title: Like-A-Butterfly

text:
Like-A-Butterfly (19 April 1994 – 7 February 2013) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who competed in National Hunt racing. Although she did not begin competing in public until she was seven years old she had a successful racing career, winning twelve of her seventeen races, including five at Grade I level. She was unbeaten in three National Hunt Flat races including the Champion INH Flat Race and her first five over hurdles including the Royal Bond Novice Hurdle, Deloitte Novice Hurdle and Supreme Novices' Hurdle. She won the Irish Champion Hurdle but missed the whole of the next season through injury. In her final season she competed in steeplechases and won three times including the Powers Gold Cup and the Mildmay Novices' Chase. After retiring from racing she produced five foals before dying of horse colic at the age of nineteen.

Background
Like-A-Butterfly was a bay mare with no white markings bred in Ireland by P. J. McGee. he was sired by Montelimar, a lightly-campaigned son of Alleged who won the Gallinule Stakes in 1984 and became a very successful National Hunt stallion: his other progeny included the Grand National winners Hedgehunter and Monty's Pass. Her dam, Swifts Butterfly, was a poor racehorse who never finished better than third in thirteen attempts in 1990 and 1991.

During her racing career, Like-A-Butterfly was owned by J. P. McManus and trained by the former flat race jockey Christy Roche at Coolaghknock Glebe, County Kildare.

Racing career

2000/2001 National Hunt season: National Hunt Flat races
Like-A-Butterfly did not race until the age of seven, when she began competing in National Hunt Flat races, also known as "Bumpers". On 7 January at Naas Racecourse she started even money favourite against twenty opponents in a two-mile event and won easily by eleven lengths from twenty opponents. Two weeks later at Leopardstown Racecourse moved up in distance to two and a quarter miles and started 4/9 favourite in a field of eight. Ridden as on her debut by Alan Crowe, she took the lead three furlongs from the finish and drew away to win by fifteen lengths.

On 27 April, the mare was moved up in class for the Grade I paddypower.com Champion INH Flat Race in which she was ridden by the leading amateur jockey J T McNamara, Crowe being forced to miss the ride after sustaining a broken collar bone. Like A Butterfly started 11/8 favourite ahead of the previously unbeaten geldings Native Jack and Davenport Milenium. She was restrained by McNamara in the early stages before moving up to take the lead a furlong and a half from the finish and kept on well in the closing stages to win by one and a half lengths and three lengths from Davenport Milenium and the mare Spirit Leader.

2001/2002 National Hunt season: Novice Hurdles
In the 2001/2002 season, Like-A-Butterfly competed in Novice hurdle races, beginning at Navan Racecourse in November. Ridden by Charlie Swan and starting the 4/7 favourite, she won by eight lengths from Rule Supreme, a gelding who went on to win the Hennessy Gold Cup in 2005. Swan partnered the mare again when she started 4/7 favourite for the Grade I Royal Bond Hurdle at Fairyhouse on 2 December. She took the lead three hurdles from the finish, went clear of her opponents, and won by four lengths from Sacundai, despite being eased down by Swan near the finish. At the end of the month she won again at Leopardstown, but had her closest race up to that time, prevailing by half a length from the five-year-old Pietro Vannucci.

Like-A-Butterfly prepared for her first Cheltenham Festival with a run in the Grade II Deloitte and Touche Novice hurdle at Leopardstown on 10 February. She took the lead at the sixth hurdle and drew clear of her rivals in the closing stages to win by five lengths, with the unplaced runners including Beef Or Salmon. On 12 March at Cheltenham Racecourse, the unbeaten mare started 7/4 favourite against twenty-seven opponents for the Grade I Gerrard Supreme Novices' Hurdle, with her main rival appearing to be the former flat racer Westender. Like-A-Butterfly led briefly in the early stages and then tracked Westender before regaining the lead two hurdles from the finish. She was overtaken by the Willie Mullins-trained Adamant Approach, but when that horse fell at the last she regained the lead and held off the renewed challenge of Westender to win by a neck.

Like-A-Butterfly was unbeaten in eight races when he started favourite for the Grade I Menolly Homes Champion Novice Hurdle at Punchestown Racecourse on 24 April. She took the lead after the second last hurdle, but was soon overtaken and sustained her first defeat, finishing third behind Davenport Milenium and Thari.

2002/2003 National Hunt season: Hurdles
Like-A-Butterfly made her debut in open competition when she was matched against the multiple Grade I winning gelding Limestone Lad in the Irish Champion Hurdle at Leopardstown on 26 January 2003. Swan tracked Limestone Lad for most of the race before taking the lead at the last hurdle. The gelding rallied strongly in the closing stages, but Like-A-Butterfly held on under pressure to win by a head. After the race, Swan commented "The mare is very quick and dug deep for me" and said that she "would have a big chance of taking the title".  On 11 March at Cheltenham, the mare started 13/2 fourth choice in the betting for the Champion Hurdle behind Rhinestone Cowboy, Rooster Booster and Intersky Falcon. She was among the early leaders, but struggled in the second half of the race and eventually finished tenth behind Rooster Booster. On her final start of the season a month later she finished third behind Sacundai and Rooster Booster in the Aintree Hurdle.

2004/2005 National Hunt season: Steeplechases
After missing the whole of the 2003/2004 season with a tendon injury, Like-A-Butterfly returned to compete in steeplechases in the following season. In her first appearance in more than nineteen months, she was ridden by Conor O'Dwyer and was an impressive four-length winner of a novice chase at Naas on 20 November. The mare started favourite for the Grade I Durkan New Homes Novice Chase at Leopardstown on 26 December, but dropped out of contention five fences from the finish and failed to complete the course for the only time in her career as O'Dwyer pulled her up before the second last. The mare was moved up to three miles for the Royal & SunAlliance Chase at the Cheltenham Festival in which she was ridden by A. P. McCoy. She moved up to challenge the leaders three fences from the finish but weakened from the last and finished fifth of the six finishers behind Trabolgan.

On 29 March at Fairyhouse the mare dropped back in distance for the Grade I Powers Gold Cup over two and a half miles and started 7/2 favourite in a field of thirteen which included Davenport Milenium. Ridden by McCoy, she tracked the leader before challenging for the lead at the final fence and won by half a length from Forget The Past. Like-A-Butterfly's final appearance came at Aintree Racecourse on 8 April, when she started 6/1 third favourite for the Mildmay Novices' Chase over three miles and one furlong. McCoy restrained the mare in the early stages before moving up to take the lead approaching the last fence and winning by one and three quarter lengths from See You Sometime and the favourite L'Ami.

Breeding record
Like-A-Butterfly was retired from racing to become a broodmare for J. P. McManus's stud. She produced five foals:

Speckled Wood (bay filly, foaled 2008, sired by High Chaparral), winner of three races
All For Luck (bay filly, 2010, by High Chaparral), unraced
Unnamed filly, 2011, by Yeats
Unnamed colt, 2012, by Yeats
Unnamed colt, 2013, by Yeats

Like-A-Butterfly died in February 2013 after contracting colic following the birth of her last foal. Roche said "I've never trained one better than her. She was a bit special".

Pedigree

References

1994 racehorse births
2013 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in Ireland
Cheltenham Festival winners
Thoroughbred family 23


title: Predrag Kašćelan

text:
Predrag Kašćelan (Cyrillic: Предраг Кашћелан; born 30 June 1990) is a Montenegrin footballer who plays for Dečić as defender.

Club career
He had a spell alongside cousin Mladen at Russian side Arsenal Tula. In August 2020, he extended his contract with Rudar Pljevlja.

Personal life
Predrag is the cousin of FC Tambov midfielder Mladen Kašćelan.

References

External links
 Profile at Sports.ru

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Cetinje
Serbian people of Montenegrin descent
Men's association football central defenders
Serbian men's footballers
Serbia men's youth international footballers
Montenegrin men's footballers
Montenegro men's youth international footballers
FK Spartak Subotica players
FK Palić players
FK Bokelj players
Doxa Drama F.C. players
OFK Titograd players
FC Arsenal Tula players
FC Khimik Dzerzhinsk players
Vasalunds IF players
OFK Grbalj players
FK Rudar Pljevlja players
FK Dečić players
Montenegrin Second League players
Montenegrin First League players
Football League (Greece) players
Russian First League players
Ettan Fotboll players
Montenegrin expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Sweden


title: Music&New

text:
Music&NEW (stylized MUSIC&NEW, Hangul:뮤직앤뉴), a subsidiary of Next Entertainment World, is a South Korean company that specializes in the production and distribution of music content.

History
MUSIC & NEW is Next Entertainment World's music content distribution division. It started to run its music production and management business in 2012. At now, MUSIC & NEW is focusing on investment and distribution of established / new / potential artists' music and produce divers contents through OSMU. In 2012, the company hosted the "i am a musician" project with Soribada, which is a project seeking to find new composers. In the first half year of 2016, MUSIC & NEW was ranked in 1st Production company and 4th Distribution company in gaon chart Korea. Moreover, Music & New will strengthen its position as a global company. Through partnerships with international labels, MUSIC & NEW will provide new vision for music distribution service.

Former artists
 Lyn
 Lee Young-hyun
 MC the Max (2012-2016)
 OH!nle (Playground sub-label)
 Sweet Sorrow
VIBE
Big Mama

References

External links

Next Entertainment World
South Korean record labels
Labels distributed by Kakao M
Record labels established in 2012


title: George "Chocolate" Perry

text:
George Wesly Perry (born 1953), known professionally as "Chocolate Perry" is an American bassist, songwriter and producer.
Perry has worked with the Bee Gees, John Cougar, Jon Secada, Stephen Stills, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Al Kooper, Dion DiMucci, Joe Walsh, Joe Vitale, Ivano Fossati and many more.

Early life and career
Perry was born and raised in Carver Ranches, West Park, Florida.

He started his career in the 1970s at the leading soul and disco independent TK Records, run by entrepreneur/ record distributor, Henry Stone in Hialeah, Florida. He played bass on many of the records issued by the company before its demise in 1980. He later went out on the road, performing with some of the biggest rock and pop artists of the time.

At school, he heard Miami singer, Latimore on the radio and decided to become a musician. He started to hang out at the TK studio and label owners, Steve Alaimo and Henry Stone eventually gave him a key to the company's recording studio and his own office. He helped to write and produce Gwen McCrae's #1 R&B hit, "Rockin' Chair" when he was only in his teens in 1975. He says he learned friendship, family skills, and how to play all kinds of different music at TK.

Perry was brought in to play on a recording session with Stephen Stills in Miami and was then invited to join the singer's regular band. That led to years of touring with a series of major acts, including The Bee Gees, before he decided to retire in 1993, due to long-standing problems with agoraphobia.

Albums produced
 Raw Soul Express – Raw Soul Express (1976)
 The Blue Notes – The Truth Has Come to Light (1977)
 King Sporty – Mr. Rhythm (1977)
 Chocolateclay – Chocolateclay (1977)
 Bobby Caldwell – Bobby Caldwell (track "Can't Say Goodbye") (1978)
 Joe Walsh – There Goes the Neighborhood (1981)
 Joe Walsh – You Bought It – You Name It (1983)

References

Living people
People from Broward County, Florida
Actors from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Record producers from California
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American rock musicians
American male songwriters
American rhythm and blues bass guitarists
1953 births


title: Stamatović

text:
Stamatović () is a Serbian surname, derived from the male given name Stamat, itself derived from Greek name Stamatis meaning "stopper" (stamata means "to stop"). It may refer to:

Stanoje Glavaš (1763–1815), Serbian revolutionary
Aleksandar Stamatović (born 1967), Montenegrin historian
Uroš Stamatović (born 1976), retired Serbian footballer
Aleksandar Stamatović (born 1974),
Opera Singer

See also
Stamatopoulos, Greek surname
Stamatov, Bulgarian surname

Surnames of Serbian origin


title: Clérico

text:
Clérico is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Emmanuel Clérico (born 1969), French racing driver
Francesco Clerico (c. 1755—1838), Italian ballet dancer, choreographer and composer. Was active since 1776 in Teatro di Sant'Agostino (Genoa), La Scala (Milan), Teatro San Samuele and La Fenice (Venice).
Jacki Clérico (1929–2013), French businessman
 Nicole Clerico (born 1983), Italian tennis player

Clerico may also refer to:
 Piana Clerico, a clothing company in Biella, Piedmont, Italy
 25905 Clerico, an asteroid
 Clericó, a Latin American drink similar to sangria

See also
Clerici

French-language surnames


title: James E. Held

text:
James E. Held (February 16, 1938October 15, 1967) was an American lawyer and politician from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.  He was elected to represent the northern suburbs of Milwaukee in the 1967 session, but died ten months into that term in a traffic accident.  Prior to serving in the Assembly, Held was an assistant to county executive John Doyne.

Early life and education
Held was born and raised in Racine, Wisconsin. He graduated from Racine's St. Catherine's High School, then attended Marquette University, and the Georgetown University Law Center.

Career
Held practiced law and worked as a staffer in the office of the Milwaukee County executive, John Doyne. Held was elected to the Assembly in 1966, running on the Republican Party ticket.  He  represented Milwaukee County's 18th Assembly district from January 1967 until his death in October 1967.

Personal life
Held was fatally injured in a traffic collision in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, on October 15, 1967, when his car struck a parked tow truck on a Milwaukee County highway.  He died a short time after the accident at Milwaukee County General Hospital, in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin.

References

1938 births
1967 deaths
Politicians from Racine, Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Marquette University alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Wisconsin lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
Road incident deaths in Wisconsin
20th-century American politicians
Catholic politicians from Wisconsin
Burials in Wisconsin


title: Susan Gilbert

text:
Susan Gilbert is an American author, publisher, entrepreneur and consultant. Susan is known for her unique marketing campaign and strategy for coffee shops in 1990's. She was called for an interview by CNBC for investing in the coffee bars in the South Korea investment program. Susan has won Writer's Digest Award for Inspirational Category in 2002.

Career
In 1987, Susan opened a coffee bar in the city of San Diego and by the end of decade she owned five coffee shops. She begin writing in 2001 and authored a book, The Land of I Can which became popular in all age groups. Susan saw an early success when she won Writer's Digest Award Winner, Inspirational Category in 2002 and was interviewed with San Diego Union Tribune, Nwitimes, Prevention Magazine, USA Weekend, Inc Magazine, The Times, Friendly Exchange and other news media companies. After that she was called by Linda Formichelli and W. Eric Martin to co-author The Complete Idiot's Guide to Starting and Running a Coffee Bar with them and it was published in 2004. Susan Gilbert started a consultancy company Online Promotion Success, Inc. headquartered at Issaquah, Washington to help businesses in brand building and promoting them online. Later she introduced a series of inspirational products, called You Can! products. In June 2013, she published a book ''Klout Score: Social Media Influence".

Bibliography

References

External links
 Official Website
 Facebook

Date of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American consultants
American publishers (people)
American women writers
21st-century American women


title: Clymer (surname)

text:
Clymer and Climer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Clymer (1937–2018), American journalist
Ben Clymer (born 1978), ice hockey player
Benjamin Clymer (born 1982), American business executive
Eleanor Clymer (1906–2001), children's author
Ella Maria Dietz Clymer (1847–1920), American actress, poet
Floyd Clymer (1895–1970), motorcycle racer, dealer, publisher
George Clymer (1739–1813), Declaration of Independence signatory
George Clymer (inventor) (–1834), printer and inventor
Hiester Clymer (1827–1884), Pennsylvania politician of the Hiester Family
John Clymer (1907–1989), American artist
John B. Clymer (1887–1937), screenwriter
Mary Willing Clymer (1770–1852), Philadelphia socialite
Paul Clymer (born 1937), Pennsylvania politician
Otis Clymer (1876–1926), baseball player
Reuben Swinburne Clymer (1878–1966), American occultist
Wayne K. Clymer (1917–2013), American United Methodist bishop

Climber
 David Climer (1953–2020), American reporter
 Naomi Climer (born 1964), British engineer


Live Forever as You Are Now with Alan Resnick is a television special written, created and directed by Alan Resnick and Ben O'Brien for Adult Swim, as part of the Infomercials series. The special is presented as a parody of self-help infomercials, advertising a four-step program for creating a digital avatar that acts as a backup of its host. The special is hosted by Alan Resnick as himself, and is presented by Dan Deacon. Both, along with O'Brien, are members of the Baltimore-based art collective Wham City, who co-produced the episode under their video production division, AB Video Solutions.

The special aired on December 24, 2013, at 4 a.m. on Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. The special was viewed by 926,000 viewers and received a Nielsen household rating of 0.7. Critical reception was positive, with both the humor and the performances receiving praise.

Summary
Alan Resnick (portrayed by himself), an emerging young tech expert and innovator, is introduced to the viewer. He tells the audience of his four-step program to create a digital avatar that acts as a backup of its host, granting "the secret to eternal life". He tells the audience of his past: two years ago, Resnick was banished to his couch after getting into a lovers' spat with his wife, Janet. He dreamt of himself in a foggy meadow with an attractive, nude young woman (portrayed by "MKNZ") who calls for him to engage in sex. He initially refuses, but then changes his mind, but before they are able to do so, he is shot with a gun by a nameless man (Ben O'Brien), which totally destroys his face. This gave him the idea to come up with a way to digitally back himself up. Two months pass, and he is able to create an "exact digital copy" of himself who calls himself "Teddy" (for unknown reasons). "Teddy", a floating avatar head, acts as the co-host for the remainder of the program, often interrupting Resnick's speech to talk about his "wife".

Resnick goes on to explain the four steps behind his process:
 Subjects are instructed to look in a mirror every night for five hours and observe their facial features, sketching what they recall while in the dark; subjects are then instructed to hang up said drawings around their house.
 The subject comes over to Resnick's house, where blindingly bright patterns are projected into their eyes and face while they spin around. These patterns will be "queered" by their head form, generating three-point axes, which are then "booleaned" to generate a three-dimensional mesh of their head. Resnick then goes on to explain the "uncanny valley", which leads him into his third step:
 The avatars are put through a series of intensive "skin stress tests", including "ball tests", "wiggle tests" and "durability and tear testing".
 Resnick comes into his subjects' house for two months to analyze their interests and personality types; he will ask "hundreds of personal questions" involving friends, furniture, romance, animals, food, events and touch. All the information will be scanned into the USB flash drive of the subject's computer, which makes the "brain" of their avatar.

Various testimonials are then given; a widower and "textbook salesman" Ryan Syrell (Steve Izant) tells of the reconstruction of his wife Morgan and the creation of his own avatar. Jordan Card, an elderly woman, shows off her digital avatar, who insists that their room "is too cold." Chester Gwazda (Caynen Couture), a young bedridden boy, says that it was his mother's (Michelle Word) idea, and that he would rather play football than go boogie boarding with his avatar. Concluding his seminar, Resnick thanks his audience and "Teddy", who speaks again of the love for his wife, shown to be a pink morphing sphere. A frustrated Resnick scolds his creation and informs the audience that his avatar is autonomous, and that he is being manipulative and disappointing. He reminds the viewer to purchase his program through the following informational screen.

Cast

 Alan Resnick as himself and "Teddy"
 Dan Deacon as the presenter
 Meredith Moore as a crowd member
 Steve Izant as Ryan Syrell
 Caynen Couture as Chester Gwazda
 Jordan Card as a person on a stool
 Mason Ross as a person on a stool
 Dina Kelberman as a person on a stool
 Christopher Colletti as Resnick's double
 MKNZ as "Dream Woman"
 Ben O'Brien as "Man with Gun"
 Mimi Gillet as Jordan Card
 Thomas Colley as a stagehand
 Michelle Word as Chester's mother
 Connor Kizer as the narrator

Production

The series was originally developed as a comedy sketch by Alan Resnick, as part of his comedy tours with the Baltimore-based art collective Wham City, best known for their work with Dan Deacon. The skit, first conceived in 2009 and roughly modeled after TED Talks, features Resnick telling the audience how to create a complete digital backup of himself. Long-time associate Ben O'Brien co-produced, directed and edited the special along with Resnick. In addition, both co-produced the episode under their video production division, AB Video Solutions. Resnick, along with set decorator Emma Alamo, transformed Resnick's house into the set of the special.

The collective had pitched a Wham City television sitcom to Adult Swim before, but according to Resnick, the network insisted that "no one would ever watch more than one episode." Resnick named Mr. Show with Bob and David, The Kids in the Hall and the Upright Citizens Brigade as influences on the special. Dave Hughes, creator of the series Off the Air, who had discussed with the group about developing a series, took note of Resnick's sketch and helped the collective develop it into an infomercial. After airing the special, Wham City featured the skit for their comedy tour of New York City. Resnick informed Network Awesome that they will probably not produce any more fake infomercials, and that O'Brien is working with the network to create something that viewers will "stumble on unintentionally."

Broadcast and reception
Live Forever as You Are Now with Alan Resnick aired on December 24, 2013, at 4 a.m. on Adult Swim. It was the third in a series of infomercial parodies broadcast by the network, succeeding Broomshakalaka and For-Profit Online University. The early-morning timeslot was chosen since infomercials usually air during such hours. The special was published onto Adult Swim's YouTube channel the same day. The special was viewed by 926,000 viewers and received a Nielsen household rating of 0.7, meaning that approximately 0.7 percent of households with a television watched it. A web chat allowing users to converse with "Teddy" was created for the network's website.

The special has received positive critical reception. In talking about Resnick with regards to the special, Baltimore City Paper Baynard Woods wrote that it "combines the traditional kind-of-creepy positivity of the infomercial host with the creepy techno-utopian positivity of a TED Talk's technologist." He ultimately opined that the humor derived from "the disconnect between what Resnick claims—that his avatar is a complete backup of himself—and the reality that it is not at all like him and is, in fact, extremely limited." Ezra Lefko of What Weekly, another Baltimore-based publication, praised the special. In particular, he expressed his approval of seeing "success and national exposure for these talented artists." Lea McLellan of Mountain Xpress called it "hilarious" and "a good representation of their bizarre comedic stylings."

See also
 Paid Programming
 You're Whole

Explanatory notes

References

External links

 Alan Resnick's official website (archived from the original on January 16, 2014)

Adult Swim pilots and specials
2010s American television specials
2013 television specials
Infomercial parodies


title: John Ross (British Army officer, born 1829)

text:
General Sir John Ross  (18 March 1829 – 5 January 1905) was a soldier of the British Army and the Bengal Army who fought in the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny and later commanded British forces in Canada.

Military career
Born at Stone House, Hayton, Carlisle, the son of Field Marshal Sir Hew Dalrymple Ross (1779–1868) by his marriage to Elizabeth Graham, a daughter of Richard Graham, Ross was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant into the Rifle Brigade in 1846. Between 1854 and 1855 he saw active service in the Crimean War, fighting at the battles of Alma, Inkermann, and Sebastopol. In 1856 he was promoted Major and went out to India. Between 1857 and 1858 in the Indian Mutiny he was at Cawnpore and Lucknow, and in 1863–64 he fought in the North West Frontier Campaign. Promoted Brigadier-General in the Bengal Army in 1874, Ross commanded the Perak Expedition of 1875–1876. In 1878 he was in Malta, then served with the Second Division Calne Field Force from 1878 to 1879. In 1881 he was knighted, and between 1881 and 1886 he commanded the Poona Division of the Bombay Army, before going to North America as Commanding General of British forces in Canada from 1888 to 1893, on behalf of Governor-General Lord Stanley of Preston. In 1891 Ross was promoted full General and he retired the service in 1896.

He was appointed colonel of the Leicestershire Regiment on 6 Feb. 1895, transferring to be colonel-commandant of the 3rd Battalion, the Rifle Brigade from 29 July 1903 to his death.

He died on 5 January 1905 at Kelloe, Berwickshire.

Family
In 1868, Ross had married Mary Macleod Hay, the daughter of A. M. Hay, whom he divorced, and who predeceased him. In retirement he lived at his birthplace, Stone House, Hayton, Cumberland, where his grounds were said to contain an exceptionally impressive evergreen oak. In London he was a member of the United Service Club. His address at the time of his death was stated as Belgrave Mansions, Grosvenor Gardens, London SW.

Honours
1861: Companion of the Order of the Bath
1881: Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath
1891: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

Notes

References

1829 births
1905 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
Deputy Lieutenants of Cumberland
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Rifle Brigade officers
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857


title: Elaeocarpus sylvestris

text:
Elaeocarpus sylvestris, the woodland elaeocarpus, is a tree species in the genus Elaeocarpus.

Distribution
The woodland elaeocarpus is found in China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam (Indochina).

Description
The tree is up to 15 m and is found in evergreen forests at altitudes comprised between 300 and 2000 m. The evergreen shiny leaves are oblanceolate. The greeny-white flowers are grouped in racemes and are followed by black olive-like fruit in autumn.

Uses
The fruits of the woodland elaeocarpus are edible. The oil from the seeds may be processed into soap or lubricants. The bark may be used as a source for dye. The wood does not resist water, so it is not considered good timber, but it is used for growing shiitake mushrooms.

It is also planted along streets and in parks.

Ecology
The larvae of the moth Leucoblepsis excisa feed on the leaves of E.  sylvestris. In urban forests of Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan, the Formosan squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus taiwanensis) is a pest to the tree because of its gnawing habit.

Woodland elaeocarpus in susceptible to Elaeocarpus yellows, a disease discovered in 1999 and a type of Phytoplasma disease, which causes a chlorosis (Japanese: 萎黄病 io-byo) of the plant. Oxytetracycline has been used to fight the pathogen.

Chemistry
This species contains the gallotannin 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, a compound that may be used in radioprotection. It also contains elaeocarpusin, a molecule with a unique acid ester group probably derived by a condensation of a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group and dehydroascorbic acid attached to the 2,4-positions of 1-O-galloyl- 3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucopyranose (corilagin).

Symbolism
The horutonoki (Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus) is the tree symbol of Japanese city Urasoe, Okinawa. Wild Dampalsu trees (Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus) in Cheonjiyeon Waterfall are South Korean Natural Monument no. 163.

Gallery

See also
 Liothrips horutonoki, a thrips species in the genus Liothrips

References

External links

 Elaeocarpus sylvestris at efloras.org
 Elaeocarpus sylvestris at en.hortipedia.com

sylvestris
Trees of China
Trees of Japan
Trees of Korea
Trees of Taiwan
Trees of Vietnam
Plants described in 1811


title: Habsburg Serbia

text:
Habsburg Serbia may refer to several periods and territories in the history of Serbia:

 Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691), temporary Habsburg occupation of central Serbia (1686–1691)
 Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739), crown land of the Habsburg Empire (1718-1739)
 Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1788–1791), temporary Habsburg occupation of central Serbia (1788–1791)
 Serbian Vojvodina, Serbian region in Habsburg Empire (1848-1849)
 Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, crown land of the Habsburg Empire (1849-1860)
 Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia, Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1915-1918)

See also

 Serbia (disambiguation)
 Ottoman Serbia (disambiguation)
 Moravian Serbia (disambiguation)


title: Homo Sapiens (band)

text:
Homo Sapiens (sometimes spelled as Gli Homo Sapiens) is an Italian pop rock group who were mainly successful in the 1970s.

Career
The group formed in the late 1960s as I Tarli. They adopted the current name in 1972, and had their first success in 1975 with the ballad "Tornerai tornerò", which reached the ninth place on the Italian hit parade.

The group won the 1977 Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Bella da morire", which was also a commercial success, peaking at second place on the hit parade. After a further success with the song "Io e te stasera", the group disbanded in the early 1980s, then reunited in 1990.

Discography
Albums
     1974 - Homo Sapiens (Ri-Fi, RDZ ST 14238)
     1975 - Tornerai, tornerò (Ri-Fi, RDZ ST 14258)
     1976 - Pecos Bill (Ri-Fi, RDZ ST 14269)
     1977 - Bella da morire (Ri-Fi, RDZ ST 14278)
     1978 - Due mele (Ri-Fi, RDZ ST 14294)
     1980 - Homo Sapiens (Harmony)
     1990 - Presagio di mare (Voltage, CD 57027)
     1994 -  I comandamenti e...altre storie (Duck Record, DGCD 098)
     1998 -  30 anni in una sera (Doppio)

References

External links

Musical groups established in 1972
Italian pop music groups
1972 establishments in Italy
Sanremo Music Festival winners


title: Jan Bouwman

text:
Jan Bouwman (27 November 1935 – 18 December 1999) was a Dutch swimmer. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 100 m freestyle, but failed to reach the final.

References

1935 births
1999 deaths
Dutch male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
Swimmers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Heemstede


title: Harvey F. Gee

text:
Harvey F. Gee (1908-1984) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Biography
Gee was born on February 29, 1908, in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He graduated from Rollins College. During World War II, he served in the United States Army. He died on June 5, 1984, at Riverside Hospital in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin after a long illness.

Political career
Gee was first elected to the Assembly in 1960. Additionally, he was a member of the Wood County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors from 1938 to 1960. He was a Republican.

References

People from Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Military personnel from Wisconsin
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Rollins College alumni
1908 births
1984 deaths
20th-century American politicians


title: Marie Raymond

text:
Marie Raymond (1908–1988) was an abstract painter from the Tachisme movement in the 50s. Raymond was one of the most successful painters of the post-war abstract movement in Paris.  Raymond's success story remains unknown as she was eclipsed by her son's success. Although many female artists were known for being put in their husband's shadows, few were put in their son's shadows. Her son, Yves Klein, today remains one of the most prominent figures of the nouveau réalisme movement. However, in the 50s, one was more likely to fall upon a painting by Raymond than her son. Raymond would go on to become a prominent social figure in the Parisian post-war movement until the death of Yves Klein which had a profound impact on her life and art.

Early life
Raymond was born on 4 May 1908 at La Colle-sur-Loup in the South of France. Just like her husband, she was born into a middle-class family. Her father was a pharmacist and owned a dispensary which the family-owned for 40 years. She attended boarding school at the school of the Blanche de Castille in Nice. During her youth, she started painting in Alexandre Stoppelaëre's studio in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Her time spent in Stoppelaere's studio had a profound influence on her connection to art. The inspiration she gained from the Mediterranean sea and colors from Southern France had an impact on Raymond's later work.

Many artists visited the South of France for inspiration, especially in Cagnes-sur-Mer. The Dutch-Indonesian painter, Fred Klein came to the South where he met Marie Raymond in 1925. The following year on October 26, the couple got married in Nice, when Raymond was only 18 years old.  The couple moved to Paris where they lived a bohemian life in the neighborhood of Montparnasse. Some say that her artistic life only started when she met her husband, as prior to meeting him she had never left the South of France or seen a painting dating before her period.

In 1939, Europe was hit by WW2 which forced the family to move back to Cagnes-sur-Mer. This period during the war (1939-43) was an important period for Raymond as the nature of the South of France inspired her new series called ‘Paysages imaginaires’(1941-44).  Between the period of 1941 to 1943, we can notice the naturalistic elements in the background of her paintings. She discovered Picasso's work during the war which urged her to dive into abstraction. She started making references to the impressionist and surrealist eras in the way she manipulated colors. Her first series of abstract paintings were highly important to her as they symbolized the difficult times of the war. During their refuge from the war in Nice, the painter met Nicolas de Stael with whom she worked very closely. Stael influenced her work, as after their encounter she devoted her style to pure abstraction painting.

Post-war liberation and the late 40s
After the war ended in 1943, the family moved back to their apartment on Rue d’Assas in Paris. The post-war liberation movement had an impact on Raymond as in 1944 she abandoned references to landscapes and nature and started focusing on organizing shapes, colors, and lines in her paintings. She started adopting a technique of abstract and non-figurative art, abstaining from geometric art and instead focusing on linear techniques. She continued to use strong colors but ensured to keep the colors within the shapes creating homogenous paintings. She no longer separated her lines and colors but instead combined them together. Her work during this time period was described as a colorist patchwork due to her distinguished use of colors and lines.

In 1945, Raymond participated in her first major exhibition at the ‘salon des surindependant’. This exhibition was the first time Raymond adopted her maiden name ‘Raymond’ and abandoned her legal marriage name to ensure that her work would not be confused with her husband's.

During this fair, the journalist Charles Estienne who worked for the chronicle ‘combat’, noticed her works alongside those of Jean Deyrolle, Gerard Schneider, Serge Poliakoff, Hans Hartung. These five painters were important figures of the post-war avant guard abstract movement. In 1946, following the exhibition, Estienne assembled the works of these 5 artists and displayed them at Denise René’s gallery which he called “Peinture abstraite”. This exhibition will become a turning point for the artist, as she was the only woman in the group of artists. After the exhibition, Raymond was offered many artistic offers. In July 1946, she participated in the first ‘Salon des Réalités nouvelles’, from then on Raymond became one of the most prominent artistic discoveries of the 40s. Robert Fleck stated that “Raymond is the only female painter to experience such a rapid rise in post-war France”. In 1949, Marie won the Kandinsky prize alongside Youla Chapoval and exhibited at the Galerie Beaune “Les gouaches de Marie Raymond” and participated in the first São Paulo Biennale in Brazil.

Lundi de Raymond
After the war, it was important for artists to have regular rendez-vous for artists to stand up for abstract art and to support one another. Following her exhibition ‘peintures abstraites’, the 5 artists took the habit of meeting in Denise René's apartment every Thursday. Raymond recreated this meeting point for post-war artists by opening up her apartment studio rue d’Assas every Monday for all her friends in the art sphere to meet. The ‘Lundis de Marie Raymond’ assembled many French and European artists, art critics, photographers, and gallery owners. Some of the emblematic figures to attend this event were Gerard Schneider, Pierre Souage, Colette Allendy, Charles Estienne, Willem Sandberg, and many more. The couple was socially very involved in the Parisian art scene. Hereby is a famous photograph of a Christmas Eve in 1949 with Pierre Soulages, Gerard Schneider, Fred Klein, Marie Raymond, and young Yves Klein. This meeting space was a way for post-war artists to defend their ideas of abstract art. Soulage stated in an interview in 2019 that he came over many times with his wife Collette to Raymond's Mondays. Additionally, it enabled Nina Kandinsky to have important encounters with many artists after the death of her husband. The ‘Lundi de Raymond’ demonstrated that she did not only have an artistic impact with her art but also in the artistic social sphere. She created a sphere and center for exchange which helped forge many artistic relationships and collaborations.

Raymond and her impact on younger generations
Raymond did not solely invite artists representing abstract art in the 50s to her weekly Monday nights, she additionally invited young avant-guard French artists. Her son Yves Klein was given the opportunity at one of the soirees to project his recent film which he had executed on his recent trip to Japan. Likewise, she supported some of Klein's friends such as Raymond Hains and Cezar whom she invited to her weekly Monday events. Moreover, she invited the art critic Pierre Restany and a future important gallery owner Iris Clert. These encounters with the younger generation showed Raymond's attention and care for the future artistic generations to which her son belonged. Raymond held an important relationship with these artists of the 60s with whom she kept strong relationships throughout her life. In an interview held in 2004, when asked about her ‘Lundi de Raymond’ she would first recall the name of the younger artists such as Heins or Villegle instead of the more famous figures of the 50s. The death of her son Klein had a deep impact on her relationship with his friends which may be one of the main reasons for her strong bond with them after his passing. Artists such as Hains continued to visit Raymond at Rue d'Assas until her death. Vanoosten suggests that her care and attention toward the younger generation is another reason for her uniqueness in the artistic scene.

Marie Raymond as an art critic
Starting in 1946, Raymond additionally worked as an art critic for a column in a Dutch magazine called ‘Kunst en Kultuur’. Her work as an art critic in the Netherlands made her an ambassador of Parisian artistic news in the Netherlands. Between 1939 and 1958 Raymond published numerous chronicles on abstract art in Paris. Her rubric was called “Kunst in Paris” (Art in Paris). Raymond asserted her admiration for abstract art right from the start as she talked so fondly of the movement in her first chronicle in June 1939 which she named “lyrical abstraction truth”. The chronicle was a way for Raymond to defend her movement and what it stood for. Raymond talked about her visits to exhibitions or in galleries displaying abstract artists throughout Paris. During the 50s Raymond was one of the only artists to be writing about the paintings of other artists. Her critiquing and outlook of her friend's work showed her uniqueness and true devotion to art.

Raymond used her chronicle to bring light to Dutch painters in the Parisian scene such as the Bram brothers, Nicolas Warb, Geer van Velde and Christine Boumeester. Raymond's most powerful chronicle was deemed to have been her interview with Matisse in 1958 discussing his opposition to the abstract movement. Raymond ended her work with Kunst en Kultuur in 1958 as it coincided with the fall of the abstract movement. She believed that it was time for her son's new generation to take over. Her last chronicle in January had on its cover the famous monochrome blue of Yves Klein. This last chronicle was a tribute to her son and the new wave of the nouveau réalism art movement in the 60s.

Marie Raymond published in a Belgian chronicle called +-o (plus ou moins) between 1976 and 1983. Raymond used her platform at that time to defend the nouveau réalism movement that her son belonged to. Moreover, Raymond found it truly important to defend and honor her son's art after his premature death, therefore she dedicated many paragraphs to his work and impact on the art movement in the 60s.

Marie Raymond in the 50s
The 50s was an escalating time period in Raymond's success, as her work traveled all around the world. She exhibited her work alongside Arp, Domela, Magnelli, and Poliakoff at a traveling exhibition called ‘Klar Form - 20 artists of the Parisian school’ organized by Denise René. The exhibition traveled all around Europe; Copenhagen, Helsinki, Stockholm, Oslo, and Liege. In 1952, Raymond was selected to take part in the ‘salon de Mai’ presented at the Kamakura museum in Japan. Moreover, Fred and Marie were exhibited together for three days at the Franco-Japanese Institute of Tokyo and at the Museum of Art in Tokyo, organized by their son Yves during his voyage to Japan. Finally, Raymond was offered a solo show at the Museum of Modern Art of Kamakura.

In 1956, the gallery Colette Allendy organized a monographic exhibition on Raymond. Following this exhibition, in 1957, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam dedicated the artist's first retrospective called ‘Marie Raymond’. The collection assembled at the Stedelijk Museum was additionally presented in La Colle-sur-Loup the same year.

In 1958, Raymond and Fred Klein separated. On 6 June 1962, Raymond's only son Yves Klein who would later become an emblematic figure of the nouveau réalisme movement died of a heart attack. The loss she suffered from his passing immensely influenced her later works, following his death she started a new series of abstract art (Astres-figures, effusions lyrique, astres dans l’ombre, paysage d’astres).

In 1959, Marie was presented alongside her son in Germany at the inauguration of the Gelsenkirchen Opera. Finally, in 1960, Raymond received the Marzotto prize alongside Pierre Dmitrienko.

Yves Klein and Mary Raymond's relationship
Yves Klein was Marie's only son, who also followed in the same footsteps as his parents and devoted his life to art. Raymond had a profound impact on Yves' outlook on art. He was deeply inspired by his mother's work, especially in terms of her use of color. Raymond helped propel Yves's career, especially through her weekly Monday sessions. Restany, the creator of the nouveau réalisme movement, was a regular visitor of the apartment on Rue d’Assas. The cultural and social environment Yves was brought up in, helped him understand the art sphere.

The second important impact Raymond had on Yves was their shared interest in the Rosicrucianism Roman Catholic Church. Rosicrucianism is an esoteric variant of the Catholic faith. Max Heindel describes the religion as a reform of mankind and reconnection with the spiritual realm. Raymond combined her faith and her vibrant colors to enable her viewers to transcend into the material world. Raymond's aim was for viewers to enter the spiritual world through the windows of colors in her work. Heindel's theory was that the spirit is identical to space, which is represented by the color blue as it represents infinite expansiveness. Klein reflected his spirituality in his monochrome blue paintings. His works were intended to look into ‘the depths of infinite space/spirit itself, gazing, as it were, into the coming age of Aden’.

Marie and Yves were very close and she devoted much of her time to him.  Robert Fleck stated that “in order to understand the depth and energy of Yves Klein's work, one has to understand the profound impact his mother had on him”. Yves died prematurely on 6 June 1962. Raymond is said to have never recovered from his death. Gazier stated that when he died something in her died too.

Yves Klein's death and impact on her art
Following Yves's death, Raymond's artistic style shifted. Raymond found refuge from her grievance in her paintings. Between June 1962 and the ‘Salons des réalités nouvelles’ in 1965, she abstained from exhibiting.

After her loss, she found inspiration in the cosmos and in the esotercisitic faith. Starting in 1964, she started a new series of paintings called abstraction-figures-astres. Raymond practiced yoga and had been introduced to Eastern spirituality and meditation by her brother-in-law. Her new style attempted to portray her spacial anxieties through pictorial forms diametrically opposite. She shifted the abstract space she created during the 1950s to two figures crossed by elaborated spaces in structural manners.

Raymond died in 1988 in Paris and was buried in the cemetery in La Colle-sur-Loup alongside Yves.

Work
Raymond's work is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art and the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.

References

External links
 Marie Raymond at AWARE

1988 deaths
1908 births
20th-century French painters
French women painters
20th-century French women artists
Yves Klein


title: Tylosurus choram

text:
Tylosurus choram, the Red Sea houndfish, is a species of needlefish from the family Belonidae. A marine fish bluish in color with a long slender body, and a pointed long toothed beak, found in most temperate, warm seas, and sometimes rivers, it is found in abundance in the Red Sea.
It is a fast predator swimming in small schools near the water surface. Like other species of needlefish this species is oviparous, laying eggs which attach themselves to objects in the water by means of filaments which cover the outer layer of the egg. Tylosurus choram is found in the Red Sea and in coastal waters around the Arabian Peninsula to the Gulf of Oman. It has been reported twice, forty years apart, in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel. This species was described as Belone choram by Eduard Rüppell in 1837 with the type locality given as the Red Sea, the specific name choram is Arabic for needlefish.

See also

 List of fishes of the Red Sea.

References

choram
Taxa named by Eduard Rüppell
Fish described in 1837


title: Dragon Collection

text:
is a Japanese social network game created by Konami that was released on the GREE social networking platform in 2010. A manga adaptation titled Dragon Collection: Ryū o Suberu Mono was serialized from 2011 to 2012 in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine. It was collected in six tankōbon volumes. A trading card arcade game was released in 2013. An anime television series adaptation aired on April 7, 2014, alongside Monster Retsuden Oreca Battle, another Konami video game adaptation. The series ended on March 23, 2015, but a bonus episode showing events after Hiro leaves Dragon Earth aired March 30, 2015.
This show, along with Oreca Battle, lacks an ending theme, a hallmark of anime that premiered on TV Asahi.

Synopsis
A young boy named Hiro wishes to play the eponymous video game with his father. Arriving early to the arcade, he begins a game, finds himself whisked away to the Dragon Collection universe. Trapped within the game's plot, Hiro must become a Dragon Master to escape the game and return home. Hiro embarks on a quest to gather allies, conquer monsters, and prevent a terrible evil from being freed on Dragon Earth.

Opening theme
 "Dragon Collection ~Yūki no Tsubasa~" by Nagareda Project

Episodes

References

External links

 Official anime website

2010 video games
2013 video games
Japanese children's animated television series
Android (operating system) games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Digital collectible card games
IOS games
Japan-exclusive video games
Kodansha manga
Konami franchises
Konami games
Mobile games
OLM, Inc.
Card games in anime and manga
Shōnen manga
Gacha games
Video games developed in Japan


title: Mücver

text:
Mücver is a Turkish fritter or pancake, made from grated zucchini. They are typically pan-fried in oil and their batter often includes a mixture of eggs, onion, dill, parsley, flour, and sometimes potatoes and cheese (beyaz peynir or kaşar). They are similar to Jewish latkes and potato pancakes from various cultures.

History
Though mücver is currently known as a vegetable patty made with zucchini, in the Ottoman cuisine, it used to be known as a cooking technique. Written as mücmer in Ottoman records, it transformed into mücver in modern Turkish.

See also
 List of fried dough foods

References

External links

Turkish vegetarian cuisine
Squash and pumpkin dishes
Ottoman cuisine
Fritters


title: Provatas

text:
Provatas (Greek: Προβατάς) is a larger village in Kapetan Mitrousi, Serres regional unit, northern Greece. It has 1,099 inhabitants (2011 census).

Until 1923, the village was called Yenikoi or Yeniköy and inhabited mostly by Turks and Bulgarians.
It was hard fought over on October 3 and 4, 1916, between the 10th (Irish) Division and the Bulgarian Army. The Irish took and held the village, despite fierce and costly counterattacks by the Bulgarians.

References

Populated places in Serres (regional unit)
Serres


title: Jacobus Luberti Augustini

text:
Jacobus Luberti Augustini (30 April 1748, in Haarlem – 4 August 1822, in Haarlem), was an 18th-century painter from the northern Netherlands.

Biography
Augustini was born in Haarlem as the son of the landscape painter Jan Augustini who made large wall decorations and who taught him to paint. He started his career as a painter of allegorical works, and later stopped due to accepting a position as tax collector. When he lost his job due to the circumstances beyond his control, he started a small publishing house in Haarlem. Besides allegorical works, he is also known for portraits.

References

1725 births
1773 deaths
18th-century Dutch painters
18th-century Dutch male artists
Dutch male painters
Painters from Haarlem


title: Orlan Calayag

text:
Orlan Agbin Calayag (born July 22, 1974) is a Filipino politician, who is currently serving as Mayor of Dolores, Quezon. Formerly the administrator of the Philippines' National Food Authority (NFA), he was later appointed the Assistant Secretary for Project Planning & Development at the Department of Agriculture.

Calayag grew up in the Philippines before emigrating to the United States, then later returned to the Philippines and became the NFA's head on the recommendation of Secretary of Agriculture Proceso Alcala. As NFA head, Calayag faced controversy and calls to step down in response to rising rice prices during his term, and in particular an April 2013 decision to import rice from Vietnam at a price which political opponents alleged was well above the market price at the time. He continued in the position until May 2014. During his term, the price of NFA rice rose from 18 pesos per kilo to 32 pesos per kilo.

Personal life and early career
Calayag was born in San Pablo, Laguna to Nemesio Amat Calayag and Mauricia Bunquin Agbin in 1974. He graduated from Manuel Enverga University in Lucena City, and later moved to Washington state in the United States, where he completed a real estate professional course at the Rockwell Institute. Afterwards, he held a variety of jobs, including patient services specialist at the Swedish Medical Center, loan officer at the Bank of America, auditor of the Bellevue Sheraton Hotel, and customer relationship manager at KeyBank. He became a U.S. citizen in 2009. He also worked as a congressional aide for Proceso Alcala. He later moved back to the Philippines.

Shortly after regaining Philippine citizenship, Calayag renounced U.S. citizenship under the procedures set by the U.S. government. In August 2013, a notice confirming his loss of citizenship appeared in the U.S. government's Quarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate. He also began pursuing a Master's of Business Administration at De La Salle University in Manila.

As head of the National Food Authority

Appointment
On January 17, 2013, Calayag was appointed as NFA administrator ad interim to serve out the remaining six months of the term of Angelito Banayo, who resigned from the post to contest the May 2013 House of Representatives mid-term elections. Proceso Alcala, who had been appointed head of the Department of Agriculture, convinced Calayag to take up the post, and recommended him to President Benigno Aquino III.

After Calayag's first term ended, he was re-appointed to the post on July 12. The Philippines is a net importer of rice; amidst a wider trend of governments in the Asia-Pacific region increasing their emergency grain stocks to guard against a repeat of panic-buying seen during the 2007–08 world food price crisis, Calayag indicated that the Philippines was aiming for self-sufficiency in food rather than continuing imports, and would invest in expansion and improvement of grain storage facilities.

Rice importation controversy
Nevertheless, Calayag also made the decision to import 187,000 metric tons of rice, and invited tenders from firms in ASEAN member countries; among them, only Thailand and Vietnam submitted bids, and so the NFA awarded the rice import contract to Vietnam's Southern Food Corp. This decision would prove controversial. Lawyer and political activist Argee Guevarra, a member of Sanlakas, was one of the early voices of criticism against Calayag. Guevarra made accusations of overpricing, stating in August 2013 that the P19,762 per metric ton price the NFA had paid for the rice was above both the Oryza Global Rice Price index for the period in question, as well as the prevailing Vietnamese market price of P15,480 per metric ton.

As the controversy drew on, Guevarra also questioned whether Calayag was eligible to hold the position of head of the NFA, as its charter required that administrators be natural-born Philippine citizens; it was not clear whether Calayag's re-acquisition of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act 9225 and subsequent renunciation of U.S. citizenship would fall under this definition. A statement from the Office of the Executive Secretary responded that Calayag "has met all the qualifications necessary to hold his current position". A number of lawmakers urged Calayag to step down, including Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. and Carlos Zarate (of Bayan Muna), and Fernando Hicap (of Anakpawis). Hicap criticized Calayag's track record at the NFA, noting that the price of rice had risen to P40 to P45 per kilo under his tenure.

Guevarra became more vocal in his accusations, filing a plunder complaint against Calayag with the Office of the Ombudsman, and accusing Calayag and his boss Alcala of "coddling smugglers" and being part of a "Quezon mafia".

Remainder of term
During the rest of his tenure, Calayag worked to improve the agency's financial position and increase procurement volumes. On May 5, 2014, organizational restructuring ordered by President Aquino reassigned the National Food Authority, the Philippine Coconut Authority, the National Irrigation Administration, and the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority from the Department of Agriculture to the Office of the President, with Francis Pangilinan given oversight responsibilities for the four agencies in the newly created post of Presidential Assistant for Food Security and Agricultural Modernization. Calayag and PCA administrator Euclides G. Forbes then both chose to step down from their respective positions on May 8 in order to allow Pangilinan to appoint his own preferred candidates to head the agencies. Former San Miguel Foods president Arthur Juan was appointed to succeed Calayag in June 2014.

As Agriculture Assistant Secretary
After his stint at the National Food Authority, Alcala appointed Calayag as Assistant Secretary for Project Planning and Development in mid-2014.

References

External links
Profile on the website of the National Food Authority

1974 births
Living people
Department of Agriculture (Philippines)
People from San Pablo, Laguna
People who renounced United States citizenship
De La Salle University alumni
Heads of government agencies of the Philippines


title: Separation (2013 film)

text:
Separation is a 2013 Canadian thriller film directed by Greg White and his feature film directorial debut. The film was released on video on demand on April 15, 2013 and stars Sarah Manninen and Peter Stebbings as a married couple struggling to save their lives as well as their marriage.

Synopsis
Liz (Sarah Manninen) and Jack (Peter Stebbings) are a seemingly average couple that have moved into a new house in the hopes of rekindling their failing marriage. This effort is made more difficult by their troubled daughter Angie (Arcadia Kendal) and an unhappy mother-in-law (Barbara Gordon) that's determined to find fault in everything the couple does. When the family hears about a potential serial killer in the neighborhood, things begin to grow tense and they begin to suspect everyone around them- especially their strange neighbor Geoffrey (Dmitry Chepovetsky).

Cast
Sarah Manninen as Liz
Peter Stebbings as Jack
Dmitry Chepovetsky as Geoffrey
Al Sapienza as Elliot
Rob deLeeuw as Guy
Barbara Gordon as Mom
Arcadia Kendal as Angie

Reception
Critical reception for Separation has been largely positive and Fearnet drew positive comparisons between the film and a Twilight Zone episode. Much of the film's praise centered on its acting and pacing, as multiple reviewers felt that the slow development in the film heightened the story's tension. Bloody Disgusting gave the film a positive rating and stated that it "has as a solid story and the leads carry the movie through its rough patches".

References

External links

2013 films
2013 horror films
Canadian horror thriller films
English-language Canadian films
Direct-to-video thriller films
2013 horror thriller films
2010s English-language films
2010s Canadian films


title: Wilmer H. Struebing

text:
Wilmer H. Struebing (April 2, 1910 – January 7, 2003) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Biography
Struebing was born on April 2, 1910, in Brillion. On February 10, 1937, he married Henrietta Vaupel. They had four children. Struebing died on January 7, 2003, in New Holstein.

Career
Struebing was a member of the Assembly from 1963 to 1967. Additionally, he was Chairman of the Brillion Town Board and a member of the Town of Brillion School Board and the Calumet County, Wisconsin Board. Later, he became Chief Clerk of the Assembly in 1967 and Assistant Chief Clerk of the Wisconsin State Senate.

References

External links

People from Brillion, Wisconsin
Employees of the Wisconsin Legislature
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
School board members in Wisconsin
1910 births
2003 deaths
20th-century American politicians


title: Aminobacter aganoensis

text:
Aminobacter aganoensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from soil.

References

External links
Type strain of Aminobacter aganoensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Phyllobacteriaceae
Bacteria described in 1992


The Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (; IMPI) is the patent and trademark administration body of Mexico. The IMPI was created on 10 December 1993 by the .

See also
 Intellectual property law in Mexico

References

External links

Mexican intellectual property law
Patent offices


title: Ertzia

text:
Ertzia is a monospecific genus in the family Lepidostromataceae (the only family within the fungal order Lepidostromatales). The sole species is Ertzia akagerae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Brendan Hodkinson and Robert Lücking. Ertzia is distinguished from all other lichenized clavarioid fungi (Multiclavula (Cantharellales), Lepidostroma (Lepidostromatales), and Sulzbacheromyces (Lepidostromatales)) by having a microsquamulose thallus that forms contiguous glomerules (reminiscent of a 'Botrydina-type' thallus) with a cortex of jigsaw puzzle-shaped cells. Ertzia akagerae grows on soil in the African tropics.

References

Agaricomycetes
Basidiolichens
Lichen genera
Monotypic Basidiomycota genera
Taxa described in 2014
Taxa named by Robert Lücking


title: Praia Grande (Macau)

text:
Praia Grande Bay ( or ) or Nam Van (), officially known as Ou Mun (), is a bay in Macau, China. Located on the east side of the Macau Peninsula, it served as the chief promenade in Macau. It was the site of the governor's palace, the administrative offices, the consulates, and the leading commercial establishments.  It has been credited as probably the "most depicted view of 19th-century Macau", and its most characteristic landmark for many years. The bay was confined by the Fortress of St. Francis in the north-east and the Fortress of Bomparto in the south-west. Only a few colonial buildings remain, and the landscape has been largely altered by land reclamation and high-rise buildings.

Gallery

See also
 Geography of Macau
 Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong

References

Beaches of Macau
Bays of China
Water in Macau


title: James Sherren

text:
James Sherren (31 October 1872 – 29 October 1945) was a British surgeon. Two medical terms related to appendicitis — a diagnostic sign and a conservative treatment regimen — bear his name.

Biography
Sherren was born in 1872 in Weymouth, Dorset. His father was a printer and publisher. Sherren attended Weymouth College. He went to sea and became a Master Mariner before continuing his education at London Hospital Medical College. He trained and worked as a surgeon at The London Hospital. In 1901, Sherren agreed to surgically divide two nerves in the arm of colleague Henry Head so that they could study the evolution of Head's recovery. Sherren and Head published three books together, one of them also co-authored by W. H. R. Rivers.

Sherren served with the War Office during World War I and rose to the rank of colonel. He was appointed a CBE designation in 1919. In London, his notable patients included author Florence Dugdale, the wife of Thomas Hardy. Sherren operated on Dugdale for a mass in her neck. In the mid-1920s, Sherren quit his hospital practice to become a ship's surgeon. He died in 1945 at Broadstone, Dorset after an extended illness. His survivors included his widow, three sons, and two daughters.

Legacy
A diagnostic sign in appendicitis (known as Sherren's triangle) is named for him. Sherren's triangle represents the area bounded by the anterior superior iliac spine, the pubic symphysis and the navel. Hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity to touch) in this area is a potential sign of appendicitis. Ochsner-Sherren treatment, which is the conservative (non-surgical) management of appendicitis, is also named after him.

References

1872 births
1945 deaths
British surgeons
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England


title: Alavala

text:
Alavala is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Rompicherla mandal of Narasaraopet revenue division.

Government and politics

Alavala gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch.

References

Villages in Guntur district


title: Sahara Beach

text:
The Sahara Beach is a sandy beach located north of Lopar on the Adriatic island of Rab in the northern part of the Croatian coast.

Next to Sahara Beach are other small beaches, some of which are nude beaches too.

References

External links
Sahara - naturist beach in Lopar
Sahara - the unique view of the landscape
Sahara and other beaches on island Rab

Beaches of Croatia
Rab


title: Sulzbacheromyces

text:
Sulzbacheromyces is a genus of basidiolichens in the family Lepidostromataceae (the only family within the fungal order Lepidostromatales). The genus is distinguished from the other genera of Lepidostromataceae (Ertzia and Lepidostroma) by having an entirely crustose thallus and from Multiclavula (Cantharellales) by having a chlorococcoid (instead of coccomyxoid) photobiont. The type species grows on soil in the neotropics.

Species
Sulzbacheromyces bicolor  – China
Sulzbacheromyces caatingae  – Neotropics
Sulzbacheromyces chocoensis  – Colombia
Sulzbacheromyces fossicolus  – Singapore
Sulzbacheromyces miomboensis  – Democratic Republic of Congo
Sulzbacheromyces sinensis  – China
Sulzbacheromyces tutunendo  – Colombia
Sulzbacheromyces yunnanensis  – China

References

Agaricomycetes
Lichen genera
Agaricomycetes genera
Taxa described in 2013
Taxa named by Robert Lücking
Basidiolichens


title: List of Reign episodes

text:
Reign is a historical fantasy television series created by Laurie McCarthy and Stephanie Sengupta   which premiered on October 17, 2013 on The CW. The series stars Adelaide Kane in the role of Mary, Queen of Scots, depicting her early life in France until her return to Scotland.  The series finale aired on June 16, 2017.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2013–14)

Season 2 (2014–15)

Season 3 (2015–16)

Season 4 (2017)

Ratings

References

External links

Lists of American drama television series episodes
Lists of Canadian drama television series episodes


title: Borderlands 3

text:
Borderlands 3 is a 2019 action role-playing first-person shooter video game developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K. It is a sequel to 2012's Borderlands 2, and the fourth entry in the main Borderlands series. Borderlands 3 was released on 13 September 2019 for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One, and released for macOS on 30 October 2019. A Stadia port was released on 17 December 2019. Versions for the Xbox Series X and Series S and PlayStation 5 including free upgrades for users on the prior console versions were released on 10 and 12 November 2020, respectively. A Nintendo Switch version was released on 6 October 2023.

Players complete quests and side missions, in single-player or multiplayer, as one of four classes. When killed, enemies may drop weapons and gear which can be equipped. New abilities are unlocked as the player gains experience. The plot is centered on four new Vault Hunters recruited by the Crimson Raiders of Pandora to stop twins Troy and Tyreen Calypso and their insane cult followers from harnessing the power of the alien Vaults spread across the galaxy.

Upon release, Borderlands 3 received generally favorable reviews with praise directed to its gameplay, though some criticized the lack of innovation, technical issues, and writing. The initial sales of the game were the highest of the Borderlands series: more than five million copies were sold in five days.

Gameplay

Borderlands 3 is a first-person loot shooter. Players, either playing alone or in parties of up to four people, make a character from one of the four classes available, and take on various missions given out by non-playable characters (NPCs) and at bounty boards to gain experience, in-game monetary rewards, and reward items. Players can also gain these items by defeating enemies throughout the game. As the player gains level, they gain skill points to allocate across a skill tree. The game introduces four new playable characters: Amara, a "Siren" who summons ethereal fists; Moze, a young "Gunner" who rides the mecha Iron Bear; Zane, an "Operative" with a variety of gadgets; and FL4K, a robot "Beastmaster" who summons creatures to aid in fights. Unlike previous Borderlands games, where each character had only one unique skill that operates on a cooldown, each character in the new game can unlock three unique skills, though only one (or in Zane's case, two) can be equipped at a time, greatly expanding the number of potential character builds a player can make.

Borderlands 3 shares the same core loop with previous games around taking on missions, defeating enemies, and obtaining loot from fallen foes or special chests, most often in the form of procedurally generated weapons to vary in damage, range, ammo capacity, and other special perks, giving the game "over one billion guns". Perks can include elemental effects, such as damaging the foes with fire, ice, or electricity, or may possess alternative firing behavior, among other visual differences. In Borderlands 2, some weapons had "slag" elemental, which coated the enemy for a short period and made them extremely vulnerable to a subsequent elemental attack from a different element. Slag weapons have been replaced with radiation; the coating and subsequent vulnerability remains the same as slag, but radiation damage will also hurt enemies over time on its own and can potentially spread to other enemies. The in-game manufacture of the guns also plays a larger role in the type of perks a weapon can have. Tediore guns can be thrown when empty and create additional effects, Atlas have tracking bullets to hunt down enemies in cover, and Hyperion can have shields that absorb damage and use that for other purposes such as healing as well as having a reverse recoil mechanic. Other randomly-generated items include class modifiers, grenade modifiers, shield kits and relics. When playing with others, Borderlands 3s loot can be generated on a per-server basis, meaning that players must split the loot, but new to the series, players can also have loot generated on a per-player basis so that each player gains the same loot, scaled for their character level. This option also exists for the enemies seen in-game; by default enemies only scale with the player-character's level that is operating the server, but when enabled, each player sees enemies that match their individual levels.

Besides character skills and weapons, player-characters have new combat maneuvers and abilities, such as crouch-sliding influenced by the mechanic in Titanfall and Apex Legends, and wall-mounting to climb up over short heights. Players and their enemies can take cover behind short barriers which can be destroyed after continued weapon onslaught.

While the game starts on the planet Pandora, the player early on gains access to a spacecraft, Sanctuary III, which serves as a central hub between missions, and is used to set destinations for new planets where possible Vaults have been identified. While aboard Sanctuary III, players can manage their inventory, recover guns they had left on the field, redo their skill tree, purchase new guns and upgrades, and take on optional missions. Borderlands 3 has integration with Twitch streams; viewers can explore the streamer's inventory and skill tree, and special chests in game will offer the opportunity for viewers to receive the same gun/item that the stream finds via way of a Shift Code they can enter into their own game, scaled appropriately for their character's level.

Gearbox creative director Paul Sage estimated that players will spend about 35 hours through the main quest line along with some side missions. True Vault Hunter Mode, a type of New Game Plus, allows players to replay the campaign after finishing it with their leveled-up character, fighting more difficult enemies for a chance of better loot. The Badass Rank system from Borderlands 2 will be replaced with a Guardian Rank system, which, by finishing smaller challenges throughout the game, allows players to gain buffs that persist across all their characters. Borderlands 3 will include new post-game challenges. "Circles of Slaughter" found on various planets have players attempt to fight through difficult waves of enemies for higher quality of loot. While downed players can be revived by teammates, if all player-characters die, the match is over and any potential rewards are lost. "Proving Grounds" are a type of raid that must be first discovered by finding hidden markings across the game's worlds. Once discovered, players attempt to defeat all enemies across three areas within 30 minutes to complete the challenge and earn their rewards. A further "Mayhem Mode" randomizes several of the game's campaign elements to further increase the challenge to the player.

Plot

Setting and characters
As part of the Borderlands series, Borderlands 3 is centered on the planet Pandora, which has been long-rumored to contain Vaults holding vast amounts of treasure and technology, left behind by a mysterious alien civilization known as the Eridians. In decades prior, several corporations have laid siege to Pandora to try to find the Vaults, but the constant conflict and bloodshed has left the planet and its population ravaged and crazed. However, there are still those independently searching for the Vaults, known as Vault Hunters (the player characters).

Borderlands 3 takes place seven years after the events of Borderlands 2 and Tales from the Borderlands. In Borderlands 2, it was discovered that numerous other Vaults exist on other planets in the galaxy. In the power vacuum left by the defeat of Handsome Jack, twin siblings Troy and Tyreen Calypso form the Children of the Vault (COV), a violent cult of personality formed from the remnants of the planet's many bandit factions, to gain possession of the other Vaults, specifically one called 'the Great Vault'. Lilith, a member of a race of women with alien powers called 'Sirens' and current leader of the Crimson Raiders, a resistance force created to protect Pandora, recruits new Vault Hunters to help stop the Calypsos.

Several characters from past Borderlands games make a return. Previously playable Vault Hunters Lilith, Claptrap, Zer0, Maya, Brick, and Mordecai appear as NPCs. Aurelia, Sir Hammerlock's sister and one of the playable Vault Hunters in Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel, also appears as a boss. Returning NPCs include gun salesman Marcus Kincaid, explosives expert Tiny Tina (now going by just Tina), entrepreneur Miss Mad Moxxi and her mechanic daughter Ellie, cyborg hunter Sir Alistair Hammerlock, archaeologist Patricia Tannis, weapons manufacturer Mr. Torgue, and isolating Eridium trader Crazy Earl. Rhys Strongfork, one of the two playable protagonists in Tales from the Borderlands, and his best friend Vaughn also appear. Playable Vault Hunters from previous titles, including Timothy Lawrence from The Pre-Sequel and Gaige, Krieg, Axton, and Salvador from Borderlands 2, are featured as NPCs in the game's DLC campaigns and modes.

Synopsis
Answering a recruiting call from the Crimson Raiders, a team of Vault Hunters (Amara, Moze, Zane, and FL4K) arrive on Pandora and meet Lilith, who orders them to recover a lost Vault map, which the Children of the Vault (COV) have recently obtained. The Vault Hunters find the map, which directs them to the city-planet of Promethea, the location of the first discovered Vault and the Atlas corporation's headquarters. However, before they can depart, they are ambushed by Tyreen and Troy, who reveal they are both Sirens from being conjoined at birth and that Troy needs Tyreen's powers to survive. Tyreen steals Lilith's powers with her life-draining abilities, then takes the map and leaves for Promethea with Troy.

The Vault Hunters and Crimson Raiders take the Sanctuary III ship to Promethea. On arrival, they find the planet under attack by the Maliwan corporation and COV forces, as Maliwan's CEO, Katagawa Jr., has joined forces with the Calypso Twins on a hostile takeover attempt on Atlas, now owned by Rhys. The Vault Hunters help Rhys stall the attack, after which he directs them to the planet Athenas where the Promethean Vault Key is kept. On Athenas, the Vault Hunters help Maya and her apprentice Ava recover the Key, learning it is only one-third of the artifact. Maya and Ava join the Crimson Raiders. The Vault Hunters return to Promethea, disable Maliwan's orbital laser cannon powered by the second part of the Key, and kill Katawaga Jr. Rhys gives them the last part of the Key and the Vault's location. Inside it, the Vault Hunters defeat the Rampager, an alien beast held within it. The Calypso Twins arrive, and Tyreen absorbs the Rampager's power, revealing their plan to absorb the power of the Vault monsters on their way to the Great Vault. Ava attempts to fight them but is overpowered. Maya intervenes to save her, but Troy kills her by draining her life force and powers.

The Vault Hunters and Crimson Raiders head to the next Vault on the swamp planet of Eden-6, owned by the Jakobs family, where the COV are also invading. Wainwright Jakobs, heir to the Jakobs corporation, agrees to help the Vault Hunters obtain the Eden Vault Key if they rescue his lover Alastair Hammerlock. The Vault Hunters find Hammerlock, who reveals he was betrayed by his sister Aurelia, who has sided with the Calypso Twins and seized the Jakobs corporation in exchange for handing them the Vault Key. The Vault Hunters gather the three pieces of the Eden-6 Vault Key and kill Aurelia. They open the Vault and defeat its monster, the Graveward. Patricia Tannis then drains the Graveward's energy before Tyreen can absorb it. Enraged, the Calypsos kidnap Tannis and take her back to Pandora to publicly execute her.

The Vault Hunters and Crimson Raiders return to Pandora to rescue Tannis. During the rescue, Tannis reveals that she also has Siren powers inherited from Angel after her death, a fact both she and Lilith kept a secret. Tannis warns that the Calypso Twins are preparing to open the Great Vault and drain the energy of the monster within it. The Vault Hunters assault the COV's main headquarters, but are too late to prevent Troy from activating the Vault's Key, which is the entire moon of Elpis. The Vault Hunters fight and kill Troy, resulting in Ava inheriting the Siren powers he had stolen from Maya. However, the Great Vault starts opening and Tyreen absorbs Troy's energy before escaping. The Vault Hunters are contacted by Typhon DeLeon, the first Vault Hunter, who warns them that the Great Vault contains an interdimensional monster called the Destroyer, which can consume the entire universe. He summons the Vault Hunters to the lost Eridian homeworld, Nekrotafeyo.

At Nekrotafeyo, Typhon explains that the Great Vault isn't simply located on Pandora, but is actually the entire planet itself. The Eridians created it to act as a prison and sacrificed their entire civilization to capture the Destroyer, but left behind the machine they used in case the Destroyer escaped. As they gather the four Vault Keys needed to power the device, Tyreen reveals that Typhon is her and Troy's father. Typhon admits that he had tried to keep the twins with him on Nekrotafeyo to protect them, but they saw it as a prison, becoming bitter and power-hungry. Tyreen disables the machine before it can be used and mortally wounds Typhon before fleeing to Pandora.

The Vault Hunters reach Tyreen just as she merges with the Destroyer. They defeat her, and Lilith regains her Siren powers. However, Elpis still threatens to destroy Pandora as it continues to open the Great Vault. Lilith sacrifices herself to shut down Elpis, leaving a flaming Firehawk sign branded on the moon. During the credits, scenes depict the Vault Hunters, the Crimson Raiders, and their allies honoring and memorializing Lilith and everyone looking at the Firehawk sigil on Elpis.

Development

Borderlands 3 was developed jointly by Gearbox's Texas and Quebec studios. Gearbox had finished Borderlands and its sequel consecutively, leaving the studio somewhat burned out on the franchise. To try to do something different, Gearbox shifted work into Battleborn with the blessing of 2K Games, as a means of refreshing themselves. Battleborn was not a major success, but Gearbox was not disheartened on this. According to art director Scott Kester, while developing Battleborn, they gained several ideas for how to take the next Borderlands game, and many of the team, as soon as Battleborn was complete, started building out these ideas for Borderlands 3.

Gearbox Quebec undertook developing Borderlands 3 as their first assignment, and said that they were doing so without compulsory overtime ("crunch"). The game was announced with a trailer at PAX East on 28 March 2019. The trailer received mixed reviews by video game websites, some of which characterized it as too similar in appearance and content to previous entries in the series such as Borderlands 2.

To help bridge the gap between Borderlands 2 and Tales from the Borderlands to Borderlands 3, Gearbox released new DLC for Borderlands 2, "Commander Lilith & the Fight for Sanctuary", in June 2019, making it free for a limited time to current owners of Borderlands 2.

Several voice actors reprised their roles, including Ashly Burch as Tiny Tina, and Chris Hardwick as Vaughn from Tales from the Borderlands. The recasting of other voice actors caused some controversy. Gearbox CEO Randy Pitchford quarreled on Twitter with the voice actors Troy Baker (Rhys) and David Eddings (Claptrap) about the reasons for which both were not retained to voice their former character again. Eddings said that he had been bullied and physically assaulted by his former boss Pitchford. According to Baker, Gearbox had refused to want to deal with members from the voice actor's union, SAG-AFTRA. Baker and Eddings were replaced by Ray Chase as Rhys and Jim Foronda as Claptrap. Ice-T voices a character called Balex, an artificial intelligence trapped in the body of a teddy bear. Penn & Teller provide their likeness for the characters Pain & Terror, with Penn Jillette also providing his voice work for the Pain character. The Heavy recorded an original song for the game titled "Put It On The Line".

In June 2019, Gearbox invited Trevor Eastman, a series fan with terminal cancer, to play a preview build of the game. They let him name a weapon, the "Trevonator", that appears in the game. In August 2019, 2K Games and its parent company Take-Two Interactive sent private investigators to the home of a YouTuber, SupMatto. Take-Two said that he had let users access, for a fee, non-public gameplay videos of Borderlands 3, which he denied. 2K called its actions necessary to protect its trade secrets. In response, calls for a boycott of the game began trending on Twitter.

Marketing and release
Powered by Unreal Engine 4, the game was released on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows on 13 September 2019. While the game did not feature cross-platform play at launch, Gearbox is looking to add this feature in after launch. Four different versions of the game were released, with various add-ons, at different price points, including physical bonuses.

The game's release was preceded by a limited-time crossover event in the tenth season of Epic Games' Fortnite Battle Royale and Fortnite Creative.  Players can explore a part of the planet Pandora on a small part of the Battle Royale mode's main map, as well as purchase the character Psycho with Claptrap as a backwear.

The Windows release of Borderlands 3 was exclusive to the Epic Games Store for six months, with the Steam release in March 2020. Documents unveiled during the Epic Games v. Apple trial revealed that Epic had paid  to 2K for this exclusivity. Fan dissatisfaction with this exclusivity arrangement led to a review bombing of the Borderlands games on Steam. Valve, the operators of Steam, used their new processes to combat review bombing for the first time to suppress the negative reviews on the Borderlands games as a result.

Gearbox announced plans to bring the game to the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S consoles. The game will have free updates with all DLC already purchased for users on the prior respect console to be available on the launch day for both consoles (12 November 2020 for the PlayStation 5 and 10 November 2020 for the Xbox Series X/S). In addition to updates with these versions, the game will be updated to support two or four-player local split-screen multiplayer, and will add in additional skill trees for the four main characters. There are also plans to add cross-platform play between the different platforms in the future.

Post-release
Gearbox planned to release additional content through paid downloadable content for Borderlands 3, though does not plan to add any additional playable characters.

The first content pack, Moxxi's Heist of the Handsome Jackpot, was released on 19 December 2019 for all platforms. The content features the players helping Moxxi take back a casino that Handsome Jack stole from her prior to his death. The second content pack, Guns, Love and Tentacles: The Marriage of Wainwright & Hammerlock was released on 26 March 2020, which is a Lovecraftian-themed DLC and focuses on the characters Wainwright Jakobs and Sir Hammerlock, who are planning their wedding in the cult-controlled planet Xylourgos. The third content pack, Bounty of Blood was released on 25 June 2020 and is a Western-inspired DLC that also incorporates Japanese aesthetics. The fourth content pack, Psycho Krieg and the Fantastic Fustercluck, featuring the return of the character Krieg from Borderlands 2, was released on 10 September 2020. These four content packs were available as the game's first season pass available from the game's release.

In April 2020, Gearbox added "Borderlands Science", a tile-matching mini-game that was developed in conjunction with McGill University, Massively Multiplayer Online Science, and The Microsetta Initiative. The game is designed to present puzzles formulated from DNA sequences from the medical studies from research into the human gut microbiome. If a player is able to achieve a minimum score for a given level, then this indicates they have found a possible match that can be flagged to researchers for further study, since not all sequences will necessarily have such a possible match. Players are rewarded with special in-game skins and limited-time loot boosters for completing these puzzles.

A second season pass was announced for the game's second year to be available 10 November 2020. The new pass includes two new content packs, titled "Designer's Cut" and "Director's Cut". "Designer's Cut" includes a new skill tree for each of the game's characters, and features a new game mode titled "Arms Race", which is Borderlands' own take on the battle royale genre. "Director's Cut" introduces small story missions and features a raid boss encounter, in addition to a new menu section that lets players view concept arts and behind-the-scenes videos.

Additionally, Gearbox has the ability to hot-fix in patches and other updates to the game, allowing them to offer limited-time events. One of the first such events was a ten-year anniversary event for the Borderlands series, which had launched in October 2009. Within Borderlands 3, several week-long events offering better loot drops and unique challenges were made available during October 2019. On 24 October 2019, Borderlands 3 enabled its first Halloween-themed seasonal event, "Bloody Harvest", which ran until 5 December 2019. "Maliwan Takedown", a free content update, was added to the game permanently on 22 November 2019, adding a new end-game challenge for players featuring new enemies and raid bosses. On 23 April 2020, the second seasonal event, "Revenge of the Cartels", was added to the game, which lasted until 4 June 2020.

In October 2020, Gearbox announced next generation console support for the Xbox Series X/S and PlayStation 5 platforms to come via a free update. This was planned to commence day-and-date on release of the new consoles respectively on 10 November for Xbox and 12 November for PlayStation. This support promises to fully optimize and take advantage of their processing power. Alongside vertical two-player split screen, "Xbox Series X and PS5 will display Borderlands 3 at up to 60 FPS in 4K resolution during single-player and online co-op, and the next-gen consoles will support three-and-four-player splitscreen for local multiplayer".

During November 2020 post-patch, it was discovered that Borderlands 3 can run at up to 60 FPS in native 4K on the PlayStation 5 or Xbox Series X if the resolution mode is enabled, but can also get up to 120 FPS if run in performance mode.

A June 2021 update introduced cross-platform play across all supported platforms excluding the PlayStation systems, despite plans to support this. Gearbox said this was at the request of their publisher 2K. However, by April 2022, Gearbox affirmed that they will reintroduce crossplay with PlayStation support within a few months.

Reception

The  PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and the  PC version of Borderlands 3 received "generally favorable reviews", while the PlayStation 5 version received “universal acclaim”, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

GameSpot gave Borderlands 3 a positive review, noting its preservation of the franchise's hallmarks (including weapon variety, a "personable" cast, and "juvenile humor and ludicrous jokes"),  refinements to the skill system and player movement, and that its storyline "satisfyingly wraps up the arcs of characters that fans have been following for 10 years". However, it was felt that the flow of Borderlands 3 was still disrupted by the franchise's reliance on boss fights with little strategy and "bullet sponge" enemies. In conclusion, it was argued that "if you've never been a fan of the franchise, it's unlikely Borderlands 3 does enough things differently to change your mind, as the game best excels at continuing what the series has always done: deliver a humorous tall tale of misfits looting and shooting their way to heroism".

PC Gamer felt that Borderlands 3 was "the best and worst of the series all at once", acknowledging refinements to gameplay and its signature visual style, but that enemies were still "too dumb and erratic and spongy to force tactical play", and that while the different planets provided variety over the "muted deserts" of Pandora, they were often "an excuse to roll out an old character only for them to disappear or fade into the background as soon as they say hello, shoot some folks, and crack a few one-liners in sidequests that do little to reveal anything about them or test them in any way." It was also felt that the game's endgame options were "shallow" at-launch, and that its overall writing was not as good as the "pitch perfect" Tales from the Borderlands, and "[read] like teenage lunch table improv circa The Spy Who Shagged Me."

During launch, a number of Windows players experienced technical performance issues with the game, while console players found lower-than-expected frame rates, both of which Gearbox is investigating.

Sales
According to publisher 2K, Borderlands 3 shipped more than five million copies in five days from release. In addition, the sales for the MS Windows version in this time were the highest for any 2K title to date, and more than 70% of all purchases were made through digital distribution. With these sales, the total Borderlands franchise has made more than  in revenue. The game had sold more than 8 million copies by the end of 2019, according to Take-Two. In May 2022, Take-Two revealed sales number over 15 million copies. By 2023, the game has sold over 18 million copies.

Awards

References

External links

2019 video games
Action role-playing video games
Borderlands (series) games
First-person shooters
Gearbox Software games
LGBT-related video games
Looter shooters
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiplayer online games
Nintendo Switch games
Open-world video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Stadia games
Unreal Engine games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in Canada
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games scored by Michael McCann
Video games set on fictional planets
Windows games
Xbox One games
Xbox Series X and Series S games
Video games set in the 29th century
2K games
Video games about cults


title: Agios Dimitrios, Dio-Olympos

text:
Agios Dimitrios () is a village of the Dio-Olympos municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of East Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 14 inhabitants in the village. Agios Dimitrios is a part of the community of Poroi.

See also
 List of settlements in the Pieria regional unit

References

Populated places in Pieria (regional unit)