title: Tropical Storm Tess

text:
Severe Tropical Storm Tess known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Welpring was the second of three tropical cyclones to directly impact the Philippines in a two-week time frame in 1988. An area of disturbed weather near the Philippines was first observed on November 1. Following an increase in organization, the disturbance was designated as a tropical cyclone on November 4. Moving west, Tess steadily strengthened due to favorable conditions aloft. During the evening of November 5, Tess was estimated to have achieved its highest intensity, with winds of . Rapid weakening then ensured as Tess neared Vietnam, and after making landfall in the country on November 6, Tess dissipated the next day.

Tropical Storm Tess and its precursor disturbance brought extensive flooding to much of the central Philippines. In Cebu, eight people were killed, and many homes and bridges were destroyed. The province of Palawan, a geographically isolated island from the rest of the country, suffered severe damage due to mudslides and flooding. There, 75 people were confirmed to have died, and 600 others were later presumed to have perished. In the suburbs of the capital city of Manila, 3,000 people were forced to flee their homes due to rising floodwaters. In all, there were a total of 686 deaths in the country. Nationwide, 144,136 people were evacuated to shelter, and 86 homes were destroyed, with 430 others receiving damage. Damage in the country totaled $11.38 million (1988 USD). In addition to the impact on the Philippines, Tess killed 37 people and inflicted $11 million in damage in Vietnam.

Meteorological history

In what would later become the second of two tropical cyclones to form within the basin during November 1988, an area of disturbed weather was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) early on November 1. Six hours later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started following the system. The same day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration also started to track the storm and assigned it with the local name Welpring.
Over the next three days, the disturbance tracked southwest while embedded within the northeasterly flow of the winter monsoon. After passing through the Visayas island group and emerging into the open water of the Sulu Sea, the system began to increase in organization. At 17:30 UTC on November 3, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. At 00:00 UTC the next day, the JTWC classified the system as a tropical depression, citing satellite intensity estimates of , while the JMA upgraded it to tropical storm intensity. At this time, the tropical cyclone was centered  south of Manila.

Almost immediately after the upgrades, the storm's track shifted from southwestward to westward in response to a trough weakening to the north; this also weakened the pressure gradient between the trough and a nearby ridge starting on November 4. In turn, wind shear decreased and allowed the storm to intensify. Following an increase in satellite intensity estimates, the JTWC upgraded the depression into a tropical storm, and named it Tess, at 06:00 UTC. As the storm tracked over the South China Sea, strengthening continued. On November 5, the JMA upgraded Tess into a severe tropical storm. At midday, the JTWC estimated that Tess attained typhoon intensity, which was also its maximum intensity of . At 18:00 UTC on November 5, the JMA reported that Tess attained winds of  and a barometric pressure of , its peak intensities in terms of both winds and pressure. Data from the JTWC suggests the storm weakened rapidly as it approached Vietnam. At 00:00 UTC on November 6, the JTWC stopped tracking the system; however, intensity estimates from the JMA had only decreased slightly during this time, and continued to classify Tess as a severe tropical storm. Tess then moved across the Mekong River delta, moving ashore midday about  east-northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. By early November 7, the JMA stopped tracking the system.

Impact and aftermath
By moving across the central Philippines in its formative phases, Tess became the second tropical cyclone to impact the island group within two weeks; the first was Typhoon Ruby. At least nine people were killed in the provinces of Cebu and Bukidnon, where the storm also rendered 600 people homeless. Eight of those deaths occurred in Cebu. There, the storm brought flash flooding that destroyed numerous bridges and homes. Palawan Island, a rugged, sparsely populated island chain isolated from the rest of the country, sustained widespread destruction from Tess, primarily due to flooding and landslides. On the island, the town of Rizal sustained the worst damage from the storm. There, 23 fatalities occurred. The island's north-south coastal road was covered in  of water. By November 10, 75 people were confirmed to have been killed throughout Palawan, with 600 others subsequently listed as missing by the Philippine Red Cross. The missing were presumed dead by December 14. In part because the water level was already  above normal due to Ruby, Laguna Lake, situated on the southeastern side of the capital city of Manila, overflowed its banks. This forced 3,000 people, mainly in the suburbs of Pasig, Taguig and Pateros, to evacuate their homes. Outside Palawan Island, Tess only resulted in 11 fatalities only in the island chain, all due to flooding.

Nationwide, the storm was blamed for 686 deaths. Additionally, 144,136 people or 28,824 families were evacuated to shelters as a result of the flooding. A total of 86 homes were destroyed and 430 others were damaged. Furthermore, damage to private property totaled $7.58 million (1988 USD). In addition, the storm caused $3.8 million in damage to agriculture. Overall, the nation suffered $11.38 million damage due to the cyclone.

Even though the storm had weakened drastically by this time, Tess killed 37 people in Vietnam, destroyed thousands of homes, and inflicted $11 million in damage. Following Tess, Philippine President Corazon Aquino visited the provinces of Pangasinan and Pampanga, both situated to the north of Manila to tour damaged areas, distribute relief, aid and inaugurate an infrastructure project. A mere few days after Tess, Typhoon Skip became the third cyclone to hit the archipelago in two weeks.

See also

Other tropical cyclones named Tess
Tropical Storm Usagi (2018)

Notes

References

External links
 Japan Meteorological Agency
 Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Western Pacific severe tropical storms
Typhoons in the Philippines
1988 disasters in the Philippines
1988 Pacific typhoon season
Typhoons in Vietnam
Tess


title: Listed buildings in Skanderborg Municipality

text:
This is a list of listed buildings in Skanderborg Municipality, Denmark.

The list

References

External links
 Danish Agency of Culture

Skanderborg


title: Her Love Story

text:
Her Love Story is a 1924 American silent romantic drama film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Gloria Swanson. It was produced by Famous Players–Lasky, distributed by Paramount Pictures, and based on the short story "Her Majesty, the Queen" by Mary Roberts Rinehart.

Cast

Preservation
With no prints of Her Love Story located in any film archives, it is a lost film.

See also
List of lost films

References

External links

Lobby poster and stills
Posters (Wayback Machine) (click image even if blank)
Second lobby poster (Wayback Machine) (click image even if blank)

1924 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by Allan Dwan
Lost American romantic drama films
Films based on short fiction
Paramount Pictures films
1924 romantic drama films
Films set in Europe
American black-and-white films
Films based on works by Mary Roberts Rinehart
1920s American films
Silent American romantic drama films


title: Fordyce station (Rock Island Line)

text:
The Rock Island Railway Depot is a historic train station building on 3rd Street in Fordyce, Arkansas.  Built c. 1925 by the Rock Island Railroad, it is one of two brick railroad stations to survive from the period in Dallas County.  It is a large rectangular structure with a cross-gable tile roof.  The building continues to be used by the Fordyce and Princeton Railroad to manage the shipment of lumber products.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1925
Buildings and structures in Fordyce, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas
Fordyce
Former railway stations in Arkansas


title: Narahari Acharya

text:
Narahari Acharya, (Nepali:नरहरि आचार्य) a central member of Nepali Congress, assumed the post of the Minister of Law, Justice, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Peace and Reconstruction on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government.

He is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Kathmandu–5 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from the Nepali Congress.

Personal life
Narahari Acharya was born on 27 September 1953 in Bisharnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal to Umanath Acharya and Rewati Acharya. He holds a Master's Degree in Humanities and has taught for 16 years at the Tribhuvan University. He is married to the writer Sharada Sharma and has two daughters.

Political career
Acharya involved in politics joining Nepali Congress in 1968 though he only took the party membership in 1997. He became a member of the National Assembly in 1992 and was appointed as Minister for Law, Justice, Constituent Assembly and Parliamentary Affairs.

He won the 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from Kathmandu 5 constituency with 13,245 votes defeating CPN (UML) general secretary Ishwor Pokhrel who had received 9,120 votes. He was also jailed for 1 year in course of his political activities.

Electoral history

2013 Constituent Assembly election

2008 Constituent Assembly election

References

1953 births
Living people
Politicians from Kathmandu
Nepalese educators
Nepali Congress politicians from Bagmati Province
Justice ministers of Nepal
Bahun
Members of the National Assembly (Nepal)
20th-century Nepalese educators
21st-century Nepalese educators
Khas people

Members of the 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
Members of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly


title: Statue of William E. Dodge

text:
William Earl Dodge is an outdoor bronze sculpture of William E. Dodge by John Quincy Adams Ward, located at Bryant Park in Manhattan, New York. It was cast in 1885 and dedicated on October 22 of that year.

History

The statue was initially installed in Herald Square, having been financed by Dodge's admirers and friends. It was moved to Bryant Park in 1941 and was renovated in 1992 by the Bryant Park Restoration Corporation. The pedestal on which it originally stood was replaced in the 1941 move.

References

External links

 From the Archives: William Earle Dodge in Bryant Park (November 19, 2010), Bryant Park Corporation

1885 establishments in New York (state)
1885 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Manhattan
Bryant Park
Monuments and memorials in Manhattan
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Sculptures of men in New York City
Statues in New York City


title: John Russell House

text:
The John Russell House is a historic house at 904 Charlotte Street in Fordyce, Arkansas.  This single-story wood-frame house was built c. 1925, and is Dallas County's finest example of Craftsman architecture.  It has an outstanding porch whose roof is supported by four columns of geometrically arranged wooden members.  A horizontal tie beam between the inner columns supports a column up to the apex of the gable roof.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1925
Houses in Dallas County, Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Fordyce, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas


title: Essex Crossing

text:
Essex Crossing is an under-construction mixed-use development in New York City's Lower East Side, at the intersection of Delancey Street and Essex Street just north of Seward Park. Essex Crossing will comprise nearly  of space on  and will cost an estimated . Part of the existing Seward Park Urban Renewal Area (SPURA), the development will sit on a total of nine city blocks, most of them occupied by parking lots that replaced tenements razed in 1967.

Essex Crossing, originally approved as a component of the Seward Park Urban Renewal Area in October 2012, is expected to create 1,000 housing units, 1,000 permanent jobs, and 5,000 construction jobs. The project, overseen by SHoP Architects and developer Delancey Street Associates (a joint venture of L+M Development Partners, BFC Partners, and Taconic Investment Partners), will build a 60/40 mix of residential and commercial space; create 500 units of permanently affordable housing for low-, moderate-, and middle-income households, and senior housing; and allocate  of publicly accessible open space. The plan was presented to the public in September 2013 by then-Mayor Michael Bloomberg, as a compromise solution after decades of political disagreements over the site.

Construction on the project began in 2015; partial completion is expected by mid-2021, and final completion by 2024.

Context

Seward Park Urban Renewal Area

Historically, the Lower East Side was an immigrant neighborhood, including Germans, Irish, Italians, and Hispanics; Essex Crossing was envisioned during the neighborhood's period of gentrification, but this part of the Lower East Side is an area alternatively known as SPURA, which has been up for development since the mid-1960s. SPURA covers five vacant plots of land acquired as part of a 1965 urban renewal plan, near Delancey and Grand Streets. These sites were originally part of the broader Seward Park Urban Renewal Area, a federal program designed to tear down several tenements to develop low-income housing, called the Cooperative Village. Some original SPURA land was eventually developed, but five lots remain vacant to this day. SPURA was the largest tract of undeveloped New York City-owned land in Manhattan south of 96th Street, but debate over what would be the "appropriate redevelopment" of SPURA had stalled the process and kept it undeveloped.

In 1967, New York City leveled 20 acres on the southern side of Delancey Street and removed more than 1,800 low-income, largely Puerto Rican families, with a promise that they would return to new low-income apartments when they were built. However, political corruption abounded, and the new apartments were never built. The competing forces within the neighborhood debated whether the SPURA area should be used to develop affordable housing within Manhattan Community Board 3; or be developed as mixed-use – low- and middle-income as well as commercial; or whether it should be all large commercial retail use. This debate is often waged in the community halls of local public school auditoriums and other city meeting places, in newspaper columns, at co-op board meetings, and at private strategy sessions in individual homes.

During the Koch administration that ended in 1989, the city contracted with Sam LeFrak to build, but massive divided opposition caused it to be withdrawn. The land still sat vacant in 2012.

In January and February 2011, the local community board took the issue of SPURA's development up and came to a community consensus that the area will be built to accommodate mixed use of low-income housing, commercial properties/retail spaces, and market-value homes. The Board, community and city planners and public officials were to finalize the plans for development.

On October 11, 2012, the New York City Council approved the project, then still referred to as SPURA, in a unanimous vote. On September 18, 2013, the then Mayor Michael Bloomberg unveiled a definite plan for the Essex Crossing project.

Start of construction
In June 2014, demolition of structures in the area commenced making way for the development. On August 2, 2014, it was revealed that a municipal parking lot at Broome and Essex Streets would be closed for soil testing and planning of the future Warhol museum. Groundbreaking for the crossing was said to come as early as spring 2015, though a definite groundbreaking timeline had not been published. Another parking lot was closed on December 31, this time a private one on Suffolk Street. Final designs for Essex Crossing were to be released on January 14, 2015. The Essex Street Market and a firehouse on Broome Street were to be demolished by early 2015.

Description
Upon its completion, it will comprise the Essex Market, restaurants, office space, a movie theater, and a park.

Ultimately, Essex Crossing, split among ten sequentially numbered lots, will be built on the east side of Essex Street between Stanton and Delancey Streets (lots 8, 9, and 10); the municipal parking lot at Broome and Essex Streets (lot 7); an area bounded by Attorney, Broome, Essex, and Delancey Streets (lots 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6); and a block bounded by Grand, Clinton, Broome, and Suffolk Streets (lot 5).

Existing

Housing

There are both public housing and condominiums in the area. In the SPURA area, public housing is operated by the Seward Park Housing Corporation, part of the Cooperative Village, located in the triangle between Grand Street and East Broadway, and abuts Seward Park. The buildings, designed by Herman Jessor, were finished in 1959. Condominiums include the Blue Tower at 105 Norfolk Street, designed by Bernard Tschumi, opened in 2007 with 32 condominium apartments over 16 stories, a ground floor commercial space occupied by the Thierry Goldberg Gallery, and a roof terrace for residents on the third floor, using a common setup with commercial space at the ground floor with residential space above. The Blue Tower is not LEED certified. The tower had a characteristic slant that sets it apart from other buildings in the vicinity.

Essex Street Market

The Essex Street Market is an indoor retail market, one of a number of such facilities built in the 1930s under the administration of Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, at 120 Essex Street, north of Delancey Street. The Essex Street Market, a group of markets constructed in the 1940s to reduce pushcart congestion on the narrow streets of the Lower East Side, is operated and managed by the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC).

In September 2013, it was announced that the market would be integrated into the Essex Crossing. The new building, along Essex Street on the south side of Delancey, will have 39 stalls and two restaurants. It was originally planned to open in 2018, but was later pushed back to April 2019, then to May 13, 2019.

Essex Street municipal parking lot
An existing parking garage at 107 Essex Street, north of Delancey Street, is also being renovated as part of the redevelopment plan. Originally slated to be converted into housing under an idea by Councilwoman Margaret Chin, it was dropped from the project and later put back on.

New buildings

Broome Street Gardens
Part of the development includes a new public park on Broome Street between Suffolk and Clinton streets, spanning . The park, which is part of the Seward Park Urban Renewal Area, will only be 35% planted, with open spaces, signage, bike racks, and skateboard-proof park benches. It will include a playground for toddlers, in anticipation of a new primary school nearby.

Lowline park

The large trolley terminal under Delancey and Essex Streets sat unused for 60 years and became the location for a proposed park.

The project was first proposed in 2011 and in 2012, successfully raised over $150,000 from 3,300 backers on Kickstarter to create a full-scale exhibition of the solar lighting technology. The project was named by Mashable as one of the top Kickstarter projects of that year. If completed, it would have been within the Essex Crossing development, though the project was indefinitely postponed in February 2020 due to a lack of funding and is considered in the planning stages as of 2021.

Housing

Half of the 1,000 units to be constructed at the crossing will be affordable housing. While five buildings will be completed as early as 2018, the entire housing complex will not be completed until 2021.

Housing on lots 1, 2, 5, and 6 will be completed first, in fall 2015, followed by Lot 8 in fall 2016 and lots 3 and 4 in spring 2017; lots 9 and 10 will be finished last, between 2019 and 2022. Most of the housing will be on lots 1, 2, 5, and 6, which will start construction in early 2015. They will have a combined 556 units, including 311 affordable units and 100 for senior residents. There will also be 155 condominiums, with 37 or 38 of them affordable.

Retail

Trader Joe's opened a  location on the first floor and basement of 145 Clinton Street, at the northwest corner with Grand Street, on October 19, 2018. The space on the building's second floor, immediately above Trader Joe's, is occupied by a  Target store, which opened in August 2018.

Movie theater
In October 2014, a  movie theater, with 14 screens, was announced. Located at Delancey and Essex Streets, and operated by Regal Cinemas, it includes digital cinema projectors and recliners with padded footrests, among other amenities, as well as an RPX Regal Premium Experience auditorium and bar. Scheduled to begin construction in spring 2015 for completion by 2018, the theater opened on April 6, 2019.

International Center of Photography
In 2017, the International Center of Photography signed a deal with Delancey Street Associates to house its museum and school at 79 Essex Street in Essex Crossing. The new center opened in January 2020. Designed by architecture firm Gensler, the  building has galleries, media labs, classrooms, darkrooms, shooting studios, a shop, café, research library and public event spaces.

Canceled projects

Warhol museum
A  annex to the main Pittsburgh museum, the Warhol building was scheduled to open by 2017. It would have taken up a parking lot as well as the 75 Essex Street building, a building at the corner of Broome and Essex Streets that some locals are fighting to have landmarked. It was reported that Taconic offered 75 Essex Street's owners a huge sum to redevelop the building as part of the museum. Plans for this museum were canceled in March 2013.

Political controversy
The SPURA area, now the Essex Crossing's site, was kept empty, except for parking lots, since 1967 due to suspected political alliances.

In 1977, then-to-be-Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver and Metropolitan Council on Jewish Poverty (Met Council) head William "Bill" Rapfogel accompanied then-mayor Edward Koch through the area, promising to turn some  of barren land on Delancey Street's south side into a never-delivered development that had displaced more than 1,800 residents a decade before.

Rapfogel and Silver were accused of promoting specific plans for favored developers, which would maintain the area's Jewish identity, at the expense of other communities. They opposed a 1970s plan for affordable housing, which would have changed the demographics of the neighborhood and brought in more Chinese and Hispanic residents. Silver instead proposed a shopping center with no housing for the site in the 1980s. In the 1990s, they proposed a “big box” store, like Costco, to be built by Bruce Ratner, a developer. Ratner hired Rapfogel's eldest son in 2007, and Silver employed Rapfogel's wife as his chief of staff. Ratner also helped raise $1 million for the Met Council.

Transportation
The area is served by the New York City Subway at Delancey Street–Essex Street, served by the . Local New York City Bus routes include the M9, M14A, and B39.

References

External links

SPURA:
SPURA facts
Curbed.com on SPURA
Downtown Express – Seward Park Housing
Downtown Express – Crowd of Hundreds

Andy Warhol
Economy of New York City
Food markets in the United States
Lower East Side
Neighborhoods in Manhattan
Proposed buildings and structures in New York City
Urban renewal
Multi-building developments in New York City


title: Caldana

text:
Caldana is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Gavorrano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 980.

Geography
Caldana is about 28 km from Grosseto and 8 km from Gavorrano, and it is situated on a hill in the south-eastern side of the massif of Monte Calvo.

History
The village dates back to the Early Middle Ages, when it was a property of the bishops of Roselle. It was then ruled by the Pannocchieschi family and conquered by the Republic of Siena during the 14th century.

Main sights

 San Biagio (16th century), main parish church of the village, it is attributed to Renaissance architect Antonio da Sangallo the Elder. The bell tower was built in 1828. Inside the church there is a fresco by Giuseppe Nicola Nasini.
 Canonica of San Biagio, original building of the primitive 13th century church, it was renewed during the late 16th century.
 Oratory of Sant'Antonio da Padova (17th century), built in 1670, it was renewed with a new facade during the 19th century.
 Convent of Sant'Agostino, former building of the Order of Saint Augustine, it was suppressed in 1652. It is now used for residential purpose.
 Walls of Caldana, old fortifications which surround the village since 13th century.

Media
The German TV series Ein Haus in der Toscana was set and filmed in Caldana.

References

Bibliography
 Bruno Santi, Guida storico-artistica alla Maremma. Itinerari culturali nella provincia di Grosseto, Nuova Immagine, Siena, 1995, pp. 69–71.
 Giuseppe Guerrini, Torri e castelli della provincia di Grosseto, Nuova Immagine Editrice, Siena, 1999.

See also
 Bagno di Gavorrano
 Castellaccia
 Filare
 Giuncarico
 Grilli, Gavorrano
 Potassa, Gavorrano
 Ravi, Gavorrano

Frazioni of Gavorrano


title: John Reardon (banker)

text:
John Reardon is a former banker who evacuated 105 persons in Saigon towards the end of the Vietnam War, all of whom were co-workers and dependents from his employment at a local bank in the city. During the evacuation, he claimed that all of the persons were either his wives, sons, or daughters.

References

Saint Joseph's College (Indiana) alumni


title: Bittersweet (Arashi song)

text:
"Bittersweet" is the 42nd single released by Japanese boyband Arashi. "Bittersweet" was used as the theme song for the drama Shitsuren Chocolatier starring Arashi member Jun Matsumoto. The B-side "Road to Glory" was used as the theme song for Nippon TV's broadcast of the 2014 Winter Olympics. It was the 7th best-selling single of the year in Japan, with 591,847 copies.

Single information
The single was released in two editions: a limited edition including Road to Glory and a bonus DVD with a music video for "Bittersweet", and a regular CD only edition including Road to Glory, two bonus tracks, and karaoke tracks for all the songs. The limited edition also contains a 16-page booklet.

It was announced on a music talk show that Arashi member Satoshi Ohno choreographed the dance for the live performance of "Bittersweet".

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 Product information

Arashi songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles
Japanese television drama theme songs
2014 singles
J Storm singles
2014 songs


title: Anchieta's frog

text:
Anchieta's frog may refer to:

 Anchieta's ridged frog (Ptychadena anchietae), a frog in the family Ptychadenidae found in Africa
 Anchieta's tree frog (Leptopelis anchietae), a frog in the family Hyperoliidae endemic to Angola


title: 2014 Gobowling.com 400

text:
The 2014 Gobowling.com 400 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race that was held on August 3, 2014, at Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania. Contested over 160 laps on the  triangular superspeedway, it was the 21st race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season.

Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the race, his third win of the season, completing the first season sweep of Pocono since 2006. Kevin Harvick finished second while Joey Logano, Clint Bowyer, and Greg Biffle rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Kyle Larson (11th), Austin Dillon (15th), and Justin Allgaier (16th).

Previous week's race
The previous week at the Brickyard 400, Jeff Gordon took the lead on the final restart and took the checkered flag for the 90th time in his career, to guarantee a spot in the Chase for the Sprint Cup. Carl Edwards, Jimmie Johnson and Joey Logano also clinched spots in the Chase. Kasey Kahne fell to fifth on the restart, and ran out of fuel on the final lap, finishing sixth. Gordon described his race win as "nothing better, especially in a big race, coming to Victory Lane with your family here", while he "was trying so hard with 10 to go not to focus on the crowd". Kahne reflected on his position at the final restart, stating that he should have picked the outside line, also stating "pretty much let Jeff control that restart. I took off and never spun a tire and the inside had been more grip throughout the race and I started on the inside and I thought it was a great decision. But I didn't spin a tire and Jeff drove right by me."

Report

Background

Pocono Raceway is a three-turn superspeedway that is  long. The track's turns are banked differently; the first is banked at 14°, the second turn at 8° and the final turn with 6°. However, each of the three straightaways are banked at 2°. The front stretch at Pocono Raceway is 3,740 feet long, the longest at the track. The back stretch, is 3,055 feet long, while the short stretch, which connects turn two with turn three, is only 1,780 feet long. The defending race winner from 2013 is Kasey Kahne.

Entry list
The entry list for the Gobowling.com 400 was released on Monday, July 28, 2014 at 9:28 a.m. Eastern time. Forty-three drivers were entered for the race.

Practice

First practice
Kurt Busch was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 49.902 and a speed of .

Qualifying

Rookie Kyle Larson won the pole, his first at Sprint Cup level, with a new track record lap time of 49.063 and a speed of . Larson reflected on recent extensive running at the circuit, in testing and also racing in other events – ARCA and the Camping World Truck Series – since the previous Cup race in June, stating that "for whatever reason I feel like I've adapted pretty well to this track even though it's not a track where you maneuver around and can move from the bottom to the top". Joey Logano qualified alongside Larson on the front row, praising his performance and stating that he "liked tough race tracks and this is one of them". Logano had felt that Kurt Busch had been favorite for pole position, but also commented on Larson's performance, stating "Kyle definitely laid down a good one because I thought my lap was (darn) near perfect and then I got beat, so it's a little frustrating, but, overall, it's a good starting spot".

Qualifying results

Practice (post-qualifying)

Second practice
Kurt Busch was the fastest in the second practice session with a time of 50.319 and a speed of .

Final practice
Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 50.407 and a speed of .

Race

First half

Start

The race was originally scheduled to start at 1:18 P.M. EDT, but with the threat of thunderstorms in the forecast, NASCAR moved the start of the race up by around 10 minutes, with rookie Kyle Larson leading the field. At the second turn of the first lap, Brad Keselowski made contact with Kurt Busch and almost spun out, but saved his car and dropped back to 12th, while Joey Logano took the lead from Larson. Jimmie Johnson's car suffered a cut tire and made contact with the wall on the front stretch on lap eight, bringing out a debris caution a lap later. Logano led the field to the restart on lap 13. On lap 15, Danica Patrick brushed the wall on the exit of turn 2, and after a tire blowout, she hit the same wall the following lap, to bring out the second caution. As the first driver who was a lap down in the field, Johnson was the recipient of the free pass, allowing him to return to the lead lap.

Logano continued to lead as the race resumed on lap 20. On lap 23, Kyle Busch's day ended early with a blown engine; he described the problem as "something between the frame rails doesn't seem to operate correctly right now" to reporters after he had exited the car. He also expressed his disappointment about having to exit the race so early: "It's unfortunate, I thought we had a good car today. Our car has been good this weekend in practices and stuff like that. Obviously you hope for better days, and this M&M's Camry team deserves better days but this ain't one of them". The third caution flag came out on lap 29 when Landon Cassill hit the wall in the same position as Patrick had done so, previously; Patrick profited from the free pass at the caution. Brian Vickers won the race off pit road but Kurt Busch, and eight other cars, stayed out when the leaders came in to pit and assumed the lead for the restart, on lap 34.

Busch's different pit cycle saw him onto pit road ten laps later, at which point Jeff Gordon took the lead. On lap 51, the fourth caution flag came out when Joe Nemechek got turned loose by Kasey Kahne and hit the wall in turn 3. The race restarted on lap 56, with Gordon holding the lead until his next pit stop, on lap 65, returning the lead to Busch. Busch pitted on lap 75, giving the lead to A. J. Allmendinger. Allmendinger made his stop on lap 77, at which point Aric Almirola and David Gilliland each led a lap before making green flag pit stops, while Gordon reclaimed the lead. On lap 84, Gordon officially became the first driver in track history to lead over 1,000 laps. He led until his next green flag pit stop on lap 95 and gave the lead to Kevin Harvick. Harvick made his stop on lap 96 and gave the lead back to Busch. Harvick dropped to the tail end of the field as he was caught speeding on pit road. Busch hit pit road on lap 103 and handed the lead to Matt Kenseth. Kenseth led for three laps before returning the lead back to Gordon.

Second half
The fifth caution came out on lap 112, when Johnson – after going a lap down early in the race and getting up as high as fifth – hit the wall in turn 2. He described his incidents as "I got tight off Turn 1 off the fence" for his first scrape with the wall, and later deemed himself "clueless" at the second hit, stating that "It didn't act like a tire went down. It just went straight. Hopefully we can get a reason why".

The Big One
The race restarted on lap 117, but before the end of the first complete lap after the restart, the sixth caution flag came out for a large crash involving 13 cars on the Long Pond Straightaway. It started when Denny Hamlin got sucked around by air off of Clint Bowyer's car in an outside line of cars and started to spin out. Hamlin saved his car, but Brian Vickers collided with Matt Kenseth while checking up to avoid Hamlin, and collected Aric Almirola, Allmendinger, Brad Keselowski, Paul Menard, Tony Stewart, Justin Allgaier, Harvick, Michael Annett, Martin Truex Jr. and Ricky Stenhouse Jr. While Harvick, Allgaier, and a couple of others continued, many of the cars involved were knocked out of the race; Harvick would later manage to pick his way through to a second-place finish. There were only 15 cars on the lead lap before the restart. Hamlin referred to his part in the incident as being "stuck three-wide" and that he was "sucked around" when Bowyer was passing him. Kenseth expressed his frustration at being involved in the crash, stating that his car had "been in all the big wrecks this year", and that "it seems like you're always in the wrong place at the wrong time".

While under caution – on lap 119 – Gordon achieved his 24,000th career lap led, and led the field to the restart on lap 127. Gordon made his final stop and handed the lead to Harvick on lap 132, before Greg Biffle took the lead four laps later. On lap 139, the seventh caution came out when Allmendinger, laps down with damage from the lap 117 crash, hit the wall in turn 1. The race restarted with 17 laps to go.

Final laps
On lap 147, Dale Earnhardt Jr. passed Biffle for the lead, and had managed to build up a 3.5 second lead on Harvick by lap 153, when it was erased after the eighth caution of the race came out, after Busch hit the wall exiting turn 2. The final restart came with three laps remaining, with Earnhardt Jr. restarting on the prevailing outside lane. He assumed the lead, with Harvick running about a car length behind and Logano just behind them. Earnhardt held off the chasers for the last three laps to win the race, completing the first Pocono sweep since Hamlin in 2006. Earnhardt Jr. reflected on the sweep, stating that his team "definitely went home from the last race and made our car better" and that's what I'm proud of this team for". He also praised the strategy of his crew chief, Steve Letarte. Harvick was impressed with his car's speed in both Pocono races, and that his team "were able to capitalize on it and get a good finish".

Race results

Race summary
 Lead changes: 15
 Cautions: 8 for 35 laps
 Red flags: 0
 Time of race: 3 hours, 8 minutes and 22 seconds
 Average speed:

Media

Television

Radio

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

Note: Only the first sixteen positions are included for the driver standings.

References

Gobowling.com 400
Gobowling.com 400
Gobowling.com 400
NASCAR races at Pocono Raceway


title: List of Dharma Productions films

text:
Dharma Productions is an Indian production company established by Yash Johar in 1976. A large number of the films were co-produced with companies such as Red Chillies Entertainment and Star Studios. In addition, Dharma Productions has presented five other Indian language films from other companies. The most frequent collaborations of the company have been with the actors Alia Bhatt, Shah Rukh Khan, Sidharth Malhotra, Kareena Kapoor Khan, Amitabh Bachchan, Ranbir Kapoor, Kajol, Varun Dhawan and Sanjay Dutt.

Dharma Productions' first release came in 1980 with the Raj Khosla–directed Dostana, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Shatrughan Sinha and Zeenat Aman, which was a commercial success. However, their subsequent releases, Duniya (1984) and Muqaddar Ka Faisla (1987) performed poorly at the box office. Their first release of the 1990s, the Bachchan-starring thriller Agneepath (1990) garnered critical acclaim but was a commercial failure. The company's next releases were the thriller Gumrah (1993) and the comedy Duplicate (1998), both directed by Mahesh Bhatt. In 1998, Yash Johar's son, Karan Johar made his directorial debut with the romantic drama Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, starring Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Rani Mukerji and Salman Khan. The film was the highest-grossing Bollywood film of 1998, and established Dharma Productions as a leading production company in India. Their subsequent releases, the ensemble family drama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), and the romantic dramas Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), all starring Khan, were top-grossing Hindi films in domestic and overseas markets.

From 2008 onwards, in addition to directorial ventures from Karan Johar, the company introduced several new directors, including Ayan Mukerji, Punit Malhotra, Karan Malhotra, and Shakun Batra. The romantic comedy Dostana (2008) was the first mainstream Hindi film to take a homosexual storyline. In 2012, Karan Johar directed the teen romance Student of the Year, which marked the debut of Malhotra, Dhawan and Bhatt. The following year, the company co-produced the critically acclaimed drama The Lunchbox, which was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language.

Dharma Productions' greatest successes in the next decades came with the action drama the 2012 remake of Agneepath; the romantic dramas Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013), 2 States (2014), Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016), and Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017); the family drama Kapoor & Sons (2016); the spy film Raazi (2018); the action films Simmba (2018) and Sooryavanshi (2021); the comedy Good Newwz (2019); the war film Shershaah (2021); the fantasy film Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva (2022); and the romantic comedy  film Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani (2023).

Films produced

Films presented
In addition to the Hindi films produced, the following films were presented by the company:

Footnotes

References

External links

Dharma Productions
Dharma Productions


title: Public Health Agency of Sweden

text:
The Public Health Agency of Sweden (, abbreviated Fohm) is a Swedish government agency with national responsibility for public health. It falls under the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and works to promote public health and to prevent illness and injuries through education. It monitors the health of the population, infectious disease control measures, and public health interventions, and assists the Government in its decision-making process by providing facts and knowledge. The agency is tasked with minimizing negative environmental impact on human health, and participates in the work of the EU and international public health organisations, such as the WHO and IANPHI.

History
The agency was established in 2014 by a merger of the Swedish National Institute of Public Health () and the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (). It took on most of the responsibilities for environmental health and for environment and public health reports previously assigned to the National Board of Health and Welfare ().

Organisation
The agency has about 450 employees and is based in Solna. It is led by Director-General Johan Carlson, and organized into five departments: Epidemiology and Evaluation, Knowledge support, Microbiology, Communications and Administration.

High-containment laboratory

The Public Health Agency of Sweden runs the only biosafety level 4 laboratory in the Nordic region — one of only six in Europe. The laboratory is located at the headquarters in Solna, and has been in operation since 2001. It is built of wholly encased steel, totally isolated from the rest of the premises. The entire building is kept at negative air pressure, to prevent any contagion spreading outdoors, and laboratory access is limited to approximately 20 employees, pre-screened by the Swedish Security Service. Patients with highly infectious diseases are usually treated at high-containment medical facilities in Linköping University Hospital or at Karolinska University Hospital.

See also
 List of national public health agencies.

References

External links
 Public Health Agency of Sweden - Official site (English)

Government agencies of Sweden
Medical and health organizations based in Sweden
Public health organizations
2014 establishments in Sweden
National public health agencies


title: National Highway 233A (India, old numbering)

text:
National Highway 233A is a National Highway in India that links Rajesultanpur, Nasirpur, Chhitauna, Gangasagar, Ambedkar Nagar in Uttar Pradesh to Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh.up

Start
National Highway 233A starts  in Ayodhya outed in Near NH 27(Ayodhya to Gorkhapur).
Formally We are know Ayodhya In Deokali Chowk

Route
 Ayodhya(Ring Road To Saketpuri)
 Devkali
 Darshan Nagar
 Maya Bazzar
 Iltifatganj Bazar
 Tanda(NH 28 Bypass)
 Hanswar
 Aropur
 Ramnagar, Alapur
 Jahangirganj(Mampur to Nahar road)Road)
 Deoria
 Pooranpur
Nasirpur Chhitauna
Ganganagar
 Tenduvaikalan
 Padumpur
 Rajesultanpur(Near Gopalbaag Chowk in  NH233B )

See also
 List of National Highways in India (by Highway Number)
 National Highways Development Project

References

233A
Rajesultanpur
National highways in India (old numbering)

Transport in Prayagraj district
Transport in Ayodhya


title: Palazzo Ravaschieri di Satriano

text:
The Palazzo Ravaschieri di Satriano is a monumental palace on the Riviera di Chiaia number 287, in Naples, Italy.

The palace was commissioned in 1605 by Prince Ravaschieri di Satriano, and was one of the first palaces built in shores of Chiaia. In 1675, it was the home of the Viceroy Fernando Fajardo y Álvarez de Toledo, who refurbished the facade and courtyard. Many famous visitors to Naples have stayed here, including Goethe in 1787, as guest of Princess Teresa Ravaschieri, wife of  Prince Filippo Ravaschieri Fieschi di Satriano, and sister of Gaetano Filangieri. These owners commissioned the architect Ferdinando Sanfelice, to construct a staircase between the original two floors. It had many subsequent owners, and now has been subdivided into apartments and businesses.  In the mid 19th century, the architect Gaetano Genovese rebuilt the main floors.

References

Palaces in Naples
Baroque architecture in Naples
1605 establishments in Italy


title: Thomas Homestead

text:
The Thomas Homestead is a historic homestead off Arkansas Highway 7 in Fairview, Arkansas.  The property includes a dogtrot house built c. 1910, a potato house, and outbuildings including barns and sheds.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Gallery

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1910
Houses in Dallas County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas


title: Explora Phones Inc

text:
Explora Phones Inc (commonly known as Explora) was an angel funded technology start-up providing telecommunications and electronic tour guide services to international travelers.

History
The company was founded in 2013 by former investment banker Raj Patel and Carl Cochrane with the aim of disrupting the $57 billion global roaming market. Explora was headquartered in Bryant Park, New York.

Services
Explora's main service was a smartphone rental for travelers. Current the service only operates for visitors to the US, but Explora has plans to expand to other geographies.

Users reserve online via the Explora website and are then shipped a Google Nexus 5 smartphone to their hotel or residential address. The service includes unlimited calling, text messaging and 4G LTE data plus over 40 pre-loaded travel related apps.  Special offers and benefits are provided by some travel app providers to Explora's customers. For example, Taxi Magic provides $10 off an Explora users first taxi booking.
Explora's services are priced on a fixed daily rate basis of US$8.00.

References

Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States


title: The Man in Possession

text:
Not to be confused with the 1937 film Personal Property (also based on the Harwood play), whose alternate title is The Man in Possession.

The Man in Possession is a 1931 American pre-Code romantic comedy film starring Robert Montgomery, Charlotte Greenwood, Irene Purcell, and C. Aubrey Smith, based on the play of the same name by H. M. Harwood. The black sheep of a family finds himself falling in love with the wealthy woman his brother is seeking to marry.

Plot
Raymond Dabney returns to a mixed reaction from his middle-class family in London after serving a sentence at HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs for stealing a motorcar. His mother and the family servant are delighted to see him, but his father and brother Claude are less so. His father is particularly disappointed in him, having sent him to Cambridge. The two men offer him £500 to leave the country and never return; it seems Claude is engaged to a rich widow, and they are anxious to avoid any scandal that might endanger the marriage. Raymond turns it down, however, and departs the same day.

He obtains work as a sheriff's officer, helping a bailiff serve a writ on Crystal Wetherby,  a woman in serious debt, taking possession of her property. The bailiff instructs him to remain in Crystal's mansion to keep an eye on the seized property until the next day, but also to provide any reasonable assistance to the woman. Crystal and her sole remaining servant, Clara, have him take the place of the departed butler.

Then Crystal mentions the name of her fiancé, none other than Claude Dabney. Claude is bringing his parents to dinner that night to meet her. The situation is awkward for all the Dabneys. Meanwhile, Crystal's admirer, the wealthy and generous (if disreputable) Sir Charles Cartwright, shows up. Crystal has carefully kept the news of her engagement from him. She manages to get the jealous man to leave without him meeting her dinner guests. Before Claude leaves, he informs Crystal that her butler has a crooked past (without revealing they are brothers), but she refuses to discharge him (without revealing he is actually in possession of the premises). To complicate matters even further, that night Raymond seduces a willing Crystal.

The next morning, Raymond prepares Crystal's breakfast in bed, though Clara insists on taking it up to her. When Crystal removes the cover, she sees that the bacon has been arranged to spell the word "LOVE". Clara picks up Crystal's undergarments scattered around the room, noting that her chemise is torn. Crystal does not correct Clara's incredulous assumption that it was Claude who ripped it.

Raymond then proceeds to sabotage Crystal's other relationships. When Sir Charles arrives, Raymond informs him of her engagement, causing the latter to tear up a check for £1000 he was about to give her. Claude then offers his brother £1000 to leave England forever; Raymond insists on being paid an additional £200 for immediate expenses. Then Raymond shows Claude the writ, proving Crystal is not the wealthy woman she pretends to be. Panic-stricken, Claude tells Raymond to reveal to her that they are brothers (in order to break off the engagement without being sued for breach of promise) and hastily departs. Sir Charles returns, having discovered that his love for Crystal is too strong, but she declines his proposal of marriage.

When the bailiff shows up, Raymond pays off the outstanding debt, collects his wages, and informs Crystal that they can be married on the ship taking them to a fresh start in a new country. She reminds him of her past, but he is undeterred. She then happily embraces him.

Cast
 Robert Montgomery as Raymond Dabney
 Charlotte Greenwood as Clara
 Irene Purcell as Crystal Wetherby
 C. Aubrey Smith as Mr. Dabney
 Beryl Mercer as Mrs. Dabney
 Reginald Owen as Claude Dabney. Owen played the same character in the 1937 adaptation of the play, Personal Property.
 Alan Mowbray as Sir Charles Cartwright
 Maude Eburne as Esther
 Forrester Harvey as the Bailiff. Harvey played the same character in Personal Property.
 Yorke Sherwood as the Butcher

External links

American romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
American films based on plays
Films directed by Sam Wood
Films set in London
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films produced by Harry Rapf
1931 romantic comedy films
1931 films
1930s American films


title: Guts!

text:
"Guts!" is the 43rd single released by Japanese boy band Arashi. It was released on April 30, 2014. "Guts!" was used as the theme song for the drama Yowakutemo Katemasu starring Arashi member Kazunari Ninomiya. It was the sixth best-selling single of the year in Japan, with 604,654 copies. It was certified Double Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.

Single information
The single was released in two editions: a limited edition including a bonus track and a bonus DVD with a music video for "Guts!", and a regular CD only edition including two bonus tracks and karaoke tracks for all the songs. The limited edition also contains a 12-page booklet.

Chart performance
"Guts!" debuted at number one on the Oricon Singles Chart on May 12, 2014. It sold 501,493 copies in its first week, which pushed the group's all-time single sales to 20.081 million, making them the fifth male artist (after B'z, Mr. Children, SMAP, and Glay) to sell over 20 million singles. The single dropped to number three in its second week, selling 43,778 copies. It spent a further two weeks in the top ten and altogether 44 weeks in the Top 200. "Guts!" was the sixth best-selling single of the year in Japan, with 604,654 copies sold.

"Guts!" debuted at number 23 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 on April 28, 2014. It rose to number 15 the following week and peaked at number one on May 12, 2014. It remained at number one in its fourth week. The song charted for 20 weeks. "Guts!" placed first on the year-end Japan Hot 100 chart and placed second on the year-end Top Single Sales chart.

In Taiwan, it peaked at number seven on the G-Music Combo chart, and number one on the J-pop chart.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
 Product information

Arashi songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles
Japanese television drama theme songs
2014 singles
J Storm singles
2014 songs


title: Daremo Shiranai

text:
"Daremo Shiranai" (誰も知らない, "Nobody Knows") is a Japanese-language song and the 44th single released by Japanese boy band Arashi. "Daremo Shiranai" was used as the theme song for the drama Shinigami-kun starring Arashi member Satoshi Ohno. It reached number one on the Oricon Singles Chart and was the 12th best-selling single of the year in Japan, with 525,055 copies sold.

Single information
The single was released in two editions: a limited edition including a bonus track and a bonus DVD with a music video for "Daremo Shiranai", and a regular CD only edition including two bonus tracks and karaoke tracks for all the songs. The limited edition also contains a 16-page booklet.

Track listing

See also
 List of Oricon number-one singles of 2014

References

External links
 Single information

2014 singles
2014 songs
Arashi songs
J Storm singles
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Songs written by Christofer Erixon


title: William Pettit

text:
William Pettit may refer to:

William B. Pettit, American attorney
William H. Pettit, New Zealand missionary


title: 2014 NAL season

text:
During the 2014 season, the National Adult League, an American soccer league, saw the expansion of the South Florida market with five added teams joining the NAL–Florida. The schedule for the Florida division was announced in May with each team to play an 8-game schedule.

The five new clubs were:

References

NAL


title: Mash Brewing Company

text:
Mash Brewing Company is a microbrewery in Henley Brook, located within the Swan Valley region of Western Australia.

History

Mash Brewing opened in April 2006, one of a number of craft breweries operating in the Swan Valley. Owned by Brad Cox, the brewery is located behind the main bar and the open working area allows customers to view the brewing activities. Mash Brewing has a 12-hectolitre brewhouse. The foundation Head Brewer was Dan Turley.

In mid-2008 the company opened Mash Bunbury, a scaled-down version of their Swan Valley operation, including a 100-litre microbrewery that produces seasonal beers for the venue, served on tap together with the full range of Mash beers.

In November 2011 a new team, headed by brewer Charlie Hodgson, was brought in and set about reinventing the Brewery's beer range.

The current brewing team are Adrian Godwin and Ivan Juggins, brewing Mash's core range as well as seasonal and limited releases.

Awards

 2018 AIBA – Silver Medal – Copy Cat
 2018 AIBA – Silver Medal – The Guvnor
 2018 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Little NEIPA

 2017 AIBA - Gold Medal - Three Fiddy (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Silver Medal - Guvnor (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Silver Medal - Indian Ale (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Silver Medal - Freo Doctor (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Bronze Medal - Copy Cat (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Bronze Medal - IRA (draught)
 2017 AIBA - Silver Medal - Invisible (packaged)
 2017 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2017 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Guvnor (draught)
 2017 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Indian Ale (draught)
 2017 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Freo Doctor (draught)
 2017 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – 3 Fiddy (draught)

 2016 AIBA – Gold Medal – Mash XPA (draught)
 2016 AIBA – Gold Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2016 AIBA – Silver Medal – Freo Doctor (draught)
 2016 AIBA – Silver Medal – Sarcasm (draught)
 2016 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Copy Cat (packaged)
 2016 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Grass Cutter (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Amber Ale (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Indian Pale Ale (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – American Pale Ale (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Other (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Indian Pale Ale (draught)
 2016 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Indian Pale Ale (packaged)

 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Koffee Stout (draught)
 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Invisible (draught)
 2015 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2015 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Grass Cutter (draught)
 2015 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Copy Cat (packaged)
 2015 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Grass Cutter (packaged)
 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Black List (draught)
 2015 Royal Perth Beer Show – Silver Medal – Grass Cutter (draught)
 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold – Premiers Trophy For Best West Australian Beer at the Show – Copy Cat
 2015 AIBA – Gold Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2015 Perth Royal Beer Show – Sail and Anchor Trophy for Best WA Brewery – Mash Brewing
 2015 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Black List Black Lager (draught)

 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Challenger IPA (packaged)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Russell (Packaged)
 2014 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Russell (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Mash Pale (Packaged)
 2014 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Rye the Hop Not (draught)
 2014 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Challenger IPA (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Copy Cat (packaged)
 2014 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Cat No.94 Rye Porter
 2014 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Silver Medal – Copy Cat AIPA
 2014 AIBA – Gold Medal – Copy Cat AIPA (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Copy Cat (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Russell (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Mash Pale (draught)
 2014 Sydney Royal Beer and Cider Show – Gold Medal – Russell
 2014 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Rye the Hop Not (draught)
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – The Beer and Beef Club of Perth Trophy for Best Ale Draught
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Sail and Anchor Trophy for Best WA Brewery – Mash Brewing
 2014 Perth Royal Beer Show – Hopco Trophy for Best Commercial Brewery

 2013 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Mash Contender Black IPA (draught)
 2013 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Koffee Stout (draught)
 2013 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Challenger IPA (draught)
 2013 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Mash Pale (draught)
 2013 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Amber (draught)
 2013 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Challenger IPA (draught)
 2013 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Mash Pale (draught)

 2012 AIBA – Silver Medal – Koffee Stout (draught)
 2012 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Ale Draught Tank 8 (draught)
 2012 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Koffee Stout (draught)
 2012 AIBA – Gold Medal – Deville (draught)
 2012 AIBA – Bronze Medal – Rye the Hop Not (draught)

 2010 Savour Australia – Finalist – Award for Excellence, Restaurant within a BrewPub
 2010 Perth Royal Beer Show – The Hopco Trophy for Best Stout Draught

 2008 AIBA - Gold Medal - Black Dark Lager (draught)
 2008 AIBA - Silver Medal - Honey Pils (draught)
 2008 AIBA - Silver Medal - Mex Lager (draught)
 2008 AIBA - Silver Medal - Pal (draught)

 2007 Perth Royal Beer Show – Cryer Malt Trophy for Best Ale
 2007 Perth Royal Beer Show – Gold Medal – Pale (draught)
 2007 Perth Royal Beer Show – Silver Medal – Honey Pils (draught)
 2007 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Belgian Tripel (draught)
 2007 Perth Royal Beer Show – Bronze Medal – Haze (draught)

See also

 List of breweries in Australia

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Mash Brewing website

Australian beer brands
Food and drink companies established in 2006
Beer brewing companies based in Western Australia
Australian companies established in 2006


title: Listed buildings in Rebild Municipality

text:
This is a list of listed buildings in Rebild Municipality, Denmark.

The list

References

External links
 Danish Agency of Culture

Rebild


title: Capalbio Scalo

text:
Capalbio Scalo is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Capalbio, province of Grosseto. It had a population of 551 as of 2011.

Geography
Capalbio Scalo is about 50 km from Grosseto and 9 km from Capalbio. It is in the plain of southern Maremma between the hills of Capalbio and the Tyrrhenian Sea.  Capalbio Scalo lies on the shore of Lago di Burano, an important natural reserve.

Main sights
 Church of Santa Maria Goretti (20th century) is the main parish church of the village. It was built in 1986 and consecrated by bishop Eugenio Binini.
 Tower of Buranaccio (16th century), built by the State of Presidi, is on the shore of the Burano Lake.
 Tower of Macchiatonda (17th century), coastal defense tower built by the State of Presidi, was restructured during the 19th century. It was used as a location in the 1969 movie The Seed of Man by director Marco Ferreri.

Transport
Capalbio Scalo is located along the Via Aurelia highway which links Grosseto to Rome. It is served by the Tirrenica railway line thanks to its own station.

Bibliography
 Fabiola Favilli, Capalbio. Alla scoperta del borgo e del territorio, Arcidosso, C&P Adver Effigi, 2011.

See also
 Borgo Carige
 Chiarone Scalo
 Giardino, Capalbio
 La Torba
 Pescia Fiorentina

Frazioni of Capalbio
Railway towns in Italy


title: Fossil Fighters: Frontier

text:
Fossil Fighters: Frontier is a 2014 video game developed by Spike Chunsoft, with assistance from Red Entertainment and Cyclone Zero, and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS console. The game is the third title in the Fossil Fighters series, and the first on the Nintendo 3DS. It was released in Japan on February 27, 2014, then in 2015 for North America on March 20 and on May 29 for Europe, making it the first installment of the series to be officially released in that part of the world.

Plot

INTERFOL agent Stryker has cornered the brilliant but malicious scientist Dr. Baron von Blackraven in his submarine lair. Since Blackraven has no intention of being arrested quietly, a Fossil Battle ensues, with Stryker winning when his vivosaur defeats Blackraven's corrupted vivosaur with a powerful attack. Just as Stryker prepares to take Blackraven into custody, however, he sees something horrible.

Five years later, Stryker becomes the head of the Wardens, an INTERFOL department of Fossil Fighters which travels the world investigating vivosaur activity. Eight teenagers arrive at the Warden HQ in Fossil Park Asia to take the final test to become Wardens themselves, having shown promise in earlier tests. One of the youths, the protagonist, has held a lifelong dream of joining INTERFOL. After the driving lesson, where the protagonist also learns how to excavate fossils and jewels, they are called over by Nate, one of their fellow recruits. Nate meddles with some machinery at the HQ's laboratory and releases a small and odd looking vivosaur. The pair chase it down, but the vivosaur runs into a rogue Gorgo. Ignoring Nate's call to back off, the protagonist battles the Gorgo, but is overwhelmed and only saved by Stryker's timely intervention. After this, the eight recruits are paired up for the final test. The protagonist's partner is an overweight young man named Roland, and at his suggestion, the two leave Fossil Park Asia to prepare for the test.

Development
The game was first announced for North America at E3 2014.

Gameplay
Players navigate the various dig sites using a vehicle called a Bone Buggy, which can be customized. Out on the dig sites, they can find Fossils and turn them into dinosaur-like monsters called Vivosaurs, which can be used in competitive three on three fights via Local Play or online. Unlike in the previous two installments, the player can encounter wild Vivosaurs instead of battling other Fossil Fighters in dig sites. The battle system also differs from that of Fossil Fighters and Fossil Fighters: Champions in that the player is only allowed to control one Vivosaur on their team at a time while the other two are controlled by CPU partners called "Paleo Pals"; instead of being based around the position of the Vivosaurs in the field like in the previous two titles, the battles revolve around how it stands, with each vivosaur having different strong and weak stances.

Reception
Fossil Fighters: Frontier received "mixed or average" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.

Notes

References

External links

2014 video games
Fossil Fighters
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Nintendo 3DS eShop games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo 3DS-only games
Nintendo Network games
Red Entertainment games
Role-playing video games
Spike Chunsoft video games
Video games about dinosaurs
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists


title: Seibu 4000 series

text:
The  is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway mainly on Seibu Chichibu Line services in Saitama Prefecture, Japan since 1988.

Design
The 4000 series trains were built between 1988 and 1992 by combining electrical equipment from former 101 series EMUs with new steel bodies. The trains are finished in a livery of ivory white with blue, red, and green stripes along the waist line, the team colours of the Saitama Seibu Lions baseball team. The driving cabs have a similar configuration to the earlier 101 series and 2000 series EMUs, with a left-hand master controller and right-hand brake control.

Operations

The fleet of four-car trains is primarily used on all-stations driver only operation "Local" services on the Seibu Chichibu Line between  and , but the trains are also used as eight-car formations on through "Rapid Express" train services from  on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line to  and  on the Chichibu Main Line. These trains divide and couple at , with separate portions for Mitsumineguchi and Nagatoro.

Fleet
, the fleet consists of twelve four-car sets, numbered 4001 to 4023, based at Musashigaoka depot.

Formations
Sets are formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and two non-powered driving trailer ("Tc") cars, and the Tc1 car at the southern (Ikebukuro) end.

The M1 car is fitted with two single-arm pantographs (originally lozenge-type pantographs).

Interior
Seating mainly consists of fixed 4-person facing seating bays, with longitudinal bench seating next to the doorways. The Tc1 car has a toilet.

History
The first train entered service in 1988, with twelve four-car sets built by 1992. The fleet was refurbished in 2002 for use on wanman driver only operation services on the Seibu Chichibu Line. Modifications included the addition of automatic passenger announcements.

Fifty-two Seats of Happiness

One four-car set was modified from set 4009 into a tourist train called the  for use on services operating between Seibu Shinjuku and Ikebukuro in Tokyo and Seibu Chichibu and Hon-Kawagoe in Saitama Prefecture, entering service from 17 April 2016. The interior and exterior design of the train was overseen by architect Kengo Kuma.

The automated on-board passenger announcements in Japanese use the voice of TV presenter , and the melody chimes accompanying the announcements were created by musician Minoru Mukaiya, who was formerly the keyboard player in the group Casiopea.

The train is formed as shown below, with car 1 at the Tokyo (southern) end.

Special liveries
From 16 January 2016, set 4015 received a special Hello Kitty livery as part of a campaign to promote tourism to the Chichibu area. It is scheduled to operate in this livery until 27 March 2016.

References

External links

 Seibu 4000 series train information
 Fifty-two Seats of Happiness train information

Electric multiple units of Japan
4000 series
Train-related introductions in 1988
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Tokyu Car multiple units


title: Sail

text:
A sail is a tensile structure, which is made from fabric or other membrane materials, that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles.  Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester cloth, laminated membranes or bonded filaments, usually in a three- or four-sided shape.

A sail provides propulsive force via a combination of lift and drag, depending on its angle of attack, its angle with respect to the apparent wind. Apparent wind is the air velocity experienced on the moving craft and is the combined effect of the true wind velocity with the velocity of the sailing craft. Angle of attack is often constrained by the sailing craft's orientation to the wind or point of sail. On points of sail where it is possible to align the leading edge of the sail with the apparent wind, the  sail may act as an airfoil, generating propulsive force as air passes along its surface, just as an airplane wing generates lift, which predominates over aerodynamic drag retarding forward motion. The more that the angle of attack diverges from the apparent wind as a sailing craft turns downwind, the more drag increases and lift decreases as propulsive forces, until a sail going downwind is predominated by drag forces. Sails are unable to generate propulsive force if they are aligned too closely to the wind.

Sails may be attached to a mast, boom or other spar or may be attached to a wire that is suspended by a mast. They are typically raised by a line, called a halyard, and their angle with respect to the wind is usually controlled by a line, called a sheet. In use, they may be designed to be curved in both directions along their surface, often as a result of their curved edges. Battens may be used to extend the trailing edge of a sail beyond the line of its attachment points.

Other non-rotating airfoils that power sailing craft include wingsails, which are rigid wing-like structures, and kites that power kite-rigged vessels, but do not employ a mast to support the airfoil and are beyond the scope of this article.

Rigs

Sailing craft employ two types of rig, the square rig and the fore-and-aft rig.

The square rig carries the primary driving sails on horizontal spars, which are perpendicular or square, to the keel of the vessel and to the masts. These spars are called yards and their tips, beyond the last stay, are called the yardarms. A ship mainly so rigged is called a square-rigger. The square rig is aerodynamically most efficient when running (sailing downwind).

A fore-and-aft rig consists of sails that are set along the line of the keel rather than perpendicular to it. Vessels so rigged are described as fore-and-aft rigged.

History

Archaeological studies of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture ceramics show use of sailing boats from the sixth millennium BCE onwards. Excavations of the Ubaid period (c. 6000–4300 BCE) in Mesopotamia provide direct  evidence of sailing boats.

Square rigs
Sails from ancient Egypt are depicted around 3200 BCE, where reed boats sailed upstream against the River Nile's current. Ancient Sumerians used square rigged sailing boats at about the same time, and it is believed they established sea trading routes as far away as the Indus valley. Greeks and Phoenicians began trading by ship by around 1200 BCE.

V-shaped square rigs with two spars that come together at the hull were the ancestral sailing rig of the Austronesian peoples before they developed the fore-and-aft crab claw, tanja and junk rigs. The date of introduction of these later Austronesian sails is disputed.

Lateen rigs

Lateen sails emerged by around the 2nd century CE in the Mediterranean. They did not become common until the 5th century, when there is evidence that the Mediterranean square sail (which had been in wide use throughout the classical period) was undergoing a simplification of its rigging components. Both the increasing popularity of the lateen and the changes to the contemporary square rig are suggested to be cost saving measures, reducing the number of expensive components needed to fit out a ship.

It has been a common and erroneous presumption among maritime historians that lateen had significantly better sailing performance than the square rig of the same period. Analysis of voyages described in contemporary accounts and also in various replica vessels demonstrates that the performance of square rig and lateen were very similar. Lateen provided a cheaper rig to build and maintain, with no degradation of performance.

The lateen was adopted by Arab seafarers (usually in the sub-type: the settee sail), but the date is uncertain, with no firm evidence for their use in the Western Indian Ocean before 1500 CE. There is, however, good iconographic evidence of square sails being used by Arab, Persian and Indian ships in this region in, for instance, 1519.

The popularity of the caravel in Northern European waters from about 1440 made lateen sails familiar in this part of the world. Adittionally, lateen sails were used for the mizzen on early three-masted ships, playing a significant role in the development of the full-rigged ship. It did not, however, provide much of the propulsive force of these vessels – rather serving as a balancing sail that was needed for some manoeuvres in some sea and wind conditions. The extensive amount of contemporary maritime art showing the lateen mizzen on 16th and 17th century ships often has the sail furled. Practical experience on the Duyfken replica confirmed the role of the lateen mizzen.

Crab claw rigs

Austronesian invention of catamarans, outriggers, and the bi-sparred triangular crab claw sails enabled their ships to sail for vast distances in open ocean. It led to the Austronesian Expansion. From Taiwan, they rapidly settled the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia, then later sailed further onwards to Micronesia, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar, eventually settling a territory spanning half the globe.

The proto-Austronesian  words  for sail, lay(r), and  some other rigging parts date to about 3000 BCE when this group began their Pacific expansion. The absence of proto-Austronesian words for some rigging parts is evidence that the more complex sails were later developments, so calling into question the traditionalist model of Austronesian sail development. Austronesian rigs were distinctive in that they had spars supporting both the upper and lower edges of the sails (and sometimes in between), in contrast to western rigs which only had a spar on the upper edge. The sails were also made from salt-resistant woven leaves, usually from pandan plants.

Crab claw sails used with single-outrigger ships in Micronesia, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar were intrinsically unstable when tacking leeward. To deal with this, Austronesians in these regions developed the shunting technique in sailing, in conjunction with uniquely reversible single-outriggers. In the rest of Austronesia,  crab claw sails were mainly for double-outrigger (trimarans) and double-hulled (catamarans) boats, which remained stable even leeward.

In western Island Southeast Asia, later square sails also evolved from the crab claw sail, the tanja and the junk rig, both of which retained the Austronesian characteristic of having more than one spar supporting the sail.

Aerodynamic forces

Aerodynamic forces on sails depend on wind speed and direction and the speed and direction of the craft. The direction that the craft is traveling with respect to the true wind (the wind direction and speed over the surface) is called the "point of sail". The speed of the craft at a given point of sail contributes to the apparent wind (VA), the wind speed and direction as measured on the moving craft. The apparent wind on the sail creates a total aerodynamic force, which may be resolved into drag, the force component in the direction of the apparent wind and lift, the force component normal (90°) to the apparent wind. Depending on the alignment of the sail with the apparent wind, lift or drag may be the predominant propulsive component. Total aerodynamic force also resolves into a forward, propulsive, driving force, resisted by the medium through or over which the craft is passing (e.g. through water, air, or over ice, sand) and a lateral force, resisted by the underwater foils, ice runners, or wheels of the sailing craft.

For apparent wind angles aligned with the entry point of the sail, the sail acts as an airfoil and lift is the predominant component of propulsion. For apparent wind angles behind the sail, lift diminishes and drag increases as the predominant component of propulsion. For a given true wind velocity over the surface, a sail can propel a craft to a higher speed, on points of sail when the entry point of the sail is aligned with the apparent wind, than it can with the entry point not aligned, because of a combination of the diminished force from airflow around the sail and the diminished apparent wind from the velocity of the craft. Because of limitations on speed through the water, displacement sailboats generally derive power from sails generating lift on points of sail that include close-hauled through broad reach (approximately 40° to 135° off the wind). Because of low friction over the surface and high speeds over the ice that create  high apparent wind speeds for most points of sail, iceboats can derive power from lift further off the wind than displacement boats.

Types

Each rig is configured in a sail plan, appropriate to the size of the sailing craft. A sail plan is a set of drawings, usually prepared by a naval architect which shows the various combinations of sail proposed for a sailing ship. Sail plans may vary for different wind conditions—light to heavy. Both square-rigged and fore-and-aft rigged vessels have been built with a wide range of configurations for single and multiple masts with sails and with a variety of means of primary attachment to the craft, including:
Jibs, which are usually attached to forestays, and staysails, which are mounted on other stays (typically wire cable) that support other masts from the bow aft.
Gaff-rigged quadrilateral and Bermuda triangular sails, fore-and-aft sails directly attached to the mast at the luff.
Square sails and such fore-and-aft quadrilateral sails as lug rigs, junk and spritsails and such triangular sails as the lateen, and the crab claw have their primary attachment to the vessel via a spar.
Symmetrical spinnakers' primary attachment to a vessel is by a halyard.

High-performance yachts, including the International C-Class Catamaran, have used or use rigid wing sails, which  perform better than traditional soft sails but are more difficult to manage. A rigid wing sail was used by Stars and Stripes, the defender which won the 1988 America's Cup, and by USA-17, the challenger which won the 2010 America's Cup. USA 17'''s performance during the 2010 America's Cup races demonstrated a velocity made good upwind of over twice the wind speed and downwind of over 2.5 times the wind speed and the ability to sail as close as 20 degrees off the apparent wind.

Shape

The shape of a sail is defined by its edges and corners in the plane of the sail, laid out on a flat surface. The edges may be curved, either to extend the sail's shape as an airfoil or to define its shape in use. In use, the sail becomes a curved shape, adding the dimension of depth or draft.Edges – The top of all sails is called the head, the leading edge is called the luff on fore-and-aft sails and on windward leech symmetrical sails, the trailing edge is the leech, and the bottom edge is the foot. The head is attached at the throat and peak to a gaff, yard, or sprit. For a triangular sail the head refers to the topmost corner.
A fore-and-aft triangular mainsail achieves a better approximation of a wing form by extending the leech aft, beyond the line between the head and clew on an arc called the roach, rather than having a triangular shape. This added area would flutter in the wind and not contribute to the efficient airfoil shape of the sail without the presence of battens. Offshore cruising mainsails sometimes have a hollow leech (the inverse of a roach) to obviate the need for battens and their ensuing likelihood of chafing the sail. The roach on a square sail design is the arc of a circle above a straight line from clew to clew at the foot of a square sail, which allows the foot of the sail to clear stays coming up the mast, as the sails are rotated from side to side.Corners – The names of corners of sails vary, depending on shape and symmetry. In a triangular sail, the corner where the luff and the leech connect is called the head. On a square sail, the top corners are head cringles, where there are grommets, called cringles. On a quadrilateral sail, the peak is the upper aft corner of the sail, at the top end of a gaff or other spar. The throat is the upper forward corner of the sail, at the bottom end of a gaff or other spar. Gaff-rigged sails, and certain similar rigs, employ two halyards to raise the sails: the throat halyard raises the forward, throat end of the gaff, while the peak halyard raises the aft, peak end.
The corner where the leech and foot connect is called the clew on a fore-and-aft sail. On a jib, the sheet is connected to the clew; on a mainsail, the sheet is connected to the boom (if present) near the clew. Clews are the lower two corners of a square sail. Square sails have sheets attached to their clews like triangular sails, but the sheets are used to pull the sail down to the yard below rather than to adjust the angle it makes with the wind. The corner where the leech and the foot connect is called the clew. The corner on a fore-and-aft sail where the luff and foot connect is called the tack and, on a mainsail, is located where the boom and mast connect.
In the case of a symmetrical spinnaker, each of the lower corners of the sail is a clew.  However, under sail on a given tack, the corner to which the spinnaker sheet is attached is called the clew, and the corner attached to the spinnaker pole is referred to as the tack. On a square sail underway, the tack is the windward clew and also the line holding down that corner.Draft – Those triangular sails that are attached to both a mast along the luff and a boom along the foot have depth, called draft, which results from the luff and foot being curved, rather than straight as they are attached to those spars. Draft creates a more efficient airfoil shape for the sail. Draft can also be induced in triangular staysails by adjustment of the sheets and the angle from which they reach the sails.

Material

Sail characteristics derive, in part, from the design, construction and the attributes of the fibers, which are woven together to make the sail cloth. There are several key factors in evaluating a fiber for suitability in weaving a sail-cloth: initial modulus, breaking strength (tenacity), creep, and flex strength. Both the initial cost and its durability of the material define its cost-effectiveness over time.

Traditionally, sails were made from flax or cotton canvas. Materials used in sails, as of the 21st century, include nylon for spinnakers, where light weight and elastic resistance to shock load are valued and a range of fibers, used for triangular sails, that includes Dacron, aramid fibers including Kevlar, and other liquid crystal polymer fibers including Vectran. Woven materials, like Dacron, may specified as either high or low tenacity, as indicated, in part by their denier count (a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers).

ConstructionCross-cut sails have the panels sewn parallel to one another, often parallel to the foot of the sail, and are the least expensive of the two sail constructions. Triangular cross-cut sail panels are designed to meet the mast and stay at an angle from either the warp or the weft (on the bias) to allow stretching along the luff, but minimize stretching on the luff and foot, where the fibers are aligned with the edges of the sail.Radial sails have panels that "radiate" from corners in order to efficiently transmit stress and are typically of higher performance than cross-cut sails. A bi-radial sail has panels radiating from two of three corners; a tri-radial sail has panels radiating from all three corners. Mainsails are more likely to be bi-radial, since there is very little stress at the tack, whereas head sails (spinnakers and jibs) are more likely to be tri-radial, because they are tensioned at their corners.

Higher performance sails may be laminated, constructed directly from multiple plies of filaments, fibers, taffetas, and films, instead of woven textiles that are adhered together.  Molded sails are laminated sails formed over a curved mold and adhered together into a shape that does not lie flat.

Conventional sail panels are sewn together. Sails are tensile structures, so the role of a seam is to transmit a tensile load from panel to panel. For a sewn textile sail this is done through thread and is limited by the strength of the thread and the strength of the hole in the textile through which it passes. Sail seams are often overlapped between panels and sewn with zig-zag stitches that create many connections per unit of seam length.

Whereas textiles are typically sewn together, other sail materials may be ultrasonically welded, a technique whereby high frequency ultrasonic acoustic vibrations are locally applied to workpieces being held together under pressure to create a solid state weld. It is commonly used for plastics, and especially for joining dissimilar materials.

Sails feature reinforcements of fabric layers where lines attach at grommets or cringles. A bolt rope may be sewn onto the edges of a sail to reinforce it, or to fix the sail into a groove in the boom, in the mast, or in the luff foil of a roller-furling jib. They may have stiffening features, called battens, that help shape the sail, when full length, or just the roach, when present. They may have a variety of means of reefing them (reducing sail area), including rows of short lines affixed to the sail to wrap up unused sail, as on square and gaff rigs, or simply grommets through which a line or a hook may pass, as on Bermuda mainsails. Fore-and-aft sails may have tell-tales—pieces of yarn, thread or tape that are affixed to sails—to help visualize airflow over their surfaces.

Running rigging

The lines that attach to and control sails are part of the running rigging and differ between square and fore-and-aft rigs. Some rigs shift from one side of the mast to the other, e.g. the dipping lug sail and the lateen. The lines can be categorized as those that support the sail, those that shape it, and those that control its angle to the wind.

Fore-and-aft rigged vessels
Fore-and-aft rigged vessels have rigging that supports, shapes, and adjusts the sails to optimize their performance in the wind, which include the following lines:Supporting – Halyards raise sails and control luff tension. Topping lifts hold booms and yards aloft. On a gaff sail, brails run from the leech to the spar to facilitate furling.Shaping – Barber haulers adjust a spinnaker/jib sheeting angle inboard at right angles to the sheet with a ring or clip on the sheet attached to cordage which is secured and adjusted via fairlead and cam cleat. Kicking straps/boom vangs control a boom-footed sail's leech tension by exerting downward force mid-boom. Cunninghams tighten the luff of a boom-footed sail by pulling downward on a cringle in the luff of a mainsail above the tack. Downhauls  lower a sail or a yard and can adjust the tension on the luff of a sail.  Outhauls control the foot tension of a boom-footed sail. Adjusting angle to the wind – Sheets control angle of attack with respect to the apparent wind, the amount of leech "twist" near the head of the sail, and the foot tension of  loose-footed sails. A preventer attaches to the end of the boom from a point near the mast to prevent an accidental gybe. Guys control spinnaker pole angle with respect to the apparent wind.

Square-rigged vessels
Square-rigged vessels require more controlling lines than fore-and-aft rigged ones, including the following.Supporting – Halyards raise and lower the yards. Brails run from the leech to the spar to facilitate furling. Buntlines serve to raise the foot up for shortening sail or for furling. Lifts adjust the tilt of a yard, to raise or lower the ends off the horizontal. Leechlines run to the leech (outer vertical edges) of a sail and serve to pull the leech both in and up when furling.Shaping – Bowlines run from the leech forward towards the bow to control the weather leech, keeping it taut and thus preventing it from curling back on itself. Clewlines raise the clews to the yard above.Adjusting angle to the wind –  Braces adjust the fore and aft angle of a yard (i.e. to rotate the yard laterally, fore and aft, around the mast). Sheets attach to the clew to control the sail's angle to the wind. Tacks'' haul the clew of a square sail forward.

Gallery

See also

Components
Marine canvas
Sail Class Markings
Baggywrinkle

Concepts
Sail twist

Related
Cruising (maritime)
SkySails

Types of sails
Mainsail
Mizzen
Wingsail

Legend

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Sailboats database: sailing yacht specifications worldwide
Sail Design Software
The quest for the perfect sailshape
FABRIC Sail Design Software
Laminated Sails: Doyle Stratis

Ancient Egyptian technology
Chinese inventions
Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
Marine propulsion
Sailboat components
Sailing rigs and rigging


title: William Wright (Australian politician)

text:
William Henry Wright (1816 – 1 February 1877) was a British Army officer and politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), and a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Early life
Wright was born in Sandhurst, Berkshire, England, to Colonel Charles Wright and Harriet, née Frere. In 1833, after officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Wright served with the 50th Regiment in New Zealand and on Norfolk Island.

Career in Australia
He sold his army commission in 1838 and trained as a surveyor in New South Wales. He joined the New South Wales Survey Department under Major Thomas Mitchell on 27 July 1838. Wright became Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Wellington District on 13 June 1843. In 1845, Wright ordered a number of troopers to deal with Aboriginal disturbances at the Macquarie Marshes and at Narromine. This force killed upwards of twenty people in these punitive expeditions. Thomas Mitchell travelled through this region about 12 months after the raids and described how most of the males of the tribe who lived in that area had been killed and many of the women taken to work as slaves on cattle stations.

In late 1846, Wright was transferred to be Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Wimmera district. He was appointed chief commissioner of the goldfields on 1 May 1852 by  Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobe.

Wright appointed as a member of the Victorian Legislative Council on 29 August 1853 and held that position until the original Council was abolished in March 1856. Wright was later appointed a police magistrate in the Jamieson district. This position he retained until he was appointed secretary for railways on 29 July 1862. Wright acted in this latter capacity for a number of years, giving general satisfaction to the successive responsible heads of the department, and proving himself an efficient public officer. When the previous sheriff of Victoria, Claud Farie, died in 1871, Wright, by his own request, was appointed to the position, which he continued to hold up to the time of his death.

Wright married Mary Meek on 28 August 1866. He died in Brighton, Victoria at the home of George Higinbotham sometime on the morning of 1 February 1877 after dining there the previous night, and was buried in St Kilda Cemetery.

References

1816 births
1877 deaths
Military personnel from Berkshire
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
English emigrants to colonial Australia
People from Sandhurst, Berkshire
Burials in Victoria (state)
Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment officers
Sheriffs of Victoria (state)
19th-century Australian politicians
Australian surveyors
Eureka Rebellion


title: SMU Mustangs women's soccer

text:
The SMU Mustangs women's soccer program represents Southern Methodist University in National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I. The Mustangs compete in the American Athletic Conference (The American) and play their home games on SMU's campus in Dallas, Texas at Westcott Field.

History
The SMU women's soccer program played their first season in 1986 under the direction of head coach Alan Kirkup. The Mustangs made their first NCAA Tournament appearance in 1990.

The Southwest Conference sponsored women's soccer in 1995, and in that season the Mustangs advanced to the NCAA Final Four after winning both the SWC regular season and tournament championships.

SMU joined the Western Athletic Conference in 1996, and Greg Ryan took over the program. The Mustangs returned to the NCAA Tournament in 1997, and won the regular season conference title in all three of Ryan's seasons at SMU.

George Van Linder was named head coach in 1999, and SMU continued their success with three NCAA Tournament appearances and three regular season conference championships in Van Linder's four seasons.

John Cossaboon took control as head coach in 2003, and SMU returned to the NCAA Tournament again in both 2003 and 2004. The Mustangs also won both the WAC regular season and tournament championships in their final two seasons in the WAC.

In the nine seasons SMU competed in the WAC, the Mustangs advanced to the NCAA Tournament six times. The Mustangs also won the conference regular season championship eight times and the conference postseason tournament championship six times.

SMU joined Conference USA in 2005, and the Mustangs continued their success with two more appearances in the NCAA Tournament as well as two more regular season conference championships under the direction of Cossaboon.

Two-time National Coach Of The Year Chris Petrucelli was named head coach of SMU in 2012. The Mustangs joined The American Athletic Conference in 2013.

Stadium
The Mustangs play their home games at Westcott Field on the campus of SMU.  The soccer field is natural grass and measures  x . However, the field will be renovated and renamed to the Washburne Soccer and Track Stadium.

Notable former players

 Danielle Fotopoulous (Garrett) (1994–1995)
 Marci Jobson (Miller) (1996–1997)
 Erin McLeod (2000–2001)
 Vanessa Valadez (2014–2018)
 Claire Oats (2014–2017)
 Allie Thorton (2016–2019)

Coaches

Seasons

See also
 SMU Mustangs
 SMU Mustangs men's soccer

References

External links
 SMU Women's Soccer Home Page

NCAA Division I women's soccer teams
Soccer clubs in Texas


title: Francis D'Souza (politician)

text:
Francisco Casimiro Jerónimo Agnelo Pinto de Souza (4 October 1954 – 14 February 2019), better known as Francis D'Souza, was an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party who served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Goa. He had first unsuccessfully contested in the 1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election from the Mapusa Assembly constituency as an Independent candidate.

Political career
D'Souza was first elected to the Goa Legislative Assembly in 1999 as the Goa Rajiv Congress Party's candidate and later in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 as the BJP candidate from the Mapusa constituency. He was appointed Deputy Chief Minister when BJP formed a government in 2012 under Manohar Parrikar's leadership and remained Deputy Chief Minister when Laxmikant Parsekar became the Chief Minister. He was also front-runner to succeed Manohar Parrikar as the chief minister.

Controversy
In July 2014, he landed into a controversy after publicly declaring that India is a Hindu nation and he was a Christian-Hindu.

Death
D'Souza died on 14 February 2019 at the age of 64 following a battle with cancer.

Positions held

 1985 - Elected as the Councillor of Mapusa Municipal Council.
 1986-1988 - President of Mapusa Municipal Council.
 1995 - Elected as the Councillor of Mapusa Municipal Council.
 1998-2000 Chairman of Mapusa Municipal Council.
 1999 - Cabinet Minister of Law, Election and Urban Development
 2000-2002 - Cabinet Minister of Judiciary and Labour & Employment till
 2002-2005 - Cabinet Minister of Information Technology, Law & Judiciary, Legislative Affairs and Craftsmen Training.
 2012-2014 - Cabinet Minister of Urban Development, Revenue and Craftsmen Training
 2014-2019 - Deputy Chief Minister, Cabinet Minister of Health, Revenue, Town and Country Planning, Urban Development and Law, Legislative Affairs
 2017-2019 - Cabinet Minister of Urban Development, Law and Judiciary, Legislative Affairs and Provedoria.

References

1954 births
2019 deaths
Deputy chief ministers of Goa
People from Mapusa
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa
Goa MLAs 1999–2002
Goa MLAs 2002–2007
Goa MLAs 2007–2012
Goa MLAs 2012–2017
Goa MLAs 2017–2022
Goa Rajiv Congress Party politicians
Indian Roman Catholics


title: Gymnastics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's rhythmic individual all-around

text:
The women's rhythmic individual all-around gymnastics competition at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland was held from 24 July to 25 July at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre.

The team competition on 24 July, was also used as the qualifying competition for the individual-all around. 32 athletes participated with the top 16 advancing to the final. However, only two athletes per nation were allowed to progress.

Qualification
Results:

R1 = 1st reserve for final R2 = 2nd reserve for final

Final
Results:

References

Gymnastics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
2014 in women's gymnastics