title: Superjail! (season 1)

text:
The first season of the American animated television series Superjail!, created by Christy Karacas, Stephen Warbrick, and Ben Gruber, originally aired on Adult Swim in the United States. The season premiered on September 28, 2008, and ended on December 7, 2008.

The first season was the only season of the show to be produced by Augenblick Studios.

Cast

Main cast
 David Wain as the Warden
 Teddy Cohn as Jared
 Christy Karacas as Alice
 Christopher McCulloch as various characters
 Christy Karacas as Jacknife

Recurring characters

Also starring
 Richard Mather as the Twins (7 episodes)
 Stephen Warbrick as Jean Baptiste Le Ghei (6 episodes)

Guest starring
 Sally Donovan as the Mistress (1 episode)
 Tim Harrington as live-action Warden (1 episode)

Episodes

Reception and release

Critical reception
DVD Verdict's David Johnson criticized the season in his review of the DVD release, calling it a "massive disappointment". He found the violence "grows tedious and you will be desensitized and the dearth of functional humor will hit you even harder." Ian Jane of DVD Talk gave the release four stars out of five, praising the humor and creativity, "so long as your sense of humor runs towards the more perverse side and you appreciate black comedy." He recommended the season be enjoyed "in two or three episode jolts", and that the detailed backgrounds and animation gave the season a "considerable" amount of replay value. Blogcritics's Greg Barbrick praised the release as "a must" for "anyone who enjoys truly twisted animation". He highlighted the episodes "Terrorarium" and "Time-Police" as "positively lysergic" examples of the season, but found the bleeping of profanity on the set surprising contrasted with the graphic violence.

Home media
Warner Home Video published a DVD release of the season for region 1 markets on February 23, 2010. A region 2 DVD had been released on March 12 of the same year. In promoting the release, Vice magazine held a contest with readers to submit fan art, judged by series creator Christy Karacas, with two winners receiving unopened copies of the release. The season has also been made available for digital download through the iTunes Store, with a single volume released on September 28, 2008.

Notes

References

2008 American television seasons


title: RP11-267C16.1

text:
Uncharacterized LOC100287225 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RP11-267C16.1 gene.

References

Further reading

Genes
Human proteins


title: Pavol Hell

text:
Pavol Hell is a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist, born in Czechoslovakia. He is a professor of computing science at Simon Fraser University. Hell started his mathematical studies at Charles University in Prague, and moved to Canada in August 1968 after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He obtained his MSc from McMaster University in Hamilton, under the joint supervision of Gert Sabidussi and Alex Rosa, and his PhD at the Universite de Montreal, with Gert Sabidussi. In his PhD research he pioneered, on the suggestion of Gert Sabidussi, the study of graph retracts. He describes his area of interest as "computational combinatorics", including algorithmic graph theory and complexity of graph problems. His current focus is on nicely structured graph classes, and on the complexity of various versions of graph homomorphism problems.

Hell has written the book  Graph and Homomorphisms
 with his long-term collaborator Jaroslav Nešetřil, and many highly cited papers, including "On the complexity of H-coloring"  also with Nešetřil, "On the history of the minimum spanning tree problem", with Ron Graham, "On the completeness of a generalized matching problem"
 with David Kirkpatrick, and "List homomorphisms and circular arc graphs" with Tomas Feder and Jing Huang. He is a managing editor of the Journal of Graph Theory, and was named a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) in 2012.

References

External links
List of publications at DBLP
Journal of Graph Theory

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Czech mathematicians
Czech computer scientists
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian computer scientists
Graph theorists
McMaster University alumni
Université de Montréal alumni
Academic staff of Simon Fraser University
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics


title: Alexander Kasjanov

text:
Alexander Vladimirovich Kasjanov (, born 30 September 1983) is a Russian bobsledder who has competed since 2006. He has competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics, where he got 4th place in two-man and four-men event. On November 29, 2017, he was disqualified for doping and received a life-time ban from the Olympics.

World Cup Podiums

References

External links

1983 births
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Living people
Olympic bobsledders for Russia
Russian male bobsledders
People from Bratsk
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in bobsleigh
Sportspeople from Irkutsk Oblast


title: Monique Pronk

text:
Monica Maria "Monique" Pronk (born 4 August 1958) is a retired Dutch rowing coxswain. She competed at the 1976 and 1980 Olympics in the coxed fours and quad sculls and finished in fifth and sixth place, respectively.

References

1958 births
Living people
Coxswains (rowing)
Dutch female rowers
Olympic rowers for the Netherlands
Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Rowers from Amsterdam


title: Anomastraea

text:
Anomastraea is a monotypic genus of corals in the family Coscinaraeidae. It is represented by a single species, the crisp pillow coral (Anomastraea irregularis).

Description
The crisp pillow coral forms small, mound-like colonies that grow to be about 20 cm in height and make a blue-grey and cream color. Like other corals that form colonies, it consists of soft, little polyps that are assisted with small tentacles that guide food in the water to the coral's mouth. The polyps discharge a skeleton made of calcium carbonate known as corallite which would participate in the formation of coral reefs. The corallites establish an uneven honey-comb pattern.

As a member of the family Siderastreidae, it is a zooxanthellate, living in harmony with zooxanthellae, a unicellular algae, which aids the coral in its growth and survival. The coral protects the algae with its tissue as the algae helps the host with energy and nutrients, as well as removing metabolic waste. However, the crisp pillow coral is restricted to staying in shallow waters where the zooxanthellae can execute photosynthesis.

Distribution
The crisp pillow coral is found on the East African coast, the southern area of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, north and southwestern Indian Ocean, and the Persian Gulf. However, it is not found in the Chagos Archipelago. It is also known in small areas around Madagascar and islands near it.

It is populated in shallow and sandy, tropical coral reef systems. At the base of the reefs and intertidal pools, it lives in turbid water, usually to about 20 m in depth.

Diet
Although the zooxanthellae provides about 70% of the coral's nutrients through photosynthesis, the coral may also prey upon zooplankton, dissolved organic matter, and planktonic bacteria.

Threats
The crisp pillow coral is threatened to extinction with a decreasing population. The principal threat is the rising sea temperature due to global warming and the increasing climate. This expels the zooxanthellae from the coral, leaving it weak and prone to many diseases without the aid of the algae. The climate change also is expected to increase ocean acidification and destructive weather, such as storms that destroy the coral reefs.

The crown-of-thorns starfish is a voracious predator of coral reefs. Since the 1970s, an increasing population of the crown-of-thorns starfish has broken out, consuming more corals in the reefs. Human activity has caused the outbreak of the crown-of-thorn starfish. The overfishing of unprotected reefs may deplete much of the population of the predators of the crown-of-thorn starfish, such as the humphead wrasse. The triton snail, another natural predator, is being collected for its valuable shell. Nutrients from agriculture wash off to the oceans, causing phytoplanktons population increases, which gives more food for the starfish larvae.

Other causes of the declining population of the crisp pillow coral are pollution, destructive fishing practices, human activity, and invasive species.

Conservation
The crisp pillow coral is listed on the Appendix II of CITES, protecting the species from being traded without a permit. Current research is being conducted to ensure the safety of the crisp pillow coral.

References

Scleractinia genera
Monotypic cnidarian genera
Coscinaraeidae
Animals described in 1901


title: Adam Barwood

text:
Adam Barwood (born 30 July 1992, in Queenstown, New Zealand) is an alpine skier from New Zealand. He competed for New Zealand at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom.
Adam's career in ski racing began at Coronet Peak in 2001 with a school holiday programme learning to ski and weekends, to where he now a full-time athlete. He has also spent time training at Cardrona and Treble Cone.  Since 2004, summers have been spent in the northern hemisphere continuing the training in Europe, Canada and the USA.  Adam participated in the Olympics in Sochi, Russia February 2014 in slalom (placing 25th) and giant slalom (44th).

Adam has been a member of the New Zealand National Alpine Ski Team since 2010 and has won the Overall NZ Alpine Champion trophy 2012 and 2013; open slalom champion 2012, 2013; open giant slalom champion 2013.

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
New Zealand male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for New Zealand
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics


title: Jérémy Pancras

text:
Jérémy Pancras (born 26 December 1991) is a French freestyle skier. He was born in Annecy.
He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in slopestyle.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Annecy
Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
French male freestyle skiers
Olympic freestyle skiers for France


title: Treaty of Thapathali

text:
The Treaty of Thapathali () was a treaty signed between the Tibetan government of Ganden Phodrang (then a protectorate of the Qing dynasty) and the Kingdom of Nepal in Thapathali Durbar in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, following the Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856). In January 1856, a representative group of Tibet (along with a Chinese ambassador) came to Kathmandu for discussion of the treaty. After a long discussion, the representative group ultimately signed a treaty on 24 March.

Failure of first attempt
A meeting of delegation teams was first called in Shikarjong but no decision was made. The Nepali delegation team returned, as they were to discuss with the prime minister, Jung Bahadur Rana. In the meeting with Tibetan delegation, Jung Bahadur demanded one crore rupees for expenses of war and the return of all Tibetan land captured by Nepal. It was very hard for the Tibetan delegation to make such a decision, so Kaji Til Bikram was sent to Sikarjong along with the Tibetans in September. The ambassador of China replied that he could offer four lakhs rupees for war expenses and five lakhs rupees as reparations for the destruction of Nepalese troops in Lhasa. The ambassador also stressed that Tibet was a state of China and the Emperor gave it to the local monks only for religious purpose, so Tibet was not subjected to give any land to Nepal; if Nepal did not return immediately from Tibet then Nepal must be ready to fight war with China. As the Nepalese were not in support of this condition, the attempt of Treaty failed.

Treaty of Thapathali

In March of the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the two sides signed a peace treaty in Thapathali, Nepal, with the approval of the Chinese Amban.

There are ten articles in the treaty:

(1) Tibet pays 10,000 rupees as reparations to the Gurkhas annually.

(2) Gurkhas and Tibet shall always respect the Emperor of China. There are many monasteries in Tibet, and many practitioners live alone and follow religious rules.

(3) Afterwards, for Gurkha merchants and citizens, Tibet will not collect merchant tax, road tax and other taxes.

(4) Tibet allows the Sikh soldiers captured before and the Gurkha soldiers, officials, servicemen, women, and artillery positions captured in the war to be returned to the Gurkhas; All items left behind by Tibetans in Long, Nyalam, Tsongkha, Blang, and Rongju areas were returned to Tibet.

(5) Gurkhas will subsequently send a senior official to be stationed in Lhasa, but not Newars.

(6) Gurkhas are allowed to open shops in Lhasa to sell and buy jewelry, clothing, food, and other various items at will.

(7) If there are disputes between Lhasa businessmen and citizens, Gurkha officials are not allowed to interrogate them; if there are disputes between Gurkha merchants and residents in Lhasa or Kathmandu Muslims, they are not allowed to be interrogated by Tibetan officials; if there are disputes between Tibetan people and Gurkha people , The officials of the two sides will be interrogated together, the Tibetan people will be fined, and the Tibetan officials will be fined, and the Gurkha businessmen and Muslims will be fined and returned to the Gurkha officials.

(8) If the Gurkhas fled to Tibet for murder, Tibet handed them over and sent them to Gurkha; Tibetans fled to Gurkha because of murder, and the Gurkhas handed them over and sent to Tibet.

(9) Tibetan officials should investigate the property of the Gurkha merchants and citizens who robbed them and ordered them to be returned to their original owners. If the criminal cannot return the original item, the Gurkha officials should make him make a promise and pay him back within a time limit.

(10) After the treaty has been concluded, neither party shall retaliate against the family property of the Tibetans who are attached to the Gurkhas or the family property of the people who are attached to the Gorkhas of Tibet.

See also
Thapathali Durbar
History of Nepal
Tibet under Qing rule
Sino-Nepalese War
Nepalese–Tibetan War
China-Nepal relations

References

Treaties concluded in 1856
Treaties of Nepal
Treaties of Tibet
1850s in Tibet
19th century in Nepal
Nepal–Tibet relations
1856 in Nepal


title: Antoine Adelisse

text:
Antoine Adelisse (born 10 June 1996) is a French freestyle skier. He was born in Nantes.
He competed in slopestyle at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2013. He represented France at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
French male freestyle skiers
Olympic freestyle skiers for France
Sportspeople from Nantes


title: List of magazines in the Czech Republic

text:
In 1989, there was a total of 180 weekly magazines in the Czech Republic. As of 1995 the magazine sector in the country was small and fragmented. In 2010, the number of magazines was nearly 1800.

There are foreign magazine publishing companies in the country, including Sanoma Magazines Praha, which is a subsidiary of Sanoma.

The following is an incomplete list of current and defunct magazines published in the Czech Republic. It also include those published in Czechoslovakia. They may be published in Czech or in other languages.

A
 A2
 Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung
 Aspen Review Central Europe

C
 Czech Business Weekly

D
 DTest

F
 Fantastická fakta
 Finance New Europe

K
 Der Kampf

L
 La Gonzo Magazine
 LeveL
 Loutkář
 Lumír
 Lidé a Země

M
 Mladý svět

O
 Orer

P
Prague.TV, Living Like a Local
 The Prague Tribune
 Přítomnost

R
 Reflex
 Reporter
 Respekt
 Revolver Revue

S
 SPY
 Světozor
Svět sovětů

T
 Těšínsko
 Trifid
 Týden

V
 Vedem

X
 X-Ink

Z
Ženské listy
 Zwrot
 ZX Magazín

See also
 List of newspapers in the Czech Republic

References

Magazines


title: Comes (disambiguation)

text:
A comes was an ancient Roman title.

Comes or COMES may also refer to:

Religion
 An acolyth
 The Comes or Liber Comicus, one of the liturgical books of the Roman Rite

Music
An appearance of a fugue subject, the first appearance being dux, the second comes
Comes, the following melody in a canon.
The Comes, a Japanese hardcore punk band

Other uses
 Marcellinus Comes (died  534), chronicler of the Roman Empire
 The fainter star in a binary (double) star system.
 COMES, a French organisation


title: J. S. Wood

text:
Joseph Snell Wood (4 January 1853 – 20 December 1920), usually known as J. S. Wood, was a business man and journalist in London. For the last thirty years of his life he was the editor and publisher of The Gentlewoman, a prominent illustrated paper for women which he had founded in 1890, and he was also chairman of Press Printers Limited.

Outside his business, Wood founded the Society of Women Journalists and was one of the instigators of the Primrose League. He was also an active member of several hospital charities.

Life
Born in Stepney, the first son of another Joseph Wood, by his marriage to Elizabeth, a daughter of Andrew Snell, of Sandford, Devon, Wood's early work was connected with a variety of charitable hospitals in London. From 1888 to 1916 he was Deputy Chairman of the Royal Irish Industries Association, which helped people working in cottage industries in Ireland.

In 1890, Wood established a new illustrated paper for women, The Gentlewoman, which he managed. This became the focal point of Wood's publishing career, and The Gentlewoman was successful in attracting many well-known writers of the day. At the very outset, he showed an innovative touch by serialising a novel in the paper's first twenty issues, unusual in two ways: not only was it written by readers of the paper, instead of professional writers, but a different reader wrote each chapter. In 1891 this notion was developed further when he commissioned a serial novel called The Fate of Fenella, for which twenty-four writers including Arthur Conan Doyle, Bram Stoker, and Mrs Trollope each produced one chapter "without any plan or collaboration".

In 1894 Wood founded the Society of Women Journalists, which only two years later had more than two hundred members. A Conservative in politics, he was a member of the Carlton Club and of the Grand Council of the Primrose League, of which Douglas Sladen called him "one of the real founders".

To celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, Wood wrote and published The Gentlewoman's Record of the Glorious Reign of Victoria the Good.

In 1902, the novelist Marie Corelli wrote to Wood as editor of The Gentlewoman to complain that her name had been left out of a list of the guests in the Royal Enclosure at the Braemar Highland Gathering. Wood replied that her name had been left out intentionally, because of her own stated contempt for the press and her past objections to the snobbery of those who liked to appear in the "news puffs" of society events. He printed both letters in full in the next issue of The Gentlewoman.

Voluntary work
Between 1886 and his death in 1920 Wood was a member of the Council of the Chelsea Hospital for Women and for five years was Honorary Secretary of the Foundation of the Bolingbroke Hospital. He also served on the visiting committee of King Edward VII's Hospital and was a member of the Council of the Hospitals Association. In 1890 he founded the Children's Salon, a charitable organisation which endowed cots in children's hospitals around the country. Wood stated in Who's Who that he had initiated and organised schemes which had raised almost half a million pounds for a variety of philanthropic bodies, which at that time was a gigantic sum.

Wood's family motto was Non sibi sed aliis ("not for self but for others").

Family and death
In 1875, Wood married Elena Maria Umiltà Ambuchi of Florence, a daughter of the sculptor Torello Ambuchi, described by Sladen as "his pretty Italian wife".
They had one son, Harold Charles Putney Wood (born 1881), and three daughters, Florence Elena Elizabeth, Ethel Violet Elise, and Mabel Fanny Louise. Wood sent his son to Uppingham, and in 1911 they were both directors of The Gentlewoman Illustrated Limited. In 1918, H. C. P. Wood was a director of the Newspaper Press, from which his father had retired. H. C. P. Wood was chairman of  The Gentlewoman Illustrated Limited in April 1927 when the company was wound up.

Wood died on 20 December 1920, aged 67, after a long illness, still chairman and managing director of The Gentlewoman and of Press Printers, Limited. He died at 26 Kensington Court, London. The funeral was at Holy Trinity Church, Prince Consort Road, on 23 December. His wife had died in 1919.

Notes

1853 births
1920 deaths
English businesspeople
English newspaper editors
English male journalists
People from Stepney


title: Nea Filadelfeia, Thessaloniki

text:
Nea Filadelfeia (), known before 1927 as Naresh (), is a village and a community of the Oraiokastro municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Kallithea, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 923 inhabitants in the village. The community of Nea Filadelfeia covers an area of 12.624 km2.

Transport
The Village is served by a station on Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli line.

See also
 List of settlements in the Thessaloniki regional unit

References

Populated places in Thessaloniki (regional unit)
Oraiokastro


title: 1933 Maccabiah Games

text:
The 1st Winter Maccabiah (; ) was held in Zakopane, Poland from February 2 to 5, 1933. Coincidentally, the opening ceremony took place two days after Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor (January 30, 1933).

History
Following the successful games of the 1st Maccabiah in 1932, there was a growing interest in winter sports among the European nations. The Maccabi federation of Poland was in charge of organizing the Winter Maccabiah. In the 1930s, that federation was strongest pillar of the Maccabi World Union, consisting of 30,000 Jewish athletes members. The games were met with great opposition; the Gazeta Warszawska newspaper encouraged Polish youth to intervene during the games to prevent the "Jewification of Polish winter sports venues".

Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony for the games took place at the Stadium in Zakopane on February 2, 1933. Lord Melchett, honorary president of the World Maccabi Organization, did not attend the ceremony; instead he sent his blessing and an apology - a large statue depicting the persecution of Jews resistance to antisemitism through the ages.

Participating communities
Jewish athletes from 8 nations participated; most notably, no athletes from Eretz Yisrael took part in the games. The number in parentheses indicates the number of athletes in the delegation.

Games highlights
Poland received the most medals in the first winter Maccabiah; Some of the wins include I. Wahrenhaupt (Men's 18 km cross-country skiing), Szwarcbard (Women's 8 km cross-country skiing), M. Enker (Male Luge), R. Enker (Women Luge), G. Bergler (figure skating), H. Mückenbrun (Downhill), and Women's 3×5 kilometer relay.

The 1st Winter Maccabiah also hosted the first international Maccabiah hockey tournament.

Table

References

Maccabiah Games
Maccabiah Games
Maccabiah Games
Maccabiah Games
Multi-sport events in Poland


title: Myra Juliet Farrell

text:
Myra Juliet Farrell (also Myra Juliet Welsh and Myra Juliet Taylor; 25 February 1878 – 8 March 1957) was an Australian visionary, inventor and artist.  Born in County Clare, Ireland, she migrated to Australia as a child, growing up in Broken Hill, travelled widely and settled in Mosman, Sydney. She held more than two dozen patents ranging from a military barricade to a press stud that could be applied without stitching.

Myra Juliet Farell was born on February 25th, 1878. Originally from County Cork, Ireland, she was an inventor and painter that went by the names Myra Juliet Farrell, Myra Juliet Welsh, and Myra Juliet Taylor. Her father was Frederick Welsh, an engineer from a distinguished Irish family tracing its ancestry back to King William III’s chaplain. Her mother, Harriet (nee Dove), was born in Australia and moved to Ireland with her husband. Myra’s dad, shortly after they were married [1]. There were reports that her mother was an engineer as well, and this may have been where Myra got her inclination for creating new inventions stemmed from.

Farell often looked for ways to simplify life and improve functionality from a young age. As she grew older, she revealed in interviews that her innovative ideas frequently originated from her dreams [1]. These inspirations would wake her up, and she would record them while half awake before they slipped away. Later, it was learned that she had a rare neurological condition called somnambulant writing, which allowed her to focus on an idea as she slipped into sleep. When she awoke, she would have an invention developed or problem solved by morning [2]. This aided her in having so many revolutionary inventions that are still in use today.

One of her inventions was a corset without any hard stays. Many women in the 1800s and 1900s found corsets fashionable and wore them often, however, they began demanding change as they knew these corsets could cause damage to their bodies due to their tight fit and hard material [3]. Farrell knew about these health risks and wanted to fix this issue, so in 1911, she received an Australian patent for a new form of a corset that was equally as supportive but was washable and ‘boneless’. She sold these corsets around the world. Myra Farell originally created it to support women with scoliosis, but the corset grew in popularity amongst women who wanted to wear it for fashion [4]. While corsets have changed in design over time, she revolutionized the way women dressed forever by providing comfort and reducing the health hazards posed by corset garments.

Farell had several inventions. In 1905, Miss Myra Welsh obtained a patent for her initial creation, which was a clever mechanical tracking device. This innovative machine had the ability to replicate sewing patterns of a fixed size from books directly onto fabric, while also allowing for adjustments in size. As a result, seamstresses and tailors could now produce custom-fit garments more effectively, ensuring they remained true to the original design. Another of her inventions aided in Australia’s war effort. This was her “stitch-less button”, known as the press-stud today, and her “stitch-less hook and eye.” This gave soldiers the ability to rapidly take on and off the now pull-apart fronts of their khakis. She also created a Defence Fence, which had survived the lengthy assessment process, from many culled entries, following the department’s shout-out for ideas [2].

Myra's Background

Myra Farrell was born in Ireland on 25 February 1878 and was registered as Maria Julia, the third of six children of Marcus Frederick Welsh and Harriett Curtis (née Dove) of Scragh House, County Clare. Farrell's family were Protestant, descendants of the Reverend George, chaplain to William III of England.
Many of her family were clergy, or military. They were major land-owners in County Clare, and many served as magistrates and as High Sheriff of Clare. Farrell's father travelled to New Zealand where he took part in the New Zealand Wars and married Harriett Curtis Dove, the daughter of an engineer. Marcus Welsh then returned to Ireland with his wife, to take up his estate at Kilrush. The destruction of the Scragh House by arson caused the family to flee to their Studdert relatives who provided a home for them for several years in the ruinous Bunratty Castle.

In the 1880s the family migrated to Australia, where Farrell's mother, Harriett Welsh, had been born, and where one of Marcus Welsh's brothers was already living. They disembarked in Adelaide and travelled north to Broken Hill. Silver had recently been discovered to the west at Umberumberka. Marcus and Harriett established a school at the new town of Silverton and for a time had the author Mary Gilmore as their assistant.  They then moved into Broken Hill and established St Peter's School, where Myra was educated. Harriett Welsh was particularly esteemed as a music teacher.  Farrell's brothers remained in Broken Hill, while her sisters married and moved to Sydney and Perth.

Inventions

Method of working
Farrell's earliest ideas for practical inventions came to her as a child when at the age of ten she came up with the idea of a self-locking safety pin. She later described her lifelong method of working, in a newspaper interview. Farrell would perceive a need for a particular product, would think about it, and sleep on it. Farrell claimed that in her dreams she would see the solution to the problem in great detail, including the way in which the object should be constructed. She would get out of bed and write down the details of construction, or the formula of a medication. She wrote on whatever was near to hand, including sometimes the bed-linen or the wall, and her somnambulant writing was always right to left, rather than left to right. In the morning, she would copy it out, with the aid of a mirror. She also drew all the detailed diagrams and created the models for submission for the patents process.

Practical devices
Farrell's first patent was for a tailoring device that enabled a small skirt pattern in a pattern book to be transferred directly to a piece of cloth. Her inventions included a number of practical household devices including a folding clothesline for use in flats.

Her physical aids included a boneless corset for sufferers of scoliosis, a brace for hernias and a device that effected a facelift by simple mechanical means. Farrell also developed a sling for carrying a baby, at a time when these were not in common use in Western countries. According to the author Ruth Park, this device promoted the comment from Americans that Australian mothers had learnt from kangaroos to carry their babies in pouches.

Inventions for rural industry included an automated fruit picker and packer, and a device for sampling and weighing wheat. Farrell also invented the press-stud that can be attached to a garment without stitching, and the folding pram hood. By 1915 Farrell had 24 patented inventions.

Medications
While living in Broken Hill, Farrell suffered acute respiratory problems. She dreamt of the formula of an inhalation of which the properties of the various ingredients had the effect of cutting mucous, reducing inflammation and promoting healing. She manufactured tablets to this formula; they were burned in a clarifier and the fumes were inhaled.  Farrell then met William Taylor, a young man from Perthshire in Scotland, who had come to Australia suffering from tuberculosis. Farrell treated Taylor with her inhalant. He experienced a remarkable improvement, they were married in 1906, and he lived for another six years. Subsequently, the product was marketed as "Membrosus". Farrell also had great success with an ointment, known as "Myra's ointment", with which she successfully treated a woman who contacted her, suffering from a rare fungal disease of the skin.

Military aids
During World War I Farrell worked on the invention of a barricade that could repel ammunition and lessen the impact of shells. The Australian Department of Defence took Farrell's plans for investigation, but whether the barricade was developed and utilised was not acknowledged.

At about the same time, she developed a light that could be projected to a great distance. She initially saw its use as being for advertising purposes, but the military also took the plans and Farrell's prototype. The unconfirmed family legend is that the light was tested from the North Head of Sydney Harbour, causing confusion to the crew of a vessel out at sea who mistook the beam for that of the South Head lighthouse.

Personal
Myra Farrell, then Taylor, was described in an article in the Western Age:

Farrell married twice, firstly William Taylor with whom she had children Lavie Curtis Taylor and William Paterson Welsh Taylor, and secondly William George Farrell with whom she had a son, the violinist George Harry Welsh Farrell. After the death of her first husband in Adelaide, Farrell lived at various times in Western Australia and at Bondi in Sydney, spending her later life in Mosman.

Aside from her inventions, Myra was a keen painter. Having learnt from an artist who painted stage scenery, she had a broad Impressionist style using intense colours and with little mixing of the paint. All her known remaining works are small landscapes.

Farrell was known in Theosophical circles and subscribed to the building of a grandstand at Balmoral Beach to witness the arrival of Krishnamurti in Sydney. She financially supported the utopian William Lane in his enterprise to found an ideal colony in Paraguay. In this she argued at length with Mary Gilmore, who also supported William Lane but was scornful of Farrell's religious ideology.

She was regarded as an eccentric, even within the family. Her eccentricities included keeping the foot of an Egyptian mummy on the mantelpiece, where it gathered dust because the housemaid refused to touch it. It was thrown out with the garbage and was subject to a police investigation when it was discovered by the garbage collector.

Farrell died at her home at Mosman on 8 March 1957.

Accolades
Myra Farrell was described in the Geraldton Guardian:

The Western Age, Dubbo:

References

External links
Broken Hill Family History Group

1878 births
1957 deaths
People from County Clare
People from Broken Hill, New South Wales
20th-century Australian inventors
Irish emigrants to colonial Australia
Women inventors
Australian women of World War I


title: Gizem Saka

text:
Gizem Saka (born 9 April 1978, Istanbul) is a contemporary Turkish artist and an economist. She is a senior lecturer at the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania, and a visiting lecturer at Harvard University, teaching art markets.

Biography
Born and raised in Istanbul, Turkey, Gizem Saka obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in economics from Koç University in 1999. She moved to the United States the same year. In 2008, she received her PhD in behavioral and experimental economics from Cornell University.

While attending college, Saka started drawing and studied pottery and sculptural form. In 2000, she started taking classes at the department of Art and Architecture at Cornell University. In 2005, she had her first solo exhibition in Montreal's Gallery Gora. Since 2005, she has been exhibiting in international venues.

As a young athlete, Saka was the Turkish national champion in gymnastics and between 1989 and 1993, a member of the Turkish national gymnastics team.

Art
Saka's art has the decorative elements of the Middle East and the colors of the Mediterranean. Saka uses her background as a muse. Her main themes are women, reading, Ottoman period Iznik tiles and figures. In an interview, she mentioned that due to the large number of women in her family, she mainly observed feminine joys and sorrows. Her ongoing "Women" collection includes observations of women in everyday life, either having tea, or chatting with friends, kissing their lovers, reading books, having coffee, looking at mirrors.

In the collection Istanbul Houses, Saka depicts naive, primitive cityscapes of her hometown.
Her collection "Read my Fortune" was a visual imagery of espresso cups with ground coffee, used in certain cultures as a vessel of fortunetelling.

Her 2013 exhibit at Boston University consisted of large scale canvases depicting 16th century Ottoman sailing ships.

Her new collection is titled Literature in Painting where she lines the canvas as if in a notebook, and writes favorite passages from literary works.

Saka exhibits in local, not-for-profit venues, in international art fairs, galleries, and public spaces. Her paintings are in private collections all around the world.

Exhibitions
 Boston University, MA.
 Berkshires Art Festival, MA.
 Wellesley Free Library, MA
 Paradise City Arts Festival, Northampton, MA
 Besiktas City Hall, Istanbul
 Cape Cod Arts Festival. Hyannis, Ma
 New York International Art Expo. NY.
 Lewiston Art Festival, NY
 Art for Autism, PA
 New York Art Expo, NY
 New York Art Expo, NY
 Bella Arte Gallery, PA
 Lance Armstrong Foundation, TX
 Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL
 Gallery Gora, Montreal,
 Gallery Bahariye, Istanbul

Also exhibited at:
 Benjamin Arts Gallery, Hagerstown, Maryland
 Artpic, Los Angeles
 Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 Chez-Zee Gallery, Austin, Texas
 Vermont Book Shop, Middlebury, VT
 Lance Armstrong Foundation (Livestrong) fundraising gala, Austin, TX.
 Prints Gallery: Urban Station, Istanbul

Academics
While a PhD student at Cornell University, Gizem Saka taught strategy at the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management; and global economics at the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University.
Between 2008 and 2011, she taught behavioral economics and experimental economics at Middlebury College in Vermont. In the academic year 2011–12, she taught at Wellesley College in Massachusetts.

Since 2011, she teaches business economics, art economics, and macroeconomics courses at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania.

Saka is interested in the intersection of art and economics, and teaches "Art Markets" at Harvard University.

Her graduate thesis "Essays on Procrastination, Commitment and Fairness", was published as a book. She wrote a blog for PsychologyToday.com on behavioral economics; and was a guest at National Public Radio's Vermont Edition with Jane Lindholm in 2011, "Exploring The Connection Between Altruism And Cheating".

She received the Howard and Abby Milstein, and Ernest Liu Family teaching awards at Cornell University.

Presentations and public lectures
 2013 – University of Pennsylvania, Neurosurgery Grand Rounds, "Consumer Judgment" lecture
 2013 – Wharton School of Business, Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business Preceptorial. "Can a $5 garage sale painting ever be worth $40 million? The irresistible economics of the art world"
 2012 – Davis Museum, MA "Exploring the relationship between economics and art through Sol LeWitt”
 2011 – Babson College, MBA Lecture in Behavioral Economics
 2011 – University of Vermont, Honors College, "The Pursuit of Knowledge: Disciplines, Universities, and Engagement,” Social Sciences Plenary Lecturer
 2010 – University of Cambridge, UK, Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Conference

References

External links
Gizem Saka's Official Website
Gizem Saka's Academic Website Harvard
Gizem Saka's Academic Website UPENN

1978 births
Living people
21st-century Turkish women artists
21st-century American women artists
Artists from Boston
Turkish women painters
Contemporary painters
Turkish expatriates in the United States
Koç University alumni
Cornell University alumni
American people of Turkish descent


title: Basta Assembly constituency

text:
Basta is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Balasore district, Odisha.

Area of this constituency includes Baliapal block and 11 GPs (Mukulishi, Brahmanda, Sadanandapur, Baharda, Rautpada, Mathani, Sahada, Naikudi, Gadapada, Darada and Irda) of Basta block.

In 2014 election, Biju Janata Dal candidate Nityananda Sahu defeated Indian National Congress candidate Jaynarayan Mohanty margin of 6433 votes.

Elected Members

Sixteen(16) elections held during 1951 to 2014. Elected members from the Basta constituency are:

2014: (37): Nityananda Sahoo (BJD)
2009: (37): Raghunath Mohanty (BJD)
2004: (13): Raghunath Mohanty (BJD)
2000: (13): Raghunath Mohanty (BJD)
1995: (13): Raghunath Mohanty (Janata Dal)
1990: (13): Raghunath Mohanty (Janata Dal)
1985: (13): Bhupal Chandra Mahapatra  (Congress)
1980: (13): Bhupal Chandra Mahapatra  (Congress-I)
1977: (13): Maheswar Baug (Janata Party)
1974: (13): Chintamani Jena  (Congress)
1971: (13): Chintamani Jena  (Utkal Congress)
1967: (13): Chintamani Jena  (Congress)
1961: (128): Maheswar Baug (PSP)
1958: (Bye-election): Akshaya Narayan Praharaj (Congress)
1957: (91): Akshaya Narayan Praharaj (Congress)
1951: (53): Trilochan Senapati (Congress)

2019 Election Result

2014 Election Result
In 2014 election, Biju Janata Dal candidate Nityananda Sahoo defeated Indian National Congress candidate Jay Narayan Mohanty by a margin of 6,433 votes.

Summary of results of the 2009 Election

Notes

References

Assembly constituencies of Odisha
Balasore district


title: Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1864–1865

text:
This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, from the elections of 5 & 21 October and 3 November 1864 to the elections of 30 December 1865, 15 and 29 January 1866. Victoria was a British self-governing colony in Australia at the time.

Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate.

 Vale resigned in August 1865, re-elected in September 1865.

Francis Murphy was Speaker.

References

Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term
19th-century Australian politicians


title: Doni Sagali

text:
Doni Saagali ()  is a 1998 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by Rajendra Singh Babu. The storyline is based on the novel Vimukthe by Dr. C. N. Muktha.  The film stars Soundarya and Shashikumar.

The film was released in 1998 and met with critical appraisals. The film went to win Karnataka State Awards in 3 categories : Best Third film, best actress for Soundarya and best cinematographer for D. V. Rajaram. The film's soundtrack and score were composed by V. Manohar who also wrote the songs. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Mahila.

Cast
 Shashikumar
 Soundarya as Kshama
 Girish Shetty
 Siddharth
 Suman Nagarkar as Deepti
 Mynavathi
 Shankar Ashwath as Mohan
 Harish Raj
 Shanthamma
 Tennis Krishna
 Rajanand as Deepti's father

Soundtrack

Reception
The Hindu wrote "The story follows such a natural course that one can almost predict what is coming next. The lack of tautness in narrative adds to the flab. The film falls flat, lacking the sensitivity needed for a story like this. “Doni Saagali” turns out to be a mushy film like many of its kind with little to differentiate it from the ordinary."

The Times of India wrote, " Soundarya bas done justice to her role, breathing heart and soul into it. However, in the second half of the movie her acting gains a tinge of ‘histrionics' when she indulges in theatrical acts like screaming in a hospital and doing odd things in a zoo. After a long pause, Shashi Kumar stages a comeback and makes his presence felt as a jilted lover. A good watch, no doubt."

References

External links
 Doni Sagali songs

1990s Kannada-language films
1998 films
Indian drama films
Films based on Indian novels
Films directed by Rajendra Singh Babu
Films scored by V. Manohar


title: 1874 Victorian football season

text:
The 1874 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1874. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier was .

1874 premiership
Five metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1874 season: Albert-park, , ,  and . North Melbourne and St Kilda were newly elevated from junior ranks to senior ranks for this season.

Carlton, who were undefeated during the season, was considered the premier club, with Melbourne runners-up, mostly by virtue of Carlton winning all four matches it played against Melbourne during the year.

Melbourne was considered to have had a slightly better record against the remaining clubs, with Carlton having four draws against these clubs, but such was Carlton and Melbourne's dominance at the time that their matches against the other clubs had little influence on the premiership.

Carlton's record across all matches in 1874 was twelve wins and five draws from seventeen games; Melbourne's record was twelve wins, five losses and one draw from eighteen games.

Club senior records
The below table is set of results for senior clubs during the 1874 season. The list shows the record across all matches, including those against senior, junior and intercolonial clubs.

The Australasian and The Leader newspapers indicated Albert-park was the third best club, with North Melbourne fourth best, and St Kilda fifth: although North Melbourne's win–loss record appears superior to Albert-park's, its easier fixture (namely, four of its 11 matches were against junior teams) was taken into account.

Lists published in The Argus from 1889  and in the Football Record in 1912-1923 recorded St Kilda as the third-placed club in 1874, but contemporary sources dispute this.
 East Melbourne was the best performing junior club of the 1874 season, with a record of 9–5–3.
  was the best performing provincial team of the season. It was undefeated in provincial matches, and it held the newly established Western District Challenge Cup throughout the season, but lost three matches against metropolitan clubs. Some sources from 1874 place Geelong in fourth (across all matches) or fifth (only matches against senior clubs) out of six clubs.

External links
 History of Australian rules football in Victoria (1853-1900)

References

Australian rules football competition seasons
1874 in sports
1874 in Australian sport
Victoria


title: Uday Mahesh

text:
Udhayabhanu Maheswaran (born February 21, 1970), known by his stage name Udhay Mahesh, is an Indian actor and director. He directed two Tamil films: Naalai (2006) and Chakkara Viyugam (2008). As an actor, he is best known for his portrayal of Vishwanathan in the STAR Vijay series Office. His portrayal of the character Chellam in The Family Man received social media attention and acclaim.

Career
Udhayabhanu made his directorial debut with Naalai starring Richard Rishi and Madhumitha, film introduced cinematographer Natarajan Subramaniam as an actor. The film, a gangster subject was released in 2006 to mixed reviews
and became average grosser. He again directed Natraj in Chakkara Viyugam, a crime thriller which was completely shot around Kolkata. The film was briefly delayed due to Natrajan's cameraman assignments and also crew complained the behaviour of film's actress Daisy Bopanna. The film was released in 2008 to mixed reviews.

As an actor, he played a small role in critically acclaimed Moodar Koodam. His portrayal of IT company Country Head Vishwanathan in STAR Vijay series Office had received critical acclaim and gained accolades from audience.

Filmography

As director

As writer only
Yahaan (2005) (Hindi)
Abhiyum Anuvum (2018)

As actor

Web series
The Family Man (2021) (Hindi) as Chellam
Farzi (2023) (Hindi) as Chellam (cameo appearance)

Television
Agni Paravai
Office - Vishwanathan
Pagal Nilavu: Andal Azhagar Adutha Thalaimurai- Sakthivel
Mouna Raagam (TV Series)- Manohar

References

External links
 Uday Mahesh on Facebook
 Uday Mahesh on Twitter

Tamil film directors
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Film directors from Tamil Nadu
Living people
21st-century Indian male actors
Male actors from Tamil Nadu
1972 births


title: Pargolovo

text:
Pargolovo (, , )  is a municipal settlement in the Vyborgsky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Until the late 20th century, it was the city's northern suburb. The name derives from Parkola, a Karelian placename. Its population in 2010 was 15,852.

Pargolovo was a family seat of the junior line of the Counts Shuvalov, starting with Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov who received the Pargolovo manor from Empress Elizabeth in 1746. His Baroque palace was rebuilt by Stepan Krichinsky (1874-1923) as a Neoclassical villa for the estate's last owner, Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov. A smaller palace, designed by Harald Julius von Bosse, dates from the mid-19th century.

The Shuvalov Park also contains a network of old ponds; the Yellow Dacha, a wooden lodge designed by Maximilian Messmacher for his own family; the Parnassus hill, which used to offer views of the capital's downtown; and the Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, built in the 1840s to a Gothic Revival design by Alexander Brullov. It was at this church that Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov married Nadezhda Purgold in 1872.

Just west of Pargolovo lies the Northern Cemetery, the second largest in Saint Petersburg. It was established in 1874. Notable burials include Georgy Gapon (1906), Vasily Vereshchagin (1909), Vladimir Propp (1970), Mikhail Artamonov (1972), Alexander Belov (1978), Sergey Filippov (1990).

Notable people

Vladimir Zabugin (1880–1923), Russian historian and publicist

References

Municipal settlements under jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg
Vyborgskiy District of Saint Petersburg
Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd


title: Japanese in Chicago

text:
Among the Japanese in the Chicago metropolitan area, there are Japanese-American and Japanese expatriate populations.  Early Japanese began arriving around the time of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.  During World War II, Japanese-Americans opted to live in Chicago rather than be interned, primarily in camps on the Pacific Coast. In the 20th century, Japanese and Japanese Americans formed local institutions that continue into the 21st century.

History
The first group of Japanese in Chicago arrived in 1892. They came as part of the Columbian Exposition so they could build the Ho-o-den Pavilion in Chicago. In 1893 the first known Japanese individual in Chicago, Kamenosuke Nishi, moved to Chicago from San Francisco. He opened a gift store, and Masako Osako, author of "Japanese Americans: Melting into the All-American Melting Pot," wrote that he was "said to have amassed $700,000 from the successful management" of his 27th Street and Cottage Grove location.

Some Japanese in Chicago operated businesses such as restaurants, gift shops, and housing units. Some Japanese came to study at universities in the Chicago area. In 1893 Eiji Asada completed a PhD at the University of Chicago.

The pre-World War II Japanese population mostly lived in the Hyde Park/Kenwood/Woodlawn region. Many of the Japanese were students of the University of Chicago or had graduated from that school. Irving Cutler, author of Chicago, Metropolis of the Mid-continent, wrote that in that period, compared to the West Coast, Chicago had little discrimination against the Japanese. In 1927 there were 300 Japanese Americans in Chicago. In 1940 there were 390 Japanese Americans in Chicago. Osako characterized the pre-World War II growth of the Japanese-American community as being slow.

World War II
During World War II, the first field office of the War Relocation Authority (WRA) opened in Chicago and the city invited Japanese leaving the Japanese internment camps. The first wave of Japanese Americans from the internment camps arrived on June 12, 1942. During the war, the number of ethnic Japanese increased to 20,000. Unlike on the west coast, the Japanese had freedom of movement and could work. Japanese worked in factories making materials to support the war, including aircraft and electronics. They were often placed in areas in between white and black neighborhoods, including Lake View, the Near North Side, Oakland, North Kenwood, and Woodlawn.

The Japanese Americans in Chicago largely relied on each other and avoided support from civic organizations, church organizations, and the WRA. Charlotte Brooks, author of "In the Twilight Zone between Black and White: Japanese American Resettlement and Community in Chicago, 1942-1945," wrote that Chicagoans did not perceive the Japanese-Americans as being "Japanese", but rather as non-White, and being "Orientals" but not black. She stated that Chicagoans, accustomed to living in a city with predominately Whites of a superior status and blacks with an inferior status, had difficulty classifying Japanese in their racial structure. She added that the discrimination against the Japanese mainly came because they were non-White, not because they were Japanese. Some anti-Japanese violence occurred, including the destruction of windows of a Japanese gift shop. During that period Chicago-area Chinese and Filipinos stressed that they were not Japanese. The Japanese of the era had a tendency to gravitate towards the White world and away from the black world, understanding that blacks in Chicago had an inferior status. Ultimately 30,000 Japanese had moved from the internment camps to Chicago.

Post-World War II
After World War II ended, many Japanese who had originated from the internment camps returned to the West Coast, so the Japanese population decreased. The influx of Japanese ended in 1950. Almost half of the Japanese who had settled in Chicago from the internment camps moved back to the West Coast. By 1960, there were about 15,000 Japanese in Chicago and the resettlement to the West Coast largely ceased.

In 1981, public hearings were held by the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians at Chicago's Northeastern Illinois University as part of a government investigation into the constitutionality of the World War II internment of Japanese Americans. Nearly 100 people participated in the Chicago hearings.

A 1993 article called "Racial Change to the Suburbs" quoted Japanese Americans as being experts on the Asian Americans moving to the suburbs. Jacalyn D. Harden, author of Double Cross: Japanese Americans in Black and White Chicago, wrote that it was "seen by many" as "privileging" the "Japanese Americans over other Asian groups."

By 1995 Japanese Americans began moving to the suburbs. Most of them were white collar households who had higher incomes and better educations who wish to find superior schools for their offspring. As of 1995, about 25% of the Japanese American households are in the suburbs. As a result, Osako stated that the next generations of Nisei in the Chicago area will have less contact with the wider Japanese American community in the central city than before.

As of 2006 there is a high intermarriage rate among the Japanese, and there is a large amount of assimilation into the larger American community.

Geography
As of the 2000 U.S. Census, 5,500 people of Japanese descent lived in the city of Chicago, and 17,500 people of Japanese descent lived in Chicago suburbs such as Arlington Heights, Evanston, Hoffman Estates, Lincolnwood, and Skokie. Most Japanese within the City of Chicago live in lakefront areas in the North Side, including Edgewater, Lake View, Near North Side, Uptown, and West Ridge.

Jay Shimotake, the president of the Mid America Japanese Club (MAJC), an organization located in Arlington Heights now known as the Chicago Japanese Club (シカゴ日本人会 Shikago Nihonjin Kai), said "Arlington Heights is a very convenient location, and Japanese people in the business environment know it's a nice location surrounding O'Hare airport."

There was previously a "Little Tokyo" near the intersection of Clark and Division. It has gradually diminished since Sandburg Village was developed.

Nationals
As of 2006 several thousand Japanese nationals working as representatives of companies live in the Chicago area.

Institutions

The Consulate General of Japan at Chicago (在シカゴ日本国総領事館 Zai Shikago Nippon-koku Sōryōjikan) is in the Olympia Centre in the Near North Side of Chicago.

There was a Japanese Mutual Aid Society. In the pre-World War II era there was a YMCA mission that served Japanese students. During the 1930s the mission closed.

Economy
In the Chicago area, 60% of Japanese people work in professional and white collar jobs.

Many Japanese companies have their U.S. headquarters in Hoffman Estates and Schaumburg. The Mitsuwa Marketplace, a shopping center owned by Japanese in Arlington Heights, opened around 1981.

Media
The Chicago Shimpo is a Japanese-American newspaper published in Arlington Heights. Other media include the Japanese American Service Committee Newsletter; Weekly J-Angle (ジャングル）; Q Magazine (Qマガジン); The JACLer, the newsletter of the JACL; Prairie Magazine (プレーリー); Pavilion (パビリオン); and US Shimbun's Chicago section.

Anime set in Chicago
This List contains the anime and manga the city of Chicago has been based on Japanese culture.

91 Days (2016)
Attack on Titan (2013-2023)
Baccano! (2008)
Beastars (2019)
Cells at Work! Code Black (2021)
Estab Life (2022)
Goblin Slayer (2018)
Go! Go! Loser Ranger! (2021)Gunsmith Cats (1995-1996)Josee, the Tiger and the Fish (2020 film) (2020)Riding Bean (1989)Super Crooks (2022)The Eminence in Shadow (2022-present)

Education

The Chicago Futabakai Japanese School is located in Arlington Heights, Illinois. The Chicago Futabakai Japanese School Saturday school first opened in the North Side in May 1966. The Saturday school moved to Skokie, Illinois, in May 1978. At that time, the day school opened in Skokie, with four teachers sent by the Japanese government. In August 1984 the Saturday school and day school moved to Niles, Illinois. The current campus in Arlington Heights opened on Monday April 6, 1998, and classes at that location began on Friday April 10, 1998.

There was a Japanese school in the pre-World War II era.

Religion
The Buddhist Temple of Chicago was founded in 1944.  The Midwest Buddhist Temple, a Japanese Buddhist temple, opened in 1972. In the pre-World War II era there were Japanese Christian churches and Buddhist temples.

See also

 Demographics of Chicago
 Murder of Evelyn Okubo

References
 Brooks, Charlotte. "In the Twilight Zone between Black and White: Japanese American Resettlement and Community in Chicago, 1942-1945." Journal of American History. 86:4 (March 2000): p. 1655-1687. - Available at JSTOR, Available at EBSCOHost
 Harden, Jacalyn D. Double Cross: Japanese Americans in Black and White Chicago. University of Minnesota Press, 2003. , 9780816640430.
 Hurd, Owen. Chicago History for Kids: Triumphs and Tragedies of the Windy City Includes 21 Activities. Chicago Review Press, July 1, 2007. , 9781613740408.
 Murata, Alice K. Japanese Americans in Chicago (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing, 2002. , 9780738519524.
 Osako, Masako. "Japanese Americans: Melting into the All-American Melting Pot." In: Holli, Melvin G. and Peter d'Alroy Jones (editors). Ethnic Chicago: A Multicultural Portrait. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995. Start p. 409. , 9780802870537.

Notes

Further reading
 Nishi, Setsuko Matsunaga. Japanese American achievement in Chicago: a cultural response to degradation. University of Chicago, 1963. Available in snippet view at Google Books.
 Chicago Japanese-American Year Book''. 1947. Available in snippet view at Google Books.

External links
  (CJAHS)

  - Previously the Mid America Japanese Club

Asian-American culture in Chicago
Chicago
Japanese-American culture in Illinois
Japanese-American history
Ethnic groups in Chicago


title: Renzi government

text:
The Renzi government was the 63rd government of the Italian Republic, in office from February 2014 to December 2016. It was led by Matteo Renzi, secretary and leader of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD).

The government was composed of members of the PD together with the New Centre-Right (NCD), the Union of the Centre (UdC), Civic Choice (SC), the Populars for Italy (PpI, until June 2015), Solidary Democracy (DemoS since July 2014), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Democratic Centre (CD, since October 2015) and non-party independents. At its formation, the Renzi government was the youngest government of Italy to date, with an average age of forty-seven, and the youngest-ever Prime Minister. It was also the first Italian government in which the number of female ministers was equal to the number of male ministers, not including the prime minister; that later changed, as eventually three female ministers resigned, each replaced by a male minister.

On 19 April 2016, the Senate rejected two motions of no confidence against the government following the "Tempa Rossa scandal"; the first one (entered by the Five Star Movement) was defeated with a 96–183 votes, while the second one (entered by Forza Italia, Northern League and Conservative and Reformists) was defeated with a 93–180 vote.

History

At a meeting on 13 February 2014, following tensions between Prime Minister Enrico Letta and PD Secretary Matteo Renzi, the Democratic Party leadership voted heavily in favour of Renzi's call for "a new government, a new phase and a radical programme of reform". Minutes after the Party backed the Renzi proposal by 136 votes to 16, with two abstentions, Palazzo Chigi – the official residence of the Prime Minister – announced that Letta would travel to the Quirinale the following day to tender his resignation to President Giorgio Napolitano.

In an earlier speech, Renzi had paid tribute to Letta, saying that he was not intended to put him "on trial". But, without directly proposing himself as the next Prime Minister, he said the Eurozone's third-largest economy urgently needed "a new phase" and "radical programme" to push through badly needed reforms. The motion he put forward made clear "the necessity and urgency of opening a new phase with a new executive". Speaking privately to party leaders, Renzi said that Italy was "at a crossroads" and faced either holding fresh elections or a new government without a return to the polls. On 14 February, President Napolitano accepted Letta's resignation from the office of Prime Minister.

Following Letta's resignation, Renzi formally received the task of forming a new government from President Napolitano on 17 February. Renzi held several days of talks with party leaders, all of which he broadcast live on the internet, before unveiling his government on 21 February, which contained members of his Democratic Party, the New Centre-Right, the Union of the Centre and Civic Choice. His government became Italy's youngest government to date, with an average age of 47. It was also the first in which the number of female ministers was equal to the number of male ministers, excluding the Prime Minister.

The following day Renzi was formally sworn in as Prime Minister, becoming the youngest Prime Minister in the history of Italy. His rise to become Prime Minister was widely seen as a sign of much-needed generational change, and at the time he took office he enjoyed by far the highest approval rating of any politician in the country.

On 25 February Renzi won a vote of confidence in the Italian Parliament, with 169 votes in the Senate and 378 in the Chamber of Deputies.

On 20 March 2015, Prime Minister Renzi became ad interim Minister of Infrastructure and Transport after the resignation of Maurizio Lupi, due to a corruption scandal involving public works on infrastructure, in which his name was cited several times. Renzi hold the office until 2 April, when Graziano Delrio was appointed as new minister.

Investiture votes

Party breakdown

Beginning of term

Ministers

Ministers and other members
 Democratic Party (PD): Prime minister, 8 ministers, 4 deputy ministers, 21 undersecretaries
 New Centre-Right (NCD): 3 ministers, 2 deputy ministers, 7 undersecretaries
 Civic Choice (SC): 1 minister, 1 deputy minister, 3 undersecretaries
 Union of the Centre (UdC): 1 minister
 Populars for Italy (PpI): 1 deputy minister, 3 undersecretaries
 Italian Socialist Party (PSI): 1 deputy minister
 Independents: 3 ministers, 5 undersecretaries

End of term

Ministers

Ministers and other members
 Democratic Party (PD): Prime minister, 9 ministers, 3 deputy ministers, 23 undersecretaries
 New Centre-Right (NCD): 3 ministers, 1 deputy minister, 9 undersecretaries
 Union of the Centre (UdC): 1 minister
 Solidary Democracy (DemoS): 2 deputy ministers
 Civic Choice (SC): 1 deputy minister
 Italian Socialist Party (PSI): 1 deputy minister
 Democratic Centre (CD): 1 undersecretary
 Civics and Innovators (CI): 1 undersecretary
 Independents: 3 ministers, 1 deputy minister, 4 undersecretaries

Geographical breakdown

Beginning of term
 Northern Italy: 8 ministers
 Emilia-Romagna: 4 ministers
 Lombardy: 2 ministers
 Liguria: 2 ministers
 Central Italy: 7 ministers (incl. Renzi)
 Lazio: 4 ministers
 Tuscany: 3 ministers
 Southern and Insular Italy: 2 ministers
 Sicily: 1 minister
 Calabria: 1 minister

Final breakdown
 Northern Italy: 8 ministers
 Emilia-Romagna: 4 ministers
 Liguria: 2 ministers
 Piedmont: 1 minister
 Lombardy: 1 minister
 Central Italy: 8 ministers (incl. Renzi)
 Lazio: 5 ministers
 Tuscany: 3 ministers
 Southern and Insular Italy: 1 minister
 Sicily: 1 minister

Council of Ministers

Composition

Chronology

February 2014
On 14 February 2014, the Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta, taking note of the approval by a large majority by the Central Committee of the Democratic Party of a proposal by the Democratic Party Secretary Renzi to give life to a new government, tendered his irrevocable resignation to the President of the Italian Republic Giorgio Napolitano, who accepted it and gave life immediately to consultations with speakers of the House of Deputies and of the Senate, as well as with delegations of MPs for each political party.  The Northern League Party and the Five Star Movement decide not to take part in such consultations.

On 17 February 2014, the President of the Republic assigned the task of forming a new government to the Secretary of the Democratic Party Matteo Renzi, who reserved the right to accept, also informing the Speakers of both Houses.
On 18 February 2014 and 19 February 2014 the Prime Minister held consultations with the parliamentary groups of both Houses of Parliament.
On 21 February 2014, Matteo Renzi went to the President of the Republic and communicated his decision to become Prime Minister, presenting a list of 16 Ministers.

On 22 February 2014, Matteo Renzi and 15 ministers took the oath before the President of the Republic at the Quirinale Palace.  After the handover with the former Prime Minister Enrico Letta, Renzi presided over the first government meeting, in which the Ministers without portfolio were assigned their briefs and Graziano Delrio was appointed Under-Secretary of State at the Prime Minister's Office, as well as Cabinet Secretary.

On 24 February 2014, Prime Minister Renzi presented his Government's program in the Senate and, after almost 11 hours of debate, his government obtained the Senate's vote of confidence, with 169 voting in favor and 139 against.
On 25 February 2014, the government also obtained the vote of confidence vote of the House of Deputies, with 378 votes in favour, 220 against and 1 abstention.

On 28 February 2014, the Italian government appointed forty four under-secretaries, who in the evening took the oath before Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.

March 2014

On 3 March 2014, after several days of controversy, the new Under Secretary for Infrastructures and Transports, Antonio Gentile tendered his resignation.

On 12 March 2014, after two days of voting, the Chamber of Deputies approved in first reading the new electoral law Italicum with 365 votes in favour, 156 against and 40 abstentions. A number of controversies surrounded the failure to introduce preferential votes favouring gender equality.

On 12 March 2014, the Italian government issued a law- decree on fixed-term contracts, called the Poletti Decree, as well as a Bill proposing a reform on the Italian labor market called "Jobs Act"  A reduction in the tax burden of about €80 was announced for those earning less than 1500 Euros per month.

On 26 March 2014, despite the controversy raised by several parties belonging to the majority coalition, the government won a confidence vote in the Senate on the Delrio Bill reforming the provinces, with 160 voting in favour and 133 against. Subsequently, the Chamber of Deputies approved the Bill on 3 April 2014.

April 2014

On 18 April 2014, the Italian government approved a law-decree which provided for the reduction of Income Tax for employees and assimilated workers earning up to €24,000 gross per year. The net monthly salary was foreseen to increase by €80, through a tax credit from the month of May 2014.

On 30 April 2014, Matteo Renzi, together with the Minister for the Public Administration Marianna Madia, presented the guidelines for the reform of the Public Administration, subsequently approved by the government on 13 June 2014.

May 2014

On 6 May 2014, the Constitutional Affairs Committee of the Senate approved the Government's Bill on the reform of the Italian Senate.

On 21 May 2014, an agreement was signed between the Government, Sardinia Region and the Qatar Foundation to bring €1 billion investment and thousands of jobs to Sardinia.

On 22 May 2014, the Italian government of Ministers approved the Law-decree on culture for the preservation of the Italian historic, artistic and cultural heritage.

On 25 May 2014, the Democratic Party, which was the main supporter of the government and was also the party of the Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, won the 2014 European elections with 40.81% of the votes.

August 2014

On 1 August 2014, the Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi explained in a press conference the guidelines of Law-decree called "Sblocca Italia" or "Unlock Italy", which, in the intentions of the Government, is to facilitate the implementation of major projects, civil works and infrastructure that are currently suspended, as well as achieve further administrative simplification. A month of public consultations would take place in relation to such guidelines.

On 8 August 2014, the Italian government approved a law-decree contrasting the phenomenon of lawlessness and violence at sporting events and provided for the international protection of migrants.

On 8 August 2014, the Senate approved the constitutional reform proposed by the government with 183 votes in favour, and 4 abstentions.

On 8 August 2014, the two Houses of Parliament approved of the decrees on Competitiveness, Public Administration and Prisons, which become law.

On 29 August 2014, the Italian government approved the "Unblock Italy" Law-Decree and Justice Reform, dividing it into a Law-Decree for the disposal of the backlog in civil proceedings, and Law-Decrees relating to the fight against organized crime and illegal assets, the civil liability of judges, the efficiency of civil trials, as well as a comprehensive reform of the judiciary and a reform of Book XI of the Italian Code of criminal Procedure.

September 2014

On 1 September 2014, the Italian Prime Minister explained in a press conference that the site "passodopopasso.italia.it" would allow citizens to monitor the progress of the government's program.

On 3 September 2014, the "Millegiorni" website provided guidelines on the reform of the school that will be subject to consultation for two months.

October 2014

On 8 October 2014, the Italian Senate approved the so-called Jobs Act, with 165 voting in favour and 111 against. The provision was criticized by the CGIL trade union and the Senators Felice Casson, Corradino Mineo and Lucrezia Ricchiuti , who did not take part in the vote.

On 8 October 2014, the Italian Prime Minister presented the Italian Finance Bill (or Legge di Stabilità).

December 2014

Following approval of the Jobs Act by the Italian Parliament (Delegation Law No. 183 10 December 2014), the Italian government issued on 24 December 2014, the first legislative decree concerning contracts with growing protection.

References

External links

2014 establishments in Italy
2016 disestablishments in Italy
Italian governments
Cabinets established in 2014
Cabinets disestablished in 2016


title: Margaret Gillies

text:
Margaret Gillies (7 August 1803 – 20 July 1887) was a London-born Scottish miniaturist and watercolourist.

Biography
Gillies was the second daughter of William Gillies, a Scottish merchant in Throgmorton Street, London, and his wife Charlotte Hester Bonnor (died 1811), daughter of Thomas Bonnor. Having lost their mother when Margaret was eight years old, and their father having met with business reverses, she and her older sister, Mary (1800–1870), were placed under the care of their uncle, Adam Gillies, Lord Gillies. They were educated by him, and then introduced to Edinburgh society.

Before she was twenty, Gillies decided to earn her own living, and returned with her sister to her father's home in London. Mary Gillies became an author, while Margaret took the direction of a professional artist. She received lessons in miniature-painting from Frederick Cruikshank, and gained a reputation for it. Cruikshank's style was based on that of Andrew Robertson.

In the early 1830s Thomas Southwood Smith, a physician, Unitarian and a pioneer in the improvement of the health of the poor, particularly in London,  separated from his second wife, Mary, and went to live with Gillies and her sister Mary.

The 1841 census records Margarett Gillies as aged 35 living at Hortet's Terrace, St.Pancras with Thomas Smith aged 50, Gertrude Hill aged 3, Harriet Lebe 21 and Sarah Hargrove 15.
Smith and Gillies lived together at Hillside, Fitzroy Park, Highgate from 1844. Smith, an ordained Unitarian minister, and Gillies associated with the group around the Monthly Repository, a Unitarian periodical; Mary Gillies was involved in editing it from 1836. Margaret Gillies illustrated in 1842 Smith's first report as a mines inspector, on a tour in Leicestershire and West Yorkshire.<ref>Darley, Gillian. Octavia Hill: Lessons in Campaigning.” Octavia Hill, Social Activism and the Remaking of British Society, edited by Elizabeth Baigent and Ben Cowell, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, 2016, pp. 27–44, at p. 31. </ref>

Around 1850 Gillies' studio was at 36 Percy Street, where she briefly gave a home to the "auto-icon" of Jeremy Bentham, on whose cadaver Southwood Smith had conducted a highly controversial public dissection in 1832.
She went in 1851 to Paris for a year, where she worked in the studios of Hendrik and Ary Scheffer, and on her return to England she exhibited some portraits in oils. She then concentrated on watercolour painting, typically choosing domestic, romantic, or sentimental subjects, for which she was best known. She joined the Society of Female Artists in 1856. In 1854, short of money, they had moved to The Pines, near Weybridge, but Gillies kept a studio in 6 Southampton Street, off Fitzroy Square, later renumbered 27 Conway Street.
The 1861 census records Mary Gillies 60, authoress and Margaret Gillies 56, Artist in Water Colours, living at Heath House, Weybridge with Thomas S Smith, 72, physician and widower, his son Herman Smith 40, Wine merchant, his granddaughter Gertrude Hill 23, lady, and also a cook and servant.
Thomas Southwood Smith died in Florence, Italy in 1861.

After Smith's death, Margaret and Mary Gillies lived for many years at 25 Church Row, Hampstead, and worshipped at the Unitarian Chapel, Rosslyn Hill. Living with her was Charles Lewes, son of George Lewes the lover of George Eliot, and his wife Gertrude, Southwood Smith's granddaughter. Mary died in 1870 and early in 1887 Margaret moved to The Warren, Crockham Hill, Kent, where she died later that year, on the 20th July, of pleurisy, after a few days' illness. Among her pupils was Marian Emma Chase, and she gave early encouragement to Anna Mary Howitt and the portraitist Mary Field, wife of the architect Horace Field.

In 1866 Margaret bought a grave plot in the dissenters' section of the western side of Highgate Cemetery for a stillborn baby of Charles and Gertrude Lewes. Mary was later interred in this grave on the 23rd July 1870, as was Catherine, the widow of the poet and critic Richard Hengist Horne, on the 6th September 1893. In the adjoining grave rests Caroline Southwood Hill (buried on 3rd January 1903), Southwood Smith's daughter and mother of the social reformers Miranda Hill and Octavia Hill, the latter of whom jointly founded the National Trust. The ashes of Caroline's youngest daughter Florence was the last interment in December 1935. Although Margaret Gillies is memorialised on this grave she is buried elsewhere, presumably in Crockham Hill.

Works

Before she was 24, Gillies was commissioned to paint a miniature of William Wordsworth, and stayed at Rydal Mount for several weeks. She has three oil paintings in British national collections—in Aberystwyth, Nottingham and the National Portrait Gallery. Pamela Gerrish Nunn wrote that she "combined an early-Victorian aesthetic with a mid-Victorian independence of mind".

Portrait artist
During the 1830s and 1840s Gillies was a career portrait artist, and for many successive years contributed portraits to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy. Her subjects included feminist figures: Mary Leman Grimstone, Mary Howitt and her daughter Anna Mary Howitt, Harriet Martineau of the Monthly Repository group. She also painted the poet and critic Richard Hengist Horne and Anne Marsh-Caldwell the novelist.

Her portrait of Charles Dickens, painted during the period when he was writing A Christmas Carol, was in the Royal Academy of Arts' 1844 summer exhibition. After viewing it there, Elizabeth Barrett Browning said that it showed Dickens with "the dust and mud of humanity about him, notwithstanding those eagle eyes". A simplified form was used as the frontispiece of a book, A New Spirit of the Age, in the same year. The painting's location was unknown, from later in Gillies' lifetime, when she was unable to trace it, until it was rediscovered in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, and acquired and restored by the art dealer Philip Mould in 2018.

Watercolourist
In 1852 Gillies was elected an associate of the Old Society of Painters in Water Colours, and was a contributor to its exhibitions for the rest of her life. Her exhibited works included:

 Past and Future, 1855, and The Heavens are telling, 1856, both of which were engraved
 Rosalind and Celia, 1857
 Una and the Red Cross Knight in the Cavern of Despair, An Eastern Mother, and Vivia Perpetua in Prison, 1858
 A Father and Daughter, 1859
 Imogen after the Departure of Posthumus, 1860
 Beyond, 1861
 The Wanderer, 1868
 Prospero and Miranda, 1874
 Cercando Pace, a drawing in three compartments, 1875
 The Pilgrimage, exhibited at the Royal Jubilee Exhibition at Manchester in 1887

Her last work was Christiana by the River of Life'', exhibited in 1887.

Notes

Attribution

External links

Portrait miniaturists
Scottish watercolourists
1803 births
1887 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Scottish portrait painters
Scottish women painters
Women watercolorists
19th-century Scottish painters
19th-century British women artists


title: Jack Landells

text:
John Landells (11 November 1904 – 1986) was an English footballer who played as a forward.

Born in Gateshead, County Durham, Landells played for Grays Athletic, Millwall, West Ham United, Bristol City, Carlisle United, Walsall, Clapton Orient and Chelmsford City. He signed for Millwall from amateur Essex club Grays Athletic . He played eight years for Millwall, from 1925 to 1933 where he scored a total of 71 goals in 184 appearances in all competitions. He is Millwall's eighth all-time leading scorer. He played for the "Professionals" in the 1929 FA Charity Shield. He left in the summer of 1933 to join their rivals West Ham. He only played with them for a season, scoring four goals in 22 games. He left to join Bristol City, where he enjoyed FA Cup giant killing success in his first season, when they knocked Portsmouth out in the Fourth Round.

References

1904 births
1960 deaths
Footballers from Gateshead
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Grays Athletic F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
English Football League players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players


title: Miners Institute Building

text:
The Miners Institute Building (also known as the Miners Theater) is a historic commercial building located at 204 West Main in Collinsville, Illinois.

Description and history
The state and local chapters of the United Mine Workers Association commissioned the three-story building, which opened in 1918. The building served as Collinsville's first public theater as well as office space and a meeting hall for union activities. Local community groups also used the building for meeting space, and Collinsville's public library began in the building. Coal mining was Collinsville's first major industry, and it dominated the city's economy in the 1910s; the building is a remnant of the industry's influence over the city.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 29, 1985.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Renaissance Revival architecture in Illinois
Commercial buildings completed in 1918
National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Illinois
Buildings and structures in Madison County, Illinois
United Mine Workers of America


title: 1873 Victorian football season

text:
The 1873 Victorian football season was an Australian rules football competition played during the winter of 1873. The season consisted of matches between metropolitan and provincial football clubs in the colony of Victoria. The premier club was .

1873 premiership
Four metropolitan clubs participated in senior football during the 1873 season: Albert-park, ,  and University, but since University played too few games, its record is not shown below.

Notable for its absence was South Yarra; after being a powerhouse of the 1860s, the club folded in July 1873. Many of its players went to the nearby and newly established junior club, St Kilda, which was elevated to senior ranks in 1874.

Carlton and Melbourne were considered the dominant clubs in the city, so the premier club was decided based entirely on the head-to-head record between the clubs: in their four meetings, Carlton won two and two were drawn, so Carlton was recognised as the premier club for the season.

Club senior records
The below table shows the results for senior clubs during the 1873 season. The list shows club records across all matches (senior, junior, and at odds), but excludes abandoned matches played by Carlton against Albert-park and University.

 was the strongest provincial team, being undefeated in provincial matches and suffering its only loss of the season against Melbourne. According to the official tables published in the Argus from 1889 and in the Football Record from 1912–1923, Geelong was the third-placed club in the Victorian premiership in 1873.

Of the long list of junior clubs to compete at relatively even standard – Carlton Imperial, Collingwood, East Melbourne, , Hawthorn, , Richmond, , Southern, South-park, Studley-park and Williamstown – there was no clear premier club, with none managing an unbeaten record in matches against the other juniors. The numbers advantage to juniors clubs in matches at odds against senior clubs was reduced in 1873, with the junior club usually fielding eighteen men to the senior club's twenty.

Notable events
 From 1873, clubs began wearing distinctive uniforms to assist in distinguishing between the two teams. Prior to 1873, the colour of the players' caps was usually the only distinguishing feature.
 The sole match between Carlton and Albert-park was abandoned when Carlton disputed the umpire's decision to award a mark to Albert-park in front of goal. Albert-park refused to play another match against Carlton during the year following the incident.

External links
 History of Australian rules football in Victoria (1853-1900)

References

Australian rules football competition seasons
1873 in sports
1873 in Australian sport
Victoria


title: Irena Bernášková

text:
Irena "Inka" Bernášková (7 February 1904 – 26 August 1942) was a Czechoslovak journalist and resistance member who was active in the fight against the German occupation during World War II. She was the first Czech woman sentenced to death by the People's Court in Berlin.

Childhood and youth
Bernášková was born in Prague as the second of three daughters of painter Vojtěch Preissig. During World War I, the family resided in Boston, United States. Their villa in Boston became an important center of meetings of politicians and statesmen fighting for Czechoslovak independence. Personalities such as Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Edvard Beneš and Milan Rastislav Štefánik visited their house. Irena returned to Czechoslovakia along with her sisters in 1921. In 1925, in Prague, she married her cousin, František Bernášek. Her parents did not approve of the marriage and her father even cut off all contact with her for four years. The couple settled in a villa in the Spořilov area of Prague. During the Munich crisis mobilization, Bernášková volunteered as a Red Cross nurse and helped refugees from the occupied Czechoslovak border area.

Resistance and death

During the occupation of Czechoslovakia by German troops she started to distribute leaflets and began collaborating with her father on publishing the illegal magazine V boj ("Into Combat") in 1939. She also helped to organize illegal transfers across the border with Slovakia. Although the Gestapo searched for her, she managed to avoid arrest and continued to publish the magazine.

She was arrested on 21 September 1940 in Prague, Poříčí Street, with false documents. During the interrogation, she tried to accept all the blame herself and saved a number of other resistance members. Still, members of her family were arrested - her husband died in the Buchenwald concentration camp, her father in the concentration camp in Dachau. Bernášková was the first Czech woman convicted and sentenced to death by the Nazis. She was sentenced on 5 March 1942, and then guillotined at the end of August 1942 in Plötzensee Prison, Berlin.

Aftermath
In 1946, she was awarded the Czechoslovak War Cross, in memoriam. In 1998 she was posthumously awarded the Medal for Heroism by President Václav Havel.

See also
Marie Kudeříková
Anna Letenská

References

Further reading

1904 births
1942 deaths
Czech journalists
Czech women journalists
Czech resistance members
Czech people executed by Nazi Germany
Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
People executed by Nazi Germany by guillotine
Women in World War II
Executed Czech people
Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
20th-century journalists
Recipients of Medal of Heroism (Czech Republic)


title: Stafford FM

text:
Stafford FM is a local community radio station serving Stafford, Staffordshire, England. It broadcasts on 107.3 FM and online. The station was one of two to apply in 2014 for an FM community radio licence to cover Stafford. The other was BFBS.

On 3 October 2014, Ofcom announced that both applications had been successful and that 5-year full-time licences will be awarded.

History

1990s
There have been a number of volunteer-run radio broadcasting projects in the area at intervals over nearly 20 years, and many of the volunteers have taken part in several of them. An experimental project called the Stafford Broadcasting Society, organised by the late Robert Leighton (an electronics engineer and part-time presenter on Radio Caroline) carried out a restricted service licence (RSL) broadcast in the mid-1990s, using a transmitter near Hopton.

2001-2003
Stafford FM was first set up in 2001 following conversations between its founders, former Signal Radio presenter Ray Crowther and local businessman Richard Lamont. A team of ex-Signal presenters was assembled, including Stu Haycock and Paul Heath, and 28-day RSL FM trials followed, serving Stafford and the surrounding area from studios in Gaol Mews and a transmitter near Hopton. It aimed to gain a permanent small-scale commercial radio licence from the then regulator, the Radio Authority. A total of four RSLs at six-month intervals were carried out between 2001 and 2003. By then the Radio Authority had been replaced by Ofcom, which announced that no more small-scale commercial radio licences were going to be handed out, so the project was put on ice indefinitely.

Between 2003 and 2012, Super Radio was in operation. Broadcasting by streaming on the internet, the station kept local radio in Stafford going.

2011-2012
Stafford FM re-emerged as a community station in 2011, launching online. At the time, the station was based in studios on Marston Road, Stafford. While at the Marston Road studios, the station held three RSL licences, using a transmitter at the same Hopton site as the earlier project. This was in an attempt to gain a community radio licence for the town.

XL FM
As a result of having to leave the studio building in December 2012, Stafford FM went off air for a time, until, on Sunday 3 February 2013, the station re-launched as XL FM. This was branded under a re-structuring, and the station promised a variety of shows and a wide range of music. However, it was announced on 19 August 2013 that the station would revert to its original name.

References

External links
 www.stafford.fm

2011 establishments in England
Community radio stations in the United Kingdom
Radio stations established in 2011
Radio stations in Staffordshire
Stafford


title: Aleksandr Kasyanov

text:
Aleksandr Kasyanov may refer to:

 Alexander Kasjanov (born 1983), Russian bobsledder
 Aleksandr Kasyanov (composer) (1891–1982), Soviet and Russian composer, conductor, pianist and professor


title: Mesorhizobium alhagi

text:
Mesorhizobium alhagi is a gram-negative, aerobic non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from wild Alhagi sparsifolia in north-western China.

References

External links
Type strain of Mesorhizobium alhagi at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Phyllobacteriaceae
Bacteria described in 2010