title: Martha Daniell Logan

text:
Martha Daniell Logan (29 December 1704 - 28 June 1779) was an early American botanist who was instrumental in seed exchanges between Britain and the North American colonies. She wrote an influential gardening advice column and was a major collector of plants endemic to the Carolinas.

Early life and education
Born in St. Thomas Parish, South Carolina, on 29 December 1704, to a wealthy family. She was the daughter of Robert Daniell and Martha Wainwright. Her father, Robert Daniell, was appointed to two terms as South Carolina's lieutenant governor and was a prominent merchant. Martha Daniell was taught to read and write by a private tutor. After her father's death in 1718, Martha Daniell inherited his property along the Wando River. In 1719, Martha married George Logan, Jr. Over the next sixteen years, she gave birth to eight children, six surviving to adulthood. The Logans moved from their Wandon home to a plantation near Charleston, South Carolina, and began her botanical collections in the nearby woods.

Career
After her husband died in 1742, Martha experienced financial difficulties. In 1742, Martha placed an advertisement in the South Carolina Gazette, offering to board children and teach them to read and write. Her son Robert began to advertise imported seeds, flower roots, and fruit stones, sparking further interest into horticulture. In 1751, Martha wrote a column titled "Gardener's Kalendar" for the South Carolina Gazette.

Though further financial trouble caused her to have to sell her plantation in 1753. Martha moved to Charleston and sold rare seeds and roots and delved more seriously into her studies of botany. She continued to collect plants, seeds, and other botanical materials, and also began to correspond extensively with the royal botanist at the time, John Bartram. Bartram, stationed in Philadelphia, exchanged samples and communicated regularly with Logan.

Logan died in Charleston at the age of 75, on 28 June 1779.

See also
 Timeline of women in science

References

18th-century American botanists
American women botanists
American botanists
1704 births
1779 deaths
South Carolina colonial people
People from Charleston, South Carolina

18th-century American women scientists
American garden writers
American advice columnists
American women columnists
Writers from South Carolina
Scientists from South Carolina


The London Conference on the Illegal Wildlife Trade was an international conference held on 12–13 February 2014 in London. A declaration to protect wildlife was signed by 46 countries and 11 international organizations. The declaration calls for increasing enforcement of laws against poaching, reducing demand for wildlife products, and the "sustainable utilization" of wildlife.

It was held again 11–12 October 2018.

References

External links

International conferences in the United Kingdom
2014 in the United Kingdom
Conferences in London
2014 conferences


title: Sacrifice (2014)

text:
The 2014 Sacrifice was a professional wrestling  pay-per-view (PPV) event that was produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It took place on April 27, 2014 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the ninth event under the Sacrifice chronology and the second event in the TNA 2014 pay-per-view schedule.

Eight matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Eric Young defeated Magnus to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. Other prominent matches included Gunner defeating James Storm in an "I Quit" match, concluding a storyline revolving around Storm's jealousy towards Gunner and attacking his father. In the penultimate match, Bobby Roode defeated Bully Ray in a Tables match. On the undercard, The Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) defeated The BroMans (DJZ, Jessie Godderz and Robbie E) in a 3-on-2 Handicap match to win the TNA World Tag Team Championship, Mr. Anderson defeated Samuel Shaw in a Committed match, Sanada defeated Tigre Uno in the final of their best of three series to retain the X Division Championship, and Angelina Love defeated Madison Rayne to win the Knockouts Championship.

In October 2017, with the launch of the Global Wrestling Network, the event became available to stream on demand. It would later be available on Impact Plus in May 2019.

Storylines
The event featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

On the April 3 episode of Impact Wrestling, Magnus successfully defended the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a fatal-four way bout against Samoa Joe, Eric Young and Abyss. Five days later, TNA Director of Wrestling Operations MVP announced a 10-man gauntlet match that took place on the April 10 episode of Impact Wrestling, where the winner gets a TNA World Heavyweight title shot at Sacrifice. The match was won by Young, who requested to have his shot that same night, and went on to beat Magnus for the title. Magnus would invoke his rematch clause against Young for the title at Sacrifice.

At Lockdown on March 9, Dixie Carter introduced Bully Ray as the special guest referee towards the end of the Lethal Lockdown match. During the bout, he slammed Team Dixie's captain Bobby Roode, allowing Team MVP to win. Afterwards, he powerbombed Roode through a table he introduced during the match. On the March 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, Bully explained he didn't want to wind up working for Roode, who would have been another Dixie Carter had he won. The following week, Bully was supposed to have a meeting with Carter but Roode attacked him from behind and beat him down. On the March 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, both men engaged in a brawl where both tried to put each other through a table. The following week, Roode and Ethan Carter III were victorious against Willow and Bully, after putting the latter through a table. Afterwards, Roode and EC3 put him through another two tables. On the April 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, after both men failed in winning a 10-man gauntlet match for a shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, Dixie made her return and berated Bully for screwing her team over. Bully and Roode are set to face each other in a tables match at Sacrifice.

On the March 6 episode of Impact Wrestling, Ethan Carter III took out Kurt Angle by severely damaging his knees, preventing him from competing at Lockdown. The following week, Jeff Hardy's alter ego Willow, seeking revenge on Rockstar Spud and EC3 after costing him the world title at Final Resolution, made his debut against Spud and got himself disqualified, later beating him with an umbrella, stomped his leg wrapped in a chair, and jumped off a ladder to splash him. On the March 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, Bobby Lashley and EC3 had a rematch that ended in a no contest after interference from Willow, attacking the latter and doing the same onto him. The following week, EC3 and Spud went to the woods looking for Willow, only for him to ambush them. On the April 10 episode of Impact Wrestling, Spud distracted Willow during the 10-man gauntlet match, allowing EC3 to eliminate him. Willow challenged them in a handicap match the following week, which he won. After the match, Angle made his return, vowing revenge. On the April 24 episode of Impact Wrestling, after Kurt defeated Spud in a match, EC3 attacked Angle but Willow made the save.

Angelina Love made her return to TNA on the March 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, calling out Velvet Sky for wanting to reunite The Beautiful People. Sky would later accept Love's offer the following week, while Knockouts Champion Madison Rayne declined due to Love's attitude towards her. Later in the show, Love attacked Rayne after the two hugged, establishing herself as a heel in the process. On the March 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Love defeated Rayne in her return match due to interference from Sky, officially reuniting the original incarnation of the stable. The Beautiful People made their in-ring return the following week, defeating Rayne and Brittany after pinning the latter following the Makeover. On the April 10 episode, Love defeated ODB, Gail Kim and Brittany in a four-way match to become the number one contender to the Knockouts title, facing Rayne for the belt at Sacrifice.

At Lockdown, Gunner defeated James Storm in a steel cage Last Man Standing match. On the March 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, after Storm berated Gunner's father, Gunner attacked Storm, but he managed to handcuff him to the middle rope and threatened his father at ringside. Storm walked away, but returned to smash a beer bottle over the head of Gunner's father. The following week, both men fought in a no disqualification, no countout match where Gunner was victorious. On the April 10 episode of Impact Wrestling, both men failed in winning a 10-man gauntlet match for a shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. The following week, Bobby Roode issued an open challenge for a tables match which was answered by Gunner, but Roode got the win with help from Storm. Afterwards, Storm and Roode beat down Gunner until Bully Ray made the save. Storm and Gunner challenged each other in an "I Quit" match at Sacrifice.

Fresh off his victory at Lockdown, after escaping the cage following the use of Christy Hemme as a distraction by pulling her through the camera cut-out of the steel cage, Samuel Shaw lost a street fight rematch against Mr. Anderson the following week, bringing a mannequin dressed as Hemme to the ring. On the April 3 episode of Impact Wrestling, Shaw defeated Anderson in a Straitjacket match after rendering him unconscious following two kata gatame attempts. The following week, Hemme and Anderson attempted to have Shaw committed, but he escaped. On the April 24 episode of Impact Wrestling, Anderson visits Shaw's family home and meets his mother named "Christy", who informs him that he still lives with her in the basement. After looking at Shaw's childhood bedroom, he arrives and brawls with Anderson as the cameraman escapes, coming across Shaw's mom complaining about the noise as Shaw appears and hugs his mother before the cameraman leaves.

New TNA acquisitions Tigre Uno and Sanada were put against each other in a best of three series for Sanada's X Division Championship. Sanada won the first match on the April 10 episode of Impact Wrestling, and on the following week Uno won the second match. At Sacrifice, the rubber match of the series was set, with the X Division title on the line.

On February 23, at a TNA house show in Morgantown, West Virginia, The Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) defeated The BroMans (Robbie E and Jessie Godderz) for the TNA World Tag Team Championship, only to lose them the following week back to the BroMans during Wrestle-1's Kaisen: Outbreak event on March 2. Since then, the Wolves have had numerous rematches for the titles on Impact Wrestling, with the BroMans either using excuses to avoid defending the belts, having the third member of the team DJZ fill in for defenses, or by getting blatantly disqualified. At Sacrifice, all three BroMans will defend the titles against the Wolves in a three-on-two handicap match.

Event

Preliminary matches

The opening match of the event was The Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) versus The BroMans (DJZ, Jessie Godderz and Robbie E) in a three-on-two handicap match for the TNA World Tag Team Championship. Before the match began, Edwards cut a promo on how The BroMans always manage to keep their titles by disqualification, but said tonight was going to be different. He gave Christy Hemme a note that read, by order of MVP, the match will now fall under No DQ rules. The Wolves start the match by sending DJZ to the floor, as well as Robbie and Jessie with stereo hurricanranas. They dump them over the top to the floor, toss DJZ onto them and hit all three BroMans with suicide dives at ringside. The BroMans get the advantage after DJZ hits Edwards with a laptop and Jessie drops Richards on the barricade, continuing their assault on the former in the ring. Edwards gives Jessie a back suplex and attempts to tag in Richards, but DJZ pulls him from the ring apron, and The BroMans regain control by triple teaming the former on the outside. After hitting Robbie and Jessie with a double hurricanrana and a kick to DJZ's head, Edwards tags in Richards who gives all three of them kicks and clotheslines, and goes up top to hit a double missile dropkick on Jessie and DJZ. After DJZ hits Jessie with the laptop by accident and gets taken out himself, The Wolves hit Robbie with a powerbomb-double knee backbreaker combination and deliver double stomps from the top onto Jessie, pinning him to win the tag titles for the second time.

Next, a Committed match was contested between Mr. Anderson and Samuel Shaw, where the objective is to incapacitate your opponent and put him in the padded wagon. After taking turns getting in and out of the ring, Shaw grabs Hemme and shoves her into Anderson, who brushes her aside and attacks Shaw on the outside. Anderson brings Shaw back into the ring to give him a back body drop and clothesline him to the floor, only for Shaw to hit Anderson on the ring apron. Shaw misses an attack and hits the outside, leaving him open to ringside attacks by Anderson, who then gets thrown to the steel steps by Shaw. After applying a modified triangle choke on Anderson, he goes after Hemme in the ring who slaps him, allowing Anderson to hit Shaw with a series of clotheslines and a swinging neckbreaker. On the outside, Anderson slams Shaw on the barricade, and delivers a rolling senton splash to him on the ramp. Anderson uses a steel chair to hit Shaw, throws him into a barricade, and they go to the back to have Jeremy Borash interview them, with Anderson mimicking Shaw's voice. After slamming Shaw on a cart and pushing it towards some production boxes backstage, Anderson checks on the padded wagon but gets attacked from behind by Shaw. Hemme appears and knees Shaw in the groin, leaving him open for a "Mic Check" by Anderson, who then throws him into the wagon and closes the doors to win the match.

The third match involved the team of Kurt Angle and Willow against the team of Ethan Carter III and Rockstar Spud. EC3 tags in Spud to avoid Angle, who threatens to send him back to England if he doesn't tag out. EC3 is tagged back in but exits the ring, leaving Angle to drop to his knees and give EC3 a chance, who falls for it and gets trapped in an ankle lock. EC3 immediately tags Spud to escape but the latter joins him on the outside, leaving them open to an attack by Willow from up top. Angle goes after EC3 and hits an overhead belly-to-belly suplex, but gets thrown to steel steps afterwards. Willow confronts Spud in the ring, gets double attacked by him and EC3, but fights back with a "Whisper in the Wind" onto both of them. Willow attempts the "Twist of Fate" on Spud, but EC3 clotheslines him and tags back in to continue the beat down. Angle gets back in the ring and delivers three German suplexes on EC3 and applies the "Ankle Lock", but gets jumped by Spud who he takes out with an overhead belly-to-belly and applies the lock on him as well. EC3 attacks Angle with a chop block but then gets hit by Willow, who uses Spud to hit "Poetry in Motion" and throw him out of the ring. Willow and Angle hit Spud with the "Twist of Fate" and "Angle Slam", before finishing him with a "Swanton Bomb" to win the match.

The fourth match saw Sanada against Tigre Uno in the last of their best of three series for the X Division Championship. After going back-and-forth with counters onto each other, Sanada hits Uno with a hurricanrana. Uno attempts to suplex Sanada into the ring, but gets countered into an abdominal stretch, gets cradle rolled all over the ring, and kicks out at two. Uno hits Sanada with a tilt-a-whirl arm drag that transitions into a cover, but only gets two, leading him to kick Sanada's head for another two count. Sanada escapes the armbar submission by Uno, and applies a dragon sleeper on him which he escapes, but manages to hit a dropkick as he jumps off the top rope. Uno escapes a Tiger suplex attempt by Sanada, takes him off the apron with a springboard dropkick, and hits a twisting flip dive on the outside. Back in the ring, Sanada lands some rights onto Uno who answers with an enzuigiri, but counters a split-legged moonsault by lifting his knees. After hitting two springboard chops onto Uno, Sanada attempts a third one but misses, and gets caught in a release German suplex to the corner, but manages to kick out at two. Uno gets tripped up on the top rope by Sanada who hits a hurricanrana, followed by a Tiger suplex that only gets him a two count. Sanada misses the moonsault but lands on his feet, and attempts another Tiger suplex on Uno who counters it into a roll up for two. Uno hits Sanada with a high cradle into a DDT, but misses the "Sabertooth Splash", allowing Sanada to hit the moonsault and pin him to retain the title. The two shake hands after the match.

Next was an "I Quit" match between Gunner and James Storm. The two trade right hands to each other, Gunner landing a jumping clothesline and some more rights, but Storm fights back with a clothesline that sends Gunner to the outside. After smacking Storm's head on the steps, Gunner jumps off of them to deliver a clothesline, throws him in the ring and fills it with weapons. Storm catches Gunner in the ropes and hits him with a hangman's cutter, the latter refusing to quit. Storm attempts to make Gunner submit by choking him near the ropes, and hitting him with steel chairs and a cookie sheet, but he remains defiant. Gunner comes back with a high knee to Storm and the two exchange trash can lid shots, the former taking Storm out with a trash can before him hitting a diving headbutt, but he refuses to quit. Storm avoids Gunner's charge and hits the ring post, and knocks him out with a kick to the head and a hangman's DDT to the steps. Back in the ring, Storm brings a beer bottle and hits Gunner over the head, busting him open. Gunner refuses to quit after Storm applies a Boston crab and repeated whips to the back with the referee's belt, gets knocked out with the "Last Call", and says "never" to the referee. Gunner fights back after being smashed into the turnbuckles, hitting Storm with the "Hangar 18" three times, and giving him a superplex on the guard railing. Storm quits after Gunner drives a glass shard into his head.

The sixth match saw Madison Rayne defend the Knockouts Championship against Angelina Love (with Velvet Sky). Rayne gets the early advantage with a shoulder block and some arm drags that forces Love to exit the ring. Love gets a side headlock and shoulder block on Rayne, but gets tripped up and leaves the ring, only to get hit by a baseball slide immediately afterwards. Rayne hits the apron after a blocked kick attempt, and Love distracts the referee for Sky to drag her back into the ring, but only gets a two count. Love delivers rights to Rayne and turns the referee's attention to her as Sky chokes Rayne in the ropes, but then gets back elbowed and put into a sunset flip that she kicks out of at two. Love regains control with a clothesline and hits a dropkick on Rayne that sends her to the outside, distracting the referee again to allow Sky to get some stomps before sending her back in the ring, but only gets another two count. Rayne escapes Love's leg-assisted full nelson and hits multiple clotheslines and an enzuigiri, before trapping her in the "Scissor Stomp". Love rolls out of the ring with Sky attempting to help her, but both of them get hit by Rayne with a dive off the apron. After delivering the "Rayne Drop", Rayne charges at Love but hits the ring post, leaving her open for the "Botox Injection" that she kicks out of at two. Love misses the top-rope crossbody and gets hit with a spear, but Sky distracts the referee by shaking her ass and pushing him aside to blind Rayne with hairspray, allowing Love to roll her up and win the title for the sixth time.

The seventh and final match on the undercard saw Bobby Roode take on Bully Ray in a tables match. Ray gets the early advantage with a back body drop, some clotheslines and a side slam, setting up a table at ringside afterwards. Roode beats on Ray but gets thrown into the ring post, the latter setting up a second table before being clotheslined. Back in the ring, Roode sets up a table in the corner and escapes a powerslam attempt by Ray, hitting a dropkick and clothesline to the opposite corner. Roode hits a neckbreaker and resets the table on the mat, he and Ray counter each other's suplex attempts to the table, with Roode getting slammed away from it. Ray attempts an uranage and two powerbombs on Roode, gets the third one through the table, but the referee is knocked out during that sequence. Ray brings another table into the ring, gets hit with a spinebuster by Roode, but catches him with the "Bully Cutter" as he jumps from the middle rope. Ray places Roode over the two tables outside the ring, climbs up top to splash on him, but gets pushed by someone and goes through the tables. After the bell rings, the person is revealed to be Dixie Carter in disguise, who tells Ray to never double cross her again.

Main event
In the main event, Eric Young defended the TNA World Heavyweight Championship against Magnus. The two lock up and go into the corner, Young avoids Magnus' attacks and walks over his back. They trade side headlocks with one another, Magnus escaping Young's with a back suplex for two. Young sends Magnus to the outside, the latter turns to the ramp to avoid a suicide dive, but gets taken out with a slingshot cross body. Magnus catches Young jumping from the apron with a powerslam, but only gets a two count. Young gives Magnus a northern lights suplex for two, gets taken out himself with a clothesline and kicks out, but gets a knee into the gut. Magnus applies a camel clutch onto Young, who crotches him by lifting his knees, and both men hit double cross bodies and clotheslines on each other. Both men stand up and trade blows with each other, Young takes out Magnus with a flying forearm and clothesline, looks for the piledriver but the latter escapes and gets hit with a belly-to-belly suplex instead. Magnus avoids a moonsault and slams Young, hits him with a flying elbow drop, but only gets a two count. Young catches Magnus with a wheelbarrow into a neckbreaker, hits a top-rope elbow of his own, but Magnus kicks out at two. Young attempts the piledriver but gets caught in the "King's Lynn Cloverleaf", managing to reach the ropes and apply a sharpshooter on Magnus, who also gets to the ropes to break the hold. Magnus catches Young on the top-rope and hits him with the Michinoku Driver, but gets a two count instead. The referee catches Magnus bringing a crowbar into the ring, who then attempts to low blow Young but gets hit with the piledriver, kicking out at two. Magnus attempts his own piledriver but gets slingshot into the turnbuckle, allowing Young to hit a second piledriver and flying elbow, pinning him to retain his title.

Reception
Sacrifice was met with mixed to positive reviews. Nolan Howell of Slam! Wrestling rated the event a 2.25 out of 5 stars. His star ratings for each match are as follows: 2.5 for the BroMans-Wolves, 0.75 for Anderson-Shaw, 2 for Spud-EC3 and Angle-Willow, 3.5 for Sanada-Uno, 3 for Storm-Gunner, 1.5 for Love-Rayne, 0 for Roode-Ray and lastly 3.25 for the main event.

Larry Csonka of 411Mania rated the matches out of five stars in his report of the show. The highest-rated bout was the main event receiving 3 3/4 stars with Csonka writing: "How absolutely refreshing, a one on one world title match that is filled with good pro wrestling and no bullshit." He gave the TNA World Tag Team Championship match 3 1/4 stars, calling it a "Good and fast paced opener and the title change came at the right time." He gave the Willow-Angle versus EC3-Spud tag team bout 2 stars. The X Division Championship match received 2 1/2 stars with Csonka calling it "a bit sloppy and disconnected at times." The I Quit match garnered 3 1/2 stars with Csonka giving credit to both wrestlers' continued improvement but felt it lacked the crowd reaction from their Lockdown match. Csonka commended both performers in the Tables match but only gave it 2 1/2 stars, criticizing the finish for taking away their hard work. The lowest-rated match on the card were the Committed and Knockout Championship matches, each rated 1 1/2 stars.

Brian Mazique of Bleacher Report gave the show an overall B− grade. He gave the TNA World Heavyweight Championship match an A− grade, praising both wrestlers for their performances, but couldn't remove the similarities that Young's storyline has with Daniel Bryan's. Mazique clarified: "It wasn't a bad main event, if you can get beyond the less-than-original packaging of the victor." Both the X Division Championship and I Quit bouts received an A grade with Mazique writing that the former had "awesomely executed sequences" and the latter resembled "an old-school ECW match." He gave the Tables bout a B grade, feeling disappointed with the finish to a "pretty solid match" and the continued direction of the angle moving forward. Mazique gave both the Committed and Willow-Angle versus EC3-Spud tag team matches a C grade, saying they had little crowd interest during their respective bouts. The lowest-rated match on the card was the Knockouts Championship bout getting a C− grade with Mazique commenting that "this was like a WWE Divas match." He concluded that: "This was a decent show that hardcore TNA fans likely had a love-hate relationship with. There were elements that remind you of what you love about the promotion, and some that likely cause frustration."

Former WWE commentator Jim Ross was critical of the crowd being "embarrassingly quiet" and giving "little to no motivation" towards the performers during the event. He commented about the same crowd that also attend the Impact tapings, saying if their not reacting on the TV show as well as on pay-per-view, then it makes the show "sound uninspired and not 'must see' TV."

Aftermath

On the May 1 episode of Impact Wrestling, MVP conducted a #1 Contenders Tournament to determine who will challenge Eric Young for his TNA World Heavyweight Championship, later in the show. Bobby Roode got a bye to the finals, and Gunner won his match against Mr. Anderson after interference from James Storm. In the finals, Roode defeated Gunner to become the #1 contender to Young's world title. In the main event, Young beat Roode after hitting a flying elbow drop to retain his title. The following week, Young and Roode agreed to have a rematch against each other for the title but MVP cancelled it, and informed Young that he will announce his next opponent for Slammiversary later in the show. MVP met with Young in the ring, punched him in the face and beat him down, saying he will see him at the pay-per-view.

Angelina Love went on to feud with Gail Kim, attacking each other on multiple occasions. On the June 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim defeated Brittany and Madison Rayne to become the number one contender for Love's championship, setting up a title match at Slammiversary.

On the May 1 episode of Impact Wrestling, James Storm attempted to cost Gunner a TNA World Title shot during his match against Mr. Anderson, but ended up hitting the latter instead. Later that night, Anderson confronted Storm after his match against Willow, hitting the former with a "Mic Check" as he charged at him. The two would meet in a match on the May 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, with Storm getting the victory after spitting beer into Anderson's face and hitting the "Last Call". The following week, Anderson and Storm meet at a bar for a drinking contest, with the former acting drunk by only consuming fake beer. On the June 5 episode of Impact Wrestling, Anderson mocks him by wearing a cowboy outfit and acting drunk, leading Storm to knock Anderson out and challenge him at Slammiversary.

Samuel Shaw would not be seen until the May 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, where he was visited by Gunner at the psychiatric facility. Gunner spent weeks trying to help Shaw by telling a story about a Marine friend he knew that was also committed, played Go Fish and looked at his drawings. On the June 26 episode of Impact Wrestling, Gunner was able to release Shaw from the facility under his supervision.

Results

See also

 2014 in professional wrestling

References

External links
Impact Wrestling.com
tnasacrifice.com

2014 in professional wrestling in Florida
2014 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling pay-per-view events
April 2014 events in the United States
Events in Orlando, Florida
Impact Wrestling Sacrifice
Professional wrestling in Orlando, Florida


title: Gene Autry's Melody Ranch

text:
Gene Autry's Melody Ranch is a Western variety radio show in the United States. A 15-minute pilot show aired on December 31, 1939. The program ran from January 7, 1940 to August 1, 1943, and from September 23, 1945 to May 16, 1956. The show's entire run was broadcast over the CBS radio network, sponsored by Doublemint gum. The approximately two-year interruption resulted from Autry's enlistment in the United States Army to serve in World War II. Initially titled Doublemint's Melody Ranch, the show's name was changed to Gene Autry's Melody Ranch in early 1941. Episodes were 30 minutes long except for a 15-minute version that ran from September 23, 1945 to June 16, 1946. The theme song was "Back in the Saddle Again".

In its early years the show was broadcast live before a studio audience from the CBS Columbia Square KNX Playhouse at Sunset and Gower in Hollywood and preserved on acetate disc. Later on it was taped prior to airtime, usually at KNX. When on tour, the show would originate through the facilities of local CBS affiliate stations. Sometimes it took place at a special event. In 1951 the program had an 8:00 p.m., Saturday night, 30 minute time slot. The show for August 11, 1951 originated from the Illinois State Fairgrounds at Springfield, Illinois. The guests were Governor of Illinois Adlai E. Stevenson II and 12-year-old 4-H Club member Shelby Jean Thomas of Kilbourne, Illinois.

Background
The William Wrigley Jr. Company selected Autry's program for sponsorship after hearing an audition episode. The show replaced Gateway to Hollywood, which the company had sponsored. An item in the January 1, 1940, issue of Broadcasting magazine reported that the program "will feature Gene Autry, singing cowboy, and dramatics" and that it would be carried on 67 CBS stations.

Format
Centering on the talent and popularity of the star, singing cowboy Gene Autry, each episode of the program "consisted of a Western adventure interspersed with interludes of music." John Dunning, in his reference book, Tune in Yesterday, summarized the format as follows: His own show changed little over the years. It featured a slightly sophisticated version of his 1929 act—Autry stories and songs, projected in a campfire atmosphere. Autry told his listeners that his broadcasts were coming directly from his home, Melody Ranch, in the San Fernando Mountains. He surrounded himself with a cast of regular foot-stompers ... The music was decidedly Western, with heavy accordion emphasis. There was usually one "Cowboy Classic" by Autry. [Pat] Buttram's acts were inserted for comic relief and consisted mainly of back-and-forth banter with Autry ... The highlight of each show, at least for the juvenile listeners, came when Autry told a 10- to 15-minute story, fully dramatized, of some recent adventure.
An article in Movie-Radio Guide in 1941 gave a couple of examples of plots used on the show: "Sometimes they're initiating an eastern tenderfoot visiting the ranch; sometimes they're saving the school teacher and her children trapped in a ring of fire."
Two episodes of the program featured notable variations from the standard format. One involved the changing of the name of Berwyn, Oklahoma, to Gene Autry, Oklahoma. From there, on November 16, 1941, the Melody Ranch program aired as a part of the name-changing ceremony. An Oklahoma Gazette article from September 3, 2009, included the following information:He is also the namesake of an Oklahoma town, population 99.
Born in Texas, Autry was raised north of the Red River near Ravia after his parents moved there in the 1920s. Autry's Flying A Ranch, where the famous cowboy kept his rodeo stock, was located adjacent to the town that was, at the time, known as Berwyn. In honor of the presence of cowboy royalty in its midst, the town was renamed Gene Autry in 1941.

To mark the occasion, Autry broadcast his Gene Autry's Melody Ranch radio show from the Flying A, and more than 35,000 people turned out for the festivities, which included Autry parading through the town atop a flatbed car. At the time, the population of the newly re-christened town was around 300 people, according to Mary Schutz, director of programs and publicity at the Gene Autry Oklahoma Museum there.

Three weeks later, on Sunday, December 7, 1941, from the CBS KNX Playhouse, Studio C, in Hollywood, the live broadcast of the Melody Ranch program was delayed for a 15-minute news update regarding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which had commenced some six hours earlier in the morning at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time. Probably not yet aware of the attack, everyone in the KNX studio was stunned. Somehow they managed to get through a shortened program after the cue was finally given to begin.

On December 21, 1941, a 45-minute Melody Ranch Christmas Special aired from the KNX Playhouse in Hollywood. The 45 minute format continued on into 1942 with a second drama added as the theme of the program quickly changed to support the war effort. The second drama was often about a historic U.S. Cavalry battle with the Indians or a similar historic event. The songs were a mix of Western and patriotic selections.

The other notable episode came July 26, 1942, when Autry took his oath of office to join the United States Army Air Forces during that day's broadcast of the Melody Ranch program which originated from the CBS WBBM Playhouse, Studio 10, in Chicago. There, at 4:02 minutes into the program, we hear Virginia Vass sing "Idaho". She was a regular vocalist on the Melody Ranch show at the time. In mid 2009, at the age of 93, Virginia recalled Gene Autry and his Melody Ranch show in an Out of the Past interview by Chuck Langdon and Lee Shephard.

The most significant change in the program was to come after Gene Autry's induction into the U.S. Army Air Forces. While the format remained the same it was the theme that was modified. The name of the show was changed to Sergeant Gene Autry retaining its same CBS timeslot. The show began to include Army Air Forces songs and the drama became Army Air Forces oriented as well. At first still originating at or through KNX in Los Angeles and WBBM in Chicago, soon the show began originating from various Army Air Forces bases through local CBS stations, often from one of Luke Field's facilities through CBS affiliate KOY in Phoenix as well as from various air fields in Texas and elsewhere. Personnel changed in the process using those then in the U.S. Army Air Forces. The members of the trio were now Eddie Dean, Jimmie Dean (brother of Eddie), and Dick Reinhart. Carl Cotner was also in the service and was still involved with the program. The program now included much talk about and interviews of Army Air Forces personnel and songs such as "Private Buckaroo", "Army Air Corps Song", and "I'll Trade My Horse and Saddle for a Pair of Wings". There was also still a cowboy song or two included as well as a Western Classic.

The program was introduced by Wrigley and at the end of the show handed back to Wrigley at KNX in Hollywood so they could do their gum commercials even though Doublemint gum was no longer available due to the government's rationing of sugar. The announcer would advise the audience that the program was not an endorsement of the Wrigley product by the U.S. Army Air Forces. In early August 1943, Gene Autry was transferred to the Air Transport Command. The last Sergeant Gene Autry Show aired August 1, 1943 from the Luke Field Recreation Hall near Phoenix. The program was replaced with a new Wrigley series, America in the Air, which premiered on August 8, 1943, featuring dramas portraying war-front events, and ran until the Autry series returned.

With World War II having ended, Gene Autry's Melody Ranch returned to the airwaves on September 23, 1945 as a 15-minute program, going to a 30-minute format on July 16, 1946. The Pinafores, joined the show in September 1945 followed by the Cass County Boys in November 1945. In 1953, the King Sisters, as the Gene Autry Blue Jeans, replaced the Pinafores. Eventually Wrigley cut back on the budget and the orchestra's violin section was replaced by an organ. Alvino Rey came on board about the same time. In late 1955 or early 1956 the Melody Ranch program was reduced to 25 minutes to make room for a five-minute news update. Carl Cotner, the Cass County Boys, Johnny Bond, Pat Buttram, and announcer Charlie Lyon continued to the end. The contract with Wrigley called for a new Melody Ranch episode each week. Occasionally it was necessary to substitute a previously aired transcribed episode and Wrigley made it known that this was unacceptable. When this happened again on May 6, 1956 Wrigley cancelled. A tribute program followed a week later on May 13, 1956 hosted by Pat Buttram and Charles Lyon.

Reissues
In 1973, American Radio Programs reissued episodes of the program for use by radio stations. An item in Broadcasting reported, "Original transcriptions of the weekly half-hour show [were] reproduced on tape for syndication ..."

Beginning in the late 1990s, in cooperation with the Autry Qualified Trust and The Autry Foundation, Gene Autry's movies were fully restored and issued on DVDs by Image Entertainment as the Gene Autry Collection series. Offered through the Autry Museum of the American West, the DVD for each film includes excerpts from or else a complete Melody Ranch radio show. Typically the audio and video quality is excellent.

For example, the Gaucho Serenade DVD includes excerpts from the Melody Ranch show of June 2, 1940, location not stated, - Opening Theme: "Back in the Saddle Again", "Keep Rollin' Lazy Longhorns" (from Gaucho Serenade) by Autry, "Old Buckaroo, Goodbye" by Autry, Drama: "Ruckus in Moosehead", "I Only Want a Buddy, Not a Sweetheart" by Autry, Closing Theme: "Back in the Saddle Again". Also included are Doublemint gum pitches. Unfortunately three selections are left out - "Apple Blossoms and Chapel Bells" by Miss Nancy, "I Like Mountain Music" by Autry and Shorty Long, and "The Little Old Church in the Valley" by Autry and the Texas Rangers. Carefully edited, one does not suspect that the issue on DVD is not the complete show without comparing to the contents of the original show which information is not readily available.

In another example, the Ridin' on a Rainbow DVD, the complete show of March 23, 1941 from the CBS KNX Playhouse in Hollywood is included - Opening Theme: "Sing Me a Song of the Saddle", "Wonder Valley" by Autry, "Me and My Burro" by Jimmy Wakely Trio, "My Little Cow Pony" by Mary Lee, Drama: "Crazy Sanders at Demon Lake", "You Tell Me Your Dream, I'll Tell You Mine" by Autry, Closing Theme: "Sing Me a Song of the Saddle", plus the Doublemint gum pitches.

Personnel

In addition to Autry, over the years people involved in the program included:

Cast
 Dorothy Ellers as Miss Nancy Mason - vocals (January 1940 - September 1940)
 Horace Murphy as Shorty Long - comedy (February 1940 - February 1943)
 Frank Nelson as Reno (May 1940 - October 1940)
 Mary Lee Wooters - vocals (September 1940 - March 1941)
 Johnny Bond - comedy, vocals (November 1940 - May 1956)
 Ella Sutton - vocals (May 1941 - December 1941)
 Virginia Vass - vocals (January 1942 - August 1942)
 Eddie Dean - vocals (April 1942 - April 1943)
 Nora Lou - vocals (August 1942)
 Colleen Summers (Mary Ford) - violin, vocals (July 1946 - November 1946)
 Smiley Burnette - comedy, vocals (July 1946 - March 1947)
 Pat Buttram - comedy (May 1948 - May 1956)
 Sara Berner as Chiquita - comedy (April 1949 - October 1949)
 Ruby Dandridge as Raindrop - comedy (August 1949 - April 1951)
 Norma Zimmer - vocal accompaniment
 Jim Boles - character actor
 Jerry Hausner - character actor
 Harry Lang - character actor
 Jack Mather - character actor
 Tyler McVey - character actor

Vocal groups
 Jimmy Wakely and the Rough Riders (Jimmy Wakely, Johnny Bond, and Dick Reinhart) (November 1940)
 The Jimmy Wakely Trio (Jimmy Wakely, Johnny Bond, and Dick Reinhart) (December 1940 - July 1941)
 The Pinafores (Eunice, Beulah, and Ione Kettle) (September 1945 - January 1953)
 The Cass County Boys (Jerry Scoggins, Bert Dodson, and Fred Martin) (November 1945 - May 1956)
 The King Sisters (Alyce, Marilyn, and Yvonne) as the Gene Autry Blue Jeans (1953 - 1956)

Musicians
 Frankie Marvin - steel guitar (December 1939 - 1955)
 Carl Cotner - violin
 Johnny Bond - acoustic guitar
 Merle Travis - guitar
 Jerry Scoggins - guitar
 Bert Dodson - bass
 Fred Martin - accordion
 Colleen Summers (Mary Ford) - violin, vocals (July 1946 - November 1946)
 Alvino Rey - electric guitar (1953 - 1956)

Orchestra
 Lou Bring - music director, orchestra leader (1940 - 1945)
 Paul Sells' Orchestra (1942 - 1946)
 Johnny Marvin - orchestra leader (d. 20 Dec 1944)
 Carl Cotner - music director, arranger, orchestra leader
 Carl Cotner's Orchestra (1947 - )
 Carl Cotner's Melody Ranch Hard-Way-Six with Alvino Rey

Announcers
 Ken Ellington (pilot show)
 Wendell Niles (January 1940 - )
 Tom Hanlon
 Lou Crosby(September 1945 - June 1948)
 John Jacobs (June 1948 - August 1948)
 Perry Ward (September 1948 - October 1948)
 Charles Lyon (February 1949 - May 1956)

Producers
 Tony Stanford ( - May 1941)
 Bradford Browne (May 1941 - )
 Bill Burch (July 1946 - )

Melody Ranch television show
In September 1964, the television version of Gene Autry's Melody Ranch debuted on his Los Angeles television station, KTLA channel 5. The weekly 60-minute Melody Ranch program aired in color Saturday evenings and continued through the years into 1973 with summer reruns beginning in 1971. The cast included Carl Cotner, Johnny Bond, and Billy Mize sharing host duties, plus vocalists Cathie Taylor and Joan De Ville, the Jack Halloran Singers, and Carl Cotner's band. Gene Autry, by then retired as an entertainer, made only a few rare appearances on the program which featured many well known established and upcoming country music guest artists along with occasional Western guests including Rex Allen, Tex Ritter, Jimmy Wakely, and the Sons of the Pioneers.

Related pages
Gene Autry / Melody Ranch - Gene Autry's Melody Ranch in Placerita Canyon near Newhall, California
Melody Ranch - 1940 Republic Pictures film with Gene Autry, Jimmy Durante, Ann Miller, Gabby Hayes, and Mary Lee
The Gene Autry Show - CBS television series (1950-1956)

See also
Death Valley Days
Hopalong Cassidy
The Roy Rogers Show

Notes

References

External links
 58 episodes of Gene Autry's Melody Ranch and 12 episodes of the AFRS program Melody Roundup are available for streaming from https://archive.org/.
 Broadcasting periodicals are available at http://www.americanradiohistory.com/index.htm.

American variety radio programs
American country music radio programs
Western (genre) radio series
1940 radio programme debuts
1956 radio programme endings
1940s American radio programs
1950s American radio programs
CBS Radio programs
Gene Autry


title: Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay

text:
The women's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 2001 Summer Universiade was held at the Workers Stadium in Beijing, China on 1 September.

Results

References

Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade
2001


title: Vicki Been

text:
Vicki L. Been is an American lawyer, public servant, and professor who served as the Deputy Mayor of New York City for Housing and Economic Development from April 2019 to December 2021. She previously served as commissioner of the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development. She is a law professor at the New York University School of Law and has served as director of the Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy.

Early life and education
Been was born and raised in Naturita, Colorado, a mining and ranching town. She graduated from Colorado State University, after paying her entrance fees partially with a scholarship she won in a cooking competition. After working for Consumers Union, she received a J.D. degree from the New York University School of Law, where she was a Root-Tilden scholar.  Upon graduation, she clerked for judge Edward Weinfeld of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Then she clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Harry Blackmun from 1984 to 1985. During her clerkship, she met her husband, Richard Revesz, who was clerking for Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall.

Academic career and scholarship
After working for the Iran-Contra investigation and as an associate at Debevoise & Plimpton, Been began her academic career in 1988, joining the faculty of Rutgers-Newark School of Law, as an assistant professor.  In 1990, she moved to NYU Law School. She achieved tenure in 1994 and currently serves as the Boxer Family professor of law. In 2004, she was named director of the Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy.

Been's scholarly interests include property law, land use, and housing law. She began her academic career as one of the first law professors to address the area of environmental justice, focusing on equity considerations of the siting of undesirable land uses.  She later turned her focus to the study of takings and eminent domain, writing articles on Supreme Court cases Palazzolo v. Rhode Island and Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council.  As Director of the Furman Center, she has written extensively on New York City housing issues, publishing an annual State of New York City's Housing and Neighborhoods.  She has also written on impact fees, foreclosures, community benefits agreements, parking requirements, inclusionary zoning, second liens, and assessing the impact of Superstorm Sandy on New York City neighborhoods.  For her scholarship in the field of property law, Been was awarded the Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Prize at the eighteenth annual Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference.

In 2008, she was named an affiliated professor of public policy at NYU's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service.

She is a member of the American Law Institute.

Public service career
Been has served on the boards of the Municipal Art Society, Next City, the Center for New York City Neighborhoods, and the Pratt Center for Community Development.

Housing Preservation and Development commissioner
On February 8, 2014, New York mayor Bill de Blasio announced that Been would serve as the next commissioner of the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development. She succeeded RuthAnne Visnaukas in that role.

During Been's tenure, she undertook several initiatives to increase affordable housing in the city. In February 2016, Been defended a zoning proposal to allow taller buildings in exchange for more affordable housing units. In March 2016, Been gave a speech promoting her plan to foster development in East New York. A March 2016 report found growing demand for affordable housing, and Been explained the city's policy was to encourage developers to build more housing units. In May 2016, her office stated it received 2.5 million applications for 2,600 affordable apartments in the city program. In October 2016, she promoted the city's update of the Lambert Houses in the Bronx. In November 2016, her office initiated enforcement action seeking to make city landlords of affordable housing "play by the rules" or risk losing valuable tax exemptions.

On January 17, 2017, she announced she would step down as commissioner and return to teaching full time at New York University. Her departure came amidst resignations by other aides in the city administration.

Deputy Mayor
On April 4, 2019, New York mayor Bill de Blasio announced that Been would serve as the Deputy Mayor for Housing and Economic Development. Been succeeded Alicia Glen who she served under as Commissioner of Housing Preservation and Development.

New York State Government
In October of 2022, Been was selected by the New York State Gaming Commission and Gaming Commission Chair Brian O'Dwyer to join the Gaming Facilities Location Board which will determine where downstate casinos are located.

Personal life
Been lives with her husband, Richard Revesz, the current director of the American Law Institute, and former dean of the NYU School of Law, and their two children, in New York City.

See also
 List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 2)

References

Selected publications and interviews

1956 births
American women lawyers
Colorado State University alumni
Commissioners in New York City
Deputy mayors of New York City
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Living people
New York (state) Democrats
New York University faculty
New York University School of Law alumni
People from Montrose County, Colorado
Politicians from New York City
Women in New York (state) politics
American women academics
21st-century American women


title: Vivienne Cassie Cooper

text:
Una Vivienne Cassie Cooper  (née Dellow; 29 September 1926 – 5 July 2021) was a New Zealand planktologist and botanist.

Early life
Cassie Cooper was born on 29 September 1926 in the Auckland suburb of Epsom to Annie Eveline Bell and her husband, Kenneth Dellow. She was educated at Takapuna Grammar School, where her father was headmaster from 1935. She received her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from Auckland University College, and her PhD from Victoria University College.

Career
In 1957, she made the first regional study of phytoplankton in New Zealand. Later in life, she focused more on aquatic botany, and was appointed a research scientist on freshwater algae in the Botany Division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). In her career, she wrote over fifty papers and several books, including Marine Phytoplankton in New Zealand Waters and Checklists of the Freshwater Diatoms of New Zealand. Cooper also published Micro Algae – Microscopic Marvels which she writes to appeal to a more popular readership.

Cassie Cooper garnered several awards and titles for her accomplishments, including an honorary research associateship by the Botany Department at University of Auckland and the Botany Division of DSIR, and an honorary life membership of the New Zealand Limnological Society and the New Zealand Marine Science Society. In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to marine biology. She was described as New Zealand's "leading expert" on diatoms.

Cassie Cooper was a founding member of the Australasian Society for Phycology and Aquatic Botany, the International Society of Diatomists, and the Asian Pacific Phycological Association. She retired in 1986.

In 2017, Cassie Cooper was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand.

Personal life
In 1953, she married Richard Morrison Cassie, a fellow professor at the University of Auckland. They had two children. He died in 1974. She married Robert Cecil Cooper, a botanist, in 1984. Cooper would also predecease her.

Death
Cassie Cooper died on 5 July 2021.

References

1926 births
2021 deaths
20th-century New Zealand women scientists
20th-century New Zealand botanists
Planktologists
Women planktologists
University of Auckland alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand women botanists
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
People educated at Takapuna Grammar School
People associated with Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand)


title: Dun Telve

text:
Dun Telve () is an iron-age broch located about  southeast of the village of Glenelg, Inverness-shire in the Highland Region of Scotland. It is one of the best preserved brochs in Scotland.

Location
Dun Telve () stands on the north bank of the Abhainn a’ Ghlinne Bhig, in the lower reaches of Gleann Beag. It lies next to the minor road which leads south from Glenelg. The neighbouring broch of Dun Troddan lies  to the east, and the "semi-broch" known as Dun Grugaig is around  further east.

History
It is thought that the broch was robbed for stone in 1722 (probably for the building of Bernera Barracks in Glenelg). Dun Telve was popular with tourists by the late 18th century, and was first sketched in the late 18th century. It was surveyed in detail in 1871–1873 by Henry Dryden. The building was brought into state care between 1882 and 1901 and the boundary markers that define the area of guardianship are still visible. Around 1914 a programme of works was undertaken by the Office of Works which included "clearing out" the interior, inserting concrete into the upper intramural space and pointing the internal wall-face. The broch has never been archaeologically excavated. The broch is now in the care of Historic Environment Scotland.

Description

The broch consists of a drystone tower which measures  in diameter, and currently stands to a maximum height of  to the west and northwest. The external walls are  thick at the base and  thick at the top. The entrance is on the west but it has been modified, probably in the mid-19th century. On the south side of the entrance passage is a small side-chamber, sometimes called a "guard cell".
A doorway on the north side of the interior of the broch provides access first to an internal cell and then to the intramural space that narrows as it rises through to the top of the surviving wall. Access up the tower is by a winding stone stair, and openings at intervals once gave access to the upper floors. The presence of two horizontal stone ledges, or scarcements, up the height of the surviving section suggests that there were two upper floors. The top floor would have been around  above ground level.

Structures appended to the west and northwest sides of Dun Telve include at least one rectangular building.

References

External links

Glenelg Brochs: Dun Telve And Dun Troddan, Historic Scotland

Archaeological sites in Highland (council area)
Brochs
Historic Environment Scotland properties
Scheduled monuments in Scotland


title: Aleko Prodani

text:
Aleko Prodani (1942–2006) was an Albanian actor and Merited Artist of Albania.

Born in Korçë, southern Albania, in 1942, Prodani became one of the most acclaimed actors of the Andon Zako Çajupi Theatre. He died in 2006, on that same theatre's stage, while premiering Tre donne per un solo uomo of Dario Fo.

References

External links
 Aleko Prodani on IMDb

20th-century Albanian male actors
People from Korçë
1942 births
2006 deaths
Merited Artists of Albania
Deaths onstage
Albanian male stage actors
21st-century Albanian male actors


title: Henry Sopkin

text:
Henry Sopkin (20 October 1903 New York – 1 March 1988 Palo Alto, California) was an American conductor.  He founded, and for 21 years, from 1945 to 1966, led the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra.  Before that, he had been a long-standing pedagogue at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he taught conducting and led the Conservatory Symphony Orchestra.

Career highlights
Sopkin studied the violin as a youth and entered the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he grew up, earning both bachelor's and master's degrees in music. In the 1920s and 1930s, he taught at the American Conservatory, at Chicago area high schools, and at Woodrow Wilson College before the Atlanta Music Club hired him in 1944.  Under the patronage of the Atlanta Music Club, founded in 1915, the Atlanta Symphony emerged in 1947 from a successful Atlanta Youth Orchestra conducted by Sopkin. When he retired in 1966, the Symphony became fully professional. His son, Charles Sopkin (1932-1994) was an author, editor and publisher.

External links
 Atlanta Symphony Orchestra website
Henry Sopkin Collection, 1940-1975 at Library of Congress

References

1903 births
1988 deaths
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians


title: So You Want to be Top? (British game show)

text:
So You Want to be Top? is a British children's television programme presented by Gary Wilmot. It aired for 3 series from 7 November 1983 until 17 December 1985 normally on a Friday afternoon.

Description
The show includes sketches and games that are slapstick in nature. The contestants were schoolchildren (except for series 3 - see Criticism). Much of the dialogue was pun-laden and tended to elicit groans from the audience. Scores were decided via a clapometer measuring the volume of the clapping/cheering of the children in the audience. Scores were recorded by The Gemini Twins in series 1 and Leni Harper in series 2 and 3.

One of the show's highlights was the spoof adverts for fake products marketed at schoolkids, most of them made by fictional company Top Kid.

Catchphrases
A number of catchphrases were associated with the show including:

 "So that means that the Creeps are top of being bottom and the Crawlers are bottom of being top!" (Gary Wilmot after the final scores have been announced)
 "Miss Harper - to the scoreboard, please!" (Gary Wilmot to Leni Harper - series 2 and 3)
 "Mark 'em, top kids!" (Leni Harper when asking the audience to score the contestants on the clap-o-meter - series 2 and 3)

Production
The show was co-created by John Langdon and a 17-year-old schoolboy Ian White. The producer Judy Whitfield would later go on to produce The Tweenies.

Criticism
The programme could be seen as an inferior re-formulation of the long-running Crackerjack TV series.

In series 1 and 2 the contestants were school children with their dialogue unscripted. However the final series was more fully scripted with young actors (many from the popular children's drama of the time Grange Hill) only pretending to compete.

See also
 Crackerjack (TV series)

References

BBC children's television shows
1980s British game shows
1983 British television series debuts
1985 British television series endings
1980s British children's television series


title: Toplița (disambiguation)

text:
Toplița is a city in Harghita County, Romania.

Toplița may also refer to:

Populated places in Romania
 Toplița, Hunedoara, a commune in Hunedoara County
 Toplița, a village in Mălureni Commune, Argeș County
 Toplița, a village in Letca Commune, Sălaj County
 Toplița Mureșului and Măgura-Toplița, villages in Certeju de Sus Commune, Hunedoara County

Rivers in Romania
 Toplița, a tributary of the Barcău in Sălaj County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Bârsa in Brașov County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Comarnic in Caraș-Severin County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Fișag in Harghita County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Jiul de Vest in Hunedoara County
 Toplița, another name for the Topolița, a tributary of the Moldova in Neamț County
 Toplița (Mureș), a tributary of the Mureș in Harghita County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Sucevița in Suceava County
 Toplița, a tributary of the Măcicaș in Caraș-Severin County
 Toplița (Vâlsan), a tributary of the Vâlsan in Argeș County

See also
 Toeplitz (disambiguation)
 Toplica (disambiguation)
 Teplice (disambiguation)


title: Non-Party List

text:
The Non-Party List Liechtenstein (, ULL) was a political party in Liechtenstein formed to contest the 1989 general election and prevent any of the larger parties from forming a majority. It did not reach the minimum vote threshold to gain seats in the Landtag, and subsequently dissolved in 1990.

Electoral results

References

Defunct political parties in Liechtenstein
Political parties established in 1989
1989 establishments in Liechtenstein
Political parties disestablished in 1990
1990 disestablishments in Liechtenstein


title: Beccarii

text:
Beccarii, a specific epithet honouring Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari, may refer to:

Plants
Aglaia beccarii, a tree in the family Meliaceae
Aulandra beccarii, a tree in the family Sapotaceae
Bulbophyllum beccarii, an orchid in the family Orchidaceae
Dacrydium beccarii, a conifer in the family Podocarpaceae
Dryobalanops beccarii or Kapur Keladan, a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae
Haplolobus beccarii, a plant in the family Burseraceae
Holochlamys beccarii, a plant in the family Araceae
Musa beccarii, a wild banana in the family Musaceae
Myrmecodia beccarii, a plant in the family Rubiaceae
Palaquium beccarianum, a tree in the family Sapotaceae

Animals
Acanthopelma beccarii, a tarantula
Clinidium beccarii, a ground beetle in the family Carabidae
Cochoa beccarii, a bird in the family Turdidae
Conraua beccarii, a frog in the family Ranidae
Crocidura beccarii, a shrew in the family Soricidae
Emballonura beccarii, a bat in the family Emballonuridae
Gallicolumba beccarii, a bird in the family Columbidae
Margaretamys beccarii, a rat in the family Muridae
Mormopterus beccarii, a bat in the family Molossidae
Otus beccarii, an owl in the family Strigidae
Scopula beccarii, a moth in the family Geometridae
Sericornis beccarii, a bird in the family Acanthizidae
Varanus beccarii, a monitor lizard in the family Varanidae


title: Robert H. Hotchkiss

text:
Robert Henry Hotchkiss (December 24, 1818 – September 29, 1878) was a businessman and politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate for 3 years, and a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly for one year.

Biography
Hotchkiss was born on December 24, 1818, Christmas Eve, in Smithfield, New York. On July 3, 1851 Hotchkiss married Jenette Bartholf. They had two children. He died on September 29, 1878. Hotchkiss was in the printing business and settled in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. He died at his son-in-law's home in New York City.

Career
Hotchkiss was a member of the Assembly in 1857 and of the Senate from 1859 to 1860 and again in 1868. He was a Democrat.

References

People from Smithfield, New York
People from Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
1818 births
1878 deaths
19th-century American politicians


title: Insignia Systems, Inc.

text:
Insignia Systems, Inc., (NASDAQ: ISIG) often referred to as just Insignia, is a publicly traded U.S. Corporation that manufactures point of sale in-store signs and promotional advertising media for consumer packaged goods companies and retailers. Insignia is one of three companies in the United States (the other two are Valassis Communications and News America Marketing) that control almost all the in-store ads and grocery coupons in the United States.

The company is broken into two parts, the first of which maintains a relationship with retailers for placing signs in stores.  The second part markets and provides signs to Fast-moving consumer goods, better known as consumer packaged goods companies (or simply CPG companies), which are then placed into the partnering retail locations.

History
Insignia Systems, Inc. was founded on January 2, 1990 by G.L. Hoffman and David Eiss. The company began operations by selling Impulse sign machines that printed in-Store signs and labels. In 1991, Insignia Systems became a publicly traded company, trading on the NASDAQ as ISIG, moving to the National Market in 2002. In 1993 Stylus software was introduced as precursor to the future Insignia POPS line and the original Impulse machine was replaced with the SignRight machine in 1996. Soon after, in 1998, the Insignia POPS innovative sign program became the company's featured product.

1998 was a critical year for Insignia as sales were down and new business was a necessity. In May of that same year the Insignia POPS sign was introduced and, on February 24, 1998, Scott Drill was named CEO of the company.  With Drill providing additional direction and the POPS business established, the company and the POPS program grew quickly, reaching 1 million signs in 2001 and 40 million signs in 2011.  Through 2006 and 2007, Insignia confirmed a 10-year partnership with Valassis Communications, filling the in-store void for Valassis.

In 2011, the Company reached a settlement of a lawsuit between Insignia Systems and News America Marketing, owned by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. The basis of the lawsuit was the accusation of News America Marketing for engaging in various antitrust practices.  New America Marketing settled the lawsuit for $125 million, and the two companies entered into a business agreement, making Insignia the sole third party provider of in-store signs with price.

In December 2011, Insignia purchased a state-of-the-art Laser Die Cutter (die cutting), making their POP Signs graphically customizable. This new creative capability, along with the exclusive price on sign, revamped Insignia's business. Due to the success and added customization of their signs, Insignia POPS expanded their product lines to include Shape POPS, Equity POPS, Shape POPS Premier, Brand POPS and Banner POPS. POPS now continues to be a major component in Insignia Systems' profit giving them a great deal of traction in the in-store advertising landscape.

In 2013, Insignia Systems introduced the Insignia PLUS program.  Similar to the Insignia POPS Program, Insignia PLUS offers retailers signs for retail-specific programs such as nutritional programs, aisle navigation signs and signs for private label brands.

In 2014, Insignia Systems introduced The Like Machine to their lineup of in-store marketing solutions. The Like Machine allows consumers to express their opinions on a product directly at the shelf by simply pressing a button. This information is then displayed for future customers to use for their purchasing decisions.

Insignia POPS Program
The Insignia POPS Program is the consumer-facing brand of Insignia. Insignia POPS is a sign placed at the shelf, primarily in grocery stores, that contains brand messaging, brand graphics and price.  According to the company, the Insignia POPS Program has access to more than 23,000 stores across the United States through their own retailer network and other business relationships. Insignia utilizes a laser die cutter to create each sign individually which allows for unique patterns, shapes and granularity of the signs produced. On January 13, 2014, Insignia announced that the company had produced its 50 millionth Insignia POPS sign with the laser die cutter.

The Like Machine
The Like Machine, developed by TLM Holdings, LLC, is a consumer approval device designed to bring the benefits of online recommendations to brick and mortar stores. This device is mounted directly to store shelves near the featured product. It consists of a "Like" button for consumers to press when in favor of a product. The like button is accompanied by a readout that displays the number of likes a particular product has received in a given time period. The machine is designed to bring word of mouth directly to the point of purchase. It was released to limited retailers in November 2014 for testing, and is expected to be released on a larger scale in the middle of 2015.

Legal Cases
At the beginning of 2011, in a case in Minnesota brought by Insignia Systems, News America faced more than $600 million in fines. The News Corporation paid out $125 million to settle the allegations of anticompetitive behavior and violations of antitrust laws. This was the third time that the two companies had been involved in lawsuits. In August 2000, Insignia was sued by News America regarding exclusive promotional agreements with several major supermarket retailers, a suit that was settled confidentially in November 2002. In November 2003 Insignia was sued again, regarding Insignia's right to market in-store advertising and promotional services.

References

External links

Mass media companies of the United States
Companies based in Minneapolis
1991 initial public offerings
Companies listed on the Nasdaq


title: Development Bank of Namibia

text:
The Development Bank of Namibia (DBN) is a state owned development bank in Namibia.

Overview
The bank began its operations in 2004. The main objective of DBN is to promote and finance development in those sectors of the economy which support development and the welfare of the citizens of the country. , the total asset valuation of the bank was in excess of US$146 million (NAD:1.602 billion), with shareholders equity of approximately US$144.3 million (NAD:1.583 billion)

Board of directors
, the following individuals constituted the board of directors of the Development Bank OF Namibia:

 Tania Hangula: Chairperson
 Tabitha Mbome
 Muetulamba Shingenge-Haipinge
 Emma Haiyambo
 Albie Basson
 Justus Hausiku
 Martin Inkumbi: Chief Executive Officer

See also
 List of banks in Namibia
 Economy of Namibia

References

External links
 Official Website of Development Bank of Namibia

Banks of Namibia
Banks established in 2004
Namibian companies established in 2004
Companies based in Windhoek
Development finance institutions


title: Hena Akhter

text:
Hena Akhter () is a Bangladeshi national women Kabaddi player who was part of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2010 Asian Games.

References

External links
 Women's sports in Bangladesh

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Asian Games medalists in kabaddi
Kabaddi players at the 2010 Asian Games
Bangladeshi kabaddi players
Female kabaddi players
Asian Games bronze medalists for Bangladesh
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: A Quiet Night In

text:
"A Quiet Night In" is the second episode of the British dark comedy television anthology series Inside No. 9. It first aired on 12 February 2014 on BBC Two. Written by Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton, it stars the writers as a pair of hapless burglars attempting to break into the large, modernist house of a couple—played by Denis Lawson and Oona Chaplin—to steal a painting. Once the burglars make it into the house, they encounter obstacle after obstacle, while the lovers, unaware of the burglars' presence, argue. The episode progresses almost entirely without dialogue, relying instead on physical comedy and slapstick, though more sinister elements are present in the plot. In addition to Pemberton, Shearsmith, Lawson and Chaplin, "A Quiet Night In" also starred Joyce Veheary and Kayvan Novak.

Shearsmith and Pemberton had originally considered including a dialogue-free segment in their television series Psychoville, but ultimately did not; they found the format of Inside No. 9 appropriate for revisiting the idea. Both journalists and those involved with the episode's production commented on the casting of Chaplin, a grandchild of the silent film star Charlie Chaplin, in an almost entirely dialogue-free episode, though her casting was not a deliberate homage. Critics generally responded positively to the episode, and a particularly laudatory review by David Chater was published in The Times, prompting a complaint from a reader who found the episode more traumatic than comedic. On its first airing, "A Quiet Night In" was watched by 940,000 viewers (4.8% of the market).

"A Quiet Night In" was submitted to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts for the 2015 awards, but it was not nominated. Pemberton and Shearsmith have said that they have no plans to do further silent episodes, but have compared "A Quiet Night In" to the highly-experimental "Cold Comfort" from Inside No. 9 second series, a sentiment echoed by some television critics.

Production

Writers Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, who had previously co-written and starred in The League of Gentlemen and Psychoville, took inspiration for Inside No. 9 from "David and Maureen", episode 4 of the first series of Psychoville, which was in turn inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's Rope. "David and Maureen" took place entirely in a single room, and was filmed in only two shots. At the same time, the concept of Inside No. 9 was a "reaction" to Psychoville, with Shearsmith saying that "we'd been so involved with labyrinthine over-arcing, we thought it would be nice to do six different stories with a complete new house of people each week. That's appealing, because as a viewer you might not like this story, but you've got a different one next week." As an anthology series with horror themes, Inside No. 9 also pays homage to Tales of the Unexpected, The Twilight Zone and Alfred Hitchcock Presents.

The format of Inside No. 9 allowed Pemberton and Shearsmith to explore ideas which are less practical for other approaches to storytelling, such as the possibility of a script with little dialogue. Prior to writing "A Quiet Night In", Shearsmith had spoken with directors, including Ben Wheatley, about the possibility of producing television without speech. The directors had expressed doubts, Shearsmith explained, because the success of dialogue-free television comes down entirely to the visuals and filming. "A Quiet Night In" was inspired by an idea Shearsmith and Pemberton had discussed for Psychoville. The writers had considered omitting dialogue from a ten-minute section in an episode, or even from the whole episode. Pemberton explained that this was not possible as there were "too many good jokes" which they wanted to fit into the sequence. This episode, like "A Quiet Night In", dealt with a break-in.

Inside No. 9, for Pemberton, offered the "perfect vehicle" for revisiting the possibility of dialogue-free television. Shearsmith said that, at the start of the writing process, the pair did not have the intention of scripting the entire episode without dialogue, and that it would be "great" to have ten minutes without it. However, Pemberton said it was easier to write once they had entered the correct "mindset". Once half an episode had been written, Pemberton said, the pair thought "we've just got to keep going". The only dialogue in the episode is right at the end; "what a great thing to get to the end and just have one line of dialogue", Pemberton suggested, comparing the concept to that of the Mel Brooks film Silent Movie.

The story of "A Quiet Night In" revolves around a break-in, which, combined with an argument between the people living in the house, means that the characters all have a reason to be silent. At 18 pages of stage directions, the script contained every joke in the episode, an exercise in planning atypical for Shearsmith and Pemberton. The story contains multiple "reveals"; Pemberton explained that he and Shearsmith "hope there's an 'oh my God' moment. There is always a desire to wrong-foot the viewer. That's what you strive to do". Pemberton said that writing for a silent episode "makes you inventive in a completely different way".

The episode was filmed at the White Lodge, in Oxted, Surrey. The episode's burglars are played by the writers; the pair were quoted as saying "we didn't want to dominate [the series], so we sometimes play fairly minor characters. But we know that, say, if we were writing something about two burglars, we'd be the burglars." Pemberton suggested that a partial influence for the episode may have been the children's television series Brum. He said that he and Shearsmith had "always wanted to be a couple of robbers in that, so that might be where the idea came from". Both writers agreed that their roles were "great to perform", and Pemberton described the resulting episode by saying that it "worked out better than [they] could have dreamed".

As the format of Inside No. 9 requires new characters each week, the writers were able to attract actors who may have been unwilling to commit to an entire series. In addition to Pemberton and Shearsmith, "A Quiet Night In" starred Denis Lawson, Joyce Veheary, Oona Chaplin and Kayvan Novak. Pemberton commented on the appropriateness of casting Chaplin, a grandchild of the silent film star Charlie Chaplin, in an episode with little dialogue. Shearsmith stressed that the episode should not be considered a silent film in the same way as Charlie Chaplin's, elsewhere saying that the casting was "almost an accident but maybe a little nod". Bruce Dessau, writing in The Independent, described the casting choice as "a satisfying nod to silent cinema". Both Oona Chaplin and the Inside No. 9 executive producer Jon Plowman stressed, however, that there was no significance in the casting. Chaplin also said that her character was very unlike herself, explaining that the "big boobs, the heels, the blonde wig ... freed [her] up amazingly".

Plot

Inside a large, modernist house, Gerald (Lawson) turns on Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 and sits down to soup brought by his housekeeper, Kim (Veheary). Through the windows behind him, burglars Eddie (Pemberton) and Ray (Shearsmith) are seen. Ray enters the house, then lets in Eddie while Gerald is using the toilet. Eddie is shocked to see that the pair have come to steal an almost completely white painting. Ray starts to dismantle the painting while Eddie keeps watch; he tries to guide a Yorkshire Terrier out of the patio window, but inadvertently lets in an Irish Wolfhound. As Ray releases the wolfhound, Eddie accidentally throws the terrier into the window, so Ray stuffs the dog into an umbrella stand.

Sabrina (Chaplin) walks down the stairs, and Ray puts the painting back and hides. Sabrina turns down Gerald's music to watch EastEnders. Gerald returns, sitting away from Sabrina. He turns up his music and the pair fight over the television remote, before leaving through the patio door and arguing, though their voices are muffled. Ray cuts away the canvas and replaces it with kitchen roll. When Sabrina reenters, she unknowingly stands on the canvas. Kim picks it up, mistaking it for laundry, and heads into a laundry room as Sabrina walks upstairs. Eddie follows Kim and she sprays something into his eyes. Ray knocks out Kim and sees the canvas in a laundry basket, which is sent up a laundry chute. He runs upstairs, while Gerald remains outside.

Sabrina packs a holdall, including the contents of the laundry basket. She locks the case and heads into an en suite. Downstairs, Gerald retrieves a pistol and heads back outside. Ray attempts to steal the key from Sabrina's discarded trousers and he sees that Sabrina is a transgender woman. On the patio, Gerald points the gun into his mouth, as Eddie stumbles around in the lounge area, having accidentally pushed chilli peppers into his eyes. Ray hides under Sabrina's bed as she reenters the room; lying on a sex doll with both breasts and a penis, he is almost discovered. Eddie washes his face, and Gerald starts to play "Without You". Sabrina makes her way downstairs, taking the holdall's key. Sabrina and Gerald dance.

Ray drags the case to the top of the stairs and meets Eddie. Gerald lays Sabrina down on the sofa, places a cushion over her face and shoots her. Gerald turns off the music as the doorbell is heard. Answering the door, Gerald sees a man (Novak) who holds up a sign reading "Hello, my name is Paul. I am deaf & dumb." The reverse of the sign reads "Do you need any cleaning products today?" Gerald heads inside and hides Sabrina's body as Paul waits. Gerald splashes his soup onto the blood and invites Paul to clean it. Ray runs down the stairs and meets Paul; he proceeds to buy rope before returning upstairs. Paul continues to clean, but sees the bullethole in the cushion, and then the suitcase being lowered outside the window. Gerald heads outside to investigate, but Eddie and Ray drop the case on his head. The burglars run past Paul and look out to see the canvas in the pool, before both being shot by Paul. Paul rings someone and says "Hello, it's me. Yeah, it's done." He looks to the fake painting, and says "I've got it right here. Yeah, it's fine. Not a peep out of anyone." He takes down the painting and walks out, as the real canvas is seen sinking in the pool.

Analysis
The style of "A Quiet Night In" is experimental and represents a creative risk. While Pemberton and Shearsmith's characters provide comedy, the relationship of Lawson and Chaplin's characters adds an element of darkness. The two storylines are brought together with the violence towards the end of the episode, resulting in the juxtaposition of elements reminiscent of both the Chuckle Brothers (slapstick) and Quentin Tarantino (bloody violence).

Though the comedy remains black, the comedic style of the episode differs considerably from that of "Sardines", the previous installment of Inside No. 9. "A Quiet Night In" offers a kind of "sadistic slapstick" humour; physical comedy, toilet humour and buffoonery are utilised, with the episode effectively becoming a farce. "A Quiet Night In" builds upon silent comedy tropes and norms, but, for the comedy critic Bruce Dessau, the tone is closer to that of Kill List or Sightseers than to the work of Buster Keaton. The episode features various twists, and these are generally in keeping with Pemberton and Shearsmith's typical approach, though one is reminiscent of the Farrelly brothers.

Reception

Critics generally responded positively to "A Quiet Night In". David Chater, writing for The Times, gave a highly laudatory review, saying the episode was "the funniest, cleverest, most imaginative and original television I have seen for as long as I can remember – one of those fabulous programmes where time stands still and the world around you disappears". He chose not to reveal too much about the plot for fear of "spoiling the fun". Chater later described the episode as "mindboggling in its originality", and "one of the funniest, most imaginative programmes shown on television in the past 15 years". Jane Simon, writing for the Daily Mirror, called the episode a "triumph", while writers for Metro described the episode as "quality comedy", and journalists writing for The Sunday Times characterised it as a "brilliantly conceived and choreographed mime". Jack Seale, writing for the Radio Times, also stressed how the episode was "beautifully choreographed", praising Pemberton and Shearsmith's "willingness to attempt difficult concepts".

Dessau considered the episode "genius", and described the twist ending as "genuinely unexpected". In The Observer, Mike Bradley called "A Quiet Night In" a "priceless silent farce", but, in the newspaper's sister publication The Guardian, Luke Holland was more critical. He said the episode was "an almost wordless half-hour of physical comedy", and that "it plays out like a French farce, its comedic strokes far broader" than those of "Sardines". "If you find two men silently mime-arguing about how long it takes to have a poo funny", he continued, "you're on sturdy ground here". Later, a review by Phelim O'Neill of the Inside No. 9 series 1 boxset published on theguardian.com described "A Quiet Night In" as "engaging, tense, funny, frightening – and accessibly experimental". The episode was compared positively to "Last Gasp" by Rebecca McQuillan of The Herald, who said that "A Quiet Night In" was "something close to comedy genius". An anonymous review in the South African newspaper The Saturday Star picked out "A Quiet Night In" as the strongest episode of the first series.

After the episode had aired, The Times received an email complaint about Chater's positive review of the episode, which was discussed by the journalist Rose Wild. Part of the complaint read:

In response, Wild said: "I am sorry if we left any permanent damage. In our defence, we did say 'black' comedy." Wild agreed with the reader's comment that she and her husband "must be very different kinds of people" from Chater.

Viewing figures
On its first airing, the episode received 940,000 viewers (4.8% of the market). This was lower than the 1 million (5.6% of viewers) of the series's debut, "Sardines", and lower than the 1.8 million (7.4%) of Line of Duty which immediately preceded "A Quiet Night In" in most UK listings. A repeat, shown on 26 May on BBC2, attracted 900,000 viewers, which was 4% of the audience. On this occasion, the episode followed The Fast Show Special. The series average, based upon the viewing figures of the first broadcast of each episode, was 904,000 viewers, or 4.9% of the audience, lower than the slot average of 970,000 (5.1% of the audience).

Legacy
"A Quiet Night In" was submitted to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), but was not nominated for a 2015 BAFTA award. In an interview with Digital Spy, Shearsmith said that this surprised him, saying "I was upset, I did think it was a shame that it's not been recognised. You want people to have seen it and to have recognised the work, and innovation, but I think people are doing that. I get told that every day on Twitter, or in meetings." A number of journalists expressed surprise that Inside No. 9 had received no BAFTA nominations, with Julia Raeside, of The Guardian, describing "A Quiet Night In" as "one of the most inspired pieces of mute theatre I've seen on television".

In 2015, Shearsmith said that he and Pemberton had no intention to write any further silent episodes, as they would not want viewers to think they had run out of ideas, while Pemberton separately said that the pair had no desire to do what would be an inferior version of "A Quiet Night In". "Cold Comfort", the fourth episode of the second series of Inside No. 9, was compared to "A Quiet Night In" by Pemberton, Shearsmith and some critics. "Cold Comfort" was also filmed an experimental style, with most of the episode shot from fixed cameras and displayed on a split screen. Despite this—with its focus on listening and the fact that it was mostly static—"Cold Comfort" could, for Pemberton, be seen as the "polar opposite" of "A Quiet Night In".

In June 2016, there was a screening of "A Quiet Night In" at Arnolfini as part of Bristol's Slapstick Festival. The one-off event, entitled "A Quiet Night In with Reece & Steve", also featured Pemberton and Shearsmith discussing the episode on-stage with Robin Ince, followed by a question and answer session with the writers. In an interview with Craig Jones of the Bristol Post, Shearsmith said that he was "very excited to come to Bristol", and that he and Pemberton had been wanting to be involved with Slapstick Festival for some time. He said that "It is a lovely thing to be part of and it is great to see how respected slapstick still remains."

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 "A Quiet Night In" at the British Comedy Guide
 "A Quiet Night In" at TVGuide.co.uk
 The White Lodge, where the episode was filmed

2014 British television episodes
British LGBT-related television episodes
Burglary in fiction
Inside No. 9 episodes
Television episodes about murder
Transgender-related television episodes
Works about couples
Television episodes about theft


title: Annouk van der Weijden

text:
Annouk van der Weijden (born 27 June 1986) is a former Dutch speed skater. Born in Leiderdorp, she competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, where she placed fifth in 3000 metres. She competed again at the 2018 Winter Olympics and finished fourth in 5000 metres.

Personal records

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Dutch female speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for the Netherlands
Sportspeople from Leiderdorp
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
21st-century Dutch women