title: Mari Asato

text:
is a Japanese film director.

Primarily known for the film Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), part of The Grudge film installments, her other films include the politically undertoned Samurai Chicks (Dokuritsu Shôjo Gurentai) (2004), the cinematic rendition of Boy From Hell (2004), Twilight Syndrome: Dead Go Round (2008), Ring of Curse (2011), Bilocation (2012), and Fatal Frame (2014).

Early life
Mari Asato began her career as a photographer working as an apprentice under Kiyoshi Kurosawa during the filming of Barren Illusions in 1999. A few years later she worked under Hiroshi Takahashi as an assistant director on the production of Sodom the Killer (2004). It was after this time Asato began directing her own films, mostly contributing to already well-known horror franchises. In 2011, she entered her most successful and active phase of film-making, continuously releasing sequels and feature films.

Career

Ring of Curse (Gomennasai) (2011)
Gomennasai (ごめんなさい )

Also known as Gomennasai, Ring of Curse literally means "I'm sorry". The film is an adaptation of Yuka Hidaka's mobile phone novel Gomennasai. Structured similarly to the original novel, the film follows a chaptered structure of diary entries.

Bilocation (2012)
Asato's second feature film, released in 2012, is based on an award-winning novel by Hojo Haruka in 2010 which won best Japanese Horror novel of the year. Noted for its near all-female production team and cast, Bilocation is a revolution to the doppelgänger genre. Directed by a woman and starring a female lead, as well as being an adaptation drawing from the works of Hojo, the female-authored Bilocation distinguished itself from the male-dominated genre.

Composed on the basis Freudian themes of human desire, Bilocation or 'the state of being in two places simultaneously' is the overriding theme of the film. Starring a veteran of Japanese horror (Asami Mizukawa) the film draws multiple hidden parallels to doppelgänger tropes and religion (specifically the story of Cain and Abel in the Book of Genesis).

Fatal Frame (Gekijōban Zero) (2014)
Otherwise known as Gekijoban Zero, Fatal Frame is a dark horror film playing with themes of sexuality and intense atmospheric tones. Drawing direct inspiration from the original Fatal Frame video-game franchise also known as Project Zero for PlayStation 2, Fatal Frame's horror experience mimics the atmosphere of the game, a style that is well known in the contemporary Japanese horror genre. Also an adaptation of Eiji Otsuka's original novel Fatal Frame: A Curse Affecting Only Girls, Asato uses the graphic description and contents to build a greater horror base in visual effects.

Set in an all-girls high school, Asato plays with both underlying and prominent aspects of homosexual interactions. With an all-female cast, Fatal Frame actively presents a classic horror genre film in a pro-female light. Regarding the Bechdel Test, the female interactions coincide with the lack of male presence and minimal verbal mention of male characters. In reference to the all-girl high school, Asato either builds upon or avoids generalized female gender tropes while casting new unknown actresses.

The film often references John Everett Millais's famous painting Ophelia, the mid-Victorian piece in which Shakespeare's famous character Ophelia, from his play Hamlet, drowns herself in a stream due to madness. Asato's style is directly referencing the eerie beauty of Ophelia's corpse floating in the river. She has been referred to as creating an 'Ophelia' world in rural Japan.

Filmography
Jigoku Kozō (2004)
Dokuritsu Shôjo Gurentai (2004)
Twilight Syndrome: Dead Go Round (2008)
Ju-on: Black Ghost (2009)
Gomennasai (2011)
Bilocation (2014)
Gekijōban Zero (2014)
Hyouka (2017)
Under Your Bed (2019)

See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

External links

Horror film directors
Japanese film directors
Living people
1976 births


title: List of political parties in Vietnam

text:
This article lists political parties in Vietnam.

Vietnam is a Marxist–Leninist one-party state based on democratic centralism. Only one political party, the Communist Party of Vietnam () is legally allowed to hold effective power. Vietnamese elections conform to the popular front principle used in communist countries. The united front in Vietnam is called the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and is led by the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Other parties
Only the Communist Party of Vietnam is legal to operate in Vietnam, other parties exist outside Vietnam or secretly operate inside Vietnam:
Bloc 8406 () (prohibited in Vietnam)
Committee for a Workers International (prohibited in Vietnam)
Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam (DVQDĐ) () (outside Vietnam)
People's Action Party of Vietnam (PAP) () (outside Vietnam)
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDĐ) () (outside Vietnam)
Vietnam Reform Revolutionary Party (Việt Tân) () (outside Vietnam, prohibited in Vietnam)
Vietnam Populist Party (ĐVD) () (outside Vietnam, prohibited in Vietnam)

Many members of these parties have been jailed in Vietnam under the charge of "attempt to overthrow the government". Political rights are very limited in Vietnam, especially the right to change the form of government.

Defunct parties
Cochinese Democratic Party
Constitutional Party
Democratic Party of Vietnam () (disbanded in 1988)
Forces for National Reconciliation
International Communist League (Vietnam)
National Social Democratic Front () (disbanded in 1975)
Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party () (disbanded in 1963)
Socialist Party of Vietnam () (disbanded in 1988)
Viet Cong (National Liberation Front of South Vietnam)

See also
Politics of Vietnam
List of political parties by country

References

Vietnam
Vietnam

Political parties
Political parties


title: Tauja

text:
Tauja (possibly from Quechua for heap, pile,) is a  mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru. It is situated in the Calca Province, San Salvador District, and in the Paucartambo Province, Caicay District, northeast of Huaypun. The Vilcanota River flows around its southern and western slopes. In the east the mountain is bordered by the Huancamayo (possibly from Quechua for "stone river"). It is a right tributary of the Vilcanota River. The confluence is south of the mountain.

See also
 Pachatusan
 Pumacancha
 Curi

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic

text:
This is a list of prime ministers of the Czech Republic, a political office that was created in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

The Czech Republic is a parliamentary representative democracy, with the Prime Minister acting as head of government and the President acting as head of state.

The first Prime Minister of the Czech Republic was Václav Klaus, who served as the second President from 7 March 2003 until 7 March 2013. The current and 13th Prime Minister is Petr Fiala, leader of the ODS, who was appointed by the President on November 28, 2021.

Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
6 March 1990 – 31 December 1992: called "Czech Republic" within Czechoslovakia.

Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic

 Parties

Czech Republic (1993–present)
From 1 January 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic

 Parties

Timeline

See also
List of rulers of Bohemia
List of presidents of Czechoslovakia
List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia
List of prime ministers of the Czech Socialist Republic
List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia
List of presidents of the Czech Republic
Lists of incumbents

External links
Prime Minister - Government of the Czech Republic

References

Czech Republic
Government of the Czech Republic
Prime Ministers


title: Maharaj Kumar of Vizianagram's XI cricket team in India and Ceylon in 1930–31

text:
Maharajkumar of Vizianagram (known as "Vizzy") created an international team including Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe to tour India and Ceylon from November 1930 to January 1931 and played a series of matches against leading or regional Indian and Ceylonese teams with nine of the games rated first-class by most cricket sources (see also Variations in published cricket statistics). "Vizzy" captained the team himself. Besides Hobbs and Sutcliffe, the team included future Indian Test players C. K. Nayudu and Syed Mushtaq Ali.

References

External links

1930 in Indian cricket
1930 in Ceylon
1931 in Indian cricket
Indian cricket tours of Sri Lanka
International cricket competitions from 1918–19 to 1945
Indian cricket seasons from 1918–19 to 1944–45
Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72
Multi-national cricket tours of India
Multi-national cricket tours of Sri Lanka


title: Port Ballona, California

text:
Port Ballona is an archaic place name for an area near the center of Santa Monica Bay in coastal Los Angeles County, where Playa Del Rey and Del Rey Lagoon are located today. Port Ballona was a planned harbor and town site from circa 1859 to 1903. The name comes from the Rancho La Ballona Mexican land grant.

Port Ballona consisted of the current Del Rey Lagoon Park but conceptually also included the current Ballona Wetlands State Ecological Reserve alongside the estuarine river Ballona Creek, which flowed into and alongside the marsh within earthen levees built of soft-bottomed wetland soil. While these plans never came to fruition, and the area remains a primarily residential neighborhood, the wetlands immediately to the north were eventually developed into Marina del Rey, North America's largest man-made small-craft harbor.

History
In 1839, the Mexican government granted the Machados and Talamantes families title to Rancho La Ballona.

In 1857, Benjamin D. Wilson, the mayor of Los Angeles, through foreclosure received title to a quarter of Rancho La Ballona. Later, in 1859, Wilson, for $5000, sold  of Rancho La Ballona to George A. Sanford and John D. Young. During the Civil War, General George Wright ordered troops to secure Port Ballona against any Confederacy invasion; by 1862, a large force of 6,000 Union troops were at and near Port Ballona. The troop camp was called Camp Latham after Milton Latham.

The Great Flood of 1862 turned the Port and the land around it into a swamp for six months.

In 1863, Louis Mesmer sold his Los Angeles bakery and purchased extensive land holdings from the Machados, including Port Ballona. In 1887, Louis Mesmer and Moye Wicks made a small harbor at Port Ballona. Moye Wicks starts the Ballona Harbor and Improvement Company in 1887, with plans to make the port a major sea port. On August 21, 1887, the Town of Port Ballona was developed by Louis Mesmer and Moye Wicks. By 1889, Ballona Harbor and Improvement Company was out of funds to complete the maintain and expand the port, they could not keep the Port open. Louis Mesmer and Moye Wicks sold the port and land around the port to Moses Sherman. Sherman purchased  of land around the Ballona lagoon and the Port Ballona in 1902 under the name, Beach Land Company.

Port Ballona rail depot was built at the port and serviced by the California Central Railway opening in September 1887; this line later became the Santa Fe Railway, that later became the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. The rail line ran from the port to Redondo junction.

Sherman and Clark renamed the port and land around the port to Del Rey in 1903. Port Ballona, in 1903, was renamed Playa Del Rey by Sherman and Clark.

Port Ballona Street car depot, built by Sherman's Redondo and Hermosa Beach Railroad, was part of the Los Angeles Pacific Railroad. The Sherman's tram line opened in December 1902, it departed Downtown Los Angeles at 4th & Broadway.

In the 1880s and 1890s, parts of Venice, Playa Vista, Culver City, and Mar Vista were also part of Port Ballona.

See also

Port of Los Angeles Long Wharf Santa Monica
Port of Los Angeles San Pedro
Port of Long Beach

References

Former settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Marina del Rey, California
Playa del Rey, Los Angeles
Populated coastal places in California
Populated places established in 1839
Populated places disestablished in 1903
1839 establishments in Alta California
1903 disestablishments in California
19th century in Los Angeles


title: Howrah–Anand Vihar Superfast Express

text:
The 12323 / 24 Howrah–Anand Vihar Superfast Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Eastern Railway zone that runs between  and Anand Vihar Terminal railway station in India.

It operates as train number 12323 from Howrah Junction to Anand Vihar Terminal railway station and as train number 12324 in the reverse direction, serving the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.

The train is extended till Barmer from 1 September 2020. Since normal operation is not going on, hence the COVID Special service of this train is right now operating from Barmer.

Coaches

The 12323 / 24 Howrah–Anand Vihar Superfast Express has 1 AC 1st Class cum AC 2 tier, 2 AC 2 tier, 5 AC 3 tier, 13 Sleeper class, 4 Unreserved/General and 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake coaches. It also carries a pantry car.

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

Service

The 12323 Howrah–Anand Vihar Superfast Express covers the distance of  in 22 hours 10 mins (65.28 km/h) and in 23 hours 00 mins as 12324 Anand Vihar–Howrah Superfast Express (62.91 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is above , as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

Routeing

The 12323 / 24 Howrah–Anand Vihar Superfast Express runs from Howrah Junction via , , , ,  to Anand Vihar Terminal railway station.

Gallery

References

External links

 http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/2002-03.pdf

Delhi–Kolkata trains
Express trains in India
Rail transport in Jharkhand
Rail transport in Bihar
Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh


title: Pierre Garnier de Laboissière

text:
Pierre Garnier, comte de Laboissière (11 March 1755 – 14 April 1809) was a French army general who commanded an infantry division during the War of the Second Coalition. After enrolling in a military academy in 1769, he joined a dragoon regiment in 1772 as a sous lieutenant. In 1779, he was promoted to captain. In late 1792 during the War of the First Coalition he was given command of a cavalry regiment with the grade of colonel. While serving in the Army of the Rhine he was captured by the Prussians. After a prisoner  exchange, he was promoted to général de brigade in October 1793. Laboissière was promoted to général de division in February 1799. He fought at Stockach and led a division at Novi. In the summer and fall of 1799 he fought in several actions near Genoa. Later he commanded troops in Switzerland. Napoleon appointed him to the Sénat conservateur in 1802, awarded him the Commander's Cross of the Légion d'Honneur in 1804 and made him a comte de l'empire in 1808. He died in Paris in April 1809. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 15.

Career
During the Battle of Trippstadt on 12–13 July 1794, Laboissière commanded the divisional artillery of Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr's division. One of his officers placed his battery is a badly exposed position, and a body of Prussian cavalry led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher pounced on it, seizing two artillery pieces. In the melee Laboissière was also captured.

At the Battle of Biberach Laboissière led a brigade in Saint-Cyr's division. Massing a battery of 24 artillery pieces, Saint-Cyr launched his main assault on the Austrian center, while leaving Laboissière's brigade to contain the enemy left flank under Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de Condé and Karl Mercandin. The attack in the center made good progress, but Laboissière sent Saint-Cyr a number of messages for help, claiming that his brigade was in the process of being overwhelmed. Finally, Saint-Cyr suspended the main attack and went to the rescue with some troops. By this time, Condé and Mercandin were starting to retreat after seeing that the Austrian center was being driven in. At the head of some cavalry, Saint-Cyr tried to cut off the enemy but Condé and Mercandin narrowly escaped across the Riss River. Saint-Cyr then returned to the center to complete the rout of Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour's Austrian army.

Notes

References

French generals
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Counts of the First French Empire
People from Charente
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
Members of the Sénat conservateur
1755 births
1809 deaths


title: Gaetan Proulx

text:
Gaétan Proulx is a bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec. Born 27 May 1947 in Saint-Denis-de-Brompton, Quebec, he became a Professed Member of the Order of Servants of Mary On 5 Sep 1969 and was ordained a priest on 8 Jun 1975.

On 12 December 2011 he was appointed, by pope Benedict XVI, Auxiliary Bishop of Québec, Canada and Titular Bishop of Azura in North Africa. His principle consecrators were Bishops Paul Lortie, Bishop of Mont-Laurier and Gilles Lemay, Bishop of Amos.

References

21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Canada
1947 births
Living people
People from Estrie


title: Good Girls Don't Wear Trousers

text:
Good Girls Don't Wear Trousers (Italian: Volevo i pantaloni) is an autobiographical novel by Lara Cardella. It was published by Mondadori in 1989, when the author was only 19.

The novel, which tells the plight of a teenager forced into the mental and cultural restrictions of Sicily in the 1980s, achieved unexpected success.  It became a social phenomenon and was translated into several languages.

In 1990, the book was adapted into a film with the same name directed by Maurizio Ponzi. In 1995, Cardella wrote a sequel to the book, entitled Volevo i pantaloni 2.

On the twentieth anniversary of the first publication in 2009, Mondadori published a new edition of the book which included a previously unpublished interview with the author.

References

1989 novels
Italian novels adapted into films
Novels set in Sicily
Italian autobiographical novels
Arnoldo Mondadori Editore books


title: KRU Music

text:
Macmillan McGraw-Hill Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian record label formed in 1996 by the singers-songwriters-producers jointly known as "The Fresh Beat Band". Initially formed as KRU Records as a joint venture company with EMI, KRU Music changed its name and went fully independent in 1999 and have worked with Taiwan-based label Rock Records (1999 to 2001), Warner Music (2002 to 2004), EMI (2004 to 2006), United Studios (2007 to 2013) and currently Sony Music as distributors for their physical album releases. One Stop Music has released KRU Music's catalogue on digital formats since 2006.

KRU Music is one of the biggest independent labels in South East Asia with offices in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.

Artists
Jaclyn Victor
#tag
Hazury
Qasri
Yo Gabba Gabba!
Fitri Hakim
Choo Choo Soul
ZiaBella
Zendaya
Yvette Gonzalez-Nacer
Forteen
The Fresh Beat Band
Wings
Capital Cities
KRU
Elite
Marsha
Slumber Party Girls
Adam AF2
Mojo
ZizanKRU
Iqwan Alif

References

Malaysian record labels
1996 establishments in Malaysia
Record labels established in 1996
Privately held companies of Malaysia


title: Juncusol

text:
Juncusol is a 9,10-dihydrophrenathrene found in Juncus species such as J. acutus, J. effusus or J. roemerianus.

It can also be synthesized.

This compound shows antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. It also has a toxic effect on estuarine fish and shrimp.

References

External links
 Juncusol at kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp

Phenanthrenoids
Vinyl compounds


title: Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument

text:
The Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument, also known as the Spanish–American War Memorial or simply Soldiers Monument, is an outdoor sculpture and war memorial monument honoring the dead of the 2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War. The monument was created by American artist Douglas Tilden and located in Lownsdale Square, in the Plaza Blocks of downtown Portland, Oregon. It features a bronze statue on a marble pedestal and granite base. The monument is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

Description

The memorial statue was designed by sculptor Douglas Tilden and installed in Lownsdale Square in Portland's Plaza Blocks in 1906 to honor the 2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment troops who served in the Spanish–American War. It features two Howitzer cannons, set low to the ground, which were collected in 1902 by Henry E. Dosch. He was given permission by the War Department to bring them to Portland after he found them buried in sand in Charleston, South Carolina. There is also a bronze plaque which reads: "Howitzers fired in the defense of Fort Sumpter 1861".

History
Plans for a monument to honor the dead of the 2nd Oregon Volunteers began early in 1899 with the sale of book subscriptions for $0.25 with a small percentage going toward the monument. The monument committee favored a design similar to one in honor of the 39th Pennsylvania Infantry at Gettysburg with a bronze statue and a marble pedestal. The committee also required that the base, shaft, and cornice be cut from a single piece of granite and remain in one piece. E.W. Wright, the Portland representative of a quarry in Barre, Vermont, received a contract for $8,000, and the stone was cut in Vermont from Barre Granite and shipped to Portland. A $5,000 contract was awarded for the statue. Weight of the pedestal was , and when topped by the statue the height was about .

See also

 1906 in art
 Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial, River View Cemetery

References

External links

 A Guide to Portland Public Art (PDF), pg. 3, Regional Arts & Culture Council
 Oregon: End of the Trail, pg. 128, Workers of the Writers' Program of the Works Progress Administration in the State of Oregon
 Echoes of the Civil War in Portland by Mike Francis (April 12, 2011), The Oregonian

1906 establishments in Oregon
1906 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Oregon
Granite sculptures in Oregon
Marble sculptures in Oregon
Monuments and memorials in Portland, Oregon
Outdoor sculptures in Portland, Oregon
Plaza Blocks
Sculptures by American artists
Sculptures of men in Oregon
Spanish–American War memorials in the United States
Statues in Portland, Oregon
Vandalized works of art in Oregon


title: Samuel Haynes (historian)

text:
Samuel Haynes D.D. (died 9 June 1752) was a Canon of Windsor from 1743 to 1752.

Family
He was the son of Hopton Haynes, assay master of the Royal Mint.

Career
He was King's Scholar at Eton College and later educated at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1724, M.A. in 1727, and D.D. in 1748.

He was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1720, and appointed tutor to James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury.

He was appointed:
Rector of Hatfield, Hertfordshire 1737 - 1752
Rector of Clothall, Hertfordshire 1747 - 1752

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1743, which he held until his death in 1752.

Haynes edited the Hatfield State Papers. William Oldys wrote that he was invited to participate in the edition, but turned down the offer, because papers dealing with the young Princess Elizabeth were being censored. Haynes produced one edited volume, Collection of State Papers relating to Affairs in the Reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth, from 1542 to 1570. Transcribed from the Original Letters and other Authentick Memorials left by W. Cecill, Lord Burghley, and now remaining at Hatfield House (1740). William Murdin produced two more (1759), running to 1612.

Notes

1752 deaths
Canons of Windsor
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Members of Gray's Inn
Year of birth missing


title: Hagenow Land station

text:
Hagenow Land station is a railway junction in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, which was opened on 15 October 1846. It is located about 2.5 kilometres from the centre of the small town of Hagenow. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

The suffix Land in the official station designation indicates, on the one hand, that its location is outside of Hagenow town and is used, on the other, to distinguish it from the station that is situated in the centre of Hagenow; this station is named Hagenow Stadt (town)—until 2010 it was called just Hagenow. It is connected to Hagenow Land by a 3.5 km-long branch line.

History

The fact that the Berlin-Hamburg railway ever made a 20 km detour via the comparatively small town of Hagenow, which then had 3400 inhabitants, resulted from the negotiations of the five states of Prussia, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Denmark, Lübeck and Hamburg on the construction of the line. The Mecklenburg side under Grand Duke Frederick Francis II undertook in a treaty agreed on 8 November 1841 to subscribe half of the share capital and was able to achieve a route that ran close to the Mecklenburg residence in Schwerin. Hagenow station was provided for the connection with Schwerin (and later with Rostock and Wismar). Original plans foresaw a railway station close to the town. Finally, however, the committee in charge of establishing favourable grades recorded "that a line from Berlin [...] Grabow, Ludwigslust touching Hagenow and Boitzenburg but running at a distance of 5/8 mile on the right and 1/3 mile on the left [. ..] is preferable to any other line" (note the Prussian-Mecklenburg mile was 7,532.5 metres long).

On 15 October 1846, the Berlin-Hamburg railway opened to Boizenburg, then spelled as Boitzenburg. Even before that, on 10 March 1846, the Mecklenburg Railway Company (Mecklenburgische Eisenbahngesellschaft) had received the concession to build a line from Hagenow to Schwerin.

Routes

The Berlin–Hamburg line runs from Ludwigslust, running to the northwest to Hagenow Land and turns just before the station on a wide, almost 90° curve past the wedge-shaped platform and continues to the southwest towards Boizenburg.

The pair of tracks from the direction of Schwerin runs directly from the northeast towards the northwestern side of Hagenow Land station and later connect with the line towards Hamburg. This track layout and the location of Hagenow are shown on an isometric map of 1879.

About 300 m behind the point where the routes from Schwerin and Ludwigslust converge, a single-track line branches off on a tight 90 degree turn to the north-west towards Zarrentin via Hagenow Stadt station. Originally, the line of the Hagenow Land–Bad Oldesloe railway—known as the Kaiserbahn or “Emperor Railway"—continued via Ratzeburg to Bad Oldesloe.

Significance

The Berlin-Hamburg Railway was the first railway line in the Mecklenburg area. Hagenow station thus counts together with stations of Ludwigslust, Grabow (Meckl), Brahlstorf and Boizenburg, which was also opened on 15 October 1846, as the oldest in Mecklenburg. With the opening of the line to Schwerin on 1 May 1847, the station became the first railway junction in Mecklenburg. After nationalisation under an act of 17 May 1884, the Berlin–Hamburg Railway was owned by the government of Prussia, while the line to Schwerin became part of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway (Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn). Even after the establishment of Deutsche Reichsbahn, both routes were managed by different Reichsbahn divisions (Reichsbahndirektionen) up in 1945.

Between 1894 and 1896, the Emperor Railway was opened in several stages via Ratzeburg to Oldesloe. This shortened the route of the Emperor from Berlin to the headquarters of the Imperial Navy in Kiel. Hagenow received another station on this line near the centre of the town, called Hagenow. The original Hagenow station has since been called Hagenow Land. By 1945 Hagenow Land was an important long-distance station. Almost all express trains between Berlin and Hamburg stopped there and a few express trains also ran between Berlin and Kiel via Ratzeburg and Lübeck.

After the Second World War, the line to Bad Oldesloe was interrupted at the Inner German border west of Zarrentin. The Berlin–Hamburg Railway lost importance as a result of the border. From the 1960s to the late 1980s, a single pair of express trains, an interzonal train from Hamburg to Dresden, continuing to Leipzig, stopped in Hagenow Land each day.

After 1990, long-distance traffic from Berlin and Schwerin to Hamburg increased strongly, reducing the significance of Hagenow Land station. Long-distance trains no longer stopped at the station from 1992 and have only occasionally stopped since 1996.

Passenger services to Zarrentin ended in 2000, only Hagenow Stadt station is served. Hagenow Land station is the main station of the town and is served by the Regional-Express service RE 1 between Rostock and Hamburg via Schwerin (timetable route number 100), which is the more important service. On timetable route number 172, passenger trains operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (ODEG) run from Hagenow Stadt via Hagenow Land and Ludwigslust to Neustrelitz. Connections to Berlin always require a change of trains, usually in Ludwigslust station. Freight operations at Hagenow Land station have been abandoned.

Platforms

The 200 metre-long island platform that the entrance building stands on starts at an acute angle at the junction of the Hagenow Land–Schwerin railway and the main Berlin–Hamburg line, with the two lines diverging so that at the other end it has widened to be 38 m across. In this form Hagenow Land station is a good example of a Keilbahnhof ("wedge station"). On the southeastern ("Prussian") side is track 1 and on the northwestern ("Mecklenburg") side is track 2. Opposite the latter on the line to/from Schwerin is platform 3, which is just as long but considerably narrower.

The mainline tracks of the Berlin–Hamburg line no longer have platforms. Regional trains towards Ludwigslust have to cross the track from Berlin so that they can stop on platform 1.

A pedestrian tunnel connects the wedge platform with the outer platform on track 3, which is part of the Hagenow–Schwerin line. This platform is accessible on the same level from the adjacent parking area and the bus stops.

Building

The Neoclassical station building has a two-story midsection with larger three-storey wings on both sides. Stylistically, it is distinguished by the consistent use of arches from the simple straight lines used for most of the historic station buildings on the Berlin-Hamburg line.

Georg Dehio’s Handbook of German Art History (Handbuch der deutschen Kunstgeschichte) says the building is built "in a form based on the Florentine Renaissance palaces," with “components of different heights, a symmetrical structure and horizontal elements with sill cornices, arched windows of each storey decreasing in height and a cantilevered cornice.” It is assumed that the building "...was probably built after a design by F. Neuhaus."

Although the builder and architect Friedrich Neuhaus led the construction of the entire Berlin–Hamburg railway and he was heavily involved for example in the design of the Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin, the detailed design of the station building has been lost, as is the case for almost all other stations. “However, one can assume with some certainty that Friedrich Neuhaus delivered at least the specifications for all stations on the line, which were then further developed and carried out by local builders.”

The building is a heritage-listed building and on its north side a plaque to this effect has been attached.

There are modern weather protection systems for passengers both on the wedge platform and the outer platform on track 3.

There is an excellent building with the inscription of "Post" on the side of the historical station forecourt located a few meters from the entrance building. It is similar, but built lower and in a simpler style so that it has about the same footprint as one of the side wings of the entrance building. This building is also a listed building.

Former depot

As a starting point of the first railway line towards Mecklenburg-Schwerin Hagenow Land station was equipped with the standard equipment for the maintenance and repair of railway rollingstock. These still exists, but in a highly dilapidated condition. There was a depot (Bahnbetriebswerk), which was located on the south side of the line towards Ludwigslust. It had among other things, a roundhouse with ten stalls and a turntable. Another very similar building nearby suggests a second roundhouse, but all traces of a turntable and sidings that probably once existed have disappeared. There are other sidings and a shed on the property. A former water tower, which is about 30 m-high, is located near the station building. This eleven-storey high, Brick Expressionist construction was built in 1926. It is in a highly dilapidated condition and is a heritage-listed building.

Where there is now a parking area on the western side of the station, in the 1990s there were four additional sidings, running parallel to the tracks towards Schwerin, and at the southern end there was a signal box built as a bridge over the tracks.

Notes

External links

Railway stations in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Neoclassical architecture in Germany
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1846
Buildings and structures in Ludwigslust-Parchim


title: Serra da Barbanza

text:
The Serra do Barbanza (Spanish: Sierra del Barbanza) is a mountain range in north-west Spain, extending in a south-westerly direction from Noia in Galicia.

Geography
The range forms the peninsula between the two rias of ría de Muros e Noia and ría de Arousa in the extreme west of Galicia. Due to the relatively large height of over  with respect to the proximity to the two rias it forms an impressive mountain range though small in length.

Highest peaks in the range are Monte Iroite (685 m), Pico Murralla (658 m), Torre de Inxerto (654 m) and Monte Curota (618).

Flora and fauna
Common vegetation on the mountain range is genista and pines.

Wild horses are common. Other mammals include the Iberian wolf, fox and wild pig.

See also
 Barbanza

References

Galician Massif
Mountain ranges of Galicia (Spain)


title: Hereford Brooke George

text:
Hereford Brooke George (1838–1910) was an English barrister, academic and historian, also known as an alpinist.

Life
Born at Bath, Somerset on 1 January 1838, he was eldest of the three children (two sons and a daughter) of Richard Francis George, surgeon, by his wife Elizabeth Brooke. He entered Winchester College as a scholar in 1849, and succeeded in 1856 to a fellowship at New College, Oxford. He obtained first classes in both classical and mathematical moderations in 1858, a second class in the final classical school in 1859, and a second class in the final mathematical-school in 1860. He graduated B.A. in 1860, proceeding M.A. in 1862.

George was called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 6 June 1864, and followed the western circuit till 1867, when he returned to New College as tutor in the combined school of law and history. He was ordained in 1868, but undertook no parochial work. After the separation of the law and history schools in 1872 he became history tutor of New College, and filled that office till 1891. He played a prominent part in the establishment of the inter-collegiate system of lecturing at Oxford. He remained a fellow of New College till his death.

George took a large part in the work of the university as well as in the re-organisation of his own college, which he described in his New College, 1850-1906 (1906). He was one of the first members of the Oxford University volunteer corps, and for many years he took an important share in the work of the local examinations delegacy.

George inherited money from his father, and was director of the West of England and South Wales Bank at Bristol, but took no active part in the management of its affairs. The failure of the bank in 1880 caused him financial losses, and involved him with his fellow-directors in an abortive trial for irregularities in keeping the accounts. He died at Holywell Lodge, Oxford, on 15 December 1910.

Climber
George was the founder of the Oxford Alpine Club. On his first visit to Switzerland in 1860, he met Leslie Stephen at Zermatt and accompanied him up to the Riffel by the Gorner Glacier. In 1862 he accompanied Stephen on the first passage by the Jungfrau Joch, and achieved a first ascent of the Gross Fiescherhorn. In 1863 he made a passage of the Col du Tour Noir with Christian Aimer as guide, and investigated the relative positions of the heads of the Argentine, Tour, and Saline glaciers. His interest in climbing was chiefly geographical and scientific and he was one of the first Alpine climbers to employ photography.

In 1861 Cole joined the Alpine Club in 1861, and the establishment of the Alpine Journal was suggested at a meeting in his rooms at New College; he edited its first three volumes (1863-7). In 1866 he published The Oberland and its Glaciers, written to popularise the glacier theory of John Tyndall.

Works
George's historical writing and teaching were largely concerned with military history (in which he was a pioneer at Oxford) and with the relationship between history and geography. His main publications were Battles of English History (1895), Napoleon's Invasion of Russia (1899), Relations of Geography and History (1901; 4th edit. 1910), and Historical Evidence (1909). He also compiled Genealogical Tables illustrative of Modern History (1874; 4th edit. 1904) and Historical Geography of the British Empire (1904; 4th edit. 1909).
As an alpinist and traveller, he also wrote the book "The Oberland and its Glaciers" (1886), available on the database Viatimages

Family
In 1870 George married Alice Bourdillon (d. 1893), youngest daughter of William Cole Cole of Exmouth, by whom he had two sons.

Notes

Attribution

1838 births
1910 deaths
People from Bath, Somerset
Fellows of New College, Oxford
English barristers
19th-century English historians
English mountain climbers
19th-century English lawyers
20th-century English historians


title: From Kobe

text:
is a manga series by Kon Kimura. It was adapted into a television special and a film in 2015.

Characters
Katsura Tatsuki (Izumi Fujimoto)
Yōji Hinata (Eiji Sugawara)
Hiroko Izumi (Arisa Urahama)
Kōta (Misato Tanaka)

References

External links

2015 television specials
Japanese television specials
Kodansha manga
Live-action films based on manga
Manga adapted into films
Seinen manga
Japanese drama films


title: New Zealand cricket team in Australia and Ceylon in 1937–38

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured Ceylon and Australia in October and November 1937 to play four matches, of which the three Australian matches are rated first-class. The New Zealand team was captained by Curly Page. They played the Ceylonese national team in Colombo and then three Australian state teams.

The New Zealand team were returning from their tour of England. The tour had not been financially successful, so the New Zealand Cricket Council hastily arranged the short tour of Australia in the hope of recouping their losses. The team was unchanged, except that Cyril Parsloe replaced Jack Dunning, who was unable to take any further time away from work.

Tour matches
First match

Second match

Third match

Fourth match

References

External links
 New Zealand in Australia, 1937-38 at Cricinfo
 New Zealand in Australia 1937-38 at CricketArchive

1937 in Australian cricket
1937 in New Zealand cricket
1937 in Ceylon
New Zealand cricket tours of Australia
New Zealand cricket tours of Sri Lanka
International cricket competitions from 1918–19 to 1945
Australian cricket seasons from 1918–19 to 1944–45
Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72


title: Avitta Bibba

text:
Avitta Bibba was a town in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. The town is tentatively identified with ruins at Henchir-Bour-Aouitta in Tunisia.

Bishopric

As a bishopric, Avitta Bibba was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Carthage. This may have been the see of the bishop Tertullus (Tertullus Abitensis) who took part in a council held at Cabarsussi in 393 by a breakaway group of Donatists led by Maximianus, and of the bishop Honoratus ("Honoratus Abiddensis") who at the Conference of Carthage (411) between Catholic and Donatist bishops, declared he had no Donatist counterpart in his diocese. However, the see to which one or both of these bishops belonged may instead have been Abidda in the Roman province of Byzacena.

No longer a residential bishopric, Avitta Bibba is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.

See also
Catholic Church in Tunisia

References

Catholic titular sees in Africa


title: James Malett

text:
James Malett B.D. (d. 1543) was a Canon of Windsor from 1514 to 1543.

Career

He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge where he graduated BA in 1497, MA in 1501, and BD in 1509.

He was appointed:
Chaplain to Henry VIII's first wife, Queen Katherine of Aragon
Vicar of Burnham, Buckinghamshire 1504
Rector of Great Leighs, Essex 1514 - 1542
Prebendary of Lincoln Cathedral 1519 - 1542
Rector of Leadenham, Lincolnshire 1542 - 1543
Precentor of Lincoln Cathedral 1553 - 1538
Master of the Hospital of St. Giles’, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1514 and held this until he died in 1543.

He was executed in 1543 at Chelmsford for remarks about the suppression of the monasteries.

Notes

1543 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
People executed under Henry VIII
Year of birth missing


title: Least-squares adjustment

text:
Least-squares adjustment is a model for the solution of an overdetermined system of equations based on the principle of least squares of observation residuals. It is used extensively in the disciplines of surveying, geodesy, and photogrammetry—the field of geomatics, collectively.

Formulation
There are three forms of least squares adjustment: parametric, conditional, and combined:
 In parametric adjustment, one can find an observation equation  relating observations  explicitly in terms of parameters  (leading to the A-model below).
 In conditional adjustment, there exists a condition equation which is  involving only observations  (leading to the B-model below) — with no parameters  at all.
 Finally, in a combined adjustment, both parameters  and observations  are involved implicitly in a mixed-model equation .
Clearly, parametric and conditional adjustments correspond to the more general combined case when  and , respectively. Yet the special cases warrant simpler solutions, as detailed below. Often in the literature,  may be denoted .

Solution
The equalities above only hold for the estimated parameters  and observations , thus . In contrast, measured observations  and approximate parameters  produce a nonzero misclosure:

One can proceed to Taylor series expansion of the equations, which results in the Jacobians or design matrices: the first one,

and the second one,

The linearized model then reads:

where  are estimated parameter corrections to the a priori values, and  are post-fit observation residuals.

In the parametric adjustment, the second design matrix is an identity, B=-I, and the misclosure vector can be interpreted as the pre-fit residuals, , so the system simplifies to:

which is in the form of ordinary least squares.
In the conditional adjustment, the first design matrix is null, .
For the more general cases, Lagrange multipliers are introduced to relate the two Jacobian matrices, and transform the constrained least squares problem into an unconstrained one (albeit a larger one). In any case, their manipulation leads to the  and  vectors as well as the respective parameters and observations a posteriori covariance matrices.

Computation
Given the matrices and vectors above, their solution is found via standard least-squares methods; e.g., forming the normal matrix and applying Cholesky decomposition, applying the QR factorization directly to the Jacobian matrix, iterative methods for very large systems, etc.

Worked-out examples

Applications
 Leveling, traverse, and control networks
 Bundle adjustment
 Triangulation, Trilateration, Triangulateration
 GPS/GNSS positioning
 Helmert transformation

Related concepts
Parametric adjustment is similar to most of regression analysis and coincides with the Gauss–Markov model
Combined adjustment, also known as the  (named after German mathematicians/geodesists C.F. Gauss and F.R. Helmert), is related to the errors-in-variables models and total least squares.
The use of a priori parameter covariance matrix is akin to Tikhonov regularization

Extensions
If rank deficiency is encountered, it can often be rectified by the inclusion of additional equations imposing constraints on the parameters and/or observations, leading to constrained least squares.

References

Bibliography
Lecture notes and technical reports

Nico Sneeuw and Friedhelm Krum, "Adjustment theory", Geodätisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 2014
Krakiwsky, "A synthesis of recent advances in the method of least squares", Lecture Notes #42, Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 1975
Cross, P.A. "Advanced least squares applied to position-fixing", University of East London, School of Surveying, Working Paper No. 6, , January 1994. First edition April 1983, Reprinted with corrections January 1990. (Original Working Papers, North East London Polytechnic, Dept. of Surveying, 205 pp., 1983.)
Snow, Kyle B., Applications of Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing to GPS Network Adjustments, Division of Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, 2002

Books and chapters

 Friedrich Robert Helmert. Die Ausgleichsrechnung nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate (Adjustment computation based on the method of least squares). Leipzig: Teubner, 1872. <http://eudml.org/doc/203764>.
 Reino Antero Hirvonen, "Adjustments by least squares in geodesy and photogrammetry", Ungar, New York. 261 p., , , 1971.
Edward M. Mikhail, Friedrich E. Ackermann, "Observations and least squares", University Press of America, 1982

 Peter Vaníček and E.J. Krakiwsky, "Geodesy: The Concepts." Amsterdam: Elsevier. (third ed.): , ; chap. 12, "Least-squares solution of overdetermined models", pp. 202–213, 1986.
 Gilbert Strang and Kai Borre, "Linear Algebra, Geodesy, and GPS", SIAM, 624 pages, 1997.
Paul Wolf and Bon DeWitt, "Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS", McGraw-Hill, 2000
Karl-Rudolf Koch, "Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models", 2a ed., Springer, 2000
P.J.G. Teunissen, "Adjustment theory, an introduction", Delft Academic Press, 2000
Edward M. Mikhail, James S. Bethel, J. Chris McGlone, "Introduction to Modern Photogrammetry", Wiley, 2001
Harvey, Bruce R., "Practical least squares and statistics for surveyors", Monograph 13, Third Edition, School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales, 2006
Huaan Fan, "Theory of Errors and Least Squares Adjustment", Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Division of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Stockholm, Sweden, 2010, .

Charles D. Ghilani, "Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis", John Wiley & Sons, 2011
Charles D. Ghilani and Paul R. Wolf, "Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics", 13th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011
Erik Grafarend and Joseph Awange, "Applications of Linear and Nonlinear Models: Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and Total Least Squares", Springer, 2012
Alfred Leick, Lev Rapoport, and Dmitry Tatarnikov, "GPS Satellite Surveying", 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, ; Chapter 2, "Least-Squares Adjustments", pp. 11–79, doi:10.1002/9781119018612.ch2
A. Fotiou (2018) "A Discussion on Least Squares Adjustment with Worked Examples" In: Fotiou A., D. Rossikopoulos, eds. (2018): “Quod erat demonstrandum. In quest for the ultimate geodetic insight.” Special issue for Professor Emeritus Athanasios Dermanis. Publication of the  School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 405 pages.
John Olusegun Ogundare (2018), "Understanding Least Squares Estimation and Geomatics Data Analysis", John Wiley & Sons, 720 pages, .

Curve fitting
Least squares
Geodesy
Surveying
Photogrammetry


title: Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Naqshbandi

text:
Khwaja Abdul Ghaffar Fazali Naqshbandi () alias Pir Mitha (1880-1964) was a Naqshbandi Sufi of Sindh, Pakistan.

Related Books
 Dīvān-e-Ghaffāriā (Urdu and Saraiki), Sufi poetry of Hazrat Pīr Mithā, published by Sāhibzādā Muhammad Deedah-Dil Ghaffārī, 2011, pages: 406
 Malfūzāt-e Fazaliā (Urdu), speeches of Hazrat Pīr Fazal Alī Qureshī, written by Hazrat Pīr Mithā, edited by Pīr Karamullāh Ilāhī alias Dilbar Sāeen, published in 1433 AH (2012), 530 pages. An old partial edition
 Malfūzat-e Ghaffāriā (Sindhi), by Muftī Abdur-Rahmān Allāhābādī, published by Idārat-ul-Ma’rifat, Allahabad sharif, Kandiaro, March 2010. 200 pages.
 Malfūzāt-e Ghaffārī (Sindhi), by Khalīfā Sa’adullāh Soomro, edited by Pīr Karamullāh Ilāhī alias Dilbar Sāeen, published in 1432 AH, 200 pages. Speeches of Hazrat Pīr Mithā.
 Noor-us-Sudoor (Sindhi), Malfūzāt of Hazrat Pīr Mithā, written by Maulānā Ghulām Farīd Ghaffārī, edited by Pīr Karamullāh Ilāhī alias Dilbar Sāeen, published in 1432 AH, 50 pages. Another link
 Hazrat Pīr Mithā Sāeen (Sindhi) comprehensive biography written by Pīr Karamullāh Ilāhī alias Dilbar Sāeen, published in 2010, 608 pages.
 Gulistān-e Ghaffāriā (Urdu), biography written by Bedar Morai, published in 2008, 144 pages.
 Ganjeena-e Hayāt-e Ghaffāriā (Sindhi), biography written by Bedar Morai, published in 1974, 150 pages.
 Tazkirāh Khulafā-e Ghaffāriā (Sindhi), by Pīr Karamullāh Ilāhī alias Dilbar Sāeen, published in 1431 AH. 826 pages. Biographies of one hundred khulafa of Hazrat Pīr Mithā and their spiritual descendants.
 Maktūbāt Ghaffāriā (Urdu), selected letters written by Hazrat Pīr Mithā.

See also
 Sayyid Ghulam Hussain Shah Bukhari
 Naqshbandi Hussaini Golden Chain

References

1880 births
1964 deaths
Naqshbandi order
Sufi mystics
Sufism in Sindh
Sufis of Sindh
Sindhi people


title: Elise Dalby

text:
Elise Dalby Grønnesby (born 17 December 1995 in Hamar, Norway) is a Norwegian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Norway 2014 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant.

Early life
Dalby is a model from Hamar, Norway. She has the longest hair in Miss Norway history. Her older brother (Andreas Dalby Grønnesby; born 16 July 1994 and died 22 July 2011) was one of the victims in the 2011 Norway attacks.

Pageantry

Miss Norway 2014
Dalby represented Hamar and was crowned Miss Norway 2014 on 28 June 2014. She received the crown from the previous winner, Mari Chauhan, who also came from Hamar.

Miss Universe 2014
Dalby competed at the Miss Universe 2014 pageant but was unplaced.

References

External links
Official Miss Universe Norway website

Living people
People from Hamar
Norwegian female models
1995 births
Miss Universe 2014 contestants


title: Riffel

text:
Riffel is a surname, and may refer to:

 Caspar Riffel (1807–1856), German historian
 James Riffel (born 1961), American film director and screenwriter
 Rena Riffel (born 1969), American actress
 Michael E. Riffel (born 1948) Artist, wood creations, fine art, and literature.

See also
 Riffelsee, also Lake Riffel in Switzerland
 Michael A. Riffel High School, Catholic high school in Saskatchewan, Canada
 Reiffel surname page


title: Hayward Gallery

text:
The Hayward Gallery is an art gallery within the Southbank Centre in central London, England and part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames. It is sited adjacent to the other Southbank Centre buildings (the Royal Festival Hall and the Queen Elizabeth Hall/Purcell Room) and also the National Theatre and BFI Southbank repertory cinema. Following a rebranding of the South Bank Centre to Southbank Centre in early 2007, the Hayward Gallery was known as the Hayward until early 2011.

Description
The Hayward Gallery was built by Higgs and Hill and opened on 9 July 1968. Its massing and extensive use of exposed concrete construction are features typical of Brutalist architecture. The initial concept was designed, with the Queen Elizabeth Hall and Purcell Room, as an addition to the Southbank Centre arts complex by team leader Norman Engleback, assisted by John Attenborough, Ron Herron and Warren Chalk, two members of the later founded group Archigram, of the Department of Architecture and Civic Design of the Greater London Council. Warren Chalk then developed the site plan and connective first floor walkways, while Ron Herron worked on the acoustics for the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Alan Waterhouse, then Dennis Crompton, worked on the designs for the Hayward. The building is named after Sir Isaac Hayward, a former leader of the London County Council, the GLC's predecessor. Joanna Drew was the founding director; Ralph Rugoff has been director since 2006.

Exhibitions
The Hayward does not house a permanent collection. Instead, it hosts three or four major temporary exhibitions of modern or contemporary artworks each year. From 1968 to 1986, the gallery was managed by the Arts Council of Great Britain, but management of the gallery then passed to Southbank Centre. The gallery is also the base of Arts Council England's National Touring Exhibitions programme, as it was, until 2002, of the Arts Council Collection. Unlike British galleries with permanent collections who receive local or central government funding, but in common with other temporary exhibitions at the London public galleries, the Hayward charges admission fees. The Hayward's exhibition policy embraces visual art from all periods: past shows having included the works of Leonardo da Vinci to Edvard Munch and beyond. The programme, however, has tended to concentrate on surveys of contemporary art which complement the spaces and powerful concrete structure of the building, such as those of works by Dan Flavin and Antony Gormley.

It has hosted two surveys of works from the Arts Council Collection: British Art 1940–1980 and How to Improve the World: 60 Years of British Art.

Architecture

The design brief was for five gallery spaces, two levels of indoor galleries and three outdoor sculpture courts (the massive concrete trays at the upper level) in order to house the Arts Council collection. The intended outdoor display of sculpture against the background of the London skyline appears to have been impractical and the sculpture courts have been little used and usually closed to the public until the Blind Light exhibition of works by Antony Gormley in 2007.

The two levels of the gallery open to the public are linked by a pair of cast concrete staircases. These staircases, and lavatories at an intermediate level, are accommodated in a concrete box in between the eastern and western parts of the indoor galleries. One of these staircases also runs down to street level with access (now emergency only) to Belvedere Road; the other extends down into the private entrance foyer, at lower level, on the north side of the building. This almost hidden private entrance is located below the foyer and external walkway on the north facade, above the car park and near the overhanging Purcell Room auditorium. Screens formerly advertised the National Film Theatre (the BFI Southbank from 2007) and Museum of the Moving Image enclosed the car park by the central access road. They were removed in 2008 giving a more open feel to the ground level area at the western end.

The building originally had a very small main foyer area with cast aluminium doors similar to those of the Queen Elizabeth Hall. In 2003, the foyer of the building was remodelled with a larger glass-fronted foyer, designed by the Haworth Tompkins architectural practice, and including a new oval shaped glass pavilion designed by Dan Graham above a new cafe in the projecting former office space at the east end. A shop had been added earlier inside the north-west end of the lower gallery.

The two upper galleries can use heavily filtered natural light from the glass pyramids on their flat roofs. Three concrete towers run vertically through the middle of the structure and contain the passenger lift, service lift and service duct. Between 1972 and 2008 a kinetic light sculpture, which responds to wind force, stood on the roof of the passenger lift tower. This famous London landmark was designed and built by Philip Vaughan and Roger Dainton  as a way to attract visitors to the gallery. It was removed in order for renovation to take place which involved replacing the original neon lighting with LEDs, but subsequently it was decided not to reinstall it.

The roof terrace at the south end and linking bridge to the Queen Elizabeth Hall foyer building is closed to the public, which makes impossible some of the more interesting pedestrian circulation opportunities of the original design, although these were opened for the Summer of Fun festival in 2011.

The walkway above Belvedere Road with access from Waterloo Bridge widens to the west, following the line of Belvedere Road and accommodating the stairs to the external terrace, but following a different line from the upper gallery walls. The angled plan shape of the concrete sculpture court in the south corner reflects the change in angle of the site between Waterloo Bridge and Festival Square. In this way, despite its seemingly uncompromising form, the building responds to its site.

The south-west corner of the building at street level is occupied by an electrical switch room. A car park occupies most of the lower ground level. A plant room occupies the lower level at the east end, above the car park, with a great concrete exhaust stack by Waterloo Bridge.

The high-level walkway system which linked the Hayward to the Hungerford Bridge area was partly removed in spring 1999, leaving a curious truncated end on Festival Square, and poorer access from Festival Square. This is exacerbated by the positioning of the car park and loading bay entrances, a legacy of the original 1960's design ideas about vertical separation of pedestrian and vehicle traffic. Among the tricks of the building is the different lines of the walls at ground level and walkway level on this facade, which reconcile the differing axes of the Hayward and the Royal Festival Hall.

In 2011, the Hayward Gallery was added to the protected list by the World Monuments Fund.

The gallery was temporarily closed in September 2015, for two years of renovations and re-opened in early 2018.

Recent developments

Southbank Centre and Arts Council considered the future of the Hayward building, together with the Queen Elizabeth Hall and Purcell Room which stand between the Hayward and the River Thames over several years. A proposed scheme selected from an architectural competition, designed by Richard Rogers, in the early 1990s would have involved covering all three buildings in a great wave-shaped glass roof, which would have linked the Royal Festival Hall to Waterloo Bridge. This did not proceed due to its reliance on a high level of lottery funding, likely high cost, and the opposition of the Twentieth Century Society who saw it as damaging to the setting of the individual buildings underneath the canopy.

Refurbushment work was carried out in 2015-18 under plans developed by Feilden Clegg Bradley and included in this work were structural repairs such as the renewal of the 60 odd steel and glass pyramids which grace the roof of the gallery and removal of a false ceiling which obstructed natural light reaching the upper galleries.

References

Further reading
ARUP Journal: South Bank Arts Centre; Architects: H. Bennett, Greater London Council chief architect 1967 July, pp. 20–31
Architectural Review: South Bank Arts Centre, London borough of Lambeth; Architects: H. Bennett, architect to the Greater London Council vol. 144, no. 857, 1968 July, pp. 14–30
Interior Design: Hayward Art Gallery, South Bank Art Centre, London; Architect: H. Bennett, architect to the Greater London Council 1968 September, pp. 49–54
Official Architecture & Planning : South Bank Cultural Centre, London borough of Lambeth; Architect: H. Bennett, chief architect of the Greater London Council 1969 August, pp. 918–923
The Architects' Journal: No. 3441, Vol. 133. 30 March 1961, pp. 469–478

External links

 Hayward Gallery at Google Cultural Institute
 Hayward Gallery link on Southbank Centre website
 Arts Guardian (Article on Ralph Rugoff, Director of the Hayward)
 Institute of International Visual Arts (Collection and access information)
 Flickr group dedicated to pictures of the Southbank Centre

Art galleries established in 1968
Buildings and structures completed in 1968
Art museums and galleries in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Lambeth
Modern art museums
Contemporary art galleries in London
Brutalist architecture in London
Southbank Centre
Museums in the London Borough of Lambeth
Museums on the River Thames
1968 establishments in England
The Twentieth Century Society successful interventions


title: Víctor de la Peña Pérez

text:
Victor de la Peña Pérez (14 September 1933 – 1 July 2015), was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

He was born 14 Sep 1933 in Villaldemiro, Spain and was ordained a priest of Order of Friars Minor on 3 Jul 1959.
On 3 Jul 1983 he was made auxiliary bishop of Requena (Peru) and titular bishop of Avitta Bibba.

On 15 May 1987 he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Requena, Peru and he resigned this position on 30 July 2005, just short of his 71st birthday.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
Spanish Roman Catholic titular bishops
Spanish Roman Catholic bishops in South America
Roman Catholic bishops of Requena


title: Granje, Croatia

text:
Granje is a village in Požega-Slavonia County, Croatia. The village is administered as a part of the Jakšić municipality.
According to national census of 2011, population of the village is 108.

Sources

Populated places in Požega-Slavonia County


title: Volevo i pantaloni (film)

text:
Volevo i pantaloni (also known as Good Girls Don't Wear Trousers and I Wanted Pants) is a 1990 Italian coming-of-age drama film directed by Maurizio Ponzi. It is based on the bestseller novel Good Girls Don't Wear Trousers written by Lara Cardella.  The film was a bomb at the Italian box office, grossing about one billion lire in spite of a budget of five billion lire.

Plot
Annetta is a teenage girl living in rural Italy who attends highschool and lives with her strict parents and brother. Her parents don't allow her much freedom and expect her to comply to traditional cultural norms, especially in relation to how women must behave. Something she has always longed for is to wear trousers, yet her mother forbids her since she doesn't want the other families in the village thinking that Annetta is a "puttana".

Annetta is desperate to wear trousers so decides to become a puttana. To learn how, she befriends Angelina, one of the popular girls, who soon invites her to a party. At the party she meets Nicola, who ends up driving her home. Over the next few weeks, Annetta continues to catch up with Angelina and Nicola but one day, when at the beach, her uncle spots her at wearing 'slutty' clothes, make-up and kissing Nicola. He confronts her and drives her back to her parents' house. Her parents are furious! They beat her and demand to know the name of the boy, but she refuses to tell them since if she does, they will make her marry him. Annetta is pulled out of school and forbidden to leave her room.

Ridiculous rumours soon spread throughout the village that Annetta was discovered naked having a threesome. Her mother is devastated that shame has been brought upon the family and has a breakdown, unable to cook or work for weeks, which infuriates Annetta's father. Eventually it is decided that she should be sent to live with her other uncle and aunt since her parents can't bear to look at her.

At first, life with her aunt is fantastic! Her aunt is far less conservative than her parents and even allows her to wear trousers, however she soon uncovers dark family secrets and becomes desperate to return to her old life.

Cast

Giulia Fossà: Anna
Lucia Bosè: Grazia
Ángela Molina: Aunt Vannina
Natasha Hovey: Angelina
Tony Palazzo: Nicola
Pino Colizzi: Uncle Vincenzino
Luciano Catenacci: Michele

See also
 List of Italian films of 1990

References

External links

1990 films
1990s teen drama films
1990 drama films
Films based on Italian novels
Films set in Sicily
Films set in the 1980s
Italian coming-of-age drama films
Films directed by Maurizio Ponzi
1990s coming-of-age drama films
Italian teen films
1990s Italian-language films
1990s Italian films


title: Granje

text:
Granje may refer to the following places:

 Granje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Granje, Croatia


title: Azura, Numidia

text:
Azura was an ancient civitas and bishopric in Roman North Africa– It remains only as Latin Catholic titular see.

History
Azura as one of many cities of sufficient importance in the Roman(-Berber) province of Numidia to become a suffragan. The town was located near present-day Henchir-Loulou (itself a former Roman city and bishopric, Rotaria), Algeria.

Bishopric
Azura did not send a representative to the Council of Nicaea nor Chalcedon

As a bishopric, Azura was represented by the Catholic bishop Victor at the Conference of Carthage (411) where the Catholics declared the schismatic Donatist bishops heretics.

Its bishop Leporius was among the Catholic bishops whom the Arian king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom summoned to Carthage in 484 and was then exiled, like most Catholics.

Titular see
The diocese of Azura was nominally restored in 1933 as Latin Titular bishopric of Azura (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Azuen(sis) (Latin adjective).

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:
 Afonso Maria Ungarelli, Sacred Heart Missionaries (M.S.C.) (1948.11.13 – death 1988.05.23) first as Apostolic Administrator of Territorial Prelature of Pinheiro (Brazil; now a diocese) (1940 – 1948.11.13), then as Bishop-Prelate of Pinheiro (1948.11.13 – 1975.03.01), as Apostolic Administrator of Territorial Prelature of Cândido Mendes (now Diocese of Zé Doca, Brazil) (1963 – 1965.12.20) and finally as emeritate
 Edward Dajczak (1989.12.15 – 2007.06.23) as Auxiliary Bishop of Diocese of Zielona Góra–Gorzów (Poland) (1989.12.15 – 2007.06.23); next Bishop of Koszalin–Kołobrzeg (Poland) (2007.06.23 – ...)
 António José da Rocha Couto, S.M.P. (2007.07.06 – 2011.11.19) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of Braga (Portugal) (2007.07.06 – 2011.11.19); previously Superior General of Portuguese Missionary Society (S.M.P.) (2002.07.29 – 2007.07.06); later Bishop of Lamego (Portugal) (2011.11.19 – ...)
BIOS TO ELABORATE
 Titular Bishop Gaétan Proulx, Servites (O.S.M.) (2011.12.12 – 2016.07.02)
 Titular Bishop is Mexican-born Jorge Humberto Rodríguez-Novelo, of Denver.

See also
 Catholic dioceses in Algeria
 Catholic Church in Algeria

References

Sources and external links
 Gcatholic

Catholic titular sees in Africa


title: Huaypun

text:
Huaypun (possibly from Quechua waypu a name applied for different species of Tinamidae, Nothoprocta pentlandii, Rhynchotus rufescens and Rhynchotus maculicollis, -n a suffix) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Calca Province, San Salvador District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Oropesa District. Huaypun lies on the western bank of the Vilcanota River, southeast of Pachatusan and southwest of  Tauja.

See also
 Pumacancha
 Curi

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Vale Tudo (TV series)

text:
Vale Tudo (Anything Goes in English) is a Brazilian telenovela produced and broadcast by TV Globo from May 16, 1988, to January 6, 1989.

Plot
Raquel Accioli has been separated from her husband, Rubinho, for about ten years, a time when, after a violent argument, she decided to abandon him and go to live with her daughter, the ambitious Maria de Fátima, at her father's house, Salvador, in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná. The family's only asset is a modest house that Salvador passed on to his granddaughter's name, so that when he died, she lacked nothing. Raquel lives as a tour guide and, when Salvador dies, Fátima, without saying anything to her mother, sells the house and leaves for Rio de Janeiro in search of earning a living, no matter how. In Rio she gets involved with César Ribeiro, a former model who had the catwalk world at his feet, and who acts as a call boy. Raquel leaves for Rio looking for her daughter. Maria de Fátima is introduced by César to Solange Duprat, fashion producer of Tomorrow magazine, starting to act as a model and live in his house, using her to get close to Afonso Roitman, the journalist's boyfriend, and to marry him.

The plot then shows duality: Maria de Fátima looking to get rich from her arranged marriage, while Raquel, selling sandwiches on the beach, ends up going up in life and, honestly, becomes owner of a chain of industrial restaurants. Raquel starts dating Ivan Meireles, but he ends up marrying Heleninha Roitman, which opposes Raquel to Odete Roitman, since she wants to keep Raquel from Ivan anyway. As the couple ends up getting closer, Odete gives her last card: she sends Ivan to bribe a Brazilian customs agent to release retained equipment, only that the businesswoman films the scene and starts to blackmail Raquel and Ivan, who ends up being arrested for corruption.

Cast

Awards

Troféu APCA (1988)
 Best Telenovela - Vale Tudo
 Best Actress - Glória Pires
 Best Supporting Actor - Sérgio Mamberti
 Male Revelation - Paulo Reis

Troféu Imprensa (1988)
 Best Telenovela - Vale Tudo
 Best Actress - Beatriz Segall and Glória Pires

References

External links
 Vale Tudo at Memoria Globo

1988 telenovelas
TV Globo telenovelas
1988 Brazilian television series debuts
1989 Brazilian television series endings
Brazilian LGBT-related television shows
Lesbian-related television shows
Telenovelas by Gilberto Braga
Portuguese-language telenovelas
Alcohol abuse in television


title: Ron Latourelle

text:
Ron "Pepe" Latourelle (born May 17, 1934) is a former Canadian Football League punt returner and reserve running back for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 1955 to 1964, participating in four Grey Cup victories.

Ron Latourelle played high school and junior football in Winnipeg before joining the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1955, mostly useful as a punt returner but also as a reserve running back and defensive back. As a punt returner, Latourelle reached highs in 1958 and 1962, returning 80 and 68 punts, respectively. In his career, he played all 16 games for six years out of 10 and scored 11 touchdowns, six on rushes and five on passes. He was part of four Grey Cup winning teams (1958, 1959, 1961 and 1962). In particular, he played an important part in the 49th Grey Cup of 1961 when he replaced the starting halfback, Ray Jauch.

References

1934 births
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Canadian football running backs
Living people


title: Gresson

text:
Gresson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Gresson (1868–1949), English cricketer active from 1887 to 1901
Henry Barnes Gresson (1809–1901), New Zealand judge
Kenneth Gresson, KBE (1891–1974), New Zealand soldier, lawyer, university lecturer and judge
William Jardine Gresson (1869–1934), British merchant and politician in Hong Kong and China

See also
Gresson Street (機利臣街), a street in the Wan Chai area of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
Gress
Gresso
Gressoney (disambiguation)


title: Coeloginanthrin

text:
Coeloginanthrin is a phenanthrenoid found in the orchid Coelogyne cristata.

References

External links
 Coeloginanthrin at kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp

Phenanthrenoids
Coelogyne
Methoxy compounds


title: Sheldon Saul Hendler

text:
Sheldon Saul Hendler, Ph.D., M.D., FACP, FACN, FAIC, (12 May 1936 – 12 November 2012) was an American scientist, physician and musician. He is recognized as one of the leading authorities on micro nutrition, human physiology and the impact of diet and lifestyle upon health and disease and was known for his ability to customize treatments for his patients.

Early life and education
Hendler was born in Brooklyn, New York, and later lived and worked in New York City, New York and San Diego, California.

He attended the Boys High School in Brooklyn and later went on to Columbia University, where he studied for a bachelor's degree and later a Ph.D. in biochemistry. Thereafter he conducted his post-doctoral studies at University of California San Diego’s Salk Institute in La Jolla, California.

Work and medical research
During his Ph.D. research work, Hendler made seminal discoveries on the structure of the nucleosome and contributed to the development of the first antiviral drugs.

During the early phases of the AIDS crisis, Hendler had one of the largest AIDS practices in California and was a prominent member of the San Diego Community Research Group. Out of this work he developed special approaches to treating HIV infection.

Hendler pioneered a new level of scientific rigor in the field of nutritional science. Lecturer, educator, physician and scientific consultant, Dr. Hendler has sat on the Scientific Advisory Board of Archer Daniels Midland, the Pharmacy Nutrition Advisory Board of the AARP and the US Olympic Science and Nutrition Subcommittee.

As a practicing internist, Hendler applied his encyclopedic knowledge of biochemistry to address the most profound mysteries of human metabolism to advance therapeutic options in patient care. Among his many achievements was the world's first description and biochemical characterization of an entirely new human disease, Elastoderma, described by Hendler and colleagues in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1985.

Hendler helped found the Medical School at Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, and chaired their first Department of Biochemistry.

Thereafter Hendler returned to complete his M.D. at UCSD and his medical residency at Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego. Later, he was affiliated with UCSD as a clinical professor of medicine.

Writing and publications
Hendler was prolific researcher and writer and has authored over 50 peer-reviewed manuscripts dealing with biochemistry and medicine.

 The Complete Guide to Anti-Aging Nutrients (1986)
 The Oxygen Breakthrough: 30 Days to an Illness-Free Life (1989)
 The Doctor's Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia (1990)
 The Purification Prescription (1991)
 The Doctor's Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia (1991)
 The Purification Prescription (1994)
 PDR for Nutritional Supplements (2001)

He was also the founding editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Medicinal Food

Music
Hendler was an accomplished musician and concert-level jazz trumpet player. He composed the original musical score for the acclaimed 1973 television series The Ascent of Man by Jacob Bronowski.

Death
Hendler died on 12 November 2012, and is survived by his wife Joyce Marilyn Hendler and their son, Ross Hendler. He was predeceased by their other son, Seth Hendler.

See also
Sheldon Hendler on IMDB

References

1936 births
2012 deaths
Brentwood High School (Brentwood, New York) alumni
People from Brooklyn
American nutritionists
Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni