title: Catawissa Mountain

text:
Catawissa Mountain is a mountain in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Its peak height is  above sea level, making it the fifth-highest mountain in Columbia County. Streams that flow near the mountain include Roaring Creek, Catawissa Creek, and some of their tributaries. The mountain is near Nescopeck Mountain and Little Mountain. Sandstones and rock formations such as the Pocono Formation occur on Catawissa Mountain.

The community of Catawissa is near Catawissa Mountain. There have also been several roads on or near the mountain in the past. In more recent times, Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 was established in the area and includes some parts of Catawissa Mountain. There are vernal pools on the mountain, which are used as breeding grounds for amphibians. The mountain is part of a much larger tract of forest.

Catawissa Mountain is located in southeastern Catawissa Township, southwestern Main Township, eastern Roaring Creek Township, among other places.

Geography

Catawissa Mountain's southeastern edge is at the border between Luzerne County and Columbia County. From here, it runs northwest through Beaver Township and Roaring Creek Township to the community of Catawissa. A spur of the mountain can be said to cross the Susquehanna River and turn west into Montour County, where it ceases to be a mountain.

The peak height of Catawissa Mountain is  above sea level. However, numerous places on the mountain rise to over  above sea level. The mountain is the fifth-highest mountain in Columbia County, behind Red Rock Mountain, Central Mountain, Chimneystack Rock, and Buck Mountain.

The community of Catawissa is close to Catawissa Mountain. Main Township and Locust Township are also located near the mountain.

Geology
Catawissa Mountain is relatively short and rounded, especially compared to nearby mountains such as Huntington Mountain, which are straight and narrow ridges. Catawissa Mountain has some rocky outcroppings.

There are two zigzagging outcroppings of the Pocono Formation on Catawissa Mountain. These outcroppings pass through the mountain and south into Schuylkill County. They also have spurs and knobs at each point where they zigzag. The Northumberland Syncline passes through a spur of the mountain. The mountain also has an elbow which is part of a double synclinal that heads eastward to Nescopeck Mountain.

A coarse and hard sandstone can be found on Catawissa Mountain. Sandstone of the Pocono Formation occurs on the summit of the mountain.

Catawissa Mountain is part of a chain of mountains running from beyond Dauphin to Carbondale. The mountain is located near both Nescopeck Mountain and Little Mountain. The meeting point of Catawissa Mountain and Nescopeck Mountain is on the edge of a canoe valley.

Hydrology
Several tributaries of the lower reaches of Catawissa Creek originate on Catawissa Mountain. Many of these tributaries are impaired from acid deposition from abandoned mine drainage. Roaring Creek is also close to the western side of the mountain.

Catawissa Creek cuts a gap between Catawissa Mountain and Nescopeck Mountain at the community of Mainville. The creek also flows parallel to Catawissa Mountain downstream of this gap.

There are vernal pools on Catawissa Mountain in Beaver Township and Roaring Creek Township.

History and etymology
The word Catawissa may come from the Delaware or Shawanese words meaning "pure water."

There was at least one Native American village in Catawissa, near Catawissa Mountain, and possibly several villages during different time periods. Historically, a road known as the Mine Gap Road climbed up Catawissa Mountain. In the past, a road led from the valley of the Schuylkill River to Catawissa via the southern part of the mountain. The Reading Road also passed from Catawissa to Philadelphia via the mountain.

Colliers in the 1800s used the forests of Catawissa Mountain to supply charcoal for local iron furnaces. Flat areas signifying former charcoal pits may still be found throughout the mountain.

J.H. Beers stated in his 1915 book Historical and Biographical Annals of Columbia and Montour Counties, Pennsylvania that the height of Catawissa Mountain was estimated to be . The same author described the mountain as "majestic" and "towering" in his book.

Since at least 2001, the Columbia-Montour Amateur Radio Club has had a receiver on Catawissa Mountain.

Biology
Catawissa Mountain is one of several places in Columbia County that has unbroken tracts of forest. It is part of a forested corridor between the Susquehanna River and Moosic Mountain.

Amphibians use the vernal pools on Catawissa Mountain as breeding grounds, including American toads, wood frogs, and spotted salamanders.

In Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58, the forests on Catawissa Mountain are hardwood/heath forests. Trees in these forests include red maple, chestnut oak, scarlet oak, mountain laurel, black huckleberry, and lowbush blueberry. Numerous plant species inhabit the mountain's vernal pools. These include cranberry, cinnamon fern, royal fern, tussock sedge, pitch pine, and numerous others.

Recreation
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 are located on Catawissa Mountain. Portions of Catawissa Mountain lying in Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 are heavily hunted for white-tailed deer. Large tracts of Catawissa Mountain are privately owned. Although some all terrain vehicle use occurred in certain areas in the early 2000s, the Columbia County Natural Heritage Inventory of 2004 recommended prohibiting all terrain vehicle trails near the mountain's vernal pools.

See also
Knob Mountain (Pennsylvania)
North Mountain (Pennsylvania)

References

External links
Topographical map of the peak of Catawissa Mountain

Landforms of Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Mountains of Pennsylvania


title: Actinodaphne stenophylla

text:
Actinodaphne stenophylla, is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

Ecology
Dry patana grassland, intermediate and montane forest subcanopy and understory

References

 http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/k000793004
 https://web.archive.org/web/20170503221646/http://www.mpnet.iora-rcstt.org/node/3118
 http://lauraceae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/17938/maps

stenophylla
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka


title: William King (priest)

text:
William King B.D. (died 23 September 1590) was a Canon of Windsor from 1572 to 1590

Career
He was a King's Scholar at Eton College from 1544 to 1548, and then studied at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1553, MA in 1556 and BD in 1570.

He was appointed:
Rector of Howick, Northumberland 1560–1566
Archdeacon of Northumberland 1561–1566
Prebendary of Canterbury Cathedral 1565–1590
Vicar of Appledore, Kent 1568–1576
Rector of Kingston, Kent 1569–1573
Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth

He was deprived of his archdeaconry in 1566 due to continual absence.

He was appointed to the ninth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1572, a position he held until 1590.

Notes

1590 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Archdeacons of Northumberland
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Year of birth missing


title: Home National Bank

text:
Home National Bank is a historic bank building located near Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1912, and is a two-story brick building.  Its corner entrance features a pediment supported by engaged Doric order columns.  It is one of five commercial buildings that survived the 1916 fire.  The building housed the town's post office from 1912 until the 1960s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

References

Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Commercial buildings completed in 1912
Buildings and structures in Lexington County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Lexington County, South Carolina
1912 establishments in South Carolina


title: Picture hat

text:
A picture hat or Gainsborough hat is an elaborate woman's hat with a wide brim. It has been suggested that the name may be derived from the way the broad brim frames the face to create a "picture".

This is a very broad category of hat; some versions may be similar to the halo or cartwheel hat. This style featured in virtually every decade of the 20th century, and has a history dating back to at least the 18th century.

History of the hat

The picture hat was first popularised as a style at the end of the 18th century and is said to have been inspired by the hats seen on portraits of society women painted by Thomas Gainsborough. It was then often known as the Gainsborough Chapeau. Other names included garden hat. These early hats were large, with a wide brim and were designed to perch on top of the lavish hairstyles popular during this era. Hats incorporated details such as feathers and trims – some are said to have even included whole stuffed birds.

The picture hat became fashionable again from the end of the 19th century – popularised in images of Gibson Girls in the United States and Canada and in the Gaiety Girls of the London theatre.

20th-century revival

In the early 1920s, The Times described Paris fashions of large picture hats in black velvet trimmed with traditional garden flowers. In the same year, the picture hat was described as: "greatly in favour", alongside the toque. As a fashion correspondent noted in 1922, its popularity may have been due to its adaptable nature: "They are wearable in every season, and vary more in the way they are put on than in shape". Styles were simpler than those worn in the Edwardian era – following the prevailing fashion of cloches by including a more close-fitting crown to flatter shorter hairstyles. A 1920s advert for Harrods' spring hats showcased a black straw picture hat with a wide brim embroidered with silk and chenille. By the end of the 1920s, picture-style hats were changing shape, as noted by a fashion correspondent: "Hats with higher fronts to the crown are being made, and one new shape has a turned-back brim at the side, in the style of the old-fashioned picture hat, but smaller".

1930s designs

A 1930 review of millinery designs created by Madame Agnès – who was also a sculptor – noted a trend towards more unusual shapes for picture hats: "The brims of picture hats are irregular and are attached to the crown in such a way as to lift the front away from the forehead or to form a little point". Picture hats remained popular for sporting events and marriages, although by the middle of the decade some designs were becoming smaller. In 1935, The Times described summer designs worn forward on the head, with low crowns and trimmings of flowers, fruit or draped fabric. Picture hats continued to be worn for both day and evening events – a Paquin evening gown of 1938 included a black velvet model with veil, worn with matching elbow-length gloves.

Post-war picture hats
Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the British royal family continued to favour picture hats in the immediate post-war years, and they remained a fixture at weddings and sporting occasions. By 1955, however, The Times had announced the disappearance of the picture hat in fashion, as streamlined cloche, cocktail and new conical-shaped hats came into vogue. The article noted: "A solitary wide-brimmed classic among some 60 models selected from those now going into the shops...but such a shape has for long been beloved of many Englishwomen, and by comparison the rest of the hats were a chic and challenging assortment". The death knell was perhaps sounded too soon, as by 1958 hats were either very large or very small. Parisian milliner Claude Saint-Cyr was designing dramatic picture hats – relying more on shape than on trimmings for effect – very much in the style that would be worn three years later by Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the picture hat persisted – although designs such as the pillbox and bucket hat were more popular – but tended to have a higher crown. The Victoria and Albert Museum archive has a photograph of a Madame Paulette model from 1963 that illustrates the fashion for height as well as width. By the early 1970s, there was a revival – with memorable examples including the design worn at the Saint Tropez wedding of Bianca Jagger in 1971, and the outsize model worn by Farrah Fawcett at her wedding to Lee Majors in 1973.

The picture hat remains a popular style for events such as Ladies' Day at Ascot and its high-profile fans include Queen Camilla, who is known for her wide-brimmed designs.

Picture hats still appear on the fashion catwalk; notably Marc Jacobs included oversized fur designs harking back to in the late Victorian age his 2012 autumn-winter show at New York Fashion Week.

See also
 Cartwheel hat
 Halo hat
 Peach basket hat

References

External links
The Gainsborough Hat, Library of Congress collection; photograph by Fred Holland, c. 1895
Picture hat in the Metropolitan Museum of Art collection; attributed to Lanvin, c. 1922
Balenciaga picture hat in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection, 1955

Hats
18th-century fashion
19th-century fashion
20th-century fashion
Fashion accessories
Formal wear


title: Jan Andrykiewicz

text:
Jan Tadeusz Andrykiewicz (born 14 June 1953) is a Polish farmer and politician from the Polish People's Party. He served as member of the Sejm from 1993 to 1997 and was a candidate for the European Parliament in 2004.

References

1953 births
Living people
People from Lubusz Voivodeship
Polish People's Party politicians
Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997
20th-century Polish farmers


title: Conotalopia henniana

text:
Conotalopia henniana is a species of very small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Description
The height of the shell attains 3.25 mm, its diameter 4.5 mm. The red-brown shell has a depressed-conical shape and is profoundly umbilicated. The five whorls show a microscopic sculpture of fine radial threads that overrun the spirals and are more apparent on the base. In colour it is variable, the figured example has walnut-brown radial flames on a grey ground, in others the flames are brick red and in some the flames break up into small chequers.

Distribution
This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs on sandy beaches off Queensland.

References

 Melvill, J.C. 1891. Descriptions of eleven new species belonging to the genera Columbrarium, Pisania, Minolia, Liotia, and Solarium. Journal of Conchology 6(12): 405-411
 Hedley, C. 1912. Descriptions of some new or noteworthy shells in the Australian Museum. Records of the Australian Museum 8: 131-160 [137, pl. 41, figs. 13-15]
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.

External links
 To World Register of Marine Species

henniana
Gastropods of Australia
Gastropods described in 1967


title: Erasmus Webb

text:
Erasmus Webb B.D. (d. 24 March 1614) was a Canon of Windsor, England from 1590 to 1614

Career
He was educated at Gloucester Hall, Oxford where he graduated BA in 1568, MA in 1572 and BD in 1585.

He was appointed:
Vicar of St Clears, Carmarthen 1577
Rector of Ham, Wiltshire 1582
Rector of Bletchingdon, Oxfordshire 1583
Archdeacon of Buckingham 1589
Rector of West Ilsley, Berkshire 1601–1613

He was appointed to the ninth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1590, a position he held until 1614.

He was buried in the chapel. His inscription read: "Hic jacet Erasmus Webb, Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus, cujus Regiae Capallae quondam Canonicus, qui obit 24 die Martii, Anno Domini 1613. Aetatis suae 63”

Notes

1614 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Archdeacons of Buckingham
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Year of birth missing


title: James Moran (diplomat)

text:
James Moran is a diplomat and economist, specialising in Middle-Eastern and Asian affairs.  He was the European Union's Ambassador to Egypt from 2012 to 2016.

Biography
Moran attended Keele University (where he was president of the students' union), Harvard University and the University of London.  He subsequently worked in the private sector and the UK government before joining the European Union's staff in 1983.  His early assignments in the EU included working in its delegations to Jamaica and Ethiopia.  From 1999 to 2002, he led EU delegations in Jordan and Yemen. Returning to Brussels in 2002, he headed the European Commission's China division before being appointed Asia Director in 2006.

Moving to the new EU external action service, Moran continued as Asia Director from 2006 to 2011 where he negotiated a number of EU partnership agreements. He then became the Union's senior coordinator in Libya in 2011, where he established the EU delegation in Tripoli following the revolution, and helped launch the first European assistance programmes there.

Personal life
He and his wife Randa have four children, including British Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament Layla Moran.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of Keele University
Alumni of the University of London
Ambassadors of the European Union to Egypt
British officials of the European Union
European Union diplomats
Harvard University alumni


title: Trevor M. Jones

text:
Trevor Mervyn Jones, CBE PhD DSc (Hon) FRCP FMedSci FBPhS FRSM FRSC FLSW (born on 19 August 1942) is a visiting professor at King's College London, and a former Head of R&D, at Wellcome. He continues to have a distinguished career in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry as well as in academia.

He was main board director for Research & Development at The Wellcome Foundation Ltd (Wellcome plc). During his tenure, the organisation was responsible for the development of a number of significant products.

Jones assisted the Government to attract inward investment into the UK, particularly from the Japanese pharmaceutical companies through the "Prescribe UK" initiative (with Virginia Bottomley and David Sainsbury). He also led negotiations with the UK Government on the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) when he was head of the ABPI. Until recently he advised the Wales Government on the future of the NHS as a member of The Bevan Commission. He is also chairman of the Drug Discovery company, e-Therapeutics plc.

Education
Jones attended Wolverhampton grammar school from 1953 to 1955, followed by Sir George Monoux Grammar School, then King's College London (University of London, Chelsea) where he obtained a PhD degree in 1967 in the Faculty of Medicine.

Career
Jones was a postdoctoral researcher between 1967 and 1968. From 1972 until 1975, Jones was head of development at The Boots Co Ltd. During his time there he was responsible for the technical development of several new products, notably Prothiaden (antidepressant) and Froben (anti-inflammatory), a range of generic products and the technology transfer of Brufen/Nurofen (anti-inflammatory) to many overseas units, notably Upjohn, USA.

Jones worked for the Wellcome Foundation Ltd from 1974 to 1994 and, as R&D Director oversaw over 2,500 staff covering all scientific, technical and medical specialities as well as Quality Assurance and Patents/Agreements. As a member of the Board of Wellcome plc from 1987 to 1994, he was intimately involved in the offering of shares by The Wellcome Trust. During his tenure the disposal of Wellcome's interests in vaccines to Medeva (Evans) and the subsequent re-integration of all aspects of biotechnology into the mainstream business took place. This included working with the biotech joint-venture Wellgen in the USA on the buy-out of the partner (Genetics Institute) share.

During his time as R&D Director, the organisation was responsible for the successful development of Zovirax (anti-herpes); Lamictal (anti-epileptic); Retrovir: AZT (anti-HIVAIDS); Acrivastine (anti-histamine); Atovaquone (PCP/Malaria); Exosurf (infant respiratory distress); Mivacron and Nuromax (neuromuscular blockade); Wellferon (Hepatitis B&C); Zolmitriptan (anti migraine); plus an extensive range of over-the-counter formulations; particularly products for coughs and colds (Sudafed), analgesia (Calpol) and skin care. He also led initiatives concerned with licensing-in of new product opportunities including Centocor (Panorex), Fujisawa USA (LNMMA), Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (Navelbine).

Prior to his appointment to the board of Wellcome plc, Jones was director of Development and established a new Pesticides R&D operation which was included in the sale of the Wellcome hygiene business to Rhône-Poulenc. From 1994 until August 2004, Jones was director general of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) where he directed all the industry activities: government relations on behalf of the 100 national and international pharmaceutical companies. In that capacity, Jones was a member of the UK Government, on the Pharmaceutical Industry Ministerial Strategy Working Group on Pharmaceuticals, on the Board of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) and the (IFPMA). For 12 years Jones was a member of the UK Government Regulatory Agency, The Medicines Commission; an advisor to the Cabinet Office on the Human Genome Project in 2001; a member of the Prime Minister's Task force on the Competitiveness of the Pharmaceutical Industry (PICTF) and Chair of the Government Advisory Group on Genetics Research.

From 2004 until 2015, he was a director of Allergan Inc. He was also a member of the board of directors of VeronaPharma plc from 2006 to 2014, a spin-out company developing drugs for COPD, coughs and asthma, the International Clinical Research Organisation, Synexus Ltd from 2007 to 2014 and the CRO Simbec-Orion Group Research. He is a member of the board of the California based pancoronavirus vaccine company Techimmune LLC, a trustee of The UK Stem Cell Foundation, a non-Executive Director of the Life Science Company, Ascension Healthcare plc, the digital diagnostics company EDX Medical Group plc and a member of the Board of NW Pharmatech Ltd.

He has served on a number of other boards as director. In the UK: NextPharma Ltd (contract manufacturer), ReNeuron plc from 1998 to 2012 (stem cell therapy), Arix Bioscience plc (Life science investments) and Respiratory Innovation Wales Ltd; in the Netherlands: BAC BV (bioaffinity company), in Italy from 2007 to 2013: Sigma-Tau Finanziaria S.p.A. (Pharmaceuticals), from 2010 to 2011 Tecnogen SpA in the USA: SciClone Inc (Biotech) and President of Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc (Rare Diseases) from 2012 to 2013. He was Chairman of the European Union Medicinal Cannabis Association (EUMCA) from 2019 to 2022.

From 2000 until 2008, he was Vice Chair of King's College London Council. He holds honorary degrees/fellowships/gold medals from seven universities, was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and The British Pharmacological Society and was elected to the French Academie Nationale de Pharmacie. He is a member of the Industrial Advisory Board and the Vice Chancellor's Advisory Committee at the University of Surrey; a member of the advisory board of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences (APS); formerly a Senator for the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS); and a member of the advisory board to the School of Management at Swansea University.

He has published more than 150 papers (see further reading below) in learned and professional journals and served on the editorial board of a number of learned journals. The latter are Drug Development Communications (Marcel Dekker) from 1973; the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology and Product Manufacture (Childwall University Press) from 1979; the International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Elsevier) from 1984; Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain) from 1985; Editions de Sante, Revue S.T. Pharma from 1986; "Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences" Editor with Professor Ganderton, Academic Press from 1987; Journal of Drug Development from 1988; Editorial Advisory Board, "Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences" from 1993; the Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Economics from 1994. He is a frequent guest lecturer at international pharmaceutical conferences and seminars and has appeared regularly on radio and TV on pharmaceutical and medical issues.

During the period 2003–2005, Jones was a Commissioner at the World Health Organization (WHO) on the Commission for Intellectual Property, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH).

He was a founder member and a member of the Board of the  Medicines for Malaria Venture MMV. Jones advised the Government of the Netherlands on Life Science as a member of the TiPharma Advisory Board. He was also a member of the EU Commission IMI Scientific Advisory Board. In 2005 he was the winner of the SCRIP Life Time Achievement award for his contribution to pharmaceutical sciences and the industry.

Honours and distinctions
Jones has a wealth of honours and distinctions. In 1987 he was awarded a fellowship of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Other honours and distinctions, which have been awarded are:
 1987: Harrison Memorial Medal, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
 1992: Gold Medal, Comenius University
 1993: Honorary PhD, University of Athens
 1994: Honorary DSc, University of Strathclyde
 1994: Fellow of King's College London (FKC)
 1995: Honorary Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine (FFPM)
 1996: Charter Gold Medal, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
 1998: Honorary Fellow of the UCL School of Pharmacy
 1998: Honorary DSc, University of Nottingham
 1999: PHARMA Outstanding Achievement Award
 2000: Honorary DSc, University of Bath
 2001: FIP lifetime award for outstanding contribution to Biotechnology
 2003: Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
 2003: Honorary DSc, University of Bradford
 2005: Honorary Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society (HonFBPharmacolS)
 2005: Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (Hon FRCP)
 2005: Winner, SCRIP Life Time Achievement Award
 2005: Elected to Foreign Fellowship of the Academie Nationale de Pharmacie FRANCE
 2006: Honorary Fellow of the College of Pharmacy Practice (FCPP)
 2007: Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM)
 2015: Eminent Fellow of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences
 2016: Fellow of The Academy of Medical Sciences
 2018: Fellow of The Learned Society of Wales
 2022: Honorary DSc, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki

Interests
Welsh Rugby, Golf, Gardening

Clubs and associations
Jones is a member of The Athenaeum, Pall Mall, London; a Liveryman of the Guild of Apothecaries, London; and a Freeman of the City of London.

References

1942 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of King's College London
Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
People from Wolverhampton
Fellows of the Learned Society of Wales


title: Sushil Kumar De

text:
Sushil Kumar De (29 January 1890 – 31 January 1968) was a Bengali writer from the early decades of the 20th century.  Trained as a lawyer, with degrees in English and Sanskrit Poetics, he wrote extensively on Sanskrit Literature, Philosophy, Poetics, History of Bengali Literature, besides editing critical editions for a large number of Sanskrit and Bengali texts from manuscripts.

He was professor of English literature at Calcutta University, and of Sanskrit and Bengali at Dhaka University.  While at the latter post, he accumulated a large collection of palmleaf manuscripts.

Life and career

Sushil De was born in Calcutta in 1890. His father Satish Chandra De was a state surgeon, posted at Cuttack, Orissa, where he did his schooling at the Ravenshaw Collegiate School.  Subsequently, he did his Intermediate and B.A. from Presidency College and M.A. in English from Calcutta University, and became a Premchand-Roychand scholar.
In 1912, he completed his law degree from the University Law College, but instead of practicing, he joined as a lecturer in English at Presidency College and later at
Calcutta University. In 1921, he did his D.Litt. from the University of London (School of Oriental Studies) with a thesis on rhetoric (alaMkAra) in Sanskrit poetry.

He also studied linguistics at the University of Bonn.

Upon return to India, he joined Dhaka University, initially in English, and then in the Sanskrit and Bengali departments.  Subsequent to his retirement from Dhaka University in 1947, he also headed Jadavpur's Bengali department.

In 1951 he was a visiting professor at the University of London.

His work on the history of the Vaishnava movement in Bengal, along with critical manuscript analyses of several original texts, are very well respected.

He also published a brief note on erotics in Sanskrit literature.

He was well known in Oriental study circles, and was elected General President of the All-India Oriental Conference, 1949.
A fellow of the Royal Astatic Soctety of Great Britinm and Ireland (1954), he edited the Udyoga Parva (1940) and Drona Parva (1958) volumes in the Critical Edition of the Mahabharata from the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.

At the same time, he was also active in Bangla literature, publishing a volume of Bangla sonnets Dipali, focusing on physical love (1928), and prAktani (1934) on characters from classical Sanskrit literature.   He was president of the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad (1950, 1956), and also  wrote several popular translations of Sanskrit tales.

Works
 Bengal Literature in the Nineteenth Century (1919)
 Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics (Two parts, 1923, 1925)
 the prose kAvyas of daNDin, subandhu and bANa (1941)
 Early History of Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Bengal (1942–1986)
 History of Sanskrit Literature (1947)
 Dinabandhu Mitra (1951)
 Bangla Prabad (Bangla Proverbs) (1952)
 Nana Nibandha (Bangla Articles), (1953)
 Ancient Indian erotics and erotic literature (1959)
 Some Problems of Sanskrit Poetics (1959)
 Sanskrit Poetics as a Study of Aesthetics (1963)

Critical editions from Manuscripts:
 Padyavali of Rupa Goswami (1934)
 Meghaduta of Kalidasa (1959).

References

20th-century Bengalis
Sanskrit scholars from Bengal
1890 births
1968 deaths
Writers from Kolkata
20th-century Indian linguists
Linguists from Bengal
Bengali Hindus


title: Fethiye Mosque (Nafpaktos)

text:
The Fethiye Mosque (; ) was an Ottoman mosque in Nafpaktos, Greece.

It was built in the orders of Sultan Bayezid II immediately after the capture of the city from the Venetians in 1499, and was the city's main mosque throughout the Ottoman period. It was also known after its founder as the Bayezid-i Veli Mosque. The mosque has been extensively restored and now functions as an exhibition hall.

See also
 Islam in Greece
 List of former mosques in Greece
 List of mosques in Greece

Ottoman mosques in Greece
15th-century mosques
Former mosques in Greece
Nafpaktos
Buildings and structures in Aetolia-Acarnania
15th-century architecture in Greece
Mosque buildings with domes


title: Farzin (singer)

text:
Ali-Kabir Takmilinejad (), better known as Farzin (), was an Iranian pop singer in the 1970s.

Biography
Farzin was a singer before the revolution of 1979. Farzin's first song was called "Mehman" (Persian: مهمان), written by Bijan Ghaderi. He was named 'Demis Roussos' of Iran.
Before 1979 revolution Farzin worked with Aref in 'Sati Nik'. Sati Nik was Farzin and Aref hangout lovers. From that time musics, we can pointed to 'Dam Begirim' (Persian: دم بگیریم) at that time, it became famous. Farzin left Iran and immigrated to the U.S.A. after 8 years silence in artwork in Iran and then He released his first album called "Gerye Nakon" (Persian: گریه نکن).
He left the Los Angeles artwork and immigrated to Germany for some reason.

Personal life
Farzin has two children named Arash and Atie. His wife is unknown.

Death
In September 1999, Farzin passed away after he had a heart attack. He also had some breathing issues before death

Albums
Gerye Nakon (1993)
Mashogh (1992)
Eshgh (1990)
Bi Rokhe To
Sedaye Khaste
Agar Sokhtim
Zeyno
Ashk (1999)
Khoda Hafez (1996)
Be Yade Diroz
Rahe Iran (1998)

References
Iran Song - Farzin

People from Abadan, Iran
1952 births
1999 deaths
Iranian male singers
Iranian expatriates in Germany
20th-century Iranian male singers


title: Gustav Ferdinand Hertz

text:
Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (born August 2, 1827, as David Gustav Hertz in Hamburg, died September 8, 1914) was a German lawyer and senator of the Free Imperial City of Hamburg. He was the father of the pioneering physicist Heinrich Hertz.

Hertz converted from Judaism to Lutheranism upon marrying Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn, the daughter of a Lutheran minister.

References

German financial businesspeople
1827 births
1914 deaths
19th-century German Jews
German Protestants
Heinrich Hertz


title: Elgujja Grigalashvili

text:
Elguja Grigalashvili (; born 30 December 1989), is a Georgian footballer, who plays as a playmaking midfielder for Navbahor.

Born in the Georgian capital Tbilisi, his first professional club was FC Dinamo Batumi. He first came to international prominence with his performances for the Georgian national team against Kazakhstan in 2013.

He is the younger brother of Shota, also footballer.

Style of play
Elguja Grigalashvili's position is as a playmaking midfielder, typically playing further forward than the rest of the midfield. The main aim of the role is to create goalscoring chances, suiting a creative player like Elguja Grigalashvili. Dribbling ability was generally viewed as one of Elguja's strongest attributes and his jinking runs with the ball resulted in some spectacular goals. Set piece ability is another of Elguja's strengths; he regularly takes corners and free kicks.

Honours

Club
AGMK
Uzbekistan Cup (1): 2019 (runner-up)
Uzbekistan League Cup (1): 2019 (runner-up)
Chikhura
Georgian Cup (1): 2013-2014 (runner-up)
Georgian Super Cup (1):  2013–2014 (runner-up)

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Men's association football midfielders
Georgia (country) men's international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers from Georgia (country)
Erovnuli Liga players
Cypriot First Division players
Uzbekistan Super League players
FC Dinamo Batumi players
FC Merani Martvili players
FC Torpedo Kutaisi players
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
FC Chikhura Sachkhere players
Othellos Athienou FC players
Pafos FC players
Ethnikos Achna FC players
FC AGMK players
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan
Footballers from Tbilisi


title: College of Defence Management

text:
The College of Defence Management (CDM) is an Indian defence service training institution imparting management training to defence servants. CDM  is entrusted with the responsibility of instilling contemporary management thoughts, concepts and practices in the senior leadership of the three services.

It is an educational institute sponsored by India's Ministry of Defence, which provides scientific and management education to Indian Armed Forces officers. The institute, considered as the only exclusive college in Asia for defence management training to the Armed Forces, is run under the management of the Indian Armed Forces and is located in Sainikpuri in Secunderabad, in the recently formed Telangana State of India.

Profile

The College of Defence Management had its origin in December 1970 under the name, the Institute of Defence Management (IDM), as a part of the Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering (MCEME), with Brigadier V. Dhruva as the founder Director, for providing the Defence Services officers with modern management training.

CDM started its first batch of Long Defence Management Course (LDMC) in March 1971 with 44 students. This has since been upgraded to cover three levels of courses, at Masters, MPhil and doctoral levels. By 1978, the college had four functional faculties such as Faculty of Organization Behavior, Faculty of Decision Analysis, Faculty of Research and Consultancy and Faculty of Training Support (the Faculty of Information Systems was added in January 2004). In 1983, CDM was accepted as a cooperating member of the All India Management Association. CDM was re-designated, in April 1985, as the College of Defence Management. In 1986, the All India Management Association certified the LDM Course as an Advanced Course of Instruction in Defence Management.

Osmania University, in August 1994, gave accreditation to CDM courses and, in March 2005, recognized it as a national centre for conducting research in management studies. The college provides research and consultancy services to the three services as well as undertakes projects on behalf of them. It also serves the public and private sector by holding management sessions.

Mandate
The college was established with a dual set of mandates with regard to the two lines of management studies.

Higher Defence Management Course
 Understand the national security imperatives and the defence planning process in order to effectively contribute towards perspective planning in the armed forces.
 Enhance leadership potential and human skills through an understanding of contemporary leadership concepts, human behaviour and motivational process.
 Understand the process of organisational development and interventions through application of management principles and innovative training concepts in the armed forces.
 Gain sufficient exposure to management concepts and quantitative techniques for effective planning and execution of logistics in a Single and integrated service environment.
 Acquire a clear understanding of economic concepts and their application in the armed forces, especially in the areas of financial planning, budgeting and controlling.
 Leverage information systems to add value to operational planning process using analytical decision making in a net centric environment.
 Leverage the power of quantitative techniques as aids to decision making in the contextual domain of situations relevant to operational and logistic aspects in the armed forces.
 Understand nuances of efficiently managing various facets of defence projects.
 Develop understanding of systems approach, so as to optimally exploit the management concepts and quantitative, as well as qualitative techniques for pragmatic decision making.
 Gain an insight into the research methodology required to carry out an in-depth study of management problems, so as to evolve workable solutions.

Senior Defence Management Course
 Enhance awareness through an exposure to contemporary concepts in organisational behaviour.
 Appreciate current trends in organisational interventions for enhancing organisational effectiveness.
 Understand the process of defence planning so as to be able to appreciate the complexities of perspective planning and force structuring.
 Augment decision making capabilities through systems approach, using quantitative as well as qualitative techniques and exploiting IT applications.
 Understand the fundamentals of macro economic issues with particular emphasis on financial planning in the armed forces.
 Acquire understanding of issues related to logistics in the armed forces for optimal utilisation of resources.
 Relate to aspects of information technology, so as to harness its potential as a force multiplier while exploiting it in a secure environment.

List of commandants

Courses and affiliations
CDM is affiliated to Osmania University for its Masters, MPhil and PhD programs. Efforts are on to set up an Indian National Defence University (INDU) which will soon bring all the Indian defence related institutions under its umbrella.

Master of Management Studies: The course was started as Long Defence Management Course (LDMC), later upgraded to Higher Defence Management Course (HDMC), and was open to selected senior officers of the armed forces, para military forces, MOD and friendly foreign countries. The course envisaged to hone the management skills through knowledge transfer of management concepts and their applications. On 14 August 1994, CDM entered into an agreement with Osmania University whereby the course was recognized as post graduate degree with the title, Master of Management Studies (MMS), awarded by Osmania University.

MPhil: This is a faculty development program and is aimed at the faculty posted at the college, who can pursue their studies at MPhil level as per Osmania University curriculum.

National Center for Research: CDM is an Osmania University recognized centre for doctoral research in management studies, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). The program was started on 23 March 2005.

Departments
The college has five functional departments attending to various affairs of the institution.

Behavioural science
The Faculty of Behavioural Sciences is responsible for the various courses and programs conducted by CDM and covers two areas of functions, each managed by a department.

Department of Organisational Behaviour: The department has set mandates to develop and conduct courses and programs in Organizational Behaviour.
 To enhance leadership potential and human skills through an understanding of contemporary leadership concepts, human behaviour and motivational process.
 To understand the process of organisational development and interventions through the application of contemporary management principles.

Department of Strategic Management: The department acts as a nodal agency for the promotion of strategic concepts in the Armed Forces with regard to national and military security.
 To enable Officers undergoing course to formulate a holistic national security and military strategy and develop strategy implementation plan.
 To develop into a National repository and central focal point for all aspects connected with Management of National Security, Management of Military Security and Defence Planning and for interaction with the agencies within India and abroad.

Resource management
The Faculty of Resource Management takes care of the training of the officers of the three services in the field of Resource Management with special emphasis on Finance Management and Supply Chain Management. The faculty was started in 1974 as Faculty of Management Techniques and, through a series of name changes, became the Faculty of Resource Management (FRM) in 2011.

Decision sciences
Originally started in 1977 as the department of Decision Analysis, the department was rechristened as the Faculty of Decision Sciences in 2004. The Faculty's activities are consolidated under three separate departments.
 Department of Operations Research.
 Department of Statistics.
 Department of Project Management

It was through the effort of this faculty, CDM was accorded the status of institutional member of the International Project Management Association (IPMA).

Research and consultancy
The Faculty of Research and Consultancy looks after the functions of drafting and implementation of organizational set up which include development of organization's mission, vision and objectives, policies and plans and resource allocation for implementation of policies, plans, projects and programs and evaluation of progress.

Personnel, administration and training
PAT Department attends to the administrative matters which include personnel, infrastructure, budget, welfare and sports. It coordinates the training and curricular activities.

Joint training exercises
CDM has organized or hosted several joint training exercises under various mandates.

Exercise Aman Sena: Exercise Aman Sena was conducted from 21 May to 29 May 2009 under the mandate of Peace Support Operations (PSO), a United Nations mandated platform with India as the coordinating nation. The exercise aimed at streamlining and formalizing joint planning and conduct of UN mandated Multinational Peace Support Operations. The exercise was attended by 80 officers from the armed forces of 14 countries and was a support activity of UN Peace Support Operations.

Exercise Raksha Yojna: Exercise Raksha Yojna is a training exercise on strategic planning, optimization of resources and preparation and implementation of perspective plans.

Exercise Yudh Abhyas (Trishul): This exercise is a war game for the participants of HDMC (MMS) programs and is conducted by the Higher Command Wing of Army War College (AWC) Mhow. The purpose of the exercise is to enable the participants to apply management tools and techniques in pragmatic decision making. The exercise, original started as Exercise Yudh Abhyas has since been renamed as Exercise Trishul.

Exercise Parivartan: Exercise Parivartan is a war game open to the participants from the three services of the armed forces, devised with the objective to train the participants to use modern management tools and techniques in the tactical planning and execution of offensive and defensive operations.

Exercise Parivartan: Exercise Parivartan is a research based exercise where the participants undertake project studies on organizational problems and their solutions.

Publications
The CDM has a regular publication by name Defence Management Journal which had its first issue released in January 1974. The Journal is now released biannually.

See also

 Indian National Defence University
 List of business schools in Hyderabad, India
 Military Academies in India
 Sainik school

References

External links
 Report
 Report in The Hindu

Military academies of India
Ministry of Defence (India)
Business schools in Hyderabad, India
Education in Secunderabad
Educational institutions established in 1971
1971 establishments in Andhra Pradesh


title: Thomas Sheafe

text:
Thomas Sheafe D.D. (d. 12 December 1639) was a Canon of Windsor from 1614 to 1639.

Family

He was the son of Thomas Sheafe, clothier of Cranbook in Kent.
He married firstly to Mary Wilson, by whom at least, his daughter Dorothy who married the minister, Henry Whitfield.

His son, Revd Thomas Sheafe MD FRCP, was Gulstonian lecturer in 1641, of Binfield, Berkshire.

Career

He was King's Scholar at Eton College and then educated at King's College, Cambridge where he graduated BA in 1585, MA in 1588 BD in 1595 and DD in 1606.

He was appointed:
Rector of Welford and Withambrook, Berkshire 1597

He was appointed to the ninth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1614, a position he held until 1639.

Publications
Vindiciae Senectutis, or a Plea for Old Age. Published in London 1639.

Notes

1639 deaths
Canons of Windsor
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Year of birth missing


title: Plicatol C

text:
Plicatol C is one of the three phenanthrenes that can be isolated from the stems of the orchid Flickingeria fimbriata.

See also
 Plicatol A
 Plicatol B

References

External links
 Plicatol C at kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp

Phenanthrenoids
Flickingeria


title: Apache PDFBox

text:
Apache PDFBox is an open source pure-Java library that can be used to create, render, print, split, merge, alter, verify and extract text and meta-data of PDF files.

Open Hub reports over 11,000 commits (since the start as an Apache project) by 18 contributors representing more than 140,000 lines of code. PDFBox has a well established, mature codebase maintained by an average size development team with increasing year-over-year commits. Using the COCOMO model, it took an estimated 46 person-years of effort.

Structure
Apache PDFBox has these components:
 PDFBox: the main part
 FontBox: handles font information
 XmpBox: handles XMP metadata
 Preflight (optional): checks PDF files for PDF/A-1b conformity.

History
PDFBox was started in 2002 in SourceForge by Ben Litchfield who wanted to be able to extract text of PDF files for Lucene. It became an Apache Incubator project in 2008, and an Apache top level project in 2009.

Preflight was originally named PaDaF and developed by Atos worldline, and donated to the project in 2011.

In February 2015, Apache PDFBox was named an Open Source Partner Organization of the PDF Association.

See also

 List of PDF software

References

External links
Apache PDFBox Project

PDFBox
Free PDF software
Free software programmed in Java (programming language)
Java (programming language) libraries
Java platform
Software using the Apache license


title: 2012 Havant Borough Council election

text:
The 2012 Havant Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Havant Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:
Conservative 34
Labour 3
Liberal Democrats 1

Background
Before the election the Conservatives ran the council with 35 seats, compared to 2 for the Liberal Democrats and 1 for Labour. Labour targeted Warren Park, where both seats were held by the Conservatives, but the Conservative councillor Mike Sceal had won the seat at the 2008 election by only 24 votes.

Election result
The Conservatives stayed in strong control of the council after losing just 1 seat. Labour gained 2 seats, one each from the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, while the other Labour councillor Terry Hart held his seat in Bondfields. Richard Brown gained Warren Park from the Conservative after having lost the seat at the 2010 election, while Ralph Cousins regained Battins from the Liberal Democrats, which reduced the Liberal Democrats to 1 seat on the council. Overall turnout at the election was 27.5%.

Ward results

Barncroft

Battins

Bedhampton

Bondfields

Cowplain

Emsworth

Hart Plain

Hayling East

Hayling West

Purbrook

St. Faiths

Stakes

Warren Park

Waterloo

By-elections between 2012 and 2014

Battins
A by-election took place in Battins ward on 15 November 2012 after Katie Ray resigned from the council. Faith Ponsonby held the seat for the Liberal Democrats by a majority of 264 votes on a turnout of just 18%.

Bedhampton
A by-election took place in Bedhampton ward on 2 May 2013 after the resignation of Conservative councillor Jenny Wride. The seat was held for the Conservatives by David Smith by a majority of 114 votes.

Emsworth
A by-election took place in Emsworth ward on 2 May 2013 after the resignation of the former Conservative council leader David Gillett. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Colin Mackey by a majority of 692 votes.

Waterloo
A by-election took place in Waterloo ward on 24 October 2013 after the resignation of Conservative councillor John Hunt. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Peter Wade by a majority of 237 votes.

References

2012 English local elections
Havant Borough Council elections
2010s in Hampshire


title: Zbigniew Deptuła

text:
Zbigniew Roman Deptuła (born 1 March 1962) is a Polish politician from the Polish People's Party. He has served as member of the Sejm from 2001 to 2005.

References

1962 births
Living people
People from Masovian Voivodeship
Polish People's Party politicians
Members of the Polish Sejm 2001–2005


title: Educating Joey Essex

text:
Educating Joey Essex is a British television programme which began airing on ITV2 on 16 March 2014. The show features former The Only Way Is Essex star Joey Essex and is narrated by Phillip Schofield. The show title is a similarity to the 2011 Channel 4 reality show Educating Essex.

The first programme aired in March 2014 and was originally planned to be a one-off special. On 5 June 2014, a full series was announced.

In 2016 it was announced that Educating Joey Essex would return for a second series filming started in April. Series 2 premiered 12 June 2016.

Essex announced whilst on ITV This Morning on 28 June 2017 that he would like to do another series of Educating Joey Essex or a one-off special. Joey also said that there needs to be a reason to do another episode or series and at the moment there isn't but the series is still on his mind for a return.

Series overview

Series One

Series Two

Notes
 There is also going to be a US election special, starring Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.

For episode 3 in series 2, filming also took place on 25 August 2016 before transmission later that day where Joey Essex receives his GCSE results.

Episode 4,5, and 6 was a three parter.

Releases
Three episodes of series one have been made available on Amazon Instant Video UK

References

External links
Official Twitter

2010s British reality television series
2014 British television series debuts
2016 British television series endings
English-language television shows
ITV reality television shows
Television series by All3Media


title: Factor I deficiency

text:
Factor I deficiency, also known as fibrinogen deficiency, is a rare inherited bleeding disorder related to fibrinogen function in the blood coagulation cascade. It is typically subclassified into four distinct fibrinogen disorders: afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, and hypodysfibrinogenemia.
 Afibrinogenemia is defined as a lack of fibrinogen in the blood, clinically <20 mg/deciliter of plasma. The frequency of this disorder is estimated at between 0.5 and 2 per million. Within the United States, afibrinogenemia accounts for 24% of all inherited abnormalities of fibrinogen, while hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia account for 38% each.
 Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is defined as a partial deficiency of fibrinogen, clinically 20–80/deciliter of plasma. Estimated frequency varies from <0.5 to 3 per million.
 Dysfibrinogenemia is defined as malfunctioning or non-functioning fibrinogen in the blood, albeit at normal concentrations: 200–400 mg/deciliter of plasma. Dysfibrinogenemia may be an inherited disease and therefore termed congenital dysfibrinogenemia or secondary to another disease and therefore termed acquired dysfibrinogenemia. The congenital disorder is estimated to a frequency varying between 1 and 3 per million.
 Hypodysfibrinogenemia is a partial deficiency of fibrinogen that is also malfunctioning. Hypodysfibrinogenemia is an extremely rare inherited disease.

Clinically, these disorders are generally associated with an increased diathesis, i.e. propensity, to develop spontaneous bleeding episodes and excessive bleeding after even minor tissue injuries and surgeries; however, individuals with any of these disorders may also exhibit a propensity to pathological thrombosis episodes.

Treatment of these disorders generally involves specialized centers and the establishment of preventive measures designed based on each individuals personal and family histories of the frequency and severity of previous bleeding and thrombosis episodes, and, in a select few cases, the predicted propensity of the genetic mutations which underlie their disorders to cause bleeding and thrombosis.

Signs and symptoms
Afibrinogenemia is typically the most severe of the three disorders. Common symptoms include bleeding of the umbilical cord at birth, traumatic and surgical bleeding, GI tract, oral and mucosal bleeding, spontaneous splenic rupture, and rarely intracranial hemorrhage and articular bleeding.
Symptoms of hypofibrinogenemia varies from mild to severe, but can include bleeding of the GI tract, oral and mucosal bleeding, and very rarely intracranial bleeding. More commonly it presents during traumatic bleeding or surgical procedures. Most cases (60%) of dysfibrinogenemia are asymptomatic, but 28% exhibit hemorrhaging similar to that described above while 20% exhibit thrombosis (i.e. excessive clotting).

Causes
The disorders associated with Factor I deficiency are generally inherited, although certain liver diseases can also affect fibrinogen levels and function (e.g. cirrhosis). Afibrinogenemia is a recessive inherited disorder, where both parents must be carriers. Hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia can be dominant (i.e. only one parent needs to be a carrier) or recessive. The origin of the disorders is traced back to three possible genes: FGA, FGB, or FGG. Because all three are involved in forming the hexameric glycoprotein fibrinogen, mutations in any one of the three genes can cause the deficiency.

Diagnosis

Treatment
The most common type of treatment is cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate drip to increase fibrinogen levels to normal during surgical procedures or after trauma. RiaSTAP, a factor I concentrate, was approved by the U.S. FDA in 2009 for use when the fibrinogen level was below 50 mg/deciliter of plasma. Recently, antifibrinolytics have also been used to inhibit fibrinolysis (breaking down of the fibrin clot). In the case of dysfibrinogenemia that manifests by thrombosis, anticoagulants can be used. Due to the inhibited clotting ability associated with a- and hypofibrinogenemia, physicians advise against the use of Aspirin as it inhibits platelet function.

See also
 Congenital afibrinogenemia
 Hypodysfibrinogenemia

References

External links

Coagulopathies
Congenital disorders


title: Hmong College Prep Academy

text:
Hmong College Prep Academy (HCPA) is a charter school in St. Paul, Minnesota that has grades K-12.

HCPA is open to all students.  It has a large population of Hmong American and Karen American students.

History
HCPA started in 2004 in Minneapolis as a grade 8-10 school.  In 2006, HCPA moved to the Midway neighborhood of St. Paul.  The first graduating class was in 2007.  Also, in 2007, Phase II of the school's expansion plan began with additional buildings being constructed.  A new high school was built in 2013, signifying the start of HCPA's Phase III expansion.  The most recent addition, a new elementary school, ended Phase IV expansion in 2017.  A larger and more complete middle school opened for the start of the 2021-2022 school year.

In Spring 2019, HCPA, a non-profit K-12 charter school in St. Paul, Minnesota, began exploring options to fund capital improvements, namely constructing a middle-school building. Dr. Christiana Hang, HCPA's founder, former superintendent, and former Chief Financial Officer, inquired whether her friend Kay Yang, a hedge fund manager, knew of potential investors or donors interested in HCPA. Yang contacted Paul Brown, an owner and manager of Woodstock Capital, LLC (“Woodstock GP”). Brown assured Hang that any investment would comply with Minnesota law and HCPA's investment policy. He also sent Hang a proposed “Addendum Letter of Agreement,” which described how HCPA’s potential investment would be allocated.

Clark Reiner, the Chief Executive Officer of Woodstock GP, had emailed Hang to introduce himself and explain that he had filled out portions of the Subscription Agreement for HCPA. Throughout phone conversations and email exchanges in August and September 2019, Brown again assured Hang that any potential investment in Woodstock LP would comply with HCPA’s investment parameters. At Hang’s request, on September 6, 2019, Reiner executed a “side letter,” which “outline[d] the specific types of securities that the Woodstock GP committed to purchase using HCPA’s investment.”The Fund will invest in US Government Bonds and Short‐Term interest rate debt securities, which are very liquid. The fund may also, if opportune, invest in European government bonds with an equivalent, or higher rating than US Government bonds. The Fund will concentrate on benchmark 10‐year US bonds as well as Short‐Term Notes and interest rate products with the aim of diversification towards lower risk and consistent returns. The Fund will focus on buying these debt securities at discounts through regulated markets and identify, purchase, and hold positions that will reap consistent profits throughout the year. These securities can be held, or sold, for optimal risk management. The fund, through its affiliations with liquidity providers, will also extend and provide liquidity to banks and Broker Dealers and earn a percentage of the liquidity that it provides for this service.

From Reiner's letter on September 6, 2019.In September 2019, HCPA executed the Subscription Agreement to purchase shares in Woodstock LP, and Hang wired $5 million from HCPA’s Minnesota-based bank account to Woodstock LP. The next month, the funds began trading on the stock market. HCPA’s monthly statements showed the fund’s value decreasing substantially. When HCPA expressed concern to Woodstock GP about the decreasing value, Woodstock GP repeatedly informed HCPA that the statements did not reflect the true value of HCPA’s interest, which remained at or near the original $5 million.

HCPA's $5,000,000 investment did not comply with Minnesota law regarding permissible investments of public funds or their own investment policies. From September 2019 through April 2021, HCPA has failed to recover $4,315,238 of the public funds lost.Safety of Principal ‐ Investments shall be undertaken in a manner that seeks to ensure the preservation of principal in the overall portfolio. To attain this objective only appropriate investment instruments will be purchased and insurance or collateral may be required to ensure the return of principal.

The first objective of the charter school’s investment policy

School Programs
All HCPA students receive small group advising through HCPA's College Prep Program.  Starting in 2010, the College Prep Program is a grade 6-12 plan in which students remain with a single teacher and student cohort for their entire stay in a particular school (MS, HS).  These advisory cohorts are represented by a college/mascot when competing with other CPs at HCPA's monthly and quarterly assemblies.

Traditions
Students at HCPA have a quarterly Warrior Day where students compete in academic, athletic and spirit competitions.
Additionally, HCPA has an annual World Culture Day. The day is filled with food, song, dance and traditional clothing.

HCPA students Also have a school wide picnic. Recently, the school picnic has also provided a platform for community outreach. Groups including the Saint Paul Police, Ramsey County Sheriff's Department, Minnesota National Guard and Saint Paul Fire Department have regaled the students with demonstrations that range from K-9 exhibitions to helicopter fly-ins.

Athletics and Clubs

Hmong College Prep Academy competes in the Eastern Minnesota Athletic Conference and has the following sports teams.

High school level:
Boys Soccer
Football
Wrestling
Track
Girls Soccer
Girls Volleyball (Varsity, Junior Varsity, C Squad) - 2019 Eastern Minnesota Athletic Conference Team Sportsmanship Award
Boys Basketball (Varsity, Junior Varsity)
Girls Basketball - 2019-2020 Eastern Minnesota Athletic Conference Team Sportsmanship Award
Girls Badminton

Middle school sports teams:
Coed soccer
Coed basketball
Coed volleyball

Clubs:
Robotics Club
Flag Football
eSports
Cheerleading
Boys Volleyball
Hmong Dance
Knowledge Bowl
GSA
Bass Fishing
Student Ambassadors

See also
 History of the Hmong in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
 Language/culture-based charter school

References

External links
 Hmong College Prep Academy

Charter schools in Minnesota
Education in Saint Paul, Minnesota
High schools in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Hmong-American culture in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Hmong-American culture and history


title: Solapur–Mumbai CSMT Superfast Express

text:
The 22140 / 39 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Central Railway zone that runs between  and Mumbai CST in India.

It operates as train number 22140 from Solapur Junction to Mumbai CST and as train number 22139 in the reverse direction serving the state of Maharashtra.

Coaches

The 22140 / 39 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express has 1 AC First Class cum AC 2 tier, 2 AC 3 tier, 6 Sleeper Class, 4 General Unreserved and 2 SLR (Seating cum Luggage Rake) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car.

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

Service

22140 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express covers the distance of  in 10 hours 50 mins (42.00 km/h) and in 8 hours 50 mins as 22139 Mumbai CST–Solapur Express (51.51 km/h).

Routeing

The 22140 / 39 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express runs from Solapur Junction via , ,  to Mumbai CST.

Traction

This train is hauled end to end by a Kalyan based WAP7 in its entire journey.

Timings

22140 Solapur–Mumbai CST Express leaves Solapur Junction every day except Wednesday at 21:10 hrs IST and reaches Mumbai CST at 05:10 hrs IST the next day.

22139 Mumbai CST–Solapur Express leaves Mumbai CST every day except Thursday at 21:20 hrs IST and reaches Solapur Junction at 05:30 hrs IST the next day.

See also
 Siddheshwar Express

References

 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Punes-rail-connectivity-goes-up/articleshow/20920955.cms
 http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/rail-budget-2013-mumbai-commuters-to-get-ac-coaches-soon-335808
 http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=PDAJJAPsXBxZj4WoEyWkD1Em6li2iBrXJuRTLALz62w=

External links

Express trains in India
Transport in Solapur
Rail transport in Maharashtra
Transport in Mumbai


title: Shannon Cunneen

text:
Shannon Cunneen (born 2 March 1977 in Orange, New South Wales) is an Australian former cricket player.

She played 41 Women's National Cricket League games for the New South Wales Breakers.

Cunneen represented the Australia national women's cricket team in four One Day Internationals. She was the 100th woman to play One Day International cricket for Australia.

References

External links
 Shannon Cunneen at southernstars.org.au

Living people
1977 births
Australia women One Day International cricketers
People from Orange, New South Wales
Cricketers from New South Wales
Sportswomen from New South Wales


title: 2014–15 EHF Champions League

text:
The 2014–15 VELUX EHF Champions League was the 55th edition of Europe's premier club handball competition and the 22nd edition under the current EHF Champions League format. SG Flensburg-Handewitt were the defending champions.

FC Barcelona Handbol defeated Veszprém KC 28–23 in the final to win their eighth EHF Champions League title. The record winners of the European top flight also claimed one trophy of the Champions Cup (the EHF Champions League forerunner) in 1991.

Overview

Team allocation
League positions of the previous season shown in parentheses (TH: Title holders). 21 teams were directly qualified for the group stage.

Round and draw dates
Draws were held at the European Handball Federation headquarters in Vienna, Austria and the only exception was the VELUX EHF FINAL4 draw in the Botanic Garden of Cologne, Germany.

Qualification stage

Twelve teams took part in the qualification tournaments. They were drawn into three groups of four teams, where they played a semifinal and a final or third place match. The winners of the qualification tournaments, played on 6–7 September 2014, qualified for the group stage, while the eliminated teams were transferred to the 2014–15 EHF Cup. The draw took place on 26 June 2014, at 14:00 local time, in Vienna, Austria.

Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 June 2014.

Qualification tournament 1

Qualification tournament 2

Qualification tournament 3

Group stage

24 teams were drawn into four groups of six teams, where they played each other twice. The top four teams advanced to the knockout stage. The draw took place on 27 June 2014, at 18:00 local time, in Vienna, Austria.

Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 June 2014.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

The top four placed teams of each group advance to the knockout stage. In the round of 16 and the quarterfinals, the teams will play a home-and away series to determine the four participants of the final four, which then determines the winner.

Last 16
The draw was held on 24 February 2015 at 12:30 in Vienna, Austria. The first legs were played on 11–15 March and the second legs on 18–22 March 2015.

Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 February 2015.

A team from Pot 1 will face a team from Pot 4, a Pot 2 team will play against a team from Pot 3.

Matches

|}

Quarterfinals
The draw was held on 24 March 2015 at 11:30 in Vienna, Austria. The first legs were played on 8–12 April and the second legs on 15–19 April 2015.

Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 March 2015.

Matches

|}

Final four
The draw was held on 21 April 2015.

The final four will be held on 30–31 May 2015 at the Lanxess Arena, Cologne.

Top goalscorers
Statistics exclude qualifying round.

Awards

The All-star team of the Champions League 2014/15:

See also
2014–15 EHF Cup
2014–15 EHF Challenge Cup

References

External links
Official website

EHF Champions League seasons
Men's Champions League
Men's Champions League


title: Mohd Zin Abdul Ghani

text:
Mohd Zain bin Haji Abdul Ghani (died 14 May 1997) was a Malaysian politician from Malacca state. He was the Chief Minister of Malacca from 14 October 1994 to 14 May 1997.

Political background
Mohd Zin successfully ran as Kelemak State Assemblyman. Mohd Zin appointed as Chief Minister of Malacca to replace Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik who has resigned as Chief Minister following the involvement with a scandal involving an underage girl. He was swearing as a Chief Minister in front of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri Melaka (Governor), Tun Syed Ahmad Syed Mahmud Shahabudin.

As Chief Minister, he also led the Malacca Customary Land Development Corporation (PERTAM). The Malacca State Cultured Seminary was held on 16 April 1996 in collaboration with the Chief Minister and was officially opened by Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, Anwar Ibrahim. Mohd Zin also involved in the opening of the National Arts Day on 27 May 1995, the inauguration of the Museum of Arts 28 May 1995 and the launch of Munshi Abdullah speech organised by the Melaka Malay 9 December 1995.

Controversies and issues
During his administration, there was talk of privatisation Malacca Water Corporation (PAM) (now Syarikat Air Melaka (SAMB)) to Gibca Holdings Sdn. Bhd. and the agreement should be signed in May 1997. However the privatisation was postponed following the death of Mohd Zin on 14 May 1997.

On 11 April 1998, Mohd Zin's name was linked to a fraud case involving the former Malacca State Government Secretary, Datuk Wira Abdul Rahman Jamal regarding the Sports Complex project in Paya Rumput worth (RM260 million). Abdul Rahman claimed that he was instructed by the former Chief Minister of Malacca, Mohd Zin Abdul Ghani to write a letter of recommendation for the approval of the Ministry of Finance.

Death
Mohd Zin died on 14 May 1997 in Tawakkal Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, age of 56. He was buried at Kampung Pengkalan Muslim Cemetery near his hometown at Alor Gajah, Melaka. After Zin's death, he was replaced by Abu Zahar Ithnin as a Chief Minister.

Election results

Honours
  :
  Medal of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PPN) (1980)
  Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1985)
  :
  Companion Class I of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DMSM) – Datuk (1990)
  Grand Commander of the Exalted Order of Malacca (DGSM) – Datuk Seri (1995)

Memorials

Alor Gajah
 The Pengkalan Intersection at Lebuh AMJ (Federal Route 19) was renamed as Datuk Seri Mohd Zin Intersection.
 Jalan Tampin on Federal Route 61 was renamed as Jalan Dato' Mohd Zin
 Sekolah Menengah Teknik Datuk Seri Mohd Zin, a secondary school.
 Kolej Vokasional Datuk Seri Mohd Zin, a vocational college at Kampung Pengkalan.

Melaka City/Batu Berendam
 Jalan Dato' Mohd Zin, a major roads in Batu Berendam

References

1997 deaths
1941 births
Chief Ministers of Malacca
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian people of Malay descent
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Members of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly
Malacca state executive councillors
Medallists of the Order of the Defender of the Realm
Members of the Order of the Defender of the Realm


title: Gymnopusin

text:
Gymnopusin is a phenanthrenediol produced by the orchid Bulbophyllum gymnopus. It is also found in Bulbophyllum reptans and Maxillaria densa.

References

External links
 Gymnopusin at kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp

Phenanthrenoids
Orchids


title: Rajnandgaon International Hockey Stadium

text:
International Hockey Stadium is hockey stadium located in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh. The stadium is Chhattisgarh's first international astroturf hockey stadium and second largest hockey stadium after Raipur Stadium is spread over an area of nearly 9.5 acres, and built at an estimated cost of 22 crores was dedicated to public in January 2014 by state Governor Shekhar Dutt and chief minister Raman Singh.

The exhibition match between Governor's Eleven and CM's Eleven comprising some international players, including Indian hockey men's squad skipper Sardara Singh, Harjot Singh, Affan Yousuf, Lalit Upadhyay and others, also was played the occasion.

This was the second key international standard sports infrastructure envisioned by Raman Singh which was built by the State Government after the Raipur International Cricket Stadium came up at an estimated cost of `100 crore at Naya Raipur.

References

Field hockey venues in India
Sports venues in Rajnandgaon
2014 establishments in Chhattisgarh
Sports venues completed in 2014
Rajnandgaon


title: Zugsführer

text:
(Zgf or ZF; ) is a rank of the enlisted men rank group (EN group) in the Austrian Bundesheer. In comparison to the German Bundeswehr it is equivalent to the EN-rank “Oberstabsgefreiter”. A Zugsführer might be tasked to lead a sub-subunit of 8 to 13 soldiers.

During United Nations missions and in NATO Partnership for Peace the rank Zugsführer will be designated in English with Master Corporal (MCpl) and is equivalent to NATO-Rang code OR-4.

Austria-Hungary (until 1918)
The Zugsführer rank was derived from the former platoon corporal (de: Zugskorporal) in 1857 and introduced to the Austro-Hungarian armed forces (hu: „Szakaszvezetö“). The rank was equivalent to the German NCO-grade Sergeant. The Zugsführer was authorized to wear yellow-black NCO port epée.

Depending on the armed forces branch, service, or assignment the Zugsführer rank (with the appropriate rank I insignia) was equivalent to:
Stabführer (en: Tambour major)
Kurschmied (en: Health smith, cavalry shoeing)
Rechnungs-Unteroffizier 2. Klasse (en: Fiscal NCO 2nd class; hu: Számvivö altiszt)
Waffenmeister 2. Klasse (en: Weapon master 2nd class)

See also
 Ranks of the Austrian Bundesheer
 Rank insignias of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces

References

 Die Streitkräfte der Republik Österreich, 1918-1968, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Militärwissenschaftliches Institut, 1968.

Military ranks of Austria


title: 2014–15 FK Čukarički season

text:
The 2014–15 season is FK Čukarički´s 2nd straight season in Serbian SuperLiga. Because FK Crvena Zvezda violation of Financial Fair Play, FK čukarički received wildcard for UEFA Europa League. This article shows player statistics and all official matches that the club played during the 2014–15 season.

Players

Squad list

Top scorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.

Players

In

Matches

Serbian SuperLiga

Serbian Cup

UEFA Europa League

External links

FK Čukarički
Cukaricki
Cukaricki


title: Bare Essentials

text:
Bare Essentials is a 1991 American made-for-television comedy film starring Gregory Harrison, Mark Linn-Baker and Lisa Hartman. It was directed by Martha Coolidge and written by Allen Estrin and Mark Estrin.

Plot
Gordon (Linn-Baker) and Sydney (Hartman) are both hard-working, over-stressed, and engaged and decide to take a short cruise. However, they end up getting lost and stranded on an island named Luhana. While there, they meet an American named Bill (Harrison) who has lived on the island for 3 years and also owns it. Eventually Sydney starts to fall for Bill. They take walks together and swim in the ocean. They wind up having sex under water. Meanwhile, Gordon's laid up since hurting his back after chopping down a palm tree to make a boat out of. Gordon meets Tarita who turns out to be Bill's girlfriend. When Sydney finds out, she's furious. The two couples end up playing Monopoly like they're at war. Gordon is falling for Tarita, who gave him a massage earlier which cured his back. Eventually, the couples switch partners for the better. But then, Sydney finds out that Bill has been hiding on the island because he's wanted for insider trading. She decides to turn him in to the police who eventually show up to rescue her and Gordon. She then decides not to, as she's grown very fond of him. She and Gordon start to head back home. But Gordon then jumps ship and swims back to Tarita. Sydney returns to New York, but realizes she misses Bill. She gets on a ferry to take her back to the island. Bill surprises her by showing up on the ferry, clean shaven and wearing a suit, to return to his old life in the city. He tells her he was framed and that his case has been settled. Gordon now owns Luhana. Sydney and Bill kiss as the movie ends.

Cast
Gregory Harrison as Bill Buzell
Mark Linn-Baker as Gordon Perkins
Lisa Hartman as Sydney Wayne
Charlotte Lewis as Tarita

Reception
In a contemporary review, Variety described the film as "mildly diverting" and that director Martha Coolidge "does a crisp job with what's she's got, though writers Allen Estrin and Mark Estrin don't offer much help with the repartee."  The Los Angeles Times panned it as having a "Clothing-Thin Plot".

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links

1991 television films
1991 films
1991 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Films set on islands
CBS network films
Films directed by Martha Coolidge
Republic Pictures films
1990s American films
1990s English-language films


title: Gainesville Police Department

text:
The Gainesville Police Department is responsible for law enforcement within the city limits of Gainesville, Florida. This includes operations, investigations, crime prevention, victim outreach, community outreach, and youth outreach.

History
The police department formed in the early 1900s. The department began purchasing cars in 1908. By 1922, the department consisted of three members, and over time the department kept growing.

See also
List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies

References

External links
Gainesville Police Department website

Gainesville, Florida
Municipal police departments of Florida


title: Development of Fez

text:
The high-profile and protracted five-year development of the video game Fez led to its status as an "underdog darling of the indie game scene". The 2012 puzzle-platform game built around rotating between four 2D views of a 3D space was developed by indie developer Polytron Corporation and published by Polytron, Trapdoor, and Microsoft Studios. Over the course of the game's development, Fez designer and Polytron founder Phil Fish received celebrity status for his outspoken public persona and prominence in the 2012 documentary Indie Game: The Movie, which followed the game's final stages of development and Polytron's related legal issues. The game was released to critical acclaim as an Xbox Live Arcade timed exclusive, and was later ported to other platforms. It had sold one million copies by the end of 2013.

Fish and Shawn McGrath collaborated on a puzzle game that became Fez. When McGrath left the project due to creative differences, Fish, the game's artist, pursued a platform game direction with Renaud Bédard, the game's programmer, who wrote the game's level editor and game engine from scratch. Levels were built in 3D by extruding surfaces with Photoshop-created textures. Bédard and Fish were joined by three different animators and other collaborators. The game was first announced in June 2007 and won an award at the 2008 Independent Games Festival and entered the public spotlight. Fish created a studio, Polytron Corporation, and was later aided by nearby developer-publisher Trapdoor when Polytron ran out of money. Fez won several more prerelease awards, including the 2012 Seumas McNally Grand Prize.

History

Fez development cycle developed a reputation for its protracted five-year length and public exposure. Nathan Grayson of VG247 likened the game's rocky development process to "an indie Duke Nukem Forever". Polygon reviewer Arthur Gies wrote that the game was an "underdog darling of the indie game scene" for four years prior to its release. The game's designer, Phil Fish, became renowned in a way unusual for game developers due to his prominence in Indie Game: The Movie, which released in 2012. While the game was released to wide acclaim, Fish himself became known for his outspoken and acerbic public persona.

The game that became Fez began in a collaboration between Montreal-based Phil Fish and Toronto-based Shawn McGrath on McGrath's idea for a puzzle game: a four-sided 3D space with each side in 2D, similar to Fish's 3D pixels (voxels) as incorporated into Fez. The entirety of Fez design, lore, and art descends from this game mechanic. Fish provided the project's art and credited his influence to Shigeru Miyamoto and Hayao Miyazaki. Fish and McGrath's partnership crumbled due to creative differences, as Fish wanted to create a platform game. Fish continued to work on the game in his spare time and announced his search for a programmer on DeviantArt, and the first person to reply, Renaud Bédard, became lead programmer. They were both the same age and living in Montreal. Though Bédard had some hobbyist experience in 3D graphics and was studying computer science, Fez was his first professional game development project. His first task was to write the level editor and game engine.

Fez was first announced in July 2007 on The Independent Gaming Source. A trailer released in October 2007 convinced Jason DeGroot to join the development team as a producer. DeGroot, also known as "6955", first met Fish at a 2006 E3 party, and started work on the game's soundtrack and sound effects. The soundtrack was ultimately composed by Rich "Disasterpeace" Vreeland and the sound effects by Brandon McCartin. The game was nominated for two awards at the 2008 Independent Games Festival (IGF) at the Game Developers Conference (GDC): Excellence in Visual Art and the Design Innovation Award. As Fez was a side project, Fish was employed full-time at Artificial Mind and Movement in Montreal, where he worked on a tie-in game for a film. He was not permitted time off to attend the event and thus decided to quit his job in January 2008—a moment he later marked as "when I became indie". The game won "Excellence in Visual Art", and created a surge of public interest in the game concurrent to a similar swell of interest in indie game developers. Fish received a Canadian government loan to open Polytron Corporation as a startup company and began full-time work on Fez. In July 2009, Polytron announced a release for Xbox Live Arcade in early 2010. Polytron and Microsoft agreed to release Fez as an Xbox exclusive, a deal Fish later recalled as sensible. Fish designed the game as "a console game, not a PC game", and felt that the way he intended the game to be experienced—with a controller on a couch—was "part of the medium". Polytron ruled out a WiiWare release due to problems Fish had with their platform and developer options.

Development continued with a more experimental ethos until the company began to run out of capital. The Canadian government loan that had funded Polytron's prototyping phase was not renewed for their production phase. They also lost funding from the organization that preceded the Indie Fund as Polytron's producer left the company. Fish borrowed money from friends and family for three months to keep the company open. In dire straits, he considered canceling the project. In March 2011, the nearby Québécois developer-publisher Trapdoor offered to help Polytron, having just signed a deal with Electronic Arts to publish their own game, Warp. Trapdoor assisted with Polytron's finances and operations and offered to treat them as part of their company and let them keep their intellectual property rights in exchange for a portion of Fez earnings. Fish felt that partnership rescued the game.

Fish is shown preparing for Fez March 2011 PAX East booth in the 2012 documentary film Indie Game: The Movie, which chronicles the stories of several indie developers at various stages of their games' development cycles. As a subplot, the film presents Fish amidst a legal dispute with a former business partner that jeopardizes the game's future. The partner, believed to be Jason DeGroot, is portrayed negatively and does not participate onscreen. The film's end credits were later corrected to reflect that Fish's business partner was not asked for input. Game Informer called Fish the film's "most memorable developer", and Rock, Paper, Shotgun wrote that Fish is portrayed as melodramatic, theatrical, and neurotic, in a way that exacerbates his outspoken public perception. Eurogamer said that the part where Fish resolves to kill himself if he does not release his game is "the film's most startling moment".

Fez won the Audience Choice Award at the September 2011 Fantastic Arcade, Best in Show and Best Story/World Design at the October 2011 Indiecade, and the Seumas McNally Grand Prize at the 2012 GDC Independent Games Festival. It was also a 2011 Penny Arcade Expo "PAX 10" selection. Fez was displayed in its entirety in a secluded lounge room at the October 2011 GameCity festival in Nottingham, England. Fish considered the demo their most fruitful yet. Fish told a Gamasutra reporter that he had received positive feedback from Independent Games Festival Chairman Brandon Boyer and Braid designer Jonathan Blow. Near the end of development, Fish felt "burnt out" and that his personal health had suffered. The final game included almost none of the original work from the first two years of development. After several delays, Fez was submitted for certification in February 2012.

Release
Fez was released on April 13, 2012, and sold 200,000 copies in its yearlong exclusivity to the Xbox Live Arcade platform. Several months later, Polytron became embroiled in a high-profile dispute with Microsoft over the cost of patching the game. Polytron had released a fix that resolved many of the game's technical issues but introduced another that corrupted the saved games for about one percent of users. They withdrew the patch, but found Microsoft's fee for subsequent patch releases unviable, and chose to reinstate the withdrawn patch as their most utilitarian option. Polytron drew ire for the decision, which raised awareness for the business needs of indie developers. In July 2013, a year later, Microsoft announced that they no longer charged for patches, and Fish tweeted that Polytron's patch would take "a couple of months". Speaking in retrospect of the release, Fish "fiercely criticized" Fez co-publisher Microsoft Games Studios for botching the game's release. Fish cited a lack of promotion and publicity, and poor advertising of the game on Microsoft's digital market.

In March 2013, Fish announced a May 1, 2013 release for the game's PC port, and opened preorders on GOG.com and Steam. The game's OS X and Linux ports debuted in the pay-what-you-want Humble Indie Bundle 9 on September 11, 2013. Polytron announced ports for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Vita in August 2013 as in development through BlitWorks, which were released on March 25, 2014. The PlayStation releases include cross-console support for cross-buy (where one digital purchase allows access across multiple consoles) and "cross-save" (game save sharing between consoles), as well as support for 3D televisions, the DualShock 4 controller's decorative lightbar, and graphical upgrades due to the full port into the C++ programming language. Ports for Ouya and iOS were also announced. Fish announced eventual ports for pretty much' every platform" but the Nintendo 3DS.

Bédard planned to leave Polytron after finishing Fez to experience work with a full development team, but stayed to port the Windows release before joining Toronto's Capybara Games. He credited the game's long development cycle to his own inexperience in game development (compounded by the team's small size and difficulty in setting reasonable milestones), the game's scope, and Fish's perfectionism. Fish had hoped that players would discuss Fez nuances online after the game's release. Players collaborated online for a week to solve the final "monolith" puzzle by brute force. Ars Technica described the apparent end to the game's harder puzzles as "anticlimactic", but Fish told Eurogamer in March 2013 that hidden in-game secrets remain to be found.

More than three years after its digital launch, Fez received a physical release designed by Fish and limited to a signed edition of 500 in December 2015. The deluxe package included the soundtrack and a stylized red notebook with gold foil inlay.

An iOS port began development in April 2017 when a teaser trailer was released. It was released in December 2017.

Design

When Bédard joined the project, the game focused on the 2D–3D mechanic and did not yet have open world ambitions. He coded the game in Microsoft Visual C# Express and XNA Game Studio Express. His first task, the level editor Fezzer, was coded from scratch in XNA and inspired by SketchUp. Bédard also wrote the game engine, Trixel Technology, which turns 2D tiles ("triles") into sides of a 3D cube pixel. The engine tracks player-character Gomez in 3D space even though the game behaves as a 2D platformer. Bédard also built the game to resolve collisions when converting between 3D and 2D space.

Fish created pixel art in Photoshop for each tiled side ("trile") of the 3D trixel that Bédard's custom software compiled into 3D game assets, which Fish would extrude as surfaces in Fezzer to build levels. Fish found the level design process "overwhelming", and Bédard has said he was relieved that it was not his job. Fish compared his design process to playing with Lego blocks, and planned the more involved levels in graph paper to first visualize the 2D views before building the levels in the 3D software. The levels and puzzles were not preordained in a design document, and many of the drafts levels scrapped in 2008 resurfaced to be used later in the production process. So as to fit the rotation mechanic, the levels were made tall instead of wide, and the first part of the game was designed to acclimate the player to 2D controls before introducing the 3D element. As they worked, Fish first proposed ideas that Bédard would implement. The two would then discuss and fine-tune the addition—they worked well together.

Fish describes the game's changes during development as "organic"—they tested different kinds of levels and replicated the types of in-game exploration that the team appreciated most. It came to adopt Metroidvania mechanics, with "secret passages, warp gates, and cheat codes". Fish cited Myst as another touchstone and compared its open world, nonlinear narrative, and "obtuse metapuzzles" to Fez own alphabet, numeric system, and an "almost unfairly hard to get" "second set of collectibles". Fish originally fought against having an in-game map because he wanted players to draft their own. After attempting to do so himself, he changed his mind. Fish later called the in-game map "probably one of the weakest aspects of the game". Fish also fought against including the navigational assistant, Dot, but later felt that the addition was successful and a positive contribution to the game's mythology. The fez itself, Fish described as an "ancient symbol of understanding the third dimension". Fez had three different animators through its development: Paul Robertson of Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: The Game, who did the game's animals and some of Gomez's animations, Adam Saltsman of Canabalt, and Graham Lackey, who did some character animations.

The game's mechanics were inspired by the Nintendo Entertainment System games Fish played in his youth, particularly Super Mario and The Legend of Zelda. Fish cited Fumito Ueda's Ico as the game's third inspiration, and he sought to emulate its feeling of nostalgic and isolated loneliness. Fish also sought to emulate Ueda's "design by subtraction" philosophy, where the Ico development team would periodically remove parts of the game so as to leave only what was essential to their vision. In this way, ideas like player health and object weight puzzles were gradually struck from Fez. Fish made a personal challenge of designing a game without relying on "established mechanics". As such, Fez was always a peaceful game and there was never an enemy coded into the game. So as to better emulate Hayao Miyazaki's signature "open blue sky", "feel-good" atmosphere, Fish watched all of the director's films one weekend early in the development cycle.

See also

 Development of Duke Nukem Forever – another game with a protracted development cycle

Notes

References

External links

 Developer website

Fez


title: Plácido Bilbao

text:
Plácido Bilbao Zubiaur (13 September 1940 – 16 June 2014) was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a striker.

Career
Born in Lamiaco, Bilbao played for Indautxu, Athletic Bilbao, Real Valladolid, Recreativo de Huelva, Arenas Club, the Boston Beacons, Estepona and Melilla.

References

1940 births
2014 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
SD Indautxu footballers
Athletic Bilbao footballers
Real Valladolid players
Recreativo de Huelva players
Arenas Club de Getxo footballers
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Boston Beacons players
UD Melilla footballers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Men's association football forwards
People from Leioa
Footballers from Biscay


title: Allan Kournikova

text:
Allan Kournikova (; born September 22, 2004) is a youth golfer. He won the U.S. Kids Golf European Championships in 2011–2015, and the U.S. Kids Golf World Championships from 2011 to 2013 and in 2015. He was also featured in the 2013 documentary film The Short Game. He is the half-brother of former professional tennis player Anna Kournikova.

Background
Allan Kournikova was born in Russia on September 22, 2004, to Alla Kournikova and composer/instrumentalist Baron Michael Moog de Medici.

At age two, he took lessons in horseback riding and competed in international show jumping events.

Golf professionals began to take notice of Kournikova at age 4, marveling at his skill.

When he was eight, Kournikova took classes at Palm Beach Virtual School to allow time for golf training.

Kournikova won the U.S. Kids Golf European Championships in 2011–2015 and the U.S. Kids Golf World Championships from 2011 to 2013 and in 2015.

By 2012, his repeat world championships in golf were mentioned in The Wall Street Journal.

His defense of his title at the 2012 U.S. Kids Golf World Championship was chronicled in the 2013 documentary film The Short Game.

In June and August 2013, Kournikova won three consecutive titles in the European and world championships in the division for 8-year-olds. In May 2014, Kournikova won the European championship by 22 strokes. He won the 10-year-old divisions of the 2015 European World Championship and 2015 U.S. Kids World Championship by four strokes and nine strokes, respectively.

Controversy
In January 2010, Kournikova's mother, Alla Kournikova, was convicted of third-degree felony child neglect for leaving him at home without supervision while she ran errands. The 5-year-old jumped from a second-floor window and was found wet, crying, bruised and bleeding by a neighbor, who called police. Kournikova was treated at a local hospital.

Notes

American male golfers
Amateur golfers
Golfers from Florida
American people of Russian descent
Sportspeople from Palm Beach, Florida
2004 births
Living people


title: Salawaku

text:
A Salawaku (in the Tidore and Pagu languages), is a traditional shield originating from the Maluku Islands. It is also known as Ma Dadatoko, Salwake, Saluwaku or Salawako in Galela, Salawakunu in Loloda, Hawau-mu in Madole,  Emuli in Buru or O Dadatoko in Tobelo.

Description
The Salawaku is an hour-glass shaped, long shield. The shield, including the handle, is carved from a single piece of wood. The upper and lower part are broad, and the shield is thinnest in the middle. At the front, it is rounded or has a slight V-shape so that the centre part comes to the foreground. The shield is slightly curved from top to bottom. On the rear, an elevated rib can be seen along the entire length, part of which is the handle in the middle. The front of the Salawaku is painted black using soot and plant juice. It is inlaid with mother-of-pearl and fragments of earthenware, and/or painted with kakean symbols (used by a secret society) and other ornaments; these materials often hint at the foreign aspect of the shields. The shield forms a 'body', and the inlaid patterns refer to certain bodily parts. The upper segment refers to the head, and the lower part to the feet. Arteries run lengthwise. The elevated rib on the rear side represents the spine and, just below the handle, the larynx. Inlays just above the centre represents the eyes. Their number allegedly refers to the number of enemies killed by the ancestors. The shield must be shorter than two arms’ length, in order to avoid the shield's end, and held against the chin to avoid tears falling on the shield, as 'courage and sadness must be separated.'

Use
The term Salawaku means 'protection' and 'repellence': a reference to the supernatural protection of the ancestors; or 'to miss and to catch'. With this technique the defender catches his adversary's weapon, secures it in the wooden shield and then disarms him. The shield is not only a defensive weapon, but thanks to its peculiar, narrow shape may be easily moved to deliver blows with the sharp rims and corners.

Cultural
The Salawaku may be part and parcel of the bridegroom's marriage gifts and are worn during the Cakalele (war dance) or the Hoyla (war dance during the marriage ceremony among the Tobelorese people). During the Cakalele, the Salawaku is carried in the left hand and with a spear or sword in the other. Whereas in the Hasa dance which is only performed by men, who carry the Salawaku on the left hand and a wooden machete, Barakas on the other.

See also

Kurabit

References

Shields
Weapons of Indonesia