title: Valentino Pittoni

text:
Valentino Pittoni (; 23 May 1872 – 11 April 1933) was a socialist politician from Trieste, who was mainly active in Austria-Hungary. As a follower of Austromarxism and militant of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria (SDAPÖ), he came to oppose both Italian irredentism and Slovenian nationalism. In the early 20th century he emerged as the key leader of the socialist movement in the Austrian Littoral region. Pittoni represented Trieste in the Imperial Council, where he became known as a proponent of electoral democracy, and was additionally a member of Trieste's Municipal Council. He set up a cooperative movement, as one of several ventures ensuring inter-ethnic solidarity in the Littoral.

Increasingly isolated after World War I, Pittoni was uncompromising in demanding Trieste's autonomy within Austria, and eventually its independence from the Kingdom of Italy. He was a noted adversary of Italian fascism, who lived his later life in exile in Vienna. His final contributions were as a newspaper editor and doctrinaire of interwar Austrian socialism.

Early life
Pittoni was born on 23 May 1872, in Brazzano, part of the Cormons municipality. His father was a textile trader. During his childhood the family moved to Trieste. He studied at the Trade Academy (Accademia di Commercio e Nautica) in Trieste, and worked on his father's business. During his youth, Pittoni sympathized with irredentism. He was called for military service in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and was discharged with the rank of Second Lieutenant.

Later, Pittoni joined the Trieste Workers Society, which, despite the name, was a moderate nationalist group with only some socialist members. In 1896 he befriended the Austrian socialist leader Victor Adler, who invited him to join SDAPÖ that same year. For the next twenty years, Pittoni was strongly influenced by Adler's Austromarxist ideological line. He lobbied for the transformation of the Austro-Hungarian empire into a Danubian Confederation of non-territorial nationalities. A staunch internationalist, he opposed any Italian irredentist moves. For Pittoni, irredentism was promoted by Italian capitalists to weaken unity of the working class. Nonetheless, he and his movement had only marginal contacts with the Slovene neighbours, as Pittoni resented Slovenian nationalism and opposed the Slavic claims over Trieste (or "urban Slavism").

Pittoni joined the Social Democratic League, a Triestine branch of the SDAPÖ, and, by 1902, was involved in mediating between the socialists and organised labour. That year, he helped the senior socialist leader Carlo Ucekar in directing the Österreichischer Lloyd stokers strike, but lost control of it to anarchist agitators. The strike ended in bloodshed. The authorities were lenient toward the socialists, and willing to blame the strike on anarchists, but made a point of warning Pittoni to comply in the future.

Later that year, Ucekar died; Pittoni vied for and won the post as leader of the Social Democratic League. With Pittoni at the helm, the Triestine socialists moved closer to the Austromarxist centre, holding the 1905 anti-war and anti-irredentist demonstration which coincided with the official launch of SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max.

Parliamentarian
The 1907 Austrian general election was the first to be held with universal male suffrage. Pittoni was elected to the Imperial Council with an absolute majority, representing the first constituency of Trieste (covering the old city and the suburb of San Giacomo). Although this was a major victory for his version of socialism, Pittoni noted that his League lacked cadres, and reached out to members of Italian Socialist Party (PSI), in the Kingdom of Italy, proposing that they should relocate their militancy to Trieste. He allowed a measure of nationalism to seep into his discourse, noting: "It is up to us to also deal with the national issue." In August, he represented his party at the Stuttgart Congress of the Second International.

Like other SDAPÖ deputies, Pittoni demanded the introduction of universal suffrage in Transleithania, which was administered by the Gyula Andrássy government in Budapest. As he noted in a parliamentary address of October 10, 1908: "it can no longer be indifferent to the nations of Austria if the disenfranchised peoples and classes of Hungary still fail to receive the rights we owe them." Together with Adler, Etbin Kristan, Engelbert Pernerstorfer and Josef Steiner, he presided over an SDAPÖ Conference which demanded "freedom in Hungary".

From 1907 onwards Cesare Battisti, a left-wing intellectual inside the party from Trentino, emerged as prominent leader of Trieste's League. Battisti and Pittoni clashed on political issues, especially following the 1908 Bosnian crisis. The latter incident had created a dissonance between the goals of socialist internationalism and those of Austrian nationalism, but Pittoni played it down, arguing that many Bosniaks were already subjects of the Austrian monarchy, in Croatia-Slavonia. Overall, Pittoni claimed, "the right of ethnic self-determination hinges on that state's democratization prospects" (implying that Bosniaks lacked such prospects outside the Austrian tutelage). He also noted that, contrary to the indignation in Italy, Italians had nothing to fear. Against Pittoni, Battisti maintained an anti-militarist and separatist position. Pittoni also found himself criticised by PSI irredentists Claudio Treves, Leonida Bissolati and Gaetano Salvemini.

Pittoni was elected municipal councillor of Trieste in 1909, and promoted labour management initiatives. Chief editor of the party organ, Il Lavoratore, and a key figure in the Social Studies Circle, Pittoni also founded the Workers Cooperative of Trieste, Istria and Friulia. His participation in such causes increased the cultural and educational prestige of socialism, solving many of the movement's teething problems, and helping to spread the cooperative ideals among the Slovene population. He conditioned affiliation to these cooperatives on the desegregation and inter-ethnic solidarity of candidate unions. He also campaigned for the establishment of Workers Club and an Italian university in Trieste.

Pittoni retained his parliamentary seat in the 1911 Austrian general election. This time he was supported by mainstream Slavic parties, opposed to Felice Venezian's Italian national-liberals, but could not count on the regular Slovene voters, who withdrew their support. As leader of the Italian parliamentary club, Pittoni supported an inquiry into the affairs of Transleithania, where, according to fellow deputy George Grigorovici, the Hungarian Post was censoring the correspondence of left-wing opponents, including Austrian subjects.

Like the rest of his party, Pittoni issued protests against Rudolf Montecuccoli's plan to modernize and increase the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Together with Adler and with members of the PSI, he co-founded an anti-war congress that would report on any rearmament on either side of the Italian–Austrian conflict. During October 1912, he participated in the mass rallies opposing Austria-Hungary's involvement in the First Balkan War, and petitioned the government on that subject.

World War

In 1914, just before the start of World War I, Pittoni began cooperating with the Yugoslav Social-Democratic Party (JSDS), which had recently relocated in Trieste, and set up a shared bureau to oversee common operations. However, he insisted that the common slogan was that of "national toleration [and] workers solidarity", and that the status of Trieste as an Austrian port could not expect to change.

In May 1915, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary. The violence of the subsequent "Mountain War" demoralized Pittoni, who pleaded with his government for the fair treatment of Italian captives and refugees. He and the Slovene Henrik Tuma conceived of an abortive plan to establish a bi-national Trieste as part of the Austrian monarchy. It was to include Monfalcone, San Dorligo della Valle, Muggia and other rural localities, which were supposed to form an anti-irredentist cordon of Slovenes and Friulians. In mid 1916, they joined hands with other JSDS moderates, reestablishing the newspaper Zarja, which, against the SDAPÖ party line, advocated the end of war. The Pittoni–Tuma project was opposed by the Yugoslavist wing of the JSDS, whose leader Josip Ferfolja accused the internationalists of facilitating his people's "death as a nation".

Probably as a result of this nonconformism, Pittoni was again conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army and sent to the front, before returning to Trieste as cooperative leader, working to ensure the city's supply in food and basic goods. He regained his seat in the Imperial Council in summer 1917, when it reopened its sessions, and declared himself willing to represent the Austrian workers at an international peace conference that was planned by the International Socialist Commission (ISC) in Stockholm. At odds with Adler, who supported continuing the war, he moved closer to Karl Renner's faction, which stood by the old confederation programme, but he also issued messages of sympathy toward the revolutionary, Bolshevik and "maximalist", groups. He notably demanded freedom for Adler's son Friedrich, jailed for his assassination of Minister-President von Stürgkh.

Faced with the challenges of Yugoslavism and Austro-Hungarian dissolution, Pittoni called for the creation of an independent Istrian state or a "Republic of Venezia Giulia". It was to demand protection from the League of Nations, but Pittoni also spoke of other diplomatic alternatives, including an American or a Bolshevik occupation. In late 1918, as the Slovene National Council prepared to assume control of the region, he publicized the manifesto of Emperor Charles, which proposed an Austrian confederation and a special role for Trieste. However, he faced increased opposition within the Trieste socialist movement from the Giuseppe Tuntar–Ivan Regent faction (which favoured an Italo-Slavic Soviet Republic) and from irredentist or "socialist-nationalists" such as Edmondo Puecher, who had organised the strike of January 1918. He responded by purging Il Lavoratore staff of suspected irredentists, including writer Bruno Piazza.

In October 1918, during the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, the Imperial Council's Italian club dissolved: a "national fascio" was formed, unilaterally proclaiming the annexation of Istria and South Tyrol by the Kingdom of Italy. Pittoni condemned the move, as did the Friulian deputies Luigi Faidutti and Giuseppe Bugatto. However, he agreed to become a member of the Italian deputies' Permanent Commission, which was led by the fascio's spokesman, Enrico Conci. Although stranded in Vienna, he communicated with his Triestine faction: his second-in-command, Alfredo Callini, was a member of the Committee of Public Safety, formed after Governor Alfred von Fries-Skene abandoned Trieste. Pittoni had by then lost all footing inside the JSDS, with Ferfolja accusing him of being a covert irredentist.

Exile
In early 1919, following the Armistice of Villa Giusti, Pittoni protested as the Arditi and the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento took over in Trieste. The city was soon placed under the governorship of Carlo Petitti di Roreto, who tried to talk Pittoni into accepting the national unification and the Trieste Social Democratic League's integration with the PSI. Pittoni was also opposed to the PSI's revolutionary socialism, and, in April 1919, stood in the minority of Trieste socialists who voted against joining the PSI and the Comintern; he also defended Adler, Camille Huysmans, and the ISC against Bolshevik criticism. By mid 1919 many of Pittoni's followers, Callini included, had deserted to the irredentist camp. Pittoni himself radicalised his opposition to Italian integration, and from 1920 argued that Trieste should form a state within the new Republic of Austria.

In 1922 Pittoni resigned from his posts in the party, complaining that the socialist movement had fallen prey to "the most arrogant and greedy kind of capitalism". By then, he had lost control of Il Lavoratore to a Bolshevik faction which was eventually absorbed into the Italian Communist Party. Pittoni moved to Milan, where he managed a Consorzio Italiano consumers cooperative. He campaigned for the unification of Italian cooperatives into "a few hundred powerful organisms", which, as he explained in a February 1922 article for La Cooperazione Siciliana, were to form the basis of "a new society". His daughter Bianca (born in Trieste on March 20, 1904) also became politically active, joining Anna Kuliscioff's socialist circle in Milan.

Pittoni remained in Italy after the fascist coup of October 1922, but was eventually driven out by the increasingly violent regime in 1925. He moved back to Vienna, and lived the rest of his life in relative poverty. Granted protection by the municipal government of Karl Seitz, he became editor of the Arbeiter-Zeitung. Like other Italian emigrants, among them Angelica Balabanoff, he managed to influence SDAPÖ doctrines, contributing to its strong show of anti-fascism. In the conflict between Italian resistance groups, Pittoni raised funds for Filippo Turati's United Socialists. Bianca Pittoni, who also left Italy in 1927, became Turati's secretary and confidante, and then worked with Giuseppe Saragat in Vienna. Such activities irritated Benito Mussolini, the Italian fascist leader, who repeatedly urged the Austrian Christian Social Party to liquidate the Viennese socialist "canker".

Pittoni died in Vienna on 11 April 1933. The funeral oration was given by SDAPÖ colleague Wilhelm Ellenbogen, who called Pittoni's fight against irredentism "one of the most glorious actions in the history of Austria's workers movement", and praised his "intimate affinity with the Austro-German thought and sentiment". As argued by researcher Gilbert Bosetti, Pittoni's death "put an end to all hopes of a reform-minded Triestine socialism that supported peace among peoples."

Bianca went on to fight for the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, pursued by OVRA and the Gestapo, she joined the French Resistance in Poitou-Charentes. From 1944, she was employed by the Embassy of the Republic of Italy in Paris, where she died in 1993. Pittoni's other relatives were still residing in Italian Trieste, and then in the Free Territory. They include his other daughter, Nerina, and his niece Anita Pittoni, founder of Lo Zibaldone publishing house. Nerina's son, Luciano Manfredi, was Anita Pittoni's heir.

Notes

References

1872 births
1933 deaths
People from Cormons
People from Austrian Littoral
Italian Austro-Hungarians
Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)
Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)
Austrian newspaper editors
Cooperative advocates
Cooperative organizers
Executives of cooperative societies
Italian anti-fascists
Austrian anti-fascists
Austro-Hungarian Army officers
People of the Balkan Wars
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Austrian pacifists
Anti–World War I activists


title: Saffet Kaya

text:
Saffet Kaya (born 14 August 1981) is a Turkish footballer. He made his Süper Lig debut on 18 August 2001. Kaya is an uncle of Kaan Ayhan.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from Recklinghausen
Footballers from Münster (region)
Turkish men's footballers
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Antalyaspor footballers
Süper Lig players
Men's association football forwards


title: Jagadamba Centre

text:
Jagadamba Centre gets its name after the famous Jagadamba Theatre at this central junction of the city of destiny Visakhapatnam. This center forms the good old central shopping and entertainment hub of this port city.

Commerce
Jagadamba Center houses shops of various shapes and sizes. It's not a tourist destination but an ideal point to wrap up your tour by buying souvenirs from this market. There are a couple of authentic handicraft shops as well and are managed by the Government hence an ideal place to buy goods.

Tourists can also visit this site for exploring various shopping malls and restaurants located in close vicinity.

Gallery

References

Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam
Uttarandhra
Shopping districts and streets in India


title: List of longest cross-country trails

text:
Here is a list of the longest hiking trails in the world from longest to shortest.

Trails over 1,500 kilometres in length
Trans Canada Trail – In Canada, this trail extends to around  from coast to coast and is still in need of completion.
American Discovery Trail – Extends from coast to coast in the USA, the longer Southern route is  long.
Grand Italian Trail – This trail is around  through Italy.
Continental Divide Trail – USA about
Hokkaidō Nature Trail – In Japan, this trail is about  long.
Tōhoku Nature Trail – A trail in Japan about  long.
Pacific Crest Trail – Extends from Mexico to Canada,  through California, Oregon and Washington.
Chubu Hokuriku Nature Trail – In Japan, about  long.
Great American Rail-Trail - A  cross country rail-trail in the United States.
Appalachian Trail – This trail is around  stretching throughout most of the east coastal United States.
Kinki Nature Trail – In Japan, about  long.
Greater Patagonian Trail – In Chile and Argentina is currently  long and can potentially be extended to approx. . The entire route network exceeds .
Te Araroa – In New Zealand, about .
Kyushu Nature Trail – In Japan, about .
Camino de Santiago de Compostela – In France and Spain, about + long.
The Sultans Trail – Runs through Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey at a distance of .
Chugoku Nature Trail – In Japan, about  long.
Great Himalaya Trail – In the Himalayas near Nepal is a northern route with high elevation, about .  The low route is  long with a total of nearly .
Via Francigena in UK, France, and Italy is .

Trails under 1,500 kilometres in length
Great Baikal Trail is a series of trails in Russia projected to be finished in 2014.
National Blue Trail in Hungary is 1,168 km (725 mi) long.
Trans-Panama Trail in Panama is  long.
South West Coast Path in the United Kingdom is around .
Bibbulmun Track in Australia is around .
Israel National Trail or Shvil Yisrael is  long.
The Bruce Trail in Ontario, Canada is  long.
Cesta hrdinov SNP in Slovakia
The Baekdu-Daegan Trail in South Korea is .
Kom-Emine in Bulgaria is  in length.
Jordan Trail in Jordan is  long.
The Sir Samuel and Lady Florence Baker Trail in South Sudan to Uganda is .
The Lycian Way in Turkey is .
The Main Beskid Trail in Poland is
The Main Sudetes Trail Główny Szlak Sudecki in Poland is
Snowman Trek in Bhutan is .
Tahoe Rim Trail in Lake Tahoe is  long.
Tour de Mont Blanc through France, Italy, and Switzerland is .

See also
List of longest state highways in the United States
List of longest tunnels
Long-distance trail
Navigation
Trail

References

Hiking trails


title: Best Supporting Actor: Television Movie/Cable

text:
Here are the nominees and winners of the Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Movie/Cable. The category was reinstated in 2013 after a five-year hiatus.

Multiple Nominees
 Mekhi Phifer - 3 nominations
 Harry Lennix, Danny Glover, Bokeem Woodbine - 2 nominations

Winners/Nominees

References

Black Reel Awards
Television awards for Best Supporting Actor


title: Sir Charles Palmer, 2nd Baronet

text:
Brenton Tarrant Harrison, (October 27, 1990 – Present Brenton Harrison Tarrant (born 27 October 1990),[72][73] a white Australian man, was 28 years old at the time of the shootings.[74][75] He grew up in Grafton, New South Wales, where he attended Grafton High School.[74][76] Born to Jewish parents’ in which they divorced at a young age into Brenton’s life, his moms subsequent boyfriend abuse him.[77] He worked as a personal trainer in his hometown from 2009 to 2011,[78] quitting after an injury; in that time, he inherited A$457,000 from his father, who committed suicide in 2010.[34] In 2015, he took a trip to Ukraine and came into contact with extreme right-wing groups.[79].

Life

Charles Thomas Hudson was born on 20 May 1771 to Sir Charles Hudson, 1st Baronet of Wanlip Hall and his wife Catherine Palmer.

In 1805 Hudson, as he still was then, married Harriet Pepperell (born on 17 December 1773), one of the three daughters of the Anglo-American Sir William Pepperell of Boston and Elizabeth the daughter of Isaac Royall. A portrait of William Pepperell and his three daughters and short-lived son was painted by John Singleton Copley in 1778.
 Hudson's marriage was important as it linked his family not only to the Pepperell inheritance, but also connected him to the American Royalls. The latter had become rich due to their Antiguan slave plantations. Both Isaac Royall and Hudson's father had interest in slave plantations in Surinam.

In 1803 Charles and Harriett had Louisa and in 1806 came Mary Ann. A third daughter, Caroline Harriet, was born in 1809, followed by the heir, George Joseph, in 1811. His final two children were Charles Axdale and William Henry.

He succeeded to the title in 1813. Under the terms of his maternal grandfather's will, he changed his name to Palmer and what had been th Hudson baronetcy became the Palmer baronetcy of Wanlip Hall. He successfully challenged the will that the first baronet had written shortly before his death. The Master of the Rolls considered that the first baronet's request that his executors pass on his wealth (2,500 pounds) to the children that were surviving 28 years after his death was too vague and remote.

His third daughter was notable in the history of New Zealand. She married Rev. Charles Abraham, who with her able assistance became bishop of Wellington; their only child, Charles Abraham, and his son Philip Abraham, both became bishops. It is under her married name, Caroline Harriet Abraham that she became known as an artist and defender of Maori rights.

His heir, George, married Emily Elizabeth Holford; their daughter Emily Frances married James Tomkinson, landowner and Liberal politician. Through this line are descended the Palmer-Tomkinson family, who still own much of the land in the area around Wanlip.

Palmer died in Wanlip in 1827.

References

1771 births
1827 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain
People from Wanlip


title: Heads Will Roll (Under the Dome)

text:
"Heads Will Roll" is the second-season premiere of the CBS drama series Under the Dome, and the fourteenth episode overall. The episode premiered on June 30, 2014.

This episode immediately follows the events of the previous season finale, "Curtains", with Julia coming back to shore after having dropped the egg in the lake and Barbie in a noose on the gallows in the town square.

The episode was met by mixed reviews from most critics, with some criticizing the show's dependency on plot twists; though others commented positively on the episode's special effects.

Upon airing, the episode was watched by 9.41 million American viewers and received an 18–49 rating of 2.1, placing first in its timeslot and first for the night.

Plot
Dale "Barbie" Barbara's (Mike Vogel) fate is left in the hands of James "Big Jim" Rennie (Dean Norris) and his son James "Junior" Rennie (Alexander Koch) after being falsely charged with numerous crimes committed by Big Jim. Barbie, wearing a noose around his neck, is waiting for Junior to pull the lever on the gallows releasing the trap-door. However, the Dome emits a mysterious sound which scares Junior from pulling the lever and causes Sheriff Linda Esquivel (Natalie Martinez) to halt the execution. It turns out that the Dome has become magnetized, causing execution observers to pass out. Linda, Junior, Barbie, and Big Jim visit the Dome wall where its magnetization pulls all metal objects against it, including Barbie who is still in metal handcuffs. While freeing Barbie from the cuffs, Linda is killed by being crushed between the Dome's wall and an SUV pulled by the magnetization.

Meanwhile, Julia Shumway (Rachelle Lefevre) meets Sam Verdreaux (Eddie Cahill) while rescuing from drowning a mysterious teenage girl (Grace Victoria Cox) who may hold clues to the origin of the Dome. Julia leaves Sam and the girl to look for Barbie. Later in the episode it is revealed that Sam is Junior's uncle and Big Jim's brother-in-law.

Determined to save the rest of the townspeople, Barbie meets Rebecca Pine (Karla Crome), a high school science teacher who has many theories about the Dome. Inside the McAlister's house Elinore "Norrie" Calvert-Hill's (Mackenzie Lintz) mother, Carolyn Hill (Aisha Hinds), passes out from a large magnetization pulse. Fighting against "flying" dangerous metal objects, Barbie, Rebecca, Joe McAlister (Colin Ford), Angie McAlister (Britt Robertson), and Norrie pull Carolyn out of the house seconds before the house is torn apart from the pulse. While Barbie and Rebecca attempt to stop the pulses, the teens are convinced that the Dome is punishing them for not killing Big Jim when it told them to.

The Dome's magnetic force locks Big Jim in the fall-out shelter where he is taunted by Dodee Weaver's (Jolene Purdy) ghost. Eventually he blows himself out with grenades but then sees Junior unconscious next to the gallows. Another large pulse has caused almost everyone inside the Dome to pass out, with the exception of Barbie, Julia, and Big Jim. Big Jim believes the Dome is telling him to sacrifice himself so he prepares to hang himself. He is unable to reach the lever while standing on the trap-door so he asks Julia and Barbie for assistance. Julia accepts but then refuses to follow through, forcing Big Jim to break through the door himself. Julia prevents Big Jim's death by cutting the rope after she becomes convinced that killing Big Jim is not the answer. She believes the Dome instead wants the townspeople to stop killing each other. Once Julia cuts Big Jim loose, the townspeople begin to wake up from their unconscious states and the Dome releases all the metal objects.

Big Jim tries to gain the townspeople's trust back by appointing Phil Bushey (Nicholas Strong) as the new sheriff and inviting Joe, Angie, Norrie, and Carolyn to stay at his house. Junior then pulls Big Jim aside and tells him while he was unconscious he had a vision of his supposedly deceased mother Pauline Rennie (Sherry Stringfield). Big Jim tries to reassure him that it was just a dream but Junior refuses to believe him. Meanwhile, outside the dome it is revealed that Junior's mother is still alive, living single but concerned for her son under the dome.

Later that night Angie sees the girl who was rescued by Julia and follows her into the school where she is seen looking into a locker. The girl notices Angie and runs away. Angie looks inside the locker and is stunned by whatever is there. Then she is cut down by an unseen assailant. Her bloody hand-print on the locker is the last thing we see.

Production
Shortly after the series was renewed for its second season it was announced that Stephen King, the author of the novel which inspired the TV series, would write this episode. In preparation for writing the episode King "went back and looked at the last episode twice and [...] the last scene about 15 times."

On June 23, 2014, a week prior to the season premiere, a TV special entitled Under the Dome: Inside Chester's Mill aired on CBS and featured a condensed recap of the first season, interviews with the cast and crew, and a sneak preview of the premiere. The special was watched by 4.34 million American viewers and received an 18–49 rating/share of 0.8/3.

When talking about Angie's death, Britt Robertson said for TV Guide, "I thought she would be the strong-willed woman who would get them all through being under the dome. I thought she would be a part in taking the dome down. But I think she was maybe a little too strong-willed and hotheaded. That got her into trouble." She also said that her character may come back, saying "I always like to think there's a possibility for anything with this show. I'm very open to coming back. There is always really cool story lines that they create with dead people. I'm hoping to get something in that world, where they bring me back, but I'm not quite Angie, you know?"  Stephen King has a brief cameo in the episode, specifically interacting with Britt Robertson's character in the Sweetbriar Rose diner shortly before her demise — "Refill, Ange? Thanks, hon."

Reception
The premiere was watched by 9.41 million American viewers and received an 18–49 rating/share of 2.1/7, down significantly from the series premiere and the first-season finale. However, despite falling in ratings, the show placed first in its timeslot and first for the night. Including DVR viewership, the premiere was watched by 13.20 million viewers and received an 18–49 rating of 3.2 three days after the original airing. The numbers from DVR viewing also improved from the series premiere in 2013, where 3.16 million viewers watched it compared to the 3.79 million for this episode.

The episode received generally mixed to negative reviews from critics. Carla Day of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.1 out of 5, saying, "As disappointing as the finale was, the follow-up was a mixed bag. I am intrigued by the new characters, reveals and see potential for season 2. The main issues I had with the episode had to do with the mess left from last season." She then continued to say "The addition of Sam and the new science teacher in place of Linda and Angie was a good decision. The deaths create a shift in the town's dynamics, while the two new characters have much to offer." David Hinckley of the Daily News gave the premiere a 3 out of 5, saying, "The supernatural show has evolved into a bit of a cartoon, but it's a fun one, especially since Stephen King himself wrote the season two opener."

Scott Von Doviak of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B− rating, saying, "There's goofy fun and then there's goofy dumb, and Under the Dome has proven itself capable of both varieties. Such was the case tonight. No visual on this show will ever match that opening night shot of the cow being sliced in half, but the sight of all the metal objects hurtling toward the dome and sticking there, culminating in Deputy Linda getting squished by her car five minutes into the new season, came close. This was a tragic moment, obviously, and I laughed out loud because it played like the show just couldn't get rid of the character quickly enough." He then commented positively on the scene in Norrie's house, saying, "The slapstick horror of the scene inside Norrie's house as she and her pals try to rescue her mother was vintage King, expertly directed by Jack Bender. The knives flying through the air, the nails pulling loose from the walls, the pots and pans whizzing over the kids' heads, and finally the house falling completely apart... it all worked as a very satisfying mini-movie: the perfect short subject before your next screening of Maximum Overdrive."

Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a 5 out of 10, signaling mixed to negative reviews. He mainly criticizing the episode's deaths, saying, "By killing off two (or more) characters in the premiere, Under the Dome is definitely going for a new 'no one is safe' vibe. Though it would help of any of the characters who were no longer safe were characters I actually care about. Plus, the dome can make anyone pop back up as a ghost-type thing so no one really leaves. And since everyone's so flat, it doesn't actually matter if we're seeing them 'alive' or 'dead.'" Marc Buxton of Den of Geek also gave the episode a mixed review, rating it a 2.5 out of 5, saying "So we kick things off with a mixed bag of seemingly needless character deaths and the introduction of new characters who are going to need a great deal of fleshing out to replace Linda and Angie. But Under the Dome proved itself last summer, and we look for more of the same despite a disjointed beginning."

Brian Lowry of Variety gave the episode a negative review, saying, "CBS pulled out all the stops to sex up the relaunch of Under the Dome — including a second-season premiere written by Stephen King — but at this point, attempts to keep the show interesting just bounce right off. Part of that has to do with a loose interpretation of the 'limited series' description leading up to last season's underwhelming cliffhanger, as well as a sense that while the characters remain trapped without an answer, viewers (at least, those who can find something else to occupy them between now and Labor Day) don't have to be."

Certain critics who gave the episode a negative review noted the show's excessive use of plot twists as an issue. Verne Gay, reviewing for Newsday, gave the episode a C+ grade, saying, "Some excellent special effects are in Monday night's episode, but nothing particularly shocking because it's become abundantly clear by now that the dome can do any damn thing the dome -- or the writers -- want. Twiddle its thumbs? Do a soft shoe? Rain down jelly beans? Whatever. Tonight, the dome brings back the dead, makes people faint and sucks up a bunch of metal stuff into one noisy crunch. [...] The problem with this sort of narrative stretch is that when the payoff finally arrives -- hopefully by season's end -- it's been upstaged or rendered irrelevant by all the plot flimflammery that preceded it." Chancellor Agard of Entertainment Weekly also said, "Those who tuned in tonight hoping for an Under the Dome that was less silly and provided more answers, less questions were probably disappointed by the episode's end. Under the Dome remains just as ridiculous (not in an endearing way) as ever—in its second season premiere, a lead character is killed off, new mysteries are introduced (because that's exactly what we need) along with new characters, and several pages out of Losts playbook come into play."

Tim Surette of TV.com gave a scathing review of the episode, saying "Overall I thought this episode was lousy and made very little sense. I'm not sure it even had such aspirations. It was like a script was written in chunks by 12 different people who didn't read what the person before them wrote. But that's not only what I expect from Under the Dome, it's what I need. I couldn't be happier that this show is back. I just have one request: BRING BEN BACK NOW. This show is much harder to take without my stoner buddy."

References

2014 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Jack Bender
Television episodes written by Stephen King
Under the Dome (TV series) episodes


title: Ernest Spencer

text:
Sir James Ernest Spencer  (5 May 1848 – 29 June 1937) was a British Conservative politician and Member of Parliament 1886–1906.

Biography
Spencer was born in 1848, the youngest son of John Spencer, iron master, of Phoenix House, West Bromwich. He was educated privately, and was a chairman of the family company, J. E. and S. Spencer Ltd, and a director of several other companies, including Kelly's Directories Ltd. In 1884 he was called to the bar by the Middle Temple, and joined the Oxford Circuit. From 1892 to 1914 he served as counsel to the Austro-Hungarian consulate. He was a Justice of the peace (JP) and a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) for Staffordshire. He was a member of the British Beekeepers Association in 1915 and became president of the organisation in 1932.

In politics, he unsuccessfully contested the West Bromwich constituency in the general election in November 1885, but was elected as a Member of Parliament in the election the following year. He served as MP for West Bromwich from 1886 until he retired in the 1906 election.

For his services to politics he was appointed a knight Bachelor in the November 1901 Birthday Honours list, and received the knighthood from King Edward VII on 10 December 1901.

He died at his home, at Oxshott, on 29 June 1937.

Family
Spencer married, in 1886, Helen Williamson, daughter of Thomas Williamson, of the Bombay Civil Service. Lady Spencer died in 1928.

References

External links

1848 births
1937 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1886–1892
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
Members of the Middle Temple
Knights Bachelor
People from West Bromwich
Deputy Lieutenants of Staffordshire
English justices of the peace
People from Oxshott


title: Chlorella autotrophica

text:
Chlorella autotrophica, or Chlorella sp. (580), is a species of euryhaline, unicellular microalga in the Division Chlorophyta. It is found in brackish waters and was first isolated in 1956 by Ralph A. Lewin. The species is defined by its inability to use organic carbon as a food source, making the species an obligate autotroph. It is sometimes considered a variety of Chlorella vulgaris.

Uses
C. autotrophica has many uses. The species has been used as a feedstock for rearing bivalves and fry in aquaculture and as source of the amino acid L-Proline. German and Russian scientists investigated the possibility of using the species as a food source for astronauts. The algal species is also a candidate feedstock for biodiesel production due to its ability to accumulate triglycerides under nitrogen limitation.

References

autotrophica
Edible algae


title: Kaminskas

text:
Kaminskas is a Lithuanian language family name. Kaminskienė and Kaminskaitė are its female forms. It corresponds to Polish surname Kamiński.

The surname may refer to:
 Juozas Kaminskas  (1898–1957), Lithuanian painter
 Rim Kaminskas, American aircraft designer, creator of Kaminskas Jungster I and Jungster II
 Birutė Berčiūnaitė-Kaminskienė, Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
 Eleonora Kaminskaitė (1951–1986), Lithuanian rower
 Kazys Algirdas Kaminskas  (1940-), Lithuanian researcher in the field of ergonomics

Lithuanian-language surnames


title: The Flame of the Yukon

text:
The Flame of the Yukon is the title of two silent films:

 The Flame of the Yukon (1917 film)
 The Flame of the Yukon (1926 film)


title: Tony Greene (artist)

text:
Tony Greene (1955, San Francisco, CA - 1990, Los Angeles, CA) was a visual artist whose work combines photographic imagery with an overlay of thickly applied decorative patterns or calligraphic letterforms.  Rarely exhibited during his lifetime (he died of AIDS-related illness at age 35), his work has subsequently staged what the Los Angeles Times describes as "a remarkable posthumous comeback," including a mini-retrospective of Greene's work as part of the 2014 Whitney Biennial exhibition, and additional exhibitions held in Chicago and Los Angeles during 2014, including the UCLA Hammer Museum's biennial "Made in LA" exhibition.

Greene was awarded an MFA degree from California Institute of the Arts in 1987.  His classmates there included the artists Richard Hawkins and Catherine Opie, who jointly curated Greene's 2014 exhibition in the Whitney Biennial.

David Evans Frantz, curator at ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives curated a "show within a show" in the Hammer Museum's Made in LA Biennial, featuring Tony Greene's opulent paintings from 1987 to 1990, alongside queer and activist artists, documents, and ephemera in dialogue with his work.

References

1990 deaths
1955 births
20th-century American artists
20th-century American male artists
Artists from San Francisco
AIDS-related deaths in California
California Institute of the Arts alumni
American male artists


title: Rees Llewellyn

text:
Rees Llewellyn (20 June 1851 – 21 August 1919) was an industrialist and public figure in Aberdare, South Wales and a prominent figure in the industrial history of the South Wales Coalfield.

He was the son of David Llewellyn, Parc Isaf, Treorchy, and was born  at Cwmpark House, within 50 yards, near to the Ocean Colliery at that place. He was educated at the National School, Pentre, and afterwards at the Grammar School, Bridgend. In 1866, he was articled as surveyor to Leyshon Rees of Hirwaun and three years later he became a surveyor at the Ocean Colliery, Cwmpark. By 1877 he was manager of the  Bwllfa and Merthyr Dare Collieries. In 1891 the Bwllfa Company was formed, with Llewellyn as Director and Resident Colliery Agent. In 1897 he was President of the Colliery Managers Association and in 1899, a member of the South Wales and Monmouthshire Coal Owners Association.

Public life
Llewellyn  played a prominent role in the public life of the Aberdare Valley. he became a member of the Aberdare School Board in 1879 and of the Aberdare Local Board of Health in 1882. In 1894 he became a founder member of the Aberdare Urban District Council. In 1899 he became High Constable of Miskin Higher and succeeded Rees Hopkin Rhys as the member of Glamorgan County Council for Llwydcoed. He was made High Sheriff of Breconshire in 1916.

Later years
Llewellyn died at Bwllfa House, Aberdare, on 21 August 1919.

References

High Sheriffs of Brecknockshire
Welsh industrialists
1851 births
1919 deaths
19th-century Welsh businesspeople


title: Little White River (Ontario)

text:
The Little White River is a river in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a left tributary of the Mississagi River.

Geography
The river begins at an unnamed lake in geographic Fabbro Township. It heads southwest through Sixpack Lake and then under Ontario Highway 546, from which point the highway follows the river valley, where it takes in the left tributary Sister River and the right tributary Kindiogami River. It loops back and forth under the highway, continues southwest, takes in the left tributary Boland River and right tributary West Little White River, passes under Ontario Highway 554, and reaches its mouth at the Mississagi River at geographic Wells Township southeast of the community Wharncliffe. The Mississagi River flows to the North Channel on Lake Huron.

Tributaries
Casselman's Creek (left)
Kynoch Creek (right)
West Little White River (right)
Boland River (left)
Kindiogami River (right)
Sister River (left)

Little White River Provincial Park

The Little White River Provincial Park is a waterway park that protects a  long section of the river and its banks, from approximately the northern terminus of Secondary Highway 639 to its confluence with the Mississagi River. Additionally it includes the entire West Little White River and its headwater lakes (such as Pointer, Finn, Town Line, Robb, Elbow, Kirkpatrick, White Bear, and Endikai Lakes), as well as Raven Lake Uplands that stretches to the Wakomata portion of the Mississagi River Provincial Park. It was established in 2002 and provides canoe camping and fishing opportunities.

Features in the park include wetlands, oxbow sloughs, and floodplain swamps with stands of silver maple, black ash, and white elm. The Raven Lake natural heritage area contains bedrock cliff faces, upland rock barrens, deep gorges, ravines, convoluted linear wetlands, and significant stands of white pine growing on the glacier-scoured hills. The park forms a natural corridor between several natural heritage areas, such as the Mississagi River Provincial Park, the Kirkpatrick Lake enhanced management area, and the Endekai Perched Delta enhanced management area.

It is a non-operating park, meaning that there are no facilities or services.

See also
List of rivers of Ontario

References

Sources

Rivers of Algoma District


title: Utö hus

text:
Utö hus (sometimes Utöhus, literally in Swedish Utö house) is a medieval manor on Arnö island in lake Mälaren in Uppland, Sweden.

History
The manor is mentioned in written sources for the first time in beginning of the 15th century. At the time, it belonged to the Schack family. In the 1630s, the estate was merged with neighbouring estate of Grönsö Manor when the  Chancellor of Uppsala University Johan Skytte (1577–1645)  married Maria Näf.

The building was repaired circa 1740 and occasionally inhabited until the 1840s, when it was transformed into a storage. In 1937 the building was donated to the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities by Alice von Ehrenheim.

The manor is a well-preserved, rectangular medieval manor house with crow-stepped gables. It consists of a cellar, two proper floors and two attic floors. The current division of rooms seems to date from the first half of the 17th century.

References

External links

Manor houses in Sweden


title: Silverado (gay bar)

text:
Silverado, formerly known as Flossie's, is a gay bar and strip club in Portland, Oregon's Old Town Chinatown neighborhood, in the United States.

Description and history

Silverado, Portland's only gay strip club, after the closure of Three Sisters Tavern in 2004 and prior to Stag PDX's opening in 2015, has existed for nearly 30 years. Formerly called Flossie's, it was originally located below a gay bathhouse in what is now the Crystal Hotel. This was in the area of downtown Portland known as Burnside Triangle, or "Gay Triangle", for its many gay and gay-friendly businesses. The club relocated to 318 Southwest 3rd Avenue, in January 2008.

In March 2018, Silverado confirmed the business would leave its location at 3rd Avenue on March 31, after ten years. The bar relocated to 610 Northwest Couch Street, in the Old Town Chinatown neighborhood, in December 2018.

In his 2019 "overview of Portland's LGBTQ+ nightlife for the newcomer", Andrew Jankowski of the Portland Mercury wrote: "The Pacific Northwest's longest-operating male strip club moved last winter, setting up shop next to the Star Theater in a former sports bar. It doesn't look like much on the surface, because the real party is in the basement. There aren't as many poles as the previous location, but there's no shortage of sexy male dancers."

Policies
In 2012, Silverado attracted attention for enforcing unequal cover charges every Friday and Saturday, charging male patrons $3 and female patrons $5. A spokesman for the company compared the difference in price to similar "ladies' night" events in which men pay more to enter a club than women. Furthermore, he said in an interview published by The Portland Mercury: "Every other day of the week, the entry price is the same for everyone. We require a nominal fee because we don't want people just coming in to oogle and leave. We need to make a profit!"

The bar does not allow bachelorette parties due to complaints from male patrons who "don't like groups of screaming and giggling women", even posting signage which specifically reads, "No Bachelorette Parties". The entrance to Silverado also has a sign that reads, "If you're here, you're queer", informing heterosexual men that they "aren't welcome". The same spokesman said of the policy, "This isn't a discrimination issue, it's different. We're just trying to create a comfortable environment for our customers."

Reception
Thomas Lauderdale, known for his work with the Portland-based band Pink Martini, has shared his affinity for the club and keeps a collection of photographs of guests who accompanied him to the venue, including Gus Van Sant and Rufus Wainwright.

See also
 List of strip clubs

References

External links

 TWO Investigation: 'Ex-Gay' Rock Star John Paulk Exposed as Fraud…Again by Wayne Besen (2012), Truth Wins Out

Gay culture in Oregon
LGBT culture in Portland, Oregon
LGBT drinking establishments in Oregon
LGBT nightclubs in Oregon
Male erotic dance
Nightclubs in Portland, Oregon
Northwest Portland, Oregon
Old Town Chinatown
Southwest Portland, Oregon
Strip clubs in Oregon


title: Le Mentor

text:
Le Mentor is a 2013 French film directed by Jean-Pierre Mocky.

Plot
The film portrays a family and follows in particular a young woman on a journey of discovery and love.

Cast
 Jean-Pierre Mocky (Ludovic)
 Solène Hebert (Annette)
 Clovis Fouin (Christian)
 Simon Coutret (Alexandre)
 Marina Monmirel (Caroline)
 Freddy Bournane (Joe "la limace")
 Paméla Ravassard (the lady with the buggy)
 Jean Abeillé (Mr Béchamin)
 Cyrille Dobbels (Huissier)
 Alain Kruger (Banquier)
 Noëlle Leiris (the blonde)
 Fabrice Colson (the big man)
 Gilles Lecoq (the hotel manager)
 Pascal Lagrandeur (the waiter)
 Christian Chauvaud (Claverie)
 Christophe Bier (the clerk)
 Marie-Philomène Nga (Krishna)
 Michel Vaniglia (the tramp who plays the guitar)
 Cédric Tuffier (a tramp)
 Michel Stobac (a young tramp)
 Guillaume Delaunay (the giant in the locker room)
 Catherine Berriane (the lady in the locker room)
 Emmanuel Nakach (the cheesemonger in the supermarket)
 Sarah Bensoussan (the lady in the park)
 Frédéric Buret (the waiter who serves the trout)
 Alain Schlosberg (Fripier)
 David Blanc (the presenter)
 Olivier Defrocourt (inspector C&A)
 Catherine Van Hecke (Gisèle)
 Olivier Hémon (doctor)
 Joelle Hélary (the female dog owner)
 Nathan Agüero (the beggar)
 Jess Liaudin (the barker)
 Jean-Michel Moulhac (the manager at the porch)
 Noël Simsolo (Mr Troublot)
 Patrick Diwen (the guy at the porch)
 Aude Roman (the young woman)
 Dominique Boissel (the advocat)
 Serge Bos (the priest)
 Alain Vettese (Annette's father)
 Michel Fréret-Roy (the jeweller)
 José Exposito (prison guard)
 Martin Delavenne (prison guard)
 Antoine Delelis (the man at the ballon)

Release
The film was released in Paris on 10 April 2013. As of 2014 it is not yet available in the US on DVD or Blu-ray.

See also
 Cinema of France
 List of French language films

References

External links

2013 films
French comedy films
2010s French-language films
Films directed by Jean-Pierre Mocky
2010s French films


title: Rivers State Television

text:
Rivers State Television (abbreviated RSTV), UHF channel 22 is a state-owned television station in Port Harcourt city, Rivers State. It began its operation in 1985. Initially, the station's broadcasting power was 1 kW and signals were transmitted on UHF channel 55. After an upgrade in 1991, RSTV moved to UHF Channel 22 and had its radiated power boosted to 30 kW.

Signal transmission and reception
RSTV's signal is received in parts of nine states. Its studios and transmitter are co-located in the Elelenwo neighborhood on the southwest side of Oyigbo.

See also
Radio Rivers 99.1

References

External links

Mass media in Port Harcourt
Television stations in Nigeria
Television channels and stations established in 1985
Companies based in Port Harcourt
Public broadcasting in Rivers State
1985 establishments in Nigeria
1980s establishments in Rivers State
Elelenwo, Port Harcourt


title: Jefferson Montessori Academy

text:
Jefferson Montessori Academy  is a K-12 charter school located in Carlsbad, New Mexico. It was the first Montessori public school in New Mexico and is one of two charter schools in Carlsbad. The school serves students in grades K-12 and is part of the Carlsbad Municipal School District.

It was founded by Arleen Standiford, Patricia Verch, and Catherine Novich Brown. The principal is Kelli Barta. The charter school proposal was originally denied in October 2000, but was approved the following year in December 2001.  The school opened to students in August 2002. For its first few years it operated in a privately owned facility, but it is now in a school-district-owned facility.

In 2010, Jefferson Montessori Academy was named "Charter School of the Year" by The New Mexico Coalition for Charter Schools.

References

External links
 Jefferson Montessori Academy webpage

Charter schools in New Mexico
Carlsbad, New Mexico
Schools in Eddy County, New Mexico
Montessori schools in the United States
2002 establishments in New Mexico
Educational institutions established in 2002


title: Mingur

text:
Mingur is one of the villages situated in Kalampur block of Kalahandi district in the State of Odisha in India.

Villages in Kalahandi district


title: Ferenc Nyúl

text:
Ferenc Nyúl (2 November 1896 – 30 April 1971) was a Hungarian football player and coach.

Career

Club
Nyúl played for MTK Hungária FC from 1913 until 1920, when he joined the Romanian side Hagibor Cluj. In 1921 he returned to MTK Hungária FC, replacing the Hungarian legend, Bela Guttmann. Nyúl played for the club until 1925.

National team
Between 1916 and 1920 Nyúl played four games for the Hungarian national team.

Coaching career
In 1937 Nyúl trained the Romanian team, Universitatea Cluj.

Notes

References

 Alberttől Zsákig: Antal Zoltán – Hoffer József, Budapest, Sportkiadó, 1968
 Felejthetetlen 90 percek: Rejtő László – Lukács László – Szepesi György, Budapest, Sportkiadó, 1977,
 Futball '93: (Budapest, 1994) ISSN 1217-873X

1896 births
Hungarian men's footballers
1971 deaths
Hungarian football managers
FC Universitatea Cluj managers
Men's association football midfielders
Hungary men's international footballers
MTK Budapest FC players
Hungarian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania


title: 1902 Aberdare Urban District Council election

text:
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  At this time, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis.

An election was held in April 1902. It was preceded by the 1901 election and followed by the 1903 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1899 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1905. There were contested elections in three of the five wards.

(*) denotes sitting member

Results

Aberaman Ward

Blaengwawr Ward

Gadlys Ward

Llwydcoed Ward

Town Ward

References

Bibliography

1902
1902 Welsh local elections
April 1902 events


title: Omer Pashë Kavaja

text:
Omer Pashë Kavaja (Alltuni) (born in Kavajë) was an Albanian administrative ruler who served as Wāli of Iskodra from 1755 to 1757 and as Sanjak-bey of Elbasan and Avlona from 1756 to 1768.

References

People from Kavajë
Omer
18th-century Albanian people
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown


title: Rugbyclub Waereghem

text:
Rugbyclub Waereghem is a Belgian rugby club in Waregem.

History
The club was founded in 2009.

Rugby union clubs in Belgium
Rugby clubs established in 2009
Waregem


title: Francisco Gamborena

text:
Francisco "Patxi" Gamborena Hernandorena (14 March 1901 – 30 July 1982), was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder.

He spent his entire club career from 1915 to 1934 with Real Unión in his hometown of Irún in the Basque Country, winning the Copa del Rey in 1924 and 1927 before playing in the club's four seasons in La Liga after its formation, followed by two in the Segunda División after relegation (they never returned to the top level).

Gamborena made his international debut for Spain on 9 October 1921 in a 2–0 home friendly win over Belgium in Bilbao's Estadio San Mamés. He played 20 internationals, including at the 1924 and 1928 Olympic tournaments, and his last match was a 13–0 win over Bulgaria on 21 May 1933, Spain's record victory.

After his retirement, he had brief spells in management at six Spanish clubs between 1939 and 1950.

Honours
Copa del Rey: 1924, 1927

References

External links

1901 births
1982 deaths
Footballers from Irun
Men's association football midfielders
Spanish men's footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Spain
Real Unión footballers
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Basque Country men's international footballers
Spanish football managers
La Liga managers
Segunda División managers
Tercera División managers
Hércules CF managers
Deportivo Alavés managers
Real Zaragoza managers
Real Sociedad managers
Xerez CD managers
Real Oviedo managers
Real Jaén managers


title: Summer Games (1984 film)

text:
Summer Games () is a 1984 Italian teen comedy film written and directed by Bruno Cortini.

Plot

In Porto Rotondo the stories of love and jealousy of a group of young people follow one another, including boat trips, beach games and parties in the villas and clubs of the Costa Smeralda.

Cast
 Massimo Ciavarro: Brando
 Natasha Hovey: Ale Donelli
 Mauro Di Francesco: Gianni Perego
 Corinne Cléry: Lisa Donelli
 Karina Huff: Ambra Carimati
 Fabio Testi: Roberto Ripa
 Lidia Broccolino: Zaccaria,  Zac
 Valeria Cavalli: Teodora Theodoli, a.k.a. Teo
 Andrea Prodan: The Marquis
 Guido Nicheli: Gino Carimati, a.k.a. Nogi
 Odoacre Chierico: Himself
 Francesco Graziani: Himself

See also
 List of Italian films of 1984

References

External links

1984 films
1984 black comedy films
1980s teen comedy films
Italian black comedy films
1980s Italian-language films
Films set in Sardinia
1984 comedy films
1980s Italian films


title: William Albert Robinson

text:
William Albert Robinson (1877 – 31 December 1949) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for St Helens from his election at the 1935 general election until the 1945 election.

Career
Robinson had previously fought Liverpool Exchange at the 1929 general election. He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for St Helens at the 1935 general election and served until the 1945 election.

He was an active member of the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers, for which he had served as Political Secretary.

Personal life
Robinson died on 31 December 1949.

References

External links

1877 births
1949 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers-sponsored MPs
UK MPs 1935–1945
Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)


title: This Is Not a Ball

text:
This Is Not a Ball is a feature documentary film premiered in June 2014 produced by Emilio Azcarraga Jean and Bernardo Gomez and El Mall and Videocine as producing companies. The documentary is directed by Brazilian artist Vik Muniz and Juan Rendón. The documentary narrates the story of how a small round object such as a soccer ball can transform the lives of individuals and communities around the world. It explores the passion for soccer in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Germany, Sierra Leone, China and Pakistan. Throughout the documentary, there are interviews with children from the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, with American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and other personalities.

Synopsis
Brazilian artist Vik Muniz traveled the world and witnessed how can a small round object transform the lives of individuals and communities. This is not a Ball explores the passion for football and tries to replicate the impact of the ball on a larger scale trying to connect individuals with their society or even greater purposes.
These endeavors range from Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, China and all the way to Sierra Leone searching for the meaning and importance of a soccer ball in different societies. The film includes interviews with personalities like Neil De Grasse Tyson.

Impact
With the support of the globally recognized social organization Fundación Televisa, and global development experts: , #Passtheball undertakes the launch of a global initiative for social good. Twelve organizations that focus on football as a tool of change will benefit from the collective work. Vik Muniz makes the viewer an active participant in the film by presenting opportunities to collaborate both during and after the movie plays. Over 20,000 soccer balls were used to construct two art installation pieces in Brazil and Mexico. Those soccer balls will be repurposed and sold as part of This is not a Ball's fundraising effort, #Passtheball—a social movement that enables the documentary to transcend the two-dimensional cinematic experience by impacting the world around us.

References

External links

 Fundación Televisa
 Hubs of the World Economic Forum's Global Shapers community of São Paulo and Rio
 Street Football World

2014 films
2014 documentary films
Documentary films about association football


title: John Bunion Murray

text:
John Bunion (J.B.) Murray (also spelled Murry; 1908–1988) was an abstract expressionist painter from Glascock County, GA. His work has been shown among folk art exhibitions and is included at the American Folk Art Museum and the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and has been featured in many museum exhibitions, including "Self-Taught Genius" at AFAM and "When the Stars Begin to Fall" at the Studio Museum. His work is best known for its codified use of colors and improvised script, called "spirit script," which could only be translated by the artist.

Early life
John Bunion (J.B.) Murray was born to John H. Murray and Moriah Macrae M. Bass in Glascock County, Georgia in the remote town of Mitchell. He attended school for one month at the age of six, then spent the rest of his life as a general farm laborer. Murray was unable to read or write in English. He married his neighbor, Chloe Kitchens, in his early twenties. Murray built a house in the neighboring town of Sandersville. He and his wife had eleven children, five of whom died within Murray's lifetime. By the time he was in his fifties, his wife had left him. Aside from doctor's visits and weekly services at the Mineral Springs Baptist Church, Murray lived in virtual isolation for the remaining two decades of his life. He died in 1988 of prostate cancer.

Religion and art
At the age of 70, Murray began what art historian William Arnett has called "one of the most remarkable and unlikely art 'careers' in the southern vernacular field" after he and his wife separated. After a decade of living alone, Murray dislocated his hip, and was forced to retire from farming and seek new existential perspectives. His first creations were shrinelike piles of found materials, rocks, and other debris strategically placed throughout his yard to repel evil that Murray believed loomed over all facets of life. He then began painting car parts, televisions, and other reflective material that he would then affix to his home in another effort to reflect evil and protect his home. The tradition of adorning one's yard with sculptures and totems, otherwise known as the "yard show," was a very common practice among African American artists, particularly from the south eastern United States. Other artists from northern Georgia, such as Eldren M. Bailey, Dilmus Hall, Ralph Griffin, and Howard Finster all created prominent yard shows.

In 1978, Murray experienced a religious vision while watering his potatoes which inspired him to produce a remarkable body of abstract paintings and drawings in the last decade of his life. Seeing an eagle descend from the sun, Murray believed that he had been granted a privileged religious insight, which was to be the inspiration for his work as an artist.

When I started, I prayed and prayed. And the Lord sent a vision from the sun. Everything I see is from the sun. He showed me signs and seasons and he tells me. He turned around and gave me a question to ask Him and I asked Him to see me mother. He brought her before me and two brothers... See, Spirit will talk with Spirit. And when I left there [the hospital], the eagle crossed my eye—a Spiritual Eagle. The Eagle can see farther than any bird in the world and that's why I can see things other people can't see. When I see between here and the sun is in a twinkle. It was then that I began to write these letters. Different writing represents different languages and folks. It's the Language of the Holy Spirit, direct from God"

Illiterate, Murray developed his own personal style of seemingly unintelligible asemic writing, which he called "spirit script," that he inscribed onto his drawings and paintings. Murray's writing gave him a power he believed could be used for benediction and protection of himself and others. As a part of the process, Murray kept a bottle of what he called "holy water" on a table by his bedside, which he would raise towards the sky whenever he prayed. Murray believed that if a person with a pure heart read his "writing" while looking through the bottle of holy water, that person would read messages from God. During the last few years of his life, as his reputation as a mystic grew, Murray would receive visitors on his property who requested ritual readings of the holy water.  When writing these holy messages, Murray would often hold the bottle of holy water in one hand and write with the other, keeping his hand as limp as possible, and letting the holy spirit guide it. This process of automatic writing was recorded in a documentary directed and produced by Judith McWillie of the University of Georgia toward the end of his life. Although other deeply religious artists wrote in asemic script, such as Joe Light's pseudo-Arabic and James Hampton's Phoenician-like script, Murray was the only artist known to read and decipher his writings through water.

Many scholars have written about West African spiritual and religious influences on religious practices of the African American descendants of enslaved peoples in the southeastern United States. Murray's work differs from other visionary work in that it has no formal narrative components, and relies primarily on sacred scripts. Thus, despite Murray's commitment to the Baptist Church, scholars have connected Murray's practice with Afro-Islamic traditions. Islamic traditions in western and northern Africa venerate writing, studying and memorizing the Koran and other sacred texts as a power bestowed on man by Allah and can constitute forms of worship. Interpretation and intercession of sacred texts are used to heal practitioners spiritually and physically. Furthermore, some Afro-Islamic mystic leaders dissolve the written words of sacred texts or the name of Allah in water then pour the solution into a small vial, which the practitioner drinks or wears in secret around their neck. In his own way, and without lending credit to the similarity, Murray reflected these Islamic practices when he wrote his prophetic "spirit scripts" and interpreted them through his small glass of water for visiting practitioners.

Murray distrusted people who did not believe in God; in his mind, most people had strayed from the Lord's path and were therefore potentially harmful. He also believed that destructive evil spirits populated the world, and thus much of the artwork he created served a protective purpose. His paintings and painted objects functioned as a shield to ward off such harmful forces. His house never became a site for collectors or art historians, as other folk artists' houses had been. However, as his notoriety progressed, a small group of private patrons began exchanging his completed paintings for new supplies and discouraging him from engaging with other interested collectors. It is unknown how much Murray was compensated for his work, if at all. At the end of his career, he had produced nearly 2,000 paintings.

Art historian Mary Padgelek, who wrote a book about Murray's life and works, has also written a musical about him: Visionary Man, which was presented at the Hudson Mainstage Theater in 2014.

Exposure
Two people helped expand Murray's range of materials and exposure to viewers. One was his general practitioner, Dr. William Rawlings, a local doctor in Sandersville. The other was Andy Nasisse, an art professor at the University of Georgia. Murray and Dr. William Rawlings met as a result of a routine check up for a minor illness. Murray believed that Rawlings offered more than just physical healing, so he frequented Rawlings' office for mental and spiritual advice. Along with these visits, Murray would send hundreds of paintings and spirit scripts to Rawlings, who then began to supply Murray with higher quality art materials. Murray went from painting on discarded building material with house paint purchased at the local convenience store to painting with tempura paints, markers, watercolors, oil paint sticks, etc.

Murray's greatest advocate may have been Krista Lamar, Dr. Rawlings' wife. She bought supplies for Rawlings to give to Murray and even introduced Murray to Andy Nasisse, an art professor at the University of Georgia. Through Nasisse, Murray was introduced to Phyllis Kind of the Phyllis Kind Gallery in New York. After she agreed to represent Murray in her gallery, his work became internationally known and exhibited around the world.

Once he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the mid-1980's, he began to make work furiously, feeling as though he was running out of time. This and Murray's increased exposure to medical drawings and hospitals, in accordance with his treatment, altered his work in the last four to five years of his life. His work focused more on warfare and biological uncertainty which Murray felt stirring within him. As a result, his once iconic, compartmentalized style began to blur and serpentine shapes manifested over the background. He died at the Memorial Hospital in Washington County, GA on 18 September 1988.

Subject and materials
Murray's lexicon of colors was confined to primary colors, white, and black for the majority of his career. Each color held a specific meaning. Red represented torment or evil, blue represented "good" and positive strength, and yellow and gold indicated a divine presence or energy such as God himself or the sun. White was often added among these colors to denote spiritual purity and black was seldom added to denote death or the afterlife. Murray uses color and "spirit script" in tandem to create "spirit works," what he called his paintings, which showcased the battles between good and evil that Murray saw unfolding in everyday life. His "spirit works" contained messages for visitors and viewers that Murray alone could interpret.

His colors and calligraphy were often compartmentalized into horizontal or vertical registers and square or rectangular spaces. Many historians also note horror vacui in Murray's work. His paintings deviate from the known American Folk Art repertoire in that there is very little representation or interpretation of life. There is no wildlife, Biblical characters, political or patriotic themes, and no narrative obvious to the viewer.

Nearly all of Murray's works were completed on paper, whether that be napkins, receipt paper, construction paper, or poster board, using pens, colored pencils, felt-tip markers, and acrylic paint.

Exhibitions and permanent collections
Murray's work has been shown in the following exhibitions:

 Baking in the Sun: Visionary Images from the South, 13 Jun.- 31 Jul 1987, University Art Museum, Lafayette, LA.
 Outside the Mainstream; Folk Art in Our Time. May–August 1988, High Museum of Art at Georgia Pacific Center, Atlanta, GA.
 Afro-American Folk Artists. 30 Jul.- 7 Aug. 1988, Berman Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
 Gifted Visions:Black American Folk Art, 1988, Atrium Gallery, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
 American Resources: Selected Works of American American Artists. 26 Aug- 24 Sep, 1989, Bernice Steinbaum Gallery, New York, NY.
 Another Face of the Diamond: Pathways Through the Black Atlantic South. 1989, New Visions Gallery, New York, NY.
 Black History, Black Vision: The Visionary Image in Texas. 27 Jan.- 19 Mar. 1989, Archer m. Huntington Gallery, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
 A Density of Passions, Aug 1989, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, NJ.
 Gifted Visions: African American Folk Art.  27 Jan- 24 Feb. 1990, University Art Gallery, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA.
 J.B. Murry, 15 Dec. 1990- 12 Jan, 1991, Phyllis Kind Gallery, New York.
 Parallel Visions: Modern Artists and Outsider Art. 18 Oct. 1992- 3 Jan. 1993, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, CA.
 Pictured in My Mind: Contemporary American Self-Taught Art from the collection of Dr. Kurt Gitter and Alice Rae Yelen. 1995, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL.
 Wrestling with History: A Celebration of African American Self-Tught Artists from the collection of Ronald and June Shelp, 1996, Baruch College, CUNY, New York, NY.
 Masterworks by Twentieth Century African-American Artists. 17 Jan- 1 Mar, 1998, Springfield Museum of Art, Springfield, OH.
 Southern Spirit: The Hill Collection. 21 Feb - 31 Mar 2000, Museum of Art, Tallahassee, FL.
 Testimony: Vernacular Art of the African American South: the Ronald and June Shelp Collection. 2001, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI.
 Define Drawing: Work by Self-Taught Artists Past and Present. 14 Jul- 15 Sep 2001, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
 Stories of Community: Self-Taught Art from the Hill Collection. 12 Aug- 30 Oct, 2004. Museum of Arts and Sciences, Macon, GA.
 Coming Home: Self-Taught Artists, the Bible, and the American South. 19 Jun - 13 Nov. 2004, Art Museum of the University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
 The Souls of Black Folk: Selections of African American Folk Art from the Museum's Permanent Collection. 28 Nov. 2004- ongoing, Museum of African American Life and Culture, Dallas, TX.
 Holy H2O: Fluid Universe. 2 Oct. 2004- 4 Sep. 2005, American Visionary Art Museum, Baltimore, MD.
 Visual Glossolalia. 15 Jun - 15 Jul, 2005, Luise Ross Gallery, New York, NY.
 Parallel Visions II. 5 Apr.- 26 May 2006, Galerie St. Etienne, New York, NY.
 Recent Acquisitions. 6 Jun.- 8 Sep., 2006, Galerie St. Etienne, New York, NY.
 Amazing Grace: Self-Taught Artists from the Mullis Collection, 29, Sep. 2007- 6 Jan. 2008, Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
 Crossroads: Spirituality in American Folk Traditions. 17 Nov, 2007- 24 Feb, 2008. Owensboro Museum of Fine Art, Owensboro, KY.
 Approaching Abstraction. 6 Oct, 2009- 6 Sep, 2010, Museum of American Folk Art, New York, NY.
 All Folk, 19 Aug.- 2 Oct. 2010, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
 Naives, Seers, one Wolves, and World Savers XXIV, 2 Apr. 2011, Dean Jensen Gallery, Milwaukee, WI.
 Outsider Visions: Self-Taught Southern Artists of the Twentieth Century. 21 Sep, 2011- 8 Jan, 2012, Boca Raton Museum of Art, Boca Raton, FL.
 Pure Folk: Celebrating the Folk Art Society of America. 14 Sep.- 10 Nov. 2012, Barbara Archer Gallery, Atlanta, GA.
 Voodoo Child: J.B. Murray and Mary Smith. 2013, abcd, le galerie, Paris, FR.
 When the Stars Begin to Fall: Imagination in the American South. 27 Mar- 29 Jun, 2014, Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY.

Murray's works are in the permanent collections of the following museums:

 Metropolitan Museum of Art
 Minneapolis Institute of Art
 Ackland Art Museum
 Smithsonian American Art Museum
 American Folk Art Museum

References

Relevant literature
 Judith McWillie and Grey Gundaker. No Space Hidden: The Spirit of African American Yardwork (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2005) pp. 39, 40, 168–171.
 Clifton-James, Licia E. 2016. Making the connection: JB Murray and the scripts and forms of Africa. University of Missouri-Kansas City: doctoral dissertation.

External links
 http://www.folkartmuseum.org/?t=images&id=4381
 http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=86323
 http://www.cargofolkart.com/Artist%20Pages/J.B.%20Murry.htm
 http://www.folkstreams.net/film,219
 http://galleristny.com/2014/03/terms-of-art-looking-at-the-american-south-studio-museum-considers-the-insider-outsider-divide/
 https://issuu.com/cavinmorris/docs/two_transcend-jbm_catalog_safarova_

1908 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American painters
American abstract artists
American folk art
Outsider artists
Painters from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Glascock County, Georgia
Visionary artists


title: Chewingum

text:
Chewingum is a 1984 Italian teen comedy film directed by Biagio Proietti. It premiered at the 41st Venice International Film Festival in the "De Sica" section.

Cast

 Massimo Ciavarro: Massimo
 Isabella Ferrari: Isabella
 Mauro Di Francesco: Mauro
 Mara Venier:  Emanuela Raveggi
 Orsetta Gregoretti: Orsetta
 Marina Occhiena: Marina
 Anna Melato: Mother of Orsetta

References

External links

1984 films
Italian comedy films
1980s Italian-language films
1980s teen comedy films
1984 comedy films
1980s Italian films


title: St. Patrick's Elementary School

text:
St. Patrick's, an independent co-educational Catholic elementary school of approximately 315 Grade K-7 students in Greater Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

History
The school was established in 1956 by Father M. J. McNamara. In January of that year St. Patrick's School opened on Haultain Street with 4 classrooms and 50 pupils. In the late spring of 1956 the school moved to its present location. Sister Mary Edmunda was the first principal, and she remained at the school until 1961. In that same year a new gymnasium was added to the facilities.

In 1962 the school accepted students up to Grade 9 - the enrolment being approximately 450 students. In 1965 Sister Norah Keane was appointed principal and held the position for 14 years. Partial aid was granted to the school in 1977, and the school came under the auspices of the Ministry of Education.

Independent school status
St. Patrick's Elementary School is classified as a Group 1 school under British Columbia's Independent School Act. It receives 50% funding from the Ministry of Education. The school receives no funding for capital costs. It is under charge of the Catholic Independent Schools of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Victoria.

Academic departments

Mathematics
Performing Arts
Social Studies
Catholic theology
English
Humanities
Information technologies
Languages
Science
Physical Education
Visual Arts

Athletic performance

School teams

Soccer
Volleyball
Track & Field
Basketball
Cross Country
T.H.A.S.T. (Thursday afternoon sports training every week in the spring with a variety of sports to choose from ranging from Rock Climbing to Sailing)
Badminton
Mountain Biking
Swimming

Artistic performance

Performing arts

Drama
Concert Choir
Concert Band

Visual arts

Art
Photography

References

External links
 St. Patrick's Elementary School

Catholic elementary schools in British Columbia
Private schools in British Columbia
Educational institutions established in 1956
1956 establishments in British Columbia
Elementary schools in Victoria, British Columbia


title: White–Turner–Sanford House

text:
The White–Turner–Sanford House is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama, USA. It was built in 1827 by James White, a merchant from Virginia, on land purchased from LeRoy Pope. The home has had numerous owners through the years including John H. Lewis, mayor from 1826 to 1828, and state representative George W. Lane. Originally a one-story Federal-style house, a two-story Greek Revival addition was built in 1858. The original part of the house consists of a center-hall main block with an ell. It is built of brick laid in common bond, with a gable roof. A portico supported by four thin columns covers the main entrance, which has a four-panel transom. Windows on the main block are the original rectangular sashes, except the windows on the façade which were modified with segmental arched tops to match the addition. The original portion contains a hall flanked by a parlor and reception room, with two bedrooms behind the parlor. A porch, kitchen and bath filling in the ell were added after the Civil War. The addition has a study and dining room on the ground floor and two bedrooms above.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.  It has been converted into a financial planning office.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Federal architecture in Alabama
Greek Revival houses in Alabama
Houses completed in 1827
Houses in Huntsville, Alabama
1827 establishments in Alabama


title: Murderworld (comics)

text:
Murderworld is a fictional amusement park appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Murderworld was designed by the supervillain known as Arcade as a place to sadistically murder others via using carnival-themed robotics and traps, in some ways this makes it similar to a Circus of Fear archetype but it is specifically designed to be an execution camp.

Publication history
Murderworld first appeared in Marvel Team-Up #66 (February, 1978).

Fictional history
Rather than being a single location, Murderworld is the name given to the fairground/amusement park style deathtrap used by the assassin-for-hire Arcade. Utilizing sophisticated robotic and holographic systems, Arcade has frequently pitted various superheroes against Murderworld, sometimes for money and sometimes merely for the challenge. Arcade has built Murderworlds under Manhattan, on a Caribbean island, in Antarctica, in England, and numerous other locations around the world.

First Murderworld
The first known Murderworld was built underground beneath an amusement park in Manhattan. A large portion of this Murderworld was a large scale pinball machine used as a prelude to shake up his victims, but it also contained trapdoors, mazes, booby traps, and a variety of killer robotics.

When the Maggia hired Arcade as an assassin, Spider-Man, Captain Britain and his love interest Courtney Ross became the first visitors to Murderworld. Although they escaped and destroyed a large portion of Murderworld, Arcade vowed to rebuild it bigger and better than before.

Hired by Black Tom and Juggernaut, Arcade was able to capture the X-Men off the streets of New York City to have them battle inside Murderworld. With some effort, the X-Men were able to escape and rescue Colleen Wing, Betsy Wilford, and Amanda Sefton, who had been captured alongside them.

When Arcade was captured by Doctor Doom, the reserve X-Men Iceman, Havok, Polaris and Banshee travelled to Murderworld to rescue several hostages taken by Arcade's aide Ms. Locke. Despite Ms. Locke and Mr. Chamber's efforts, the X-Men were again able to escape. Mystique later made a deal with Arcade to use Murderworld as training ground for her Brotherhood of Mutants. Shadowcat and Colossus found themselves trapped in Murderworld once when Arcade recruited them to save his life from Doctor Doom. However, Doom was revealed to a robot controlled by Miss Locke, who was allowed to try and kill Arcade on his birthday. Nightcrawler had to infiltrate Murderworld once when Arcade abducted and trapped Judith Rassendyl, the heiress to the royal throne of Ruritania. The original X-Factor had to brave the hazards Murderworld once to save the mutant son of Arcade's therapist. Courtney Ross was later again trapped in Murderworld, but she managed to escape death thanks to Excalibur's help and her own newly discovered talent at improvised comedy.

X-Force
After leaving Camp Verde, Cable and Domino decided to use Arcade's abandoned Murderworld as the new base of operations for X-Force. Murderworld provided a secure base and training area underground, but still offered access to Manhattan making an ideal headquarters. Not long after X-Force took up residency in Murderworld, Arcade remotely detonated explosives hidden within it, destroying most of the structure.

New Warriors
When Night Thrasher reformed the New Warriors with depowered mutants, he used the abandoned Murderworld as their base of operation. Together Night Thrasher, Kaz and Grace rebuild and converted the Murderworld mechanics into a new Danger Room for the new New Warriors to train.

Sentience
Years later, Kitty Pryde and Vision were trapped in the remains of this original Murderworld. They were brought there by the Murderworld mainframe, which had gained sentience and wanted to commit suicide.

Doorway to Destiny
When working with the Crazy Gang, Arcade kidnapped Courtney Ross because she escaped from his previous Murderworld. Arcade created a theatre and Wonderland inspired Murderworld called The Doorway to Destiny. However, Courtney Ross was rescued by Excalibur. Captain Britain and Shadowcat continued to have multiple run-ins with Arcade and his Murderworld.

Mutant Town
To kill Rictor and destroy X-Factor Investigations, the former Purifiers Mr. Taylor hired Arcade to build a Murderworld  inside the closed Power Plant bar in the heart of Mutant Town. Although the members of X-Factor escaped, this Murderworld led to the complete destruction of Mutant Town.

Murder Island
Using robot disguised as Kraven the Hunter, Arcade and White Rabbit captured Wolverine and Black Cat and released them on Murder Island where they were hunted by several millionaires who paid for the opportunity to hunt the world's most dangerous game. After destroying the Kraven robot and facing many of the island's perils, Wolverine and Black Cat escape and capture Arcade and White Rabbit, and, as revenge, they leave the pair stranded in the Savage Land.

Years later, Arcade gave this island to Miss Coriander, who renamed the isle Coriander Island.

Nightmare Team-Up
When Arcade's assassination business began to suffer because of Deadpool stealing his customers, Arcade teamed-up with Nightmare to get revenge. Nightmare agreed to help Arcade create a virtual reality/dream realm Murderworld as long as Hercules would also be a prisoner. Together they created a labyrinth, but Deadpool was able to awake from the dream state by plunging a knife into his head severing the two hemispheres of his brain.

Warehouse Murderworld
To demonstrate his Murderworld arsenal to potential clients and to restore his reputation, Arcade captured the students from the Avengers Academy and the Young Allies from New York City and pitted them against his Murderworld. Fortunately, by working together, the young heroes were able escape.

Concert
Following the events of Necrosha, Arcade was hired by Mortis to capture her sister, Dazzler. To capture her, Arcade designed a concert hall and attacked her with robots versions of powerful supervillains. Although Arcade escaped, Mortis was captured.

Toy Store
Arcade once opened a toy store in New York City with Impossible Man where he sold lethal toys to unsuspecting customers. The Human Torch, Franklin Richards, and Leech battled Arcade's toys and closed his store.

Arena Murder World
After realizing he was a joke among the super villain community and hitting rock bottom, Arcade decided to build massive island arena underground in Antarctica with the assistance of Miss Coriander. With the designs of the arena completed, Arcade exercised total control over the environment and terrain of his new Arena Murderworld.

As the next part of his plan, he kidnapped sixteen superpowered teens and forced them into a 30-day game of kill or be killed. Unbeknownst the participants, their every move was being filmed. Several individuals died including Mettle, Red Raven, Juston Seyfert, Kid Briton, Nara, and Apex while the survivors were left physically, emotionally, and psychologically scared. The survivors vowed to never share the secrets of their experience in Murderworld with anyone. However, Arcade released his footage of Murderworld onto the internet making the survivors reluctant celebrities.

Massacrer Casino
After releasing the videos of his Arena Murderworld, Arcade went into hiding in Bagalia as revealed in the pages of Avengers Undercover. To pass time and raise funds, Arcade opened the Massacrer Casino where wealthy individuals can engage in a game of kill or be killed. This lasted until some of the survivors of Arena Murderworld tracked him down, and Hazmat killed him (this was later revealed to have been a clone of Arcade that was created by the Masters of Evil while the real Arcade was imprisoned in Bagalia by them).

Dungeon Murderworld

Realizing that mercenaries have less to fight for than heroes who always escape his traps, Arcade put out an add for them and lured them into a castle-dungeon role playing situation. Most notably Gwenpool and her friends Batrock the leaper, MegaTony, and the Terrible Eye (a.k.a. Sarah), a group of mutant-frog mercenaries Batroc worked with once (much to his chagrin), and Deadpool (referred to as "The Unkillable beast" and wearing a green Robinhood style cap). Things went downhill quickly however since Gwen was a geek back in her home world and thus knew all the tricks of working her way through an RPG with record speed, especially after she killed the shopkeeper-robot who offered to sell them dungeon raiding equipment and just took what she wanted, including their own gear. A good thing since Deadpool and, according to Arcade, many other mercenaries had been trapped and died there over a long period of time. After a brief misunderstanding with Deadpool she quickly led him and her team to Arcade's hiding place and took him down.

Miscellaneous

At one time, Arcade experimented with what he called "video murder machines". He would use a light beam to remotely capture his targets who would be recreated in a virtual Video Game environment. On the one instance that these machines were depicted, Arcade was attempting to abduct the X-Men, but instead, unknowingly abducted four of the Micronauts, a team with whom he was unfamiliar but nevertheless regarding it as an opportunity to test his video murder machines. Arcturus Rann, Devil, Microtorn, and Nanotron were digitally transported to an individual virtual world which resembled popular video games of the time.  The Micronauts were eventually able to escape when Microtron hacked into the system, although Arcade would himself escape. The method in which they were abducted and the nature of this environment is reminiscent of the then recent 1982 film Tron.

Former residents
 Arcade
 Miss Locke
 Mr. Chambers
 Miss Coriander
 X-Force
 Domino
 Cable (Nathan Summers)
 Rictor (Julio Richter)
 Boomer (Tabby Smith)
 Cannonball (Sam Guthrie)
 Shatterstar (Gaveedra Seven)
 Warpath (Jimmy Proudstar)
 Siryn (Terry Rourke)
 New Warriors
Wondra (Jubilation Lee)
 Skybolt (Vincent Stewart)
 Blackwing (Barnell Bohusk)
 Ripcord (Miranda Leevald)
 Night Thrasher
 Tempest
Decibel
 Longstrike (Christine Cord)
 Phaser (Christian Cord)
 Grace
 Kaz
 Renaissance
 Aja
 Avengers Academy
 Hazmat
 X-23 (Laura Kinney)
 Reptil
 Mettle (Ken Mack)
 Juston Seyfert
 Juston's Sentinel
 Runaways
 Nico Minoru
 Chase Stein
 Darkhawk (Chris Powell)
 Cammi
 Death Locket
 Braddock Academy
 Anachronism (Aiden)
 Nara
 Apex (Katy Bashir)/Tim Bashir
 Cullen Bloodstone
 Kid Briton (Brian Braddock)
 Red Raven (Dania)

Other versions

Ultimate Universe
In the Ultimate Marvel reality, Murderworld is a first-person shooter video game designed by Arcade and the source of his fortune.

Age of X
In the Age of X reality, Alcatraz Island was a prison for dangerous mutants. Governor Harcourt Teesdale served as the director-governor. Known to his inmates as Arcade, he created mutant-themed attractions to torture and punish prisoners, which earned Alcatraz the nickname "Murderworld". A mutant named the Basilisk was used as an unwilling executioner for years until he was able to escape, murder Arcade, and free the mutants imprisoned there.

Deadpool Kills the Marvel Universe
When Deadpool started a super human killing spree, he captured and forced Arcade to build him a new Murderworld with deadlier traps than ever in order to kill the X-Men.

In other media

Television
 An alternate version of Murderworld appears in the X-Men: Evolution episode "Fun and Games".  Webber Torque (or "Arcade", as he calls himself), a student from Bayville High School, manages to infiltrate the Xavier Institute's Danger Room; and, mistakenly believing it to be a video game simulation, he alters it into a Murderworld.
 Murderworld appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Game Over." Here, it has been named Madland. Spider-Man, Captain America, and Wolverine are forced to traverse through Madland in order to get to Arcade and prevent him from starting World War III.
 Murderworld appears in the M.O.D.O.K. episode "O, Were Blood Thicker Than Robot Juice!" After kidnapping MODOK's family, Arcade and the young, time-displaced version of MODOK bring them to Murderworld. When MODOK arrives to rescue them, he finds both his family and multiple robotic copies, with Arcade and the younger MODOK forcing the family to kill each other's copies until only one version of themselves is left. Ultimately, the family is able to kill their copies, with the exception of a single robot copy of MODOK's son Lou, kill the younger MODOK (actually a robot copy), and escape Murderworld.

Video games
 Murderworld is the setting for X-Men: Madness in Murderworld, a single-player side-scrolling arcade game developed by Paragon Software in 1989.
 Murderworld appears in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. When the heroes used Doctor Strange's Orb of Teleportation to travel to Castle Doom, they were diverted by Baron Mordo to Murderworld where they arrived in a fake Castle Doom. It was also revealed that Arcade has Senator Robert Kelly in Murderworld and Jean Grey was shown to be under Arcade's mind-control when found in a tent. The heroes fought their way through Rhino and Shocker where they end up fighting Arcade in his Arcade-Bot. Some of the Simulation Disks take place in Murderworld. In Deadpool's disk, Arcade is irritated greatly by Deadpool's refusal to accept that Murderworld isn't a normal theme park, and forces the mercenary to fight Dark Spider-Man (who Arcade referred to as his creation). In Black Panther's disk, Arcade threatens Black Panther to give the secret codes to Wakanda's vibranium facility and forces Black Panther to fight Dark Captain America. Storm's disk has her fight against Hussa in Murderworld. The versus Mysterio simulator take place in Murderworld. Mister Fantastic's disk has his fight against Bulldozer in Murderworld.
 Murderworld is a location in the mobile game Marvel Snap. Marvel characters who stay at the Murderworld location get destroyed at the end of turn 3.

References

Characters created by Archie Goodwin (comics)
Fictional technology
Fictional murderers
Marvel Comics locations
X-Men
Holography in fiction


title: Thompson Elk Fountain

text:
Thompson Elk Fountain, also known as the David P. Thompson Fountain, David P. Thompson Monument, Elk Fountain, the Thompson Elk, or simply Elk, is a historic fountain and bronze sculpture by American artist Roland Hinton Perry. The fountain with its statue was donated to the city of Portland, Oregon, United States, in 1900 for display in Downtown Portland's Plaza Blocks. It is owned by the City of Portland.

The monument became a gathering place for demonstrations by George Floyd protesters, who lit several fires in the troughs along the base in July 2020. The damaged bronze elk statue was removed for cleaning and safekeeping on July 2, 2020. The stone fountain was removed on July 17, 2020, after RACC determined there was severe damage to the stone and basin of the fountain.

Description
Elk, formerly installed on Southwest Main between 3rd and 4th Avenues between Chapman Square and Lownsdale Square in Portland's Plaza Blocks, features a bronze sculpture of an elk, resting on a granite base within an octagon-shaped basin. The statue and base are  tall; the basin measures approximately 3 ft. 3 in. x 25 ft. x 8 ft.

History

The monument was designed by Roland Hinton Perry, the sculptor of the Court of Neptune Fountain at the Library of Congress and Commonwealth, the statue atop the dome of the Pennsylvania State Capitol. The fountain and bronze sculpture was donated by former Portland mayor David P. Thompson in 1900 to commemorate the elk that once lived in the area.

The project was completed within a budget of $20,000 under the direction of designer E.G. Wright. Constructed of Barre Granite, the fountain design specified a  diameter and  high base. Wright had planned to complete the monument in time for a Fourth of July dedication to coincide with a city street carnival, but delays from removing nearby trees, widening Main Street, and connecting city water pipe forced Wright to delay completion of the monument. The  Elk was lifted into position in late August, and the Thompson Fountain was finished the first week of September 1900. A carnival sponsored by the Portland Elks Club began that week, and The Oregonian informed its readers, "this is not a carnival elk."  According to the city, the Exalted Order of Elks refused to dedicate it because they considered the statue "a monstrosity of art." A reporter for The Oregonian in 2020 explained that, "part of the problem might have been that [the Perry sculpture] didn't quite capture the animal found in Oregon's wilds," as it depicts neither an Olympic elk nor a Rocky Mountain elk.

In 1974, Thompson's Elk and the Plaza Blocks were designated as Historic Landmarks by the city's Historic Landmarks Commission, under the name David P. Thompson Fountain. The sculpture appeared in Gus Van Sant's 1991 film My Own Private Idaho, where the elk was shown with a rider on it. The artwork was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993. The sculpture appears on the cover art for Portland band Agalloch's 2002 record, The Mantle.

Vandalism and removal

The elk was vandalized many times. It was vandalized during the Occupy Portland protest (2011), and had its antlers repaired in early 2012. The statue was tagged with anti-Trump messages in 2016.

On July 1, 2020, during the George Floyd protests, people protesting police violence built bonfires in two planter boxes beneath the elk statue.  The resulting structural damage to the granite base supporting the sculpture was deemed a safety hazard by the Regional Arts & Culture Council (RACC).  The city removed the damaged bronze elk sculpture for cleaning on July 2. After RACC determined that the stone and basin of the fountain were severely damaged, it was removed on July 17. The status of the Elk fountain remained to be determined. Following the deployment of federal forces to Portland, it was reported that as of July 30, the bare mound where the statue once stood remained a site of activity, with demonstrators arguing for and against its continued use for bonfires.  In late August, the statue was being kept "safely in storage".

Reinstallation
In February 2022, city officials confirmed plans to reinstall the statue on Main Street by early 2023.

See also

 1900 in art
 Elkhorn, Lee Kelly's 1979 deer sculpture at Portland's Catlin Gabel School
 Fountain for Company H (1914), also located in the Plaza Blocks
 List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
 Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument (1906), also located in the Plaza Blocks

References

External links

 Public Art Search: Elk, Regional Arts & Culture Council
 The Thompson Elk, after 111 years, has seen it all – including Occupy Portland by John Terry (November 19, 2011), The Oregonian
 Experts Critique Portland's Most Famous Public Art, by Joe Streckert (December 9, 1015), Portland Monthly

1900 establishments in Oregon
1900 sculptures
Animal monuments
Animal sculptures in Oregon
Bronze sculptures in Oregon
Sculptures of deer
Fountains in Portland, Oregon
Granite sculptures in Oregon
Monuments and memorials in Portland, Oregon
Monuments and memorials in the United States removed during the George Floyd protests
Outdoor sculptures in Portland, Oregon
Plaza Blocks
Portland Historic Landmarks
Relocated buildings and structures in Oregon
Sculptures by Roland Hinton Perry
Statues in Portland, Oregon
Vandalized works of art in Oregon
Statues removed in 2020