title: Royal Fortress of the Concepcion

text:
The fortress of Real Fuerte de la Concepción (English: Royal Fortress of the Conception) is a star fortress built in the Vaubanesque style. It is located  west of the village of Aldea del Obispo in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. The fortress was constructed there because of its position of great strategic significance due to its proximity to the border between Spain and Portugal which lies  to the west of the fortress. The Fortress of the Concepcion is also opposite the Portuguese castle fortress of Almeida which lies  west-north-west of the fortress. In 2006, the derelict fortress was sold privately and the site was renovated into a luxury hotel which opened in 2012.

History
In 1640, following the death of Philip II,  the conflict known as the Portuguese Restoration War began. The new Spanish King, Philip III of Spain, intended to make Portugal a Spanish province, and Portuguese nobles stood to lose all of their power. As a consequence the Portuguese restored their independence from Spain. On the 1 December 1640, following a military coup the Duke of Braganza was proclaimed king of Portugal and became John IV. The Spanish King began to make plans to recover the throne of Portugal and part of these plans was the strengthening of fortifications along the border along with the construction of new fortresses along the border of the two countries. The area of the border between the River Côa and the River Águeda became a buffer zone between the two kingdoms. The Fortress of the Concepcion was one of the new fortresses constructed by order of the Duke of Osuna, commander of the Spanish Army and was located in this area to serve as a military station for the Spanish army to recover Portugal.

Construction
The construction of the fortress was under the control of the French military engineer Simon Jocquet and work began on the 8 December 1663, the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, hence the name given to the new fortress. The first phase of construction was completed on the 20th of January 1664 taking just 40 days. This first phase saw construction around a large central courtyard with Pentagon bastions in each corner, reinforced by earthworks around the perimeter, bundles of brushwood fascine's and filled baskets of wicker woven around stakes in circles, to form Redoubts. The fort was garrisoned by 1,500 infantrymen and 200 cavalrymen.

1664 De-commissioning
On the 7th of July 1664 the Spanish and Portuguese forces clashed at the Battle of Castelo Rodrigo. Following the initial success of the Spanish army, the Portuguese sent a reinforcement of 3,000 men under the leadership of Viscount of Fonte Arcada. The Portuguese counter-attack proved decisive. Many prisoners were taken and all the artillery pieces captured. It is told that Osuna and John of Austria the Younger, escaped from Castelo Rodrigo disguised as monks. Following Osuna's fall from grace Philip III of Spain took over control of the army and ordered the partial demolition of Fort Concepcion, which had been operational for less than a year. What remained was still occasionally used as a base for Spanish troops in the border area.

1735 Re-construction
In 1668 the Spanish officially recognised the independence of the Portuguese kingdom but the border zone was regarded with suspicion by both countries. The following decades saw the Portuguese improving the fortified strongholds at Olivenza then part of Portugal, Elvas, Valença do Minho and Almeida and in reaction to these border fortification enhancements, the Spanish instigated works on a line of fortifications on their side of the border. Following the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty with the reign of Philip V, the First Ministers José Patiño ordered the re-construction and enhancement of Fort Concepcion. The works on the new structure were built using much of the previous fortress's footprint. In charge of the construction was the military engineer Pedro Moreau in collaboration with the architect and sculptor Manuel Lara Churriguera. Work began in May, 1736. Moreau's work was taken over by Antonio de Gaver and Juan Giraldo de Chaves on several occasions when he was called away to work on the fortifications at Oran in Algeria, and Cádiz. The Fortress was completed in 1758, just before war erupted once more in 1762 between the Spanish and British. During this War the Spanish invaded Portugal, using Concepcion as Cantonment, but the area around the fortress remained quiet and, when hostilities ended in 1763, not a shot had been fired in anger, from or towards the fortress.

The Peninsular War
The Peninsular War started when French and Spanish armies occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain. As a consequence, the Fortress of Concepcion fell into the control of the French forces. On the 24th of May, 1808 French troops under the command of General Louis Henri Loison marched on the Fortress of Almeida.

French occupation
By the 12th of June, Loison had turned his attention to the Fortress of Concepcion. The French column informed the fort's Governor that they had arrived to relieve the garrison. Fearing the behaviour of the French column, the Governor and his garrison quickly abandoned the fort to the French, escaping their clutches by slipping out the fort's postern gate. Loison now occupied both Concepcion and the Fortress of Almeida. By the 16th of June, Loison had received orders to march on the city of Porto to suppress an insurrection by the Portuguese against the French occupation. Loison set out and on reaching the town of Mesão Frio  northwest of Almeida, his troops were stopped by Portuguese insurgents. On retreating to Almeida, Loison received a fresh dispatch from General Junot, ordering him to march on Lisbon which was threatening insurrection. Before leaving Almeida, Loison arranged to have the cannons and garrison of Fort Concepcion moved to Almeida and to have the northernmost bastions of the fortress blown up in the hope of rendering the fortress useless if it fell into the enemies' hands.

French withdrawal
On the 30th of August, 1808 the Convention of Sintra was signed by General Junot, under whose terms  the French Army, all its equipment and all its baggage were to be evacuated from Portugal and eastern Spain by the British Navy, from Porto, as soon as possible. By October British Forces had re-occupied the fortress of Concepcion and the fortress of Almeida. Despite the retreat of General Sir John Moore to A Coruña in January, 1809 the fortress remained in the hands of the Portuguese and British.

1810
Unable to resume command personally, Napoleon appointed his most dependable Marshal, Masséna to take charge of the Army of Portugal in April,1810. This army of three corps had a total of 65,000 men, with a further reinforcement of 20,000 troops promised once they were ready. By May, 1810 Wellington's forces were becoming stronger as supplies and manpower increased. Wellington's espionage network had informed him of Masséna's appointment and a French lieutenant who had deserted to one of Craufurd's pickets revealed that the French had moved 80,000 troops to the province and where preparing to invade Portugal once more. Wellington's response to an impending invasion of Portugal from Ciudad Rodrigo was to strengthen his defences in the border region. He ordered the refortifying of the Fortress of the Concepcion, and repair to the fort's partially destroyed bastions, which had been blown up by the French in their 1808 retreat.

Brigadier General William Cox, the military governor of Almeida was in charge of the works. He attempted to enlist Spanish labourers to do the work but was unsuccessful, and he was forced to use soldiers of the Portuguese 9th Line to complete the work. The rebuilding were overseen by Captain John Burgoyne of Corps of Royal Engineers. As well as the Portuguese soldiers, Burgoyne also had a small collection of skilled Portuguese stonemasons and carpenters at his disposal. The workforce set about clearing all the debris in the surrounding ditches caused by the French demolitions, and palisades were erected. Repairs were also made to the bastions at the north end of the fortress. The bridge into the fortress was repaired along with the drawbridge, covered walkways and gates. Burgoyne was also ordered to sink mines into the two previously undamaged formidable bastions. Six tons of gunpowder were piled in barrels in each of the four demilunes, and more barrels of powder were stacked in the casemates of the adjoining curtain walls to the four bastions. Further explosives were placed in the central arch of the fort's redoubt and the casemates and blockhouse to the south east of the fortress were packed with a total of three tons of powder. The strategy behind these set charges was that, if the fortress was likely to fall into the hands of the French, the retreating garrison would ignite the charges, destroying the fortress and preventing the French from using Concepcion as a base to attack Almeida.

Once the fortifications had been repaired, Brigadier Cox kept the Portuguese 9th Line, along with 120 artillerymen sent from Almeida, to garrison the fortress. He was also sent two howitzers, four six-pounder guns and four eight-pounder guns. With the hardware, he also received 12,000 rations, 10,000 rounds of infantry ammunition and 100 rounds for each piece of artillery supplied. Cox also stationed four companies of the 45th Foot which were divided between the two nearby villages of Aldea del Obispo and Vale da Mula. These troops would quickly reinforce the fortress if it came under attack.

Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo

On the 26 April 1810 the French Army of Portugal took up position to besiege the Spanish fortified town of Ciudad Rodrigo as a prelude to its invasion of Portugal. Under Masséna's plan, his forces were to capture and consolidate this border town as a base for the invading army. On the 25th of June a concerned Wellington decided to visit the fortified town of Almeida. He held discussions with Brigadier-General Cox, the governor of the fortress, and toured the local picket posts and positions along the border manned by Crauford's Light Division. He also visited the fortress of the Concepcion, inspecting the repairs and preparations made by Captain Burgoyne. After his tour of inspection, Wellington returned to Almeida and wrote a memo to Crauford suggesting modifications and improvements which he should make. Along with these recommendations were suggestions of the way a tactical withdraw should proceed, when, as Wellington expected, the French attacked the border. The Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo ended on the 9th of July when the French VI Corps, under the command of Marshal Michel Ney, took the fortified city after its Governor, Don Andrés Perez de Herrasti, surrendered his 5,500-man Spanish garrison, which had put up a gallant defence of the city to be beaten only when Ney's artillery opened a large, practicable breach in the walls. The siege had delayed Masséna's invasion plans for Portugal by over a month, but now the French were ready to move west towards Almeida, with the Fort of Concepcion lying in their path.

The capture and destruction of the Fort of Concepcion
Even before the fall of Ciudad Rodrigo, the French had probed the defending British pickets to the west of the city, towards the border. On the 4th of July, General Junot had accompanied General Sainte-Croix on a reconnaissance of the area. Following several skirmishes and actions Junot had reconnoitred the fortress of Concepcion, after which he temporarily withdrew his forces to Ciudad Rodrigo. Wellington's strategy now instructed Burgoyne to prepare to evacuate the fortress and to demolish it with his prepared charges. By the 4th of July, the Portuguese 9th line, Portuguese Artillery battery and the four companies of the 45th foot had withdrawn to Picton's Division near the town of Pinhel. At the fortress the three companies of Portuguese Caçadores who had been left on picket duty were replaced with horseman of the 14th Light Dragoons, and two companies of the 95th Rifles, who were tasked with guarding the fortress and setting off the mines as they left.

In the early hours of the morning of the 21st of July, Loison's 25th Dragoons, 3rd Hussars and supporting infantry crossed the Dos Casas stream and rapidly proceeded up the hillside from Aldea del Obispo towards the Fortress of Concepcion. In front of them, in full retreat were the 14th Light Dragoons. Captain Brotherton sent one of his officers ahead of the retreat to inform Burgoyne that his Light Dragoons were retreating and that time was short before the French would be on the fortress. Brotherton was able to delay the French long enough for Burgoyne's mines to be fired. At 4:45 am, a large explosion hurled debris from the fortress's masonry across the surrounding countryside. A number of men and horses of the dragoons were caught and killed in the explosion. Burgoyne reported that one side of the fortress had blown up, although he was unable to ascertain the extent of damage because the British had had to evacuate so rapidly. The Fortress had been severely damaged but the French, who now took possession, discovered that only one of the four mines had detonated. There had been several other smaller explosions and the fortress's defences had been seriously compromised.

The second French occupation
Following the explosions, Loison, under Ney's orders took possession of Concepcion and its surrounding plateau for the second time. The French now would use Concepcion's close proximity to the Fortress of Almeida as a base for the organisation of the Investment of the Fortress. There now began a period of activity which involved preparation for Concepcion to be the Headquarters for Marshal Masséna. The men of Masséna État-major (Staff) moved into some of the remaining bomb proof casemates along with their horses. Masséna's first aide-de-camp, Pelet also took up residence in a casemate. With this influx of staff and men into the fortress came some new resources, including four baking ovens along with many bakers. Three companies of Taupin's infantry provided the garrison. The French army laid siege to Almeida on July 25, 1810. On the 16th of August, Masséna took up residence in the old Governor's quarters to oversee operations personally. However Masséna's stay at Concepcion was short. By the 26 August the Siege of Almeida was over. Masséna's Army of Portugal swiftly took over Almeida and then moved on towards Lisbon. Wellington's tactics of delaying Masséna along the borderlands close to Concepcion and his tactical withdrawal from the border fortresses had given him time to strengthen the Lines of Torres Vedras, which Masséna decided were too formidable to overrun, leading to the eventual French withdrawal from Portugal in 1811.

Second French withdrawal
By October Masséna's army was at the Lines of Torres Vedras, which proved to be the obstacle that stopped the French from taking Lisbon. Wellington's Allied Army grew stronger, with reinforcements of troops, supplies and equipment from Britain arriving daily. The Portuguese army was now well trained and its numbers had increased. Napoleon, despite requests from Masséna, had only sent a further 7,000 troops to reinforce the Army of Portugal. However, the biggest obstacle to Masséna was the lack of supplies, both of food and ammunition. Masséna could not be supplied from Spain and thus his army had to be fed by foraging in the surrounding countryside. Wellington, however, had taken the precaution of having most resources in the area destroyed or hidden. By March, 1811 the Army of Portugal was starving and its munitions and powder were almost depleted. On the 5th of March, 1811 Masséna reluctantly ordered a retreat from Portugal. Just  south of Concepcion is the Border village of Fuentes de Oñoro. The defeat of Masséna's forces at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro between the 3rd and 4 May 1811 was the final action that pushed the French out of Portugal. Before the battle, Wellington's Allied army had taken up positions along the line of low hills which ran from the Fort of Concepcion towards Fuentes de Oñoro. Seeing this buildup and with no orders to hold out, the small French garrison left at the Fortress of the Concepcion quickly withdrew, leaving without further damage being inflicted on the Fortress.

Gallery

References

Concepcion
Concepcion
Real Fuerte de la Concepcion


title: List of NorthPort Batang Pier seasons

text:
This is a list of seasons by the NorthPort Batang Pier of the Philippine Basketball Association.

Season-by-season records
*one-game playoffs**team had the twice-to-beat advantage

Per season records


title: Kester Jacobs

text:
Kester Jacobs (born 28 July 1987) is a Guyanese international footballer who plays for Nishan'42 in the SVB Hoofdklasse, as a defender.

References

1987 births
Living people
Guyanese men's footballers
Guyanese expatriate men's footballers
Guyana men's international footballers
Guyana men's under-20 international footballers
Santos FC (Guyana) players
Alpha United FC players
Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Suriname
People from Essequibo Islands-West Demerara


title: 2014–15 Yemeni League

text:
The 2014–15 Yemeni League was the 23rd edition of top-level football in Yemen.

The season started on August 15, 2014, advanced by four months and was scheduled to finish in May 2015. The league was postponed after the 17th round with the last action of the season being on 17 January, a 1:0 victory for Al-Ittihad Ibb over Fahman Abyan. It was later cancelled due to the unsafe conditions in the country with the 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état and subsequent Civil War.

Teams
May 22 San'a, Al-Ahli Taizz, Al Sha'ab Sana'a and Al Rasheed Ta'izz were relegated to the second tier after finishing in the bottom four places of the 2013–14 season. They were replaced by Fahman Abyan, Al-Wahda Aden, Al-Wahda Sana'a and Al-Shula

Stadia and locations

Al Oruba appear to represent the small town of Zabid, but play all games in San'a'.

League table
Table before season interrupted in January 2015 and subsequently abandoned.

References

Yemeni League seasons
Yem
1
Cancelled association football competitions


title: Antonio Amurri

text:
Antonio Amurri (28 June 1925 – 18 December 1992) was an Italian author, radio and television writer and lyricist.

Born  in Ancona, Amurri was author of some of the most popular RAI variety shows, such as Canzonissima, Gran Varietà, Fantastico and Studio Uno. He was also author of fourteen books, several of them best sellers, which were mainly collections of short stories consisting of satirical portraits of collapsing family groups.

Amurri was the father of the television writer Valentina Amurri and of the film director Franco Amurri; he was also the paternal grandfather of American actress Eva Amurri.

References

Further reading

External links

1925 births
People from Ancona
1992 deaths
Italian lyricists
Italian television writers
Italian radio writers
20th-century Italian novelists
20th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian musicians
Male television writers
20th-century Italian male musicians
20th-century screenwriters


title: List of field hockey venues in India

text:
This is a list of hockey grounds in India that have been used for major hockey matches.

Stadium

Hockey World Cup

This is a list of Hockey grounds in India that have been used for Hockey World Cup. Till date India has hosted three World Cup in 1982 2010 and in 2018

1982 Hockey World Cup

2010 Hockey World Cup

2018 Men's Hockey World Cup

2023 Men's Hockey World Cup

FIH Hockey World League

2015 Hockey World League And 2017 Hockey World League

This is a list of Hockey grounds in India that have been used for FIH Hockey World League. India will host  is the second edition of the FIH Hockey World League field hockey championship for men. The tournament will start in 2014 and is scheduled to finish in December 2015. India will also host FIH Hockey World League final men 2017 in Kalinga stadium Bhubaneswar.

See also
 List of cricket grounds in India
 List of stadiums in India
 List of international cricket grounds in India
 List of Field hockey venues in India
 List of football stadiums in India
 Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games

References

External links
 www.sangamnersports.8m.com
 india.cricketworld4u.com

Lists of sports venues in India
India venues


title: Pascal Gregor

text:
Pascal Wiberg Gregor (; born 18 February 1994) is a Danish professional footballer who plays  for Danish Superliga club Lyngby Boldklub as a centre-back.

Career

Nordsjælland
A centre-back, Gregor joined the FC Nordsjælland academy in 2011 from Vanløse IF. In 2013, he captained their under-19 side, winning gold in the under-19 league. Gregor was also announced as Talent of the Year in FC Nordsjælland in 2013. The same year, he was promoted to the first-team in order to replace Jores Okore who had signed with Aston Villa. In December 2013, his good performances were rewarded with a four-year contract extension.

Upon his contract expiring, Gregor refused to sign a contract extension, making him a free agent in January 2018.

Helsingør
On 4 January 2018, Gregor signed a two-year contract with FC Helsingør. He made his debut for the club on 11 February as a starter in a 6–1 away loss to OB. Gregor made 45 total appearances for Helsingør in which he scored four goals.

Loan to Haugesund
On 2 August 2019, Gregor joined Norwegian club FK Haugesund on loan for the remainder of 2019. He made his debut for the club on 4 August, coming on as a first-half substitute for the injured Fredrik Pallesen Knudsen in a 1–1 away draw against Stabæk. Gregor scored his first goal for Haugesund on 20 October, scoring on a header in a 3–1 loss to Molde. He ended his tenure with the Norwegian club with one goal in seven appearances, as he struggled to break into the team.

Lyngby
On 19 December 2019, Lyngby Boldklub confirmed that Gregor would join the club January 2020 on a three-year contract. Upon his return to Denmark, he made his first appearance for the club on 17 February 2020, as a starter in a 2–0 away loss to FC Midtjylland. He suffered relegation to the Danish 1st Division with the club on 9 May 2021 after a loss to last placed AC Horsens.

Gregor scored his first goal for the club on 18 March 2022, heading in a cross from Magnus Kaastrup to secure a final 3–0 score in the away match against Esbjerg fB in the 1st Division.

Career statistics

References

External links

Living people
1994 births
Men's association football central defenders
Danish men's footballers
Danish expatriate men's footballers
FC Nordsjælland players
FC Helsingør players
FK Haugesund players
Lyngby Boldklub players
Danish Superliga players
Danish 1st Division players
Eliteserien players
Denmark men's under-21 international footballers
Denmark men's youth international footballers
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Denmark
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Vanløse IF players
Footballers from Copenhagen


title: Antipolo Cathedral

text:
The International Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (; ), popularly known as the Antipolo Cathedral (; ) and alternatively as the Immaculate Conception Parish, () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Antipolo, Philippines. It enshrines a venerated Black Madonna image of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (), and serves as the seat of the Bishop of Antipolo.

The shrine attracts millions of pilgrims annually, especially during the pilgrimage season from May to July each year.

History

Early churches
The first missionaries of Antipolo were the Franciscans. The first church in Antipolo was built by the Society of Jesus under Juan de Salazar. The Jesuits administered the church from 1591 to 1768. The church was prepared for the image of Nuestra Señora dela Paz y Buen Viaje in 1632. However, the church structure was greatly damaged during the 2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639) and the earthquakes of 1645, 1824 and 1863. The church, meant to house the image of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage brought by then-Governor General Juan Niño de Tabora, was supposed to be built on a different plot of land. The church's present location was the site of the tipolo (Artocarpus blancoi), top which the image was found after mysteriously vanishing several times.

The church was completed in 1632, but suffered severe damage in 1639 when the Sangley (Chinese) set fire to the church in a revolt. It was restored afterwards though it was damaged by the 1645 Luzon earthquake, and other earthquakes in 1824 and 1863. Nevertheless, the church became a popular pilgrimage site as many devotees paid reverence to Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, including Philippine national hero and polymath José Rizal, who visited the shrine as a boy with his father, Francisco Mercado, on June 6, 1868. The pair went on pilgrimage to fulfill a vow Rizal's mother, Teodora Alonso, had made when she and the boy survived his delivery.

Post-war reconstruction
Towards the end of World War II in 1945, the church was destroyed by Allied bombardment meant to liberate the area from the Japanese imperial control.

After the war, a campaign was organized to build a new church, with the fundraising committee headed by former First Lady Aurora Quezon, and Antipolo parish priest Francisco Avendano. Architect José L. de Ocampo was commissioned to design the new shrine. Construction began in 1948 and was completed in 1954.

On January 14, 1954, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) declared the church as the National Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage.

The church was elevated to the status of cathedral on June 25, 1983, upon the canonical erection of the Diocese of Antipolo.

International shrine status
In July 2021, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines endorsed a petition to elevate the cathedral as an international shrine, which was approved by the Holy See on June 18, 2022. The papal decree elevating the cathedral as an international shrine was received on March 13, 2023, and took effect on March 25 (coinciding with the Solemnity of the Annunciation). The solemn declaration of the shrine will be held in July 2023, coinciding with the 126th Plenary Assembly of the CBCP.

The decree makes it the first international shrine in the Philippines, the eleventh in the world, and the third in Asia after the St. Thomas Church Malayattoor in India, and the Haemi Martyrdom Holy Ground together with the Seoul Pilgrimage Routes in South Korea. It is also the first Marian international shrine in Asia.

Pilgrimage Season

The Pilgrimage Season of the cathedral is initiated yearly by the "Pagdalaw ng Ina sa Anak" (Mother's Visit to her Son), which is the temporary transfer of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage from Antipolo Cathedral to Quiapo Church, where the Black Nazarene is enshrined. A welcome Mass is held in Quiapo Church at 9:00 in the morning. At 6:00 p.m., the farewell Mass is celebrated, after which the Penitential Walk from Quiapo Church to Antipolo Cathedral commences, with a distance close to . On May 1 each year, the return of the image of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage at the cathedral is celebrated by a Mass at 5:00 in the morning.

Every first Tuesday of May, a procession of the image starts at 7:00 a.m. from the cathedral to Pinagmisahan Hill, where, at the end, a Mass is celebrated. It was here on May 3, the Feast of the Holy Cross, that a wooden cross was blessed and erected. Since 1947, a commemorative thanksgiving Mass is celebrated on the first Tuesday of May, inaugurating the start of the Pilgrimage Season () which ends on the first Tuesday of July.

Gallery

References

External links

 Diocese of Antipolo

Buildings and structures in Antipolo
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Roman Catholic churches in Rizal
Roman Catholic cathedrals in the Philippines
Roman Catholic national shrines in the Philippines
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo


title: Gabapentinoid

text:
Gabapentinoids, also known as α2δ ligands, are a class of drugs that are derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) (i.e., GABA analogues) which block α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs). This site has been referred to as the gabapentin receptor (α2δ subunit), as it is the target of the drugs gabapentin and pregabalin.

Clinically used gabapentinoids include gabapentin, pregabalin, and mirogabalin, as well as a gabapentin prodrug, gabapentin enacarbil. Additionally, phenibut has been found to act as a gabapentinoid in addition to its action of functioning as a GABAB receptor agonist. Further analogues like imagabalin are in clinical trials but have not yet been approved. Other gabapentinoids which are used in scientific research but have not been approved for medical use include atagabalin, 4-methylpregabalin and PD-217,014.

Medical uses
Gabapentinoids are approved for the treatment of epilepsy, postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, and restless legs syndrome. Some off-label uses of gabapentinoids include the treatment of insomnia, migraine, social phobia, panic disorder, mania, bipolar disorder, and alcohol withdrawal. Existing evidence on the use of gabapentinoids in chronic lower back pain is limited, and demonstrates significant risk of adverse effects, without any demonstrated benefit. The main side-effects include: a feeling of sleepiness and tiredness, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting and also glaucomatous visual hallucinations.

Side effects

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics
Gabapentinoids are ligands of the auxiliary α2δ subunit site of certain , and thereby act as inhibitors of α2δ subunit-containing VDCCs. There are two drug-binding α2δ subunits, α2δ-1 and α2δ-2, and the gabapentinoids show similar affinity for (and hence lack of selectivity between) these two sites. The gabapentinoids are selective in their binding to the α2δ VDCC subunit. However, phenibut uniquely also binds to and acts as an agonist of the GABAB receptor with lower affinity (~5- to 10-fold in one study). Despite the fact that gabapentinoids are GABA analogues, gabapentin and pregabalin do not bind to the GABA receptors, do not convert into  or GABA receptor agonists in vivo, and do not modulate GABA transport or metabolism. There is currently no evidence that the relevant actions of gabapentin and pregabalin are mediated by any mechanism other than inhibition of α2δ-containing VDCCs. Although, gabapentinoids such as gabapentin, but not pregabalin, have been found to activate Kv voltage-gated potassium channels (KCNQ).

The endogenous α-amino acids L-leucine and L-isoleucine, which closely resemble the gabapentinoids in chemical structure, are apparent ligands of the α2δ VDCC subunit with similar affinity as gabapentin and pregabalin (e.g., IC50 = 71 nM for L-isoleucine), and are present in human cerebrospinal fluid at micromolar concentrations (e.g., 12.9 μM for L-leucine, 4.8 μM for L-isoleucine). It has been hypothesized that they may be the endogenous ligands of the subunit and that they may competitively antagonize the effects of gabapentinoids. In accordance, while gabapentin and pregabalin have nanomolar affinities for the α2δ subunit, their potencies in vivo are in the low micromolar range, and competition for binding by endogenous L-amino acids has been said to likely be responsible for this discrepancy.

In one study, the affinity (Ki) values of gabapentinoids for the α2δ subunit expressed in rat brain were found to be 0.05 μM for gabapentin, 23 μM for (R)-phenibut, 39 μM for (S)-phenibut, and 156 μM for baclofen. Their affinities (Ki) for the GABAB receptor were >1 mM for gabapentin, 92 μM for (R)-phenibut, >1 mM for (S)-phenibut, and 6 μM for baclofen. Based on the low affinity of baclofen for the α2δ subunit relative to the GABAB (26-fold difference), its affinity for the α2δ subunit is unlikely to be of pharmacological importance.

Pregabalin has demonstrated significantly greater potency (about 2.5-fold) than gabapentin in clinical studies.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption
Gabapentin and pregabalin are absorbed from the intestines by an active transport process mediated via the large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5), a transporter for amino acids such as L-leucine and L-phenylalanine. Very few (less than 10 drugs) are known to be transported by this transporter. Unlike gabapentin, which is transported solely by the LAT1, pregabalin seems to be transported not only by the LAT1 but also by other carriers. The LAT1 is easily saturable, so the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin are dose-dependent, with diminished bioavailability and delayed peak levels at higher doses. Conversely, this is not the case for pregabalin, which shows linear pharmacokinetics and no saturation of absorption. Similarly, gabapentin enacarbil is transported not by the LAT1 but by the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), and no saturation of bioavailability has been observed with the drug up to a dose of 2,800 mg. Similarly to gabapentin and pregabalin, baclofen, a close analogue of phenibut (baclofen specifically being 4-chlorophenibut), is transported by the LAT1, although it is a relatively weak substrate for the transporter.

The oral bioavailability of gabapentin is approximately 80% at 100 mg administered three times daily once every 8 hours, but decreases to 60% at 300 mg, 47% at 400 mg, 34% at 800 mg, 33% at 1,200 mg, and 27% at 1,600 mg, all with the same dosing schedule. Conversely, the oral bioavailability of pregabalin is greater than or equal to 90% across and beyond its entire clinical dose range (75 to 900 mg/day). Food does not significantly influence the oral bioavailability of pregabalin. Conversely, food increases the area-under-curve levels of gabapentin by about 10%. Drugs that increase the transit time of gabapentin in the small intestine can increase its oral bioavailability; when gabapentin was co-administered with oral morphine (which slows intestinal peristalsis), the oral bioavailability of a 600 mg dose of gabapentin increased by 50%. The oral bioavailability of gabapentin enacarbil (as gabapentin) is greater than or equal to 68%, across all doses assessed (up to 2,800 mg), with a mean of approximately 75%. In contrast to the other gabapentinoids, the pharmacokinetics of phenibut have been little-studied, and its oral bioavailability is unknown. However, it would appear to be at least 63% at a single dose of 250 mg, based on the fact that this fraction of phenibut was recovered from the urine unchanged in healthy volunteers administered this dose.

Gabapentin at a low dose of 100 mg has a Tmax (time to peak levels) of approximately 1.7 hours, while the Tmax increases to 3 to 4 hours at higher doses. The Tmax of pregabalin is generally less than or equal to 1 hour at doses of 300 mg or less. However, food has been found to substantially delay the absorption of pregabalin and to significantly reduce peak levels without affecting the bioavailability of the drug; Tmax values for pregabalin of 0.6 hours in a fasted state and 3.2 hours in a fed state (5-fold difference), and the Cmax is reduced by 25–31% in a fed versus fasted state. In contrast to pregabalin, food does not significantly affect the Tmax of gabapentin and increases the Cmax of gabapentin by approximately 10%. The Tmax of the instant-release (IR) formulation of gabapentin enacarbil (as active gabapentin) is about 2.1 to 2.6 hours across all doses (350–2,800 mg) with single administration and 1.6 to 1.9 hours across all doses (350–2,100 mg) with repeated administration. Conversely, the Tmax of the extended-release (XR) formulation of gabapentin enacarbil is about 5.1 hours at a single dose of 1,200 mg in a fasted state and 8.4 hours at a single dose of 1,200 mg in a fed state. The Tmax of phenibut has not been reported, but the onset of action and peak effects have been described as occurring at 2 to 4 hours and 5 to 6 hours, respectively, after oral ingestion in recreational users taking high doses (1–3 g).

Distribution
Gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut all cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the central nervous system. However, due to their low lipophilicity, the gabapentinoids require active transport across the blood–brain barrier. The LAT1 is highly expressed at the blood–brain barrier and transports the gabapentinoids that bind to it across into the brain. As with intestinal absorption of gabapentin mediated by LAT1, transport of gabapentin across the blood–brain barrier by LAT1 is saturable. Gabapentin does not bind to other drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) or OCTN2 (SLC22A5).

Gabapentin and pregabalin are not significantly bound to plasma proteins (<1%). The phenibut analogue baclofen shows low plasma protein binding of 30%.

Metabolism
Gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut all undergo little or no metabolism. Conversely, gabapentin enacarbil, which acts as a prodrug of gabapentin, must undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to become active. This is done via non-specific esterases in the intestines and to a lesser extent in the liver.

Elimination
Gabapentin, pregabalin, and phenibut are all eliminated renally in the urine. They all have relatively short elimination half-lives, with reported values of 5.0 to 7.0 hours, 6.3 hours, and 5.3 hours, respectively. Similarly, the terminal half-life of gabapentin enacarbil IR (as active gabapentin) is short at approximately 4.5 to 6.5 hours. The elimination half-life of gabapentin has been found to be extended with increasing doses; in one series of studies, it was 5.4 hours for 200 mg, 6.7 hours for 400 mg, 7.3 hours for 800 mg, 9.3 hours for 1,200 mg, and 8.3 hours for 1,400 mg, all given in single doses. Because of its short elimination half-life, gabapentin must be administered 3 to 4 times per day to maintain therapeutic levels. Similarly, pregabalin has been given 2 to 3 times per day in clinical studies. Phenibut, also, is taken 3 times per day. Conversely, gabapentin enacarbil is taken twice a day and gabapentin XR (brand name Gralise) is taken once a day.

Chemistry

The gabapentinoids are 3-substituted derivatives of GABA; hence, they are GABA analogues, as well as γ-amino acids. Specifically, pregabalin is (S)-(+)-3-isobutyl-GABA, phenibut is 3-phenyl-GABA, and gabapentin is a derivative of GABA with a cyclohexane ring at the 3 position (or, somewhat inappropriately named, 3-cyclohexyl-GABA). The gabapentinoids also closely resemble the α-amino acids L-leucine and L-isoleucine, and this may be of greater relevance in relation to their pharmacodynamics than their structural similarity to GABA.

History
Gabapentin, under the brand name Neurontin, was first approved in May 1993 for the treatment of epilepsy in the United Kingdom, and was marketed in the United States in 1994. Subsequently, gabapentin was approved in the United States for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in May 2002. A generic version of gabapentin first became available in the United States in 2004. An extended-release formulation of gabapentin for once-daily administration, under the brand name Gralise, was approved in the United States for the treatment postherpetic neuralgia in January 2011.

Pregabalin, under the brand name Lyrica, was approved in Europe in 2004 and was introduced in the United States in September 2005 for the treatment of epilepsy, postherpetic neuralgia, and neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. It was subsequently approved for the treatment of fibromyalgia in the United States in June 2007. Pregabalin was also approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in Europe in 2005, though it has not been approved for this indication in the United States.

Gabapentin enacarbil, under the brand name Horizant, was introduced in the United States for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in April 2011 and was approved for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia in June 2012.

Phenibut, marketed under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen, was introduced in Russia in the 1960s for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and a variety of other conditions. It was not discovered to act as a gabapentinoid until 2015.

Baclofen marketed under the brandname of Lioresal was introduced in the United States in 1977 for the treatment of spasticity  is chemically similar to phenibut but is usually not considered a gabapentinoid. Mirogabalin, under the brand name Tarlige, was approved for the treatment of neuropathic pain and postherpetic neuralgia in Japan in January 2019.

Society and culture

Recreational use
Gabapentinoids produce euphoria at high doses, with effects similar to GABAergic central nervous system depressants such as alcohol, γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and benzodiazepines, and are used as recreational drugs (at 3–20 times typical clinical doses). The overall abuse potential is considered to be low and notably lower than that of other drugs such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, psychostimulants, and other illicit drugs. In any case, due to its recreational potential, pregabalin is a schedule V controlled substance in the United States. In April 2019, the United Kingdom scheduled gabapentin and pregabalin as Class C drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, and as Schedule 3 under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001.  However, it is not a controlled substance in Canada, or Australia, and the other gabapentinoids, including phenibut, are not controlled substances either. As such, they are mostly legal intoxicants.

Tolerance to gabapentinoids is reported to develop very rapidly with repeated use, although to also dissipate quickly upon discontinuation, and withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, nausea, headache, and diarrhea have been reported. More severe withdrawal symptoms, such as severe rebound anxiety, have been reported with phenibut. Because of the rapid tolerance with gabapentinoids, users often escalate their doses, while other users may space out their doses and use sparingly to avoid tolerance.

List of agents

Approved
 Gabapentin (Neurontin, Gabagamma)
 Gabapentin extended-release (Gralise)
 Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant)
 Mirogabalin (Tarlige)
 Phenibut (Anvifen, Fenibut, Noofen)
 Pregabalin (Lyrica)
 Baclofen

Not approved
 4-Fluorophenibut
 4-Methylpregabalin
 Atagabalin (PD-200,390)
 Imagabalin
 PD-217,014
 Tolibut

References

Further reading

Amino acids
Analgesics
Anticonvulsants
Anxiolytics
Calcium channel blockers
Euphoriants
GABA analogues


title: English cricket team in the West Indies in 1967–68

text:
The England national cricket team toured the West Indies from January to March 1968 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which England won 1–0. England were captained by Colin Cowdrey; West Indies by Garfield Sobers.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

References

1968 in English cricket
1968 in West Indian cricket
1967-68
International cricket competitions from 1960–61 to 1970
West Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70


title: English cricket team in the West Indies in 1973–74

text:
The England national cricket team toured the West Indies from January to April 1974 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which was drawn 1–1. England were captained by Mike Denness; the West Indies by Rohan Kanhai.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

References

1974 in English cricket
1974 in West Indian cricket
1973-74
International cricket competitions from 1970–71 to 1975
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: English cricket team in the West Indies in 1980–81

text:
The England national cricket team toured the West Indies from January to April 1981 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–0. England were captained by Ian Botham; the West Indies by Clive Lloyd. The second Test of the tour was cancelled, after Robin Jackman's visa was revoked by the Guyanese government, for playing and coaching in South Africa. In the third Test, England's opening batsman Geoff Boycott was dismissed for a duck, after six balls bowled by Michael Holding. It has been described as the greatest over in Test cricket.

In addition, the teams played a two-match Limited Overs International (LOI) series which the West Indies won 2–0.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

1st ODI

2nd ODI

References

External links
 Series home at ESPN Cricinfo

1981 in English cricket
1981 in West Indian cricket
1980-81
International cricket competitions from 1980–81 to 1985
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: English cricket team in the West Indies in 1985–86

text:
The England national cricket team toured the West Indies from February to April 1986 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 5–0. England were captained by David Gower; the West Indies by Viv Richards. In addition, the teams played a four-match One Day International (ODI) series which the West Indies won 3–1.

Background
England had just beaten Australia 3–1 in the 1985 Ashes. As with the 1980–81 tour, Guyana’s government rigidly refused to admit cricketers who had ever played in apartheid South Africa, so England did not visit there. Antigua Sports Minister Lester Bird wished leading rebel player Graham Gooch to apologise and to promise he would never return to South Africa until apartheid was dismantled. To compensate two Tests were scheduled for Queen’s Park Oval in Trinidad, but for a time it was feared that the government there would follow Guyana and Bird and exclude or demand apologies from those linked to South Africa.

Tour
The tour began poorly for England, losing by seven wickets to the Windward Islands despite a 77 from Mike Gatting and five wickets from Phil Edmonds. They almost lost their next game, against the Leeward Islands. After batting well in the first innings (Gatting, Gooch, Robinson and Lamb all scoring half centuries) England collapsed in the second and were lucky to escape with a draw.

Things improved when they beat Jamaica, chiefly due to the batting of Gatting and Lamb and the bowling of Edmonds.

Gatting had been England's in-form batsman, but in the first one-day game his nose was broken. England collapsed and the West Indies won easily.

Gatting was unable to play in the first test, which the West Indies won easily. Richard Ellison took a five wicket haul and Peter Willey scored a second innings 71, forcing the West Indies to bat again, but England were unable to resist the West Indies fast bowlers, especially debutant Patrick Patterson, and the game was over inside three days.

England's next game, against Trinidad and Tobago, was a draw.

They bounced back to win their next game, a one-day international against the West Indies due to a century from Graham Gooch.

For the Second Test England decided to go with four specialist batsmen and lost the game. England's star players (especially Ian Botham) continued to struggle, while Richie Richardson made a century and Malcolm Marshall took eight wickets. Assisted by John Emburey's bowling and a last wicket stand from Richard Ellison and Greg Thomas, England managed to take the match into a fifth day and take three of the mere five second-innings West Indies wickets they would take all series, but these were meagre achievements.

The tour went downhill even further when they lost to Barbados by three wickets.

The West Indies easily won the next one day international. They won the 3rd test by an innings and 30 runs. Then they won the 4th ODI by eight wickets.

The West Indies won the 4th test by ten wickets. They won the 5th handsomely as well, Viv Richards scoring a century in 56 balls, which was at the time the fastest in terms of balls faced in Test match history.

Touring party

Test series

1st Test

2nd Test

3rd Test

4th Test

5th Test

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

West Indies won the series 3—1.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

References

Further reading
  (by the wife of spin-bowler Phil Edmonds)

1986 in English cricket
1986 in West Indian cricket
1985-86
International cricket competitions from 1985–86 to 1988
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: English cricket team in the West Indies in 1989–90

text:
The England national cricket team toured the West Indies from January to April 1990 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–1.  The West Indies were captained by Viv Richards, and England by Graham Gooch.  England's victory in the First Test at Kingston was their first over the West Indies since the 1973–74 series.  The Second Test, scheduled as England’s first at Bourda since the 1973–74 tour (due to the Guyanese government’s refusal to admit Robin Jackman in 1980–81 and to admit anyone who had played or coached in apartheid South Africa in 1985–86), was abandoned without a ball being bowled.  The Third Test, in which the West Indies were captained by Desmond Haynes, resulted in a draw; following an injury to Gooch in that match, Allan Lamb replaced him as captain for the final two Tests, both of which were won by the West Indies.

In addition to the Tests, the teams played a five-match Limited Overs International (LOI) series which the West Indies won 3–0.  A further two LOIs were scheduled to replace the abandoned Test in Guyana.

Test match summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

ODI series summary

West Indies won the Cable and Wireless Series 3–0, with two no results.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

5th ODI

Georgetown Test Match replacement ODIs

When the Georgetown Test was washed out, two replacement One-Day Internationals were arranged for the scheduled fourth and fifth days of the match; the first of these was itself washed out. These did not count towards the Cable and Wireless ODI Series.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

References

1990 in English cricket
1990 in West Indian cricket
1989-90
International cricket competitions from 1988–89 to 1991
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: New Zealand cricket team in the West Indies in 1971–72

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured the West Indies from February to April 1972 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which was drawn 0–0. New Zealand were captained by Graham Dowling; the West Indies by Garfield Sobers. The tour also featured the maiden first-class match to be played by Bermuda. They played the touring New Zealand team in Hamilton, with the visitors winning by an innings and 31 runs.

Test series

1st Test

2nd Test

3rd Test

4th Test

5th Test

References

External links

1972 in New Zealand cricket
1972 in West Indian cricket
1971-72
International cricket competitions from 1970–71 to 1975
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: New Zealand cricket team in the West Indies in 1984–85

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured the West Indies from March to May 1985 and played a four-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–0. New Zealand were captained by Geoff Howarth; the West Indies by Viv Richards.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

The West Indies won the series 5-0.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

5th ODI

References

External links

1985 in New Zealand cricket
1985 in West Indian cricket
1984-85
International cricket competitions from 1980–81 to 1985
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Streptococcus tigurinus

text:
Streptococcus tigurinus is a novel member of the genus Streptococcus that was first discovered in 2012 by Swedish researchers.

Identification
Streptococcus tigrinus is a member of the Gram-positive bacteria family Streptococcaceae and is identifiable by its 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. S. tigurinus was initially difficult to study due to its similarity to other bacteria causing it to go unnoticed, but it has recently been identified as being the most structurally related to Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus intermedius .

Pathogenesis
Streptococcus tigurinus is generally not a normal part of the human bacteria flora and it is currently unknown where its natural habitat is or its potential for colonization. Capable of causing serious infections if it manages to enter the body's bloodstream, usually through open wounds in the mouth, it was first discovered to cause invasive infections after it was isolated from a patient with infective endocarditis. It was later detected in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 14 other patients with varying types of serious invasive infections such as spondylodiscitis, bacteremia, meningitis, and empyema.

Treatment
As S. tigurinus is relatively rare, scientists are still researching the most effective ways to combat the bacterium, with some strains showing resistance to drugs like tetracycline and an enhanced resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages.

References

External links
 Type strain of Streptococcus tigurinus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Gram-positive bacteria


title: Ariyalur railway station

text:
Ariyalur railway station (Code: ALU) is the main railway station in Ariyalur, headquarters of the Ariyalur district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the chord line between Viluppuram and Tiruchirappalli. For administrative reasons, it comes under the Tiruchirappalli railway division of the Southern Railway zone.

Location and layout
The railway station is situated on the Perambalur main Road on the western part of the city. It is the main railhead for both Ariyalur,  Thanajvur and Perambalur districts since railway stations in other towns of Ariyalur district such as Lalgudi and Sendurai barely have any express trains halting and Permbalur district does not have a railway station at all, ever since the bifurcation of the Ariyalur district. It hence serves as an important railway hub for passengers from the central districts of Tamil Nadu. Certain TNSTC busses are operated from Thanjavur to Ariyalur Railway station for passengers' convenience.

The station falls on the Viluppuram–Tiruchirappalli chord line, which is the only line passing through the station. The railway line towards the south has been completed doubling work, spanning across two sections namely the Ariyalur-Kallakudi Palanganatham stretch and then the Valadi-Kallakudi Palanganatham stretch, after which it is single line till Tiruchirappalli. The same double line infrastructure completed extends up to R.S. Mathur towards the north beyond which it is single line again till .

Upcomming Projects
During 2013-2014, The Government of India, Indian Railways decided to connect Thanjavur - Pattukottai from Ariyalur. The land acquisition process was about to commence. But lately there was no improvement on the project. Presently, The SR prepared an detailed project report, that connects Ariyalur - Perambalur - Thuraiyur - Namakkal.

The people of Ariyalur, Thanjavur urges to connect, Pattukottai - Namakkal via Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Ariyalur, Perambalur and Thuraiyur.

Amenities
The station has been declared as one of the Adarsh railway stations in Tamil Nadu. Hence it has amenities such as upper-class waiting rooms, ATMs, ramps and wheel chairs for the differently-abled, retiring rooms etc. During the rush hour, TNSTC busses which provides local bus services from the station to the Ariyalur Bus Stand and certain TNSTC busses operates towards Thanjavur.

The station however is suffering from serious infrastructural problems according to passengers. The withdrawal of many of the direct bus services from the station to Thanjavur, as well as absence of sufficient services on other routes is viewed as a great hardship on the part of commuters to the station. This is compounded by lack of regular bus services from Ariyalur railway station to the Ariyalur main bus stand and high auto rickshaw fares for commuting that distance. Lack of porters and petty shops, inadequate number of seats and shelters and unavailability of additional platforms form the other issues at the station. Project on doubling the track between Ariyalur and Valadi segment to a length of 50 km had been executed, the 25-km stretch between Ariyalur and Mathur also commissioned. As part of doubling of the track, the Ariyalur station has been beautified and expanded, according to Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL).
Additional platform created was 550 metres. The additional platform would ensure smooth operation of trains.

References

Railway stations in Ariyalur district
Trichy railway division


title: New Zealand cricket team in the West Indies in 1995–96

text:
The New Zealand national cricket team toured the West Indies from March to May 1996 and played a two-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 1–0. New Zealand were captained by Lee Germon; the West Indies by Courtney Walsh. In addition, the teams played a five-match Limited Overs International (LOI) series which the West Indies won 3–2.

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

The West Indies won the series 3-2.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

5th ODI

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

References

External links

1996 in New Zealand cricket
1996 in West Indian cricket
1995-96
International cricket competitions from 1994–95 to 1997
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Youmou & Ohana

text:
Youmou to Ohana (Japanese 羊毛とおはな) were a Japanese acoustic music duo produced by LD&K Records.
The duo were guitarist "Wool" Youmou (real name Kazunori Ichikawa, born 26 July 1981) and singer "Flower" Ohana (real name Hana Chiba, 31 January 1979 - 8 April 2015).  Their first album in 2007 was sold at Nagoya's Village Vanguard. Following the Great East Japan earthquake Youmou and Ohana’s song ‘Fuyu no Uta’ was used in a TV commercial in Taiwan as a thank-you message by Interchange Association Japan (IAJ) for Taiwan's support after the earthquake. This led to a concert in Taipei.

Discography

Albums

References

Japanese musical groups


title: Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 1976–77

text:
The Pakistan national cricket team toured the West Indies from February to April 1977 and played a five-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–1. Pakistan were captained by Mushtaq Mohammad; West Indies by Clive Lloyd.

The series was recognised as one of the finest of that era where West Indies managed to clinch it by 2/1 after nearly escaping a defeat in first game at Barbados. It was memorable for debut of Colin Croft who picked 33 wickets in his debut series along with Joel Garner who too picked 25 wickets in his debut series. At the time, Pakistani skipper Mushtaq accused debutant Garner of illegal action although the claim was later found to be bogus.

West Indies defeat at Trinidad was their last in West Indies till 1988 again by Pakistan at Boruda

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

Guinness Trophy

Only ODI

References

External links

1977 in Pakistani cricket
1977 in West Indian cricket
1976-77
International cricket competitions from 1975–76 to 1980
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 1987–88

text:
The Pakistan national cricket team toured the West Indies from March to April 1988 and played a three-match Test series and five-match ODI series against the West Indies cricket team which was drawn 1–1.

The tour started with the ODI leg where Pakistan were thrashed by 5/0 despite missing services of Viv Richards due to injury concerns who was perhaps finest batter in world at the time. However, Pakistan staged a brilliant comeback in the test leg of the tour & came closest to end West Indies undefeated record in a test series for 15 years.

In first test at Boruda Stadium in Georgetown in absence of Viv Richards and Malcolm Marshall, Windies were led by the opener Gordon Greenidge suffered their first test defeat at home in ten years after their Packer depleted team lost to Australia at same venue in 1978. Imran Khan coming out of the retirement took an 11 wicket haul in the game along with Miandad's first test century against Windies, Pakistan defeat them by 9 wickets. However, In second test at Trinidad, Viv Richards returned along with Marshall and rescued West Indies batting from 80/4 by scoring his 22nd test ton. Richards also passed 7,000 test runs during the innings and became third fastest to the milestone in 140 innings at the time after Walter Hammond and Garfield Sobers. However, Pakistan managed to secure a draw in the game by a slim margin of 1 wicket through the last stand.

In final game at Barbaods, West Indies managed to win the test by 1 wicket and thus level the series by 1/1 continuing their unbeaten record. The series is widely regarded as among the finest test series of all time.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

West Indies won the series 5-0.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

5th ODI

References

External links

1988 in Pakistani cricket
1988 in West Indian cricket
Pakistani cricket tours of the West Indies
International cricket competitions from 1985–86 to 1988
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 1992–93

text:
The Pakistan national cricket team toured the West Indies from March to May 1993 and played a three-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 2–0. Pakistan were captained by Wasim Akram; West Indies by Richie Richardson. In addition, the teams played a five-match One Day International (ODI) series which was drawn 2–2 with the final game ending in a tie.

The tied ODI, fifty overs each, was played at Bourda, Georgetown, on 3 April and Pakistan batted first after winning the toss. They scored 244 for six in their fifty overs. In reply, the West Indies levelled the score off the final ball of the fiftieth over and had lost five wickets compared with the six lost by Pakistan. Normally, when scores are level, the match is awarded to the team losing the least wickets and so, under the rules, the West Indies would have won. However, the crowd invaded the field before play on the final ball was completed. A Pakistani fielder threw the ball to Wasim Akram at the bowler's end and he saw the chance of a run out at the striker's end if he could return the ball to the wicket-keeper, but, with the pitch already overrun by spectators, he had no chance of doing this and the batsman could not be run out. As a result, the match referee Raman Subba Row had to make a decision on the result and he adjudged the match a tie.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

One Day Internationals (ODIs)

The series was drawn 2-2, with one match tied.

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

5th ODI

Arrest of Pakistani players
Four Pakistani players (captain Wasim Akram, vice-captain Waqar Younis, Aaqib Javed and Mushtaq Ahmed), along with two female tourists and a local man, were arrested on a beach in Grenada on 8 April 1993 on charges of "possession of a controlled drug". They were later released on bail.

References

External links

1993 in Pakistani cricket
1993 in West Indian cricket
Pakistani cricket tours of the West Indies
International cricket competitions from 1991–92 to 1994
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 2000

text:
The Pakistan national cricket team toured the West Indies from April to May 2000 and played a three-match Test series against the West Indies cricket team which the West Indies won 1–0. Pakistan were captained by Moin Khan; West Indies by Jimmy Adams. In addition, the teams played in the 2000 Cable & Wireless ODI Series, a triangular Limited Overs International (LOI) tournament, along with Zimbabwe. Pakistan and West Indies reached the Finals, a three-match series which Pakistan won 2–1.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

References

2000 in Pakistani cricket
2000 in West Indian cricket
Pakistani cricket tours of the West Indies
International cricket competitions from 1997–98 to 2000
West Indian cricket seasons from 1970–71 to 1999–2000


title: Sri Lankan cricket team in the West Indies in 1995–96

text:
The Sri Lanka national cricket team visited the West Indies in April 1996 and played a single Limited Overs International (LOI) only on 13 April 1996 at Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain, Trinidad, against the West Indies cricket team. The match was played to celebrate 100 years of cricket at the Queen's Park Oval.

Sri Lanka won by 35 runs and were captained by Arjuna Ranatunga; West Indies by Courtney Walsh.

ODI summary

References

External links

1996 in Sri Lankan cricket
1996 in West Indian cricket
International cricket competitions from 1994–95 to 1997
Sri Lankan cricket tours of the West Indies


title: Toni Palermo

text:
Toni Palermo was born in Forest Park, Illinois. She played as part of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) in 1949 and 1950.

Early life
Toni's parents were Fred and Elvira Palermo. She was invited to travel to Cuba for spring training with the All American Girls Professional Baseball League when she was only 11. A few years later she became a member of their league as a shortstop.

Teams
Palermo was a shortstop who played with the Chicago Colleens in 1949 and 1950. She also played with the Springfield Sallies in 1950. She played professional softball as well with the Parichy Bloomer girls of the National Girls Baseball League.

Stats

Awards
She was recognized by the Baseball Association of Chicago for "Excellence as an AAGPBL Player, Educator and Leader."

Life after baseball
Palermo became a nun. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in English, History and Math from Alverno College. She then earned three master's degrees and a Doctor of Philosophy Degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She taught in the Physical Education Department and the School of Social Work at the University.

References

People from Forest Park, Illinois
Baseball players from Cook County, Illinois
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
Living people
Alverno College alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Girls Baseball League players
American women academics
21st-century American women
American female baseball players


title: Konnichiwa (Youmou & Ohana album)

text:
Konnichiwa (Japanese: こんにちは。) is a 2008 album by Youmou & Ohana. The first track, "Falling", features the music of Corinne Bailey Rae.

Track list
1. Falling
2. Kaze ni fukarete (風に吹かれて)
3. Rararurararurara (ララルララルララ)
4. Yureru (揺れる)
5. Tenohira (手のひら)
6. Namioto (波音)
7. Wa (輪)
8. O mamori no uta (おまもりのうた)

References

2008 albums
Youmou & Ohana albums


title: 2014 New Zealand Music Awards

text:
The 2014 New Zealand Music Awards was the 49th holding of the annual ceremony featuring awards for musical recording artists based in or originating from New Zealand. It took place on 20 November 2014 at Vector Arena in Auckland. The awards show was screened on channel Four, the first time the event was broadcast live.

The technical award winners, legacy award recipient and the Critics' Choice Prize shortlist were announced on 16 October at the Pullman hotel, Auckland. The Critics Choice showcase and award presentation were held on 29 October at the King's Arms in Auckland.

The awards were dominated by Lorde, who won six awards, including Album of the Year, Single of the Year, Best Female Solo Artist, Best Pop Album, Highest Selling Single and the International Achievement Award.

Early awards
While most of the awards were presented at the main awards ceremony held in November, five genre awards were presented earlier at ceremonies of their field. The first was awarded in January, with the Tui for Best Folk Album presented at the Auckland Folk Festival in Kumeu to Auckland duo Tattletale Saints for their album How Red Is the Blood. The Tui for Best Jazz Album was presented in March to Nathan Haines at the National Jazz Festival in Tauranga for his album Vermillion Skies. This was Haines' third Tui for Best Jazz Album, after previously winning in 2013 and 1996. The Tui for Best Pacific Music Album was presented in May to operatic pop trio Sol3 Mio for their self-titled album. The Best Country Music Album Tui was presented in May at the New Zealand Country Music Awards in Gore to Kaylee Bell for her album Heart First. In July the Best Children's Music Album award was presented live on What Now to Anika Moa for her album Songs For Bubbas.

Nominees and winners
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.
Key
 – Technical award

Presenters and performers

Presenters
Presenters of awards:
Shannon Ryan and Dai Henwood – Highest Selling Single, Highest Selling Album and Airplay Record of the Year
Sweet Mix Kids – Best Electronica Album
Natalia Kills and Willy Moon – Best Urban/Hip Hop Album and Best Pop Album
Lizzie Marvelly – Best Classical Album
Jono Pryor and Ben Boyce – Best Group and Best Rock Album
Brooke Duff – Best Gospel/Christian Album
Guy Williams and Rose Matafeo – Best Male Solo Artist and Best Female Solo Artist
Maisey Rika – Best Māori Album
 Damian Vaughn – International Achievement Award
Hollie Smith – Best Roots Album
Jeremy Corbett and Paul Ego – Best Alternative Album
Jamie McDell – Best Music Video
Maria Tutaia – Breakthrough Artist of the Year
Slave & Otis – Legacy Award
James Rolleston – People's Choice Award
Jon Toogood – Single of the Year and Album of the Year

Performers
Performers at the ceremony:
David Dallas – "Runnin'"
Benny Tipene – "Make You Mine"
Sol3 Mio – "’O sole mio"
Tiny Ruins – "Me at the Museum, You in the Wintergardens"
Blacklistt – "Burn"
Broods – "Bridges"
Super-Sista-Groove featuring Hollie Smith, MC Tali, Iva Lamkum, Ria Hall and The Levites – "Can't Get Enough"

References

External links
Official New Zealand Music Awards website

New Zealand Music Awards, 2014
Music Awards, 2014
Aotearoa Music Awards
November 2014 events in New Zealand


title: Huiscatongo

text:
Huiscatongo (possibly from Aymara wiska wool rope, tunqu maize "rope maize") is a mountain in the east of the Huanzo mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District. Huiscatongo lies between the mountains Quilca in the north and Puca Puca in the south.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Eileen Gascon

text:
Eileen "Ginger" Gascon (born December 1, 1931) is a former baseball player who played center field and second base in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She both batted and threw right-handed.

Early life and career
Born in Chicago, Illinois, she lived for around a decade (from when she was 8 until 18) near Wrigley Field. She was the youngest of three sisters. Her Irish immigrant mother was a housewife and her father worked as a truck driver. Since there were very few girls in the neighborhood from the time she turned 10, Gascon had to play ball otherwise she wouldn't have anyone with whom to play. She was pretty good and always went to the division meetings.

Gascon studied Education and Psychology at a local college, the Northeastern Illinois State College in Chicago. She used her education to become an elementary teacher for six years and following that, a counselor for 28 years. Since she lived close to the Wrigley Field and her uncle was a policeman who worked at the gate there, Gascon was often given the opportunity to watch Phil Cavarretta, Andy Pafko, etc. Thus began her love for the game. At around 15 years old, Gascon played started playing with the North Town Debs and then the girls started forming groups which was when she went with the Springfield Sallies. With the Sallies, she played second base. Some of her other friends at the time joined the Chicago Colleens. She was recruited from playing in the Chicago playgrounds. In the traveling team she was with Mirtha Marrero and Isabel Alvarez with whom she was able to converse in Spanish since she had studied it in high school.

In 1949 she played with the traveling team and a year later, she returned to play with Chicago, for the Bluebirds also for a year, playing center field. In 1951, Gascon returned to the Grand Rapids Chicks, thereafter playing a further three years again with the Bluebirds. During this time she was able to work a day job and play ball simultaneously. In addition, she played with the Peoria Redwings.

Gascon was the youngest member of the Chicago Queens, at a time when the New Orleans Jacks teams were part of it who really knew what they were doing, producing some of the best pitchers.  Connie Wisnwiewski was also in that league, who had also come to the Grand Rapids Chicks. When Gascon played with the Grand Rapids Chicks, she was an outfielder.

Present day
As of 2018, Gascon still attends Chicago Cubs games and expresses a desire to inspire women to continue to play baseball.

Batting statistics

References

External links
 Eileen Gascon All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
 Gascon, Eileen "Ginger" (Interview transcript and video, 2010). Grand Valley State University. Retrieved 2019-04-08.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
Springfield Sallies players
Battle Creek Belles players
Grand Rapids Chicks players
Peoria Redwings players
1931 births
Living people
Baseball players from Chicago
21st-century American women


title: 2014–15 UAE Pro League

text:
The 2014–15 UAE Pro League, known as the Arabian Gulf League for sponsorship reasons, was the 40th top-level football season in the United Arab Emirates. Fourteen teams participated with Al Ahli as the defending champions after securing the championship last season for the first time since the 2008–09 campaign.

The league was started on 15 September 2014 and was concluded on 15 May 2015.

Teams
Al Shaab and Dubai Club were relegated to the second tier being replaced by Al Ittihad Kalba and Fujairah who were both relegated in the 2012–13 campaign.

Stadia and locations

Managerial changes

League table

Results

Season statistics

Goalscorers

Hat-tricks

Assists

References

UAE Pro League seasons
UAE
1


title: 2014 ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft

text:
The 2014 ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft was the first ever draft from the Indian Super League, the new franchise domestic football league in India. The draft featured eighty-four Indian domestic players. They were drafted by six out of the eight franchises featured in the Indian Super League to form the domestic core of the teams. NorthEast United FC and Goa were the two non-participating teams as they selected their Indian players from both I-League teams, Dempo and Shillong Lajong respectively. Forty of the eighty-four players up for selection have either played for the India national team or have attended a camp for the national team.

The draft took place within two days, 22 to 23 July, in Mumbai.

Players available to draft

Main pool

Reserves

Draft selections – Day 1

Round 1
The first round saw FC Pune City go first, with them selecting Lenny Rodrigues as the first ever Indian player in ISL history.

Round 2
The second round saw Delhi Dynamos FC go first, with them selecting Robert Lalthlamuana as their pick.

Round 3
The third round saw Kerala Blasters FC pick first. The player they selected was Ishfaq Ahmed.

Round 4
The fourth round saw Mumbai pick first, their pick being Raju Gaikwad.

Round 5
The fifth round saw Chennai pick first. They selected Shilton Paul with their pick.

Round 6
The sixth round saw Atlético de Kolkata pick first. They selected Mohammed Rafi with their pick.

Round 7
The sixth round saw FC Pune City pick first. They selected Israil Gurung with their pick.

Draft selections – Day 2

Round 8
The first round of the second day and the eighth round overall began with Delhi Dynamos FC drafting Adil Khan.

Round 9
The second round of the second day and the ninth round overall began with Kerala Blasters FC drafting Sandip Nandy.

Round 10
The third round of the second day and the tenth round overall began with Mumbai drafting Nadong Bhutia.

Round 11
The fourth round of the second day and the eleventh round overall began with Chennai drafting Anthony Barbosa.

Round 12
The fifth round of the second day and the twelfth round overall began with Atlético de Kolkata drafting Baljit Sahni.

Round 13
The sixth round of the second day and the thirteenth round overall began with Atlético de Kolkata drafting Climax Lawrence.

Round 14
The seventh round of the second day and the fourteenth round overall began with Chennai drafting Jaison Vales.

Goa and North East United
Due to both Goa and North East United FC technically not being a part of the official draft, the two teams were placed at the bottom for every round to select their one player from Dempo and Shillong Lajong, respectively, from the I-League.

References

Draft
Domestic draft
Indian Super League drafts
Association football player non-biographical articles
ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft
ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft
2010s in Mumbai
Football in Mumbai
Events in Mumbai


title: Toby King (rugby league)

text:
Toby King (born 9 July 1996) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a  for the Warrington Wolves. He has played for ,  and the England Knights at international level. He made his  debut on 29 April 2023 in the 64-0 victory over  at the Halliwell Jones Stadium

He has spent time on loan from Warrington at the Rochdale Hornets in the Championship.

Background
King was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England.

Playing career
Toby is the younger brother of Adam and George King, and they played amateur rugby league together at Meltham All Blacks. They were spotted by the Wires’ Yorkshire scout Tommy Gleeson after both appeared for Huddersfield.

Warrington
King was promoted to Warrington first team squad in 2014. King made his début in July 2014 during a 72–10 victory over London, which was his only appearance in 2014. King next appeared in April 2015, scoring twice in an 80–0 rout against Wakefield Trinity.

King played in the 2016 Challenge Cup Final defeat by Hull F.C. at Wembley Stadium.
King played in the 2016 Super League Grand Final defeat by Wigan at Old Trafford.
King played in the 2018 Challenge Cup Final defeat by the Catalans Dragons at Wembley Stadium.
King played in the 2019 Challenge Cup Final victory over St. Helens at Wembley Stadium.
On 13 October 2018, King played in the 2018 Super League Grand Final defeat by Wigan at Old Trafford.

Huddersfield Giants (loan)
On 25 June 2022 it was announced that he would join the Huddersfield Giants for the remainder of the 2022 season.

Wigan Warriors (loan)
In August 2022 it was announced that King had signed for the Wigan Warriors on a season-long loan deal.
On 14 October 2023, King played in Wigan's 2023 Super League Grand Final victory over the Catalans Dragons.

International career
In 2016 he was called up to the Ireland squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup European Pool B qualifiers.

In 2018 he was selected for the England Knights on their tour of Papua New Guinea. He played against Papua New Guinea at the Lae Football Stadium. King also played against PNG at the Oil Search National Football Stadium.

In 2019 he was selected for the England Knights against Jamaica at Headingley Rugby Stadium.

References

External links
Warrington Wolves profile
SL profile
Ireland profile

1996 births
Living people
England Knights national rugby league team players
England national rugby league team players
English people of Irish descent
English rugby league players
Huddersfield Giants players
Ireland national rugby league team players
Rochdale Hornets players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Huddersfield
Warrington Wolves players
Wigan Warriors players


title: Queenstown suppressed indecency case

text:
The Queenstown suppressed indecency case was a police investigation and court case in New Zealand from 2011 to 2014 in which a celebrity was accused of, pleaded guilty to and was convicted of "performing an indecent act intended to insult or offend" against a woman in Queenstown and later discharged without conviction and given permanent name suppression. The case fuelled discussion and controversy in New Zealand over the use by courts of suppression orders to protect the identity of perpetrators of higher social status.

Alleged event

The female complainant (later named as Louise Hemsley) said the man was a friend of her husband, and visited their home over a three-year period. She said the offence took place in her own home, in November 2011. On this visit, the man grabbed her, groping and tongue kissing her, and placed his hand inside her underwear, then as she pushed him away, he placed her hand on to his penis. She said her husband then arrived home, and she left as the man made a non-verbal mimicry of an oral sex act at her.

Complaint and committal for trial

The complainant said she was interviewed by police a few days later and on their advice telephoned the defendant. The defendant was originally going to be referred to a diversion programme. The man appeared in the Alexandra court in May 2012 where he was committed for trial at the Dunedin District Court for indecent assault.

Trial and guilty plea

In August 2012, the accused appeared in the Dunedin District Court and pleaded guilty to a charge of performing an indecent act intended to insult or offend, a charge under Section 126 the Crimes Act 1961. The man was convicted and ordered to pay $5000 emotional harm reparation and $1500 in counselling costs.

Appeal
In September 2013, the defendant appealed to the New Zealand Court of Appeal in Wellington against the conviction and for permanent name suppression.  The defendant's lawyer argued that his client had pleaded guilty to avoid a public trial assuming he would be offered diversion or a discharge without conviction. The appeal court referred the case back to the Dunedin District Court.

Discharge
The man re-appeared in Dunedin District Court in March 2014 where he was ordered to pay $6500 to the complainant and discharged without conviction with a permanent suppression order preventing the publication (in New Zealand) of the man's name, occupation and former occupations, anything likely to lead to his identity, or cast speculation on any other person of a similar class or type.

Name suppression controversy
The complainant felt that the verdict was "not really a win" and that the defendant was "a dirty bastard and people should know."

There was public disquiet in Otago after the verdict.

Following news of Operation Yewtree in Britain and the subsequent trial of Australian entertainer Rolf Harris, a member of the New Zealand Parliament, Maggie Barry, described a groping by Harris during a studio interview she conducted in her previous broadcasting career. Retired parliamentarian Rodney Hide taunted her in a newspaper column, urging her to use her parliamentary privilege to breach the name suppression order.

Naming of the defendant on Internet
Fuelled by the Harris case, people in New Zealand began distributing the defendant's name on Internet sites including Facebook. The man was also named in Australia by an Australian blogger.
New Zealand law professor Mark Henaghan said New Zealanders would not be breaching the suppression by reading such information, but that the situation showed the difficulty of enforcing suppression orders in the modern age and across borders.

Legal threat over suppression breaches
In July 2014, the defendant said that everyone in his home town knew he was the "prominent man" described in the media and that he had been fired from a job by an employer who had heard that he was the defendant. He said his lawyer was "on the warpath" for those who had published his name online.

Defendant meets Leader of the Opposition
While campaigning for the 2014 New Zealand general election, New Zealand Labour Party leader David Cunliffe met the defendant. Cunliffe said he had arranged for the person to meet a Labour candidate but that he had no idea about the person's controversial background and that had he known, no such meeting would have taken place.

Complainant's waiver of her own name suppression
The complainant waived her right to automatic name suppression in October 2014, enabling her to tell her story, and her name (Louise Hemsley) became public.

Naming of the defendant by former MP
Tau Henare, a retired member of the New Zealand Parliament, appeared in Henderson District Court in December 2014 charged with knowingly breaching suppression orders under the Criminal Procedure Act. The charge related to an alleged posting on social media in 2014 of the name of the defendant in the Queenstown suppressed indecency case, when the defendant's identity was subject to a suppression order.

See also
 PJS v News Group Newspapers Ltd, a similar case in the UK

References

Trials in New Zealand
Censorship in New Zealand
2012 in New Zealand law
2013 in New Zealand law
2014 in New Zealand law
Queenstown, New Zealand


title: Gabriel Ferreira Ioshida

text:
Gabriel Ferreira Ioshida (born November 11, 1993) is a Brazilian male acrobatic gymnast. Along with his partner, Juliana Dos Reis de Freitas, he competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

References

1993 births
Living people
Brazilian acrobatic gymnasts
Male acrobatic gymnasts


title: 2014–15 Belgian Cup

text:
The 2014–15 Belgian Cup is the 60th season of Belgian's annual football cup competition. The competition began on 26 July 2014 and ended with the final on 22 March 2015. The winners of the competition will qualify for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League play-off round. Lokeren are the defending champions.

Competition format
The competition consists of ten rounds. The first seven rounds are held as single-match elimination rounds. When tied after 90 minutes in the first three rounds, penalties are taken immediately. In rounds four to seven, when tied after 90 minutes first an extra time period of 30 minutes are played, then penalties are taken if still necessary. The quarter- and semifinals will be played over two legs, where the team winning on aggregate advances. The final will be played as a single match.

Teams enter the competition in different rounds, based upon their 2014–15 league affiliation. Teams from the fourth-level Promotion or lower began in Round 1. Third Division teams entered in Round 3, with Second Division teams joining in the following round. Teams from the Belgian First Division enter in Round 6.

First round
These round of matches were played on 26 & 27 July 2014.

Second round
These round of matches were played on 2 & 3 August 2014.

Third round
These round of matches were played on 9,10,13 & 14 August 2014.

Fourth round
These round of matches were played on 16 & 17 August 2014.

Fifth round
These round of matches were played on 23,24 & 26 August 2014.

Sixth round
These round of matches were played on 24 September 2014.

Seventh round
The matches took place on 2 and 3 December 2014.

Quarter-finals
The matches took place with the first legs on 17 December 2014 and the second legs on 21 January 2015.

First legs

Second legs

Semi-finals

First legs
The matches will take place with the first legs on 3 and 4 February 2015 and the second legs on 11 February 2015.

Second legs

Final

The final took place on 22 March 2015 at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels.

Footnotes

References

Belgian Cup seasons
Belgian Cup
Cup


title: Whenever, If Ever

text:
Whenever, If Ever is the debut studio album by American indie rock band The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die, released on June 18, 2013, on Topshelf Records.

Writing and recording
The record was largely written instrumentally as a five-piece band, with the finished versions of the tracks coming together in the studio with the rest of the members contributing their ideas. The album's songs had been written close to a year before the band entered the studio, and the band made demos for all the songs in every stage of the writing process. Nicole noted that many of the songs progressed into something completely different than the direction they started with, while others stayed relatively unchanged. After production had started, Julia Peters offered to perform cello on the record. The band was so impressed with her playing that she was asked to join the band.

Composition

Music
Four vocalists share vocal duties throughout the album.

Lyrics

Track listing

Personnel
 Thomas Diaz – vocals, guitar, synthesizer
 David Bello – vocals
 Nicole Shanholtzer – guitar, vocals
 Joshua Cyr – bass guitar, synthesizer
 Katie Shanholtzer-Dvorak - synthesizer, vocals
 Steven Buttery – percussion
 Christopher Teti – guitar
 Julia Peters – cello
 Patrick Malone – trumpet
 Greg Horbal – guitar, vocals, piano, synthesizer

Chart performance

References

2013 debut albums
The World Is a Beautiful Place & I Am No Longer Afraid to Die albums
Topshelf Records albums


title: 30th GCC Club Cup

text:
The 30th GCC Club Cup () was the 30th edition of the GCC Club Cup for clubs of the Gulf Cooperation Council nations, held in 2015.

The tournament started in February and finished with the final on 27 May.

Teams

Group stage
Group stage is played as a double round-robin, thus each team plays four matches. After that the top two teams advance to the quarter-finals.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout-stage

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

First leg

Second leg

Final

References

External links
Official website
Season at soccerway.com

2015
2015 in Asian football


title: Dominik Kružliak

text:
Dominik Kružliak (born 10 July 1996) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for FC Košice.

Club career

Ružomberok
Kružliak made his Fortuna Liga debut for Ružomberok against ViOn Zlaté Moravce on 29 March 2014, entering in as a substitute in place of injured Lukáš Greššák in the 59th minute of the match. ViOn however went on to defeat Ružomberok 1–0.

Volos
On 19 June 2023, he signed a contract with Volos on a free transfer.

On 5 September 2023, on the aftermath of Volos' 3–2 loss to AEK Athens, the club terminated his contract as he was thought responsible for the loss after conceding a penalty in stoppage time, converted by Nordin Amrabat.

Three days later, he returned to Slovakia to sign a two-year deal with FC Košice.

International career
Kružliak was first called up for Slovakia national team for two unofficial friendly fixtures in January 2017, in Abu Dhabi, UAE, against Uganda (1–3 loss) and Sweden. He made his debut on 12 January against Sweden, however he only played the first half of the match. Slovakia lost the game 0–6.

Career statistics

References

External links

 Futbalnet profile
 MFK Ružomberok profile
 Eurofotbal profile

1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Liptovský Mikuláš
Footballers from the Žilina Region
Slovak men's footballers
Slovakia men's youth international footballers
Slovakia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football defenders
MFK Ružomberok players
FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda players
Volos F.C. players
FC Košice (2018) players
Slovak First Football League players
Super League Greece players
Slovak expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Greece


title: Kokuba River

text:
The  is a river in Naha, Okinawa, and is the hydrographic resource for domestic urban fresh water.  A number of geographical places on Okinawa bear its name, such as  and .  The river flows into the East China Sea.

Poisoning
The river and people living around it suffered when pentachlorophenol herbicides were dumped into the river, obtained from the U.S. military by a civilian company in 1971, when it was still a US territory.   Some 30,000 Okinawans had used the river for water supply, which was halted when school children came down with abdominal pain and nausea.  Okinawa continues to suffer from extremely elevated levels of dioxins far beyond allowed limits, from the areas in and surrounding its US military bases, which are adjacent urban population centers, despite decades of denials and cleanup refusals by US officials.

References

Environmental disasters in Japan
Rivers of Okinawa Prefecture
Rivers of Japan


title: Roseland, Minnesota

text:
Roseland is an unincorporated community in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, United States. It was settled in 1926 by Dutch Immigrants. It grew from its founding until the 1960s because of its railroad. It was once a popular place to play baseball, but the baseball field was replaced by houses.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
Unincorporated communities in Minnesota


title: Llanddyfrwyr-yn-Edeligion

text:
Llanddyfrwyr-yn-Edeligion is a village in Monmouthshire, Wales.  In the early dark ages it was associated with The Lorax, his son the Once-ler after who the village is named, and St. Cybi.

References

villages in Monmouthshire


title: Konnichiwa

text:
Konnichi wa is a Japanese greeting.

Konnichiwa or Konnichi wa may also refer to:

 Konichiwa Records, a Swedish record label
 Konnichiwa (Skepta album), 2016, and its title track
 Konnichiwa (Youmou & Ohana album), 2008
 Konnichiwa, a 2003 album by Charm featuring Ailyn
 "Konnichiwa" (The Superions song), 2014
 "Konnichiwa", a song by Shonen Knife from the 1998 album Happy Hour
 "Konnichiwa", a song by Shanadoo from the 2006 album Welcome to Tokyo
 "Konnichiwa" a 2015 song by Mike Williams

See also

 "Konichiwa Bitches", a 2007 single by Robyn
 "Kanashimi yo Konnichi wa", a 1986 song by Yuki Saito
 Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables, a series in the World Masterpiece Theater anime


title: Fabrício Carvalho de Abreu

text:
Fabricio Carvalho de Abreu (born October 21, 1990) is a Brazilian male acrobatic gymnast. Along with his partner, Yasmin Menezes, he competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

References

1990 births
Living people
Brazilian acrobatic gymnasts
Male acrobatic gymnasts