title: Sammy Lloyd

text:
Geoffrey Lloyd (born 11 September 1951), also known by the nickname of "Sammy" (after his father Samuel "Sammy" Lloyd), is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a  in the 1960s and 1970s.

He played at representative level for Great Britain (non-Test matches) and Yorkshire, and at club level for Castleford and Hull FC as a right-footed round the corner style (rather than toe-end style) goal-kicker.

In 1978, Lloyd was transferred from Castleford to Hull F.C. for a transfer-fee of £12,000 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £106,900 in 2014). In his first home game for the club, he converted 14 goals in a 61–10 victory over Oldham, equalling Jim Kennedy's club record for the most goals scored in a single match. The record was subsequently also equalled by Matt Crowther, who is coincidentally Lloyd's nephew.

Background
Sammy Lloyd's birth was registered in Barkston Ash district, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Playing career

Castleford
Lloyd played , and scored three goals in Castleford's 12–4 victory over Leigh in the 1976 BBC2 Floodlit Trophy Final during the 1976-77 season at Hilton Park, Leigh on Tuesday 14 December 1976.

Lloyd played at , and scored five goals in Castleford's 25–15 victory over Blackpool Borough in the 1976–77 Player's No.6 Trophy Final during the 1976-77 season at The Willows, Salford on Saturday 22 January 1977.

Lloyd played , and scored 5-goals in Castleford's 17–7 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1977 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1977–78 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 15 October 1977.

Hull
Sammy Lloyd played  in Hull FC's 5–10 defeat by Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1980 Challenge Cup Final during the 1979–80 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 3 May 1980, in front of a crowd of 95,000. He also played , and scored four goals in the 14–14 draw with Widnes in the 1982 Challenge Cup Final during the 1981–82 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 1 May 1982, but was replaced by Lee Crooks in the replay.

Representative honours
Sammy Lloyd won caps for Yorkshire while at Castleford, playing  in the 12–12 draw with Cumberland at Whitehaven's stadium on 15 February 1977, and was a substitute in the 18–15 victory over Lancashire at Castleford's stadium on 1 March 1977.

Sammy Lloyd was selected for Great Britain's 1977 Rugby League World Cup squad, he played in a pre-tournament warm-up match, and sustained a knee injury, against New Zealand Māori, at Huntly, New Zealand, consequently he played in none of the World Cup matches, although he did later play in two midweek tour matches against club/county/region/state teams in Townsville, North Queensland and Gosford, New South Wales.

Genealogical information
Sammy Lloyd is the son of Samuel Lloyd and Mary (née Milner, marriage registered during third ¼ 1938 in Tadcaster district), and the younger brother of Malcolm, Melvyn and Nora Lloyd, and older brother of Christine M. Lloyd.

References

External links
Geoff Lloyd Memory Box Search at archive.castigersheritage.com
Sammy Lloyd Memory Box Search at archive.castigersheritage.com

1951 births
Living people
Castleford Tigers players
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Hull F.C. players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Yorkshire
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league wingers
Yorkshire rugby league team players


title: David Finch (rugby league)

text:
David Finch is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played at club level for Castleford (Heritage No. 599) and Oldham (Heritage No. 909), as a , or , i.e. number 2 or 5, 3 or 4, 11 or 12, or 13.

Playing career

County Cup Final appearances
David Finch played left-, i.e. number 11, and scored 2-goals in Castleford's 10-5 victory over Bradford Northern in the 1981 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1981–82 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, on Saturday 3 October 1981.

References

External links
Statistics at orl-heritagetrust.org.uk
David Finch Memory Box Search at archive.castigersheritage.com

Living people
Castleford Tigers players
English rugby league players
Oldham R.L.F.C. players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league centres
Rugby league locks
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league wingers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Simon Middleton

text:
Simon Middleton  (born 2 February 1966) is an English former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s and was the head coach of the England Women's rugby union team from 2015 to 2023.

Playing career
Middleton is a former cross-code wing/full back having played rugby league for Castleford (Heritage № 693) as well as rugby union for a number of clubs including Leeds Tykes, where he took up a coaching role following his retirement from playing.

Coaching career
He spent 11 years at Leeds holding various coaching roles including defence, skills and eventually assistant coach, and helped them to the Premiership twice as well as achieve Heineken Cup qualification for the first time in their history. He joined the RFU in 2014 and led the England Women Sevens on the World Series, as well as taking a role as assistant coach for the 2014 Rugby World Cup in France where England were crowned champions. In 2015, he became Red Roses head coach initially in a joint role with sevens. He was appointed head coach of Team GB Women Sevens where the team finished fourth at the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics, the sport’s Olympic debut, before focusing fully on XVs on his return. Since taking the role, Middleton has guided England to three Six Nations Grand Slams in 2017, 2019 and 2020, the 2021 Six Nations title and helped the team reach a fifth straight World Cup final in 2017 when they lost 41-32.

Middleton was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to rugby football.

Personal life
Middleton is married to Janet. They have two children, Joel and Cara.

References

External links
Statistics at rugbyleagueproject.org
(archived by web.archive.org) Profile at thecastlefordtigers.co.uk

1966 births
Living people
Olympic coaches for Great Britain
Castleford Tigers players
Coaches of international rugby sevens teams
English rugby league players
English rugby union players
English rugby union coaches
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Rugby league players from Wakefield
Rugby league wingers
Rugby union players from Wakefield
England women's national rugby union team
Coaches at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Knottingley
Coaches of international rugby union teams
Leeds Tykes coaches


title: Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

text:
The Twentieth Amendment Bill to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں بیسویں ترمیم) was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on  February 14, 2012. It was then moved to upper house, Senate where it was passed on February 20, 2012 and signed by the President on February 28, 2012.

Amendments
The amendments were done in Article 48, Article 214, Article 215, Article 216,  Article 218, Article 219, Article 224, Article 224A, and to the Second & Third Schedule to the Constitution of Pakistan. It has set down a process to install a caretaker set-up and hold free and fair elections and matters related to the office of Chief Election Commissioner and Member of Election Commission.
The amendment reduced the number of committees at provinces for appointing caretaker chief ministers and their cabinets.
It requires to constitute an eight-member committee each at the Center and the Provinces to nominate the prime minister and the chief ministers respectively and their cabinets.
If the constituted committees failed to evolve consensus on a caretaker set-up within three days, the matter would be referred to the ECP for appointing the Care taker Prime Minister and Chief Ministers.
The Amendment now requires the Chief Justice of Pakistan to administer oath of the new Chief Election Commissioner (CEC), who will then administer the oath to newly appointed members of the Election Commission.
The amendment requires to follow the same procedure for extension in the tenure of members of ECP as specified for the Chief Election Commissioner, Similarly the procedure to remove an ECP Member would be same as the removal of Chief Election Commissioner.
Member of the ECP is now required to send his resignation to the President.
Under the amendment the provision of not holding an office of profit will now also apply to the members of ECP like the Chief Election Commissioner.

See also
Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization
Separation of powers
Nawaz Sharif
Benazir Bhutto
Pervez Musharraf
Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan

References

External links
Full-text of the Twentieth Amendment

01


title: Jiyo Kaka

text:
Jiyo Kaka () is a 2011 Indian Bengali
comedy film directed by debutant Parambrata Chattopadhyay, the renowned film actor.

Cast
 Abhiraj
 Rahul
 Saswata Chattopadhyay
 Koushik Ganguly
 Rituparna Sengupta
 Rudranil Ghosh
 Rana Basu Thakur
 Anindya Ghosh

Soundtrack
The Jiyo Kaka soundtrack's music director is Neel Dutt, Rupam Islam, Chandrabindoo (band) and the lyrics penned by  Srijato.

References

2011 films
2011 comedy-drama films
Bengali-language Indian films
2010s Bengali-language films
Films set in Kolkata
Indian comedy films


title: Caledonia River

text:
The Caledonia River is a perennial river of the West Gippsland catchment, located in the Alpine region of the Australian state of Victoria.

Features and location
The Caledonia River rises below Minogues Lookout within the Snowy Range of the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally south then south by west and then south, joined by the five tributaries including the Caledonia River East Branch (which is also joined by the Caledonia River Middle Branch), before reaching its confluence with the Macalister River, near The Sisters, in the Shire of Wellington. The river descends  over its  course.

See also

Rivers of Victoria

References

External links

West Gippsland catchment
Rivers of Gippsland (region)
Victorian Alps


title: Hyperdimension Neptunia (video game)

text:
is a 2010 role-playing video game developed by Idea Factory and published by Compile Heart in Japan, NIS America in North America and Tecmo Koei in Europe exclusively for Sony's PlayStation 3. It is the first installment in the Hyperdimension Neptunia franchise, and is followed by Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk2. The game is a take on the seventh generation era "console war" among the three major home video game consoles: PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii.

Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1, a complete remake of the game for the PlayStation Vita, was released on October 31, 2013, in Japan, and in August 2014 in North America and Europe. Re;Birth1 was later released on Microsoft Windows and distributed via Steam.  Neptunia ReVerse is a remake for the PlayStation 5 that was released in December 2020 in Japan, and in June 2021 in North America and Europe.  It adds new features such as Arrange mode allowing any of the playable characters to be used from the start.

The game received positive reviews in Japan, while reception was more negative elsewhere.

Gameplay

This game is in essence a story-based adventure game, in the sense that much of the game is spent reading the on-screen text, as in a visual novel. However, the game also features 3D-style dungeon exploration, similar to recent Final Fantasy titles since Final Fantasy XIII. Like most modern turn-based role-playing games, the dungeons feature random encounters, treasure chests, and various obstacles. These obstacles can be cleared by utilizing the various unique dungeon skills each character of Neptune's party has.

During battle, the current turn for characters and enemies are displayed at the top right, as well as upcoming turns. When it is Neptune's turn or any other supporting character's turn, they are given a set amount of AP (Ability Points), which determines how many moves they can make. Each different move consumes a set amount of AP. There is a Sword move, which has the character slash an enemy with their weapon, a Gun move, which has the character shoot the enemy with their weapon (or in Neptune and IF's case, a gun), a Physical move, which has the character go straight up to an enemy and punch and kick them, and the Defend command, which consumes no AP, but puts the character in a defending state and ends their turn.

When using a Gun move, the circle next to the Combo Counter on the right displays your current bullet. When the game starts, you will have a default bullet. However, as the game progresses, Neptune and the party will obtain other types of bullets, and you can switch between them during combat with the shoulder buttons. Different bullet types usually have special effects or elemental powers.

Each enemy has a GP gauge, as well as an HP gauge. When that enemy is attacked, the GP gauge will decrease. When the gauge is empty, Guard Break mode will activate. During this time, that enemy will receive more damage than usual until the GP gauge refills.

What sets this game apart from other RPGs is the Game Disc System, which allows Neptune and company to perform various special actions through special combos, accessible and editable through the pause menu. Neptune can summon characters from classic video games by initiating the combo assigned to that game disc, and it will inflict higher than normal damage. Neptune can also activate a transformation state, which is called HDD (Hard Drive Divinity). This transforms Neptune into a much more powerful state, and she will gain access to two additional moves, both of which deal massive damage. Although the default transformation is Purple Heart, Neptune can also install other game discs to change her transformation. Finally, she can also use the game discs to summon an image, which appears on-screen, then inflicts higher than normal damage on the opponent. Although the default image is blank, one can change the image by using pictures in the PlayStation 3 photo library.

While a player is viewing the region screen, you can shop for additional weapons and accessories, transfer to another region through a dungeon excursion, view any side quests, and enter dungeons.

Plot

Setting
The game takes place in the world of , which is divided into four regions: Planeptune, Lastation, Lowee, and Leanbox. Each region is completely different from the others, and has a Basilicom where the citizens worship their country's goddess, also known as the Console Patron Units, or simply CPU.

Story
The player takes on the role of the main protagonist Neptune, one of four goddesses who is involved in a long series of conflicts known as the Console War. After an incident where Neptune is defeated following a one on three battle with the other goddesses, she loses consciousness and begins dreaming. Upon waking, she finds herself at Compa's house having crash landed earlier in front. Neptune reveals that she can't remember anything up to that point, which leads Compa to believe that Neptune is suffering from amnesia. After hearing from Compa that monsters have begun to run loose, Neptune decides to go hunt them along with Compa. During her first hunt, she suddenly transforms into her HDD form, Purple Heart, and defeats a large monster. Eventually the two meet IF, who explains that she is looking for treasure, and Neptune invites IF to join their party. After clearing another dungeon full of monsters, the party heads to the Basilicom to gain permission to travel to other landmasses to fight more monsters.

Ending
The game features three endings, which are the Normal Ending, Bad Ending and True Ending. Under the former two endings, the Console War doesn't technically end. There was a ceasefire if one or two of the other CPUs were recruited to stop the main enemy, Arfoire, but no armistice took place afterwards. There are two possible endings after the fight. If the requirements for the True Ending are fulfilled after Arfoire is defeated, the following events lead up to the end of the Console War.

Development and release

The game's name is derived from the scrapped Sega Neptune which combined the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and Sega 32X into one unit, originally scheduled for release in 1994 or 1995 before the project was dropped after the release of the Sega Saturn.

Nao from 5pb. Records performed the opening song of the game. The theme of the game,  was released on a single album, along with the song "Sincerely". Both songs are available on the album Prismatic Infinity Carat.

Hyperdimension Neptunia was shown at a closed door event during the Game Developers Conference 2010 in March 2010. The game was released on August 19, 2010, in Japan, in North America on February 15, 2011, in Europe on March 4, 2011, and in Australia on March 31, 2011.

Various different types of downloadable content (DLC) exist for Hyperdimension Neptunia, including character, quest, and item downloads. In total, $98 of DLC was released for the game in the United States.

Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth1

, developed by Felistella and released for the PlayStation Vita and Microsoft Windows, is a full recreation of the original Hyperdimension Neptunia, bringing with it a very different take on the original core scenario, optimized performance, reworked script and voice acting, and an all-new feature dubbed the "remake system", which unlocks special game modifications such as new dungeons and in-battle perks. The remake also have some elements based on and borrowed from the then latest main game, Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory, such as the visual interface, soundtrack, map design and core gameplay mechanics. Some characters from the original game were removed, such as Gust, Nisa, 5pb. and Red, whilst new characters were added, including the CPU candidates and another series of characters representing game developer companies; Plutia and Peashy from Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory, in addition to Histoire, are playable as DLC characters.

Similarly to Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory, the battles feature a visible bar known as the "EXE drive gauge", with up to 4 stages that fills during battles within the same dungeon. Specific character abilities known as "EXE abilities" can be performed once the required gauge level is met. In addition, characters can execute "EXE finisher" attacks at the end of a combo, depending on the gauge level.

The original continent travel system involving getting through dungeons, then named "Terraportation", has been scrapped in favor of a world map screen similar to that of Hyperdimension Neptunia mk2, and the dungeon maps are based on a style reminiscent to that of Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory. During the development phase, the enhanced Vita version was intended to fill in what were identified as flaws and shortcomings of the original game. Developers aimed to address the concerns of fans, and features of the earlier PS3 version that were often subject to criticism, such as character interactions, game performance and the music, were totally changed and improved in the remake. The game's intro song is Miracle Portable Mission by nao and the ending song is Mirai Button by Afilia Saga.

Unlike the first four games in the series published by NIS America, a western localization was published by Idea Factory International and it was released on August 26, 2014, in North America, while the European version came out the following day.

An enhanced port for PlayStation 4, titled  was announced on February 6, 2018, by Compile Heart in one of the interviews for the Dengeki PlayStation magazine. It included Dengekiko, a character in the series, as a playable character. The port launched on May 31, 2018, in Japan for 5,800 yen for the standard edition and 7,800 yen for the limited edition. An enhanced port of that enhanced port titled Neptunia Re★Verse (known as Go! Go! 5 Jigen Game Neptune: re★Verse in Japan) for PlayStation 5 was announced in August 2020, with pre-orders including a download code for a port of Neptunia Shooter. It was released on December 17, 2020, in Japan, and released on June 8, 2021, and June 11, 2021, in North America and Europe, respectively.

Reception

Hyperdimension Neptunia

The original version received favourable reviews in Japan. GameWatch notes that the gameplay is interesting and the parody aspects of the game have its appeals, although the colourfulness of the characters might suppress the plot.

However, it was panned in the West. It received an aggregated score of 45/100 on Metacritic based on 31 reviews.  Eurogamer gave it a 2/10, stating that it is "a sexist, senseless, and ultimately stupid cultural curio."GameSpot gave the game a 3/10, criticizing mostly the oversexualized character design and "truly awful music". On the other hand, IGN gave the game a 6/10, praising its decent length and lack of need for level grinding, but criticizing the game's easiness and music.

Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 1

The PlayStation Vita remake Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth 1 sold 31,811 physical retail copies within its first week of release in Japan. Famitsu gave Re;Birth 1 a review score of 33/40.

In the West, it received mixed reviews. Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the remake 69/100 based on 16 reviews, and the Microsoft Windows version 72/100 based on 4 reviews.

Hardcore Gamer gave the western release of Hyperdimension Neptunia Re;Birth a 4 out of 5 rating, referring to it as a significant improvement over its predecessor on the PS3, while effectively fitting a console RPG into a portable game. IGN Italy scored the game 7.4/10, referring to it as a "cheerful, alluring and pleasant" title for fans of the genre. Technology Tell gave a rating of A, referring to the game as one of the best RPG titles on the Vita alongside Persona 4 Golden, while GameZone praised the game's mechanics and new changes, giving a score of 8.5 out of 10. Just Push Start, RPG Site and Push Square all gave review scores of 8/10, noting that the improved visuals provide no framerate issues and that the game features solid Japanese and English voice acting, while Battle Screen rated the game a 7.5/10, referring to it as the best Neptunia title to date. General consensus among western reviewers is that the Vita remake improves over the flaws within the original PS3 title.

References

External links
  at NIS America
  at Compile Heart
  at Idea Factory
  at Compile Heart

2010 video games
Compile Heart games
Hyperdimension Neptunia games
Japanese role-playing video games
Nippon Ichi Software games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
PlayStation Vita games
Science fantasy video games
Sega video games
Video games about amnesia
Video games featuring female protagonists
Windows games
PhyreEngine games
Single-player video games
Koei Tecmo games
Video games developed in Japan
Felistella games


title: Steam infusion

text:
Steam Infusion is a direct-contact heating process in which steam condenses on the surface of a pumpable food product. Its primary use is for the gentle and rapid heating of a variety of food ingredients and products including milk, cream, soymilk, ketchup, soups and sauces.

Unlike steam injection and traditional vesselled steam heating; the steam infusion process surrounds the liquid food product with steam as opposed to passing steam through the liquid.

Steam Infusion allows food product to be cooked, mixed and pumped within a single unit, often removing the need for multiple stages of processing.

History
Steam infusion was first used in pasteurization and has since been developed for further liquid heating applications.

First generation
In the 1960s APV PLC launched the first steam infusion system under the Palarisator brand name. This involves a 2-stage process for steam infusion whereby the liquid is cascaded into a large pressurized steam chamber and is sterilized when falling as film or droplets through the chamber. The liquid is then condensed at the chilled bottom of the chamber. Illustrated in the image on the right hand side of the page.

Second generation

The Steam Infusion process was first developed in 2000 by Pursuit Dynamics PLC as a method for marine propulsion. The process has since been developed to be used for applications in brewing, food and beverages, public health and safety, bioenergy, industrial licensing, and waste treatment worldwide. On the right a diagram shows how the process creates an environment of vaporised product surrounded by high energy steam. The supersonic steam flow entrains and vaporises the process flow to form a multiphase flow, which heats the suspended particles by surface conduction and condensation. The condensation of the steam causes the process flow to return to a liquid state. This causes rapid and uniform heating over the unit making it applicable to industrial cooking processes. This process has been used in industry, predominantly in soup and sauces applications. Its possible benefits include reduced cooking times, easier cleaning with no burn-on, ingredient reduction and energy savings.

The Pursuit Dynamics PLC food and beverage business was sold to Olympus Automation Ltd. in April 2013.

In 2013, Pursuit Dynamics PLC, following significant financial losses, was acquired by Gaming Realms plc, in a reverse merger transaction.

Applications

Pasteurization

Steam infusion can be used to pasteurize a variety of dairy products. For ultra pasteurization, also known as ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) pasteurization, the milk is heated to temperatures in the order of 140 °C. During steam infusion, milk is brought into contact with steam at 140 °C for one or two seconds. The heating is instantaneous, and the milk is cooled rapidly by evaporative cooling exposure to a slight vacuum, removing any water added to the milk by condensation of the steam.

Cooking

Steam infusion is used in cooking applications on fluid based products. The heat addition on particulate level in a low pressure environment makes steam infusion cooking especially applicable to soups and sauces where particle integrity is important. Steam Infusion has shown the potential to improve the nutritional content of food and is being researched by the University of Lincoln

References

Food science
Industrial processes


title: Winds of Chance

text:
Winds of Chance is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and produced and released by First National Pictures.

Plot
As described in a film magazine reviews, when Pierce Phillips finds he has no money to meet the government’s requirements in seeking gold, he works as a packer of supplies for other adventure seekers. He meets and falls in love with the Countess Courteau. When he asks her to be his wife, he finds she has a husband. He joins a traveling show, one member of which, Laure, has fallen in love with him. She becomes hostile when he pays his attentions to Rouletta, daughter of the gambler. Laure conspires with Count Courteau, who has returned and who now believes that Phillips is his wife’s lover. Phillips then works in the trading post, weighing the gold dust of the miners. He is charged with short-changing Courteau and arrested. The Countess pretends reconciliation with her husband in  order to get the proof of Phillips’ innocence and threatens to expose him and have him driven out unless he confesses to the police. On his way to do so he is killed by one of the McCaskeys, who flee across the border. ’Poleon Doret, who has befriended Phillips, pursues with a police officer, and captures one of the brothers, proving Phillips’ innocence of the charge of murder which had been placed against him. ’Poleon and Rouletta, whom he had also  befriended, get married, leaving the way open for Phillips and the Countess to follow their example.

Cast

Preservation
Print of Winds of Chance are located at the UCLA Film and Television Archives, George Eastman House, and National Archives of Canada (at Ottawa).

See also
Trail of '98 (1928)

References

External links

Lantern slide
Stills and articles at dorothysebastian.com

1925 films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Frank Lloyd
1925 drama films
1920s adventure drama films
First National Pictures films
Films based on works by Rex Beach
English-language adventure drama films
1920s American films
Silent American adventure drama films
1920s English-language films


title: Volodymyr Zastavnyi

text:
Volodymyr Andriyovych Zastavnyi (; born 2 September 1990) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as defender for Polish club Resovia.

Career
Zastavnyi is a product of two Lviv Oblast youth sportive schools. In February 2014 he signed contract with Moldavian Dacia Chișinău.

Honours
Cosmos Nowotaniec
 IV liga Subcarpathia: 2022–23

References

External links

1990 births
Footballers from Lviv
Ukrainian men's footballers
Living people
FC Hoverla Uzhhorod players
FC Lviv players
FC Zimbru Chișinău players
FC Dacia Chișinău players
FC Rukh Lviv players
FC Karpaty Lviv players
Resovia (football) players
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Men's association football defenders
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ukrainian First League players
Ukrainian Second League players
IV liga players


title: Deadly Soma

text:
Deadly Soma is a 2005 Kannada biographical crime film written and directed by Ravi Srivatsa. The film is based on the real life incidents of an infamous underworld don, Deadly Soma. The film stars Aditya in the title role and  Rakshita. Tara, Devaraj and Avinash play other pivotal roles.

The film featured an original score and soundtrack composed by Sadhu Kokila. The film, upon release, received a positive response from both critics and audience and was subsequently remade in Telugu as Nandeeswarudu (2012). It was also released in Hindi as Ek Aur Aathank.

A sequel film Deadly-2 was made by the director and lead actor and released in 2010 which could not match the success level to this film.

Cast

 Aditya as Somashekara
 Rakshita as Jyothi
 Devaraj
 Tara
 Kishore
 Avinash
 Vijay
 Shobhraj as Babaraj
 Kote Prabhakar
 Bullet Prakash
 Girija Lokesh

Plot
This film is based on the real-life story of a young man from a well-civilized family who takes the criminal route due to unavoidable circumstances.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Sadhu Kokila.

Reception
A critic from Deccan Herald wrote that "The director tells the story through a tight screenplay and a realistic narrative technique". A critic from Sify wrote that "On the whole a gory, violent and obnoxious film".

Sequel
The film has a sequel Deadly-2 (2010).

References

2005 films
2000s Kannada-language films
2000s crime action films
Indian crime action films
Indian biographical films
Indian films based on actual events
Kannada films remade in other languages
Biographical action films
Indian gangster films
2000s biographical films
Biographical films about gangsters


title: Angry Birds Stella

text:
Angry Birds Stella, also known as Angry Birds Slingshot Stella, was a puzzle video game and the second spin-off from the Angry Birds series, developed by Rovio Entertainment. Announced on February 13, 2014, Rovio stated that the game would be accompanied by a toy-line with Telepods, and a television series. The game was released on September 4, 2014 and was discontinued on September 8, 2015 later on.

This game is based on an Angry Birds character who was first introduced in the Angry Birds Seasons level set "Back to School", which was released in August 2012.   It begins with Stella leaving the rest of the Angry Birds flock and setting off to Golden Island to visit four other friends for vacation.  However, Gale and an army of pigs steal Stella's map of Golden Island and her photo album, which leads Stella and her friends to embark on a journey to stop Gale from stealing the golden items on the island and retrieve the pictures in the photo album.

Gameplay
Just as in the original game of the series, players use a slingshot to shoot an assortment of birds to nearby structures, with an intent to pop all the green pigs that can be either near, in, or on the structures.  Players must also make use of each bird's unique abilities, activating them at strategic places and times while in flight to aid in defeating the pigs or destroying obstacles.

The December 2014 update, New Pigs on the Block, added a storyline that features Stella and her friends in their treehouse looking for their house's missing items that were stolen by the pigs. They must complete random levels to retrieve the items.

Characters
Stella: The main protagonist, a feisty galah who can parkour to shake things up. Playable from the start.
Poppy: A young Lutino Cockatiel who can instantly drop down from mid-air, smashing obstacles along the way. Introduced in Level 12.
Luca: A young male california scrub jay with a ranged sonic attack that will destroy any fragile objects. Introduced in Level 23.
Willow: A young western crowned pigeon who can blast through obstacles with a sharp change in direction. Introduced in Level 34.
Dahlia: A young long-eared owl who can phase through solid obstacles, before unleashing a destructive blast. Introduced in Level 47.
Gale: A violet-backed starling and the game's main antagonist, ruling over the pigs. By unlocking the "Beach Day" chapter, the player can acquire a power-up for Gale: a paintbrush that can turn objects to gold (Gale's weakness), causing Gale to witness this and destroy all the gold-painted objects.
Handsome Pig: A blonde-haired pig and the secondary antagonist, who is Gale's right-hand man. He is shown in the last level of each chapter.

Telepods
This is the third game of the franchise to be compatible with Hasbro's Telepods, a toy line also used in other Angry Birds games, such as Angry Birds Star Wars II. The Telepods are able to summon characters into the game that correspond to the scanned figure.  Other than this use, the Telepods pack may come with other toy pieces and accessories for normal playing.

Stella in other media

Television
Rovio announced an animated series based on the game, with the first episode released on November 1, 2014 on ToonsTV, named Angry Birds Stella. The first episode was "A Fork in the Friendship", that shows how Gale, Stella's former best friend and queen of the pigs on Golden Island, separated from Stella and her other friends.  The series lasted for two seasons, ending just a few months before the release of the feature film based on the main Angry Birds series.

Books
Rovio has partnered with Worldreader and Room to Read, two literacy charities, to produce a series of books featuring its Angry Birds Stella characters.

Stella also appears in some issues in various Angry Birds comic book series and short story collections.

Stella, along with Poppy, Luca, Willow, Dahlia and Gale was featured in a manga story published in the Nakayoshi magazine not long after the game was released, titled Stella: Nana and the Magic English Words, which however ended in April 2016.  Belgian publisher Le Lombard later released a two-volume comic book series based on the spin-off in 2015 and 2017 exclusively in mainland Europe, first in France, before they were translated in Czech, Dutch, Spanish and German.

Willow appears on the front cover of Angry Birds Comics Quarterly: Monsters and Mistletoe, released on December 13, 2017. Although she does not appear in any of the issue's four stories, this marks the first time any of Stella's friends have ever appeared in an English-language Angry Birds comic book.  More than a month later, Gale appeared in one issue in the year-long The Angry Birds Movie comic strip run, published by GoComics.

Film
Stella and all of her friends, except Luca, appear in the animated Angry Birds film adaptations with fully visibly wings and talons, as well as Gale, the spin-off's main antagonist.  However, they play very small, mostly non-speaking roles in these films.  As both films show that Stella's friends all lived in Bird Island in the first place, and that Gale was always a benevolent friend, they effectively retcon out the spin-off's plot and setting.
 In The Angry Birds Movie, Kate McKinnon voices Stella, and Charli XCX voices Willow, while Maya Rudolph voiced Poppy for one scene without being credited.  Stella and her friends put together a welcome celebration for the Bad Piggies when they first arrived.  After the Pigs turned on the Birds and stole their eggs, Stella and Willow joined Red's effort to launch a counterattack on the Pigs and take back the stolen eggs, with the former being launched from the slingshot into Pig City.
 Stella and most of her friends also appear in The Angry Birds Movie 2, but none of the voice actresses who portrayed some of them in the first film reprise their roles.  Stella is seen running an apple stand at the time, while Dahlia, Gale and Willow are later seen taking part in a speed dating session, with Dahlia and Willow being suitors to Chuck and Bomb respectively in a rare moment in Angry Birds history where any of Stella's friends have a face-to-face encounter with birds from the classic Angry Birds flock.  Gale and Dahlia are also enrolled in Avian Academy, unimpressed with Silver's invention, the Super String, despite the latter's knack for science in the source material. Willow and Poppy both witnessed the destruction of Mighty Eagle's mountain cave, caused from an attack from Zeta, the film's main antagonist.  Stella, Poppy, Willow and Dahlia later attended the wedding of Mighty Eagle and Zeta after the latter is defeated.

Music
Willow, voiced by Charli XCX, sings the song "Explode", while performing with Stella and most of her friends as part of a welcome celebration for the pigs in The Angry Birds Movie.  The full song is available on the film's soundtrack, and was also released online as a free YouTube video by the soundtrack's distributor, Atlantic Records.

Reception

The game has received generally mixed reviews with a Metacritic score of 66/100 based on 9 reviews. Pocket Gamer said, "It's Angry Birds. If you care about that any more then you'll probably find something to enjoy. Just watch out for the timers." Some reviewers have praised the game for its introduction of new characters and return to the original style of gameplay.

Discontinuation
After the release of Angry Birds Stella, a third, unnamed chapter was teased at the end of the game's second chapter, but it was cancelled, and the game was discontinued on September 8, 2015 (thus leaving the game's storyline off on a cliffhanger). However, Stella's adventures continue in Angry Birds POP! and the second and final season of the Angry Birds Stella series.

Other games
 Stella and her friends also appeared in Angry Birds Stella POP!, a bubble shooter tile matching game.  The game was soft launched for iOS in Canada on December 22, 2014 and released worldwide for iOS and Android on March 12, 2015.  A few months later, however, on July 6, 2015, the game was retitled Angry Birds Pop as classic Angry Birds characters crossed over into the game, making it the first and only one in the series to have both classic Angry Birds heroes and Stella's friends together.
 Stella, Willow and Gale were also planned to appear in Angry Birds Holiday, an endless business management simulator where birds as they appear in The Angry Birds Movie would run a vacation resort and offer services to incoming pigs, but the game was cancelled by the end of 2016.
 After Stella was added as a non-playable character to the 2018 game Angry Birds Dream Blast, her friends made a cameo appearance in the Christmas 2019 event "Holiday Gathering", where they were all invited by Mighty Eagle along with the entire original flock except Hal, Bubbles and Terence, to a banquet for a holiday celebration.  For a limited time, players were challenged to complete an increasing number of levels to invite each Bird to the banquet.  All of the Birds are depicted as younger versions of themselves as they appeared in the animated films.

See also

List of Angry Birds Stella episodes

References

External links

2014 video games
Video games developed in Finland
Puzzle video games
Angry Birds spin-offs
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
BlackBerry 10 games
Stella
Video games featuring female protagonists
Windows Phone games
Rovio Entertainment games
Products and services discontinued in 2015
Delisted digital-only games


title: Imre Rietveld

text:
Imre Rietveld is a retired Dutch-born Danish badminton player who won six French Open titles between 1963 and 1967.

In 1967 she married Knud Aage Nielsen, a Danish badminton player. After that she competed for Denmark as Imre Rietveld Nielsen or Imre Nielsen, winning the Belgian International and Denmark Open in 1969, as well as a silver medal at the 1970 European Badminton Championships.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Dutch female badminton players
Danish female badminton players


title: Organization of the Chinese Communist Party

text:
The organization of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is based upon the Leninist concept of democratic centralism.

Mechanisms and regulations
In May 2013, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issued a resolution on which bodies were empowered to draft, approve, publish, amend and abolish party regulations, making it the first party document since 1921 (when the party was founded) on how to regulate party life. Gu Su, a constitutional law professor from Nanjing University, believed it was "a significant step by the new leadership to introduce rule of law into the management of party members amid a legitimacy crisis due to widespread abuse of power and corruption".

Inner-party democracy

History
It has been the party's policy since the 8th Central Committee (1956–1969) to democratize the CCP, and by 1994 the goal was to promote people's democracy by developing inner-party democracy. The meaning of democracy in CCP parlance has its basis in Vladimir Lenin's concept of democratic centralism. From its establishment in 1921 to it seizing power in 1949, the CCP was in effect continuously at war, and the centralizing element of democratic centralism became the basis on how the party was ruled. However, with its rise to power, members began to demand the democratization of the party. The 8th Central Committee, elected by the 8th National Congress, promulgated an 8-point resolution in 1956;

First, the CCP must without exception implement the principle of collective leadership and expand internal party democracy. Second, the principle of democratic centralism was defined as democracy under the guidance (rather than under the leadership) of centralism and the essence of democratic centralism is democracy rather than centralism. Third, all the business of the 8th Central Committee was made public. Fourth, there should be no idolatry. Fifth, the CCP should have regular deputies to Party congresses. Sixth, a strict and effective supervision mechanism within the CCP should be established. Seventh, the CCP should explore fixed terms of appointment (rather than lifelong terms). Eighth, the CCP should protect and expand the democratic rights of members."

However, these points were not implemented under Mao Zedong, in most parts because of the Cultural Revolution in which the CCP returned to the norm of issuing policy on the basis of centralism. However, with the end of the Cultural Revolution and the death of Mao Zedong, the party began looking in on itself, reflecting on the ills which had manifested themselves under its guidance. The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee was the first to dwell on these issues. In 1980, Deng Xiaoping published "On the Reform of the System of Party and State Leadership", in which he criticized the party's emphasis on unified leadership which, he believed, had led to power concentration in the hands of a few persons. In practice this was made even worse because executive committees at all levels concentrated all power, and this power was then re-concentrated in the hands of the head or heads of the committee. He then concluded that because of the unified leadership system thought, most decisions were taken by all-powerful individuals (more often than not first secretaries) rather than by the party. The 6th Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee endorsed these views. This stance was mentioned again in the Political Report to the 13th National Congress (held in 1987), in which it was stated that developing democracy within the party was a feasible project to develop socialism. The 14th Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee became the CCP's first endorsement of developing intra-party democracy so as to develop people's democracy. This line has continued to this day. The Political Report to the 16th National Congress stated that strengthening the democratic character of the party was a "life and death issue" for the party (without more democracy the CCP would face the same fate as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU). The party has made it clear, with announcements from both party and state organs, that the policy of strengthening the party's democratic character will continue.

Practice

Rule of law

National Congress

The National Congress is the party's supreme organ, and is held every fifth year (in the past there were long intervals between congresses, but since the 9th National Congress in 1969, congresses have been held regularly). According to the party's constitution, a congress may not be postponed except "under extraordinary circumstances". A congress may be held before the given date if the Central Committee so decides, or if "one third of the party organizations at the provincial level so request". Under Mao, the delegates to congresses were appointed; however, since 1982 the congress delegates have been elected, due to the decision that there must be more candidates than seats. At the 15th National Congress in 1997, for instance, several princelings (the sons or daughters of powerful CCP officials) failed to be elected to the 15th Central Committee; among them were Chen Yuan, Wang Jun and Bo Xilai. The elections are carried out through secret ballots. Despite this, certain seats are not subject to elections; instead, the outgoing Central Committee "recommends" certain choices to the party electorate. These figures are mostly high-ranking members of the party leadership or special guests. For instance, at the 15th National Congress, 60 seats were given to members who had joined the CCP before 1927, and some were given to the outgoing members of the 15th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) and the 15th Central Committee.

The party constitution gives the National Congress six responsibilities: (1) electing the party's Central Committee; (2) electing the CCDI; (3) to examining the report of the outgoing Central Committee; (4) examining the report of the outgoing CCDI; (5) discussing and enacting party policies; and (6)  revising the party's constitution. However, the delegates rarely discuss issues in length at the National Congresses; most discussion takes place before the congress, in the preparation period.

Constitution

According to the CCP-published book Concise History of the Communist Party of China, the party's first constitution was adopted at the 1st National Congress. Since then several constitutions have been written, such as the second constitution, adopted at the 7th National Congress. The constitution regulates party life, and the CCDI is responsible for supervising the party to ensure that it is followed. The constitution currently in force was adopted at the 12th National Congress. It has many affinities with the state constitution, and they are generally amended either at party congresses or shortly thereafter. The preamble of the state constitution is largely copied from the "General Program" (the preamble) of the party constitution.

Central Committee

The Central Committee is empowered by the party constitution to enact policies in the periods between party congresses. A Central Committee is de jure elected by a party Congress, but in reality its membership is chosen by the central party leadership. The authority of the Central Committee has increased in recent years, with the leaders rarely, if ever, going against Central Committee, which often occurred during the early years of the People's Republic. The Central Committee is required to meet at least once every year;    however, in the early years of the People's Republic there were several years when it did not convene at all; 1951–53, 1960, 1963–65, 1967, 1971, 1974 and 1976.

While the Central Committee is the highest organ in the periods between party congresses, few resolutions cite its name. Instead, the majority of party resolutions refer to the "Party Centre" (Dangzhongyang), an indirect way of protecting the powers of, and resolutions produced by, the Politburo, the Politburo Standing Committee and the General Secretary. This method shields the central party leadership from lower-level bodies, reducing accountability, as lower levels can never be sure which body produced which resolution. In contrast to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), the CCP Central Committee does not have the power to remove general secretaries or other leading officials, despite the fact that the party constitution grants it those rights. When the CPV dismissed its General Secretary Do Muoi, it convened a special session of its Central Committee, and when it chose its new general secretary, it convened another Central Committee plenum. In contrast, in China, when the CCP dismissed Hu Yaobang (in 1987) and Zhao Ziyang in 1989, the Politburo, not the Central Committee, convened a special session. Not only did the meeting itself break constitutional practices, since the CCP constitution clearly states that a Central Committee session must be called, but the meeting included several party veterans who were neither formal members of the Politburo nor of the Central Committee. In short, the CCP Central Committee, in contrast to the CPV Central Committee, is responsible to the higher bodies of the party (the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee), while in Vietnam the higher bodies are accountable to the Central Committee.

Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is responsible for monitoring and punishing CCP cadres who abuse power, are corrupt or in general commit wrongdoing. CCDI organs exist at every level of the party hierarchy. The CCDI is the successor to the Control Commission, abolished in 1968 at the height of the Cultural Revolution. Although the CCDI was originally designed to restore party morale and discipline, it has taken over many of the functions of the former Control Commission. The CCDI is elected by the National Congress, held every fifth year.

Bodies of the Central Committee

General Secretary

At the party's founding in 1921, Chen Duxiu was elected as the party leader, holding the position of Secretary of the Central Bureau.  As the party expanded, the title changed several times over the next 3 years, until in 1925 the title General Secretary was introduced. The term General Secretary continued in general use until 1943, when Mao Zedong was elected as Chairman of the Politburo. In 1945, Mao was elected Chairman of the CCP Central Committee, the title he held for the rest of his life. The office of General Secretary was revived in 1956 at the 8th National Congress, to replace the office of CCP Secretary-General, but it functioned as a lesser office, responsible to the office of the CCP Chairman. At a party meeting in 1959, Mao explained the relationship between the CCP Chairman and the CCP General Secretary as follows: "As Chairman, I am the commander; as General Secretary, Deng Xiaoping is deputy commander."

The office of CCP Chairman was abolished in 1982, and replaced with that of CCP General Secretary. According to the party constitution, the General Secretary must be a member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), and is responsible for convening meetings of the PSC and the Politburo, while also presiding over the work of the Secretariat.

The party's leader holds the offices of General Secretary (responsible for civilian party duties), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (responsible for military affairs) and state president (a largely ceremonial position); in the recent past, the party leader has first been elected General Secretary and then later been appointed to the other two offices. Through these posts the party leader is the country's paramount leader.

Politburo

The Politburo of the Central Committee "exercises the functions and powers of the Central Committee when a plenum is not in session". It is formally elected at the first plenary meeting of each newly elected Central Committee. In reality, however, Politburo membership is decided by the central party leadership. During his rule, Mao controlled the composition of the Politburo himself. The Politburo was de facto the highest organ of power until the 8th National Congress, when the PSC was established. The powers given to the PSC came at the expense of the Politburo. The Politburo meets at least once a month. The CCP General Secretary is responsible for convening the Politburo.

Since 2003, the Politburo has delivered a work report to every Central Committee plenum, further cementing the Politburo's status as accountable to the Central Committee. Also, from the 16th National Congress onwards, the CCP has reported on meetings of the Politburo, the PSC and its study sessions. However, the reports do not contain all the information discussed at the meetings; the end of the reports usually notes that "other matters" were also discussed at the meeting.

In the Politburo, decisions are reached through consensus, not through votes. In certain cases, straw votes are used to see how many members support or oppose a certain case (these straw votes do not necessarily affect the ultimate decision). Every member has the right to participate in the collective discussion. The CCP General Secretary convenes the Politburo and sets the agenda for the meeting. Each Politburo member is told of the agenda beforehand and is delivered briefing materials by the General Secretary on the agenda matters. The first person to speak at the meeting is the member who proposed the agenda. After that, those who know about the subject, or whose work is directly related to it, may speak. Then those who doubt or oppose the agenda proposal speak. Lastly, the General Secretary speaks and usually supports the agenda proposal, as he supported tabling it for discussion in the first place. When the General Secretary is finished speaking, he calls for a vote. If the vote is unanimous or nearly so, it may be accepted; if the vote is nearly unanimous, but members who directly work in the area discussed oppose it, the issue will be postponed. When the Politburo enacts a decision without all the members' agreement, the other members usually try to convince their opponents. In many ways, the CCP Politburo's policy decision-making is very similar to that of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Nikita Khrushchev's removal.

Politburo Standing Committee

The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) is the highest organ of the Communist Party when neither the Politburo, the Central Committee, nor the National Congress are in session. It convenes at least once a week. It was established at the 8th National Congress, in 1958, to take over the policy-making role formerly assumed by the Secretariat. The PSC is the highest decision-making body of the Communist Party, though since Hu Jintao's term as General Secretary there is some evidence to suggest a greater role for the collective consultation of the entire Politburo. Despite formal rules stating that a PSC member must serve a term in the Politburo before advancing to the PSC, this rule has been breached twice, first in 1992 when Hu Jintao was appointed to PSC, and again in 2007 when Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang were appointed to it.

Even though the PSC is officially said to be accountable to the Central Committee, in practice, the PSC supersedes the Central Committee and is superior to it. For example, there is no known instance for which the Central Committee has reversed a decision by the PSC. Moreover, many important decisions in party history were made by the PSC alone, such as the decision to invoke martial law during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. The membership of the PSC has historically varied between 5 and 11 members, and usually consist an odd number of people to avoid tie-breaking votes. The way by which membership has been determined has varied widely throughout history, from direct personal appointment by the party leader to extremely lengthy consultations with retired and existing party leaders.

Secretariat

The Secretariat of the Central Committee is headed by the General Secretary and is responsible for supervising the central party organizations: departments, commissions, newspapers, etc. It is also responsible for implementing the decisions of the Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. The Secretariat was abolished in 1966 and its formal functions taken over by the Central Office of Management, but it was reestablished in 1980. To be appointed to the Secretariat, a person has to be nominated by the Politburo Standing Committee; the nomination must be approved by the Central Committee.

Central Military Commission

The Central Military Commission (CMC) is elected by the Central Committee, and is responsible for the PLA. The position of CMC Chairman is one of the most powerful in China, and the CMC Chairman must concurrently serve as CCP General Secretary. Unlike the collective leadership ideal of other party organs, the CMC Chairman acts as commander-in-chief with the right to appoint or dismiss top military officers as he pleases. The CMC Chairman can deploy troops, controls the country's nuclear weapons, and allocates the budget. The promotion or transfer of officers above the divisional level must be validated by the CMC Chairman's signature.

In theory, the CMC Chairman is under the responsibility of the Central Committee, but in practice, he reports only to the paramount leader. This is in many ways due to Mao, who did not want other Politburo members to involve themselves in military affairs. As he put it, "the Politburo's realm is state affairs, the CMC's is military". This state of things has continued until today. The CMC has controlled the PLA through three organs since 1937: the General Staff Department, the General Political Department and the General Logistics Department. A fourth organ, the General Armaments Department, was established in 1998.

General Office

The General Office of the Central Committee is commonly known as the nerve center of the CCP. It acts as the primary day-to-day administrative body of the Central Committee, responsible for communication and drafting party documents. For instance, it handles classified documents and information from party organs nationwide. It additionally oversees the Central Security Bureau (CSB), responsible for the security of top party leaders.

Functional Departments
A Functional Department () is a body of the CCP that is tasked with a certain aspect of work by the Central Committee. There are currently six departments:

 Central Organization Department (COD) — Established in 1921, functioning like the Organizational Bureau (Orgburo) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). At the beginning, the COD was principally occupied with creating files on the party's members, to see if they were committed communists or not. According to analyst Richard McGregor, "The Central Organisation Department is [the CCP's] third and least-known pillar of power". The COD is responsible for personnel appointments throughout the CCP.
 Central Publicity Department (CPD) — Controls news and information to the Chinese public. It functions to protect the interest of the CCP on the basis of the party line and the ideological concept of the Four Cardinal Principles.
 United Front Work Department (UFWD) — Responsible for increasing the party's support base outside its direct purview, in the business community and civil organizations, including eight officially recognized non-Communist political parties.
 International Liaison Department (ILD) — The CCP's "foreign affairs ministry", responsible for relations with foreign parties as well as for gathering foreign intelligence. During the Cold War, the ILD fought for domination in the global communist movement against the CPSU's International Department, but with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, its responsibilities have widened to include foreign relations with all types of parties: communists, socialists, liberals, etc.
 Social Work Department (SWD) — Established in 2023, the department will oversee "social work".
 Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (CPLC)  — Oversees political and legal affairs. Additionally, it oversees the legal enforcement system in the country.

Coordination Organizations
These commissions are tasked with policy formulation and implementation, led by high-ranking officials within the CCP.

 Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission
 Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission
 Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
 Central Financial Work Commission
 Central Financial Commission
 Central Foreign Affairs Commission
 Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization — Responsible for party ideology.
 Central Institutional Organization Commission
 Central Military-civilian Fusion Development Committee
 Central National Security Commission — The Central National Security Commission (CNSC) was established at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee (held in 2013). It has been established to "co-ordinate security strategies across various departments, including intelligence, the military, foreign affairs and the police in order to cope with growing challenges to stability at home and abroad."

Administrative Organizations
Offices of commissions and leading groups handle the daily affairs of the parent bodies. There are officially ten administrative organizations () under the Central Committee.
 Central Policy Research Office (CPRO) — Responsible for researching issues of significant interest to the central party leadership.
 Central Hong Kong and Macau Work Office —The general office of the Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs. Externally known as the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council.
 Central Taiwan Work Office (CTWO) —The general office of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs (CLGTA), responsible for preparing agendas for its meetings, coordinating paper flow and communicating with other organs on the CLGTA's behalf. Externally known as the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council.
 Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission  — Externally known as the Cyberspace Administration of China.
 Office of the Central Military-civilian Fusion Development Committee
 Office of the Central National Security Commission
 Office of the Central Financial Commission
 Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission
 Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission
 Office of the Central Institutional Organization Commission

Leading Small Groups

A Leading Small Group (), also translated as a "Central Leading Group", is a ad hoc body of the Chinese state charged with decision-making on major functional issue areas. They operate effectively as interagency executive committees, cutting across the government, party, and military systems. Major LSGs cover issues such as national security, foreign affairs, Taiwan affairs, Hong Kong and Macao, propaganda and ideology, and financial and economic matters. Some of the LSGs include:

 Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
 Central Leading Group for Military Reform
 Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture
 Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
 Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

Institutions directly under the Central Committee

 Central Party School (CPI) — Provides political training and ideological indoctrination in communist thought for high-ranking CCP cadres and rising CCP cadres. It publishes the theoretical magazines Seeking Truth from Facts and Study Times.
 Party History Research Centre (PHSC) — Established in 1980 to set priorities for scholarly research in universities, the Academy of Social Science and the Central Party School.
 People's Daily — One of the most recognized Chinese media outlets, the newspaper functions as the print media of first instance for the central party leadership in its communication with the general public.
 Qiushi — Official theoretical journal of the CCP.
 Guangming Daily — One of China's largest media outlets.
 China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong — Cadre school located in Pudong, Shanghai
 China Executive Leadership Academy in Jinggangshan — Cadre school located in Jinggangshan, Ji'an, Jiangxi.
 China Executive Leadership Academy in Yan'an — Cadre school located in Yan'an, Shaanxi
 Central Institute of Socialism — A united front political school operated by the CCP.

Lower-level organizations
CCP committees exist at the level of provinces; autonomous regions; municipalities directly under the central government; cities divided into districts; autonomous prefectures; counties (banner); autonomous counties; cities not divided into districts; and municipal districts. Party committees also exist at the neighborhood level and even within landlord and property management organizations. These committees are elected by party congresses (at their own level). Local party congresses are supposed to be held every fifth year, but under extraordinary circumstances they may be held earlier or postponed. However that decision must be approved by the next higher level of the local party committee. The number of delegates and the procedures for their election are decided by the local party committee, but must also have the approval of the next higher party committee.

Private sector
Party organizations are tasked by the CCP with implementing party principles and policies within the enterprise and ensuring compliance with state laws and regulations.

Under the 1993 PRC Company Law, all firms with three or more CCP members must establish a party committee. However, this requirement was lightly enforced until 2012 when the CCP began strengthening party committee in private companies.

Under Xi Jinping, CCP committees have become increasingly prevalent in the private sector, in both Chinese companies as well as foreign owned companies. In 2018, the percentage of private businesses with these Party branches reached 48.3%; only 27.4% of private businesses had a party committee in 2002. Ninety-two percent of the largest Chinese companies have CCP committees.

In September 2020, the CCP announced that it would strengthen united front work in the private sector by establishing more party committees in regional federations of industry and commerce (FIC), and by arranging a special liaison between FICs and the CCP.

In July 2022, HSBC became the first foreign lender to open a CCP committee in its Chinese investment banking subsidiary, HSBC Qianhai Securities.

In addition to increasing the number of Party organizations, the CCP has concurrently attempted to raise its influence over management decisions since 2012. This effort includes integrating party members into company management and decision-making processes. This expansion is altering traditional understandings of corporate autonomy and governance.

Furthermore, the CCP is pushing for a "modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics" that involves inserting Party building provisions directly into corporate charters. These provisions give the internal party organization a say in management decisions and ensure key CCP members hold positions in company management or on the board. This system was initially applied to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) but is now extending to private enterprises.

The CCP's efforts to promote Party organizations in the private sector have led to concerns from foreign entities. European trade groups resisted attempts by their SOE joint venture partners to incorporate Party organizations into company charters in 2017. In May 2018, the US-China Business Council reported that some SOE joint ventures requested foreign partners to amend their articles of association to support CCP groups and even allow party organizations to approve critical matters before presenting them to the board. A 2018 analysis by the European Commission highlighted the potential significant influence of party organizations in both SOEs and private companies, enabling the CCP to directly impact business decisions.

Members

Probationary period, rights and duties

To join the party an applicant must be 18 years of age, and must spend a year as a probationary member. In contrast to the past, when emphasis was placed on the applicants' ideological criteria, the current CCP stresses technical and educational qualifications. However, applicants and members are expected to be both "red and expert". To become a probationary member, two current CCP members must recommend the applicant to the local party leadership. The recommending members must acquaint themselves with the applicants, and be aware of the "applicant's ideology, character, personnel records and work performance" while teaching them about the party's program and constitution, as well as the duties and responsibilities of members. To this end, the recommending members must write a report to the local party leadership, reporting their opinion that the applicant is either qualified or unqualified for membership. To become a probationary member, the applicant must take an admission oath before the party flag. The relevant CCP organization is responsible for observing and educating probationary members. Probationary members have duties similar to those of full members, with the exception that they may not vote in party elections nor stand for election.

Before 1949, joining the CCP was a matter of personal commitment to the communist cause. After 1949, people joined to gain good government jobs or access to universities, which were then limited to CCP members. Many joined the CCP through the Communist Youth League. Under Jiang Zemin, private entrepreneurs were allowed to become party members.

In 2023, Chen Wenqing of the CCP's Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission directed party cadres and committees at all levels to "attach great importance to, concern themselves with, and support covert front work."

Demographics of the party
, individuals who identify as farmers, herdsmen and fishermen make up 26 million members; members identifying as workers totalled 6.7 million. Another group, the "Managing, professional and technical staff in enterprises and public institutions", made up 15.9 million, 11.3 million identified as working in administrative staff and 7.8 million described themselves as party cadres. By 2022, CCP membership had become more educated, younger, and less blue-collar than previously, with 54.7% of party members having a college degree or above. , around 30 to 35 percent of Chinese entrepreneurs are or have been a party member. At the end of 2022, the CCP stated that it has approximately 7.46 million ethnic minority members or 7.6% of the party.

Communist Youth League

The Communist Youth League (CYL) is the CCP's youth wing, and the largest mass organization for youth in China. To join, an applicant has to be between the ages of 14 and 28. It controls and supervises Young Pioneers, a youth organization for children below the age of 14. The organizational structure of CYL is an exact copy of the CCP's; the highest body is the National Congress, followed by the Central Committee, Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. However, the Central Committee (and all central organs) of the CYL work under the guidance of the CCP central leadership. Therefore, in a peculiar situation, CYL bodies are both responsible to higher bodies within CYL and the CCP, a distinct organization. As of the 17th National Congress (held in 2013), CYL has 89 million members.

See also
 Cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party

References

Citations

Sources
 Articles & journal entries

 Books


title: Solactive

text:
Solactive is a German provider of financial indices based in Frankfurt. The company develops, calculates, and markets cost-efficient indices over several asset classes, including equity, fixed-income, and commodity indices. Solactive also engages in the development and branding of complex strategies, which are not based on traditional underlyings such as stocks and bonds, but instruments like funds, life insurance products, or basket of currencies.

Since its inception in 2007, Solactive has enjoyed fast growth. In 2010, there were 25 ETFs linked to indices calculated by Solactive, which reached more than 450 ETFs in October 2019. To date, Solactive calculates over 11.000 indices, which are used not only for ETFs but also as underlyings for structured products or as benchmarks for active funds.

With its headquarter in Frankfurt, Solactive also has further German offices in Berlin and Dresden. In 2017, the first overseas office was established in Toronto, followed by an establishment of an office in Hong Kong in 2018, ensuring coverage of all time zones for the company’s global client base.

Solactive has adopted a forward-looking approach to index development seeking to capitalize on market movements and trends to constantly bring new index ideas to the market and has put in place an efficient indexing infrastructure guaranteeing fast and flexible services to its clients.

Managed by Steffen Scheuble (CEO), Timo Pfeiffer (CMO), Alexander Steiner (CIO), and Felix Kanz (CTO), Solactive is organized in two business units Index Management and Product Development.

Products
Solactive offers two approaches to index development. On the one hand, the company creates Solactive branded indices, such as the Solactive Smart City Index or the Solactive eGaming Index.

On the other hand, Solactive offers white-label index calculation services. There, Solactive calculates indices, which are then marketed and distributed by the customer under its brand name. Examples include indices such as the BNP Paribas Global Agribusiness Total Return Index or the J.P. Morgan ERP Dividend Yield Long Index. This service includes the index calculation and administration. Solactive achieved its registration as a Benchmark Administrator with the BaFin in 2019, which enables the administration of benchmarks under the Benchmark Regulation in Europe.

In addition to client-specific indices, Solactive is also offering broad benchmark indices in the equity and bond space, such as the Solactive US Broad Market Index. In May 2018, Solactive decided to expand its benchmark offering by introducing its proprietary Global Benchmark Series (GBS) with a consistent approach to construct global stock market indices. The index family includes around 2,000 equity indices, covering developed and emerging markets based on the Solactive Country Classification Framework.

Solactive offers a broad range of customized indices ranging from traditional capitalization-weighted indices, including equity and fixed-income benchmarks, to thematic strategies and smart beta indices. Solactive is very engaged in offering its clients a wide number of alternative weighting schemes for its indices that are based on various criteria such as, among others, equal weighting, fundamental weighting, volatility features, and dividend yield weighting. Furthermore, Solactive shows high flexibility when it comes to incorporating features like optimizations, currency hedges, or other calculation parameters.

Indices are rules-based and offer investors exposure to different markets accounting for specific criteria. For instance, within the field of ESG (Environment, Social, Government) investing, fuelled by global efforts to reduce climate change, Solactive has launched, among others. the Solactive Green Bond Index and the Solactive ISS ESG Beyond Plastic Waste Index.

In addition to the traditional indexing business, Solactive also offers a range of services to ETF issuers, including the calculation of the iNAV or IOPV and the production of a PCF (Portfolio Composition File).

Solactive is working with over 450 international clients. Clients are for example financial institutions, such as ETF providers and investment banks. Examples:

  Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
  BNP Paribas
  Deutsche Bank
  Amundi
  Global X Funds
  KraneShares
  Societe Generale
  Van Eck Global
  Royal Bank of Canada
  Royal Bank of Scotland
  UBS
  JPMorgan Chase
  Morgan Stanley
  UniCredit
  Credit Suisse
  Commerzbank
  Goldman Sachs

History
 In October 2007, the company was created under the name Structured Solutions
 In June 2008, BNP launched an ETF based on an index calculated by the company
 In August 2010, 25 ETFs with over USD 5 billion are linked to indices calculated by Solactive
 In October 2011, launch of the first ETF linked to a bond index calculated by Solactive
 In May 2012, release of the Solactive Guru Index, used for a Global X ETF
 In July 2013, the company was rebranded as Solactive
 In March 2014, launch of the Solactive Green Bond Index
 In December 2014, Solactive had 170 exchanged traded funds, with over USD 25 billion linked to indices it calculates
 In December 2015, 200 ETFs were linked to indices calculated by Solactive
 In January 2016, Solactive enters the ESG benchmark business
 In March 2016, Solactive ranked third in the US in terms of ETFs tied to its calculated indices
 In December 2016 Solactive enters the ESG benchmark business
 In January 2017, 250 ETFs globally linked to indices calculated by Solactive
 In July 2017, opening of Solactive Americas, the first overseas branch office located in Toronto
 In January 2018, more than 350 ETFs linked to indices calculated by Solactive
 In October 2018, Solactive established its second international business entity, located in Hong Kong
In April 2019, Solactive achieved registration as benchmark administrator under the European Benchmarks Regulation (BMR) with the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin)
In May 2019, Solactive announced that it has made a strategic investment in Minerva Analytics Ltd, the ESG research firm and proxy voting agency
 In October 2019, more than 450 ETFs linked to indices calculated by Solactive

See also
 Stock market index
 Exchange-traded fund
 Structured products

References

External links
 Official website
 Official Youtube Page

Financial services companies of Germany
Companies based in Frankfurt


title: Phillip Mitchell

text:
Leroy Phillip Mitchell (born June 27, 1944), often credited as Prince Phillip Mitchell, is an American R&B singer, songwriter, and record producer.  He wrote "Starting All Over Again" for Mel and Tim, and "It Hurts So Good" and "Leftovers", which were both hits for Millie Jackson, as well as having some success in the 1970s and 1980s as a solo singer.

Life and career
Mitchell was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and began singing when at school.  After first learning trumpet, he taught himself to play guitar and piano, and started writing songs at an early age.  He became lead singer in a local group, the Checkmates, who first recorded in 1961, before he left to join another group, the Cash Registers, who had previously been led by Alvin Cash.  They performed in Indianapolis, where Mitchell acquired the nickname "Prince" Phillip, but he was then drafted into the military.  He was soon discharged on medical grounds, and became the lead singer for another Indianapolis group, the Moonlighters, before joining a musical revue touring the southern States.  On reaching Muscle Shoals, Mitchell left the revue and signed as a performer with Rick Hall's Fame record label.  However, his recordings were not released at the time, and he then recorded unsuccessfully with producer Huey Meaux in Houston, Texas.  Next, he moved to Los Angeles, where he became a member of vocal and dance group the Bean Brothers, so named for their height – Mitchell is  tall.

In 1969 he returned to Muscle Shoals, where he signed a contract as a songwriter with the Muscle Shoals Sound label run by Roger Hawkins and Barry Beckett of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section.  While there, he wrote "It Hurts So Good", first recorded by Katie Love in 1971 and later a hit for both Millie Jackson and (as "Hurt So Good") Susan Cadogan. Mitchell recorded for the Shout label, including the single "Free For All", and began writing songs for Stax Records.  His most successful was "Starting All Over Again", originally written for Sam and Dave but recorded instead by Mel and Tim, whose version was a Billboard chart hit in 1972.

Mitchell signed with Hi Records in 1971, recording several further singles, some of which were produced by the unrelated Willie Mitchell and others by Phillip Mitchell himself.  Phillip Mitchell also worked as a producer with Archie Bell and the Drells, and Curtis Wiggins, as well as continuing to write songs for Millie Jackson, including several on her breakthrough albums Caught Up (1974) and Still Caught Up (1975).  Jackson's producer, Brad Shapiro, also produced Mitchell's single "There's Another in My Life", which became his first hit as a performer when released on the Event label, a subsidiary of Spring Records. The single reached no.58 on the R&B chart in 1975. Mitchell also wrote "A Star in the Ghetto", recorded by the Average White Band with Ben E. King, and wrote songs recorded by Bobby Womack, Joe Simon and Candi Staton.

By 1977 Mitchell was back performing in Louisville, when he was contacted by jazz musician Norman Connors; Mitchell wrote and sang on Connors' hit "Once I've Been There", and toured with Connors.  As a result, Mitchell was signed by Atlantic Records and had several chart singles with the label, the most successful being "One On One" which reached no.32 on the R&B chart in 1978.  Credited as Prince Phillip Mitchell, he also released two self-produced albums on Atlantic, Make It Good (1978) which was recorded in California, and Top of the Line (1979), recorded at Muscle Shoals.  Both albums featured his own songs.

"After I Cry Tonight", written by Mitchell, was recorded and released by the soul-funk band Lanier & Co. In 1982, the single reached No. 26 on the R&B chart and No. 48 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

After his Atlantic contract expired, Mitchell then left the music business for several years, before returning on the Ichiban label in 1986 with the album Devastation, which produced the minor R&B chart hit "You're Gonna Come Back To Love".  However, a follow-up album, Loner, was not issued until 1991.  He later performed on tour in the UK and Europe, and established his own recording company, 3rd Dynasty Records, in Louisville.

A compilation album of some of his recordings and songs recorded by other performers, Something New To Do: The Phillip Mitchell Songbook, was issued by Ace Records in 2004.

References

External links

 An in-depth feature on Prince Phillip Mitchell at Soul Express, part 1
 Feature at Soul Express, part 2, Prince Phillip Mitchell – The Songwriter 1970–76
 Feature at Soul Express, part 3, Prince Phillip Mitchell – The Singer 1977–2016

1944 births
Living people
African-American male songwriters
Record producers from Kentucky
Musicians from Louisville, Kentucky
Singers from Kentucky
Songwriters from Kentucky
20th-century African-American male singers


title: Acidomonas methanolica

text:
Acidomonas methanolica is an acidophilic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium from the genus Acidomonas, which was isolated from septic methanol yeast in East Germany. Acidomonas methanolica is the only known species from the genus Acidomonas.

References

External links
Type strain of Acidomonas methanolica at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Rhodospirillales
Bacteria described in 1989


title: Bruno Verner

text:
Bruno Verner (born 1971 in Belo Horizonte) is a Brazilian composer, poet, electronic musician, performance artist and compiler, best known for his work as the other half of Brazilian tropical punk funk duo Tetine which he formed with Eliete Mejorado in São Paulo in 1995.

Early life
Verner was born in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. His mother worked as a primary school teacher and his father was a pianist. He studied music at Fundação de Educação Artística (FEA) in Belo Horizonte where he developed an avid interest in contemporary music and the avant-garde, becoming a young composer of electronic music at the age of 17. His piece "Casamento" for 2 sequencers, synthesiser and a sculpture was performed at Ciclo de Música Contemporânea in a programme dedicated to emerging young composers.

1980s
Verner was an active member of Belo Horizonte's post punk and industrial scene from the mid 1980s as a musician, poet, performer and producer, having played alongside a number of pioneering post punk acts. Over a period spanning from 1985-1990, he sang, played keyboards and bass guitar and programmed drum machines in Brazilian post punk bands such R. Mutt, Divergencia Socialista, Ida & e Os Voltas, O Grito Mudo, and Albania Berg -  electronic and experimental groups from his hometown.

His early work is compiled in cassette tapes and compilations such as Lilith Lunaire, Divergencia Socialista, R. Mutt (R. Mutt), Mulata Urbana (O Grito Mudo), Jovens Raptados (Ida & Os Voltas) Substance (Marcelo Dolabela & Divergencia Socialista)'s. Verner early tracks with Divergencia Socialista,  Tetine, and O Grito Mudo are also included in the compilation Uncorrupted Tropical Wave, 1984-2011 (Slum Dunk 2011).

1990 – 2000

In 1990 Bruno Verner moved to São Paulo to study Linguistics at Universidade de São Paulo (USP)and music at Universidade Livre de Musica (ULM). In the early 1990s he founded the performance group Um Ou Nao.

As a poet and musician, he also conceived and wrote a number of experimental performances involving an unorthodox use of text, sound, improvisation and visuals from 1991 to 1994. From this period pieces such as I Dada Happening Interdisciplinar, Pressupostos A Uma Sintaxe Sensorial, and O UM were presented in art spaces, underground clubs, bookshops and small cinemas around São Paulo. In 1991 he won the literary prize Projeto Nascente from Universidade de Sao Paulo, and later published a book of poetry called O UM on Atelier Editorial.

In 1994 Verner met Eliete Mejorado while producing the soundtrack for the performance piece Roberto Zucco at Teatro Oficina. Eliete and Bruno soon found themselves creating a radical blend of atonalism, industrial goth, punk and noise improvising with a drum machine, an old piano, altered voices, a VCR and slide projectors. Both artists approach to sound, voice and improvisation were very similar resulting in the creation of a one-off art performance that they later called Tetine.

In 1995 Tetine was officially born with Alexander’s Grave - a multi-media performance for voice, piano, electronics and projections shown at Bexiga's underground 70-seat cinema space Teatro HAU in São Paulo, and also the title of Tetine's first album. Alexandre's Grave which was released on his own record label, High School Records. It marks the beginning of a series of works Verner and Mejorado would later perform or exhibit as Tetine.

Verner produced and released electronic music, post punk and funk carioca albums on several record labels including Soul Jazz Records, Mr Bongo, Kute Bash, Bizarre Music, Collete, and Mais Um Discos. He also starred in several of Tetine’s videos directed by his partner Eliete Mejorado. With Tetine he put out video compilations, curated exhibitions such as Tropical Punk, COMA, and organised music and film programmes such as The Politics Of Self Indulgence. In 1997 Verner wrote the original score for the dance piece Creme by choreographer Adriana Banana of Ur=Hor and formerly of Companhia de Dança Burra.

Also in 1997, Verner, Eliete Mejorado and Ricardo Muniz Fernandes create a project called BABEL, curating the entire programme of the now legendary intervention festival that took place in an abandoned petrol station in Pinheiros, São Paulo owned by SESC SP. BABEL brought to São Paulo a series of radical performances and works by artists such as Orlan, Karen Finley, Lindy Annis, Teatro Oficina, Laura De Vison, Kazuo Ono, Cabelo, Marta Neves, Fernando Cardoso, Carlinhos, Claudio Cretti, Adriana Galinare, and Individual Industry amongst many other artists. BABEL had a daily programme of performances, concerts and exhibitions Monday to Sunday for two weeks, and admission for the all the program was free.  It received an considerable amount of Brazilian media attention at the time, in particular from the newspaper Folha De São Paulo.

In 1998 Bruno Verner and Eliete Mejorado presented Eletrobrecht and Musica De Amor at 12 Festival Videobrasil. Also in 1998 Verner and Mejorado were invited to curate the music segment of Mundao at Sesc Santo Amaro bringing to Brazil for the first time Diamanda Galas, Marianne Faithfull and John Cale for special performances in São Paulo. Other artists included Cibo Matto and a number of local artists.

2000 – 2009
In January 2000, Bruno Verner and Eliete Mejorado become resident artists at Queen Mary University in London, establishing themselves in the UK. At Queen Mary University of London, Bruno gave workshops on performance, music and sound manipulation to students of the Drama and Performance department, and later created Living Room - an autobiographical spoken word piece for electronics presented at the university’s Harold Pinter Theatre. Living Room also took part of East End Collaborations Platform - a collaboration between the Live Art Development Agency and Queen Mary University showing emerging artists working with Live Art.

In 2000 Bruno Verner was awarded the full scholarship Bolsa Apartes/CAPES from the Brazilian government to complete a MA in Performing Arts at Middlesex University, London. In 2002 he collaborates with French artist Sophie Calle writing and producing the electronic music album Samba De Monalisa - Tetine Vs Sophie Calle. The album was part of Sulphur Records collection Meld - a series of audio pieces produced in collaboration between two artists released on Robin Rimbauld (Scanner)’s label. Other titles from Meld include DJ Spook, Scanner, and Stephen Vittielo, amongst others. In the same year Verner and Mejorado co-curated a film programme and performance night with late British artist/curator Ian White at Whitechapel Gallery entitled The Politics Of Self Indulgence including films by Taka Limura, Chicks on Speed, Tetine, Marina Abramović, and Chilly Gonzales, and debuting their Samba de Monalisa performance live at Whitechapel.

In 2002 Verner and Mejorado fell in love with a new scene of female MC’s of Funk Carioca (Baile Funk) from Rio de Janeiro and began broadcasting a weekly radio show called Slum Dunk on Resonance FM entirely dedicated to the genre, the first time Funk Carioca is played in Europe. After hundreds of radio shows spanning different periods of the genre, including a series of live interviews with Djs, MCs and people involved in the scene, in 2004, Verner and Mejorado compiled the pioneering mixtape Slum Dunk Presents Funk Carioca mixed by Tetine, released on Mr Bongo Records. They also released an original blend of queer funk carioca in an album entitled Bonde Do Tetao on Bizarre Music in São Paulo. Slum Dunk Presents Funk Carioca was critically acclaimed in Europe and the United States and influenced a new generation of DJs and producers, including M.I.A and Diplo -  who were then beginning to experiment with Funk Carioca more or less at the same time. Tetine's Slum Dunk radio show was responsible for bringing Funk Carioca – the intense lo-down Miami-bass driven sound from Rio’s favela parties – within London’s cultural radar, giving exposure to a number of Baile Funk artists for the first time in Europe, introducing the British and Americans to a new genre, as well as playing Brazil’s most experimental segments of funk including the proibidoes.

The Slum Dunk show covered music genres from obscure electronica to post punk, funk carioca to avant hip hop, experimental mpb to film music and beyond – through hundreds of thematic or free-form radio shows including live performances, interviews with MCs, producers, artists, curators, journalists, beat and party politics conversations, screenings and more. Verner and Mejorado were also responsible for the London premiere of Eu Sou Feia Mas To Na Moda ("I'm Ugly But Trendy") - a film by Denise Garcia on the Funk Carioca scene, later also exhibited in Tetine’s show Tropical Punk.

In 2005 Verner compiled the album The Sexual Life of the Savages - underground post punk from São Paulo for British label Soul Jazz Records. Bruno Verner selected the artists, wrote the sleeve notes and create the album concept. A year later Verner released A Historia Da Garça - a 12’ on Soul Jazz Records, and the EP L.I.C.K MY FAVELA on the label Kute Bash.

In 2007 Verner and Mejorado conceived Tropical Punk - a Brazilian post-tropical intervention/ exhibition that took place at the Whitehapel Gallery with a programme of films, artist videos, fanzines, tee shirts and performances.

In 2008 Soul Jazz Records released Tetine’s I Go To The Doctor as a 12’, and their full album Let YouR X’s Be Y’s.

By 2009 Verner had returned to São Paulor for a series of shows, talks, exhibitions and workshops on Tetine’s project Samba de Monalisa. Tetine was invited to perform the original audio of Samba de Monalisa at Sophie Calle’s exhibition Take Care of Yourself as part of Videobrasil alongside talks on this project and the workshop "Mixing It - Conhecendo Linguagens". In the same year Tetine showed their Samba de Monalisa at the Bordeaux Bienalle in France.  Verner also took part in the videos for Tropical Punk and Shiva with Eliete Mejorado, Guilherme Altamyer, and Tiago Borges filmed at Aldeia do Meco, Portugal in 2009.

2010 – 2014

In 2010 Verner and Mejorado released From A Forest Near You (Slum Dunk Music) and Tropical Punk on CD and vinyl through their own label Slum Dunk Music.

In 2013 Tetine released In Loveland With You produced by Bruno Verner. The video for Burning Land and Loveland are also filmed in London.

Later in the year Verner, Mejorado, poet Ricardo Domeneck and German singer songwriter Cunt Cunt Chanel went on a mini tour in Belgium curated by Hugo Lorenzetti.

Discography

 Film Tapes (1991-1995) / Slum Dunk Music 2018
 Colt 45 - Underground Post Punk, Tropical Tapes, Lo-Fi Electronics And Other Sounds From Brazil (1983-1993) / Slum Dunk Music 2018
 Queer & Mutant Funk Cuts (2000-2005) / Slum Dunk Music 2016
 53 Diamonds / Wet Dance 2016
 Mother Nature / Wet Dance 2013
 Black Semiotics / Wet Dance 2013
 In Loveland With You / Slum Dunk Music 2013
 Voodoo Dance & Other Stories / Slum Dunk Music 2011
 Uncorrupted Tropical Wave 1984-2011 / Slum Dunk Music 2011
 From A Forest Near You / Slum Dunk Music 2010
 Let Your X's Be Y's / Soul Jazz Records 2008
 I Go To The Doctor 12" / Soul Jazz Records 2008
 A Historia da Garça 12" / Soul Jazz Records 2006
 L.I.C.K. MY FAVELA / Kute Bash Records 2006
 L.I.C.K MY FAVELA / Slum Dunk 2005
 The Sexual Life of the Savages / Soul Jazz Records 2005
 Bonde do Tetão / Bizarre Music 2004
 Slum Dunk Presents Funk Carioca / Mr Bongo 2004
 Men In Uniform / Bizarre Music 2003
 Tetine Vs Sophie Calle - Samba de Monalisa / Sulphur Records 2002
 Olha Ela de Novo / High School Records 2001
 Música De Amor / High School Records 1998
 Creme / High School Records 1997
 Alexander's Grave / High School Records 1996

Compilations - Tracks Appear On
 Daora - Underground Sounds of Urban Brasil - Hip-hop, Beats, Afro and Dub - "Burning Land" Mais Um Discos 2013
 Uncorrupted Tropical Wave 1984-2011 - "Shiva, Lick My Favela", Slum Dunk Music, 2011
 Colette Vile - Tropical Punk (Mutant Edit) Colette, 2010
 Soul Jazz Singles 2008-2009 - I Go To The Doctor Soul Jazz Records 2009
 Spex CD, Comp I Go To The Doctor 	Spex Magazine	2008
 Trax Sampler 116 I Go To The Doctor (CSS remix) Trax Sampler 2008
 Soul Jazz Singles 2006-2007 (2xCD + CD)	A Historia Da Garca, Slum Dunk Soul Jazz Records 2007
 Exploited Presents: Shir Khan - Maximize! (2xCD, Comp, Mixed)	L.I.C.K. My Favela Exploited 2007
 Mind The Gap Volume 65 (CD, Comp)	Zero Zero Five Five (Se Vende) Gonzo Circus 2006
 Gentle Electric (CD)	Men In Uniform Mogul Electro 2005
 Essence - Tribute To New Order (CD) Truth The The Records 1997

Books & Publications

 Born Never Asked: For A Peripheral Underground Tropical Mutant Punk Funk Theory - Counterfield Magazine, 2020.
 40 Degrees in Black chapter in the Post Punk Then and Now book  (Repeater, 2016, London, UK)
 Tetine - Red Book (High School 1998)
 O Um (Atelier Editorial, 1997)

Early Sounds (cassette tapes)
O Grito Mudo - O Grito Mudo (1985/1987/1988)
R.Mutt - R. Mutt (1986)
Ida & Os Voltas - Jovens Raptados (1986)
Divergencia Socialista - Lilith Lunaire (1990)
O Grito Mudo - Mulata Urbana (1987)
 Um Ou Nao - (1992)
 Tetine - Simetrias de A a Z tape (1995)

References

Brazilian electronic musicians
Living people
1971 births
People from Belo Horizonte
University of São Paulo alumni


title: 033

text:
033 or Zero Three Three is a 2010 Bengali film directed by Birsa Dasgupta in a directorial debut and produced by Moxie Entertainments. It stars Rudranil Ghosh and Parambrato Chattopadhyay.

033 is the STD code for Kolkata city, and the story is based on the theme of increasing youth migration outside Kolkata for career opportunities.

Cast
 Parambrato Chattopadhyay as Som, lead guitarist
 Swastika Mukherjee as Mrinalini, NRI
 Mumtaz Sorcar as Ria, vocalist
 Sabyasachi Chakraborty as Santiago
 Dhruv Mukherjee as Voodoo, drummer
 Rudranil Ghosh as Rudra, keyboardist
 Saheb Chatterjee
 Madhabi Mukherjee

Soundtrack
The soundtrack's music director is Chandrabindoo (band) and the lyrics are penned by Srijato.

References

External links

2010s Bengali-language films
2010 comedy-drama films
Films set in Kolkata
Indian comedy-drama films
2010 directorial debut films
2010 films
Bengali-language Indian films
Films directed by Birsa Dasgupta