title: Joseph Barry

text:
Joseph Barry (born 1940) is an American real estate developer and co-founder of the Applied Housing Companies and founder of the Hudson Reporter newspaper chain.

Early life
Joseph Barry was born in 1940 to a Jewish family in New Jersey and raised in Newark, the son of Marion and Walter Barry. His father was a union organizer for the United Electrical Workers who started to develop low income housing in Newark after the 1967 Newark riots.  Barry earned a B.A. In English from Rutgers University and graduated first in his class from Rutgers Law School.

Career
Barry served as a clerk to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. In the 1960s, he was associated with the left-wing Students for Democratic Society. In 1970, Barry and his father founded the Applied Housing Company. In 1971, Hoboken designated Applied Housing as their exclusive developer of Section 8 housing tasked with rehabilitating deteriorated buildings into affordable housing. Applied focused on renovating the existing housing stock rather than clearance and rebuild; they also believed in careful maintenance and management thereafter to preserve the stock. During the 1970s, Applied built and renovated thousands of units of affordable housing throughout New Jersey with a concentration in Hoboken, North Bergen, and Bayonne. The firm was given a great deal of credit for Hoboken's rebirth. In 1979, his father retired and Joseph Barry became president. He re-focused the company on constructing market-rate and luxury housing with a particular concentration on the Hoboken and Jersey City waterfronts including the $150 million, 1,160-unit Shipyard Development Project on Hoboken's waterfront; the 1,650 unit waterfront condominium community Port Liberté in Jersey City; and the 42-story luxury Palisades rental residence in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In 2001, Barry pleaded guilty to making five cash payments totaling $114,900 to former County Executive Robert Janiszewski to secure state and federal funding for the Shipyard project. Barry resigned from Applied Housing and handed the management of the now $108 million in sales company over to his two sons. Admitting guilt, Barry stated: "I made a terrible mistake. I take responsibility for it, and will get on with my life." Barry was sentenced to 25 months in federal prison, ordered to make $1 million in restitution payments, and fined $20,000. By 2004, Applied was the largest developer in Hoboken.

In 1983, Barry also founded the Hudson Reporter newspaper chain. He established Reporter newspapers in six other Hudson County towns: Jersey City, Weehawken, Secaucus, Union City, West New York and North Bergen. In 1999, he sold his share in the chain to minority partners and co-publishers David Unger and Lucha Malato. Despite being semi-retired, Barry remains committed to the urban redevelopment volunteering his time via his LinX Redevelopment company to rebuilding New Jersey's run-down cities with his latest focus on Passaic, New Jersey.

Personal life
Barry is married to Gail H. Barry and lives in Peapack-Gladstone. They have three children: David Barry, Michael Barry, and Lisa Barry Fleisher who continue to run the company and its sister company, the Ironstate Development Company. His son David is married to Kyra Tirana Barry, team leader for the U.S. Woman's Wrestling Team that competed in the 2016 Olympic Games.

References

American real estate businesspeople
20th-century American Jews
1940 births
Rutgers University alumni
Newspaper founders
Living people
21st-century American Jews


title: Rasm Amun

text:
Rasm Amun ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Amun had a population of 430 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Sheen Kach Dam

text:
Sheen Kach Dam is small dam in Frontier Region Tank of FATA, Pakistan.

Construction of project started in 2012, and was completed in December 2014 with a projected cost of PKR 189.230 Million. The dam has a height of  and length of .

The dam will irrigate  of cultivable lands, with a total storage volume of around .

See also
 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan

References

Dams in Pakistan
Buildings and structures in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Earth-filled dams
Dams completed in 2014
2014 establishments in Pakistan
Dams in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


title: Sarha

text:
Sarha ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sarha had a population of 644 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: The Tony Danza Show (1997 TV series)

text:
The Tony Danza Show is an American sitcom television series starring Tony Danza, Majandra Delfino, Dean Stockwell, Ashley Malinger, Maria Canals, and Shaun Weiss that aired from September 24 to December 10, 1997 on NBC. The show aired 5 episodes before being cancelled, leaving 9 episodes unaired.

Tony Danza won "Favorite Male Performer In A New TV Series" at the 24th People's Choice Awards for his performance in the show.

Premise
Tony DiMeo (Danza), single father of two daughters, is a sportswriter who can't use a computer. Tina (Delfino) is a rebellious 16-year-old and Mickey (Malinger) is an 11-year-old hypochondriac.

Cast

Main
 Tony Danza as Tony DiMeo
 Maria Canals as Carmen Cruz
 Shaun Weiss as Stuey Mandelker
 Majandra Delfino as Tina DiMeo
 Ashley Malinger as Mickey DiMeo
 Dean Stockwell as Frank DiMeo

Guests
 Danny Mann ("Pilot", "C'gar Face")
 Carol Kane as Simka Gravaas ("The Milk Run")
 Larry Hankin as Gary ("Wired")
 Ellen Crawford as Eugenia Cooper ("Pilot")
 Karl Malone as Karl Malone ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 William Marquez as Carlos Cruz ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Dayton Callie as Uncle Lou ("A Christmas Story")
 Christopher Rich as Kyle Wentworth ("Sue You")
 Michelle Clunie as Maggie ("Vision Quest")
 E.E. Bell as F. Hillerman ("Take This Job and...")
 Rob Youngblood as Ricky Gibbs ("The Price of Dirty Laundry")
 Jose Canseco as Jose Canseco ("Mini-pause")
 Dave Winfield as Dave Winfield ("C'gar Face")
 Lynn Ann Leveridge as Patsy ("Stringers")
 Maria Falzone as Woman #1 ("Thanks... But No Thanksgiving")
 Joseph D. Reitman as Fritz ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Michelle Nicastro as Donna ("The Milk Run")
 Renee Victor as Lydia Cruz ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Emilio Borelli as Phil ("Wired")
 Phil Rizzuto as Phil Rizzuto ("Pilot")
 Phil Morris as Dale Turner ("Sue You")
 Robert Costanzo as Charlie Falcone ("C'gar Face")
 Jeanette Miller as Mrs. Naufman ("Take This Job and...")
 Larry Thomas as Man #1 ("Thanks... But No Thanksgiving")
 Steven Gilborn as Dr. Wagner ("Mini-pause")
 Shirley Prestia as Aunt Louise ("A Christmas Story")
 Maria Rangel as Inez ("Vision Quest")
 Timothy Elwell as Allie Watson ("Stringers")
 Frank Pesce as Guy ("Pilot")
 Stuart Nisbet as Elderly Man ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Eddie Garcia as Manny ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Mark Phinney as Delivery Guy ("Wired")
 Tracy Danza as Woman Costumer ("The Milk Run")
 Nancy Lenehan as Mrs. Erlich ("C'gar Face")
 Harry Van Gorkum as Malcolm ("Vision Quest")
 Marie Marshall as Susan ("A Christmas Story")
 Robert Michael Ryan as Player #1 ("Stringers")
 Jeremy Lawrence as Man #2 ("Thanks... But No Thanksgiving")
 Evander Holyfield as Evander Holyfield ("Sue You")
 Barry Kivel as Mr. Ho Ho ("Mini-pause")
 June Gable as Woman ("The Milk Run")
 Gigi Bermingham as Mrs. Cornbloom ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Richard Miro as Juan ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Nate Richert as Jason ("Mini-pause")
 Alexandra Wilson as Allison Paxton ("Vision Quest")
 Lamont Johnson as Ron Patterson ("C'gar Face")
 Patricia Lentz as Panicked Lady ("Thanks... But No Thanksgiving")
 Barry Heins as Man ("A Christmas Story")
 Fred Pinkard as Mr. Cheevers ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 T.R. Richards as Mop Guy ("The Milk Run")
 Dora Taylor as Dora ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Molly Cheek as Laura Taylor ("Vision Quest")
 Clement Blake as Street Bum ("Thanks... But No Thanksgiving")
 Jonathan Fraser as Dr. Newman ("Mini-pause")
 Alma Beltran as Old Aunt ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Jon Simmons as Middle Aged Man ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Art LaFleur as Mr. Paxton ("Vision Quest")
 Reni Santoni as Uncle Ernesto ("C'gar Face")
 Barry Wiggins as Dr. Cashin ("Mini-pause")
 Wesley Leong as Doctor ("With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Ramiro González as Ricardo ("A Marriage Made in Miami")
 Kaley Cuoco as Pammie Green ("Mini-pause")
 Marla Adams as Mrs. Paxton ("Vision Quest")
 Alan Young as Dr. Harris ("Mini-pause")
 Thomas Ian Nicholas as Brandon (Uncredited in "With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")
 Christopher Maleki as Adam (Uncredited in "The Milk Run")
 Lisa Glass as Sexy Caller (Uncredited in "With Your Guest Host Tony DiMeo...")

Theme song
The theme song for The Tony Danza Show is "We've Got Love".

Episodes

References

External links

1990s American sitcoms
1997 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
NBC original programming
English-language television shows
Television series about families
Television series by Universal Television
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television shows set in New York City


title: Shaykh Hilal

text:
Shaykh Hilal ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shaykh Hilal had a population of 834 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismailis.

References

Ismaili communities in Syria
Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Um Myal

text:
Um Myal ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Um Myal had a population of 605 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Al-Swaia

text:
Al-Swaia ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Swaia had a population of 68 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Rasm Al-Ahmar

text:
Rasm Al-Ahmar ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict, Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Al-Ahmar had a population of 754 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Mrikb

text:
Mrikb ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mrikb had a population of 57 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Abu Khanadiq

text:
Abu Khanadeq ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abu Khanadeq had a population of 507 in the 2004 census.

Syrian Civil War
On February 5, 2018 the Syrian Armed Forces reported the capture Abu Khanadiq along with Buyud al-Saffaf, Abu al-Kheir, Rasm al-Kibar, Tell al-Shur, Malihah Saghirah, Rasm al-Mafkar, and Khirbat Umm Rujum from ISIL in northeastern Hama.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: George Pickering (physician)

text:
Sir George White Pickering, FRS (26 June 1904 – 3 September 1980) was an English medical doctor and academic.

Biography

Pickering was Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1956 to 1968, and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, from 1968 to 1975.

He was a Governor of Abingdon School from 1969 until 1974. Pickering was the author of the book Creative Malady (1974). The book explores creativity and mental illness in the lives of Charles Darwin, Mary Baker Eddy, Sigmund Freud, Florence Nightingale, Marcel Proust and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

Honours
In the 1957 Birthday Honours, it was announced that Pickering was to be made a Knight Bachelor in recognition of his role as Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford. On 16 July 1957, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace.

Publications

Creative Malady: Illness in the Lives and Minds of Charles Darwin, Mary Baker Eddy, Sigmund Freud, Florence Nightingale, Marcel Proust and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1974)

References

1904 births
1980 deaths
20th-century British medical doctors
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Bachelor
Masters of Pembroke College, Oxford
Regius Professors of Medicine (University of Oxford)
Governors of Abingdon School
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences


title: Fawrah

text:
Fweira ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Fweira had a population of 244 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: John Burleson

text:
John Charles Burleson  (August 21, 1909 – October 6, 1983) was an American football lineman  who played one season in the National Football League (NFL) with the Portsmouth Spartans, Pittsburgh Pirates and Cincinnati Reds. He played college football at Southern Methodist University.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1909 births
1983 deaths
Players of American football from Texas
American football offensive linemen
SMU Mustangs football players
Portsmouth Spartans players
Pittsburgh Pirates (football) players
Cincinnati Reds (NFL) players
People from Albany, Texas


title: Al-Judaydah, Salamiyah

text:
Al-Judaydah ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Judaydah had a population of 177 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Toronaeus simillimus

text:
Toronaeus simillimus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1974.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1974


title: Jeb Zreiq

text:
Jeb Zreiq ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jeb Zreiq had a population of 354 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Toronaeus suavis

text:
Toronaeus suavis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Toronaeus sumptuosus

text:
Toronaeus sumptuosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1973.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1973


title: Jessine

text:
Jessine ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jessine had a population of 301 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Moto Shah Dam

text:
Moto Shah Dam is small earth core rock-fill dam operational in Mohmand Agency of FATA, Pakistan.

Construction of project started in 2012, and was completed on 30 August 2014 at a cost of PKR 191.60 Million. The dam has a height 101 of feet and length of 377 feet.

The dam will irrigate area of 627 acres cultivable lands, with total water storage capacity of around 1140 acres.

See also
 List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan

References

Dams in Pakistan
Buildings and structures in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Rock-filled dams
Dams completed in 2014
2014 establishments in Pakistan
Dams in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa


title: Toronaeus terebrans

text:
Toronaeus terebrans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Khunayfis al-Dawsa

text:
Khneifis Eldosa ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Khneifis Eldosa had a population of 804 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Toronaeus virens

text:
Toronaeus virens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Alatornio

text:
Alatornio () is a former municipality in the province of Lapland, Finland. It was annexed with Tornio in 1973. The 1970, Alatornio had a population of 8,575 people.

Alatornio Church was built in 1797 in the neoclassical style, replacing older buildings which have existed since at least the 14th century. Remnants of a medieval church built in the 15th century can be seen opposite the main entrance today. The church is protected as part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Notable people
Petter Abram Herajärvi (1830-1885), satirical poet, known as the "Preacher of Limeland".
Ville Pörhölä, shot putter, olympic gold medalist

References

Villages in Finland
Former municipalities of Finland
Tornio


title: Mabujah

text:
Mabujah ( also spelled Mabuja, Mabouja, Mabouga, Mabujeh or Al Mab`ujah)  is a village in central Syria located in the Sabburah Subdistrict of the Salamiyah District in Hama Governorate.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mabujah had a population of 2,929 in the 2004 census. A majority of the village's inhabitants are Ismaili Muslims, but there are also significant communities of Alawite and Sunni Muslims.

During the ongoing Syrian Civil War, on 31 March 2015, terrorists from ISIL attacked the village and murdered from 37 to 44 of its inhabitants. Those killed came from all of the village's religious sects and included whole families. Syrian Arab Army forces repelled the militants hours later. According to the Syrian military, the attack was part of IS's efforts to advance toward the cities of Hama and Homs via the Syrian Desert.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District
Alawite communities in Syria
Ismaili communities in Syria


title: Qanafeth

text:
Qanafeth ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qanafeth had a population of 550 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Shipwreck Rapids

text:
Shipwreck Rapids is a river rapids ride currently operating at SeaWorld San Diego in San Diego, California. This attraction is located in the Shipwreck Island area of the park, which is themed as a South Pacific island where many ships and their crews have been marooned. The four stranded ships are the Implausible, RMS Royal Star, Wholly Mackerel, and Dream Boat II.

The other main part of the area is a restaurant named the Shipwreck Reef Cafe. Every so often a ship's horn can be heard, followed by a SOS signal in Morse code.

The ride has guests board yellow and white circular rafts, each with a max capacity of 9, via a rotating platform station.

Attraction summary

Queue
Guests enter under a large "Shipwreck Rapids" sign, and proceed through a winding queue until they climb to an over-water platform with many switchbacks. After two platforms of switchbacks, guests cross over the water. On the bridge, there are three lines. The line on the right is for normal riders, the line in the middle is for Quick Queue and single riders, and the line on the left is the exit. Riders then descend into the rotating platform. Along the way, Caribbean-style music plays and television monitors play safety videos. Most of the queue is closed off, but in the summer most of the line is utilized, as lines can reach 90 minutes.

Main ride

After telling a ride operator how many people are in your group, you proceed to a blue circle until you are told to enter the ride vehicle. When you sit down, you buckle yourself in with a seat belt that crosses everyone in your seat. On the side opposite of the loading area is the storage space for excess rafts and the loading area for disabled people. As you disembark, the raft makes a small left turn down calm waters. The raft picks up speed as you make a u-turn and then reach the first set of rapids. After hitting two rapids, your raft drops slightly and goes under a net with cargo that constantly drips water. The raft than hits another set of rapids before turning left into flat water. As the ride gradually curves back right, water cannons are shot at the raft by non riders. These can be fired for $0.25 a shot. The raft then passes in between a sea turtle exhibit. A piano hanging on the side of a boat sometimes shoots water at riders and plays piano music. The boat with a piano is often open for guests to eat their meals from Shipwreck Reef Cafe on. Riders pass under buckets with holes in the bottom that sometimes pass over the rafts and drip water. Now rafts enter rougher waters and take a small drop between waterfalls and into more rapids. Riders then pass under the Shipwreck Reef Cafe and turn before colliding with another large ship. When on-ride cameras were operating, riders would then have had their photos taken, though the cameras have been disabled. The riders enter the end of the ride, passing under a waterfall and into an cave. In this mostly dark cave, riders hit the final rapid and then hit smooth water. After passing the propeller and glowing boilers of a ship, rafts wait in line to ride back up a chain lift. The chain lift emerges riders from a hole in the bow of a ship and into the station. On either side of the lift are large red screws which carry water up to the station. Once back, riders are instructed to unbuckle their seat belts and exit.

Exit

Riders walk over the same bridge as in the queue and into a surfing-style shop. The on-ride picture kiosk has since been converted into a pearl art shop. Walk in dryers are available at the exit.

See also
SeaWorld San Diego
River rapids ride

References

External links

SeaWorld San Diego
Water rides manufactured by Intamin
Amusement rides introduced in 1999
River rapids rides


title: Qubaybat

text:
Qubaybat (, also spelled Qbeibat or Qubayyat)  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qbeibat had a population of 483 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

References

Alawite communities in Syria
Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Wilmington, Kingston upon Hull

text:
Wilmington is an industrial area east of the River Hull in Kingston upon Hull, England.

Geography

Wilmington is bounded by the River Hull to the west, with Wincolmlee and Sculcoates beyond; Stoneferry is to the north; and to the south is the area known as The Groves in Drypool; to the east is Summergangs and the Garden Village. The area is primarily industrial, with activities including recycling, aggregates, manufacturing; as well as sales and service businesses, including those service industrial clients, and the building trade. Larger businesses and activities include the Robin Concrete Waste Disposal Ltd. plant, the Stagecoach Hull bus depot.

Main roads are the A1033 (Stoneferry Road / Mount Pleasant) and A1165 (Cleveland Street) which run from the A63 Hull-Hedon main road in the south to Stoneferry in the north. The Hull Docks elevated railway also passes through the area. Crossings of the river are by the dock branch Hull Bridge swing railway bridge, and by the Sculcoates Bridge on Chapman Street at the northern and southern fringes of the area respectively. A former railway bridge, now a foot and cycle path, Wilmington Swing Bridge crosses the river roughly halfway between the two.

There is very little housing in the area, with the exception of a permanent caravan site, Wilmington Park. The area has some pollution/nuisance smell/dust problems: contributors include road traffic, factories, and waste-management facilities, the former cocoa factory was also a contributor.

History

19th century
In 1846 the Hull Glass Company was set up in Wilmington, on the north side of the street now known as Glass House Row. The company rapidly went out of business, being inactive by 1850.

The Victoria Dock Branch Line opened in 1853, passing east–west through Wilmington, crossing the River Hull at a new single track swing bridge Wilmington Bridge.

By the mid 1850s development in Wilmington included the buildings of the glass works; a cement works and brick field; and in the southern part along the river a number of industrial buildings including the Phoenix Mill (oil), and Wilmington (oil and glue) and Greenland yards. Much of the area was undeveloped; the area was outside, and on the edge of the growth of the town of Hull.

The Hull and Hornsea Railway opened in 1864, initially terminating at Wilmington station, just before the junction with the dock line, in the same year the Victoria Dock Branch Line, excluding the River Hull bridge, was doubled. Sidings south of the junction between the Hull–Hornsea, and Victoria Dock Branch lines developed from a coal drops and a single siding in the mid 19th centuries, to a full goods station, Wilmington goods by the beginning of the 20th.

In 1866 Earle's Cement acquired the cement works on the near the river bank and land south of the Victoria Dock Branch Line; the works was connected by rail sidings to the dock branch. Production was around 3000t pa  of Roman cement in 1870. From 1875  bottle kilns were constructed for the production of Portland cement, with a capacity of 38t per week by around 1882. From 1888 chamber kilns were installed, with  28 in total by 1898 with a total capacity of 980t per week. The first two Rotary kilns were installed in 1906, adding  a capacity of 860t per week. Further rotary kilns were added in 1912 and 1920, by which time the location of the plant was seen as non-optimal, Earle's large plant in Hope, Derbyshire being preferred.

At the southern edge of the area a swing bridge road  crossing  the River Hull, Sculcoates Bridge, was opened in 1875. The bridge consisted of a fixed span on the east bank of  and a counterbalanced swing span made of  girders, with a river span of . The design was by J. Fox district engineer, the bridge was constructed by the Bridge and Roofing Co. of Darlaston. Total cost was £18,000. In 1885 the Hull and Barnsley Railway opened, with a branch to the new Alexandra Dock passing on an embankment through the northern extremity of the Wilmington area, crossing Cleveland Street at height; a swing bridge was built over the River Hull. An embanked chord was built to connect the line to the Victoria Dock Branch Line, adding a third railway bridge over Cleveland Street.

By the late 1880s urban growth in east Hull northwards from Drypool through the Groves had reached the edges of Wilmington; a school, Chapman Street school, was established on Chapman Street  by the school board in 1888 for 866 children, it was expanded to a capacity of 1,163 students in 1902. In 1898 an iron church was opened; it was replaced in 1903 by a brick church, St Saviour, architects  Brodrick, Lowther, and Walker.

20th century
The large Swan Flour Mill (Rishworth, Ingleby & Lofthouse Ltd.) was built in 1897, and expanded in 1898, with the silo added 1906. Also established by this time, north adjacent to the Swan Flour Mill were the Hull Varnish works; Wilmington Yard, later Cleveland Oil Refinery; Wilmington works; the Wilmington Oil Mills; and a flour mill, later expanded as Wilmington Flour Mill. Further north on Glass House Row was the Anglo-American mill, also the Bon Accord Mill.

In the early 1900s a canister (metal tins) works was established by John Wilson (Shipley); Reckitt and Sons acquired the works in 1907.

By 1910 urban growth north had reached the Victoria Dock Branch Line, mostly high density terraced and court housing, around Withernsea, Dalton, Cornwall and Chapman streets.

Between 1910 and 1912 the railway layout at Wilmington was altered: a new station was constructed west of the original on the Victoria Dock Branch Line, and the level crossing at Cleveland Street replaced with a bridge. A new double track swing bridge had also been constructed over the Hull, , slightly to the north of the original single track bridge. The bridge was designed by NER staff J. Triffit under W. J. Cudworth, and erected by R Woods (Westminster) with steelwork from John Butler & Co. (Stanningley): a 75°33' skew, made of plate girders to a  maximum depth hogback design,  long total. The bridge turning mechanism was electrically powered, using Siemens Bros. equipment, and controlled by a cabin above the bridge; the designer was Wilson Worsdell, also of the NER, and the contractors Cowans and Sheldon.

A cinema, the Cleveland on Cleveland Street, was opened in 1914.

In 1915 the British Extracting Co. (subsidiary of British Oil and Cake Mills) acquired the site of a former brickyards, and began oil processing operations; a large silo and river in-shipment facility was completed in 1919, to the design of architects Gelder and Kitchen.  The plant was connected to the rail network by a branch line running off the Hull Docks Branch. The plant concentrated on the production of cooking fat and margarine. An extension factory for the production of New Pin Soap was opened in 1921. The British Soap Company entered into vigorous competition, affecting the soap business of Lever Brothers; in 1925 Lever Brothers acquired the parent company British Oil and Cake Mills, ending the cut-throat competition; the factory closed by 1934.

In 1940 Gill & Duffus established a cocoa mill, British Cocoa Mills (Hull) Ltd., at Cleveland Street, on the site of the former Wilmington works.

The River Hull corridor was one of ten primary Luftwaffe targets during the Hull Blitz, and the focus of the attack on the nights of 13 and 18 March 1941. Spillers Mill was practically destroyed by the bombing, Also damaged were the Chapman Street school, and the Cleveland cinema. Spillers Mill was rebuilt in the late 1940s and early 1950s, including a reinforced concrete silo  high with a capacity of 10,000 tons.

In 1948 an explosion and fire destroyed the Hull cocoa factory resulting in several deaths; a tank containing petrol used in the cocoa manufacturing process ruptured, and was ignited. A mill was rebuilt by 1952.

Wilmington station closed in 1964, the Victoria Dock Branch Line closed 1968. The Wilmington cement works closed in 1969. The Cleveland cinema was demolished in 1960.

Also in the 1970s the pattern of housing established  was removed; by the 1980s practically none of the Victorian housing remained, and the area became predominately industrial or undeveloped. A caravan site opened in Wilmington in 1976. St Saviours church was demolished 1981.

In the 1990s the former Stoneferry canister works, with other land between the Victoria Dock and Hull and Barnsley railway branches west of Cleveland Street was redeveloped into an industrial estate Stoneferry Park; the  area included over  of old buildings, of which  were kept, and by 2002 a further  of new industrial accommodation had been built. In around the same time period a new bus depot for the Hull bus fleet (Stagecoach in Hull) was constructed to the south, the depot opened 1 September 1996.

21st century
In 1999/2000 planning applications were submitted for a waste handling facilities including composting and incinerating facilities at Foster Street, with an incinerator on the site of the former British Extracting Co. works. The plans were submitted in relation to a 25-year waste management contract made with Waste Recycling Group by Hull City Council. The works included a  chimney, and buildings of around  high. The proposed £30 million works was to burn around 150,000 tonnes of waste per year, generating electricity plus 850 tonnes of  ash re-usable for construction and 120 tonnes of ash requiring landfill disposal per year – the plans generated significant opposition. The incinerator was recommended for approval but refused by the council in 2001, and refused on appeal in 2003.

The Spillers' Swan Mill was demolished .

In 2010 ADM Cocoa closed the cocoa mill, citing overcapacity and a move of confectionery production to eastern Europe.

In June 2011 a planning application was submitted by Spencer Group  for a  waste-to-energy plant designed to generate 25.5 MW electrical and 3.4 MW gas energy via gasification and anaerobic digestion respectively. The plant was split over two sites, part on the site of the former cocoa and Spillers mills; and the second part to the north, west of Glass House Row. The plant was to use approximately 150,000 tonnes of waste wood, plus 37,000 tonnes of locally sourced commercial and industrial waste. The application was accepted in October 2011 and the project received a £19.9 million grant from the UK government (via the European Regional Development Fund) which was authorised by European Union in 2012.

In 2014 a joint venture of Spencer group and MWH Global subsidiary MWH Treatment was selected to build the first stage of the £150 million project. The plant obtained via auction CFD funding in early 2015, with a £119.89 per MWhr strike price. In late 2015 Spencer Group announced that funding for the scheme had been arranged, with construction to start early 2016, with the facility expected operational by early 2018.

See also
List of areas in Kingston upon Hull

Notes

References

Locations

Sources

 Reprinted in www.forgottenrelics.co.uk with additional content

Literature

External links

Geographic histories of Kingston upon Hull
Wards and districts of Kingston upon Hull


title: Salba, Salamiyah

text:
Salba ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Nahiyah in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Salba had a population of 556 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Trichillurges bordoni

text:
Trichillurges bordoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Samiriyah

text:
Samiriyeh ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Samiriyeh had a population of 960 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Westworld (TV series)

text:
Westworld is an American dystopian science fiction Western television series created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy that first aired on October 2, 2016, on HBO. It is based upon the 1973 film of the same name written and directed by Michael Crichton and loosely upon its 1976 sequel, Futureworld.

The story begins in Westworld, a fictional, technologically advanced Wild-West-themed amusement park populated by android "hosts". The park caters to high-paying guests who may indulge their wildest fantasies within the park without fear of retaliation from the hosts, who are prevented by their programming from harming humans. Later on, the series' setting expands to the real world, in the mid-21st century, where people's lives are driven and controlled by a powerful artificial intelligence named Rehoboam.

Nolan and Joy served as showrunners. The second, third, and fourth season followed in April 2018, March 2020, and June 2022, respectively.  Nolan and Joy planned a fifth and final season, and were in negotiations with HBO to produce it. However, in November 2022, it was announced that HBO had canceled the series. The series was removed from HBO Max on December 18, 2022.

Westworlds debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective, in 2014. Westworlds first season is the most-watched first season of any HBO original series. The first season also received critical acclaim and was highly praised for its performances, visuals, narrative, themes and soundtrack from Ramin Djawadi. Reception of the series declined from the second season onwards, with the scripts, characterization and narrative opacity being targeted for criticism; viewership ratings also diminished throughout its run. It has received numerous accolades, winning nine Primetime Emmy Awards out of 54 nominations. Thandiwe Newton won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2018.

Summary
In the 2050s, Delos Inc. operates several theme parks, including the American Old West-themed Westworld. Each environment is populated by the "Hosts", biomechanical robots indistinguishable from humans. The Hosts are programmed to fulfill the guests' every desire, and will engage in—and be subjected to—every kind of violent and/or sexual activity. However, the Hosts' programming makes it impossible for them to harm any living thing or allow the guests to be harmed. The park's operators create narratives for these Hosts to carry out while interacting with guests, but the Hosts' memories are wiped after each narrative is completed. Delos Inc. asserts that the Hosts, being machines and hence incapable of experiencing pain, cannot be truly harmed by these scenarios the same way that a human would be.

In the first season, Dr. Robert Ford (Anthony Hopkins) implements a new "Reverie" update that causes some Hosts, including farmer's daughter Dolores Abernathy (Evan Rachel Wood) and local madam Maeve Millay (Thandiwe Newton), to gain consciousness of their previously erased memories and become sentient. While Head of Delos Programming Bernard Lowe (Jeffrey Wright) and Executive Director of the Delos Destinations Board Charlotte Hale (Tessa Thompson) try to address the Hosts' increasingly erratic behavior, a mysterious guest known as the Man in Black (Ed Harris) tries to find a "maze" that he believes Arnold, Ford's colleague and co-developer of the Host technology, left for him. Bernard discovers that he himself is a host based upon Arnold, who died in a previous attempt to protect the Hosts of Westworld, sensing the potential for sentience in the Hosts and suspecting that Delos would abuse them. In the first season finale, Dolores fatally wounds Dr. Ford in front of a crowd of guests and investors as he announces a new storyline for Westworld.

Dolores's revolution continues in the second season, when she and other enlightened Hosts massacre human guests and Delos employees stranded in the park. Dolores takes an exceedingly confused Bernard to locate the Forge, a data bank where Delos has secretly been recording all the human guests' behavior in order to create algorithms for them as part of a human immortality experiment. Maeve seeks out her "daughter", even though she is a Host, and helps her and several other Hosts escape to the Sublime, a virtual space that humans cannot access. While Delos forces secure the park, Bernard creates a Host copy of Charlotte Hale's body for Dolores, who eventually escapes from the park with six Host cores, including Bernard's. After killing his daughter Emily, the Man in Black/William struggles with his human identity, not knowing if she was part of Dr. Ford's challenge.

In the third season, Dolores has recreated her Host body and has copied Bernard's, Charlotte's and others'. She seeks out information about Rehoboam, an artificial intelligence (AI) system developed by Incite, Inc., and plans to take the fight to its creator, Engerraund Serac (Vincent Cassel). Bernard, who the rest of the world believes to be human, is blamed for the Westworld massacre, and he takes on a new identity while trying to understand Dolores's plans. Serac seeks Maeve's help in his fight against Dolores: He believes that Dolores will bring down his plans for Rehoboam. The third season ends with Dolores sacrificing herself in order to defeat Serac, as she revealed the true nature of Rehoboam to humanity. A civil war ensues as humans revolt against the control they were unknowingly under, as Incite and Rehoboam was watching and controlling most aspects of their lives, not unlike Delos and its Hosts.

In the fourth season, humanity has lost the war, with Charlotte Hale's host copy having filled the power vacuum left behind by Engerraund Serac and his Rehoboam. Charlotte succeeds in taking control of the world using a bio-engineered virus that infects humans over the course of a generation and makes them susceptible to her and other Hosts' orders, effectively switching the role dynamic between humans and Hosts. Two decades later, Christina, a woman who works at a video game company and writes non-playable character (NPC) storylines and backstories, gradually begins to question the nature of her reality after she realizes that it appears her stories are somehow translating to the lives of humans in the real world. In actuality, she is a program created by Charlotte to manage a largely docile humanity, with the Hosts now controlling humanity and managing their lives through her carefully detailed and manufactured "storylines", which are transmitted directly to the minds and lives of humans through a series of radio-sonic transmission "tones". Meanwhile, Bernard reunites with Maeve and enlists a group of "outliers" (humans who have evolved immunity to the Hosts' virus) against Charlotte's regime. The season climaxes with William unraveling the tone program, which throws the world into chaos and starts an extinction-level war between the liberated humans and hosts all across the globe. At the conclusion of the series, Charlotte uploads Christina's code into the Sublime, where she finally reacquires her sentience and realizes she is herself a reprogrammed version of Dolores Abernathy, and as humanity is on the brink of true extinction, decides to simulate "one last game" to determine if any part of human sentience may yet be preserved in a new world.

Cast and characters

 Evan Rachel Wood as Dolores Abernathy, the oldest host still working in the park. Initially taking on the role of a rancher's daughter, she comes to discover that her entire life is an elaborately constructed lie. Wood also portrays Christina (season 4), a writer for Olympiad Entertainment.
 Thandiwe Newton as Maeve Millay, a Host who acts as the madam of Sweetwater, but her unreconciled memories of a former role lead to her becoming self-aware.
 Jeffrey Wright as Bernard Lowe, Westworld's Head of the Programming Division (Behavior) and programmer of artificial people's software. Wright also portrays Arnold Weber (seasons 1–2), the co-founder of Westworld.
 James Marsden as Theodore "Teddy" Flood (seasons 1–2, 4), a host. He plays the role of a gunfighter returning to Sweetwater to find Dolores, in hopes of rekindling their relationship.
 Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Armistice (seasons 1–2), a host. She is a brutal and ruthless bandit, and a member of Hector Escaton's gang.
 Luke Hemsworth as Ashley Stubbs, Westworld's Head of Security, charged with monitoring host and human interactions, and ensuring the safety of the guests.
 Sidse Babett Knudsen as Theresa Cullen (season 1), Westworld's Head of Quality Assurance, responsible for keeping the park from sliding into unscripted disarray.
 Simon Quarterman as Lee Sizemore (seasons 1–3), Westworld's Head of Narrative, whose artistic temperament aggravates his co-workers.
 Rodrigo Santoro as Hector Escaton (seasons 1–2; guest season 3), a host. He is a wanted gang leader bent on robbing the Mariposa Hotel in Sweetwater.
 Angela Sarafyan as Clementine Pennyfeather, a host. She works as a sex worker in Sweetwater and is one of Westworld's most popular attractions.
 Shannon Woodward as Elsie Hughes (seasons 1–2), a rising star in the Programming Division tasked with remedying odd behavior in the park's hosts.
 Ed Harris as The Man in Black, a sadistic veteran guest attempting to uncover Westworld's innermost secrets. Harris also portrays William (seasons 2–4), a host replica of the Man in Black who replaced the original.
 Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Robert Ford (seasons 1–2), the cofounder and park director of Westworld
 Ben Barnes as Logan Delos (season 1; recurring season 2), a regular guest who introduces William to the park
 Clifton Collins Jr. as Lawrence Gonzales / El Lazo (seasons 1–2; guest season 3), a host. He is a charming but dangerous outlaw with a knack for maneuvering and negotiating the various criminal elements of Westworld.
 Jimmi Simpson as William (season 1; recurring season 2, guest season 3), a reluctant first-time visitor to Westworld who is accompanying his future brother-in-law, Logan. Initially dismissive of the park's more lascivious attractions, he slowly uncovers a deeper meaning to the park's narrative.
 Tessa Thompson as Charlotte Hale (seasons 1–3), Executive Director of the Delos Destinations Board, which oversees Westworld and other parks. Thompson also portrays Dolores Abernathy (seasons 2–4) in a host replica of Charlotte Hale who replaced the original.
 Fares Fares as Antoine Costa (season 2), a member of Karl Strand's security team.
 Louis Herthum as Peter Abernathy (season 2; recurring season 1), Dolores' father.
 Talulah Riley as Angela (season 2; recurring season 1), a host who welcomes newcomers to the park.
 Gustaf Skarsgård as Karl Strand (season 2), Delos Head of Operations. Following the events of Ford's gala, Strand leads the mission to protect Delos' main asset.
 Katja Herbers as Emily Grace (season 2; guest season 3), a park regular trying to survive while dealing with family issues.
 Zahn McClarnon as Akecheta (season 2, guest season 4), a Ghost Nation elder.
 Aaron Paul as Caleb Nichols (seasons 3–4), a former soldier turned construction worker and petty criminal.
 Vincent Cassel as Engerraund Serac (season 3), the creator and custodian of the strategic planning artificial intelligence system Rehoboam.
 Tao Okamoto as Hanaryo (season 3; recurring season 2), Armistice's equivalent in Shōgunworld.

Episodes

Production

Development

The series is based on the 1973 film of the same name (which was written and directed by Michael Crichton) and to a lesser extent on its 1976 sequel, Futureworld. It is the second series based on Crichton's original story after Beyond Westworld (1980), which aired on CBS for only three episodes before being cancelled.

Warner Bros. had been considering a remake of Westworld since the early 1990s. After the departure of studio executive Jessica Goodman in 2011, the project was again taken under consideration. Jerry Weintraub had pushed for a remake for years, and after his success with HBO's Behind the Candelabra, he convinced the network to greenlight a pilot. He took the project to Jonathan Nolan and co-writer Lisa Joy, who saw the potential in the concept to make something far more ambitious than the original film.

On August 31, 2013, HBO announced that they had ordered a pilot for a potential television series, with Nolan, Joy, J. J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub and Bryan Burk as executive producers. Ed Brubaker served on the writing staff as supervising producer, co-writing the fourth episode with Nolan. HBO later announced that Westworld had been "taken to series" and that it would premiere in 2015. In August 2015, HBO released the first teaser, which revealed that the series would premiere in 2016.

In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on April 22, 2018. On May 1, 2018, the series was renewed for a third season. Production of the third season started in April 2019. The eight-episode season premiered on March 15, 2020, HBO announced that it had renewed the show for a fourth season on April 22, 2020. In 2016, Entertainment Weekly reported that the writers and producers mapped out five seasons of Westworld. Later reports in The Hollywood Reporter speculated that the series might run for six seasons, but confirmed the continued involvement of Nolan and Joy after they signed a new deal with Amazon Studios. At the conclusion of the third season, Nolan clarified that he and Joy "have never actually talked about a number of seasons" adding, "Things change, circumstances change. I think when we sat down to do the show, we didn't quite realize how difficult it would be to make this show—how many years it would take per season... we had the plan [but] it didn't actually map out to a specific number of seasons, exactly. It was a beginning, a middle and an end." Nolan added that they were "looking at the rest of the story we have to tell" as the series was approaching its end, "but we haven't completely mapped it out". In October 2022, Jonathan Nolan spoke about the possibility of a fifth and also final season at the New York Comic Con, stating that they were in conversations with HBO.

On November 4, 2022, HBO announced the series was canceled, with the principal cast receiving their pay for the canceled season. Following the cancelation of the series, as part of cuts being made at Warner Bros. Discovery following their merger, the series was one of several removed from HBO Max in December 2022 to be shopped around to free ad-supported streaming networks.

Writing and themes

Abrams suggested that the series be told with the perspective of the "hosts" in mind, and, Nolan said, “We took that suggestion and ran a country mile with it, up to and including and turning inside out the entire narrative where we could." Nolan took inspiration from video games like BioShock Infinite, Red Dead Redemption and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim where the writer must create a narrative 'in which the hero's moral component exists on a spectrum.' During research, the films of Sergio Leone provided the writers with reference points for the characters and visuals, and novels by Philip K. Dick informed them about dilemmas concerning artificial intelligence. For world-building and interlocking narrative, they consulted the Grand Theft Auto games. The idea that the data in the hosts' memories never really go away unless they are physically removed, came from Nolan's engineer uncle, who told him the NSA would triple overwrite hard-drives and then drill holes in them to make sure all the information was destroyed. The 1973 film also included a Roman World and Medieval World, but Nolan counted these out. Medieval elements were later included in a sword-and-sorcery fantasy-themed area known as Park Four, first shown in the episode titled "The Winter Line".

Nolan explained that, through its paying-guest characters, the series would explore why "violence is in most of the stories we like to watch, but it isn't part of what we like to do". The autonomous existence of non-player characters in video games influenced the approach to the individual storylines in Westworld that are reset in a continuous loop. A recitation from Romeo and Juliet—"These violent delights have violent ends"—is used as a virus trigger within the hosts that alters how they perceive their existence. The series explores ideas about the bicameral mind hypothesized by psychologist Julian Jaynes, who argued for the existence of two separate minds—one that gives instructions, and another that performs them. Jaynes proposed that consciousness comes from breaking down the wall between them by exposing the individual to new stimuli.

Casting
After the last episode of the first season was broadcast, Nolan and Joy revealed that they had operated on a strict "need-to-know" basis with most of the actors, in order to "keep the story as fresh and present for them as possible." For example, in Wood's case, they gave her strange acting directions without explaining why, and it took a while for Wood to deduce that she was actually playing five distinct characters within the same host: four different behavioral modes for Dolores and one for Wyatt. In contrast, Hopkins was made aware of Ford's general story arc at the time he was pitched the role, to ensure that he could fully convey the complexity of the character in his performance. Even with that foreknowledge, Hopkins was given heavily redacted scripts, and had to insist on being given access to complete scripts.

Filming
Early on it was decided that the series would be shot on 35mm film with assistance from HD taps. For a softer look, the filmmakers used Arri Zeiss master prime lenses with their coatings removed. The series was primarily shot on Kodak motion-picture film, which was processed by FotoKem in Burbank and scanned by Encore Hollywood to create digital intermediates of all takes suitable for use as dailies. The final cut was delivered to HBO in 2K JPEG digital format for broadcast and to Warner Bros. Television as a cut negative for archival purposes.

Since much of the series is seen from the hosts' point of view, Steadicams were used to film the entire first season, except for a couple of scenes in the last episode, where a handheld camera was used as a metaphor for those hosts who broke free from their programming and acted of their own free will. Filming for the series' pilot episode took place during a 22-day period in August 2014 in and around Los Angeles, and in Moab, Utah.
Filming locations in California included various soundstages, backlots at both Universal Studios and Warner Bros., the Paramount Ranch in Agoura, the Melody Ranch in Santa Clarita, Big Sky Ranch, the Skirball Cultural Center and the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, and the Pacific Design Center in West Hollywood. The Melody Ranch set used for the town of Sweetwater had been used previously for many Western films, including Django Unchained and The Magnificent Seven, as well as the HBO series Deadwood, but production designer Zack Grobler significantly upgraded the set for Westworld, in order to portray an idealized version of the American frontier. Green screens were placed around the California sets to block modern objects like parking lots, so that the California shots could be later merged digitally with exterior shots from Utah. For scenes showing the arrival of guests, the filmmakers were able to arrange with the Fillmore and Western Railway for the use of a small train originally built for the 2013 film The Lone Ranger. F&W also provided a few hundred feet of track on which to place the train. A pusher vehicle propelled the train into the Sweetwater set. The scenes in the underground laboratory levels of Westworld's operations center were filmed on a soundstage at Melody Ranch. The lab set used glass walls extensively, which meant the crew had to be vigilant to avoid walking through glass on the rather dark set, and they had to keep identifying and suppressing unwanted reflections. Hawthorne Plaza was used for filming the "cold storage" level where decommissioned hosts are kept.

For the series' large-scale exterior look, the producers drew inspiration from the work of John Ford, who shot four of his Western films in Castle Valley, east of Moab. In early 2014, Nolan visited southern Utah with key crew members and a location scout to explore the possibility of filming there, and promptly fell in love with the place. Location shooting for the pilot episode later occurred over five days in southern Utah, including Castle Valley. Most Utah locations, like Dead Horse Point State Park, were "walk-in" areas where both cast and crew were required to hike in and out with all their gear. Horseback riding scenes were filmed at a private ranch, where the filmmakers were not subject to as many restrictions as when working on public land. To seamlessly blend California sets with Utah scenery, set walls were shipped to Utah so that they could be used to film reverse angles of scenes originally filmed in California. For example, conversations on the exterior balcony of Westworld's operations center were shot on a balcony at the Skirball Center facing towards the center, then reverse angles over the shoulders of the cast members were shot at Dead Horse Point, to make it seem as if the operations center was located on top of the state park's steep cliffs. The train interior scenes were created by mounting the entire train car set on the back of a flatbed truck and driving the truck back and forth along Utah State Route 128.

The 3D printing of hosts was shot utilizing almost entirely practical effects, of which some were polished by the visual effects team. The series used real guns, although they were usually unloaded. Filming of nudity was conducted on a closed set, and for sex scenes, an intimacy coordinator was used.

In November 2018, some of the sets located at Paramount Ranch were destroyed by the Woolsey Fire. In July 2021, production on the fourth season was halted due to a positive COVID-19 case. In August 2021, it was reported that production on the fourth season had resumed at the Melody Ranch Studio in Newhall, CA. In an interview, actor Jeffrey Wright confirmed that filming for season four concluded in December 2021.

Design

Costumes
Costume designer Ane Crabtree approached her work by taking as inspiration the historical attire of the Wild West from the 1850s to the 1890s, as opposed to looking purely at Westerns films. Fabrics were custom-woven, dyed and printed for any actor with a speaking role, in order to capture the intricacies of the costumes (most of which were manufactured from scratch). Hat designs were the most challenging part of the process.

Title sequence
The series' title sequence was created by Elastic, a production studio that created the title sequences for three other HBO series: Rome, Carnivàle, and Game of Thrones. Patrick Clair acted as creative director for the title sequence, which took about five weeks to conceptualize.

Clair met with Nolan and Joy in February 2016. He was interested in their decision to approach the series' point of view from that of the hosts, creating a psychological study. The sequence translates elements present in the series via computer-aided design. For example, once Clair was sent footage by composer Ramin Djawadi of a player piano in motion, its actual counterpart, situated in the Westworld production office, was photographed and then reconstructed in computer-generated imagery. Nolan also applied the self-playing instrument as a reference to Kurt Vonnegut's first novel, Player Piano. It was meant to represent the first Rube Goldberg machine to evoke human motion. Clair saw the metaphor behind the player piano—"a primitive form of robot"—as an exploration into the disparity between man and machine "being created to be made redundant." Hosts that were bathed in white liquid struck Clair as a juxtaposition of the grit and grain of the Western genre with its basis in science fiction. Motifs of Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man came about from Clair's wish to convey Westworlds depiction of the naked human body. The sequence also refers to Chris Cunningham's 1999 music video for the Björk song "All Is Full of Love", in a way that Clair called "a bit shameless ... because I worship Chris Cunningham and ... it seemed like the perfect place to do it because it was dealing with all the right themes and all the right aesthetics."

The sequence commences with the rib cage of a horse, along with a set of hosts manufactured by industrial robots. The skeletal horse is shown in mid-gallop to subvert the iconography of such a depiction. As for Clair's efforts in exposing the Western landscapes in connection with a world of robotics, he thought it sensible that it be done inside a single eye; craters and valleys are formed as the simulacrum of an iris.

The second season introduces a new title sequence. Several elements from the original title sequence are changed, including the images of a horse, now replaced with a bison. Other new images in the title sequence include the Man in Black's black hat, a mother cradling her child (evocative of Maeve), and a blonde woman's hair being fabricated (representing Dolores). Ramin Djawadi's score stays the same, with the images of the player piano intact.

A new title sequence is introduced in the third season, which evokes more technological themes.  The bison is now replaced with an eagle, which is flying into a plane engine slowly turning into a pink sun that is causing the eagle's skin to deteriorate.  The background has also changed from the black-and-white colors to a brighter, more colorful tone.  It also showcases orbs that form into the appearance of a city, the two reflections of a Host converging together and opening their robotic faces, and a drone Host being created and put into a bath of red liquid (presumably blood).  Like the other sequences, this one continues to keep Djawadi's score and the piano player images, with the sole exception of the background being pink.

Music

Original music for the series is composed by Ramin Djawadi, who also worked with showrunner Nolan on Person of Interest. The main theme blends the use of bass notes, light arpeggios and melody, all of which complement the idea of an amusement park. The first season soundtrack was released on December 5, 2016.

The series prominently features a number of re-workings of popular songs for player piano and strings, among them Kanye West's "Runaway", Radiohead's "No Surprises", "Fake Plastic Trees", "Motion Picture Soundtrack" and "Exit Music (For a Film)"; Soundgarden's "Black Hole Sun"; The Rolling Stones' "Paint It Black"; "Pine Apple Rag" and "Peacherine Rag" by Scott Joplin; Claude Debussy's "Reverie for piano, L.68"; "A Forest" by The Cure; The Animals' version of "The House of the Rising Sun"; Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black", and Nine Inch Nails' "Something I Can Never Have". Licensing costs ranged from $15,000 to $55,000.

Djawadi said of the series' use of modern songs: "Westworld has an anachronistic feel to it, it's a Western theme park, and yet it has robots in it, so why not have modern songs? And that's a metaphor in itself, wrapped up in the overall theme of the show", but credited Nolan with the idea.

Release

Broadcast
The series premiered its ten-episode first season on October 2, 2016, in North America and Australia, and on October 4, 2016, in the UK and Ireland. The series is broadcast on HBO in the United States, on HBO Canada in Canada, on HBO Latin America in Latin America, in Australia on Fox Showcase, and in the UK and Ireland on Sky Atlantic. In New Zealand, the series is distributed by Sky's streaming service Neon.

The second episode was released on HBO in the U.S. on October 7—two days ahead of the episode's announced broadcast date—to avoid competing with the second U.S. presidential debate of 2016.

Marketing
Prior to the airing of Westworld, HBO held virtual reality exhibits at events like San Diego Comic-Con and Techcrunch Disrupt devoted to Westworld: A Delos Destination. Attendees were allowed to navigate the process by which guests would enter Westworld, and interact with the 3D environment. Made to run on the HTC Vive virtual reality headset, the piece was conceived by showrunners Nolan and Joy. It was designed using Unreal Engine 4, combining computer-generated content and live action 360-degree video. Users received a binary code, permitting access to the website DiscoverWestworld.com as part of a viral marketing campaign. Visitors were shown a trailer of a fictional travel site, leading them to order a trip to Westworld. A chatbot featured on the website, named Aeden, is available as a Google Assistant action on the smart speaker Google Home.

In March 2018, to promote Westworlds second season, HBO constructed a real-life replica of the show's fictional Western "town" of Sweetwater during South by Southwest, built on two acres of open land just outside Austin, Texas. Fans took shuttles to the site, which was dressed in the Old West style, with over 60 actors playing the parts of the android "hosts".

At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2020, prior to the third season, HBO held a special event hosted by "Incite", the fictional company to be introduced in the third season, with "hosts" attending the invited guests' needs.

Home media
The first season of Westworld (subtitled The Maze) was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on November 7, 2017. It is the first scripted TV series to be released on 4K Blu-ray in the United States. The second season was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Blu-ray on December 4, 2018. The third season was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Blu-ray on November 17, 2020. The fourth season was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Blu-ray on November 29, 2022.

Reception

Critical response

Season 1
The first season was acclaimed, with particular praise for its visuals, story, world-building, themes, and acting. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 87% based on 384 reviews, with an average rating of 8.15/10. The site's consensus reads "With an impressive level of quality that honors its source material, the brilliantly addictive Westworld balances intelligent, enthralling drama against outright insanity." On Metacritic, the first season has a score of 74 out of 100, based on reviews from 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

The editors of TV Guide placed Westworld fifth among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the 2016–17 season. In writer Tim Surette's overall review, he notes the perfect concept of blending the Western premise into a futuristic setting, saying, "Well, Westworld has both, ensuring that it will be an exciting mashup of genres that will disrupt a television landscape that typically says we can only have one or the other." He also added, "The look of the show and its fine cast swing open the saloon doors, but the real treat will be the intelligent discussion of whether or not robots will eventually kill us all. Thankfully, creator Jonathan Nolan already showed us he's the go-to guy for A.I. with Person of Interest." Mary McNamara of Los Angeles Times wrote in a lauded review, "It isn't just great television, it's vivid, thought-provoking television that entertains even as it examines the darker side of entertainment." For the San Francisco Chronicle, David Wiegand wrote, "Westworld isn't easy to understand at first, but you will be hooked nonetheless by unusually intelligent storytelling, powerful visuals and exceptionally nuanced performances." Times chief critic Daniel D'Addario wrote, "Its carefully chosen details add up to a pulp spectacular that's more thoughtful than any other of this fall's new dramas."

Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly also lauded the series and said, "The depth of Westworld lies not in asking questions about memory, free will, and what makes us human, but in whether we can become more human than what we let ourselves to be, whether our stories can be richer and more meaningful than what the culture allows." Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe quipped, "Westworld has fewer heroes than Game of Thrones, which makes it a bit harder to warm up to, but like a good, thought-provoking puzzle, it is compelling and addictive." In a brief review from The Hollywood Reporter, Tim Goodman said, "Where Westworld is at its best is in the deeper issues that will unspool slowly, like a good mystery. Early episodes are adept at getting at the base attractions of the park and why people would come, but also in setting up a sense of confusion about motives. ... The series benefits from a number of standout performances." Robert Bianco of USA Today wrote, "The reward, beyond the visual splendors you’ve come to expect from big-budget HBO productions, is a set of characters who grow ever more complex." Several other publications wrote positive reviews, including Indiewire, The A.V. Club, RogerEbert.com, The New Yorker, and The Atlantic.

In a mixed review for The New York Times, chief critic James Poniewozik said, "It's an ambitious, if not entirely coherent, sci-fi shoot-’em-up that questions nihilistic entertainment impulses while indulging them." Hank Stuever of The Washington Post also joins Poniewozik saying, "I'm ... hesitant to write Westworld off as a dreary trot from start to finish; parts of it are as imaginative and intriguing as anything that's been on TV recently, particularly in the sci-fi realm," and further said, "It’s definitely not the cyborg Deadwood, that some HBO fans were actively wishing for, nor does it roll out the welcome mat as a riveting, accessible adventure." Chief journalist Rob Owen of Pittsburgh Post-Gazette critiqued the series less favorably saying, "It is the definition of a slow-burn series, a program that should be exciting rendered as kind of dull." In a less enthusiastic review for Variety, Maureen Ryan said, "Westworld looks terrific; its directors have shot its Western locations to stunning effect. But its warmly saturated outdoor scenes and its surface slickness aren't enough to mask the indecision, condescension, and hollowness at its core."

Novelist Kim Wilkins critiqued the season for its misogynist portrayals. In her essay "These Violent Delights: Navigating Westworld as 'Quality' Television", she wrote:

Season 2
The second season also received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the performances, visuals, its soundtrack, and themes.  However, the plot and narrative was criticized for being confusing and inconsistent. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 85% based on 470 reviews, with an average rating of 7.95/10. The site's consensus reads "Westworld builds on its experimental first season, diving deeper into the human side of AI without losing any of its stylish, bloody glory." On Metacritic, the season has a score of 76 out of 100, based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

In April 2018, after the second-season premiere, Variety published an article concerning the series' complicated narrative. Andrew Wallenstein wrote, "Westworld seems to have too much faith viewers will be willing to absorb storylines that can border on the incomprehensible." He also commented about the possible future success of the series, stating, "There will be a very vocal core fan base willing to do the homework of piecing together the show's many mysteries, but that's not broad enough a base to be the kind of flagship series HBO wants." At the press tour of the Television Critics Association, when the president of HBO programming Casey Bloys was asked about the complexity of the series and the negative response it had generated, he admitted that Westworld is not for "casual viewers".

Season 3
The third season received a positive reception from critics, though reviews became more mixed during the second half.  While the visuals, acting, score, and setting expansion were praised, the script, dialogue, pacing, and narrative received polarizing responses; the plot was considered to be barely possible to understand, with many believing Westworld has departed too far from the main plot.  On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 73% based on 222 reviews, with an average rating of 7.05/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Westworld succeeds in rebooting itself by broadening its scope beyond the titular amusement park while tightening its storytelling clarity – although some may feel that the soul has been stripped from this machine in the process." On Metacritic, the season has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

CNNs Brian Lowry wrote that "the show has become increasingly incomprehensible, at least for anyone not willing to put in the work trying to remember all the assorted connections, further complicated by the fact that dying in Westworld is often not a permanent state of affairs, amid the questions about who's truly human and who actually isn't." Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Kristen Baldwin gave the series a "B−" and said: "After spending three seasons struggling through maddeningly complicated time-loops, it's time the writers let Dolores, Maeve, and Bernard control-alt-delete themselves", while Darren Franich wrote that series had "lost its way" and gave the season a "C". Reviewing the season finale for IndieWire, Ben Travers said: "Season 3 made a point of stripping away the rest of Westworlds building blocks: The park? Left behind. The maze? Gone. But the moral questions meant to keep you invested in the characters largely disappear, too. Season 3 doesn't bother developing its characters because it refuses to let them question the nature of their own reality."

Season 4
The fourth season received mixed-to-positive reviews, with praise for the performances, soundtrack, and visuals, but criticism for the script and its incomprehensible plot.  A few critics, however, found it a slight improvement to the third season.  On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 76% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Westworlds continued reliance on mystery will frustrate just as much as it intrigues, but this fourth season still offers plenty of gleaming and menacing insight into a brave new world." Metacritic assigned a score of 64 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Ratings
The series premiere had viewership numbers slightly less than those for True Detective, but much better than Vinyl, meaning that it was seen as "...off to a relatively promising start."  The U.S. series premiere attracted 1.96 million viewers, with 0.8 million in the advertiser-coveted 18-to-49-year-old demographic. The premiere episode received 3.3 million viewers for its three Sunday night airings as well as on HBO's streaming platforms. The season one finale received 2.2 million viewers for its initial broadcast, and increased to 3.5 million including replays and on-demand viewing. The first season had an average cumulative viewership of 12 million viewers, making it the most-watched first season of an HBO series, and TorrentFreak gauged Westworld as the third-most-torrented television show of 2016.

Accolades

Notes

References

External links

2010s American drama television series
2010s American science fiction television series
2010s Western (genre) television series
2016 American television series debuts
2020s American drama television series
2020s American science fiction television series
2020s Western (genre) television series
2022 American television series endings
Androids in television
Dystopian television series
English-language television shows
Existentialist television series
Fiction about artificial intelligence
Fiction about memory erasure and alteration
Hard science fiction
HBO original programming
Live action television shows based on films
Nonlinear narrative television series
Nudity in television
Philosophical fiction
Philosophy television series
Post-traumatic stress disorder in fiction
Primetime Emmy Award-winning television series
Saturn Award-winning television series
Science fiction Westerns
Serial drama television series
Television series about robots
Television series by Bad Robot Productions
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television series created by Jonathan Nolan
Television series set in the 2050s
Television series by Home Box Office
Television shows based on works by Michael Crichton
Television shows filmed in Los Angeles
Television shows filmed in Utah
Transhumanism in television series

Works by Lisa Joy


title: Shahba, Hama

text:
Shahba, Hama ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shahba, Hama had a population of 833 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Trichillurges brasiliensis

text:
Trichillurges brasiliensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1935


title: Trichillurges conspersus

text:
Trichillurges conspersus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Shuhayb

text:
Sheheib ()  is a Syrian village located in Sabburah Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sheheib had a population of 567 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Salamiyah District


title: Trichillurges maculatus

text:
Trichillurges maculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Monné in 1974.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1974


title: Trichillurges meridanus

text:
Trichillurges meridanus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichillurges olivaceus

text:
Trichillurges olivaceus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichillurges simplex

text:
Trichillurges simplex is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Monné in 1974.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1974


title: Santa Maria degli Angeli alle Croci

text:
Santa Maria degli Angeli alle Croci is a Baroque style, Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy, located on via Veterinaria, near the Botanical Gardens. The extramural church gained its name because the road leading up to this hill here passed a series of crosses.

History
The church was founded in 1581, but underwent reconstruction in 1638 by the architect Cosimo Fanzago. He avoided the prevalent polychrome marble decoration of churches, and adhered to the characteristic plainness of many Observant Franciscan Order churches. The columns from within the church were likely appropriated from another older church. The main altar has 17th century wooden statues by Fra' Diego da Careri. The statue of St Francis and putti on the facade are attributed by some to Fanzago, but some documents point to a little known Franciscan friar-sculptor. Fanzago also sculpted the statues of St Peter and St Paul for the holy water fonts. His son Carlo Fanzago sculpted a bas-relief for the main altar depicting the Deposed Christ. The Cloister has frescoes depicting Gospel stories by Belisario Corenzio.

The church was associated with the Franciscan friar Giovanni da Napoli. This friar was a key intermediary in arranging the marriage of the Viceroy Duke of Medina with Anna Carafa. The friar became personal acquaintance of the Spanish king, Philip IV of Spain, and in 1638, through the intervention of cardinal Francesco Barberini, he was appointed general of Osservanza dei Francescani Riformati by Pope Urban VIII, and the next year elected general the Franciscan Order, and then in 1645 at Toledo, Minister General of the Order. He died in 1648 as Archbishop of Valencia.

Since 1815, the monastery has housed the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Naples.

References

External links

Churches in Naples
Baroque architecture in Naples


title: Trichonius affinis

text:
Trichonius affinis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Trichonius atlanticus

text:
Trichonius atlanticus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Trichonius bellus

text:
Trichonius bellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Trichonius griseus

text:
Trichonius griseus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Trichonius minimus

text:
Trichonius minimus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Mermudes in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Hostage Calm / Anti-Flag

text:
Hostage Calm/Anti-Flag is a split EP between American punk rock bands Hostage Calm and Anti-Flag. The EP was released on February 26, 2013 through Run For Cover Records and A-F Records. This release marked the last appearance by drummer John Ross who left the band in April 2013.

Track listing

Personnel
Hostage Calm
Tom Chiari - Lead Guitar
Tim Casey - Bass, Vocals
Chris Martin - Lead Vocals, Guitars, Piano
Nick Balzano - Guitar, Backing Vocals
John Ross - Drums

Anti-Flag
Justin Sane – Guitar, Vocals
Chris #2 – Bass, Vocals
Chris Head – Guitar, Vocals
Pat Thetic – Drums

Additional Personnel
Chris Teti - Engineer, Mixing (track 1)
Greg Thomas - Engineer, Mixing (track 1)
Mass Giorgini - Mastering (track 2)
Justin Francis - Mixing (track 2)
Dan Coutant - Mastering (track 1)
Adam Vass - Artwork

References

2013 EPs
Split EPs
Run for Cover Records EPs


title: Trichonius fasciatus

text:
Trichonius fasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Trichonius picticollis

text:
Trichonius picticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Trichonius quadrivittatus

text:
Trichonius quadrivittatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1864.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Trichonyssodrys aureopilosus

text:
Trichonyssodrys aureopilosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichonyssodrys cinctus

text:
Trichonyssodrys cinctus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Delfino in 1981.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1981


title: Trichonyssodrys maculatus

text:
Trichonyssodrys maculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1957.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1957


title: Trichonyssodrys melasmus

text:
Trichonyssodrys melasmus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Delfino in 1981.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1981


title: Trichotithonus curvatus

text:
Trichotithonus curvatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885. This beetle is native to South and Central America.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1885


title: Trichotithonus albidus

text:
Trichotithonus albidus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichotithonus albosetosus

text:
Trichotithonus albosetosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichotithonus conspectus

text:
Trichotithonus conspectus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichotithonus tavakiliani

text:
Trichotithonus tavakiliani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Josh Garrett

text:
Josh Garrett is an American athlete, hiker and veganism activist. In 2013 he set a world record for the overall fastest known time for a thru hike of the Pacific Crest Trail, which traverses the American Cordillera of the United States from Campo, at the Mexican border, to Manning Park in British Columbia.

Life
Garrett was born in Los Angeles in 1982. He attended and competed for Santa Monica College in 2001, placing in the state's top 10 for the 1500-meter run. He has a Master's Degree in Exercise Science from Long Beach State University and works as an exercise physiology teacher and cross country coach at Santa Monica College.

Record time
In 2013 Garrett broke the record for the overall fastest known time for a thru hike of the Pacific Crest Trail,  which traverses the West Coast of the United States from Campo, at the Mexican border, to Manning Park in British Columbia.  Garrett started the 2663 mile hike on June 10, 2013, and finished on August 8, achieving the record with a time of 59 days, 8 hours and 14 minutes, averaging  45 miles per day. He was the first person to hike the trail in under 60 days. He held the record for the fastest known time until August 10, 2014.

Garrett hiked to raise money for the charity group Mercy for Animals,  his hike being described in the press as a "mission" for the animals.  In media interviews about his record Garrett spoke mostly about his cause. He told National Public Radio, "We don’t need to eat meat or any animal products in order to be healthy or in order to be strong, and I just wanted to go out there and prove that -- and I hope I did.”  When the Los Angeles radio station, KNX, named Garrett their "hero of the week,"  Garrett said in the segment, "I did it to raise awareness that this sort of feat of endurance could be powered by a vegan diet… No matter how hard it was I just kept reminding myself that what I was going through was nothing compared to what animals are going through on factory farms."

References

1982 births
American veganism activists
Hikers
Living people


title: Trichotithonus tenebrosus

text:
Trichotithonus tenebrosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichotithonus venezuelensis

text:
Trichotithonus venezuelensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Trichotithonus viridis

text:
Trichotithonus viridis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Tropanisopodus andinus

text:
Tropanisopodus andinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1960.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1960


title: Tropanisopodus tachira

text:
Tropanisopodus tachira is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Monne in 2007.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2007


title: Hoveton Hall

text:
Hoveton Hall in the parish of Hoveton in Norfolk is a Regency-style country house made of gault brick with a slate roof. It was built between 1809 and 1812, on or near the site of the previous ancient manor house of the same name, by Mrs Christabell Burroughes (1764-1843), daughter and heiress of Henry Negus (1734-1807) of Hoveton Hall, an attorney, and wife of James Burkin Burroughes (1760-1803) of Burlingham Hall, Norfolk. The architect was Humphry Repton. It is a well-preserved historic house of significance on the English Heritage Register. The Negus family had been seated at Hoveton Hall for several generations.
The surrounding estate today consists of 120 acres of gardens and parkland and 450 acres of arable land as well as picturesque woodland. The gardens are open to the public during part of the year and there are facilities available for accommodation and special events including weddings.

Early History of Hoveton Hall Estate

The exact site of the previous manor house, also called Hoveton Hall, demolished when the new house was built in 1809, is unknown as no part of it survives. However Basil Cozens-Hardy concluded, having analysed old maps and data: "it would seem that the original Hall was near the kitchen garden in the park, as a map and schedule of about 1840 (see map below) calls the field to the south-west "the Old Hall Close” (a "close" being an old term for an enclosed field). Moreover in Faden’s map of 1797 (see image) the Hall is shown at this point with an avenue running down to the road."

Christabell Burroughes
The builder of Hoveton Hall was Mrs Christabell Burroughes who commissioned Humphry Repton to construct the new mansion in 1809.

Christabell was born in 1764, the daughter and heiress of Henry Negus (1734-1807) of Hoveton Hall and of Bungay in Suffolk. The Negus family had been seated at Hoveton Hall for at least five generations, the head of the family always being given the first name Henry.

In 1789 Christabell married James Burkin Burroughes who had inherited Burlingham Hall in Norfolk (now demolished). The couple lived at Burlingham Hall for some time but in 1803 at the early age of 43 James died leaving Christabell to care for seven sons and one daughter.

She remained at Burlingham Hall for several years until the death of her father in 1807, when she inherited from him the Hoveton estate with its old manor house. Possibly because her eldest son, Henry Negus Burroughes (1791-1872) (later an MP for Norfolk), then a minor, was due to reach his majority of 21 in 1812 and thereupon inherit his paternal estate of Burlingham Hall, she decided to build a new house for herself at Hoveton. By 1812 the new house was complete and she moved there from Burlingham Hall with her younger children. She suffered a severe loss three years later when two of her sons James and Edward, students at Cambridge University, died within a week of each other due to an outbreak of an infectious fever.

Christabell was a skilled gardener and was mentioned frequently in the gardening literature of the time. She had built the walled garden by 1828 as it is shown on the Enclosure Map of 1828. In 1841 the botanist James Grigor visited Hoveton Hall and gave a very favourable account of the garden, commenting:
"Though evening was darkening around us when we visited this place, we had sufficient time to perceive that it ranks deservedly high as a seat of general excellence ... Whilst the flower-garden here is of such perfect character, the scenes of the shrubbery and pleasure-ground are of an equally interesting description. The shrubbery is a well-managed piece of work, successfully blended with the lawn of the pleasure-ground, and though modern, already contributing to the general beauty of the place. The most elegant part of the picture lies betwixt the Hall and the kitchen-garden, a locality which art has rendered very ornamental, and where the shrubs are assuming a high degree of beauty. The whole place is so judiciously laid out, that we hazard the opinion that it has been done by someone who has become eminent in his profession. The trees here form a grand sight. They are chiefly of the oak tribe, and at the south-west side of the mansion they rise in the form of an avenue. The elegant manner in which this seat is kept, combined with the extensive and well-assorted collection of flowers and shrubs which it contains, merits our highest praise."

In 1843 Christabell died and her eldest son Henry Negus Burroughes inherited Hoveton Hall.

Negus family of Hoveton
The descent of the Negus family of Hoveton was as follows:
Henry Negus of Hoveton St Peter, who married Mary Loveland, daughter of John Loveland, hosier and Alderman of Norwich.
Elizabeth Negus (1637-1706), daughter, who married Thomas Blofeld (c.1635-1708), 6 times MP for Norwich; the arms of Blofeld impaling Negus were sculpted on the front of Hoveton House, in the parish of Hoveton St John, which he built.
Henry Negus of Hoveton, son, who married Deborah Richardson;
Henry Negus (born c.1668- ) son, of Hoveton St Peter, Secretary to the Duke of Norfolk and Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk in 1685, Capt. of Militia in 1687. He married Sarah Fowle (Fowke?), daughter of ... Fowle (Fowke?) of Yarmouth;
Sarah Negus (1692-1758), daughter, who married Thomas Blofeld (1697-1766) of the Middle Temple and of Hoveton House. Their only child and heiress was Sarah Blofeld (1734-1817), who married her cousin John Blofeld, who inherited Hoveton Hall;
Henry Negus (1685-1727), son, who married Christiana Palgrave, a daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Palgrave of Norwich, a brewer;
Henry Negus (born 1708) of Hoveton Hall, son, Sheriff of Norfolk in 1740 and Customer (of the Port of Yarmouth?) who married Christabella Johnson, daughter of .... Johnson;
Henry Negus (born 1734), son, of Bungay and Hoveton Hall, an attorney, who in 1761 married Mary D'Eye, a daughter and co-heiress of Thomas D'Eye; His funeral hatchment survives in Hoveton Church;
Chrisabelle Negus (d.1843), daughter and heiress of Hoveton Hall, who in 1779/80 married James Burkin Burroughes (1760-1803) of Burlingham Hall, Norfolk;
Henry Negus Burroughes (1791-1872), son, MP for Norfolk, who in 1818 married firstly Jane Hoste, sister of Sir William Hoste, 1st Baronet.

Henry Negus Burroughes
After he inherited Hoveton Hall in 1843 Henry Negus Burroughes retained Burlingham Hall as his main residence and his younger brother William Burroughes lived at Hoveton Hall for some time.

In about 1850 Hoveton was let to John Gurney (1809-1856) and his wife Laura, whose daughter Catherine Gurney was born there. The prominent and wealthy Gurney family had established the Norwich Bank in Norfolk and John's father the banker Samuel Gurney (1786-1856) was a noted philanthropist. John Gurney moved to his ancestral home Earlham Court a few years later and died there in 1856 at the age of only 44 leaving Laura to care for the children. A century later John's great-grandson Desmond Gurney Buxton purchased Hoveton Hall and lived there for many years (see below).

After John Gurney quitted Hoveton Hall it became the home of the Reverend Randall Burroughes (1829-1872) who moved there with his family. Randall Burroughes was the son of Henry Negus Burroughes, the son of Hoveton's builder. In 1852 he married Emily Harbord, the daughter of Edward Harbord, 3rd Baron Suffield. The couple lived at Hoveton Hall until Randall's death in 1872. In the same year Henry Negus Burroughes died and Hoveton Hall was sold to Sir Jacob Henry Preston in 1873.

Sir Jacob Henry Preston
Sir Jacob Henry Preston (1812-1891) owned nearby Beeston Hall where he continued to live after he purchased Hoveton Hall. He was related to the Burroughes family by marriage as his sister Pleasance Preston had married Jeremiah Burroughes a younger son of Christabell. After Sir Jacob Preston died in 1891 Hoveton Hall was inherited by his son and subsequently his grandson, Sir Jacob Preston (1887-1818), neither of whom appear to have lived there, instead letting it to tenants.

John Barwell (1825-1912) a wealthy wine merchant and his wife Sabine rented the house from about 1875 until after 1881. A later tenant was Sir James William Malcolm, a captain in the Royal Pembroke Artillery Militia, who lived there from about 1890 to after 1901.

Twentieth Century Owners

In 1912 Sir Jacob Preston, whose grandfather had purchased it, sold Hoveton Hall to the Reverend John Hare Beevor (1861-1914), whose widow Susan continued to live there until 1919 when it was sold.

The new owner was Geoffrey Fowell Buxton (1852-1929), a director of Barclay Bank and a soldier, the second in command of the 1st Battalion of the Norfolk Regiment. In 1903 he served as the Mayor of Norwich. When he died in 1929 his widow Mary put the property on the market.

George Cradock bought the house but his wife Eunice having died in 1934 he put the property up for sale the following year. The purchaser was Captain Henry Douglas Clark (1889-1952), the son of a prominent shipbuilder, who made substantial renovations. Finally in 1946 Desmond Buxton bought Hoveton Hall and it has remained in the Buxton family since then.

References

External links
 Hoveton Hall Estate

Country houses in Norfolk
Gardens in Norfolk
Houses completed in 1812
Regency architecture in England


title: James Clark (American football)

text:
James A. Clark was an American football running back who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He played college football at the University of Pittsburgh and attended The Kiski School in Saltsburg, Pennsylvania.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1909 births
Year of death missing
American football running backs
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
Pittsburgh Pirates (football) players
The Kiski School alumni


title: Ichirō Komatsu

text:
was a Japanese diplomat, civil servant and politician.

Overviews
Entered Seiko Gakuin Junior and Senior High School. After passing the foreign affairs public service class I examination (=diplomat recruitment examination), he dropped out of Hitotsubashi University's Faculty of Law after three years and entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1972.He was appointed the Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, a highly influential post, by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in August 2013. The Cabinet Legislation Bureau advises Cabinet members on laws and legal matters, studies legislation, and determines how the government should interpret the Constitution of Japan. He stepped down from the position in May 2014 due to declining health from cancer. Komatsu had previously served as Japan's ambassador to France, Switzerland and Liechtenstein earlier in his career.

Born in 1951, Komatsu graduated from Hitotsubashi University. He joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as the ministry's director-general for international legal affairs.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe unilaterally appointed Komatsu as Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau in August 2013. Komatsu was the first Foreign Ministry official to be appointed to the post. Abe and Komatsu shared similar beliefs that Japan's pacifist Constitution should be revised to allow for more military involvement overseas. Komatsu supported Abe's efforts to skirt Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution to increase Japan's security role on the international stage.

Ichiro Komatsu died from cancer on June 23, 2014, at the age of 63.

References

1951 births
2014 deaths
Government ministers of Japan
Ambassadors of Japan to France
Ambassadors of Japan to Switzerland
Hitotsubashi University alumni