title: Panthera tigris soloensis

text:
Panthera tigris soloensis, known as the Ngandong tiger, is an extinct subspecies of the modern tiger species. It inhabited the Sundaland region of Indonesia during the Pleistocene epoch.

Discoveries
Fossils of P. t. soloensis were excavated primarily near the village of Ngandong, hence the common name. Only seven fossils are known, making study of the animal difficult.

Description
The few remains of P. t. soloensis suggest that it would have been about the size of a modern Bengal tiger. However, given the size of other remains, it may have been larger than a modern tiger. A large male could have weighed around , in which case it would have been heavier than the largest extant tiger subspecies, rendering it among the largest felids known to have ever lived.

Paleoecology
In addition to the remains of the Ngandong tiger, many other fossils from the same era have been discovered in Ngandong, like the proboscideans Stegodon trigonocephalus and Elephas hysudrindicus, the bovines Bubalus palaeokerabau and Bos palaesondaicus, the extant perissodactyls Tapirus indicus and Rhinoceros sondaicus, and a great variety of cervine species. Homo erectus soloensis fossils are also known from the area.

See also
 Bornean tiger
 Prehistoric tigers: Panthera tigris trinilensis  Panthera tigris acutidens
 Panthera zdanskyi

References

External links
 A new specimen-dependent method of estimating felid body mass (not peer-reviewed)

tigris soloensis
tigris soloensis
Extinct animals of Indonesia
Pleistocene carnivorans
Fossil taxa described in 1933


title: Devon Domesday Book tenants-in-chief

text:
The Domesday Book of 1086 lists in the following order the tenants-in-chief in Devonshire of King William the Conqueror:
Osbern FitzOsbern (died 1103), Bishop of Exeter
Geoffrey de Montbray (died 1093), Bishop of Coutances
Glastonbury Church, Somerset
Tavistock Church, Devon
Buckfast Church, Devon
Horton Church, Dorset
Cranborne Church, Dorset
Battle Church, Sussex
St Mary's Church, Rouen, Normandy
Mont Saint-Michel Church, Normandy
St Stephen's Church, Caen, Normandy
Holy Trinity Church, Caen
Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester (died 1101)
Robert, Count of Mortain (died 1090), half-brother of the king
Baldwin de Moels (died 1090), Sheriff of Devon, feudal baron of Okehampton,
Juhel de Totnes (died 1123/30), feudal baron of Totnes, Devon
William de Mohun (died post 1090), feudal baron of Dunster, Somerset
William Cheever, (Latinised to Capra, "she-goat"), feudal baron of Bradninch, Devon. He was brother of Ralph de Pomeroy (see below), feudal baron of Berry Pomeroy Devon
William de Falaise, feudal baron of Stogursey, Somerset
William de Poilley, whose lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Plympton
William II, Count of Eu (died 1097)
Walter of Douai (died c. 1107), Feudal baron of Bampton, Devon
Walter de Claville, brother of Gotshelm; his lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Gloucester
Gotshelm, brother of Walter de Claville; his lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Gloucester
Richard fitz Gilbert (died c. 1090), elder brother of Baldwin de Moels, Sheriff of Devon, feudal baron of Okehampton,
Roger de Busli (died c. 1099)
Robert of Aumale (Latinised to de Albemarle); his lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Plympton
Robert Bastard, whose lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Plympton
Richard Fitz Turold (died post 1103-6) (alias fitzThorold, fitzTurolf), whose lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Cardinham, Cornwall
Ralph de Limesy, most of his Devon manors passed to the Feudal barony of Bradninch
Ralph Pagnell
Ralph de Feugeres
Ralph de Pomeroy, feudal baron of Berry Pomeroy, brother of William Cheever, feudal baron of Bradninch
Roald Dubbed, whose lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Plympton
Theobald FitzBerner, whose lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Great Torrington. He was the father-in-law of Odo FitzGamelin
Turstin FitzRolf, feudal baron of North Cadbury, Somerset
Alfred of Spain
Alfred the Breton
Ansger
Aiulf
Odo FitzGamelin, son-in-law of Theobald FitzBerner. His lands later formed part of the Feudal barony of Great Torrington.
Osbern of Sacey
The wife of Hervey of Hellean
Gerald the Chaplain
Gerard
Godbold
Nicholas the Bowman (or "Nicholas the Gunner")
Fulchere ("Fulchere the Bowman"), most of his lands later became part of the feudal barony of Plympton
Haimeric
King's Servants
King's Thanes

See also
Cornwall Domesday Book tenants-in-chief

References

Sources
Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen. ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, part 1, List of Landholders in Devon
Sanders, I. J. English Baronies: a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960


title: Shaun Pickering

text:
Shaun Pickering (14 November 1961 – 11 May 2023) was a British shot putter who represented Great Britain in the Olympic Games and Wales in the Commonwealth Games. Pickering won a bronze medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games representing the team from Wales in Kuala Lumpur and finished 27th at the 1996 Olympics.

Pickering was a member of the Welsh Athletics hall of fame for a career that included winning five Welsh shot put titles, five Welsh discus throw titles, and nine Welsh hammer throw titles. Pickering was the son of Olympian Jean Pickering and Ron Pickering and in 2010 became the heavy throws coach for UK Athletics.

Pickering died on 11 May 2023, at the age of 61.

References

External links

1961 births
2023 deaths
British male shot putters
British male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Wales
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Pontypool


title: Lyonetia probolactis

text:
Lyonetia probolactis is a moth in the  family Lyonetiidae. It is known from Mahé and Silhouette islands in the Seychelles.

This species has a wingspan of 9–10 mm – head, palpi, antennae and thorax are silvery with, crown smooth. Forewings are pale shiny silvery grey, an ochreous-brown fascia about , triangularly expanded towards costa where it unites with an ochreous-brown apical patch, within which is a small round black apical spot, preceded by two small white costal marks partly in cilia. Cilia are pale grey.

References

Lyonetiidae


title: Cloverdale, Kansas

text:
Cloverdale is an unincorporated community in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States.

History
A post office was established in Cloverdale in 1871, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905.

References

Further reading

External links
 Chautauqua County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Chautauqua County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Kalaimanokahoʻowaha

text:
Kalaimanokahoʻowaha (also known as Kanaʻina) was an aliʻi high chief of the island of Hawaii who lived during the period of Captain James Cook's visit to the islands. He was the chief said to have struck the first blow to Cook when he attempted to kidnap Kalaniʻōpuʻu, the king of the island. He was called Kanaʻina nui (an aliʻi title) as a birthright from his father, Keaweʻopala, first born son of Alapainui. After his father was killed by Kalaniʻōpuʻu, he would serve the new king as a kaukau aliʻi, a service class of Hawaiian nobility that his mother, Moana Wahine had descended from. This aliʻi service line would continue throughout the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Birth and family
Kalaimanokahoʻowaha was the son of the alii nui of the island of Hawaii, Keaweʻopala and Moana Wahine. He was given the nickname ka naʻina which, in the Hawaiian language means: "The conquering". His paternal grandfather was Alapainui and his maternal grandmother was ʻIlikiāmoana. His father was overthrown and killed by Kalaniʻōpuʻu. He would serve under the new kings as kaukau aliʻi. He married his half sister Hakau. Their shared mother was Moana and her father Heulu. Together the couple would have at least two children, Hao (K) and Kiʻilaweau (k). Hao's line leads to Bernice Pauahi Bishop and Kiʻilaweau to Keelikōlani.

Greeting Cook
Upon Cook's first arrival to Hawaii, Kanaina was one of two chiefs to first greet the navigator. One of the ship's crew writes:

Kanaina had been of help to the European explorers from very early on, even after a scuffle between the crew of Resolution and an islander when the chief had urged him to suggest an obviously over-inflated price for his pig. Many of the other chiefs were less respectful of the newcomers and stole from them. An islander had grabbed a chisel and tongs and jumped overboard. Cook and James King searched a beach under harassment from the townspeople of the Island. Cooks had to make threats of firing his weapon in the air with little success in intimidating the crowds.

When Cook was on the beach with the King in hand, a group of islanders began to gather en masse on the surrounding beach. In the melee Cook struck the chief first with the flat part of his sword. Kalaimanokahoʻowaha immediately seized Cook and held him in his grip when the king's attendant, a lower ranking chief named Nuaa, stabbed Cook from behind. Sheldon Dibble says that Cook shot and killed the man who struck him with a stone and also struck Kanaina, who quickly seized the explorer. Cook is said to have let out a groan when an islander struck him on the head knocking him to the ground where he dropped and lost his musket. As he was rising, he was stabbed by one of the chiefs.

Charles Kanaina was named after the high chief using his nickname, Kanaʻina.

Kidnapping of Kalaniʻōpuʻu

The decision to kidnap and ransom the ruling chief of the Island of Hawaii was a fatal error on the part of the British navigator and the main cause of his death. His arrival to Hawaii would eventually be followed by mass migrations of Europeans and Americas to the islands that would eventually end with the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii by pro-American elements.

Ships arrive during different seasons

James Cook led three separate voyages to chart unknown areas of the globe for the Kingdom of Great Britain. It was on his third and finale voyage that he encountered what we know today as the Islands of Hawaii. He arrived in the islands on January 18, 1778. After Cook's initial visit he left but was forced to return to Hawaii in mid February 1779 after a ship's mast broke in bad weather. When Cook had first arrived in the islands he was greeted with great honor. His arrival coincided with the Makahiki, a festival celebrating the yearly harvest while worshipping the Hawaiian deity, Lono. On February 13, while anchored in Kealakekua Bay a small boat was stolen by one of the lesser chiefs, testing the foreigner's reaction to see how far they could go. After he and the crews of both ships,  and  left the islands, the festival season had ended and the season for battle and war had begun under the worship and rituals for Kūkaʻilimoku, the god of war. The Hawaiians refused to return the stolen boat. To try and force them to do so, Cook attempted to kidnap the aliʻi nui of the island of Hawaii, Kalaniʻōpuʻu. Cook made several mistakes on his third journey being quite sick and ill-tempered. The hostage attempt would prove fatal. The idea or suggestion that the Native Hawaiians considered Cook to be the God Lono himself is considered to be attributed to William Bligh and disputed by modern scholars. Hawaiian mythology author William Drake Westervelt, after referencing all known published accounts, wrote "The historian must remember that there were thousands of native eye-witnesses whose records cannot be overlooked in securing a true history. The following account is almost entirely from the Hawaiians only...He was called by the Hawaiians "O Lono," because they thought he was the god Lono, one of the chief gods of the ancient Hawaiians." and "When the chiefs heard this report they said, 'Truly this is the god Lono with his temple,'" as well as several similar quotes from natives. It is possible that some Hawaiians may have used the name of Lono as a metaphor when describing Cook or other possible explanations other than that the Hawaiians mistook the explorer for their own deity.

Attempt to take the aliʻi nui hostage
The following morning of February 14, 1779, Cook and his men launched from Resolution along with a company of armed marines. They went directly to the ruling chief's enclosure where Kalaniʻōpuʻu was still sleeping. They woke him and directed him to come with them away from the town. As Cook and his men marched the ruler out of the royal enclosure, Cook himself held the hands of elder chief as they walked away from the town towards the beach. Kalaniʻōpuʻu's favorite wife, Kānekapōlei, saw them as they were leaving and yelled after her husband but he did not stop. She called to the other chiefs and the townspeople to direct their attention toward the ruling chief being led away. Two chiefs, including Kanaʻina and the king's personal attendant named Nuaa, followed the group to the beach with the king's wife behind them pleading along the way for the aliʻi nui to stop and come back.

By the time they got to the beach, Kalaniʻōpuʻu's two youngest sons, who had been following their father believing they were being invited to visit the ship again with the ruler, began to climb into the boats that were waiting at the shore. Kānekapōlei shouted to them to get out of the boat and pleaded with her husband to stop. The ruler then realized that Cook and his men were not inviting him to visit the ship, but forcing him. At this point he stopped and sat where he stood.

Death of Cook

Cook's men were confronted on the beach by an elderly kahuna who approached them holding a coconut and chanting. They yelled at the priest to go away but he kept approaching them while singing the mele. When Cook and his men looked away from the old kahuna, the beach was now swarmed by thousands of Native Hawaiians. Cook yelled at Kalaniʻōpuʻu to get up but the ruler refused. As the townspeople began to gather around them, Cook and his men began to back away from the crowd and raise their guns. The two chiefs and Kānekapōlei shielded the aliʻi nui as Cook tried to get him to his feet. The crowd was now very hostile. Kanaʻina approached Cook, who reacted by striking the chief with the broad side of his sword. Kanaʻina instantly grabbed Cook and lifted the man. Some accounts state that Kanaʻina did not intend to hit Cook while other descriptions say the chief struck the navigator across the head with his leiomano. Either way, Kanaʻina released Cook where he fell to the ground. As Cook tried to get up, the attendant Nuaa stabbed Captain Cook with a metal dagger.

The Marines fired as they fled, killing a number of the angered crowds people, including Kanaʻina and his brothers. They got into the boats and fled back to the ship where, with a spyglass, a young William Bligh (the future captain of ) watched as Cook's body was dragged up the hill to the town where it was torn into pieces in full view of his ship's crew.

References

Hawaiian nobility
Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1779 deaths


title: Little Lord Fauntleroy (murder victim)

text:
Little Lord Fauntleroy is the nickname for an unidentified American boy found murdered in Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1921.

Discovery
On March 8, 1921, the remains of a boy were found floating in a pond near the O'Laughlin Stone Company in Waukesha, Wisconsin. Authorities estimated he was between five and seven years old. He had blond hair, brown eyes and a tooth missing from his lower jaw. He had been struck with a blunt instrument. The boy could have been in the water for several months. He was dressed in a gray sweater, Munsing underwear, black stockings, a blouse and patent leather shoes; the clothing quality suggested the child was from an affluent family.

Police displayed his body at a local funeral home, trying to identify him; no one claimed the body. The boy was buried on March 17, 1921.

Investigation
An employee of the O'Laughlin company said he had been approached by a couple five weeks before the body was found. The woman, who wore a red sweater, asked if he had seen a young boy in the area. She was reportedly crying. The man accompanying her was seen watching the area where the child was located. They later left in a Ford vehicle and have never been found.

A possible scenario for the case is that Little Lord Fauntleroy may have been abducted from a wealthy family in another location and disposed of somewhere else to prevent his identification. After the investigation halted, money was raised by a local woman, Minnie Conrad, for the child to be buried at Prairie Home Cemetery in Waukesha. She was buried in the same cemetery in 1940 after she died at the age of seventy-three.

There were sightings of a woman, wearing a heavy veil, who would occasionally place flowers on the boy's grave. Some have speculated that this woman knew the actual identity of Little Lord Fauntleroy.

Homer Lemay

j
In 1949, a medical examiner from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, suggested that investigators felt there may have been a connection between the unidentified boy and Homer Lemay, a six-year-old who disappeared around the same time the child died. Lemay was said by his father, Edmond, to have died in a vehicle accident during a trip to South America when he was being cared for by family friends (described as the "Nortons"), but there was no existing record of his death. Edmond Lemay stated that he learned of his son's death after receiving information from a South American newspaper that detailed the accident. He also was accused of falsifying his wife's signature while she was missing, but was later found not guilty. Detectives were unable to find any information about such an event or even the existence of the two Nortons.

See also

List of unsolved murders
Little Lord Fauntleroy

References

External links

1910s births
1921 deaths
Deaths by beating in the United States
Incidents of violence against boys
Male murder victims
March 1921 events
Child murder in the United States
People murdered in Wisconsin
People from Waukesha, Wisconsin
Unidentified American children
Unidentified murder victims in Wisconsin
Unsolved murders in the United States
1921 in Wisconsin


title: Samuel Shaw (naval officer)

text:
Samuel Shaw was a Revolutionary War naval officer who, along with Richard Marven, were the first whistleblowers of the infant United States. As a whistleblower, Shaw was instrumental in the Continental Congress' passage of the first whistleblower protection law in the United States.  Shaw, a midshipman, and Marven, a third lieutenant in the Continental Navy, were moved to act after witnessing the torture of British prisoners of war by Commodore Esek Hopkins, then Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy.  Shaw and Marven were both from Rhode Island, as was Hopkins, whose brother was Stephen Hopkins, Governor of the new state, and a signatory to the Declaration of Independence. For reporting the misconduct of the Navy's highest officer, Shaw and Marven were both dismissed from the Navy. Hopkins then filed a criminal libel suit against Shaw and Marven in the Rhode Island Courts.

Appalled by the case, the Continental Congress then enacted a whistleblower protection law on July 30, 1778, by unanimous consent. The law declared it "the duty of all persons in the service of the United States, as well as all other inhabitants thereof, to give the earliest information to Congress or any other proper authority of any misconduct, frauds or misdemeanors committed by any officers or persons in the service of these states, which may come to their knowledge."

Congress then appropriated monies to represent and defend Shaw and Marven against the libel suit filed against Hopkins, resolving that, "reasonable expences [sic] of defending the said suit be defrayed by the United States," and ordered the termination of Hopkins' employment, as he "had misconducted himself."

On the second National Whistleblower Appreciation Day, Shaw was recognized as an unsung hero of American Whistleblowers. On July 30, 2015, Shaw was recognized at the First Congressional Celebration of National Whistleblower Appreciation Day, honored as one of two federal employees who created protections for those who stand for truth.

See also
Whistleblower Protection Act of 1778

References

Continental Navy officers
American whistleblowers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Grafton, Kansas

text:
Grafton is an unincorporated community in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States.

History
Grafton had a post office from 1871 until 1906.

References

Further reading

External links
 Chautauqua County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Chautauqua County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Media in Cheyenne, Wyoming

text:
Cheyenne is one of the most populous markets in Wyoming, with a long history of forums and outlets for information. As of 2021, Torrington and Scottsbluff are generally thought to be included in the Cheyenne market.

Print

Newspapers
The Wyoming Tribune Eagle is the city's primary newspaper, published daily. Other newspapers published in the city include:
The Cheyenne Post, weekly, community news
Warren Sentinel, weekly, military news
Wyoming Business Report, monthly, business news

Radio
In its Fall 2013 ranking of radio markets by population, Arbitron ranked Cheyenne 271st in the United States.

The following is a list of radio stations licensed to and/or broadcasting from Cheyenne.

AM

FM

The city also receives radio stations from Laramie, as well as Denver and Fort Collins, Colorado.

Television
The Cheyenne television market includes Goshen and Laramie Counties in southeastern Wyoming as well as Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska.

The following is a list of television stations that broadcast from and/or are licensed to the city.

TV stations from the Denver area are available in Cheyenne, and are usually distributed on local cable and satellite systems alongside local stations.

References

Mass media in Wyoming


title: Százhalombatta-Földvár

text:
The Bronze Age site of Százhalombatta-Földvár is situated on the right bank of the Danube, near the town of Százhalombatta, 30 km south of Budapest in Hungary. It is one of the largest temperate tell settlements from this period in central Europe. Excavation at the site is ongoing and producing substantial new data revealing a detailed and hitherto unknown picture of Bronze Age life from 2000-1400 BC.

The Site

The site of Százhalombatta is 200 m by 100 m in area. It is estimated that up to two thirds of the original area was destroyed during clay extraction by a local brick factory and by erosion from the River Danube.
The Bronze Age settlement was built on a bluff with valleys to north and south, the River Danube to the east and it was fortified with a ditch to the west, a feature common to other Vatya culture tells. It was strategically positioned at the end of the Benta valley, potentially controlling access to other sites including smaller settlements within the valley. It overlooks a long stretch of the River Danube and may have been involved in river-borne trade and communication.
The settlement was first occupied at the end of the Early Bronze Age (the transition from the classic Nagyrév culture (Szigetszentmiklós) to the late Nagyrév (Kulcs). It was continuously inhabited through the Middle Bronze Age Vatya period. This was followed by a hiatus in occupation until the Urnfield phase of the Late Bronze Age from which there are only a few traces. Occupation layers at the site are up to 6 m deep.
Finds from the site include pottery, daub, plaster, metalwork, moulds, loom weights, bone tools, antler objects, ground stone, lithics, amber, animal and occasional human bones. Many of the Bronze Age houses were burnt. This has resulted in outstanding preservation of organic material including botanical remains such as thatch from house roofs and Bronze Age food like crabapples, peas, beans and lentils. There is also worked wood and basketry. Thin section soil micromorphology, phytoliths, charcoal and coprolites add to the data from the site.

Excavation team

Excavation at the site is directed by Dr Magdolna Vicze (Matrica Museum), Professor Marie Louise Stig Sørensen (University of Cambridge), and Prof Joanna Sofaer (University of Southampton). The annual excavations include Hungarian and British students from Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest,  the University of Pécs, University of Southampton and the University of Cambridge, as well as Dutch students, notably from Leiden University, and Swedish students.

References

External links
 http://szazhalombattaexcavation.info/
 http://www.matricamuzeum.hu/knowledgebase/scientific-life/researches

Bronze Age sites in Europe
Archaeological sites in Hungary


title: Heavy Fruit

text:
Heavy Fruit is the fourth full-length studio album by American rock band He Is Legend and their first since coming back from hiatus in 2011. It was released on August 19, 2014, through Tragic Hero Records. It is the band's second album released on that label, after 2009's It Hates You.

Track listing

Personnel
He Is Legend
Schuylar Croom – vocals
Adam Tanbouz – guitars
Matty Williams – bass
Sam Huff – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
Bibis Ellison – vocals

Production
He Is Legend – producer
Mitchell Marlow – producer, engineer
Al Jacob – producer, engineer
Bob Marlette – mixing
John Nacherio – mastering

Illustration and design
Kate Sinclair – artwork
Carlos Perez & Garrison Lee – design

References

2014 albums
He Is Legend albums
Tragic Hero Records albums


title: Lauchlan Bellingham Mackinnon

text:
Lauchlan Bellingham Mackinnon (April 21, 1815 - 10 Jul 1877) was the Member of Parliament for Rye, Sussex, England from 1865 to 1868.

He was the second son of William Alexander Mackinnon.  He served with some distinction as a captain in the Royal Navy and wrote three books about his experiences:
Atlantic and transatlantic: sketches afloat and ashore, Steam Warfare in the Parana and Some Account of the Falkland Islands. From a Six Months' Residence in 1838 and 1839.  When his father retired from parliament in 1865 he stood for the seat in Rye as a Liberal but only served one term and never spoke in Parliament.

He died at Ormeley Lodge, Ham Common, and is buried at St Andrew's Church, Ham.

References

Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1865–1868
1814 births
1877 deaths
Burials at St Andrew's Church, Ham


title: Mario Babić

text:
Mario Babić (born 3 July 1992) is a Croatian footballer who currently plays for second tier Kustošija.

Club career
On 24 February 2021, he joined Sambenedettese in Italian Serie C. On 14 July 2021, his contract with Sambenedettese was terminated by mutual consent.

Cinema
In 2018, he was tricked in the belgian film Mon Ket. In this movie, filmed with a hidden camera, he is invited to a birthday party for the son of the protagonist.

References

External links
NZS profile

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Zagreb
Men's association football midfielders
Croatian men's footballers
Croatia men's youth international footballers
GNK Dinamo Zagreb players
NK Sesvete players
NK Istra 1961 players
NK Rudar Velenje players
Royale Union Tubize-Braine players
NK Široki Brijeg players
NK Tabor Sežana players
US Sambenedettese players
NK Kustošija players
First Football League (Croatia) players
Croatian Football League players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Challenger Pro League players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Serie C players
Croatian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Italy


title: Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation

text:
Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation is the local civic body responsible for the administration of Gandhinagar, the capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. It was set up in 2010. Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation has 326 sq km area.

History
The Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation was set up on 16 March 2010 after a ruling by the Gujarat High Court in 2009. Prior to that, Gandhinagar was the only state capital in India which did not have an elected body administering it. The establishment of a Municipal Corporation to administrate and govern the city introduced municipal taxes to the residents of the city as well as made the city eligible to receive funding from the Government of India under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM). The then Ministry of Urban Development at the centre, led by Saugata Roy, however refused to allot funds to the GMC under the JnNURM plan as it had already reached the maximum number of cities it could accommodate.

Council and elections
The Corporation has a council that comprises 33 seats representing various wards. The maiden election to the council was held in April 2011. The party that won majority seats in the Corporation Council was the Indian National Congress with 18 seats while the Bharatiya Janata Party, which governs the state of Gujarat won 15 council members.

The election was the first in India to allow Non resident Indians (NRIs) to vote using an online platform instead of a postal ballot which was the only way non resident voters could cast their vote earlier.

The first mayor of the city was Mahendrasinh Rana, while the deputy mayor was Yusuf Parmar of the Congress, who were elected unanimously by the council.

In 2012, three members of the ruling Congress, including the mayor, defected to the BJP, giving it the majority needed to run the corporation.

Election Results

Taxes
The Corporation levies Property Tax on the residents of the areas within its jurisdiction. It levies taxes based on localities and the income of the residents.

Functions
, the Corporation had a very limited role that of sanitary activities such as clearing of garbage in the city because the Government of Gujarat was yet to transfer the land under GMC jurisdiction to the corporation from the forest, roads and buildings authorities. In 2012, the Corporation launched a facility for citizens to register grievances by sending an SMS.

Fire and Emergency Services
The Corporation also runs the Fire and Emergency Services wing of Gandhinagar City. The Gandhinagar Fire and Emergency Services (GFES) also operates in the three towns of Mansa, Dehgam and Kalol which fall outside GMC limits. It has a sanctioned strength of fifty firefighters but has five full-time staff.

Sanitation
The GMC performs basic sanitary functions such as removal of weeds, cleaning up of garbage, cleaning up drainage systems and removal of dead animals.

Transport
Out of  of roads,  of roads come within the jurisdiction of the GMC. These roads are maintained by the Roads and Buildings Department of the Government of Gujarat. In 2011, the state government decided to rename roads in the city. It was rumoured by officials that this was done to prevent the Congress-led corporation from naming roads after their leaders.

Unlike the neighbouring city of Ahmedabad, buses are run in the city by the Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation (GSRTC), private player VTCOS and the Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS).

Water Supply
Water Supply to the city was earlier handled by the Gujarat Water Supply And Sewerage Board (GWSSB). After the formation of the corporation, the GMC took over water supply and planned to install water meters across all consumer premises.

References

Municipal corporations in Gujarat
2010 establishments in Gujarat
Organizations established in 2010


title: Lisboa Patisserie

text:
Lisboa Patisserie is a long-running Portuguese cafe and bakery in London's Golborne Road. It is particularly known for its pastel de nata cakes.

According to Time Out magazine, "Don’t arrive too late at the weekend if you want one of Lisboa’s famous pastel de nata – they often sell out by 2pm. It’s a humble setting, with plenty of banter from staff and slightly fancier pâtisserie than some other Portuguese cake shops. Bica (Portuguese espresso) was good and strong, and they do a nice galão (latte) too."

Secret Diary of a Call Girl was filmed at this shop for a scene in the first season, first episode. The characters played by Billie Piper and Iddo Goldberg eat at an outdoor table. Ben, played by Goldberg, comments about the custard tart crust being handmade.

Yotam Ottolenghi, the Israeli-born cookery writer and chef-patron says that it is one of his favourite shops in London. It has been in Golborne Road since at least the 1990s.

References

Bakeries of the United Kingdom
Tourist attractions in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea


title: Der Postillon

text:
Der Postillon is a German website, run by Stefan Sichermann featuring satirical articles reporting on international, national, and local news in newspaper and TV format. In October 2015, the Postillon had more than 14 million visitors. Der Postillon also appears as an English version titled "The Postillon".

Background
Stefan Sichermann, a PR expert, started the page 2008 as a hobby. Until 2011 he continued working for a PR agency. The Onion was one of the inspirations for the website. However the website itself claims a continuous history since October 1845. The name Postillon refers to French postilion and is used in the German language in traditional or literary circumstances.

After a satirical article about the closure of film-piracy-page Kino.to went viral on Facebook and Twitter, Postillon received a much broader audience. In the meantime, Sichermann started to run the page professionally, hired some assistants and financed the emissions via advertisements, a shop and flattr donations. The social media impact of Postillon is higher than that of many official newsportals, such as Focus Online, Süddeutsche.de and Frankfurter Allgemeine.

Scoops
Shortly after the death of Steve Jobs, the Postillon speculated about the technical features of the tech-guru's coffin and the inscription buried in my iTomb. Angry comments of readers containing the phrase „ein Leser weniger“ (one reader fewer) gained notoriety as a running gag among the reader community. Fans of Felix Baumgartner got angry about a Postillon entry claiming the record jump was declared invalid, since the Austrian crossed a foul line before the start signal.

In 2012 German TV host Dieter Moor used a satirical notion about the delays at Berlin Brandenburg Airport without reference to the origin. The Postillon had implied, the ongoing delays would require to introduce a new form of German future tense. Various media asked Moor to apologize and to mention the joke's origin. Moor acted accordingly.

Breaking, not yet officially confirmed news of Ronald Pofalla's change from politician to the railroad operator Deutsche Bahn were accompanied by a backdated, but otherwise correct Postillon post. As Postillon parody posts are often mistaken for real on social media, this did result in confusion among editorial offices and the general public. As a follow-up, Postillon's editor Stefan Sichermann criticized media for being less trust-worthy than Postillon.

Postillon claimed a landlord offering shots for each guest and German goal during Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup) had faced ruin. The article was spread and quoted on various Russian news outlets as a true story including TV broadcaster Russia-24.

Awards
 2010 Deutsche Welle award The BOBs as Best Weblog German.
 2013 Grimme Online Award

Content and further publications
Postillon provides classical news, a newsticker, commentaries, advice columns, opinion editorials and fake surveys. In 2012 the Postillon published various articles in form of a book. Also in 2012 the first fake TV emissions followed on YouTube. Further videos are published in a cooperation with Yahoo and some have been run on German Broadcaster NDR.

See also
 List of satirical news websites

References

External links
 German website
 English website

 Sensation: Mann (32) verdient Geld mit Witzen im Internet, Bastian Brinkmann in Süddeutsche Zeitung, 20 June 2013.

2008 establishments in Germany
Internet properties established in 2008
Magazines established in 2008
German comedy websites
Satirical websites
Satirical magazines published in Germany
German-language magazines
News parodies


title: St. Aloysius College, Athlone

text:
St. Aloysius College () was a secondary school in Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland. It was primarily a school for boys, though its Leaving Certificate Repeat Programme was open to all students.

History
The school was founded in 1960 by Monsignor John McCarthy and Dr. Vincent Hanly, Bishop of Elphin. The institution is named after Aloysius Gonzaga, the Renaissance Italian aristocrat born in 1568, who joined the Jesuits, and was canonized by Pope Benedict XIII in 1726.

The first classes took place in a small room attached to the Dean Crowe Theatre. The school later moved to a much larger, dedicated location at Deer Park Road, its present-day location. The Georgian house there, built in 1820, was the sole venue for classes in the early years after the move, but as the number of pupils grew, newer classrooms, study areas and recreation facilities were built.

The late Dr. Joseph Ducke, author, and founder of the 'Passionfruit Theatre', taught English at the school.

In 2010, the college partnered with Élan Corporation in a business-to-education learning initiative.

From the start of the 2017/2018 academic year, the school merged with St. Joseph's College, Summerhill, with the new name of Colaiste Chiarán, named after the local saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise. The new school is located at the existing Summerhill site, on the outskirts of Athlone, with a new name, and new management structures.

Awards and academic achievements
In 2014, the school won third place in the technology category at the Young Scientist Exhibition, with students Lochlann O’Regan, Paul Rushe and Eryk Zaplata answer to the question 'Can non-proprietary/open-source software be used to emulate large scale proprietary text to speech systems?'. Also in 2014 students Dylan Fuery, Chris Halota and Oisin Prendergast won a Display award at the Young Scientist Exhibition with their project "Can an architectural program be combined to create a interactive map?". The project later won first place in its category at Sci Fest.

Also in 2014, the school won the SEAI Sustainable Energy Award at the SciFest event at Athlone Institute of Technology, with pupil Aaron Broughall's project 'Let your devices soak up the rain', under the mentor-ship of teacher Bill Kearney, while student Loughlan O'Regan was recognised with a Junior Ericsson Technology Award for his project 'Teaching the basics of sailing using information technology tools'.

Notable alumni
Michael Duignan, Catholic bishop
Denis Naughten, TD and minister
Owen Killian, CEO of Aryzta

References

External links

1960 establishments in Ireland
2017 disestablishments in Ireland
Boys' schools in the Republic of Ireland
Buildings and structures in Athlone
Educational institutions established in 1960
Educational institutions disestablished in 2017
Education in Athlone
Secondary schools in County Westmeath


title: Microbiological Research

text:
Microbiological Research is an academic journal in microbiology, published by Elsevier. It has an impact factor of 6.7 as of 2022. The journal was established in 1896.

The journal publishes research on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms such as yeasts, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and protozoa, as well as on interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and their environments or hosts. It focuses in particular on microbiology and genetics; molecular and cell biology; metabolism and physiology; signal transduction and development; biotechnology; phytopathology; and environmental microbiology ,and ecology.

The journal was originally published by Gustav Fischer Verlag. It was originally titled Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten, then as the Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene until volume 136 (1981), and then as the Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie from volumes 137 (1982) to 148 (1993). It was renamed Microbiological Research in 1993. Formerly published in German, it is now an English-language journal.

References

External links
 http://www.journals.elsevier.com/microbiological-research/

Microbiology journals
Elsevier academic journals
Delayed open access journals


title: Velos

text:
Velos () is a Greek word meaning "arrow". It can refer to:
 Greek destroyer Velos -  two destroyers that served in the Royal Hellenic Navy.
 Blackburn Velos, a 1920s seaplane co-produced by Greece and Britain


title: Thornback cowfish

text:
The thornback cowfish (Lactoria fornasini), is a poisonous species of boxfish found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific from East Africa to the Bass Islands (French Polynesia). It can grow to a maximum length of . It is an uncommon fish that feeds on small invertebrates that it picks up off the sea bed.

The specific epithet fornasini is in honour of Italian amateur naturalist Carlo Antonio Fornasini, who worked in Mozambique.

Description
Like other members of the family Ostraciidae, the thornback cowfish has hexagonal, plate-like scales which are fused together to form a solid, box-like carapace, from which the eyes, mouth, fins and tail protrude. The mouth is small and has protruding lips, the upper profile of the snout is straight, the back is somewhat convex, the flanks are concave and the belly rounded, causing the fish to resemble a purse.  There are small pre-ocular spines on either side of the head, a large spine projects from the dorsal ridge and a further moderate-sized spine projects from each of the pelvic ridges near the anal fin. Neither the dorsal fin nor the anal fin has any spines but both have nine soft rays, while the caudal fin is fan-shaped and has ten rays. A typical length for this fish is ; the colour is variable, and changes to match the fish's surroundings; generally pale tan with spots or wiggly markings in yellow, mauve or blue. In some regions, this fish is toxic.

Distribution and habitat
The thornback cowfish is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region between 32°N and 32°S. Its range extends from the east coast of Africa between Tanzania and South Africa and the island of Madagascar, to Japan, Indonesia, Australia, Hawaii and Rapa Island. It occurs in areas of sand, rubble, corals and algae both in lagoons and on the seaward side of reefs. It can be found as deep as  but a more normal depth range is between about .

Ecology
This fish is usually solitary but the males are territorial in the breeding season. The diet consists of small invertebrates, which are exposed by jets of water from the mouth blowing away sand, and picked up by suction from the sea bed. It is an uncommon species.

References

External links

Ostraciidae
Taxa named by Giovanni Giuseppe Bianconi
Fish described in 1846


title: AP Physics 2

text:
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics 2 is a year-long introductory physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to proxy a second-semester algebra-based university course in fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics. Along with AP Physics 1, the first AP Physics 2 exam was administered in 2015.

The content of AP Physics 2 overlaps with that of AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism, but Physics 2 is algebra-based, while Physics C is calculus-based. AP Physics 2 is also the most advanced AP Physics class you can take without having to use calculus.

History
The AP Physics 2 classes began in the fall of 2014, with the first AP exams administered in May 2015. The courses were formed through collaboration between current Advanced Placement teachers and The College Board, with the guidance from the National Research Council and the National Science Foundation. As of August 2013 AP summer institutes, the College Board professional development course for Advanced Placement and Pre-AP teachers, dedicate 20% of the total to preparing AP Physics B educators for the new AP physics course. Face to face workshops sponsored by the College Board focused 20% of their content on the course in September 2013. In February 2014, the official course description and sample curriculum resources were posted to the College Board website, with two practice exams being posted the next month. As of September 2014, face to face workshops are dedicated solely to AP Physics 1 & AP Physics 2. The full course was first taught in 2014, with the exam given in 2015. In 2020, the examination was administered on computer from home because of COVID-19. College Board suspected that some students may be using unauthorized resources while taking the test. In order to ensure accurate results in the future, the course materials will be more difficult and in depth.

Curriculum
AP Physics 2 is an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course in which students explore fluid statics and dynamics; thermodynamics with kinetic theory; PV diagrams and probability; electrostatics; electrical circuits with capacitors; magnetic fields; electromagnetism; physical and geometric optics; and quantum, atomic, and nuclear physics. Through inquiry-based learning, students develop scientific critical thinking and reasoning skills.

The College Board has released a "Curriculum Framework" which includes the 7 principles on which the new AP Physics courses will be based as well as smaller "Enduring Understanding" concepts.

Exam
Both the multiple choice and free response sections of the exam are worth 50% of the score. Students are given 90 minutes to complete 50 multiple choice questions. The free response section includes an experimental design question, a qualitative/quantitative translation question, and two short answer questions that must be completed in 90 minutes.

Score Distributions

See also

Glossary of physics
Science education in the United States

References

Advanced Placement
Physics education
Standardized tests


title: Eugene Ivanov (artist)

text:
Eugene Ivanov (; ; 19 January 1966 in Tyumen, Siberia, Russia) is a Russian-Czech contemporary artist, painter, graphic artist and illustrator. Since 1998 he has been living and working in Prague, Czech Republic.

Biography

Russian-Czech painter and book illustrator, Ivanov, was born in 1966 in Tyumen, Siberia, Russia. Since 1998 he has lived and worked in Prague, Czech Republic. Ivanov's artworks are founded on dreams and of the unconscious. Ivanov's imagery is suffused with surrealistic poetry. Along with his oil paintings and watercolors, Eugene Ivanov has illustrated over 200 books. He has had numerous solo exhibitions and his works are collected internationally. In his art, the artist unites elements of the landscape realism, motifs of yards and back streets of the Prague´s Old Town, or the classical still-life with modern styles of the beginning of the 20th century - cubism, suprematism and expressionism.

Selected exhibitions
 2023. KLAPKA TOUR 2023. Hybernia Theatre, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2022. 25th anniversary of the Film flap salon. Hybernia Theatre, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2018. Solo Exhibition. Zojak gallery, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2017. Francysk Skaryna and Prague, National Library of the Czech Republic, Clementinum, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2017. Solo Exhibition, Gallery by Jiri Konecny, Veseli nad Moravou, Czech Republic
 2013. Solo Exhibition, Krcek Gallery. Ostrozska Nova Ves, Czech Republic.
 2010. Solo Exhibition, Russian Centre Of Science And Culture, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2009. "At the Water’s Edge" Solo Exhibition by Eugene Ivanov, EE Fine Art, Cambridge, UK.
 2009. EE Fine Art gallery, January Sale, "Keeping it Small", Cambridge, UK.
 2009. Solo exhibition, ATRAX Gallery, Prerov, Czech Republic.
 2008. The Christmas exhibition (with Julius Cincar and Moarch Eveno), Ostrozska Nova Ves, Czech Republic.
 2005. The Christmas exhibition (with Moarch Eveno and Adolf Born), Ostrozska Nova Ves, Czech Republic.
 2003. Solo Exhibition, Russian Centre Of Science And Culture, Prague, Czech Republic.
 2002. Solo Exhibition, "Spolek Mlejn", Ostrava, Czech Republic.
 1993. Group Exhibition 1/2 (with Sergey Shapoval). ONMO Kultura Gallery, Tyumen, Russia.
 1991. Group exhibition. Exhibition hall of the association of painters (Tyumen artists union), Tyumen, Russia.
 1991. Solo exhibition No.9, Most Gallery, Palace of culture of oil workers, Tyumen, Russia.

Awards
 2007. The winner of the competition. 2nd Annual International String Art Competition. United States.
 2006. The winner of the competition. 1st Annual International String Art Competition. United States.
 2001. The winner of the competition. Contest of the Illustrations for poems. Belgian publishing house "Wallonie-Bruxelles". Prague, Czech Republic.

Book Illustrations by Eugene Ivanov
 2021. K.A. Griffin "The Accidental World" (Independently published, 2021). .
 2020. M. A. Lukatsky "Pedagogy in search of itself" (Maska, 2020). .
 2019. Bohumil Hrabal "Pábitelé / Palaverers" (Městská knihovna v Praze, 2019). .
 2019. Franta Sauer "Franta Habán ze Žižkova. Obrázky z doby popřevratové" (Městská knihovna v Praze, 2019). .
 2019. Fyodor Dostoevsky "Povídky / Stories" (Městská knihovna v Praze, 2019). .
 2019. Mikhail Bulgakov "Divadelní román / Theatrical Novel" (Městská knihovna v Praze, 2019). .
 2019. Ahmet Avcı "Kirli Rüyalar Şehri / City Of Dirty Dreams" (Dorlion Yayınları, 2019). .
 2019. Jiri Wilson Nemec "Kind stories". (Komfi, 2019).
 2018. Franta Sauer "Pašeráci" (Městská knihovna v Praze, 2018). .
 2018. Lewan Berdsenischwili "Heiliges Dunkel". (Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 2018). .
 2018. Christine Sterkens "Daar is het circus!". (Nik-nak, 2018). .
 2018. O. Henry "The Four Million". (T8Rugram, 2018). .
 2018. Franz Kafka "Das Schloss". (T8Rugram, 2018). .
 2018. Emile Zola "Au Bonheur Des Dames". (T8Rugram, 2018). .
 2018. Miguel de Cervantes "El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha". (T8Rugram, 2018). .
 2018. Alfred de Musset "La confession d'un enfant du siecle". (T8Rugram, 2018). .
 2017. Franz Kafka "Das Urteil und Die Verwandlung". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. William Shakespeare "Othello". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Edgar Allan Poe "Eureka&The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Joseph Conrad "A Set of Six". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Ilf I., Petrov E. "Bright personality". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Ilf I., Petrov E. "Strong sense". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Robert Louis Stevenson "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Arkady Averchenko "Humor for fools". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Avraham Bar-Av "Moroccan Pushkin". (Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2017).
 2017. Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Wisdom of the Sands". (Dedalus Kitap, 2017). .
 2017. Otakar Hromadko "How the water was tempered". (Epocha, 2017). .
 2017. Jolanta Darczewska, Piotr Żochowski "ACTIVE MEASURES. Russia’s key export". (OSW, 2017). .
 2017. Sedat Bayraklı, Davut Bayraklı "The Book Of Curiosities". (Gençokur, 2017). .
 2017. Bülent Şenocak "Kan İftirası / Blood libel". (Dedalus Kitap, 2017). .
 2017. Mikhail Bulgakov "Black Snow". (Garamond, 2017). .
 2017. Antoine de Saint-Exupery "Kale / The Wisdom of the Sands". (Dedalus Kitap, 2017). .
 2017. Nikolai Gogol "Bir Delinin Hatıra Defteri / Diary of a Madman". (Panama Yayıncılık, 2017). .
 2017. Güray Süngü "İnsanın Acayip Kısa Tarihi / A Brief History of Odd People". (Dedalus Kitap, 2017). .
 2017. Andrey Filimonov "Tadpole and the Saints". (Ripol Classic, 2017). .
 2017. Boryszewski Apoloniusz Aleksander "Człowiek Wyprostowany / Upright Man". (Sowello, 2017). .
 2017. Zofia Mikuła "Don't chase me Alafufu". (Mamiko, 2017). .
 2017. Conjunctions:68 "Inside Out: Architectures of Experience" (Bard College, 2017). .
 2017. Irena Glotova "Kludgelogy". (Ridero, 2017). .
 2017. S. An-sky "Pioneers The First Breach ". (Syracuse University Press, 2017). .
 2017. Johann Wolfgang Goethe "Faust". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Dmitry Merezhkovsky "The Kingdom of Antichrist". (T8Rugram, 2017). .
 2017. Tomasz Drabas, Denny Lee "Learning PySpark". (Acorn, 2017). .
 2017. Julian Hillebrand, Maximilian H. Nierhof "Mastering RStudio". (Acorn, 2017). .
 2017. Domenico Vecchioni "20 destini straordinari del XX secolo". (Greco e Greco, 2017). .
 2017. 吕旺·奥吉安 "伦理学反教材". (南海出版公司, 2017). .
 2017. Ben Pastor "Lumen". (Audible Studios, 2017). .
 2017. Ben Pastor "Kaputt Mundi". (Audible Studios, 2017). .
 2017. Ben Pastor "Luna bugiarda". (Audible Studios, 2017). .
 2017. Ben Pastor "Il signore delle cento ossa". (Audible Studios, 2017). .
 2017. D.K.R. Boyd "The Reflecting Man #3". (Wonderdog Press, 2017). .
 2017. Peter M Eronson "Bland skägg och släthyade". (Stevali, 2017). .
 2017. Mihaela Perciun "Cenușă rece". (Polirom, 2017). .
 2017. Γιάννης Μύρτσης "Εντός μου". (Εκδόσεις Πνοή, 2017). .
 2017. John R. Thelin "American Higher Education". (Routledge, 2017). .
 2017. Donato Caputo "Dimensione vita". (CSA Editrice, 2017). .
 2016. Hu Xiong, Zhen Qin "Introduction to Certificateless Cryptography". (CRC Press, 2016). .
 2016. David Hopkins "Dada and Surrealism". (Hindawi, 2016)
 2016. Diana Catt, Brenda Robertson Stewart "Fine Art of Murder". (Blue River Press, 2016). .
 2016. Gary Johns, Alan M. Saks "Organizational Behaviour". (Pearson Canada, 2016). .
 2016. Peter M Eronson "För att inte tala om döden". (Stevali, 2016). .
 2016. Son Cengiz Aydın "Fakat İyi Aldandık". (Olimpos, 2017). .
 2016. Henri Bergson "Etik ve Politika Dersleri". (Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2016). .
 2016. Alistair Cole, Renaud Payre "Cities as Political Objects". (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016). .
 2016. Durali Yılmaz "Donuklar". (Yediveren Yayınları, 2016). .
 2016. Megan Rohrer "Never Again". (Lulu.com, 2016). .
 2016. Stefan Zweig "Frica. Scrisoare de la o necunoscută". (Polirom, 2016). .
 2016. Anna Maria Sdraffa "L' Agamennone". (0111edizioni, 2016). .
 2016. Gordon Bridger "The Message of Obadiah, Nahum and Zephaniah". (校園書房, 2016). .
 2016. Gustave Flaubert "LBouvard und Pécuchet". (Kindle Edition, 2016). .
 2016. Leopoldo Gasbarro "Un violino per papa Francesco". (Paoline Editoriale Libri, 2016). , .
 2016. Francis Scott Fitzgerald "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button". (CreateSpace, 2016). .
 2016. Peter Cowlam "New King Palmers". (CentreHouse Press, 2016). .
 2016. Manfred Steinbach "Neues vom Sender Eriwan". (Vopelius Jena, 2016). .
 2016. Luigi Gussago "Picaresque Fiction Today". (Lam edition, 2016). .
 2016. Elena Kasyan "Fragile". (Ahill, 2016). .
 2015. Maroussia Klimova "Trampled the flowers of evil". (Ast, 2015). .
 2015. Marianna Goncharova "Etudes for the left hand". (Azbuka, 2015). .
 2015. Marianna Goncharova "Unlicensed bus and other funny stories". (Azbuka, 2015). .
 2015. Yury Buida "The Prussian Bride". (Eksmo, 2015). .
 2015. Franz Kafka "The Castle". (Ast, 2015). .
 2015. Toygar Barut "Madanayuyu". (Destek Yayinlari, 2015). .
 2015. Victor Hugo "Sefiller / Les Miserables". (Panama Yayıncılık, 2015). .
 2015. Yury Buida "Woman in Yellow". (Eksmo, 2015). .
 2015. Nina Sadur "The Marvellous Old Woman". (Ast, 2015). .
 2015. Edvard Radzinsky "But does love exist?" – ask the firemen". (Ast, 2014). .
 2015. Gustav Meyrink "Golem". (Eksmo, 2015). .
 2015. Robert Louis Stevenson "The Suicide Club". (Garamond, 2015). .
 2015. Hakan Şenocak "Karanfilsiz". (Dedalus Kitap, 2015). .
 2015. Spiro György "1956 ve Küçük Adam / The little man in 1956". (Dedalus Kitap, 2015). .
 2015. Greenstone Lobo "What is Your True Zodiac Sign?". (Celestial Books, 2015). .
 2015. Stephanie McKendry "Critical Thinking Skills for Healthcare". (Routledge, 2015). .
 2015. Alberto Manguel "A Reading Diary". (Dar al Saqi, 2015). .
 2015. Ömer Naci Soykan "Estetik ve Sanat Felsefesi". (Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2015). .
 2015. Henri Bergson "Metafizik Dersleri". (Pinhan Yayıncılık, 2015). .
 2015. Ioan Stanomir "Sfinxul rus". (Adenium, 2015). .
 2015. Yusef Komunyakaa "Neon Vernacular". (Valparaíso Ediciones, 2015). .
 2015. 오카다 다카시 "나는 왜 혼자가 편할까?". (동양북스, 2015). .
 2015. D.K.R. Boyd "The Reflecting Man #2". (Wonderdog Press, 2015). .
 2015. David Grossman "Un cal intra intr-un bar". (Polirom, 2015). .
 2015. Sarah Porter "To Mooc or Not to Mooc". (Chandos Publishing, 2015). .
 2014. Roberto Arlt "Cei 7 nebuni". (Strada Fictiunii, 2014). .
 2014. Andrew Nicoll "A fost odată ca niciodată/The good mayor". (Strada Fictiunii, 2014). .
 2014. Matei Brunul "Lucian Dan Teodorovici". (Polirom, 2014). .
 2014. Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern "Sztetl". (Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2014). .
 2014. Luigi Pirandello "Mondo di carta e altre novelle". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Johann Wolfgang Goethe "La vocazione teatrale di Wilhelm Meister". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Fyodor Dostoevsky "Povera Gente". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Jules Renard "Storie naturali 1". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Jules Renard "Storie naturali 2". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Ioan Slavici "Fiabe". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Luigi Pirandello "Il buon cuore e altre novelle". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Alexandros Papadiamantis "Jito Jabbo". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Franz Grillparzer "Il Povero musicante". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Franz Grillparzer "Il convento di Sendomir". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Charles Dickens "Il Lampinario". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Jose Azorin "Le confessioni di un piccolo filosofo". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Luigi Pirandello "In silenzio". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Charles Dickens "Le Campane". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Jack London "Il vagabondo delle stelle". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Katherine Mansfield "In una pensione tedesca". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Maria-Anna Brucker "Klezmer". (Schell Music, 2014). .
 2014. Emilia Pardo Bazan "La Tribuna". (Faligi Editore, 2014). .
 2014. Christy Bower "Bible Surveyor Handbook". (CreateSpace, 2014). .
 2014. Vivien Miller, James Campbell "Transnational Penal Cultures". (Routledge, 2014). .
 2014. Blanka Grzegorczyk "Discourses of Postcolonialism in Contemporary British Children's Literature". (Routledge, 2014). .
 2014. Paul J. Nahin "Holy Sci-Fi!". (Springer, 2014). .
 2014. Serkan Türk "Bak Önümüzde Yeni Bir Mevsim / Look, the new season before us". (Dedalus Kitap, 2014). .
 2014. Emre Ergin "Dördüncü Dilek: La Disparition / The Fourth Wish: The Disappearance". (Dedalus Kitap, 2014). .
 2014. Güray Süngü "Köşe Başında Suret Bulan Tek Kişilik Aşk / Around The Corner Found A Single Surrogate Love". (Dedalus Kitap, 2014). .
 2014. Jiri Wilson Nemec "Rychlebsko's tales 2". (Komfi, 2014). .
 2014. Ivan Zorin "The Clown's avatar". (Ripol klassik, 2014). .
 2014. Marianna Goncharova "Cat Scriabin". (Azbuka, 2014). .
 2014. Harry Gordon "Later. Dark. Far." (Ast, 2014). .
 2014. Andrey Ivanov "Bizar". (Ripol klassik, 2014). .
 2014. Leonid Filatov "Sons of Bitches". (Ast, 2014). .
 2014. Edvard Radzinsky "I stand at restaurant: in marriage - late to die - early". (Ast, 2014). .
 2014. Maroussia Klimova "My Anti-History of Russian Literature". (Ast, 2014). .
 2014. Drago Jancar "Kehanet". (Dedalus, 2014). , .
 2014. Yury Buida "Blue blood". (Eksmo, 2014). .
 2014. Marianna Goncharova "Kangaroo in the jacket and other funny stories". (Azbuka, 2014). , .
 2014. Yury Buida "Message for My Lady Left Hand". (Eksmo, 2014). .
 2014. Pedro Barrento "Marlene and Sofia". (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014). , .
 2014. Yury Dombrovsky "The Keeper of Antiquities". (Strada Fictiunii, 2014). .
 2013. Fyodor Dostoyevsky Crime and punishment. (Panama Yayıncılık, 2013). .
 2013. Leo Rosten "The Joys of Yiddish". (Leda, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Poison and honey". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Vsevolod Benigsen "Frolov Chakra". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Ermo". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Lions and lilies". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Elena Kasyan "Sent dot". (Ahill, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Zhungli". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Jean-François Beauchemin "The Day Crows".  (Québec Amérique, 2013). .
 2013. Orhan Tez "Söyleş Benimle Dedi Güzel Türkçem". (Cinius, 2013). .
 2013. Ron Miller "The Radical Theories of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton". (Twenty-First Century Books, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Don Domino". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Marianna Goncharova "The Fourth Ring". (Azbuka, 2013). .
 2013. Angela Shteyngart "Don't get used to love". (M. Graphics Publishing, 2013). .
 2013. Yury Buida "Thief, spy and murderer". (Eksmo, 2013). .
 2013. Rabbi Nachman`s Haggadah. (Miskal-Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books, 2013). .
 2013. Master Eugene "English listening training diary". (Person, 2013). .
 2013. Aluisio Azevedo "O Homem". (Martin Claret, 2013). .
 2013. Vilma de Sousa "Língua e Literatura em Foco 1.". (Positivo, 2013). .
 2013. Vilma de Sousa "Língua e Literatura em Foco 2". (Positivo, 2013). .
 2013. Vilma de Sousa "Língua e Literatura em Foco 3". (Positivo, 2013). .
 2013. D.K.R. Boyd "The Reflecting Man #1". (Wonderdog Press, 2013). .
 2013. José Martí "Amicizia funesta". (Faligi Editore, 2013). .
 2013. Mikhail Bulgakov "La guardia bianca". (Faligi Editore, 2013). .
 2013. Oscar Wilde "Il ritratto di Mr. W.H.". (Faligi Editore, 2013). .
 2013. Arya Yudistira Syuman "Metafora dalam Cinta". (PT Gramedia Pustaka Utam, 2013). .
 2013. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing "Favole e racconti". (Faligi Editore, 2013). .
 2012. Thomas W. Collier "History of Jazz Online Course". (Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2012). .
 2012. Sergio de Regules "La mamá de Kepler". (B DE BOOKS, 2012). .
 2012. P. G. Wodehouse "A little bit of someone else's feelings". (Аst, 2012). .
 2012. M. Zattoni, G. Gillini "I racconti meravigliosi della Bibbia". (Effatà, 2012). .
 2012. Aluisio Azevedo "O Cortico". (Martin Claret, 2012). .
 2012. P. G. Wodehouse "The Clicking of Cuthber. The Heart of a Goof. Lord Emsworth and Others". (Astrel, 2012). .
 2012. Yury Dombrovsky "The Faculty of Useless Knowledge". (Strada Fictiunii, 2012). .
 2012. Yury Dombrovsky "The Monkey Comes for his Skull". (Strada Fictiunii, 2012). .
 2012. Débora Cristina Santos e Silva, Goiandira Ortiz de Camargo "Look The Poem". (Cânone Editorial, 2012). .
 2012. Jean-Philippe Calvin "Kleztet". (Emerson Edition, 2012). ISMN M570407620.
 2012. Tudor Călin Zarojanu "Mass Media Insider". (Editura Polirom, 2012). .
 2012. Stratis Tsirkas "Jerusalem". (Can Yayınları, 2012). .
 2012. Daniel Lifschitz "The rabbis, hustlers and beggars". (Wydawnictwo Promic, 2012). .
 2012. John Oldale "Doktor Oldales geographisches Lexikon". (Rororo, 2012). , .
 2012. Daniel Lifschitz "Laughter in Hebrew from A to Z". (Wydawnictwo Promic, 2012). .
 2012. Hayden Thorne "Clouds’ Illusions". (JMS Books LLC, 2012). .
 2012. Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay Articuler emploi et famille. (Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2012). .
 2012. P. G. Wodehouse Something Fresh. Summer Lightning. Heavy Weather. Uncle Fred in the Springtime. (Astrel, 2012). .
 2012. P. G. Wodehouse Full Moon. Uncle Dynamite. Pics Have Wings. Coctail Time. Blandings Castle. (Astrel, 2012). .
 2012. John Fletcher, Ben Jonson English Comedy Plays of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century. (Kindle Edition, 2012). ASIN B008PGQ172.
 2012. P. G. Wodehouse The Little Nugget: Piccadilly Jim: Money for Nothing. (Astrel, 2012). .
 2012. M. Lavrentyev Visions of the earth. (Literaturnaya Rossiya, 2012). .
 2011. European integration. Edited by O. Butorina. (Business literature, 2011). .
 2011. Mohammed Hasan Alwan "The Beaver". (Saqi Books, Beirut, 2011). .
 2011. David Allen The Sophisticated Alcoholic. (John Hunt, 2011). .
 2011. The book by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz Six stories of Rabbi Nachman of Bratzlav. (Devir, 2011).
 2011. P. G. Wodehouse Ukride and other story. (Astrel, 2011). .
 2011. Zdenek K. Slaby "Scary tales". (Portal, 2011). .
 2011. Cori Pursell "The Night Pilgrimage". (Lulu, 2011). .
 2011. Izumi Utamaro "One day I died". (Yedam, 2011). .
 2011. James Joyce "A portrait of the artist as a young man". (Feel the book, 2011).
 2011. Leo Tolstoy "Insan Ne ile Yasar / What Men Live By". (Panama Yayıncılık, 2011). .
 2011. Igor Guberman "All "Gariks". (Zakharov Books, 2011). .
 2011. Léo Dex, M. Dibos "Viaggio e avventure di un aerostato attraverso il Madagascar insorto". (Faligi Editore, 2011). .
 2011. Brian M. Stableford "The Quintessence of August". (Borgo Press, 2011). .
 2011. Joel Chandler Harris "Il piccolo Sig.Dito De Ditale e il suo stravagante paese". (Faligi Editore, 2011). .
 2011. Elettra Groppo "Al di là del fiume". (Faligi Editore, 2011). .
 2011. Cyrus Townsend Brady "Un piccolo libro per il Natale". (Faligi Editore, 2011). .
 2010. Giorgio Borra "La stanza del tenente". (0111edizioni, 2010). .
 2010. DC Erickson. No One Laughs at a Dead Clown. (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2010). , .
 2010. Randall Garrett "Despoilers of the Golden Empire". (Wildside Press, 2010). , .
 2010. Arthur Phillips "Prague". (Modern Times S.A., Athens, 2010). .
 2010. Huseyin Tunc "Now what are we actually". (Nesil, 2010).
 2010. Vladimir Dobrushkin "Mathematics of Social Choice and Finance". (Kendall Hunt, 2010). .
 2010. Sendecka Zyta, Szedzianis Elzbieta "The Books seria Vademecum of High school examination". (Operon, 2010).
 2010. Autori Vari "Bookland 2010". (MyBook, 2010). .
 2010. W. Somerset Maugham "The Hero". (WLC, 2010). .
 2010. The book series by P. G. Wodehouse. (Astrel, 2012).
 2010. The poetry book "Poetica Magazine". (Poetica, 2010). .
 2010. Ed Galing "Pushcarts and Peddlers". (Poetica, 2010).
 2010. Lyubov and Yevgeny Lukins "Until the Time Ends". (PrinTerra-Dizajn, 2010). .
 2010. Elena Kasjan "Poste Restante". (Ahill, 2010). .
 2009. Dorothy L. Sayers "Whose Body?". (Wildside Press, 2009). .
 2009. Horatio Alger "Struggling Upward". (Wildside Press, 2009). .
 2009. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing "Nathan the Wise: A Dramatic Play in Five Acts". (Classic Drama Book Company, 2009). , .
 2009. Agatha Christie "Einzige ungekürzte lesung". (Hörbuchproduktionen, 2009). .
 2009. Jiri Kratochvil "The immortal story". (Mozaik knjiga, 2009). .
 2009. Rabbi Dov Peretz Elkins "Jewish Guided Imagery". (A.R.E. Press, 2009). .
 2008. Yevgenia Ginzburg "Journey into the Whirlwind". (Astrel, 2008). ., .
 2008. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross "The wheell of life: A memoir of living and dying ". (BM Books, Golden Owl, 2008). .
 2007. Daniele D'Alberto "Pensieri di Scribacchino". (Caravaggio Editore, 2007). .
 2004. The children book "Murbi ja Paliina". (Hea Algus, 2004). .
 2000. The children colouring book. (Pierot, 2000).

Selected music album covers by Eugene Ivanov

Selected book covers by Eugene Ivanov

Notes

External links

Big Eugene Ivanov's art collection on Patreon
Eugene Ivanov on Etsy
Eugene Ivanov on Dreamstime
Eugene Ivanov on pinterest
Eugene Ivanov on facebook
So Real in So Many Ways: Surreal Illustrations Eugene Ivanov.
Eugene Ivanov on Radio Prague interview Live
I work everyday. It’s an unconscious, intuitive process.
Illustrations of Mafusail's lamp or the most recent battle of chekists with masons / Russian: Лампа Мафусаила, или Крайняя битва чекистов с масонами
Discover the Surreal Artwork of Illustrator Eugene Ivanov
Illustrations of Buddha's Little Finger (Chapayev and Void) / Russian: Чапаев и Пустота
Eugene Ivanov in the Databases of the National Library of Czech Republic
Artbrokerage.com/Eugene-Ivanov

1966 births
Living people
Czech painters
Czech male painters
Russian painters
Russian male painters
Artists from Prague
Steampunk
Cubist artists
Modern artists
People from Tyumen


title: Sailor

text:
A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship.

The profession of the sailor is old, and the term sailor has its etymological roots in a time when sailing ships were the main mode of transport at sea, but it now refers to the personnel of all watercraft regardless of the mode of transport, and encompasses people who operate ships professionally, be it for a military navy or civilian merchant navy, as a sport or recreationally. In a navy, there may be further distinctions: sailor may refer to any member of the navy even if they are based on land; while seaman may refer to a specific enlisted rank.

Professional mariners
Seafarers hold a variety of professions and ranks, each of which carries unique responsibilities which are integral to the successful operation of an ocean-going vessel. A ship's crew can generally be divided into four main categories: the deck department, the engineering department, the steward's department, and others.

Deck department

 Officer positions in the deck department include but are not limited to: master and his chief, second and third officers. The official classifications for unlicensed members of the deck department are able seaman and ordinary seaman. With some variation, the chief mate is most often charged with the duties of cargo mate. Second Mates are charged with being the medical officer in case of a medical emergency. All three mates each do four-hour morning and afternoon shifts on the bridge, when underway at sea.

A common deck crew for a ship includes:
 (1) Captain / Master
 (1) Chief Officer / First Mate
 (1) Second Officer / Second Mate
 (1) Third Officer / Third Mate
 (1) Boatswain (unlicensed Petty Officer: Qualified member Deck Dept.)
 (2) Able seamen (unlicensed qualified rating)
 (2) Ordinary seamen (entry-level rating)
 (0-1) Deck Cadet / unlicensed Trainee navigator / Midshipman

Engineering department

A ship's engineering department consists of the members of a ship's crew that operates and maintains the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel. Marine engineering staff also deal with the "hotel" facilities on board, notably the sewage, lighting, air conditioning and water systems. Engineering staff manages bulk fuel transfers, from a fuel-supply barge in port. When underway at sea, the second and third engineers will often be occupied with oil transfers from storage tanks, to active working tanks. Cleaning of oil purifiers is another regular task. Engineering staff is required to have training in firefighting and first aid. Additional duties include maintaining the ship's boats and performing other nautical tasks. Engineers play a key role in cargo loading/discharging gear and safety systems, though the specific cargo discharge function remains the responsibility of deck officers and deck workers.

A common engineering crew for a ship includes:
 (1) Chief Engineer
 (1) Second Engineer / First Assistant Engineer
 (1) Third Engineer / Second Assistant Engineer
 (1) Fourth Engineer / Third Assistant Engineer
 (1) Motorman (unlicensed Junior Engineer: Qualified member Engine Dept.)
 (2) Oiler (unlicensed qualified rating)
 (2) Entry-level rating Wiper
 (0–1) Engine Cadet / unlicensed Trainee engineer

American ships also carry a qualified member of the engine department. Other possible positions include motorman, machinist, electrician, refrigeration engineer and tankerman.

Steward's department

A typical steward's department for a cargo ship is a chief steward, a chief cook and a steward's assistant. All three positions are typically filled by unlicensed personnel.

The chief steward directs, instructs, and assigns personnel performing such functions as preparing and serving meals; cleaning and maintaining officers' quarters and steward department areas; and receiving, issuing, and inventorying stores.

The chief steward also plans menus, compiles supply, overtime, and cost control records. The steward may requisition or purchase stores and equipment. Galley's roles may include baking.

A chief steward's duties may overlap with those of the steward's assistant, the chief cook, and other Steward's department crewmembers.

A person in the United States Merchant Marine has to have a Merchant Mariner's Document issued by the United States Coast Guard in order to serve as a chief steward. All chief cooks who sail internationally are similarly documented by their respective countries because of international conventions and agreements.

The only time that steward department staff are charged with duties outside the steward department is during the execution of the fire and boat drill.

Other departments

Various types of staff officer positions may exist on board a ship, including junior assistant purser, senior assistant purser, purser, chief purser, medical doctor, professional nurse, marine physician assistant, and hospital corpsman. In the USA these jobs are considered administrative positions and are therefore regulated by Certificates of Registry issued by the United States Coast Guard. Pilots are also merchant marine officers and are licensed by the Coast Guard.

Working conditions

Mariners spend extended periods at sea. Most deep-sea mariners are hired for one or more voyages that last for several months. There is no job security after that. The length of time between voyages varies by job availability and personal preference.

The rate of unionization for these workers in the United States is about 36 percent, much higher than the average for all occupations. Consequently, merchant marine officers and seamen, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies. Hiring halls fill jobs by the length of time the person has been registered at the hall and by their union seniority. Hiring halls typically are found in major seaports.

At sea, on larger vessels members of the deck department usually stand watch for four hours and are off for eight hours, seven days a week.

Mariners work in all weather conditions. Working in damp and cold conditions often is inevitable, although ships try to avoid severe storms while at sea. It is uncommon for modern vessels to suffer disasters such as fire, explosion, or a sinking. Yet workers face the possibility of having to abandon ship on short notice if it collides with other vessels or runs aground. Mariners also risk injury or death from falling overboard and from hazards associated with working with machinery, heavy loads, and dangerous cargo. However, modern safety management procedures, advanced emergency communications, and effective international rescue systems place modern mariners in a much safer position.

Most newer vessels are air conditioned, soundproofed from noisy machinery, and equipped with comfortable living quarters. These amenities have helped ease the sometimes difficult circumstances of long periods away from home. Also, modern communications such as email, instant messaging and social media platforms link modern mariners to their families. Nevertheless, some mariners dislike the long periods away from home and the confinement aboard ship. They consequently leave the profession.

Life at sea

Professional mariners live on the margins of society, with much of their life spent beyond the reach of land. They face cramped, stark, noisy, and dangerous conditions at sea. Yet men and women still go to sea. For some, the attraction is a life unencumbered with the restraints of life ashore. Seagoing adventure and a chance to see the world also appeal to many seafarers. Whatever the calling, those who live and work at sea invariably confront social isolation.

Findings by the Seafarer's International Research Center indicate a leading cause of mariners leaving the industry is "almost invariably because they want to be with their families". U.S. merchant ships typically do not allow family members to accompany seafarers on voyages. Industry experts increasingly recognize isolation, stress, and fatigue as occupational hazards. Advocacy groups such as International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency, and the Nautical Institute seek improved international standards for mariners.

One's service aboard ships typically extends for months at a time, followed by protracted shore leave. However, some seamen secure jobs on ships they like and stay aboard for years. In rare cases, veteran mariners choose never to go ashore when in port.

Further, the quick turnaround of many modern ships, spending only a matter of hours in port, limits a seafarer's free-time ashore. Moreover, some seafarers entering U.S. ports from a watch list of 25 countries deemed high-risk face restrictions on shore leave due to security concerns in a post 9/11 environment. However, shore leave restrictions while in U.S. ports impact American seamen as well. For example, the International Organization of Masters, Mates & Pilots notes a trend of U.S. shipping terminal operators restricting seamen from traveling from the ship to the terminal gate. Further, in cases where transit is allowed, special "security fees" are at times assessed.

Such restrictions on shore leave coupled with reduced time in port by many ships translate into longer periods at sea. Mariners report that extended periods at sea living and working with shipmates who for the most part are strangers takes getting used to. At the same time, there is an opportunity to meet people from a wide range of ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Recreational opportunities have improved aboard some U.S. ships, which may feature gyms and day rooms for watching movies, swapping sea stories, and other activities. And in some cases, especially tankers, it is made possible for a mariner to be accompanied by members of his family. However, a mariner's off-duty time at sea is largely a solitary affair, pursuing hobbies, reading, writing letters, and sleeping.

Internet accessibility is fast coming to the sea with the advent of cheap satellite communication, mainly from Inmarsat. The availability of affordable roaming SIM cards with online top-up facilities have also contributed to improved connection with friends and family at home.

Notable mariners

Erik the Red and his son Leif Erikson were the first notable mariners known to sail in a primitive, partly man powered vessel across the Arctic and the North Atlantic Ocean.

Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha (Turkish: Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa or Hızır Hayrettin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kaptan-ı Derya (Fleet Admiral) of the Ottoman Navy) (c. 1478 – 4 July 1546) was an Ottoman admiral who dominated the Mediterranean for decades. He was born on the island of Lesbos/ Mytilini and died in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital.

Merchant seamen have gone on to make their mark on the world in a number of interesting ways. Traian Băsescu, who started his career as a third mate in 1976 was the president of Romania from 2004 to 2014. Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded the city of Sydney, Australia. Merchant mariner Douglass North went from seaman to navigator to winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economics. Jimmy Carter went on to become the 39th president of the United States after service in the US Navy.

Members of the British Merchant Navy have won the Distinguished Service Cross and have had careers taking them from 'Deck Boy Peter' to Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC. Canadian merchant seamen have won the Victoria Cross and the Medal of Honor. American merchant seamen have won the Medal of Honor in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and one went on to become the "Father of the American Navy." One does not have to look far to find merchant seamen who became war heroes in Scotland, France, New Zealand, Peru, or Denmark.

Since World War II, a number of merchant seamen have become notorious criminals. American William Colepaugh was convicted as a Nazi spy in World War II and Fritz Sauckel was convicted as a Nazi war criminal. Briton Duncan Scott-Ford was hanged for treachery in World War II. George Hennard was an American mass murderer who claimed 23 victims on a rampage at Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas. And Perry Smith's own murderous rampage was made famous in Truman Capote's non-fiction novel In Cold Blood.

Mariners are well represented in the visual arts. French pilot's assistant Paul Gauguin later became a leading post-impressionist painter and pioneered modern art's synthetist style. American seaman Haskell Wexler later won two Academy Awards, the latter for a biography of his shipmate Woody Guthrie. British Merchant Navy member Ken Russell later directed films such as Tommy, Altered States and The Lair of the White Worm. Merchant seaman Johnny Craig was already a working comic book artist before he joined up, but Ernie Schroeder would not start drawing comics until after returning home from World War II.

Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport. In football, with Fred Blackburn in England and the likes of Dan Devine and Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich in the U.S. In track and field, American seamen Cornelius Johnson and Jim Thorpe both won Olympic medals, though Thorpe did not get his until 30 years after his death. Seamen Jim Bagby Jr. and Charlie Keller went on to Major League Baseball. Drew Bundini Brown was Muhammad Ali's assistant trainer and cornerman, and Joe Gold went on to make his fortune as the bodybuilding and fitness guru of Gold's Gym.

Other sporting notables include Dutchman Henk de Velde known for sailing solo around the world, and Briton Matthew Webb who was the first person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aid.

Irish Merchant Navy member Kevin McClory spent 14 days in a lifeboat and later went on to write the James Bond movies Never Say Never Again and Thunderball. Members of the American Beat Movement Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Bob Kaufman, and Herbert Huncke were all Merchant Mariners.

It is perhaps not surprising that the writers of Moby Dick, The American Practical Navigator, and Two Years Before the Mast were Merchant Mariners. It might be surprising that the writers of Borat, A Hard Day's Night, and Cool Hand Luke were.

A number of U.S. Merchant Mariners from World War II later played well known television characters. The list includes Milburn Drysdale on The Beverly Hillbillies, Archie Bunker on All in the Family, Peter Falk on Columbo, Jim Rockford on The Rockford Files, Steve McGarret on Hawaii Five-O, Uncle Jesse Duke on The Dukes of Hazzard and Cheyenne Bodie on Cheyenne.

Other uses

An ancient term, the word "sailor" has come to mean many things. Sailor may refer to:
 A person who is under sail and not on a vessel with motorized power of any kind in the Royal Navy,
 A person who goes out sailing, boating or yachting,
 A person who practices the art of controlling the motion of a sailing ship or sailboat across a body of water,
 A member of a military naval force,
 Anyone on a boat,
 Anyone from a recruit to an admiral in a navy or coast guard,
 Members of the deck department as opposed to members of other departments in the Merchant Navy.

See also

 Airman
 Astronaut
 British Merchant Navy
 Marines
 Sailing
 Sailing (sport)
 Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)
 Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)
 Glossary of oilfield jargon
 Roughneck
 Sailor suit
 Seafarer's professions and ranks
 Seaman
 The Marine Society
 United States Merchant Marine
 Ocean rowing

Notes

References

External links

 Survey of Water Transport Occupations
 Seafarer Fatigue: The Cardiff Research Programme
 Sailor at Etymology Online
 The Telegraph, Sea no evil: the life of a modern sailor

Nautical terminology

Water transport
Military specialisms
Marine occupations


title: Donald Brown (defensive back)

text:
Donald Brown (born November 28, 1963) is a former American football defensive back who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Miami Dolphins, San Diego Chargers and New York Giants. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the fifth round of the 1986 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma before transferring to the University of Maryland. Brown attended Annapolis High School in Annapolis, Maryland. He was also a member of the Miami Hooters of the Arena Football League (AFL). He was named Second-team All-Arena in 1994.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1963 births
African-American players of American football
American football defensive backs
Living people
Maryland Terrapins football players
Miami Dolphins players
Miami Hooters players
New York Giants players
Oklahoma Sooners football players
Players of American football from Maryland
San Diego Chargers players
Sportspeople from Annapolis, Maryland
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


title: William Lanford House

text:
The William Lanford House (also known as the Lanford-Slaughter-Camper House) is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama.  The house was built by William Lanford, a native of Spotsylvania County, Virginia.  Lanford's father, Robert, was an early land speculator who came to Huntsville from Nashville along with LeRoy Pope.  William purchased 1,975 acres (800 ha) in 1843 and built his house in 1850.  Lanford's daughter, Mary, married physician John R. Slaughter in 1853, who later moved his practice to the house in William Lanford's later life.  Upon his death in 1881, the land was divided among Lanford's daughters, with Mary and Dr. Slaughter remaining in the house.  After Mary's death in 1913, the house was sold to William Olin Camper in 1919.  Camper and his brother Robert were merchants in Madison and Huntsville, and owned the Twickenham Hotel in Huntsville.

The house is situated on 52 acres (21 ha) between Indian Creek and Cummings Research Park, in extreme western Huntsville near the town of Madison.  It exhibits well-proportioned Greek Revival form, with a double-height tetrastyle portico and gently sloped gable roof.  The portico base is of brick, with four boxed, tapered columns with Doric capitals.  A balcony sits above the front entrance, which is surrounded by pilasters and an entablature, and topped with a Federal-style sunburst fanlight.  Windows outside of the portico are six-over-six sashes with Palladianesque narrow sidelights.  The interior has a central hall flanked by two rooms on each side.  The walls of the front two rooms are built of multiple panels which can be folded up to create a large space for entertaining.  A two-room addition off the northwest of the house, constructed in the mid-20th century, contains a den, bedroom, and bathroom, while an enclosed veranda sits off the eastern half of the rear.  On the second floor, there are four bedrooms, and a deck over the veranda.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Greek Revival houses in Alabama
Houses completed in 1850
Houses in Huntsville, Alabama


title: Robert Benecke

text:
Robert Benecke (January 25, 1835 – November 3, 1903) was a German-born American photographer, operating primarily out of St. Louis in the latter half of the 19th century. Along with portraits, his works included photographs of railroads, bridges, buildings, and steamboats. He received considerable acclaim for his exhibit at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, and was among the earliest Americans to experiment with the artotype process in the early 1870s.  He later turned to dry plate manufacturing, and worked as an editor for the St. Louis and Canadian Photographer in the 1890s.

Life
Benecke was born in the German town of Stiege, then part of the Duchy of Brunswick, on January 25, 1835.  He was the son of Heinrich Ludwig Theodore Benecke, a teacher, and Johanna Auguste Bock.  He studied at Blankenburg College, initially in hopes of becoming a civil engineer.  After graduating, he enlisted in the Brunswick army in 1854.  On a visit to the town of Nordhausen in 1855, he had his picture taken at an ambrotype studio.  Impressed, he returned to the studio shortly afterward to work as an assistant and learn the photography trade.  His first camera utilized a Lebrun lens and a plate holder he had constructed himself.

Due to their pro-democracy activities, the Beneckes were forced to flee to the United States, arriving in Brunswick, Missouri, on August 1, 1856.  Robert worked variously as a farmer, cooper, and piano tuner, and briefly taught German, French, and Latin at the Brunswick Seminary.  Around 1857, he founded a photography studio in partnership with itinerant daguerreotypist E. Meier and painter Joseph Keyte.  In December 1858, Benecke announced he had acquired a powerful new camera that could take photographs of any size.

In April 1859, Benecke and his partners announced they were relocating to Pike's Peak Country in Colorado, where gold had recently been discovered, though there is no evidence they ever actually made the move.  Later that year, Benecke moved briefly to Knoxville, Tennessee, where with publisher Henry Hunt Snelling's help he had obtained temporary work as a photographer.  By mid-1860, he was back in St. Louis, and had returned to Brunswick by November 1860.  At the outbreak of the Civil War, he supported the Union, and enlisted in the 18th Missouri Volunteer Infantry.  In December 1861, he suffered an eye injury, and was granted a medical discharge.

In early 1862, Benecke purchased a studio on Market Street in St. Louis in partnership with photographer Hermann Hoelke, who had received considerable attention after his photograph of General Sterling Price appeared in Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper in September 1861.  By the end of the war, the studio was the most prominent in St. Louis.  After the war, the duo captured several prizes at the 1867 and 1868 St. Louis Fairs.  Sometime around 1869, Benecke dissolved his partnership with Hoelke, and continued alone.

Benecke nearly swept the photography prizes at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, including first prizes for photographic views, stereographs, and pastel or chalk on photographs.  In 1871, he toured the Lower Mississippi River to take photographs for a stereo card collection.  In June 1873, he accompanied writer Edward King on a tour of the Indian Territory, and published several photographs of this tour in Scribner's Magazine the following month. In October 1873, Benecke was hired by the Kansas Pacific Railroad to provide nearly 100 promotional shots along its line from Kansas to Denver, which he accomplished using a rail car outfitted with a darkroom.  After completing this task, he spent part of November 1873 photographing Denver and the surrounding mountains.

In early 1872, Benecke began working with the artotype process, which involved the application of printer's ink to a photograph to prevent fading.  He was one of the first American photographers, and the first west of the Mississippi River, to make extensive use of this process.  After a trip to Germany in 1883, Benecke began manufacturing dry plates.  In 1886, he was hired by fellow German immigrant Gustav Cramer to supervise the Cramer Dry Plate Works in St. Louis, a position he held for the rest of his life.  Beginning in the 1890s, Benecke began working as an editor for the St. Louis and Canadian Photographer, a magazine that had been established by his friend John Fitzgibbon (1817–1882), and published by Fitzgibbon's widow, Maria.

After suffering from a stomach-related illness for several weeks, Benecke died at his home on Armand Avenue in St. Louis on November 3, 1903.  He is interred with his family at the Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.

Works
Early in his career, Benecke was inspired by Charles Waldack's Treatise of Photography on Collodion. Benecke's studio in the late 1850s advertised ambrotypes and daguerreotypes, and offered copying and enlargement services.  By late 1860, he was offering melainotypes and photo coloring services (namely coloring photos using water colors or oils).  By the early 1880s, he was working almost exclusively with artotypes.

Benecke photographed numerous places in St. Louis and its vicinity throughout his career, including steamboats, bridges, streets, and panoramic views.  One of his most popular stereo card collections featured the Eads Bridge in its various phases of construction. A panoramic view of St. Louis exhibited by Benecke at the 1870 St. Louis Fair was widely praised.  In 1883, he provided several artotypes for a guide and history of Tower Grove Park.

Benecke was writing articles on photography as early as the late 1850s, when he was submitting  articles to Snelling's Photographic and Fine-Art Journal.  During the 1870s and 1880s, Benecke wrote articles on topics ranging from improvising with minimal equipment to how to select and care for lenses.  As an editor for the St. Louis and Canadian Photographer, Benecke wrote a column, "Echoes from Europe," which provided a summary of articles translated from German and French photography journals.

In an 1888 article, Benecke gave insight into the process he used to create stereo cards.  He suggested using two achromatic lenses of "six inches focus" placed  apart.  He noted that careful attention should be paid to trimming and mounting the finished images, arguing that errors during this part of the process were frequently to blame for the double images not matching one another or lining up.  He bemoaned the lack of interest in stereo cards among younger photographers.

Benecke's photographs are now part of the collections of the New York Public Library, the J. Paul Getty Museum, and Southern Methodist University.

Family
Benecke married Mary Koenig on November 22, 1865. They had four children: Olga, Anna, Josephine, and Theodore.  Benecke's younger brother, Louis Benecke (1843–1919), was a prominent politician, entrepreneur and inventor who served in the Missouri Senate from 1869 to 1875.  Louis's son Ruby Benecke (1884–1973) was a prominent attorney and politician who held a string of lower political offices during the mid-20th century.

Gallery

References

External links

On the Kansas Pacific Railway – Kansas Historical Society article containing several of Benecke's 1873 Kansas Pacific photographs

Photographers from Saxony-Anhalt
1835 births
1903 deaths
American portrait photographers
People from Oberharz am Brocken
Artists from the Duchy of Brunswick
Immigrants to the United States
19th-century American photographers
People from Brunswick, Missouri
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
Photographers from Missouri
Writers from St. Louis


title: Niko Snoj

text:
Niko Snoj (born 13 July 1990) is a football midfielder from Slovenia. He plays for Radomlje.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Slovenian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
NK Triglav Kranj players


title: Free Love (film)

text:
Free Love is a 1930 Pre-Code film produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, directed by Hobart Henley and starring Conrad Nagel.

Cast
Genevieve Tobin - Hope Ferrier
Conrad Nagel - Stephen Ferrier
Monroe Owsley - Rush Bigelow
Bertha Mann - Helena
Ilka Chase - Pauline
George Irving - Judge Sturgis
Reginald Pasch - Dr. Wohlheim
ZaSu Pitts - Ada
Slim Summerville - Dennis
Sidney Bracey - Butler

Preservation status
A print of this film is in the collection of the Library of Congress.

References

External links

AllMovie/synopsis

1930 films
1930 comedy films
American comedy films
American black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Hobart Henley
Universal Pictures films
1930s American films


title: Immunobiology (journal)

text:
Immunobiology  is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering immunology, published by Elsevier. It was established in 1908 as the Zeitschrift für Immunitätsforschung and renamed Immunobiology in 1980. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 3.180.

References

External links

Immunology journals
Elsevier academic journals
Publications established in 1908


title: Jagath

text:
Jagath is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Jagath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan Army general
Jagath Balasuriya, Sri Lankan politician
Jagath Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan musician
Bandula Jagath, Sri Lankan cricketer
A. P. Jagath Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan politician
Jagath Chamila, Sri Lankan actor
Jagath is also a ritual / industrial music act.

Sinhalese masculine given names
Sinhalese given names


title: Huddy Park

text:
Huddy Park is a location in Highlands, New Jersey. Dedicated to the patriot hero Joshua Huddy of the American Revolutionary War, who was hanged there in 1782, Huddy Park is the site of the local "Clamfest" since 1994.

References

Highlands, New Jersey
Parks in Monmouth County, New Jersey


title: Dean Crowe Theatre

text:
The Dean Crowe Theatre & Arts Centre is a theatre and arts space in Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland.

History
Built in 1800 the building served as the parish church for 137 years. The altar was placed against the wall in the middle of the building, seating on three sides, with three galleries overhead. In 1937 the present day church of SS. Peter and Paul was completed, and so the building was converted to use as a parochial hall, and later, a theatre and centre for the arts.

In the 1960s, the theatre building was home to the newly founded St. Aloysius College.

References

External links
Website

Buildings and structures in Athlone
County Westmeath
Theatres in the Republic of Ireland