title: Narcissister

text:
Narcissister is an American, Brooklyn-based, feminist performance artist, born of Moroccan Jewish and African-American descent. Narcissister's work tends to focus on race, gender, and sexuality, using her slight anonymity to explore such topics controversially. In February 2013, she headlined her first solo gallery. She was a contestant on America's Got Talent. The Huffington Post declared her the "topless feminist superhero of New York". She prefers her identity remain secret.

Art and performance
Narcissister studied dance at Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City before turning that skill into a more interdisciplinary performance. She then worked as a window stylist and designer while completing the Whitney Independent Study Program and performing at burlesque shows around New York. Most of her work tends to be very sexualized and sexually charged, dealing mostly with women and female sexuality with reoccurring uses of a merkin and items being held in bodily orifices.  She has been known for bridging the gap between past and present feminist art.  She has acknowledged previous inspirations like Adrian Piper, Marina Abramović, and Carolee Schneemann; however, her work seeks to use humor, irony, and sex beyond a singular political stance.

Her name comes from the combination of "narcissist" and "sister", exercising the language of racial and gender identity as well as self-loving absorption.  It alludes to the work she produces, work that lies in the intersection of gender, race, and radical self-acceptance.  Her background in African American dance, training in Black feminist arts, and her exhibitions consisting solely of African artists shows her extensive admiration and appreciation for Black bodies.

Narcissister in the mainstream
In 2011, Narcissister was picked as one of the 30 young artists to recreate the various pieces—specifically the Luminosity piece—from the Marina Abramović retrospective The Artist is Present performance piece at MoMA. These pieces were all recreations of past pieces done by Abramovic throughout her career. In 2011, Narcissister was also asked to be the date of and accompany goth singer Marilyn Manson to various events in California surrounding the screening of his film Born Villain. She currently holds a residency at the downtown club and performance venue The Box Soho.

Work and collaborations

The Beginning - 2014
Narcisisster's use of masks and mannequins was initiated in her first public performance, called The Mannequin. However, according to her that's the only consistent element in her work, explaining how its continuously evolving adding so many layers.  Her most notable works include I'm Every Woman, a piece named after the song by Chaka Khan, in which she coined the term "reverse strip tease," by pulling clothing out of her bodily orifices and getting dressed that way.  She performed this piece at Montreal's Edgy Women festival in 2011. Narcissister is also well known for her 2008 film The Self-Gratifier, a piece in which she constructs an abstract bicycle machine, connecting it to whips that whip the body as the machine is being used. The Self-Gratifier won the Best Use of a Sex Toy award at the Good Vibrations Erotic Film Festival that same year. Burka Barbie consists of an elaborate dance routine fantasy sequence and Hot Dog consists of her emerging as a wiener from a hot dog bun. Most recently she worked on a movement about women's top freedom in NYC, consisting of up to 30 women, all wearing the classic Narcissister mask walking around in their daily lives topless. This piece ended with an outside viewing of the videos at a Newsstand on Canal Street, a gallery space called Petrella’s Imports. Another more recent work of hers is Organ Player, a full length cabaret piece in which Narcissister embodies multiple parts of the body, including but not limited to the hand, the breasts, the mouth, and the vagina. Her piece Winter/Spring Collection was a collaboration with A.L. Steiner for MOCAtv.

She held an exhibition in New York in 2013 called Narcissister is You. The exhibit showed her unedited video project where willing participants were invited to step behind her famous mask and explore her artistic process in their own way, highlighting Freud's two types of narcissism "primary" and "secondary". This exhibit included a sculpture installation as well, which invited spectators to identify with her image presented in the mirror. While attempting to get viewers to identify what it is in the "self" image that gets us to fall in love with it, it also beckons the question how can such beauty be admired in an artificially constructed subject.

As a side project, Narcissister also collaborates musically with the electronic and noise musician EarthMasters, and their first 10-track album, Subliminal Weight Loss, was released in October 2014.

2015 - Present
In Marilyn (2016), Narcissister enacts a reverse strip tease by gradually dressing herself through garments pulled out of her vagina; ultimately, dressing identical to the original Hollywood blonde bombshell.  The performance illustrates many of the defining concerns of her practice, of femininity and beauty, glamour and artifice.  Two years later, she had a solo art exhibit at PARTICIPANT INC. Studies for Participatory Sculptures, which involved over two hundred collages, sculptures, and a large totemic sculpture that was central to the exhibit.  Through this work, the pornographic nature of them serve to both accept and refuse the historical representation of the feminine in art and pornography. Then in 2019, she premiered a short film, Breast Work, at the Sundance Film Festival.  By showing her breast in public, Narcissister is able to explore how restrictions on "female toplessness are grounded in fear of, and desire to control, the female body."

Awards and honors
Narcissister won a Bessie Award in 2013 for her project Organ Player.  Two years later, she won a Creative Capital grant for the same project.  She was also a recipient of the Theo Westenberger Grant.

References

Literature
Ariel Osterweis (2015): Public Pubic: Narcissister's Performance of Race, Disavowal, and Aspiration. In: The Drama Review, Volume 59, Number 4, Winter 2015, pp. 101–116.
Sylvia Sadzinski (2017): Narcissister is You: radikaler Narzissmus, Kollektivität und das posthumane Subjekt. In: Änne Söll, Linda Hentschel (Ed.): kritische berichte 4.2016. Gend_r. Jonas Verlag.

External links

Living people
Date of birth unknown
21st-century American women artists
American women performance artists
American performance artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American artists


title: Lourdes Munguía

text:
Lourdes Munguía (born Lourdes María Guadalupe Munguía Gasque; December 12, 1960 in Mexico City, D.F., Mexico) is a Mexican actress.

Filmography

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican film actresses
20th-century Mexican actresses
21st-century Mexican actresses
Actresses from Mexico City


title: Sartoria, Nebraska

text:
Sartoria is an unincorporated community in Sartoria Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States.

History
A post office was established at Sartoria in 1886, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1924. The name Sartoria was coined by a pioneer settler because he imagined it would be easy for anyone to pronounce.

References

Unincorporated communities in Buffalo County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Dallas High School (Texas)

text:
Dallas High School was a public secondary school in Dallas, Texas. It is the alma mater of several notable Americans, including former U.S. Attorney General and Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark. Built in 1907, the 3.5-story classical revival structure is located in the downtown City Center District next to the Pearl/Arts District DART light rail station.

History
Dallas High School changed names several times, becoming Main High School in 1916, Bryan Street High School in 1917, Dal-Tech High School in 1928, Crozier Technical High School in 1942, and Business Magnet School in 1976. The school closed in 1995.

The school campus was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Dallas High School Historic District in 1996. The historic district comprises five contributing properties:
Auditorium and Classroom Building, 1907
Girls' Gymnasium and Manual Training Building, 1919-1920
Classroom Building, 1930
Arts and Science Building, 1941
Boys' Gymnasium and Dressing Room, 1954

After being vacant for over 20 years, the building was renovated to become a mixed-use development with the first tenant arriving in 2017.

Notable alumni
 Tom C. Clark
 C. Wright Mills
 Mike McKool, Sr.
 Gordon Kidd Teal

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
List of Dallas Landmarks

References

External links

1907 establishments in Texas
1995 disestablishments in Texas
Educational institutions disestablished in 1995
Educational institutions established in 1907
Former high schools in Texas
Former school buildings in the United States
Neoclassical architecture in Texas
Public high schools in Dallas
School buildings completed in 1907
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas


title: 2014–15 Azerbaijan Cup

text:
The 2014–15 Azerbaijan Cup was the 23rd season of the annual cup competition in Azerbaijan. The final of the cup has  been played on 3 June 2015.

First round
The First Round games were drawn on 15 October 2014.

Second round
The Two winners of the First Round will progress to the Second Round, which was drawn on 15 October 2014.

Quarterfinals
The eight winners from the Second Round are drawn into four two-legged ties.

Semifinals
The four winners from the Quarterfinals were drawn into two two-legged ties.

Final

Scorers
5 goals:
 Vüqar Nadirov, Qarabağ

4 goals:

 Dragan Ćeran, Simurq
 Reynaldo, Qarabağ

3 goals:
 Nicolás Canales, Neftchi Baku

2 goals:

 Bakhtiyar Soltanov, Gabala
 Arif Dashdemirov, Inter Baku
 Bachana Tskhadadze, Inter Baku
 Röyal Nəcəfov, MOIK Baku
 Ernest Nfor, Neftchi Baku
 Javid Taghiyev, Qarabağ

1 goal:

 Freddy Mombongo-Dues, AZAL
 Lasha Kasradze, AZAL
 Pavol Farkaš, Gabala
 Mirsahib Abbasov, Inter Baku
 Afran Ismayilov, Inter Baku
 Asif Mammadov, Inter Baku
 Elvin Mammadov, Inter Baku
 Mikel Álvaro, Inter Baku
 Räfael Qävami, MOIK Baku
 Mahammad Aliyev, Neftchala
 Ruslan Qurbanov, Neftchi Baku
 Denis Silva, Neftchi Baku
 Julius Wobay, Neftchi Baku
 Maksim Medvedev, Qarabağ
 Richard Almeida, Qarabağ
 Muarem Muarem, Qarabağ
 Innocent Emeghara, Qarabağ
 Ramil Nuriyev, Qaradağ
 Ali Gökdemir, Simurq
 Rashad Eyyubov, Simurq
 Benjamin Lambot, Simurq
 Stjepan Poljak, Simurq
 Marko Stanojević, Simurq

Own goals:
 Alfred Sankoh (4 March 2015 vs Inter Baku)

Notes
Qarabağ have played their home games at the Tofiq Bahramov Stadium since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in Quzanlı.
Following Araz-Naxçıvan's withdrawal from the Azerbaijan Premier League, Khazar Lankaran were awarded the victory.

References

Azerbaijan Cup seasons
Azerbaijan Cup
Azerbaijan Cup


title: Armandinho

text:
Armandinho may refer to:

 Armandinho (Brazilian guitarist) (born 1953), Brazilian MPB guitarist and singer from Bahia
 Armandinho (singer) (born 1970), Brazilian reggae singer from Rio Grande do Sul
 Armandinho (fado guitarist)  (1891–1946), Portuguese fado guitarist
 Armandinho (footballer) (1911–1972), Brazilian footballer
 Armandinho Manjate (born 1965), former footballer and coach


title: Gawad Urian for Best Actor

text:
The Gawad Urian Best Actor, (officially, the Pinakamahusay na Pangunahing Aktor) is a movie award given by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (Filipino Film Critics) to lead actors in a Philippine movie.

Winners and nominees
In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Superlatives

Multiple awards for Best Actor
Three awards
Richard Gomez
Phillip Salvador

Two awards
Eddie Garcia
Raymond Bagatsing
Christopher de Leon
Sid Lucero
Vic Silayan
Joel Torre

References

Film awards for lead actor
Philippine film awards
Awards established in 1977


title: Evaru Meelo Koteeswarulu

text:
Evaru Meelo Koteeswarulu (), previously known as Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu, is an Indian Telugu-language television game show. It is the official Telugu adaptation of Britain's game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. It was produced by BIG Synergy for first four seasons and was aired on Star Maa. The first three seasons were hosted by actor Nagarjuna and the fourth season was hosted by actor Chiranjeevi.

In 2021, after the completion of the first four seasons (2014–2017), the show was revamped with a new title Evaru Meelo Koteeswarulu under the production of Studio Next with Sun TV Network buying its broadcasting rights. It started to air on Gemini TV from 22 August 2021 to 5 December 2021, with N. T. Rama Rao Jr. as the host.

Series overview

History and production

Debut (2014–2019)
In March 2014, reports emerged that Nagarjuna would host the Telugu version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? and the makers were in talks with him. With Nagarjuna confessing that he wanted to be a television game show host, the reports gained prominence. There were reports that Nagarjuna charged 3 crores for hosting 40 episodes for the first season. The reports of Nagarjuna's inclusion were confirmed in early April 2014 and Nagarjuna participated in the promo shoots. The official announcement was made on 18 April 2014 and the show was titled Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu aired on MAA TV. The game show was launched in an event at Hyderabad. Nagarjuna and his wife Amala were present at the event, as were Allu Aravind, MAA TV Chairman Nimmagadda Prasad, CMD of BIG Synergy Siddhartha Basu and his wife Anitha. To introduce and educate the viewers about the show, Nagarjuna was seated on the hot seat and Amala took the role of host and asked questions about their personal life which were answered by Nagarjuna. Nagarjuna, Allu Aravind, Nimmagadda Prasad, and Siddhartha Basu spoke to the media about the game show.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nagarjunas-meelo-evaru-koteeswarudu--launched-grandly-tamil-news-106382|title=Nagarjuna's Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu " launched grandly|website=IndiaGlitz|date=18 April 2014|access-date=31 July 2014}}</ref>

The Call for Entry (CFE) was announced on 24 April 2014. The makers asked registrants to answer the five questions asked by replying with an SMS. The registration lines were closed on May 1, 2014, and the selection process was supervised by Ernst & Young. The channel's call for participants received more than a million entries, of which 1500 were shortlisted through the randomized process. From among them, 100 contestants were selected through auditions in Vijayawada, Tirupati, and Hyderabad. The show was announced to go on the air on 9 June 2014 at 9:00 PM and by 6 June 2014 Nagarjuna completed shooting of 6 episodes. Nine participants from different socioeconomic backgrounds played the game in each episode. Every contestant's back-end story was recorded and addressed in the show. The prize money ranged from 1,000/- to 1 crore/- ,and the rules were the same as the Hindi version. Those who answered all 15 questions correctly would win 1 crore. The show initially ran from 9:00 PM to 10:30 PM from Mondays to Thursdays, but it was later changed from Sunday to Thursday because of the show's success.

The shoot of 40 episodes of the first season ended on 18 July 2014 and the last episode of the first season was aired on 7 August 2014. In addition to contestants, celebrities such as Vidya Balan Shriya Saran, Allari Naresh, Naga Chaitanya, Vishal, Jhansi, Suma Kanakala, Pooja Hegde, Charmme, Lakshmi Manchu, Kajal Aggarwal and Chiranjeevi made guest appearances on the show.

Season 3 started on 26 November 2015, with a special theme of Jodi (couple). As the first step towards the launch of MEK Season 3, the CFE for the registration process commenced on 9 October and would continue for 10 days. As part of the CFE process, one question was broadcast every day at 7:00 PM on Maa TV. Those who were interested could respond before 6.30 PM the next day.

Season 4 was launched on 13 February 2017, hosted by Chiranjeevi.

 Revival (2020–Present)
In late 2020, the show makers planned the brand new season of the series on Gemini TV, broadcasting the show for the first time with N. T. Rama Rao Jr. as a host. The title and logo of the show also changed during this time. In March 2021, it was reported that the filming would begin with a live audience. However, it was indefinitely postponed due to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Popular television director Arun Sheshkumar was roped in to direct the first few episodes of this season. Filming started on 10 July 2021, with Rama Rao joining the production. The first schedule of the shoot lasted for ten days. A celebrity guest episode featuring Ram Charan was also shot during the schedule.

Format
The standard Who Wants to be a Millionaire?'' format is used, with the Fastest Finger contest before the main game.

Game rules

The money won after each question is roughly doubled from the previous amount won, exponentially increasing the amount won after each correct answer until the contestant reaches the final question, when they win the maximum prize (₹1 crore/-).

Lifelines
A contestant can use a lifeline when he/she is undecided about which answer is correct. A lifeline can only be used once.
 Audience Poll: If the contestant uses this lifeline, it will result in the host repeating the question to the audience. The studio audience gets 10 seconds to answer the question. Audience members use touch pads to designate what they believe the correct answer to be. After the audience has chosen their choices, the results are displayed to the contestant in percentages in bar-graph format and also shown on the monitors screens of the host and contestant, as well as the TV viewers.
 Phone a Friend: If the contestant uses this lifeline, the contestant is allowed to call one of the three pre-arranged friends, who all have to provide their phone numbers in advance. The host usually starts off by talking to the contestant's friend and introduces him/her to the viewers. After the introduction, the host hands the phone call over to the contestant who then immediately has 30 seconds to ask and hope for a reply from their friend. In season 5, the lifeline was renamed to "Video Call a Friend." Instead of three pre-arranged friends, instead, there are five.
 Fifty-Fifty (50/50): If the contestant uses this lifeline, the host will ask the computer to randomly remove and eliminate two of the "wrong" answers. This will leave one right answer and one wrong answer, resulting in a situation of eliminating 50% of the choices as well as having a 50% chance of getting the answer right if the contestant is in a situation of making a guess.
Double Dip: This lifeline allows the contestant to make two guesses at a question. Getting both answers incorrect results in the contestant's winnings dropping back down to the last milestone achieved. This lifeline differs from others in that once the player has chosen to use this lifeline, he/she must answer the question, and cannot walk away or use any further lifelines on that question.
Code Red: The lifeline, which gives the opportunity for the contestant's family members to warn the contestant if they feel the answer is wrong. Removed in season four.

Records
In the first 3 seasons, no one won the ₹1 crore/- prize in the show. However, in Season 3, two pairs of contestants, Husband-Wife duo Amarnath - Rohita from Vizag, and Mother-Son duo Uma - Aditya, also from Vizag, each won ₹50 lakhs/- and both attempted the ₹1 crore/- question accurately after quitting. However, in the 1st season of the revived version of the show, Raja Ravindra, a Sub Inspector from Hyderabad, became the first contestant out of all 5 seasons to win the ₹1 crore/- prize.

Reception

As per the TAM data, MEK has recorded 17.61 TVR in CS Female AB 25-44 Years category, 14.58 TVR in CS Female ABC 25+ years category, 10.20 TVR in CS Male ABC 15+ Years category, 12.31 TVR in CS ABC 15-44 Years category and 10.15 TVR in CS 4+ Years category, which is a record of sort for a game show in Telugu.

One of the episodes in mid-June 2014 garnered a rating of 9.7 TVR and averaged 6.7 TVR that week becoming the fourth most-watched Telugu GEC at that time. The following month it garnered its peak rating of 10.8 TVR, consistently maintaining its position in top Telugu GEC since four weeks.

References

External links

Indian game shows
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Star Maa original programming
Gemini TV original programming
2014 Indian television series debuts
Telugu-language television shows


title: Burma (film)

text:
Burma is a 2014  Tamil language crime thriller directed by Dharani Dharan and produced by Sudharshan Vembutty under the banner Square Stone Films. It stars Michael Thangadurai and Reshmi Menon, while Sampath Raj, Atul Kulkarni, Karthik Sabesh and Madhu Raghuram play supporting roles. The music was scored by Sudharshan M Kumar, while cinematography and editing were handled by Yuva and Vivek Harshan. The film released on 12 September 2014.

Cast

 Michael Thangadurai as Paramanandan (Burma)
 Reshmi Menon as Kalpana (Noodles)
 Sampath Raj as Guna
 Atul Kulkarni as Bothra Seth
 Karthik Sabesh as Boomer
 Kani Kusruti as Clara
 Deepak Paramesh as Charles
 Madhu Raghuram as Maaran
 Tarun Master as Shankar, Kalpana's father
 K. G. Mohan as Velu
 Thanjai Mahendran as Kumar
 Sai Dheena as Broker Ravi
 Diana Vishalini as Devi
 Sharath as Maruthi
 C. M. Bala as Arunachalam
 Rajkumar as Thaadi Mohan
 Chandana as Jessica
 Jayaraj as Karuppu
 Ram as Brucelee
 Hitler as Jetlee
 Jasper as Don
 Madurai Joseph as IG Vijayakumar
 K. Rajasekhar as Rummy Raja
 Thamizharasu as Moorthi
 Prathap Rajan as IG Kuzhanthai Velu

Production
Dharani Dharan after quitting his IT job and assisting director Susi Ganesan in Kanthaswamy and Shortcut Romeo wrote a couple of "off-beat scripts" but found out that there was "no market for them" as no big production house approved of the scripts. Sudharshan Vembutty, however, liked the script of Burma and agreed to fund the film. Dharani Dharan had plans to cast popular actors for the lead roles in Burma and met many "top heroes" but said that nobody believed in his script or that they were not interested in the project since it was not produced by a known studio. Therefore, he decided to work with newcomers and cast Michael Thangadurai and Reshmi Menon, who had both appeared in few low-profile films only, in the lead roles. Atul Kulkarni was recruited for a pivotal role, that of a "car financier, who appoints people to recover the car, if funds don't come on time", with the actor telling that he experimented with his hairdo, and got a new hair colour. According to Dharanidharan, Kulkarni and Sampath Raj, are the only two popular actors in the cast, who agreed to work for lesser remuneration than what they usually charge.

Before the actual shoot began, Dharani Dharan shot every scene with Michael, on a 5D camera for one month, like a rehearsal. A luxury vehicle was needed for the film and he approached a BMW team and showed them the script, who were impressed with it and lent a BMW X6 worth  1.5 crores for the shoot. Most of the story takes place in real places in north Chennai and the team shot in highly crowded places like Royapuram, Pudhupet and Ennore, with the director stating that filming in those locations was "extremely challenging".

Soundtrack

Sudharshan M Kumar composed the soundtrack and film score of Burma. The audio rights were purchased by Think Music India. The lyrics were written by Kabilan Vairamuthu, Aaryan Dinesh, Tupakeys (MC Rude, MC Akram) and S.A. The album features eight tracks and was released on 28 August 2014 by C. V. Kumar at the Suryan FM 93.5 studio in Chennai along with the film's theatrical trailer.

Critical reception
Baradwaj Rangan wrote, "There’s so much attitude, atmosphere, flavour and wry comedy in Burma that I readily forgave the minor sins and its major one — the story takes a detour into a race-against-time thriller, and there really isn’t all that much tension. But Dharanidharan doesn’t try to pump in life artificially — everything is beautifully organic, one of a piece...Burma made me so high on how crime can entertain that I almost forgot it doesn’t pay". The New Indian Express wrote, "With its interlinking story lines, a smartly written screenplay and slick narration, the film keeps one engaged for its crisp 96 minutes of viewing time....Burma is a rollicking, breezy roller-coaster ride". IANS gave it a score of 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "Burma could've easily been an excellent film with its interesting premise and an equally exciting non-linear narrative...Dharani uses the narrative style of Guy Ritchie films, but what he misses out is the deft execution style of the latter...Nevertheless, Burma is still a reasonably good watch with some decent performances". Sify called the film a "decent crime-thriller" that was "quite racy and entertaining" but added, "the script is a mess. Some scenes are badly written and incoherent".

References

External links

2014 films
Indian crime thriller films
2014 crime thriller films
2010s heist films
2014 black comedy films
Indian black comedy films
Indian heist films
2010s Tamil-language films
Films about automobiles
2014 directorial debut films


title: Andrew Knight (politician)

text:
Andrew Halley Knight (18 December 1813 – 6 July 1904) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Knight was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and arrived in the Port Phillip District in 1838. He farmed sheep in Kalkallo, Victoria and later became a merchant in Melbourne.

Knight was a nominated member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 6 September 1853 replacing Edward Emmett. Knight remained a member until resigning on 8 March 1854; he was replaced by Charles Bradshaw.

In 1863 Knight and his wife, Elizabeth Hawkins Knight (1827 – December 1886, née Grylls), travelled from Liverpool on the SS Great Britain, arriving in Melbourne on 17 December. Elizabeth Knight had been born in Devon.

Andrew Knight died in Croydon, England on 6 July 1904.

References

1813 births
1904 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
Politicians from Edinburgh
19th-century Australian politicians


title: 2003 Central African Republic coup d'état

text:
A coup d'état occurred in March 2003 in the Central African Republic when the forces of General François Bozizé marched on Bangui, the country's capital, while President Ange-Félix Patassé was attending a regional Community of Sahel–Saharan States leaders' summit in Niger.

Background
On 25 October 2002 forces local to Bozize invaded Bangui. They withdrew after six days of fighting. On 27 November 2002 armed forces recaptured Bossembele killing five rebels and reopening road to Bouar. On 7 December armed forces recaptured Damara from rebels. On 20 December armed forces recaptured Bozoum. On 14 January 2003 Bouar was reportedly under rebels control.

Coup
On Thursday, 13 March 2003, President Ange-Félix Patassé left Bangui to attend a regional Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD) summit in Niamey, Niger. He was accompanied by a delegation of approximately twenty people, including First Lady Angèle Patassé, Foreign Minister Martial Beti Marace, and presidential advisor Prosper Ndouba, who had recently been freed from rebel captivity just two months before. The presidential delegation flew from Bangui to Niamey onboard a Libyan Douglas DC-8, which had been loaned to Patassé by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi for use on this trip. Before his departure, the president's Chief of Staff, Colonel Antoine Gambi, assured Patassé that François Bozizé's were contained to the north of the country and were not a threat to Bangui during the trip.

While Patassé was away, Bozizé led 1,000 fighters towards the capital city of Bangui. On Friday, 14 March 2003, the rebels captured the towns of Bossembélé and Bouali, where President Patassé owned a small farm, enroute to Bangui. Meanwhile, at the same time that rebels were marching on Bangui, President Patassé was in Niamey meeting with Muammar Gaddafi and Chad President Idriss Déby. Déby would later be accused on supporting Bozizé's coup while Patassé was at the summit in Niger.

Bozizé and his rebels entered Bangui on 15 March 2003, while President Patassé was still out of the country. They captured the international airport and the presidential palace. Government troops, many of whom had not been paid in months, put up little resistance. The 370 CEMAC peacekeepers abandoned their posts rather than fight.

President Ange-Félix Patassé and his delegation had also intended to return to the Central African Republic on March 15, the same day that the rebels were seizing Bangui. However, the flight carrying President Patassé back to Bangui was delayed from taking off from Niger because First Lady Angèle Patassé was running late from a shopping trip in Niamey. While no one onboard the presidential plane was aware of the ongoing coup at the time, the first lady's lengthy Niamey shopping trip "probably saved the couple's life," according to journalist François Soudan in Jeune Afrique. Bozizé and his rebels occupied Bangui M'Poko International Airport just as Patassé's delayed aircraft was on approach to the airport. Had they attempted to land any sooner, Patassé and his presidential entourage likely would have been captured or shot down. Rebels shot at Patassé's plane as it approached Bangui, forcing the plane to divert to Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport outside Yaoundé, Cameroon. The deposed presidential delegation was taken to the Yaoundé Hilton Hotel, where Angèle and Ange-Félix Patassé learned that their two young children, Salomon and Providence, had been taken to safety at the French embassy in Bangui.  The children were soon evacuated by a Transall C-160 military transport aircraft to Libreville, Gabon, with other members of the Patassé family and their Togolese servants.

Militants from Chad were spotted among the rebel fighters, but the President of Chad, Idriss Déby, denied providing any military support to Bozizé. At least fifteen people were killed.

A curfew was imposed afterwards by Bozizé and the constitution was suspended.
On Sunday, March 16, 2003, one day after taking power, François Bozizé proclaims himself president of the Central African Republic. France deployed a number of troops to the country for the first time in four years in order to protect foreign nationals. After the coup, Bozizé created a new division in the Central African Armed Forces, made up of "patriots" who took part in the coup with him, called the Republican Guard. They committed numerous crimes against civilians in the capital.

By Monday, March 17, 2003, international African support for Ange-Félix Patassé had faded. Cameroon President Paul Biya had refused to call or acknowledge Patassé, though First Lady of Cameroon Chantal Biya met with her former counterpart, Angèle Patassé, and sent the family African food as part of her condolences over the coup. Gabonese President Omar Bongo backpaddled from his initial support for French intervention in the Central African Republic, which Patassé calls "a betrayal." Patassé openly accused Chad President Idriss Déby, whom he had met with in Niamey days before the coup, of supporting Bozizé, as Chadian forces and other groups were reportedly looting parts of Bangui.

On Tuesday, March 18, 2003, two Cameroonian officials, Minister of State for Territorial Administration Hamidou Marafa Yaya and Secretary General of the Presidency Jean-Marie Atangana Mebarao met with Patassé and told him to leave Cameroon within 48 hours. Cameroon President Paul Biya flew to the United States the next day having never called or met with Patassé.

Patassé considered going to South Africa or Libya, before settling on Togo, where he had spent previously time in exile during the 1980s and met his Togolese second wife, Angèle Patassé. Togolese President Gnassingbé Eyadema welcomed the Patassés to the country. Mali President Amadou Toumani Touré and Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade also offered invitations for Patassé to go to their countries.

The Patassé family flew from Yaoundé to Lomé, Togo, on March 19, 2003, to begin their exile from the Central African Republic.

International response

 and : Foreign ministers of the two countries visited General Bozizé after the coup, saying that they would negotiate with him.
: The President of Chad, Idriss Déby, denied allegations that Chadian troops helped Bozizé.

See also
Central African Republic Bush War
Central African Republic Civil War

References

Conflicts in 2003
2000s coups d'état and coup attempts
Military coups in the Central African Republic
March 2003 events in Africa
2003 in the Central African Republic


title: Cho Sung-man

text:
Cho Sung-man (Korean: 조성만) is a South Korean national team coach. He has coached skaters like Park Bit-na, Kim Na-young, Park Yun-joon in Korean national competitions and international competitions.
He is currently coaching and serving as Director of the Incheon Skating Federation. Also, he has developed cultural skating exchange program with East West Palace Ice in Artesia, CA. Also, he is working with high level coaches such as Jean Yun, Peter Oppegard, and Karen Kwan-Oppegard from East West Palace Ice to promote Korean skaters to learn and advance their ice skating skills.

References

South Korean sports coaches
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: The Essential *NSYNC

text:
The Essential *NSYNC is the fourth compilation album by American boy band NSYNC. It was released on July 29, 2014, four years after their second compilation The Collection (2010). It is also the second overall album under RCA Records following their self-titled album in 1998. The album contains a total of thirty-four tracks, including hit singles, album tracks, B-sides, rare recordings and soundtrack features. Despite only being a compilation release, the album received wide press coverage as it was revealed none of the band members were told about its release.

The album sold out on Amazon on the day of release, and quickly vaulted into the top ten albums on the iTunes Store.

Band member Lance Bass said of the album on his radio show, Dirty Pop: "There's a lot of these songs I don't think I've ever heard, I remember recording them but I've never heard them before, so I'm interested in just hearing them." JC Chasez tweeted about the album's release, stating: "I had the strangest dream last night that some old friends and I had a top 10 record on iTunes. Crazy right..." Chris Kirkpatrick said of the album; "It's great to release some of the songs that had never made a record before! I'm glad our long time fans get some new music!" Joey Fatone also said; "Pretty interesting this album comes out, which I really had no idea, and it's in the top of Amazon and iTunes... we owe it to our fans. Thank you."

The album has sold 34,000 copies in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan as of February 2018.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

References

2014 greatest hits albums
NSYNC albums
RCA Records compilation albums


title: Anja Nissen (album)

text:
Anja Nissen is the self-titled debut album by Anja Nissen, the winner of the third series of The Voice Australia, released through Universal Music Australia on 1 August 2014. It consists of covers of songs performed on The Voice, as well as four new covers.

Commercial performance
Anja Nissen debuted at number 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart with first week sales of 1,952 copies.

Track listing

Charts

References

2014 debut albums
Anja Nissen albums
Covers albums
Albums produced by will.i.am


The 2004–05 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Ron Ganulin, who was in his fourteenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The Terrier's home games were played at the  Generoso Pope Athletic Complex. The team has been a member of the Northeast Conference since 1981.

The Terriers were chosen to finish 7th in the NEC Preseason Coaches Poll. The team finished at 13–15 overall and 9–9 in conference play to take the 7th seed as predicted. The Terriers qualified for the NEC tournament losing in the quarter-finals to Fairleigh Dickinson 60–78. After the season Ron Ganulin was fired as head coach of the program.

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#0038A8; border: 2px solid #CE1126;;color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#0038A8; border: 2px solid #CE1126;;color:#FFFFFF;"| 2005 NEC tournament

References

St. Francis Brooklyn Terriers men's basketball seasons
St. Francis
2004 in sports in New York City
2005 in sports in New York City


title: Mr. Gay India

text:
Mr. Gay World India is a national beauty pageant that selects its winner to represent India at gay pageants globally notably to the annual Mr Gay World. The National Director and Producer of the organization is the 2014 winner, Sushant Divgikar. The Assistant Managers are Sanket Sveronic and Darshil of the organization.

The inception of the pageant happened in 2008 when Zoltan Parag was crowned the first Mr. Gay India. The event received media attention heavily when popular model and reality star Sushant Divgikar won the pageant in 2014. Subsequently, the pageant which at first was irregular is now held annually in Mumbai.

History
Zoltan Parag was the first ever winner of Mr. Gay India he represented India at International Mr Gay Competition in 2008.

Mr. Gay India got tremendous national and international recognition only after Nolan Lewis from Mumbai made it to the top 10 at the Mr. Gay World pageant in 2013. He paved way for the next winner, Sushant Divgikar, who went on to represent India in 2014 in Rome.

Sushant Divgikar broke all existing records by a splendid performance at the Mr. Gay World pageant in Rome that year and won 3 individual sub awards as well as the team sports sub award alongside delegates from Iceland, Indonesia and Hong Kong. He won 3 individual sub awards viz. Mr.Gay World Congeniality, Mr.Gay World People's Choice and Mr.Gay World Art challenge. Sushant made it to the top 10 but did not succeed in bringing his home country the crown.

In 2015, Sushant was announced the National Producer and Director for India and was in charge of the Indian leg of the pageant, making him the youngest National producer in the pageant's history while also being the reigning Mr.Gay INDIA at the time. Sushant continued his reign for a record, two years and represented not only the gay community but also the entire LGBT community in India's biggest celebrity reality show, Bigg Boss in its eighth season. In 2016, Anwesh Sahoo became the first contestant from Odisha, and the youngest winner at just 20 years of age to win the crown. Anwesh represented India in Malta, Europe for Mr.Gay World 2016 and made it to the top 12. In 2017 Darshan Mandhana won the Mr Gay India 2017 crown and represented India at Mr Gay World 2017 where he made to top 10.
In 2018 , Samarpan Maiti of West Bengal bagged the coveted Mr. Gay India title and represented India at the Mr. Gay World Pageant in Knysna , South Africa , making it to the top 3 (2nd runner up) spot , a feat that was not conquered previously by any other representatives from India.

In 2019 , Suresh Ramadas , hailing from Bangalore , Karnataka took over as The new Mr. Gay India, beating probably one of the best line up of finalists in the National Pageant to further represent India at the Mr. Gay World Pageant in South Africa where he made it to the top 10 mega finalists and kept India’s record of always making it to the top 10 Finalists in the world.
India has been one of the only countries to have consecutively made it to the top 10 spot, a feat very few countries have achieved in the Mr. Gay World Pageant’s history.

In early 2020, Ramdas passed on his crown and his impressive reign to Shyam Konnur who is the current title holder of Mr. Gay India and was supposed to represent the country at the Mr. Gay World pageant in South Africa in May of 2020 but unfortunately, this was not possible due to the novel corona virus pandemic outbreak around the world.
The Mr. Gay world organisation decided to postpone if not cancel the pageant for the year 2020 and hold a special showing for National winners from around the world to compete at the international level in 2021.

Representatives to Mister Gay World
Color key

References

External links
mrgayworldindiaofficial.in (Official Website)

Beauty pageants in India
LGBT events in India
LGBT beauty pageants
Male beauty pageants
2008 establishments in Maharashtra
Recurring events established in 2008
Indian awards
Mr Gay World


title: Roadgames

text:
Roadgames (stylized as Road Games) is a 1981 Australian thriller film directed by Richard Franklin and starring Stacy Keach and Jamie Lee Curtis. The film follows a truck driver travelling across Australia who, along with the help of a hitchhiker, seeks to track down a serial killer who is butchering women and dumping their dismembered bodies along desolate highways.

Plot
In rural Australia, truck driver Patrick Quid pulls into a motel for the night and notices a man in a green van checking in with a female hitchhiker. Quid had passed the hitchhiker earlier because trucking company policy forbade him from picking her up. In the motel room, the hitchhiker strums a guitar while the man unpacks a new guitar string. The man winds the string around his gloved hands and uses it to strangle the woman.

Quid wakes the next morning in his truck. His pet dingo sniffs relentlessly at the garbage outside the motel, and Quid notices the van driver watching the dingo from the window of the motel room. Quid picks up a load of pigs from Universal Meats. He sets off for Perth with his load and passes various characters on the road: a nagging wife and her family, a cautious man hauling a sailboat, and a station wagon crammed full of toy balls. He repeatedly passes by another female hitchhiker.

The wife, Frita, creates a roadblock by streaming pink paper across the highway. When Quid stops at the sight of it, she climbs into his cab and orders Quid to catch up with her husband who left her at the side of the road. They play 20 Questions to pass the time. The wife informs Quid about the grisly murder of a woman and his nonchalant answers start to disturb her. She suspects that he might be the serial killer from the news.

Quid stops the truck when he sees the green van parked along the road. Its driver has several trash bags and an esky; he appears to be burying the bags. When the van driver notices Quid watching him through binoculars, he abandons his work and drives away. Later, at a roadhouse, the van driver assaults Quid's dingo. Quid gives chase, but he encounters the slow-driving boat owner, who refuses to let Quid pass. Eventually, Quid destroys the boat, but the van is too far off to catch.

Quid picks up the second female hitchhiker, Pamela Rushworth, that he has passed before. She gradually reveals that she is the daughter of a powerful American diplomat. Quid urges Pamela to let her father know that she is alright. The duo discuss the serial killer. At a service station, they notice the van parked near the restroom. Quid sees a pair of feet in the toilet stall and he thinks he has the killer cornered. Pamela investigates the van while Quid tries to get the man to exit the stall. As Pamela reaches for the esky inside the van, she realizes that the driver is sleeping on the floor. In the restroom, a biker emerges from the stall. Quid rushes outside to see that the van is gone.

When Quid catches up to the van, it appears that Pamela is happily in the passenger seat. Later that night, Quid notices the van parked off the side of the road and pulls over to investigate. He hears people giggling in the bushes nearby and assumes that Pamela and the van driver are engaged in sex. When he breaks into the van to investigate, he finds that the esky only contains food.

Quid arrives at the outskirts of Perth and, while reporting to the weigh station, sees the van. He follows the van through the streets of Perth, trailed by the police. Eventually the van reaches a dead end and Quid's truck becomes stuck in the narrow alleys. The van driver approaches Quid's truck and attempts to strangle him with a garrotte, but Quid manages to disarm him. When Quid starts to strangle the van driver with the same weapon, the police arrive and assume that Quid is the killer. Upon freeing a gagged and bound Pamela from the van, the police learn that Quid is innocent, and Pamela's actual captor is caught whilst trying to escape through the crowd.

When Quid finally delivers the meat shipment, he relates to Pamela that after he had found his trailer door open and discovered the load weight a few kilos over, he had presumed that the van driver had killed her and disposed of her inside his trailer. Back at the meat facility, a woman cleaning out the back of the trailer is brushed by a guitar string hanging from the ceiling and, on pulling it, gets a nasty surprise as a human head falls from above and lands in her soap bucket.

Cast
 Stacy Keach as Pat Quid
 Jamie Lee Curtis as Hitch
 Marion Edward as Frita
 Grant Page as Smith or Jones
 Alan Hopgood as Lester

Production

Development
While making the film Patrick Richard Franklin gave Everett De Roche a copy of Rear Window as an example of how he wanted the script typed. De Roche loved the content of the script and expressed his desire to write a film with a similar plot but set on a moving vehicle. He developed the idea with Franklin in Fiji, where the latter was co-producing The Blue Lagoon (1980). De Roche wrote the first draft of Roadgames over a period of 8 days in a hotel, with Franklin visiting periodically during breaks in the production of Blue Lagoon.

De Roche had written an episode of the TV series Truckies (1978) called "Road Games". Its truckie characters became concerned about a strange man following two small children on a bus. It aired on 4 September 1978 and was directed by Michael Ludbrook.

Filming
Shot on location in the Nullarbor Plain and in Melbourne, the budget of $1.75 million was the highest ever for an Australian film at that time. Avco Embassy paid $500,000 for all rights outside Australia, and the balance came from the Greater Union, the Australian Film Commission, the Victorian Film Corporation, and the Western Australian Film Council.

Casting
Franklin wanted to cast Sean Connery in the lead, but was unable to afford his salary, and the role went to Stacy Keach instead.

Australian actress Lisa Peers was cast to play opposite him, but the US distributors insisted on an American co-star, so Franklin cast Jamie Lee Curtis. The film ran into trouble with Actors Equity when the Melbourne branch of the union approved the importation of Curtis, but the Sydney branch opposed it. "We found ourselves as the ping-pong ball in a game of politics between Melbourne and Sydney, and it nearly resulted in the film closing down," said Franklin. Franklin later acknowledged wishing he had increased the size of Curtis' part to take more advantage of her.

Release

Home media
The film was first released on VHS in Australia by Star Video in the early 1980s. In the US, the first VHS release was handled by Embassy Home Entertainment and later in the 1990s by Nelson Entertainment. Roadgames was first released on DVD in the United States on 10 June 2003 by Anchor Bay Entertainment, this release has long gone out of print with copies running at $85 on Amazon.com. In Australia, Umbrella Entertainment released a special edition DVD in 2004–this DVD is also no-longer in print. In April 2016, it was announced that Umbrella would release a new 4k restoration of the film for the first time on Blu-ray disc. Scream Factory released it on Blu-ray in a special edition form on 12 November 2019.

Reception

Box office
Roadgames was a box office bomb in Australia upon its June 1981 release. It was released theatrically in the United States in November 1981, and similarly did not perform as well as originally expected, which Franklin blamed on its marketing as a slasher film. However, it did lead to Franklin landing the job of directing Psycho II in 1983.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 92% based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 7.90/10. On Metacritic the film has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Variety gave the film a positive review, calling it "an above-average suspenser." The New York Times, however, gave the film a middling review, saying: "Although Road Games was made in Australia, the Outback might as well be the New Jersey Turnpike." Time Out gave the film a positive review, saying: "It's precisely its pretensions which make this a surprisingly agreeable cross of angst-ridden '70s road movie with Hitchcockian thriller...  Effective as a string of cinematic shocks, the movie manages a good number of coups, with its cargo of raw meat, use of Jamie Lee's association with endless knife-flicks, and the ever-so-slightly surreal placing of figures in a vast landscape, making for an endearing horror pic." Leonard Maltin described it as an "adequate thriller" and rated the film 2-stars-out-of-4.

Accolades

Legacy
The film has been cited by Quentin Tarantino as one of his favourite films, and also served as influence in Australian director Greg McLean's debut feature, Wolf Creek (2005).

See also
Cinema of Australia

References

Bibliography

External links

Road Games at Oz Movies
Road Games at the National Film and Sound Archive
Road Games OST track listing on 1M1 Records' website
IMDb awards

1981 films
1981 horror films
1981 thriller films
1980s horror thriller films
Australian horror thriller films
Australian slasher films
1980s English-language films
Australian road movies
1980s road movies
1980s slasher films
Trucker films
Films directed by Richard Franklin (director)
Films set in Western Australia
Films set in South Australia
Films about hitchhiking
Films scored by Brian May (composer)


title: Somorrostro

text:
Somorrostro Beach is one of the beaches in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is located between Hospital del Mar and Marina Street, in the far east area of the Barceloneta neighborhood, in the Ciutat Vella district. It is  long and  wide. The Somorrostro name was forgotten and the beach became one of the most popular in the city. It was not until 2010, Somorrostro beach got its original name back.

History
During the 19th century and part of the 20th century, the beach, and much of the neighboring beach areas was occupied by a shanty town, inhabited by 15,000 people living in 2,000 slums. Known during this time as a Romani community. It was not until the 1966 visit of Spanish caudillo Francisco Franco that the slum removal began. Most of these slums were pulled down between the 1960s and 1980s.

Famous Roma flamenco dancers Carmen Amaya and Antoñita Singla were born in that neighborhood. Los Tarantos, an academy award-nominated film about flamenco starring Amaya, was filmed there in 1963.

Gallery

References

Beaches of Barcelona
Beaches of Catalonia


title: Robert M. Scotten

text:
Robert McGregor Scotten (1891–1968) was an American ambassador to Costa Rica, Ecuador, and New Zealand.

Born in Detroit, Michigan on August 18, 1891, his father was Oren Scotten and his mother was Mary Clarke (McGregor) Scotten. Scotten served as Foreign Service officer; U.S. Consul in Asuncion from 1926 to 1927. He was ambassador to the Dominican Republic from 1940 to 1942, later he served as ambassador to Costa Rica from 1942 to 1943, Ecuador from 1943 to 1947, New Zealand first as minister from 1947 to 1948 and then as ambassador (reaccredited) 1948 to 1955. He died in 1968.

References

1891 births
1968 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Ambassadors of the United States to Ecuador
Ambassadors of the United States to New Zealand
Ambassadors of the United States to the Dominican Republic
United States Foreign Service personnel
20th-century American diplomats


title: Manny Aragon

text:
Manny M. Aragon (born March 22, 1947) is a former New Mexico State Senator.

Life
Manny M. Aragon was born to Charlotte and Mel Aragon.

Career
Aragon served in the New Mexico Senate from 1975 to 2004 as a Democrat representing the Valencia and Bernalillo counties, District Fourteen.

Following the New Mexico State Penitentiary riot in 1980, Aragon assisted and comforted survivors.

In 1988, he was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate. He remained in that position until 2001.

In 2001, he served as the second Hispanic chairman of the Council of State Governments (CSG).

Aragon then served as president of New Mexico Highlands University.

Later life
In 2009, as a private citizen, he was found guilty of three counts of conspiracy to defraud $4.4 million from the State of New Mexico during the construction of a new Court House. He was released in December 2013 after serving four and a half years in prison.

Aragon has two children.

References

1947 births
Living people
American politicians convicted of fraud
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Democratic Party New Mexico state senators
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in New Mexico


title: Fay Allen Des Portes

text:
Fay Allen Des Portes (June 16, 1890 – September 17, 1944) was an American ambassador to Bolivia, Costa Rica and Guatemala.

Biography

His parents were Sarah Wolfe (born 1865) and Ulysse Ganvier Des Portes. His brother was Ulysse Ganvier (Jack).

From 1926 to 1928 Des Portes served as deputy in the Parliament of South Carolina. From 1928 to 1936 he sat in the Senate of South Carolina.

On August 19, 1933 Des Portes was sent to Bolivia as an Ambassador by Franklin D. Roosevelt. On November 15, 1933, he handed over his letters of accreditation to the government of Daniel Salamanca Urey. His appointment was initially not confirmed by the Senate. The new commission happened after the approval by the Senate on January 15, 1934. From 1932 to 1935 Bolivia was involved in the Chaco War. On May 1, 1936 he left the post of Ambassador in La Paz.

On April 25, 1936, he became Ambassador to Guatemala. On May 22, 1936, he wrote a letter of accreditation to the government of Jorge Ubico Castañeda. His superior in the State Department was John Moors Cabot. Des Portes worked with Transportes Aéreos Centro Americanos (TACA). TACA was at that time the American Shipping Company American Export (Am Ex). On May 14, 1943, he left the ambassadorial post in Guatemala city.

On March 27, 1943 he was sent as ambassador to Costa Rica during the Roosevelt administration. On May 20, 1943, he wrote a letter of accreditation to the government of Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. He spoke in Costa Rica about confidential issues. On August 4, 1943, President Calderón gave a list of 33 people of German and Italian origin who the embassy assessed as dangerous, and requested their deportation to the United States. As of September 13, 1943, the deportation of three people had been agreed. Of the other enemy aliens, the government claimed that they were not dangerous. The deportation of Herbert Knöhr with Karl Bayer, who led the 66 members of the NSDAP/AO in Costa Rica, as well as Ricardo Stein Worth and other Nazis of Costa Rica were rejected. The government of Costa Rica argued that both would be held under house arrest and could therefore represent no more danger.

References

1890 births
1944 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Ambassadors of the United States to Bolivia
Ambassadors of the United States to Guatemala


title: Ilya Rybinski

text:
Ilya Rybinski (born August 3, 1993) is a Belarusian male acrobatic gymnast. With Yauheni Novikau, he achieved silver in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Belarusian acrobatic gymnasts
Male acrobatic gymnasts
Medalists at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships


title: Yauheni Novikau

text:
Yauheni Novikau (born May 4, 1996) is a Belarusian male acrobatic gymnast. With Ilya Rybinski, he achieved silver in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Belarusian acrobatic gymnasts
Male acrobatic gymnasts
Medalists at the Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships


title: Radosław Truszkowski

text:
Radosław Truszkowski (born 5 October 1978 in Olsztyn) is a retired amateur Polish Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's middleweight category. Truszkowski represented his nation Poland at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and later captured a silver medal in the 74-kg division at the 2005 Summer Universiade in Izmir, Turkey. Throughout his sporting career, Truszkowski trained full-time for Cement Gryf Wrestling Club in Chełm, under his personal coach and 1988 Olympic silver medalist Andrzej Głąb.

Truszkowski qualified for the Polish squad in the men's 74 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Earlier in the process, he placed fifth from the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro to guarantee a spot on Poland's Olympic wrestling team. Truszkowski lost two straight matches to reigning Olympic champion Filiberto Azcuy of Cuba (0–6), and South Korea's Choi Duk-hoon (1–6), leaving him on the bottom of the pool and placing eighteenth in the final standings.

At the 2005 Summer Universiade in Izmir, Turkey, Truszkowski picked up a silver medal in the 74-kg division, losing the final match to the host nation's Şeref Tüfenk in front of the home audience.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Olympic wrestlers for Poland
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Olsztyn
Polish male sport wrestlers
Universiade medalists in wrestling
Universiade silver medalists for Poland
Medalists at the 2005 Summer Universiade
20th-century Polish people
21st-century Polish people


title: 5 x Monk 5 x Lacy

text:
5 x Monk 5 x Lacy is a live solo album by the soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy, recorded in Sweden in 1994 and released on the Silkheart label.

Reception

In Allmusic, Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars, writing that Lacey's "interpretations are so self-sufficient that one does not miss the other instruments, although it is quite easy to 'hear' the bass and drums behind the soprano... Highly recommended". The Penguin Guide to Jazz included the album in its "Core Collection" of recommended jazz recordings. According to JazzTimes, "the entirety of Lacy's art is to be found in compacted form in solo concerts like 5 X Monk 5 X Lacy".

Track listing
All compositions are by Steve Lacy except as indicated
 "Shuffle Boil" (Thelonious Monk) - 3:48
 "Eronel" (Monk) - 3:49
 "Evidence" (Monk) - 3:37
 "Pannonica" (Monk) - 5:24
 "Who Knows?" (Monk) - 3:12
 "The Crust" - 4:31
 "Blues for Aida" - 5:51
 "Revenue" - 5:27
 "Lunch" - 4:13
 "Deadline"- 5:15

Personnel
 Steve Lacy - soprano saxophone

References

1997 live albums
Steve Lacy (saxophonist) live albums
Silkheart Records live albums


title: A. Shelton Hooper

text:
Augustus Shelton Hooper (September 1859 – 13 June 1936) was a Hong Kong English civil servant, architect, member of the Sanitary Board and Licensing Board, and secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Co. Limited.

Biography
Hooper was born in September 1859 to the seventh son of Henry Wilcocks Hooper, a solicitor & coroner for Exeter, and Julia Evelina Richards.  He was educated at the Newton Abbot College, Devon.

He came to Hong Kong in September 1886 as a surveyor of the Land Office of the Hong Kong government. He was later appointed an assessor and municipal rates valuer in 1888 until his resigned in 1889 and joined the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Co. Limited as the first secretary, being a land expert from the government.

Hooper was made Justice of the Peace in 1890. In 1893, he was made the agent and trustee for the Hong Kong and South China Masonic Benevolence Fund when it was established by the government under the Masonic Benevolence Fund Incorporation Ordinance. By 1905, he was an authorised architect.

He attempted to run for the Sanitary Board election in 1891 and in 1903 but was not elected. He successfully gained the seat in the 1906 Sanitary Board election and also the Licensing Board in 1910, where he was re-elected in 1916 and 1919. He served on the Sanitary Board until his retirement in 1911 due to his disagreement with government's decision of changing the Scavenging and Conservancy by-laws.

During his service on the Sanitary Board, Hooper was appointed by Governor Matthew Nathan to the Public Health and Regulations Ordinance Commission in 1906 to inquiry into the alleged corruption and bribery in the Sanitary Department, which led to the amendment of the Public Health and Building Ordinance to reform the Sanitary Board in 1908.

Hooper was a prominent Freemason in the colony, member of the Hong Kong Club and also President of the Hong Kong Devonian Society.

Hooper retired after thirty years service as secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Co., Ltd. and left Hong Kong on 1 January 1920 and was granted a pension. He died in a London nursing house on 13 June 1936 at the age of 74.

Personal life
Hooper was a member of the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club and Hong Kong Cricket Club. He resided at "Rougemont", MacDonnell Road. He married Sarah Hooper who died on 31 August 1942 in Matlock. They had one son and two daughters. One of their daughters named Christine Jessie Shelton Hooper, who married Colonel John Urmson Hope, son of Maj.-Gen. John Edward Hope and Mary Urmson, on 27 November 1907 and had children named Christine Mary Shelton Hope and John Patrick Molesworth Hope. Dorothy Annette Shelton Hooper, another daughter of them, married to John Farrar Macgregor at St. John's Cathedral on 30 August 1911. Their son was manager of the Manila Wine Merchants, a subsidiary of Caldbeck, Macgregor and Co.

References

1859 births
1936 deaths
British expatriates in Hong Kong
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
Hongkong Land
Hong Kong architects
Businesspeople from British Hong Kong
Hong Kong civil servants
Hong Kong surveyors
Architects from Exeter
Members of the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong


title: Advanced Research Centre for Bamboo and Rattan

text:
The ICFRE-Bamboo and Rattan Centre was established as an advanced research centre under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun. in 2004 at Aizawl, Mizoram as a unit of Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat, Assam in accordance with the decision taken by the Standing Finance Committee, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India. The Centre was inaugurated by the Hon’ble Minister of State, Environment and Forests, Govt. of India Shri Namo Narain Meena, on 29th Nov. 2004 at Bethlehem Vengthlang, Aizawl. The Centre is first of its kind in India for socio-economic upliftment of Northeastern people that revolve around Bamboos and Rattans.

See also
 Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
 Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Forest Science Centre

References

Bamboo
Calamoideae
Organisations based in Mizoram
Indian forest research institutes
Forestry education in India
Forestry Research and Education
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Research institutes in Mizoram
2004 establishments in Mizoram
Research institutes established in 2004


title: Anti-Money Laundering Council (Philippines)

text:
The Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) is the agency of the Government of the Philippines that is tasked to implement the provisions of Republic Act No. 9160, also known as the “Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001” (AMLA), as amended, and Republic Act No. 10168, also known as the “Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act of 2012” (TFPSA).

It serves as the Philippines' central anti-money laundering/counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) authority. As such, it functions as the AML/CTF regulator and supervisor, financial intelligence unit, and primary law enforcement agency of the Philippines against money laundering and terrorist financing.

The AMLC may refer to (1) the government agency or (2) the Council, which heads the said government agency.

Mandate

The AMLC is mandated to implement the AMLA and TFPSA, in accordance with the following State policies:

AMLA
 To protect and preserve the integrity of the Philippine financial system, including the confidentiality of bank accounts.
 To ensure that the Philippines shall not be used as a money laundering site for the proceeds of any unlawful activity.
 To extend cooperation, consistent with Philippines’ foreign policy, in transnational investigations and prosecutions of persons involved in money laundering activities wherever committed.

TFPSA
 To protect life, liberty and property from acts of terrorism and to condemn terrorism and those who support and finance it; and to recognize it as inimical and dangerous to national security and the welfare of the people; and to make the financing of terrorism a crime against the Filipino people, against humanity and against the law of nations.
 To recognize and to adhere to international commitments to combat the financing of terrorism, specifically to the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, as well as other binding terrorism related resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, pursuant to Chapter 7 of the United Nations Charter.
 To reinforce the fight against terrorism by preventing and suppressing the commission of said offenses through freezing and forfeiture of property or funds while protecting human rights.

The council
The council is composed of the governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) as chairman, and the commissioner of the Insurance Commission(Philippines) (IC) and the chairperson of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as members. It acts unanimously in the discharge of its functions.

Historical composition

2001–2004:
 Rafael Buenaventura (BSP, July 1999– )
 Lilia R. Bautista (SEC, 2000 – August 2004)
 Eduardo T. Malinis (IC, April 1962 – )

2004:
 Rafael Carlos B. Buenaventura (BSP, July 1999 – July 2005)
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, Sep. 2004 – )
 Eduardo T. Malinis (IC, April 1962 – July 2004)

2004–2005:
 Amando Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – )
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, Sep. 2004 – )
 Benjamin S. Santos (IC, August 2004 – October 2005)

2005–2007:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – )
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, Sep. 2004 – )
 Evangeline C. Escobillo (IC, October 2005 – August 2007)

2007–2010:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – )
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, Sep. 2004 -)
 Eduardo T. Malinis (IC, August 2007 – February 2010)

2010:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – )
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, Sep. 2004 -)
 Santiago J. Ranada (IC, February 2010 – July 2010)

2011:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – July 2011, 2 July 2011 – )
 Fe B. Barin (SEC, September 2004 – March 2011)
 Emmanuel F. Dooc (IC, January 2011 – )

2011–2016:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – )
 Teresita J. Herbosa (SEC, March 2011 – )
 Emmanuel F. Dooc (IC, January 2011 – 16 November 2017)

2016–2017:
 Amando M. Tetangco, Jr. (BSP, July 2005 – 2 July 2017)
 Teresita J. Herbosa (SEC, March 2011 – )
 Dennis B. Funa [IC, 16 November 2016 – 23 December 2018 (Officer-in-Charge), 23 December 2016 – ]

2017–2018:
 Nestor Espenilla, Jr. (BSP, 2 July 2017 – )
 Teresita J. Herbosa [SEC, March 2011 – 11 March 2018, 11 March 2018 – 6 June 2018 (Hold-over)]
 Dennis B. Funa [IC, 16 November 2016 – 23 December 2018 (Officer-in-Charge), 23 December 2016 – ]

2017–2019:
 Nestor A. Espenilla, Jr. (BSP, 2 July 2017 – 23 February 2019)
 Emilio Aquino (SEC, 6 June 2018 – )
 Dennis B. Funa (IC, 23 December 2016 – )

2019–2022:
 Benjamin Diokno (BSP, 4 March 2019 – 29 June 2022)
 Emilio B. Aquino (SEC, 6 June 2018 – )
 Dennis B. Funa (IC, 23 December 2016 – )

2022-2023:
 Felipe Medalla (BSP, 30 June 2022 – )
 Emilio B. Aquino (SEC, 6 June 2018 – )
 Dennis B. Funa (IC, 23 December 2016 – 31 December 2022; Hold-over - 01 January 2023 - 29 March 2023)

2023:
 Felipe Medalla (BSP, 30 June 2022 – 29 June 2023)
 Emilio B. Aquino (SEC, 6 June 2018 – )
 Reynaldo A. Regalado (IC, 29 March 2023 – )

Present:
 Eli M. Remolona, Jr. (BSP, 30 June 2023 – present)
 Emilio B. Aquino (SEC, 6 June 2018 – present)
 Reynaldo A. Regalado (IC, 29 March 2023 – present)

Organizational structure

The AMLC is headed by the council. The chief executive officer of the AMLC is the executive director.

The AMLC consists of three major operational units:

 Office of the Executive Director (OED)
 Detection and Prevention Department (DPD)
 Investigation and Enforcement Department (IED)

Under the OED are the following functional groups/units:

 Administrative and Financial Services Group (AFSG)
 Commitments and Policy Group (CPG)
 Counseling, Adjudication, and Mutual Legal Assistance Unit (CAMU)
 Enterprise Technology Management Group (ETMG)
 Enterprise Audit Staff (EAS)

Under the DPD are the following functional groups/units:

 Financial Intelligence and Analysis Group (FIAG)
 Compliance and Supervision Group (CSG)

Under the IED are the following functional groups/units:

 Financial Crimes Investigation Group (FCIG)
 Litigation and Evaluation Group (LEG)

Executive directors

Rule 6, Section 2 of the 2018 Implementing Rules and Regulations, in relation to Section 8 of Republic Act No. 9160, as amended, states that the Executive Director shall be the chief executive officer of the AMLC. The following are the past and present Executive Directors of the AMLC:

 (Ret.) Judge Pio C. Guerrero
November 2001 – May 2002

 Atty. Vicente S. Aquino
May 2002 – March 2013

 Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad
March 2013 – 31 January 2017

 Atty. Mel Georgie B. Racela
01 February 2017 – 10 August 2017 (as Officer-in-Charge); 18 August 2017 – 17 August 2022

 Atty. Matthew M. David18 August 2022 – 17 August 2027''

Laws and Rules Covering the AMLC
 Republic Act No. 9160 – Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA) of 2001
 Republic Act No. 9194 – Amending the AMLA
 Republic Act No. 10167 – Strengthening the AMLA
 Republic Act No. 10365 – Further Strengthening the AMLA
 Republic Act No. 10927 – Designating Casinos as Covered Persons under the AMLA
 Republic Act No. 11521 – Further Strengthening the AMLA
 2016 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9160, As Amended (2016 RIRR)
 2018 Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 9160, As Amended (2018 IRR) (January 2021 Update)
 Casino Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10927 (CIRR)
 Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing Guidelines for Designated Non-Financial Businesses and Professions (DNFBP Guidelines)
 Rules of Procedure in Administrative Cases under Republic Act No. 9160, as Amended (RPAC)
 A.M. No. 05-11-04-SC – Rule of Procedure in Cases of Civil Forfeiture, Asset Preservation, and Freezing of Monetary Instrument, Property, or Proceeds Representing, Involving, or Relating to an Unlawful Activity or Money Laundering Offense under Republic Act No. 9160, as Amended.
 Republic Act No. 10168 – Terrorism Financing Prevention and Suppression Act of 2012
 Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10168

References

External links
AMLC Official Website
Republic Act No. 9160 (2001)
Republic Act 9194 (2003)
Republic Act No. 10167 (2012)
Republic Act No. 10365 (2013)
Republic Act No. 10927 (2017)

Department of Finance (Philippines)
Economy of the Philippines
Philippines
2001 establishments in the Philippines
Government agencies established in 2001
Securities (finance)


title: Hallett Johnson

text:
Hallett C. Johnson, also known as Francis Hallett Johnson (November 26, 1888 – August 11, 1968) was an American career diplomat and ambassador to Costa Rica. He served in the United States Foreign Service for 36 years.

Early life
Johnson was born in New York City. He was the son of Frances "Fannie" Valda Matthews and Jeremiah Augustus Johnson (1836 - 1912), a diplomat and lawyer. He grew up in South Orange, New Jersey.

He was a student at Cutler's School where he joined the Knickerbocker Greys youth cadet corps which became Company K of the 7th Regiment. He also went to the Hotchkiss School, graduating in 1904. He attended Williams College, graduating in 1908. There, he was a member of the Fraternity of Delta Psi (St. Anthony Hall) and leader of the mandolin club. He was a member of the debating team and played on the tennis team. He was also a member of the Williams College Good Government Club which visited President Theodore Roosevelt at the White House.

He attended the Columbia University School of Law, focusing on international law and graduating in 1912. While there, he lived in the Columbia chapter house of St. Anthony Hall for his second and third years.

Career
After law school, Johnson became a lawyer in New York City with Davies, Auerbach, Cornell & Barry. On May 27, 1912, Johnson took the diplomatic service entrance exam in Washington, D.C. On June 18, 1912, the U.S. Department of State announce that Johnson was one of the successful candidates.

Great Britain
In August 1912, President William Howard Taft appointed Johnson the third secretary at the London embassy. Johnson said, "When I received a telegram from the State Department assigning me as Third Secretary to the London Embassy, I could not resist accepting it. It was a particularly desirable post and my father knew Whitelaw Reid, who was then Ambassador to Great Britain." At the time, the staff of the London embassy consisted of the first secretary, second secretary, third secretary, military and naval attaché, two clerks, and two messengers—meaning that his position was fairly significant. While in England, Johnson was presented to the King George V and Queen Mary, attended various royal affairs, and had an interesting conversation with Prince Albert.

In February 1913, newspapers in the United States, Canada, and England reported that 24-year-old Johnson was left in charge of the London embassy with just six months experience due to the death of first secretary Reid and the resignation of second secretary Cressen. This was of concern because Johnson would then have been responsible for negotiating treaties with Great Britain, including the six power loan to China and the Panama Canal free tolls. However, in his journal, Johnson wrote, "I was surprised to read in many English papers the other day the fact that I have been in charge of the Embassy for the last two months—in fact, ever since Mr. Reid's death. This state of things nearly did come to pass, for Mr. Laughlin received a telegram from Knox assuming that Cressen had taken leave, telling him that unless he was confirmed, which seemed very doubtful, he should turn the Embassy over to me on the 4th of March. Laughlin…received confirmation about a week before that date."

Ottoman Empire
In May 1914, he was transferred to the Constantinople embassy for the Ottoman Empire where he was also Third Secretary. He reported in Constantinople on July 4, 1914. This was on the eve of World War I and Turks was contemplating siding with Germany—Johnson noted the number of German soldiers in Turkish uniforms was increasing. Gradually, the other embassies closed and most Americans left Constantinople, including Johnson's mother and sister. However, before America entered the war, Johnson was ordered to return to Washington, D.C. in 1915. Taking advantage of the recall to take some on leave, he attended a party at Sagamore Hill; there, former President Theodore Roosevelt asked him about Constantinople.

Chili and Bolivia
Next, Johnson was sent to Santiago, Chile, arriving in August 1915. He wrote, "When the Ambassador Henry Fletcher found that I could not speak or type Spanish, in which he was fluent, he gave me 50 pages in Spanish to translate and type. When I came to, several weeks later, I knew something of both." However, Fletcher was replaced with Ambassador Joseph Shea who not only did not know Spanish, but also had no experience in diplomacy. As a result, Johnson did most of the work. In Chile, Johnson implemented what became his diplomacy strategy: "I have always found that one can do best if it is possible to make informal friends with the highest local officials." He befriended Juan, the son of Juan Louis Sanfuentes, president of Chile.

In the summer of 1917, Johnson was sent to La Paz, Bolivia for four months while the minister to Bolivia took leave. At , La Paz is the highest post in the world for U.S. diplomats and it took a while to acclimate to the altitude. The saddle horse he brought from Peru died a few days after arriving in response to the thin air. After his summer in Bolivia, Johnson returned to Chile and resumed his duties.

Washington, D.C.
In February 1918—after six years abroad—Johnson was transferred to Washington D.C. He became the acting chief of the division of Latin American Affairs for the Department of State. However, with responsibility for so many countries, he frequently worked into the night. He left this position in May 1920.

Belgium and Sweden
In 1920, he became the first secretary of the embassy in Brussels, Belgium. While there, he dined with the Queen of Holland the King and Queen of Spain. In early 1922, he was transferred to Stockholm, Sweden where he was the first secretary of the American legation.

Spain
However, he moved on to Madrid, Spain in 1923. Unfortunately, his working relationship with Ambassador Alexander P. Moore was strained—Johnson said that Moore, who had been married to the late Lillian Russell, was a name-dropper who "worshipped royalty and entertained them continually." In addition, Johnson wrote that Moore "was not interested in work," and on top of that was rude to his wife. the Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs also disliked Moore and bypassed the ambassador to negotiate the renewal of the United States commerce agreement and tariffs with Johnson. Johnson also benefited from the ambassador's frequent trips to Paris or the United States as he received invitations to entertainments and dinners at the Royal Palace. In the summer, the diplomatic corps left Madrid for San Sebastián on the sea.

France
In 1924, he became the first secretary of the American embassy in Paris, France. Johnson wrote, "The work was fascinating, covering the European situation resulting from the postwar treaties. I received a commendation from Washington for a long summary of all the treaties France had been a party to since the end of World War I. While in Paris he also had some experiences with American celebrities. After Charles Lindbergh completed his solo flight across the Atlantic, he frequently dined with Johnson. Johnson was also the bride's witness for the marriage of movie star Gloria Swanson and the Marquis De La Falaise De La Coudray on January 28, 1925.

Norway
In August 1927, he was transferred from Paris, to  Oslo, Norway where he was also the first secretary. Johnson said, "My work in Norway was interesting but not exciting. One of my principal reports went into great detail to show that Norwegian socialism was a comparatively healthy national brand and had no relationship or communication with Communist Russia."

Netherlands
In August 1929, he was assigned to serve as the counselor to the legation at The Hague in the Netherlands. A counselor ranks next to the ambassador and is the chargé d'affaires in the ambassador's absence. With its location in the Netherlands, the embassy was a "listening post" for Europe. Johnson noted that Queen Wilhelmina was serious, formal, and "the only woman I remember who completely scared me." Her consort, Prince Henry, was friendly and casual.

Republic of Spain
In December 1933, he was transferred from The Hague, becoming a counselor for the United States embassy in Madrid, Spain. Since his previous post in Spain, the country had become a republic. This time, the ambassador was Claude Bowers, a Jeffersonian Democrat who supported the Republic even though it was corrupt, and had no use for General Francisco Franco. Johnson said, "I wrote the political dispatches until the Franco movement began but since I tried to see the situation objectively, Bowers became dissatisfied with my reporting and took over these dispatches himself. He was impregnated with such a strong bias in favor of the Republicans that there is an inevitable distortion in some of his writings covering the period."

While Johnson was in Spain's summer capital of San Sebastian, the Spanish Civil War began. From July 20 to July 25, 1936, he was trapped at the Continental Palace hotel without any outside communication, along with 25 others consisting of the American embassy staff, the British ambassador, and the German ambassador. When he could get the word out, Johnson reported that "conditions were horrible" and that the city had no government. Author Edna Ferber reported on the situation in Spain from personal experience, writing that 100 leftist soldiers—formerly civilian farmers, peasants, and factory workers—entered the Continental Palace hotel with sub-machine guns and rifles. Despite shooting randomly at walls, the soldiers were "polite to foreigners."

A week later, he was still in Spain, helping American refugees leave the country. Ferber noted, "But before Hallett Johnson left San Sebastian, every American was evacuated. He and his staff have done a superb job."

In January 1937, there was heavy bombing in Madrid across the street from the former Johnson residence. Other bombs fell within 150 yards of the U.S. embassy.

Poland
In 1936, he became the consul general and chargé d'affaires for the embassy in Warsaw, Poland. Part of his duties involved creating economic reports on how this undeveloped country could be helped. Johnson noted the vast difference between the poor and the rich.

Sweden
In December 1937, Johnson was recalled from a leave of absence at his home on Bar Harbor, Maine and was sent to Stockholm, Sweden. He was assigned as the consul general, counselor of legation, and chargé d'affaires. Sweden was located between Germany and Russia, and Norway had already been invaded by the Germans. As a result, Johnson was told to leave his family behind. In April 1940, he warned Americans to prepare to evacuate Stockholm "in case of certain contingencies." Americans were also urged to keep their papers or passport on hand. He also cautioned that the embassy had limited funds to assist people and that transportation would be at a premium for those who waited until the last minute to leave.

As his stay in Stockholm continued, goods were not crossing into Sweden, and items such as coffee, sugar, soap, and washing materials were rationed. In addition, the country was under a blackout and there had been no hot water for two months. On December 10, 1940, Johnson left Stockholm to return to the United States. However, the Germans did not invade Sweden. Later, Johnson wrote the following which was published in The Saturday Evening Post on June 19, 1943:It seems that the eighty-five-year-old monarch, who still played tennis three times a week, got a telephone call from Hitler. "Your majesty, " said Hitler, "it is time that our two countries should begin to cooperate more closely and, eventually, become a nation."

"Now Herr Hitler," said the King, "I am an old man. Too old to take on the rule of eighty million more people."On June 23, 1943, the United States War Office sent Johnson a letter asking for a release to reprint and distribute his piece to the foreign press in Europe and Asia.

State Department
Johnson worked in Washington, D.C. from 1941 through 1945. Most of his work involved the War Supply and Resources Division. He also assisted with negotiations with the Swedish who were selling ball-bearing to the Germans after their factories had been destroyed.

Costa Rica
After the end of WWII, Johnson was given the choice of two positions—returning to Chile or Costa Rica. He chose the latter. On December 13, 1944, he was appointed ambassador to Costa Rica and started his work there on February 14, 1914. A producer of bananas, coffee, and sugar, Costa Rica was considered strategic because of its location near the Panama Canal. As was his practice, he traveled across Costa Rica to get to know the country; he also became friends with president Don Teodoro Picado Michalski and often went horseback riding with him. During the riots of the Vanguardia Popular, Michalski asked Johnson to ride with him in an open car "to reassure the populace of the friendship between Costa Rica and the United States." Despite the cautions of his staff, Johnson agreed. Nothing happened on that drive, but on a leisure trip with the president to an extinct volcano, the volcano became active upon their arrival.

When he realized that most Costa Ricans knew little about the United States and therefore, did not always trust his motives, Johnson met with DeWitt Wallace, the publisher of Reader's Digest. He got Wallace to donate 3,000 free subscriptions to the Spanish version of the magazine for Costa Ricans. Johnson also studied Spanish so that he could give a speech to the Costa Rican Congress in their language. The newspaper, La Prensa Libre reported that deputy Alvaro Cubillo said, "I was greatly pleased by the democratic gesture of Ambassador Johnson."

While in Costa Rica, Johnson established a Cultural Center with a library of American books, established a Lincoln School, acquired land from the Costa Rican government to construct a chancery, and negotiated the purchase of to build an embassy residence. He also met monthly with an advisory committee of American businessmen, as well as with heads of United States government agencies, to improve communication and cooperation.

Franklin D. Roosevelt died in April 1946, and tradition was that ambassadors automatically resign3e when the president changes. However, President Harry Truman did not accept Johnson's resignation, so he continued as the ambassador to Costa Rica. He stayed in this position through May 16, 1947, submitting his resignation for personal reasons on March 25, 1947.

Other work
Johnson continued with the Foreign Service until he retired in 1948. However, he worked on a project for the United States Foreign Operations Administration, preparing a paper on the possibility of an economic union for Central American countries. He also undertook a project that involved finding and reporting on confidential agents in Europe. During this trip, he was able to visit past friends such as Prince Bertil in Sweden and Olaf, now King of Norway.

He also joined the Citizens Committee for Reciprocal World Trade.

Publications

 "Now Herr Hitler." The Saturday Evening Post (June 19, 1943)
 "Civil War in Costa Rica: A Former Diplomat Comments on the present not too Serious Conflict." New York Herald Tribune
 "Service Rivalry." New York Times Herald.
 Diplomatic Memoirs: Serious And Frivolous. New York: Vantage Press, 1963.

Personal life
Johnson married Katherine Elizabeth Steward on May 20, 1920, at Grasslands, her family's home in Goshen, New York. She was the youngest daughter of Margaret Beckman and Campbell Steward of New York City and Goshen. Her uncle was Governor of Rhode Island Robert Livingston Beeckman. They had three children: Hallett Johnson Jr., Katherine Johnson, and Priscilla Johnson. Their oldest daughter, Katherine, was born in Brussels, and daughter Priscilla was born in Stockholm. Their youngest child, son Hallett Johnson Jr., was born in Paris. When not abroad, they lived in Princeton, New Jersey. They also had a summer home at Bar Harbor, Maine called Rosebriar Cottage.

On August 19, 1941, Johnson was one of sixteen prominent Americans who signed a statement urging the support of the 8-point plan proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, prime minister of Great Britain. The statement said, "We must not again lose the peace and should therefore begin an immediate study of world-wide collective security." Other signers included Rev. Samuel Elliott, director of the Religious Education Association; William T. Manning, Episcopal Bishop of New York; Henry Morgenthau Sr., former ambassador and father of the treasury secretary; and George Ashton Oldham, Episcopal Bishop of Albany.

He was an Episcopalian and member of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Society of Colonial Wars. He was also a member of the Union Club of the City of New York, the American Luncheon Club in London, the Chevy Chase Club, and the Metropolitan Club in Washington, D.C. He was also a governor of the Pot and Kettle Club and the Bar Harbor Club.

In 1968, Johnson died at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston at the ages of 79. He was buried at Rosedale Cemetery in Orange, New Jersey.

References

1888 births
1968 deaths
Diplomats from New York City
Hotchkiss School alumni
Williams College alumni
St. Anthony Hall
Columbia Law School alumni
20th-century American lawyers
United States Foreign Service personnel
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
American Episcopalians
People from Bar Harbor, Maine
People from Princeton, New Jersey
People from South Orange, New Jersey


title: Nathaniel P. Davis

text:
Nathaniel Penistone Davis (May 1, 1895 – September 12, 1973) was an American career diplomat.

Davis received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1916, and joined the Foreign Service in 1919. He served as Consul in Recife (then Pernambuco), Brazil from 1926–29, then as Vice Consul in London. He was appointed Consul in London in 1929.  He returned to State Department assignments in Washington, DC, an inspection tour of US diplomatic missions in South America, and a subsequent inspection tour of United States diplomatic missions in the Far East. He was interned in Manila, Philippines from 1942–43.

Davis returned to the Philippines in 1946 as the State Department representative on the staff of the U.S. High Commissioner in the Philippines during the U.S. military occupation. He remained after the independence of the Philippines as Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Manila from 1946–47.

He was American ambassador to Costa Rica from 1947–49, including during the Costa Rican Civil War. He was United States Minister to Hungary from 1949–51.

Diplomatic relations between the US and Hungary were downgraded during the Cold War, and there was no US Ambassador to Hungary during that time. The Minister was the chief of the U.S. diplomatic mission.

During his time as Minister to Hungary, he handled negotiations with the government of Hungary which led to the release of Robert A. Vogeler, an American citizen and Vice President and representative for Eastern Europe of the International Telephone and Telegraph Co. (ITT) who was arrested in Hungary and tried and convicted as a spy.

Davis was awarded the Medal of Freedom in 1946, and the Distinguished Service Award on his retirement from the State Department in 1951.

In 1952, after his retirement, he returned to Washington for a month to conduct a confidential review, at the request of Secretary of State Dean Acheson, of the record of O. Edmund Clubb, a U.S. diplomat who had been accused of being a Communist sympathizer by Senator Joseph R. McCarthy. On the basis of Davis' report that Clubb was not a security risk, Acheson overturned the decision against Clubb by the State Department's loyalty board, and restored Clubb's pension.

Personal life
Davis was born in Princeton, New Jersey on May 1, 1895, the son of John D. Davis (Professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and author of Davis' Bible Dictionary) and Marguerite (Scobie) Davis, grandson of Robert and Anne Williams (Shaw) Davis, and great-grandson of John and Anna Maria (Johnston) Davis.

He was married in 1919 to Sarah Louise Collins. After his retirement, he lived in Glens Falls and Silver Bay, New York, and later in Winter Park, Florida. He died in Winter Park on September 12, 1973, aged 78.

His autobiography, Few Dull Moments: A Foreign Service Career, was self-published in 1967. His papers are in the Harry S. Truman Library and Museum in Independence, Missouri.

References

1895 births
1973 deaths
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Ambassadors of the United States to Hungary
Place of death missing
United States Foreign Service personnel


title: Gardenia pyriformis

text:
Gardenia pyriformis, commonly known as malara, native gardenia or turpentine tree, is a species of plant in the coffee family. It is native to northern Australia where it occurs from the Kimberley region of north-western Western Australia, across the Top End of the Northern Territory to northern Queensland.

Description
It grows as a shrub or small tree to 6 m high. It bears small white flowers at various times of year and hard, ribbed fruits.

Distribution and habitat
It occurs on red sand soils, on pindan sand plains, dunes, stony ridges and scree slopes. In Western Australia it is found in the Central Kimberley, Dampierland, Great Sandy Desert, Northern Kimberley, Ord Victoria Plain and Victoria Bonaparte IBRA bioregions.

Subspecies
 G. p. pyriformis
 G. p. keartlandii (Tate) Puttock
 G. p. orientalis Puttock

References

pyriformis
Eudicots of Western Australia
Gentianales of Australia
Plants described in 1867
Flora of the Northern Territory
Flora of Queensland
Taxa named by Christopher Francis Puttock


title: Joseph Flack

text:
Joseph Flack (December 5, 1894 – May 8, 1955) was an American diplomat who served as ambassador to Bolivia, Costa Rica, and Poland.

He was born in Grenoble, Pennsylvania, the son of Roland Flack and Sallie R. Walter Flack.

References

External links

1894 births
1955 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Ambassadors of the United States to Bolivia
Ambassadors of the United States to Poland
People from Bucks County, Pennsylvania
United States Foreign Service personnel


title: Philip Bracken Fleming

text:
Philip Bracken Fleming (October 15, 1887 – October 6, 1955) was a United States Army general and United States Ambassador to Costa Rica.

Biography
The Iowa-born Fleming was son of John Joseph and Mary Bracken Fleming. From 1905 to 1907 he attended the University of Wisconsin.

Fleming was cadet at the United States Military Academy  from June 15, 1907, until June 13, 1911, when he graduated first in his class. Many of his classmates, such as Charles P. Hall, William H. H. Morris Jr., Alexander Surles, John R. Homer, Raymond A. Wheeler, John P. Lucas, Harry R. Kutz, Herbert Dargue, Ira T. Wyche, Karl S. Bradford, Frederick Gilbreath, Gustav H. Franke, Paul W. Baade, Jesse A. Ladd, Thompson Lawrence, Bethel Wood Simpson, James B. Crawford, Joseph C. Mehaffey, Harold F. Nichols and James R.N. Weaver, became general officers before, during or after World War II

He was promoted to Second Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers.

During his military career, he held the following ranks: August 1, 1935 Lieutenant-Colonel, January 1, 1940 Colonel, February 14, 1941 Brigadier-General (Army of the United States), October 25, 1942 Major-General (Army of the United States), January 31, 1947 Major-General (Regular Army, Retired).

Still serving in the U. S. Army through January 1947, he held several posts in the late 1930s as District Engineer in Maine and Minnesota, then two jobs in the Labor Department, and from December 4, 1941 to May 26, 1949 as Federal Works Administrator.  In 1949 he became Chairman of the US Maritime Commission, and in May 1950 Under-Secretary of Commerce.

From 1951 to 1953, he served as ambassador to Costa Rica. He died on October 6, 1955. Fleming was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

References

External links
Generals of World War II

1887 births
1955 deaths
People from Burlington, Iowa
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
United States Military Academy alumni
Military personnel from Iowa
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
United States Army personnel of World War I
Army Black Knights athletic directors
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
United States Army generals of World War II
Truman administration personnel
United States Army generals
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery


title: Whiting Willauer

text:
Whiting Willauer (1906–1962) was an American ambassador to Costa Rica and Honduras. He is also considered as a key player during the 1954 operation against Arbenz in Guatemala.

Biography

Whiting Willauer was born on November 30, 1906, in New York City, New York. Willauer received his graduation from Princeton University and from the Harvard University Law School.

From 1931 to 1939, he practiced admiralty law in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as an attorney in the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice.

From 1941 to 1944, he served as executive secretary of China Defense Supplies, Incorporated, and also served as director of the Far East and Special Territories Branch of the Foreign Economic Administration during 1944 to 1945.

Along with General Claire L. Chennault, Willauer founded the Civil Air Transport (CAT) company in China in 1946. He was its executive vice president and later he became its president, he remained associated with the Civil Air Transport Company from 1946 until his resignation in 1954. In 1950, Whiting Willauer sold CAT to the Central Intelligence Agency.

He served as ambassador to Honduras from 1954 to 1958 and to Costa Rica from 1958 until his retirement in 1961. One of his key tasks while serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Honduras, after his appointment on 5 February 1954, was to provide the CIA team within neighboring Guatemala with any assistance that they required in the overthrow of that Government of Guatemala led by Jacobo Arbenz Guzman; he was even instructed to report to the CIA via the Under Secretary of State, Walter Bedell Smith, who had previously been the Director of Central Intelligence.

After a short retirement, Whiting Willauer died on 6 August 1962 at Nantucket, Massachusetts.

References

1906 births
1962 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Costa Rica
Ambassadors of the United States to Honduras
Harvard Law School alumni
Princeton University alumni
Storm King School alumni