title: Single-layer materials

text:
In materials science, the term single-layer materials or 2D materials refers to crystalline solids consisting of a single layer of atoms. These materials are promising for some applications but remain the focus of research. Single-layer materials derived from single elements generally carry the -ene suffix in their names, e.g. graphene. Single-layer materials that are compounds of two or more elements have -ane or -ide suffixes. 2D materials can generally be categorized as either 2D allotropes of various elements or as compounds (consisting of two or more covalently bonding elements).

It is predicted that there are hundreds of stable single-layer materials. The atomic structure and calculated basic properties of these and many other potentially synthesisable single-layer materials, can be found in computational databases. 2D materials can be produced using mainly two approaches: top-down exfoliation and bottom-up synthesis. The exfoliation methods include sonication, mechanical, hydrothermal, electrochemical, laser-assisted, and microwave-assisted exfoliation.

Single element materials

C: graphene and graphyne
Graphene

Graphene is a crystalline allotrope of carbon in the form of a nearly transparent (to visible light) one atom thick sheet. It is hundreds of times stronger than most steels by weight. It has the highest known thermal and electrical conductivity, displaying current densities 1,000,000 times that of copper. It was first produced in 2004.

Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". They first produced it by lifting graphene flakes from bulk graphite with adhesive tape and then transferring them onto a silicon wafer.

Graphyne
Graphyne is another 2-dimensional carbon allotrope whose structure is similar to graphene's. It can be seen as a lattice of benzene rings connected by acetylene bonds. Depending on the content of the acetylene groups, graphyne can be considered a mixed hybridization, spn, where 1 < n < 2, compared to graphene (pure sp2) and diamond (pure sp3).

First-principle calculations using phonon dispersion curves and ab-initio finite temperature, quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations showed graphyne and its boron nitride analogues to be stable.

The existence of graphyne was conjectured before 1960. It has not yet been synthesized. However, graphdiyne (graphyne with diacetylene groups) was synthesized on copper substrates. Recently, it has been claimed to be a competitor for graphene due to the potential of direction-dependent Dirac cones.

B: borophene

Borophene is a crystalline atomic monolayer of boron and is also known as boron sheet.
First predicted by theory in the mid-1990s in a freestanding state, and then demonstrated as distinct monoatomic layers on substrates by Zhang et al.,
different borophene structures were experimentally confirmed in 2015.

Ge: germanene

Germanene is a two-dimensional allotrope of germanium with a buckled honeycomb structure.
Experimentally synthesized germanene exhibits a honeycomb structure.
This honeycomb structure consists of two hexagonal sub-lattices that are vertically displaced by 0.2 A from each other.

Si: silicene

Silicene is a two-dimensional allotrope of silicon, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to that of graphene. Its growth is scaffolded by a pervasive Si/Ag(111) surface alloy beneath the two-dimensional layer.

Sn: stanene

Stanene is a predicted topological insulator that may display dissipationless currents at its edges near room temperature. It is composed of tin atoms arranged in a single layer, in a manner similar to graphene. Its buckled structure leads to high reactivity against common air pollutants such as NOx and COx and it is able to trap and dissociate them at low temperature.
A structure determination of stanene using low energy electron diffraction has shown ultra-flat stanene on a Cu(111) surface.

Pb: plumbene
Plumbene is a two-dimensional allotrope of lead, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to that of graphene.

P: phosphorene

Phosphorene is a 2-dimensional, crystalline allotrope of phosphorus. Its mono-atomic hexagonal structure makes it conceptually similar to graphene. However, phosphorene has substantially different electronic properties; in particular it possesses a nonzero band gap while displaying high electron mobility. This property potentially makes it a better semiconductor than graphene.
The synthesis of phosphorene mainly consists of micromechanical cleavage or liquid phase exfoliation methods. The former has a low yield while the latter produce free standing nanosheets in solvent and not on the solid support. The bottom-up approaches like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are still blank because of its high reactivity. Therefore, in the current scenario, the most effective method for large area fabrication of thin films of phosphorene consists of wet assembly techniques like Langmuir-Blodgett involving the assembly followed by deposition of nanosheets on solid supports.

Sb: antimonene

Antimonene is a two-dimensional allotrope of antimony, with its atoms arranged in a buckled honeycomb lattice. Theoretical calculations predicted that antimonene would be a stable semiconductor in ambient conditions with suitable performance for (opto)electronics. Antimonene was first isolated in 2016 by micromechanical exfoliation and it was found to be very stable under ambient conditions. Its properties make it also a good candidate for biomedical and energy applications.

In a study made in 2018, antimonene modified screen-printed electrodes (SPE's) were subjected to a galvanostatic charge/discharge test using a two-electrode approach to characterize their supercapacitive properties. The best configuration observed, which contained 36 nanograms of antimonene in the SPE, showed a specific capacitance of 1578 F g−1 at a current of 14 A g−1. Over 10,000 of these galvanostatic cycles, the capacitance retention values drop to 65% initially after the first 800 cycles, but then remain between 65% and 63% for the remaining 9,200 cycles. The 36 ng antimonene/SPE system also showed an energy density of 20 mW h kg−1 and a power density of 4.8 kW kg−1. These supercapacitive properties indicate that antimonene is a promising electrode material for supercapacitor systems. A more recent study, concerning antimonene modified SPEs shows the inherent ability of antimonene layers to form electrochemically passivated layers to facilitate electroanalytical measurements in oxygenated environments, in which the presence of dissolved oxygens normally hinders the analytical procedure. The same study also depicts the in-situ production of antimonene oxide/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites as electrocatalytic platforms for the determination of nitroaromatic compounds.

Bi: bismuthene

Bismuthene, the two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of bismuth, was predicted to be a topological insulator. It was predicted that bismuthene retains its topological phase when grown on silicon carbide in 2015. The prediction was successfully realized and synthesized in 2016. At first glance the system is similar to graphene, as the Bi atoms arrange in a honeycomb lattice. However the bandgap is as large as 800mV due to the large spin–orbit interaction (coupling) of the Bi atoms and their interaction with the substrate. Thus, room-temperature applications of the quantum spin Hall effect come into reach. It has been reported to be the largest nontrivial bandgap 2D topological insulator in its natural state. Top-down exfoliation of bismuthene has been reported in various instances with recent works promoting the implementation of bismuthene in the field of electrochemical sensing. Emdadul et al. predicted the mechanical strength and phonon thermal conductivity of monolayer β-bismuthene through atomic-scale analysis. The obtained room temperature (300K) fracture strength is ~4.21 N/m along the armchair direction and ~4.22 N/m along the zigzag direction. At 300 K, its Young's moduli are reported to be ~26.1 N/m and ~25.5 N/m, respectively, along the armchair and zigzag directions. In addition, their predicted phonon thermal conductivity of ~1.3 W/m∙K at 300 K is considerably lower than other analogous 2D honeycombs, making it a promising material for thermoelectric operations.

Metals

Single and double atom layers of platinum in a two-dimensional film geometry has been demonstrated. These atomically thin platinum films are epitaxially grown on graphene which imposes a compressive strain that modifies the surface chemistry of the platinum, while also allowing charge transfer through the graphene. Single atom layers of palladium with the thickness down to 2.6 Å, and rhodium with the thickness of less than 4 Å have also been synthesized and characterized with atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

2D alloys

Two-dimensional alloys (or surface alloys) are a single atomic layer of alloy that is incommensurate with the underlying substrate. One example is the 2D ordered alloys of Pb with Sn and with Bi. Surface alloys have been found to scaffold two-dimensional layers, as in the case of silicene.

2D supracrystals

The supracrystals of 2D materials have been proposed and theoretically simulated. These monolayer crystals are built of supra atomic periodic structures where atoms in the nodes of the lattice are replaced by symmetric complexes. For example, in the hexagonal structure of graphene patterns of 4 or 6 carbon atoms would be arranged hexagonally instead of single atoms, as the repeating node in the unit cell.

Compounds
Boron nitride nanosheet

Titanate nanosheet
Borocarbonitrides
MXenes
2D silica
Niobium bromide and Niobium chloride ()

Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

The most commonly studied two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) is monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Several phases are known, notably the 1T and 2H phases. The naming convention reflects the structure: the 1T phase has one "sheet" (consisting of a layer of S-Mo-S; see figure) per unit cell in a trigonal crystal system, while the 2H phase has two sheets per unit cell in a hexagonal crystal system. The 2H phase is more common, as the 1T phase is metastable and spontaneously reverts to 2H without stabilization by additional electron donors (typically surface S vacancies).

The 2H phase of MoS2 (Pearson symbol hP6; Strukturbericht designation C7) has space group P63/mmc. Each layer contains Mo surrounded by S in trigonal prismatic coordination. Conversely, the 1T phase (Pearson symbol hP3) has space group P-3m1, and octahedrally-coordinated Mo; with the 1T unit cell containing only one layer, the unit cell has a c parameter slightly less than half the length of that of the 2H unit cell (5.95 Å and 12.30 Å, respectively). The different crystal structures of the two phases result in differences in their electronic band structure as well. The d-orbitals of 2H-MoS2 are split into three bands: dz2, dx2-y2,xy, and dxz,yz. Of these, only the dz2 is filled; this combined with the splitting results in a semiconducting material with a bandgap of 1.9eV. 1T-MoS2, on the other hand, has partially filled d-orbitals which give it a metallic character.

Because the structure consists of in-plane covalent bonds and inter-layer van der Waals interactions, the electronic properties of monolayer TMDs are highly anisotropic. For example, the conductivity of MoS2 in the direction parallel to the planar layer (0.1–1 ohm−1cm−1) is ~2200 times larger than the conductivity perpendicular to the layers. There are also differences between the properties of a monolayer compared to the bulk material: the Hall mobility at room temperature is drastically lower for monolayer 2H MoS2 (0.1–10 cm2V−1s−1) than for bulk MoS2 (100–500 cm2V−1s−1). This difference arises primarily due to charge traps between the monolayer and the substrate it is deposited on.

MoS2 has important applications in (electro)catalysis. As with other two-dimensional materials, properties can be highly geometry-dependent; the surface of MoS2 is catalytically inactive, but the edges can act as active sites for catalyzing reactions. For this reason, device engineering and fabrication may involve considerations for maximizing catalytic surface area, for example by using small nanoparticles rather than large sheets or depositing the sheets vertically rather than horizontally. Catalytic efficiency also depends strongly on the phase: the aforementioned electronic properties of 2H MoS2 make it a poor candidate for catalysis applications, but these issues can be circumvented through a transition to the metallic (1T) phase. The 1T phase has more suitable properties, with a current density of 10 mA/cm2, an overpotential of –187 mV relative to RHE, and a Tafel slope of 43 mV/decade (compared to 94 mV/decade for the 2H phase).

Graphane
While graphene has a hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure with alternating double-bonds emerging from its sp2-bonded carbons, graphane, still maintaining the hexagonal structure, is the fully hydrogenated version of graphene with every sp3-hybrized carbon bonded to a hydrogen (chemical formula of (CH)n). Furthermore, while graphene is planar due to its double-bonded nature, graphane is rugged, with the hexagons adopting different out-of-plane structural conformers like the chair or boat, to allow for the ideal 109.5° angles which reduce ring strain, in a direct analogy to the conformers of cyclohexane. Graphane was first theorized in 2003, was shown to be stable using first principles energy calculations in 2007, and was first experimentally synthesized in 2009. There are various experimental routes available for making graphane, including the top-down approaches of reduction of graphite in solution or hydrogenation of graphite using plasma/hydrogen gas as well as the bottom-up approach of chemical vapor deposition. Graphane is an insulator, with a predicted band gap of 3.5 eV; however, partially hydrogenated graphene is a semi-conductor, with the band gap being controlled by the degree of hydrogenation.

Germanane
Germanane is a single-layer crystal composed of germanium with one hydrogen bonded in the z-direction for each atom. Germanane's structure is similar to graphane, Bulk germanium does not adopt this structure. Germanane is produced in a two-step route starting with calcium germanide. From this material, the calcium (Ca) is removed by de-intercalation with HCl to give a layered solid with the empirical formula GeH. The Ca sites in Zintl-phase CaGe2 interchange with the hydrogen atoms in the HCl solution, producing GeH and CaCl2.

SLSiN
SLSiN (acronym for Single-Layer Silicon Nitride), a novel 2D material introduced as the first post-graphene member of Si3N4, was first discovered computationally in 2020 via density-functional theory based simulations. This new material is inherently 2D, insulator with a band-gap of about 4 eV, and stable both thermodynamically and in terms of lattice dynamics.

Combined surface alloying

Often single-layer materials, specifically elemental allotrops, are connected to the supporting substrate via surface alloys. By now, this phenomena has been proven via a combination of different measurement techniques for silicene, for which the alloy is difficult to prove by a single technique, and hence has not been expected for a long time. Hence, such scaffolding surface alloys beneath two-dimensional materials can be also expected below other two-dimensional materials, significantly influencing the properties of the two-dimensional layer. During growth, the alloy acts as both, foundation and scaffold for the two-dimensional layer, for which it paves the way.

Organic
Ni3(HITP)2 is an organic, crystalline, structurally tunable electrical conductor with a high surface area. HITP is an organic chemical (2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene). It shares graphene's hexagonal honeycomb structure. Multiple layers naturally form perfectly aligned stacks, with identical 2-nm openings at the centers of the hexagons. Room temperature electrical conductivity is ~40 S cm−1, comparable to that of bulk graphite and among the highest for any conducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The temperature dependence of its conductivity is linear at temperatures between 100 K and 500 K, suggesting an unusual charge transport mechanism that has not been previously observed in organic semiconductors.

The material was claimed to be the first of a group formed by switching metals and/or organic compounds. The material can be isolated as a powder or a film with conductivity values of 2 and 40 S cm−1, respectively.

Polymer
Using melamine (carbon and nitrogen ring structure) as a monomer, researchers created 2DPA-1, a 2-dimensional polymer sheet held together by hydrogen bonds. The sheet forms spontaneously in solution, allowing thin films to be spin-coated. The polymer has a yield strength twice that of steel, and it resists six times more deformation force than bulletproof glass. It is impermeable to gases and liquids.

Combinations
Single layers of 2D materials can be combined into layered assemblies. For example, bilayer graphene is a material consisting of two layers of graphene. One of the first reports of bilayer graphene was in the seminal 2004 Science paper by Geim and colleagues, in which they described devices "which contained just one, two, or three atomic layers". Layered combinations of different 2D materials are generally called van der Waals heterostructures. Twistronics is the study of how the angle (the twist) between layers of two-dimensional materials can change their electrical properties.

Characterization
Microscopy techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, 3D electron diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, scanning tunneling microscope, and atomic-force microscopy are used to characterize the thickness and size of the 2D materials. Electrical properties and structural properties such as composition and defects are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Mechanical characterization
The mechanical characterization of 2D materials is difficult due to ambient reactivity and substrate constraints present in many 2D materials. To this end, many mechanical properties are calculated using molecular dynamics simulations or molecular mechanics simulations. Experimental mechanical characterization is possible in 2D materials which can survive the conditions of the experimental setup as well as can be deposited on suitable substrates or exist in a free-standing form. Many 2D materials also possess out-of-plane deformation which further convolute measurements.

Nanoindentation testing is commonly used to experimentally measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture strength of 2D materials. From these directly measured values, models exist which allow the estimation of fracture toughness, work hardening exponent, residual stress, and yield strength. These experiments are run using dedicated nanoindentation equipment or an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Nanoindentation experiments are generally run with the 2D material as a linear strip clamped on both ends experiencing indentation by a wedge, or with the 2D material as a circular membrane clamped around the circumference experiencing indentation by a curbed tip in the center. The strip geometry is difficult to prepare but allows for easier analysis due to linear resulting stress fields. The circular drum-like geometry is more commonly used and can be easily prepared by exfoliating samples onto a patterned substrate. The stress applied to the film in the clamping process can be is referred to as the residual stress.  In the case of very thin layers of 2D materials bending stress is generally ignored in indentation measurements, with bending stress becoming relevant in multilayer samples. Elastic modulus and residual stress values can be extracted by determining the linear and cubic portions of the experimental force-displacement curve. The fracture stress of the 2D sheet is extracted from the applied stress at failure of the sample. AFM tip size was found to have little effect on elastic property measurement, but the breaking force was found to have a strong tip size dependence due stress concentration at the apex of the tip. Using these techniques the elastic modulus and yield strength of graphene were found to be 342 N/m and 55 N/m respectively.

Poisson's ratio measurements in 2D materials is generally straightforward. To get a value, a 2D sheet is placed under stress and displacement responses are measured, or an MD calculation is run. The unique structures found in 2D materials have been found to result in auxetic behavior in phosphorene and graphene and a Poisson's ratio of zero in triangular lattice borophene.

Shear modulus measurements of graphene has been extracted by measuring a resonance frequency shift in a double paddle oscillator experiment as well as with MD simulations.

Fracture toughness of 2D materials in Mode I (KIC) has been measured directly by stretching pre-cracked layers and monitoring crack propagation in real-time. MD simulations as well as molecular mechanics simulations have also been used to calculate fracture toughness in Mode I. In anisotropic materials, such as phosphorene, crack propagation was found to happen preferentially along certain directions. Most 2D materials were found to undergo brittle fracture.

Applications

The major expectation held amongst researchers is that given their exceptional properties, 2D materials will replace conventional semiconductors to deliver a new generation of electronics.

Biological applications
Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating the unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important yet exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon-based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, and surface charge.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. 2D nanomaterials are highly diverse in terms of their mechanical, chemical, and optical properties, as well as in size, shape, biocompatibility, and degradability. These diverse properties make 2D nanomaterials suitable for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, imaging, tissue engineering, biosensors, and gas sensors among others. However, their low-dimension nanostructure gives them some common characteristics. For example, 2D nanomaterials are the thinnest materials known, which means that they also possess the highest specific surface areas of all known materials. This characteristic makes these materials invaluable for applications requiring high levels of surface interactions on a small scale. As a result, 2D nanomaterials are being explored for use in drug delivery systems, where they can adsorb large numbers of drug molecules and enable superior control over release kinetics. Additionally, their exceptional surface area to volume ratios and typically high modulus values make them useful for improving the mechanical properties of biomedical nanocomposites and nanocomposite hydrogels, even at low concentrations. Their extreme thinness has been instrumental for breakthroughs in biosensing and gene sequencing. Moreover, the thinness of these molecules allows them to respond rapidly to external signals such as light, which has led to utility in optical therapies of all kinds, including imaging applications, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Despite the rapid pace of development in the field of 2D nanomaterials, these materials must be carefully evaluated for biocompatibility in order to be relevant for biomedical applications. The newness of this class of materials means that even the relatively well-established 2D materials like graphene are poorly understood in terms of their physiological interactions with living tissues. Additionally, the complexities of variable particle size and shape, impurities from manufacturing, and protein and immune interactions have resulted in a patchwork of knowledge on the biocompatibility of these materials.

See also
Monolayer
Two-dimensional semiconductor
Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

References

Additional reading

Condensed matter physics
Semiconductors
Monolayers


title: Perkins School

text:
Perkins School may refer to:

Perkins School for the Blind, Watertown, Massachusetts
Perkins School of Theology at Southern Methodist University
Humphrey Perkins School, Leicestershire
Perkins High School (disambiguation), various locations
Perkins Local School District, Ohio


title: George Shotwell

text:
George Shotwell was an American football center who played college football at the University of Pittsburgh. He attended Hanover Township High School in Hanover Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.  Shotwell attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played for the Pittsburgh Panthers football team and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American in 1934. He was later head coach of Hazleton High School in Hazleton, Pennsylvania from 1936 to 1937.

References

1911 births
1981 deaths
American football centers
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
All-American college football players
High school football coaches in Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania


title: Simãozinho

text:
Simão Pedro Soares Azevedo (born 31 May 1995), known as Simãozinho, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left-back or left-winger for Liga Portugal 2 club Torreense.

Club career
Born in Trofa, Porto District, Simãozinho began his career at his hometown club C.D. Trofense in the second division in 2014. He totalled 35 games in his first full season as a professional, scoring once in a 2–0 home win against FC Porto B on 9 November 2014.

Simãozinho transferred to S.C. Braga in July 2015, being assigned to their reserves in the same league. He made his debut for the first team on 20 January 2016 in a Taça da Liga group match away to Leixões SC, as a 68th-minute substitute for Stian Ringstad in a 4–0 victory.

On 24 June 2019, free agent Simãozinho signed with G.D. Estoril Praia still in the Portuguese second tier. The following transfer window, he joined G.D. Chaves in the same league.

Simãozinho continued competing in division two the following seasons, with F.C. Penafiel and S.C.U. Torreense.

International career
Simãozinho earned the first of his three caps for Portugal at under-21 level on 6 October 2016, starting a 3–3 draw in Hungary for the 2017 UEFA European Championship qualifiers.

References

External links

Portuguese League profile

1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Trofa
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Porto District
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football wingers
Liga Portugal 2 players
C.D. Trofense players
S.C. Braga B players
S.C. Braga players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
G.D. Chaves players
F.C. Penafiel players
S.C.U. Torreense players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers


title: Laragh United GFC

text:
Laragh United are a Gaelic football club from Laragh and Stradone, County Cavan in Ireland.  They are affiliated to Cavan GAA.

History
In 1972 two local teams Laragh and Stradone amalgamated under the name St Brigid's for the Cavan Senior Football Championship. They reached the final, losing to the great seven-in-a-row Crosserlough. The success united the parish and in 1973 they came together under one name Laragh United. The club has the distinction (along with another Cavan club, Ramor United) of being one of the few GAA clubs with the suffix United.

It wasn't long before Laragh United delivered their first major success. In 1974 they won the Cavan Minor Football Championship and repeated the feat in 1976 and 1977. They won the Cavan Under-21 Football Championship in 1975 and 1976. This underage success was converted to senior success as they won their first Cavan Senior Football Championship in 1979 defeating Crosserlough. More Senior Football Championships followed and they won three-in-a-row between 1982 and 1984.

In recent years Laragh United have faded from the senior scene. 10 years after their last Senior Football Championship they were victorious at intermediate level winning the Intermediate Football Championship. Soon after Laragh fell into the Junior Football Championship but in 2012 they beat Mountnugent and were back in the Intermediate Football Championship.

In 2019 Laragh United once again joined the senior ranks when they defeated Belturbet in the Intermediate Football Championship final.

Kit
Laragh United's jersey is orange with white trim, white shorts with orange trim and orange socks with white trim.

Honours
 Cavan Senior Football Championship (4): 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984
 Cavan Intermediate Football Championship (2): 1994, 2019
 Cavan Junior Football Championship (2): 1944, 2012
 Cavan Under-21 Football Championship (2): 1975, 1976
 Cavan Minor Football Championship (2): 1974, 1976, 1977 (with Lavey)

References

External links
Official Cavan GAA Website
Cavan Club GAA
Official Laragh United GAA Website

Gaelic games clubs in County Cavan
Gaelic football clubs in County Cavan


title: Panthéon de la Guerre

text:
The Panthéon de la Guerre was a monumental artwork painted in Paris during the First World War, a circular panorama  in circumference and  high. It has been described as the largest painting in the world.

Description
The painting included full-length portraits of around 6,000 wartime figures from France and its allies.

The centrepiece was a "Temple to Glory", with portraits of French figures crowding on a staircase of heroes, topped by a gold statue of Victory holding aloft a crown of laurels in each hand, on a plinth bearing the motto "Aux héros" ("to the heroes").  At the base of the staircase, French political and military leaders stood around a 75mm cannon.  On the opposite side of the circular painting was a depiction of a war memorial, with four bronze poilus holding a coffin covered with the French flag on a plinth inscribed "Pro patria", and a single woman dressed in black weeping beside a wreath bearing the words "Aux héros ignorés" ("to the forgotten heroes")

National groups of figures from the allied nations lined the painting to either side, four Europeans allies (The United Kingdom, Belgium, Italy, Portugal) on one side and 19 others (including the US, Greece, Latin America, Serbia, Montenegro, Tsarist Russia, Romania and Japan) on the other.  The figures were mostly men, but also some female nurses, nuns and spies, such as Edith Cavell, Louise de Bettignies and Émilienne Moreau.  The work also depicted some French cuirassiers, goumiers (troops from Morocco), and veterans ("péperes"), and included a continuous topographical landscape depicting the battlefields of France and Belgium from the North Sea to Switzerland. A section comprising representatives from Asian nations - including men of Britain's Chinese Labour Corps employed behind the western front - was greatly reduced to make way for by American figures when the US entered the war.

While Czechoslovakia did not exist before World War I, during the war the Czechoslovak Legion recruited men to fight with the Allies on three fronts: France, Italy and Russia.  The Czechoslovak Legion in Russia was composed mostly of POWs from the Austro-Hungarian Army.  On the far right of the main panel of the painting the last flag shown is of the Czechoslovak Legion.  The Legion's flag generally consisted of a white bar over a red bar with coats of arms of Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Slovakia in the corners and a crown with garlands in the center or the initials "C S" intertwined as seen here in the detail from the painting and photo of the Legion in France posing with their flag.  This stylized "C S" symbol was used extensively throughout Czechoslovakia during the first republic 1918 - 1939.

History in Paris
Work on the painting began in September 1914, after the Battle of the Marne, coordinated by French artists Pierre Carrier-Belleuse and Auguste François-Marie Gorguet, with contributions from around 130 artists.  The work was undertaken as a private commercial venture, with state support.

The completed painting was displayed in Paris in a specially built building next to the Hôtel des Invalides, and inaugurated by the French President Raymond Poincaré in October 1918. Visitors approached along dark corridors to a central viewing platform.  It was visited by 3 million people between 1918 and 1927.

Display in US
The painting was acquired by US businessmen in 1927 and exported to New York, where it was displayed at Madison Square Garden.  It was seen there by one million visitors in 8 weeks. Some small changes were made to make the work more attractive to a US audience: Colonel Edward M. House (by then a politician) was painted out and replaced by the US ambassador to France, Myron T. Herrick; an African-American soldier was also added.

The work went on a tour of the United States, displayed at the Washington Bicentennial Fair in Washington DC in 1932, at the Century of Progress exhibition in Chicago in 1933-34, at the Great Lakes Exposition at Cleveland, Ohio in 1936-37, and the Golden Gate International Exposition  in San Francisco in 1940.  It went into storage in 1940, and was acquired by restaurant entrepreneur William Haussner for $3,400.

Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri
Haussner donated the work to Leroy Daniel MacMorris in 1956 to be adapted for display at Memory Hall in the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri.  MacMorris greatly reduced the size of the work and modified it to emphasize the US contribution to the First World War. Only 7 percent of the original work was retained, and large French sections were left out.  The reconfigured work has been described as a "Reader's Digest" version, in a Cold War US nationalist context.  MacMorris also modified some unrecognisable figures in the US delegations to represent later US figures, such as Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (a First World War veteran, and Missouri native).  Colonel House was added back, and MacMorris also added portraits of Carrier-Belleuse and Gorguet.  The bouquet of flowers previously painted in at the feet of Edith Cavell was placed in front of Woodrow Wilson. The lone surviving Chinese labourer was also painted out.

Other fragments of the original painting have survived. Two  fragments were displayed in Haussner's Restaurant in Baltimore until 1999, and were then sold.  The building that housed the work in Paris was destroyed in 1960.

See also
 Atlanta Cyclorama & Civil War Museum
 Gettysburg Cyclorama

References

Further reading
 Panthéon de la Guerre: Reconfiguring a Panorama of the Great War, Mark Levitch, University of Missouri Press, 2006
 Life magazine, 10 August 1953, Vol. 35, No. 6, p. 55-56

External links
 Pantheon de la Guerre, Images Celebrating the Allied Effort in WWI (images of postcards)

1910s paintings
War paintings
World War I


title: Loves Me, Loves Me Not (TV series)

text:
Loves Me, Loves Me Not is an American sitcom starring Susan Dey and Kenneth Gilman, which centered on a young couple who had just started dating. It aired on CBS from March 20 to April 27, 1977.

Cast
 Susan Dey as Jane Benson
 Kenneth "Kip" Gilman as Dick Phillips
 Art Metrano as Tom
 Phyllis Glick as Sue

Synopsis
Dick Phillips is an awkward but earnest and hardworking newspaper reporter who has fallen head-over-heels for Jane Benson, a single California schoolteacher. Both are in their early 20s. They begin to date, but are very unsure of the relationship: Jane is not as sure as Dick is of the relationship's romantic potential – in fact, at first she wants nothing to do with him – and is reluctant to reciprocate his affection, and Dick is not sure where he stands with Jane.

Tom is Dick's boss and best friend. Sue is Tom's wife, and she befriends Jane after Dick and Jane start dating.

Production
Loves Me, Loves Me Not was Susan Dey's first weekly television series after The Partridge Family came to an end in 1974. It was rushed into production after CBS, deciding to produce a show about young adults to tap into the market for such shows that ABC had had so much mid-1970s success with in Happy Days and Laverne and Shirley, made a last-minute decision to buy six episodes for broadcast in the spring of 1977. Susan Harris, who  created the show, wrote its episodes very quickly and filming similarly was rushed, wrapping up in January 1977. Dey said during the show's run that the tight schedule reduced the amount of depth that she and Gilman could put into their characters, although she thought that the depth would come if the show succeeded and more episodes were produced.

Paul Junger Witt and Tony Thomas produced the show, and Jay Sandrich was among the episode directors.

Six episodes were produced, but CBS cancelled the show after the last of them aired.

Broadcast history
Loves Me, Loves Me Not premiered on CBS on Sunday, March 20, 1977, at 10:30 p.m. It then moved to its regular time slot, Wednesdays at 8:30 p.m., on March 23, remaining there until its sixth and final episode was broadcast on April 27, 1977.

Episodes
Sources

References

CBS original programming
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television
1977 American television series debuts
1977 American television series endings
1970s American sitcoms
English-language television shows
Television shows set in California


title: Wat I Khang

text:
Wat I Khang (, ; ) is a ruined 16th or 17th century temple in the Wiang Kum Kam archaeological complex near modern Chiang Mai in northern Thailand.

It is named after the former prevalence of wild old world monkeys at the site prior to its excavation and restoration, which are known as khang in Thai.

Excavations between 1985 and 1986 uncovered a chedi behind a north-facing vihara oriented toward the Ping River. In 2003, further excavations discovered traces of a wall at the west of the site. Further excavations are planned.

The primary architectural feature of the ruins is the large, mostly intact bell-shaped chedi on a high lotus-shaped base with torus molding. The base of the vihara is also preserved, including foundation stones for 16 pillars.

The site was the first to prompt studies of ancient flooding in the area, a large scale instance of which is presumed to have occurred in the 17th century.

References

 Oliver Hargreave: Exploring Chiang Mai, City, Valley & Mountains. Within Books, 4th Edition, 2013.

I Khang
17th century in Chiang Mai


title: Iran Airports Company

text:
The Iran Airports and Air Navigation Company (IAC) () is the holding and operating company for civilian airports and managing the air navigation in Iran. Its headquarters are located at Tehran's Mehrabad International Airport and it has offices at all airports in Iran.

Former managing directors

 Hassan Abedini
 Hossein Akramiyan Arani
 Abbas Ariaei Pour
 Hossein Ghasemi
 Asghar Ketabchi (first time)
 Gholam Abbas Arasmesh
 Nourollah Rezaei Niaraki
 Mohammad Hassan Pasvar
 Asghar Ketabchi (second time)
 Seyed Ahmad Momeni Rokh
 Mohsen Esmaeili (2009–2012)
 Mahmoud Rasouli Nejad
 Esmaeil Tabadar
 Mohammad Ali Ilkhaani
 Rahmatolah Mahabadi
 Siavash AmirMokri
 Hamid Reza Seyedi (current)

Owned airports

International airports
 Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport
 Mehrabad International Airport
 Mashhad International Airport
 Isfahan International Airport
 Shiraz International Airport
 Tabriz International Airport
 Bandar Abbas International Airport
 Zahedan Airport
 Yazd Shahid Sadooghi Airport
 Ahvaz International Airport
 Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Airport

Air border airports
 Arak Airport
 Ardabil Airport
 Urmia Airport
 Ilam Airport
 Bojnord Airport
 Bandar Lengeh Airport
 Birjand International Airport
 Khorramabad Airport
 Rasht Airport
 Rafsanjan Airport
 Zanjan Airport
 Sari Airport
 Sabzevar Airport
 Sanandaj Airport
 Shahrekord Airport
 Kermanshah Airport
 Gorgan Airport
 Larestan Airport
 Lamerd International Airport
 Hamadan International Airport
 Shahroud Airport
 Bushehr Airport
 Abadan International Airport

Domestic airports
 Abu Musa Airport
 Iranshahr Airport
 Bam Airport
 Parsabad Airport
 Jahrom Airport
 Jiroft Airport
 Khoy Airport
 Darab Airport
 Ramsar International Airport
 Zabol Airport
 Zarghan Airport
 Saravan Airport
 Semnan Airport
 Sahand Airport
 Sirjan Airport
 Tabas Airport
 Fasa Airport
 Kalaleh Airport
 Noshahr Airport
 Yasuj Airport

See also
Iran Civil Aviation Organization
Transport in Iran
List of airports in Iran
List of the busiest airports in Iran
List of airlines of Iran

References

External links
 Ministry of Road and Urban Development Of Iran Official Website
 Civil Aviation Organization of Iran
Iran Airports Company Official website

Airport operators
Transport companies established in 1988
1988 establishments in Iran
Iran Airports company Managing Directors


title: May 2014 Buni Yadi attack

text:
The May 2014 Buni Yadi attack was a terrorist attack that occurred on 27 May 2014 in the town of Buni Yadi, Yobe State, Nigeria. Some 49 security personnel (soldiers and police) and 9 civilians were killed.

The attack was blamed on Boko Haram.

Background
The Boko Haram insurgency is an insurgency perpetrated by the Boko Haram group. It began in 2009 against the government of Nigeria, but expanded to attacking other states. Ideologically, they are Islamic fundamentalists.

Attack
Before the attack, a large number of insurgents gathered outside the town in disguised Hiluxes, armed with IEDs and rocket launchers. At approximately 8:00 UTC, terrorists assaulted a military checkpoint, firing on the soldiers there. Then, they set fire to a local police station and killed police, including the Divisional Police Officer. Several other government buildings along with the house of a local government leader were also torched. The combatants moved to fire on an empty primary school. According to a witness, the insurgents targeted security forces, rather than civilians. Civilian deaths were seemingly unintentional. The attack ended at around 9:00 UTC.

References

2014 murders in Nigeria
Massacres perpetrated by Boko Haram
Terrorist incidents in Nigeria in 2014
Mass murder in 2014
May 2014 events in Africa


title: Rick Rosas

text:
Rick "Rick the Bass Player" Rosas (September 10, 1949 – November 6, 2014) was an American musician, and one of the most sought after studio session musicians in Los Angeles. Though largely known for his long collaboration with Neil Young, throughout his career he also played with Joe Walsh, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Rivers, Ron Wood, Etta James, and the short-lived reunion of the Buffalo Springfield, among others. He performed as a bass player with The Flash in Jonathan Demme's 2015 film Ricki and The Flash. The band was composed of guitarist Rick Springfield, drummer Joe Vitale, and keyboardist Bernie Worrell, backing up Meryl Streep, as "Ricki", on vocals and guitar.

In 2014, Rosas joined Neil Young and Crazy Horse on their European tour, following Billy Talbot's inability to tour due to a stroke. This makes Rosas the only bassist to have played with three of Young's major bands, Buffalo Springfield, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Crazy Horse.

Life and career
Rosas was born in East Los Angeles, California, to Anne and Ralph Rosas. Growing up in East Los Angeles, he listened to Elvis and the Everly Brothers. His first band was Mark & the Escorts, eventually recording an album for A&M Records as Tango.

He met Joe Walsh through drummer Joe Vitale in the early 80s and played on Walsh's 1985 album The Confessor. He also toured with Dan Fogelberg in 1985. In December 1986, the Walsh band joined Albert Collins and Etta James for a Jazzvisions taping called “Jump the Blues Away.”

Rosas met Neil Young at the Farm Aid III benefit and Young was impressed with the bass player's musical skill as well as his soft-spoken, laid back manner, and invited him to join his new horn-driven big band, the Bluenotes. With this band, Young recorded the album, This Note's For You. Rosas appeared in the video of the title track that was initially banned by MTV. When it became a hit on other music video outlets, MTV reversed itself and put the video in rotation. It won the MTV Video Music Award for Best Video of the Year for 1989.

After disbanding the Bluenotes, Young retained Rosas for a power group that recorded an EP, Eldorado. It was only released in Japan and Australia, to coincide with their Young & the Restless Far East Tour in early 1989. Rosas played a throbbing bass line on the rocker, "Rockin' in the Free World" which appeared on 1989's Freedom. Young invited Rosas to play on Prairie Wind in 2005. He also appeared in the album-release concert movie filmed at the Grand Ole Opry House, Heart of Gold. He would play on Young's next album, Living with War and the subsequent 2006 "Freedom of Speech" tour with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, that resulted in the film, CSNY/Déjà Vu and concert album, Déjà Vu Live.

Rick Rosas played on Young's next album, Chrome Dreams II which saw the release of the 1988 Bluenotes track "Ordinary People". He also provided backing vocals for the track "Dirty Old Man". He toured with Young's electric Band throughout America, Europe, and Asia for nearly three years, playing material from nearly every phase of Young's catalogue. A concert film, Neil Young Trunk Show, directed by Jonathan Demme, captured a 2007 performance in Philadelphia. In one scene Young praises Rosas’ musical abilities saying, "Rick can play anything!" Another Young album, Fork in the Road was recorded during the tour, which ended with a Hyde Park performance in London with Paul McCartney joining Young onstage for a cover of the Beatles' "A Day in the Life".

A year later Young invited Rosas to participate in the reunion of the Buffalo Springfield at that year's Bridge Concert. He and drummer Joe Vitale joined the remaining original members Young, Stephen Stills and Richie Furay. A six-show mini-tour followed in June 2011 with concerts in Oakland, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and the Bonnaroo music festival but a planned fall tour was cancelled. While touring with Pegi Young & the Survivors, Rosas got the call from Neil Young to fill in for Crazy Horse bassist Billy Talbot, who had suffered a mild stroke a few weeks before their 2014 European Tour, making Rosas the only bassist to have played with Buffalo Springfield, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Crazy Horse.

Throughout his career he remained a close personal friend of Joe Walsh, often appearing as a guest guitarist with Walsh when their schedules meshed, and appearing frequently in radio interviews in the various cities Walsh's tour would take them.

Rick Rosas passed away while at home, on November 6, 2014, in Agoura Hills, California from pulmonary hypertension with cardiac arrest. He was 65. The 2015 film by Jonathan Demme, Ricki and the Flash, in which he appears, is dedicated to him. Rick is survived by his longtime partner/wife, Elizabeth.

Discography

with Neil Young:
 1988 This Note's for You
 1989 Eldorado
 1989 Freedom
 2005 Prairie Wind
 2006 Living with War
 2007 Chrome Dreams II
 2007 Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino
 2008 Déjà Vu Live (w/ CSNY)
 2009 Fork in the Road

with Johnny Rivers:
 1998 Last Train to Memphis
 2001 Back at the Whisky
 2004 Reinvention Highway

with Jerry Lee Lewis:
 2010 Mean Old Man

with Ron Wood:
 2010 I Feel Like Playing

Equipment
bass guitar

Filmography
 2006 Heart of Gold
 2008 CSNY Déjà Vu
 2010 Neil Young Trunk Show
 2012 CRAZYTOWN A Visual Music Album
 2015 Ricki and the Flash

Video and television appearances
 1986 Jazzvisions: "Jump the Blues Away" w/ Joe Walsh, Etta James and Albert King
 1988 This Note's For You w/ Neil Young & the Bluenotes, dir. Julien Temple. Winner: MTV Music Award Video of the Year
 1989 MTV Unplugged w/ Joe Walsh, Dr. John
 2005 Late Night with Conan O'Brien w/ Neil Young five consecutive nights promoting Prairie Wind
 2005 Saturday Night Live w/ Neil Young
 2005 Farm Aid XX w/ Neil Young & the Prairie Wind Band
 2006 Living with War w/ Neil Young recording sessions DVD
 2006 Late Show with David Letterman w/Jerry Lee Lewis & Neil Young
 2006 Farm Aid XXI w/ Neil Young & the Prairie Wind Band
 2008 Farm Aid XXIII w/ Neil Young & His Electric Band
 2009 Hard Rock Live w/Neil Young & His Electric Band and Paul McCartney
 2009 Farm Aid w/ Neil Young & His Electric Band
 2010 Last Man Standing video w/Jerry Lee Lewis

Notes

References

1949 births
2014 deaths
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
People from East Los Angeles, California
20th-century American bass guitarists
American session musicians
Guitarists from Los Angeles
Deaths from lung disease
20th-century American male musicians


title: Nizami Ramzi

text:
Nizami Ramzi ogly Bakshiyev, also known as Nizami Ramzi (; December 20, 1947 in Baku, Soviet Union – January 19, 1997 in Baku, Azerbaijan), was a performer of Azerbaijani meykhana music.

Biography
After finishing technical school in 1967, Ramzi started his career as driver. In 1988, he created "Meykhana" folklore ensemble. In 1991, he was filmed in Gazalkhan movie. On January 19, 1997, Ramzi with meykhana performer Kabir was killed in a motor vehicle accident.

References

1947 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Azerbaijani male singers
Meykhana musicians
Road incident deaths in Azerbaijan


title: Kimberley House

text:
The Kimberley house at 44 Pritchard street is Victorian style and one of the oldest buildings in the city of Johannesburg. The building was constructed in 1892 by the architect Chris J Olley and the owners of the building ran a shop for various kinds of fashion wares. With limited resources at their disposal, the builders used oxen to fetch material ordered from England to Johannesburg.

Design

The building is a Victorian style however different styles were also incorporated into the design with plaster roundels copied from style books and verandas decorated from standard iron cast items selected from catalogues and ordered from England and Scotland. Oxen had to be used to fetch the material from Durban since there was no train rail to Johannesburg at the time.

Demolition

The building was demolished to give way to the development of the Old Mutual building however the facade of the building was restored by the Old Mutual properties and was incorporated as part of the modern building.

References

Buildings and structures in Johannesburg
Heritage Buildings in Johannesburg


title: CIWV-FM

text:
CIWV-FM (98.3 FM, Wave 98.3) is a radio station in Vancouver, British Columbia. Owned by Durham Radio, the station broadcasts a smooth adult contemporary format.

History
The idea for the station came in 2012. Don Shafer, his partner Yvonne and a few friends were discussing what they would do if they owned a radio station and wrote the ideas on the back of a napkin from the Alibi Room. The idea was to create a radio station that was local and inclusive, influenced by public radio.

CIRH was licensed on August 6, 2014 by the CRTC which described the station format as "niche spoken word" targeting adults aged 25 to 64 in Vancouver. It was one of only two licenses granted in 2014, with the CRTC turning down nine others. Control of the station is exercised by Pushor Family Holding Corp., Okanagan Valley Business Consulting Ltd., Daudrich 2007 Family Trust and Craig and Candace Cameron, Don Shafer and Yvonne Evans, collectively Roundhouse Radio. The station broadcasts on FM 98.3, a low-power station covering the city of Vancouver.

The building for studios and offices is located in Railtown, a neighbourhood within Vancouver on the Downtown Eastside. This location was chosen due to the station having street access. Roundhouse Radio began broadcasting on October 15, 2015.

In April 2018, the station's board of directors announced that due to financial considerations, the station would shut down at the end of the month unless a last-minute financial arrangement could be made to save it.

At the end of April it was reported that the station had found a prospective buyer and that the board intended to keep the station on the air until the prospective sale was concluded. The station shut down on May 6, 2018, pending approval by the CRTC of the station's sale and transfer of its broadcast license.

An attempted sale of the station to South Fraser Broadcasting fell through. In July 2021, the CRTC approved a sale of the station to Ontario-based Durham Radio, which planned to flip the station to a mix of rhythmic adult contemporary and jazz music patterned after its internet radio station Wave.FM, a continuation of the format previously used by its Hamilton station CHKX-FM before flipping to country music in 2011. The CRTC granted a request for CIRH to be re-licensed as a specialty music station, relieving it of its obligations to broadcast spoken word programming. The acquisition marked Durham Radio's first station outside of Ontario.

On July 12, 2022, Durham Radio announced that the station would relaunch as smooth adult contemporary Wave 98.3 on July 18, 2022, with the new call letters CIWV-FM. The station planned to feature a mixture of smooth jazz, R&B, and adult contemporary hits.

Programming
CIRH as Roundhouse Radio used to broadcast 20 percent music with the remaining 80 percent on talk. Its programming included news, weather, sports, local event promotion, public affairs, documentaries, radio plays and dramas, slam poetry, programs of public debate such as talk shows. In addition to broadcasting in FM, the station streamed live from its website where archived content could also be downloaded.

CIRH programming had an evening show hosted by Kirk LaPointe, former CBC ombudsman and former mayoral candidate. Other programs included IMPACT with Don Shafer, focusing on community and non-profit organizations, middays with Jody Vance, Live from Railtown with Cory Price, a weekly blues music show hosted by Jim Byrnes, a daily afternoon drive magazine series hosted by Janice Ungaro and Cory Ashworth, a food and wine show hosted by Terry David Mulligan and weekday mornings with Gene Valitis.

The station's news and content director was Krystle Landert after the 2016 departure of Marcella Bernardo for CKWX.

The station's former director of programming, Tracey Friesen, was eventually ousted and replaced by founder and CEO, Don Shafer.

References

External links
Wave 98.3

CIRH-FM history - Canadian Communication Foundation

IRH
IRH
Radio stations established in 2015
2015 establishments in British Columbia


title: Christophe Leininger

text:
Christophe Leininger, is an American former judoka who was 1984, 1988, and 1992 US Olympic Judo Team Alternate.   He was born in 1959. His brother Bryan Leininger was also a judo competitor.  While his father Maurice was a French Judo champion. He is a two time US National Judo Champion and a two time US Judo open champion.  He competed in a number of mixed martial arts fights included in Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Leininger made his debut in Ultimate Fighting Championship's UFC 3 event, being billed as the second ranked American judoka in his weight class at the time. Going against shoot wrestler Ken Shamrock, Leininger started by trying a morote gari, but Shamrock protected against it and ended up in Christophe's guard. The judoka then tried an armbar, only for Shamrock to turn him over and stack him against the fence, raining punches and headbutts on him for the tap out. Shamrock crossfaced Leininger so hard into the mat that Leininger admitted to being knocked out for a second, and he later was revealed to have suffered a mild concussion.

He returned at UFC 13 against Ken Shamrock's teammate Guy Mezger. Leininger tried to take the fight to the ground, at one point scoring a tomoe nage and transitioning it into a mount position, but Mezger was able to return to his feet every time. After a restart, Mezger hit a clearly tired Leininger with kicks to the legs and head, but the affair was inconclusive and the match went to overtime. There Mezger continued punishing Leininger with strikes, finally earning a decision win.

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center| 3–4
|Edwin Dewees
|Decision (Unanimous)
|RITC 26: Rage in the Cage 26
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 3:00
|Phoenix, Arizona, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 3–3
|Allan Sullivan
|Decision
|RITC 24: Rage in the Cage 24
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 3:00
|Phoenix, Arizona, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 3–2
|Guy Mezger
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 13
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 15:00
|Augusta, Georgia, United States
|
|-
|-
|Win
|align=center| 2–1
|Marc Zee
|Submission (armbar)
|FCSB: Best in the Southwest Championships
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:55
|United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 1–1
|Kelly English
|Submission (armbar)
|FCSB: Best in the Southwest Championships
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:16
|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 3–1
|Carlos Garcia
|Submission (choke)
|FCSB: Best in the Southwest Championships
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 6:00
|United States
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 0–1
|Ken Shamrock
|TKO (submission to punches)
|UFC 3
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:49
|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
|

References

External links

1975 births
Sportspeople from Scottsdale, Arizona
American male judoka
American male mixed martial artists
Light heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing judo
Living people
Pan American Games medalists in judo
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Judoka at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
20th-century American people


title: Reclining Figure: Festival

text:
Reclining Figure: Festival (LH 293) is a bronze sculpture by English artist Henry Moore, commissioned by the Arts Council in 1949 for the Festival of Britain in 1951.  The sculpture can be viewed as an abstraction of a reclining female human figure, resting on two arms, with a small head.

Background
By 1949, Moore was already recognised as Britain's greatest living sculptor, having won the prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1948.  The Arts Council suggested that a family group would be appropriate for its commission, based on the festival theme of "discovery", but Moore decided to create a reclining female form instead.  The Tate Gallery organised a retrospective of Moore's works in 1951, to run alongside the festival on the South Bank.  John Read produced a television documentary for the BBC about Moore which included the making of the sculpture, from the initial sketches to the casting of the full-size bronze.

For this sculpture, Moore used a new working method that he would continue to use for his later works, starting with initial sketches before making plaster maquettes, then creating a small bronze working model which would be enlarged to create the full-size final cast.  Moore made his sketches and maquettes in 1950 (LH 292a, b and LH 292). A key plaster model measuring  was donated to the Tate Gallery in 1978.  Strings stuck to the surface create lines that draw the viewer's eye over the sculpture.

A working model was cast in bronze in 1950, in an edition of seven (plus one artist's model).  One example sold at Christie's in 2008 for £553,250.

Full-size casts

Finally, Moore made an edition of five full-size bronzes, plus an artist's copy, measuring  in length.

Moore said in 1968, "The Festival Reclining Figure is perhaps my first sculpture where the space and the form are completely dependent on and inseparable from each other. I had reached the stage where I wanted my sculpture to be truly three-dimensional. In my earliest use of holes in sculpture, the holes were features in themselves. Now the space and form are so naturally fused that they are one." (quoted at the Tate)

In 1968, he included the work as one of his four most important works, alongside his Recumbent Figure 1938 in green Hornton Stone, the elmwood Reclining Figure 1939 now in the Detroit Institute of Arts, and first large bronze two-piece sculpture Reclining Figure 1959.

At the Festival of Britain, the first full-size bronze cast was sited in front of Brian O'Rorke's Country Pavilion.  Moore knew the sculpture would be relocated after the festival so made a work that did not relate specifically to the original site but which could be viewed in the round.  After the end of the Festival, this cast went on loan to Leeds City Art Gallery, and it was exhibited in the grounds of Temple Newsam House.  It was vandalised with blue paint in November 1953, and removed from display in 1956.  It was lent to the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art in 1961, which acquired ownership in 1969, and there it remains.

A bronze cast, held by Musée National d'Art Moderne, is displayed in the Jardin des Tuileries near the Musée de l'Orangerie, in Paris.

A third cast was sold for £19,081,250 at Christie's in February 2012, setting a record for a British sculpture and exceeding the £10.3 million paid for Damien Hirst's The Golden Calf in 2008.  A further record was set when a fourth cast was sold for £24,722,500 at Christie's in June 2016.

See also
List of sculptures by Henry Moore
List of most expensive sculptures

References

 Henry Moore and Francis Bacon at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford – in pictures, The Guardian, 30 August 2013
 Henry Moore sculpture sells for £19.1m, The Daily Telegraph, 8 February 2012
 Working Model for Reclining Figure: Festival, 1950

1951 sculptures
Bronze sculptures
Modernist sculpture
Sculptures by Henry Moore


title: CISF-FM

text:
CISF-FM is an English-language radio station which broadcasts a combined adult contemporary/community radio format on the frequency of 107.7 MHz in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.

The new station is based in the Surrey town centre of Cloverdale and is owned by South Fraser Broadcasting Inc. (a different company from the similarly named South Fraser Broadcasting which once owned CISL and CKZZ-FM).

Approval from the CRTC was made on August 6, 2014. The station is licensed to broadcast with an effective radiated power of 2500 watts (with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 132.4 metres). The station began testing on December 18, 2015.

In addition to music, the station broadcasts local news and other spoken word content targeted at Surrey's diverse population.

Current lineup
 Rudy Parachoniak (2020–present)
 Tara Lopez (2016–present)
 Neil Morrison (2016–present)
 Leslie and Hollywood Harv (Leslie Stein and Harv Puni) (March 2022 – present)

Paid Programming
CISF offers locally produced paid programming.

 'Radio Real Estate' with Tom Lucas (2017–Present)

References

External links
Pulse FM 107.7
CRTC Archive
CISF-FM history - Canadian Communication Foundation

ISF
Surrey, British Columbia
ISF


title: Bridget Cherry

text:
Bridget Cherry  (born 17 May 1941) is a British architectural historian who was series editor of the Pevsner Architectural Guides from 1971 until 2002, and is the author or co-author of several volumes in the series.

Family and education
Cherry is the elder sister of the neurosurgeon Henry Marsh. She studied history at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, matriculating in 1960. She went on to study History of Art at the Courtauld Institute of Art, specialising in English Romanesque architecture.

Career

Pevsner Architectural Guides
Cherry began work on the Buildings of England series as Nikolaus Pevsner's research assistant in 1968, and from 1971 to 2002 was the series editor. She revised several volumes including Surrey, Northamptonshire, Hertfordshire, Devon and Wiltshire, and authored or co-authored four of the London volumes (South, North-West, North and East).

Other interests
Cherry is vice-president of the Heritage of London Trust, a Council member of the London Topographical Society and a member of the board of the Ironbridge Heritage Trust. She is a life trustee of the Sir John Soane's Museum, London. Cherry previously served as a commissioner for English Heritage, the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments of England and as a trustee of Historic Royal Palaces. Following her retirement, she edits the London Topographical Society's newsletter.

Honours and awards
Cherry was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 2003.

She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and since 1993 a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Publications

Books

 Northamptonshire. (2nd ed.) revised by Bridget Cherry. With contributions from Sir Gyles Isham and Bruce Bailey, 1973, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
 Dudmaston Shropshire: A souvenir guide / Bridget Cherry, 2018. Rotherham: National Trust.
 The buildings of England: a short history and bibliography / Bridget Cherry, 1983, Linton: Published for the Penguin Collectors' Society by Dalby.
 Ivy-Mantled Tower: a history of the church and churchyard of St. Mary Hornsey, Middlesex / Bridget Cherry, 2015, London: Hornsey Historical Society.
 London. 2, South / Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner 1994–2001, Harmondsworth: Penguin,
 London. 4, North / Bridget Cherry & Nikolaus Pevsner, 2002, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press.
 London. 3, North West / Bridget Cherry and Nikolaus Pevsner, 2002, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press.
 The Buildings of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales: a short history and bibliography / Bridget Cherry, 1998, [Great Britain]: Penguin Collectors' Society.
 London. 5, East / Bridget Cherry, Charles O'Brien and Nikolaus Pevsner; with contributions from Elizabeth Williamson, Malcolm Tucker and Pamela Greenwood. 2005, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press.
 Dissent and the gothic revival: papers from a study day at Union Chapel Islington / edited by Bridget Cherry. 2007, London: The Chapels Society.
 Hornsey Town Hall / Bridget Cherry, 1995, London: Hornsey Historical Society
 Civic pride in Hornsey: the Town Hall and its surrounding buildings / Bridget Cherry. c.2006, London: Hornsey Historical Society.
 Crouch End: a walk / Bridget Cherry and Ken Gay; illustrated by Peter Garland. 1995, London: Hornsey Historical Society.

Articles

 Bridget Cherry and Ken Gay, Crouch End, A Walk. (1995). The London Journal: A Review of Metropolitan Society past and Present, 20(2), 126. Journal
 Cherry, Bridget. (2019). BOOK REVIEW: THE ANTIQUARIES JOURNAL. The Antiquaries Journal, 99, 465. Journal ;
 Cherry, Bridget, Rawcliffe, Carole, Shoemaker, Robert B., & Darby, Nell. (2014). Survey of London, Volume 49, Battersea, Part I: Public Commercial and Cultural. The London Journal, 39, 168–174. Journal ;
 Cherry, Bridget, "London's Public Events and Ceremonies: an Overview Through Three Centuries". Architectural History, vol. 56, 2013, pp. 1–28. JSTOR
 Cherry, Bridget, and Nikolaus Pevsner. "The Modern Movement in Britain". Twentieth Century Architecture, no. 8, 2007, pp. 12–38. JSTOR,
 Cherry, Bridget. "Edward Hatton's New View of London". Architectural History, vol. 44, 2001, pp. 96–105. JSTOR,
 Cherry, Bridget. "An Early Sixteenth-Century London Tomb Design". Architectural History, vol. 27, 1984, pp. 86–95. JSTOR,

As contributor

 The buildings of England: further reading: a select bibliography / compiled by Tye Blackshaw, Bridget Cherry, Elisabeth Williamson.
 Northamptonshire / Bruce Bailey, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry. 2013, New Haven: Yale University Press.
 The best buildings of England / Nikolaus Pevsner; an anthology by Bridget Cherry and John Newman; with an introduction by John Newman, 1986, [Harmondsworth]: Viking.
 The buildings of England: a celebration / edited by Simon Bradley and Bridget Cherry, 2001. Beccles: The Penguin Collectors' Society for the Buildings Books Trust.
 Bristol / Andrew Foyle; with contributions by Bridget Cherry, 2004, New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press.
 Hertfordshire / James Bettley, Nikolaus Pevsner and Bridget Cherry; with contributions from Stewart Bryant, Lee Prosser and Alec Clifton-Taylor, 2019, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Photography
Photographs contributed by Cherry to the Conway Library are currently (2020) being digitised by the Courtauld Institute of Art, as part of the Courtauld Connects project.

References

1941 births
Living people
British architectural historians
British women historians
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects


title: Mashadibaba Aydamirov

text:
Baba Bilal ogly Aydamirov, also known as Mashadibaba, (, February 13, 1971, in Mastaga, Baku, Azerbaijani SSR, USSR – January 10, 2011, in Mashtaga, Baku, Azerbaijan) was a  performer of Azerbaijani meykhana music and poet.

Biography
Mashadibaba started to perform meykhana in 1984, in his early teens. Before performing, Mashadibaba wrote poems and songs, and later took to meykhana due to the financial difficulties. In the early 1990s he rose to prominence with his friend Elchin, who was also a distinguished performer. Rumors have it that Mashadibaba was consuming a huge amount of alcohol at the time. He served six years in prison for killing Elchin Mashtaghaly. As a result, a drinking spree-related nervous breakdown brought the performer to depression. By this time Mashadibaba had been suffering from long-time alcoholism. Because of his ensuing health problems and after divorcing his wife, Mashadibaba underwent another nervous breakdown. His performing abilities also deteriorated, and he committed suicide by self-immolation on 10 January 2011.

References

1971 births
2011 suicides
2011 deaths
21st-century Azerbaijani male singers
20th-century Azerbaijani male singers
Meykhana musicians
Suicides by self-immolation
Suicides in Azerbaijan


title: Three of Them

text:
Three of Them (Russian  "Three") is a 1901 novel by Maksim Gorky. The plot concerns Ilya Lunyev, a boy from an urban slum, who enters the middle-class milieu only to be disillusioned to find the same moral corruption.

References

1901 novels
Novels by Maxim Gorky


title: Francisco Rojas Soto

text:
Francisco Rojas Soto (born 16 October 1950) is a retired sprinter and hurdler from Paraguay.

Career
Rojas competed in the 400 m at the 1972 Olympics but was eliminated in the first round. Rojas still holds the national record in the 400 m hurdles, which he set in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After retiring from competitions he worked at the Central Bank of Paraguay, and was eventually appointed as head of the Foreign Trade Division. Until 2013, for almost 20 years he was president of the Paraguayan Athletics Federation.

Education and Military
After receiving his degrees in finance and mechanical engineering, Rojas came to Asunción, where he completed compulsory military service and graduated in economics in 1980. He started competing in running, initially barefoot, while studying in Asunción.

Personal life
Rojas is married to Celsa Isabel Prentte, they have four children.

References

1950 births
Living people
People from Ñeembucú Department
Paraguayan male sprinters
Paraguayan male hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Paraguay
Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Paraguay


title: Manitoba Provincial Road 348

text:
Manitoba Provincial Road 348 is a provincial road in the southwestern section of the Canadian province of Manitoba.

348


title: Aleksandr Troshechkin

text:
Aleksandr Igorevich Troshechkin (; born 23 April 1996) is a Russian professional football player. He plays as a defensive midfielder for Pari Nizhny Novgorod.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Premier League on 17 August 2014 for Rostov in a game against Krasnodar.

After returning to Rostov from loan in January 2019 and playing several pre-season games for the club, on 6 February 2019 he returned to Avangard Kursk on another loan until the end of the 2018–19 season.

On 10 July 2019, he signed with Khimki.

On 17 February 2022, Troshechkin joined Akhmat Grozny on a contract until the end of the 2023–24 season.

On 28 June 2023, Troshechkin signed a three-year contract with Pari Nizhny Novgorod.

Honours

Club
Tosno
 Russian Cup: 2017–18

Career statistics

References

External links

1996 births
Footballers from Moscow
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
FC Rostov players
FC Fakel Voronezh players
FC Tosno players
FC Avangard Kursk players
FC Khimki players
FC Akhmat Grozny players
FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod players
Russian Premier League players
Russian First League players


title: Connor Riley-Lowe

text:
Connor Riley-Lowe (born 10 January 1996) is an English former professional footballer who last played for Truro City in the Southern Football League as a left back. Connor attended Churston Ferrers Grammar School.

Club career

Exeter City
Riley-Lowe joined Exeter City's youth setup in 2007, aged 11. He then progressed through the Academy team, being captain in numerous occasions.

Riley-Lowe signed a professional deal with the Grecians on 14 April 2014. He made his first-team debut on 12 August, replacing Craig Woodman in a 0–2 Football League Cup home loss against Bournemouth.

He left the club after the end of the 2016–17 season due to a need to play first-team football. Craig Woodman and Luke Croll were favoured over Riley-Lowe for the left-back position that season by manager Paul Tisdale.

Truro City
On 21 July 2015, Riley-Lowe joined National League South side Truro City on a six-month loan deal. On 8 August he made his debut for Truro in a 1–1 draw against Margate. He scored his first goal in a 2–0 win over St Albans City on 12 September.

Following his release by Exeter City, Riley-Lowe joined Truro City on a permanent basis on 4 August 2017.

Bath City
On 21 June 2019, Riley-Lowe joined Bath City.

Career statistics

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
People from Paignton
English men's footballers
Footballers from Devon
Men's association football defenders
Exeter City F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Bath City F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
National League (English football) players
People educated at Churston Ferrers Grammar School


title: Lucky Jim (1909 film)

text:
Lucky Jim is a 1909 short film directed by D. W. Griffith. It was produced by the Biograph Company and starred Marion Leonard and Mack Sennett. Originally released in a split-reel with Twin Brothers (1909), prints of the film still exist today.

Cast
Marion Leonard - Gertrude
Mack Sennett - Jack
Herbert Yost - Jim, the First Husband
Anita Hendrie - The Mother
David Miles - The Father
Harry Solter - Jim's Friend

also uncredited
Linda Arvidson - Wedding Guest
Billy Bitzer
John R. Cumpson - Wedding Guest
Francis R. Grandon -
Grace Henderson -
Charles Inslee - Wedding Guest
Arthur V. Johnson - Wedding Guest
Florence Lawrence - Wedding Guest
Owen Moore - Wedding Guest

References

External links

Lucky Jim available for free download at Internet Archive

1909 films
Silent American drama films
American silent short films
Films directed by D. W. Griffith
Biograph Company films
1909 drama films
American black-and-white films
1900s American films
1900s English-language films


title: Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 400 metre freestyle

text:
The boys' 400 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 17 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

Results

Heats
The heats were held at 10:00.

Final
The final was held at 18:00.

References

Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics


title: Elder (given name)

text:
Elder or Élder is a masculine given name which may refer to:

 Élder (footballer) (born 1976), Brazilian former footballer Élder Alencar Machado de Campos
 Elder José Figueroa (born 1980), Colombian-born Salvadorian footballer
 Élder Granja (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
 Elder Herrera (born 1968), Colombian retired road cyclist
 Elder Jordan (–1936), African-American businessman, philanthropist, and namesake to a neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida
 Elder Olson (1909–1992), American poet, teacher and literary critic
 Elder Vogel, Jr., American politician
 Elder White (1933-2010), Major League Baseball player in part of the 1962 season

Masculine given names


title: Francisco Rojas

text:
Francisco Rojas may refer to:

 Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla (1607–1648), Spanish dramatist
  (1835–1906), Chilean farmer and politician
  (1903–1951), Mexican writer
  (1909–1993), Chilean medical doctor
 Francisco Rojas Tollinchi (1911–1965), Puerto Rican poet, civic leader and journalist
 Francisco Rojas Gutiérrez (born 1944), Mexican politician
  (born 1949) Chilean political scientist
 Francisco Rojas Soto (born 1950), Olympic runner from Paraguay
 Francisco Rojas Toledo (born 1956), Mexican politician
 Francisco Rojas San Román (1958–2018), Mexican politician
 Francisco Rojas (footballer, born 1974), association football player from Chile
 Francisco Rojas (footballer, born 1991), association football player from Ecuador

See also
 Francisca Rojas (born 1865), Argentine murderer


title: Kim Ung-so House

text:
The Kim Ung-so House is the residence of yangban Kim Ung-so, located in Ryonghung Village, Ryonggang County, North Korea. Until 2002, descendants of Ung-so still lived in the house; after that date, it was rebuilt on orders of Kim Jong-il. It is now a tourist attraction.

It is listed as a National Treasure of North Korea.

References

National Treasures of North Korea
Buildings and structures in Nampo


The Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Directing is an Emmy award given for direction in daytime television. Both series and specials are eligible for this category.

Winners and Nominees
Winners in bold

Best Individual Director for a Special Program

1970s
1974
 Wes Kenney - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("Miss Kline, We Love You") (ABC)
 Lela Swift - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("The Gift of Terror") (ABC)
 Burt Brinckerhoff - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("The Mask of Love") (ABC)
 Peter Levin - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("The Other Woman") (ABC)

Outstanding Individual Director for a Daytime Special Program

1970s
1975
 Mort Lachman - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("The Girl Who Couldn't Lose") (ABC)
 Walter C. Miller - The ABC Afternoon Playbreak ("Can I Save My Children") (ABC)
1976
 Nick Havinga - First Ladies Diaries ("Edith Wilson") (NBC)
 John J. Desmond - First Ladies Diaries ("Martha Washington") (NBC)
 Ira Cirker - First Ladies Diaries ("Rachel Jackson") (NBC)

Special Classification - Individual Achievement

1980s
1980
 Mike Gargiulo - FYI: For Your Information (ABC)

Special Classification of Outstanding Individual Achievement - Directing

1980s
1981
 Barry Glazer - New American Bandstand 1965 (ABC)
 Mike Gargiulo - FYI: For Your Information (ABC)
1982
 Alfred R. Kelman - The Body Human ("The Loving Process - Women") (CBS)
 Mike Gargiulo - FYI: For Your Information (ABC)
 Charles A. Bangert and Alfred R. Kelman - The Body Human ("The Loving Process - Men") (CBS)
1983
 Al Rabin - Days of Our Lives (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - FYI: For Your Information (ABC)
1984
 Mike Gargiulo - FYI: For Your Information (ABC)

Outstanding Achievement in Directing - Special Class

1980s
1985
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Marcia Kuyper Schneider - Christmas at Washington Cathedral (NBC)
 Barry Glazer - New American Bandstand 1965 (ABC)
 Dick Carson - The Merv Griffin Show (SYN)

Special Classification of Outstanding Individual Achievement - Directors

1980s
1986
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Randolph Wands - Chagall's Journey (NBC)
 Bruce Minnix - America's Musical Theater ("The Cradle Will Rock") (PBS)
 Richard Gottlieb - The People's Court (SYN)
1987
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Joel Aronowitz - CBS Cotton Bowl Parade (CBS)
 Joseph Behar - Superior Court (SYN)
 Alan Skog - The Damnation of Faust (PBS)
1988
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Kirk Browning - Un ballo in maschera (PBS)
 Arthur Forrest - Tournament of Roses Parade (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Richard Gottlieb - The People's Court (SYN)

Special Class Directing

1980s
1989
 Sandy Smolan - ABC Afterschool Specials ("Taking a Stand") (ABC)
 Ron Underwood, John Clark Matthews - ABC Weekend Specials ("Runaway Ralph") (ABC)
 Jesús Salvador Treviño - CBS Schoolbreak Special ("Gangs") (CBS)
 Michael Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Parade (CBS)
 Joel Aronowitz - CBS Cotton Bowl Parade (CBS)
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)

Outstanding Directing - Special Class

1990s
1990
 Victoria Hochberg - Sweet 15 (PBS)
 Diane Keaton - CBS Schoolbreak Special ("The Girl with the Crazy Brother") (CBS)
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Helen Whitney - ABC Afterschool Specials ("A Town's Revenge") (ABC)
 Jerry Evans and Martin Pasetta - Trial by Jury (SYN)
1991
 Kristoffer Tabori - ABC Afterschool Specials ("The Perfect Date") (ABC)
 Piers Haggard - Back Home (Disney Channel)
 Daniel Taplitz - Lifestories: Families in Crisis ("Gunplay: The Last Day in the Life of Brian Darling") (HBO)
 Thomas G. Smith and John Clark Matthews - ABC Weekend Specials ("Ralph S. Mouse") (ABC)
 Al Waxman - CBS Schoolbreak Special ("Maggie's Secret") (CBS)
 Timothy Regler - The People's Court (SYN)
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Bernie Hargis - Winds of Freedom (ABC)
 Susan Rohrer - CBS Schoolbreak Special ("The Emancipation of Lizzie Stern") (CBS)
1992
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Oren Rudavsky - Saying Kaddish (ABC)
 Kirk Bergstrom and Kit Thomas - Spaceship Earth: Our Global Environment (Disney Channel)
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
1993
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Russell Morash - The Victory Garden (PBS)
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
1994
 Bob McKinnon - Good Morning America (ABC)
 Dick Schneider - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
1995
 Charles Jarrott - A Promise Kept: The Oksana Baiul Story (CBS)
 Jay Gleeson, Bob McKinnon, and Dan Glovach - Good Morning America (ABC)
 Team - Walt Disney World Very Merry Christmas Parade (ABC)
 Russell Morash - The Victory Garden (PBS)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
1996
 Arthur Forrest - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Wes Kenney, Harry Hall, and Jim Eaton - CBS Soap Break (CBS)
 Russell Morash - The Victory Garden (PBS)
 Ron de Moraes - Soul Train (SYN)
 Michael Sergio - Creating The Wizard of Oz on Ice
1997
 László Pal - Sailing the World Alone (PBS)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
 Joel Aronowitz - Microage Fiesta Bowl Parade (CBS)
 Russell Morash - The Victory Garden (PBS)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
1998
 Gary Halvorson and Alan Carter - A Magical Walt Disney World Christmas (ABC)
 Mike Gargiulo - All-American Thanksgiving Day Parade (CBS)
 Russell Morash - The Victory Garden (PBS)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
1999
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Arthur Forrest - Tournament of Roses Parade (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)

Outstanding Special Class Directing

2000s
2000
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
 Glenn Weiss - Jerry Lewis MDA Labor Day Telethon (SYN)
 Jerry Kupcinet - Judge Judy (SYN)
 Ron de Moraes - Soul Train (ABC)
2001
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Tony Gerber - Behind the Screen with John Burke (AMC)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
 Debbie Allen - Cool Women (Romance Classics)
 Arthur Forrest - Tournament of Roses Parade (NBC)
2002
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Team - Spyder Games (MTV)
 Team - Total Request Live (MTV)
 David Stern - A Prayer for America: Yankee Stadium Memorial (SYN)
 Mike Gargiulo - Tournament of Roses Parade (CBS)
2003
 Gary Paben and Christopher Lincoln - Opening Ceremony Salt Lake Paralympic Winter Games (NBC)
 Joe DeMaio and Liz Patrick - Total Request Live (MTV)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Yvonne Gomez - Brian Boitano Skating Spectacular (NBC)
 Ron de Moraes - Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade (ABC)
2004
  Arlene Hazzan Green - Adoption Stories ("Mackenzie Grace's New Family") (Discovery Channel Health)
 David Stern - 9/11 Memorial from Ground Zero (SYN)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 David Stern, Lynn Hermstad, and George Veras - Birth Day Live! (Discovery Channel Health)
2005
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 David Stern - 9/11 Memorial from Ground Zero (SYN)
 David Stern, Lynn Hermstad, and Debbie Miller - Birth Day Live! (Discovery Channel Health)
 Manny Rodriguez - SOAPnet Reveals ABC Soap Secrets (SOAPnet)
 Ron de Moraes and Jeff Palmer - Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade (ABC)
2006
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 David Stern and Annette Jolles - 9/11 Memorial from Ground Zero (SYN)
 Glenn Weiss - The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS (CBS)
2007
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Glenn Weiss - The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS (CBS)
 David Stern - 9/11 Memorial from Ground Zero (SYN)
2008
 Ron de Moraes - Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade (ABC)
 Yvonne Gomez - Brian Boitano Skating Spectacular Starring Barry Manilow (NBC)
 Beth McCarthy-Miller - Legally Blonde: The Musical (MTV)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Glenn Weiss - The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS (CBS)
2009
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Glenn Weiss - The Thanksgiving Day Parade on CBS (CBS)
 Connie Simmons and David Dunlop - Landscapes Through Time with David Dunlop (PBS)
 Ron de Moraes - Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade (ABC)

2010s
2010
 David McKenzie - On the Edge: The Poverty Crisis in Africa (FOX Reality)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Ron de Moraes - Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade  (ABC)
 Don Mischer - We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial (HBO)
2011
 Ryan Polito - Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade  (ABC)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Alan Skog - Live from Lincoln Center ("Baroque Holiday with the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center") (PBS)
 David Vos - New Orleans: Getting Back to Normal (APT)
2012
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Ryan Polito - Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade  (ABC)
 Joseph Rosendo - Travelscope (PBS)
 Kevin Clash - Sesame Street ("All Together Against Hunger") (PBS)
2013
 Ryan Polito - Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade  (ABC)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
2014
 Anne Fox - Giada in Paradise (Cooking)
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Ryan Polito - Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade  (ABC)
2015
 Gary Halvorson - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Alejandra Gonzalez Anaya, Ryan Polito, and Anabel Cantú - Central American Games (ESPN Desportes)
 Gary Halvorson - Disney Parks Frozen Christmas Celebration (ABC)
2016
 Bianca Giaever - Videos 4 U: I Love You (This American Life)
 Joel Gallen - 30th Independent Spirit Awards (IFC)
 Team - Baku 2015 European Games Opening Ceremony (Universal Sports)
 Joseph Rosendo - Digging Into the Future (PBS)
 Peter DeLuise - R.L. Stine's Monsterville: Cabinet of Souls (Netflix)
2017
 John Chester - SuperSoul Shorts ("Maggie the Cow") (OWN)
 Ron de Moraes - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Travis North - Lucky Dog with Brandon McMillan (CBS)
 Team - The Mind of a Chef ("Potluck Music Special") (YouTube)
 J.J. Johnson - Odd Squad: The Movie (PBS)
2018
 Jay Hatcher - Disney’s Broadway Hits at Royal Albert Hall (Broadway HD)
 Alison McDonald - An American Girl Story ("Summer Camp, Friends for Life") (Amazon)
 Katie Elmore Mota and Carlos Reza - East Los High (Hulu)
 Jonathan Judge - Skyward (Amazon)
 John Chester - Super Soul Sunday (OWN)
2019
 Norah Shapiro - Time for Ilhan (Fuse)
 Gil Marsden (director) / Brian Scotto (segment director) - The Gymkhana Files (Amazon)
 Nicolas DeGrazia - Team United - Behind the Scenes: Superheroes (United Airlines/YouTube)
 Noel Braham - Watchtower (Vimeo)
 Margarita Jimeno - Working in the Theatre (American Theatre Wing)

2020s
2020
 David McKenzie - Hate Among Us (Popstar TV)
 Thomas Backer - Hearts of Heroes (SYN)
 Lance Acord - A Holiday Reunion
 Ron de Moraes - Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (NBC)
 Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato - Stonewall OutLoud (YouTube Originals)
 John Tomlin - This Old House: 40th Anniversary Special (PBS)
 Margarita Jimeno - Working in the Theatre (American Theatre Wing)
2021
 American Music Spotlight (The Circle)
 94th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day (NBC)
 CBS This Morning (CBS)
 Disney Parks Magical Christmas Day Parade (ABC)
 Space Launch Live: America Returns to Space (Discovery and Science Channel)

References

Special Class Directing


title: Arkansas Register of Historic Places

text:
Arkansas Register of Historic Places (ARHPs) are sites, structures, buildings, landscaped areas and objects in the state of Arkansas that have been determined to have statewide architectural, cultural or historical significance.

Administration
The Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (AHPP) nominates properties for inclusion in the ARHP; completing a nomination often started by the property owner or a local community and submitting it to an eleven-member selection board who reviews the submittals and makes a recommendation on the property's inclusion. The selection board consists of appointees serving at the pleasure of the Governor of Arkansas.

Criteria
Structures of sound design, construction, feeling and association which are usually at least 50 years old are compared against the following criteria for inclusion on the register:

 Association with events of state or local historical significance
 Association with the lives of persons of significance in the history of the state or locality
 Represent a type, style or period of architecture
 Association with important elements of Arkansas's history or pre-history

Properties

See also

 National Historic Sites (United States)
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas, with links to list articles by county

References

External links
Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry

Heritage registers in the United States
History of Arkansas


title: Your World Awards

text:
The Premios Tu Mundo (Spanish for "Your World Awards") is an annual award presented by the American television network Telemundo. The awards celebrate the achievements of Hispanics and Latinos in the media, including TV shows, movies, music, fashion, and sports. The awards were established in 2012. Telemundo announced that there would not be a ceremony in 2018, but that the seventh edition would be held in 2019.

Ceremonies

Awards

Current awards

Discontinued awards

References

Awards honoring Hispanic and Latino Americans
Awards established in 2012
Telemundo original programming