title: Jimmy Gitsham

text:
James William Gitsham (12 May 1942 – 19 January 2005) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford as a left back.

Playing career
Gitsham began his career in the youth team at Third Division club Brentford and turned professional in July 1959. At age 18, while still a part-time player, Gitsham made his professional debut in a 2–2 draw with Hull City at Griffin Park on 8 April 1961. He went on to establish himself in the left back position, but lost his place in the team to Tom Anthony in September 1962. Gitsham made 61 appearances before departing the Bees during the 1963 off-season. He later played non-League football for Romford and Stevenage Town and was forced to retire due to a broken ankle.

Career statistics

Honours
Brentford
 Football League Fourth Division: 1962–63

References

1942 births
2005 deaths
Footballers from Hammersmith
English men's footballers
Brentford F.C. players
English Football League players
Romford F.C. players
Stevenage Town F.C. players
Southern Football League players
Men's association football fullbacks


title: Peasant rebellion in Podhale

text:
The Peasant rebellion in Podhale (1669-1670) was a rebellion of rural Gorals of the region of Podhale in present day southern Poland and a few villages in present day northern Slovakia against the high taxes imposed on them by the government of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It resulted in the defeat of the rebels and end of the Podhale Republic.

In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Gorals of Podhale frequently opposed local authorities, high taxes and the rule of the nobility: the best known of these revolts was the Kostka-Napierski Uprising, which took place in 1651.

In late September 1669, a heavy cavalry unit of Jan Wielopolski (see Towarzysz pancerny, Choragiew (military unit)) came to Podhale to winter in the region. By December, the cavalrymen had found their lodgings in the area of Nowy Targ: according to the legal regulations, local residents were obliged to provide food to the soldiers and their officers. Jan Wielopolski sent his envoys to the Podhale villages to collect the food and tax money. In response, the residents of Czarny Dunajec and Dzianisz attacked Wielopolski’s men, disarmed them, beat them up and robbed them. The envoys were then taken to Nowy Targ, where the locals tried to explain their actions to the officers of the unit. Wielopolski ordered the arrest of the peasants’ envoys, which resulted in widespread anger among the Gorals. Several hundred peasants approached Nowy Targ, but no skirmish took place.

When authorities in Krakow found out about the riots, they decided to pacify the rebellion, so that it would not spread over to other regions. On 6 April 1670 Crown Hetman Jan Sobieski sent seven units (total of 1000 men), consisting mostly of foreign soldiers, to end the rebellion. Meanwhile the rebels had made thorough preparations for the expected action. They even created their own artillery, and divided their forces into several subunits. Apart from military preparations, the gorals sent a letter to King Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki, in which they explained their reasons.

In May 1670, Sobieski’s forces clashed with the rebels near Nowy Targ. The exact date of the battle is unknown, but it happened most likely between 1 and 3 May 1670. Rebel forces were located around the city, to protect local villages and their residents. The skirmish did not last long, as experienced and well-armed Crown units managed to destroy the rebels. Survivors fled to a nearby forest. The battle ended the rebellion.

The rebellion has been remembered alongside the  and the Kostka-Napierski uprising as fights for Goral freedom and as the times (1669-1670 and 1630-1633 uprisings) when Gorals were free and ruled themselves, especially by Goral activists like Władysław Orkan.

See also
 Lesko uprising

References

Further reading
 Jan Czubek  „Bitwa pod Nowym Targiem” Rocznik Podhalański 1921 -  str. 88-100

Peasant revolts
Rebellions in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
17th-century rebellions
History of Lesser Poland
1669 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth


title: List of songs recorded by Bridgit Mendler

text:
American singer-songwriter Bridgit Mendler has recorded songs for two studio albums, one soundtrack and some of which were collaborations with others. A. Her first soundtrack, Lemonade Mouth, has peaked at number 4 on the Billboard 200. Her first single, "Somebody" debuted and peaked at number 89 in the US Billboard Hot 100 and sold 6,000 copies in the first week in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. Her second single, "Determinate" peaked at number 51 in the US Billboard Hot 100 and charting in two more countries. She was featured in the song, "Breakthrough" and debuted and peaked at number 88 in the US Billboard Hot 100.

On March 31, 2011, it was confirmed that Mendler had signed with Hollywood Records and had begun working on her debut album. In 2012, Mendler released her debut album Hello My Name Is..., which featured a pop sound. It debuted at number 30 on the US Billboard 200, and has sold over 200,000 copies. Her debut single off the album "Ready or Not", became an international Top 40 hit, the song was certified gold in Norway, and platinum in New Zealand, United States and Canada and peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was announced that her second single would be "Hurricane". The video premiered on April 12, 2013 and was shot in London. "Hurricane" has been certified gold in the USA for selling 500,000 copies. As of July 2, 2015, Mendler has left Hollywood Records since she is no longer listed on their official website.

Songs

Unreleased songs

See also
Bridgit Mendler discography

References

Mendler, Bridgit


title: Atypical localization of immature precursors

text:
In haematology atypical localization of immature precursors (ALIP) refers to finding of atypically localized precursors (myeloblasts and promyelocytes) on bone marrow biopsy. In healthy humans, precursors are rare and are found localized near the endosteum, and consist of 1-2 cells. In some cases of myelodysplastic syndromes, immature precursors might be located in the intertrabecular region and occasionally aggregate as clusters of 3 ~ 5 cells. The presence of ALIPs is associated with worse prognosis of  MDS . Recently, in bone marrow sections of patients with acute myeloid leukemia cells similar to ALIPs were defined as ALIP-like clusters. The presence of ALIP-like clusters in AML patients within remission was reported to be associated with  early relapse of the disease.

References

Blood cells
Hematology


title: Mercy Health (Michigan)

text:
Mercy Health is a not-for-profit, integrated, managed care health care organization based in West Michigan. On April 13, 2022, Mercy Health announced it was changing its name to Trinity Health Michigan. Facilities include hospitals, treatment facilities, urgent-care facilities, as well as physician practices that serve the western Michigan area. Mercy Health is a member of the Catholic Trinity Health system.

History
Mercy Health was formed in 2011 with the combining of Saint Mary's Health Care of Grand Rapids and Mercy Health Partners of Muskegon. Mercy Hospital in Cadillac and Mercy Hospital in Grayling were also incorporated into the group. The hospitals in Cadillac and Grayling were purchased by the Munson Healthcare system in February, 2015.

Services
Mercy Health provides inpatient and outpatient services at a variety of locations throughout West Michigan.

Hospitals
 General Campus, Muskegon
 Hackley Campus, Muskegon
 Lakeshore Campus, Shelby, Oceana County
 Mercy Campus, Muskegon
 Saint Mary's Campus, Grand Rapids

Health care providers

Other facilities and services

Awards

References

External links
 Mercy Health official website
 Trinity Health
 Urgent Care Plymouth
 Urgent Care Warren

Hospital networks in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Michigan
Catholic hospital networks in the United States


title: Kako Senior Secondary School

text:
Kako Senior Secondary School is a government aided, mixed boarding middle and high school (grades 8–13) in Uganda.

Location
The school campus is situated on Kako Hill, approximately  by road east of Masaka, off the road to Bukakata. Kako is situated on the northeastern shores of Lake Victoria, the second-largest freshwater lake in the world. The campus lies approximately  southwest of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. The coordinates of Kako Senior Secondary School are: 0°18'19.0"S, 31°48'26.0"E (Latitude: -0.305278; Longitude: 31.807222).

History
The school was founded in 1963 by several individuals in the Anglican Church in what was then the West Buganda Diocese. These included the following:

The late Tomasi Ssemukasa, at the time the sub-county chief of Mukungwe subcounty, donated land to which others and the Anglican Church added to accommodate the current school campus. The first headmaster was Mesusera Kayongo, one of the founders.

Academics
Kako Senior Secondary School teaches the subjects commonly taught at O-Level and A-Level. In addition, the school teaches practical vocational subjects including computer science, metalworking, woodworking, carpentry, and nutrition. At the A-Level, both art and science are offered.

Prominent alumni
The following prominent people attended Kako Senior Secondary School:
 Salim Saleh - High-ranking Military Officer in the UPDF. Formerly, Uganda's Minister of State for Microfinance. Senior Adviser to the President of Uganda on military matters.
 Davis Kamoga - Bronze Medal winner in 400 meters at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia
 Captain Frank Musisi - Commanding Officer for Headquarters & Headquarters Company, 377th Theater Sustainment Command, United States Army, New Orleans, Louisiana.

See also
 Education in Uganda
 Masaka District

References

External links
 Website of Kako Senior Secondary School
 Rankings of All Accredited Senior Secondary Schools In Uganda In 2009
   Uganda: Fundraisers a Waste of Time, Says Museveni
 Top Schools In Uganda: 2000 - 2010

Boarding schools in Uganda
Educational institutions established in 1963
Mixed schools in Uganda
Secondary schools in Uganda
1963 establishments in Uganda
Masaka District


title: Georgios Trontzos

text:
Georgios Trontzos (alternate spelling: Giorgos) (Greek: Γιώργος Τρόντζος; ) is a retired Greek professional basketball player and basketball coach. At a height of 2.17 m (7'1 "), he played at the center position. In honor of his great contributions to the club as a player, his number 6 jersey was retired by AEK Athens.

College career
Trontzos played college basketball in the United States at Gonzaga University, with the Gonzaga Bulldogs. He was the second 7-footer in the school's history after Jean Claude Lefebvre, a 7'3" French native, who arrived at Gonzaga in the fall of 1957.

Club career
Trontzos started playing basketball with HAN Thessaloniki (YMCA). He then moved to the Greek club AEK Athens. With AEK, he won 5 Greek League championships (1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970).

He also helped lead the team to the final four of the FIBA European Champions Cup of the 1965–66 season, which was the first time that the EuroLeague ever used a final four system, thus helping to lead a Greek team to a final four in the EuroLeague for the first time ever. He also helped to lead AEK to the championship of the European-wide 2nd-tier level FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup of the 1967–68 season, which was the first European championship won by any Greek team. He scored 24 points in the tournament's final game.

He also played in the Greek Cup Final with AEK twice, in the years 1976 and 1978. He was a member of the FIBA European Selection team, in the years 1965 and 1967.

National team career
Trontzos was also a member of the senior men's Greek national basketball team. In 136 caps played with Greece's senior men's team, he scored 1,543 points, for an average of 11.3 points per game. He played at the FIBA EuroBasket 1965, the FIBA EuroBasket 1967, the FIBA EuroBasket 1969, and the FIBA EuroBasket 1973. He also played at the FIBA Olympic Qualifying Tournaments of 1964 and 1968.

He also played at the Mediterranean Games in 1967 and 1971.

Coaching career
Trontzos also coached AEK Athens, which he led to the final of the Greek Cup in 1980.

References

External links
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile

1942 births
Living people
AEK B.C. players
AEK B.C. coaches
Aigaleo B.C. coaches
Basketball players with retired numbers
Centers (basketball)
Competitors at the 1967 Mediterranean Games
Competitors at the 1971 Mediterranean Games
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball players
Greek basketball coaches
Greek men's basketball players
HANTH B.C. players
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Greece
Mediterranean Games medalists in basketball
Sportspeople from Veria


title: 2014 Bet-at-home Cup Kitzbühel – Singles

text:
Marcel Granollers was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Dominic Thiem.
David Goffin won the title, defeating Thiem in the final, 4–6, 6–1, 6–3.

Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Qualifying draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

References
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Bet-at-Home Cup - Singles
2014 Singles


title: Günter Luther

text:
Günter Luther (17 March 1922 – 31 May 1997) was a German admiral who became Inspector of the Navy and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe for NATO. During World War II, he served as a military pilot in the Kriegsmarine and a paratrooper in the Luftwaffe. After the war, he joined the newly founded West German Bundesmarine in 1956.

Personal life
Günter Luther was born in Bestwig on 17 March 1922, the son of a teacher who came from a family of artisans. He completed his secondary education and took his Abitur in 1939. In 1947 he married his wife Christel, who died in 1995. He died on 31 May 1997 in Kiel from a heart condition, whilst returning from a reunion at the wheel of his car.

Career

World War II
After taking his Abitur, Luther joined the Kriegsmarine as an officer candidate in December 1939. He completed his nautical training on the training ship Gorch Fock and the battleship , and his military schooling at Naval Academy Mürwik and the naval artillery school in Kiel. His training also included half a year on the frontline on the minesweeper M-1 in Norwegian waters. He planned to train as a naval aviator.

Luther volunteered to be a forward observer. To complete this training he had to exchange his Kriegesmarine uniform for that of the Luftwaffe. Luther was commissioned as a lieutenant (Leutnant) on 1 April 1942. He served as a pilot in the Coastal Aviation Squadrons 1/906 and 1/706. He flew 160 missions over the North Sea and Arctic Ocean. In May 1944, he was shot down with his aircraft over the sea.

By then a first lieutenant (Oberleutnant), he volunteered to join the Luftwaffe's parachute troops, the Fallschirmjäger. As company commander in the 9th Fallschirmjäger Regiment (part of the 3rd Parachute Division), he fought in the Ardennes Offensive, in the Ruhr Pocket, and at the battle of Hürtgenwald. Luther became an American prisoner on 28 April 1945, and was freed in December 1945.

After the war
Luther earned his living in the aftermath of the war as a construction worker. This was followed by studying English at a university, which enabled him to take jobs as an interpreter and personnel manager for the American armed forces. From 1952 to 1956, he worked for the Agfa camera company, as a clerk and export group leader.

Bundeswehr
On 1 March 1956 Luther joined the newly founded Navy of West Germany's new military, the Bundeswehr, as a Kapitänleutnant (captain lieutenant). Initially, he considered serving in the German Air Force instead. He trained as a jet pilot for the Hawker Sea Hawk in the United Kingdom, and in September 1958 assumed command of the 1st Multipurpose Squadron of Naval Air Group 1. In 1960, he joined the higher command of the Navy with responsibility for the operational planning for naval aviation. In 1962 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän (lieutenant commander) and made commander of the Navy's Flying Group 1. He continued to lead the squadron until 1968, receiving promotions to Fregattenkapitän (commander) and Kapitän zur See (captain).

He then served as the head of the department for naval aviation at the Ministry of Defence. Luther successfully lobbied for the Navy to switch directly from the Starfighter to the Tornado, without the intermediate introduction of the Phantom that occurred in the air force. He himself trained as a Starfighter pilot and flew this type of aircraft regularly.

With his promotion to Flottillenadmiral (flotilla admiral) on 1 October 1970 he became the youngest admiral of the German Navy at 48 years old, and was given the command of the Flotilla of Naval Aviation in Kiel-Holtenau. There he had command of around 7,500 men and over 200 aircraft. On 1 April 1972 he became commander of the German Navy in the North Sea and simultaneously NATO commander in the North Sea and Skagerrak.

In October 1972 he was promoted to Konteradmiral (rear admiral) and took up the position of chief of the Marineamt in Wilhelmshaven. On 1 April 1975 he was promoted to Vizeadmiral (vice admiral) and made Inspector of the Navy, i.e. the commander-in-chief of the German Navy.

On 1 April 1980, Luther was promoted to the rank of Admiral, and took up the NATO post of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR) at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. On 31 March 1982, Admiral Günter Luther retired from service and moved to Kiel.

References

External links
  Inspekteure der Marine (Bundesarchiv)
  Inspekteure der Marine (German Navy official website)

1922 births
1997 deaths
Kriegsmarine personnel
Admirals of the German Navy
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
Fallschirmjäger of World War II
German World War II pilots
People from Hochsauerlandkreis
NATO military personnel
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Chiefs of Navy (Germany)
Military personnel from North Rhine-Westphalia


title: Copa Serrana

text:
The Campeonato da Região Serrana, commonly known as the Copa Serrana, is an annual competition organized by the Rio Grande do Sul state football federation for clubs that are in the first, second and third divisions of the Campeonato Gaúcho and are located in the mountainous region and northern of the state. It is held in the second half of the year and usually clubs participating in the higher levels of the Campeonato Brasileiro do not participate with the first team squad, using his academy.

The competition was founded in 2013, being a qualifying tournament for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where the winner ensures participation in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D of the following year. The Copa Serrana occasionally receive a different name, honoring important people related to football in Rio Grande do Sul. The 2014 edition is called Copa Paulo Sérgio Poletto, in posthumous tribute to former Grêmio and Ypiranga-RS manager who died in April of the same year.

The current holders are Passo Fundo, having beaten the Lajeadense by 2–1 aggregate in the 2013 finals. With this title, the Passo Fundo became the first winner of the Copa Serrana in history.

History

Over the past decades, one of the major problems of Brazilian football has been the lack of an annual schedule for smaller clubs. These teams usually played in the state leagues and in the rest of the year closed, only reopening in the following year. Thus, FGF decided to create new competitions for this to not occur more, creating three regional tournaments: the Copa Serrana, the Copa Metropolitana and the Copa Sul-Fronteira. Along with the traditional domestic cup, the Copa FGF, the winners qualify for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where the four clubs play a qualification for the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D and also a place in the dispute of the state supercup, the Recopa Gaúcha, against the champion of the Campeonato Gaúcho.

The first edition of the Copa Serrana was held in the second half of 2013, with the participation of six clubs of the mountainous region and northern of the state. The finals was played between Passo Fundo, winner of the first round, and Lajeadense, winner of the second round. The Passo Fundo won by 2–1 aggregate, winning the first title.

Format

Competition
In the first stage, all teams face off in round-robin, which will qualify the top four for the next phase, known as the semi-finals. At this stage, the first placed facing the fourth place and second place playing against the third placed in two matches each. The winners face off in the final two matches to define the winner of the competition.

Qualification for competitions
The Copa Serrana winners qualify for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where it will have the opportunity to qualify for next year's Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The winner of the Super Copa Gaúcha also dispute the Recopa Gaúcha, against the winner of Campeonato Gaúcho at the beginning of next season.

Clubs
Having been established in 2013, the Copa Serrana is played by clubs located in the mountainous region and northern of the Rio Grande do Sul and compete in the first, second or third division of the Campeonato Gaúcho. The following seven clubs will compete in the Copa Serrana during the 2014 edition.

Records and statistics

List of champions
Below is the complete list of winners and runners-up of the competition.

Goalscorers
Are exposed here the goalscorers of all editions of the competition.

See also
Campeonato Gaúcho
Campeonato Gaúcho (lower levels)
Copa FGF
Copa Metropolitana
Copa Sul-Fronteira

References

External links
FGF website. Federação Gaúcha de Futebol.

State football cup competitions in Brazil
Football competitions in Rio Grande do Sul


title: Benjamin Godwin

text:
Reverend Benjamin Godwin (10 October 1785 – 20 February 1871)  was a Baptist clergyman, abolitionist and activist. He was a pastor at Dartmouth, Great Missenden, Bradford, and Oxford as well as a teacher of classics. He became involved in debates on the ethics of slavery and a schism in the Baptist missionary community. Godwin's writing's are an interesting source as he wrote 58 letters to his son to record his autobiography. Godwin's son and his grandson were Mayors of Bradford.

Life
Godwin was born on 10 October in Bath in 1785. His mother was about forty, but he was given the biblical name Benjamin because his father was 70 and a keen Baptist. His father had been married before and Benjamin had two adult siblings. His family were poor but he was sent to a Dame school until his education and upkeep was undertaken by the charity that ran the Bluecoat School in Bath This school was free and included the supply of uniforms. When Godwin finished school he was apprenticed to a shoemaker.

Sailor

Godwin was unhappy during his apprenticeship and this resulted in the fifteen-year-old running away with a friend on a ship bound for the Mediterranean. During the journey Godwin reported that he gained a close relationship with his god. Godwin jumped ship in Palermo and he was able to find work as a cabin boy bound for London. However, in Menorca the whole crew of his ship was press-ganged to crew HMS Le Généreux on Godwin's 16th birthday. Godwin became a Royal Navy sailor during the Napoleonic Wars until peace was declared. Godwin and the rest of crew were dismissed at Spithead on 27 July 1802.

Cobbler and evangelist
Godwin renewed his religious interests attending his family's Baptist Church with his, much older, half-sister. He also lodged with his half sister and her husband. He initially tried his hand at building with his brother-in-law before realising that his poor skills as a cobbler were superior to his ability to be a builder. In line with the Baptist faith, Godwin confirmed his faith when he was baptised with five other adults. Through the church he met Elizabeth Hall, but she refused to marry him until he could support her. "Betsy" Hall was unimpressed by Godwin delivering a sermon, until he had given three successful sermons in Bath. Others were also impressed and Godwin was offered a part-time position as an evangelist at Aylburton in Gloucestershire. Betsy was satisfied and they were married on 14 August 1806 and they were given the use of a cottage in Aylburton. Here they set up a home and they established church meetings. Godwin was inspired by his wife who he regarded as "the name of a powerful spell". However, despite Godwin's efforts they were reduced to eating potatoes and drinking water and their evangelical mission came under active opposition. They had to contend with merciless persecution including eggs being thrown. Hearing that he had been mischievously drafted into the militia, Godwin left Aylburton in 1807.

Godwin was sure now that he wanted to be a minister and he was given a probationary year looking after a Cornish congregation at Chacewater. Here he was mentored by the nearby minister at Redruth. Betsy had to remain in Bath as the money was poor, but Godwin's was helping at the local school and completing his own education. It was Godwin who decided to leave when the year was completed to join his wife; and to become a minister.

Minister

Godwin and Betsy spent a year at Chipping Sodbury, but he modestly refused an offer of becoming their pastor and took up another offer in Dartmouth where he could not only preach but also learn and teach. His ordination as a minister for Dartmouth was in 1812. Within his new congregation were Calvinistic Baptists who debated with Godwin and his Particular Baptist views. Godwin was a Baptist but gave his support to the evangelical ideas of Andrew Fuller and his Baptist Missionary Society. In Dartmouth, the Godwin's daughter, Mary, died of whooping cough, but they also had a son on 23 December 1814 who they named John Venimore Godwin. Godwin was ready to move.

Godwin became a minister at Great Missenden where he wrote the memoirs of the pastor he had replaced. He worked well with his Anglican counterpart raising money for missionary work, but he was disappointed to find that he was gaining some of his diminishing congregation. Godwin was paid well but the money failed to arrive on time.

Tutor in Bradford
Godwin arrived at his new position in Bradford in 1822. Here he was employed as a teacher of classics by William Steadman who led the Horton Academy in Bradford. The academy was training Baptist ministers and Godwin had initially turned down an offer to join the staff. Steadman had persevered as he was impressed by Godwin's first published sermon. Horton Academy was teaching adults and Godwin was concerned that his education was not sufficient. This proved not to be the case and he enthusiastically introduced new classes in maths, physics and geography. Godwin was however not preaching.

Minister and tutor in Bradford
In 1824 a new Sion Chapel was built in Bradford and Godwin became its minister on 31 October 1824 when he had the honour of Robert Hall giving a sermon. Godwin was pleased with the autonomy that this new position allowed him.

Godwin had now achieved his ambition. In 1830 Godwin launched himself on what he, and his wife, believed was their next challenge and that was to oppose slavery. After consulting the leading abolitionist James Stephen, he gave a series of well-attended talks at the newly built Bradford Exchange buildings. The lectures were given with an entrance fee of a shilling, but these were more than just a series of four plain lectures. Godwin had not only prepared transparencies he had also hired an artist to prepare large paintings that could illustrate the results of slavery. The young artist was called Thomas Richmond (and he may be this one). Godwin believed that the truth would make its own argument and he just needed to make sure that the information was presented and that it was accessible. Godwin wanted minds to be persuaded so he had Thomas Richmond prepare a second series of panels that illustrated the benefits of an egalitarian and multi-racial world that result from the abolition of slavery.

Godwin and his talks would have been just the right kind of activity needed for the planned Bradford Mechanics' Institute Library. The new building was encouraged by Godwin and the new facility was designed to assist in adult education. It opened in 1832. Meanwhile, Godwin's abolitionist talks attracted wider attention and Zachary Macaulay who edited the Anti-Slavery Reporter invited him to arrange a series of talks around the country. The proposal was too ambitious, but Godwin did deliver the four illustrated lectures in York and Scarborough and the texts were summarised in the local papers. They were also published as a 170-page booklet in London and in Boston, Massachusetts (in 1836). Godwin arranged for a grand petition to be assembled in Yorkshire to persuade the British Anti-Slavery movement to be more active. John Hustler helped with travel expenses in order that he could lobby the next meeting of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in London. This was not successful but he did get to set forth his case with Zachary Macauley who led the organisation. Godwin also offered active assistance to Henry Brougham who was standing for parliament with an abolitionist agenda. Godwin wanted to help and he devised and funded posters that appealed to Yorkshire. Godwin knew that voters had supported the famous abolitionist William Wilberforce and he appealed to them to repeat their choice (and Godwin's) with the new candidate, Henry Brougham.

Godwin's four lectures had become a book that was rapidly out of print in London. Copies were sent to peers and members of parliament and speakers and agents for anti-slavery looked on Godwin's book as a standard work. Reader's included the international activists George Thompson and John Scoble. Scoble was the secretary of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society.

By 1833 parliament was more democratic following the Reform Bill and the abolitionists wanted to ensure that their elected Members of Parliament voted to outlaw slavery. Petitions were again organised across Bradford and Godwin was one of the delegates sent to Exeter Hall in London to attend a meeting to organise the lobbying of parliament. The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 was passed and this made slavery illegal throughout the empire. On 24 April 1834 Godwin was awarded a testimonial dinner for his leadership during the anti-slavery campaign. He was given thanks and presents including tea sets and silver plate at a celebration that was attended by members from both houses of parliament.

In 1834 the Liberal Bradford Observer newspaper was formed by selling shares to ninety people. The idea for the newspaper had come from an informal book club that Godwin attended. Godwin was one of several people who led this initiative. He proposed that the newspaper needed to aim for a general appeal which meant that it should not exclusively champion the Liberal cause but should attempt to demonstrate the common interests of both employer and employees. The newspaper was a success and Godwin organised a local group to support parliamentary reform and another group against slavery. When Godwin became dissatisfied and he resigned his position in 1836 there was a campaign to raise money to keep him in Bradford. Godwin relented, but within a few months he again felt that he was not enjoying the support he deserved. He had given up his role at the Horton Academy to concentrate on his ministry but still he heard criticism. Godwin resigned again and despite having nowhere to go he did not give in to those who asked him to retract again.

Peacemaker in Liverpool
Godwin was at a loose end and he became involved in a schism between the Baptist Missionary Society and the missionaries in charge of the mission to Serampore in India. Godwin and his wife moved to Liverpool where he was given £150 a year to be secretary to the committee set up to solve the problem. The latter organisers were known as the "Serampore Three". The ten-year-long schism arose because the mission at Serampore had been set up with a degree of independence from the main society. Following the death of long-serving and successful missionary society secretary Andrew Fuller it was decided to formalise the ownership. The new missionary society secretary required everything to be explained and documented. By this time the elder missionaries had in their ownership a number of buildings which they held in safe-keeping. Some saw that this could be interpreted as personal profit although no one made this accusation. The problem arose because these missionaries saw the request to transfer the ownership as a slur on their character.

Godwin's role was employed in Liverpool to talk his way around Britain explaining the misunderstandings that were in circulation and to try to arrange a visit to the splintered missionaries in India. Godwin acted outside his remit and he organised a difficult two-day meeting in November 1836 which agreed a merger between the two splintered groups. With no schism Godwin had no job. With a feeling of great success he was again out of work.

Minister in Oxford
In 1838 Godwin became the Baptist minister in New Street Church in Oxford. In the March of that year he started the first of 58 autobiographical letters which he would continue to write until December 1855.

During the 1840 World Anti-Slavery convention he prepared a paper on the ethics of slavery. The convention unanimously accepted his paper which condemned not only slavery but the religious leaders and communities who had failed to condemn the practise. The convention resolved to write to every religious leader to share this view. The convention called on every religious communities to eject any supporters of slavery from their midst.

Godwin was included in a large commemorative painting of the 1840 convention where he can just be seen behind the head of Joseph Sturge who organised the conference. The painting now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. Godwin was meeting and mixing with the international anti-slavery activists. He was invited to meet French abolitionists in Paris the following year.

Godwin resigned his Oxford position in 1845 due to his failing health and the following year he and his wife returned to Bradford. They lived in a house that his son had organised. In 1847 his son was married. Godwin continued to work for the Baptist Missionary Society as well as lecturing at Horton College again in 1850. One of his latter successes was to become President of Bradford's Ragged School which opened with seven pupils in 1854. Another late honour was to be president of a newly formed Bradford female Anti-Slavery Society with his wife as secretary in 1856 and a committee of 24 women.

On 23 December 1855, on his son's birthday, Godwin presented to his son 58 autobiographic letters which he had agreed to write nearly twenty years before. These letters have been evaluated academically and they are considered to be a good source on Godwin's life and the debates and affairs that he was involved with.

Godwin died in 1871.

Selected publications
The Substance of a Course of Lectures on British Colonial Slavery: Delivered at Bradford, York and Scarborough, 1830
Paper presented to the General Anti-Slavery Convention, 1840
The Philosophy of Atheism Examined and Compared with Christianity. A course of popular lectures delivered at the Mechanics’ Institute, Bradford, on Sunday afternoons, in the winter of 1852-1853, 1853

References

1785 births
1871 deaths
19th-century English Baptist ministers
Baptist abolitionists
Clergy from Bradford
English abolitionists
Clergy from Bath, Somerset


title: Naisten Ykkönen

text:
Naisten Ykkönen (, Women's First/One) is the second highest division of women's football in Finland. It is overseen by the Suomen Palloliitto (Football Association of Finland). Teams in Naisten Ykkönen can gain promotion to the top-tier Kansallinen Liiga or be relegated to the third-tier Naisten Kakkonen. At the conclusion of the 2019 season, PK-35 Vantaa gained promotion to the Kansallinen Liiga as champions of the Naisten Ykkönen and PK-35 gained promotion by winning the promotion/relegation series against IK Myran.  Conversely, GBK Kokkola and Ilves/2, were relegated to the Naisten Kakkonen at the conclusion of the 2019 season.

History
The league was founded in 1984 as the Naisten I divisioona (Women's Division 1). The league was preceded by the Naisten perussarja (Women's Base Series), which played during 1973–1980, and the Naisten aluesarja (Women's Regional Series), which played during 1981–1983. Naisten I divisioona was renamed “Naisten Ykkönen” in 1996.

Format
Naisten Ykkönen comprises twelve teams per season. The teams play in a double round-robin series for a total of 22 rounds. The top ranked team at the end of the season gains promotion to the Kansallinen Liiga, unseating the tenth (last) ranked team of the Kansallinen Liiga which is relegated to Naisten Ykkönen. The second ranked team in the Naisten Ykkönen and the ninth ranked team of the Kansallinen Liiga face off in a best of three series, the winner of which gains promotion to/remains in the Kansallinen Liiga and the loser remains in/is relegated to the Naisten Ykkönen. The Naisten Ykkönen teams in eleventh and twelfth position at the end of the season are relegated to the Naisten Kakkonen and replaced by the top two teams of the Naisten Kakkonen for the next season. In total, three or four teams are changed from one season to the next.

2020 season
The start of the 2020 Naisten Ykkönen season was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic and there was some concern early on that the season may need to be cancelled. However, the concerns were not realized and on 15 May 2020, the Football Association of Finland announced that the 2020 Naisten Ykkönen season would be played with a modified format, a single round-robin series (11 matches) and three regional blocks of four teams, played as a double round-robin series (6 matches), for a total of 17 rounds.

Teams 2020
TN is the standard Finnish abbreviation for artificial turf ()

Source: Suomen Palloliitto

References
Content in this article is translated from the existing Finnish Wikipedia article at :fi:Naisten Ykkönen; see its history for attribution.

External links
Naisten Ykkönen on the Suomen Palloliitto site

2
Sports leagues established in 1984
Fin
1984 establishments in Finland
Professional sports leagues in Finland


title: Twist It (disambiguation)

text:
"Twist It" is a 2005 song by Olivia featuring Lloyd Banks

"Twist It", song by Eve's Plum
"Twist It", song by The John Barry Seven written by John Barry 1961

See also
"Twist It Up", No. 25 single 1963 Twist (dance) by Chubby Checker


title: Alexandra Rozenman

text:
Alexandra Rozenman is a contemporary Russian-American painter, graphic designer, and book illustrator. She is recognized for her works where visual artifacts are used as the means for telling intricate, idiosyncratic, compelling stories. Her work has been on exhibit in the leading museums, including the National Centre for Contemporary Arts in her native Moscow, and deCordova Museum in Lincoln, Massachusetts. Rozenman lives in Boston and works in Somerville, Massachusetts.

Early life and education

Rozenman was born in Moscow, Russia (then Soviet Union).  Her early influences included an art school for gifted child artists at the Pushkin Museum - at that time the only venue for Western art shows in Moscow, both ancient and modern.  Nina N. Kofman, an art educator, ran an art school for very young children at the museum, actively using its collection as a study aide.  Several of Rozenman's works from that period have been shown at the international shows of children's art  (in Russia, Japan, India, and Finland, among others).  Later on, Rozenman studied with several dissident artists who went on to become famous in the West, including Grisha Bruskin.  When Rozenman's family emigrated from Russia to the US in 1989, she continued her art education there, participating in the Studio Semester in New York Program at SUNY Empire State College (she graduated in 1995), and proceeding to Boston, where she earned her MFA from the School of Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University in 1997.

Career

Rozenman worked in many places in the US, including the East Coast (Washington, New York City, and Boston), West Coast (Los Angeles), and Mid-West (East Lansing, Michigan, and Saint Paul, Minnesota), striving to capture her life experience, and developing a unique, highly personal way of expressing the American reality of today.  She straddles the distinctly European world with recognizable Russian and Jewish influences (mostly of Marc Chagall, whose first wife, Bella Chagall, frequently depicted as a flying female figure in his early paintings, is Rozenman's great-aunt) and the uniquely American experience of freedom and thirst for deeper meaning of life interwoven with art. Today, Rozenman is a core member of the Fountain Street Gallery.

Paintings

Over three decades, starting as a child artist, Rozenman went through several periods, capturing life experiences in images.  They reflect, on the one hand, her highly personal accounts of love, loss, and search for beauty, and on the other hand—the environments of Russia, California, New York City, Boston, Midwest, and Europe.

In one of her recent series of paintings, called Transplanted, Rozenman superimposes her own images with iconic works of European and American artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Breugel, Turner, Monet, Matisse and Diebenkorn.  This series, a part of which has been on display in Boston in 2013, represents the artist's search for a personal place in the story of the world art.

Graphics

Rozenman started working on small graphics format in her teens, selling art from the sidewalks of Moscow busy Arbat Street thoroughfare.  She returned to this form recently, partly for the purposes of book illustration.

Book illustration

Rozenman illustrated several books, including "Two Hands Clapping" a collaborative book of drawings with the British poet Grace Andreacchi (Andromache Books, London, 2009). Grace Andreacchi also published the video Two Hands Clapping on YouTube.

She has recently finished illustrating "Sticky Leaves" by Mikhail Epstein, a Russian-American literary theorist and critical thinker.

Art school

Since 2012, Rozenman has been running a popular art school with classes for children and adults in Allston, and later in Somerville, Massachusetts, offering classes, seminars, and workshops in experimental and classical painting and drawing.

Principal solo exhibitions
 2020 Furniture in Unexpected Places, Fountain Street Fine Arts, Boston (scheduled)
 2018 Looking Forward, Looking Back, Finn Gallery, Greenwich, Connecticut
 2017 Blind Dates, Hudson Gallery, Gloucester, Massachusetts
 2016 Broken Memories, J's Bodzin Gallery, Fairfax, Virginia
 2015 In Motion, Hammond Art Gallery, Fitchburg College, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
 2013 Multicultural Arts Center, East Cambridge, Massachusetts
 2011 Contemporary Art Network, New York, New York
 2011 French Cultural Center, Boston, Massachusetts
 2010 Newton Free Library Art Gallery, Newton, Massachusetts
 2009 The Ann Loeb Bronfman Gallery, Washington DC
 2008 Gallery 360, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
 2008 Village Quill, New York, New York
 2007 The Tychman -Shapiro Gallery, Minneapolis, Minnesota
 2007 Gallery 13, Minneapolis, Minnesota
 2006 Goetemann Gallery, Gloucester, Massachusetts
 2002–2006 Argyle Zebra Gallery, Saint Paul, Minnesota
 1998–2000 Clark Gallery, Lincoln, Massachusetts
 2001 Creole Gallery, Lansing, Michigan
 1999 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
 1998 New England School of Art and Design
 1996–1998 Kingston Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts
 1996 Tish Gallery at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MFA Exhibition, Medford, Massachusetts

References

External links

Alexandra Rozenman’s “Transplanted” at the Multicultural Arts Center
Alexandra Rozenman | deCordova
Simple Scenes from Alexandra Rozenman
TWO HANDS CLAPPING
The Brooklyner

1971 births
American artists
American people of Russian descent
Living people


title: Kesher Israel

text:
Kesher Israel may refer to:

Congregation Kesher Israel (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania
Kesher Israel Congregation (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)
Kesher Israel (Washington, D.C.), also known as the Georgetown Synagogue


title: Ramakrishnan Srikant

text:
Ramakrishnan Srikant is a Google Fellow at Google.

His primary field of research is Data Mining. His 1994 paper, Fast algorithms for mining association rules, co-authored with Rakesh Agrawal has acquired over 27000 citations as per Google Scholar as of July 2014, and is thus one of the most cited papers in the area of Data Mining. It won the VLDB 10-year award in 2004. His 1995 paper, Mining Sequential Patterns, also co-authored with Rakesh Agrawal, was awarded the ICDE Influential Paper Award in 2008, and his 2004 paper, Order-Preserving Encryption for Numeric Data, co-authored with Rakesh Agrawal, Jerry Kiernan and Yirong Xu, won the 2014 SIGMOD Test of Time Award.

Srikant is a winner of the Grace Murray Hopper Award and was also awarded the SIGKDD Innovation Award in the year 2006.

He was elected to Fellow of ACM (2014) for contributions to knowledge discovery and data mining.

References

Indian emigrants to the United States
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Google employees
Google Fellows
American people of Indian descent
American businesspeople
Living people
Database researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Sukierae

text:
Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name.

Background and recording
After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and "[help] the songs take shape". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the "Songs For Slim" series in 2013. Sukierae was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey.

In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album:

"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they’re still there in the finished record. (That’s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song “I’ll Sing It” includes a cassette recording from a "Being There" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it.

"It’s a totally different process working with an ensemble. Wilco is a six-piece band, and its members have varying degrees of interest in the finishing touches. As a collective, we always gravitate towards something much more fully realized—and that’s the pleasure of it. Working on my own, I always hope to abandon something before I feel like I’ve made all of the choices that could be made. If I commit too much to one approach, I mourn all the choices that weren’t made when I get to that point. I think that’s one way Sukierae would have been different if it had been recorded by Wilco. I can still hear possible overdubs on every track, I can still hear things I could have done, and that’s the most enjoyable part for me. It’s the same thing I love about Daniel Johnston’s music—all that unrealized potential."

Jeff Tweedy had mentioned that he had 90 new songs that he had written, but not recorded, when interviewed in 2013 about the prospect of a new Wilco album. Material for a new album has since been recorded, but so far has not been released. In the meantime, all members of the band have released or appeared on numerous albums, from one-off collaborations, to their more closely related projects of The Autumn Defense and The Nels Cline Singers.

In an interview with The Guardian Tweedy shared his thoughts on the Album as a format in 2014.  He also elaborated on the creative process of sequencing Sukierae as a double album:

"I’ve just made a double album, Sukierae, which has two distinct discs. I understand in this day and age there might not be many people who will listen to it that way, but it doesn’t matter – because I want to listen that way. I’m not a curmudgeon, a luddite or anti-modern technology doomsayer. I just want to listen to the album and have a feeling that one part, has ended, and now I can take a little breather before I listen to the second part. Or I can listen to the second part another time. It’s a double record on vinyl, so there are three breaks like that. I wanted it to have different identities artistically and the album format allows me to do that."

"Working toward Sukierae I must have written or recorded around 90 songs. I was pretty sold on the idea of two really good-sounding vinyl sides, but no matter how we tried to sequence the songs, we kept getting halfway into another record. Then, in the last couple of weeks of recording, I had this burst and recorded five new songs, which all started to feel like part of a whole other record. So, we sequenced it as disc one and disc two. The album gets simpler and softer and bolder at the same time. The idea is that as it winds down it gets clearer."

"These are key tracks but deliberately placed to be heard in the middle of the album. Listening to it all at once is a leap of faith, but I know that the idea of listening to a work all the way through and being taken along for the whole ride is becoming antiquated for a lot of people."

The album will be released through dBpm Records, a record label founded by the members of Wilco in 2011. This is the third album release by the label, following The Whole Love and its corresponding deluxe edition release.

Touring band
Jeff and Spencer Tweedy rounded out the project into a full band in order to tour, adding Jim Elkington as an additional guitarist, bassist Darin Gray, and keyboardist/guitarist Liam Cunningham. The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album.

During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from Sukierae, exclusively. So far, the band has not played "I'll Sing It" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from Sukierae, but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco.

Promotion
On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song "I'll Sing It". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. "Summer Noon" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film Boyhood. Third was "Wait For Love", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance.

The song "Diamond Light, Pt. 1" was premiered on Stereogum as a SoundCloud stream, and along with "Diamond Light, Pt. 2" was released on a 10" vinyl record on June 17. While "Diamond Light, Pt. 1" would go on to appear on Sukierae, "Diamond Light, Pt. 2" only appears on this release. This release was limited to 2,000 copies and was pressed on virgin "clear/smoke" vinyl. Both sides of the record end with a locked groove (uncommon for 10" records).

Lastly, the song Fake Fur Coat was premiered on VH1 music on July 24.

On July 24, Tweedy performed "Summer Noon" and "High As Hello" on The Tonight Show.

Track listing

Musicians
 Jeff Tweedy – Vocals (1–20), Guitar (1–20), Bass (1–4,6–13,15–17,19), iPhone Track (1,2,3,8,14), Keyboard (2,4,13), Piano (4,7–9,17,20), Electric Sitar (10), Cassette (10), Mellotron (17)
 Spencer Tweedy – Drums (1–6,8–13,15–17,19), Percussion (2,6,13,15)
 Jess Wolfe – Background Vocals (2,5,6,8–10,17,20)
 Holly Laessig – Background Vocals (2,5,6,8–10,17,20)
 Scott McCaughey – Piano (5,6,11–13,16), Mellotron (6), Typewriter (13), Vibraphone (16)

Charts

References

2014 debut albums
Tweedy (band) albums
DBpm Records albums
Albums produced by Jeff Tweedy


title: Aílton (footballer, born 1968)

text:
Aílton Delfino (born 1 September 1968) is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a striker.

Career
Born in Belo Horizonte, Aílton is a youth product of Atlético Mineiro, making his debut in 1987, and taking part in the conquest of three Campeonato Mineiro, in 1988, 1989 and 1991, and one Copa CONMEBOL.

In 1993, Aílton joined Benfica, as the alternative for Adolfo Valencia after negotiations with the Colombian failed. He made his debut on a friendly against FC Barcelona on 18 August 1993, scoring the 2–1 in the 73rd minute. His first season in Portugal was a success, as he help the Lisbon-side win the league title, scoring 14 goals in 33 games, notably the first against Porto on 6 February 1994.

In his second season, Artur Jorge made several changes in the squad, with Aílton being loaned out to São Paulo until June 1995. He returned to Portugal for a six-month spell in 1995, without much success, moving permanently to São Paulo in January 1996.

At São Paulo, he won the Copa Master de CONMEBOL, scoring one goal in the semifinal against Botafogo. He then passed through five more clubs, notably helping São Caetano finish runner-up in the Série A in 2000 and 2001, plus starting both games of the 2002 Copa Libertadores Finals.

Honours
Atlético Mineiro
 Campeonato Mineiro: 1988, 1989, 1991
 Copa CONMEBOL: 1992

Benfica
 Primeira Liga: 1993–94
 Taça de Portugal: 1995–96

São Paulo
 Copa Master de CONMEBOL

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Footballers from Belo Horizonte
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Atlético Minero footballers
S.L. Benfica footballers
São Paulo FC players
Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Esporte Clube Santo André players
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Primeira Liga players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players


title: Entamoeba moshkovskii

text:
Entamoeba moshkovskii is part of the genus Entamoeba. It is found in areas with polluted water sources, and is prevalent in places such as Malaysia, India, and Bangladesh, but more recently has made its way to Turkey, Australia, and North America. This amoeba is said to rarely infect humans, but recently this has changed. It is in question as to whether it is pathogenic or not. Despite some sources stating this is a free living amoeba, various studies worldwide have shown it contains the ability to infect humans, with some cases of pathogenic potential being reported. Some of the symptoms that often occur are diarrhea, weight loss, bloody stool, and abdominal pain. The first known human infection also known as the "Laredo strain" of Entamoebic mushkovskii was in Laredo, Texas in 1991, although it was first described by a man named Tshalaia in 1941 in Moscow, Russia. It is known to affect people of all ages and genders.

Symptoms
E. moshkovskii has been identified in occasionally causing diarrhea with similar severity, duration, and age of onset to diarrhea acquired from E. histolytica. In murine models of mice, E. moshkovskii caused diarrhea, weight loss, and colitis. When children in Bangladesh were tested for intestinal issues, E. moshkovskii infection was associated with diarrhea.

Characteristics
The exact characteristics of Entamoeba moshkovskii are "indistinguishable" from that of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar unless a polymerase chain reaction test is done. This is the only circumstance in which you can distinguish between the three of them.

Transmission
Entamoeba moshkovskii is transmitted by contact or ingestion of any unclean water sources. It is known to be found in areas with polluted water such as brackish coastal pools, river line sediments, and originally sewage. A study from eastern India recorded a moderately high prevalence of Entamoeba moshkovskii infection in pigs.

Risk factors
Risk factors include the use or ingestion of polluted sources of water. Swimming in any areas with polluted water is also a risk. Most of the cases reported are in rural areas.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis with Entamoeba moshkovskii is difficult to do until symptoms appear. The amoeba will form cysts and trophozoites in the gastrointestinal tract. This can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Once symptoms start to occur, the standard means of diagnosing are a series of stool sample examinations and serological testing, and, if necessary, a colonoscopy or a biopsy of intestinal amebic legions or draining of liver abscesses (if present). They are checking to see if there is any indication of the amoeba within the feces. In order to do this,  several stool smears must be made and carefully observed under the microscope. At this point, if the tests are positive, it will usually come down to three choices for a diagnosis. The choices being Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba histolytica, or Entamoeba dispar. These three choices are, in the view of the microscope, "indistinguishable". This is the point where a doctor makes the call for what is most common (Entamoeba histolytica) or something more rare (Entamoeba mushkovskii). If they choose to go with what is common, they will treat with "entamoebic chemotherapy". If the decision to treat amoebiasis is made, symptomatic or not, successful results may be reached using luminal agents.  If the choice is to further examine the diagnosis, they will have to do a polymerase chain reaction. This is the only way to differentiate between the three amoebas and effectively diagnose.

Treatment
Although treatments are still being researched, there are some ways to treat Entamoebic moshkovskii. Since this particular amoeba is resistant to emitin, they typically treat using an anti-protozoan or antiamoebic therapy. In tropical regions, anyone with cysts in their stool is treated with an anti-protozoan. According to health.harvard.edu, gastrointestinal amoebiasis is treated with nitroimidazole drugs, given orally or intravenously, to  clear amoebas found within the blood, wall of the intestine, and the liver. Luminal drugs are used to eliminate the transmissible and air-resistant cyst forms found within the intestines. Nitroimidazole and luminal drugs are paired together when gastrointestinal symptoms caused by amoebiasis are present.

Prevention
Preventive methods are to only utilize clean water sources – whether it be for ingestion, cleaning, or recreation –  and good hygiene such as hand-washing.

References

Conosa
Waterborne diseases


title: Gaza War

text:
Gaza War may refer to:
Gaza War (2008–2009), also known as Operation Cast Lead, the Gaza Massacre, and the Battle of al-Furqan
2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip, or Operation Pillar of Defense
2014 Gaza War, or Operation Protective Edge
2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
2022 Gaza–Israel clashes
May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes
2023 Israel–Hamas war

See also
 Battle of Gaza (disambiguation)
 Gaza conflict (disambiguation)
 Gaza–Israel clashes (disambiguation)
 Gaza Crisis (disambiguation)
 Blockade of Gaza (disambiguation)
 Gaza–Israel conflict


title: Ophiceras

text:
Ophiceras is a genus of smooth, evolute ceratitid ammonites from the Early Triassic, with a rounded venter. Fossils of the genus have been found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Greenland, and India.

Diagnosis
The shell of Ophiceras evolute, whorls all showing, slowly increasing in height, and slightly embracing the previous.
Umbilicus, wide and moderately deep. Surface ornamented with faint folds, which in some develop into coarse ribs in the mature growth stage, and transverse striae.  Suture is ceratitic, lobes and saddles usually long and narrow. (Smith, 1932. Arkell, 1957)

Taxonomy
Ophiceras is included in the Ophiceratidae according to the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (Arkell, 1957), but was earlier placed in the Xenodiscidae in Smith (1932).

Five subgenera are recognized: Ophiceras (Ophiceras),  O. (Acanthophiceras), O. (Discophiceras), O. (Lytophiceras), O. (Metophiceras).

Ophiceras probably gave rise to Flemingites , which it somewhat resembles.

References

Further reading
 Arkell, W.J. et al., 1957. Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part L. Geological Society and University of Kansas Press.
 Smith, J.P. 1932. Lower Triassic Ammonoids of North America. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 167.

Otoceratina
Ceratitida genera
Triassic cephalopods
Triassic animals of Asia
Ammonites of Asia
Triassic Armenia
Triassic Azerbaijan
Triassic China
Triassic India
Fossils of Armenia
Fossils of Azerbaijan
Fossils of China
Fossils of India
Fossil taxa described in 1880


title: Joseph Stallaert

text:
Joseph Stallaert (19 March 1825, Merchtem - 24 November 1903, Ixelles) was a Belgian painter and art educator. He is known for his scenes from antiquity executed in a Classicistic and Academic style going back on the French models of Louis David.

Life
Joseph Jean François Stallaert was born on 19 March 1825 in Merchtem, a small town in the Flemish-speaking part of Brabant. Although a merchant, his father was very interested in literature and drama. With the encouragement of his father his favorite reading at age 12 were Dutch-language translations of Virgil and the Bible. His paternal grandfather was a Flemish poet and his brother, Charles Stallaert, became a Flemish-language writer. His family moved in 1838 to Brussels where his parents were merchants. They originally destined Joseph for a career in business and at the age of 15, he joined a trading firm, where he earned 100 francs a month. The person he was apprenticed to was the uncle of the landscape painter Edmond De Schampheleer, who discovered Stallaert's artistic ambitions. De Schampheleer arranged for him to take lessons in the studio of François-Joseph Navez, a Belgian Neoclassical painter who had studied under Louis David and was known for his portraits and genre scenes..

After his father's death, Joseph openly declared his intention to become a painter. In 1839, he enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels and, in 1841, he formally became a student of Navez with whom he studied about 4 to 5 years.

In 1847, he won the Prix de Rome, a scholarship for arts students which allowed him to travel to Rome to study. He made the traditional trip via France. But the French Revolution of 1848 prevented him from staying in Paris. So he continued his itinerary, accompanied by , visiting Turin, Genoa, Pisa and Florence, before arriving in Rome on 22 May 1848. There too, the Revolutions of 1848 were wreaking havoc and hampering the two artists' studies. They wanted to visit Greece, but they were prevented from leaving Rome and had to live through the turmoil in a state of constant agony. In Rome he became acquainted with Alexandre Cabanel and was influenced by Raphael.  Stallaert stayed in Italy until 1852 travelling back through Livorno, Florence, Venice and Germany.

In 1852, he became Director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Tournai. His mentor Navez exerted some influence to obtain a contract for him to do a painting for the Brussels Town Hall.  He painted the medieval subject of The death of Everaard t'Serclaes in 1854. He married Louise-Henriette Delbruyère on 22 June 1856 in Tournai. He obtained a gold medal at the Brussels Salon of 1860. In 1865, he was selected to be the first teacher of "Drawing and Painting from Nature" at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels. He held several important positions at the Brussels Academy over the next thirty years.

In 1895, following the death of Jean-François Portaels, he became Acting Director of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Brussels. Three months later, on the basis of seniority, he became Director. His term of office ended in 1898 and he was succeeded by the sculptor Charles van der Stappen. Under the City Council rule that set the mandatory retirement age at 70, Stallaert left the school and received a pension in 1900.

Honours
 1881: Officer in the Order of Leopold.

References

External links

1825 births
1903 deaths
19th-century Belgian painters
Belgian male painters
19th-century Belgian male artists
Belgian neoclassical painters
19th-century painters of historical subjects
Academic staff of the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts
19th-century Belgian male artists
Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts alumni
Prix de Rome (Belgium) winners


title: Badminton at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles

text:
The women's singles badminton event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games took place between July 29 and August 3 at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow. The defending Commonwealth Games Games champion was Saina Nehwal of India, but did not compete in this year's games, after withdrawing due to injury.

Seeds
The seeds for the tournament were:

Results

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

Women's singles
2014 in women's badminton


title: Frank Wesson Rifles

text:
Frank Wesson rifles were a series of single-shot rifles manufactured between 1859 and 1888 in Worcester, Massachusetts.  They were purchased by many state governments during the American Civil War, including Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio. They were one of the first rifles to use rimfire metallic cartridges.

The rifles were initially made in .22, .32, .38, and .44 rimfire.  Centerfire cartridges were added later, and some rifles were capable of firing rimfire or centerfire cartridges, by altering an adjustment on the hammer.

History of the rifle

By 1859, there were a number of single-shot breech-loading rifles available to the American military and public.  These included the Sharps rifle (1848), the Smith carbine (1857), and others.  Those most suitable for military use were loaded through the breech, but required a separate percussion cap to ignite the cartridge.

Copper rimfire cartridges which contained their own primer were introduced just prior to the American Civil War. Only a few manufacturers came out with guns which could use this ammunition; these included the Henry repeating rifle (cartridge introduced in 1860), Spencer repeating rifle, Maynard carbine, Frank Wesson rifles, and Ballard rifles. The .44 caliber Frank Wesson and Ballard rifles could use the same cartridge as each other, and these cartridges were very close in size to the .44 Henry rimfire.

The Frank Wesson rifle was the first breech-loading rifle designed for these metallic cartridges.

Frank Wesson (1828–1899) and N.S. Harrington were granted patent 25,926, 'Improvement in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms' in 1859, and Frank Wesson was granted patent 36,925, 'Improvement in Breech-Loading Fire-Arms' in 1862.

The 1862 patent added the use of a slotted link to stop the barrel from pivoting too far, which made the gun much easier and quicker to load.  The carbine with a 24-inch barrel weighed only 6 pounds, low weight being desirable in a weapon to be carried by cavalry.  The 28 and 34 inch barrel models weighing 7 and 8 pounds respectively.

By 1866, twenty thousand Frank Wesson rifles had been made, of which 8,000 were military.

Shooting Trials

On October 7, 1863, at the Missouri State Fair, in a contest between three infantry companies, shots fired from a Wesson rifle hit a man-sized target 45 times out of 100, at a distance of 300 yards.  In a trial at St. Louis, competing against other rifles, a man-sized target was hit 56 times out of 100, the second best rifle scoring 10 of 100.  At the Massachusetts State trial of breech-loading weapons, at Readville, 20 shots in a row hit a target at 200 yards, and 50 shots were fired in 4 minutes.  A Dr. I.J. Wetherbee, of Boston, shot a string of 12 shots at 110 yards, with telescopic sights, with a 34-inch barreled breech-loading rifle.  His target is shown here.

The rifle was also tested at Leavenworth, Kansas, and by General P.F. Robinson, Kentucky.

Use during the American Civil War

Between 3000 and 4000 of these carbines were used by the military during the war.  Over 2000 Wesson rifles were sold to militia in the states of Kentucky and Illinois. 44 caliber carbines were purchased by individuals and state governments during the Civil War.  Many of these weapons were sold through a company called Kittredge & Co, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who have their name stamped on the barrel of these weapons.

In July 1862, Brigadier-General J. T. Boyle of Kentucky complained about Gallagher guns, calling them 'worthless'.  He stated that 'They snap often, the cartridge hangs in after firing; difficult to get the exploded cartridges out often with screw-driver; men throw them away and take musket or any other arm.  They are unquestionably worthless.'  He then requested 'Sharps, Wessons, Ballards, or any other kind of carbine.'  He mentioned that Wesson carbines can be had for $25 or less from Cincinnati.

The Wesson carbine was used primarily by the Union armies, as the Confederacy did not manufacture rim fire cartridges.  However, in November 1862, the Confederacy did arrange for the smuggling of 10 Wesson rifles, and 5,000 cartridges to Texas, via Cuba.  These rifles were smuggled by Harris Hoyt, who was brought to trial in January 1865.  The rifles at that time cost $25 each, the cartridges $11 per thousand.

Wesson carbines were in use at battle of Gettysburg in 1863, and at the battle of Westport in 1864.

In January 1863, the state of Ohio had 150 Wesson carbines on hand.  At that time, they also had 54,000 Wesson cartridges. The 11th Cavalry regiment was issued 100 Wesson carbines and 400 Spencer repeating rifles.  The states of Kentucky and Illinois purchased 2000 for their state militias.

In July 1863, in a letter to Major S.B. Shaw, St. Louis, Mo, T.F. Robinson, Quartermaster-General of Kentucky reported that portions of two Kentucky regiments had been armed with the "Wesson Cartridge Rifle", were pleased with it, and would not exchange it for any other rifle.

Following the Lawrence Massacre on August 21, 1863, the surviving men formed a rifle company, using Wesson rifles.  These weapons, along with their revolvers were carried at all times.

Kentucky purchased 1366 Wesson carbines, Indiana purchased 760 for their cavalry, from B. Kittredge & Co., Cincinnati, and the numbers for Ohio, Kansas and Missouri are not known.  Individual soldiers of Kansas and Missouri purchased an unknown number of these rifles. Missouri had over 690 in their regimental armories in 1864.

In 1862, the 7th Kentucky Cavalry was issued 500 Wesson carbines at a price of $25 each. In the summer of 1863, individuals from the 11th Regiment, 1st Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, purchased 200 Wesson rifles.  Companies I and L were also issued Wesson rifles by the state.  At least 300 individuals from the 5th Missouri State Militia (MSM) Cavalry purchased this weapon during the war, some of which were used during Price's Raid.  In that raid, the men of the 5th were placed on specific parts of the battlefield in order to take advantage of their more rapid rate of fire.  Troopers from the 3rd MSM also carried Wesson carbines.  At that time, the cost of this carbine was $40 each.  The 48th Illinois Infantry carried an unknown number of Wesson carbines, and ran out of ammunition for these rifles during the Battle of Ezra Church (part of the Atlanta campaign) on July 28, 1864.  During that battle, some regiments expended 100 bullets per soldier.  At the Battle of Westport, also during Price's Raid, some men of the 19th Kansas State Militia carried this rifle.

Advantages of rimfire breech-loading rifles

The primary advantages of rimfire breech-loading rifles during the American Civil War were that the rifle could be loaded easily, that the ammunition was self-contained, and that the ammunition was relatively weather-proof.

Most rifles used during the American Civil War were muzzle loading rifles.  To load these rifles, powder would be poured into the muzzle, a patch would be placed around the ball or Minie ball, the ball would be forced down the barrel using a ramrod, the ramrod would be replaced, a percussion cap would be pressed onto a nipple on the rifle, and the hammer would be drawn back.

To load these rifles quickly, it was necessary for the soldier to stand.  This made these rifles difficult to use for cavalry, which required that the cavalry typically be dismounted if using muzzle loading rifles.  Breech loading rifles, on the other hand, could be loaded while mounted on horseback.

Most rifles, including some that were breech-loading, also used a percussion cap, which required that the soldier carry percussion caps in addition to other ammunition requirements.  These requirements would have been powder, bullets, patches, and percussion caps.  A soldier using a Frank Wesson or Henry rifle would have only needed to carry cartridges.

For rifles which used separate ball and powder, the ball and powder would be contained in a paper cartridge.  In wet weather, these cartridges were easily damaged.  The copper cartridges used by Henry, Wesson, Ballard and others tolerated moisture better, and were more impervious to wet conditions.

Sales and use following the American Civil War

Frank Wesson rifles continued to be made until 1888. On November 21, 1877, Buffalo Bill, following one of his Wild West shows, competed with Lincoln C. Daniels, a marksman. Both competitors were using new Wesson rifles. Other members in his troupe also used Wesson rifles. The competition was held in Worcester, Massachusetts, where the Wesson factory was located.

In 1867, the War Department authorized sale of many weapons, including 19,551 weapons at the Leavenworth arsenal in Kansas.  This sale included Wesson carbines, as well as many other revolvers, rifles and carbines of the period (29 different types).

In 1869, the War Department purchased far fewer weapons of all kinds than it had in the Civil War.  Only three Frank Wesson carbines were purchased during the year, for $20 each. At the same time, it purchased, or had modified 13,098 Sharps carbines (listed as 'Sharps carbines, altered'), at approximately $4 each.

As late as 1873, Indiana still had 716 Kittredge marked Wesson carbines in their armory.  In June 1873, Kentucky had 314 of these carbines, and in August 1875, had 298 of these rifles in good condition, erroneously recorded as 'Smith & Wesson rifles, calibre .44', though they were Wesson carbines.  These rifles were stored in their state arsenal.

Bullets from a Frank Wesson rifle were found at the Hembrillo Battlefield (1880), New Mexico; and at the Battle of Little Big Horn (1876), Montana.

Rifle models

On all 'two-trigger' models, the front trigger opened the rifle, the rear trigger fired it.
The following models of rifles were made by Frank Wesson.  Dates are approximate.  Military models had a three position sight, for 100, 250 and 500 yards.

Two-trigger models

Models:
 1st Type - a slotted link to keep the barrel from swinging too high was on the right hand side of the rifle.  In later years of this model, an extractor was on the left hand side.  The frames were iron or brass. (1859-1864)
 2nd Type - the slotted link moved to the left hand side of the rifle, the extractor moved to the right side.  Iron frames only. (1863-1876)
 3rd Type - an adjustable hammer, patented in 1872, was available for rimfire or centerfire. (1872-1888)
 4th Type (aka Mid Range No. 2) - globe front sight replaced the German silver sight. (1872-1888)
 5th Type (aka New Model) - Frame was flat on vertical sides to the left and right of the hammer mechanism.(1876-1888)

Calibers of Ammunition

The Wesson rifle was available in .22, 32, .38 rimfire and .44 rimfire.  It was also available in 30-30 Wesson and .44 Wesson Extra Long.

See also

Sharps rifle, .56 calibre
Maynard carbine, .50 calibre, requires percussion cap
Smith carbine, .50 calibre, requires percussion cap
Henry rifle, .44 calibre
H & R Firearms
Rifles in the American Civil War

References

Rifles of the United States
Guns of the American West
American Civil War rifles
Carbines
Early rifles
Single-shot rifles
Hunting rifles


title: Edoardo Agnelli (entrepreneur, born 1831)

text:
Edoardo Agnelli (18 July 1831 – 7 November 1871) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician.

Biography
Edoardo Carlo Tommaso Agnelli, better known as Edoardo Agnelli, was the youngest son of Giuseppe Francesco Agnelli and Anna Maria Maggia. He was the father of Giovanni Agnelli, co-founder of Fiat S.p.A. At birth, he was baptized at home with the Superior's permission and six days later in the Church of San Carlo in Turin. His godparents were Tommaso Ferrero and Anna Maria Chiarini.

Agnelli participated in the administration of Villar Perosa and was a member of the city board since 1866. He became a protagonist of the city life in the Turin of his time. He was also active in the cultural field by joining the Society for Promotion of the Fine Arts.

Marriage and descendants
In 1865, Agnelli married Aniceta Frisetti, who belonged to a wealthy family and with whom he had three children:
 Giovanni, co-founder of Fiat, who was born in Villar Perosa on 13 August 1866 and died in Turin on 16 December 1945.
 Carolina, who was born in the house of Via Cernaia 30 in Turin on 11 April 1868 and died at an early age.
 Felicita Carola Anna Giustina Maria, who was born in Villar Perosa on 3 November 1869 and died at a young age on 22 February 1871.

References

Further reading

1831 births
1871 deaths
Edoardo 1
Businesspeople from Turin
Fiat people
Politicians from Turin


title: Inverted Dirichlet distribution

text:
In statistics,  the inverted Dirichlet distribution is a multivariate generalization of the beta prime distribution, and is related to the Dirichlet distribution.  It was first described by Tiao and Cuttman in 1965.

The distribution has a density function given by

The distribution has applications in statistical regression and arises naturally when considering the multivariate Student distribution.  It can be characterized by its mixed moments:

provided that  and .

The inverted Dirichlet distribution is conjugate to the negative multinomial distribution if a generalized form of odds ratio is used instead of the categories' probabilities- if the negative multinomial parameter vector is given by , by changing parameters of the negative multinomial to  where .

T. Bdiri et al. have developed several models that use the inverted Dirichlet distribution to represent and model non-Gaussian data.  They have introduced finite  and infinite  mixture models of inverted Dirichlet distributions using the Newton–Raphson technique to estimate the parameters and the Dirichlet process to model infinite mixtures.
T. Bdiri et al. have also used the inverted Dirichlet distribution to propose an approach to generate Support Vector Machine kernels  basing on Bayesian inference  and another approach to establish hierarchical clustering.

References

Multivariate continuous distributions
Conjugate prior distributions
Exponential family distributions
Continuous distributions


title: Kulindadromeus

text:
Kulindadromeus was a herbivorous dinosaur, a basal neornithischian from the Middle Jurassic. The first Kulindadromeus fossil was found in Russia. Its feather-like integument is evidence for protofeathers being basal to Ornithischia and possibly Dinosauria as a whole, rather than just to Coelurosauria, as previously suspected.

Discovery and naming

In 2014, the type species Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus was named and described by Pascal Godefroit, Sofia Sinitsa, Danielle Dhouailly, Yuri Bolotsky, Alexander Sizov, Maria McNamara, Michael Benton, and Paul Spagna. The generic name is derived from the Kulinda sites and Classical Greek δρομεύς, dromeus, "runner". The specific name refers to the Zabaykalsky Krai.

The holotype, INREC K3/109, was found in a layer of the Ukureyskaya Formation dating from the Middle to Late Jurassic, Bajocian-Tithonian, with the specific bed likely dating to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic, between 168 and 166 million years ago. It consists of a partial skull with lower jaws. The volcanic ash layers of the formation form a Konservat-Lagerstätte with an exceptional preservation. Since 2010, the area has brought forth considerable amounts of additional fossil material, including subadult and juvenile individuals. In 2014, based on fossils from this material, the genera Kulindapteryx and Daurosaurus were named. According to Godefroit, this publication was based on stolen specimens, and should be ignored. The material consists of six skulls, and hundreds of disarticulated skeletons found in two bone beds. Each skeletal element shows a single morphotype and Godefroit et al. concluded, contrary to the earlier publication, that the bone beds are
monospecific, containing but a single species.

Description

Kulindadromeus was a small ornithischian, measuring  long and weighing . Like other early neornithischians, Kulindadromeus was a bipedal runner, with a short head, short forelimbs, long hindlimbs and a long tail.

The describers of Kulindadromeus established some distinguishing traits. The front ascending branch of the maxilla is much lower than the rear ascending branch. The fenestra maxillaris is larger than the antorbital fenestra, the usually more extensive skull opening in the snout side. The branch of the jugal towards the postorbital is notched. The postorbital has a rear branch that is vertically expanded. The rear blade of the ilium is slender in side view. The second, third and fourth metatarsals have deep grooves for the tendons of the extensor muscles.

Various specimens of Kulindadromeus show large parts of its integument. This includes imbricated rows of scales on top of its tail and also a covering of scales branching into feather-like structures, which until its discovery were thought to be exclusive to the Theropoda, of the saurischian line. The feather remains discovered are of three types, adding a level of complexity to the evolution of feathers in dinosaurs. The first type consists of hair-like filaments covering the trunk, neck and head. These are up to three centimetres long and resemble the stage 1 "dino-fuzz" already known from theropods like Sinosauropteryx. The second type is represented by groups of six or seven downwards-projecting filaments up to 1.5 centimetres long, originating from a base plate. These are present on the upper arm and thigh. They resemble the type 3 feathers of theropods. The base plates are ordered in a hexagonal pattern but do not touch each other. The third type is unique. It was found on the upper lower legs and consists of bundles of six or seven ribbon-like structures, up to two centimetres long. Each ribbon is constructed from about ten parallel filaments up to 0.1 millimetres wide.

There are also three types of scales. Overlapping hexagonal scales, up to 3.5 millimetres in diameter, are present on the lower shins. Small round non-overlapping scales, less than one millimetre in cross-section, cover the hands, ankles and feet. The top of the tail is covered by five longitudinal rows of arched rectangular scales, measuring up to one by two centimetres. With these scales the trailing edge of each scale slightly overlaps the front edge of the scale behind it. In the middle, to the contrary, a small spur projects forward, covering the trailing edge of the preceding scale. This way an imbricated row is formed. The scale surface is smooth and the thickness is limited, less than 0.1 millimetres. The authors considered it unlikely these structures were ossified scutes or osteoderms. Towards the rear of the tail, the scales become smaller and more rounded; they then no longer overlap each other.

The specimens assigned to Daurosaurus and Kulindapteryx also include preserved integument on the humerus: "oval platy scales" and bristles. The latter reportedly has longer bristles.

Classification

According to a cladistic analysis performed by the describing authors, Kulindadromeus is a basal member of the Neornithischia, placed just above Hexinlusaurus in the evolutionary tree. It is the sister species of the Cerapoda.

Implications

Godefroit et al. concluded that the filaments earlier reported in Ornithischia, with Psittacosaurus and Tianyulong, could be homologous to the "protofeathers" found in non-avian theropods. With known feather-like structures in pterosaurs, there is evidence for it being basal to Ornithodira. An attempt to reconstruct the likely ancestral state of dinosaurs found it to be likely that both Ornithodira and Dinosauria were ancestrally scaly, however, this result was only obtained when assuming that early pterosaurs were scaly.

A comment on Godefroit et al. argues that the filamentous structures described at Kulindadromeus don't resemble protofeathers, rather they suggest it to be degraded collagen fibers. Pascal Godefroit and colleagues reply "If, according to Lingham-Soliar’s hypothesis, those filaments represent collagen fibers or fiber bundles, it is surprising that they are not preserved in the numerous (more than 20) partial or whole tails of Kulindadromeus, given that the tail should have contained particularly high amounts of collagen for structural support. Moreover, Lingham-Soliar fails to explain how scales should be selectively degraded and/or dislocated around the humerus and femur but never around the distal tibia and tail". Further, they state that the described morphology of the integument are not consistent with degraded collagen fibers, as the filaments are widely spaced.

In culture

Kulindadromeus is featured on the flag and coat of arms of Russia's Chernyshevsky District, where it was discovered.

References

Neornithischians
Ornithischian genera
Feathered dinosaurs
Bathonian life
Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia
Jurassic Russia
Fossils of Russia
Fossil taxa described in 2014
Taxa named by Pascal Godefroit


title: Jacqueline Cabaj Awad

text:
Jacqueline Cabaj Awad (; born 28 January 1996) is a Swedish tennis player.

She has won nine singles and 13 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 September 2017, she achieved her best singles ranking of world No. 458. On 31 October 2022, she peaked at No. 247 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Cabaj Awad made her WTA Tour debut at the 2013 Swedish Open, having received a wildcard with Cornelia Lister into the doubles draw. They lost to Marina Melnikova and Ksenia Palkina in the first round.

Playing for Sweden Billie Jean King Cup team, she has a win-loss record of 9–11.

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 14 (9 titles, 5 runner-ups)

Doubles: 29 (13 titles, 16 runner-ups)

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Eskilstuna
Swedish female tennis players
Swedish people of Lebanese descent
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
21st-century Swedish women
21st-century Swedish people


title: Hazara orthonairovirus

text:
In 1954 the Hazara orthonairovirus, one of the 34 tick-borne viruses of the genus Orthonairovirus, was discovered in Pakistan in the Ixodes tick native to that region. Today this virus is studied in mice in an attempt to develop treatments for the highly pathogenic Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.

Characteristics
The Hazara orthonairovirus is part of the genus Orthonairovirus of the Bunyavirales order of viruses, which are an order of enveloped negative-stranded RNA viruses with a genome split into three parts—Small (S), Middle (M) and Large (L). The L RNA segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface glycoproteins (Gc and Gn), and the S RNA segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N). The three genomic RNA segments are encapsidated by copies of the N protein in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The N protein is the most abundant viral protein in Bunyaviridae virus particles and infected cells and, therefore, the main target in many serological and molecular diagnostics.

Transmission
Hazara orthonairovirus is spread by the Ixodes redikorzevi tick. The tick is commonly found on an alpine vole inhabiting the Hazara District of Pakistan.

Signs and symptoms
Hazara orthonairovirus does not cause disease or symptoms in humans. In laboratory mice, symptoms can mirror those of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis in rodents is made by detecting Hazara orthonairovirus antibodies in the serum.

Clinical importance
Hazara virus is in the same Nairovirus serogroup as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV), and has similar disease progression to that seen in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) infections in suckling mice and in the interferon receptor knockout mouse model  This indicates that Hazara orthonairovirus could represent a valid model for CCHFV infection.

This finding is particularly important because using the Hazara orthonairovirus (biosafety level 2) as a model allows scientists to investigate this serogroup of viruses for the development of antivirals, without having to work in a biosafety level 4 environment, which is the highest available level of biosecurity, and is mandatory when working with intact CCHFV. While CCHFV is the most important human pathogen in this serogroup, Hazara research is potentially useful in the development of antiviral medications for all viruses in the genus Nairovirus.

References

Nairoviridae


title: Eddie Reeve

text:
Edward Gordon Reeve (born 3 December 1947) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for Brentford. He later managed Hounslow in non-League football.

Playing career

Brentford
Reeve began his career in the youth team at Third Division club Brentford. Just over a week after turning 18, he made his debut for the club in a 2–0 defeat to Mansfield Town on 11 December 1965. A disastrous 1965–66 season saw the Bees relegated to the Fourth Division for 1966–67 and Reeve broke through into the team, making 22 appearances. Due to financial problems at Brentford causing the reserve team to be folded, Reeve departed to gain further experience at fellow Fourth Division club Lincoln City, but failed to make an appearance. He made just two appearances during the 1967–68 season before his departure. Reeve made 26 appearances in all competitions for Brentford.

Los Angeles Wolves
Reeve moved to the United States in 1968 to join Los Angeles Wolves for the inaugural season of the North American Soccer League.

Non-League football
Reeve returned to England in 1969 and played in non-League football for Hillingdon Borough, Enfield, Hounslow and Woking. He was awarded a testimonial by Hillingdon Borough in 1975.

Managerial career
Reeve managed Southern League South Division club Hounslow in the early 1980s.

Personal life
Reeve's brother Geoff was also a footballer and signed a schoolboy contract with Brentford in September 1966.

Career statistics

Honours
Enfield
 Isthmian League First Division: 1976–77

References

1947 births
Living people
Footballers from Hounslow
English men's footballers
Brentford F.C. players
English Football League players
Los Angeles Wolves players
Enfield F.C. players
Hounslow F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Hounslow F.C. managers
Southern Football League players
Isthmian League players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football inside forwards
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Hillingdon Borough F.C. players
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate men's footballers
English football managers


The 2003 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament took place from March 5–8, 2003 at the North Charleston Coliseum in North Charleston, South Carolina. The East Tennessee State Buccaneers defeated their in-state rival Chattanooga in the championship game to win their fifth title in school history and receive the automatic berth to the 2003 NCAA tournament. Tim Smith of ETSU was named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.

Format
All twelve teams were eligible for the tournament. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of four rounds, the first of which featured four games, with the winners moving on to the quarterfinal round. The top two finishers in each division received first round byes.

Bracket

* Overtime game

See also
List of Southern Conference men's basketball champions

References

Tournament
Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
Southern Conference men's basketball tournament
Southern Conference men's basketball tournament


title: The Secret World (radio series)

text:
The Secret World is a comedy radio series using impressionists broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Using many of the creative team from the long-running series Dead Ringers, and originating as part of Radio 4's Happy Mondays pilot strand in 2008, the Secret World takes a subtler, more naturalistic approach, using famous figures in various bizarre yet humdrum situations, the comedy arising from the juxtapositions of contrasting characters and situations.

Sketches
Sketches include:
 An ever-humble Jools Holland dealing with various situations, often with other-familiar fans. (Series 1)
 Alan Sugar as a therapist, with clients including Ringo Starr worrying that the Beatles may be over, and a post-PM Tony Blair concerned about his worth. (Series 1)
 Rolf Harris is revealed as Banksy. (Series 1)
 Gordon Brown – usually in the bath – consulting with Alistair Darling about how to appear humorous in public. (Series 1)
 Bill Gates trying to recruit a friend. (Series 1)
 John Humphrys dealing with a new Health and Safety culture at the BBC. (Series 1)
 Peter Mandleson attempting to demonstrate his delusionally imagined superhuman skills. (Series 1)
 The Arctic Monkeys obsessed with Woman's Hour. (Series 1)
 Morrissey arguing with various people about petty linguistic errors. (Series 1)
 William Hague's domestic concerns. (Series 1)
 Richard Dawkins trying to launch a singing career. (Series 1–2)
 Boy George and Abu Hamza al-Masri bonding while sharing a jail cell. (Series 1–2)
 Ray Winstone, Bob Hoskins and Ross Kemp in various scrapes - including getting trapped in a duvet, and being besieged by a ladybird. (Series 1–2)
 Al Pacino relentlessly regaling John Humphrys with conspiracy theories. (Series 2)
 David Beckham tries to commission a rainbow from James Cameron and a real dinosaur from Steven Spielberg for his children's party. (Series 2)
 David Attenborough in meetings with young BBC executives who wish to dumb-down and sex-up his documentaries. (Series 2)
 Alan Bennett responding to spam emails in his characteristic style. (Series 2–3)
 The Archbishop of Canterbury comes to terms with social media. (Series 3)
 Brian Cox is stalked by various female Radio 4 presenters. (Series 3)
 Danny Boyle applies his grand theatrical ambitions to a village pantomime. (Series 3)
 Peter Sallis invents a new type of fuel, only to be foiled by a conspiracy. (Series 3)
The sketches and characters often overlap to create an interwoven narrative during the episode.

The series won the Gold award for Best Comedy the 2014 Radio Academy Awards. The organisers explained: "The judges felt that the greatest joy of The Secret World was in the sharpness of the writing and the highly entertaining performances. This wasn't just satire. It was satire with great imagination. Eavesdropping on the imagined lives of the famous, set in fanciful situations, provided the perfect vehicle for the team's excellent impressionist skills which stayed in the judges' minds long after the programme was over."

References

External links
 Episode Guide

BBC Radio comedy programmes
BBC Radio 4 programmes