title: Elizabeth Holmes

text:
Elizabeth Anne Holmes (born February 3, 1984) is an American former biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of fraud in connection to her blood-testing company, Theranos. The company's valuation soared after it claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing methods that needed only very small volumes of blood, such as from a fingerprick. In 2015, Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-made female billionaire in the United States on the basis of a $9-billion valuation of her company. In the following year, as revelations of potential fraud about Theranos's claims began to surface, Forbes revised its estimate of Holmes's net worth to zero, and Fortune named her in its feature article on "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".

The decline of Theranos began in 2015, when a series of journalistic and regulatory investigations revealed doubts about the company's claims and whether Holmes had misled investors and the government. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Theranos, Holmes, and former Theranos chief operating officer (COO) Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani with raising $700 million from investors through a "massive fraud" involving false or exaggerated claims about the accuracy of the company's blood-testing technology; Holmes settled the charges by paying a $500,000 fine, returning 18.9 million shares to the company, relinquishing her voting control of Theranos, and accepting a ten-year ban from serving as an officer or director of a public company.

In June 2018, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and Balwani on fraud charges. Her trial in the case of U.S. v. Holmes, et al. ended in January 2022 when Holmes was convicted of defrauding investors, and acquitted of defrauding patients. She was sentenced to serve  years in prison, beginning on May 30, 2023. She and Balwani were fined $452 million to be paid to the victims of the fraud.

The credibility of Theranos was attributed in part to Holmes's personal connections and ability to recruit the support of influential people, including Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, James Mattis, and Betsy DeVos, all of whom had served or would go on to serve as U.S. presidential cabinet officials. Holmes was in a clandestine romantic relationship with Balwani during most of Theranos's history. Following the collapse of Theranos, she started dating hotel heir Billy Evans, with whom she has two children.

Theranos and Holmes's career are the subject of a book, Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup (2018), by The Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou; an HBO documentary film, The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley (2019); a true crime podcast, The Dropout; and a Hulu miniseries based on the podcast, The Dropout (2022). Holmes is incarcerated at Federal Prison Camp, Bryan.

Early life

Elizabeth Holmes was born on February 3, 1984, in Washington, D.C. Her father, Christian Rasmus Holmes IV, was a vice president at Enron, an energy company that later went bankrupt after an accounting fraud scandal. Her mother, Noel Anne (née Daoust), worked as a Congressional committee staffer. Christian later held executive positions in government agencies such as USAID, the EPA, and USTDA. Elizabeth Holmes is partly of Danish ancestry. One of her paternal great-great-great-grandfathers was Charles Louis Fleischmann, a Hungarian immigrant who founded Fleischmann's Yeast Company. The Holmes family "was very proud of its yeast empire" history, according to a family friend Joseph Fuisz, "I think the parents very much yearned for the days of yore when the family was one of the richest in America. And I think Elizabeth channeled that, and at a young age."

Holmes graduated from high school at St. John's School in Houston. During high school, she was interested in computer programming and says she started her first business selling C++ compilers to Chinese universities. Her parents had arranged Mandarin Chinese home tutoring, and partway through high school, Holmes began attending Stanford University's summer Mandarin program. In 2002, Holmes attended Stanford, where she studied chemical engineering and worked as a student researcher and laboratory assistant in the School of Engineering.

After the end of her freshman year, Holmes worked in a laboratory at the Genome Institute of Singapore and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) through the collection of blood samples with syringes. She filed her first patent application on a wearable drug-delivery patch in 2003. Holmes reported that she was raped at Stanford in 2003. In March 2004, she dropped out of Stanford's School of Engineering and used her tuition money as seed funding for a consumer healthcare technology company.

Theranos

Founding
In 2003, Holmes founded the company Real-Time Cures in Palo Alto, California, to "democratize healthcare". Holmes described her fear of needles as a motivation and sought to perform blood tests using only small amounts of blood. When Holmes pitched the idea to reap "vast amounts of data from a few droplets of blood derived from the tip of a finger" to her medicine professor Phyllis Gardner at Stanford, Gardner responded, "I don't think your idea is going to work", explaining it was impossible to do what Holmes was claiming could be done. Several other expert medical professors told Holmes the same thing. However, Holmes did not relent, and she succeeded in getting her advisor and dean at the School of Engineering, Channing Robertson, to back her idea.

In 2003, Holmes renamed the company Theranos (a portmanteau of "therapy" and "diagnosis"). Robertson became the company's first board member and introduced Holmes to venture capitalists.

Holmes was an admirer of Apple founder Steve Jobs, and deliberately copied his style, frequently dressing in a black turtleneck sweater, as Jobs did. Holmes said her mother dressed her in black turtlenecks when she was young and that she had worn the turtlenecks beginning around the age of eight, but she also claims that she started wearing black turtlenecks upon founding the company in 2003. An employee said she suggested Holmes copy Jobs's famous Issey Miyake turtleneck look in 2007.

During most of her public appearances, she spoke in a deep baritone voice, although a former Theranos colleague later claimed he heard her speak in a voice stereotypical of a woman her age to welcome him when he was hired. Gardner of Stanford also denies that Holmes has a naturally deep voice. Her family, however, has maintained that her deep voice is authentic. In a 2023 New York Times interview, Holmes spoke in her natural, higher pitch voice, and confirmed that the low voice was an affectation.

Funding and expansion
By December 2004, Holmes had raised $6 million to fund the firm. By the end of 2010, Theranos had more than $92 million in venture capital. In July 2011, Holmes was introduced to former secretary of state George Shultz. After a two-hour meeting, he joined the Theranos board of directors. Holmes was recognized for forming "the most illustrious board in U.S. corporate history" over the next three years.

Holmes operated Theranos in "stealth mode" without press releases or a company website until September 2013, when the company announced a partnership with Walgreens to launch in-store blood sample collection centers. She was interviewed for Medscape by its editor-in-chief, Eric Topol, who praised her for "this phenomenal rebooting of laboratory medicine". Media attention increased in 2014, when Holmes appeared on the covers of Fortune, Forbes, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and Inc. Forbes recognized Holmes as the world's youngest self-made female billionaire and ranked her #110 on the Forbes 400 in 2014. Theranos was valued at $9 billion and had raised more than $400 million in venture capital. By the end of 2014, her name appeared on 18 U.S. patents and 66 foreign patents. During 2015, Holmes established agreements with Cleveland Clinic, Capital Blue Cross, and AmeriHealth Caritas to use Theranos technology.

Downfall
John Carreyrou of The Wall Street Journal initiated a secret, months-long investigation of Theranos after he received a tip from a medical expert who thought that Theranos's Edison blood testing device seemed suspicious. Carreyrou spoke to ex-employee whistleblowers and obtained company documents. When Holmes learned of the investigation, she initiated a campaign through her lawyer David Boies to stop Carreyrou from publishing, which included legal and financial threats against both the Journal and the whistleblowers.

In October 2015, despite Boies's legal threats and strong-arm tactics, the Journal published Carreyrou's "bombshell article" detailing how the Edison device gave inaccurate results, and revealing that the company had been using commercially available machines manufactured by other companies for most of its testing. Carreyrou continued to report problems with the company and Holmes's conduct in a series of articles and, in 2018, published a book titled Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, detailing his investigation of Theranos.

Holmes denied all the claims, calling the Journal a "tabloid" and promising the company would publish data on the accuracy of its tests. She appeared on CNBC's Mad Money the same evening the article was published. Jim Cramer said, "The article was pretty brutal", to which Holmes responded, "This is what happens when you work to change things, first they think you're crazy, then they fight you, and then all of a sudden you change the world."

In January 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sent a warning letter to Theranos after an inspection of its Newark, California, laboratory uncovered irregularities with staff proficiency, procedures, and equipment. CMS regulators proposed a two-year ban on Holmes from owning or operating a certified clinical laboratory after the company had not fixed problems in its California lab in March 2016. On The Today Show, Holmes said she was "devastated we did not catch and fix these issues faster" and said the lab would be rebuilt with help from a new scientific and medical advisory board.

In July 2016, CMS banned Holmes from owning, operating, or directing a blood-testing service for a period of two years. Theranos appealed that decision to a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services appeals board. Shortly thereafter, Walgreens ended its relationship with Theranos and closed its in-store blood collection centers. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also ordered the company to cease use of its Capillary Tube Nanotainer device, one of its core inventions.

In 2017, the State of Arizona filed suit against Theranos, alleging that the company had sold 1.5 million blood tests to Arizonans while concealing or misrepresenting important facts about those tests. In April 2017, the company settled the lawsuit by agreeing to refund the cost of the tests to consumers, and to pay $225,000 in civil fines and attorney fees, for a total of $4.65 million. Other reported ongoing actions include an unspecified investigation by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and two class action fraud lawsuits. Holmes denied any wrongdoing.

On May 16, 2017, approximately 99 percent of Theranos shareholders reached an agreement with the company to dismiss all litigation and potential litigation in exchange for shares of preferred stock. Holmes released a portion of her equity to offset any dilution of stock value to non-participating shareholders.

In March 2018, the SEC charged Holmes and Theranos's former president, Ramesh Balwani, with fraud by taking more than $700 million from investors while advertising a false product. The charges of fraud included the company's false claim that its technology was being used by the U.S. Department of Defense in combat situations. The company also lied when it claimed to have a $100-million revenue stream in 2014. That year, the company only made $100,000. On March 14, 2018, Holmes settled the lawsuit. The terms of Holmes's settlement included surrendering voting control of Theranos, returning 18.9 million shares to the company, a ban on holding an officer or director position in a public company for 10 years, and a $500,000 fine.

At its height in 2015, Theranos had more than 800 employees. It dismissed 340 people in October 2016 and an additional 155 in January 2017. In April 2018, Theranos filed a WARN Act notice with the State of California, announcing its plans to permanently lay off 105 employees, leaving it with fewer than two dozen employees. Most of the remaining employees were laid off in August 2018. On September 5, 2018, the company announced that it had begun the process of formally dissolving, with its remaining cash and assets to be distributed to its creditors.

U.S. v. Holmes, et al.

On June 15, 2018, following an investigation by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California in San Francisco that lasted more than two years, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and former Theranos chief operating officer and president, Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. Both pleaded not guilty. Prosecutors allege that Holmes and Balwani engaged in two criminal schemes, one to defraud investors, the other to defraud doctors and patients. After the indictment was issued, Holmes stepped down as CEO of Theranos but remained chair of the board.

Holmes was tried in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, with U.S. district judge Edward Davila presiding. Holmes retained defense lawyers from Williams & Connolly, a prominent American law firm that specializes in white-collar crime defense. The trial began on August 31, 2021, after being delayed for over a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Holmes's pregnancy. The case was prosecuted by the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California. Holmes testified in self-defense for seven days, claiming among other things that she was misled by her staff about the technology, and that her ex-romantic partner Sunny Balwani, who was also facing trial, held influence over her during the romantic relationship they had and which was still ongoing when the alleged criminal acts happened. The case's evidence outlined Holmes's role in faked demonstrations, falsified validation reports, misleading claims about contracts, and overstated financials at Theranos.

On January 3, 2022, Holmes was found guilty on four counts of defrauding investors three counts of wire fraud, and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. She was found not guilty on four counts of defrauding patients three counts of wire fraud and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. The jury returned a "no verdict" on three counts of wire fraud against investors the judge declared a mistrial on those counts and the government soon after agreed to dismiss them. Holmes waited on sentencing while remaining 'at liberty' on $500,000 bail, secured with property. She faced a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison, and a fine of $250,000, plus restitution, for each count of wire fraud and for each conspiracy count.

On November 18, 2022, U.S. District Judge Edward Davila sentenced Holmes to  years (135 months) in prison and ordered her to surrender by April 27, 2023. The sentence included a fine of $400, or $100 for each count of fraud, and a three-year supervised release after the prison term. Davila recommended she be incarcerated at Federal Prison Camp, Bryan, in Texas, a minimum-security facility with limited or no perimeter fencing. "No one wants to get kicked out because compared to other places in the prison system, this place is heaven. If you have to go it's a good place to go," said a criminal defense lawyer.

Holmes made some unsuccessful appeals and on May 17, Judge Davila ruled that she must surrender to custody on May 30, after accepting that she needed time to arrange childcare for her two children. She was ordered to pay $452 million to the victims of the fraud. Holmes and Balwani are equally responsible for the full amount. Holmes surrendered to custody at Federal Prison Camp, Bryan, in Texas on May 30. In July 2023, the Bureau of Prisons web site projected that Holmes could be released from prison two years early, after serving 85% of her sentence, according to guidelines for good conduct time.

Promotional activities
Holmes partnered with Carlos Slim in June 2015 to improve blood testing in Mexico. In October 2015, she announced #IronSisters to help women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers. In 2015, she helped to draft and pass a law in Arizona to let people obtain and pay for lab tests without requiring insurance or healthcare provider approval, while misrepresenting the accuracy and effectiveness of the Theranos device.

Connections
Theranos's board and investors included many influential figures. Holmes's first major investor was Tim Draper – Silicon Valley venture capitalist and father of Holmes's childhood friend Jesse Draper – who "cut Holmes a check" for $1 million upon hearing her initial pitch for the firm that would become Theranos. Theranos's pool of major investors expanded to include Rupert Murdoch, the Walton family, the DeVos family including Betsy DeVos, the Cox family of Cox Enterprises and Carlos Slim Helú. Each of these investors lost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars when Theranos folded.

One of Holmes's first board members was George Shultz. With Shultz's early involvement aiding Holmes's recruitment efforts, the 12-member Theranos board eventually included: Henry Kissinger, a former secretary of state; William Perry, a former secretary of defense; James Mattis, a future secretary of defense; Gary Roughead, a retired U.S. Navy admiral; Bill Frist, a former U.S. senator (R-TN); Sam Nunn, a former U.S. senator (D-GA); and former CEOs Dick Kovacevich of Wells Fargo and Riley Bechtel of Bechtel.

Recognition
Before the collapse of Theranos, Holmes received widespread acclaim. In 2015, she was appointed a member of the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows and was named one of Time magazine's "Time 100 most influential people". Holmes received the Under 30 Doers Award from Forbes and was ranked number 73 in its 2015 list of "the world's most powerful women". She was also named Woman of the Year by Glamour and received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Pepperdine University. Holmes was awarded the 2015 Horatio Alger Award of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, making her its youngest recipient in history. She previously had been named Fortunes Businessperson of the Year and had been listed in its 40 Under 40 feature. In 2015 she was a member of Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential. In 2016, Fortune named Holmes in its article on "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".

Personal life

Holmes was romantically involved with the Pakistani-born technology entrepreneur Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, who immigrated to India and then the US. She met him in 2002 during a trip to Beijing as part of Stanford University's Mandarin program. Holmes was 18 at the time and had just graduated from high school; Balwani is 19 years older than Holmes and he was married to another woman at the time.

Balwani divorced his wife in 2002 and became romantically involved with Holmes in 2003, about the same time Holmes dropped out of university. The couple moved into an apartment together in 2005. Although Balwani did not officially join Theranos until 2009, when he was given the title of chief operating officer, he was advising Holmes behind the scenes from the company's inception. Holmes and Balwani jointly ran the company with a corporate culture of "secrecy and fear" according to employees. Their romantic relationship was kept secret for much of their time running the company. Balwani left Theranos in 2016 in the wake of investigations. The circumstances of his departure are unclear; Holmes has stated that she fired him, but Balwani says that he left of his own accord.

On November 29, 2021, Holmes testified that she had been raped while she was a student at Stanford and that she sought solace from Balwani in the aftermath of the incident. She also said Balwani was very controlling during their romantic relationship, which lasted more than a decade, and at times he berated and sexually abused her. In her testimony, she stated he also wanted to "kill the person" she was and create a "new Elizabeth". However, she also testified that Balwani had not forced her to make the false statements to investors, business partners, journalists and company directors that had been described in the case. In court filings, Balwani has "categorically" denied abuse allegations, calling them "false and inflammatory."

Before the March 2018 settlement, Holmes owned half of Theranos's stock. Forbes listed her as one of America's Richest Self-Made Women in 2015 with a net worth of $4.5 billion. In June 2016, Forbes released an updated valuation of $800 million for Theranos, which made Holmes's stake essentially worthless, because other investors owned preferred shares and would have been paid before Holmes, who owned only common stock. Holmes reportedly owed a $25 million debt to Theranos in connection with exercising stock options. She did not receive any company cash from the arrangement, nor did she sell any of her shares, including those associated with the debt.

Holmes first met William "Billy" Evans in early 2017. In early 2019, Holmes became engaged to Evans, a 27-year-old heir to Evans Hotels, a family-owned group of hotels in the San Diego area. In mid-2019, Holmes and Evans reportedly married in a private ceremony. Holmes and Evans have not directly confirmed whether the two are legally married, and several sources continue to refer to him as her "partner" rather than her husband. Holmes gave birth to a son in July 2021. In October 2022, weeks before her sentencing hearing, it was reported she was pregnant with a second child. Holmes was accused of conceiving a second child, according to a court filing from February 2023, as a strategy for delaying the start of her prison term. Holmes denied this, saying she wanted to grow her family and the child was conceived before she was indicted, which she did not anticipate. Prior to her incarceration, she lived in the Mortimer Fleishhacker House in Woodside, California with her partner.

In January 2022, NPR obtained a copy of a partial police report from the evening of October 5, 2003, in which Holmes called the police and alleged she had been sexually assaulted at a fraternity house at Stanford between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. that morning. The police report supported claims made by Holmes during the trial, in which she said: "I was questioning how I was going to be able to process that [rape] experience and what I wanted to do with my life, and I decided that I was going to build a life by building [a company]." She had started Theranos later that year. The report written by the deputies who responded to the call was withheld from release, and the partial information obtained by NPR does not identify an alleged perpetrator or other details about the incident but identifies the street address of the Sigma Chi fraternity house as the location.

In the media

The case of Holmes is said to have created a stigma for other women entrepreneurs, particularly in the sciences and health care industries, who are often compared to her. Writing in The New York Times, technology journalist Erin Griffith commented that "Holmes continues to loom large across the start-up world because of the audacity of her story, which has permeated popular culture", with women entrepreneurs reporting that "the frequent comparisons [to Holmes] are pernicious".

Holmes has been featured in a number of media works:

In June 2016, Deadline Hollywood first reported that Jennifer Lawrence would play Holmes, in a film directed by Adam McKay, adapted from John Carreyrou's then-unpublished book Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup. In December 2021, The Hollywood Reporter reported that the film would be produced and distributed by Apple Studios, with Legendary Pictures co-producing. In November 2022, Jennifer Lawrence called off the film after seeing Amanda Seyfried's Emmy Award-winning portrayal in The Dropout, saying she didn't see the point, "I was like, 'Yeah, we don't need to redo that.' She did it."
 In May 2018, author John Carreyrou released the book Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, describing the life of Holmes and the inner workings of Theranos. The film rights to Carreyrou's book were purchased by Legendary nearly two years before the book was published.
 In January 2019, ABC News, Nightline, and Rebecca Jarvis released a podcast and documentary about the Holmes story called The Dropout. It included interviews and deposition tapes of key figures, including Elizabeth Holmes, Sunny Balwani, Christian Holmes (Elizabeth's brother), Tyler Shultz (Theranos whistleblower and grandson of Board Member George Shultz), Theranos board members Bill Frist, Gary Roughead, Robert Kovacevichz and others. The series also featured an interview with Jeff Coopersmith, the attorney representing Balwani.
 On March 18, 2019, HBO premiered the documentary The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley, a two-hour documentary film first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2019. It portrays the claims and promises made by Holmes in the last years of Theranos and how ultimately the company was brought down by the weight of many falsehoods. The documentary ends in 2018, with Holmes and Balwani indicted for multiple crimes.
In June 2021, Season 7, episode 12 of the US comedy-drama Younger features a musical number about famous scammers, in which Elizabeth Stanley portrays Holmes.
On August 8, 2021, the Australian newsmagazine 60 Minutes featured the Theranos story and Holmes's upcoming trial.
In March 2022, Hulu released The Dropout, a miniseries based on the podcast of the same name. The series starred Amanda Seyfried as Holmes, a role for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
In May 2023, Holmes gave her first interview in seven years to The New York Times. The interview was published while she prepared to go to prison.

References

Notes

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 USPTO list of granted U.S. patents listing Holmes as an inventor  (120 patents as of January 4, 2022)

1984 births
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American criminals
21st-century American inventors
American company founders
American confidence tricksters
American female criminals
American health care chief executives
American people convicted of fraud
American people of Danish descent
American people of French-Canadian descent
American women chief executives
American women company founders
Confidence tricksters
Businesspeople from Houston
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Former billionaires
People convicted for health fraud
Living people
St. John's School (Texas) alumni
Stanford University alumni
Theranos people
Women inventors


title: Donou Kokou

text:
Niasidji Donou Kokou (born 24 April 1991) is a Togolese footballer who currently plays for Enugu Rangers as a defender or midfielder.

International career
Kokou played his first international game with the senior national team on 15 November 2011 against Guinea-Bissau (1–0), where he was part of the starting squad and played the entire match.

International goals
Scores and results list Togo's goal tally first.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Togolese men's footballers
Rangers International F.C. players
Togolese expatriate men's footballers
Togolese expatriate sportspeople in Nigeria
Expatriate men's footballers in Nigeria
Togo men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
21st-century Togolese people


title: Keiichi Kimura (swimmer)

text:
is a Japanese Paralympic swimmer competing mainly in category S11 events. He has competed at two Summer Paralympics, representing Japan at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics.

References

Paralympic swimmers for Japan
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Japan
Paralympic silver medalists for Japan
Paralympic bronze medalists for Japan
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Japanese male backstroke swimmers
Japanese male breaststroke swimmers
Japanese male butterfly swimmers
Japanese male freestyle swimmers
Japanese male medley swimmers
Living people
1990 births
S11-classified para swimmers
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Para Games
Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games
21st-century Japanese people


title: Fisihasion Ghebreyesus

text:
Fisihasion Ghebreyesus (born 27 February 1941) is an Ethiopian former cyclist. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Ethiopian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Ethiopia
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Asmara
20th-century Ethiopian people


title: Mannington Drillers

text:
The Mannington Drillers were a minor league baseball team that represented Mannington, West Virginia in the Class D West Virginia League. The team placed second in the league standings but existed for only the 1910 season and was Mannington's only professional baseball team to date. The team is also listed as just Mannington in several sources.

Year-by-year record

References
Baseball Reference - Mannington, West Virginia

Baseball teams established in 1910
Defunct minor league baseball teams
West Virginia League teams
1910 establishments in West Virginia
1910 disestablishments in West Virginia
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1910
Professional baseball teams in West Virginia
Marion County, West Virginia
Defunct baseball teams in West Virginia
Baseball teams disestablished in 1910


title: Phillip Stillman

text:
Phillip Tracy "P.T." Stillman (August 13, 1873 – October 16, 1939) was an American football player and insurance executive.  He played for the undefeated 1894 Yale Bulldogs football team and was selected as the consensus first-team center on the 1894 College Football All-America Team.  He later became president of F. W. Stillman Company, an insurance brokerage company founded by his father.

Early years
Stillman was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1873.  He grew up in Elizabeth, New Jersey.  His parents, Franklin W. and Olive Stillman, were both natives of New York.  His father was employed in the insurance business. Stillman ended preparatory school at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire.

Yale

Stillman enrolled at Yale College in approximately 1892 as a transfer student for his junior year.  He played for three years on the Yale Bulldogs football team.  He was the center on the 1894 Yale Bulldogs football team that compiled a 16–0 record and was retroactively named co-national champions by the Billingsley Report, Helms Athletic Foundation, National Championship Foundation, and Parke H. Davis.  At the end of the 1894 season, Stillman was a consensus choice as a first-team player on the 1894 College Football All-America Team. Caspar Whitney, published in Harper's Weekly magazine, and Leslie's Weekly by John D. Merrill.

Stillman graduated from Yale's Sheffield Scientific School in 1895, having studied mechanical engineering.  He was a member of St. Anthony Hall, Delta Phi, the Renaissance Club and the Dance Committee, and served as chairman of the supper committee.  He was also a member of the track and field team.  Reference to Stillman in the 1895 Yale senior class book refer to his heavy weight.  Noting that Stillman claimed to trace his ancestry to Sir Francis Drake, the class book notes: "If any of P.T.'s distinguished relatives ever manage to circumnavigate him in the same time that Sir Francis did the earth, they will find themselves equally famous."  Also appended to his biography in the class book was this quote: "Falstaff sweats to death, And lards the lean earth as he walks along."

Later years
After leaving Yale, Stillman was employed in the elevator business. He also served in the New York National Guard, holding the rank of captain in the 101st Cavalry.

From 1900 to 1920, Stillman lived with his parents in Elizabeth, New Jersey.  In 1900, he was employed as a shipping clerk. In 1910, he was working as an automobile salesman.  In 1912, he was in charge of the New York office of Corbin Motor Vehicle Corporation.  By 1917, he had entered the insurance business and was employed by his father's company, the F. W. Stillman Co., at 80 Maiden Lane in New York City.  In 1920, he was vice president of his father's company, and he later became president of the company after his father died.

In 1930, Stillman lived in Fairfield, Connecticut. He was married in October, 1934 to Helen Strong Piffard at Winter Park, Florida.  In 1935, he was living in Winter Park with his wife, though he maintained his principal home in his later years at Weston, Connecticut.

Stillman died in 1939 at the age of 66 at New York Hospital.

References

1873 births
1939 deaths
19th-century players of American football
American football centers
Stevens Tech Ducks football coaches
Yale Bulldogs football players
All-American college football players
Players of American football from Brooklyn
Players of American football from New York (state)
People from Weston, Connecticut
Yale College alumni


title: Dusisiren

text:
Dusisiren is an extinct genus of dugong related to the Steller's sea cow that lived in the North Pacific during the Neogene.

Paleobiology

Dusisiren is a sirenian exemplar of the evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium. It evolved from a mangrove-eating ancestor to adapt to cold climates in the North Pacific by developing the capability to feed on kelp beds out on the open coast. The incipient modifications to the cervicals suggest that it was capable of maneuvering and feeding in high-energy environments of surf-swept coasts with deep, cold water.

Species
There are four recognized species of Dusisiren:

Dusisiren jordani (Kellogg, 1925) (type)
Dusisiren reinharti Domning, 1978
Dusisiren dewana Takahashi, Domning, and Saito, 1986
Dusisiren takasatensis Kobayashi, Horikawa, & Miyazaki, 1995

See also
Evolution of sirenians

Related genus
Hydrodamalis

References

Miocene sirenians
Pliocene sirenians
Cenozoic mammals of Asia
Cenozoic mammals of North America
Prehistoric placental genera
Fossil taxa described in 1978


title: Pietro di Niccolò da Orvieto

text:
Pietro di Niccolò da Orvieto (1430–1484) was an Italian Renaissance painter.

Not much is known about Pietro di Niccolò da Orvieto's life except through his works. He was born, worked, and lived all his life in Northern Italy, and his style puts him in the Umbrian School. He primarily painted religious-themed works for local church commissions. He died in 1484. One of his works is part of the Fitzwilliam Museum collection.

References

1430 births
1484 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters


title: Pine Canyon Is Burning

text:
Pine Canyon is Burning, also known as Quail Lake, is a 1977 American drama film made for television, directed by Christian I. Nyby II and written by Robert A. Cinader. The film, about a widowed firefighter and two children in Pine Canyon, stars Kent McCord, Megan McCord, Shane Sinutko and Diana Muldaur. The 78 minute movie in a 90-minute slot aired on NBC on May 18, 1977.

Plot

Cast
Kent McCord as Capt. William Stone, patrol 99
Megan McCord as Margaret Stone
Shane Sinutko as Michael Stone
Diana Muldaur as Sandra
Andrew Duggan as Capt. Ed Wilson
Richard Bakalyan as Charlie Edison
Brit Lind as Anne Walker
Curtis Credel as Whitey Olson
Sandy McPeak as Pete Madison
Larry Delaney as Captain #78
Joan Roberts as Woman

References

External links

1977 television films
1977 films
1977 drama films
Films about firefighting
NBC television specials
Films scored by Lee Holdridge
American drama television films
Films directed by Christian I. Nyby II
1970s American films


title: Deng Chueng-hwai

text:
Deng Chueng-hwai (born 18 November 1940) is a former Taiwanese cyclist. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1940 births
Living people
Taiwanese male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Taiwan
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
People from Hsinchu


title: American Legion Memorial Park

text:
American Legion Memorial Park (also known as Legion Park) is a  park in Everett, Snohomish County, Washington. It is located at 145 Alverson Boulevard, on the north side of Everett, overlooking Port Gardner. The park has tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground, and a picnic area.

The park's northwestern scenic viewpoint was renamed Hibulb Lookout in 2014, in honor of a former Snohomish village sited nearby.

Evergreen Arboretum and Gardens

The Evergreen Arboretum and Gardens () is an arboretum located at the west end of Legion Park. Gardens include sculpture and vistas of Possession Sound, as well as:

 Conifer garden – includes Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Pfitzeriana Aurea, Picea glauca, and Strobus 'Nana.
 Dahlia garden – a variety of dahlias.
 Japanese Maple grove – 17 varieties of maples, with ferns and hydrangeas.
 Perennial border – includes artichoke (Cynara scolymus), Japanese forest grass (Hakonechloa macra), giant hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), dwarf waterlily (Nymphaea), and New Zealand flax (Phormium cookianum).
 Small Urban Tree Walk
 White border – flowers and foliage in white, silver, and blue.
 Woodland garden – grotto with Knadhill and Exbury azaleas, lace-cap hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla), and Pieris japonica.

The arboretum opened on April 11, 1963, with the planting of its first tree at the  site. It has since grown to include ten themed gardens that are maintained by donated time and funds from volunteers.

References

Parks in Everett, Washington
Western Washington University


title: Nolan Mbemba

text:
Nolan Mbemba (born 19 February 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Le Havre. Born in France, he represents Republic of the Congo internationally.

Club career
Mbemba is a youth exponent from Lille OSC. During the 2014–15 season, he joined Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz on a loan deal. He made his top division debut on 15 August 2014 against Standard Liège in a 5–2 home win. On 21 November 2015, he made his debut with Lille's first team on an away draw against Troyes AC.

In May 2016 Mbemba moved to Portugal, signing for Vitória Guimarães.

Mbemba helped Stade de Reims win the 2017–18 Ligue 2, helping promote them to the Ligue 1 for the 2018–19 season.

International career
Mbemba was born in France and is of Republic of the Congo, and Democratic Republic of the Congo descent. He was called up to the DR Congo national under-20 football team for a friendly against France U20s in 2015.

He later switched his international allegiance to the Republic of the Congo. He made his debut for the Congo national football team on 2 September 2021 in a World Cup qualifier against Namibia, a 1–1 away draw. He started and played a full game.

Honours
Reims
 Ligue 2: 2017–18

References

External links

Living people
1995 births
Footballers from Amiens
Men's association football midfielders
Republic of the Congo men's footballers
Republic of the Congo men's international footballers
French men's footballers
Republic of the Congo people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
French sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
French sportspeople of Republic of the Congo descent
Black French sportspeople
Royal Excel Mouscron players
Vitória S.C. B players
Stade de Reims players
Le Havre AC players
Belgian Pro League players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
French expatriate men's footballers
Republic of the Congo expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Portugal


title: List of Montana State Bobcats in the NFL Draft

text:
This is a list of Montana State Bobcats football players in the NFL Draft.

Key

Selections

References

External links

Montana State

Montana State Bobcats NFL Draft


title: Jean Gorin

text:
Albert Jean Gorin (2 December 1899 – 29 March 1981) was a French neoplastic painter and constructive sculptor.
He was a disciple of Piet Mondrian, and remained true to the concept of rigid geometricism and use of primary colors, but pushed the limits of neoplasticism by introducing circles and diagonals.
He was known for his three-dimensional reliefs.

Early years

Albert Jean Gorin was born on 2 December 1899 in Saint-Émilien-de-Blain, Loire-Atlantique.
His father made shoes and his mother managed a small hotel with a restaurant.
He attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Nantes in 1914–16.
After the end of World War I (1914–18) he studied at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris from 1919–22.
He was influenced by Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne and the Expressionists.

Gorin was unable to obtain a job teaching drawing.
He settled in Nort-sur-Erdre, near Nantes and began painting, while working to earn a living.
In 1923 he discovered cubism, and was strongly influenced by the book Du Cubisme (1921) by Albert Gleizes.
For a period he painted in cubist style. In 1925 he made his first abstract painting.
As an extension of Cubist aesthetics he became interested in furniture design and avant-garde architecture.
In 1925 Gorin visited the International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts in Paris where the Pavillon de L’Esprit Nouveau showed work by Amédée Ozenfant and Le Corbusier.
For a short period he experimented with Purism.

Neoplasticism

In 1926 Gorin saw for the first time one of Piet Mondrian's neoplastic compositions, and one of Theo van Doesburg's elementarist compositions.
He read the pamphlet L’Art et son avenir by Georges Vantongerloo.
This led to correspondence with Mondrian and Vantongerloo, and then a meeting with Mondrian the same year, the start of a long friendship.
Gorin also met Michel Seuphor, an art critic.
Around this time Gorin began painting in the neoplastic style.
Gorin's oil on cardboard Composition no. 10 (1926) is an early example of his neoplastic style. It is diamond-shaped, reflecting the influence of Mondrian, and the very thick lines are similar to van Doesburg's work.
Gorin exhibited for the first time in April 1928 at Lille with the "S.T.U.C.A.".
Others at this show included Mondrian and César Domela.

In 1930 Gorin participated in the first exhibition of Seuphor's recently founded the Cercle et Carré group.
At the opening of the exhibition he met Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Wassily Kandinsky, Otto Freundlich, Joaquín Torres García and Vantongerloo.
Mondrian apparently considered that reliefs were a natural step in the evolution of painting towards architecture.
He encouraged Gorin to make reliefs.
Gorin began to explore neoplastic architecture and decoration.
He created his first neoplastic relief in 1930, and created three-dimensional work for the remainder of the inter-war period.
Mondrian praised Gorin's relief work highly, saying it went "further" than he himself had taken painting.

In 1931 Gorin was one of the founders of the 1940 association of artists.
He exhibited there with Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg.
He also participated in the new Abstraction-Création group of painters.
In 1932 he went to the Soviet Union to study art and architecture.
On the way he met Naum Gabo in Berlin.
Later he met constructivist architects Moisei Ginzburg and Konstantin Melnikov.
The work of the Russian constructivist Kazimir Malevich was to have a major influence on his work, if secondary to that of Mondrian.
In 1934 Gorin joined the Association Abstraction-Création.
In 1936 Gorin helped edit the last issue of the Abstraction-Création—Art Non-Figuratif almanac, for a membership of almost four hundred.
In 1937 he sold his house in Nort-sur-Erdre and destroyed much of his work, then moved to Le Vésinet.
During World War II (1939–45) Gorin was conscripted into the army.
He became a prisoner of war in 1942.

After being released, in 1944 Gorin resumed painting.
He also began creating reliefs using planes set in space, and continued to study architecture.
He settled in Grasse for a while, where he had a shop in which he sold objects d’art and decoration.
In 1946 Gorin, Auguste Herbin and Albert Gleizes launched the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, the first of a series of annual exhibitions devoted to "abstract/concrete/constructivist/non-figurative art."
Gorin participated in many other exhibitions of abstract art in Europe and the United States.
Gorin often moved in the years that followed. He would make and photograph sculptures, then destroy them since he did not have space to keep them. He did not gain full recognition until major retrospectives were held between 1965 and 1973 in Nantes, Amsterdam, Paris, Grenoble and Saint Etienne.

Gorin drew up plans for a house which was built in the St. Pezenne district of Niort in 1967-68.
The "white cube" is inconspicuous, but is essentially a neoplastic work, with interlocking geometric shapes.
However, planning restrictions prevented him painting it in primary colors.
The house is small, with a main room, bedroom and kitchen, and a bathroom that can only be accessed from the outside.
Gorin and his wife were naturists, and ate only vegetables from his garden.
Although he made the house his base for the rest of his life, he also stayed in a house he owned in Meudon, and traveled extensively.

Jean Gorin died on 29 March 1981 in Niort, Deux-Sèvres.
His wife, Susan Gorin, died in 1995 and his property at Niort was put up for sale.
Surprisingly, no effort was made to protect the house, the only one of his architectural projects to be realized.

Work

Style
Gorin was the greatest French disciple of Mondrian, but pushed the principles of neoplasticism further than others by using reliefs, which developed into wall sculptures.
He always used the primary colors of bright red, light yellow and ultramarine blue on white and black backgrounds.
His polychrome sculptures were very unusual for the time.
He broke from Mondrian's rule of allowing only horizontal and vertical lines.
While remaining true to neoplasticist geometric rigor, he introduced circles and diagonals.
The angles may be unexpected, far from 45°.
Between 1958 and 1962 Gorin was absorbed in painting the contrast between the circle and the linear network.
After that he returned to relief. His works were now truly three-dimensional, designed to retain harmony while viewed from different angles rather than as compositions seen only from the front.

An example of later work is his Construction spatiale verticale n°101. It was made between 1968 and 1971 and is held in the French National Museum of Modern Art. A copy was made in 1983 under the direction of Serge Lemoine and is held by the University of Burgundy. The monumental sculpture is  high and  wide, made of carefully balanced geometric shapes of steel and aluminum painted in primary colors.
Some of Gorin's works may be seen in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Nantes and the Pompidou Centre in Paris.
The Museum of Grenoble holds several hundred of his works.

Exhibitions
Exhibitions included:
1928, Lille: Neoplastic work with the STUCA group
1929–*1930: Exhibition with the Cercle et Carré group created by Michel Seuphor and Torrès-Garcia.
1930, Nantes: with the L’Etrave artistic group
1931, Paris: Display of his first relief in an exhibition of Groupe *1940
1945, Paris: Exposition Art concret, Galerie René Drouin.
1946: Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, of which he was secretary
1948, New York: Exposition of abstract constructive art
1957, Paris: 50 years of abstract paintings organized by the Creuze gallery. First one-man show at the Galerie Colette Allendy
1958, Saint-Étienne: The first generations of abstract art
1960, Liège: Musée de l’Art Wallon
1965, Nantes: Retrospective at the Musée des Beaux-Arts
1966, Chicago: Exposition at the Kazimir Gallery
1967, Amsterdam: Retrospective at the Stedelijk Museum
1969, Paris: Retrospective at the Centre national d’art contemporain
1974, Paris: Exhibition at the Galerie Denise René
1977, Nantes: Retrospective at the Musée des Beaux-Arts
1977, Paris: Centre Pompidou
1999, Blain: Hommage du mouvement Madi à Gorin, Château de la Groulais
1999, Grenoble: Exposition Jean Gorin

Writings
His writings included
Mondrian, De Stijl and their Impact, Marlborough Gallery in New York (1964)

References

Sources

External links

1899 births
1981 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
Abstract painters
People from Loire-Atlantique
French abstract artists


title: Making the Move

text:
Making the Move is a 2014 play written by American playwright Noah Altshuler.  Altshuler's first published work, the play premièred at the 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

Synopsis
The play focuses on Connor and Hannah, two teenagers who brainstorm with their best friends, Stan and Charlotte, ways to seduce the other on a first date.  The play is a comedic exploration of the complicated world of teenage friendships, love, and friend zones.

The one-act play is set on a single sofa and parallel dialogs to set up a first date and a first kiss.  Using three dialogs (one dialog occurring during the date, and one between the boyfriend and his best friend, and one dialog with the girlfriend and her best friend), the play progresses from planning to the actual date.

Characters
Connor: A teenage boy strategizing how to land the first kiss during his first date with Hannah
Hannah: A teenage girl contemplating her own moves in case Connor doesn't kiss her on the date with Conner
Stan: Connor’s best friend and provider of advice to Connor
Charlotte: Hannah’s best friend and provider of advice to Hannah

Production history
Making the Move premiered at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe on August 6, 2014. Playwright Noah Altshuler was only 16 when he wrote the script and, at 17 during the 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, was the youngest playwright in the festival.  The play received 4 stars (out of 5) from Edinburgh Guide which wrote that the play provided the "magic of finding a little gem off the mainstream that feels like the Fringe at its truest – fresh and experimental, rather than already commercially viable."  Critically, it was deemed an "adorable little show" and a "surprisingly amusing snapshot into the teenage psyche."

Making the Move premiered in the US at Florence High School in November 2014  and over 50 high schools in 20 states have licensed the play for production during the 2014-2015 academic year.

Productions during the 2014-2015 year include:

Florence High School (Mississippi), Florence, MS
Norcross High School, Norcross, GA
 John A. Ferguson High School, Miami, FL
 Eau Claire High School, Columbia, SC
 Canfield High School, Canfield, OH
 Armada High School, Armada, MI
 Romeo High School, Romeo, MI
 Apex High School, Apex, NC
 Nathan Hale High School (Wisconsin), West Allis, WI
 General William Mitchell High School (Colorado), Colorado Springs, CO
 Mission Viejo High School, Mission Viejo, CA
 Katella High School, Anaheim, CA
 Golden Valley High School, Bakersfield, CA
 Merced  & Golden Valley High Schools, Merced, CA
 Johansen High School, Modesto, CA
 Cascade High School, Turner, OR
 Olympia High School, Olympia, WA
 Clarksburg High School, Clarksburg, MD

Use in drama contests
Making the Move has been used in state and regional drama contests.  In December 2014, Gulfport High School performed Making the Move at the South Mississippi High School Drama Festival at the University of Southern Mississippi. Two of the actors were named to the All-star cast.  The play is being performed in spring 2015 state contests in four states.

Edinburgh 2015
Noah Altshuler wrote a follow up to Making the Move, "Last Call for Providence," that premiered at the 2015 Edinburgh Festival Fringe at Just the Tonic.  The production team is based in London.

References

External links

Edinburgh Festival Fringe
http://edinburghfestival.list.co.uk/event/426676-making-the-move/

Edinburgh Festival

One-act plays
2014 plays


title: Mary Cloyd Burnley Stifler

text:
Mary Cloyd Burnley Stifler (7 November 1876 – August 1956) was a 20th century botanist with a specialization in mycology.

Early life and education
Born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania in 1876 to Charles W. and Sallie H. (Updegraff) Burnley, Cloyd Burnley was raised in Willamsport along with her sister, Lucy Burnley. Cloyd Burnley's sister married Rev. James Madison Stifler, Jr, in 1900. Lucy died in 1903, leaving behind two children: James Madison Stifler III and Francis M. Stifler.

Cloyd Burnley attended Williamsport Dickinson Seminary (now Lycoming College).   She graduated from Goucher College in 1897.   She continued as a graduate student at her alma mater before moving to Vassar College as an assistant. She completed her Master's degree in chemistry at the Women's College of Baltimore in 1899 while continuing to teach chemistry at Vassar. In 1908 she returned to Bryn Mawr as a research fellow and stayed until 1909. She co-authored two publications with fellow Bryn Mawr professor EP Kohler before he moved to Harvard University in 1910. While no record of Cloyd Burnley obtaining a doctorate exists, the State Microscopical Society of Illinois announced "Mrs. C.B. Stifler, Ph.D., will speak on little known "Flowerless Plants." Cloyd Burnley's work in mycology comes mostly from her time as a resident of Evanston, Illinois, when her husband held an appointment at the University of Chicago from 1931 to 1940, although a lack of records makes her position at the institution unclear. She served as the President of the Chicago Chapter of the Goucher College Alumnae Association.

Career
Though a chemist by training, Cloyd Burnley's interests and greatest impact were in the burgeoning field of mycology. Cloyd Burnley was the first to describe the Tuberaceae genus, a fungal genus containing truffles.

In 1944, Cloyd Burnley gave a "rare and extensive collection" of fungal specimens to her alma mater, Goucher College. According to the Evening Sun, Cloyd Burnley's "special hobby is the collection, identification and study of the habits of representatives of fungi. In certain groups of the series Mrs. Stifler has become a recognized authority." Over 90 different fungal families were a part of the collection donated to the college. Her samples were intended for use in teaching students about mycorrhiza.

Over 2,600 specimens attributed to Cloyd Burnley Stifler are housed at 13 different academic institutions. Her samples come from locations in Illinois as well as Florida, where she and her husband retired in the 1940s. She collected, described, and illustrated not just fungi but slime molds and mosses as well.

Scientific publications

 Stifler, Cloyd Burnley (1950)  The use of the microscope in the study of mosses.  Micro-Notes V (1):  22-28.
 Stifler, Cloyd Burnley (1949)  Myxomycetes, Mycetozoa, or Slime Molds . Micro-Notes IV (3):  52-65.
 Stifler, Cloyd Burnley (1941)  A new genus of Hypocreales.  Mycologica 33(1):  82-86.
 Stifler, Cloyd Burnley (1937)  A new species of Tuberaceae for America.  Mycologica 29(3):  325-326.
 Kohler, E. P. and M. Cloyd Burnley (1910)  Reaction between unsaturated compounds and organic magnesium compounds.  XIII. Derivatives of cyclohexane.  American Chemical Journal  43(5):  412-417.
 Kohler, E. P., G. L. Heritage, M. C. Burnley (1910)  The Friedel and Crafts reaction with chlorides of unsaturated acids. American Chemical Journal 44(1):  60-75.

Personal life
Cloyd Burnley married her sister's widower in 1909. Together, the couple had two children: Lucy and Cloyd. Cloyd Burnley's husband, a graduate of Crozer Theological Seminary in Upland, Pennsylvania, was the Senior Minister at the First Baptist Church in Evanston, Illinois from 1909 - 1931. The couple moved to Florida in 1942, where her husband died in 1949. Cloyd Burnley died in 1956 at age 79 in Bradenton, Florida.

External links
 The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Herbarium. http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/Collectors/Stifler_MCB.htm
North Carolina Botanical Garden. https://ncbg.unc.edu/2020/10/22/mary-cloyd-burnley-stifler/

References

1876 births
American mycologists
People from Williamsport, Pennsylvania
1956 deaths


title: Dispatch (sternwheeler)

text:
Dispatch was a sternwheel steamboat that was operated on the Coquille River on the southern Oregon coast from 1903 to 1920.  The name of this vessel is sometimes seen spelled Despatch. This sternwheeler should not be confused with an earlier and somewhat smaller sternwheeler, also named Dispatch, that was built at Bandon, Oregon, in 1890, for which the 1903 Dispatch was a replacement.

Construction
Dispatch was built in 1903 at Parkersburg, Oregon by Charles Trigg.  Dispatch was  long, with a beam of  and depth of hold of .  The overall size of the vessel was 250 gross and 167 net tons.  The official registry number was 200081 and the required number of crew was five.

Dispatch was reported to have cost $18,000 to construct and was said to have been "one of the finest river steamers ever built in this part of Oregon".

Owners
For twenty-four years (1903 to 1927), Dispatch operated on the route on the Coquille River from Bandon to Coquille City.  During this time, Dispatch was owned by the Coquille River Steamboat Company, the Farmers Transportation Company, and the Coquille River Transportation Company.

On July 18, 1907, it was announced that the five steamers then operating on the Coquille River were to come under new management.  A new corporation was to be formed with a capital stock of $50,000.  C.J. McLean and H.G. Stratton, of Portland, and F.A. Smith, of St. Johns, were among those interested in the corporation. Liberty and Dispatch were to have new boilers, and Antelope would be overhauled.

On July 17, 1914, Dispatch was owned by the Coquille River Transportation Company.  On that date, Dispatch was advertised as departing Bandon daily at 7:00 a.m.

Operations

In 1903, Dispatch became one of a number of steamboats competing for freight and, especially, passenger business on the Coquille River.   Three boats, Dispatch, Liberty, and Reta were then leaving Bandon each morning. Favorite left Coquille City in the morning for Bandon and returned to Coquille City in the evening.  It was anticipated that Antelope, once fishing season ended, would be put on the Bandon-Coquille City run, making a total of five steamers daily operating on the route.  Reta carried the mail so as to allow Dispatch to make better time.

As of March 17, 1904, Dispatch, under Captain Thomas White, departed Bandon every morning except Sunday at 7:30 a.m., bound for Coquille City.  Passengers could make connections at Coquille City at 10:30 a.m., either with the train or with the steamer Myrl.  Dispatch then left Coquille City at 12:30 p.m., returning to Bandon at 4:30 p.m.  This same schedule was still in effect on May 18, 1905.

With the fall harvest in 1904, the owners of the steamers decided to take advantage of the need for fodder in the towns along the river.  On September 1, 1904, Dispatch, and the steamers Liberty and Favorite offered to deliver baled hay (grass and clover) to Bandon or Coquille City at a price of $11 per ton.

In October 1908, Dispatch, under F.D. White, master, departed Bandon daily at 7:00 a.m. arrived at Coquille City at 9:30 a.m., then departed Coquille City at 1:00 p.m. and returned to Bandon at 3:30 p.m.  Dispatch advertised "all kinds of steamboat work done at reasonable prices."

Large numbers of people were sometimes transported on the small steamers on the Coquille River.  For one baseball game at Bandon, Dispatch came downriver from Coquille with about 400 people aboard, and Telegraph arrived with 150 more.

Vessels like Dispatch typically did not run regular schedules on Sundays.  They were however available for Sunday excursion trips, which were a popular means of recreation in those times.  In one example, on Sunday, June 23, 1907, Dispatch, along with two other steamers owned by the Coquille River Steamboat company, Liberty and Favorite, were chartered for an excursion to Bandon.  This excursion, which was billed as "the finest observation train excursion ever seen on the Pacific Coast", was organized by the Coos Bay, Roseburg and Eastern Railway, would be run on the rail line's tracks south from Marshfield to Coquille City, where transfer would be made to the steamers for the water portion of the excursion downriver to Bandon.

Groundings and accidents

On Friday, January 15, 1904, Dispatch, then owned by the Coquille River Steamboat Company, ran into a snag which tore a hole in the bow.  A hard wind was blowing on the steamer's high superstructure, which made the vessel unmanageable.  The only course of action was to beach the vessel.

After Dispatch was beached, the tide went out, causing the steamer to settle, breaking the hog chains, an important structural component, which could cause severe damage to the boat.  The initial report was that Dispatch hull had split in two, with the damage so great that the cost of repair would exceed the value of the vessel.  However, a later report,  indicated that Dispatch was quickly running again, with "the report of the accident having been much exaggerated."

On October 26, 1904, Dispatch was unloading a cargo of 2,000 cases of canned salmon at Cedar Point, Oregon.  These goods were to be shipped by train to Marshfield and thereafter, likely by steamer, to Portland.  A tram car was being used to aid in the unloading.  The cable for the tram car became unhooked and its load of salmon cases fell into the river.  Some of the goods were recovered, but it was necessary to relabel the cans.

On Monday, November 29, 1909, Dispatch was operating near the town of Bandon with a large number of passengers on board, when, in turning around, the vessel was caught by the fast current of the river and carried downriver into the jetty.  One of the railings on the Dispatch was broken, and the Bandon life-saving crew had to take off the passengers.  Sea conditions on the Coquille River bar were very rough. One witness thought that had the Dispatch not been caught on the jetty, it would likely have been washed out to sea and swamped.

On the morning of April 27, 1910, a small fire was discovered in the hold of Dispatch while the steamer was en route from Bandon to Coquille City.  The fire had not progressed far, and was extinguished with the only damage being to a few life preservers.

On the early morning of Saturday, November 29, 1913, Dispatch was blown ashore on the Timmons mud flats just upriver from Moore's mill.  The Coquille River life-saving crew and the tug Klyhyam went to the assistance of Dispatch.  They took off the passengers and the vessel was refloated at the next high tide.

Thieves and pilferage
Dispatch had a barber shop concession on board, which also sold tobacco.  On July 21, 1904, it was reported that the previous Friday night, thieves had broken into the on-board barber shop, by breaking the latch between the shop room and the forward cabin, and taking $18 worth of cigars.  The next Sunday night a quantity of tobacco was reported to have been removed from a package.

Freight pilferage was also a problem.  On the next to the last trip prior to July 21, 1904, so much freight was stolen off Dispatch that the loss to the company exceeded the amount received for delivering the freight.  A local newspaper expressed dismay that these incidents were becoming more frequent, adding that "Salem [the location of the state penitentiary] has a proper retreat for such characters, and they should be forced to emigrate there and be properly attired."

Mechanical problems

Dispatch was out of service from the fall of 1907 to the spring of 1908 because of mechanical problems.  On October 17, 1907, it was reported that Dispatch had been out of service "for some time" waiting for new boilers to arrive from San Francisco.  The old boilers had been condemned by the steamboat inspectors.  Dispatch had been kept at a dock pending delivery of the boilers, but the week before the October 17 report, it had been necessary to tow the boat upriver to free up the wharf space for active vessels.

On March 28, 1908, it was reported that the new boiler had been placed into Dispatch, and the connections were in the process of being made.  The boat was being repainted in white trimmed with red.  The new boiler was larger than the old one, and was expected to drive the vessel at a greater speed.  The boat was expected to be back in operation by April 1, 1908, or a few days later.

By May 10, 1908, Dispatch was back in service, being scheduled that day to pick up a train-load of excursionists from Marshfield at Cedar Point, transport them to Bandon, arriving at 10:45 a.m., and then depart Bandon at 5:00 to return to Cedar Point to catch the train back to Marshfield.

Late in the afternoon of Saturday November 7, 1908, near Prosper, Oregon, a shaft pin, which connected the sternwheel's driving arm to the wheel itself, broke while Dispatch was underway, causing severe damage, estimated at $1,000, before the machinery could be halted. No one was injured, which was reported to have been "almost miraculous."  It was initially estimated that it would take at least six weeks to repair the damage.  The sternwheel steamer Liberty was called on to take over Dispatchs run on the Coquille River, which resulted in a delay of Liberty then-scheduled transfer to Coos Bay service.

Fire at shingle mill
On the afternoon of the Wednesday before June 13, 1916, at about 4:00 pm, fire broke out in the boiler room of the Kruse shingle mill, on the river near Prosper.  Dispatch had just left the dock at Prosper when the fire was observed.  The boat came alongside the mill and fought the fire with the on-board fire fighting equipment.  Although there was some damage from the fire, the prompt intervention of Dispatch prevented the fire from spreading throughout the mill.

Collision with Telegraph
On January 22, 1917, near Prosper, the sternwheeler Telegraph, under the command of Capt. Allan R. Panter, collided with Dispatch.  Capt. Thomas O. White, of Dispatch, attributed the collision to "'pure cussedness'", apparently on the part of Captain Panter.  As a result of this collision the license of Captain Panter was suspended for thirty days.  About a year previously, Captain Panter's license had been suspended for 18 months, but the suspension time had been reduced following Panter's appeal.  There had been a number of similar incidents on the river, and rivalry between the competing steamboat lines was thought to be the principal reason for the Coquille River cases being investigated by the steamboat inspectors.

Loss of a crewman
On March 22, 1920, the drowning of a Dispatch crewman was reported. D.A. Davis, age 19, fell off the boat while milk was being loaded at the Walstrom wharf.  No one saw him fall into the water, and he was not noticed missing until someone saw him disappear below the water's surface, 100 feet away from the boat, having been washed there by the tide.

Transfer to Coos Bay
After 1920, Dispatch was transferred to Coos Bay and operated out of Marshfield under the name John Wildi.

Modern cultural depiction
Murals showing Dispatch, Coquille and other Coquille River steamboats were painted on the exterior walls of the Coquille City Hall in 1997.

See also
Steamboats of the Coquille River

Notes

References
 Historic Oregon Newspapers
 Newell, Gordon R. ed., H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest,  Superior Publishing, Seattle WA (1966)

1903 ships
Coos County, Oregon
Steamboats of Oregon
Ships built in Oregon


title: GMS Racing

text:
GMS Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, fielding three Chevrolet Silverado trucks: the No. 23 for Grant Enfinger, the No. 24 for Rajah Caruth, and the No. 43 for Daniel Dye.

GMS Racing previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2016 to 2019 and the ARCA Menards Series from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2019 to 2022. The team's driver development program, Drivers Edge Development, is operated in conjunction with JR Motorsports.

Owner Maurice J. Gallagher Jr. is the chairman and CEO of the Allegiant Travel Company, which intermittently sponsors the team through its Allegiant Air brand.

On August 23, 2023, the team announced it would be ceasing operations at the end of the 2023 racing season, along with GMS Fabrication which is a separate entity affiliated with the team.

History
Before the formation of his team, Maurice Gallagher was previously involved in NASCAR with local Las Vegas driver and friend Spencer Clark's team when it competed in the NASCAR Busch East Series and Busch Series until Clark's unexpected death in 2006.

GMS Racing, then known as Gallagher Motorsports, was formed in 2011 when they entered ARCA competition. They then expanded their operations into the Camping World Truck Series in 2013, and then to the Xfinity Series in 2016. The team was initially based in Charlotte, North Carolina, in the former BAM Racing shop. The team later moved to another shop, and BK Racing moved into their old shop.

For the 2014 season, the team acquired the assets of Richard Childress Racing's truck series program, and entered a technical alliance with the organization. In 2015, former crew chief Mike Beam became competition director, while RCR and manufacturer Chevrolet increased their technical support. In addition, the team relocated from Charlotte to Statesville, North Carolina near the Statesville Regional Airport. This was the former facility of Evernham Motorsports and later Richard Petty Motorsports, which had been unoccupied since 2010. GMS also began using the number font formerly used by Braun Racing and Turner Scott Motorsports. As of 2016, the No. 21 team in the Xfinity Series uses the same number font as Wood Brothers Racing, alternating with the number style of the rest of the team. In early 2017, the team formed an alliance with Halmar Friesen Racing. This alliance was expanded in August of that year.

In early 2019, it was announced that GMS Racing had started a Chevrolet development program, Drivers Edge Development, with JR Motorsports. Drivers in the program would race in GMS Racing's NASCAR K&N Pro Series, ARCA Menards Series, and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series teams, as well as JR Motorpsorts's Late Model and NASCAR Xfinity Series teams. They would be mentored by Mardy Lindley (GMS crew chief) and Josh Berry (JR Motorsports Late Model driver).  GMS Racing drivers John Hunter Nemechek, Sheldon Creed, and Sam Mayer were among the inaugural members of the program.

On December 1, 2021, Gallagher purchased a majority interest in the former Richard Petty Motorsports for 19 million. The deal included both of RPM's charters; the No. 43 continued to operate with its charter while the second charter - which was leased to Rick Ware Racing for the No. 51 from 2019 to 2021 - was transferred to a second car for the team, the No. 42. Following the purchase, the team was renamed to Petty GMS Motorsports. However, GMS continued to operate independent of Petty GMS and Richard Petty did not buy into GMS' Truck and ARCA teams. In 2023, Petty GMS Motorsports was rebranded to Legacy Motor Club after seven-time Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson purchased a stake in the team.

On August 23, 2023, GMS Racing announced the team and GMS Fabrication will cease their operations at the conclusion of the 2023 season. Gallagher, with Johnson, will focus on the development of Legacy Motor Club in the Cup Series.

Xfinity Series

Car No. 21 history
Part-time (2016)
On February 4, 2016, GMS announced that they would field a part-time Chevrolet Camaro for Spencer Gallagher for 13 races starting at Phoenix. The car number would be 21. Gallagher finished 23rd in that race. Gallagher ran a total of seven races in the No. 21 car in 2016, with a best finish of eighth in the Daytona July race.

Car No. 21 results

Car No. 23 history
Spencer Gallagher (2017–2018)

On December 1, 2016, GMS announced that they will field a full-time No. 23 (The 21 was occupied by Richard Childress Racing driver Daniel Hemric) Chevrolet Camaro for Spencer Gallagher. Gallagher had a disappointing rookie season, with just only one top 10 at Richmond and eight DNF's in the 2017 season.  The organization scored its first NXS victory with Gallagher in spring 2018 at  Talladega Superspeedway. On May 2, 2018, four days after his first win, NASCAR announced that Gallagher was suspended indefinitely for a substance-abuse violation.  Johnny Sauter was announced as a substitute driver. Brennan Poole tested the car at Charlotte, leading some to believe that he would drive in the Charlotte race later that month. However, it was later announced that Cup Series driver Chase Elliott would be in the car for that race, as well as the races at Pocono, Chicagoland, Daytona, and Bristol. Alex Bowman was later announced as the driver of the 23 at Michigan and Kentucky while Justin Haley drove the 23 at Iowa in his XFINITY Series debut. Casey Roderick made his return to the series driving the 23 at the July Iowa race and it was also announced later that night that A. J. Allmendinger would pilot the 23 at Watkins Glen the following weekend.

On August 4, 2018, GMS Racing announced that NASCAR Hall of Famer and 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion Bill Elliott will come out of retirement to drive the No. 23 at the Road America race on August 25.

John Hunter Nemechek (2019)
John Hunter Nemechek came over to the 23 car from Chip Ganassi Racing to run the full season in the No. 23 in 2019. Despite only leading 14 laps, Nemechek qualified for the Chase and performed well, finishing seventh in points, the best for GMS. After the season, he announced that he would be leaving to join Front Row Motorsports in the Cup Series, leaving the car open for 2020. Nemechek would total five top 5s and 19 top 10s in his one year at GMS.

Car No. 23 results

Car No. 24 history
Justin Haley (2018)
Although it was rumored for many months Brennan Poole and Brett Moffitt would drive the car full-time sharing the car in 2018, the car didn't return till later in the year renumbered to the No. 24. with Justin Haley driving the car in 2018 at Daytona in July and Watkins Glen in August. At the Daytona race, Haley was running third on the last lap off of turn 4 who then made an elevator move to pass both Kyle Larson and Elliott Sadler to cross the line first, though it was determined that Haley put two wheels below the line while passing both even though he had plenty of room to pass. They stripped Haley of the win to Kyle Larson and Haley was placed as the last car on the lead lap. Many thought this would be Haley's ride for 2019 but he moved on to Kaulig Racing instead.

Car No. 24 results

Car No. 96 history
Ben Kennedy (2017)
On April 17, 2017, it was announced that Ben Kennedy would pilot a new second Xfinity entry for GMS in twelve races, beginning with the May race at Charlotte Motor Speedway. Jeff Stankiewicz, who was Kennedy's crew chief for his 2016 Chase run in the trucks, was also crew chief for the No. 96. Brett Moffitt drove the 96 at the second Iowa race picking up an 11th-place finish. The No. 96 team has not run since Darlington Raceway and has withdrawn from some races after that with no sponsor listed.

Car No. 96 results

Closure
On November 21, 2019, GMS Racing announced the closure of their Xfinity Series program to focus on their Truck Series and ARCA Menards Series teams.

Craftsman Truck Series

Truck No. 2 history

Cody Coughlin (2018)
On January 16, 2018, it was announced that Cody Coughlin would drive the No. 2 JEGS Chevrolet for the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.
On September 24, 2018, Coughlin was released due to sponsorship issues. Spencer Gallagher drove the Talladega race where he finished 25th. Sheldon Creed was announced as the driver for the rest of the season.

Sheldon Creed (2018–2021)
Sheldon Creed took over the No. 2 truck full-time in 2019, after running the last four races in 2018. On July 22, 2019, GMS Racing announced that Jeff Stankiewicz would replace Doug Randolph as the crew chief of the No. 2. On August 6, 2019, NASCAR suspended Stankiewicz, truck chief Austin Pollak, and engineer Jonathan Stewart for three races through September 10 after the No. 2 truck was discovered to have a ballast container violation during post-race inspection at Eldora. Darren Fraley served as interim crew chief during Stankiewicz's suspension. Creed finished 11th in points with four top-5 finishes and 11 top-10 finishes.

Creed had a breakout season in 2020. He got his first win in a rain-shortened Buckle Up in Your Truck 225, and his first non-rain-shortened win in the BrakeBest Select 159 five weeks later. Creed eventually won the championship, with five wins, nine top-fives, and thirteen top tens.

Creed remained in the No. 2 for the 2021 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series.  At Darlington Raceway, crashes in the last stage eliminated the leaders and Creed took the lead on the final restart, preventing Rhodes from passing him as he won his first race of the season.  Creed entered the playoffs as the fifth seed and won the first two races at Gateway and Darlington. A crash at Las Vegas dropped Creed outside of the top four in points that would advance to the Championship Round. Although he finished ninth in the Round of 8's elimination race at Martinsville, he was four points short of making the final round. Creed moved to Richard Childress Racing No. 2 car in the Xfinity Series in 2022 and the 2 truck was shut down.

Truck No. 2 results

Truck No. 21 history

Spencer Gallagher (2013)
The 21 made 5 attempts in 2013 with Spencer Gallagher, qualifying for 3 races. Gallagher finished 22nd at Kansas, 20th at Texas, and 32nd at the season finale at Homestead.

Joey Coulter (2014)
In January 2014, it was announced that 23-year-old Joey Coulter would drive the 21 Silverado full-time for GMS after driving Toyotas in 2013 for Kyle Busch Motorsports and Joe Gibbs Racing. GMS also announced a technical alliance with RCR, the team Coulter drove for in 2011 and 2012 and won at Pocono. Jeff Stankiewicz was announced as the crew chief. Coulter earned three top 5s and ten top 10s to finish 7th in points.

Part-time (2015)
Due to a lack of sponsorship, Joey Coulter did not return to the driver's seat in 2015. Instead, he assumed the post of team relationships coordinator for the team. At Las Vegas in October, Brennan Poole made his series debut in the 21 Truck with sponsorship from DC Solar.

Johnny Sauter (2016–2018)
Johnny Sauter drove full-time in 2016 in the No. 21 Chevrolet Silverado with crew chief Marcus Richmond. Sauter won in his debut with GMS at Daytona. However, in the next 3 races, he finished 28th, 32nd, and 16th respectively. Sauter won at a fall Martinsville race to clinch a final four championship race at Homestead. In the next week, Sauter won at a fall Texas race, his third victory of the season. Sauter clinched his first career Truck Series championship at Homestead by virtue of his 3rd-place finish in the event.

Sauter returned to the team in 2017. After qualifying for the Championship 4 round in 2017 and 2018, but losing to Christopher Bell and Brett Moffitt in each year respectively, Sauter was released from the team due to lack of sponsorship, to make room for Brett Moffitt in 2019.

Part Time (2019)
It was later announced that Sam Mayer would drive the 21 on a part-time schedule towards the end of the 2019 season.

Zane Smith (2020–2021)
On November 19, 2019, it was announced that Zane Smith would drive a fourth full-time truck for the 2020 season, which was later revealed to be the No. 21. Smith had an outstanding rookie season with two wins, seven top fives, thirteen top tens, and second-place points finish.

Smith returned to the team in 2021. Smith made it to the championship 4 again after winning at Martinsville. He ended up 2nd in the standings again. Smith moved to Front Row Motorsports No. 38 truck in 2022 and the 21 truck was shut down.

Truck No. 21 results

Truck No. 23 history

Spencer Gallagher (2014–2016)
The No. 23 truck ran part-time in 2014, with Spencer Gallagher (9 races) and Max Gresham (5 races). The team struggled in their first three races, with crashes at Martinsville and Kansas with Gallagher and a transmission failure with Gresham at Charlotte. They bounced back with an 11th at Kentucky with Gresham and top 15's at Iowa, Pocono, and Michigan with Gallagher. Gallagher earned a career best finish of third at Talladega in October.

In a 2014 interview with NASCAR.com, Spencer Gallagher stated that he planned to run full-time in the Truck Series in 2015, presumably in the No. 23. The No. 23 truck was announced as a full-time team with Gallagher in January 2015. He then finished 10th in the points standings.

Gallagher returned for 2016 with new crew chief Jeff Hensley. He earned two poles, with one top-five and eight top-10s to finish 12th in points.

Part-time (2017–2018)
In 2017 the No. 23 truck returned to the track, now part-time, with Spencer Gallagher and Chase Elliott driving. At Martinsville Elliott got the first win for the No. 23 truck. The No. 23 team decided to shut down for the remainder of the season and sold their owner points to Norm Benning Racing.

A year later, the No. 23 team returned with Timothy Peters driving at Martinsville, getting a top 10.

Brett Moffitt (2020)
On December 13, 2019, it was announced that Brett Moffitt would be driving the No. 23 full-time in 2020 with Chad Norris as his crew chief. Although he had only one win, he advanced to the Championship 4. Moffitt was in the lead in the championship race at Phoenix Raceway, when a caution came out for Dawson Cram and he fell to 10th.

Chase Purdy (2021)
In 2021, Chase Purdy will drive the No. 23 full-time replacing Moffitt. On August 5, 2021, Purdy tested positive for COVID-19; as the result, A. J. Allmendinger Came in as the replacement.

Grant Enfinger (2022–2023)
On October 1, 2021, it was announced that Grant Enfinger would be driving the No. 23 truck full-time in 2022 and 2023.

Enfinger began the 2022 season with a 29th place finish at Daytona. He scored three top-fives and seven top-10 finishes to make the playoffs. During the playoffs, Enfinger scored his first win of the season at Indianapolis Raceway Park.

Enfinger started the 2023 season with a fifth place finish at Daytona. He scored wins at Kansas, Gateway and the Milwaukee Mile. Enfinger finished fourth at Homestead to make the Championship 4.

Truck No. 23 results

Truck No. 24 history

Part-time (2016)
In 2016, GMS Racing fielded the No. 24 for Kyle Larson at Martinsville, with sponsorship from McDonald's. Clint Bowyer drove the No. 24 at Kansas with sponsorship from Georgia Boot, finishing 5th in his first truck start since 2014. Ben Kennedy drove the truck at Dover as part of his multi-race stint with the team, with Kaz Grala in the No. 33. Grala then drove the truck at Iowa in June, starting fourth and finishing 29th. Grant Enfinger also ran several races. On October 22, Enfinger won the Fred's 250 at Talladega Superspeedway for his first career win. Shane Lee drove the No. 24 at Texas with sponsorship from LeeBoy at Texas where he finished 16th. Grala ran seven races in the No. 24 out of his nine Truck Series starts, with a best finish of seventh at New Hampshire. Haley returned to this truck at Texas.

Justin Haley (2017–2018)
In December 2016, GMS announced that K&N Pro Series East champion Justin Haley would drive the No. 24 truck full-time in 2017, skipping Daytona and Atlanta due to age restrictions. Scott Lagasse Jr drove the truck at Daytona, and Alex Bowman drove at Atlanta. Haley finished 12th in points, collecting 3 top fives and 12 top tens.

Haley won his first Truck Series race at Gateway in 2018, holding off Todd Gilliland and teammate Johnny Sauter, qualifying for the 2018 Camping World Truck Series Playoffs.

He won his way into the Round of 6 at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park, after Kyle Busch Motorsports teammates Noah Gragson and Todd Gilliland collided in the final corner. Haley then qualified for the Final 4 race with a win at Texas Motor Speedway, after Gilliland ran out of fuel on the final lap.

Brett Moffitt (2019)
On January 10, 2019, GMS Racing announced that 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series champion Brett Moffitt will be in the No. 24 team. Moffitt won his first race with GMS at Iowa after Ross Chastain was disqualified when his truck failed the post-race inspection. He then took an unsponsored truck to victory lane at Chicagoland. Moffitt scored the first playoff win at Bristol, as well as winning the week after at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park.

Multiple drivers (2020–2021)
On October 25, 2019, it was announced that the No. 24 truck would be driven by Sam Mayer for 5 races and on January 10, 2020, it was announced that Mayer would share the ride with World of Outlaws driver David Gravel, who would drive it for 6 races with Eldora being the only one confirmed at this time. Chase Elliott was also later announced to run races with the team, driving at Charlotte, Atlanta, and Homestead. Chase Purdy was scheduled to drive  the No. 24 at Pocono Raceway, Kentucky Speedway, both Kansas Speedway events, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, Talladega Superspeedway, and Texas Motor Speedway. Haley returned to the No. 24 truck at Texas. Kris Wright drove the truck at the Daytona International Speedway road course. Greg Biffle would make one-off start in the No. 24 at Darlington.

On January 7, 2021, it was announced that the No. 24 truck would be driven by Raphaël Lessard for the full season. On April 3, 2021, it was announced that Lessard will no longer run for GMS Racing due to a lack of sponsorship. Ryan Reed drove at Darlington, Jack Wood drove at Circuit of the Americas and Charlotte, and Chase Elliott returned to the team in Texas. On June 10, 2021, it was announced that Wood would pilot the 24 truck for the remainder of the 2021 season. Six-time Whelen Modified Tour champions Doug Coby made one-off start at Bristol.

Jack Wood (2021–2022)
After he drove the No. 24 truck for 12 races in 2021, it was announced that Jack Wood will drive the truck full-time in 2022.

Rajah Caruth (2023)
On December 6, 2022, GMS announced that Rajah Caruth would replace Wood for the 2023 season.

Truck No. 24 results

Truck No. 25 history
Dalton Sargeant (2018)
On January 12, 2018, Dalton Sargeant was announced to drive the No. 33 now renumbered to the No. 25. However, Sargeant was released due to sponsorship issues before Mosport. Spencer Gallagher was initially announced as a replacement driver; However, Gallagher sustained a shoulder injury and was replaced by Timothy Peters. Peters would get his 11th Truck Series win at Talladega.

On September 26, 2018, it was announced Tyler Dippel would drive the last 4 races of the 2018 season.

Truck No. 25 results

Truck No. 26 history

Tyler Ankrum (2020–2021)
On November 19, 2019, it was announced that 2019 Rookie of the Year Tyler Ankrum would move over to GMS Racing to drive a third full-time truck, which would later be revealed as the No. 26. On February 21, 2020, the No. 26 team was docked 10 owner and driver points prior to the Las Vegas race after an illegal engine oil reservoir tank was discovered during pre-race inspection.

Ankrum remained in the No. 26 for the 2021 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series. He finished the 2021 season with only 5 top-10s and 1 pole. Ankrum moved to Hattori Racing Enterprises No. 16 truck in 2022 and the 26 truck was shut down.

Truck No. 26 results

Truck No. 33 history

Brandon Jones (2014–2015)
In October 2014, it was announced that 17-year-old K&N Pro Series East driver Brandon Jones, crew chief Shane Huffman and the No. 33 Truck team would move from Turner Scott Motorsports (undergoing internal turmoil) to GMS for the final two races of their partial schedule at Martinsville and Phoenix.

Jones returned to the No. 33 truck for 17 races in 2015, while Richard Childress Racing teammates Austin and Ty Dillon ran the remaining six races with sponsorship from Rheem. Austin Dillon won the New Hampshire race to pick up GMS Racing's first Truck Series win.

Multiple drivers (2016)
Grant Enfinger was promoted from the ARCA Racing Series from GMS Racing, to drive part-time in the No. 33 Chevrolet Silverado for the team in 2016. 17-year old Kaz Grala drove the No. 33 in select races, beginning at Martinsville. On April 25, 2016, it was announced that Ben Kennedy would drive the No. 33 for 10 races, starting at Kansas. Kennedy scored his first career win at Bristol Motor Speedway in August, which clinched a chase spot for the championship. Kennedy would be eliminated Round of 8, after Phoenix and would finish 7th in points.

Kaz Grala (2017)
On December 5, 2016, it was announced that Kaz Grala would drive the No. 33 truck full-time next season with new crew chief Jerry Baxter who previously was a crew chief with Kyle Busch Motorsports.

On February 24, 2017, Kaz Grala won his inaugural race in the No. 33 truck at Daytona International Speedway after clearing a last-lap wreck in the NextEra Energy Resources 250.

Truck No. 33 results

Truck No. 43 history
Daniel Dye (2023)
On October 25, 2022, it was announced that Daniel Dye would race for GMS full time in 2023 in a brand new No. 43 entry.

Truck No. 43 results

ARCA Menards Series

Car No. 20 history
The 20 car ran two ARCA Menards Series events in 2014. The first was with Spencer Gallagher at Daytona, replacing Scott Sheldon after Gallagher's No. 23 car was disqualified. Sheldon then ran the car at Talladega, finishing 13th.

In 2015, Scott Sheldon ran the 20 car at Daytona International Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. Following this event the team shut down.

Car No. 21 history

For 2019 GMS returned to ARCA to run 15-year-old Sam Mayer in a part-time schedule. Mayer also ran the full season in the K&N Pro Series East with the team, and won the series championship.

In 2020, Mayer returned for another part-time schedule. He won 5 times and finished 7th in the standings.

In 2021, Jack Wood drove for the No. 21 car for 6 races. Daniel Dye also drove it for 6 races. He won once at Berlin Raceway, scoring his first-ever ARCA Menards Series win in just his second-ever start in the series. Kody Swanson made one start in the No. 21 car at Salem Speedway.

In 2022, Wood returned for one race at Mid-Ohio in the 21 car. This time the car was prepared by Bill McAnally Racing and it was a Toyota instead of the usual Chevy.

Car No. 22 history
In 2021, GMS fields the No. 22 for Jack Wood in a one-off at Bristol.

Car No. 23 history

Spencer Gallagher (2011–2014)
Spencer Gallagher ran 3 races in 2011 in a car numbered 05, with a best finish of 15th. Gallagher ran the full 19-race schedule in 2012, scoring 6 top tens and finishing 7th in points. Gallagher's numbers improved in 2013, scoring five top 5s and eight top 10s, but missing two races to finish 10th in points. Josh Williams replaced Gallagher at Winchester Speedway.

Gallagher returned for 2014, sponsored by Allegiant and Alamo Rent a Car. In October 2014 he got his first win in the 20th and final race of the ARCA season, the ARCA 98.9 at Kansas Speedway. Gallagher started 32nd and led the final 32 laps of the race.

Grant Enfinger (2015)
For 2015, Grant Enfinger moved over from the 90 car to the 23 for the full season, sponsorship pending. Enfinger had worked in the GMS shop during the off-season. Enfinger won the season opener at Daytona International Speedway, his second consecutive victory at the track. Enfinger won a total of six races en route to winning the championship.

Bret Holmes Racing (2016–present)
Following 2015, the equipment of the No. 23 team was sold to Bret Holmes Racing, with Enfinger serving as crew chief and part-time driver, and the effort supported by GMS. Enfinger scored a victory at Pocono in 2016 in the car.

Car No. 43 history
For 2022, GMS announced that Daniel Dye would drive the No. 21 car full-time in the main ARCA Series. However, after GMS merged with Richard Petty Motorsports, Dye moved to the new No. 43 car.

Car No. 90 history
Prior to the race at Lucas Oil Raceway in July, it was announced that four-time winner in 2014, Grant Enfinger, who was second in points at the time, would be moving from the Team BCR Ford to GMS Racing, taking his No. 90 and sponsor Motor Honey with him. GMS partner Allegiant Travel provided additional sponsorship. Enfinger finished 4th in his first race for GMS, but crashed at Pocono with Frank Kimmel. The next race at Berlin Raceway, Enfinger dominated, leading 181 of 200 laps to win the Federated Auto Parts 200 and moved within 25 points of the points leader Mason Mitchell. Enfinger scored his sixth win of the season at the DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack in September, leading 63 of 100 laps, and earning him the Bill France Four Crown award for the season. He would ultimately finish second to Mason Mitchell (who only had one win) after two DNFs in the final two races of the season. The team would shut down following the 2020 season.

ARCA Menards Series East

Car No. 21 history
For 2019 Sam Mayer ran the full K&N Pro Series East season in the No. 21 car, and won the series championship.

In 2020, Mayer returned for another full season in the rebranded ARCA Menards Series East. He won 5 out of 6 races and another championship.

In 2021, Jack Wood was scheduled to run full season at ARCA East, however, he only raced once, which was at the season opener at New Smyrna Speedway. Conner Jones made one start at Fairgrounds Speedway. Daniel Dye drove the No. 21 car for the last 4 races in the scheduled. The 21 would be replaced by the 43 for the 2022 season.

Car No. 22 history
In 2021, GMS fielded the No. 22 car for Jack Wood in a one-off at season finale at Bristol.

Car No. 43 history
In 2022, GMS fielded the No. 43 car for Daniel Dye at Iowa, Milwaukee, and Bristol.

ARCA Menards Series West

Car No. 21 history
In 2019, GMS fielded the No. 21 car  at K&N Pro Series West season finale at Phoenix for Sam Mayer. He won the pole and finished 2nd.

In 2020, Mayer returned to the rebranded ARCA Menards Series West for 2 races, for one of which, at Las Vegas Motor Speedway, he won.

In 2021, Jack Wood drove the No. 21 car at Phoenix.

In 2022, Wood returned for one race at Sonoma. This time the car was prepared by Bill McAnally Racing and was a Toyota instead of its usual Chevy.

Car No. 22 history
In 2021, GMS fielded the No. 22 car for Daniel Dye at the season finale at Phoenix and would shut down following the same event.

Car No. 43 history
In 2022, GMS fielded the No. 43 car for Daniel Dye at Phoenix. The No. 43 car make a return later in the season at Portland also driven by Dye. This time the car was prepared by Bill McAnally Racing.

References

External links

Auto racing teams in the United States
NASCAR teams
ARCA Menards Series teams
Auto racing teams established in 2011
Companies based in Charlotte, North Carolina
2011 establishments in North Carolina


title: Casey Jones (ice hockey)

text:
Casey Jones (born May 30, 1968) is a Canadian ice hockey coach. He is currently the head coach at Clarkson, a position he has held since the 2011–12. Jones spent 20 years as an assistant coach before landing his first head coaching job, replacing George Roll at one of his former stops. Jones was born in Témiscaming, Quebec, Canada.

Career statistics

Head coaching record

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Boston Bruins draft picks
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey coaches
Cornell Big Red men's ice hockey players
People from Abitibi-Témiscamingue
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Canadian ice hockey centres