title: Port Harcourt Cemetery

text:
Port Harcourt Cemetery is a city-owned and operated public cemetery located along Aggrey Road in the Old Township district of Port Harcourt, the Rivers State capital. It is the oldest cemetery still in use in the city and is notable as the burial site of activist Ken Saro-Wiwa and his associates the Ogoni Nine. It also contains one commonwealth burial of soldiers of World War II.

Interments
 Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941–1995), writer and activist
 Mike Lloyd Toku (1993–2012)
 Stephen Edward Murray-Bruce (1939–2013)

See also
 List of cemeteries in Nigeria

References

External links

Cemeteries in Port Harcourt
Landmarks in Port Harcourt


title: Steve Crabb

text:
Steven Marshall Crabb (born 15 January 1943) is a former Australian politician.

He was born in Arbroath in Scotland, the son of Steven Crabb, an RAF warrant officer, and Gertrude. He attended local state schools and joined the Labour Party, of which he was an office-bearer. He emigrated to Australia in June 1966, joining the Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society as joint assistant actuary in 1972. He joined the Labor Party and was a member of the federal executive of the Australian Insurance Employees Union from 1966 to 1970 and from 1972 to 1976, serving as vice-president for the latter period. In 1976 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Knox. He was promoted to the ministry in 1982 as Minister for Transport, adding Industrial Affairs in 1983. In 1985 he became Minister for Employment and Industrial Affairs, subsequently moving to Labour (1986–88), Police and Emergency Services (1987–90), Tourism (1988–92), Conservation and Environment (1990–92) and Water Resources (1992). He retired from politics in 1992.

References

1943 births
Living people
People from Arbroath
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Ministers for the Conservation (Victoria)
Ministers for the Environment (Victoria)
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Ministers for Water (Victoria)
Ministers for Employment (Victoria)


title: Netherlands at the UEFA European Championship

text:
The Netherlands national football team has appeared in ten UEFA European Championship tournaments. They first participated in 1976, and won the title in 1988. With Belgium, the Netherlands co-hosted the 2000 tournament. The team did not enter the first tournament in 1960, and did not qualify in 1964, 1968, 1972, 1984, 2016.

Overall record

List of matches

Euro 1976

Final tournament

Semi-finals

Third place play-off

Euro 1980

Group stage

Euro 1988

Group stage

Knockout stage

Semi-finals

Final

Euro 1992

Group stage

Knockout stage

Semi-finals

Euro 1996

Group stage

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Euro 2000

Group stage

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Euro 2004

Group stage

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Euro 2008

Group stage

Knockout phase

Quarter-finals

Euro 2012

Group stage

Euro 2020

Group stage

Knockout phase

Round of 16

Most appearances

Top goalscorers

See also
Netherlands at the FIFA World Cup

References

External links
Netherlands at UEFA

Countries at the UEFA European Championship
Euro


title: Margaret Ray (Australian politician)

text:
Margaret Elizabeth Ray , née Vercoe (15 July 1933 – 31 May 2017) was an Australian politician.

She was born in Melbourne to Edward Leslie Vercoe, a Methodist minister, and Thelma Alice Tickner. She attended state schools and then Melbourne University, where she acquired a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) and a Diploma of Education and became a schoolteacher. She taught at Wangaratta from 1956 to 1957 and at Greythorn High School from 1968 to 1981.

She joined the Labor Party in 1971 and held a number of positions including president of the Blackburn branch. In 1982 she was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Box Hill. She held the seat until her defeat in 1992.

Following her political career, Ray was mostly involved in the Uniting Church, including as chair of the congregation at St David's Uniting Church in Canterbury.

She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2004.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Members of the Order of Australia
Philanthropists from Melbourne
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
University of Melbourne alumni politicians
Australian schoolteachers


title: 2013 in Thailand

text:
The year 2013 was the 232nd year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 68th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2556 in the Buddhist Era. The year saw the beginning of protests against Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra's government which led to a state of political crisis and the dissolution of government.

Incumbents
King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Crown Prince: Vajiralongkorn
Prime Minister: Yingluck Shinawatra
Supreme Patriarch:
until 24 October: Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana

Events

January
 January 23 - A court in Thailand sentences a magazine editor to ten years' imprisonment for publishing articles that were deemed to have insulted the monarchy.

February
 February 10 - A roadside bombing in Yala Province kills 5 soldiers and injures three others.
 February 13–16 Muslim insurgents are killed during an attack on a military base in Narathiwat.
 February 25 - At least 4 people are dead and 20 injured after a homemade bomb is detonated at a Buddhist festival in Maha Sarakham Province.
 February 28 - Thailand agrees to peace talks with Muslim rebels for the first time after 20 years of conflict.

March
 March 2 - Suspected insurgents detonate a motorcycle bomb in Southern Thailand killing 2 Thai Military rangers and wounding 11 people.
 March 3 - 2013 Bangkok gubernatorial election took place. Sukhumbhand Paribatra, a Democrat, won the election. He compiled 47.75% of the national vote.
 March 3 - Thailand promises to put an end to legal ivory trade within the country.
 March 22 - 2013 Thailand refugee camp fire took place. There were 37 reported deaths.

April

May

June
 June 29 - Eight soldiers killed by roadside bomb in south Thailand.

July
 July 27 - Rayong oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Thailand.

August

September
Tropical Depression 18W (2013) took place in mid September.

October

November
 November 7 - Intergovernmental Agreement on Dry Ports was a United Nations treaty that became opened for signature.

December
 December 22 - 22 December 2013 South Thailand bombings

Births

Deaths

Sport

September
 September 21–29 - 2013 PTT Thailand Open took place. Milos Raonic was the champion of 2013 PTT Thailand Open – Singles. Jamie Murray and John Peers were the champions for the 2013 PTT Thailand Open – Doubles.

See also
 2013 Thai Premier League
 2013 Thai Division 1 League
 2013 in Thai television
 List of Thai films of 2013

References

External links
Year 2013 Calendar - Thailand

Years of the 21st century in Thailand
Thailand
2010s in Thailand
Thailand


title: Workerbot

text:
The workerbot is a trademark, which was developed by the pi4 robotics GmbH to describe an industrial robot, which was modeled with its possibilities of movement and its sensory abilities of a human.

The industrial robot has two arms with seven degrees of freedom. In the arms of force sensors are integrated, enabling the robot to work while the forces occurring measure and similar to humans the gripping process or machining processes to adapt to the forces occurring accordingly. The robot is also equipped with cameras that it can detect its environment and react to it. This industrial robot has been developed within the EU funded project PISA (Flexible Assembly Systems through Workplace-Sharing and Time-Sharing Human-Machine Cooperation). The project consortium consists of the lead company pi4_robotics GmbH and the Fraunhofer IPK, the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the company EICAS Automazione S.p.A. .

The aim is to enable the use of highly flexible industrial robots manufacturing companies within the European Union cost production and to prevent the migration to low-wage countries. The workerbot is still the first operative humanoid factory worker worldwide that can be acquired by purchase. In context with the workerbot there is the first webshop for humanoid robots.

References

',';

External links

 pi4_robotics: The official homepage of workerbot
 pi4_robotics: Video of workerbot
 Deutschen Patent- und Markenamt: Registerauskunft zur Marke "workerbot"
 FP6-Rahmenprogramm der EU: PISA Projekt
 FP6-Rahmenprogramm der EU: PISA-Projekt Sub Project 2 - Time Sharing Intelligent Assist Systems
 Europäische Kommission: CORDIS Informationsdienst Nationale F&E
 Awards / Prizes: The workerbot of pi4_robotics won the MM Award 2010 at the fair Automatica
 Awards / Prizes: The workerbot of pi4_robotics is a finalist in the euRobotics Technology Transfer Award 2011
 Zeitschrift VDMA Nachrichten 02-2011: Robotik Neue Ära der flexiblen Automation
 Zeitschrift Blechnet 07-2012: Zweiarmige Roboter stehen für neue Anwendungen bereit

American inventions
Packaging machinery


title: National Archive of Catalonia

text:
The National Archive of Catalonia (ANC, , , ), is a body created by the Generalitat of Catalonia by decree 28 November 1980. Located in Sant Cugat del Vallès, it is the Catalonia government's official archive, and holds both government and private documents relating to Catalonia's society, politics, economics and history.
As government's historical archive, the ANC collects, preserves and disseminates the most relevant records of Catalonia's political and administrative activity of the departments, institutions and companies that make up the Government of Catalonia.

History
The great responsibility of developing the Catalan cultural heritage was started by the Commonwealth of Catalonia, and from 1931 on followed by the Ministry of Culture of Catalonia. In that very same year, a proposal for the creation of a National Archive of Catalonia was made by the Archives, Libraries and Fine Arts Conference, but was only in 1936 that a new archive became a reality. Two years before, as a consequence of the transfer of competences from the Government of Spain to the Generalitat, the archive of the Diputació del General's ownership was transferred to Catalan government.

On 29 September 1936, a decree signed by Josep Tarradellas, stated that the archive would settle in the Palau Episcopal of Barcelona. Afterwards, in 1938 and within the context of the Spanish Civil War, the National Archive of Catalonia moved to the monastery of Pedralbes, until the documents were spread throughout Catalonia in order to save them from war's threat.

Once the war was over, Franquism confiscated all the documents, known from that moment on as Salamanca Papers. Only with the advent of Democracy in the 1980s, the National Archive of Catalonia was officially created by the Generalitat. Its first director was Casimir Martí i Martí (1980-1991), and from 1992 until now, Josep Maria Sans i Travé currently holds the position.

The building

Until 1995, the ANC was located in the Eixample of Barcelona, in an edifice that was used as school and editorial office of both newspapers Solidaridad Obrera and Solidaridad Nacional. Despite refurbishing the structure, the building was not suitable for archive needs and a new one was constructed. The new and bigger archive was inaugurated on 23 April 1995 in Sant Cugat del Vallès in a 17.700 square meters plot.

Its architect, Josep Benedito i Rovira, designed a functional construction divided in four major blocs connected by a courtyard. Most of spaces are used as deposits, and other as administration offices, conservation laboratories and different facilities. As the National Archive of Catalonia holds high-value documents, modern safety conditions were introduced to guarantee the right conservation of the collections.

Departments
With the purpose of providing all the services concerned, the institutions is organised into different divisions:

 Administration Collection Area preservation of Catalan Administration documents, especially from the 19th century.
 Historical Documentation Area,  receives private records.
 Images, graphics and audiovisuals Area preserves, recovers and manages image and sound files.
 Reprography and New Technologies Area, cares for carrying out the demands for documents reproduction.
 Restoration Laboratory, is responsible for the conservation and consolidation of the documents.
 Library, consists of an auxiliary library and reserved collections.
 Education Service and Cultural Action Area take care of transmission and dissemination of Catalan culture and society throughout guided tours, workshops, conferences and exhibitions.

Notable collections
There are several notable collections held by the National Archive of Catalonia. These include:
 Autonomous Administration Collection: Documents coming from the Generalitat of Catalonia from the Second Spanish Republic up to the present.
 Local Administration Collection: Relating to the Commonwealth of Catalonia, in the beginning of the 20th century.
 Local-level Public Administration Collection: Records of the administration during the Francoist Dictature.
 Royal and noble Administration Collection: Includes more than 3.000 civil lawsuits from Catalan Royal Audience between the 16th and 19th centuries.
 Judiciary collection: Formed by the documents of different judicial bodies from the 20th century.
 Institutional Collection: Collects the documentation of institutions created by the Generalitat of Catalonia, from the Republic period until now.
 Register Collections: 2.507 log books from Royal brokers of Barcelona between 1780 and 1956.
 Association and Foundation Collections: Includes associations and entities, labor unions and political partnerships.
 Heritage and Family Collections: Most of the documents are connected to nobility and important families in Catalonia.
 Personal Collections: From notable personalities of the 19th and 20th centuries, as for example Francesc Macià, Prat de la Riba, Eugenio d'Ors or Pablo Casals. Furthermore, the collection includes the photographic works of Josep Gaspar, Gabriel Casas, Josep Brangulí or Frederic Cuyàs.

Notes

Bibliography
 DDAA Manual d'arxivística i gestió documental. Barcelona. Edit. Associació d'Arxivers de Catalunya, 2009. 543 pàg.
 Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. L'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Una institució al servei de l'administració de Catalunya, de la societat i de la cultura. (Barcelona), núm. 1. 2000 Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
 Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. L'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Una infraestructura arxivística i cultural  (Barcelona) núm. 3. Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
 CASIMIR, Martí. "L'estat dels arxius a Catalunya. L'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya". Revista Lligall (Barcelona), núm. 1, pàg. 27–32.
 REVERTÉ VIDAL, Pilar. Apropem-nos a l'exposició "25 anys de l'ANC. La comunicació de la memòria". Col·lecció Exposicions. Una mirada crítica. Núm 2. 2007. Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya.
 SANS i TRAVÉ, Josep Maria. l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya: una institució al servei de l'Administració Autonòmica, la societat i la cultura. Simposi. Arxius Nacionals, Regionals i Generals en els seus marcs territorials (Barcelona), núm. 4. Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

External links

 ANC official website
 Butlletí de l'ANC
 Online exhibitions of ANC
 Europeana Photography

Government of Catalonia
Sant Cugat del Vallès
1980 establishments in Catalonia


title: 2014 Poznań Open – Doubles

text:
Gero Kretschmer and Alexander Satschko were the defending champions, but they did not participate that year.
Radu Albot and Adam Pavlásek won the title, defeating Tomasz Bednarek and Henri Kontinen in the final, 7–5, 2–6, [10–8].

Seeds

  Tomasz Bednarek /  Henri Kontinen (final)
  Andreas Siljeström /  Igor Zelenay (semifinals)
  James Cerretani /  Frank Moser (first round)
  Piotr Gadomski /  Wesley Koolhof (quarterfinals)

Draw

Draw

External links
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Poznan Open - Doubles
2014 Doubles


title: Tom Kingston (rugby league)

text:
Tom Kingston (born 3 May 1988) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. He previously played for the Gold Coast Titans in the National Rugby League. He primarily played .

Background
Born in Tweed Heads, New South Wales, Kingston attended St. Josephs' Primary School and St. Joseph's College, Tweed Heads and played his junior football for the Tweed Heads Seagulls before being signed by the Gold Coast Titans.

Playing career
In 2008, Kingston played for the Gold Coast Titans' NYC team before moving on to the Titans' Queensland Cup team, Tweed Heads Seagulls in 2009.

In Round 17 of the 2014 NRL season, Kingston made his NRL debut for the Titans against the South Sydney Rabbitohs.

On 12 September 2014, Kingston re-signed with the Titans on a 1-year contract.

On 5 November 2014, Kingston decided to quit rugby league to take up a post in the Australian Defence Force.

References

External links
2014 Gold Coast Titans profile

1988 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Gold Coast Titans players
Tweed Heads Seagulls players
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league players from Tweed Heads, New South Wales


title: Mya (program)

text:
Mya was an intelligent personal assistant under development by Motorola. Proposed features for the program included the ability to read emails and answer questions 24 hours a day. Mya was intended to work with an internet service Motorola was developing called Myosphere, and was planned to be a paid service that would eventually be used by other mobile carriers. A female computer-generated character was created to represent Mya in advertising. While the quality of the character's animation was praised, it received criticism for being over sexualised.

Both the character and the program were announced to the public via an advertisement in March 2000, though the program was not ready for use at that time. Despite the announcement generating a considerable amount of attention, little was heard regarding the project in subsequent months. The program was never officially released nor cancelled, though the trademarks for both Myosphere and Mya were abandoned by Motorola in 2002. The name Mya was believed to be a play on the words 'My assistant'.

Proposed features and development
The Internet service that Mya was developed for was called Myosphere. Motorola began development of Myosphere in 1998, and it had been described as a speech enabled service "which enables consumers to manage and control wireless and wireline communications from a single point of access using natural voice commands." Several other companies had already announced plans for similar software at the time; Alan Reiter from Wireless Internet and Mobile Computing was puzzled at Motorola's announcement of Myosphere, saying "They're kind of late to the [voice activation] party. But the party is likely to be very big. ... Motorola's entry will help further legitimize the value of voice response systems. But it's a tough market, and it will take time." The term myosphere was "a play on the theme of connecting the elements of an individual's world, or sphere."

Intended to provide a human-like interface to the Internet, Mya was to be accessed via a toll-free telephone number and a pin code. The program was designed to work with any phone, including landlines, but primarily for mobiles, and was to be accessible 24 hours a day. Mya was said to be able to answer questions on topics such as stock prices, news, sports, weather conditions, traffic, airline reservations, addresses, and appointments, as well as being able to call contacts in a mobile phone's address book.

Intended to be a paid service that would be ready by December 2000, Motorola hoped that Mya would also eventually be used on Palm Pilot and by other mobile carriers. In July 2000 Motorola was reported to be planning to work with Nuance Communications to internationalize Mya, and that same month BellSouth was declared to be the first carrier to buy the service. According to an article in Popular Science in August 2000, Motorola was spending "millions of dollars" on both the Mya character and the program. Mya was originally programmed only for English, though by April 2001 the program was being developed in six languages, and additionally Nippon Telegraph and Telephone were said to be working with Motorola to develop a Japanese version. Mya was voiced by actress Gabrielle Carteris, and mechanically altered to sound more digital.

Character
To create a commercial for Mya, Motorola hired the McCann Erickson company, who in turn hired Digital Domain to create the character. The design was described as a "big-budget" production, though Digital Domain were only given three months to complete the project. Mya's physical representation: a tall, thin, blonde, blue-eyed white female, was created in the likeness of a human model, Michelle Holgate. The initial inspiration for Mya came from vintage pin-up girls. The first representation of Mya had a very small waist and large breasts, and was said to resemble Jessica Rabbit, which did not impress either Motorola or McCann Erickson. Motorola asked Digital Domain to make Mya look as human as possible yet still be obviously artificial. The first completed iteration of Mya was so realistic that Motorola asked for her to be made more obviously digital. Viewers were reportedly not impressed with Mya because they thought she was a real person. Digital Domain visual effects supervisor and animation director, Fred Raimondi, decided to remodel Mya's appearance to be "just to the left of real".   Mya's hair was changed from brunette to bleach blonde. Her short spiky hair style was said to resemble that of Serena Altschul. According to Digital Domain, giving Mya hair that was longer than ear-length was not possible in the time they had been given, due to the difficulties of creating digital photorealistic hair. Mya's final body shape was an almost exact copy of the original model's measurements. Mya was typically seen wearing a silver pantsuit but also appeared in halter tops in some shots and dressed in an evening gown for her debut. While Digital Domain staff wanted Mya to appear in a knee-length skirt with high boots, Motorola and McCann chose the pantsuit, due to its contemporary look.

Digital Domain chose not to use motion capture for Mya's movements as they believed it would constrain the character too much. Instead they used rotoscoping to place their digital character over the real model. The evening gown Motorola selected for Mya to debut in was described by Digital Domain as the most difficult item of clothing they could have chosen, due to its transparency and layering. To render 150 frames (equating to 5–6 seconds of actual footage) of Mya moving in the gown in low-resolution required approximately 6 hours of processing time; the final high-resolution shots took longer. Mya's rendering was so complex she crashed the computers at Digital Domain several times. Mya's creators said they had difficulty making Mya appear as if she were "alive", and focused intensely on movements, specular highlights and eye blinks in order to "bring her to life".  The specular highlights also had the intended effect of making Mya shine in an inhuman manner; when the light hit Mya at certain angles, a rainbow would appear. Mya's skin was described as "part china doll, part disco ball." Her distinct shine was based on that of a china plate that the commercial's director, Alex Proyas, had bought in Australia. In some shots of Mya, images were deliberately downgraded and had scan lines added to make the character appear more artificial.

Mya's visual representation, however, appeared solely during advertising and on her website. Only her voice was to be heard when using the actual program. Demonstrations of Mya's abilities and images of the character could be viewed at the now defunct website, mya.com. Raimondi said he believed the name Mya was a play on the words 'My assistant', as did Sidney Matrix in the book Cyberpop: Digital Lifestyles and Commodity Culture.

Debut and appearances

Mya made her debut on March 26, 2000 in a 60-second advertisement shown during the 72nd Academy Awards. The ad featured Mya dressed in her evening gown and wearing a headset. In the ad Mya steps out of a stretch limousine and walks down the red carpet for the show. The ad declared Mya to be "the darling of the e-world, the 24-hour talking Internet" and stated that Mya's abilities would change users' lives. Despite making her first advertising appearance in March, the Mya program was not scheduled to be ready until December 2000.

Mya subsequently received considerable media attention, and was featured on the front covers of USA Today, InStyle, Wired and Adbusters. One promotion for Mya showed Hugh Hefner sitting in a limousine with two Playboy Bunnies, asking Mya to read him his emails.

The Mya program was on display at the Motorola wireless booth at COMDEX in April 2000, which was visited by then president Bill Clinton. Mya "chok[ed] up halfway" through a demonstration for the president and had to be restarted.

In 2006, Sidney Matrix stated Mya "disappeared" after her debut commercial; in August 2000, a Yankee Group vice-president stated the debut advertisement for Mya was a "great ad, but where have [Motorola] gone with it? ... The spot drove viewers to its website to demo the product ... but failed to market Mya further." Mya was never documented to have been released, nor was there an announcement of the program's cancellation; Motorola abandoned their trademark for 'Mya' on September 19, 2002 and their trademark for 'Myosphere' on December 1, 2002.

Reception

Character
The reception of the character was mixed. Libby Callaway from New York Post stated Mya was one of their favourite "virtual babes", and said she threatened to take Lara Croft's title as the internet's most popular pin-up girl, also describing Mya as "the world's first 'cyber assistant'". Whilst admitting that the character of Mya was visually appealing, John Sullivan of Wireless Insider also stated that Motorola "went overboard" by trying to give the Mya program a character in the hopes she would become a celebrity in her own right, and accused Motorola of trying to mimic the success of Lara Croft. Mya was described in the 2003 book Data Made Flesh: Embodying Information as "by far" the best-rendered and most self-assured digital woman. Noah Robischon from Entertainment Weekly called her debut the second creepiest moment at that year's Academy Awards (the first being Angelina Jolie kissing her brother).

Writing in Popular Mechanics, Tobey Grumet described Mya as a male-chauvinistic creation, and she was cited in the 2006 book Physical Culture, Power, and the Body as an example of simulated sexualised females. Sidney Matrix stated that Mya's seductive appearance and sultry voice "depended on, borrowed from and retrench[ed] sexist stereotypes", and accused Motorola of normalising the assumption that technology users are both male and heterosexual. Motorola's marketing director Julie Roth defended the design of Mya's appearance and voice, attributing it to market research of what would appeal to users.

Mya's character was often compared to the female computer-simulated character for Ananova, a web-based news service that was being developed around the same time.

Announced program
Though Mya's character was generally regarded as impressive, the underlying technology was described by Peggy Albright in Wireless Week as not surprising; Albright said Motorola was  "latest company in recent weeks to introduce a voice-activated virtual assistant", as Mya was announced shortly after Microsoft had announced their MiPad, and Lucent had launched their Mobile Voice Activated Dialing software. However, Tobey Grummet spoke highly of the program in anticipation of its release, and Mya was described by Elliot Drucker of Wireless Week as a solution to the limitations of accessing the Internet on a mobile phone, without a keyboard or large colour display. While regarding the program with interest, John Sullivan doubted that Mya would persuade people who were not already on the Internet to start using it, and stated that if Mya could only read emails and not actually converse with him, he would rather just read his emails himself. Dawn Chmielewski from the Orange County Register called Mya a "crude interpretation of things to come", noting that speech technology at the time was not without its limitations.
The program won the "Most Innovative Telephony Application" award at the 20th Annual AVIOS Conference in April 2001.

References

Bibliography

External links
Official website at Wayback Machine

Computer telephony integration
Virtual assistants
Motorola
Telecommunication services
Vaporware


title: List of American foods

text:
This is a list of American foods and dishes. There are a few foods that predate colonization,  and the European colonization of the Americas brought about the introduction of many new ingredients and cooking styles. This variety continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th proportional to the influx migrants from additional foreign nations. There is a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the United States.

This list is not exhaustive, nor does it cover every item consumed in the U.S., but it does include foods and dishes that are common in the U.S. (highly available and regularly consumed), or which originated there.  The list is representative only.  For more foods in a given category, see the main article for that category.

American foods

Breads

 Banana bread
 Cornbread
 Cuban bread
 Frybread
 Texas toast

Cheese

 American cheese (technically a processed cheese)
 Colby (as well as the blend Colby-Jack)
 Cream cheese
 Monterey Jack (and used in pepper jack cheese)
 String cheese
 Velveeta (brand name of a common processed cheese)

Desserts

Apple pie
Banana pudding
Bean pie
Chocolate brownie
Chocolate chip cookies
Cobbler
Fudge
Jell-O
Key lime pie
Peanut butter cookie
Pecan pie
Pumpkin pie
Red velvet cake
S'more
Sundae
Ice cream

Rice dishes

 Calas
 Charleston red rice
 Chicken bog
 Dirty rice
 Glorified rice
 Gumbo
 Hawaiian haystack
 Hoppin' John
 Jambalaya
 Rice and gravy
 Red beans and rice
 Shrimp creole
 Spanish rice

Sandwiches

 BLT
 Cheesesteak
 Club sandwich
 Fluffernutter
 Italian beef
 Pastrami on rye
 Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
 Reuben sandwich
 Sloppy joe

Sausages

 Bologna sausage
 Breakfast sausage
 Chaudin
 Goetta
 Half-smoke
 Hot link (sausage)
 Italian hot dog
 Lebanon bologna
 Maxwell Street Polish
 Polish Boy

Miscellaneous

 Buffalo Wings
 Roasted turkey
 Fried Chicken

Gallery

Detroit style coney dog

General items

This includes general areas of food interest relating to the United States.
  Barbecue in the United States
  Barbecue in North Carolina
  Barbecue in Texas
  Kansas City–style barbecue
  Memphis-style barbecue
  Santa Maria–style barbecue
  Pizza in the United States
 California-style pizza
 Chicago-style pizza
 New York–style pizza
 Detroit-style pizza
  History of the hamburger in the United States
  New American cuisine
  Roadkill cuisine
  Native American cuisine
  Tex-Mex
  Thanksgiving dinner

See also

 Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
 Canadian cuisine
 Mexican cuisine
 List of American breakfast foods
 List of American sandwiches
 List of American regional and fusion cuisines
 List of foods
 List of foods of the Southern United States
 List of regional dishes of the United States
 List of soul foods and dishes

References

External links

American Foods

Delicious cooking recipe in America


title: 2012 in Thailand

text:
The year 2012 was the 231st year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 67th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2555 in the Buddhist Era.

Incumbents
King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Crown Prince: Vajiralongkorn
Prime Minister: Yingluck Shinawatra
Supreme Patriarch: Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana

Events

March
2012 Southern Thailand bombings took place on March 31, 2012. It hit Yala, Yala Province and Hat Yai, Songkhla Province.

June
Miss Universe Thailand 2012 took place on June 2.Nutpimon Natthayalak was the winner.

September
2012 PTT Thailand Open took place from September 22 to September 30. Richard Gasquet was the winner of the singles tournament and Lu Yen-hsun and Danai Udomchoke were the winners of the doubles tournament

October
On October 20, Grand Sport Group became Thailand national football team's kit supplier and sponsor.

Births

Deaths

See also
 2012 Thai Premier League
 2012 Thai Division 1 League
 2012 AFC U-16 Championship
 Thailand at the 2012 Summer Olympics
 Economy in Thailand recovery in 2012 and onwards
 2012 in Thai television
 List of Thai films of 2012

References

External links
Year 2012 Calendar - Thailand

Years of the 21st century in Thailand
Thailand


title: Grasshopper (film)

text:
is a 2015 Japanese revenge thriller film directed by Tomoyuki Takimoto and starring Toma Ikuta, Tadanobu Asano and Hey! Say! JUMP member Ryosuke Yamada. It was released in Japan on November 7, 2015. It is based on the 2004 novel of the same name by Kōtarō Isaka, the first novel in his Hitman trilogy. An American adaptation of the second novel, Bullet Train, was released in 2022.

Plot
After the death of his girlfriend, Suzuki (Ikuta Toma) takes on a job working for the underground. Suzuki is quickly caught up in a cat and mouse game between two groups of underground workers in the field of assassination. Caught up in the game alongside him are Kujira (Tadanobu Asano) and Semi (Ryosuke Yamada), who are both deadly killers.

Cast

Production
Principal photography began on 7 July 2014.

Reception
The film grossed  on its opening weekend. By its third weekend, it had grossed .

References

2015 thriller films
Japanese films about revenge
Films based on Japanese novels
Japanese thriller films
2010s Japanese films
2010s Japanese-language films
Hitman (novel series)


title: 1931–32 in Mandatory Palestine football

text:
The 1931–32 season was the fifth season of competitive football in the British Mandate for Palestine under the Eretz Israel Football Association.

IFA Competitions

1931–32 Palestine League

The first Palestine League season was opened on  November 1931 and ended on 27 May 1932. Winners were British Police. During the season the first (and second) league derbies of Tel Aviv and Haifa were played. In Tel Aviv the first match has ended with a 1–1 draw, while Hapoel won the second match 5–1. In Haifa, Hapoel won both matches, 5–0 and 7–2.

1932 Palestine Cup

The 1932 Palestine Cup was won by British Police, who were awarded the final match, after it was abandoned on the 37th minute due to protest of Hapoel Haifa after the referee awarded the Police a penalty kick.

Final

Notable Events
 In the 1932 Maccabiah Games, two football matches were played between Maccabi teams from Eretz Israel (composed of Maccabi players only) and Poland. The first match between the teams ended in a 2–2 draw, while Poland won the second match 3–2. A further friendly match between the sides ended with a 4–2 victory to Eretz Israel.

References


title: Rex Johns

text:
Rex Harold Johns (21 May 1935 – 16 December 2009) was an Australian rules footballer for the Port Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).

Football career
During an era of dour defence, Johns' ability to score goals at an average 3.37 per game was exceptional. During his time at the club he won the club's leading goalkicker award six times and the competition's award four times. He was a member of four premiership teams for Port Adelaide.

Personal life
Rex Johns died after a valiant battle with cancer on the 16 December 2009 at the age of 74.

Reputation
Rex Johns was the childhood idol of Malcolm Blight.

References

1935 births
2009 deaths
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Port Adelaide Football Club (SANFL) players
Port Adelaide Football Club players (all competitions)


title: Zulkiffli Hassim

text:
Zulkiffli Hassim (born 26 March 1986) is a Singaporean professional footballer who currently plays for Yishun Sentek Mariners. He plays as a forward.

Career

Gombak United
Zulkiffli played for Woodlands Wellington and Gombak United reserve teams in the Prime League in his early days. In late 2009, Zulkiffli was called up to play for the Bulls' first team in the S.League and became a regular in 2010 and 2011.

Balestier Khalsa
However, as Gombak United had plans to sit out of the S.League from 2013 onwards due to lack of financial resources, Zulkiffli joined Balestier Khalsa in 2012 and has remained with the Tigers since then.

Zulkiffli suffered one of his grey periods in the footballing career as he was handed a five-match ban and a suspended fine for making offensive remarks against Woodlands Wellington defender Fabien Lewis. Zulkiffli had clashed with Lewis when their respective teams met at Toa Payoh Stadium for a S.League fixture on 18 March 2012, which ended 2–0 in favour of the Tigers. It was concluded that Hassim made "remarks of an offensive and racist nature" to Lewis, a Trinidadian of African descent.

Yishun Sentek Mariners FC
He signed for Yishun Sentek Mariners FC after being released by the Tigers.

Honours
Balestier Khalsa
 Singapore Cup: 2014
 League Cup: 2013

Yishun Sentek Mariners
 National Football League Division 1: 2017

References

1986 births
Living people
Singaporean men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Woodlands Wellington FC players
Gombak United FC players
Balestier Khalsa FC players
Singapore Premier League players


title: Hye-su

text:
Hye-su, also spelled Hye-soo, is a Korean feminine given name. Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 16 hanja with the reading "hye" and 67 hanja with the reading "su" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:
Kim Hye-soo (born 1970), South Korean actress
Park Hye-soo (born 1994), South Korean actress
Oh Hye-soo (born 1995), South Korean actress

Fictional characters with this name include:
Yeo Hye-su, in 2001 South Korean film Bungee Jumping of Their Own

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean feminine given names
Feminine given names


title: Prawaal Raman

text:
Prawaal Raman is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his works in Hindi cinema. He has written and directed films like Darna Mana Hai (2003), Gayab (2004), Darna Zaroori hai (2006), 404 (2011) and Main Aur Charles (2015).

Career
Raman started his career as an assistant director to Ram Gopal Varma and assisted him as second unit director in  Jungle and  Company. Post Company, Ram Gopal Varma assigned the project Darna Mana Hai to him as the director. The multi starrer film released in 2003 and was critically acclaimed. In 2015, Raman wrote and directed Main Aur Charles, starring Randeep Hooda, Richa Chadda and Adil Hussain. His next directorial film, Dr. Ajoy Kumar is in its pre-production phase. He has produced documentaries for Prayas, an NGO in New Delhi operating in more than seven states in India.

Non film work
In 2012 Due to the increasing suicide amongst school students, Raman organised an anti-suicide campaign in Jamshedpur with Jeevan NGO and Loyola School which had a series of seminar. Guest speakers were Randeep Hooda, Rahul Bose, Sunita Menon, Nishikant Kamat, Satyakaam Gupta and Raman, himself.

He has been a guest speaker for leadership training program for Praxair, organized by Abacus Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi in 2012 where he spoke about mutual faith and trust within a corporate structure. He has also been a guest speaker along with Tisca Chopra at Masina Metro Hospital and spoke about how to deal with people suffering from bipolar disorder.

Raman has been honored by Sandeep Marwah with the life membership of International Film And Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television at Noida Film City.

Filmography

References

Living people
Film directors from Mumbai
Indian male screenwriters
Hindi-language film directors
21st-century Indian film directors

Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Alfonso Toledano Jr.

text:
Alfonso ("Picho") Toledano Jr. (Mexico City, 18 Aug 1989) is a Mexican racing driver. He is the son of Alfonso Toledano, former Formula 3 driver.

Career
Toledano started his racing career in karting. In 2003, he was second in the 100cc class, beating among others future Formula One driver Sergio Pérez. The year after, he became champion. 2005 saw his debut in formula racing; he became tenth in Formula Renault Campus.

In 2006, Toledano switched to the Panam GP Series and finished thirteenth. He also drove three out of five races of the International Formula Challenge, which got him to a seventh place in the championship. His 2007 Panam GP season was more successful; he scored two victories, which led to a third place in championship. However, in the fall of 2007, Toledano had a severe racing accident. It happened during a pre-season test for A1 Team Mexico in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Toledano entered a blind corner at high speed and lost his brakes before impacting another car, which had come to a full stop due to a previous incident. Both of Toledano's legs sustained multiple fractures.

After eighteen surgeries and ten months of being immobile, Toledano tried his hand at Formula BMW. He ran four races in the Formula BMW USA and two races in the Formula BMW Pacific Series in order to prepare for the 2008 World Final at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez in Mexico City. He finished sixteenth.

After this, Toledano did not race until 2011, when he did a few pre-season GP3 Series tests. He fully returned to racing in 2012, when he joined the Panam GP Series, finishing fifteenth and thirteenth in the first two races of the year. In 2013, he was eighteenth in the summer and fourteenth in the winter championship of Panam GP.

The following year, he made a switch to Formula Acceleration 1, part of Acceleration 2014, driving for Acceleration Team Mexico. He is currently twelfth in the championship.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Mexican racing drivers
Racing drivers from Mexico City
Formule Campus Renault Elf drivers
Formula BMW Pacific drivers
Formula BMW USA drivers
Latin America Formula Renault 2000 drivers
La Filière drivers
EuroInternational drivers
Manor Motorsport drivers
FIA World Endurance Championship drivers


title: 2014 Eketāhuna earthquake

text:
The 2014 Eketāhuna earthquake struck at 3:52 pm on 20 January, centred 15 km east of Eketāhuna in the south-east of New Zealand's North Island. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Originally reported as magnitude 6.6 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake was later downgraded to a magnitude of 6.2. A total of 1112 aftershocks were recorded, ranging between magnitudes 2.0 and 4.9 on the Richter Scale.

Tectonic setting
New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plates. In the South Island most of the relative displacement between these plates is taken up along a single dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault with a major reverse component, the Alpine Fault. In the North Island the displacement is mainly taken up along the Hikurangi Subduction Zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component of the relative plate motion is accommodated by the North Island Fault System (NIFS).

The focal mechanism of the earthquake, its depth and the distribution of aftershocks show that it was a result of oblique normal faulting within the upper part of the subducting Pacific Plate, with the rupture terminating upwards at the plate interface.

Damage
It was felt strongly down the country, from Auckland in the north to Dunedin in the south, and more than 9,000 reports were submitted by the public to GeoNet, the geological hazards monitoring network. The New Zealand Herald newspaper reported damage to walls and chimneys and road closures in the lower North Island.

The Earthquake Commission, (EQC) received 5,013 claims, 1,514 of them from Palmerston North. Minor to moderate damage was also reported in Eketāhuna, Wellington, Masterton, Carterton, Kāpiti Coast, Pahiatua, Levin and Otaki. Three 1920s-style buildings in Masterton were evacuated  after cracks appeared. One building needed to be demolished. According to The New Zealand Herald, two people were injured as a result of falls.

Hokowhitu Lagoon in Palmerston North is thought to have suffered water-bed damage leading to water leaking. Currently no fix is in place to solve this.

See also
List of earthquakes in 2014
List of earthquakes in New Zealand

References

External links
Computer Simulations of Earthquake Waves – GNS Science

Eketāhuna earthquake
2014 earthquakes
Earthquakes in New Zealand
Tararua District
Eketāhuna
2014 disasters in New Zealand


title: Albert McDonald

text:
Albert Clyde McDonald (September 15, 1930 – July 6, 2014) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party.

Born in Dayton, Tennessee, McDonald graduated from Auburn University. McDonald raised soy beans and cotton on his farm in the Huntsville, Alabama area. McDonald served in the Alabama State Senate from 1974 to 1982. He was then elected Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries serving from 1983 to 1991. His daughter is Caroline McDonald.  She is married to Republican Robert Aderholt who serves in the United States House of Representatives representing the 4th District of Alabama.

Notes

External links

1930 births
2014 deaths
Politicians from Huntsville, Alabama
People from Dayton, Tennessee
Auburn University alumni
Farmers from Alabama
Alabama Commissioners of Agriculture and Industries
Democratic Party Alabama state senators


title: Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement

text:
The Korea–Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) is a bilateral agreement seeking to reduce trade and investment barriers between Australia and South Korea. The agreement, which came into effect on the 12th of December 2014 provides Australian goods exporters, service providers and investors with significantly improved access to the South Korean market. The trade agreement stems from decades of bilateral relations, encompassing security, trade and diplomatic ties from 1962, when then President Park Chung-Hee introduced a series of five-year plans designed to spur globalisation efforts and industrial development in Korea following the end of the Korean War.

Historical Background
Before the Korean War began on the 25 June 1950, Australian involvement in the Korean region was very limited, with the first documented contact between Korea and Australia occurring in 1889 when a group of missionaries from Australia arrived in Busan.  Bilateral relations between Australia and the ROK were fostered by both Australia's involvement in the UN Commission on Korea (1947) and during the Korean War (1950–53), with approximately 17000 Australian soldiers serving to aid the ROK during the Korean War . 1961 saw the establishment of full diplomatic relations between Australia and the ROK with The ROK consulate general in Sydney elevated to embassy status and the establishment of the first Korean ambassador in April 1962. Similarly, Australia established its embassy in Seoul in June 1962, with 2021 marking the 60th anniversary of full diplomatic ties between Australia and the ROK. The economic link between Australia & the ROK was also forged in the 1960s, when the ROK's rapid industrialization due to President Park Chung-Hee series of five-year plans required vast amounts of raw materials that could be supplied by Australia in substantial quantities. Historically, migration has underlined relations between Australia and the ROK, Korean migration to Australia began around the 1970 and has since increased over the decades with the population of Korean immigrants growing from 60 in 1970 to approximately 72 963 people of Korean ethnic origin having migrated under various categories including skilled and business migration. This shared bilateral history of Australia and Korea culminated over the five-year negotiation period of KAFTA, encompassing all aspects and provisions of the FTA, beginning with the Australian Labor Party Government under Kevin Rudd in 2009 and concluding under the Australian Liberal Party Government of Tony Abbot. Korea is now Australia's fourth largest trading partner and shares a variety of economic, strategic and political interests in the Asia-Pacific and global spheres.

The Agreement
Australian Trade Minister Andrew Robb and Korean Trade Minister Yoon Sang-jick, concluded negotiations on the Agreement in early December 2013 and the legally verified text of the agreement was initialed by Chief Negotiators on 10 February 2014. In April 2014, the Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott led a trade delegation to Japan, South Korea and China. The three economies accounted for more than half of all of Australia's two-way trade. On the South Korean leg of the mission, Abbott signed the Australia Korea Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) with the government of Park Geun-hye in Seoul on 8 April. The agreement came into force on 12 December 2014.

According to Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia and Korea have "one of the strongest and most complementary trading relationships in the Asia-Pacific region. The Korea-Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) reduces trade and investment barriers, making it easier for Australians to do business with Korea – our 4th largest trading partner."

Provisions
This section provides an overview of the key provisions of KAFTA including:

Trade in goods
Chapter 2 of the KAFTA agreement outlines the provisions of the agreement regarding "Trade in goods". The articles under this section outline the way in which trade can be conducted under the free trade agreement that is KAFTA.  For example, article 2.3 'Elimination of Custom duties' outlines that 'neither Party shall increase any existing customs duty, or adopt any new customs duty, on an originating good.' As well as that 'each Party shall progressively eliminate its customs duties on originating goods.'  Similarly, article 2.9 'Export Duties, Taxes or Other Charges' outlines that 'Neither Party shall adopt or maintain any duty, tax or other charge on the export of any good to the territory of the other Party, unless the duty, tax or charge is also adopted or maintained on the good when destined for domestic consumption.'

Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures
This section of provisions relates to the protocols surrounding rules of origin and origin procedures within the KAFTA agreement. Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures are criteria which determine the origins of a good as well as the general requirements and conditions for a good to be traded as something that originated from a nation. The provisions of Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures within The KAFTA Agreement are outlined in this section and set the precedent for "Originating Goods", "Wholly Obtained Goods", and the "Regional Value Content". This section also provisions Origin Procedures including the "Certificate of Origin", "Authorized Bodies", "Discrepancies and Variations" as well as "Record Keeping Requirements", which are deemed essential by both nations in maintaining a productive trade relationship.

Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation
The objective of the provisions under the section Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation are to for both Australia and South Korea:

Simplify the customs procedures of the cooperating states.
Ensure predictability, consistency and transparency in the application of customs laws, regulations and administrative procedures of the Parties.
Ensure the efficient and expeditious clearance of goods.
Facilitate trade between the Parties.
Promote cooperation between the customs administrations of Australia and South Korea.

In this section, the above objectives are attained by the provision of transparency measures, the harmonization of documents and data elements, the use of Automated Systems in the Paperless Trading Environment, Appeal Procedures, all of which are encapsulated by the KAFTA agreement.

Investment
The section covers the provisions pertaining to investment within and between Australia and South Korea. It encapsulates the majority of KAFTAs provisions regarding the financial sector, including National Treatment, which relates to the way in which each nations financial institution shall accord to investors of the other nation with treatment no less favorable than that it accords to its own investors.

Similarly, the Minimum Standard of Treatment clause within the Investment provision notes that "Each Party shall accord to covered investments treatment in accordance with the customary international law minimum standard of treatment of aliens, including fair and equitable treatment and full protection and security."

Cooperation
The objective of the section on Cooperation within the KAFTA FTA is to facilitate bilateral cooperation and promote an exploration of new cooperative activities between Australian and South Korea in the fields of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, building on top of already existing relationships in the political and business world between the two states to support mutual development and economic growth. This section on cooperation places large emphasis on cooperation in the industries of agriculture and Energy and Mineral Resources with the establishment of a joint Committee on Agricultural Cooperation as well as a joint Committee on Energy and Mineral Resources Cooperation.

Outcomes

Australian Goods Exporters

Due to KAFTA's provisions, around 99 per cent of goods exported from Australia to Korea are authorized to enter duty-free and/or with preferential access. For Australia's agricultural sector, tariffs were eliminated on Korean importation of raw sugar, bottled wine, wheat and some horticulture. Australia's beef industry has benefited from KAFTA with the ROK progressively reducing the 40 per cent tariff on beef by January 1, 2028. Australia's dairy industry has also seen benefits, receiving duty free quotas for cheese, butter and infant formula. The manufacturing, resources and energy sectors of Australia's economy have benefited as well, with the removal of all tariffs on their export to Korea progressively phasing out by January 1, 2023, these include tariffs on liquefied natural gas (LNG), unwrought aluminum and automotive parts. Tariffs on Australian pharmaceutical products have also been eliminated.

Australian Services Providers
KAFTA has provided Australian services exporters with preferential treatment in the Korean market, benefiting sectors including finance, legal, telecommunications and education. Outcomes include law and accounting firms have the capacity to establish representative offices in the ROK. On the December 12th, 2016, firms were given permission under the FTA to "enter into cooperative agreements with local law firms". The agreement also stipulates that Australian firm may establish joint ventures and hire local lawyers. For Australian Accountants, KAFTA has made it possible for them to establish offices in Korea and to provide consulting services on both international and Australian accounting laws in Korea. The agreement stipulated that by 12 December 2019, Australian accountants were able to work and invest within accounting firms in South Korea. KAFTA has enabled Australian education and engineering sectors to increase their capacity in the Korean market due to "commitments to guarantee existing market access for Australian providers and work towards improving mutual recognition of qualifications." In May 2015, Engineers Australia signed an agreement with the Korean Government which enhanced the recognition of Australian engineering professionals in the ROK.

Investors
According to the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade KAFTA has improved prospects for Australian investors/investments in Korea and Korean investors/investments in Australia. The FTA denotes that the ROK through the progressive reduction of market access barriers will provide greater entry for Australian's into the Korean market, similarly, the screening threshold for Korean investors in non-sensitive sectors has been loosened by Australia. The agreement also stipulates provisions to ensure "non-discrimination, and protection and security for investments". to enhance protection and certainty for Australian and Korean investors. Additionally, the Australian government in the FTA has altered the screening threshold for private Korean investors in "non-sensitive" sectors from 252 million AUD to $1.134 billion AUD. A key clause which has been an outcome of merit for the KAFTA agreement is the establishment of a "negative list" regime which simply presumes that a financial service is allowed "unless specifically prohibited and commits Korea to allow new financial services it would permit its own financial institutions to provide."

Regional Security
Whilst an FTA is principally economic in nature and an arrangement for liberalized trade, it often triggers security implications. The signing of KAFTA also underlines the shared security concerns of both Australia and Korea in the Indo-Pacific and the Korean Peninsula. Being two significant middle powers in the Asia-Pacific region, Australia and the ROK share strategic interests and have served in conflicts and peace keeping exercises in relation to non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction as well as events on the Korean peninsula that have threatened regional security. The frequency and tempo of military discussions, training exercises and industry cooperation is increasing between Australia and the ROK since KAFTAs inception. Similarly, the round of biennial foreign and defense minister meetings in 2019 placed emphasis on a "common strategic outlook". The signing of KAFTA has contributed to the recognition of Australia and the ROKs relationship being elevated to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

National Attitudes

Australian Attitudes
Attitudes towards the KAFTA free trade agreement have been both positive and concerned since its signing. The Australian Embassy in South Korea reported that after a year of the FTA, "it is already making a big impact", Citing statistics that Koreas exports to Australia rose by 7.5%. Similarly, Australian consumers have benefited from a larger access to Korean products, creating a positive attitude within the existing Korean population in Australia towards the agreement. Australian attitudes are also positive due to agricultural exports like beef, nuts and Brussels sprouts steadily increasing, creating a larger market for Australia's agricultural industry. KAFTA has also been viewed positively by Australians because Australian's stands to benefit from a robust South Korea more than many due to strong two-way merchandise trade, services trade and direct investment growth as well as the growth of people-to-people links formed by KAFTA.

Some Australian attitudes have been more concerned. With Labor minister Penny Wong suggesting Australia's free trade agreement with South Korea should be scrutinized in greater depth. Citing a clause in the agreement which grants the Korean Government the right to reimpose large tariffs on Australian beef if exports grow by more than 2% a year. Similarly, Liberal backbencher at the time of KAFTAs signing Sharman Stone who represented the electorate of Murray in Victoria, a large agricultural electorate, criticised the FTA for failing to deliver reductions on a variety of Australian food exports.

Korean Attitudes
In 2014 KAFTA elevated the status of the economic relationship between South Korea and Australia, with South Korea becoming Australia's fourth largest trading partner as a result. Economically this has created a positive sentiment in the Korean market, with greater access to Australian mining and agricultural goods. Similarly South Korean Attitudes have been overall positive with Migration and education enriching the relationship between the two nations in the years since KAFTAs signing. Strategically, South Korea sits in a precarious position and the security relationship formed through KAFTA and diplomatic alignment has been a positive influence strategically for South Korea. Leading President Moon Jae-in to describe Australia as Korea's "everlasting friend and partner".

References

Australia–South Korea relations
Free trade agreements of South Korea
Free trade agreements of Australia
Abbott government
Treaties concluded in 2014
2014 in Australian law
2014 in South Korea
Global governance


title: Laevapex fuscus

text:
Laevapex fuscus, the dusky ancylid, is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

Geographic distribution
L. fuscus is found throughout North America east of the Great Plains, except for mountainous areas. It has been recorded in Canada, the United States, Jamaica and Puerto Rico.

Description
L. fuscus  was originally described as Ancylus fuscus in 1841 by Charles Baker Adams:

"Shell thin, transparent without the epidermis, not much elevated, elliptical, moderately curved at the sides; epidermis brown, visible through the shell, giving it the appearance of having the same color, thick, rough, slightly extending beyond the margin of the shell; apex obtuse, moderately prominent, scarcely behind the middle, inclining to the right, so as to have only two fifths of the width on that side.

Length, , width, ; height, ."

Habitat and ecology
L. fuscus generally occurs in lacustrine habitats, preferring calmer waters than other ancylid genera.

Simple annual (univoltine) and two-generation per year (bivoltine) life cycles have been reported in New York populations of L. fuscus. The bioenergetic data collected for the species suggest that its reproductive effort is in line with expectation from adult weight, and hence that its life history strategy is undifferentiated. The species is functionally protandric, despite being one of the more specialised of higher limnic pulmonate snails.

L. fuscus has been observed attached to the wings or hemelytra of the water bug species Belostoma flumineum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). This observation suggests that belostomatids might serve as a mode of transport and a passive dispersal agent for L. fuscus and other ancylid species.

See also
List of non-marine molluscs of the United States
List of non-marine molluscs of Jamaica
List of non-marine molluscs of Puerto Rico

References

Planorbidae
Molluscs of North America
Freshwater animals of North America
Gastropods described in 1841
Taxa named by Charles Baker Adams


title: José Esparza

text:
José Esparza is a Venezuelan American virologist who lives in the USA. He is known for his efforts to promote the international development and testing of vaccines against HIV/AIDS. During 17 years (until 1985) he pursued an academic career at the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), attaining positions as full professor of virology and chairman of its Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology.  From 1986 to 2014 he worked continuously as a viral vaccine expert and senior public health adviser for international health policy agencies such as the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. José G. Esparza is currently an adjunct professor of medicine, at the Institute of Human Virology (University of Maryland School of Medicine). During 2016 he was the president of the Global Virus Network. In the context of historical studies on the early use of horsepox for smallpox vaccination, Esparza was appointed in 2018 as a Robert Koch Fellow at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Germany. He is an active member of the Latin American Academy of Sciences, ACAL.

Biography
Esparza was born in Maracaibo on December 19, 1945. He attended both primary and secondary school at the local Jesuit Colegio Gonzaga, where he graduated in 1962.

Academic career
Esparza studied medicine at the Universidad del Zulia Medical School (Maracaibo), where he obtained an M.D. in 1968. During his undergraduate teenage years, Esparza teamed up with some of his teachers in viral research studies designed to characterize a large zoonotic outbreak of Venezuelan equine encephalitis affecting people and riding beasts in the nearby Guajira region and its surroundings. He entered IVIC (Caracas) to work at as a graduate student under the guidance of Gernot H. Bergold and then moved to Houston, TX, to pursue graduate studies under the mentorship of virologist Priscilla Shaffer and attend advanced virology courses given by Joseph L. Melnick. Esparza obtained his Ph.D. degree in virology and cell biology from Baylor College of Medicine in 1974. He then returned to Venezuela to work at IVIC where he became chairman and full professor of virology in 1985. As part of a sabbatical leave Esparza was invited by the Department of Microbiology & Immunology at Duke University (Durham, N.C.) to work with Wolfgang Joklik. At Durham, Esparza applied modern methods of molecular engineering to study reoviruses. He also applied such tools to the study of rotaviruses, a leading worldwide cause of infantile diarrhea which severely affects and causes many deaths in toddlers living in developing countries like Venezuela. By this stage Esparza had attained hands-on command of many aspects of viral research techniques (i.e., virus-isolation, culture, serotyping, structure, genetic engineering and vaccine development) as well as project-management expertise while heading studies of a variety of human viral pathologies including enchephalitis, herpes, and rotaviruses. In 1986 Esparza was then recruited as a medical officer by the Division of Communicable Diseases of the World Health Organization, a position which implied worldwide supervising responsibilities of research projects involving various vector-borne viral diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. In 1988 Esparza joined the recently created WHO Global Programme on AIDS and in 1996 he was required to head the Vaccine Development Unit sponsored jointly by WHO-UNAIDS, a task he undertook until 2004. He then joined the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation(Seattle) from 2004 to 2014, first as senior adviser on HIV Vaccines, and from 2011 as senior adviser on global health and vaccines. He then moved to Washington(DC), occupying a position as adjunct professor of medicine at the Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, where he continues writing about conceptual aspects of HIV-vaccine development and participating in the monitoring of some of the ongoing clinical trials for HIV-vaccine.

Research
 Herpes Virus Type 2 : genetic aspects. This was the subject of Esparza's Ph.D. dissertation (with honors) working under Priscilla Schaffer. Such work served as a basis for several publications focusing on mutations affecting the temperature sensitivity of the virus.
 Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Around the end of 1970s Esparza became involved in studies of various aspects of this zoonotic disease using both mosquito-cell cultures of the virus as well as an in-vivo experimental rat-model of the disease.
 Reovirus. This research -performed at Duke University- led to the cloning of the genes of the Dearning strain of reovirus serotype 3, and the subsequent sequencing and characterization of cloned S2 gene.
 Rotavirus. Esparza-Bracho researched on this area extensively, including aspects such as:
 Electron microscopic studies on multiplication of human rotavirus.
 Polypeptide composition and topography of bovine rotavirus.
 Molecular cloning of a human rotavirus genome.
 Antigenic variation of Latinamerican rotavirus.
 Structural studies of the rotavirus inner capsid.
 Gene sequence of some rotavirus proteins.

HIV vaccine development
Consistent with his advisory role at international agencies involved in HIV-vaccine development, Esparza's efforts in this field have emphasized the following aspects:
Characterization of HIV strains present in different countries to guide vaccine development.
Strengthening vaccine-trial action in various developing countries including Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand and Uganda.
Contributing to the development of ethical guidelines of conduct for HIV-vaccine trials.
Leadership to ensure that future HIV vaccines are available to all populations in need, and not only to those living in the economically developed world.
Spearheading the establishment of a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise as an alliance of independent organizations around the world devoted to accelerating the development of preventive HIV vaccine and related activities.

Honors and distinctions
 2023: Centennial Medal from the Venezuelan National Academy of Medicine
 2013: Distinguished Alumnus Award from Baylor College of Medicine
 2013: Lifetime Achievement Award (Public Service), Institute of Human Virology, Univ. Maryland.
 2013: Ivanovsky Medal of Virology, awarded by the Russian AIDS Society, Moscow, Russia.
 2012: Congressional Medal of Merit, House of Representatives, US Congress, Washington.
 2011: Plaque from Mahidol University, presented by HRH Princess Sirindhorn, Bangkok, Thailand.
 2005: "Hope is a Vaccine" award, GAIA Foundation, Providence, RI.
1999: Doctor Honoris Causa, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
1998: Elected Member, Venezuelan Academy of Medicine, Caracas.
1982: Order "Andres Bello", Ministry of Education, Venezuela.

References

1945 births
Venezuelan scientists
Venezuelan emigrants to the United States
People from Maracaibo
American virologists
Living people
Baylor College of Medicine alumni


title: International election standards

text:
International election standards are a set of principles and implementation guidelines for elections which have basis in the public international human rights law instruments. Sources of these standards are international (universal and regional) treaties, international customary law, political commitments, and internationally agreed principles of good practice adopted by governmental and non-governmental organisations.

International treaty standards
International treaty standards are agreements made by states voluntarily. Treaty monitoring body is responsible for monitoring the compliance of these standards. The most important treaty in setting the fundamental standards in elections is considered to be the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

References

Human rights instruments


title: 1932–33 in Mandatory Palestine football

text:
The 1932–33 season was the sixth season of competitive football in the British Mandate for Palestine under the Eretz Israel Football Association and the 1st under the Arab Palestine Sports Federation.

IFA Competitions

1932–33 Palestine League
Due to a dispute between Hapoel and Maccabi the 1932–33 Palestine League, which started on 29 October 1932, was played with Maccabi teams only. After the dispute was settled in early 1933, the league was abandoned.

Table

1933 Palestine Cup

The cup was contested by Jewish clubs only, as Arab and British teams didn't enter the competition. Both Tel Aviv clubs reached the final, Maccabi winning by a single late goal.

Final

Arab Palestine Sports Federation
A national league was organized for Arab clubs, which was won by Arab Sports Club from Jerusalem.

References


title: 2011 in Thailand

text:
The year 2011 was the 230th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 66th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2554 in the Buddhist Era. The year saw the election of Yingluck Shinawatra as prime minister, as well as the worst flooding in the country's history.

Incumbents
King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
Crown Prince: Vajiralongkorn
Prime Minister:
 until 5 August: Abhisit Vejjajiva
 starting 5 August: Yingluck Shinawatra
Supreme Patriarch: Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana

Events

January

February

March

April

May
Thailand's Got Talent (season 1) ended on May 29 with the Results Final.

June

July
2011 Thai general election took place on July 3, 2011. Yingluck Shinawatra became the first female prime minister in the history of Thailand.

August

September

October
2011 PTT Thailand Open ended on October 2. Andy Murray won the singles tournament and Oliver Marach and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi won the doubles tournament.

November

December

Births

Deaths

See also
 2011 Thai Premier League
 2011 Thai Division 1 League
 2011 Southern Thailand floods
 2011 in Thai football
 Thailand at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games
 Thailand's Got Talent (season 1)
 2011 in Thai television
 List of Thai films of 2011

References

External links
Year 2011 Calendar - Thailand

Years of the 21st century in Thailand
Thailand


title: 2014 ITS Cup

text:
The 2014 ITS Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Olomouc, Czech Republic, on 14–20 July 2014.

Singles main draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings as of 7 July 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Barbora Krejčíková
  Maria Marfutina
  Barbora Štefková
  Caroline Übelhör

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Martina Borecká
  Petra Krejsová
  Lara Michel
  Zuzana Zálabská

The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a lucky loser:
  Lidziya Marozava

Champions

Singles

  Petra Cetkovská def.  Denisa Allertová 3–6, 6–1, 6–4

Doubles

  Petra Cetkovská /  Renata Voráčová def.  Barbora Krejčíková /  Aleksandra Krunić 6–2, 4–6, [10–7]

External links
 2014 ITS Cup  at ITFtennis.com

Olomouc
ITS Cup
2014 in Czech tennis
2014 in Czech women's sport


title: John Snodgrass (diplomat)

text:
John Michael Owen Snodgrass  (12 August 1928 – 4 February 2008) was a British diplomat.

He was educated at Marlborough College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge (MA).

Position held
3rd Sec., Rome, 1953–1956
1st Sec., Beirut, 1960–1963
Consul-General to Jerusalem, 1970–74.
Counsellor British Embassy, South Africa, 1974–77.
Head of South Pacific, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1977–80.
Ambassador to Zaire, Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, 1980–83.
Ambassador to Bulgaria, 1983–86.

References

1928 births
2008 deaths
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Consuls-General of the United Kingdom to Jerusalem
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Bulgaria
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Republic of the Congo
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Rwanda
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Burundi
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George


title: International Festival of Carthage

text:
The International Festival of Carthage  () is an annual music festival taking place in July and August since 1964 in the coastal city of Carthage (Tunisia).

History
It was established as a two-day Jazz festival on the initiative by intellectuals in the early 1960s. In 1964 it was taken over by the Tunisian Ministry of Culture and its location became the Carthage Amphitheatre which was renovated for the festival. The amphitheatre has a capacity of 7,500 spectators. Since its founding, the Carthage Festival has attracted such artists from the Arab world as Ali Riahi, Hedi Jouini, Saber Rebaï, Kadhim Saher, Najwa Karam, Warda, Sherine and Majida El Roumi.

The festival features Arab-Mediterranean culture and all kinds of artwork. The festival has also played host to Jean Michel Jarre, Youssou N'Dour, Dalida, James Brown, Louis Armstrong, Ray Charles, Alpha Blondy, Joe Cocker, Serge Lama, Amália Rodrigues, Gérard Lenorman, Khaled and Charles Aznavour, as well as plays, dances, folk, and ballet.

References

External links
Official website (in French)

Music festivals in Tunisia
Summer events in Tunisia


title: Vishnu Bharati

text:
Vishnu Bharati was a medieval vaishnavite writer from Kamrup region, Assam. His most notable work is "Dhruva Charit, which details life and character of Dhruva".

See also
 Bhattadeva
 Sridhara Kandali

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Kamrupi literary figures


title: Digraph realization problem

text:
The digraph realization problem is a decision problem in graph theory. Given pairs of nonnegative integers , the problem asks whether there is a labeled simple directed graph such that each vertex  has indegree  and outdegree .

Solutions
The problem belongs to the complexity class P. Two algorithms are known to prove that. The first approach is given by the Kleitman–Wang algorithms constructing a special solution with the use of a recursive algorithm. The second one is a characterization by the Fulkerson–Chen–Anstee theorem, i.e. one has to validate the correctness of  inequalities.

Other Notations
The problem can also be stated in terms of zero-one matrices. The connection can be seen if one realizes that each directed graph has an adjacency matrix where the column sums and row sums correspond to  and . Note that the diagonal of the matrix only contains zeros. The problem is then often denoted by 0-1-matrices for given row and column sums. In the classical literature the problem was sometimes stated in the context of contingency tables by contingency tables with given marginals.

Related problems
Similar problems describe the degree sequences of simple graphs, simple directed graphs with loops, and simple bipartite graphs. The first problem is the so-called graph realization problem. The second and third one are equivalent and are known as the bipartite realization problem.  gives a characterization for directed multigraphs with a bounded number of parallel arcs and loops to a given degree sequence. The additional constraint of the acycilicity of the directed graph is known as dag realization.  proved the NP-completeness of this problem.  showed that the class of opposed sequences is in P. The problem uniform sampling a directed graph to a fixed degree sequence is to construct a solution for the digraph realization problem with the additional constraint that such each solution comes with the same probability. This problem was shown to be in FPTAS for regular sequences by  The general problem is still unsolved.

References

Computational problems in graph theory


title: Robban Andersson

text:
Jan Robert Andersson (born 3 April 1974), commonly known as Robban Andersson or Robinson-Robban, is a Swedish television personality who has participated in Expedition Robinson (the Swedish original to the US Survivor series) several times from 1999 until 2012. He has also participated in the celebrity version of Big Brother and in the Gladiatorerna.

Career
Andersson participated in Expedition Robinson several times between 1999 and 2012. The shows were broadcast on Sveriges Television and later on TV4. He has also worked as a sports teacher, as a reporter at Se & Hör and in a mine. Andersson made his television debut in Expedition Robinson 1999 on 25 September 1999. He has since participated in the series in 2003, 2005 and 2012. During the 2012 series, Robinson: Revanschen, Andersson set the world record for the most days spent on Survivor islands by amassing a total 126 days, beating the American contestant Rob "Boston Rob" Mariano's previous record of 117 days. In the same season he had his best result in the competition by placing second in the finale behind Mariana "Mirre" Hammarling. In 2012, he participated in the talk show Breaking News med Filip och Fredrik on Kanal5, on which he graded the different Expedition Robinson hosts over the years. Andersson made headlines when he appeared on the live Expedition Robinson finale in 2003 painted completely in blue, grabbed the winner's statuette and ate his ballot paper with his vote for the winner.

Andersson has also taken part in the TV4 show Gladiatorerna and participated in the Swedish celebrity version of Big Brother in 2002 on Kanal5. He participated in Talang 2010 under the alias "Mr Glupsk"; his talent was that he could eat thirteen sausages in two minutes.

In 2016, he participated in Realitystjärnorna på godset alongside other reality series stars such as Victoria Silvstedt and Meral Tasbas, the show was broadcast on TV3.

Personal life
He is in a relationship with Linda Lundin. Together the couple have two children: Tiger, born in 2010, and Chili, born in 2012.

References

1974 births
Swedish television personalities
Living people
People from Gällivare Municipality
Participants in Swedish reality television series


title: China University of Petroleum

text:
The China University of Petroleum (East China) is a national public university located in Qingdao, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and is co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education, five major state energy corporations, and the Province of Shandong. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First Class University Plan.

The China University of Petroleum (Beijing) is a national public university located in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First Class University Plan.

Since 2005, the two institutions became two separate legal entities with different constitutions and administrative boards. They have been two independent universities and shared no relations or connections since 2005.

History
The university, founded in 1953, was known then as Beijing Petroleum Institute. It was founded acquiring the best petroleum associated departments in the country:
 Petroleum research groups in Department of Geology, Department of Mining and Department of Chemical Engineering from Tsinghua University
 Petroleum research groups in four departments of Peiyang University (now Tianjin University)
 Part of Department of Chemical Engineering from Peking University
 Part of Department of Mathematics from Yanching University (now merged into Peking University)
 Some students and faculty from fluid fuel research group in Department of Chemical Engineering from Dalian Institute of Technology (now Dalian University of Technology)
 Some students and faculty in Department of Mining and Department of Chemical Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical Institute (now the Northwestern Polytechnical University)

It moved to Dongying, Shandong Province in 1969, with name changed to Huadong Petroleum Institute. In 1988, it was renamed The University of Petroleum consisting of one part in Dongying as the college and one in Beijing as the graduate school. Each gradually developed into universities with both undergraduate and graduate students. In January 2005, its name changed to China University of Petroleum. In 2004, China University of Petroleum (Huadong) began to move to Qingdao, and completed the relocation in 2012. The Dongying campus currently serves as the base for continuing education, remote education, research laboratories, and industry collaboration.

China University of Petroleum specializes in upstream, midstream and downstream petroleum science and engineering, in the overall level of domestic lead. Its five national key disciplines (second-level) are:
 Chemical Engineering and Technology
 Mineral Resources Prospecting and Exploration
 Oil and Gas Well Engineering
 Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering
 Oil and Gas Field Development Engineering

References

External links
 China University of Petroleum
  China University of Petroleum
 China University of Petroleum, Beijing
  China University of Petroleum, Beijing
 China University of Petroleum (Archive)
 China University of Petroleum, Beijing (Archive)
 中国石油大学（北京）克拉玛依校区学校简

Universities and colleges in Beijing
Universities and colleges in Qingdao
Universities and colleges established in 1953
1953 establishments in China
Petroleum engineering schools
Plan 111


title: 2014 USTA Player Development Classic

text:
The 2014 USTA Player Development Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Carson, California, United States, on July 14–20, 2014.

Singles main draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings as of July 7, 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Kristie Ahn
  Jamie Loeb
  Chiara Scholl
  Chanelle Van Nguyen

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Jennifer Elie
  Danielle Lao
  Tatjana Maria
  Alexandra Stevenson

Champions

Singles

  Nicole Gibbs def.  Melanie Oudin 6–4, 6–4

Doubles

  Michaëlla Krajicek /  Olivia Rogowska def.  Samantha Crawford /  Sachia Vickery 7–6(7–4), 6–1

External links
 2014 USTA Player Development Classic at ITFtennis.com

Carson
Hard court tennis tournaments in the United States
Tennis tournaments in California
2014 in American tennis
2014 in sports in California
July 2014 sports events in the United States


title: 1933–34 in Mandatory Palestine football

text:
The 1933–34 season was the seventh season of competitive football in the British Mandate for Palestine under the Eretz Israel Football Association and the 2nd under the Arab Palestine Sports Federation.

IFA Competitions

1933–34 Palestine League

Due to orders of the High Commissioner for Palestine, the second edition of the Palestine League was played without participation of British teams, including the reigning champions, British Police. Hapoel Tel Aviv won the title after completing a perfect season of 14 victories in 14 matches.

1934 Palestine Cup

10 clubs entered the competition, which ended, as the previous competition, with a Tel Aviv derby. This time Hapoel defeated Maccabi 3–2 and won the cup.

Final

National team

1934 World Cup Qualification

The EIFA entered a team to the 1934 World Cup, and was placed in Group 12 of the qualification rounds, with Egypt and Turkey. Following Turkey's withdrawal, the national team faced Egypt in a two-legged tie.
Prior to the first match the national team played three practice matches, the first against a Royal Air Force Palestine XI, which was won 7–2, the second against a British military team from Gaza, which was won 3–1, and the second against a Royal Air Force Middle East XI, which was won 8–1.

Egypt qualified for the final round.

Line-ups
Coaches:  Egon Pollak,  Shimon Ratner

16/03/1934:
GK: Willy Berger (Hap. Tel Aviv)
DF: Avraham Reznik (Mac. Tel Aviv), Pinhas Fiedler (Mac. Hasmonean)
MF: Zalman Friedman (Hap. Tel Aviv), Gedalyahu Fuchs (Hap. Haifa), Yohanan Sukenik (Hap. Tel Aviv)
FW: Amnon Harlap (Hap. Tel Aviv), Ferenc Kraus (Hap. Tel Aviv), Paul Kastenbaum (Hap. Tel Aviv), Haim Reich, Avraham Nudelman (Hap. Tel Aviv)

06/04/1934:
GK: Willy Berger (Hap. Tel Aviv)
DF: David Weinberg (Mac. Tel Aviv), Pinhas Fiedler (Mac. Hasmonean)
MF: Zalman Friedman (Hap. Tel Aviv), Gedalyahu Fuchs (Hap. Haifa), Yohanan Sukenik (Hap. Tel Aviv)
FW: Amnon Harlap (Hap. Tel Aviv), Ya'akov Levi-Meir (Hap. Tel Aviv), Ya'akov Zelivanski (Mac. Tel Aviv), Haim Reich, Avraham Nudelman (Hap. Tel Aviv)

References