title: Russian gay propaganda law

text:
The Russian federal law "for the Purpose of Protecting Children from Information Advocating a Denial of Traditional Family Values", also referred to in English-language media as Russia's gay propaganda law or anti-gay law, is a bill that was unanimously approved by the State Duma on 11 June 2013 (with just one MP abstaining—Ilya Ponomarev), then unanimously approved by the Federation Council on 27 June 2013 and was signed into law by President Vladimir Putin on 30 June 2013.

The Russian government's stated purpose for the law is to protect children from being exposed to homosexuality—condemn presenting homosexuality as being a norm in society—under the argument that it contradicts traditional family values. The statute amended the country's child protection law and the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, to prohibit the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" among minors. This definition includes materials that "raises interest in" such relationships, cause minors to "form non-traditional sexual predispositions", or "[present] distorted ideas about the equal social value of traditional and non-traditional sexual relationships." Businesses and organizations can also be forced to temporarily cease operations if convicted under the law, and foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported.

The Kremlin's backing of the law appealed to the Russian nationalist far-right. The law was condemned by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe (of which Russia was a member at the time of the bill's approval), by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child and by human rights groups, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The statute was criticized for its broad and ambiguous wording (including the aforementioned "raises interest in" and "among minors"), which many critics characterized as being an effective ban on publicly promoting the rights and culture of the LGBT community. The law was also criticized for leading to an increase and justification of homophobic violence, while the implications of the laws in relation to the then-upcoming Winter Olympics being hosted by Sochi were also cause for concern, as the Olympic Charter contains language explicitly barring various forms of discrimination.

In December 2022, an amendment to the propaganda law was signed into law by Putin, prohibiting the distribution of propaganda of non-traditional relationships among any age group. It also prohibits the distribution of materials that promote gender dysphoria among minors.

Background

Despite the fact that the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg have been well known for their thriving LGBT communities, there has been growing opposition towards gay rights among politicians since 2006. The city of Moscow has actively refused to authorize gay pride parades, and former Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov supported the city's refusal to authorize the first two Moscow Pride events, describing them as "satanic" and blaming western groups for spreading "this kind of enlightenment" in the country. Social democratic Fair Russia member of parliament Alexander Chuev was also opposed to gay rights and attempted to introduce a similar "propaganda" law in 2007. In response, prominent LGBT rights activist and Moscow Pride founder Nikolay Alexeyev disclosed on the television talk show К барьеру! that Chuev had been publicly involved in same-sex relationships prior to his time in office.

In 2010, Russia was fined by the European Court of Human Rights under allegations by Alexeyev that cities were discriminating against gays by refusing to approve pride parades. Although claiming a risk of violence, the court interpreted the decisions as being in support of groups which oppose such demonstrations. In March 2012, a Russian judge blocked the establishment of a Pride House in Sochi for the 2014 Winter Olympics, ruling that it would "undermine the security of Russian society", and that it contradicted with public morality and policies "in the area of family motherhood and childhood protection." In August 2012, Moscow upheld a ruling blocking Nikolay Alexeyev's requests for 100 years' worth of permission to hold Moscow Pride annually, citing the possibility of public disorder.

The bill "On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development" introduced laws which prohibited the distribution of "harmful" material among minors. This includes content which "may elicit fear, horror, or panic in children" among minors, pornography, along with materials which glorify violence, unlawful activities, substance abuse, or self-harm. An amendment to the law passed in 2012 instituted a mandatory content rating system for material distributed through an "information and telecommunication network" (covering television and the internet), and established a blacklist for censoring websites which contain child pornography or content glorifying drug abuse and suicide.

The 2013 amendment, which added "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" as a class of harmful content under the law was, according to the Government of Russia, intended to protect children from being exposed to content that portrays homosexuality as being a "behavioural norm". Emphasis was placed upon a goal to protect "traditional" family values; bill author Yelena Mizulina (the chair of the Duma's Committee on Family, Women, and Children, who has been described by some as a "moral crusader"), argued that "traditional" relations between a man and a woman required special protection under Russian law. The amendment also expanded upon similar laws enacted by several Russian regions, including Ryazan, Arkhangelsk (who repealed its law shortly after the passing of the federal version), and Saint Petersburg.

Mark Gevisser writes that the Kremlin's backing of the law was reflective of a "dramatic tilt toward homophobia" in Russia that began in the years preceding the law's passage. Gevisser writes that the law's passage allowed the Russian government to find "common ground" with the nationalist far right, and also appeal to the many Russians who view "homosexuality as a sign of encroaching decadence in a globalized era." He writes: "Many Russians feel they can steady themselves against this cultural tsunami by laying claim to 'traditional values,' of which rejection of homosexuality is the easiest shorthand. This message plays particularly well for a government wishing to mobilize against demographic decline (childless homosexuals are evil) and cozy up to the Russian Orthodox Church (homosexuals with children are evil)." Human Rights Watch noted that Putin's enactment of the law allowed him to pander to socially conservative voters at home and "position Russia as a champion of so-called 'traditional values'" on the global stage.

Contents
Article 1 of the bill amended On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development with a provision classifying "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" as a class of materials that must not be distributed among minors. The term is defined as materials that are "[aimed] at causing minors to form non-traditional sexual predispositions, notions of attractiveness of non-traditional sexual relationships, distorted ideas about the equal social value of traditional and non-traditional sexual relationships, or imposing information about non-traditional sexual relationships which raises interest in such relationships insofar as these acts do not amount to a criminal offence."

Article 2 makes similar amendments to "On basic guarantees for the rights of the child in the Russian Federation", commanding the government to protect children from such material.

Article 3 of the bill amended the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses with Article 6.21, which prescribes penalties for violations of the propaganda ban: Russian citizens found guilty can receive fines of up to 5,000 rubles, and public officials can receive fines of up to 50,000 rubles. Organizations or businesses can be fined up to 1 million rubles and be forced to cease operations for up to 90 days. Foreigners may be arrested and detained for up to 15 days then deported, or fined up to 5,000 rubles and deported. The fines for individuals are much higher if the offense was committed using mass media or internet.

Reaction

According to a survey conducted in June 2013 by the state-owned All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (also known as VTsIOM), at least 90 percent of Russians surveyed were in favour of the law. Over 100 conservative groups worldwide signed a petition in support for the law, with Larry Jacobs, manager of the World Congress of Families, supporting its aim to "prohibit advocacy aimed at involving minors in a lifestyle that would imperil their physical and moral health." President of Russia Vladimir Putin answered to early objections to the then-proposed bill in April 2013 by stating that "I want everyone to understand that in Russia there are no infringements on sexual minorities' rights. They're people, just like everyone else, and they enjoy full rights and freedoms". He went on to say that he fully intended to sign the bill because the Russian people demanded it. As he put it, "Can you imagine an organization promoting pedophilia in Russia? I think people in many Russian regions would have started to take up arms.... The same is true for sexual minorities: I can hardly imagine same-sex marriages being allowed in Chechnya. Can you imagine it? It would have resulted in human casualties." Putin also mentioned that he was concerned about Russia's low birth rate, as same-sex relationships do not produce children. In August 2013, Russian Sports Minister Vitaly Mutko also defended the law, equating it to protecting children from content that glorifies alcohol abuse or drug addiction. He also argued that the controversy over the law and its effects was "invented" by the Western media.

Criticism
The passing of the law was met with major international backlash, especially from the Western world, as critics considered it an attempt to effectively ban the promotion of LGBT rights and culture in the country. Article 19 disputed the claimed intent of the law, and felt that many of the terms used within were too ambiguous, such as the aforementioned "non-traditional sexual relationships", and "raises interest in". The organization argued that it "feasibly could apply to any information regarding sexual orientation or gender identity that does not fit with what the State considers as in-line with 'tradition'." The term "among minors" was also criticized as being ambiguous, since it is unclear whether it refers to being in the presence of minors, or any place where minors could be present. They argued that "predicting the presence of children in any space, on-line or off-line, is quite impossible and is a variable that the proponent of any expression will rarely be in absolute control of."

The law was condemned by human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon indirectly criticized the law. LGBT rights activists, human rights activists, and other critics stated that the broad and vague wording of the law, which was characterized as a ban on gay propaganda by the media, made it a crime to publicly make statements or distribute materials in support of LGBT rights, hold pride parades or similar demonstrations, state that gay relationships are equal to heterosexual relationships, or according to Human Rights Campaign (HRC) president Chad Griffin, even display LGBT symbols such as the rainbow flag or kiss a same-sex partner in public. The first arrest made under the law involved a person who publicly protested with a sign containing a pro-LGBT message.

The legislation reportedly led to an increase in violence against LGBT people in Russia. Russian LGBT Network chairman Igor Kochetkov argued that the law "[has] essentially legalised violence against LGBT people, because these groups of hooligans justify their actions with these laws," supported by their belief that gays and lesbians are "not valued as a social group" by the federal government. Reports surfaced of activity by groups such as 'Occupy Paedophilia' and 'Parents of Russia', who lured alleged "paedophiles" into "dates" where they were tortured and humiliated. In August 2013, it was reported that a gay teenager was kidnapped, tortured, and killed by a group of Russian Neo-Nazis. Violence also increased during pro-gay demonstrations; on 29 July 2013, a gay pride demonstration at Saint Petersburg's Field of Mars resulted in a violent clash between activists, protesters, and police.

In January 2014, a letter, co-written by chemist Sir Harry Kroto and actor Sir Ian McKellen and co-signed by 27 Nobel laureates from the fields of science and the arts, was sent to Vladimir Putin urging him to repeal the propaganda law as it "inhibits the freedom of local and foreign LGBT communities." In February 2014, the activist group Queer Nation announced a planned protest in New York City outside the Russian consulate on 6 February 2014, timed to coincide with the opening ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics. The same day, gay rights group All Out similarly coordinated worldwide protests in London, New York City, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro. On 8 February 2014, a flash mob was held in Cambridge, England featuring same-sex couples embracing and hugging, as part of a video project known as "From Russia With Love".

The TV documentary Stephen Fry: Out There explored gay rights and homophobia in numerous countries in the world, including Russia. In it, Stephen Fry interviews a lesbian couple who discuss their fears that simply being out to their 16-year-old daughter and her friends could be taken as breaking this law, due to the law's prohibition "on anyone disseminating information about homosexuality to under 18s". The LGBT news magazine The Advocate described the law as criminalising "any positive discussion of LGBT people, identities, or issues in forums that might be accessible to minors. In practice, the law has given police broad license to interpret almost any mention of being LGBT—whether uttered, printed, or signified by waving a rainbow flag—as just cause to arrest LGBT people." The US State Department in its 2013 report on human rights in Russia noted the clarification from Roskomnadzor (the Russian Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Telecom, Information Technologies and Mass Communications) that the "gay propaganda" prohibited under the law includes materials which "directly or indirectly approve of people who are in nontraditional sexual relationships." One couple interviewed by Fry said: "Of course we are afraid because we really don't know what's going to happen next in the country. ... You just don't know if they can incarcerate you tomorrow for something or not." Fry also interviewed politician Vitaly Milonov, the original proponent of the law, whose attempts to defend it have been strongly criticized; Milonov responded branding Fry as "sick" for making a suicide attempt while filming the documentary in an interview in which he also compared homosexuality with bestiality.

Incompatibility with the European Convention of Human Rights
There is a general consensus that the law violates the European Convention of Human Rights, which Russia ratified. In the 2017 case Bayev and Others v. Russia brought by three Russian LGBT activists following their convictions under local anti-propaganda laws, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the laws in question violated the applicants' freedom of speech and right not to be discriminated against in the exercise of Convention rights. The court found that "the authorities reinforce[d] stigma and prejudice and encourage[d] homophobia, which is incompatible with the notions of equality, pluralism and tolerance in a democratic society".

The Council of Europe's advisory body on constitutional law, the Venice Commission, passed a resolution in 2013 stating that bans on "propaganda of homosexuality" "are incompatible with ECHR and international human rights standards" for several reasons. First, these bans were worded too vaguely to satisfy the requirement in Article 10 ECHR that limits on freedom of expression must be "prescribed by law". Second, "homosexuality as a variation of sexual orientation, is protected under the ECHR and as such, cannot be deemed contrary to morals by public authorities, in the sense of Article 10 § 2 of The ECHR". Third, the laws only target "propaganda of homosexuality" but not "propaganda of heterosexuality", which amounts to discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation under Article 14 ECHR.

Effects on the level of hate crime against LGBTQ
A number of research projects and NGOs reported that the introduction of the "gay propaganda law" affected the level of hate crimes against LGBTQ in Russia. Three organizations published data on LGBTQ hate crime (2 Russian NGOs - LGBT Initiative Group Stimul and SOVA Center and 1 international organization - OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights – ODIHR). Their combined statistics shows an increase in the level of such incidents after 2013.

Similarly, the research project has established that homophobic violence is on the rise in Russia after the "gay propaganda" law. Hate crimes against LGBTQ existed before 2013, but the level of violence increased significantly after the introduction of the discriminatory legislation. The increase was recorded in the following year, and remained on a higher level throughout the decade. It was reported that between 2010 and 2020 the project identified 1056 hate crimes committed against 853 individuals, with 365 fatalities. The number of crimes after the "gay propaganda" law was enacted is three times higher than before (46 in 2010 compared to 138 in 2015).

Except the quantitative increase in the number of hate crime against LGBTQ, there is also a qualitative change that might be attributed to the "gay propaganda law". After 2013 the crimes against gay people became more violent - research shows that 67% of hate crime incidents have indications of "extreme violence". Additionally, the crimes became more elaborate, there were more premeditated crimes, committed with preparation (oftentimes by a group of perpetrators) - for 3 years in a row (2017, 2018, 2019) there was an increase in organized hate crimes against LGBTQ, attributed to the activity of homophobic hate groups. "It means that there is a specific type of hate crime that was enabled after 2013 and it has a long-lasting effect that only ceased at the end of the decade. For a period of time, most of the hate crimes against LGBTQ were the ones that were committed with preparation, including a purposeful selection of a homosexual target."

Protests
A number of protests were held against the law, both locally and internationally. Activists demonstrated outside New York City's Lincoln Center at the opening night of the Metropolitan Opera on 23 September 2013, which was set to feature Tchaikovsky's opera Eugene Onegin. The protests targeted Tchaikovsky's own homosexuality, and the involvement of two Russians in the production; soprano Anna Netrebko and conductor Valery Gergiev, as they were identified as vocal supporters of Putin's government.

On 12 October 2013, the day following National Coming Out Day, a protest organized by at least 15 activists was held in Saint Petersburg. The protest site was occupied by a large number of demonstrators, some of whom were dressed as Russian Orthodox priests and Cossacks. In total, 67 protestors were arrested for creating a public disturbance.

Activists also called for a boycott of Stolichnaya vodka, who had prominently branded itself as a Russian vodka (going as far as to dub itself "[the] Mother of All Vodkas from The Motherland of Vodka" in an ad campaign). However, its Luxembourg-based parent company, Soiuzplodoimport, responded to the boycott effort, noting that the company was not technically Russian, did not support the government's opinion on homosexuality, and described itself as a "fervent supporter and friend" of LGBT people.

Proposed similar laws in Kyrgyzstan
In 2014, a bill modeled after the Russian anti-gay law was proposed in the parliament of Kyrgyzstan; the measure, which "drew a welter of criticism from multiple rights groups, governments, the United Nations Human Rights Council and the European parliament," would provide for even harsher penalties than the Russian law. The bill passed its first two readings by wide margins (79–7 and then 90–2) but faltered after two of the legislation's lead sponsors failed to win reelection. In 2016, the legislation was again raised in parliament, but was held up in subcommittee.

Prosecutions and other effects
The first arrest made under the propaganda law occurred just hours after it was passed: 24-year-old activist Dmitry Isakov was arrested in Kazan for publicly holding a sign reading "Freedom to the Gays and Lesbians of Russia. Down With Fascists and Homophobes", and ultimately fined 4,000 rubles (US$115). Isakov had performed a similar protest in the same location the previous day as a "test" run, but was later caught in an altercation with police officers who targeted his pro-gay activism, and arrested him for swearing. He would be released without charge, but pledged to return there the next day to show that he would "not be cowed by such pressure." Isakov also claimed that he had been fired from his job at a bank as a result of the conviction.

In December 2013, Nikolay Alexeyev and Yaroslav Yevtushenko were fined 4,000 rubles for picketing outside a children's library in Arkhangelsk with banners reading, "Gays aren't made, they're born!" Their appeal was denied.

In January 2014, Alexander Suturin, editor-in-chief of the Khabarovsk newspaper Molodoi Dalnevostochnik, was fined 50,000 rubles (US$1,400) for publishing a news story discussing the teacher Alexander Yermoshkin, who had been fired for self-admittedly holding "rainbow flash mobs" in Khabarovsk with his students, and was subsequently attacked by right-wing extremists because of his sexuality. The fine centred around a quote in the article by the teacher, who stated that his very existence was "effective proof that homosexuality is normal."

Elena Klimova has been charged under the law multiple times for operating Children-404—an online support group for LGBT youth on the social networking services VKontakte and Facebook. The first of these charges was overturned in February 2014, after a court ruled in consultation with a mental health professional that the group "helps teenagers exploring their sexuality to deal with difficult emotional issues and other problems that they may encounter", and that these activities did not constitute "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" as defined under the law. In January 2015, Klimova was sent to court for the same charges. They were overturned on appeal, only for the same court to convict Kilmova and issue a fine of 50,000 rubles in July 2015, pending an appeal.

In November 2014, one day after current Apple Inc. CEO Tim Cook publicly announced that he was proud of being gay, it was reported that an iPhone-shaped memorial honoring its late co-founder Steve Jobs had been removed from a Saint Petersburg university campus by its installer, the West European Financial Union (ZEFS). It was alleged that the memorial was removed due to the law because it was in an area frequented by minors. In September 2015, Apple became the subject of an investigation by officials in Kirov for implementing emoji on its operating systems which depict same-sex relationships, over whether they may constitute a promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships to minors. Roskomnadzor later ruled that by themselves, emoji depicting same-sex couples did not constitute a violation of the propaganda law, as whether they have a positive or negative connotation depends on their actual context and usage.

In March 2018, Roskomnadzor ordered the prominent website Gay.ru to be blocked in the country due to the law.

Effects on sports

The 2013 World Championships in Athletics, held at Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium in August 2013, were overshadowed by comments and protests over the law by athletes. After winning a silver medal at the event, U.S. runner Nick Symmonds stated that "whether you're gay, straight, black, white, we all deserve the same rights. If there's anything I can do to champion the cause and further it, I will, shy of getting arrested." Swedish athletes Emma Green Tregaro and Moa Hjelmer painted their fingernails in rainbow colors as a symbolic protest. However, Tregaro was forced to re-paint them after they were deemed a political gesture that violated the rules of the IAAF. In response, she re-painted them red as a symbol of love. Russian pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva criticized Tregaro's gesture as being disrespectful to the host country, stating in a press conference that "we have our law which everyone has to respect. When we go to different countries, we try to follow their rules. We are not trying to set our rules over there. We are just trying to be respectful." After Isinbayeva's remarks attracted widespread criticism, she argued that her choice of words had been "misunderstood" due to poor English.

The implications of the law on Russia's hosting of two major international sporting events, the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi (where seven LGBT athletes, all female, were expected to compete) and the 2018 FIFA World Cup, were called into question. In the case of the World Cup, FIFA had recently established an anti-discrimination task force, and was also facing criticism for awarding the 2022 World Cup to the country of Qatar, where homosexuality is illegal; in August 2013, FIFA requested information from the Russian government on the law and its potential effects on the association football tournament. In the case of the Winter Olympics, critics considered the law to be inconsistent with the Olympic Charter, which states that "[discrimination] on grounds of race, religion, politics, gender or otherwise is incompatible with belonging to the Olympic Movement." In August 2013, the International Olympic Committee "received assurances from the highest level of government in Russia that the legislation will not affect those attending or taking part in the Games", and also received word that the government would abide by the Olympic Charter. The IOC also confirmed that it would enforce Rule 50 of the Olympic Charter, which forbids political protest, against athletes who make displays of support for the LGBT community at the Games. Vladimir Putin also made similar assurances prior to the Games, but warned LGBT attendees that they would still be subject to the law.

Athletes and supporters used the Olympics as leverage for further campaigns against the propaganda law. A number of athletes came out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual to spread awareness of the situation in Russia, including Australian snowboarder Belle Brockhoff, Canadian speed skater Anastasia Bucsis, gold medal figure skater Brian Boitano, and Finnish swimmer Ari-Pekka Liukkonen. There were also calls to boycott the Games, drawing comparisons to the Summer Olympics of 1980 in Moscow, the last time the Olympics were held on what is now Russian soil. A campaign known as Principle 6 was established in collaboration between a group of Olympic athletes, the organizations All Out and Athlete Ally, and clothing maker American Apparel, selling merchandise (such as clothing) with a quotation from the Olympic Charter to support pro-LGBT organizations. Toronto advertising copywriter Brahm Finkelstein also began to market a rainbow-coloured matryoshka doll set known as "Pride Dolls", designed by Italian artist Danilo Santino, to benefit the Gay and Lesbian International Sport Association, organizers of the World Outgames.

Action was leveraged directly against Olympic sponsors and partners as well; in late-August 2013, the Human Rights Campaign sent letters to the ten Worldwide Olympic Partner companies, urging them to show opposition towards anti-LGBT laws, denounce homophobic violence, ask the IOC to obtain written commitments for the safety of LGBT athletes and attendees, and oppose future Olympic bids from countries that outlaw support for LGBT equality. In February 2014, prior to the games, a group of 40 human rights organizations (including Athlete Ally, Freedom House, Human Rights Campaign, Human Rights Watch and Russian LGBT Network among others) also sent a joint letter to the Worldwide Olympic Partners, urging them to use their prominence to support the rights of LGBT athletes under the Olympic Charter, and pressure the IOC to show greater scrutiny towards the human rights abuses of future host countries. On 3 February 2014, USOC sponsor AT&T issued a statement in support of LGBT rights at the Games, becoming the first major Olympic advertiser to condemn the laws. Several major non-sponsors also made pro-LGBT statements to coincide with the opening of the Games; Google placed a quotation from the Olympic Charter and an Olympic-themed logo in the colours of the rainbow flag on its home page worldwide, while Channel 4 (who serves as the official British broadcaster of the Paralympics) adopted a rainbow-coloured logo and broadcast a "celebratory", pro-LGBT advert entitled "Gay Mountain" on 7 February 2014, alongside an interview with former rugby union player and anti-homophobia activist Ben Cohen. As part of its Dispatches series, Channel 4 had also broadcast a documentary during the week of the Opening Ceremony entitled Hunted, which documented the violence and abuse against LGBT people in Russia in the wake of the law.

Effects on video games
In May 2014, it was revealed that in accordance with the propaganda law, the computer game The Sims 4—a new installment in a life simulation game franchise published by Electronic Arts which has historically allowed characters to participate in same-sex relationships, and allowed players to give their characters a customised gender, had been given an "18+" rating, restricting its sale to adults only. In contrast, the pan-European ratings board PEGI has historically rated The Sims games as being suitable for those aged 12 and over.

In December 2016, the video game FIFA 17 (which is also published by Electronic Arts) was targeted for an event that allowed users to obtain rainbow-coloured shoelaces for their virtual footballers, in support of a pro-LGBT advocacy campaign backed by the English Premier League. MP Irina Rodnina stated that relevant authorities needed to "verify the possibility of distributing this game on the territory of the Russian Federation".

In December 2016, Blizzard Entertainment geo-blocked a tie-in web comic for its game Overwatch in Russia for containing a scene of the character Tracer, who was confirmed as being lesbian, kissing her partner, another woman. Blizzard cited the gay propaganda law as reasoning for the block. The game itself is not blocked in the country.

In February 2021, Miitopia received an 18+ rating due to the ability of same-sex Miis being able to form "relationships" with each other despite no actual sexual content whatsoever being present in the game.

Expansion of the propaganda law
In July 2022, Communist politician Nina Ostanina co-sponsored a bill that would ban "the denial of family values" and the promotion of "non-traditional sexual orientations." In an interview, she further stated that "a traditional family is a union of a man and woman, it’s children, it’s a multi-generational family."

In September 2022, at a political ceremony in which Russia formally annexed regions of Ukraine, Putin said: "Do we really want to have here, in our country, in Russia, 'Parent No. 1, No. 2, No. 3' instead of 'mom' and 'dad?' Do we really want perversions that lead to degradation and extinction to be imposed in our schools from the primary grades?"

On 27 October 2022, the State Duma unanimously passed a proposed bill that expands the gay propaganda law to cover any age group, instead of only minors. The bill also adds materials that give minors a "desire to change their sex", or constitute the promotion of "paedophilia", to the categories of materials covered by the law. The bill was unanimously passed by the Federation Council on 2 December 2022 and signed into law by Putin on 5 December 2022.

Deputy Secretary of the General Council of Putin's United Russia, Alexander Khinshtein, is one of the architects of anti-LGBT legislation that widens a prohibition of "LGBT propaganda" and restricts the "demonstration" of LGBT behaviour, saying, "LGBT today is an element of hybrid warfare and in this hybrid warfare we must protect our values, our society and our children."

Supporters of the bill consider it as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, seeking to protect the country from influence and indoctrination by liberal Western values. Konstantin Malofeev argued that "our enemy holds the propaganda of sodomy as the core of its influence". The bill has faced criticism from LGBT rights groups and other parties, who consider it to be a blanket ban on any pro-LGBT activity, and warned that it could result in the ban or censorship of advertising, films, and literature that include LGBT themes. It was also criticised for falsely associating homosexuality with pedophilia.

See also

Bayev and Others v. Russia
 Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics
 List of 2018 FIFA World Cup controversies
Hungarian anti-LGBT law

References

Further reading

2013 in Russia
Censorship in Russia
LGBT rights in Russia
LGBT-related legislation
Gay Propaganda Law
Homophobia
Censorship of LGBT issues
LGBT-related controversies in Russia
Conspiracy theories in Russia
June 2013 events in Russia
2013 in LGBT history
Anti-LGBT sentiment


title: List of mills in Leeds

text:
This is a list of the wool, cotton and other textile mills in Leeds, West Yorkshire.

Adel Cum Eccup (Leeds)

Esholt (Aireborough)

Hawksworth (Aireborough)

Armley (Leeds)

Beeston (Leeds)

Bramley (Leeds)

Calverley With Farsley (Pudsey)

Farnley (Leeds)

Guiseley

Headingley Cum Burley (Leeds)

Holbeck (Leeds)

Hunslet (Leeds)

Leeds

Morley

Otley (Aireborough; Otley)

Potter Newton (Leeds)

Pudsey

Rawdon (Aireborough)

Wortley (Leeds)

Yeadon (Aireborough)

References

Footnotes

The National Monument Record is a legacy numbering system maintained by English Heritage. Further details on each mill may be obtained from http://yorkshire.u08.eu/

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Buildings and structures in Leeds
Leeds
Leeds
Leeds
Leeds
History of Leeds
History of the textile industry in the United Kingdom
Industrial Revolution in England


title: Sudheer Karamana

text:
Sudheer Karamana (born 24 May 1971) is an Indian actor who appears mainly in Malayalam cinema. He is the son of actor Karamana Janardanan Nair.

Personal life
He is the eldest son to actor Karamana Janardanan Nair and Jaya, at Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram. He has two brothers Sunil and Sujay. He attended the Kendriya Vidyalaya Pattom school, then later went on to finish a Geography degree from the University College Thiruvananthapuram and also received a Bachelor of Education from the Government College of Teacher Education, Thiruvananthapuram. After his graduation he worked at the Centre for Earth Science Studies, in Thiruvananthapuram. Then he worked as a teacher at Christ Nagar School, Thiruvananthapuram, and M.E.S Indian school, Qatar in 1993. Later in 1998 he returned from Qatar to join at Govt Girl's Higher Secondary School, Venganoor as a teacher. In 2003 he became the principal there. He has been the Principal of Girl's Higher Secondary School, Venganoor, Thiruvananthapuram for 13 years.

He is married to a school teacher at Sasthamangalam Higher Secondary School. He and his wife have a son and a daughter. He is settled in Thiruvananthapuram with his family.

Filmography

All films are in Malayalam language unless otherwise noted.

References

External links

Sudheer Karamana at MSI

Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Indian male film actors
21st-century Indian male actors
Living people
Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni
1971 births


title: Edward S. Moran Jr.

text:
Edward S. Moran (November 19, 1900 – January 17, 1996) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was born on November 19, 1900, in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Edward S. Moran (died 1935).

Moran was a member of the New York State Assembly (Kings Co., 12th D.) in 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 and 1938. He was Chairman of the Committee on Insurance in 1935.

On June 24, 1938, he was arrested and accused of accepting $36,000 in bribes to influence legislation concerning taxicab companies. On April 10, 1939, he was again arrested, and this time charged with tax evasion. On June 9, 1939, he was convicted of bribery. On July 5, 1939, he was sentenced to two and a half to five years in prison. On May 3, 1940, he was disbarred by the Appellate Division. On November 13, 1940, the New York Court of Appeals upheld the conviction. On January 13, 1941, Moran was taken to Sing Sing prison, and began serving his sentence. On September 21, 1942, he was released on parole.

He died on January 17, 1996.

Sources

1900 births
1996 deaths
Politicians from Brooklyn
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
American politicians convicted of bribery
Disbarred New York (state) lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
New York (state) politicians convicted of crimes
20th-century American politicians


title: Pakistan Universities cricket team

text:
Pakistan Universities were a first-class cricket side in Pakistan. They played first-class matches between 1950 and 1989, and took part in Pakistan’s domestic competitions between 1958–59 and 1962–63, and again between 1972–73 and 1978-79.

Matches against touring teams
Pakistan Universities played their first match against the visiting Ceylon team in 1949-50. Captained by Khan Mohammad, they drew the match, finishing on 214 for 7 in pursuit of 275 for victory. They lost their next match, against the Indians in 1954-55, by an innings, and drew against an MCC team in 1955-56.

They lost to a Commonwealth XI in 1967-68 after their captain, Majid Khan declared twice to keep the game alive. They drew a match against Sri Lanka in 1973-74, and also their last first-class match, against Sri Lanka B in 1988-89.

Domestic competition
Pakistan Universities entered the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy in 1958-59, having the better of a draw against Railways before losing on the first innings to Lahore. They had a draw and a loss in 1959-60, when in the draw against East Pakistan, Asif Ahmed, on his first-class debut, hit their first century, 148, and Javed Saeed took 8 for 36, which remained the team’s best bowling figures. They suffered three losses by large margins in 1962-63, when their totals were 130, 94, 102, 98, 111 and 89.

They next appeared in first-class competitions in 1972-73, playing in the Patron's Trophy. In the first match, against Public Works Department, they dominated a draw, the captain Wasim Raja taking 5 for 77 and 5 for 23 and scoring 117. They drew their other Patron’s Trophy match and also their only Quaid-i-Azam Trophy match that season.

In 1973-74, in their fifteenth first-class match, they won for the first time, beating Lahore A by 10 wickets in the Patron's Trophy. The captain, Agha Zahid hit the top score of the match, 85 not out. Later that season, in the Pentangular Trophy, Mohsin Khan scored 229, his first century, in the draw against Sind, which remained Pakistan Universities’ highest score.

In 1974-75 Pakistan Universities, playing in three competitions, had their best season. In their first match of the season they beat Bahawalpur by an innings and 188 runs in the Patron’s Trophy, making their record score of 641, Azhar Khan hitting 209 not out. They won two of their five matches in the Pentangular Trophy, finishing third, Mudassar Nazar hitting four centuries. They had another innings victory in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, beating Punjab B. Of their nine matches in 1974-75 they won four, lost three and drew two.

Thereafter their record slipped, and they won only two more matches in the next four seasons, both in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy: against Railways in 1977-78 and against North-West Frontier Province in 1978-79 by two wickets.

Overall record
Pakistan Universities played 49 first-class matches, winning 7, losing 21 and drawing 21.

Grounds
They played most of their home matches at the Punjab University Ground in Lahore.

Players

References

External links
 Pakistan Universities at CricketArchive

Other sources
 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1951 to 1990

Pakistani first-class cricket teams
Former senior cricket clubs of Pakistan


title: Freek van der Wart

text:
Freek van der Wart (born 1 February 1988) is a retired Dutch male short track speed skater.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Dutch male short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for the Netherlands
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Voorburg
21st-century Dutch people


title: Charles Coates Walker

text:
Charles Coates Walker (September 17, 1920—July 11, 2004) was an American Quaker activist and trainer for nonviolent direct action in both the civil rights and peace movements.  He worked throughout his life to bring segregation, racial injustice, nuclear and biological weapons, and war to public awareness. He used Gandhian methods of nonviolence, writing training materials and organizing marches, vigils, protest demonstrations, conferences and campaigns in different parts of the world.

Early life and education
Walker was born on a farm homestead in Gap, Pennsylvania, to Joseph and Mina Coates Walker. He graduated from Elizabethtown College (Pennsylvania) in 1941 with a Bachelor of Arts, and married Marian Groff, a fellow student at Elizabethtown, in 1942. Walker became a conscientious objector during World War II and was imprisoned for non-cooperation with the draft.

Career in the Civil Rights Movement
Walker worked for the Ohio branch of the American Friends (Quakers) Service Committee (AFSC) from 1946 to 1948. As Midwest Regional College Secretary for the AFSC, he traveled to college campuses to promote the values of peace and racial justice. From 1948 to 1960, Walker worked in Philadelphia for the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) as Middle Atlantic Regional Secretary. On a FOR trip to Crozer Theological Seminary he found much student interest in the FOR’s work in nonviolence and in 1949 arranged for his boss, A. J. Muste, to speak at Crozer. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who studied at Crozer from 1948 to 1951, wrote in his 1958 book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, that he was “exposed for the first time to the pacifist position in a lecture by A. J. Muste.” Working with the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Friends (Quakers) Peace Committee he collaborated on a pamphlet published in 1957, A Perspective on Nonviolence, which was used by civil rights organizations and trainers in nonviolence, and in 1961 he published his own manual, Organizing for Nonviolent Direct Action. Throughout the 1960s, he helped recruit and train participants for nonviolent actions targeting racial injustice, including Freedom Rides, sit-ins, the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project, and the 1963 March on Washington. During the Montgomery bus boycott, he met and corresponded with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Career in the Peace Movement
Throughout his life, Walker studied, wrote, and spoke about the techniques and power of nonviolence as based on Gandhi’s writings and life. He took initiative in protesting use of Culebra Island in Puerto Rico as an artillery training grounds, which resulted in the US Navy's halting its use of the island for naval training for the Vietnam war.   He helped organize the Vigil at Fort Detrick, an almost two-year-long protest against germ warfare research.

Walker was a founding member of the World Peace Brigades (WPB).  He was also a co-organizer and board member of Peace Brigades International (PBI).   In 1991 he received the Jamnalal Bajaj International Award for promoting the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi outside of India.  Walker edited Quakers and the Draft (1968). He authored A World Peace Guard: Unarmed Agency for Peacekeeping (1981) and other pamphlets and articles.

References

1920 births
2004 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
American pacifists
American Quakers
People from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania


title: Monticello Post Office

text:
The Monticello Post Office is a historic post office building at 211 West Gaines Street in Monticello, Arkansas.  The single story brick Art Deco brick building was built in 1937.  In 1941 a terra cotta sculpture by Berta Margoulies entitled Tomato Sculpture was installed in the building, which was funded in part by the Section of Painting and Sculpture of the United States Department of the Treasury.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It is used as the offices of the Monticello Economic Development Commission.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Drew County, Arkansas
List of United States post offices
List of New Deal sculpture

References

External links
Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry

Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Art Deco architecture in Arkansas
Government buildings completed in 1937
National Register of Historic Places in Drew County, Arkansas
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Arkansas
1937 establishments in Arkansas


title: Jarkko Kauppinen

text:
Jarkko Kauppinen (born 6 April 1982) is a Finnish biathlete. He was born in Vieremä. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2011, 2012 and 2013. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in sprint and individual.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
People from Vieremä
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Finnish male biathletes
Olympic biathletes for Finland
Sportspeople from North Savo


title: Daan Breeuwsma

text:
Daan Breeuwsma (born 29 December 1987) is a Dutch male short-track speed-skater.

His partner is short track speed skater Rianne de Vries, who was also part of the national team at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

Daan Breeuwsma's profile , from http://www.sochi2014.com . Retrieved 18 February 2014.

1987 births
Living people
Dutch male short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for the Netherlands
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Heerenveen
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
21st-century Dutch people


title: THH

text:
THH may refer to:

 Hillingdon Hospital, an NHS hospital in Hillingdon, London
 Tetrahydroharmine, a fluorescent indole alkaloid
 Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), English biologist, comparative anatomist and supporter of Darwin's theory of evolution
 The Helping Hand (halfway house), a non-governmental halfway house in Singapore with a Christian ministry
 Topological Hochschild homology, a mathematical construction which assigns functorially a cyclotomic spectrum to any ring spectrum in homotopy theory.
 The Haunted House, a Tooniverse animated television series

See also

Haunted house (disambiguation)


title: Bernard F. Meyer

text:
Bernard Francis Meyer, M.M. (June 16, 1891 – May 8, 1975) was an American Catholic missionary. As a member of the Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America (Maryknoll), he was assigned to missions in China.  He served as the Prefect Apostolic of Wuzhou from 1934 to 1939.

Early life and education
Born in Brooklyn, Iowa, Bernard Meyer's family moved to Stuart, Iowa, where he was educated in the local public schools.  After working on the family farm he attended St. Ambrose College in Davenport, Iowa, and St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore. While he was a student at St. Mary's he wrote to Bishop James Walsh and inquired about Maryknoll. He professed religious vows in 1914 and was ordained a priest on February 12, 1916, by Bishop Austin Dowling of Des Moines.

Priesthood

After ordination Meyer was appointed to the minor seminary faculty at Venard.  The following year he was assigned as one of the first Maryknoll missionaries to South China. He was a delegate to Maryknoll's first General Chapter in 1929 after which he returned to Wuzhou (Wuchow). He was named the superior of the mission on October 30, 1931. On December 10, 1934 Pope Pius XI appointed Meyer as the Prefect Apostolic of Wuzhou. He suffered health problems and he resigned his position on July 20, 1939. As World War II broke out, Meyer was living in Hong Kong and he was interned by the Japanese. He was offered repatriation, but instead chose to take care of the medical and spiritual needs of his fellow prisoners. He returned to the United States as a delegate to the Third General Chapter in 1946. Meyer returned to Guangdong (Canton), but was exiled from China by the Communists in 1950.

Bishop Vincent Waters of the Diocese of Raleigh invited Meyer to promote Catholic Action in his diocese.  Being located in the Southern United States also provided relief from the acute rheumatism he suffered from.

Later life and death
Meyer's health declined during the last ten years of his life.  He moved into the St. Teresa Residence when it opened in 1968.  He died on May 8, 1975, at Phelps Memorial Hospital in North Tarrytown, New York, at the age of 83.  Bishop John W. Comber celebrated his funeral on May 12 in the Maryknoll Chapel.

Contribution to Cantonese Learning
Together with Theodore F Wempe, he compiled the Student's Cantonese English Dictionary published in 1934.  Although some  refer to a 'Meyer-Wempe System', there was nothing new in it as their entire schema followed the system devised in the last decade of the 19th century known as Standard Romanization (SR), which, in turn, was almost identical to John Chalmers' system of 1870.

See also

References

1891 births
1975 deaths
People from Poweshiek County, Iowa
St. Ambrose University alumni
Maryknoll Fathers
American Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in China
People from Stuart, Iowa
American expatriates in China
Catholics from Iowa


title: Oshie (disambiguation)

text:
T.J. Oshie is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League.

Oshie may also refer to:

Oshie, Cameroon, a village in Cameroon
Oshie Ridge, a ridge of the Sankwala Mountains
Oshie language, an alternate name for the Ngoshie language of Cameroon


title: Drosera graomogolensis

text:
Drosera graomogolensis is a carnivorous plant species native to the State Minas Gerais in Brazil and is now cultivated as an ornamental in Europe. In Brazil, it grows in the campos rupestres habitat.

Drosera graomogolensis is a herb up to 34 cm tall. Leaves are wine-red, forming a basal rosette, up to 3.5 cm long and 6.5 cm broad, covered with sticky glandular hairs on the upper surface. The plant produces 1 or 2 flowering stalks, each with 10–16 large pinkish-violet flowers.

The species is named for the type locale, Grão-Mogol.

See also
List of Drosera species
Taxonomy of Drosera

References

graomogolensis
Endemic flora of Brazil
Flora of Minas Gerais
Flora of the Atlantic Forest
Carnivorous plants of South America


title: Salt Creek (Middle Fork Willamette River tributary)

text:
Salt Creek is a  tributary of the Middle Fork Willamette River in Lane County in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is named for salt springs along its banks that are used as licks by deer. The stream originates as an outflow of Lower Betty Lake in the forested Cascade Range just southeast of Waldo Lake. It proceeds generally south, through Gold Lake, to Route 58, which it then follows mainly northwest for about  to its mouth at the Middle Fork Willamette River just below Hills Creek Dam. At Salt Creek Falls—roughly  west of Willamette Pass and a little more than  upstream from the mouth—the stream plunges , discharging an average of  of water per minute, or . Below the falls, the creek enters a narrow canyon shaped by glaciation and basaltic lava flows from higher in the Cascades. McCredie Hot Springs, at the former community of McCredie Springs, are natural hot springs along the lower half of Salt Creek beside Route 58.

The Salt Creek watershed is a temperate coniferous forest. The primary tree species are Douglas fir, western hemlock, and mountain hemlock. Fish species in Salt Creek are primarily trout, especially coastal cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and non-native brook trout. The brook trout were introduced into lakes in and around the Salt Creek watershed, and many now live in upper Salt Creek. Bull trout formerly inhabited Salt Creek until damage to habitat throughout the Willamette River basin, such as dams, reduced their numbers in the Willamette's watershed.

References

External links

Salt Creek Falls Area (PDF map), U.S. Forest Service

Rivers of Lane County, Oregon
Rivers of Oregon
Willamette National Forest


title: Delhi alcohol poisonings

text:
The Delhi alcohol poisonings killed 199 people in Delhi on 5 November 1991 when they consumed illicit liquor. Most of them were casual labourers and rickshaw-pullers who died after consuming Karpoor Asav or sura, a so-called ayurvedic medicine. This 'Karpoor Asav' was manufactured by a firm called Karnal Pharmacy based in Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh. Tests confirmed that this 'Karpoor Asav' contained methyl alcohol. The Delhi Administration set up a one-Man Commission of Inquiry under the Chairmanship of Jagdish Chandra, a retired Judge of the Delhi High Court under the Commission of Inquiry Act. 1952.

See also
List of alcohol poisonings in India

References

Crime in Delhi
1991 crimes in India
Alcohol-related deaths in India
Disasters in Delhi
1990s in Delhi


title: Rough and Ready Cemetery

text:
The Rough and Ready Cemetery is one of the older cemeteries in Drew County, Arkansas.  It is located about  south of the Monticello Civic Center on Arkansas Highway 19.  It is located near the site of the village of Rough and Ready, which was one of the first settlements in Drew County and served as its first county seat, and is its only known surviving feature.  The oldest known grave dates to 1847, although the oldest dated marker is marked 1860.  A number of the county's early settlers are among the more than 200 graves in the cemetery.

The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Drew County, Arkansas

References

External links

Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1843
Buildings and structures in Drew County, Arkansas
Geography of Drew County, Arkansas
1843 establishments in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Drew County, Arkansas
Cemeteries established in the 1840s


title: András Keller

text:
András Keller (born 1960) is a Hungarian violinist and a founder of the Keller Quartet. He also works as a director and conductor of Concerto Budapest.

At the age of 7, Keller began playing the instrument and seven years later was admitted to the Liszt Academy of Music, where his teachers were Dénes Kovács, György Kurtág, and Ferenc Rados. Later, he was also studying from Sándor Végh in Salzburg.

In 1983, Keller won the Hubay Violin Competition, after which he received an invitation from János Ferencsik to become the National State Orchestra's leader. During the same time, he worked as a soloist for the National Philharmonia and from 1984 to 1991 was the Budapest Festival Orchestra's leader. In 1987, he founded his own quartet and three years later became Reggio Emilia's string competition winner. Throughout the years, he has performed with Heinz Holliger, Ralph Kirshbaum, Gidon Kremer, Mstislav Rostropovich, Kim Kashkashian, among many others.

The recipient of the Premio Franco Abbiati, Liszt Prize, and Bartók-Pásztory Prize, he was named an Artist of Merit of Hungary and was also nominated for the United Kingdom's Royal Philharmonic Society Award. His recordings have been awarded the Caecilia Prix (BE), Deutsche Schallplattenpreis, Edison Award (NL), Grand Prix de l’Académie Charles Cros (FR), MIDEM Classical Award (FR), Gramophon Award (UK) and Record Academy Award (JP).

Keller has been performing György Kurtág's works worldwide and conducted the Orchestra di Padova e del Veneto in 2013. During the same years, he also appeared with Kremerata Baltica at the Lockenhaus Festival. In 2007, he was appointed as Artistic Director and Chief Conductor of Concerto Budapest, formerly known as the Hungarian Symphony Orchestra. Under his leadership, Concerto Budapest has earned a reputation as one of the most respected Hungarian touring orchestras, annually presenting over sixty concerts in Budapest, in addition to concerts and festival appearances in the most prestigious venues of Asia and Europe.

He was the artistic director of the Arcus Temporum Festival between 2004 and 2009 and has been holding to this position again since 2016.

András Keller is a regular guest professor of the International Musicians Seminar Prussia Cove and the Aix-en-Provence Festival. Between 2012 and 2015, he served as the head of the Chamber Music Department at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. Since 2016, he has been teaching at the violin faculty of The Guildhall School of Music & Drama, London where in 2018 he was appointed as Béla Bartók International Chair in recognition of his world-class performing career and services to music.

References

Living people
1960 births
Hungarian directors
Hungarian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Hungarian male conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music)
21st-century classical violinists
21st-century Hungarian male musicians


Walter de Huntercombe, 1st Baron Huntercombe (1247–1313) was an English military commander during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a Governor of Edinburgh Castle.

Around 1283 Huntercombe took part in a military expedition into Wales which was part of the wider Conquest of Wales by Edward I. He was appointed constable at the newly taken Castell y Bere, building a new chamber at the castle during his residence.

 “The king has committed in like manner to Walter de Huntercomb the castle of Bere, and has granted to him 200 marks yearly for the custody, to be received as above, on condition that he shall have continuously there in garrison at the castle at his cost forty fencible men, of whom fifteen shall be crossbowmen, one chaplain, one artiller, a carpenter, a mason and a smith, and of the others shall be made janitors, watchmen and other ministers of the castle. Order is given to all bailiffs etc (as in preceding).”

On 4 June 1290, Huntercombe took possession of the Isle of Man for King Edward I; the island had previously been under the control of the Scots. In early 1293 Edward I ordered Huntercombe to relinquish the island to John Balliol, the King of Scots. and Edward's vassal.

In 1294, Edward summoned Huntercombe to Portsmouth because of the French occupation of the Duchy of Gascony. In June 1295, he was rewarded for his service by being created Baron Huntercombe. His arms were ermine, two bars gemells gules.

The Wars of Scottish Independence
In 1296 and 1297 Huntercombe took part in the Wars of Scottish Independence. By his own testimony, he was at the Capture of Berwick with 20 mailed horses, and at the Battle of Stirling Bridge with 32 horses. In 1298 he was appointed Governor of Edinburgh Castle. Huntercombe was also appointed Sheriff of Edinburgh, Linlithgow and Haddington. He was a signatory of the Baron's Letter to Pope Boniface VIII in 1301. In 1307 he successfully petitioned the King to be released from the duty to pay scutage for the two Scottish wars, in addition to being granted permission to levy scutage from his tenants. Huntercombe argued for these privileges on the basis that he had served in both wars.

Huntercombe died in 1313 without issue, and his barony became extinct.

References

|-

English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Barons in the Peerage of England
1247 births
1313 deaths
13th-century English people
14th-century English people


title: Karachi Municipal Committee

text:
Karachi Municipal Committee was a public corporation established in 1853 in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

History
The Karachi Conservancy Board was established to control cholera epidemics in Karachi during British rule in 1846. The board was upgraded to the Municipal Commission in 1852. In 1853 the Municipal Commission was turned into the Karachi Municipal Committee. The foundation stone of the Karachi Municipal Corporation Building was laid on Bundar road in 1927.
In 1933 the Karachi Municipal Committee was upgraded to the Karachi Municipal Corporation by the Karachi Municipal Act. The Karachi Municipal Corporation was turned into the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation in 1976.

Zonal municipal committees were established in 1987. The zonal committees were merged again into the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation. Five district municipal corporations were established in 1987. The Karachi Metropolitan Corporation was abolished in 2000 and five district municipal corporations were merged into City District Karachi. The City District Karachi was divided into 18 town and 178 union councils. In 2011 the Sindh Government restored the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation and five district municipal corporations.

See also
 Karachi Metropolitan Corporation
Karachi Development Authority

References

Government of Karachi
Defunct government departments and agencies of Pakistan
City and town halls in Pakistan


title: Karachi Municipal Commission

text:
Karachi Municipal Commission (KMC) was a public corporation established in 1852 in Karachi, Sindh. Pakistan.

History
Karachi Conservancy Board was established to control Cholera epidemic in Karachi during British rule in 1846. The board was upgraded into Municipal Commission in 1852. In 1853 Municipal Commission was turned into Karachi Municipal Committee. The foundation stone of KMC building was laid on Bundar Road in 1927.

In 1933  Karachi Municipal Committee was upgraded to Karachi Municipal Corporation by Karachi Municipal Act. Karachi Municipal Corporation was turned in Karachi Metropolitan Corporation in 1976.

Zonal Municipal Committees were established in 1987. The zonal committees were merged again in KMC. Five District Municipal Corporations (DMC) were  established in 1987. The KMC was abolished in 2000 and 5 DMC's were merged in City District Karachi. The City District Karachi was divided in 18 Towns and 178 union councils. In 2011 Sindh Government restored again Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) and 5 District Municipal Corporations (DMC).

See also
Karachi Metropolitan Corporation
Karachi Development Authority

References

Government of Karachi


title: Tyāga

text:
Tyāga (Sanskrit:  त्याग) is a Sanskrit word that means "sacrifice, giving up in generosity, forsaking, resigning" anything of value, as well as "renunciation" depending on the context. It is an ethical concept in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Etymology
Tyāga means – sacrifice, renunciation, abandonment, resignation, donation, forsaking, liberality, withdrawal  Tyāga which is not merely physical renunciation of the world is different from Sannyasa; Sannyasa which comes from the root as means – "giving up entirely", Tyāga means – "giving up with generosity what one could probably have kept".

Hinduism

Tyāga or abandonment refers to giving up of all anxieties for enjoying the fruits of actions; through practice of this kind of tyāga infusing discipline in daily activities the momentary anxiety to enjoy fruits of actions is overcome. It is a subjective renunciation of selfishness and desire.

Yajna is Tyāga . The Vedic interpretation of renunciation (tyāga ) of the fruits of ritual acts including – agnistomena svargakāmo yajeta – "the desire for heaven", which renunciation is to be found expressed in the phrase – agnaye idam na mama – "this is for Agni, not for me" – pronounced by the yajamana at the time of the oblation.

The Tejobindu Upanishad belonging to Krishna- yajurveda explains that in  Tyāga ('renunciation') one abandons the manifestations or objects of the universe through the cognition of Atman that is  Sat and  Cit and this is practiced by the wise as the giver of immediate salvation. Thus, Kaivalya Upanishad portrays the state of man on the way of renunciation (tyāga) as having become free of all attachment to the worldly and who, consequently knows and feels himself only as the one divine essence that lives in all.

Tyaga of Bhagavad Gita

Moksha consists in securing lasting freedom from the bondage of existence in the form of birth and death and realizing God who is no other than Bliss (Brahman). Chapter XVIII of the Bhagavad Gita deals with Sannyasa and Tyāga, the Paths of Knowledge and Action that are means to the attainment of moksha. Krishna tells Arjuna that even though sannyāsa is understood as the giving up of all actions motivated by desires, and tyāga consists in relinquishing the fruit of all actions; that all actions are worth giving up because they contain a measure of evil that acts of sacrifice, charity and penance are not worth shunning, there are three kinds of Tyāga – Sattvika, Rajasika and Tamasika (Sloka XVIII.4). Whereas acts of sacrifice, charity and penance, the purifiers of wise men, must be performed without attachment and hope of award, Krishna states - मोहात्तस्य परित्यागस्तामसः (the abandonment of prescribed duty through ignorance) is not advisable, it is the Tamasika form of  tyāga; if it is owing to कायक्लेशभयात्तयजेत् (abandonment for fear of physical strain) then it is  Rajasika form; if it is –

कार्यमित्येव यत्कर्म नियतं क्रियतेऽर्जुन |
सङंग त्यक्त्वा फलं चैव स त्यागः सात्त्विको मतः| (Sloka XVIII.9)

 "A prescribed duty which is performed simply because it has to be performed, giving up attachment and fruit, that alone has been recognized as the Sattvika form of renunciation. "

Thereafter, Arjuna is told about the marks of a Sattvika-man of renunciation and that since all actions cannot be given up in their entirety by anyone possessing a body, he alone, who abstains from prohibited actions and those that are motivated by desire and performs duties, renounces the fruit of actions is called a man of renunciation; no fruits of actions accrues for him (Sloka XVIII.11-12). In the preceding discourses, Krishna had recommended to Arjuna actions which ought to be performed as duty (Ch.III.19); He told him to perform ordained actions (Ch.III.8), to be free from attachment (Ch.III.9,19 & Ch.II.48), and to have no desire for the fruit of action (Ch.II.47); Krishna had recommended  Sattvika-tyāga.

Sannyasa and Tyāga

Sannyasa literally means – throwing away, absolute rejection, formal monastic life; in the Bhagavad Gita, it means – mental state of thorough-going renunciation, of uncompromising abandonment of all that is unfit and unworthy, of intense dispassion toward things of the world, both internal and external. Tyāga literally means – abandonment, the turning from all that hinders the realization of the Self; in the Bhagavad Gita, it means – renunciation in the sense of relinquishment of the fruit of action. Sannyāsa is external, even though it is based on internal disposition; Tyāga is completely mental, it is a state of thought and attitude. Arjuna is emphatically told that it is possible to act and accrue no karma whatsoever; it is a matter of consciousness.

In this context, Chinmayananda remarks that abandonment is the true content of the status of renunciation – sannyāsa without the  tyāga spirit is but an empty show; real abandonment is meant for rising to a nobler status of fulfillment, leading on to the ampler fields of expression, to fuller ways of living and to greater experiences of joy. And, Aurobindo explains that – "Sannysa in the standing of the terminology of the sages means the laying aside of desirable actions. In that sense Tyāga, not Sannyasa, is the better way. It is not the desirable actions that must be laid aside, but the desire that gives them that character has to be put away from us... The spiritual transference of all works to the Master and his Shakti is the real sannyāsa in the teachings of the Gita.... The essence of renunciation, the true Tyāga, the true sannyāsa is not any rule of thumb of inaction but a disinterested soul, a selfless mind, the transition from ego to the free impersonal and spiritual nature. "

Self-discipline too becomes a form of  Sattvika-tyāga, during the course of which exercise one has control over negative emotions and behaviours such as anger, greed and pride. The Bhagavad Gita projects action to serve as steps on the path of spiritual ascent, as an effective means to purify the mind through diligently cultivated mental discipline in action; the true fruit of Tyāga is an elevating sense of peace and fulfillment, even if it entails a bit of physical discomfort.

Jainism

According to Tattvartha Sutra, an ascetic’s dharma consists of ten elements i.e. abstract virtues, which are – ksama ('forbearance'), mardava ('humility'), arjava ('uprightness'), sauca ('desirelessness'), satya ('truthfulness'), samyama ('self-discipline'), tapas ('self-mortification'), tyaga ('renunciation'), akincanya ('poverty') and  brahmacharya ('celibacy'). Hemachandra has recognized only two of the ten pratyakhyanas viz. sanketa-pratyakhyana and  addha-pratyakhyana, the former, which is of eight types, is symbolic and the devotee refrains from taking food for some time by which renunciation he recalls his mind to his religious duties; the latter, is ritualistic, also connected with abstention from or renouncing food, and has a set methodology to adopt. Ahimsa-vrata practiced by the  Svetambras refers to the renunciation of killing. Basically, there are five kinds of  tyāgas included in the eleven pratimās viz. sacitta-tyāga pratimā, the stage of renouncing uncooked food; ārambha-tyāga pratimā, the stage of abandonment of all professional activity; parigraha-tyāga pratimā, the stage of transferring publicly one’s property to a son or relative; anumati-tyāga pratimā, the stage of leaving the household and refraining from counselling in household matters, and  uddista-tyāga pratimā, the stage of not eating food especially prepared for oneself i.e. the stage of seeking alms like a monk, commonly followed by   Svetambras ,  Digambaras  and  Avasyaka-Curni. Nemicandra gives a list of eighty-four asatanas which includes  sacittanām atayāga or failure to remove sentient objects and  ajive tyāga or failure to remove non-sentient objects.

References

Hindu philosophical concepts
Jain philosophy
Samkhya
Sanskrit words and phrases
Vedanta
Causality
Asceticism
Hindu monasticism
Hindu ethics


title: 2014 Australian Senate special election in Western Australia

text:
On 5 April 2014, an Australian Senate special election in Western Australia was held.  The special election was held six months after the 2013 Australian federal election.  The result of that 2013 election for the Australian Senate in Western Australia was voided on 20 February 2014 by the High Court of Australia, sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns, because 1,375 ballot papers were lost during an official recount in November 2013. The High Court ruled that because the number of lost ballots exceeded the margin for the two remaining Senate seats, the only acceptable remedy was to void the results and hold a special election.

Following the election on 5 April, preferences were distributed on 29 April 2014 according to the group voting ticket voting system used at that time. The outcome was 3 senators from the Liberal Party of Australia, 1 from the Australian Labor Party, 1 from the Australia Greens and 1 from the Palmer United Party. Compared to the November 2013 result, the Australian Sports Party's Wayne Dropulich was replaced by Dio Wang of the Palmer United Party.

The election is unprecedented in Australian federal politics. An election was held in South Australia in 1907 for the election of one senator under a previous electoral system. Half-Senate elections without a corresponding Australian House of Representatives election have occurred several times due to effluxion of time, the last one in 1970.

The date was set by Sir Peter Cosgrove, the Governor-General of Australia, on the advice of Prime Minister Tony Abbott.  However, the onus for setting times and processes fell on the Governor of Western Australia, Malcolm McCusker, on the advice of Colin Barnett, Premier of Western Australia, in McCusker's obligations under the operation of the Election of Senators Act 1903 (WA).

Result

Summary


title: Vypeen alcohol poisonings

text:
The Vypin alcohol poisonings killed an estimated 77 people in 1982 in Vypin near Kochi in Indian state of Kerala. Hundreds of people, mostly fish workers and other labour people, drank spurious liquor supplied by several Government-licensed arrack shops. The tragedy occurred on the Onam day of 1982 and killed 77 people, blinded 63, crippled 15 and reduced nearly 650 families were to penury. When victims of this killer brew were hospitalized, doctors identified signs of methanol poisoning.

See also
 List of alcohol poisonings in India

References

Crime in Kerala
1982 crimes in India
Alcohol-related deaths in India
History of Kochi
History of Kerala (1947–present)
Alcohol in Kerala


title: Afrospilarctia dentivalva

text:
Afrospilarctia dentivalva is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov in 2011. It can be found in Zambia.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Afrospilarctia dissimilis

text:
Afrospilarctia dissimilis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Lucas Distant in 1897. It is found in Lesotho and South Africa.

The larvae feed on Vernonia gerrardi.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1897
Moths of Africa


title: Afrospilarctia flavidus

text:
Afrospilarctia flavidus is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Max Bartel in 1903. It is found in Angola, Namibia, Nigeria and South Africa.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1903
Moths of Africa


title: Afrospilarctia lucida

text:
Afrospilarctia lucida is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1898. It is found in Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1898
Moths of Africa


title: John Poppitt

text:
John Poppitt (20 January 1923 – 12 February 2014) was an English footballer who played as a right back in The Football League for Derby County and Queens Park Rangers between 1947 and 1954 and also played for several non-League clubs. He made over 100 League appearances for Queens Park Rangers.

Playing career
Born in West Sleekburn, Northumberland, Poppitt played for local club West Sleekburn Welfare before joining Derby County in May 1945, the Second World War having prevented him from signing earlier. Although usually a right back, he made his first team debut for Derby in February 1947 as a centre forward. With Bert Mozley as the regular right back, Poppitt played mainly for the reserve team, but did make 16 Football League appearances for Derby before being transferred to Queens Park Rangers (QPR) in September 1950. He went on to make 106 League appearances for QPR before leaving the club in 1954.

Poppitt went on to have a long career in non-League football, firstly with Chelmsford City, who he joined in July 1954. He later signed for Burton Albion in June 1955, Banbury Spencer in May 1957, Corby Town in June 1958 and Long Eaton United in January 1960. He was also player-coach of Matlock Town for two years from May 1965.

After retiring from football, Poppitt settled in Derby, where he worked for the East Midlands Electricity Board. He died in Derby on 12 February 2014, aged 91.

References

External links

1923 births
2014 deaths
English men's footballers
Derby County F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Men's association football fullbacks
English Football League players
People from Choppington
Footballers from Northumberland
West Sleekburn Welfare F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players
Burton Albion F.C. players
Banbury United F.C. players
Corby Town F.C. players
Long Eaton United F.C. players
Matlock Town F.C. players


title: Afrospilarctia unipuncta

text:
Afrospilarctia unipuncta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1905. It is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1905
Moths of Africa


title: Omphalea ankaranensis

text:
Omphalea ankaranensis is a plant species endemic to a small region in northern Madagascar. Type locale is in Antsiranana Province, inside Réserve Speciale Ankarana, 7 km SE of Matsaborimanga. Plant grows on limestone soils.

Omphalea ankaranensis is a tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves are heart-shaped, up to 16 cm long. Inflorescence is a racemous thyrse.

References

ankaranensis
Endemic flora of Madagascar


The Monticello North Main Street Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district on the north side of Monticello, Arkansas.  Most of the twenty buildings in the district were built between 1880 and 1910, during a period of expansion and prosperity in the area.  Popular styles of the period, including Queen Anne and Colonial Revival, are represented in the district, and there are three churches.  Three houses were designed by architect S. C. Hotchkiss, who lived in Monticello for a number of years.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Drew County, Arkansas

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Greek Revival architecture in Arkansas
Queen Anne architecture in Arkansas
Neoclassical architecture in Arkansas
Geography of Drew County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Drew County, Arkansas


title: Cisthene angelus

text:
Cisthene angelus, the angel lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in North America.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1904


title: Cisthene barnesii

text:
Cisthene barnesii, or Barnes' lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in the US Rocky Mountain region, from southern Montana and western North Dakota to the border with Mexico in Arizona and New Mexico. The habitat consists of dry bunchgrass steppe.

The length of the forewings is 11–12 mm. The forewings are blackish gray with orange along the costal and posterior margins, connected by a narrow orange band across the distal third of the wing. The hindwings are red, dark pink or orange yellow with a narrow black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing from mid-July to late August.

Etymology
The species is named in honor of surgeon and entomologist William Barnes.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1904


title: Cisthene batialis

text:
Cisthene batialis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1859


title: Cisthene bisigna

text:
Cisthene bisigna is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Carlos Berg in 1875 and is found in Patagonia.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1875


title: Cisthene calochroma

text:
Cisthene calochroma is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Snellen in 1878. It is found in Argentina.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1878


title: RR Caeli

text:
RR Caeli is an eclipsing binary star in the constellation Caelum. It is 69 light years from Earth.

Properties
RR Caeli was first noted to be a high-proper motion star in 1955 by Jacob Luyten, and given the designation LFT 349.

This star system consists of a red dwarf of spectral type M6 and a white dwarf that orbit each other every seven hours; the former is 18% as massive as the Sun, while the latter has 44% of the Sun's mass. The red dwarf is tidally locked with the white dwarf, meaning it displays the same side to the heavier star. The system is also a post-common-envelope binary, and the red dwarf star is transferring material onto the white dwarf. In approximately 9–20 billion years, RR Caeli will likely become a cataclysmic variable star due to the period's gradual shortening, leading to increasing rates of transfer of hydrogen to the surface of the white dwarf. The white dwarf is likely to have a plain helium core, as its density is too low for the carbon-oxygen core.

Discovered to be an eclipsing binary in 1979, it has a baseline magnitude of 14.36, dimming markedly every 7.2 hours for an interval of around 10 minutes, due to the total eclipse of the hotter star by the cooler one. Its variability in brightness led to its being given the variable star designation RR Caeli in 1984.  There are very shallow secondary eclipses where the white dwarf transits across the red dwarf.

Planetary system

In 2012, analysis of slight variations in the observed light curve of the system showed that there was likely a giant planet about four times as massive as Jupiter orbiting the pair of stars with a period of 11.9 years, and that there was also evidence for a second possible substellar body further out. More observations of the light curve are likely to help confirm the presence of one or both planets. A 2022 study found that at least the 2012 model fails to predict recent changes in eclipse timing, suggesting that a different explanation for the eclipse timing variations may be needed. A two-planet model was presented in 2023.

Notes

References

Caelum
Eclipsing binaries
Caeli, RR
M-type main-sequence stars
White dwarfs
Hypothetical planetary systems
J04210556-4839070


title: Cisthene citrina

text:
Cisthene citrina is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1885. It is found in Panama.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1885


title: Cisthene conjuncta

text:
Cisthene conjuncta, the white-streaked lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in southern Texas.

The wingspan is about 15 mm. Adults are on wing in March, July and October.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1913


title: Cisthene deserta

text:
Cisthene deserta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Felder in 1868. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Utah and California.

The length of the forewings is 9–11 mm. Adults are on wing from April to July.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1868


title: Cisthene ditrigona

text:
Cisthene ditrigona is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1899. It is found in Brazil.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1899


title: Jim Burns (poet)

text:
Jim Burns is an English poet, writer and magazine editor. He was born in Preston, Lancashire in 1936.

Burns was educated at grammar school, worked in mills, and joined the army in 1954. While stationed in Germany, Burns developed a love of jazz and of American writers, accessible through American Forces Network radio and through bookshops stocking new literature for American service personnel. After leaving the army in 1957, he returned to Preston and sought out new writers filtering through to Britain, travelling to Manchester and London to explore those experimental bookshops which stocked the more difficult-to-find ones.

Burns had his first poems published in New Voice magazine in 1962, and soon began writing for and about small poetry magazines in a range of publications including The Guardian, Tribune and Ambit. Several books of his poetry have been published, including two volumes of his selected works.

In 1964, Burns launched Move, a poetry magazine featuring British and North American writers (including Chris Torrance, Larry Eigner, Lee Harwood, Bill Deemer, Michael Horovitz, Earle Birney, Dave Cunliffe and Tina Morris) which ran for eight issues (it folded in 1968): it was part of the British poetry revival, lauded beyond the traditional audience of middle class intellectuals in London, Oxford and Cambridge. Burns contributed poetry to many other magazines, and literary reviews and articles to The Guardian, Tribune and New Society. Perhaps his most important contributions were bringing the world of small poetry magazines to a wider audience through regular reviews and columns, and in particular spreading his knowledge of those lesser known North American writers who he felt deserved greater attention.

When the editor of Palantir poetry magazine (published through Preston Polytechnic) stepped down, Burns took over from issue number 3 in May 1976; this gave him the opportunity to direct attention to writers he felt deserved more support. Working on Palantir through to the final (23rd) issue in 1983, he included work from many leading poets (for example, Gael Turnbull, Wes Magee and Edwin Brock), and wrote about the lesser known beat poets.

, Burns continues to write on jazz, literature and politics, and has published several essay collections including Beats, Bohemians & Intellectuals (Trent Books, 2000), Radicals, Beats & Beboppers (Penniless Press, 2011) and Artists, Beats & Cool Cats (Penniless Press, 2014).

Bibliography

Poetry

A Way of Looking at Things			Move Publications		1964

Two for Our Time					Screeches			    1964

Some Poems					        Crank Books (NY)		1965

Some More Poems					    R Books			        1966

The Summer Season				    Target Publications		1966

My Sad Story & Other Poems			New Voice			    1967

Cells: Prose Pieces					Grosseteste Press		1967

Saloon Bar: Three Jim Burns Stories		Ferry Press			1967

The Store of Things					Phoenix Pamphlets		1969

Types: Prose Pieces and Poems		Second Aeon		        1970

A Single Flower					    Andium Press		    1972

Leben in Preston					Palmenpresse (GFR)	        1973

Easter in Stockport					Rivelin Press			1975

Fred Engels in Woolworths			Oasis Books			    1975

Playing it Cool					    Galloping Dog Press	    1976

The Goldfish Speaks from Beyond the Grave	Salamander		1976

Fred Engels bei Woolworth			Rotbuch Verlag (GFR)	1977

Catullus in Preston					Cameo Club Alley Press	1979

Aristotle’s Grill					Platform Poets		    1979

Notes from a Greasy Spoon			Uni College Cardiff		1980

Internal Memorandum				    Rivelin Press			1982

Notizen Von Einem Schmierigen Loffel	Palmenpresse (GFR)	1982

Gestures (cassette)					Black Sheep Recording Co1982

The Real World					    Purple Heather Press	1986

Out of the Past: Selected Poems 1961-1986 Rivelin Grapheme	1987

Poems for Tribune					Wide Skirt Press		1988

The Gift						    Redbeck Press		    1989

Confessions of an Old believer		Redbeck Press		    1996

Beware of Men in Suits				Incline Press			1996

As Good A Reason As Any			    Redbeck Press		    1999

The Five Senses					    Incline Press			1999

Take it Easy						Redbeck Press		    2003

Bopper						        Ragged Edge		        2004

Germany and all that Jazz			Ragged Edge		        2005

Short Statements					Redbeck Press		    2006

Laying Something Down				Shoestring Press		2007

Cool Kerouac					    Beat Scene Press		2008

What I Said						    Eyelet Books			2008

Streetsinger						Shoestring Press		2010

References

1936 births
British poets
Writers from Preston, Lancashire
Living people
British male poets
Military personnel from Preston, Lancashire
20th-century British Army personnel
British Army soldiers


title: Vieux frères

text:
Vieux frères is the debut album of the French collective Fauve. The title of the album was announced online on 17 November 2013. The same announcement revealed that it would be in two parts, Partie 1 scheduled in February 2014, and Partie 2 scheduled in winter of 2014, without mentioning a specific date.

Vieux frères - Partie 1

The album was released in two parts. The first called Partie 1 was released on 3 February 2014 on Warner Music label. "De ceux" was pre-released as a single in preparation for the album.

With the release of the album six different tracks from the album appeared simultaneously on the SNEP French Singles Chart the highest ranking being the track "Infirmière". The album itself entered the official French Albums Chart at number 2.

Track listing
"Voyous" (featuring Georgio) (6:16)
"Requin-tigre" (4:27)
"Jeunesse Talking Blues" (3:01)
"Rag #3" (1:35)
"Infirmière" (4:42)
"De ceux" (3:29)
"Rag #4" (1:31)
"Tunnel" (4:08)
"Vieux frères" (4:07)
"Lettre à Zoé" (3:54)
"Loterie" (3:41)

Charts

Vieux frères - Partie 2
The follow-up album, a completion of the Vieux frères series, was released on 16 February 2015.

References

2014 albums
French-language albums
Warner Music France albums


title: Cisthene dives

text:
Cisthene dives is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1896


title: Cisthene dorsimacula

text:
Cisthene dorsimacula is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in southern California, United States.

The length of the forewings is about 9 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August and in October.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1904


title: Cisthene fasciata

text:
Cisthene fasciata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio de Janeiro.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1896


title: Cisthene faustinula

text:
Cisthene faustinula is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1869. It is found in California.

The length of the forewings 9–11 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to September.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1869


title: Cisthene fuscilingua

text:
Cisthene fuscilingua is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1914


title: Cisthene hilaris

text:
Cisthene hilaris is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Felder in 1875. It is found in Venezuela.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1875


title: Cisthene juanita

text:
Cisthene juanita is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1925 and is found in the United States in southern Arizona.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1925


title: Cisthene kentuckiensis

text:
Cisthene kentuckiensis, the Kentucky lichen moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in the United States from New Jersey south to northern Florida, and west to Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas.

The larvae feed on lichens.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1904


title: Cisthene leuconotum

text:
Cisthene leuconotum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1914


title: Lom Pangar Dam

text:
The Lom Pangar Dam is an embankment dam with a center gravity dam section currently under construction on the Lom River about  north of Bertoua in the East Region of Cameroon. It is located about  downstream of the Lom River's confluence with the Pangar River and about  upstream of where the Lom joins the Sanaga River. The purpose of the dam is to produce hydroelectric power and to regulate water flows along the Sanaga River. It is potentially part of a larger dam cascade on the Sanaga.

Funding and development
The African Development Bank issued a US$71.1 million loan for the project in November 2011. The World Bank also approved a US$132 million loan March 2012 and the President of Cameroon, Paul Biya, laid the foundation stone for the dam on 3 August 2012. The European Investment Bank approved a US$39 million loan in October of the same year. China International Water & Electric Corporation is constructing the dam and power plant. A coffer dam to divert the river around the dam foundation was completed in July 2013. The project was completed in 2017.

See also

 List of power stations in Cameroon

References

Dams completed in 2017
Earth-filled dams
Hydroelectric power stations in Cameroon
Dams in Cameroon
East Region (Cameroon)


title: Cisthene liberomacula

text:
Cisthene liberomacula is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found along the coast of the US state of California. The habitat consists of areas with coastal live oaks.

The length of the forewings is 8–10 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in April and from June to November.

The larvae feed on lichens growing on oaks.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1904


title: Hafslo (village)

text:
Hafslo is a village in Luster Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  The village is located on the northern shore of the lake Hafslovatnet, about  northwest of the village of Solvorn which sits on the shores of the Lustrafjorden.  The lake Veitastrondvatnet is located to the northwest of Hafslo.  The village of Sogndalsfjøra lies  to the south; the village of Gaupne lies about  to the north; and the village of Veitastrond lies about  to the northwest.  The Norwegian County Road 55 runs through the village on its way from Sogndalsfjøra to Gaupne.

The  village has a population (2019) of 579 and a population density of .

History
Historically, the village of Hafslo was the administrative centre of the municipality of Hafslo, which existed from 1838 until 1963.  Hafslo Church, located in the village of Hafslo, was the main church for the municipality, and it still is the main church for the Hafslo parish.

Name
The name comes from the old Hafslo farm (), since Hafslo Church was located there.  The first element of the name comes from the old male name Hafr or from the word for "goat" (also hafr).  The second element of the name comes from the old word ló meaning "meadow", probably due to the excellent farming areas nearby.

Notable residents
 Sylfest Lomheim (born 1945) – Norwegian linguist
 Jens Sterri (born 1923) – civil servant
 Kjellfred Weum (born 1940) – hurdler

Media gallery

References

External links

Villages in Vestland
Luster, Norway


title: Cisthene metoxia

text:
Cisthene metoxia is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found on St. Vincent and Grenada.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1898


title: Cisthene minuta

text:
Cisthene minuta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877. It is found in Colombia.

References

Cisthenina
Moths described in 1877