title: Patrick O'Collun

text:
Patrick O'Collun , also known as Patrick Cullen or Patrick Collen, (died 1594) was an Irish soldier and fencing master who was  executed at Tyburn in 1594 for treason, in that he had conspired to murder Queen Elizabeth I.

Background

Little is known of his early life, other than the fact that he was Irish and a Roman Catholic. He first appeared in London in the late 1580s, as a fencing teacher in the entourage of Sir Florence MacCarthy, chief of the MacCarthy clan, (the  MacCarthy Mór), whose own loyalty to the Crown was deeply suspect, and who was later accused by his enemies of being a party to O'Collun's plot.

Conspiracy

About 1590, O'Collun went to the Spanish Netherlands, where he entered the service of the renegade English Roman Catholic soldier Sir William Stanley: Stanley and his associate, the Jesuit William Holt, instigated numerous plots to assassinate Elizabeth. According to the indictment at O'Collun's trial, the prime mover in the plot was Stanley's lieutenant Jacques de Francesci (also called Jacques Fraunces or "Captain Jacques"), a rather shadowy individual who was regarded by the English Crown throughout the 1590s as one of the Queen's most determined enemies. It was Francesci who obtained money to bribe O'Collun to kill Elizabeth and promised him a pension from the King of Spain as a reward for the assassination.

O'Collun later claimed that he had qualms of conscience about the plot, which led him to ask Fr. Holt whether the assassination was morally justified; according to his account Holt told him that it was an act of tyrannicide, and gave him absolution in advance for the sin of murder. This claim may well be true: Holt sincerely believed that Elizabeth deserved to die, as did "Captain Jacques", who is known to have said that "no action could be more glorious" (although Jacques himself had once worked as a spy for Elizabeth). Other would-be assassins, like Edmund York, said that Holt had given them absolution for the same act. Holt's plotting attracted so much notoriety that he was eventually ordered by his superiors to show more discretion, though they did not suggest that he should cease his activities.

Arrest and confession
O'Collun, with his accomplices John Annias and William Polwhele (who were both soldiers in  Stanley's regiment), returned to England in November 1593, where his behaviour soon attracted suspicion- in particular, he was found to possess a copy of the Jesuit pamphlet Philopater, which justified tyrannicide. He, Annias, and Polwhele were arrested and interrogated. O'Collun and Annias  confessed "after a fashion", which presumably meant under torture: Polwhele turned informer.

Apart from the probability that it was obtained under torture, there is some doubt about the reliability of O'Collun's confession, since the Crown's interrogators, as was usual in treason cases, put pressure on the suspect to confess to what they wished to hear. It seems that at first O'Collun and Annias would confess only to a  plot to kill "The Spaniard". This was undoubtedly  Antonio Pérez, former Secretary of State to the King of Spain. Pérez, imprisoned in Spain for treason against his former master, had escaped and fled to England, where he became the target of assassination plots financed by the Spanish authorities: he was, therefore, a plausible target for O'Collun. The Crown put intense pressure on O'Collun to admit that his real target was the Queen, and he eventually confessed to this, thus allowing the Crown to bring a charge of regicide, rather than attempted murder.

Whether the Queen or Pérez was the real target of the plot is now impossible to determine. O'Collun's claim that he received absolution from Holt for killing a heretical tyrant would seem to point to the Queen as the intended victim since it is less likely that Holt would have absolved him for the murder of Pérez, who could not reasonably be described as either a tyrant or a heretic.

The Crown's motive in extracting a confession of regicide from O'Collun is not entirely clear: possibly they were hoping to bolster their parallel case against Dr Rodrigo Lopez, Court physician to Elizabeth and an accomplished double agent, who was tried and convicted on an almost identical charge the day before O'Collun's trial.

Trial and execution

He was tried before a commission of oyer and terminer at Westminster on 1 March 1594; despite his alleged confession, he pleaded not guilty. The principal witness against him was his accomplice William Polwhele, who testified that Stanley and Jacques Fraunces had hired O'Collun, Annias and himself to kill the  Queen. O'Collun was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged at Tyburn. He was executed, with Annias, the following July, by which time he was so ill with gaol fever that it was said to be hardly worth the trouble of hanging him at all. By coincidence Pérez, who he admitted to having planned to kill, passed by just as O'Collun's head was being put on a spike.

Richard Williams and Edmund York, arrested at the same time on suspicion of a separate plot to kill Elizabeth, were executed the following year. The allegation made by other Irishmen, John Danyell and Hugh Cahill (also of the Stanley regiment), from 1592 of a plot to blow up the Tower of London was brought to light, as if the plot were freshly hatched, although neither man was held in custody. So in a brief period around 1594, there was an unusual concentration of investigations into continental conspiracies to this end - a "panic over Irishmen in London" - and the suggestion is that Lord Burghley and the Earl of Essex manipulated their information and intelligence to convince the Queen of an immediate and credible threat to her life, as they vied for her favour.

Aftermath

Elizabeth was sufficiently concerned by the plot, however ineffective it had been, to write to the Spanish authorities in Brussels protesting at their willingness to let the Spanish Netherlands become a safe haven for English conspirators, and demanding, without success, the extradition of Holt and other conspirators.

Doctor Lopez

See main article: Rodrigo Lopez

The Crown explicitly linked "the O'Collun plot" with "the Lopez plot": the arrests, interrogations, trials and executions closely coincided in time, and there was some common evidence at the trials. There is however no evidence of a link between the two men, although Lopez probably knew, at least in general terms, of a plot to kill Antonio Pérez. Unlike O'Collun, he denied to the very end that he had planned to kill the Queen. While there is little doubt that O'Collun was a paid assassin, some historians believe that Lopez's guilt or innocence is now impossible to determine.

References

1594 deaths
People executed for treason
People of Elizabethan Ireland
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Irish people


title: 2 South African Infantry Battalion

text:
2 South African Infantry Battalion is a motorised infantry unit of the South African Army.

History

Origin: Walvis Bay and South West Africa

2 SAI was established on 1 January 1962, at Walvis Bay an enclave of South Africa surrounded by South-West Africa (Namibia). The first officer to command the battalion was Major G.N. Mcloughlin and the first RSM was WO1 J.A.J. Steenkamp. Initially the base consisted of tents, but was later replaced by prefabricated buildings. Basic training took place in the desert and running up Dune 7 became part of that regime.

Units Colours
The unit was awarded its colours by the local municipality in 1969, and adopted the town's motto and flamingo emblem as a consequence.

Freedom of Walvis Bay
On 30 August 1974, the freedom of Walvis Bay was granted to 2 SAI.

Mechanised Battlegroup

While at Walvis Bay, 2 SAI was organised as a battlegroup when on 1 October 1973, an armoured car subunit, D Squadron, from 1 Special Service Battalion's became a part of 2 SSB and subsequently 2 SAI.  An artillery battery, 43 Field Battery, was also added.

This accounts for the unit insignia including at the top the number "2" in infantry colours, with the St Barbara's lightning flash representing the artillery in the middle and armour's old heraldic colours at the bottom.

These elements and the Transport Park and quartermaster were based at Rooikop, a distance inland because of the rust at the coast.

Training the fledgling SWATF
Since 1981, national servicemen of the SWA Territorial Force were also trained by the battalion.

Operations
2 SAI first saw deployment to the South-West Africa/Angola border in 1968.

2 SAI took part in Operation Savannah during 1975, when South African troops covertly involved themselves in the Angolan Civil War.

Disbandment
The unit disbanded at the end of 1989 when Namibia gained independence.

Reactivation in South Africa

Pomfret, South Africa
On 1 July 1993, the unit was reformed at Pomfret from old members of 32 Battalion, it then resorted under Northern Cape Command.

Zeerust, South Africa
By 1998, the unit was transferred to North West Command and then based in Zeerust.

2 SAI today: SANDF Motorised Infantry
On its reactivation back in South Africa, 2 SAI was transformed into a motorised infantry unit using mostly Samil trucks, Mamba APC's or other un-protected motor vehicles. Samil 20, 50 and 100 trucks transport soldiers, towing guns, and carrying equipment and supplies. Samil trucks are all-wheel drive, in order to have vehicles that function reliably in extremes of weather and terrain. Motorised Infantry have an advantage in mobility allowing them to move to critical sectors of the battlefield faster, allowing better response to enemy movements, as well as the ability to outmanoeuvre the enemy.

Leadership

Leadership

Insignia

Previous Dress Insignia

As a national servicemen at 2 SAI in 1975, I can categorically state that the beret badges for 1975 were small brass Springboks, without a bar underneath. The instructors still wore the large brass Springbok on their berets.

Current Dress Insignia

References

Infantry battalions of South Africa
Infantry regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations of South Africa in the Border War
Military units and formations established in 1962


title: Karl Reilin

text:
Karl Henrik Lorentz Reilin (16 March 1874 – 18 January 1962) was a Finnish sports shooter, who competed at the 1908 and the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He placed fifth at 300 metre rifle, 3 positions team event at the 1914 ISSF World Shooting Championships.

He and Maria Luoma were the parents of Sirkka Elisabeth (1932–), who married Jaakko Tähtinen.

Sources

References

External links

1874 births
1962 deaths
People from Ulvila
People from Turku and Pori Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Finnish male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Finland
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Satakunta


title: Nova.rs

text:
Nova.rs is a Serbian cable television channel.

Schedule

Nationally created programs

TV series
Mala istorija Srbije
Odeljenje

Documentary TV Series
SFRJ za početnike

News
Novi dnevnik

Internationally created programs

TV series
Crash (Sudar)
Labyrinth (Lavirint)
Muhteşem Yüzyıl (Sulejman Veličanstveni)
The Company (Kompanija)
The Kennedys (Kenedijevi)
The Pillars of the Earth (Stubovi zemlje)

Animated series
Professor Balthazar (Baltazar)

Documentary TV Series
Central Park: The Heart of New York (Central park, srce Njujorka)
Extreme! - Light and Dark (Ekstremno! Svetlost i tama)
Genghis Khan - Rider of the Apocalypse (Džingis Kan - Jahač apokalipse)
Hawaii - Inside Paradise (Havaji - Rajsko ostrvo)
Let it Snow! (Neka pada sneg!)
Lightning Reloaded (Munje)
Little Monsters: Hide and Cheat (Sakrij se i varaj)
Lost and Found (Izgubljen i nađen)
Sea of Creepy Monsters (More jezivih životinja)
Spirit of Ski (Duh skijanja)
The Vampire Princess (Vampirska princeza)
Zambezi (Zambezi)

References

External links

Television stations in Serbia
Television channels and stations established in 2013


title: Black Assize of Exeter 1586

text:
The Black Assizes is an epithet given to several outbreaks of "gaol fever" which struck various prisons and court-houses in England in the late 16th century and which caused the deaths of not only many prisoners awaiting trial but also the magistrates in the court buildings holding assizes.

Causes
The basic cause was fever spreading from insanitary jails via prisoners into dirty and overcrowded courtrooms.

Notable outbreaks
The most notable Black Assizes were:

1577: Black Assize of Oxford in Summer 1577. Among the dead victims were: Chief Baron Bell, Serjeant Barham, the Clerk of Assize, the Lord Lieutenant, the High Sheriff of Oxfordshire, the Coroner and almost 400 others. The names of the dead were recorded and survive as "The note of such as ar ded of this infection in Oxenford" in Bodleian manuscript Tanner 79 folio 182.
1598 Black Assizes of Northern Circuit. Among the dead were Baron Flowerdew, Justice Beaumont and "Serjeant Drewe", namely Edward Drew (c.1542–1598), MP, of Killerton, Broadclyst and The Grange, Broadhembury, Devon, a Serjeant-at-Law to Queen Elizabeth I.
1586 Black Assizes at Exeter Castle, end of March 1586

Exeter Black Assize 1586
The Black Assizes at Exeter Castle were the Lent Assizes held from 14 March 1586 by Sir Edmund Anderson (1530–1605), Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, who survived the disease. Exeter Prison was situated underneath the royal  Exeter Castle and the courtrooms were within the castle buildings. The cause according to modern medical  opinion was typhus transmitted by the human body-louse. Among the dead victims were 8 judges, 11 of the 12 jurors, several constables,  and the surrounding population which was ravaged by the disease for several months. Amongst the dead were the following, many being prominent members of the Devonshire gentry:

Edward Flowerdew (died 1586), Serjeant-at-Law and Baron of the Exchequer
Sir Arthur Basset (1541–1586),  JP, of Umberleigh. Buried at Atherington 2 April 1586.
Sir John Chichester (died 31 March 1586) of Raleigh, JP. He was Sheriff of Devon in 1585.
Robert III Cary (died 1 April 1586), JP, MP, lord of the manor of Clovelly, whose monument survives in Clovelly Church.
Thomas Carew, JP(died 28 March 1586, aged 68), of Haccombe.
Sir Bernard Drake, JP, (died 10 April 1586) of Ash, Musbury.
John Fortescue, JP
John Waldron, JP; given by Wyote (see below) as Mr Welrond. The only Devonshire gentry family listed in the Heraldic Visitation of Devon similar to this name is Walrond of Bradfield,   Uffculme, Devon. Humphry II Walrond of Bradfield and his second son Thomas Walrond were both buried on 7 April 1586 at Uffculme. Humphry II Walrond had legal connections, having married the daughter of Sir Thomas Willoughby, a Justice of the Common Pleas.
Thomas Risdon, JP (died 2 April 1586) of Bableigh, Parkham, twice reader of Inner Temple.

Descriptions
An historical account written by Alexander Jenkins (1841) stated "A noisome and pestilential smell came from the prisoners who were araigned at the crown bar which so affected the people present that many were seized with a violent sickness which proved mortal to the greatest part of them".

Contemporary accounts

By John Hooker
The best contemporary account of the outbreak is by John Hooker (c.1527–1601),  published in Holinshead's Chronicle  (1587). He suggests three possible causes:
Firstly due to the "close aire and filthie stinke" of Exeter Prison, which infected the prisoners.
Secondly that the disease originated from 38 Portuguese fishermen returning fully loaded with fish from Newfoundland whose vessel was captured by Sir Bernard Drake (c.1537–1586)  and landed at Dartmouth in Devon and transferred to the "dark pit and stinking dungeon" of Exeter Prison. The Portuguese had been forced to wait in the jail for a long period until the time of the assize for their judgement, at which time those who were still alive were so weak and thin that they had to be carried into the courtroom. The Chief Justice was shocked at their terrible condition, which was then attributed to lack of proper feeding,  and made orders for future improvements, but it was too late as the disease had by then spread to the courtroom, to the judges and local people in attendance, and infected the population of the Westcountry for many months after.

By Adam Wyote
Adam Wyote (or Wyatt) was town clerk of Barnstaple in North Devon and kept a personal journal from 1586 to 1611. The first entry records the Black Assize of Exeter, and lists the names of eight of the gentry of Devon who died from "gaoll sickness" as follows: "to wit one of the Justices of Assize, Mr Flowerdewe, Sir Barnard Drak, Mr Welrond, Mr Cary of Clovelly, Mr Cary (sic, should be "Carew") of Hackome, Mr Fortescue, Mr Rysdon, Justices of the Peace, Sir John Chichester".

1700s
Outbreaks of Gaol Fever were still common in the 1750s. Two judges and the Lord Mayor died from the affliction in 1750, and there was another outbreak in 1772.

Sources
Cockburn, J.S., History of English Assizes 1558–1714, Cambridge, 1972
Creighton, Charles, History of Epidemics in Britain, Part 1,  2013, pp. 383–388, Exeter Assizes  1586
Jenkins, Alexander, Civil and Ecclesiastical History of the City of Exeter and its Environs, 2nd edition, Exeter, 1841, p. 125
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895

References

Black Assizes
History of Devon
1586 in England
Tudor England
16th century in Devon


title: Ruben Alves

text:
Ruben Alves (born 9 January 1980) is a French-Portuguese actor, screenwriter, and director. He is best known for The Gilded Cage which he wrote and directed.

Biography
Alves was born the son of Portuguese guest workers in Paris. At 20, he became a full-time actor and initially played minor roles in French television productions and in some short films.

His directorial debut, apart from a short film in 2002 'À l'abri des regards indiscrets', was in 2013 with the immigrant comedy La cage dorée. The film was inspired by his parents' biography, and Alves has a small guest role in the film as 'Miguel'. The movie has been a great success in France and Portugal, and has also been followed by a number of other countries, including Australia. In Portugal, it became in 2013 the most watched film of the year, with 755 000 viewings. In Germany he came as Portugal, mon amour in the cinemas. The film had 1.2m spectators in France and sold well internationally.

Then Alves played in 2014 in Yves Saint Laurent, a biopic about the life of the fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent.

In 2017, he directed a documentary As Vozes do Fado (or "The Voices of Fado") with Christophe Fonseca, screened at the Le Lincoln Cinema, Paris. A CD "Amália: Vozes do Fado" was released later, a homage to Amália Rodrigues, a Fado singer.

In 2018, he started working on an upcoming comedy called Miss, by producer-director Hugo Gelin with co-star model Alex Wetter as a young man who sets his heart on winning the Miss France contest.

Personal life
In 2017, he currently lives in Bairro Alto, Lisbon, where he used to take holidays when living in Paris.

Filmography

Film

TV

Director

References

External links

1980 births
21st-century French male actors
21st-century French screenwriters
21st-century Portuguese male actors
Film directors from Paris
French film directors
French male film actors
French male screenwriters
French male television actors
French people of Portuguese descent
Living people
Male actors from Paris
Portuguese film directors
Portuguese male film actors
Portuguese male television actors
Portuguese screenwriters


title: Blue Beach

text:
Blue Beach is a  stretch of cliff-bordered coastline at Avonport, Nova Scotia near the mouth of the along the Avon River in the southern bight of Minas Basin, Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is best known as a globally significant fossil location for Lagerstätte of the Tournaisian Stage (Lower Carboniferous) period.

Geographic setting
Blue Beach is informally named. The name relates to the bluish-black colour of the cliffs. It stretches from a small creek to Avonport Station. The tidal range in this part of Minas Basin may be as high as .  The nearest town is Hantsport, approximately  to the south. The beach is accessible on foot from the end of the Blue Beach Road or from Avonport Station. There is a small private museum near the parking lot before the trail to the beach. It contains numerous excellent and important examples of fossils from the beach.

The tides make for dangerous conditions because visitors can find themselves trapped. Visitors should familiarize themselves with the Hantsport tide table (see external references). In addition to the tides, the cliffs are quite fragile with rocks regularly giving way. Care should be taken when approaching the cliffs due to the potential of rockfall and earth flows.

Geologic setting
The section is exposed in rocks of the Carboniferous Maritimes Basin. The Maritimes Basin opened and filled between ca. 360 Ma and 325 Ma.

The Blue Beach cliffs consist of soft shales and sandstones of the Horton Group. They erode rapidly because of the high tides in combination with winter freeze-thaw and ice shaving conditions, thus continuously creating opportunities for new discoveries. Closer to the trail and lower in the sequence is the Blue Beach Member and further along is the Hurd Creek Member.

Blue Beach is the type locality for the apparent gap in the tetrapod fossil record known as Romer's gap. Sir William Logan, the first Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, found footprints from a tetrapod in 1841. It remains one of very few such outcrops in the world; the others are in Scotland. In recent decades, numerous tetrapod fossils dating from the earliest Carboniferous have been found.

Flora
Flora include Lepidodendron, Calamites, Aneimites, Diplotnema, Carpolithus, Genselina. In addition, countless spores can be found.

Fauna
Fauna includes tetrapods, fish, arthropods (horseshoe crabs, trilobites and ostracods) and shells.  Fish material is quite common, but articulated bones are very rare.  Most common are scales, small ribs and teeth. Uncommon are larger bones including fin spines, jaws, cranial material, clavicles, limb bones and pelvic bones.

Arthropods include Paleolimulus woodae, an extinct horseshoe crab. Contrary to some erroneous reports in the popular press, it is not the world's oldest horseshoe crab (Order Xiphosurida), but is scientifically instead the oldest paleolimulid (Family Paleolimulidae). It is known from two examples found by visitors - including a Grade 4 student. The species name honors Sonja Wood who runs the Blue Beach Museum and has studied the fossils for many years along with her husband Chris Mansky. Trilobites are also rarely found. This is interesting because trilobites are marine, whereas the majority of the Blue Beach location is seen as a lacustrine deposit.  The trilobites found thus far are restricted to a  thick layer.

Fish fossils include Elonichthys, Rhadinichthys, Canobius, Letognathus, ?Ctenodus, Gyracanthides, Gyracanthus, Acanthodidae, and Bothriolepis.  Letognathus was originally assigned to Rhizodus in the mid 1800s and later to Strepsodus. This includes the species Rhizodus (now Letognathus) hardingi of Dawson, named after a Dr. Harding of Windsor, Nova Scotia. Similarly, Dawson's Acrolepis is now attributed to Elonichthys and his Palaeoniscus is attributed to Canobis.

Tetrapod fossils include acanthostegids, ichthyostegids, tulerpetontids, whatcheeriids, and embolomeres.

Trace fossils
Trace fossils are common. Examples include tetrapod footprints, fish fin trails, arthropod trackways, wave ripples, mud cracks, rain drops, and bromolites - including coprolites, fossilized dung.

The tetrapod footprints and trackways are particularly important due to their age. They are reasonably common at Blue Beach, with over 2000 specimens known. Prints of tetrapods from this era can exhibit polydactyly, or more than five digits per limb., however the specimens from Blue Beach are all pentadactyl (five digits) or are at least functionally pentadactyl. Six morphotypes have been identified so far.

Several types of arthropod trace fossils are found including trackways of Diplichnites and Diplopodichnus (possibly millipedes), Rusophycus (possibly trilobites), Paleohelcura (scorpions), and Arborichnus.

Museum
From 2000 onward, a small museum formed in a barn near Blue Beach has displayed fossils from it, as founded by Chris Mansky and Sonja Wood. The museum plans to expand to a larger facility.

References

External links
Hantsport Tide table
Blue Beach Fossil Museum

Fossil trackways
Geology of Nova Scotia
Fossil parks in Canada
Paleontology in Nova Scotia


title: 2014 Sacramento Republic FC season

text:
The 2014 Sacramento Republic FC season was the club's inaugural season of existence. The club played in USL Pro, the third tier of the American soccer pyramid. The season began March 29 and concluded on September 6. The Republic won the USL Pro Championship, defeating the Harrisburg City Islanders 2–0.

Background

On December 3, 2012, USL Pro announced that a Sacramento expansion team would join the league for the 2014 season. On July 15, 2013, Predrag "Preki" Radosavljević was announced as head coach of the new franchise. The official name of the team and team shield were decided by fan vote. On July 18, 2013, the franchise officially announced the team name Sacramento Republic FC during the first annual Sacramento Soccer Day.

While the club always had plans to build a permanent stadium for home matches, an agreement was made between the Republic and Sacramento City College which would allow the Republic to use Hughes Stadium as their home pitch until a permanent home could be established. On November 14, 2013, the club announced that they'd reached an agreement with Ovation Food Service and Cal Expo to build an 8,000 seat, soccer-specific stadium on the site of the California State Fair. Later, the club announced a naming deal with local Sacramento company Bonney Plumbing Heating and Air which would formally change the stadium's name to Bonney Field.

The 2014 USL Pro season started March 22, with the Republic playing its first match on March 29 away to LA Galaxy II, ending in a 1–1 draw. Their first home game wasn't until nearly a month later, when they took on Harrisburg City Islanders in a 2–1 loss at Hughes Stadium.

Throughout the course of the 2014 season, the Republic regularly hosted sold-out crowds. At their first home game, the Republic smashed the existing regular season single game attendance record (previously held by Orlando City FC and set on August 11, 2013, with a total of 10,697 in attendance) during their first home match with a total of 20,231 in attendance. The Republic would meet this figure, selling out the stadium, in all but one of their games at Hughes.

Club

Roster
As of August 20, 2014.

Technical staff
As of July 6, 2014.

Competitions

Preseason

USL Pro

All times from this point on Pacific Daylight Saving Time (UTC−07:00)

Results summary

Standings

USL Pro Playoffs

U.S. Open Cup

Friendlies

Statistics

Transfers

In

Out

Loan in

See also
 2014 in American soccer
 2014 USL Pro season
 Sacramento Republic FC

References

2014 USL Pro season
Sacramento Republic FC seasons
American soccer clubs 2014 season
2014 in sports in California


title: James Bennett (minister)

text:
James Bennett D.D. (22 May 1774 – 4 December 1862) was an English congregational minister and college principal.

Life
Bennett was born in London 22 May 1774, and was educated there and at Gosport, where he was prepared for the congregational ministry David Bogue. In 1797 he was ordained at Romsey, where he remained till 1813. There he became a supporter of the London Missionary Society, and supported Robert and James Haldane in some of their evangelistic tours.

In 1813, Bennett moved to Rotherham, where he was both tutor in Rotherham College and pastor of the church. In 1828 he was transferred to London, where, first in Silver Street and then in Falcon Square, he exercised his ministry till 1860, when he resigned. Among his congregation was David Livingstone, while in London as a medical student.

Bennett died in London, 4 December 1862, at the age of 88. He was noted for the defence of Christianity against the unbelievers of the day, particularly Robert Taylor, a popular lecturer; the promotion of Christian missions, as one of the secretaries of the London Missionary Society; and the advancement of the Congregational Union.

Works
Bennett's main works were:

 Memoirs of Risdon Darracott, whose granddaughter, Sarah Comley, he married in 1797.
 The History of Dissenters from A.D. 1688 to 1808, with David Bogue (2nd ed. London, 1833, 3 vols.)
 The History of Dissenters: during the last thirty years, from 1808 – 1838 (1839), sequel by Bennett alone.
 Lectures on the History of Christ, 3 vols.
 Memoirs of the Rev. Dr. Bogue.
 Lectures on the Preaching of Christ.
 Congregational lectures on The Theology of the Early Christian Church.
 Justification as revealed in Scripture.
 Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles.
 Lectures on Infidelity.

Family
James Bennett married Sarah Comley in 1803 in Romsey, Hampshire.  His children were James Risdon Bennett (1809), John (1811), Thomas (1813), Joseph (1814) and Sarah Comley (1815).

Notes

Attribution

1774 births
1862 deaths
English Congregationalist ministers
Dissenting academy tutors


title: St Luke's Church, Kinoulton

text:
St Luke's Church, Kinoulton is a Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England in Kinoulton.

History
The church dates from 1793 and was built in the Classical style for Henry Noel, 6th Earl of Gainsborough.

It replaced a church dedicated to St Wilfred which was located to the north of Kinoulton Lane. Although the building was demolished, the churchyard remains and contains a group of 34 headstones dating from the 1700s.

It is in a joint parish with two other churches of the same dedication:
St Luke's Church, Broughton Sulney
St Luke's Church, Hickling

Organ
The church has a one manual pipe organ fitted with an automatic barrel mechanism. It was installed in the church in 1947 by Cedric Arnold. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

See also
Grade II* listed buildings in Nottinghamshire
Listed buildings in Kinoulton

References

Kinoulton
Grade II* listed churches in Nottinghamshire
Churches completed in 1793
1793 establishments in England


title: List of storms named Ruth

text:
The name Ruth has been used for 16 tropical cyclones worldwide, 15 in the Western Pacific Ocean and 1 in the Australian region of the South Pacific Ocean. The name has also been used for 1 European windstorm.

In the Western Pacific:
 Typhoon Ruth (1945) – struck Japan
 Typhoon Ruth (1951) – Category 4 typhoon, struck Japan killing 572 people and injuring another 2,644
 Typhoon Ruth (1955) – Category 5 super typhoon, churned in the open ocean
 Tropical Depression Ruth (1959) – far northeast of the Philippines
 Typhoon Ruth (1962) – Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, remained east of Japan
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1965) – remained out at sea
 Typhoon Ruth (1967) – Category 3-equivalent typhoon, remained east of Japan
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1970) (T7026, 28W, Aning)
 Typhoon Ruth (1973) (T7318, 20W, Narsing) – Category 2-equivalent typhoon, crossed Luzon, Philippines, then hit Hainan Island, China and then Northeast Vietnam
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1977) (T7702, 3W, Kuring)– hit China
 Typhoon Ruth (1980) – crossed Hainan Island before hitting northern Vietnam
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1983) (T8321, 22W, Ading) – dissipated east of the Philippines due to strong wind shear
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1987) – caused severe damage in South China
 Typhoon Ruth (1991) (T9123, 25W, Trining) – Category 5 super typhoon, made landfall on northern Luzon with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h)
 Tropical Storm Ruth (1994) (T9426, 30W) – short-lived storm, east of Japan

In the Australian region:
Tropical Cyclone Ruth (1980) – remained east of Queensland

In Europe:
Cyclone Ruth (2014) – impacted Wales, also known as Charlie

Ruth
Ruth


title: Meri Maa (Pakistani TV series)

text:
Meri Maa (; ) is a Pakistani drama television series that aired on Geo TV from 22 August 2013 to 17 March 2015. The series was directed by Wajahat Hussain Gilani, and written by Kishor Asmal and Raheel Ahmed. It was an A&B Entertainment drama. The series is based on social, tragic and emotional issues of the typical society.

Synopsis
The drama theme revolves around the family of Mr. Sultan. The eldest son Yousaf and his wife Fatima and the younger Rehan and his wife Nimra. Mr. Sultan has deep desire for a daughter. Rehan and Nirma had two sons. Yousaf and Fatima had their second child as a daughter. It is the first girl in their family and became the center of love from every member of the family. For this Nirma got jealous that her sons are getting ignored on a girl. From here the story takes a turn of Mr. Sultan's family and the lives of the family members become shattered right after the birth of a girl.

Cast
 Anum Fayyaz as Rameen Yousaf/ Rameen Danial (Female Lead)
 Suzain Fatima as Fatima Yousaf
 Madiha Rizvi as Nimra
 Kamran Gilani as Yousuf Hashmi
 Hammad Farooqui as Danial
 Anum Aqeel as Seema
 Pari Hashmi as Sajal Adnan
 Esha Noor as Erum
 Asad Siddiqui as Shan/Shani
 Imran Ashraf as Adnan
 Taqi Ahmed as Salman
 Ayaz Samoo as Shafqat
 Faizan Khawaja as Rehan
 Binita David as Rukhsana
 Hassan Ahmed as Naveed Shah
 Anwar Iqbal as Sultan
 Esha Butt
 Rashid Farooqui

References

External links

2013 Pakistani television series debuts
A&B Entertainment
Geo TV original programming
Pakistani drama television series
Urdu-language television shows


title: Pierre Niney

text:
Pierre Niney (; born 13 March 1989) is a French actor. He made his acting debut in the two-part television miniseries La dame d'Izieu in 2007, followed by films such as LOL (Laughing Out Loud) (2008), The Army of Crime (2009), Romantics Anonymous (2010) and Just Like Brothers (2012). In 2014, Niney starred as fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent in the biopic of the same name, for which he won a César Award for Best Actor.

Early life
Niney was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France. His family is of Sephardic Jewish (Egyptian-Jewish) and Catholic background. His father, François Niney, is a film professor at Normale Sup, La Fémis and Sciences Po. His mother was born in Belgium and is an author of creative leisure manuals.

Career

In 2007, Niney studied at the French drama school Cours Florent.

Niney made his acting debut in the two-part television miniseries La dame d'Izieu in 2007, followed by films such as LOL (Laughing Out Loud), The Army of Crime, Romantics Anonymous and Comme des frères.

In October 2010, at age 21, he became the youngest member of the Comédie-Française.

In 2014, Niney starred as fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent in the biopic of the same name directed by Jalil Lespert, for which he won a César Award for Best Actor.

Personal life
Since 2008, Niney has been in a relationship with Australian actress and photographer Natasha Andrews, with whom he has two daughters, born in 2017 and 2019, respectively.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1989 births
21st-century French male actors
Cours Florent alumni
French National Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
French male film actors
French male stage actors
French male television actors
Living people
Actors from Boulogne-Billancourt
Troupe of the Comédie-Française
Best Actor César Award winners
French people of Egyptian-Jewish descent
French Sephardi Jews
21st-century Mizrahi Jews


title: Maritimes Basin

text:
The Maritimes Basin is a Mid-Devonian to Early Permian sedimentary basin that underlies parts of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. It is a composite basin, meaning that it consists of many sub-basins, such as the Windsor-Kennetcook Basin of Nova Scotia. Some of these basins host important natural resources, including coal, petroleum, and minerals such as sylvite, halite, and barite. The Maritimes Basin was deposited and tectonically-modified during the final assembly of Pangea.

List of sub-basins in Nova Scotia
The Maritimes Basin consists of eleven sub-basins in Nova Scotia:
Windsor-Kennetcook Basin
Debert-Kemptown Basin
Shubenacadie Basin
Musquodoboit Basin
Cumberland Basin
Stellarton Basin
St. Mary's Basin
Antigonish Basin
Western Cape Breton Basin
Central Cape Breton Basin
Sydney Basin

The region has a complex basin history in terms of syndepositional deformation and superimposition of numerous episodes of fault reactivation in the basin. As such, each basin has distinctive stratigraphy, especially within the lowermost Carboniferous section.

The eleven sub-basins are located in this clickable map:

References

Geology of Nova Scotia
Sedimentary basins of North America


title: Cabinet of Anfinn Kallsberg II

text:
The second cabinet of Anfinn Kallsberg was the government of the Faroe Islands from  6 June 2002 until 3 February 2004, with Anfinn Kallsberg from People's Party (Fólkaflokkurin) as Prime Minister. It was a coalition between People's Party (Fólkaflokkurin), Republic (Tjóðveldi), Centre Party (Miðflokkurin) and the Self-Government Party (Sjálvstýrisflokkurin).

References

Cabinets of the Faroe Islands
2002 in the Faroe Islands
2003 in the Faroe Islands
2004 in the Faroe Islands


title: Begolli family

text:
The Begolli family is an Albanian noble family, which rose to prominence in present-day Kosovo in the Ottoman era and were an influential feudal family in the region.

History
The Begolli were influential in Rrafshi i Dukagjinit (Metohije) area, Plav-Gusinje, and down to Shkodër. They were landowners and held private armies.

Their first known member may have been Mere Hüseyin Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.

Notable members
Qerim Begolli, delegate at Assembly of Vlora and Albanian Congress of Trieste.
Qazim Begolli, activist of kachak movement, member of Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.
Refat Begolli, politician, Albanian Minister of Economy of Ibrahim Biçakçiu's cabinet (7 September – 25 October 1944).
Faruk Begolli (1944–2007), Albanian actor and director.
Mahmut Pasha of Begolli, Ottoman-Albanian governor and military commander

See also
Vrioni family

References

Ottoman Albanian nobility
People from Peja
Albanian noble families


title: Dénes von Buday

text:
Buday Dénes (Denes von Buday) was a Hungarian composer, born in Budapest. He was a well known composer of both poems and music for films made between 1930 and 1950. Buday studied at the Academy of Music, which is today known as the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, where his teacher, Hans von Koessler, held his lectures in German.

Work

Opera
Buday's only opera, the comedy Loreley, premiered in 1919 in Vienna.

Operettas
Buday authored many operettas and musical comedies, which were shown on stage between 1916 and 1947.

Movie composer

References

Book Reference

External links
  by Gyula Juhász; the composer is singing and playing the piano
  ≈I love you Ágnes with János Sárdy
  ≈Hearth could not pour forth with Janka Sólyom

Hungarian film score composers
Male film score composers
1890 births
1963 deaths
Franz Liszt Academy of Music alumni
Composers from Budapest
Hungarian pianists
20th-century composers
Male pianists
20th-century Hungarian male musicians


title: Red Patterson

text:
John William "Red" Patterson (born May 11, 1987) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in one Major League Baseball (MLB) game for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2014 before his career was derailed by injury.

Career
Patterson attended Southwestern Oklahoma State University and was drafted by the Dodgers in the 29th round of the 2010 MLB Draft. He began his career with the Ogden Raptors in 2010, where he was 6-1 with a
3.33 ERA in 14 starts. He split 2011 between the Great Lakes Loons and the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes and was 12-5 with a 3.69 ERA in 28 starts between the two levels.

Patterson was promoted to the AA Chattanooga Lookouts in 2012, where he was moved to the bullpen and made 47 appearances, with a 7–1 record and 3.07 ERA. In 2013, with the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes, he was in 39 games (with 12 starts) and was 7–4 with a 3.03 ERA.

He was a non-roster invitee to Major League spring training in 2014. After beginning the season with the Isotopes, the Dodgers purchased his contract and called him up to make his Major League debut in the second game of a doubleheader on May 1, 2014, against the Minnesota Twins. In that game he pitched 4 2/3 innings and only allowed two hits and one run and strike out Pedro Florimon swinging for his only major league K.

Patterson spent the rest of 2014 in the minors, where he made 20 starts for the Isotopes (and 9 relief appearances). He finished with a 5–8 record and 5.79 ERA. He was designated for assignment on September 12, 2014. Patterson underwent Tommy John surgery following the season and would spend all of 2015 in rehab. He was assigned to the Double-A Tulsa Drillers of the Texas League to begin his comeback attempt in 2016. He did not pitch for the Drillers, but allowed three runs in three innings in two games for the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers and was released on May 6, 2016.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Great Lakes Loons players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mesa Solar Sox players
Ogden Raptors players
Oklahoma City Dodgers players
Baseball players from McKinney, Texas
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Southwestern Oklahoma State Bulldogs baseball players
Anchorage Bucs players


title: Mickey (Damien Hirst)

text:
Mickey is a household gloss on canvas painting by Damien Hirst executed in 2012. Hirst was invited by Disney to create an artwork inspired by Mickey Mouse and this was his response. The work was auctioned at Christie's, London, on 13 February 2014 in aid of Kids Company, a charity Hirst has long supported, fetching £902,500.

The auction lot notes quote Hirst as commenting:

References

External links

2012 paintings
English contemporary works of art
20th-century portraits
Works by Damien Hirst
Mickey Mouse in art


title: Meri Maa

text:
Meri Maa may refer to:

 Meri Maa (Indian TV series), a 2011–2012 Indian television drama series which aired on Life OK
 Meri Maa (Pakistani TV series), a 2013–2015 Pakistani television drama series that aired on Geo TV
 Ganga Meri Maa, 1983 Indian film


title: History of the Jews in Manchester

text:
By the end of 18th century, the rapidly growing town of Manchester, England, had a small Jewish community, some of whose members had set up businesses, and a place of worship. The history of Manchester's Jewish community is told at the Manchester Jewish Museum in Cheetham. The Jewish community in Manchester is the second largest in Britain ; the first being in Greater London.

First settlers
In the 1750s, Jews had no political rights in England, and in particular were not allowed to purchase property. As country members of the Great Synagogue, they traded as pedlars and hawkers. Small groups coalesced around safe Jew-friendly lodging houses where they organised temporary minyanim to observe the Shabbat. Liverpool was a focus for the first Jewish settlement in the North West of England, with communities in Cumberland Street who moved in 1775 to a room in Turton Court. Manchester was expanding rapidly, and in 1758 one family in trade became prosperous enough to acquire a private carriage. Manchester became an increasing important market, and Liverpool-based Jewish hawkers worked in Manchester in the week, returning to Liverpool to celebrate Sabbath.

The Manchester press was anti-Semitic. Jews traditionally traded in slop, jewellery and calligraphy and became pawnbrokers, quack doctors, seal cutters, engravers, watchmakers and miniature painters. The trades were profitable, but a miscreant could use the same skills for forgery, lockpicking and fencing stolen goods. In Manchester, there was a fear of travelling plagiarists who could reveal the profitable secrets of the cotton industry to foreign rivals and seduce cotton workers to take their skills abroad. Prescott's Manchester Journal of 1774 warned:

several JEWS and OTHER FOREIGNERS have for some months past frequented the town under various pretences and some of them have procured Spinning machines, looms, dressing machines,  cutting knives and other tools used in the manufactures (sic) of fustians, cotton velvets, velveteens and other Manchester goods. ... And frequent attempts have been made to entice, persuade and seduce artificers to go foreign parts out of His Majesty's dominions... (This) will be the destruction of the trade of this country, unless timely prevented.

No Jew was ever convicted. The presence of increasingly wealthy slop dealers and hawkers was noted, and in 1788 jeweller Simon Solomon and flower dealer Hamilton Levi took shops in Long Millgate and Shudehill.

Settlement
About fourteen Jewish families settled in Manchester in 1786; their first synagogue was a rented room at Ainsworth Court, Long Millgate. Lemon and Jacob Nathan, Aaron Jacob, Isaac Franks, Abraham Isaac Cohen and his son Philip and Henry Isaacs and his sons formed the nucleus of group who leased a burial ground in 1794 and by 1796 had begun worshipping in an upper chamber room on Garden Street at Withy Grove. Aaron Jacob was the reader and shochet and Jacob Nathan was the overseer. Jews settled in streets around the synagogue. The wars against the French caused difficulties for them, particularly the Aliens Act 1793 which restricted their movement. Wolf Polack, a pawnbroker of Shudehill, was deported for undisclosed breaches of the Act in 1800. Wheeler's Manchester Chronicle supported the Act and encouraged readers to inform on them. The community was generally stable.

Samuel Solomon, who bought a plot at the burial ground, marketed the miracle cure Balm of Gilead and Solomon's Drops for curing imperfections of the skin caused by an impure state of the blood. He purchased a mansion in Kensington, Liverpool, which he called Gilead House, and an estate on Mossley Hill for a family mausoleum.

Nathan Meyer Rothschild of Frankfurt was sent to Manchester by his father in August 1800. He had spent three months in London with Levi Barent Cohen to learn English commercial practice. He arrived with £20,000 and took offices in Brown Street to circumvent English agents on the continent and obtain English textiles at source at the lowest prices. He identified three profitable areas: raw materials, dyeing, and manufacturing. He traded dye and cotton for the finished product which was shipped via Hull, Leith and London to Hamburg. Blockading by the French when the war recommenced made this task increasingly difficult. Rothschild had a house in Downing Street, Ardwick, a neat suburb favoured by the merchants of the town. At least fifteen German merchants moved to Manchester between 1800 and 1806, eight of whom were Jewish, but Rothschild was the only one to take a seat at the synagogue and conform to all its rites and ceremonies. Rothschild's money was probably responsible for securing Rabbi Joseph Crool and the walling of the burial ground. In 1805, he obtained a London office and spent less time in Manchester, as the family business shifted from trading towards finance. He married Levi Barent Cohen's daughter and through her sister established links with Moses Montefiore and the Sephardi banking and finance community in Amsterdam. He moved in 1809 to a spacious town house on Mosley Street, with a large warehouse on Back Mosley Street. The property was sold in 1810, and he left Manchester in 1811.

Post Peterloo
After the Napoleonic Wars, there was rapid physical and economic expansion in Manchester. With the radical demands for political acceptance that saw the thousands on the streets at Peterloo (16 August 1819) the Jewish question was increasingly less relevant. The Jewish community supported the status quo: Jacob Nathan signed the letter pledging to support the constables in the preservation of public peace. Passionate Anglicans such as Hugh Stowell, rector of St Stephen's, Salford, promoted the Anglican Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews rather than expulsion. The Manchester Guardian, founded in 1821, was firm in its support for the rights of religious minorities. The fifteen most prominent Jewish families at the time were assimilated: it was a community of shop-owners with a small elite of merchants and manufacturers. In its number were fourteen clothes dealers, nine jewellers, five quill and pencil retailers, five merchants, three hawkers, two hatters, two furriers, two dentists, two silk manufacturers, two fent dealers, an optician, a pawnbroker, a furniture dealer and a rope maker. Trade was centred on the old town, but one family lived in Clarendon Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, in the southern suburbs, and one on Salford Crescent. Abraham Franklin had a shop in St Ann's Square, Mendelson on King Street, Behrens and Gumpel lived on Mosley Street, Aaronson's surgery was in Princess Street, and Freeman, the miniaturist, had his studio in Brazenose Street, all the best addresses. These families formed the oligarchy that ran the synagogue. Manchester had the fourth-largest Jewish community outside London.

Abraham Franklin (born 1784) took over the leadership of the Halliwell Street Synagogue. He was the son of Benjamin Wolf Franklin, whose family had come to London via Breslau from Prague. He was adopted by his aunt, the wife of a silversmith, and started his working life as a hawker of watch glasses. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker, acquired a shop in 1807, and ascended the retail ladder. He was unwaveringly orthodox and socially and culturally English. He saw no need for religious reform and opposed the disreputable new wave of immigrant Jewish hawkers who he considered, with their broken English and lack of English commercial moral values, brought disrepute on the synagogue and settled Jewish traders. He spoke out for law and order, and sent a son to Manchester Grammar School. To further the prestige and respectability of the community he sought larger accommodation, sermons in English and the formation of a choir and educational and philanthropic agencies. The 1832 cholera epidemic caused the wealthy to move from the city to outlying Broughton and Cheetham Hill, taking advantage of the new bridge over the River Irk, and along Plymouth Grove to the south. Franklin called his new home Gesunde House.

Alexander Jacob with Franklin's support formed the Manchester Hebrew Philanthropic Society in 1826, as the congregation accepted responsibility for the old and poor who, because of their dietary restrictions, could not use the workhouse provisions of the Poor law. Contribution was voluntary (a compulsory contribution would have had to be authorised by an Act of Parliament). Before the 1832 Reform Act Manchester had no Member of Parliament. The synagogue had to deal with the rootless poor that lived on the margins of society, un-anglicised pauper immigrants of the post-war years; working as pedlars when peddling had become uneconomic. The immigrants challenged the hard-won respectability that the community valued. Another social change was in tailoring. Second-hand clothes were not good enough for the middle classes and bespoke tailoring was expensive. Around 1830, retail middlemen started to deal with customers and put out the work on a low-profit-margin system to outworkers in sweatshops. One of the most prominent of the retail middlemen was Benjamin Hyam, who created modern mass market tailoring, where profit came from sales volume, not high prices. He claimed to make a complete suit within six hours for a fixed price in workshops attached to his shop. He advertised suits in the Manchester Guardian with a money-back guarantee. His workforce was probably over 100. Hyam was ultra-orthodox and his shop closed at sunset on Friday. His influence was great, so that by 1836 seven of the synagogue seat holders had followed his example and traded as tailors. The conditions they imposed on their workers provoked a series of unsuccessful strikes in 1833 and 1834. Ready-made clothing was the inevitable consequence of such a production system, and Hyam was advertising this in 1836.

Suburban plutocracy

1834–1836 were boom years for the cotton industry. The proprietors were driven by carriage from the suburbs, and the foremen and clerks came in by omnibuses on a half-hourly service along Upper Brook Street and Cheetham Hill. The town centre became a district of warehouses, while Newton, Ancoats and Little Ireland housed workers in slum accommodation. Franklin, Simmons, Hyam, the Jacob brothers and Simon Joseph were rich retailers. The three years from 1834 saw an influx of merchants who set up agencies in Manchester. By 1837 there were 101 foreign export firms, of which 75 were German. Thirteen new firms were run by practising Jews who were mainly young and brought solid capital to invest in permanent ventures. They differed from the established Jewish merchants who were throwing off their links to synagogue. Of the newcomers only one lapsed, as they saw no stigma attached to a Jewish identity. Though 1837–43 were years of recession, 28 more Jewish merchants migrated from the Netherlands and Northern Germany; and Samual Hadida from Gibraltar and Abraham Nissim Levy from Constantinople acquired a warehouse in Mosley Street. The 1841 census shows at least 76 Jews engaged in the cotton trade in Manchester.

The Behrens Warehouse was built on the corner of Portland and Oxford Streets for Louis Behrens & Sons by P. Nunn c.  1860. The Behrens family was prominent in the banking and social life of the city's German community. Louis Behrens was the first chairman of the Schiller Anstalt (1855–1911), which was later chaired by Friedrich Engels. Charles Hallé and Karl Marx were members.

Mid 19th century
1844 Schism
With the political events in Germany, liberals from both synagogues came together with resident gentile Germans to support the German nationalist rebels. They participated in the Liedertafel; the 1851 census suggested that there were 1,000 persons of German birth in Manchester, of whom 292 were Jewish. Demographically the leaders of the new synagogue were moving upwardly. David Hesse had acquired a factory.

Reform synagogue
Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy was elected minister of the United Congregation at Manchester. This was before the secession which led to the establishment of a Reform congregation in that city. Chiefly owing to Tobias Theodores (professor of Hebrew at Owens College), Schiller-Szinessy was offered and he accepted the office of minister to the newly formed congregation. The Manchester Reform Synagogue was founded in 1857 under the name "Manchester Congregation of British Jews" by a group consisting mainly of German-Jewish immigrants. It suffered wartime bomb damage in 1941, and was replaced by a new building in 1952.

1859 Loss of community Rabbi
The Aleppo Sephardic Jewish community of Manchester had contacted Rabbi Yeshaya Attia to come to be their Rabbi to be their leader but he disappeared. Years later a record was found that showed that, while he was a passenger on a sailing ship from Alexandria, Egypt to Liverpool, England, he was apparently lost in a storm at night in the Bay of Biscay June 26-27. 1859.

Gallery

See also
Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation, Crumpsall
Menorah Synagogue, Wythenshawe

References
Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

Laski, Neville J. (1956) "The history of Manchester Jewry", in: The Manchester Review; summer 1956, pp. 366–78
"The story of Manchester Jewry", published weekly in The Jewish Telegraph; 6 Jan – 16 March 1956
Williams, Bill (1985) "The anti-Semitism of tolerance: middle-class Manchester and the Jews, 1870–1900", in: Kidd, Alan J. & Roberts, K. W., eds. City, Class and Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press ; pp. 74–102
Dobkin, Monty ( ? ) Broughton and Cheetham Hill in Victorian Times Radcliffe: Neil Richardson
Dobkin, Monty ( ? ) (1986) Tales of Manchester Jewry and Manchester in the Thirties. Radcliffe: Neil Richardson
Jewish Social Services (Greater Manchester) (1995) They Came from the Haim: a history of Manchester Jewry from 1867. Manchester: Jewish Social Services (Greater Manchester)

Jewish
Manchester
Manchester


title: In Gyo-jin

text:
In Gyo-jin (; born August 29, 1980) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his supporting roles in various television dramas.

Career
In Gyo-jin was born in Jochiwon, Yeongi County, South Chungcheong Province (now Sejong City). He studied English Language and Literature at Dankook University.

In made his acting debut in 2000, first appearing in the long-running television series Lifetime in the Country. Early in his career, his then-agency proposed that he use a stage name, and he was known as Do Yi-sung () until 2011. In 2012, he reverted to using his birth name under the advice of his agency Madin Entertainment. He signed with a new agency in 2015, KeyEast which also managed his wife, actress So Yi-hyun. The couple left KeyEast in 2020 along with fellow entertainers Jung Ryeo-won and Son Dam-bi and joined H& Entertainment, which was founded by KeyEast's former general manager Hong Min-ki.

Personal life
His father, In Chi-wan, is the CEO of a plastic manufacturing company. In is the eldest of two siblings and his younger brother, In Doo-jin, is also an actor.

In married actress So Yi-hyun on October 4, 2014. In and So had been friends for a decade before dating; they were costars in Fairy and Swindler (2003), Aeja's Older Sister, Minja (2008) and Happy Ending (2012). Their first child, a daughter named In Ha-eun, was born on December 4, 2015. In Gyo-jin and his daughter were cast members of the KBS2's variety show The Return of Superman. On April 23, 2017, it was reported that In Gyo-jin and So Yi-hyun were expecting their second child. In October 2017, they welcomed their second daughter.

Filmography

Films

Television series

Television show

Theater

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Dankook University alumni
People from South Chungcheong Province
Gyodong In clan
South Korean male actors
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
21st-century South Korean male actors
South Korean television personalities


title: St Peter's Church, Hayton

text:
St Peter's Church, Hayton is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Hayton, Nottinghamshire.

History

The church dates from the 12th century, with restoration in the 19th century.

See also
Grade I listed buildings in Nottinghamshire
Listed buildings in Hayton, Nottinghamshire

References

12th-century church buildings in England
Church of England church buildings in Nottinghamshire
Grade I listed churches in Nottinghamshire


South Africa women's junior national goalball team is the women's junior national team of South Africa. It takes part in international goalball competitions.

World championships
The 2005 Junior World Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  The team was one of three teams participating, and they finished third overall.

References

National junior women's goalball teams
Goalball in South Africa
goalball
Parasports in South Africa


Great Britain women's junior national goalball team is the women's junior national team of Great Britain.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  The team takes part in international competitions.

Youth world championships

The 2005 Junior World Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  The team was one of three teams participating, and they finished second overall.

References

National junior women's goalball teams
Great Britain at the Paralympics
G
Goalball in the United Kingdom
European national goalball teams


United States women's junior national goalball team is the women's junior national team of the United States. It takes part in international goalball competitions.

World Championships
The 2005 Junior World Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  The team was one of three teams participating, and they finished first overall.

IBSA World Youth and Student Games
The 2007 IBSA (International Blind Sports Federation) World Youth and Student Games were held in the United States.  The team was one of four teams participating, with the United States finishing first, Germany second, Russia third and Canada fourth.

Competitive history
The table below contains individual game results for the team in international matches and competitions.

References

National junior women's goalball teams
United States at the Paralympics
Goalball in the United States
Goalball


title: Nina Stojanović

text:
Nina Stojanović (, ; born 30 July 1996) is a Serbian professional tennis player. On 2 March 2020, Stojanović reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 81. On 17 January 2022, she peaked at No. 37 in the WTA doubles rankings. She has won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and ten singles and 24 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

As a junior, Stojanović reached three Grand Slam semifinals in doubles, each on a different surface, the French Open and Wimbledon in 2013, and the Australian Open in 2014. As a professional, she made her debut on the WTA Tour in 2016. In 2019, Stojanović reached her first WTA semifinal in singles at the Jiangxi International Open and also won her first doubles title at the Baltic Open. That year, she also debuted in the top 100 in singles, while in doubles, she made her top-100 debut in 2017, when she reached three WTA tournament finals.

Junior career

Stojanovic is a former junior world No. 17 (achieved April 2013), she won three singles and ten doubles junior titles in total. She made her ITF Junior Circuit debut at the Grade-4 Malta U18 ITF Junior Tournament in March 2010 at the age of 13. In August 2010, she made her doubles debut at the Slovenian Junior Open. She played her last junior tournament at the European Summer Cups (girls) in August 2014.

In June 2011, she won her first ITF title at the Grade-5 Podgorica Open in singles, while in doubles she reached the final. After that, she won her first doubles title at the Grade-4 Carthago Cup. The following year she reached the final of the Grade-3 Ozerov Cup in Moscow, and won the title in doubles. In July 2012, she won Grade 1 Mediterranee Avenir in Casablanca in doubles. In November 2012, she reached quarterfinals of the Grade-1 Yucatan Cup, where she lost to Marcela Zacarías. In December 2012, she made her debut at the Orange Bowl, but lost in the first round in singles, and in the second round in doubles.

In January 2013, she won Grade-2 Slovak Junior Open, defeating Maria Marfutina in the final. There she also won the title in doubles. She followed this with the quarterfinal of the Grade-1 Czech International Junior Indoor Championships and the semifinal of the Grade-2 ITF Junior Circuit tournament in Monastir, Tunisia. She continued to progress, reaching the singles semifinals and winning the doubles title at the Grade-1 International Junior Championships, singles and doubles titles at the Grade-2 Open Ouest Provence in Istres and the singles final and doubles title at the Grade-1 Open International Junior de Beaulieu-sur-Mer. She then took part at the Trofeo Bonfiglio, where she reached the second round in singles and the first round in doubles. At the 2013 French Open, she made her Grand Slam debut, but lost in the first round to Jamie Loeb. However, in doubles, she reached semifinals alongside Alice Matteucci. Same results in both singles and doubles, she made at the 2013 Wimbledon. In August, she reached the final of the Grade-1 Canadian Open Junior Championships in doubles. At the 2013 US Open, she reached quarterfinals in doubles. In 2014, she won the Grade-1 AGL Loy Yang Traralgon Junior International and then entered the semifinals of the Australian Open, both in doubles.

Professional career

2011–15: First steps
Stojanović made her ITF Women's Circuit debut at the $10K event in Pirot in October 2011. There, as a wildcard player, she lost to Lina Gjorcheska in the first round of the main draw. During the season of 2012, she take part of the two $10K event in Serbia, Palić and Pirot, but failed in the first rounds of both competitions. In September 2013, she won her first match at the $10K event in Vrnjačka Banja and later reached quarterfinal. In December 2013, she made her ITF doubles debut at the $10K event in Sharm El Sheikh, and then in March 2014, she won her first ITF doubles in the same city. In May 2014, she won title in her first ITF singles final, defeating Katie Boulter in the final of $10K event in Sharm El Sheikh. In December 2014, she won her first $25K-level title at the Navi Mumbai in both singles and doubles. During the season of 2015, she did not produce any significant results in singles, but reached two $50K semifinal in doubles, Wuhan and Xuzhou.

2016: WTA Tour debut
In May 2016, she reached her first significant ITF final af the $50K Tianjin, but lost to Aryna Sabalenka in three sets. At the 2016 US Open, she had her first attempt to play in a Grand Slam main draw, but lost in qualifying. In October 2016, she made her WTA Tour debut at the Tianjin Open, but lost after qualifying in the first round to Magda Linette; so she did there in doubles. Nearly after that, she won her first major ITF title at the $50K Liuzhou Cup, defeating Jang Su-jeong in the final. During the season, she also had success in doubles. She first reached semifinal of the $100K Anning Open in May, and then won two $100K events, in Shenzhen and Dubai.

2017: Doubles - three WTA finals, Grand Slam and top 100 debut
In January, Stojanović recorded her first WTA Tour main-draw wins as a qualifier at the Shenzhen Open, defeating fifth seed and world No. 28 Tímea Babos in the first round and Ons Jabeur in the second round, before losing to world No. 52 and eventual champion, Kateřina Siniaková, in the quarterfinals. Later, she reached the quarterfinal of the $60K Kültürpark Cup and semifinal of the $60K Suzhou Ladies Open. She failed to reach main-draw at the all four majors, losing in qualifyings.

More success came in doubles. That year, she reached three WTA finals in doubles with three different partners, losing each time. First, she entered final of the Morocco Open in May with Maryna Zanevska, then at the Swiss Open in July with Viktorija Golubic and finally at the Tianjin Open in October with Dalila Jakupović. She also reached semifinals at the Hungarian Ladies Open, the Monterrey Open and Copa Colsanitas. At the French Open, she made her Grand Slam main-draw debut, but lost in the first round. She entered the top 100 in doubles in May, for the first time.

2018: Top 50 in doubles, struggling with form and injury

Stojanović performed better on the ITF Women's Circuit than on WTA Tour. In May, she reached quarterfinals of the $100K Khimki event, losing there to Vitalia Diatchenko. Soon after that, she won the $60K Baotou tournament, defeating Xu Shilin in the final. She did not drop a single set during the tournament. She followed this with the quarterfinal of the $60K Hódmezővásárhely Ladies Open, where she lost to Irina Khromacheva. In September, she reached another ITF quarterfinal, at the $60K Open de Valencia, where she lost to Paula Badosa. By the end of the year, she finished runner-up at two $25K events. In the late season, she got injured and was out of the tennis for some time.

In doubles, she reached the third round of the Australian Open alongside Viktorija Golubic. It was the first time that she reached third round of a major. At the Hungarian Ladies Open in February, she reached semifinals alongside Anastasiya Komardina. In July, she won the $80K Prague, partnering Cornelia Lister. In September, she won the $60K Open de Valencia alongside Irina Khromacheva. During the year, she also reached semifinals of the $60K Burnie International and $100K ITF Khimki, as well as finals of the $60K Hódmezővásárhely Open and $60K Reinert Open. In February, she debuted in the top 50 in doubles.

2019: Top 100 in singles, first WTA Tour title in doubles
After missing the first months of the season due to injury, Stojanović returned to court in April 2019 and as a qualifier reached her second career WTA Tour quarterfinal in May at the Nuremberg Cup. She defeated fourth seed, last year finalist, and world No. 53 Alison Riske, and world No. 72, Sara Sorribes Tormo, before losing to Sorana Cîrstea. In July, she won the $60K Reinert Open in Versmond. Then she reached another WTA quarterfinal as a qualifier at the Baltic Open by defeating fourth seed and world No. 42 Aliaksandra Sasnovich and fellow qualifier Paula Ormaechea before she was stopped by Bernarda Pera. She was even better in the doubles competition, winning her first WTA tournament title, partnering with Sharon Fichman. After failing to qualify for the US Open, she won the $60K Changsha Open, defeating Aleksandrina Naydenova in the final. The following week, she reached her first WTA singles semifinal at the Jiangxi Open by beating Wang Yafan, Samantha Stosur, and Kateryna Kozlova. In her semifinal match, she lost to the eventual champion, Rebecca Peterson. She continued her good performances, reaching quarterfinals of the Guangzhou Open, winning the $80K Internationaux de Poitiers tournament by defeating Liudmila Samsonova in straight sets and reaching quarterfinals of the $100K Shenzhen Open. In September, she debuted in the top 100 in singles.

2020: Grand Slam debut in singles, out of form
Starting the year inside top 100, allowed her entering the main draw of the Australian Open. However, she lost to Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the first round. In doubles, she reached the third round, alongside Darija Jurak. She then competed at the $60K Andrézieux-Bouthéon, where she reached quarterfinals in singles and semifinals in doubles. After that, she lost in the first round of all singles tournaments, including the French Open and US Open. In doubles, she reached semifinals of the $60K Cagnes-sur-Mer and $80K Macon and the second round of the French Open.

2021: Consistency, SF in Grand Slam women's doubles, Olympic mixed doubles

Stojanović won her first main draw match in singles at a Grand Slam when she defeated Irina-Camelia Begu in straight sets at the Australian Open, before losing to Serena Williams in the second round. Despite periodically having problems with injuries, she reached at least the second round in singles on eleven occasions, including third round as a qualifier at WTA 1000 Miami Open, when she had to forfeit the match to Naomi Osaka due to injury. She was even better on grass, reaching a semifinal at Nottingham, a run which included a win over grass court specialist Donna Vekić, before ultimately losing to first seed and eventual champion Johanna Konta in three sets.

In doubles, Stojanović reached her first Grand Slam semifinal at the Australian Open. She also partnered with compatriot Aleksandra Krunić to win her second career WTA doubles title at the inaugural Serbia Open, as well as to reach the quarterfinal of Wimbledon. As a result, she reentered the top 50 in doubles reaching a then career-high of world No. 42 on 19 July 2021.

At the Tokyo Olympics, she paired with world No. 1, Novak Djokovic, in the mixed doubles event, and the team reached the semifinals before losing to Elena Vesnina and Aslan Karatsev. Due to Djokovic's withdrawal from the bronze medal match, they finished the tournament on 4th place.

Stojanović finished season with a career-high top 40 ranking in doubles.

National representation
Playing for the Serbia Fed Cup team, Stojanović has a win–loss record of 9–11. She made her debut in February 2014, partnering with Jovana Jakšić in their World Group II tie against Canada, when they defeated Gabriela Dabrowski and Sharon Fichman, in straight sets.

Personal life
Stojanović has an aggressive style of play. The WTA profile says, her favourite surface is hardcourt, and her tennis idol growing up was Maria Sharapova.

Performance timelines

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.

Singles
Current through the 2022 French Open.

Doubles
Current through the 2022 French Open.

Mixed doubles

Olympic medal finals

Mixed doubles: 1 (4th place)

WTA career finals

Doubles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runner-ups)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 18 (10 titles, 8 runner-ups)

Doubles: 34 (24 titles, 10 runner-ups)

Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup participation
Current after the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup.

Singles (2–8)

Doubles (7–3)

Notes

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Tennis players from Belgrade
Serbian female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for Serbia


title: Robert H. Liebeck

text:
Robert Hauschild Liebeck is an American aerodynamicist, professor and aerospace engineer. Until retiring from his position as senior fellow at the Boeing Company. in 2020, he oversaw their Blended Wing Body ("BWB") program. He has been a member of the National Academy of Engineering since 1992, where he is an AIAA Honorary Fellow, the organization’s highest distinction. He is best known for his contributions to aircraft design and his pioneering airfoil designs known as the "Liebeck Airfoil". Since his retirement he remains active in aviation industry associations and continues to teach at UCI.

Education
Liebeck pursued studies in aerospace engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1961, a Master of Science in 1962 and a PhD in 1968. It was while pursuing his PhD that he produced the first airfoil designs that would come to be known as the "Liebeck Airfoil".

Career
Liebeck worked summers at the Douglas Aircraft Company, located in Santa Monica, California, until he joined the permanent staff in 1968. He remained with the company after its merger with McDonnell Douglas, which later merged with Boeing in 1997. He has managed several of Boeing's airplane programs through which several advanced-concept aircraft were designed. As Senior Technical Fellow of the Boeing Company, he served as program manager of the company's blended wing body program.

Designs

Liebeck airfoils
Designs made by Liebeck during research for his doctoral thesis "Optimization of Airfoils for Maximum Lift", have been applied to the design of high-altitude aircraft. This class of airfoils has been used by NASCAR in its Car of Tomorrow which debuted in 2007.

Blended wing body
Boeing has invested in a blended wing body airplane program since 1993, a program which Liebeck slayed. Run through Boeing's Phantom Works division, the program researched, designed and prototyped new aircraft designs which would reduce energy consumption and noise production. Initially funded by a grant from NASA of $90,000, the aircraft design moves away from the usual tube-and-wing design and instead has the wings blended into the body. This design was developed by Liebeck, in conjunction with other members of the research team. Liebeck's team released a remote-driven model, the X-48, in 1997, flight tested a three-engine version, the X-48B, in 2008-9 and a two-engine version, the X-48C in 2013.

Other designs
Liebeck's designs include propellers, wind turbines. wings for racing cars that have won the Indianapolis 500 and the Formula One World Championship, the wing for NASCAR's "Car of Tomorrow," the keel for the America³ yacht which won the 1992 America's Cup, and the wing for a World Championship aerobatic airplane

Teaching career

Liebeck has lectured in aerodynamics and aircraft design courses at several universities. Since 1995 he has been a Professor of the Practice of Aerodynamics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he lectures in aeronautics. Since 2000, Liebeck has also been an adjunct professor at the University of California, Irvine. He was also an adjunct professor teaching aerodynamics, flight mechanics and airplane design at the University of Southern California from 1977 to 2000.

Awards and recognition
Liebeck was presented with the Brigadier General Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager International Aeronautical Achievement Award in 2012. In 2011 Liebeck was inducted into the Hall of Fame at the College of Engineering at Illinois, an honor which "recognizes Illinois engineering alumni, and others affiliated with the college, who have made significant achievements in leadership, entrepreneurship, and innovation of great impact to society". That same year he was presented with "Engineering the Future" award from the Henry Samueli School of Engineering for his work in aeronautics and contributions to the school.

Liebeck's awards and honors include:

2010 AIAA Honorary Fellow
2010 Daniel Guggenheim Medal for "distinguished engineering as evidenced by the conception and development of Liebeck airfoils and blended wing body aircraft."
1992 Member of the National Academy of Engineering for the development of high-lift, high-performance airfoils.
Royal Aeronautical Society Fellow
ASME Spirit of St. Louis Medal
ICAS Innovation in Aerodynamics Award
AIAA Wright Brothers Lecture
AIAA Aircraft Design Award
AIAA Aerodynamics Award

Publications

References

Aircraft designers
American aerospace engineers
Living people
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
University of California, Irvine faculty
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Engineers from California
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: This Place Is Painted Red

text:
This Place Is Painted Red is the first album released by indie rock band Deas Vail. The album was self-released in 2005.

Track listing
 "A Lover's Charm"
 "Anything You Say"
 "Life as a Breath"
 "Hope in Fallen Strangers"
 "This Place Is Painted Red"
 "Chrysalis"
 "All of Me For All of You"
 "Higher in Your Ways"
 "When We're Alone"
 "Before Midnight"
 "Follow Sound"

2005 albums
Deas Vail albums


title: Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade – Women's shot put

text:
The women's shot put event at the 2001 Summer Universiade was held at the Workers Stadium in Beijing, China on 28 August.

Results

References

Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade
2001 in women's athletics
2001


title: Faist

text:
Faist may refer to:

 Chinese ritual mastery traditions, sometimes rendered as "Faism"
 FAIST Anlagenbau GmbH, manufacturer of noise control facilities and aero-acoustic wind tunnel treatment.
 Faist, a British manufacturer of electro-mechanical systems and components


title: Book test

text:
The book test is a classic mentalism demonstration used by mentalists to demonstrate telepathy-like effects. The name refers to its early use as a test of mental powers.

Effect
An audience member (the "spectator") is called onstage to assist the mentalist. The spectator is shown one or more books, and asked to read a random passage from one of them. The passage may be revealed to the audience, or recorded in some other way for later comparison. The mentalist then typically presents a routine to establish an atmosphere or back story, and proceeds to read the spectator's mind to reveal elements relating to the passage read by the spectator.

History

Books have been used as props as long ago as the 1450s. In one particularly common trick, the "blow book", spectators would blow on the pages of a book which would then reveal images, colors, or text. However, these were not similar to modern book tests, as the "magic" was simply the change in appearance.

The modern concept of the book test involves the magician revealing a word, phrase, or image that the spectator has selected at random. The earliest known example is a variation on the modern Twenty One Card Trick, in which a series of operations reveals the chosen item through basic mathematics. The magician first asks a spectator to choose a word or figure on a starting page. An associated number, say the column or group that the figure appears in, is used to select another page. For instance, if the spectator picks a figure in column two, they might flip forward two pages. Here the spectator sees the same figure somewhere else on the page, and repeats the process. After three flips the magician stops them and reveals the figure.

It is known that a version of this sort of book test was created by well-known publisher Girolamo Scotto and demonstrated for the Emperor of Austria in 1572. However, printed versions from this time are not extant. The earliest surviving example was found by Italian magician Vanni Bossi in the book Il Laberinto, originally published in 1607 by Andrea Ghisi. An English translation was published in 1610 under the title Wits laberynth, or, the exercise of idlenesse. It is believed Wits laberynth was the inspiration for the same trick in Nicholas Hunt's Newe Recreations, published in London in 1631.

Modern variations of the original "labyrinth" concept using gimmicked books are widespread, although they vary greatly in nature. The first modern example is widely suggested to have been introduced by Johann Nepomuk Hofzinser sometime between 1865 and 1875, generally known simply as "The Word". Variations using a single page that can be inserted into other books, sometimes known as the "True Test" or "Modern Magazine Test", were first developed by in the 1930s by U. F. Grant, a well-known inventor of magic tricks.

Modern variations on the book test generally use a different methodology. This method has been a staple of mentalist acts throughout the 20th century. One of the best known variations of this trick was repeatedly performed by The Piddingtons, whose version included elaborate stagecraft that placed Lesley Piddington, the "reader", in a variety of bizarre locations, from London Tower to a diving bell. James Randi uses the trick as a staple of his impromptu shows, selecting among a wide variety of methods at whim.

This new method was first revealed in written form by magician David Hoy and published in his 1963 The Bold and Subtle Miracles of Dr. Faust, the "Bold Book Test" is widely considered a classic and inventive trick. The trick, often with Hoy's name removed, has been published in dozens of books and pamphlets.

Method
There are many versions of the book test. The magician may use a single book, a single page or multiple books. In each case there are multiple variants. Methods using more than one book generally used unmodified books, or naturals. These can be distinguished because the mentalist hands the books to the spectator to choose among, and has some sort of riffle or fast flipping of the pages later in the trick. Methods using a modified book, a gimmick, allow free selection of the word from any page. In cases using the dictionary test principle, the magician holds the book in front of them, facing out.

Natural two-book force, or Bold book test
Hoy's version of the book test uses two unmodified books and a magician's force. The mentalist memorizes a single word or passage from one of the books prior to the performance, the force book. They may also ask the spectator to choose a book from their own bookshelf, and then quickly reads a passage from it while the spectator is occupied selecting a second book from the shelf.

The mentalist then asks the spectator to pick one of the two books, but uses a force to ensure they always pick the one containing the memorized word. The simplest method is to ask the user to choose one of the books and point to it. If they choose the force book, the magician simply hands it to them. If the spectator points the non-force book, the magician says "ok, I'll keep that one" and hands the spectator the force book. In either case, the spectator is left holding the force book.

To force the page, a number of methods are used. The most common has the mentalist leaf through the non-force book at high speed and asks the spectator to call "stop" at any point. When the spectator stops him, the mentalist states that they have stopped on a certain page and asks the spectator to open the force book to the same page. It does not matter when the spectator calls "stop"; the magician always says they have stopped on the page with the memorized term.

The spectator is then asked to read a passage on the page, perhaps the first line. The mentalist then recites the memorized passage.

Multi-book forces
It is possible to turn the two-book force into a three-book force simply by adapting the choice made the second time. If the spectator chooses the force book on the first attempt, that book is handed to them and the trick proceeds as before. If they choose one of the non-force books, it is placed aside and they are asked to choose again. If that second choice is the force book, it is handed to them; otherwise it, too, is discarded and the force book is handed to them. Although it is possible to extend this process past three books, it becomes increasingly obvious that a force is taking place if the force book is selected with the mentalist still holding multiple books and has to set them all aside. There are dozens of variations; Theodore Annemann's Practical Mental Magic describes fourteen in a single chapter and refers to more within the text.

Mnemonic gimmicks
Another major class of book tests involves a mnemonic device to distribute "money words" across a page. For instance, a given page might have the word "Abermarle" on it, and this would be the only "proper name" that starts with the letter A and the spectator would be invited to select a proper name beginning with A. "Hybrid" systems replace the gimmick book with a single gimmick page, which is styled and sized to fit within a target magazine or book. The mentalist must prepare the book themselves, inserting the page into any suitable book or magazine. For this version, the mentalist must use some form of an equivocation to ensure the spectator chooses the right page. There are a wide variety of forces used for this purpose.

In both cases the spectator is handed the gimmicked book, or allowed to select among many similar examples. The spectator is then instructed to open and select a word off the page, with the word selection being limited, for example only allowing "odd words" or "proper names." The mentalist then asks the spectator a single question, typically "what is the first letter of the word you are thinking of?" They then apply the mnemonic to return the word, and reveal.

There are a variety of systems used to create the word selection.  The original method, called "The Word," was developed by U.F. Grant, but a number of variations exist. All require some preparation to use properly.

Dictionary gimmicks
The "dictionary test" is a gimmicked book test that anyone can prepare using any book, but works best with dictionaries, encyclopedias, books of lists, or other texts where there is some sort of obvious first word that is called out in the text.

Using a dictionary, the gimmick is prepared by finding the first defined word on the left page, which is normally bolded or printed in larger text, and writing it in fine pencil on the top of the right page. The magician then holds the book open in front of the spectator and riffles with the left hand, and asks the spectator to call "stop" at any point. The magician then points to the upper right corner (blindly, as the book is still facing away from the magician) and while the spectator is looking there, peeks at the other corner, which is turned just enough to be visible.

A commercial variation of the dictionary test is known as "Flashback," and comes in the form of a complete gimmicked book. Instead of the word appearing faintly at the top of the page, it is arranged so the last word on the left page is the same as the first word on the right page. In some forms the antonym appears on the mirror page, instead of the same word. For instance, if the word "day" appears as the first word on the left page, a straight flashback would put the word "day" on the left page, while an antonym version puts "night" there instead. Flashback variations are often incorporated in gimmick books supporting other methods as well.

Other variations
The "Page, Line and Word" trick uses two or three spectators, handing one a book (the "reader"), another an envelope, and the third pencil and paper (the "writer"). The writer is asked to imagine opening the book and selecting a word at random, and then writes down the page, line and word number they imagined. The magician then palms the writer's slip and hands a prepared slip to the reader, who opens the book to the selected section. The third spectator then opens the envelope to reveal the same word.

The "1089 force" is a natural that relies on the mathematical manipulation of three-digit numbers such that the answer to a series of seemingly random operations will always result in the number 1089. The spectator is then asked to turn to page 108 and read the 9th word. Mathematical forces of this sort, similar to the original "labyrinth" type tests, are no longer common as these are widely known to the audience.

The "coin force," which can be performed with a number of props instead of coins, is essentially a combination of the natural and the flashback concepts. A word or statement from a natural is selected, and then some sort of marker, normally a quarter, is inserted in that page near the spine. As the magician riffles the book, they can easily flip to that page when the spectator calls "stop". This relies on nothing other than the magician holding the book firmly by the spine while it is riffled, both to obscure the coin as well as to keep it from falling out.

References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links
 James Randi at Dragon*Con 2012, using the Bold Book Test
 Easy Book Test - Scam School, using the 1089 force
Il Laberinto, an interactive version of oldest surviving version
 Ted Karmilovich, "The Mother of all Book Tests, Pocket Edition"

Mentalism
Magic tricks


title: Yui Tomori

text:
also known as Denney or  is a former Nippon Professional Baseball pitcher.

External links

1967 births
Butte Copper Kings players
Chunichi Dragons players
Japanese baseball coaches
Japanese expatriate baseball players in the United States
Living people
Nippon Professional Baseball coaches
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Portland Sea Dogs players
Seibu Lions players
Baseball people from Okinawa Prefecture
Yokohama BayStars players
Yokohama Taiyō Whales players


title: Edward Browne (Irish politician)

text:
Edward Browne was an Irish politician and trade union official. He was an Independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1960 to 1961. He was returned to the 9th Seanad on the Labour Panel on 11 October 1960, replacing Frank Purcell in an uncontested by-election. He was nominated by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions, of which he was vice president; the only other nominating body, the Irish Conference of Professional and Service Organisations, made no nomination. Browne lost his seat at the 1961 Seanad election.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Irish trade unionists
Members of the 9th Seanad
Independent members of Seanad Éireann
Place of birth missing
Labour Panel senators


title: Jashipur Assembly constituency

text:
Jashipur is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha.

Area of this constituency includes Jashipur block, Raruan block, Sukruli block and 9 GPs (Badhatnabeda, Chuapani, Dhangdimuta, Hatbadra, Jarada, Jhipabandh, Talapati, Tolakpokhari and Uparbeda) of Kusumi block. Many villages consisting of small clusters of houses are located near Jashipur like Kanjipia, Keunjhar etc.

In 2009 election Biju Janata Dal candidate Kamala Kanta Nayak, defeated Independent candidate Sambhunath Naik by a margin of 13,190 votes.

Elected Members

13 elections held during 1957 to 2009. List of members elected from Jashipur Vidhan Sabha constituency are:
2004: (2): Sambhunath Naik (SUCI(C))
2000: (2): Bhanucharan Nayak (BJP)
1995: (2): Sambhunath Naik (SUCI(C))
1990: (2): Mangal Singh Madhi (Janata Dal)
1985: (2): Sambhunath Nayak (Independent)
1980: (2): Sundar Mohan Majhi (Congress-I)
1977: (2): Kahnuram Hembram (Janata Party)
1974: (2): Ghanashyam Hembram (Independent)
1971: (2): Lal Mohan Nayak (Congress)
1967: (2): Durga Charan Nayak (Swatantra)
1961: (135): Mochiram Tiriya (Congress)
1957: (97): Mochiram Tiriya (Ganatantra Parishad)

Election results

2019

2014

2009

Notes

References

Politics of Mayurbhanj district
Assembly constituencies of Odisha


title: Brinley Avenue Historic District

text:
The Brinley Avenue Historic District is a historic district in downtown Yuma, Arizona, that runs along Madison Avenue (formerly Brinley Avenue) from 1st to 3rd Streets and along Second Street from Main Street to 1st Avenue. The district connected Yuma's historic commercial center along Main Street with its government center on 2nd Avenue and was actively developed from 1900 to 1925. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and is also included in the larger Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area.

The historic district includes 10 structures that have been designated as "significant" and 12 structures that have been designated as "contributing".

The structures designated as "significant" or "contributing" include:
 The Dorrington Block, 45 2nd Street (Yu203). This commercial arcade was built in 1908 in a Neo-Classical Revival style.  Built on the site of J. W. Dorrington's office, print shop and home, it has been designated as a "significant" property to the district.
 Napoleon House, 96 2nd Street (Yu217).  This adobe structure, built in 1901, is located at the western edge of the district along 2nd Street. It is an example of Anglicized Sonoran style architecture and has been designated as a "significant" structure as an example of middle class housing at the turn of the 20th century.
 Jagoda House, 94 2nd Street (Yu218).  The brick structure has been designated as a "contributing" property.
 Ghiotto House, 90 2nd Street (Yu219). This brick home was built in 1915 for John Ghiotto an immigrant from Genoa, Italy, who first worked at the Gandolfo store and later operated four small grocery stores of his own. The structure has been designated as a "contributing" property as an example of typical middle class housing of the period.
 Venegas Store, 78 2nd Street (Yu220).  This commercial structure was built in 1924 in the sheltered arcade style and operated by Jose Maria Venegas as a storehouse and dry goods store.  It has been designated as a "significant" structure. The Venegas family also operated the Yuma Steam Laundry.
 Trautman Building, 190 Madison Avenue (Yu223).  This commercial block was built in 1908 for J. W. Dorrington and leased to Ernest Trautman, a jeweler and optician.  It has been designated as a "contributing" property.
 Mary Neahr Pancrazi House, aka the Pancrazi honeymoon cottage, 116 Madison Avenue (Yu225). This adobe house was built in 1899 by David Neahr for his daughter Fryda Mary Neahr upon her marriage to ferryman Mateo Pancrazi.  It has been designated as a "contributing" property.
Neahr-Iaeger-Martinez House, 106 Madison Avenue (Yu226). This adobe residence was built in approximately 1860.  It has been the residence of (1) David Neahr, builder of the Yuma Territorial Prison, (2) Louis Iaeger, a Colorado River ferryman, and (3) Gabriel Martinez, namesake of Martinez Lake.
 Popular Drug Store, aka Golden Wedding Bell Marriage Chapel, 102 Madison Avenue (Yu227). This frame and stucco structure was built in 1891 and operated as a drug store from 1891 to 1914, the Yi-Lee Chinese Laundry in the 1920s, and as the Golden Wedding Bell Marriage Chapel from 1940 to 1957.
 Yuma County Administration Building, 198 S. Main Street (Yu231).  Originally occupied by the Yuma National Bank, the building was rehabilitated and dedicated as the county administration building in 1990.

Gallery

See also

List of historic properties in Yuma, Arizona

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
Buildings and structures in Yuma, Arizona
National Register of Historic Places in Yuma County, Arizona


title: Poland women's national goalball team

text:
Poland women's national goalball team is the women's national team of Poland.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment.  The team takes part in international competitions.

Regional championships

The team competes in the IBSA Europe goalball region.

The 1985 European Championships were held in Olsztyn, Poland with six teams competing.  The team finished fifth. Six teams took part in the 2010 IBSA European Championships Goalball Women B tournament held in Eskişehir, Turkey in July.  The team finished sixth.

Competitive history
The table below contains individual game results for the team in international matches and competitions.

See also

 Disabled sports
 Poland at the Paralympics

References

Goalball women's
National women's goalball teams
Poland at the Paralympics
European national goalball teams


title: Terry Wyatt

text:
Terence Richard Wyatt (born 29 June 1957)  is a Professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, UK.

Education
Wyatt was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Tamworth, Imperial College London (Bachelor of Science) and St Edmund Hall, Oxford where he was awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1983 for research supervised by Robin Devenish at the University of Oxford.

Career and research
Wyatt's conducts research in particle physics primarily on the DØ experiment at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider in Fermilab and on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collider in CERN.

He was one of three short-listed candidates for the position of CERN Director General in 2014, with Fabiola Gianotti and Frank Linde.

Awards and honours
Wyatt was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013. His certificate of election reads:

Wyatt was also awarded the James Chadwick Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics (IOP) in 2011.

References

Academics of the University of Manchester
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of Imperial College London
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
1957 births
British physicists
People associated with CERN