title: Gayle Smith

text:
Gayle Elizabeth Smith (born February 23, 1956) is the CEO of the One Campaign. Smith was formerly Coordinator for Global COVID Response and Health Security at the U.S. Department of State. and was the former Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Early life and education
Smith is from Bexley, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, Ohio.

In 1974, Smith graduated from Bexley High School. In 1978, she received a B.A. from the University of Colorado Boulder in English.

Career

After college, Smith worked as a journalist for over 20 years, where she was based in Africa and wrote for publications like BBC News and the Financial Times.

From 1994 to 1998, Smith served as Senior Advisor to the Administrator and Chief of Staff for U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

From 1998 to 2001, she was Special Assistant to President Bill Clinton and Senior Director for African Affairs at the U.S. National Security Council.

In 2001, Smith became a Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress. As part of this position, she worked on the Sustainable Security Project and co-founded the ENOUGH Project, working as Co-Chair, as well as the Modernizing Foreign Assistance Network. The ENOUGH Project was created to end genocide and crimes against humanity.

From 2005 to 2007, Smith was the Chairman of the Working Group Chair on Global Poverty for the Clinton Global Initiative.

In 2009, Smith joined the U.S. National Security Council, where she was Special Assistant to President Obama and Senior Director for Development and Democracy, where her focus was on global development and humanitarian assistance.

On April 30, 2015, President Obama announced his nomination of Smith to be the new administrator for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), to succeed Dr. Rajiv Shah, who resigned the post in February 2015. Despite some opposition to her appointment, and a delayed Senate confirmation, Smith was confirmed on November 30, 2015.

As Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Smith's focus was on development and international affairs.

Smith has worked as a consultant to various non-governmental agencies like the Cooperation Canada (formerly the Canadian Council for International Cooperation), Dutch Interchurch Aid, Norwegian Church Relief, UNICEF, the World Bank, among others.

On March 28, 2017, Smith joined the Bono's ONE Campaign, succeeding Michael J. Elliott.

On March 5, 2021, it was announced that Smith would be the coordinator of the global COVID response and health security at the U.S. Department of State, where she focused on COVID financing, capacity, and global efforts to distribute COVID vaccines equitably. As part of this program, Smith worked on the 2021 COVAX Investment Opportunity, an approach to funding the World Health Organization's COVAX Facility, which provides vaccinations to low- and middle-income countries. She returned to ONE on December 6, 2021.

Selected membership
 Acumen Fund, Acumen Fund Advisory Council
 Africa-America Institute, Board Member
 Center for a New American Security, Advisory Board Member
 ASSET Campaign, Founding Board Member
 Council on Foreign Relations, Board Member
 DATA/ONE Campaign, Advisory Board Member
 Global Fairness Initiative, Advisory Board Member
 National Security Network, Board Member
 Oxfam America, Board Member
 USA for Africa, Board Member

Selected awards
 1989: World Affairs Council, World Journalism Award
 1991: World Hunger Year Award
 1999: U.S. National Security Council, Samuel Nelson Drew Award for Distinguished Contribution in Pursuit of Global Peace

Selected works and publications

References

External links

Gayle Smith's Subject Files, 2009 - 2017 at the U.S. National Archives

1956 births
Administrators of the United States Agency for International Development
Bexley High School alumni
Living people
Obama administration personnel
United States National Security Council staffers
University of Colorado Boulder alumni


title: Carleton (Ontario provincial electoral district)

text:
Carleton is a provincial riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1867 at the time of confederation and lasted until provincial redistribution in 1996. In the 1999 provincial election it was redistributed into Nepean—Carleton and Lanark—Carleton. In 2007 it was abolished into Carleton—Mississippi Mills and Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington.

In 2018 it was re-created as the riding of Carleton from parts of Nepean—Carleton, Carleton—Mississippi Mills and Ottawa South.

Boundaries
For the last three elections when Carleton existed (1987, 1990 and 1995) the riding included the municipalities of West Carleton Township, Goulbourn Township, Rideau Township, Osgoode Township and the City of Kanata. It was abolished in 1999 into Nepean—Carleton and Lanark—Carleton. The riding was re-created by the 2012 electoral redistribution from parts of Nepean—Carleton (59%), Carleton—Mississippi Mills (41%) and a small portion of Ottawa South.

Members of Provincial Parliament

Electoral results (2018–)

Electoral results (1987–1999)
Consisting of West Carleton, Kanata, Goulbourn, Rideau and Osgoode.

Electoral results (before 1987)
From 1975 to 1987, the riding consisted of the former townships of Nepean and March. After 1987, only the parts of the riding in Kanata were transferred into the new riding of Carleton.

References

External links
Map of riding for 2018 election

Ontario provincial electoral districts
Provincial electoral districts of Ottawa


title: Actephila excelsa

text:
Actephila excelsa is a species of shrub in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is native to an area in Tropical Asia and Zhōngguó/China, from Sulawesi to India and Guangxi. It is a highly variable species and leaf forms vary across adjacent ecozones. The plant is used in building houses and as a vegetable. Grey-shanked douc langurs eat the leaves.

Description
It is noted that this is a highly variable species.

The taxa grows as a shrub or tree from 1 to 10m (rarely 15m) tall with a trunk that is up to 30cm in diameter.
The outer bark is pale-tan to greyish, greenish-yellow and reddish in colour, and from smooth to possessing fine vertical fissures to scaly. Leaves are alternate, though subopposite at the end of branches, smooth to slightly to completely covered in hairs, with an elliptic (sometimes more or less obovate) blade some (4-)5.5–35.5 x (1.1–)1.9–13.5(–15.9) cm in size; an acute to obtuse base, flat margin, cuspidate apex (sometimes to acuminate or even rarely acute); light to dark-green glossy upper, paler-green lower which is sometimes hairy on midrib and veins. Solitary to bundled flowers, white to greenish-white. The fruit capsule is oblate, some 1.5 by 2-2.5cm in diameter with a brown skin and yellowish-white inside. Three-angled seeds about 10 by 0.9cm in size. Distinguishing features of this species of Actephila include 5-95mm long petioles; elliptic (to more or less obovate) leaf blades; dimensions of leaf blades (see above); white to greenish pistillate flowers; knobbly-surfaced fruit-wall with venation not raised; 5-8mm long columella which are somewhat thickened basally but do not completely cover disc and base of sepals. In most of its habitat it will flower and fruit the whole year round.

Flowering in Zhōngguó/China occurs from February to September, fruit from July to October. Distinguishing characteristics for this species of Actephila in Zhōngguó/China include the long acuminate leaf blade which is puberulent abaxially (hairs on lower); the female sepals are about 2mm long and the female petals about 1.5mm long,

Distribution
The taxa is native to an area in Tropical Asia and Zhōngguó/China. Countries and regions in which it occurs are: Indonesia (Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sumatera); Philippines; Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia); Thailand; Vietnam; Zhōngguó/China (Yunnan, Guangxi); Myanmar; India (including Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, Assam; Bangladesh; East Himalaya; Sri Lanka.

Habitat & ecology
The shrub/tree grows in a range of habitats from primary mixed lowland dipterocarp rainforest to evergreen-, deciduous-, secondary-, hill-, kerangas-forests, as well as in gallery situations such as along rocky seashores, rivers and roads. It grows on limestone, loam, sandy, ultrabasic, sandy-clay, granite-derived and basalt soils. The altitudinal range is usually from sealeave up to 500m, though sometimes found up to 1350m.

The taxa grows in Zhōngguó/China on sparsely forested slopes and in thickets on limestone bedrock, at altitudes from 100 to 1500m.

In the hills of Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India, part of the southern Western Ghats, the plant grows in partial shade in the deciduous to semi-evergreen forest, full shade in the evergreen forest and in partial shade of the highly wind-blown montane forest. The species exhibits anatomical differences in its leaves in these different ecologies.

The langurs, Pygathrix cinerea (grey-shanked douc langur), in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, central Vietnam, eat the leaves of the shrub/tree.

The symbiotic fungus Meliola actephilae grows on the leaves of the species in Wayanad district, Kerala, south India.

It is a food plant for the moth Chloroclystis actephilae.

Vernacular Names
 (Filipino language)
manikusan (Philippines)
baner etem, pehailgei, toetoeg getah (Sumatra)
 (Malay Peninsula)
,  (Standard Chinese)
 (Adi people, Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India)

Uses
The Shompen people of Great Nicobar Island, use the stems and branches in house construction, specifically as posts, roof beams, thatching rods and as wall-sticks.

Adi people living in the Arunachal Pradesh, India, harvest the tender shoots of the plant to eat as a vegetable.

The plant is recorded as being used as a stimulant.

History
The species was named in 1863 by the Swiss botanist Johann Müller (1828-96), who used the name Johannes Müller Argoviensis when publishing (his name is relatively common).
He published the description in the journal Linnaea; Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange (Berlin). Müller focused on lichens, but described thousands of plants. In his naming of A. excelsa, he superseded the taxa name Anomospermum excelsum than had been put forward by the Scots botanish Nicol Alexander Dalzell (1817-77), who described that taxa in 1851. Dalzell had worked in India, and was notable for connecting decreasing rainfall with deforestation.

References

External links
 Actephila excelsa - EUPHORBIACEAE
 Actephila excelsa (Dalzell) Müll.Arg.

excelsa
Edible plants
Flora of Guangxi
Flora of tropical Asia
Flora of Yunnan
Phyllanthaceae
Taxa named by Nicol Alexander Dalzell


title: GeeksPhone Revolution

text:
The GeeksPhone Revolution is a smartphone released by GeeksPhone in January 2014. It uses the x86 architecture and PCI bus instead of the ARM architecture.  It is capable of running either Android or Firefox OS, but lacks a dual boot facility.

See also
Comparison of Firefox OS devices

References

Firefox OS
Firefox OS devices
Android (operating system) devices
Linux-based devices
Mobile Linux
Open-source mobile phones
Smartphones


title: Delavan, Kansas

text:
Delavan is an unincorporated community in Morris County, Kansas, United States.

History
The post office in Delavan was discontinued in 1992.

Education
The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Morris County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Morris County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Skiddy, Kansas

text:
Skiddy is an unincorporated community in Morris County, Kansas, United States.

History
Skiddy was founded in 1870. It was named after railroad magnate Francis Skiddy. Between March 11, 1879, and August 3, 1883, it was renamed Camden.

The post office in Skiddy was discontinued in 1953. The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad served Skiddy for many years, and the grain elevator adjacent to the railroad tracks still stands today.

Education
The community is served by Rural Vista USD 481 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Skiddy - Lost Kansas Communities
 Morris County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Morris County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Silver Marlin

text:
Silver Marlin is an Israeli unmanned surface vehicle (USV) designed for maritime patrol missions. It is equipped with a 7.62mm remote-controlled stabilized weapon station as well as observation and satellite communication systems. It has an endurance of 24–36 hours, with a primary mission of reconnaissance, surveillance, force protection/anti-terror, anti-surface and anti-mine warfare, search and rescue, port and waterway patrol, battle damage assessment, pollution detection and treatment as well as electronic warfare.

The Silver Marlin is  long and  weight, and it has  payload capacity, and is powered by two 315 hp diesel engines.

References

External links
 New Tools for New Rules PDF
 Elbit Systems Silver Marlin promo video

Unmanned surface vehicles of Israel


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 800 meter run

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 880 yard run until 1975, and the metric 800 meters being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
NCAA Outdoor track, men
800 m


title: Diamond Springs, Kansas

text:
Diamond Springs is an unincorporated community in Morris County, Kansas, United States.

History
Diamond Springs takes its name from a stream which was a landmark and watering place for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, which is located about 4 miles north on private property.

The post office in Diamond Springs was discontinued in 1930.

Education
The community is served by Morris County USD 417 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Diamond Springs History, legendsofkansas.com
 Diamond Springs - Lost Kansas Communities
 Historic Images of Diamond Springs, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library.
 Morris County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Morris County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 1,500 meter run

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the mile run until 1975, and the metric 1500 meters being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
NCAA Outdoor track, men
1500 m


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 5,000 meter run

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 3 mile run until 1975, and the metric 5000 meters being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
5000 m


title: Greece v United Kingdom

text:
Greece v United Kingdom may refer to multiple court cases:
Ambatielos case, a 1952 case regarding state liability
Greece v United Kingdom (1956), a case heard by the European Commission of Human Rights


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 10,000 meter run

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 6 mile run until 1975, and the metric 10000 meters being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
10,000 metres


title: Vellanki, Krishna district

text:
Vellanki is a village located in Krishna district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Demographics

The population of Vellanki is 2887 as per 2011 census of India. Literacy level is 58% and agricultural labor is 40% of total population of the village.

References

Villages in Krishna district


title: Peten Itza kingdom

text:
The Peten Itza kingdom was a kingdom centered on the island-city of Nojpetén on Lake Peten Itza.

Nojpetén

Bernal Díaz del Castillo described Nojpetén in Chapter CLXXVIII of his Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España

Nojpetén was closely packed with buildings that included temples, palaces and thatched houses.

In 1698 Spanish accounts describe the city as having had twenty-one temples, the largest of these (which the Spanish called a castillo (castle or palace) had a square base measuring  on each side. It had nine stepped levels and faced northward; it appeared very similar in design to the principal pyramids at Chichen Itza and Mayapan in Yucatán. This was about half the size of the Mayapan castillo; its nine levels may each have been less than  high; the pyramid would still have been imposing. It possibly had only one access stairway rather than the four radial stairways found in the examples in Yucatán. The pyramid was topped by a flat-roofed summit shrine that contained idols representing Itza gods. The dismantling of this pyramid would have required considerable effort but no mention of this is found in Spanish records.

When Spanish missionary Andrés de Avendaño y Loyola visited the city in early 1696, nine of the temples had recently been burnt during a Kowoj Maya attack and subsequently rebuilt; during the attack many houses had also been destroyed. Ritual ceramics, identified by the Spanish as idols, were arranged in pairs upon small benches throughout the city. The Spanish set about destroying the pagan idols after conquering the city.

History

Separation

In 1175, the league began to disintegrate. A Cocom man named Ceel Cauich Ah was thrown into the cenote of Chichen Itza. The cenote is a deep hole filled with water. It is 15 meters from the ground to the water, and the walls are very steep. It is considered an entrance to the afterlife, and it is almost impossible to climb out. But Ceel managed to climb out. He proclaimed himself Ajaw, a spiritual and political leader. He also renamed himself Hunac Ceel Cauich. The Itzas did not recognize his authority. Ceel gathered many followers from Mayapan and the Cocom region. In 1194 Hunac Ceel Cauich declared war on Chac Chac Xib, one of four rulers of Chichén Itzá.  The other three brothers were Sac Xib Chac, Chac Ek Yuuan and Hun Yuuan Chac (also called uooh Puc).  Itzáes finally migrated to Tayasal, an island on Lake Peten Itza, in 1194.

Early 16th century
In 1525, after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Hernán Cortés led an expedition to Honduras over land, cutting across the Itza kingdom en route. His aim was to subdue the rebellious Cristóbal de Olid, whom he had sent to conquer Honduras, but Cristóbal de Olid had set himself up independently on his arrival in that territory. Cortés arrived at the north shore of Lake Petén Itzá on 13 March 1525; he was met there by the Aj Kan Ek'. The Roman Catholic priests accompanying the expedition celebrated mass in the presence of Kan Ek', who was said to be so impressed that he pledged to worship the Cross and to destroy his idols. Cortés accepted an invitation from the king to visit Nojpetén, and crossed to the Maya city with a small contingent of Spanish soldiers while the rest of his army continued around the lake to meet him on the south shore. Cortés left behind a lame horse that the Itza treated as a deity, attempting to feed it poultry, meat, and flowers, but the animal soon died.

Early 17th century
Following Cortés' visit, no Spanish attempted to visit the warlike Itza inhabitants of Nojpetén for almost a hundred years. In 1618 two Franciscan friars set out from Mérida in Yucatán on a mission to attempt the peaceful conversion of the still pagan Itza in central Petén. Bartolomé de Fuensalida and Juan de Orbita were accompanied by the alcalde of Bacalar (a Spanish colonial official) and some Christianised Maya. After an arduous six-month journey the travellers were well received by the current Kan Ek'. They stayed at Nojpetén for some days in an attempt to evangelise the Itza but the Aj Kan Ek' refused to renounce his Maya religion, although he showed interest in the masses held by the Catholic missionaries. Kan Ek' informed them that according to ancient Itza prophecy it was not yet time for them to convert to Christianity. In the time since Cortés had visited Nojpetén, the Itza had made a statue of the deified horse. Juan de Orbita was outraged when he saw the idol and he immediately smashed it into pieces. Fuensalida was able to save the lives of the visitors from the infuriated natives by means of a particularly eloquent sermon that resulted in them being forgiven. Attempts to convert the Itza failed and the friars left Nojpetén on friendly terms with Kan Ek'.

The friars returned in 1619, arriving in October and staying for eighteen days. Again Kan Ek' welcomed them in a friendly manner; however the Maya priesthood were hostile and jealous of the missionaries' influence upon the king. They persuaded Kan Ek's wife to convince him to expel the unwelcome visitors. The missionaries' lodgings were surrounded by armed warriors and the friars and their accompanying servants were escorted to a waiting canoe and instructed to leave and never come back. Juan de Orbita attempted to resist and was rendered unconscious by an Itza warrior. The missionaries were expelled without food or water but survived the journey back to Mérida.

Interlude
In 1622 Captain Francisco de Mirones set out from Yucatán to launch an assault upon the Itza. His army was later joined by Franciscan friar Diego Delgado. En route to Nojpetén, Delgado believed that the army's treatment of the Maya was excessively cruel and he left the army to make his own way to Nojpetén with eighty Christianised Maya from Tipu in Belize. When the party arrived at Nojpetén, they were all seized and sacrificed to the Maya gods. Soon afterwards, the Itza caught Mirones and his soldiers off guard and unarmed in the church at Sacalum; they were slaughtered to a man. These events ended all Spanish attempts to contact the Itza until 1695.

Late 17th century
In 1695 the governor of Yucatán, Martín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, began to build a road from Campeche south towards Petén. Franciscan Andrés de Avendaño followed the new road as far as possible then continued towards Nojpetén with local Maya guides. They arrived at the western end of Lake Petén Itzá to an enthusiastic welcome by the local Itza. The following day, the current Aj Kan Ek' travelled across the lake with eighty canoes to greet the visitors. The Franciscans returned to Nojpetén with Kan Ek' and baptised over 300 Itza children over the following four days. Avendaño tried to convince Kan Ek' to convert to Christianity and surrender to the Spanish crown, without success. The king of the Itza, like his forebear, cited Itza prophecy and said the time was not yet right. He asked the Spanish to return in four months, at which time the Itza would convert and swear fealty to the King of Spain. Kan Ek' learnt of a plot by a rival Itza group to ambush and kill the Franciscans and the Itza king advised them to return to Mérida via Tipu. The Spanish friars became lost and suffered great hardships but eventually arrived back in Mérida after a month travelling.

Kan Ek' sent emissaries to Mérida in December 1695 to inform Martín de Ursúa that the Itza would peacefully submit to Spanish rule. A Spanish party led by Captain Pedro de Zubiaur arrived at Lake Petén Itza with 60 soldiers, friar San Buenaventura and allied Yucatec Maya warriors. Although they expected a peaceful welcome they were immediately attacked by approximately 2000 Maya warriors. San Buenaventura and one of his Franciscan companions, a Spanish soldier and a number of Yucatec Maya warriors were taken prisoner. Spanish reinforcements arrived the next day but were beaten back. This turn of events convinced Martín de Ursúa that Kan Ek' would not surrender peacefully and he began to organise an all-out assault on Nojpetén.

War with the Ko'woj

In 1696 the Ko'woj kingdom launched an attack upon Nojpetén. The Itza were able to push the Ko'woj out of Nojpetén, but the city had been significantly damaged.

Conquest

Martín de Ursúa arrived at the lakeshore with a Spanish army on 1 March 1697 and built a fortified camp and an attack boat. On 10 March Kan Ek' sent a canoe with a white flag raised bearing emissaries, including the Itza high priest, who offered peaceful surrender. Ursúa received the embassy in peace and invited Kan Ek' to visit his encampment three days later. On the appointed day Kan Ek' failed to arrive; instead Maya warriors amassed both along the shore and in canoes upon the lake. Ursúa decided that any further attempts at peaceful incorporation of the Itza into the Spanish Empire were pointless and a waterbourne assault was launched upon Kan Ek's capital on 13 March. The city fell after a brief but bloody battle in which many Itza warriors died; the Spanish suffered only minor casualties. The surviving Itza abandoned their capital and swam across to the mainland with many dying in the water. Martín de Ursúa planted his standard upon the highest point of the island and renamed Nojpetén as Nuestra Señora de los Remedios y San Pablo, Laguna del Itza ("Our Lady of Remedy and Saint Paul, Lake of the Itza"). Kan Ek' was soon captured with help from the Yalain Maya ruler. Ursúa returned to Mérida, leaving Kan Ek' and other high-ranking members of his family as prisoners of the Spanish garrison at Nuestra Señora de los Remedios y San Pablo. Reinforcements arrived from Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala (modern Antigua Guatemala) in 1699 but they did not stay long due to an outbreak of disease. When they returned to the Guatemalan capital they took Kan Ek', his son and two of his cousins with them. The cousins died en route but the last Kan Ek' and his son spent the remainder of their lives under house arrest in the colonial capital.

References

Citations

Sources

Former countries in North America
Mayan chiefdoms of the Yucatán Peninsula
History of Petén
Itza


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 3,000 meter steeplechase

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 3000 meters steeplechase.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Steeple NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
Steeplechase


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 400 meter intermediate hurdles

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 440 yard hurdles until 1975, and the metric 400 meters hurdles being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Hurdles Inter NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
NCAA Outdoor track, men
400 hurdles


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 400 meter relay

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 4x110 yard relay until 1975, and the metric 4x100 meters relay being contested after metrication occurred in 1976.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
4x4 relay


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 1,600 meter relay

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 4x440 yard relay until 1975, and the metric 4x400 meters relay being contested after metrication occurred in 1976.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude assisted

4x440 yards relay

4x400 meters relay

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field
Baylor media guide
UCLA Media guide

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
4 × 400 metres relay
4x4 relay


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 110 meter hurdles

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 120 yard high hurdles until 1975, with the metric 110 meters hurdles being contested in Olympic years starting in 1932.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were at the metric distance.  Hand timing was used until 1973, starting in 1974 fully automatic timing was used.  The height of the hurdles and the spacing between the two races are identical, 110 meters is 29 cm just slightly under a foot longer from the last hurdle to the finish line.

Champions
Key
y=yards
w=wind aided
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Hurdles Basic NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
NCAA Outdoor track, men
110 hurdles


title: Legal moralism

text:
Legal moralism is the theory of jurisprudence and the philosophy of law which holds that laws may be used to prohibit or require behavior based on society's collective judgment of whether it is moral. It is often given as an alternative to legal liberalism, which holds that laws may only be used to the extent that they promote liberty. The debate between moralism and liberalism attracted much attention following the publication by the UK Parliament of the Wolfenden Report in 1957, which recommended that homosexuality should be decriminalised on the basis that the function of the law "is not... in our view... to intervene in the private life of citizens, or to seek to enforce any particular pattern of behaviour". Over the following years, H. L. A. Hart and Patrick Devlin, Baron Devlin contributed significantly to the body of literature.

See also
 Constitutionalism
 Constitutional economics
 Rule according to higher law

References

Further reading
 Philosophy of Law (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy): Entry includes a short section about Legal Moralism.
 Morality, Justice, and Judicial Moralism – An extensive discussion of the topic, including helpful tables.

Law and morality
Theories of law


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's 220 yard low hurdles

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 220 yard low hurdles until they were discontinued in 1959.  Hand timing was used throughout the duration of this event.  The event was not held in the Olympic years of 1924, 1948, 1952 and 1956, in favor of the 400 metres hurdles.  It was held in the Olympic year of 1936, and was part of Jesse Owens multi-world-record-breaking meet.

Champions
Key
y=yards
w=wind aided
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Hurdles Low NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
220 hurdles


title: Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation

text:
The Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation, or CYS, is the national standardisation body of Cyprus, whose principal activity is the production of standards and the supply of standards-related services.

Introduction
Since January 2005, it was autonomous from the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism, and operates under private law “The 2002 Law for Standardisation, Accreditation and Technical Regulation”.

The sole shareholder of CYS is the Minister of Finance who appoints, for a 3-year term, its board of directors constituted by 7 members representing the major national stakeholder interested for quality issues: Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Industry & Tourism, Employers Federation, Chamber of Commerce, Technical Chamber, Consumers Association and Academia.

CYS is a full member of the European Standards Organisations (ESO's – CEN, CENELEC, ETSI) as well as the International Standards Organisations ISO and IEC.

Through its active participation in the European and international Standardisation, CYS promotes the national interest through the issuing and application of standards.

History of Standardisation

There exists archaeological evidence which indicates that the use of standards in Cyprus begun from the ancient times. Copper oxhide ingots (ingots of copper in the shape of a cow hide) were seen in Cyprus between the 16th and 12th centuries BC. During this period Cypriot copper manufacturers designed a standard shape for the copper ingots to facilitate handling, transport and storage in ships holds and storerooms. In addition, most of the ingots had a standard weight of 25 kg. Furthermore, Cypriot producers introduced a marking system using Cypro Minoan script to indicate that the ingots were made from Cypriot mines that followed standard procedures of production and quality control.

On a national and consistent basis standards started being used at the beginning of the 20th century during the British Colonial Administration in the field of Public Works (road and building construction) with the implementation of British Standards. This practice continued and after the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960.

The principles of Standardization have been introduced on a nationwide and systematic basis in the mid seventies after the establishment of the Cyprus Organisation for Standards and Control of Quality by corresponding legislation (N.68/75).

In 2002, through the Standardization, Accreditation and Technical Information Law (N.156(I)/2002), the activities of standardization have been allocated to the Cyprus Certification Company, which is now known as the Cyprus Organisation For Standardization (CYS).

Cyprus National Standards
CYS, as a full member of CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, has the obligation to adopt all European Norms (ENs) issued. Furthermore, in case an ISO or other national standard (e.g. BS, DIN etc.) is proven necessary for the national market CYS has the authority to adopt the standard as national, in collaboration with the issuing standardization body.

In general, the designation of CYS standard shows their origin (# denotes a number):

CYS # is used for Cyprus national standards, developed primarily for the specific needs of the Cypriot society and economy.
CYS EN # is used for the adopted European standards published by CEN and CENELEC.
CYS ISO or IEC # is used for the adopted ISO or IEC standards.
CYS EN ISO # is used for International standards that have been adopted as a European standards and therefore adopted as national.

As of present, there are only 31 valid purely National Standards, as the majority were withdrawn due to existence of equivalent or superseding ENs.

CYS Mirror and Technical Standardization Committees
In order to facilitate the dissemination and public enquiry of draft European standards and support the industry in its effort to apply these standards, CYS has divided standardization into 15 business sectors. Each business sector includes several sub-categories, where similar or related topic specific industries have been grouped to better facilitate their monitoring.

According to the needs of the market and society, CYS sets up of National Technical Standardization Committees for the creation of national standardisation documents.

Both, Mirror and Technical Committees monitor the respective standardization activities at International and European level and consult CYS accordingly, e.g. if standards need to be withdrawn, the preparation of national annexes or the development of supplementary standards.

To facilitate the operation of the committees, CYS has been working with ISO to provide an electronic platform - Livelink, where members can exchange information and manage the respective committees at minimum effort and cost.

Centre of Information and Customer service
CYS Centre of Information and Customer service, provides full access to all international, European and national Standards, and is open for the public in order to provide all relevant information.

It offers the possibility of reading, studying and purchasing standards. Furthermore, it provides free access to users in international databases of standards like Perinorm.

In CYS Centre are available for sale – in hardcopy and electronic form – all standards of International Organisations of Standardisation (ISO, IEC), European Organisations of Standardisation (CEN, CENELEC) as well as other National Organisations of Standardisation (BSI, ΕΛΟΤ, CYS, DIN) which CYS library is the exclusive supplier in Cyprus.

References

External links

CEN - European Committee for Standardization
 CENELEC - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission

ISO member bodies
Standards organisations in Cyprus


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's two-mile run

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the 2 mile run until the event was terminated in 1958 in favor of the 5000 meters.  Starting in 1936, the event was substituted for the 5000 meters Olympic distance.  Hand timing was used throughout the duration of this event.

Champions
Key
y=yards
A=Altitude affected

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships - Men's A
Outdoor track, men
Two miles


title: Kin Maung Yin

text:
Kin Maung Yin (, 1938–2014) was an influential Burmese artist who was recognized as one of the leaders in the first generation of Burma's modern art movement together with Win Pe and Paw Oo Thet. Kin Maung Yin was the leader of this group which in addition to Win Pe and Paw Oo Thett soon included Baji Aung Soe, Nan Waii, Shwe Oung Thame. He died at Yangon on 10 June 2014 at the age of 76.

KMY, as he was sometimes known, was born Frank Sewell.  His father was a Scot in the British Army who married a local and lived in the village shunned by other British but he was happy.  KMY was the oldest of 10 children

He studied architecture at University of Yangon. He joined the team for 18 months in construction of Kamalapur Railway Station, Dhaka after he graduated. It was his first and the last salary-man job. He was in film business before started painting in 1960s. He was known not only for his paintings but also for his monk-like devotion to art alone and a proclivity for a hermetic life of solitude.

He was inspired by Dutch modernist Piet Mondrian during his school days but later some of his works including the portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi were inspired by Italian modernist Amedeo Modigliani. He also wrote several books. One of his well-known books is Koob One. Some others were  Art Language, Art Standards (co-author Zaw Zaw Aung), Paw Oo Thet’s Visit, and Kin Maung Yin 72. His biography, This is Khin Maung Yin, by Ma Theingi was published in late 2010.

References

2014 deaths
Burmese painters
Burmese artists
Deaths from cancer in Myanmar
Burmese writers
1938 births
Burmese people of Scottish descent
Anglo-Burmese people


title: Lobelia gattingeri

text:
Lobelia gattingeri is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family commonly called Gattinger's lobelia. It is endemic to calcareous cedar glades and barrens. It has a small range, native only to middle Tennessee, northern Alabama, and one site in the Pennyroyal Plain of Kentucky.

It is an annual species, with seeds germinating in either the autumn or spring. It produces a spike of blue flowers in the spring, and during wet summers it can remain in bloom until October.

It is sometimes considered a variety of Lobelia appendiculata, which is found further to the south and west. It is distinguished by its smaller size and more glabrous calyx.

References

gattingeri
Flora of Tennessee
Flora of Alabama
Flora of Kentucky


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's long jump

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the long jump.  Measurement of the jumps was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
w=wind aided
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Long NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
long jump


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's triple jump

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the triple jump.  The event was only held in Olympic years until 1959.  Measurement of the jumps was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
w=wind aided
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Triple Jump NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
Triple jump


title: Jesus Is a Soul Man

text:
"Jesus Is a Soul Man" is a hit single by the American country singer Lawrence Reynolds. The song was co-written by Reynolds and Jack Cardwell. The track appeared in the 1970 Reynolds album released also as Jesus Is a Soul Man. The album peaked at No. 45 on the U.S. Country Albums chart in 1970.

Chart performance
The single was released in 1969, reaching No. 28 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and No 10 in Australia.

Covers
"Jesus Is a Soul Man" has been covered by a great number of artists:
It was covered very notably by Hank Williams Jr in his 1969 album Sunday Morning
Johnny Rivers in a 1970 single release, as the B-side to "Into the Mystic."  Rivers' version of "Jesus Is a Soul Man" was later included in his compilation album  Summer Rain: The Essential Rivers (1964-1975).
Conway Twitty on his 1973 album Clinging to a Saving Hand.
Darrell Adams in The Adams Family 1970 album Bridge Over Troubled Water.
Roy Clark in his 1975 album Gospel: Songs of Strength.

Adaptations
The song "Schuhe Schwer Wie Stein" in German uses the same melody of "Jesus Is a Soul Man". Johnny Rivers' German release of "Jesus is a Soul Man" was titled "Jesus Is a Soul Man (Schuhe Schwer Wie Stein)" and released as a bilingual English / German song.

Popular culture
Johnny Cash performed the song live as a duet with Reynolds in May 1970 on The Johnny Cash Show.

References

1969 singles
Billy Grammer songs
1969 songs


title: Caples, Washington

text:
Caples is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. The Caples community is located  west of Woodland along Caples Road, on the east shore of Columbia River and across the river from Columbia City, Oregon. The Caples community is part of the Woodland School District, a K-12 school district of about 2,200 students.

Caples Landing
Caples Landing () was an embarkation point for steamboat passengers on the Columbia River.  On 25 February 1901 a passenger on the Lurline, Gordon Smith, fell overboard and drowned after boarding at Caples Landing.

In 1860, Charles Caples, a doctor in Columbia City, his brother Hezekiah Caples, and others planned to build a railroad along the Columbia River.  The Columbia River and Hillsboro Railroad was incorporated in 1868.  The railroad was intended to run from Hillsboro, Oregon to Caples Landing or else to Columbia City.  The venture was a failure, but in 1883 Charles Caples was involved with the Northern Pacific Railway extension to Columbia City.  Caples' farmhouse is now a registered historic place.

References

External links
Woodland Public Schools website

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's shot put

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the shot put.  Measurement was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Shot NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
Shot put

https://umaine.edu/150/through-the-decades/1915-1924/


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's discus throw

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the discus throw.  Measurement was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
A=Altitude assisted

References

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field
GBR Athletics

Discus NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
discus throw


title: Sri Krishnapuram Temple

text:
Location

Thalappulam Sri Krishnapuram Temple is located inThalappulam, near Erattupetta, Kottayam District, Kerala, India. Lord Sri Krishna is the main Prathishta in the temple.

Legend

Thalappulam has been a seat of spirituality from time immemorial. Thala means "head" and pulam means "hamlet" or "place" . The meaning can be "the land of lands" or the place which is above other places. People of diverse cultures inhabited the land. They comprised Brahmanical, Sudra and Tribal origins. Consequent on internal feuds and fear of rivals gradually the Brahmins deserted the place searching for safer pastures. The tribals by nature led a nomadic way of life, never used to stick to a particular abode, drifted to other places. The remaining ‘Sudras’ were leading a serene, self-satisfied pastoral life devoting the time and resources for farming and agriculture. The people while following pastoral vocation in the fields, their iron tool struck up on something queer... Thereupon they stood stunning at the sight of the celestial spirit. Actually this might have caused to lay the foundation stone to the temple. The people of the hamlet were of both Vaishnava and Saiva sects.

History
The deity of Lord Krishna was formally deified by the Tantric priest from The Thazhmon Madomon
22nd Midhunam of 1078. The legend regarding this tells an interesting story... It is believed that the people in general wanted to have a Siva temple. It was not in complete unison with their will that the temple of Sreekrishna was deified there. The Thazhmon Tantri had brought from his Mana the Vigraha of Lord Krishna and got established there as the presiding deity. The Vigraha was once worshipped by a Brahmin woman who later entrusted it with the Thazhmon Madham. The spiritual longing to have Lord Siva as a dominant deity had consummated into the establishment of a temple for Lord Siva consequent on and as a solution for famine, calamities and epidemics. The vigraha of Lord Siva was ceremoniously consecrated on 26th Edavam of 1124. The shortcomings due to absence of a Goddess was overcome with the establishment of a sreekovil for the Goddess. The Nair family namely, Kochupurakkal, had the administration and the ownership of the temple. Later a section of the family moved to temple neighborhood for administrative convenience. The Kochupurakkal families jointly resolved to hand over the administration and ownership of the temple and its land holdings to 196 N.S.S. Karayogam Thalappulam. The Karayuogam is now carrying forward the good work for the benefit of the worshippers of the whole Hindu community. Now a word about the deities and their uniqueness. The two deities are in duo mode, namely, Radha-Krishna/Parvathi-Parameswara... The devotees, therefore, come to worship the Gods in duo mode as husband and wife for having good progeny. The same vigraha which was brought from Thazhmon Madham will be ceremoniously re-consecrated in the new sreekovil by the Tantric priest from the same Brahmonical tharavadu, Thazhmon Madham after 111 years from its first introduction.

References

External links
www.thalappulamkrishnatemple.org

Hindu temples in Kottayam district
Krishna temples


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's hammer throw

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the hammer throw.  Measurement was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Hammer NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
hammer throw


title: Lauren Kleppin

text:
Lauren Kleppin (born November 22, 1988) is an American long-distance runner. Kleppin competes in marathon, half-marathon, and numerous road distances. She holds the second highest American finish at the Los Angeles Marathon since 2012, having finished third in 2014. She is also a ten-time NCAA All-American, twice in cross country and eight times in track and field.

Personal life
Born and raised in the Greater Milwaukee area, Lauren graduated from South Milwaukee High School. Prior to Western State Colorado University, where she earned a degree in Art, minoring in Outdoor Recreation - Kleppin attended Colorado State University. Lauren lettered four times in both cross country and track while at South Milwaukee High School in South Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She was named first-team all-Southeast Conference four times and twice was named to the all-state cross country team. She received many individual honors, including MVP of both cross country and track teams, and rookie of the year in cross country, and twice was named most improved in cross country. She holds the school record in the mile (5:02) and in the two mile (10:57). Her Hobbies are Hiking, Reading next to the creek in Mammoth, Kayaking, Fishing, Paddle boarding, Watercolor painting. Kleppin is also passionate for the Whitmore Animal Shelter and Save the Colorado. In 2016, she attended the PNC Milwaukee Marathon to hand out medals to kids and cheer on the runners.

2008-2012
Lauren Kleppin was a DII standout, earning 10 All-American honors, setting the Western State, Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, and NCAA Division 2 records in the 10,000 meters. Kleppin holds the following record:
 Women's NCAA Division 2 all-time 10,000 metres record (set at Stanford Invitational in 2012 with a time of 32:49.92)
Significant win at 2012 Open Air Big Bear, California 50K

2013
Since leaving WSCU, Kleppin continued her distance running success, with a victories at the 2013 Carlsbad Marathon (2:42:17) and 2013 Cellcom Green Bay Marathon (2:47:20). Lauren Kleppin was coached by Terrance Mahon until he left to start Boston Athletic Association distance group in September 2013.

2014
Kleppin was the runner-up finisher at the 2014 USA Half-Marathon Championships in 1:12:12.

Lauren was the third-place finisher and top American at the 2014 Los Angeles Marathon, where she took 13 minutes off her previous marathon personal best.

Kleppin represented the United States with a 14th place finish at the 2014 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Copenhagen in a personal best time of 1:10:16.

Lauren finished 4th in the Bix 7 / USA 7 mile championship in Davenport, Iowa behind Molly Huddle, Sara Hall, and Rachel Ward in 37:34 [5:22 / mile pace].

Kleppin had an Asics shoe contract, and worked part-time at the Mammoth Tavern (a bar and restaurant).

Kleppin will race the 2014 TCS New York City Marathon on Sunday, November 2.

Kleppin finished 15th at NYC marathon in 2:39:13 at 2014 TCS New York City Marathon - American Women Field.

Lauren ranked 7th in 2014 the United States Marathon.

2015
Kleppin blogs about returning to Mammoth. Watch Lauren finish 12th in the USA Track and Field half marathon championships in 1:12:31.

Lauren ran 2:37:13 to finish 11th in the Tokyo Marathon on 22 February.

On May 17, 2015, Lauren finished 12th at San Francisco Bay to Breakers 12 km in 42:51.

In August, trains in Flagstaff, Arizona.  She joined the Hoka One One team in October.

2016
Lauren will compete in the 2016 US Olympic Marathon Trials in Los Angeles, California in February for a chance to earn a medal for United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Awards and world rankings
ten-time NCAA All-American
two in cross country  2010-11 2011-12 U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association
eight times in track and field

2014 Women's Marathon – 80
2014 Women's Road Running – 157

References

External links
 Asics Sponsor – Asics website

 Profile of Lauren KLEPPIN

Living people
1988 births
American female long-distance runners
American female marathon runners
Western Colorado University alumni
Track and field athletes from Milwaukee
21st-century American women


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's javelin throw

text:
This is a list of the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Champions in the javelin throw.  Measurements were conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances. International javelin design regulations were changed in 1986 with the center of gravity of the implement moved forward. As a result, throwing distances were in general shorter, flat landings fewer, and legal throws (tip-down) easier to attain post-1985.

Champions
Key
* = Old javelin
A = Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Javelin NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
Javelin


Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (abbreviated as TSRTC) is a state-owned corporation that runs bus transport services to and from the Indian state of Telangana.  It was formed in 2014 by splitting the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Many other Indian metro towns in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the services of TSRTC. It serves about 6 million passengers every day, having three zones and services operating through 99 depots.

History
Road transport corporation in Telangana State was first established as NSRRTD (Nizam State Rail & Road Transport Department), a wing of Nizam State Railway in the erstwhile Hyderabad State, in 1932, with 27 buses and 166 employees. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) was established on 11 January 1958 in pursuance of the Road Transport Corporations Act 1950. Consequent upon bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state into Telangana and residual Andhra Pradesh, TSRTC operated as a separate entity from 03.06.2015. The Government of Telangana has subsequently established Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC), on 27.03.2016, under the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. The Telangana government, on Monday, July 31, 2023 decided to merge Telangana State Road Transport Corporation with the government.

Divisions
TSRTC has three zones: Hyderabad Rural (HR), Greater Hyderabad (GHz), and Karimnagar (KRMR). It is further subdivided into 11 regions and 25 divisions. It has a fleet of 9,232 buses, of which around 2,822 are hired vehicles. TSRTC buses undertake operations on 36,593 routes.

Types of services
TSRTC operates a number of different kinds of services, both for urban transport as well as intercity and village transport.

Premium services
Air-conditioned buses are branded as "Vajra", "Garuda Plus", "Garuda" and "Rajadhani" (previously known as Indra), "Lahari" (A/c Sleeper).

Vajra/Cyberliner
TSRTC started its new service named Vajra with tag line 'Mobility Redefined' and 'Service At Doorstep'. These are the Mahindra's COSMO 3.3 Liter BS-IV AC Buses. The goal of Vajra was to reduce the hassle of commuters having to travel to a bus station in Hyderabad in order to board an intercity service. Vajra bridged that gap by providing intercity services from various colonies in Hyderabad to Warangal, Nizamabad, Godavarikhani and Karimnagar city. Few buses are renamed as 'Cyberliner', for the IT employees in the Hyderabad.

Garuda Plus

TSRTC operates multi-axle buses of Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, and Scania branded as Garuda Plus buses. Designed for superior ride quality, these buses have reclining seats, while a few older buses also have calf rests. There are two/three LED TVs in each coach with pre-loaded movies depending on the make. As in Vennela, passengers are given a 500ml water bottle, a blanket and a packet of facial wipes. TSRTC operates Garuda plus buses on intercity and interstate routes between urban centers such as Khammam-Bengaluru, Hyderabad-Adilabad, Hyderabad-Karimnagar, Hyderabad-Mumbai, Hyderabad-Vijayawada, Hyderabad-Bengaluru, Nizamabad-Bengaluru, Nizamabad-Tirupati, Warangal-Bengaluru, Godavarikhani-Bengaluru, Karimnagar-Bengaluru, Hyderabad-Pune, Hyderabad-Chennai, Hyderabad-Nagpur, Hyderabad-Bhadrachalam, Hyderabad-Kakinada.

Garuda & E- Garuda

TSRTC operates bi-axle buses of Volvo and Isuzu make branded as Garuda. There have been no additions to the fleet since 2009 apart from a few Vennela which were downgraded as Garuda. This class of service is being phased out. Designed for superior ride quality, these buses have reclining seats. As in Vennela, passengers are given a 500ml water bottle, a blanket and a packet of facial wipes. Some popular Garuda routes are Hyderabad-Warangal and Karimnagar, Vijayawada.

TSRTC launched 10 Electric Intercity AC buses built by Olectra (CX2 model) which are branded as 'E-Garuda' on 16 May 2023. As of now these buses will ply between Hyderabad and Vijayawada.

Rajadhani

TSRTC operates AC buses built on Ashok Leyland's 12M Viking chassis and Volvo 8400 City Buses branded as ''Rajadhani''. Introduced in 2011, these buses were earlier branded as Indra. Rajadhani buses act as a bridge between mid-level service "Super Luxury" and premium service "Garuda Plus". These buses are generally operated to state capital Hyderabad from various district headquarters. These are also operated on high-frequency long-distance routes. Only water bottles are provided in these buses.

Lahari Sleeper

For the first time in the State, the TSRTC has introduced sleeper buses(both A/c and Non-A/c) into its fleet for the convenience of passengers travelling long distances. These buses ,which are AC sleeper are built on Ashok Leyland chasis and Non-A/c Sleeper cum seater are built on Eicher chasis. These buses have been named ‘Lahari’, which have been made available for the first time in the State, as an alternative to the services of private operators.

Mid-level services

Mid-level services are branded "Super Luxury", "Deluxe" and "Express".
 Super Luxury

These are non-air conditioned 2+2 push back services which are run from major cities. These are video coaches in which various movies are played. Most of the buses are of Ashok Leyland, Tata, Eicher etc. Recently Tsrtc, has started inducting its own BS6 stage buses into its fleet. The first batch of BS6 Super luxury buses built on Ashok Leyland chasis was inaugurated in the capital city of Telangana.
 Deluxe

These are non-air conditioned 2+2 services which are run as intercity services. The color of a Deluxe bus is violet. Most of the buses are of Ashok Leyland, Tata, Eicher, etc.
 Express and Semi Express
These are non-air conditioned 3+2 services which are run as intercity services. The color of an Express bus is light blue and dark blue. Most of the buses are of Ashok Leyland, Tata, and Eicher.

TSRTC runs city route buses in urban areas like Suryapet, Mahabubnagar, Siddipet, Godavarikhani and Khammam.

Entry-level services

Entry-level ordinary service is branded as "Palle Velugu" and "Mini-Pallevelugu". These buses constitute the majority of TSRTC's fleet, and are used to provide connectivity to villages and small towns. Palle Velugu are typically used on short routes connecting villages and small towns to larger towns.

Urban services

City buses in Hyderabad and Warangal are also branded in a similar fashion. Air-conditioned city buses are branded "Metro Luxury". The city buses to Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) are branded "Pushpak(Airport Liner)". Mid-level city services are branded "Metro Deluxe" and "Metro Express" whereas the entry-level "Ordinary" buses are not given any name but are commonly referred to as a "City Bus". These service categories should not be confused with local arrangements like "Merupu", "Trisul" and "Ramabanam".

Special Hire Services

TSRTC also provides buses for special hire to individuals and organisations for any purpose such as tours, pilgrimage, marriage transport, excursions etc. All kinds of buses are available for Special Hire, each with their own tariff rate.

Electric Buses
TSRTC inaugurated 40 Electric buses in the capital city, which is the first STU to add electric buses under FAME scheme and named it as 'Pushpak Airport Liner', Which has replaced the 'Tata Marcopolo AC' buses with 'Olectra BYD eBuzz K9'  buses which connects the Hyderabad International Airport from different locations in the city.

Hyderabad Pushpak Airport Liner bus routes
The following is a list of the airport bus routes operated by TSRTC in Hyderabad.

Cargo Services

In June 2020, TSRTC launched its Cargo Services in State. These cargo vehicles were refabricated from older, retired passenger buses, and were launched with the goal of transporting governmental goods such as books, departmental materials, question papers and answer sheets for educational institutions and other goods being supplied by the government. Each depot has been supplied with 2 cargo vehicles, and are available for hire by private parties as well.

During the COVID-19 crisis, TSRTC cargo vehicles were used extensively to transport pharmaceuticals and medicinal supplies, as well as farm goods, groceries, and other logistics for the government.

Initiatives
 TSRTC has converted few scrapped buses into Bio Mobile Toilets which are equipped with an exclusive unit for transgender, two units for women and one unit for men. The mobile toilets will be into service at places that experience high footfall and places where gatherings are held in the state.
 TSRTC has recently launched the 'Pushpak Airport' bus 'live tracking' app for the City Airport buses, where users can view route maps, live track buses, bus number and travel duration and can also access the live location of the bus using the “View on Map” option in the app.
 TSRTC established its own Nursing college,i.e., TSRTC College of Nursing, to meet the needs of the Hospital which will be now allow out patients other than TSRTC employees and the classes of nursing will be starting from the academic year(2022–23) in the TSRTC Hospital in Tarnaka.
 QR Code based UPI payments implemented at OPRS Counters,Cargo Counters in MGBS & JBS and All Bus pass Counters in Twin Cities in 2021.

Awards and achievements
 2nd best STU at National Level in KMPL improvement during the period from October 2019 to September 2020
TSRTC has been adjudged as “WINNER” in the category “(4) Initiatives taken for adoption of Fossil Fuel/EV vehicles /Alternative Fuel in public transport” for introduction of “Electric Vehicles”
Telangana State Renewable Energy Development Corporation has presented Golden and Silver awards for the year 2019-20 on improvement in fuel efficiency
Highest KMPL fuel efficiency for the year 2014-15
 Award for Excellence 2016 - Best Bus Transportation

Accidents and incidents
 On 11 September 2018 India's worst bus tragedy took place in Telangana when a bus belonging to Jagtial depot was jam-packed with 88 passengers swerved off a ghat road and hurtled 30 feet down onto a valley at Sanivarampet killing 56 people and injuring 32 on board. The mishap occurred when bus driver Srinivas lost control over the wheel near Sanivarampet. Srinivas reportedly failed to slow down the vehicle as he failed to see a speed-breaker. When the bus hit the bump at high speed, Srinivas lost control over the wheel, resulting in the mishap. The vehicle rolled four times before falling onto the valley.

Protest
48000 employees stayed off work for a period of 52 days starting 5 October 2019, protesting against hostile working environments, arbitrary pay cuts and loan denials, unsanitary workplaces, long working hours, as well as asking for a merger of the corporation into the state government.

The transport strike was met with solidarity from other unions such as the Teacher's Union, Employees Union, TNGO, TS TRANSCO etc.

The strike was met with brutal suppression from the state government and Telangana Police, who fired non lethal rounds into crowds of protestors, as well as taking a large number of them into custody.

Unable to continue amid the brutal suppression, the workers were finally forced into calling off the strike on 25 November.

References

External links

Ticket Booking Site
 TSRTC

Companies based in Hyderabad, India
Transport in Telangana
State agencies of Telangana
State road transport corporations of India
Indian companies established in 2014
Transport companies established in 2014
2014 establishments in Telangana
Government agencies established in 2014


title: Holmberg II

text:
Holmberg II is a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. Its apparent magnitude is 11,1m and it is 11 million light years away from Earth. The galaxy is dominated by huge glowing gas bubbles, which are regions of star formation.

Holmberg II also hosts an ultraluminous X-ray source. One hypothesis suggests that is caused by an intermediate mass black hole that is pulling surrounding material.

Holmberg II was discovered by Erik Bertil Holmberg.

References

External links

Ursa Major
Dwarf galaxies
268
23324
04305
M81 Group


title: 1995 Copa Interamericana

text:
The 1995 Copa Interamericana was the 17th. edition of the Copa Interamericana. The final took place between Costa Rican club Deportivo Saprissa (winner of 1995 CONCACAF Champions' Cup) and Colombian side Atlético Nacional (1995 Copa Libertadores runner-up so current champion Grêmio declined to participate.

Unlike previous editions, the final was staged over just one match, being held on April 3, 1997, in San José, Costa Rica. Atlético Nacional beat Saprissa 3–2, winning their second Copa Interamericana trophy. Furthermore, they are the only team from Colombia to have win the competition.

Qualified teams

Match details

References

Copa Interamericana
i
i
i
International club association football competitions hosted by Colombia
International club association football competitions hosted by Costa Rica
i
i


title: Dynamic amplification factor

text:
Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) or Dynamic Increase Factor (DIF), is a dimensionless number which describes how many times the deflections or stresses should be multiplied to the deflections or stresses caused by the static loads when a dynamic load is applied on to a structure.

When lifting an object during a sub-sea operation, the DAF is calculated based on dynamic hydraulic forces or on snap-forces.

Where:
 is the mass of the object in air (kg)
 is the acceleration of gravity (9.81m/s2)
 is the largest of  or  (N)

References

Dimensionless numbers


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's decathlon

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the decathlon. International javelin design regulations changed in 1986, so all javelin throws in 1985 and before were using the old, more aerodynamic javelin.

Champions
Key
w=wind aided
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

Flash Results, Inc.

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Decathlon NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
decathlon


title: Terrainability

text:
The terrainability of a machine or robot is defined as its ability to negotiate terrain irregularities.

Terrainability is a term coined in the research community and related to locomotion in the field of mobile robotics. Its various definitions generically describe the ability of the robot to handle various terrains in terms of their ground support, obstacle sizes and spacing, passive/dynamic stability, etc.

References

Robotics


title: Plug (accounting)

text:
A plug, also known as reconciling amount, is an unsupported adjustment to an accounting record or general ledger.  Ideally, bookkeeping should account for all numbers during reconciliation, i.e. when comparing two sets of accounting records to make sure they are in agreement. However, discrepancies, i.e. unintentional accounting errors can occur, for example due to data entry, or an adding or a rounding error. An organization may use a plug for an immaterial amount, because it may not be cost effective to search through numerous pages of transactions to find the error. The acceptability of a plug depends upon the amount: a plug must be immaterial in order to be justified.

Definition
The most basic definition of a plug may be "a placeholder number which is used in an overall cost or budget estimate until a more accurate figure can be obtained".

Plugging has been described as "the use of false numbers in financial ledgers that forces balances, and effectively masks accounting errors and control deficiencies".

Consequence
Plugging will make an analysis unreliable, resulting for example in a flawed ratio analysis, performance analysis and other attachments on a financial model like equity valuation, budgeting and loan appraisal, and debt structuring.

Dependence on plugging has been described as "indicative of a dysfunctional finance and accounting system".

Examples

Accounting malpractice at the US Defense Department was investigated in 2013 by Reuters. At the Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) superiors ordered accountants to make unsubstantiated change actions and enter false numbers. In the Cleveland DFAS office, unsupported adjustments to make balances agree totaled $1.03 billion in 2010 alone, according to a December 2011 General Accounting Office report.

Difference to creative accounting
Creative accounting may follow the letter of the rules of standard accounting practice, yet deviate by excessive complication creating opaqueness, whereas plugging the numbers deviates from accounting rules for a relatively "immaterial amount".

See also
 Fudge factor

References

Accounting in the United States
Accounting terminology


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's high jump

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the high jump.  Measurement of the jumps was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
A=Altitude assisted

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

High
High jump competitions
high jump


title: Parabola (album)

text:
Parabola is a double album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans recorded in Italy in 1978 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Arthur Blythe, Steve Lacy and Lew Soloff and released on the Italian Horo label.

Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 3½ stars.

Track listing
All compositions by Gil Evans except as indicated
 "Waltz" - 14:22
 "Up from the Skies" (Jimi Hendrix) - 4:20
 "Parabola" (Alan Shorter) - 11:52
 "Stone Free" (Hendrix) - 21:58
 "Variation" - 24:00

Personnel
Gil Evans - piano, electric piano, arranger, conductor
Lew Soloff - trumpet
Earl McIntyre - trombone
Steve Lacy - soprano saxophone
Arthur Blythe - alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
Pete Levin - keyboards
Don Pate - bass
Noel McGhie - drums

References

1979 albums
Gil Evans albums
Albums arranged by Gil Evans
Horo Records albums


title: NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships – Men's pole vault

text:
This is a list of the NCAA outdoor champions in the pole vault.  Measurement of the jumps was conducted in imperial distances (feet and inches) until 1975.  Metrication occurred in 1976, so all subsequent championships were measured in metric distances.

Champions
Key
A=Altitude assisted
i=indoors (1970)

References

GBR Athletics

External links
NCAA Division I men's outdoor track and field

Pole NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Outdoor track, men
Pole vault


title: Olequa, Washington

text:
Olequa, also known as Olequah, is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Olequa is located north of the city of Castle Rock on the west bank of the Cowlitz River. Olequa is accessed by traveling  north on West Side Highway from Castle Rock. The Olequa community is part of the Castle Rock School District, a K-12 school district of about 1,300 students.

A post office called Olequa was established in 1875, and remained in operation until 1912. Olequa is a name derived from an Indian language.

Geography
Olequa is located at  (46.37524765, -122.9403952).

External links
Castle Rock School District website

References

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: Stella, Washington

text:
Stella is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Stella is located northwest of the city of Longview, reached by traveling westbound out of the city along Washington State Route 4, also known as Ocean Beach Highway, and turning north onto Stella Road. The Stella community is part of the Longview School District, a K-12 school district of about 6,600 students.

The community was named after Stella Packard, the daughter of a local merchant.

Geography
Stella is located at  (46.1906660, -123.1198407).

Further reading

References

External links
Longview Public Schools website

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: 2004 Havant Borough Council election

text:
The 2004 Havant Borough Council election took place on 10 June 2004 to elect members of Havant Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:
Conservative 27
Labour 6
Liberal Democrats 5

Election result
The Conservatives gained seats to hold 27 of the 38 seats on the council, while Labour fell to 6 seats and the Liberal Democrats dropped to hold 5 seats. The Conservative gains included taking Barncroft and Battins wards in Leigh Park from Labour; the first time in over 30 years that Labour had not won all the seats in Leigh Park. Overall turnout at the election was 32.4%.

Ward results

Barncroft

Battins

Bedhampton

Bondfields

Cowplain

Emsworth

Hart Plain

Hayling East

Hayling West

Purbrook

St. Faiths

Stakes

Warren Park

Waterloo

By-elections between 2004 and 2006

References

2004 English local elections
Havant Borough Council elections
2000s in Hampshire


title: Catoptinae

text:
The Catoptinae are a subfamily of the family Cossidae (carpenter or goat moths).

Genera
 Catopta Staudinger, 1899
 Chiangmaiana Kemal & Koçak, 2005 objective replacement name Cesa, Miscellaneous papers, 91/92: 12. [misdating as: "Kemal & Koçak, 2007" (Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2007) Eversmannia, 11–12: 12 ; misdating as: "Kemal & Koçak, 2006" (Yakovlev, 2009) Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 88 (10): 1207, 1211.]  ( ≡ Nirvana Yakovlev, 2004 nom. invalid.(preoc.name) non Stål, 1859 nec Kirkaldy, 1900 nec Yakovlev, 2007 nec Tsukuda & Nishiyama, 1979);( ≡ Nirrvanna Yakovlev, 2007 nom. invalid.( junior object. syn.), objective replacement name (mistaken repl.n.) non Stål, 1859 nec Kirkaldy, 1900 nec Tsukuda & Nishiyama, 1979 )

References

 , 1937: Zwei neue Cossidae aus Persien. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 27: 49–51. Full article: .
 , 2005. Nomenclatural notes on various taxa of the Moths (Lepidoptera). — Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Miscellaneous Papers, 91/92: 11–14.
 , 2009. Catoptinae subfam. n., a new subfamily of carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Entomological Review 89 (8): 927–932.
 , 2007.  Little known species of Palaearctic and Oriental Cossidae (Lepidoptera). II. Chiangmaiana qinlingensis Hua, Chou, Fang & Chen, 1990. Eversmannia, 11–12: 12–13; Pl.[I]: map2, f.2
 , 2009: The Carpenter Moths (Lepidoptera:Cossidae) of Vietnam. Entomofauna Supplement 16: 11–32.

External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossidae
Moth subfamilies


title: Oak Point, Washington

text:
Oak Point, also known as Oakpoint, (residents use Oak Point) is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Oak Point is located northwest of the city of Longview, reached by traveling westbound out of the city along Washington State Route 4, also known as Ocean Beach Highway, and turning north onto Mill Creek Road. The Oak Point community is part of the Longview School District, a K-12 school district of about 6,600 students.

Background
Oak Point received its name from the fact George Vancouver and his men came across a grove of oak trees there.

Local lore has it that the community was served by several saloons, a general store, and a post office in the late 19th century, A water powered lumber mill was once located on Mill Creek, near the intersection of Mill Creek Road and Ocean Beach Highway.  A "one room" school house served the community until about 1964. The school actually had at least two large rooms and also served as a community center, hosting women's club meetings and community Christmas gatherings. A lumber camp was situated at the end of Hunter Road in the 19th century and a log flume is said to have transported logs to the mill, a distance of approximately 3 miles. Stumps of old growth trees cut during the logging camp's heyday, some of which are up to six feet in diameter, can still be seen throughout the area.

Geography
Oak Point is located at  (46.1909435, -123.1887321).  Oak Point is characterized by thickly forested hills, and steep canyons through which a number of small creeks run.  Soil consists of a thin layer of black loam in forested areas and dense red clay throughout. Under the clay is usually found basalt rock a few feet down. The southern limit of the community is bordered by a steep cliff on the Columbia River.  This cliff is several hundred feet high. Some homes in the community were threatened when an approximately one mile stretch of the cliff face gave way without warning back in the 1960s.

External links
Longview Public Schools website

References

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: Rodrigo Guidolin

text:
Rodrigo Guidolin (born September 20, 1985), is a professional tennis player. He turned pro at age 17. In 2009 he won two Challenger level ATP doubles titles with partner Marcelo Demoliner.

Ranking

Guidolin’s career high singles ranking was reached on May 16, 2011, attaining the rank of 340. His career high rank for doubles is 167, which he achieved on March 1, 2010.

Win–loss record

Guidolin’s career win–loss record at the ATP/WTA Tour and ITF Pro Circuit main draw is 166 wins and 132 losses. His doubles record at the ATP/WTA Tour and ITF Pro Circuit main draw is 187 wins and 105 losses. In the ITF Pro Circuit main draw Guidolin’s career singles record is 160 wins versus 121 losses. Career doubles in the ITF Pro Circuit main draw was 159 wins to 82 losses.

References

1985 births
Living people
Brazilian male tennis players
21st-century Brazilian people
Sportspeople from Piracicaba


title: Bunker Hill, Washington

text:
Bunker Hill is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States. Bunker Hill is located northwest of the city of Longview, reached by traveling westbound out of the city along Washington State Route 4, also known as Ocean Beach Highway, and turning north onto Bunker Hill Road. The Bunker Hill community is part of the Longview School District, a K-12 school district of about 6,600 students.

Geography
Bunker Hill is located at  (46.2023325, -123.1387306).

References

External links
Longview Public Schools website

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: Purshottam Das Jalota

text:
Purshottam Das Jalota (9 September 1925 – 18 January 2011) was an Indian classical and devotional music singer, best known for his bhajans. He was awarded the Padma Shri by Government of India, in 2004.

Born in Phagwara, Punjab, he learnt Hindustani classical music from Master Ratan of Sham Chaurasia gharana. At the age of twenty-four, he moved to Lucknow and started singing professionally. He gradually shifted to singing Bhajans and set to tune several Bhajans based on Raagdari Sangeet, or what is sometimes referred to as Indian classical music in the West. He considered that this would propagate India's rich cultural heritage as well as popularize classical music.

He was the father of the singer Anup Jalota. He died at the age of 85 on 18 January 2011.

Awards and titles
 "Bhajan Samrat" by All India Hindu Mahasabha.
 The Jeevan Jagruti Manch honored him with the "Rashtra Bhushan Award" at the hands of the former President of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, in 1992.
 He was honored by being presented the key of the city of Chicago, the US by the Mayor of Chicago.
 He was made an honorary citizen of Baltimore, U.S.A. by the Mayor of Baltimore.
 Government of India honored him with Padma Shri in the year 2004.

References

External links
 Shri Purshottam Das Jalota Profile Anup Jalota website
 Shri Purshottam Das Jalota on Sugam Sangeet
 Purshottam Das Jalota, Discography at Gaana

1925 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Bhajan singers
Singers from Lucknow
Hindustani singers
Hindi-language singers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts


title: Mpeketoni attacks

text:
Between 15 June and 17 June 2014, more than 60 people were killed in attacks in and near Mpeketoni, Kenya. The Somalia-based Al-Shabaab militant group claimed responsibility, but the Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta asserted that the attacks were organized by local politicians with ties to a network of gangs. Correspondents from the area suggested that the attacks may have been motivated by ethnic or religious hatred, or revenge for land grabbing.

First attack
On 15 June 2014, about 50 masked gunmen hijacked a van and raided a police station in the predominantly Christian town of Mpeketoni, Kenya.  According to a local policeman, the gunmen then shot men at random as women were forced to watch. The assailants also burned hotels, restaurants, and government offices.

According to Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, the Mpeketoni police received warning of the attack ahead of time, but did not act on the warning. No on-duty police were killed in the attack and military reinforcements stationed  away did not arrive until 10 hours after the attack, leading The Standard to declare the "government fed us to the dogs". The newspaper's investigation suggested police had ignored calls for help, in some cases turning off their radios.  Others were watching World Cup games and did not receive notice of the situation. An eyewitness said he was told police vehicles did not have sufficient fuel to respond to his distress call. The police commissioner, who was reportedly suspended after the attack, stated "We responded robustly but we were overwhelmed."

After the attacks, angry local Kenyans brandishing weapons subsequently took to Mpeketoni's streets in protest.

At least 53 people were reportedly killed during the attack, and eight others were unaccounted for as of 18 June. Most of the dead Kenyans were Kikuyus.

Second attack
On 17 June 2014, assailants set fire to houses in the villages of Majembeni and Poromoko, near Mpeketoni. Initial reports also said twelve women were abducted during the raid, although that was later proven incorrect.

After the second attack, Kenyan security forces located a group of suspects armed with AK-47's fleeing from Mpeketoni. Five of the suspects were killed in a gun battle with security forces, while an undetermined number of others escaped.

Perpetrators
Although no group immediately claimed responsibility for the first attack, Kenyan army spokesman Major Emmanuel Chirchir said the "assailants [are] likely to be Al-Shabaab".

Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the second attack, saying its members had killed 20 people. Kenyatta asserted that local politicians, who were connected with a network of gangs, had instigated the attacks, and dismissed Al-Shabaab's claim of responsibility.

Many locals accused the Kenyan government of attempting to enrich Kikuyus by giving them land. This grievance was also behind the fatal ethnic violence that took place following the disputed 2007 Kenyan elections. President Kenyatta, a Kikuyu himself, described the attacks as "politically motivated ethnic violence against a Kenyan community, with the intention of profiling and evicting them for political reasons". The opposition leader Raila Odinga, who Kenyatta had defeated in the 2013 general election, denied involvement in the violence and suggested that Kenyatta's remarks were "unfortunate and unjustified".

Correspondents from the area conjectured that ethnic Somali or Oromo residents may have perpetrated the attack and attempted to deflect blame onto Al-Shabaab by using the group's flag as a guise.

On 25 June, Lamu County Governor Issa Timamy was arrested on charges related to the attack.

References

Attacks in Africa in 2014
Terrorist incidents in Kenya in 2014
2014 murders in Kenya
Terrorist incidents in Kenya
Mass murder in 2014
Mass shootings in Africa
Arson in Kenya
Hijacking
Attacks on police stations in the 2010s
Islamic terrorism in Kenya
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014
Massacres of men
Violence against men in Africa


title: Swarajya (magazine)

text:
Swarajya is an Indian right-wing monthly print magazine and news portal. The publication reports favourably on the Bharatiya Janata Party and has published misinformation on many occasions.

R. Jagannathan is the current editorial director. Originally established in 1956 as a weekly under the patronage of C. Rajagopalachari, it shut down in 1980 but was relaunched in September 2014, as a daily news website; a monthly print magazine was launched in January 2015.

History

Swarajya was launched as a weekly magazine in 1956 by journalist Khasa Subba Rao, under the patronage of C. Rajagopalachari, a prominent independence activist and one of the founders of the Swatantra Party.

The magazine strongly advocated individual freedom and freedom of enterprise as against Nehru's socialist policies. Minoo Masani, Ramaswamy Venkataraman, and R. K. Laxman have contributed to the magazine. After Rajagopalachari's death in 1972, the magazine slowly began to decline and eventually closed in 1980.

Relaunch in 2014
The magazine was relaunched as an online daily in September 2014, with Sandipan Deb as the Editorial Director; the first edition of the print magazine was launched in January 2015. Coimbatore-based Kovai Media Private Limited purchased the rights to the magazine from Chennai-based Bharathan Publishers, along with 40,000 pages from the earlier editions of the magazine. The magazine describes itself as "a big tent for liberal right of centre discourse".

In October 2016, it acquired OpIndia; in 2018, it became an independent entity. In 2018, Swarajya launched its Hindi edition.

Reception
The website has misreported news on multiple occasions, according to fact-checkers including Alt News and Boom. Columnists working for Swarajya have allegedly engaged in a variety of trolling over Twitter. Journalists working for Swarajya have propagated communally charged fake news via their personal accounts. Swarajya was blacklisted from Wikipedia in 2020 alongside OpIndia and Hindu nationalist website TFIpost.

References

External links

1956 establishments in Madras State
Right-wing politics in India
English-language magazines published in India
Monthly magazines published in India
News magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1956
Fake news websites
Fake news in India
Mass media in Bangalore
Mass media in Chennai
Mass media in Coimbatore
Indian news websites


title: Joanne Wilkes

text:
Joanne Claire Wilkes is a New Zealand professor of English literature.

Academic career
Wilkes did an undergraduate degree at the University of Sydney and a DPhil at the University of Oxford in 1984. She then taught at Monash University in Melbourne and then the University of Auckland. She became a professor in 2013. She specialises in women writers whose recognition has faded.

Selected works
 Lord Byron and Madame de Staël born for opposition
 Women reviewing women in nineteenth-century Britain the critical reception of Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot
 The works of Elizabeth Gaskell

References

External links
 Institutional homepage
 Full text of doctoral thesis via Oxford Research Archive

Alumni of the University of Oxford
University of Sydney alumni
Academic staff of Monash University
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
Living people
1956 births