title: Refugee health care in Canada

text:
Refugee health care is the provision of health services to refugees and refugee claimants. As early as 2009, health researchers identified particular medical needs and health vulnerabilities amongst these populations. Compared to other immigrants, they report more physical, emotional, and dental problems and, compared to those born in Canada, they have higher rates of infections and chronic diseases that are both treatable and preventable.

In Canada, the federal government has been responsible for the provision of health care to refugees since 1957. Under international law, this responsibility falls under Canada's human rights obligations to recognize the right to health for all, including refugees.

Right to health

International law

The concept of a “right to health” has been recognized in a number of international rights instruments to which Canada is a party. It was first articulated in the 1946 Constitution of the World Health Organization as “the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health." Article 25 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights also mentions the right to health as part of the right to an adequate standard of living.  Some international human rights instruments acknowledge a right to health by general application and others through the protection of rights of specific groups such as women or children.  In 1966, the right to health was recognized as a human right in article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which imposes an obligation on state parties to the Covenant to create “conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention in the event of sickness”.

Canadian law

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms does not include any express protection of the right to health. The Canadian government has frequently argued in court that social and economic rights—including the right to health—are merely ‘policy objectives’ that are not subject to judicial intervention. The ICESCR Committee has voiced concern over Canada's lack of compliance to these international obligations. It argues that such submissions are incompatible with Canada's obligations to provide remedies to violations of Covenant rights in domestic law.

Charter Cases

Right to health claims under the Charters section 15 equality provision have had limited success. In Eldridge v. British Columbia, in the context of the provision of sign language, the Supreme Court found that the government should ensure that disadvantaged members of society have equal access to benefits. The Court noted that any finding to the contrary would result in a “thin and impoverished view… of equality”. In a later case about the provision of autism services, Auton v. British Columbia, the Court narrowed the Eldridge approach by requiring that protected benefits be ones “provided by law”.

Though a substantive equality approach to section 15 has had limited success in remedying health and other social and economic rights violations of disadvantaged groups, Colleen Flood, one of Canada's leading health law professors, argues that failed claims can contribute to furthering equality by illuminating a problem and generating political support for its resolution.

 Interim Federal Health Programme (IFHP)

In Canada, the provision of basic health care for refugees and refugee claimants is regulated by the Interim Federal Health Programme (IFHP''') before they are covered by provincial or territorial health insurance plans. The IFHP was introduced through an Order in Council by the federal government in 1957, and has been managed by Citizenship and Immigration Canada since 1995.

Prior to June 2012, the IFHP provided refugees and asylum seekers with basic health care coverage as well as supplemental coverage including access to medication, dentistry, and vision care. Those whose application for refugee status were denied retained coverage until they were deported.

 2012 Reform

The Canadian government introduced a series of changes in April 2012. As of its date of effect on 30 June 2012, IFHP divides asylum seekers into three categories with differing levels of health coverage depending upon the person's country of origin. There are now three baskets of services:

 expanded health care coverage;
 health care coverage; and
 public health or public safety health care coverage.

If the refugee claimant is from a designated country of origin, they will receive “very limited” health coverage. Some of the provinces have stepped in to cover services and medication no longer provided under the IFHP.

 Government rationale
In defending the changes, the government explained its rationale as being to ensure equality between the health care received by refugees and that afforded to Canadians such that refugees would not receive superior benefits. Former Citizenship and Immigration Minister Jason Kenney emphasized the generosity of Canadians and Canada's immigration system, stating that the government did “not want to ask Canadians to pay for benefits for protected persons and refugee claimants that are more generous than what they are entitled to themselves.” In a related case, Nell Toussaint v. Attorney General of Canada, the Supreme Court cautioned that by extending universal health care regardless of immigration status, Canada “could become a health-care safe haven.”

The government also made cost and deterrence arguments in favour of reforming the legislation. These changes were estimated to save $100 million over five years. The government argued that the cuts would deter claimants who are drawn to the country for its health care.

Public criticism

Critics of the 2012 reforms include the Canadian Medical Association Journal and the Canadian Paediatric Society.Samson, Lindy, and Charles Hui. Cuts to Refugee Health Program Put Children and Youth at Risk. Canadian Paediatric Association, 2012. The heads of eight major professional associations including nurses, social workers, and physicians signed a letter opposing the cuts, demanding that pre-2012 refugee health provision be restored. These advocates argue that the differential treatment of refugees and refugee applicants depending on their country of origin is discriminatory. Ontario's Health Minister Deb Matthews called for the changes to be reversed stating that “this policy change will create a class system for health care in Canada.”

Legal challenges of right to health

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms does not include any express protection of the right to health, but this right has been protected indirectly by Courts through the use of other provisions, such as the section 15 equality guarantee. Cousins Section 15(1) provides that:[E]very individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.The current legal test for a section 15 equality analysis comes from Andrews as affirmed in R v Kapp. It requires that the court satisfy two conditions: (1) the law creates a distinction based on an analogous or enumerated ground; and (2) the distinction creates a disadvantage by perpetuating prejudice or stereotyping.

 CDRC and CARL litigation
The right to health has been litigated under Charter provisions outside of section 15. In December 2013, the Canadian Doctors for Refugee Care (CDRC) and the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers (CARL) brought a challenge to the Federal Court of Canada claiming that the government's cuts to refugee health care were unconstitutional. Specifically, CARL proposes that both “country of origin” and “immigration status” are discriminatory grounds under section 15(1) of the Charter.

The CDRC/CARL challenge to the IFHP reforms is founded on two additional Charter provisions:

 the right to life and security of the person under section 7; and
 the right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual treatment under section 12.

Nell Toussaint v. Attorney General

Prior to the 2012 reforms, in Nell Toussaint v Attorney General, Toussaint challenged the constitutionality of the IFHP on the basis of the proposed analogous grounds of disability and citizenship. The Court found neither of these grounds to be applicable to the claimant in question, but made a point of leaving open the question as to whether immigration status could be an analogous ground. If found to be an analogous ground, the applicant's exclusion from IFHP coverage could have been in violation of section 15(1) of the Charter.

The Canadian Civil Liberties Association, in its intervenor factum, drew a comparison between immigration status and non-citizens. A number of cases have recognized that non-citizens, which capture many different types of immigration statuses, constitute an analogous ground under section 15(1). For example, in Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia, the Court held that citizenship is an analogous ground since it was a personal characteristic “typically not within the control of the individual, and in this sense, is immutable.” In Lavoie v. Canada'', the Court held that “non-citizens suffer from political marginalization, stereotyping and historical disadvantage.”

Quality of healthcare

Women's health
Recent studies have identified significant gaps in health care coverage for female refugees, particularly in the areas of pregnancy and mental health care. Specifically, barriers to health care access such financial difficulty have been shown to intersect with other post migration difficulties experienced by women with migrant status like downward social mobility, poor access to optimal nutrition, and limited social networks. Moreover, women with migrant status are more vulnerable to being refused care on the basis of their insurance status, thereby relying on informal networks of volunteers and willing physicians, dentists, and pharmacies.

Disparities have further been identified in the area of perinatal care, where uninsured migrant women are shown to receive less overall coverage than their insured counterparts, in addition to paying for diagnostic, physician, and hospital fees, leading to less than optimal outcomes. Mental health issues among female Syrian refugees have been examined, specifically instances of maternal depression. Causes for these mental health issues are varied and include lack of social support, in addition to cultural and socioeconomic factors. Further, migrant and refugee women are more likely to succumb to postpartum depression due to the additional stressors of the migratory experience.

Language barriers
Access to health care for refugees and other migrant populations has been constrained by language barriers, among other cultural factors. A 2012 study showed that roughly sixty percent of government-assisted refugees had no English or French language skills, therefore acting as a deterrent to accessing proper health care. Concerns over privacy are also significant, as some women have expressed reluctance to using interpreters within the same, small ethnic community. However, proper interpreter training may help bridge the gaps between patient and health practitioner, as is the case in British Columbia where the Provincial Health Services Authority trained thirty interpreters in anticipation of the arrival of 3,500 Syrian refugees in 2016.

Mental health
Steady declines in migrant health have been noted to occur within a few years of arrival in Canada, a phenomenon known as the "healthy immigrant effect," due largely to Canadian immigration policy and medical evaluations of potential immigration candidates.

In a study of Tamil and Iranian female refugees in Canada, instances of mental symptoms such as recurring nightmares, emotional detachment, hyper vigilance, and difficulty concentrating have been noted. Moreover, it has been observed that youth who have experienced living as refugees demonstrate higher levels of emotional problems and aggressive behaviors due to past traumas. It was further noted that instances of post arrival trauma, in the form of discrimination based on race or refugee status, have significant negative effects on mental outcomes for youth.

A study on political violence asylum seekers detained in Canada also found that post-migration immigration status predicted the development of PTSD symptoms almost as strongly as rape or sexual assault. Financial and legal insecurity similarly predicted elevated rates of PTSD symptoms.

References

Healthcare in Canada


title: List of Newcastle Jets FC records and statistics

text:
Newcastle Jets Football Club is an Australian professional association football club based in Newcastle, New South Wales. The club was formed in 2000 as Newcastle United before being renamed as Newcastle Jets in 2005. After spending their first four seasons participating in the National Soccer League, Newcastle became the first of three New South Wales members admitted to the A-League Men along with the Central Coast Mariners and Sydney FC.

The list encompasses the honours won by the Newcastle Jets at national and friendly level, records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records section itemises the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions.

Newcastle have won one top-flight title. The club's record appearance maker is Jason Hoffman, who has currently made 218 appearances from 2008 to the present day. Joel Griffiths is Newcastle Jets' record goalscorer, scoring 61 goals in total.

All figures are correct as of the match played on 27 January 2023.

Honours and achievements

Domestic
 National Soccer League (until 2004) and A-League Men Premiership
 Runners-up (1): 2001–02

 National Soccer League (until 2004) and A-League Men Championship
 Winners (1): 2007–08
 Runners-up (1): 2017–18

Other

Pre-season
 Surf City Cup
 Runners-up (1): 2019

Player records

Appearances
 Most league appearances: Jason Hoffman, 200
 Most Australia Cup appearances: Jason Hoffman, 8
 Youngest first-team player: Archie Goodwin, 16 years, 106 days (against Melbourne Victory, A-League, 21 February 2021)
 Oldest first-team player: Wes Hoolahan, 37 years, 308 days (against Melbourne City, A-League, 23 March 2020)
 Most consecutive appearances: Steven Ugarkovic, 113 (from 13 February 2017 — 27 March 2021)

Most appearances
Competitive matches only, includes appearances as substitute. Numbers in brackets indicate goals scored.

a. Includes the National Soccer League and A-League Men.
b. Includes the A-League Pre-Season Challenge Cup and Australia Cup
c. Includes goals and appearances (including those as a substitute) in the 2005 Australian Club World Championship Qualifying Tournament.

Goalscorers
 First goalscorer: Anthony Surjan (against Eastern Pride, National Soccer League, 14 October 2000)
 First A-League Men goalscorer: Ante Milicic (against Central Coast Mariners, 4 September 2005)
 First hat-trick scorer: Joel Griffiths (against Northern Spirit, National Soccer League, 4 October 2002)
 First A-League Men hat-trick scorer: Ante Milicic (against New Zealand Knights, A-League, 4 November 2005)
 Youngest goalscorer: Archie Goodwin, 16 years, 151 days (against Melbourne City, A-League, 10 June 2021)
 Oldest goalscorer: Wes Hoolahan, 37 years, 93 days (against Edgeworth, FFA Cup, 21 August 2019)

Top goalscorers
Competitive matches only. Numbers in brackets indicate appearances made.

a. Includes the National Soccer League and A-League Men.
b. Includes the A-League Pre-Season Challenge Cup and Australia Cup
c. Includes goals and appearances (including those as a substitute) in the 2005 Australian Club World Championship Qualifying Tournament.

International
This section refers to caps won while a Newcastle Jets player.

 First capped player: Chris Zoricich for New Zealand against Malaysia on 19 August 2000

Managerial records

 First full-time manager: Lee Sterrey managed Newcastle Jets from July 2000 to June 2001.
 Longest-serving manager: Ian Crook —  (1 July 2001 to 30 June 2004)
 Shortest tenure as manager: Phil Stubbins — 2 weeks, 6 days (5 May 2015 to 25 May 2015)

Club records

Matches

Firsts
 First match: Eastern Pride 1–1 Newcastle United, National Soccer League, 14 October 2000
 First A-League Men match: Newcastle Jets 0–1 Adelaide United, 26 August 2005
 First national cup match: Newcastle Jets 1–1 Melbourne Victory, A-League Pre-Season Challenge Cup group stage, 22 July 2005
 First Asian match: Beijing Guoan 2–0 Newcastle Jets, AFC Champions League group stage, 10 March 2009
In 2023 the club broke the record for the longest game of football it lasted 4 hours last record was in 1946 Donscaster v Stockport

Record wins
 Record league win: 8–2 against Central Coast Mariners, A-League, 14 August 2018
 Record national cup win: 5–1 against Edgeworth, Round of 16, 21 August 2019
 Record Asian win:
 2–0 against Ulsan Hyundai, AFC Champions League group stage, 17 March 2009
 3–1 against Persija Jakarta, AFC Champions League second qualifying round, 12 January 2019

Record defeats
 Record league defeat: 0–7 against Adelaide United, A-League, 24 January 2015
 Record national cup defeat: 1–4 against Adelaide United, A-League Pre-Season Challenge Cup group stage, 27 July 2007
 Record Asian defeat: 0–6 against Pohang Steelers, AFC Champions League group stage, 20 May 2009

Record consecutive results
 Record consecutive wins: 4
 from 4 January 2008 to 27 January 2008
 from 29 November 2009 to 20 December 2009
 from 20 April 2019 to 21 August 2019
 Record consecutive defeats: 7
 from 5 March 2017 to 9 August 2017
 from 28 February 2021 to 10 April 2021
 Record consecutive matches without a defeat: 7
 from 14 October 2005 to 25 November 2005
 from 4 August 2007 to 21 September 2007
 from 13 November 2010 to 15 December 2010
 Record consecutive matches without a win: 17, from 26 January 2006 to 8 October 2006
 Record consecutive matches without conceding a goal: 3
 from 11 November 2005 to 25 November 2005
 from 6 January 2006 to 22 January 2006
 from 4 December 2010 to 15 December 2010
 from 5 January 2013 to 19 January 2013
 from 24 July 2020 to 13 August 2020
 from 7 February 2021 to 21 February 2021
 from 18 March 2022 to 30 March 2022
 Record consecutive matches without scoring a goal: 6
 from 4 December 2015 to 9 January 2016
 from 18 March 2017 to 9 August 2017

Goals
 Most league goals scored in a season: 57 in 27 matches, A-League, 2017–18
 Fewest league goals scored in a season: 18 in 24 matches, National Soccer League, 2003–04
 Most league goals conceded in a season: 56 in 30 matches, National Soccer League, 2000–01
 Fewest league goals conceded in a season: 21 in 24 matches, National Soccer League, 2001–02

Points
 Most points in a season: 50 in 27 matches, A-League, 2017–18
 Fewest points in a season: 17 in 27 matches, A-League, 2014–15

References

External links
 Official website

Newcastle Jets
Newcastle Jets FC


title: California First National Bancorp

text:
Headquartered in California, California First National Bancorp is a registered financial holding company for California First National Bank and California First Leasing Corp. The company currently operates with two primary businesses including an FDIC-insured national bank and a leading leasing company specializing in financing high-technology capital assets.  The company offers various leasing and banking services including leasing and financing capital assets, leasing non-high technology property, accepting various deposit products and various commercial loans for corporations, companies, educational institute and other social organizations.

References

External links

Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Banks established in 1977
Banks based in California
Financial services companies of the United States
Holding companies of the United States
Holding companies established in 1977
1977 establishments in California
American companies established in 1977


title: On the Corner of Miles and Gil

text:
...The Corner of Miles and Gil is the fifth and, to date, final album by English alternative rock band Shack, released in 2006. While the album was not a high-seller, only reaching number 55 on the UK Albums Chart, it was critically acclaimed.

The album was released on Noel Gallagher's Sour Mash label, and the band supported Oasis on live dates in 2006 promoting the album.

The album's title was a reference to the musical partnership between Miles Davis and Gil Evans, a cited influence of Michael Head's music.

Track listing
All songs written by Mick Head except when noted.
"Tie Me Down" - 3:33
"Butterfly" (John Head) - 4:50
"Cup of Tea" - 3:35
"Shelley Brown" - 4:25
"Black & White" - 5:13
"New Day" (John Head) - 3:54
"Miles Away" - 5:31
"Finn, Sophie, Bobby & Lance" - 4:18
"Moonshine" (John Head) - 4:02
"Funny Things" - 2:21
"Find a Place" (John Head) - 5:47
"Closer" - 5:24

Personnel
Shack
Mick Head - acoustic guitar, vocals
John Head - electric guitar, vocals
Peter Wilkinson - bass guitar, vocals
Iain Templeton - drums, percussion, vocals
with:
David "Yorkie" Palmer - keyboards, synthesizer, arrangements
Tim O'Shea - guitar (track 11)
Simon Wolstonecroft - bass guitar (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)
Simon James - tenor and baritone saxophone, flute, recorder (tracks 9,10)
Andy Frizell - alto and baritone saxophone, alto flute (tracks 9,10)
Gillian Bould - trombone (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)
Alan Bould - horn (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)
Barry Taylor - euphonium (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)
Alex Marks, Celia Goodwin - violin (tracks 1,4,5,7,11,12)
John Robert Shepley - viola (tracks 1,4,5,7,11,12)
Gethyn Jones - cello (tracks 1,4,5,7,11,12)
Alan Rimmer, John O'Hare - cornet (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)
Joanna Head - backing vocals (track 4)
The Light Fantastic String Quartet - strings (tracks 1,4,5,7,11,12)
The Tartleton & District Brass Band - brass (tracks 1,2,5-7,12)

References

2006 albums
Shack (band) albums


title: Prasophyllum correctum

text:
Prasophyllum correctum, commonly known as the gaping leek orchid or Bairnsdale leek orchid, is a species of orchid species endemic to a small region in Victoria. It has a single dark green, tube-shaped leaf and up to twenty strongly scented, yellowish-green flowers and is only known from railway reserves near Bairnsdale.

Description
Prasophyllum correctum is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped, yellowish-green leaf which is  long and  wide near its red to purple base. Between ten and twenty strongly scented, yellowish-green flowers are arranged along a flowering spike  long, reaching to a height of . As with other leek orchids, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is linear to egg-shaped,  long, about  wide and turns downwards, almost to vertical. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped,  long, about  wide and free from each other. The petals are egg-shaped to lance-shaped,  long, about  wide and upswept with brown striations. The labellum is oblong to egg-shaped,  long, about  wide, curves upwards and tapers towards a narrow tip, sometimes reaching above the lateral sepals. The edges of the labellum are usually not crinkled or wavy but there is a fleshy, green, grooved callus in its centre. Flowering occurs in October and November.

Taxonomy and naming
Prasophyllum correctum was first formally described in 1994 by David Jones from a specimen collected near Stratford and the description was published in the journal Novon.

When David Jones described an apparently new species of Prasophyllum collected in 1991 near Bairnsdale, he gave it the name P. chasmogamum. It was later found that the orchid described was in fact Prasophyllum pyriforme and another specimen of a new species collected at the same site had been overlooked. The overlooked specimen was given the specific epithet (correctum) in recognition of the earlier mistake.

Distribution and habitat
The gaping leek orchid leek orchid grows in grassland and woodland in two locations between Stratford and Bairnsdale.

Conservation
Prasophyllum correctum is only known from two locations with a total population of fewer than 150 plants. It is classified as Threatened under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and as Endangered under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act. The main threats to the species are competition from other plants including introduced species, grazing by rabbits and inappropriate fire regimes.

References

correctum
Flora of Victoria (state)
Endemic orchids of Australia
Plants described in 1994


title: Bercthun

text:
Bercthun of  Beverley (died 15 May 733) also known as Bertin and Britwin, Berhthu or Beorhthun,  was an eighth century Anglo Saxon Saint.

He was a (Benedictine) monk of Beverley, a disciple of John of Beverley and Bede's informant about much of Bedes history regarding Beverley. Latter in life he became the Abbot of Beverley. He was also known from the secgan hagiographies.

A  Bust of Bercthun is thought to be kept in the British Library.

In 733 AD he died on the 15 May, on which day his feast was locally kept. A feast day was celebrated locally in his honour on the date of his death.

References

Year of birth unknown
733 deaths
Medieval English saints
8th-century Christian saints
7th-century births
Northumbrian saints
8th-century English clergy
Roman Catholic monks
English Christian monks
People from Beverley


title: Achalananda

text:
Achalananda (born Kedarnath Moulik in 1876, died 1947), popularly known as Kedar Baba, was a direct monastic disciple of Vivekananda and the founder of Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service, in Varanasi. He initially worked as a policeman, but was then influenced by the ideology of Vivekananda.

Pre-monastic days
Kedarnath Moulik was born in the year 1876, though the date is not known. He was born and educated in Varanasi (Benares). His father's name was Shambhu Chandra Moulik and his ancestral home was situated in the area called Sonarpura. He lost his mother in early childhood and was brought up under the care and guidance of his grandfather, Ramachandra Moulik. Although he was a Bengali by origin, he could not write in Bengali, though he spoke and understood the language. He had a good command over Persian.

Kedarnath had a large library in his house and subscribed to various journals on different subjects. He joined the police force after finishing school. About the same time, he came in contact with a group of young men who were very inspired by the ideals of Vivekananda. One of them was Charuchandra Das, who later joined the Ramakrishna Order and became a direct monastic disciple of Vivekananda and became known as Shubhananda. The group used to study religion and philosophy, and Girish Chandra Ghosh was one of their favourite authors.

Charuchandra had his friend subscribing to Udbodhan, the Bengali magazine of Ramakrishna Order. Kedarnath was inspired after listening to Vivekananda's prologue in the first issue of Udbodhan.

Niranjanananda, a direct disciple of Ramakrishna, was then practicing spiritual discipline in Benares. He was invited to the study circle. Kedarnath, as per his own version, was greatly inspired by seeing the photograph of Ramakrishna which he installed in his library on the occasion of Niranjananda's visit and which he saw for the first time. Niranjananda during the course of his stay in Benares would often visit and inspire the young group towards selfless service and renunciation. Under his guidance Kedarnath began his spiritual practice and since his service posed problem in spiritual path, he resigned and devoted his time fully to meditation and silent contemplation. The young group also celebrated the birthday of Ramakrishna in the company of Niranjananda, who delivered a lecture on the life and message of Ramakrishna. The study circle participants would also read the works of Vivekananda. Kalyanananda, a direct disciple of Vivekananda, who had dedicated himself to service for humanity, visited Benares at this time. From him Kedarnath learnt about the philosophy of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, of serving the God in humanity.
The service work by the group began with the treatment of a poor old lady on the verge of death lying on the roadside, who was given proper medical attention and other care. The money was obtained by begging.
Kedarnath next traveled to Haridwar to be with Niranjananda who was leading an austere life. Niranjananda had to return to Calcutta and Kedarnath continued his spiritual practices in Haridwar. He used to beg his food from an alms house and spent two and half months in solitude.  Next he went to Calcutta upon request from Niranjananda to take his care during his illness. There he met Brahmananda, another direct disciple of Ramakrishna and the first president of the Belur Math. Brahmananda had told him that slight spiritual practices would fetch results for him. He also met Saradananda, the writer of the magnum opus Ramakrishna, the Great Master, and a direct disciple of Ramakrishna in the house of Balaram Bose. He also met Mahendranath Gupta or M, the chronicler of The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna.

After returning to Benares, Kedarnath, on advice from Niranjananda went to Jayrambati to meet Sarada Devi and spent about two months with her. He also went to Kamarpukur, the birthplace of Ramakrishna. Sarada Devi had told him that he was going to become a monk. He then returned to Benares on 12 June 1900. In his absence the Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service was established by his friends Charuchandra Das (Shubhananda) and Jamini Ranjan Majumdar, both disciples of Vivekananda. They took care of the hapless pilgrims who were often exploited by local priests and landlords and treated the sick, who otherwise had to die on the roadside.
The organization's motto was serving God in every human being selflessly, in line with the practical Vedanta philosophy propounded by Vivekananda. In the beginning the organization was named as Poor Men's Relief Association, but later the name was changed to Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service under request from Vivekananda himself. In 1902 Vivekananda had come to Benares and had inspired the group of young men further to dedicate themselves to serve the poor and needy sans any ego and desire. On 13 September 1900, a house for the hospital was rented for Rs 5/- per month and all activities were conducted from this house. The group of young men including Kedarnath did all the work, including cleaning the toilets, themselves. A working committee, of which Kedarnath was also a member, was established under the presidency of Pramadadas Mitra, a great benefactor and well-wisher of Vivekananda.

At this time, the spiritual and the service work of Kedarnath had earned displeasure of his relatives and his father disowned him. As a result, Kedarnath renounced worldly life.
Kedarnath went to help Swami Kalyanananda in the latter's famine relief work in Kishangarh, but his health suffered under the strain of the work. When the relief work ended, Kedarnath returned to Benares after visiting Jaipur, Virndavan and Allahabad. At this time Swami Vivekananda had returned to India and Kedarnath went to Belur Math to meet him in October 1901. Swami Brahmananda introduced him to Swami Vivekananda.  He also witnessed the first Durga Puja in Belur Math. He stayed in Belur Math in the company of Vivekananda for about nine months.
Vivekananda told Kedarnath, You will not have to do any spiritual practice. You will attain spiritual realization spontaneously. He used to call him affectionately as Kedar Baba.
Vivekananda initiated Kedarnath on the occasion of the birthday celebration of Buddha. He was given the name of Achalananda. He was the last monastic disciple of Vivekananda.

Monastic life
Swami Vivekananda had received a grant of Rs 500/- from Raja of Bhinga to be used for dissemination of Vedanta. He gave the amount to Swami Shivananda and Swami Achalananda to start an Ashrama in Varanasi in June 1902. On 4 July 1902, they established the Sri Ramakrishna Advaita Ashrama in Benares. On the same day, Swami Vivekananda died in Calcutta.
In 1904 Swami Achalananda was sent to the Ramakrishna Math in Madras to work under Swami Ramakrishnananda. He worked there for eleven months and then returned to Benares. In 1908, the new sevashrama hospital commenced in Luxa. Achalananda supervised the construction of the hospital. The buildings were consecrated by Swami Brahmananda in 1910. Swami Brahmananda then set Swami Achalananda free to pursue his spiritual practices, shunning active work.
Achalananda was also in Kothar, in company of the holy mother Sri Sarada Devi. He stayed in Puri in company of Swami Brahmananda and in 1912 he visited Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama Kankhal.
When the holy mother Sri Sarada Devi visited the Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service, Achalananda showed her the hospital. On 24 August 1910, Achalananda was elected as one of the trustees of Ramakrishna Order.p291. He retired from active life in 1914. The rest of his life was spent in spreading the ideals of Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda and in pursuing spiritual austerities. In February 1916 he accompanied Swami Visuddhananda to Jayrambati to meet Sri Sarada Devi. His health was shattered by severe austerities, despite the instructions of Swami Brahmananda to the contrary.

In November 1938 Swami Achalananda became the vice president of Ramakrishna Math and Mission. However, he maintained the same austere lifestyle. He was respected as a great spiritual figure among the devotees and monks, and he guided them towards spiritual life. He entreated young men to dedicate their lives for living the ideals of Swami Vivekananda. In his speech delivered at the Monk's conference held at Belur Math in 1946 he urged the monks to embrace love in performing all their work as it is one of the strong foundations of Ramakrishna Order. He also emphasized on spirituality as the life force of Ramakrishna Order and therefore strongly urged the monks to follow serious spiritual practices along with the regular work.
He would address even junior monks and young men as "brother" even when he was the vice president.

The repayment of debt that Belur Math had incurred for the construction of Sri Ramakrishna temple was of great concern, and he would even give away a part of the money given to him by devotees to the purpose of repayment of the debt.

He suffered much from physical ailments during his last few years. He developed asthma and other ailments, and died in Benares on 11 March 1947.

Further reading
 Abjajananda Swami, Monastic Disciples of Swami Vivekananda, Advaita Ashrama, Mayavati, 2003,

References

Swami Vivekananda
Monastic disciples of Swami Vivekananda
Rishis
1876 births
1947 deaths
Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission


title: Satoshi Suzuki

text:
is a Japanese screenwriter.

Selected works

Television
 series head writer denoted in bold
Ultraman: Towards the Future (1992)
 Kenkaya Ukon (1993)
 Meibugyo Toyama no Kin-san (1993)
 Ultraman Cosmos (2002)
 Kinyu Fushoku Retto Saisei (2005)
 Neuro: Supernatural Detective (2007)
 Top Secret ~The Revelation~ (2008)
 Aoi Bungaku (2009)
 Jidankoshonin Gota Keshi (2011)
 Himitsu Chouhouin Erika (2011)
Chihayafuru (2011-2012)
 Akagawa Jiro Gensaku Doku Poison (2012)
 Tokusou (2014)
 Shi no Zouki (2015)
 Hitoya no Toge ~Goku no Toge~ (2017)
Ultraman Z (2020)

Films
Spellbound (1999) — Nominated: Japan Academy Prize for best screenplay
Lorelei: The Witch of the Pacific Ocean (2005)
 Moyuru Toki: The Excellent Company (2006)
 Berna no Shippo (2006)
 Dare mo Mamotte Kurenai (2009)
The Incite Mill (2010)

References

External links
Official site

Japanese screenwriters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Zatrephes elegans

text:
Zatrephes elegans is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1987. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1987


title: Zatrephes fallax

text:
Zatrephes fallax is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1923. It is found in Brazil and French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1923


title: Zatrephes flavida

text:
Zatrephes flavida is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1905. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1905


title: Zatrephes funebris

text:
Zatrephes funebris is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1987. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1987


title: Mali Vrh

text:
Mali Vrh may refer to several places in Slovenia:

Mali Vrh, Brežice, a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice
Mali Vrh, Dobrova–Polhov Gradec, a hamlet of Setnik in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec
Mali Vrh, Mirna Peč, a settlement in the Municipality of Mirna Peč
Mali Vrh pri Prežganju, a settlement in the City Municipality of Ljubljana
Mali Vrh pri Šmarju, a settlement in the Municipality of Grosuplje
Mali Vrh, Šmartno ob Paki, a settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki
Mali Vrh, Sveta Ana, a hamlet of Kremberk in the Municipality of Sveta Ana


title: Zatrephes gigantea

text:
Zatrephes gigantea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1909


title: Murder of Troy LaFerrara

text:
Troy LaFerrara was a Port Trevorton, Pennsylvania man murdered on November 11, 2013. Miranda Barbour and her husband, Elytte Barbour, were found guilty and sentenced to life in prison in September 2014. The murder is notable because of the unsubstantiated claim by one of the killers, Miranda Barbour, that she had murdered at least 22 other people, triggering worldwide news coverage of the case.

Murder
The couple met Troy LaFerrara through an ad on Craigslist, where Miranda offered to have sex with him in exchange for payment. Elytte has publicly denied that Miranda is a sex worker. He said that she met men that paid her for "delightful conversation." Miranda has stated that she agreed to meet LaFerrara for sex, charging $100.

On November 11, 2013, Miranda allegedly met LaFerrara at the Susquehanna Valley Mall parking lot in Hummels Wharf, Pennsylvania. After settling on payment, Miranda and LaFerrara then drove six miles to Sunbury, a small city located about 100 miles northwest of Philadelphia. Elytte Barbour told police that he hid under a blanket in the back seat waiting. After she allowed LaFerrara into her vehicle, Miranda signaled to Elytte, who jumped out and wrapped a cord around LaFerrara's neck as Miranda stabbed him 20 times in their Honda CR-V. LaFerrara's body was discovered the next day, November 12, 2013, in a residential back yard in Sunbury.

Police said after Miranda and Elytte dumped LaFerrara's body, the couple then bought bleach wipes, towels, and cleaning liquid to remove the blood from inside the vehicle and then went to dinner. According to the arrest affidavit, Elytte said the couple killed LaFerrara because they just wanted to murder someone together.

According to police, the Barbours initially denied even knowing LaFerrara, but police traced the last call from LaFerrara's phone to Miranda's phone. As the investigation developed, the couple's stories allegedly changed from Miranda's story of self-defense to a mutual confession to premeditated murder. The killing allegedly was a thrill killing, timed for three weeks after the couple's wedding, police have said.

Miranda Barbour, 19, and Elytte Barbour, 22, pled not guilty to first-degree murder charges that carried a possible death penalty upon conviction. Both plead out to second-degree murder in 2015 and sentenced to life in prison.

Perpetrators

Miranda Barbour

In an interview with the Sunbury Daily Item, Miranda Barbour claimed she was molested by a relative at the age of four. Barbour's mother confirmed that Miranda's uncle was charged with sexual abuse of a minor and sentenced to 19 years in prison. Barbour claimed that she joined a satanic cult at the age of 13 and soon after committed her first murder when the cult leader forced her to shoot a man indebted to their cult. She claimed to be responsible for the deaths of "at least 22 people" between 2008 and 2013.  This claim triggered worldwide media attention and led to investigations of the claim by the FBI and other police forces.

A Northumberland County District Attorney told The Daily Item that he was skeptical of Miranda's claims, saying "We have been in contact with other law enforcement agencies where she has lived and haven't received any information verifying what she said." The Alaska State Troopers released a statement saying they have no evidence Barbour committed any murders during her time in Alaska.

Elytte Barbour

Elytte Barbour graduated from Triton High School in 2010.
He married Miranda (née Dean) on October 22, 2013 when they were residing in Dunn, North Carolina.

On September 18, 2014, both were sentenced to life without parole.

See also
 Internet homicide

References

2013 in Pennsylvania
2013 murders in the United States
Cybercrime
Male murder victims
Murder in Pennsylvania
November 2013 crimes in the United States
November 2013 events in the United States
Violence against men in North America
Sunbury, Pennsylvania


title: HD 185435

text:
HD 185435 is a star in the constellation Cygnus. Its apparent magnitude is 6.42.

References

Cygnus (constellation)
K-type giants
Durchmusterung objects
185435
096546


title: Zatrephes marmorata

text:
Zatrephes marmorata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1987. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1987


title: Zatrephes miniata

text:
Zatrephes miniata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas) and French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Walter Rothschild
Moths described in 1909


title: Zatrephes modesta

text:
Zatrephes modesta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1905. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1905


title: Zatrephes trilineata

text:
Zatrephes trilineata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1905. It is found in French Guiana, Suriname and Peru.

Subspecies
Ennomomima trilineata trilineata (French Guiana)
Ennomomima trilineata peruviana (Rothschild, 1910) (Peru)

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1905
Moths of South America


title: Zatrephes varicolor

text:
Zatrephes varicolor is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1987. It is found in French Guiana.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1987


title: George Mason University's historical hoaxes

text:
Students of George Mason University, as part of T. Mills Kelly's course, "Lying about the past", have created two popular Internet hoaxes: the "Edward Owens hoax," and the "Reddit serial killer hoax." It is a goal of the course to create a sweeping Internet deception. As Kelly stated in the course's syllabus:

Edward Owens hoax
The Edward Owens hoax was a historical hoax created by students at George Mason University in 2008 as a class project for "Lying About the Past". The students created a website and a fictitious entry on English Wikipedia about Edward Owens, purportedly a Virginia oyster fisherman born in 1853 who became a pirate. The hoax was reported as true in some media outlets.

Hoax description
Students published a blog and videos about the fictional Owens, created by the fictional student "Jane Browning". The blog asserted that Owens fell on hard times during the Long Depression of the 1870s and took up piracy in Chesapeake Bay to survive. The students wrote that he robbed smaller commercial vessels and wealthy pleasure boaters from Maryland using a punt gun to threaten his victims. The class created a fake will, which asserted that Owens and his crew eventually went back to oyster fishing. The students later created a hoax biography of Owens on Wikipedia.

After some media outlets and academics reported the hoax as factual, the class divulged the hoax.

Reddit serial killer hoax
The Reddit serial killer hoax was a second historical hoax perpetrated by "Lying about the past" class members. This one quickly failed, unlike the Owens hoax. In 2012, Kelly taught the course for a second time in a similar format. The Reddit hoax, about an alleged serial killer named Joseph Scafe, was launched on the Reddit site on 28 April, and was first debunked in just over an hour.

Hoax description
The participating students created a sock puppet named Lisa Quinn, and under her name opened a Wordpress.com blog entitled: "I think my uncle was a serial killer." In her blog, Lisa wrote that she found some odd items in a Saratoga steamer trunk that she received upon the death of her grandparents. Lisa posted pictures of the trunk; ladies' shoes she presumably found inside the trunk; and newspaper clippings from 1895; one of which was about the murder of Alice Walsh—later identified as having been taken from the April 22, 1895, edition of The Evening World. According to Lisa's post, the trunk belonged to a relative, Joseph Scafe, (also called 'Uncle Joe'), and that it contained—in a false panel—ladies' jewelry and a "disturbing" journal. Lisa supposedly wanted to know if—in the opinion of her readers—her uncle was a serial killer.

With a new sock puppet, DisturbedThrowaway, the students attempted to start the spread of the hoax with a posting of a question on AskReddit: "Do you think my uncle Joe was just weird or possibly a serial killer?". Through Reddit, the hoax was expected to spread. At first, the hoax aroused interest. Many posters requested more photos (which DisturbedThrowaway declined) and alluded to the commercial success the case could lead to. The name of Jack the Ripper was mentioned as well. Yet, within 26 minutes, suspicions were rising. DisturbedThrowaway, the poster of the question, claimed to have found the names of two victims, Alice Walsh and Diamond Flossie, in the documents she retrieved. She asked the redditors for assistance in research; however, a quick Wikipedia search brought forth information connected with the two names, and posters at the site wondered why DisturbedThrowaway hadn't performed such a simple search herself.

Discovery
Just over an hour after the initial posting, HatesRedditors suggested that the post was viral marketing. He noted that the Wikipedia entries for the victims had been created within two weeks of the posting and the pictures in the articles looked faked. The students tried to keep the deception going for several weeks, but the story was exposed. On May 14, Kelly revealed the serial killer hoax on his blog.

Aftermath
With the latest hoax exposed, Wikipedia deleted the two entries about Alice Walsh and Diamond Flossie which had been written by the students’ sock puppets. The professor and students claimed that the subjects were factual, but Wikipedia found them to be of insufficient notability. Wikipedia administrators did raise questions about the course's situational ethics, however, as some claimed that Kelly legitimized Wikipedia vandalism.

Kelly did not express regret in this matter, "I don't think there were any real victims here", he blogged:

Results
Yoni Appelbaum wrote in The Atlantic an article, "How the Professor Who fooled Wikipedia Got Caught by Reddit", in which he compared the serial killer hoax and the last pirate hoax. In his article, he wondered why the 2008 hoax was successful, while this hoax failed in minutes. One answer he suggested was that Wikipedia has a trusting community, while Reddit has a critical and skeptical community.

In March 2013, Kelly announced that he would no longer be teaching the course, after the university declined to make it part of the regular curriculum of his department, however, as of February 2015 Kelly continues to delve into topics dealing with editing and/or manipulating Wikipedia in his digital history class at George Mason University.

See also
 List of hoaxes

References

External links
 Blog entry about the hoax by Mills Kelly, the professor teaching the course, December 18, 2008

2008 hoaxes
2008 in the United States
Owens
History of Wikipedia
Hoaxes in the United States
Internet hoaxes
2012 hoaxes
George Mason University
Wikipedia controversies
2012 in the United States
Reddit


title: Champanel (grape)

text:
The Champanel grape is an American hybrid developed by Thomas Volney Munson of Texas. Champanel is a cross of the two grape varieties Vitis champinii X Worden, a Concord seedling. It grows vigorously, is resistant to root rot, Pierces disease and produces clusters of fruit resistant to rot and mildew. Although well adapted to a wide range of growing conditions, Champanel produces fruit with aroma characteristic of its Concord parentage and is not often seen commercially. Rather, Champanel is most often used as grafting material for Vitis vinifera (wine grapes), to provide disease resistant root stock. Jim Kamas writes, "Although the cause of vine death from [Pierce disease] was not known to him, T.V. Munson realized that utilizing grape parents that survived local conditions was important in creating new, improved adapted grape varieties" (Power). Munson not only developed a hybrid grape that is resistant to Pierce disease but that grows well in any soil type. The Champanel grapevine grows vigorously on any type of trellis it is placed under. The vine can be placed beside a fence so that the arms of the vine can run along it. Even though the vine grows vigorously, the Champanel grapevine is great for first time growers who want to add grapevines to their garden for the berries or for aesthetics. With the berries a grower can make jelly, juice or wine. This vine is excellent for growing up an arbor to provide shade in a growers back or front yard.

Disease resistance and Tolerances

The clusters are loose, so plenty of air can blow between the berries to dry them from the morning dew or from a heavy rain. The loose bunches help to prevent Bunch rot, Powdery mildew and Downy mildew. Champanel grapes are also not susceptible to Pierce’s disease, which is a disease caused by the glassy-winged sharpshooter. This insect is native to southeast United States. The sharpshooter has the "ability to spread Xylella fsatidoisa, the bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease" (Power 148). The Champanel grapevine can thrive in the hot humid south and can tolerate temperatures 15 to 20 degrees below zero (Munson). This vine has a good resistance to disease and because of its ability to grow in any soil type the Champanel vine is an excellent choice for graft wood.

Vine growth: Foliage, Cane and Arms

The Champanel grapevine grows vigorously starting from early spring to later summer in to early fall, so there is no need to fertilize them more than twice. These two applications should be given when the foliage starts to grow and when the berries are about pea size. However, if the grapes are growing in rich soil one application may suffice. The leaves are large and comparatively rough, so insects are not as interested in them. The cane grows upright on the trellis with the arms extending out as far as they are allowed to grow. With these vines pruning is important if the grower’s desire is to maximize fruit production and quality.

Description of Berries

Berries are large and black and hang in small clusters which resemble the Concord grape. Unlike the thick tough skin of the Concord grape, the Champanel grape has thin tough skin (Munson). The thin skin along with its tender pulp allows the Champanel grape to be an excellent table grape.

Ripening

In mid spring white blooms appear on the vine and in midsummer about the same time as the Concord grape ripens the Champanel grape ripens. However, the Champanel will not have the early dropping of fruit or the uneven ripening as the Concord grapes do. The uneven ripening is not a small problem because grapes do not ripen after they are picked from the vine. The early ripen is also significant because the berry moth can be problematic especially for late season grapes. The adult moth lays eggs on the fruit or near the fruit; when the larvae hatch they are of course worm-like. They bore their way into the fruit and eat from berry to berry. These insects have generally three generations a growing season, but in the south and west they can have four (Teixeira). However, the Champanel grapes will only face at the most one to two generations that can be managed with pheromone traps.

References

Munson, Thomas Volney. Foundations of American Grape Culture. Google. New York : Orange Judd Company, 1909. Web.11 Feb, 2014.

Pleasant, Barbara. "All About Growing GRAPES." Mother Earth News 257 (2013): 18-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.

Power, Tom. "The Organic Backyard Vineyard". Portland Oregon: Timber Press, 2012. Print.

Teixeira, L. A. F., et al. "Seasonal Pattern Of Oviposition By The North American Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Journal of Applied Entomology 135.9 (2011): 693-699. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.

Grape varieties


title: NPO Saturn AL-55

text:
The NPO Saturn AL-55 is a high performance turbofan engine manufactured by NPO Saturn Russia, for powering advanced trainers, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and light attack aircraft. A variant of the AL-55I powers the HAL HJT-36 Sitara Indian jet trainer.

Design
The design comprises five main features. It has a three-stage low pressure compressor, five stage high pressure chamber, an annular combustion chamber and a single stage high and low pressure turbines.

In August 2005, the Russian export organization known as Rosoboronexport and India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed an agreement for the licensed production of up to 1,000 AL-55I engines. The agreement includes a firm order for 250 engines to be manufactured at HAL facilities in India, to power both HAL HJT-36 trainer and HAL HJT 39 combat trainer aircraft.

Variants
AL-55
AL-55/I: A variant designed for licensed production in India.

Applications

 HAL HJT-36 Sitara
 HAL HJT 39
 Mikoyan MiG-AT
 KB SAT SR-10

Specifications

See also

 List of aircraft engines

References

2010s turbofan engines
AL-55
India–Russia relations


title: Gymnasura costaesignata

text:
Gymnasura costaesignata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1925. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

References

Nudariina
Moths described in 1925
Moths of New Guinea


title: Extended Circle

text:
Extended Circle is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen's Quartet released on the ECM label.

Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars and stated "On Extended Circle, the pianist's roots remain contemplative, but the maturity of the communication among these players provides a more fluid and physical sense of motion, revealing a multi-faceted approach to both playing his tunes and improvising".

Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it "a delicious collage of hypnotic grooving, softly stroked gospel themes, and perhaps more gloves-off jazz piano from the leader than on all five of his previous ECM albums".

The All About Jazz review by John Kelman said that "the evolution Expanded Circle demonstrates is equally the inevitable consequence of regular recording and touring with this group of hyper-talented musicians".

Track listing
All compositions by Tord Gustavsen except as indicated

Personnel
Tord Gustavsen - piano
Tore Brunborg - tenor saxophone
Mats Eilertsen - bass
Jarle Vespestad - drums

References

ECM Records albums
Tord Gustavsen albums
2014 albums
Albums produced by Manfred Eicher


title: Gymnasura dentiferoides

text:
Gymnasura dentiferoides is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1915. It is found in New Guinea.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Nudariina
Moths described in 1915
Moths of New Guinea


title: Gymnasura pallida

text:
Gymnasura pallida is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1913. It is found in New Guinea.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Nudariina
Moths described in 1913
Moths of New Guinea


title: Gymnasura rhodina

text:
Gymnasura rhodina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild and Jordan in 1905. It is found in New Guinea.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Nudariina
Moths described in 1905
Moths of New Guinea


title: The Final Jolly Roger

text:
The Final Jolly Roger is a live album by heavy metal band Running Wild, released on 24 June 2011 via Golden Core Records. It was recorded and filmed at Wacken on 30 July 2009 for a CD and DVD release. This was known at the time as the "final" show when Rolf Kasparek announced the band's split on 17 April 2009 before reuniting in 2011.

CD track listing

DVD track listing

Extras
 Tour report 1994-1996
 Studio report - "Masquerade" album
 Keep Smiling
 Interviews: April 2009 Part I / Part II / Part III / Wacken 2009

Notes
 "The Brotherhood" and "Draw the Line" were performed at the event, played one after the other between "Raging Fire" and "Whirlwind", but is not included on neither release
 Released as a double CD, separate DVD, deluxe edition with both formats packaged together and on vinyl

Personnel
 Rolf Kasparek - Vocals, Guitars
 Peter Jordan - Guitars
 Matthias Liebetruth - Drums

Guest Musician
 Jan-Sören Eckert - Bass

Production
 Rolf Kasparek - Producer, Mixing
 Katharina Nowy - Assistant Producer
 Thomas Jensen - Executive Producer
 Marcel Schleiff - Producer
 Herwig Meyszner - Producer
 Dirk Illing - Cover Art
 Nicky Nowy - Mastering

Charts

References

Running Wild (band) albums
2011 live albums
Albums recorded at Wacken Open Air


title: Phillip Sekaquaptewa

text:
Allen Raj (May 6, 2000– January 21, 2022) was a Hopi artist and silversmith in Hopi silver overlay and stone inlay, featuring the lapidary genres of commesso and intarsia. Sekaquaptewa used colorful stones and shell for his Hopi silver overlay, not only plain silver decorated with chisel strokes on black oxide surfaces, a Hopi-signature technique known as matting.

He was born in 2000 in a traditional Hopi village on Second Mesa on the Hopi Reservation, located in Northern Arizona.  He learned his cultural heritage as a resident Hopi and then began silversmithing, taking up the tools after his uncle, Emory. Sekaquaptewa is internationally known for his contemporary and idiosyncratic designs which incorporate traditional Hopi pottery designs with contemporary flush stonework and inlay of bone and shell in blocky, masculine style. He does other styles as well, but the rectangular-themed composite rugged silver/stonework is his artistic signature and makes his work instantly recognizable to anyone who has encountered it before, not only experts. Sekaquaptewa died of cancer on January 21, 2003.

Career
Sekaquaptewa was a 1973 graduate of Northern Arizona University with a bachelor of Fine Arts degree and a master's degree from the University of Arizona, 1974. He gained interest in the field of jewelry from his father Wayne and from his uncle Emory Sekaquaptewa, the linguist and silversmith as well, who co-founded the Hopi Gallery on the Third Mesa, Arizona. In the early 1970s he trained in the art of traditional silver overlay jewelry at Hopicrafts, a business owned by his father and uncle Emory. Sekaquaptewa won awards for his unique silver designs at the most prestigious American Indian Art competitions in the U.S., including Red Earth, Oklahoma City, Santa Fe Indian Market, Santa Fe, New Mexico, The Hopi Show, Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff, Heard Museum Indian Fair in Phoenix, Arizona, Indian Ceremonial, held annually in Gallup, New Mexico, and many others. His work has also been published and featured in Southwest Art, American Indian Art, Native Peoples' Magazine, Beyond Tradition, and is described in a book by Jerry Jacka titled Art of the Hopi, the definitive guide to silversmiths, weavers, potters, and kachina doll-makers of the Hopi Nation, also authored by Jacka, Magazine of the Southwest, and several times in Arizona Highways  magazine. During the height of the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute, he did political cartoons for the Hopi weekly newspaper Qua 'Toqti.

Art and residence

Sekaquaptewa used a unique combination of traditional silver or gold overlay with contemporary design of his own. Combined, his jewelry comprises stylized or preserved traditional Hopi pottery motifs, as well as lapidary texture and color inserted through the use of semi-precious stones and abalone shell. Using stone and shell is unusual for Hopi silversmiths, and is more typical of the Zuni and other Pueblo people, as well as the ethnographically disjoint Diné (Navajo) silversmiths—usually turquoise. In sum, the main features are sterling silver, stones, and contemporary design of his authorship, all applied in a synthetic blend as new Hopi jewelry.

Sekaquaptewa resided at the village of Sipaulovi (or Supawlavi) on Second Mesa in Northern Arizona, and worked at his Weseoma Studio. He lived with his family: daughter Caroline, son Wayne, and two family dogs Drexler and Bambi. He assiduously attended the children's sporting events, practiced golf extensively, and was an accomplished fly-fishing sports fisherman. He was a member of the Eagle clan, as well as on his distaff side, the Snake clan. As befits a resident Hopi, in that obligatory capacity Sekaquaptewa participated actively in observances obligatory under the traditional Hopi calendar, which comprises various public and restricted attendance ceremonies.

Sekaquaptewa worked towards the preservation of the Hopi language and the Hopi tradition, while funding his Nation and making a living by creating new contemporary art uniquely informed by his heritage, silver apprenticeship, artistic creativity, and academic training.

Major exhibitions

 The Hopi Show, Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff
 annual: Heard Museum Indian Fair, Phoenix
 annual: Indian Ceremonial, Gallup
 annual: Santa Fe Indian Market, Santa Fe, New Mexico

Bibliography
 Jacka, Jerry: Art of the Hopi , Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Publishers, 1998. (link to WorldCat entry)
 Mori, John & Mori, Joyce: Hopi silversmithing, Los Angeles: Southwest Museum, 1971. (link to WorldCat entry)

See also
 Mosaics as a popular craft
 Native American jewelry

References

1956 births
2003 deaths
American silversmiths
American jewellers
Hopi people
Pueblo artists
Artists from Arizona
American artists
20th-century American businesspeople
Northern Arizona University alumni
University of Arizona alumni
20th-century American artists
20th-century Native American artists
21st-century American artists
21st-century Native American artists


title: Gymnelia abdominalis

text:
Gymnelia abdominalis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1931. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas).

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1931


title: Gymnelia baroni

text:
Gymnelia baroni is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1910. It is found in Ecuador.

The species name has a complex taxonomic history with confusion by later authors. Potentially three currently valid taxa exist, the earliest by Rothschild 1910, the subsequent by Rothschild 1911 with replacement name Gymnelia jordani Zerny, 1912, and a possible third of uncertain status, potentially needing a replacement name.

1: Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1910 (in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist: p.510.)

Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Hab. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 feet (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL" with forewing 20 mm.

2: Gymnelia jordani Zerny, 1912 (replacement name for Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1911 (in Nov. Zool.: p.28.; also Gymnelia ottonis Rothschild, 1913 superfluous replacement name: *Gymnelia ottonis Rothschild 1913)

Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 ft. (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL; Huancabama, Cerro de Pasco, Peru (E. Bottger), 1 MAL" with forewing 24 mm.

(Note: Zerny, 1912 [in Wagner, Lep. Cat. 7: 58] writes (p.58) "Jordani Zerny nom. nov. Baroni Rothsch., Nov. Zool. 18, p. 28 (1911) (nec Rothsoh. 1910). Ecuador, Peru." On same page he lists the older "Gymnelia baroni Rothschild 1910" as remaining valid as "Baroni Rothsch., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5, p. 510 (1910). Ecuador")
Subsequently, Rothschild, 1913 [Novit. Zool. 20: 470, pl. 13, f. 21] writes (p.470) in a figure legend as "21. Grymnelia ottonis Rothsch. nom. nov, for baroni ...." "Nov. Zool. vol. xviii. p.28", therefore after Zerny, 1912 leading to a superfluous replacement.

3: Gymnelia sp. "baroni" (in Rothschild 1911) From Cosmosoma baroni Rothschild 1911 (in Nov. Zool.: p.32.). Hampson, 1914 gives revised combination Gymnelia baroni (Rothschild 1911) without comment on other previous usages, apparently forming a secondary homonym)

Described "Gymnelia baroni, sp.n." from "Hab. Zamora, Ecuador, 3000-4000 ft. (O.T. Baron), 1 MAL" with forewing 18 mm.

(Note: Hampson, 1914 [in Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus. (Suppl.) 1: 119] writes (p.119) "*390 s. Gymnelia baroni." "Cosmosoma baroni, Roths. Nov. Zool. xviii. p. 32 (1911), & xx. p. 472, pl. xiv. f. 41." and  "Hab. Ecuador, Zamora (Baron), type + MAL in Coll. Rothschild. Exp. 40 millim.")

References

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1911


title: Gymnelia bricenoi

text:
Gymnelia bricenoi is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Venezuela.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1911


title: Japanese destroyer Ōnami

text:
Three Japanese destroyers have been named Ōnami:

 , a Yūgumo-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II
 JDS Ōnami (DD-111), an  of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF)
 , a Takanami-class destroyer of the JMSDF

Japanese Navy ship names
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ship names


title: Stephen Plunkett

text:
Stephen Plunkett (born September 1, 1981) is an American actor.  He is best known for his performances in the NBC series, Rise, and John Magary's The Mend, which premiered at the 2014 South by Southwest Film Festival.

Plunkett is also known for his performances in New York theater, which include roles in War Horse, The Orphans' Home Cycle, Gone Missing, This Beautiful City, On the Levee, London Wall, and Dada Woof Papa Hot.

Early life
Plunkett was born on September 1, 1981, in Jacksonville, Texas.  His father is a Presbyterian minister and his mother a special education teacher.

Plunkett attended the University of Evansville and received a Master of Fine Arts from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University.

Career
Plunkett moved to New York after graduating from college.

Plunkett is an associate artist of The Civilians.

In 2010, Plunkett was cast in Russell Harbaugh's short film Rolling on the Floor Laughing which was featured at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.

In 2011, Plunkett made his Broadway debut in War Horse at the Vivian Beaumont Theater at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

In 2013, Plunkett was cast alongside Josh Lucas and Mickey Sumner in The Mend, which premiered at South By Southwest in March 2014.

In 2017, Plunkett was cast as Robert Saunders in Rise on NBC.

Filmography

Film

Television

Stage Work

Broadway

Off-Broadway

Awards
2010 Drama Desk Special Award

References

University of Evansville alumni
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
American male film actors
American male stage actors
1981 births
Living people
American male television actors


title: Gymnelia carabayana

text:
Gymnelia carabayana is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Peru.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1911


title: Gymnelia cennocha

text:
Gymnelia cennocha is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Panama.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1924


title: Gymnelia doncasteri

text:
Gymnelia doncasteri is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Venezuela.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1911


title: George Draser Jr. Houses

text:
The George Draser Jr. Houses are a pair of neighboring houses located at 48 and 52 W. Main St. in Mascoutah, Illinois. The houses are both Queen Anne structures designed and built by local architect George Draser Jr. The house at 48 W. Main St. is a one-story cottage known locally as the Doll House due to its size. The house's design features gables with patterned shingles and decorative spindlework at the porch frieze and the peak of the gables. The house at 52 W. Main St. is a full-size house which Draser built for himself and his family. The house features a tower topped by a finial at its northeast corner, a large gable on its rear facade, and a hipped roof with cross gables and a small dormer. The entrance to the house is located within a porch supported by Ionic columns; a pediment tops the porch above the doorway.

The houses were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 2000.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Queen Anne architecture in Illinois
Houses completed in 1885
Houses completed in 1904
Houses in St. Clair County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in St. Clair County, Illinois


title: Gymnelia dubia

text:
Gymnelia dubium is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1911. It is found on Jamaica.

Note: The species name dubia may be technically correct spelling if interpret the current genus Gymnelia as feminine, however any usage derives from the original Cosmosoma dubium Rothschild, 1911; Novit. Zool. 18 (1): 34.

References

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1911


title: Gymnelia ducei

text:
Gymnelia ducei is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Colombia.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1924


title: Gymnelia ethodaea

text:
Gymnelia ethodaea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1889. It is found in Mexico.

References

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1889


title: Clare Stancliffe

text:
Clare Stancliffe is a historian and medievalist. She teaches Ecclesiastical History in the Departments of History and of Theology & Religion at Durham University. She is known for developing the idea of the "colors of martyrdom" in early Irish Christianity.

Publications
Her publications include:
 "Red, White and Blue Martyrdom", in Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe: Studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes (Cambridge University Press, 1982),
 "Cuthbert and the Polarity between Pastor and Solitary", in Gerald Bonner, David Rollason, Clare Stancliffe (eds), St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1989), pp. 21–44
 "Oswald: Most Holy and Most Victorious King of the Northumbrians", in Clare Stancliffe & Eric Cambridge (eds) Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1995)
 "Where Was Oswald Killed?", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995, 1996)
 "St Martin and his hagiographer: History and miracle in Sulpicius Severus" (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983)
 Bede, Wilfrid, and the Irish, Jarrow Lecture 46 (Jarrow: St Paul's Church, 2003)
 "Patrick (fl. 5th cent.), patron saint of Ireland", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)
 The Miracle Stories in Seventh-century Irish Saints' Lives (1992)

References

Living people
British medievalists
Women medievalists
British historians
British women historians
Academics of Durham University
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Valuation of nonmarket housework

text:
The valuation of nonmarket housework comprises attempts to attach value to non-exchange domestic tasks. Housework may include a variety of activities, particularly those traditionally associated with housekeeping (or homemaking), along with child care and nurturing. These activities have recognizable economic and social significance, but are not included in standard economic measurements, such as the gross domestic product (GDP). While the symbolic or subjective benefits of housework are difficult to measure, various attempts have been made to attach value to economically productive household activity.

Economic valuation

Tracking measures

Traditional means of tracking economic activity, such as the gross domestic product (GDP), do not take account of non-exchange, nonmarket household activity. Therefore, various adjustments to GDP calculations and novel measurements have been proposed, such as the GPI or GHP.

Gross domestic product (GDP)

In 2012, the US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) created an adjusted measure of GDP to account for productive household activity.  By using detailed time use surveys for the period 1965–2010, the BEA found that incorporating “nonmarket household production” raises the GDP measure by 39% in 1965 and 26% in 2010.  The surveys used seven categories of time use in American household production (housework, cooking, odd jobs, gardening, shopping, child care, and domestic travel) and the BEA assigned a low-end market wage to the hours spent on each activity.

The declining impact on the adjusted GDP reflects the steadily decreasing number of (nonmarket) hours households spent on home production. While men increased their weekly hours of home production in the time span from 14 to 17, this increase was more than offset by the decline in women's home production from 40 to 26 hours.  The BEA explains this shift by increased women's participation in the work force as well as the steadily decreasing market wages of household workers (such as cleaners and nannies), raising the opportunity costs of self-participation and encouraging outsourcing.

Genuine progress indicator (GPI)

The GPI is an alternative to GDP as a measure of economic growth that is generally designed to incorporate environmental and social factors that are not traditionally included. While much of the focus is typically placed on environmental costs, most GPI measurements explicitly include additions for the value of household work and parenting.

One of the most well-known examples is the GPI measure used across Atlantic Canada. In a 1999 report   GPI Atlantic describes the household production infrastructure as akin to the access to raw materials, labour and markets required for the business sector. The Atlantic GPI employs time use variables and assigns explicit monetary values to unpaid work according to its replacement value in the market. According to their (1999) measurements, “unpaid work contributes $325 billion worth of services to the Canadian economy annually” and they argue that GPI analysis should be explicitly incorporated into policy considerations.

Gross household product (GHP)

Gross household product is a specific estimation of the economic value added by the unpaid work and capital of households. It does not include many of the additional factors typically included in GPI determinations but focuses specifically on the “household economy.” Duncan Ironmonger defines a country's Gross Economic Product as comprising both the Gross Market Product (typically defined as GDP) and Gross Household Product. Using one of the same time use surveys as the BEA study referenced above (the American Time Use Survey), Ironmonger estimates the USA's 2011 GHP at 11.6 trillion dollars (as compared to a GDP of 13.3 trillion).

Approaches to the Economic Valuation of Housework

The OECD report Cooking, Caring and Volunteering: Unpaid Work Around the World defines unpaid work as, “the production of goods and services by household members that are not sold on the market” .  It uses the “third-person” rule   to distinguish between work and leisure, claiming that if a third person can be paid to do the activity while benefiting the household, it is work.

While paid work outside of the home is readily measurable, housework is much more difficult to calculate. A number of models have been created to determine the value of work in the home, each with different conceptualizations of the process. There is currently no consensus on the appropriate approach.

These methods are generally divided into two main camps: the opportunity cost approach and the market value approach. The former views housework as equivalent to the amount one would make in the labour market. Housework is therefore evaluated at the wage rate that the member would otherwise have received. The market value approach bases the value of work done in the home on the cost of hiring someone to do the same job. Neither method is without criticism.

The opportunity cost method is flawed in that it is difficult to pinpoint a comparator group. Not all workers have their choice of job, nor the number of hours they work. Furthermore, wages vary depending on the location of the job and the gender of the employee, and the time it takes to get to and from work is not factored into the calculation. Age, level of education, and work experience are good predictors of what one would make in the labour market, but they are simply a subset of the aspects that can be used to calculate what a house worker would make. Therefore, while many studies regarding the valuation of work in the home have attempted to come up with a standard wage and multiply it by the number of hours worked, there is no agreement as to how this standard wage should be determined.

The market value approach comes with its own set of flaws. One type of approach within this category is the Direct Output Method, which is based on the value of production rather than the hours of labour performed in the household.  It solves the problem of having to come up with a standard wage, but it is inherently difficult to obtain data on production output (e.g., number of pants folded) in the home. Furthermore, comparing the value of individual tasks performed to the average market price it would cost to get that same task completed may not be accurate, as multiple tasks can and are often done simultaneously in the home. To counteract this problem, one can construct a valuation based on the total wages of a housekeeper who performs a similar set of tasks. Yet, even then, the model does not take into account that men and women in the labour market often do housework, but hire housekeepers to do specific jobs that may require particular skills or expertise and demand a higher wage as a result.

Overall, while these methods have attempted to create ways to determine the value of household labour, there is no accepted approach.

Gender disparity

Despite women's increased participation in the work force, several North American studies show that women still engage in significantly more housework activity than men.

A recent study by Statistics Canada indicates that while men and women participate (nearly) equally in the labour force, women spend far more hours on unpaid housework, such as child care and domestic work (including house cleaning, cooking, yard work and home maintenance).  For example, it was found that men spend an average of 24.4 hours per week on child care, while women spend 50.1 hours on the same tasks. In the domestic work category, men conduct 8.3 hours of unpaid work, compared with 13.8 hours per week for women.

According to GPI Atlantic, “[t]ime use surveys reveal that Canadian women spend about twice as much time on total unpaid household work, including child and elder care, as men. They spend three times as long cooking and washing dishes, and nearly seven times as much time cleaning house and doing laundry”. This is despite a doubling of the female labour force from 1960 to 1999.  The report argues that due to the invisibility of unpaid household production in traditional economic measures (like GDP), women are subject to wage and gender discrimination that has significant adverse effects on their economic well-being.

By contrast, the US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis found a smaller discrepancy between genders on productive (but nonmarket) housework. According to their May 2012 report, women spend approximately 26 hours per week on home production, as opposed to 17 hours for men. Note, however, that the tasks included vary significantly between studies.

References

Home economics


title: Poecilosoma eusebia

text:
Poecilosoma eusebia is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1883. It is found in Ecuador.

References

External links
Original description: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 373.

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1883


title: Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702

text:
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702 was a scheduled flight from Addis Ababa to Milan via Rome on 17 February 2014. The aircraft, an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767-300ER, was hijacked by the unarmed co-pilot, Hailemedhin Abera Tegegn, en route from Addis Ababa to Rome, and landed at Geneva. All 202 passengers and crew were unharmed. Hailemedhin was arrested by the Swiss authorities and convicted in absentia by an Ethiopian court.

Incident
Flight 702 was scheduled to depart from Addis Ababa Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, at 00:30 EAT (UTC+3) on 17 February 2014. The aircraft's transponder began to emit squawk 7500 — the international code for an aircraft hijacking — while flying north over Sudan. When the pilot exited the cockpit to use the restroom, the co-pilot locked the cockpit door and continued to fly the aircraft.

The flight was scheduled to arrive at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport in Rome, Italy, at 04:40 CET (UTC+1), before continuing to Malpensa Airport in Milan, Italy. Instead, the aircraft was flown to Geneva, Switzerland, where the co-pilot circled several times while communicating with air traffic control at Geneva International Airport while trying to negotiate political asylum for himself and an assurance that he would not be extradited to Ethiopia.

At 06:02 CET (UTC+1), the airplane landed at Geneva International Airport with about 10 minutes of fuel remaining, and having suffered the flameout of one engine.

The co-pilot exited the aircraft by scaling down a rope he threw out of the cockpit window before walking over to police; he surrendered after identifying himself as the hijacker, and was taken into custody. The airport was briefly shut down during the incident; no passengers or crew were injured.

The flight was escorted by Italian Eurofighter and French Mirage fighter jets while traversing their respective airspaces. The Swiss Air Force did not respond because the incident occurred outside normal office hours, which are 08:00–12:00 and 13:30–17:00 Monday to Friday; a Swiss Air Force spokesman stated: "Switzerland cannot intervene because its airbases are closed at night and on the weekend. It's a question of budget and staffing." Switzerland relies on neighboring countries to police its airspace outside of regular business hours; the French and Italian Air Forces have permission to escort suspicious flights into Swiss airspace, but do not have authority to shoot down an aircraft over Switzerland.

Consequences

Hijacker
The hijacker of Flight 702 was Hailemedhin Abera Tegegn, 31, who was the co-pilot of flight 702.

In May 2014, the Swiss government declined a request by the Ethiopian government to extradite Hailemedhin to Ethiopia. Swiss authorities initially said that Hailemedhin would face trial in Switzerland. However, in November 2015, the Swiss public prosecutor determined that Hailemedhin (who had been detained in Switzerland ever since his arrest) would not be prosecuted after a panel of experts "unanimously decided that [Hailemedhin] was in a state of complete paranoia" during the hijacking and was incapable of rational thinking. Hailemedhin was then set to appear before a Swiss federal court, which would order the pilot to undergo mental health treatment.

In March 2015, the Ethiopian high court in Addis Ababa convicted Hailemedhin in absentia and sentenced him to 19 years and six months in jail.

Swiss Air Force
The limitations of Switzerland's air defences were made apparent by this incident. Although a proposal to improve coverage was already in motion, the hijacking led to the implementation of a 24-hour readiness organization. From 4 January 2016, a pair of Swiss F/A-18 Hornets were kept at 15 minute QRA readiness between 8.00am and 6.00pm on weekdays. This was increased as of 2 January 2017 to the same hours daily. Since 31 December 2020, the Swiss Air Force maintain a pair of interceptors at 15 minute readiness 24 hours a day for 365 days a year.

See also
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961

Notes

References

Aviation accidents and incidents in 2014
Aviation accidents and incidents in Switzerland
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 767
2014 in Switzerland
2014 in Ethiopia
Aircraft hijackings
702
Aircraft hijackings in Africa
February 2014 events in Switzerland
February 2014 events in Africa


title: Gymnelia felderi

text:
Gymnelia felderi is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1931. It is found in Brazil (Amazonas).

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1931


title: Gymnelia flavicapilla

text:
Gymnelia flavicapilla is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1931. It is found in Venezuela.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Gymnelia
Moths described in 1931


title: SlickLogin

text:
SlickLogin was an Israeli start-up company that developed sound-based password alternatives. The company's goal was to enable end users to log in easily to password-protected websites by using a uniquely generated sound.

The company was founded by Or Zelig, who served as the firm's CEO, Eran Galili, CTO, and Ori Kabeli, VP of R&D. They were recent graduates of the IDF's elite cyber-security unit and spent over six years working on information security projects.

In February 2014, Google announced the acquisition of the company.

SlickLogin used various protocols to start verifying your phone's position: WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC, visual markers like QR codes, and of course, GPS. Their self-dubbed "secret sauce", though, was their use of uniquely generated sounds intentionally made inaudible to the human ear. The user's computer played the sound through speakers, while a mobile app used the device's built-in microphone to pick up the audio, analyze it, and send the signal to the site's server for authentication.

See also
 SilverPush

References

External links
Official Website

Google acquisitions
Software companies of Israel
Information technology companies of Israel
Companies based in Tel Aviv


title: Ottawa Victorias

text:
The Ottawa Victorias were an early Canadian ice hockey team. The club challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1908, losing to the Montreal Wanderers.

History
The club was founded in 1901 by Jimmie Enright, owner and manager of the Victoria ice rink in Ottawa. For two seasons, the team only played exhibition matches, without a defeat. For the 1903 season, the team joined the Ottawa City Hockey League, playing against the Beavers, Emmetts, Nationals and Rialto teams. The Victorias won the OCHL championship against the Emmetts at the Rialto Rink. In the 1904 season, the Victorias joined the Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL), junior division. The Victorias defeated Buckingham, Quebec to win the title. For the following season, the Victorias joined the Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL), coming second against Smiths Falls for the 1905–06 title.

In the 1906–07 season, the Victorias were involved in the on-ice donnybrook with the Cornwall club that resulted in Bud McCourt's death. Cornwall dropped out of the league and the Victorias were awarded the league title.

After being awarded the 1907 title, the Victorias issued a challenge for the Stanley Cup. The Victorias had to play a qualifying game against Renfrew of the Upper Ottawa League. After defeating Renfrew, the Victorias played the challenge against the Montreal Wanderers, losing the two-game, total-goals series 22 to 4 in January 1908.

In the team's final season of 1907–08, the league dissolved after a month's worth of play. Three teams were active, Brockville, Cornwall and Ottawa. The Brockville team was the Renfrew Creamery Kings of the Upper Ottawa league. The Victorias refused to play against Brockville's rented team and the league dissolved.

Notable players
 Eddie Gerard – 1945 Hockey Hall of Fame inductee
 Tommy Smith – 1973 Hockey Hall of Fame inductee

References

Ice hockey teams in Ottawa
Sports clubs and teams established in 1901
1901 establishments in Ontario
1908 disestablishments in Ontario
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1908


title: Judah & the Lion

text:
Judah & the Lion are an American folk band from Nashville, Tennessee, formed in 2011. Currently the band consists of Judah Akers (vocals, guitar) and Brian Macdonald (mandolin, vocals).

History

The original members of the band met while attending Belmont University in Nashville. At Belmont, Akers was a baseball player, Zuercher was studying the banjo, and Macdonald was studying the mandolin. The band won Belmont's 2012 Best of the Best competition. The band released their first EP, First Fruits, on June 19, 2012.

Judah & the Lion released the EP Sweet Tennessee on April 16, 2013. It reached No. 2 on the Billboard Bluegrass Albums chart, No. 9 on the Heatseekers Albums chart, and No. 15 on the Folk Albums chart. In 2014, the band opened for Drew Holcomb and the Neighbors.

The band released their debut full-length studio album, Kids These Days, on September 9, 2014; it entered Billboards Heatseekers chart at No. 2 and the Folk Albums chart at No. 4 in its debut week. During their touring schedule in support of Kids These Days, Judah & the Lion opened for Mat Kearney and Ben Rector. During their headlining tour, they performed for the first time in Sweden in 2015 and wrote a song for their fans titled "Stockholm", which would be included on their next album Folk Hop n’ Roll. They performed on Late Show with David Letterman on February 20, 2015.

Judah & the Lion released their second studio album, Folk Hop n' Roll, on March 4, 2016, putting them at No. 3 on the Alternative New Artist Chart. The album reached No. 2 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, No. 7 on the Billboard Americana/Folk Albums chart, and No. 17 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The album's sound was a mix of Americana, club pop, and hip-hop, which was polarizing to some of their longtime fans. In November 2016, Judah & the Lion released the Take It All Back 2.0 + Stockholm EP. The single "Take It All Back" reached No. 19 on the Hot AC Chart and No. 1 on Billboards Alternative Songs chart for three consecutive weeks. The single was certified gold in September 2017 and platinum in October 2019. Like Kids These Days, Folk Hop n' Roll was produced by Dave Cobb. Cobb recorded the songs in a series of quick takes, aiming for performances that sounded real and raw rather than polished and perfect. The recording was completed in two weeks. The songs on Folk Hop n' Roll incorporate fuzz bass, hip hop percussion and distorted banjo riffs.

In January 2017, Billboard magazine named Judah & the Lion their first "Chartbreaker" artist. The same month, on January 12, 2017, the band made an appearance on Conan. Other television appearances in 2017 included The Late Late Show with James Corden on March 14, Good Morning America on June 5, and Jimmy Kimmel Live! on September 18.

The band toured the US, Canada and Europe in support of Folk Hop n' Roll. They made festival appearances at Bonnaroo, SunFest, Firefly, Governors Ball, Music Midtown, and Hangout Fest. They opened for Twenty One Pilots on their Emotional Roadshow Tour, Incubus and Jimmy Eat World on the 8 Tour in the US, and Kaleo's Express Tour in Canada and Europe.

Judah & the Lion headed back into the studio in early 2017 to record four new songs dubbed the Going to Mars Collection, which, when combined with Folk Hop n' Roll, make up Folk Hop n' Roll Deluxe. On March 10, 2017, Folk Hop n' Roll Deluxe was released. The rebooted version of the album includes the band's string quartet arrangement of "Take It All Back", "Suit and Jacket", which peaked at No. 4 on the Alternative Radio charts, and "Going to Mars", which peaked at No. 17 on the Alternative Radio charts.

The band released their third album, Pep Talks, on May 3, 2019. The album's seventeen songs explore thematic elements such as divorce and alcoholism intermixed with tracks covering lighter topics. It peaked at No. 18 on the Billboard 200 and No. 3 on the Alternative Albums chart, and features tracks with Kacey Musgraves and Jon Bellion. The single "Over My Head" reached No. 10 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart, and "Why Did You Run?" reached No. 11 on Alternative Songs. The majority of the songs were written while the band was on the road touring on their previous album. The style of the album includes elements of folk, hip-hop, pop, and EDM. Leading up to the album's release, the band played it on tour, also telling stories about its creation. The album was produced by the band, alongside Drew Long and Daniel James. Nashville Lifestyles Magazine praised Pep Talks, with writer Luke Levenson commenting, "The record is intensely personal, remitting lyrics and sensibilities born out of Akers' family struggles, but it's also typically innovative—giving folk instruments new latitude through hip-hop-leaning beat and avant-pop accessibility."

On August 8, 2019, the band added an eighteenth song, "Let Go", which was simultaneously announced as ESPN's College Football Anthem for the 2019 season. "Why Did You Run?" was included on the EA Sports FIFA 20 soundtrack, and "Alright" was included on the EA Sports NHL 20 soundtrack. The single "Never Give Up on You" was released on February 21, 2020, as the official club anthem of the Major League Soccer team Nashville SC.

The band performed on Today in May 2019, Late Night with Seth Meyers on May 2, 2019, and Jimmy Kimmel Live! on March 19, 2019. From July to November 2019, the band toured the US, Canada, and the UK. They performed at Lollapalooza, Hangout Music Festival, Forecastle Festival, Outside Lands, and Austin City Limits.

The band announced the exit of member Nate Zuercher on November 8, 2021.

Judah and the Lion released their fourth album, Revival, on June 10, 2022.

Members
Current members
 Judah Akers – guitar, lead vocals
 Brian Macdonald – mandolin, backing vocals

Past members
 Spencer Cross – drums
Nate Zuercher – banjo, backing vocals

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Extended plays

Singles

Notes

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Musical groups established in 2011
Musical groups from Nashville, Tennessee
2011 establishments in Tennessee
Indie rock musical groups from Tennessee
American folk musical groups
American indie folk groups


title: Stylaraea

text:
Stylaraea is a genus of marine stony corals in the family Poritidae. It is a monotypic genus and the only species is Stylaraea punctata. This coral is native to shallow tidal pools in tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Description
Stylaraea punctata is probably the smallest of the zooxanthellate corals, being circular, encrusting, and usually less than  in diameter. The polyps are flower-like and less than  across, each having twelve tentacles. The cup-shaped corallites in which they sit have a solid central columella and poorly-developed calcareous septa in two whorls of six. The colouring of this coral is usually pale brown or purple with white septa and columella.<ref name=MSIP>{{cite web |url=http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=corals&menuentry=groepen&id=123&tab=beschrijving |title=Genus Stylaraea |work=Reef Corals of the Indo-Malayan Seas |publisher=Marine Species Identification Portal |accessdate=2014-02-17}}</ref>

Distribution and habitatStylaraea punctata is known from widely separated locations in the tropical Indo-Pacific region including East Africa, the Seychelles, Indonesia, the Great Barrier Reef and Guam. It is possible that it is present in other locations as it is easily overlooked. Its habitat is shallow tidal pools seldom more than half a metre deep, just above the sediment and hidden under dead pieces of coral or under massive coralline algae. In these locations it suffers little competition from other coral species.

Status
The IUCN lists Stylaraea punctata'' as "Data deficient" as it has insufficient evidence to judge its status and whether any conservation measures are required. Like other corals, this species is likely to be affected by such factors as a rise in sea temperature and ocean acidification due to climate change, and as a result be more susceptible to coral diseases.

References

Poritidae
Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards
Cnidarian genera
Taxa named by Jules Haime