title: Entoloma luteum

text:
Entoloma luteum  is a mushroom in the family Entolomataceae. It was described in 1902 by mycologist Charles Horton Peck. Found in North America, it fruits singly or in clusters on the ground in mixed forest. Its angular spores are non-amyloid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 9–13 by 8–12 µm. Entoloma murrayi is a lookalike species that has a more orange cap with a pointy umbo.

See also
List of Entoloma species

References

External links

Entolomataceae
Fungi of North America
Fungi described in 1902
Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck


title: Burkina Faso at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Burkina Faso competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Burkina Faso qualified two athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Field Events

Girls
Track & road events

Swimming

Burkina Faso qualified one swimmer.

Boys

References

2014 in Burkinabé sport
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Burkina Faso at the Youth Olympics


title: Sultana Point

text:
Sultana Point is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located near the south east tip of Yorke Peninsula in the gazetted locality of Sultana Point about  south-southeast of the town of Edithburgh.  The waters to its immediate east contain the shoal system known as the Troubridge Shoals.  It is one of the natural features named after the Sultana, a ship which was wrecked on the Troubridge Shoals on 28 September 1849.  The waters adjoining its shores are located within the boundaries of the Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park.

See also
Sultana (disambiguation)

References

External links
 Beachsafe webpage for Sultana Point

Headlands of South Australia
Yorke Peninsula
Gulf St Vincent


title: Leonard D. Holder Jr.

text:
Leonard Donald Holder Jr. (born January 19, 1944)  is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from July 19, 1995 to August 7, 1997.

He was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame.

References

1944 births
Living people
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)


title: Leonard P. Wishart III

text:
Leonard P. Wishart III (born September 24, 1934) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from July 14, 1988 to August 15, 1991. He later served as the first Director of Non-Legislative and Financial Services of the United States House of Representatives from 1992 to 1994.

External links

References

1934 births
United States Army generals
Living people


title: John E. Miller (general)

text:
John Edward Miller (born May 8, 1941) is a retired lieutenant general of the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from July 27, 1993 to July 19, 1995.

Miller served two tours in Vietnam; the first as a Commander, Company B, 2nd Battalion (Airborne), 327th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division and the second as the District Senior Advisor, Advisory Team 68, Delta Regional Assistance Command, Tam Bình District, Vĩnh Long Province, Republic of Vietnam.

Miller holds a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from Southwest Missouri State University (now Missouri State University) and a Master of Science in Operational Research Analysis from Georgia Institute of Technology. He has completed executive development courses at Yale University, The Center for Creative Leadership and the Menninger Foundation.

Miller’s awards and decorations include the Army Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters, Soldier's Medal, Bronze Star Medal with "V" device and two oak leaf clusters, Purple Heart, Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, Air Medal with “V” Device and Numeral 2, Army Commendation Medal, the Army Achievement Medal, the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Parachutist Badge, the Air Assault Badge, and the Army Staff Identification Badge.

References

1941 births
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Living people
Missouri State University alumni
People from Paragould, Arkansas
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Soldier's Medal
United States Army generals


title: Antioquia-class destroyer

text:
The Antioquia class of destroyers consisted of two ships,  and  , used by the navy of Colombia, the Armada Nacional República de Colombia, between 1934 and 1961. Initially constructed at the Lisbon Naval Arsenal as part of the Portuguese Navy's , they were acquired by Colombia before completion in response to the Peruvian purchase of two destroyers during the war with Peru. They arrived too late to see service in the conflict and saw little action during their service lives. They underwent a major refit in the mid-1950s which saw their armament completely redone.  Following their removal from service in 1961, they were broken up for scrap.

Design and description
The Antioquia class was initially a version of the Portuguese Navy's . The design was by the British company Yarrow Shipbuilders, based on that of the Royal Navy's prototype destroyer . The Antioquia-class destroyers were acquired by Colombia before completion but were built to standard Douro-class specifics. The Douro class closely resembled many British designs in the interwar period. The destroyers were  long overall and  between perpendiculars with a beam of  and a mean draught of . The ship had a standard displacement of  and was  fully loaded.

The vessels were powered by three oil-fired Yarrow boilers providing  of steam to two Parsons turbines with Curtiss reduction gearing. These turned two shafts and was rated at  with a maximum speed of . The destroyers had capacity for  of fuel oil and a range of  at .

The Antioquia class was armed with four BL  guns with two mounted forward in single turrets with gun shields and two mounted aft in a similar fashion. 140 rounds were carried for each gun. The destroyers were equipped with three single-mounted  "pom-poms" with two on the aft shelter deck and one between the funnels. They were also armed with two quadruple banks of  torpedo tubes mounted centrally, two depth charge throwers with twelve depth charges and were fitted for minelaying with 20 naval mines carried.

Ships in class

Construction and service history
Originally ordered by the Portuguese government in 1930 as part of a new building programme. In conjunction with Yarrows, the Lisbon Naval Arsenal of Lisbon was chosen to construct two hulls while Yarrows would provide and install the destroyer's machinery. Named Douro and Tejo, the two hulls constructed in Lisbon were sold to Colombia before completion in response to the Colombia–Peru War, in response to the Peruvian acquisition of two destroyers. Portugal order two further ships to replace them. Douro was renamed Caldas and Tejo was renamed Antioquia.

The war with Peru was shortlived and the Antioquias did not enter service before the war ended. Both ships were launched in 1933 and were commissioned in 1934. The two destroyers saw little action as Colombia remained neutral during World War II. However, the Colombian Navy did perform neutrality patrols into the Caribbean Sea after the  began attacking shipping off its shores. Caldas patrolled the Caribbean Sea on 29–30 March 1944 searching for the submarine. In the 1940s, two  cannon were added amidships.

Following the war, the destroyers returned to their tranquil service until 1952 when Antioquia began a major refit, beginning at Cartagena before going to the United States in 1953. Caldas underwent the same refit in 1954–1955. Both ships were refitted in the United States when two /38 calibre guns replaced the four 4.7-inch guns, one forward and one aft. The destroyers were fitted with Mk 52 fire control, three more 40 mm guns and a hedgehog anti-submarine mortar. The number of torpedo tubes was reduced to one quadruple mount. Antioquia was decommissioned on 23 January 1961, and Caldas on 3 March 1961, with both ships being scrapped.

Notes

Citations

Sources

Destroyer classes
Military history of Colombia
Destroyers of the Colombian Navy

Colombia–Portugal relations


title: Wilson Allen Shoffner

text:
Wilson Allen "Dutch" Shoffner Sr. (March 28, 1938 – January 3, 2014) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from August 16, 1991 to July 27, 1993.

Shoffner was born and raised in Ryan, Oklahoma, graduating from Ryan High School. He attended Cameron College and then completed a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering at Oklahoma State University in 1961. Shoffner participated in the Army ROTC program and was commissioned as a second lieutenant of field artillery. He later earned an M.S. degree in international relations from George Washington University.

As a general officer, Shoffner served as assistant commander of the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood and as commanding general of the 3rd Infantry Division in Würzburg, Germany.

Shoffner was married to Beverly Beth Beauchamp (May 8, 1938 – December 17, 2013) and they had two sons. Wilson Allen "Al" Shoffner Jr. is a 1988 graduate of the United States Military Academy who retired from active duty as a major general in 2020. Thomas Andrew "Andy" Shoffner is a 1990 graduate of the Military Academy who retired from active duty as a colonel in 2017.

Shoffner died at his home in Colleyville, Texas. He was interred along with his wife at Arlington National Cemetery on August 27, 2014.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
People from Ryan, Oklahoma
Oklahoma State University alumni
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Air Medal
Elliott School of International Affairs alumni
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
People from Colleyville, Texas
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery


title: Gerald T. Bartlett

text:
Gerald T. Bartlett (born January 7, 1936) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from June 10, 1986, to July 13, 1988. He later retired as  deputy commanding general of the United States Training and Doctrine Command.

References

1936 births
United States Army generals
Living people


title: Qumran "Horoscopes" (4Q186)

text:
The Qumran Horoscopes are manuscripts found among the Dead Sea Scrolls; they are alternatively called   "Astrological Physiognomies" (4Q186). Unlike most horoscopes, however, in 4Q186 no mention of the positions of astral bodies is found. Instead, the text uses the physiognomic features of a person to tell prophecy in the dabar. This blending of features- of horoscopes and of astrological physiognomies- makes it difficult to accurately title the fragments. For example, a man of "six parts" from the "house of light" and "three parts" from the "pit of darkness" is described (physiognomically) as "long and lean," and is expected (horoscopically) to "be meek."

The significance of 4Q186 to the Qumran community can possibly be illumined by the common Qumranite teachings concerning the two spirits of light and darkness, but this theory does not answer all questions.  The presence of 4Q186 among the Qumran community should not, however, come as a surprise, "for if many Jews frowned on astrology, others... credited its invention to Abraham!"

References

Dead Sea Scrolls
Horoscopic astrology


title: Pseudotricholoma umbrosum

text:
Pseudotricholoma umbrosum, commonly known as the amyloid tricholoma, is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the genus Pseudotricholoma. It was first described scientifically by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Maurice B. Walters in 1943 as a species of Tricholoma. Rolf Singer transferred it to Porpoloma (subgenus Pseudotricholoma) in 1962. The mushroom is found in North America, where it fruits singly or in small groups under conifer trees. Although it resembles a Tricholoma species, it is distinguished from that genus by its amyloid spores.

References

External links

Fungi described in 1943
Fungi of North America
Tricholomataceae
Taxa named by Alexander H. Smith


title: Funerary art in Puritan New England

text:
Funerary art in Puritan New England encompasses graveyard headstones carved between c. 1640 and the late 18th century by the Puritans, founders of the first American colonies, and their descendants. Early New England puritan funerary art conveys a practical attitude towards 17th-century mortality; death was an ever-present reality of life, and their funerary traditions and grave art provide a unique insight into their views on death. The minimalist decoration and lack embellishment
of the early headstone designs reflect the British Puritan and Anglo-Saxon religious cultures.

The earliest Puritan graves in the New England states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, were usually dug without planning, in designated local burial grounds. They were mostly unmarked, but sometimes given upright slate, sandstone or granite stones containing factual but often inelegant and blunt, inscriptions. Later generations decorated their headstones with carvings; most dramatically in the late 17th century with depictions of death's head, a stylized skull sometimes with wings or crossed bones.

Other examples show the deceased carried by the wings, which supposedly took the soul to heaven. From the 1690s the imagery becomes less severe, and began to include winged cherubs (known as "soul effigies") who had fuller faces and rounder and more life-sized eyes and mouths. In headstones dating from the Federalist Era, the rise of secularism saw the prominence of urn and willow imagery.

Stonecarvers
The craftsmen who built the early headstones were generalists tradesmen who also worked as smiths, leather-workers or printers. They tended to work locally; there are no known journeyman or itinerant carvers producing across a wide geographical area. A significant number of surviving headstones share a decorative traditions, which some variation between regions. The oldest known full time grave carver in the Colonies was George Griswold (1633-1704) of Windsor, Connecticut, active between the 1640s and 1690s. The earliest surviving example of his work is an enclosed 1644 table marker for the Reverend Ephraim Huit of the First Church of Windsor. The Boston region was increasing rapidly  in population in the mid to late 17th century, leading to the need for a full-time grave carver. While the  identity of the carveris unknown, the earliest carver in the region worked from 1665 until the turn of the century, and is known by the names of the "Old Stone Cutter", “Charlestown Master” or "Old Stone Cutter of Charlestown"”. Two of his known apprentices, William Mumford and Joseph Lamson later went became successful carvers in the region.

Through probate documentation, newspaper announcements and inscripted signatures, researches have been able to associate more carvers behind particular headstones with identifiable historical people. Although some 300 individual carvers working in New England have been identified, not much is known about the majority of them, with some exceptions including John Lamson of Ipswich, Gershom Bartlett of Bolton, William Mumford of Boston, Josiah Manning and his sons Fredrick and Rockwell of Windham, John Zuricher of Manhattan, the James Foster family of Dorchester, The Stevens Family of Newport, and Nathaniel Holmes (active c. 1805) of Plymouth among others. Other successful early stone carvers include Gershom Bartlett (1723 – 1798) and Zerubbabel Collins (1733–1797).

By the mid 18th century, stone-carving had become an industry with its own system of apprenticeships and workshops. Although not considered a fine art, stone crafting required skill and knowledge, including selecting fine stone from rock outcroppings, shaping them, preparing their faces and carving the reliefs. Different carving schools emerged across New England, including the The John Stevens Shop in Newport, and the Rhode Island carvers Gabriel Allen and Charles Hartshorn, most of whom worked from local slate. The Connecticut River valley was prized for its brownstone quarries which were often used by the regions grave carvers. Portland, Connecticut in particular had one of the largest brownstone quarries and many carvers were based from the region due to the ample supply of material. Families such as the Stanclift Family and Thomas Johnson Family would emerge with generations of tradesmen perfecting the art of carving from the soft and malleable stone.  Brownstone was prized due to its manipulative properties making it easier to carve elaborate designs when compared to Granite Schist or Slate, though ironically these characteristics made the stone prone to worse weathering and erosion than the latter materials.

Flat slate tablets were the preferred medium until marble became fashionable in the early 19th century. Early puritan era carvers were especially preoccupied by economy of line, geometric shapes and, at times abstract patterns. They show an unstyled "primitive" approach that tended towards simplicity and naturalism. As the approach is not detectable in later American art, the historian Allan Ludwig described it as a "half-finished experiment in form making. Its place...must therefore be described as one of quiet isolation. Nothing of the older tradition remained after 1815 but the silence of a forgotten epoch."

Attitude towards death
Although modern western culture tends to avoid the reality of the disposal of its dead, in puritan society it was a common fact of life. Thus, their art reflects a pragmatic approach, embracing realistic imagery that evokes human decay into skulls and bones. Their use of simplistic, line drawn imagery was a deliberate rejection of Catholic iconography, a choice also reflected in the design of their churches, portrait paintings and stained glass. However, in a society that largely rejected visual art as idolatry, images created for funeral rites and headstones themselves were among the few artworks most people in this period would be exposed to.

Puritan grave art reflects a deliberate move away from the European High Baroque type. Because its first generation craftsmen developed their craft isolated in the new world, as self taught, their works can be described as folk style, expressed in a vernacular style. In this their output reflects a general move towards a more vernacular and direct mode of expression, but practically, the style allowed the production of  a far greater number of stylized headstones by removing the need for the carvers having deep workshop experience. Although the New England style was heavily influenced by contemporary or slightly earlier trends in rural England and Scotland, this was more in terms of iconography and symbols than style. New England art of the time avoided Biblical allegories and depictions of the Christian cross.

.
Late 19th century academics tended to view older graveyards as basically museums, that were, as the historian Richard Meyer observed, distant "outdoor, spatially delineated repositories of cultural artifacts". Modern historians see them as unique artifacts which provide an insight into understanding the thoughts and beliefs of the people buried within. Expanding on this thought, the historian Terry G. Jordan said that, given the artifact's density and state of preservation in New England, "nowhere else [in America] is it possible to look so deeply into our people's past". Meyer's takes this further, writing that the grave art of this period "exhibit patterns of change over temporal spans...and...can in many instances yield valuable cultural insights to a number of discrete time periods, including the present." Following Forbes work, researchers applied social sciences techniques in interpretation.

In 1983 the historian James Hijiya raised concerns on the prevailing academic approach and methodology. Noting how early carvers left no account record of their intentions, and thus their motives could not be interpreted, he observed that there is no remaining instance of any articulated evidence to indicate their "outlook on life and death." A significant scholar in the field, Hijiya argued that any reading into the meaning of any stone has to consider "information extraneous to the stones themselves", such as "writings produced at the same time as the carvings, though by different hands [and] aesthetic or anthropological theory which purports to illuminate human behavior at any time". He suggested an approach similar to the art historian Erwin Panofsky; that there is no reason to assume that any decoration is "uniquely determined."

Style
In contrast to contemporary US headstones, the remaining early Puritan examples are low sized and wide. They were typically capped with a rounded tympanum resembling the semi-circular half stones often found above the main doorway entrances into churches. The tympanum thus has symbolic meaning, reflecting the belief that through death, the soul moves from one world into the next. The theologian and minister William Perkins wrote that death was "a little wicket or doore whereby we passe out of this world and enter into heaven." This belief is also evident in some of the inscriptions, where the date of death is prefaced by terms such as "translated" or "exchanged" rather than "died". The phrase "Here Lies the Body" (or "Here lyes Buried the Body") makes this more explicit, implying that while the remains are present in the ground below, the soul has gone elsewhere.

Hijiya divides Northeastern American gravestones into six broad and overlapping styles reflective of "six different attitudes toward death". Of these, the first three are strictly "puritan", before the style softened into Unitarianism and Methodism imagery. The six styles as described by Hijiya are:

 "Plain Style" (1640–1710)
 "Death's Head" (1670–1770)
 "Cherubs" / "Angels" (1740–1820)
 "Urn and Willow" (1780–1850)
 "Monumentalism" (1840–1920)
 "Modern Plain Style" (1900–2001)

Plain Style
The first generation of settlers did not build communal burial grounds, instead they buried their dead on the highest point on their property, and marked individual graves with wooden slabs or field-stones. The earliest New England Puritan burying grounds date from the 1630s, and were, according to writer Meg Greene, "simply places to deposit the remains of the dead". In adherence to the second biblical commandment, "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image", the earliest settlers sought to avoid the worship of ancestors through stone images. In addition they sought to avoid use of the traditional Catholic cross, while table type tombs were seen as too elaborate, practically and aesthetically. The graves had little order to their plotting, and were either unmarked, or were marked a by wooden sign or an uncut rock, with only very few having a simple greenstone or carved headstone, usually with no decorations or ornamentation.

The earliest known  New England stonecutters were George Griswold and his uncle Matthew, who settled in Windsor, Connecticut around 1640.  Matthew carved the oldest known grave marker in the New World, a table monument made of Windsor brownstone for the Rev. Ephriam Huit dated 1644 which stands in the Palisado Cemetery in Windsor today.  Both Matthew and George Griswold would continue carving both walled tomb style markers, and normal headstones until the end of the 17th century. When inscriptions began to be used, they are at first brief, factual and typically carved with "interruptive punctuation", that is an interpunct (raised period), between each word. Full names, kinship, age at death and the year of death are given, while the dating of placement of the stone itself is also present; typically they were commissioned and erected within a year of the burial.

The headstones were increasingly elaborate the mid-17th century, and  characterized by stonework imagery describing the nature and frequency of death in dark, bleak and often bitter imagery. In 1980, the historian Peter Benes described the imagery in a Plymouth County graveyard as containing "menacing stares, impish smiles, and enigmatic facial contortions combine with totally abstract effigies to stop the modern viewer in his tracks, while revealing little of their significance".

The Plain Style is characterized by smaller headstone markers with unornamented, and bluntly factual inscriptions. It begins in the very early Colonial period, and lasts until roughly the first decade of the Eighteenth century. In most scholarly overviews, the amateurish carvings are attributed to a lack of tools and know-how on the part of the very early practitioners, who did have access to more experienced stonemasons. This explains in part why it remained in some areas later than others; with craftsmen in some areas developing their skills quicker than in others. A further reason may be that the early puritans, due to their feelings on humility and lack of regard for adornments, deliberately kept their headstones simple and minimalist. Hijiya goes on to say that the lack of decoration may have reflected that they viewed death as simply as an "ordinary, unremarkable aspect of the human condition", absent from any notion of either oblivion or passing on to ethereal life.

Death's head

The death's head is the earliest and most frequently occurring motif in colonial era American headstones. The head usually is winged, and accompanied by imagery such as hourglasses, bones and coffins. Though seemingly frightening to modern viewers, the image of a skull was then less about inspiring dread in the viewer, and more about acknowledging a normal, everyday fact of human life. In their belief system, death was when the flesh passed away to make way for renewal in the afterlife. The skulls reflect puritan funeral rituals in total, including their approach to elegies, funerals rites and sermons. Commonly, the horses carrying the remains of the deceased to the graveyard were draped with robes containing painted coffins and death's heads. Burial usually took place three to eight days after death, with the headstone erected up to eight months later.

Before the English colonies were fully established and had fully functioning ecomomies, burial rituals were expensive; a relatively elaborate funeral in Boston in the 1720s would have cost around £100. The headstones were a relatively small part of the overall expense; in the 1720s headstones ranged from £2 to over £40.

By the mid-18th century, the death's head image had become less stern and menacing. The figure was often crowned, the lower jaw eliminated, and serrations of teeth appeared on the upper row. Particularly, the eyes become more animated, sometimes almond shaped and with pupils, gibing it a more soul than deathlike appearance.  Death's head designs started becoming less common by the 1780s and died out around 1805.

Extra imagery such as foliage, grapes and vines, and hearts suggest new life through sacraments and resurrection. This transition cannot be clearly, or easily, seen through the gravestones. The changes are very minute and gradual leaving some stones with a disturbing image in between an empty skull and a lively soul.  Other motifs from this era include imps of death depicted as small evil demons bearing the arrows of death. They are particularly associated with the Charlestown grave carver Joseph Lamson, who carved imps either pallbearing or adorned with imagery of death and decay such as scythes and hourglasses.

Cherubs

Continuing the evolution of winged death heads, cherubs (or "soul effigies") are skull shaped effigies with distinctly human faces, that are intended to  represent the soul of the deceased. Some are placed in an enclosing motif, such as a solar symbol or a tree. Others retain the angels wings commonly seen in the death head.

The use of cherubs became commonplace in the Boston area in the mid-18th century. They are more commonly found in southern rather than northern parts of New England, especially in Rhode Island and Connecticut, where from the beginning of the 18th century the majority of headstone designs were of Cherub or Winged Soul effigies. Some of these cherubs have individualized faces that may contain elements of portraiture. In Eastern Massachusetts, those on male graves tend to have hair shown with a downwards curl, while those marking female graves show an upwards curl.

The Boston cherubs mostly dates from the mid 18th century to around 1810, and have a direct lineage to earlier funerary art, often showing a living human arched by wings.  The John Stevens Shop of Newport began using Cherub effigies as early as 1705, and carvers in the Merrimack Valley region were using soul/cherub designs starting in the 1680s.  One such carver, John Hartshorne of Rowley, Massachusetts began carving graves around 1680 in the region, until around 1710 when he moved to Franklin, Connecticut and continued carving until his death in 1737, thus introducing the cherub design to the region.  Soon carvers such as Obadiah Wheeler of Lebanon and Benjamin Collins of Columbia began adopting soul effigies and other designs inspired by Hartshorne's work. This is just one example of how regional designs spread among carvers during the colonial era.

Urn and Willow

The rise of secularism during the Federalist Era, roughly lasting from 1790 to 1820, saw the prominence of urn and willow in New England headstones. During this period, the imagery turned more away from English influences in favor of Neoclassicism and Greek Revival style. So began the decline in Puritan influence. During the first two decades of the 19th century, elaborate borders on headstones were rapidly replaced by simple lines and sometimes abstract designs. Often borders resembling pillars were used, further exemplifying the neoclassical influence during this time.  Along with Urns and Willows, sometimes designs featuring sunsets were used instead, particularly by Rhode Island stonecutters.

Monumentalism
By the early 19th century, as social classes emerged and became more important, graveyards lost their earlier egalitarian uniformity and simplicity; up until that point all headstones were of similar size and plots were grouped together. Plots in certain areas of existing graveyards became more expensive as a marked difference emerged between cemeteries in well off as compared to less affluent areas. The graveyards of the former tended towards grandiosity and monumentalism, while the latter are characterized by crowded rows of simple headstones. The change was especially seen from the 1840s, when a trend towards integrating nature and landscape emerged, leading to the use of obelisks, columns, and statues, while the use of slate, brownstone and schist was largely phased out in favor of marble, In addition, disease and odor concerns in urbanized areas pushed graveyards toward the outskirts of towns and cities, no longer an integral part of the central landscape. It is at this point that the Puritan traditions in funerary art end.

The historian Karen Wenhworth Batignani describes New England headstones from 1900 as "far less interesting than their predecessors. Polished granite blocks that offer names and dates but few clues as to who the deceased were." She, like other historians, attribute this as a culture of denial of death, in which large sums of money are spent on "steel lined, gorgeously cushioned caskets [and] air conditioned tombs".

Inscriptions

Epitaphs
Epitaphs become common from the later 17th century. From these, it becomes possible to tell something of the attitudes and outlook of both the masons and the deceased. They often take the format of memento moris:

These early examples reflect the pessimistic puritan outlook of the time, in that they do not mention an afterlife or the resurrection of the dead, and thie text often include imagery of worms, decay and dust. It is only on the much later cherub stones that more personalized goodbyes to loved ones, or mention of an afterlife, begin to appear:

Study
Serious academic study of early puritan funerary art is a relatively new field. The historian and photographer Harriette Forbes, working with the historian Ernest Caulfield in Massachusetts during the 1920s, was the first to study the subject. They amassed the first significant library of photographs and an expansive catalog of 16th century graves. Her book Gravestones of Early New England and the Men Who Made Them, 1653-1800 classified and interpret the artifacts in the context of the dominant religious and cultural influences of their times. The influential puritan minister, author, and pamphleteer Cotton Mather observed in 1693 how "the stones in this wilderness are already grown so witty as to speak".

Modern scholars take a more circumspect view, in that most of the early carvers were often amateurs, and although they had basic understandings of iconography, their style and language evolved in a setting cut off from European trends, or a coherent, internal, written discourse. The historian Richard Meyer largely agrees with Mather's claim, and notes how the path of study of these early graveyards understood that such artifacts, "through a variety of complex and often interrelated manifestations, establish patterns of communication (and even dynamic interaction) with those who use or view them".

The next major publication was Allen Ludwig's 1966 book Graven Images: New England Stone Carving and its Symbols, 1650-1815, although it tended to focus on describing specific examples, rather than present broad overviews or analysis.

Reflecting the number of surviving examples, in 2006, the art historian James Blachowicz produced a catalog of 8000 stones and 713 individual burial grounds. He lists some 1300 stones that are signed or have been documented, and made a significant contribution to the methodology used to attribute headstones to individual carvers. In particular he identified 60 sets of typefaces, provided a detailed overview of how styles of representing letters, numbers and symbols could be used to group headstones by their carvers.

Footnotes

References

Citations

Sources

 Benes, Peter; Montague Benes; Jane. Puritan Gravestone Art II. Boston, MA: Boston University, 1978
 Dethlefsen, Edwin; Deetz, James. "Death's Heads, Cherubs, and Willow Trees: Experimental Archaeology in Colonial Cemeteries", American Antiquity, 1966. pp. 502–510
 Eriquez, Christina. Our History In Stone: The New England Cemetery Dictionary. lulu, 2010.
 Garvan, Anthony. "The New England Plain Style". Comparative Studies in Society and History, volume 3, no. 1, 1960.
 Gilson, William. "Stone Faces". New England Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009/2010.
 Greene, Meg. Rest in Peace: A History of American Cemeteries . CT: Twenty-First Century Books, 2007.
 Hijiya, James. "American Gravestones and Attitudes Toward Death: A Brief History". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 127, No. 5 (Oct. 14, 1983).
 Ludwig, Allen. Graven Images: New England Stone Carving and its Symbols, 1650-1815. CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2000.
 Merrifield Forbes, Harriette . Gravestones of Early New England and the Men Who Made Them, 1653-1800. Pyne Press, 1973.
 Meyer, Richard. Cemeteries and Gravemarkers: Voices of American Culture. MI: Umi Research Press, 1989.
 Neal, Avon. "Graven Images: Sermons in Stones". Americal Heritage, Volume XXI, no. 5, August 1970
 Prioli, Carmine. "Review: Early New England Gravestone Scholarship". Early American Literature, Volume 14, no. 3, Winter, 1979/1980
 Roark, Elisabeth. Artists of Colonial America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.
 Seeman, Erik. Speaking with the Dead in Early America. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.
 Shapleigh-Brown, Ruth. "The Cemeteries of Hebron, Connecticut: Their Historic Monuments, Stone Carvers and Care". The Hebron Historic Properties Commission & The Hebron Historical Society, October 27, 2013
 Tashjian, Dickran; Tashjian, Ann. Memorials for Children of Change: The Art of Early New England Gravestone Carving. Wesleyan, 1974.
 Yal-om, Marilyn. The American Resting Place: 400 Years of History Through Our Cemeteries and Burial Grounds. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008.
 Wenhworth Batignani, Karen. Maine's Coastal Cemeteries. Lanham MD: Down East Books, 2003.
 Wood, Mary Catherine. "Book Review: James Blachowicz. From Slate to Marble: Gravestone Carving Traditions in Eastern Massachusetts, 1770–1870". Winterthur Portfolio 42, no. 4, Winter 2008

External links
 Iconography of Gravestones at Burying Grounds, Boston City Hall
 New England Gravestone Imagery 1650-1815, 1957-1959, 1963, National Museum of American History, via the Smithsonian

American sculpture
Cemetery art
Funerary art
New England Puritanism
Outdoor sculptures in the United States
Skulls in art


title: Pentax Q-S1

text:
The Pentax Q-S1 is a compact digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera announced by Ricoh under the Pentax brand on August 4, 2014. It replaces the Pentax Q7, and is part of Pentax' Q system, the most compact digital interchangeable lens camera system as of September 2014, with crop factors ranging from 4.6 (Q7, Q-S1) to 5.6 (Q, Q10).

The Q-S1 has in-body image stabilization as well as a built in flash. It is available in a variety of color combinations. In video mode it can auto focus while shooting with the 01, 02 and 08 lenses.

Discontinued as of January, 2020.

See also
 List of Pentax products
 List of smallest mirrorless cameras

References
http://www.dpreview.com/products/pentax/slrs/pentax_qs1/specifications

Q-S1
Cameras introduced in 2014


title: Howard F. Stone

text:
Howard Francis Stone (born May 25, 1931) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College from August 24, 1981 to June 25, 1982. He later served as Chief of Staff of the United States European Command. Stone received a B.S. degree from the United States Military Academy in 1955 and later earned an M.A. degree in public administration from the University of Oklahoma.

References

1931 births
Living people
People from Monett, Missouri
United States Military Academy alumni
American Senior Army Aviators
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Silver Star
University of Oklahoma alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals


title: Chiyoda armored car

text:
The Chiyoda armoured car was the first domestic Japanese armoured car which was officially introduced by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and produced in the 1930s.

History and development
Design started in 1930 at the Chiyoda Motor Car Factory of Tokyo Gasu Denki K. K. (Tokyo Gas and Electric Industries, today Hino Motors Ltd.) based on their Type Q 6-wheeled truck under the development designation "Type QSW". It had a 4 cylinder petrol engine that produced 75 power hp and a weight ratio of 13.4 hp/t.

The armour scheme and wheel arrangement was similar to the Wolseley armoured car, which had been used by the army. The four spoke wheels of the Wolseleys were replaced by six disk wheels with solid rubber tires. The turret had a cylindrical base with a sloped (in the driving direction) right upper part. A machine gun mount was placed in this sloped section for air defense. Another MG mount was placed in the front of the turret and a third in the left bow. In addition three gun–visor ports were positioned on each side of the fighting compartment. It had a crew of five, consisting of a driver, three gunners and a commander. Armament consisted of three Type 11 6.5 mm machine guns.

It entered service in 1931 and the vehicle was officially adopted as the "Chiyoda armoured car". In western literature the vehicle is often designated incorrectly as "Aikoku Armoured Car", which is a misinterpretation of the writings on a vehicle used during the 1932 Shanghai Incident. This writing refers to "Aikoku -Koto" = "Public Party of Patriots", a nationalistic and militaristic political party, which donated money and military material to IJA (as Hokoku did for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN)). It has also been referred to as the Type 92 "Chiysda", which is only a misspelling. The version used by the IJN was known as the Type 2592 and had an inline six-cylinder engine producing 85 hp. They were used during several early and mid-1930s operations in northern China for infantry support and security duties in captured regions. A total of 200 Chiyoda armoured cars were produced.

Gallery

Notes

References
Taki's Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa

Armoured cars of Japan
Armoured cars of the interwar period
Isuzu
Toyota Group
Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s


title: The Passions (American band)

text:
The Passions are an American doo-wop group from Bensonhurst, Brooklyn.

The quintet recorded a few demos in 1958, at which time Tony, Albee and Vinny began looking for replacements who were more career-minded. Another group in Bensonhurst had what they needed; when the three Sinceres heard Runarounds lead singer Jimmy Gallagher, they knew he was the one for them (Jimmy’s previous group, the Palladiyms, included Joe DiBenedetto, who later formed The Four-evers). The Sinceres weren’t sure how to approach Jimmy, so they followed him home one night and knocked on his door. After convincing his mother that they only wanted to sing with her son, not mug him, the foursome went to a nearby park and ended up harmonizing for hours. They were now a quartet, with Jimmy on lead, Tony on first tenor, Albee on second tenor, and Vinnie on baritone.

In 1959, while the Mystics were recording "Hushabye" at their first session, their friend Tony Armato was there cheering them on promoting his own group to their manager, Jim Gribble. Gribble soon signed the Sinceres and renamed them the Passions. He gave them a demo by a duo of studio singers who called themselves the Cousins. The song was "Just to Be with You" written by Mary Kalfin. The Cousins were Paul Simon and Carole King.

By the time the group recorded "Gloria", Vinny had left and been replaced by Gallagher’s friend Lou Rotondo. Also in 1960 Lou Rotondo and Albie Galione, along with Albie Contrera of the Mystics, sang behind Clay Cole on "Here, There, Everywhere" (Roulette), single that became popular in the New York area. Audicon Records lost the group’s next release, the harmony rocker "Made for Lovers." The group recorded a few more sides for Audicon which were leased to Jubilee and Octavia. Released in August 1959 on Sol Winkler’s Audicon label, the Passions’ impeccable harmonies and Gallagher’s impassioned lead put "Just to Be with You" on radios across America. It was a top 20 hit in many eastern cities and it charted nationally, rising to number 69. The follow-up out of Audicon’s 1674 Broadway digs was twice as good. Both sides—the harmony-filled "I Only Want You" and the beautiful Billy Dawn Smith ballad "This Is My Love" –vied for radio play and sales throughout the states.

They were managed by Jim Gribble, who managed several doo-wop groups including the Mystics and The Jarmels, and worked with producer songwriter Stan Vincent.

In the late 1990s, they reunited with the Mystics and the Classics for the Brooklyn Reunion Show. Lead singer Jimmy Gallagher left the Passions in 1960 to join the Navy, but later sang with The Legends of Doo Wop in 1998.

Original members
Jimmy Gallagher (Lead)
Albie Gallone (Second Tenor)
Vinnie Acierno (Baritone)
Tony Armato (First Tenor)
Lou Rotondo (Baritone / Lead - replaced Vinnie Acierno in 1960)

Discography
1958 - "Tango Of Love" / "Nervous About Love" (Dore 505)
1959 - "Just To Be With You" / "Oh Melancholy Me" (Audicon 102)
1960 - "I Only Want You" / "This Is My Love" (Audicon 105)
1960 - "Gloria" / "Jungle Drums" (Audicon 106)
1960 - "Beautiful Dreamer" / "One Look At You Is All It Look" (Audicon 108)
1960 - "Made For Lovers" / "You Don't Love Me Anymore" (Audicon 112)
1961 - "I Gotta Know" / "Aphrodite" (Octavia 8005)
1962 - "Lonely Road" / "One Look At You Is All It Look" (Jubilee 5406)
1963 - "The Bully" / "Empty Seat" (ABC 10436)
1963 - "Sixteen Candles" / "The Third Floor" (instrumental) (Diamond 146)

References

Musical groups from Brooklyn
Doo-wop groups


title: Ian Dunn (rugby union)

text:
Ian Thomas Wayne Dunn (born 11 June 1960) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A first five-eighth, Dunn represented North Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1983 and 1984. He played 13 matches for the All Blacks including three internationals.

References

1960 births
Living people
People from Te Kōpuru
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Northland rugby union players
Māori All Blacks players
Rugby union fly-halves
People educated at Dargaville High School
Rugby union players from the Northland Region


title: Anne Brunet

text:
Anne Brunet (born on November 8) is the Michele and Timothy Barakett Endowed Professor and the co-director of the Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging at Stanford University School of Medicine. Her lab studies mechanisms of aging and longevity.

Brunet is from Bellegarde sur Valserine, France, uses red wine as an anti-aging strategy, and plays piano and violin.

Education
Brunet received her BS in biology, summa cum laude, in 1992 from Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. She immediately began a PhD in the lab of Jacques Pouysségur at the University of Nice, France, which she completed in 1997. Between 1998 and 2003, she did her postdoctoral work at Harvard Medical School in Michael E. Greenberg's laboratory. She has been a professor at Stanford since 2004.
She is a member of the editorial board for Genes & Development.

Research
Brunet's lab works on discovering lifespan-regulating genes and their interactions with the environment. Next, she studies how conserved 'pro-longevity genes' (e.g. FOXO transcription factors) regulate longevity in mammals, the regenerative potential of stem cells, and the nervous system. She uses mammalian tissue culture and C. elegans as model systems to study longevity pathways, dietary restriction, and epigenetic (chromatin-state) regulation of longevity by the environment. In addition, she is developing the extremely short-lived African killifish N. furzeri as a new vertebrate model for aging.

The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative awarded a $525,000 research grant to Brunet, along with colleagues Ami Bhatt and K. Christopher Garcia, for their project "Analyzing how inflammation affects the aging brain."

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Women geneticists
Côte d'Azur University alumni
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French geneticists
People from Ain
Stanford University School of Medicine faculty


title: Richard G. Graves

text:
Richard Gordon Graves (born October 30, 1933) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was Commander of III Corps and Fort Hood. He is a 1958 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy.

Biography
Lieutenant General (Ret.) Richard G. Graves was born in Tangier, Indiana on 30 October 1933. He was commissioned in Armor and awarded a Bachelor of Science Degree from the United States Military Academy in 1958. He also holds a Master of Arts Degree in Political Science from Indiana University. His military education includes completion of the Armor Officer Basic Course, the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the Army War College.
General Graves last served as Commander of III Corps at Fort Hood, Texas. Prior to serving as Commander of III Corps, he served as the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, Washington, D.C. He also has served as the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations with the United States Army Forces Command, Fort McPherson, Georgia. General Graves has served in Europe as Commander, 3d Armored Division (Spearhead); Commander 3d Brigade, 8th Infantry Division (Mechanized); Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, V Corps; Chief of the War Plans Division, ODCSOPS, USAREURl and as a Brigade Executive Officer in the 1st Armored Division. General Graves had two tours of duty in Vietnam, first as an advisor with the Military Assistance Command and later as an Infantry Brigade Executive Officer and Squadron Commander of the 1st Squadron, 1st U.S. Cavalry. He served at Fort Hood from 1979 to 1983 as Chief of Staff of the 2nd Armored Division and III Corps and Fort Hood, and Assistant Division Commander, 1st Cavalry Division.
General Graves' decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster), the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Cluster), the Distinguished Flying Cross (with Oak Leaf Cluster), the Bronze Star with V device (with two Oak Leaf Clusters), the Meritorious Service Medal, several Air Medals and the Army Commendation Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster). He has also earned the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Army Parachutist Badge, and the Ranger Tab.
General Graves retired from the Active Army on 1 August 1991. On 1 January 1992, he accepted employment with General Dynamics Corporation as a Division Vice-President in Land Systems Division. After serving four years in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and two years at Corporate Headquarters in Falls Church, Virginia, General Graves took a second retirement on 31 December 1998 from General Dynamics Corporation.
General Graves is married to the former Beverly (Bev) Fewell. They have three children: William, Thomas and Myra Wright, and seven grandchildren.

References

1933 births
United States Army generals
Living people
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star


title: Eddie Dunn (rugby union)

text:
Edward James Dunn (born 19 January 1955) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A first five-eighth, Dunn represented North Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, between 1978 and 1981. He played 20 matches for the All Blacks including two official internationals.

References

1955 births
Living people
People from Te Kōpuru
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Northland rugby union players
Māori All Blacks players
Rugby union fly-halves
People educated at Dargaville High School
Rugby union players from the Northland Region


title: Tran Organization

text:
The Tran Organization was a criminal gang of casino cheats in the 2000s.  The group targeted at least 28 casinos across the United States and one in Canada.  The casinos lost around $7,000,000 to the organization.  , 47 people were indicted, of which 42 had already pleaded guilty in relation to the conspiracy.

History

Gambling scheme
The criminal enterprise started around August 2002 in San Diego, California, and included Van Thu Tran, her husband Phuong Quoc "Pai Gao John" Truong, and Tai Khiem Tran.  Many other members of the Tran family were also involved in the organization.

The organizers had themselves been card dealers.  The organizers bribed card dealers and casino supervisors to do false shuffles to create "slugs" of cards with already-seen sequences.  The system worked especially well with mini-baccarat, in which players are allowed to track cards openly.  They later expanded to blackjack, in which the betting limits are higher but card counting is forbidden at most casinos; the group hid wireless microphones and earpieces on themselves to communicate with conspirators using computer programs to predict which cards would re-appear.

Casinos often did not realize they were being cheated until after the gang had already left town.  Some casinos, suspecting they were being cheated in an unknown way, called on government authorities.

Investigation and arrests
The FBI opened a case file in 2004. After Phuong Truong started shortchanging the colluding dealers out of their portion of the illegal money, some dealers became informants for the FBI. In June 2006, Mississippi Gaming Commission agents posed as corrupt dealers and secretly videotaped a meeting with Truong, in which he bragged openly about the scheme and its success.

The conspirators were rounded up in 2007.  By 2007, Truong and 46 confederates were indicted for racketeering, theft and money laundering. Truong pleaded guilty and received 70 months (5 years and 10 months) in prison.

Tai Khiem Tran pleaded guilty to conspiracy and racketeering in 2009, but Van Thu Tran pleaded not guilty to those charges. Van Thu Tran instead pleaded guilty in January 2011, and was ordered to pay $5.7 million in restitution payable to several casinos. On September 28, 2012, Van Thu Tran was sentenced in San Diego to 36 months in prison for her role in the scheme, with three years of supervised release. At that point, 42 defendants had pleaded guilty to charges relating to the cheating conspiracy, admitting overall to targeting a combined total of 29 US and Canada casinos.

References

External links
  — surveillance video of Phuong Truong meeting on June 8, 2006

2000s crimes in Canada
Cheating in gambling
Conspiracy (criminal)
Gamblers
Vietnamese gangs
Asian-American gangs
Gangs in San Diego
2000s crimes in the United States


title: Shoe hanger

text:
A shoe hanger, also called a shoe display hanger, is commonly used to hang and display footwear in retail stores for the purpose of space efficient storage and to present footwear to customers. Shoe hangers have secondary functions of providing support for footwear and for displaying key information, such as style and shoe size. Shoe hangers come in a variety of styles for different display purposes and footwear types. The most common styles are wing, hook, and clip designs, which are made from plastic.

Designs
Wing shoe hangers have an elongated base that terminates at the upper end with a hook. Usually a flat disc appears just below the hook where information about the footwear is displayed. The bottom end of the base terminates into a U-shape. Each arm of the U acts as an element where a shoe can be fitted. These arms often extend and loop back down on each other to create a wing, which offers more support for the shoe. In U-shaped and wing designs, each shoe of the pair is hung adjacent to each other. This design is most commonly used for flat soled footwear such as trainers, sandals, slippers, and pumps.

Hook shoe hangers are more basic in their design and resemble small clothes hangers. The arms are far shorter and have a hook at their end. This design is commonly used to hang flip-flops or sandals.

Clip shoe hangers are used to hand and display boots. The base is short and terminates at the upper end with a hook. Directly below the hook is a flat disc that acts as a display for information and also as a grip to open the spring clip. The clip displays boots side on as opposed to other shoe hanger designs that display footwear front on.

History
One of the earliest patented shoe hangers was used for the purpose of hanging shoes in public service areas such as school, where it was important to be able to store shoes in an organised manner. It was also important to prominently display shoes so that the wearer would have easy access to them. Like modern shoe hangers in retail stores, its secondary function was to support shoes. The main difference between this design and modern shoe hangers was that the soles of the shoes would lie flat against the wall. This early shoe hanger, which was made from wire, was patented in 1926 by Jesse S. Harding.

As retail space became increasingly expensive it became necessary to display shoes and other clothing items in a more space efficient way. The first modern shoe hanger was filed by the Japanese Tsuneji Matsubara in 1970 and consisted of a base with an element for placing a pair of shoes adjacent to each other. Various improvements were made over the next few decades to accommodate the storage and display of different types of shoes, as seen in the wing, hook, and clip designs.

See also
 Clothes hanger
 Shoe rack

References

Shoes
Domestic implements


title: Macon, Nebraska

text:
Macon is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Nebraska, United States. Macon is located at .

History
A post office was established at Macon in 1873, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1955. It was named after Macon, Georgia, the native home of a pioneer settler.

References

Populated places in Franklin County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Protein M

text:
Protein M (locus MG281) is an immunoglobulin-binding protein originally found on the cell surface of the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. It is presumably a universal antibody-binding protein, as it is known to be reactive against all antibody types tested so far. It is capable of preventing the antigen-antibody interaction due to its high binding affinity to any antibody. The Scripps Research Institute announced its discovery in 2014. It was detected from the bacterium while investigating its role in patients with a cancer, multiple myeloma.

Homologous proteins are found in other Mycoplasma bacteria. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, another human pathogen, has a homolog termed IbpM (locus MPN400).

Discovery

Mycoplasma genitalium was discovered in 1980 from two male patients with non-gonococcal urethritis at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London. After two years, in 1983, it was identified as a new species. After several years of intense research, it was found to be the cause of sexually transmitted diseases, such as urethritis (inflammation of the urinary tract) both in men and women, and also cervicitis (inflammation of cervix) and pelvic inflammation in women. However, the molecular nature of its pathogenicity remained unknown for three decades.

On 6 February 2014, The Scripps Research Institute announced the discovery of a novel protein, which they named Protein M, from the M. genitalium cell membrane. Scientists identified the protein during investigations on the origin of multiple myeloma, a type of B-cell carcinoma. To understand the long-term M. genitalium infection, Rajesh Grover, a senior staff scientist in the Lerner laboratory, tested antibodies from the blood samples of patients with multiple myeloma against different Mycoplasma species. He found that M. genitalium was particularly responsive to all types of antibodies he tested from 20 patients. The antibody reactivity was found to be due to an undiscovered protein that is chemically responsive to all types of human and non-human antibodies available. When they isolated and analysed the protein, they discovered that it was unique both in structure and biological functions. Its structure has no resemblance to any known protein listed in the Protein Data Bank.

Structure and properties

Protein M is about 50 kDa in size, and composed of 556 amino acids. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that the antibody reactions could be an immune response to mass infection with the bacterium, they found that Protein M evolved simply to bind to any antibody it encounters, with specifically high affinity. By this property the bacterium can effectively evade the immune system of the host. This makes the protein an ideal target for developing new drugs. Rajesh Grover estimated that the protein can bind to an average of 100,000,000 different kinds of antibodies circulating in human blood.

Unlike functionally similar proteins such as Protein A, Protein G, and Protein L, which all contain small, multiple immunoglobulin domains, Protein M has a large domain of 360 amino acid residues that binds primarily to the variable light chain of the immunoglobulin, as well as a binding site called LRR-like motif. In addition, Protein M has a C-terminal domain with 115 amino acid residues that probably protrudes over the antibody binding site. It binds to an antibody at either κ or λ light chains using hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, from backbone atoms and conserved side chains, and some conserved van der Waals interactions with other nonconserved interactions.

References

Bacterial proteins
Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
Immune system


title: La De Da (music festival)

text:
La De Da was an annual music festival held at Daisybank Farm, in Martinborough, New Zealand with approximately 10,000 attendees.

The festival was opened on 30 December 2010 at Alana Estate Vineyard and in 2011 was shifted to Daisybank Farm.

The final festival was held in 2013, due to substantial debts from a previous organiser of the festival. In 2014 a proposal was made to move the festival to Wellington City, but the Wellington City Council declined to support the move.

Line-ups

2010
Six60, Kora, Katchafire, Hollie Smith, Salmonella Dub, Mt Eden Dubstep, 1814, Thomas Oliver Band

2011
Fat Freddy's Drop, Donavon Frankenreiter, Katchafire, Sola Rosa, Iva Lamkum, Six60, Kora, SKisM, Dodge & Fuski, Eddie K, State of Mind, Concord Dawn, The Upbeats Giza

2012
Shapeshifter, De La Soul, Andy C, David Dallas, Ladi 6, Concord Dawn, Dub FX, Delta Heavy

2013
A$AP Rocky, Flume, Jack Beats, What So Not, Ladi6, Bombs Away, Dead Prez, DJ Yoda, Upiuo, Peking Duk, Loadstar, Nu:Logic, Spy, Spectrasoul, House of Shem, Sons of Zion, Five Mile Town

References

Music festivals in New Zealand
Martinborough


title: Macon Township, Franklin County, Nebraska

text:
Macon Township is a township in Franklin County, Nebraska, in the United States.

History
Macon was named by an early settler for his former hometown of Macon, Georgia.

References

Townships in Franklin County, Nebraska


title: Re-Kan!

text:
is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Hinako Seta, serialized in Houbunsha's Manga Time Jumbo magazine. Re-Kan! was first published as a one-shot in Manga Time Jumbo December 2009 issue, and it later began serialization with the February 2010 issue. It has been collected into twelve tankōbon volumes. A 13-episode anime television series adaptation by Pierrot+ aired in Japan between April and June 2015.

Overview
High school girl Hibiki Amami has a sixth sense of perceiving and interacting with ghosts and supernatural beings, as well as talking with cats and other animals, but none of her peers share that ability. After transferring to Hanazuka Prefectural High School, she becomes friends with some classmates who put up with her antics, including class representative Narumi Inoue, who despises anything related to the occult. The story follows their everyday antics.

Characters

Humans

 (anime), Aya Endō (drama CD)
A beautiful high school student who has the ability to sense and to interact with supernatural beings such as ghosts and spirits, passed down from her late mother. She is very polite and always treats both humans and ghosts alike with respect.

 (anime), Haruka Tomatsu (drama CD)
Hibiki's classmate who becomes friends with her, despite being generally terrified of the ghosts surrounding her. She is usually not too honest with her feelings and is considered a "granny's girl", often being haunted by the spirit of her late grandmother.

 (anime), Kana Hanazawa (drama CD)
Hibiki's classmate who is childhood friends with Kyōko. Her hobby is taking pictures of ghosts, which become visible when viewed through a cellphone camera, and uploading them to her top-ranked supernatural blog.

 (anime), Eri Kitamura (drama CD)
Hibiki's classmate who is childhood friends with Kana. She has a rough personality, usually being the first to attack Kenta when he acts stupid, but is compassionate and helps those in trouble. She is a former delinquent, with the nickname , almost always getting angry when someone brings it up.

 (anime), Ayana Taketatsu (drama CD)
Hibiki's classmate. A bright and cheerful airhead who has an obsession with creepily made zombie dolls, of which her friends are often fearful.

 (anime), Yusuke Shirai (drama CD)
Hibiki's classmate, and the sole male in her group of friends. Often considered a doofus among his friends, his overly cheerful attitude and sometimes dimwitted remarks often get him clobbered by Kyōko.

 (anime), Shin-ichiro Miki (drama CD)
Hibiki's father. Similar to Narumi, he doesn't like ghosts, and the relationship with his wife and her supernatural ability made his hair turn prematurely white over a short duration of time.

 (anime), Sumire Uesaka (drama CD)
Narumi's younger cousin, whose father died.

Kenta's older brother who works as a police officer. He has a crush on Kyōko, whom he had previously encountered during her delinquent days.

Ghosts

 (anime), Kenyu Horiuchi (drama CD)
The ghost of a samurai who died of starvation. After Amami gave him food, he started to protect her and do anything for her in any way he can, such as answering to her teacher for roll call when Hibiki falls asleep in class.

 (anime)
A spirit who haunts one of the stalls in the school's girls' restroom.

 (anime), Norio Wakamoto (drama CD)
A cute but lecherous cat that constantly tries to take peeks at girls' panties, though is often thwarted by the ghosts protecting Hibiki.

 (anime)
A ghost with long grey hair who haunts others, usually Kana, through phone calls.

 (anime), Aimi Terakawa (drama CD)
 A kogal ghost girl who initially possesses Hibiki in order to make peace with her mother, but chooses to stick around. She appears to have a rivalry with the Roll Call Samurai.

 /
 (anime)
 A ghost girl in a sailor uniform who carries a red umbrella, which she offers to those who need shelter from the rain. She has no neck in the manga and no face in the anime.

 (anime), Nobuo Tobita (drama CD)
A jibakurei that protects the local park, bound to the sign at the entrance. His figure is never seen.

 (anime), Kyōko Hikami (drama CD)
Hibiki's late mother, who died when Hibiki was born. While alive, her sixth sense was said to be much stronger than her daughter's, and she occasionally made prophecies with her ability. She currently resides within Hibiki's memories, looking after a trellis of flowers giving Hibiki her sixth sense.

The spirit of Inoue's grandmother who is constantly watching over her.

Media

Manga
The original manga by Hinako Seta was first published in Houbunsha's Manga Time Jumbo magazine in the December 2009 issue, and went into serialization from February 2010. An anthology comic was released on May 7, 2015. It moved to Manga Time for the May issue on April 7, 2018 when Jumbo was discontinued. Twelve tankōbon volumes have been released as of September 7, 2021.

Anime
A 13-episode anime television series adaptation by Pierrot+ aired in Japan between April 3, 2015 and June 26, 2015 and was simulcast by Crunchyroll. The opening and ending themes respectively are  and , both performed by every♥ing! (Ibuki Kido and Erii Yamazaki). Sentai Filmworks has licensed the anime for digital and home video release in North America.

Episode list

Reception
Anime News Network (ANN) had three editors review the first episode of the anime: Theron Martin gave praise to the humor being mostly delivered by both Inoue and Amami, and the upbeat, sugary charm used throughout the episode; Rebecca Silverman found the episode confused with either being a comedic or slice-of-life supernatural show and preferred that it stick with the latter subgenre with its human moments and work out its comedy elements. The third reviewer, Jacob Hope Chapman, heavily criticized the show's cheap production for its workmanlike animation clashing with the shoddy CG backgrounds and felt the humor was undone by poor direction and writing. He concluded that there's similar anime with better writing and aesthetics compared to this, saying that, "There's just not anything unique or intriguing about this one." Fellow ANN editor Paul Jensen reviewed the complete anime series in 2016. He commended the spiritual humor, the different interactions both Narumi and Hibiki have with the ghosts, and the moments of sweetness and melancholia throughout the various episodic storylines but was critical of the series overall not pushing forward its brand of comedy and drama beyond mildly entertaining and lacked the "sense of wonder or magic" humans have when interacting with spirits in their world compared to similar otherworldly series like Mushi-Shi and Flying Witch, concluding that "On the whole Re-Kan! is an enjoyable show that's worth a look if you've got a taste for lighthearted comedy or the slice of life genre in general."

Notes

References

External links
 Anime official website

Anime series based on manga
Comedy anime and manga
Houbunsha manga
Sentai Filmworks
Studio Signpost
Seinen manga
Yonkoma


title: A Sense of Freedom (album)

text:
A Sense of Freedom is the twelfth album by Irish folk and rebel band The Wolfe Tones.

Track listing
 Merman
 Sgt. William Bailey
 Farewell to Dublin
 Admiral William Brown
 Catalpa
 Irish Eyes
 Flower of Scotland
 Michael Collins
 Slainte Dana no Baird/Cailin O Chois tSiuire Me/Planxty McGuire
 Galtee Mountain Boy
 The Piper that Played Before Moses
 Let the People Sing
 Joe McDonnell

The Wolfe Tones albums
1983 albums


title: Bohdan Sichkaruk

text:
Bohdan Sichkaruk (; born 1 August 1994) is a professional Ukrainian football striker who plays for FC Chaika Kyiv-Sviatoshyn Raion.

Born in Tetiiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, Sichkaruk is a product of Kyiv Oblast youth sportive school system. He was renewed after the long injury and signed a contract with FC Vorskla. Made his debut for FC Vorskla in game against FC Hoverla Uzhhorod on 8 August 2014 in the Ukrainian Premier League. During the winter-break of the 2015–16 season Sickaruk signed with Serbian side FK Napredak Kruševac and played in the second half of the 2015–16 Serbian First League. At the end of the season, Napredak finished top, and achieved promotion to the SuperLiga, however, Sichkaruk left the club and returned to Ukraine where he joined FC Chaika Kyiv-Sviatoshyn Raion.

Honours
Napredak Kruševac
Serbian First League: 2015–16

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Ukrainian men's footballers
Ukrainian Premier League players
FC Vorskla Poltava players
FK Napredak Kruševac players
Serbian First League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia
Men's association football forwards


title: Ujung Water Palace

text:
Ujung Water Palace is a former palace in Karangasem Regency, Bali. Now, this palace also known as Ujung Park or Sukasada Park.  It is located approximately 5 kilometres from Amlapura. In the Dutch East Indies era, this place known by the name Waterpaleis. The palace has three large pools. In the middle of the pool, there is the main building named Gili Bale, connected to the edge of the pool by bridge.

History

Ujung Water Palace was built by the King of Karangasem, I Gusti Bagus Jelantik, who holds Anak Agung Agung Ketut Karangasem Anglurah. This palace is a privately owned by Karangasem Royal. It was built in 1909 on the initiative of Anak Agung Anglurah. The architect was a Dutch van Den Hentz and a Chinese Loto Ang. This development also involves the undagi (Balinese architect). This palace is actually the development from Dirah Pool which has been built in 1901 The construction was completed in 1921. In 1937, Taman Ujung Karangasem inaugurated with a marble stele inscribed with the text in Latin and Balinese script and also two languages, Malay and Balinese.  It  was destroyed almost entirely by the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963 and earthquake in 1975.

References

External links

Palaces in Bali
Tourist attractions in Bali


title: Eliab B. Dean Jr.

text:
Eliab Byram Dean, Jr., (November 7, 1819July 22, 1900) was an American businessman, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served as Superintendent of Public Property under Governor William Robert Taylor, and was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate for the 1851 and 1852 sessions, representing Dane County.  In historic documents, his name is frequently abbreviated as E. B. Dean.

Biography
Eliab Dean was born in Raynham, Bristol County, Massachusetts, in 1819.  He came to the Wisconsin Territory in the early 1840s.  In 1842, he settled at the village of Madison and started a merchant business with his brother, Nathaniel W. Dean, dealing in dry goods and other groceries.  In 1849, Nathaniel started a solo business, and Eliab started a partnership known as Dean & Ruggles with J. D. Ruggles, dealing again in groceries and general goods.

Dean also became involved in politics with the Democratic Party of Wisconsin.  He was a political ally and business partner of other prominent Madison Democrats, such as Levi Baker Vilas, Simeon Mills, and his father-in-law Jairus C. Fairchild.  He also joined the Madison masonic lodge in 1845, the first year after it was established.

In 1846, he was elected to the Madison Village Board.  Later that year, he was appointed probate judge for Dane County by Territorial Governor Henry Dodge, ultimately serving until the fall of 1848.

He was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate in 1850, representing all of Dane County for the 1851 and 1852 sessions.  During the 1852 session, he was elected President pro tempore of the Senate by his colleagues.

After his Senate term, with a Democratic President in power in Washington, Dean began to seek federal appointments.  His allies pushed for his appointment as 2nd Assistant Postmaster General in 1853, but were unsuccessful.  In 1855, however, he received an appointment as receiver of the federal land office at Superior, Wisconsin, from President Franklin Pierce.

The 1860s saw Democrats significantly diminished in Wisconsin due to the politics of the American Civil War.  During these years, Dean served several terms on the Madison City Council.  He was also a delegate from Wisconsin to the 1864 Democratic National Convention, which nominated General George B. McClellan, and the 1872 Democratic National Convention, which nominated Horace Greeley.

In 1873, William Robert Taylor was elected Governor of Wisconsin—the first Democratic Governor of the state since 1856.  His election set off an intense competition among Democrats—who had long been out of office—for some of the top state political appointments.  The office of Superintendent of Public Property was particularly desirable due to its lucrative nature.  Shortly after his inauguration, Governor Taylor selected Eliab B. Dean.  Dean only lasted six months in office, however, as he was noted as being frequently drunk.  He was asked to resign, refused, and was subsequently fired.

Though his businesses were successful and earned him substantial wealth earlier in his life, he seems to have lost most of his fortune in his later years.  Accounts of his life frequently refer to his alcoholism.  For the last year of his life, he was incapable of caring for himself, and was tended to at the home of Henry Messerschmidt. He died at Messerschmidt's home in the town of Fitchburg, Wisconsin, on July 22, 1900.

Personal life and family

Dean married Sarah Fairchild on January 9, 1848.  Sarah was the daughter of the influential state Democrat Jairus C. Fairchild, who would, soon after the marriage, become Wisconsin's first State Treasurer.  Sarah's younger brothers, Cassius and Lucius, were also prominent Democratic politicians in the 1850s and popular Union Army colonels in the American Civil War.  After the war, Lucius would run for office as a Republican, and became the 10th Governor of Wisconsin (1866–1872).  Dean and Fairchild had one daughter, Ella ("Lottie"), but the girl died in childhood.  They later divorced.

References

External links

Politicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
Wisconsin state court judges
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
1819 births
1900 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century American judges


title: Rhythm & Alps

text:
Rhythm and Alps (commonly known as R&A) is the South Island sister festival of Rhythm & Vines held in Cardrona Valley near Wānaka, New Zealand. The festival began in 2011 in Terrace Downs (Mount Hutt) and in 2013 relocated to its current venue Cardrona Valley.

Line-ups

2011
Episode 1 took place on the last two days of 2011. It featured Grandmaster Flash, Skream and Benga, Flying Lotus, Foreign Beggars, LTJ Bukem, Netsky, Dub FX, Brookes Brothers, Six60, 1814, Homebrew, Antix, Stinky Jim, A Hori Buzz, Tali Live and Acoustic, The Eastern, Dubwise & MC Silva, Soulware, Soulsystem, Ghost, Cyril Orsen, Fried Chicken SoundSystem, DJ Substance, Soul Trader, Kev Fresh, Nacoa, DJ Tido, Knuckles, Seth Hamilton, Tim Seargent, Toby Nice, Reality Chant, Confucius and Dave Boogie.

2012
Episode 2 took place on the last two days of 2012 and attracted approximately 4000 people. It featured SBTRKT, Disclosure Live, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Flume, Electric Wire Hustle, Opiuo, Spektrum, The Upbeats, Fiord, High Contrast, Camo & Krooked, Logistics (musician), S. P. Y, MC Wrec, Chali 2na, The Gaslamp Killer, DJ Yoda, A Hori Buzz, The Nudge, Die! Die! Die!, Tripswitch, Ruby Frost, Fiord, Crushington, Shes So Rad, Tali Live, Reality Chant Jah Red Lion & Mc Silva, Thank You City, Pikachunes, Dub Terminator, Tim Richards, Glass Vaults, Alphabethead Departure Lounge, Amiria Grennel, The Shocking And Stunning, Razorwyre, The Transistors, Louis Barkerhey Lady, Kev Fresh, Dj Spell, Deejay Dredford, Og, The Merchants Of Flow, Soulsystem, Dj Tido, Will Styles, Mike T, Chiccoreli, Bone Traders, Seth Hamilton, Soul Trader, St Eden, and Cure Motel.

2013
Episode 3 took place on the last two days of 2013. It featured Rudimental, Shapeshifter, Hospitality Presents: Camo & Krooked, High Contrast, Danny Byrd, Metrik and Dynamite MC, Zane Lowe, The Veils, Dj Zinc, Nathan Haines Feat. Kevin Mark Trail, David Dallas, Cairo Knife Fight, Tahuna Breaks, The Funk Hunters, P-Money, Recloose, @Peace, Truth, Freddie Cruger Aka Red Astaire, Spikey Tee, Concord Dawn, Bulletproof, Louis Baker, Mayavanya, The Nomad, Reality Chant & Mc Silva & Jah Red Lion, Steve Ward, Jamie Stevens, Thankyou City, Estére, Thanks, Ruse, Gasp, Lewis Tennant, Steezie Wonder, Sticky Fingaz, Kev Fresh, Play Djs (R.I.A & C:She), Seth Hamilton and Holly Arrowsworth.

2014
Episode 4 took place on the last two days of 2014. It featured Bastille, Shapeshifter, Zane Lowe, Chet Faker, Just Blaze, London Elektricity & MC Wrec, DC Breaks, MØ, Mr Carmack, Mad Professor, Addison Groove, The Cuban Brothers, State of Mind, Ayah Marar, Meta and the Cornerstones, Little May, Team Dynamite, Dopra, Sorceress, Kamand, Haz Beats, Longwalkshortdock, The Nomad, Kev Fresh, Uone, Timmus, Drax Project, Play DJ's, Deep Fried Dub and Ribera.

2015
Episode 5 took place on the last two days of 2015 and attracted 10,000 people. It featured Carl Cox, Sticky Fingers, Chali 2na and the House of Vibe, Opiuo Band, Ed Rush and Optical, Dub Phizix and Strategy, DJ Marky, Mala, Machinedrum, Ame, Weird Together, Electric Wire Hustle, Ahoribuzz, Reality Chant and Deadly Hunta, Kamandi, Arma Del Amor, Remi, JPS, Stickybuds, Summer Thieves, Amit, Kaiser Souzai, Out of Sorts, Thanks Murry Sweetpants and Kumara Funk DJs.

2016
Episode 6 took place on the last two days of 2016. It will feature Akil the MC, Arma del Amor, Baynk, Cut Chemist, Cut Snake, Devilskin, Dub FX, Dusky, Ekali, Gareth Thomas, Heidi, Icicle Live ft SP:MC, Isaac Chambers, Ocean Alley, Opiuo, Pacific Heights, Spikey Tee, Tokimonsta, S. P. Y, Thank You City and Young Tapz.

2017
Episode 7 took place on the last two days of 2017.

References

Electronic music festivals in New Zealand
Music festivals established in 2011
Summer events in New Zealand


title: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology

text:
Abeloff's Clinical Oncology is a medical reference work covering the field of oncology. First released in 1995 by Churchill Livingstone, it is currently published by Elsevier.

History

The first edition, titled Clinical Oncology, was published by Churchill Livingstone in 1995. In 2000, a second edition was released with an extra chapter on cancer prevention and screening. A third edition was released four years later with more updates over the previous edition.

Its founding editor, Martin Abeloff, died in 2007. The book is currently in its sixth edition.

Reception
Abeloff's Clinical Oncology has been described as a "recognized comprehensive oncology reference work", and one of the "most recognizable" oncology textbooks.

References

Medical manuals


title: JGL Racing

text:
JGL Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that last competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. The team was based in Denver, North Carolina. The team last fielded the No. 24 for Kaz Grala and No. 28 for Dylan Lupton and Tony Mrakovich.

History
Former partners James Whitener and Gregg Mixon of GIC-Mixon Motorsports announced the formation of a new team on January 20, 2014 with James Whitener as the owner and Gregg Mixon as the General Manager. Veteran driver Carl Long served as the team's competition director, with the team operating out of a Statesville race shop. . During its opening season in 2014, JGL Racing used second-hand Dodge Challengers (Dodge left the sport after 2012) purchased from Team Penske and engines also leased from PENSKE, as other teams have done in the Xfinity Series such as Vision Racing. Because of this, the schemes of the 28 and 93 still resembled those of Penske's No. 12 Alliance Truck Parts and No. 22 Discount Tire cars.

The team expanded to three teams in 2015, and switched to Toyota, using engines from an alliance with TriStar Motorsports' PME Engines. The cars are now built and wrapped in JGL Racing's shop. The paint schemes for the 26 and 28 cars were created by the JGL Graphics Shop.

In August 2015 and continuing into 2016, the team began using engines from Joe Gibbs Racing and expanded its operations to Denver, NC with a multi-building campus.

On November 15, 2017, it was announced that JGL would form a partnership with Roush Fenway Racing and move to Ford for 2018. Kaz Grala was announced as the first driver for the new JGL/Ford pairing, while later signing Dylan Lupton and Tony Mrakovich to the No. 28 car. Grala finished 4th in his Xfinity Series debut at Daytona while Lupton finished 27th.

The team would shut down after a 23rd finish with Lupton at Pocono coming on the heels of the release of Kaz Grala after Dover. The financial struggles were medical issues for team owner James Whitener Sr., and the No. 24 assets were sold to FURY Race Cars while the rest of the assets including the shop were sold to JGL Crew Chief Steven Lane where he would form On Point Motorsports.

Whitener died on March 21, 2022, and his cause of death has not been revealed.

Xfinity Series

Car No. 24 history
For 2015, Eric McClure signed to drive the No. 24 car, which replaced the former No. 93 team. McClure brought longtime sponsors Hefty and Reynolds Wrap from TriStar Motorsports. Jay Guy was initially announced as crew chief; Steven Lane would assume the duty for the season. After 9 races however, McClure and JGL parted ways and he returned to TriStar Motorsports for the rest of the year. McClure took the car number to TriStar, so the No. 24 JGL team was shut down and its crew moved to the No. 26.

The No. 24 car returned as JGL's second team in 2016. On February 12, the team announced the car will be part of the "Young Guns" program, in which a group of upcoming drivers would drive the car. Joe Gibbs Racing development driver Matt Tifft drove the car at the Daytona season opener with sponsorship from ClinicalRM, finishing 21st. Corey LaJoie drove several races in the car beginning at Atlanta. youtheory later signed on to sponsor LaJoie in eight races beginning at Fontana in March. On April 11, 2016, Brandon McReynolds, son of former crew chief and Fox Sports analyst Larry McReynolds, was announced as the driver of the No. 24 car for the Xfinity race at Talladega Superspeedway later that month.

For 2017, Scott Lagasse Jr., Corey LaJoie, Drew Herring, Jeb Burton, Dylan Lupton and Cale Conley shared the ride.

On November 17, 2017, it was announced that Kaz Grala would drive the No. 24 full-time in 2018. JGL Racing announced that it would switch to Ford and have a technical alliance with Roush Fenway Racing as part of the deal.
 However, on May 15, 2018, Grala announced he had been released by JGL as the team was shutting down its No. 24 car due to a lack of sponsorship. Team owner James Whitener later revealed that his diagnosis of liver failure also contributed to the closing of the team. Some of the cars, as well as many of the crew members from the 24 car, including crew chief Shane Wilson, moved to Grala's new team, Fury Race Cars, which is partly owned by his father Darius. The No. 24 was later reassigned to GMS Racing.

Car No. 26 history

In 2015, Mike Wallace returned to the team in a part-time third entry numbered No. 26. Wallace finished 13th in the season opener at Daytona International Speedway. Wallace was to again attempt Talladega in this car, but open heart surgery sidelined him, with his replacement being announced as his younger brother Kenny Wallace. The younger Wallace was involved in a multi-car crash, relegating him to a 38th-place finish.

Following the shut down of the No. 24 team after Eric McClure's departure, JGL made the No. 26 a full-time entry, with the No. 26 team assuming the crew from the No. 24 team. Ryan Ellis drove the car at Iowa in May, with C. J. Faison piloting the car at Dover in his series debut. Timmy Hill drove the car at Daytona in July, with Mike Wallace still out of commission following surgery, and Kenny Wallace injured from the Talladega crash and another crash during the season. Tomy Drissi returned to the team at Watkins Glen and Mid-Ohio, promoting the Straight Outta Compton film. Hermie Sadler drove 2 races in the car at Bristol and Richmond with sponsorship from the Virginia Lottery. T. J. Bell later took over the ride remainder of the season by start and parking majority of the races. The No. 26 team later became the No. 24 team in 2016.

On June 24, 2017, the team announced via Twitter that Scott Lagasse Jr. will drive the No. 26 at Daytona.

Car No. 28 history

The No. 28 was an original JGL Racing entry, having debuted at Daytona in 2014 as a Dodge. Mike Wallace ran the No. 28 at Daytona in 2014 with Unker's Medicated Cream as the sponsor, with the intent of running the full season. Wallace, an excellent Superspeedway racer, finished 13th in the race. Wallace ran the next four races, with a best finish of 20th at Phoenix. After Derek White (another owner who operates out of Carl Long's shop) ran the car at Fontana, J. J. Yeley moved over from the No. 93 car to become the team's primary driver. Yeley posted a strong 7th-place finish at Talladega, then ran a strong 5th on rain tires at Road America. At Watkins Glen International, Yeley's No. 28 car was involved in a crash with Trevor Bayne entering turn 6, which both Yeley's crew chief and analyst Andy Petree noted as the third incident of the day in which Bayne had spun out another competitor. Afterwards, Yeley got out of his car and expressed his displeasure with Bayne as he passed by, and in his post-wreck interview. Yeley would be credited with a 35th-place finish out of 39 cars. At the season-finale at Homestead, the No. 28 team switched to Toyota equipment.

Yeley returned to the team for 2015. He would finish 4th at Talladega to bring JGL their best finish. Yeley finished 12th in the championship point standings.

For 2016, Dakoda Armstrong moved over from Richard Petty Motorsports to drive the No. 28 car full-time, with sponsorship from WinField. Armstrong started the season with a 14th place finish at Daytona. Armstrong would have a great consistent season, including a season best finish, 12th at Daytona. Armstrong would be moved to Joe Gibbs Racing for one race to drive the No. 18 replacing Matt Tifft at Iowa bringing his sponsor which JGL hired Drew Herring to drive the No. 28 car at Iowa, where he finished 12th.

For 2017, Armstrong returned, however was released by the team on September 25 for a lack of sponsorship.

On January 3, 2018, it was announced that Dylan Lupton would drive the No. 28 for at least 21 races in 2018. Lupton had previously driven the No. 24 part-time in 2017. Tony Mrakovich made his Xfinity Series debut in the No. 28 at Richmond, finishing 24th. On June 7, 2018, Dylan Lupton announced on Twitter that he left the team to find a more competitive car.

JGL Racing has been inactive since mid 2018.

Car No. 93 history

The No. 93 was an original entry for JGL Racing in 2014, debuting as a Dodge at Daytona in February. Matt Carter (son of longtime Cup Series owner Travis Carter) drove the No. 93 at Daytona International Speedway, failing to qualify. Carl Long ran the next race at Phoenix, parking after 13 laps for a 37th-place finish. J. J. Yeley joined the team at Vegas, finishing 21st. Long start and parked the car again at Bristol, then Yeley ran the next two races scoring two top 20s. Mike Wallace moved over from the No. 28 for two races before leaving the team. Long, Harrison Rhodes, Josh Reaume, and Kevin Lepage all ran races in the car.

Mike Wallace returned to the team at Kentucky. Wallace also ran the next race at Daytona in July with sponsorship from Smith Transportation, working out a deal with the team that would put his son Matt in the No. 93 at a race of his choice if Mike finished in the top-5. Though he didn't get that top-5, he finished a strong tenth. Up-and-comer Kevin Swindell joined the team at Indianapolis with sponsorship from Curb Records and John Christner Trucking. Road course racer and movie promoter Tomy Drissi drove the No. 93 car to a 20th-place finish at Watkins Glen with sponsorship from the new Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film in 3D. Drissi also ran the following week at Mid-Ohio, finishing 23rd. Swindell returned to the team for eight additional races, with a best finish of 22nd twice. Ryan Ellis, Mike Harmon, and T. J. Bell also ran races for the team.

In 2015, JGL shut down the No. 93, instead creating the new full-time No. 24 and part-time No. 26. The No. 93 crew were moved to the No. 24 car. However, nine races into the season, the No. 24 was shut down and the No. 26 became a full-time entry. The team then announced that the No. 93 would return as the new part-time entry. However the car has not been fielded as of the second to last race of the season.

References

External links

 Official Website
 Current
 Former

Defunct NASCAR teams


title: Pristolepis pentacantha

text:
Pristolepis pentacantha is a species of fish in the family Pristolepididae described from Kabani River of Kerala, India. It can be distinguished from its relative species by the following combination of characters: eyes are larger and closely set, dorsal fin carries 15–16 spines and 11 soft rays, anal fin carries 5 spines and 7 soft rays.

The fish species was discovered by Mathews Plamoottil, Assistant Professor in Zoology at the Government College, Chavara, Kollam, from Bavali, near the Karnataka border, in January 2012. Based on scientific studies and comparison with other fishes of the same species found in Kerala, it was found that P. pentacantha was a new species.

Known as aattuchemballi in local parlance, fish of the family Pristolepididae are edible. They can also be reared as an ornamental fish.

The name "pentacantha" is derived from two Greek words, "pente" meaning five and "akantha" meaning thorn, referring to the five spines in the anal fin of the fish. While the body is grayish green, the dorsal fin is reddish orange in colour.

References

External links

Pristolepididae
Freshwater fish of India
Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats
Fauna of Kerala
Taxa named by Mathews Plamoottil
Fish described in 2014


title: Kevin Ward (audio engineer)

text:
Kevin Arnold Ward (born February 12, 1968) is an American engineer, record producer and songwriter based in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.

Biography
Ward was born in Anniston, Alabama, a small town between Atlanta and Birmingham. At the age of six he picked up his first guitar. At the age of eleven, he discovered two cassette tape recorders. From those items, he taught himself how to multitrack and overdub instruments.

Musical career
Ward began his musical career in 1991 at HearHere! Studios (now Crossroads) in Asheville, North Carolina. One of his first recordings was featured on the award-winning The Kingsmen Quartet album, "Wish You Were Here." His tenure with HearHere! included recordings by Anthony Burger, Tony Rice, The Isaacs, Karen Peck and New River, George Beverly Shea, Bill Gaither, John Bowman and Ralph Stanley. Ward also worked on music for the film, The Last of The Mohicans. During his time with HearHere!, Ward recorded, produced, and/or mixed over 170 albums.

In 1996, Ward moved to Nashville, Tennessee to work with his friend and mentor, Kevin McManus at Oak Valley Studios in North Nashville. During this time he met producer, arranger, and future Vine records partner, Wayne Haun. Together they started Haun and Ward Entertainment and quickly signed Janet Paschal and The Lewis Family. In 2007 Ward received his first Dove Award for production of the song, "Flyin' High" by The Lewis Family. Although Ward is most notably an engineer, his first Dove Award nomination was for songwriting. His song, "Teach Me To Love Like That (Lord Song)," was nominated for a Dove Award as Bluegrass Song of The Year in 1998. He lost this win to one of his heroes, Ricky Skaggs.

Ward eventually started the label, Vine Records, with Wayne Haun and shortly thereafter, they signed Calvin Hunt, Lillie Knauls, HisSong, and the Nelons. Less than a year into his co-venture with Haun, Ward and Haun signed up-and-coming Bluegrass artist, Lizzy Long. Long collaborated on an album through Vine Records with longtime friends, Roy Lewis and the legendary Earl Scruggs.
In 2006 Ward and good friend, Nathan Adam (of multi-platinum Pro Tools), wrote the book Pro Tools 9: The Mixer's Toolkit, both mixers were featured on Amazon and Sweetwater Magazine.

In 2012 Ward was also nominated for the Dove Awards Urban Album of The Year after producing Change The Atmosphere by The Christ Tabernacle Choir of Queens, New York. He's produced such songs as "Give Yourself Away" by the legendary group, Newsong, along with "Soul Food," "My Good, Your Glory", and the very popular, "Wandering Heart," all featured on the Record From LordSong. Ward also produced The Message (which earned 5 number 1 songs), and Time Machine (2 number 1 songs). Both were career-starting albums from The Browders. He also engineered and mixed The Cathedrals Family Reunion record. Ward has also produced several records for Hope's Call.

After just two years in business, Vine Records was nominated for over a dozen Dove Awards, many of which they have won.

Associated acts
Ward has also mixed and/or produced with noteworthy artists including Vince Gill, Willie Nelson, Judy Collins, Dolly Parton, Boots Randolph, J. Mark McVey, The Jordanaires, Sandra Payne, Jessica King, Connie Smith, Russ Taff, Mark Lowry, Russ Lee, Bonnie Bramlett, Ben Tankard, Jerry Springer, Vassar Clements and Bryan Sutton. Most recent collaboration includes Ernie Hasse and Signature Sound, George Younce, Jason Crabb, Doug Anderson, Wayne Haun, Devin McGlamery, The Perrys, Little Roy Lewis, Ryan Seaton, Ty Herndon, Sam Bush, The Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, Rhonda Vincent and Richie McDonald of Lonestar.

Instruments
Bass guitar, acoustic and electric guitar, piano, keyboards and harmonica.

Awards and nominations

Nominations and awards for which Ward is credited for his role in their production.

References

External links
 Kevin Ward Music
 MixCoach.com
 kiloWatt Studios
 About Kevin Ward
 Multi-Platinum Featured Producers
 The Recording Revolution
 Mixed by Stone - Credits
 Nashville Music Pros

1968 births
Living people
People from Anniston, Alabama
Record producers from Alabama
American audio engineers
American male songwriters
Songwriters from Alabama


title: Machhra

text:
Machhra is a village situated in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh state of India.

References

Villages in Meerut district