title: Tina Fernandes Botts

text:
Tina Fernandes Botts is an American legal scholar and philosophy professor currently teaching at the San Joaquin College of Law.  She is known for her work in legal hermeneutics, intersectionality, feminist philosophy, and philosophy of race (particularly mixed-race theory).  Previous posts include Visiting Scholar at Dartmouth College; Visiting Professor of Law at University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law; Assistant Professor of Philosophy at California State University, Fresno; Visiting Assistant Professor of philosophy at Oberlin College; Fellow in Law and Philosophy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Assistant Professor of Philosophy, and Faculty Associate and Area Leader in Public Policy and Diversity, at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. She is the former chair of the American Philosophical Association's Committee on the Status of Black Philosophers (2013-2016).

Education and career
Botts earned her Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Memphis under the supervision of Thomas Nenon, her J.D. from Rutgers School of Law, and her B.A. in philosophy with a minor in physics from the University of Maryland at College Park. Her scholarship is inter-traditional (analytic, continental)  interdisciplinary (philosophy, law), and grounded in the history of philosophy. During her brief time at Oberlin, she was one of several professors that the ABUSUA group demanded placement on the tenure track at Oberlin as part of their list of demands (https://silo.tips/download/oberlin-colleges-abusua-black-student-union-institutional-d).

Research areas

Botts' research areas are constitutional law, philosophy of law (including critical race theory), philosophical hermeneutics, philosophy of race, feminist philosophy, ethical theory, and applied ethics.  Her scholarship centers on the reexamination of laws and other paradigms (ethical, social, political, metaphysical, and epistemological) from the vantage point of the marginalized and oppressed, particularly racialized minority groups. Where a given paradigm is found lacking, Botts advocates alternative approaches or paradigm shifts designed to more fully respect these populations. The suggested paradigm shifts are grounded in insights obtained from philosophical hermeneutics, critical legal theory, and general themes in metaphysics and epistemology as found in the history of philosophy.  Key to Botts' research is the hermeneutical insight that there is an intimate connection between what we take things to be (e.g., a race) and what we take things to mean (e.g., a law), and that both are heavily influenced by context, history, social forces, and the identity of the knower and/or the perceiver of reality.

Awards, fellowships and courtesy appointments

 2021-22: Visiting Scholar, Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
 2015–16: Consortium for Faculty Diversity in Liberal Arts Colleges Postdoctoral Fellow, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
 2014–15: Fellow in Law and Philosophy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
 2009–10: Dissertation Teaching Fellow in Law and Philosophy, Arkansas State University
 2009–10: Provost's Doctoral Fellow, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
 1992–93: Legal Fellow, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Washington, DC
 1991–92: C. Clyde Ferguson Full Tuition Scholarship, Rutgers School of Law, Camden, NJ

Selected works
For Equals Only:  Race, Equality, and the Equal Protection Clause, Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.
"Legal Hermeneutics," Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2015.
 Philosophy and the Mixed Race Experience, Lexington Books/Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
 "Antidiscrimination Law and the Multiracial Experience:  A Reply to Nancy Leong"  10 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal  191, Summer 2013.
 "Hermeneutics, Race, and Gender" in The Routledge Companion to Philosophical Hermeneutics, Jeff Malpas and Hans-Helmuth Gander, eds., London: Taylor and Francis (2014).
 Feminist Thought. 5th Edition, co-authored with Rosemarie Tong, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2013.

References

External links
 tinafernandesbotts.com
 Autobiographical interview with Botts

University of Michigan faculty
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American philosophers
American philosophy academics
University of Memphis alumni
University of Memphis faculty
Rutgers School of Law–Camden alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Arkansas State University faculty
Feminist philosophers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Bupleurum sintenisii

text:
Bupleurum sintenisii is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is referred to by the common name dwarf hare's ear, and is an annual herb, 1–5 cm high, hairless and glaucous. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, linear, 10-20 x 0.5-1.5 mm. The inconspicuous flowers are yellowish to brownish and crowded in umbels. Flowers from May to July. The fruit is a dry schizocarp, covered by hooded bristles.

Habitat
It grows in dry rocky sites with sparse garigue vegetation at 100–200 m altitude.

Distribution
It is endemic to Cyprus where it occurs around Nicosia  (Athalassa) and the area Pergamos-Troulli. It has also been recorded in the Akhna area.

References

 The Endemic Plants of Cyprus, Texts: Takis Ch. Tsintides, Photographs: Laizos Kourtellarides, Cyprus Association of Professional Foresters, Bank of Cyprus Group, Nicosia 1998,

External links
http://www.natureofcyprus.org/detailinfo.aspx?cid=5&recid=208&rowid=54&rowcount=4&pageindex=10&pagesize=5
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2687168

sintenisii
Endemic flora of Cyprus
Taxa named by Paul Friedrich August Ascherson
Taxa named by Ignatz Urban
Taxa named by Rupert Huter


title: Curaçao national under-20 football team

text:
The Curaçao national under-20 football team is the official football team under 20 of Curaçao, under the control of the Curaçao Football Federation.

List of Coaches
  Hans Schrijver (2013–Present)

Current squad
 The following players were called up for the 2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship.
 Match dates: 18 June – 3 July 2022
 Caps and goals correct as of:' 25 June 2022
 Names in italics denote players who have been capped for the senior team.''

References

 Curaçao Under 20, soccerway.com

External links
 Federashon Futbol Korsou; Official website
 Curaçao at the FIFA website.

under-20
Caribbean national under-20 association football teams


title: Heart Made Up on You

text:
Heart Made Up on You is the third EP by American pop rock band R5. It was released on July 22, 2014, through Hollywood Records. Musically, the EP was described as dance-pop with EDM elements.

Background
The band described Heart Made Up on You as a "first taste" of their upcoming second studio album, which was scheduled to be released in early 2015. However, due to further production and revisions, Ross Lynch announced in a radio interview that the band has decided these songs will not appear on the album, because they wanted a "blank slate".

Reception
Rachel Ho of Musichel, praised the band for creating "a sound indigenous to R5". She also added that "with Heart Made Up on You, R5 have once again evinced that they have the magical music touch that will continue taking them to the top." Vivian Pham of Popdust gave the album a rating of 4 out of 5 stars, saying that "R5 always leaves us wanting more." Verity Magazine's Nikole Renee said that the EP "shows a definite growth".

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

R5 (band) albums
2014 EPs
Hollywood Records EPs


title: Por amor (Rafael Solano song)

text:
Por amor is a 1968 bolero by Rafael Solano a native from the Dominican Republic. The song was first and most famously sung by Niní Cáffaro, and has been covered by Lucho Gatica, Marco Antonio Muñiz, Vicki Carr, Jon Secada,  Gloria Estefan and Plácido Domingo.

The lyrics commence:
"Por amor, se han creado los hombres, en la faz de la tierra, por amor, hay quien haya querido, regalar una estrella,.."

References

1968 songs
Boleros


title: Boys and Diamonds

text:
Boys and Diamonds is the debut studio album by husband-and-wife electronica duo Rainbow Arabia. It was released on German electronic record label Kompakt on February 28, 2011, and on March 1, 2011, in the United States.

Critical reception
Boys and Diamonds received widely varying reviews from critics, ranging from an F from Consequence of Sound to an A− from Robert Christgau. Critics who gave the album negative reviews often criticized it for being derivative of world music, or for not living up to the potential of mixing it with electronic pop, as had been Rainbow Arabia's intention. Other critics, though, like Chris Power, praised the album in spite of its derivativeness, because of its memorable hooks, while Allmusic's Rick Anderson wrote that the album exhibited "a well-developed and highly personal sound that draws from any number of exotic musical cultures without depending too much on any one of them."

Track listing
 Boys and Diamonds
 Without You
 Blind
 Nothin Gonna Be Undone
 Papai
 Jungle Bear
 Hai
 Mechanical
 This Life is Practice
 Sayer
 Sequenced

Personnel
Mark Chalecki – mastering
Mudrock – mixing, producer
Rainbow Arabia – engineer, primary artist, producer
Dylan Ryan – drums
Devin Troy Strother – artwork

References

2011 debut albums
Kompakt albums
Electronic albums by American artists


title: Qanater, Hama Governorate

text:
Qanater ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qanater had a population of 256 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Qasr Ali

text:
Qasr Ali ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qasr Ali had a population of 263 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Tassy Johnson

text:
Tassy Johnson (22 September 1916 – 24 April 1981) was an Australian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and the time trial events at the 1936 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the Time Trial at the 1938 British Empire Games in Sydney.

Following his retirement from cycling,  Johnson refereed 27 of the 29 Sun cycling tours of Victoria, Australian championships and the Bendigo Madison.

Johnson died of a heart attack aged 65 in Melbourne on 24 April 1981.

References

External links

1916 births
1981 deaths
Australian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Australia
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Cyclists at the 1938 British Empire Games
20th-century Australian people
People from Essendon, Victoria
Cyclists from Melbourne
Australian referees and umpires
Medallists at the 1938 British Empire Games


title: George Khutsishvili

text:
George Khutsishvili Doctor of Philosophy,  Professor (15November 19484October 2013), was a prominent Georgian public figure, one of the founders of conflictology  in Georgia and the Caucasian region and a scientist in the field of peace and conflict studies. In 1994 he founded the independent non-for-profit and non-partisan International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN). Between 1995 and 2013 he was the publisher of  Peace Times, Conflicts and Negotiations and Alternatives to Conflict’ amongst others. For many years he was invited to work as a professor at different leading universities in Georgia and abroad. George Khutsishvili made significant input into study of the essence of theoretical thinking and the problem of the infinite in the light of philosophy and mathematics (1970-80s). From the 1990s to the end of his days he dedicated his life to establishing and developing peace and conflict studies in Georgia.

Childhood
Khutsishvili was born on 15 November 1948 in Tbilisi to the family of Shota and Sophio (Samiko) Khutsishvili. He quickly developed a professional knowledge of Russian and English, and considered trilingual in English, Russian, Georgian, as well as  a basic knowledge of German, Polish and the Italian languages.

Education and academic degrees

In 1966 Khutsishvili graduated from the Tbilisi I.N.Vekua phys-math secondary school N42, and   enrolled in  Tbilisi State University, in the department of mechanics and mathematics, from which he  graduated in 1971. In 1976, he passed his PhD defense with a thesis on “Infinity and the Problem of its Abstraction in Science” and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1977. The Supreme Attestation Commission (Moscow) awarded him the title of Professor of Philosophy in 1982.  In 1987, he  completed an intensive course in “English Language Simultaneous Translations” and was awarded a diploma. In 1991 he was invited to Kyiv due to his published work in Russian. In 1991 he was awarded  a degree of Doctor of Philosophy  by the Ukraine Academy of Sciences,    In 1995, he was awarded the Harvard Law School Certificate of Negotiation Training of the Program of Instruction for Lawyers.

Professional activities

In 1971–1972, he worked as an applied mathematician at the Institute of Management Systems at the Academy of Sciences of Georgia. In 1972-1979 he worked as a researcher and then as a senior researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Georgian Academy of Sciences.

In 1979,  Khutsishvili was elected  deputy chair of the Methodological Council of the Academy of Sciences, and later was co-chair until 1988. He was frequently invited to deliver public lectures on democratic reforms, which the Methodological Council was conducting regularly in the period of Gorbachev's “Perestroika”.  In October 1988, on behalf of the East German organization Kulturbund, Olaph Krebe, invited him to several leading universities in Germany to deliver a series of lectures (the Alexander Humboldt University, East Berlin, the Karl Marx University, and the Leipzig, Halle and Dresden Universities).

At the end of the 80s,  Khutsishvili started researching various methodologies of finding water, biolocation, and bioenergy. His interest in this field was stirred after meeting with the representatives of American dowsers at a Conference in 1989 in the United States. Later, from the beginning of the 1990s, he became a member of the American Society of Dowsers. In 1989, the Institute of Neotic Sciences invited George Khutsishvili to conduct research and awarded him a membership for one year (1990-1991).

In 1988-1990 he went on to work as the head of the Department of Social Sciences at the Ministry of Education of Georgia. In 1992, the Tbilisi State Institute of Foreign languages and Pedagogical Sciences elected him  full professor. He had earlier since 1981 held the position of associate professor and chair of Philosophy.

The State Committee for Human Rights and Ethnic Relations, established in 1992, opened the Centre for Conflict Analysis, especially for Professor George Khutsishvili.  The Centre functioned for 1 year.

On 8 January 1993,  Khutsishvili  was invited to be a Research Fellow to the Centre for International Security and Arms Control, at Stanford University in the United States While there, he received funding from David Packard,  The American press at that time spoke about George Khutsishvili as a “Fellowship Brings Unique Georgian Perspective to Stanford”. He was offered work as a consultant  the following year in the same Centre, on ethnic conflicts in the post-Soviet space (1994–95).

In the spring of 1993 he was awarded a NATO Research Fellowship (Democratic Institutions Individual Fellowships Program) grant for  “Caucasus Knot of Conflicts in Light of Growing Global Insecurity”. In 1994 he became  associate professor of Conflict and Peace Studies at the Department of International Law and International Relations, at Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, where he worked until 2006.

In 1995 –1997, he was appointed  professor of sociology at the American University of Hawaii's Tbilisi Campus. In 1995, he was elected   Vice - President of the  Academy of Georgian Philosophic Sciences,. He held this position through 1997. He  in 1998, Khutsishvili was invited to the position of professor of Conflict Studies, at the Humanitarian-Technical Department of the Georgian Technical University, where he delivered lectures until 2001.

From 2001 to 2010, George Khutsishvili had been invited to be a member of several state commissions at different ministries to work on Caucasus oil/gas pipeline projects,  public opinion and media, the development of a National Security Concept for Georgia, cooperation with civil society, conflict resolution, elections, and other issues.

In 2006–2011, he held the position of a full professor at the Georgian University. For many years, he worked as a member of the commission for selecting academic positions, and on the scientific board for granting degrees in the social sciences at Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University.

In 2008-2009 he worked as the Chief Investigator of the Multi-track Dialogue for the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict, in an international programme supported by the European Commission. In 2001–2002, 2009, and 2011–2012, he was invited by the USAID to become a member of conflict assessment mission groups in Georgia.

International Centre on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN)

Khutsishvili developed his interest in conflict resolution from the beginning of the 1990s. At that time, this field did not exist in Georgia, while in the west it was rather well developed.  In that period, he worked in the Tbilisi Business School where he first introduced his course of studies in conflictology.

Upon his return from the United States in 1994,  Khutsishvili established the first independent high-profile organization in Georgia, which gave birth to the Georgian educational and scientific programs on conflict and peace studies. George Khutsishvili and 63 other founding members launched their organization at a meeting held on 8 August 1994, where they established “The International Center on Conflicts and Negotiations Strategy”.  He was granted status as the founder. This non-profit organization with international status was registered by the Department of Registration of the Ministry of Justice of Republic of Georgia on 3 October 1994.

On 30 December 1998, the name of the centre was changed to the International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN) ([www.ICCN.ge]).   Khutsishvili headed the center until the end of his life. The Centre continues its  activities  and is a powerful, field-oriented NGO in Georgia, as well as in the Caucasian region.

Peace activities
Starting in 1995, he edited and issued trilingual magazines and bulletins which provided relevant expert and educational materials on conflict and peace issues for conflict affected

populations. With this, he made a valuable contribution to strengthening civil society; (“Conflicts and Negotiations” (1995-2001); “Alternative” (1996-1998); “Monada” (1997-1998); “Alternative to Conflict” (1998-2003); “Peace Times” (2001-2013)).

Since 1995, the foundation has been laid for Georgian-Abkhaz and Georgian-Ossetian dialogues, on the initiative of George Khutsishvili, in the format of public diplomacy. The International Centre on Conflict and Negotiation headed by  Khutsishvili was a pioneer to start dialogue process. He addressed the Abkhaz people at the Conference (1995) in Moscow, proposing to start the first dialogue, where he met Manana Gurgulia and Roman Dbar. Kumar Rupesinkhe, who was then a representative of International Alert (IA), London, took an interest in Khutsishvili's idea, and later the first Georgian-Abkhazian dialogue project was implemented with Rupesinkhe's support. This project lasted for many years. The first Georgian-Abkhazian dialogue took place in July 1996. The process of a Georgian–Ossetian dialogue started in 1995. The famous scientist Roger Fisher contacted professor Khutsishvili and offered his cooperation in the Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian-Abkhazian format (Conflict Management Group (CMG) USA). This is how the Georgian–Ossetian dialogue started with the support and financial aid of the NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council). From the very start, this organization ensured their support to Khutsishvili's Centre in educational programs for IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons). The first Georgian-Ossetian meeting took place in January 1996, in Oslo, upon the request of the NRC.

In 1996,  Khutsishvili held a joint seminar on “Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus” with NATO. This seminar attracted the attention of the West with the following message of his organization: “We need to develop the concept of regional security first, rather than the concepts of national security”. The working topic of this seminar was based on George Khutsishvili's idea, which he had proposed to NATO. In that period, NATO was developing the concept of national security in almost all post–Soviet countries, in order to help the nations. Khutsishvili's idea, which insisted that national security concepts could not be developed without regional security concepts, was considered, discussed and summarized at the seminar. The results were published in the following book in the Georgian and English languages: “Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus”, International Conference materials, 4–6 October 1996, Tbilisi, Georgia. Editor–George Khutsishvili, 1997.  Later, NATO introduced the above approach to many other countries.
In 2003, he was one of the conveners of a special meeting that founded the “Public Movement against Religious Extremism” to counteract the violent actions of religious extremism that had been gaining momentum in that period. In 2003–2013, he was a member of the International Steering Group of the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC). Within the format of this network, he participated in the work of groups studying different conflicts all over the world. As well as that, he was a member of special missions for international conflict studies, prevention and resolution. The organization founded by George Khutsishvili continues its membership in the GPPAC network, and is its representative in the Caucasus.

The first NGO Congress was held in 2006 in Georgia, followed by the Second and Third NGO Congresses, in 2007 and 2008 respectively, in which Georgian NGOs participated extensively.

After the Russian-Georgian War in August 2008, the post-war rounds of Georgian-Russian meetings and negotiations started on the initiative of professor George Khutsishvili, which later was called the Istanbul Process, being named so due to it being the first post-war meeting ever, which was held in Istanbul in November 2008. This very first meeting laid the foundation for expert dialogue, which is still going on within the same format. By means of this dialogue, experts have studied the fundamental reasons of the conflict and the ways towards its resolution, jointly. The materials of this Georgian-Russian dialogue, and the ways discussed of overcoming the crises, have already been published in a book.

G. Khutsishvili was one of the initiators and a founder of the Public Constitutional Commission (PCC), www.konstitucia.ge), which was created in response to the existing political crisis in the country.  This PCC united  constitutionalists and public figures of the country in 2009–2011. The Public Constitutional Commission developed a completely revised version of the Constitution for the country, which was free from political and party interests. This version of  the Constitution of Georgia, which was developed by the authorship of 17 commission members, was published on 9 April 2010 in a book form (an Expanded Concept of the New Edition of the Constitution of Georgia, Tbilisi, 9 April 2010, ).

Death
George Khutsishvili died unexpectedly on 4 October 2013 during a session of the commission for the selection of academic positions.

Publications

The author of 20 monographs and co-author and/or compiling editor of many others; the author or co-author of more than 200 scientific articles published in Georgian, English and Russian languages, one fiction, and many social and political articles in newspapers.

Books
Posthumous Publications
 2018 - George Khutsishvili, HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS, BOOK IV, ICCN, Tbilisi, 2018. ; (in English);
 2018 - George Khutsishvili: Works on Philosophy, Book V, ICCN, Tbilisi, 2018. ; (in Russian);
Author, co-author, editor, publisher
 2013 - Research Paper “Russia-Georgia: reciprocal perception” (editor, head of research group), ICCN, Tbilisi, 2013. ; (in Russian and English languages);
 2013 - A Life dedicated to and Idea (author, editor and publisher). Tbilisi, 2013, The book is dedicated to the life and works of a renowned Georgian inventor Shota Khutsishvili  whose main invention still awaits its proper assessment and recognition. , (in Georgian, Russian and English languages);
 2013 - The Diary of one seminarian, 1879–1882, Alexander Kipshidze (Proneli), (publisher), Tbilisi, 2013, ; (in Georgian language);
 2011 - Letters to the Family (1937-1957), (publisher), Tbilisi, 2011, , (in Georgian language);
 2011 - Russia and Georgia: The Ways Out of the Crisis; Россия и Грузия: Пути выхода из кризиса (editor and co-author). Tbilisi: ICCN & GPPAC,  (in English and Russian languages);
 2010 – In co-authorship, Authots: O.Benidze, O.Gamkrelidze, Ek.Gasitashvili, N.Gvenetadze, G.Inauri, V.Loria, L.Mukhashavria, M.Turava, M.Ugrekhelidze, Z.Koridze, Z.Kutsnashvili, N.Tsikhistavi, V.Dzabiradze, V.Khmaladze, G. Khutsishvili, Z.Jinjolava, Z.Jibgashvili - Enlarged Concept of a New Version of Georgian Constitution, Tbilisi, 2010, Georgia. , (in Georgian and English languages);
 2008 - Civil Society and the Rose Revolution in Georgia (editor and co-author), Tbilisi: Cordaid & ICCN, , (in English & Georgian languages);
 2008  - Minorities in Georgia: Situational Analysis Internally Displaced People, Muslim Meskhs, Religious Minorities, Ethnic Minorities (co-editor). EED & ICCN: Tbilisi , (in Georgian and English languages);
 2003 - Terrorism: What Should We Know About It? Tbilisi: ICCN & Friedrich Naumann Foundation , (in Georgian and Russian languages);
 2003 - In co-authorship with Feride Zurikashvili, Guguli Magradze, Nani Chanishvili, Revaz Jorbenadze. Conflict, Gender and Peacebuilding. Second Edition, UNIFEM: New York City & Tbilisi, , (in Georgian language);
 2002 - The Abkhazia Problem Reflected by Public Opinion: Findings of the Sociological Surveys in Georgia (2001-2002). Tbilisi ICCN (editor), , (in Georgian, Russian and English languages);
 2002 - In co-authorship with Nani Chanishvili, Revaz Jorbenadze, Guguli Magradze, Feride Zurikashvili. Conflict, Gender and Peacebuilding. First Edition, UNIFEM: New York & Tbilisi, , (in Georgian language);
 2002 - Prospects of Conflict Resolution in the South Caucasus: Findings of Sociological Surveys (editor and co-author). Tbilisi:ICCN & Friedrich Ebert Stiftung,  (in Russian and English language);
 2001 - George Khutsishvili, Rusudan Mshvidobadze, George Nizharadze. Integration and Conflict Resolution in the South Caucasus: Reality or Illusion? (Findings of Sociological Surveys). Tbilisi: ICCN,  (in Russian language with English Summary);
 2000-2001 - How to Resolve Conflicts (ICCN Peace Education Series I-IV, editor). Tbilisi: ICCN, (I - ; II - ; III - ; IV - ), (in Georgian language);
 1999 - Restoring the Culture of Peace in the Caucasus : A Human Solidarity Document (editor), by Marina Pagava. Tbilisi: ICCN, , (in Georgian and English language);
 1998 - Understanding Conflict. Tbilisi: ICCN (editor & co-author); , (in English language);
 1997 - Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus. Materials of the NATO-ICCN Workshop (chair & co-author, ed). Tbilisi: ICCN, (in Georgian and English language);
 1989 - Genesis of the Structure of Theoretical Thinking. Tbilisi: Academic Press, 1989, , (in Russian language);
 1981 - The Problem of the Infinite in the Light of Modern Science. Tbilisi: Academic Press, 1981, X/10503/M607(06)-81/192-81, (in Russian language).

Other

 S.O.S. (psychological story). На холмах Грузии (Литературный альманах). Tbilisi, No.12. 2010. Reprinted from Filosofskaya i Sociologicheskaya Mysl. (Publication of the Ukraine Academy of Sciences) Kyiv, #11, 1991. Originally published in the collection of Georgian writers “The House under the Plane Trees”. Tbilisi: Merani Publishers, 1988. Reprinted twice in Russian and once in Ukrainian; unpublished English translation made in USA is available from the author;
 2002 - Dali's Stairway to Heaven, or the Sacred Geometry of the Cross. Peace Times (quarterly bilingual magazine), #4, 2002. ICCN: Tbilisi;
 1996-2004 CultureGram: Republic of Georgia. (CultureGrams are published by Axiom Press), also available at www.culturegrams.com and Microsoft Encarta World Encyclopedia CD-ROM;

References

1948 births
2013 deaths
Scientists from Georgia (country)
Philosophers from Georgia (country)
Educators from Georgia (country)
Tbilisi State University alumni


title: List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2014

text:
This is a list of Norwegian football transfers in the summer transfer window 2014 by club. Only clubs of the 2014 Norwegian Premier League are included. The window opened on 15 July and closed on 11 August 2014.

2014 Norwegian Premier League

Aalesund

In:

Out:

Bodø/Glimt

In:

Out:

Brann

In:

Out:

Haugesund

In:

Out:

Lillestrøm

In:

Out:

Molde

In:

Out:

Odd

In:

Out:

Rosenborg

In:

Out:

Sandnes Ulf

In:

Out:

Sarpsborg 08

In:

Out:

Sogndal

In:

Out:

Start

In:

Out:

Stabæk

In:

Out:

Strømsgodset

In:

Out:

Viking

In:

Out:

Vålerenga

In:

Out:

References

External links

Norway

2014

Transfers


title: Rabda

text:
Rabda ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rabda had a population of 642 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Kharsan

text:
Kharsan (; formerly known Ras al-Ayn) is a Syrian village located in the Hamraa Subdistrict of the Hama District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kharsan had a population of 931 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

References

Alawite communities in Syria
Populated places in Hama District


title: Operation Autumn

text:
Operation Autumn () is a 2012 film directed by Bruno de Almeida and starring John Ventimiglia and Carlos Santos. A political thriller about the operation that lead to the brutal assassination of General Humberto Delgado, killed by the Portuguese police in 1965, during the Estado Novo regime. It was released on 22 November 2012.

Cast

Accolades

References

External links

2010s historical thriller films
Thriller films based on actual events
Films produced by Paulo Branco
Portuguese historical films
Portuguese thriller films
Films directed by Bruno de Almeida


title: Rasm al-Daheriyah

text:
Rasm Eldaheriyeh ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Eldaheriyeh had a population of 469 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Rasm al-Ward

text:
Rasm al-Ward ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Elward had a population of 483 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Thomas J. Barton

text:
Thomas J. Barton is an American chemist who served as the president of the American Chemical Society in 2014.

Biography
He graduated from Lamar University, and from University of Florida in 1967.
He was a post-doctoral fellow with National Institutes of Health  at the Ohio State University.

He is a professor at Iowa State University.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American chemists
Lamar University alumni
University of Florida alumni
Iowa State University faculty


title: List of songs recorded by Tupac Shakur

text:
The following is a list of recorded songs by American rapper Tupac Shakur.

1994- Loyal to the Game (2Pac feat. Treach & Riddler) - Regulate (single) (Prod. Reginald Heard)

1996- High 'Til I Die - Sunset Park (soundtrack) (Prod. Tony Pizarro)

See also
 Tupac Shakur discography

Songs
Tupac Shakur


title: Ruhayyah

text:
Ruhayyah ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama, Syria.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rohaya had a population of 1715 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Charles Musgrave

text:
Charles Musgrave is an American chemist, engineer and materials scientist. He won the 1993 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology.

He earned his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology in 1994, his B.S. at the University of California at Berkeley and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He previously taught chemical engineering and materials science and engineering at Stanford University and chemistry at Harvard University. He currently teaches at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he is professor, associate dean for graduate education in the college of engineering and applied science and served as the chair of the department of chemical and biological engineering from 2016 to 2020.

His field of research involves using computational quantum mechanical and machine-learning methods to model molecular processes and materials. The goals of his research include the discovery and design of materials for catalysis, energy conversion and storage as well as the chemistry of microelectronics, nanofabrication and polymerization.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American chemists
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Colorado Boulder faculty


title: Shihat al-Hamraa

text:
Shihat al-Hamraa ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shihet Elhamra had a population of 741 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Al-Samaqiyah al-Qibliyah

text:
Smaqiyeh Qabliyeh ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Smaqiyeh Qabliyeh had a population of 748 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Juan Felipe

text:
Juan Felipe Alves Ribeiro, better known as Juan Felipe, (born 5 December 1987) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Enosis Neon Paralimni.

Career
Juan Felipe played for Santo Andre and Red Bull Brasil, before moving to Bolivia in 2012 to play for Oriente Petrolero. Felipe only made nine league appearances during the season with Oriente Petrolero, scoring one goal. After one season in the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano he moved to São Carlos.

On 12 July 2014, Juan Felipe signed with Bulgarian side CSKA Sofia on a two-year deal. He made his debut in a 4–0 home win over Haskovo on 10 August, coming on as a second-half substitute. His first goal came twenty days later, netting the 3rd in a 3–0 away win over Lokomotiv Plovdiv. On 30 November, Felipe missed a penalty for CSKA in a 0–0 draw against Marek Dupnitsa at Bonchuk Stadium.

On 29 March 2018, Felipe signed a one-year contract, with the option of an additional year, with Kazakhstan Premier League club FC Kairat.

Club statistics

Honours

Club
Vardar
Macedonian First League: 2015–16, 2016–17
Macedonian Super Cup: 2015

References

External links
Juan Felipe at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)

1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Esporte Clube Santo André players
Red Bull Bragantino II players
Oriente Petrolero players
São Carlos Futebol Clube players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
FK Vardar players
FC Kairat players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Bolivian Primera División players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Macedonian First Football League players
Kazakhstan Premier League players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in North Macedonia
Expatriate men's footballers in Kazakhstan
Sportspeople from São Vicente, São Paulo
Footballers from São Paulo (state)


title: Suruj

text:
Suruj ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Suruj had a population of 871 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Sammy Vomáčka

text:
Sammy Vomáčka (born Jiří Vomáčka; 17 August 1946 in Brandýs nad Labem) is a Czech guitarist. He started as a rock musician. Since the late 1960s he lived in Germany and later toured in Europe and the United States. He returned to Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution and played there many concerts.

Discography
Ragtime Guitar (1974)
Come to My Kitchen (1975)
Rags & Tunes (1977)
Live! (1980)
Ragtime, Blues & Jazz Guitar (1998)

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
Czech guitarists
Male guitarists


title: Glossary of geothermal heating and cooling

text:
The Glossary of Geothermal Heating and Cooling provides definitions of many terms used within the Geothermal heat pump industry. The terms in this glossary may be used by industry professionals, for education materials, and by the general public.

A

Active Borehole Length

 The length of the U-bend in the borehole below the header trench (usually 4 to 6 feet less than the total borehole length from the surface).

Ambient Air

 The surrounding air (usually outdoor air or the air in a specific location).

Ambient Ground Temperature

  The natural temperature of the earth in a specific location. This temperature will typically be quite stable at a depth of 30' (9 m) and is usually close to the annual average air temperature of the area and is influenced primarily by the average air temperature and secondarily by the thermal energy absorbed from the sun. While the ambient ground temperature is constant, as heat is extracted or rejected via the ground heat exchanger (GHX), the temperature will vary.  Typically, a GHX is designed to operate at a minimum fluid temperature of about 32°F (0°C) and a maximum fluid temperature of 90°F (32°C)

Annual Ground Load

 Defined to be the difference between the annual amount of heat rejected to the GHEX in the cooling mode and the annual amount of heat extracted from the GHEX in the heating mode.

Antifreeze

  A variety of Antifreeze solutions are used in geothermal ground loops.  The most common types are: Propylene glycol, Methanol, and Ethanol

As-Built Drawing

 A detailed drawing that shows everything included on the site plan in addition to the exact location, dimensions, and other pertinent details for a given GHEX installation after the installation is complete.

Auxiliary Heat

  A supplemental source of heating to provide additional heat to assist a geothermal heating and cooling system.  Auxiliary heat can also be used as back-up emergency heat if heat pump goes into fault.

Average Efficiency

  Seasonal average versus peak Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) or coefficient of performance (COP).

B

Balance Point Temperature

 The outdoor air temperatures where internal heat gains from people, appliances, etc. offset the envelope heat loss to the atmosphere. It is at the balance point temperatures where no indoor heating or cooling will be required to maintain the temperature of the home at the thermostat set point.

Bend

 A fitting either molded separately or formed from pipe for the purpose of accommodating a directional change.

Bentonite Grout

 A common grout mix used to protect aquifers from ground or cross contamination and ensure good contact between loop and surrounding soil.

Best Practice

Commonly accepted practices among industry professionals.

Bin

 In the bin method, a temperature increment, usually 5 F, into which the range of temperatures for an area are divided. Bins are used to produce a frequency distribution of hourly, monthly, or annual outdoor temperature occurrences for a specified location.

Bleed

  Discharge of water from a standing column well to maintain desired temperatures

Block Load

 Defined to be the sum of the zone loads. A block load calculation is necessary for a building with multiple zones served by a centralized heating/cooling system.

Blowers

 Fans used to force air across the heat exchanger. With a ground source heat pump, the only blower used is to force air through the central heating system.

Brine

  A mixture of water and antifreeze

Buffer Tank

 A storage tank for geo conditioned water

Building Management System

 A computerized or digital control system that controls many or all of the systems in a building, including the HVAC system, lighting system, building access controls, etc.

C

Centralized Pumping System

 Flow centers located centrally in a ground source system that produce flow to all heat pump units in that system.

Circulating Pump(s)

 The pump(s) that circulates the fluid in the closed-loop system during normal operation.

Closed-Loop System

 The heat exchange loop in a GSHP system that consists of the ground heat exchanger, the circulating pump, and the water-source heat pump in which the heat transfer fluid is not exposed to the atmosphere.

Coaxial Heat Exchanger

 A tube in tube heat exchanger where water (or brine) is separated from refrigerant.

Coefficient of Performance

 A measure of heat pump efficiency.  It is calculated by dividing the heating or cooling output of a heat pump (in BTUs/hr) and dividing it by the energy input (converted to BTUs/hr).

Coil

 A heat exchanger used to transfer energy from one source to another. In ground source heat pumps, water-to-refrigerant and refrigerant-to-air coils are used.

Combination GSHP Unit

 A GSHP that has the ability to heat or cool air at full capacity or to heat or cool water at full capacity, but not both at the same time.

Condenser

 A heat exchanger in which hot, pressurized (gaseous) refrigerant is condensed by transferring heat to cooler surrounding air, water, or earth.

Compressor

 The central component of a heat pump system. The compressor increases the pressure of a refrigerant fluid, and simultaneously reduces its volume, while causing the fluid to move through the system.

D

Deep Earth Temperatures

 Relatively constant temperature at a given depth which vary when heat is extracted or rejected by ground loops.

Degree Day

 A measure of the severity and duration of an outdoor temperature deviation above or below a fixed temperature (65 F), used in estimating the heating or cooling requirement and fuel consumption of a building for either summer or winter conditions.

Delta P

Difference in pressure between two test points

Delta T

Temperature difference between two test sites such as supply and return air or entering and leaving water in ground loop.

Demand (DMD)

 The electrical input required to operate a GSHP unit for space conditioning.

Design Loop Temperatures
  Temperatures that the ground loop is designed to stay above during the heating mode and below during cooling mode.

Design Outdoor Temperature

  Outdoor air temperatures that coincides with the peak seasonal heating or cooling load.

Design Loads

 The peak heating or cooling load used to select the equipment for a system (such as a heat pump) and to design the air distribution system (supply air diffusers, return air grilles, and the duct system). Design loads are based on standard or accepted conditions for a given locality (a design day).

Design Temperature, Summer

 A specific temperature used in calculating the cooling load of a building. The summer design temperature is typically the outdoor air temperature that is exceeded 0.4% or 1.0% of the time.

Design Temperature, Winter

 A specific temperature used in calculating the heating load of a building. The winter design temperature is typically the outdoor temperature that is exceeded 99.0% or 99.6% of the time.

Desuperheater

A device for recovering superheat from the compressor discharge gas of a heat pump or central air conditioner for use in heating or preheating water. Also known as a heat recovery water heater.

Dimension Ratio (DR)

 A specific ratio of the average specified outside diameter to the minimum specified wall thickness (OD/t) for outside-diameter controlled plastic pipe.

Direct Expansion (DX) Earth-Coupled Heat Pump

 A heat pump system in which the refrigerant is circulated in pipes buried underground.

Distributed Pumping System

 A system made up of smaller, individual pumping stations (one flow center for each heat pump) each controlled individually by the operation of the specific heat pump unit that they serve.

Dual Circuit GSHP Unit

 A GSHP which utilizes two compressors (generally of different capacities) connected to two refrigeration circuits to allow multiple modes of operation. This unit may use one compressor in heating or cooling of ducted air only, one compressor to heat water only, one compressor heating or cooling air while the other is heating water, or both compressors either heating or cooling air.

E

Efficiency

 A measure of the useful output of a system divided by the input required to drive the system.

Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

 A measure of cooling efficiency for heat pump equipment, expressed as the cooling energy removed from the space (Btu) divided by the electric energy consumed to provide that cooling (W).

Energy Loads

 Used in predicting the energy necessary to operate the system for some prescribed time such as a month, year, or season. The calculation methodology may be the same as for the design load; however, the actual operating and weather data are used instead of design conditions.

Energy Model

 A detailed heat loss and heat gain calculation for a building. The calculation takes into account heat transfer to and from the space inside the building to the outside air. It takes into account the construction of the building walls and roof, including insulation values, mass of the structure, orientation of the different components to the sun, color of the material. An 8,760 hourly model is used to calculate the heat loss/gain based on the historical average temperature data (usually 20 years) for the building location. The modeler then overlays building occupancy schedules, lighting schedules, ventilation, etc. to account for internal heat gains, heat losses and gains from the mechanical system, etc. in detail, on a room by room basis. The software than calculates the actual heating and cooling loads required for every hour of the year. The detailed energy analysis allows us to calculate the energy consumption per day, month or year. This can be translated into energy cost based on local utility rates. It also allows us to calculate energy transfer to and from the GHX and size the system accurately.

Emergency Heat

  A backup heat source that is activated if heat pump shuts off.  The most common form of emergency heat is electric resistance.

Entering Water Temperature (EWT)

  The temperature of the water entering the heat pump from the ground loop heat exchanger.  Systems are designed so that the entering water temperature does not fall below the Minimum Entering Water Temperature during heating or rise above the Maximum Entering Water Temperature during cooling.  Entering water temperature has a significant effect on heat pump operating efficiency.

Equipment Loads

 Loads served by the heating/cooling system that are not included in peak heating/ cooling block load calculations. These loads include duct and hydronic piping losses/gains as well as ventilation loads.

Evaporator

 A heat exchanger in which cold, low-pressure (liquid) refrigerant is vaporized to absorb heat from the warmer surrounding air, earth, or water.

Expansion Valve

 A device that reduces the pressure of liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator and meters and regulates the flow of refrigerant so that it can properly absorb heat.

F

Fan Coil

 A water or refrigerant coil through which air is circulated for conditioning

Finish Tank

  Water heater downstream of a buffer tank

Flow Center

 A packaged set of circulating pumps mounted in a cabinet, which often includes valves and ports for flushing/purging, antifreeze charging (if used), and loop pressurization (if a pressurized flow center is used).

Flow Meter

  A device that indicates water flow (often in gallons per minute)

Flow Rater

  Component that reduces fluid flow to a specified rate (such as 4 gpm).

Fluid Factor

  A factor, F, used in calculating geoexchange rate, G, in BTUs/hr.

  where  is in °F and Q is gallons per minute.
  For water, F is approximately 500.  For antifreeze solutions, F is approximately 485.

Flush Cart

 A system which integrates the purge pump with the valving, hose connections, electrical connections, filtration, and reservoir tank on a hand cart for maximum portability and ease of use during operation. Flush carts fabricated for residential or light commercial use will typically utilize high-head, high-volume purge pumps from 1-1/2 hp to 3 hp in size.

Flow Regime

 The nature of fluid flow in any situation. Flow regime can either be regarded as laminar, transitional, or turbulent.

Flushing Velocity

 Velocity of fluid (often stated in feet/second) required to force air out of any pipe in a ground loop heat exchanger, generally accepted minimum is 2 feet/sec.

Forced Air

 System that conditions a space by circulating air through a heat exchanger or fan coil

Fossil Fuel System

 A home heating system that uses natural gas, liquid propane or fuel oil.

Fusion

  Method of joining loop pipes together. Most common are socket fusion, butt fusion or electro fusion.

G

Gauge Pressure

 Pressure reading directly taken from a pressure sensor or gauge (psi).

GeoExchange System

 A system that utilizes renewable thermal energy in the shallow subsurface to extract or reject heat.

Geo Stab

  Fusionless loop fittings

Ground Coupled Heat Pump

 See Ground Source Heat Pump

GHX Circuit

  Most GHX's are designed and built with one or more "supply and return runout pipe pairs". Connected to the runout pipe pairs are 2 or more GHX circuits that are installed in vertical boreholes, horizontal trenches or submerged in bodies of water. The GHX circuits are the primary heat exchange surface areas that absorb heat from the ground or water or reject heat to it.

Geothermal Heat Pump

  A refrigeration-based system that extracts or rejects heat (BTUs) from an open or closed loop system

Ground loop

  See Ground Heat Exchanger.

Ground Heat Exchanger (GHX)

 A heat exchanger buried in the ground around or under a building. Typically it is built by burying a continuous coil of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or cross linked polyethylene (PEX) pipe in the ground. The pipe can be buried in excavated trenches 4' to 10' (1.3 to 3 m) deep, inserted into horizontal or vertical boreholes, or laid in the bottom of a pond, lake or the ocean.

Ground Loads

 Associated with ground source systems and related to the design of the GHEX. In principle, these calculations are similar to the energy loads except the ground load is heat rejected to the ground (cooling mode) or removed from it (heating mode).

Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)

 A heat pump system that uses the ground as a heat source and/or heat sink.

In a closed loop system, the heat exchanger is typically coils of high-density polyethylene pipe installed in the ground under or around a building. A heat transfer fluid, usually water or water mixed with antifreeze (propylene glycol, ethanol or methanol), is circulated through this pipe, warming or cooling to the temperature of the earth or rock around it.

In open loop systems the pipe draws water from a well, lake or pond. After it is warmed or cooled the water is returned via a discharge well or back to the lake or pond.

The fluid from the open or closed loop is circulated through a heat pump. The refrigerant in the heat pump either extracts heat from the fluid or rejects heat to it, cooling or warming the refrigerant. When heat is absorbed by the refrigerant, the heat pump boosts its temperature and sends it to the air handler to circulate hot air to heat the home and (optionally) to a hot water heater to produce domestic hot water. The now cooled fluid goes back into the closed loop or, in an open loop system, is sent back to its source.

When the heat pump cools the building, the air handler transfers the heat to the heat pump's refrigerant, warming it and the heat transfer fluid. The now heated fluid circulates back into the closed loop for cooling back to the ambient ground temperature. In an open loop system is sent to the discharge well or back into the lake or pond.

Grout

 A material used during the grouting process specifically designed to form a hydraulic barrier in the borehole and to promote transfer between the GHEX piping and the earth. Most grouting products are bentonite-based with fewer being cement-based.

Grouting

 The practice of making a conscious effort to form a hydraulic barrier in a borehole to protect the integrity of the deep earth environment. Proper grouting implies that an approved grouting material is used and that it is placed in the hole starting through a tremie line, filling it from bottom to top.

H

Header

 A manifold that joins parallel loops to a common header pipe

Heat Energy

 Thermal energy (often measured in BTUs) that is transferred from and to ground loop with the heat pump.

Heat Exchanger

 A device, often a coil, specifically designed to transfer heat between two physically separated fluids of different temperatures.

Heat of extraction (HE)

  Thermal energy removed from the ground loop and provided to the building during heating mode.  This is commonly referred to as geoexchange and is recognized as renewable thermal energy.  Commonly expressed in BTU/hr

Heat of Extraction

 The portion of a GSHP's heating capacity that is extracted from the earth in the heating mode. Heat of extraction is always smaller than the heating capacity of the heat pump because the electrical power consumption of the compressor, fan, and pumps add to the heating capacity of the GSHP.

Heat Fusion

 Making a joint by heating the mating surfaces of the pipe components to be joined and pressing them together so that they fuse and become essentially one piece.

Heat Gain

 When cooling a building the heat gain is the amount of btus a system must be able to reject elsewhere

Heat Load

Heat load is a calculation that identifies both the heat gain and the heat loss

Heat Loss

 When heating a building the heat loss is the total number of btus that a system needs to extract from elsewhere or produce through combustion or resistance

Heat Pump

 A mechanical device used for heating and cooling which operates by pumping heat from a cooler to a warmer location. Heat pumps can draw heat from a number of sources, e.g., air, water, or earth, and are most often either air source or water source.

Heat of rejection (HR)

 The amount of heat that must be rejected to the earth in the cooling mode to provide cooling to the space. The heat of rejection is always larger than the cooling capacity of the heat pump because the electrical power consumption of the compressor, fan, and pumps must also be rejected to the heat sink (ground connection).

Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning System

 A building system designed to maintain the required temperature and air quality in occupied spaces in a building. It includes equipment that provides heating and cooling to the distribution system, which delivers this conditioned air to all parts of a building, as well as adequate air quality by ventilating and filtering the air. Often referred to as "HVAC."

Heat Sink

 The medium—air, water, earth, etc.—which receives heat from a heat pump.

Heat Source

 The medium—air, water, earth, etc.—from which heat is extracted by a heat pump.

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF)

 A measure of heating efficiency for air source heat pump equipment on an annual basis, expressed as the heating energy provided to the space (Btu) divided by the electric energy consumed (Watt-hour) over the entire heating season.

Heat Transfer Resistance

 A system's resistance to heat flow resulting from the specific thermal properties and dimensions of the system.

Horizontal loop

  See description here

Hybrid System

  For residential systems, this typically refers to package units that can provide space heating and domestic hot water.  In commercial applications, this typically refers to systems that consist of multiple types of heating/cooling systems.

Hydronic

 A heating or cooling distribution system using liquid piped throughout the house to radiators or convectors.

I

Inhibitor

 A fluid additive specifically designed to decrease the rate of oxidation in metal (rust) and promotion of microbial life (bacteria) in the closed-loop circulating fluid.

Integrated Design Process (IDP)

 A process used when designing a building in which all of the stakeholders in a project work closely together in an attempt to achieve the most efficient building and system possible. As an example, a lighting designer may determine that the energy cost savings from installing more efficient lighting in a building is not very cost-effective because the electricity saved by the lighting will not pay for the additional cost of installing the lights for more than 30 years...and would normally recommend against installing the lighting. But, when the reduced heat gain from more efficient lighting is taken into account, the capacity of the cooling system can be reduced enough to pay for the more efficient lighting, and savings resulting from both the lighting and cooling system are taken into account, it results in an overall saving for the owner.

Internal Gains

 In load calculations internal gains are things that contribute heat in a building such as lighting and other appliances.

J

Joint

 The location at which two pieces of pipe or a pipe and a fitting are connected.

K

L

Laminar Flow

  Fluid that flows in static layers with no intermixing.  See Laminar flow

Latent Cooling Load

 The amount of moisture that must be removed to  the space at the desired humidity level.

Latent Heat

 The thermal energy required for water to make a phase change from vapor (humidity) to liquid (water condensate that runs down the drain) or liquid to solid (ice). See Latent heat

Leaving Air Temperature (LAT)

Leaving Water Temperature (LWT)

Loop System

 The ground heat exchange for a heat pump. It is either open or closed loop.

M

Manual J

 Among the most common load calculation formula.

Maximum EWT

 In loop field design, the maximum entering water temperature is what you size your loops not to exceed during the cooling season

Minimum EWT

 In loop field design the minimum entering water temperature (from the GHX) permitted throughout the heating season

Methanol

 Commonly used antifreeze.  See Methanol

Monitoring System

 Monitoring systems in the context of a geothermal system are used to monitor efficiency and operation. Some also give notices for maintenance such as filter changes and alerts for trouble such as excessive auxiliary use. This system could be linked to the internet for remote monitoring, could be in the form of an electric meter, an hour counter or a web based monitor or thermostat.

Multi-pipe Trench

 A horizontal loop generally consisting of 2, 4 or 6 pipes. Pipes may be pinned to trench walls for separation or may have one course on the bottom of the trench and a second course after a foot or two of backfill.

Multi-source heat pump

 A heat pump with access to more than one source/sink element of thermal energy. Common elements include, ground, solar, air, biomass, waste heat. Often applied with a thermal battery or thermal energy storage devices.

N

Non-Pressurized Flow Center
A flow center that maintains a flow of water into the suction side of the pump (maintaining a flooded volute and reliable pump operation) by having the pump located directly adjacent to a column of water (in a canister).  As a result, the system can operate at "zero" or atmospheric pressure.  Thus the term "non-pressurized" simply means a device that allows for reliable pump operation without the need to elevate the system pressure (typically 20-60 psig for pressurized systems).  Non-pressurized does not mean that the system is open to the atmosphere, but simply a closed sealed system that operates at atmospheric pressure.

O

Open Loop

 A system using water from a well, lake or pond that is discharged to a drain, re-injected into a return well or returned to the same well, lake or pond it was extracted from.

P

P/T Port

 Generally at or close to where water or brine enters and leaves the geothermal unit, a P/T port is an opening where one may insert a gauge to measure pressure (P) or temperature (T).

Package System

 In geothermal terms, a self-contained forced water to air system. Both the refrigeration and air handling systems are in one unit.

Passive Solar

 A system that extracts heat energy from the sun through an intermediary. In the context of geothermal, the sun warms the earth and the loop system collects that solar energy for space conditioning.

Percent of Load

 In the geothermal context the percent of load is usually the amount of seasonal btus provided by each of the geothermal stages. This is not the same than a percentage of the actual heat loss/gain. Peak loads happen infrequently so 98% of the seasonal load might be 60% of peak the peak load.

Performance Factor

 The ratio of useful output capacity of a system to the input required to obtain it. Units of capacity and input need not be consistent.

Pond Loop

 Loop system placed in a pond or lake instead of buried under ground.

Positive Displacement Pump

 A pump that moves a set volume of fluid through the system for each revolution of the driving shaft. Positive displacement pumps are commonly used in conjunction with highsolids grouting materials.

Power Flushing

 A higher than normal water flow and pressure in a ground heat exchanger used to flush air and debris from the closed-loop piping system.

Pressure Drop

 In geothermal pressure drop most commonly refers to a measurement of entering and leaving water pressures at the unit to determine gallons per minute of flow through the coaxial heat exchanger. In general hydronics including loop fields it is also a factor in design that must be overcome with pumping power to deliver desired GPM.

Pressurized Flow Center

 A flow center that typically consists of circulating pumps mounted in a cabinet. Positive pressure must be maintained on the system at all times (via pressurization of the lines) to ensure positive suction-side pressure on the pumps in order to produce flow.

Pressure Rating

 The estimated maximum pressure that the medium in the pipe can exert continuously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur.

Pump Curve

 A curve used to display the amount of back pressure (head loss, feet) that a given circulating pump would be able to overcome at a given flow rate, typically provided by the pump manufacturer.

Pump and Dump

 Open loop system adds heat to or removes it from water and then discharges it.

Purge Pump

 A high-pressure and high-flow-rate pump used to flush air and debris from the closed-loop circuit of a closed-loop/ground-source (cl/gs) heat pump system.

Q

R

Racetrack

 Multi pipe trench of generally 2, 4 or 6 pipes

Radiant

 In the context of geothermal, hydronic radiant floors walls or ceilings are one way to deliver/extract heat.

Refrigerant

 A fluid of extremely low boiling point used to transfer heat between the heat source and heat sink. It absorbs heat at low temperature and low pressure and rejects heat at a higher temperature and higher pressure, usually involving changes of state in the fluid (i.e., from liquid to vapor and back).

Return (Air)

 Air returned to the space conditioning unit from the conditioned space.

Reversing valve

 A refrigerant valve that reverses refrigerant flow to determine whether system is heating or cooling

Reverse return

 On closed loop headers the parallel loop that is closest to the heat pump on one header would return farthest from the heat pump on the other.

Reynolds number

  The Reynolds number is used to determine flow conditions in the ground loop heat exchanger.  Turbulent flow is desirable as it enhances the heat exchange process.

Rule of Thumb

 An estimate based on limited information. In geothermal "rules of thumb" are generally not considered best practice, especially not for sizing equipment or loopfields.

Run Fraction

 The fraction of time that a GSHP system operates to condition a space for a given period of time, expressed as a decimal.

Run Time

 The number of hours that a GSHP system operates to condition a space for a given period of time.

S

Saturated Liquid

 The temperature and pressure where refrigerant is all liquid, but will immediately begin to evaporate with addition of heat.

Saturated Vapor

 The temperature and pressure where refrigerant is all vapor, but will immediately begin to condense with removal of heat.

Saturation Temperature

 The temperature at which refrigerant will either immediately condense with the removal of heat (if in the vapor phase) or evaporate with the addition of heat (if in the liquid phase) at a given pressure.

Scaling

 The build up of water impurities on the inside surface of the water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger in a GSHP, primarily caused by hardness and alkalinity of the water. This problem occurs primarily in open-loop systems and can cause fouling in the heat exchanger, diminishing the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the system.

Schedule

 A pipe size and wall thickness classification system (outside diameters and wall thicknesses) originated by the iron pipe industry.

Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER)

 A measure of cooling efficiency for air source heat pump equipment on an annual basis, expressed as the cooling energy removed from the space divided by the electric energy consumed over the entire cooling season.

Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF)

 A measure of efficiency for heat pumps on a seasonal basis, based on a specified boundary scheme that specifies which electrical measurements are taken into account in the calculation (e.g., ground loop pump, fan, heat pump controls, backup heaters, etc.). The methodology of calculating the SPF makes it possible to compare the heat pump system with common heating systems like oil or gas. By this comparison it is also possible to calculate the CO2- and primary energy reduction potential from different heat pump systems compared to other heating systems.

Sensible Cooling Load

 The amount of sensible heat that must be removed to maintain the space at the thermostat set point temperature.

Sensible Heat

 Thermal energy required to change the temperature of water or air.  See Sensible heat

Sensible Heat Factor (SHE)

 The percentage of the total cooling load that can be attributed to the sensible load. Defined to be sensible cooling load divided by the total load, expressed as a decimal.

Series System

 A system in which the circulating fluid from the heat pump(s) has a single flow path through the ground heat exchanger.

Short Looped

 In geothermal a "short looped" system is one which fails to maintain minimum and maximum entering water temperatures due to inadequate design.

Site derived renewable fraction (SDRF)

  The percentage of total annual energy usage that is derived on site or locally from renewable elements and was not imported into the site. This includes both thermal energy (solar thermal, earth energy, biomass, etc.) as well as electrical energy (photo-voltaics, deep geothermal, hydro-electric, etc.)

Site Plan

 A detailed drawing that shows where buildings, buried utilities, landscaping, permanent fencing, etc. are located on a property and also where a potential GHEX could be installed.

Slinky loop

 A type of loop that is coiled much like a flattened child's toy of the same name. Generally laid flat in the bottom of a trench, vertical slinkies have been used as well.

Solenoid

  Mechanical device used for a variety of functions, including interrupting flow of water when an open loop system is not running.

Soil/Field Resistance

 The resistance to heat flow resulting from soil thermal properties and underground pipe placement.

Split System

 A heat pump that has an air handler and fan coil separate from the refrigeration components

Stab fittings

Standing Column Well (SCW)

 An open loop system that returns water from the geothermal, into the same well it was extracted from. Usually a designer includes a bleed off to keep from adding or extracting too much heat. Bleed water is replaced by fresh water from the aquifer the SCW is drawing from.

Supplemental Heating

 A heating system component used when a heat pump cannot satisfy the space heating requirements by itself, during the defrost cycle (for air source equipment only), or as an emergency backup when the main system is inoperable. Usually electric resistance heat, but natural gas, LPG, or oil heating systems are also used.

T

Temperature Lift

 The difference in temperature between the heat source a heat pump is connected to and the temperature that is being produced is referred to as the temperature lift. For example, if a heat pump is extracting heat from heat transfer fluid in a GHX that is 40°F (4.4°C) and is rejecting heat to water that is 120°F (49°C), the temperature lift is 80°F (44.6°C)

Therm

 A quantity of heat equivalent to 100,000 Btu.

Thermal Conductivity

 Measure of the ability of the ground to conduct thermal energy.  See Thermal conductivity.

Thermal Conductivity Test

 A thermal conductivity test measures the ability of the soil or rock a heat exchanger is buried in to transfer energy. To conduct a thermal conductivity test (TC test) of a vertical borehole, HDPE pipe is installed in a borehole to the depth that is most appropriate for the site and building loads. Heated water is circulated through the pipe. It is typically heated using electric elements powered by a generator. The flow rate and temperature of the water is measured as it enters and leaves the borehole. The test is typically operated for at least 48 hours. Flow rate and temperature data are recorded usually every 2 minutes. This is used to calculate the thermal properties of the borehole to determine how much heat can be rejected to or extracted from the borehole. This is used in conjunction with the building energy loads to calculate the number, spacing and depth of the boreholes for a proposed GCHP system.

Thermal Energy Storage

 Tanks or devices used to store thermal energy. This can include tanks to store chilled water or ice (cold storage) or tanks used to store hot water or a variety of phase change materials (was, eutectic salts, rock, concrete or thermal mass, etc.). Energy can also be stored in earth surrounding the piping of a GHX field.

Thermally Enhanced Grout

 High performance grout with a greater TC than more commonly used products

Throttling Valve

 Most commonly used to restrict flow between desuperheaters and buffer tanks, throttling valves allow an operator to achieve higher delta T between entering and leaving water by slowing the GPM flow.

Ton of Refrigeration

 A measure of the amount of heat absorption required to melt I ton of ice in 24 hours. A ton of refrigeration is a measure of the amount of cooling delivered by a heat pump (or other air conditioning system). One ton of refrigeration is equivalent to a cooling rate of 12,000 Btu per hour.

Total Cooling Load

 The total amount of heat energy that must be removed from a space to keep it at the thermostat set point temperature as well as at the desired humidity level, defined to be the sum of the sensible cooling load and the latent cooling load.

Tremie Line

 The pipe used to pump an appropriate grouting material into a borehole from the bottom of the hole to the top. A tremie line will commonly be made of I-inch or I-IL-inch diameter HDPE pipe.

Turbulent Flow Regime

 The flow condition where fluid flow becomes chaotic and disordered. The mixing effect caused by turbulent flow maximizes heat transfer between the fluid and pipe walls in the closed-loop GHEX while also increasing the system pumping pressure.

U

Ubend

  A plastic pipe assembly consisting of 2 lengths of plastic pipe (HDPE or PEX-a) joined at one end by a molded plastic U-bend. The U-tube is inserted into a vertical or horizontal borehole. In most cases bentonite and/or cement grout fills the annular space inside the borehole around the U-tube piping. Heat transfer fluid is circulated through the U-tube and through a heat pump. When there is a difference in the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the earth and/or rock surrounding the U-tube piping, energy is transferred to or from the ground.

Unitary Heat Pump

 A complete factory-assembled heat pump.

V

Valve, Expansion

 A device for regulating the flow of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. Two types of valves are commonly used: an electronic valve that responds to variation in electric resistance reflecting changes in refrigerant temperature, and a thermostatic valve that uses a refrigerant-filled bulb to sense changes in refrigerant temperature.

Valve, Reversing

 An electrically operated valve that allows the heat pump to switch from heating to cooling, or vice versa, by changing the refrigerant's direction of flow.

Variable refrigerant flow

 The next generation in technology that allows a compressor to only use what is required to satisfy demand versus multi-stage or single stage systems that sometimes use more energy that is required

Vertical loop

  A ground loop oriented in the vertical direction, commonly in one or more vertical boreholes.

Vorizontal Loop

 Generally installed by a directional boring machine this loop travels both horizontally and vertically.

W

Water Source Heat Pump

 A heat pump that uses a water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger to extract heat from the heat source.

Water Source Heat Pump, Closed Loop

 Closed-loop systems circulate a heat transfer fluid (such as water or a water-antifreeze mixture) continuously to extract or reject heat from a ground or water heat source or sink.

Water Source Heat Pump, Open Loop

 Open-loop systems pump groundwater or surface water from a well, river, or lake through a water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger and return the water to its source, a drainage basin, pond, or storm sewer.

Water to Air

  A heat pump that transfers thermal energy from ground loop (water) and distributes through building via air ducts.

Water to Water

  A heat pump that transfers thermal energy from ground loop (water) and distributes through building via a hydronic (water) system.

X

Y

Z

Zone Load

 The amount of heating or cooling that the delivery system must provide to satisfy the peak loads for a specific zone, and a single thermostat is used to control the delivery system for that zone.

Acronyms

Glossary of geothermal heat pump terms

Geothermal energy
Glossaries of science
Wikipedia glossaries using subheadings


title: Guzmán Pereira

text:
Ricardo Guzmán Pereira Méndez (born 16 May 1991) is a Uruguayan footballer who currently plays for Montevideo Wanderers.

Honours

Club
Universidad de Chile
 Torneo Apertura: 2014
 Supercopa de Chile: 2015
 Copa Chile: 2015

Peñarol
Uruguayan Primera División: 2
 Uruguayan Primera División 2017, 2018

Individual
 Primera División Uruguaya Best Defensive Midfielder: 2013–14

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Uruguay men's under-20 international footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Montevideo Wanderers F.C. players
Club Universidad de Chile footballers
Peñarol players
Uruguayan Primera División players
Chilean Primera División players
2015 Copa América players
Men's association football midfielders
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile


title: August Prosenik

text:
August Prosenik (25 April 1916 – 22 July 1975) was a Yugoslav amateur road cyclist. He competed in the individual and team events at the 1936 and 1948 Summer Olympics and placed 12th individually in 1936. He won the Tour of Romania in 1946 and the Peace Race in 1948.

Prosenik grew up in a poor family, as his father became disabled after a mining accident. In 1930 he moved to Zagreb and worked there as a workshop mechanic and then as a car mechanic. After retiring from competitions he became a cycling coach and a sports administrator.

References

1916 births
1975 deaths
Yugoslav male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Yugoslavia
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
People from the Municipality of Brežice


title: Gelsted

text:
Gelsted is a small town and parish in northwestern Funen, Denmark. Gelsted is located roughly halfway between Ejby and Aarup, 28 kilometers west of Odense. The parish is located in Middelfart Municipality, and  a small portion is located in Assens Municipality, within the Region of Southern Denmark. 1 January 2023 the town had a population of 1,689 with 2,312 in the parish in total itself. It contains the Gelsted Church.

The annual BornHack camp has been organized near Gelsted since 2019.

People
 Kirsten Thorup (born 1942 in Gelsted), a Danish author, several of her novels are set in the town.
 Helene Blum (born 1979 in Gelsted) a Danish singer and musician who specializes in folk music

References

External links
Official site

Cities and towns in the Region of Southern Denmark
Populated places in Funen
Middelfart Municipality


title: The Church in the Barrio

text:
The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston is a 2006 book by Roberto R. Treviño, published by the University of North Carolina Press. The work covers the years 1911-1972 and discusses the relationship between the Mexican-American community and the Catholic church, and the "ethno-Catholicism" among Houston's Mexicans. This ethno-Catholism consisted of the cultural interaction between Irish American priests, religious practices of the indigenous Mexicans, and Mexican customs.

Mary E. Odem of Emory University wrote that "According to Trevino, ethno-Catholicism was more than a set of religious beliefs and practices; it was a way of life that sustained generations of Mexicans and Mexican Americans in Houston". José F. Aranda Jr. of Rice University wrote that "From beginning to end, Treviño demonstrates why Houston should no longer remain virtually neglected by Chicano/a researchers." Michael P. Carroll of the University of Western Ontario argued that the book's title did not adequately cover the entire scope of the subject; Carroll characterized this as a "mild complaint".

Background
Treviño grew up in Houston within the Mexican community. He is an associate professor of history at the University of Texas at Arlington, where he works as the Center for Mexican American Studies assistant director. Treviño is a Presbyterian. The book originated as a Stanford University PhD dissertation.

Treviño's sources for the book include church archival material and records, located in Houston, Austin, and San Antonio in Texas and in Chicago. The archives include parish records. Other sources include family papers; oral histories; organizational papers; unpublished letters, religious and secular newspapers, including Catholic newspapers and Spanish-language newspapers; and eighteen interviews. Laura Premack of the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill stated that the sourcing's "breadth and depth are one of the book’s major strengths."

F. Arturo Rosales of Arizona State University stated that the book was the first published book to use "a micro-methodology" to examine the Catholic church relationship with Mexican Americans.

Contents
The book includes the chapters, an index, a bibliography, illustrations, and notes. The illustrations include 21 photographs, four maps, and three tables.

John Barnhill, an independent scholar from Houston, stated "The style is lucid
and interesting, making the work accessible to scholars and lay people alike." Premack stated "the overall clarity and readability of the prose" is a positive for the book.

Carroll stated that "What I consistently found impressive about the analysis presented in this book is that Treviño refuses to succumb to the temptation to think in terms of simple dichotomies."

Treviño perceived similarities within Mexican ethno-Catholicism and Italian American (of Southern Italy) ethno-Catholicism. Carroll wrote "I can not recall anyone making this point as precisely as Treviño." Carlos Kevin Blanton of Texas A&M University stated "While perhaps outside the study’s focus, this intriguing connection haunts the pages for a more sustained analysis." Treviño also compares the Catholicism of Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans in the 50 States and Washington DC to the Catholicism of Mexican Americans.

Chapters
The book uses thematic chapters, which Todd Kerstetter of Texas Christian University stated "function almost as a collection of essays", as opposed to a narrative. There are seven main chapters, each having a particular topic. Most chapters cover the book's entire time period.

The first chapter documents the beginning of the Houston Mexican community and the evolution of Catholicism in the Mexican community. Premack stated that the chapter had "remarkably clear historical background" and that it "could be quite useful for
teaching undergraduates".

In order, the remaining chapters discuss ethno-Catholicism itself, poverty, the expansion of the Catholic church, the Mexican-American identity and the commitment to the faith, social action, and the Chicano movement. Some of the subsequent chapters are specifically dedicated to Mexican-Catholic church relations. Kerstetter added that "Parts, especially those covering the most recent events, read more like anthropology than history. Readers looking for theology will not find much here, but they will find solid social history."

The epilogue covers the post-1970s period. Kerstetter stated "The epilogue surveys how the book's themes fared during the last three decades of the twentieth century." The chapter topics include an increase in evangelical Protestantism in the Hispanic and Latino world, an increase in immigration from Latin America, and a decrease in political power of left-wing movements. Carroll stated that the author "suggests" that since the 1960s and early 1970s Mexican-American influence declined due to the increased categorizing of their pastoral and social issues into "a more general (and vague) concern with multiculturalism" and Mexican concerns being "increasingly subsumed" into pan-Hispanic concerns. Carroll stated that this occurred despite the fact that "Mexican American ethno-Catholicism itself remains vibrant".

Reception
Blanton concluded that the book "seldom disappoints" and that it "describes Mexican American Catholicism in all its fascinating, vibrant dimensions and offers a perceptive, sophisticated, and balanced interpretation of the subject in one of the nation’s largest cities." Blanton stated that the author needed to further explain the comparison between Mexican and Italian ethno-Catholicism and that the author "neglects the ideological framework of Mexican Americans from the 1930s to the 1960s", but Blanton believed that the issues "do not diminish the book’s excellence."

Carroll concluded that "This is, quite simply, one of the best books that I have read on the Catholic experience in America, and I recommend it highly."

John T. Ford of the Catholic University of America stated that the book is an "admirably researched study" that "not only provides an informative and interesting account of Mexican Americans and the Roman Catholic Church in Houston, but also could well serve as an excellent model for similar case studies elsewhere."

Kristy Nabhan-Warren of Augustana College wrote that "Overall, this is a finely wrought portrait of Mexican American lived religion that makes important and substantial contributions to scholarship on U.S. Catholicism, Mexican American history, ethnic and urban studies, and American religious history."

Odem stated "Roberto R. Trevino makes a welcome contribution to Chicano history".

Premack believed that "the good treatment of gender" was another positive; she wrote that she wanted additional exploration of "the fascinating tension between inclusion and outsiderness" and relations between the Mexican-American Evangelical and ethno-Catholic "identities".

Gene B. Preuss of the University of Houston–Downtown stated that the book "is well written" and "makes an excellent companion to" the 2001 book Ethnicity in the Sunbelt: A History of Mexican Americans in Houston by Arnoldo De León.

Barnhill wrote: "In sum, the work brings back a neglected aspect of Houston history and adds to the knowledge about the Mexican-American community in the United States."

See also

 History of Mexican Americans in Houston
Non-fiction about Mexican-Americans in Houston:
 Brown, Not White
 Ethnicity in the Sunbelt

Fiction about Mexican Americans in Houston:
 What Can't Wait

References
 Aranda, José F., Jr. (Rice University). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston." (Book review) Journal of Southern History, Feb, 2008, Vol.74(1), p. 224(2) - Available at JSTOR
 Barnhill, John H. (Independent scholar, Houston, Texas). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (Book Review) Canadian Journal of History (Annales canadiennes d'histoire), Autumn, 2007, Vol.42(2), p. 358(2)
 Blanton, Carlos Kevin (Texas A&M University). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston." (Book review) Pacific Historical Review, May, 2007, Vol.76(2), p. 311(3). Available at JSTOR
 Carroll, Michael P. (University of Western Ontario). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (Book Review) The American Historical Review, 2007, Vol.112(1), pp. 214–215. - DOI 10.1086/ahr.112.1.214
 Kerstetter, Todd M. (Texas Christian University). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston.(Book review)" (appears in some databases as: "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houstan") The Western Historical Quarterly, Autumn, 2007, Vol.38(3), p. 402-403 [Peer Reviewed Journal] - DOI 10.2307/25443590
 Nabhan-Warren, Kristy (Augustana College). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (book review). Church History, 2006, Vol.75(4), pp. 942–944 [Peer Reviewed Journal] - Available at JSTOR - DOI 10.1017/S0009640700112193
 Odem, Mary E. (Emory University). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (Book Review) The Journal of American History, 2007, Vol.94(1), pp. 243–244 - DOI 10.2307/25094808
 Premack, Laura (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno‐Catholicism in Houston – By Roberto R. Treviño" Journal of Religious History, 2009, Vol.33(3), pp. 395–396 - DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9809.2009.00774.x
 Preuss, Gene B. (University of Houston–Downtown). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (review) Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 2007, Vol.110(4), pp. 563–564. Available at JSTOR, Available at Project MUSE. - DOI 10.1353/swh.2007.0051
 Rosales, Francisco Arturo (Arizona State University). "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston" (review) The Catholic Historical Review, 2007, Vol.93(3), pp. 727–728 [Peer Reviewed Journal] - Available at JSTOR - DOI 10.1353/cat.2007.0312

Notes

Further reading
 "The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston." (Brief Article)(Book Review) Diverse Issues in Higher Education, Jan 26, 2006, Vol.22(25), p. 31(1)

External links
 The Church in the Barrio - UNC Press
 The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston

2006 non-fiction books
Books about Catholicism
History books about Christianity
Mexican-American culture in Houston
Mexican-American literature
Catholic Church in the United States
University of North Carolina Press books
Books about Houston
History of Houston
Books about race and ethnicity


title: Lee Chin

text:
Lee Chin (born 8 October 1992) is an Irish hurler who plays for Wexford Senior Championship club Faythe Harriers and at inter-county level with the Wexford senior hurling team.

Playing career

Faythe Harriers

Chin joined the Faythe Harriers club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels, enjoying championship success at under-21 level in 2012. Chin previously played football for St. Mary's and the Sarsfields.

During a 2011 game against Duffry Rovers, Chin was the target of racist name-calling by two Duffry Rovers players who were later suspended from the team. Wexford GAA chairman Diarmuid Devereux condemned the incident, saying such incidents "cannot be tolerated".

On 14 October 2012, Chin was at left wing-back when Faythe Harriers faced Oulart-the Ballagh in the Wexford Senior Championship final. He ended the game on the losing side following a 2–12 to 0–13 victory for Oulart.

Wexford

Minor and under-21

Chin first lined out for Wexford as a member of the minor team during the 2010 Leinster Championship. He made his first appearance on 1 May 2010 when he lined out at centre-back in a 3–21 to 2–17 defeat of Offaly. Chin's minor tenure ended on 26 June when Wexford suffered a 1–16 to 1-15 semi-final defeat by Dublin.

Chin was drafted onto the Wexford under-21 team for the 2011 Leinster Championship. He made his first appearance in that grade on 6 June 2011 when he scored 0-02 from midfield in a 1–19 to 0–10 defeat of Offaly.

Chin was eligible for the minor grade again the following season. On 11 July 2013, he won a Leinster Championship medal after scoring a point from midfield in Wexford's 1–21 to 0–21 defeat of Kilkenny in the final.

Senior

Chin made his first appearance for the Wexford senior team on 24 February 2013. He lined out at left wing-back in a 2–15 to 0–16 defeat of Carlow in the National League. Chin made his first Leinster Championship on 8 June when he came on as a substitute for Ciarán O'Shaughnessy at midfield in a 1-17 apiece draw with Dublin.

Chin was named GAA/GPA Player of the Month for July 2014.

On 2 July 2017, Chin lined out in his first Leinster final. He was selected at centre-forward but spent much of the game against Galway at midfield. Chin scored four points in the 0–29 to 1–17 defeat.

On 20 January 2018, Chin was named amongst the substitutes when Wexford faced Kilkenny in the Walsh Cup final. He was introduced as a half-time substitute for Jack Guiney and scored a point from play in the 1-24 apiece draw. Wexford won the subsequent free-taking shoot-out, with Chin claiming his first silverware at senior level with Wexford.

On 8 April 2023, a charity hurling match between Wexford and Tipperary was ended prematurely after Chin suffered racial abuse from the stands. A full investigation was launched.

Personal life
Chin was born in Ireland to a Malaysian Chinese father and Irish mother, who run a Chinese takeaway in Wexford Town. He attended Wexford Vocational College and began training as a barber, before going on to briefly study in Dublin Institute of Technology. Chin has spoken out about racial abuse he and his family have received during matches and on the streets. Chin is a brand ambassador for iPro Sport, Fulfil Nutrition and O'Neills, and has been an ambassador for Pfizer's Healthy Towns campaign.

Career statistics

Honours

Wexford
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2019 (c)
 Walsh Cup (1): 2018
 Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 2013

Leinster
Interprovincial Championship (1): 2014

Individual
GAA/GPA Player of the Month (1): July 2014
GAA GPA All Stars (1): 2019

References

1992 births
21st-century Irish people
Association footballers from County Wexford
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Faythe Harriers hurlers
Irish people of Chinese descent
Irish people of Malaysian descent
League of Ireland players
Living people
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Wexford F.C. players
Wexford inter-county hurlers


title: Penicillium asturianum

text:
Penicillium asturianum is an anamorph fungus species of the genus of Penicillium.

See also
List of Penicillium species

References

asturianum
Fungi described in 1981


The 2014–15 SMU Mustangs women's basketball team will represent Southern Methodist University in the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Mustangs will play their home games at Moody Coliseum. The 2014–15 season will be the second season the Mustangs will participate in the American Athletic Conference. The Mustangs were coached by 24th year head coach Rhonda Rompola. They finished the season 7–23, 3–15 in AAC play to finish in tenth place. They lost in the first round in the American Athletic women's tournament to Memphis.

Media
All Pony Express games will air on KAAM. Before conference season home games will be streamed on Pony Up TV. Conference home games will rotate between ESPN3, AAC Digital, and Pony Up TV. Road games will typically be streamed on the opponents website, though conference road games could also appear on ESPN3 or AAC Digital.

2014–15 Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#C60C30; color:#0039A6;"| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#0039A6;"| 2015 AAC Tournament

|-

See also
2014–15 SMU Mustangs men's basketball team
SMU Mustangs women's basketball

References

External links
SMU Mustangs women's basketball official website

SMU Mustangs women's basketball seasons
SMU
SMU Mustangs women's basketball
SMU Mustangs women's basketball


title: Wangler (footballer)

text:
Wangler da Silva (born 18 August 1992), or simply Wangler, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Oeste, on loan from Grêmio.

Career
Born in Tapera, Brazil, Wangler began his career at 12 years old playing futsal in América de Tapera at second division state league. In 2009, first played football in the Pedrabranca's academy, in Alvorada. However, it was only six months, then returning to futsal. In late 2010, Wangler received an invitation to join the academy of Caxias, where it showed all the characteristics of a traditional number 10. Skilled and the main organizer of the youth team of Caxias, in 2012 was promoted to first team squad, where he was responsible for great campaign of the club at 2012 Campeonato Gaúcho, which was runner-up.

In July of the same year he signed with Grêmio, under contract until 2016, where he initially joined the under-20s team for dispute the Copa FGF. In early 2013 he was promoted to first team squad to compete in the Campeonato Gaúcho, but suffered an injury and ended up getting out of the team.

In June 2013, Wangler makes his return to Caxias on loan to dispute of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.

In September 2013, for having excelled in Caxias was again loaned, this time for the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A team Bahia until the end of the year. At the end, had his loan renewed until the end of the 2014 Campeonato Baiano, where he played little and then returned to Grêmio.

In August 2014, Wangler was loaned to Náutico until the end of the year to compete in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B.

Honours

Club
Bahia
Campeonato Baiano: 2014

Individual
 Campeonato Gaúcho Best Newcomer: 2012

References

External links

Wangler at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)

1992 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
Esporte Clube Bahia players
Oeste Futebol Clube players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Rio Grande do Sul


title: Zimmerman House (Columbia, South Carolina)

text:
The Zimmerman House is a historic home located at Columbia, South Carolina, United States. It was built in 1848, and consists of a -story main section and a one-story wing. The front façade features a Greek Revival style pedimented portico supported by two paneled wooden square columns. The house was built by Charles and Hannah Zimmerman, who operated the neighboring Zimmerman School from 1848 to 1870.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Greek Revival houses in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1848
Houses in Columbia, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Columbia, South Carolina