title: Lucca Film Festival

text:
The Lucca Film Festival, or LFF (also known as Lucca Film Festival e Europa Cinema), is an annual event that has been held in Lucca since 2005. The festival offers screenings, exhibitions, conferences, and performances, ranging from mainstream to art-house cinema.

There have been guests such as directors, actors, critics, and international artists of cinema, for instance, Kenneth Anger, Jonas Mekas, Tsai Ming-liang, Michael Snow, Paolo Taviani, Robert Cahen, Lou Castel, Abel Ferrara, Philippe Garrel, György Pálfi, Antoni Padrós, Benedek Fliegauf, Peter Greenaway, John Boorman, David Lynch, David Cronenberg, Oliver Stone, Terry Gilliam, William Friedkin, George Romero, Gaspar Noé, Martin Freeman, Giuseppe Tornatore, Marco Bellocchio, Paolo Sorrentino, Paolo Virzì, Willem Dafoe, Rutger Hauer, Philip Gröning, Michel Ocelot, Alfonso Cuarón, Matt Dillon, Elio Germano, Thomas Vinterberg, Sandra Milo, Aubrey Plaza, Aleksandr Sokurov, Alba Rohrwacher, Silvio Orlando.

History and guests

The Lucca Film Festival was created in 2005 by Nicola Borrelli, at the time a 21-year-old near-graduate student of the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy at University of Bologna. Nicola immediately involves his parents Marco Borrelli and Rosita Pieroni, together with his friends Stefano Giorgi, Alessandro De Francesco, Andrea Bernardini, Andrea Monti, Philippe Dijon de Monteton and Andrea Puccini (he passed away in 2006) who will later be joined by Luca Peretti, Luca Modena, Federico Salvetti, Nicolas Condemi, Stefano Giuntini, Cristina Puccinelli, Simone Gialdini, Rachel Pollastrini, Laura Da Prato and many others. They create the VI(S)TA NOVA cultural association which is constantly animated by the voluntary work of many of its members and by many other volunteers, university interns and high school students. The Lucca Film Festival brand was finally created and registered, and later renewed in 2019, and Mrs. Rosita Pieroni is the only owner.

In 2005 the association, which has always been led by Nicola Borrelli, received its first support by Banca Toscana, by the Municipality of Lucca, by the Province of Lucca and by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio, which in 2013 finally became the principal and most important supporter of the event. In 2006 Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca and even some private citizens, such as the event organizer Andrea Colombini, also joined as financiers. Today the Festival is supported by numerous local and international institutions.

Thanks to a few tens of thousands of euros per year, the Artistic Direction has proposed a selection of film screenings, with a particular attention to the great masters of experimental cinema. The goal was to support multidisciplinary activities, aimed at the contamination of cinema through other forms of art, alongside the regular scheduling of film screenings and meetings.

In just a few years the Festival could name, among its guests, experimental directors and artists such as Kenneth Anger (2006), Michael Snow (2007), Jonas Mekas (2008), Christian Lebrat (2008) and Robert Cahen (2009), Boris Lehman (2011), Philippe Garrel (2012). Thanks to the collaboration of some of these artists, it was possible to organize exhibitions (Snow, Mekas, Cahen), all Italian premieres, set up at the Fondazione Ragghianti of Lucca and produced by the Fondazione itself together with the Festival. A fourth exhibition was created together with Christian Lebrat, honored in 2008 with a series of installations and screenings inside the Ex Manifattura Tabacchi in Lucca. During these years, the Artistic Direction was able to organize a festival schedule characterized by the union of international arthouse cinema – such as Abel Ferrara hosted in 2010 – and the fundamental contamination of experimental research.

Experimentation is a core value for the Festival, which explores it through various projects, some of which have allowed to re-discover and re-affirm the life story of artists and pioneers of experimental cinema. For example, in 2007, the President, together with some members of the association and thanks to the support of university researchers Pia Bolognesi and Giulio Bursi, launched a research project dedicated to the works of Aldo Tambellini. Tambellini, who came from Lucca, but left Italy for the United States after World War II, became one of the masters of artistic experimentation during the 60s, 70s and 80s, even teaching and collaborating with the IMT of Boston. That same year the Festival set up an exhibition dedicated to his paintings, poems and short films and he came back to Lucca to reunite with his fellow citizens for the first time since his childhood.

This path of re-discovery reached its peak after a couple of years with the exhibition at the Tate Modern Museum of London.

The feedback from both audience and press, which reached its peak between 2005 and 2012, has convinced more and more sponsors to support the Festival, as is the case with the essential collaborations that started with the Region of Tuscany.

Thanks to Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Lucca, for the first time the Artistic Direction obtained the right resources to make the 2013 edition of the festival and involve a great author of the history of cinema: Peter Greenaway. A collaboration was born featuring the original production of 35 minutes of architectural cinema made by the Welsh director for the Festival and for the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio. The video, titled “The Towers | Lucca Hubris” was shot in studio in Lucca, in collaboration with theater and dance company Aldes of Porcari, Lucca, with Italian actors and dancers, and was finally screened during two nights of the Lucca Film Festival on the front of the church of San Francesco, which had just been restored by the Fondazione itself. A complete recording of one of the two screenings is available at following link (password: greenaway).

Thanks to the collaboration between Greenaway and the Festival, the script for “Lucca Mortis”, starring Morgan Freeman, was also created. The Festival is supporting its production and, if it finally gets in the works, that could forever change the perception of Lucca around the world.

In 2013 the Festival tried to widen its horizons, choosing new and specific sponsors, also through performative and multidisciplinary activities, which led to the creation of the event called Lucca Effetto Cinema. Stefano Giuntini and Cristina Puccinelli, inspired by Beniamino Placido’s book by the same name, created this new event in collaboration with Confcommercio of Lucca and Massa Carrara and with Centro Commerciale Naturale. The event paid homage to nine great films through theater and dance theater performances, scenic settings, costumes and by actively involving the audience.

In 2014, after partnering with specific sponsors, the sector “Mostre del Festival” (“Festival Exhibitions”) was created, and two exhibitions were set up with photographic and lithographic works by David Lynch, premiering in Italy. The same more resources were invested on contents and projects tied to the theme of “Cinema and Music”. A first occasion for the realization of a project of high international level on this topic was the concert with music by Angelo Badalamenti, which, for the occasion, was played by the symphonic orchestra of the Conservatory Luigi Boccherini, conducted by Maestro GianPaolo Mazzoli. The concert was held inside the church of San Francesco, attended by David Lynch. Since 2014, it became a recurrent event to pay homage to all the great masters of cinema and guests of the Festival who are usually given a lifetime achievement award.

New collaborations were activated over time with important cultural institutions of the province, such as the one created during the 2014 edition with the Fondazione Giacomo Puccini of Lucca. For the occasion an award was created (“Onorificenza dalla Fondazione Puccini per la promozione del Maestro nel mondo”, “Award by the Fondazione Puccini for the promotion of the Maestro around the world”) to hand every year to one or more of the great authors and guests of the Festival who stood out for the promotion and valorization of the renowned composer from Lucca. In the 2014 edition, the award was given to David Lynch.

The Festival shifted from September to spring to have bigger audience and impact on the sector. At the beginning of 2015 the partnership between Lucca Film Festival and Europa Cinema was formed, the historic cinema festival of Viareggio, founded by Felice Laudadio and Federico Fellini in 1984 that slowly lost support due to the administrative difficulties faced by the Municipality of Viareggio. On January 28th 2015, a first memorandum of understanding was signed with the Municipality of Viareggio, which granted the cultural Association VI(S)TA NOVA the organization of Europa Cinema for three years. The Festival accordingly changed its own name, becoming “Lucca Film Festival e Europa Cinema”.

In 2015 they organized an exclusive project involving simultaneous activities between Lucca and Viareggio, with guests such as David Cronenberg, Jeremy Irons, Terry Gilliam, Alfonso Cuarón and Matteo Garrone. In the same year, the exhibition sector saw an increase in investments, with five events dedicated to David Cronenberg, and the Festival started a collaboration with Comitato Nuovi Eventi per Lucca (New Events for Lucca Committee) which, coordinating with the in-house exhibition department, became producer and organizer of these events. The same year Main Performances were added to the program (with production by Fondazione Giacomo Puccini and Fondazione Giuseppe Lazzareschi) and the creation of a Main Event, created in collaboration with director Terry Gilliam. The event involves all the venues located in the square and more than 150 local performers: it’s the “Terry Gilliam’s Movie Circus”.

The theme “Cinema and Music” became reality that same year thanks to an orchestral symphonic concert with music by Howard Shore written for David Cronenberg, but also through an important didactic project started in autumn: the first edition of the M.A.I. Master (Music Applied to Image). The master’s degree, organized by the Conservatory Luigi Boccherini in Lucca together with the Festival, was the first course of its kind in Italy and continues to be a formative excellence at national level.

The 2016 edition saw the participation of great artists such as George Romero, William Friedkin, Paolo Sorrentino and Marco Bellocchio. The Festival widened its horizons and this edition also involved the city of Barga, which hosted an exhibition dedicated to writer and director Gualtiero Jacopetti, who is from Barga himself, author of the famous documentary “Mondo Cane” from the 60s. The 2016 edition also welcomed the creation of the Feature Film Competition, with 12 films in Italian or European premiere coming from all around the world, along with the section for Out of Competition Italian premieres, inaugurated with three movies presented both in Lucca and Viareggio, among which there was the world premiere of the new film by Ruggero Deodato. The involvement of great authors in the planning and supervision of part of the Festival kept going also for the 2016 edition, as shown by the curatorship by George Romero for the production of the Zombie Citadel dedicated to him. In addition, a first experimental edition of the Festival in Viareggio was planned as a cinema-themed opening party and held at a renowned club in the passeggiata, one of the most popular streets of the city. A new aspect that characterized the 2016 edition was the inauguration of a section dedicated to audiovisual products realized with the innovative 360-degree video technology. The Festival’s focus on this new technological and linguistic frontier began by developing a collaboration with the Festival della Didattica Digitale (Digital Education Festival), and became reality with the joint production of the first short documentary about Lucca shot in 360°.

One essential change that marked the transition from 2015 to 2016 was the Festival’s commitment to producing and co-producing audiovisual projects. In 2016, the documentary “Puccini by William Friedkin” was co-produced with the Fondazione Giacomo Puccini, with the American Oscar winner as protagonist. The full documentary is available at the following link.

A production for a documentary about Zeffirino Poli also started that same year. Poli was a figurine seller from Coreglia Antelminelli, located in the province of Lucca, who emigrated to New Haven and became one of the pioneers of the birth of cinema and of the American independent film industry. The documentary, “Mister Wonderland” was supported and co-produced by the Region of Tuscany, Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Lucca, Associazione Lucchesi nel mondo and Fondazione Paolo Cresci, and presented in world premiere inside the Festival dei Popoli’s competition in 2019, where it won the “Il Cinemino” Award.

In 2016, the “Cinema and Music” section hosted a special project titled “Cinemagic”, described in the presentation of the 2016 program. It also involves some students from the M.A.I. Master in the production of the Cinemagic show. Furthermore, M.A.I. Master student Stefano Teani carried out his post-master’s degree internship at the Festival with the composition of an original score for the documentary “Puccini by William Friedkin” and the execution of Giacomo Puccini’s music for the same project.

In 2017 the Festival set up its first Red Carpet in the evocative location of Piazza del Giglio and many were the artists who walked it, such as Oliver Stone, Willem Dafoe, Sergio Castellitto and Valeria Golino. Music was the key element of a live concert for the screening of Yasujiro Ozu’s masterpiece “A Story of Floating Weeds” (1934), in collaboration with Istituto Luigi Boccherini of Lucca and Maxxi Museum of Rome. The execution of the original score, co-written by Maestro Fulvio Pietramala and Maestro GianPaolo Mazzoli, called for a chamber orchestra and was performed keeping in mind pentatonic scales from the Japanese tradition, to get oriental suggestions and sonorities also through original instruments. The film was shown on the first day of the Festival on the front of Teatro del Giglio and the institute ensemble, conducted by Maestro Mazzoli, played for the occasion. The event, during the same edition presented seven out-of-competition films as Italian or European premieres. Among these, there were the European premiere for “The Headhunter’s Calling” directed by Mark Williams, with an introduction by Willem Dafoe, but also the Italian premiere for “The Other Side of Hope” by Aki Kaurismäki and “Personal Shopper” by Olivier Assays, also attended by the director himself. In the same year, the Festival started showing interest for TV shows as well, and began a collaboration with Sky Atlantic. That is why David Lynch came back to the Festival, to be a part of this new change presenting the first two episodes of “Twin Peaks 3” as Italian premiere after those of Los Angeles and Cannes. During this year a two-year collaboration was formed with Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (Experimental Film Center). The Festival and the Centro Sperimentale organized the first exhibition in honor of Federico Fellini and his much desired, never shot film, “Il viaggio di Mastorna” with 50 boards inspired by Fellini’s writings.

In 2017, the Festival enlarged its audiovisual production activities too and began working on a documentary about Lucca painter Antonio Possenti, who had passed away in 2016. The production of the documentary, titled “Storie di Altromare – Omaggio ad Antonio Possenti” ended the following year and premiered globally during the 2018 edition. The Lucca Effetto Cinema section grew bigger and bigger year after year and, during this edition, two new awards were instituted, one for Best Production Design and one for Best Performance.

The 2019 edition, as the Festival kept focusing on the Feature Film Competition with Italian or European premieres, saw prestigious jury members, like Rutger Hauer and Philip Gröning.

Just as important are the Out of Competition Italian premieres. The 2018 and 2019 editions saw the participation of actors and filmmakers such as Rupert Everett and Martin Freeman, Joe Dante, Mick Garris, Michel Ocelot and Rutger Hauer.

In 2018 the Festival entered the international “Film for our Future Network” dedicated to spreading and promoting themes from the 17 goals inside the 2030 UN Agenda. Each year the Festival organizes screenings and masterclasses tackling these topics and it actively contributes to the activities planned by the other festivals participating in the network during the year.

Following the 2030 UN goals, in 2019 the Festival partnered with Fondazione Robert F. Kennedy Italia focusing on the topic of human rights by planning a specific program dedicated to Europa Cinema and Viareggio,

Another important international partnership was created with ICTF/UNESCO during this edition. This allowed the Festival and Alfonso Cuarón to hand the prestigious Fellini Medal to Maestro Paolo Taviani, who came back as guest to the Festival a year after the passing of his brother Vittorio.

Thanks to the support of a new call financed by the Region and MiBACT (Ministero dei Beni delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo, Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Activities and Tourism), the Festival managed to widen its horizons by planning activities for the city of Pisa as well. For the occasion, they organized masterclasses and film screenings with international authors, collaborating with Manifattura Digitale di Pisa and the Arsenale Cinema.

The Festival’s inclusive vocation allowed the creation of an online version of part of the event consisting of online film screenings and live streams for the first time ever in 2020. Thanks to the collaboration with Più Compagnia, the virtual movie theater for La Compagnia di Fondazione Sistema Toscana, the competing feature and short-length films were screened online during the Festival. Despite the health crisis, this choice drew the attention of an eclectic audience, diverse in origin and belonging to the world of media, including professionals of the national and international audiovisual industry. For the first time in the history of the Festival, the activities from the educational section were carried out through a series of virtual meetings and streams (live or on demand), specifically created for the participating classes. The films were always available on demand to all students for the whole duration of the Festival, to be watched before or after the meetings with experts from the film industry and also outside school hours. Every single event could be attended in person or through the live stream. The 2020 edition took place at the end of September, in order to find the best possible moment to offer a safe and good experience, both in person and online, and this allowed to keep hosting big international stars like Matt Dillon, Thomas Vinterberg and Lech Majewski, who all received the lifetime achievement award and were celebrated with wide retrospective events.

The films selected for the 2021 edition at the International Short Film Competition were also presented online on the Festival Scope platform, therefore, available all around the globe, thanks to a system of virtual movie theaters with free access. The same access modality was reserved for the online film screenings for the Feature Film Competition, which was available on Mymovies.it for the whole duration of the Festival. The goal of the 2021 edition was to engage the audience as much as possible, both in person and online. All the Festival events were available on Facebook, on YouTube, on Twitch and on the Festival’s webpage at the same time.

The 2021 edition of the Festival also saw the launch of a new collaboration with a network of international film institutions and schools called Film School Network. The Festival also registered itself inside the EURASF Network European Academy of Science Film, which brings together festivals devoted to scientific subject matters. For the first time, the Festival hosted professors and students from European schools enrolled in the Film School Network in Lucca, and assigned a new award to short movies created by students. The Festival continued its collaboration with the Film For Our Future Network for the 2022 edition as well.

During the 17th edition, which took place in October 2021, the Festival paid particular and exclusive attention to the valorization and promotion of contemporary Italian film production, while also paying homage to films that marked the history of cinema. This happened, for example, with the reunion of the cast from “Mediterraneo” by Gabriele Salvatores after 30 years since the film release, and with the celebration of the great Nino Manfredi for the 100th anniversary of his birth, with screenings of documentaries and live events. This edition was imagined and produced in hybrid form, with completely free access, between in person and online events, in different locations of the city, with digital screenings and meetings.

The 2021 edition had some memorable moments, such as he masterclass and lifetime achievement award to Russian director Aleksandr Sokurov, the presence of actors Silvio Orlando and Alba Rohrwacher, the meetings with Lodo Guenzi (at his film debut) and with filmmaker Michelangelo Frammartino (who presented his film “Il Buco”, “The Hole”), and the homage to Ezio Bosso and the event with Lillo in collaboration with ANEC.

In 2022 the Festival reaches its 18th edition and is once again called Lucca Film Festival, whereas the Europa Cinema and TV brand comes back to the exclusive management of the Municipality of Viareggio.

Editions

2005 Edition
2006 Edition
2007 Edition
2008 Edition
2009 Edition
2010 Edition
2011 Edition
2012 Edition
2013 Edition
2014 Edition
2015 Edition
2016 Edition
2017 Edition
2018 Edition
2019 Edition
2020 Edition
2021 Edition

Short-film competition

The selection claims tens of short films coming from all over the world and selected at the most important cinema festivals. The works presented in the short film competition are judged by three juries: one jury of international experts in audiovisual, one popular jury and one university jury.

Feature film competition
Founded in 2016, the Competition selects Italian premiere films from all over the world. The festival hosted the works of young authors of independent cinema. The works presented in the feature film competition are judged by three juries: a jury of international audiovisual professionals, a popular jury and a third university jury.

Festival venues
Projections and meetings
 Teatro-Auditorium San Girolamo - Lucca
Vincenzo da Massa Carrara Auditorium
Fondazione Banca del Monte Auditorium
Cinema Centrale - Lucca
Cinema Astra - Lucca
Cinema Moderno - Lucca
Cinema Centrale - Viareggio
Cinema Eden - Viareggio
Teatro del Giglio
Exhibitions
 Fondazione Carlo Ludovico Ragghianti - Complesso di S. Micheletto
 Ex Convento di San Francesco - Piazza San Francesco
 Archivio di Stato di Lucca
Lu.CCA - Lucca Center of Contemporary Art
Centro Culturale Agorà  - Piazza dei Servi
Galleria Olio su Tavola
GAMC

References

Related items

 Lucca film festival retrospectives

Lucca
Film festivals in Italy


title: Red Warriors (band)

text:
The Red Warriors are a Japanese rock band founded in 1985. The band played themselves in the 1988 film Tokyo Pop, with lead singer Tadokoro playing the love interest of the American girl in Japan.

Discography
Lesson 1 1986
Casino Drive 1987
King's 1988
King's Rock'n'Roll Show - Live at the Seibu Stadium 1988
Swingin' Daze 1989
Red Song 1989
Red's Box 1992
The World of the Red Warriors 1996
Fire Drops 1997
Live Dogs 2000
Jupiter Tribus 2000
Re:Works 2001
Live Lession 21 2007

References

Musical groups established in 1985
Japanese rock music groups


title: Jill Heinerth

text:
Jill Heinerth (born 1965) is a Canadian cave diver, underwater explorer, writer, photographer and film-maker. She has made TV series for PBS, National Geographic Channel and the BBC, consulted on movies for directors including James Cameron, written several books and produced documentaries including We Are Water and Ben's Vortex, about the disappearance of Ben McDaniel.

Early life and education

As a child, Heinerth was inspired by Jacques Cousteau's television series. In 5th grade, she gave a Science Fair project about mysterious disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. She gained a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Visual Communications Design at York University, and ran a small graphic design agency in Toronto while teaching scuba in Lake Huron's port of Tobermory in the evenings. In 2023 Heinerth was awarded a PhD, (hc) from Victoria University in the University of Toronto.

Career
In 1991, Heinerth quit her office job and moved to the Cayman Islands to dive full-time, honing skills in underwater photography. She then moved to Florida to work on cave diving, where she was mentored by documentary filmmaker Wes Skiles. She collaborated with his Karst Productions, based in High Springs, Florida.

In 1998, Heinerth was part of the team that made the first 3D map of an underwater cave.
Heinerth became the first person to dive the ice caves of Antarctica, penetrating further into an underwater cave system than any woman ever In 2001, she was part of a team that explored ice caves of icebergs where she and her then husband Paul Heinerth "discovered wondrous life and magical vistas" and experienced the calving of an iceberg, documented in the film Ice Island.

In 2015, Heinerth participated in exploring the numerous anchialine caves of Christmas Island.

In 2016 Heinerth led an expedition that explored and surveyed the flooded Bell Island Mines at Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Heinerth is a Fellow of The Explorers Club, and the inaugural Explorer-in-Residence of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society.

She consults on training programmes for diving agencies, publishes photojournalism in a range of magazines and speaks around the world.

Heinerth has written opinion pieces and articles about exploration and climate change for global publications including the Los Angeles Times.

In 2020, Heinerth spoke with the podcast This is Love about diving in ice caves in Antarctica.

Jill Heinerth is a prolific public speaker and educator represented by Speaker's Spotlight agency.

In 2020 [ Heinerth was interviewed] on many radio, TV and podcasts programs including the NPR radio program Fresh Air.

In August of 2022, Heinerth led a team of expeditionary technical divers who confirmed and photographed a lost, sunken WWII bomber at the bottom of Gander Lake in Newfoundland.

Personal life
Heinerth married cave diver Paul Heinerth in 1996; they later divorced. In April 2007, she married her second husband, writer, photographer, and new media expert Robert McClellan, with whom she lives in Carleton Place, Ontario, Canada. Heinerth has described her hobbies as hiking, kayaking and cycling; "My favorite pastime is getting up at dawn and cycling to my local spring where a robust swim against the current of the Santa Fe River starts my day on the right track."

Works

Bibliography

Heinerth, Jill (2019). Into The Planet: My Life as a Cave Diver. Ecco.
Heinerth, Jill (2021). The Aquanaut. Tundra Books.

Film
She has produced TV series for PBS, National Geographic Channel, Discovery Channel and the BBC, consulted on movies for directors including James Cameron. She has produced documentaries including We Are Water and Ben's Vortex.

Jill hosted and shot underwater videography for the Under Thin Ice episode of on the CBC Television Network. Produced by GalaFilm of Montreal, Canada.

Awards

In 2012, Heinerth was named the "Sea Hero of the Year" by SCUBA Diving Magazine.

Heinerth is a member of the Explorers Club, a fellow of the National Speleological Society, and she has been inducted into the Women Divers Hall of Fame.
She won the OZTek Media Award in March 2013. In November 2013, she was awarded the first ever Christopher Ondaatje Medal for Exploration by the Royal Canadian Geographical Society.

In June 2016, Heinerth was named as the first Explorer-in-Residence for the Royal Canadian Geographical Society.

In January 2017, the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences announced that Jill Heinerth was to become a 2017 AUAS Fellow by receiving an NOGI Award for ‘Sports & Education’.

Later that year, on 7 March 2017, the Governor General of Canada announced that Jill Heinerth was to receive the Canadian Polar Medal.

In March 2018 Jill Heinerth was awarded the Beneath The Sea Diver of the Year (Education) Award.

On 18 August 2020 it was announced that Jill Heinerth would be inducted into the International SCUBA Diving Hall of Fame. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the induction will be delayed until 2021.

In February 2021 Jill's Children's book The Aquanaut was selected by Dolly Parton as a Blue Ribbon Selection of Dolly Parton's Imagination Library.

References

External links

Living people
Canadian underwater divers
Underwater photographers
Cave diving explorers
Underwater filmmakers
1965 births
 Women Divers Hall of Fame


title: Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu

text:
Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu () is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language comedy horror film written and directed by Gangai Amaran. The film stars Ramarajan, Gautami, Goundamani, Senthil and Sangili Murugan. It was released on 14 July 1990. The comedy subplot involving Goundamani and Senthil in Singapore attained popularity.

Plot
Selvaraj lives a hometown life with farming, with his mother in Theni district. Selvaraj is a jovial guy who cares for self respect and is responsible in actions. On the other side, Kamatchi is a happy village girl and selvaraj's cousin. Selvaraj's family is managed by his father Ramasamy's income who works in Singapore. Kamatchi's mother Maragadham, a widow, arranges for Kamatchi's marriage sole handedly to a big family from Gokilapuram. Being poor, Maragadham gets help from her sister-in-law Mangalam, Selvaraj's mother for daughter's marriage. On the day of marriage, before the ceremony, groom's father holds the marriage for not fulfilling the agreed dowry. When Selvaraj's mother, Mangalam comes forward to settle the issue, groom's father denies and stops the marriage claiming the groom is above bride's calibre, Also challenges her to marry the bride to her son. Mangalam asks her son to marry the bride. Selvaraj obeys his mother without a word.

That night, Kamatchi becomes furious with Selvaraj and faints. While she is unconscious, Selvaraj sees a mysterious girl's image in Kamatchi's mirror. The next day, Selvaraj receives a letter sent from his father Ramasamy, describing his difficult situation in Singapore and asks Selvaraj to visit there alone. Mangalam asks Selvaraj to visit the temple with his new wife, and informs him of her plan to visit Selvaraj's uncle to discuss their marriage. Selvaraj meets the priests at temple and receives some vibhuti as a blessing.

The second night, Selvaraj inquires Kamachi casually about her past and fears. In minutes, the spirit possesses Kamachi. Selvaraj uses Vibhuti from temple, calls the priests also showing Kamatchi's reflection. Priests use udukai and vibhuti to question the possessed ghost. The spirit gets sensitive to sound and reveals her identity as Mariana from Singapore. Selvaraj's father is in grave danger. And for her to dispossess Kamachi's body, Selvaraj need to go to Singapore. Also she will possess Kamatchi only after sunset. Selvaraj decides to travel to Singapore along with Kamatchi and the two priests. Selvaraj visits his uncle's house to talk about his father's letter. And he tactics to make her stay back pointing the harvest season. Selvaraj along with kamatchi and two priests leave to Singapore.

At Singapore, Selvaraj fails to find the places after wandering around. But after sunset, Mariana possesses Kamatchi and takes them to her house. There mariana reveals the reason behind her death. She was in love with Dinesh, son of a Businessman named Santhosh. Selvaraj's father Ramasamy worked for Santhosh. At first, Santhosh disagrees to Dinesh for marrying mariana due to her financial status. but after ramasamy's advice, he agrees for their marriage. Later, Santhosh tricks to kill Mariana using his henchman from Bangkok. Santhosh presents wedding jewellery to mariana and sends his henchmen behind, to kill her. They act like robbers to Mariana and chase to kill her. Ramasamy helps mariana to escape the robbers, but they kill her putting ramasamy to blame.

Selvaraj knowing his father is in prison, visits him. Ramasamy regrets the blame and advices his son about Santhosh and his threats for him. Selvaraj informs about his marriage and promises to prove him not guilty. Ramasamy asks to seek his friend Nathan's help if needed. Selvaraj meets nathan and gets to know the killer George and his location. Selvaraj visits Bangkok and meets Luis George and threatens to surrender for his crime made to mariana at Chinese temple. George flees and informs Santhosh about ramasamy's son seeking him and his knowledge about mariana's death. Santhosh advices george to kill selvaraj.
Later, George with and his henchmen attack Selvaraj and kamatchi. During the attack, kamatchi gets possessed by mariana subdues the henchman's attack and gets wounded. Next morning, Kamatchi learns from selvaraj what happens with her whenever she gets unconscious. Santhosh absconds George. Nathan advices selvaraj to watch Santhosh's office and house to find the george's hideouts. Selvaraj decides to approach santhosh and enters his house as dancers in dinesh's birthday party. Santhosh learns about the mariana's possession when kamatchi threatens him. Santhosh plans to use chinese sorcerers to dispossess kamatchi's ghost to stop mariana's revenge.

Chinese sorcerers makes the rituals to dispossess mariana ghost. However, selvaraj's priests and prayers surpassing them and conclude with an aarthi. George fears for mariana's revenge and santhosh decides to kill george thinking he would become an approver for mariana's death. Selvaraj tries to save george but george gets killed. Selvaraj meets dinesh to explain the situation. The next day, kamatchi gets kidnapped by santhosh. Survived george arrives to selvaraj to inform his survival and help selvaraj. Selvaraj rushes to santhosh house only to be intervened by santhosh's henchmen. Santhosh flees with kamatchi to an island where selvaraj chases behind and informs george's survival and surrender leading cops. Furious santhosh fires selvaraj where dinesh jumps in, saving selvaraj thereby getting himself killed. Mariana and dinesh gets united in death. Santhosh gets arrested and Ramasamy is proved not guilty. Selvaraj with his family and priests return home happily. At their village, they meet a pedestrian Gangai Amaran wishing them good luck for their life.

Cast
Ramarajan as Selvaraj
Gautami as Kamatchi
Goundamani as Priest
Sangili Murugan as Santhosh
Senthil as Assistant Priest
V. K. Ramasamy as groom's father
Raja as Dinesh
Devipriya as Mariana
Kullamani as second assistant priest

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Gangai Amaran. The song "Sorgame Endralum" is set to the raga Hamsanadam. In May 2015, the FM radio station Radio City commemorated Ilaiyaraaja's 72nd birthday by broadcasting the composer's songs in a special show titled Raja Rajathan for 91 days. "Sorgame Endralum" was one of the most-requested songs on the show.

References

External links

1990 comedy horror films
1990 films
1990s Tamil-language films
Films about spirit possession
Films directed by Gangai Amaran
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Indian comedy horror films


title: Battery Gadsden

text:
Battery Gadsden is a historic artillery battery located at Sullivan's Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It was built in 1903–1904, and is one of a series of batteries stretching from Fort Moultrie to the eastern end of Sullivan's Island. It was named after Christopher Gadsden. Until decommissioned in 1917, the concrete battery housed four, six inch guns. It measures approximately 377 feet long and 84 feet wide, with the front or ocean side of the battery at approximately 7 feet high. Battery Gadsden and its neighbor Battery Thomson provided fortification at the mouth of Charleston Harbor. The battery now houses the Edgar Allan Poe Branch of the Charleston County Public Library. It was built at the same time as Battery Jasper.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

References

External links

Edgar Allan Poe / Sullivan's Island branch page

Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Military installations established in 1904
Buildings and structures in Charleston County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Charleston County, South Carolina


title: Cedric Tillman (Arena football, born April 1970)

text:
Cedric Tillman (born April 22, 1970) is a former American football wide receiver who played eight seasons in the Arena Football League with the Denver Dynamite and Arizona Rattlers. He played college football at Northern Colorado University. Tillman was named Second Team All-Arena in 1994. He was a member of the  Arizona Rattlers teams that won ArenaBowl VIII and ArenaBowl XI.

External links
Just Sports Stats

Living people
1970 births
Players of American football from Colorado
American football wide receivers
American football defensive backs
African-American players of American football
Northern Colorado Bears football players
Denver Dynamite (arena football) players
Arizona Rattlers players
Sportspeople from Pueblo, Colorado
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople


title: John Keith Bousfield

text:
John Keith Bousfield, M.C. (17 November 1893 – 29 October 1945) was a British army officer, general manager of the Asiatic Petroleum Company and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

Biography
He was the son of W. R. Bousfield, K.C., Member of Parliament (1892–1906). He was educated at Rugby School in Warwickshire, and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

On the outbreak of the First World War, he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in November 1914. He embarked for France in August 1915. In early 1917 he was attached as an observer to 57 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps. He made a number of reconnaissance flights over German lines, but on 6 April 1917 his aircraft was brought down and he was taken prisoner of war. He was interned at Karlsruhe, Krefeld, Ströhen and later at Holzminden prisoner-of-war camp. On 24 July 1918, he and 28 other officers escaped from the Holzminden camp through a tunnel which had taken 10 months to dig. He made his way to the Dutch frontier in the clothes of a prisoner of war and then returned to England. He received the Military Cross from King George V at Windsor for his reconnaissance work during the Battle of Somme in 1916.

He later became the general manager of the Asiatic Petroleum Company and also the Asiatic Petroleum Co. (South China). He was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1939 as the representative of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce during the absence of A. L. Shields. He was vice-chairman of the chamber. He was elected chairman of the chamber in 1940.

References

External links

1893 births
1945 deaths
People educated at Uppingham School
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Businesspeople from British Hong Kong
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Flying Corps officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
British expatriates in Hong Kong
British World War I prisoners of war
World War I prisoners of war held by Germany
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Royal Engineers officers
20th-century British businesspeople


title: Media in Fort Collins, Colorado

text:
Fort Collins, Colorado is a center of media in north-central Colorado. The following is a list of media outlets based in the city.

Print

Magazines
Fort Collins Senior Voice, seniors' lifestyle, monthly
The New Scene, entertainment and lifestyle in the Northern Colorado Area, monthly
(SALT), art and entertainment, monthly
College Avenue, student magazine, arts and entertainment, monthly

Newspapers
The Fort Collins Coloradoan is the city's primary newspaper, published daily. Other newspapers published in the city include

Rocky Mountain Collegian, Colorado State University student newspaper, four days a week
North Forty News, events, news, arts and more, monthly

Radio
Fort Collins is a principal city of the Fort Collins-Greeley radio market. In its Fall 2013 ranking of radio markets by population, Arbitron ranked Fort Collins-Greeley 117th in the United States. Due to Fort Collins's proximity to Denver, local listeners can also receive the signal of most radio stations broadcasting from the Denver radio market.

The following is a list of radio stations that broadcast from and/or are licensed to Fort Collins.

AM

FM

Television
Fort Collins is in the Denver television market. Due to Fort Collins's proximity to Cheyenne, Wyoming, local viewers can also receive the signal of several television stations broadcasting in the Cheyenne television market.

The following is a list of television stations that broadcast from and/or are licensed to Fort Collins.

References

Fort Collins


title: Mulan (franchise)

text:
Mulan is a Disney media franchise that began in 1998 with the theatrical release of Mulan.

Films

Animated films

Mulan (1998)

Mulan is a 1998 American animated musical action-comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan. It is the 36th Disney animated feature film, and was released during the Disney Renaissance.

Mulan II

Mulan II is a 2004 American direct-to-video Disney animated film directed by Darrell Rooney and Lynne Southerland and is a sequel to the 1998 animated film Mulan.

Live-action films

Mulan (2020)

Walt Disney Pictures released a live-action version of Mulan produced by Chris Bender and J.C. Spink through their company Benderspink and directed by Niki Caro. The film stars Liu Yifei as the titular character,  Donnie Yen as Commander Tung,  Tzi Ma as Hua Zhou, Jason Scott Lee as Bori Khan, Yoson An as Chen Honghui, Rosalind Chao as Hua Li, Xana Tang as Hua Xiu, Ron Yuan as Sergeant Qiang Gong Li as Xian Lang and  Jet Li as The Emperor of China. Disney had scheduled the film to be released on March 27, but was later delayed to July 24, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was delayed again to August 21, 2020. The film's theatrical release was canceled in the United States and would instead have its premiere for a premium fee on Disney+ on September 4, 2020. It was still released theatrically in countries where theaters re-opened, such as China, as well as in other countries that do not have Disney+. The film had its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on March 9, 2020. A sequel is in development.

Future
In April 2020, it was reported that a Mulan sequel is in development with Chris Bender, Jason T. Reed, and Jake Weiner returning as producers.

Television
Mulan never received a television series. However, the film's characters (usually the title character) have appeared in House of Mouse, Once Upon a Time, and Sofia the First.

Audiobook
In 1999, an audiobook was released on a cassette tape and read-along book.
On 1 January 2004, as part of Disney's Storyteller Series, Mulan was made into an hour long audio book read by Roy Dotrice.

Musical

Mulan Jr.

Mulan Jr. is a stage musical version of the 1998 Disney animated film Mulan. It features many new songs.

Video games

Mulan

Disney's Mulan is a game released on the Game Boy.

Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan

Disney's Animated Storybook: Mulan is a game in the Disney's Animated Storybook series developed by Media Station, which retell the plot of Disney films in abridged and interactive storybook settings. It was released for Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, and PlayStation. The PlayStation version was released under the name Disney's Story Studio: Mulan, with the port developed by Revolution Software (under the name "Kids Revolution").

Kingdom Hearts series
Mushu appears in the first Kingdom Hearts video game and in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories as a summon character. Kingdom Hearts II features a world based on the film, "The Land of Dragons", which includes several characters from the film, including Mulan as a party member.

Disney Infinity

Disney Infinity was an action-adventure toys-to-life video game series developed by Avalanche Software and published by Disney Interactive Studios that ran from 2013 to 2016. Mulan was referenced throughout the series via in-game toys and power discs. In the third and final game in the series, Disney Infinity 3.0, Mulan was released as a playable character for the game's Toy Box mode. Her figure was released on August 30, 2015, the same day the game was first released.

Disney Magic Kingdoms

In a limited time Event focused on Mulan, the world builder video game Disney Magic Kingdoms included Mulan, Li Shang and Mushu as playable characters, as well as some attractions based on locations of the film. Cri-Kee, Khan and Shan Yu were also included as playable characters in later updates. Costumes for Mulan based on her Warrior costume as Ping and her Comfy costume from Ralph Breaks the Internet are also available. All new content in the Mulan collection was included during Lunar Year celebrations.

Theme park attractions

Mulan Parade
The Mulan Parade in Disney's Hollywood Studios premiered on June 19, 1998, which was the same day the movie was released. Mostly using an instrumental of the song "Honor to Us All" (with some of "I'll Make a Man Out of You" thrown in) as the theme, it featured over 53 performers. The parade ended March 11, 2001 and was replaced by the "Stars and Motor Cars" parade. The parade included Mushu, a matchmaker, future brides, pagodas, a moongate, warriors, Shan Yu, the Great Wall, street performers, stiltwalkers, kung-fu performers, a Chinese lion,  Shang, Mulan, and The Emperor. The parade was replaced by Disney Stars and Motor Cars Parade. The Los Angeles Times wrote "The new parade emphasizes richly hued costumes, street choreography and story-telling floats instead of high-tech effects. Highlights include a giant carriage drawn by four huge Percheron horses, and a troupe of performers from Chinese circuses. Its budget is a fifth of what the much-hyped Light Magic parade wound up costing, and its advertising budget is zero."

Meet and greets
Mulan appears at all the Disney Parks as a meetable character, and is based in Adventureland. She is most often joined by Mushu and occasionally Li Shang.

Cast and characters

Music

Soundtracks

Mulan

Mulan: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack for the 1998 Disney animated feature film, Mulan. Released by Walt Disney Records on June 2, 1998, the album featured songs by Matthew Wilder and David Zippel, conducted by Paul Bogaev, and score composed and conducted by Jerry Goldsmith. Vocalists included Lea Salonga, Donny Osmond, 98 Degrees, Jaz Coleman, Stevie Wonder and Christina Aguilera. The album peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard 200 on July 18, 1998, concurrent to the film's run in theaters. No singles from the album charted on the Hot 100, although the Aguilera's cover of "Reflection", did reach number 19 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

 "Written in Stone"
 "Honor to Us All"
 "Reflection"
 "Keep 'Em Guessing"
 "I'll Make a Man Out of You"
 "A Girl Worth Fighting For"

Mulan II
Mulan II: Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for the 2005 Disney animated sequel, Mulan II. Released by Walt Disney Records on January 25, 2005, the album was produced by Brian Rawling, Graham Stack, and Brett Swain, with all scores composed and conducted by Joel McNeely. The album features songs by Jeanine Tesori, Mathew Wilder, and Joel McNeely; lyrics composed by Alexa Junge, David Zippel, and Kate Light. Vocalists include Lea Salonga, Atomic Kitten, Harvey Fierstein, Jerry Tondo, Gedde Watanabe, Randy Crenshaw, Beth Blankenship, Mandy Gonzalez, Judy Kuhn, and Hayley Westenra. The soundtrack earned 3 out of 5 stars in professional ratings from AllMusic.

 "Lesson Number One"
 "Main Title"
 "Like Other Girls"
 "A Girl Worth Fighting For (Redux)"
 "Here Beside Me"
 "(I Wanna Be) Like Other Girls"
 "The Journey Begins"
 "In Love And In Trouble"
 "The Attack"
 "Shang Lives!"

References

Walt Disney Studios (division) franchises


title: Battery Thomson

text:
Battery Thomson is a historic artillery battery located at Sullivan's Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It was built in 1906–1909, and is one of a series of batteries stretching from Fort Moultrie to the eastern end of Sullivan's Island. Until decommissioned in 1947, the concrete battery housed two, ten inch guns. It measures approximately 326 feet long and 84 feet wide, with the front or ocean side of the battery at approximately 10 feet high.  Battery Thomson and its neighbor Battery Gadsden provided fortification at the mouth of Charleston Harbor. It is built in the same style of Battery Jasper.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

References

Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Military installations established in 1909
Buildings and structures in Charleston County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Charleston County, South Carolina


The Germany women's national under-19 football team represents the female under-19s of Germany in the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, and is controlled by the German Football Association.

History

Change of U-18 to U-19

The first four tournaments of the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship were in the U-18 category. In 2001, the German Football Association decided to change the age limit from the U-18 team to U-19.  The move was in preparation for 2002 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship (competition that served as a qualifying tournament for the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship).

Results

UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship

The German team has participated in the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship 20 times; Winning it six times and setting the record for more titles.

Players
Squad for 2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship qualification in Germany

Caps and goals as of 04 April 2017.

Head coach: Maren Meinert

See also
 Germany women's national football team
 Germany women's national under-20 football team
 Germany women's national under-17 football team
 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship

References

External links
 Site of the Under-19 national team at the German Football Association
 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship

Youth football in Germany
European women's national under-19 association football teams
Football


title: Janet Kisa

text:
Janet Kisa (born 5 December 1992) is a Kenyan professional middle- and long-distance runner who competes in track, cross country, and road running events.

Kisa won the silver medal in the 5000 metres at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. She was a team gold medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and runner-up at the 2014 African Cross Country Championships.

Career
Born near Mount Elgon in Kenya, she began competing as a teenager and placed second at the 2009 Shoe4Africa 5km race behind the more experienced Helena Kirop. She established herself at national level in 2011 by winning the junior women's division of the Kenyan Cross Country Championships. At the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships she came fifth in the junior race, helping Kenya to the team silver medals with the individual champion Faith Chepngetich Kipyegon. Her next international appearance brought her the first individual medal of her career: at the 2011 African Junior Athletics Championships she was the silver medallist, forming a Kenyan 1–2 in the 5000 metres with teammate Caroline Chepkoech.

Kisa joined up with the Kenyan Police team in 2012 and placed fifth in their cross country championships and second in their 5000 m race that year. She made her IAAF Diamond League debut in Doha, running a personal best of 8:51.63 minutes for seventh over the 3000 metres. A 5000 m best of 14:57.68 minutes followed at the IAAF Rabat Meeting, where she was runner-up. She tried to make the Kenyan Olympic team but came fifth at the trials. In 2013, she placed third at the Police Cross Country and gained her first senior selection with the same placing at the Kenyan Championships. Kisa's sixth-place finish in the senior race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships brought her a share in the team gold medals with Kenya.

The 2014 African Cross Country Championships saw Kisa place second to Faith Chepngetich Kipyegon and the Kenyan women swept the medals with Alice Nawowuna in third. She made her debut over the half marathon distance in Nice in April and won in a time of 71:01 minutes by a margin of over 2 minutes. On the track she placed fifth at the Golden Gala in a 5000 m personal best of 14:52.59 minutes then was runner-up at the national championships. This brought her selection for Kenya at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. In the 5000 m Commonwealth final Kisa was the runner-up behind Mercy Cherono, winning the first senior track medal of her career.

From the beginning of 2016 she is coached by the Italian Renato Canova.  In the first competitions of the new season, she improved her PB of 3000m (8:32.0 in Doha on 6 May) and of 5000m (14:38.70 in Rabat on 22 May).

Personal bests
1500 metres – 4:14.03 min (2016)
3000 metres – 8:28.33 min (2016)
5000 metres – 14:38.70 min (2016)
10K run – 33:55 min (2013)
Half marathon – 71:01 min (2014)

International competition record

References

External links

Living people
1992 births
Kenyan female long-distance runners
Kenyan female middle-distance runners
People from Mount Elgon District
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Kenya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Kenya
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Kenyan female cross country runners
21st-century Kenyan women
21st-century Kenyan people
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: William Sanders (geologist)

text:
William Sanders (12 January 1799 – 12 November 1875) was an English merchant and geologist.

Early life
Sanders was born in Bristol on 12 January 1799, and educated mainly at a school run by Thomas Exley.

Career
For a time Sanders and a brother were in partnership as corn merchants, but he retired from business to concentrate on scientific work. He was elected Fellow of the Geological Society in 1839, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1864.

He was the founding President of the Bristol Naturalists Society in May 1862 until his death in 1875. Later he helped develop the Bristol Museum, of which for many years he was honorary curator.

Works
A geological map of the Bristol Coalfield, on a scale of four inches to the mile, was Sanders's major work; it was begun in 1835 and finished in 1862, when it was published. It covered an area of 720 square miles, and was laid down from his own surveys. The preparatory topographical map was made under his care and at his own expense, by collating about one hundred parish maps on different scales.

Sanders wrote five papers, read to the British Association, and co-operated with John Phillips's survey of North Devon. He also published a pamphlet on the crystalline form of celestine from Pyle Hill, Bristol, and made a manuscript study of the railway cuttings on from Bath through Bristol to Taunton. He supplied evidence to the health of towns commission, 1844–5, and for a report to the General Board of Health (1850).

Personal life
On 12 November 1875, Sanders died unmarried.

References

Attribution

1799 births
1875 deaths
English merchants
English geologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
19th-century English businesspeople


title: Reversed-Field eXperiment

text:
The Reversed-Field eXperiment (RFX) is the largest reversed field pinch device presently in operation, situated in Padua, Italy. It was constructed from 1985 to 1991, and has been in operation since 1992.

The experiments carried out in the last two decades with two large RFP machines (MST in Madison, Wisconsin and RFX in Padova) provided new insight on the physical phenomena taking place in magnetically confined plasma dynamics.

See also
 List of plasma (physics) articles
 Madison Symmetric Torus

References

External links
 Consorzio RFX website

Magnetic confinement fusion devices
Science and technology in Italy


title: Shawn Holt & the Teardrops

text:
Shawn Holt & the Teardrops are an American blues band, which formed in 2013 following the death of the outfit's former leader, Magic Slim.  Holt being Magic Slim's son.

Career
Shawn Holt commenced his professional career when he was aged 17, touring alongside his father Magic Slim and his uncle Nick Holt, as part of the previous version of the Teardrops. Following that tour, Holt formed his own outfit, Lil' Slim and The Back Alley Blues Band, and continued learning his craft at playing the blues.

Holt became a Teardrop himself in January 2013 and toured with his father that January. During the East coast tour with Johnny Winter, Shawn's father became very ill and ended up in the hospital in Pennsylvania...he told Shawn to carry on. The Teardrops opened for Johnny Winter in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The act was well received and Winter requested that they would continue to be his support act for the remainder of his touring commitment.

In 2013, John Primer, a former Teardrop, was the special guest on Shawn Holt & the Teardrops' debut recording, Daddy Told Me. It was recorded in Chicago, Illinois. Primer played and sang on two of the album's tracks, of which five overall were written by Holt. Two songs on the collection were cover versions of Magic Slim's tracks - "Buddy Buddy Friend" and "Please Don’t Dog Me". Another song covered on the album was "Before You Accuse Me". Daddy Told Me was released on the Blind Pig record label. The album reached number one on the Living Blues blues radio chart in October 2013. Pierre Lacocque of Mississippi Heat noted, upon hearing the album, that Holt "only uses a thumb pick for his guitar, with no special effects, and straight into his amplifier. It is indeed a guitar style that is reminiscent of his father's".

On August 15, 2014, they appeared at the Boundary Waters Blues Festival and the following day at the Fargo Blues Festival, then on to Brazil and California. Shawn Holt & the Teardrops are due to play at the Rawa Blues Festival in October 2014.

Awards
In May 2014, Shawn Holt & the Teardrops won a Blues Music Award for Daddy Told Me in the 'Best New Artist Debut' category.

Band members
Shawn Holt - vocals and guitar
Jimi 'Primetime' Smith - guitar and vocals
Tyson Harrington Bell - bass
Vern Taylor - drums and vocals

formerly
Mike Wheeler - guitar
Brian 'Pickle' Gerkensmeyer - bass, guitar
Russell Jackson - bass
Levi Williams - guitar, vocals
Christopher Biedron

Discography

References

External links
Official website
Live performance on Youtube.com

American blues musical groups
Musical groups established in 2013
Contemporary blues musicians
Musical groups from Mississippi
2013 establishments in Mississippi
Blind Pig Records artists


title: Corrie Dick

text:
Corrie Dick is a Scottish jazz musician (drums, percussion, vocals) and composer based in London. He is recognised for his fluency, gritty sound and euphoric abandon on the drum kit and for his poignant and earthy compositional style.

He comes from a small family with musical and artistic parents. His sole brother Garry Dick, two and a half years his minor, is an accomplished chef in the West of Scotland.

Band and artist associations
As well as leading an ensemble under his own name, Corrie performs and records with artists and bands such as:

 Laura Jurd
 Dinosaur
 Jasper Høiby's Fellow Creatures
 Rob Luft Riser
 Little Lions
 Blue-Eyed Hawk
 Ink Line
 Glasshopper
 Lilli Unwin Band

Corrie also plays improvised solo drum concerts and frequently collaborates with artists such as Martin Speake, Mark Lockheart, Jacob Collier, Bobby Wellins, Brian Kellock, Leafcutter John, Tom Herbert, Pete Wareham, Kit Downes, Jasper Høiby, Jim Mullen and many other notable musicians.

Education
Dick graduated as the gold medal student for the jazz programme at TrinityLaban (2010–14) where he studied composition with present-day bandmate Mark Lockheart, rhythm with Barak Schmool and musicianship with Simon Purcell. He has studied drums privately with Mark Guiliana and Kendrick Scott, traditional drumming in Morocco and kpanlogo drumming in Ghana with Saddiq Addy, nephew of legendary kpanlogo drummer Mustapha Tettey Addy. He also practices traditional world music regularly with guitarist Rob Luft, a close musical peer.

He is an alumnus of Tommy Smith's Youth Jazz Orchestra and of National Youth Jazz Orchestra of Scotland.

Awards
Having been named as 'Up And Coming Artist' in the 2012 Scottish Jazz Awards, Dick won the BBC Radio Scotland Young Scottish Jazz Musician of the Year Competition in 2013 resulting in cash prizes as well as concert performances at London, Glasgow and Skye Jazz Festivals.

Corrie was listed as 'One To Watch' in Jazzwise Magazine's forecasts for 2012 and 2016 and has twice been shortlisted for 'Newcomer of the Year' in the Parliamentary Jazz Awards - in 2015 as part of Blue-Eyed Hawk and in 2016 as a solo artist.

Other achievements
Impossible Things, Dick's debut album as bandleader, was released in November 2015 on the Chaos Collective label, which he co-founded alongside close collaborators Laura Jurd and Elliot Galvin. The album, featuring 9 young stars of the British jazz scene including vocalist/violinist Alice Zawadzki, trumpeter Laura Jurd and percussionist Felix Higginbottom and produced by Finn Peters, was lauded by numerous international reviewers including the Irish Times who said "By turns folksy, rootsy, bluesy and indy, Impossible Things announces the arrival of a new and compelling voice in contemporary European jazz."

Discography

Solo albums
 2015: Impossible Things (Chaos Collective)
 2022: Sun Swells (Ubuntu)

Collaborations
 Blue-Eyed Hawk
 2014: Under The Moon (Edition Records)

 Laura Jurd
 2012: Landing Ground (Chaos Collective)
 2015: Human Spirit (Chaos Collective)

 Dinosaur
 2016: Together, As One (Edition Records)
 2020: To The Earth (Edition Records)

 Jasper Høiby
 2016: Fellow Creatures (Edition Records)

 Little Lions
 2016: Embers (EP) (Independent)

 Chaos Orchestra
 2014: Island Mentality (Chaos Collective)

 Glasshopper
 2014: Jenny (Independent)

References

External links

 Corrie Dick Soundcloud
 Blue-Eyed Hawk on Edition Records
 Laura Jurd Official Website
 Chaos Collective Official Website

1990 births
Living people
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish jazz composers
Scottish jazz drummers
British male drummers
21st-century British drummers
Male jazz composers
21st-century British male musicians
Dinosaur (band) members


The 1916 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1916. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

The 1900s had seen Virginia, like all former Confederate States, almost completely disenfranchise its black and poor white populations through the use of a cumulative poll tax and literacy tests. So severe was the disenfranchising effect of the new 1902 Constitution that the electorate for the 1904 presidential election was halved compared to that of previous elections, and it has been calculated that a third of those who voted were state employees and officeholders.

This limited electorate meant Virginian politics was controlled by political machines based in Southside Virginia — firstly one led by Thomas Staples Martin and after he died the Byrd Organization. Progressive “antiorganization” factions were rendered impotent by the inability of almost all of their potential electorate to vote. Unlike the Deep South, historical fusion with the “Readjuster” Democrats, defection of substantial proportions of the Northeast-aligned white electorate of the Shenandoah Valley and Southwest Virginia over free silver, and an early move towards a “lily white” Jim Crow party meant that in general elections the Republicans retained around one-third of the small statewide electorate, with the majority of GOP support located in the western part of the state. However, in many parts of the state — like in Tennessee during the same period — the parties avoided competition by an agreed division over local offices.

Unlike in 1908, neither major party campaigned in the state — which had voted Democratic in every election since 1876 — during the fall. A straw ballot taken early in September saw Democratic nominee and incumbent President Woodrow Wilson gaining seventy-nine votes to the Republican nominee, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles E. Hughes’ six. Later straw polls in October did not even include the state, and ultimate Virginia voted for Wilson by a slightly greater majority than he had won four years previously. Wilson ultimately won the national election with 49.24 percent of the vote.

Results

Results by county

Notes

References

Virginia
1916
1916 Virginia elections


title: Vicki Golden

text:
Vicki Golden (born July 28, 1992 in San Diego, California) is an American professional Freestyle Motocross rider and the first female team member of Metal mulisha, Since beginning her career in 2000 Golden has won three consecutive gold medals in Women's Moto X Racing at the X Games. She is also the first woman to compete in a freestyle Moto X competition, earning the bronze medal in the best whip category. She currently rides a Suzuki 450/250 motocross bike.

Early career
Golden began racing at the age of seven after seeing her brother and father racing. Golden had to race with the boys because there wasn't enough girls to create a separate race class. Golden's career took off at age 16 when raced the Loretta Lynn's Amateur Motocross National Championships in Tennessee where she won the Women's Amateur National Champion title. In the same year she also earned her AMA/WMX Pro License.

Career Highlights
2008 -     Loretta Lynn's AMA Women's Amateur Champion

2009 -     TransWorld Motocross Magazine's Female Motocross Rookie of the Year

2011 -     Won the gold medal in the Women's Moto X Racing  in the Summer X Games

2011 -    First Female to break top 10 in AMA Arena Cross Lites Main

2011 -    First female to qualify for AMA Arena Cross Premier class night show

2012 -    Won her second gold medal in the Women's Moto X Racing in the Summer X Games

2012 -    Third consecutive gold medal in the Women's Moto X Racing in the Summer X Games
won bronze for Moto X Best Whip

2014 -    First woman to complete Ricky Carmichael's Road to Supercross

2014 -  Nominated for  an ESPY Award in 2014 for  Best Female Action Sports Athlete

2015 -  First woman in Monster Energy AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship, to qualify for the “Fast 40″ – the riders that transition to the night program from time qualifying – which she did for the 2015 finale.

References

Motorcycle racers from San Diego
American motorcycle racers
Female motorcycle racers
1992 births
Freestyle motocross riders
Living people
American sportswomen
21st-century American women


title: Poland at the 2014 European Athletics Championships

text:
Poland competed at the 2014 European Athletics Championships in Zürich, Switzerland, from 12-17 August 2014. A delegation of 61 athletes were sent to represent the country.

Medals

References

Nations at the 2014 European Athletics Championships
2014
European Athletics Championships


title: 2014 San Marino GO&FUN Open – Doubles

text:
Radu Albot and Enrique López-Pérez won the title, beating Franko Škugor and Adrian Ungur 6–4, 6–1

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Doubles Draw

San Marino GOandFUN Open - Doubles
San Marino GO&FUN Open


title: Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya

text:
Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya () is a public girls' school located in Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. It was founded on 5 May 1915 and is considered as the oldest girls' school in Nugegoda.

History

Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya was started as St John's Mixes school with 14 pupils on May 5, 1915. Initially it was a Christian Mission school and the first principal of the school was Rev. Fr. James Henry Wickramanayake. In 1934, the mixes school was separated into Girls' and Boys' schools. The girls' school was known as st John's Girls' School and boys' school was known as St John's boys' college. The schools were under the church of SS Mary and John, Nugegoda.

The girls' school had both English and Sinhala medium classes. There was a Tamil stream as well but the classes were initially at the boys' school and then transferred to a building adjacent to the Church. It became a separate school and was called Tamil Maha Vidyalaya. In 1963 under the government re-organisation of schools, all English medium classes were transferred to st Joseph's Convent. On 1 January 1965 the school was renamed as Samudradevi Ballika Vidyalaya.

Past Principals

Notable alumni
Damitha Abeyratne
Soma Edirisinghe
Uresha Ravihari

References

Girls' schools in Sri Lanka
Educational institutions established in 1915
Schools in Colombo District
1915 establishments in Ceylon


title: St. Stephen High School

text:
St. Stephen High School is a grade 9-12 school located in St. Stephen, New Brunswick.

See also
 List of schools in New Brunswick
 Anglophone South School District

References

Schools in Charlotte County, New Brunswick
St. Stephen, New Brunswick
English-language high schools in New Brunswick


title: Pocahontas (franchise)

text:
Pocahontas is a Disney media franchise that commenced in 1995 with the theatrical release of Pocahontas. The franchise is based on the real-life early 17th-century indigenous woman, Pocahontas.

Films

Pocahontas

Pocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romance-drama film and is the 33rd Disney animated feature film. It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and had a limited release to theaters on June 23, 1995, by Walt Disney Pictures.

Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World

Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World is a 1998 straight-to-video sequel to the 1995 Disney film Pocahontas. The film focuses on Pocahontas' journey to London, England with John Rolfe to negotiate for peace between the two nations.

Video games

Disney's Pocahontas

Disney's Pocahontas is a video game based on the 1995 film of the same name, was released on the Sega Genesis in 1996. The Sega title was developed by Funcom on contract with Disney. It was followed by a later release for the Game Boy and PlayStation on June 10, 1996, nearly a year after the film's premiere. A Super NES version of the game was under development around the same time as the Genesis version, but was canceled due to development being too far behind to coincide with the Genesis release.

Disney's Animated Storybook: Pocahontas
Disney's Animated Storybook: Pocahontas is a part of the Disney's Animated Storybook game series.

Disney Magic Kingdoms
Disney Magic Kingdoms includes a Pocahontas storyline with Pocahontas, Meeko and Percy as playable characters. Grandmother Willow appears as a non-player character being an attraction, with Flit (also a non-player character) flying around her.

Theme park attractions

The Spirit of Pocahontas
The Spirit of Pocahontas was a stage show. It was performed in the Fantasyland Theater at Disneyland in California and on the backlot theater that was originally constructed for the Beauty and the Beast stage show at Disney's Hollywood Studios. It opened at Fantasyland on June 23, 1995, and ran through September 4, 1997. It opened on June 23, 1995, at Disney's Hollywood Studios and closed after eight months in February 1996. The show ran for half an hour with special effects and a score and songs by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz. The show played five times each day.

The musical told the story of Pocahontas through the perspective of her Native American tribe. Storyteller, Werowance, and the Powhatan tribe tell the story of Pocahontas as they remember it. When Pocahontas is summoned, Werowance takes on the role of her father, Chief Powhatan. To represent the English settlers, members of the tribe don silver ceremonial masks. English adventurer, John Smith, materializes from a burning campfire. The puppet face of Grandmother Willow appears on a huge willow tree to offer guidance to Pocahontas and John Smith.

Pocahontas le Spectacle
Pocahontas le Spectacle was a stage show that opened on May 12, 1996 in the Chaparral Theater in the Frontierland section of Disneyland Paris. It dealt with much of the same story as The Spirit of Pocahontas. Audience members were given the opportunity to watch the "filming" of the movie Pocahontas, and some volunteers were asked to take the stage as extras in the production. The entire show was done in a combination of English and French. The show’s run ended on August 29, 1999.

Like The Spirit of Pocahontas, the show retells the story of the Disney film version of Pocahontas from the perspective of the storyteller, Werowance, and the Powhatan tribe.

Pocahontas Indian Village
Pocahontas Indian Village is a part of the Frontierland section of Disneyland Park in Paris, France. Pocahontas Indian Village: Just Around the River Bend is a playground based on a traditional Native American settlement.

Pocahontas and her Forest Friends
Pocahontas and her Forest Friends was a live stage show at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Disney World in Orlando, Florida. It took place at the Camp Minnie-Mickey land at Grandmother Willow’s Grove, which is a 350-seat outdoor theater built for Pocahontas and her Forest Friends. The show opened on April 22, 1998 and closed in 2008. It was a 12-minute show.

The show was about Pocahontas from the 1995 Disney film of the same name. In the show, Pocahontas and Grandmother Willow, along with a new young tree character named Sprig and a host of live animals, teach the audience about the beauty of nature and how to live with Mother Nature in peace and harmony.

Meet and greets
Pocahontas is a popular meetable character at the Disney Parks and Resorts, and is located in Frontierland, and at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. She is often accompanied by Meeko, and occasionally John Smith.

Music

Pocahontas: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack

Pocahontas: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1995 Disney animated film, Pocahontas. It contains songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz, conducted by David Friedman, and performed by Judy Kuhn, Mel Gibson, Linda Hunt, Jim Cummings and David Ogden Stiers among others, and singles by Jon Secada and Shanice, and Vanessa Williams, along with the film's score composed by Alan Menken. It was released by Walt Disney Records on May 23, 1995 on CD and audio cassette.

 "The Virginia Company"
 "Steady as the Beating Drum"
 "Just Around the Riverbend"
 "Listen with Your Heart"
 "Mine, Mine, Mine"
 "Colors of the Wind"
 "If I Never Knew You"
 "Savages"

Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World soundtrack

Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (Music from the Motion Picture) is the soundtrack EP from the 1998 Disney film, Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World.

Other

Disney on Ice: Forever Love featuring Pocahontas
Disney on Ice: Forever Love featuring Pocahontas was a Disney on Ice show, which made its debut in 1996, a year after the release of Disney's Pocahontas. The ice show toured the United States and the world until 2000.

Mickey and friends presented many Disney animated films on ice, but the main attraction of this show was Disney's newest animated film, Pocahontas. All of the stories presented in the show are about one major theme: a love that lasts forever. Pocahontas's love is presented to the audience as she and her true love, John Smith, paint with all of the "colors of the wind," as they do in the film.

Controversy
Pocahontas is the most well-known example of a Native American woman in mainstream media, and the reception of the 1995 film she stars in has been controversial.

Despite Disney's claims that the Pocahontas franchise was meant to counter prejudice and create cooperation, critics have argued that the storyline contains unacceptable historical inaccuracies.

Critics say the franchise contains harmful stereotypes, overlooks real history, and overshadows the opportunity for real Native American women to be represented in a fair way.

Cast and characters

References

Walt Disney Studios (division) franchises


title: Savages (Pocahontas song)

text:
"Savages" is a song from the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas. It addresses themes of othering, xenophobia, and genocide. The song has been met with mixed to negative reviews from critics, with some deeming it to be racist, stating that it encourages the listener to dehumanize Native Americans.

Synopsis
The song sees the colonists and the Native Americans sing about how the other group are savages, and how they will go to war to wipe out the other race. The "Powhatans and the colonists break into the same song as they prepare for the upcoming battle".

Composition
Pocahontas sings counterpoint melodies during the song which are variations on "Colors of the Wind" and "Steady As The Beating Drum". She sings of peace and love to juxtapose their words.

The song has two parts. The first part sees the colonists and the natives each declare the other to be inhuman as they prepare to fight. The second part intertwines Pocahontas's race to stop the execution of John Smith with the colonists and natives vowing to destroy and exterminate the other side.

This has been described as a "war call that brings back fond memories of the ensemble layers of "The Mob Song" in the 1991 film Beauty and the Beast and the ominous tone of "Hellfire" in the 1996 film The Hunchback of Notre Dame".

Themes
The song seemingly condemns the mixing of races, which some critiques have pointed out is a social construct. The colonist side is critical of those who do not believe in the Christian God. However, the Native Americans also demonize the white colonists, describing them as "demon" and "paleface", and "wonder[ing] if they even bleed". It is "heavily emphasized that the difference between the two peoples are the real cause of the war".

Reception
The Washington Post wrote "The most heavy-handed of the seven songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, "Savages" lacks the vivacity and wit that Menken's late partner, Howard Ashman, brought to previous Disney musicals". Hidefdigest said "From "Just Around the Riverbend" to "Savages," 'Pocahontas' has one of the Disney's most unforgettable soundtracks". It however praised the audio and visual quality: "Each of the memorable songs is belted at lofty volumes that seem to surround the listener. The best example of this is the "Savages" musical number. The sub-woofer pounds out the drum beats while both camps sing about their hate for each other. Their voices echo throughout the soundfield. The low-end sonics are deep and rumbling. It's probably the best sounding sequence of the whole film." Americana E-Journal said "This song "Savages" does not lack political incorrectness; moreover, it is nothing but the shocking anger and grievance felt against the other" and notes the song serves as a substitute to actually depicting the bloody war.

The "Pocahontas Paradox: A Cautionary Tale for Educators" describes the song as "especially unsettling" and "brutal", arguing "While the song presumably meant to unearth and thus neutralize from a perspective 350 years after the fact a pervasive racism of the earlier era, the song nonetheless embodies a complexity of attitudes and beliefs that remain, at their core, offensive to American Indian people and needless to say detrimental to Indian children". Gurl deemed it "gross" and unnecessary, adding "They could have portrayed the issues between settlers and Native Americans without throwing in a catchy song that perpetuates the idea that Native American people aren't human". University of Texas anthropologist Pauline Turner Strong wrote "for many Native Americans 'savage' is the 'S' word, as potent and degrading as the word 'rigger.' I cannot imagine the latter epithet repeated so often, and set to music in a G-rated film and its soundtrack. It is even more shocking to write it in a review. Is 'savage' more acceptable because it is used reciprocally? But then does this not downplay the role the colonial ideology of savagism played in the extermination and dispossession of indigenous people."

References

Songs from Pocahontas (1995 film)
1995 songs
Songs with music by Alan Menken
Songs written by Stephen Schwartz (composer)
Disney Renaissance songs
Songs about Native Americans
Film controversies in the United States
Disney controversies
Race-related controversies in music
Jim Cummings songs
David Ogden Stiers songs
Song recordings produced by Alan Menken
Vocal collaborations
Songs about death
Native American-related controversies


title: Orange Bay (horse)

text:
Orange Bay (foaled 1972) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was originally trained in Italy, where he was one of the leading colts of his generation in 1974 and 1975, winning the Premio Emanuele Filiberto and the Derby Italiano and being placed in the Gran Criterium, Gran Premio d'Italia and Gran Premio di Milano. He was moved to England in the late summer of his three-year-old season and subsequently emerged as one of the leading middle distance horses in Europe. In 1976 he won the Jockey Club Stakes and Hardwicke Stakes and finished a close third in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, In the following year he won the Cumberland Lodge Stakes and produced his best effort when beaten a short head by The Minstrel in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. He was retired from racing at the end of 1977 to become a breeding stallion but made no impact as a sire of winners.

Background
Orange Bay was an exceptionally good-looking bay horse with no white markings bred in the United Kingdom by his owner Dr Carlo Vittadini (1915–2007). He was from the last crop of foals sired in Britain by the Eclipse Stakes winner Canisbay, who was then exported to Italy. Orange Bay's dam, Orange Triumph, failed to win a race, but came from an established Italian family, being a granddaughter of the Oaks d'Italia winner Fior d'Orchidea whose other descendants included Ovac (Premio Parioli), Oise (Gran Premio di Milano, Orsa Maggiore (Oaks d'Italia, Gran Premio di Milano), Premio Roma) and Orvieto (Gran Criterium). The colt was sent into training with Mario Benetti in Italy.

Racing career

1974: two-year-old season
Racing in Italy, Orange Bay won his first two races over 1400 metres and 1500 metres. He was then moved up in class to contest Italy's most prestigious race for two-year-olds, the Group One Gran Criterium over 1500 metres at the San Siro Racecourse in Milan. He appeared an unlucky loser as he finished second to Start.

1975: three-year-old season
After finishing second on his debut as a three-year-old, Orange Bay won the Group Two Premio Emanuele Filiberto over 2000 metres in Milan on 20 April, beating the British-trained Hobnob (later to win the Dante Stakes) by two lengths. On 11 May he started the 4/5 favourite for the Derby Italiano over 2400 metres at the Capannelle Racecourse in Rome and won by three lengths from Pierre Curie with Manolo Borromeo five lengths away in third. Orange Bay started 1/2 favourite for the Gran Premio d'Italia in Milan on 1 June, but finished second, beaten a short neck by Laodemonte. In the Gran Premio di Milano two weeks later, Orange Bay was matched against older horses for the first time and finished fourth behind Star Appeal, Duke of Marmalade and Un Kopeck, with Dahlia in fifth. He was promoted to third after Un Kopeck was disqualified following a stewards' inquiry. He was then relocated to England and entered the stable of Peter Walwyn at Lambourn in Berkshire. On his first appearance for his new trainer, Orange Bay won a minor race at Windsor Racecourse in September.

1976: four-year-old season
Orange Bay made very good physical progress in the winter of 1976/7 and looked impressive when he made his debut in the Earl of Sefton Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse in April. Racing over an inadequate distance he finished third behind Chil The Kite and Dominion, conceding weight to both horses. In April, ridden by Pat Eddery, he started at odds of 3/1 for the Jockey Club Stakes over one and a half miles at the same course. He won narrowly from Libra's Rib and Dakota, to both of whom he was conceding seven pounds. Despite the colt's success, Walwyn felt that he had been unsuited by the slow pace and was capable of better.

At Royal Ascot in June, Orange Bay was matched against the 1975 St Leger Stakes winner Bruni in the Hardwicke Stakes for which he started at odds of 9/2. Eddery tracked Libra's Rib before taking the lead half a mile from the finish and maintained his advantage until the final furlong when he was overtaken by Bruni. Orange Bay rallied strongly to regain the advantage in the final strides and won by a head. Orange Bay was then moved up to the highest level for Britain's most important weight-for-age race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot in July. Restrained by Eddery in the early stages, Orange Bay produced a sustained run in the straight and finished third, beaten a length and a head by Pawneese and Bruni. Eddery claimed that Orange Bay had been hampered when Youth ran wide on the final turn, but this view was not widely accepted.

In September, Orange Bay was sent to Germany for the Grosser Preis von Baden but ran very poorly on heavy ground and finished unplaced behind the locally trained three-year-old Sharper. Orange Bay was prepared for a run in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe but did not contest the race, reportedly because Walwyn did not want to run the horse on very soft ground.

1977: five-year-old season
Orange Bay's form in the early part of 1977 was not particularly impressive. He finished fourth behind Decent Fellow in the John Porter Stakes at Newbury Racecourse in April over one and a half miles and then won the Aston Park Stakes over thirteen and a half furlongs at the same course a month later, having to be hard ridden to prevail by a length from Laomedonte (Timeform rating 113). At Royal Ascot he attempted to win the Hardwicke Stakes for the second time but finished unplaced behind Meneval. Timeform described his performance in the last-named race as "abysmal".

Orange Bay was equipped with blinkers for the first time when he contested the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes for the second time. Starting a 20/1 outsider he raced just behind the leaders in third place before turning into the straight in third place and overtaking Mart Lane to take the lead two furlong from the finish. He looked the likely winner before being challenged and headed by The Derby winner The Minstrel inside the final furlong but rallied strongly in the final strides and was beaten only a short head by the three-year-old. Exceller finished third ahead of Crystal Palace, Norfolk Air, Lucky Wednesday and Bruni. The horse wore the same headgear in his remaining three races. In August, Orange Bay was brought back in distance for the Benson and Hedges Gold Cup over ten and a half furlongs at York Racecourse and finished third behind Relkino and Artaius. He was then theoretically dropped in class for the Cumberland Lodge Stakes over one and a half miles at Ascot in September a race which also attracted Meneval and the Epsom Derby runner-up Hot Grove. Starting the 11/8 favourite he took the lead after half a mile and was never seriously challenged, winning by four lengths from Meneval.

Orange Bay's final race was the 1977 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe for which he started 8/1 second favourite. In a slowly-run race he was among the leaders from the start but was unable to quicken in the straight and dropped away to finish seventeenth of the twenty-six runners behind Alleged. In their annual Racehorses of 1977 Timeform were critical of Eddery's tactics, arguing that he should have sent the horse to the front and set a stronger pace.

Assessment
Orange Bay was rated the second best two-year-old in Italy (level with Bolkonski) in 1974. In the following year the independent Timeform organisation awarded him a rating of 123 and described him as "one to keep an eye on". In 1976, Orange Bay was rated the third-best horse in Britain, level with Bruni and Lochnager and two pounds behind Sagaro and Vitiges. Timeform awarded him a rating of 129, six pounds below their Horse of the Year, Youth. Orange Bay received a peak Timeform rating of 131 in 1978, six pounds behind Alleged. In the inaugural International Classification, Orange Bay was rated the best older horse (alongside Balmerino) and the fourth-best horse in Europe behind Alleged, Blushing Groom and The Minstrel.

Stud record
Orange Bay was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion, with an estimated value of £168,000 and started his stud career at Beech House Stud in Newmarket. He had little success, although one of his daughters, Ina Seville, finished second in the Prix des Chênes. He was later exported to stand in Poland where his last reported foals were born in 1991.

Pedigree

References

1972 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in Italy
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 16-c


title: Insulin-like growth factor receptor

text:
The insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) include the following two receptors:

 Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)
 Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R)

See also
 Insulin-like growth factor
 Insulin-like growth factor 1
 Insulin-like growth factor 2
 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein

References

G protein-coupled receptors


title: Cocheco Mills

text:
The Cocheco Mills comprise a historic mill complex in the heart of Dover, New Hampshire. The mills occupy a bend in the Cochecho River that has been site of cotton textile manufacturing since at least 1823, when the Dover Manufacturing Company supplanted earlier sawmills and gristmills. The present mill buildings were built between the 1880s and the early 20th century, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Description
The surviving elements of the mill complex are six major manufacturing buildings, the dam and wheel house which diverted water to the mills, a steel bridge, and the smokestack and remains of the boiler house of the complex.

Dam, wheel house and bridge
The dam stretches across the Cochecho River in a broad arc roughly west of mills #2 and #3. It is made of rough-cut granite ashlar, and stands between 9 and 150 feet in height. It has a modern concrete spillway. The dam was built sometime between 1905 and 1925, replacing an earlier dam. The wheel house stands east of mill #2, and is a small single-story brick structure built on a concrete arch which spans the space between mill #2 and the river. The bridge is a steel truss structure spanning the river west of mill #3. Probably built in the 1880s, it has wooden decking and a decorative balustrade.

Mills
There are four main mill buildings in the complex.  The #1 mill is a five-story brick building located south of Washington Street. It was built in 1908 after the previous #1 mill was destroyed by fire; portions of the older structure that survived the fire were supposedly reused in its construction. The 1880 #2 mill marks the northern end of the complex, and is located between Main Street and Central Avenue. It is a four-story brick structure, and is joined at the south end to mill #3, which was built in 1881 and actually spans the river.  An L-shaped extension added in 1909 replaced the old #4 mill. The #5 mill, built in 1825, is the oldest surviving element in the complex.  Originally 25 bays in length, a portion of the building was demolished in the mid-20th century, leaving the present 10 bays.  It has a distinctive Gothic Revival tower to which a belfry was added in the 1850s.

Picker houses
There are two picker houses, both built between 1905 and 1925.  The #1 house is adjacent to the #1 mill at the south end of the complex.  It is a brick structure three stories tall and roughly 12 bays long and 8 wide.  It is joined to the #1 mill by a pair of two-story enclosed bridges.  The #2 house is at the north end of the complex; it is a brick structure three stories tall, although because of the site topography one facade only shows two stories.  Also 12 by 8 bays in dimension, it was once connected by an enclosed bridge to mill #2, but this has been removed.

History

Cotton textile manufacturing began on the Cochecho River with the Dover Cotton Factory, built in 1815 about two miles upstream at "Upper Factory" village. In 1823 it was renamed the Dover Manufacturing Company and reestablished at Cochecho Falls, but was not successful. In 1827 a new company, the Cocheco Manufacturing Company, was established with a capital of $1,500,000, but as historian Caroline Harwood Garland writes in 1897, "By an error of the engrossing clerk in the act of incorporation, the old Indian name, Cochecho, became Cocheco." Another historian, Alonzo Hall Quint, would comment, "The chief fault of the present Company is their barbarous spelling of 'Cocheco' instead of 'Cochecho,' for which no possible excuse exists.". Here in 1834 was one of the first textile mill strikes "in which women participated virtually alone." It lasted three days, prompted by a reduction in their pay.

By 1898, the Cocheco Manufacturing Company covered over 30-acres of floor pace, operated 130,000 spindles in 2,800 looms, and employed 2000 workers earning an average wage of 53 cents a day, six days a week. Housed in 15 buildings, the Cocheco Print Works produced over 65,000,000 yards of finished cloth a year. "Work in the mills was dirty, monotonous and loud," writes author Mark A. Leno, Jr. Then in 1909 the plant was purchased by Pacific Mill Works of Lawrence, Massachusetts, which in 1911 petitioned the US Board on Geographic Names to drop the river's historic spelling Cochecho and substitute the mill's spelling Cocheco. The manufacture of cotton textiles continued as before, but Pacific removed the Print Works machinery to its headquarters in Lawrence, and the buildings of the Print Works, built in 1842–1843, were torn down in 1913. Where they stood is now Henry Law Park.

Competition from textile processors in the American South, unburdened by the North's heating costs, combined with the effects of the Great Depression, led Pacific to shutter the complex in 1937. The city purchased the complex at auction in 1941. The buildings have since been home to a succession of smaller enterprises, primarily engaged in manufacturing. The buildings also house offices, restaurants, breweries and bars.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Strafford County, New Hampshire

References

External links

Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Buildings and structures completed in 1848
Buildings and structures in Dover, New Hampshire
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Strafford County, New Hampshire
Textile mills in the United States


title: Trinity Christian High School (Hull, Iowa)

text:
Trinity Christian High School is a private, Calvinist high school affiliated with the Protestant Reformed Churches in America in Hull, Iowa, United States, serving students in grades 9–12. It is one of two Calvinist secondary schools in the city. Western Christian High School is the other. Trinity Christian was founded in 2008, as a successor to Northwest Iowa Protestant Reformed School and secondary school for Hull Protestant Reformed Christian School. The school mascot, chosen in 2012, is the Tiger. The school joined the War Eagle Conference in 2013 and also attained Iowa Board of Education special accreditation that year. A one to one computing initiative began in 2014.

Athletics
The Tigers compete in the following sports in the War Eagle Conference:

Cross Country
Volleyball
Football
Basketball
Track and Field
Golf
Baseball
Softball
Robotics

See also
List of high schools in Iowa

References

Christian schools in Iowa
Private schools in Iowa
Educational institutions established in 2008
Schools in Sioux County, Iowa
Private high schools in Iowa
Hull, Iowa
2008 establishments in Iowa