title: GoBoat

text:
Goboat  is a Danish developer and operator of solar energy-powered, picnic boats. The company opened its first terminal at Islands Brygge in Copenhagen in 2014.

Design
The company is founded by Carl Kai Rand, architect and Boatdesigner, Kasper Højer Romme and Anders Mørk. The concept is centred on eco-friendly principles. The boats are built out of recycled plastic from cola bottles and a later version will be built out of decommissioned windmills. Norwegian wood company Kebony has delivered sustainable wood for the Goboat terminal, the floating pier and the boats themselves. The solar-powered rental terminal is developed by Gaia Solar.

Concept
The boats fits up to eight people around a picnic table and their navigation requires no previous experience with sailing. A boat can sail up to 12 hours on one charge. It is also possible to buy picnic baskets at the terminal.

References

External links
 Official website

Port of Copenhagen
Tourist attractions in Copenhagen
Water transport in Copenhagen


title: Fikus

text:
Fikus may refer to:

Fikus, a track from the album The Story of the Ghost by Phish
Marian Fikus (born 1938), Polish architect
, Polish journalist, the namesake of the Polish award in mass media,


title: Antun Mavrak

text:
Antun Mavrak (1899 – 8 April 1938) was a Croatian revolutionary and top functionary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).

Mavrak was named as organizational secretary of the underground KPJ in August 1930 and remained in that leading post until his removal in December 1931. Although expelled from the Communist Party, Mavrak continued to live in the Soviet Union under the name Karl Yakovlevich, working as a laborer. Mavrak was arrested during the Terror of 1937-38 and was executed as an alleged spy in 1938.

Mavrak was posthumously rehabilitated by the Soviet government in 1963.

Biography

Early years

Antun Mavrak was born in 1899 in Bosnia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to an ethnic Croatian family.

Following completion of his secondary education, Mavrak enrolled at the University of Zagreb, where he studied law.

Political career

Mavrak joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in 1924, soon coming to play a leading role in that organization. He was named secretary of the regional committee for Croatia in 1928 and was named a member of the party's delegation to the 6th World Congress of the Comintern held in Moscow that same year.

Mavrak's political activity as a member of the illegal Communist Party brought him to the attention of the Yugoslav police, who forced him to flee to Vienna, Austria to avoid arrest shortly after his return from Moscow. The Austrian government in turn sought Mavrak's removal and he was expelled from Vienna, landing in Paris, where he headed the organization of exiled Yugoslav Communists in France.

By the end of 1929 the leftist leaders of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia Filip Filipović and J. Martinović were the focus of severe criticism in Moscow. At issue was a perceived tendency of the underground Yugoslav party towards putschism at the expense of factory organization, with the first half of 1929 marked by a series of gun battles between KPJ insurgents and the police as party radicals vainly attempted to ignite a mass "armed uprising" via isolated street fighting. Moreover, sectarian infighting further destabilized the Yugoslav party organization as the ascendent ultra-revolutionary left wing moved towards "purging the party of all opportunist renegades."

With the KPJ shattered by their tactics and the inevitable reprisals of the Yugoslav government, the Comintern sought a new leadership to bring the factional war revolutionary posturing to an end and to set about rebuilding the organization. In August 1930, Mavrak was called to Moscow and was there named the new organizational secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

A new focus was made on the organization of underground trade unions, while those seeking an immediate insurrection through armed battles were dismissed as terrorists in the party press. Mavrak proved a poor choice as a party leader, however, failing to appeal to the dominant left wing of the KPJ and alienating a large section of the party faithful by attempting to end publication of the party theoretical magazine Klasna borba (Class Struggle) as a "waste of time."

On December 7, 1931, top officials of the KPJ met with relevant Comintern officials to determine a new leadership for the Yugoslav party, with Filip Filipović returned for a second stint as the leader of the party organization. Antun Mavrak's career as a top Communist Party official was thus essentially brought to a close.

Final years

Anton Mavrak was expelled from the Communist Party of Yugoslavia by Comintern decision in April 1932. He continued to live in the Soviet Union following his expulsion, assuming the new name Karl Yakovlevich, working in Rostov and Moscow as a laborer.

Mavrak was arrested early in 1938 as part of the secret police frenzy which swept the USSR — a mass anti-espionage campaign with xenophobic overtones in which former Communist dissidents were especially hard hit. Mavrak was tried along with fellow KPJ leaders Karlo Štajner and Filip Filipović and was executed immediately thereafter.

The Soviet government posthumously rehabilitated Mavrak in 1963, thereby essentially admitting that the charges made against him during the terror of 1937-38 were without basis.

See also
 Đuro Đaković

Footnotes

Further reading
 Karlo Stejner, Seven Thousand Days in Siberia. Joel Agee, trans. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1988.

1899 births
1938 deaths
League of Communists of Yugoslavia politicians
Croatian communists
Great Purge victims from Yugoslavia
Soviet rehabilitations
Executed communists


title: Mavrak

text:
Mavrak may refer to:

People

 Antun Mavrak (1899-1938), Croatian revolutionary and secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia from Aug. 1930 to April 1932
 Béla Mavrák (b. 1966), Hungarian tenor singer
 Darko Mavrak (b. 1969), Yugoslav footballer


title: Salina School

text:
The Salina School, also known as the Salina Schoolhouse, is a one-room schoolbuilding in the former mining town of Salina in Boulder County, Colorado, built around 1875 or 1876. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Throughout the mining boom, the schoolhouse functioned as a hub of social activity in Salina, hosting dances, box socials, and other community activities.  Today the building is owned by the Salina Community Association, a nonprofit group of local residents, and maintained as a space for classes, films, concerts, and other community events.

References

School buildings completed in 1876
Buildings and structures in Boulder County, Colorado
Schools in Boulder County, Colorado
One-room schoolhouses in Colorado
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado


title: Reticuloendotheliosis virus

text:
Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) designates a group of pathologic syndromes caused by the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) group of avian retroviruses. The disease syndromes associated with REV include 1) a runting disease syndrome, 2) chronic neoplasia of lymphoid and other tissues, and 3) acute reticulum cell neoplasia.

Scientific Significance
Reticuloendotheliosis virus represents a third distinct etiological group of avian viral neoplasms, after Marek's disease and avian leukosis virus. The various syndromes caused by REV resemble both Marek's and avian leukosis. It is especially seen in chickens, quail, geese, ducks, and turkeys.

The virus presents some unusual characteristics, such as a similarity to mammalian retroviruses and its presence in the genome of some large DNA viruses. To explain them a theory based on iatrogenic origin was proposed.

Resources
The Avian Diagnostic and Oncology Laboratory, in East Lansing, MI is the primary laboratory for research in REV and other tumor viruses.

The American Association of Avian Pathologists maintains a fact sheet on viral tumor diseases.

References

Viral diseases
Poultry diseases


The 2014 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard court. It was the 21st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Binghamton, United States between 14 and 20 July 2014.

Singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of July 8, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Marcos Giron
  Austin Krajicek
  Winston Lin
  Ryan Shane

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Sekou Bangoura
  Marius Copil
  Raymond Sarmiento
  Daniel Nguyen

Champions

Men's singles

  Sergiy Stakhovsky def.  Wayne Odesnik 6–4, 7–6(11–9)

Men's doubles

  Daniel Cox /  Daniel Smethurst def.  Marius Copil /  Sergiy Stakhovsky 6–7(3–7), 6–2, [10–6]

External links
Official Website

Levene Gouldin and Thompson Tennis Challenger
Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger
Levene Gouldin and Thompson Tennis Challenger
2014 in sports in New York (state)


title: 2014 Baku Cup – Singles

text:
Elina Svitolina was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Bojana Jovanovski in the final 6–1, 7–6(7–2).

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

References

 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Baku Cup - Singles
2014 Singles


title: Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths

text:
is a one-shot manga written and illustrated by Shigeru Mizuki. In it, Mizuki describes his experiences as a soldier participating in the New Guinea campaign during World War II. He portrays the final weeks of his infantry service as the soldiers were instructed to die for their country to avoid the dishonor of survival.

The manga was first published in Kodansha magazine Shūkan Gendai in 1973, based on Mizuki's work of 1970. After being translated and published by Drawn & Quarterly in 2011, Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths has been well received by English-speaking critics. It also received awards in France and in the United States, and was adapted into a television drama in 2007 by Japanese broadcaster NHK.

Overview
Shigeru Mizuki is a Japanese manga artist who is best known for his yōkai (Japanese folklore monsters)-themed manga, especially GeGeGe no Kitarō. Mizuki enjoyed writing about the monsters' histories, which a local woman related to him; however in 1942, at the age of 21, Mizuki was drafted into the Imperial Japanese Army. He was sent to Rabaul, a city on New Britain island in Papua New Guinea, where his comrades died and Mizuki lost his left arm. Based on these experiences, Mizuki wrote Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths, containing "90 percent fact". Fictionalizing himself as private Maruyama, Mizuki tells the story by combining drawings with photographs.

Release
Shigeru Mizuki wrote and illustrated Sōin Gyokusai Seyo!, which was first published in the August 1973 issue of Shūkan Gendai. In the same year, Kodansha released it in tankōbon format with the subtitle . In July 1985, Holp Shuppan published the work, and Kodansha re-released it on June 15, 1995. Ohzora Publishing released the manga on August 9, 2007, as , and on July 30, 2010, as . It was released under the konbini comic format by Shueisha on August 11, 2007, and on August 16, 2008.

At the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International, comic book publisher Drawn & Quarterly announced it had acquired the manga's publishing rights and would release it in North America under the title Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths. The company released the manga in May 2011; it was the first manga by Mizuki published in English. The Drawn & Quarterly edition was 368 pages and had an introduction written by manga commentator Frederik L. Schodt, as well as an interview with Mizuki. The publisher chose the work because they thought it was "an excellent introduction" to Mizuki's work, and because "readers have knowledge of and thus can relate to on a certain level".

Reception and legacy
Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths has been critically acclaimed. At the 2009 Angoulême International Comics Festival, the manga won the Prize for Inheritance. In 2012, it was nominated for a Harvey Award in the Best American Edition of Foreign Material category. It was selected for the Eisner Award in the categories Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia and Best Reality-Based Work, winning the former at the Comic-Con.

According to a compilation by Deb Aoki of About.com, Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths was considered the best new manga of 2011 because it was included in 18 critics lists of best comics/graphic novels. Aoki said the manga is "dense with details, and filled with pathos, humor and horror". Pastes Garrett Martin wrote that the "realistic depictions of normal men trapped in a horrible situation" makes Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths "brutally honest". Brigid Alverson of MTV Geek said, "this is not an easy story to read, but its historical importance and the lessons it holds for the future are undeniable". Noel Murray writing in The A.V. Club said the manga's artwork is "detailed, often beautiful illustrations of small Pacific islands with characters rendered far less elaborately". Karen Green of Comixology wrote that the "story is so human and its message so powerful" and that is a good book to eliminate the preconceptions American may have of the Japanese Army that are frequently propagated by Hollywood. Among others, Library Journal, Dan Kois and Glen Weldon of NPR, Comic Book Resources, Ed Sizemore of Manga Worth Reading, and Publishers Weekly included it on their lists of best comic books of 2011. Further, in 2014, Joe Gross of the Rolling Stone qualified it as the 46th "Best Non-Superhero Graphic Novel" of all time.

David Maine wrote for PopMatters that "there is little here to criticize. Perhaps some of the transitions are a bit abrupt, [and] maybe some of the characterization could be sharper." Similarly, Sean Michael Robinson of The Comics Journal said Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths for its theme "as well as its many strengths and virtues, it is a very difficult book to criticize".  Robinson's critics was that it has "loosely characterized" characters and that its art "can also be a stumbling block". He said the art is "problematic", is "the hand-off—when characters suddenly leap modes, bouncy and expressive one moment, and photo-rendered and flat the next". Tom Spurgeon, writing for The Comics Reporter, said he had difficulty "in not being able to easily track which soldiers are which at any one point in the book".

Television adaptation
On August 12, 2007, NHK General TV broadcast , a Japanese television drama based on Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths. It was written by Takuya Nishioka and produced by Tsuyoshi Yanagawa, and starred Teruyuki Kagawa as Shigeru Mizuki. On July 16, 2008, Pony Canyon released the drama in DVD format. The Agency for Cultural Affairs awarded it the Excellence Prize for a television drama during the National Arts Festival. The drama was awarded the Excellence Prize for television program at the 45th Galaxy Awards by the Japan Council for Better Television and Radio. At the 34th Hoso Bunka Foundation Awards, Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths won the awards for Best Television Drama, Best Actor (Kagawa), and Best Production (Yanagawa).

Cast

Teruyuki Kagawa as Shigeru Mizuki/Maruyama
Tomoko Tabata as Nunoe
Sansei Shiomi as Honda
Kyūsaku Shimada as Ishiyama
Takaaki Enoki as Kido
Yukiya Kitamura as Akasaki
Renji Ishibashi as a company commander
Hiroshi Kanbe as Kayama
Haruhiko Jō as the chief of staff
Tetsurō Sagawa as the brigadier
Atsushi Miyauchi as Mizumoto
Masako Nozawa as Kitarō (voice)
Isamu Tanonaka as Medama Oyaji (voice)
Chikao Ōtsuka as Nezumi Otoko (voice)

Notes

References

External links

1973 manga
Anti-war books
Autobiographical anime and manga
Comics set during World War II
Drawn & Quarterly titles
Gekiga
Kodansha manga
NHK original programming
Oceania in fiction
One-shot manga
Shigeru Mizuki
War in anime and manga


title: PlayOnMac

text:
PlayOnMac is a free compatibility layer and emulator for macOS that allows installation and usage of video games and other software initially designed to run exclusively on Microsoft Windows. PlayOnMac is based on the open-source Wine project and therefore creates and uses virtual drives much like Wineskin wrappers (the virtual drives are essentially Wineskin wrappers operating on a particular version of Wine).

Furthermore, it uses an online database of installers (called scripts) that are applied to different applications that need special configuration. The scripts act as installers for the desired software. If the video game or software that must be installed is not in the online database of PlayOnMac, a manual installation can be performed but the positive result cannot be guaranteed.

Aside from video games, any other program can be installed and each one is put in a different container to prevent interference of one program with another. Therefore, PlayOnMac allows users to install some of the most popular Windows programs and many video games as well.

As with Wine, the use of PlayOnMac does not require nor use a Windows license.

Lastly, PlayOnMac has been developed using a combination of two programming languages, more specifically Bash and Python. In addition, it also uses the wrapper/toolkit wxPython.

See also

 WINE@Etersoft
 Parallels Desktop for Mac
 CrossOver (software)
 Darwine
 PlayOnLinux
 Wine (software)
 Wine-Doors

References

External links

 Supported software

Free software
MacOS software
Compatibility layers
macOS emulation software
Software derived from or incorporating Wine
Software that uses wxPython


title: Howard Paar

text:
Howard Paar is a British Grammy Award nominee music supervisor who has worked on over sixty films and television series, most notably Monster, Dogtown and Z-Boys (documentary film), Bully, and The L Word (television).

Life and career
Paar first worked in Los Angeles as a club creator/DJ/promoter with such legendary artists as The Specials, The Clash, The English Beat, The Go-Go’s, The Psychedelic Furs, The Cure, The Bangles, Echo & The Bunnymen, and Lydia Lunch. Known for developing emergent new music scenes particularly ska and the Paisley Underground his club, The ON Klub, in collaboration with Sugarhill Records, was also the first locale to play a rap show in Los Angeles.  He subsequently became an independent publicist representing clients including MTV, Ian Hunter, Mick Ronson, N.W.A, Bunny Wailer, Jimmy Cliff, Eric Burdon, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, and Michelle Shocked while also booking a TV show that featured Russell Simmons and Run-DMC.

He went on to become Vice President, Media & Artist Relations at Polygram Records working with a diverse range of artists including INXS, Def Leppard, Chuck D, Bon Jovi, Kiss, Vanessa Williams, Joan Osborne, James, The Robert Cray Band featuring the Memphis Horns and X before transitioning to the role of Vice President, Soundtracks at the same company. In this role, Paar worked on many soundtracks including The Coen Brothers’ The Big Lebowski and Gregg Araki’s Nowhere, as well as placing numerous songs in films and creating opportunities for Polygram artists to write themes for TV shows including King of the Hill and Ellen.

Paar next joined Richard Branson’s V2 Records as Head of Film & TV where he worked closely with artists such as Moby until 1999 when he became an independent music supervisor. He continued to work with Moby whose album Play, became the first in history to have media placement for all tracks. In 2001, Paar was nominated for a Grammy Award for the soundtrack for the documentary Dogtown & Z Boys.

Paar continues to music supervise a wide range of critically acclaimed independent films including Monster, Bully, and Mysterious Skin as well as TV shows such as The L Word. His work with a diverse range of film makers including Larry Clark, Quentin Tarantino, and Mark Waters have helped to earn Paar a reputation for independent vision and authenticity to character, time, and place.

A member of the Board for The Guild Of Music Supervisors, Paar values opportunities to elevate music and visual media.

Novelist
His first novel, "Once Upon A Time In LA", was a noir thriller about the music business, and was published in 2015.

Filmography (as music supervisor unless otherwise noted)
 Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018)
 Overboard (2018)
 Wonderwell (2018)
 Private Life (2018)
 Measure Of A Man (2018)
 Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (2017)
 Sun Dogs (2017)
 How To Be A Latin Lover (2017)
 The House Of Tomorrow (2017)
 Fun Mom Dinner (2017)
 Before I Fall (2017)
 20th Century Women (2016)
 The Last Laugh (2016)
 Dance Camp (2016)
 Embers (2015)
 Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck (2015)
 The Prophet (2015) - [music supervisor and soundtrack producer]
 The Diary of a Teenage Girl (2015) - [music supervisor & soundtrack  producer]
 The Smell of Us (2014)
 Electric Slide (2014) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Road to Paloma (2014)
 Date and Switch (2014)
 Vampire Academy (2014)- [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 The To Do List (2013) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Rapture-Palooza (2013)
 Curse of the Sunset Starlet (2012)
 Would You Rather (2012)
 Girl in Progress (2012) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Get the Gringo (2012) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Girls Against Boys (2012)
 A Love Affair of Sorts (2011)
 Rebirth (2011)
 Choose (2010)
 London Boulevard (2010) - [music consultant]
 Lost Boys: The Thirst (2010)
 Ceremony (2010) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Lifted (2010)
 Sympathy for Delicious (2010) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 The Blind Video (2009)
 While She Was Out (2008)
 The Ramen Girl (2008)
 August (2008)
 The Man Who Souled the World (2007) - [music supervisor & associate producer]
 What We Do Is Secret (2007) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Daltry Calhoun (2005) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer]
 Embedded (2005) - [music consultant]
 Sueño (2005) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer]
 Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 What If? (2005)
 Round Three (2004)
 Mysterious Skin (2004)
 D.E.B.S. (2004) - [music supervisor & soundtrack producer]
 Monster (2003)
 Easy (2003)
 Party Monster (2003) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 Kiss the Bride (2002)
 Garage Days (2002)
 Ken Park (2002)
 Opinion: To Each His Own (2001)
 Down and Out with the Dolls (2001) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer]
 Bully (2001) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 Southlander: Diary of a Desperate Musician (2001)
 Things Behind the Sun (2001)
 Dogtown and Z-Boys (2001) - [executive soundtrack producer]
 The Independent (2000)
 Psycho Beach Party (2000) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 Splendor (1999) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer]
 The Big Lebowski (1998) - [music coordination & executive soundtrack producer]
 Another Day in Paradise (1998) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 Nowhere (1997) - [music supervisor & executive soundtrack producer ]
 Girls Town (1996) - [executive soundtrack producer]

Television series (as music supervisor)
 Graves (10 episodes) (2016)
 Betrayal (7 episodes) (2013)
 Hung (2 episodes) (2010)
 The L Word (32 episodes) (2007-2009) - [music supervisor &  soundtrack producer for three releases]
 Alias (2 episodes) (2003)
 Oliver Beene (2003)
 Miss Match (18 episodes) (2003)
 Greg the Bunny (13 episodes) (2002)
 Freaky Links (13 episodes) (2000-2001)

References

British music industry executives
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: List of awards and nominations received by Ivi Adamou

text:
Ivi Adamou is a Greek Cypriot singer. Until 2013, she was signed to the Sony Music record label after her participation in the second season of The X Factor. In June 2010, Adamou released her debut album, an extended play named Kalokairi Stin Kardia that included her first single "A*G*A*P*I". The album was certified gold for selling over 60,000 copies. Her second extended play, Christmas with Ivi Adamou, was certified double platinum in Portugal for selling over 50,000 copies. Her first studio album San Ena Oniro was released in July 2011 and peaked at the 17th place in the Greek album charts. Her single "La La Love" became a success after competing in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 and was charted in the European countries including Sweden, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Adamou had several nominations at the MAD Video Music Awards since 2011. She won two awards, for the best video clip urban and the best Cypriot artist. She was also nominated three years in a row at the Madame Figaro Awards for the best Cypriot woman singer and won two of them, in 2010 and 2012. In 2013, "Time to Love" won a web award for the best song of the year. In 2015, she was nominated in the Golden Edition of the Big Apple Music Awards.

Eurodanceweb Award
The Eurodanceweb Award is an online competition dedicated to dance music, created in 2001 by an idea of a group of Italian and Maltese disc jockeys. Main purpose of this project is the promotion of dance songs from all over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, with strong links to their National language and culture. Adamou did not receive any award out of the one nomination.

Eurovision Radio Awards
The Eurovision Radio Awards is a web award held by the Eurovision radio. It honors songs and artists of the respective Eurovision year contest. Adamou has not received any awards out of the two nominations.

Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual competition held among active member countries of the EBU. The contest, which has been broadcast every year since its debut in 1956, is one of the longest-running television programs and most watched in the world. Adamou represented Cyprus in the 2012 contest.

MAD Video Music Awards
The MAD Video Music Awards is an annual awards show that air on MAD TV. The awards honor the year's biggest achievements in music, voted by the viewers of Mad television. Adamou has received two awards out of 16 nominations.

Madame Figaro Awards
The Madame Figaro Awards is an annual Cypriot awards show and honors women of Cyprus in different categories such as music and politics. Adamou has received three awards out of four nominations.

Super Music Awards
The Super Music Awards is an annual Cypriot music awards show held by the radio station Super FM. Adamou has not received any awards out of the two nominations.

Rankings

References

Awards and nominations
Adamou, Ivi


title: The Greyness of Autumn

text:
The Greyness of Autumn is a short black comedy film following the life of Danny McGuire, an ostrich living in Glasgow. The film was produced by Quick Off The Mark Productions and marked the directorial debut for Chris Quick.

Plot
Danny McGuire is an ostrich who works for a call centre selling loft insulation. His life seems to be relatively stable with a decent job and a girlfriend of many years. However, on the first day of autumn, Dannys life is turned upside down when he learns that his job is being outsourced to India. That very same night, his girlfriend tells him that she has met another man and is leaving him. Distraught by the events of the day, Danny turns to his flatmate Nelson (a cornflake eating monkey) at the local pub but their conversation is cut short when a fight breaks about between the pub landlord Barry and Nelson. Danny slips away unnoticed from the bar and heads home to drown his sorrows. Upon his way home, Danny unexpectedly walks into the path of a mugger who holds him at knifepoint demanding his shoes. Despite attempts to inform the mugger that he has no shoes, Danny is knocked out by a punch to the face.

After reflecting on recent events over a bottle of whiskey, Danny soon comes to realise that he can't escape the vicious cycle known as 'The Greyness of Autumn' and realises that society will never accept him for being different and that Danny could only be free if he ended his life.

Main cast

Duncan Airlie James as Danny McGuire (Voice)
Amy E Watson as Katie
Steven Patrick as Mr Jenkins
Chris Quick as Nelson (Voice)
Neil Francis as Barry
Andrew O'Donnell as Jimmy Guinness
Euan Cuthbertson as The Interviewer
Dave Cullen-Wills as The Mugger
Tom Moriarty as Mr Harrison
David R. Montgomery as The Restaurant Manager
David Marshall as Kyle
Andy S. McEwan as The Office Worker

Release and reception
The film was released on 28 December 2012 and had its first public screening in April 2013 at the Centre for Contemporary Arts in Glasgow where it was shown alongside The Priest with Two Guns by Rodney Reynolds. Both films coincidentally had Duncan Airlie James in the leading role.

Throughout 2013, the film appeared at a number of festivals in the United Kingdom including the Edinburgh Short Film Festival and the Deep Fried Film Festival. Internationally, the film was screened in various countries including the United States where it featured in the Big Little Comedy Festival. It was also shown at the Dublin Short Film & Music Festival in Ireland.

The Greyness of Autumn received highly positive reviews from critics. In the United Kingdom, MovieScramble said:  The London Film Review and ScreenCritix both gave the film 4 out of 5 stars with Edmond Guy adding:

Internationally, the film received high praise with Mark Bell of Film Threat in the United States saying:

Canadian review site Pretty Clever Films wrote:

In 2014, the film returned to the festival circuit appearing in the Southern Colorado Film Festival and the Portobello Film Festival. In November, the film screened at the Barossa Film Festival in South Australia. In 2015, the film returned to Australia for the People of Passion Festival where it picked up the Best Short Comedy accolade.

Awards

Eurovision

In 2013, the producers of the film considered a bid for the character Nelson to represent the United Kingdom at the 2014 edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. A support page was launched on Facebook but eventually no song materialised and the bid was abandoned.

Autumn Never Dies
On 12 December 2014, it was announced on the website of Quick Off The Mark Productions that writing had begun on a possible sequel to The Greyness of Autumn entitled Autumn Never Dies. A crowd funding campaign was launched on Kickstarter on 17 August 2015 to raise funds for the production and lasted for 30 days. The campaign successfully raised £1,505 from 44 backers including former Gamesmaster host Dominik Diamond. The film released in 2020.

References

External links

 British Film Council Listing

2012 short films
Films set in Glasgow
Films shot in Scotland
Scottish drama films
2012 films
2012 independent films
English-language Scottish films
Puppet films
British black comedy films
Quick Off The Mark Productions films
British independent films
2012 black comedy films
2012 directorial debut films
2010s English-language films
2010s British films


title: Jean Delvin

text:
Jean-Joseph Delvin (1853 – 1922) was a Belgian painter who specialized in scenes with animals (primarily horses).

Life
Delvin was born in Ghent. He attended the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Ghent, where he studied under , and worked in the studios of Jean Portaels in Brussels. His fellow students there included André Cluysenaar and Jacques de Lalaing. Later, he undertook study trips to France and Spain. For many years, he shared a small workshop in a garden shed with Gustave Den Duyts.

In 1883, he was invited to join the secessionist group Les XX, along with James Ensor, Fernand Khnopff, Théo van Rysselberghe and several others, but he resigned only a few years later in 1886. He was also a member of La Libre Esthétique and Kunst van Heden (Art for Today) in Antwerp. At about that time, he began teaching at the Academy in Ghent and later became its Director (1902–1913).

Among his many well-known students there were Albert Baertsoen, Gustave De Smet, Frans Masereel, George Minne and Frits Van den Berghe.

Gallery

References

Further reading
 Gent. Duizend jaar kunst en cultuur (A Thousand Years of Art and Culture, exhibition catalog), Ghent, (Museum voor Schone Kunsten), 1975.
 Le dictionnaire des peintres belges du XIVe siècle à nos jours, Brussels, 1994.
 Gisèle Ollinger-Zinque, Pierre Baudson, et al., Les XX. La Libre Esthétique. Honderd jaar later (exhibition catalog), Brussels (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium), 1993.
 De muren weten ervan (The Walls Know It, exhibition catalog), Ghent, 1997.
 M. Tahon-Vanroose, De vrienden van Scribe (The Friends of Scribe, exhibition catalog), Ghent (Museum voor Schone Kunsten), 1998.

External links

 Arcadja Auctions: More works by Delvin

1853 births
1922 deaths
19th-century Belgian painters
Belgian male painters
19th-century Belgian male artists
20th-century Belgian painters
Animal painters
Artists from Ghent
20th-century Belgian male artists
Place of death missing


title: Mark Nicholson (politician)

text:
Mark Nicholson (1818 – 27 October 1889) was a pastoralist and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Biography
Nicholson was born in Clifton, Gloucestershire, England, the youngest son of Rev. Mark Nicholson and his wife Lucy, née Elcock.
He had five sons and two daughters with his cousin with whom he married, Elizabeth Cobham. This was a political move, as Cobham's mother was sister-in-law to Georgiana McCrae, G. W. Cole, and Dr. D. J. Thomas. This allowed Nicholson to become better connected with other people of power and influence during the early years when the Port Phillip District was just forming.

In 1848 Superintendent La Trobe requested Nicholson, in an arrangement that would be shared with Thomas Manifold and Henry Foster, to become justices of the peace. Warrnambool was relatively young and thus needed those who had more influence in the Magistrates' Court at Belfast (Port Fairy). Furthermore, a bishop named knew Foster and Nicholson to be prominent churchmen. As such, they were requested to conduct services in the township until Dr. Beamish became the incumbent in 1850. In 1853, Nicholson was elected to represent Belfast and Warrnambool in the Victorian Legislative Council, without his knowing. The nomination was likely filed out of familiarity, as Nicholson had family connections; G. W. Cole, J. Graham, and W. C. Haines were fellow members in the council. He successfully moved for a survey of the ports of Belfast and Warrnambool. He was also responsible for the motion to provide funds in 1854 for a museum of natural history, now the National Museum of Victoria. He resigned in 1854 in order to return to England to educate his children.

Colonial Australia
Nicholson arrived in the Port Phillip District in June 1840 aboard the Duchess of Kent.  Superintendent Charles La Trobe asked Nicholson, Thomas Manifold and Henry Foster to become justices of the peace in Warrnambool in 1848. On 7 June 1853 Nicholson was elected to the unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for Belfast and Warrnambool. Nicholson held this position until May 1854.

Nicholson died in Warrnambool on 27 October 1889, he married his cousin, Elizabeth Harvie Cobham in 1845.

References

1818 births
1889 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
English emigrants to colonial Australia
19th-century Australian politicians
People from Clifton, Bristol


title: Nandipur

text:
Nandipur () is an industrial town located near Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The Nandipur Power Project and Nandipur Hydropower Plant are located in Nandipur.

See also
 Nandipur Power Project
 Nandipur Hydropower Plant
 Nandipur High School

References

Cities and towns in Gujranwala District


title: Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101

text:
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101, designated by 2227 (in the Alfred Rahlfs numbering of koine Greek Septuagint  manuscripts), P.Oxy.77 5101, P.Oxy.LXXVII 5101, TM 140272 or LDAB 140272 is a manuscript of the Psalms in the Greek Septuagint version, written on papyrus in roll form. It has survived in only a few fragments. Using the study of comparative writings styles (palaeography), it has been dated to between 50 and 150 CE.

It uses the Tetragrammaton (name of God in the Hebrew Bible) written in palaeo-Hebrew script instead substituting the Greek title , and is currently the earliest extant copy of the Septuagint Psalms.

Description

The manuscript was originally a papyrus roll, of which fragments from six columns have survived. The fragments contain Psalms 26:9-14; 44:4-8; 47:13-15; 48:6-21; 49:2-16; 63:6-64:5 according to the numbering of the Septuagint (the Hebrew Bible Psalms number them slightly differently). According to biblical scholar Larry Hurtado, “[t]his is probably the earliest extant copy of the Septuagint Psalms.” The text was written by an inexperienced writer in uncial script characters.

Greek text

Text according to A. R. Meyer:

Tetragrammaton

The manuscript contains the tetragrammaton to represent the Divine Name of God (YHWH) written in the palaeo-Hebrew script (). This manuscript is not a recension and contains the name of God YHWH in Paleo-Hebrew letters, thus contradicting the argument that the presence of the tetragrammaton in Paleo-Hebrew letters is the product of a recension to the Hebrew text. The Greek scribe was not familiar with the tetragram, so it is concluded that instead of changing the original reading, he simply copied it from another manuscript that already contained it, but it has also been argued that a blank space was left, and then the scribe himself decided to write YHWH in Paleo-Hebrew. A. R. Meyer affirmed that "still, the evidence of P. Oxy 5101 is too fragmentary to give decisive evidence for the procedure of writing the Tetragrammaton. If P. Oxy 5101 follows the procedure of other Greek biblical texts that write the Tetragrammaton in the paleo-Hebrew script, then it would represent a one-stage writing system". Anthony R. Meyer wrote:

Meyer concludes that "on the whole, this line of argumentation to establish the Tetragrammaton as a secondary development based on recensional traits of Greek texts is flawed", and "the presence of ιαω does not decisively answer the question of the earliest OG rendering". He adds: "there is no proof that the reason for the Tetragrammaton is caused by or inherent to the textual character of early revisions of the Old Greek". Speaking of the Qumran manuscript, the Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever, which is a kaige recension of the Septuagint, "a revision of the Old Greek text to bring it closer to the Hebrew text of the Bible as it existed in ca. 2nd–1st century BCE", Kristin De Troyer in 2007 remarks: "The problem with a recension is that one does not know what is the original form and what the recension. Hence, is the paleo-Hebrew Tetragrammaton secondary – a part of the recension – or proof of the Old Greek text? This debate has not yet been solved."

History
The manuscript was discovered at Oxyrhynchus (Egypt), and has been catalogued with number P. Oxy 5101. The manuscript has been given an Alfred Rahlfs number of 2227 in the list of Septuagint manuscripts. The fragments were published in 2011 by Danielę Colomo and W.B. Henry in The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol LXXVII (77).

The manuscript is currently housed in the Papyrology section of the Sackler Library at Oxford (shelf number 20 3B.36/J(4)B + 27 3B.38/N(1)B + 27 3B.41/J(1-2)c).

References

Bibliography

External links

1st-century biblical manuscripts
2nd-century biblical manuscripts
5101
Psalms
Septuagint manuscripts


title: Aki Kurose

text:
Aki Kurose (1925–1998) was an American teacher and social-justice activist who helped establish Washington state's first Head Start program and worked to increase access to education and affordable housing, particularly among low-income and minority families.

She was incarcerated with other Japanese Americans during World War II and during this period was exposed to the Quaker values of peace advocacy and nonviolent conflict resolution by Friends working in camp. After the war, she joined several groups in Seattle working for peace, racial equality, and open housing, and became an award-winning elementary school teacher in the Seattle Public Schools system during her 25-year tenure with the district. She is the namesake of a middle school, a low-income housing community and a peace garden in Seattle, and the local chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League awards the Aki Kurose Memorial Scholarship each year.

Early life
Born Akiko Kato in Seattle on February 11, 1925, Kurose was the third of four children. Her parents had immigrated separately – her father Harutoshi arriving from Miyagi prefecture seeking work, her mother Murako from Kumamoto to study – and met through mutual friends in Berkeley, California. They moved to Seattle soon after marrying and leased an apartment building which Murako managed while Harutoshi took a job as a porter at Union Station. (The Katos were unable to purchase the property due to alien land laws which kept Asian immigrants, prohibited by law from naturalized citizenship, from owning land or real estate in Washington.)

From an early age, Kurose was encouraged to think outside expected gender roles by her parents' egalitarian and nontraditional relationship: Her mother obtained an engineer's license, operated the boiler room and furnace, and performed general maintenance around the building, while her father would bake jelly rolls every Friday evening for get-togethers with friends and neighbors.

Kurose lived and went to school with a diverse group of children from her working-class neighborhood in Seattle's Central District. Pushed together by red-lining and restrictive covenants that kept most of the city's neighborhoods off limits to Jews and people of color, the Katos frequently hosted African American, Chinese American and Jewish neighbors at social gatherings in their apartment, and Kurose and her friends "went in and out of each other's homes all the time". Her parents placed little emphasis on traditional Japanese values and cultural ties, and unlike many other Nisei at the time, she and her siblings attended Japanese language school only once a week instead of each day after their regular classes. Kurose instead spent her free time engaged with the Girl Scouts and her high school band and drama club.

World War II
The December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor came during Kurose's senior year at Garfield High School in Seattle, Washington. She later recalled brushing off her father's worries of trouble, unconcerned as she and her siblings were American citizens – but at school the next day, she was reminded of her "Japaneseness" and unequal status when a teacher told her, "You people bombed Pearl Harbor."

On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing military commanders to create zones from which "any or all persons may be excluded," and over the next several months approximately 112,000 Japanese Americans were "evacuated" from the newly established Military Areas 1 and 2. The Katos were removed first to the Puyallup Assembly Center (also known as "Camp Harmony"), where Aki and her family were assigned a one-room "apartment" in a barracks on the parking lot of the requisitioned fairgrounds. The family was later transferred to the War Relocation Authority camp at Minidoka, Idaho.

Kurose completed her high school education in Minidoka and became involved with the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), which donated books to the camp schools and helped college-age Nisei obtain leave clearance to enroll in universities outside the exclusion zone. She left camp to attend the University of Utah in Salt Lake City but, after encountering problems with her living situation, she was forced to move and ended up at the LDS Business College instead. Kurose returned briefly to Seattle when the West Coast was reopened to Japanese Americans at the end of the war, but soon moved to Wichita, Kansas, and enrolled at Friends University. She graduated in 1948 and returned to Seattle to marry Junelow (Junks) Kurose, her best friend's brother and her brother's best friend. Junks, recently discharged from the Army, had been living in Chicago, where his parents resettled upon their release from camp, and the couple moved there.

Career and activism
In 1950, Kurose had their first child (Hugo, named after Junks' older brother, who had been forcibly conscripted into the Japanese army and died in the Pacific Theater of World War II), and the new family moved back to Seattle soon after. The transition was not easy. Discriminatory real estate practices, combined with a shortage of available housing, made it difficult to find a new home, so the family stayed with Kurose's parents until they were able to move into their own place. The local electrical and construction unions would not admit Japanese Americans, so Junks, an electrician, was unable to find work for some time before eventually taking a job as a Boeing machinist. During this time, Kurose worked for an interracial porter's union her father had started upon his return to Seattle. The city's largely Japanese American workforce had been replaced by African Americans during the incarceration, and employers capitalized on tension between the two ethnic groups when former camp inmates began to return and seek out their old jobs. Harutoshi helped organize the union, and Kurose was appointed its secretary.

Influenced by the discrimination she and her husband faced during their search for a home, Kurose became involved in the open housing movement in the 1950s, working first with the AFSC and later, in the 1960s, joining the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). During this time, the Kuroses had five more children; Aki enrolled them at a Seattle Freedom School, and brought them with her to civil rights marches and anti-war demonstrations. Sparking what would become a lifelong passion for education, she began taking classes in early-childhood education and development, started working in preschool programs, and joined a group of neighborhood parents to form the state's first Head Start program in 1965.

She began teaching for Seattle Public Schools through Head Start, eventually taking a job at an elementary school in 1974. Two years later, as part of the city's (reluctant and federally-mandated) move to desegregate its public schools, she was transferred from Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary, an urban, predominantly African American school, to the exclusive Laurelhurst Elementary in North Seattle. Her arrival was not welcomed by the parents of the until recently all-white student body, and Kurose was called to a meeting with forty concerned parents to defend her qualifications before she started teaching. (She would later describe the meeting as being "on trial", and recalled a parent telling her, "If you want to bring your rice bowl and chopsticks, it's okay".) During her first month, Kurose was monitored in the classroom each day by two parents, but she gradually won over the skeptical Laurelhurst community. When students of color were bused to Laurelhurst from the city's central area beginning in 1978, Kurose worked to ease their integration into the school and push her fellow teachers to promote a multicultural curriculum.

Despite the initial resistance to her assignment at Laurelhurst, Kurose eventually became one of its most well-loved and respected teachers, both locally and nationally. In 1980, she was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children. She continued her own education, enrolling in a University of Washington graduate program in 1981 and receiving a Master of Early Childhood Education degree four years later. In the classroom, she encouraged her students to learn through hands-on experience instead of rote memorization, and she received numerous awards for her innovative teaching style. In 1985, she was named the Seattle Teacher of the Year, and in 1990 she was given the Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching (PAEMST). Her work integrating peace advocacy with education was recognized internationally in 1992, when she received the United Nations Human Rights Award.

Legacy
Upon her retirement in 1997, Laurelhurst students and parents dedicated the Aki Kurose Peace Garden on the school grounds. Kurose died the following year, on May 24, after a sixteen-year fight with cancer.

Aki Kurose Village, a family-friendly affordable housing community in North Seattle, opened in 1999, and in 2000 the Casper W. Sharples Junior High was renamed the Aki Kurose Middle School Academy, the first Seattle school named after an Asian American woman. Additionally, the Seattle JACL created the Aki Kurose Memorial Scholarship after her death, awarded annually to a Seattle Public Schools graduate applying to a Seattle community college or Washington state public university.

See also

 List of people from Seattle

References

1925 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American educators
Schoolteachers from Washington (state)
20th-century American women educators
Garfield High School (Seattle) alumni
Friends University alumni
Japanese-American civil rights activists
Japanese-American internees
Ensign College alumni
Educators from Seattle
Seattle Public Schools
University of Utah alumni
University of Washington College of Education alumni
American educators of Japanese descent
Activists from Washington (state)


title: 1st Armoured Division (United Kingdom)

text:
The 1st Armoured Division was an armoured division of the British Army. It was formed as the Mobile Division on 24 November 1937, after several years of debate on the creation of such a formation. It was then renamed, in April 1939, the 1st Armoured Division. Following the start of the Second World War, in September 1939, subordinate units and formations were withdrawn from the division to reinforce others. Then, in May 1940, the division was deployed to France and then fought in the Battle of France. After several engagements and heavy tank losses, it was forced to withdraw to the UK, in June, during Operation Aerial. In late 1941, the division was sent to North Africa where it took part in the Western Desert campaign, notably fighting at the Battle of Gazala, and the First and the Second Battles of El Alamein.

The division then fought in the Tunisian campaign until the Axis defeat in North Africa in May 1943. It was during this period that it was temporarily renamed the 1st British Armoured Division, to avoid it being confused with the American 1st Armored Division. With the conclusion of fighting in Tunisia, the division remained in North Africa until 1944. In May, it started to move to Italy to fight in the Italian campaign. Between late August and the end of September, the division fought in several engagements as part of the Allied assault on the German Gothic Line. Due to a manpower shortage in the British Army, the division was broken up to provide reinforcements for other formations to keep them at full strength. In October 1944, the division relinquished command of its final troops and ceased to be an operational formation and was disbanded on 11 January 1945.

Background and formation

During the interwar period, the British Army examined the lessons it learnt during the First World War and determined there was a need to experiment with and develop theories of manoeuvre and armoured warfare. The short-lived Experimental Mechanized Force was created and the army moved towards mechanisation to improve its battlefield mobility. During the early 1930s, General Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), advocated for the formation of a tank-based force, dubbed a Mobile Division, that would be used to screen the advance of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), as had the Cavalry Division in 1914. In early 1937, British planners assumed a European war would be fought against Germany, and a BEF would be dispatched to Europe to supplement Franco-Belgian forces. The BEF was to consist of one mobile and four infantry divisions. The former would ideally be dispatched seven days into such a war and around one week ahead of the infantry. By the end of the year, the timetable had been updated to the entire force being ready to embark 21 days into a war.

During 1937, the army was split on how to implement an armoured formation. General John Burnett-Stuart argued for a formation of cavalry regiments, equipped with light tanks, to be used in a screening role. Colonel Percy Hobart, deputy director for staff studies, favoured a more-balanced force that would include light tanks, more-heavily armoured-and-armed tanks, mechanised infantry, and supporting arms. B. H. Liddell Hart, a military theorist, supported this idea and influenced Leslie Hore-Belisha, the Secretary of State for War, on the subject. The division announced in November was based on Hobart's idea. The Mobile Division was formed with six light-tank regiments that were split between the 1st Light and the 2nd Light Armoured Brigades; three regiments of medium tanks that formed the Tank Brigade; two motorised infantry battalions, and two artillery regiments. It was intended for the formation to be 620-armoured-vehicles strong, but it had only around one-eighth of these vehicles on formation. The lack of armoured vehicles resulted in trucks being used for training in lieu of tanks. David French, a historian who wrote about the development of the British Army during this period, commented that cavalry officers largely supported mechanisation, but resisted turning their regiments into motorised infantry. They argued that light tanks were a better replacement for horses, and allowed the regiments to continue their traditional reconnaissance role. French stated that this had a detrimental effect on the Mobile Division, which became 'tank heavy' with too few supporting infantry and the light-tank regiments exclusively committed to reconnaissance. A rhinoceros, being the most-heavily-armoured animal, was chosen as the divisional insignia. The design included a white standing rhinoceros on a black oval.

There was a dispute over command following the creation of the division. General Cyril Deverell, now CIGS, favoured Major-General John Blakiston-Huston, who was a cavalry officer. Deverell believed Blakiston-Houston an appropriate choice, considering most of the forces assigned to the division came from cavalry regiments. Hore-Belisha and senior army officers opposed this; Liddell Hart argued for an officer from the Royal Tank Corps such as Hobart, Frederick Alfred Pile, or Charles Broad, on the basis experience with tanks and armoured warfare was needed. In a compromise, Major-General Alan Brooke, who had served in the artillery but had no prior experience in mobile forces or their training, was appointed to command on 24 November 1937.

Thereafter, the army established three types of divisions and solidified the role of the mobile division. Infantry divisions would penetrate the enemy's defensive line with the support of infantry tanks. Mobile divisions would then exploit any gaps created and the territory captured would be secured by fast-moving motor divisions (motorised infantry). It was envisioned this would transform the attack into a breakthrough and maintain mobility. Burnett-Stuart, who had been responsible for the training of the Mobile Division, influenced its doctrine. He argued the assigned infantry were not "to be put on to a position by tanks and told to hold it, and they are not meant to fight side by side with your tanks in the forefront"; the infantry's role was simply to protect the tanks when they were stationary. Burnett-Stuart's tactics did not conform with British doctrine, which promoted combined-arms co-operation to win battles, as did German armoured warfare doctrine that believed tanks alone would not be a decisive weapon. Burnett-Stuart's thinking, however, predominated within the British armoured forces until a doctrine reformation occurred in 1942.

On 15 July 1938, Major-General Roger Evans, a cavalry officer, took command of the division following the promotion of Brooke. By this point, the Vickers Medium Mark II, which was the main weapon system of the tank brigade, was considered obsolete. Starting in December, the first deliveries of modern cruiser tanks arrived to replace them. During January 1939, Hore-Belisha proposed splitting the Mobile Division into two smaller formations but found no support. The issue was again broached a month later, and was accepted in principle by the Cabinet. Shortly after, the French government was informed of a preliminary timetable for the arrival of the BEF in the event of war; "One Regular Armoured Division will become available about the middle of 1940".

In April 1939, the formation was renamed as the 1st Armoured Division. The following month, the army developed a new organisation for such formations; they were intended to have one light-armoured brigade with 108 light tanks and 66 light cruisers, and one heavy-armoured brigade outfitted with 78 light cruisers, 45 heavy cruisers, and 24 tanks equipped to provide close support. Additionally, 13 heavy cruisers and 15 light cruisers were to be spread around the divisional and brigade headquarters. This would give such a division a total of 349 tanks. The division's support group was to have one artillery regiment, one anti-aircraft/anti-tank regiment, engineers, and two infantry battalions.

Second World War

Home service and Battle of France

At the outbreak of the Second World War on 3 September 1939, the division consisted of the 1st Light, the 1st Heavy (formerly the Tank Brigade) and the 2nd Light Armoured Brigades. During October that year, the support group's two regiments of artillery were withdrawn and dispatched to France to join the BEF. The following month, the 1st Light Brigade was removed and used to form the 2nd Armoured Division over the following months. This re-organisation left the division with 190 light and 25 cruiser tanks. During the same period, the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, General Walter Kirke developed Julius Caesar, a plan to defend the UK from a potential German invasion. In this plan, the 1st Armoured Division was to be within a short distance of the East Anglian coast, which was assumed to be the country's most vulnerable point. The 2nd Light Brigade and the support group were located in west Suffolk and north-west Essex while the heavy brigade was based further inland in Hertfordshire. A small number of tanks and an infantry company were maintained as a separate unit to counter any small  (German paratrooper) landings. During January 1940, with the risk of a landing reduced due to winter, the division concentrated for training in Dorset. On 14 April, the 2nd Light Armoured Brigade was renamed the 2nd Armoured Brigade and the 1st Heavy Brigade became the 3rd Armoured Brigade. Later in the month, the infantry of the support group were transferred to the 30th Infantry Brigade. By 3 May 1940, the division had 203 light and 121 cruiser tanks and it was hoped it would be able to cross the English Channel to France and finalise its training at Pacy-sur-Eure, Normandy.

On 10 May 1940, the Phoney War—the period of inactivity on the Western Front since the start of the conflict—ended as the Germans invaded Belgium and the Netherlands. As the Allied forces advanced to meet the invasion, the main German attack came via the Ardennes Forest and continued into France. This invasion split the Allied forces in Belgium from the rest of the French Army along the Franco-German border. The 1st Armoured Division, now 114 light and 143 cruiser tanks strong, was still in Dorset and was ordered to France. The division lacked spare parts and bridging equipment, did not have all of its wireless equipment, lacked a full complement of anti-tank or anti-aircraft guns, and had no tank reserves to replace losses. An advance party landed at Le Havre on May 15 and moved to Arras. Approaching German forces, coupled with aerial attacks on Le Havre and the mining of the port resulted in the decision to unload the rest of the division at Cherbourg. On 19 May, the first meaningful elements landed. On 22 May, the 3rd Armoured Brigade had one of its regiments removed and transferred to the 30th Infantry Brigade.

The division was ordered to seize and hold bridges across the Somme between Picquigny and Pont-Remy, and was then to support the BEF as circumstances dictated. The leading elements of the division arrived near Rouen on 22 May. The following day, still not fully concentrated, Evans and his staff were aware up to six panzer divisions (armoured divisions) were on the east side of the Somme, although they were believed to have been greatly weakened by the fighting of their advance. They also held the impression that the Battle of Arras, which had occurred two days earlier and had already concluded, had sparked a general Anglo-French counterattack. In actuality, ten German divisions were operating in this area, were not as weakened as British command believed, had already seized and reinforced bridgeheads across the Somme, and had completed the encirclement of the BEF. Conflicting orders were issued; the BEF ordered the division to advance on the Somme with haste and with whatever units were available, then continue to Saint-Pol to "cut the rear of the enemy who are about St Omer and relieve the threat to the right of the BEF". Général Alphonse Joseph Georges, commander of all French forces operating in the north-east of the country, ordered the 1st Armoured Division to move towards Abbeville and clear the area of German forces, which were implied to be in small numbers. After completing this task, they were to move towards the BEF and provide it with flanking cover. The French Seventh Army gave a third set of instructions, which stated the division was under their command and was to provide that army with flanking protection for an attack on Amiens. Evans held the opinion that his force was unable to achieve any of these missions due to the lack of infantry and supporting arms and that his division had still not assembled.

The first elements of the 2nd Armoured Brigade reached the Somme around 01:00 on 24 May. Two tanks were lost due to anti-tank mines, and the brigade found the bridges to be well-guarded. A few hours later, the brigade was reinforced with the 4th Battalion, Border Regiment, and a second attempt was made against three crossings. Numerous tanks and men were lost attempting to reach two, with the attacks repulsed. At Ailly-sur-Somme, near Amiens, men from the 4th Borderers secured a bridgehead. The bridge was destroyed, the attack called off, and the Borderers withdrawn. By the end of the day, the division was ordered to hold its positions. On 26 May, after receiving orders from London to come under French command and the division having finally completed its landing in France, Evans was ordered to split his force. The 2nd Armoured Brigade moved to Biencourt to support the French 2nd Light Cavalry Division, while the 3rd Armoured Brigade went to Buigny to supplement the French 5th Light Cavalry Division. The following day, this force began the Battle of Abbeville on dug-in German positions guarding several bridgeheads. Tank attacks, without infantry or other supporting arms, resulted in the division losing 65 tanks. Fifty-five more suffered mechanical breakdowns, due to the lack of maintenance since landing.

Over the following days, the Dunkirk evacuation rescued the BEF. The 1st Armoured Division and the remaining British forces in France, assisted the French with holding a defensive line along the Somme; the French now appreciating the division could not force a bridge crossing due to the way it was organised and equipped. On 5 June, elements of the division assisted the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division near Oisemont and lost several tanks. The next day, the division repelled further German attacks and captured 44 prisoners. It then came under the command of the French Tenth Army and the remnants of the division started to concentrate, with the instruction to launch a counterattack into the southern flank of the renewed German advance. No significant attack occurred, and the division withdrew beyond the Seine on 8 June. In the final stages of the campaign, Britain attempted to reinforce France with a second BEF while the French considered a national redoubt in Brittany that would include the division. Shortly afterwards, the proposal was rejected, all British forces were ordered to withdraw from France and the 1st Armoured Division was directed to Cherbourg. The 2nd Armoured Brigade's tanks were put aboard trains but never arrived. The 3rd Armoured Brigade's remaining 26 tanks moved by road. Between 16 and 18 June, now under the command of Lieutenant-General James Marshall-Cornwall's Norman Force, the division was withdrawn from Brest, Cherbourg, and Saint-Nazaire in Operation Aerial, and returned to the UK with just 13 tanks.

The Division was then placed in reserve in Surrey to undertake anti-invasion duties and was given priority for tank production, over the 2nd Armoured Division, so it could rebuild. By October, the tank-strength of the division had increased to 18 light and 133 cruiser tanks. The same month, the 3rd Armoured Brigade was replaced by the 22nd Armoured Brigade. In April 1941, tanks were withdrawn and transported to reinforce British forces in Egypt via the Tiger convoy. In June, with a stalemate in the Western Desert campaign that was being fought in Egypt and Italian Libya, General Sir Claude Auchinleck—commanding British forces in North Africa and the Middle East—informed the War Office that he needed at least two and ideally three armoured divisions to undertake offensive action to lift the Siege of Tobruk. The division then lost more tanks, as they were withdrawn and shipped to Egypt. This was followed by the 22nd Armoured Brigade being detached and dispatched as well. The division, equipped with 60 M3 Stuart light and 124 Crusader tanks, left the UK in August aboard convoy WS 12.

Initial desert fighting
When the division arrived in Egypt in mid-November 1941, the latest British offensive Operation Crusader had already started. Major-General Herbert Lumsden now held command and his force was ordered to undertake desert training. By the end of the year, Operation Crusader had concluded with an Axis withdrawal to western Libya. The 1st Armoured Division moved into eastern Libya, took over the front line and was reinforced with the 200th Guards Brigade. Apart from small infantry forces, the division was the only force within  of the front line. The 1st Armoured Division was further reinforced with additional infantry and artillery units, although these had never before trained with the formation. Divisional-level training was intended to continue but inadequate fuel stocks interrupted it. In early January 1942, the division was subjected to an aerial attack that wounded Lumsden, who was replaced by Major-General Frank Messervy. On 21 January 1942, Axis forces attacked the 150-tank strong division and forced it to conduct a fighting withdrawal. It, along with the rest of the Eighth Army, retreated until the army regrouped at Gazala in February. During this period, 42 tanks were lost in combat and a further 30 were damaged or abandoned.

Lumsden resumed command on 12 February 1942, and the 22nd Armoured Brigade rejoined in April. According to Michael Carver (a participant of the battle, who would later become a field marshal and then a historian), Lumsden resented Messervy for the setback that had befallen the division in January. Messervy's 7th Armoured Division, with one armoured brigade, was considered to be as strong as the 1st due to both formations having an equal number of M3 Grant medium tanks. According to Carver, these two factors made Lumsden reluctant to support the 7th if called upon and was adamant none of his force would be allocated to it.

On 26 May 1942, Axis forces struck the Allied positions and initiated the Battle of Gazala. The next morning, the division was ordered to send the 22nd Armoured Brigade to join the 7th Armoured Division after it was realised a major Axis attack was underway. According to Carver, there was an "acrimonious exchange" between Lumsden and XIII Corps headquarters, the parent formation of the 1st Armoured Division, and no order was issued for two hours. The 22nd Armoured Brigade was attacked by Axis armoured forces; it lost 30 tanks and withdrew northwards. In the afternoon of 27 May, the division counterattacked with its full force. It was later supported by the 1st Army Tank Brigade and together checked the Axis advance. Over the following days, the division engaged the German 15th Panzer Division and the Italian 132nd Armored Division "Ariete" with mixed success.

By 12 June, tank crew morale was low, and the relationship between Lumsden and Messervy further deteriorated. The brigadiers of the division's armoured brigades, which had temporarily been assigned to the 7th Armoured Division, requested to be returned to the 1st and this request further damaged Lumsden's relationship with Messervy. During the day, the tanks of the 7th Armoured Division were placed under the command of the 1st, and it was able to use 83 Grants, 59 Crusaders and 64 Stuarts. That day, the division battled the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions. The Allies' initial success at halting a German tank attack was followed by an attack on the 4th Armoured Brigade, and by that evening, it had 15 of the 95 tanks with which it had started. The 1st Armoured Division had been reduced to 50 tanks. While tank losses had been heavy, most were able to be recovered and were sent to workshops to be repaired. On 13 June, the division's infantry—the 201st Guards Brigade (formerly the 200th Guards Brigade), holding an entrenched position called the Knightsbridge Box—came under a German assault. The armoured brigades fought additional actions in support of the infantry but during the hours of darkness it was decided to abandon the position, marking a turning point in the battle and the start of the Eighth Army's retreat from Gazala.

As the Eighth Army retreated into Egypt, it formed up at Mersa Matruh, which had originally been considered the location in which British forces would conduct "a last-ditch stand" because its loss would bring the Mediterranean Fleet based at Alexandria and the city of Cairo within range of Axis aerial attacks. By 1942, El Alamein, a  stretch of desert between the sea and impassable salt marshes to the south offered a stronger defensive position; however, it lay a further  to the east and Auchinleck had to factor-in the political, moral, and propaganda implications of abandoning Mersa Matruh without a fight. The 1st Armoured Division, reinforced with tanks from the 7th Armoured Division, was positioned in the desert to protect army's southern desert flank. On 27 June, the division fought the 15th Panzer and that evening, withdrew as part of a general withdrawal conducted by XIII Corps.

First El Alamein

The division regrouped at El Alamein with the rest of the army and was assigned a counterattack role. On 1 July, the first German attack began. One of the division's brigades became bogged down in soft sand while another was not made aware of the fighting for two hours due to poor communications. When the division finally entered the battle, it engaged the 15th Panzer Division and forced it to withdraw. The next day, fighting resumed with an engagement against the 21st Panzer Division. At dusk on 3 July, the division fended off a determined German attack. Both sides were now spent. On 5 July, Lumsden quarrelled with his superior Lieutenant-General Willoughby Norrie. Lumsden wanted his division, which now contained the majority of the army's armoured forces, to be relieved after weeks of continuous action.

A short period of inactivity, during which both sides entrenched themselves on the territory they held, followed. Ruweisat Ridge dominated the central part of the battlefield. The eastern end was under Allied control while Axis forces occupied the western end. Operation Bacon was intended to occupy the entirety of the ridge via a night attack by Major-General Leslie Inglis' 2nd New Zealand Division. The 1st Armoured Division was to provide support, but Inglis and Lumsden argued over the way the division would be used. Inglis wanted the tanks to move up and be able to defend the infantry at dawn and to fend off anticipated German counterattacks. Lumsden cited Auchinleck's instruction that the division was not to be fixed in an infantry-support role and was to be able to engage and destroy Axis armour as needed. On 13 July, a conference was held by XIII Corps, during which the two divisional commanders grudgingly reconciled and decided how the 1st Armoured Division would be used, although both left with different impressions of the subject. The New Zealanders still expected armoured support at first light, which would require the tanks to move forward during the night in preparation under the assumption of success. Written orders provided to the division called for it to provide flanking protection and exploit any success achieved by the infantry once codewords were received, which indicated the tanks would only move once success had been confirmed.

Two days later, the New Zealand infantry assaulted the ridge, but communication breakdowns meant they were unable to inform the 1st Armoured Division of their success and the tanks did not move. The lack of armoured support resulted in at least one New Zealand battalion being overrun during a German tank-based counterattack, causing a controversy that the division failed to carry out its orders to support the New Zealanders. At around 06:30, the first elements of the division began to move forward, and it took two hours to advance the few miles to the prior front line. Isolated pockets of entrenched Italians, whom the New Zealanders had bypassed during the night, were able to halt the advance. Despite efforts by the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade to clear these pockets to allow the 1st Armoured Division forward, minefields and flanking fire from additional Axis positions impeded progress, and the division was not in position to assist the New Zealanders when a large attack was unleashed upon them by German armour in the afternoon. Small groups of Italian and German tanks that moved towards the 1st Armoured Division were, however, repulsed. In conversations between Lumsden and New Zealand officers, Lumsden said he had verbally informed his brigadiers to move forward during the night, although no written evidence exists to support this. Lumsden had, by that point, become notorious for providing verbal instructions to his subordinates, denying them if a positive outcome was not achieved, and taking praise if successful. Historian Niall Barr wrote; "there was no understanding within 2nd New Zealand Division of the difficulties which tank crews faced in combat and seemingly no recognition within 1st Armoured Division of its responsibility to ensure that Eighth Army's infantry did not face an armoured counterattack alone".

Operation Splendour, which called for the New Zealanders to seize the El Mreir depression with support from the 1st Armoured Division, followed. Planning for this operation coincided with Lumsden being wounded during an air attack and his replacement by Major-General Alexander Gatehouse who, due to undertaking prior duties, was absent from the planning sessions and was not informed of the situation when he arrived, leading to differing expectations of the division's role. In the early morning of 22 July, the New Zealanders reported the capture of their objectives and requested the 1st Armoured Division to move forward. The armoured brigades were ordered to be prepared to deal with German counterattacks but were not ordered to advance. Four hours later, as a repeat of 15 July played out for the infantry, the 1st Armoured Division spotted and engaged German tanks. Minor efforts to advance were thwarted by Axis anti-tank gunfire from positions believed to have been bypassed during the night assault and the tanks withdrew. During the day, Inglis fought with Gatehouse over the lack of armour intervention; Gatehouse said he had not been asked to provide support.

On 22 July, Gatehouse was wounded. Brigadier Arthur Fisher took temporary command. Operation Manhood, the final action of the battle, started four days later, with the division supporting Australian, British, and South African infantry. The infantry night attack succeeded while the division conducted a night march to be in position at daybreak to repel German counterattacks. Reports, however, indicated minefields had not been cleared so at dawn on 27 July, the tanks were again not in a position to support the exposed infantry, and one Australian battalion and one British brigade suffered heavy losses. In the mid-morning, tanks started to pass through the gaps in the minefield but German anti-tank guns had been relocated and halted the division's efforts. Brigadier Frederick Kisch, the chief engineer of the Eighth Army, condemned the division for not doing more during this operation, stating gaps had been created but the division would not move until they were completely satisfied their tanks would not strike mines. According to Barr, this is set against a context of the division needing to conserve tanks and having run into mines in all previous actions. Barr wrote some of the gaps created during Manhood were completely clear, some were found to contain no live or dummy mines, and at least one had not been completely cleared. There was little coordination between the units clearing the minefields and with too few liaison officers, the division was not informed of the openings. Had they been aware, they could have been in position well in advance of the German attacks. The long-term outcome of this was for each formation to be given integrated engineer support for lifting mines, and the responsibility for lifting mines in the path of their advance without needing to rely on other units to do it for them.

Second El Alamein to Tunis

With the fighting over, the division moved into reserve for rest, leave, integrating reinforcements, and to conduct training that was to last until October and would include night marches. During this period, Major-General Raymond Briggs assumed command and the division was reorganised to conform with War Office directions that were issued in May 1942. It then composed of the 2nd Armoured Brigade (with 1 Grant, 92 Shermans, and 68 Crusaders) and the 7th Motor Brigade of three infantry battalions.

On 23 October 1942, the Second Battle of El Alamein began with Operation Lightfoot and a night march by the division. However, unable to extract from the minefields they had to force, the division spent the following days engaging Axis armour from within the minefields. Three days after the start of the battle, the division's infantry launched a night assault to capture two Axis strongholds, although map-reading errors delayed progress. The subsequent defence of Outpost Snipe inflicted heavy losses on Axis forces that conducted a counterattack and resulted in Lieutenant-Colonel Victor Buller Turner being awarded the Victoria Cross.

On 2 November, Operation Supercharge, the next phase of the battle, commenced. The 9th Armoured Brigade, an independent formation, was tasked with charging an Axis anti-tank gun line near Tel el Aqqaqir, and to create enough damage to allow the 1st Armoured Division to follow and break through the Axis lines. Despite the loss of 70 out of 94 tanks and over 200 casualties, not enough damage was done to the Axis positions and the division was unable to advance. According to Barr, the division "would have met the same fate" as the 9th Armoured Brigade had they done so. The division battled with Axis armoured formations throughout the day, losing 54 tanks that were destroyed or damaged, and in return disabled or destroyed around 70. During the darkness of the following morning, the 7th Motor Brigade launched an unsuccessful attack to breach this same position; at least 26 tanks were lost during the day to further Axis tank engagements. In the final stages of the battle, the 90th Light Division was repeatedly engaged as they conducted a rearguard action to protect the Axis forces that had started their general retreat from El Alamein. Throughout the battle, map-reading errors caused repeated problems for the division and affected other formations fighting alongside them. With the battle over, the division took part in the westward pursuit of the retreating Axis forces.

The division's next action was in March 1943, when it joined the Battle of the Mareth Line after having entered Tunisia following the conclusion of the pursuit. This was followed by an attack towards Wadi Akarit on 29 March and its embroilment in the Battle of Wadi Akarit one week later. During April, the division was assigned to the First Army, which had advanced from Algeria into Tunisia. It was then redesignated as the 1st British Armoured Division to avoid confusion with the American 1st Armored Division. At this time, the Allied tanks were painted green to replace their prior desert camouflage colours. The division then took part in Operation Vulcan from April 23, and fought at El Kourzia. Their final action of the campaign took place on 8 May near Tunis. With the conclusion of fighting in Tunisia, the division remained in North Africa until 1944.

Italian campaign

In May 1944, the 1st Armoured Division started to move to Italy to join the Italian campaign; it did not complete its landings until mid-June. It was then held in reserve, being composed of the divisional headquarters, divisional troops, and the 2nd Armoured Brigade. In July, the division was provided with two infantry brigades to finalise a new organisation that reflected the need for additional infantry in Italy. Troops continued to be added to the division until 23 August. The late arrival of troops and the switching of units with other formulations hindered the division's ability to train as cohesive force. On 14 August, Major-General Richard Hull took command.

The 1st Armoured Division was tasked with exploiting any success achieved by their infantry colleagues, who were assaulting the German Gothic Line. At the end of August 1944, it moved forward to join the fighting, advancing behind the assaulting infantry, and lost 22 tanks due to mechanical breakdowns by the time it reached the Foglia river on 3 September. The 46th Infantry Division had led the 1st Armoured Division through German defences, and it was hoped the infantry division would likewise be able to seize crossings over the Marano river. However, the infantry had not been able to do so. Moving through the 46th's position, the 1st Armoured Division advanced towards Coriano. The two leading armoured regiments, each with a supporting infantry company, were met with heavy anti-tank gunfire from the 29th Panzergrenadier Division. For several hours, they attempted to progress before withdrawing at dusk, having lost about 40 tanks. The division's overall tank strength fell from 141 to 86. A more successful attack was made the following day when a village was captured and 60 prisoners were taken, but this advantage was unable to be exploited due to insufficient supporting infantry.

A renewed assault in the same vicinity took place on 12 September, when the division attacked the 26th Panzer and the 98th Infantry Divisions. The attack was a success; an important ridge was captured and 789 prisoners were taken. In conjunction with other formations, the division then cleared Coriano but immediate exploitation was made difficult due to German opposition and defences, and too few infantry were able to support the attack. Further advances were made on 15 and 16 September, when the division's infantry captured another village and two days later, a hill. The division's armoured brigade came under heavy attack on 20 September when operating near the village of Ceriano and trying to advance towards the Marecchia river. A small amount of terrain was gained but one regiment was reduced to 18 tanks. At the end of the day, the division's infantry moved to secure the ground captured and heavy rain ended the fighting. Between the end of August and 21 September, the division suffered 1,111 casualties. The division subsequently fought its way across the Marecchia between 22 and 23 September and then, in its final action, captured Santarcangelo di Romagna on 24 September.

Oliver Leese, the commanding officer of the Eighth Army, criticised the division's performance during the fighting, saying; "it is extraordinary how difficult it is to make new troops realise the inter-dependence of tanks and infantry until they have gained the knowledge by bitter experience in battle". William Jackson, the author of the British official history for this period, commented that the 6th Armoured Division would have been a better choice for the role the 1st undertook in Italy because it "was fully experienced in hill, if not mountain warfare and would have been a better choice than the ad hoc last minute grouping of three brigades which was all that 1st Armoured Division could really claim to be".

By mid-1944, the British Army was in the midst of a manpower crisis; it did not have enough men to replace the losses suffered by front line infantry units. In the Italian theatre, the army needed to find at least 21,000 reinforcements and had suffered an average of 300 casualties per day during the August-to-September fighting that compounded this issue. To address this crisis, the War Office started to transfer men from the Royal Artillery and the Royal Air Force to infantry training depots but this was not enough to stem the shortfall of available soldiers and the decision was made to disband divisions to move the men to combat formations. The 1st Armoured Division was chosen to be disbanded. The 43rd Gurkha Lorried Infantry Brigade, which had come under its command after moving to Italy, was transferred to the 56th (London) Infantry Division to replace the 168th (London) Infantry Brigade that had been withdrawn due to lack of reinforcements. Divisional troops and the 18th Infantry Brigade (previously the 7th Motor Brigade) were reassigned to other formations to reinforce them, while the 2nd Armoured Brigade was retained as an independent armoured force.

The divisional headquarters was also maintained. During October 1944, it commanded three small, ad hoc groups that had been created and was used to screen assembling Allied forces during further fighting on the Gothic Line. Around the same time, German intelligence determined the division had been all but disbanded. The headquarters relinquished command of its final troops on 28 October and the division ceased to be an operational formation. It was officially disbanded on 11 January 1945.

Post war formations with the same name
In July 1946, while located at Trieste, the 6th Armoured Division was redesignated as the 1st Armoured Division. The renamed formation maintained the 6th Armoured Division's insignia of a mailed fist. During 1947, the division transferred to Palestine where it was disbanded that September.

In 1978, 1st Division was retitled as the 1st Armoured Division. Five years later, it adopted an insignia that merged the designs of the 1st Division and the Second World War-era's 1st Armoured Division. The formation went on to fight in the Gulf War and in 2014 was retitled as the 1st (United Kingdom) Division.

See also

 List of commanders of the British 1st Armoured Division
 List of orders of battle for the British 1st Armoured Division
 British armoured formations of the Second World War
 List of British divisions in World War II
 Structure of the British Army in 1939

Notes
 Footnotes

 Citations

References

Further reading

External links
  (Report outlines 1st Armoured Division's activities during October 1944, specifically "Elbo Force" and "Wheeler Force".)
  (An essay detailing the 1st Armoured Division in France, 1940)

Armoured divisions of the British Army in World War II
British armoured divisions
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1939 establishments in the United Kingdom
Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II


title: Richwater Films

text:
Richwater Films was a British film production and financing company and distributor, launched in 2013 by Jonathan Sothcott, which specialised in crime, thriller and action films.

History
The company was launched in 2013 and the first film that it produced was Vendetta starring Danny Dyer, Vincent Regan and Bruce Payne. It later produced Top Dog (2014) directed by Martin Kemp and starring Leo Gregory, We Still Kill the Old Way (2014), Age of Kill (2014) and Renegades (2014).

In April 2015, Richwater Films announced that it had teamed up with WWE Studios to co-produce and co-finance two action-thrillers, Eliminators and Rampage.

Filmography

References

Film production companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies based in London
Mass media companies of England
Mass media companies established in 2013
Mass media companies disestablished in 2016


title: 2008 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament

text:
The 2008 Atlantic 10 Conference Baseball Championship was held from May 21 through 24 at Campbell's Field in Camden, New Jersey. It featured the top six regular-season finishers of the conference's 14 teams. Second-seeded Charlotte defeated Xavier in the title game to win the tournament for the second straight year, earning the A-10's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA tournament.

Seeding and format
The league's top six teams, based on winning percentage in the 27-game regular-season schedule, were seeded one through six. The top two seeds, Xavier and Charlotte, received byes into the second round of play in the double elimination tournament.

In the tie for first place, the conference's tiebreaking procedures gave Xavier the top seed.

Bracket

All-Tournament Team
The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team. Charlotte's Rob Lyerly, one of four 49ers selected, was named Most Outstanding Player.

Duquesne's Bill Torre (2005) was a second-time selection.

Notes

 This was Duquesne's final appearance in the tournament as the baseball program folded in 2010 due to budget cuts.

References

Tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
Baseball in New Jersey
College sports in New Jersey
History of Camden, New Jersey
Sports competitions in New Jersey
Sports in Camden, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Camden, New Jersey


title: Matthew Howard (footballer)

text:
Matthew James Howard (born 5 December 1970) is an English retired professional footballer who made one appearance in the Football League for Brentford as a right back. After his release in 1989, he dropped into non-League football and made over 100 appearances with both Boreham Wood and Hendon.

Playing career

Brentford
After beginning his career in the youth system at hometown club Watford, Driscoll joined the youth team at Third Division club Brentford in 1987. He made his professional debut on the final day of the 1987–88 season, when he came on as a half time substitute for Roger Stanislaus in a 2–1 defeat to York City at Griffin Park. He received a yellow card, as manager Steve Perryman had forgotten to inform the referee of the change. Howard failed to make a first team appearance during the 1988–89 season, but was a part of the youth team which reached the semi-finals of the 1988–89 FA Youth Cup. Howard departed Brentford in January 1990, having made just a single first team appearance.

Non-League
After his release from Brentford, Howard had a long career in non-League football, playing for Isthmian League clubs St Albans City, Boreham Wood, Hayes, Chesham United, Hendon, Leyton, Hitchin Town, Leighton Town and Aylesbury United. He finished his career with Hertfordshire Senior County League Premier Division club Elliott Star, for whom he made 24 appearances in his final two seasons.

Career statistics

Honours
Hendon
 Isthmian League Full Members Cup: 1997–98

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Brentford F.C. players
Footballers from Watford
English Football League players
Watford F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
Boreham Wood F.C. players
Hayes F.C. players
Chesham United F.C. players
Hendon F.C. players
Leyton F.C. players
Hitchin Town F.C. players
Leighton Town F.C. players
Aylesbury United F.C. players
Isthmian League players


title: 2014 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger – Singles

text:
Alex Kuznetsov was the defending champion but decided not to participate.

Sergiy Stakhovsky won the title, defeating Wayne Odesnik 6–4, 7–6(11–9) in the final.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Levene Gouldin and Thompson Tennis Challenger - Singles
2014 Singles
2014 Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger


title: Matthew Snelling

text:
Matthew Snelling (1621–1678) was an English miniature painter.

Biography
Snelling primarily painted miniature portraits, and has works that can be found in the Victoria and Albert Museum. He worked as a limner for over 20 years. His style appears to have been an influence on the miniature painter Thomas Flatman.

References

1621 births
1678 deaths
17th-century English painters
English male painters
Portrait miniaturists


title: Clematis glycinoides

text:
Clematis glycinoides, commonly known as headache vine, is a climbing shrub of the family Ranunculaceae, found in eastern Australia, and New Caledonia.

Name
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle described the species in 1817, from a specimen from the herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks. The species gains its common name from a folk use as a supposed remedy for headaches. The aroma from the crushed leaves is inhaled, appearing to relieve headaches as a result of the highly irritant properties of the resulting fumes. This process was explained by herbalist Cheryll Williams:
The uncomfortable sensation of breathing in the ammonia-like fumes has been described as "the head 'exploding', the eyes 'watering' and intense irritation of the nasal passages" – such that the initial headache was quickly forgotten.

Two varieties are recognised—C. glycinoides glycinoides and C. glycinoides submutica.

Description
Clematis glycinoides is a woody-stemmed vine that can reach  long, with simple lanceolate (spear-shaped) to oblong leaves that are  long by  wide. The cream-white flowers appear from July to December, although these
are most abundant in September. The species is dioecious: the plants have either male or female flowers. The seedheads have several feathery 'tails' up to  long.

Distribution
C. glycinoides is found in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. It grows in woodland, forests and rainforests, on basalt, limestone, shale or sandstone soils with good drainage. Open forest species that it grows under include grey myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata) and manna gum (E. viminalis), as well as floodplain forest trees such as cabbage gum (Eucalyptus amplifolia) and broad-leaved apple (Angophora subvelutina).

Honeybees visit the flowers.

C. glycinoides is possibly not as vigorous as other Clematis in cultivation, and requires moist conditions to do well. Its white flowers are considered to be an attractive feature.

References

glycinoides
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Victoria (state)
Plants described in 1817
Flora of New Caledonia
Dioecious plants


title: Parachute (Otto Knows song)

text:
"Parachute" is a song by Swedish DJ and music producer Otto Knows. The song was released as a digital download in June 2014 through Refune Music. The song was written by Otto Knows and Simon Strömstedt. The song peaked to number 27 on the Swedish Singles Chart and also charted in Germany and the Netherlands.

Music video
A music video to accompany the release of "Parachute" was first released onto YouTube on 3 June 2014 at a total length of three minutes and forty-two seconds. It has received more than 3.2 million views as of March 2016.

Track listing

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Release history

References

2014 songs
Otto Knows songs


title: Top Dog (2014 film)

text:
Top Dog is a crime drama film directed by Martin Kemp and starring Leo Gregory, Vincent Regan and Ricci Harnett. It is based on the novel written by Dougie Brimson, who also penned the screenplay.

Premise
A hooligan boss Billy Evans (Leo Gregory) feuds with gangster Mickey (Ricci Harnett) over a backstreet protection racket and quickly finds himself out of his depth as events rapidly escalate and he finds that he has taken on far more than he can handle.

Cast
Leo Gregory as Billy Evans
Ricci Harnett as Mickey
Vincent Regan as Mr Watson
George Russo as Hawk
Dannielle Brent as Sam
Jason Flemyng as Dan
Lorraine Stanley as Julie
Susan Penhaligon as Sal
George Sweeney as Steve

Release

The film was released on DVD on 1 June 2014.

References

External links

2014 films
2014 crime drama films
British crime drama films
Films set in London
2010s English-language films
2010s British films
English-language crime drama films


The Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is an annual merit by the Africa Film Academy to reward movies with the best visual effects for the year. It was introduced in 2005 as Best Special effects, and has been known as Best Visual Effects since the second edition till date except the 4th edition when it was simply called Best Effects.

References

Lists of award winners
Africa Movie Academy Awards