title: Sally Tuffin

text:
Sally Tuffin (born 1938 in Essex)  is an English fashion designer and ceramicist who, with Marion Foale, was half of Foale and Tuffin, the groundbreaking fashion label that was part of the "youthquake" movement in 1960s London.

Early life and education
Tuffin is the daughter of a dressmaker mother and a printer and draughtsman father. She was educated at Friends' School, a progressive Quaker school in Saffron Walden.

Tuffin studied at Walthamstow College of Art, where she became friends with Marion Foale, who was in the year below her. On graduating, they enrolled in 1959 on a fashion design diploma course at the Royal College of Art headed by Janey Ironside.

Fashion designs

Having both been given sewing machines by their parents for their 21st birthdays and having spent £5 on a steam iron, they founded the Foale and Tuffin label, for which they created a range of colourful and fun dresses, skirts and tops. These were sold through their own shop in Carnaby Street, and later through department stores. Foale and Tuffin were among the first designers to experiment with creating trousers for women that were "flattering, sexy garments".

Their friend James Wedge helped them become established as designers and retailers. According to Tuffin, to make their clothes, they "worked on the billiards table in Jimmy Wedge's flat". According to Foale, Wedge had his offices in Ganton Street and told them about a place round the corner in Marlborough Court with a low rent. Soon, they needed more space, so Wedge found space for them above him, and when he moved out, they took over 4 Ganton Street in its entirety.

Ceramicist
Tuffin is now a ceramicist.

In 1986 Moorcroft, a UK art pottery, was rescued by Maureen and Hugh Edwards together with Tuffin and her husband Richard Dennis, a former art dealer. Tuffin became Art Director of the firm and designed ceramics for them from 1987 to 1997. Her numerous designs include: Balloons, Bramble, Peacock and Rain Forest. Sally Tuffin and Richard Denis left the firm in 1992, since when Maureen and Hugh Edwards have been the sole owners.

Sally Tuffin and Richard Dennis now run the independent pottery Dennis Chinaworks.

See also
Mary Quant

References

External links
We were going to be different... at Blogspot

Living people
1938 births
English fashion designers
English potters
People educated at Friends School Saffron Walden
Alumni of Walthamstow College of Art
Women potters
British women ceramicists
British women fashion designers


title: Public transport in Veliko Tarnovo

text:
The public transport in the town was created when the town grow after the urbanization in the middle of the 50s.
The first line in Veliko Tarnovo was between the old part of the town and the new part of the town. The first bus station for connecting the town with other towns were built in the 1930s in the south part of the town near to the train station and the main roads Sofia-Varna and Rousse-Stara Zagora.

Autobus transport
The first public buses in the town were Hansa-Lloyds delivered in 1939, which served the first bus line. This line had around 14 stops. It starts from the train stop Trapezitsa in the old part-Charevetz hill-Old Post-Old theater-neighborhood Marno pole-fire service-villa of Nikola Petkov-fountain Katchica

Trolleybus transport

Trolleybuses were part of Veliko Tarnovo's public transport from September 1988 until 31 March 2009. The system consisted of two routes (numbered 1 and 2) which connected the city centre with Dalga Laka industrial estate in the southern part of the city. Trolleybuses did not operate in the historic part of the city centre. In November 2008 trolleybus service was shortened due to road construction works of the Kachitsa intersection. Service to the industrial estate was suspended and trolleybuses operated on a loop route within the inner city. In March 2009 expansion of the construction site created a gap in the overhead wiring which required the suspension of all trolleybus services. Initially announced as temporary, the closure became permanent. The overhead wires were dismantled in 2016.

The system was served by a total of 15 vehicles from the type ZiU-682V built between 1987 and 1989. All 15 trolleybuses were scrapped in 2011.

In the 1980s there was a project to connect Veliko Tarnovo's trolleybus system with the trolleybus system of neighbouring towns Gorna Oryahovitsa and Lyaskovets which was under construction at that time. However the latter was never completed and the partially installed overhead wires were removed.

References

Sources
 Article about the public transport(Bulgarian)

Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo


title: Ben van der Voort

text:
Ben van der Voort (7 October 1914 – 12 March 2002) was a Dutch cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

See also
 List of Dutch Olympic cyclists

References

External links

1914 births
2002 deaths
Dutch male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the Netherlands
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Utrecht (city)
Cyclists from Utrecht (province)


title: Percy E. George

text:
Percival Edward George (1 July 1890 – 28 March 1983) was a Canadian politician and mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1944 to 1951.

George was born in Finchley, London in 1890. During the First World War, he served in Princess Mary's Canadian Scottish Regiment and the Canadian Overseas Expeditionary Force.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
1890 births
1983 deaths
People from Finchley
British emigrants to Canada
Canadian military personnel of World War I


title: Andrew McGavin

text:
Andrew Ingram McGavin (January 31, 1879 – April 18, 1946) was a Canadian politician and was the mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1936 to 1944. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland and he died in Victoria.

References

1879 births
1946 deaths
Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
Politicians from Glasgow


title: Gerrit van Wees

text:
Gerrit van Wees (26 January 1913 – 5 May 1995) was a Dutch cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

See also
 List of Dutch Olympic cyclists

References

External links

1913 births
1995 deaths
Dutch male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the Netherlands
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Heemstede
Cyclists from North Holland


title: The Kneeling Christian

text:
The Kneeling Christian is a popular and influential book written by Albert Ernest Richardson who authored the book under the pseudonym "Unknown Christian".

Authorship

The author mentions visiting Pandita Ramabai's work while being in India which indicates that the book was written sometime between the 1920s and the early 1930s. The Preface to the book in Hendrickson Christian Classics Edition mentions that according to the records of the British Library,
the "Unknown Christian" was an Anglican clergyman named Albert Ernest Richardson, who was born around 1868. He was educated at the University of Oxford, ordained as a priest in 1897, and in 1898 he was accepted as a missionary and left for the Hausaland Mission in Africa... He returned to England in 1900, only to turn around in 1903 and go out again, this time to serve in Bombay, India, until 1905. Following his return from India, Richardson's passion for evangelism was channeled into his career with the Church Army, a society of evangelists with the Anglican Communion. Then he began publishing his writings in 1921. The Kneeling Christian was his second book.

The Unknown Christian in this book mentions his experiences in India:
A few years ago, when in India, I had the great joy of seeing something of Pandita Ramabai’s work. She had a boarding-school of 1,500 Hindu girls. One day some of these girls came with their Bibles and asked a lady missionary what St. Luke xii. 49 meant—“I came to cast fire upon the earth; and what will I, if it is already kindled?” The missionary tried to put them off with an evasive answer, not being very sure herself what those words meant. But they were not satisfied, so they determined to pray for this fire. And as they prayed—and because they prayed—the very fire of heaven came into their souls. A very Pentecost from above was granted them. No wonder they continued to pray!

Reception
The book has been reprinted many times and has been included in many study guides and derivative works including:

In addition, a number of works have been based on or derived from The Kneeling Christian, some of which are as follows:

 Biblical software packages such as Accordance

References

External links
 The Kneeling Christian at CCEL Library
 The Kneeling Christian at Internet Archive

Christian prayer
Christian devotional literature


title: William M. Marchant

text:
William M. Marchant was a Canadian politician and had been the mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1921 to 1922.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia


title: Moridhal College

text:
Moridhal College is located in Moridhal, Dhemaji, Assam near National Highway 52.

Moridhal College is a co-education institution initially started with Arts Stream only and subsequently, Science Stream was too introduced to cater the needs of Science education of the region i.e. border area of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. With Higher-Secondary and Bachelor Degree courses in both streams along with different parallel oriented courses with an experienced and efficient teaching staff.

The college offers major (honours) courses almost in all customary subjects in the Arts and Science stream.

Courses

Presently the college offers following courses.
 Higher Secondary (Arts and Science)
 Bachelor degree (Arts and Science)

The College also offers the different courses of Institute of Distance and Open Learning (IDOL) Gauhati University, Directorate of Distance Education (DDE) Dibrugarh University, IGNOU in the respective study centers of the open Universities in the college.

Educational Departments

Arts:
  English Department
 Anthropology Department
  Assamese Department
 Education Department
 Economics Department
 History Department
 Hindi Department
 Political Science Department
 Philosophy Department
 Mathematics Department
 Geography Department
 Sociology Department

Science:
 Anthropology Department
 Botany Department
 Zoology Department
 Chemistry Department
 Physics Department
 Electronics Department
 Geography Department
 Computer Science Department
 Economics Department
 Statistics Department
 Mathematics Department

See also

 List of accredited colleges in Assam

Dhemaji
Universities and colleges in Assam
Colleges affiliated to Dibrugarh University
Educational institutions established in 1988
1988 establishments in Assam


title: Alfred W. Toone

text:
Alfred Walter Toone (14 May 1916 – 15 November 1966) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, in 1966. He died in office of a heart attack.

References

1916 births
1966 deaths
20th-century Canadian politicians
Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia


title: Marin Nikolov

text:
Marin Nikolov (, born 15 November 1901, date of death unknown) was a Bulgarian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He also won the 1934 edition of the Tour of Romania and the 1935 edition of the Tour of Bulgaria.

References

External links

1901 births
Year of death missing
Bulgarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Bulgaria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Courtney J. Haddock

text:
Courtney John Haddock (May 24, 1906 – February 19, 1972) was a Canadian politician and had been the mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1969 to 1971.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
1906 births
1972 deaths


title: William D. Tindall

text:
William David Tindall (May 29, 1921 – April 9, 2004) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1979 to 1981. He was a veteran of World War II, serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force. Tindall was also an alderman on the Victoria City Council from 1971 until his election as mayor. He also worked as a manager at Eaton's.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
1921 births
2004 deaths
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II
Victoria, British Columbia city councillors
20th-century Canadian politicians


title: Bogdan Yanchev

text:
Bogdan Yanchev (, born 26 February 1913, date of death unknown) was a Bulgarian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1913 births
Year of death missing
Bulgarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Bulgaria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Penumudi–Puligadda Bridge

text:
Penumudi–Puligadda Bridge is located on the Krishna river on National Highway 214. It spans the river from Penumudi in Guntur district to Puligadda in Krishna district, and hence the name. The bridge became operational on 27 May 2006, and was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister YS Rajasekhara Reddy. It reduces the travel between the districts by approximately . The total cost of construction was estimated as  on a build, operate and transfer (BOT) basis completed by Navayuga Engineering Company Limited.

References

Buildings and structures in Krishna district
Roads in Krishna district
Bridges in Andhra Pradesh
Toll bridges in India
Buildings and structures in Guntur district
Transport in Guntur district
Bridges over the Krishna river


title: Georgi Velinov (cyclist)

text:
Georgi Velinov (, born 23 January 1912, date of death unknown) was a Bulgarian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1912 births
Year of death missing
Bulgarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Bulgaria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Geissois hirsuta

text:
Geissois  hirsuta is a tree species that is endemic to New Caledonia. It is known locally as geissois velu.

References

Flora of New Caledonia
hirsuta
Taxa named by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
Taxa named by Jean Antoine Arthur Gris


title: Megumi Igarashi

text:
, who uses the pseudonym , is a Japanese sculptor and manga artist who creates works that feature female genitalia and are often modeled after her own vulva. Rokudenashiko considers it her mission to reclaim female genitalia as part of women's bodies and demystify them in Japan's male dominated society, where she believes that they are "overly hidden" and marginalized as “taboo” and “obscene” in comparison to phallic imagery. As such, the artist has created a variety of different representations of manko, the Japanese slang for vagina or pussy, using representations of her own body as the raw material to emphasize as return to experience within art and manga. Rokudenashiko has been called an international symbol of “manko positivity.”

The pseudonym Rokudenashiko translates to “good-for-nothing-girl,” a name the artist made up by combining rokudenashi (which translates to “good-for-nothing,” “bastard,” “ne’er-do-well”) and the diminutive feminine suffix -ko (usually translated as “girl” or “child”).

In 2014, Rokudenashiko was arrested following the creation of Man-Boat (short for manko boat), a kayak with an opening attachment modeled after a 3-D scan of her own vagina, for which she drew financial support from an online crowdfunding platform. Accused on the grounds of posting the downloadable 3-D scanned digital data of her vagina for the public as part of her crowdfunding campaign, Rokudenashiko become the first woman in Japanese history tried on the grounds of obscenity. The ensuing legal battle attracted a lot of media attention in Japan and internationally, where the artist amassed public support and became the subject of online protests about Japan's inconsistent obscenity laws. In 2016, Rokudenashiko was fined 400,000 yen (around US$3,660) for making the data publicly available.

Education and early career
Rokudenashiko studied Philosophy at the Kokugakuin University in Tokyo. After graduation, she began to work in the manga industry and was awarded a new artist award from the publisher Kōdansha in 1998. Despite this achievement, the artist was discouraged by the industry's competitive dependency on reader surveys, and eventually found work at a publisher that specialized in the genre of “experiential reportage” (体験ルポ, taiken rupo), also known as reality manga. The artist has explained that this work has formed the basis for her sculptural artworks—the genre relies on life experience as the source material for manga, using first person voice to depict real events through the eyes of the writer. Rokudenashiko has described her work as "literally putting real experiences into manga.”

Manga and "Decorative" works

Growing up in Japan, where women's genitalia are censored and stigmatized, Rokudenashiko has described how she had never seen other women's genitalia and didn't know what they should look like, and was therefore concerned from a young age that her own vulva was abnormal. She decided to make a plaster cast of her own vagina to understand what it looked like and started to make related artworks using this mold. She claims that women should be able to speak about their bodies without shame, the artist arguing that the vulva should be a "part of the body...no different from arms or legs". She hopes to make the vulva something that is "casual and pop," declaring that in Japan the "vagina is treated like it's something underground and hidden, so I want to industrialize and mass-produce it."

When Rokudenashiko first began to use a mold of her vulva to create artworks, she treated the idea light-heartedly. However, after receiving a lot of criticism and backlash, she began to use her art as a statement and form of protest. In her book documenting her legal battles (see section below), she wrote: “Since I’ve started my work in manko art, I’ve been fighting back against the old men who complain about it…I’ve decided to keep making even more ridiculous work, with all seriousness. Though this was kind of a joke at first, now I am joking around with every ounce of my body and soul.”

Many of Rokudenashiko's artworks have been confiscated during police raids in 2014 and 2015, but photographs document her body of work.

Deco Man sculptural work

Since Rokudenashiko was not exposed to many realistic depictions of women's genitalia, she decided to mold a plaster cast of her own vagina to understand the reality of what it looked like. Rokudenashiko felt that the plaster mold was too plain so she began to decorate them, creating an ongoing series she refers to as Deco Man (a play on “decoration” and “manko”). She has used the mold to create many casts of her vulva, including a series of dioramas that draw on 19th century landscape paintings by turning the form of her own genitalia into the grounds for various landscapes—moonscapes, beaches, golf courses, riverbeds, as well as rustic cottage and church settings, among others. In these tediously crafted dioramas, Rokudenashiko brings the vaginal form out of its hidden setting, positing it as a setting for the world.

The artist has created many more vulva-themed works, including dioramas, a chandelier, lampshades, tissue covers, a remote control car, necklaces, iPhone cases. She creates a variety of these Deco Man objects under the category of nado, or etcetera.

Deco Man manga
In 2012, Rokudenashiko published a reportage style manga entitled Deco Man that documented the complicated relationship she has with her own body and the artist's process of starting to create her vulva-themed artistic creations. The manga is structured as seven fairy tales in the mode of a shōjo manga, documenting Rokudenashiko's own artistic formation through the main character’s struggles with body insecurity and inadequacy that pushed her to get plastic surgery on her labia. The main character comes to the conclusion that many other women are plagued with the same anxieties, and starts to help herself and other women by creating Deco Man sculptures and leading workshops for making manko art.

Manko-chan
Rokudenashiko also created her signature cartoon character Manko-chan (the effeminate suffix -chan added as an endearing way to refer to the manko, often translated into English as Miss Pussy or Cute Little Pussy). Manko-chan is a cute, personified manko with two legs and a labia articulated like a mane around a simple yet expressive face that includes a characteristic yellow clitoral “third eye.” Manko-chan is featured on the cover of Rokudenashiko’s 2016 book What is Obscenity?, and has been featured in the artist’s newsletter, website, as well as the autographed photos she passes out at book signings and other events. Manko-chan is also purchasable as a sticker set for her fans, and has been made into plastic figurines, a plush doll, and a full-size costume.

Man-Boat (2014) and legal battle

In 2013, Rokudenashiko was inspired to make a larger sculptural work through the use of 3-D printing. She considered making a door and a car, before settling on a kayak, inspired by the connection between female sexuality and the sea. She decided to create Man-Boat (short for manko boat), enlisting help from the public via the crowdfunding platform “Campfire” to create an attachment to mount on the cockpit of a 2-meter yellow kayak modeled from a 3-D scan of her own vulva. The crowdfunding platform was online from June 18 - September 6, 2013 and raised ¥100 million (194% of its total goal) from 125 people. With their support, Rokudenashiko went forward with her project, spending the rest of the year creating Man-Boat, the process of which she documented in detail on her blog.

In March 2014, Rokudenashiko successfully sailed Man-Boat down the Tama River in Tokyo (the artist referred to it as the Ta-manko River). That same month, the artist emailed the downloadable 3-D scanned data of her vulva to the 65 crowdfund supporters who had contributed ¥3,000 or more to her campaign, and gave a CD-ROM with the data to 17 others. She claimed that she distributed this data to encourage people to use the data to make their own original genitalia artwork.

First arrest
On July 12, 2014, Rokudenashiko was arrested for alleged violation of Article 175 of the criminal code for distributing obscene data, becoming the first woman in Japanese history tried on the grounds of obscenity. She spent a week in a Tokyo women's prison for the alleged violation of obscenity laws. Her arrest launched a frenzy of media attention about Rokudenashiko, her work, and images of the artist sailing the Man Boat in question down the Tama River; this surge in press led to an international outcry of support for the artist. More than 21,000 people worldwide signed an online petition on Change.org urging the government to free her immediately. She was released on July 18, 2014, after having successfully appealed her detention. Following her release, Rokudenashiko created a manga that satirized the police after her first arrest, and claims that because this action hurt the pride of the police “so they trumped up some charges and arrested me in December.”

Second arrest
The artist was arrested again at an exhibition of her diorama manko works at a sex shop on December 3, 2014, alongside the owner of the shop, writer and feminist activist Watanabe Minori (who uses the pseudonym of Kitahara Minori). Watanabe was later released. After almost a month in jail, Rokudenashiko was indicted on December 24 for three separate counts of violating Japan's obscenity law: "obscenity display", "obscenity electromagnetic record", and "obscenity electromagnetic recording medium distribution."  She pleaded not-guilty and was released on bail on December 28.

Trial
Rokudenashiko's trial began 14 April 2015 in Tokyo District Court. The trial served as a venue for the artist to challenge the double standard on representations of male bodies in comparison to female's bodies. The artist's defense was built around the claim that Man Boat was a work of art rather than a pornographic or erotic image. As shared with the creative agency MASSIVE in an interview, Rokudenashiko's  full statement to the court was as follows:“I make fun, cheerful things that attempt to overturn prevailing perceptions of female genitalia. I’ve attempted to make things specifically for supporters of my work, but was then indicted and arrested, as you know. While I find the whole ordeal absurd, it is precisely because of my arrest that so many more people have been able to think more seriously about the perception of female genitals and of their right to a freedom of expression, which is ultimately a good thing. And yet, I have absolutely no idea what makes the three pieces for which I’ve been indicted, crimes of obscenity, why other works haven’t been deemed obscene.

It has become impossible to establish a standard (of so-called obscenity), and this case will shut down any opportunity I may have in the future, to create other similar work. I am also financially challenged. If there continues to be no fair criteria, museums will be less inclined to hang challenging art or work by similar artists, and the arts as an institution will become closed minded. I am convinced of my innocence and I believe the court is capable of viewing the situation with fairness. I beg of you consider my circumstances.”Man Boat (and many other artworks) were confiscated and held as evidence over the course of the trial. At its height, Rokudenashiko could have faced up to two years in jail and fines up to ¥2.5 million (around US$25,000), but the prosecution later stated an intent to seek a fine of ¥800,000 (around US$7,800) and no jail time.

During the trial Rokudenashiko spoke out about her situation many times, explaining her perspective to the public and incorporating her legal battle into her artworks. This included attending a press meeting of the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of Japan in a widely circulated address, as well as giving an address when she won the second place prize in the Tokyo Designers Week Art Fair. She playfully mocked the police in her address at the Art Fair, saying "If I had not been arrested, I could not have spread my activities in this way, I would not have been invited to this event and I could not have let the contemporary art world know the name of Rokudenashiko. I really appreciate all the police’s support."

Verdict
On 8 May 2016, the court handed down a rare, mixed decision: Rokudenashiko was found not guilty of the charges related to the kayak, on the grounds that the sculpture, with its bright color and decoration, "did not immediately suggest female anatomy", in the words of the BBC report. However, the artist was found guilty of the charges related to the 3D data, and was fined ¥400,000 (roughly US$3,660), about half what the prosecution had suggested was appropriate. Rokudenashiko and her legal team immediately vowed to appeal.

Domestic and international media attention
Rokudenashiko's case drew international attention. Many disputes about women's rights, artistic freedom, censorship, and double standards in Japan emerged due to Igarashi's arrests. After the announcement of the verdict for her second arrest, more than 1,000 tweeted expressing anger and questioning the logic of the court. Many felt that there was a blatant double standard in the manner in which Japan's obscenity laws functioned; a widespread example, especially among those living outside Japan, was that male genitalia are shown at shrines and festivals (such as the Kanamara penis festival), while women's genitalia in an object as innocent as a kayak could be grounds for arrest.  The Daily Show host Jon Stewart noted that in Japan, female reproductive organs remain taboo while there is a festival dedicated to the penis. An article in The Guardian inquired, "how can it be OK for comics to publish underage pornography but illegal to invite people to 3D scan your vagina?"

The documentary #Female Pleasure by Swiss director Barbara Miller accompanied Igarashi during the trial. The film is a portrait of five women committed to a self-determined female sexuality, including the artist.

Web museum

In February 2023, Rokudenashiko established 6d745 Software, a company aimed at creating art pieces utilizing AI and web technologies. Later in June of the same year, she unveiled the "Rokudenashiko Museum", a web-based art museum accessible via browsers, at an exhibition in Art Lab TOKYO.
Within the museum, visitors can interact with characters in a 3D environment to view and comment on art pieces. Additionally, the museum offers a role-playing experience titled "Detention Game", which is based on her personal experiences.
Rokudenashiko has expressed that her goal is "provides a fun and cutting-edge alternative to the art industry's existing bias towards physical-world museums"

Books

 Rokudenashiko, ワイセツって何ですか？[Waisetsu’tte nandesuka? What is Obscenity?] (Tokyo: Kinyōbi, 2015).
 Rokudenashiko, 私の体がワイセツ?!女のそこだけなぜタブー [Watashi no karada ga waisetsu?! Onna no soko dake naze tabū, My Body Is Obscene?!: Why Is Only My Lady Part Taboo?], (Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 2015).
 Rokudenashiko, What is Obscenity? The Story of a Good for Nothing Artist and Her Pussy (Koyama Press, 2016), English Translation by A. Ishii ()

Exhibitions

2012
 Deco Man Exhibition, Ginza Vanilla-Mania, Tokyo, Japan

2014
 Let's play with Manko! Manko Exhibition, Shinjuku Ophthalmologist （Ganka）Gallery, Tokyo,  Japan

2016
 Feminism Fan in Japan and Friends, Youkobo Art Space, Tokyo

 SCHAM 100 GRÜNDE, ROT ZU WERDEN, DHMD Museum of Art, Dresden, Germany

2020
 BURST Generation : Death and SEX, Shinjuku Ophthalmologist （Ganka）Gallery, Tokyo, Japan
 COMIC SALON, Museum for Communication Berlin, Berlin, Germany
 COMIC SALON, Erika Fuchs Haus, Schwarzenbach an der Saale, Germany

2021
 Bijyutsu VAGINA, Kyoto KUNST ARZT, Kyoto, Japan

2022
 COMIC SALON ERLANGEN, Erlangen, Germany

2023
 It’s not here - Considerations on Reality as Virtual Universe, ArtLabTokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Personal life
The artist married Mike Scott, the frontman of Scottish folk rock band The Waterboys, in October 2016. Their first child, a son, was born on 2 February 2017.

See also
 Feminist art
 Labia pride
 Jamie McCartney, an artist known for the Great Wall of Vagina

References

External links

Living people
1970s births
20th-century Japanese women artists
20th-century Japanese artists
21st-century Japanese women artists
21st-century Japanese artists
Japanese sculptors
Japanese feminists
Feminist artists
Japanese pop artists
Japanese multimedia artists
Manga artists
Vagina and vulva in art
Women and sexuality
Sexuality in arts
Obscenity controversies in comics
Anime and manga controversies
Obscenity law
Nude art
Japanese women sculptors


title: Konstantinos Papadakis (politician)

text:
Konstantinos Papadakis (; born 18 April 1975 in Athens) is a Greek politician. In 2014, he was elected to the European Parliament to represent the Communist Party of Greece.

Member of the European Parliament

In the 2014 European Parliament election, he was elected one of two MEPs on the list of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He is non-inscrit, not affiliating with any parliamentary group. He is however member of the Committee on Regional Development, of the Delegation for relations with the Palestinian Legislative Council and of the Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean.

On 2 March 2022, he was one of 13 MEPs who voted against condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

On 15 September 2022, he was one of 16 MEPs who voted against condemning President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua for human rights violations, in particular the arrest of Bishop Rolando Álvarez.

References

External links

1975 births
Politicians from Athens
Living people
Communist Party of Greece MEPs
MEPs for Greece 2014–2019
MEPs for Greece 2019–2024


title: Sava Gerchev

text:
Sava Gerchev (, born 22 January 1914, date of death unknown) was a Bulgarian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1914 births
Year of death missing
Bulgarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Bulgaria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Jacek Woroniecki

text:
Adam Marian Tomasz Pius Leon duke Korybut Woroniecki, religious name Jacek (December 21, 1878 in Lublin – May 18, 1949 in Kraków) was a Polish Servant of God.

He was a priest and member of the Dominican Order, theologian, teacher, professor of ethics and scholastic philosopher. He was also the rector of the Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (the Catholic University of Lublin) from 1922 to 1924, a member of Polska Akademia Umiejętności (the Polish Academy of Learning), professor of the Angelicum and the founder of Zgromadzenie Sióstr Dominikanek Misjonarek Jezusa i Maryi (the Congregation of Sisters Dominicans Missionaries of Jesus and Mary).

References

1878 births
1949 deaths
Members of the Dominican Order
Polish Roman Catholic theologians
20th-century Polish philosophers
Polish Servants of God
Academic staff of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin


title: Harford Fountain

text:
Harford Fountain, is a 19th-century grade II listed fountain in Harford Square, in Lampeter, Ceredigion.

History

The Fountain was built in 1862, restored in 1990 and listed in 1992. It is made of grey Forest of Dean stone. It is an obelisk on a panelled pedestal base. There are iron Spigots one each side, which are mounted on wrought-iron cruciform supports, that have brass fox-mask mouths. There are shields each side, one with carved Harford Arms. The inscription records that the fountain was a gift from J S Harford of Peterwell. The Harford family lived at the Falcondale Estate, on the outskirts of Lampeter. The fountain provided the first drinking water for the people in the town

References

Fountains in the United Kingdom
Grade II listed buildings in Ceredigion
Lampeter


title: James Wedge

text:
James "Jimmy" Wedge (born 1939) is a British fashion designer, milliner and fashion photographer.

Early life and education
Wedge was born into a poor working-class family. Having little education and never having taken an exam, he joined the British Navy. Whilst there, he took a drawing correspondence course and was eventually admitted to Walthamstow College of Art, entering the fashion department. Wedge describes hat design as being "like sculpture". Wedge then did a two-year course at the Royal College of Art.

Hat designer
At the first end of year show, he did all the hats and drew the attention of the designer Ronald Paterson, who asked him if we would like to do hats for his collections. As they were all couture hats, Wedge designed extreme creations to showcase his talents and garner publicity. Liberty of London offered him a free workshop if they could have first choice of what to sell in his shop, although he was allowed to sell the rest elsewhere. Working out of a small house at 4 Ganton Street starting in about 1962, his staff grew to seven people. He was also able to help his art school friends Sally Tuffin and Marion Foale start as designers.

Top Gear and Countdown
Together with Pat Booth, he set up the boutique Top Gear on the King's Road, London. He also set up Countdown, also on the King's Road, where the rents were low. Wedge preferred the area to Carnaby Street where he didn't appreciate the fashion. They bought their stock in very short runs from local craftwork suppliers. According to Wedge, Mick Jagger's famous white frock, worn at 1969's Stones in the Park free concert in London's Hyde Park came from Countdown.

Influence
Wedge helped Marion Foale and Sally Tuffin become established as designers and retailers. According to Tuffin, to make their clothes, they "worked on the billiards table in Jimmy Wedge's flat". According to Foale, Wedge had his offices in Ganton Street and told them about a place round the corner in Marlborough Court with a low rent. Soon, they needed more space, so Wedge found space for them above him, and when he moved out, they took over 4 Ganton Street in its entirety.

Photography
By 1970, Wedge and Booth both believed that the King's Road scene was over and Wedge moved into photography, as did Booth soon after. Wedge was already friendly with David Bailey and especially Terence Donovan, and was persuaded by Donovan's lifestyle – driving a Rolls-Royce, with a model on his arm – to change career in the late 1960s. Wedge had become friends with an actress who purchased her clothes from his Top Gear boutique, and she had bought her husband a camera that he did not want, so Wedge bought it from her.

For four years during the mid-1980s, Wedge lived together with actress Helen Mirren, as her boyfriend, and took a suite of erotic photographs with Mirren throughout their cohabitation. The pair had previously worked together during the 1970s, including a cover photo for the Observer magazine for 11 July 1971.

References

British fashion designers
Living people
1939 births
Photographers from London
British milliners
Alumni of Walthamstow College of Art


title: Josef Genschieder

text:
Josef Genschieder (4 February 1915 – 3 April 1943) was an Austrian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during World War II.

References

External links

1915 births
1943 deaths
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Vienna
Austrian military personnel killed in World War II


title: Samaris (disambiguation)

text:
Samaris is a genus of crested flounders native to the Indo-Pacific.

Samaris may also refer to:

Samariscus, a genus of crested flounders native to the Indo-Pacific
Samaris (band), an Icelandic electronic music band
Andreas Samaris (born 1989), Greek footballer
Samaris, a fictional city in François Schuiten and Benoît Peeters' Samaris


title: Ian Charleson Hedge

text:
Ian Charleson Hedge (18 August 1928 – 7 August 2022) was a Scottish botanist at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh. Hedge made important contributions to the flora of Iran and Iraq, and was a recognised authority on the flora of south-west Asia. He named more than 300 new plant species.

Biography
Hedge spent seven months collecting in Turkey in 1957 with Peter Davis. Together they gathered more than 6,000 specimens. Then he spent 3 months in Afghanistan with (a Norwegian botanist) Per Wendelbo,  they made significant collections to the Garden Herbarium in 1962 in the north and north-east of the country and then he returned in 1969 with Wendelbo and Lars Ekberg. They were one of the first botanists to explore the area.

He described Salvia buchananii in the Botanical Magazine in 1963.

In 1982, he published a book about Salvia's, which recognised up to 86 species.

In 1986, Ian and Professor Karl Rechinger published Plant life of South-West Asia by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, it was dedicated to Karl Heinz Rechinger on his eightieth birthday.

By 1988, he was the curator of the Botanical Garden Herbarium.

He collected in Portugal in the 1990s. Then with Fatima Sales, he published 'Jasione L. taxonomy and phylogeny' in 2002. Also 'Three perplexing names of species of Campanula L.'  and 'The taxonomy and conservation of Campanula primulifolia (Campanulaceae), a critically endangered species in the Iberian Peninsula' in 2010 (with Anna Trias-Blasi, Eddie, William M.M. and Michel Möller).

He contributed to 'The Davis Festschrift' (edited by Kit Tan) on Peter Hadland Davis's 70th birthday and his own 60th Birthday in 1989.

In 1999, he was honoured by the naming of Ianhedgea, a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae from central Asia and Tibet.

He is mentioned in Mabberley's Plant-book of 2003 and his The Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants (in 1990).

In 2010, with other members of the Royal Botanical Garden, he identified various plant specimens for Mark Price's book 'Animal Re-introductions: The Arabian Oryx in Oman'.

On 31 January 2012, he appealed (on behalf of the Royal Botanic Garden) via the BBC to the Pakistani government to release more than 4,000 copies of a botany text book destined for Afghanistan schools and environmental groups. The 10 tonnes of books had been held at customs in Karachi for the past year. It is the 'Field Guide Afghanistan Flora and Vegetation', written by Ian and Siegmar-Walter Breckle in 2010.

Hedge died on 7 August 2022, at the age of 93.

Other sources
 M. Alam, 2009, "Plant Collectors in Afghanistan", Bulletin de la Société vaudoise  des Sciences naturelles, 91(3): 327-329
 K. Tan (ed.), 1989, Plant taxonomy, phytogeography and related subjects. The Davis & Hedge Festschrift.
 Kent, D.H. & Allen, D.E., Brit. Irish Herb. (1984)

Bibliography
 Studies in the Flora of Afghanistan by Ian Charleson Hedge and Per Wendelbo, 1963
 Flora Iranica: Capparidaceae - Volume 68 (Ian Charleson Hedge - 1970)
 Index of collectors in the Edinburgh Herbarium / edited by I. C. Hedge and J. M. Lamond, Edinburgh Herbarium, 1970
 Plant life of South-West Asia. Edited by Peter Hadland Davis, Peter Charles Harper and Ian Charleson Hedge (1971),
 Flora Europea (Ian Charleson Hedge - 1972)
 A revision of Salvia in Africa and the Canary Islands. (Ian Hedge - 1974)
 Aizoaceae (Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond - 1975)
 Molluginaceae (Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond - 1975)
 Iridaceae: Aizoaceae (Karl Heinz Rechinger, Per Wendelbo, Brian Mathew, Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond, Jindrich Chrtek, Bohdan Křísa, Henriëtte Dorothea Schotsman, Harald Riedl - 1975)
 Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 7, Labiatae. (Ian Hedge and P.H Davis) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1982
 Flora of Cyprus. Ian C Hedge (R.D. Meikle -editor), Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, 1985
 Umbelliferae / I.C. Hedge editor, Karl Heinz Rechinger  Hedge, Ian C. (Ian Charleson) 1987
 Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Related Subjects: Davis and Hedge Festschrift by P. H. Davis, Ian Charleson Hedge, Kit Tan and R.R. Mill (2 Nov 1989)
 Chenopodiaceae (Ian Hedge) 1997
 Labiatae (Ian Charleson Hedge, S. I. Ali, Yasin J. Nasir - 1990 )
 Flora of Pakistan. No. 204, Chenopodiaceae (Heiko Freitag, Ian Charleson Hedge, S. M. H. Jafri) 2001
 Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Ian Hedge, The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, 1997.
 Field Guide Afghanistan Flora and Vegetation (Ian Hedge and Siegmar-Walter Breckle, 2010

References

External links
 Has photo of Ian Hedge

1928 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Scottish botanists
21st-century Scottish botanists
Scientists from Edinburgh


title: 2014–15 SSC Napoli season

text:
The 2014–15 season was Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli's 69th season in Serie A. The team competed in Serie A, the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Europa League, and the Supercoppa Italiana.

Players

Squad information

Transfers

In

Out

Pre-season and friendlies

Competitions

Supercoppa Italiana

Serie A

League table

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

Coppa Italia

UEFA Champions League

Play-off round

UEFA Europa League

Group stage

Knockout phase

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Goalkeepers

|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Defenders

|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Midfielders

|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Forwards

|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#5DAFE3; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"| Players transferred out during the season

Goalscorers

Last updated: 31 May 2015

Clean sheets

Disciplinary record

References

SSC Napoli seasons
Napoli
Napoli
Napoli


title: F. M. Ilyas

text:
F. M. Ilyas (Marathi एफ. एम. इलियास  ) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who is best known for Arjun. His objective is to leverage his creative skills to empower cinema as medium of positive change in society.

Personal life
F M Ilyas always wanted to be a writer and director. His school teacher, Qasim Shaikh, a classical music listener, master of English literature, and Hollywood film buff, encouraged Ilyas toward his career in cinema.

Originally from Khed, District Ratnagirir, from Maharashtra, he was born and brought up in a Marathi Muslim family in Kalwa, located in Thane district.  His father was employed in Mumbai Port Trust. Schooled at Kalwa-Thane, he later joined Akbar Peerbhoy College to complete higher secondary education studies. He completed his course in interior design and teamed up with his brother to offer interior and decoration services to events like marriages and festivals. He later on did small businesses but was eagerly waiting for an opportunity to work in the film industry. Eventually he started his own entertainment company, Cinematics, his most awaited dream.

Career
Arjun was his debut film.  His current biopic Marathi feature film is Bhai Kotwal ( भाई कोतवाल ), the social reformer and militant freedom fighter from Karjat, Maharashtra, India.  It is scheduled for release in 2015

Filmography
Arjun
Bhai Kotwal

References

Further reading
 BSE opens door to moviedom with Marathi language film, Arjun
 अर्जुन येतोय...
 शहराकडे चला...

External links

Living people
Marathi film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Josef Moser (cyclist)

text:
Josef Moser (24 January 1917 – 18 August 1944) was an Austrian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1917 births
1944 deaths
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Vienna


title: Josef Moser

text:
Josef Moser may refer to:

 Josef Moser (cyclist) (born 1917), Austrian Olympic cyclist
 Josef Moser (jurist) (born 1955), Austrian lawyer and politician
 Josef Moser (entomologist) (1861–1944), Austrian entomologist


title: Alexander Stewart (British Columbia politician)

text:
Alexander Stewart was a Canadian politician, who was the mayor of Victoria, British Columbia from 1914 to 1916.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Karl Schmaderer

text:
Karl Schmaderer (2 September 1914 – 14 June 2000) was an Austrian cyclist. Schmaderer competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1914 births
2000 deaths
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Vienna


title: St Mary's Church, Kidwelly

text:
The Church of Saint Mary is a Grade I Listed Building in the town of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The church was listed in December 1963 (Cadw Building ID: 11878). Founded c. 1114 the church was burnt down in 1223 and most of the existing building dates from c. 1320 when it was a Benedictine priory.

It has been listed as the largest parish church in south west Wales, exceptional for the broach spire and fine decorative 14th-century Gothic detail.

References

External links
Artwork at Church of Saint Mary, Kidwelly

Grade I listed churches in Carmarthenshire
14th-century church buildings in Wales
Saint Mary


title: Karl Wölfl

text:
Karl Wölfl (5 January 1914 – 29 November 2004) was an Austrian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1914 births
2004 deaths
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: John Hopkins (travel writer)

text:
John Livingston Hopkins Jr. (5 August 1938 – 25 April 2021) was an American novelist and travel writer.

Biography
Hopkins was born in Orange, New Jersey.

Hopkins lived in Tangier, Morocco from 1962 to 1979 where he was a member of the Anglo/American literary crowd of the 1960s and 1970s, becoming friends with William Burroughs, Paul Bowles and Jane Bowles.

He wrote several novels, among them Tangier Buzzless Flies and The Flight of the Pelican, and travel memoirs including The Tangier Diaries, The South American Diaries and The White Nile Diaries.

Latterly Hopkins lived in Oxfordshire, England.

Marriage and children
Hopkins married Ellen Ann Ragsdale in 1977.  They had three sons.

Bibliography

Novels
The Attempt (1968)
Tangier Buzzless Flies (1972)
The Flight of the Pelican (1983)
In the Chinese Mountains (1990)
All I Wanted was Company (1999)

Diaries
The Tangier Diaries 1962-1979 (1995)
The South American Diaries (2007)
The White Nile Diaries (2014)

References

1938 births
2021 deaths
Writers from Orange, New Jersey
American travel writers
American male non-fiction writers
Princeton University alumni


title: Emma Rush

text:
Emma Rush is a lecturer in philosophy and ethics at Charles Sturt University Faculty of Arts, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, notable for her work on sexualisation of children.

In 2006, Rush worked on a series of reports for The Australia Institute. Two of the reports which she co-authored led to a senate inquiry into the sexualisation of children.

Rush has also been consulted by the media, including Australia's ABC News and The Sydney Morning Herald.

Research
Rush's main areas of research are: ethics in public life, particularly, sexualisation of children and the corporatisation of child care; professional ethics, particularly social work ethics, with a developing project on resilience; and environmental ethics.

Media
Rush has acted as a media consultant over issues relating to sexualisation, advertising and pornography debates by ABC Radio, Australia, ABC News, Australia, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Conversation, and Melinda Tankard Reist's website.

Selected bibliography

Ph.D thesis

2006 papers for The Australia Institute
2006 discussion papers for the Australia Institute
  Pdf version.
  Pdf version.
  Pdf version.
  Pdf version.

2006 web papers for the Australia Institute
  Pdf version.
  Pdf version.
  Pdf version.

Chapters in books

 Rush, E., Short, M., Burningham, G., Cartledge, J. (2020). ‘Philosophy and ethics: Sustaining social inclusion in the disability sector’. In Crisp, B.R. and Taket, A. (Eds.), Sustaining Social Inclusion, Routledge, pp. 203–217. ISBN (electronic) 9780429397936

Journal articles

 Strong, C. and Rush, E. (2018) Musical genius and/or nasty piece of work? Dealing with violence and sexual assault in accounts of popular music’s past, Continuum, https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1483009.
 Short, M., Dempsey, K., Ackland, J., Rush, E., Heller, E. & Dwyer, H. (2018). What is a person? Deepening students’ and colleagues’ understanding of person-centredness, Advances in Social Work & Welfare Education, vol. 20, no.1, pp. 139–156. ISSN 1329-0584

References

External links
 Profile page: Dr Emma Rush School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Charles Sturt University
 Emma Rush OCLC WorldCat Identities

Anti-pornography activists
Anti-prostitution activists
Date of birth missing (living people)
Feminist philosophers
Living people
Australian philosophers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Charles Sturt University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Environmental ethicists


title: BBC Programme Identifier

text:
A BBC Programme Identifier (PID) is an alphanumeric, persistent, unique identifier for a television or radio programme brand, a season or series, or an individual episode, used by the BBC in their web URLs, iPlayer viewers, and internal databases.

All PIDs consist of a lower-case letter, followed by seven or more other characters which may be lower case letters, or digits. Vowels (a, e, i, o, u) are not used, so that offensive words cannot be generated inadvertently. The first letter "b" means the content reference identifier (CRID) authority is Red Bee; a "p" means that the authority is the BBC's Programme Information Pages database, (PIPs). An "s" is used internally, for PIDs identifying partners and suppliers. Other sources, denoted by different opening letters, could potentially be introduced.

For example, the PID for the series The Life Scientific is b015sqc7 while the PID for the individual episode of that show first broadcast on 8 July 2014 is b048l0g3 which is used in its URL, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b048l0g3.

PIDs have been created retrospectively, for some programmes from the pre-digital era. An example, in the "p" range, is the PID for the 1956 Desert Island Discs episode featuring Ada Cherry Kearton, p009y95q.

Most PIDs have eight characters, but in the past, some World Service programmes were given eleven-character PIDs, starting with "w"; an example is wcr5dr3dnl3.

The BBC encourages viewers and listeners to machine tag media relating to programmes, on social sites such as Flickr, and their own blog posts, using the relevant PID, in the format bbc:programme=b048l0g3.

PIDs are also used to identify BBC programmes, in Wikidata.

References

External links

 Description of use of PIDs in linked data
 Article on the development of PIDs
 2004 post explaining thinking behind BBC URL structure
 BBC Programmes and Music on the Linking Open Data Cloud - 2008 Presentation on SlideShare by Patrick Sinclair, Content Producer at the BBC
 Linked Data on the BBC - 2009 Presentation on SlideShare by Patrick Sinclair, Content Producer at the BBC

BBC
Identifiers


title: Meremäe birch grove

text:
Meremäe birch grove, also known as Kärner birch grove, is a forest stand under protection in Meremäe rural municipality, in Meremäe village in Estonia. The surface area of the grove is  and it is under state protection. The grove was taken under protection for the first time by decision no 33 of the executive committee of the Council of People's Deputies on 30 March 1962 “Arranging of Preservation of Nature and the Protection of Cultural Monuments in Võru District”.
The birch grove has also been called Kärner's grove, because the forest stand was situated on the land of the former Kärner farm. People of Meremäe consider the birch grove as their recreation area and a delightful sight, as well as a symbol of the region. It is mostly a grove consisting of birches, with spruce being the dominant tree in the undergrowth.

References

Forests of Estonia
Setomaa Parish


title: Roud (disambiguation)

text:
Roud is the Roud Folk Song Index, a database collected from oral tradition in the English language.

Roud may also refer to:

Places

 Roud, Isle of Wight, a hamlet in England

People
 Gustave Roud (1897–1976), Swiss poet and photographer
 Richard Roud (1929–1989), American writer on film
 Steve Roud, creator of the Roud Folk Song Index


title: Conner House (disambiguation)

text:
Conner House may refer to:

in the United States
(by state, then city)

 Wesley O. Conner House, Cave Spring, Georgia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Floyd County, Georgia
 William Conner House, Fishers, Indiana, NRHP-listed
 George Conner House, Fredericktown, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Washington County, Kentucky
 Donald L. Conner House, Midland, Michigan, listed on the NRHP in Midland County, Michigan
 Alexander Conner House, Xenia, Ohio, NRHP-listed
 Dr. Beadie E. and Willie R. Conner House and Park, Austin, Texas, listed on the NRHP in Travis County, Texas
 Sweeney-Conner Cabin, near Appomattox, Virginia, NRHP district contributing property
 Conner House, Manassas Park, Virginia, NRHP-listed

See also
 Connor House (disambiguation)


title: 2014 Moscow Metro derailment

text:
On 15 July 2014, at around 8:40 am MSK (UTC+04:00), an outbound Moscow Metro train derailed between Park Pobedy and Slavyansky Bulvar stations of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya Line. Casualties reported include 24 dead and 160 injured. Early reports suggested a power surge or a terrorist attack to be the cause of the derailment, but both were soon dismissed.

This accident was the deadliest ever recorded in the history of the Moscow metro system, and the second to occur due to a technical failure (after the 1982 Aviamotornaya escalator accident).

Background

The Moscow Metro, one of the busiest in the world and serving up to nine million passengers on a daily basis, covered  of route and included 194 stations at the time of the derailment. Despite having a reputation for reliability, the system had been increasingly suffering from mismanagement, cost-cutting practices, poor maintenance and outages in recent years.

According to several media reports, a Facebook user announced that two weeks prior to the disaster, he filed an official request to the head of the underground system reporting "problems with the tracks." The user quoted from the reply received in his e-mail: "The tracks are maintained in conformity with the technical standards and tolerances. Problems with mechanical switches in the joints have not been detected, being that the size of the gaps correspond to the technical regulations."

Derailment

The derailment occurred  away from the Park Pobedy station outbound towards the Slavyansky Bulvar station, near the railroad switch to a then-unused track for the western section of the Kalininskaya Line. The switch was installed a few weeks prior to the accident, as part of a construction project initiated in 2013 that was working to extend the Kalininskaya Line to the western part of Solntsevo District. Surviving passengers who were unable to cross the debris were evacuated through several construction drifts leading to the surface shaft.

The derailment also caused a massive power outage on the line; another train, which was located in the tunnel at the time of accident some  from Slavyansky Bulvar, was also stuck, and passengers had to be evacuated. There were no medical injuries reported from that train.

Early reports cited a power surge as the cause of the accident, but this has not been confirmed and remains under investigation. Passengers on the train described cars striking one another, with most of the impact occurring at the front of the train. The first car, where all of the deaths reportedly occurred, had jackknifed in on itself, and the cars behind it piled up on each other. The final two cars remained on the tracks and were only slightly damaged.

Victims
There were 24 killed in the accident (22 initially, 2 in hospitals), and about 118 were hospitalized. Seventeen of the victims were Russian citizens, and the remaining victims included 2 citizens of Tajikistan, 2 citizens of China, and one person each from Ukraine, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan. About 42 people remained in "serious condition". Another 200 people were evacuated from the Metro; those with injuries were attended outside the station. Initial reports stated that an additional 20 passengers remained underground, trapped in one of the cars. The train operator, a 29-year-old man, survived the crash, but was badly injured and had to undergo cranial surgery.

An accident witness reported to a news agency:

A spokesperson for the transport commission indicated that all passengers were "evacuated from the affected stations by midday". Terrorist threat was suspected, but quickly dismissed in this case. In the early morning of 17 July, personnel finished clearing away the debris and reported another casualty. In total, 17 corpses were removed from the debris, with the remainder of the victims succumbing to critical injuries within 24 hours of rescue. The tunnel was reportedly ready for repairs and night time maintenance as of 1:00 am local time on 18 July and restored to full functionality around 6:00 am.

Replacement service

 On Kievskaya, Kuncevskaya and Molodezhnaya entered in antipanic mode (permanently opened gates). As result passengers on Kievskaya railway include VKO aeroexpress and who disembarked at Kuntsevo became free
 Detected illegal 523 bus (must ride Sokol to Skolkovo, de facto to Kuntsevo only)
 2 City Sightseeing buses as bonus on replacement service

Investigation
On 15 July 2014, the Investigative Committee of Russia opened a criminal investigation of the accident, according to part 3 of Article 263.1 of the Criminal Code (violation of the requirements of transport safety). Supervising examination of the accident site, investigators interviewed witnesses and employees. Vladimir Markin, the Committee's official representative, said that several causes for the accident were being considered, but that all were technical, there being no connection with terrorist attacks. He stated that certain people would be investigated and suspects would be identified.

On 16 July 2014, a senior track master and his assistant, who had worked on the installation of the new switch, were detained on a charge of negligence. According to investigators, they installed it incorrectly two months previously using a  wire instead of special equipment to forcibly lock the switch, as it led to a yet incomplete tunnel. This wire could have failed and got the switch stuck in an intermediate position, derailing the train. Unprofessional operation of the train was said to have been another contributing factor, as the previous train that had passed over the switch 3 to 4 minutes before the accident had been traveling at a lower speed, and thus had not derailed.

On 22 July 2014, Ivan Besedin, chief executive of the Moscow Metro, was removed from office by Mayor Sergey Sobyanin. Besedin was replaced by former chief executive of the high speed railway branch of Russian Railways, Dmitry Pegov, in order to restore Muscovites' faith in the metro safety.

Verdicts
The first trial on the matter ended and the verdicts were announced on 9 November 2015. Track master assistant Yuri Gordov was sentenced to 6 years of imprisonment, track repair deputy director Aleksei Trofimov, senior track master Valeri Bashkatov and deputy director of the subcontractor company "Spetstekhrekonstruktsiya" Anatoli Kruglov each were sentenced to 5.5 years of imprisonment. There is a separate investigation involving six additional defendants that was still ongoing at the time of conclusion of the first trial.

References

2014 disasters in Russia
2014 in Moscow
Derailments in Russia
derailment, 2014 Moscow Metro
July 2014 events in Russia
Railway accidents in 2014


title: Joonas Cavén

text:
Joonas Ilmari Cavén (born 9 January 1993) is a Finnish professional basketball player who currently plays for the Tampereen Pyrintö of Finland's Korisliiga. He has previously played in Spain for Joventut Badalona of the Liga ACB, but mostly for the club's development team CB Prat of the Spanish third tier league LEB Plata. He also competes for the Finnish national team as he made his debut in August 2013 against Russia.

Professional career
Cavén played for the Tampereen Pyrintö junior team in 2009–10 before he joined the senior team in 2010–11 where he made his debut on 12 January 2011. He also spent time with the junior team in 2010–11 as well.

In 2011, Cavén signed with Joventut Badalona and immediately joined their junior team CB Prat of the LEB Plata. After two seasons playing for Prat, Cavén made his Liga ACB debut on 20 October 2013 and went on to play a further four games for Joventut in 2013–14.

In April 2014, Cavén declared for the 2014 NBA draft but later withdrew his entry before the deadline.

On 1 November 2014 Cavén was selected by the Reno Bighorns with the 10th overall pick in the 2014 NBA D-League draft. On 21 January 2015 he was traded to the Delaware 87ers in exchange for the player rights for Melvin Johnson III and the returning player rights to Elijah Pittman.

On 30 September 2015 Cavén returned to Tampereen Pyrintö.

References

External links
Eurobasket.com Profile
ACB.com Profile

1993 births
Living people
CB Prat players
Delaware 87ers players
Finnish expatriate basketball people in Spain
Finnish expatriate basketball people in the United States
Finnish men's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)
Joventut Badalona players
Liga ACB players
People from Nokia, Finland
Reno Bighorns players
Tampereen Pyrintö players
Sportspeople from Pirkanmaa


title: St Cadoc's Church, Cheriton

text:
The Church of St Cadoc, sometimes referred to as "The Cathedral of Gower", is a Grade I listed building and an Anglican church located in the hamlet of Cheriton on the north side of the Gower Peninsula, Wales, United Kingdom.

The present church was built in the 13th century and is believed to have replaced an earlier church within the manor of Landimore. Restoration was carried out on two occasions in the 19th century and again in 1934. The font may have been salvaged from the earlier church which was abandoned because of the encroaching sea.

The original church
The first church in the district is supposed to have been built by the family of Payn de Turberville, who granted it to the Knights Hospitallers of St John at Slebech in about 1165. The exact site of the earlier church is uncertain. The name "Cheriton" derives from "church town", but this name is thought to have been given in recognition of the new church.

The present church
The church has a saddleback roof with a defensive intent. The interior of the church contained medieval wall paintings, including scriptural quotations and vine-leaf patterns, but these were destroyed during the Victorian era. Eighteenth-century maps show the church in its present location, near a mill, which went out of use in the 19th century, and "Great House", which was demolished at a similar date.

In the 1840s, Rev W. L. Collins had the original pews removed, and installed a new window, which was itself replaced during the restoration of the mid-1870s, carried out by Rev J. D. Davies, the Rector of Llanmadoc and author of A History of West Gower. Diocesan architect John Prichard was involved in this work, as he was in numerous other restorations of the period.

References

External links

 The Gower – Places of Worship
 The Church in Wales

Cheriton, St Cadoc


title: Uusvada ludimägi

text:
Uusvada ludimägi is a sacred place in Setomaa Parish, Uusvada village. Next to Ludimägi is an ancient human settlement place that is under protection as archaeological monument no. 13598.
This sacred place is one of three sacred places in Uusvada village. Ludimägi was a gathering place for the village people on holidays: Midsummer Day and Kolbripäev (Walpurgis Night). On holidays, bonfires were set up on Ludimägi. During Soviet times, a kolkhoz cellar was built on Uusvada ludimägi from dolomite, which was later used as a horse stable. However, the cellar has collapsed and all that is left are limestone cellar walls. Uusvada ludimägi is a private property, in Ludimägi estate. Ludimägi is 100 metres off from the parish road, there is no access road to Ludimägi and it can only be accessed on foot.

References

Shrines
Archaeological sites in Estonia


title: Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II

text:
Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1864 – 6 February 1939) was the thirty-fifth and last sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He reigned from 1874 to 1903. Despite long lasting resistance his rule ended up being conquered by the Dutch colonial state (Dutch East Indies).

Colonial invasion

Tuanku Muhammad Da'ud was the son of Tuanku Zainul Abidin and the grandson of Sultan Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah. When his father and grandfather died in rapid succession in 1870, the throne went to a prince from another branch, Alauddin Mahmud Syah II. This was a period of strong colonial expansion in Southeast Asia. Dutch fear of involvement by some other foreign power in northern Sumatra led them to pursue an aggressive policy vis-à-vis the hitherto independent Aceh, which resulted in the outbreak of the Aceh War on 26 March 1873. During the Second Aceh Expedition in 1873-74, the capital Kutaraja was occupied by the colonial troops. Alauddin Mahmud Syah was evacuated by his retainers but died of cholera on 28 January 1874. Three days later the commanding general Jan van Swieten declared Aceh's inclusion in the Netherlands Indies state territories, believing the war had come to an end. However, the Dutch immediately met with continuing resistance from all strata of society.

Symbolic resistance leader

After the death of Alauddin Mahmud Syah the fugitive state administration was dominated by Tuanku Hasyim, Panglima Polem of the XXII Mukims, the Panglima of the XXVI Mukims, and Sri Setia Ulama. The first two were descendants of earlier sultans but not proper claimants to the throne. In their communication with the ulamas (religious leaders) and uleëbalangs (chiefs) they strongly appealed to the religious duty of fighting the "infidel" Dutch, combined with an emerging Acehnese patriotism. In conformity with the customary laws, the elite appointed Tuanku Muhammad Da'ud as the new sultan on 4 March 1875. His name on the throne was Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah Johan Berdaulat.

The enthronement ceremony took place in the mosque of Lam Teungoh in Aneuk Galong. This was an important step as it seemed to show that Aceh still had a central government. Tuanku Hasyim acted as mangkubumi (regent) for the young sultan who took up residence in Kota Dalam (Keumala Dalam) in the Pidië area. He was eventually declared of age in 1883. His principal wife was Tengku Gambang Gading, daughter of his kinsman Tuanku Abdulmajid; he was also married to Pocut Manyak Cot Murong and Tengku Jam Manikam.

The further course of the war
Meanwhile, the war continued unabated. The common enemy united many of the elite of the old capital, chiefs,  religious leaders and other people in an unprecedented way. For long periods the Dutch-occupied area was restricted to 20 square kilometers around Kutaraja.

Among the most important resistance fighters was Teungku Chik di Tiro who gained the sultan's trust and received a royal seal. After his death in 1891 the Acehnese attacks on the Dutch position decreased.

In the 1890s the Dutch tried two ways to come to grips with resistance: either to co-opt local leaders, or to apply new and efficient anti-guerrilla tactics. These strategies slowly gave effect and the sultan and Panglima Polem had to move further towards the north-west coast of Aceh to avoid capture.

The role of the sultan
The personal role of Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah in the struggle has been debated. The well-known Dutch scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje regarded him as a non-entity of little consequence for the conduct and outcome of the war: "The young sultan, gradually emerging from childhood, soon showed that he aspired to something very different from sharing the weal and woe of his country as leader of the contest against the Gompeuni [the Dutch]. True to the traditions of his house, he sought and still seeks diversion in lawful and unlawful love, drink, fiddling, fights of animals, gambling and the pursuit of elephant and deer."

Later scholarship, on the other hand, has taken a more positive view of his contribution. The sultan was described as a cheerful and handsome man with a royal demeanour towards his chiefs, while at the same time being polite and attentive towards the people with whom he came in contact.

He appealed to Russia to grant the sultanate protectorate status and aid it in repelling the Dutch East India Company. The Sultan's request was rejected, and Aceh was eventually conquered by the Dutch.

At his court he kept some Dutch and Indonesian deserters from the colonial army who were trusted to undertake errands and even taught the sultan some Dutch songs. It was still his distant kinsman Tuanku Hasyim who exerted most of the power at the court while serving as viceroy. As long as Tuanku Hasyim was alive there was no question of surrendering to the colonial troops. The sultan's cousin and father-in-law Tuanku Abdulmajid surrendered to the Dutch in 1887, but this did not have any effect on the devotion of the sultan and viceroy. The well-known resistance fighter Teuku Umar was appointed sea commander (amirul bahri) of the west coast by the sultan but made a deal with the Dutch in 1893 and began to actively fight the Acehnese troops. The sultan sent a letter to Teuku Umar accusing him of apostasy. This, together with other factors such as the influence of his wife Cut Nyak Dhien, caused Teuku Umar to return to the sultan's party after a short while.

Surrender

Tuanku Hasyim died in 1897 and Teuku Umar was killed in 1899. In the same year General J. B. van Heutsz attacked Pidië and forced the surrender of many leaders. After a bloody defeat at Batei Ilie in 1901, the sultan and Panglima Polem fled to the Gayo highlands where the Dutch troops had not yet set foot. Van Heutsz sent the ruthless Major Van Daalen after them with a Marechausse Corps. They were unable to capture the sultan, however.

In 1902 the Dutch Army officer Hans Christoffel managed to capture the principal wife of the sultan, followed a month later by his second wife Cot Murong and one of his sons. Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah was presented with an ultimatum: if he did not surrender within a month his family would be exiled from Aceh. The sultan finally gave in. He inquired to the Dutch authorities whether he would be exiled if he surrendered. This presented a dilemma for Van Heutsz who had previously agreed with his main political advisor Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje that the sultan should be ignored and that consequently no negotiations should take place with him. Van Heutsz nevertheless gave a grudgingly approving reply to the sultan's question: "Well, goddammit, what should I now answer to that?" (Ja, godverdomme, wat moet ik daar nou op antwoorden?). After instructing his principal chiefs to keep on fighting, the sultan met with the Dutch in the forest of Merasa Ië Leubeuë on 10 January 1903 and was taken to Kutaraja. Van Heutsz arranged for a highly publicized ceremony of surrender where a life-size photo of Queen Wilhelmina was displayed in the hall, and he received the sultan from a podium. Panglima Polem followed suit in September in the same year. Snouck Hurgronje was furious with Van Heutsz for disregarding his advice. However, these two surrenders broke much of the remaining resistance, although the Aceh War continued on a lower scale until about 1910-12.

The Dutch provided the sultan with a comfortable house and a monthly allowance of 1,200 guilders. In 1907 it was revealed that the sultan had secretly helped plan attacks on Dutch positions. The colonial authorities therefore resolved to exile him to Java and then to Ambon Island. In 1918 he was allowed to settle in Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) in Batavia. The ex-sultan died there on 6 February 1939 and is buried in Rawamangun. He left a son, Tuanku Raja Ibrahim, who died in 1982.

References

Literature

 Alfian, Teuku Ibrahim (1976) 'Acheh Sultanate under Sultan Mohammad Daudsyah and the Dutch War', in Sartono Kartodirdjo (ed.), Profiles of Malay Culture: Historiography, Religion and Politics. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture, pp. 147–66.
 Missbach, Antje (2010) 'The Aceh War and the Influence of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje', in Arndt Graf et al. (eds), Aceh: History, Politics and Culture. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 39–62.
 Rep, Jelte (1996) Atjeh, Atjeh. Baarn: De Prom.
 Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan (1906) The Achehnese. Vols. I-II. Leiden: Brill.
 Zainuddin, H.M. (1961) Tarich Atjeh dan Nusantara, Jilid I. Medan: Pustaka Iskandar Muda.

Sultans of Aceh
Aceh War
1864 births
1939 deaths
Acehnese people
People from the Dutch East Indies


title: Dushman (1939 film)

text:
Dushman is a 1939 Hindi social romantic drama film. It was directed by Nitin Bose for  New Theatres Calcutta Production. The film starred K. L. Saigal, Leela Desai, Najmul Hassan, Prithviraj Kapoor, Nemo and Jagdish Sethi. The music was composed by Pankaj Mullick and the lyrics were written by Arzu Lucknavi. Nitin Bose besides directing also wrote the story and wielded the camera for the film. The dialogue writer was Sudarshan. The story subject about tuberculosis was suggested as a propaganda film by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow and his wife, who were then the Chairman and Patron of King George’s Tuberculosis Fund.

The film is about two friends who want to marry the same girl unknowingly till one of them discovers he has tuberculosis. He decides to sacrifice his love but ends up in a sanatorium where he is treated.

Story
Mohan (K. L. Saigal) and Gita (Leela Desai)  are friends and discover they are in love. Gita visits Mohan at his house regularly and they also rendezvous at night by the lakeside where they listen to a tramp on his violin. Mohan is making plans on increasing his allowance while Gita is worried about his health. Mohan works at a radio station as a singer. His boss (Jagdish Sethi) at the radio station is rough and kind in turn. Mohan’s friend Dr. Kedar (Najmul Hassan) is also worried about his health and repeatedly suggests Mohan take a rest from work and the city for at least a year. He advises Mohan not to think of getting married till that time. Gita’s mother (Devbala) and Aunt (Manorama Sr.) have found a suitable boy Dr. Kedar, for Gita without her knowledge. They invite him for tea where he brings Mohan with him. Mohan realises the set-up and leaves the house asking Gita to meet him at their usual place. He tells Gita that it’s time for them to stop meeting and wait for some time. Gita is upset and refuses to let him complete his conversation.

Mohan starts developing daily evening fevers and he tells Dr. Kedar over the phone, Kedar insists on taking care of him but Mohan refuses. Dr. Kedar visits Gita as they have planned to see a film together. However, Gita takes him to the rendezvous place where they are seen by Mohan.   A distraught Mohan rushes from there not caring whether he lives or dies. He meets a doctor who is an assistant (Bikram Kapoor) at a sanatorium run by an old doctor (Prithviraj Kapoor). The doctor forces Mohan to come with him to the sanatorium. At the sanatorium after initial hesitation Mohan becomes interested in the working and finances of the hospital. The Chief says that they can’t forcibly treat TB patients but maybe in the near future it may be rendered compulsory and then maybe they can get help. But first they have to make the people aware of the problem. A radio station comes to their help to set up a connection from the sanatorium.

Since Mohan was in the first stages of TB he starts improving and sings on the radio to make an appeal. The song is heard by Gita who has a nervous breakdown. Dr. Kedar sees this and understands about Gita and Mohan. He tells Gita’s mother that if she truly wants to help her daughter then she will try to understand her needs and see what it is that Gita really wants. On gaining consciousness Gita takes the car and speeds in it to the sanatorium. Kedar sees her and follows. Gita’s car meets with an accident outside the sanatorium. She is brought in unconscious and wounded. Mohan was planning to leave for a couple of days to attend what he thinks is the marriage of Kedar and Gita. The Chief who’s heard his story earlier stops him and takes him to where Gita is lying covered in bandages with Kedar by her side. Kedar happily points out Mohan to Gita. The Chief leaves them telling Mohan to make sure that Gita never drives rashly again. Mohan promises.

Cast
K. L. Saigal as Mohan
Leela Desai as Gita
Najmul Hassan as Dr. Kedar
Prithviraj Kapoor as chief doctor at the sanatorium
Jagdish Sethi as radio station manager
Nemo as Raibahadur Hiralal, Gita’s father
Devbala as Gita’s mother
Manorama Sr. as Gita’s Aunt
Bikram Kapoor as the assistant doctor at the sanatorium

Production
The producers needed raw stock for their films, so they tried to please the authorities in making films with subject to their liking. Even Nitin Bose had to deal with this situation. When the idea about tuberculosis was proposed as a propaganda film by Viceroy Lord Linlithgow, Nitin Bose wrote the story and used Pankaj Mullick's music and Saigal's voice. Nitin Bose who had earlier shown no interest in casting Saigal for his films having once stated that he could not use Saigal as his camera lens would crack at the sight of the "uncouth youth" signed him for several films after the success of Devdas (1935).

Soundtrack
Pankaj Mullick gave the music for this film and also sang his version of the K. L. Saigal song "Karun Kya Aas Niraas Bhayi". The lyrics were written by Arzu (Arzoo) Lucknavi. All songs in the film were by K. L. Saigal.

Songs
"Karun Kya Aas Niraas Bhayi"
"Pyaari Pyaari Surato Moh Bhari Murato"
"Sitam Thay, Zulm Thay"
"Man Darpan Hai Jaago"
"Preet Main Hain Jeevan Jokhum"

References

External links

 Full movie on YouTube, also ,
Dushman (1939) Songs audio. Surjit Singh

1939 films
1930s Hindi-language films
Articles containing video clips
Indian black-and-white films
Indian romantic drama films
1939 romantic drama films
Films scored by Pankaj Mullick


title: Östersund bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics

text:
Östersund 2002 () was an unsuccessful bid by Östersund, Sweden, and the Swedish Olympic Committee to host the 2002 Winter Olympics. The city bid for the third consecutive time, and it was sixth time that Sweden had submitted a bid.

Venues

The proposed venues concept comprised two main areas:

Östersund
 ceremonies
 biathlon (Remonthagen),
 ski jumping, Nordic combined, sliding sports (Östberget)
 cross-country skiing
 men's ice hockey, figure skating, short-track speed skating (Sportfältet)
 speed skating (Lövsta)

Åre
 alpine skiing (Åre Ski Area)
 freestyle skiing
 snowboard
 curling, women's ice hockey (Åre Hallen)

Bid's evaluation
The IOC evaluation report praised the support by both Swedish government and the Östersund residents (the poll showed 70% support). The overall games and transport concept were considered excellent, as many venues were already homologated by the FIS, and the competitions would have been staged in two main zones one an hour by road from the other, or just 40 minutes by train. The airport is located just 15 minutes away. Other issues rated favorably were: a single Olympic Village which would form part of an urban development project on the lakeside, excellent facilities planned for the media, and US$780 million budget guaranteed by the Swedish government.

However, the evaluation report listed some problems that might have occurred. The ski jumps were planned to be constructed, but the amount of space reserved for seating would have to be reviewed, as the commission deemed it inadequate to cope with 40,000 spectators. Environmental impact assessment had not been carried out for several sport venues and the site chosen for bob and luge track was in a residential area, which might have caused problems with access and spectator capacity.

Aftermath
During the 104th IOC meeting held in Budapest the bid got 14 votes and lost in the first round to Salt Lake City.

References

External links

 Östersund 2002 Volume 1
 Östersund 2002 Volume 2
 Östersund 2002 Volume 3

2002 Winter Olympics bids
2002 in Swedish sport

Sport in Östersund


title: H. P. Devitte

text:
H. P. Devitte (born 1881) was a Swiss football referee of English descent. He lived in Geneva where he was a football referee. He most notably refereed the German national football team's first ever international match on 5 April 1908, which Switzerland won 5–3 in Basel.

Between 1908–13, he refereed at least ten senior international matches.

References

External links
 Profile at worldreferee.com

Swiss football referees
Swiss people of English descent
Sportspeople from Geneva
1881 births
Year of death missing


title: Hiking trail of the Piusa River

text:
Hiking trail of the Piusa River is a hiking trail in southeastern Estonia. The trail managed by RMK (State Forest Management Centre) is 15 kilometres long track past Vastseliina Castle ruins along the primeval valley of the Piusa River up to Lindora village. The trail is marked by wooden signposts and information boards that introduce the sights. There are two campfire sites on the trail supplied with barbecue grills and with the possibility of camping. There are two picnic tables with shelters and a dry toilet. The hiking trail is situated on Piusa River Valley Landscape Protection Area and among the most interesting sights on the trail are castle ruins, sandstone outcrops Härma Mäemine wall or Keldri wall (highest sandstone outcrop in Estonia), Härma alumine wall or Keldri wall and several old mill places. There are altogether 12 sandstone outcrops on the hiking trail.

References

Setomaa Parish
Hiking trails in Europe
Tourism in Estonia


The 2014–15 Memphis Tigers women's basketball team will represent the University of Memphis during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The season marks the second for the Tigers as members of the American Athletic Conference. The team, coached by head coach Melissa McFerrin, plays their home games at the Elma Roane Fieldhouse with one game at the FedEx Forum. They finished the season 14–17, 7–11 in AAC play to finish in seventh place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the American Athletic women's tournament where they lost to South Florida.

Media
All Tigers home games will have a radio broadcast live on WUMR. Video streaming for all home games will be available on the Memphis Tiger Network, ESPN3, or AAC Digital. Road games will typically be streamed on the opponents website, though conference road games could also appear on ESPN3 or AAC Digital.

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#000080; color:#808080;"| Exhibition

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!colspan=12 style="background:#808080; color:#000080;"| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#000080;"| 2015 AAC Tournament

|-

See also
 2014–15 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team

References

Memphis
Memphis Tigers women's basketball seasons
Memphis Tigers women's basketball
Memphis Tigers women's basketball


title: Mabrya

text:
Mabrya is a genus of flowering plants in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It consists of herbaceous perennials with brittle upright or drooping stems, found in dry areas of Mexico and the southern United States.

Description

Species of Mabrya are herbaceous perennials with fibrous roots. They have brittle stems, usually pendant and forming mats, although more upright in M. erecta. The stems branch and become woody at the base with age. Unlike related genera, such as Maurandya and Lophospermum, the leaf stalks (petioles) are straight and do not twine. The leaves are rounded or kidney shaped, generally with broad, somewhat rounded teeth.

The flowers are borne individually on stalks (peduncles) that are usually horizontal or ascending. The sepals are joined at the base; where their margins become free, they curve back on themselves. Together the sepals form an urn-shaped calyx. The flowers consist of five petals joined at the base to form a tube. The free lobes of the petals are differentiated into two upper ones that curve backwards and three lower ones that either point forward or also curve backward. The flower tends to be whitish at the base and is then cream, yellow, pink, red or reddish violet. There are four fertile stamens, of two different lengths, and one rudimentary infertile stamen. The stamens and style are either held inside the flower or protrude. The stigma is forked. After fertilization, the two-chambered capsule contains tan or dark brown seeds.

Taxonomy

The genus Mabrya was created by Wayne J. Elisens in 1985 to separate out a number of species previously placed in the genus Maurandya. The type species is Mabrya acerifolia. The generic name honours Tom J. Mabry for his contributions to phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy, which Elisens says "have substantially increased our understanding of the North American flora."

Mabrya is placed in the tribe Antirrhineae. The drooping or upright habit of the brittle stems distinguishes Mabrya (together with Holmgrenanthe) from the closely related genera Lophospermum, Maurandya and Rhodochiton, which have longer, flexible stems and climb by means of twining leaf stalks (petioles). The ovary of Mabrya is bilocular (i.e. has two compartments) unlike the unilocular ovary of Holmgrenanthe.

Phylogeny
A number of molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that subtribe Maurandyinae, defined by Elisen to consist of the five North American genera Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya, Maurandya and Rhodochiton, forms a monophyletic group, which is related to the Old World genera Cymbalaria and Asarina. Gehebrehiwet et al. suggested that the Maurandyinae could be expanded to include Cymbalaria and Asarina. Vargas et al. presented the following cladogram in 2013:

Vargas et al. concluded that the Antirrhineae evolved in the Old World and subsequently colonized North America more than once, probably in the Miocene epoch (). One such colonization led to the evolution of the Maurandyinae (in Elisen's sense).

Species

, The Plant List accepts six species:
 Mabrya acerifolia (Pennell) Elisens
 Mabrya coccinea (I.M.Johnst.) Elisens
 Mabrya erecta (Hemsl.) Elisens
 Mabrya flaviflora (I.M.Johnst.) D.A.Sutton
 Mabrya geniculata (B.L.Rob. & Fernald) Elisens
 Mabrya rosei (Munz) Elisens

Elisens treated Mabrya flaviflora as a subspecies of Mabrya geniculata; it was later raised to a full species by David A. Sutton.

Distribution and habitat

All the species are found in very dry areas, typically in shaded cliffs or canyons. Mabrya acerifolia is native to the Sonoran Desert in a small area about  across in south central Arizona. All the other species are only found in Mexico, in the Sonoran Desert (M. geniculata and M. flaviflora, the latter only in Baja California Norte), the Chihuahuan Desert (M. coccinea and M. erecta) and in the states of Jalisco and Zacatecas (M. rosei).

Ecology
Although observations of pollinators are limited, Elisens suggests that most Mabrya species are pollinated by hummingbirds; other possible pollinators are long-tongued bees. The nectar composition of most species resembles that of related species known to be hummingbird-pollinated, being high in sucrose and low in glucose compared to fructose.

References

Plantaginaceae genera
Flora of Mexico
Flora of Arizona


title: Peter Schreck

text:
Peter Schreck (born 1942) is an Australian writer, best known for his work in television.

Select Credits
Because He's My Friend (1978) - TV movie
We of the Never Never (1982) - film
The Coolangatta Gold (1984) - film
Police Rescue (1991) - film
Wildside (1999) - TV series
Young Lions (2002) - TV series

External links

Peter Schreck at AustLit

Australian writers
1942 births
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)


title: Alexander Cowan

text:
Alexander Cowan (17 June 1775 – 13 February 1859) was a Scottish papermaker and philanthropist. He was the 13th child and third surviving son of Charles Cowan (8 June 1735 – 23 February 1805) and Marjory Cowan nee Fidler (16 July 1734 – 30 November 1819) He was also a cousin and friend of Thomas Chalmers, the prominent Scottish minister. Through his business he was a friend and associate of the publisher Archibald Constable and, through Constable, an associate of Sir Walter Scott. The Cowan Family owned the huge Valleyfield paper-works in Penicuik in Midlothian and Sir Walter Scott refers to Alexander's brother Duncan as "Honest Duncan the Paper Manufacturer" in  The Fortunes Of Nigel. Alexander was a trustee who helped Sir Walter Scott out of Bankruptcy. He took over the running of the paper works when the Government sold it back to the family in 1820.

Life

Cowan was born at Valleyfield on the edge of Penicuik on the banks of the North Esk. He studied physics and chemistry in Edinburgh, and decided to improve the process of paper-making, setting up what was then one of the world's largest mills, which operated for 150 years.

He married Elizabeth Hall, daughter of George Hall, a merchant in Crail, in Fife, in 1800. The couple had several sons, all involved in the family business. Their first child, Charles, was born in 1801 at their house at 12 Charlotte Street, the first of Cowan's eleven children, eight of whom survived to adulthood.

Cowan moved his family to Edinburgh in 1811, which some accounts connect to the illness of his wife Elizabeth. By 1814, when their son John was born, they were living at 5 John Street, a house just off the Canongate, but not part of the Old Moray House as recorded in some records. Elizabeth died on 21 March 1829. In 1830 he married Helen Brodie. Soon after he opened a paper shop at 17 Princes Street in Edinburgh city centre. At the same time he moved a short distance, but to a far grander house, Moray House on the Canongate.

He is known to have been a friend of the botanist Daniel Ellis during this period.

His sons also rose to prominence. Charles Cowan and James Cowan became MPs representing Edinburgh, and Sir John Cowan was created a baronet in 1894.

Cowan is buried in the Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh against the original west wall close to the monument to Andrew Usher. His grave is marked by a large monument, dwarfing even that of Usher. He is buried with his second wife. His first wife is buried in Penicuik.

His family continued in the paper industry, but his main company of Cowan & Co. was taken over by David Chalmers in the late 19th century.

Philanthropic works

Among Cowan's philanthropic acts was funding the reglazing of every window on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, having been disturbed by the poverty he saw there.

In 1797 he set up a public library in Penicuik, one of the first free libraries in Britain.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Penicuik had three separate camps for French prisoners of war between 1803 and 1814. As a result, in 1810 the government commandeered Cowan's mills at Valleyfield for use as a prison for captured sailors and "kidnapped foreign civilians". The Cowan house was used as a prison hospital. During this time the buildings were expanded by the architect Robert Reid. Meanwhile Cowan continued paper-making on the River Esk at Melville Mill. Although the government had purchased his mills, he was able to renegotiate their purchase after the war, having retained the water supply rights which were critical to their operation as mills. Paper manufacture resumed in 1820. The two Robert Reid buildings were expanded and converted to residential use for the large Cowan family. It was named Valleyfield House. Afterwards, around 1830, Cowan commissioned Thomas Hamilton to design a memorial to the memory of the 309 prisoners who died there, erected on a mound near Valleyfield. The monument bears the inscription "All Men Are Brethren".

In 1832 during the cholera epidemic in Edinburgh, Cowan is said to have sat with victims on the Canongate to comfort them.

Through his agency the village was supplied with gas lighting from 1845 to 1877, Valleyfield Mills being one of the first large factories to have a gas supply (from 1830). In 1809, Cowan improved the existing water supply of Penicuik; afterward, by legacy, he further provided for the establishment of a new water supply which was effected in 1864 with water from the Sillerburn.

In 1851 he set up a village museum in Penicuik within the mill complex. The contents were removed when the mill was taken over by the Reed Paper Group in 1976.

Family
Of Cowan's sons, Charles Cowan (1801–1889) was Member of Parliament for the city 1847-1852, Alexander Cowan (1804-1831), died young leaving a volume of poetry entitled the Remains of Alexander Cowan., James Cowan (1816-1896) served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1872 to 1874, and as Member of Parliament for the city from 1874 to 1882,  and his daughter Lucia Anne married the publisher Thomas Constable, son of Archibald Constable.

Alexander’s great grandson and namesake Alexander Cowan FRSE (1863-1943) was a papermaker, as were most descendants, but also a noted amateur botanist, specialising in alpine plants. Another great grandson, Robert Craig Cowan (1865-1937) was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

The Cowan Institute

His will left monies to Penicuik sufficient to build the Cowan Institute (later Penicuik Town Hall) in his memory. This was not organised until 1893 to a design by Campbell Douglas, the husband of Cowan's great grand-daughter. The projecting clock was made in the style of the clock at the Canongate Tolbooth.

Public recognition
His portrait by Colvin Smith is in the collection of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

Notes

References

External links
Alexander Cowan (1775-1859) on Kosmoid Net

1775 births
1859 deaths
Burials at the Grange Cemetery
Scottish philanthropists
People from Penicuik
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Businesspeople in the pulp and paper industry


title: Kimberley Rosen

text:
Kimberley Clark Rosen (born October 8, 1958) is an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Rosen represented the towns of Orrington and her residence in Bucksport in the Maine House of Representatives from 2004 to 2012, when she was unable to run for re-election due to term-limits. She married former State Senator Richard Rosen, whom she replaced as State Representative. Either Richard or Kimberley Rosen represented Bucksport and Orrington from 1998 to 2004.

Upon the retirement of Republican State Senator Edward Youngblood in July 2014, Kim Rosen announced she would seek to replace him in the State Senate. She was later chosen as the Republican nominee by caucus.

Rosen graduated from the University of Maine and D'Lor Beauty School. She and her husband Richard owned Rosen's Department, until it closed in Spring 2013. Richard Rosen's grandparents opened the store in 1910 and moved it to Bucksport in 1929.

In November 2014, Rosen was elected to replace Youngblood.

References

External links
 Maine goal: Eradicate cervical cancer by Kimberly Rosen, March 21, 2010

Living people
University of Maine alumni
Women state legislators in Maine
Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
People from Bucksport, Maine
Businesspeople from Maine
1958 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
People from Aroostook County, Maine


title: Model 17 grenade

text:
The Model 17 Eierhandgranate (German for "egg hand grenade") is a small defensive and offensive hand grenade which was used by Germany during World War I. The average soldier could throw it 40 meters or farther. It was more portable than the heavier Kugelhandgranate and less awkward to handle than the stick grenade. The body of the grenade was initially smooth and thus difficult to hold so the design was modified with the addition of a raised band to provide better grip.

A similar grenade called the Model 39 grenade was later introduced by Germany and used in World War II.

References

 Imperial German Eierhandgranate 1917, WWI
 Passion & Compassion 1914-1918 : WW1 militaria and technical documentation - german grenades

1916 establishments in Germany
1920s disestablishments in Germany
World War I German infantry weapons
Hand grenades of Germany