title: Imouto Paradise!

text:
is a Japanese erotic visual novel developed and published by Moonstone Cherry. Imouto Paradise! was first released on January 28, 2011, playable on Windows as a PC game. On July 29, 2011, M-Trix produced an Android version of Imouto Paradise!, and on September 29, 2011, the game was released as a DVDPG edition by Dennou Club. MangaGamer released an English language localization of the game on August 22, 2014. On May 31, 2013, Paradigm published a light novel and an adult manga for Imouto Paradise! serialized in the Comic Potpourri Club magazine. A hentai original video animation series was produced. Moonstone Cherry released a sequel to the first visual novel called Imouto Paradise 2.

Gameplay

Imouto Paradise! is an erotic visual novel that takes incest as one of its major themes. In Imouto Paradise!, the player assumes the role of Sōichirō Nanase, who is the main protagonist of the first visual novel, and the older brother of the five date-able heroines presented in the game. In Imouto Paradise! 2, the player assumes the role of Sōichirō's future son, Keiichi Nanase, who is also an older brother of five younger sisters. Much of the gameplay is spent reading text that appears on the bottom of the screen, which represents the story's narrative and dialogue. Text is accompanied by character sprites, whom of which Sōichirō or Keiichi can converse with, over background art. Throughout the game, the player will encounter CG artwork, which replaces the background art and character sprites. Imouto Paradise! offers a branching plot line with multiple endings, and depending on the decisions that the player makes during the game, the plot will progress in a specific direction. There are five plot lines for each heroine that the player will have the chance to experience, and in order to experience all five plot lines, the player will have to replay the game multiple times and experiment with different choices.

The player will also encounter various background music (BGM) throughout the game, different BGMs will play depending on the atmosphere or tone of the scene. All characters are voiced in the game, with the exception of the protagonist, Sōichirō and Sōichirō's father.

Throughout gameplay, the player is given multiple options to choose from, and text progression pauses at these points until a choice is made. Some decisions can lead the game to end prematurely and offer an alternative ending to the plot. To view all plot lines in their entirety, the player will have to replay the game multiple times and choose different choices to further the plot to an alternate direction. Along with choices, the player will also have to select a heroine from the map select screen, which can also affect the ending the player attains. Throughout gameplay, there are scenes depicting the protagonist and a given heroine having sex.

Plot and characters
School has recently just let out for summer vacation, and due to business trips, the main character's parents are overseas. As an older brother,  is to spend the summer vacation alone with only his five younger sisters for company, the first being the motherly . Aya is a cheerful, always smiling, gentle little sister. She enjoys cooking, doing the laundry, cleaning, and other household chores. With both parents away, she looks after everyone. She's always loved her older brother as another guy, and thinking about how she'd want to be lovers with him, it appears that she's interested in sex. ”But I’m his blood-related little sister!” as she takes a step back while worrying about that every day. The second sister is tsundere , she is the stern little sister who watches after the studies of the others. Completely unaccustomed to anything related to sex, she's a late bloomer in that subject matter. Whenever her female siblings start to talk about anything lewd, she gets completely red in the face. Whenever her older brother is in front of her somehow or another she's always angry at him. Though that is the attitude she takes, she actually really likes her older brother. She tries her best to show those feelings of love towards him, but before anyone knows it, she hits him with an elbow. A typical tsundere who can't be honest with herself.

Thirdly, there is mild-mannered , Koharu's younger twin sister. Among her siblings she's the most timid. Quick to get flustered. She's always worried about something. Even when there's nothing there she trips and falls. When she was younger, anytime there was a problem her older brother helped her so she is rather pampered. She relies on her older brother so much that she believes that what he says is completely true to the point that when he tells total lies she totally believes him. Hiyori has no experience in sex, but is rather curious about it. Another sister includes spunky , Hiyori's older twin sister. Among her siblings she's the most energetic. With few worries, when something crosses her mind, she's a girl that blurts it out without any hesitation. She's open-minded about sex and is a type that is frank and okay with dirty jokes and indecent topics. When her parents are away, she boldly tempts her older brother with sexual advances. It's an established fact that she always outmaneuvers the others. Multi-skilled, she participates in both the tennis and swimming clubs. Due to that, she always eats a lot, but unfortunately none of those nutrients go into her chest. The last sister is the quiet, mysterious , a little sister who shows very little emotion. Her expression generally doesn't change.

She appears to love books as she's always seen walking around with one. Her room is filled with books. She's a bookworm whose thoughts can't be read. But if there's anything sexual going on, she goes after the protagonist relentlessly. This is her way of expressing affection. Believing in the absurd information she read in a book that said, ”In order to become lovers with the person you love, it’s best to train your target,” her aim is to make her older brother her own. She has learnt several sexual techniques from what she has read in books. It just so happens that Sōichirō is constantly having perverted thoughts, and on top of that, his sisters are acting oddly assertive.

Development
Ito Raifu was responsible for the directing and character designs in both games Imouto Paradise! Onii-chan to Go nin no Imouto no Ecchi Shimakuri na Mainichi, and the sequel, Imouto Paradise! 2 Onii-chan to Go nin no Imouto no Motto! Ecchi Shimakuri na Mainichi. Koizumi Hotaru produced both of the games. The scenario for Imouto Paradise! was handled by Kuzumi Takeyuki, Minase Takumi, and Wakase Ryō, it was supervised by Kure. The scenario for Imouto Paradise! 2 was handled by Minase Takumi, Takamura Hadzuki, and Izumi Manyoru. CGs in the game were produced by Rastel, Hinata Nao, En Dori, Ēkichi, and the same group handled CGs for Imouto Paradise! 2, with the addition of Meiki Hito. The design was handled by GETUMEN and Sākitto, in both games. Tetsuya provided background art in both games, with assistance from Izumoji Zensuke in the second game. Rastel, En Dori, Softhouse - Seal, and Grandee provided game animation, in Imouto Paradise! 2 the game animation was provided by Motchi Yuki. Kishimoto Mari, and Aoshima Shūzō provided the music for the first game, whilst Aoshima Shūzō provided the music for the second game. In both Imouto Paradise! and Imouto Paradise! 2, the opening movies were by Hishino Yūki. Kaori was the system supervisor for the two games.

Release
Moonstone Cherry released Imouto Paradise! Onii-chan to Go nin no Imouto no Ecchi Shimakuri na Mainichi as a DVD ROM for the PC on January 28, 2011. Before the official release, a trial edition for Imouto Paradise! was released on December 28, 2010. It was rated 18+, as all games in the Imouto Paradise! franchise are, including the download edition for Imouto Paradise!, which was released on December 9, 2011, and the H Anime Enhanced edition, which was released on March 29, 2013. An Android version of Imouto Paradise! was produced by M-Trix on July 29, 2011, and two months later the game was released for the DVD Player on September 29, 2011, by Dennou Club. An English translation for Imouto Paradise! was released in Europe by MangaGamer on August 22, 2014 and a hard copy version on March 16, 2015.

Related media

Print media
A visual fan book has been published, (), entitled Sister Paradise! Official Visual Fan Book, was published on April 26, 2011 by Kadokawa Group Publishing, and consists of 95 pages. Max has also published a book called Itou Raifu Art Works, which contains illustrations, rough line art, and pinups for the games Imouto Paradise! and Houkago☆Eroge Bu! ~Eroge Seisaku no Tame Onnanoko to Ecchi Shimakuri na Mainichi~, another visual novel developed and published by Moonstone Cherry. The book was released on April 18, 2012 for mature readers. Another related work includes an illustration compilation book commemorating the 10th anniversary of Moonstone. It contains original illustrations and comments from the illustrators of Moonstone's games, comments from various other staff such as scenario writers, and is 144 pages long. The book was published on January 25, 2013.

A light novel (), for Imouto Paradise!, was published by Paradigm under Paradigm Novels 499 on April 28, 2011. It was written by Kurotaki Itoyoshi and illustrated by Ito Raifu.

A manga adaptation for Imouto Paradise!, illustrated by Itotin, was published by Max and serialized in the Comic Potpourri Club magazine from March 2011 to May 2011. The manga contains pornographic material, and consists of three chapters.

Audio CDs
On December 29, 2010, a vocal CD containing four different variations of the opening theme for Imouto Paradise! was released, including the full version of the song, which is three minutes and forty nine seconds long. There was also a karaoke version, which was the same length as the full version, an arranged version, with a length of one minute and fifty three seconds long, and lastly, a guitar arranged version, one minute and twenty seven seconds long. The disc length in entirety is ten minutes and fifty eight seconds long. The vocal CD was released at Comic Market 79.

Two adult drama CDs entitled  were produced by Sofmap, and adapted from the first game, Imouto Paradise!. The first drama CD was produced containing Aya and Rio's stories on August 12, 2011, and the second drama CD was produced on December 16, 2011, containing Hiyori, Koharu and Michika's stories.

Anime
Two Imouto Paradise! hentai original video animation episodes based on the original game have been produced by MediaBank, directed by Murakami Teruaki, and labelled under Gold Bear. Anime Antenna linkai helped produce the anime. Both episodes ran for 30 minutes each.

The episodes were sold in separate DVD volumes in Japan. Imouto Paradise!'s first DVD volume was released by MediaBank on December 9, 2011, containing the first OVA episode. Its DVD cover art depicts Aya and Koharu. MediaBank released the second DVD volume on April 20, 2012, containing the second OVA episode. The DVD cover art depicts Rio, Hiyori, and Michika. The anime is localized in English on R18.com.

Episode list

Theme songs
Opening Theme

Performed by: Miruku
Lyrics by: Miruku
Composition and arrangement by: Aoshima Shūzō

Ending Theme

Performed by: Nagasaki
Lyrics by: Nagasaki
Composition by: Fine Chemical
Arrangement by: Fine Chemical

Reception
Imouto Paradise! and Imouto Paradise! 2 has had good sales overall. In the month and year of its release, Imouto Paradise! came No. 6 on the monthly sale ranking of January 2011, on Gethu.com, a major redistributor of visual novel and domestic anime products. In the following month of February, the game came No. 12, and in March, it ranked No. 19. On Getchu.com, Imouto Paradise! was voted as the 3rd most recommended visual novel game to play, as of January 2011. Astarcube reviewed the game and gave it a score of 79 out of 100. Merchandise for Imouto Paradise! and the game's sequel Imouto Paradise! 2 has also been presented to Japanese market, before and after the games initial releases. Merchandise for Imouto Paradise! and Imouto Paradise! 2 include dakimakura covers, pillow covers, pin-ups, telephone cards with illustrations on them, and several sexual toys.

The anime of Imouto Paradise! was reviewed by Timeenforceranubis of SLC, a hentai review site. It was a generally positive review, saying, "The girls’ voices are spot-on, each having her own manner of speaking (“Tsundere,” “Playful/Seductive,” “Loving,” etc.), but all of them eventually ending up at “desperate and horny,” which they all pull off masterfully." The critic also praises the character designs, facial expressions, and visual styles. However, they criticized, "The visual style isn’t without  problems, however. Very specifically, Hiyori’s eyes are very large, which could be an issue for some people. In addition, the erratic “camera,” while providing a sense of intensity to the sex scenes, doesn't have nearly the same effect outside of them. Rather, it makes the characters hard to focus on." They concluding the review positively, saying, "If you like incest hentai, Imouto Paradise is an absolute must-see, full stop. Those just generally into high-intensity ero-anime, as well as Teruaki Murakami fans, should check it out as well."

Cultural impact
Imouto Paradise! and its sequel Imouto Paradise! 2 are often compared to anime or manga such as Night Shift Nurses, the Bible Black series, Mai-Chan's Daily Life, and other works that are considered 'gross' or 'immoral', due to Imouto Paradise!s depictions of incest. This could also be because the Imouto Paradise! 2 manga was designated as an "unhealthy publication" by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for "glorification of incestuous acts". The title was included on SLC's 'A Beginner's Guide to Eff’d-Up Hentai', which also includes Night Shift Nurses, Bible Black, and Mai Chan's Daily Life.

Imouto Paradise! has made appearances in other media. In the Houkago☆Eroge Bu! ~Eroge Seisaku no Tame Onnanoko to Ecchi Shimakuri na Mainichi~ visual novel, there is a poster on the wall in one of the rooms, depicting Aya from Imouto Paradise!. There are posters depicting characters from other Moonstone games, including Icha Pri! ~Ojousama to Icha Love Ecchi na Mainichi~, and Princess Evangile. In the background of one of the classrooms, there is a collection of Imouto Paradise! figurines and nendoroids designed to look like the sisters.

See also
Lolicon
Incest in manga and anime

References

External links
Imouto Paradise! official website
Imouto Paradise! at MangaGamer

Imouto Paradise! Indonesia

2011 Japanese novels
2011 video games
Android (operating system) games
Anime OVAs
Bishōjo games
DVD interactive technology
Eroge
Harem anime and manga
Hentai anime and manga
Incest in anime and manga
Japan-exclusive video games
Light novels
OVAs based on video games
Seinen manga
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Windows games
Moonstone (company) games
MangaGamer games


title: Ryan MacInnis

text:
Ryan MacInnis (born February 14, 1996) is an German-American professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing under contract with Adler Mannheim of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL). MacInnis was selected by the Arizona Coyotes in the second round (43rd overall) of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. His father is the Hockey Hall of Fame defenseman Al MacInnis.

Playing career
MacInnis trained with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program team during the 2012–13 season. He played with Team USA at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, and he help the USA squad capture a bronze medal at the 2013 World U-17 Hockey Challenge
MacInnis joined the Kitchener Rangers of the Ontario Hockey League for the 2013–14 season, and was invited to take part in both the 2013 CCM/NHL Top Prospects Game and the 2014 CHL/NHL Top Prospects Game.

On April 10, 2015, MacInnis was signed to a three-year entry level contract with the Arizona Coyotes.

At the completion of the 2017–18 season, and having been unable to make progression in two seasons with the Coyotes' affiliate, the Tucson Roadrunners, MacInnis was traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jacob Graves on July 19, 2018.

MacInnis made his first appearance in an NHL game with the Blue Jackets on December 21, 2019 against the New Jersey Devils. On December 27, 2019, MacInnis picked up his first career NHL point with an assist against the Washington Capitals.

As a free agent from the Blue Jackets after three seasons within the organization, MacInnis signed a one-year, two-way contract to join the Buffalo Sabres on July 30, 2021. In the  season, MacInnis primarily featured with the Sabres AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans. He was recalled and made a single appearance with the Sabres going scoreless.

Leaving the Sabres organization as a free agent, MacInnis went un-signed over the summer leading into the 2022–23 season. On October 4, 2022, MacInnis agreed to his first contract abroad in signing a one-year deal with German club, Adler Mannheim of the DEL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

References

External links

1996 births
Adler Mannheim players
American men's ice hockey centers
Arizona Coyotes draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Cleveland Monsters players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
Rochester Americans players
Springfield Falcons players
Tucson Roadrunners players
USA Hockey National Team Development Program players
Ice hockey players at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics


title: France Avenue

text:
France Avenue is a major street in Minneapolis, Edina, and Bloomington, with shorter segments in several other suburbs (Brooklyn Park, Brooklyn Center, Robbinsdale, and Golden Valley) in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metro area.

Route description

The longest portion of France Avenue begins at the Minnesota River in Bloomington. County Road 17 begins at Old Shakopee Road. It crosses MN-62, and ends at the junction with Excelsior Boulevard at the border of Minneapolis and St. Louis Park. This portion of France Avenue includes the Southdale commercial district in Edina, and the 50th and France commercial district at the border of Minneapolis and Edina.

Between Excelsior Boulevard and W 54th Street, France Avenue designates the western border of Minneapolis.

Major intersections

References

Bloomington, Minnesota
Edina, Minnesota
Streets in Minneapolis


title: The Road (song)

text:
"The Road" is the opening track of Live: The Road, a 1988 live album by The Kinks. It was written by The Kinks' primary songwriter, Ray Davies.

Lyrics

Described as "a chronicle of the band's typical touring experiences" by AllMusic'''s Stephen Thomas Erlewine, "The Road" mentions the singer's experiences in with "bed and breakfasts and the greasy spoons ... loser bars and the noisy rooms ... [and] the casualties who did too many lines." This topic of touring has been addressed by Ray Davies multiple times prior to the writing of this song, from "This Time Tomorrow" from Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One to "Life on the Road" from the album Sleepwalker.

Release and reception

"The Road" was released on the 1988 album, Live: The Road, where it was the song recorded in the studio (and one of the two songs on the album never before released). However, prior to the release of Live: The Road, "The Road" saw single release in Britain (but not America.) Backed with a version of "Art Lover" from Live: The Road, the single failed to chart, being the first of three consecutive singles not to chart in the United Kingdom. It has since appeared on the compilation albums Lost & Found (1986-1989) and Picture Book.

Despite citing the song as a highlight from both Live: The Road and Lost & Found (1986-1989), Stephen Thomas Erlewine said that "like the rest of [Live: The Road''], the song wasn't anything special."

References

The Kinks songs
1988 singles
Songs written by Ray Davies
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies
1987 songs
MCA Records singles


title: Custos Rotulorum of Cavan

text:
The Custos Rotulorum of Cavan was the highest civil officer in County Cavan. The position was later combined with that of Lord Lieutenant of Cavan.

Incumbents

?–?1673 Sir Francis Hamilton, 1st Baronet (died 1673)
1673–?1689  Sir Charles Hamilton, Bt (died 1689)
1780–1800 Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont
1801–>1819 Nathaniel Sneyd (died 1833)
1831->1834 Thomas Taylour, 2nd Marquess of Headfort

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Cavan

References

Cavan


title: Back of the Shop

text:
Back of the Shop is a sports talk show with sports and entertainment superstars as the hosts. The show takes place in the Bronx, New York at Jordan Sport Barbershop. After first being aired on May 24, 2014 with David Ortiz, Alfonso Soriano, Iman Shumpert and Larry Johnson as guests, it now airs regularly on Tuesdays at 8:30 p.m. ET on Fox Sports 1. Because of the atmosphere, conversations remain unfiltered and allow the audience to gain insight on the thoughts of the most popular celebrities. Other guest stars include Snoop Dogg, Robinson Canó, Amar'e Stoudemire, Dez Bryant, Curtis Granderson, Gary Sheffield and more.
Jordan Sport Barbershop is located in the Bronx, New York and is owned by Jose Moises "Jordan" Lopez, who is the official barber of the New York Yankees and New York Mets.  Back of the Shop is produced by Relativity Media and Boardwalk Pictures and is directed by Andrew Fried.

Notes

References
Breaking News - FOX Sports 1 Takes Viewers Into the "Back of the Shop" | TheFutonCritic.com. (2014, January 1). Breaking News - FOX Sports 1 Takes Viewers Into the "Back of the Shop" | TheFutonCritic.com. Retrieved June 11, 2014, from http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2014/05/08/fox-sports-1-takes-viewers-into-the-back-of-the-shop-95305/20140508fox02/
Kondolojy, A. (2014, May 8). FOX Sports 1 Takes Viewers Into the 'Back of the Shop'. TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved June 11, 2014, from http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/05/08/fox-sports-1-takes-viewers-into-the-back-of-the-shop/261764/
Jordan Sport Barber Shop: Our services. (n.d.). Retrieved June 11, 2014, from https://web.archive.org/web/20131223020027/http://jordanmvpbarber.com/services/

Fox Sports 1 original programming
2010s American television talk shows
2014 American television series debuts
Television series by Boardwalk Pictures


title: Fred Tolit

text:
Major General Fred Ociti Tolit, is a military officer in the Uganda People's Defense Force. He currently serves as Uganda's Defense Attaché to South Africa, based at the country's embassy in Pretoria. He previously served as Uganda's defence attaché to Burundi, based at Uganda's Embassy in Bujumbura, since 2016.

Before that, from 2013, he served as Uganda's defense attaché to the headquarters of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Prior to that, he served as the Chairman of the UPDF General Court Martial, one of the highest military courts in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He was replaced by Brigadier Moses Ddiba Ssentongo, in June 2013.

Background
He was born in Pachua Village, Mucwini Sub-county, Kitgum District in the Acholi sub-region of the Northern Region of Uganda.

Military career
His military career includes service in the flowing capacities:

1. As Director of Military Intelligence, from 1993 until 1998.

2. As Chief of Operations and Training in UPDF in 1998.

3. As Commander of the 2nd Infantry Division, between 2000 and 2001.

4. As the Assistant Army Chief of Staff, at the level of Colonel, between 2001 and 2003.

5. As Defense Liaison Officer at the East African Community, headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania, between 2005 and 2009.

6. As Defence Attaché to Uganda's permanent mission to the United Nations headquarters in New York.

7. As Chairman of the General Court Martial of the UPDF, at the rank of Brigadier in 2012.

8. As Uganda's Defence Attaché at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, starting in 2013.

9. In 2016, he was transferred to the Uganda Embassy in Bujumbura, Burundi, as the Defence Attaché.

See also
 Charles Angina
 Moses Ssentongo
 Henry Tumukunde
 Leopold Kyanda
 Nobel Mayombo

References

External links
 Tolit Appeals for More Space for Court Martial
  New Names, Ranks In UPDF Reshuffle

People from Northern Region, Uganda
Living people
Acholi people
Ugandan military personnel
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ugandan generals


title: Realism (art movement)

text:
Realism was an artistic movement that emerged in France in the 1840s, around the 1848 Revolution. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the early 19th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and the exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement. Instead, it sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. The movement aimed to focus on unidealized subjects and events that were previously rejected in art work. Realist works depicted people of all classes in situations that arise in ordinary life, and often reflected the changes brought by the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions. Realism was primarily concerned with how things appeared to the eye, rather than containing ideal representations of the world. The popularity of such "realistic" works grew with the introduction of photography—a new visual source that created a desire for people to produce representations which look objectively real.

The Realists depicted everyday subjects and situations in contemporary settings, and attempted to depict individuals of all social classes in a similar manner.  Gloomy earth toned palettes were used to ignore beauty and idealization that was typically found in art. This movement sparked controversy because it purposefully criticized social values and the upper classes, as well as examining the new values that came along with the industrial revolution.  Realism is widely regarded as the beginning of the modern art movement due to the push to incorporate modern life and art together. Classical idealism and Romantic emotionalism and drama were avoided equally, and often sordid or untidy elements of subjects were not smoothed over or omitted. Social realism emphasizes the depiction of the working class, and treating them with the same seriousness as other classes in art, but realism, as the avoidance of artificiality, in the treatment of human relations and emotions was also an aim of Realism. Treatments of subjects in a heroic or sentimental manner were equally rejected.

Realism as an art movement was led by Gustave Courbet  in France. It spread across Europe and was influential for the rest of the century and beyond, but as it became adopted into the mainstream of painting it becomes less common and useful as a term to define artistic style. After the arrival of Impressionism and later movements which downgraded the importance of precise illusionistic brushwork, it often came to refer simply to the use of a more traditional and tighter painting style. It has been used for a number of later movements and trends in art, some involving careful illusionistic representation, such as Photorealism, and others the depiction of "realist" subject matter in a social sense, or attempts at both.

Beginnings in France

The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting. In favor of depictions of 'real' life, the Realist painters used common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works. The chief exponents of Realism were Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier, and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. Jules Bastien-Lepage is closely associated with the beginning of Naturalism, an artistic style that emerged from the later phase of the Realist movement and heralded the arrival of Impressionism.

Realists used unprettified detail depicting the existence of ordinary contemporary life, coinciding in the contemporaneous naturalist literature of Émile Zola, Honoré de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert.

Courbet was the leading proponent of Realism and he challenged the popular history painting that was favored at the state-sponsored art academy.
His groundbreaking paintings A Burial at Ornans and The Stonebreakers depicted ordinary people from his native region. Both paintings were done on huge canvases that would typically be used for history paintings. Although Courbet's early works emulated the sophisticated manner of Old Masters such as Rembrandt and Titian, after 1848 he adopted a boldly inelegant style inspired by popular prints, shop signs, and other work of folk artisans. In The Stonebreakers, his first painting to create a controversy, Courbet eschewed the pastoral tradition of representing human subjects in harmony with nature. Rather, he depicted two men juxtaposed against a charmless, stony roadside. The concealment of their faces emphasizes the dehumanizing nature of their monotonous, repetitive labor.

Beyond France

The French Realist movement had stylistic and ideological equivalents in all other Western countries, developing somewhat later. The Realist movement in France was characterized by a spirit of rebellion against powerful official support for history painting. In countries where institutional support of history painting was less dominant, the transition from existing traditions of genre painting to Realism presented no such schism. An important Realist movement beyond France was the Peredvizhniki or Wanderers group in Russia who formed in the 1860s and organized exhibitions from 1871 included many realists such as genre artist Vasily Perov, landscape artists Ivan Shishkin, Alexei Savrasov, and Arkhip Kuindzhi, portraitist Ivan Kramskoy, war artist Vasily Vereshchagin, historical artist Vasily Surikov and, especially, Ilya Repin, who is considered by many to be the most renowned Russian artist of the 19th century.

Courbet's influence was felt most strongly in Germany, where prominent realists included Adolph Menzel, Wilhelm Leibl, Wilhelm Trübner, and Max Liebermann. Leibl and several other young German painters met Courbet in 1869 when he visited Munich to exhibit his works and demonstrate his manner of painting from nature. In Italy the artists of the Macchiaioli group painted Realist scenes of rural and urban life. The Hague School were Realists in the Netherlands whose style and subject matter strongly influenced the early works of Vincent van Gogh. In Britain artists such as the American James Abbott McNeill Whistler, as well as English artists Ford Madox Brown, Hubert von Herkomer and Luke Fildes had great success with realist paintings dealing with social issues and depictions of the "real" world.

In the United States, Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins were important Realists and forerunners of the Ashcan School, an early-20th-century art movement largely based in New York City. The Ashcan School included such artists as George Bellows and Robert Henri, and helped to define American realism in its tendency to depict the daily life of poorer members of society.

Later on in America, the term realism took on various new definitions and adaptations once the movement hit the U.S. Surrealism and magical realism developed out of the French realist movement in the 1930s, and in the 1950s new realism developed. This sub-movement considered art to exist as a thing in itself opposed to representations of the real world. In modern-day America, realism art is generally regarded as anything that does not fall into abstract art, therefore including mostly art that depicts realities.

References

External links
19th Century French Realism, Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Art movements
French art movements
Art history
19th century in art
Visual arts theory
American art movements
Russian art movements


title: Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Bawtry

text:
The Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, Bawtry was a charity established in Bawtry in the thirteenth century. The surviving chapel building is now a masonic lodge and Grade II listed.

History
It was probably in the episcopacy of Geoffrey Plantagenet or his immediate predecessor, that the foundation of St. Mary Magdalene was laid, and it has remained under patronage of the Archbishop of York up to the present time. (1891)  ..... in the year 1289 the first recorded name if its incumbents occurs, The Rev.THomas langtoft.

The exact date of the foundation of the hospital is uncertain but it was in existence by the end of the thirteenth century. The patronage for the appointment of the Master was in the hands of the Archbishops of York. Archbishop William de Wickwane granted permission for Gilbert and his wife to live in the hospital in 1281.

In 1390, Robert Morton extended the foundation by granting Nostell Priory a sum of money which was to be used to fund a chaplain to the Hospital. On his death in 1396 a sum of money was also left directly to the hospital.

The purpose of the hospital was as a place of residence for the poor.

It survived the dissolution of the monasteries but through the lack of care of subsequent masters, by 1834 the chapel was derelict. It was restored in 1839 by Mr. Edward Harwood Greaves of Hesley Hall.

The chapel fell into disuse again in the 1920s and was converted into a masonic lodge in 1930 when the almshouses were demolished.

Masters of Bawtry Hospital

Roger, 1280
Thomas de Langtoft, 1289
Roger, 1299
Adam Usflet, c. 1320
Elyas de Thoreston, resigned 1361
John de Grandle, 1361
Henry Barton, resigned 1363
Roger de Nassington, 1363
Robert del Strete, occurs 1390
William Myrfyne, occurs 1403
Roger Malton, died 1421
William Sadeler, 1421
Thomas Wirell, c. 1450
John Hawkins, c. 1510
William Hollgill, occurs 1527
Richard Pygott, occurs 1534
William Clayburgh, S.T.P., 1549
John Houseman, resigned 1584
James Brewster, 1584
John Cooper, 1590
John Slacke, 1610
Walter Bernard 1643
John Lake 1674
Samuel Crowbrow 1683
Benjamin Day 1690
John Ludlam 1732
John Ella 1752
William Hodges 1803
John Rudd 1816
William Henry Downes 1834

References

Bawtry
Bawtry
Bawtry
Grade II listed almshouses


title: Law enforcement in Massachusetts

text:
Many municipalities of Massachusetts have their own police departments, as do many colleges and universities. Though most county governments have been abolished, each county still has a Sheriff's Department which operates jails and correctional facilities and service of process within the county.

The Massachusetts State Police have statewide jurisdiction, including full criminal law enforcement, Highway Patrol and traffic enforcement, investigation, and special air, marine, and tactical response.  They share concurrent jurisdiction with municipal and institutional departments, and have primary jurisdiction in towns that have no local police force.  State police divisions ("Troops") are dedicated to the Massachusetts Turnpike and Logan International Airport, and since 1992 the state police have had primary responsibility for the state capital building, facilities of the Registry of Motor Vehicles, and DCR parks.  While State Police investigators have jurisdiction to investigate all crimes anywhere in the commonwealth, the Boston, Springfield, Worcester and Pittsfield police departments have been designated by the local district attorneys to investigate homicides under their direction.

Though fully deputized in 175 cities and towns, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police have primary responsibility for MBTA facilities and commuter railroads statewide, and share enforcement duties (such as writing tickets for parking in bus stops) with local and state police, especially in remote areas and on Massport property, which is policed by the Massport Police.  The Massachusetts Environmental Police are also independent of the State Police.The horse mounted Boston Park Rangers patrol the hubs parks.

The US Coast Guard Station in Boston provides Law enforcement services in the ocean surrounding Massachusetts. Harbormasters in the area enforce the law in Massachusetts harbors.

Massachusetts Army National Guard has reserve CID agents who can investigate breaches of military and Federal law. At the same time the Massachusetts Fire Marshall has detectives who investigate suspicious fires and explosions. District Attorney offices often have officers or troopers assigned to them to assist with prosecutions.

Railroad police also have authority on railroad property. Railroad and ferry company employees may be appointed as special state police officers under Massachusetts state law, with jurisdiction on company property and vehicles. Federal regulations extend the authority granted by one state to a railroad police officer to all the states in which that railroad has property.

See also
 List of law enforcement agencies in Massachusetts

References


title: Belinurus

text:
Belinurus is an extinct genus of arthropods belonging to the order Xiphosura. It is part of the family Belinuridae, in the infraorder Belinurina. There used to be a longstanding academic controversy on whether Belinurus (König, 1820), Belinurus (Bronn, 1839) or Bellinurus (Pictet, 1846) had priority as a name over the genus. In 2021, the American paleontologist James C. Lamsdell did a study on this controversy and determined that the first name was not formally published and was therefore invalid and that the second one was valid and therefore had priority over the third one, the name of the genus thus being Belinurus.

The genus Belinurus is composed by the species B. trilobitoides (the type species), B. lacoei, B. silesiacus, B. sustai and the dubious species B. iswariensis, B. kiltorcanensis. B. metschensis and B. stepanovi.

References

Xiphosura
Fossils of Wales


title: BioSteel All-American Game

text:
The BioSteel All-American Game (formerly the CCM/USA Hockey All-American Prospects Game) is an annual ice hockey event in which 40 of the top American-born NHL Entry Draft eligible prospects play against each other in an exhibition game, each hoping to boost their draft ranking with the National Hockey League scouts and general managers who attend. To date, 74 alumni have been drafted in the NHL, including 15 first-round selections.

Results

NHL first round draft picks

See also
CHL/NHL Top Prospects Game

References

Ice hockey tournaments in the United States
National Hockey League Entry Draft
National Hockey League
2012 establishments in the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 2012


title: Desportivo da EKA

text:
Desportivo da Eka is an Angolan football club based in the town of Dondo, Kwanza Norte in north Angola.

The club is attached and named after Angola's brewery EKA (Empresa Angolana de Cervejas, SARL).

League & Cup Positions

Stadium
Desportivo da Eka's home stadium is nicknamed Inferno do Dondo (Dondo's Hell).

Manager history and performance

References

External links

Football clubs in Angola


title: North London Grammar School

text:
North London Grammar School is a non-denominational private secondary and preparatory school for girls and boys aged 718 located in Hendon, Barnet, a suburb of North London, England.

NLGS was formerly the Wisdom School, established in Tottenham, Haringey in 2006. The expanded school, which opened in September 2014, offers a 50,000 square foot site versus the former 6000 square foot Tottenham site.

The school was rated Outstanding in all categories according to Ofsted's 2018 report.

The school has a capacity for 330 students and space for 30 boarding students. The boarding site is located within the school building. The school accepts day/boarding, local, national and international students.

The recently refurbished boarding house is home to 29 boys. They are of mixed year groups, with their number of boarders ranging from year 8 to year 11. Our boarders develop a close attachment to their peers, where they live and study under the care of a supervisor who knows them thoroughly and who maintains a close relationship with their families back home. Our boarding is accredited by the Boarding Schools Association.

References

External links
  North London Grammar School

2006 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in 2006
Boarding schools in London
Private co-educational schools in London
Private schools in the London Borough of Barnet


The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015 () is an appropriations bill that would provide funding for the United States Department of Defense for fiscal year 2015 of approximately $491 billion.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Background

An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year. The fiscal year is the accounting period of the federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year. The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015 is an example of a regular appropriations bill.

Appropriations bills are one part of a larger United States budget and spending process. They are preceded in that process by the president's budget proposal, congressional budget resolutions, and the 302(b) allocation. The U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 9, clause 7) states that "No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law..." This is what gives Congress the power to make these appropriations. The President, however, still has the power to veto appropriations bills.

The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015 falls under the jurisdiction of the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense. The bill covers appropriations for the Department of Defense. The House and Senate currently consider appropriations bills simultaneously, although originally the House went first. The House Committee on Appropriations usually reports the appropriations bills in May and June and the Senate in June. Any differences between appropriations bills passed by the House and the Senate are resolved in the fall.

In 2013, Congress was unable to pass all twelve appropriations bills (for fiscal year 2014) before October 1, 2013 when the new fiscal year. This led to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. The shutdown lasted for 16 days. Finally, late in the evening of October 16, 2013, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, and the President signed it shortly after midnight on October 17, ending the government shutdown and suspending the debt limit until February 7, 2014. In reaction to this situation, House Committee on Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers has stated that his goal is to pass all twelve regular appropriations bills for 2015 before Congress has a recess in August because he wants to avoid a similar situation.

Provisions of the bill
The bill would appropriate $491 billion to the Defense Department. This amount was $200 million over what President Obama requested in his budget and $4.1 billion more than the fiscal year 2014 enact level.
The Defense Department would not be allowed to use any of the appropriated funds to move prisoners from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba.
The bill "would cut off funding for arms deals with Russian corporation Rosoboronexport until" the Secretary of Defense can "certify the company has stopped transferring weapons into Syria."

Procedural history
The Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2015 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on June 13, 2014 by Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen (R-NJ). The bill was under the jurisdiction of the United States House Committee on Appropriations. It was scheduled to be considered on the House floor on June 18, 2014.

Debate and discussion
The provision of the bill that forbade the transfer of Guantanamo Bay prisoners was a reaction to the controversial exchange of five prisoners in exchange for the return of Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl from the Taliban.

Failed provisions
Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) offered two amendments in committee, both of which failed. The first would have prohibited the use of any funds for use with the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002. Lee said it was time to give the Iraq War "an official, legal end." The amendment was voted down 31-17, with Rep. Frelinghuysen arguing that there were no funds devoted to Iraq in the bill and all the troops had left in 2011. Lee's second amendment would have required the executive branch to report to Congress on actions taken under the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists from 13 years ago. This amendment was also defeated, 27-21, with Frelinghuysen arguing that it could give away classified information.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
2015 United States federal appropriations

References

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 4870
beta.congress.gov H.R. 4870
GovTrack.us H.R. 4870
OpenCongress.org H.R. 4870

Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
United States federal appropriations in the 113th Congress


title: Forehand & Wadsworth

text:
Forehand & Wadsworth (later known as Forehand Arms) was an American firearms manufacturing company based in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was formed in 1871 by Sullivan Forehand and Henry C. Wadsworth after the death of their father-in-law, Ethan Allen of Ethan Allen & Company, and was acquired in 1902 by Hopkins & Allen, a firearms company based in Connecticut.

History
In 1871, Sullivan Forehand and Henry C. Wadsworth founded Forehand & Wadsworth from the remnants of Ethan Allen & Company after the death of their father-in-law, Ethan Allen. Wadsworth sold his share of the company to Forehand in 1890 in order to retire, and the company was rebranded as Forehand Arms.

From 1871-1890, the firm was known as Forehand and Wadsworth. In 1890, Henry Wadsworth retired, and the company name was changed to Forehand Arms Company. It operated under the name Forehand Arms Company until the death of Sullivan Forehand in 1898. In 1902, the company was acquired by Hopkins and Allen.

The company manufactured a variety of black powder and cartridge revolvers, including several versions of the British Bull Dog revolver. Other offerings included derringers, rifles, and shotguns.

Forehand's sons ran the business for several years following the death of their father, then sold it in 1902 to Hopkins & Allen, who had been making Forehand Arms' revolvers under contract.

Legal matters
The company was involved with a patent infringement lawsuit on behalf of one of their employees, John C. Howe, against the United States government. Howe had patented an ammunition cartridge in 1864, and the US government infringed upon this design in 1868 with the "Cup Anvil Cartridge" until the expiration of Howe's patent in 1881. Howe asked Forehand to bring a lawsuit against the government, and eight years later the company won the suit on behalf of Howe with a judgement of $66,000. The lawsuit was not paid until after Howe's death and a few weeks before the death of Forehand in 1898.

In popular culture
A Forehand & Wadsworth British Bull Dog revolver was used in the 1993 movie, Tombstone, by Joanna Pacula while portraying Big Nose Kate.

Gallery

References

External links
 US Patent 43,851: Improvement in metallic cartridges issued to John C. Howe (August 16, 1864)
 US Patent 116,422: Improvement in revolving fire-arms issued to Forehand & Wadsworth (June 27, 1871)
 Forehand & Wadsworth Catalogs in Current Publication from Cornell Publications LLC
 Forehand & Wadsworth single Damascus Barrel Shotgun via YouTube
 Western Guns - Black Powder #10 - Forehand Derringer 1875 via YouTube
 Forehand And Wadsworth British Bulldog 38 Pocket Concealed Carry Revolver Review via YouTube

Companies established in 1871
Defunct firearms manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts


title: Rise of Incarnates

text:
Rise of Incarnates was a multiplayer free-to-play fighting video game developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. Announced early 2014 and presented at the 2014 Electronic Entertainment Expo, the game featured two-on-two gameplay. The game was developed by the same staff that worked on the Soulcalibur, Tekken, and Mobile Suit Gundam: Extreme Vs. series, three major fighting game franchises of Bandai Namco. It was released in July 2015. The game was pulled from Steam in October 2015, and its servers were shut down in December 2015.

Gameplay
The game's playable characters were the so-called Incarnates, humans who have awoken mythical powers. Players could apply long-range assault with close-quarter combat. Their powers allowed them to transform into a creature or summon a being to assist them in battle.

Battle arenas were set in places like:
 New York City
 San Francisco
 London
 Paris
 Washington, D.C.

Synopsis

Setting
Rise of Incarnates is set in a post-apocalyptic Earth. A string of "cube phenomena", which saw objects and spaces appearing as perfect cubes, attract multiple catastrophic events, including meteorites falling from the sky and massive cold fronts sweeping across the land which brought about the collapse of cities around the world, leading the people in the planet to live in a state of perpetual fear. Among the people are those known as "incarnates"—humans who can draw powers from daimones; spirit manifestations of the gods, demons, and monsters from all of the world's mythologies. General public fear incarnates for their supernatural powers, not helped by the fact that the cube phenomenon is sighted every time the incarnates use their powers, while the authorities attempt to harness their powers for their own deeds.

For this reason, several different factions have been formed in reaction to the rise of the incarnates. The U.S. government has formed the "Phantom Unit", an experimental incarnate deployment program that seeks to become the incubator for incarnates and place them in various agencies based on their aptitude, as well as the "Wild Hunt", a covert organization in several squadrons answering directly to the President of the United States, created with the goal of apprehending and exterminating unregistered incarnates. Across the pond, the British government has also formed the "Were-Legion" with the same purpose as the Phantom Unit but is composed of incarnates that take the form of shapeshifters. In the wake of the hostility and persecution that occur between the incarnates and the powerless, two competing organizations were formed: Akohr, an elite organization that considers the incarnates as abominations to the human race and seeks to annihilate them with the "Slayer"; and Vikarāla, an India-based industry corporation that had stepped in as the main facilitator of communication between individuals free of cost with a hidden agenda: ensuring that the incarnates rule the world.

A battle of dominance between each incarnates is triggered when one day, an enigmatic voice speaks in the mind of every incarnates, requiring them to defeat the "sovereign of this era" to avoid a certain destruction.

Plot
While driving with his girlfriend, Emily, incarnate Jedrek Tyler has to watch her getting captured by a convoy of Wild Hunt, a U.S. government paramilitary organization. Resolving to find her, he teams up with Terrence Blake, a Wild Hunt renegade. The two receive help from arms dealer Mireia Valentin, who informs them about "the Prophet", a classified profile in the U.S. government; the U.S. government in turn is trying to locate "the Herald", a being connected to the Prophet. The three later learn that Emily, despite not being an incarnate, has the ability to channel the incarnates' lamia energy.

The case about the Prophet, a being contained in the body of a man named Oswald Coleman, attracts numerous people to try to delve into its identity and potentially seek its power, including Reinhold Kruger, a British commander of the "Were-Legion" interested in using the figure to bring about a world revolution. Concerned, U.S. President Sanders tasks Erendira Queen, the leader of the Wild Hunt, to protect the Prophet at all costs. At the same time, there also exists Kanat, a mysterious incarnate who has the ability to turn people he heal into incarnates. Kanat is protected by Ricardo Abascal from the attack of Akohr, an experimental organization intending to eradicate incarnates once and for all.

Eventually, the Prophet summons a demonic being, Red Dragon, who is actually Jedrek from a parallel universe. The Red Dragon is controlled by the Herald, revealed to be none other than Emily, an artificial human created by the Prophet to turn humans and incarnates against each other; the real Emily, President Sanders' daughter, had died a long time ago. Sanders kills her to stop the Red Dragon's rampage, though this only earns him Jedrek's hatred. Seeing Sanders overwhelming Jedrek in a duel, Mireia kills the former. The remaining incarnates attempt stop the Prophet from escaping, to no avail. The Prophet then reveals that he has been using Sanders, "the Sovereign", all along, his goal being to reign over a new world.

Characters

Playable
Jedrek TylerA young man who has recently awakened his incarnate after a street fight that left him severely injured, whose Mephistopheles often enters Jedrek's mind and urges him to succumb to his thirst for violence and devastation. He becomes involved in the battle among the factions when his girlfriend, Emily, is kidnapped by the Wild Hunt under the U.S. government, who plans to use her for an unknown purpose.
His daimon is Mephistopheles.
Terrence BlakeA runaway member of the Wild Hunt who severed his ties with the U.S. government after they decided to uphold a law that severely limited the rights of the incarnates. He is very pro-incarnate, contrasting him with his former comrade, Erendira Quinn, with whom he is implied to have a special relationship. Blake awoke his incarnate powers after watching his parents die in a pirate raid. He has the power of "Deuteros" (the ability to summon a god to aid him).
His daimon is Ares.
Mireia ValentinA sarcastic arms dealer eager to venture on the highest classified profile in the U.S. government known as "the Prophet". She is well-acquainted with her partner-in-crime, Edgar Burns, as well as Ishin Asakura and his late friend, Himuro, whose daughter, Yuki, she later takes custody of. Her incarnate transforms her into a multi-winged creature.
Her daimon is Lilith.
Gaspard WatteauA specialist in incarnate research-turned-criminal wanting to exact revenge against the U.S. government for having abandoned his project. He plans to convert incarnates into zombies, deeming them as the perfect subjects under his control. Watteau's incarnate allows him to summon zombies at his disposal.
His daimon is the Grim Reaper.
Erendira QuinnCommander of the First Squadron of the Wild Hunt organization with has an abusive childhood. Her only loyalty is to President Sanders, even when his plans are in question. She is also close to Terrence Blake before his departure and even then, she still maintains contacts with him to further her objectives in the organization.
Her daimon is Brynhildr.
Reinhold KrugerCommander of the Were-Legion who wants to overture the European power structure and heighten the incarnates' dominance. He has his attention on "the Prophet", which is currently held by the U.S. government under President Sanders.
His daimon is Odin.
Ricardo AbascalFormer doctor who used to hate incarnates after his family was killed by one of them, but after saving Kanat, a healer boy, and becoming incarnate through the child's power, he cast that hatred aside and promised to help anyone along the way, considering both sides as equal from now on.
His daimon is Ra.
Brad BurrellA member of the Were-Legion forces who used to think he had no important mission until Colonel Kruger took charge. From then on, Burrell owes his loyalty to him.
His daimon is Fenrir.
Fernando "Slayer" DuranA follower of Akohr who was subjected to an experiment in which his human body was modified with an armor and a lamina weapon, giving him the ability to control his own lamina energy. In his new form, he gained a reputation for his record on killing incarnates. Duran has also a shared past with his former Akohr partner, Ricardo Abascal.
Duran does not have a daimon, but is able to fight on equal grounds with other incarnates by his robotic equipment that controls lamina energy.
Zaur MiljkovichAn ex-employee of Akohr who went on the run after awaking his incarnate, until he was found by the Vikarāla corporation.
His daimon is Loki.
Asha MehtaThe ruthless CEO of Vikarāla Corporation who is known because of her work in the post-disaster global reconstruction effort. She possesses a vision of the future in which incarnates reign over the powerless masses. Her followers call her Rani ("lady").
Her daimon is Kali.
Gordon Matthew SandersThe President of the United States who ascended to the presidency placing an incarnate at the pinnacle of American power. He is the true leader of the Wild Hunt faction, and has a prisoner called "The Prophet" in custody but he needs to capture "The Herald" in order to achieve his final goal. According to the Prophet, Sanders is the one who becomes the "Sovereign."
His daimon is Zeus.
Yuki HimuroA 17-year old Japanese schoolgirl from Hokkaido whose father was killed by the Vikarāla. She is herself targeted by the Vikarāla and is currently on travel with Mireia and Edgar so she can train her incarnate powers.
Her daimon is Utsuta Hime.
"Red Dragon"Once a human who rose against the Sovereign after the first annihilation of humankind under the orders of the Prophet, he was put into a stasis and given lamina and herald tissue, which transformed him into the being he is today. He is actually Jedrek from an alternate timeline who is brought to the current timeline by the Prophet to turn incarnates against humans through the control of the Herald. He is killed by President Sanders.
The Prophet used to be his daimon.

Non-playable
EmilyJedrek Tyler's girlfriend who has no fear against him for being an incarnate. After they crashed within gang-controlled territory, Jedrek unleashed Mephistopheles for the first time. She is pursued by the Wild Hunt thereafter, referring her as the "Herald". It is later revealed that the real Emily was President Sanders' daughter who had died a while back; the current Emily, the Herald, is controlled by the Prophet to turn the incarnates against humans. She is the one who controls Red Dragon after his awakening, but both are subsequently killed by Sanders, angering Jedrek.
Edgar BurnsMireia Valentin's partner-in-crime who provides her with weapons and arms. He is well aware of the incarnate world and has connections with many incarnates, including Ishin and Himuro. He fights with a gun.
KanatA healer boy who is one of Akohr's targets, and he is being safely kept by Ricardo Abascal. He possesses a phoenix that allows him to heal people, turning them into incarnates.
Dr. Sakaki An employee of Akohr who has been in charge of the "Slayer" program, the one that turned Fernando Duran into a cyborg.
Ishin Asakura A Japanese incarnate and an old friend of Yuki Himuro's father. He became a father-figure to Yuki and trained her to control her incarnate powers before passing her over to Mireia so he can concentrate on his own plans.
Oswald ColemanA prisoner who shares his mind with the daimon known as "The Prophet" who is the reason why they are both captive by Gordon Sanders.
The ProphetA daimon from a future timeline who is responsible for bringing each incarnate his/her own Lamina weapon in order to defeat the Sovereign. He was able to bond with a human nicknamed the "Red Dragon," the direct descendant of Jedrek Tyler. At the end of issue #17 it was revealed that he is the real mastermind of all the events in the game, as he initially wanted to kill Gordon Sanders to fulfill his own agenda.

Comics
The game's official website released an online graphic novel that features some of the game's events. In collaboration with Marvel Comics, Bandai Namco adapted the web comic into a 17-issue comic book.

The new comic series made its debut on July 23, 2014, at San Diego Comic-Con, with the first two issues in a combined volume. Marvel Custom Solutions vice president Jonathan Rheingold said "Bandai Namco Games and Marvel working together was a no-brainer. Both companies hold to the highest standards of quality storytelling, artistic talent recruitment and character creation, so it was a natural connection for Marvel to offer its expertise to the legendary video game developer in packaging and distributing the comic book adaptation of Rise of Incarnates."

The newly released volume was also available at approximately 2,500 comic speciality shops supporting Marvel Comics for free from July 24, 2014. Additionally, the comics were accessible for free digitally through the Marvel Unlimited Comics App on iOS and Android devices.

Reception

It has a score of 68% on Metacritic. IGN awarded it a score of 8.0 out of 10, saying "Rise of Incarnates' great fighting action depends heavily on teamwork - when you bring a friend, it shines." GamesTM said the combat was well structured.

Awards

References

2015 video games
Alternate history video games
Apocalyptic video games
Mythopoeia
Bandai Namco games
Video games adapted into comics
Video games about demons
Fighting games
Free-to-play video games
Video games based on mythology
Post-apocalyptic video games
Science fiction video games
Video games about time travel
Video games based on multiple mythologies
Video games developed in Japan
Video games set in London
Video games set in New York City
Video games set in Paris
Video games set in San Francisco
Video games set in Washington, D.C.
Windows games
Windows-only games


title: Klapmeier brothers

text:
The Klapmeier brothers, Alan Lee Klapmeier (born October 6, 1958) and Dale Edward Klapmeier (born July 2, 1961), are retired American aircraft designers and aviation entrepreneurs who together founded the Cirrus Design Corporation in 1984. Under the leadership of the Klapmeiers, Cirrus was the first aircraft manufacturer to install a whole-plane parachute recovery system as a standard on all its models—designed to lower the airplane (and occupants) safely to the ground in case of an emergency. The device is attributed with saving over 200 lives to date. From the brothers' use of all-composite airframe construction and glass panel cockpits on production aircraft, Cirrus is known for having revolutionized general aviation for modern light aircraft pilots.

Forbes magazine named Cirrus's highly popular single-engine SR-series (the SR20 and SR22, certified in 1998 and 2000 respectively) Best Private Airplane, saying "the Klapmeier brothers built the first genuinely new plane in the sky in many years", Time magazine regarded them as "giving lift to the small-plane industry with an easy-to-fly design", and Flying magazine ranked Alan and Dale at number 17 on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation; they are the two highest-ranked living people on the list. The Klapmeier brothers were inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2014.

The brothers started Cirrus in the basement of their parents' rural dairy barn near Baraboo, Wisconsin. Their first design, the VK-30 homebuilt aircraft, was introduced in 1987, although sales of the kit fluctuated and deliveries ultimately ceased only a few years later. As the company grew they moved it in 1994 to Duluth, Minnesota, where from 2003 until his departure from Cirrus in 2009, Alan had heavy influence over the early design and development of the Vision Jet. Dale then continued the program, leading it to certification in 2016 and production in the ensuing years. The aircraft won the Collier Trophy in 2018 for representing the first jet of its kind to enter the market.

After Cirrus, Alan became CEO of Kestrel Aircraft in 2010, which merged with Eclipse Aerospace in 2015 to form One Aviation. The company ended operations in 2021. Dale remains at Cirrus as a senior advisor and served as its CEO from 2011 to 2019.

Background

Early life
Alan and Dale Klapmeier grew up in DeKalb, Illinois and attended DeKalb High School. Their parents bought a second home in the early 1970s on a small, rural farm near Baraboo, Wisconsin. Aviation was a part of the brothers' lives from a very early age. Alan told Airport Journals in 2006 that when he was a baby, the only way his mother could get him to stop crying at times was to bring him to an airport and park the car at the end of the runway so he could watch airplanes; a tradition she continued with Dale soon after his birth as well. The brothers frequently built model airplanes as young children and rode their bicycles to local airports. When Dale reached the age of 15, he learned to fly in a Cessna 140 before learning to drive a car. Alan joined the Civil Air Patrol at age 17 as a way of receiving more affordable flying lessons. In his youth he often spoke about how he and his younger brother would one day design and build aircraft that would compete with Cessna.

Family
Alan and Dale are two of three children born to Larry and Carol Klapmeier. They come from an entrepreneurial family. The eldest brother, Ernie Klapmeier, opened his own accessory store of military reenactment goods and regalia in Aurora, Illinois and managed the shop for many years since its founding in 1997; their uncle, Jim Klapmeier, and grandfather, Elmer Klapmeier, were both entrepreneurs in the boat manufacturing industry and started as a two-person company building pontoon-like houseboats on Rainy Lake, Minnesota throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. Elmer ran a second business flying a "puddle jumper" plane around Wisconsin delivering parts to dairy farmers, while Jim later moved the boat project to a facility in Mora, Minnesota where he grew and retained it for several decades, transitioning into the market of fiberglass motor yachts.

Larry and Carol were also entrepreneurs who founded a successful nursing home near Chicago, of which the three brothers worked at as kids doing janitorial chores during the 1960s and 1970s.

Education
Alan graduated in 1980 from Wisconsin's Ripon College with degrees in physics and economics. While a senior there in 1979, he began developing sketches of an airplane that would become the Cirrus VK-30, and worked for more than three years in the Ripon admissions office while Dale finished college. Dale graduated in 1983 from the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point with degrees in business administration and economics. He once said that his fall-back plan was to become a banker had their early career in aviation never succeeded.

Career

Early work
In 1979, Dale discovered a wrecked 1960 Aeronca Champ flipped over and abandoned at an airport in northern Wisconsin. The brothers then bought the plane from its owner with the very little money they had and rebuilt it in the shed at their family farmhouse. This was their first experience working on an aircraft as a self-taught restoration project, followed by the making of a Glasair I they saw introduced by homebuilt aircraft engineer and entrepreneur Tom Hamilton at the 1980 EAA Convention and Fly-In (now called AirVenture) in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. David Gustafson of Aircraft Spruce noted in 2012 that the only way the Klapmeier brothers' parents would lend them the money to buy a Glasair was if they wrote up a business plan explaining why constructing a homebuilt would further their professional lives.

Cirrus Aircraft

1980s: VK-30, barn, inspiration for parachute, municipal airport

Soon after Dale graduated from college the brothers formed an aircraft company in January 1984, which they named "Cirrus Design" (now known as Cirrus Aircraft) in remembrance of a summer drive they had a few years back where they saw cirrus clouds on the horizon and wished that they were flying. Once they started the company, the Klapmeiers called upon Alan's former college roommate, Jeff Viken, to help out with their new design: the VK-30 (VK standing for Viken-Klapmeier). Viken was an aeronautical engineer who eventually married another aeronautical engineer, Sally Viken, and the unpaid Cirrus staff grew to four volunteers (with occasional help from the Klapmeiers' high school friend, Scott Ellenberger). The Cirrus VK-30 was a single-engine five-seat composite pusher with conventional wings and tail. Alan and Dale moved into the family farmhouse to be closer to the project and began work on the airplane in the basement of the barn "down where the cows were". They all pitched in with the designing and balanced that with hands-on labor. Jeff designed the airfoil while Sally designed the flap system. The four of them would finish designing a part or a system, build it, and return to designing. Experimental aircraft innovator Molt Taylor gave the Klapmeiers and Vikens technical advice surrounding the VK-30.

The Klapmeier brothers would often fly their Champ from the farm up to their uncle's boat-building business in Mora to borrow tools and other supplies—such as polyester resin—for building the plane and molding its fuselage. To reduce cost, they went to different junk yards around southern Wisconsin and bought what they needed: a control system out of a wrecked Piper aircraft, a Cherokee nose landing gear to weld parts onto it and convert it to a retractable gear, and an O-540 (290 hp) engine they got off a scrapped de Havilland Heron. The first VK-30 slowly took shape.

In 1985, near the Sauk–Prairie Airport shortly after takeoff, Alan was involved in a fatal mid-air collision where the airplane he was flying, a Cessna 182, lost a portion of its wing including half of the aileron. The other plane, a Piper PA-15, spun into the ground killing the pilot, but Alan was able to maneuver a landing back on the runway by keeping high airspeed and using full aileron deflection. From surviving this incident, Alan sought to make flying safer—ultimately leading to the brothers' pursuit of implementing a parachute on all their designs starting in the mid-1990s.

In 1986, the Klapmeiers hired their first paid-employee, an experienced welder and aluminum component designer by the name of Dennis Schlieckau. They then borrowed money from friends and family in order to build a hangar on the Baraboo-Wisconsin Dells Airport, and moved the VK-30 project from the barn to their new Baraboo headquarters with now only three other employees assisting them (a few years later they would build a second hangar for the production of more prototypes).

Their first display of the VK-30 was at the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh airshow in 1987. In 1988, the Cirrus team was gradually beginning to grow with over a dozen employees. That year the Klapmeiers hired two of their most vital employees: Patrick Waddick, Cirrus's current President and Chief Operating Officer (originally hired as an intern sweeping floors), and Paul Johnston, the company's Chief Engineer, also known as one of their most gifted designers. After conducting multiple stress-tests on the wing, the first VK-30 prototype was ready to fly. Both Alan and Dale wanted to make the first flight, but their mother would not let them. Jeff Viken knew a test pilot from NASA Langley named Jim Patton, who made the first test flight on February 11, 1988. They sold their first few kits at EAA AirVenture later that same year. Jeff and Sally Viken left the company shortly thereafter.

At the end of the 1980s, the Klapmeier brothers approached inventor Sam Williams of Williams International about the possibility of installing a small, single fan-jet engine on the VK-30. The idea never materialized at the time, however, it would significantly inspire the design of the original Vision Jet concepts from the early-to-mid 2000s.

1990s: ST50, factory, SR20, company innovation and flight-testing
In the early 1990s, sales of the VK-30 were dwindling down; it became a market failure. By the time they discontinued production in the middle of the decade they had sold and shipped out 40 kits, of which only 13 were finished and flown. Towards the end of 1991, the brothers began to question their goals and started thinking about their lifelong dream of getting into the world of certified aircraft. Alan began making sketches for the ST-50, a five-seat single-engine turboprop. Dale wanted something simpler and began fiddling with a concept that was to evolve into the SR20.

Cirrus started developing the ST-50 in the mid 1990s under contract to Israeli aircraft manufacturer IsrAviation. The aircraft was configured like the VK-30 but was powered by a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6-135 engine, in place of the piston engine used in the VK-30. The prototype was first flown on December 7, 1994. During the beginning of that year, Alan and Dale moved the company from their headquarters in Baraboo to a 30,000-square-foot research and development facility in Duluth, Minnesota, bringing 35 employees with them and hiring another 15 at once. They began work on the Cirrus SR20, a four-passenger, single-engine, piston-powered composite aircraft. Cirrus then released its new marketing campaign: "Hangar X", displaying a secret facility with nothing but a dim light and slightly cracked door. Inside was the "mysterious to-be-certified aircraft", but its unveiling would not come for a few more months, during the summer of 1994. The Klapmeier brothers and their team took much inspiration from the automotive industry while designing the airplane's interior.

Around this time, the brothers had the roles of Alan traveling around the country looking for investors and raising the capital Cirrus needed to certify the SR20 (known as "Mr. Outside"), and Dale staying back at the factory overseeing operations by keeping the design, testing and production moving (known as "Mr. Inside").

The first prototype of the SR20 made its maiden flight in March 1995. The following year, the company broke ground on a 67,500-square-foot manufacturing facility in Grand Forks, North Dakota.  In 1997, Cirrus started assembly of its first production prototype and added another 80,000-square-feet onto their Duluth facility for manufacturing purposes.

Through the Klapmeiers' vision, the SR20 became the first of many production advancements within light general aviation aircraft, including glass computer-monitored flight-displays instead of round analog dials (which would boast flat-panel avionic utilities such as satellite weather, traffic awareness and GPS steering), side-yoke flight controls instead of traditional yoke or stick consoles, all-composite construction instead of aluminum, and, most popularly known, the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS). The Cirrus team spent several weeks during the summer of 1997 in the high desert of southern California testing the parachute. They would drop barrels of sand out a C-123 Cargo plane and flip a switch that would deploy the chutes when the barrels reached nearly 200 mph. The parachutes failed to deploy on multiple drop-tests before properly functioning. By the summer of 1998, they were ready to try the tests with an actual SR20. Chief Test Pilot Scott D. Anderson, a Stanford graduate, military F-16 pilot and "Renaissance man" who was known as a beloved and charismatic figure in Duluth, successfully made the first deployment of CAPS, and would go on to make all eight of the inflight test-deployments for development and certification of the SR20. The airplane became FAA approved and type certified in October 1998.

On March 23, 1999, tragedy struck Cirrus when Scott Anderson was killed in a crash near the Duluth International Airport as he put the first production SR20 through torture-test maneuvers before it went on sale. The plane Anderson was flying had an aileron jam and was not yet equipped with the standard ballistic parachute that would come certified on every aircraft. Dale spoke at his posthumous induction into the Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame on April 24, 2010, saying, "Scott was an exemplary pilot and person ... To date, 17 CAPS deployments have saved 35 lives due to Scott's pioneering work." Despite the tragedy, and the Klapmeier brothers losing a close friend and their most talented test pilot, Cirrus fixed the problem that killed Anderson and continued on to deliver the first SR20 in July 1999—receiving 400 orders by the first year alone.

2000s: SR22, success and company growth, Vision Jet, recession
In the early 2000s, sales of the SR20 were steadily rising. This led to the Cirrus SR22, a faster, higher and more powerful version of the SR20. Production on the new aircraft started in 2001. In August of that year, Cirrus sold 58% of the company for $100 million to Crescent Capital, the US arm of the First Islamic Investment Bank of Bahrain (now called Arcapita), making the Klapmeier brothers minority stakeholders in their own company.

By the middle of 2003, the SR22 had become the highest-selling general aviation aircraft in the world, beating out even that of Cessna Aircraft and achieving the brothers' lifelong dream. Cirrus had more than 600 employees then; two years later that number would reach to just over 1,000. The company was quickly expanding. Success for the Klapmeier brothers continued when they received the prestigious 2004 Ernst & Young Entrepreneurs of the Year Award for Manufacturing.

In 2006, Cirrus accomplished all-time record deliveries, celebrating their 3,000th SR-series aircraft off the production line only seven years after deliveries commenced, something that no other aviation company had done in the last half-century. Thirty-five special edition turbocharged SR22s were released that same year. They were entitled "Signature Editions", and came with several additional features including the signatures of both Alan and Dale imprinted on the plane's cowling. In June 2007, the Klapmeiers—along with Vice President of Advanced Development Mike Van Staagen—unveiled their next design, "The-Jet by Cirrus" (now known as the Vision SF50), a single-engine, composite, seven-seat very light jet aircraft, also intended to be equipped with the company's CAPS parachute. The first flight of the jet occurred on July 3, 2008.

In September 2008, the global sales slump in piston-engined aircraft impacted the company and they laid off 100 workers, 8% of their workforce. This included 79 people at the main plant in Duluth, Minnesota, and 29 employees at the composite construction plant in Grand Forks, North Dakota. After this round of layoffs, Cirrus had 1,230 employees remaining. Alan, the then-CEO, announced in October 2008 that due to the economic recession and resulting lack of demand for Cirrus aircraft, the company was moving to a three-day work week. He reported that sales were down 10% over the same period in the previous year. Compared to the industry average in that same period, sales were down 16%.

Cirrus eliminated 208 employee positions in the fall of 2008 and cut aircraft production from 14 to 12 aircraft per week in response to the economic situation. In November of that year, the company announced that it would furlough about 500 production employees to allow for reductions in excess stock of aircraft produced.

On December 18, 2008, it was made public that Chief Operating Officer Brent Wouters would replace Alan as CEO effective February 1, 2009. Alan continued as Chairman of the board with Dale as Vice-Chairman.

On June 26, 2009, Alan announced that he had assembled a team to acquire the aircraft manufacturer's Vision SF50 single-engine jet program from majority owner Arcapita Bank and produce it under a new company. Dale came out in support of his efforts and said that Alan was the only person Cirrus would consider letting take over the jet project. Over a month later the attempt failed and Wouters announced that Alan's contract as Chairman would not be renewed when it expired at the end of August (a decision Wouters said Alan had known about for "several months" prior). Alan left Cirrus soon after this while Dale stayed with the company.

2010s: End of business partnership, separate career paths

Alan and Kestrel

At the 2010 EAA airshow, Alan introduced his new venture, the Kestrel Aircraft Company, and would serve as its CEO. Kestrel was to produce the Kestrel K-350, a single turboprop-engined all-composite six-seat aircraft. Some of his ex-Cirrus colleagues joined him in the project, including Steve Serfling, Cirrus' former Director of Product Development. The company was originally set to locate its headquarters in Brunswick, Maine, but after complications with state tax credits, Alan decided in 2012 to move manufacturing operations to Superior, Wisconsin, where they received a better financial package. The total value of loans, grants and tax credits was $118 million, $112 million from the state, with the expected eventual creation of around 600 new jobs by 2016, the most in Superior since World War II. In 2013, Kestrel employed about 60 workers in Superior, located across the border from Cirrus, and about 40 in Brunswick, where composite components for the plane were being created.

In May 2014, it was reported that Kestrel had fallen months behind on loan payments to the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation (WEDC) due to financing delays. Alan spoke on the matter saying, "We're obviously still very excited about the program. We've made a lot of progress on the design, what we expect to build, what we expect to do with the FAA, but there are other frustrations. Certainly financing the project has been slower than we had hoped and expected." It was also reported that the delay in financing had impacted hiring, causing the company to reduce its staff in Superior.

On 15 April 2015, Kestrel merged with Albuquerque, New Mexico-based Eclipse Aerospace to form One Aviation, with Alan appointed CEO. The company faced many legal and financial challenges. In September 2015, Alan indicated that Kestrel's resulting lack of economic and developmental progress "never would have happened if the state [of Wisconsin] had come through with the financing on time." He told AINonline in 2017 that development of the K-350 "had been shelved" while One Aviation focuses on certifying the Eclipse 700 very light jet, with Wisconsin taking legal action against the Kestrel division of One. In October 2018, the company voluntarily filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. A bankruptcy exit plan was approved in September 2019 for Chinese company Citiking International to purchase One Aviation, however, by October 2020, it was reported that Citiking had been "ousted from the sale process" and in February 2021, One Aviation entered Chapter 7 liquidation.

Dale and Cirrus

In September 2009, Dale became interim Chairman of Cirrus.
On 19 September 2011, Cirrus named him the new CEO, and announced that Brent Wouters "is no longer with the company". In April 2012, after more than three years of significant financial struggle, the company informed that its Vision SF50 jet program was fully funded through certification and early production, with a major investment from their newly acquired owners China Aviation Industry General Aircraft Company (CAIGA) (an acquisition that was initially met with much local skepticism at the time of its announcement in early 2011). Dale called the jet investment a "tremendous milestone" for the company and said that the new owners "are actively partnering with Cirrus while providing substantial resources for us to meet and exceed our shared goals."

In 2013 and 2014, Cirrus had its strongest years in sales and deliveries since before the 2008 recession, naming its SR22/22T model the best-selling general aviation airplane for the 12th year in a row and making Cirrus the world's largest producer of piston-powered aircraft with a nearly 40% market share. The company flew three new Vision SF50 conforming prototypes and employed over 800 people in 2014, having hired more than 300 of them in the past three years alone. In May 2015, Dale and Chief Customer Officer Todd Simmons announced that Cirrus will be expanding to an additional facility in Knoxville, Tennessee, called the "Vision Center", where all customer activities for the company will take place.

On 28 October 2016, Cirrus received type certification for the SF50, making it the first single-engine civilian jet to become certified with the FAA. Deliveries began in December 2016. In June 2018, Dale accepted the Collier Trophy on behalf of Cirrus and the Vision Jet team. The trophy is awarded for "the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America" during the preceding year.

On 19 December 2018, it was made public that Dale will step down as CEO sometime in the first-half of 2019 and transition into a senior advisory role for the company. On 4 June 2019, Cirrus announced that former Tesla Inc. executive Zean Nielsen had been selected to succeed Dale as its next CEO. By the end of 2019, Cirrus had 1,600 employees and accomplished its best year ever in sales, naming its Vision SF50 the most-delivered general aviation jet for the last two years and introducing its "Safe Return" emergency autoland system by Garmin.

Management distinctions
Professionally, Alan is known as more of the talkative, risk-taking "dreamer" out of the two, whereas Dale has been known to be the more taciturn, hands-on "practical one". Many say this is partly what made the duo so successful—Alan would think up creative ideas and Dale would figure out how to get them done.

Dale told the Duluth News Tribune in 2009 that, "The difference between the two of us is that Alan is a dreamer, and he's extremely aggressive in what he wants. I'm far more conservative than he is, and I've always loved the hands-on stuff"; and Alan told Airport Journals in 2006 that, "Dale is more practical [than me]—unbelievably practical, in fact. Dale figures out how to make [the design] work."

Throughout most of the brothers' early career, Alan administered as president at Cirrus with Dale as vice president. In a 1999 IndustryWeek article featuring the Klapmeiers, Alan joked that he was president simply "because he is the older brother"; and in an article published by Aircraft Spruce in 2012, about the Klapmeiers' homebuilding efforts throughout the 1980s, Dale credited Alan with being the "inspiration, the driving force" behind their goals.

Boards and other affiliations
The Klapmeier brothers have both served on numerous aviation boards and programs. Alan served on the board of AOPA's Air Safety Foundation, AERObridge, the Small Aircraft Manufacturers Association, and the General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA), acting as the organization's chairman in 2008. He currently serves on the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)'s board and the advisory board for MVP Aero Inc. Dale served on the Red Tail Project (now Red Tail Squadron), EAA's Young Eagles Program, the founding board of the Scott D. Anderson Leadership Foundation, and NASA's Aeronautics Research & Technology Roundtable, chairing its general aviation subcommittee in 2013. He is currently on AirSpace Minnesota's board as its founding chairman and the advisory board for the Aircraft Kit Industry Association (AKIA).

In 2003, Alan and Dale donated a fully operational SR20 to the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington, as a learning tool for school students. Ten years later, Dale donated an SR22 to Minneapolis-based STEM learning center AirSpace Minnesota.

For much of the 2000s, Alan was part-owner of Bluewater Yachts, a central-Minnesota boat manufacturing company that the brothers' uncle founded in the 1970s, with the slogan "Different By Design".

Dale participates in a snowmobiling fundraising event called the "Black Woods Blizzard Tour", an annual snowmobile excursion around northern Minnesota that raises money to fight ALS. He has also been involved in the charity flight organization Angel Flight West.

Personal lives
There have been reports of a bitter personal falling-out between the brothers that occurred around the time of Alan's departure from Cirrus in 2009. Alan told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in 2012 that he had not spoken to Dale in several years but would not discuss the reasons why on record.

General Aviation News reported in 2011 that Alan had considered running for Congress, although he ultimately decided against it.

In March 2014, Alan brought Cirrus to court over a violated non-disparagement clause involving a 2011 interview with former Cirrus CEO Brent Wouters, in which Wouters allegedly criticized Alan's ability to lead a large company during times of "economic downturn". A Minnesota jury awarded Alan $10 million in lost profits and out-of-pocket expenses. Cirrus, which was under the leadership of Dale at the time, appealed the verdict and the state Court of Appeals overturned the ruling in a 2-1 decision, stating that the calculation of damages was "too speculative" and failed to demonstrate the amount to a "reasonable degree of certainty". The Minnesota Supreme Court denied to hear Alan's appeal and the lawsuit ended in December 2015.

Alan was married to Sara Dougherty from 2002 until their divorce in 2016. Together with his first wife, Patti Graves, whom he was married to from 1987 to 1999, he has two daughters: Kathryn (born 1989) and Sarah (born 1993).

Dale has been married to Patricia Meyer since 1984 and together they have two sons: Ryan (born 1988) and Blake (born 1992).

Dale said in a 2008 interview that one of his main incentives behind co-designing the Cirrus SR20 was that it had to be an airplane that Patricia "would want to fly in more than drive", which helped change the direction of the company in the 1990s.

Reputation and recognition

Through Cirrus, the Klapmeier brothers are credited with revolutionizing the personal aircraft industry for the modern era.

They have been referenced several times in national articles and columns such as The Atlantic and The New York Times Magazine by journalist, author and former speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter, James Fallows, who said in a 2010 article that the brothers "absolutely transformed what had been a stagnant, declining industry." They were also a central theme in Fallows' 2001 book, Free Flight: Inventing the Future of Travel.

Aviation communities have often compared the Klapmeier brothers to the Wright brothers, giving them the nickname, "modern day Wright brothers". Some say this gave more public sentiment to Cirrus' 2003 release of the "Centennial Edition", an SR22 that celebrated 100 years of flight with a mural of the Wright Flyer coating the tail of the plane. The story of Cirrus has also garnered comparisons to Apple Inc., while Alan and Dale have been called "aviation’s equivalent of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak".

The first time the Klapmeiers gained national exposure was in 1998 when radio commentator Paul Harvey spoke positively about Cirrus and the SR20 on his syndicated program. In the 2004 vice-presidential debate, former Vice President Dick Cheney indirectly mentioned the Klapmeier brothers, calling them and Cirrus "a great success story". The Klapmeiers have also been praised for their efforts by former Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty. After a visit to the Duluth Cirrus factory in 2003, Pawlenty thanked Alan and Dale for "their foresight in creating a new aircraft, bringing it to the market, and the associated risks they took to make it happen." The late 18-term Minnesota Congressman Jim Oberstar was a strong supporter of the Klapmeiers as well, and was one of the main proponents behind bringing Cirrus to Duluth, Minnesota in 1994—along with Cirrus Vice President of Business Administration Bill King and former Duluth Mayor Gary Doty.

The Klapmeier brothers received the Living Legends of Aviation award in 2007 at a ceremony in Beverly Hills, California. Among the attendees that year were aerospace pioneers and celebrities such as Bob Hoover, Buzz Aldrin, Clay Lacy, Michael Dorn, Patty Wagstaff, Cliff Robertson, Chuck Yeager, and many more.

British business magnate Alan Sugar said that he admired the Klapmeier brothers for starting Cirrus from "virtually scratch", and for their use of technologies like ballistic parachutes, glass cockpits and manufactured composite airframes.

Besides Lance Neibauer of Lancair, who delivered nearly 600 Columbia-series aircraft, the Klapmeier brothers are the only kit-makers to ever successfully transition into the design and production of certified aircraft. In both separate cases, the EAA served as a crucial "training ground" for Neibauer and the Klapmeiers to stimulate their ambitions.

Since 2022, the brothers are featured in the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum along with a 2003 Cirrus SR22 (N266CD), the first piston aircraft with a full glass cockpit.

Awards and accolades

EAA's Dr. August Raspet Memorial Award - 1992
MnDOT's NASAO Award - 2004 (Alan Klapmeier & Cirrus)
Ernst & Young Entrepreneurs of the Year for Manufacturing - 2004
Admiral Luis de Florez Flight Safety Award - 2005 (Alan Klapmeier)
CAFE Foundation's PADA Trophy - 2006 (Alan Klapmeier)
Living Legends of Aviation Award—Entrepreneurs of the Year - 2006
Aero Club of New England's Dr. Godfrey L. Cabot Award - 2007
EAA's Freedom of Flight Award - 2007
Joel Labovitz Entrepreneurial Achievement Award - 2008
Oshkosh, Wisconsin's Key to the City Award - 2008
Deke Slayton Airfest's Distinguished Wisconsin Aviators Award - 2009
Wiley Post Spirit Award - 2011 (Dale Klapmeier)
Fliegermagazin'''s Industry Leader of the Year - 2012 (Dale Klapmeier)
Ranked No. 17 on Flying Magazine's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation - 2013
National Aviation Hall of Fame Inductees - 2014
Minnesota Business Hall of Fame Inductee - 2015 (Dale Klapmeier)
Atlanta Aero Club’s Phoenix Award - 2015 (Alan Klapmeier)
Angel Flight West's Inspiration Endeavor Award - 2018 (Dale Klapmeier & Cirrus)
Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame Inductee - 2022 (Dale Klapmeier)

See also
B&F Fk14 Polaris (Cirrus SR Sport)
Paul Poberezny - who helped popularize aircraft homebuilding, founder of the EAA
Boris Popov - who invented a ballistic parachute for use in ultralights, founder of BRS
Burt Rutan - who pioneered the use of composites in homebuilts and spacecraft

References

External links
Dale and Alan Klapmeier profile in the National Aviation Hall of Fame
Story Profile on the Klapmeier brothers in Flying Adventures and PrivateAir
Video of Dale Klapmeier speaking at Redbird Migration in 2016

Articles
Heart of glass - where Alan Klapmeier talks about the importance of glass cockpits (The Economist, 2004)
Experts Differ on Value Of Parachutes for Aircraft - debate over Cirrus' parachutes (Washington Post, 2006)
Inside the National Air and Space Museum - written by Alan Klapmeier for The Atlantic (2011)
From Minnesota to the moon - written by Dale Klapmeier for the Star Tribune'' (2013)

Interviews
Video interview with Alan Klapmeier on AOPA Live in 2015
2017 Forbes interview with Dale Klapmeier

1958 births
1961 births
Living people
Aircraft designers
American aerospace businesspeople
Aviation pioneers
Aviators from Wisconsin
Brother duos
Business duos
Engineers from Illinois
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
People from DeKalb, Illinois
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Ripon College (Wisconsin) alumni
Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point alumni


title: Lippitts Hill

text:
Lippitts Hill is a hill located in Epping Forest at High Beach, Waltham Abbey. It has played several historic roles in the defence and policing of London.

The hill was the site of a gun emplacement in the First World War and used as an anti-aircraft site in the Second World War. The United States's 184th anti-aircraft artillery installed their own guns in 1941, and added an underground control room and block houses to the site. A prisoner of war camp was established at Lippitts Hill by the British after the camp was abandoned by the Americans in 1944. Relics from the Second World War at the camp include a memorial to the American forces that served there, and a concrete sculpture of a man, left by a German prisoner of war, Rudi Webber. The local branch of the Peace Pledge Union, a pacifist organisation, would invite local prisoners of war from the camp to their homes on Christmas Day.

The hill was the location of the bodies in the Babes in the Wood murders in 1970.

Police use

The Lippitts Hill camp was used for civil defence purposes after the war and by the police. The Metropolitan Police Firearms Training Unit was based at Lippitts Hill, and it was the site of the Metropolitan Police's first firearms training course. A new centre (MPSTC) is now operation at Gravesend.

Lippits Hill was home to the Metropolitan Police Air Support Unit, which subsequently became part of the National Police Air Service, acting as a base for police helicopters operating in the London area. Helicopter operations were moved from Lippitts Hill to North Weald Airfield around late 2019, but at the end of 2021, the National Police Air Service moved back to Lippitts Hill.

References

External links
Subterranean Britannica - A visit to Lippitts Hill

World War II prisoner-of-war camps in England
Landforms of Essex
Mountains and hills of England
Epping Forest District
History of the Metropolitan Police