title: Theodor Avé-Lallemant

text:
Johann Theodor Friedrich Avé-Lallemant (born 2 February 1806 in Magdeburg; d. 9 November 1890 in Hamburg) was a German musician and music teacher.

Family and personal life
The son of a music teacher, Avé-Lallemant studied music (French horn, organ, and piano) from the age of nine, in Greifswald and Lübeck, before settling in Hamburg in 1828. Here he worked as a music teacher until 1874 and came to play a leading role in the Hanseatic city's music life. Thus, in 1838 he was appointed to the board of directors of the Philharmonic Society (Philharmonie), eventually becoming its chairman and director of concerts. In 1841, he organized the third North German Music Festival in Hamburg, the largest event of its kind in Germany, and in 1847 he was one of the founders of the "Hamburger Tonkünstlerverein" (Musicians' Association).

Avé-Lallemant married, in 1840, Wilhelmina of the Jauch family, the daughter of a wealthy Hamburg merchant. They had six children, and the godfathers of two of their sons were Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms. Avé-Lallemant was also on friendly terms with other notable musicians, including Clara Schumann, Joseph Joachim, and Julius Stockhausen.

Tchaikovsky and Avé-Lallemant
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was introduced to Avé-Lallemant in January 1888 when the Russian composer arrived in Hamburg to conduct a concert of his own music at the Philharmonie. The concert, which featured the Serenade for String Orchestra, the Piano Concerto No. 1 (soloist Wassily Sapellnikoff), and the Theme and Variations from the Suite No. 3, took place on 8/20 January, and two days later Tchaikovsky, accompanied by his German publisher Daniel Rahter, called on Avé-Lallemant and spent a few hours at his house. The entry he made in his diary that evening reflects something of the cordial atmosphere in which those hours were spent : "After dinner visit to Avé-Lallemant. The old man touched me by his invitation nach Deutschland zu übersiedeln [to emigrate to Germany]", and Tchaikovsky would describe their conversation in more detail in the account of his concert tour which he wrote up a few months later in his Autobiographical Account of a Tour Abroad in the Year 1888 (Chapter XI):

Tchaikovsky did not forget this meeting, and he decided to dedicate his next major work, the Symphony No. 5, which he embarked on and completed that summer, to Avé-Lallemant. He asked his German publisher, Rahter, to find out whether Avé-Lallemant would accept such a dedication, and this is what Rahter reported in a letter to the composer on 23 July/4 August 1888: "I have seen Herr Avé-Lallemant here [in Hamburg]; he told me that he had written to you saying that he considers himself too insignificant to accept the intended distinction. However, he will be very glad about it, so just go ahead with your plan". In another letter two weeks later, Rahter informed Tchaikovsky of how the dedicatee wished his name to be written on the title-page of the score of the Fifth Symphony: "Herrn Theodor Avé-Lallement in Hamburg" [To Herr Theodor Avé-Lallemant in Hamburg]. A few months later, however, Tchaikovsky briefly considered dedicating his new work to the Royal Philharmonic Society in London instead — evidently for pragmatic reasons, since negotiations were underway for him to visit London during his next concert tour to Western Europe in the spring of 1889 and he seems to have intended to conduct his new symphony in the British capital. Rahter wrote to Tchaikovsky on 22 September/4 October 1888 that, in his view, Avé-Lallemant would not be offended by this, since he too would understand that it was a necessary gesture to secure the invitation from the Royal Philharmonic Society. Rahter added that Tchaikovsky could always dedicate some other work to Avé-Lallemant later on. This change of plan was but fleeting, though, and the original dedication of the Fifth Symphony to Avé-Lallemant remained in place: it was with this dedication that the full score was published by Jurgenson in Moscow later that year.

Unfortunately, ill health prevented the dedicatee from hearing Tchaikovsky conduct the new work at the Hamburg Philharmonie on 3/15 March 1889. He wrote to the composer on the morning of the concert: "Dear and esteemed Sir and friend! My cold has unfortunately got so worse that I shall have to keep to my room, and perhaps even to my bed, for several days, which means that I can also not attend the concert! How cruel this is for me, since you have become very dear to me not just as a composer, but also as the splendid person you are. I must therefore call out to you a written Grüß Gott, and, if He grants it, Auf Wiedersehen [Till we meet!]". The Fifth Symphony was received very warmly at Tchaikovsky's concert in Hamburg, dispelling his earlier doubts about this work. However, as Modest Tchaikovsky observed in his biography of the composer: "The agreeable impression of that evening was slightly clouded by the fact that Avé-Lallemant, to whom the symphony is dedicated, was unable to attend the concert due to ill health. For Pyotr Ilyich had set such store on his being there, he had been so keen to know his opinion! Before the concert the old man sent a letter with many blessings and wishing him success, but he did not get to hear the symphony itself". It seems very likely that Tchaikovsky did not meet Avé-Lallemant at all during his brief stay in Hamburg on that occasion (already on 4/16 March, the day after the concert, he left for Hanover), but he did keep his promise of providing Avé-Lallemant's wife with a portrait photograph of himself — it was in fact one of the prints made, at Avé-Lallemant's instigation, by the Hamburg photographer E. Bieber during Tchaikovsky's previous visit to the city.

Theodor Avé-Lallemant died on 9 November 1890 after having devoted more than fifty years of his life to promoting the work of the Hamburg Philharmonic Society. Rahter reported this sad loss to Tchaikovsky in a letter two days later: "Good Herr Avé-Lallemant has died. The most distinguishing event in his life was in any case that which put his name on your 5th Symphony. He accorded you his full sympathy".

One letter from Tchaikovsky to  Theodor Avé-Lallemant has survived, dating from 1889:
 Letter 4/16 March 1889, from Hamburg.

Bibliography
 Avé-Lallemant, Benedikt: Rückblicke auf das Dritte Norddeutsche Musikfest zu Hamburg, Lübeck 1841
 Avé-Lallemant, Theodor: Rückerinnerungen eines alten Musikanten, als Manuskript gedruckt Hamburg 1878
 Avé-Lallemant, Peter (Hrsg.): Chronik der Familie Avé-Lallemant. Zusammengestellt von Hans Avé-Lallemant, Typoscript in 30 Exemplaren 1948
 Feddersen, Peter: Tschaikowsky in Hamburg. Eine Dokumentation, Cajkovskij-Studien Band 8, Mainz 2006 (u.a. S. 256 Porträt Theodor Avé-Lallemant und Frau Wilhelmine geb. Jauch, S. 257 Porträt Peter Tschaikowsky von 1888 mit Widmung „an Frau Avé-Lallemant“)
 Fuchs, Charles (Hrsg.): Erinnerungen an das dritte Norddeutsche Musik-Fest in Hamburg im July 1841, Hamburg 1841
 Hofmann, Kurt: Theodor Avé-Lallemant, in: Appel, Bernhard, R. (Hrsg.): Musikhandschriften und Briefe aus dem Familienarchiv Avé-Lallemant, (Hrsg. von der Kulturstiftung der Länder in Verbindung mit dem) Brahms-Institut an der Musikhochschule Lübeck, Berlin 2001 (= Patrimonia 197)
 Hofmann, Kurt: Johannes Brahms in Hamburg, Reinbek 1986
 Struck, Michael: Manuskripte mit Frage- und Ausrufezeichen. Die Clara Wieck zugeschriebenen Werke aus dem Familienarchiv Avé-Lallemant, in: Appel, Bernhard, R. (Hrsg.): Musikhandschriften und Briefe aus dem Familienarchiv Avé-Lallemant, (Hrsg. von der Kulturstiftung der Länder in Verbindung mit dem) Brahms-Institut an der Musikhochschule Lübeck, Berlin 2001 (= Patrimonia 197)
 Lührsen, Conrad Nikolaus: Die Familie Avé-Lallemant und ihre Töchternachkommen, Deutsches Familienarchiv (DFA) Band 23, Neustadt an der Aisch 1963, S. 205–243

Notes and references

External links
 Brahms-Institut in Lübeck
 Tchaikovsky Research

1806 births
1890 deaths
Musicians from Magdeburg
Jauch family
German people of French descent
19th-century German male musicians


title: Simon Beta

text:
Simon Beta (born Simone Della Zoppa; 6 July 1982) is an Italian record producer, progressive house DJ, and remixer, active since 1997 with many names (Simon Beta, Furious F*ckerz, Doctors In Florence, Rehnoir, Jack Empire, Sexycools and many more).

Some of his most popular recent songs include two collaborations with the Dutch star Marco V "Lotus" and "Limitess" (this last featured by Gabrielle Ross), both released by Flamingo Recordings Fedde Le Grand's label, and "Where My Heart Lives" released on the British label Cr2 with the featuring of Amanda Wilson respectively number 13 and 27 Beatport General Chart and number 9 Beatport progressive house chart in 2012-2013-2014 Years.

He also is remixer of artists like Corona (singer) the famous Italian singer of the nineties for the hit "Baby Baby" or for William Naraine the frontman of the famous Double You of for Ron Carroll (Bob Sinclar's singer), David Jones (Beatport second bestseller ever) or for Thomas Newson (Author of Pallaroid Revealed Recordings / Flute Spinnin Records)

From 2010 to 2014 Simon Beta founded a team called Doctors In Florence with Luca Palmieri and Fabio Andromda and decided to stop each other projects and released to dedicate totally himself to this new project.

After the dissolution of the team Doctors In Florence in the 2014, Simon has started to use again his first name "Simon Beta" and now works as a duo with his partner Luca Palmieri (since 2014 Mike Lucas) his already partner in Doctors In Florence's Team.

In 2017 Simon Beta and Mike Lucas created a new project called Sexycools, born for mainstream music, producing some new versions of some hits of the '90 such as "The Rhythm Of The Night" and "Baby Baby" with Corona (released with Simon From Deep Divas the son of Corona) "Sunshine And Happiness" (Nerio's Dubwork Feat. Darryl Pandy), "Uh La La La" (Alexia) and more

In 2019 has been released an important single by Sony Music with the featuring of Ne-Yo called "U R The One".
In 2020 a new single with Snoop Dogg called "Lolita" and "Coming Home" sees the light on Sony Music.

Simon Beta's track has been played by various other artists like Tiesto, David Guetta, Bob Sinclar and many many more.

Now in the fourth format of his radio show (Hardstorm, Going To Party, Doctors In Progress and now Bangerang Radio Show) he broadcast it in 10 countries in the world.

Singles

 2019-01-31 Sexycools & Stefy De Cicco "Coming Home" [Sony Music]
 2020-01-06 Mike Lucas & Simon Beta Feat Snoop Dogg "Lolita" [Sony Music]
 2019-02-22 Sexycools & Audiosonic Feat. Ne-Yo "U R The One"  [Sony Music]
 2019-01-11 Deep Divas & Sexycools "Baby Baby"  [Dance & Love Records]
 2019-01-11 Deep Divas & Sexycools "The Rhythm Of The Night" [Dance & Love Records]
 2018-06-08 Deep Divas & Sexycools Feat. Alexia "Uh La La La" [Zyx Records]
 2018-04-27 Sexycools & Audiosonic "Sunshine And Happiness" [Blanco Y Negro]
 2015-10-16 Arda Diri, Mike Lucas & Simon Beta "Soul Night" [Playbox Music]
 2015-06-01 Simon Beta, Christopher Ank, Gerard Kidman, Mike Lucas  "Thor" [Bonerizing Records]
 2015-03-03 Simon Beta & Mike Lucas "Khomm" [Virus T Studio Records]
 2014-02-17 Mike Lucas & Simon Beta Feat. Amanda Wilson "Where My Heart Lives" [Cr2 Records]
 2014-02-03 Simon Beta & Mike Lucas "Ready" [Virus T Studio Records]
 2013-08-15 Billy Sizemore & Rehnoir "Wobble 2X" [Consistent Recordings]
 2013-04-26 Deep Divas & Rehnoir "Phaze" [BitPull Recordings]
 2013-04-15 Marco V & Doctors In Florence Feat. Jade Ross "Lotus(Limitless)" [Flamingo Recordings]
 2012-10-29 Marco V & Doctors In Florence "Lotus" [Flamingo Recordings]
 2012-12-20 Doctors In Florence "Blackbeat" [Consistent Records]
 2011-01-12 Doctors In Florence "Heart Vibrations" [Adaptor Recordings]
 2011-04-21 Doctors In Florence "Back 2 Life" [Adaptor Recordings]
 2011-03-24 Doctors In Florence "Kindred Spirit" [Adaptor Recordings]
 2010 Dj Garath & Simon Beta "Evil"
 2010 Dj Rehnoir & Fabio Andromeda Meets Luca Palmieri "God Save The Rhythm"
 2010-03-06 Dj Rehnoir & Fabio Andromeda "Toboga"
 2010 Jimmy The Sound Vs Simon Beta "Vanity Of Insanity"
 2009 Dj Garath & Simon Beta "Phobia"
 2009-06-29 - Fabio Andromeda & Simon Beta "Microwave" [Electroburn Records]
 2009 Gladiator & The Furious Fuckerz "Black Straight" [Ipnotika Records]
 2009 Maurizio Ferrari & The Furious Fuckerz "Snap" [Ipnotika Records]
 2008 Gladiator & The Furious Fuckerz Meets Air Teo "Teoschock08" [Burned Records]
 2008 Simon Beta "Hellboy"
 2007 Simon Beta "The Greatest"
 2006 Simon Beta "Check Point"
 2005 Simon Beta "The Man On The Moon"
 2003 Simon Beta "Pusher"
 2003 Simon Beta "Time Will Never Stop"
 2003 Simon Beta "Hard-est Style"
 2003 Simon Beta "Noize System 3"

Remixes

 2016-07-29 Twoloud "My Remedy (Milke Lucas & Simon Beta Remix)
 2015-08-07 Danny Avila & KAAZE "Close Your Eyes (Simon Beta, Arda Diri, Mike Lucas Remix)" (Playbox Records)
 2015 Sterling Fox "Holy" (Mike Lucas & Simon Beta Remix)" ( Bonerizing Records )
 2014 David Jones & Ron Carroll "You & Me (Mike Lucas & Simon Beta Remix)" ( Time Records )
 2014 Luengo & Diaz "Erase & Rewind (Christopher Ank & Rehnoir Remix)" (High 5 Records)
 2013 Deep Divas & Rehnoir "Phaze" [BitPull Records]
 2013 Corona (singer) & Simon From Deep Divas "Baby Baby 2k13 (Party Killers & Rehnoir Remix)" DWA Records
 2013 Thomas Newson "Neutron (Doctors In Florence Remix)" (In Charge Records)
 2009 Jack & Joy Ft Belle Erskine "Break This Down"(Doctors In Florence Remix)(Adaptor Recordings)
 2012 40's Mood "India" (Doctors In Florence Remix) Time Records
 2012 Maxime Zanetti "Amnesia" (Doctors In Florence Remix)
 2011 Yiruma "River Flows In You" (Doctors In Florence Remix)
 2011 William Naraine "If I Could Fall" (Doctors In Florence RMX) Ultra Records
 2011 Phandora "Ruby Rain" (Doctors In Florence RMX)
 2010 Jack & Joy Feat. Belle Erskine "Break This Down" (Doctors In Florence RMX)
 2010 "Adagio For Strings" (Doctors In Florence RMX)
 2010 Daresh Shyzmoon "Dharma" (Fabio Andromeda & Dj Rehnoir Rmx)
 2010 Music Hazard Inc. "Axel" (Fabio Andromeda & Dj Rehnoir Rmx)

See also
 Electronic dance music
 Progressive house
 House
 dj
 Hardstyle

References
 Doctors In Forence interview at Radio Deejay and Deejay Television

External links
 Sito personale
 Pagina Facebook
 Twitter personale

1982 births
Living people
Italian record producers


title: Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek

text:
Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek is a tributary of Chillisquaque Creek in Columbia County and Montour County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately  long and flows through Madison Township in Columbia County and Anthony and Derry Townships in Montour County. The creek's watershed has an area of . There are  of streams in the watershed. Lake Chillisquaque is also in the creek. There are 122 features classified as "disturbances" on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek. Two bridges more than  long cross the creek.

Course

Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek begins in a valley in western Madison Township, Columbia County. It flows southwest through the valley into Anthony Township, Montour County, where it flows southwest for a few miles before leaving the valley and crossing Pennsylvania Route 44. The creek then turns south and flows through Lake Chillisquaque. South of the lake, the creek flows through a flat area for some distance. It then exits Anthony Township and enters Derry Township, Montour County. In Derry Township, the creek almost immediately meets East Branch Chillisquaque Creek to form Chillisquaque Creek.

Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek joins Chillisquaque Creek  upstream of its mouth.

Hydrology
Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek is ranked 6th in priority on the 305B Stream Listings in the watershed of Chillisquaque Creek. It experiences siltation and has been subjected to hydromodifcation and flow alterations.

The water temperature of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek ranges from approximately .

The concentration of alkalinity in Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek ranges from under 10 to over 70 milligrams per liter. The concentrations of nitrates and phosphates are both high.

Geology and geography

The depth of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek near Pennsylvania Route 44 typically ranges between a few inches and a foot (30 centimeters), but is occasionally over .

There are 122 features classified as "disturbances" on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek. 96 of these (78.7 percent) are erosion sites, 45 of which are on the creek's right bank and 51 of which are on the creek's left bank. 14 of the "disturbances" are gravel bars, 7 are bridges, 3 are riprap, and 2 are pipes.

There are nearly 30 stream banks on East Branch Chillisquaque Creek that area between  and  long. Slightly more than 20 are less than  high, 5 are  high, and approximately two are over  high. There are slightly over 30 banks on the creek that are  long. Between 15 and 20 are under  high, slightly more than 10 are  high, and approximately three are over  high. The creek has 25 banks that are  long. Of these, there are approximately equal numbers of banks less than  high and  high and none higher than .

There are several stream banks on East Branch Chillisquaque Creek that are between  and . Five are less than  high and two are over  hingh. The creek also has several banks over  long, all of which are less than  high.

The streambed of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek is publicly owned. The elevation of the creek near its mouth is  above sea level. Near its source, the creek's elevation is between  and .

Watershed

The watershed of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek has an area of . There are  of streams in the watershed of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek. , or 89.6 percent, are classified as "not attaining".

Lake Chillisquaque is a reservoir located on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek and is the largest lake in Montour County. It has an area of 165 acres. The lake is dammed by an earth-fill dam that is  long and  high.

Middle Branch Chillisqauque Creek is the most significant tributary of Lake Chillisqauque.

History, recreation, and etymology
Lake Chillisquaque was created on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek in 1972. Its original purpose was as a supply of cooling water for a nearby power plant. Two bridges more than  long cross the creek. One was built in 1923 and is  long and the other was built in 1932 and is  long. Both bridges are made of concrete.

The Chillisquagi Trail in the Montour Preserve crosses Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek.

The word chillisquaque in Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek's name comes from either the Native American word chilisuagi, which refers to a place commonly visited by snowbirds (specifically, a "place frequented by snowbirds") or the Native American word for "frozen duck".

Biology
Lake Chillisquaque is stocked by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek is designated as a warmwater fishery.

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
West Branch Chillisquaque Creek

References

Rivers of Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Montour County, Pennsylvania
Tributaries of Chillisquaque Creek
Rivers of Pennsylvania


title: Kim Davis (singer)

text:
Kim Davis (born in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. After starting her career as a background singer for artists such as John Legend, she began recording and self-releasing solo material in 2007. Davis' lyrics draw from real life experiences, and her music fuses R&B, soul, hip hop, and reggae.  In 2010 her single Show Me The Way was nominated for the Juno Award for Reggae Recording of the Year, and at the Juno Awards of 2014 her second album There's Only One was nominated for the Juno Award for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year. She has collaborated with artists such as Sizzla and Beenie Man, and she continues to tour.

Awards and nominations

Discography

Solo albums

See also
Juno Awards

References

External links
Kim Davis on Facebook
Kim Davis on YouTube

Living people
Singers from Toronto
Canadian contemporary R&B singers
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Matt Bowman

text:
Matthew Chou Bowman (born May 31, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the St. Louis Cardinals and Cincinnati Reds.

High school and college

Bowman attended St. Albans School in Washington, D.C. As a senior he was All-Met Player of the Year and All-Conference as a shortstop and right-handed pitcher, and had a 0.70 ERA as a pitcher and a .419 average as a batter.

He played college baseball for the Princeton Tigers at Princeton University from 2010 to 2012. He was both a pitcher and shortstop for the Tigers.  He had a low-90s fastball that ran as high as 95 mph, a hard slider, a curveball, and a changeup. He was second-team all-Ivy League at shortstop as a sophomore.  In 2012, as a junior, he went 4–2 with a 4.66 ERA in nine starts along with batting .308 with one home run in 33 games. During the summers in college, he pitched for the Bethesda Big Train.

Professional career

New York Mets
The New York Mets selected Bowman in the 13th round of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He made his professional debut that season for the Brooklyn Cyclones. He had a 2.45 earned run average (ERA) in  innings pitched. Bowman started 2013 with the Savannah Sand Gnats and was promoted to the St. Lucie Mets during the season. Over 21 starts he had a 10–4 win–loss record with a 3.05 ERA and 116 strikeouts.

Bowman started the 2014 season with the Binghamton Mets and was promoted to the Las Vegas 51s in July; in 24 games (23 starts) between the two teams, he was 10–8 with a 3.21 ERA. He spent the 2015 season back with Las Vegas, where he pitched to a 7–16 record and 5.53 ERA.

St. Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals selected Bowman in the 2015 Rule 5 draft. He made his MLB debut against the Pittsburgh Pirates on April 6, 2016, throwing two innings with one hit allowed and two strikeouts. He earned his first MLB win on June 8, 2016, in relief against the Cincinnati Reds. Bowman finished his first MLB season with a 2–5 win–loss record along with a 3.46 ERA. In 2017, he was 3–6 with two saves and a 3.99 ERA in  innings pitched in relief.

Bowman began 2018 back in St. Louis' bullpen. However, after compiling a 5.75 ERA in  innings pitched with two stints on the disabled list, he was optioned to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds on July 5. He was recalled by St. Louis on July 18 and optioned back to Memphis on July 21, and spent the remainder of the season there. In 22 relief appearances for the Cardinals he was 0–2 with a 6.26 ERA, and in 18 relief appearances for Memphis, he compiled a 0–1 record with a 4.30 ERA.

Cincinnati Reds
On November 2, 2018, Bowman was claimed off waivers by the Cincinnati Reds. He began the 2019 season with the Louisville Bats, and was promoted to the Reds in May. Bowman underwent Tommy John surgery in mid-September 2020. On October 14, 2020, Bowman was outrighted off of the roster. Bowman elected free agency two days later on October 16.

New York Yankees
On December 14, 2020, Bowman signed a two-year minor league contract with the New York Yankees organization. Bowman did not pitch in 2021 as he recovered from surgery, and missed the entire 2022 season as well. He elected free agency on November 10, 2022.

On January 13, 2023, Bowman re-signed with the Yankees organization on a minor league contract. He began the year with the Triple–A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders, making 30 appearances and logging a 3.29 ERA with 36 strikeouts and 3 saves in  innings pitched. On July 16, Bowman exercised the opt–out clause in his contract and was released by the Yankees. On July 20, Bowman re–signed with the Yankees on a major league contract and was optioned back to Triple–A Scranton.

The Yankees promoted Bowman to the major leagues on September 10.

Personal life
Bowman's parents are Margaret Chou and the late William Bowman. He is married to trial attorney Eve Levin, daughter of South African-born businessman, medical doctor and research scientist Jeremy Levin and  Margery Feldberg (daughter of Stanley Feldberg, co-founder of TJX Companies).

See also

 St. Louis Cardinals all-time roster
 Cincinnati Reds all-time roster
 Rule 5 draft results

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
Sportspeople from Montgomery County, Maryland
Baseball players from Maryland
Major League Baseball pitchers
St. Louis Cardinals players
Cincinnati Reds players
New York Yankees players
Princeton Tigers baseball players
Brooklyn Cyclones players
Savannah Sand Gnats players
St. Lucie Mets players
Binghamton Mets players
Las Vegas 51s players
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Memphis Redbirds players
Louisville Bats players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players


title: Astroblepus ventralis

text:
Astroblepus ventralis is a species of catfish of the family Astroblepidae. It is found in Colombia, in the Dagua River and Pacific coast.

References

Bibliography
Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, num. 1, vol. 1–3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, United States. 2905. .

Astroblepus
Fish described in 1912
Freshwater fish of Colombia


title: Maurice Craig (historian)

text:
Maurice James Waldron Craig (25 October 1919 – 11 May 2011) was an Irish architectural historian, the author of several books on the architectural heritage of Ireland and other subjects, and a conservation activist.

Life
He was born in Belfast in 1919, in a prosperous presbyterian family, though he later rejected his unionist background in favour of socialism and atheism and respect for Irish culture. He attended Castle Park School in Dalkey, Dublin, Shrewsbury School in England, Magdalene College, Cambridge, then returned to Ireland where, persuaded by poet Patrick Kavanagh, he completed a doctorate at Trinity College Dublin on the works of the early 19th-century English poet Walter Savage Landor.

Craig became active in Dublin architecture conservation in the 1940s.

From 1952, he worked in London in the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, but left in 1970 to join An Taisce in Dublin as its full-time executive secretary.

Craig was a prolific photographer of buildings. He donated his large collection to the Irish Architectural Archive in 2001, and anthologies of his photos have been published in book form.

Craig was married three times. His first marriage was to Beatrix Hurst, from which he had two children, and the second was to Jeanne Edwards. His third wife was actress and singer Agnes Bernelle, with whom he lived in Sandymount, Dublin, until her death in 1999.

Bibliography

His books include:
 The Volunteer Earl (1948) – a biography of James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont
Dublin 1660–1860: The Shaping of a City (1952, 1969) – an influential work at a time of crisis for Dublin's colonial architecture
Irish Bookbindings 1600–1800 (1954) – a history of Irish bookbinding
 Ireland Observed (1970, 1980, with Desmond FitzGerald) - a survey of Irish buildings
 Classic Irish Houses of the Middle Size (1976) – a survey of 17th/18th/19th-century houses of the minor gentry
 The Architecture of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1880 (1982)
 The Elephant and the Polish Question (1990) - a varied collection of essays
 Cats and their Poets: An Anthology (2002) - a collection of ancient and modern poems about cats
 Mausolea Hibernica (2009) - a survey of mausoleums in Ireland
 Poems - a collection of poetry
 Photographs (2011) - a collection of architectural photographs taken by Craig around Ireland

References

1919 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Irish historians
21st-century Irish historians
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Irish architectural historians
20th-century Irish photographers
Writers from Belfast
Male non-fiction writers from Northern Ireland
20th-century Irish male writers
21st-century Irish male writers
Georgian architecture in Ireland
Writers from Dublin (city)


title: Maurice Craig

text:
Maurice Craig may refer to:
 Maurice Craig (historian) (1919–2011), Irish architectural historian
 Maurice Craig (psychiatrist) (1866–1935), British psychiatrist


title: Dongxing, Huanjiang County

text:
Dongxing (; Zhuang: Dunghhingh Zen) is a town under the administration of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi, China, located in the northeast of the county. The town itself is inhabited mainly by Zhuang People speaking the Guibei dialect of Zhuang Language but there are also sizeable amounts of Yao, Miao, Maonan, Han and Sui. The town is composed of Donxing Town with its adjacent villages Banmao () and Dongxing Village () and it previously held a township status.

Description

Donxing Town is built on both sides of the river bank of Xiaohuangjiang () river, commonly known as Zhongzhouhe (), a river with great importance for the economy and agriculture of Dongxing but which faces concerning levels of pollution and flooding in the last decade. People are often seen fishing on boats or from the river bank, while during the Dragon Boat Festival, the river is a source of festive events and family gatherings.
Because the town is built on both sides of the river, it is linked by a  bridge which is due to be replaced, and connects the central road of Dongxing (X873) with Banmao.
The town features a wet market, a kindergarten and a grade school, a small public park, many street vendors for outdoor barbecue, convenience stores and hotels. Most of the town's economical output is based on logging, quarrying, retail and subsidence agriculture. On specific days of the week, farmers from nearby villages gather in Dongxing to promote and sell their produce.

Intercity transportation is available through regular coaches which stop by in Dongxing and connect with Hechi, Huanjiang and Longyanxiang ().

The town experiences a declining population due in part to emigration of its youth to study, work and live in the more urban adjacent cities like Huanjiang and Hechi, while during Chinese New Year they return to celebrate with their traditional families commonly referred as "Laojia" ().

Gallery

See also
 Hechi, Guangxi
 Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County

References

External links
 Google translation of the description of Dongxing Town
 Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County People's Government portal, Dongxing Town Government Contact Information
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title: Astroblepus whymperi

text:
Astroblepus whymperi is a species of catfish of the family Astroblepidae. It can be found in Ecuador.

References

Bibliography
Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, num. 1, vol. 1–3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, United States. 2905. .

Astroblepus
Fish described in 1890
Freshwater fish of Ecuador


title: Ghawr al-Assi

text:
Ghawr al-Assi ()  is a Syrian village located in the Hama Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. It is situated along the road between Homs and Hama, being 20 kilometers south of the latter. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ghawr al-Assi had a population of 2,033 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Ghawr al-Assi is the largest village in the Orontes Valley Municipality, which also includes al-Alamein, Qubaybat al-Assi and smaller hamlets. The municipality was established in 2004. There are archaeological remains in Ghawr al-Assi, including old mills and water wheels (norias).

References

Bibliography

Populated places in Hama District


title: Al-Hashimiyah, Hama

text:
Al-Hashimiyah ()  is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Hashimiyah had a population of 102 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Hawayiz Umm Jurn

text:
Hawayiz Umm Jurn () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hawayiz Umm al-Jurn had a population of 265 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: La Pasada Formation

text:
The La Pasada Formation is a geologic formation in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains  of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early to middle Pennsylvanian.

Description
The formation is a cyclic carbonate consisting of alternating limestone and shale with some thin sandstones. Total thickness is . The formation is more clastic towards its base (50% shale and siltstone) than towards its upper portion (24% shale and siltstone). The shales are noncalcareous and greenish towards the base but become gray, calcareous, and often fossiliferous towards the upper portion. The formation shows considerable lateral variability, grading into the Flechado Formation to the north.

The lower half of the formation is interpreted as a shallow marine nearshore sequence with occasional nonmarine intervals with thin coal beds. The upper half was deposited under neritic offshore marine conditions with infrequent nonmarine intervals.

Fossils
The formation contains abundant fossils of Mesolobus and other brachiopods, fenestrate bryozoans, crinoid fragments, and less common pectinid bivalves, as well as small numbers of trilobites, including Ditomopyge scitula and Ameura missouriensis.

History of investigation
The formation was first defined in 1963 by Patrick K. Sutherland, who considered it correlative with the lower part of the Madera Formation. However, in 2004, Barry Kues and Katherine Giles recommended restricting the Madera Group to shelf and marginal basin beds of Desmoinean (upper Moscovian) to early Virgilian age, which excluded the La Pasada Formation. Spencer G. Lucas and coinvestigators also exclude the La Pasada Formation from the Madera Group.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Lake Valley Limestone

text:
The Lake Valley Limestone is a geologic formation widely exposed in southwestern New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the lower to middle Mississippian.

Description
The Lake Valley Limestone consists of gray cherty limestone with thin shale beds. It overlies the Caballero Formation and is overlain by Pennsylvanian beds. The total thickness is .

Members of the formation, in ascending stratigraphic order, are the Andrecito, Alamogordo, Nunn, Tierra Blanca, Arcente, and Dona Ana Members.

Fossils
The formation contains abundant crinoids as well as corals and brachiopods. The Andrecito and Alamogordo Members contain foraminifers characteristic of the Kinderhookian (lower Tournasian) while the foraminifers of the Tierra Blanca Member are Osagean (upper Tournasian to lower Visean). The formation is notable for the presence of well-developed bioherms.

History of investigation
The formation was first named by E.D. Cope in 1882 for exposures at Lake Valley, Sierra County, New Mexico. In 1941, Laudon and Bowsher removed the lowermost beds into the Caballero Formation and divided the Lake Valley Limestone into the Alamgordo, Arcente, and Dona Ana Members. In 1949, they added the Andrecito, Nunn, and Tierra Blanca Members.

Economic geology
The formation hosted the rich silver deposits at Lake Valley. These had produced some 5.8 million ounces (180 tonnes) of silver by 1931, but the richest lode was worked out by 1883, and by 1960 the mines had closed. The ore took the form of native silver, argentite, chlorargyrite, and bromargyrite, deposited in folds in impervious shale beds overlying intrusions of monzonite porphyry of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Limestone formations of the United States


title: Hawir al-Salib

text:
Hawir al-Salib () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hawir al-Salib had a population of 970 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

References

Bibliography

Populated places in Hama District
Alawite communities in Syria


title: Red House Formation

text:
The Red House Formation is a geologic formation found in the Caballo Mountains in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle to late Pennsylvanian.

Description
The formation consists mostly of thinly bedded dark gray limestone and shale  or claystone containing limestone nodules and lenses. Some massive cherty limestone beds are locally present. It rests unconformably on the Lake Valley Limestone or Percha Shale, with a thin sandstone bed at its base. Thickness is about . It is overlain by the Nakaye Formation.

Fossils
Many of the beds are abundantly fossiliferous. The formation dates from the late Morrowan (Bashkirian) to the early Atokan (Moscovian).

History of investigation
The formation was first described by V.C. Kelley and Caswell Silver in 1952 and assigned to the now-obsolete Magdalena Group.  G.O. Bachman and D.A. Myers criticized its definition in 1975, but it is accepted by Barry Kues and Katherine Giles. In 2016, Lucas and coinvestigators recommended that the local names Green Canyon Group, Arrey Formation, Apodaca Formation, Mud Springs Group, Fra Cristobal Formation, and Chuchillo Negro Formation be abandoned in favor of the Red House Formation.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Panther Seep Formation

text:
The Panther Seep Formation is a geologic formation found in the mountain ranges of south-central New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian.

Description
The formation is highly variable in lithology, consisting of interbedded black to reddish sandy, silty, or calcareous shale; brown to olive calcareous siltstone, brown to gray calcareous arkosic sandstone; gypsum; and gray argillaceous to silty limestone. It varies in thickness from . It overlies the Lead Camp Limestone or Bishop Cap Formation and is overlain by the Hueco Group.

The unit likely correlates with Bar B Formation in the Caballo Mountains and the Holder Formation in the Sacramento Mountains.

Fossils
The formation includes patch reefs and numerous fusulinids of Virgilian (Gzhelian) age. The formation also contains algae and some invertebrate fossils typical of the Virgilian. The lower beds may be Missourian (Kasimovian) in age while the uppermost beds may be Wolfcampian (Cisuralian) in age.

History of investigation
The formation was first defined by F.E. Kottlowski and coinvestigators in 1956, who divided it into informal upper and lower members.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Sandia Formation

text:
The Sandia Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico, United States. Its fossil assemblage is characteristic of the early Pennsylvanian.

Description
The Sandia Formation is mostly shale with some sandstone and conglomerate but only minor limestone beds, with the coarser sediments towards its base. Variations in thickness indicate deposition on an eroded Precambrian surface. The formation reaches its maximum thickness of  in the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, where its great inhomogeneity both laterally and vertically indicates a complex marine and nonmarine depositional environment. It is found in the Sandia, Jemez, Sangre de Cristo, and Manzano Mountains as well as the Las Vegas Basin.

The formation rests on Precambrian basement rock in the Sandia Mountains, but is underlain by Osha Canyon Formation in the southern Jemez Mountains or by formations of the Arroyo Penasco Group in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and elsewhere. It transitions to the Madera Group in most locations, with the base of the Madera Group typically placed at the first massive limestone bed above the shales and sandstones of the Sandia Formation.

The Sandia Formation likely correlates with the Pinkerton Trail Formation of the Colorado Plateau.

Fossil content
Fossils found in the formation range from Morrowan brachiopods at its base to Atokan fusulinids at its top, making it a lower to middle Pennsylvanian formation. The uppermost beds contain abundant fossils of the fusulinid Fusulinella famula. However, the Morrowan section is missing in the Manzanos. The exposures at Priest Canyon in the southern Manzanos include  Syringopora and the demosponge Chaetetes. The formation is bioturbated, with trace fossils of Zoophycos, in the southern Nacimiento Mountains.

History of investigation
The formation was first named by C.L. Herrick in 1900 for exposures in the Sandia Mountains of New Mexico.  Herrick included the entire sequence of clastic beds resting on the Great Unconformity. Gordon identified the clastic beds between the Kelly Limestone and Madera Limestone in the Magdalena Mountains as Sandia Formation.

In 1946, Wood and Northrop divided the Sandia Formation as then defined into a Lower Limestone Member and an Upper Clastic Member in the Nacimiento Mountains. Armstrong discovered in 1951 that the Lower Limestone Member included Mississippian beds, which he broke out into the Arroyo Penasco Formation, separated by a clastic sequence (the Log Springs Formation) from early Pennsylvanian beds. Armstrong also noted that the zone immediately above the Log Springs Formation was characterized by fossils of the early Pennsylvanian brachiopod Schizophoria oklahomae and was separated from younger beds by an erosional discontinuity. These were broken out into the Osha Canyon Formation by H. DuChene in 1973

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Bibliography

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Tererro Formation

text:
The Tererro Formation is a geologic formation in Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Mississippian.

Description

The formation is mostly crystalline or calcarenite limestone with a total thickness of up to . It is exposed throughout the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and in the San Luis, Las Vegas-Raton, Palo Duro, and Estancia Basins, as well in the western Tusas Mountains and the Nacimiento Mountains. It lies unconformably on the Espiritu Santo Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Log Springs Formation in the Nacimiento Mountains, the Flechado Formation in the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and the La Pasada Formation in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

The formation is divided into the Macho Member, which is a massive ledge-forming limestone breccia (thickness ); the Turquillo Member, a thick-bedded mudstone; the Manuelitas Member, which is a light to medium gray calcarenite, limestone-pebble conglomerate, and finely crystallized locally cherty limestone (thickness ); and the Cowles Member, which is a light yellow gray to olive yellow cross-bedded silty calcarenite (thickness .

Fossils
The Manuelitas Member contains fossils of the foraminiferan Endothyra sp. of Meramecian (Visean) age.  The Macho, Turquillo, and Manuelitas Members contain microfossils characteristic of the Meramecian while the Cowles Member contains microfossils characteristic of the Chesterian (late Visean and Serpukhovian).

History of investigation
The formation was first defined by Baltz and Read in 1960. Armstrong and Mamet included it as the upper formation of their Arroyo Penasco Group in 1974 and added the Turquillo Member.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Limestone formations of the United States


title: Alamitos Formation

text:
The Alamitos Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian periods.

Description
The formation consists mostly of sandstone and conglomerate (50%) with lesser amounts of limestone (21%) and shale and siltstone (29%). The limestone tends to be more abundant in the upper third of the formation, though the formation shows considerable lateral variation.

The formation is underlain by the La Pasada Formation in the southwestern Sangre de Cristo Mountains with the contact placed at an abrupt transition from limestone to arkosic sandstone and conglomerate. In the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the underlying formation is the Porvenir Formation, while to the north the underlying formation is the Flechado Formation. The Alamitos Formation is overlain by the Sangre de Cristo Formation with the contact placed at the uppermost well-developed limestone bed.

Fossils
The formation contains fossils ranging in age from middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian) to early Wolfcampian (Asselian). These include the fusulinids Beedeina, Triticites, and Schwagerina. The formation also contains abraded fragments of crinoids and bryozoans.

History of investigation
The formation was first named by P.K. Sutherland in 1963, who considered it correlative with the upper part of the Madera Formation. However, in 2004, Kues and Giles recommended restricting the Madera Group to shelf and marginal basin beds of Desmoinean (upper Moscovian) to early Virgilian age, which excluded the Alamitos Formation. Lucas et al. also exclude the Alamitos Formation from the Madera Group.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Arroyo Penasco Group

text:
The Arroyo Penasco Group is a group of geological formations exposed in the Nacimiento, Jemez, Sandia, and Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico. It preserves fossils characteristic of the late Mississippian.

Description
The Arroyo Penasco Group consists of marine sedimentary formations, primarily massive limestone but with some sandstone. It is divided into the lower Espiritu Santo Formation and the upper Tererro Formation.

The lowermost part of the Espiritu Santo Formation is designated the Del Padre Member and is a transgressive siltstone, sandstone, and shale unit, which interfingers with the carbonate rocks of the upper Espiritu Santo Formation, recording the advance of the sea into the area. A similar sequence is seen in the Tererro Formation, whose base is a collapse breccia.

The group rests everywhere on Precambrian basement that shows remarkably little relief, suggesting that the group was deposited on a peneplain. Its outcrops are spotty and its upper contact shows indications of well-developed karst topography, often filled in by the iron-rich sediments of the Log Springs Formation, indicating that it was heavily eroded before deposition of the Sandia Formation.

The Espiritu Santo Formation has undergone dolomitization, dedolomitization, and calcitization of gypsum and the Macho Member (the lowest part of the Tererro Formation) has experienced dissolution and brecciation. Together with the presence of paleosilcretes in the Manuelitas Member, the middle part of the Tererro Formation, this suggests a history of at least four episodes of sea level fluctuation during the Mississippian in northern New Mexico. Diagenetic fabrics can be traced across the region, demonstrating that the group was deposited across an extensive surface of low relief.

Fossils
The fossil assemblage suggests an age of Osagean to Meramecian.

History of investigation
The massive limestone beds of the Arroyo Penasco Group were originally included as the base of the Pennsylvanian Sandia Formation. The discovery of Endothyra and Plectogyra in 1951 showed that the beds were actually Mississippian in age, and they were split off as the Arroyo Penasco Formation. The Arroyo Penasco was later found to correlate to the Espiritu Santo Formation and Tererro Formation in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and it was promoted to group rank.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Geologic groups of New Mexico
Limestone formations of the United States


title: Bursum Formation

text:
The Bursum Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Permian period.

Description
The Bursum Formation is primarily mudstone but with substantial limestone, particularly in its lower beds, with a thickness in excess of . It rests disconformably on the Atrasado Formation and grades into the overlying Abo Formation. It represents the transitional zone between the marine Madera Group and the continental Abo Formation.

The Red Tanks Member is composed mostly of variegated shale, mudstone, and siltstone of nonmarine origin, with some beds of marine limestone and shale forming six transgressive depositional sequences. Its type section is at Carrizo Arroyo (). It is also present at Abo Pass. The Bursum Formation has a more consistently marine character further south. The fact that the transgressive sequences are fewer in number than the cyclothems of the Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary in the North American mid-continent shows that tectonics had more influence on the development of this formation than glacial cycles.

Fossil content
Fossils found in the formation include the fusulinid Triticites from which its early Permian age is determined. The formation also preserves fossils of the forams Bradyina lucida and Eostaffella.  There are two Lagerstätten in the Red Tanks Member at Carrizo Arroyo that are of early Asselian age, while the recent definition of the base of the Permian as the first appearance of the conodont Streptognathus isolatus pushes the earliest part of the formation, and the associated North American Wolfcampian Stage back into the latest Pennsylvanian.

The Red Tanks Member also contains biogenic carbonate nodules (oncolites) at Cibola Spring () in a distinctive, widespread limestone horizon. These are unusual in being composed mostly of forams rather than cyanobacteria and are interpreted as having formed in a shelf environment below the euphotic zone or normal wave base but above the storm wave base.

History of investigation
The Bursum Formation was first defined by R.H. Wilpolt and coinvestigators in 1946 for exposures near the Bursum triangulation point in the northern Jornada del Muerto and in the Los Pinos Mountains. They assigned the formation to the (now-defunct) Magdalena Group. M.L. Thompson later redefined the formation as including all Permian beds older than the Abo Formation, characterizing these as transitional beds between the marine beds of the Madera Group and the Abo Formation. D.A. Myers assigned the formation to the Madera Group in 1972. In his revision of Pennsylvanian stratigraphy in New Mexico in 2001, Barry S. Kues retained this assignment, except in the Joyita Hills. He also correlated the formation with the Laborcita Formation and Red Tanks Formation (which he regarded as a separate formation).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Bibliography

Permian formations of New Mexico
Permian System of North America
Asselian
Limestone formations of the United States
Mudstone formations
Lacustrine deposits
Permian paleotropical deposits
Paleontology in New Mexico


title: Beth Mallard

text:
Beth Louise Mallard (born 5 August 1981) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She played for  and for Otago and Wellington. She was in the squad that won the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup.

Career

Mallard began her rugby career at Wellington Girls' College. She is the daughter of former Labour MP Trevor Mallard.

Mallard made her provincial debut for Otago in 1999 against Southland in Invercargill. She made her 50th appearance for Otago in 2010. She made her international debut for the Black Ferns on 4 September 2006 against Samoa at Edmonton.

In 2007, She was named in the Black Ferns squad that played Australia in a two test series. She featured in the two tests against England in 2009.

Mallard graduated with a doctorate in physiology in 2011 from the University of Otago.

References

External links
Black Ferns Profile

1981 births
Living people
New Zealand women's international rugby union players
New Zealand female rugby union players
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Otago alumni
Rugby union props


title: Caballero Formation

text:
The Caballero Formation is a geologic formation found in the highlands flanking the southern Rio Grande River valley in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Tournasian Age of the Carboniferous period.

Description
The Caballero Formation consists of nodular gray argillaceous limestone, which grades upward into nodular gray marl with shale lenses. It rests conformably on the Percha Shale and is overlain unconformably by the Lake Valley Limestone. The formation likely correlates with the Chouteau Limestone of the upper Mississippi valley.

Fossils
The formation is locally abundant in fossils of Tournasian age, with more than 200 marine invertebrate species reported. These include the ammonoids Pericyclus blairi, P. Cooperi P. costulatus, and Gattendorfia bransoni as well as Tournasian conodont and brachiopod faunas.  The fauna changes significantly from the westernmost to easternmost exposures of the formation.

History of investigation
The beds forming this unit were originally included in the Devonian Percha Shale, but were separated into their own formation by Laudon and Bowsher in 1941, when it was recognized that they are Mississippian in age.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Limestone formations of the United States


title: Avenida Pueyrredón

text:
Avenida Pueyrredón is an avenue that runs through Recoleta and Balvanera neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and goes from southwest to northeast, parallel Avenida 9 de Julio. It starts at Avenida Rivadavia, and ends at Avenida Figueroa Alcorta.

The Avenue stars at Avenida Rivadavia intersection front of Plaza Miserere and Once Railway Station.

The Buenos Aires Underground has numerous stations that serve Avenida Pueyrredón; stations Plaza Miserere on Line , Pueyrredón on Line , Pueyrredón on Line  and Once, Corrientes, Córdoba, Santa Fe and Las Heras on Line .

Gallery

Pueyrredon


title: El Cobre Canyon Formation

text:
The El Cobre Canyon Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian periods.

Description
The El Cobre Canyon Formation consists of siliciclastic red beds with a total thickness of roughly . These lie on Proterozoic basement and are in turn overlain by the Arroyo del Agua Formation. At its type section, the formation is 66% siltstone and 21% sandstone, with minor conglomerate (9%) sandy shale (2%), and calcrete (1%). The beds are pale reddish brown in color, and can readily be distinguished from the orange beds of the overlying Arroyo del Agua Formation. The siltstone beds contain many rhizoliths, while the sandstone beds are coarse grained, arkosic, and micaceous, with trough crossbedding. The sandstones form thick cliffs and benches. The conglomerates are composed mostly of fragments of basement rock.

The formation correlates with the Atrasado Formation and lower Abo Formation to the south.

Fossils
The El Cobre Canyon Formation contains some of the most extensive assemblages of early Permian fossil vertebrates in North America, which have been studied by numerous paleontologists from the 1870s onwards. S.W. Williston and E.C. Case determined in 1913 that the beds later assigned to the El Cobre Canyon Formation contained the  Pennsylvanian brachiopod Spirifer rockymontanus and assigned an early Permian age based on the vertebrate fossil assemblages. These were correlated to the lower part of the Wichita Group. Wann Langston Jr. confirmed these findings in 1953, describing in detail several vertebrate fossil localities, including fossil amphibians, at Arroyo del Agua, and assigning an early Permian age to the El Cobre Canyon vertebrate fossil assemblages.

The lowermost beds of the El Cobre Formation in the floor of El Cobre Canyon include Alethopteris flora and the vertebrates Desmatodon and Limnoscelis. These suggest a later Pennsylvanian age. Fossils higher in the formation, such as Zatrachys, Eryops, Bolosaurus, and others, are typical of faunachron A of Lucas in the early Permian. Chenoprosopus has also been found in the beds.

The fossil quarries near Loma Salazar provided the first specimens of eothyridid Oedaleops campi, the varanopid Aerosaurus wellesi, the diadectomorph Limnosceloides brachycoles, and the captorhinid Rhiodenticulatus heatoni. They also yielded an excellent skull specimen of Sphenacodon ferocior. Further excavation from 1985 on identified the rare dissorophid temnospondyl Ecolsonia cutlerensis, the diadectomorph Tseajaia cf. T. campi, the araeoscelid Zarcasaurus tanyderus, the seymouriamorph Seymouria sanjuanensis, the microsaur Stegotretus agyrus and the varanopid Eoscansor cobrensis.

History of investigation
The fossil beds of the Cutler Formation in the Chama Basin have been well studied for its fossil fauna since the Macomb expedition of 1858. David Baldwin collected from sites in the Arroyo del Agua area for five field seasons between 1877 and 1881, working first for O.C. Marsh and later for Marsh' bitter rival E.D. Cope. The Baldwin bonebed yielded the first Permian vertebrates discovered in New Mexico. However, Baldwin failed to elicit much interest from either Marsh or Cope.

The sites were periodically revisited beginning in 1911, when a field party from University of Chicago led by S.W. Williston reexamined Baldwin's quarry. They traced the fossil horizon southeast along Mesa Montosa (then known as Mesa Poleo) and discovered the Miller bone bed. This was followed up by field parties from University of California, Berkeley in 1928 led by C.L. Camp and V.L.VanderHoof, who each discovered new fossil quarries now bearing their names. Fossil excavations continued in 1934 and 1935, when the Welles, Anderson, and Quarry Butte quarries were discovered close to Loma Salazar. These yielded important pelycosaur fossils.

The final phase of collection began in 1979 and was carried out by joint field crews from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the University of Toronto. These discovered the Cardillo quarry near Loma Salazar and the Morfin bone bed on the southwest flank of Mesa Montosa. Collecting continued until the mid-1980s. From 2002 to 2004, a joint field crew from the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History reopened the Cardillo quarry and resumed excavation.

However, the lithology of the Cutler Formation in the Chama Basin  was long neglected. Darton mapped the Permian redbeds of the Chama Basin as Abo Formation in 1928. In 1946, Wood and Northrop mapped the Pennsylvanian-Permian red beds north of latitude 36 degrees as Cutler Formation and south of that latitude as Abo Formation. It was not until 2005 that the lithology of these beds was well enough characterized for it to be raised to group rank and divided into the lower El Cobre Canyon Formation and upper Arroyo del Agua Formation by Lucas and Krainer in 2005.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Permian formations of New Mexico
Paleontology in New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Flechado Formation

text:
The Flechado Formation is a geologic formation in the northern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early to middle Pennsylvanian.

Description
The Flechado Formation consists of low-feldspar sandstone and shale alternating with thin beds of limestone. The total thickness is .  It overlies the Tererro Formation and is overlain by the Alamitos Formation.  The formation is well to extremely well cemented in the type area, so that it can be difficult to distinguish from the Precambrian Ortega Formation.

The formation grades laterally into the La Pasada Formation to the south of the Rio Pueblo, with the clastic beds of the Flechado abruptly thinning and transitioning to carbonate beds of the La Pasada over a distance of about .

The terrigenous sediments of the Flechado Formation were likely derived from the southern part of Uncompahgre uplift during uplift on the west side of the Picuris-Pecos fault.

Fossils
Fossils are scarce in the upper portion of the Flechado Formation, but middle Desmoinesian (upper Moscovian) brachiopods are found about  below the top of the formation. Atokan (lower Moscovian) fusulinids and
brachiopods are found in the lower part, which also contains broken crinoid, bryozoan, and algal remains.

History of investigation
The formation was first described by P.K. Sutherland in 1963.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Gray Mesa Formation

text:
The Gray Mesa Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. Its fossil assemblage dates the formation to the Moscovian age of the Pennsylvanian.

The formation as presently defined includes outcrops previously assigned to many local units, including the Los Moyos Formation, the Armendaris Group, and the Nakaye Formation.

Description
The formation consists mostly of cherty limestone, with a few shale, sandstone, and conglomerate beds. It is exposed in the Sandia Mountains, the Lucero Uplift (), the western Jemez Mountains, and the Manzano Mountains.

The formation has been mapped as the Los Moyos Formation in the Manzano Mountains, but Spencer G. Lucas and coinvestigators have recommended abandoning the name Los Moyos Formation and using Grey Mesa Formation throughout the Madera Group. The Gray Mesa Formation likely correlates with the Porvenir Formation in the southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

The formation is underlain at most locations by the Sandia Formation, with its base typically placed at the first massive marine limestone bed above the shales of the Sandia Formation. It is overlain by the Atrasado Formation, with the contact placed at the base of a sandstone interval above the uppermost massive limestone of the Gray Mesa Formation.

Members
The lowermost Elephant Butte Member is about  thick and is 78% limestone, half of which contains minor amounts of chert, with indistinct medium to thick bedding. Limestone intervals are  thick and separated byh thin shale beds.

The middle Whiskey Canyon Member is about  thick and is 46% very cherty limestone and 15% slightly cherty limestone, with perhaps 35% shale. Limestone intervals are up to  thick and separated by shale beds that are , with one larger () shale interval in the middle of the member.

The uppermost Garcia Member is  and is 39% non-cherty limestone, 18% cherty limestone, and 7% shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, with the rest covered. Its base is a thin sandstone on top of an eroded limestone bed. Algal limestone is abundant. Limestone intervals are  thick and separated by shale beds that are .

Fossils
The Elephant Butte Member contains silicified fossils of the demosponge Chaetetes, brachiopods, solitary corals and fusulinids. The Whiskey Canyon Member contains crinoids, brachiopods, solitary corals, rare calcareous algae, and fusulinids. The Garcia Member contains crinoids, brachiopods, rare bryozoans,  fusulinids, calcareous algae, and oncoids.

History of investigation
The unit was first designated as the Gray Mesa Member of the Madera Group by Kelley and Wood in 1946.

The Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of New Mexico has historically been unusually complex and inconsistent, with dozens of names for groups, formations, and members. Kues and Giles recommended that the name Madera Group be applied to similar exposures of shelf and marginal basin beds of Desmoinean (upper Moscovian) to early Virgilian age found from north-central and central New Mexico south along the west side of the Orogrande Basin as far as the Caballo and Robledo Mountains. Lucas and coinvestigators recommend discarding the name Los Moyos Formation and using Grey Mesa Formation throughout the Madera Group. With the Elephant Butte, Whiskey Canyon, and Garcia Formations redesignated as members of the Gray Mesa Formation, the Armendaris Group is abandoned as a synonym for the Gray Mesa Formation. The Nakaye Formation of the Fra Cristobal and Caballo Mountains is also abandoned as a synonym for the Gray Mesa Formation.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Permian System of North America
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Limestone formations of the United States


title: Berino Formation

text:
The Berino Formation is a geologic formation in the Franklin Mountains of southern New Mexico and western Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Pennsylvanian.

Description
The unit consists mostly of fossiliferous limestone with some interbedded shale. The shale is more abundant in the base of the formation, and the formation as a whole appears brown banded in outcrop. Beds are typically about  thick, with a prominent massive limestone bed  thick capping the formation. The total thickness is . The unit lies on the La Tuna Formation and is overlain by the Bishop Cap Formation.

The formation is interpreted as resulting from deposition of rhythmically alternating lime and clay in a shallow marine environment.

Fossils
The Berino Formation contains abundant fossils, including ichnofossils. These include the fusulinid Fusulinella euryteines and brachiopods, corals, and bryozoa. Fragments of petrified wood are found at the base of the formation and are interpreted as remnants of tree trunks carried out to sea.

History of investigation
The unit was designated the Berino Member of the Magdalena Group by L.A. Nelson in 1937. Kues and Giles recommended discarding the Magdalena Group and raising the unit to formation rank in 2004.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Holder Formation

text:
The Holder Formation is a geologic formation in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian.

Description
The Holder Formation consists of limestone, red and gray calcareous shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. The maximum thickness is . The formation overlies the Beeman Formation and is overlain by the Laborcita Formation.

The formation is interpreted as a shallow-shelf marine formation of Virgilian (latest Pennsylvanian) age during a global ice age.

Fossils
Bioherms are present at the base of the formation. These are up to  thick. They are composed of uncalcified cup-shaped phylloid (leaf-like) algae surrounded by masses of beresellid algae.

History of investigation
The unit was first named by Lloyd C. Pray in 1954 and a type section was designated in 1959. Pray originally assigned the formation to the Magdalena Group, but the Magdalena Group has subsequently been abandoned.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Carboniferous formations of New Mexico
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Jajiyah

text:
al-Jajiyah () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jajiyah had a population of 6,419 in the 2004 census. Its residents are predominantly ethnic Syrian Turkmens.

References

Populated places in Hama District
Turkmen settlements in Hama Governorate


title: Atarque Sandstone

text:
The Atarque Sandstone is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation consists of very fine to fine buff fossiliferous sandstone with a maximum thickness of . The beds are flat, massive and have low-angle crossbedding. The formation intertongues with the underlying Rio Salado Tongue of the Mancos Shale and is overlain by either the Carthage Member of the Tres Hermanos Formation or the Moreno Hill Formation. It was deposited during the early to middle Turonian Age of the late Cretaceous.

The formation is interpreted as a coastal barrier sandstone deposited by a regression of the Western Interior Seaway to the northeast.

Fossils
The formation contains fossil pelecypods and plesiosaur vertebra. It also contains fossils of the ammonite Spathites rioensis characteristic of the middle Turonian.

History of investigation
The unit was first defined as the Atarque Member of the Mesaverde Formation by W.S. Pike in 1947. Pike assigned the lowermost  of the Mesaverde in the San Juan Basin to the unit. S.C. Hook and coinvestigators revised the Cretaceous stratigraphy of the San Juan and Zuni basins in 1983 and assigned both Pike's Atarque Member and beds in the Zuni Basin assigned to the lower Gallup Sandstone to the Tres Hermanos Formation. The Atarque Member was redefined as the lower sandstone beds of the Tres Hermanos Formation. Simultaneously, M.W. McLellan and coinvestigators raised the Atarque to formation rank as the Atarque Sandstone in the Salt Lake coal field of west-central New Mexico.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Sandstone formations of the United States
Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Del Norte Formation

text:
The Del Norte Formation is a geologic formation in Mexico, New Mexico and Texas near the city of El Paso. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation is divided into two informal members. The lower member is mostly calcareous shale with some interbedded fine sandstone and nodular limestone, while the upper member is fossiliferous medium-gray limestone interbedded with tan shale. The two sections are  and  thick. The formation lies conformably on the Finlay Limestone and is conformably overlain by the Smeltertown Formation. The base of the formation is a prominent  ferruginous sandstone bed that is in sharp contact with the limy mudstone of the underlying Finlay Limestone.

Fossils
The formation contains fossils characteristic of the Albian age. These include bivalves such as grapheids, exogyrids, pectens, and oysters; gastropods; spatangoid echinoderms; ammonoids; corals; sponges; and serpulid worms. Small fossils include dasycladacean algae, ostracods, foraminiferans, echinoderms, and serpulids. Ammonites are present that are characteristic of the Albian.

History of investigation
The formation was first defined by W.S. Strain in 1976, who named it after the Rio Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Limestone formations of the United States
Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Finlay Limestone

text:
The Finlay Limestone is a geologic formation in western Texas, southern New Mexico, and northern Chihuahua. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation is composed of massive gray limestone with a few thin beds of brown sandstone, with a total thickness of . It is exposed in the Finlay Mountains (), the Sierra de Juarez, and the Cerro de Cristo Rey uplift (). The formation overlies the Cox Sandstone and is overlain by the Del Norte Formation.

Fossils
The formation is highly fossiliferous, containing fossils characteristic of early Cretaceous Albian and Comanchean age.

Economic resources
The formation includes carbonate replacement deposits of lead, zinc, and silver in northern Mexico, along the Chihuahua CRD belt.

History of investigation
The formation was first defined by G.B. Richardson in 1904 and assigned to the Fredericksburg Group.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Gallup Sandstone

text:
The Gallup Sandstone is a geologic formation in the Gallup-Zuni basin of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation consists of uniform, very well sorted, fine-grained pink to buff sandstone with lesser amounts of shale and siltstone. It has a total thickness of . The sandstone is highly bioturbated and in some place shows ripple marks and low-angle crossbedding. It overlies and intertongues with the Mancos Shale and is overlain and intertongues with the Crevasse Canyon Formation. The formation has few faunal fossils, but the age is likely late Turonian to early Coniacian.

The formation is interpreted as an offshore marine transgression-regression sequence.

History of investigation
The unit was first defined by J.D. Sears in 1925 as the Gallup Sandstone Member of the Mesaverde Formation and named after Gallup, New Mexico, which is built partially on its uppermost bed. Sears originally defined the Gallup Sandstone as the three sandstone beds, separated by shale and coal beds, forming cliffs and hogbacks in the Gallup area Pike first observed in 1947 that the member intertongues with the Mancos Shale (Pescado Tongue). Allen and Balk raised the Mesaverde Formation to group rank in 1954, which also raised the Gallup Sandstone to formation rank. The unit has since undergone repeated revisions, with the most recent revision by Nummedal and Molenaar in 1995 removing the fluvial Torrivio Member and restricting the formation to the basal  of marine sandstone of the Mesaverde Group.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Mesilla Valley Shale

text:
The Mesilla Valley Shale is a geologic formation in southern New Mexico, northern Chihuahua, and far west Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Albian age of the early Cretaceous period.

The formation is particularly well exposed at Cerro de Cristo Rey, near El Paso, Texas, where it is part of a thick sequence of uplifted Cretaceous beds that record transgressions (advances of the sea onto land) and regressions (retreats of the sea from the land) of the Western Interior Seaway during the mid-Cretaceous.

Description
The formation consists mostly of dark green to olive clay shale with some thin siltstone beds and highly fossiliferous calcareous beds. It lies conformably on the Muleros Formation and is conformably overlain by the Mojado Formation. Total thickness is .

Lucas and his coinvestigators divide the formation into three informal members and interpret the lower two as a complete secondary deposition cycle and the upper as the base of the next deposition cycle. The formation was deposited on the upper to middle continental shelf.

Fossils
The formation contains at least 20 genera and 23 species of fossils. These include the molluscs Lima wacoensis Roemer, Lima mexicana Bose, Pecten texanus var. elongatus Bose, Pecten subalpinus Bose, Plicatula incongrua Conrad, Ostrea quadriplicata (Shumard), Texigryphaea washitaensis. Trigonia emery Conrad, Helicocryptus mexicanus Bose, and Turritella granulata Sowerby var. cenomanensis d'Orbigny and the echinoderm Heteraster bravoensis (Bose). These are characteristic of the Albian. The formation also contains ammonoids, brachiopods, foraminiferans (especially Cribratina texana), dinoflagellates, serpulid worms, corals, ostracods, calcareous algae, and some terrestrial plant fragments.

The formation also contains invertebrate trace fossils (ichnofossils), which are tracks or burrows left in the sediments. These include Ancorichnus, Arenicolites, Bergueria, Bichordites, Cardioichnus, Chondrites,
Cochlichnus, Coprulus, Gordia, Helicodromites, Lockeia, Ophiomorpha, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Protovirgularia, Rhizocorallium, Skolithos, Spongeliomorpha, Taenidium, Thalassinoides, Treptichnus, and a biofilm, Rugalichnus. This diversity of trace fossils was preserved in storm deposits (tempestites) below the wave base. All are typical of the Albian, and the presence of Chondrites and other trace fossils characteristic of low oxygen conditions indicate that the trace fossils were left during an ocean anoxic event, dated to 100.6-100.2 Ma.

History of investigation
The beds making up the formation were first described by E. Bose in 1906 as subdivision 6 of his stratigraphic section. W.S. Strain assigned the name Mesilla Valley Shale to this subdivision in 1976.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Shale formations of the United States
Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Mojado Formation

text:
The Mojado Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation consists mostly of sandstone and shale, with some limestone, and siltstone. It rests conformably on the U-Bar Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Cowboy Spring Formation.The total thickness is .

Lucas and his coinvestigators assigned the formation to the Bisbee Group and divided it into the Fryingpan Spring, Sarten, Beartooth, and Rattlesnake Ridge members.

The Fryingpan Spring Member is interpreted as continental deltaic sedimentation. The Sarten Member is fluvial while the Rattlesnake Ridge Member represents a return to shallow marine conditions.

Fossils
The formation contains fossil mollusks such as gastropods, ammonites, and pelecypod, foraminifera, and scaphopods. These date the formation to the late Albian.

History of investigation
The formation name was first used by Zeller in 1962, but he did not formally name the formation until 1965. In 1998, Lucas and coinvestigators assigned the formation to the Bisbee Group and divided it into the Fryingpan Spring, Sarten, Beartooth, and Rattlesnake Ridge members. However, Lawton abandoned the Beartooth Member in 2004.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Muleros Formation

text:
The Muleros Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico, which is particularly well exposed at Cerro de Cristo Rey near El Paso, Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.

Descriptiom
The formation consists of highly fossiliferous nodular argillaceous (clay-rich) limestone at its base and in its upper portion, with shale dominating the middle section and interbedding with the limestone towards the top of the formation. Total thickness is . The formation conformably overlies the Smeltertown Formation and grades into the overlying Mesilla Valley Formation.

The formation is interpreted as an outer shelf formation that later experienced shallowing and deposition of limestone in an inner shelf environment subject to storm influence, then deepened again to deposit shale with some storm layers.

Fossils
The formation contains at least 20 genera and 23 species of fossils. These include the molluscs Lima wacoensis Roemer, Lima mexicana Bose, Pecten texanus var. elongatus Bose, Pecten subalpinus Bose, Plicatula incongrua Conrad, Ostrea quadriplicata (Shumard), Texigryphaea washitaensis. Trigonia emery Conrad, Helicocryptus mexicanus Bose, and Turritella granulata Sowerby var. cenomanensis d'Orbigny and the echinoderm Heteraster bravoensis (Bose). These are characteristic of the Albian age. The formation is highly fossiliferous, with some beds consisting almost entirely of fossils of the oyster Texigryphaea washitaensis.

History of investigation
The beds making up the formation were first described by E. Bose in 1906 as subdivision 5 of his stratigraphic section. W.S. Strain assigned the name Muleros Formation to this subdivision in 1976.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Smeltertown Formation

text:
The Smeltertown Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico, which is particularly well exposed at Cerro de Cristo Rey near El Paso, Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the early Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation consists of gray shale with some interbedded siltstone and silty limestone, with some fine grained sandstone towards the top of the formation. The total thickness is . It rests conformably on the Del Norte Formation and is conformably overlain by the Muleros Formation.

Fossils
Fossils are uncommon in the formation. However, the rare nautiloid Cymatoceras cf. C. Loeblichi Miller and Harris has been recovered from the formation, as have fossil ophiuroids (brittle stars). The formation is also the type location for the bryozoan Reptomulticava texana. The distribution of foram fossils in the formation (planktonic species more common towards the bottom and benthic species more common towards the top) suggests that the sea in the area was shallowing during deposition of the formation.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Tucumcari Formation

text:
The Tucumcari Formation is a geologic formation in New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Albian Age of the early Cretaceous period.

Description
The formation consists of highly fossiliferous gray shale and buff calcareous sandstone with some limestone nodules. It overlies the Morrison Formation and is overlain by the Mesa Rica Sandstone.

The formation is interpreted as marine shales deposited during the Kiowa-Skull Creek transgression. It is likely the lateral equivalent of the Glencairn Formation.

Fossils
More than 65 marine invertebrate species have been found in the Tucumcari Shale. The macrofossils are mostly bivalves, with some gastropods and ammonoids. Microfossils include ostracods, foraminiferans, and palynomorphs. Species found in the formation include the solitary corals Desmophyllum and Platycyathus, the bivalves Scabrotrigonia, Pteria, Texigryphaea, Botula, and Lopha, and gastropod Turritella. The shells show borings from clionid sponges and acrothoracic barnacles.

History of investigation
The unit was first described by Jules Marcou in 1858 as Bed E of the Pyramid Mountain section. In 1892, W.F. Cummins described the Jurassic and Cretaceous section at Tucumcari Mountain as the "Tucumcari beds". Dobrovsky and Summerson assigned the unit to the Purgatoire Formation as the Tucumcari Shale Member in 1947. Griggs and Read abandoned the Purgatoire Formation in southeastern New Mexico and raised the Tucumcari Shale to formation rank in 1959.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Brinner

text:
Brinner Henrique Santos Souza (born 16 July 1987), simply known as Brinner, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Thai League 1 club Uthai Thani as a centre back.

Club career
Born in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brinner only played amateur football well into his 20s. In June 2011, he joined Paraná, and after appearing regularly for the side he moved to Botafogo in December, by agreeing to a four-year deal. In June 2016, he joined Bandırmaspor

After suffering an injury during the campaign, Brinner was loaned to Bahia in January 2013. However, he was deemed surplus to requirements and returned to Bota in April. Late in the month Brinner returned to his former club Paraná.

On 6 July 2014, Brinner joined Portuguesa also in a temporary deal. After appearing regularly he moved to Macaé Esporte, newly promoted to the second level, on 22 December.

Honours

Club
Chiangrai United
Thai League 1 (1): 2019
 Thai FA Cup (1): 2020–21
Thailand Champions Cup (1): 2020

Individual
Thai League 1 Player of the Month (1): August 2019

References

External links

 Brinner at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)

1987 births
Living people
People from Lavras
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football utility players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
São Raimundo Esporte Clube (AM) footballers
Tupi Football Club players
Paraná Clube players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube players
Tupynambás Futebol Clube players
Thai League 1 players
Ubon United F.C. players
Chiangrai United F.C. players
Lampang F.C. players
Footballers from Minas Gerais


title: Contadero Formation

text:
The Contadero Formation is a geologic formation in the San Andres Mountains of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Devonian period.

Description
The formation consists of limestone, shale, and siltstone. The total thickness is  at the type section. It overlies the Sly Gap Formation and underlies the Lake Valley Limestone.

The formation is divided into three members (in ascending stratigraphic order): the Salinas Peak Member, the Thurgood Member, and the Rhodes Canyon Member.

The formation is thought to correlate with the lower Percha Shale.

Fossils
The formation contains brachiopods and horn corals, with 20 genera and 24 species of brachiopods identified. These are characteristic of the late Frasnian.

History of investigation
The formation was first defined by Frank V. Stevenson in 1945 for exposures at Rhodes Canyon in the San Andres Mountains. While revising New Mexico Devonian stratigraphy in 1984, Souraf assigned all Devonian beds above the Sly Gap Formation to the Conadero Formation, including beds previously assigned to the Thoroughgood and Rhodes Canyon Formations, which were reduced to member rank within the Conadero Formation. Souraf also designed a new Salinas Peak Member and changed the spelling of Thoroughgood to Thurgood.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Devonian formations of New Mexico
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Onate Formation

text:
The Onate Formation is a geologic formation that is exposed in most of the highlands of south-central New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Devonian period.

Description
At the type section, the Onate Formation consists of about  of orange yellow-weathering dolomitic siltstone with shales and sandstone. Elsewhere the thickness is more typically . The base of the formation is a profound regional unconformity, so that the formation rest on either the Fusselman Formation or the Montoya Group. It is overlain by the Sly Gap Formation and thins to the north and south.

The formation is interpreted as having been deposited on a shallow shelf environment deepening to a euxenic basin to the south.

Fossils
The formation contains the fossil brachiopod Spirifer acuminatu, as well as crinoids and bryozoans. The brachiopod assemblage includes 34 genera and 41 species. Conodonts are rare but a few tabulate corals, ichnofossils, and the receptaculid Sphaerospongia is present. The receptaculids provided a solid substrate for colonization by the rugose coral Tabulophyllum traversensis. The fossil assemblage gives an age of late Givetian. The formation is highly bioturbated.

History of investigation
The beds assigned to the formation were previously correlated with the Canutillo Formation of west Texas. However, F.V. Stevenson questioned the correlation, and designated a new Onate Formation including the beds in 1945. In 1985, G.A. Cooper and J.T. Dutro, Jr., conducted the first thorough study of the fossil assemblage of the formation. The fossils were further characterized by James E. Souraf in 1987.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Devonian formations of New Mexico
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Sly Gap Formation

text:
The Sly Gap Formation is a geologic formation in south-central New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Frasnian Age of the late Devonian period.

Description
The formation consists of about  of brown, yellow, or gray limestone and siltstone and brown to greenish-gray shale. It disconformably overlies the Onate Formation and is overlain by the Percha Formation or the Contadero Formation. It pinches out in the west in the Basin and Range province.

Fossils
The formation includes crinoidal siltstone beds and many other beds are fossiliferous, bearing crinoid, brachiopod, bryozoan, anthozoan, cephalopod, gastropod, fish, and coral remains.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Devonian formations of New Mexico
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Alpine Club of Pakistan

text:
The Alpine Club of Pakistan (ACP) is a non governmental sports organisation for the promotion of mountaineering, climbing and other mountain-related adventure activities in Pakistan. In addition to this, the club serves as the national sports governing body for the sport of mountaineering and climbing in Pakistan.

History
The club was founded in 1974, and has its head office at the Jinnah Sports Stadium in Islamabad. Since 1977, the Club has trained a large number of its members, armed forces personnel, locals, liaisons and ladies in rock and ice climbing, mountaineering, and other mountain tourism related activities at its training institute at Nilt in Gilgit Baltistan.

Affiliations
The club is affiliated with:
 International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation
 International Federation of Sport Climbing
 Union of Asian Alpine Associations
 Pakistan Sports Board

Presidents

Secretaries

References

External links
 Official Website

Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
Mountaineering in Pakistan
Climbing organizations
Alpine clubs
1974 establishments in Pakistan
Sports organizations established in 1974


title: Jarjara

text:
Jarjara () is a Syrian village located in the Hama Subdistrict of Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jarjara had a population of 772 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Jinan, Hama

text:
Jinan () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jinan had a population of 3,860 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Todilto Formation

text:
The Todilto Formation is a geologic formation in northern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Callovian stage of the middle Jurassic period.

Description

The formation consists of evaporites. It is divided into a lower calcareous shale (the Luciano Mesa Member) up to  thick, and an upper gypsum bed (the Tonque Arroyo Member).

Based on varve counts in the Luciano Mesa Member, the formation was laid down in a geologically brief period of time, likely in a salina (a coastal body of saline water) that was replenished both by rivers and by seepage or periodic flooding from the Sundance Sea. The varves show a 10 to 13 year periodicity that is interpreted as the solar sunspot cycle, showing that this cycle has existed for at least 160 million years. The contact with the underlying Entrada Formation is very sharp and may indicate the Todilto Sea formed catastrophically from a breach in a barrier between the basin and the Sundance Sea. The presence of dasyclad algae in the Luciano Mesa Member indicates at least some marine flooding.

Fossils
Dasyclad algae have been found in the Luciano Mesa Member. Evidence has been found for stromatolites in the formation near Mesa Montañosa .

Economic resources
The formation is mined for gypsum in the northern Albuquerque Basin, including along the La Bajada escarpment south of I-25, near San Felipe Pueblo, and at White Mesa near San Ysidro. It has also yielded uranium ore.

History of investigation
The formation was first described by H.E. Gregory in 1917 for exposures at Todilto Park in the San Juan Basin. He assigned it to his (now defunct) La Plata Group. It has sometimes been included in the Morrison Formation.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Jurassic formations of New Mexico
Callovian Stage


title: Jibrin

text:
For people with the surname, see Jibrin (surname).

Jibrin () is a Syrian village and suburb of Hama, located in the Hama Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jibrin had a population of 3,991 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Palomas Formation

text:
The Palomas Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the southern Rio Grande rift of New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pliocene  to Quaternary.

Description
The formation is composed of beds of poorly cemented conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone, with a total thickness of . The formation is better cemented to the west, where it resembles the Gila Formation.  The conglomerate is gray to brown, poorly to moderately sorted, and contains clasts of tuff, basalt, rhyolite, and andesite up to  long. The siltstone is well-sorted and trough-crossbedded. The formation may correlate with the Sierra Ladrones Formation to the north and the Camp Rice Formation to the south. The age is estimated as 5 million years (Ma) to 0.4 Ma.

The formation includes both piedmont and axial river facies. The piedmont facies represents alluvial fans and other sediments deposited at the feet of the mountains surrounding the original depositional basin. The axial river facies represents deposition near the main channel of the ancestral Rio Grande River.

The lower part of the formation contains two nested paleovalleys near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, recording climate fluctuations that incised and then backfilled the valleys. The first was incised and backfilled between 5.1 and 4.87 Ma, while the second dates to 4.87 to 4.5 Ma. The lack of axial river facies in the Palomas Formation between the Palomas and Mesilla Basins may be due to confinement of flow to narrow paleovalleys in this area.

Fossils
The lower part of the formation contains fossil mammals and reptiles, including turtles, lizards, snakes, rabbits, rats, gophers, mastodons, horses, and deer. Paleomagnetic dating gives an age for this bed of 4.05 to 4.20 Ma.

History of investigation
The unit was first named the Palomas Gravel by C.H. Gordon in 1907. It was renamed the Palomas Formation and assigned to the upper Santa Fe Group by Lozinsky and Hawley in 1986. However, Reppening and May regard it as post-Santa Fe.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
 Paleontology in New Mexico

Footnotes

References

Neogene formations of New Mexico