title: Franchise Hockey Manager

text:
Franchise Hockey Manager (FHM), is a text-based ice hockey simulation video game for career, historical, and fictional play developed and published by Out of the Park Developments. "FHM creates a management simulator that offers total, believable depth in managing a hockey franchise," PopMatters said in a review.

FHM's publisher, OOTP Developments, is well-known as the company behind the long-running series Out of the Park Baseball.

Games

History

First versions

The first version of Franchise Hockey Manager (FHM) was released in 2011, it was developed by Out of the Park Developments. The game was initially released for PC, but later versions have also been made available for mobile devices.

The first version of FHM allowed players to take control of a professional hockey team as the general manager. Players could make roster moves, set lineups, and make trades, all while trying to lead their team to success on the ice and financially. The game featured a realistic simulation engine that took into account many factors such as player ratings, team strategies, and league rules to create a realistic representation of the sport. The game included real-life players and teams, and the player could play games or simulate the seasons.

The initial version of the game was well-received by fans of hockey and management simulation games, and it was considered a solid starting point for the series. Out of the Park Developments continued to improve and expand upon the game with each new version, adding new features and improvements.

The first version, Franchise Hockey Manager 2014 (FHM 2014), was released on September 3, 2013. It featured 19 leagues from around the world,  It also included historical NHL play back to 1947 and the entire 1970s history of the WHA.

"The amount of detail involved is great -- they have rosters and prospects for all NHL teams, but also for junior and European leagues -- and it's still fun to mix and match line combinations," wrote The Sports Network columnist Scott Cullen in a column on Oct. 2, 2013.

A major update to the game, released on March 9, 2014, included: new training, scouting, and staff/personnel systems; four new leagues in the US, Switzerland, Asia, and Finland; a new blind mode; and many fixes and improvements. With that release, the game now had 23 leagues.

FHM 2 was released on September 28, 2015 on Mac and PC. The new version allows the user to take control of a team in any of 21 leagues from around the world, including the NHL, KHL, Canadian leagues, minor leagues in the US, leagues in the UK, leagues in Sweden and Finland, and more. Players can also play any historical NHL or WHA season back to 1931 or create a custom fictional setup. FHM 2 also contains a new game engine, a revamped tactics system and support for league expansion.

Like its cousin, Out of the Park Baseball, FHM puts players in the role of a general manager and coach: They sign free agents, trade players, set up strategies, decide on lines, and more.

FHM 2 has been noted as being a large improvement over its predecessor.

"When all's said and done, Franchise Hockey Manager 2 is a big step up from its predecessor. Those who have stuck by the developer and go out and purchase this game having previously owned FHM 2014 will find a much more polished game this time around. They will also be pleased with the care and attention the team have given to the database, game modes and options, and the sheer number of teams and players available from the get go," wrote The Digital Fix.

Later editions
Franchise Hockey Manager 3

The Next Generation of Hockey Strategy. Franchise Hockey Manager 3 was the first game in the series to be officially licensed by the NHL. FHM3 also added the controversial "Path to Glory" Mode, which gave the player Clear Goals and a strict timeline to find success at being a General Manager. FHM3 also added International Play for the first time in the series, allowing you to chase gold medals with your favorite country.

Franchise Hockey Manager 4

Go Big or Go Home. Franchise Hockey Manager 4 added every NHL season in league history (1917 to 2017) to the historical mode, allowed more customization in Custom Games, and added the ability to redraft the Vegas Golden Knights team. FHM4 also added Historical Challenges, giving players specific goals and timelines to earn both achievements in-game as well as on Steam with the Steam version.

Franchise Hockey Manager 5

Etch Your Name. Franchise Hockey Manager 5 added a new, more in-depth tactics system to the series, introduced Team Chemistry, and brought back the return of Online Leagues, returning to the franchise for the first time since Franchise Hockey Manager 2. FHM5 also added new Historical Challenges to add more Achievements to the game.

Franchise Hockey Manager 6

Rivalry Defined. Franchise Hockey Manager 6 added a Rivalry and Fan Happiness system to the games core mechanics, to keep your manager accountable to the owner and fans. Exhibition Mode was also added to FHM6, while a mid-season update also brought the ability to create custom expansion drafts for editable leagues.

Franchise Hockey Manager 7

Live Every Moment. Franchise Hockey Manager 7 added a brand new 2D engine to the FHM series for the first time. FHM7 also added major Historical International Tournaments (including the Summit Series, Olympics and Canada Cups), Revamped Custom Games to add additional fictional leagues, and a new Scouting System focusing on regions rather than leagues. Wanted community features were added including Farm Team Control, and Historical Editing.

Franchise Hockey Manager 8

Leave your Mark, Build Your Legacy. Franchise Hockey Manager 8 added a Financial System to the game to impact how team owners allowed you to spend their money. In-Game Feedback allowed for further adjustments, New Advanced Stats and News Stories were added to FHM8 as well as prospect rankings, player special abilities, as well as the ability to redraft the Seattle Kraken expansion team.

Franchise Hockey Manager 9

World Class Hockey. Franchise Hockey Manager 9 brought American College Hockey (featuring over 60 Division 1 Teams), Team Harmony system (where cliques can form), injury deferral, more tactical feedback for the user, Historical World Juniors, and continued advancements of the 2D Game Engine.

Development

In an April 3, 2014 interview conducted by Bryan Calhoun, who co-hosts the Got Game show on the Sportsnet AM 590 radio station in Toronto, for the Sportsnet web site, FHM producer Jeff Riddolls explained that the game is "part of a genre of sports management games that’s very popular in Europe – Football Manager, our soccer counterpart, sells well over a million copies annually – but only has a small audience on our side of the Atlantic so far."

When Calhoun asked how the game handles the unique rules of the many leagues in the game, Riddolls explained: "It does [have them]. In some cases, though, those rules are a little difficult to model within the game - the limitations on the use of 15-year-olds in major junior, for example. So we occasionally have to handle them in an abstract way or leave a rule out if it just won’t work in a game setting, but for the most part we try to have the league rules work as accurately as possible."

Riddolls also confirmed that like OOTP Developments' other major title, Out of the Park Baseball, FHM will be an annual release.

References

External links
 Official website

2013 video games
Ice hockey video games
MacOS games
Sports management video games
Video game franchises
Video games developed in Germany
Windows games


title: Dennis W. Hickey

text:
Dennis William Hickey (September 20, 1844 - October 26, 1908) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

Hickey was born in Troy, New York on September 20, 1844. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, for extraordinary heroism shown on June 29, 1864, while serving as a Sergeant with Company E, 2nd New York Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, at Stony Creek Bridge, Virginia. His Medal of Honor was issued on April 18, 1891.

Hickey died at the age of 64, on and was buried at Saint Georges Cemetery in Newburgh, New York.

Medal of Honor citation

References

External links

1844 births
1908 deaths
Military personnel from Troy, New York
Burials in New York (state)
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor


title: Marked (disambiguation)

text:
Markedness is the state of being marked.

Marked may also refer to:

 Marked (TV series), a 2009 American television documentary series on tattoos
 Marked (novel), a 2007 fantasy novel in P.C. and Kristin Cast's House of Night series
 "Marked", a 2011 song by Erika M. Anderson
 Marked, a 2009–2010 romance novel series by Sylvia Day
 Zaznamovani (English: The Marked), a 1940 collection of short stories by Bogomir Magajna

See also
Marked bill
 Marked Men (disambiguation)


title: Stanley Price Weir

text:
Brigadier General Stanley Price Weir,  (23 April 1866 – 14 November 1944) was a public servant and Australian Army officer. During World War I, he commanded the 10th Battalion of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during the landing at Anzac Cove and the subsequent Gallipoli Campaign, and during the Battles of Pozières and Mouquet Farm in France.

Weir returned to Australia at his own request in late 1916 at the age of 50, and in 1917 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and was mentioned in dispatches for his performance at Pozières and Mouquet Farm. He went on to become the first South Australian Public Service Commissioner. He was given an honorary promotion to brigadier general on his retirement from the Australian Military Forces in 1921. Weir was retired as public service commissioner in 1931. In retirement he contributed to various benevolent and charitable organisations, and died in 1944.

Early life
Weir was born in Norwood, South Australia, on 23 April 1866, a son of Alfred Weir and Susannah Mary (née Price). His father was a carpenter, who had emigrated to South Australia from Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1839, two years after the colony was founded. Weir attended Moore's School, the Norwood Public School, and Pulteney Street School. In 1879, at the age of 13, he joined the Surveyor General's Department as an office assistant. He assisted the surveyor who pegged out the land at the rear of Government House, Adelaide, for the Torrens Parade Ground, and was later promoted to clerk. On 14 May 1890, he married Rosa Wadham at the Christian Chapel, Norwood. He rose through the department to be appointed Survey Storekeeper, Custodian of Plans and Custodian of Government Motor Cars, on 1 July 1911. He was appointed a justice of the peace on 10 September 1914.

Early military service
Weir enlisted in the part-time South Australian Volunteer Military Force in March 1885, joining the 1st Battalion, Adelaide Rifles, as a private. By 1890, he had been promoted to colour sergeant. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion, Adelaide Rifles, on 19 March 1890, and was promoted to captain on 25 May 1893. When the South African War broke out he volunteered for service with the South Australian Bushmen's Corps, but mounted officers were preferred, and he was not selected.

On 1 July 1903, the Adelaide Rifles became the 10th Infantry Regiment of the Commonwealth Military Forces, and Weir was appointed adjutant. He was promoted to major on 1 January 1904, and appointed as regimental second-in-command. He was awarded the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1905, and the Volunteer Officers' Decoration in 1908. On 22 June 1908, Weir was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed the commanding officer of the 10th Infantry Regiment. On 1 January 1912, he was transferred to the unattached list but this only lasted until 1 July, when the universal training scheme was introduced. He was soon appointed to command the 19th Infantry Brigade, and on 9 September 1913 he was promoted to colonel.

World War I
On 12 August 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, Weir received a telegram from Colonel Ewen Sinclair-MacLagan, the designated commander of the 3rd Brigade, offering him the command of the 10th Battalion. Weir promptly accepted, and on 17 August was appointed as a lieutenant colonel in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), making him the first South Australian to be commissioned in the AIF. He retained his rank of colonel in the part-time forces in an honorary capacity.

Gallipoli
Weir assembled and trained his battalion at the Morphettville Racecourse, then embarked with them on the transport Ascanius on 20 October 1914 as the first convoy of Australian troops departed for overseas service. On arrival in Fremantle, six companies of the 11th Battalion were embarked on the transport, and Weir was appointed Officer Commanding Troops for the voyage. The troops began disembarking at Alexandria on 6 December 1914, and were entrained for Cairo, where they began to set up camp at Mena. The Australian Official War Historian, Charles Bean, described Weir as being "somewhat above average in years" for a battalion commander. Following the Allied decision to land a force on the Gallipoli Peninsula, the 3rd Brigade was selected as the covering force for the landing at Anzac Cove. The 10th Battalion embarked for the Greek island of Lemnos in the northern Aegean Sea on 1 March 1915, and after further training on Lemnos, the battalion was one of the first two battalions ashore on the morning of 25 April 1915.

During the landing, when the boats carrying the lead elements of the battalion were around  from shore, according to Bean, Weir observed to another officer in his boat that everything was silent, but soon after Ottoman troops began firing at the landing force. Weir landed with the scout platoon, and urged both his men and those of the 9th Battalion to immediately begin climbing the cliffs that overlooked the beach. Weir, along with "B" and "C" Companies of the battalion, reached what later became known as "Plugge's Plateau". Heavy fighting followed the initial landing and, within five days, half of Weir's battalion had been killed or wounded. The Australian and New Zealand advance inland from Anzac Cove was subsequently checked by the defending Ottoman forces and was eventually contained in a small beachhead inside a series of ridges that ranged around the cove. Weir was the only commanding officer from the 3rd Brigade to go forward of the first ridge, and a ridge running off the 400 Plateau subsequently became known as "Weir Ridge".

As stalemate set in, Weir continued to command his battalion throughout the early stages of the campaign until 25 August, when he was appointed acting brigadier general and placed in command of the 3rd Brigade. On 11 September, he became ill and was evacuated to Malta, where he was admitted to hospital. He was subsequently evacuated to the United Kingdom, where he convalesced until January 1916, when he was appointed commandant of the Australian reinforcement camp at Weymouth, Dorset.

Western Front
Weir's health had not completely recovered by the time he embarked for Egypt, and he rejoined his battalion on 4 March 1916. After his departure, the 10th had fought through the remainder of the campaign before being withdrawn along with the rest of the Allied force in December 1915. The battalion was subsequently moved back to Egypt. In mid-1916, the bulk of the AIF was transferred to the Western Front, and Weir led the 10th Battalion through July and August 1916 during the Battles of Pozières and Mouquet Farm. At Pozières, the battalion suffered 350 casualties in four days. By the time of the battle, Weir was the only original battalion commander remaining in the 1st Australian Division, and had turned 50 years of age. On 23 August, immediately after Mouquet Farm, Weir was again appointed acting commander of the 3rd Brigade. Exhausted, on 7 September 1916 he asked to be relieved, and his request was granted. He returned to Australia on 23 September 1916, and his AIF appointment was terminated on 14 December. In the Australian official history of the war, Bean observed that despite his age, Weir "took his battalion into the front line, commanded it there throughout its first battle, and remained longer in the field than almost any of the senior militia officers who had left with the original force".

Post-war military service
After his AIF appointment was terminated, Weir resumed his service in the Citizen Military Forces (CMF). In 1917, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Russian Empire Order of St. Anne, 2nd Class, with Swords, and was mentioned in dispatches for his performance at Pozières and Mouquet Farm. From 1917 to 1920, he was aide-de-camp to the Governor-General of Australia, Sir Ronald Craufurd Munro Ferguson. Weir retired from the CMF as an honorary brigadier general in March 1921, his last appointment being as commander of the 20th Infantry Brigade. He was only the second South Australia-born officer to reach the rank of brigadier general. On 31 March 1921, Weir was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 10th Battalion, a position he held for many years.

Later life

Weir had two significant advantages in his return to a civilian career. Firstly, he was repatriated well before most servicemen and, secondly, South Australia had implemented a policy of preferment of returned servicemen for government employment. These circumstances helped him gain appointment as the first South Australian Public Service Commissioner in 1916. Weir was not suited to this role, being unable to navigate the competing personal and political agendas of senior public servants and politicians, and was soon sidelined. In 1925, legislative changes made it possible for the government to replace Weir, and this took place in 1930. In the last year-and-a-half before his retirement in 1931, Weir was the chairman of both the Central Board of Health and the Public Relief Board, excelling at the latter.

On 8 June 1923, after many years of poor health, Weir's wife Rosa died. He married Lydia Maria Schrapel in 1926. Weir led an active retirement, contributing to several religious, charitable and welfare organisations and activities. These included the Norwood and Maylands Churches of Christ, Benevolent and Stranger's Friend Society, the Our Boys Institute (OBI), the Masonic Lodge, Cheer-Up Society, and YMCA. At various times he served as President of the Commonwealth Club, the Churches of Christ Union, the St. Peters Sub-Branch of the Returned and Services League, and the Cheer Up Society.

Weir wrote the foreword for the history of the 10th Battalion, titled The Fighting 10th: A South Australian Centenary Souvenir of the 10th Battalion, AIF 1914–1919, which was written by a former member of the battalion, Cecil Lock, and published in 1936. In 1943, Weir was badly injured in a car accident while returning from an OBI camp at Victor Harbor. It was believed that his injuries in the accident contributed to his death on 14 November 1944. Weir was survived by his wife Lydia, and his son Lionel and daughter Beryl from his first marriage. His brother, Harrison Weir, was the State Government Printer. Weir was buried in West Terrace Cemetery.

Awards

Weir received the following honours and awards:
 Long Service and Good Conduct Medal in 1905
 Volunteer Officers' Decoration on 11 April 1908
 Distinguished Service Order on 1 January 1917
 Mentioned in despatches on 4 January 1917
 Order of St. Anne, 2nd Class, with Swords (Russian Empire) on 15 February 1917
 King George V Silver Jubilee Medal on 6 May 1935

Promotions
Weir's military career commenced in March 1885, when he enlisted as a private. He quickly rose to the rank of colour sergeant before being commissioned in 1890. He rose from private to brigadier general over a career spanning 36 years. His officer promotion dates were:
 Lieutenant on 19 March 1890
 Captain on 25 May 1893
 Major on 1 January 1904
 Lieutenant colonel on 22 June 1908
 Colonel on 9 September 1913
 Lieutenant colonel (AIF) on 17 August 1914
 Brigadier general (honorary) on 17 March 1921

Footnotes

References

1866 births
1944 deaths
Military personnel from South Australia
Australian generals
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian justices of the peace
People from Adelaide
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class
Burials at West Terrace Cemetery
Colony of South Australia people
19th-century Australian military personnel


title: Minnesota Buckskins

text:
The Minnesota Buckskins were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT) founded by Lee Meade, Len Vannelli and John Finley. The Buckskins played only one season before folding after the 1974 season. The Buckskins had 27 wins and 17 losses and were the Gulf Plains Section Champions. They lost to the Denver Racquets in the Western Division Championship Series ending their season.

Team history
The Buckskins were founded by Lee Meade, Len Vannelli and John Finley as a charter member of WTT in 1973.

Prior to the inaugural WTT draft, each franchise was entitled to sign a player in advance and then use its first-round draft selection on that player. Before the team even had a name, the Minnesota franchise made an aggressive play for Billie Jean King who was widely regarded as a player with the ability to generate much interest and ticket sales. Minnesota negotiated a major advertising campaign for King to endorse candy. The contract offered by Minnesota to King would have obligated her to play for the team for five years and pay her compensation in excess of $2 million paid out over ten years. Most of the money in  the contract would have come from the endorsement. In addition, the team would have been named the Minnesota Kings. However, King (and WTT league executives) believed it would be better for her to play in the eastern United States. Therefore, she solicited offers from the New York and Philadelphia franchises before signing a five-year contract worth $1 million with Philadelphia where she thought there would be better commercial opportunities. King claimed she could earn up to $75,000 for spending a couple hours making a television commercial. "Man, I'm not dumb," she said. "Get it while you can." King went on to win the 1974 WTT Most Valuable Player Award while leading the Philadelphia Freedoms to the best regular-season record in WTT.

Minnesota's top 10 draft choices in the WTT inaugural draft were

Just before the start of the season, Meade, Vannelli and Finley sold the Buckskins to Hennepin County businessman Burt McGlynn of McGlynn Bakeries. The team played its home matches at the Metropolitan Sports Center in Bloomington, Minnesota starting with WTT's inaugural 1974 season.

The first match in Buckskins' history was a 30–28 loss to the Houston E-Z Riders at home on May 7, 1974, in front of 2,317 fans. The Buckskins drew a crowd of 9,300 for their home match against King and the Freedoms.

The Buckskins featured player-coach Owen Davidson, Ann Haydon-Jones, Bob Hewitt, Shari Barman, David Lloyd, Mona Schallau, Wendy Turnbull and Terry Holladay

The Buckskins finished the season with 27 wins and 17 losses and were the Gulf Plains Section Champions. They were matched up with the E-Z Riders in the Western Division Semifinals.

WTT playoff series in the division semifinals and division championship series in 1974, were played over two legs, one match on the home court of each team. The team with the best aggregate score over the two matches was the winner. The higher seed had the right to choose whether to play the first or second match at home. The Buckskins chose to open at home and lost the first match to the E-Z Riders, 28–19. The Buckskins went to Houston and dominated the E-Z Riders in the second match, 29–19, to squeeze out a win in the series, 48–47, and advance to the Western Division Championship Series against the Denver Racquets. The Buckskins won four of the five sets in the second division semifinal match to pull off the stunning comeback. Schallau and Turnbull recorded a 6–0 set win over Karen Krantzcke and Lesley Bowrey in women's doubles. Haydon-Jones beat Helen Gourlay, 6–3, in women's singles. Davidson and Schallau topped Dick Stockton and Lesley Bowrey. The E-Z Riders had a cumulative lead in the two matches of 43–42 heading to the final set of the second match which Davidson and Schallau won by a score of 6–4.

Following the division semifinal victory over the E-Z Riders, it was reported that WTT had taken over the Buckskins and paid players six weeks of back salaries.

The Racquets chose to open the series at home won the first match in Denver, 29–18. Françoise Dürr of the Racquets beat Haydon-Jones, 6–1, in women's singles and then teamed with Kris Kemmer Shaw to beat Turnbull and Schallau in women's doubles by the same 6–1 score. The Buckskins came back at home to win the second match, 26–25. It was not enough as the Racquets won the Western Division title by a cumulative score of 54–44 and ended the season for Minnesota.

Despite the Buckskins' success on the court and the large crowd for the match against the Freedoms, the team was unable to generate enough revenue for McGlynn to consider it viable. He tried to sell the Buckskins to local investors after the season ended. On November 6, 1974, McGlynn announced that the local interests in the Buckskins had dried up, and the team would either fold or be sold and moved. He mentioned that there was interest from investor groups in Indianapolis and Washington, D.C. The investor group from Indianapolis ended up buying the Detroit Loves, and the group from Washington decided not to buy a team. On November 26, 1974, WTT announced at its annual meeting that the Buckskins had become the first team in the league to fold. WTT conducted a dispersal draft of the Buckskins' players at its annual meeting using an auction system. Davidson and Haydon-Jones went to the Cleveland Nets. Hewitt went to the Los Angeles Strings. Schallau and Turnbull went to the New York Sets. Holladay went to the Houston E-Z Riders.

Hall of Fame players
The following players who are enshrined in the International Tennis Hall of Fame played for the Minnesota Buckskins:
 Owen Davidson
 Ann Haydon-Jones

1974 roster
The Minnesota Buckskins roster for the 1974 season was
 Owen Davidson, Player-Coach
 Shari Barman
 Ann Haydon-Jones
 Bob Hewitt
 Terry Holladay
 David Lloyd
 Mona Schallau
 Wendy Turnbull

See also

 World TeamTennis
 1974 World Team Tennis season

References

External links
 Official World TeamTennis Website

Defunct World TeamTennis teams
1973 establishments in Minnesota
Tennis in Minnesota
Sports clubs and teams in Minnesota
Sports clubs and teams established in 1973
Defunct sports clubs and teams in Minnesota
1974 disestablishments in Minnesota
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1974


title: Mujauna, Samastipur

text:
Mujauna a village, 8 km west of Samastipur, Bihar, India. The village has a large population of Brahmins, as well as Paswan and Dhanuk.

The nearest railway station is Karpurigram.

References

Villages in Samastipur district


title: A-Grade Investments

text:
A-Grade Investments is a venture capital firm founded in 2010 by actor Ashton Kutcher, entertainment manager Guy Oseary, and billionaire investor Ron Burkle to invest in technology start-up companies. The company is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.

Founding and partners
Ashton Kutcher, Guy Oseary, and Ron Burkle had invested in private equity deals individually, then, in 2010, formed A-Grade Investments to invest in technology startups as a group.

In 2012, Kutcher, Oseary and Burkle raised additional capital A-Grade from several billionaires, including David Geffen and Mark Cuban.

On May 1, 2013, onstage at TechCrunch Disrupt NYC, Kutcher and Oseary confirmed rumors that the fund was valued at over $100 million.

In March 2016, Forbes published a comprehensive article on A-Grade Investments, entitled "How Ashton Kutcher And Guy Oseary Built A $250 Million Portfolio With Startups Like Uber And Airbnb," with Kutcher appearing on the cover of the magazine, which became the most-widely read issue in Forbes’ 99-year history. The Forbes article states that the team turned $30m into $250m.

Investments
Among its portfolio companies, A-Grade has invested in Spotify, Uber, Shazam, Couple, SoundCloud, Muse, and Airbnb. The firm mainly takes part in Seed and Series A rounds.

The firm’s primary targets are consumer-focused businesses that change the way consumers share information, or that disrupt traditional marketplaces.

In a 2011 interview with The New York Times, Kutcher said, “I look for companies that solve problems in intelligent and friction-free ways and break boundaries.”

In a 2013 interview with The Daily Telegraph, Kutcher said, “If we can create efficiencies in that which is mundane, then we accelerate our paths to happiness. The companies that will ultimately do well are the companies that chase happiness. If you find a way to help people find love, or health or friendship, the dollar will chase that.”

Exits
 Katango, acquired, 2011
 GroupMe, acquired, 2011
 Socialcam, acquired, 2012
 Bufferbox, acquired, 2012
 Summly, acquired, 2013
 Interaxon (Muse)
 Nest, acquired, 2014
 Gyft, acquired, 2014
 SmartThings, acquired, 2014

References

External links

Venture capital firms of the United States
Companies based in Los Angeles
Financial services companies established in 2010
Private equity firms of the United States
2010 establishments in California


title: James Stitt (high constable)

text:
James Stitt (1804—November 23, 1891) was High Constable of Toronto. He was born in Ireland in 1804 and emigrated to Canada around 1830. In 1836, he was appointed High Constable of Toronto and served for one year. He subsequently entered the cartage business.

He was appointed a customs officer in Toronto in 1850 and held that position until 1874.

References

Toronto police chiefs
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Irish Protestants
1804 births
1891 deaths
Immigrants to Upper Canada


title: Northern English

text:
Northern English may refer to:

 People from Northern England
 Northern England English, English language in Northern England
 Northern American English, English language in Northern United States
 A historical term for Northumbria or area governed by the Viking-Age rulers of Bamburgh

See also
 Southern English (disambiguation)
 Northern American English (disambiguation)


title: Idehan Ubari

text:
The Ubari Desert, Idehan Ubari, Idehan Awbari (Idehan means fine sand in Tamasheq) or Ubari Erg is an erg in the hyper-arid Fezzan region of southwestern Libya with a surface of approximately 58,000 km². The area of the Ubari desert has been traditionally inhabited by Tuareg people.

Geography

The Idehan Ubari is named after the town of Ubari or Awbari, a Berber-speaking oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District in the area. Like the Idehan Marzuq further south, the Idehan Ubari is part of the greater Sahara Desert.

The Mandara Lakes are located in Gaberoun, an oasis in the eastern zone of the Ubari Desert.

See also
Geography of Libya
List of ergs

References

External links
Al-Arabiya - Limited production resumes at South Libya oilfield
Deserts of Libya
Fezzan
Ergs of Africa
Sahara


title: Jean Palutikof

text:
Jean P. Palutikof is a climate scientist and is founding director of the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) at Griffith University in Queensland, Australia. She has held this position since 2008. Prior to this, Palutikof was based at the UK Met Office during which time she managed the production of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report for Working Group II (Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability).

Palutikof is one the scholars of climate change adaptation and was lead author and review editor for several assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. She was present in Oslo at the ceremony at which the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize.

Career
Between 1974 and 1979 Palutikof worked as a lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Nairobi.

Between 1979 and 2004 Palutikof worked at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom in the School of Environmental Sciences and as Director of the Climatic Research Unit.

Palutikof was the Director of NCCARF at Griffith University from 2008 to present (as at 2023).

Research
Palutikof's research focuses on the area of climate change - particularly the application of climatic data to economic and planning issues. Her area of speciality is extreme events and their impacts. She has collaborations with scientists across North America and Europe on the topic of constructing climate change scenarios which can be used in studies of climate impacts.

She has published over 200 pieces of research on the topic of anthropogenic climate change and climate variability.

Palutikof has conducted research on heat stress, under 'Area we ready for extreme heat', as part of her work as a Professor in Climate Change at Griffith University.

Speaking engagements
In 2010, to launch Indiana University's William T. Patten Lecture Series Palutikof presented two public lectures. These were titled "The Role of International Treaties in Tackling Climate Change" and "Adaptation Strategies: A Poor Man's Solution?".

Publications
Palutikof has numerous publications on climate adaptation, climate change, global climate models.

 Barnett, Jon, et al. “From Barriers to Limits to Climate Change Adaptation: Path Dependency and the Speed of Change.” Ecology and Society, vol. 20, no. 3, 2015. JSTOR.
 Beniston, M., Stephenson, D.B., Christensen, O.B. et al. Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climatic Change 81 (Suppl 1), 71–95 (2007).
 Palutikof, J., Brabson, B., Lister, D., & Adcock, S. (1999). A review of methods to calculate extreme wind speeds. Meteorological Applications, 6(2), 119-132.

Books
Palutikof has co-authored several books including the following:

The Nature and Causes of climate Change: Assessing the long-term future
Natural Disasters and Adaptation to Climate Change
Climate Adaptation Futures

Prizes

 2007 - Nobel Peace Prize - Palutikof was Head of the Technical Support Unit of the Working Group II on the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian women scientists
Academics of the University of East Anglia
Academic staff of Griffith University


title: Paige Hadley

text:
Paige Amber Hadley (born 26 August 1992) is an Australian international netball player. Primarily a wing attack and centre player, Hadley is a member of the Australian national team and plays in the ANZ Championship for the New South Wales Swifts, for which she also serves as the club's Australian Netball Players’ Association delegate.

Early life
Born in Sydney, Hadley was started playing netball at the age of seven and later became a Penrith District Netball Association junior. While still in school she got an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank of 97.8 and was offered a scholarship to study at Western Sydney University. She obtained Bachelor of Business & Commerce degree while being on the professional netball team at the same time.

Career
Paige Hadley began her netball career as a replacement player while still enrolled in Western Sydney University. A dynamic midcourter, Paige rose to prominence in the Australian Netball League, by replacing Breeana Powell for the NNSW Blues in 2010, before being named in the Netball NSW Waratahs 2011 team, helping the team to its maiden ANL title. Paige took up a scholarship with the Australian Institute of Sport in 2012, and in addition to making her ANZ Championship debut for the NSW Swifts – when called into the side as a temporary replacement player, she was named in the Australian 21/U team. She signed with the NSW Swifts for the 2013 ANZ Championship season, which was followed by her seven appearances for the team in 2014 as an injury replacement player, especially at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she replaced Madi Robinson. In 2013 she sustained a knee injury after a game against Malawi.

Paige has represented NSW at National Netball Championships throughout the 17/U, 19/U and 21/U age groups, winning numerous titles, including the 2012 21/U National Netball Championship crown alongside fellow 2013 New South Wales Swifts recruit Melissa Tallent.

During her first ANZ Championship season as a contracted player in 2013, Paige was named in the Australian 21/U Team for the 2013 World Youth Netball Championships, and following the conclusion of the domestic season, was selected in her first Australian Diamonds Squad. Her 2013 ANZ Championship season was capped off with winning the first NSW Swifts Coaches' Award.

Continuing an incredible year in 2013, Paige was named in her first Australian Diamonds side, and made her senior international debut on Wednesday 16 October when she entered the game at WA at halftime, helping the Diamonds defeat the Malawi Queens 83–34 in Wollongong.

In just her second game for the Australian Diamonds (v Malawi Queens, 19 October), Paige was named the game Most Valuable Player.

On 20 October 2013 Paige capped off a good year by being named Australian 21/U Player of the Year at the Australian Netball Awards held on the Gold Coast.

On 6 March 2014, after helping the Swifts to victory in Round 1 of the 2014 ANZ Championship, Paige suffered ruptured her left anterior cruciate ligament at training and was ruled out of the remainder of the 2014 season. She made a successful comeback from the injury in 2015.

In 2015 Paige had helped Australia to win the 2015 Netball World Cup.

In 2018 she injured her ankle and therefore was unable to make it to the 2018 Commonwealth Games.

Personal life
As a resident of St Clair, New South Wales, Paige's favorite TV shows are The Bachelor and One Tree Hill. She also likes to eat chocolate, pasta and cakes. When it comes to music, her favorite is Are You with Me by Lost Frequencies. Her dad is a fan of Parramatta Eels.

ANZ Championship accolades
2013 NSW Swifts Coaches' Award

National Representation
2009 Australian 17/U Squad
2011 Australian 19/U team Captain
2011-2012 Australian 21/U team
2013 Australian 21/U World Youth Championship
2013 Australian Fast5 Flyers
2013 Australian Diamonds team (Malawi Tests)
2015 Australian Diamonds World Cup team

Netball Career Facts
2011 NSW Waratahs ANL team – undefeated premiers
2011-2012 NSW 21/U team - National Champions & 2012 Vice-Captain
2013 Australian 21/U World Youth Championship silver medal
2013 Netball Australia 21U Player of the Year
2013 Australian Fast5 Flyers – Silver Medalists
2015 Australian Diamond World Cup team - Gold Medalists

References

External links
NSW Swifts profile
2013 Netball Australia Profile

1992 births
Living people
New South Wales Swifts players
Netball players from Sydney
Australia international netball players
Netball players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in netball
2019 Netball World Cup players
Australian Netball League players
Netball New South Wales Blues players
Netball New South Wales Waratahs players
Australian Institute of Sport netball players
Australia international Fast5 players
2015 Netball World Cup players
New South Wales state netball league players
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
2023 Netball World Cup players


title: Temporary adjustments of theodolites

text:
Temporary adjustments are a set of operations which are performed on a theodolite to make it ready for taking observations. These include its initial setting up on a tripod or other stand, centering, levelling up and focusing of eyepiece.

Initial setting

The initial setting operation includes fixing the theodolite on a tripod, along with approximate levelling and centering over the station mark. For setting up the instrument, the tripod is placed over the station with its legs widely spread so that the centre of the tripod head lies above the station point and its head approximately level (by eye estimation). The instrument is then fixed with the tripod by screwing through the trivet.
The height of the instrument should be such that observer can see through telescope conveniently. After this, a plumb bob is suspended from the bottom of the instrument and it should approximately align with the station mark.

Centering

Centering means bringing the vertical axis of the theodolite exactly over the station mark. Exact centering is done by using the shifting head of the instrument. During this, first the screw-clamping ring of the sliding head is loosened and the upper plate of the shifting head is slid over the lower one until the plumb bob is exactly over the station mark. After the exact centering, the screw clamping ring is tightened. This can be done by means of a forced centering plate or tribrach. An optical or laser plummet is normally used for the most accurate setting. The centering and levelling of the instrument is interactive and iterative; a re-levelling may change the centering, so error each is eliminated successively until negligible.

Levelling

Leveling of an instrument is done to make its vertical axis adjusted with respect to the apparent force of gravity at the station.

For two spirit vials at right angles:
 Bring one of the level tubes parallel to any two of the foot screws, by rotating the upper part of the instrument.
 The bubble is brought to the centre of the level tube by rotating both the foot screws either inward or outward. The bubble moves in the same direction as the left thumb.
 The bubble of the other level tube is then brought to the centre of the level tube by rotating the third foot screw either inward or outward. [In step 1 itself, the other plate level will be parallel to the line joining the third foot screw and the centre of the line joining the previous two foot screws.]
 Repeat step 2 and step 3 in the same quadrant till both the bubble remain central.
 By rotating the upper part of the instrument through 180°, the level tube is brought parallel to first two-foot screws in reverse order. The bubble will remain in the centre if the instrument is in permanent adjustment.Otherwise, repeat the whole process starting from step 1 to step 5.

The same principle applies for a bulls-eye level:
 Bring the level parallel to any two of the foot screws, by rotating the upper part of the instrument.
 The bubble is brought to the centre of the level tube by rotating both the foot screws either inward or outward.
 Rotate the upper part of the instrument through 180°, so the level is over the remaining foot screw. The bubble will remain in the centre if the instrument is in permanent adjustment. If not adjust this screw to halve the error. Then rotate back through 180° and check the error. Adjust those screws to halve the residual error.  Continue until the bubble is always central on the ring.

Focusing
To obtain an accurate clear sighting, the cross hairs should be in focus; adjust the eyepiece to do this.

 Focusing of eyepiece lens For focusing of the eye piece, point the telescope to the sky or hold a piece of white paper in front of telescope. Move the eye-piece in and out until a distinct sharp black image of the cross-hairs is seen. This confirms proper focusing.

To clearly view the object being sighted focus the objective lens.
 Focusing of objective lens It is done for each independent observation to bring the image of the object in the plane of cross hairs. It includes following steps of operation: First, direct the telescope towards the object for observation. Next, turn the focusing screw until the image of the object appears clear and sharp as the observer looks through properly focused eye-piece. If focusing has been done properly, there will be no parallax i.e., there will be no apparent movement of the image relative to the cross hairs if the observer moves his eye from one side to the other or from top to bottom.

See also
 Permanent adjustments of theodolite
 Tape (surveying)
 Ranging rods
 Survey camp
 Local attraction

References

Surveying
Civil engineering
Engineering academics


title: Easton–River de Chute Border Crossing

text:
The Easton–River de Chute Border Crossing connects the towns of Easton, Maine and Wicklow, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. Historically, two roads entered Easton from Canada, but in the late 1950s, the Canada closed its Beaconsfield crossing on Nicholson Road, so the US government moved its border station from its original location near the intersection of Ladner and Curtis Roads. After the move, the US Customs Service operated out of at least three different mobile trailers until 2012, when it finally constructed a permanent border inspection station.

The crossing is open for limited hours every day; the nearby Fort Fairfield–Andover Border Crossing is open 24 hours a day. About 4,000 crossings use the station a year, or an average of fewer than 11 a day.

See also
 List of Canada–United States border crossings

References

Canada–United States border crossings
Transportation buildings and structures in Aroostook County, Maine
1936 establishments in Maine
1936 establishments in New Brunswick
Carleton County, New Brunswick


title: House of Forbidden Secrets

text:
House of Forbidden Secrets is a 2013 American horror film directed by Todd Sheets, with a score created by Fabio Frizzi.

History
The film was shot in multiple locations in Kansas City, Missouri. The music was composed by Fabio Frizzi. The national premiere was in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the PollyGrind Film Festival on October 11, 2013, where it won six awards. In 2014 House of Forbidden Secrets screened in several more locations in the United States.

Plot
Jacob Hunt has had some very bad breaks in life. His wife left him, his friends have all abandoned him, and his children barely see him! Jacob has been given an amazing gift and the chance he needs to get back on his feet and start anew. Jacob has landed the job of overnight security officer at the old ShadowView Manor. It has now been turned into a commercial office and retail building. Jacob is about to learn nights around the old Manor contains many secrets. A dark past that is breaking through the boundaries of time, leaking into this dimension. As luck would have it, Jacob's first night on the job is the anniversary of a dark tragedy that has stained the building.

Cast

References

External links

 Kansas City Pitch Article

2013 films
2010s English-language films
American splatter films


title: Jacut

text:
Jacut was a 5th-century Cornish Saint who worked in Brittany. He is commemorated liturgically on 6 February.

His father was Fragan, a prince of Dumnonia, and his mother Gwen Teirbron. The young family had fled to Brittany to avoid the plague raging in Cornwall at that time, and so grew up in Ploufragan near Saint-Brieuc with his brothers, Winwaloe and Wethenoc and a sister, Creirwy. He was educated by Budoc of Dol on the Île Lavret near Paimpol, and as an adult he founded churches in Brittany.

Today he is memorialised in the towns of Saint-Jacut-les-Pins, Saint-Jacut-du-Mené, Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer and the Abbey of Saint-Jacut in that town.

Gallery

References

5th-century Christian saints
5th-century births
Year of birth unknown
Year of death missing


title: Jack & Jack

text:
Jack & Jack are an American pop-rap duo from Omaha, Nebraska, consisting of Jack Johnson and Jack Gilinsky, based in Los Angeles, California. After success via the social media app Vine, the duo turned to careers as musicians.  Their 2014 single "Wild Life" peaked at number 87 on the US Billboard Hot 100. They also featured on Jonas Blue's 2018 hit single "Rise", which peaked at number three in the UK Singles Chart in addition to charting within the top 20 of various other European countries and Australia. Both attended Omaha Westside High School.

Early lives and career
Jack Edward Johnson and Jack Gilinsky were born in Omaha, Nebraska. The pair met on the first day of kindergarten, both named Jack and wearing the same shirt. They remained friends throughout their elementary and high school years.

Jack & Jack's comedy career began in 2007 with the creation of their first collaboration YouTube channel MotherFalconQuagmire. The short satires included lip syncing music videos, short parodies of popular songs, and British-speaking lads. Although only made as a side hobby during free time, their videos were received by a considerable audience of hundreds; this abruptly faded not long after the pair started high school.

Jack Gilinsky is Jewish, and his parents are prominent in Omaha's Jewish community.

Career

2013–15: Breakout with Vine
Jack & Jack began posting six second clips as a comedy duo on Vine during the summer of 2013. Johnson had posted the first vines under his name in July 2013 including the I Never Miss series, Gilinsky later making appearances on their now growing joint account, rebranded as Jack and Jack. Their breakout came with their Nerd Vandals clip going viral, praised by the Huffington Post as the perfect vine, amassing the pair 25,000 followers in a short period of time. Their vines consisted of 6 second covers of pre-existing songs, also including When This Song Comes On clips made exclusively in the car, short comedy clips featuring the couple as overconcerned parents, nerd alter-egos Eric and Winston, girls in wigs, and more. Shortly thereafter, they joined the Magcon tour, and continued to amass a following on the road touring with other Vine artists. By early 2015, they had accumulated over 5 million followers on their shared account and ranked in the top 20 most-followed Viners.

Following success on Vine, Jack & Jack released two mobile app games with Omaha-based mobile games company SkyVu Entertainment. Their first game, Let It Goat, garnered over a million downloads within the first month." They developed their second game, Jack & Jack Vines Puzzle Game, in December 2014.

2014–2020: Focus on music
Jack & Jack's musical pursuits began when the duo met sophomores Turner and Travis Eakins (also known as Barrington Park) in 2013. Through this partnership, Jack & Jack recorded their earliest co-written songs (including "Indoor Recess", their first unofficially released single) in a makeshift studio, with a backing instrumental made by the Eakins brothers. This enabled their music to be mixed and released on the iTunes Store via third party distributor TuneCore.

Their first original song "Distance" was released in January 2014.
In preparation for their debut album, the duo collaborated with Shawn Mendes and Steve Aoki, as well as producers and songwriters Max Martin and Savan Kotecha. Although repeatedly approached, the pair decided to not sign with a record label company, with Johnson stating, "Why get our money stolen, or make less money, when we can get our songs on the exact same spot on the charts ourselves? We’re going to stay independent as long as we can, until we see the benefit from the record label."

By February 2015, they had sold 1 million singles on iTunes. They have also made the Billboard Top Digital Songs List with "Doing It Right", "Tides", "Cold Hearted", "Like That" featuring Skate, "Right Where You Are" and "Wild Life". Their single "Like That" topped the Billboard charts shortly after the release of their official music video, in which Jack & Jack paid homage to The Beatless iconic album Abbey Road.

On July 24, 2015, Jack & Jack independently released a debut extended play (EP) Calibraska to the digital market via distributor DistroKid, founded by Philip J. Kaplan. The EP reached number one on the US iTunes album charts within hours of its release. In early 2017, Jack & Jack signed with Island Records. Johnson stated they hoped the record deal would allow them to become more mainstream. They released their second EP, titled Gone, later that year through the label.  In January 2018, Jack & Jack were picked as Elvis Duran's Artist of the Month.

On January 25, 2019, the duo released their debut album called A Good Friend Is Nice, via Island Records, and also toured around North America and Europe to promote the album.

2020–present: Hiatus, solo careers and 2022 return

On April 17, 2020, member Jack Gilinsky released his debut solo single My Love, featuring Don Toliver. The day the single came out, he did an interview with Zach Sang, and announced a hiatus to Jack & Jack. Jack Johnson described the hiatus as a "very liberating" opportunity for both members to explore their own artistic vision.

Jack Johnson dropped his debut solo single, "You Lie", on September 4, 2020, with the stage name JVCKJ to prevent legal clashes with a band called JACK J. He then released his debut solo EP, Pastel: The Early Days, on December 4, 2020. The track "Bad News" was inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic. He also expressed a desire to work with Jack Gilinsky again on more music.

On September 10, 2020, member Jack Gilinsky dropped his second solo single, "Lose Somebody" featuring Iann Dior.

In 2022, Jack & Jack returned with two releases, "Runaway" and "Right Here With You".

Style and influences
Both Jacks play instruments and write music, sharing interests across genres including reggae, R&B, pop and hip hop which have influences on their own songs. They have cited Anderson Paak, Roy Woods, PartyNextDoor, and Daniel Caesar as influences. They have been influenced from music they grew up with such as Blink 182, U2, Tom Petty and AC/DC, even though their musical genre is not the same.

Tours and performances

Digitour (2014)
In June 2014, after graduating from Omaha Westside High School, the duo recognised the ability to monetize their situation and headed to Los Angeles to work on their headlining tour, DigiTour Jack and Jack coordinated by DigiTour Media. The 18 city tour sold out in all but four cities across the United States, and consisted of choreographed on stage music performances, fan interaction and comedy skits. During this tour, Jack & Jack also made a headlining performance at the Teen Choice Awards, where they were nominated for the award Choice Viner. Alongside this, they also appeared as featured performers at the 2014 INTOUR, an interactive social festival as part of their partnership with FullScreen.

Upon its conclusion in mid-September 2014, a full-length movie documenting Jack & Jack's headlining tour was released for online sale by DigiTour Media in December 2014, providing fans with a behind-the-scenes glimpse of their roadshow.

Prior to their headline tour, Jack & Jack toured alongside artists and social media sensations including Nash Grier, Cameron Dallas, Shawn Mendes and more in 2013.

First headlines
On December 20, 2014, Jack & Jack headlined their own one-night only music oriented performance at the Ralston Arena in their hometown of Omaha, Nebraska, with fellow performers Emblem3 and special guest Hot Boy.

Guest performances
As part of their partnership with Communications Service Verizon, Jack & Jack have performed at the Verizon Michigan Avenue Destination Store Grand Opening (November 2014) and at the Bayou Music Center to a crowd of 1,500 as part of the Verizon Houston Destination Store Grand Opening (January 2015).

On February 27, 2015, Jack and Jack made their debut television appearance on ABC's The View as part of a Vine On The View segment upon the request of Ryan Seacrest to discuss fame, bullying and their comedy career. They also performed their single Tides to a live audience.

On March 21, 2015, Jack & Jack made their international performance debut at the Wembley Arena, London, England as featured opening act for The Janoskians at the soldout one-off live event JanoFest.

As part of their brand partnership, Jack & Jack gave an exclusive performance at Fullscreen's NewFronts presentation in New York City on May 4, 2015. On May 9, 2015, Jack & Jack performed at the VITY Concert Experience in Hollywood California, with other special guests Tyga and Kid Ink. During this event they also officially confirmed their Summer tour of 2015.

Summer Tour 2015
Jack & Jack's Summer tour of 2015 consists of multiple independent performances in different locations, which began in May in Chicago with two concerts on consecutive days.

They continued their touring contract with DigiTour from June, headlining eight events across the United States, alongside other acts including Demi Lovato and Trevi Moran.

Philanthropy
Jack & Jack have partnered with multiple brands to promote skin-cancer awareness and anti-bullying content. They participated in Ryan Seacrest's 2015 Super Bowl #MakeItHappy campaign, which encourages kindness on the internet and in social media. They have also worked in association with Michelin to promote safe driving.

Jack & Jack have previously made appearances at multiple charity events including Miles for Music and at the Camp Ronald McDonald for Good Times fundraiser. They have also shown support to The Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, in Omaha, Nebraska. They gave a supporting performance at T.J. Martell Foundation's annual New York Family Day event in December 2015.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Discography

Studio albums
 A Good Friend Is Nice (2019)

EPs
 Calibraska (2015)
 Gone (2017)

References

External links
 Official website

American boy bands
Musical groups established in 2013
Musical groups from Nebraska
American musical duos
Hip hop duos
American hip hop groups
Pop-rap groups
2013 establishments in Nebraska


title: Theodor Friedrich Stange

text:
Theodor Friedrich Stange (1 November 1742, Osternienburg – 10 June 1831, Halle an der Saale) was a German Protestant theologian and educator.

He served as rector at the Reformed gymnasiums in Düsseldorf (from 1770) and Köthen, and in 1781 was named director of the gymnasium in Hamm. In 1789 he was appointed professor of church history at the Reformed gymnasium in Halle. In 1804 he became an associate professor at the University of Halle, where in 1828 he attained a full professorship.

Works
Stange is largely known for his studies involving Old Testament exegesis. From 1802 to 1805, he issued his main work, "Theologische Symmika", in three volumes. In the field of classical philology, he published an edition of the ancient Greek lyrical poet Alcaeus, titled "Alcaei poetae lyrici fragmenta" (1810). A few of his other noteworthy writings are the following:
 "Particula Altera et Ultima", 1779.
 "Anti-critica in locos quosdam Psalmorum a criticis sollicitatos", 1791.
 "De antiquitate religionis revelatae", 1797.
 "Beiträge zur hebräischen Grammatik", 1820 (Contributions to Hebrew grammar).

References

1742 births
1831 deaths
People from Anhalt-Bitterfeld
19th-century German Protestant theologians
German classical philologists
19th-century German male writers
Academic staff of the University of Halle
German male non-fiction writers


title: Montebello Rock

text:
Montebello Rock, formerly known as Amnesia Rockfest and Montebello Rockfest, was an annual outdoor Rock festival that took place each June in Montebello, Quebec. Founded in 2005 by then 17-year-old local resident Alex Martel, it became the largest rock music festival in Canada and one of the largest in North America.

With a local population of 978 residents, the small town of Montebello attracted over 200,000 festival-goers during its peak years. The event offers a diverse lineup with mainstream acts, as well as cult bands, reunions, rarities and emerging talent.  Aside from its lineup, the festival is known for its countryside setting, camping areas, carnival vibe and parties in the village throughout the weekend. Past headliners include Rammstein, System of a Down, Linkin Park, Blink-182, Mötley Crüe and Queens of the Stone Age.

History
The festival was founded in 2005 by then 17-year-old local resident Alex Martel. Tired of having to travel to bigger cities to attend concerts and wanting to promote his own band Deadly Apples, he decided to start his own event in his hometown of Montebello, which he called Petite-Nation Rockfest. The first edition was almost canceled due to a tornado destroying most of the site a few hours before the start of the event. Three bands played the inaugural edition, which attracted 500 attendees: Martel's band Deadly Apples opened, followed by local punk band UKKO and headliner GrimSkunk.

After a break in 2006, Rockfest came back in 2007 with the same format as the first edition and Vulgaires Machins as headliner. In 2008, the event expanded to a full day of music with two stages and was the first edition to attract attendees from outside the area, garnering press for its lineup which featured every single major Quebec band in the punk, rock and metal scenes, including GrimSkunk, Anonymus, Mononc' Serge, Deadly Apples and The Sainte Catherines.

Rockfest 2009 continued in the same format with a third stage added and featured Canadian bands such as Gob, Priestess and Mononc' Serge.  The 2010 edition expanded to two days and featured more international acts such as Anti-Flag, Misfits and Alexisonfire.  It was the last year that Deadly Apples performed before going on a 7-year hiatus while Martel focused on the growth of Rockfest.

In 2011, the event was renamed D-TOX Rockfest with the D-TOX clothing retailer chain becoming the title sponsor. It was the first major year for the event, featuring bands such as NOFX, Lamb of God playing their sole 2011 show, Pennywise, Hatebreed and many more.

Rockfest 2012 continued the expansion of the event with artists such as Korn, Sublime with Rome, Bad Religion and Dream Theater. Tony Sly played his last show with No Use for a Name at Rockfest 2012, before his death. Mitch Lucker also played his last Canadian show with Suicide Silence at Rockfest 2012, before his death. To honour their memories, the event named its two new hardcore and punk stages after the late frontmen the following year.

In 2013, the event was renamed to Amnesia Rockfest, as the Amnesia clothing retailer chain became the new title sponsor. The 2013 edition expanded to five stages and a larger line-up featuring Rise Against, The Offspring, Marilyn Manson, Alice Cooper, Deftones, Social Distortion, Rancid and Lamb of God. The festival tripled its attendance and received many complaints because of logistical issues. In response, organizers announced major logistical changes for 2014 by hiring the Quebec City Summer Festival production team, the Ottawa Bluesfest site coordinator and Gatineau Beerfest organizers Orkestra to handle the production, hospitality, logistics, campgrounds and parking lots.

The 2014 edition was praised by fans and critics for its massive line-up, as well as the top-notch production and logistics.  Attracting a record crowd, the lineup featured Blink-182, Mötley Crüe for the first show of their Final Tour, Weezer, Alice in Chains, Megadeth, Billy Talent, Primus, Five Finger Death Punch, Cypress Hill, NOFX and A Day to Remember.  Despite not officially performing at the festival that year, Rancid frontman Tim Armstrong played two secret acoustic sets on the streets of Montebello.  As part of promoting the festival, Martel was interviewed by Armstrong's Tim Timebomb radio show and by Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe on his Sixx Sense radio show.

Amnesia Rockfest's 10th anniversary edition took place in Montebello in June 2015.  The lineup was curated by Fat Mike of NOFX and Tim Armstrong of Rancid along with Martel.  It was premiered by Rolling Stone and featured System of a Down, Linkin Park (which ended up being their last Canadian show before Chester Bennington's death), The Offspring (performing Americana in full), Slayer, Snoop Dogg, Rob Zombie, Deftones (performing Around the Fur in full), Tenacious D, Pixies, Rancid (performing And Out Come The Wolves in full) and Sublime with Rome.  Stand-up comedy was also added to the fest with Mike Ward, Steve-O and Tom Green.  As part of promoting the festival, Martel was interviewed by a nude woman on entertainment program Naked News and several of their hosts covered the 2015 edition naked.

In early 2016, it was announced that festival founder Alex Martel had become a minority partner of Rockfest while Quebec entertainment companies Just for Laughs and La Tribu became majority partners.  Martel remained as spokesperson and programmer of the event.  Later in 2016, famous Quebec businessman Alexandre Taillefer also became a partner in Rockfest when he bought out stakes of La Tribu through his Mishmash company.

The 2016 edition was again curated by Fat Mike of NOFX and Tim Armstrong of Rancid along with Martel.  It featured Blink-182, Rise Against, Korn, Limp Bizkit, Jane's Addiction, Ice Cube, Bring Me the Horizon, A Day to Remember, Puscifer, Twisted Sister for their last Canadian performance, Lamb of God, Sum 41 and NOFX.  Quebec stand-up comic Mike Ward became spokesperson of the festival and hosted a Rockfest special on his podcast featuring Martel as guest.

In 2017, the event was renamed to Montebello Rockfest and featured Rammstein, Queens of the Stone Age, Iggy Pop, Alexisonfire, The Offspring (performing Ixnay on the Hombre in full), Megadeth, Wu-Tang Clan, Bullet for My Valentine, AFI, 311, Bad Religion and Good Charlotte.  Martel also reunited his band Deadly Apples at Rockfest 2017, headlining the Quebec Stage.  A special opening night for Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec's national holiday, featured Quebec bands such as Les Cowboys Fringants, Robert Charlebois, Les Trois Accords and Loco Locass.  In order to accommodate Rammstein's elaborate show, the festival brought the biggest stage and production of its history.  Organizers created a media frenzy in Quebec by inviting pop singer Jeremy Gabriel, a disabled boy with Treacher Collins syndrome who sang for the Pope and Celine Dion, to perform a metal set at Rockfest.

In early 2018, it was announced that Quebec promoter Piknic Electronik had replaced Just for Laughs as partner in Rockfest.  As both partners Piknic Electronik and La Tribu were owned by Alexandre Taillefer through his Mishmash company, Taillefer effectively gained control over the festival while founder Alex Martel continued as spokesperson and programmer.

The 13th edition in 2018 featured Prophets of Rage, Five Finger Death Punch, Weezer, Godsmack, Tenacious D, A Day to Remember, Lamb of God, Stone Temple Pilots, Jimmy Eat World, Sum 41 (performing Does This Look Infected? in full), Rancid and Dropkick Murphys.  In February 2018, Alex Martel was invited as a guest on talk-show Tout le monde en parle, Quebec's most watched TV show.  In May 2018, it was announced that Rockfest would become the first Canadian festival to ban the use of plastic straws.

On June 21, 2018, the organizers (Outaouais Rock) filed for protection under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act citing an accumulated debt of over $5 million due to a massive drop in ticket sales. Organizers made the decision hoping it would allow the festival to restructure its operations and ensure its survival. Unable to come to an agreement with its creditors, Outaouais Rock officially declared bankruptcy six months later on December 21, 2018.  In early 2019, it was revealed that former Rockfest majority partner Alexandre Taillefer's taxi company Teo went bankrupt as well and that many of his other projects were having financial difficulties.  Alex Martel, the original founder and minority partner, released several statements criticizing the majority partners who made the decision.

In February 2019, Martel announced that Rockfest would be replaced with a return-to-the-roots type festival called "Montebello Rock" without any involvement by Rockfest's former majority partners.  In March 2019, Olivier Primeau, co-owner of Montreal's Beachclub and festivals such as Metro Metro and Escapade Music Festival, announced that he was joining forces with Martel as a minority partner.

Put together in barely two months, the first edition of the newly branded and smaller Montebello Rock festival took place in June 2019 and featured MxPx, Venom, Vulgaires Machins, 88 Fingers Louie, The Sainte Catherines and more.  In 2019, Martel was a guest on many podcasts to discuss the downfall of Rockfest and starting over with Montebello Rock.

In the late 2019, the festival's team put together a sold-out benefit show for a local youth homeless centre at Montreal's Club Soda with Quebec artists such as Mononc' Serge, Rymz, Obey the Brave and Deadly Apples.

In November 2019, organizers confirmed a 2020 edition and rumours speculated that the Rockfest name would return, along with the festival's formula. In January 2020, press outlets reported on that Korn was confirmed for the 2020 edition. The festival announced its dates for July 2020, one month later than its usual June dates and on the same weekend that now-defunct competing event Heavy Montréal used to take place. In early 2020, all Quebec festivals were cancelled by the government until at least August 31, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and Martel confirmed that a postponement was being considered. In April 2020, Fat Mike of NOFX confirmed that the band was supposed to play the 2020 edition and that the Rockfest name was back. In late April, organizers gave away camping gear to homeless shelters and lent various production equipment to local authorities to help during the coronavirus crisis. In June 2020, organizers held a Virtual Rockfest edition while Quebec was still in confinement. A classic edition of the festival was recreated in real-time during a full weekend by using archival footage. Festival-goers were invited to live the experience in their own backyards.

It was announced that Rockfest's return would be pushed back to 2021. The festival's future seem to be on the ice due to the ongoing health restrictions in Quebec in 2021 as well as the uncertainty surrounding the return of live music in the context of the different COVID variants.

Controversies
During the 2012 edition, a festivalgoer leaving Rockfest died near Montebello in a car accident involving a police car responding to an emergency call at the festival.  The police officer, who was driving  in a  speed zone, was convicted of dangerous driving charges by the Quebec court at a second trial in 2019 and sentenced to community work and a $1,000 donation to a local charity.

In 2013, the event faced several logistical issues and growing pains as the attendance tripled, including sanitary problems.  In response, the organizers fixed all these issues the following year by hiring the Quebec City Summer Festival production team, the Ottawa Bluesfest site coordinator and Gatineau Beerfest organizers Orkestra to handle the production, hospitality, logistics, campgrounds and parking lots.  Prior to the 2013 edition, organizers received an anonymous threat accusing them of Satanism because they invited Marilyn Manson and Alice Cooper to perform at Rockfest.

In 2014, Jello Biafra dropped out of the festival when he found out that his former estranged band Dead Kennedys also got booked at Rockfest.  Martel responded that both bands were slated to perform on different days, as was the case with Black Flag and former frontman Henry Rollins and with Misfits and former frontman Danzig.  Despite this, Jello Biafra performed at the 2017 edition.

During the 2014 edition, porn company AD4X and adult actress Pamela Kayne recruited festivalgoers to participate in pornographic videos filmed at the festival campground in tents and RV's without the festival's knowledge. The company and another pornstar once again recruited festivalgoers at the 2016 edition, prompting Montebello's mayor to accuse AD4X of staging a publicity stunt.

At the 2014 edition, a feud erupted between NOFX and Five Finger Death Punch after the former band's frontman Fat Mike spent most of his set making fun of the latter.  Five Finger Death Punch vocalist Ivan Moody responded by dedicating their song Burn MF to NOFX.

In August 2014, organizers created a publicity stunt by sending a plane with a Rockfest banner to fly all weekend above competing festival Heavy Montreal's festival grounds.

In early 2015, a Montebello resident unsuccessfully sued the festival alleging that festivalgoers trespassed on his property during the 2013 edition and caused some damage.

In May 2015, Martel was interviewed by a nude woman on entertainment program Naked News and several of their hosts covered the 2015 edition naked.

At the 2015 edition, two intoxicated festivalgoers fell off a Ferris wheel and were taken to the hospital.

In late 2015, Quebec French language activist group Impératif Français criticized Rockfest for moving its 2016 dates on the Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec's national holiday weekend, while most performers at the festival sing in English.  Rockfest responded humorously by releasing a new version of its poster with all band names translated in French.

After the 2016 edition, a member of the Twisted Sister crew claimed that their experience performing at the festival, as part of the Twisted Sister farewell tour, was the "worst festival ever", and urged fans to go elsewhere for subsequent years, with one of the complaints being the absence of potato chips in the dressing room. Despite the previous year's controversy, Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider returned to perform at Rockfest in 2017 with his solo band.

In 2017, the festival created a media frenzy in Quebec by inviting pop singer Jeremy Gabriel, a disabled man with Treacher Collins syndrome who sang for the Pope and Celine Dion, to perform a metal set at Rockfest.  Gabriel had become a polarizing figure in Quebec over the past years for filing a complaint with the Quebec human rights commission against comedian Mike Ward over a stand-up joke.  Ward had performed stand-up comedy at Rockfest 2015 and was the spokesperson for Rockfest 2016.  The publicity stunt resulted in death threats against Gabriel with a Montreal resident arrested by local police and sentenced to 30 days in prison.  Porn company AD4X sparked further controversy by offering $10,000 to Gabriel to shoot a pornographic film at the festival with adult actress Vandal Vyxen.  In May 2018, Gabriel threatened to sue the festival after it leaked a photo depicting Gabriel using drugs at Rockfest.

At the 2017 edition, a festivalgoer in his 60s was found dead in the streets of Montebello after suffering a stroke.

In April 2018, Rockfest announced it would become the first festival to allow marijuana during the event following legalization of the drug in Canada.

In May 2018, ska band Streetlight Manifesto was kicked off the festival for failing to honor the radius clause in its contract for a second time.

During the 2018 edition, local police dismantled a vendor trailer that was set up on the festival grounds by Support 81, a Hells Angels support group that sells merchandise of the motorcycle club.

At the 2018 edition, a 25 year old festivalgoer died of a drug overdose at the festival campground.

On June 21, 2018, the organizers (Outaouais Rock) filed for protection under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act citing an accumulated debt of over $5 million due to a massive drop in ticket sales. Organizers made the decision hoping it would allow the festival to restructure its operations and ensure its survival. Unable to come to an agreement with its creditors, Outaouais Rock officially declared bankruptcy six months later on December 21, 2018.  In early 2019, it was revealed that former Rockfest majority partner Alexandre Taillefer's taxi company Teo went bankrupt as well and that many of his other projects were having financial difficulties.  Alex Martel, the original founder and minority partner, released several statements criticizing the majority partners who made the decision.  In February 2019, Martel announced that Rockfest would be replaced with a return-to-the-roots type festival called "Montebello Rock" without any involvement by Rockfest's former majority partners.  In March 2019, Olivier Primeau, co-owner of Montreal's Beachclub and festivals such as Metro Metro and Escapade Music Festival, announced that he was joining forces with Martel as a minority partner.

In April 2019, punk band Anti-Nowhere League was kicked off the festival following backlash over homophobic lyrics.

Two weeks before the 2019 edition of Montebello Rock, the event was forced to move its site because of major flooding of the Ottawa River.

In July 2021, Musika Montebello jazz festival promoter Yvan Tanguay insulted Rockfest fans by claiming that his event will attract a more cultured crowd. He had made similar statements in 2019.

See also
 List of festivals in Canada
 Music of Canada

References

External links

Rock festivals in Canada
Music festivals in Quebec


title: Saint Peirio

text:
Saint Peirio was a 6th-century pre-congregational saint of Wales and a child of King Caw of Strathclyde.

Biography
In 605AD he founded a church at Rhosbeirio on Anglesey Island, North Wales. Writing in 1861, Harry Longueville Jones said of St Peirio's church that it was "one of the humblest ecclesiastical buildings in Anglesey" and  that there were "no architectural features in this church worthy of delineation."

References

Medieval Welsh saints
6th-century Christian saints
5th-century Welsh people
5th-century births
Roman Catholic monks
Welsh Roman Catholic saints
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages


title: Abortion in Sint Maarten

text:
In Sint Maarten, a Dutch Caribbean constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, foreign policy is set by the Netherlands but all other laws including those related to abortion are self-determined. Abortion in Sint Maarten is illegal, although it may be permissible in circumstances where a pregnancy threatens the woman's life. Despite its illegality, abortions are routinely performed by some medical practitioners and are ignored by authorities.

Legislation
Sint Maarten's abortion law is modelled after Dutch common law which was adopted by the Netherlands' foreign colonies in 1918. This law, covered in Articles 308 to 311, prohibits the act of abortion with no exceptional circumstances. For a woman who procures her own abortion or a health practitioner who intentionally assists, the penalties range from three to 15 years of imprisonment, depending on whether the woman consents to the procedure, whether the woman dies as a result, and whether a qualified health professional is involved. Any woman "who intentionally causes the expulsion or the death of her fruit" can be imprisoned for up to three years, while assistants to abortion can be imprisoned for up to four years and six months if the woman consents to the procedure (increasing to six years if the woman dies) or up to 12 years if the woman does not give her permission (increasing to 15 years if the woman dies). The maximum sentences may be raised by a third if a health professional is involved—including doctors, midwives and pharmacists—and they may be banned from their profession. Although not explicitly stated in the articles relating to abortion law, the principle of necessity may be used as a justification for breaking criminal law if an abortion is required to save a pregnant woman's life.

Although the Netherlands legalised abortion in 1981, the reform was not adopted by any of the former colonies in the Dutch Caribbean, including Sint Maarten, Aruba and Curaçao, which instead retain the old Dutch common law. These three territories became autonomous countries in 2010, but there remains public apprehension about whether the Netherlands will continue to attempt to "impose its liberal values and legislation" on the Dutch Caribbean, with abortion law being a chief concern.

Access to abortion services
Although abortion is illegal in Sint Maarten, it is fairly commonplace as part of a system of "institutionalised
tolerance". Since the 1981 Dutch law allowed abortion, Sint Maarten physicians and officials have become more tolerant of abortion despite the fact that Sint Maarten's own law did not change. The Ministry of Health in the nearby island country of Curaçao has had an ongoing agreement with abortion providers in Sint Maarten, providing inspections of the facilities for quality of care.

Abortion is more accessible in the neighbouring country of the Collectivity of Saint Martin—which forms the other half of the island Saint Martin—where medical abortion using misoprostol is legal until 14 weeks' gestation and is universally available to those without health insurance. It is therefore common for women in Sint Maarten seeking abortions to travel to Saint Martin, "just a walk away across the border".

Overall, the abortion rate in the Dutch Antilles is similar to that of Dutch Antillean women living in the Netherlands; this is around eight times higher than the abortion rate amongst native Dutch women.

References

Sint Maarten
Health in Sint Maarten
Politics of Sint Maarten


title: Finn and Hattie

text:
Finn and Hattie is a 1931 American comedic pre-Code film directed by Norman Taurog, starring Leon Errol, Mitzi Green and ZaSu Pitts.

References

External links

1931 films
Films directed by Norman Taurog
1930s English-language films
American black-and-white films
1931 comedy films
American comedy films
1930s American films


title: Forbidden Adventure

text:
Forbidden Adventure, also known as Newly Rich, is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Mitzi Green, Edna May Oliver, Louise Fazenda and Jackie Searl. Three children - two actors and a king - run away from their constricted lives and have a forbidden adventure. Filming took place from April 2 to May 7, 1931.

Cast
 Mitzi Green as Daisy Tate
 Edna May Oliver as Bessie Tate
 Louise Fazenda as Maggie Tiffany
 Jackie Searl as Tiny Tim
 Bruce Line as King Maximilian
 Virginia Hammond as Queen Sedonia
 Lawrence Grant as Equerry
 Dell Henderson as Director

References

External links

1931 films
American black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
Films about actors
Films based on works by Sinclair Lewis
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films with screenplays by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
1931 comedy films
American comedy films
1930s American films


title: Brad Milosevic

text:
Brad Milosevic (born 26 May 1989) is an Australian long-distance runner. He won the half marathon at the Oceania Marathon and Half Marathon Championships (2014) in 1:05:33. and the 2014 NSW Short Course Cross Country race.
Major Titles & International CV:
2017 Nagoya City Half Marathon, Japan-                                         Champion,
2016 NSW State Open Championships,  10,000m -Champion,
2015 Melbourne Marathon-                                  Champion,
2015 Sydney City 2 Surf -                                                               Champion
2015 NSW State long-course & short-course XC Championships -(2nd)
2015 Nagoya City half marathon, Japan-                                          Champion,
2014 Blackmores Sydney Australian half-marathon -Champion,
2014 Gold Coast Oceania half-marathon-                                        Champion,
2014 Sydney City 2 Surf-                                                               (2nd),
2014 NSW State 5,000m -                                                                     Champion,
2014 NSW State short course Cross-Country-                                  Champion He was born in 1989 and grew up in Kings Langley near Sydney.

Running career
Milosevic rose in Australia's running scene with Girraween Athletics Club. In 2014, he came second in the City2Surf (Sydney). On 9 August 2015, he won the 2015 edition of the City2Surf race. On 18 October 2015, he fulfilled the Olympic "B" standard when he finished the 2015 Melbourne Marathon in 2:16:00.

In 2017, Milosevic competed in the men's marathon at the World Championships in Athletics held in London, placing 60th in the time of 2:25:14.

References

External links
 Brad Milosevic at Athletics Australia
 Brad Milosevic at Australian Athletics Historical Results

1989 births
Living people
Australian male long-distance runners
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Sooky

text:
Sooky is a 1931 American pre-Code adventure film directed by Norman Taurog and written by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, Norman Z. McLeod and Sam Mintz. It is a sequel to the 1931 film Skippy. The film stars Jackie Cooper, Robert Coogan, Jackie Searl, Willard Robertson, Enid Bennett and Helen Jerome Eddy. It was released on December 26, 1931, by Paramount Pictures.

Plot

Cast
Jackie Cooper as Skippy Skinner
Robert Coogan as Sooky Wayne
Jackie Searl as Sidney Saunders
Willard Robertson as Dr. Skinner
Enid Bennett as Mrs. Skinner
Helen Jerome Eddy as Mrs. Wayne
Guy Oliver as Mr. Moggs
Harry Beresford as Mr. Willoughby
Gertrude Sutton as Hilda
Oscar Apfel as Krausmyer
Tom Wilson as Officer Duncan

References

External links

1931 films
1930s adventure comedy-drama films
American black-and-white films
American adventure comedy-drama films
American sequel films
1930s English-language films
Films about children
Films based on American comics
Films based on comic strips
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films with screenplays by Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Live-action films based on comics
Paramount Pictures films
1931 comedy films
1931 drama films
1930s American films


title: Cozz

text:
Cody Rashad Osagie, better known by his stage name Cozz, is an American rapper. He is signed to J. Cole's label Dreamville Records and Interscope Records. His debut studio album Cozz & Effect, was released in October 2014.

Career

2013–2015: Career beginnings and Cozz & Effect
In 2013, Cozz began to take rap seriously, and recorded a demo tape. A few months later, he released the music video for "Dreams". Shortly after, he started to get notice, and having meetings with many different labels. Cozz's manager brought the music video to J. Cole and was later signed to Dreamville Records.

On October 3, 2014, Cozz released his debut album Cozz & Effect The project was initially intended as a free mixtape upon recording. But according to Cozz, when it was finished, it sounded better than they had hoped and they therefore agreed it can be sold. Dreamville Records released it on digital format firstly, followed by physical CD a short while afterwards. In 2015, Cozz was a part of J. Cole's "2014 Forest Hills Drive Tour" along with other acts Bas, Omen, Pusha T, Jhene Aiko, Jeremih, YG, and Big Sean.

2016–2020: Nothin' Personal and Effected
On January 4, 2016, Cozz released his second project, and first mixtape, Nothin' Personal. The mixtape was entirely produced by Meez. Features include fellow west coast rapper Boogie, Bas, and Free Ackrite. The mixtape was supported with four singles: "Tabs," "Growth," "My Side," and "Who Said."

On February 13, 2018, he released his second album Effected which includes features from J. Cole and Kendrick Lamar. Singles and music videos for the album includes "Questions", "Demons N Distractions", and "Bout It". On April 4, 2018, Cozz announced The Effected Tour in North American in 16 cities, to further promote the album. He was also featured on Los Angeles rapper JAG's album with Reason on the track "Black Boy Rise". On November 7, Cozz worked with DJ Megan Ryte on a 5-track mixtape called Aftermath Of My Dreams.

2021–present: Fortunate EP
On October 22, 2021, Cozz released the first single from the EP of the same name titled "Fortunate", produced by T-Minus, J. Cole, and Ced Breeze. On November 17, he released the second single "Addicted", along with a music video. On December 2, Cozz released the EP Fortunate, which features a guest appearance from YG.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Mixtapes

Compilation albums

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Guest appearances

References

1993 births
Living people
American people of Nigerian descent
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
People from Edo State
Rappers from Los Angeles
West Coast hip hop musicians
Dreamville Records artists
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians


title: College Rhythm

text:
College Rhythm is a 1934 American musical comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Jack Oakie, Mary Brian, and Joe Penner. The budget was $537,000. Filming started August 16, 1934.

Plot
Cocky college football star Francis Finnegan has his eye on the attractive Gloria van Dayham, as does his rival, Larry Stacey.

Francis gets a job in a department store owned by Stacey's father, where salesgirl June Cort develops an attraction to him. Finnegan proposes that Stacey's store sponsor a football team, which causes rival shop owner Whimple to do likewise. The team's head cheerleader, Mimi, falls for team mascot Joe, meanwhile, and everybody pairs off with the perfect partner after the big game.

Cast
 Jack Oakie as Finnegan
 Joe Penner as Joe
 Lanny Ross as Larry
 Helen Mack as June Cort
 Mary Brian as Gloria
 Lyda Roberti as Mimi
 Franklin Pangborn as Peabody
 Dean Jagger as Coach Robbins
 George Barbier as J. P. Stacey
 Robert McWade as Whimple

See also
 List of American football films

References

External links
 ; accessed September 13, 2015

1934 films
1934 musical comedy films
1934 romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
American football films
American musical comedy films
American romantic comedy films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films set in universities and colleges
Paramount Pictures films
1930s romantic musical films
1930s American films


title: Fujifilm X-T1

text:
The Fujifilm X-T1 is a weather-resistant mirrorless interchangeable lens camera announced by Fujifilm on January 28, 2014. It uses the Fujifilm X-mount and is the first entry in the X-T lineage of DSLR-styled X series cameras.

The X-T2 was announced as the successor to the X-T1 on July 7, 2016.

Features

The X-T1 camera body is dust- and water-resistant and also freezeproof down to . It has a large electronic viewfinder, larger apparent image than the optical viewfinders of some DSLRs such as the Canon EOS-1D X. It has 3 dials on the top-plate of the camera for adjusting ISO, shutter speed, and exposure compensation. It has a tilt-screen. It lacks in-body stabilisation and built-in flash, but includes a flash sync port. A hand grip and battery grip are available as separately sold accessories.

Reception
Shortly after the release of the camera, it was reported that the camera had a light leak through its accessory ports. Fujifilm responded stating that only some cameras from an early production run were affected, and offered to repair affected units free of charge.

Later, the X-T1 won the EISA Award "Best Product 2014" in the category "Advanced Compact System Camera".

XT-1 IR
A full-spectrum version of the X-T1 released in October 2015. The X-T1 IR captures light above and below the visible spectrum — wavelengths from about 380 nanometers to 1,000 nm. This allows the user to capture both infrared as well as the edge of near ultraviolet images. It was developed and marketed specifically for law enforcement (forensic) as well as medical and scientific applications.

References

External links

 FUJIFILM X-T1 | 富士フイルム
 FUJIFILM X-T1 | Fujifilm Global
 Fujifilm X-T1 Digital Photography Review. Jan 28, 2014

X-T1
Cameras introduced in 2014


title: Are Husbands Necessary?

text:
Are Husbands Necessary? is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Norman Taurog and starring Ray Milland and Betty Field. It follows the misadventures of a wacky wife and her sometimes exasperated, but loving, banker husband. The film's screenplay was adapted by the husband-and-wife writing team of Tess Slesinger and Frank Davis, from the novel Mr. and Mrs. Cugat, the Record of a Happy Marriage by Isabel Scott Rorick. This novel would later be a source for the related 1948 radio series My Favorite Husband starring Lucille Ball, which itself would evolve into the television series I Love Lucy.

A one-hour Lux Radio Theatre adaptation of the film, featuring George Burns and Gracie Allen, aired February 15, 1943, on CBS Radio.

Cast
Ray Milland as George Cugat
Betty Field as Mary Elizabeth Cugat
Patricia Morison as Myra Ponsonby
Eugene Pallette as Bunker
Philip Terry as Cory Cartwright
Richard Haydn as Chuck
Charles Dingle as Duncan Atterbury
Kathleen Lockhart as Laura Atterbury
Leif Erickson as Bill Stone
Cecil Kellaway as Dr. Buell
Elizabeth Risdon as Mrs. Westwood
Charlotte Wynters as Mrs. Finley

References

External links
Are Husbands Necessary? review at The New York Times
Are Husbands Necessary? at IMDb
Are Husbands Necessary? at TCMDB

1942 films
1942 comedy films
American black-and-white films
American comedy films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Taurog
Films scored by Robert Emmett Dolan
Paramount Pictures films
1940s American films


title: Marina Frolova-Walker

text:
Marina Frolova-Walker FBA (; born 1966) is a Russian-born British musicologist and music historian, who specialises in German Romanticism, Russian and Soviet music, and nationalism in music. She is Professor of Music History at the University of Cambridge and Director of Studies in Music at Clare College, Cambridge. In June 2019 it was announced that she would be the 36th Professor of Music at Gresham College. She has authored several books and a number of academic articles.

Biography
Born in Moscow, she first attended the college (ru) of the Moscow Conservatory and then subsequently completed her graduate studies at the conservatory proper. In 1994 she defended her doctorate on the symphonies of the 19th century German composer Robert Schumann and their influence on Russian music. She moved to the United Kingdom in the same year "for personal, rather than political reasons." Between 1994 and 2000 she taught at various universities in the UK, namely at the University of Ulster, Goldsmiths, University of London, and University of Southampton. In 2000 she started teaching at the University of Cambridge.

In her biography, Frolova-Walker writes that she began teaching at 19, and adds that she has given more than 100 lectures before concerts in locations ranging from Carnegie Hall to factories in Kazakhstan.

In 2014, Frolova-Walker was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.

In 2015, Frolova-Walker was elected to professorship at the University of Cambridge. She delivered her inaugural professorial lecture at the University of Cambridge in October 2015. Also in 2015 Frolova-Walker was awarded the Dent Medal for outstanding contribution to musicology.

Frolova-Walker has appeared regularly on TV and Radio including the BBC Proms. In 2015 she appeared on BBC Radio 3 Proms Extra speaking on Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony. She has also contributed to the BBC Radio 3 Stravinsky 'A to Z', BBC Radio 3 Composer of the Week, and BBC Radio 3 Record Review.  In 2018-19, Frolova-Walker gave a series of lectures on 'Russian Opera and the State' at Gresham College; in 2019-20 her Gresham lectures will be on Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. Links to her radio broadcasts, filmed lectures, and selected articles can be found on Frolova-Walker's website.

Works
Frolova-Walker's interest in historiography of Russian music and the nationalist/exoticist myths resulted in the book titled Russian Music and Nationalism: from Glinka to Stalin (2008), which is considered her magnum opus. It has received generally favourable reviews from critics. Andrew Wachtel, although pointing out several errors and shortcomings, wrote that it "will be important for all scholars interested in manifestations of Russian nationalist thinking and/or in the process of cultural nation-building."

In 2011-13 she held a Major Research Fellowship from the [Leverhulme Trust], which allowed her to pursue extensive archival research in [Russia], leading to the publication of Stalin's Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics (Yale University Press, 2016).

Books

Frolova-Walker, Marina and Patrick Zuk (eds.) (2017). Russian Music Since 1917: Reappraisal and Rediscovery. Oxford University Press/British Academy.
Frolova-Walker, Marina (ed.) (2018). Rimsky-Korsakov and His World. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press. .

Selected articles

Awards and honors

 2015: Dent Medal for Excellence in the field of Musicology

References

1966 births
Living people
British musicologists
British women musicologists
Members of the University of Cambridge Faculty of Music
Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge
Academic staff of Saratov State University
Russian musicologists
Russian women musicologists
Russian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Moscow Conservatory alumni