title: Charles Cheffins

text:
Charles Frederick Cheffins (10 September 1807 – 23 October 1861) was a British mechanical draughtsman, cartographer, consulting engineer, and surveyor. He was an assistant to John Ericsson and George Stephenson, and surveyed for many British railroad companies in the mid-19th century. He is also known for the 1850 Cheffins' Map of English & Scotch Railways and other maps.

Biography

Cheffins was born in London, where his father was the manager of the New River Waterworks Company and supervised the manufacturing of wooden pipes used to supply water to the metropolis. Young Cheffins was admitted into Christ's Hospital as a scholar in July 1815. He remained there until 1822, diligently pursuing his studies, and received several gold medals for his proficiency in mathematics.

Upon completion of his education, he was apprenticed to Messrs. Newton and Son, patent agents and mechanical draughtsmen, where he became practised in making drawings from specifications and from models of machinery. He remained as an employee with Messrs. Newton and Son for some time after completing his apprenticeship.

From 1830 he was engaged by Captain John Ericsson to assist in making drawings for locomotive engines. The next year he became assistant to George Stephenson and prepared plans and sections of the projected Grand Junction Railway. On the completion of the parliamentary submissions for the Grand Junction Railway, between 1832 and 1833, he set up his own cartographical and drawing business, and spent over two decades working as a surveyor for numerous railroad construction projects in the United Kingdom. In 1838, he published his first Map of the Grand Junction Railway and Adjacent Country; and the next year Cheffins's Official Map of the Railway from London to Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool. In 1846, Cheffins commissioned John Cooke Bourne to write the History of the Great Western Railway. Occasionally, Cheffins also published lithographical work by others. In the year 1848, he had been elected an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers and continued to take interest in all their proceedings.

One year before his death in 1861, the partnership between Cheffins and his sons—as surveyors, draftsmen, and lithographers—was dissolved by mutual consent. The business continued with Cheffins and his son Charles Richard Cheffins as partners. Cheffins died suddenly from internal injuries on 23 October 1861, leaving his son Charles to complete the work which he commenced a month or two before his death. His death, at the age of fifty-four, was said to have greatly impacted his friends, colleagues, and assistants, who had served under him in the numerous parliamentary campaigns in which he had been engaged – and to many of whom he had shown much kindness in recommending them to posts of trust and responsibility on the Indian Railways.

Work

Locomotive design

About the year 1830, he was engaged by Captain John Ericsson to assist in making the drawings for the Novelty locomotive engine, then about to be constructed by Messrs. Braithwaite and Ericsson, to compete against the Stephenson's Rocket and other locomotives on the Rainhill Trials on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway. The competition went against the Novelty, on account of the failure of its blast apparatus.

Cheffins was present at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and remained some time longer with Captain Ericsson, making drawings for other inventions, among which was a steam fire-engine and a caloric engine – machines which gained public attention, the former of which coming into general use. Cheffins's practical knowledge of machinery rendered him a valuable assistant in the preparation of the designs.

Testimony in patent-right lawsuits
In 1830, Cheffins reputation was such that he testified for the "defendants" in the patent infringement case of Lord Galloway and Alexander Cochrane versus John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, in the Court of Chancery, where it was alleged that the boilers of the Novelty locomotive were of a type too similar to a design of the plaintiffs and where the Lord Chancellor found for the defendants.

Subsequently, Cheffins took the stand in court more often. In one 1847 case narrated in The Railway Record, "Charles F. Cheffins, engineer and surveyor, was called for the defence, proved that he had examined the plans and sections in question, and detected so many errors that the case became quite clear."

Grand Junction Railway
In 1831, Cheffins was introduced to railway pioneer George Stephenson by Stephenson's oldest associate and surveyor, a Mr. Padley. After the successful opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, Stephenson became prominently involved in numerous other schemes.

Cheffins' first occupation under Stephenson was the preparation of the plans and sections of the projected Grand Junction Railway, which was to connect the towns of Birmingham and Liverpool; and his persevering industry was noticed by, among other eminent engineers, Joseph Locke, Frederick Swanwick, Daniel Gooch.

Lithograph of London Station

In 1830, Cheffins started making lithographs, which were published in magazines such as an engraving representing the London Terminus of the London and Birmingham Railway, at Button Grove, in an 1837 issue of John Limbird's The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction. The engraving was reduced from a drawing by Thomas Allom and lithographed by Cheffins.

The structure was being erected at the time of the publication. The building was designed by Philip Hardwick, an architect of St. Katherine's Docks, Goldsmith's Hall, the City Clubhouse, and other buildings. The facade of the railway station would occupy about 300 feet towards Drummond Street, opposite a wide opening into Euston Square. The principal elevation consisted of a Grecian Doric portico, with two antae, and two lodges, one on each side, the latter to house the offices of the company; the spaces between the columns and antae of the portico, and also of the lodges, were enclosed by iron gates.

Other lithographic work

In his studio at 9, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, Cheffins lithographed work for numerous other artists:
 1837 – In the month of August, Cheffins published a lithographed plate of a view of the apparatus used in the steamboat Francis B. Ogden, with a description of its construction and use.
 1837 – Illustrations for the book Scenery in the north of Devon. George Rowe; Charles F. Cheffins; Paul Gauci; George Hawkins; Henry Strong; G. Wilkins. Published by J. Banfield, Ilfracombe.
 1844 – Illustrations for Quarterly papers on architecture. : Forty-one engravings, many of which are coloured. by Richard Hamilton Essex; John Richard Jobbins; John Henry Le Keux; Charles F. Cheffins; R Gould; Published by London: Iohan Weale.
 1848 – Illustration "Perspective view of machinery in Fulton's Clermont" for Henry Bernoulli Barlow
 1848 – Illustrations for A sketch of the origin and progress of steam navigation from authentic documents by Bennet Woodcroft.
 1852 – Lithographed illustrations of The Garden Companion and Florists' Guide by Thomas Moore.
 1852 – Lithographed London map designed by Benjamin Rees Davies.
 1854 – Drawing and publication of the famous map by John Snow that shows the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854.

Railroad surveys
On the completion of the parliamentary submissions for the Grand Junction Railway, Cheffins terminated his engagement with Stephenson. Foreseeing that railway schemes were only then in their infancy and that much work might be anticipated, Cheffins devoted himself exclusively to the surveying department of the profession and established himself in London, working independently, while retaining the patronage of those with whom he had been previously associated and adding other names to his list of friends. Robert Stephenson, the son of George, was among the latter, and under his direction and superintendence, Cheffins prepared many of the designs for the construction of the bridges on the London and Birmingham Railway. Cheffins was also engaged by Stephenson on other matters. Their friendship lasted until Stephenson's death, and Cheffins continued to hold him in high regard as someone crucial to his own success.

In his further professional career, Cheffins completed numerous projects for the London and Blackwall Railway, the Great Eastern Railway (then the Eastern Counties Railway), the Trent Valley Line, and the North Staffordshire Railway—a few of which he lived to see to completion, although they were opposed in both houses of Parliament by other companies and large landed proprietors.

In 1846, in recognition for Cheffins's services, a service of plate was presented to him by, among others, the leading engineers of the day.

The last initiative Cheffins was a part of was the projected Great Eastern Northern Junction Railway Bill of 1860, (known familiarly as the "Coal Line"), which his friend George Parker Bidder had put in his hands, and in which he took an interest; but he died before its completion.

Selected publications
Cheffins published dozens of maps, most of railways. A selection:
 Charles F. Cheffins. London & Birmingham railway: a plan of the line and adjacent country. London: C. F. Cheffins, 1835.
 Charles F. Cheffins. London and Birmingham railway: Map of the Railway from London to Box-Moor, and the adjacent Country. London: Charles F. Cheffins, 1 August 1837; 1838 edition with Thomas W. Streeter.
 Charles F. Cheffins; Thomas W. Streeter. Map of the Grand Junction Railway and adjacent country. 1838
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. Cheffins's Official Map of the Railway from London to Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool. Wrightson & Webb. 1839
 Charles F. Cheffins; North Woolwich Railway. Plan and section of the North Woolwich Railway, in the counties of Essex and Kent. 1844
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. Cheffins's map of the railways in Great Britain: from the ordnance surveys. 1845
 Charles F. Cheffins. Map of the North Staffordshire lines: deposited with the Clerks of the Peace, Novr. 1845
 Charles F. Cheffins. Plans and Sections of the Norwich and Dereham Railway 1845
 Charles F. Cheffins. Furness Railway. London: C.F. Cheffins, lithographer, 1846.
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. Cheffins's Map of English & Scotch Railways: accurately delineating all the lines at present opened ; and those which are in progress. Corrected to the present time, the map also shows the main roads throughout the kingdom, with the distances between the towns, forming a complete guide for the traveller and tourist. 1847, 1850
 Charles F. Cheffins. Proposed railway from Cairo to the Sea of Suez. London: C.F. Cheffins, 184ff.
 Charles F. Cheffins. Cheffins's station map of the railways in Great Britain, from authentic sources. London: Charles F. Cheffins and Sons, 1859

Other maps, a selection:
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. Chart of the Gulf of Mexico, off St. Joseph's Island. R. Hastings, 1841
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. A map of the Republic of Texas and the adjacent territories, indicating the grants of land conceded under the Empresario System of Mexico. London: R. Hastings, 1841.
 Charles Frederick Cheffins; Monroe. Aranzas Bay, as surveyed by Captn. Monroe of the 'Amos Wright{'}. London: R. Hastings, 1841
 Benjamin Rees Davies; Charles F. Cheffins; Orr & Compy.; Letts, Son & Co.,; J. Cross & Son. London and its environs. London: Charles F. Cheffins. 1854
 Charles Frederick Cheffins. Plan of the Manor of Newington Barrow, Otherwise Highbury, in Islington. C.F. Cheffins, Lithr. 1856

Notes

References

Attribution
 This article incorporates public domain material from  and other public domain material from books and/or websites.

External links

 Charles Frederick Cheffins on gracesguide.co.uk
 Charles Frederick Cheffins on National Railway Museum; Data of 115 works by C.F. Cheffins

1807 births
1861 deaths
19th-century cartographers
Engineers from London
British lithographers
British railway civil engineers


title: Lone Mountain, Las Vegas

text:
Lone Mountain is a neighborhood in Las Vegas, Nevada.

 The area was named after a solitary hill that is detached from the Red Rock National Conservation Area, known as "Lone Mountain", which is an isolated, rocky butte northwest of central Las Vegas. The summit stands 560 feet above the surrounding area, giving great views of the city, the Spring Mountains, and Mt. Charleston. Lone Mountain itself is encircled by a 10-foot-wide, 3.2-mile perimeter trail for joggers, hikers, and horseback riders.

It is the neighboring community immediately north of Summerlin and roughly bordered on the west by the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, on the south by Cheyenne Avenue, on the east by the [U.S. Route 215 [Bruce Woodbury Beltway] and on the north by West Lone Mountain Road. Within this area are some of the most desirable homes in Las Vegas. While there is a proliferation of affluent new construction at the western foothills, there are still a number of horse ranches and natural terrain and parks which remain.

The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department's Academy is located within Lone Mountain, as is the adjacent Police Memorial Park (dedicated in 2009). The park includes the Memorial Wall and two dedicated tree groves to memorialize Las Vegas Metropolitan police officers who have died in the line of duty. Two trees are dedicated to the Ten-13 retired New York Police Officers of the September 11, 2001 tragedy. The area enjoys a low crime rate, perhaps because of the numerous law enforcement officers and their families who reside in this community.

There is an abundance of recreational areas within the area, including Lone Mountain Discovery Park, which is a green space with a roller hockey rink, basketball, tennis courts, and a picnic area. Majestic Park, a full-service softball facility with 12 playing fields. Trigono Hills Park, a 6.5 million dollar recreational facility, which opened in the spring of 2020 and is located Cliff Shadows Parkway at Gilmore Avenue.

The homes of Lone Mountain range from the Spanish Colonial horse ranches, to luxury "mini-estates" by Blue Heron Homes, to the 3-story, mid-century modern revival homes at "Hillside", designed by William Ramsey.

References

External links

Las Vegas Valley
Unincorporated communities in Clark County, Nevada
Unincorporated communities in Nevada


title: Taran, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Taran (, also Romanized as Ţarān and Tarān) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 446, in 81 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Duki, Iran

text:
Duki (, also Romanized as Dūkī; also known as Dūrkī) is a village in Zarabad-e Gharbi Rural District, Zarabad District, Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 494, in 104 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Dark Life

text:
Dark Life is the first book in a futuristic adventure fiction and science fiction  series of the same name by Kat Falls. The novel was published May 1, 2010 by Scholastic. Falls has written a sequel: Rip Tide.  Scholastic has published a study guide for the books.

Publishing rights outside the USA were sold in six languages.

Plot summary
The world has been plunged underwater leaving very little land left above water. A teenage boy, Ty, has spent his entire life underwater helping his family farm their sea homestead. Ty meets a teenage girl, Gemma, from the land, who is looking for her brother. A group of sea bandits known as the "Seablite Gang" attacks Ty's homestead and he and Gemma try to capture the bandits. However, a member of the gang, Shade, turns out to be Gemma's brother. It also turns out that Shade, like Ty, has a "dark gift" that allows him to change his appearance, however Ty's dark gift is that he is able to use echo-location similar to a bat.

Awards
Dark Life was nominated for the following awards.

Sunshine State Young Reader Award (2011)
Children's Book Award (2011)
Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award (2011)
Maud Hart Lovelace Award (2011)
Truman Reader's Award (2011)
Golden Sower Award (2011)
Buckeye Children's Book Award (2011)
Junior Book Award (2011)
Beehive Book Award (2011)
Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award (2011)

Film adaptation
On April 5, 2010, Robert Zemeckis was set to direct the film adaptation for Disney and will co-produce with Gotham Group through ImageMovers.

References

External links

2010 children's books
2010 American novels
2010 science fiction novels
Children's science fiction novels
American children's novels
American science fiction novels
Novels set in the future
Novels set at sea
Scholastic Corporation books


title: Jod, Iran

text:
Jod () is a village in Zarabad-e Sharqi Rural District, Zarabad District, Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 529, in 119 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Geri Malaj

text:
Geri Malaj Kola (born 14 October 1989) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Spanish club Atlético Arteixo.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
People from Kuçovë
Men's association football midfielders
Albanian men's footballers
Albania men's under-21 international footballers
Deportivo Fabril players
Doxa Katokopias FC players
Atromitos Yeroskipou players
Tercera División players
Cypriot First Division players
Cypriot Second Division players
Albanian expatriate men's footballers
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus


title: Harmodio Arias Cerjack

text:
Harmodio Arias Cerjack (March 1, 1956 – February 6, 2014) was a Panamanian politician. He was the Foreign Minister from 2003 to 2004.

Cerjack died at the age of 57.

References

2014 deaths
Panamanian politicians
Year of birth uncertain


title: Jaltomata antillana

text:
Jaltomata antillana, the Antilles false holly, is a plant species native to Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Jaltomata antillana is an herb up to 100 cm (39 inches) tall. Flowers are white to cream colored. Fruits deep blood red, about 10 mm in diameter.

References

antillana
Flora of Jamaica
Flora of Cuba
Flora of Puerto Rico
Flora of the Dominican Republic
Flora of Haiti
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Kalat, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Kalat (, also Romanized as Kalāt; also known as Kalāt-e Koch and Kalāt-e Kūch) is a village in Zarabad-e Sharqi Rural District, Zarabad District, Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 192, in 48 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Michel Band

text:
The Michel Band is an Indigenous nation of central Alberta, Canada, which the Government of Canada recognized as a nation and treaty partner from 1878 to 1958.  The descendents of that historic band, now organized as an association called the Michel First Nation, are engaged in legal and political action to regain recognition.

The Michel Band was also referred to as the Michel Caillehoo, Michel Caillehouis, Michel Caillehow, Michel Calihoo, Michel Calistrois, or Michel Calliho Band, referring to the name of their chief at the time that they signed Treaty 6 with the Canadian Crown by adhesion on September 3, 1878.

In 1880, a  Indian reserve was surveyed as "Michel I.R. 132" on the Sturgeon River, about  from the Roman Catholic mission at St. Albert, northwest of Edmonton near the present-day town site of Villenevue.  The reserve was described and surveyed in September 1880 by G.A. Simpsona as "to a post on the right bank of the Sturgeon River and thence easterly along the said bank of the river to the point of beginning, containing an area of forty square miles more or less." and formalized by Order in Council PC 1151 on May 17, 1889.

Like all First Nations in the Edmonton area, the Michel Band members came under government and settler pressure to surrender their agricultural land.  Land sales marked by government corruption steadily eroded their land base through the next half-century. In 1959 the entire band was "enfranchised"—removed from status as Indians in exchange for the right to vote in Canadian elections and removal from the strictures of the Indian Act on March 31, 1958, by Order in Council P.C. 375. The Michel Band was the only one in Canada to be enfranchised during the twentieth century.

The people of the modern-day Michel First Nation have ancestry primarily from the Iroquois, Cree and Métis ethnic groups.  In 1998, there were over 700 registered descendants.

History

Michel band, composed of Iroquois and their leader, called "Yellowhead", travelled from the east to avoid assassination because of a bounty offered by the American government for provable deaths of Iroquois people.  Iroquois Yellowhead was rumoured to be a descendant of the French Crown from a period when the Iroquois were invited and visited the French King.  He, Yellowhead, believed he had to leave the east to avoid being assassinated during the French Revolution, because of his rumored connection to the French aristocracy.

When Yellowhead came to St. Albert, in Alberta, he appealed to Father Lacombe to arrange a home for himself and his people; his family.   Michel Reserve north of St. Albert, became their land base.   Almost the entire band enfranchised; gave up their Reserve and Treaty rights, when Alberta became a province in 1905, because as Iroquois people, their style of government was based on voting, [American democracy is based on the Iroquois style of government, each individual having the right to vote] and when the colonial government decided that Indians on reserves, and Indigenous people who signed treaties, were not allowed to vote, most of Michel Band gave up their reserve, their treaty rights and moved into St. Albert so that they could vote.
In 1958, the Michel Band became the only First Nation in Canada in the  20th century to enfranchise.

In 1985 many descendants of the historic Michel Band regained Indian status through Bill C-31. They have since that time lobbied the federal government to once again recognize them as an Indian band with Aboriginal and treaty rights.
Many Michel Band members trace their ancestry to Louis Callihoo, a name used by people who could not spell his Iroquois name.  He was called "Yellowhead" and known as Kara Komptee, Kwarakwante.  He was Mohawk (Mohawks are part of the Iroquois confederacy), born in 1782, Sault St. Louis, in what is now called Kahnawake, Quebec.
He was known as  "Le Soleil Voyageur", which may be a reference to the rumored relationship to the French aristocracy; the French king, Louis XIV, known as "the Sun King".
In 1800, Louis Kwarkwante, Yellowhead, signed on as a voyageur with the North West Company (a clerk changed his name to Caliheue) and travelled west from Montreal  to Northern Alberta to work as a fur trader. He married three local women (a Sekani Native and two French-Cree Métis sisters). Mohawk, an Iroquois language, may at one time have been the language of the band, but by the late 19th Century Father Albert Lacombe wrote that most band members spoke Cree or French. It seems likely that Michif, a mixed Cree-French language, was used by the Michel Band.
Michel Band’s descendants still live across Canada.  Descendants such as bassist, filmmaker, and photographer Tegan Armstrong number among them.

The Michel Band emerged as a distinct cultural and kinship group during the Canadian fur trade.

Daniel Garacontié

Daniel Garacontié (also spelled Garagonthie, Garakontie, and Garakontié) an Onondaga sachem, chief and orator, first travelled northwest from the communities of Caughnawaga and St.Regis.  Generations of Iroquois had been trapping furs for a living and had become proficient in the trading of goods to maintain a comfortable lifestyle in the St.Lawrence River and Great Lakes regions.

The Iroquois were politically governed by the traditional customs and governance of the Great Law of Peace. In 1645 Iroquois headmen began treating the Frenchmen of Trois-Rivières, the Hurons, and Algonquins. In their dealings with the French, Iroquois diplomats adapted the language and rituals of the Great Law of Peace to create the protocol for intercultural diplomacy. In 1654, Daniel Garakontie or "The Moving Sun" was the Great Sachem of the Iroquois Confederacy."Five whole Nations address thee through my mouth. I have in my heart the sentiments of all the Iroquois Nations - and my tongue is faithful to my heart." -GarakontieGarakontie was known as Sagochiendagehte ("the name bearer") the Council name of the Onondaga - a status he occupied as its principal speaker. Garakontie was his family name and not his hereditary title, thus his status as speaker and chief diplomat was achieved, not ascribed by his membership into the Bear Clan. The first references to Garakontié reveal him struggling to preserve the general peace of 1653.

While in Quebec Garakontie proclaimed his faith in Christianity. Garakontié was baptized in the Cathedral of Quebec.  He announced he would no longer sponsor dream feasts and declared the Iroquois cosmology was a fable. Traditionalist Iroquois headmen maintained that Garakontie had become French and untrustworthy The Jesuits had not only created Catholic converts, but also strong Christian and Traditionalist factions that brought unprecedented disquiet to Iroquois communities.

By the late 1660s Jesuit missionaries encouraged increasing numbers of Catholic Iroquois to desert their homes for the mission villages in Canada; by the mid 1670s over two-hundred had departed. The lack of pelts to trade and warfare created serious economic hardship in Iroquoia. In 1700, over 500 of their 2000 warriors had been killed, captured, or had deserted to Catholic missions.

Louis Kwarakwante
Louis Kwarakwante ("The Sun Traveller") was born in 1782 near the Catholic Mission of Saul St. Louis of Caughnawaga. It is speculated that Louis was Mohawk. The name Kwarakwante appears to be an incorrect translation of Garakontie. Records list his surname variously as "Karaconti. Karaquienthe, Caraquanti." Louis also went by the surname of Callihoo, which derived from "Karhioo" meaning  "Tall Forest" in Iroquois. Many members of his family, especially those who went west with the Fur Trade, had the name Karakontie bestowed on them by the clergy. Louis Kwarakwante was likely a grandson of Daniel Garakontie.

As early as 1800, the North West Company began to employ Iroquois voyagers. Colin Robertson said he preferred the Iroquois voyageurs to French-Canadians in a rapid or dangerous river crossing "for their calmness and presence of mind which never forsakes them in the greatest danger." This was still a common trend even up until 1872, when George Grant remarked:"Our crews were chiefly Iroquois Indians from Caugh-naw-aga, near Montreal, the best voyagers known, according to the testimony of everyone who has tried them. The Iroquois made the engagement for the trip, and hired a few Ojibways bear the Shebandowan and Fort Francis to make up the necessary number. They were as fine-looking, clean-limbed men as one's eye could desire to rest on, punctual, diligent, uncomplaining, and reserving their chief affection for their canoes. As a jockey cherishes his horse and  shepherd his dog, so do they care for their canoe."  The NWC undoubtedly hired Iroquois from Caughnawaga not only for their experience, but also their familiarity with the Catholic clergy and the habitant seigneuries who had land holdings in the Missions. The Regardless, the bark longhouses still resembled those of in Mohawk Valley, and traditional agriculture was still practiced. In this Mission, Louis Callihoo learned his catechism and his prayers in his native tongue. He spoke French and later many other languages as well, which no doubt made his commercial dealings easier. He was contracted as a canoemen on November 23, 1800 by McTavish, Frobisher & Company, agents of the NWC.

Enfranchisement and legal dispute
The Michel First Nation's position is summarized though testimony at the Indigenous and Northern Affairs Committee on April 9, 2008, by Chief Rosalind Callihoo:
I am the great-great-granddaughter of Michel Callihoo, who signed treaty in 1878 by an adhesion to Treaty No. 6. I'm here today on behalf of over 700 members of the Michel First Nation who were reinstated under Bill C-31.

I would like to present to the committee today the issue of discrimination throughout the Michel history. The whole band was enfranchised in 1958 under section 112 of the Indian Act, which was later repealed because it was deemed to be discriminatory.

Bill C-31 was also discriminatory. I stated that 700-plus members have been reinstated. However, there are probably approximately the same number who were not reinstated because they were enfranchised under the band enfranchisement. Bill C-31 did not address that. They only addressed individual enfranchisement.

My third comment regarding discrimination is the specific claims policy and access to it. In 1998 we had concluded an inquiry from the Indian Claims Commission. That inquiry made a recommendation to Canada that Canada should grant the Michel First Nation special standing to file a specific claim. In 2002, after four years, the Minister of Indian Affairs of the day refused to give us that special standing, and the recommendation was not adopted.

Our sole recommendation here today to this committee is to propose an amendment to the definition of first nation in Bill C-30. In order to bring a claim before the Specific Claims Tribunal, a first nation must meet the first nation definition under section 2 of the Indian Act. This defines first nation to mean a band as defined under the act. This definition needs to be expanded to include the Michel First Nation, which would be a first nation if not for Canada's breach of lawful obligation, because Canada's breach goes directly to the status of the Michel First Nation.

The Indian Claims Commission did note that Canada should not benefit because of a technicality. In our case, Canada is still benefiting from its own wrongful act; it points to its own discrimination as the justification for not granting us status as standing under the policy. Parliament would continue this wrong by enacting Bill C-30 without the requested amendment.

One of the purposes of Bill C-30, and the reason why it was endorsed by the Assembly of First Nations, is that it removes the non-binding status of recommendations under the former Indian Claims Commission. Bill C-30 is a positive step, and we endorse it. However, the benefits of Bill C-30, as it is currently drafted, exclude us because of the catch-22 position we are in. We are not recognized as a band, but we say we should be a band. We can't argue that we should be a band.

The basic principles and values of Canadian society are reflected in the constitutional provisions designed to protect the rights of aboriginal peoples, to abolish discrimination. These basic principles and values need to be applied to our situation. We have the same issues before us as all the other first nations in Canada; however, we have no platform to bring them forward.

We respectfully urge the committee to recommend that Bill C-30 be amended so we may have equal access to the legal processes that Bill C-30 set out.

References

First Nations history in the District of Alberta
Métis in Alberta

Franco-Albertan culture
Government agencies disestablished in 1958
1958 disestablishments in Canada
First Nations in Alberta


title: Simli, Iran

text:
Simli (, also Romanized as Sīmlī) is a village in Zarabad-e Sharqi Rural District, Zarabad District, Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 33 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Jahliyan Rural District

text:
Jahliyan Rural District () is in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Jahliyan.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 13,629 in 2,723 households. There were 17,789 inhabitants in 3,999 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 21,361 in 5,284 households. The largest of its 54 villages was Pozm-e Tiab, with 2,912 people.

References

Konarak County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Kahir Rural District

text:
Kahir Rural District () is in Kahir District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bursar Heydari.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 10,799 in 2,161 households, when it was in the Central District. There were 11,055 inhabitants in 2,579 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 13,396 in 3,299 households. The largest of its 41 villages was Kahir, with 2,213 people.

After the census, the rural district was separated from the Central District, elevated to the status of a district and divided into two rural districts and no cities.

References

Konarak County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Dennis Arakaki

text:
Dennis Arakaki (born October 18, 1943) was an American politician and social worker.

Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Arakaki graduated from Farrington High School. He then went to University of Hawaii at Manoa. He worked in health care planning. Arakaki served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1985 to 2006 as a Democrat.

Notes

1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Honolulu
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
Democratic Party members of the Hawaii House of Representatives


title: Zarabad-e Gharbi Rural District

text:
Zarabad-e Gharbi Rural District () is in Karvan District of Zarabad County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Eslamabad-e Lash.

At the National Census of 2006, its population (as a part of the former Zarabad District of Konarak County) was 8,997 in 1,998 households. There were 8,614 inhabitants in 2,161 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 8,983 in 2,407 households. The largest of its 50 villages was Suru, with 1,372 people.

After the census, the district was separated from the county to establish Zarabad County, two districts and four rural districts were formed, and the city of Zarabad was made the new county's capital.

References

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Sistan and Baluchestan Province


title: Moon Over Her Shoulder

text:
Moon Over Her Shoulder is a 1941 motion picture comedy directed by Alfred L. Werker.

Cast
John Sutton as Phillip Rossiter
Lynn Bari as Susan Rossiter
Alan Mowbray as Grover Sloan
Leonard Carey as Dusty
Dan Dailey as Rex Gibson
Lillian Yarbo as Juline, the Maid

References
"The Screen" by Bosley Crowther The New York Times November 5, 1941

External links

.

1941 films
1941 comedy films
American comedy films
20th Century Fox films
American black-and-white films
1940s American films


title: Zarabad-e Sharqi Rural District

text:
Zarabad-e Sharqi Rural District () is in the Central District of Zarabad County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Zarabad.

At the National Census of 2006, its population (as a part of the former Zarabad District of Konarak County) was 6,495 in 1,362 households. There were 5,691 inhabitants in 1,297 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 7,211 in 1,780 households. The largest of its 37 villages was Esmail Chat, with 831 people.

After the census, the district was separated from the county to establish Zarabad County, two districts and four rural districts were formed, and the city of Zarabad was made the new county's capital.

References

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Sistan and Baluchestan Province


title: Bansont

text:
Bansont (, also Romanized as Bānsont and Bānesont; also known as Bāksūnat and Bānsunt) is a village in, and the capital of, Bansont Rural District of the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,475 in 273 households, when it was in Jahliyan Rural District. The following census in 2011 counted 1,838 people in 376 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,824 people in 417 households.

References

Konarak County

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Gabulan

text:
Gabulan (, also Romanized as Gabūlān; also known as Gabūl) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 554, in 88 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Jahliyan

text:
Jahliyan (, also Romanized as Jahlīyān, Jahleyān, Jahlīān, and Jahlīār) is a village in, and the capital of, Jahliyan Rural District of the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 470 in 96 households. The following census in 2011 counted 545 people in 125 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 553 people in 132 households.

References

Konarak County

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Guriyat

text:
Guriyat (, also Romanized as Gūr’īyāt) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 26, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Khalijabad

text:
Khalijabad (, also Romanized as Khalījābād) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 34 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Hamidgu

text:
Hamidgu (, also Romanized as Ḩamīdgū) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 840, in 155 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Muman-e Bala

text:
Muman-e Bala (, also Romanized as Mūmān-e Bālā; also known as Moman, Momān Post, and Mūmān) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 190, in 41 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Muman-e Pain

text:
Muman-e Pain (, also Romanized as Mūmān-e Pā’īn) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 172, in 40 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Muman-e Vasat

text:
Muman-e Vasat (, also Romanized as Mūmān-e Vosţá; also known as Mūmān-e Bālā and Mūmān-e Vasaţ) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 443, in 92 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Ivory Quinby

text:
Ivory Quinby (July 14, 1817 – October 23, 1869) was an American businessman who was notably one of the earliest benefactors of Monmouth College, and also helped establish Monmouth, Illinois as a transportation center.

Early life
Ivory Quinby I was born on July 14, 1817, in Buxton, Maine. He was named after his mother's former husband, Ivory Fenderson, who had died four years earlier. His parents were Asa and Mehitable (née Milliken) Quinby. He had a brother and sister, named Rodney and Elizabeth. He came from an old New England family, who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638. At fifteen, he was enrolled at Waterville College. After graduating on August 3, 1836 with honors, Quinby moved to Parsonsfield, Maine, to live with his uncle Hosea Quinby, where he was employed by Parsonsfield Seminary, a Free Will Baptist academy, as an assistant teacher. Quinby left to study law in Saco under Judge Shepley. By the time he was twenty, he had decided to travel to Illinois, with all of his money, which was about $125.00. He arrived in Quincy, Illinois, in 1837, and met two men named John Mitchell and O.H. Browning, who advised that he move to Monmouth, Illinois, for the purpose of buying up land patents. The U.S. Government at the time granted land patents to veterans of the War of 1812, who rarely kept them. Instead, they sold the property to people like Quinby and a colleague of his, Elijah Winslow, who then resold the land to settlers. Quinby and Mitchell walked fifteen miles from Oquawka, Illinois to Monmouth, and established a law firm.
With his remaining savings, Quinby bought 8,000 acres in Warren County.

Civil service career
In 1839, Mehitable, Rodney and Elizabeth Quinby moved to Monmouth, where Rodney studied law under both his brother and Abner Clark Harding, who was a partner in the firm Harding & Quinby. In 1849, Quinby was elected to a probate court as a judge, where he served a single term from 1849 to 1853. During this time, Quinby was elected to the board of trustees of Monmouth, which governed the town before the more common single mayoral system was instated. On May 14, 1851, an election was held at the Monmouth courthouse. Charles Armsby, Hiram Baldwin, Chancy Hardin, James Thompson and Ivory Quinby were all elected to the Board. On March 28 of that year, Quinby was elected president of the board. Board of trustees meetings were held in the offices of Harding & Quinby at the time. While serving as president, Quinby and the board strengthened ordinances against drinking and disorderly conduct. When his term came to a close, Quinby was paid $5.00 for his time as president. In 1857, Quinby was elected mayor for a second time, running on the Democratic ticket. He won over his opponents, G.W. Savage and Samuel Wood, by 120 votes. As mayor, Quinby worked with Chancy Hardin, who had become an alderman, serving with James Neil, Theodore Cornell and Horatio Henry. On June 2, 1863, Quinby was elected to the board of health, again with Hardin and a health officer, Dr. J.R. Webster. Quinby also was one of the founders of the Monmouth Public Library, which he began in 1867 as a reading room, which could be utilized without charge. This eventually became the permanent library. Since he owned acres of land around Monmouth, Quinby donated a section to the city, for the purpose of expansion, which he gifted in 1865. In 1867, after being elected mayor again, Quinby oversaw the placement of sidewalks in Monmouth. One parcel was set aside, and turned into a park, which takes up an entire block. It has remained a park, into the present day.

Business
Ivory Quinby was not only a respected politician, but a very successful businessman as well. He founded the Harding & Quinby law firm (as previously mentioned), and operated a mercantile in nearby Berwick from 1847–1851. He frequently bought and sold property in Monmouth, which generated a financially successful business. On February 27, 1851, prominent Monmouth citizens Abner Harding, Wyatt B. Stapp (after whom Wyatt Earp was named), Colonel J.W. Davidson, and James G. Madden held a public meeting to discuss a proposed measure, which would allow the Peoria and Oquawka Railroad Company to lay track through town. This was an idea that Quinby fervently supported. The public response was generally positive, so the project moved ahead. Quinby purchased land for the railroad to pass through, and he along with Chancy Hardin and Abner Harding formed a construction company, C. Hardin & Co., and began the task of laying track. Unfortunately, the citizens of Oquawka were not as enthusiastic, and refused to aid in the construction or funding. They did not see the railroad as a serious competitor of river traffic. The Peoria & Oquawka was forced to divert their planned route to Burlington, where the bankrupted Peoria & Warsaw Railroad had already begun work. Quinby's business sense greatly helped the Railroad, and made it very profitable. The railroad was eventually sold to the Central Military Tract Railroad in 1852, which eventually became the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. This route is still used to this day, mostly traveled by coal trains and Amtrak. Through Quinby's foresight, Monmouth is today a transportation center.
In 1856, Quinby decided to shift from practicing law to banking, and partnered with T.L. McCoy, founding the Warren County Bank, which was the first in town. The bank's success, coupled with his other business ventures, made Quinby a wealthy man.

Monmouth College
Quinby highly valued education, and so when Monmouth College was founded in 1853, he became a member of their Board of Trustees, where he served as treasurer. Quinby was one of the college's earliest benefactors, and donated a large amount of money, a sum which amounts to about $10,000. A metal plaque in Wallace Hall at Monmouth College describes Quinby as "One whose loyalty and benevolence helped make Monmouth College."

Personal life
Quinby married Jane Allen, who had moved from Oneida County, New York, with her father Benjamin Allen, in 1839. They had three children, Arthur, Henry and Willis, all of whom died before their father. Allen died of tuberculosis in 1847. Quinby moved to Berwick shortly after Allen's death to begin his mercantile business, and met Mary Pearce, whom he married in 1848. He had five more children, bringing the total to eight.
In 1866, Quinby decided to build a larger home than the others he had owned in Monmouth. Quinby set aside a plot of land on the corner of East Euclid and North 6th Street, which he had surveyed as early as 1862. He contacted noted Chicago architect John C. Cochrane, who designed a large two-story Italianate-Greek Revival mansion, now known as the Ivory Quinby House. The Quinby family deeded the estate to Monmouth College in 1965, under the condition that it be returned if the college no longer sees use for it. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is currently the residence of the college President.

References

 Genealogical History of the Quinby (Quimby) Family in England and America  – Henry Cole Quinby, Tuttle Company, Rutland, Vermont, 1915
 Railroads and Warren County – Thomas Best, Warren County Historical Society, Page 15

External links
Department.monm.edu

1817 births
1869 deaths
People from Buxton, Maine
Colby College alumni
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Monmouth College
People from Monmouth, Illinois
Businesspeople from Illinois
Mayors of places in Illinois
Illinois city council members
Illinois state court judges
Tuberculosis deaths in Illinois
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century American judges


title: Arthur Marks

text:
Arthur Ronald Marks (August 2, 1927 – November 13, 2019) was an American film and television director, writer, producer and distributor best known for his work in the blaxploitation genre, directing films such as Bonnie's Kids, Detroit 9000, Friday Foster, Bucktown, The Monkey Hu$tle and J. D.'s Revenge. He also directed and produced numerous episodes of the American legal drama Perry Mason, as well as episodes of Starsky & Hutch, Mannix, I Spy, My Friend Tony, The Dukes of Hazzard, Steve Canyon, and Young Daniel Boone.

Early life and career
Arthur Marks was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1927 to parents who had moved to Hollywood to find work in the film industry. His father, David Marks, worked a series of film jobs, from sound man to assistant director, on films like Hell's Angels and The Wizard of Oz, spending the last 30 years of his career at MGM. As a child, Marks frequently appeared as an unbilled extra in films such as Boy's Town and The Good Earth and the Andy Hardy series. After serving in the Merchant Marines during World War II and briefly attending USC as a journalism major, Marks dropped out of college and took a job with the MGM production department. He did production work on 75 MGM films over the next three years, eventually working as an assistant director at Columbia Studios and doing uncredited reshoots in post-production for The Lady from Shanghai and The Caine Mutiny, as well as numerous other films, Westerns and serials, and numerous feature films before beginning his own career as a director. During the early 1950s, he briefly left Hollywood to serve in the United States Navy during the Korean War.

Directorial career
Marks worked as an assistant director on television shows The Man Behind the Badge, Treasury Men in Action, Casablanca, Broken Arrow and The 20th Century Fox Hour, before becoming involved with the pilot episode of the legal drama Perry Mason. He worked as an assistant director on 15 episodes of Perry Mason, and, starting in the middle of the first season, began working as a director. He would go on to direct 76 episodes of the series, and eventually worked as the producer as well.

Following the conclusion of Perry Mason, Marks began to move into feature films, beginning with 1970's independently distributed Togetherness starring George Hamilton and Peter Lawford. Following that film, he directed Bonnie's Kids, building on his previous model of independent distribution to turn the film into a lucrative drive-in success. Successful serial-killer films The Centerfold Girls (which he produced but did not direct) and The Roommates followed, as Marks began exploiting a lack of studio pictures and a strong market for more exploitation films in the drive-in circuit. In the 2010 documentary short, Arthur's Kids, Marks explains that major Hollywood Studios tended to dismiss the drive-in circuit and refused to allow their films to be shown there, creating an opportunity for smaller independent distributors to build a business model based on supplying the drive-ins with cheaply produced, titillating fare. To capitalize on this market, Marks formed GFC (General Film Corporation), an independent distributor through which he produced and distributed his own early films as well as other cult fare (including Guerdon Trueblood's The Candy Snatchers, among others).

His positive experience working with actor Alex Rocco on Bonnie's Kids led Marks to cast Rocco in Detroit 9000, a gritty crime story which also featured Hari Rhodes and Scatman Crothers. The film was written by Academy Award Nominee Orville H. Hampton (who had worked with Marks previously on episodes of Perry Mason) and shot in Detroit, featuring numerous local personalities and landmarks. It was a financial success upon its release in 1973, but remained little-remembered until director Quentin Tarantino championed it decades later, re-releasing it theatrically through his short-lived Rolling Thunder Pictures in 1998, and on video in 1999. Tarantino also incorporated a line of dialogue from the film into the soundtrack for his own Jackie Brown.

Along with his theatrical output in 1973, Marks also made a return to television, directing two episodes of The New Perry Mason, a revival of the character Marks had begun his directorial career working with (now played by Monte Markham instead of Raymond Burr). The series was short-lived, ending mid-season after only 15 episodes.

Marks's next film, 1975's Bucktown, starring Fred Williamson and Pam Grier, found considerable financial success and established Marks as a director in the Blaxploitation genre. It attracted the attention of James Nicholson and Samuel Arkoff's American International Pictures, which distributed the picture and subsequently distributed most of Marks' later films.

Following the success of Bucktown, Marks acquired the rights to the comic strip Friday Foster, adapting it into a 1975 film starring Pam Grier. The script, co-written with Hampton, adds themes of black political unity into a more traditional mystery structure. He then moved on to the blaxploitation/horror film J.D.'s Revenge and the ensemble comedy The Monkey Hu$tle (which starred Yaphet Kotto and featured Rudy Ray Moore), both in 1976.

Following his work in film, Marks moved back to television, directing numerous episodes of Mannix, Starsky & Hutch, The Dukes of Hazard and I Spy, as well as working to develop several new TV series with CBS, none of which never came to fruition. Marks also was called upon to "Doctor" a number of feature films that needed a reshoot, or a rewrite or a professional approach. He died at his home in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles on November 13, 2019.

Legacy
Quentin Tarantino's 1998 re-release of Detroit 9000 garnered positive reviews. The New York Times critic Lawrence Van Gelder claimed "In general release, Detroit 9000 illustrates the wisdom of the adage "better late than never," and praised the film's complex racial politics, while the A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin opined that, while the film was flawed, it was also an "interesting, thoroughly watchable film, and considering its genre and origins, that's something of an achievement."

Marks's work in Blaxploitation has led several scholars of the genre to examine his films at length, including Mikel J. Koven in his 2010 book Blaxploitation Films and Yvonne D. Sims in her 2006 book Women of Blaxploitation: How the Black Action Film Heroine Changed American Popular Culture. Critic David W. Steece Jr. has noted that Marks's films are distinct from other Blaxploitation fare due to their unusual focus on character and frequent ensemble structure which seems to regard an entire community as the focus of the film, rather than a single main character. He points out that, a "lack of agency characterizes most of Marks’s leads. The people with the most screen time in his films are always at the whim of off-screen forces that are typically the real heart of the story."

Black Dynamite star and co-writer Michael Jai White has cited Marks's 1976 The Monkey Hu$tle as a major influence, telling the Los Angeles Times, "It was just brash, unlike anything I'd ever seen... I remember these bigger-than-life characters, who reminded me of my uncles, and it was the first time I saw anything familiar in my life on the big screen."

Filmography
As director
1970: Togetherness
1972: Class of '74
1973: Bonnie's Kids
1973: The Roommates
1973: Detroit 9000
1975: Bucktown
1975: A Woman for All Men
1975: Friday Foster
1976: J. D.'s Revenge
1976: The Monkey Hu$tle

Others
1974: The Centerfold Girls (story)
1975: Linda Lovelace for President (executive producer)

References

Further reading
Bogle, Donald. (2001) Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. Bloomsbury Academic.
Koven, Mikel. (2010). Blaxploitation Films. Oldcastle Books. (pg 111–112)
Lawrence, Novotny. (2007). Blaxploitation Films of the 1970s: Blackness and Genre. Routledge.
Sims, Yvonne D.(2006) Women of Blaxploitation: How the Black Action Film Heroine Changed American Popular Culture. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.(pg 196–197)

External links

1927 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Los Angeles
American television directors
Film directors from Los Angeles
Military personnel from California


title: Inconceivable

text:
Inconceivable may refer to:

Books
 Inconceivable (novel), a 1999 novel by Ben Elton

Film
"Inconceivable!", a catch-phrase used by the character Vizzini (played by Wallace Shawn) in the 1987 film The Princess Bride. It did not mean what he thought it meant.
 Inconceivable, a 1998 American comedy film starring Corinne Bohrer
 Inconceivable (2008 film), a 2008 film directed by Mary McGuckian
 Inconceivable, also known as Deadly Ex, a 2016 American thriller film starring Natasha Henstridge
 Inconceivable (2017 film), a 2017 American thriller film starring Gina Gershon and Nicolas Cage

Television
Inconceivable (TV series), a 2005 TV series starring Angie Harmon
Inconceivable , a 2017 web series starring Katie Stuart
"Inconceivable", an episode from the ninth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
"Inconceivable", an episode from the third season of the U.S. TV series Perception
"Inconceivable", an episode from the seventh season of Coach

See also
 Unbelievable (disambiguation)


title: Muman, Iran

text:
Muman (), also rendered as Moman, may refer to:
 Muman-e Bala
 Muman-e Pain
 Muman-e Vasat


title: Roxy Pro France

text:
The Roxy Pro France is an event on the Women's World Championship Tour, hosted by ASP World Surfing Tour.

Naming
Since the birth of this competition it had different names.

Results

See also
 Quiksilver Pro France
 Roxy Pro Gold Coast
 Roxy

References

External links

World Surf League
Surfing competitions in France
Sport in Landes (department)
Women's surfing


title: List of The New York Times number-one books of 1964

text:
This is a list of books that topped The New York Times best-seller list in 1964.

Fiction
The following list ranks the number-one best-selling fiction books.

Only four books topped the list that year, the list being dominated for 34 weeks by John le Carré's spy novel The Spy Who Came in from the Cold. The prolific novelist Louis Auchincloss had his only No. 1 bestseller that year (and only for one week at the top, though it lasted 33 weeks in the top 5).

Nonfiction
The following list ranks the number-one best-selling nonfiction books.

See also
 Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1960s

References

1964
.
New York Times number-one books
New York Times number-one books
New York Times number-one books


title: Nokombokan

text:
Nokombokan (, also Romanized as Nokombokān) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 382, in 74 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Thottupaar

text:
Thottupaar () is an Indian Tamil action film written and directed by newcomer K. V. Nandhu and produced by Janaki Sivakumar. The film, which starred Vidharth, Ramana and Lakshana in leading roles, released on 15 October 2010.

Cast
Vidharth as Maharaja
Ramana as Lingam
Lakshana as Kanimozhi
Cochin Haneefa
Jagan
Dinesh Lamba
Azhagam Perumal
Anu Haasan
Manobala
Mayilsamy
Ragasya as item number

Production
Actor Vidharth played the lead role for the first time in his career, though the failure of the film meant that Mynaa (2010) is often noted as his debut film. The film's director Nandhu, had previously apprenticed under director Perarasu.

Release
The film opened to poor reviews, with a critic from Sify.com labelling the film as a "big bore", adding that "the film lacks a cohesive narration and screenplay". Another reviewer cited that the film was a "can't watch".

Soundtrack
Music is composed by Srikanth Deva. Soundtrack contains 5 songs including a remix version of "Aadi Maasam Kaathadikka" from Rajinikanth starrer Paayum Puli.

References

External links

2010 films
2010s Tamil-language films
Films scored by Srikanth Deva


title: Pish Mant-e Owl

text:
Pish Mant-e Owl (, also Romanized as Pīsh Mant-e Owl; also known as Pish Mant-e Kahur) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 45 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Pozm-e Machchan

text:
Pozm-e Machchan (, also Romanized as Pozm-e Machchān; also known as Māchān, Māchā Pozm, Māshān, and Pozm Machā) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 642, in 82 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Sathyakala

text:
Sathyakala is an Indian actress in South Indian movies. She was a prominent lead actress during the late 1970s and 1980s in Malayalam films. She had acted in few Tamil films as well.

Biography
Sathyakala hails from Tamil Nadu. She made her Malayalam debut in 1980 with Shalini Ente Koottukari, which was a great success at the box office. She had managed to get a handful of Malayalam movies after that. She had acted as heroine to actors like Mammootty in Saravarsham (1982) and Amritageetham (1982), with Mohanlal in Kaliyamardhanam (1982) and Uyarangalil (1984), with Prem Nazir in Akrosham (1982) and Kari Puranda Jeevithangal (1980). She left the film field in the year 1984 and is settled in Chennai.

Partial filmography

Malayalam

 Bharya Oru Manthri (1986)
 Aattuvanchi Ulanjappol (1984)... Ammini
 Unaroo (1984)... Ammini
 Ningalil Oru Sthree (1984)
 Jeevitham (1984)... Nabeesu
 Krishna Guruvaayoorappa (1984)
 Ente Kalithozhan (1984)
 NH 47 (1984)... Elsy
 Vanitha Police (1984)
 Amme Naaraayana (1984)... Rajeshwari
 Ente Nandinikuttikku (1984)
 Raajavembaala (1984)... Nalini
 Poomadhathe Pennu (1984)... Susheela
 Makale Maappu Tharoo (1984)... Sarada
 Uyarangalil (1984)... Devi
 Snehabandham (1983)
 Maniyara (1983)... Sheeja
 Prasnam Gurutharam (1983)... Sr. Annamma Kuriakose
 Thalaam Thettiya Thaarattu (1983)
 Ee Yugam (1983)... Prema
 Vaashi (1983)
 Ee Vazhi Maathram (1983)... Geetha
 Gurudakshina (1983)
 Ahankaaram (1983)
 Kuyilinethedi (1983)... Parvathy
 Changatham (1983)... Usha
 Justice Raja (1983)... Raji
 Belt Mathai (1983)... Cicily
 Postmortem (1982)
 Amrithageetham (1982)... Geetha
 Saravarsham (1982)... Sumathi
 Aakrosham (1982)... Geetha
 Kaaliyamarddanam (1982)... Geetha
 Aa Divasam (1982)
 Oru Thira Pinneyum Thira (1982)
 Rakthasakashi (1982)
 Kattupothu (1982)
 Ivan Oru Simham ... Usha
 Ithaa Oru Dhikkaari (1981)
 Kochu Kochu Thettukal (1980)... Latha
 Karipuranda Jeevithangal (1980)... Daisy
 Pappu (1980)
 Shalini Ente Koottukari (1980)

Tamil
 Iyumbathilum Aasai Varum (1991)
 Varavu Nalla Uravu (1990)
 Enga Veetu Deivam (1989)
 Vidhi (1984)
 Veetuku Oru Kannagi (1984)
 Pillaiyar (1984)
 Niraparaadhi (1984)
 Sattam (1983)
 Thanikattu Raja (1982)
 Theerpugal Thiruththapadalam (1982)
 Vidiyum Varai Kaathiru (1981)
 Lorry Driver Rajakannu (1981)
 Vaadagai Veedu (1981)
 Nenjil Oru Mull (1981)
 Porkkaalam (1980)
 Thunive Thozhan (1980)
 Thanimaram (1980)
 Karunthel Kannayiram (1972)

Kannada
I Love You (1979)

Hindi
 Mahashakti (1980)

References

External links

 Sathyakala at MSI

Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Indian film actresses
Actresses from Chennai
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema


title: Pozm-e Tiab

text:
Pozm-e Tiab (, also Romanized as Pozm-e Tīāb, Pazm Tīāb, Pazm Tīyāb, Pozm-e Teyāb, and Pozm Teyāb; also known as Pozm, Pazm, Pūzīm, and Pūzm) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District of the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,040 in 402 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,385 people in 479 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,912 people in 642 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.

References

Konarak County

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Pozm

text:
Pozm or Pazm (), also known as Puzm or Puzim, may refer to:
 Pozm-e Machchan
 Pozm-e Tiab


title: Shed No Tears (2013 film)

text:
Shed No Tears () is a 2013 Swedish film directed by Måns Mårlind and Björn Stein and starring Adam Lundgren and Jonathan Andersson. The plot is based on the lyrics and music by Swedish artist Håkan Hellström, and the script is written by Cilla Jackert. The film premiered on 19 July 2013 and was well received by critics. It won the Guldbagge Award for Best Sound Editing at the 49th Guldbagge Awards.

The main role is played by Adam Lundgren, while Tomas von Brömssen, Gunilla Nyroos and Josefin Neldén appear in supporting roles. Even Håkan Hellström himself appears in a minor role. The film's title is based on Hellström's debut single "Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg" from the album of the same name.

The film received extensive good reviews, and 27,766 Swedes saw it at the cinema on the opening weekend, which took it up to Biotoppens second place. The following week it had dropped down to sixth place, and at the end of the year was the year's fifth highest grossing Swedish film.

Plot
Pål (Adam Lundgren)'s biggest dream is to get involved with music. His childhood friends Lena (Josefin Neldén) and Johnny (Jonathan Andersson) knows this, and his grandfather Rolle (Tomas von Brömssen), although he most of all would see that Pål gained an orderly job. When Eva (Disa Östrand) turns up as a summer night and captures Påls attention, she discovers that she shares his dream. The problem is that the only thing standing between Pål and the dream is his own obsessions that once after another leads him to derail just when most are at stake.

Cast

 Adam Lundgren as Pål
 Disa Östrand as Eva
 Josefin Neldén as Lena
 Jonathan Andersson as Johnny
 Tomas von Brömssen as Rolle, Pål's grandfather
 Marie Richardson as Lisbeth Lindén
 Reine Brynolfsson as Bosse
 Gunilla Nyroos as Hopp
 Daniel Larsson as Isse
 Eric Ericson as Priest
 Kim Lantz as Denis
 Hanna Hedin Hillberg as Samba Dancer
 Gregers Dohn as Pusher
 Darko Savor as Thug
 Lucas Miklin as Hooligan
 Freddie Wadling as A-lagare
 Ebbot Lundberg as A-lagare
 Håkan Hellström as a Street musician

Critical response
The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from Swedish critics. Aftonbladet called it "Beats the most ever seen in the Swedish film", and gave it a rating of 5 out of 5. The rival newspaper, Expressen called it "Hellström knew what he was doing", and gave it a rating of 4 out of 5. The film site Moviezine, called it a "Musical treat", and gave it a rating of 4 out of 5.

Awards and nominations

49th Guldbagge Awards
For the 49th Guldbagge Awards, Shed No Tears was nominated for nine awards, some of which it won in the categories Best Editing and Best Sound Editing:

MovieZine Awards 2013
MovieZine did a poll at the end of 2013, in which readers got to vote for winners in various categories with substance Movie Year 2013, which Shed No Tears won in the category Best Swedish film, with 49% of the 2555 votes that was sent in. Adam Lundgren, also won the vote in the category Best Breakthrough for his role as Pål in the film.

References

External links
Official trailer

 Full list of employees associated with movie (in English)

Swedish musical films
Films directed by Måns Mårlind
Films directed by Björn Stein
Films shot in Gothenburg
Films set in Gothenburg
2010s Swedish-language films
2010s Swedish films


title: Rigedan

text:
Rigedan (, also Romanized as Rīgedān; also known as Regedān) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Sergan

text:
Sergan (, also Romanized as Sergān; also known as Sīrgān and Sīrkān) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 467, in 89 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Surkamp

text:
Surkamp (, also Romanized as Sūrkamp; also known as Sūr Kamb, Sūr Kamb, Surkhum, Sūrkhūn, Sūrkhūnī, Sūrkomb, and Surkum) is a village in Jahliyan Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 824, in 176 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Agund

text:
Agund (, also Romanized as Āgūnd; also known as Āgond) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 18 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Angurabad

text:
Angurabad (, also Romanized as Āngūrābād) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 612, in 139 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Bir-e Bala

text:
Bir-e Bala (, also Romanized as Bīr-e Bālā; also known as Bālād) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 181, in 47 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Bir-e Sofla

text:
Bir-e Sofla (, also Romanized as Bīr-e Soflá; also known as Karag) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 430, in 98 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Agond

text:
History
This village was settled by separating it from the ancient village of Seori.

Demographics
As of 2011 Indian Census, Agond had a total population of 7,450, of which 3,922 were males and 3,528 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 997. The total number of literates in Agond was 4,642, which constituted 62.3% of the population with male literacy of 67.8% and female literacy of 56.2%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Agond was 71.9%, of which male literacy rate was 78.4% and female literacy rate was 64.8%. The Scheduled Castes population was 1,741. Agond had 1338 households in 2011.

Nearby settlements
There is a transport system which links Agondh to the nearby towns of Nissing, Assandh, and Chirao, and larger cities such as Karnal or Kaithal

Facilities
There is a veterinary hospital in the village. A bank branch is also available with this. Farm medicine shops are also available in the village. Anganwadi centers are also built. Two Haryana Roadways buses are also available in the village.

References

Villages in Karnal district


title: Kriegsbrauch im Landkriege

text:
Kriegsbrauch im Landkriege (The Usages of War on Land) was a war conduct manual written by the General Staff of the German Army in 1902. Christian Meurer, one of Germany's foremost international lawyers, said in 1907 that the book was the authoritative statement of the laws of war by the organisation responsible for conduct in wartime.

The book claimed that during the nineteenth century attempts to regulate warfare had "completely failed":

But since the tendency of thought of the last century was dominated essentially by humanitarian considerations which not infrequently degenerated into sentimentality and flabby emotion there have not been wanting attempts to influence the development of the usages of war in a way which was in fundamental contradiction with the nature of war and its object.

Therefore, the German officer had to "guard himself against excessive humanitarian notions" in order to learn that "certain severities are indispensable to war, nay more, that the only true humanity very often lies in a ruthless application of them".

Brigadier-General J. H. Morgan translated the book into English and it was published by John Murray in January 1915.

Editions
The German War Book (London: John Murray, 1915).

Notes

Military handbooks and manuals
German Army (German Empire)
1902 books


title: Pete Johnson (rock critic)

text:
Pete Johnson was a music critic for the Los Angeles Times in the 1960s before being replaced by Robert Hilburn in 1970. In 1969, he wrote The History of Rock and Roll and appeared in another rockumentary, the Pop Chronicles.

In writing The History of Rock and Roll documentary, Johnson said: "I included nearly every record I ever rem[em]ber hearing".

After his work at Los Angeles Times, Johnson was editorial director of Circular, a promotional magazine published by Warner Bros.

Sample reviews
The Doors
The Grateful Dead
Steve Winwood
The Band

External links
History of Rock and Roll Demo
Pop Chronicles interviewed Johnson on 11.15.1967; he appears in shows [ 5, 8, 12], [ 35], [ 44, 45, and 50].

References

American music critics
Los Angeles Times people
Rock critics
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Birdaf

text:
Birdaf (, also Romanized as Bīrdaf; also known as Bīr) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 193, in 42 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Bir-e Rasul Bakhsh

text:
Bir-e Rasul Bakhsh (, also Romanized as Bīr-e Rasūl Bakhsh; also known as Bīr) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 279, in 63 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: List of bad luck signs

text:
Bad luck is an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate. This is a list of signs believed to bring bad luck according to superstitions.

List
Breaking a mirror is said to bring seven years of bad luck
A bird or flock of birds going from left to right (Auspicia) (Paganism)
Certain numbers:
The number 4. Fear of the number 4 is known as tetraphobia; in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages, the number sounds like the word for "death".
The number 9. Fear of the number 9 is known as enneaphobia, in Japanese culture; this is because it sounds like the Japanese word for "suffering".
The number 13. Fear of the number 13 is known as triskaidekaphobia.
The number 17. Fear of the number 17 is known as heptadecaphobia and is prominent in Italian culture.
The number 39. Fear of the number 39 is known as the curse of 39, especially in Afghan culture.
The number 43. In Japanese culture, maternity wards numbered 43 are considered taboo, as the word for the number means "still birth".
The number 666. Fear of the number 666 is known as hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia. Per Biblical prophesy, the "Number of "The Beast", is an evil takeover of humanity worldwide. Also called the "Mark of the Beast", wherein all humans will have it on their forehead or hand.
Friday the 13th (in Spain, Greece, and Georgia: Tuesday the 13th)
Failing to respond to a chain letter
Giving a clock as a gift in Chinese culture, as in Chinese, to give a clock () has the same pronunciation as "sending off for one's end" ().
Hanging a horseshoe with the ends pointing down, as it is believed that the luck will 'fall out'
Opening an umbrella while indoors
On the Isle of Man, rats are referred to as "longtails" as saying "rat" is considered bad luck.
Navajo culture:
pointing at a rainbow
throwing rocks into the wind
a coyote crossing one's path heading north
an owl flying over a house.
Placing chopsticks straight up in a bowl of rice in Chinese and Japanese culture is reminiscent of food offerings left for the dead.
Ravens, crows and magpies
Saying the word "Macbeth" or wishing someone "Good Luck" while inside a theatre
The substitutions "The Scottish Play" and "Break a leg" are used instead.
 Shoes on a table
 Placing a hat on a bed
Three on a match
 Tipping a salt shaker over
 Viewing one's doppelgänger may be considered a harbinger of bad luck
 Killing a ladybug
 Walking under a ladder
 Black cat crossing one's path
 Picking up a penny with the tails side up

See also
List of lucky symbols
Bad luck (disambiguation)
Theatrical superstitions
Faux pas derived from Chinese pronunciation
Sailors' superstitions#Bad luck

References

Curses
Lists of symbols


title: Bandar-e Tang

text:
Bandar-e Tang (, also Romanized as Bandar Tang; also known as Bandar-e Tank, Bandar Tānk, Tang, and Tānk) is a village in, and the capital of, Tang Rural District of Kahir District, Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,005 in 171 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,080 people in 214 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,504 people in 343 households.

References

Konarak County

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Willard Cochrane

text:
Willard Wesley Cochrane (May 15, 1914 – March 5, 2012) was an agricultural economist and a leading architect of farm policy in the United States.

He was born in 1914 in California and went on to earn degrees at the University of California, Berkeley, Montana State University and Harvard University, where he received his Ph.D.

In the late 1930s and 1940s, he served in government and United Nations agricultural agencies. He served in the Navy during World War II. He became Professor of agricultural economics at the University of Minnesota in 1951.

During the 1960s he was U.S. Department of Agriculture's head agricultural economist under U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman. During this time he developed proposals for supply management policy and a national food stamp program.

He was an advocate of sustainable family farming and coined the concept of the technology treadmill. He was opposed to government commodity program payments and an early advocate of set aside programs to benefit conservation.

Bibliography
Cochrane wrote a dozen books on farm policy. His last book, about sustainable family farming, was published in 2003.

 "The economics of consumption: Economics of decision making in the household" (1956), with Carolyn Shaw Bell
 "Farm Prices: Myth and Reality" (1958)
 "The City Man's Guide to the Farm Problem" (1965)
 "The World Food Problem A Guardedly Optimistic View" (1969)
 "Economics of American Agriculture" (1974), with Walter W. Wilcox & Robert W. Herdt
 "Agricultural Development Planning: Economic Concepts, Administrative Procedures and Political Processes" (1974)
 "American Farm Policy, 1948-73" (1976), with Mary E. Ryan
 "Agricultural Economics At The University Of Minnesota 1886- 1979" (1983)
 "The Long, Slow Slide Into Economic Mediocrity" (1991)
 "Reforming Farm Policy: Toward a National Agenda" (1992), with C. Ford Runge
 "The Development of American Agriculture: A Historical Analysis" (1993)
 "The Curse of American Agricultural Abundance: A Sustainable Solution" (2003)

References

Further reading
 "Willard Cochrane and the American Family Farm", Richard Levins, 2000

Agricultural economists
1914 births
2012 deaths
Economists from California
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Montana State University alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
People from Fresno, California


title: Wolfgang Schulhoff

text:
Wolfgang Schulhoff (14 December 1939 – 17 February 2014) was a German politician. He was a member of the Bundestag, representing Düsseldorf. He was also a member of the CDU.

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002
Members of the Bundestag 1994–1998
Members of the Bundestag 1990–1994
Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia


title: State Highway 76 (New Zealand)

text:
State Highway 76 (SH 76) is a state highway in Christchurch, New Zealand. This highway was gazetted in 2012 after stage 1 of the Christchurch Southern Motorway was completed. Beforehand, much of SH 76 was part of SH 73 and included the former two-lane Christchurch Arterial Motorway, which was upgraded to four lanes. SH 76 includes the entire length of the Christchurch Southern Motorway and forms the most direct route from the south of Christchurch to the city centre and Lyttelton.

Route
The highway currently begins at a grade separated intersection with SH 74 on the northern approach to the Lyttelton road tunnel. It travels east to west through suburban Christchurch via Port Hills Road, Opawa Road and Brougham Street. This section of road used to be part of SH 73 and the speed limit is mostly . At the western end of Brougham Street at the Collins Street/Simeon Street lights, the Christchurch Southern Motorway commences. The speed limit here is . Midway up the motorway is the Curletts Road interchange, a major interchange where two state highways commence: SH 75 to Akaroa via Banks Peninsula and SH 73 to the West Coast via Arthur's Pass.

The motorway continues west for 7.5 kilometres, passing under the Halswell Junction Road and Shands Road interchanges, eventually terminating at SH 1 just north of Rolleston.

Major intersections

Future
As part of the government's Roads of National Significance, stage 2 of the Christchurch Southern Motorway commenced construction in October 2016. This extended SH 76 to terminate with SH 1 further west near the intersection of Robinsons Road.

See also
List of New Zealand state highways

References

76
Transport in Canterbury, New Zealand


title: Chegerdanlash

text:
Chegerdanlash (, also Romanized as Chegerdānlāsh) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 463, in 96 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Chahar Biti

text:
Chahar Biti (, also Romanized as Chahār Bītī; also known as Chahār Bīd, Chahār Bīdī, Charta Bīt, Kahīr, and Kahīr-e Chenār Bīd) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 333, in 62 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Deji, Konarak

text:
Deji (, also Romanized as Dejī) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 61, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County

Deji is a Game.


title: Derangu

text:
Derangu (, also Romanized as Derangū and Drāngow; also known as Drango) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 180, in 44 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Partners for Progressive Israel

text:
Partners for Progressive Israel is an American non-governmental organization and registered 501(c)(3) dedicated to the achievement of a durable, secure, and just peace between Israel and its neighbors, including a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Partners for Progressive Israel is devoted to civil rights in Israel and to human rights throughout the area under Israel’s control, as well as to social justice, equality, religious freedom, and environmentalism. Partners for Progressive Israel seeks to deepen American Jews’ understanding of the complexities of Israeli society in order to enhance their advocacy for a progressive Israel.

Activities
Partners for Progressive Israel is the American branch of the World Union of Meretz.
The organization's activities in the U.S. include:
 A webinar series, entitled “Conversations with Israel and Palestine”
 Kolot – Voices of Hope: Profiles of progressive civil society work being done by organizations and individuals in Israel
 Israel Horizons – relaunched in 2017 as an online magazine that informs its readers about the activities, ideas, and issues of the Israeli left and its American supporters. (The original Israel Horizons magazine was published by the organization in print from 1952 until 2011. It was founded by journalist Richard Yaffe, Avraham Schenker, Valia Hirsch, Moshe Kagan and Zvi Lurie.
 Public lectures and events
 Theodore Bikel Peace and Justice Internship Program (formerly the “Intern in Israel Initiative”), awarding grants to young activists who volunteer in Israel to advance civil and human rights, social and environmental justice, women’s rights, or LGBTQ rights
 A regularly updated blog
 Participation in the Celebrate Israel Parade as a member of the "progressive cluster" with the New Israel Fund, Ameinu, Americans for Peace Now, B’Tselem USA, and T'ruah (formerly Rabbis for Human Rights-North America).
 Street demonstrations

The organization's activities in Israel include:
 The Israel Symposium, an annual week-long study trip to Israel. Symposium participants meet with Israeli and Palestinian officials, as well as with activists and journalists.
 Participation in the elections to and the meetings of the World Zionist Congress, the governing  body of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). In recent years, Partners for Progressive Israel has been a leading organization in the progressive Zionist Hatikvah Slate, which has sent U.S. delegates and alternates to the World Zionist Congress. In 2015, the slate won eight delegates and sixteen alternates, up from five and ten, respectively, the previous election. In February, 2015, Partners for Progressive Israel delegates to the Va’ad Hapoel (General Council) of the WZO, which meets between Congresses, working with colleagues in the U.S. and elsewhere from the World Labour Zionist Movement and Arzenu (representing the Reform Zionist stream), proposed, and ultimately passed, two resolutions as part of a wider campaign to take back control of the budget of the Settlement Division of the WZO from the Israeli government. Both resolutions passed by wide margins.

Partners for Progressive Israel has its national offices in New York City.

Progressive Israel Network

Partners for Progressive Israel is a founding member of the Progressive Israel Network, created in June 2019. Like the other members of the Progressive Israel Network, Partners for Progressive Israel opposes any boycotts of Israel and specifically opposes the BDS campaign.

History
Partners for Progressive Israel (known originally as Meretz USA, between 1997 and 2011) arose as a merger of several progressive Zionist groups – the Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace, which promoted the values of the liberal party, Ratz (the “Movement for Civil Rights and Peace”); Americans for Progressive Israel, which promoted the values of the social-democratic party, Mapam (“United Workers Party”); and the American Friends of Ratz, which had originally been formed to provide financial support for the Ratz party in Israel – until changes in Israeli law limiting parties to contributions from individuals with Israeli citizenship made this no longer possible.

Philosophically, Partners for Progressive Israel represents an integration of two strands of progressive Zionism: Socialist Zionism and Labor Zionism. Socialist Zionism's principles focused on shared society, peace, and social justice.

Following the merger, Meretz USA engaged in advocacy for peaceful negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians and worked to promote an open debate among American Jews about the realization of liberal values in Israel.

The newly merged Meretz USA applied for membership in the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, but was rejected on repeated occasions. The reasons cited for the rejection included insufficient membership and budget, but some suspected that the rejection was due to the organization's left-leaning orientation.

In 2011, Meretz USA issued a call to buy products made in Israel while refraining from the purchase of products manufactured in Israeli settlements established beyond the Green Line, i.e., the line separating the State of Israel from the territories controlled by Israel beyond the country's internationally recognized boundaries. The campaign was intended to clarify the organization's opposition to an indiscriminate boycott of Israel while reasserting the line between such territories and Israel proper. "Please boycott these brands of food and produce," Partners for Progressive Israel announced on its website in an article entitled "Buy Israeli Produce – Don’t Buy Settlement Produce (They’re not the Same)." Meretz USA President, Dr. Moises Salinas-Fleitman, and Executive Director Ron Skolnik issued the following statement on behalf of the organization calling to refrain from buying Ahava cosmetics, SodaStream carbonated beverage products and Psagot wine and other products.

In mid-2011, Meretz USA changed its name to Partners for Progressive Israel due to confusion caused by its former name and to better reflect the organization's objective of bringing together Israelis and Americans who support a progressive Israel and Zionist movement."

In 2019, Partners for Progressive Israel, together with other organizations in what would become the Progressive Israel Network, signed letters in support of two resolutions approved by the House of Representatives: H. Res. 246, which expressed opposition to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement and support for a negotiated Israeli-Palestinian two-state solution; and H. Res 326, which expressed support for a two-state solution and opposition to a unilateral annexation of territory by Israel.

Earlier History: Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace

The Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace was established in 1991 as a nonprofit organization that would educate Americans on questions of democracy and equal rights in Israel and peace between Israel and the Palestinian people.

Among its original founders were Harold M. Shapiro and Arthur Obermayer. Shapiro was inspired by a visit to Israel in which he met with Meretz party leadership, prompting him to form an organization that would promote that party's values and principles in the United States. Obermayer's involvement followed a trip to Israel and Egypt, from which he returned optimistic about the chances for Israeli-Arab peace.

Earlier History: Americans for Progressive Israel

Americans for Progressive Israel, one of the organizations that merged into Partners for Progressive Israel, had roots in the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, which was founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary. In 1946-1947, adult former members of Hashomer Hatzair in the United States, who due to World War II were unable to move to the Yishuv (pre-statehood Israel), came together and created the Progressive Zionist League (PZL).

In the years immediately following Israel's independence, PZL members sought a means for involving people not from the Hashomer Hatzair movement to share in the political activities; in 1950, PZL formed a related group, Americans for Progressive Israel (API). API was active in promoting peaceful relations between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs. In 1952, PZL began publication of a magazine, Israel Horizons. Taken over by API a few years after it was formed, Israel Horizons continued print publication until 2011. When the PZL folded in the 1950s, API assumed the mantle of the adult "arm" of the movement represented by Hashomer Hatzair, as well as PZL's representation in the American Zionist movement and its diverse organizations.

In 1954-55, PZL and PIP merged to form Americans for Progressive Israel–Hashomer Hatzair (API-HH).

Immediately following the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War, API-HH was the first Zionist group in the United States to call for direct negotiations between the government of the State of Israel and the Arab states. Many of API-HH's leaders joined with several other left-Zionists in the U.S. to create a number of peace-seeking American Zionist organizations, including such groups as Breira and Americans for Peace Now.

API-HH also founded a youth organization, Young Americans for Progressive Israel (YAPI).

In 1979, API-HH gave its support to another group of post-college young adults, the “Mordechai Anielewicz Circle of API,” named after the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943.

In Israel, many of those adults who had been members of Hashomer Hatzair in the U.S. who had made aliya (moved to Israel) became active in Mapam (the United Workers Party), the political party that was formed to represent the views of the Kibbutz Artzi Federation of Hashomer Hatzair, together with their urban socialists counterparts. In 1992, Mapam, which had been among the first political parties in Israel to discuss openly the need to negotiate with the Palestinians,  coalesced with two other parties—Ratz and Shinui—under a single ideological banner of peace - the Meretz party, which would include peace-driven politicians such as Shulamit Aloni, Amnon Rubenstein, and, later, Yossi Beilin. In the mid-1990s, Meretz was Yitzhak Rabin's most supportive coalition partner in the pursuit of a negotiated agreement with the Palestinians.

In the United States in 1997, API merged with two overlapping organizations, American Friends of Ratz — formed to provide financial support for the Ratz party in Israel — and the Education Fund for Israeli Civil Rights and Peace — formed as a non-profit to promote Ratz's values in the United States. The merger of these three groups gave birth to Meretz USA.

References

External links
 Official website
 Partners for Progressive Israel on Facebook
 Partners for Progressive Israel on Twitter

Zionist organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 1992
American Zionist Movement
Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Peace organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in New York City
Israeli–Palestinian peace process
Meretz


title: Gowdan

text:
Gowdan (; also known as Godan) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 338, in 73 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County


title: Video Anthology (video)

text:
Video Anthology is the fourth video album by American recording group Destiny's Child. It is a sixteen-music video collection, filmed by the group with various directors during their music career (1997 – 2005). The album was produced by Akil Brown with members  Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams and their manager Mathew Knowles also serving as executive producers. To promote the album, Destiny's Child collaborated with several publications which offered copies to their readers through their websites. The album was first released on May 31, 2013 through Columbia Records. Upon its release, it received positive reviews from music critics who praised the visuals included complete with the accompanying choreography. However, one writer felt the album was incomplete and argued that many videos were omitted from the track listing.

Background and release
The album was announced via a press release on Destiny's Child's website on April 16, 2013. It was released through Music World Entertainment, Columbia Records, and Legacy Recordings, and was the group's third record release with the latter. Video Anthology contained sixteen music videos for fourteen songs filmed throughout the band's music career. It was produced by Akil Brown with members Beyoncé, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams as well as their manager Mathew Knowles serving as executive producers. All the featured videos are presented in an aspect ratio – 1.33:1.

The cover artwork used for the release of the DVD is taken from the music video of "Cater 2 U" (2005) directed by Jake Nava and it features the members of Destiny's Child dressed in long form-fitting blue fishtail evening dresses; it was shot at Red Rock Canyon State Park in California by photographer Daniel Moss. For the release, Destiny's Child partnered with the website TheDrop.fm on May 21, 2013 which offered a prize pack to its readers featuring the album, two T-shirts and the group's tourbook. Jet magazine also organized a contest on its official website offering to give away five copies of the DVD. A similar contest was organized on Juicy magazines official website, offering five copies from the album to five of its readers. To further promote the album, the group was featured on the R&B division of the Vevo channel at YouTube on June 4, 2013. Video Anthology was first released in the UK and Germany on May 31, 2013. It was later released in the US on June 4 and on the country's iTunes Store two days later, while the following day it was released in Australia. In Japan, Video Anthology was released on June 26, 2013.

Reception
Gregory Heaney from the website AllMusic positively reviewed the video album, writing, "[it] combines the group's considerable vocal talents with their amazing choreography, delivering the total Destiny's Child package as a video greatest-hits compilation". Jacob Rohn from the website Black Entertainment Television (BET) felt that "While each later became a star in their own right, Destiny's Child as a group was known for their edgy and visually magnetic videos". He further finished his review by writing, "Destiny's Child's Video Anthology is a must-have for any DC fan and anyone that misses the time when music videos were at their peak." A writer of ABC News Radio similarly noted that the album was created for "fans who studied all their moves" and remember the choreography. Tanner Stransky of Entertainment Weekly felt the album was the most "indulgent" memory trip to the period of the late-1990s and early-2000s memory lane. He further described the videos as "gaudy, stupid fun". However, a more mixed review came from The Morton Report writer Chaz Lipp who felt that the album was incomplete and noted that eight other videos from the group's videography were not released. He remarked that the unreleased videos for the songs, most notably the ones from the holiday album 8 Days of Christmas could have been included as bonus selections. Lipp concluded that Video Anthology "hits its peak with the group's best single, the irresistibly funky 'Bootylicious'".

Track listing

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
A&R – Henry Towns
Art direction, design – Rob Carter
Project direction – Tara Master
Executive producer – Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Michelle Williams, Mathew Knowles
Authoring – Mike Nack
Front cover photography – Daniel Moss
Record producer – Akil Brown
Product manager – Tim Anderson
Featured artists – Wyclef Jean, Missy Elliott, T.I., Lil Wayne

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
Destiny's Child Vevo page on YouTube featuring their music videos

2013 albums
2013 video albums
Destiny's Child video albums


title: Jugin

text:
Jugin (, also Romanized as Jūgīn and Jowgīn; also known as Jūgan and Jowgan) is a village in Kahir Rural District, in the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Konarak County