title: Second Cold War

text:
The Second Cold War, Cold War II, or the New Cold War are terms that refer to heightened geopolitical tensions in the 21st century. They have been used to describe the tense relations between the United States and China and, similarly, between the United States and Russia, the primary successor state of the former Soviet Union, which took part in the original Cold War.

The terms are sometimes used to describe tensions in multilateral relations. Some commentators have used them as a comparison to the original Cold War, while others have discouraged their use to refer to any current tensions.

Past usages

Past sources, such as academics Fred Halliday, Alan M. Wald, David S. Painter, and Noam Chomsky, used the interchangeable terms to refer to the 1979–1985 and/or 1985–1991 phases of the Cold War.  Some other sources used similar terms to refer to the Cold War of the mid-1970s. Columnist William Safire argued in a 1975 New York Times editorial that the Nixon administration's policy of détente with the Soviet Union had failed and that "Cold War II" was then underway.

In May 1998, George Kennan described the US Senate vote to expand NATO to include Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic as "the beginning of a new cold war", and predicted that "the Russians will gradually react quite adversely and it will affect their policies".

In 2001, foreign policy and security experts James M. Lindsay and Ivo Daalder described counterterrorism as the "new Cold War".

Academic Gordon H. Chang in 2007 used the term "Cold War II" to refer to the Cold War period after the 1972 meeting in China between US President Richard Nixon and Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong.

The journalist Edward Lucas wrote in 2008 that a new cold war between Russia and the West had already begun.

Usage in a multilateral context
In an op-ed for The Straits Times, Kor Kian Beng wrote that the phrase "new Cold War" between US-led allies versus Beijing and Moscow did not gain traction in China at first. This changed in 2016 after the United States announced its plan to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) in South Korea against North Korea, but China and Russia found the advanced anti-missile system too close for comfort. The US also supported a tribunal ruling against China in favor of the Philippines in the South China Sea. Afterwards, the term "new Cold War" appeared in Chinese media more often. Analysts believe this does not reflect China's desire to pursue such a strategy but precautions should still be in place in order to lower the chances of any escalation.

In June 2019, University of Southern California (USC) professors Steven Lamy and Robert D. English agreed that the "new Cold War" would distract political parties from bigger issues such as globalization, global warming, global poverty, increasing inequality, and far-right populism. However, Lamy said that the new Cold War had not yet begun, while English said that it already had. English further said that China poses a far greater threat than Russia in cyberwarfare but not as much as far-right populism does from within liberal states like the US.

In his September 2021 speech to the United Nations General Assembly, US President Joe Biden said that the US is "not seeking a new Cold War or a world divided into rigid blocs." Biden further said that the US would cooperate "with any nation that steps up and pursues peaceful resolution to shared challenges," despite "intense disagreement in other areas, because we'll all suffer the consequences of our failure."

In early May 2022, Hoover Institution senior fellow Niall Ferguson said at the Milken Institute Global Conference that "Cold War II began some time ago". He also said "Cold War II is different, though, because in Cold War II, China's the senior partner, and Russia's the junior partner", and "in Cold War II, the first hot war breaks out in Europe, rather than Asia." Later in the same month, David Panuelo, President of the Federated States of Micronesia, used the term to state his opposition to a proposed cooperation agreement between China and ten island nations, by claiming it could create a "new 'cold war' between China and the west."

A journalist Michael Hirsh in June 2022 used the term "[global] Cold War" to refer to tensions between leaders of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and China and its ally Russia, both countries striving to challenge the US's role as a superpower. Hirsh further cited growing tensions between the US and China as one of the causes of the newer Cold War alongside NATO's speech about China's "systemic challenges to the rules-based international order and to areas relevant to alliance security". He further cited the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 as one of factors of the newer Cold War's rise.

In July 2022, James Traub used the term while discussing how the ideas of the Non-Aligned Movement, a forum of neutral countries organized during the original Cold War, can be used to understand the reaction of democratic countries in the developing world to current tensions. In the same month France, the United States and Russia scheduled high-level, multi-country diplomatic visits in Africa. An article reporting on these trips used the term "new Cold War" in relation to what "some say is the most intense competition for influence [in Africa] since the [original] Cold War".

An article published in the July 2022 issue of the journal Intereconomics linked the possible "beginning of a new cold war between the
West and the East" with "the rebirth of a new era of conflict, the end of the late 20th century unipolar international security architecture under the hegemony of the United States, [and] the end of globalisation".

In August 2022, an analysis article in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz used the term to refer to the US's "open confrontation with Russia and China". The article continues on to discuss the impact of the current situation on Israel, concluding that "in the new Cold War, [Israel] cannot allow itself to be neutral." In the same month, Katrina vanden Heuvel used the term while cautioning against what she perceived as a "reflexive bipartisan embrace of a new Cold War" against Russia and China among US politicians.

In September 2022, a Greek civil engineer and politician Anna Diamantopoulou further stated, despite unity of NATO members, "the West has lost much of its normative power," citing her "meetings with politicians from Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East." She further stated that the West will risk losing "a new cold war" unless it overcomes challenges that would give Russia and China a greater world advantage. She further gave suggestions to the Western powers, including the European Union.

Usage in the context of China–United States tensions

The US senior defence official Jed Babbin, Yale University professor David Gelernter, Firstpost editor R. Jagannathan, Subhash Kapila of the South Asia Analysis Group, former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, and some other sources have used the term (occasionally using the term "Pacific Cold War") to refer to tensions between the United States and China in the 2000s and 2010s.

Trump presidency (2017–21)

Donald Trump, who was inaugurated as US president on 20 January 2017, had repeatedly said during his presidential campaign that he considered China a threat, a stance that heightened speculations of the possibility of a "new cold war with China". Claremont McKenna College professor Minxin Pei said that Trump's election win and "ascent to the presidency" may increase chances of the possibility. In March 2017, a self-declared socialist magazine Monthly Review said, "With the rise of the Trump administration, the new Cold War with Russia has been put on hold", and also said that the Trump administration has planned to shift from Russia to China as its main competitor.

In July 2018, Michael Collins, deputy assistant director of the CIA's East Asia mission center, told the Aspen Security Forum in Colorado he believed China under paramount leader and general secretary Xi Jinping, while unwilling to go to war, was waging a "quiet kind of cold war" against the United States, seeking to replace the US as the leading global power. He further elaborated: "What they're waging against us is fundamentally a cold war — a cold war not like we saw during [the] Cold War (between the U.S. and the Soviet Union) but a cold war by definition". In October 2018, a Hong Kong's Lingnan University professor Zhang Baohui told The New York Times that a speech by United States Vice-president Mike Pence at the Hudson Institute "will look like the declaration of a new Cold War".

In January 2019, Robert D. Kaplan of the Center for a New American Security wrote that "it is nothing less than a new cold war: The constant, interminable Chinese computer hacks of American warships’ maintenance records, Pentagon personnel records, and so forth constitute war by other means. This situation will last decades and will only get worse".

In February 2019, Joshua Shifrinson, an associate professor from Boston University, criticised the concerns about tensions between China and the US as "overblown", saying that the relationship between the two countries are different from that of the US–Soviet Union relations during the original Cold War, that factors of heading to another era of bipolarity are uncertain, and that ideology play a less prominent role between China and the US.

In June 2019, academic Stephen Wertheim called President Trump a "xenophobe" and criticised Trump's foreign policy toward China for heightening risks of a new Cold War, which Wertheim wrote "could plunge the United States back into gruesome proxy wars around the world and risk a still deadlier war among the great powers."

In August 2019, Yuan Peng of the China Institute of International Studies said that the financial crisis of 2007–2008 "initiated a shift in the global order." Yuan predicted the possibility of the new cold war between both countries and their global power competition turning "from 'superpower vs. major power' to 'No. 1 vs. No. 2'." On the other hand, scholar Zhu Feng said that their "strategic competition" would not lead to the new Cold War. Zhu said that the US–China relations have progressed positively and remained "stable", despite disputes in the South China Sea and Taiwan Strait and US President Trump's aggressive approaches toward China.

In January 2020, columnist and historian Niall Ferguson opined that China is one of the major players of this Cold War, whose powers are "economic rather than military", and that Russia's role is "quite small". Ferguson also wrote: "[C]ompared with the 1950s, the roles have been reversed. China is now the giant, Russia the mean little sidekick. China under Xi remains strikingly faithful to the doctrine of Marx and Lenin. Russia under Putin has reverted to Tsarism." Ferguson further wrote that this Cold War is different from the original Cold War because the US "is so intertwined with China" at the point where "decoupling" is as others argued "a delusion" and because "America's traditional allies are much less eager to align themselves with Washington and against Beijing." He further wrote that the new Cold War "shifted away from trade to technology" when both the US and China signed their Phase One trade deal. In a February 2020 interview with The Japan Times, Ferguson suggested that, to "contain China", the US "work intelligently with its Asian and European allies", as the US had done in the original Cold War, rather than on its own and perform something more effective than "tariffs, which are a very blunt instrument." He also said that the US under Trump has been "rather poor" at making foreign relations.

On 24 May 2020, China Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that relations with the US were on the "brink of a new Cold War" after it was fuelled by tensions over the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020, Boston College political scientist Robert S. Ross wrote that the US and China "are destined to compete [but] not destined for violent conflict or a cold war." In July, Ross said that the Trump "administration would like to fully decouple from China. No trade, no cultural exchanges, no political exchanges, no cooperation on anything that resembles common interests."

In August 2020, a La Trobe University professor Nick Bisley wrote that the US–China rivalry "will be no Cold War" but rather will "be more complex, harder to manage, and last much longer." He further wrote that comparing the old Cold War to the ongoing rivalry "is a risky endeavour."

In September 2020, the UN Secretary General António Guterres warned that the increasing tensions between the US under Trump and China under Xi were leading to "a Great Fracture" which would become costly to the world. Xi Jinping replied by saying that "China has no intention to fight either a Cold War or a hot one with any country."

Biden presidency (2021–present)

In March 2021, Columbia University professor Thomas J. Christensen wrote that the cold war between the US and China "is unlikely" in comparison to the original Cold War, citing China's prominence in the "global production chain" and absence of the authoritarianism vs. liberal democracy dynamic. Christensen further advised those concerned about the tensions between the two nations to research China's role in the global economy and its "foreign policy toward international conflicts and civil wars" between liberal and authoritarian forces. He further noted newly elected US President Joe Biden's planned approach different from predecessor Donald Trump.

In September 2021, former Portuguese defence and foreign minister Paulo Portas described the announcement of the AUKUS security pact and the ensuing unprecedented diplomatic crisis between the signatories (Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and France (which has several territories in the Indo-Pacific) as a possible formal starting point of a new Cold War.

On 7 November 2021, President Joe Biden's national security adviser Jake Sullivan stated that the US does not pursue system change in China anymore, marking a clear break from the China policy pursued by previous US administrations. Sullivan said that the US is not seeking a new Cold War with China, but is looking for a system of peaceful coexistence.

In November 2021, Hal Brands and Yale professor John Lewis Gaddis wrote in their Foreign Affairs article that China and the US have been entering "a new cold war", meaning "a protracted international rivalry, for cold wars in this sense are as old as history itself." Brands and Gaddis further wrote that this has not been "the Cold War" and that "the context is quite different". Both authors differentiated the "Soviet–American Cold War" from the "Sino-American cold war".

According to a poll done by Morning Consult, only 15 percent of US respondents and 16 percent of Chinese respondents think the countries are in a cold war, with most rather categorizing it as a competition.

In August 2022, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement condemning US House speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan. This statement demanded, among other things, that the US "not seek a 'new Cold War'".

Following a November 2022 meeting between Biden and Xi Jinping at the G20 summit in Bali, Biden told reporters that "there need not be a new Cold War".

In a December 2022 editorial published just before being elected US House speaker, Kevin McCarthy wrote that "China and the US are locked in a cold war." The op-ed also announced the creation of the House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party.

In early 2023, Jorge Heine, former Chilean ambassador to China and professor of international relations professor at Boston University, said the looming new Cold War between the US and China has become apparent to "a growing consensus", and described the new Cold War as "more alike than [it is] different" from the one fought between the US and Soviet Union, and saying the presence of "ideological-military overtones is now widely accepted."

Usage in the context of Russia–United States tensions

Debate over the term

Sources disagree as to whether a period of global tension analogous to the Cold War is possible in the future, while others have used the term to describe the ongoing renewed tensions, hostilities, and political rivalries that intensified dramatically in 2014 between Russia, the United States and their respective allies.

Stephen F. Cohen, Robert D. Crane, and Alex Vatanka have all referred to a "US–Russian Cold War".

Sources opposed to the term argue that while new tensions between Russia and the West have similarities with those during the Cold War, there are also major differences, and provide Russia with new avenues for exerting influence, such as in Belarus and Central Asia, which have not seen the type of direct military action in which Russia engaged in less cooperative former Soviet states like Ukraine and the Caucasus region.

In June 2014, the Macedonian Ministry of Defense published an article asserting that the term "Cold War II" was as a misnomer.

In February 2016, at the Munich Security Conference, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that NATO and Russia were "not in a cold-war situation but also not in the partnership that we established at the end of the Cold War", while Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, speaking of what he called NATO's "unfriendly and opaque" policy on Russia, said "One could go as far as to say that we have slid back to a new Cold War".

In October 2016 and March 2017, Stoltenberg said that NATO did not seek "a new Cold War" or "a new arms race" with Russia.

In February 2016, a Higher School of Economics university academic and Harvard University visiting scholar Yuval Weber wrote on E-International Relations that "the world is not entering Cold War II", asserting that the current tensions and ideologies of both sides are not similar to those of the original Cold War, that situations in Europe and the Middle East do not destabilise other areas geographically, and that Russia "is far more integrated with the outside world than the Soviet Union ever was".

In September 2016, when asked if he thought the world had entered a new cold war, Russian Foreign Minister, Sergey Lavrov, argued that current tensions were not comparable to the Cold War. He noted the lack of an ideological divide between the United States and Russia, saying that conflicts were no longer ideologically bipolar.

In August 2016, Daniel Larison of The American Conservative magazine wrote that tensions between Russia and the United States would not "constitute a 'new Cold War'" especially between democracy and authoritarianism, which Larison found more limited than and not as significant in 2010s as that of the Soviet-Union era. Andrew Kuchins, an American political scientist and Kremlinologist speaking in December 2016, believed the term was "unsuited to the present conflict" as it may be more dangerous than the Cold War.

In August 2017, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov denied claims that the US and Russia were having another cold war, despite ongoing tensions between the two countries and newer US sanctions against Russia. A University of East Anglia graduate student Oliver Steward and the Casimir Pulaski Foundation senior fellow Stanisław Koziej in 2017 attributed Zapad 2017 exercise, a military exercise by Russia, as part of the new Cold War.

In March 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin told journalist Megyn Kelly in an interview: "My point of view is that the individuals that have said that a new Cold War has started are not analysts. They do propaganda." Michael Kofman, a senior research scientist at the CNA Corporation and a fellow at the Wilson Center's Kennan Institute said that the new cold war for Russia "is about its survival as a power in the international order, and also about holding on to the remnants of the Russian empire". Lyle Goldstein, a research professor at the US Naval War College claims that the situations in Georgia and Ukraine "seemed to offer the requisite storyline for new Cold War". Also in March 2018, Harvard University professors Stephen Walt and then Odd Arne Westad criticized the application of the term to increasing tensions between Russia and the West as "misleading", "distract[ing]", and too simplistic to describe the more complicated contemporary international politics.

In October 2018, Russian military analyst Pavel Felgenhauer told Deutsche Welle that the new Cold War would make the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and other Cold War-era treaties "irrelevant because they correspond to a totally different world situation." In February 2019, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that the withdrawal from the INF treaty would not lead to "a new Cold War".

Russian news agency TASS reported the Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov saying "I don't think that we should talk about a new Cold War", adding that the US development of low-yield nuclear warheads (the first of which entered production in January 2019) had increased the potential for the use of nuclear weapons.

Middle East conflicts

In 2013, Michael Klare compared in RealClearPolitics tensions between Russia and the West to the ongoing proxy conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Oxford Professor Philip N. Howard argued that a new cold war was being fought via the media, information warfare, and cyberwar.

Some observers, including Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, judged the Syrian civil war to be a proxy war between Russia and the United States, and even a "proto-world war". In January 2016, senior UK government officials were reported to have registered their growing fears that "a new cold war" was now unfolding in Europe: "It really is a new Cold War out there. Right across the EU we are seeing alarming evidence of Russian efforts to unpick the fabric of European unity on a whole range of vital strategic issues".

In April 2018, relations deteriorated over a potential US-led military strike in Middle East after the Douma chemical attack in Syria, which was attributed to the Syrian Army by rebel forces in Douma, and poisoning of the Skripals in the UK.  The Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres, told a meeting of the UN Security Council that "the Cold War was back with a vengeance".  He suggested the dangers were even greater, as the safeguards that existed to manage such a crisis "no longer seem to be present". Dmitri Trenin supported Guterres' statement, but added that it began in 2014 and had been intensifying since, resulting in US-led strikes on the Syrian government on 13 April 2018.

In February 2022, journalist Marwan Bishara held the US and Russia responsible for pursuing "their own narrow interests", including then-US President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel as well as Putin's 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and for "pav[ing] the way for, well, another Cold War".

Russo-Ukrainian War

The term "Cold War II" gained currency and relevance as tensions between Russia and the West escalated throughout the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine followed by the Russo-Ukrainian War and especially the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in July 2014. By August 2014, both sides had implemented economic, financial, and diplomatic sanctions upon each other: virtually all Western countries, led by the US and European Union, imposed punitive measures on Russia, which introduced retaliatory measures.

In 2014, notable figures such as Mikhail Gorbachev warned, against the backdrop of a confrontation between Russia and the West over the Russo-Ukrainian War, that the world was on the brink of a new cold war, or that it was already occurring. The American political scientist Robert Legvold also believes it started in 2013 during the Ukraine crisis. Others argued that the term did not accurately describe the nature of relations between Russia and the West.

In October 2016, John Sawers, a former MI6 chief, said he thought the world was entering an era that was possibly "more dangerous" than the Cold War, as "we do not have that focus on a strategic relationship between Moscow and Washington". Similarly, Igor Zevelev, a fellow at the Wilson Center, said that "it's not a Cold War [but] a much more dangerous and unpredictable situation". CNN opined: "It's not a new Cold War. It's not even a deep chill. It's an outright conflict".

In January 2017, former US government adviser Molly K. McKew said at Politico that the US would win a new cold war. The New Republic editor Jeet Heer dismissed the possibility as "equally troubling[,] reckless threat inflation, wildly overstating the extent of Russian ambitions and power in support of a costly policy", and too centred on Russia while "ignoring the rise of powers like China and India". Heer also criticised McKew for suggesting the possibility. Jeremy Shapiro, a senior fellow in the Brookings Institution, wrote in his blog post at RealClearPolitics, referring to the US–Russia relations: "A drift into a new Cold War has seemed the inevitable result".

Speaking to the press in Berlin on 8 November 2019, a day before the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo warned of the dangers posed by Russia and China and specifically accused Russia, "led by a former KGB officer once stationed in Dresden", of invading its neighbours and crushing dissent. Jonathan Marcus of the BBC opined that Pompeo's words "appeared to be declaring the outbreak of a second [Cold War]".

In February 2022, journalist H. D. S. Greenway cited the Russian invasion of Ukraine and 4 February joint statement between Russia and China (under Putin and Xi Jinping) as one of the signs that Cold War II had officially begun.

In March 2022, Yale historian Arne Westad and Harvard historian Fredrik Logevall in a videotelephony conversation asserted "that the global showdown over Ukraine" would "not signal a second Cold War". Furthermore, Westad said that Putin's words about Ukraine resembled, which Harvard journalist James F. Smith summarized, "some of the colonial racial arguments of imperial powers of the past, ideas from the late 19th and early 20th century rather than the Cold War."

In June 2022, journalist Gideon Rachman asserted the Russian invasion of Ukraine as the start of a second Cold War.

Historian Antony Beevor stated in October 2022 that he believes the world to be in a Second Cold War, and that "it is no longer [about] the old divide between left and right" but rather "a change in the direction of autocracy versus democracy", a change made apparent by the Russian invasion of Ukraine; in his opinion, this cold war is "much scarier" than the first, as "one of the most worrying aspects" of the new cold war is a total disregard for diplomatic agreements.

See also

 Artificial Intelligence Cold War
 "Back to the Cold War" (South Park episode)
 China–Russia relations
 Climate security
 Cold peace
 International relations since 1989
 Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
 List of ongoing armed conflicts
 NATO–Russia relations
 Post–Cold War era
 Post-Soviet conflicts
 Proxy war
 Resource war
 Space warfare
 World War III

References

Further reading

 Economy, Elizabeth C. The World According to China (John Wiley & Sons, 2021).
 Khong, Yuen Foong. "The US, China, and the Cold War analogy." China International Strategy Review 1.2 (2019): 223–237.
 Monaghan, Andrew. A'New Cold War'?: Abusing History, Misunderstanding Russia . London: Chatham House, 2015.
 Smith, Nicholas Ross. A New Cold War?: Assessing the Current US-Russia Relationship . Springer, 2019.
 Woodward, Jude. The US Vs China: Asia's New Cold War? (Manchester University Press, 2017).
 Xiying, Zuo. "Unbalanced deterrence: Coercive threat, reassurance and the US-China rivalry in Taiwan strait." Pacific Review 34.4 (2021): 547–576.

 Willy Wo-Lap Lam. The New Cold War that Threatens to Turn Hot The Jamestown Foundation 2023.

External links

21st-century conflicts
Foreign relations of the European Union
Foreign relations of China
China–Russia relations
China–United States relations
21st century in Europe
21st century in Russia
Foreign relations of Russia
Foreign relations of the United States
Geopolitical rivalry
Global conflicts
History of Russia (1991–present)
Russia–NATO relations
Russia–European Union relations
Russia–United States relations
2010s neologisms
Possible future wars
Post–Cold War era


title: Roberto Pla

text:
Roberto Pla (born February 13, 1947) is a Colombian percussionist and bandleader based in London, England. Primarily a timbalero, he is best known for his contribution to the Latin music scene in the United Kingdom. He has toured with Carlos "Patato" Valdés, Alfredo Rodríguez and Adalberto Santiago, among others.

Life and career

Early life
Roberto Pla was born in Barranquilla on Colombia's Northern Atlantic coast, a tropical area rich in music and folklore. As a boy, he studied percussion with Pompilio Rodriguez, at that time one of Colombia's greatest percussionists. In 1964, he left Barranquilla for Bogota the country's capital, and while he was there he became an active session musician playing with some of the best bands in his country including Los Ocho De Colombia. From 1968-78 he played drum kit with Orchestra Lucho Bermudez, Colombia's leading Big Band, and national institution with whom he toured Latin America and the United States, recorded numerous albums and appeared weekly on Colombian television.

New York and London
In 1979, Pla left Colombia for New York, where he became a busy salsa session percussionist working with, amongst others, Orchestra La Tradition. In 1980 the attractions of the European pop scene drew him to London, where he joined the jazz fusion band Cayenne and Latin funksters Gonzalez (world tour) and, by 1982, he was touring the world with pop megastars Boney M. In 1984, he was one of the earliest members of the London School of Samba, the first samba school to be set up in the UK. Since then, Pla has been a resident in the UK. Artists that he has played and toured with include Joe Strummer (ex-Clash) with whom he featured in the French film I Hired a Contract Killer, Caribbean Soca artist Arrow (US tour), Spanish pop band Radio Futura, Japanese duo The Frank Chickens, and rock heavyweights Motörhead (with whom he featured in the film Eat the Rich). In 1987, he toured Japan and the far east with Slim Gaillard, and performed in North Africa with Cuban pianist Alfredo Rodriguez. He has also recorded for Kate Bush and M People. In 1992, he toured Europe and America with Virgin Records-signed Sonny Southton. In summer 1993, he toured Europe with Blue Note Records-signed rap act US 3, Fania Allstars' vocalist Adalberto Santiago and Azuquita. In 1998, he toured Europe with Sidestepper and the Newyorican Poets, and in November 1999, toured China with Trevor Watts’ Moire Music. In September/ October 2000, Pla toured Canada, USA and Latin America with Watts.  In 2009, Pla played with the Ronnie Scott Allstars Orchestra conducted by Peter Long with special guest the American trumpeter John Faddis. In 2010, Pla guested with Jazz At The Lincoln Centre Orchestra led by Wynton Marsalis at The Barbican Centre in London. Pla is also a regular member of Gillespiana, an all-star big band featuring British session musicians. In 2011, Pla  performed at the Southbank's Vintage Festival (R.F.H.) where he performed in the orchestra conducted by Sid Gauld backing acts including Adam Ant, Sandie Shaw and The Christians.

In 1991, the band released a track on The Freedom From Debt CD (WDM Records). In 1993, they received a bursary from the Arts Council of Great Britain to tour the UK and, in Autumn 1993, they toured the far east. In 1995, recorded a follow up CD for Tumi Records and a further release in 1997. In 1996, the band participated in the Salsa Legends Tour, featuring, among others, Azuquita on vocals as a special guest, plus Alfredo Rodriguez on piano. Justo Almario on tenor saxophone, and also Steve Turre on trombone.  Other Latin musicians that the Latin Ensemble have accompanied in the UK and Europe include Cheo Feliciano, Marvin Santiago, Tito Allen, Pedro Arroyo and Tito Gomez.

Recent years
Recent major live highlights for Roberto Pla and the Latin Ensemble have been Brecon Jazz Festival(2007), Expo Festival Lisbon,  The Edinburgh Fringe Festival (2009),  Canada Square Festival (Canary Wharf, Docklands. (2009), Under the Stars Festival (2010),  Jazz at The Boisdale (Canary Wharf), Ronnie Scotts Club (Dec. 2011). In April  2012 the band celebrated their 25th anniversary with a concert  at the Assembly Hall in Islington and won their first LUKAS award for 'Lifetime Achievement and contribution to the Latino Community in the UK'. In June 2013, Pla and his Latin Ensemble headlined the 'Glasto Latino Stage' at Glastonbury Festival and subsequently won their second LUKAS for 'Concert of the year' in spring 2014. In August 2017, Pla performed at  the Royal Albert Hall as a special guest on "BBC Prom 57: Swing No End" led by Claire Teal and conducted by Guy Barker.

Bands
Pla was a founder member of the UK's first Salsa band Valdez. He was also the Co-founder of UK salsa band Sonido De Londres who recorded two albums. In 1986, PLa founded his own 12 piece all-star band: the Roberto Pla Latin Ensemble who since have made numerous European Festival and TV appearances .

References

Further reading

People from Barranquilla
1947 births
Living people
Musicians from London
Timbaleros
Colombian percussionists
Salsa percussionists
The Latino Rockabilly War members


title: Milly Johnson

text:
Milly Johnson is a British author of romantic fiction. She has written 20 best-selling novels with over three million sales worldwide, one book of poetry, and 5 novellas. She was nominated for the Melissa Nathan award for Romantic comedy in 2012, winner of the RoNA Award for Comedy Romance in 2014 and 2016 and Winner of Channel 4's Come Dine With Me – Barnsley edition. She was honoured with the Romantic Novelist Association's Outstanding Achievement Award in 2020. She is also an after-dinner speaker, poet, professional joke writer, short-story writer and newspaper columnist.

Biography
Born in Barnsley on 23 February 1964.

She was an avid reader and writer of stories from a very young age and was strongly influenced by the works of Enid Blyton, the Brontë sisters, Jane Austen, Catherine Cookson, Stan Barstow and Barry Hines, who also gave Johnson a great love of birds and she regularly flies birds of prey at the Falconry Centre in Thirsk. She was educated at Agnes Road Primary School, Longcar Junior School and Hall Balk School for Girls. At university she studied drama and teacher training at St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter.

She lived in Haworth, West Yorkshire for many years where she became a friend of Stan Barstow, who also lived there. She had a series of administrative jobs whilst writing jokes and poems for the greetings card market to supplement her income and became a ghostwriter on Purple Ronnie in its earliest days. Later, she was to become one of the country's leading professional copywriters for the greetings card market.

She had her first child in 1998, being pregnant at the same time as two of her best friends. When she sent off to an agent the idea for a book about three Yorkshire women who fall pregnant at the same time, based on her own experience of joining "the club" of women experienced with having babies, and the experiences derived from her parentcraft classes, she secured her first two-book deal with Simon and Schuster in 2004 when she was forty.

Books

Her first novel was The Yorkshire Pudding Club in 2007, and her first hardback release was The Perfectly Imperfect Woman in 2018.

Johnson also released four shorter novellas exclusive to ebook: The Wedding Dress, a collection of short stories related to weddings (2012) and Here Come the Boys (2014) inspired by Johnson and her family missing a cruise ship two years previously. Ladies Who Launch was written in 2015 as both a sequel to Here Come The Boys and an introduction to Afternoon Tea at the Sunflower Cafe. She released the 16,000 short story ebook The Barn on Half Moon Hill in May 2016 to raise funds for the Care for Claire fund to raise money for Claire Throssell, whose children were killed in a murder/suicide by their father. In 2019, she released a book of poetry A Cat-Shaped Space, the profits of which are all donated to Yorkshire Cat Rescue. In 2020 she also wrote a novella 'The Little Dreams of Lara Cliffe' for the resurrected 'Quick Reads' project to encourage adult reading.

Awards and honours

Johnson's books are published all over the world, in print, ebook, large print and audio form.
2014 – Romantic Novelists’ Comedy Award for It's Raining Men.
2015 – Yorkshire Society Award for Arts and Culture.
2015 – nominated for the Romantic Novelists' Comedy Award for Teashop on the Corner.
2016 – Romantic Novelists' Comedy Award for Afternoon Tea at the Sunflower Cafe.
2017 – nominated for the Romantic Novelists' Contemporary Award for Queen of Wishful Thinking.
2018 —  Vice President of the Yorkshire Society.
2020 — RNA Outstanding Achievement Award
2021 – The Golsboro Books Award for Romantic Contemporary Fiction for My One True North.

List of books
The Yorkshire Pudding Club (2007)
The Birds and the Bees (2008)
A Spring Affair (2009)
A Summer Fling (2010)
Here Come The Girls (2011)
An Autumn Crush (2011)
White Wedding (2012)
A Winter Flame (2012)
It's Raining Men (2013)
The Teashop on the Corner (2014)
Afternoon Tea at the Sunflower Cafe (2015)
Sunshine over Wildflower Cottage (2016)
Queen of Wishful Thinking (2017)
The Perfectly Imperfect Woman (2018)
The Mother of All Christmases (2018)
The Magnificent Mrs Mayhew (2019)
A Cat-Shaped Space (2019) (a book of poetry)
The Little Dreams of Lara Cliffe (2020)
My One True North (2020)
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Every Day (2020)
The Woman in the Middle (2021)
Together, Again (2023)

Ebook exclusives
The Wedding Dress (2012)
The Four Seasons Collection – a compilation of the Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter books (2013)
Here Come The Boys (2014)
Ladies Who Launch (2015)
The Barn on Half Moon Hill (2016)

References

External links and articles

The Milly Johnson Website
Milly Johnson’s Blog
"A Passion for Men in Tights" – Yorkshire Post
"Driven to Success by Workplace Bullying" – Sunday Post

1964 births
Living people
British romantic fiction writers
Alumni of the University of Exeter


title: Algerians in France

text:
Algerians in France are people of Algerian descent or nationality living in France. People of Algerian origin account for a large sector of the total population in France. Some immigrated during colonial rule in Algeria starting in the 1920s, and large numbers chose to emigrate to France from the 1960s onwards due to political turmoil in Algeria.

Demographics
The 2011 Census recorded 465,849 Algerian-born people.

Migration
The migration of Algerians to France happened in multiple waves: from 1913–1921, from 1922–1939, and from 1940–1954. During the years of 1947–1953, specifically, France saw a large influx of Maghrebi immigrants. Legal Algerian immigrants numbered 740,000 between these years

In the 1950s, the French government began encouraging Algerian migration, as a result of pressure from businesses. This pressure was partly caused by the lack of workers in post-WWII France (Germain 23). In December 1958, they instituted the Social Action Fund, which supported African immigrants by allocating 500 million Francs towards Maghrebi immigrant shelters and housing. However, the situation these immigrants in were still unpleasant as a result of their employers, who took them as indentured servants. Thus, they were paid low wages and given little government aid compared to other workers. Ultimately, many of them were deported back to Africa. However, by the late 1950s, France's intake of Algerian migrants began to outnumber those being deported, resulting in a sharp uptick in the French Algerian population.

In the 1960s, Algerians continued to attempt to immigrate to France. Many of these people obtained three month work visas, reflecting their intent to work in France for a short time period before returning home. However, the French government viewed this is as a hostile move, assuming that these immigrants intended to stay in the country permanently. Thus, the government continued to regularly deport Algerians. They were required to have a French address to remain in the country, which most Algerian immigrants did have. However, officials simply didn't believe the authenticity of their identification and paperwork; thus, in the 1960s, the French government deported 5–8% of African immigrants. By 1968, there were 40,000 Africans in France.

Causes of migration
The migratory movement of Maghrebis into France is generally attributed to push factors. There was little opportunity to move freely throughout society in Algeria, so many were motivated to migrate to France for a better life. The presence of a post-colonial economic opportunity gap when Algeria was freed after the Algerian War also contributed to the increase of Algerian immigrants. Additionally, some Maghrebis migrated to France because they would have more political freedom to protest French suppression in Algeria than they would in their home country.

History

Role of Algerians in WWII
From 1943–1945, approximately 200,000 Maghrebis enlisted into France's armed forces. Additionally, an additional ≈100,000 Maghrebis participated in the war effort through working in wartime industries.

Post WWII
While Maghrebis played a significant role in France's war effort, their contribution was ignored after the war. Rather, the French government continued their oppression in Algeria, angering North Africans in France and causing the rise of African rights groups. African rights groups include the Algerian Populist Party and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties.

Racism
In the 1950s, the French government used racism as a tool to delegitimize the efforts of African Nationalist groups. The government used tensions between different groups to depict Algerian immigrants as barbaric in propaganda campaigns. This was massively effective, negatively affecting public opinion on African immigrants. The 1953 survey by the National Institute of Demographic Studies showed that North Africans and Germans were ranked last in sympathy levels for immigrants. This impact is exemplified by a piece published by the L'Aurore, a French periodical, in which it was written:

"In Paris, North Africans are specialists and record makers in the nocturnal attack. The Arab is, quite precisely, the thief who waits on the corner of the road for the late passerby, whom he clubs for the sake of a watch…"

–          L'Aurore, 1954

In the 1960s, this sort of racial propaganda continued with the help of public health institutes. They targeted Algerian immigrants along with other African immigrants from Mauritius, Mali and other countries.  A study, published in 1963, entitled "Black workers in the Parisian region" (Les travailleurs noirs dans la region parisienne), outlined reasons for why, for public health reasons, African immigrants were not beneficial for France:

"They are accustomed to wearing practically nothing in Africa where the temperature ranges from 90 to 100 degrees, and when they arrive in Paris, especially during the cold winter, they are highly prone to catching disease like tuberculosis".

This report also cited Africans' perceived diets as reason to reject them as workers. These public health officials were under the impression that Africans ate only simple foods such as rice and beans, and therefore, could not survive the heavy workload required of them in France. In reality, Africans ate a variety of healthy food and balanced meals. This report further argued that these food deficiencies meant Africans were ridden with disease. Thus, African immigrants in France were required to carry around passbooks with detailed medical information, and were often randomly stopped and checked by French officials.

This type of racial bias showed a resurgence in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the French political party, the National Front. Jean-Marie Le Pen, the leader of the National Front, led with the slogan "Two million immigrants, two million unemployed". Le Pen is also quoted as saying "Yes, I believe in racial inequality… they do not all have the same capacity to evolve". During this time, books with black children featured on the covers were banned. As the 1990s progressed, the National Front's influence grew. The group took political control of the French city of Toulon, and promised to deny housing to African immigrants living in the city.

Ethnic groups

Arabs

Arabs form the majority of Algerians living in France.

Berbers

The Berbers in France form a significant portion of the Algerian community in the country. Berbers in France are mostly Muslims with a Christian minority estimated numbers between 40,000-60,000.

Jews

Following Algerian independence in 1962, most of Algeria's Jews, having been granted French citizenship in 1870, left with the pied-noirs. The vast majority moved to France, and the rest moved to Israel. Today, most Jews in France are of Maghrebi origin.

Turks

There are several thousand Algerian Turks living in France, having emigrated or descended from parents who came to the country from Algeria rather than Turkey. Some Algerians with Turkish origins have contributed to the arts, sports and politics in France. For example, Nafissa Sid-Cara, who was the first female minister to serve in the French Fifth Republic as well as the first ever Muslim woman to serve as a minister in a French government, was born into a family of Turkish origin which had been established in Algeria; her brother Chérif Sid Cara was also a notable politician and doctor. Other notable French politicians of Algerian-Turkish origin include Mourad Kaouah who served as the deputy of Algiers from 1958 to 1962. Notable writers include Moroccan-born Leïla Chellabi whose father was an Algerian Turk who obtained French citizenship; Mustapha Haciane was born in Algeria into a Turkish family and currently resides in Paris; and Leïla Sebbar is paternally of Turkish origin through her grandmother. There are also several notable sportsman of Algerian-Turkish origin, including the former pole vaulter and Olympian Patrick Abada as well as footballers Benjamin Stambouli and Mustapha Stambouli. Numerous sources claim that the actress Isabelle Adjani is paternally of Algerian-Turkish origin.

Notable people

See also

 Algeria–France relations

References


title: Mac Marcoux

text:
Macmilton "Mac" Marcoux (born 20 June 1997) is a Canadian Paralympic alpine skier who won three titles at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup at the age of 15. With guide Robin Femy, he won three medals in alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Paralympics, including gold in the men's visually impaired giant slalom. He also has numerous awards including being inducted into the Sault Ste. Marie Walk of Fame. He has an older brother and a younger sister. He also enjoys riding BMX and mountain bikes.

Personal life
Mac Marcoux was born on 20 June 1997 in Haviland Bay, Ontario. He resides there with his parents and two siblings, an older brother and a younger sister. He started skiing at the age of four. He also rode BMX bikes and raced go-karts. In 2006, he started losing his sight due to Stargardt disease, a degenerative condition, and became legally blind in 2007. He said: "We've always been a racing family from the beginning. It's how I've grown up. Going fast was just a part of it. The faster you go the more fun it is".

After Marcoux had lost his vision, his brother Billy Joe (B.J.) Marcoux decided to put his college education on hold in order to assist him with skiing. Alpine Canada introduced them to a new kind of skiing called Para-Alpine. They were inspired by the McKeever brothers to do visually impaired para-alpine. Other than the Paralympics, his brother B.J. has been his sighted guide using radio communication ever since then; something they had never used before.

Para-Alpine career
Marcoux is classified as a B3 (visually impaired) athlete. At the age of 15, he competed at the 2013 IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup in Mount Hutt, New Zealand, with B.J. as his guide, winning three medals. Later that year he won a silver medal in the giant slalom at the 2013 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships in La Molina, Spain, and became the national Slalom and giant slalom champion at Sun Peaks, British Columbia.

2014 Winter Paralympics

The following year he competed in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi as the youngest member of the Canadian Paralympic Team at the age of 16. With Robin Femy as his guide. He won bronze in both the Downhill and the Super-G, as well as a gold in the giant slalom by over two seconds. "It is the best moment of my life", he said after winning gold. "I can't even explain how amazing this is."

Mac and his brother B.J. were inducted into the Sault Ste. Marie Walk of Fame on 19 September 2014.

Post-Sochi
At the 2017 World Championships he won gold in the downhill, giant slalom, slalom, and super-G. He also won silver in the super combined.

Other interests

He raced BMX bikes and go-karts with his brother B.J. before he was blind. After he lost his sight, he fished and also rode mountain bikes at Whistler with a guide using the same kind of radio communication system.

Awards
Marcoux and his brother BJ was presented the H.P. Broughton Trophy and was named into the Sault Ste. Marie Walk of Fame. In October 2014, the brothers were also inducted into the Sault Ste. Marie Sports Hall of Fame by mayor Debbie Amaroso.

See also
Canada at the 2014 Winter Paralympics

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Alpine skiers at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic alpine skiers for Canada
Paralympic bronze medalists for Canada
Paralympic silver medalists for Canada
Paralympic gold medalists for Canada
Canadian male alpine skiers
Paralympic medalists in alpine skiing


title: The Invasion of Compulsory Sex Morality

text:
The Invasion of Compulsory Sex Morality (original German title Der Einbruch der Sexualmoral) is a book written by Austrian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich and published in 1931. The book details Reich's theories of the causes of sexual neuroses, and attempts to explain them in historical, as opposed to Marxist or Freudian terms.

The first two editions (1931 & 1934) were in German - the third edition (1951) was the first to be translated into and published in English, and had a different foreword. In the prefaces to the three editions, Reich discusses not only the book itself, but also events (such as the rise of Nazism) current at the time of publication.

Reich drew heavily on the work of Malinowski, especially his The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (1929).

In 2015 the book remains in print and is in the collections of hundreds of libraries around the world.

References

External links
Book excerpt:

Non-fiction books about sexuality
Works by Wilhelm Reich


title: Saloca

text:
Saloca is a genus of sheet weavers that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1926.

Species
 it contains six species, found in Europe, Russia, Nepal, Turkey, and Eastern Europe:
Saloca diceros (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) (type) – Europe
Saloca elevata Wunderlich, 2011 – Turkey
Saloca gorapaniensis Wunderlich, 1983 – Nepal
Saloca khumbuensis Wunderlich, 1983 – Nepal
Saloca kulczynskii Miller & Kratochvíl, 1939 – Central, Eastern Europe
Saloca ryvkini Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia

See also
 List of Linyphiidae species (Q–Z)

References

Araneomorphae genera
Linyphiidae
Spiders of Asia


title: 2014 Club Atlético Boca Juniors season

text:
The 2014 Club Atlético Boca Juniors season was the 85th consecutive Primera División season played by the senior squad. That Boca Juniors took part in Argentine Primera División, Copa Argentina and Copa Sudamericana.

Season overview

June
6 June:  Boca announced that Jonathan Calleri signs for Boca from All Boys for $300.0000.
19 June:  Lucas Viatri signs for Shanghai Greenland from Boca for €2.200.000.
20 June:  Boca announced that Emanuel Trípodi renewed a one-year loan.
24 June:  Juan Sánchez Miño signs for Torino from Boca for €3.200.000.

July
1 July:  Lisandro Magallán, Guillermo Burdisso, Sebastián Palacios and Sergio Araujo returned from  Rosario Central, Galatasaray, Unión and Tigre after a loan spell.

 Diego Perotti and Claudio Riaño expired their loans and signed with Genoa and Independiente respectively.

2 July:  César Meli signs for Boca from Colón on a 6-month loan, with an option to make the move permanent for $500.0000.

 Alan Aguirre and Sebastián Vidal signed for Douglas Haig and Temperley, on a 6-month and 18-month loan respectively.

3 July:  Gonzalo Castellani signs for Boca from Godoy Cruz for $1.600.000.

 Alan Pérez signed for Deportes Magallanes on a one-year loan.

4 July:  Guillermo Fernández and Franco Fragapane signed for Atlético de Rafaela and Elche Ilicitano on an 18-month and one-year loan respectively.
8 July:  Cristian Pavón signs for Boca from Talleres (C) for $1.600.000 and signs a one-year loan for Colón.
10 July:  Federico Carrizo signs for Boca from Rosario Central for $2.700.000.
16 July: Boca played the first friendly match against Boca Unidos, the match ended in a 2-0 defeat for the team of Carlos Bianchi.
17 July:  Juan Roman Riquelme signs for Argentinos Juniors from Boca after expiring the contract on 30 June.

  David Achucarro and Orlando Gaona Lugo signed for Olimpo on an 18-month loan .

19 July:  Sergio Araujo signs for Las Palmas on a one-year loan.
20 July: Boca played the second friendly match against Nacional in Montevideo. The match ended 0–1 with the only goal coming from Jonathan Calleri in the 92nd minute that gave Boca the "Atilio Garcia Cup".
22 July:  Andrés Chávez signs for Boca from Banfield for $2.500.000.
24 July:  Diego Rivero signs for Argentinos Juniors from Boca after expiring the contract on 30 June.
26 July:  Sebastián Palacios signs for Arsenal on a 6-month loan.

Boca played against Huracán on the Round of 32 of 2013–14 Copa Argentina and it was defeated 0-2. Emanuel Insúa was injured in the first half.

28 July: The new uniforms were presented.
30 July:  José Pedro Fuenzalida signs for Boca from Colo-Colo for $400.000.

Due to the death of Julio Humberto Grondona the Round 1 of Torneo Transición was postponed 1 week.

31 July:  Mauro Dalla Costa signs for San Martín (SJ) on a 6-month loan.

August
7 August:  Mariano Echeverria signs for Boca from Arsenal on a one-year loan.
8 August:  Alex Jara signs for Boca and signs a one-year loan for Sportivo Italiano.
10 August: On the Round 1 of Torneo Transición Boca started the tournament with a defeat against Newell's Old Boys. The only goal was scored by Mauricio Tévez.
15 August: Guillermo Burdisso suffered the rupturing of the meniscus. Burdisso would be out for several weeks.
18 August: On the Round 2 of Torneo Transición Boca defeated Belgrano, Emanuel Gigliotti scored the goal in the last seconds of the game with a great assist of Federico Carrizo. Fernando Gago was injured in the first half and was replaced by Gonzalo Castellani.
19 August: Fernando Gago and Juan Manuel Martínez suffered the distension of a muscle. They are not going to play against Atletico de Rafaela.
22 August: Another injured; Juan Forlín suffered the strain of the left Biceps femoris muscle. He also will not play against Atletico de Rafaela.
24 August: On the Round 3 of Torneo Transición Boca suffered another defeat in La Bombonera, against Atletico de Rafaela, who had never won in the stadium of Boca. The result was 0-3, and a great concern for Carlos Bianchi.
27 August: On the Round 4 of Torneo Transición, Boca worsened their crisis; it was defeated 3-1 by Estudiantes (LP), showing a very poor level.
27 August:  Due to poor results, Carlos Bianchi was sacked after a year and a half in the club, in this time, he earned 26 wins, 22 ties and 26 defeats.
27 August:  Rodolfo Arruabarrena was announced as the new manager.
31 August: On the Round 5 of Torneo Transición, after two consecutive defeats, Boca returned to the victory; defeated Vélez Sarsfield 3-1 on the first match of the new manager Rodolfo Arruabarrena.

September
4 September: On the first leg of the second stage of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca played against Rosario Central, Boca was winning 1-0 but in the last seconds, Central was able to score and the match finished 1-1. Boca continued showing a great improvement.
5 September: Pablo Ledesma entered in the last minutes of the match against Rosario Central, but was injured, he suffered a luxation in his shoulder, he will be out 2 months.
7 September: On the Round 6 of Torneo Transición, Boca played with Olimpo in the stadium Roberto Carminatti, Olimpo played with 10 players almost the entire match, after searching the 1-0, Emanuel Gigliotti scored and Boca won their second straight game.
14 September: On the Round 7 of Torneo Transición, Boca played in La Bombonera against Racing. Jonathan Calleri scored the first goal but due to adverse weather conditions, it was rescheduled to September 25.
18 September: On the second leg of the second stage of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca got a 3-0 victory over Rosario Central with Andrés Chávez scoring twice and José Pedro Fuenzalida scoring the third goal. Boca showed a very good football, and advanced to the next stage.
21 September: On the Round 8 of Torneo Transición, Boca played vs Banfield. Again, Andrés Chávez scored the first goal, but in the last moments of the game, Banfield scored and the match finished 1-1. Daniel Díaz was replaced in the half-time with a sprained left knee, he will be injured one month and he could not play the Superclásico.
22 September: After the problem of Daniel Díaz, is added a ney injury: Juan Forlín, again suffered another strain, on the right Gastrocnemius muscle, he will also could not play the Superclásico.
25 September: On the Round 7 of Torneo Transición, in the rescheduled match from September 14, Boca had problems in defense and Racing won 2-1 with Gustavo Bou scoring twice.
28 September: On the Round 9 of Torneo Transición, Boca played vs Quilmes and won 1-0, the only goal was scored by Federico Carrizo. Thus, Boca arrives to the Superclásico with confidence.

October
5 October: On the Round 10 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against River Plate, the Superclásico, the most important match of Argentina. It was a 1-1 draw, with Lisandro Magallán scoring for Boca and Germán Pezzella scoring for River.
12 October: On the Round 11 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Rosario Central. It was a victory 2-1, despite not having a very good performance.
15 October: On the first leg of the Round of 16 of 2014 Copa Sudamericana Boca suffered against Deportivo Capiatá, a small team from Paraguay, it was 0-1.
19 October: On the Round 12 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Godoy Cruz. It was a victory 3-2, showing defensive mistakes, with Fernando Gago playing a great match.
23 October: On the second leg of the Round of 16 of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca won 1-0 in Luque against Deportivo Capiatá and forced the penalty shoot-out and won 4-3. Now Boca will play against another Paraguayan team: Cerro Porteño.
26 October: On the Round 13 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Defensa y Justicia. It was a victory 2-0 with Juan Manuel Martínez scoring the two goals. Lisandro Magallán was injured in his left knee.
27 October: Finally, Lisandro Magallán suffered the anterior cruciate ligament of his left knee, and he will be out of activity for six months.
30 October: On the first leg of the Quarterfinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca won 1-0 against Cerro Porteño in a tight match, with Emanuel Gigliotti scoring the only goal.

November
2 November: On the Round 14 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against San Lorenzo, again, under the rain, it was a 0-2 defeat. Boca couldn't play a good match.
6 November: On the second leg of the Quarterfinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca won 4-1 against Cerro Porteño in a Paraguay, it was the best match of the team since the arrive of Rodolfo Arruabarrena. Now in Semifinals, Boca will play against River Plate another edition of the Superclásico, the last one in continental tournaments was 10 years ago in the Semifinals of the 2004 Copa Libertadores, with Boca winning the playoff by penalty shoot-out.
9 November: On the Round 15 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Tigre, Boca playing with an alternative team won 2-0 with Emanuel Gigliotti scoring twice.
16 November: On the Round 16 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Arsenal, again, with an alternative team and the game ended 1-1.
20 November: On the first leg of the Semifinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca faced River Plate, it was 0-0 in a hard match and disputed match. River finished the game with 7 yellow cards. Juan Manuel Martínez played only 30 minutes because of a foul committed by Leonel Vangioni and it was replaced by José Pedro Fuenzalida.
21 November: Juan Manuel Martínez injury was confirmed: a sprain on his right ankle, He will not play in the rest of the season.
23 November: On the Round 17 of Torneo Transición, Boca played in La Bombonera against Independiente. It was a victory 3-1 with two goals of Jonathan Calleri and one of Emanuel Gigliotti. Federico Carrizo played a great match with two assists.
27 November: On the second leg of the Semifinals of 2014 Copa Sudamericana, Boca lost to River Plate 1-0 and was eliminated from the tournament.
30 November: On the Round 18 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Lanús. It was a 2-2 draw, Boca played with an alternative team.

December
8 December: On the Round 19 of Torneo Transición, Boca played against Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP), in the last match of the season, it was a 0-2 defeat.

Current squad

Last updated on 8 December 2014

Transfers

In:

Out:

Out on loan

Top scorers
Last updated on 8 December 2014.

Top assists
Last updated on 8 December 2014.

Penalties

Clean sheets
Last updated on 8 December 2014.

Disciplinary record
Last updated on 8 December 2014.

References

External links
 Club Atlético Boca Juniors official web site

Boc
Club Atlético Boca Juniors seasons


title: List of Daimler cars

text:
The following is a list of motor cars manufactured by the Daimler Company and its successors.

Veteran (prior to 1904)
All Veteran Daimlers had side valves and chain drive except the Critchley Light car, which had belt drive.

Edwardian (1905–1918)
During the Edwardian era, Daimler licensed and developed the Knight sleeve-valve system. Also during this era, Daimler switched from chain to shaft drive, first using conventional bevel gears, and then, from 1909, using worm gears.

Vintage (1919–1930)
All Vintage Daimlers had sleeve valves and worm final drive.

1930s
Daimler had introduced their patented Daimler Fluid Flywheel matched with Wilson preselector gearboxes across the range by the beginning of this decade. New engines returned to poppet valves, worm final drive continued throughout the decade into the 1950s.

Military vehicles

Post-WWII BSA (1945–1960)
Daimler returned to bevel gear final drive with the big cars of 1946 and later replaced their fluid flywheel and epicyclic gearbox with Borg-Warner automatic transmissions.

Owned by Jaguar (1960–1966)
BSA sold Daimler to Jaguar in 1960. Development of Daimler cars continued, but some "Daimler-ised" Jaguars were introduced as well.

Owned by BMC/BMH/British Leyland/Austin Rover (1966–1984)

Owned by Jaguar (1984–1989)

1986–1992 Daimler XJ40 new car and new engine as prescribed by British Leyland, the 1986 XJ40 Jaguar body could not accept Jaguar's V12 engine
1992–1994 Daimler Majestic XJ340 wheelbase extended ; 3.2- and 4-litre engines
1992–1994 Daimler Majestic Double-Six XJ381 6-litre engine. Intended to take 75% of group V12 sales

Owned by Ford (1989–2007)

1994–2002 Daimler X300 and X330 body returns to a more recognisable shape. V8 from 1997
1996 Daimler Century limited edition: 50 V12, 50 straight 6; marking 100 years of Daimler Coventry
2002–2005 Daimler Super V8 X350 V8 engine, alloy structure
2005 Daimler Super Eight

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

Daimler Company
British Leyland
Jaguar Cars
Jaguar Land Rover
Daimler automobiles, List of


title: Filip Pjević

text:
Filip Pjević (; born 29 May 1991) is a Serbian football defender.

References

External links

 Filip Pjević stats at utakmica.rs

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Men's association football defenders
Serbian men's footballers
OFK Beograd players
FK Mladost Apatin players
OFK Mladenovac players
FK Teleoptik players
FK Jedinstvo Užice players
Serbian SuperLiga players


title: 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 3

text:
The third competition weekend of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup will be held in Sportforum Hohenschönhausen in Berlin, Germany, from Friday, 5 December, until Sunday, 7 December 2014.

Artur Waś of Poland both men's 500 m races. In the women's competitions, Ireen Wüst of the Netherlands won three gold medals; in the 1500 m and 3000 m races, as well as in the team pursuit. Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea won both 500 m races. Heather Richardson of the United States managed to take no less than four silver medals; in both 500 m races, as well as the 1000 m and 1500 m races.

No world records were set during the weekend, but Christian Oberbichler of Switzerland set a new national record on in the B division of the men's 500 m on Friday, and both Marina Zueva of Belarus and Saskia Alusalu of Estonia set new national records in the B division of the women's 3000 m, also on Friday.

Schedule
The detailed schedule of events:

All times are CET (UTC+1).

Medal summary

Men's events

 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race. The skater with most race points is the winner.

Women's events

 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race. The skater with most race points is the winner.

References

3
Isu World Cup, 2014-15, 3
Speed skating in Berlin
2014 in Berlin


Cal Poly Humboldt Natural History Museum is a natural history museum in Arcata, California in the United States.

History

Wells Fargo Bank donated the original location of the museum to Humboldt State University (HSU).

Around 2010, the university was unable to continue to fund the operations of the museum. The museum closed. Eventually, the Humboldt Science Mathematics Center/Redwood Science Project took over the management and the museum reopened. Jeffrey White became the executive director and Julie Van Sickle the Manager. Museum administrators sought grants and public support in order to sustain itself. In 2013, it was announced that the museum would move from its original location into the location where it is currently located. The new building was donated by Redwood Capital Bank. It is 2,700 square feet in size. The museum's former building is now a Redwood Capital Bank branch location.

Collections

The museum has over 2,000 natural history objects. Collections include Native American cultural objects. They have a large fossil collection, called the Maloney Fossil Collection, including sand dollars and Busycon contrarium from the Pliocene and a Chlamys from the Miocene.

Exhibitions

Students from CPH assist in the design and curation of exhibitions at the museum. Many exhibits are interactive. Visitors can touch a meteorite, fossils, and dinosaur bone casts. Most of the exhibitions focus on the natural history of the region surrounding the museum.

References

Natural history museums in California
Arcata, California
Natural history of Humboldt County, California
Museums in Humboldt County, California
California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt
Paleontology in California
University museums in California


title: 1995–96 Grimsby Town F.C. season

text:
During the 1995–96 English football season, Grimsby Town F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.

Transfers

Transfers in

Loans in

Transfers out

Season summary
In the 1995–96 season, Grimsby had a disappointing campaign and Laws' initially successful managerial reign deteriorated after he clashed with Grimsby player Ivano Bonetti. Laws reportedly threw a plate of chicken wings at the Italian following a 3–2 defeat at Luton Town in February 1996 and caused the popular player to leave the club at the end of the season. Grimsby finished the season in 17th place and were in the battle to avoid relegation right up to the penultimate game of the season.

Final league table

Results
Grimsby Town's score comes first

Legend

Football League First Division

FA Cup

League Cup

Squad

References

Grimsby Town F.C. seasons
Grimsby Town


title: Ranveer Brar

text:
Ranveer Singh Brar (born 8 February 1978) is an Indian celebrity chef, Masterchef India judge, author, restaurateur and actor. He is well known as the host of popular Television food shows and as a judge in MasterChef India (Seasons four, six, seven and eight) , alongside fellow chefs Sanjeev Kapoor (Season 4), Vikas Khanna (all seasons),Vineet Bhatia (Season 6) , Garima Arora (Season 7) and Pooja Dhingra (Season 8)

He has set up restaurants in India and abroad and curated the menu of many more. He also has a YouTube channel with over 6 million subscribers.

Early life and education
Born in Lucknow, India, into Sikh family to Ishwar Singh and Surinder Kaur, Brar was inspired by the local Kebab vendors in Lucknow at a young age which led him to pursue his love for food. He did his schooling from HAL school Lucknow.

His passion to learn the art led him to volunteer as an apprentice to one of them, Munir Ustad.
Though his family initially resisted, they finally gave in, leading Brar to join Institute of Hotel Management, Lucknow, for a more formal initiation into the culinary world.

Career (restaurants and associations)
After completing his education at IHM, Brar began his career at the Taj Mahal Hotel. In 2001, at Fort Aguada Beach Resort in Goa, he opened "Morisco" a seafood restaurant, "il Camino" an Italian restaurant and "Fishtail" a small open air barbeque eatery. Back in Delhi in 2003, he was part of the newly opened Radisson Blu Hotel, Noida. He also became the youngest executive chef of his time in the country at the age of 25.

He then left for Boston, Massachusetts, where he opened "Banq", a fine Franco-Asian restaurant. Banq won numerous awards including the Best New Restaurant in the World by the magazine "Wallpaper". The restaurant is now permanently closed.

Following this, he was appointed Corporate Chef for the One World Hospitality Group, one of the oldest restaurant groups in Boston. Back in India, he joined Novotel, Juhu Beach, Mumbai, as the Senior Executive Chef.

Brar designed a menu for the MTV India chain of restaurants, launched by Viacom 18 consumer products wing. FLYP @ MTV, the first restaurant opened in Delhi in mid-December 2015, with the next launch in Chandigarh, and the third instalment in Mumbai fall of 2017.

He created and launched an 'artisan' line of meal kits in association with Haute Chef in December 2015.

He also launched a premium  patisserie called English Vinglish in Mumbai in spring 2016 featuring fusion Indian desserts, breads and bakes.

He opened an all-vegetarian fine-dining restaurant in Mumbai in Dec 2016 called TAG Gourmart Kitchen by Ranveer Brar, as well as the restaurant Mayura (now closed) in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada in 2017.

Brar was responsible for the F&B conceptualization for the restaurants at the heritage property Alila at Bishangarh by Alila Hotels and Resorts

He was brought on board Royal Caribbean International for curating gourmet Indian food on two of their cruise liners on their Singapore sailings. He also associated with Thomas Cook India for curating the menu for niche Indian travelers traveling abroad.

Brar toured different cities in India alongside Mercedes-Benz India via the Ranveer Brar Culinary Academy, hosting cooking workshops and demos pan India, as part of the former's Luxe Drive Live campaign.

In September 2023, Ranveer opened an Indian restaurant in Dubai Festival City Mall named Kashkan. The restaurant offers a pan-Indian menu that spans the length and breadth of the country, from Kashmir to Kanyakumari.

Television and digital shows
Zee Khana Khazana / Living Foodz / Zee Zest

He has hosted various cookery shows on Zee Zest (formerly known as Zee Khana Khazana Channel and Living Foodz):
Breakfast Xpress & Snack Attack
 The Great Indian Rasoi Seasons 1 & 2
Home
Health Bhi Taste Bhi
Ranveer's Cafe
Food Tripping along with Chef Gautam Mehrishi.
Global Menu
Northern Flavours - Meethi Masti
 Station Master's Tiffin - In October 2018, he hosted a unique travel and food show based on Indian Railways for Living Foodz
 Himalayas the Offbeat Adventure - In 2019, he hosted this landmark travel show covering lesser known places, tribes and cuisines across the Himalayas

Thank God Its Fryday - Zoom (Indian TV channel)

Brar has hosted Seasons 1, 2 and 3 of Thank God Its Fryday in association with Philips India on Zoom (TV channel), where he visited iconic eateries across India and recreated his own versions of their famous dishes in the Philips Airfryer

Masterchef India

Season 7 of the show (2023) saw the return of Chef Brar as a judge along with Chef Vikas Khanna and first time judge, Chef Garima Arora.
Chef Brar debuted as a judge in Season 4 (2014) MasterChef India along with chefs Sanjeev Kapoor and Vikas Khanna and appeared again in Season 6 (2020)  with chefs Vineet Bhatia and Vikas Khanna

Sony BBC Earth

In the summer of 2018, he curated and presented Secrets Behind Food for Sony BBC Earth comprising three shows: Supermarket Secrets, Food Factory Supersized and Food Detectives.

Raja Rasoi Aur Andaaz Anokha - Epic TV

Hosted 2 seasons of a back to roots and explorative food show for Epic TV titled Raja Rasoi Aur Andaaz Anokha which saw him recreating food history and traditional recipes from across Indian regions set in an idyllic bungalow complete with traditional cooking implements

Colors TV

Featured as a Judge in a cooking based reality show on Colors TV (Viacom 18) called Rasoi ki Jung Mummyon ke Sung in November 2017.

Ranveer On The Road - Digital Series

Launched a new mini-video series on Twitter titled Ranveer On The Road, in July 2016, covering his culinary sojourn through Australia, Seychelles, Turkey and Thailand.

Maa ki Baat - Digital Series

Hosted a successful digital series on his social media channels titled Maa ki Baat
He also has over 4.1 million subscribers on his personal YouTube Channel.

Home Made Love - Digital Series, TLC

The success of Maa ki Baat led to a similar televised series for TLC (TV network) India YouTube channel, presenting festival special recipes from homemakers across different cuisines.

You Got Chef'd - Digital Series, Gobble

Chef Brar has co-hosted Seasons 2 & 3 of You Got Chef'd by Gobble in association with Dewar's along with John Dewar's sons India brand ambassador Greg Benson. The show brings together celebs from the digital & reel world in a fun format, wherein they are challenged by Brar and Greg to complete 'tasks' to earn points and get Chefd

Modern Love Mumbai, Amazon Prime Video
Ranveer Brar co-starred alongside Pratik Gandhi in one of the 6 stories, directed by Hansal Mehta. The episode centers around a gay couple finding their footing in a society that is not so welcoming of their relationship

Dum Laga ke India, Disney+ Hotstar
Ranveer Brar hosted a show around famous Biryani spots in major Indian cities along with representative celebrities from those cities.

Thums Up Toofani Hunt, Disney+ Hotstar
Chef Brar co-hosted a travel based food hunt show shot across different Indian cities, the show was streamed on OTT channel Disney+ Hotstar

Star vs Food Survival Season 2, Discovery
Chef Brar embarks on a new journey for survival with famous Movie personalities in a quest to rough it out with food. The Show premieres on Discovery and Discovery+ on 9th Oct 2023

Books
Launched his first book titled "Come Into My Kitchen" in summer 2016, an auto biography covering his journey from the streets of Lucknow, through Boston to Mumbai and his culinary adventures and memories in route.

This was followed by a second book titled A Traditional Twist in association with Bertolli India, showcasing a myriad of recipes, both Indian and Global

Mobile app

He launched his own mobile app at the beginning of 2019, in collaboration with Hungama Digital Media which is a repository of all his recipes, presented in text and visual formats.

Awards, associations and recognition
Brar is an Honorary member at the James Beard Foundation and recognised by the same for his culinary contribution.

He has received recognition for his contribution to various cuisines by several institutions such as AIWF, AICA, as also the Mayor of Boston. In addition he has also represented India at the WPF.

He has handled banquets at the Rashtrapati Bhawan and at the Prime Minister's residence, plus cooked for several Hollywood and Bollywood celebrities, both in the US and India.

Ranveer Brar has been associated with several brands in the capacity of culinary consultant and brand ambassador. Brands he has been associated with are - Mercedes-Benz India (past), Bertolli Olive oil (past), SunGold Kiwifruit in India marketed by Zespri International (past), Gadre Marine Export Pvt Ltd (past), Philips India Kitchen Appliances (current), Parag Milk Foods (current), Victorinox (Current), among others.

Ranveer Brar was awarded 'Indian of the Year' for Chef and TV Host of the year 2017.

He also received LFEGA ‘Food Entertainer of the Year’ for 2018.
In 2021, Brar was awarded for Outstanding Contribution to the Food and Beverage Industry 2021 by Food Connoisseurs India Convention

References

External links

 Harper Collins Chef profile

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Lucknow
Chefs of Indian cuisine
Indian television presenters
Indian television chefs
Indian food writers


title: Media in Anchorage, Alaska

text:
Anchorage is a major center of media in Alaska. The following is a list of media outlets based in the city.

Print

Newspapers
The Anchorage Daily News is the city's primary newspaper, published daily. Other papers published in the city include:
Alaska Journal of Commerce, business, weekly
Anchorage Press, alternative newspaper, weekly
Bristol Bay Times, Southwest Alaska news, weekly
Dutch Harbor Fisherman, Aleutian and Pribilof Islands news, weekly
The Northern Light, University of Alaska Anchorage student newspaper, weekly

Radio
The following is a list of radio stations licensed to and/or broadcasting from Anchorage.

AM

FM

Television
The Anchorage television market includes Anchorage, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, and Kenai Peninsula Borough. In its Fall 2013 ranking of television markets by population, Arbitron ranked the Anchorage market 146th in the United States.

The following is a list of television stations that broadcast from and/or are licensed to Anchorage.

References

Anchorage
 Anchorage


title: 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4

text:
The fourth competition weekend of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was held in the Thialf arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands, from Friday, 12 December, until Sunday, 14 December 2014.

Pavel Kulizhnikov of Russia continued his brilliant form from the start of the season by winning three gold medals in the men's competitions; both 500 m races, and the 1000 m race.

In the women's competitions, Heather Richardson and Brittany Bowe made it a "triple double" for the United States by taking gold and silver in three races, the second 500 m, the 1000 m, and the 1500 m.

In the men's 500 m on Friday, Christian Oberbichler of Austria improved his own national record, set only the previous weekend. In the 5000 m race on Saturday, Viktor Hald Torup of Denmark set a new national record, and Nils van der Poel of Sweden set a national junior record.

Schedule
The detailed schedule of events:

All times are CET (UTC+1).

Medal summary

Men's events

 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race. The skater with most race points is the winner.

Women's events

 In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race. The skater with most race points is the winner.

References

4
Isu World Cup, 2014-15, 4
ISU Speed Skating World Cup, 2014-15, World Cup 4


title: Austin Walsh (hurler)

text:
Austin Walsh (born 1977) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a midfielder for the Cork senior team.

Born in Kildorrery, County Cork, Walsh first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel during the 1998 championship. Walsh won one National Hurling League medal as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Walsh enjoyed a lengthy career with Kildorrery.

Honours

Team

Cork
National Hurling League (1): 1998 (sub)
All-Ireland Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 1997
Munster Intermediate Hurling Championship (2): 1997
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship (2): 1997, 1998
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (3): 1996 (sub), 1997, 1998
All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1995
Munster Minor Hurling Championship (2): 1994, 1995

References

1977 births
Living people
Kildorrery hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers


title: Herbert Brown (footballer)

text:
Herbert Archibald Brown (fl. 1928–1932) was an English footballer who made 139 appearances in the Football League playing for Darlington in the 1920s and 1930s. He also played non-league football for Shildon and Spennymoor United. Brown, a left back, partnered Hughie Dickson at full back in the later part of Dickson's career.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from County Durham
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Shildon A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Spennymoor United A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of death missing


title: John Pearson (politician)

text:
John Pearson (January 1802 – June 1875) was an American judge and politician from New York. Descended from an early American family, Pearson matriculated at the College of New Jersey and then practiced law in Ohio. In 1832, he attempted to settle in Chicago, Illinois, but decided to move his family south to Danville instead due to the Black Hawk War. In Danville, Pearson became a prominent attorney and was elected to the state circuit court. After moving to Joliet, Illinois, he served two terms in the Illinois Senate. Pearson established a successful shop in California during the Gold Rush, but was robbed. He returned to Danville and managed properties until his death.

Biography
John Pearson was born in Avon, New York in January 1802. He descended from Rev. Abraham Pierson, the elder, who came to the United States from England in 1639. Pearson attended College of New Jersey, then studied law under George Hosmer. In 1826, newly wed, he headed west to practice his profession. He practiced in Ravenna, Ohio, where his brother-in-law Henry Storrs previously located. Later, after visiting relatives in Detroit, Michigan, Pearson decided to head farther west to Chicago, Illinois.

Pearson arrived in Chicago in June 1832. Major Whistler, commander of Fort Dearborn, allowed the Pearsons to stay in the fort and became a family friend. As the family had arrived during the Black Hawk War, Pearson determined that Chicago was too unsafe for his family, so he moved them to Danville, Illinois. There, Pearson established a law office. In 1837, Pearson was commissioned to the seventh circuit court, where he served for three years. During this tenure, he moved the family north to Joliet, Illinois, which was part of his circuit. In 1840, Pearson was elected to the Illinois Senate as a Democrat, where he served two two-year terms.

Pearson moved to New York City in 1842, though he only stayed for four years before returning to Illinois. In 1849 he participated in the California Gold Rush, where he sold goods in Bidwell's Bar. After selling his store, he was robbed and his partners were killed. Bereft of possessions, he returned to Danville, where he spent the rest of his life managing his property holdings.

Pearson married Catherine Tiffany in 1826. Their son Gustavus C. became a wealthy industrialist in Danville. She died in 1841, and the next year he married Katherine Passage.  Pearson died in June 1875.

References

1802 births
1875 deaths
Democratic Party Illinois state senators
People from Danville, Illinois
People from Joliet, Illinois
People from Avon, New York
Princeton University alumni
19th-century American legislators


title: Aquí y Ahora (TV program)

text:
Aquí y Ahora (Here and Now) is a Spanish-language newsmagazine that is broadcast on the Univision television network in the United States on Sundays at 10:00 pm ET/ 9:00 CT.  The show was launched in 1998 and is presented by Ilia Calderón. Aquí y Ahora presents stories that document the Latino experience in the United States.  The program's memorable stories are compelling, surprising and revealing while providing context, perspective and balance.  A team of dedicated and experienced story tellers will take you places where news is breaking, and also bring human-interest dramas, mystery and in-depth investigations. In 2012, the show achieved national attention as it aired an investigation on the Fast and Furious scandal, for which it later received a Peabody Award.

Broadcast history
The show aired originally as a quarterly special edition and began weekly broadcasts on March 30, 2000, with Teresa Rodríguez, and María Elena Salinas and Jorge Ramos as co-anchors. It originally aired on Thursdays at 10:00 PM Eastern Time and Pacific Time/9:00 PM Central Time. In 2009 or 2010, the timeslot changed to Tuesdays at 10:00 PM Eastern and Pacific Time/9:00 PM Central Time. In 2012, Univision announced the show would air on Sundays at 7:00 PM Eastern and Pacific Time/6:00 PM Central Time.

Special editions

Rápido y Furioso: Armando al enemigo
In-depth investigation on failed Operation Fast and Furious that revealed how the guns that crossed the border as part of a government undercover operation, caused dozens of deaths in Mexico.

El Chapo Guzmán, el eterno fugitivo
Recounts the story of one of the world’s most wanted fugitives Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán at the juncture of his latest capture by the Mexican authorities in February 2014. The special set a record breaking weekly performance with over 1.6 million viewers.

Journalism awards
2005 GLAAD Award, Mejor Segmento Televisivo de Revista periodística en Español, Muxes
2007 NAHJ, National Association of Hispanic Journalists Award
2008 GLAAD Award, Mejor Segmento Televisivo de Revista periodística en Español, La historia de Angie Zapata
2013 Peabody Award, Operation fast and Furious (Univision Investiga)
2013 The Gracie Awards – Alliance for Women in Media, TV Outstanding Magazine, The Woman in the Mirror
2013 GLAAD Award, Mejor Segmento Televisivo de Revista periodística en Español, La vida en rosa
2014 GLAAD Award, Mejor Segmento Televisivo de Revista periodística en Español, Rompiendo Estereotipos
2015 GLAAD Award, Mejor Segmento Televisivo de Revista periodística en Español, En Cuerpo Ajeno
2014 Emmy Award Outstanding Coverage of a Breaking News Story in Spanish, La Masacre de Iguala
2014 Emmy Award Outstanding Investigative Journalism in Spanish, Los Nuevos Narcotesoros (Univision Investiga)
2015 Emmy Award Outstanding Investigative Journalism in Spanish, El Chapo: El Eterno Fugitivo
2017 Emmy Award Outstanding Coverage of a Breaking News Story in Spanish, La Recaptura de El Chapo
2018 Emmy Award Outstanding News Magazine in Spanish, En la boca del Lobo
2018 Emmy Award Outstanding Coverage of a Breaking News Story in Spanish, Terror en Las Vegas

References

External links
Aquí y Ahora official site

1990s American television news shows
2000s American television news shows
2010s American television news shows
1998 American television series debuts

Spanish-language television programming in the United States
Univision original programming
News & Documentary Emmy Award winning programs


title: Tunisians in France

text:
Tunisians in France are people of Tunisian descent living in France. People of Tunisian origin account for a large sector of the total population in France. Following France's colonial rule in Tunisia from 1881 to 1956, many Tunisians chose to immigrate to France from the 1960s to the present due to France's favorable economic conditions, while others sought to escape Tunisia's unfavorable living conditions. The early 1980s saw a boom of the Tunisian community in France because of adjustments (over 22,000 cases).

Demographics
The 2011 census recorded 150,109 Tunisian-born people.

Notable people

See also
 France–Tunisia relations
 Arabs in France
 Berbers in France

References


title: Iris warleyensis

text:
Iris warleyensis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long arching mid-green leaves, thin stem and spring flowers in shades of blue.

Description
Iris warleyensis is very similar in form to Iris orchioides and Iris bucharica, but differs in colour and has a white horn-like edge to the leaves.

It has a bulb with a brown papery skin and thick storage roots.

The leaves start as 1.5–3 cm wide at the base of the plant, and appear at the end of the flowering time. They are arching, scattered, lance-shaped, channeled, mid green in colour, with a white margin. They can also grow up to 20 cm long.

It grows to a height of between  tall.

In spring, April (in the US), it produces between 3 and 5 flowers.

The flowers come in shades of blue, ranging from deep violet, purplish-blue,  summer-evening blue, to pale lilac. They are  wide. Each fall has a darker blue apex and a yellow (or white) stain or crest in the centre. The blades curve down. The standards are deflexed, pale blue with a night-blue band in the centre, and 1–2 cm long. The standards can also vary in shape, from narrowly linear to almost 3-lobed shaped.

Iris warleyensis, Iris bucharica and Iris orchioides, all have cubiform seeds. But I. warleyensis seeds have a conspicuous cream coloured seam (known as a 'raphe') all the way down one side from top to bottom.

Taxonomy
It was first published by Michael Foster in 'Gardeners' Chronicle' Series 3, 261 of London in 1902.

Iris warleyensis is now the accepted name by the RHS, and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 3 October 2014.

It was found in Bokhara in Eastern Turkestan in 1899, by a plant collector on behalf of the Van Tubergen nurseries in Haarlem, the Netherlands.
Mr Foster then named it after 'Great Warley', the renowned gardener Ellen Willmott's garden in Essex.

It was later mentioned in the RHS Journal (later known as The Garden) 91.f 159 in 1966.

Native
Iris warleyensis is native to Central Asia. Located in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It was found on the stony slopes of Pamir Mountains or Aman-Kutan mountains, South of Samarkand in Uzbekistan.

Cultivation
It is hardy to USDA Zone 3.
In the UK, it is best cultivated in an unheated greenhouse, alpine house or bulb frame.

But it will grown in well-drained soils in any sunny spot that are not too wind-swept.

Known hybrids
Iris warleyensis will hybridise readily. Iris warleyensis and Iris bucharica can cross quite freely, and the seedlings are usually vigorous plants of the shape and stature of the latter species.
Iris bucharica x Iris warleyensis hybrids have yellow or greenish flowers bordered with green or brown patches.

 Iris Warlsind (I. warleyensis X Iris aucheri)
Iris 'Warlsind' was created by a Dutch nurseryman called Thomas M. Hoog. It has standards that are white-pearl streaked with milk-blue. It also has bright yellow lozenges (with a yellow ridge), tipped with chocolate brown on its falls. It grows to a height of between 24–35 cm (10-14"). It is hardy in the US.

References

External links
Image of Iris warleyensis

warleyensis
Plants described in 1902
Flora of Uzbekistan
Flora of Central Asia


title: Warren Evans

text:
Warren Cleage Evans (born December 30, 1948) is an American law enforcement official, lawyer, and politician serving as the county executive of Wayne County, Michigan since 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, Evans previously served as the chief of the Detroit Police Department from 2009 to 2010, and as the Wayne County Sheriff from 2003 to 2009.

Early career
Evans began his career in law enforcement as a deputy with the Wayne County Sheriff's Department in 1970. Evans rose through the ranks of the department, serving as Undersheriff, the department's second-in-command officer from 1987 through 1991. Evans became the director of administration for the Wayne County Board of Commissioners in 1991 and created the Wayne County Department of Community Justice and served as its director from 1992 to 1997. He rejoined county government in 2001 as chief of Special Operations for the Wayne County Prosecutor's Office in 2001 and was named sheriff in 2003 and was elected to full terms in 2004 and 2008.

Chief of Police
On July 6, 2009, Evans was named as the 39th Chief of Police of the Detroit Police Department by Mayor Dave Bing, replacing James Barren, who Bing had fired the previous Friday.

Evans was asked to resign by Bing just over a year into his tenure in July 2010. Bing did not give specifics why he asked Evans to resign but said "a combination of things" were met with disapproval, and the department was "compromised in some of the decisions he made." Speculation over Evans' desire to be a reality TV star and a relationship he had with a subordinate in the department contributed to his removal.

Politics
Evans ran for mayor of Detroit in the February 2009 special election caused by the resignation of Kwame Kilpatrick in September 2008. Evans came in fourth in the primary, taking just over 10 percent of the vote, Bing and then-interim Mayor Ken Cockrel, Jr. advanced to the general special election in May.

Evans announced in April 2014 that he was going to seek the Democratic nomination for Wayne County Executive, challenging 3-term incumbent Robert Ficano. Evans easily won the Democratic primary in August 2014, taking 46 percent of the vote in a ten-person field. Evans defeated Republican nominee John Dalton in the general election.

After running unopposed in the Democratic Primary, Evans defeated Republican challenger Denis Curran to win a second-term as County Executive in November 2018.

Warren C. Evans most notable accomplishment during his career was his ability to turn a 52 million deficit into a 121 million dollar surplus within 4 years.

During his second term (2022), Detroit Metropolitan Airport Authority voted unanimously to name a terminal after him. (Warren C. Evans Terminal)

Electoral history

References

1948 births
21st-century American politicians
County executives in Michigan
Detroit College of Law alumni
Detroit Police Department chiefs
Living people
Madonna University alumni
Michigan Democrats
Politicians from Detroit
Sheriffs of Wayne County, Michigan
University of Detroit Mercy alumni


title: Main Event (college basketball)

text:
The Continental Tire Main Event (formerly known as the MGM Grand Main Event, Men Who Speak Up Main Event, MGM Resorts Main Event, Roman Main Event, Men's Vegas Bubble) is a 4 team college basketball tournament held during Monday and Wednesday of Thanksgiving week of NCAA Division I men's basketball season, with the inaugural tournament beginning in 2014.

Tournament Format

The tournament originally featured two four-team brackets (labeled Heavyweight and Middleweight) with each team playing two games in Las Vegas. Members of the Heavyweight bracket each host at least one member of the Middleweight bracket on campus before the tournament. Since the Middleweight bracket's dissolution in 2021, the tournament continues to find opponents for members of the formerly named Heavyweight bracket to host on campus that would have played in the Middleweight bracket.

While the Heavyweight bracket pool always features four teams, the Middleweight bracket pool's size is variable, ranging from as little as two teams to as many as five. Despite this, only up to four teams in the Middleweight bracket pool played in Las Vegas. Since 2021, two teams that would have played in the Middleweight bracket each play two Heavyweight opponents before facing each other on campus.

Tournament champions

Brackets
* – Denotes overtime period

2023 - Continental Tire Main Event

2022 - Continental Tire Main Event

Campus Game Contender(s): Norfolk State beat Monmouth 64-59

2021 - Roman Main Event

Campus Game Contender(s): North Dakota State beat Tarleton State 54-53

2020 - Men's Vegas Bubble
The event had a unique format due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. It also adopted the temporary name "Men's Vegas Bubble" and aired on FloHoops. Despite including Baylor as the 2020 champion, no other records from this year are included in the tournament's History and Records page.

Schedule

2019 - MGM Resorts Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket

2018 - MGM Resorts Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket

Campus Game Contender(s): McNeese State (Iona did not play any Campus Games.)

2017 - MGM Resorts Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket

2016 - Men Who Speak Up Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket

2015 - Men Who Speak Up Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket

2014 - MGM Grand Main Event

Heavyweight Bracket

Middleweight Bracket
On October 6, 2014, the Middleweight Bracket was revised to a Round robin format.

References

External links
 Event's Official Website
 Event's Official Twitter Account

College men's basketball competitions in the United States
College basketball tournaments in Nevada
Recurring sporting events established in 2014
2014 establishments in Nevada
Events in Paradise, Nevada