title: Fårö Church

text:
Fårö Church () is the main church on Fårö island in Sweden, in the Diocese of Visby. Parts of the church were built in the 14th century, but much of the building dates from reconstructions in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Fårö Church dates from the Middle Ages and parts of it were built during the 14th century. A possible date for its inauguration is 1324, though it may have been earlier. Almost the entire nave and tower are medieval, but the church has lost much of its original look through subsequent reconstructions. The easternmost part of the church was torn down during the 18th century at the latest, and the tower was made taller and received the present spire in 1751. In 1761, windows were added in the northern wall. In 1858 the church attained its present cross-shaped form during another, even more thorough, reconstruction, during which the church entrance was moved from the southern façade to the tower. The church is the only medieval church on Gotland that has gone through such a radical reconstruction.

Two renovations have been carried out during the 20th century. The first, in 1967–68, included the introduction of electricity and electrical heating. The latest renovation was carried out in 2000–01.

The furnishings of the church also date from post-Reformation times with the exception of the baptismal font which was made in the 14th century. The pews and pulpit are from 1761, made by a local carpenter named Magnus Möller. The altarpiece, made of sandstone and adorned with a picture depicting the Last Supper, dates from the reign of Charles XI. The organ was originally made for Väddo Church in Uppland but brought to Fårö Church in 1875.

The most unusual items in the church are two paintings, dating from 1618 and 1767 respectively. They were both made in memory of seal-hunters who during winter had found themselves isolated on drifting ice sheets, unable to return to land but against all odds eventually brought to safety again. The older of the two contains a depiction of the later ruined Visborg castle in Visby.

In the church cemetery is the grave of film-maker Ingmar Bergman and his wife Ingrid von Rosen. They were buried there together in 2007. Bergman had chosen the spot himself.

References

External links

Churches in Gotland County
Churches converted from the Roman Catholic Church to the Church of Sweden
Churches in the Diocese of Visby


title: Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem

text:
The Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem is a result in graph theory, a branch of combinatorics. It provides one of two known approaches solving the digraph realization problem, i.e. it gives a necessary and sufficient condition for pairs of nonnegative integers  to be the indegree-outdegree pairs of a simple directed graph; a sequence obeying these conditions is called "digraphic". D. R. Fulkerson (1960) obtained a characterization analogous to the classical Erdős–Gallai theorem for graphs, but in contrast to this solution with exponentially many inequalities. In 1966 Chen  improved this result in demanding the additional constraint that the integer pairs must be sorted in non-increasing lexicographical order leading to n inequalities. Anstee  (1982) observed in a different context that it is sufficient to have . Berger  reinvented this result and gives a direct proof.

Statement
A sequence  of nonnegative integer pairs with  is digraphic if and only if  and the following inequality holds for k such that :

Stronger versions
Berger proved that it suffices to consider the th inequality such that  with  and for .

Other notations
The theorem can also be stated in terms of zero-one matrices. The connection can be seen if one realizes that each directed graph has an adjacency matrix where the column sums and row sums correspond to  and . Note that the diagonal of the matrix only contains zeros. There is a connection to the relation majorization. We define a sequence  with . Sequence  can also be determined by a corrected Ferrers diagram. Consider sequences ,  and  as -dimensional vectors ,  and . Since  by applying the principle of double counting, the theorem above states that a pair of nonnegative integer sequences  with nonincreasing  is digraphic if and only if vector  majorizes .

Generalization
A sequence  of nonnegative integer pairs with  is digraphic if and only if  and there exists a sequence  such that the pair  is digraphic and  majorizes .

Characterizations for similar problems
Similar theorems describe the degree sequences of simple graphs, simple directed graphs with loops, and simple bipartite graphs. The first problem is characterized by the Erdős–Gallai theorem. The latter two cases, which are equivalent see Berger, are characterized by the Gale–Ryser theorem.

See also
Kleitman–Wang algorithms

References

Theorems in graph theory


title: Virgilio Marchi

text:
Virgilio Marchi (21 January 1895 – 30 April 1960) was an Italian architect and art director. He designed the sets for more than fifty films during his career. Marchi was stylistically identified with the Futurist movement.

Selected filmography
 Territorial Militia (1935)
 The Two Sergeants (1936)
 Condottieri (1937)
 Queen of the Scala (1937)
 An Adventure of Salvator Rosa (1939)
 The Marquis of Ruvolito (1939)
 The Count of Brechard (1940)
 A Pilot Returns (1942)
 Luisa Sanfelice (1942)
 Four Steps in the Clouds (1942)
 Annabella's Adventure (1943)
 Maria Malibran (1943)
 Desire (1946)
 Lost in the Dark (1947)
 Baron Carlo Mazza (1948)
 Heaven Over the Marshes (1949)
 The Flowers of St. Francis (1950)
 Margaret of Cortona (1950)
 Europe '51 (1952)
 They Were Three Hundred (1952)
 Prisoners of Darkness (1952)
 Umberto D. (1952)
 Article 519, Penal Code (1952)
 Mademoiselle Gobete (1952)
 The Return of Don Camillo (1953)
 Mata Hari's Daughter (1954)
 The Two Orphans (1954)
 Don Camillo's Last Round (1955)
 The Bigamist (1956)

References

External links

1895 births
1960 deaths
20th-century Italian architects
Italian art directors
People from Livorno
Futurist architects


title: Rapidum

text:
Rapidum was a Roman settlement and fort located in Mauretania Caesariensis, nearly 100 km south of Icosium (Algiers).

History
The Romans built a fort in what is now Sour Djouab (south of present-day Algiers) during the first century of their rule in Mauretania between Castellum Tingitanum (El Asnam) and Auzia (Sour el Ghozlane), in order to expand their control of the interior of the region. Soon under Hadrian near the fort grew up a civilian settlement called "Rapidum", on the Roman road called the Nova Praetentura, which connected Numidia with Mauretania Tingitana and passed through Rapidum.

The original castrum of Rapidum remained until 201 AD, while the town survived until emperor Aurelian when it was destroyed by Berber nomads. The later emperor Diocletian rebuilt it during the late 3rd century with huge buildings which lasted until the Arab invasions.

The initial garrison of Rapidum fort was – according to historian M. Ruiu – the Cohors II Sardorum and protected the new limes of the Roman Empire moved south from the Mediterranean shores to a military road called Nova Praetentura. This road went from Rapidum near Numidia to Altava and to Numerus Syrorum at the border of Mauretania Tingitana.

Rapidum was named "municipium"  and had an extension of 15 hectares under Marcus Aurelius (with nearly 4,000 inhabitants, mostly romanised Berbers, like Auzia).

The city was later destroyed by Berber rebellions, but Diocletian restored the city that had even huge Roman thermae.  Pieces of colossal statues of Jupiter and Minerva suggest the existence of a "Capitol". There also undoubtedly was a temple to Ceres.

The fort was abandoned around 325 AD, while the city remained some centuries more (even if it never fully recovered).

Rapidum was conquered by the Vandals and later reduced to a small village, probably Christian (at Aïn Tamda, just west of Rapidum ruins, a group of Christian buildings (church and monastery) has been excavated)- was occupied by the Romano–Berber Kingdom of Altava in the 6th century. It disappeared with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century. Today only some ruins remain, excavated in the 1920s by the French colonists.

Bishopric

Rapidum was center of an ancient bishopric and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.

Bishops
Raul Nicolau Gonçalves (5 Jan 1967 Appointed – 30 Jan 1978)
Gyula Szakos (31 Mar 1979 Appointed – 5 Apr 1982)
Mieczyslaw Jaworski (7 May 1982 Appointed – 19 Aug 2001)
Brian Vincent Finnigan (31 Jan 2002 Appointed – )

See also

 Altava
 Icosium
 Castellum Tingitanum
 Icosium
 Mauretania Caesariensis
 Rusadir
 Pomaria

References

Bibliography
 Seston, Williams. Le secteur de Rapidum sur le Limes de Mauritanie césarienne après les fouilles de 1927 Persee Scientific Journals, volume 45. 1928

External links
Digital Atlas of the Roman empire: Rapidum

Populated places established in the 1st century
Populated places disestablished in the 7th century
Archaeological sites in Algeria
Roman towns and cities in Mauretania Caesariensis
Roman fortifications in Mauretania Caesariensis
Ancient Berber cities
1920s archaeological discoveries
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century
1st-century establishments in the Roman Empire
7th-century disestablishments in the Exarchate of Africa
Catholic titular sees in Africa


title: Bokpoort CSP

text:
Bokpoort CSP is a concentrated solar power (CSP) thermal energy power plant, located near Groblershoop in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The project was procured pursuant to the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) initiated by the South African Department of Energy.

The Bokpoort Plant has a thermal molten salt storage capacity of 1‚300 MWht equivalent to around 9.3 hours full load generation. The plant synchronised for the first time on the South African Grid in November 2015, after a construction period of 29 months.

History
On 23 September 2013 the groundbreaking ceremony for the commencement of construction at the Bokpoort Concentrated Solar Power plant was held in the presence of ACWA Power Chairman Mohammad Abunayyan, Mayor Paul Vries and other dignitaries in Groblershoop, South Africa.

Power developer ACWA Power Solafrica’s Bokpoort concentrated solar power (CSP) plant reached full operation capacity, ahead of schedule, in December 2015.

On 16 March 2016 Trade Ministers from South Africa and Saudi Arabia jointly inaugurated the Bokpoort Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Project, marking the official launch of the  billion ($ million) project.

The South African solar power plant has set a new African record (25 March 2016) for the continuous, round the clock supply of renewable electricity for 161 hours.

On 29 April 2021 Revego Africa Energy Limited announced a 12 percent stake in the plant, for  million ($14.8 million). Revego is buying the stake from Métier, a South Africa private equity firm, who manages the Lereko Metier Sustainable Capital fund.

Technology
Bokpoort CSP has a gross capacity of 55 megawatts (MW) and 50 MW net. The solar field covers an area of less than . With its 8600 solar collector elements (SCE) the solar field captures the solar energy. Through the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) circulating through large steam generators, the energy is transformed into steam at 103.6 bar and 380 °C. The 50MWe conventional steam turbine will then use the steam flow to generate electricity and two molten salt tanks will store excess heat energy for conversion into electric energy after sunshine hours.

Energy storage
One remarkable feature of the plant is the large energy storage capability. It is the world’s first commercial utility-scale CSP plant to have more than nine hours of storage, which provide the ability to deliver power well after sunset or when power demand is highest, effectively making it a peaking power plant. Bokpoort CSP Owners led by ACWA Power International (Saudi Arabia) describes this system as the largest thermal storage system ever built for a CSP plant of its size and capacity.

The Bokpoort thermal energy storage consists out of one hot and one cold storage tank (each 40 m diameter and 14 m height) filled with 39,100 tons of  environmental friendly molten salt (potassium and sodium nitrate).

Solar field
The solar field consists out of 180 loops grouped into 8 sub-fields with a total of 8600 SCEs using SENER Trough Technology with Flabeg Glass Mirrors. There are in total 241,920 mirrors installed which have a total of 658,000 m2 of reflective surface.

Construction
The plant was built, starting in September 2013, by the EPC consortium of Spanish companies Acciona, SENER and TSK and South Africa’s Crowie.
During peak construction period the project employed more than 1300 persons on site.

Local content and skills transfer

Total estimated local value add (in ZAR) in form of local content and employment in South Africa was more than  billion ($ million), which equals about 41% of total project investment.

 Main SA manufacturers
 Gauteng – HTF Expansion / Overflow Vessels
 Upington – Salt Tanks (Thermal Storage)
 Gauteng / Cape Town – Torque Tubes, Pylons for Solar Field
 Approx. 8160 tonnes of steel for all Torque Tube
 Approx. 1200 tonnes of steel for all Pylons

 Main SA Pre-Assemblers and On-site Assemblers
 Upington – HTF Solar field piping
 Upington – HCE Stainless steel piping
 Northern Cape – HP Power Block Piping
 On Site – Solar Collector Elements (7500)
 Total estimated training performed 50,000 hours
 Safety training – 20%
 Small tools use – 20%
 On job training and skill-specific training –  60% (scaffold use, foundation erection, welding setup, electrical cable pulling and termination)

Socio-economic and community development
Bokpoort CSP became well known not only in the Northern Cape but also on national level for its innovative socio-economic and community development projects across pre-defined objectives such as education, self-sustainability, community well-being. Among other the following projects closely developed and implemented with the ǃKheis Local Municipality and its communities:

 Duineveldt Solar Lighting; one of the key challenges identified by the !Kheis Municipality, in the Integrated Development Plan (IDP), is the lack of electricity to households
 Palms Technical Training Centre; it became Bokpoort CSP's partner to train community members to provide basic skills for the CSP project or to prepare them to enrol in vocational training schools, which allows them to acquire specialist skills in power plant construction or maintenance environments.
 Topline Water Reticulation; provision of clean drinking water to Topline community residents.
Various Apprenticeship Programs
!Kheis loveLife Y-Centre

Inauguration and commercial operation
Power developer ACWA Power Solafrica's Bokpoort concentrated solar power (CSP) plant reached full operation capacity – ahead of schedule in December 2015. ACWA Power Southern Africa Managing Director Chris Ehlers points out that the coordination between the owner, the engineering, procurement and construction contractor and Eskom, as well as other key partners, has been key in synchronising Bokpoort CSP slightly ahead of time with the national grid.

Inauguration
On 16 March 2016 Trade Ministers from South Africa and Saudi Arabia jointly inaugurated the Bokpoort Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Project, marking the official launch of the  billion ($ million, 2016 exchange rate) project. South Africa’s Trade and Industry Minister, Mr. Rob Davies and Dr. Tawfig Fawzan Alrabiah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Commerce & Trade officiated at the ceremony, at the site, which will provide enough power to supply more than 200,000 homes.

Speaking at the launch, Minister Davies said the Bokpoort project is the largest investment by a Saudi company, ACWA Power and needs to be celebrated as it instills confidence in government’s long-term infrastructure roll out and also strengthens relations between the two countries. "This project has a major socio-economic development impact for the Northern Cape and South Africa. Through the bid window process the overall prices of energy have become very competitive. The design of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) is intended to leverage the investment in the energy sector to contribute to industrialization of the local economy," said Davies.

Commercial operation
The CEO for Bokpoort CSP, Mr Ryno Lacock was proud to announce that on 27 November 2017, the plant clocked production of 1009.31 MWh in a single day. This is the highest production ever over a single 24 hour period. The previous record was 999.13 MWh on 28 November 2016 which fell just short of the "Sweet Spot" of 1000 MWh per day which is equivalent to 20 hours of full load operations (with a 50MW turbine and a 9.3 hour storage system) akin to base-load technologies.

Financing
In December 2020, Afrik21.africa reported that Acwa Power Solafrica Bokpoort, the SPV company that owns and operates the power station had refinanced the power station to the tune of ZAR:5 billion (US$334 million). The long list of lenders in the syndicated loan included: (1) Investec Bank (2) Absa Group Limited (3) Rand Merchant Bank (4) Omsfin (5) Sanlam and (6) Futuregrowth.

Awards winning project

In 2014 Thomson Reuters’ Project Finance International (PFI) awarded the title "Renewable Deal of the Year for the Middle East and Africa region" to the 50MW Bokpoort concentrated solar power (CSP) project developed by the ACWA Power consortium.

The South African National Energy Association has announced ACWA Power SolAfrica Bokpoort CSP plant as the Best Energy Project of the Year 2016 on 16 September at the SANEA / SANEDI Awards ceremony in Sandton. The 50MW CSP plant in Northern Cape was considered as the industry’s pioneering project in the renewable energy sector. The project was also recognised as the industry benchmark for utilizing renewable energy deployment for socio-economic development through focused investment in local community development.

See also

List of solar thermal power stations
List of power stations in South Africa
List of energy storage projects
ACWA Power

References

Solar thermal energy
Solar power stations in South Africa
Economy of the Northern Cape
Energy storage projects
Community development


title: André-Jean Lebrun

text:
André-Jean Lebrun (1737–1811) was a French sculptor.

Life

André-Jean Lebrun was born in Paris in 1737. He studied under Jean-Baptiste Pigalle.
Lebrun won the Grand Prix of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1756.
He tied with the sculptor Pierre-François Berruer (1733–1797), winning a scholarship to the Villa Medici in Rome.
In Rome he made a number of statues for the church of San Carlo al Corso.
These included a statue of Judith. He also carved a bust of Pope Clement XIII (1768).
He became a member of the Académie de Saint-Luc and the Académie de Marseille.

Lebrun was invited to Poland on the recommendation of Madame Geoffrin.
and was appointed chief sculptor to King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
He also worked in Saint Petersburg, Russia, where he made a bust of the Empress Maria Feodorovna.
In 1804, he became professor of sculpture at Vilnius University.

He died in Vilnius in 1811.

Works

The Louvre holds three drawings by Lebrun:
Trois jeunes femmes drapées à l'antique, dansant devant un buste
Composition allégorique avec Athéna
Neptune tenant son trident, dans un médaillon orné

Sculpture includes:
Statue of David, San Carlo al Corso, Rome
Bust of Count Kirill Razumovsky (1766) Marble. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Bust of Cardinal Giuseppe Maria Feroni (1767) Marble. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Bust of King Stanislas Auguste II Poniatowski (1784) New Hrodna Castle, Belarus

References
Citations

Sources

External links

1737 births
1811 deaths
French sculptors
French male sculptors


title: E235 series

text:
The  is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) commuter and suburban train type operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The commuter variant was introduced on Yamanote Line services in November 2015, and the suburban variant entered service on the Sōbu Rapid and Yokosuka Lines on 21 December 2020.

Design features
The E235 series design was developed from the earlier E233 series trains, and like the E233 and E231 series trains, the new E235 series trains have stainless steel bodies. The exterior styling was overseen by the industrial design firm Ken Okuyama Design. Baggage racks and hand-holds have been lowered  for easier access and the seats are  wider than previous trains. The car interiors also have up to 36 digital monitors for various informational displays. The window behind the drivers cab has been lowered so children can get a better view of the operator of the cars. The temperature of each car is also monitored; the system can predict the number of passengers at upcoming stations and adjust the temperature for passenger comfort. This information is also communicated to a smart phone application, allowing customers to choose in which car to ride based on their temperature preference. In 2017, the E235 series received the Laurel Prize.

Variants
  E235-0 series: 11-car sets used on the Yamanote Line
  E235-1000 series: 11+4-car sets used on Yokosuka Line and Sōbu Rapid Line, with through services to the Narita Line, Sotobō Line, Uchibō Line, Kashima Line, and Sōbu Main Line

History
Details of the E235 series design were first announced in July 2014. The first, pre-series set 01, train was delivered from the J-TREC factory at Akiha-ku, Niigata in March 2015, with test-running commencing on the Yamanote Line on 30 March.

Set number 01 entered revenue service on 30 November 2015, with a departure ceremony at Osaki Station, but was taken out of service later the same day following faults with door-close indicators and problems stopping at the correct position along the station platform. Test running on the Yamanote Line resumed from 27 December. The train returned to revenue service on the Yamanote Line on 7 March 2016.

In June 2016, JR East announced its official plans for the introduction of a fleet of 49 full-production sets (539 vehicles) between spring 2017 and spring 2020. Most units would be built as 10-car sets and use converted former E231-500 series SaHa E231-4600 cars, while two units would be built as 11-car sets. The first full-production standard set, 02, was delivered from the J-TREC factory in Niigata in April 2017. This entered service on 22 May 2017.

In April 2018, JR East announced the replacement of the existing E217 series on the Sōbu Line (Rapid) and Yokosuka Line by new E235 series trains beginning in fiscal 2020. The fleet will consist of 51 11-car trains and 46 four-car trains, for a total of 745 cars to be newly constructed. The first train entered service on 21 December 2020.

E235-0 series

A total of 50 11-car trains were delivered for use on the Yamanote Line, letting the E231-500 series in use since 2002 being transferred to the Chūō–Sōbu Line. A pre-series train was delivered in March 2015, first entering revenue service from 30 November 2015, but then taken out of service for three months before re-entering service in March 2016.

The pre-series set (01) was converted to the full production standard by 14 March 2018.

Formations
, 50 11-car sets (01–50) are based at Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre and formed with six motored ("M") cars and five non-powered trailer ("T") cars. All sets  except sets 04 and 05 have SaHa E235-4600 cars (Car 10), which are modified from former E231-500 series SaHa E231-4600 cars.

 On the pre-series set (01), car 3 has one PS33D single-arm pantograph, car 6 has PS33H and PS36A single-arm pantographs (one used as a backup), and car 9 has one PS33H single-arm pantograph.
 On the remaining production sets (02-50), cars 3 and 9 each have one PS33H single-arm pantograph and car 6 has two PS33H single-arm pantographs (one used as a backup).
 All cars have an accessible/priority "free space".
 Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

Exterior

Interior
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout, with an individual seat width of  per person, compared to  for the earlier E231-500 series. Priority seating is provided at both ends of each car (except in end cars), and a space for wheelchairs or strollers is provided at one end of each car. LED lighting is used throughout. The initial plan was for paper advertisements inside the cars to be completely abolished, replaced by 18 LCD colour advertising screens in each car, but following feedback from advertising companies and users, the first train to enter service will include traditional paper advertisements in addition to the LCD screens.

The full-production sets (02 onward) incorporate a number of design changes. Whereas in the pre-series set 01, the luggage rack height was generally  with a height of  in the end cars and in priority seating areas, this is standardized as  throughout from set 02 onward. The handrails next to seats in the full-production sets have an embossed surface compared with the polished metal surface used in the pre-series set.

SaHa E235-500/-4600 series cars

The car 10 position on the E235-0 series trains has a slightly different door spacing, to more closely align with the driver cab of 10-car Keihin–Tōhoku Line trains, which sometimes have to share platforms with Yamanote Line trains during track maintenance. In 48 of the 50 sets, car 10 is a SaHa E235-4600 series car, and externally appear different from the other cars. These cars were originally built in 2010–2011 as SaHa E231-4600 series cars (and were built to E233 series standards), and were modified to E235 specifications when the E231-500 series was withdrawn from the Yamanote Line. The remaining two sets, sets 4 and 5, have a new build SaHa E235-500 series car in the car 10 position, in order to allow for a more reasonable 90-day timeframe for modification works on the remaining cars (as it would have been difficult to perform the modifications in 45 days).

Special liveries
In October 2022, set 15 was repainted into an all-over black livery to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the opening of the railway. The Netflix logo also appears on the sides of the carriages. It will remain with this livery until 31 December 2022.

E235-1000 series

The E235-1000 series fleet will consist of a total of 745 cars (consisting of 51 11-car trains and 46 four-car trains) for use on the Sōbu Line (Rapid) and Yokosuka Line, replacing the E217 series in use since 1994. The fleet was introduced into service on 21 December 2020.

On 21 April 2020, the Green cars of the first set were completed at the J-TREC factory in Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama and transported to the J-TREC factory in Niigata to be joined with standard cars. On 3 June 2020, the first 11-car set was completed at Niigata; it was delivered to Kamakura Depot on 8 June 2020. The first 4-car set was completed at Niigata on 16 June 2020 and was delivered on 19 June 2020.

Formations

11-car sets
, 16 11-car sets (F-01–F-16) are based at Kamakura Depot and formed with six motored ("M") cars and five non-powered trailer ("T") cars.

 Cars 7 and 10 each have one single-arm pantograph and car 3 has two single-arm pantographs (one used as a backup).
 Cars 1-3 and 6-11 have an accessible/priority "free space".
 Cars 1, 5, and 6 each have a toilet (universal design in cars 1 and 6).
 Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.
 Cars 4 and 5 are bilevel Green Cars.

4-car sets
, 13 four-car sets (J-01–J-13) are based at Kamakura Depot and formed with two motored ("M") cars and two non-powered trailer ("T") cars.

 Car +3 has two single-arm pantographs (one used as a backup).
 All cars have an accessible/priority "free space".
 Car +1 has a universal design toilet.

Interior
As with their counterparts on the Yamanote Line, passenger accommodation for ordinary cars consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. A space for wheelchairs or strollers is provided at one end of each car, except on Green cars. The seats are  wider than those seen in earlier E217 series cars. The information screens measure 21 inches, and display information in multiple languages. LED lighting is used throughout. Surveillance cameras are also equipped in order to increase safety.

Green car accommodation consists of reclining, 2+2 abreast seating throughout. Also included are power outlets, which are equipped under the seats' armrests.

Notes

References

External links

 J-TREC press release

Electric multiple units of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2015
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
J-TREC multiple units


title: Cornukaempferia

text:
Cornukaempferia is a genus of plants in the ginger family. It contains three known species, all endemic to Thailand.

 Cornukaempferia aurantiflora Mood & K.Larsen
 Cornukaempferia larsenii P.Saensouk
 Cornukaempferia longipetiolata Mood & K.Larsen

References

Endemic flora of Thailand
Zingiberoideae
Zingiberaceae genera


title: Thomas J. Ward

text:
Thomas J. Ward (August 18, 1837 – March 30, 1924) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Ward received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Ward's medal was won for his heroism in the Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi on May 22, 1863. He was honored with the award on July 31, 1896.

Ward was born in Romney, West Virginia, and entered service in Decatur, Illinois. He died at his home in Anaconda, Montana on March 30, 1924, and was buried in Upper Hill Cemetery.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z

References

External links

1837 births
1924 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Romney, West Virginia
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military personnel from West Virginia
People from Anaconda, Montana


title: Kitty O'Neil (dancer)

text:
Kitty O'Neil (1855  – April 16, 1893) was one of the most celebrated American variety theatre dancers of the late 19th century. From around 1863 until 1892, she performed in New York City, Boston and elsewhere in the United States, and at her death was acclaimed by The New York Times as "the best female jig dancer in the world." O'Neil's name is remembered today chiefly because of "Kitty O'Neil's Champion," a "sand jig" named in her honor that was first published in 1882 and revived starting in the 1970s by fiddler Tommy Peoples and other Irish traditional musicians.

Dancing career

Catherine O'Neil, famous on stage as "Kitty" O'Neil, was born in 1855 in Buffalo, New York to William O'Neil, a New York-born machinist and saloonkeeper, and his wife Elizabeth (née McKernan), an immigrant from Ireland.

She first performed in public at about the age of eight, proving to be so talented and precocious that her parents took her to a Prof. Newville of Rochester, New York to learn "fancy dancing." In her earliest years on the stage, she danced at theaters in Buffalo, Chicago, Pittsburgh and Syracuse. Variety impresario Tony Pastor heard of her talent and summoned her to New York City, where she made her debut at Pastor's Bowery "Opera House" on January 23, 1871.

O'Neil was, to the confusion of later chroniclers, the second "Kitty O'Neil" who performed in this era for Tony Pastor. The first, also known as "Kathleen O'Neil," was a Dublin-born singer who arrived in the U.S. in 1861 and began performing with Pastor the following year. The dancing Kitty O'Neil's reputation soon eclipsed that of her singing predecessor. She was regularly featured in Pastor's company in New York and on tour for months after her debut, and also danced in this period for producer John Stetson at the Howard Athenaeum, the leading variety hall in Boston. From the fall of 1872 through 1878, O'Neil's theatrical home base was New York's Theatre Comique, managed by Josh Hart and, from 1876 on, by Edward Harrigan. A typical billing for Kitty from a Comique playbill in the Harrigan era read: "Acknowledged by the Press and Public to be the only Female Jig Dancer extant, all others are mere imitators and their futile efforts when compared with Miss O'Neil's artistic abilities fall below mediocrity."

O'Neil's specialties were the "rale old Irish reel," the Lancashire clog (danced in wooden shoes) and the "straight jig," a peculiarly American form developed by minstrel show performers who danced to syncopated tunes in 2/4 or 2/2 time rather than the typical 6/8, 9/8 or 12/8 meters of Irish jigs. She was most renowned, however, for her "sand jig," a straight jig performed as a series of shuffles and slides on a sand-strewn stage to music in schottische tempo.

O'Neil's dance costume in her early years on stage, as seen in the carte de visite photo above, was virtually identical to that of her male contemporaries. As dance historian April F. Masten noted: “…rather than donning the flesh-colored tights of female chorus dancers, which suggested nudity, she sports the white stockings, black pumps, and long-sleeved blouse of her male cohort, which signified skill.”

As Harrigan moved away from variety to produce his own full-length plays, O'Neil worked more often for Tony Pastor and other variety producers in New York and Boston, as well as on tours of smaller cities. In the later years of her career, she was most frequently booked at Hyde and Behman's Theater in Downtown Brooklyn, and at the Bowery and Eighth Avenue theaters operated in Manhattan by Henry C. Miner. Her last New York City performance was at the London Theatre, another Bowery variety house, in 1888. O'Neil then returned to her native Buffalo and, following an 1890 trip to California with Hyde's Specialty Company, retired from touring. Her final public performance was in the summer of 1891 at Shea's Music Hall in Buffalo.

Personal life

In 1873, Kitty O'Neil married Ed Power who, with song-and-dance man Frank Kerns, kept a saloon catering to the theatrical profession at the corner of Crosby and Prince Streets in lower Manhattan. Power died of tuberculosis in 1878, after which Kitty married Harry Kernell, a Philadelphia-born comedian who, together with his brother John, was another celebrated Pastor trouper. Kitty had two children by Kernell, neither of whom survived infancy. She and Kernell divorced in 1887. After O'Neil retired to Buffalo, she became the manager of the Alhambra Theater and in 1892 married saloonkeeper Alfred Pettie. She died in 1893 of peritonitis and nephritis following an unsuccessful abdominal operation for an unspecified "female complaint" and kidney problems. She was buried in Buffalo's Holy Cross cemetery.

Kitty's "Champion Jig"

Kitty's reputation as the premier sand jigger of her day inspired the composition of "Kitty O'Neil's Champion," an elaborate seven-part sand jig that first appeared in Ryan's Mammoth Collection, a popular tune book published in Boston in 1882. Kitty's "Champion Jig" incorporated an earlier two-part straight jig called "Kitty O'Neil," which, as it was first published c. 1869 before Kitty the dancer came to prominence, may have been named for the earlier Kitty O'Neil, the singer.

Most of the tunes in Ryan's were later reprinted in 1000 Fiddle Tunes, first published in Chicago in 1940 by M.M. Cole and kept in print for decades thereafter. 1000 Fiddle Tunes served as the source of new repertoire for many American, Canadian and Irish traditional musicians. In the 1970s, Donegal-born fiddler Tommy Peoples came across "Kitty O'Neil's Champion" in 1000 Fiddle Tunes and began playing it in stage performances, recording it in 1982 on his LP The Iron Man. Peoples, however, mistakenly called the tune "Kitty O'Shea," with the result that other musicians who learned the tune from his playing also subsequently recorded it under that name. Versions have been recorded by, among others, fiddler Kevin Burke, uilleann piper Paddy Keenan, the concertina/fiddle duo Edel Fox and Neill Byrne, tenor banjo player Eamonn Coyne (with fiddler Megan Henderson), harmonica player Pip Murphy (with the Tin Sandwich Band), the fiddle/button accordion duo Marie and Martin Reilly, the concertina/fiddle duo Loretto Reid and Brian Taheny, and fiddler Athena Tergis.

No composer was credited for the tune in Ryan's but it may have been a contribution of the editor, William Bradbury Ryan. A very similar tune in the collection, "Kitty Sharpe's Champion," honored Kitty O'Neil's greatest contemporary and rival, a New-York-born straight and sand jig dancer who performed in many of the same variety theaters as Kitty O'Neil, as well as in the circus.

References

1855 births
1893 deaths
Artists from Buffalo, New York
American people of Irish descent
American female dancers
Dancers from New York (state)
19th-century American dancers
19th-century American women


title: Eric Moreland

text:
Eric Moreland (born December 24, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He played college basketball for the Oregon State Beavers.

High school career
Following his graduation from Hightower High School in January 2010, Moreland enrolled at Ocean Academy in Bayville, New Jersey for one semester where he averaged 15.5 points and 2.6 blocks per game.

College career
Although originally being recruited by Oregon State, Moreland signed with UTEP in January 2010 upon his graduation from Hightower High. However, following the release of UTEP's head coach Tony Barbee in March 2010, Moreland was released from his scholarship and signed with Oregon State in May 2010. In August 2010, the NCAA cleared him to play immediately with four years of eligibility.

Moreland played four games in 2010–11 before suffering a season-ending left shoulder injury against Colorado on December 4, 2010, that required surgery. On August 4, 2011, he was granted medical hardship, allowing him to retain four years of college eligibility.

In his redshirted freshman season in 2011–12, Moreland played in all 36 games and started 17. He led the Pac-12 in blocked shots, the first Oregon State player to lead the conference in that category since Nick DeWitz in 2005–06. In addition, he broke the Oregon State single-season record with 69 blocked shots that was held by Scott Haskin (68 in 1991–92) and shattered the Oregon State freshman blocked shots record that was set the season before by Devon Collier (23). In 36 games, he averaged 5.2 points, 6.8 rebounds, and 1.9 blocks in 20.5 minutes per game.

In his sophomore season, Moreland earned Pac-12 All-Defensive Honorable Mention honors. He was also named the Pac-12 Player of the Week on December 24, 2012, after posting two double-doubles and averaging 17.0 points and 11.5 rebounds in wins over Howard and San Diego. In 29 games (22 starts), he averaged 9.4 points, 10.6 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 2.5 blocks in 30.7 minutes per game.

In his junior season, Moreland played just 20 games after he was suspended for the first 12 games for a violation of team rules. He went on to earn Pac-12 All-Defensive Honorable Mention honors for the second straight year after he became just the third player in Oregon State history to average double-figure rebounds in multiple seasons. In 20 games (19 starts), he averaged 8.9 points, 10.3 rebounds, 1.4 assists, and 2.0 blocks in 29.4 minutes per game.

On April 12, 2014, Moreland declared for the NBA draft, foregoing his final year of college eligibility. He finished his Oregon State career as the all-time leader in blocked shots (184) and blocked shots average (2.07), and fifth all-time in rebounds (762) and sixth in rebounding average (8.6). He graduated in March 2014 with a degree in Human Development and Family Science.

Professional career

Sacramento Kings (2014–2016)
After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft, Moreland joined the Sacramento Kings for the 2014 NBA Summer League. On July 30, 2014, he signed with the Kings and went on to receive multiple assignments to the Reno Bighorns of the NBA Development League before being ruled out for the rest of the 2014–15 season on January 1, 2015, due to a labral tear in his left shoulder. He recovered in time to participate in the 2015 NBA Summer League, where he averaged 6.4 points and 8.0 rebounds in five games. On July 29, 2015, Moreland was waived by the Kings, only to be re-signed by the team for training camp on September 9. On December 16, 2015, he was ruled out indefinitely after sustaining a fracture of the fifth metatarsal in his left foot during practice earlier that day. Five days later, he was ruled out for eight weeks after undergoing successful surgery on his left foot. On March 19, 2016, he was assigned to the Reno Bighorns. He was later recalled by the Kings on April 1.

Canton Charge (2016–2017)
On September 26, 2016, Moreland signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. After being waived by the Cavaliers on October 3, 2016, he was acquired by the Canton Charge of the NBA Development League on November 1, 2016. On February 6, 2017, he was named in the Eastern Conference All-Star team for the 2017 NBA D-League All-Star Game. At the season's end, he was named to the All-NBA D-League Third Team and NBA D-League All-Defensive Team.

Detroit Pistons (2017–2018)
On July 6, 2017, Moreland signed with the Detroit Pistons. On January 6, 2018, in a 108–101 win over the Houston Rockets, Moreland replaced the injured Andre Drummond at center for the first start of his career and set career highs with eight points, four assists and 36 minutes. In the Pistons' season finale on April 11, 2018, Moreland had career highs with 16 points, 17 rebounds, four blocks and four steals in 41 minutes in a 119–87 win over the Chicago Bulls.

On July 8, 2018, Moreland was waived by the Pistons. On September 21, 2018, Moreland signed with the Toronto Raptors. After appearing in three preseason games, Moreland was waived on October 12. After being waived by the Raptors, Moreland participated as a member of Team USA for the Americas' 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification rounds on November 29 and December 3, 2018, leading the team in rebounds in the second game he played there.

Phoenix Suns (2018–2019)
On December 10, 2018, Moreland signed with the Phoenix Suns, but was waived on January 3, 2019. He played only one game with Phoenix on December 31, 2018, against the Golden State Warriors.

Toronto Raptors (2019)
On March 14, 2019, Toronto Raptors announced that they had signed Moreland to a 10-day contract. Moreland later played with the Raptors the same day. On March 23, 2019, Moreland's 10-day contract with the Raptors was not renewed, but on April 9, 2019, the Raptors signed Moreland for the remainder of the season. Moreland won an NBA Championship with the Raptors when they defeated the two-time defending champion Golden State Warriors in 6 games during the 2019 NBA Finals.

Shanxi Loongs (2019–2021)
On October 21, 2019, Moreland was reported to have signed with the Shanxi Loongs. Moreland was activated on November 11 and made his debut on next day, contributing eight points, eleven rebounds and three assists in a 106–87 win over the Shanghai Sharks.

He is on the Atlanta Hawks roster for the 2021 NBA summer league.

Liaoning Flying Leopards (2021–present)
On November 27, 2021, he has signed with Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).

On April 26, 2022, he won the CBA title with Liaoning Flying Leopards, and became the third basketball player, after Sun Yue and Mengke Bateer, to win both NBA and CBA titles.

Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Sacramento
| 3 || 0 || .7 || 1.000 || - || - || .3 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .7
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Sacramento
| 8 || 0 || 6.0 || .500 || - || .500 || 1.4 || .1 || .0 || .5 || 1.0
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Detroit
| 67 || 3 || 12.0 || .541 || -|| .379 || 4.1 || 1.2 || .5 || .8 || 2.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Phoenix
| 1 || 0 || 5.0 || .000 || -|| - || 3.0 || .0 || .0|| .0 || .0
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|†
| align="left" | Toronto
| 4 || 0 || 9.5 || .429 || 1.000 || - || 4.3 || 1.0 || .3|| .3 || 1.8
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | Career
| 83 || 3 || 10.8 || .537 || 1.000 || .394 || 3.7 || 1.0 || .4 || .7 || 1.9

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|2019†
| style="text-align:left;"|Toronto
| 8 || 0 || 3.5 || .500 || - || .500 || 1.6 || .4 || .0 || .0 || .3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 8 || 0 || 3.5 || .500 || - || .500 || 1.6 || .4 || .0 || .0 || .3

References

External links

Oregon State Beavers bio

1991 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American expatriate basketball people in China
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Houston
Canton Charge players
Centers (basketball)
Detroit Pistons players
Liaoning Flying Leopards players
Oregon State Beavers men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Missouri City, Texas
Phoenix Suns players
Power forwards (basketball)
Reno Bighorns players
Sacramento Kings players
Toronto Raptors players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players
United States men's national basketball team players
Basketball players from Fort Bend County, Texas


title: 77th Scripps National Spelling Bee

text:
The 77th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held on June 1–3, 2004 in Washington D.C.

265 contestants between age 9 and 15 took part in the three-day competition, which lasted 15 rounds. Contestants were given a 25 word written test on the first day, and 191 of the 265 contestants got their first word correct in the oral competition which began on day two. The combination of those first two steps (with one point for each correct written word, and three for the oral word, for a maximum possible score of 28 and a minimum of 18 needed to advance) reduced the initial field to 94. By the end of day two, 46 contestants remained.

David Tidmarsh, a 14-year-old eighth-grader from South Bend, Indiana, and sponsored by the South Bend Tribune, took first after spelling autochthonous. Tidmarsh’s prize package included $12,000 and engraved cup, plus additional prizes from sponsors including an additional $5,000. Tidmarsh had come in 16th in the prior year's competition.

Akshay Buddiga, a 13-year-old boy from Colorado Springs, Colorado, took second. At one point Buddiga briefly fainted while attempting to spell "alopecoid", but stood up and spelled the word correctly. Akshay’s brother, Pratyush, won the 2002 Scripps National Spelling Bee.

Spellers faced a two-minute two limit per word, followed by a 30-second countdown clock, with the one-time ability to request one minute of bonus time.

See also
 List of Scripps National Spelling Bee champions

References

Scripps National Spelling Bee competitions
2004 in Washington, D.C.
2004 in education
June 2004 events in the United States


title: Dally Messenger III

text:
Dally Messenger III (born 4 February 1938), is the grandson of the renowned Rugby Union and Rugby League footballer, Herbert Henry “Dally” Messenger. From 1974 he gained prominence as a developer and media spokesperson of the fledgling civil celebrant program founded by Australian Attorney-General, Lionel Murphy. He has also been credited with acknowledged contributions as an author, publisher, editor, historian, and social activist.

After leaving the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1968, Messenger became a public critic of the Catholic Church on such issues as birth control, abortion, the place of women, celibacy of the clergy, human rights, and church authority.

Messenger has written for various publications, including The Australian and Nation Review. Messenger was founder and editor of the magazine Dance Australia.

His books cover diverse topics, including rugby league, children of separated parents, early Melbourne radio, how to design celebrant ceremonies, and the history of celebrancy.

Antecedents and family background
Dally Messenger III (Dally Raymond Messenger) shares with his Dally Messenger, his grandfather, a rugby player, some ancestors who were notable rowers and boat-builders. Dally Messenger III is the great-great-grandson of Thames boat-builder James Messenger, who was a Queen's Waterman, barge master to Queen Victoria, and sculling champion of the world from 1854 to 1857.

He is also the great grandson of Charles Amos Messenger, the sculling champion of Victoria (), 1881 Rowing Champion of New Zealand, and 1887 contender for the sculling championship of the world. Charles Amos also established the first boatshed on Sydney Harbour at Balmain, from where it was later transferred (by flotation) to Double Bay.

Biographical summary
According to a 1972 feature article on him in Woman's Day magazine, and an article in 2011 in the Docklands News (Melbourne), which are on his own personal website and information provided in the semi-autobiographical book, Murphy's Law and the Pursuit of Happiness: A History of the Civil Celebrant Movement, Dally Messenger III was born in Sydney in February 1938, the son of Dally Messenger Junior and Dorothy née Davidson. He was raised in Sydney, but spent most of his school years in Katoomba in the Blue Mountains where he attended St Bernard's College.

Thereafter he returned to Sydney and spent his last year of secondary schooling at Marist Brothers, Parramatta, then worked for several years in banking and wholesale before entering a seminary, at twenty one years of age, to study for the Catholic priesthood at St Columba's College, Springwood, NSW (and later St Patricks's College, Manly).

Reform and change in the Catholic Church
The historian Christopher Geraghty relates that Messenger had a reputation in the seminary for diplomatically challenging authority.

Messenger gained his degree (Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus (STB)) in 1964, teaching qualifications in 1965, and was ordained a priest in 1966.

Historians Michael Parer and Tony Peterson record that Messenger was an activist and significant analyst of the changes in this post Vatican II time of turmoil in the Catholic Church.  Parer and Peterson also describe Messenger's disillusionment with the conservatism of church leaders and with the lack of Christian values, such as compassion, kindness, respect and tolerance, in the seminary, and in the organisational structure of the church.  He was dispirited by what he perceived as errors in church teaching and practice, such as the role of church authority and the prohibition on all methods of birth control. He could not understand the resistance to what he considered to be the Vatican Council's clearly agreed reforms. He took a strong stand in rejecting celibacy of the clergy as contrary to the church's own teachings on human rights. Messenger left the priesthood after only a year.

Referring to Messenger and others, church historian Edmund Campion records the "great wastage of talent" which occurred at this time in the Catholic Church.

The New Earth Credit Union
Campion further describes how Messenger set up the New Earth Credit Union to assist former clergy with low interest loans. At the time loans to former clergy were generally unavailable because they usually had no assets and no credit record. Severance payments and superannuation were unheard of.

After leaving the priesthood Messenger moved to Melbourne, where he taught at the Presbyterian Haileybury College for six years (1969-1975). During this period he married and became the father of three daughters. In 1976 he gained a post-graduate diploma in Librarianship (teacher-librarian) from Melbourne State College (now part of the University of Melbourne).

Dance Australia Magazine

Messenger was also the founding editor and publisher of Dance Australia Magazine, which he, with others, established in 1980. Collaborators included Brian McInerney, Marjorie Messenger (children's editor), Dennis Ogden (design artist), Jean Nugent (office management), Russell Naughton (photography), June Joubert (illustrator), Robyn Summers (public relations), Ted Pask (history features), Patricia Laughlin (reviewer and writer), Dawn Dickson (office management) and Campbell Smith (relief editor, art and design). Other early contributors were the writers, Blazenka Brysha and André L'Estrange, and the photographer, Jeff Busby)

His work on creating this magazine was recognised by two national arts awards. The first was an award for "Services to Dance" in the inaugural National Dance Awards, presented at the Sydney Opera House in May 1997. The website citation reads as follows:
Dally had the vision and determination to publish the first dance magazine in Australia. In 1980 he began producing Dance Australia, which is still providing quality news, advice, reviews and advertising for the dance industry.

Tributes to Messenger's achievement were subsequently published in Dance Australia by Keith Bain, Noel Pelly, Vicki Fairfax, Alan Brissenden and Pamela Ruskin. Vicki Fairfax wrote in this edition,
What a debt we owe him and what an enormous hole there would be in our history were it not for the magazine he set up, against all the odds.

The second award was an Australian Dance Award for "Outstanding Achievement in Dance Education" awarded in 2008 and presented on 15 June at the Arts Centre in Melbourne.
Editor Messenger records the early struggles to establish Dance Australia in the article "A Pioneer's Reminiscence" he wrote for the 25th anniversary edition.
Said Messenger:
I left Dance Australia with some huge satisfactions, which made those ten years worth while. We had chronicled, with love and dedication, a great period of development in Australian Dance. I know that by doing so we boosted, not only the art form itself, but the life of the performing arts in Australia. I speak on behalf of my originally pioneering team, when I boast that we produced successfully the first truly independent performing arts magazine in Australian history.

Dance Australia is currently published (2014) by Yaffa Publishing of Sydney which purchased the magazine c. 1990.

Pioneer of civil celebrancy
Dally Messenger III is most noted for his long involvement in the civil celebrant program, first in Australia and then in other English-speaking countries. In the 1960s Messenger was the first person ever to apply to become a Civil Marriage Celebrant under the provisions of the new Commonwealth Marriage Act of Australia (1961).

In the 1970s he was one of a group of marriage-reformers who helped persuade the reforming Attorney-General Lionel Murphy to introduce civil marriage celebrants in Australia. Murphy's reforms have since served as a model to other English-speaking countries, though in none of them has civil celebrancy, to date, become as firmly established as in Australia. In Australia by 2015, 74.9% of couples chose civil celebrants. The use of registry office marriages in some states has also been greatly reduced or has disappeared altogether, as in the Australian Capital Territory.

Ray Dahlitz, author of the Secular Who's Who, describes Messenger as a humanist, educationalist, and defender of cultural rights, and records that he was appointed first secretary of the Association of Civil Marriage Celebrants of Australia (ACMCA).

A great number of sources are available during his forty years of involvement to describe his celebrancy career, his public statements and his ideals. He was appointed a Civil Marriage Celebrant by Attorney-General Lionel Murphy in 1974. They both shared a revulsion at the way secular people were humiliated at the Registry Office civil marriage "ceremony".  At Murphy's suggestion, Messenger became committed to near full-time work as a celebrant. In this profession he sought to progress Murphy's vision.

Campion describes how Messenger became national media spokesperson for the main body of civil celebrants. He is variously described as the "Don of Celebrancy", the "Doyen of Celebrancy", "Pioneer Celebrant" and similar.

Civil funeral celebrants
He was the inaugural president of the original Funeral Celebrants Association of Australia. See also Origin of civil celebrancy in Australia. He was a founder, and is now a life member of the Australian Federation of Civil Celebrants Inc. The citation for life membership acknowledges Messenger as one who "has passionately advocated freedom of choice, standards of service, proper selection and training, and artistic content of ceremonies in response to community need", and as "the founder and inaugural President of the original Funeral Celebrants Association of Australia which established a unique professionalism in non-religious and personally prepared funeral ceremonies."

Messenger's concern for personalized civil funerals led him into a long conflict with Australian funeral directors. Funeral directors often arrange a celebrant for their clients, but may propose low or very low fees either because they regard the celebrant's contribution as unimportant or because they see fees paid to celebrants as being in competition with the fees they might command for their own role in the funeral ceremony. Messenger argued that this was a conflict of interest, and that funeral directors must allow celebrants to receive fees that would enable them to perform to a proper professional standard. In particular, he believed the celebrant's role must include creating, or overseeing the creation of, a well-researched "eulogy" which should involve an appropriate yet reasonably candid account of the main events, concerns, and achievements, of the deceased person's life. This account should reflect, and where necessary should combine and reconcile, the memories of a number of the deceased's close relatives or friends. Messenger saw this as skilled and patient work, and the eulogy as "without question ... the most important part of the ceremony."

The ACCC and the fees for funerals
However his attempts to persuade celebrants to refuse inadequate fees were brought to the attention of the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC). It prosecuted him for breaching Victorian consumer law by attempting to fix the fees which civil celebrants charged for providing funeral services. Messenger claimed that he was not attempting to fix fees, but to bluff the funeral directors into increasing the fixed fee which they had set by collaboration among themselves for many years. Messenger also complained that it was impossible for him as a private citizen and old age pensioner to afford the legal costs required to contest the ACCC's arguments in this complex area of the law.

In 2007, Dally Messenger and the ACCC reached a plea bargain whereby he pleaded guilty to attempting to induce persons to contravene section 45(2)(a)(ii) of the Competition Code of Victoria, and was penalised $46,000 plus his own legal costs of $20,000. This verdict led to protests by several prominent people  who claimed the ACCC had sided with the exploiters rather than the exploited. Messenger and his supporters continue to argue that the public in Australia is ill-served by a system that allows funeral directors so much control over the conditions and remuneration of celebrants.

Same sex marriages
Messenger was also an early and long-term supporter of same-sex marriages, which were finally legalised in Australia in December 2017. By 1979, he offered commitment ceremonies for same-sex couples; and also trained graduates of his ICC to use in their  Monitum the words "Marriage, as most of us understand it in Australia, is the union of two persons", until in 2003 the Attorney-General's Department banned the use of "as most of us understand it" and insisted (until 2018) on "the union of a man and a woman".

Honours
Messenger was made a life member of the Celebrants and Celebrations Network (CCN) on 8 May 2014 in recognition of his services to celebrants. The citation with this life membership calls Messenger "The Don of Celebrancy" and refers to "his unique contribution to the development of civil celebrancy in the Western World."

Spreading Civil Celebrancy beyond Australia
English law had long attempted to give clergy, and especially the clergy  of the Established Church of England priority if not monopoly in solemnizing marriages. Similar rights had gradually been extended to clergy of other denominations; and perfunctory “registry office marriages” were now permitted for non-believers and those divorced persons whom the clergy refused to marry. However, it was a major innovation when, in the 1970s, Attorney-General Murphy created independent civil celebrants who were not bureaucrats but had license to devise and perform ceremonies with substantial and meaningful content.

Messenger regarded registry office staff as legal functionaries, licensed to record and validate marriages, rather than as  authentic creators and providers of ceremonies. To make the distinction clear, he and other reformers introduced the term celebrancy. They insisted that celebrants must be trained in practical skills such as creative writing and effective ceremonial public speaking. Messenger promulgated that to be powerful and effective, such ceremonies had to be framed by the visual and performing arts. Great care had to be taken in creating and choosing the poetry, prose, stories, personal journeys, myths, silences, dance, music and song, as well as the shared meditations, choreography and symbolism which comprised a ceremony.

In these legal and cultural changes, Australia led the way among those nations whose marriage laws were primarily modelled upon Britain’s. Non-bureaucratic civil celebrancy, at least as defined by Messenger and his allies, evolved first in Australia.  Yet it required apostles and advocates before it could spread to other Anglophone or British-influenced countries. Messenger played a pivotal role in this, as did the college of civil celebrancy that he founded in Melbourne. After it began to enroll aspiring civil celebrants from  countries including New Zealand, the USA, and UK,  Messenger changed its name to the International College of Celebrancy, to express its agenda of spreading the concept of celebrancy to other countries.

Civil celebrancy in New Zealand
In the 1990s Dally Messenger was active in spreading the civil celebrancy movement to New Zealand and the UK, countries where it was less well established. He was invited to New Zealand as guest keynote speaker at three annual conventions in the 1990s and in 2000. These were in Christchurch, organised by celebrant Frank Crean on 27 June 1998; in Hamilton, organised by celebrant Yvonne Foreman on 23 July 1999 and in Auckland, organised by celebrant Sherryl Wilson on 27 July 2001.

Celebrant Yvonne Werner records that the New Zealand government recommended Dally Messenger's book, Ceremonies for Today, as a basic text for all their celebrants.

Civil celebrancy in the UK
Celebrant Yvonne Werner also records, "During this same period (the late 1990s) Dally followed up an invitation by Roberto Pravisani and Carol Pool who had established a small group of celebrants in England. He gave a number of lectures and teaching sessions in the UK before returning to Australia."

The Scottish author and celebrant Neil Dorward, acknowledges Messenger's contribution to funeral celebrancy in the UK and refers to him as "the father of civil celebrancy".

Civil celebrancy in the US
In 2000-2002, supported by Gaile and Pat Sarma, Messenger was the key training instructor in establishing civil celebrancy in the US. He gave the launching address to the newly formed Celebrant USA Foundation in New Jersey on 5 June 2002 at the Montclair Library. For two months prior to this, Messenger lived in Montclair, New Jersey, training the first civil celebrants, five of whom, at that stage, had graduated with diplomas from the International College of Celebrancy, including the newly appointed director, Charlotte Eulette.

International College of Celebrancy
In 1995 he established the International College of Celebrancy, and has since been active in endeavouring to achieve "best practice" in civil celebrancy.

In later decades Messenger has often been a critic of bureaucrats in the Australian Attorney-General's department who tried to reduce the training requirements for persons appointed as celebrants, or who wished to train them primarily as marriage-orientated paralegals rather than as skilled in creatively combining the evocative use of language, symbolism, poetry, history, storytelling, music and ritual into powerful ceremony.

Messenger now lives in Melbourne with his wife since 2005, Remi Barclay Messenger (née Barclay, a.k.a. Bosseau).

Books by Dally Messenger III

Ceremonies for Today (1979)
Ceremonies for Today, 1979.

This is a book of model civil celebrant ceremonies, mainly weddings, funerals and namings, together with a collection of quotations and poetry suitable for readings, plus sample vows and other components. It was designed to provide celebrants and their clients with resources from which clients could compose their own personal secular ceremonies.

The book's stated aim was to suggest poetry, music and other artistic components which would lift civil celebrant ceremonies to a level of substance, beauty and meaning that was not generally a part of civil weddings and funerals in the Western world at that time. Messenger sought to help celebrants and their clients find classic poems of quality which could be appreciated by guests when first heard in a ceremony. The book contains poetry and prose from distinguished writers and poets including William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, D.H. Lawrence, Rabindranath Tagore, and Percy Bysse Shelley.

James A. Murray criticised Messenger's ceremonies as "a phenomenon without historical or cultural roots". On the other hand, commentator Dick Gross credits Messenger as recognising the importance of traditional cultural and religious frameworks in composing his "top-selling compendium of civil ceremonies".

Ceremonies and Celebrations (2003)
Ceremonies and Celebrations, 2003.

This is a heavily revised and expanded fifth edition of Ceremonies for Today (1979). This edition expands the range of civil ceremonies to include ceremonies for most of the major milestones of a human life. It is widely acknowledged as the basic text for civil celebrants.

So Mum and Dad have Separated (1981)
So Mum and Dad have Separated, 1981.

This is a book written to assist children of separated parents. It was widely discussed at the time and was recommended to divorcing couples with children by the Family Court of Australia. It was described by reviewers as "easy to read and practical", "positive, reassuring", "in depth and mature" and "very comforting information during the trauma of a parental divorce".

Being a Chum was Fun (1979)
Being a Chum was Fun: The Story of Nicky and Nancy Lee, 1979.

This is a history of pre-war and postwar Melbourne radio and of the famed children's program The Chums of Chatterbox Corner. It chronicles the careers of Kathleen Lindgren (Nancy Lee), Nicky Whitta and Graham Kennedy. Graeme Blundell, who wrote the story of Australian and TV broadcaster Graham Kennedy, refers to Lee and Messenger's book as "priceless".

The Master (1982)
The Master: the Story of H.H. "Dally" Messenger and the Beginning of Australian Rugby League 1982, 1982.

The author claims this was the first published monograph history of the beginnings of rugby league in Australia.

The Master (2007)
The Master: The Life and Times of Dally Messenger, Australia's First Sporting Superstar, 2007.

This book was co-authored with Sean Fagan. It is a revised and re-written version of The Master (1982).

Murphy's Law and the Pursuit of Happiness (2012)
Murphy's Law and the Pursuit of Happiness: A History of the Civil Celebrant Movement, 2007.

As the title implies, this is a semi-autobiographical account of the history of civil celebrancy in Australia since its establishment in 1973 until the turn of the century in 2000. It describes the role of the reform-minded Attorney-General Lionel Murphy who provided the legal framework that inaugurated independent civil celebrancy and helped it progress much faster in Australia than in other English-speaking countries. It praises Murphy for his awareness that the celebrants' grasp of poetry, music, symbolism, storytelling, choreography and ceremony-continuity was more important than legalities.

References

1938 births
20th-century Roman Catholics
Living people
Australian Roman Catholic priests


title: Bruce Muller

text:
Bruce Muller (born 24 February 1989 in Klerksdorp, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player, currently playing with the . His regular position is prop or hooker.

Career

Youth

Muller was selected to represent the  at the 2005 Under-16 Grant Khomo Week and the 2007 Under-18 Craven Week tournaments. In 2010, he played for East Rand side  in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship.

Falcons

He made his senior debut for the  during the 2012 Currie Cup First Division when he was included in the run-on side for their match against the  in a 38–36 victory. He started six matches during the competition (three as a loosehead prop and three as a hooker) and also scored one try in a 52–52 draw at home against the .

Despite not playing in the 2013 Vodacom Cup, he returned for the 2013 Currie Cup First Division to make twelve appearances. He was on the scoreboard once again in their match against the , this time scoring two tries for the home side in a 28–21 victory.

Rustenburg Impala

He joined club side Rustenburg Impala for the 2015 season.

References

South African rugby union players
Living people
1989 births
Rugby union players from Klerksdorp
Rugby union props
Rugby union hookers
Falcons (rugby union) players


title: Burrage v. United States

text:
Burrage v. United States, 571 U.S. 204 (2014), was a United States Supreme Court case in which a unanimous Court held that a defendant cannot be liable for penalty enhancement under the penalty enhancement provision of the Controlled Substances Act unless such use is a but-for cause of the death or injury, at least when the use of a drug distributed by the defendant is not an independently sufficient cause of the victim's death or serious bodily injury.

Background
After an extended drug binge which began on April 14, 2010, involving marijuana, oxycodone (which he stole from a roommate), and heroin, Joshua Banka died on April 15. His wife found his body late that morning; they had purchased heroin together from Marcus Burrage in Story County, Iowa. When police searched their home and vehicle, they found syringes, 0.59 grams of heroin, alprazolam and clonazepam tablets, oxycodone pills, a bottle of hydrocodone, and other drugs.

Burrage pleaded not guilty to a superseding indictment alleging two counts of distributing heroin in violation of . Only one of those offenses, count 2, which alleged that Burrage unlawfully distributed heroin on April 14, 2010, and that "death...resulted from the use of th[at] substance"—thus subjecting Burrage to the 20 year mandatory minimum of , was at issue in the case.

Two medical experts testified at trial regarding the cause of Banka's death. One, a forensic toxicologist, determined that multiple drugs were present but could not say whether Banka would have lived if he had not taken the heroin, though he concluded that the drug was a factor in Banka's death. Another, an Iowa state medical examiner, similarly could not determine whether Banka would have lived had he not taken the heroin, but said that his death would have been much less likely.

Burrage moved for acquittal because Banka's death was not "because of" the heroin (there was no evidence that heroin was a but-for cause of death), but the motion was denied. The district court also declined giving Burrage's proposed jury instructions, including requiring the government to prove that heroin use "was the proximate cause of [Banka’s] death." Instead, the court instructed the jury to determine if "the heroin distributed by [Burrage] was a contributing cause of Joshua Banka's death." The jury convicted him and the court sentenced him to 20 years' imprisonment, consistent with the minimum sentence in the law. The Eighth Circuit affirmed Burrage's convictions.

The Court heard oral argument on November 12, 2013. Angela L. Campbell was appointed by the Court to argue for the petitioner, and Benjamin Horwich, assistant to the Solicitor General, argued for the United States.

Opinion of the Court
Justice Scalia wrote the opinion of the Court.

The Court held that the law considers causation as a hybrid between two constituent parts: actual cause, or cause-in-fact, and legal cause, which is also known as proximate cause. Because the cause-in-fact requirement was not met in this case, the Court did not rule on whether the crime of distribution of drugs causing death required a foreseeability or proximate cause requirement. Instead, the Court focused on the specific text found in , the federal law requiring heightened sentences for drug sales causing death or serious bodily injury. The language in that statute requires that the death “results from” the sale of illegal drugs. Because the deceased in this case was found with multiple drugs in his system, the heroin sold by the defendant could not be considered an independently sufficient cause of death.

Justice Ginsburg's Concurrence
Justice Ginsburg wrote an opinion concurring in the judgment, joined by Justice Sotomayor, objecting to an analogy made in the opinion that compared the "results from" language in drug statutes to similar language found in Title VII's anti-retaliation provision. Citing her dissent in University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar, , she argued that the Court's interpretation of similar language (in that case, "because of") lacked sensitivity to real-life concerns.

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2014 in United States case law
United States controlled substances case law
Story County, Iowa


title: Robert H. Trent

text:
Robert H. Trent (May 22, 1936 – April 5, 2012) was an American politician and mining engineer.

Born in Pittsburg, Kansas, Trent received his bachelor's and master's degrees in mining engineering from University of Utah and his doctorate degree in mining economics from Colorado School of Mines. He was involved in the mining industry and taught at several universities including University of Alaska Fairbanks where he was the dean of the school of mining engineering. In 1993, Trent served briefly in the Wyoming State Senate as a Republican. He died of cancer in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Notes

1936 births
2012 deaths
People from Pittsburg, Kansas
University of Utah alumni
Colorado School of Mines alumni
University of Alaska Fairbanks faculty
American mining engineers
Republican Party Wyoming state senators


title: Hal Ellson

text:
Harold "Hal" Ellson (1910 – October 31, 1994 in Brooklyn) was an American author of pulp fiction whose work primarily focused on juvenile delinquency, a field in which he has been described as "one of the most popular" writers and as "legendary".

Ellson was a social worker, recreational therapist, and nurse's aide at Bellevue Hospital, where he encountered the adolescent psychiatric patients on whom he based much of his fiction; he subsequently stated that many of the patients viewed him as a "father confessor", and eagerly told him their stories while trusting that he would not report them to law enforcement. As a result, Nelson Algren described Ellson's work as "just straight case studies."

Frederic Wertham was an aficionado of Ellson's work, favorably reviewing Ellson's 1949 novel "Duke" in the American Journal of Psychotherapy, and providing an introduction to Ellson's 1950 novel Tomboy; as well, Wertham subsequently cited Tomboy in the first chapter of his own 1954 Seduction of the Innocent.

Mike Shayne Mystery Magazine published reprints of Ellson's short stories such as Walk Away Fast copyright 1956 by Renown Publications, Inc. in its October 1970 issue as well as publishing several of Ellson's original short stories from 1963 to 1981. Ellson's short fiction appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine from 1963 to 1983.

Harlan Ellison cited Ellson's work as having inspired his own interest in juvenile delinquency — an interest which led directly to the writing of Ellison's first novel, Web of the City. Ellison also stated that in the earliest days of his career as a writer, he was often mistaken for Ellson writing under a pseudonym — and that decades later, when Ellison had become much more known and Ellson's career had waned, Ellson was often mistaken for Ellison writing under a pseudonym.

Bibliography
 Duke (1949)
 Tomboy (1950) – adapted by Marcel Carné in Wasteland
 The Golden Spike (1952)
 Rock (1953)
 I'll Fix You (1956)
 Tell Them Nothing (1956)
 This Is It (1956)
 Jailbait Street (1959)
 A Killer's Kiss (1959)
 Stairway to Nowhere (1959)
 The Knife (1961)
 Nest of Fear (1961)
 Nightmare Street (1965)
 Games (1967)
 That Glover Woman (1967)
 Blood on the Ivy (1971)
 "hundreds of short stories"

“Reefer Boy”

References

Pulp fiction writers
1910 births
1994 deaths
20th-century American writers
20th-century American male writers


title: Denis Gibbons

text:
Denis Alfred Gibbons (19322002) was an Australian folk musician, radio announcer and musicologist. He started in radio in 1951 with the Macquarie Radio Network and began recording Australian folk music in 1954. His first albums were released in 1960 and he regularly appeared on Australia's Channel Nine as a lead-in to their news reports. In 1982 he received an Advance Australia award for "his outstanding contribution to Australian Folk Music". He worked as a producer for Radio Australia. He died in 2002

Biography

Denis Gibbons was born in 1932, his father, Alfred Charles Gibbons, was a hotelier. Gibbons grew up in Port Elliot, South Australia, he attended the Sisters of Mercy in Victor Harbour and then Rostrevor College in Adelaide. His early jobs included labouring in Adelaide, selling hardware, managing a bicycle shop, truck driving, working for the PMG and in factories. He started in radio in 1951. While working at 3SR, he was described in August 1953 in Melbourne's  The Argus as a, "cheery breakfast and lunch-time announcer, is starting his own programme soon singing folk songs Burl Ives fashion with guitar." By May 1954 he was compère of Time for a Song at 3AW. In November 1955 he married Joan Carey in Shepparton.

Gibbons debut album, Trads and Anons, was issued in September 1960, which was reviewed by The Australian Women's Weeklys correspondent, "the disc is a cosmopolitan collection of folk songs including the Dutch 'Jan Himmerk', the Irish 'Spinning Wheel', the Australian 'Bold Tommy Payne', 'Dying Stockman', and 'Wild Colonial Boy', the English 'Early One Morning', and the Scottish 'Skye Boat Song'."

Discography

Albums

 Trads and Anons (September 1960)
 1975: Folksongs of Australia – The Struggle For Survival (W&G, double LP)
 ? Folk Songs with Denis Gibbons (W&G)
 1995: Fair Dinkum Matilda (Move)

Extended plays

 1960: Bush Songs (W&G)
 1962: Shearing Songs (W&G)
 1967: Folk Songs from Australia (W&G)

Singles

 "Jamaica Farewell" (1957)
 "Take a Message to Mary" (1959) – (W&G Records) (WG-SL-777)
 "Here Comes Summer" (1959) – W&G Records (WG-SL-814)
 "Along the Old Bush Track" (1959) – W&G Records (WG-SL-841)
 "The Drover's Dream" (1960) – W&G Records (WG-SL-986)
 "Michael (Row the Boat Ashore)" (Denis Gibbons with the Unichords and the Jack Varney 5) (1961) – W&G Records (WG-S-1254)
 "Tina" (Denis Gibbons with the Unichords and the Jack Varney 5) (1962) – W&G Records (WG-S-1301)

References

Australian folk musicians
1932 births
2002 deaths
3AW presenters


title: High Noon (Arkells album)

text:
High Noon is the third full-length studio album by Canadian rock band Arkells. It was announced on May 13, 2014, that the album would be released on August 5, 2014. The album sold 5,200 copies in its first week and debuted at #3 on the Canadian Albums Chart. It is the band's highest position on that chart in their history.
By September 2015, High Noon had sold over 40,000 copies and was certified a Gold Record.

The album is a longlisted nominee for the 2015 Polaris Music Prize.

Track listing
All songs written by Arkells.

Personnel
Arkells

 Max Kerman – lead vocals, guitar
 Micheal DeAngelis – guitar, vocals
 Anthony Carone – keyboards, vocals, strings, arranger
 Nick Dika – bass guitar
 Tim Oxford – drums, percussion

Musicians

 Ernesto Barahona – trombone
 Leland Whitty – tenor saxophone
 Dana Grey – baritone saxophone
 Christine Chesebrough – violin
 Kelly Lefaive – violin
 Emma Vachon-Tweeny – viola
 Igor Saika-Voivod – score, conductor, cello

Technical

 Cameron Lister – recording engineer
 Tony Hoffer – producer, mix engineer
 Eric Ratz – producer, engineer (tracks: 1, 3, 9); mix engineer (tracks: 1, 3, 7, 9)
 Harry Hess – mastering engineer

Art and Management

 Micheal DeAngelis – cover
 Brooks Reynolds – photography
 Tom Sarig – management

References

2014 albums
Arkells albums
Dine Alone Records albums
Universal Music Canada albums
Albums produced by Tony Hoffer
Juno Award for Rock Album of the Year albums


title: Jeroen Lenaers

text:
Jeroen Lenaers (born 29 April 1984) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from the Netherlands. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal, part of the European People's Party.

Lenaers previously worked as a policy assistant to Ria Oomen-Ruijten, then Member of the European Parliament for the CDA.

Early life and education
Lenaers studied European Studies at Maastricht University between 2003 and 2008.

Member of the European Parliament, 2014–present
Lenaers was second on the CDA candidate list for the 2014 European Parliament election. He was elected through preference votes.

A member of the European People's Party Group, Lenaers first served on the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs from 2014 until 2019 before moving to the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. In this capacity, he was the Parliament's rapporteur on legislation creating the European Labour Authority (ELA) in 2019. In 2020, he became his parliamentary group's coordinator on the committee and its spokesperson for justice and home affairs. Also in 2020, he also joined the Special Committee on Foreign Interference in all Democratic Processes in the European Union. Since 2021, he has been part of the Parliament's delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe.

In addition to his committee assignments, Lenaers held the position of vice-chairman of the Parliament's delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from 2014 until 2019. Since 2019, he has been part of the delegations for relations with the Mashreq countries and the delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean. He is also a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights and the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions.

Personal life
Lenaers has a child.

References

External links
Jeroen Lenaers MEP, official site
Page on Parlement.com

1984 births
Living people
People from Weert
Maastricht University alumni
Christian Democratic Appeal MEPs
MEPs for the Netherlands 2014–2019
MEPs for the Netherlands 2019–2024


title: Berkshire Community Foundation

text:
Berkshire Community Foundation(BCF) is an English charity and community foundation which over the past 30 years has made grants totaling over £13 million to more than 3,000 local projects in Berkshire  and raised more than £10 million which is invested in a long term endowment fund.

Berkshire Community Foundation is one of 46 accredited Community Foundations in the UK. These Foundations are all members of the umbrella organisation UK Community Foundations.

HRH Princess Beatrice became patron of BCF on 1 July 2014

In 2011, Berkshire Community Foundation was selected as one of the beneficiaries of the Prince William and Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund

References

Charities based in Berkshire
UK Community Foundations


title: List of Assassination Classroom chapters

text:
Assassination Classroom is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yūsei Matsui. It follows the daily lives of an extremely powerful octopus-like teacher and his students dedicated to the task of assassinating him to prevent Earth from being destroyed.

Individual chapters have been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2012, and are collected into tankōbon volumes published by Shueisha. As of June 2016, twenty volumes have been released in Japan with a circulation of ten million copies. The manga has been licensed by Viz Media for an English language North American release, who released the first volume in December 2014 in both digital and print formats.

Releases

References

Assassination Classroom
Assassination Classroom


title: Sohail Inayatullah

text:
Sohail Inayatullah is a Pakistani-born Australian academic, futures studies researcher and a professor at the Graduate Institute of Futures Studies at Tamkang University in Taipei, Taiwan.

Biography
Born in 1958 in Lahore, Pakistan, to a father who worked as a researcher for the United Nations and a Sufi mother, he grew up in numerous countries including the United States, Switzerland and Malaysia. His  main influences include James Dator, Johan Galtung, William Irwin Thompson and in particular P. R. Sarkar.

Academic contributions
Inayatullah is most famous for introducing and pioneering the futures technique of causal layered analysis, that uses a four-layered approach to bring about transformative change. He introduced the idea in a widely cited paper for Futures. He also edited and wrote the introductory chapter for the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) Reader. He has described the idea for a popular audience in an article for The Futurist and a TEDx talk.

Inayatullah's work on CLA was examined in a book by Jose W. Ramos in 2003. He also invented the method known as, the Futures Triangle,with the Integrated Scenario Method,with Ivana Milojevic and the Change Progression Scenario Method.

Academic positions
In addition to his role at Tamkang University, Inayatullah is the UNESCO Chair in Futures Studies at the Sejahtera Centre for Sustainability and Humanity, IIUM, Malaysia  From 2016 to 2021, he was the UNESCO Chair in Futures Studies at USIM, Malaysia. He was also an adjunct professor at the Centre for Policing, Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism, Macquarie University, Sydney, from 2011 to 2014 and adjunct professor at the University of the Sunshine Coast (Faculty of Social Sciences and the Arts) from 2001 to 2020.

Role in journals and web publications
Inayatullah is co-editor (along with Jian-Bang Deng) of the Journal of Futures Studies, one of the top journals in futures studies. He is also associated editor of New Renaissance and is on the editorial boards of Futures, Journal of Foresight and Thought Leadership, World Futures, Futures and Foresight Science, World Futures Review and foresight

Inayatullah is also the co-founder of educational think tank Metafuture.org along with Dr. Ivana Milojević.

Other affiliations
Inayatullah is a member of the World Future Society and blogs at the Journal of Futures Studies website. He is also a Fellow of the World Futures Studies Federation. He has also voiced his support for the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reform in the United Nations.

References

External links
 Metafuture: Futures Studies by Sohail Inayatullah and Ivana Milojević
 Futures Studies: Theories and Methods
 Sohail Inayatullah's blog, World Future Society (archived in 2016)

Futurologists
Pakistani emigrants to Australia
People from Lahore
Punjabi people
Australian people of Punjabi descent
Academic staff of the University of the Sunshine Coast
Academic staff of Macquarie University
Academic staff of Tamkang University
Australian expatriates in Taiwan
Living people
Australian academics of Pakistani descent
1958 births


title: Who Are the Mind Benders?

text:
Who are the Mind Benders?: The people who rule Britain through control of the mass media is a 1997 publication by Nick Griffin which was printed and distributed by the British National Party. The booklet outlines a Jewish conspiracy whereby Jews control the media in Britain and use this position to brainwash the [white] British population. Griffin claims for instance that Jews are responsible for “providing us with an endless diet of pro-multiracial, pro-homosexual, anti-British trash”.

The booklet is based upon the American neo-Nazi William Pierce's work Who Rules America? and the anti-Semitic forgery the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Who are the Mind Benders? has been criticised for its overtly antisemitic content. Prominent Jews mentioned as forming part of a conspiracy include Alan Yentob, Michael Grade, Jeremy Isaacs and the supposedly part-Jewish Rupert Murdoch.

According to the scholars Nigel Copsey and Graham Macklin, Who are the Mind Benders? was intended to be mailed to thousands of people including "magistrates, local clergymen, sixth-formers, police officers, young journalists and the like". However, few booklets were ever circulated as it fell on party members to bulk purchase copies and identify recipients. Copsey and Macklin also argue that the timing of the publication was also ill-judged as it coincided with the run-up to the 1997 general election when the attention of BNP activists was elsewhere. They wrote that "parts [of the book] were factually inaccurate and the presence of a few hundred Jews working within the media (which employs many thousands) does not in and of itself prove that there is any such conspiracy". Griffin later attempted to distance himself from Mindbenders as he attempted to re-brand the British National Party as a "respectable" modern nationalist party.

References

1997 non-fiction books
Antisemitic publications
British National Party
Propaganda books and pamphlets
Fascist propaganda


title: Carlo Alberto Chiesa

text:
Carlo Alberto Chiesa (1922–1960) was an Italian screenwriter, film editor and director. In 1945 he edited Luchino Visconti's docu-drama Days of Glory. He spent much of his later career directing commercials, his one feature film as director was the 1951 comedy The Two Sergeants (1951).

Selected filmography

Director
 The Two Sergeants (1951)

Editor
 Days of Glory (1945)

Screenwriter
 Songs in the Streets (1950)
 The Two Sergeants (1951)
 The Devil's Cavaliers (1959)

References

External links

1922 births
1960 deaths
20th-century Italian screenwriters
Italian film editors
Italian film directors
Film people from Turin
Italian male screenwriters
Road incident deaths in Italy
20th-century Italian male writers