title: .hack//G.U. Trilogy

text:
is a 2008 Japanese CGI anime original video animation (OVA) directed by Hiroshi Matsuyama based on CyberConnect2's games .hack//G.U.. It was released on January 25, 2008 on DVD and Blu-ray format. The OVA features the voice talents of Takahiro Sakurai, Ayako Kawasumi, Hiroki Touchi and Kaori Nazuka. Its story focuses on an online gamer known as Haseo who seeks to find the player killer Tri-Edge who sent his friend Shino on a coma after her character was killed in the game.

Director Matsuyama aimed to retell the story from the .hack//G.U. trilogy but with enhanced visuals, following issues with fans of the series who were not able to play the game as a result of lacking enough free time. Feeling the need to add new content not seen in games, Matsuyama came with the idea of giving Haseo another redesign. The OVA features a theme song "Deepest Memories" by Japanese music artist Tomoyo Mitani.

Upon release, critics were divided in regards to the OVA's narrative, finding it too rushed due to the inclusion of too many characters in too little time but praised the bond Haseo forms with Atoli as well. The presentation, though, received mostly positive response for the fights provided with the visuals as well as the performance from the main voice actors.

Plot
In a popular online game called "The World", a player named Haseo searches for a Player Killer (PK) called Tri-Edge to save his friend, Shino, who was PKed and rendered comatose in real life as the result. One day, he encounters a girl named Atoli, who uses the same PC as Shino after a disagreement with Atoli's superior, Sakaki, regarding his PKK activities. Haseo meets his former guild master, Ovan, who informs Haseo that Tri-Edge will appear again at the place where Shino was PKed. Haseo fights the fighter but is defeated and loses all his PC's powers.

The defeated Haseo is taken by a group of CC Corp system administrators called G.U., which consists of its leader Yata, and his two subordinates Pi and Kuhn. They reveal that Haseo is one of special PCs known as the Epitaph Users that possesses special power to control a being known as Avatar. G.U. offers to help Haseo in finding Tri-Edge in exchange he joins G.U. and help to exterminate an unknown A.I bug called AIDA that causes multiple players to fall into a coma in real life. Wishing to help, Atoli approaches Haseo and starts to spend times with him, but Haseo later rejects her in rage. Ovan manipulates Atoli to look for Tri-Edge to gain Haseo's acceptance. Learning Atoli's disappearance caused by an AIDA phenomenon, Haseo pursues Atoli with Pi and Kuhn. When they found Atoli, Tri-Edge appears once more. Haseo awakens his Avatar, Skeith, and defeat his nemesis. Upon his defeat, however, Atoli is attacked by AIDA, causing her PC data to deteriorate. To save her, Haseo shares his PC data with Atoli. During the process, Ovan hacks into G.U., transporting Haseo and Atoli to an area. In Atoli's mind space, Haseo confronts the AIDA-infected Atoli, freeing her from its influence. When they regain consciousness, they are shocked to find Pi and Kuhn's PCs destroyed with a Tri-Edge sign left behind. Ovan appears, revealing an AIDA arm. Ovan PKed Atoli and admit to being the true Tri-Edge who killed Shino.

Shocked and angered by Ovan's betrayal, Haseo's rage transforms him, but is still not enough to surpass Ovan. Atoli helps him to remember his true reason for fighting, enhancing his PC again. As Haseo wins the fight, it is revealed that Ovan has unintentionally made his sister, Aina, comatose, after being infected by AIDA. To save her and eradicate all AIDA, Ovan successfully awakened his sister at the cost of himself, leaving Haseo grief-stricken. Atoli uses her Avatar's power to send Haseo to the sea of data to save Ovan. After the battle, Haseo meets Atoli at Hulle Granz Cathedral and is approached by Shino who has regained her consciousness. Realizing Haseo and Atoli's mutual feelings for one another, Shino gives them her blessing.

In the post-credit scene, Aina is playing on a field with Ovan happily. Meanwhile, Pi's player, Reiko Saeki, is contacted by an unknown man, reporting that the threat has been dealt with and a group known as Schicksal is on the move.

Cast

The cast follows:
 Takahiro Sakurai as Haseo
 Ayako Kawasumi as Atoli
 Hiroki Touchi as Ovan
 Kaori Nazuka as Shino
 Sanae Kobayashi as Pi
 Shinichiro Miki as Kuhn
 Takumi Yamazaki as Yata
 Akiko Hiramatsu as Bordeaux
 Atsuko Enomoto as Aina
 Katsuyuki Konishi as Sakaki
 Maaya Sakamoto as Aura
 Masumi Asano as Alkaid
 Sayaka Aida as Azure Kite
Toshihiko Seki Genius (voice at the end)

Production

Hiroshi Matsuyama decided to create a film with CyberConnect2 ever since the making of the second .hack//G.U. game. By May 2006, Matsuyama read articles in regards to how people reacted to the first .hack/G.U. game impressed the animation. However, Matsuyama felt some were unable to play a 30-hour-long game based on comments of lacking the free time to the point fans wanted to watch a DVD with all the cutscenes in the game. Matsuyama related with many of these comments focused on lack of free time as well as difficulties with finishing lengthy games such as role-playing games. The team sought to combine all scenes from the trilogy in the OVA but only had 72 minutes. This proved difficult as there was no way the film would fit every scene. There were a total of 43 in the final product which were edited to fit the hardware of the PlayStation 3.

The company had already produced multiple games for the .hack and Naruto: Ultimate Ninja series. The company listened to feedback from their fans in regards to what elements from their series they had to improve in order to create a new product. Matsuyama was influenced by his desire to produce challenging visual graphics with the film. The narrative was meant to cover both the .hack//G.U. games and the prequel anime .hack//Roots. As a result, CyberConnect2 worked into giving Haseo's multiple facial expressions since his character underwent multiple changes of personality in the narrative. Although initially centered on Haseo, Matsuyama wanted to film to explore Atoli's character furthermore and how she is connected to Haseo's quest of revenge. Another character given more importance was Ovan in contrast to his previous incarnation. In regards to the 3D animation, Matsuyama used his experience in the Naruto games to provide new similar action scenes. CyberConnect2's idea was to take advantage of the HD graphics presented in .hack//G.U.. The animation was based on cel shading to produce colorful areas fitting for PlayStation 3 games.

Matsuyama wanted him to give the cast more realistic expressions, resulting in alterations to their design. He wanted the film to deeply focus on Haseo and Atoli's relationship. Additionally, with the film Matsuyama wanted to give Haseo another design as he felt retelling the story with the same abilities the character possessed would not attract returning fans. This was called "B-st Form" which occurs when Haseo loses his control when believing Atoli is killed. In trailers of the film, Haseo's B-st form was kept in secret to the point he joked they might be different characters. Matsuyama gave multiple directions to Sakurai for the Trilogy film, including how he should act in a scene like he was throwing up due to his large amount of yells Haseo has when achieving the B-st form. In contrast to the original games where Ovan becomes an ally to Haseo, the Trilogy OVA was written with the opposite result. Haseo's character arc in the movie comes in the form of how he is obsessed with violence during his struggles with Ovan and thus reaches his Xth Form when coming on terms with the flaws of his ways. Matsuyama felt this take on Haseo was well executed. The music was composed by Chikayo Fukuda while the theme "Deepest Memories" was performed by Tomoyo Mitani. "Deepest Memories" was thought by Matsuyama as an ideal romantic theme song that would play in the film ever since he thought about the making of Trilogy. The original tracks from the video games were rearranged to fit the format. Not satisfied with the complete OVA, Matsuyama decided to add a Parody Mode to the product in order to produce extra material for fans to have fun.

CyberConnect2 first announced the OVA it in Tokyo Game Show during September 2007. Its original soundtrack was released on March 26, 2008 featuring twenty-three tracks. Bandai Entertainment obtained rights to the film in August 2008. It was limitedly screened in Japan between December 2007 and January 2008. It was released on January 25, 2008 in home media format in Japan, while on August 18, 2009 in English regions by Bandai. It was rereleased in Blu-ray format in Japan on November 27, 2017. Crunchyroll obtained rights to stream the OVA in January 2018. The original soundtrack was released in Japan on March 26, 2008 as .hack//G.U. Trilogy O.S.T. and featured a total of twenty-three themes.

Reception

Sales for the DVD and Blu-ray have been positive, based on charts in Japanese sites. Early impressions of the OVA were positive with Siliconera being surprised by the quality of the visuals.

Following the release of the movie in English regions, reviews were mixed negative comments focusing on Haseo's early portrayal, but his interactions with Atoli being praised. Carl Kimlinger from Anime News Network referred to Haseo's and Atoli's relationship as one of the best parts from the film .hack//G.U. Trilogy, pointing to the scene in which the former confronts the latter's AIDA-infected. He called Haseo an "unsympathetic bastard of a lead" though for his antisocial and aggressive manners. Jeuxact found Haseo as too unlikeable in the film in contrast to his more enjoyable persona from Roots. The Fandom Post had mixed thoughts about the narrative due to the idea of the film feeling rushed as a result of employing multiple characters not present from Roots but felt Haseo's interactions with Ovan and Atoli are the best points. Capsule Monsters regarded it as an "absolute mess" due to the narrative attempts to introduce multiple characters in little time but still felt the character arc Haseo has with Atoli to be one of the film's strongest points. The reviewer also regarded Atoli's character as one of the strongest ones in the film. Paul Jensen from Anime News Network was more negative, panning Haseo's characterization and, stating that while Atoli is likable, her relationship with Haseo was not well developed.

Journalists also commented on the film's visuals, which were mostly received well. While also having different thoughts in regards to the use of CGI animation, The Fandom Post found it enjoyable, fitting of an anime. Capsule Monsters praised the visuals for its action scenes, especially pointing Haseo's fast-paced fights. ANN highly praised the visuals for the action fights choreography as well as character's facial expressions. Jeuxact made similar comments in regards to the visuals, praising Hiroshi Matsuyama's direction as well as character designs. comparing it with the 2005 CGI film Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children but found Trilogy to lack the realism from Advent Children visuals. Both Haseo and Atoli's actors, Takahiro Sakurai and Ayako Kawasumi, were highly praised for their work in the OVA. ANN enjoyed Kawasumi's vocal range of emotions to Atoli but was had mixed thoughts about how Sakurai can make Haseo more likable despite his striking performance.

References

.hack anime and manga
Compilation films


title: Lörrach – Müllheim

text:
Lörrach – Müllheim is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 282. It is located in southwestern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the district of Lörrach and southwestern parts of the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald.

Lörrach – Müllheim was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Diana Stöcker of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Geography
Lörrach – Müllheim is located in southwestern Baden-Württemberg. As of the 2021 federal election, it comprises the Lörrach district and the municipalities of Auggen, Bad Krozingen, Badenweiler, Ballrechten-Dottingen, Buggingen, Eschbach, Hartheim am Rhein, Heitersheim, Müllheim, Münstertal/Schwarzwald, Neuenburg am Rhein, Staufen im Breisgau, and Sulzburg from the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district.

History
Lörrach – Müllheim was created in 1949, then known as Lörrach. It acquired its current name in the 1965 election. In the 1949 election, it was Baden constituency 3 in the numbering system. In the 1953 through 1961 elections, it was number 185. In the 1965 through 1976 elections, it was number 189. In the 1980 through 1998 elections, it was number 186. In the 2002 and 2005 elections, it was number 283. Since the 2009 election, it has been number 282.

Originally, the constituency comprised the districts of Lörrach, Säckingen, and Müllheim. In the 1965 through 1976 elections, it comprised the districts of Lörrach and Müllheim. It acquired its current borders in the 1980 election.

Members
The constituency has been held by Christian Democratic Union (CDU) during all but three Bundestag terms since its creation. It was first represented by Lambert Schill from 1949 to 1957, followed by Herbert Wolff from 1957 to 1961 and Karl August Bühler from 1961 to 1969. Heinz Eyrich was representative from 1969 to 1980, followed by Wilhelm Jung from 1980 to 1990 and Ortrun Schätzle from 1990 to 1998. Marion Caspers-Merk of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was elected in 1998 and served until 2009. Armin Schuster of the CDU was representative from 2009 to 2021. He was succeeded by party fellow Diana Stöcker in 2021.

Election results

2021 election

2017 election

2013 election

2009 election

Notes

References

Federal electoral districts in Baden-Württemberg
1949 establishments in West Germany
Constituencies established in 1949
Lörrach (district)
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald


title: Merit Medal in Bronze

text:
The Merit Medal in Bronze, post-nominal letters MMB, was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, who had distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by service of a high order.

uMkhonto we Sizwe
uMkhonto we Sizwe, abbreviated as MK, "Spear of the Nation" in Zulu, was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC). It was established on 16 December 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government inside South Africa. On 27 April 1994, Umkhonto we Sizwe was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Merit Medal in Bronze, post-nominal letters MMB, was instituted by the President of South Africa in April 1996. It is the junior award of a set of three decorations for merit, along with the Decoration for Merit in Gold and the Merit Medal in Silver.

uMkhonto we Sizwe's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the South African Defence Force and these three decorations are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Southern Cross Decoration and Pro Merito Decoration, the Southern Cross Medal (1975) and Pro Merito Medal (1975), and the Military Merit Medal.

Award criteria
The decoration could be awarded to veteran cadres of uMkhonto we Sizwe who had distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by service of a high order.

Order of wear

The position of the Merit Medal in Bronze in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

uMkhonto we Sizwe

Official MK order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Merit Medal in Silver (MMS).
 Succeeded by the Operational Medal for Southern Africa.

South African National Defence Force until 26 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Medal for Merit (BMM) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal of the Republic of Ciskei.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Medal for Merit (BMM) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal of the Republic of Ciskei.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Medal for Merit (BMM) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (PB) of the Republic of South Africa.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Medal for Merit (BMM) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (PB) of the Republic of South Africa.

Description
Obverse
The Merit Medal in Bronze was struck in bronze and has an engrailed edge which has nine points, to fit in a circle 38 millimetres in diameter. It depicts the Umkhonto we Sizwe emblem and a protea flower in each of the nine points.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and dark blue, with a 12 millimetres wide dark yellow band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Merit Medal in Bronze was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

References

Military decorations and medals of uMkhonto we Sizwe
1996 establishments in South Africa
Awards established in 1996
Awards disestablished in 2003
2003 disestablishments in South Africa


title: Sukarnoputri

text:
Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian patronymic. Notable people with this patronymic include:
Fatmawati Sukarnoputri (1923–1980), National Hero of Indonesia; mother of Megawati
Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947), Indonesian politician
Rachmawati Sukarnoputri (1950–2021), Indonesian politician
Sukmawati Sukarnoputri (born 1951), daughter of Fatmawati


title: The Shipwrights Arms

text:
The Shipwrights Arms is a Grade II listed public house at 88 Tooley Street, London Bridge, London.

It was built in the mid-late 19th century.

See also

Customer Service
Customer Experience
Trading Standards

References

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark
Grade II listed pubs in London
Pubs in the London Borough of Southwark


title: Show Me (Joe Tex song)

text:
"Show Me"  is a title track of the 1967 album by Joe Tex, who also wrote the song. The single was Joe Tex's  fourteenth release to make the US R&B chart.  "Show Me" went to #24 on the R&B chart and #35 on the Hot 100.

Cover versions
In 1967, Checkmates, Ltd. released a version of the song on their debut album, Live! At Caesar's Palace.
In 1969, Lulu recorded a cover that was included in her Lulu's Album release.
In 1972, Barbara Mandrell recorded the song for her album The Midnight Oil.  Her version peaked at #11 on the Hot Country Singles chart.
In 1976, Eddie and the Hot Rods released a version of the song on their album Teenage Depression.
In 1991, a cover is included in the Alan Parker film The Commitments and released on the film's second soundtrack album, The Commitments, Vol. 2, released in 1992.
Tom Jones performed the song often, and included it on his 1994 album The Lead and How to Swing it.
In 2017, Ronnie Baker Brooks recorded the song. His cover was included on his Times Have Changed release.

References

1967 singles
1967 songs
Joe Tex songs
Checkmates, Ltd. songs
Lulu (singer) songs
Barbara Mandrell songs
Eddie and the Hot Rods songs
Songs written by Joe Tex


title: List of Brazilian films of 1983

text:
A list of films produced in Brazil in 1983:

See also
1983 in Brazil
1983 in Brazilian television

References

External links
Brazilian films of 1983 at the Internet Movie Database

Brazil
1983
Films


title: Fructose-asparagine

text:
Fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) is a glycosylamine compound that is most notably used by Salmonella during Salmonella-mediated inflammation of the intestine.  In addition to Salmonella, several other species of bacteria may utilize fructose-asparagine as a nutrient. The name of the genetic locus that encodes the uptake capability in Salmonella is fra.  This fra locus has five genes: fraR (a regulator), fraB a fructose-asparagine deglycase, fraD a sugar kinase, fraA a fructose-asparagine transporter, and fraE a L-asparaginase. Notably, mutations in fraB cause the buildup of the toxic intermediate 6-phosphofuctose-aspartate (6-P-F-Asp).  The buildup of 6-P-F-Asp has a bacteriostatic effect on fraB mutant cells, making FraB a potential drug target.

Properties
Fructose-asparagine is a aminodeoxysugar.
It takes the form of a pale yellow solid.  It decomposes above 120 °C.

Production
Fructose-asparagine is formed when cooking food by way of the Maillard reaction.
Fructose-asparagine can be prepared by refluxing D-glucose with sodium bisulfite in methanol, and then adding L-asparagine, and then acetic acid or malonic acid. An ion exchange resin then can separate the product from other contaminants.

Fructose-asparagine is found naturally in some foods, with dried asparagus containing 1.4% and carrot containing 0.1%.

F-Asn Utilization Pathway and fra Gene Locus

fraR
A regulator gene that lies upstream of the fraBDAE operon.  It is predicted to encode a transcription regulator that belongs to the GntR family.

fraE
fraE encodes the periplasmic fructose-asparaginase FraE that removes ammonia from F-Asn to form fructose-aspartate (F-Asp).  Mutations in fraE do not prevent F-Asn utilization due to redundancy conferred by the ansB gene that codes for the asparaginase AnsB. It is hypothesized fraE may have resulted from a past duplication of ansB, which then underwent selection for specificity for F-Asn.  FraE is specific for F-Asn and cannot function as a general periplasmic asparaginase like ansB.

fraA
fraA encodes a transporter of the Dcu family, which moves F-Asp, but not F-Asn, into the cytoplasm.

fraD
fraD encodes the sugar kinase FraD that phosphorylates F-Asp into 6-phosphofuctose-aspartate (6-P-F-Asp).  It is unusual in that it can phosphorylate both the L and D stereoisomers of F-Asp.

fraB
fraB functions as a deglycase that cleaves 6-P-F-Asp into glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and aspartate. Mutants lacking fraD or fraA are unable to grow in media containing only F-Asn, but are able to grow in media containing F-Asn along with glucose as an alternative carbon source.  However, fraB mutants are unable to grow on glucose in the presence of F-Asn.  This is due to the accumulation of 6-P-F-Asp inside the cell.  This intermediate product has been shown to be bacteriostatic to Salmonella.  This property makes FraB a potential target for drug treatments selective to Salmonella.

Usage By Salmonella
Many gastrointestinal Salmonella serovars encode the fra locus, presumably to utilize fructose-asparagine within the inflamed gut environment. When Salmonella infects a host, it uses two Type 3 secretion systems, encoded within the genes SPI1 and SPI2, to initiate inflammation. This disrupts normal microbiota, and creates alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate and tetrathionate, and even allows oxygen to accumulate near epithelial surfaces.  Microbiota that would normally consume F-Asn are eliminated by inflammation, allowing Salmonella access to this nutrient. The fra operon confers a fitness advantage to Salmonella in an inflamed intestinal tract. However, this is not due to  fructose-asparagine being an essential nutrient, but rather because fructose-asparagine is toxic to a fraB mutant of Salmonella, Notable serovars of Salmonella enterica that do not utilize fructose-asparagine and are missing the fra operon include Typhi and Paratyphi A.  This is likely due to their extraintestinal niche within the host.

Usage By Other Bacteria
F-Asn is abundant in the intestinal tract of germ-free mice, but is difficult to detect in conventional mice. This suggests that there are members of the microbiota that can consume F-Asn. It was recently discovered that several Clostridium, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella species can utilize F-Asn.  Notably, C. difficile cannot utilize F-Asn. Salmonella is able to eliminate competition from these species by causing inflammation within the host intestinal tract.  This kills other members of the microbiota that consume F-Asn and leave Salmonella the sole user of the nutrient.  Bioinformatic approaches suggest that Salmonella may have acquired the fra genes by horizontal transfer from the Clostridia.

References

Alpha-Amino acids
Amino acid derivatives
Monosaccharide derivatives


title: The Wheatsheaf, Southwark

text:
The Wheatsheaf is a public house at 6 Stoney Street, Borough, Southwark, London.

It was rebuilt in 1840. The building was Grade II listed in 1998, it being noted that the interior was well preserved.
The pub closed for four years beginning in 2009, during which the top storey was removed to make way for the Thameslink Programme viaduct. A competing Red Car Pubs venue opened nearby, but now uses the name "Sheaf".

The 2017 London Bridge attack also took place in the surrounding area, with people stabbed in the Wheatsheaf and other nearby pubs and restaurants, and with all three attackers, wearing what turned out to be fake explosive vests shot dead outside the Wheatsheaf by police marksmen at 10:16pm on Friday 3 June.

References

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark
Grade II listed pubs in London
Pubs in the London Borough of Southwark


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 91 kg

text:
The men's heavyweight (91 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 9 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
RSCH — Won by referee stop contest head blow
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed

References

External links
Official website

91


Naval Auxiliary Air Station Martha's Vineyard was a United States Navy facility located in Edgartown and West Tisbury, Massachusetts operational from 1943 to 1946. It existed as an auxiliary air facility of Naval Air Station Quonset Point.

History
The facility was commissioned within the borders of Manuel F. Correllus State Forest on 26 March, 1943 on land donated to the United States Navy from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Three 3,700 foot runways were built on the land, and were paved with asphalt. A crash boat and crew were based in Vineyard Haven, and a rocket firing range was set up in Katama near Edgartown Airfield, which was closed during the war. Five targets for gunnery and bombing were also set up at the Nomans Land Range. Carrier Air Service Unit 22 was stationed at the airfield to operate, service aircraft, and train personnel as well as tow target aircraft. It was renamed Naval Auxiliary Air Station in 1945. 21 Navy and Marine Corps squadrons passed through the station during the war, before it was decommissioned on 27 May, 1946. The state was immediately placed in caretaker status and leased to the county for civil aviation, and was eventually disposed of in 1959.

Today, the field operates as Martha's Vineyard Airport.

See also
 List of military installations in Massachusetts

References

Installations of the United States Navy in Massachusetts
Military installations closed in 1946
Edgartown, Massachusetts
West Tisbury, Massachusetts
Defunct airports in Massachusetts
Martha's Vineyard
Closed installations of the United States Navy


title: Six Songs

text:
Six Songs may refer to:

Music

Classical compositions
A number of compositions by Charles Gounod (1818–1893)
A number of compositions by Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871–1942)
A number of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
A number of compositions by Edvard Grieg (1843–1907)
A number of compositions by Jean Sibelius (1865 – 1957)
A number of compositions by Paul Hindemith (1895–1963)
A number of compositions by Max Reger (1873–1916)
Six Songs, Op. 8 (1868–1870), by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Six songs, Op. 4, by Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943)

Albums and EPs
Melvins! (album), also known as Six Songs, by the Melvins (1986)
6 Songs, an album by The Offspring

See also
Six Songs from A Shropshire Lad (1911) by George Butterworth
6 Songs for Bruce, a 1985 demo cassette by Soundgarden
Six Songs with Mike Singing, a 1985 EP from Eye for an Eye (Corrosion of Conformity album)
Six Songs of Hellcity Trendkill, a 2002 EP by Private Line
Seis canciones españolas (1939), by Matilde Salvador i Segarra
Seis canciones del Alto Duero para voz y piano by Manuel Valls (1920–1984)
Seis Canciones Escolares  by María Luisa Sepúlveda (1898–1958)
Seis canciones españolas  by Miguel Ángel Coria (1937–2016)
Seis canciones portuguesas (1940–41), by Ernesto Halffter
Seis canciones Castellanas by Conrado del Campo(1878–1953)
Seis canciones castellanas (Six Castilian Songs) (1939), by Jesús Guridi
Six chansons pour piano (1950–51), by Iannis Xenakis
(6) Chansons de théâtre Op. 151b (1936), by Darius Milhaud


title: Low Cut Connie

text:
Low Cut Connie is an American rock and roll band based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Low Cut Connie has become the alter ego for frontman, pianist, and songwriter Adam Weiner, who has been the band's only constant member since its formation. Beginning as an impromptu recording session in 2010, Low Cut Connie gradually evolved into a vehicle for Weiner's songwriting and his onstage persona. The band has earned praise for its high-energy live performances, which Los Angeles Weekly described as "unmatched in all of rock right now." NPR Music described Weiner as “masterfully fluent in the foundational languages of Western pop.” Low Cut Connie has also gained notoriety for attracting high-profile endorsements such as a surprise inclusion on Barack Obama’s Spotify Summer Playlist in 2015, and a personal association with Elton John, who has called the band one of his favorites. Drummer/bassist Jarae Lewis joined in 2019.

History

Early years
Weiner performed extensively as a solo artist prior to forming Low Cut Connie.

While living in New York City, he played piano in gay bars, karaoke bars, restaurants, and ballet classes— often under the name Ladyfingers. He toured throughout North America and Europe playing to sometimes unforgiving crowds in dive bars, honky tonks, anarchist squats, warehouses and drag bars.

Weiner started the project that would become Low Cut Connie with former members Dan Finnemore (from Birmingham, England) and Neil Duncan (from Gainesville, Florida). After one band member suggested "the Low Cut" as a potential band name and another suggested "the Connies," Weiner combined the two names and dubbed the project Low Cut Connie. He later drew a sketch of a diner waitress from southern New Jersey and decided that she was "Connie." The drawing is on the cover of the band's debut album.

Get Out the Lotion
The group recorded their debut album, Get Out the Lotion, in guitarist Neil Duncan's garage in Gainesville, Florida, over a period of four days in the summer of 2010. The band recorded songs written by both Weiner and Finnemore, with Duncan engineering. This initial collaboration was informal in nature. At the time of recording, the band and project were both unnamed. Independently recorded and released in 2011, Get Out the Lotion garnered surprising critical attention, including an "A−" from Robert Christgau writing for MSN, and high marks from NPR's Ken Tucker, who praised Weiner's "buzzsaw yowl." The album also prompted Merrill Garbus to name Low Cut Connie her "favorite artist of the year," and was awarded 3.5 out of 5 stars by Rolling Stone, which described it as "what indie rock might sound like were it invented in Alabama in the late Fifties."

Call Me Sylvia
The band began work on their second album, Call Me Sylvia, in 2011. Finnemore moved to the U.S. in advance of the record's release on September 24, 2012. Original guitarist Neil Duncan departed the band shortly after the album's release. Call Me Sylvia currently holds a score of 80% on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews," including a 4-out-of-5 star review from AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine. PopMatters gave the album a score of 7 out of 10, favorably comparing Weiner's piano playing to that of Jerry Lee Lewis. Rolling Stone also likened the album's gritty DIY aesthetic to the work of the Replacements. Barack Obama included the song "Boozophilia" from Call Me Sylvia on his Spotify summer playlist in 2015. Rolling Stone included Call Me Sylvia on its list of the 100 Best Albums of the 2010s.

Hi Honey
In January 2015, Low Cut Connie announced the completion of their third album, Hi Honey, and was released on April 21, 2015, via Weiner's Contender Records. The record was produced by Thomas Brenneck, former member of Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings, and producer for projects by Charles Bradley, Black Lips, and Alabama Shakes. Hi Honey features contributions from new band members James Everhart (guitar) and Will Donnelly (bass guitar), as well as guest contributions from Tune-Yards, Dean Ween, Greg Cartwright of Reigning Sound, members of The Dap-Kings, Budos Band, and a cameo by Vincent Pastore of the Sopranos. The album was recorded at a small studio owned by Daptone Records. Hi Honey received critical acclaim, including being named No. 2 album of the year by NPR/Sound Opinions critic Jim DeRogatis.

Dirty Pictures (Parts 1 & 2)
In May 2016, Weiner and the band began work on Dirty Pictures, which was designed for release in two parts. Dirty Pictures (Part 1) was released on May 19, 2017, by Contender Records to positive critical response. In its review of the album, Rolling Stone drew comparisons to The Rolling Stones, New York Dolls, Jerry Lee Lewis and Paul Westerberg. On May 18, 2018, Low Cut Connie released Dirty Pictures (Part 2), also on Contender Records. The band's fifth album premiered on NPR Music's First Listen with writer Alison Fensterstock noting, “the Philadelphia band's work comes from a place that's fresh, original, and truly pledged to rock and roll.” In his four star review, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke called Dirty Pictures (Part 2) a “stand-alone triumph of missionary zeal.” The album debuted on Billboard's Independent albums chart. In June 2018, Rolling Stone named the album to its list of 50 Best Albums of 2018 So Far. The publication also named Dirty Pictures (Part 2)'''s single “Beverly” one of the 50 Best Songs of 2018. “Beverly” also received recognition from public radio stations around the US, and was named the #1 Most Played Song of 2018 by Philadelphia's WXPN, WXPN's #4 Listener's Choice, and #24 in New York's WFUV list of Top 90 Songs of 2018.

 Private Lives
On October 16, 2020, Low Cut Connie released the double-length, 17-song Private Lives on Contender Records. Low Cut Connie's sixth album features principal member Adam Weiner with guitarist and long-time collaborator Will Donnelly, as well as a rotating cast of nearly 30 different musicians. Weiner recorded and produced Private Lives on the road, cutting songs in studios across the U.S. during the band's extensive 2019 touring schedule. Private Lives earned critical praise upon its release, with Robert Christgau grading the double-LP an "A−", and calling it “meaty, purposeful, evolved, virtuosic garage-rock with an evangelical edge.” PopMatters ranked Private Lives No. 27 on its list of The 60 Best Albums of 2020 and named it the #1 Best Americana Album of the Year. Private Lives ranked No. 34 among Rolling Stone's Best Albums of 2020, #4 on Fresh Air's Top 10 Albums of 2020, and was also included on year-end lists from WXPN's The Key, AllMusic, Glide Magazine, and Indy Review. The album's title track, “Private Lives,” ranked among Public Radio's Most Popular Songs of 2020, according to NPR Music.

 Tough Cookies
The COVID-19 crisis and the resulting shut-down of the live music industry forced Low Cut Connie off the road in early 2020. With music venues shuttered and his touring band in quarantine, Weiner performed a livestream concert for a virtual audience out of his South Philadelphia home on March 19, 2020. Weiner dubbed the show Tough Cookies as a tribute to his devoted fan base.

Weiner—often with accompaniment from long-time guitarist and collaborator Will Donnelly—began producing a weekly 1-hour variety show. The show pulled material from a catalog of original songs and cover songs and from interviews with fellow musicians including Dion DiMucci, Darlene Love, Colin Hay, Don Bryant, Joan Osborne, Matthew Sweet, Richard Hell, Mike Nesmith, Amy Rigby, members of Sly and the Family Stone, and others. Tough Cookies has received critical praise for its intimacy and Weiner's energetic performance style. On December 21, 2020, The New Yorker published a full-length feature on the Tough Cookies variety show, naming Weiner “Pandemic Person of the Year” for his ongoing efforts to raise spirits during the COVID-19 pandemic. On February 20, 2021, Tough Cookies, in collaboration with the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, began airing regular features spotlighting the museum's historical artifacts, exhibits, and inductees.

 Celebrity support
In addition to critical praise, the band has garnered support from several high-profile individuals including Barack Obama, Elton John, Bruce Springsteen, Howard Stern, Rob Thomas and Nick Hornby.

In August 2015, former President Barack Obama included the band's song "Boozophilia" on his presidential Spotify playlist. Weiner posted on Facebook that they were “completely humbled and honored and confused" by their inclusion alongside artists like Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, and Bob Dylan. Weiner and his wife met Obama at the White House in May 2016 during a special meeting arranged by presidential photographer Pete Souza.

On September 12, 2018, Elton John dedicated a song to Low Cut Connie at his sold-out show at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia. Before performing "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me,” Elton John announced, "There's a band that I love at the moment so much called Low Cut Connie, who are also from Philadelphia. And I'd like to dedicate this song to them right now, because I love them very much, And you should check them out. Buy their records, go see them.” Low Cut Connie had previously been featured on Elton John's radio show Rocket Hour on Beats 1 in July 2017 and August 2018.

In June 2018, Weiner met Bruce Springsteen backstage at Springsteen on Broadway, where he learned Springsteen was a fan of the band. Award-winning author Nick Hornby and radio personality Howard Stern are also a fans of the band. The band was featured twice on Stern's Wrap Up Show, as well as performing in the Howard Stern Tribute to David Bowie.

On January 20, 2021, Low Cut Connie performed as part of the festivities for 46th President Joe Biden's inauguration. The band headlined a virtual home state inauguration event called A Love Letter to Pennsylvania that included appearances from Pennsylvania Senator Bob Casey and Delaware Senator Chris Coons, as well as the incoming President Biden and First Lady Jill Biden.

 Network television debut
On August 13, 2018, Low Cut Connie made their network television debut, performing “All These Kids Are Way Too High” off of Dirty Pictures (Part 2) on Late Night with Seth Meyers. Rolling Stone lauded the band's appearance, saying the band delivered “energy and swagger” to their “rollicking performance."

 Festival appearances
In support of the 2018 release Dirty Pictures (Part 2), the band made their debut at several notable US festivals, including Newport Folk Festival, Bonnaroo, Pickathon, and BottleRock. Their performance at Newport Folk Festival was praised by critics, including Rolling Stone who included it in a list of “Newport Folk Festival 2018: 12 Best Things We Saw."

DiscographyGet Out the Lotion (Self-released, 2011)Call Me Sylvia (Self-released, 2012)Hi Honey (Contender, 2015)Dirty Pictures (Part 1) (Contender, 2017)Dirty Pictures (Part 2) (Contender, 2018)Private Lives (Contender, 2020)Christmas Makes Me Cry (Adam Weiner, Single, 2020)Tough Cookies: The Best of the Quarantine Broadcasts (Contender, 2021)Art Dealers (Contender, 2023)

References

 External links Interview with Adam Weiner on Morning Edition (NPR), December 23, 2020''

Musical groups from Philadelphia
Musical groups established in 2010
Rock music groups from Pennsylvania
2010 establishments in Pennsylvania


title: Old Red Lion, Kennington

text:
The Old Red Lion is a Grade II listed public house at 42 Kennington Park Road, Kennington, London.

It was built in 1933 on the site of another pub built in about 1750.

References

External links

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Lambeth
Grade II listed pubs in London
Kennington
Buildings and structures completed in 1933
20th-century architecture in the United Kingdom
Pubs in the London Borough of Lambeth


title: Boubacar Moungoro

text:
Boubacar Moungoro (born September 22, 1994) is a Malian professional basketball player. He declared for the 2014 NBA draft after averaging 8.0 points and 2.5 rebounds with Baloncesto Fuenlabrada.

Professional career
Moungoro forwent college after completing his high school career with IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida. The Bamako native is currently represented by agent Travis King, who has also worked with Robert Covington, and Amar'e Stoudemire in the past. Moungoro has also played for the youth teams of the Mali national basketball team in the past, logging an average of 26 minutes in the 2013 Nike Global Challenge. On November 3, he was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue after a successful tryout.

Mali national team
In February 2015, it was announced that Moungoro would join the Mali national team at play in the 2015 FIBA Africa Championship qualification against Senegal. In the first game, won by Mali by 65–43, Moungoro scored 12 points and retrieved five rebounds, while in the second leg he scored seven points in the win abroad of his team by 50–47.

References

External links
Profile at ACB.com
Profile at FEB.es

1994 births
Living people
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players
Liga ACB players
Malian men's basketball players
Oklahoma City Blue players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Bamako
21st-century Malian people


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 81 kg

text:
The men's light heavyweight (81 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 7 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
RET — Won by retirement
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed

References

External links
Official website

91


title: Guillermo Reyes

text:
Guillermo Martín Reyes Maneiro (born 10 July 1986) is an Uruguayan footballer who currently plays for Primera B side Universidad de Concepción.

References

1986 births
Living people
People from Mercedes, Uruguay
Footballers from Soriano Department
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Peñarol players
Rocha F.C. players
Danubio F.C. players
C.A. Rentistas players
Huachipato FC footballers
Uruguayan Primera División players
Chilean Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Men's association football goalkeepers


title: Lord Nelson, Bermondsey

text:
The Lord Nelson is a Grade II listed public house at 386 Old Kent Road, Bermondsey, London.

It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.

It was built in the early 19th century.

References

Grade II listed pubs in London
National Inventory Pubs
Pubs in the London Borough of Southwark
Bermondsey
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Southwark


title: 2004–05 Torneo Argentino A

text:
The 2004–05 Argentine Torneo Argentino A was the tenth season of third division professional football in Argentina. A total of 20 teams competed; the champion was promoted to Primera B Nacional.

Club information

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Apertura 2004

First stage
In every round the bye team played against the bye team of the other zone: Team from Zone A vs Team from Zone B and Team from Zone C vs Team from Zone D.

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Second stage

Final stage

Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Revalida Stage

Clausura 2005

First stage
In every round the bye team played against the bye team of the other zone: Team from Zone A vs Team from Zone B and Team from Zone C vs Team from Zone D.

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Second stage

Final stage

Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Revalida Stage

Overall standings

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Championship final

Aldosivi played the Promotion Playoff Qualifying against the Revalida Final winner.

Revalida Final

Lujan de Cuyo played the Promotion Playoff Qualifying against the Championship Final loser.

Promotion playoff qualifying

Aldosivi played the Promotion/relegation playoff B Nacional-Torneo Argentino A.

Promotion/relegation playoff B Nacional-Torneo Argentino A

Aldosivi was promoted to 2005–06 Primera B Nacional by winning the playoff and |Racing (C) was relegated to 2005–06 Torneo Argentino A.

Relegation playoff Qualifying

Rosario Puerto Belgrano was relegated to Torneo Argentino B and Independiente Rivadavia played the Relegation Playoff.

Gimnasia y Tiro was relegated to Torneo Argentino B and Gimnasia y Esgrima (CdU) played the Relegation Playoff.

Relegation playoff

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 1

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 2

1: First leg awarded 0-1; originally 3-0 but Real Arroyo Seco used ineligible players.

Gimnasia y Esgrima (CdU) remained in the Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff.
Independiente Rivadavia remained in the Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff.

See also
2004–05 in Argentine football

References

Torneo Argentino A seasons
3


title: Rincón de Guayabitos

text:
Rincón de Guayabitos (also known simply as Guayabitos) is a popular beach resort area located in the municipality of Compostela, in the Mexican state of Nayarit. The resort area occupies about two km of beachfront  and is a popular vacation places due to its gentle waves and proximity to the cities of Tepic and Guadalajara. However, its popularity has led to problems such as the lack of hotel accommodations and little-regulated street vending.  Guayabitos is just two kilometers north of the smaller beach town of Los Ayala.

Attractions

The Rincón de Guayabitos  (Corner of the small guava trees) is a beach community popular for its gentle waves, reasonable prices and location, being 98 km from the state capital of Tepic and 220 km from Guadalajara. It is also popular for being popular. Most of the lodging here are cabins and hotel rooms with kitchen facilities, most painted in various colors, as it is popular here to buy seafood and other foodstuffs to cook on the beach or at the hotel room. Most of the fish is sold in the early morning, when fishermen return with their catches which include dorados (Salminus brasiliensis), mojarras and red snapper.

The area also offers, swimming, baby turtle releases and whale watching boat tours. It also hosts an annual event called Paraiso del Sol 99, organized by the Universidad de Guadalajara, which has competitions in mountain biking and a biathlon. Another event if the “Acuatlon” where participants run three km, swim one and run another three km  and the “Aquathon” a 6 km swimming event.

Problems

Because of its proximity to major urban areas and its popularly, Guayabitos hotels can fill up months in advance, with one of highest hotel occupancy rates in Mexico, just behind Manzanillo and Isla Mujeres. This is one reason why it is also popular for visiting families to camp on the beach. However, hotels and other businesses near the beach complain about campers’ trash, noise and public drunkenness.

Another issue is the nearly uncontrolled street vendors on the beach and streets of the area, selling fresh fish, juices, bread, milk and prepared foods to tourists. Only about a quarter of the estimated 1,200 vendors are registered with authorities. In 2014, the community joined a national program to help organize commerce in the beach area.

References

Beaches of Nayarit


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 75 kg

text:
The men's middleweight (75 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 5 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
KO — Won by knockout
RSC — Won by referee stop contest
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed

References

External links
Official website

75


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 67 kg

text:
The men's welterweight (67 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 3 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
RSC — Won by referee stop contest
RSCH — Won by referee stop contest head blow
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed
WO — Won by walkover

References

External links
Official website

67


title: The Thieves Banquet

text:
The Thieves Banquet is the fourth album from hip hop artist Akala. It was released on 27 May 2013 by Illa State Records.

Track listing
All lyrics written by Akala

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Anthony Dorment, Niomi Daley – Executive-Producer
Kingslee Daley – Producer (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12)
Lavar Bullard – Producer (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12) Co-producer (tracks: 6, 9)
Anthony Marshall – Producer (tracks: 2, 5) Co-producer (tracks: 6)
Aaron 'Pantha' Cowan – Producer (tracks: 9)
Artwork – Tokio Aoyama
Design – Rob Dobrowolsky

References

2013 albums
Akala (rapper) albums


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 71 kg

text:
The men's light middleweight (71 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 4 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
RET — Won by retirement
RSCH — Won by referee stop contest head blow
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed
WO — Won by walkover

References

External links
Official website

71


title: Calagnaan Island

text:
Calagnaan (also Calagna-an) is an island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is one of fourteen islands politically administered by the municipality of Carles. The population of the island is 5,017 as of 2020 census.

Location and geography

Calagnaan is a wooded island northeast of the Panay Island coast in the Visayan Sea. It is southeast of Binuluangan Island and separated from that island by the Nilidlaran Pass.The west coast of the island is surrounded by reefs. Calagnaan is part of barangays Manlot, Tinigban, Bito-on (Proper, Bung-Indong Dako and Bung Indong Gamay), Talingting and Barangoalan (variously spelled Barangkalan). The island is home to Brachymeles talinis.

History
The name Calagnaan comes from dagna or lagna, which is the Visayan word for water springs several of which can be found on the island. There are mining operations on the island, administered by the Calagnaan Agro-Industry Corporation.

Typhoon Haiyan
Typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) passed over Calagnaan, along with the rest of Panay, on November 8, 2013.  The British ships  and  both stopped on Calagnaan as part of their broader Philippine relief effort. When HMS Daring landed in the area on 23 November, they discovered that one remote village of Calagnaan had not yet been reached and villagers had not eaten for several days. HMS Illustrious initial assessment on November 25 was that 177 houses, 60–70 boats, and the island school had been damaged. Illustrious crew began its aid mission with a helicopter-drop of a  food pack and followed up with enough tarpaulin to repair 250 homes. Other organizations involved in the relief efforts on Calagnaan included Save the Children and UNICEF.

See also

 List of islands in the Philippines

References

External links
 Calagnaan Island at OpenStreetMap
 Island Barangays of Carles, Iloilo

Islands of Iloilo


title: 1982 Hyndburn Borough Council election

text:
Elections to Hyndburn Borough Council were held in May 1982. One third of the council was up for election. Labour were defending 8 seats, The Conservatives 7. Labour held 7 seats with the Conservatives holding their 7 and the Liberal/SDP Alliance fielding a full slate of candidates taking a seat off Labour (Baxenden).

After the election, the composition of the council was:
Conservative (20)
Labour (27-1=26)
SDP (27-1=26)

Ward Results

References

1982 English local elections
Hyndburn Borough Council elections
1980s in Lancashire


title: Factory automation infrastructure

text:
Factory automation infrastructure describes the process of incorporating automation into the manufacturing environment and processing of input goods into final products.

The manufacturing environment is defined by its ability to manufacture and/or assemble goods by machines, integrated assembly lines, and robotic arms. Automated environments are also defined by their coordination with (and usually their systematic integration with) the required automatic equipment to form a complete system.

Factory automation intends to decrease risks associated with laborious and dangerous work faced by human workers. This system is essentially a solution for the automation and manufacturing of a particular production process of an intended output and/or final/end product.

Automation

Automation has produced sophisticated parts with similar or higher output qualities with minor quality fluctuation. It also can help cut overall manufacturing costs and create safer working environments for workers.

The use of automation in manufacturing started by using technologies such as pneumatic and hydraulic systems in applications where their mechanical advantages could be used to raise output quality and efficiency in production. Complex and highly integrated systems have since evolved, composed of many different technologies and innovative procedures controlled under High Language programming environments with sophisticated operation drivers. These drivers often are running languages that support 6, 7, and 8-axis controls for sophisticated robotics.

Robotic arm

A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with functions similar to a human arm; the arm may be the total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or transnational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effector and is analogous to the human hand.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of automation are:
 Increased output or productivity.
 Improved quality or increased predictability of quality.
 Improved robustness (consistency) of processes or products.
 Increased consistency of output.
 Reduced direct human labor costs and expenses.
The following methods are often employed to improve productivity, quality, or robustness.
 Install automation in operations to reduce cycle time.
 Install automation where a high degree of accuracy is required.
 Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work.[17]
 Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)
 Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.
 Economic improvement: Automation may improve in the economy of enterprises, society or most of humanity. For example, when an enterprise invests in automation, technology recovers its investment; or when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan in the 20th Century.
 Reduces operation time and work handling time significantly.
 Frees up workers to take on other roles.
 Provides higher-level jobs in development, deployment, maintenance and running of automated processes.

The main disadvantages of automation are:
 Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automated system may have a limited level of intelligence, and therefore is more likely to commit errors outside of its immediate scope of knowledge (e.g., it is typically unable to apply simple logic rules to general propositions).
 Unpredictable/excessive development costs: The research and development cost of automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself.
 High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant typically requires a very large initial investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation may be spread among many products and over time.
 In manufacturing, the purpose of automation has shifted to issues broader than productivity, cost, and time.

External links
kinematic chain.

References

Industrial automation


title: Macrotermes michaelseni

text:
Macrotermes michaelseni is a species of termite in the family Termitidae, found in sub-Saharan Africa. It is associated with the fungus Termitomyces schimperi.

Distribution and habitat
M. michaelseni is one of a number of Macrotermes species occurring in savannahs in sub-Saharan Africa. These species vary in their different soil preferences, some preferring moist habitats, with M. michaelseni being tolerant of drier habitats than the others. It is common in the Okavango Delta in northern Botswana, an area that sees periodic flooding from summer rains in the catchment area; clay soils and high groundwater levels are favourable to it, and there are up to six mounds per hectare in the delta area.

Colony structure
A M. michaelseni nest initially consists of a number of chambers and tunnels completely underground. A mound is built above the ground only in a mature colony, and in time becomes an enormous structure, with ridges, pinnacles and chimneys, up to  tall covering an area of up to . Below the surface of the ground is an extensive network of chambers and foraging passageways. Apart from the sealed mound, with its air passages, the colony lives largely underground, the workers using the foraging tunnels to access feeding areas and carry the food they collect back to the nest.

Ecology
The termite workers forage at night, gathering dead grass, grass litter and woody litter. In savannah woodland, leaves from Croton megalocarpus, Philenoptera violacea, Vachellia erioloba and Colophospermum mopane forms the bulk of the leaf litter collected, with elephant dung being favoured at the end of the dry season. The vegetation is carried back to the nest along the foraging passageways both day and night, where it is chewed up by younger workers. They mould their faeces and deposit them on a comb structure on which fungi grow. When the comb is eaten by the termites, the fungal spores pass through their gut to complete the cycle by germinating in the fresh faecal pellets.

The fungus which is associated with M. michaelseni is Termitomyces schimperi. The fruiting bodies, with their large, white, scaly caps, are found growing above ground at the base of the termite mound. They appear after heavy rain, and reappear annually beside the same mound, the hyphae extending down to the termite nest beneath the ground.

In the Okavango Delta, M. michaelseni is considered to be an ecosystem engineer. A mature colony may contain over a million termites including nymphs, workers and soldiers. Material is collected from a radius of fifty metres or more around the nest and brought to a central location where nutrients are thus concentrated. Clay particles are also collected for mound-building, and the area close to the mound is gradually raised slightly above the surrounding flat land. The delta is subject to occasional flooding, and when this happens, the mounds and their low islands project above the surface of the water. The colony of termites below may be killed, but there is a tendency for new colonies to become established at the same location. The mounds are a favourable habitat for herbs and woody plants to grow, with their associated invertebrates and other animals, and biodiversity increases.

References

Termites
Insects of Africa
Taxa named by Bror Yngve Sjöstedt
Insects described in 1914


title: The Stories of Eva Luna

text:
The Stories of Eva Luna () is a collection of Spanish-language short stories by the Chilean-American writer Isabel Allende. It consists of stories told by the title character of Allende's earlier novel Eva Luna. The literary critic Bárbara Mujica wrote: "The Chilean author presents her stories through the age-old device used by Scheherazade: the narrator tells them to her lover to entertain him. Like the famous Arabic tales, these stories combine fantasy with biting social satire and psychological insight."

Contents

Synopsis

"Two Words"
Belisa Crepusculario sells various "services" related to words and languages. When she is a child, she runs away from home across plains into a small village. There, she discovers writing through a newspaper, learns language through a dictionary, and starts selling "words." When a rebel (in the Mexican Civil War) dubbed The Colonel decides he wants to become more benevolent and presidential, he sends his man El Mulato to find Belisa and bring her to him. With Belisa's help, The Colonel is able to learn the art of public speaking. The Colonel offers to pay Belisa for her services, but she instead gives him two secret words and goes back to her life selling words in the village. After Belisa leaves The Colonel becomes sick, causing El Mulato to believe Belisa cursed him. El Mulato abducts Belisa, believing she has the power to cure The Colonel. When El Mulato presents Belisa to The Colonel, they stare at each other before holding hands.

Though the titular "two words" are never directly mentioned in the story, it is widely presumed that they are "Te amo," "I love you" in Spanish.

Theatrical adaptations
In 1997, Wicked Girl, Tosca, and Revenge were adapted by choreographer Della Davidson for a dance titled Night Stories: The Eva Luna Project First Cycle. The dance was first performed at the Theater Artaud in San Francisco, California.

Letters of Betrayed Love was adapted by Eleanor Alberga and premiered with the title The Letters of One Betrayed on 10 February 2009 at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.

Revenge - about a woman who spent years planning revenge on a man who had raped her - became the basis of an opera titled Dulce Rosa. The adaptation was made by librettist Richard Sparks and composer Lee Holdridgem, and the first production was performed by the Los Angeles Opera, conducted by Plácido Domingo. Uruguayan soprano María Antúnez sang the title role. The opera premiered on 19 May 2013 at the Broad Stage in Santa Monica, California.

In 2022, Erin McBride Africa adapted and directed seven of the stories for a College of Marin production.

References

Novels by Isabel Allende
1989 short story collections
Spanish-language literature
Chilean short story collections


title: Crooked Creek (Georgia)

text:
Crooked Creek is a neighborhood located in Milton, Georgia (formerly Alpharetta). Surrounded by the Iron Horse Golf Club, it has 640 homes on over 500 acres of rolling hills.

References

Populated places in Fulton County, Georgia


title: Boxing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 63.5 kg

text:
The men's light welterweight (63.5 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place from 2 to 13 October 2002 at Masan Gymnasium, Masan, South Korea.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
RET — Won by retirement
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outclassed
WO — Won by walkover

References

External links
Official website

64


title: Secret O' Life

text:
"Secret O' Life" is a song written by James Taylor that first appeared on his 1977 album JT.  It has since appeared on several of his live and compilation albums.  It was also included in the Broadway musical Chita Rivera: The Dancer's Life and has been covered by many other artists, including Art Garfunkel, Richie Havens, Nancy LaMott, Rosemary Clooney, Shirley Horn and Ricky Peterson.

Lyrics and music
Although not released as a single, Allmusic critic William Ruhlmann considered "Secret O' Life" to be the key track on JT with its message that the secret of life is "enjoying the passage of time."  Authors Don and Jeff Breithaupt deemed the theme of the song to be the importance of "living in the moment."  Self-help book authors Pete Forantale and Bill Ayres regard the song as giving the listener permission to meditate, reflect and daydream.  Taylor regards it as a spiritual song.  He has said that he used the title "Secret O' Life" rather than "Secret of Life" because the latter seemed too presumptuous and preposterous.  He felt that the "O" would make it seem a little more irreverent, evoking the names of Life Savers candy flavors such as "Pep O Mint" and "Wint O Green," and offset some of the presumptuousness of announcing the secret of life.

Taylor recalls having written the song at his home in Martha's Vineyard during the late spring with the sun shining in.  He recalls that the song, or at least the first verse and the refrain, came to him quickly and he felt lucky to have been playing his guitar at the time.

Despite the positive lyrics, "vivacious" music, and the fact that Taylor claims he felt "great" while writing the song, Taylor's father, Dr. Isaac M. Taylor heard a different message when he heard the song.  Dr. Taylor heard a note of apprehension in the song, and felt that James Taylor was "wondering where his career was leading" when he wrote it.  Taylor biographer Mark Robowsky similarly notes that although the lyrics are generally optimistic, the optimism is undercut by the line "Nobody knows how we got to the top of the hill/But since we're on our way down, we might as well enjoy the ride."

But Taylor told an interviewer "the 'way down' that that refers to is actually entropy in the universe." This reference goes along with the other mention of physics in the song, quoting Einstein and referring obliquely to his Theory of Relativity as it pertains to time: "It's all in your point of view"—because measurements of time differ depending on the observer.

Reception
Music critic Robert Christgau rates the song as evoking "comparison with betters on the order of ... Randy Newman."  Taylor biographer Timothy White regards "Secret O' Life" as an indispensable song in the Taylor canon.  White describes it as a "folk haiku" that is "touching" but with a "sly Scottish twinkle in the eye."  Rolling Stone critic Stephen Holden described it as having "delicious ironic glee."  Tom Waseleski of Beaver County Times pointed to "Secret O' Life" as a prime example of the fact that Taylor is an introspective writer and is at his best when he allows his songs to reflect that.  Holly Gleason of The Palm Beach Post described the song as "understated."  Fornatale and Ayres regard Taylor's vocal performance on "Secret O' Life" as being "better than ever."  Robowsky describes it as a "beautiful ballad" and "an unapologetic toast to simple truths."  Taylor regarded it as one of the few songs he wrote in the late 1970s that was as good as the songs on his first album.

"Secret O' Life" has been a staple of Taylor's live concerts at times, and has been included on the live albums Live and One Man Band.  It has also been included on the compilation albums Greatest Hits Volume 2 and The Essential James Taylor.  A version Taylor performed on Saturday Night Live was included on the multi-artist compilation album Saturday Night Live: 25 Years, Vol. 1.

Cover versions
"Secret O' Life" was used in the musical revue Chita Rivera: The Dancer's Life, which appeared on Broadway in 2005.

Singer Rosemary Clooney recorded "Secret O' Life" and regarded it as one of her favorite songs.  Allmusic critic Scott Yarrow regarded the song as one of the weakest on her 1998 album 70: A Seventieth Birthday Celebration but colleague Richard S. Ginelli, reviewing her 1999 album Songs from the Girl Singer: A Musical Autobiography described it as an "affectionately sung capsule of philosophy."

Shirley Horn recorded a jazz version"Secret O' Life" for the 2001 album Sketches of James.  JazzTimes critic Kilarie S. Grey described her version as "world-weary" and "striking."

Nancy LaMott included a version of the song on her 1995 album Listen to My Heart and her 2005 album Live from the Tavern Green.

Art Garfunkel included the song on his 1997 album Songs from a Parent to a Child. Secret O' Life was also featured in the 3rd Rock from the Sun pilot "Brains and Eggs".

Ricky Peterson included the song on his 1995 album A Tear can Tell.

Scott Grimes, in the role of Lieutenant Gordon Malloy, performed the song on the season 3 finale, Future Unknown, of comedy-drama science fiction television series The Orville: New Horizons, first aired August 4, 2022.

References

James Taylor songs
1977 songs
Song recordings produced by Peter Asher
Songs written by James Taylor
Rosemary Clooney songs
Art Garfunkel songs


title: Bethan Knights

text:
Bethan Knights is a British-American long-distance runner.

University of Cal Berkeley highlights
In 2014, Bethan Knights ran in the Pac-12 Conference. Her 5th place at Pre-NCAA on October 18, 2014 was the highest of any Pac-12 runner. Knights achieved All Conference (3rd place), All Region (4th place), and All American honors (25th place) in her California Golden Bears Cross country freshman campaign.

In 2015, Knights opened her outdoor campaign by winning Cal Open 1500m in 4:21. She did not score in the 1500 m against Stanford University in their dual big meet but ran a pb in 4:19.60. She did not score in a 9th place 10,000 m finish in the Pac-12 Conference at UCLA. Knights ended her outdoor ncaa season as a 2nd team all-American 5000 meters runner by placing 16th.

In summer 2015 Knights placed 6th in 2015 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 5000 metres in 15:51.49.

On September 26, 2015 Knights won the Roy Griak Invitational in Minneapolis with a time of 20:53.8, edging Boise State freshman Allie Ostrander by 15 seconds.

On February 13, 2016, Knights set the best time in Cal Bears history with her 4:39.70 mile.

On February 27, 2016, Knights earned a silver medal at the 2016 Mountain Pacific Sports Federation Indoor Track and Field Championships in 3000 metres and won gold medal in the Distance medley relay in 2nd best time in Cal Bears history.

In 2016, Knights opened her outdoor campaign as a runner-up Big Ten - Pac 12 Invitational 1500m in 4:20.83. She ran 5000 m at Stanford University Invitational in 15:52.91. She raced 3000 m against Stanford University in their dual big meet finished second in 9:18.55. She scored in a 3rd place 5,000 m finish in the Pac-12 Conference at University of Washington. Knights ended her season as a 28th place in 5000 meters at NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

High School highlights
In high school, Knights won the 2013 California state cross country title and the 2014 CIF California State Meet title at 3200 meters after finishing second in 2012 and the 2013 CIF California State Meet title at 3200 meters while running for Northwood High School in Irvine, California. She also competed in the Foot Locker Cross Country Championships as a senior of her prep career. She is signed to run for the University of California, Berkeley under coaches Tony Sandoval and Shayla Houlihan.

She improved upon Aisling Cuffe's listed U.S. high school record in the Girl's 2 mile 9:53.54 while winning the 2014 Brooks PR Meet in Seattle, Washington

High School Awards and rankings
Orange County Girls cross country runner of the year
Orange County Varsity Girls track AOW June 9
Orange County Championships 2014 Varsity Girls track athlete of the meet
2014 Orange County Athletic Directors Association Pacific Coast League MVP
2014 FloTrack Girls 2 mile national record

United States High School Outdoor 2014 Rankings
1600 metres: 3rd
Mile: 24th
3000 metres: 7th
3200 metres: 1st
2 Mile: 1st

2015 World Rankings
Women's 5000m 140th
Women's 10,000m 247th

Personal life
Knights is an alumna of Northwood High School (Irvine, California) located in Irvine, California. She runs collegiately for the University of California, Berkeley.  While currently a British citizen, she has stated she intends to apply for U.S. citizenship.

References

External links
Bethan Knights European Championships profile
Bethan Knights Athletics profile
Bethan Knights Power of 10 profile

1995 births
Living people
American female long-distance runners
English female long-distance runners
California Golden Bears women's track and field athletes
Sportspeople from Bristol
Track and field athletes from California


title: Books Through Bars

text:
Books Through Bars is an American organization that works to provide quality reading material to prisoners in Pennsylvania and surrounding states. New Society Publishers of Philadelphia founded Books Through Bars in 1990. Books Through Bars was separately incorporated as a nonprofit organization on March 19, 2001. There are approximately 30 similar, but unaffiliated, organizations throughout the United States.

Because prisoners in American prisons are not able to receive books from sources other than recognized publishers, bookstores, or other legitimate distributors, those without the financial resources to buy books have very limited access to them. Prison libraries are not being funded, in part because reading material is widely seen as irrelevant to a "mostly uneducated and indeed largely illiterate prison population".
New Society Publishers began its program after it began receiving letters from indigent prisoners, and provides donated books to individual prisoners, prison libraries, and halfway houses.
The organization distributes several hundred packages per month. It also sponsors regular public events relating to issues such as human rights, the war on drugs, and prison reform.

Books Through Bars is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, formally organized as a collective and run by nine core members plus about twenty volunteers, and it is supported by grants from charitable organizations. Books Through Bars is entirely run and operated by unpaid volunteers.

References

External links

 "Building Blocks". Philadelphia City Paper. January 18, 1996. Archived from the original on April 14, 2005.
New Society Publishers

Book promotion
Charities based in Pennsylvania
Organizations established in 1990
Prison charities based in the United States


title: Ganiyu Akanbi Bello

text:
Alhaji Ganiyu Akanbi Bello (10 July 1930 – 5 June 2014) was a prominent Yoruba community leader and business tycoon.

Background
Dr. Alhaji G A Bello, a Yoruba community ambassador in Kano, was the chairman and chief executive of Criss Cross Ltd. He was popularly known as G A Bello.

Bello was born in Oyo State, Nigeria on 10 July 1930 to Abdullahi Yusuf and Sinota Bello, the second of three children. Both parents died while he was a child and he was sent to live with his uncle who refused to send him to school. He left his uncle and started cutting wood in order to fund his school fees.

Bello married Sakirat Ayoka Ogabi in approximately 1959. Their first child named Tawakalitu Bello Sanusi, was followed by Moriliatu Bisola Bello Sanusi, Basira Biodun Bello Oyefeso, and a son Nurudeen Bello. Between 1966 and 1967, during the Nigerian Civil War, known as the Biafran War, Bello sent his wife and children to Lagos while he remained in Kano. His family returned shortly after to join him, and they had their fifth child, Shamsideen Bello. His sixth child, Fausat Bello, was born around 1970 but died of measles as an infant. They were married until his death in 2014. In 2015, she has since been in a political asylum after the emergence of Mohamadu Buhari as the next president.

In 1950, Bello joined the Nigerian Police under British colonial rule. During the time he was a police officer, his closest friend was Alhaji Ado Bayero, the Chief of the Nigerian Police Force who was later appointed Emir of Kano in 1963. He resigned around 1958 and founded a company which dealt in Building and Civil Engineering.

His company was the first to build a multi-storey building in Kano on Odutola Street which was a residential estate. He later bought his first private residence along Abedee Street Sabon Gari, Kano. He opened the first filling station in Kano in 1968 and behind it he opened a club known as the Criss Cross Club which sold drinks, chicken, and pepper soup. His company built its first hotel, the Criss Cross Hotel, in 1971. His second hotel, known as Gab Hotel, and was built in 1980.

His two eldest daughters, Tawakalitu and Moriliatu, married on the same day in 1988. Tawa married Dr Lukman Sanusi while Morili married Retired Colonel Olawale Sanusi. In 1989, his youngest daughter, Basira, married Sakiru Olanipekun Oyefeso, the founder and managing director of Standard Trust Assurance Company. His eldest son, Nuru, married Salawat Titilope.

From 1990 to 2000, G A Bello was the vice-chairman of the Independent Petroleum Association (IPMAN) in the Kano Nigerian National Petroleum Cooperation (NNPC).

Personal life

Education

Even though Bello only had a secondary school education, he was a great believer in it and each of his children attended university.

Hobbies

In the 1970s Bello loved playing golf on the golf course opposite the Daula Hotel along Murtala Mohammed Way. He also sponsored the Black Scorpion Football Club during that time.

Business life

Government

Bello was an advocate of unity in Kano. He encouraged the government to foster unity between the different tribes in Kano State. He advised the government to encourage Nigerians to stop tribalism and live in harmony. This encouraged the Yorubas to continue to live in Kano. In January 2006, Bello was the acting Oba of the Yoruba Community in Kano State for sixty days.

Mosque

Bello contributed to many Islamic causes in Kano including the construction of two Juma't Mosques built in Sabon Gari, a non-native's settlement area. The first mosque was built around 1982 at Nomans Land, Kano and it was commissioned by the Emir of Kano, Alhaji Ado Bayero. In early 2000, he built a second mosque, the Ahammadiya Mosque along Emir Road, for the Ahmadiya Muslims.

Charity

Alhaji Bello donated millions of naira to charity related issues, including the Rotary International. He donated equally generously to communities, Mosques and Churches. This earned him a long list of honorary awards.

Titles/Awards
Bello held many Chieftaincy titles such as: Aarre Egbe Omo Balogun Maiyegun of Ibadanland, Babasaiye of Owu, Abeokuta of Ogun State, and Aarre Basorun Timi Agbale of Ede in Osun State. He was also given an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Business Administration by Kenton University. He once received a Yoruba Ambassador's award for the North from Central Council of Ibaban indigenes CCII inside Mapo Hall, Ibadan.

Death
Bello was murdered a month before his 84th birthday on 5 June 2014 by unknown assailants in Kano. He was buried in his residence at Race Course Road. The deputy Governor of Kano State, Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje, paid a condolence visit to Bello's grave on 12 June 2014.

Abubakar Abdurrahman Sadiq was caught by Nigerian police in August 2014 and confessed to the murder. Sadiq had broken into Bello's house to steal money and stabbed him when Bello tried to stop him. Sadiq had previously worked in one of Bello's hotels, but was let go for stealing.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Nigerian businesspeople
Assassinated Nigerian people
Yoruba activists


title: Omni International Jet Trading

text:
Omni International Jet Trading  is a company offering private aircraft and jets for sale as an aircraft broker.

Omni International became a member of the National Business Aviation Association in 1966.

Timeline

1963 - Wayne J. Hilmer Sr. founds Omni Aircraft Sales in Washington, DC near Watergate hotel.

1967 - Omni Aircraft Sales is featured in Washingtonian Magazine after purchasing the former Shah of Iran's jet.

1973 - Omni Aircraft Sales purchases Frank Sinatra's Gulfstream II.

1975 - Omni Aircraft Sales sells Elvis's Gulfstream G-I and Jet Commander.

1976 - Omni Aircraft Sales Aircraft purchases and resells the executive Playboy DC-9 aircraft belonging to Hugh Hefner.

1977 - Omni Aircraft Sales attends the 1976 Paris Air Show trading in aircraft belonging to Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra and Prince Fahd of Saudi Arabia.

1978 - Omni Aircraft Sales leases a Boeing 707 to Ross Perot for rescue of EDS employees from Tehran. The story would later be chronicled in Ken Follett's bestselling book "On Wings of Eagles".

1983 - Omni Jet Trading Floor creates the first computer database of all jet owners and operators.

1984 - Omni International Corporation indicted. Case dismissed due to government misconduct.

1985 - Omni Jet Trading builds an executive FBO facility at Easton, Maryland.

1988 - Wayne J. Hilmer Jr. becomes president of Omni Jet Trading Floor.

1990 - Omni consolidates aircraft sales with its FBO operation in Easton, Maryland as the Omni Jet Trading Center

2000 - Omni trades as Omni International Jet Trading. The company is featured in many jet aircraft industry publications.

Omni operates remote offices in Moscow, Singapore, London, Kiev, Paris, Mexico City, Beirut, Mumbai, Brazil, Orlando, Jacksonville, Miami, Tucson, Indiana and Michigan.

References

American companies established in 1963
Companies based in Maryland
1963 establishments in Maryland


title: Tsilhqotʼin Nation v British Columbia

text:
Tsilhqotʼin Nation v British Columbia is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of Canada that established Aboriginal land title for the Tsilhqotʼin First Nation, with larger effects. As a result of the landmark decision, provinces cannot unilaterally claim a right to engage in clearcut logging on lands protected by Aboriginal title; they must engage in meaningful consultation with the title holder before they proceed. Although the Aboriginal title holder does not have to consent to the activity, meaningful consultation is required before infringement of the right can take place.

Background
In 1983, the province of British Columbia issued a licence to Carrier Lumber to cut trees in lands that included remote central British Columbia territory which was claimed by the Xeni Gwetʼin band of the Tsilhqotʼin. The Tsilhqotʼin are a semi-nomadic group of First Nations people who had lived in the area for centuries, managing these lands and repelling invaders. The Xeni Gwetʼin blockaded the area, preventing Carrier from logging. The company conducted unsuccessful negotiations with the provincial government to continue logging. The Xeni Gwetʼin filed suit seeking a court declaration that would prohibit Carrier Lumber's commercial logging operations in this area, and establish their claim for Aboriginal title to the land, which was part of their historical territory.

Lower courts

At trial, which lasted five years, both the federal and provincial governments opposed the title claim. The trial judge applied a test for Aboriginal title that examined whether the Xeni Gwet'in regularly and exclusively used the sites or territory within the claim area. The trial judge rejected the title claim for procedural reasons.

In 2012, the decision was appealed to the British Columbia Court of Appeal, where the court upheld the decision that the Tsilhqotʼin did not hold title to these lands, except for limited situations. The court applied a more stringent title test that examined site-specific occupation of definite tracts of land at the time of European sovereignty.

Decision of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court, led by Beverly McLachlin, unanimously allowed the appeal. They ruled that  the Tsilhqotʼin did have a claim of Aboriginal title to the  they had historically occupied.

Aboriginal title

The court held that Aboriginal title constitutes a beneficial interest in the land, the underlying control of which is retained by the Crown. Rights conferred by Aboriginal title include the right to decide how the land will be used; to enjoy, occupy and possess the land; and to proactively use and manage the land, including its natural resources. But, the court set out a Sparrow-style mechanism by which the Crown can override Aboriginal title in the public interest:

 the Crown must have carried out consultation and accommodation;
 the Crown's actions must have been supported by a compelling and substantial objective; and
 the Crown's action must have been consistent with its fiduciary obligation to the Aboriginal body in question.

See also

 Aboriginal land title in Canada
 Calder v British Columbia (AG) (1971)
 Guerin v The Queen (1984)
 R v Sparrow (1990)
 Delgamuukw v British Columbia (1997)
 Grassy Narrows First Nation v. Ontario (Natural Resources) (2014)

References

External links
 Tsilhqotʼin Nation v. British Columbia at the Supreme Court of Canada

Supreme Court of Canada cases
2014 in Canadian case law
Aboriginal title case law in Canada
Land use
Tsilhqot'in
Forestry in Canada


title: 2014 Maine Question 1

text:
Maine Question 1 (MQ1), "An Act To Prohibit the Use of Dogs, Bait or Traps When Hunting Bears Except under Certain Circumstances", was a citizen-initiated referendum measure in Maine, which was voted on in the general election of November 4, 2014.   As the Maine Legislature declined to act on the proposed statute, it was automatically placed on the ballot.  The proposal was defeated by 320,873 "No" votes to 279,617 "Yes".

Background
In 2013, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) decided to push for a restrictions on bear hunting in Maine. Maine voters previously rejected a ban on using traps, bait, and dogs to hunt bears on 2 November 2004, with 389,455 opposed and 344,322 in favor.

With support from HSUS, some Maine residents formed Mainers for Fair Bear Hunting (MFBH). On 9 July 2013, MFBH began collecting 80,000 signatures to place the question on the November 2014 ballot. 57,277 signatures were required to do so. MFBH submitted the signatures on 3 February 2014. On 5 March, Maine Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap certified 63,626 valid signatures.  Under Maine law, MQ1 was then submitted to the Maine Legislature for action as LD 1845 IB 1. On 25 March, the legislature indefinitely postponed action on MQ 5, thereby sending it to the voters.

Secretary Dunlap released the final wording of the question on 25 June. It was "Do you want to ban bear hunting using bait, traps or dogs except to protect property, public safety or for research?" As the only citizen referendum to reach the ballot, it was designated Question 1 per Maine law.

Campaign
Opponents of the petition gathering effort announced the formation of Save Maine's Bear Hunt (SMBH) on September 23, 2013.  SMBH had the support of the three major candidates for governor in 2014, and of 80 state legislators and 20 organizations. SMBH characterized the referendum as a vote on how to manage wildlife in Maine, and not on hunting methods, believing that wildlife professionals know best how to manage the bear population. They further criticized the intervention of HSUS in a local matter.

MFBH stated their goal was to end what they call "cruel and unsportsmanlike" practices, which they claimed were not necessary to control the bear population in Maine.  They also claimed the previous referendum effort failed due to "scare tactics" and misinformation.

MFBH was almost entirely funded by HSUS. From 28 May to 15 July, HSUS gave $780,000 to MFBH. In the same period, SMBH and other opponents raised about $250,000. HSUS president Wayne Pacelle personally canvassed homes in Portland on August 10, and in Bangor on September 13.

The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (DIF&W) and  DIF&W Commissioner Chandler Woodcock officially opposed MQ1. MFBH sued DIF&W on September 30, demanding that DIF&W comply with MFBH's Freedom of Access Act requests, cease campaigning against Question 1, and repay state funds used for campaign activities. MFBH stated "We do respect the agency's right to provide factual information to voters, but they've repeatedly gone above and beyond that, and it's time for that to stop." Commissioner Woodcock called the lawsuit politically motivated and meant to "generate headlines". MFBH asked for an emergency injunction to stop DFI&W's campaigning.

In response, DIF&W announced on October 17 that it would stop using state funds to oppose the referendum, while maintaining that its actions were lawful.

Maine Superior Court Judge Joyce Wheeler denied the request for the injunction on October 22, stating that "The public interest would be adversely affected if plaintiffs' request for a temporary restraining order were granted when DIF&W's speech is on topics squarely within 'its competence as governor'" of Legislative directives.  The Maine Attorney General's office called the ruling a victory for free speech, while MFBH said "Our government shouldn't be telling us how to vote."

After the failure of the referendum, it was speculated that its presence on the ballot aided Paul LePage's reelection as Governor, as it brought out voters also amenable to supporting LePage.

Polling

Notable endorsements

Supporters
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Humane Society of the United States
International Fund for Animal Welfare
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
State Representative Alan Casavant (D-Biddeford), Mayor of Biddeford
State Representative Ben Chipman (I-Portland)
State Representative Denise Harlow (D-Portland)
Kesha, musician
Bernd Heinrich, naturalist, author, University of Vermont biology professor
Bill Maher, comedian, TV host
Paul C. Paquet, wildlife research biologist, University of Victoria professor
Steve Woods, chairman of the Yarmouth Town Council, former U.S. Senate candidate
Biddeford Journal Tribune
Brunswick Times-Record
Portsmouth, New Hampshire Herald

Opponents
 Angus King, Independent U.S. senator and former governor.
AFL-CIO of Maine
National Rifle Association
Sportsman's Alliance of Maine
Shenna Bellows, 2014 Democratic U.S. Senate candidate
State Senator Emily Cain (D-Penobscot), candidate for U.S Representative
Eliot Cutler, candidate for governor
Paul LePage, Governor of Maine
Kris MacCabe, Maine Game Warden, cast member of North Woods Law TV show
U.S. Representative Mike Michaud, candidate for governor
Ted Nugent, musician
Bruce Poliquin, former state treasurer of Maine, candidate for U.S Representative
Chandler Woodcock, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Commissioner, former state senator
Bangor Daily News
MaineToday Media newspapers: Portland Press Herald, Kennebec Journal, Morning Sentinel

Declined to endorse
U.S. Senator Susan Collins

References

External links
Mainers for Fair Bear Hunting, supporters of the referendum
Save Maine's Bear Hunt, opponents of the referendum

Hunting in the United States
2014 Maine ballot measures
Hunting referendums


title: Butler-Matthews Homestead

text:
The Butler-Matthews Homestead is a historic farm complex near the hamlet of Tulip in rural Dallas County, Arkansas.  The property is historically significant for two reasons: the first is that it includes a collection of 15 farm-related buildings built between the 1850s and the 1920s (including two buildings pre-dating the American Civil War), and it is the location of one of Dallas County's two surviving I-houses.

The farm complex was established as early as 1853 by Alexander Butler (1807-1881), and it is a rare fragment of Tulip's economic height between 1840 and 1860. Alex Butler's daughter Mary Jane married into the Matthews family.

The house built by Butler was destroyed by fire in 1921, and it was replaced by the present I-house in 1922 by Ben Matthews.  It has a main block two stories high, with a two-story shed-roof porch spanning its front.  A single-story gabled ell projects from the rear of the house.

Outbuildings and ancillary structures include a potato house, corn crib, smokehouse, henhouse, cow barn, blacksmith shop, milk house, water well, servant's cottage, overseer's house, and office.

The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1850
Houses in Dallas County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas


title: Paul McDonald Robinett

text:
Paul McDonald Robinett (1893–1975) was a cavalry and armor officer (Brigadier General) of the U.S. Army.  He spent much of his career as a staff officer, and commanded an armored regiment and combined arms combat command in combat during the Tunisian campaign of World War II.

Biography
Robinett hailed from Missouri's Ozark foothills, scion of Ozark pioneers. After high school, he worked a summer in the Kansas harvest fields before enrolling in the University of Missouri, where he completed his B.S. (1917) in Agriculture.  Since the U.S. had entered World War I, he tried to enlist but was rejected as underweight.  After beginning a graduate fellowship at Iowa State, he again tried to enlist, unsuccessfully.

But he was accepted for officer training, subsequently commissioned a 2nd lieutenant in the 1st Cavalry.  During World War I, First Cavalry served along the border with Mexico; during this time, he was promoted to first lieutenant.
He was graduated from the Cavalry School Troop Commander's course at Fort Riley, Kansas in 1922, and taught Machine Gunnery
and animal transportation there 1922–1923. He was a special student at the University of Paris in 1925, attended the French cavalry school at Saumur, and observed French maneuvers near Strasbourg. He was General Malin Craig's aide-de-camp 1927–1932, serving in the Panama Canal Zone and San Francisco.
Captain Paul McD. Robinett, Cavalry, completed the United States Army Command and General Staff College's two-year course and graduated June 15, 1934.
He attended the U.S. Army War College. He served in the War Department's General Staff 1937–1941. He was Assistant Chief of Staff for intelligence under both Lesley J. McNair (from June 26, 1941) and George C. Marshall.  President F. D. Roosevelt nominated him for promotion to colonel on November 20, 1942.

His personal credo was:  "Always do whatever you can to keep your superior from making a mistake."  He was a crack shot with a pistol and expert rider.  Only one soldier of the 3rd Infantry ever collected on his offer of a dollar to any soldier who could out shoot him.  He was an accomplished horseman, a member of the U.S. Army equestrian team, and competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.

During the Tunisian campaign of World War II he commanded the 13th Armored Regiment,  "Task Force Green," and 1st Armored Division's Combat Command B.   After the American defeat at the battle of Kasserine Pass, his CCB and 1st Infantry Division repulsed a German advance west on Highway 13 toward Tebessa.

General Robinett and CCB were to lead 1st Armored Division's assault from Mateur toward Bizerte at first light on Thursday morning, May 6, 1943.  The day before, as Robinett was returning to CCB, the confidence of the new division commander General Harmon in Robinett diminished so much he determined to relieve him.  Harmon raced after Robinett to relieve him.  He caught up just after a German artillery shell had shredded Robinett's left leg.  General Robinett's war was over; he had already ceded command to Colonel Clarence C. Benson.

He commanded the Armored School at Fort Knox, Kentucky until he retired at the end of the war.

The 1940 census listed him as a resident of the Kennedy-Warren Apartment Building in Washington, D.C. and later the Army Navy Club, Washington, D.C. In 1941, then Lt Col Robinett was an honorary pallbearer at the funeral of General Craig's wife.

Brigadier General Robinett was a Missouri delegate at the 1948 Republican National Convention, and served on the resolution committee's foreign affairs subcommittee.

After the Korean War, BGen Robinett complained that American military succumbed to a "natural tendency" to develop quickly capabilities to counter an enemy, rather than those to defeat and destroy him.  U.S. defense developed equipment and tactics weighted too much on defensive implements.  In particular, the tanks were to be used chiefly to support infantry and an insufficient number of armored divisions – more mobile and more offensive.  He recalled the blitzkrieg of World War II and the North Korea's tank invasion of the South.

Decorations

Dates of rank

Publications
 3,000 items. – 10 containers. – 4 linear

 1 sound disc : analog, 33 1/3 rpm ; 16 in. (preservation master)

 3,000 items. – 10 containers. – 4 linear feet.

References

Bibliography

 (Reprinted from the ADA Magazine)

External links
Generals of World War II

United States Army generals
People from Mountain Grove, Missouri
1893 births
1975 deaths
Place of death missing
Olympic equestrians for the United States
American male equestrians
Equestrians at the 1924 Summer Olympics
University of Missouri alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Missouri Republicans
United States Army generals of World War II
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni


title: Puseyia puseyiae

text:
Puseyia puseyiae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Peru.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Puseyia hiscelis

text:
Puseyia hiscelis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Amazon region.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Puseyia ban

text:
Puseyia ban is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Argentina.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Aethiopina argentifera

text:
Aethiopina argentifera is a moth in the  family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of Kenya
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1929


title: Aethiopina semicirculata

text:
Aethiopina semicirculata is a moth in the  family Cossidae. It is found in Ethiopia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Ethiopia
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1929