title: Brown frog (disambiguation)

text:
The brown frog (Rana) is a genus of about 50 species of true frogs found through much of Eurasia, North America, Africa, Central America, and the northern half of South America.

Brown frog may also refer to:

 Brown ball frog or West African brown frog (Aubria subsigillata), a frog in the family Pyxicephalidae found in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and possibly Nigeria
 Brown banana frog (Afrixalus dorsalis), a frog in the family Hyperoliidae found in Angola, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and possibly Togo
 Brown bromeliad frog (Crossodactylodes pintoi), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae endemic to southeastern Brazil
 Brown leaping frog (Indirana semipalmata a frog in the family Ranixalidae endemic to the Western Ghats of India
 Brown rice frog (Microhyla fusca), a frog in the family Microhylidae endemic to Vietnam
 Brown thorny frog (Chaperina fusca), a frog in the family Microhylidae found on the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and the Philippines
 Brown tropical frog (Micrixalus fuscus), a frog in the family Micrixalidae found in the Western Ghats of India
 Plains brown tree frog (Litoria paraewingi), a frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Australia
 Southern brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii), a frog in the family Hylidae native to southeastern Australia including Tasmania

See also

 Brown-striped frog (Limnodynastes peronii), a frog in the family Myobatrachidae native to coastal Eastern Australia
 Chestnut-brown frog (Fejervarya andamanensis), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae only found in the Andaman Islands, India

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles

text:
The Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held at the Scotstoun Sports Campus, Glasgow. Singles play took place from 24 July to 28 July.

Nick Matthew defeated James Willstrop 11–9, 8–11, 11–5, 6–11, 11–5 in 99 minutes to win the gold medal.

Medalists

Seeds

Draws & Results

Main draw
The draw.

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 1

Section 2

Plate

Classic

Consolation

Qualification

Plate

References

Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Dodecyl acetate

text:
Dodecyl acetate or lauryl acetate, CH3COO(CH2)11CH3, is the dodecyl ester of acetic acid. It has a floral odor and is useful as a perfume additive.

References

Acetate esters


title: Jack Eichel

text:
Jack Robert Eichel<ref> "Pure gold: @Jack_Eichel11 takes the ice with a 7-year-old @TimHortonsUS Timbit & shares some pointers." Retrieved January 26, 2019</</ref> is an American professional ice hockey center and alternate captain for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL). Eichel was selected second overall in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Sabres. Before entering the league, Eichel was described at the age of 17 as "the new face of American hockey," and he was considered a member of a rising class of generational talents in the sport.

Eichel was the recipient of the 2015 Hobey Baker Award, given to the top National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey player. He was the second freshman to win the award, the other being Paul Kariya in 1993. Eichel won the Stanley Cup with the Golden Knights in 2023, his first playoff appearance.

Playing career

Amateur
Eichel was born in Chelmsford, MA and grew up in North Chelmsford, Massachusetts. He played for the USA Hockey National Team Development Program team during the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons, and was recognized for his outstanding play during the 2013–14 season when he was named to the United States Hockey League Second All-Star Team. After his second season within the Development Program, Eichel signed a letter of intent to commit to Boston University of the Hockey East on April 29, 2014.

On April 10, 2015, Eichel became the second freshman to win the Hobey Baker Award, which was previously won by Paul Kariya in 1993. In 40 games with Boston University, Eichel led the nation in scoring with 26 goals, 45 assists, and 71 points. Eichel was also the Hockey East scoring champion, Player of the Year, Rookie of the Year, First Team Hockey East and a member of the All-Rookie Team, and was named MVP of the conference tournament. The Terriers reached the NCAA Frozen Four, where they lost to the Providence Friars 4–3 in the championship game, with Eichel recording an assist. Eichel was projected to be the second overall selection in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft behind projected first overall pick Connor McDavid.

Professional

Buffalo Sabres
On June 26, 2015, Eichel was selected second overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft, one pick after the Edmonton Oilers selected Connor McDavid. In the months leading up to the draft, considerable interest and hype arose surrounding Eichel and McDavid, both seen as generational talents. For example, the sports section of the Buffalo News regularly published the "McEichel Derby," a graphic of the teams at the bottom of the standings. On July 1, 2015, Eichel signed a three-year entry-level contract with the Sabres.

On August 13, 2015, Eichel signed a sponsorship deal with Bauer Hockey, which states Eichel will wear its equipment exclusively and Bauer will provide him with its apparel.

Eichel scored his first NHL goal on October 8, 2015, becoming the youngest player in Sabres history to do so, in his first game in the NHL against the Ottawa Senators. He finished his rookie campaign with 24 goals and 56 points in 81 games, being the Sabres' top goalscorer and second in points (after Ryan O'Reilly) and second in both criteria among rookies, after Artemi Panarin. On October 12, 2016, Eichel suffered a severe high ankle sprain to his left ankle in practice and had to be helped off of the ice; he missed the first two months of the season before making his season debut on November 29. He finished the year with 24 goals and 33 assists in just 61 games.

Before the 2017–18 season, on October 3, 2017, the Sabres signed Eichel to an eight-year, $80 million contract extension worth $10 million annually which began at the start of the 2018–19 season. On December 15, 2017, Eichel scored his first career hat trick against the Carolina Hurricanes in a 5–4 loss. On January 11, 2018, Eichel was selected as the sole representative of the Sabres for the 2018 NHL All-Star game. This was the first NHL All-Star game of Eichel's career. During a game in February against the Boston Bruins, Eichel sprained his ankle and was ruled out for 4–6 weeks. He returned 15 games later to help the Sabres beat the Chicago Blackhawks for the first time since 2009. Eichel finished the 2017–18 season with 25 goals and 39 assists for a total of 64 points in only 67 games.

During the summer before the 2018–19 season, Eichel changed his jersey number from 15 to 9, the same number he wore at Boston University. On October 3, 2018, before the beginning of the regular season, Eichel was named the captain of the Sabres. On March 10, 2019, Eichel was suspended for two games for illegally checking Colorado Avalanche player Carl Söderberg in the head. On March 28, 2019, Eichel scored his 100th career goal in a 5–4 overtime loss to the Detroit Red Wings.

On November 16, 2019, Eichel scored four goals in a 4–2 win over the Ottawa Senators. He was the seventh Sabres player to record four goals in one game and first since Thomas Vanek did it on April 10, 2010. On December 7, Eichel recorded two assists to reach 300 career points in a 6–5 overtime loss to the Vancouver Canucks. On January 2, 2020, Eichel became the first player in Sabres history to score a penalty shot goal in overtime, and also set a franchise record for goals scored in overtime, as the Sabres won 3–2 against the Edmonton Oilers. On February 1, Eichel scored the eighth overtime goal of his career in a 2–1 win over the Columbus Blue Jackets, improving the previous franchise record for most regular-season overtime goals.

On April 14, 2021, it was announced that Eichel would miss the remainder of the 2020–21 season to recover from surgery to repair a spinal disc herniation. In May, Eichel, along with Sam Reinhart, expressed their frustration with the Sabres. He stated, "I have a lot of thinking to do in this offseason... there's a lot I have to consider." Specifically, Eichel was frustrated with the Sabres' refusal to clear him to undergo artificial disk replacement, a procedure recommended by his personal chiropractor and an outside doctor he had consulted, but had never before been performed on an active NHL player. The current collective bargaining agreement between the NHL and its players' union gives teams the final say on players' medical care.

Eichel's relationship with the Sabres failed to improve, and on September 23, 2021, Eichel was stripped of the team captaincy as a result of failing his physical and being placed on long-term injured reserve.

Vegas Golden Knights
On November 4, 2021, Eichel was traded, along with a third-round draft pick, to the Vegas Golden Knights in exchange for Alex Tuch, Peyton Krebs, and first-round and second-round draft picks. His new team allowed Eichel to undergo his preferred surgery, and following recovery he began training with the team. He made his debut with the Golden Knights on February 16, 2022, a 2–0 loss to the Colorado Avalanche. This was Eichel's first NHL game in almost a year, and he remarked that "I was having a pretty fun time out there," adding that he expected returning to competition would be a process. He scored his first goal with the Golden Knights on February 20, a 4–1 victory over the San Jose Sharks, notching an assist as well in the game. On March 10, he made his first appearance with the Golden Knights in Buffalo, where he was greeted with consistent booing from the crowd, notably when Tuch, who had been part of the trade, stripped the puck from him and scored to complete the Sabres' 3–1 victory. Eichel remarked, "This is about the loudest I've heard this place ever. Really. After it took seven years, and me leaving for them to get into the game." Eichel would ultimately finish the season with twelve goals and ten assists in 33 games, generally deemed a successful return, but the Golden Knights struggled with injuries to numerous core players and ultimately missed the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. This turn of events would also be greeted with jeers among many Sabres fans.

The 2022–23 season would begin on a much better note for the Golden Knights, with new coach Bruce Cassidy's arrival shifting the team's playing style and calling on Eichel to assume heavy responsibilities in the defensive zone. In the first 23 games of the season, Eichel registered 26 points, a career-high pace, while the Knights took a clear lead in the Pacific Division. His second return to Buffalo would be a much greater success than the first, scoring a hat trick and also managing an assist while leading the Golden Knights to a 7–4 victory. Eichel missed several games in December and January with a lower body injury, which inaugurated a noticeable cold spell in his point production, in turn contributing to a downtick in the Golden Knights' record heading into the All-Star break. He was rejuvenated upon his return, helping the team win the Pacific Division title. He finished the regular season with 27 goals and 39 assists in 67 games. The Golden Knights qualified for the 2023 Stanley Cup playoffs with a first-round matchup against the Winnipeg Jets, ending Eichel's long history of missing the post-season. After a slow start in the early games, Eichel became one of the Golden Knights' most important players, leading the team to win the series in five games. Vegas advanced to the second round to face the Edmonton Oilers, a matchup that attracted media attention due to its pitting Eichel against McDavid, which had been considered a potential career rivalry at the time of the 2015 draft. The Golden Knights defeated the Oilers in a six-game series, reaching the Western Conference Final against the Dallas Stars, with Eichel earning praise for his playoff performance. After beating the Stars in six games, the Golden Knights reached the Cup Finals against the Florida Panthers, winning in five games. Eichel led the league in postseason scoring with 26 points, the third-most for any NHL player in their first playoffs. He finished second in voting for the Conn Smythe Trophy for playoff MVP, behind linemate Jonathan Marchessault.

International play

As a 15-year-old Eichel represented the United States at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. He won a bronze medal with Team USA at the 2013 World U-17 Hockey Challenge and a silver medal at the 2013 IIHF World U18 Championships. The following season he helped the USA squad capture the gold medal at the 2014 IIHF World U18 Championships, and he competed as a 17-year-old as Team USA's youngest player at the 2014 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Eichel represented Team USA in the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship.

At the conclusion of his freshman season with the Terriers, Eichel was named to make his full international debut with Team USA at the 2015 World Championships. Eichel scored 2 goals, including a game winner in the group stage against Slovakia, and 5 assists during the tournament, where Team USA won bronze. Eichel was selected to the 2017 Team USA IIHF World Championship roster. Team USA was eliminated in the quarter-finals and placed fifth overall. Eichel recorded zero goals and five assists in eight games at the championship.

On April 19, 2019, Eichel was selected to represent Team USA at the 2019 IIHF World Championship, held in Bratislava and Kosice, Slovakia.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs
Bold indicates led league

International

Awards and honors

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans
American people of Canadian descent
American men's ice hockey centers
Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey players
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres players
Chelmsford High School alumni
Hobey Baker Award winners
Ice hockey players at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Stanley Cup champions
USA Hockey National Team Development Program players
Vegas Golden Knights players


title: Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's singles

text:
The Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held at the Scotstoun Sports Campus, Glasgow. Singles play took place from 24 July to 28 July.

Top seed Nicol David defeated the 2nd seed Laura Massaro 12–10, 11–2, 11–4 in 46 minutes to win the gold medal.

Medalists

Seeds

Draws & Results

Main draw
The draw.

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 1

Section 2

Plate

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Consolation

References

Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Common


title: Nicole Cherubini

text:
Nicole Cherubini (born 1970, Boston, MA) is an American visual artist and sculptor. She lives and works in New York.

Work
Working largely in sculpture and mixed media, she has presented solo exhibitions at Samsøñ (Boston, MA), Perez Art Museum Miami (Miami, FL), the Santa Monica Museum of Art (Los Angeles, CA), the Institute of Contemporary Art (Philadelphia, PA), Tracy Williams (NY), the Nassau County Museum of Art (Roslyn Harbor, NY), the Jersey City Museum (Jersey City, NJ), and La Panadería (Mexico City, MX). Her works have been included in group exhibitions at institutions including MoMA PS1 (Long Island City, NY), the Cranbrook Art Museum (Bloomfield Hills, MI), The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery (Saratoga, NY), the Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, MA), the Institute of Contemporary Art (Boston, MA), the Boston University Art Gallery (Boston, MA), the Boston Center for the Arts (Boston, MA), Permanenten: The West Norway Museum of Decorative Art (Bergen, NO), the Rhode Island School of Design Museum (Providence, RI), and the Sculpture Center (Long Island City, NY). Her work has received press from Art in America, Art Forum, Art News, BOMB Magazine, The New York Times, The New Yorker; also featured on The Pot Book by Edmund De Waal, and Breaking The Mold new approaches to ceramics by black god publishing. Her work is in the public collections at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Boston, MA), the Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, MA), the Institute of Contemporary Art (Boston, MA), the Perez Museum Miami (Miami, FL), The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery (Saratoga, NY), the Progressive Collection (Mayfield Village, OH), and the Tishman Speyer Collection (NY).

Education
Cherubini graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1993 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Ceramics. She continued her education at New York University Institute of Fine Arts, earning her Master of Fine Arts in Visual Arts in 1998. Cherubini attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in 2002.

Awards
Cherubini is a recipient of the NEA Travel Grant to Mexico (1994), a New England Foundation for the Arts Fellowship in Sculpture (1995), a Watershed Center for Ceramic Arts Residency Fellowship (1997), the Jack Goodman Award for Art and Technology at New York University (1998), the Greenwich House Pottery Artist Residency (Summer-Fall 2000), a Residency at Henry Street Settlement in New York, NY (2002), the Emerge Artist Development Program, Aljira Center for Contemporary Art, New Jersey, NJ (2002),  the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award (2007) and an Art Matters Foundation Grant for travel and work in Mexico (2008–09).

Representation
She is represented by SEPTEMBER Gallery in Hudson, NY and Tracy Williams, Ltd. in New York City.

References

Further reading

Sources

Curriculum vitae

 2014 Bomb Magazine interview of Nicole Cherubini by Sarah Braman
"Art in America" review by Faye Hirsch
"Artforum" Top Ten
"Artnews" CLAYTIME! CERAMICS FINDS ITS PLACE IN THE ART-WORLD MAINSTREAM by Lilly Wei
"NY Times" Spray!: Polly Apfelbaum/Nicole Cherubini Studiowork by ROBERTA SMITH
"The New Yorker" DAVIS, CHERUBINI
"Big Red & Shiny" Review of golden specific at Samsøñ, Nicole Cherubini
"Daily Serving" Review of golden specific at Samsøñ, Nicole Cherubini
"artnet" GOTHAM ART & THEATER by Elisabeth Kley

1970 births
Living people
American potters
American women ceramists
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni
Women potters
21st-century American women artists
21st-century American ceramists


title: Deep Breath (Doctor Who)

text:
"Deep Breath" is the first episode of the eighth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One and released in cinemas on 23 August 2014. It was written by showrunner and executive producer Steven Moffat and directed by Ben Wheatley.

In the episode, the newly regenerated Twelfth Doctor (Peter Capaldi), and Clara (Jenna Coleman) land in Victorian London where they find a dinosaur rampant in the Thames and a spate of deadly spontaneous combustions. However, their friendship is put in jeopardy as Clara struggles to cope with the Doctor's new incarnation.

The episode has the first full-length appearance of Peter Capaldi as the Doctor, with Coleman reprising her role as his companion Clara from the last series.  It also features Neve McIntosh, Catrin Stewart, and Dan Starkey reprising their roles as Madame Vastra, Jenny Flint, and Strax, as well as Capaldi's predecessor, Matt Smith, in a cameo appearance. The episode sets up the main story arc of the series revolving around a mysterious woman called Missy (portrayed by Michelle Gomez), who is often seen welcoming people who have died throughout the series to the "Promised Land", a place that serves as an apparent afterlife to deceased characters. Missy's true identity is later revealed to be the Doctor's arch-enemy, the Master.

Deep Breath was watched by 9.17 million viewers, the highest ratings for a premiere since Matt Smith's first episode as the Doctor in 2010 and received positive reviews, with many critics praising the performances of Capaldi and Coleman, Moffat's script, and the introduction and stylisation of the new Doctor, though Smith's cameo received mixed reviews.

Plot
A dinosaur materialises in Victorian London and spits out the TARDIS onto the banks of the River Thames. The newly regenerated Twelfth Doctor, and Clara, emerge from the TARDIS. While the Doctor rests at the Paternoster Gang's residence, the Silurian Madame Vastra confronts Clara about her prejudiced attitude to the Doctor's changed face. The dinosaur bursts into flames; Vastra confirms that this is not the first recent incident of spontaneous combustion. The Doctor and Clara separately investigate.

The next morning, the Doctor roams the back streets for answers, recognising his current face from before. Both Clara and the Doctor find an advertisement in a newspaper directing them to meet at a specific restaurant. They learn that neither of them planted the message. They discover that the restaurant is part of a spaceship that crashed in the past and is filled with humanoid robots. Beneath the restaurant, they see a dormant male cyborg with half a face. The Doctor surmises the Half-Face Man is a robot replacing his mechanical parts with biological ones.

Upon Clara's prompting, the awakened Half-Face Man reveals that he is trying to reach the "promised land" by prolonging his life via parts replacements and he killed the dinosaur to use her biological material for his computer. The Half-Face Man deploys his escape pod—a hot-air balloon made of human skin—lifting him and the Doctor into the sky. The Doctor claims that the Half-Face Man--the other robots' control node--has replaced his components so many times that he no longer exists in his original form and does not want to continue his existence. The Doctor then warns that either the Half-Face Man will have to kill himself, or the Doctor will be forced to kill him to protect the humans. The other robots go lifeless; the Half-Face Man is impaled on the spire of Big Ben.

The Doctor suspects the unseen "woman in the shop" who placed the advertisement in the paper and who gave Clara the Doctor's phone number is keeping the two together. Clara expresses misgivings about the new Doctor's character and is unsure about continuing to travel with him. Clara gets a phone call from the Eleventh Doctor, made moments before his regeneration, encouraging her to stay. Clara agrees. The Half-Face Man awakens and meets a woman called Missy, who tells him he has reached the promised land.

Continuity
Madame Vastra's line, "Well, here we go again", refers to Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart's utterance as the Third Doctor regenerates into the Fourth Doctor in Planet of the Spiders (1974). The Doctor remarks how his new face is similar to another he has seen, recalling how the Tenth Doctor met a man named Caecilius in "The Fires of Pompeii" (2008), also played by Capaldi. The call from the Eleventh Doctor to Clara is shown from the Eleventh Doctor's perspective from his final moments before regenerating on the planet Trenzalore, and using footage from "The Time of the Doctor".  The cyborgs' concealed ship is named the SS Marie Antoinette, the 'sister ship of the SS Madame de Pompadour''' - although the Doctor himself struggles to remember the connection, the latter ship and the concept of cyborg crew harvesting their human counterparts to repair their ship are witnessed in Series 2's fourth episode "The Girl in the Fireplace" (2006).

Towards the end of the story, the Doctor speculates on the identity of the person that wrote the "Impossible Girl" newspaper ad, suspecting it is the same person who gave Clara the number for the TARDIS phone in "The Bells of Saint John" (2013). The closing dialogue between Clara and the Doctor about coffee, and the Doctor's inability to pay for them, recalls a similar exchange about chips between the Ninth Doctor and Rose Tyler at the conclusion of "The End of the World" (2005).

Production

Filming
Matt Smith's scene as the Eleventh Doctor was filmed on 5 October 2013, the last day of shooting for "The Time of the Doctor". Moffat had written Smith's scene prior to the rest of the episode. The readthrough for the episode was held on 17 December 2013, and shooting began at the Maltings in Cardiff on 7 January 2014. Shooting later took place at Mount Stuart Square on the 13th, Scenes were also filmed on Queen Street and on the 28th. An uncredited Rachel Talalay directed the Missy scene, as Wheatley was unavailable; she consulted him and tried to incorporate his ideas. The shoot finished on 18 February 2014.

Promotion
Steven Moffat has said that this episode would be a "big introduction" for Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor. He said that there will be "plenty of action and nonsense and jeopardy, as there ever is in Doctor Who."

On 11 August 2014 a 30-second trailer for the episode was released on Twitter.

Cast notes
Brian Miller, who plays the tramp Barney, is the widower of Elisabeth Sladen who portrayed long-time companion Sarah Jane Smith. He had previously appeared in Snakedance in Season 20, as well as playing Harry Sowersby in The Mad Woman in the Attic, an episode of The Sarah Jane Adventures, and providing Dalek voices for both Resurrection of the Daleks and Remembrance of the Daleks.

Broadcast and reception

Pre-broadcast leak
On 6 July 2014, the scripts for the first five episodes of the series (including "Deep Breath") were inadvertently leaked online from BBC Worldwide's Latin America headquarters, prompting a plea from BBC Worldwide to keep the storylines of the five episodes secret. Also leaked was a black-and-white rough cut of "Deep Breath", missing most of the visual effects but otherwise mostly complete.  The BBC blamed the leak on the fact that the files had been stored on a publicly accessible server in its new Miami-based headquarters. Steven Moffat, speaking at the London Film and Comic Con, called the leak "horrible, miserable and upsetting".

Television
The episode was a simulcast in the United Kingdom and many other countries on 23 August 2014, and was broadcast later that same day in other locations such as on BBC America. On 31 August 2014, the episode was broadcast on Prime TV in New Zealand.

Cinemas
The episode had its world premiere in Cardiff on 7 August 2014 as part of the series 8 world tour. As part of the tour, advance screenings were also held at other destinations on the tour.  As with "The Day of the Doctor", "Deep Breath" received a worldwide cinema release at participating cinemas on 23 August 2014. The episode received a midnight screening in 12 cities across the United States on 23 August, and a larger showing in 550 cinemas on 25 August.   The cinema screenings of the episode were accompanied by a five-minute prequel.

Ratings
Upon airing in its 7.50pm timeslot, the "Deep Breath" simulcast entertained an average audience of 6.79 million in the United Kingdom. The episode reached a peak of 6.96 million viewers, watched by nearly a third of all viewers on the evening of broadcast with a 32.5% audience share. The final ratings for the week, which do not include BBC iPlayer viewers but do include viewers who watched the programme within a week of its transmission, showed 9.17 million viewers (37.9% audience share) saw the episode, making it the second highest rated programme for the week on British television. This was also the highest final viewing figures for a regular series episode of Doctor Who since Matt Smith's first full episode, "The Eleventh Hour", was broadcast in April 2010, although Christmas specials and the 2013 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" had scored higher viewing figures. Its chart position meant it became only the eighth episode of Doctor Who to be one of the week's top two most viewed programmes. In terms of L+7 ratings "Deep Breath" had 10.76 million views. The episode also topped BBC iPlayer for August, getting 2.06 million requests within eight days.

In the United States, the premiere airing on BBC America had an audience of 2.19 million viewers, the highest Saturday ratings for the network and just under the highest viewership from "The Day of the Doctor" special, combining for a total of 2.6 million viewers, a significant increase from the 1.5 million that had watched the Series 7 premiere in 2012. In Australia, the episode had a total of 1.19 million viewers on ABC. In Canada, "Deep Breath" had almost 1.4 million viewers overall on Space, becoming the second most-watched broadcast ever on this channel.

Critical reception

The episode received positive reviews, with many critics praising the performances of Capaldi and Coleman, Moffat's script, and the introduction and stylisation of the new Doctor. Matt Smith's cameo, however, was met with mostly mixed reviews. The episode was nominated for the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Individual Episode.The Guardian responded well to the episode, labelling Capaldi's performance as "intimidating, bold and unsettling", and praising Ben Wheatley's direction in the episode's tenser moments, calling it "the stuff of true terror and wonderment". Matt Smith's cameo as the Eleventh Doctor was criticised by the Daily Mirror. However, it ultimately labelled the episode "impeccable", stating that Capaldi "has all the hallmarks of a great Doctor". Michael Hogan, writing for The Daily Telegraph, praised Moffat's writing for second guessing viewers' opinions about the new Doctor and for stating clearly that there would be no flirting for this face. Hogan notes that "the tone seemed different, too, quieter and more thoughtful – less about running down corridors holding hands, more about self-discovery and redemption." Hogan also stated that the script was similar to Sherlock, for which Moffat also wrotes, and was a bit slow in places, but still combined behind-the-sofa action with humorous comments about ITV and the Scottish Referendum.

Brian Lowry of Variety praised Moffat's script, stating that it "emphasizes storyline continuity and easing faithful viewers into the regeneration transition" and closed his review by saying "It’s a skillful tonal balance that defines the best of “Doctor Who,” and exemplifies the ethos that keeps the series going strong, nodding to the past with all eyes on the future". David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle heavily praised the episode, particularly Moffat's writing, saying that his script "masterfully manipulates audience expectation". He ultimately awarded the episode a perfect 4/4 stars.

However, not all reviews were positive. Forbes'' panned the story as "strangely recessive, unheroic, [and] dull", calling both Capaldi and Coleman's characters "insipid".

The scene in which Madame Vastra and Jenny Flint exchange a kiss generated six complaints to Ofcom, with viewers criticising the BBC for promoting a "blatant gay agenda". Ofcom decided not to investigate the matter further, judging that the complaints did not "raise issues warranting investigation." The scene was removed from the Asian broadcast of the episode in order to comply with Singapore's broadcast code.

Home media

"Deep Breath" received a standalone DVD and Blu-ray release in the United Kingdom on 8 September 2014, the United States on 9 September, and Australia on 10 September. Thereafter, it was released in the Complete Eighth Series DVD and Blu-ray box set in the United Kingdom on 17 November 2014, Australia on 19 November, and in the U.S. on 9 December.

Notes

References

External links

Twelfth Doctor episodes
Eleventh Doctor episodes
2014 British television episodes
British LGBT-related television episodes
Television episodes written by Steven Moffat
Doctor Who pseudohistorical serials
Doctor Who stories set on Earth
Doctor Who multi-Doctor stories
Steampunk television episodes
Fiction set in the 1890s
Television episodes set in London


title: William Tomson

text:
William Fox Tomson (18 May 1842 – 12 June 1882) was an English cricketer active in 1861. He was born at Ramsgate, Kent.

He made one appearance in first-class cricket for Kent against England at Lord's in 1861. He batted once in the match, scoring 2 runs before he was dismissed by Billy Caffyn, as well as taking a single catch in England's first-innings, with Kent winning the match by an innings and 74 runs.

Tomson had at least one daughter. He died at the town of his birth on 12 June 1882.

References

External links

1842 births
1882 deaths
People from Ramsgate
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
Cricketers from Kent


title: Bipaliinae

text:
Bipaliinae is a subfamily of land planarians found mainly in Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, although some species have been introduced worldwide.

Description

The subfamily Bipaliinae is characterized by having a semilunar head that gives them the common name "hammerhead worms". The head has peripheral sensory pits on the ventral side and small peripheral eyes on the dorsal side.

Genera

Species in the subfamily Bipaliinae are grouped in the following genera:
Bipalium
Humbertium
Novibipalium
Umbotectum
Vermiviatum
Diversibipalium

Bipaliin as invasive species
Several hammerhead flatworms have become invasive, the most famous being Bipalium kewense, now in many countries in all continents except the Antarctica. A 2022 study used occurrence records from online databases, including iNaturalist, and climatic and soil variable to model the potential distribution of five species of hammerhead flatworms, namely B. kewense, B. adventitium, B. pennsylvaanicum, B. vagum, and Diversibipalium multilineatum. It was found that the five species could invade Southeast Asia, New Zealand, Eastern Australian, a part of South America, eastern USA, western Europe and central Africa.

References

Geoplanidae
Articles containing video clips


title: Pariah (play)

text:
Pariah () is a one-act play written by August Strindberg.

Origins

Strindberg wrote Pariah along with his play Creditors in the town of Holte, Denmark during the winter of 1888–1889. He was in Denmark to create a theatre of his own, following the example he admired of the Théâtre Libre in Paris, which had been founded two years earlier.  Strindberg’s theatre would present naturalistic plays, and the artistic director would be his wife, Siri von Essen.  It was to be called “The Scandinavian Experimental Theatre”, and then was renamed “Strindberg’s Experimental Theatre”.  Beset with disasters, not the least of which was the censorship of his play, Miss Julie, the theatre had a tumultuous and extremely brief history. The theatre premiered in Holte on March 9, 1889 with a triple bill: Pariah, Creditors, and The Stronger. The evening was a success, with applause and curtain calls.  Even harsh critics were won over, with the exception of a newspaper reviewer who demanded that Strindberg be deported. The performance was then repeated in the nearby Swedish town, Malmö.

In the audience at Malmö was Ola Hansson, who had just published a short story from which, Strindberg claimed in a program note, the title and theme of Pariah were taken.  However, Hanssen said he didn’t recognize anything of his original theme. Hanssen also reports that at this time he had lent Strindberg a book of mysteries by Edgar Allan Poe, and that Poe was a significant influence on Strindberg’s writing at this time. A possible example of that influence, is that a scene of psychological detective work occurs in Poe’s short story, "The Gold Bug", that appears to have inspired an episode in Pariah. Strindberg's original title for the play is “Paria”, with its Hindu etymology.  Some English translations use the title, “The Outcast”, which, however, can be confused with an earlier play by Strindberg, “The Outlaw”.

Important to Strindberg with this and other plays, such as Miss Julie and The Father, was his desire to achieve the ideals of Naturalism in drama as described and analyzed by the French author and theorist, Emile Zola — the nouvelle formule. Strindberg modeled Pariah on the Les Quarts d’Heure (1888) plays of the French writers Gustave Guiches and Henri Lavedan, which, in his essay “On Modern Drama and Modern Theatre”, Strindberg describes as dramas reduced to a single scene.

Pariah carries on, in a veiled manner, a debate that Strindberg had been having through postal correspondence with the philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, who in Götzen-Dämmerung, portrays a criminal as a strong person, who is just misdirected in life.  In Pariah the criminal, Mr. Y, is portrayed as weak and a criminal from birth.  Strindberg in this play shows some influenced of his reading of the French translation of  the l’uomo delinquente (1876) by Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist, who promotes the idea that criminality can be discerned in a person’s external self, as happens in the play, when Mr. X notices that Mr. Y is “terribly narrow between the ears.”

Synopsis
The play involves a battle of brains between two men, “Mr. X and Mr. Y’’ in a Darwinian struggle for survival. The men are in a room in a farmhouse during a storm.  A box of gold sits on the table, for which Mr. X is responsible.  Both have committed crimes in their personal history.  Mr. X, in his youth, murdered a man, but he was not caught, and he explains why it is right that he avoided punishment.  As for Mr. Y, he forged a financial document, which secured a loan.  For this he was caught and sent to prison, and he explains why it was unfair that he was punished. As both stories are shared during the play, it sets the men against one another. Which one is really the most guilty, and have either of them atoned for his sin? Mr. Y finally rationalizes that Mr. X. should pay Mr. Y a penalty or a bribe as a way of bringing "a little better balance into these unequal human conditions." Or it can be seen as Mr. X paying a bribe to keep Mr. Y quiet about Mr. X's crime. The atmosphere becomes tense and threatening, and the contest comes to a head when Y becomes armed with a knife, and X is armed with a stronger will, and can use his greater mental prowess to overpower Y.

Characters
Mr. X is a middle-age archeologist. He has been digging up and collecting treasures of antiquity.
Mr. Y is a middle-age Swedish/American.  He has arrived to collect insects for a small museum.

External links
The text of Pariah in the Edwin Björkman translation online.

References

Plays by August Strindberg
One-act plays
1889 plays
Two-handers


title: Geranium erianthum

text:
Geranium erianthum, the woolly geranium, is a flowering plant found in China, Japan, Russia, North America and England . Within its range, it is often known as "wild geranium" or "cranesbill", but note that these common names are also used for several other species within the genus Geranium.

References

External links

erianthum


title: North Country Maid

text:
North Country Maid is the third studio album by British singer Marianne Faithfull. It was released only in the United Kingdom. The arrangements were by Jon Mark and Mick Taylor. Gus Dudgeon was the engineer and Gered Mankowitz was the photographer. The guitarists included Jon Mark and Big Jim Sullivan.

Half of the songs had been released months earlier in the United States on the album Go Away from My World.

Track listing
 "Green Are Your Eyes" (Bert Jansch)
 "Scarborough Fair" (Traditional; arranged by Jon Mark)
 "Cockleshells" (arranged by Mick Taylor)
 "The Last Thing on My Mind" (Tom Paxton)
 "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" (Ewan MacColl)
 "Sally Free and Easy" (Cyril Tawney; arranged by Jon Mark)
 "Sunny Goodge Street" (Donovan)
 "How Should I Your True Love Know" (Traditional; arranged by Jon Mark)
 "She Moved Thru' The Fair" (Traditional; adapted by Herbert Hughes, words by Padraic Colum)
 "North Country Maid" (Traditional; arranged by Jon Mark)
 "Lullaby" (Jon Mark)
 "Wild Mountain Thyme" (Francis McPeake; arranged by Jon Mark)

Bonus tracks on 1990 CD re-issue:
 "The Most of What Is Least" (Donovan)
 "Come My Way" (Traditional) (alternate version from original on Come My Way)
 "Mary Ann" (Traditional; arranged by Jon Mark) (alternate version from original on Come My Way)

References

1966 albums
Marianne Faithfull albums
Decca Records albums


title: Selfo

text:
Selfo is a class of abstract strategy board games subscribed to the category of connection games. It was designed by Prof. Francisco Vico and its name derives from the phenomenon of self-organization (increase in a system's organization without external guidance), since during the game the sets of pieces might flow in a coordinated way as they step on the board.

Description
Despite its very simple definition (“group your set of pieces by moving in turns to adjacent cells”) complex self-organization processes take place during the game under concrete circumstances (a balanced distribution of pieces and players with a similar level of expertise), and is the result of abrupt and deep changes in the tactics. The particular values given to the traditional parameters that define a game (i.e. board tiling, size and initial position, or number of pieces and players) are not so relevant, and many variants have been found to meet the conditions for self-organization. The Selfo class of connection game is defined, instead, by the interrelations among parameters in order to favor self-organization. Subclasses of Selfo derive upon the move length (number of movements of a piece in a single turn to adjacent empty cells). In a generic Selfo-n game, a player can move one piece from 0 (passing on the turn) to n consecutive steps.

An algorithm has been designed to play Selfo at a human level, and an implementation of it is publicly accessible.

References

Board games
Abstract strategy games
Connection games


title: Furca

text:
Furca (Latin for "fork"), plural forms furcae or furcas, or its diminutive, furcula, may refer to:

Biology
Furca (genus), a prehistoric arthropod
Furca (springtail), an anatomical structure in springtail entognaths.
 Caudal furca ("tail fork"), part of the telson of some crustaceans
Furcula, the wishbone of birds and some dinosaurs
Furcula (moth) a genus of Noctuid moths
 Any small forked structure of animal anatomy

Other uses
Forked cross, a cross in Gothic architecture
Furca (punishment), a cross-like instrument for punishment
Furcas, a demonic mythological character
Furca, a carrying pole for the sarcina of Roman legionaries

See also
Fork (disambiguation)


title: Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's doubles

text:
The Men's doubles event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at the Scotstoun Sports Campus, Glasgow from 29 July to 3 August.

Cameron Pilley and David Palmer of Australia defeated Nick Matthew and Adrian Grant of England 10–11, 11–7, 11–9 to win the gold medal.

Medalists

Seeds

Finals

Group stage

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Pool E

Pool F

Pool G

Pool H

References

Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's doubles

text:
The Women's doubles event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at the Scotstoun Sports Campus, Glasgow from 29 July to 2 August.

Dipika Pallikal and Joshna Chinappa of India defeated Laura Massaro and Jenny Duncalf of England 11–6, 11–8 to win the gold medal.

Medalists

Seeds

Finals

Group stage

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

External links
 http://results.glasgow2014.com/sports/sq/squash.html

Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Common


title: Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Mixed doubles

text:
The Mixed doubles event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held at the Scotstoun Sports Campus, Glasgow from 29 July to 3 August.

Rachael Grinham and David Palmer of Australia defeated Alison Waters and Peter Barker of England 11–8, 11–10 to win the gold medal.

Medalists

Seeds

Finals

Group stage

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Pool E

Pool F

Pool G

Pool H

References

Squash at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Finn's Hotel

text:
Finn's Hotel is a posthumously-published collection of ten short narrative pieces written by Irish author James Joyce. Written in 1923, the works were not published until 2013 by Ithys Press, who claimed the work to be a precursor to Joyce's Finnegans Wake.

Publication
Ithys Press published their fine arts edition of Finn's Hotel in June 2013. The edition was arranged with a preface by Danis Rose, an introduction by Seamus Deane, featuring eleven illustrations by Casey Sorrow, and design and letterpress printed by Michael Caine.

The publication attracted controversy as some Joyce scholars labeled the works as drafts, not meant for publication.

In the spring of 2014, James O'Sullivan wrote an article for Genetic Joyce Studies, "Finn’s Hotel and the Joycean Canon", which uses computational stylistics to analyze the text of Finn's Hotel to determine whether the text is merely early drafts or should be part of Joyce's canon.  O'Sullivan concluded that "the fragments within Finn’s Hotel are most likely drafts for what became Finnegans Wake" and that statistically "the criticisms of Ithys Press are seemingly upheld."

Print editions

References

1923 short story collections
2013 short story collections
Books published posthumously
Finnegans Wake
Short story collections by James Joyce
Unfinished books


title: The Cancer Letter

text:
The Cancer Letter is an American weekly publication that covers cancer research, drug development, legislation and health care policy. It was founded in Reston, Virginia by Jerry D. Boyd and first published on December 21, 1973. Based in Washington D.C., The Cancer Letter has won awards from journalistic associations, including the National Press Club and the Society of Professional Journalists. Paul Goldberg serves as Editor and Publisher since 2011. The Cancer Letter has over 200 institutional subscribers in the U.S. and abroad, covering approximately 40,000 readers in oncology.

History

The Cancer Letter was first published as The Cancer Newsletter on December 21, 1973, by the National Information Service, Inc., Jerry D. Boyd, President, in Reston, Virginia, two years after Congress passed the National Cancer Act of 1971.  On January 3, 1975, the publication name was changed to The Cancer Letter, Jerry D. Boyd, Editor, published by The Cancer Letter, Inc.  In 1979 The Cancer Letter, Inc. began distribution of a second publication, The Clinical Cancer Letter.  Jerry Boyd's daughter, Kirsten Boyd, met Paul Goldberg in 1981 when the two of them were working at a small newspaper in Reston, Virginia.  They married a few years later, and began working for The Cancer Letter.  In 1989 Kirsten Boyd Goldberg became an Associate Editor of The Cancer Letter.  In 1990, Kirsten Goldberg became the editor of The Cancer Letter, and Jerry Boyd assumed the position of Contributing Editor until his retirement from the publication in 1995.  Paul Goldberg became Associate Editor in 1992, then Editor in 1994, alongside Kirsten Boyd Goldberg who also served as Publisher.  Kirsten Boyd Goldberg passed the publication and editorial mantle to Paul Goldberg in 2011.

In 2017, The Clinical Cancer Letter was rolled into The Cancer Letter as a weekly section, increasing the publication's clinical coverage.  In a letter from the Editor announcing the change, Editor Paul Goldberg wrote, "The Cancer Letter was calibrated for academics; The Clinical Cancer Letter for community physicians. It's no longer useful—or, for that matter, feasible—to delineate policy news from the clinical. Oncology has become one big story, a machine of many moving parts."

The Cancer Letter founding editor Jerry D. Boyd died September 24, 2019.

Content

The Cancer Letter coverage varies from week to week, depending on the issues of importance in the cancer field at the time, and typically include sections covering FDA News, NCI News, Cancer Centers, Cooperative Groups, Professional Societies, Medicare, Funding Opportunities, Philanthropy, Guest Editorials and "In Brief" summarizations of events and personnel appointments.

Reputation and awards

According to The New York Times of May 29, 2001, "The Cancer Letter, a weekly, gave early voice to the patient activist movement, helped force out an unpopular Clinton administration health official, exposed a society doctor whose cancer treatments may have cost lives and recently revealed — much to the embarrassment of American Cancer Society officials — that they had unwittingly hired two public relations firms with ties to the tobacco industry."

Of Paul Goldberg, the current editor and publisher of The Cancer Letter, The New York Times article stated "everybody who's anybody in cancer reads his stories."

Scientific journals such as Nature and Science have reported on investigations carried out by staff of The Cancer Letter.  For example, The Cancer Letter reported extensively on problems between the MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Texas state taxpayer-funded Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), based in Austin, after MD Anderson president Ronald DePinho "launched a drug-discovery center, the Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), where his wife, Lynda Chin, was appointed chief scientist" [Nature News, June 14, 2012]   and "[t]he renovation of an office for Lynda Chin, the wife of the president of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Ronald DePinho, may have cost as much as $2 million, according to an analysis by a Washington, D.C., investigative newsletter."  [Science News, May 24, 2013]

The Cancer Letter has received numerous awards for reporting on issues such as mammography screening, dietary supplements, industry conflicts of interest including the ImClone scandal, and medical device hazards.

Web presence
The Cancer Letter maintains a website for distribution of its newsletters, publication of occasional special interest articles, and dissemination of a collection of documents associated with articles in the newsletter.

Coverage issues

ImClone
Reports on findings of the investigational monoclonal antibody Erbitux began appearing in The Cancer Letter in November 2001.  Erbitux was in development as a cancer therapeutic drug by the pharmaceutical company ImClone Systems, Inc.  Paul Goldberg documented the missteps in FDA filings by ImClone that led to the failure to secure proper licensing for the drug and the subsequent precipitous drop in the value of ImClone stock.  ImClone shareholders then filed class action lawsuits against the company.  Though not covered by The Cancer Letter, the ImClone scandal included the episode of insider stock trading that resulted in a 5-month prison term for media celebrity Martha Stewart.

Duke University Genomics

Reporting by The Cancer Letter was key in bringing the spotlight to problems within a Duke University cancer research group producing problematic research results, as reported by the CBS investigative journalist show 60 Minutes on March 5, 2012:  "Many trusted [Dr. Anil Potti] because Dr. Potti's work had been vindicated. But there was just one more thing - discovered, not by a scientist, but by Paul Goldberg, the editor of a small independent newsletter called 'The Cancer Letter.' Goldberg got a tip from a confidential source: check Dr. Potti's Rhodes scholarship. It was right there on his applications for federal grants. Trouble was it wasn't true."    The Duke research group had eleven scientific journal articles retracted, seven others corrected, and one partially retracted.    CBS News, 60 Minutes won a Peabody award for the reporting.

References

Publications established in 1973
Cancer research


title: Abbey Cooper

text:
Abbey Cooper (née D'Agostino; born May 25, 1992) is an American middle- and long-distance runner. Cooper is the most decorated Ivy League athlete in track and field and cross country running. She is the first Dartmouth female distance runner to win an NCAA title. She won a total of seven NCAA titles (1 – cross country; 4 – indoor track; 2 – outdoor track) in her career. In 2014, she became a professional runner for New Balance.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she received considerable international media attention following an incident during a 5000m heat in which both she and New Zealander Nikki Hamblin fell. The two women helped each other finish the race and were allowed to compete in the final; however, Cooper had suffered a torn anterior crucial ligament and meniscus and wasn't able to participate further. Both athletes were praised for their sportsmanship and "Olympic spirit", and were subsequently awarded the Rio 2016 Fair Play Award by the International Fair Play Committee.

Personal life
Cooper attended Masconomet Regional High School in Boxford, Massachusetts. She graduated from Dartmouth College in 2014. Her mother Donna competed for the UMass-Dartmouth Corsairs. She has two younger sisters, Lily and Julia.

She is a devout Christian. She married Jacob Cooper in July 2018, who works as the clinical sport psychologist at Appalachian State University.

Dartmouth
In 2013 Cooper became the first Ivy League athlete, male or female, to win an NCAA Cross Country National Championship. After winning her 2013 NCAA Cross Country title and 5th NCAA title in her career, she praised coach Mark Coogan for the preparation for championship running and close finishes; She won the NCAA cross country title by outdistancing Emma Bates by a few seconds. She is the first Ivy League athlete to win 7 individual NCAA Championships. She is also the only woman ever to have won both the 3000 meters and 5000 meters NCAA Indoor Track and Field Championships twice in a career which she did in 2013 as a junior and again in 2014 as a senior. Cooper broke Ryan Pandolfini’s (née Fagan) long-standing 10K record by over a minute in 2014, and is the current Dartmouth record holder in the 3K, 5K, and 10K.  She won the Honda Sports Award as the nation's best female collegiate cross country runner in 2014.

Cooper earned her final Ivy league titles May 2014. She graduated with a degree in psychology in 2014.

Professional

2012
Cooper's 5th place at 2012 Olympic Trials 5000 meters and nearly clinching a spot on the Olympic team is one of the closest finishes in Olympic Trials distance races (less than 0.19 seconds between 3–4–5). In 2012, at 20 years of age her platform as a star in the NCAA created a national following.

2014
After graduating from Dartmouth in 2014, Cooper earned a sponsorship with New Balance based in Boston, Massachusetts. Abbey was coached by her college coach Mark Coogan under whom she was a 7-time NCAA champion from 2014-2018.

Cooper is ranked 19th in the world in the 5000 meters and 65th in the 10,000 meters in 2014.

Cooper debuted as a New Balance athlete in October 2014 in the 24th Mayor's Cup presented by the Boston Athletic Association placing fourth behind winner Rachel Hannah of Canada and the Boston Athletic Association's Juliet Bottorff and Jen Rhines.

2015
Cooper ran the 5000m in 15:42.79 at Payton Jordan Invitational in Stanford, CA (USA) on May 2, 2015. She won the 5000 meters at the Hoka One One Adrian Martinez Classic in  15:23.66 on June 4.

Cooper earned a US Roster spot to the IAAF 2015 World Championships in Athletics by qualifying in the 5000 meters in 15:06.59 at the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. On July 18, she finished 3rd in 15:03.85 in Heusden, Belgium. On August 27, she finished 23rd in 16:16.47 at 2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres.

2016
On January 2, Cooper ran a personal best in a mixed gender 3000 meters at Boston University in 8:51.88. On March 12, she placed second in women 3000 meters in 8:57.31 at 2016 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships to represent the United States at 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres. She finished in a time of 8:58.40 in 3000 meters at 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships to place fifth.

On June 17, Cooper placed third in 5000 meters at 2016 Adidas BOOST Boston Games in 15:22.29. On July 10, she placed fifth in 15:14.04 at 2016 United States Olympic Trials (track and field) and was selected to represent USA along with Team USA teammates Shelby Houlihan and Kim Conley at Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics - Women's 5000 metres when Molly Huddle and Emily Infeld passed to focus on their 10 km race in Rio de Janeiro.

On August 16, with about 2000 meters to go in a qualifying heat for the women's 5000 meter race at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Cooper tripped over Nikki Hamblin who had fallen in front of her.
Instead of immediately continuing the race, she first helped Hamblin up, encouraging her not to quit.
Cooper herself, however, had torn her ACL and meniscus.
Despite her obvious pain, she nevertheless finished the race. Cooper, Hamblin and Jennifer Wenth were advanced to the final because of the incident, but Cooper wasn't able to compete because of her injuries.

On August 20, for their actions at the Rio Olympics, Cooper and Hamblin received Fair Play awards from The International Fair Play Committee (CIFP), with the support of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

2017
Former NCAA champs Molly Seidel & Abbey Cooper return to action at Franklin Park (Boston) 2017 Mayor's Cup Cross Country Championships and chart paths to healthy futures finish 1st and 2nd respectively for 5 km after running the first half slow picked up the pace for the final 8 minutes to times of Seidel 16:18 to Cooper 16:48.

On November 4, Cooper competed in her road debut at US 5 km road championship hosted by New York Road Runners Abbott Dash to the Finish Line 5 km where she finished 7th in a time of 16:00.

2018
Cooper left Mark Coogan and Boston after getting married in July 2018. She began being coached by Chris Layne in Asheville, North Carolina. Cooper won 5 km at 2018 Johnson City Turkey Trot in 16:58.

2019
June 1, 2019 marked Cooper's first return to the track following the Rio Olympics. Cooper competed at the 2019 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 5000 meters race where she finished 14th.

2021
In a stand out solo effort in the first heat of the 5000m meters at the 2020 United States Olympic Trials (track and field), Cooper met the Olympic standard with a time of 15:07.80. Cooper finished in 4th place in the final three days later on June 21.

Cooper achieved a new personal best of 14:52.37 in the 5000m at the Prefontaine Classic on August 20, 2021.

Competition record

USA National Championships

References

External links

Living people
1992 births
People from Topsfield, Massachusetts
American female long-distance runners
American female middle-distance runners
Dartmouth Big Green women's cross country runners
Dartmouth Big Green women's track and field athletes
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Track and field athletes from Massachusetts
Masconomet Regional High School alumni
Sportspeople from Essex County, Massachusetts
21st-century American women


title: Bråvalla Festival

text:
Bråvalla Festival was a Swedish four-day music festival that was held annually. It was Sweden's biggest and most popular music festival. It was held at Bråvalla Wing outside of Norrköping. The inaugural season of the festival was from 27 to 29 June 2013. It headlined Rammstein, Green Day and Avicii in additions to tens of artists and acts. The second season was held between the 26 June and 28 June 2014 and was headlined by Iron Maiden, Kanye West and Kings of Leon. The third season of the festival was held between 25–27 June in 2015. It was headlined by Robbie Williams, Muse and Calvin Harris. The fourth season was held between 30 June – 2 July in 2016. The fifth and last season was held between 28 June – 1 July in 2017.

The hosts, FKP Scorpio, estimated about 40,000 people would attend the festival in 2013 but eventually 51,590 tickets were sold. This record was again broken in 2014 when 51,683 tickets were sold.

On 27 June 2014, several people were injured during the festival when lightning struck and one person was taken to hospital with life-threatening injuries.

On July 1, 2017 FKP Scorpio announced that Bråvalla will not take place in 2018.

Festival by year 2013-present

Stages
Panorama - The main stage of the festival.
Luna - A stage very similar to Panorama when it comes to size.
Juno - A smaller stage next to Panorama.
Sensation - This stage is the home of electronic dance music.
Pacific - A smaller music stage located inside a tent.
Norrköping Lounge - This stage is an indoor stand-up comedy stage.

References

Music festivals in Sweden
Summer events in Sweden


title: Madeline Cox Arleo

text:
Madeline Elizabeth Cox Arleo (born November 25, 1963) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey and a former United States magistrate judge of the same court.

Biography

Arleo was born in 1963 in Jersey City, New Jersey. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1985 from Rutgers College and a Master of Arts degree in 1986 from Rutgers University. She received a Juris Doctor, summa cum laude, in 1989 from Seton Hall University School of Law, where she was Editor in Chief of the Law Review. She began her legal career as a law clerk to Judge Marie L. Garibaldi of the New Jersey Supreme Court, from 1989 to 1990. She worked at the law firm of Clapp & Eisenberg from 1990 to 1994 and at the law firm of Barry & McMoran from 1994 to 1998. From 1998 to 2000, she was a partner at the law firm of Tompkins, McGuire, Wachenfeld & Barry, LLP, where her practice focused on civil litigation in Federal and State courts.

Federal judicial service

From 2000 to 2014, she served as a United States magistrate judge in the District of New Jersey.

On June 26, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Arleo to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, to the seat vacated by Judge Dennis M. Cavanaugh, who retired on January 31, 2014. On July 29, 2014, a hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary was held on her nomination. On September 18, 2014, her nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On November 18, 2014, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on her nomination. On November 19, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a 56–40 vote. On November 20, 2014, her nomination was confirmed by a voice vote. She received her judicial commission on November 21, 2014.

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
People from Caldwell, New Jersey
Lawyers from Jersey City, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
Seton Hall University School of Law alumni
United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama
21st-century American judges
United States magistrate judges


title: Port of Dubuque Marina

text:
The Port of Dubuque Marina is primarily a transient marina, with limited seasonal slip rentals available. The Port of Dubuque Marina's seventy-eight (78) slips include fifty-four (54) 30", twenty (2) 40", and four (4) 50".  By utilizing the end ties, or T-heads of the docks, the Port of Dubuque Marina can accommodate a boat up to 100" in length. The docks are rented out to boaters by the day, with a maximum stay of ten consecutive days. The Port of Dubuque Marina also offers an hourly rate for boaters who would like to dock and stay for only a short time and enjoy some of the many nearby attractions.  In addition to slip rentals the Port of Dubuque Marina offers fuel sales (unleaded and diesel), and pump out services to visiting boats. The amenities building houses private boater restrooms with shower and laundry facilities, public restrooms, and a Marina convenience store.

Location

The Port of Dubuque Marina is located in the historic Ice Harbor of Dubuque, Iowa.  The entrance to the Port of Dubuque Marina is located on mile 597.4 on the Upper Mississippi River.  The entrance to the harbor is through the flood control gates of the Senator flood wall which was constructed in 1969.  This makes the Port of Dubuque Marina well protected from the current of the Mississippi.  During high river levels the flood gates are closed, and boat traffic into and out of the Ice Harbor stops.

History

The Port of Dubuque Marina and amenities building was constructed with a Boating Infrastructure tier 2 Grant received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.  The project was completed in time for a June 1, 2013 ribbon cutting ceremony held at the neighboring National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium.

External links
Port of Dubuque Marina Website

Buildings and structures in Dubuque, Iowa
Economy of Dubuque, Iowa
Marinas in the United States
Transportation in Dubuque, Iowa
Tourist attractions in Dubuque, Iowa
Transportation buildings and structures in Dubuque County, Iowa
2013 establishments in Iowa


title: Kenya at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Kenya competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Kenya qualified 11 athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Girls
Track & road events

Rugby sevens

Kenya qualified a boys' team based on its performance at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Boys' tournament

Roster

 Daniel Abuonji
 Brian Gisemba
 Edgar Khafumi
 Lamech Kimutai
 Brian Mokua
 John Ochar
 Alex Olaba
 Bill Omondi
 Ian Onyango
 Nelson Sangura
 Paul Songoi
 Keith Wasike

Group Stage

Semifinal

Bronze Medal Match

Weightlifting

Kenya was given a reallocation spot to compete.

Boys

References

2014 in Kenyan sport
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Kenya at the Youth Olympics


title: Charles Belton

text:
Charles Harris Belton (christened 30 April 1820 – 1 January 1891) was an English cricketer. Born at Aylesford, Kent, Belton was a batsman who played regularly for Town Malling during the 1840s and 1850s.

Belton made two first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club in 1847. Both came against Surrey, firstly at The Oval and then at Preston Hall, Aylesford. Belton scored 41 runs in his two matches, with a top-score of 23. He took seven catches.

Belton was the son of a farm bailiff and worked in a variety of jobs, including as an agricultural labourer, a beer retailer and in Chatham Dockyard. He married Sarah Usher and had six children. He died of a cerebral haemorrhage at Chatham, Kent on 1 January 1891.

References

External links

1820 births
1891 deaths
People from Aylesford
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
Cricketers from Kent


title: Service Medal in Bronze

text:
The Service Medal in Bronze was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, for ten years service.

uMkhonto we Sizwe
uMkhonto we Sizwe, abbreviated as MK, "Spear of the Nation" in Zulu, was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC). It was established on 16 December 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government. On 27 April 1994, uMkhonto we Sizwe was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Service Medal in Bronze was instituted by the President of South Africa in April 1996. It is the junior award of a set of three medals for long service, along with the Service Medal in Gold and the Service Medal in Silver.

uMkhonto we Sizwe's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the South African Defence Force and these three medals are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Good Service Medal, Gold, the Good Service Medal, Silver and the Good Service Medal, Bronze.

Award criteria
The medal was authorised for awarding to veteran cadres of  for ten years service.

Order of wear

The position of the Service Medal in Bronze in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

uMkhonto we Sizwe

Official MK order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Service Medal in Silver.

South African National Defence Force until 26 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Service Medal of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces of the United Kingdom.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Service Medal of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the State President's Sport Award of the Republic of South Africa.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Service Medal of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the Medalje vir Troue Diens of the Republic of South Africa.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Bronze Service Medal of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.
 Succeeded by the Medalje vir Troue Diens of the Republic of South Africa.

Description

Obverse
The Service Medal in Bronze is an oval medallion with a raised edge, struck in bronze and depicting the Umkhonto we Sizwe emblem.

Reverse
The reverse is smooth and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 10 millimetres wide black band, a 12 millimetres wide green band and a 10 millimetres wide yellow band.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Service Medal in Bronze was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

References

Military decorations and medals of uMkhonto we Sizwe
1996 establishments in South Africa
Awards established in 1996
Long service medals
2003 disestablishments in South Africa
Awards disestablished in 2003


title: Bartolomeo Pedon

text:
Bartolomeo Pedon (Venice, 1665- Venice, 1732) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period.

He mainly painted landscapes, often nocturnes or whimsical architecture capricci in a wild landscape. In this he appears to be influenced by Marco Ricci and Antonio Marini, but also by Magnasco and Salvatore Rosa. Many of his works are still in private hands.

Other sources say he was born in 1655 in Padua, and worked in
Monastery of San Benedetto.

References

External links

1665 births
1732 deaths
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
18th-century Italian painters
Painters from Venice
Italian landscape painters
Rococo painters
Italian Baroque painters
18th-century Italian male artists


title: Macroscelides micus

text:
Macroscelides micus (common name Etendeka round-eared sengi or Etendeka round-eared elephant shrew) is a species of elephant shrew in the family Macroscelididae. It is only found in gravel plains in the Etendeka formation of north-west Namibia. Measuring about  long and weighing less than an ounce (28 grams), the species is the smallest in the elephant shrew family.

Description
Macroscelides micus is the smallest known elephant shrew. Its body shape resembles that of a long-nosed mouse. However, as a member of the superorder Afrotheria, it is actually more closely related to elephants and manatees than mice. It has pink skin and red fur which helps it camouflage itself against the volcanic rocks of its environment. It weighs less than one ounce (28 grams) and is  long, including the tail, when fully grown. M. micus has long, thin legs relative to its body.

M. micus does not burrow, instead sleeping in bushes. It uses its long nose to hunt for ground insects. Some elephant shrew species are known to be monogamous and mate for life. It is unknown if this is the case for M. micus. The young of M. micus, which are often born as twins, are capable of running from birth.

Discovery and identification

Macroscelides micus was first spotted as an unusual sample (collected in 2006) among a collection of elephant shrews stored at the California Academy of Sciences, its red fur distinguishing it from other specimens. Genetic testing suggested it was a distinct species, but additional evidence was needed to confirm the finding. Dumbacher et al. traveled to the Namib Desert nine times over a number of years where they set traps baited with peanut butter, oats, and Marmite. A total of 21 elephant shrew specimens were obtained, 15 of which belonged to the new species.

In 2014, Dumbacher et al. formally described M. micus as a new species. The specific name comes from the Greek mikros, meaning small. The "Etendeka" in the common name is the native word for the mountain range where M. micus lives. The scientific team speculated the species had not previously been identified because it has a small range in a remote area that is hard to reach.

Related species
Macroscelides micus is sympatric with Macroscelides flavicaudatus, but remains physically and genetically distinguishable from it. The study which first identified M. micus did not find evidence of gene flow or interbreeding between the populations. Additionally, the species live in different habitats. M. micus is found among the gravel at the bases of hills and mountains in low-lying areas of the Etendeka geological formation; M. flavicaudatus is found among sedimentary deposits in the Awahab Outliers and river valleys.

M. micus does not overlap Macroscelides proboscideus geographically. A maximum likelihood analysis of four genes by computational phylogenetics indicated that M. proboscideus and M. flavicaudatus are sister species, with M. micus being less closely related.

The authors also explained several limitations and confusions involving an enigmatic report of Macroscelides melanotis (Ogleby 1838), whose type specimen was not available for destructive DNA testing and had an "unnatural" appearance. Recommending M. melanotis be treated as a nomen dubium, they expressed doubt that the described characteristics were consistent with M. micus: "The reported pale, reddish brown chest color is not visible on the specimen, nor is the dunnish white abdomen or throat."

References

Elephant shrews
Mammals of Namibia
Endemic fauna of Namibia
Mammals described in 2014


title: Aenictus gutianshanensis

text:
Aenictus gutianshanensis (named after the type locality) is a Chinese species of army ant in the genus Aenictus. The species is known only from a single colony. Little is known about its biology, but it is probably most closely related to A. vieti.

Distribution
The species is known only from a single colony collected in the subtropical mixed evergreen broad-leaved forest of the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, southeast China.

Biology
No direct biological information is available. The type series was collected in a single pitfall trap in a secondary mixed evergreen broad-leaved forest. Thus, the species probably lives and forages on and in the leaf-litter preying on small ants of the subfamily Formicinae, as it has been previously reported for species in the Aenictus wroughtonii group. Possible prey species of the genera Prenolepis and Nylanderia are common at the type locality.

Description
The species is probably most closely related to A. vieti, known from North Vietnam and Taiwan. Aenictus gutianshanensis can be easily distinguished from all other species of the Aenictus wroughtonii group by the pronotum, the petiole, and the side of the postpetiole completely finely reticulate. The species is most similar to Aenictus vieti and to Aenictus camposi, but is slightly larger in all measurements. Males of Aenictus gutianshanensis and many other Aenictus species are unknown.

In addition to having the pronotum and petiole completely finely reticulate, Aenictus gutianshanensis can be easily distinguished from Aenictus vieti and Aenictus camposi by the following characters (characters for Aenictus vieti and Aenictus camposi are given in brackets): ventral margin of subpetiolar process almost straight (ventral margin convex), femora densely punctate (smooth and shiny in Jaitrong et al. 2010, but superficially and irregularly sculptured and shiny in two paratypes examined by the reviewer), postpetiolar process more developed with a rim below (less developed, without ventral rim), and longest standing hairs on pronotal dorsum distinctly longer (maximal 0.13 mm).

References

Jaitrong, W., Yamane, S. & Wiwatwitaya, D. (2010). "The Army Ant Aenictus wroughtonii and related species in the Oriental region, with descriptions of two new species.". Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 16: 33-36.

External links

Dorylinae
Hymenoptera of Asia
Insects described in 2014


title: Frank Walker (lumberman)

text:
Frank Walker (March 29, 1843 – August 26, 1916) was a lumberman, a contractor, a builder, a city official and an inventor in the Pacific Coast of the United States and British Columbia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Personal

Walker was born on March 29, 1843, in Ancaster, Ontario, or in Kincardine, Ontario, the son of Canadians Francis Walker and Elizabeth Hudson.

Walker was married twice: His first wife, Delia, died at their home, 129 South Olive Street, on September 28, 1891. He married again, to Sarah Gibson of Texas, who died on October 1, 1910. He had one child, Frank Harvey.

Walker died at home on August 26, 1916.

Vocation

At age 21 Walker moved to Eureka, California, where was in lumbering, and later he was a miner in British Columbia, Idaho and Nevada. He began building and contracting in San Francisco about 1870, specializing in mills for mining companies in both the United States and Mexico. He then moved to Santa Barbara, "where he erected some of the first brick blocks in that town." He also erected the Odd Fellows Hall there, as well as the Sterns Building and private residences. He built the first street railway in Santa Barbara, running from the wharf to the Arlington Hotel. After relocating to Los Angeles in 1897, Walker built the first street railroad in Pasadena and "had the first large contract of paving in Los Angeles. He also worked on a street railway in Los Angeles. He built the courthouse and the waterworks in Tombstone, Arizona.

He was an inventor, and he patented several devices, including a solar heater, which was "used extensively in Southern California."

Social activities and politics

Walker was a member of the Elks Lodge, the Pioneers of Los Angeles, the Masonic Lodge and the Jonathan Club. He was a Presbyterian, and in politics he was a Republican until 1895 and then became a Democrat, running unsuccessfully for city assessor in 1898. He was elected as a Democrat to the Los Angeles City Council in 1900. He served one term. During that time, he "is said to have been instrumental in preventing the Street Railway Corporation from getting the celebrated freight-carrying franchise, which would have allowed freight cars to run on some of the principal streets of the city."

Walker declined to run for reelection to the council but instead announced himself as a Democratic candidate for mayor in 1902; he withdrew from that race in favor of Le Grand Parker. Meredith P. Snyder was nominated and was elected.

References

1843 births
1916 deaths
Businesspeople from Ontario
Los Angeles City Council members
19th-century American politicians
Emigrants from pre-Confederation Ontario to the United States


title: Abiather J. Knowles

text:
Abiather J. Knowles (March 15, 1830 – February 11, 1905) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Knowles received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Knowles's medal was won for his actions during the First Battle of Bull Run in Prince William County, Virginia on July 21, 1861. He was honored with the award on December 27, 1894.

Knowles was from La Grange, Maine, and entered service at Willets Point in New York. He was later buried in La Grange.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

References

1830 births
1905 deaths
19th-century American people
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People of Maine in the American Civil War
People from Penobscot County, Maine
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: Histioteuthis heteropsis

text:
Histioteuthis heteropsis (H. heteropsis), also known as the strawberry squid, is a species of small cock-eyed squid. The scientific nomenclature of these squid stems from their set of differently sized eyes, one being small and blue and the other being large and yellow. It is thought that the large eye is used to see objects against dim light, while the smaller eye is more able to view bioluminescent light sources. The squid's vernacular name arose due to its rich red skin pigmentation and the presence of photophores along its body, making it appear like a strawberry with seeds.

H. heteropsis live in the ocean's mesopelagic zone and are found in the California Current and the Humboldt Current. Little is known about their specific feeding and mating behaviors, although their inking patterns have been subject to study. They are not easily disturbed and only ink when provoked.

H. heteropsis was discovered by Berry in 1913 and exhibited publicly for the first time at the Monterey Bay Aquarium on June 27, 2014.

Description
Members of the species H. heteropsis are small squids, with mature males averaging 54-89 mm in length, and have a purplish-red skin pigment.

Eyes
The eyes of H. heteropsis are dimorphic both in size and in lens pigmentation for specialized vision in the ocean's mesopelagic zone (200-1000 meters below the ocean surface). The different properties of the squid's eyes allow it to see a variety of different light sources present in its habitat, primarily downwelling sunlight and bioluminescence. H. heteropsis hatchlings are born with identical eyes of the same size and pigmentation. As they develop, the left eye becomes larger and more pigmented. By adulthood, the left eye can grow to be over twice the size of the right eye and has a distinct yellow lens pigmentation. In a 2017 study conducted by Kate Thomas, Bruce Robinson, and Sönke Johnsen, it was found that the large left yellow eye is oriented upwards for viewing objects in dim sunlight and the smaller right blue eye is oriented downwards for viewing bioluminescence. While the larger eye can detect bioluminescence fairly well, the smaller eye struggles to view black objects in dim light.

Photophores
Small photophores, which are glandular, light-producing organs, are found in high concentrations along the entire body of H. heteropsis. The photophores are more dense near the anterior head region of the squid and become smaller and farther apart near the posterior end. Apart from  H. meleagroteuthis, H. heteropsis is the only member in the family Histioteuthidae to display such small and highly concentrated photophores. H. heteropsis mainly uses its photophores for two purposes: counter-illumination and concealing prey. In counter-illumination, the squid produces blue light from its photophores so that, when viewed from above, it blends in with the downwelling sunlight and effectively erases its silhouette. This type of bioluminescence is characterized by consistent light production, in contrast to bioluminescence used for concealing prey, which is characterized by short bursts of intense light or "flashes". Although the exact purpose for this particular use of bioluminescence is unknown, the heavily pigmented oral cavity and interbrachial membrane of H. heteropsis and some other squids suggests that luminescence by the prey threatens the predator in some way.

Reproductive organs
H. heteropsis males do not possess a hectocotylus as is common in other mesopelagic squid species, although they do have a penis which is used to transfer spermatophores to the female during copulation. During maturation, the penis grows until it can extend out of the mantle cavity. The spermatophores of H. heteropsis have short sperm masses and are stored in a looped Needham's sac. Female H. heteropsis squids have a singular ovary where the oocytes are developed. Although not much is known about female reproductive systems in H. heteropsis specifically, other members of the family Histioteuthidae show significant oocyte resorption (oosorption) during maturation.

Habitat
H. heteropsis is generally found at ocean depths of 200-1000 meters (0.12-0.62 miles), which is considered part of the ocean's mesopelagic, or twilight, zone. The species undergoes diurnal vertical migration, where they are found at lower depths during the day and migrate up the water column at night. In a study about vertical distributions of pelagic cephalopods conducted by Clyde Roper and Richard Young, it was found that, during the day, most H. heteropsis specimens were found at 500-700 meters while at night, most were found at 300-400 meters.

H. heteropsis live in the Pacific Ocean and are predominantly found in the California Current and the Humboldt Current. Population distribution of H. heteropsis is better known in the California Current than it is in the Humboldt Current and the species does not inhabit waters close to the equator. There is no evidence to suggest horizontal migration in histioteuthid squids, including H. heteropsis.

Within marine food webs, H. heteropsis plays an important role in the diets of tuna, porpoises, blue sharks, sperm whales, elephant seals, and albatross. Not much is known about the diet of H. heteropsis itself, although limited stomach content evaluations show that they feed on fish, crustaceans, and smaller squids.

Behavior

Feeding
H. heteropsis searches for prey using visual clues and strikes forward at the prey using their tentacles. The tentacles then bring the prey within range of the arms, which hold the prey in place with suckers. H. heteropsis, like most squids, bite immediately into the fleshy parts of the prey with their beak and release the leftover corpse.

Mating
Very little is known about mating and courtship in H. heteropsis, although it is likely that these behaviors occur in deeper waters. Spawning may occur in deep-midwater or near-surface waters, but it is still unclear.

Inking
Inking developed as an important protective mechanism for coleoid cephalopods after losing their ancestral external shell. However, inking is metabolically costly since it requires the discharge of both melanin and mucus. Because of this, H. heteropsis typically only inks when approached closely or touched. Researchers Stephanie Bush and Bruce Robinson observed that H. heteropsis most often produces an ink cloud categorized as "pseudomorphs", which are "dense blobs of ink the approximate shape and size of the individual releasing them." In all instances of inking, H. heteropsis specimens lingered in the ink cloud unless further provoked.

Taxonomy
In 1913, Berry discovered H. heteropsis and recognized it as a member of the family Histioteuthidae due to its large number of photophores. Based on significant morphological traits, it appears that H. heteropsis is most closely related to H. meleagroteuthis and H. bonnellii.

Conservation status
Based on a 2010 assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), H. heteropsis is categorized as least concern due to its large geographic distribution. There are no known threats to the species and population information is not available. The IUCN recommends that more research be done into H. heteropsis to determine details about its population and ecological role.

References

Further reading

External links

Squid
Molluscs described in 1913
Taxa named by Samuel Stillman Berry


title: It's Only Love (film)

text:
It's Only Love (German:Seine einzige Liebe) is a 1947 Austrian historical musical film directed by Emmerich Hanus and starring Franz Böheim, Klaramaria Skala and Walter Gynt. The film portrays the life of the composer Franz Schubert.

Cast
 Franz Böheim as Franz Schubert
 Klaramaria Skala as Therese Grob
 Walter Gynt as Vater Grob
 Heinz Conrads as Schober
 Rudolf Kreitner as Schwind
 Julius Brandt as Diabelli
 Leopold Reiter as Vogl
 Teddy Kern
 Charles Kalwoda
 Pepi Glöckner-Kramer
 Jenny Liese as Mutter Grob
 Martha Lukas as Kathi Fröhlich
 Erika Meisels
 Evi Servaes as Annerl
 Helli Servi as Maria

References

External links

1947 films
Austrian historical musical films
1940s historical musical films
1940s German-language films
Films set in the 19th century
Films set in Vienna
Films shot in Vienna
Films directed by Emmerich Hanus
Films about composers
Biographical films about musicians
Films about classical music and musicians
Cultural depictions of Franz Schubert
Austrian black-and-white films


title: 2001 SASF season

text:
The 2001 South Australian Soccer Federation season was the 95th season of soccer in South Australia.

2001 SASF Premier League

The 2001 South Australian Premier League season was the top level domestic association football competition in South Australia for 2001. It was contested by 12 teams in a single 22 round league format, each team playing all of their opponents twice.

Finals

2001 SASF State League

The 2001 South Australian State League season was the second highest domestic level association football competition in South Australia. It was contested by 12 teams in a single 22 round league format, each team playing all of their opponents twice.

N.B. Two matches in the final round weren't played.

Finals

See also
2001 SASF Premier League
2001 SASF State League
National Premier Leagues South Australia
Football Federation South Australia

References

2001 in Australian soccer
Football South Australia seasons


title: Karl Hagemeister

text:
Karl Hagemeister (12 March 1848 in Werder – 5 August 1933 in Werder) was a German landscape painter.

Life
He was the son of a fruit grower and developed an early interest in nature from the forested, watery surroundings of his birthplace. He trained as a teacher in Köpenick, then went to teach elementary school in Berlin, where he caught the attention of landscape painter Ferdinand Bellermann, who saw him at work in Schönhausen Palace park.

Bellermann convinced Hagemeister to give up his plans to become a drawing teacher and be an artist instead, helping him to obtain a position in the studios of Friedrich Preller. From 1871 to 1873, he received classically oriented training at Preller's Weimar Princely Free Drawing School, where he was introduced to Philipp Otto Runge's Farbenkugel and Goethe's Theory of Colours, both of which would heavily influence his thinking on the subject.

Beginning in 1873, he embarked on a long series of study trips, during which he became friends with Carl Schuch and, later, with Wilhelm Trübner. The three spent a year studying the Old Masters in the Netherlands, then Hagemeister went on to Italy, where he remained until 1876, when he returned to Werder. Later, he would travel throughout Germany seeking subject matter and gradually began to include figures in his landscapes, employing maids and farmers as models.

In 1884, Schuch persuaded Hagemeister to accompany him on a trip to Paris, where they both received their first exposure to the Barbizon School. Unfortunately, this trip also ended their friendship; apparently because Schuch was jealous of the faster stylistic progress that  Hagemeister was making.

Later career
Back in Werder, Hagemeister increasingly gave up his oil paints and began to work with oil pastel chunks. Although he never formally became an art teacher at any academy, he never rejected anyone who sought out his artistic advice. He later became one of the founding members of the Berlin Secession. In 1912, he gave private art lessons to seventeen-year-old Prince Friedrich Leopold, at the Prince's request. He exhibited extensively and, in 1913, was awarded the Bavarian "Order of Merit for Sciences and Arts". The following year, he was named a "Royal Prussian Professor" (a largely ceremonial title that did not involve any teaching). Two years later, he became ill, possibly from lead poisoning from the paints he used, and gave up painting. Most of what he had earned disappeared in the hyper-inflation following World War I. In 1923, he was named a member of the Academy of Arts. He never fully recovered from his illness and died while living with his brother at the family farmhouse.

Selected paintings

Writings
 Carl Schuch. Sein Leben und seine Werke (Carl Schuch, His Life and His Work), Cassirer, Berlin 1913
  Kleine Selbstbiographie (Short Autobiography), Werder, 1928

References

Further reading
 Margrit Bröhan: Karl Hagemeister (1848-1933). Gemälde, Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Nicolai, Berlin 1998, .
 .
Catalog Siegward Sprotte - Im Dialog mit Karl Hagemeister, Exhibition catalog from the Museum der Havelländischen Malerkolonie (includes the entire Selbstbiographie).

External links

 ArtNet: Ten pages of paintings and drawings by Hagemeister

 Karl Hagemeister Collection, in the Stadtmuseum Brandenburg a.d. Havel

1848 births
1933 deaths
People from Werder (Havel)
Artists from the Province of Brandenburg
Landscape painters
Impressionism
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists


title: 2010 Virginia ballot measures

text:
The 2010 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 2, 2010, the same day as the U.S. House elections in the state.  The only statewide elections on the ballot were three constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution.  Because Virginia state elections are held on off-years, no statewide officers or state legislative elections were held.  All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.

Question 1

The amendment asked voters if they would approve or reject a property tax exemption for residents 65 or older or with disabilities that are permanent. It also mandated that homeowners show that they had a tax burden on their property in relation to their income in order to receive such exemptions.

Question 2

The amendment asked voters of Virginia if they would approve or reject a property tax exemption for an armed forces veteran or their surviving spouse if the veteran had a 100% permanent and total disability related to military service.

Question 3

The Virginia Revenue Stabilization Fund was first established in 1992 after voters approved a constitutional amendment that mandated its creation.  This year's amendment asked voters to further expand the fund.  Virginia was one of five states that put a ballot question involving revenue stabilization or rainy day funds on the November 2010 ballot, largely in response to the Great Recession in the United States.  Voters were asked the following question:

"Shall Section 8 of Article X of the Constitution of Virginia be amended to increase the permissible size of the Revenue Stabilization Fund (also known as the "rainy day fund") from 10 percent to 15 percent of the Commonwealth's average annual tax revenues derived from income and retail sales taxes for the preceding three fiscal years?"

This amendment appeared to be far more controversial to voters, and passed with a far smaller margin than the other two amendments.

References

2010 Virginia elections


title: John H. Harbourne

text:
John H. Harbourne (September 9, 1840 - November 29, 1928) was an English born American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Harbourne received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Harbourne's medal was won for his actions during the Second Battle of Petersburg on June 17, 1864. He was honored with the award on February 24, 1897.

Harbourne was born in England, and immigrated with his family to the US in 1850. He joined the Army from Readville, Massachusetts in May 1864, and was discharged due to disability only four months later. He was later buried in Fernwood, Pennsylvania.

Medal of Honor citation

See also

List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L
Second Battle of Petersburg
Overland Campaign
29th Massachusetts Infantry

Notes

References

External links
John H Harbourne, Find a Grave

1840 births
1928 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
English emigrants to the United States
English-born Medal of Honor recipients
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: John Peel (Tamworth MP)

text:
John Peel   (4 February 1804 – 2 April 1872) was an English Liberal Party politician.

Peel was the son of Thomas Peel of Peelfold. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and became a merchant.

Peel was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Tamworth at a by-election in October 1863,
following the succession to the peerage of the Liberal MP Viscount Raynham.
He was re-elected in 1865,
but was defeated at the 1868 general election by Henry Bulwer.

When Bulwer was elevated to the peerage in 1871, Peel was elected unopposed
in his place,
and held the seat until his own death in April 1872,
aged 68.

Peel was also a Justice of the Peace for Warwickshire and Staffordshire.

References

External links

1804 births
1872 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
English justices of the peace
19th-century English businesspeople


title: Custos Rotulorum of County Kildare

text:
The Custos Rotulorum of County Kildare was the highest civil officer in County Kildare, Ireland. The position was later combined with that of Lord Lieutenant of Kildare.

Incumbents

1680–1685 Hon. Robert FitzGerald
1685–? Edward Brabazon, 4th Earl of Meath (died 1707)
1798–1804 William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster
1804–1819 Lord Robert FitzGerald
1819–1874 Augustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster

For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Kildare

References

Kildare


title: Pomeroy, Kansas

text:
Pomeroy is a neighborhood of Kansas City, Kansas, in the United States.

Pomeroy was platted as a village in 1871.

References

Neighborhoods in Kansas City, Kansas