title: Kase Run

text:
Kase Run is a tributary of Mahoning Creek in Montour County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately  long and flows through West Hemlock Township and Valley Township. The stream's watershed has an area of . The stream and a number of its tributaries are considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired by siltation due to agriculture.

The rock in the watershed of Kase Run is of several rock formations, including the  Wills Creek Formation, the Trimmers Rock Formation, the Catskill Formation, the Hamilton Group, and others. The soil series in the stream's watershed include the Leck Kill-Minersville-Calvin series and the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series. Kase Run may have been named after Abraham Kase. It is designated as a coldwater fishery.

Course
Kase Run begins in a small pond immediately south of Styer Road in eastern West Hemlock Township. The stream flows southwest into a valley for approximately  before turning south and staying in the valley. Further downstream, it turns southwest and then south again before leaving the valley. Here, it turns west and eventually enters Valley Township. It continues west for a distance before turning southwest and crossing Interstate 80. Less than a mile downstream of this point, the stream reaches its confluence with Mahoning Creek.

Kase Run joins Mahoning Creek  upstream of its mouth.

Hydrology
The water temperature of Kase Run has been described as "not particularly warm or cold" by A. Joseph Armstrong in his book Trout Unlimited's Guide to Pennsylvania Limestone Streams.

Kase Run is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired for its entire length except for its upper reaches. Several of its tributaries are also considered to be impaired. The stream and a number of its unnamed tributaries experience siltation due to agriculture.

In 2010, at various points in the watershed of Kase Run, the runoff curve numbers ranged from 58.9 to 62.4, with an average of 61.3. By 2020, the runoff curve numbers are predicted to range from 60.0 to 65.0 at these sites. The lag time for stormwater at various points in the watershed ranged from 45.5 to 79.1 minutes in 2010. The average lag time was 66.8 minutes. The lag time is predicted to range from 45.4 to 79.0 minutes in 2020. The predicted average lag time in this year is 65.1 minutes.

Geology
The lower reaches of Kase Run lie over rock of the Wills Creek Formation. The middle reaches of the stream are on rock of the Hamilton Group, while the upper reaches are over rock of the Trimmers Rock Formation and the Catskill Formation. The stream's southern tributaries are on rock of the Bloomsburg and Mifflintown Formation and the Clinton Group.

The soil near the headwaters of Kase Run is of the Leck Kill-Minersville-Calvin soil series. The soil in the rest of the stream's watershed is of the Berks-Weikert-Bedington soil series.

All of the 34 streambanks on Kase Run are less than  high. Six of the banks on the stream have angles of less than 45 degrees, 12 have angles that are between 45 and 90 degrees, and 16 have angles of over 90 degrees. 9 of the stream's banks are made of small rocks and 25 are made of sand and clay.

Geography
The width of Kase Run ranges from . The stream is a freestone stream.

The elevation of Kase Run near its mouth is  above sea level. The elevation of the stream at its source is approximately  above sea level.

There are 78 features on Kase Run that are classified as "disturbances". 34 of these are erosion sites (17 of which are on the stream's left bank and 17 of which are on its right bank), 24 are deposition bars, and eight are tributaries. Three are bridges, three are pipes, two are riprap, one is a dam, and one is a ford.

Watershed
The watershed of Kase Run has an area of . The watershed is mostly in Montour County, but part of it is also in Columbia County. Much of the land along the stream is agricultural or developed land, but there are forested areas near the headwaters.

There are  of streams in the watershed of Kase Run. , or 8.7 percent, are listed as "not attaining".

History and etymology
Kase Run is likely named after Abraham Kase. In the early 1800s, Kase owned a tract of land along the stream.

Three bridges over Kase Run were built in 1963. One is  long, one is  long, and one is  long. The latter two carry Interstate 80.

In January 2007, 190 gallons of heating oil were spilled at a private residence and eventually contaminated a tributary of Kase Run. As a result of the spill, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection issued an $8500 fine to the Leighow Oil Company.

Historically, Kase Run was larger than it is in modern times.

Biology
Although Isonychia mayflies inhabit Kase Run, no trout do. The stream is designated as a coldwater fishery.

The Montour County Natural Areas Inventory has recommended planting native trees on Kase Run. The stated purpose for this is to decrease non-point source pollution.

One of the 34 streambanks on Kase Run is more than 60 percent covered by vegetation. 22 are between 30 and 60 percent covered by vegetation and 11 are covered less than 30 percent by vegetation.

See also
Sechler Run, next tributary of Mahoning Creek going downstream
Mauses Creek, next tributary of Mahoning Creek going upstream
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

Rivers of Montour County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Susquehanna River


title: Epichorista phaeocoma

text:
Epichorista phaeocoma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Malawi.

References

Endemic fauna of Malawi
Moths described in 1914
Epichorista


title: Latham Shale

text:
The Latham Shale is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cambrian California


title: Monola Formation

text:
The Monola Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cambrian California
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Saline Valley Formation

text:
The Saline Valley Formation is a geologic formation in the Mojave Desert, in Inyo County, California.

It is located in the Saline Valley of northwestern Death Valley National Park.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cambrian California
Death Valley National Park
Geologic formations of California
Geology of Inyo County, California
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Natural history of Inyo County, California
Cambrian System of North America


title: Zabriskie Quartzite

text:
The Zabriskie Quartzite is a Cambrian Period geologic formation of the northern Mojave Desert, in Inyo County, California and Nye County, Nevada.

It is named for its occurrence at Zabriskie Point, located on the eastern slopes of Death Valley in Death Valley National Park.

Geology
The lower unit is defined by the Resting Springs Member, the upper unit by the Emigrant Pass Member.

It overlies the Wood Canyon Formation, and underlies the Carrara Formation.

The Quartzite is mostly massive arid granulated due to shearing, in beds  thick within the park, and up to  elsewhere.

Fossils
It preserves fossils dating back to the Lower Cambrian period of the Paleozoic Era.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cambrian California
Cambrian geology of Nevada
Geology of Inyo County, California
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Death Valley National Park
Quartzite formations
Cambrian System of North America
Geologic formations of California
Geologic formations of Nevada


title: Epichorista prodigiosa

text:
Epichorista prodigiosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Endemic moths of Kenya
Moths described in 1920
Epichorista


title: Baird Formation

text:
The Baird Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Carboniferous California


title: Bragdon Formation

text:
The Bragdon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. Its sandstones may be rich in quartz, chert and sedimentary rock fragments, or volcanic rock fragments, or volcanic ash (tuff) containing abundant crystals. Gravelly, loamy brown soils of the Hugo series are commonly developed on Bragdon parent material in the Trinity Lake area.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Carboniferous California


title: Epichorista psoropis

text:
Epichorista psoropis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Endemic moths of Kenya
Moths described in 1920
Epichorista


title: List of sociological associations

text:
This article is a list of sociological associations. It is intended to cover all professional associations dedicated to sociological inquiry or a subset thereof, whether or not the association is currently active.

A
Alabama-Mississippi Sociological Association
American Sociological Association
Armenian Sociological Association
Asia Pacific Sociological Association
Association for Humanist Sociology
Association for the Sociology of Religion, Formed in 1938 as the American Catholic Sociological Society
Association Francaise de Sociologie (France)
Association of Applied and Clinical Sociology (AACS)
Australian Sociological Association
Azerbaijani Sociological Association

B
Bangladesh Sociological Society (BSS)
Berufsverband Deutscher Soziologinnen und Soziologen e.v.
Brazilian Sociological Society
British Sociological Association
Bulgarian Sociological Association

C
California Sociological Association
Canadian Association of French-speaking Sociologists and Anthropologists
Canadian Sociological Association
Caribbean Sociological Association
Chinese Sociological Association
Clinical Sociology

D
Danish Sociological Association
District of Columbia Sociological Society

E
Eastern Sociological Society
Ethiopian Society of Sociologists
European Association for Sociology of Sport
European Society for Health and Medical Sociology
European Society for Rural Sociology
European Sociological Association

F

G
German Association for Law and Society, founded in 1976 as Association for Sociology of Law
German Sociological Association - ( Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie, DGS)
Great Plains Sociological Association

H
Hawaii Sociological Association
 Hong Kong Sociological Association

I
Illinois Sociological Association
Indian Medical Sociology Association
Indian Sociological Society
International Institute of Sociology
International Rural Sociology Association
International Society for the Sociology of Religion
International Sociological Association
International Visual Sociology Association
Iowa Sociological Association
Iranian Sociological Association

J
Japan Sociological Society (JSS)

K
Korean Sociological Association (South Korea)

L
Latin American Sociological Association (ALAS)

M
Michigan Sociological Association  (MSA)
Mid-South Sociological Association (MSS)
Midwest Sociological Society
Missouri Sociological Association

N
New England Sociological Association
New York State Sociological Association
Nordic Sociological Association
North American Society for the Sociology of Sport
North Carolina Sociological Association
North Central Sociological Association
North West Indian Sociological Association

O
Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law

P
Pacific Sociological Association
Philippine Sociological Society
Polish Sociological Association (Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne, PTS)
Portuguese Sociological Association (Associação Portuguesa de Sociologia, APS)

Q

R
Rural Sociological Society
Russian Sociological Society

S
Sociological Association of Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Sociological Association of Ireland
Sociological Association of Pakistan
Sociological Association of Turkey
Sociological Association of Ukraine
Sociological Research Association
Sociologists for Women in Society
Sociology of Education Association
South African Sociological Association
Southern Rural Sociological Society
Southern Sociological Society (SSS)
Southwestern Sociological Association

T
Taiwanese Sociological Association
Turkish Social Science Association
Turkish Sociological Association

U
Uganda Sociological and Anthropological Association

V

W
Wisconsin Sociological Association

X

Y

Z

See also
Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP)
Society for the Scientific Study of Religion

References

Associations


title: Epichorista sicca

text:
Epichorista sicca is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Moths described in 1912
Epichorista


title: Antelope Shale

text:
The Antelope Shale is a geologic formation in the San Joaquin Valley of central California.

It underlies the Pliocene epoch Etchegoin Formation.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California
Shale formations of the United States
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Geology of Kern County, California
Geologic formations of California


title: Crack Canyon Formation

text:
The Crack Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Hennadiy Prykhodko

text:
Hennadiy Prykhodko (; born 14 August 1973) is a former Ukrainian football midfielder and football manager.

Career
Prykhodko started his football career in the Soviet Union, played for FC Dynamo Bila Tserkva in 1990 in the Soviet Second League B, then played in some Ukrainian teams of different leagues. He retired in 2005 as a professional and in 2008 as an amateur player.

Personal life
Prykhodko is the father of the Ukrainian footballer Klim Prykhodko.

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Kryvyi Rih
Ukrainian men's footballers
Soviet men's footballers
Ukrainian football managers
FC Ros Bila Tserkva players
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players
FC Torpedo Zaporizhzhia players
FC Dnipro players
FC Dnipro-2 Dnipropetrovsk players
FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi players
FC Zirka-2 Kropyvnytskyi players
Dinaburg FC players
FC Oleksandriya players
FC Nyva Vinnytsia players
FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih players
Soviet Second League B players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ukrainian First League players
Ukrainian Second League players
Latvian Higher League players
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia
FC Hirnyk Kryvyi Rih managers
FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih managers
Men's association football midfielders
Ukrainian First League managers
Ukrainian Second League managers


title: Gravelly Flat Formation

text:
The Gravelly Flat Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Lodoga Formation

text:
The Lodoga Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Hornbrook Formation

text:
The Hornbrook Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Joaquin Formation

text:
The Joaquin Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Moreno Grande Formation

text:
The Moreno Grande Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Ono Formation

text:
The Ono Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Pacheco Formation

text:
The Pacheco Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Panoche Formation

text:
The Panoche Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Pigeon Point Formation

text:
The Pigeon Point Formation is a geologic formation  in San Mateo County, California.

Geology
It is found on the western San Francisco Peninsula, on the coast and with its inland section is near the San Gregorio Fault system.

It was formed in the Campanian and Maastrichtian ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch, during the Mesozoic Era.

Fossils
The Pigeon Point Formation preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California

References
Field Guide to the Upper Cretaceous Pigeon Point Formation, U.S. Geological Survey

Geologic formations of California
Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
Cretaceous California
Campanian Stage
Maastrichtian Stage of North America
Geology of San Mateo County, California


title: Pleasants Sandstone

text:
The Pleasants Sandstone is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California
Sandstone formations of the United States


title: Redding Formation

text:
The Redding Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Shasta Formation

text:
The Shasta Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Tuna Canyon Formation

text:
The Tuna Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Waltham Formation

text:
The Waltham Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Forbes Shale

text:
The Forbes Shale is a geologic formation in the Sacramento Valley of northern California, United States. It is found in the Sutter Buttes area of Sutter County, California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Coniacian stage of the Late Cretaceous period.

Fossil content
The following fossils were reported from the formation:
Bivalves

 Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus
 Glycymerita veatchii
 Inoceramus subundatus
 I. Inoceramus vancouverensis
 I. aff. chicoensis
 I. aff. klamathensis
 I. aff. whitneyi
 Parallelodon|Parallelodon (Nanonavis) brewerlanus
 Pseudomelania colusaensis

Gastropods

 Bernaya (Protocypraea) kayei
 Biplica obliqua
 Dentalium (Entalis) whiteavesi
 Pseudomelania colusaensis
 Tessarolax distorta
 Volutoderma californica

Ammonites

 Baculites chicoensis
 B. inornatus
 Desmophyllites diphylloides
 Eupachydiscus arbucklensis
 E. willgreeni
 Eutrephoceras campbelli
 Lytoceras (Gaudryceras) alamedense
 Nowakites dobbinsi
 N. rumseyensis
 Oxybeloceras petrolense
 Parapachydiscus cortinaensis
 Puzosia (Holcodiscoides) gorrilli
 Puzosia (Parapuzosia) arenaica
 Baculites sp.
 Canadoceras sp.
 Hauericeras sp.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California

References

Bibliography

Further reading
  Google Books: The Sutter Buttes of California: A Study of Plio-Pleistocene Volcanism; Howel Williams, Garniss H. Curtis.

Geologic formations of California
Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
Cretaceous California
Coniacian Stage
Shale formations of the United States

Geology of Sutter County, California


title: Funks Shale

text:
The Funks Shale is a geologic formation in the Sacramento Valley of northern California.

It is found in the Sutter Buttes area of Sutter County, California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

 Google Books: The Sutter Buttes of California: A Study of Plio-Pleistocene Volcanism; Howel Williams, Garniss H. Curtis.

Cretaceous California
Geology of Sutter County, California
Shale formations of the United States
Geologic formations of California


title: Ragged Valley Shale

text:
The Ragged Valley Shale is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California
Shale formations of the United States


title: Chatsworth Formation

text:
The Chatsworth Formation is a Cretaceous period sandstone geologic formation in the Simi Hills and western Santa Susana Mountains of southern California.

It is found in western Los Angeles County and eastern Ventura County.  The  formation's thickness can be more than .

Fossils
The sedimentary marine formation preserves fossils dating from the Middle Campanian to Early Maestrichtian epochs of the Cretaceous period. It has diverse molluscan faunas.

The most common taxa are:
ringiculid Biplica
naticids Gyrodes and Euspira
trochid Atira
aporrhaids Anchuras and Lispodesthes
turritellid Turritella
perissityid Perissitys

See also

 Stoney Point (California) — Chatsworth Formation landmark.

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California
Sandstone formations of the United States
Campanian Stage
Maastrichtian Stage of North America
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Geology of Ventura County, California
Simi Hills
Santa Susana Mountains
Cretaceous fossil record
Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
Paleontology in California
Chatsworth, Los Angeles
Geography of Simi Valley, California
West Hills, Los Angeles
Geologic formations of California


title: Debris Dam Formation

text:
The Debris Dam Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: Paskenta Formation

text:
The Paskenta Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Cretaceous California


title: New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 1969–70

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured Pakistan in October to November 1969 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistan national cricket team. New Zealand won the Test series 1–0. New Zealand were captained by Graham Dowling and Pakistan by Intikhab Alam.

New Zealand had just finished three Test campaigns in England and India.

This was the first ever series win by New Zealand after almost 40 years and 30 consecutive winless series.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

References

External links

1969 in New Zealand cricket
1969 in Pakistani cricket
1969
International cricket competitions from 1960–61 to 1970
Pakistani cricket seasons from 1947–48 to 1969–70


title: Foreman Formation

text:
The Foreman Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Stony Creek Formation

text:
The Stony Creek Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic and Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Hinchman Formation

text:
The Hinchman Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Josephine Formation

text:
The Josephine Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Hardgrave Formation

text:
The Hardgrave Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Mormon Formation

text:
The Mormon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Potem Formation

text:
The Potem Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Thompson Formation

text:
The Thompson Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Jurassic California


title: Sylvan Esso

text:
Sylvan Esso is an American electronic pop duo from Durham, North Carolina which was formed in 2013. The band consists of singer Amelia Meath (born July 2, 1988) and producer Nick Sanborn (born March 8, 1983). They made their debut with the single "Hey Mami" and released their eponymous debut album on Partisan Records on May 12, 2014. It reached No. 39 on the Billboard 200. They released their second album, What Now, with Loma Vista Recordings on April 28, 2017, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album.

On August 12, 2022, Sylvan Esso released their fourth studio album, No Rules Sandy, to positive reviews on their Psychic Hotline label.

History

2012–2013: Formation
Lead singer Amelia Meath, who was at the time involved with her trio, Mountain Man, created the vocals to the song called "Play It Right". She later met electronic music producer Nick Sanborn (who played bass in band Megafaun) in Milwaukee at the Cactus Club, at the time performing solo as Made of Oak, and asked him to make a rendering of her single, Play It Right, in his own way. From 2012 to 2013 the band slowly formed. Meath had returned from a year-and-a-half tour with Feist and was looking for an affordable place to live, thus landing in Durham with Sanborn and began making their album, with all of their songs being recorded in Sanborn's apartment bedroom. The band derived the first part of its name, "sylvan", from a character in an early iOS game titled "Sword and Sworcery".

2014–2015: Sylvan Esso

Sylvan Esso is the group's eponymous debut studio album, released  via Partisan Records. The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard 200 and No. 7 on the Independent Albums chart, The single "Hey Mami" was named Paste Magazine's No. 1 song of 2014. They made their network television debut on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on July 9, 2014, performing the single "Coffee". It received considerable airplay in the US, increasing the profile of the band nationally. In August 2015, the band released the single "H.S.K.T.", which included a remix by Hercules and Love Affair.

In April 2015, Sylvan Esso played both weekends of Coachella. The band performed other dates at The Firefly Music Festival 2015, in Dover, Delaware, The Eaux Claires Music & Arts Festival in Eau Claire, Wisconsin on July 18, and on July 25 at the Wayhome Festival in Oro-Medonte, Ontario.
Sylvan Esso played on Friday, July 31, 2015 at Lollapalooza in Chicago.
The group also performed both weekends of the 2015 Austin City Limits Music Festival in Austin, Texas.

In August 2015, the band also released "Jaime's Song" which was specially recorded for NPR's Radiolab, as a tribute to a story about bipolar disorder.

2016–2018: What Now, Echo Mountain Sessions

In September 2016 the band released the single "Radio" back to back with "Kick Jump Twist". A video for the latter appeared in January 2017. In late February the group released the single “Die Young” along with a music video and an announcement regarding their new album, titled What Now.

In early March 2017, the duo performed at South by Southwest, for NPR Music's showcase. Later that March, the band performed on NPR's World Cafe to perform songs from their upcoming album.

On April 28, 2017, the band released their second studio album What Now on Loma Vista Recordings. The album received mostly positive reviews. In May 2017, they performed at the Boston Calling Music Festival. The duo began their What Now US 2017 Tour on May 13, 2017. The tour ended in November 2017.

On November 28, 2017, the album received a Grammy nomination in the category "Best Dance/Electronic Album."

They performed at Eaux Claires in Eau Claire on June 17, 2017, the Melt! Festival in Ferropolis, Germany, and the Citadel Festival in London in July 2017. They also performed at the Latitude Festival in Suffolk, England in July 2017. In October 2018, they performed at the Austin City Limits Music Festival in Austin, Texas.

Premiered by NPR, Sylvan Esso released Echo Mountain Sessions in July, 2018. The band covered five songs from What Now with additional instrumentation by Matt Douglas, Ryan Gustafson, Molly Sarlé, Alexandra Sauser-Monnig, Jenn Wasner, and Joe Westerlund.

2018–2021: WITH, Free Love, Shaking Out the Numb podcast, and more

In November 2019, Sylvan Esso launched their limited-run WITH tour in Los Angeles, New York, Nashville, and Durham.  In the expanded band, Meath and Sanborn were joined by Meg Duffy, Molly Sarlé, Daughter of Swords, Jenn Wasner, Dev Gupta, Adam Schatz, Matt McCaughan, and Joe Westerlund. A live concert documentary of the Durham show was released on YouTube on April 23, 2020, followed by the surprise release of the full-length live album, also titled WITH. The band performed “Rewind” on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in May 2020.

On July 17, 2020 the band teased an upcoming project, and on July 21, 2020, the band announced their third album titled Free Love with the first single “Ferris Wheel.” They also released a version of the video with ASL interpreter Amber Galloway Gallego, and a version made in Animal Crossing. Meath performed the track live from the back of a moving  pick-up truck for Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.

Free Love’s next single, “Rooftop Dancing,” was released on August 11, 2020 alongside a music video directed by New York photographer and filmmaker Cheryl Dunn. “Frequency,” the album’s third pre-release single was released on September 10, 2020 and featured a music video directed by Moses Sumney. The album’s final pre-release single and accompanying video was released September 22, 2020.

In explaining Free Love, Sanborn said, “Free Love is the first realization of a thing we've been shooting at for a long time, which is for Sylvan Esso to not feel like two people. [We wanted] it to feel like it was one expression. All of the walls that used to exist between us and divide our roles just slowly came down through the maturity of communication. It's something that you can't have with somebody that you haven't worked with for this long.”

The Thursday before the album was released, the band hosted a multimedia art project on their website called Opening Night. The project included a video[3] with a 20 minute improvised modular set by Nick (sampling from the album), interviews with music video directors, various art pieces by Nathaniel Russell, an improvised dance by Emma Portner to "Numb", a song dedicated to the band by Jeff Tweedy and a DJ set by Merrill Garbus of Tune-Yards.

Free Love was released September 25, 2020 via Loma Vista Recordings to positive reviews. Entertainment Weekly described the album as “... somehow prescient and nostalgic in the same breath. It traffics in intimacy and self-preservation in the face of opening oneself up to love.” UPROXX said the songs on Free Love were “more intimate and cohesive than ever before.” The Line of Best Fit described the album as “ten irregular yet exquisite pearls of synth-pop” and gave the album a 9 out of 10, while Bob Boilen of NPR Music included it on his list of 10 favorite albums of 2020.

On November 21, 2020, the duo performed “Rooftop Dancing,” “Ferris Wheel,” and “Ring”from a rooftop in downtown Durham for CBS This Morning.

A few days later on November 23, Sylvan Esso released their Shaking Out the Numb podcast, a six-episode series centered on the making of Free Love and beyond, made with Rumble Strip producer Erica Heilman. The episode focusing on “Make It Easy” premiered via NPR’s All Songs Considered.

Following their three night concert stream series FROM THE SATELLITE, on December 2, 2020 Sylvan Esso surprise-released the WITH LOVE EP featuring a 10-piece “dream team” band featuring most of the players from WITH.

2022–present: No Rules Sandy

On May 19, 2022, the band released the single "Sunburn" on streaming services, with album artwork including "Sylvan Esso IIII". On June 23 the band released the single "Your Reality" and in an interview with Stereogum Sanborn described the first three Sylvan Esso albums as "a completed trilogy, [with] “Your Reality” as a first glimpse at a new chapter for the band."

On July 24, 2022, the band released "Your Reality" and announced that their fourth studio, titled No Rules Sandy would release three weeks from then on August 12, 2022. The album title is a reference to Nick Sanborn's nickname and the band's ethos for writing the album. The album was recorded in January 2022 at a makeshift studio in a rental house with pickups recorded at their North Carolina studio named Betty's. The album received generally positive reviews, with a score of 75 on Metacritic and Jon Pareles of The New York Times describing the album as having "spirit of try-anything, knob-twirling whimsy."

Artistry
Sanborn has cited being inspired by The Books and Boards of Canada, while Meath has said, “We always make records about how the world is dying. They're sad songs that sound really happy.”

The New York Times wrote of the duo's singular style, “Sylvan Esso evades the booming, repetitive overkill of typical electronic dance music. Instead, the tracks stay fragile and keep coming deliberately unsprung, defying mechanical regularity.”

Band members
 Amelia Meath – vocals, production, lyrics
 Nick Sanborn – instrumentals, production

Meath and Sanborn married in June 2016.

Tours
 Sylvan Esso Spring 2015 US Tour
 What Now Tour
WITH Tour
Shaking Out The Numb Tour (2021)
 No Rules Sandy Tour (2023)

Discography

Albums

Studio albums

Live albums

EPs

Singles

As featured artist

Remixes
 Slow Motion - "Phox (Sylvan Esso Remix)"
Grouplove - "I'm With You (Sylvan Esso Remix)" (2014)
 Die Young - Audion (2017)
Tune-Yards - "Heart Attack (SYLVAN_ESSO_REMIX_DOTFLAC)" (2018)

References

External links

 Sylvan Esso on Partisan Records label

Indie rock musical groups from North Carolina
American electronic music duos
Musical groups established in 2013
Partisan Records artists
American supergroups
Trekky Records artists
Female-fronted musical groups
Male–female musical duos
2013 establishments in North Carolina
Dine Alone Records artists
Loma Vista Recordings artists


title: 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards

text:
The 66th Annual Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony was held on August 16, 2014, at the Nokia Theatre in Downtown Los Angeles. The ceremony is in conjunction with the annual Primetime Emmy Awards and is presented in recognition of technical and other similar achievements in American television programming, including guest acting roles.

The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences announced that it will implement online voting for its members to select the nominees. Winners for this year were voted on via paper ballots; online voting to determine the winners will not be used until 2015.

The nominees were announced on July 10, 2014. The Governor's Award and juried award winners in Animation and Costumes for a Variety Series were announced on July 31, 2014. Six Interactive Media juried awards were announced on August 13, 2014.

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold:

Governor's Award
 Marion Dougherty (posthumous)

Programs

Acting

Animation

Art Direction

Casting

Choreography

Cinematography

Commercial

Costumes

Directing

Hairstyling

Hosting

Interactive Media

Lighting Design / Direction

Main Title Design

Make-up

Music

Picture Editing

Sound

Special Visual Effects

Stunt Coordination

Technical Direction

Writing

References

External links
 Academy of Television Arts and Sciences website

066 Creative Arts
2014 in American television
2014 in Los Angeles
2014 television awards
2014 awards in the United States
May 2014 events in the United States


title: Claremont Shale

text:
The Claremont Shale is a Miocene epoch geologic formation in the Berkeley Hills of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, California.

It is found within the Claremont Canyon area of the Berkeley Hills in Alameda County and Contra Costa County.

The Claremont Shale formation preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

See also

 Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve
 Claremont, Oakland/Berkeley, California
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Contra Costa County
Berkeley Hills
Geologic formations of California
Shale formations of the United States
Miocene California
Geology of Alameda County, California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Miocene Series of North America


title: Strand of Oaks

text:
Strand of Oaks is the rock project by songwriter and producer Timothy Showalter. Originally from Indiana, he currently resides in Austin, Texas. His music has been classified as rock and folk, as well as folk rock.

Showalter has released seven studio albums—Leave Ruin (2009), Pope Killdragon (2010), Dark Shores (2012), Heal (2014), Hard Love (2017), Eraserland (2019) and In Heaven (2021).

Early life
Showalter was born in Goshen, Indiana. In middle school, he took an interest in organized sports and wanted to become a basketball player. Showalter's athletic career ended early because he developed juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; he took an interest in music and began to pursue a career in teaching instead. After high school, Showalter moved from Indiana to Pennsylvania.

Career
While Showalter was on tour, his wife had an affair. He moved back to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 2003. Months later, he came home to find his house burned down. Showalter spent his nights in hotels and on park benches with a borrowed guitar while working at an orthodox Jewish day school. During this time, he continued writing music that would later be released.

Leave Ruin (2009)
Showalter's first album Leave Ruin was released in 2009 on the Pennsylvania label La Société Expéditionnaire while touring and collaborating with Lou Rogai (Lewis & Clarke).

Pope Killdragon (2010)
Pope Killdragon is a self-released album by Showalter. The album was produced by audio engineer, Ben Vehorn. While holding onto Strand of Oak's folky sound, Vehorn added in synthesizers and effects pedals to create an album with a sound that was unexplored territory for Showalter. In between tours, Showalter wrote music for what would become Dark Shores. He recorded this album with John Vanderslice who produced the songs.

Pope Killdragon marked a turn in lyrical and musical style for Strand of Oaks. Its music featured strong Synth-pop influences, with Showalter explicitly citing Kate Bush and Tangerine Dream as influences on the sound of the album. Lyrically, the album marked a turn to surrealism and fantasy with fewer autobiographical elements than Leave Ruin.

Despite receiving largely positive reviews, including an 8.1 from Pitchfork, and a B on Consequence of Sound, the album sold poorly and received little attention before the release of Heal.

Dark Shores (2012)
Dark Shores is the second album self-released by Showalter. Stylistically the album represents a turn to a more straightforward rock style; it is the first Strand of Oaks album recorded entirely with a full band. Showalter cited Neil Young as an influence on the style of the album. Lyrically, the album continues themes from Pope Killdragon, with some songs on Dark Shores being direct sequels to songs on Killdragon.

Heal (2014)
Once Showalter returned from tour, he got to work recording about 30 demos in three weeks. He wrote and recorded songs in his home studio which led to the album, Heal. This was the first album Showalter released on Dead Oceans.

On Christmas Day in 2013, Showalter and Sue were driving back to Philadelphia from Indiana when they hit a patch of ice and crashed into two semi-trucks. Showalter suffered a concussion and broke every rib on his right side. The near-death experience gave Showalter a boldness during mixing sessions while creating Heal with John Congleton, just days after the crash.

Heal received much acclaim, being named one of the best albums released in 2014. Showalter has toured extensively in support of the album and opened for Jason Isbell, Iron and Wine, and Ryan Adams. Strand of Oaks made their television debut in 2014 appearing on Late Night with Seth Meyers.

Hard Love (2017)
On December 1, 2016, Timothy Showalter announced the fifth album from Strand of Oaks called Hard Love, which was released on February 17, 2017. He also released the first single off the album called "Radio Kids". Strand of Oaks appeared on Last Call with Carson Daly, live at the Troubadour in L.A., first broadcast May 17, 2017.

Hard Love received mixed to positive reviews from critics after its release. Metacritic assigned it a weighted average of 65, indicating "generally favorable reviews." In Pitchfork, Stephen M. Deusner wrote that the album "never really adds up to a particularly clear or bold statement," ultimately assigning it a score of 6.5 out of 10. In a more positive review for The Line of Best Fit, Erik Thompson gave Hard Love a 9 out of 10 and praised its optimistic tone.

On January 19, 2018, Showalter released a follow-up to Hard Love, Harder Love, through Dead Oceans. The project was announced in December 2017, and includes demos, B-sides, and alternative renditions of songs from Hard Love.

Eraserland (2019)
On March 22, 2019, Strand of Oaks released their sixth album, Eraserland via Dead Oceans. The lead single off the album, “Weird Ways,” was released January 15, 2019.

On February 19, 2019, Strand of Oaks released a second single from the album. Called "Ruby", Showalter called it the "happiest song I've ever written."

To promote the release of Eraserland, Showalter (with Jason Isbell, Amanda Shires, My Morning Jacket members Bo Koster and Tom Blankenship, and Will Johnson) appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and performed "Ruby".

In Heaven (2021)
On October 1, 2021, Strand of Oaks released their eighth album In Heaven. It was preceded by the single "Galacticana". The record includes contributions from the Smashing Pumpkins' James Iha on the song "Easter".

Discography

Albums
Leave Ruin (2009)
Pope Killdragon (2010)
Dark Shores (2012)
Heal (2014)
Hard Love (2017)
Eraserland (2019)
In Heaven (2021)

EPs
Darker Shores (2013)

Compilations
Harder Love (2018)

Singles

See also

 Pat Finnerty

References

1982 births
Living people
People from Goshen, Indiana
American folk rock musicians
American rock singers
21st-century American musicians
21st-century American singers
Dead Oceans artists
Thirty Tigers artists


title: Moraga Formation

text:
The Moraga Formation, also known as the Moraga Volcanics, is geological formation that dates back to the Pliocene epoch. It is located in Berkeley Hills, East Bay Region, San Francisco Bay Area, California.

The basaltic lava flow formation is found within Alameda County and Contra Costa County. It can be seen in the Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve and Caldecott Tunnel area of the Berkeley Hills.  It is named for an exposed occurrence in the Moraga Valley.

It overlies the Orinda Formation, and underlies the Siesta Formation of Great Valley Group.

Fossils
It preserves freshwater fossils dating back to the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene period.

See also

 Mulholland Formation — occurs to the south, in the Berkeley and San Leandro Hills.

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

External links
East Bay Regional Parks.org: official  Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve website
EBparks.org: Volcanism at Sibley Volcanic Preserve

Berkeley Hills
Pliocene California
Geologic formations of California
Geology of Alameda County, California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Volcanism of California
Pliocene Series of North America
Pliocene volcanism
Basalt formations
Tuff formations
Andesite formations
Rhyolite formations


title: Mt. Eden Formation

text:
The Mt. Eden Formation is a geologic formation in Riverside County, California. It underlies the San Timoteo Formation, and preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

Discovery and nomenclature
This geologic formation was initially described in 1921 by paleontologist Childs Frick, who considered the San Timoteo Badlands to be split into three lithologic parts:  (1) the Potrero Creek deposits, (2) the San Timoteo Formation, and (3) the Eden beds.  The word "Eden" was taken from a large hill of schist located just west of the San Jacinto quadrangle.  By 1931, the term "Mt. Eden formation" became prevalent while the term "Eden beds" fell into disuse, and the Potrero Creek deposits ceased to be considered a separate entity.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Bibliography

 USGS map
 USGS description of map

Neogene California


title: Mulholland Formation

text:
The Mulholland Formation is a Pliocene epoch geologic formation in the Berkeley Hills and San Leandro Hills of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, California.  It is found within Alameda County and Contra Costa County.

Geology
It overlies the Bald Peak Basalt formation, and underlies the Pleistocene epoch Leona Rhyolite formation. It is composed of siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerates. It has fluviatile and lacustrine deposits.

Descending under the Bald Peak Basalt formation are the Pliocene epoch units of the Siesta Formation, Moraga Formation, and Orinda Formation. Below the Orinda are the local Miocene epoch units of the Monterey Formation Group: Tice Shale, Oursan Sandstone, Claremont Shale, and Sobrante Sandstone.

Fossils
The Mulholland Formation preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

Other local formations
Units of other local formations in the Berkeley and San Leandro Hills, in descending geologic column order from higher/younger to lower/older, include:
Local Late/Upper Cretaceous−Pliocene units of the Chico Formation:
 Redwood Canyon Formation — sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.
 Shephard Creek Formation — shale and sandstone.
 Oakland Conglomerate — conglomerate, exposed on Skyline Boulevard.
 Joaquin Miller Formation — sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.
 Knoxville Conglomerate

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Berkeley Hills
Pliocene California
Geology of Alameda County, California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Pliocene Series of North America
Geologic formations of California


title: Neroly Formation

text:
The Neroly Formation is a geologic formation in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in California.

Areas it is found include western Contra Costa County.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Geologic formations of California


title: Niguel Formation

text:
The Niguel Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Oclese Sand Formation

text:
The Oclese Sand Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Orinda Formation

text:
The Orinda Formation is a Miocene epoch geologic formation in the Berkeley Hills of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, California.

It is found within Alameda County and Contra Costa County.

Geology
The Orinda Formation is a coarse alluvial conglomerates sedimentary formation. It underlies the volcanic Moraga Formation.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

Geologic Hazards
The Orinda Formation is prone to landsliding due to intrinsic properties such as its weak cohesive strength and low friction angle. Landslides less than or equal to 10 acres in size occur as slides, slumps, and earthflows on dip or parallel to dip slopes. In the formation, landslides greater than or equal to 10 acres in size are common to very common and occur as slumps and slides on anti-dip slopes.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Berkeley Hills
Pliocene California
Geologic formations of California
Geology of Alameda County, California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Pliocene Series of North America


title: Oro Loma Formation

text:
The Oro Loma Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Paso Robles Formation

text:
The Paso Robles Formation is a geologic formation in California, United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Peace Valley Beds Formation

text:
The Peace Valley Beds Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Petaluma Formation

text:
The Petaluma Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Pinole Tuff Formation

text:
The Pinole Tuff Formation is a geologic formation of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in California.

It is found near Pinole and Rodeo area at San Pablo Bay and the Briones Hills of western Contra Costa County.

Fossils
It preserves fossils, including Oncorhynchus rastrosus and fragments of a proto-hipparion prehistoric horse, dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Geologic formations of California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Tuff formations
Neogene California
Pinole, California


title: Pismo Formation

text:
The Pismo Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Plush Ranch Formation

text:
The Plush Ranch Formation is a geologic formation in the Transverse Ranges of southern California. The formation preserves fossils dating back to the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Arikareean in the NALMA classification).

Description
The formation is the oldest non-marine unit of the Tejon region where the small Plush Ranch Basin is formed by the bounding Big Pine/Lockwood Valley and San Andreas Faults. The unit is composed of alluvial and lacustrine conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, shales, limestones, and evaporites. Interbedded basalt has been dated by whole-rock and plagioclase K-Ar methods as ca. 26–23 Ma. Northwest of Plush Ranch Basin, on the opposite side of Mount Pinos (which includes exposures of Pelona Schist), Oligocene–Miocene strata are generally mapped as Simmler Formation, but are considered equivalent to the Plush Ranch Formation. These strata coarsen upward, from mostly sandstone at the base to coarse conglomerate at the top.

The lacustrine deposits represent the central and eastern parts of the Plush Ranch basin, which received little coarse siliciclastic sediment. Chironomid flies, disarticulated fish, and coprolites indicate a more or less permanent lake.

Atop the Plush Ranch Formation, separated by an angular unconformity, there is the non-marine Caliente Formation, comprising fluvial and lacustrine conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone, with minor tuffaceous and limestone beds.

Fossil content
The following fossils have been reported from the formation:
Insects
 Blattodea
 Stylotermitidae
 Parastylotermes frazieri

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California
 Diligencia Formation
 Tick Canyon Formation

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of California
Miocene Series of North America
Miocene California
Oligocene Series of North America
Paleogene California
Chattian Stage
Aquitanian (stage)
Arikareean
Sandstone formations of the United States
Shale formations of the United States
Siltstone formations
Oligocene volcanism
Alluvial deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Paleontology in California


title: Puente Formation

text:
The Puente Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle to upper Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Puente Shale

text:
The Puente Shale is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Epichorista elephantina

text:
Epichorista elephantina is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Zealand.

The wingspan is 23–27 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous with a cloudy central streak, more yellowish ochreous from the base to beyond the middle and containing several small dots of black scales. There is an ill-defined longitudinal blackish line in the disc, as well as some fine scattered black dots towards the hindmargin. The hindwings are dark grey in females and whitish in males.

References

Moths described in 1885
Epichorista
Moths of New Zealand
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Endemic moths of New Zealand


title: Punchbowl Formation

text:
The Punchbowl Formation is a sedimentary sandstone geologic formation in the northern San Gabriel Mountains, above the Antelope Valley in Los Angeles County, southern California.

Geology
The sandstone beds of the formation are exposed in the walls of the Devil's Punchbowl, a scenic gorge within the Devil's Punchbowl Natural Area, an L.A. County park within the Angeles National Forest. Three separate faults have folded and uplifted the formation in view. The Devil's Punchbowl is a large plunging sandstone syncline, where the edges of the formation have been folded upward, and the center has dipped.  It was formed by the Punchbowl Fault, which is near the San Andreas Fault to the north.

The Punchbowl Formation crops out in the Punchbowl Block and comprises approximately  of fluvial and alluvial conglomerates, sandstones, and minor mudstones, which accumulated during the middle-late Miocene. A distinct basal member is middle Miocene in age. The underlying Paradise Springs and Vasquez Formations were formerly interpreted as either part of the basal Punchbowl Formation, or deposits in a fault-bounded sliver along the Punchbowl Fault that originated in a separate basin.

The Devil's Punchbowl drainage flows into Sandrock Creek, a tributary of Big Rock Creek, which disappears into the Mojave Desert.

Fossil content
The uplifted formation preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period of the Cenozoic geologic era, formed during the lower Pliocene to upper Miocene Ages (~5-10 million years ago).

Mammals

Artiodactyls

 Aepycamelus alexandrae
 Bouromeryx americanus
 Brachycrus cf. buwaldi
 Dyseohyus fricki
 Pseudoparablastomeryx cf. scotti
 Brachycrus sp.
 Plioceros sp.
 Antilocapridae indet.
 Blastomerycinae indet.
 Camelidae indet.
 ?Merycoidodontidae indet.
 Tayassuidae indet.

Perissodactyls

 Archaeohippus mourningi
 Parapliohippus cf. carrizoensis
 Pliohippus cf. tehonensis
 Scaphohippus intermontanus
 S. sumani
 Cormohipparion sp.
 ?Archaeohippus sp.
 Equini indet.
 Hipparionini indet.
 Rhinocerotidae indet.

Carnivora

 Borophagus cf. secundus
 Leptarctus ancipidens
 Plionictis sp.

Rodents
 Petauristodon sp.
 Sciuridae indet.

Reptiles

Turtles
 Gopherus depressus

Gallery

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California

 Paleontology in California
 Diligencia Formation
 Mint Canyon Formation
 Plush Ranch Formation

References

Bibliography

External links

 Los Angeles County: Devil's Punchbowl Natural Area website
 Devil's Punchbowl photos gallery — geology + flora

Geologic formations of California
Miocene Series of North America
Miocene California
Langhian
Serravallian
Tortonian
Clarendonian
Hemphillian
Conglomerate formations
Sandstone formations of the United States
Alluvial deposits
Fluvial deposits
Paleontology in California
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
San Gabriel Mountains
Angeles National Forest


title: Purisima Formation

text:
The Purisima Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating from the Late Miocene to Late Pliocene.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

External links

Geologic formations of the United States
Sandstone formations of the United States
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of the United States
Neogene California
Paleontology in California
Siltstone formations
Conglomerate formations
Phosphorite formations


title: Cajon Valley Beds

text:
The Cajon Valley Beds is a sedimentary geologic formation in the El Cajon Valley of southwestern San Diego County, California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period of the Cenozoic Era.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of San Diego County, California
El Cajon, California
Geologic formations of California


title: Briones Sandstone

text:
The Briones Formation is a Late/Upper Miocene epoch geologic formation of the East Bay region in the San Francisco Bay Area,  California.

It is found  in western Contra Costa County.

Geology
The formation preserves fossils dating back to the Late/Upper Miocene epoch of the Neogene period. Common fossils in the area include Spisula, Calyptraeidae, Clinocardium, and S. falcata.  The presence of shell beds and mollusk fossils suggests the area was once under a shallow bay, with relatively uniform levels of salinity and sand porosity.  The shell beds form a conglomerate in a calcerous sandstone matrix; today, this conglomerate is a major component of notable geological features in the Bay Area, including Mission Peak.

The base of the formation includes sandstone and siltstone in distinct, parallel layers.  The sandstone is unique in its relative coarseness and light coloration. Some areas also include a pebble conglomerate.

The Tularcitos syncline is a significant geological feature in the southern part of the formation. The high level of deformation, compared to the northern area, suggests that there was significant metamorphic activity, enabling the formation of laumontite.

The vegetation present in the area is primarily annual grasses and forbs. The soil, which is primarily composed of sand, is considered "excessively drained" because of its high permeability and high levels of runoff. Today, the land is used primarily for grazing.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Miocene California
Geology of Contra Costa County, California
Geologic formations of California
Messinian
Tortonian
Miocene Series of North America


title: Branch Canyon Formation

text:
The Branch Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Bopesta Formation

text:
The Bopesta Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Bedrock Spring Formation

text:
The Bedrock Spring Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Avawatz Formation

text:
The Avawatz Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Altamira Shale

text:
The Altamira Shale is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Kern River Beds

text:
The Kern River Beds Formation is a Neogene Period geologic formation in the southeastern San Joaquin Valley, within Kern County, California.

Geography
The Kern River Beds Formation crops out in a roughly crescent-shaped belt, about  wide at its widest, from Caliente Creek on the south to the Terra Bella vicinity on the north, a length of around . It ranges from  in thickness.  Where it does not outcrop, it is overlaid by Pleistocene Period alluvium.

Geology
The Kern River Series is composed of non-marine gravels, sands, and clays unconformably overlying the marine Miocene Period rocks in the Kern River area of the San Joaquin Valley. The Kern River Series is divided into an upper unit, the Kern River Beds Formation, and a lower unit named the Chanac Formation, with the wedge of the Etchegoin Formation in the middle in the central and western sections.

The Kern River Beds consists mostly of pale-yellow to light-brown sandstone and conglomerate, with interbeds of greenish-gray or greenish-brown siltstone and mudstone.

Oil sands
The Kern River Oil Field wells are located on a section of the formation north of the Kern River Bluffs and Bakersfield. The producing interval in the Kern River Formation of the Kern River oil field has been divided into two zones separated by water-bearing sand lentils. The lower producing zone is called the China Grade Zone, and the upper is the Kern River Zone.

Fossils
The Kern River Beds Formation preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene Period of the Cenozoic Era.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Dibblee, T. W., Jr., Bruer, W. G., Hackel, Otto, and Warne, A. H., 1965, Geologic Map of the southeastern San Joaquin Valley, in Hackel, Otto, Chairman, Geology of southeastern San Joaquin Valley, California, Kern River to Grapevine Canyon: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section, April 3, 1965, Guidebook, scale about 1:48,000.
Klausing, R. L., and Lohman, K, E., 1964, Upper Pliocene marine strata on the east side of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-D, p. D14-D17.

Neogene California
Geology of Kern County, California
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Geography of Bakersfield, California
Kern River
Pliocene geology


title: Kuigõ tsässon

text:
Kuigõ tsässon is a small Seto chapel (Seto: tsässon) in Kuigõ village, Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia. Tsässon is situated about a hundred metres west from Meremäe-Kuigõ road, near the farm of Leo Tamm.

General information
Kuigo tsässon is a Whitsunday tsässon. Whitsunday is a movable feast. Tsässon is still used and in good condition. It was inaugurated during Whitsunday of 2008.

Building data
Kuigo tsässon is built from rough hewn pine beams from the outside as well as on the inside. The building has an open shelter, the sides of which have an 80 cm high barrier. It is made from upright unedged boards and fitted by a few centimetre gaps. Fence boards are attached to long protruding wall beams. The outer measurements for the beam part of tsässon without corner cross-beams are 350 x 486 centimetres, of which the entrance-room makes up 136 cm. The entrance-room does not have a ceiling. The gables are made from boards with the edges placed on top of each other, stretching up to collar beams. Kuigo tsässon stands on granite stones. The height of the building up to the roof ridge is 350 cm. The roof has a double shingle cover and there is a simple saw timber cross on the ridge. Another wooden cross is attached to the beams above the door. There is a door made from wide boards in the front wall that opens on the inside and a window in the northern side wall with four squares (h 50 x w 40 cm).

Furnishing
Tsässon is furnished traditionally: there is an icon table in the rear wall covered by a white towel. Most of the icons are attached on the rear wall and there is a carved icon case (kibot) with a glass door on the icon table. Icon depicting Mother of God is fixed on the wall and covered by a knitted woollen red-patterned icon scarf (pühaserätt). Other icons are covered by two icon scarves painted on dark fabric and one newer knitted icon scarf. There are embroidered and crocheted tea towels and a few icons on the side walls. There is a smallish metal oil lamp hanging in front of the right-hand angled icon and a candle-holder made from a gnarled tree-trunk. An analogion (analoi) stands in the middle of the tsässon, a table in one wall and a long bench in the other wall. Floor is covered by rag carpets. The ceiling of the tsässon is made from unedged boards that are fitted with the edges placed on top of each other. The floor is made from wide planks. There is no extra finishing on the floors-ceilings and inner walls.

References

Chapels in Estonia
Setomaa Parish
Buildings and structures in Võru County
Churches completed in 2007
21st-century establishments in Estonia


title: Deguynos Formation

text:
The Deguynos Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Hungry Valley Formation

text:
The Hungry Valley Formation is a geologic formation in the San Emigdio Mountains — near Gorman in northeastern Los Angeles County, California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Neogene California
San Emigdio Mountains


title: Horned Toad Formation

text:
The Horned Toad Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Hector Formation

text:
The Hector Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Green Valley Formation

text:
The Green Valley Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Freeman Silt

text:
The Freeman Silt is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Geologic formations of California
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Etchegoin Formation

text:
The Etchegoin Formation is a Pliocene epoch geologic formation in the lower half of the San Joaquin Valley in central California.

Geology
The shallow-water marine sandstone formation is found across the central and southern San Joaquin Valley, and with the overlying Pliocene nonmarine sand San Joaquin Formation, is associated with the numerous oil fields there. The White Wolf Fault forms its southern boundary. It overlies the Antelope Shale unit of the Monterey Formation in its central and western sections.

In its southeastern section it is part of the Kern River Series, which is divided into an upper unit named the Kern River Beds Formation, a lower unit named the Chanac Formation, with the wedge of the Etchegoin Formation in the middle.

Fossils
It preserves numerous fossils dating back to the  Neogene Period of the Cenozoic Era, including mollusks.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Bartow, J.A., 1991, The Cenozoic evolution of the San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1501, 40 p.
Goudkoff, P.P., 1943, Correlation of oil field formations on west side of San Joaquin Valley, in Jenkins, O.P., ed., Geologic formations and economic development of the oil and gas fields of California: San Francisco, Calif., State of California, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mines Bulletin No. 118, p. 247-252.

Neogene California
Geology of Fresno County, California
Geology of Kern County, California
Geography of Kings County, California
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Pliocene geology
Oil fields in Kern County, California
Geologic formations of California


title: Drakes Bay Formation

text:
The Drakes Bay Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Dove Spring Formation

text:
The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a geologic formation in the western Mojave Desert of California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

Fossil content

Mammals

Bats

Carnivorans

Eulipotyphlans

Lagomorphs

Proboscideans

Rodents

Ungulates

Reptiles

Birds

Squamates

Testudines

Amphibians

Fish

Plants

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Disaster Peak Formation

text:
The Disaster Peak Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Diablo Formation, California

text:
The Diablo Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Geologic formations of California
Neogene California


title: Crowder Formation

text:
The Crowder Formation is a geologic formation in the Central and Western Mojave Desert, in northern Los Angeles County and eastern San Bernardino County, in Southern California.

Areas where it is exposed include at the bases of the northern San Gabriel Mountains and northwestern San Bernardino Mountains, and in the Cajon Pass between them.

Geology
The Crowder Formation was formed during the Pliocene epoch of the Neogene period. The formation was deposited by drainages carrying distinctive volcanic and metamorphic clasts from the Victorville area southward.

It overlies the crystalline San Gabriel Basement Complex in its eastern section, and the San Francisquito Formation in its western section in the Antelope Valley/San Gabriels.

Fossils
The formation preserves fossils of insects, reptiles, rodents, birds, and larger mammals. The species date back to the Miocene and Pliocene epochs of the Neogene period. 29 taxa were collected by the
San Bernardino County Museum from the Cajon Pass area of the Crowder Formation.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

"The Physical and Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Miocene Crowder Formation, Cajon Pass, Southern California"; by Douglas Scott Winston, University of Southern California; Los Angeles, 1985.

Miocene California
Pliocene California
Miocene geology
Pliocene geology
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Geology of San Bernardino County, California
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Antelope Valley
San Bernardino Mountains
San Gabriel Mountains
Miocene Series of North America
Pliocene Series of North America
Geologic formations of California


title: Coso Formation

text:
The Coso Formation is a geologic formation in the Coso Range of the Mojave Desert, in Inyo County, California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period. It yields fossil remains of many species of mammals, including of Equus simplicidens, the Hagerman Horse.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of Inyo County, California
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Geologic formations of California


title: Copper Canyon Formation

text:
The Copper Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Chanac Formation

text:
The Chanac Formation is a Cenozoic Era sandstone geologic formation in the southeastern San Joaquin Valley, within Kern County, California.

Geology
The Kern River Series is divided into the lower Chanac Formation unit, and the upper Kern River Beds Formation unit, with the wedge of the Etchegoin Formation in the middle in the western section. It is composed of sandstone and cobble conglomerate. It overlies the Miocene period Santa Margarita Formation.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

Fossil content

Mammals

Carnivorans

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of Kern County, California
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley


title: Capistrano Formation

text:
The Capistrano Formation is a geologic formation in coastal southern Orange County, California. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Miocene to early Pliocene, with the Oso Member representing a near-shore environment.  Fifty-nine species and varieties of foraminifera are recognized from the Capistrano Formation alongside a diverse array of marine mammals including up to five species of walrus.

Geography
The Capistrano Formation, named for the town of San Juan Capistrano, is located in southern California, specifically the northern extent of the Peninsular Ranges, which stretch from the Los Angeles Basin to Baja California.  It crops out along the coast from  Dana Point to San Clemente, and inland for seven miles.

Geology and Stratigraphy
The Capistrano Formation is a heterogenous marine formation that can be differentiated into two distinct but adjacent units. One of these units is the Oso Member, which is composed of arkosic sandstone and preserves a nearshore environment. This unit shows outcrops across Orange County, which are recognizable as medium to coarse grained, white to tan rock. The second member primarily consists of siltstone, preserves an environment that would have been located further out at sea in deeper waters and has not yet been named. At the southwestern border of the Oso Member the two units connect.

Depending on the locality, the Oso Member of the Capistrano Formation either conformably overlies the Puente Formation (specifically Soquel Member), while in other areas it unconformably overlies the Monterey Formation and is succeeded by the Niguel Formation. The Oso Member has been dated to the early late Hemphillian (6.6 to 5.8 Ma) based on the presence of Dinohippus  interpolatus and absence of older or younger taxa, but the formation as a whole extends into the Pliocene, rendering the Oso Member coeval with only the lower strata of the unnamed siltstone member. Foraminifers and microfossils have also previously been used to date the formation, which indicate an early Pliocene age (5.6 to 4.9 Ma) for its upper boundary.

Paleoenvironment
The two units of the Capistrano Formation preserve environments of difference distance from the shore. The Oso Member preserves a near-shore environment, thought to be submarine delta deposits situated in a shallow embayment of the Pacific Ocean. The presence of marlin fossils could indicate that parts of the formation deposited at bathyal depths, between 200 and 2.000 meters deep, and Fierstine argues that the preservation of the material suggests that it was not subject to extensive postmortem transportation. He also argues that the presence of this fish suggests warm water temperatures during the Miocene, with Marlins typically preferring average surface temperatures of 24 °C. Barboza and colleagues meanwhile argue that this alone is not sufficient evidence for depth, citing the preservation of marlin fossils in much shallower waters including one specimen found in deposits of the supralittoral zone. The proximity to the shore is apparent due to the presence of terrestrial fauna.

Paleofauna

Chondrichthyes

Osteichthyes

Reptilia

Aves

Mammalia

Afrotheria

Artiodactyla

Carnivora

Lagomorpha

Perissodactyla

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of Orange County, California


title: Caliente Formation

text:
The Caliente Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Modelo Formation

text:
The Modelo Formation is a Miocene geologic formation  in the Simi Hills and western Santa Susana Mountains of southern California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Late Miocene of the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Miocene geology
Neogene California
Shale formations of the United States
Geologic formations of California
Paleontology in California
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Geology of Ventura County, California
Simi Hills
Santa Susana Mountains


title: Mint Canyon Formation

text:
The Mint Canyon Formation (Tm) is a Miocene geologic formation in the Sierra Pelona Mountains of Los Angeles County, southern California. The formation preserves fossils dating back to the Middle to Late Miocene (Barstovian and Clarendonian in NALMA classification).

Geology
Mint Canyon is a fluvial landform in the Sierra Pelona range. It consists of terrestrial deposits from streams and lakes consisting mostly of sandstone and conglomerate with some claystone.

The formation correlates with the Caliente Formation in the Plush Ranch Basin to the northwest and the lower Punchbowl Formation in the Punchbowl Block to the southeast. The Mint Canyon Formation consists primarily of fluvial, alluvial, and lacustrine conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones. The Mint Canyon Formation is overlain by the dominantly marine Castaic Formation, which consists of shale, sandstone, and minor conglomerate. In the Texas Canyon sub-basin, the formation is overlain by the Saugus Formation. The contact between the Mint Canyon and Castaic Formations is an angular unconformity in some places, and it is apparently conformable and gradational in others.

Fossil content
The formation preserves vertebrate fossils dating back to the Middle Miocene subperiod of the Neogene period:

Mammals

Artiodactyls

 ?Merycodus sp.
 Camelidae indet.
 Tayassuidae indet.

Perissodactyls

 Hipparion cf. forcei
 Hipparion sp.
 ?Nannippus sp.
 Equini indet.
 Hipparionini indet.
 Rhinocerotidae indet.

Rodents
 Pronotolagus apachensis

Proboscideans
 Gomphotherium sp.

Carnivora
 Canidae indet.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California
 Diligencia Formation
 Plush Ranch Formation

References

Bibliography

Further reading
 Geology of the Mint Canyon Area by William T. Holser, 1946

Geologic formations of California
Miocene Series of North America
Miocene California
Langhian
Serravallian
Tortonian
Barstovian
Clarendonian
Conglomerate formations
Mudstone formations
Sandstone formations of the United States
Alluvial deposits
Fluvial deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Paleontology in California
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Sierra Pelona Ridge


title: Mehrten Formation

text:
The Mehrten Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Geology of Sacramento County, California


title: Livermore Gravels Formation

text:
The Livermore Gravels Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Lake Mathews Formation

text:
The Lake Mathews Formation is a geologic formation in Riverside County, California.

It is located in the Lake Mathews reservoir area, in the Temescal Mountains.

The sedimentary formation preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Geology of Riverside County, California
Neogene California
Temescal Mountains


title: Ladera Sandstone

text:
The Ladera Sandstone is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Pump track

text:
A pump track is a circuit of rollers, banked turns and features designed to be ridden completely by riders "pumping"—generating momentum by up and down body movements, instead of pedaling or pushing. It was originally designed for the mountain bike and BMX scene, and now, due to concrete constructions, is also used by skateboard, and accessible to wheelchairs. Pump tracks are relatively simple to use and cheap to construct, and cater to a wide variety of rider skill levels.

History
Skateparks experienced a huge boom in the late 1990s and early 2000s. However, most of them were designed to be used by experienced or professional riders, and thus resulted in many injuries. Many communities looked for a better, more accessible solution. The first new era pump track in the United States was built in 2004 at The Fix Bike Shop in Boulder, Colorado, by professional downhill bicyclist Steve Wentz.

Track design
Most pump tracks link a series of rollers to steeply bermed corners that bring the riders back around. They used to be built mostly out of dirt; recently companies have started to use concrete or asphalt. Paved pump tracks also have the advantage that they can be ridden by skateboarders, in-line skaters, and foot-powered scooters. The size can vary from 50 m to over 8000 m.

Bikes

Since momentum, or speed, is gained by the rider pumping, such as on the down-slope of each roller, the best bikes to use have no suspension, which would absorb useful energy. Bikes usually have a rigid frame, such as BMX-style bikes, which most efficiently convert the rider's motions into forward thrust. Some bikes have been designed which are custom built for a pump track, with features such as an offset crank, which stabilizes the pedals, and lowers the rider's center of gravity.

World Championship
In 2018, Velosolutions teamed up with Red Bull and organized the pump track world championship. The world's best 67 riders from BMX and MTB raced at the world final in Arkansas. David Graf and Christa von Niederhäusern, both from Switzerland, were crowned the first ever Red Bull Pump Track World Champions. The series continued in 2019, with over 25 stops all around the world.
At the same time as the 2009 UCI World Mountain Bike Championships in Canberra, Australia an unsanctioned Pump Track World Championships was held, possibly the first ever.

See also
 BMX
 Dirt jumping
 Glossary of cycling

External links

Notes and references

Cycling infrastructure
Cycle sport
BMX


title: Kramer Beds Formation

text:
The Kramer Beds Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: New Zealand cricket team in Pakistan in 1976–77

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured Pakistan in October to November 1976 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistan national cricket team. Pakistan won the Test series 2–0. New Zealand were captained by Glenn Turner and Pakistan by Mushtaq Mohammad.

Tour matches summary
First tour match

Second tour match

First Test

Only ODI

Third tour match

Second Test

Third Test

References

External links
 New Zealand in Pakistan, 1976-77 at Cricinfo
 New Zealand to Pakistan and India 1976-77 at Test Cricket Tours

1976 in New Zealand cricket
1976 in Pakistani cricket
1976
International cricket competitions from 1975–76 to 1980
Pakistani cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Temblor Formation

text:
The Temblor Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene of the Neogene period. It is notable for the famous Sharktooth Hill deposit (otherwise known as Ernst Quarry).

Fossils

Vertebrates

Cartilagenous fishes

Sharks

 Carcharias
 Cephaloscyllium
 Cetorhinus
 †Carcharocles megalodon
 †Galeocerdo aduncus
 †Hemipristis serra
 Heterodontus
 Hexanchus
 †Isurus desori
 †Isurus hastalis
 †Isurus planus
 Megachasma
 Notorhynchus
 †Parotodus benedenii
 Scyliorhinus
 Squalus
 Squatina

Rays and skates
 Dasyatis
 Myliobatis

Reptiles

 Pacifichelys
 †Chelonia californiensis
 †Syllomus aegyptiacus

Birds
 †Diomedea californica
 †D. milleri
 †Fulmarus miocaenus
 †Hadrogyps aigialerus
 †Megalodytes morejohni
 †Morus vagabundus
 †Osteodontornis orri
 †Pandion homalopteron
 †Presbychen abavus
 †Puffinus inceptor
 †P. milleri
 †P. priscus

Mammals
 †Allodesmus kernensis
 †Bouromeryx americanus
 †Hypohippus
 †Miotapirus
 †Paleoparadoxia tabatai
 †Paratomarctus temerarius
 †Pelagiarctos thomasi
 †Aulophyseter morricei
 †Oedolithax mira
 †Loxolithax sinuosa
 †Parietobalaena securis

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

External links

Geologic formations of California
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America
Shale formations of the United States
Miocene California
Paleogene California
Geology of Kern County, California
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Paleontology in California
Temblor Range


title: Jewett Sand Formation

text:
The Jewett Sand Formation is a geologic formation in California, USA. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene Epoch of the Neogene period.

Vertebrates

Cartilaginous fishes

Sharks

†Alopias exigua
†Alopias latidens
Alopias vulpinus†Carcharocles angustidens '''†Carcharodon hastalisCarcharhinus sp.Cephaloscyllium sp.Cetorhinus sp.Echinorhinus blakei†Galeocerdo medius†Galeorhinus latusHeterodontus sp.
Hexanchus sp.
†Megachasma applegatei
†Megalolamna paradoxodon
†Negaprion elongata'''Odontaspis ferox†Parotodus benediniSphyrna sp.†Squalus serriculusSquatina lerichi

Rays and skates†Zapteryx californicus
Myliobatis californicus'''

Bony Fishes

Bothidae indet.
Embiotocidae indet.
Gadidae indet.
Pleuronectidae indet.
Sciaenidae indet.
Scorpaenidae indet.

Reptiles
Chelonia indet.
Crocodylia indet.
†Psephophorus calvertensis

Birds
†Plotopterum joaquinensis

Mammals

†Allodesmus kernensis
†Allodelphis pratti
†Anchitherium sp.
†Argyrocetus joaquinensis
†Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis†Desmathyus
†Enaliarctidae indet.
†Enaliarctos mealsi
†Macrodelphinus kelloggi
†Miodelphis californicusOtariidae indet.
Phocidae indet.
Pinnipedia indet.
†Pinnarctidion bishopi†Squalodontidae indet.

Invertebrates
BivalvesAequipecten andersoni Arca montareyannaChione temblorensisClementia pertenuisCrassostrea titanCrenomytilus mathewsoniCytheria matthewsoniDosinia conradiDosinia whitneyiGlycymeris septentrionalisHomomya sp.Mactromeris albariaMytilus sp.Nodipecten estrellanusPecten bowersiPecten magnoliaPecten nevadaensisPecten perriniPecten sespeensisPectunculus branneriPhacoides actulineatusPinna alamedaensisPycnodonte eldridgeiSolen sp.Tellina ocoyanaTellina sp.Trachycardium vaquerosensisGastropodsAgasoma gravidumAgasoma kerrianumConus oweniCrepidula princepsEpitonium rugiferumNatica lewisiNeverita callosaPurpura limaScaphopodsDentalium sp.''

References

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

Geologic formations of California
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Rio Dell Formation

text:
The Rio Dell Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Vaquero Formation

text:
The Vaquero Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

External links

Neogene California


title: Microdecemplex

text:
Microdecemplex rolfei is the only known species of the extinct, small-bodied millipede order Microdecemplicida, a member of the extinct subclass Arthropleuridea. Fossils, measuring less than 5 mm in length, are known from the Panther Mountain Formation of New York State, dating to the Middle Devonian. This species apparently lacks antennae and shows sexual dimorphism in its hind legs, which may be similar in function to the telopods of male living pill-millipedes that are used to grasp females during mating.

References

Devonian myriapods
Prehistoric myriapod genera
Millipede genera
Devonian arthropods of North America
Fossil taxa described in 2000


title: Valmonte Diatomite

text:
The Valmonte Diatomite is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Tulare Formation

text:
The Tulare Formation () is a  Pliocene to Holocene epoch geologic formation in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley of central California.

Geology
It overlies the San Joaquin Formation, and can be up to  thick.

Its sediments consist mainly of unconsolidated deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel.

Fossils
Many freshwater fossils are preserved in the formation, dating back to the Neogene and Quaternary Periods of the Cenozoic Era. They include the largest fossil assemblage of clams and snails known on the Pacific Coast.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Pleistocene California
Quaternary California
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Geology of Fresno County, California
Geology of Kern County, California
Geology of Tulare County, California
Geography of Kings County, California
Holocene geology
Pleistocene geology
Pliocene geology
Geologic formations of California


title: Towsley Formation

text:
The Towsley Formation is a geologic formation in the Santa Susana Mountains, in Los Angeles County, California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References
 Elsmere Canyon.com: Towsley Canyon Geology

Neogene California
Santa Susana Mountains
Geology of Los Angeles County, California


title: Topanga Canyon Formation

text:
The Topanga Canyon Formation () is a Miocene epoch geologic formation in the Santa Monica Mountains, Simi Hills, Santa Ana Mountains and San Joaquin Hills, in Los Angeles County, Ventura County, and Orange County, southern California. It is primarily composed of hard sandstone with some inter-bedded siltstone.

Fossils

It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period, during the Cenozoic Era.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Miocene California
Geology of Los Angeles County, California
Geology of Ventura County, California
Miocene geology
Santa Monica Mountains
Simi Hills
Topanga, California
Geologic formations of California


title: St. George Formation

text:
The St. George Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Skooner Gulch Formation

text:
The Skooner Gulch Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Siesta Formation

text:
The Siesta Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California

References

Neogene California


title: Epichorista zatrophana

text:
Epichorista zatrophana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Zealand.

The wingspan is 11–12 mm. The forewings are bright ochreous, spotted with whitish. The markings are deep reddish ochreous, somewhat mixed with blackish. The hindwings are dark fuscous.

References

Moths described in 1883
Epichorista
Moths of New Zealand


title: Santa Margarita Formation

text:
The Santa Margarita Formation is a Neogene Period  geologic formation in the San Joaquin Valley of central California.

It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in California
 Paleontology in California
 Fossils of Los Angeles

References

External links

Geologic formations of California
Miocene California
Phosphorite formations
Geography of the San Joaquin Valley
Geology of Kern County, California