title: Manhattan (1924 film)

text:
Manhattan is a 1924 American silent romantic adventure film directed by R. H. Burnside featuring Richard Dix in his first starring role. A wealthy New Yorker falls in love with a burglar's sister.

Plot
As described in a review in a film magazine, Peter Minuit (Dix), wealthy and bored with life, is visited by a burglar who believes him one of his own kind. Peter, posing as Gentleman George, makes a deal with the chap, Spike (Kelly), who hides him in his home where Peter meets and falls in love with his sister Mary (Logan). McGinnis (Siegmann), the head of the gang, wants to marry Mary and she agrees to save her brother and Peter. Peter takes her to his home and reveals his identity. McGinnis threatens to “get” him. Mary goes back to McGinnis. Peter follows and there is a fierce fight. McGinnis is shot by one of his henchmen who has a grudge. The gang is arrested and Peter takes his future wife back home.

Cast

Reception
Mordaunt Hall, critic for The New York Times, gave the movie a mixed review, stating that Kelly's "performance is easily the outstanding one in this production, and singularly enough it is the first time that he has acted before the camera." Hall thought, however, that Dix gave "just another motion-picture performance" and the narrative was "stretched to the breaking point."

Preservation status
A print of the film reportedly survives at Cinemateket Svenska Filminstitutet, Stockholm.

References

External links

 Lobby cards and other material at www.richarddix.org

1924 films
1924 romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
American romantic comedy films
American silent feature films
Films based on British novels
Films set in New York City
Paramount Pictures films
1920s American films
Silent romantic comedy films
Silent American comedy films


title: Nafisa Muminova

text:
Nafisa Muminova (born 1 February 1990 in Tashkent) is a chess player from Uzbekistan.

She won the women's Uzbekistani Chess Championship in 2008 2009, and 2011, won silver medals in the 2008 Asian Youth Championship and as first board in the team event at the 2010 Asian Games, and competed in the Women's World Chess Championship in 2008 and 2010. She is a Woman Grandmaster, the first woman from Uzbekistan to reach that title.

Early life
She started playing chess when she was 9 years old. She has been working as a chess coach since 2012. She has a bachelor degree in "Sports psychology" since she graduated from Uzbek State University of Physical Culture and Sport. She is the co-founder and CEO of "Sky Chess" chess school in Tashkent.

Career
In the Uzbek Women's Chess Championship in 2005 in Tashkent, she finished third. She also achieved third place at the Women's Zonal Tournament in 2005 in Tashkent. In 2007, she won the Uzbek Junior Women's Championship in Tashkent. Once again, she secured the second position at the Uzbek Women's Championship in 2007 in Tashkent. She won the Women's Zonal Tournament in Tashkent in 2008, which qualified her for the Women's World Championship. At the Asian U18 Girls' Championship in Tehran in 2008, she came in second place. However, at the Women's World Championship in Nalchik in 2008, she was eliminated in the first round by Tatiana Kosintseva. In 2009, she became the Uzbek Women's Champion for the second time in Tashkent and once again won a Zonal Tournament in Tashkent, securing a two-point lead. She claimed her third Uzbek Individual title in Tashkent in 2011.

With Uzbekistan, she participated in the Asian Women's Team Championship in 2008 in Visakhapatnam, playing on the third board. She played at the top board for the Uzbek Women's team at the Chess Olympiads in 2008 in Dresden, 2010 in Khanty-Mansiysk, and 2012 in Istanbul. She also represented Uzbekistan at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, where the Uzbek Women's National Team finished in second place. At the 2009 Asian Indoor Games in Hanoi, she played on the first women's board for the Uzbek selection, which secured the third position.

In March 2009, she was awarded the title of Women's International Master (WIM). She achieved the norms for this title in August 2008 at the U20 World Girls Championship in Gaziantep and in November at the Women's Chess Olympiad in Dresden. She became a Women's Grandmaster (WGM) in January 2013, earning norms for this title in August 2009 at the 6th Dato Arthur Tan Open in Kuala Lumpur, in August 2010 at the U20 World Girls Championship in Chotowa, and in September 2012 at the Women's Chess Olympiad in Istanbul. In the German Women's Bundesliga, she was registered for SF 1891 Friedberg during the 2014/15 season but she did not participate.

References

External links

 Interview with Nafisa Muminova, September 2013

1990 births
Living people
Uzbekistani chess players
Chess woman grandmasters
Asian Games medalists in chess
Chess players at the 2010 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Tashkent

Asian Games silver medalists for Uzbekistan
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games


title: Guliskhan Nakhbayeva

text:
Guliskhan Nakhbayeva (born 20 June 1991) is a chess player from Kazakhstan. She received the FIDE titles of Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 2012 and International Master (IM) in 2018.

Nakhbayeva competed in the FIDE Women's Grand Prix 2013–14. She also competed in Chess at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's individual rapid. She was a member of the Kazakhstan Women Chess Olympic Team 2008-2014. Nakhbayeva was the top seed in the 2014 Kazakhstan Chess Championships for Women, a tournament in which she won the championship by the score of 7.5/9 points to finish a full point ahead of the second-place finisher. In doing so, Nakhbayeva won the Kazakhstani championship four years in a row. In 2018 Nakhbayeva participated in the Women's World Chess Championship and placed 28th in the tournament. In 2019, she tied for first place in the Kazakhstan Cup Final for Women with Tomilova Elena.

References

External links

 Guliskhan Nakhbayeva  games and profile at Chess-DB.com

1991 births
Living people
Kazakhstani female chess players
Kazakhstani chess players
Chess woman grandmasters
Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan
Chess players at the 2010 Asian Games
21st-century Kazakhstani women


title: Ku6 Media

text:
Ku6 Media (NASDAQ:KUTV), an online video company, was established in 2006 and now is based in Beijing, China. Those videos posted on Ku6 website include news, movies, television dramas, music videos, entertainment sports and user-generated content (UGC). Ku6 Media was founded as Hurray! Holding Co., Ltd. and changed its name to Ku6 Media Co., Ltd. in August 2010.

History
2006, Ku6 Media was established and began to engage in online video markets.
2007, Ku6 Media reached a business cooperation agreement with Baidu and obtained the first round financing capital ($10 million) from Draper Fisher Jurvetson (DFJ) and DT Capital Partners.
In 2008, Ku6 Media received the license issued by SARFT.
In 2009, Ku6 Media joined Shanda Group and merged with Hurray to be listed.
In 2010, "Ku6 Media Theater" went online, representing the birth of China's hulu mode.

Products and services
Most of the videos posted on the Ku6 website are short-form videos submitted via user uploads. The company provides some customized services, such as user-navigating channels for video sharing and commenting tools; search history for frequent visitors; chatting box alongside videos. In addition to the website, the company also provides videos on mobile platforms. On December 31, 2012, the company delivered an average of over 50,000 new UGC video clips each day.

Operations
Ku6 Media enjoys partnerships with NetEase, Kaixin, CCTV Channel V, YouTube and many film and TV producers in China, like Huayi and Hairun.

In April 2011, Ku6 Media announced the merger with Hangzhou Soushi Networking Co., Ltd. ("Pipi") in an all-stock transaction under which all of the equity interests in Pipi were sold to Ku6 in exchange for an aggregate of 2,212,114,257 ordinary shares of Ku6. In September 2010, Ku6 Media reached content cooperation agreements with Sony Pictures Television and another major Hollywood studio for some of its licensed content.

In 2013, the company announced its love-theme UGC video campaign, which was expected to generate a good number of quality and creative UGC videos around the theme "love", though it did not succeed.

References

External links
 Official Website

Companies established in 2006
Companies listed on the Nasdaq


title: Indira Freitas Johnson

text:
Indira Freitas Johnson (born 1943) is an artist and nonviolence educator.

Johnson was born and raised in Mumbai, India and received a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature from the University of Mumbai in 1964, and a four-year diploma in Applied Arts from Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art in 1964.  In 1965, Johnson was awarded a grant to study at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago where she received a Master of Fine Arts in 1967. Johnson was invited to teach graduate level classes at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in Ceramic Sculpture in 1998 and at the Rhode Island School of Design in Public Art in 2001.

Johnson is the recipient of numerous grants and awards, including the Governor's Award for the Arts, Kohler Company Arts and Industry Grant, Arts ConText, Rhode Island School of Design Museum and the Pew Charitable Trust, Arts International Travelling Fellowship, Raven Foundation, and the Illinois Arts Council.

Johnson's work is represented in numerous major public and private collections including: Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art, Asian American Arts Centre in New York, Rhode Island School of Design Museum in Providence, Mobile Museum of Art in Mobile Alabama, State of Illinois Building in Chicago, Ankor Consultants in Brussels, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Arkansas Arts Center and Decorative Arts Museum in Little Rock, Arkansas, University of Illinois Law School in Carbondale, Illinois, SHARE in Mumbai India, High Museum of Art in Atlanta GA, Air India Corporation in Mumbai, India, Kohler Company in Sheboygan Wisconsin, and Garden/Varelli in Mumbai India.

Public art projects
As an artist, Johnson's identity has evolved as part sculptor, cultural worker, peace activist and educator.  Her numerous studio art work and community engaged projects explore an array of social issues including the cultural dimension of domestic violence, leprosy health education, labor, the environment, gender, peace, nonviolence and literacy. They follow the "call and response" tradition that is prevalent in many cultures. She puts out a call and the community responds so that the final artwork is a hybrid that depends on and is completed by community interaction.

Her public art projects include:
 Peace Offering, 2020, took place on Sunday, October 4, 2020 at the Dammrich Rowing Center in Skokie, Illinois. The event was organized by the Year of Kindness and Nonviolent Action, a Public Art and Community Engagement initiative that uses the transformative power of the arts to unite Evanstonians around a common goal—creating a more inclusive, peaceful and kind community. For this event, members of the community had the option to participate by inscribing the leaves with messages of hope or by submitting their messages online and having the organizers inscribe their messages for them. The resulting leaves were joined together in different patterns and then launched into the North Shore Channel of the Chicago River. Together, we watched the offering float south.
Hand in Hand, 2020, is a series of wall sculptures installed in the entryways to the eight neighborhoods that make up the Chicago Veterans Center. The pieces capture hearts and minds by creating a welcoming, engaging and positive visual environment for Veterans, their friends, and their families. Rooted in interconnection, Hand In Hand suggests that wellbeing happens when an individual feels the power of connection to those around them. This idea reinforces the Chicago Veterans Centers’ belief that once embraced by their community, Veterans can ultimately receive the support and care that they need.
Journey Into Possibilities, 2018, connects the different spaces of the Lincoln Hall Advising Center at the University of Illinois. This work was designed to have a calming and nurturing effect on students as they travel through their educational journey.
Art Institute of Chicago's King Day Festival: Lift Every Voice, 2017, participants traced their footprints and then illustrated them with their commitment to change. Hundreds of participants contributed to the growing spiral of footprints that followed the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his vision for a more hopeful future where there is freedom, equality and justice for all people.
Growing Capabilities, Changing the Face of the Golibar Slum in Mumbai, 2017, is a collaboration with Marketplace: Handwork of India, a collective that empowers women in India to break the cycle of poverty as they become leaders in their neighborhoods. The façade of their headquarters was drab and dingy just like the rest of the structures in the Golibar. Brainstorming together, we discussed the values inherent to the Marketplace philosophy and then translated this vision through symbols and color into a permanent mural work.
Overlapping Connections, 2015, uses the Chinese welcome sign to offer passengers a moment of calm and beauty as they continue on their journey. This piece is permanently installed at the 18th Street Cermak-Chinatown CTA Station.
Resonance of Emptiness, 2013, investigates the concept of emptiness and related ideas of impermanence and interconnectedness.  Johnson was one of 9 international artists and 21 Korean artists invited to participate in the Haein Art Biennale in South Korea
 Ten Thousand Ripples, 2011–2013, is a multi-platform public arts project, a collaboration with cultural and community organizations from the city of Chicago. As part of the project, one hundred emerging Buddha heads were installed throughout the city in sites chosen by host community organizations located in Chicago's 50 wards. The goal of Ten Thousand Ripples was to provide the general community with an intense and meaningful public art experience outside of traditional art venues and in doing so act as a catalyst for community conversations and interactions about peace and nonviolence.  Sites included parks, public plazas, alleys, libraries, building lobbies, and abandoned lots,  Changing Worlds was the lead arts organization in a consortium of over 30 social service, educational, religious and arts organizations.
 Growing Peace, 2011, consisted of Johnson creating a five-acre field sculpture. It revolves around themes of the power of human perspective and its relationship to the process of finding peace within civilization. Johnson uses the universal symbol of a foot, which she says grounds us to the earth and gives us stability
 25th Bowl, 2010, was an exhibition at the Illinois State Museum, Chicago Gallery, which explored themes of interconnectedness, and water sustainability issues.
 Community Blessings are Rangolis, a South Asian folk art tradition where a woman welcomes the day by painting patterns on the threshold of her home to ensure the well-being of her family.  Rangolis use traditional materials like rice flour, turmeric, earth, and flower petals and nontraditional materials like found objects and recycled materials. The first ‘Community Blessings" was in downtown Evanston right after the tragedy of 9/11 where the community came together to express their sorrow and their hope. Johnson has facilitated Community Blessings in diverse communities ranging from Providence, RI 2001, The Chicago Field Museum, 2004, Illinois Wesleyan University, 2004, Contemporary Art Center, Peoria, IL, 2006, SHARE, Mumbai, India, 2006 Parkland College, Champaign, IL, 2009.
 Hand in Hand, 2009, was displayed at the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul Minnesota. It questions the nature of "free" labor and investigates the basic transference of energy which is present in every form of exchange whether, physical, emotional, economic or psychic.
 Conversations: Here and Now, 2008, was commissioned by the City of Evanston, IL. Public meetings were held throughout the city to involve the community in planning the sculpture. Today, Conversations: Here and Now, has become a city landmark, a space for conversation.
 Where Sky Meets Water, 2007, sponsored by Chicago Cultural Center's Public Art Program engaged passersby, random people who helped float over 800 leaves in the Chicago River, in a ritual offering for peace.
 Enough; Indira Freitas Johnson and Voices from around the World, 2003, was sponsored by the Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art, and involved women from the Golibar slum of Mumbai and a wide range of people from the Chicago area and around the world in the question of how much is enough and what do we all really want.
 FREENOTFREE, 2001, sponsored by the RISD Museum and the Pew Charitable Trust where Johnson worked intensely with a literacy group from the Rhode Island Public Library as well as collected stories from the wider Providence Community.
 Voices of Shakti; Pain, Struggle, Courage, a collaboration with women from Apna Ghar, a Chicago-based South Asian domestic violence shelter, which used words, objects and floor drawings to demonstrate the South Asian cultural dimension of domestic violence. This show traveled from Artemisia Gallery, Chicago, 1994, to Beacon Street Gallery, 1995, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 1996, College of St. Catherine, St. Paul, MN 1998.
 Our Own Vision, 1990, was Indira Johnson's first public art project, a collaboration with a Local Bombay NGO and the Indian Western Railway around leprosy health education.  Working with a group of tribal children who had been affected by leprosy, Indira and partners painted a commuter train that ran between Mumbai and the far suburbs and spread the message of leprosy's curability to thousands of people.

Selected solo exhibitions
 BeLonging. Solo Show,The Highland Park Center, Highland Park, IL, 2023
 Gathering of Energy, Bray Grove Farm, Morris, IL, 2022
 Energy Reboot: The Art of Indira Freitas Johnson, Krasl Art Center, St. Joseph, MI, 2012
 Opposition and Unity, Parkland College Gallery, Champaign, IL, 2009
 Satyagraha; Holding Fast to Truth, Chicago Public Library, Chicago, IL, 2007
 Lifetime Offer, Dimensions Variable, Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago IL, 2007
 Indira Freitas Johnson, New Work, Walsh Gallery, Chicago, IL 2006
 Indira Freitas Johnson; A Merging of Two Cultures, Contemporary Arts Center, Peoria, IL, 2004
 Transforming Materials; Uniting the Physical and the Spiritual. Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 2003
 Process of Karma, Indianapolis Art Center Indianapolis IN, 2000
 Vehicles of Transformation, Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL, 1993
 Storm Shelters and Other Works, Evanston Art Center, Evanston, IL, 1991
 Double Vision, Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay, India, 1990

Selected group exhibitions
 Moving Forward in a time of Change: Our New Relationship to the World We Live In, Ukrainian Institute of Modern Art, 2020
Vice / Virtue, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL, 2013
 Streamlines, Ephemeral Presence in Contemporary Art, Mahaprajapati Vihar, Vaishali, India, 2013
 Infinite Mirror, Images of American Identity, International Art and Artists National touring exhibition, 2011–2014
 Pathways and Portals; Art, Nature and Science, Illinois State Museum, 2010–11
 798 Art Zone, Kohler Company's Arts/Industry collection, Beijing, China, 2009
 Erasing Borders, Indo American Arts Center, New York, 2007
 Life InSight; The Human Experience, Kentucky Museum of Art & Craft, Louisville, KY, 2006
 Poetic Expression of Mortality: Figurative Ceramics from the Porter Price Collection, Mobile Museum of Art, Mobile AL 2005
 Fatal Love, Queens Museum, Queens, New York, 2005
 Particles and Passion: The Art of Clay, Academy Art Museum, Easton, MD, 2004
 Honoring Tradition, Perceptions of Three Asian American Artists, Ball State Museum, Muncie, IN, 2004
 Masala, Diversity and Democracy in South Asian Art, William Benton Museum of Art, University of Connecticut, 2004

Residencies
 Anderson Ranch, Snowmass, CO. (1998 & 1999), St Catherine's University, 1991 and 2009
 Adrian College, Adrian, MI 2001
 Kohler Company, Sheboygan, WI, Lakeside Studio, Lakeside, MI, 1989
 A long term residency at SHARE in one of the slums of Mumbai, India. It is a spiritual experience to go back every year and work in Golibar, where her family has worked for over 30 years. SHARE is part of Marketplace Handwork of India an organization that provides employment opportunities and leadership training for women and persons with disabilities in India (www.share.com)

Additional work
In 1993, in response to ethnic violence in the world, Johnson founded Shanti Foundation for Peace, whose mission is to use the processes of art to help people understand that their individual action can make a difference in the world. Since then Johnson has been teaching art and nonviolence decision-making skills to children in Chicago and Evanston area public schools.

In addition, Johnson has shared creativity and knowledge with numerous groups including Chicago Historical Society, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, Christian Brothers University, Memphis, TN, and in 2017 participated on "The Power of Individual Action",  TEDx Columbia College Chicago. She was a Round Table Presenter at the 4th International Congress of Educating Cities, The Arts and Humanities As Agents of Social Change, Keynote speaker for Drawing Art Together, Sponsored by Getty Center for Education, a panelist at Daughters of Revolution: Gender, Ethnicity, Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH 1992, Multi-Ethnic Voices and Main Stream  Aesthetics Chicago International New Art Forms Expo. Chicago, 1990.

References

1943 births
Living people
20th-century American women artists
American women artists of Indian descent
Artists from Mumbai
University of Mumbai alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
21st-century American women


title: Smooth alligatorfish

text:
the smooth alligatorfish (Anoplagonus inermis), also known as the smooth poacher or the smooth sea-poacher,) is a fish in the family Agonidae. It was described by Albert Günther in 1860. It is a marine fish which dwells in temperate waters, and is known from the northern Pacific Ocean, including California, USA, and possibly Korea. It dwells at a depth range of 8–102 metres, usually around rocks. Males can reach a maximum total length of 15 centimetres.

The smooth alligatorfish is preyed upon by the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). It is often caught by shrimp trawlers.

References

Snooth alligatorfish
Fish described in 1860
Taxa named by Albert Günther


title: Yuriy Ilyin

text:
Yuriy Ivanovych Ilyin (;  ; ; born 21 August 1962) is a Ukrainian admiral and former commander of the Ukrainian Navy. He was elevated to the position of Chief of the General Staff by President Viktor Yanukovych on 19 February 2014 after the existing chief, Colonel General Volodymyr Zamana, was dismissed by the President during the February 2014 Euromaidan riots.

After an admission to hospital following a heart attack on 27 February 2014, Ilyin was dismissed from the post of Chief of the General Staff by interim president Alexander Turchynov on 28 February 2014.

Early life and career
Ilyin was born in Rohachow, Belarus. In 1979 he graduated from the Suvorov Military School in Minsk and subsequently entered the Frunze Higher Artillery Command Military School in Odesa.

Between 1983 and 1991 he served with the Black Sea Fleet as a platoon leader and battery commanding officer in the detached marine brigade. He then spent two years serving as an officer at the Coast Guard for the Black Sea Fleet.

Command posts
By 1993 he had moved to the Ukrainian Navy Command HQ and served in this post for five years. In 1998 he assumed command of the 1st Detached Marine Brigade of the Ukrainian Navy, a position he held for five years. Between December 2003 and June 2005 he was the Deputy Chief of Ukrainian Navy Command and Chief of the Defence Planning Department in the Ukrainian Navy. From June 2005 to August 2008 he was a senior military representative of the Ukraine's armed forces in the United States. Between August 2008 and July 2012 he was the First Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief of Staff/First Deputy Commander of the Ukrainian Navy.

He graduated from the National Defence University in 2010. In 2010 he led a delegation of Ukrainian naval personnel during their visit to the United States Naval Amphibious Base in Coronado "to study the training of special operations units and Marine Corps of the US Navy".

Ilyin was appointed to the post of Ukrainian Navy Commander on 27 July 2012 and promoted to the rank of Admiral on 24 August 2013. He was then appointed Chief of the General Staff on 19 February 2014 after President Viktor Yanukovych dismissed the incumbent officeholder, Colonel General Volodymyr Zamana, at the height of the Euromaidan riots.  Shortly after Yanukovych fled the presidential palace, Ilyin issued a statement claiming, "As an officer I see no other way than to serve the Ukrainian people honestly and assure that I have not and won't give any criminal orders". and defected from the Ukrainian Military.

Ilyin was reported to have been admitted to hospital after suffering a heart attack on 27 February 2014; he was subsequently dismissed as Chief of the General Staff by the interim President of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov.

Personal life
Ilyin is married and has one daughter.

See also
Chief of the General Staff (Ukraine)
February 2014 Euromaidan riots

References

External links

Ukrainian admirals
1962 births
Living people
Belarusian expatriates in Ukraine
People from Rahachow
Chiefs of the General Staff (Ukraine)
Naval commanders of Ukraine
Ukrainian defectors
Minsk Suvorov Military School alumni
Treason in Ukraine


title: Charles Lutz

text:
Charles Lutz is an American Painter born outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1982. Lutz studied Painting and Art History at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, NY, as well as Anatomy at Columbia University, NY. He received a BFA from the Pratt Institute College of Art in 2004. Lutz lives and works between Red Lion, PA, and Brooklyn, NY.

Lutz most recently exhibited a series of new sculptures at Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater in Mill Run, PA in 2022. Lutz took inspiration from the home as well as objects once sold at the Kaufmann's Department Store which helped fund the construction of the iconic home.

Since his first solo exhibition in 2007, Lutz's work has been shown in major galleries and institutions throughout the US and abroad including the Andy Warhol Museum Pittsburgh, Carnegie Museum Pittsburgh, Artipelag Museum Stockholm, New Museum New York, Dickinson Gallery New York among others. His work dealing with consumerism and originality has been the subject of major exhibitions and critical acclaim. Lutz's work has even been cited In the Supreme Court case Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith.

Lutz is widely known for his work relating to the Art World, specifically his engagement with concepts of originality through his series of Denied Warhol works, which were submitted to the Warhol Authentication Board to be formally denied, in an act of creative destruction. Lutz's work engages with a long narrative of the ready-made in Contemporary and Modern Art, looking to further the concept through exploring our cultural relationship with originality, consumerism, and consumption.

Lutz's show "Charts, Price Lists, Corrections, and Other Relevant Statements" at the Brooklyn project space Five Myles dealt with ideas of consumption and ego through large-scale paintings based on the auction sales price lists from Christie's and Sotheby's, as well as large-scale photo based works referencing the auction house's own promotional materials dealing with consumption.

The exploration into values and transference continued in his 2013 show "Ends and Means", this time focusing on our collective abstraction of value, looking at the trace of movement of currency and those facilitating such transactions. One of the most iconic paintings from the exhibition being a 12 ft tall monochrome red oil painting of former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, other works consisted of paintings constructed from used currency bank bags and large paintings based on re-transcriptions of robbery notes. The show was reviewed in both Modern Painters and The Wall Street Journal.

Later in 2013, Lutz went on to do one of his largest public installations to date. At the 100th Anniversary of Marcel Duchamp's groundbreaking and controversial Armory Show, Lutz was asked by the curator of Armory Focus: USA and former Director of The Andy Warhol Museum, Eric Shiner to create a site-specific installation representing the US. The installation "Babel" (based on Pieter Bruegel's famous painting) consisted of 1500 cardboard replicas of Warhol's Brillo Box (Stockholm Type) stacked 20 ft tall. All 1500 boxes were then given to the public freely, debasing the Brillo Box as an art commodity by removing its value, in addition to debasing its willing consumers.

Exhibitions

SOLO EXHIBITIONS AND INSTALLATIONS

MODERN MADE LEISURE
An installation at Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater
Mill Run, PA
June 7 - December 31 2022

NEW YORKER PAINTINGS
Galerie Clemens Gunzer
KITZBÜHEL AUSTRIA August 5 – September 5, 2017

THE CORRUPTIBLE
Window Installation, New Museum. New York, NY July 29- August 25, 2014.

BABEL
Armory Focus: USA Curated by Eric Shiner. Site-specific installation, The Armory Show, New York, NY, March 6–10, 2013.

ENDS AND MEANS
C24 Gallery. New York, NY. January 17 - March 1, 2013.

CHARTS, PRICE LISTS, CORRECTIONS, AND OTHER RELEVANT STATEMENTS
FiveMyles Gallery. Brooklyn, NY. July 10 -August 28, 2010.

DENIAL & ACCEPTANCE
PEP Gallery, Brooklyn, NY. May 5 - June 15, 2007

SELECT GROUP EXHIBITIONS AND SPECIAL PROJECTS

SEA CHANGE, MIRANDA KUO GALLERY, NEW YORK, NY, OCT 1 – OCT 12 2017

SHED, Christies Fine Art Services, Christies Summer Preview, Red Hook, NY July 11, 2017

THE LEGACY OF ANDY WARHOL
ARTIPELAG MUSEUM STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN APRIL 14 – SEPTEMBER 24, 2016

SCENT CURATED BY JULIO FELIX IN CONJUNCTION WITH Y&S
Dickinson Gallery New York, NY December 15, 2015 - January 12, 2016

BIT-ROT, DOUGLAS COUPLAND
Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art, Rotterdam, Netherlands, September 11, 2015 - January 3, 2016.

THE FRIVOLOUS NOW Curated by Julio Felix in conjunction with Y&S
Alon Zakaim Gallery, London, UK June 24 - July 26, 2015.

WARHOL : FABRICATED
UAB Abroms-Engel Institute Birmingham, AL January 9 - February 28, 2015.

LOGICAL GUESSES Curated by House of the Nobleman
Driscoll Babcock Gallery New York, NY March 13 - April 26, 2014.

(CON)TEXT Curated by Tim Donovan Sharon Arts Center,
Sharon, NH September 6 – October 25, 2013

REGARDING WARHOL, 60 ARTISTS FIFTY YEARS, Installation of BABEL The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, PA February 3 - April 28, 2013.

ARTIFICIAL TREE (Brillo Stockholm Type) 15 ft. tall site specific sculptural installation
Produced in association with The Andy Warhol Museum and Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA
November 28, 2012 - January 2013.

RE-MAKE / RE-MODEL
Hionas Gallery. New York, NY. February 9 – March 3, 2012

TERMINAL 5, select sculptures included in the News Stand installation curated by Tobias Wong including works by Richard Prince, Gilbert and George and others.
Installed in the Eero Saarinen designed TWA Terminal, JFK International. New York, NY.
October 2004.

References

External links
Website of Charles Lutz
The New York Times, The Armory Show
The Huffington Post, Armory Art Trends
Art in America
Brooklyn Rail, Charles Lutz's Babel
Pittsburgh City Paper

20th-century American painters
American male painters
American contemporary painters
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
1982 births
Living people


title: Marianne Markowitz

text:
Marianne O'Brien Markowitz served as Acting Administrator of the Small Business Administration where she was appointed on February 8, 2014.

Before being named Acting Administrator, Markowitz served as Regional Administrator for SBA's Midwest Region, Region V, a position she had held since August 2009.  As regional administrator, Markowitz was responsible for the delivery of the agency's financial assistance, technical assistance and government contracting activities throughout Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin.  As part of her work in the region, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel appointed Markowitz to serve on the City of Chicago's Small Business Advisory Council in March 2013.

Prior to her time at SBA, Markowitz served as the chief financial officer for Obama for America in 2008 and was previously a financial operations consultant for the launch of the Obama Exploratory Committee. She served on the Obama for America board of directors from 2007 to 2009.

For more than 17 years, Markowitz provided finance and risk management advice to institutions including Switzerland-based Syngenta, Inc., the world's largest agrochemical company, where she served as a lead international treasury/financial operations consultant. While at Syngenta, she was tasked with designing and implementing a global treasury operation and financing post demerger. Prior to that, she served as a treasury and risk manager for one of the largest pharmaceutical benefit management companies Express Scripts, Inc. Additionally, while at Mallinckrodt, Inc., a medical device firm, Markowitz worked to create the global treasury department after its divestiture from IMC Global.

In addition to designing and implementing financial operations departments, Markowitz has had a deep background in running treasury and risk management departments, assessing insurable risks and evaluating insurance, treasury and financing alternatives.

In all her roles, Markowitz specialized in helping private sector companies successfully design and implement new systems or scale their existing processes, systems and staffing to meet the needs of a hyper-growth environment.

She received a B.S. from the University of Missouri and an M.B.A. from DePaul University. She sits on the board of the Lycee Francais de Chicago and is a member of the Chicago Economic Club.

References

1966 births
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
American chief financial officers
DePaul University alumni
Living people
People from St. Louis County, Missouri
University of Missouri alumni
Women chief financial officers
Obama administration cabinet members


title: Sintra Air Base

text:
Sintra Air Base () , officially designated as Air Base No. 1 (, BA1), is a Portuguese Air Force base located in the Sintra Municipality, Portugal. The base is home to a flight training squadron and the Portuguese Air Force Academy.

History
The origins of the air base date back to the creation of the Portuguese Army's School of Military Aeronautics (, EAM) on May 14, 1914. The school was originally located at Vila Nova da Rainha and was later transferred to Granja do Marquês on February 5, 1920.

In October 1939 the school was disbanded and the base was designated as Air Base No. 1. Since its creation it has been home to the main training and instruction of the Portuguese Air Force's pilots and technicians, having been base to de Havilland Tiger Moth, North American T-6 Texan, Cessna T-37 Tweet, and other flight training aircraft.

Between 1939 and late 1940s squadrons of ground attack and bomber units equipped with the Breda Ba-65Bis (Esquadrilha Independente de Aviões de Assalto) and converted-Junkers Ju 52/3m (Grupo de Bombardeamento de Dia and Grupo de Bombardeamento de Noite) were based at Sintra Air Base.

The base later became home to the Basic Flight Training Group (, GIBP), with Basic Flight Training Squadron No. 1 (, E.I.P.B. 1) and Basic Flight Training Squadron No. 2 (, E.I.B.P. 2).

From 1966, with the creation of Transport and Liaison Squadron (), to 2009 the base was also home to transport, liaison, aerial photographic reconnaissance, and maritime patrol squadrons. In 1993, 502 Squadron was transferred to BA1.

Between October 1989 and June 1993, 101 Squadron, equipped with the Aérospatiale Epsilon TB-30, was based and operated from Sintra before being transferred to Beja Air Base. This squadron replaced both squadrons of the Basic Flight Training Group in providing elementary and basic flight training.

In 2009, 101 Sqn. was transferred back to Sintra and 401 Sqn. and 502 Sqn. were transferred to Air Base No. 6 (, BA6) in Montijo.

Located at the air base is also the Air Force Academy and the Air Force's Air Museum.

Tenant units
 802 Sqn. "Águias" (Eagles) — Air Force Academy auxiliary squadron
 101 Sqn. "Roncos" (Roars) — elementary and basic flying training

Airlines and destinations

As of 19 October 2022, there are no regular commercial passenger flights at Sintra Air Base.

See also
 List of airports in Portugal
 Portuguese Air Force
 Asas de Portugal
 101 Squadron
 102 Squadron
 401 Squadron
 502 Squadron

References

Bibliography

External links

Airports in Portugal
Military installations in Portugal
Portuguese Air Force bases
Buildings and structures in Sintra
Military of Portugal


title: Gloria Lane

text:
Gloria Lane Krachmalnick (June 6, 1925 – November 22, 2016, Trenton, New Jersey) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano who had an active international performance career from 1949 to 1976. In her early career she distinguished herself by creating roles in the world premieres of two operas by Gian Carlo Menotti, the Secretary of the Consulate in The Consul (1950) and Desideria in The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954); both roles which she performed in successful runs on Broadway and on international tours. For her performance in The Consul she was awarded a Clarence Derwent Award and two Donaldson Awards.

Lane was also a regular performer at the New York City Opera from 1952 to 1960, and was heard as a guest artist with several important American opera companies during the 1950s. After 1960, Lane's career was primarily centered in Europe. She made appearances in leading roles at many of the most important European opera houses during the 1960s, including La Scala, The Royal Opera, and the Vienna State Opera among others. She was particularly admired for her portrayal of the title heroine in Georges Bizet's Carmen. In the 1970s she performed briefly as a dramatic soprano in performances at the Glyndebourne Festival, Hawaii Opera Theatre, and Vancouver Opera. After retiring from singing in 1977, she taught voice out of a private studio in Los Angeles.

Early life and education
Born Gussie Siet in Trenton, Lane was the daughter of a junk dealer. In 1948, having had no formal voice training, she won the Philadelphia Inquirer's annual 'Voice of Tomorrow Contest'. Winning the contest enabled her to pursue vocal studies with Elizabeth Westmoreland in Philadelphia. In 1949 she won a scholarship to the Tanglewood Music Center where she made her debut with the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing the title role in scenes from Bizet's Carmen under director Boris Goldovsky.

Early career
In 1950 Lane created the role of the Secretary of the Consulate in the world premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's The Consul  at the Shubert Theater in Philadelphia. She continued with the production when it moved to Broadway later that year where it enjoyed a successful eight-month run. She also performed the role in the UK at the Cambridge Theatre in February 1951 and in Paris at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in May 1951. For her performance as the Secretary of the Consulate she won the Clarence Derwent Award  for best supporting actress in a musical role, and the Donaldson Awards for best supporting actress and best debut performance.

In 1954 Lane returned to Broadway to appear in another Menotti world premiere, creating the role of Desideria in the Pulitzer Prize winning The Saint of Bleecker Street.  She also sang that role for her debut at La Scala in 1955.

Lane made her debut with the New York City Opera as the Secretary of the Consulate in 1952. She sang several more roles with the NYCO from 1952 to 1960, including Amneris in Aida, Annina in Der Rosenkavalier,  Antonia's mother in The Tales of Hoffmann, Evadne in Troilus and Cressida, Maddalena in Rigoletto, the Mother in Amahl and the Night Visitors, Salud in La vida breve, and the title role Carmen. She sang the title role in L'incoronazione di Poppea with the American Opera Society in 1953. That same year she sang Carmen and Meg Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor at the Central City Opera. In 1957 she created the role of the Countess in the world premiere of Stanley Hollingsworth's La Grande Breteche which was commissioned for television by the NBC Opera Theatre (NBCOT). For other NBCOT television broadcasts she also portrayed Helene in War and Peace(1957), Maddalena in Rigoletto (1958), and Marina Mniszech in Boris Godunov (1961).

In 1957 Lane made her debut at the Deutsche Oper Berlin as Princess Eboli in Verdi's Don Carlo, where she was also heard that season as Ulrica in Verdi's Un ballo in maschera. In 1958 she returned to La Scala to sing Carmen before making her debuts at both the Glyndebourne Festival and the Edinburgh Festival as Baba the Turk in Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress. She also sang Carmen for her debuts at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden and the San Francisco Opera in 1959, and for her debut at the Opera Company of Boston in 1960.

International success
During the 1960s Lane's career was primarily based in Europe and Canada. Among the opera companies with whom she sang leading roles during this time were the Canadian Opera Company, the Edmond Opera Association, the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux, La Fenice, La Scala, Opéra National de Lyon, the Teatro Comunale di Bologna, the Teatro Giuseppe Verdi, the Teatro Massimo, Teatro Regio di Parma, Teatro Regio di Torino, the Vienna State Opera, and the Wexford Festival Opera among others. In 1961 she created the role of Beatrice in the world premiere of Renzo Rossellini's Uno sguardo dal ponte at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma; a role she also sang for the opera's American premiere with the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company in 1967. In 1968 she portrayed Desideria at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto.

Later life and career
In the late 1960s, Lane's career had begun to dwindle in terms of the number of bookings. She attempted to revitalize her career by switching her fach to that of a dramatic soprano; beginning with Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana with the Vancouver Opera in 1971. She was heard later that year at the Glyndebourne Festival in the title role of Strauss' Ariadne auf Naxos and as Lady Macbeth in Verdi's Macbeth. Although reviews of her performance were positive overall, she failed to elicit much more work after this point. In 1974 she gave her last performance in a staged production as Desdemona in Otello at the Hawaii Opera Theater. Her final notable project was a 1976 recording of Katerina Ismailova in Dmitri Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District for RAI.

After retiring from the stage, Lane settled in Los Angeles where she taught voice out of a private studio. Her notable students included Pamela Scanlon, Christine Kelley, and Francis Liska. She was married to the late conductor Samuel Krachmalnick for 50 years.

References

External links

1930 births
2016 deaths
Clarence Derwent Award winners
Donaldson Award winners
American operatic mezzo-sopranos
Musicians from Trenton, New Jersey
Tanglewood Music Center alumni
Singers from New Jersey
20th-century American women opera singers
Voice teachers
Classical musicians from New Jersey
American music educators
American women music educators
21st-century American women


title: Ornes, Vestland

text:
Ornes or Urnes is a village in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on a small peninsula that juts out into the Lustrafjorden, the innermost part of the Sognefjorden. The village sits on the east side of the fjord, directly across the fjord from the village of Solvorn. Ornes is notable because it is the site of the 12th century Urnes Stave Church.

There has been a regular ferry route from Ornes to Solvorn, across the fjord, since 1859.

Media gallery

Name
The Old Norse form of the name was Órnes. The first element is the preposition ór 'out, outstanding' - the last element is nes 'headland, naze'. The common (but wrong) form Urnes is from the time of Danish rule ("Wrnes" 1563, "Vrnes" 1666, etc.).

References

Villages in Vestland
Luster, Norway


title: List of mayors of Westminster

text:
This is a list of mayors and the later lord mayors of the City of Westminster.

After having elected a mayor since its creation as a Metropolitan Borough in 1900, the City of Westminster was awarded the dignity of a Lord Mayoralty by letters patent dated 11 March 1966.

The Lord Mayor of Westminster is ex-officio the deputy High Steward of Westminster Abbey. By tradition, the Lord Mayor of Westminster visits Oslo every year in the late autumn to take part in the felling of the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree.

Mayors

Lord Mayors

References

Westminster


title: Solvorn

text:
Solvorn is a village in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  The village is located on the western shore of the Lustrafjorden, the innermost part of the Sognefjorden.  The village sits directly across the fjord from the village of Ornes, where the famous 12th-century Urnes Stave Church is located.  The village of Hafslo lies about  to the northwest.

The village is the site of the historic Walaker Hotel, dating back to about 1650.  Solvorn Church, built in 1883, is located in the village.  There has been a regular ferry route from Solvorn to Ornes, across the fjord, since 1859.  From 1963 until 1990, there was also a regular ferry route from Solvorn to Årdalstangen, about  down the fjord.

Solvorn has a long history as a trade center, a church site, a courthouse site, and it was the seat of the district magistrate for Inner Sogn. The village has had a church since the Middle Ages, the first time Solvorn Church is mentioned in historical records is in the 14th century.  Solvorn was a natural place to go to for all the people who lived around the lake Hafslovatnet and its surrounding villages when they would sell or buy anything.  The village had its heyday when the fjord was the main thoroughfare for transportation for the region.  Since that time, car transportation has become more important that fjord travel, and the Norwegian County Road 55 was built on the other side of the mountains, closer to Hafslo, so Solvorn is no longer located along the main transportation route.  Solvorn received a post office in 1841 and had that post office until 1995 when it was closed.

Name
The name () seems to be a compound of sól (meaning 'sun') and vǫrn (meaning 'protection'). The meaning of the name is then 'protector of the Sun'. This would refer to the fact that the deep valley of Solvorn secure the old chieftain site of Ornes sunlight in the evenings, when the areas north and south of Ornes lies in the shadows of the mountains.

Media gallery

References

Villages in Vestland
Luster, Norway


title: Eastern Flyer

text:
The Eastern Flyer was a proposed medium distance inter-city train traveling between Oklahoma City in central Oklahoma and Tulsa in north-eastern Oklahoma. It was originally planned to be a private operation by the Iowa Pacific Railroad, and its services were to have included a dome car, coaches and full meal service. This would have been the first regular passenger service to Tulsa since the Santa Fe discontinued service in 1971.

Demonstration runs
Initial commercial demonstration test trips were conducted in February 2014, running between Oklahoma City and the Tulsa suburb of Sapulpa with stops in Stroud and Bristow.  In late 2014, Iowa Pacific offered one-hour Polar Express excursions on the Eastern Flyer out of Bristow, inspired by the children's book and film of the same name, to promote the service.  In March 2015, service was estimated to begin in May or "early summer", with rail service from Sapulpa to Midwest City, with bus shuttles on each end.  In June, Iowa Pacific said the start date would be further delayed, as both Oklahoma City and Tulsa considered efforts to facilitate rail service connecting the cities' downtowns.

Service falls through
The original promoter of the service, Iowa Pacific, dropped out of the process.  Its partner in the project, the Stillwater Central Railroad, an indirect subsidiary of Watco, came into the process when it purchased a nearly 100-mile-long railroad line, known as the Sooner Sub, from the state of Oklahoma in 2014. That line runs from Sapulpa near Tulsa to Del City near Oklahoma City.  The contract included a requirement to start a six-month daily passenger service trial run before August 2019, with a financial penalty for not meeting the deadline set at $2.8 million.  With Iowa Pacific no longer involved, in June of 2018, the Stillwater Central, being only a freight operator, issued a request for proposal to begin the process of securing another private rail carrier to provide the passenger service. The terms included an initial period of 10 years, and involved only the route between Sapulpa and Del City, but with the expectation of working with city officials to expand service to the downtowns of both Tulsa and Oklahoma City.

Government officials were not optimistic that the original August 2019 deadline would be met.  On August 5, 2019, the Stillwater Central opted to default under the contract and pay the $2.8 million penalty for not establishing the service.

Future of passenger rail service in Northeast Oklahoma
The original sale agreement with Stillwater Central called for the state to retain the right to acquire a passenger rail easement should the company decide not to operate such a service after 10 years.  The sale agreement also required the line be accessible to other rail companies, and that within seven years the Stillwater Central upgrade the line, from Class II to Class III, to enable trains to safely travel at faster speeds.  Class III permits freight traffic up to 40 mph and passenger traffic up to 60 mph.  Stillwater Central has upgraded the rail line as agreed.  So future passenger rail projects over the Sooner Sub by another party remain possible.

Part of the impetus for the project was the possibility of interconnecting with Amtrak's Heartland Flyer at Oklahoma City for linking to the Texas Eagle at Fort Worth and hence the rest of the Amtrak system.  Concerns about the continuing viability of the Heartland Flyer have been voiced from time to time, as when in 2016 issues were raised centering on the subsidies paid by the states of Oklahoma and Texas for the service.  However, the route has so far remained in operation, and expansion has even been discussed with respect to extending the line from Oklahoma City to Newton, Kansas, to connect to Amtrak's Southwest Chief, a proposal backed for many years by a group called the Northern Flyer Alliance.

In June of 2023, Oklahoma and Kansas state officials began seeking federal approval and funding to extend the Heartland Flyer from Oklahoma City to Newton, but were not pursuing an Oklahoma City to Tulsa route.  Nevertheless, ODOT officials claimed that the Tulsa route remained a long-range goal.  The condition of the existing rails was said to be better between OKC and Newton compared to between OKC and Tulsa, the latter being cited as a reason for the difficulty in getting rail service to Tulsa.

References

External links
Passenger Rail Oklahoma
Friends of Passenger Rail Oklahoma (Facebook)

Transportation in Oklahoma
Proposed railway lines in the United States


title: Global warming hiatus

text:
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such 15-year periods appear in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long-term warming trend. Such a "hiatus" is shorter than the 30-year periods that climate is classically averaged over.

Publicity has surrounded claims of a global warming hiatus during the period 1998–2013.  The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short-term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system has continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the Earth's surface indicate slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade.  Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in the Earth's climate system.

Research reported in July 2015 on an updated NOAA dataset casts doubt on the existence of a hiatus, and it finds no indication of a slowdown even in earlier years. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though they have expressed the view that the recent warming trend was less than in previous periods of the same length. Subsequently, a detailed study supports the conclusion that warming is continuing, but it also find there was less warming between 2001 and 2010 than climate models had predicted, and that this slowdown might be attributed to short-term variations in the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), which was negative during that period. Another review finds "no substantive evidence" of a pause in global warming. A statistical study of global temperature data since 1970 concludes that the term "hiatus" or "pause" is not justified. Some climate scientists, however, have questioned the claim that the hiatus is not supported by evidence, arguing that the recent corrections in data do not negate the existence of a hiatus.

Independent of these discussions about data and measurements for earlier years, 2015 turned out to be much warmer than any of the earlier years, already before El Niño conditions started. The warmth of 2015 largely ended any remaining scientific credibility of claims that the supposed "hiatus" since 1998 had any significance for the long-term warming trend, and 2016 was even slightly warmer. In January 2017, a study published in the journal Science Advances cast further doubt on the existence of a recent pause, with more evidence that ocean temperatures have been underestimated. An April 2017 study found the data consistent with a steady warming trend globally since the 1970s, with fluctuations within the expected range of short term variability. A November 2017 joint study by scientists at the University of Fairbanks and Beijing University found that when missing data from the rapidly warming Arctic were interpolated and included in global temperature averages, the so-called hiatus disappeared entirely.

Evidence

Surface temperature changes: hiatus periods
Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather: the classical period for averaging weather variables is 30 years in accordance with the definition set by the World Meteorological Organization.
Instrumental temperature records have shown a robust multi-decadal long-term trend of global warming since the end of the 19th century, reversing longer term cooling in previous centuries as seen in paleoclimate records. There has been considerable variability at shorter interannual to decadal periods, with hiatus periods showing less certain short-term trends. The 1998–2012 hiatus shows a rise of 0.05 [–0.05 to +0.15] °C per decade, compared with a longer term rise of 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade over the period from 1951 to 2012. The appearance of hiatus is sensitive to the start and end years chosen: a 15-year period starting in 1996 shows a rate of increase of 0.14 [0.03 to 0.24] °C per decade, but taking 15 years from 1997 the rate reduces to 0.07 [–0.02 to 0.18] °C per decade.

Other aspects of the climate system
While hiatus periods have appeared in surface-air temperature records, other components of the climate system associated with warming have continued. Sea level rise has not stopped in recent years, and Arctic sea ice decline has continued. There have been repeated records set for extreme surface temperatures.

Development of perception of post-1998 hiatus

The warm El Niño year of 1998 was exceptional: the IPCC Third Assessment Report of 2001 highlighted that the "high global temperature associated with the 1997 to 1998 El Niño event stands out as an extreme event, even taking into account the recent rate of warming."
Opponents of action on global warming used this peak to misleadingly suggest that warming had stopped; an April 2006 opinion piece by Bob Carter in the Daily Telegraph announced an 8-year halt, but was soon rebutted. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 reported that "2005 and 1998 were the warmest two years in the instrumental global surface-air temperature record since 1850. Surface temperatures in 1998 were enhanced by the major 1997–1998 El Niño but no such strong anomaly was present in 2005. Eleven of the last 12 years (1995 to 2006) – the exception being 1996 – rank among the 12 warmest years on record since 1850." The IPCC report was disputed by an open letter in the National Post with 94 signatories, which said "there has been no net global warming since 1998. That the current temperature plateau follows a late 20th-century period of warming is consistent with the continuation today of natural multi-decadal or millennial climate cycling."

There were further claims in blogs and media of lack of warming since 1998, and an Investor's Business Daily article in 2008 even claimed the planet was cooling. In April 2009, a NOAA study showed that similar short-
term periods with no trend or even cooling had occurred previously in the years since 1901, and could even be found during the warming trend since 1975: it was easy to "cherry pick" the period 1998–2008 to support one view, but 1999–2008 showed a strong warming trend. They used computer simulations of future climate to show that it was "possible, and indeed likely, to have a period as long as a decade or two of 'cooling' or no warming superimposed on a longer-term warming trend." In July 2009 Jeb Bush said that global warming might not be occurring as mean temperatures had been cooler over six years. The decade to the end of 2010 was again the warmest on record, but David Rose in the Mail on Sunday argued that, excluding the 1998 "blip", global temperatures had been flat for 15 years.
A November 2011 study by statistician Grant Foster and Stefan Rahmstorf showed that after allowing for known short-term variability, there had been unabated warming since 1998 with no reduction from the rate over the preceding decade.
In January 2012 Rose claimed that the latest global temperatures showed 15 years without warming: the Met Office described this as "entirely misleading".

In January 2013 James Hansen and colleagues published their updated analysis that temperatures had continued at a high level despite strong La Niña conditions, and said the "5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing", noting "that the 10 warmest years in the record all occurred since 1998." Under the heading "Global Warming Standstill" they "noted that the 'standstill' temperature is at a much higher level than existed at any year in the prior decade except for the single year 1998, which had the strongest El Nino of the century. However, the standstill has led to a widespread assertion that 'global warming has stopped'."
The Economist led an article 30 March 2013 with the sentence "Over the past 15 years air temperatures at the Earth’s surface have been flat while greenhouse-gas emissions have continued to soar, quoting Hansen as saying that ""the five-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade." It discussed possible explanations of "the recent hiatus in rising temperatures", and suggested that it implied lower climate sensitivity.
There was a surge in media interest setting a misleading narrative, as in the Reuters headline "Climate scientists struggle to explain warming slowdown".
At the Science Media Centre in London in July 2013, journalists met Met Office scientists and were given a briefing document with three papers on "the recent pause in global warming" in surface temperatures. These said other indicators continued to show warming, at least part of the pause related to heat being exchanged into deep oceans, and it did not alter the risks of future warming or invalidate the physics behind the models: it meant only a 10% reduction in the most probable projection, so "the warming that we might have expected by 2050 would be delayed by only a few years".

In preparing the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), representatives of the U.S. government and the European Union wanted details of the slowdown or "hiatus", Germany and Hungary were concerned that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, but the IPCC included discussion of the topic.
One of the lead authors, Dennis L. Hartmann, subsequently said; "Going into the IPCC this time, I would have said that, well, the trend over a 15-year record is not really very meaningful, because of the natural interannual variability of the climate system. But as the IPCC evolved, it became more and more of a public issue, so we felt we had to say something about it, even though from an observational perspective, it's not a very reliable measure of long-term warming." He said "the apparent reduction in the observed warming rate" was "interesting on purely scientific grounds, but it does not have a huge impact on the scientific assessment and does not alter the basic facts." Research cited in the report had to be published by 15 March, which excluded more recent work such as a paper by NCAR scientists including Kevin E. Trenberth indicating that increased heat was going into ocean depths.

A month before formal AR5 publication, a leaked draft of the report noted that "Models do not generally reproduce the observed reduction in surface warming trend over the last 10–15 years", but lacked clear explanations, and attracted wide media coverage.
On 16 August Reuters said the "panel will try to explain why global temperatures, while still increasing, have risen more slowly since about 1998 even though greenhouse gas concentrations have hit repeated record highs in that time".
The BBC on 19 August reported IPCC warnings that the final text would vary, and said "The panel will also outline why global temperatures have been rising more slowly since 1998, a controversial slowdown that scientists have been struggling to explain." It said the possibility that climate sensitivity was lower than previous estimates had been argued by "many sceptics" as a key factor, and "a good reason not to believe the more extreme predictions of those they dismiss as warmist conspirators."
Coverage varied: on 22 August the National Geographic said the "draft IPCC report also dismisses a recent slowdown in global warming, attributing it to short-term factors." On 26 September, the day before formal publication, CBC News quoted The Heritage Foundation under the headline "Climate change reports temperature hiatus fuels skeptics".

In late night negotiations over wording, the IPCC added clarifications including "due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends", but at the press conference releasing the IPCC Summary for Policymakers on 27 September, journalists focussed questions on the "pause" rather than the overall conclusions. This focus resulted in headlines such as "Global Warming Slowdown Seen as Emissions Rise to Record" from Reuters. The National Post used the subheading "IPCC report skeptics seize on lull in global warming". Even Nature headlined their news report "IPCC: Despite hiatus, climate change here to stay", though it said that "the 'hiatus' since the record hot year of 1998 — probably due to increased heat uptake by the oceans — is no sign that global warming has stopped, as some would like to hope", and quoted climatologist Thomas Stocker saying that "Comparing short-term observations with long-term model projections is inappropriate", and adding "We know that there is a lot of natural fluctuation in the climate system. A 15-year hiatus is not so unusual even though the jury is out as to what exactly may have caused the pause." He said that claims dismissing climate models would only be justified if "temperature were to remain constant for the next 20 years", and Brian Hoskins said other factors showed climate change.

In a statement to the press in March 2016, Professor David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey said that recent increases in global temperature were not due to an unusually severe El Niño, but that the opposite is true. "This is a catch-up of a recent hiatus that has occurred in rising global temperatures. We are returning to normality: rising temperatures. This is an absolute warning of the dangers that lie ahead."

Factors

Temperature dataset coverage and homogenization
The instrumental temperature record does not cover the entire globe: there are areas of incomplete or missing data, particularly in polar regions and parts of Africa. The main temperature datasets take different approaches to allowing for this: HadCRUT does not extrapolate, and assumes that the global mean applies. When these regions have a different trend to the global average as at present, this causes a bias in the result which understates overall warming. The other datasets interpolate, producing differing trends. A 2014 study introduced a more sophisticated method of Kriging from the UAH satellite dataset, and found that this considerably reduced the hiatus.

Homogenization is necessary for all climate data to correct for non-climatic changes, such as introduction of different measurement instruments, changes in location of the instruments, or differences in the time of day that measurements are taken. The NOAA temperature dataset is regularly updated with refinements improving the allowance for known biases, including the effects of past changes in methods of collecting temperatures. In 2015 it changed from the Global Historical Climatology Network to the new International Surface Temperature Initiative databank which includes many more stations giving wider coverage of land surface temperatures, and the latest Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature dataset (version 4) which made improved allowances for biases, including the phased changeover from measuring ship water intake to using automatic buoys: the previous version made a simpler allowance for this. An article published in the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science journal in June 2015 by a team led by Thomas R. Karl, director of the NOAA data center, reported that these adjustments made very little difference to the temperature record, but the small change in recent years was sufficient to indicate that there had been no hiatus in the period from 1998 to 2014. They used the IPCC definition of the supposed hiatus as a slowdown in rate of temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, compared to the rate from 1951 to 2012, and again found no support for the idea of a "hiatus" or slowdown.

Natural variability
Natural climate variability can appear to slow down surface warming over short periods, but does not refute long-term climate change trends. Short-term hiatus periods of global warming are compatible with long-term climate change patterns. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) leads to multidecadal variability in Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature by 15–20 years through a delayed effect on the North Atlantic Ocean, and can be a useful predictor of multidecadal periods of warming and cooling in both AMO and Northern Hemispheric mean surface temperature. A study published in January 2015 proposed that the hiatus resulted from a 60-year oscillatory pattern of natural variability associated with the AMO and PDO, interacting with a secular warming trend due mainly to human caused increases in greenhouse gas levels.

Effects of oceans
One proposal is that the hiatus was a part of natural climate variability, specifically related to decadal cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the La Niña phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This has been explained as due to unprecedented strengthening of Pacific trade winds in the last 20 years, so that surface warming has been substantially slowed by increased subsurface ocean heat uptake caused by increased subduction in the Pacific shallow overturning cells, and increased equatorial upwelling in the central and eastern Pacific. A March 2014 study found that climate models assuming natural variability which matched subsequent observations of ENSO phasing had produced realistic estimates of 15-year trends.

A study published on August 3, 2014 reported that the rapid warming of the Atlantic Ocean has increased trade winds, thereby cooling temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. This, the study concluded, contributed to the hiatus because such winds trap heat in the deep ocean. Another study published later that month found evidence that a cycle of ocean currents in the Atlantic influences global temperatures by sinking large amounts of heat beneath the oceans, and suggested the hiatus might continue for ten more years because each phase of this cycle lasts for thirty years. The 60- to 80-year cycle of the atmospheric and oceanic variability over the North Atlantic was also linked to the hiatus by two studies published in 2013 and was used to infer the length of the hiatus. A new "delayed oscillator theory" of the North Atlantic decadal-scale air-sea coupling was further proposed in 2015 to understand the underlying physical mechanisms of the 60-80-year-quasi-periodic natural climate multidecadal variability.

Two papers were published by scientists of the NASA Sea Level Change Team in October 2014 in the same issue of Nature Climate Change.  According to an October 6, 2014 NASA press release related to the papers, "One of the most prominent ideas is that the bottom half of the ocean is
taking up the slack, but supporting evidence is slim." In this press release, entitled, "NASA Study Finds Earth’s Ocean Abyss Has Not Warmed,"
NASA discussed research it had conducted that was "the first to test the idea using satellite observations, as well as direct temperature measurements of the upper ocean." NASA stated in this release, "The cold waters of Earth’s deep ocean have not warmed measurably since 2005, according to a new NASA study, leaving unsolved the mystery of why global warming appears to have slowed in recent years." With respect to the upper ocean, the release noted, "The temperature of the top half of the world's oceans – above the 1.24-mile mark – is still climbing, but not fast enough to account for the stalled air temperatures."  NASA also emphasized in the same release, "Study coauthor Josh Willis of JPL said these findings do not throw suspicion on climate change itself. 'The sea level is still rising,' Willis noted. 'We're just trying to understand the nitty-gritty details.'".

More specifically, one of these NASA studies was based on the fact that water expands as it gets warmer, and a straightforward subtraction calculation: From the total amount of sea level rise, they subtracted that due to the calculated expansion of the upper ocean down to 2,000 metres' (1.2 mi) depth based on data from Argo buoys, and that due to added meltwater worldwide. The remainder, representing the amount of sea level rise caused by warming in the deep ocean below that depth, was "essentially zero." Some recent studies reporting deep-ocean warming were referring to the upper half of the ocean, but below its topmost layer which goes down to about 700 metres' (0.43 mi) depth. According to the other NASA study, the upper layers of the Southern Ocean warmed at a much greater rate between 1970 and 2005 than previously thought (24–58 percent more than earlier estimates), because before the deployment of Argo buoys, temperature measurements in the Southern Ocean were "spotty, at best."

That the oceans warmed in the past significantly faster than we thought would imply that the effects of climate change could be worse than currently expected, placing the planet's sensitivity to  toward the higher end of its possible range.

A study published in December 2014 found that it is likely that a significant cause of the hiatus was increased heat uptake across the Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Equatorial Pacific Ocean.

A study published in February 2015 found that Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation substantially accounted for the hiatus, and predicted that these cycles would soon begin to exert the opposite effect on global temperatures.

A study published in November 2015 found evidence of "a phase difference between top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and global mean surface temperature such that ocean heat uptake tends to slow down during the surface warming hiatus." The same study reported that this finding was consistent with observations.

Volcanic activity
Several studies have proposed that possible slower surface warming during this period was caused in part by increased sulfur emissions from volcanic activity. A study published in November 2014 found that more sulfur dioxide had been emitted from small volcanoes than previously thought over the period 2000-2013. The study's lead author, David Ridley, said this could help explain why climate models did not predict slower surface warming.

Other factors
Additional proposed causes of the decreased rate of surface warming in about 1999-2014 include the emission of pine-smelling vapors from pine forests, which have been shown to turn into aerosols, and the ban on chlorofluorocarbons as a result of the Montreal Protocol, since they were potent greenhouse gases in addition to their ozone-depleting properties. Spurious differences in observed warming rates may also arise from the mathematics of trend analysis itself, particularly when the study period is brief and regression assumptions are violated.

Length of hiatus in relation to climate models
Two independent studies published in August 2014 concluded that, once surface temperatures start rising again, it is most likely that "they will keep going up without a break for the rest of the century, unless we cut greenhouse gas emissions." Watanabe et al said, "this warming hiatus originated from eastern equatorial Pacific cooling associated with strengthening of trade winds," and that while decadal climate variability has a considerable effect on global mean surface temperatures, its influence is gradually decreasing compared to the ongoing man-made global warming. Maher et al found that under the existing and projected high rates of greenhouse gas emissions there is little chance of another hiatus decade occurring after 2030, even if there were a large volcanic eruption after that time. They went on to say that most non-volcanic warming hiatuses are associated with enhanced cooling at the surface in the equatorial Pacific, which is linked to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation.

Reports by scientific bodies

National Academy of Sciences-Royal Society Report
A joint report from the UK Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences in February 2014 said that there is no "pause" in climate change and that the temporary and short-term slowdown in the rate of increase in average global surface temperatures in the non-polar regions is likely to start accelerating again in the near future. "Globally averaged surface temperature has slowed down. I wouldn’t say it's paused. It depends on the datasets you look at. If you look at datasets that include the Arctic, it is clear that global temperatures are still increasing," said Tim Palmer, a co-author of the report and a professor at University of Oxford.

World Meteorological Organisation climate report
When announcing the annual World Meteorological Organisation climate report in March 2014, the WMO secretary-general Michel Jarraud said that there had been no pause, with 2013 continuing a long-term warming trend showing "no standstill in global warming". 2013 had been the sixth-warmest year on record, and 13 of the 14 warmest years on record had occurred since the start of 2000. He said that "The warming of our oceans has accelerated, and at lower depths. More than 90 percent of the excess energy trapped by greenhouse gases is stored in the oceans."

The 2013 annual report stated that "While the rate at which surface air temperatures are rising has slowed in recent years, heat continues to be trapped in the Earth system, mostly as increased ocean heat content. About 93 percent of the excess heat trapped in the Earth system between 1971 and 2010 was taken up by the ocean." From 2000 to 2013 the oceans had gained around three times as much heat as in the preceding 20 years, and while before 2000 most of the heat had been trapped between the sea surface and 700 meters (0.43  mi) depth, from 2000 to 2013 most heat had been stored between 700 and 2,000 meters (2,300 and 6,600  ft) depth. It proposed this could be due to changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation around the tropical Pacific Ocean, interacting with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

References

Climate change


title: Motor vehicle insurance law in India

text:
Motor vehicle insurance law in India is governed by the Motor Vehicles Act, Insurance Act and aspects of insurance contracts governed by the Indian Contract Act, Transfer of Property Act and a few others. Motor vehicle insurance is the insurance coverage of the risk of third party arising out the use of motor vehicle and also for covering the risk of damage caused to the vehicle. Taking insurance policy for coverage of certain risks are made compulsory and coverage for other risks are optional at the instance of the owner. Accordingly, motor vehicle insurance policies can be divided into two, namely, compulsory insurance policy (Act policy) and comprehensive policy.

Act liability insurance
A motor vehicle in a public place is potentially a dangerous and lethal instrument. Even when it is without its engine or without petrol, if it is moved down on an incline, even unintentionally, it can cause considerable damage and human injury. Hence, unlike other properties which may be insured or not at the option of the owner, a motor vehicle is required by law to be insured in respect of the user's liability for death, bodily injury or damage to property of third party. These kinds of insurance contracts are based on indemnity and only cover the damage, and the whole insurance amount is not given every time.

As sometimes the driver of the vehicle is often a person of small means and injured person goes without adequate compensation, insurance of motor vehicle covering the third party risk is made compulsory in India and the Motor Vehicles Act provides that, vehicle should not be used in public place without having insurance policy covering third party risks. Third party risk means risk covered for bodily injury, death and damage of property of third party. Third party means any person except owner or passenger in the private vehicle. So pillion rider of the motor cycle, passengers in private cars, jeeps etc. are not third party. However, passengers in public vehicle such as bus, contract carriage vehicle, taxi etc. are also third party and hence covered by third party or statutory policy.

The occupants of private vehicles and pillion riders are not covered by the Act policy. However, they can be covered by paying additional premium of insurance. If additional premium is not paid to cover the risk of occupants of private vehicle and pillion rider, insurance company will not be liable to compensate such victims. However, Supreme court held that if the policy is package/comprehensive policy, then the occupants of private vehicles and pillion rider are covered, even if the additional premium of coverage of such person is not paid.

Motor vehicle insurer
With the emergence of insurance company booms in India there has been occurrence of bike insurance company as mushrooms. There are very few players which has been identified by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.

See also
Vehicle insurance

References

External links
The Motor Vehicles Act 1988
Yashpal Luthra and Anr Vs United India Insurance Co. Hon'ble Delhi HC coverage of pillion rider &occupants in private car
Oriental Insurance Co Vs Surendranadh Loomba and others, Supreme court of India

Law of India
Insurance law
Vehicle insurance
General insurance in India


title: Renaud Jay

text:
Renaud Jay (born 12 August 1991 in Moûtiers) is a French cross-country skier.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships
1 medal – (1 bronze)

World Cup

Season standings

Individual podiums

 1 podium – (1 )

Team podiums
 2 victories – (2 )
 3 podiums – (3 )

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Moûtiers
French male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for France
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Université Savoie Mont Blanc alumni


title: Anoplagonus occidentalis

text:
Anoplagonus occidentalis is a fish in the family Agonidae. It was described by Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg in 1950. It is a marine fish which dwells in temperate waters, and is known from Japan, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. It dwells at a depth range of 40–120 metres. Males can reach a maximum standard length of 10 centimetres.

References

occidentalis
Taxa named by Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg
Fish described in 1950


title: Harald Wurm

text:
Harald Wurm (born 8 September 1984) was an Austrian cross-country skier.
He started for the WSV Vomp until 2015, when he was banned by the Austrian Anti-Doping Legal Committee for four years for using cobalt.

World Cup results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

World Cup standings

References

External links

1984 births
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Doping cases in cross-country skiing
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Austria
Austrian sportspeople in doping cases
Austrian male cross-country skiers
People from Schwaz
Skiers from Tyrol (state)
21st-century Austrian people


title: Teresa Stadlober

text:
Teresa Stadlober (born February 1, 1993) is an Austrian cross-country skier. She first competed at the Winter Olympics in 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in skiathlon and women's classical. She won individual Olympic medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in the 15 km skiathlon event.

She is the daughter of former cross-country skier Alois Stadlober and former alpine skier Roswitha Steiner, and younger sister of cross-country skier Luis Stadlober.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

Individual podiums
 3 podiums – (1 , 2 )

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Austrian female cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Austria
Olympic cross-country skiers for Austria
Tour de Ski skiers
People from Radstadt
Skiers from Salzburg (state)


title: Solanum tepuiense

text:
Solanum tepuiense is a plant species native to Venezuela. It is known from one collection, from a low-elevation sandstone flat-topped mountain named Sororopán-Tepuí, near the Gran Sabana Region in the State of Bolívar in the eastern part of the country.

Solanum tepuiense is a shrub up to 2.5 m tall. Leaves are elliptic, thick and leathery, green and shiny on the upper surface, a few small hairs on the underside; blade up to  14 cm long. Inflorescences are opposite the leaves, each with 10-14 flowers. Flowers are white, about 20 mm in diameter. Fruit is a dry berry about 1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds are reddish-brown, flattened and kidney-shaped.

References

tepuiense
Endemic flora of Venezuela
Flora of the Tepuis


title: Hellgate (2011 film)

text:
Hellgate (originally titled Shadows) is a 2011 American-Thai supernatural thriller directed and written by John Penney, starring William Hurt and Cary Elwes.  Elwes plays the sole survivor of a car crash who, upon seeing ghosts, seeks help from a spiritual guru (Hurt).

Plot
Jeff Mathews, an American businessman, is involved in a car crash in Bangkok, Thailand.  When he wakes up in a hospital, his nurse, Choi Luang, informs him that his wife Som and son Kyle have died.  Inexplicably, Mathews can feel no grief for his loss.  Disturbed by his lack of emotion and apparent hallucinations that plague him, he seeks help from Luang.  She brings him to her psychic aunt, who informs him that she believes his soul has been separated from his body.  Although she can not help him, she refers him to Warren Mills, an American spiritualist who has experience with reconnecting souls.  Mills, who believes the necessary ceremony is too dangerous, is initially reluctant to get involved but eventually agrees to help.  Mills explains that Mathews must cross a dangerous passage guarded by demons and maintain his concentration during a critical ceremony in which he will be tempted.  However, Mathews abandons the ceremony when he discovers that his family is threatened by the demons.  Mills takes over for him, and Mathews crosses over to the afterlife in order to save his family.  Mathews successfully leads his family out of danger and reunites with his lost soul.

Cast

Release
Hellgate played at the Italian Fantasy Horror Film Festival on June 3, 2011, and had its United States premiere in Los Angeles on November 5, 2011.  IFC Films released the film theatrically and on video on demand on November 16, 2012.  It was released on DVD on March 12, 2013.

Reception
Jason Panella of DVD Verdict wrote, "The concept is solid, and Penney deserves credit for approaching a movie like this introspectively, but it comes off as boring and not really that scary."  Mark L. Miller of AICN wrote that the film is not particularly scary, but it has "moments of awesome".

Awards
Hellgate won the Best Film at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival and Best Horror Film at the Fantasy Horror Awards in Italy.

References

External links

2010s American films
2010s English-language films
2011 films
2011 horror films
2011 horror thriller films
American supernatural horror films
American supernatural thriller films
Films set in Bangkok
Thai horror films


title: Fazilka Junction railway station

text:
Fazilka Junction is located in Fazilka district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Fazilka.

The railway station
Fazilka railway station is at an elevation of  and was assigned the code – FKA.

History before Partition
The Southern Punjab Railway Co. opened the Delhi–Bhatinda–Fazilka-Bahawalpur-Samma Satta railway line in 1897. The line passed through Rohtak, Jind, Narwana, Bhatinda, Kot Kapura, Muktasar, Fazilka, Amruka & Bahawalnagar and provided direct connection through Samma Satta (now in Pakistan) to Karachi. The extension from the Macleodganj Junction (later renamed Mandi Sadiqganj Junction and now in Pakistan) railway line to Ambala via Hindumalkote, Abohar, Bhatinda, Patiala was opened by the same company in 1902.

The historical Bahawalpur Express train used to run from Delhi to Bahawalpur via Bhatinda, Fazilka & Samma Satta before partition, covering  in 14 hrs 30 mins time. Pre-1947 era Timings of Delhi-Samma Satta were as follows. 144 Down Bahawalpur Express used to depart Delhi at 15.25 hrs. Then going through Rohtak 16.44 hrs; Jind 17.42 hrs; Bhatinda 21.05 hrs; Fazilka 23.30 hrs; Amruka 23.59 hrs; McLeodganj 00.40 hrs; Bahawalnagar 01.45 hrs; Samma Satta 05.40 hrs(reversal); arriving Bahawalpur at 05.55 hrs next day. 143 Up Bahawalpur Express used to depart Bahawalpur at 19.00 hrs, then reversing at Samma Satta around 19.35 hrs, the train going via Fazilka at 01.30 hrs; Bhatinda at 04.00 hrs & used to reach Delhi at 09.30 hrs next day. The train now runs from Samma Satta to Narowal Junction via Bahawalpur-Lodhran-Multan-Khanewal-Lahore route through Pakistan post partition in 1947.

Post Partition
Post partition Fazilka lost rail connection to Delhi & only trains to Bhatinda used to run. In 1947, the  long Fazilka-Firozpur(Firozepur/Ferozpur) railway line was laid to connect Fazilka with Ludhiana. The line was destroyed in 1965 & 1971 wars against Pakistan. Ultimately in 1972,  long Fazilka-Firozpur rail line was re-constructed. Meanwhile on 1965, the Fazilka-Amruka  line via Chananwala border & Fazilka-Hindumalkot  line via Kabulshah was dismantled. While Fazilka-Chananwala-Amruka line was dismantled for stopping Pakistan Army in 1965 war, Fazilka-Hindumalkot line was dismantled after Pakistan Air Force mistakenly bombed a passenger train, killing 100+ passengers during 1965 war. The link between Fazilka & Abohar stayed unavailable until 2010. Fazilka-Abohar new line project was announced in 2010 & the  new  broad gauge line between Fazilka and Abohar was opened in 2012. But as of today, only 6 Mail/Express trains operate from Fazilka. Sadly, Indian railways is not introducing new trains from Fazilka & via Fazilka.

References

External links
 Trains at Fazilka

Railway stations in India opened in 1897
Railway stations in Fazilka district
Firozpur railway division


title: Spencer Bedford

text:
Spencer Argyle Bedford (February 1, 1851 – December 15, 1933) was an English-born Canadian politician. He served on the 1st Council of the Northwest Territories for Moosomin from 1885 to 1888.

Bedford was born at Busted, Sussex, England in 1851, the son of J. Bedford, and was raised in the vicinity of the English Channel.
He came to Canada in 1877 and settled in Manitoba, purchasing land there. He worked for land offices as well as a booster for the North West Territories, to encourage immigration there, drawing settlers to the Pembina Mountains and Rock Lake areas. Bedford was also a land inspector, for Scottish Ontario, the British Canadian Loan Company, and the Canadian Northwest Land Company. He resided in Moosomin where he farmed. He married Minnie Bolton in 1880. His wife would die in the 1918 flu pandemic.

He was acclaimed in 1885 to the Council of the North West Territories, and retired at the next election, in 1888. Upon his retirement he was named the first superintendent of the Brandon Experimental Farm in Brandon, Manitoba, a position which he would serve for 20 years.

Bedford later was Professor of Field Husbandry at the Manitoba Agricultural College in Winnipeg, Chairman of the Manitoba Weed Commission, and was appointed the position of Deputy Minister of Agriculture in the Manitoba government. He is a member of the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame, and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Manitoba in 1921. He died at his Winnipeg home in 1933.

Electoral results

1885 election

References

External links

1851 births
1933 deaths
British emigrants to Canada
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories


title: Anouk Faivre-Picon

text:
Anouk Faivre-Picon (born 18 February 1986) is a French cross-country skier.  She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in skiathlon and women's classical.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
French female cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for France
Tour de Ski skiers
People from Pontarlier
Sportspeople from Doubs
Universiade bronze medalists for France
Universiade medalists in cross-country skiing
Medalists at the 2011 Winter Universiade
21st-century French women


title: Alphonsus Mathias

text:
Alphonsus Mathias (born on June 22, 1928, in Pangala, India) is a retired Roman Catholic archbishop of the archdiocese of Bangalore.

Biography
He was ordained a priest on 24 August 1954 and was appointed as the bishop of  the Diocese of Chikmagalur on 16 November 1963. The Apostolic Internuncio in India James Knox consecrated him on 5 February of the next year to the bishop ; co-consecrators were Albert Vincent D'Souza, Archbishop of Calcutta, and Raymond D'Mello, Bishop of Allahabad.

Mathias attended the Second Vatican Council. On 12 September 1986, he was appointed Archbishop of Bangalore, a role in which he served until he resigned on 24 March 1998. He was the president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India from 1989 to 1994.

References

External links
 catholic-hierarchy.org

Roman Catholic archbishops of Bangalore
1928 births
Living people
People from Udupi district


title: Ludhiana–Fazilka line

text:
The Ludhiana–Fazilka line is a railway line connecting  and  both  in the Indian state of the Punjab . The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.

History
The Southern Punjab Railway Co. opened the  long Delhi–Jind-Bhatinda–Fazilka-Bahawalnagar-Samma Satta line in 1897. The line passed through Rohtak-Jind-Bhatinda-Muktasar-Fazilka-Bahawalnagar and provided direct connection through Samma Satta (now in Pakistan) to Karachi. The extension from the Macleodganj (later renamed Mandi Sadiqganj and now in Pakistan) railway line to Ambala via Qasamwala-Hindumalkote-Abohar-Bhatinda-Patiala was opened by the same company in 1902.

Railway border crossings
Fazilka and Hussainiwala on this line are two defunct railway border crossing points on the India–Pakistan border. Before partition of India in 1947, there were  long Delhi-Samma Satta & long Delhi-Raiwind railway lines, which were operational. After partition of India, a  line linked Amruka on the Pakistan side of the India–Pakistan border, opposite Fazilka, towards Samma Satta. The only train running through these tracks was withdrawn after 1965 war.  long Amruka-Samma Satta line &  long Kasur-Raiwind lines are operational in Pakistan now. The Hussainiwala–Ganda Singh Wala railway crossing, near Firozpur, became defunct with the partition of India. The  broad gauge line from Kasur Junction in Pakistan has been closed. A strategically important  Kaiser-E-Hind Rail-cum-Road Bridge was blown up during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 at Hussainiwala, and was never rebuilt. In 2013, Sutlej Barrage Bridge on Hussainiwala was opened after restructuring.

Loco sheds
Ludhiana diesel shed holds 170+ locos including WDM-2, WDM-3A and WDG-3A. Ludhiana electric loco shed was commissioned in 2001 and houses WAM-4, WAG-5 and WAG-7 locos.

Developments
The  long  broad gauge line between Fazilka & Firozpur was laid in 1950, destroyed in 1965 & 1971 wars & finally re-laid in 1972 as a  long  broad gauge line. The  new -wide  broad gauge line between Fazilka and Abohar declared on 2010, was opened in 2012.

The Indian Railways have been considering proposals for converting the existing  Ludhiana–Firozpur single line into a double line.

Passenger movement
 is the only station on this line which is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.

Railway reorganisation
Sind Railway (later reorganised as Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway) was formed a guaranteed railway in 1856. It constructed broad-gauge railways from Delhi to Multan via Lahore, and from Karachi to Kotri. Multan and Kotri were connected by ferry service on the Indus River. In 1871–72, Indus Valley Railway was formed to connect Multan and Kotri. At the same time, Punjab Northern State Railway started constructing from Lahore towards Peshawar. In 1886, Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway was acquired by the state and amalgamated with Indus Valley Railway and Punjab Northern State Railway to form North-Western State Railway. Southern Punjab Railway was taken over by the state and merged with North Western Railway in 1930.

With the partition of India in 1947, North Western Railway was split. While the western portion became Pakistan West Railway, and later Pakistan Railways, the eastern part became Eastern Punjab Railway. In 1952,Northern Railway was formed with a portion of East Indian Railway Company west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway.

References

External links
 Trains at Ludhiana
 Trains at Firozpur
Trains at Fazilka

5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Rail transport in Punjab, India

Railway lines opened in 1905
Transport in Ludhiana
Transport in Firozpur
1905 establishments in India