title: St. Joseph's Cove, Bonne Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador

text:
St. Joseph's Cove is an abandoned community in Bonne Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Robert Wolveden

text:
Robert Wolveden (died 1432) was a Canon of Windsor from 1407 to 1412 and Dean of Lichfield.

Career
He was appointed:
Prebendary of York 1401
Prebendary of Southwell 1405
Archdeacon of Norwich 1406
Dean of Lichfield 1426 - 1432

He was appointed to the first stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1407, and held the stall until 1412 when he exchanged it for the Deanery of Tetenhale.

Notes

1432 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Archdeacons of Norwich
Deans of Lichfield
Year of birth missing


title: Mark Eggleston

text:
Mark Andrew Eggleston (born 14 December 1963) is an English former cricket umpire who stood in nine first-class matches and 10 List A matches between 2009 and 2013. He also stood as an umpire in the match between Australia and New Zealand in the Women's T20 Quadrangular Series in England in 2011, and in the 4th ODI between England Women and India Women in 2012. Born in Blackburn, Lancashire, Eggleston began his umpiring career in the Lancashire League, and served in the league until 2009, before returning in 2014.

External links
Profile at CricketArchive.co.uk
Profile at ESPNcricinfo

1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Blackburn
English cricket umpires


title: Leonard Schwartz (tennis)

text:
Leonard Schwartz (23 April 1913 – 23 November 2010) was an Australian amateur tennis player in the 1930s.

He reached the quarterfinals of the 1937 and 1938 Australian Championships. In doubles, Schwartz reached the final of the 1946 Australian Championships (partnering Max Newcombe).

Schwartz was a member of the Australian Davis Cup team in the 1938 semifinal tie against Mexico and won his singles match against Daniel Hernández.

Grand Slam finals

Doubles: 1 runner-up

References

External links

 Australian Open results archive

1913 births
2010 deaths
Australian male tennis players
Tennis people from South Australia
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
Australian Championships (tennis) junior champions
20th-century Australian people
Sportsmen from South Australia


title: Stereoderma

text:
Stereoderma may refer to two different genera:
 Stereoderma (echinoderm), a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Cucumariidae
 Stereoderma (plant), a synonym for Olea, a genus of plants


title: Swaroopanand Saraswati

text:
Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati (2 September 1924 – 11 September 2022) was an Indian religious leader. In 1982, he became the Shankaracharya of Dwarka Sharada Peetham in Dwaraka, Gujarat and also of Jyotir Math in Badrinath. He was the only person till now who have become Shankaracharya of two Peetha (Dwarkamath and Jyotirmath) simultaneously.

Life
Swaroopanand Saraswati was born Pothiram Upadhyay on 2 September 1924 at Dighori village of Seoni district, Madhya Pradesh in a Brahmin family. A direct disciple of Shankaracharya Brahmananda Saraswati of Jyotir Math (1941–1953) and of Shankaracharya (disputed) Krishnabodha Ashrama of Jyotir Math (1953–1973), in 1950 his Guru Brahmananda made him a Dandi Sannyasi. Swami Swaroopanand became president of the Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad, established by Swami Karpatri. On Swami Krishnabodha Ashrama's demise in 1973 the title of Shankaracharya (disputed) of Jyotir Math, Badrinath passed to Swami Swaroopanand. Later he also became the Shankaracharya of Dwarka peeth in 1982. To date (2021) Swami Swaroopanand's claim to title of Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math remains disputed.

He was at the forefront of the anti-Congress movement in 1950s. He served as the president of Ram Rajya Parishad. He was jailed three times between 1954 and 1970 in relation to the movement to ban cow slaughter.

He ran ashrams in various parts of India. His ashram in Singhbhum district of Bihar engaged in re-conversion of Christians to Hinduism.

Regarding his relationship with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (who was Brahmanand Saraswati's personal assistant for more than a decade), Swaroopananda Ji once commented: "It would be nice if the Maharishi once flies from America to India without any airplane. Then perhaps what he says can be accepted".

Saraswati died in Narsinghpur on 11 September 2022, at the age of 98. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, Congress leader Priyanka Gandhi, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel, and others expressed their condolences. Around 300,000 people attended Shankaraachaarya ji's last rite held in Jhoteshwar(MP).

Freedom struggle
At 19 years old he became a freedom fighter in the Quit India movement in 1942, and was known as "Revolutionary Sadhu". He was jailed for this, serving a prison sentence of nine months and another of six months.

Opinions

On River Ganga pollution
Swami Swaroopanand in June 2012  told Uttarakhand CM Vijay Bahuguna of his stance against having hydro projects, dams, and barrages on the River Ganga. He also organised a protest at Jantar Mantar against such projects. Hydro projects at Panch Prayag, Deo Prayag, Rudra Prayag, Karan Prayag, Nand Prayag, and Vishnu Prayag, were affecting local ecology and sanctity of the Ganga; since it was being dammed at numerous sites and being confined into cemented tunnels, natural, mineral quality ingredients and anti-bacterial elements in the waters of the Ganga were being lost.

Swami Swaroopanand in January 2016 noted the pitiable condition of the River Ganga and stated that the proposed dams in Uttarakhand should not be constructed to ensure the free flow of the pure water from the sources of the River. Only the free flow is required for a clean Ganga, he said.

On Jammu and Kashmir and Article 370
On 30 June 2014, Swami Swaroopanand said that Article 370 should be removed from Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). He said that the abrogation of the Article would be beneficial for the people in the valley, and that a demographic balance is necessary to end recurring strife in J&K. "Tension does not erupt in places where there is a demographic balance of communities. Take Punjab for instance. Hindus and Sikhs are in equal number there. They need each other and so there is no room for a clash between them. The growing morale of anti-national elements in Kashmir is a result of the country's weak laws. The Union government should revoke article 370 in Kashmir which will permit influx of people from outside the state into the state's population and end its strife-torn atmosphere. The return of Kashmiri Pandits to their home state alone can counter the growing morale of anti-national elements in the state."

Uniform civil code
He also advocated a uniform civil law for Hindus and Muslims in India, to maintain a balance in their population.

Cow, bull, and bullock protection and export of beef
Swami Swaroopanand in May 2015 welcomed the decision of the Maharashtra government to extend ban on cow slaughter to bulls and bullocks in the state and opined that it would increase the production of milk which will in turn help feed children in the country. He stated that more than twelve crore (120 million) cows were being slaughtered in the entire country every year, which needed to be stopped. "This Act should be implemented throughout the country. India is a Hindu majority country still we produce a huge quantity of beef. India is the biggest exporter of beef which is shameful for us. The government should ban export of beef and we must protect cows by all means. Some political leaders opposed the law banning cow slaughter just to appease Muslims and other minority groups. Providing beef in the name of cheap source of protein to minority and depriving the majority from milk is against both the democratic and Indian values. Milk is a rich source of protein, and to ensure availability of milk it is essential to put a blanket ban on cow slaughter across the country."

He said in February 2016 that the RSS claimed to be working for Hinduism but thousands of RSS workers in Arunachal Pradesh ate beef.

On women worshipping Shani
When feminists tried to enter the sanctum of Shani Shingnapur temple, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, in January 2016, Swami Swaroopanand stated, "Shani is a kroor (cruel) graha, hence women should beware of worshipping the deity. Since the effect of Shani is harmful for women, they should be away from the deity".  Swami Swaroopanand added that due to teaching through intense suffering, the entry of women into Shani Shingnapur temple will lead to more assaults on women and incidents of rapes.

On Shirdi Sai Baba
Swami Swaroopanand in July 2014 caused controversy due to his remarks against Shirdi Sai Baba and his followers. After government minister Uma Bharti publicly claimed devotion to Shirdi Sai Baba, Swaroopanand demanded an apology from her and wrote, "There is no mention of Sai Baba in the Shastras and the Vedas", so he "should not be worshiped with Hindu gods. He was not god, he was just a Muslim Fakir" (referring to Shirdi Sai Baba's Muslim origins). He also said that Shirdi Sai Baba was one "who used to eat meat and worship Allah, a man like that can never be a Hindu god", that he "used to refrain from taking a dip in the river Ganga and asked people to keep him away from Ganga", that "worshiping Sai Baba was part of a conspiracy hatched by people to divide Hindus as the saint was not a God but a human being", that "followers of Sai Baba should not worship Lord Rama", and that "Sai Baba used to say Sabka Malik Ek (god is one for all). If so, why do the Buddhists and Jains worship separate gods?" while acknowledging Shirdi Sai Baba as a great man. He also mobilised the Naga sadhus in enforcing his order that Sai devotees should not be allowed to worship Rama or bathe in the Ganga. In 2016 he said that worship of Sai Baba is responsible for the drought that affected Maharashtra

After these remarks, several formal FIR and PIL complaints were filed against Swami Swaroopanand. In September 2015, he gave in writing to the court that his statements were not intended to hurt the religious sentiments of people, and was apologetic if his statements had hurt the sentiments of the people.

On ISKCON
Swami Swaroopanand in February 2016 questioned the claim of ISKCON to be a part of Sanatana Dharma and accused it of being a front for money-laundering, it being used to send money from India to USA and other foreign countries. Money donated by Indians were being shunted to the USA. He questioned the growing number of their temples in India and said that if they were sincere they should have built them in Assam and Chhattisgarh which had fewer temples. Their aim was not religion or spirituality but something else, he claimed.

On RSS, BJP, Congress and Narendra Modi
Swami Swaroopanand in May 2015 said, "Despite Prime Minister Narendra Modi's assertion to curb corruption, bribe taking is rampant in the country. This is because of degradation of moral values and ethics in society."

Swami Swaroopanand in March 2016 said on the RSS, "RSS takes the name of the Hindus, but they have no commitment towards Hindutva. They are trying to deceive people by telling that they have come to protect the Hindus. This is more deadly. BJP rules this country now. Before this, it was Congress. But under both the governments, cow slaughter has been continuously happening. Then what is the difference between BJP and Congress?"

Swami Swaroopanand in May 2017 asked Congress leaders involved in a beef party in Kerala to be jailed under NSA act. He also asked Congress party to clear their stance over cow slaughter.

On intolerance debate and JNU agitations of 2016
In the context of the 2015 Dadri mob lynching alleging cow slaughter and consumption of beef, Swami Swaroopanand in March 2016 said, people should be permitted to eat and serve pork to test tolerance of other communities before putting a blame on certain group of Hindus for being intolerant.

In the context of the 2016 JNU sedition controversy he said, "College students these days are disjoint from spirituality. This lack of spiritual & cultural knowledge leads them into becoming anti-national."

On youth and spirituality
Swami Swaroopanand in March 2016 said, "There is an increasing feeling of 'detachment from faith' among the Hindu youths as compared to those of other religions. There is a need to include Hindu scriptures in the curriculum of schools and colleges to prevent the long-term mental degeneration of Hindus due to influence from anti-Hindu propaganda that has its clutches deep into almost every socio-cultural sphere of India. While 'they' have their religious schools to spread fundamentalism, terrorism and hate preaching, we don't have a medium to reach out the Hindu youth about the richness and greatness of our scriptures and cultural values. It's the central government's responsibility to ensure the traditions of this nation are preserved."

Against Movie 'PK'
Swami Swaroopanand in January 2015 raised questions with the Censor Board about the film 'PK', demanding that the CBI investigate how the film received its certification from the Censor Board despite several members of the Board requesting that the film be reviewed again.

References

External links

1924 births
2022 deaths
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
People from Madhya Pradesh
Indian independence activists from Madhya Pradesh
Prisoners and detainees of British India
Shankaracharyas
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
21st-century Hindu religious leaders
20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians
21st-century Hindu philosophers and theologians
People from Seoni district


title: Singapore Swap Offer Rate

text:
Singapore Dollar Swap Offer Rate (SOR) is an implied interest rate, determined by examining the spot and forward foreign exchange rate between the US dollar (USD) and Singapore dollar (SGD) and the appropriate US dollar interest rate for the term of the forward.

SOR reflects the cost of borrowing SGD synthetically by borrowing USD and subsequently "swapping" to SGD by using an FX Swap.  It is an alternative to Singapore Interbank Offered Rate (SIBOR) which is a measure of the interbank money market rates.

As of December 2018, SOR is measured and published periods of overnight, 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month. Like SIBOR, SOR is set by the Association of Banks in Singapore, and is also publicly available.

Residential property loans in Singapore are no longer pegged to SOR as banks have withdrawn them in 2017. SOR-pegged mortgages in recent years are not as popular as SIBOR-linked mortgages or Fixed Deposit Rates linked mortgages due to its volatility. They are still available in the wholesale and commercial lending space.

References

External links
Association of Banks in Singapore (ABS)

Mortgage
Reference rates
Currencies of Singapore
Foreign exchange market
Mortgage industry of Singapore


title: Leo Wardrup

text:
Leo Clyde Wardrup, Jr. (September 5, 1936 – July 2, 2014) was an American naval officer and politician.

Born in Middlesboro, Kentucky, Wardrup received his bachelor's degree from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and his master's degrees from George Washington University and Naval War College. Wardrup was a captain in the United States Navy from 1958 to 1986. He lived in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates, as a Republican from 1992 until 2007.

Notes

External links

1936 births
2014 deaths
People from Middlesboro, Kentucky
Politicians from Virginia Beach, Virginia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
George Washington University alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Navy officers
Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates


title: Chloë (Chloë Agnew album)

text:
Chloë is the debut album of Irish singer Chloë Agnew. It was released in 2002 by Celtic Collection records. In 2008, it was released in the United States via Valley Entertainment.

Track listing

Personnel
Adapted from CD Universe's product description.
Chloë Agnew - Voice
David Agnew - Oboe
Liz Foster  - Background vocals

References

External links
Chloë at Discogs

2002 debut albums


title: Bay du Nord, Hermitage Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador

text:
Bay du Nord is an abandoned community in Hermitage Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador.

See also
 List of ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador

Ghost towns in Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Helen Milner (digital inclusion)

text:
Helen Louise Milner OBE is the Chief Executive of the Good Things Foundation (formerly Tinder Foundation), a digital inclusion and social inclusion charity  based in the UK. Following a 30-year career working on the internet and with communities, in 2012 Milner was inducted into the British Interactive Media Association's Digital Hall of Fame, and in 2013 became a member of The House of Commons Speaker's Commission for Digital Democracy.
In June 2015 Milner was appointed an OBE for services to digital inclusion in the Queen's Birthday Honours List.

Career

Milner started her career in the private sector with The Times Network for Schools, helping develop online education services for schools before the World Wide Web had been invented.

Her work led to collaboration with Hansard Society and John Craven's Newsround, with schools running elections as part of the 1987 general election. Results were published and broadcast online via TTNS, using a Dialcom email system. Online conferencing, like social media today, allowed for Milner to run a world tour, with school children spending eight weeks in eight different countries as a pilot for the expansion of online within schools and public institutions. References to the early pioneering that TTNS did are hard to find, there is a quote from a TES article in 1985 quoted in the TES in 2010: "As early as March 1, 1985, The TES ran an article with the very 21st-century headline "On-Line Services". Written by futurologist and author Ray Hammond, it began: "The telephone is the cheapest and most powerful of all computer accessories … The article is not about the internet – that was still to come. But it did point out that there were many useful databases out there that were waiting patiently for a time when they could be accessed from the outside. They included Lockheed's Dialog, the British Library Automated Information Service (BLAISE) and The Times Network for Schools (TTNS). "Now that day has arrived," wrote Mr Hammond, "the humble school micro provides a gateway to a world of knowledge so vast that it is breathtaking at first acquaintance."" And a teacher on the National Archive of Educational Computing site explains what TTNS is: "Schools were linked up via computer and we were able to access an early version of what we now have on the internet today – TTNS it was called – The Times Network for Schools. We could also send messages to the other six schools who were connected up with us. I saw computer use motivate young people who were turned off education."

Milner worked further in online services for schools and students in Australia and Japan, before being appointed Deputy Director of Learning Development Services at the University of Sunderland in 1991. In 1995, she ran a dual broadcast conference in Sydney and Sunderland via. video conferencing about technology and learning, which was one of the first of its kind.

Pioneering the ‘university for industry’ pilot in 1997 with the Institute for Public Policy Research and University of Sunderland. She published the findings of the pilot with Josh Hillman, Nick Pearce, and Mike Thorne. Milner informed the creation of learndirect and was appointed to create and lead the network with Ufi in 1999.

Milner created an autonomous delivery unit for the UK online centres network while working at Ufi, before establishing Tinder Foundation (first as Online Centres Foundation) in 2011 to manage the UK online centres contract as a separate business. In July 2013, Online Centres Foundation became known as the Tinder Foundation to reflect the widening remit of the organisation, including community action and digital strategy as well as digital inclusion and learning.

Tinder Foundation and its subsidiary products such as Learn My Way, Community How To and the Digihousing Hub has helped over 1.5 million people gain basic digital skills and use the internet to improve their lives by 2015, and more than 100,000 people back into employment. Milner's work has allowed for collaboration with NHS England, EE, TalkTalk, Vodafone, Facebook and Google.

In 2013 Helen was asked by the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, to be a Commissioner on The Speaker's Commission on Digital Democracy. The Commission published its report "Open Up" in January 2015. Helen Milner gave the Annual Lecture on Digital Democracy for Digital Leaders in February 2015.

In November 2014 Milner gave a speech at TEDx in Sheffield.

In 2014 – 2015, Milner was a member of the Strategic Group advising on the creation of the Strategy for Public Libraries in Scotland, 2015 – 2020.

Awards and achievements

In 2012, Milner was inducted into the British Interactive Media Association's Digital Hall of Fame for the 20 most influential Britons working in digital.

In 2014, Milner was listed as number 25th most influential person in UK IT by Computer Weekly.

Milner was a Commissioner for Social Mobility for Brent Council.

Since November 2013 Milner is a member of The House of Commons Speaker's Commission for Digital Democracy.

In June 2015 Milner was appointed an OBE for services to digital inclusion in the Queen's Birthday Honours List.

Milner speaks at numerous digital conferences and events, and is a judge for the tech4good awards as well as the tenant association TPAS Awards.

Other interests

Outside of her career, Milner has dedicated much of her time to helping others too, and is a prominent volunteer and political activist in her Sheffield community. She helped set up a cafe at education charity Whirlow Hall Farm.

References

External links

 Milner's blog at www.helenmilner.com.

People from Sheffield
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Strategios Podopagouros

text:
Strategios Podopagouros (; died 25 August 766) was a Byzantine military commander, and with his brother Constantine, the leader of a conspiracy against Emperor Constantine V ().

"Podopagouros" is a sobriquet that means "crabfoot". Very little is known about his life and career other than his involvement in the conspiracy against the emperor, which came to light in the summer of 766. According to Theophanes the Confessor, Strategios was then  and commander () of the  (guard regiment) of the Exkoubitores. Strategios and his brother, who at the time held the high post of , were the leaders of the conspiracy which, according to Theophanes, included nineteen high-ranking officials in total, including several senior provincial governors (). After the plot's discovery, the conspirators were publicly paraded and humiliated at the Hippodrome of Constantinople on 25 August 766, following which Strategios and Constantine were beheaded at the Kynegion, while the others were blinded and exiled. A few days later, the Eparch of the City Prokopios was also dismissed, followed by the deposition and exile of Patriarch Constantine II, after he was implicated by some clergymen in the conspiracy.

In his chronicle, Theophanes portrays the conspiracy as part of a reaction against Constantine V's iconoclast policies, stating that some of the conspirators were adherents of the iconophile hermit Stephen the Younger of Mount Auxentios, whom the emperor had had publicly humiliated and executed the previous November. Modern scholarship on the other hand is not as clear as to the motivations of the emperor, i.e. whether the death of Stephen, the execution of the nineteen officials and other acts of persecution was due to his hardening stance against iconophile sentiment, or had political motives as a reaction to plots against his life (in which Stephen too may have been implicated).

References

Sources

766 deaths
8th-century Byzantine military personnel
Executed Byzantine people
Byzantine Iconoclasm
8th-century births
8th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire
People executed by decapitation


title: Jeff Evans (umpire)

text:
Jeffrey Howard Evans (born 7 August 1954) is a Welsh cricket umpire who has stood in over 200 first-class and List A matches since being named to the ECB Umpires List in 1999. He has also stood in over 100 Twenty20 matches since the inception of the format in 2003. He has also stood as an umpire in four Women's ODIs between 2002 and 2014, as well as the match between India Women and New Zealand Women in the Women's T20 Quadrangular Series in England in 2011. Born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, he also umpired matches in the ICL 20-20 Indian Championship 2007–08.

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Llanelli
Welsh cricket umpires


title: 1820 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1820 in Portugal.

Incumbents
Monarch: John VI

Events
 22 January – Battle of Tacuarembó
 Liberal Revolution
 24 August – Military revolt in Porto
 Establishment of a provisional junta of the Supreme Government of the Kingdom, in Porto
 15 September – Military revolt in Lisbon
 Establishment of an interim government, in Lisbon
 28 September – Establishment of a unified provisional junta
 22 November – Instruções, first election law
 December – Cortes election

References

Portugal
Portugal
Years of the 19th century in Portugal


title: Clements Ribeiro

text:
Clements Ribeiro is a London-based fashion house established in the early 1990s by husband and wife partnership Suzanne Clements and Inacio Ribeiro.
It is known for its feminine designs, bold prints and luxurious knitwear.

Named as one of fashion's 'Magnificent Seven' by Vogue in 1997 (alongside Tom Ford, Miuccia Prada,  Valentino, Alexander McQueen, Yohji Yamamoto and Karl Lagerfeld), the label became popular among the Britpop scene.  High-profile wearers of the brand have included Adele, Nicole Kidman, Kate Moss and Jarvis Cocker.

History
Brazilian-born Inacio Ribeiro and British-born Suzanne Clements met on their first day at Central Saint Martins, London where they had enrolled on the MA in fashion led by Wendy Dagworthy. Graduating in 1991 with Firsts and marrying a year later, they established their eponymous brand in 1993. In a joint interview with The Independent in 2010, Ribeiro said: "The creation of Clements Ribeiro was a real accident. When we graduated, it was impossible to get a job in London. We went to Milan and hated it, so doing our own thing made sense".

In 1994, they were part of a trip to Japan sponsored by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry; Marks & Spencer and Harvey Nichols sponsored their early London fashion shows and, by 1997, their range was sold in some 15 countries. The label became a stalwart of London Fashion Week and won a New Generation Designers of the Year (NEWGEN) award in 1996. In the same year, the label was nominated for the British Designer of the Year award at the British Fashion Awards, losing out to Alexander McQueen. In 2000, the label was beaten to the title by Hussein Chalayan, who expressed surprise that Clements Ribeiro hadn't won.

Associations
In 2000, Clements and Ribeiro became joint creative directors for French fashion house Cacharel. The seven-year association received critical acclaim and saw Cacharel expand its distribution and collaborate with names such as Celia Birtwell, Peter Saville and Julie Verhoeven. They left Cacharel in summer 2007 and focused on relaunching Clements Ribeiro.

Design influences
Clements Ribeiro is known for eclectic combinations, including bold multicoloured prints, historical references and lavish materials. In particular, the 'Punk Trousseau' collection of 1998 – an edgy reworking of traditional materials such as embroidery, tartan and handmade lace at the height of the Cool Britannia era in UK culture and fashion – garnered international attention and remains influential. The label is also credited with making cashmere popular with a younger audience and with creating one of the most imitated designs of the 1990s – the striped twinset. Clements has characterised their style as "clumsy couture"; the V&A noted their tendency to: "use couture within a ready-to-wear context".

Since 2008, Clements Ribeiro has undertaken a series of projects focused around upcycling alongside its main collection. Projects have included dresses, skirts and shirts made of vintage scarves; 'collage' dresses that combine found fabrics and a collaboration with textile artist Karen Nicol to transform vintage cashmere knitwear with embroidery motifs.

Maintaining its specialism in knitwear, Clements Ribeiro reintroduced a capsule collection of men's sweaters handmade in Scotland in 2013.

Collaborations
Clements and Ribeiro have been described as "masters of designer collaborations". In addition to working with Cacharel, and shoe designers Manolo Blahnik, Jimmy Choo and Christian Louboutin, the duo created designs for Nokia in 2001. The label has also collaborated with a number of other brands, including high-street chains Dorothy Perkins and John Lewis.

Notably for a couture house, Clements Ribeiro began collaborating with plus-size high-street clothing retailer Evans in 2012, producing the Swan range. Fans of its diffusion range for Evans included Adele, who wore one of the designs for a concert in Canada.

References

External links
Official Website

1990s fashion
2000s fashion
2010s fashion
High fashion brands
Companies established in 1993
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies based in the City of Westminster


title: Alice Belaïdi

text:
Alice Belaïdi (born 18 March 1987) is a French actress. She has appeared in more than 20 films and television shows since 2010.

Theatre

Filmography

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
French film actresses
French television actresses
French stage actresses
21st-century French actresses
People from Nîmes
French people of Algerian descent


title: Constantine Podopagouros

text:
Constantine Podopagouros (; died 25 August 766) was a high-ranking Byzantine official and, with his brother Strategios, leader of a conspiracy against Emperor Constantine V ().

"Podopagouros" is a sobriquet that means "crabfoot". Very little is known about his life and career other than his involvement in the conspiracy against the emperor, which came to light in the summer of 766. According to Theophanes the Confessor, Constantine was then  and . Constantine and his brother, who at the time was commander of the elite  (guard regiment) of the Exkoubitores, were the leaders of the conspiracy which, according to Theophanes, included nineteen high-ranking officials in total, including several senior provincial governors (). After the plot's discovery, the conspirators were publicly paraded and humiliated at the Hippodrome of Constantinople on 25 August 766, following which Strategios and Constantine were beheaded at the Kynegion, while the others were blinded and exiled. A few days later, the Eparch of the City Prokopios was also dismissed, followed by the deposition and exile of Patriarch Constantine II, after he was implicated by some clergymen in the conspiracy.

In his chronicle, Theophanes portrays the conspiracy as part of a reaction against Constantine V's iconoclast policies, stating that some of the conspirators were adherents of the iconophile hermit Stephen the Younger of Mount Auxentios, whom the emperor had had publicly humiliated and executed the previous November. Modern scholarship on the other hand is not as clear as to the motivations of the emperor, i.e. whether the death of Stephen, or the humiliation and blinding of seventeen of the nineteen officials and other acts of persecution was due to his hardening stance against iconophile sentiment, or had political motives as a reaction to plots against his life (in which Stephen too may have been implicated).

References

Sources

766 deaths
8th-century Byzantine people
Byzantine officials
Executed Byzantine people
Patricii
Byzantine Iconoclasm
8th-century births
8th-century executions by the Byzantine Empire
People executed by decapitation


title: 1837 in Scotland

text:
Events from the year 1837 in Scotland.

Incumbents

Law officers
 Lord Advocate – John Murray
 Solicitor General for Scotland – John Cunninghame; then Andrew Rutherfurd

Judiciary
 Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Granton
 Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle

Events
 From beginning – Highland Destitution: 2 years of harvest failure leave many in the Highlands and Islands requiring aid.
 3 April – the Paisley and Renfrew Railway is opened, a 4 ft 6 in gauge railway providing passenger services hauled by steam locomotives.
 2 June – John O'Groat Journal newspaper first published in Wick, Caithness.
 1 July – Isle of May disaster: A rowing boat carrying an excursion party from Cellardyke capsizes with the loss of 13 lives.
 15 July – The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr and Glasgow, Paisley and Greenock Railways are authorised.
 18 October – William Perrie is hanged in Paisley for uxoricide.
 October – John Heathcoat's steam plough is demonstrated for the Highland Show near Dumfries.
 Cotton spinners' strike in Glasgow; the leaders will be sentenced to penal transportation.
 Robert Davidson produces a model battery-electric locomotive.
 Major reconstruction of Dornoch Cathedral by William Burn for the Duchess of Sutherland is completed.
 The capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus urogallus) is reintroduced to Scotland (Perthshire) from Sweden.
 William Forbes Skene's The Highlanders of Scotland: their Origin, History and Antiquities; with a sketch of their manners and customs, and an account of the clans into which they were divided, and of the state of society which existed among them is published by John Murray.

Births
 1 January – Hercules Linton, surveyor, designer, shipbuilder and antiquarian; designer of the Cutty Sark (died 1900)
 7 January – James Key Caird, jute manufacturer and philanthropist (died 1916)
 January – Daniel Cottier, artist and designer (died 1891)
 7 February – James Murray, lexicographer (died 1915 in Oxford)
 16 February – Asher Asher, physician and promoter of Jewish causes (died 1889 in London)
 24 March – George Henry Mackenzie, chess master (died 1891 in the United States)
 25 March – Francis Farquharson, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (died 1875 in England)
 27 March – John MacWhirter, landscape painter (died 1911 in London)
 3 May – Rev. Dr. Robert Blair, Presbyterian minister and Gaelic scholar (died 1907)
 14 June – John Thomson, pioneering photographer, geographer and traveller (died 1921)
 17 June – Alexander Skene, gynaecologist (died 1900 in the United States)
 4 July – Agnes McLaren, physician (died 1913 in France)
 8 July – Donald Dinnie, Highland games strongman (died 1916)
 11 July – John Balfour, 1st Baron Kinross, lawyer and Liberal politician (died 1905)
 10 November – William Bain Scarth, businessman and politician in Canada (died 1902 in Canada)
 13 November – John McClure, admiral in the Imperial Chinese Navy (died 1920)
 2 December – Joseph Bell, surgeon, an inspiration for Sherlock Holmes (died 1911)
 17 December – William Harkness, astronomer (died 1903 in the United States)
 29 December – Francis Carmichael Bruce, businessman and politician in Ontario (died 1928 in Canada)
 date unknown –
 John Dudgeon, medical missionary (died 1901 in China)
 Robert Farquharson, physician and Liberal politician (died 1918)
 Hughie Fraser, politician in South Australia (died 1900 in Australia)
 David Greig, landowner
 Eliza Newton, actress (died 1882 in the United States)
 Douglas Argyll Robertson, ophthalmologist (died 1909)

Deaths
 4 or 11 January – John MacKenzie, physician and friend of Robert Burns
 16 January – Robert Macnish, surgeon, physician, philosopher and writer (born 1802)
 18 January – James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn, army officer, politician and freemason (born 1762 in England)
 19 February – Sir Hugh Cleghorn, first colonial secretary to Ceylon (born 1752)
 8 May – Robert Heriot Barclay, commander in the Royal Navy (born 1786)
 1 August – Walter Geikie, painter (born 1795)
 17 August – John Donald Carrick, journalist (born 1787)
 24 August – George Watson, portrait painter (born 1767)
 15 September – William Ritchie, physicist (born )
 22 October – Sir David Erskine, dramatist and antiquary (born 1772)
 3 December – Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry, peer (born 1777) (Barony of Solway becomes extinct)
 7 December – Robert Nicoll, radical journalist and poet (born 1814)

See also

 1837 in Ireland

References

Scotland
1830s in Scotland


title: Matchmaker, Matchmaker

text:
"Matchmaker, Matchmaker" is a song from the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, with music by Jerry Bock and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick. It was later made into a film in 1971. The story revolves around a poor Jewish milkman, Tevye, and his five daughters, as he attempts to maintain his Jewish traditions. His three eldest daughters marry, but each daughter's choice of husband moves further and further away from their traditions.

Production
BlueGobo explains "The sisters (including Bette Midler) sang "Matchmaker, Matchmaker" on the 1968 Tonys as part of a tribute to past Best Musical winners that were still running at the time."

Synopsis
Tevye and Golde's daughters sing about a matchmaker choosing a partner for them. Hodel and Chava sing excitedly about their future marriages, arranged by the matchmaker, Yente. However, Tzeitel, the eldest daughter, warns the others that, as they are from a poor family, they'll have to marry whoever Yente brings for them, regardless if it's an unhappy marriage. Towards the end of the song, the sisters quickly realise that they might rather remain  on their own than marry just anybody.

Analysis
The blog Sermons From Seattle explains "The story [of Fiddler] is that the matchmaker is to meet with the mother and father and match their three daughters to prospective husbands.  But the girls want to choose their own partners and not use the matchmaker. Traditions are changing. Those old traditions are beginning to crumble".

This song epitomises the more traditional views regarding this issue that the daughters question at the very beginning. As time passes, they begin to think for themselves and change the tradition.

Critical reception
Allmusic said the song was one of the "famous and now-standard songs" from the film. The Washington Times said it was the "big number" for "Tevye's forward-thinking daughters". The Washington Post describes the song as "eager". Broadwayworld wrote it is a "good comic scene".

ChronicleLive's critic posited that "Matchmaker, Matchmaker, sung by the three rebellious older daughters, is just one of the fabulous musical numbers in this show". Star Tribune described it as "wistful". MostMetro said the song was "fun, graceful [and] typifies their close-knit sisterhood".

References

1964 songs
Songs from Fiddler on the Roof
Songs written by Sheldon Harnick
Songs written by Jerry Bock


title: Takurō Ōno

text:
(also spelt Ohno), born November 14, 1988, is a Japanese actor and talent. He has had roles in such films as The Incite Mill and Liar Game: Reborn.

Filmography

Film
 The Incite Mill (2010) – Yukito Maki
 Liar Game: Reborn (2012) – Tatsushi Wada
 Saitama kazoku (2013)
 Black Butler (2014) – Takaaki Matsumiya
 Nutcracker Fantasy (2014)
 Sailor Suit and Machine Gun: Graduation (2016)
 Kōdai-ke no Hitobito (2016)
 Survival Family (2017)
 The Travelling Cat Chronicles (2018)

Television
 Kokoro Yusabure! Sempai Rock You (2011) – Himself
 Misaki Number One (2011) – Yuto Hoshida
 Bull Doctor (2012) – Shunsuke Fujimura
 The Higashino Keigo Mysteries (2012)
 Nekketsu Kouha Kunio-kun (2013) – Kunio
 SPEC:Zero (2013 TV Movie)
 Onna Rule (2013) – Hayato Kozuka
 Sanbiki no ossan (2013) – Yuki
 Hana Moyu (2015) – Yasushi Nomura
 Toto Neechan (2015) – Kiyoshi Aoyagi
 Warotenka (2017–18) – Keith
 Segodon (2018) – Kirino Toshiaki

References

External links

People from Itabashi
Living people
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
Japanese male television actors
1988 births


title: Istancool

text:
Istancool, also known as the Istanbul International Arts & Culture Festival and IST. Festival, is an annual international cultural celebration in Istanbul, created by Liberatum and first held in 2010 to celebrate the city's 2010 European Capital of Culture status.

The festival was created and founded by the famed creative director Pablo Ganguli.  Film director Alphan Eşeli and his wife Demet Muftuoglu, and Dazed & Confused editor Jefferson Hack were producers. Ganguli described the aims as "to bring both local and international creative minds to Turkish audiences for a programme that does not understand citizenship, passport, themes, race, gender or visa". It was the first venture of Liberatum in Turkey. Istancool was sponsored by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Güler Sabancı, W Istanbul and Vakko. Guests have included global creative icons V. S. Naipaul, Zaha Hadid, Terence Koh, Haluk Akakçe, Gareth Pugh, Lily Cole, Tilda Swinton, Kirsten Dunst, Sophie Calle, Reha Erdem, Serra Yilmaz, Courtney Love, Terry Gilliam, Michael Stipe, Gore Vidal, Daphne Guinness, Philip Treacy, Michael Nyman, Hanif Kureishi and Stephen Frears.

The festival took place for the fourth time in June 2014.

See also
Istanbul International Music Festival

References

External links

 Official 2010 European Capital of Culture Press Conference about Istancool:

Festivals in Istanbul
Cultural festivals in Turkey


title: Masanori Ishii

text:
is a Japanese actor, comedian and narrator. In August 1994, he teamed up with Yoshiyuki Ishizuka to form the comedy duo "Ari to kirigirisu" or "Ant to the Grasshopper" . He has had roles in such works as The Incite Mill (2010), Suite Dreams (2006), Journey to the West (2006).

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

 Masanori Ishii (official blog)
 Masanori Ishii (personal blog)

1973 births
Living people
Japanese male comedians
21st-century Japanese male actors
Japanese male television actors
People from Yokohama


title: Daisuke Kikuta

text:
, born December 1, 1988, is a Japanese actor best known for his role as Fujiyama Shuntaro in  and as his minor roles in such works as The Incite Mill,  and Kaitō Royale.

Filmography

Film
 The Incite Mill (2010)
 Gakudori (2011)
 Ouran High School Host Club (2012) – Tōgō-in Makoto (American football Deputy)
  (2012) – Fujiyama Shuntaro
 Torihada: Gekijouban (2012)
 Peach Girl (2017)

Television
  (2010) – Mikumo Gota
  (2010) – Aoe Shinichiro
  (2011) – Futaba Ran
 Kaitō Royale (2011) – Shuhei Kazuki
  (2012) – Katsumi Takemura
  (2012) – Hayato Kudo
 Ashita Switch (2012) – Himself
  (2012 TV Mini-Series) – Akira imaizumi (ep 7)
  (2013 TV Mini-Series) – Alberto José Tanaka (ep 8)
  (2013 TV Mini-Series) – Masashi Kaneda
 Matori no onna: Kōsei Rōdōshō Mayaku Torishimarikan (2014 TV Movie)
 Sanbiki no ossan (2014 TV Mini-Series)
  (2014 TV Mini-Series) – Okazaki Hayato (ep 4-5)
 Shinigami kun (2014 TV Mini-Series) – Nagatomo Yusuke (ep 9)
  (2014 TV Mini-Series) – Masashi Kaneda
  (2014 TV Mini-Series) – Seiya

Stage
 Romeo and Juliet (2014) as Paris

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
21st-century Japanese male actors
Male actors from Tokyo


title: 1821 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1821 in Portugal.

Incumbents
Monarch: John VI
President of the Regency: Manuel António de Sampaio Melo e Castro Moniz Torres de Lusignan (from January)
Minister of the Kingdom: Inácio da Costa Quintela (from 4 July to 7 September), Francisco Duarte Coelho (interim, from 14 August to 7 September), Filipe Ferreira de Araújo e Castro (from 7 September), José da Silva Carvalho (interim, from 7 September to 8 October)

Events
 January - General Extraordinary and Constituent Courts of the Portuguese Nation
 Cortes Gerais e Extraordinárias da Nação Portuguesa drafts the basis for a new constitution, proposes the closure of Portuguese Inquisition
 July 4 - Return of John VI from Brazil, who approves on that day the Bases da Constituição

References

Portugal
Portugal
Years of the 19th century in Portugal


title: Jan Bidovec

text:
Jan Bidovec (born 17 October 1989) is a Slovenian épée fencer.

Biography

Bidovec started fencing in the fencing club Tabor Ljubljana. He later moved to Zurich, Switzerland to pursue medical studies and trained in the Akademischer Fechtclub Zürich. He currently trains in the Fechtklub Bern and works as a Surgery Resident in Spital Thun. He competes in international tournaments since 2006.

He reached the final table of 32 at the 2012 European Championships in Legnano, where he stumbled against Spain's Elias Casado. In the 2013–14 season he won the Belgrade satellite tournament. He also qualified for the final table of 64 in the 2014 World Championships in Kazan, but he lost by a single hit to 1988 Olympic bronze medallist José Luis Abajo.

References

External links
 Profile at the European Fencing Confederation
 bio

Slovenian male épée fencers
1989 births
Living people
Slovenian emigrants
Immigrants to Switzerland
Sportspeople from Zürich


title: Shell Residential Area, Port Harcourt

text:
Shell Residential Area, also commonly called Shell RA or just RA,  is a well-planned and affluent neighborhood of Port Harcourt city in Rivers State. It is predominantly residential, and is mainly occupied by Shell's local and expatriate staff and dependants.

Geography
Shell Residential Area is located at  (4.851779, 7.047472) and its postal area zip code is 500211. Its boundaries are East West Road to the north, Rumuokwurushi Road to the east, Port Harcourt-Aba Expressway to the south, and Eliozu/Okporo Road to the west. The road distance between Port Harcourt's Elelenwo neighborhood and Shell RA is approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.0 miles).

Education
Rumukoroshe School - Located at the old Shell Club site. Since 1968 Rumukoroshe School has been offering a high quality international education for the children (aged 3–14) of both expatriate and Nigerian Shell staff. It is operated by the Shell Petroleum Development Company and the teaching staff have degrees and teaching qualifications from some of the most prestigious universities around the world. The school has attained International Primary Curriculum (IPC) accreditation at Mastering level. The school teaches the English National Curriculum for Maths and English and a progression of the IEYC, IPC and IMYC for all other subjects. It also prepares children for their IGCSE's in the Middle Year classes.

Points of interest
Rumuokwurusi Golf Club - Formed in 1965. The golf club, as of 2010, had just over 100 members. Its 9-hole course layout holds a Standard Scratch Score of 64 (men) and 66 (women).
The Shell Club - Previously known as Shell Senior Staff Club. It first operated under a thatched roof joint from mid 1957 — early 1958. By mid 1960, the club had moved into a new space which would become its permanent building. Shell Club is known to offer facilities for fitness, such as gym, swimming pools, and courts for racket sports. There are also a number of bars and restaurants serving at the complex.

References

External links
The Shell Club Port Harcourt

Neighbourhoods in Port Harcourt
Obio-Akpor


title: Perry Gregg

text:
Lucius Perry Gregg, III (born January 8, 1960) is an American computer scientist and American tennis coach.

Early life
He was the first African American alumnus to be admitted early admission to Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has a B.A. in mathematics and in computer science from Harvard University and a J.D. from the University of California, Davis. He is the son of Wendell Phillips Academy High School notable alumnus Lucius Perry Gregg, Jr.

Career
He holds mobile device patents for a system for multipath contactless transactions, allowing businesses to accept credit and debit cards without a card terminal reader.

In 2019 Gregg was nominated as the Tim Gullikson ATP Touring Coach of the Year for his work as a professional tennis coach on the ATP Tour.

In 2021 Gregg declared candidacy for the Democratic Party (United States) primary August 23, 2022 U.S. House of Representatives Florida’s 8th Congressional District.

References

1960 births
Living people
Evanston Township High School alumni
American computer scientists
American tennis coaches
Harvard University alumni
UC Davis School of Law alumni


title: Palestinian self-determination

text:
Palestinian self-determination refers to aspirations by some Palestinians and Palestinian nationalists for increased autonomy and sovereign independence as well as to the international right of self-determination applied to Palestine. Such sentiments are features of both the one state solution and the two state solution. In the two state solution this usually denotes territorial integrity initiatives, such as resisting occupation in the West Bank, annexation efforts in East Jerusalem or freedom of movement along borders as well the preservation of important sites such as al-Aqsa mosque.

Overview
Examples of modern Palestinian politicians who are proponents of Palestinian self-determination include Saeb Erekat. In the one state solution, Palestinian self-determination usually takes the form of calls for Palestinian reunification, which would include a reversal of the 1948 UN decision for the partition of Palestine. Some Palestinian proponents of self-determination such as Edward Said have drawn an analogy between Zionism and colonialism. Other proponents of Palestinian self-determination such as Jamil Effarah have made an analogy between the conditions in the Palestinian territories and the Bantustan land-reserves in apartheid era South Africa.

See also
 Thawabit
 State of Palestine

References

Palestinian politics
Two-state solution
International law
Palestinian nationalism
Sovereignty
Arab separatism


title: José María Araúz de Robles Estremera

text:
José María Araúz de Robles Estremera (1898–1977) was a Spanish Carlist and Alfonsist politician, businessman and bull breeder. He is recognized as a theorist of Traditionalist labor organisation and an advocate of gremialism, a counter-proposal to the Francoist vertical syndicates. His lineage of bulls was fairly popular in the 1950s and became a point of reference in the business, to go into decline in the 1970s.

Family and youth

The Biscay Araúz family arrived in the Alto Tajo mountains as miners and foundrymen. They settled in Peralejos de las Truchas and constructed Casa Grande de Araúz in 1816; some joined the Carlists during the Carlist Wars. The grandfather of José María, Simón Arauz Huerta, was a bull-breeder who in 1905 co-founded what is now Unión de Criadores de Toros de Lidia. A branch of the family kept breeding bulls until 1931, when the Hermanos Arauz brand disappeared from the market. The father of José María, Enrique Araúz Estremera, studied at Colegio Molinés de Padres Escolapios in Madrid and practiced as a doctor in his native village, where he also served as alcalde; also a Carlist, he remained sensitive to social issues and co-operated with the local workers’ periodical, La Alcarria Obrera. In 1895 he published La hija del Tío Paco o lo que pueden dos mil duros. Heavily influenced by José María de Pereda, the book fell into the costumbrismo trend.

José Maria and his siblings were brought up in a profoundly Catholic ambience.  Orphaned by father in 1905, he moved to Madrid to attend the Salesian Colegio de San Juan Bautista. He studied law in Universidad Central de Madrid to obtain his PhD laurels in 1919; in 1921 he became Abogado del Estado. Drafted to the army he reduced his term as a soldier de cuota and served in Regimiento Inmemorial del Rey during the Moroccan campaign, witnessing  the battle of Annual in 1921. Upon his return married to Mercedes López Ramiro; the couple had 5 sons: Fernando, José Maria, Jesús, Javier and Santiago. Javier married Ana Dávila, daughter of the Falangist politician Sancho Dávila y Fernández. Santiago Araúz de Robles López, a lawyer by profession and a hunter by vocation, apart from juridical contributions is best known as author of novels and essays revolving around rural life, not an unusual Carlist thread.<ref>see Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta,  “Esa ciudad maldita, cuna del centralismo, la burocracia y el liberalismo”: la ciudad como enemigo en el tradicionalismo español, [in:] En: Actas del congreso internacional "Arquitectura, ciudad e ideología antiurbana", Pamplona 2002, </ref> The brother of José María, Carlos Araúz de Robles Estremera, also a lawyer, became an author of multiple works in law/legislation, history and letters, including essays, poetry and novels, also with the costumbrista leaning.

Early public activity

Throughout the 1920s Araúz de Robles practiced law in Huesca, Sevilla, Ávila and Madrid, serving also in the local Molina de Aragón ayuntamiento. In 1922 he co-founded a Christian-Democratic Partido Social Popular, and became a member of its defensa nacional section. In the mid-1920s he published a few short novels: Don Bernardo "el Idumeo" (1922), Si tu supieras!  (1923) and Estrella errante (192?), written in a baroque version of costumbrismo, though it was rather his wartime recollections Por el Camino de Annual (1924) that gained more popularity. In 1928 he organized local homages to the molinés soldiers fallen in the Rif War, attended by King Alfonso XII; he also sponsored the monument built at Monte Arruit in Morocco. In the late 1920s Araúz co-founded Asociación Católica de Padres de Familia to become its secretary in the early 1930s. During political disarray of Dictablanda, Araúz on various public meetings defended the monarchy and harangued against the republican designs, including these of a conservative format; he donated money to families of those who died fighting the failed republican coup in Jaca. Lobbied for construction of the La Roda – Tarazona railway line, which would cross the Moncayo massif and benefit his native Molina region.

During the first days of the Republic Araúz joined the Agrarian Party and as its candidate unsuccessfully ran for Cortes from the Guadalajara province in 1931. Late 1931 he co-founded the Alfonsist monarchist organization Acción Española and early the following year he set up its journal of the same name. Continuing with his interest in social issues, in 1932 Araúz co-organised Primer Congreso del Pensamiento Social Popular. During 1931-1932 he took part in a number of broadly monarchist public meetings, often jointly with the Traditionalist leaders. Attracted by Carlist intransigence, he drew close to their Comunión Tradicionalista. In the months of 1933-34 Araúz participated in a series of Carlist public meetings, conferences and lectures, sometimes assuming a somewhat revolutionary tone. He formally broke with the Agrarians in 1934; in a letter to its leader, Martinez de Velasco he pointed that political parties and inorganic democracy no longer suited the needs of Spain.

Carlist against the Republic

Within Carlism, Araúz became a new rising figure. In the 1933 elections he successfully ran on the Carlist ticket from Granada. In the 1936 elections (also in Granada) he emerged victorious and was even nominated secretary of the Carlist parliamentary minority, but his mandate was cancelled due to alleged irregularities. Araúz conspired against the Republic as member of the La Ferme based Junta Nacional Carlista. Following the outbreak of hostilities he joined the Burgos-based Junta Carlista de Guerra and became head of its Guilds and Corporations section, sort of Carlist “ministry of labor” bent to build a syndical structure competitive to the Falangist scheme. Araúz co-engineered the raid of Aragonese Requetés who captured his native Molina de Aragon early August 1936; he later contributed to forming of the local Requeté battalion, Tercio de María de Molina.

Late summer 1936 Araúz strived to install the Catholic Confederación Española de Sindicatos Obreros (CESO) syndicate by the Burgos-based Junta de Defensa Nacional. As the Francoist quasi-government banned any trade union activities the Carlists tried to find a workaround by creating Obra Nacional Corporativa in November, an attempt to build own labor structure to be headed by Araúz, and defended its integrity against the Falangist CONS unions. At that time he emerged as "chief theorist of corporativism" within the Traditionalist realm.

In 1937 he published Plan de la Obra Nacional Corporativa and Corporativismo gremial, sketching rules for the future organization of labor. The vision was based on Christian social theory, laid out in Spain by Severino Aznar Embid and developed ideas drafted in Araúz's earlier pamphlet La nueva politica: ideas sobre el futuro de España (1929). The works proposed to defuse social conflict by political representation of labor, wage control, pension schemes, unemployment and sick plans, arbitration boards, cooperatives, anti-speculation laws etc. They endorsed a regulated state, though fell short of syndicalism schemes and vehemently criticized fascism; some scholars view it as a hybrid of Christian-social and Traditionalist patterns, though some classify it as corporativism. Carlos Hugo, a future leader of Partido Carlista, would refer to Araúz's vision in the 1959 Montejurra meeting when commencing his campaign to steer Carlism towards socialism.

Carlist against Franco

During the meeting of top Carlist leaders in Insua in February 1937 Araúz seemed undecided about the Carlist strategy towards the forthcoming unification threat, concerned more about the unity of Traditionalism. Together with Lamamié de Clairac he talked in Villarreal de Álava to the Falangist leader Manuel Hedilla and agreed that either unification would take place on their terms, or not at all. He is listed as a member of the in-between Carlist group, neither decisively opposing nor decisively supporting the unification, though he soon adopted a dissident stand and in October 1937 got expulsed from Falange Española Tradicionalista. His bid to build Carlist syndicates failed. Though CESO tried to avoid amalgamation by federating within the ONC, Obra Nacional Corporativa was eventually incorporated into the Francoist trade unions and Araúz was removed from integrated labor structures. Personally regarded unfavourably in the Franco headquarters, he enlisted to the Requetes and took part in the Biscay campaign, finally withdrawing from the Francoist political and military structures.

In the early 1940s Araúz, determined to bring the monarchy back, was steering between the Carlists and the Alfonsists. In August 1943 along with Manuel Fal Conde and a number of other Carlist leaders he signed a letter to Franco, demanding that fascistoid features of the regime are replaced with Traditionalist solutions; the response was his detention and a month spent behind bars in the Dirección General de Seguridad prison. Later the same year he conferred with the Alfonsinos concerning their policy towards Francoism. He supported a manifesto to be issued by their claimant Don Juan, a document intended to dissociate the pretender from Franco; in minority, he fruitlessly advocated a bold action. In 1944 he supported vague plans for a joint monarchist coup against Franco. In 1946 together with conde Rodezno he visited Don Juan in Estoril, sounding him on a would-be dynastical agreement between himself and the Carlist regent-claimant Don Javier. Formally the mission did not breach the rules of Carlist regency, but in fact it was bordering disloyalty to Don Javier. In 1957 together with Arellano he sought Carlist adhesions to the Juanista project and emerged among leaders of the initiative; eventually, both Araúz de Robles brothers, José Maria and Carlos, joined a large fraction of Carlists who recognized Don Juan as the legitimate Carlist pretender. The Acto de Estoril declaration marked his formal break with mainstream Carlism. He was expulsed from Comunión and faced anger of the javierista crowd during the Carlist Montejurra amassment of the following year.

Juanista

In 1957 Araúz co-founded , styled as formal body within mainstream Carlism; presiding it, he co-ordinated buildup of its local structures. He also co-founded Amigos de Maeztu, a monarchist lobbying group styled as a literary association, and became its vice-president and a member of Junta Directiva. His relations with Don Juan cooled; Araúz was disappointed by the claimant's backtracking on his declared Traditionalist outlook, while Don Juan was disappointed by Araúz's failure to bring all Carlists into his camp. Nevertheless, he remained a member of the Juanist Consejo de la Corona and Consejo Privado (though not his Secretariado Político). As advisor to Don Juan he firmly opposed the democratic tendency. In 1961, when El Boletín de la Secretaria del Consejo Privado endorsed a monarchy based on parliamentary party politics, Araúz reacted with a letter to the Council's head, José María Pemán, voicing his disgust. He presented the same stand in public debate. When ABC published a front-page piece of Rafael Calvo, pointing to a possible co-existence between liberalism and Catholicism, Araúz repelled the thesis. By mid-1960s Araúz discarded his anti-Francoism and pressed a collaborative strategy towards the regime, somewhat against a cautious approach favoured by Pemán and other Juanista leaders.

As it became apparent that Franco would ignore Don Juan and mark his son Juan Carlos as the future king, most Juanistas found themselves confused. Araúz aligned himself with the official line and re-oriented himself towards the young prince. When in 1966 the ABC daily called on its front page for Don Juan to assume the throne, the issue was forcibly withdrawn from sale; two days later the newspaper published the text of Araúz, who denied his Carlist identity and in Aesopian language argued that Don Juan would be hostage to party politics, while Juan Carlos would be the king of all Spaniards. He later advocated “yes” vote in referendum on Ley Orgánica del Estado, which, however, did not advance the answer to succession question beyond the vague 1947 formula. In late 1960s Araúz tried to approach Juan Carlos and was present during the 1968 baptism of his son, Don Felipe.

Araúz did not make it to the inner circle of the prince, possibly because he remained a firm opponent of democracy. During the final years of Francoism he assailed “political associations” (a long-discussed idea at that time about to materialize) in letters to both popular newspapers and specialized reviews. He tried to prevent the socialist takeover of Carlism by creating a competitive combatant Requeté association or a competitive Carlist political organization, first as Hermandad de Maestrazgo and then as Comunión Tradicionalista, praising also the virtues of Traditionalist Fal Conde in his 1975 obituary. Though his brother Carlos joined Unión Nacional Española, José Maria never has. In one of his last public statements, dated August 1976 and titled “An unanswered message”, Araúz confirmed his mistrust towards democracy.

Bull breeder

In 1945 Arauz de Robles purchased toro bravo livestock of the local Herederos de Rufo Serrano Muñoz company, shortly before owned by a modest torero, Mariano García de Lora. He energetically ventured to refresh the breed with new studs from Samuel Flores and Guardiola Soto breeds and raised his own sementales. He registered his own hierro in 1947 and the same year his bulls (the first one named Asustado) started to appear on the arenas, most notably on the Madrid Las Ventas. In the 1940s Arauz de Robles was aggressively developing the business, co-operating with recognized local ranchers like Vicente Sierra Peiró and purchasing 60-70 cows at local fairs. He specialized in the novillas bulls, gaining notoriety with Choricero (1951). He pursued a fairly unusual path by mating of cross-lineage breeds, resulting in some unrepeatability and unpredictability of the bulls. In the 1950s he bought another ranch in the heart of the Andalusian Sierra Morena, which initially served auxiliary purposes.

The lineage became an established brand on the Spanish toro bravo market in the 1950s and early 1960s. In the 1970s Arauz de Robles switched to the mainstream toro do lidia; his ganadería formed one of the 30-odd bull-ranches which served as a point of reference in scientific studies, also taking part in celebrated events like the Pamplona Sanfermines. In 1978 the breed was taken over by his son Francisco Javier Arauz de Robles López, who changed the hierro (1978)  and later moved the ganaderia to Jaen province. Initially fairly active, recently it has been rather quiescent, with the owners pointing to a number of difficulties, including competition from Domecq breed. This, plus allegedly declining quality led some organisations to black-list the breed, despite the owner's marketing campaign. The lineage is present on the official UCTL list. Santiago Araúz de Robles López started breeding horses in Baños de la Encina. He has approached bullfighting from the scholarly perspective of a social scientist.

See also
 Carlism
 Francoism
 Corporativism
 Spanish Fighting Bull

Footnotes

Further reading
 Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain, Cambridge 2008,
 José Martín Brocos Fernández, Una pequeńa historia del Carlismo del siglo XX a través de tres semblanzas: Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, José María Arauz de Robles y Francisco Elías de Tejada, [in:] Arbil 120 (2005)
 Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962-1977, Pamplona 1997; , 9788431315641
 Angela Cenarro Lagunas, Introducción a la edicion digital de “Obrerismo”, [in:] Institución Fernando El Catolico website
 Onésimo Díaz Hernández, Fernando de Meer Lecha-Marzo, Rafael Calvo Serer, La búsqueda de la libertad (1954-1988), Madrid 2010, , 9788432138331
 Fernando de Meer, La soledad de D. Juan de Borbón. El "no" de los monárquicos del interior a la ruptura con Franco (XII.1943) Análisis de un proceso, [in:] Boletín Real Academia de la Historia, CXCIV (1997)
 Erik Nörling, La Obra Nacional Corporativa. El proyecto fracasado de estructura sindical tradicionalista en el primer franquismo, 1936-1939, [in:] Aportes 22 (2007), pp. 98–117
 José María Toquero, Franco y Don Juan: La Oposición Monárquica Al Franquismo, Barcelona 1989, , 9788478630042
 El Santuario de Nuestra Señora de Ribagordia'', vol. 3, Lérida 1948

External links
 Arauz family until early 20th century
 Arauz family in Alto Tajo
 Arauz's father and Obrerismo
 bibliography of Arauz
 Arauz by Bartyzel
 obituary
 Arauz and corporativism
 Arauz and 1937 Plan
 1937 Plan de Obra
Arauz and 1943 manifesto of Don Juan
 Arauz and Accion Espanola
 Arauz and the war in Africa
 toro de lidia breeds
 Arauz de Robles breed in Terralia
 Arauz de Robles breed blacklisted
 Arauz de Robles breed in stats
 Arauz horse ranch
 bull marketing video
 books by Santiago
 Casa de Arauz
 bull genealogy
 book by Enrique Arauz
 Enrique Arauz and the workers
 Arauz breed at portaltaurino
 ganaderia Arauz
 Arauz breed at Objetivo Toro
 Carlos Arauz obituary
 books by Carlos Arauz
 Arauz at Arbil
 ganaderia Arauz de Robles marketing leaflet

1898 births
1977 deaths
People from the Province of Guadalajara
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish Agrarian Party politicians
Acción Española
Carlists
Spanish monarchists
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Politicians from Castilla–La Mancha
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
20th-century Spanish lawyers


title: Christ ist erstanden (Schütz)

text:
Christ ist erstanden (Christ is risen),  SWV 470, is a sacred choral work by Heinrich Schütz, a setting of the German Easter hymn "Christ ist erstanden". It is scored for a three-part Favoritchor SAT, two Capellchor SATB, a choir of four trombones (Coro di tromboni), a choir of four viols (Coro di viole) and basso continuo.

Christ ist erstanden is part of the complete edition of the composer's works by Carus-Verlag, begun in 1992 as the Stuttgart Schütz Edition and planned to be completed by 2017. The edition uses the  of the .

References

External links

Compositions by Heinrich Schütz
Choral compositions


title: 1822 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1822 in Portugal.

Incumbents
Monarch: John VI
Minister of the Kingdom: Filipe Ferreira de Araújo e Castro

Events
 New Constitution
 7 September - Independence of Brazil
 Establishment of the Carbonária

Deaths
 19 February - Jerónimo Francisco de Lima, composer
 19 November - Manuel Fernandes Tomás (born 1771)

References

Portugal
Years of the 19th century in Portugal
Portugal


title: Proto-Philippine language

text:
The Proto-Philippine language is a reconstructed ancestral proto-language of the Philippine languages, a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian languages which includes all languages within the Philippines (except for the Sama–Bajaw languages) as well as those within the northern portions of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Proto-Philippine is not directly attested to in any written work, but linguistic reconstruction by the comparative method has found regular similarities among languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or word-borrowing.

Classification

There have been three initial proposals in delineating the southern boundaries of the Philippine group: Northern Borneo in Malaysia, southern Philippines (encompassing southern Luzon all the way to Mindanao and the Sulu Sea area), and northern Sulawesi in Indonesia. The earliest boundary was proposed by Esser (1938) between the Gorontalo languages and the Tomini languages of Sulawesi. While it was later found decades after (Himmelmann, 1990) that there are shared innovations between Philippine and Tomini languages, there are still uncertainties as to whether the latter do validly form one genetic group, or should be relegated as a mere geographic unit. Meanwhile, Charles (1974) in particular proposed that languages in Sabah and of northern Sarawak are descendants of this Proto-Philippines, which has subsequently garnered counter-evidences (Blust, 1974; Reid, 1982; Zorc, 1986). Lastly, there have been several proposals establishing southern Philippines as the boundary (Thomas & Healey, 1962; Dyen, 1965; Zorc, 1977; 1986) with the "Macro Meso-Philippine" and "Sangiric" as two primary branches. Walton (1979) and McFarland (1980) included the Sama-Bajau group as the third branch, but such has been later disputed as entirely separate directly under Malayo-Polynesian.

Features

Due to issues in the validity of a Philippine genetic group, and thus the existence of an ancestral Proto-Philippines language, most of its features particularly its phonology remain as proposals.

Phonology

Llamzon's reconstruction
Llamzon's (1975) proposed phonology of Proto-Philippines was derived from earlier reconstructions of Dempwolff's (1934-1938) works by Dyen (1947; 1951; 1953a; 1953b; 1953c). Used in this reconstruction were nine languages—Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Bikol (Central?), Ilokano, Ibanag, Ifugao, and Kankanaey—with the rationale that the aforementioned have "relatively better structural description and vocabularies" than other related and geographically contiguous languages at that time. While his analysis focused on attested Proto-Austronesian phonemes which were retained in this Proto-Philippines, features that were lost or merged were not highlighted.

Proto-phonemes *Z and *D were restricted to medial positions, and were not retained in any of the languages.

The proto-phonemes *j and *R are not preserved as such in any Philippine language: *j became either *g or *d (e.g. *púsəj became Ilocano púsəg, Tagalog púsod), whereas *R shifted to *r (e.g. in Ilokano), *l (e.g. in Pangasinan), *g (e.g. in Tagalog) or *y (e.g. in Kapampangan).

Proto-Philippines schwa *ə often merged with other vowels (e.g. /u/ in Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray; /a/ in Ibanag, /i/ in Tagalog), but is retained in a diverse range of Philippine languages (e.g. Gaddang, Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguindanao, Rinconada Bikol, Palawano), and in southern dialects of Ilokano.

Paz' reconstruction
Another notable proposal is by Paz (1981) who conducted a bottom-up approach by reconstructing using her own symbols.

Paz revisits two types of proto-Austronesian L as part of her reconstruction (l, l̥), which makes it distinct from other reconstructions.

In comparison to Llamzon, Paz presents five diphthongs instead.

Lexicon
Below is a table comparing core vocabulary from modern Philippine languages in relation to the follow Proto-Philippine innovations. Note that the accented vowels (e.g. á) under Proto-Philippine indicate the stress, while q represents glottal stop.

Below are selected animal and plant names in Proto-Philippine from the Austronesian Comparative Dictionary.

Animal names
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. !! Common name !! Scientific name !! Proto-Philippine
|-
| 9207 || fish sp., slipmouth || Leiognathus sp. || *sapsáp
|-
| 10806 || kind of mackerel || Rastrelliger spp. || *tuliŋan
|-
| 10964 || a sea fish, the rudderfish || Kyphosus cinerascens || *hilek
|-
| 1631 || anchovy || Stolephorus spp. || *bulínaw
|-
| 12682 || milkfish || Chanos chanos || *baŋús
|-
| 11877 || parrot fish || Scarus spp. || *mulmúl
|-
| 9819 || kind of water bird, the Oriental darter || Anhinga melanogaster || *kasíli
|-
| 10671 || a bird and its call, probably the tailor bird || Orthotomus atrogularis || *tiwtiw
|-
| 11077 || coconut crab || Birgus latro || *tatus
|-
| 12348 || large marine mollusk || Turbo marmoratus || *RaRaŋ
|}

Plant names
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! No. !! Common name !! Scientific name !! Proto-Philippine
|-
| 9369 || a flowering plant || Ixora spp. || *santán
|-
| 9568 || a fruit tree, the pomelo || Citrus decumana || *suháq
|-
| 2940 || a leguminous shrub || Leucaena glauca || *ipil ipil
|-
| 8957 || a palm || Corypha spp. || *silaR
|-
| 12394 || a plant || Acalypha spp. || *abilus
|-
| 10807 || a plant || Astronia spp., Melastomataceae || *tuŋaw₂
|-
| 11068 || a plant || Glochidion spp. || *anam
|-
| 9810 || a plant || Impatiens balsamina || *kamantigi
|-
| 6876 || a plant || Lunasia amara || *paqit-an
|-
| 10007 || a plant || Sesbania grandiflora || *katúday
|-
| 9565 || a plant || Solanum spp. || *sili-sili
|-
| 10064 || a plant in the banana family || Musa textilis? || *qaRutay
|-
| 12593 || a plant with medicinal value, probably || Blumea spp. || *qalibun
|-
| 11080 || a shrub or tree || Melanolepis multiglandulosa || *álem
|-
| 9651 || a shrub, the Jew's mallow || Corchorus spp., fam. Malvaceae || *salúyut
|-
| 12668 || a small tree with leaves used as medicine || Citrus aurantifolia || *dayap
|-
| 10265 || a tall tree || Parkia spp. || *kúpaŋ
|-
| 7998 || a tree || Acalypha amentacea || *beRus
|-
| 12362 || a tree || Diospyros sp. || *kanadem
|-
| 947 || a tree || Diospyros spp. || *talaŋ₁
|-
| 9647 || a tree || Erythrina spp. || *sabaŋ₂
|-
| 10966 || a tree || Ficus sp. || *lab(e)nuR
|-
| 10563 || a tree || Ficus sp. || *tebéR
|-
| 11024 || a tree || Ganua obovatifolia, Sapotaceae || *piaŋa
|-
| 608 || a tree || Lagerstroemia speciosa || *banabá
|-
| 11756 || a tree || Mallotus lackeyi || *lamay
|-
| 12325 || a tree || Myristica spp. || *lagu₂
|-
| 9093 || a tree || Planchonella obovata || *banisah
|-
| 9092 || a tree || Pongamia spp. || *bani₂
|-
| 10722 || a tree || Prunus sp. || *taŋa₄
|-
| 12392 || a tree || Shorea polysperma || *taŋíliq
|-
| 11555 || a tree and its fruit, the Java plum || Syzygium cumini || *luŋ(e)búy
|-
| 12198 || a tree with bark that can be used as a shampoo || Ganophyllum falcatum || *gúguq
|-
| 12228 || a tree with edible fruit || Diplodiscus paniculatus || *baRubu
|-
| 1208 || a tree; || Macaranga tanarius || *binuŋa
|-
| 12434 || a vine || Caesalpinia bonduc || *kabit₃
|-
| 10233 || a vine with gourd or cucumber-like fruit || Luffa sp.? || *kabatíti
|-
| 11595 || a vine with red flower clusters, the Chinese honeysuckle || Quisqualis indica || *taluluŋ
|-
| 12477 || an edible plant, swamp cabbage || Ipomoea aquatica || *taŋkuŋ
|-
| 11071 || beautyberry || Callicarpa spp. || *anayup
|-
| 11088 || creeping vine that grows on sandy beaches, the beach morning glory || Ipomoea pes-caprae || *balinu
|-
| 11148 || hairy eggplant || Solanum ferox || *basula
|-
| 10234 || kind of aromatic herb || Pogostemon cablin || *kab(e)liŋ
|-
| 9922 || kind of ebony or persimmon tree with fruits that are pounded and used to stupefy fish || Diospyros spp. || *kanúmay
|-
| 10312 || kind of edible squash or gourd || Lagenaria leucantha || *tabayaR
|-
| 11075 || kind of tall grass || Themeda gigantea || *taŋ(e)laj
|-
| 9750 || kind of wild lemon tree, possibly || Citrus hystrix || *kabuRaw
|-
| 9806 || large forest tree with edible brown, hairy fruits || Diospyros discolor || *kamaguŋ
|-
| 10412 || lesser yam || Dioscorea sp. || *tugíq
|-
| 10885 || lima bean || Phaseolus lunatus || *patániq
|-
| 2 || Manila hemp || Musa textilis || *abaká
|-
| 11872 || mountain apple || Eugenia spp. || *makúpa
|-
| 12657 || native spinach || Amaranthus spp. || *kulitis
|-
| 11653 || Philippine cedar tree || Cedrela sp. || *kalantas
|-
| 10749 || plant with leaves used as a vegetable || Talinum paniculatum or Talinum triangulare || *talínum
|-
| 1854 || silk cotton tree || Ceiba pentandra || *buybuy
|-
| 11145 || small tree || Morinda citrifolia? || *apatut
|-
| 12468 || taro || Colocasia esculenta || *gabi
|-
| 10978 || the almasiga tree || Agathis celebica || *gala
|-
| 11073 || the castor bean plant || Ricinus communis || *katana
|-
| 10163 || the horseradish tree || Moringa oleifera || *maruŋgay
|-
| 12753 || the Philippine mahogany || Shorea or Hopea sp. || *yakál
|-
| 9615 || the sappan tree || Caesalpinia sappan || *sibukaw
|-
| 12361 || the seeded breadfruit tree || Artocarpus camansi || *kamansi
|-
| 12253 || the seeded breadfruit tree || Artocarpus camansi || *kamansiq
|-
| 10762 || tree with bright yellow fruit that has dry flesh || Lucuma nervosa || *tisaq
|-
| 8970 || wild palm tree with fruit similar to areca nut || Heterospathe elata || *sagisí
|}

See also
Proto-Austronesian language
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
Proto-Oceanic language
Proto-Polynesian language
Philippine languages
Philippine Negrito languages
Austronesian languages

References

Further reading
Paz, Consuelo J. The Application of the Comparative Method to Philippine Languages
Liao, Hsiu-chuan. On the Development of Comitative Verbs in Philippine Languages , Language and Linguistics, 2011.

External links
Philippine etyma file cards by R. David Zorc

Philippine
Languages of the Philippines


title: Suket State

text:
Suket State was one of the Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj.  The capital of the state was Pangna. Its last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 15 April 1948. Formerly it belonged to the States of the Punjab Hills and currently, it is part of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. The present-day Mandi district was formed with the merger of the two princely states of Mandi and Suket.

History
According to tradition the predecessor state was founded about 765 by Bira Sen (Vir Sen), claimed to be a son of a Sena dynasty King of Bengal. The early history of Suket was marred by constant warfare against other principalities, especially against the Kingdom of Kullu. At the time of Raja Bikram Sen, Kullu was under the overlordship of Suket State and was reduced to paying tribute to Suket. Raja Madan Sen's reign was the golden age of Suket, when its ruler reduced into submission the neighboring smaller states. During the reign of Raja Udai Sen Suket came under the influence of the Mughal Empire who were content with merely exacting tribute.

At the time of Raja Bikram Sen II, Sukket survived the invasion of the Gurkhas of Nepal (1803 to 1815) and the ensuing brief period of Sikh dominance thanks to the Raja's diplomatic skills. In 1845, when war broke out between the Sikhs and the British, the Rajas of Suket and Mandi took the side of the British, signing a Treaty of Alliance in Bilaspur in 1846. In the same year a sanad was granted to Raja Ugar Sen II confirming him and his heirs in the possession of the Suket territories.

Rulers
The rulers of Suket bore the title Raja. The clan name of the royal lineage was 'Suketi' or 'Suketr'.

Rajas
1663 - 1721                Jit Sen                            (d. 1721)
1721 - 1748                Garur Sen                          (b. 1693 - d. 1748)
1748 - 1762                Bhikam Sen                         (d. 1762) (Afghan invasions)
1762 - 1791                Ranjit Sen                         (d. 1791)
1791 - 1838                Bikram Sen II                      (b. 17.. - d. 1838)
1838 - 1876                Ugar Sen II                        (d. 1876)
1876 - Apr 1878            Rudra Sen                          (b. 1828 - d. 1886)
1878 - 1879                Arimardan Sen                      (b. 1863 - d. 1879)
29 Mar 1879 – 27 May 1908  Dasht Nikandan Sen                 (b. 1865 - d. 1908)
29 Mar 1879 - 1884         Munshi Hardyal Singh -Regent
27 May 1908 – 12 Oct 1919  Bhim Sen                           (b. 1885 - d. 1919) (from 1 Jan 1918, Sir Bhim Sen)
13 Oct 1919 – 15 Aug 1947  Lakshman Sen                       (b. 1895 - d. 1970)

Demographics

Religion

See also
Punjab States Agency
Political integration of India
Lalit Sen
Hari Sen

Notes

References

External links

Princely states of Punjab
History of Himachal Pradesh
Mandi district
8th-century establishments in India
765 establishments
1948 disestablishments in India
Former monarchies of Asia
Gun salute princely states


title: My Love By My Side

text:
My Love By My Side () is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Lee So-yeon, Lee Jae-yoon and On Joo-wan. It aired on SBS from May 7 to October 23, 2011 on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:50 for 50 episodes.

Plot
Do Mi-sol is a single mother who gave birth when she was a teenager and raised her son alone after her boyfriend dumped her. Years later, she falls in love with a kind-hearted man.

Cast
Lee So-yeon as Do Mi-sol
Lee Jae-yoon as Lee So-ryong
On Joo-wan as Go Seok-bin
Kim Mi-sook as Bong Sun-ah
Moon Cheon-shik as Kim Woo-dong
Kim Mi-kyung as Choi Eun-hee
Kim Myung-gook as Lee Man-soo
Sa Mi-ja as Sarah Jung
Jeon Hye-bin as Jo Yoon-jung
Lee Hwi-hyang as Bae Jung-ja
Kim Il-woo as Go Jin-taek
Moon Ji-in as Go Soo-bin
Choi Jae-sung as Go Jin-gook
Jung Hye-sun as Mrs. Kang
Lee Eui-jung as Lee Joo-ri
Oh Chi-woong as Director Kang
Park Jung-woo as John Cook
Ryan as Jason
Kim Tae-joon
Lee Tae-woo as Bong Young-woong
Yoon Yi-na

Awards and nominations

International broadcast
 It aired in Vietnam from June 6, 2014 on VTV3 under the title Hãy sống bên anh.

References

External links
My Love By My Side official SBS website

2011 South Korean television series debuts
2011 South Korean television series endings
Seoul Broadcasting System television dramas
Korean-language television shows
South Korean romance television series


title: Alan Hofmann

text:
Alan Frederick Hofmann (May 17, 1931 – September 7, 2021) was a gastrointestinal physiologist, biochemist and clinician who was notable for his extensive basic, translational and clinical research on bile acids and lipid digestion. From 1977, he was a member of the Division of Gastroenterology at University of California, San Diego. He influenced and mentored a large number of researchers with his ideas, knowledge and support.

Career
He was born and grew up in Baltimore, MD, where he attended the Johns Hopkins University gaining an AB in 1951, and MD in 1955. He was a medical intern and resident at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York. From 1959 to 1962, he was a National Foundation Research Fellow, working with Bengt Borgström at the University of Lund, Sweden. This was an inspirational time for him and established his lifelong work in lipid digestion and bile acids. After continuing his research at Rockefeller University, New York, in 1966 he moved to the Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. In 1977 he relocated to University of California, San Diego, where he was Professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, with Emeritus status from 2002.

Research
Hofmann reviewed his 50-year research career up to 2009. He made many advances in the chemistry and biology of bile acids, helping understand and treat various liver, biliary and digestive diseases.

His research includes many aspects of lipid digestion and absorption, bile acid evolution, pathobiology, and pathochemistry, bile secretion, cholelithiasis, biliary physiology and pharmacology, and the diagnosis and treatment of various digestive and hepatobiliary diseases. Together with his longtime collaborator, Lee Hagey, he has written a comprehensive history of bile acid research. Making the most of his proximity to the San Diego Zoo, his publications helped define the wide bile acid diversity found in different vertebrates.

His early studies on the role of bile acids in the formation of micelles, the structure of the mixed micelle, and bile acid metabolism in humans, led to pharmacokinetic models of lipid digestion.

He was instrumental in the development and evaluation of the use of bile acid therapy to dissolve cholesterol gallstones, first using chenodeoxycholic acid.

He published fundamental work on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and how disturbances in ileal function such as those found in Crohn's disease can produce chronic diarrhea.

Publications
He has numerous scientific publications dating from 1960 to 2021. His initial publications in 1960 characterized his future research: Exchange of iodine-131-labeled chylomicron protein in vitro in the American Journal of Physiology  and the next (also a sole author publication) was in Nature on Micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides by bile salt solutions.

He published over 500 articles, including original research and many invited contributions and reviews.  His most highly cited publications are on the liver bile salt export pump (over 1100), the first description of gallstone dissolution by bile acid therapy (over 800), on the properties of bile salts (over 700), and the mechanisms whereby bile acids produce secretion in the colon (over 500).  His articles have been widely cited, with an H-index of 111.

Awards and honors
He received many awards recognizing his achievements, including honorary degrees and visiting lectureships.
Distinguished Achievement Award, American Gastroenterological Association, Functions and dysfunctions of bile acids,1970
Sir Arthur Hurst Memorial Lecturer, British Society of Gastroenterology, 1974
Eppinger Prize (Falk Foundation, W. Germany), 1976
Harvey Society Lectureship, 1978
William Beaumont Prize in Gastroenterology of the American Gastroenterological Association, 1979
Honorary Doctorate, University of Bologna, Italy, 1988
Julius M. Friedenwald Medal, American Gastroenterological Association, 1994
Davenport Medal, American Physiological Society, 1996
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London, U.K., 1996
Klatskin Lectureship, Yale University, 1997
Distinguished Achievement Award, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, 1997
Distinguished Alumnus Award, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 2001
Recognition as Distinguished Mentor, Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation, 2004
Herbert Falk Medal, Falk Foundation, 2010.

Influence
Many leading physicians and investigators have cited the benefits of his influence and mentorship. These include Ian Gilmore and Aldo Roda.  Together with Gustav Paumgartner in 1972, he helped establish the biennial series of international meetings on bile acids, sponsored by Dr. Herbert Falk and the Falk Foundation. These have been key in bringing together bile acid researchers and advancing knowledge of their actions and therapeutic value.

He endowed an annual lectureship at the Johns Hopkins University Gastrointestinal Division in 2005 as he was grateful to Hopkins for providing him with the scholarships which allowed him to attend college and medical school. This lecture has become the highpoint of the academic year, inviting a major GI scientist who is a role model as an academic investigator for faculty and fellows. Recipients have included James Boyer, Tachi Yamada, Monty Bissell, Jeff Gordon, and Anna Mae Diehl.

Personal
He lived in La Jolla California and was married for 43 years to the artist Heli Hofmann.  He is survived by two children from his first marriage, Anthea Phillips and Cecilia McKenzie, five grandchildren, and two stepdaughters.  He remained scientifically active into his 90th year, but suffered from multiple system atrophy. He died peacefully at home in La Jolla on September 7, 2021.

References

External links

1931 births
2021 deaths
Physicians from Baltimore
American hepatologists
American gastroenterologists
American physiologists
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni


title: Morgan House (Central, South Carolina)

text:
Morgan House is a historic home located Central, Pickens County, South Carolina.  It was built in 1893 in the Queen Anne, and modified about 1917 with Classical Revival style changes.  It is a -story frame dwelling and features a porch with Doric order columns.  It is associated with the Morgan family, who operated a mercantile retail establishment and founders of the Bank of Central.

The house now serves as the home of the Central History Museum, which is operated by the Central Heritage Society.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

References

External links
 central History Museum - Central Heritage Society

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1893
Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina
Queen Anne architecture in South Carolina
Houses in Pickens County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Pickens County, South Carolina
Central, South Carolina
Museums in Pickens County, South Carolina


title: Almendra Central

text:
The Almendra Central () is a zone of Madrid comprising seven districts: Centro, Arganzuela, Retiro, Salamanca, Chamartín, Tetuán, and Chamberí, (even though, sometimes, the City Council of Madrid includes part of an eighth, Moncloa-Aravaca, specifically the Argüelles yard, all inside the M30 motorway.

Population
In 1975 1,153,730 people lived there, but since the 1990s, population has decreased steadily: in 2000 there were 915,318 inhabitants and in 2011 847,686.

References

Bibliography

 Atlas de la Comunidad de Madrid en el umbral del siglo XXI: imagen socioeconómica de una región receptora de inmigrantes en Google Books
 Recuperar Madrid. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 1982. (Oficina Municipal del Plan).

Geography of Madrid


title: Luntu Luntuni

text:
Luntu Luntuni (Hispanicized spelling Lunto Luntune) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, Palca District, south-west of Palca.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Puno Region


title: Gunsmoke (season 8)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 8 aired in the United States on September 15, 1962, and the final episode aired on June 1, 1963.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 8 of Gunsmoke was the second season of one hour episodes filmed in black-and-white.  Seasons 1-6 were half-hour episodes, and color episodes were not filmed until season 12.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with three other citizens of Dodge City: Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and Chester Goode (Dennis Weaver), Dillon's assistant.  In season eight, a fifth regular character was added to the cast: blacksmith Quint Asper (Burt Reynolds), who remained until the end of season 10.

Cast and characters

Main

 James Arness as Matt Dillon
 Dennis Weaver as Chester
 Milburn Stone as Doc
 Amanda Blake as Kitty
 Burt Reynolds as Quint Asper

Production

Season 8 consisted of 38 one-hour black-and-white episodes produced by Norman Macdonnell and Frank Paris as associate producer.

Season 8 included the first of two episodes directed by William Conrad, who played the role of Matt Dillon on the radio version of Gunsmoke from 1952–1961.  In this season, he directed episode 31, "Panacea Sykes".

Casting
Episode 13, "Us Haggens", is the first episode to feature Ken Curtis as Festus, who would become a regular character in later seasons.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season eight aired Saturdays at 10:00-11:00 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The eighth season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in a two volumes set on May 7, 2013.

Reception
Gunsmoke season 8 dropped to number 10 in the Nielsen ratings

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 8}}
 Gunsmoke season 8 at TV Guide''

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title: Dolly Jones (trumpeter)

text:
Dolly Jones, (born 27 November 1902 – August 1975, Bronx, New York City), also known as Doli Armenra and Dolly Hutchinson, was a jazz trumpet and trombone player. She was the first female jazz trumpeter to be recorded.

Early life, family and education
Jones was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her mother Diyaw (sometimes spelled Diyah or Dyer) Jones was a pre-Armstrong jazz trumpeter who also taught Valaida Snow ("Queen of the Trumpet"). Her father played saxophone. Although her mother taught her how to play trumpet, Jones was otherwise self-taught. She and her mother adopted the surname Armenra (sometimes spelled Armenera or Amenra).

Career
With her mother and father, she was part of the Jones Family Band, which worked with Josephine Baker in 1919. In the early 1920s, she formed a trio, the Three Classy Misses, in Kansas City. Jones then toured as a trombonist in the bands of Ma Rainey in the Grand Theater in Chicago and was cornetist for Al Wynn's OKeh recordings. She toured with Ida Cox in 1928 and with Lil Hardin Armstrong's Harlem Harlicans in the early 1930s. The band performed in the Lafayette Theater and Apollo Theater in New York City and Chicago's Regal Theater. In 1932, she formed her own band, the Twelve Spirits of Rhythm. In New York City, she was part of a 15-member multiracial band, the Disciples of Swing. This band was billed as "seven whites, seven colored, and Dolly".

Jones was the first female trumpet player to record a jazz record. She was involved in two recording sessions: in 1926, Albert Wynn's Gut Bucket Five (including with Barney Bigard) and 1941 in the Stuff Smith Sextet.

She played trumpeter Miss Watkins, "a little girl from Birmingham", in Oscar Michaux's 1936 musical film Swing!. Credited as "Doli Armena", she has no speaking role in the film, but she performs trumpet several times, playing the songs "I May Be Wrong (But I Think You're Wonderful)" and "China Boy". She also appeared as an extra in Michaux's 1938 movie God's Step Children.

She continued to play into the 1970s with Eddie Barefield.

Personal life
She was briefly married to saxophonist Jimmy "Hook" Hutchinson, during which she began to use his last name professionally.

References

External links
 Dolly Jones at Allmusic.com

1902 births
1975 deaths
American jazz trumpeters
American cornetists
20th-century trumpeters
American women jazz musicians
Jazz musicians from Chicago
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American women musicians
Women trumpeters


title: 1822 in Brazil

text:
Events in the year 1822 in Brazil.

Incumbents
King: John VI (until 7 September)
Emperor: Pedro I (starting 12 October)

Events

 Dissolution of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
 Establishment of the Empire of Brazil

January
 9 January: D. Pedro I refuses to heed the order of the Cortes of Lisbon to return to Portugal, initiating the process of Brazilian independence. The date became known as Dia do Fico.
16 January: Dom Pedro I organizes a ministry formed by only Brazilians, under the leadership of José Bonifácio.
19 January: José Bonifácio is appointed as Brazilian chancellor.

February
 19 February: Insurrection for Brazilian independence in Bahia, where nun Joana Angélica is killed.

March
 2 March: The start of the Siege of Salvador, where the newly formed Brazilian army would attempt to capture the city of Salvador in Bahia from its Portuguese defenders.

May
13 May: D. Pedro I is acclaimed Perpetual Defender of Brazil by Freemasonry.

June
14 June: The Minutes of the Council are signed in Santo Amaro, Bahia. It is the first document to officially express the desire for Brazil's independence.

September
 7 September: Brazil declares independence from Portugal.

October
 25 October: D. Pedro cuts relations with Freemasonry and tries to dissolve it.

November
8 November: The Battle of Pirajá. It was the largest engagement in the fight for the independence of Bahia, involving approximately 10,000 troops.

Deaths
 19 February: Joana Angélica, conceptionist nun
 23 December: Frei Galvão, friar of the Franciscan Order

References

1820s in Brazil
Years of the 19th century in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil