title: USS Enterprise fire

text:
The 1969 USS Enterprise fire was a major fire and series of explosions that broke out aboard  on January 14, 1969, off the coast of Oahu, Hawaii. The fire started when a Zuni rocket detonated under a plane's wing. It spread as more munitions exploded, blowing holes in the flight deck that allowed burning jet fuel to enter the ship. 28 sailors were killed, 314 were injured, 15 aircraft were destroyed, and the total cost of aircraft replacement and shipboard repair was over $126 million (roughly $1.017 billion adjusted for inflation in 2022). The damage was lessened somewhat by improvements made after the similar 1967 USS Forrestal fire.

Background
, built between 1958 and 1961, was the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. Its enormous construction cost caused the cancellation of the five other carriers planned for the class.

Enterprise departed Alameda, California, on January 6, 1969, for its fourth deployment to Vietnam and its eighth deployment overall. On January 14, the ship was off the coast of Hawaii conducting a final battle drill and Operational Readiness Inspection (ORI) before steaming for Vietnam. Additional personnel were aboard Enterprise to observe the ORI.

Fire

About 8:18 a.m., Enterprise was turning to port to conduct flight operations. On the stern sat a McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II armed with Zuni rockets. The exhaust from an MD-3A "Huffer", a tractor-mounted unit used to start aircraft, heated one of the Zunis until it exploded, detonating its  warhead of Composition B explosive. The explosion perforated the aircraft's fuel cells and ignited the leaking JP-5 jet fuel. About one minute later, three more Zuni rockets exploded; these blasts blew holes into the flight deck, allowing the burning jet fuel to pour into the level below. Captain Kent Lee, commanding officer of Enterprise, directed the port turn to continue after the first explosion, steering the ship into the wind to blow smoke away from the ship.

About three minutes after the initial explosion, a bomb exploded on the burning Phantom, blowing a hole in the flight deck that measured about . The heat ignited additional fires on the lower level, and debris caused holes in the deck which allowed burning fuel to spread farther, entering the two lower levels and eventually the first deck. This explosion also severed nearby firehoses and damaged and rendered inoperable the twin-agent units that provided firefighting foam to the area. Two  Mark 82 bombs soon detonated in succession. Several minutes after those detonations, a bomb rack exploded with three Mark 82 bombs. This blast tore a hole into the flight deck about  in diameter and ruptured a  fuel tank mounted on a KA-3B tanker aircraft; the ensuing fireball spread the fire farther. A total of 18 explosions occurred, blowing eight holes into the flight deck and beyond.

The nuclear-powered cruiser  and destroyer  came to the stricken carrier's aid. It took the combined crews of the three ships about four hours to extinguish the fires.

Aftermath
Bainbridge escorted Enterprise to Pearl Harbor that afternoon. After 51 days of repairs, Enterprise continued its regularly scheduled deployment. The carrier returned to Alameda on July 2, 1969.

This was the last of three major fires to befall U.S. aircraft carriers in the 1960s. It followed a fire aboard USS Oriskany on October 26, 1966, that killed 44 sailors and injured 156 more; and a fire aboard USS Forrestal on July 29, 1967, that killed 134 sailors and injured 161.  The Forrestal fire was also started by a Zuni rocket which was accidentally launched into parked aircraft by a power surge, igniting a fuel fire that began to "cook off"  bombs. Procedural improvements after the Forrestal fire helped reduce damage and casualties in the Enterprise fire.

Investigation
A JAG Manual investigation began immediately after the fire, in accordance with Navy policy. The investigation determined that the initial explosion was caused by the huffer exhaust overheating the Zuni rocket. Investigators also determined that an airman had observed the exhaust and had raised concerns about the placement of the huffer, but personnel were involved in other tasks and may not have completely understood what was being said due to the ambient noise on the flight deck. However, the investigators also noted that moving the unit might not have prevented the initial explosion due to the estimated temperature of the rocket by that time. The investigation also revealed that flight deck personnel did not have an understanding of ordnance cook-off times or an appreciation of the hazards posed by live ordnance on the flight deck.

The Forrestal investigation revealed that only half of the ship's crew and none of the air wing had attended firefighting school. When the Enterprise fire erupted, 96 percent of the ship's crew had attended firefighting training, along with 86 percent of the air wing. Lack of redundancies in communication systems and firefighting components were deemed to have hurt firefighting operations. Further factors included a lack of communication between the Air Boss (who was responsible for flight and hangar deck firefighting) and the Damage Control Assistant (who was responsible for all other firefighting operations), and overloading the firefighting system by activating multiple systems at once.

Investigators generally praised the firefighting operation aboard Enterprise. Specific praise was given to the medical department, who were credited with saving countless lives, and to the establishment of a damage-control training team that helped with damage-control training. Enterprise had also established a competitive program between its repair parties to increase effectiveness. Praise was also directed to the captain of USS Rogers, who navigated his ship within feet of Enterprise to aid firefighting efforts.

The investigators recommended a redesign of the air-start unit to vent the exhaust upward instead of to the side. They also recommended educating flight deck personnel on ordnance cook-off temperatures and times, and increasing the length of the hose that delivers the air from the huffer to the aircraft. Other recommendations included: install redundant communication and control systems, improve communication between key senior personnel, and redesign the head covering worn by flight deck firefighters. Investigators also recommended cross-training shipboard dentists as anesthetists, as one had been assigned to Enterprise which allowed the medical department to perform additional emergency surgery during the fire.

References

Maritime incidents in 1969
Non-combat naval accidents
Ship fires
Fires in the United States
January 1969 events in the United States
1969 fires in the United States
Explosions in 1969
United States Navy in the Vietnam War
United States Navy in the 20th century
Aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
Aircraft carrier fires
1969 in Hawaii
1969 disasters in the United States


title: Nigerian National Health Research Ethics Committee

text:
The National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC) is a national body advising the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health, as well as State Ministries, on ethical issues concerning research. The NHREC is responsible for setting norms and standards for the conduct of human and animal research. For this purpose, it drafted the National Code for Health Research Ethics. It is also tasked with the registration and auditing of Nigerian health research ethics committees.

As of 12 August 2014, the NHREC chair is Clement Adebamowo.

History
The NHREC was inaugurated in October 2005 by the Nigerian Minister of Health on presidential directives, as an offshoot of the Health Research Ethics Committee that had been in existence since the early 1980s.

Its Code of Health Research Ethics was approved by the National Council on Health in its 50th Annual Meeting in January 2007.

Important statements
On 9 August 2014, the NHREC issued a statement on the use of experimental drugs during the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak. The statement further specified that administrative requirements normally limiting the international shipping of biological samples out of the country would be lifted for the duration of the outbreak.

In February 2015 Clement Adebamowo, the chairman of the committee stressed that considering real human and social factors was vital for stemming the Ebola outbreak: “Without appropriate and good quality community engagement, we may not succeed with our scientific interventions.”

See also
 Federal Ministries of Nigeria
 Health in Nigeria

References

External links
.

Medical and health organizations based in Nigeria


title: Chris Vail

text:
Chris Vail is a Canadian musician from Calgary, Alberta.

Discography

With Key To The City
2009: Owls Of Getchü (self-released/Saved By Radio)

With Vailhalen
2005: Pop Violence (Saved By Radio)
2004: Becs d'Oiseaux (Saved By Radio)

With XL Birdsuit
2003: Kisses (self-released/Saved By Radio)
2002: In Minotaur City (Flood Records)

With Shecky Formé
2001: 11 Objects Lost And Found (compilation) (Catch And Release)
2000: 002 (Boonbox)

References

1977 births
Living people
Canadian indie rock musicians


title: Spectral

text:
Spectral is a 2016 science fiction action film directed by Nic Mathieu. Written by himself, Ian Fried, and George Nolfi from a story by Fried and Mathieu. The film stars James Badge Dale, Max Martini, Emily Mortimer, Clayne Crawford, and Bruce Greenwood. The film was released worldwide on December 9, 2016 on Netflix. On February 1, 2017, Netflix released a prequel graphic novel of the film called Spectral: Ghosts of War which was made available digitally through the website ComiXology.

Plot

DARPA researcher Dr. Mark Clyne flies from Virginia to Moldova, the current deployment location of the US military in the ongoing Moldovan War, to be consulted on one of his creations, a line of hyperspectral imaging goggles that have been issued to troops there. After arriving at a US military airbase on the outskirts of Chișinău, he meets with US Army General Orland and CIA officer Fran Madison. They show him footage captured by the troops' goggles of a mysterious, translucent, humanoid apparition that kills almost instantaneously. Knowing it is not interference, Orland wants Clyne's expert opinion before forwarding the findings and footage to his superiors. Conversely, Madison believes the sightings to be members of the local insurgency wearing an advanced form of active camouflage and has orders from her superiors to retrieve a sample.

To get a clearer shot of the anomalies and identify them, both Clyne and Madison accompany a team of Delta Force operators into the field to find Utah team that went missing the day before. To capture a better image of the apparitions, Clyne mounts a larger, more powerful version of the hyperspectral camera on top of one of the armored personnel carriers. Upon arriving at the location, they discover all of the members of the Utah team (except one member named Comstock, who is found alive hiding under a bath tub) are dead along with the insurgents. They are ambushed by the apparitions, who, being impervious to small arms fire and explosives, inflict heavy casualties before the soldiers retreat. After landmines render their vehicles inoperable and kill Comstock, the group takes cover in an abandoned factory where they find two children barricaded inside. The apparitions attempt to follow them but are stopped by a barrier of iron shavings.  The children share that their father scattered the shavings to protect his children before he was killed. The survivors make contact with the airbase and set up a rendezvous. Clyne modifies the hyperspectral camera into a large searchlight, which enables the group to see the apparitions without the need for goggles. Clyne points out numerous crates of iron shavings lying around the factory, which the unit uses to turn their grenades into IEDs laced with iron shavings to give them a fighting chance. Fortified with these new weapons, the group sets out for the rendezvous point about a half-mile away from the factory. About an hour before the extraction time, the apparitions find a way to cross the barrier, forcing the survivors to leave the factory.

The apparitions chase the group, who uses the iron explosives to slow them down. Reinforcements and a helicopter evac join them at the rendezvous point, a largely abandoned plaza. However, they are ambushed by the apparitions and are barely able to escape as the figures kill one of the children and the soldiers sent as backup. Once safely in the air, they receive word from Orland that the apparitions have overrun the airbase, so they are redirected to a civilian bunker controlled by the allied Moldovan military. Thinking over what he learned from the young girl they have rescued, Clyne deduces the apparitions are likely man-made and are made of Bose-Einstein condensate, which explains their ability to move through walls, freeze people to death, and the inability to pass through iron shavings and ceramic materials (hence their inability to penetrate ceramic tank armor and Comstock's hiding place under the bath tub). Working overnight with Orland and surviving military engineers, he constructs several makeshift pulse weapons capable of breaking down the condensate. The next morning, the remaining American soldiers head to the Masarov power plant in the center of the city by V-22 Ospreys, as Clyne believes it is the only facility capable of generating the power needed to create the condensate.

While the soldiers mount an offensive distraction on the roof of the plant, Clyne and Madison descend down to a recently overrun laboratory inside. They deduce that scientists, working in weapons research for the former regime, were scanning humans on a molecular level and using advanced 3D printing to replicate them in condensate form. The human test subjects' brains and peripheral nervous systems were then removed and hooked up to a central machine that keeps the condensate copies (or "apparitions") alive. With the battle above threatening to release the remaining condensates, Clyne finally finishes activation of the failsafe system, which deactivates the condensate apparitions. Believing that whatever level of consciousness remaining is in pain, he unplugs the human remains from the machine, finally giving them peace.

With the apparitions gone, the US and allied Moldovan military continue their work of taking control of the city from the insurgents. A Department of Defense extraction team is to be sent back to the plant with the Delta Force operators to take the machinery apart and potentially use it for their own purposes. Saying goodbye to Madison and General Orland, Clyne boards a V-22 Osprey to be taken back home to Virginia.

Cast
 James Badge Dale as Clyne, a DARPA scientist
 Emily Mortimer as Fran Madison, a CIA officer who runs Delta Force operations in Moldova's war torn capital
 Max Martini as CPT Major Sessions, the leader of the Delta Force team
 Bruce Greenwood as General Orland, the leader of US Army troops deployed to fight in the Moldovan War
 Clayne Crawford as SGT Toll
 Gonzalo Menendez as Cabrera
 Ursula Parker as Sari, a young Moldovan girl
 Louis Ozawa Changchien as SGT Chen
 Cory Hardrict as Alessio
 Aaron Serban as Bogdan, Sari's little brother
 Dylan Smith as Talbot
 Jimmy Akingbola as McFadden
 Ryan Robbins as Comstock
 Stephen Root as Dr. Mindala
 Philip Bulcock as SGT Davis
 Royce Pierreson as Diaz
 Declan Hannigan as Hayden
 Mark O'Neal as Lewis
 Michael Bodie as Efrem

Production
During the summer of 2014, Legendary Pictures and Universal Pictures announced that commercials director Nic Mathieu would make his feature debut directing Fried's screenplay for the supernatural action film Spectral which would star James Badge Dale, Max Martini, Bruce Greenwood and Emily Mortimer. Described as a supernatural Black Hawk Down, Spectral centers on a special-ops team dispatched to fight supernatural beings who have taken over a European city.

Ian Fried wrote the original script, which was re-written by Mathieu, Jamie Moss, John Gatins and George Nolfi, who received sole screenwriting credit, with Mathieu and Fried receiving story credit.

Principal photography
Principal photography began on August 7, 2014. Shooting started on August 28, 2014 in various streets and buildings in Budapest, Hungary, relying extensively on practical effects and locations for an authentic, gritty atmosphere. Locations included Buda Castle, which served as the location of the landing zone scene, and Gellért Hill. Filming was completed in August 2015. Peter Jackson’s Weta Workshop produced the futuristic weapons and Weta Digital created the visual effects for the film.  Universal Pictures anticipated a release in August 2016 but decided against this and transferred the rights to Netflix which released it on December 9, 2016.

Release
Initially, Universal Pictures was going to distribute the film, setting an August 12, 2016 release date for the film. In June 2016, the film was pulled from the schedule. Netflix later acquired distribution rights to the film and released the film worldwide on December 9, 2016.

On February 1, 2017, Netflix released a prequel comic of the movie called Spectral: Ghosts of War made available digitally through the website ComiXology.

Critical reception
Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 78% based on 9 reviews, with an average rating of 5.70/10.

Writing for The Verge, Tasha Robinson summarises "It’s understandable that Netflix jumped at the chance to grab what was intended as a big-screen, large-scale thriller. But Spectral winds up feeling like a much smaller film, like something that was intended for a casual streaming experience all along."

References

Further reading
 The science of Spectral: Is that really how Bose–Einstein condensate behaves?  An actual Bose–Einstein condensate scientist reviews Spectral's science. Plus a response from the film's director, Nic Mathieu. Thilo Stöferle. July 18, 2017. Ars Technica.  Accessed June 4, 2021.

External links

 Spectral on Netflix

2016 films
2016 action thriller films
2016 directorial debut films
2016 science fiction action films
2010s war films
American 3D films
American action thriller films
American science fiction action films
English-language Netflix original films
Films produced by Thomas Tull
Films scored by Junkie XL
Films set in Moldova
Films shot in Budapest
Films with screenplays by George Nolfi
Legendary Pictures films
Military science fiction films
Techno-thriller films
2010s American films


title: Faetar language

text:
Faetar, fully known as Faetar-Cigliàje (Italian: ) is a variety of the Franco-Provençal language that is spoken in two small communities in Foggia, Italy: Faeto and Celle di San Vito, as well as émigré communities in Ontario, Canada (primarily Toronto and Brantford).

Although Faetar shares many similarities with other varieties of Franco-Provençal, as well as Italian, it is distinct from both. Because Faeto and Celle di San Vito have been isolated from the rest of Italy by the Daunian mountains, and also due to the influence of Irpinian dialects (spoken in almost all neighboring villages), Faetar has evolved and changed over the centuries into a distinct language.

After a large wave of emigration from Italy after the Second World War, many Faetano and Cellese settled in North America; with a relatively large group immigrating to Toronto, Canada. The language has been studied both in its native Italy, and in Toronto, because of its small number of speakers, its unique blend of Italian and Franco-Provençal features, and its changes brought on by language contact.

Although not given a distinct language code from Franco-Provençal, it is listed by UNESCO as "definitely endangered".

History

The Faetar language has its beginnings in the 13th century. A Franco-Provençal group of soldiers was sent to the district of Apulia in the Kingdom of Naples to fight the battle of Benevento of 1266. After the battle, some soldiers remained and established communities in the region. Celle di San Vito was founded as a monastery on the mountainside to avoid an outbreak of malaria down the mountain, and Faeto was founded either on 8 July 1268, or 20 October 1274 by an edict from Charles of Anjou.

In the 20th century, hundreds of Faetano and Cellese people left Italy and settled in the Toronto area of Canada, and in small pockets of the United States, such as upstate New York (The demonyms for the people from Faeto and Celle di San Vito are Faetani and Cellese, respectively). The Toronto community has been studied recently to examine the effects of language contact, and to study the differences between the language in Toronto and in Italy.

Language

There have been at least two dictionaries and one grammar published since 2000 that describe the Faetar language in Italian. It has also been studied extensively in English, French, and Italian  as a minority language, a language in contact, and for comparison with other Franco-Provençal languages.

Faetar's grammar is similar to most other Romance languages with articles that agree with masculine and feminine nouns, and verbs that are inflected with different endings for person, number, and tense. Because of these inflected verbs, pronouns are not necessary. However, Faetar has a unique pronoun characteristic in that it has two versions of each pronoun. There is a "strong" pronoun and a "weak" pronoun. In conversation, both the strong and the weak can be used together (the strong always comes first), or only the strong, or only the weak, or no pronoun at all. The weak can also appear after a noun. For example:

(1)  No overt subject pronoun

and that day, [Ø=I] was at the house

(2)  Weak pronoun

and it was vacant

(3)  Strong pronoun

No, he was always…

(4)  Strong + Weak pronoun

She-strong she-weak is my favourite

This case of strong and weak pronouns has been the source of much study as to what constrains, if anything, the choice of pronouns in a given phrase. This also makes Faetar a partial pro-drop language.

References

Franco-Provençal language
Languages of Apulia
Endangered diaspora languages
Endangered Romance languages
Languages of Canada
Culture of Toronto
Brantford
Italian-Canadian culture


title: Elliott Naishtat

text:
Elliott Naishtat (born February 15, 1945) is an American Democratic politician. He is a former member of the Texas House of Representatives from the 49th District, having served from 1991 until January 2017. Considered a liberal legislator, Naishtat focused on having a positive effect on health and human services, particularly the needs of low- and moderate-income people.

Early years
Born in New York, Naishtat received his bachelor's degree in Political Science from Queens College in 1965. Volunteering with VISTA in Johnson's War on Poverty, he was sent to Eagle Pass, Texas, where he organized residents to improve streets and access to water, but as he observed later, "we didn't eliminate poverty."   After completing his VISTA service, he moved to Austin and in 1972 obtained his Master of Science in Social Work (MSSW) with a concentration in Community Organization from the University of Texas at Austin, and his JD from the UT School of Law in 1982.

Naishtat worked for Senator Gonzalo Barrientos as staff counsel and later entered private practice. He  directed the U.T. School of Social Work's Legislative Training Program and served as chairman of Austin's Community Development Commission.

Texas legislator

In November 1990, Naishtat was elected to the District 49 seat in the Texas House of Representatives.  He served as chair of the House Human Services Committee for nearly a decade and also as Vice Chair of the Public Health Committee, and was a founding board member of the House Progressive Caucus.   He was re-elected twelve times and passed 330 bills during his 26-year career in the Texas House.

Two of Naishtat's most notable bills were the Nursing Home Regulatory Reform Act, which garnered national publicity, and the Medicaid Simplification Act, which enabled tens of thousands of children to get on Medicaid. Other bills included the  Newborn Hearing Screening Act, Landlord-Tenant Security Devices Act, Indoor Air Quality Act, Nursing Home Reform Act, Braille Literacy Act, Child Protective Services Act, and the Seniors' Property Tax Relief Act.
He also passed bills that created a statewide guardianship program, improved child labor law enforcement, and expanded protective services for elderly and disabled people.  Naishtat served as an advisor to the Texas Holocaust and Genocide Commission. He also sought a review the state's death penalty policies and supported medical uses of marijuana.

Recognition

Naishtat's accomplishments have been recognized by awards from multiple organizations, including the American Cancer Society, Texas Council on Family Violence, Sierra Club, Texas Public Health Association, AARP, American Foundation for the Blind, Texas Legal Services Center, Equality Texas, Common Cause, Texas CASA and Texas Freedom Network. In 1999, he received the Public Elected Official of the Year award from the National Association of Social Workers. In 2002, he received the National Consumer Health Advocate award from Families USA.  Naishtat received the President's Lifetime Achievement Award from the Corporation for National and Community Service, which oversees VISTA and AmeriCorps in December 2016. He has also been named Legislator of the Year by the Texas Apartment Association and one of Texas' Outstanding Public Servants by the Consumers Union, Public Citizen, Gray Panthers, and Texas Citizen Action.

References

External links
 Elliott Naishtat at the Texas Tribune

1945 births
Living people
Politicians from New York City
Democratic Party members of the Texas House of Representatives
Jewish American state legislators in Texas
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American Jews


title: Cytometry Part A

text:
Cytometry Part A is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the study of cytometry that was established in 1980.  It is the official journal of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Cytometry Part A focuses on molecular analysis of cellular systems as well as cell-based spectroscopic analyses and associated bioinformatics/computational methodologies.

Brian Mayall  was the journal's founding editor-in-chief until 1998. Jan Visser  and Charles Goolsby  subsequently succeeded Brian Mayall in this position. Attila Tarnok  has served as the Journal's editor-in-chief since 2007.

This journal was formerly known as Cytometry and first published in July 1980 with . It has been published with  since 2003. Cytometry Part A is associated with Cytometry Part B, .

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
 BIOSIS Previews
 Current Contents
 MEDLINE/PubMed
 Science Citation Index Expanded
 Scopus

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.355.

References

Flow cytometry
Wiley (publisher) academic journals
Academic journals established in 1980


title: Eve Dutton

text:
[Margaret] Eve Dutton (1928 – 14 October 2014) was an Australian Technical and further education college lecturer and former councillor of a local government area of Sydney, New South Wales. She was the first female mayor of the Municipality of Strathfield and Head, Design Branch, of Randwick College, Sydney Institute of TAFE.

Early life
Dutton attended Meriden School as a boarding student from the age of seven.

Teaching career
For 25 years, Dutton taught at the TAFE School of Art and Design. She became head of the design department at Randwick TAFE in 1978 and remained in that position until her retirement in 1986.

Municipal Council career
Dutton was an alderman on Strathfield Council from 1987 to 2000. She was Mayor of Strathfield in 1991–1992 and 1995–1996 and the first female to hold that position in the 112-year history of that council.

Death
Dutton died on 14 October 2014 in a Brisbane nursing home.

Publications
 A students' guide to model making: Model buildings and construction (Rushcutters Bay ; Oxford : Pergamon, 1970.)

Honours
 The Medal of the Order of Australia was awarded to her on 11 June 2007 for service to local government, and to the community through a range of aged care, charitable, educational and service groups.
 The Dutton Centre was opened by the Municipality of Strathfield on 3 December 2012 and named in her honour.

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Mayors of places in New South Wales
Women mayors of places in New South Wales


title: Osai

text:
Osai () is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by K. Vijayan. The film stars Mohan and Raadhika, with K. Balaji, Nalini, R. S. Manohar and Nizhalgal Ravi in supporting roles. It is a remake of the 1972 Hindi film Shor. The film was released on 23 October 1984.

Plot

Cast
 Mohan
 Raadhika
 Nalini
 R. S. Manohar
 Nizhalgal Ravi
 Thengai Srinivasan
 Manorama
 Bindu Ghosh
 Baby Shalini
 Poornam Viswanathan
 Kallapetti Singaram

Production
Osai marked the film debut of Shalini, though she began filming for Pillai Nila before.

Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by Shankar–Ganesh. The song "Ek Pyaar Ka Nagma" from the original Hindi film was retained in this version.

Reception
Jayamanmadhan of Kalki praised the acting of actors but panned Anuradha's dance and Mohan-Nalini's romance and concluded if we forget these negatives, this is not osai (sound), it is isai (music).

References

External links

1980s Tamil-language films
1984 films
Films directed by K. Vijayan
Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh
Tamil remakes of Hindi films


title: Sunshine Love

text:
Sunshine Love () is a 2013 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed by Jo Eun-sung, starring Oh Jung-se and Jo Eun-ji.

Plot
Han Gil-ho wants to become a public servant, but so far has failed the civil service exam. His real interest is writing a kung-fu comic book which he has titled I'm a Public Official, featuring a crime-fighting bureaucrat and his two nerdy friends (based on himself and his slacker friends Min-gu and Park). Gil-ho then meets Kim Jung-sook, when he tags along to a meeting where she berates Min-gu into taking responsibility for her pregnant best friend Seung-hee. Gil-ho and Jung-sook realize that they knew each other years ago in college, when she was geeky and similarly hot-tempered and Gil-ho couldn't stand her. After unexpectedly sleeping together after a party, the two begin dating and eventually move in together, with Jung-sook having a regular job as a manager at a water-purifying company. Gil-ho gets an offer from a comic book publisher, but his lack of ambition and inability to commit to anything start to take their toll on their relationship.

Cast
Oh Jung-se as Han Gil-ho
Jo Eun-ji as Kim Jung-sook
Song Sam-dong as Min-gu
Park Jae-cheol as Park
Lee Mi-do as Sung-hee
Kim Geun-ah as Jung-sook's mother

Critical reception
Derek Elley of Film Business Asia gave the film a grade of 7 out of 10, calling it an "unobtrusive, indie-style rom-com" with "two good leads and a likeable tone."

References

External links

2013 romantic comedy films
2013 films
South Korean romantic comedy films
2010s South Korean films
2010s Korean-language films


title: Cale Conley

text:
Cale Conley (born May 13, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver.

Racing career

Conley began in go-karts at age 5, working his way through quarter midgets, open-wheel racing and sprint cars, including World of Outlaws and USAC competition. Conley debuted in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East in 2011, with his first win coming in 2012 at Columbus Motor Speedway after leading all 150 laps. He competed full-time in the East series in 2013, scoring four top-five finishes.

In February 2014, Conley joined the No. 33 of Richard Childress Racing in the Nationwide Series on a part-time basis, working with crew chief Nick Harrison. Conley was signed to run ten total races. He made his debut at Bristol Motor Speedway in March. Conley started 12th and finished a strong 11th in his debut, after battling from being a lap down. Conley finished 15th at Richmond in April. In July, Conley ran a 160-lap tire test in an RCR Sprint Cup Series car at Nashville Superspeedway. Also in July, Conley announced his support for sponsor IAVA's (Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America) "Convoy to Combat Suicide" along with music artists Lady Gaga and Linkin Park.

For 2015, Conley signed with TriStar Motorsports to drive their No. 14 Toyota Camry full-time, running for Rookie of the Year. However, after 30 races, Conley announced that he would not complete the remainder of the season due to a lack of funding.

After being without a ride for the entire 2016 season, Conley joined JGL Racing's "Young Guns Program" in 2017 to drive the No. 24 Camry part-time starting at Charlotte. However, that ended up being his only race in the car all year, and he was without a ride again after that and has not raced in NASCAR ever since.

Personal life
On August 2, 2018, Conley married Emma Blaney, the sister of driver Ryan Blaney.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. ** – All laps led.)

Xfinity Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

K&N Pro Series East

K&N Pro Series West

References

External links

Living people
1992 births
People from Vienna, West Virginia
Racing drivers from West Virginia
NASCAR drivers
World of Outlaws drivers
CARS Tour drivers
Richard Childress Racing drivers


title: Mary Elizabeth Moore

text:
Mary Elizabeth (Mullino) Moore is an educator, writer, and current dean of the Boston University School of Theology in Boston, Massachusetts.  She has also been a professor of religion and education at the Claremont School of Theology, as well as Emory University, where she served as the director of the Women in Theology and Ministry Program. Moore has written on topics of socio-economic justice, and socio-ecological renewal, and throughout her career has significantly contributed to the dialogue between theology and education.

Biography
Mary Elizabeth Mullino was born to James Ogle Mullino and Elizabeth Heaton in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. After graduating with a B.A. and M.A. from Southern Methodist University in 1968, Moore earned a Ph.D. from the Claremont School of Theology. In 1976, she married Allen Moore, with whom she parented five children.

Moore is an ordained deacon in the United Methodist Church. On January 1, 2009, she succeeded Ray L. Hart as Dean of Boston University School of Theology. She is the first woman to hold the position of dean at the Boston University School of Theology, and is the fifth woman to hold a presidential role at a United Methodist Church theological school.

Publications

Books
Education for Continuity and Change: A New Model for Christian Religious Education (1983)
Teaching from the Heart: Theology and Educational Method (1991)
Ministering with the Earth (1998)
Teaching from the Heart: Theology and Educational Method (1998)
Covenant and Call: Mission of the Future Church (2000)
Teaching as a Sacramental Act (2004)

Co-edited Volumes
Hermeneutics and Empirical Research in Practical Theology (2004)
Children, Youth, and Spirituality in a Troubling World (2008)
A Living Tradition: Critical Recovery and Reconstruction of Wesleyan Heritage (2013)

Moore has published more than 50 articles and book chapters since 1982.

References

External links
 Mary Elizabeth Moore Faculty Profile on BU School of Theology website
 Mary Elizabeth Moore Narrative Teaching: An Organic Methodology 1988

Living people
Southern Methodist University alumni
Emory University faculty
Boston University School of Theology faculty
American United Methodist clergy
Year of birth missing (living people)
Claremont School of Theology alumni


title: Fifth Third Center (Cincinnati)

text:
Fifth Third Center is a skyscraper located in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, in the U.S. state of Ohio on Fountain Square. The building has 30 stories and rises to a height of . It is currently the fifth-tallest building in Cincinnati. It was designed by Harrison & Abramovitz and completed in 1969. The building serves as the corporate headquarters for Fifth Third Bank.

On September 6, 2018, the building was the site of a mass shooting, in which four people were killed, including the suspect. Two others were also injured in the shooting.

See also
List of tallest buildings in Cincinnati

References

Bank company headquarters in the United States
Skyscraper office buildings in Cincinnati
1969 establishments in Ohio
Office buildings completed in 1969


title: The Night Before (2015 film)

text:
The Night Before is a 2015 American Christmas comedy stoner film directed by Jonathan Levine and written by Levine, Evan Goldberg, Kyle Hunter, and Ariel Shaffir. The film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Seth Rogen, and Anthony Mackie as three childhood friends who annually reunite on Christmas Eve in search of the best party in New York City. Lizzy Caplan, Jillian Bell, Mindy Kaling, and Michael Shannon also star.

Principal photography began on August 11, 2014, in New York City. Good Universe and Point Grey Pictures produced the film, which Columbia Pictures released in North America on November 20, 2015. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $52 million worldwide.

Plot
In December 2001, Ethan Miller loses his parents in a car accident. His best friends Isaac Greenberg and Chris Roberts resolve to spend every Christmas Eve with him so that he will not be alone. The three learn about the exclusive Nutcracker Ball party but are unable to find it.

They continue their collective holiday tradition for many years until 2015, when they finally decide to end the tradition. Chris, now a famous football player, and Isaac, married with a baby on the way, worry that Ethan, a struggling musician working dead-end jobs, is not ready for the tradition to end.

At work, Ethan steals tickets to the Nutcracker Ball. Before embarking on their last Christmas Eve together, the friends meet at Isaac's house, where his pregnant wife, Betsy, gives him various illegal drugs, including magic mushrooms and cocaine.

The friends stop first at the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree, where Ethan reveals the tickets to the ball. In an attempt to impress his teammates, Chris purchases marijuana from their former high school dealer, Mr. Green.

At a karaoke bar, the friends run into Diana, who recently broke up with Ethan due to his failure to commit, and her friend Sarah, both of whom are also attending the Nutcracker Ball. Isaac, affected by the drugs he took, records a video phone message confessing that he is terrified of having a child. Chris hooks up with a supposed fan who steals his marijuana.

The friends contact Mr. Green again, who meets them at Chris' mother's, where they have dinner. She encourages Ethan to make up with Diana, and Isaac realizes he has accidentally switched phones with Sarah when he begins to receive sexts. While they search for Isaac's phone, the thief steals Chris' marijuana again.

The friends split up, as Chris wants his marijuana back, Isaac wants his phone, and Ethan wants to go to the party. Chris fails to recover his marijuana but through the thief learns the true value of his friends. Isaac, hallucinating from a mixture of drugs, meets his wife and her family and vomits during Midnight Mass. Ethan is beaten by two drunk pub crawling men dressed as Santa after defending the spirit of Christmas.

Meeting back at a subway station, the tension between the friends explodes as Ethan reveals that he and Isaac know Chris' sudden success is due to steroids, and Chris reveals that he and Isaac think Ethan is lost.

Despite their revelations, the friends go to the Nutcracker Ball. Chris learns that his teammates did not need the marijuana he struggled to obtain, and mock him for a video shot earlier with his friends. Isaac retrieves his phone, learning Sarah never revealed his video message. Ethan finds Diana and spontaneously proposes to her in front of the entire party with Miley Cyrus. While she accepts publicly, she declines in private, saying that he only proposed out of fear of losing his friends.

Ashamed, Ethan goes to the roof where he finds Mr. Green, who reveals that he is the creator and host of the Nutcracker Ball. After experiencing a memory of his friends initiating their yearly ritual, Ethan rejoins Chris and Isaac, who have been thrown out after an altercation with Chris' teammates.

As morning dawns, the friends reconcile just as Isaac receives a message that Betsy is in labor. Rushing to the hospital in Mr. Green's car, they discover it was a false alarm. Mr. Green is revealed to be an angel, helping the friends in order to earn his wings. Isaac shows his wife the video, and she admits she is also scared about raising their daughter.

The trio spend Christmas at Isaac's, after which Chris has dinner with his mother and admits to his steroid use. Ethan goes to Diana's, where he apologizes for his behavior and not being ready to commit. Admitting that she has missed him, Diana accepts his request to finally meet her parents.

One year later, the friends and their loved ones spend Christmas together. Isaac's baby cannot sleep, so the trio serenade her.

Cast

Production

Development
On February 10, 2014, it was announced that Seth Rogen and Joseph Gordon-Levitt would reunite in the film, following 50/50, in which they co-starred. On May 13, Anthony Mackie joined the cast. Jonathan Levine, director of 50/50, directed The Night Before from his own script. Good Universe and Point Grey Pictures produced the film, which Sony's Columbia Pictures distributed.

Casting
On August 7, Jillian Bell was cast to play Betsy, the wife of Rogen's character. On August 8, Lizzy Caplan joined the cast to play Diana, a love interest of Gordon-Levitt's character.

Filming
Principal photography on the film began on August 11, 2014, in New York City. On August 14, filming took place around 112th street and Broadway in NYC. On August 22, Rogen was spotted filming scenes outside a church in Manhattan. On January 5, 2015, filming took place in and around Rockefeller Center, where the crews were taking some shots of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree.

Release
The film was originally scheduled to be released on December 11, 2015, but Sony moved the release date to November 25, 2015, and later to November 20, 2015.

Box office
The Night Before grossed $43 million in North America and $9.3 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $52.4 million, against a budget of $25 million.

In the United States, The Night Before opened alongside The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 and Secret in Their Eyes on November 20, 2015. The film made $550,000 from its Thursday preview screenings and $3.6 million on its first day. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $9.9 million, and finished fourth at the box office behind Mockingjay – Part 2 ($102.7 million), Spectre ($15 million) and The Peanuts Movie ($13.2 million). During its second week, the film grossed $8.4 million (a drop of 15.2%), finishing 6th at the box office.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of  based on  reviews, and an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, "The Night Before provokes enough belly laughs to qualify as a worthwhile addition to the list of Christmas comedies worth revisiting, even if it isn't quite as consistent as the classics." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

See also
 List of Christmas films

References

External links

 The Night Before at ComingSoon.net

2015 films
American films about cannabis
2010s English-language films
2010s buddy comedy films
American Christmas comedy films
American buddy comedy films
Films about Christianity
Films about drugs
Films about parties
Films directed by Jonathan Levine
Films set in 2001
Films set in 2008
Films set in 2015
Films set in 2016
Films set in 2033
Films set in Brooklyn
Films set in Manhattan
Films shot in New York City
Point Grey Pictures films
Columbia Pictures films
Films scored by Marco Beltrami
Films produced by Seth Rogen
2010s Christmas comedy films
2015 comedy films
Films produced by Evan Goldberg
Films with screenplays by Evan Goldberg
Hanukkah films
2010s American films
English-language comedy films


title: Colin Shortis

text:
Major General Colin Terry Shortis  (18 January 1934 – 8 January 2017) was a senior British Army officer.

Biography
Born on 18 January 1934, Colin Shortis was educated at Bedford School. He enlisted in the British Army in 1951 and received his first commission in the Royal Fusiliers in 1953. He transferred to the Dorset Regiment in 1953, and served in Hong Kong, the Suez Canal Zone, with the British Army of the Rhine, in Aden, Singapore and British Guiana, between 1953 and 1963. He became commanding officer of the 1st Battalion Devonshire and Dorset Regiment in 1974. He went on to be Commander of the 8th Infantry Brigade in 1978, Commander of the British Military Advisory and Training Team in Zimbabwe in 1982 and Director of Infantry in 1983. His last appointment was as General Officer Commanding, North West District in 1986 before retiring 1989.

Shortis was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1980 and a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1988.

He was given the colonelcy of the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment in 1984, holding the position until 1990.

He died on 8 January 2017 at the age of 82.

References

1934 births
2017 deaths
British Army major generals
People educated at Bedford School
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire


title: Lambda architecture

text:
Lambda architecture is a data-processing architecture designed to handle massive quantities of data by taking advantage of both batch and stream-processing methods. This approach to architecture attempts to balance latency, throughput, and fault-tolerance by using batch processing to provide comprehensive and accurate views of batch data, while simultaneously using real-time stream processing to provide views of online data. The two view outputs may be joined before presentation. The rise of lambda architecture is correlated with the growth of big data, real-time analytics, and the drive to mitigate the latencies of map-reduce.

Lambda architecture depends on a data model with an append-only, immutable data source that serves as a system of record. It is intended for ingesting and processing timestamped events that are appended to existing events rather than overwriting them. State is determined from the natural time-based ordering of the data.

Overview
Lambda architecture describes a system consisting of three layers: batch processing, speed (or real-time) processing, and a serving layer for responding to queries. The processing layers ingest from an immutable master copy of the entire data set. This paradigm was first described by Nathan Marz in a blog post titled "How to beat the CAP theorem" in which he originally termed it the "batch/realtime architecture".

Batch layer
The batch layer precomputes results using a distributed processing system that can handle very large quantities of data. The batch layer aims at perfect accuracy by being able to process all available data when generating views. This means it can fix any errors by recomputing based on the complete data set, then updating existing views. Output is typically stored in a read-only database, with updates completely replacing existing precomputed views.

By 2014, Apache Hadoop was estimated to be a leading batch-processing system.  Later, other, relational databases like Snowflake, Redshift, Synapse and Big Query were also used in this role.

Speed layer

The speed layer processes data streams in real time and without the requirements of fix-ups or completeness. This layer sacrifices throughput as it aims to minimize latency by providing real-time views into the most recent data. Essentially, the speed layer is responsible for filling the "gap" caused by the batch layer's lag in providing views based on the most recent data. This layer's views may not be as accurate or complete as the ones eventually produced by the batch layer, but they are available almost immediately after data is received, and can be replaced when the batch layer's views for the same data become available.

Stream-processing technologies typically used in this layer include Apache Kafka, Amazon Kinesis, Apache Storm, SQLstream, Apache Samza, Apache Spark, Azure Stream Analytics. Output is typically stored on fast NoSQL databases., or as a commit log.

Serving layer

Output from the batch and speed layers are stored in the serving layer, which responds to ad-hoc queries by returning precomputed views or building views from the processed data.

Examples of technologies used in the serving layer include Apache Druid, Apache Pinot, ClickHouse and Tinybird which provide a single platform to handle output from both layers. Dedicated stores used in the serving layer include Apache Cassandra, Apache HBase, Azure Cosmos DB, MongoDB, VoltDB or Elasticsearch for speed-layer output, and Elephant DB, Apache Impala, SAP HANA or Apache Hive for batch-layer output.

Optimizations
To optimize the data set and improve query efficiency, various rollup and aggregation techniques are executed on raw data, while estimation techniques are employed to further reduce computation costs. And while expensive full recomputation is required for fault tolerance, incremental computation algorithms may be selectively added to increase efficiency, and techniques such as partial computation and resource-usage optimizations can effectively help lower latency.

Lambda architecture in use
Metamarkets, which provides analytics for companies in the programmatic advertising space, employs a version of the lambda architecture that uses Druid for storing and serving both the streamed and batch-processed data.

For running analytics on its advertising data warehouse, Yahoo has taken a similar approach, also using Apache Storm, Apache Hadoop, and Druid.

The Netflix Suro project has separate processing paths for data, but does not strictly follow lambda architecture since the paths may be intended to serve different purposes and not necessarily to provide the same type of views. Nevertheless, the overall idea is to make selected real-time event data available to queries with very low latency, while the entire data set is also processed via a batch pipeline. The latter is intended for applications that are less sensitive to latency and require a map-reduce type of processing.

Criticism and alternatives
Criticism of lambda architecture has focused on its inherent complexity and its limiting influence. The batch and streaming sides each require a different code base that must be maintained and kept in sync so that processed data produces the same result from both paths. Yet attempting to abstract the code bases into a single framework puts many of the specialized tools in the batch and real-time ecosystems out of reach.

Kappa architecture
Jay Kreps introduced the kappa architecture to use a pure streaming approach with a single code base. In a technical discussion over the merits of employing a pure streaming approach, it was noted that using a flexible streaming framework such as Apache Samza could provide some of the same benefits as batch processing without the latency. Such a streaming framework could allow for collecting and processing arbitrarily large windows of data, accommodate blocking, and handle state.

See also
Event stream processing
 AWS Lambda, a specific service from Amazon Web Services, in which only actual execution time is charged

References

Data processing
Big data
Data management
Free software projects
Software architecture


title: Fountain Valley BodyWorks

text:
Fountain Valley BodyWorks is an auto body and collision repair shop located in Fountain Valley, California. The bodyshop is responsible for building The World's Fastest Amphibious Vehicle, as certified by the Guinness World Record, and serves as the headquarters of amphibious car manufacturer Watercar. The shop was founded in 1975 by Dave March.

Makers of WaterCar

Using the technology and technicians from his bodyshop, March has produced three working amphibious vehicle prototypes, as well as one commercial vehicle from his bodyshop headquarters. In 2010, March and Fountain Valley Bodyworks set the Guinness World Record for The World's Fastest Amphibious Vehicle with their Python Prototype, achieving speeds of 204 km/hour (127 mph) on land, and 96 km/hour (60 mph; 52 knots) on water. In June 2013, The Panther became the first commercial vehicle released by WaterCar and Fountain Valley BodyWorks.

Company Details

Fountain Valley BodyWorks first opened in 1975 and has two locations in Southern California: An Express Shop (25,000 square feet), and a Collision Repair Center (50,000 square feet). Since 1999, March has produced all four amphibious models  (Amphibious Corvette, The Python, The Gator, and The Panther) from his body shop facilities in Fountain Valley, California.

Advertising

Locally, the body shop is well known for maintaining a 15-foot smiley face on the front of their building, which the shop decorates during the various holiday seasons.

References

Companies based in Orange County, California
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1975
1975 establishments in California


title: Jerry Dennis

text:
Jerry Dennis (born 1954) is an American writer of nonfiction and short fiction. He is known for writing about the effect of human culture on the natural environment.

Early life and education
Dennis was born in Flint, Michigan and grew up in rural northern Michigan. Dennis received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from the University of Louisville in 1981, after attending Northern Michigan University and Northwestern Michigan College.

Career
After graduating Dennis worked as a carpenter for five years while establishing himself as a book author and magazine writer.

He has written articles for more than 100 publications, including The New York Times, Smithsonian, Audubon, Sports Afield, Field and Stream, American Way, and the literary magazines Epoch, Witness, Mid-American Review, Pank, and Michigan Quarterly Review. Throughout the 1990s he wrote regular columns for Wildlife Conservation Magazine, the publication of Wildlife Conservation International and the Bronx Zoo, and Canoe and Kayak Magazine. Journalistic assignments sent him to Iceland, Chile, and extensively throughout the U.S. and Canada.

Since 2000 he has been on the faculty of the University of Michigan's Bear River Writers Conference, where he teaches creative non-fiction and nature writing.

As of 2014, he is the author of ten books. In 2015 his best known book is The Living Great Lakes, about his trip around the great lakes in a rickety ship.  This book appeared on the Michigan Bestseller Book List for October, 2014.

In 2014, in response to a pricing dispute between his publisher, MacMillan Press, and Amazon, Dennis set up his own publishing house, Big Maple Press, to produce books which will be sold only through independent booksellers.

Books
 Canoeing Michigan Rivers Thunder Bay Press  (1986, 2001, 2013)
 The Best Bicycle Tours of Eastern Canada (1992)
 It's Raining Frogs and Fishes HarperCollins (1992, 2013)
 A Place on the Water Macmillan  (1993, 2013)
 The Bird in the Waterfall HarperCollins (1996, 2014)
 The River Home Macmillan  (1998, 2013)
 From a Wooden Canoe Macmillan  (1999, 2014)
 Leelanau: A Portrait of Place  (2000)
 Up North in Michigan (2021)
 The Living Great Lakes Macmillan (2004)
 The Windward Shore University of Michigan Press (2011)

Awards and honors
 2004 Michigan Notable Books
 2004 Sigurd Olsen Nature Writing Award
 2004 Great Lakes Culture Best Book Award Non-Fiction
 2004 The Stuart D. and Vernice M. Gross Award for Literature
 2003 Alumni Fellows Award, University of Louisville, College of Arts and Sciences
 1999 Michigan Author of the Year
 1993, 1996, 1998, and 2003 Best Book of the Year awarded by Outdoor Writers Association of America.

References

External links

1954 births
American non-fiction environmental writers
Living people


title: Walter R. Hanson

text:
Walter "Wally" R. Hanson (March 26, 1931 – August 7, 2014) was an American politician.

Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Hanson served in the United States Air Force during the Korean War. He went to University of Minnesota. Hanson worked for Great Northern/Burling Northern Railroad and was an accountant. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1971 to 1982 and was a member of the Democratic Party. He died in Cottage Grove, Minnesota which was his home town.

Notes

1931 births
2014 deaths
People from Cottage Grove, Minnesota
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Military personnel from Minnesota
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War


title: Diego Gama (Mexican footballer)

text:
Diego Alberto Gama García (born 14 January 1996) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a forward for Cafetaleros de Chiapas.

Club career

Toluca
Diego began his football career at his hometown team Toluca in 2010. He progressed through the ranks having successful seasons with the affiliate teams until he was called up to the senior team in 2014. He made his first appearance with the first team August 6, 2014 in a Cup match against Mérida coming in as a substitute for Carlos Esquivel at half time, the match ended in a 1–1 draw, with Gama disputing 45' minutes of the game. Four days later he made his league debut with Toluca on August 10, 2014, under coach José Cardozo against Leones Negros coming in as a substitute for Lucas Lobos in the 74' minute of the game, the match ended in a 0–0 draw, with Gama participating in 16 minutes of the game.

Loan to Atlético Madrid
On August 12, 2014, Toluca agreed to loan Diego Gama to Atlético Madrid for one season. He was assigned to play with Atlético Madrid Juvenil A, the Under-19 affiliate at the club, for the 2014-15 season in the División de Honor. Diego made his competitive debut in Europe during the 2014-15 UEFA Youth League against Malmö FF on November 4, 2014. Coming in as a substitute for Roberto Núñez in the 71' minute of the match. Just 8' minutes in Diego managed to score; breaking the tie, and ending the game 2–1 in favor for Atletico Madrid. With this game Atletico advanced to the playoffs. Gama finished the season with a further 6 goals in league play. Atlético did not pick up the purchase option in Gama's contract at the end of the season.

Return to Toluca
After spending one year with Atlético Madrid Juvenil A, Diego Gama returned to Toluca to play in the Liga MX. He was given the number 17 shirt. He made his first return appearance on July 25, 2015, during the season opener against Tigres, coming in as a substitute for Enrique Triverio in the 76th minute of the game, Toluca won the match 1–0.

International career
On his under-20 world cup debut in the 2015 tournament, Gama was sent off in the game for an off-the-ball incident. Mexico lost the match 2–0 to Mali.

Career statistics

Club

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Mexico men's under-20 international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Deportivo Toluca F.C. players
Potros UAEM footballers
C.F. La Piedad footballers
Tlaxcala F.C. players
Cafetaleros de Chiapas footballers
Chihuahua F.C. footballers
Liga MX players
Ascenso MX players
Liga de Expansión MX players
Sportspeople from Toluca
Footballers from the State of Mexico
Mexican men's footballers


title: Joe Gomez (footballer)

text:
Joseph Dave Gomez (born 23 May 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre back or full back for  club Liverpool.

Gomez began his career at Charlton Athletic, breaking into the first team at 17 and playing one full season before joining Liverpool in June 2015. After establishing himself as a first-team regular, Gomez struggled with injuries, but appeared in the 2019 UEFA Champions League final as Liverpool won the competition. He played in the final of the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup with Liverpool winning the competition for the first time in the club's history. He was part of the team that won the 2019–20 Premier League, Liverpool's first league title in 30 years.

Gomez has represented England at every level and played every minute of every match when England won the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He made his debut for the England senior team in November 2017.

Club career

Early life and career

Joseph Dave Gomez was born on 23 May 1997 in Catford, Greater London, to a Gambian father and an English mother. He joined the academy at nearby Charlton Athletic at the age of 10, making his debut for the club's under-18 team at just 13 years old. Despite strong interest from other clubs, Gomez signed his first professional contract with Charlton in October 2014. His first-team debut came under manager Bob Peeters in a 4–0 home victory over Colchester United on 12 August 2014 in the 2014–15 League Cup, playing the full 90 minutes at right back. A week later he made his league debut in a 3–2 home win against Derby County in the Championship. Gomez went on to make 24 appearances during his first season.

Liverpool

2015–2017

On 20 June 2015, Premier League club Liverpool signed Gomez on a five-year contract for a fee of £3.5 million. He made his debut against Stoke City on 9 August, starting as a left back in a 1–0 win, assisting Philippe Coutinho's match-winning goal in the 86th minute.

On 13 October 2015, Gomez suffered a season ending anterior cruciate ligament injury while playing for England U21. A full year later, Gomez returned to full first-team training on 13 October 2016. On 13 November, Gomez played 45 minutes in a behind closed doors friendly match at Melwood. On 8 January 2017, Gomez made his first start since the injury in an FA Cup 0–0 home draw against Plymouth Argyle.

2017–2019
On 23 August 2017, Gomez made his European debut, in a 4–2 win over 1899 Hoffenheim in the UEFA Champions League play-off. Due to the injury of Nathaniel Clyne, Gomez was the first-choice right back for the first half of the season; even starting in games against rivals Arsenal and Manchester United; against the former he assisted the first goal in an eventual 4–0 win, and his performance against the latter received praise from fans. In late March 2018, it was confirmed that Gomez would miss the next few games as a result of suffering an injury during an international friendly game. In May 2018, Gomez underwent surgery to his ankle injury, with Liverpool confirming via their official website that Gomez wouldn't play in Liverpool's last fixtures of the season, including the 2018 Champions League final. Gomez made 31 appearances across the season for Liverpool.

As a result of the lack of fitness of regular first-team defenders Dejan Lovren and Joël Matip, Gomez was able to establish himself as first-choice centre back in Liverpool's first games of the season alongside Virgil van Dijk, receiving praise for his performances and receiving the man of the match for his performance in a 2–1 win over Leicester City City on 1 September. He continued to feature in defence for the club during the opening half of the season before suffering a fractured leg in December following a challenge by Burnley defender Ben Mee. In February of the following year, he underwent surgery in an attempt to assist his recovery from the injury. Regaining fitness in April, Gomez made a substitute appearance for Liverpool in the 2019 Champions League final, which the club won.

2019–2022

Gomez began the next season deputising for the in-form Joël Matip, who had become a mainstay alongside Virgil van Dijk during Gomez's injury layoff the previous season. Gomez found himself recalled to the starting line-up following injury problems for Matip, and earned praise after a slew of clean sheets in the winter months as Liverpool extended a significant lead at the top of the Premier League table. Gomez was singled out for praise for his leadership and composure during a 1–0 victory over rivals Everton in the FA Cup in January; a match in which Gomez was the only senior player in the back-line after James Milner's early departure.

Gomez suffered a tendon injury to his left knee whilst away on international duty with England and underwent successful surgery on 11 November 2020 to correct the damage. This left Liverpool with an injury crisis at the centre of their defence, following the ACL injury of Gomez' centre-back partner Virgil van Dijk. FIFA agreed to pay Liverpool £2 million in compensation to cover Gomez's wages whilst he was injured. In May 2022, Gomez was an unused substitute in the final as Liverpool won the 2021–22 FA Cup. He was also on the bench as they lost 1–0 to Real Madrid in the 2022 Champions League final.

2022–present
On 7 July 2022, he signed a new five-year contract with the club. On 9 November 2022, he captained Liverpool in the penalty shoot-out win against Derby County in the third round of the EFL Cup at Anfield. On 16 October 2022, Gomez was highly praised for his performance against Manchester City.

On 27 July 2023, following the departure of captain Jordan Henderson to Saudi Pro League club Al-Ettifaq, Gomez became the longest serving player of Liverpool. At the beginning of the 2023–24 season, due to the injuries of Trent Alexander-Arnold and Ibrahima Konaté as well as the one-game suspension of Virgil van Dijk, Gomez was a regular starter for Liverpool both at centre back and full back.

International career

Gomez has been capped by England at under-16, under-17 and under-19 levels. In May 2014, he was part of the squad that won the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship in Malta, playing every minute of England's five matches and being named in UEFA's team of the tournament. Through his father he could have been eligible to play for Gambia.

On 25 August 2015, he received his first call-up to the under-21 squad. On 30 August 2017, Gomez was announced as England U21 captain ahead of the qualifying campaign for the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

He received his first call-up to the England senior squad in November 2017. He made his England debut against Germany at Wembley Stadium in a friendly match, coming on as a substitute to replace Phil Jones in a 0–0 draw. Gomez received a man of the match award in the following game for his performance against Brazil, earning praise for a number of crucial interceptions, and for his ability to nullify the threat of Neymar.

Style of play
Gomez prefers to play as a centre back but can also play as a full back on either side. He has been described as a complete footballer and composed ball-playing centre back with his style of play, being compared to that of Rio Ferdinand whom he idolised growing up. Gomez is also noted for his athleticism, pace and strength; he is able to produce powerful and dangerous runs up-field on the counter-attack and in defence is rarely physically dominated by an opponent.

Personal life
Gomez met his partner, Tamara, in 2014, on a bus on his way to school. They live together in Cheshire and have a son. His cousin Muhammadu Faal is also a footballer.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Liverpool
Premier League: 2019–20
FA Cup: 2021–22
FA Community Shield: 2022
UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2021–22
UEFA Super Cup: 2019
FIFA Club World Cup: 2019

England U17
UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2014

England
UEFA Nations League third place: 2018–19

Individual
UEFA European Under-17 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2014

References

External links

Joe Gomez at the Liverpool F.C. website

1997 births
Living people
Footballers from Catford
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
England men's youth international footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
England men's international footballers
Black British sportsmen
English people of Gambian descent


title: Mehdi Torabi

text:
Mehdi Torabi (; born 10 September 1994) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Persian Gulf Pro League club Persepolis and Iran national team.

Club career

Saipa

He started his career with Saipa from youth levels. He was promoted to the first team by Mojtaba Taghavi in summer 2012. He made his Persian Gulf Cup debut for Saipa in the 2013–14 season against Mes Kerman as a substitute. His subsequent performances were deemed worthy of a Team Melli call up.

Persepolis
On 1 July 2018, Torabi signed a three-year deal with Persepolis. He was sent on back on loan to Saipa for the first half of the season until Persepolis had served their transfer ban. On 16 December 2018, Torabi officially joined Persepolis' squad and was assigned the number 9.

Torabi scored his first goal for Persepolis in a 3–2 victory over Saipa on 13 April 2019.

International career

Youth level
He was invited to Iran U23 preliminary camp by Nelo Vingada. He was included in the squad for the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship by coach Mohammad Khakpour and he scored his first goal of the tournament in the last group match against China from a 30-yard free kick.

Senior level
He made his debut against Uzbekistan on a friendly on 11 June 2015 where he scored the lone goal of the match. On 3 September 2015, Torabi came off the bench to score in a 6–0 victory against Guam. In May 2018 he was named in Iran's preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.

Personal life

Political views
Torabi has been known to be a supporter of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, having worn a shirt in support of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and wanting to offer him a football as a gift during the Mahsa Amini protests. In 2019, Torabi lifted his shirt up with a message of support to the government during the 2019–2020 Iranian protests as well. The literal translation of his message was "The only path to salvation of country is to follow orders of ali khakizahi ".

Career statistics

Club

International
Statistics accurate as of match played 12 September 2023.

International goals
As of match played 10 November 2022. Iran score listed first, score column indicates score after each Torabi goal.

Honours

Club
Persepolis
Persian Gulf Pro League (4): 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–23
Hazfi Cup (2): 2018–19, 2022–23
Iranian Super Cup (2): 2019, 2020

Individual

Iranian Young Player of the Year: 2016
Persian Gulf Pro League Team of the Year: 2015–16
Navad Player of the Month: April 2018, May 2018

References

External links
Mehdi Torabi at PersianLeague.com
Mehdi Torabi at IranLeague.ir
Mehdi Torabi at metrica.ir

1994 births
Living people
Iranian men's footballers
Iranian expatriate men's footballers
Saipa F.C. players
Persepolis F.C. players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Qatar Stars League players
Sportspeople from Karaj
Iran men's international footballers
Men's association football wingers
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
2022 FIFA World Cup players


title: Lee E. Goodman

text:
Lee E. Goodman (born March 29, 1964) was a member and former chair of the Federal Election Commission (FEC), an independent regulatory agency created by Congress to administer and enforce campaign finance law.

Biography
Goodman was born on March 29, 1964, in Danville, Virginia. His father was a lawyer and his mother was a teacher. He received his B.A. degree with highest distinction in 1986 from the University of Virginia, where he double majored in American Government and Rhetoric & Communication Studies.  He received his J.D. degree in 1990 from the University of Virginia School of Law, where he served as Articles Editor for the U.Va. Journal of Law & Politics.

Goodman practiced election law in private practice for the better part of two decades and served in a number of governmental and political posts. In private practice, he represented candidates, public officials, political parties, political action committees, non-profit organizations, and media companies in addressing a wide range of laws regulating their political activities and speech. He advised four presidential campaigns from 2007 to 2012. He served as general counsel of the Republican Party of Virginia (2009-2013).  He also represented non-political clients in addressing other regulatory and public policy issues. Goodman has authored several articles on election law, including a chapter on regulation of political speech on the Internet in the book Law and Election Politics - The Rules of the Game (Routledge 2013), and he has lectured frequently on election law topics.  He has served on the boards of several political, educational and cultural non-profit organizations. He is recognized as a national expert in close elections, recounts and election administration. Goodman was the 2014 Lefever Fellow at Elizabethtown College.

His prior government service includes four years as legal counsel and policy advisor to the Governor of Virginia (1998-2002) and three years as counsel and special assistant to the Attorney General of Virginia (1995-1997).  He served as chief adviser to the Chairman of the Congressional Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce (1999-2000).

On February 7, 2018, Goodman announced his retirement from the FEC effective February 16, 2018.

References

External links

Lee Goodman at allgov.com

Living people
1964 births
University of Virginia alumni
Members of the Federal Election Commission
Virginia Republicans
Politicians from Danville, Virginia
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Obama administration personnel
Trump administration personnel


title: Lakeland Highlanders

text:
The Lakeland Highlanders were a minor league baseball team, based in Lakeland, Florida from 1919 through 1926. It was a charter member of the Florida State League and won the league title in 1926.

Notable alumni

 Tommy Leach (1924)

References
Baseball Reference

Baseball teams established in 1919
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Defunct Florida State League teams
Sports in Lakeland, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
1919 establishments in Florida
1926 disestablishments in Florida
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1926
Baseball teams disestablished in 1926


title: Chandrenos

text:
Chandrenos (; ) was a Byzantine general who distinguished himself in his successful expeditions against the Catalan Company.

Very little is known about Chandrenos, as his life and deeds are recorded only in an oration to Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos of his possible relative Thomas Magistros, composed to defend him from accusations of treason sometime in the 1310s. Born to a landowning family in Asia Minor, he fought against the Turks with some success, so that, according to Thomas, even they came to esteem his prowess. Nevertheless, he was unable to stem the tide of the Turkish conquest, and abandoned Asia Minor after his ancestral lands fell. Subsequently, he participated as one of the commanders of the imperial army in the Battle of Apros on 10 July 1305, against the Catalan Company. Chandrenos fought with valour and distinction, but the Byzantines were routed by the Catalans.

In 1308–09, he was sent to Macedonia, where the Catalans had now moved to, under the overall command of the megas stratopedarches Angelos Palaiologos. Here Chandrenos was credited with helping repel the Catalans' attack on Thessalonica, the Byzantine Empire's second-largest city, probably by raiding their siege lines. After the Catalans abandoned the siege of the city in early 1309, his expeditions confined them to their base in Kassandreia, cutting their supplies and putting an end to their devastating raids in the surrounding countryside, which had even threatened the monasteries of Mount Athos. As a result, in spring 1309 the hard-pressed Catalans abandoned Kassandreia and invaded Thessaly, ruled by the weak John II Doukas. The Catalans plundered the region, forcing John II to appeal to the Byzantines for aid. Chandrenos marched south from Thessalonica, and was joined by local volunteers, motivated by appeals and promises of reward by the Byzantine emperor. The Catalans were defeated in minor engagements and driven south out of Thessaly. There they were taken into the employ of the Duchy of Athens, and turning back north conquered much of Thessaly, forcing John II to sue for peace. After the Duke of Athens, Walter of Brienne, tried to dismiss them, however, they attacked the duchy and took it over following their crushing victory over Walter's army in the Battle of Halmyros in 1311.

In the meantime, in 1309 Chandrenos had defeated and driven off a Serbian invasion of Macedonia, assisted by 1,500 Turks who under their leader Malik had deserted the Catalan Company and sought refuge in Serbia. Sometime in the 1310s (probably ca. 1310/11) Chandrenos was in Constantinople, where he was accused by members of the imperial court of treason—probably as a result of jealousy over his military successes—and was defended before the emperor by Thomas Magistros. Nothing further is known of him.

References

Sources

13th-century births
14th-century deaths
14th-century Byzantine people
Byzantine generals
Medieval Macedonia
Byzantine Anatolians


title: Venkat Chandrasekaran

text:
Venkat Chandrasekaran is a Professor in the Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department at the California Institute of Technology. He is known for work on mathematical optimization and its application to the information sciences.

Academic biography
Chandrasekaran studied at Rice University, where he completed the BA degree in Mathematics and the BS degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2005.  He then received a PhD degree Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2011. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley for one year before joining Caltech as an Assistant Professor in 2012.

Research and honors

Chandrasekaran's research focuses on mathematical optimization and, specifically, developing an understanding of the power and limitations of convex optimization.  His thesis work studied convex optimization in the context of questions related to statistical modeling, and received the Jin-Au Kong Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Prize for the best PhD thesis in electrical engineering at MIT.  Additionally, he received the Young Researcher Prize in Continuous Optimization for his work on matrix decomposition.

References

External links
 Venkat Chandrasekaran professional home page

Living people
California Institute of Technology faculty
Rice University alumni
20th-century American mathematicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
21st-century American mathematicians


title: Rosaria Butterfield

text:
Rosaria Champagne Butterfield (born 1962) is a writer, speaker, homemaker, and former tenured professor of English at Syracuse University.

Career
Butterfield, who earned her Ph.D. from Ohio State University in English Literature, served in the English Department and Women's Studies Program at Syracuse University from 1992 to 2002. During her academic career, she published the book The Politics of Survivorship: Incest, Women's Literature, and Feminist Theory as well as many scholarly articles. Her academic interest was focused on feminist theory, queer theory and 19th century British literature. She was awarded tenure in 1999, the same year that she converted to Christianity. She married in 2001.

Autobiography
Growing up, Butterfield attended predominantly liberal Catholic schools. She is most widely known today for her autobiography The Secret Thoughts of an Unlikely Convert: An English Professor's Journey into the Christian Faith, in which she details her transformation from a postmodernist into a Bible-believing Christian. For nearly a decade, she lived as an openly lesbian activist. While researching the Religious Right and their "politics of hatred" against the queer community, she wrote an article criticizing the evangelical organization Promise Keepers. Ken Smith, the then-pastor of the Syracuse Reformed Presbyterian Church, wrote to her regarding this article and invited her to dinner. Her subsequent friendship with the Smiths led to her re-evaluation of her presuppositions. Two years later, Butterfield converted to evangelical Christianity. Following her conversion, she developed a ministry to college students. She now frequently speaks at churches and universities about her experience. She has taught and ministered at Geneva College. She now lives in Durham, North Carolina with her husband, Kent Butterfield, a pastor, and their children.

Theological views

Hospitality
In many of her books and interviews, Butterfield highlights what she calls "radically ordinary" Christian hospitality. Having been a beneficiary of the practice herself, she writes, "To me, hospitality is the ground zero of the Christian faith." She differentiates this from entertaining guests, saying that "In counterfeit hospitality, there is a very fixed relationship between host and guest. In Christian hospitality, it's a very fluid relationship." In an interview, she has stated that "In the past, [Christians] have set [their boundaries] according to [their] checkbook and according to [their] calendar. In a post-Christian world, we are called to set them according to the blood of Christ." Butterfield encourages Christians "to get close enough to put the hand of the stranger into the hand of the Savior,” and that "it hurts, and it's good. And the Lord equips." In her book The Gospel Comes with a House Key, she indicates that her hospitality is "not showy or fancy" and that parting with the idols of consumerism and sexual autonomy is essential to making room for other people.

Repentance
One of the hallmarks of Butterfield's writing is the emphasis on repentance. She points to those of exemplary faith, especially Puritans like Thomas Watson and John Owen, observing that the Puritans "knew how to hate their sin without hating themselves because they understood that Christ's grace is an ever-present Person, a Person who understands our situation and our needs better than we do." Her writing often delves into her personal journey with repentance, and the nature of sin as she has come to understand it. She devotes much time elaborating on the theology of original sin, describing it as a distorting influence on people that blinds them from seeing their true identities, which she deems are "image bearers of the holy God."

Butterfield also speaks of the necessity of daily repentance in the Christian life: "Our call is not to despair, but to hope in Christ and to drive a fresh nail into our choice sin every day." In her autobiography The Secret Thoughts of an Unlikely Convert, she writes,". . .repentance requires greater intimacy with God than with our sin. How much greater? About the size of a mustard seed. Repentance requires that we draw near to Jesus, no matter what. And sometimes we all have to crawl there on our hands and knees."Butterfield identifies repentance as "the threshold to God" and states that "good neighbors never put a stumbling block between a fellow image bearer and the God who made her." "If you love your neighbors," she writes, "you would never deny them this threshold."

Sometimes Butterfield describes repentance as "bittersweet business," seeing the Christian walk as a dying to self. She encourages Christians to embrace repentance, as it "proves only the obvious: that God was right all along.” In particular, she warns that "God calls any heart that is not submitted to Jesus sinful," and that sexual sin often transforms into a sin of identity.

Sexuality and Identity

People as Image Bearers
Citing scripture such as Genesis 1:27, Butterfield argues that understanding that people are made in the image of God as male and female is key to understanding humanity correctly, especially during a time when there is a widespread acceptance of homosexual and transgender identities:"In our post-Obergefell world, we now have two competing ideas of what it means to be human — and these ideas have collided. The Freudian/Obergefell idea is that sexual orientation is an accurate category of personhood; LGBTQ+ is who you are rather than how you feel. After Obergefell, laws quickly were put in place to honor, affirm, and celebrate being LGBTQ+. The biblical idea, however, is that bearing the image of God according to eternal and creational categories of man or woman determines who you are. It’s Obergefell or Christ: you either celebrate and affirm your sin nature, or you repent of the culpable and unchosen sin nature you inherit in Adam."

LGBT Identities as False Categories
As a former scholar of Freud and Marx, Butterfield repudiates an intersectional anthropology, expressing that its implications clash with a biblical worldview:"Originally, intersectionality dealt with material, structural oppressions — highlighting how race and class and the glass ceiling of sexism weigh heavy in a society made up of sinners. But when feminism shifted allegiance from Marx to Freud, when it turned from numbers to feelings, sexual orientation and gender identity took on new forms.

When ideas like “dignitary harm” (the harm accrued to your dignity by someone’s refusal to approve of your sin) found its place in civil law, intersectionality unleashed a monster. And with that monster came a message: homosexuality is not a sin; it is an aesthetic, an erotic orientation or way of looking at the world and everything in it. Today, the gospel is on a collision course with this message."
Consequently, Butterfield rejects sexual orientation as a valid category of personhood, considering it a "19th-century invention" and a "category mistake" that goes against biblical anthropology:". . .the 19th century ushered in a new measure of man, one for whom sexuality and sexual pleasure became a defining marker. Thus, the category of sexual orientation is what we in theology call a ‘neologism,’ and it creates fictional identities that rob them of the true one — male and female image bearers [of God's].”
Due to such positions, Butterfield sees categories like "gay Christian" and "trans Christian" as false constructs, explaining that "gay may be how someone feels, but [can] never be who someone inherently is." She also does not identify herself as "ex-gay" and believes that same-sex-attracted Christians should not identify as gay Christians, as such labels are, in her view, a postmodern attempt to manipulate language and marry two fundamentally contradictory categories. Despite previously having approved of using preferred pronouns of trans-identifying individuals, she has since explicitly repented of and retracted this position, saying that"By affirming a lie, [our action] encourages people [with gender dysphoria] to break the tenth commandment [i.e. you shall not covet (your neighbor's anatomy)]."In 2023, Butterfield released the book Five Lies of Our Anti-Christian Age, in which she identifies the affirmation of feminism, homosexuality, immodesty, unbiblical spirituality, and transgenderism as a culturally normalized form of assault against biblical truths.

LGBT-affirmation as Complicity
Because Butterfield believes that Christian neighboring means not putting a stumbling block between a neighbor and God, she calls Christians to love their neighbors enough to speak the truth about sin. She also asserts that to support policies that codify sinful behavior into law is to believe that one is more merciful than God. In her view, affirming someone as gay or trans is actually unloving and un-Christian since it makes it more difficult for that person to hate their sin and take on their true identity in Christ:"[Affirming a person as gay] is, truly, truly, putting a millstone around the neck of young people. . . You do not need to wear whatever indwelling-sin pattern you have. And people who say you do, they should just be run out of town."
Likewise, she has chided the Side B movement, gay Christianity, and broader evangelicalism for treating labels like "LGBTQ+ person" and "trans person" as reliable descriptors and affirming sexual orientation as an ontologically accurate category. She faults them for endangering people's souls and falsifying the gospel:"The normalization of homosexuality came about through a couple of powerful social forces. [One is] well-meaning evangelicals ceding, or yielding, the moral language to the Left (using the Left's language): sexual minority, cisgender, etc. And as soon as you do that, you no longer have the moral language of the Bible, and the Bible has a moral language. And if you don't use that, then you're actually condemning people to hell; you are not proclaiming a gospel."

Christian Call to Be Family
Butterfield stresses the importance of Christians' becoming a true family and providing belonging to one another, especially to those who renounce their former way of life in the LGBT community to convert to Christianity. She has pointed out that the Church ought to abandon the idea that singles need to be fixed up. In her book The Gospel Comes with a House Key, Butterfield writes,"Take, for example, our Christian brothers and sisters who struggle with unchosen homosexual desires and longings, sensibilities and affections, temptations and capacities. Our brothers and sisters need the church to function as the Lord has called it to—as a family. Because Christian conversion always comes in exchange for the life you once loved, not in addition to it, people have much to lose in coming to Christ—and some people have more to lose than others. Some people have one cross, and others have ten to carry. People who live daily with unchosen homosexual desires also live with a host of unanswered questions and unfulfilled life dreams. What is your responsibility to those brothers and sisters who are in this position in life?"She refers to Mark 10:28-31 to demonstrate that the Church must become the new family promised by Christ for those who forsake their former loyalties and allegiances to follow him. According to Butterfield, Christians belong to one another and to one Father, and thereby get their identity and calling "from God's image radiating in and through [them]."

Sexual Orientation Change Therapy
In the past, Butterfield held a categorically critical stance on conversion therapy for giving the impression that same-sex attractional patterns somehow meant that a person was not yet saved:". . . [conversion therapy fails] to see that repentance and victory over sin are God's gifts and [fails] to remember that sons and daughters of the King can be full members of Christ's body and still struggle with sexual temptation."For its presentation of heterosexuality as the main objective of Christianity, Butterfield had also called conversion therapy a form of the "prosperity gospel." However, she has since qualified these statements by clarifying that her critique applied to the type of therapy that prioritized sanctification (behavior modification) over justification (reconciliation with God).

Publications

 Crimes of Reading: Incest and Censorship in Mary Shelley's Early Novels (Thesis, 1992)
 The Politics of Survivorship: Incest, Women's Literature, and Feminist Theory (1996)
 The Secret Thoughts of an Unlikely Convert: An English Professor's Journey into the Christian Faith (2012)
 Openness Unhindered: Further Thoughts of an Unlikely Convert on Sexual Identity and Union with Christ (2015)
 The Gospel Comes with a House Key: Practicing Radically Ordinary Hospitality in Our Post-Christian World (2018)
 Five Lies of Our Anti-Christian Age (2023)

References

1962 births
Living people
American religious writers
American Presbyterians
Women religious writers
Ohio State University Graduate School alumni
Syracuse University faculty
Geneva College faculty
Converts to Presbyterianism
Converts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism
20th-century Presbyterians
21st-century Presbyterians
American women non-fiction writers
American women academics
21st-century American women