title: The Writing's on the Wall (OK Go song)

text:
"The Writing's on the Wall" is a song by American rock band OK Go. It was released on June 17, 2014, as part of the band's EP Upside Out, and is also the first single from the band's fourth studio album Hungry Ghosts. On the same day, the band released a music video in which the members use props to create optical illusions, reflecting the song's description of a relationship that fails because the couple has different points of view. Like previous OK Go videos, it is structured as a one-shot music video. The many YouTube views of the video caused the song to debut in the top ten of the US Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart, as well as number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.

Background and composition
"The Writing's on the Wall" is an alternative rock and pop rock song. OK Go frontman Damian Kulash said "The Writing's on the Wall" was written around "that moment in a relationship when you realize it’s coming to an end and that it’s inevitable", where there is the "feeling of having something coalesce and fall apart, like chaos and order". He said the song is written to be "melancholic and jubilant at the same time". The song lasts three minutes and thirty-five seconds. The arrangement of the mix consists of two heavily distorted bass guitars and drums, which producer Dave Fridmann described as "very standard". The band spent a lot of time working on the bass parts sounding distorted, which were re-tracked with a Music Man StingRay. Fridmann said "it was fun to track a live band because it was highly unusual for that session. We just knew that on this song, having them play together was the best way to tell whether our ideas were working."

Music video

The four-minute video is shot in a single take using a hand-held Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH4 camera mounted in a stabilizing Fig Rig frame, moved about by members of OK Go and assistants through a warehouse with about 28 stations consisting of everyday objects mounted on supports, clothing worn by the band, and painted walls and floors of the warehouse in specific arrangements. Each station plays on the use of optical illusions once the camera is set in position, such as trompe-l'œil ones by Felice Varini that play on the illusion working from one specific point, or illusions like the Necker cube that are based on a lack of depth perception. All the illusions were created by the camera shots, without the use of any post-processing special effects.

The video for "The Writing's on the Wall" was co-directed by Kulash along with Aaron Duffy and Bob Partington, creative personnel from the Special Guest and 1st Ave Machine agencies, respectively.  The illusions were tied to the theme of the song, as described by Rolling Stone, "a pre-break-up report from a relationship in which two people keep seeing things in different ways". Kulash felt in planning the video that the use of illusions was a good representation of this concept. The band and crew were careful in selecting objects to use for the illusions and stuck to more common household objects, not wanting to create any unintentional meanings behind their selection that they knew some viewers would search for. In the song's bridge, the camera is mounted on a rolling device as it passes by wooden crates painted and populated with various objects, so that the words "I think / I understand you / but I don’t" appear briefly when the camera rolls by and in the correct position. Kulash emphasized this segment as "where the song comes out emotionally", and used the tighter confined space created by the crates to punctuate this segment from the larger warehouse space they had set the video in.

The video was planned about two months before the set was built using computer mock-ups to explore ideas. The warehouse set was located in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, where the band lived during the setup and filming of the video. It took about three weeks to assemble the set with the help of about 50 other people, including Kulash's father; the same crew also helped during the filming and resetting of the course between takes. During testing, they found that some concepts required fine tuning, such as positioning an apparent pile of junk as to resemble band member Tim Nordwind's face at the right angle without losing the fact that the junk was still made from common household objects. Further, Nordwind had shaved off half his beard to achieve an effect involving a mirror worn on his face, allowing him to appear as two different people.

The concept of the one-shot was considered critical to the video as it provided immersion for the viewer in the unfolding of the video, making them more interested in the song. Nordwind considered this video to be the band's most difficult to film because of their involvement, including manning the camera and performing nine costume changes. The film was arranged to put most of these complicated shots where mistakes would be made at the front of the video to reduce the amount of time to reset the warehouse for subsequent takes. They had anticipated having 2 or 3 days in early June 2014 to run through multiple takes of the video, but production difficulties left them with under nine hours to complete as many takes as they could. They made about 60 attempts at the single take, working into the morning hours, and completed the full run 18 times. The final video is a take performed in the midpoint of the filming process.

The music video premiered at a special presentation at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art on June 16, 2014, with its world premiere the next day via Rolling Stones website and OK Go's YouTube channel. Within a week of its premiere, the video had received over 7 million views on YouTube. The video won the award for Best Visual Effects at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards.

Release and reception
The band released "The Writing's on the Wall" alongside three other songs as the Upside Out EP on June 17, 2014, as a teaser for Hungry Ghosts. Reviews of the song were positive upon release. Roberts Randall, writing for The Los Angeles Times, said the song's melody has a New Order feel, while Chris Conaton of Popmatters called it "catchy, with a compelling vocal performance from Damien Kulash and a strong lyrical premise". "Writing's on the Wall" debuted at the top position of Billboard's US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, an extension to the Billboard Hot 100, and in the top ten at number ten of the American Hot Rock Songs chart, marking OK Go's first entry on the chart. It was powered by 2.2 million US streams, with 92% of them coming from views of the music video. The song was featured in The Amazing Spider-Man 2.

Impact
Apple Inc. used a similar video concept in their September 2014 keynote announcing the iPhone 6. The band has accused Apple of stealing its concept for the video, stating that they had previously gone to the computer company to obtain promotional funding for the band's video but the company turned them down. The band further contends that afterwards, Apple hired 1st Ave Machine and the same director they had used to make Apple's video. The band is exploring legal options to move forward.

OK Go was hired by the Chinese furniture company Red Star Macalline to create a video advertisement using similar single-take filming and optical illusion techniques as used in the video for "The Writing's on the Wall"; the music uses a mix of another song from the Hungry Ghosts album, "I Won't Let You Down".

Chart positions

References

External links
 Music video on OK Go's YouTube channel
 Interactive map of the video production by OK Go
 Behind-the-Scenes videos from OK Go's channel:
 "From the Trenches", background shots concurrently with one take
 Pre-visualization
 Painting Dan Konopka
 Creating Tim Nordwind's face

2014 songs
OK Go songs
2014 singles
Songs written by Damian Kulash
Songs written by Tim Nordwind


title: Peter Ghosh

text:
Peter R. Ghosh (; ; born December 1954, Sutton Coldfield) is a British historian, specialising in the history of ideas and historiography. He was Jean Duffield Fellow in Modern History at St Anne's College, Oxford, and Professor of the History of Ideas at the Faculty of History, University of Oxford.

Career

Ghosh was Jean Duffield Fellow in Modern History at St Anne's College, Oxford from 1982 to his retirement in 2023. After retiring he became a Senior Research Fellow at St Anne's College.

He has two related research interests: first, the interface between political ideas and English politics, c. 1850 – 1895; secondly, the evolution of Western European and British ideas, including historiography, from the Enlightenment to the present.

He has written for the London Review of Books and appeared on In Our Time discussing Max Weber.

Personal life

Peter Ghosh is married to Dame Helen Ghosh.

Works
 Politics and Culture in Victorian Britain: Essays in Memory of Colin Matthew (2006)
 A Historian Reads Max Weber: Essays on the Protestant Ethic (2008)
 Max Weber and 'The Protestant Ethic': Twin Histories (2014)
 Max Weber in Context: Essays in the History of German Ideas C. 1870-1930 (2016)

References

British historians
Fellows of St Anne's College, Oxford
1954 births
Living people


title: Marti-Colon Cemetery

text:
Marti-Colon Cemetery is a historic cemetery in West Tampa, maintained and partially owned by the City of Tampa. It currently lies south of Columbus Drive, though for the first sixty years of the cemetery's life, it extended north of Columbus. Marti-Colon has come into the news several times since its inception in the late 19th century, with reports of unscrupulous practices by owners and a lack of oversight by government officials.

History
In 1895, the City of West Tampa purchased land to be used as a city-run cemetery to serve the community. It was the final resting place of prominent West Tampans such as the second mayor of West Tampa, Francisco Milian. At some point, the cemetery moved into private hands, being owned and operated by J. L. Reed until 1936, when it was sold to the City of Tampa, so that the city could in turn sell right-of-way permissions through the cemetery for the expansion of Columbus Drive. The right-of-way separated the cemetery into northern and southern halves, apparently leaving several hundred bodies in the northern section.

In 1959, the cemetery (now becoming known as Colon) became the center of a scandal, when city workers dumped raw sewage onto the overgrown and abandoned northern section. The operator of the cemetery at that time, A. P. Boza, leased the property from the city, and had failed proper upkeep of the separated northern section. Because of the attention the sewage dump garnered, the city decided to turn the northern section (now known as the "old" Jose Marti cemetery) into a park, apparently removing the graves from that section.

In 1990, the cemetery again came into the news, when 10 adjacent lots which were sold to A. P. Boza at the time of his lease in 1939 were set to be auctioned off by the Hillsborough County Property Appraiser's Office for failure to pay taxes. The Property Appraiser's Office had been issuing notices to Boza since 1980, unaware that he had died in 1978. Upon realizing the land was in fact a cemetery, the Office cancelled the auction and sought tax exemption for the lots. West Tampa residents contacted the Office with concerns that graves would be exhumed if the tax issue was not cleared up.

By 1993, the cemetery had fallen into disrepair with no one willing to maintain the Boza and City owned portions. A small sliver of the cemetery land had belonged to Garden of Memories Funeral Home, which had been maintaining the entire cemetery, but stopped due to the expense. Because Boza had not left a will when he died, his son refused to claim the cemetery property, stating that "[That land] is nothing but a liability." Because of the outrage generated by the state of the cemetery, the City of Tampa agreed to allocate funds for its upkeep. By the end of 1993, more funds were being sought by families to pay for a security fence to help ward off vandals, after one resident reported a smashed marble angel statue on her uncle's crypt.

In 1995, scandal rocked the cemetery again with an investigation by WFLA into the issue of missing graves and potential buryovers. The city conducted its own investigation, and in 2000 confirmed that buryovers had taken place, and many records of graves held by the City Clerk's Office were useless in identifying missing burials. Graves that had been moved to make way for the construction of Columbus Drive had been topped by graves during the 1960s and 1970s. Research done by radio station WFLA using materials from A. P. Boza funeral home, City records, and records from the LDS Church, concluded that 290 graves report having more than one person buried in that particular location.

The City of Tampa owns the original Marti section that lies south of Columbus. In 2018 architect Patrick Thorpe purchased two acres of the Marti/Colon Cemetery for $9,500 on Craigslist. His intent is to protect it from future development and hopes to do the same for other area cemeteries.

References

External links
 Marti Colon Cemetery Collection at the University of South Florida, Tampa Library

Cemeteries in Hillsborough County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Tampa, Florida
1895 establishments in Florida
Cemeteries established in the 1890s


title: Surigao

text:
Surigao () may refer to:

Surigao (province), a former province of the Philippines, chartered in 1901 and dissolved in 1960. It is currently partitioned into three provinces which includes:
Surigao del Norte, a province in the Philippines
Surigao del Sur, a province in the Philippines
Surigao City, capital city of Surigao del Norte
Surigao Airport (IATA: SUG), an airport serving the general area of Surigao City and the province of Surigao del Norte

See also
Surigaonon (disambiguation)
Surigaonon language, sometimes known as Surigao language
Surigaonon people, sometimes known as Surigaos

Language and nationality disambiguation pages


title: Jenny Rosenthal Bramley

text:
Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (July 31, 1909 – May 26, 1997) was a Russian-born American physicist. She holds numerous patents on Electroluminescence and Electro-optics and is cited by the IEEE as being "well known for her innovative work in lasers."  She was the second woman elected as a fellow of the IEEE.

Personal life
Bramley was born Jenny Rosenthal in Moscow on July 31, 1909. Her parents were Lithuanian, and she and her family left Russia as part of a hostage exchange between Lithuania and the Soviet Union. She attended high school in Berlin and earned her bachelor's degree from the University of Paris in 1926 at age 16.

She spoke English, Russian, French, and German, and she used her language skills many times at professional meetings and to translate technical articles.

Bramley received both a master's degree in 1927 and a doctorate in 1929 at age 19 from New York University (NYU). University officials at NYU claim she became the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in physics from an American institution. However, three women (Mary Chilton Noyes, Caroline Willard Baldwin, and Isabelle Stone) were awarded doctorates in physics from American institutions in the nineteenth century, and evidence suggests at least 26 women earned doctorates in physics before 1929.

Bramley met her husband, Arthur Bramley, while working as a physicist at the United States Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratory in Belmar, NJ.  She died on May 26, 1997, at age 87 in Lancaster, PA, and is survived by a daughter, son, eleven grandchildren, and one great-granddaughter. She was proceeded in death by her husband and one son.

Career
After graduating from New York University Bramley did research at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Michigan before teaching at Brooklyn College and New York University.

Along with Gregory Breit, Bramley was the first to calculate the effect of extended nuclear charge on hyperfine structure and isotopic shift – an effect still known as the Breit–Rosenthal correction. She contributed to a number of other fields including applying electroluminescence to solid state displays and storage devices and developing high efficiency lasers. Bramley also invented coding techniques and methods of decoding pictorial information, later used in classified studies.

During World War II Bramley conducted some research in secret which she was unable to publish at the time. In the 1950s she worked at Monmouth Junior College, where she served as head of the mathematics department.

Honors and awards

 Sarah Berliner Research Fellow, American Association of University Women
 Fellow, American Physical Society
 Fellow, Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
 Wise Lifetime Achievement Award 1985, The InterAgency Committee on Women in Science and Engineering; cited as the most outstanding woman scientist in the federal government.
 Fellow, Washington Academy of Science

Legacy
In 1997, New York University named a physics laboratory in honor of Bramley.

References

1909 births
1997 deaths
American women physicists
Russian emigrants to Germany
University of Paris alumni
New York University alumni
University of Michigan fellows
20th-century American physicists
20th-century American women scientists
Monmouth University faculty
Brooklyn College faculty
American women academics
Lithuanian emigrants to the United States


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' singles

text:
Belinda Bencic was the defending champion, but chose to compete in the women's singles where she lost to Simona Halep in the third round.

Jeļena Ostapenko defeated Kristína Schmiedlová in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–0 to win the girls' singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Seeds

  Ivana Jorović (second round)
  CiCi Bellis (first round)
  Tornado Alicia Black (quarterfinals)
  Aliona Bolsova Zadoinov (first round)
  Jil Teichmann (third round)
  Iryna Shymanovich (first round)
  Françoise Abanda (third round)
  Kristína Schmiedlová (final)
  Anhelina Kalinina (third round)
  Xu Shilin (quarterfinals)
  Ioana Loredana Roșca (third round)
  Markéta Vondroušová (semifinals)
  Priscilla Hon (first round)
  Sandra Samir (first round)
  Anna Bondár (first round)
  Naiktha Bains (first round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

External links

Girls' Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Girls' singles


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Girls' doubles

text:
Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková were the defending champions, however were no longer eligible to compete in junior tennis.

Tami Grende and Ye Qiuyu defeated Marie Bouzková and Dalma Gálfi in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–5) to win the girls' doubles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Seeds

  Anhelina Kalinina /  Iryna Shymanovich (quarterfinals)
  Priscilla Hon /  Jil Teichmann (semifinals)
  Naiktha Bains /  Tornado Alicia Black (quarterfinals)
  Katie Boulter /  Ivana Jorović (quarterfinals)
  Paula Badosa Gibert /  Aliona Bolsova Zadoinov (first round)
  Jana Fett /  Ioana Loredana Roșca (first round)
  Simona Heinová /  Markéta Vondroušová (withdrew)
  Viktória Kužmová /  Kristína Schmiedlová (second round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links

Girls' Doubles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Girls' doubles


title: Hotel Nacional (album)

text:
Hotel Nacional is the eleventh studio album by Bosnian singer-songwriter Dino Merlin. It was released on 20 June 2014 by Dino Merlin's independent label Magaza and Croatia Records as the follow-up to his 10th studio album Ispočetka (2008).  Production of the album was led by Dino himself alongside Yoad Nevo, Richard Niles, Baby Dooks, Marcos Ubeda, Gunnar Norden and longtime collaborators Mahir Sarihodžić and Mahir Beathouse.

Upon release the album debuted at number 8 on the Billboard World Albums Chart making it the only album of its kinds to be featured on this list from the region. The subsequent Hotel Nacional World Tour attracted more than 750,000 people during four years of running, an unprecedented feat in the touring industry of southeastern Europe

Background

After completing the tour Ispočetka promoting his 10th studio album of the same name which sold over 700.000 tickets during the course of 4 years, Dino Merlin took a break from music and performing. The hiatus lasted for around 18 months during which most of the recording for the new album took place.

In several interviews Dino described his songwriting process as being "organic" meaning that Dino, unlike many others, never consciously starts writing a song, instead he waits for "the song to come to him". Hence, the time it takes for Dino to finish a song takes considerably longer in comparison to other songwriters. In some cases, as in the songs Ispočetka and Hotel Nacional, it took Dino years to finally finish them. The amount of time it takes for Dino's songs to come to fruition was evident with Hotel Nacional as it took almost 6 years to write all the songs for the album.

On 16 June 2011 Dino Merlin released the single Undo. The song marked a turning point in Dino's artistic expression. Critics as well as the audience remarked that the song was unlike any other Dino Merlin produced during his career as it featured a very modern arrangement, with electronic, alternative rock and dubstep elements. The song was later included in the album. Because it was released before the other singles and because it also reliably represented the new sound of the upcoming album, Undo served as the album's de facto first unofficial single.

Recording

Sarajevo
Recording of the album took place in Dino's studio in his hometown of Sarajevo in the neighborhood of Ilidža with his longtime collaborators Mahir Beathouse and Mahir Sarihodžić. In Sarajevo, most of the demo tracks and the album's initial sound was created during the period of two years. Sessions occurred irregularly, which was in line with Dino's timing of songwriting, with some sessions lasting up to a couple of weeks and then followed by a hiatus of several months.

Zagreb
Beside his collaborators in Sarajevo, Dino Merlin also spent a great deal of time in Zagreb operating from his apartment at park Zrinjevac. The opening single of Ispočetka, the song Dabogda was produced by DJ and music producer David Vurdelja aka Baby Dooks whom Dino met at a late night studio session while wrapping up the album in 2008. The song in collaboration with Hari Mata Hari, a well known regional singer, ended up hitting the charts and becoming the biggest hit of the year in the region. Dabogda was the only song Dino Merlin worked on with Baby Dooks during the recording of album Ispočetka. Their collaboration continued and resulted in producing the first major single from Hotel Nacional and probably the biggest hit on the record Školjka.

London
During early 2011 Dino took a trip to London to meet his friend and music producer Srdjan Kurpjel with whom he collaborated on both Burek and Ispočetka. Kurpjel introduced him to fellow London based producer Yoad Nevo who at the time worked with some of the most iconic British acts to date - Pet Shop Boys, Sugababes, Sophie Ellis-Bextor etc. Yoad Nevo while firstly recruited to produce Dino's Eurovision Song Contest entry Love in Rewind, was later involved in additional and post-production of almost all of the songs and is credited for mixing end engineering the sound for Hotel Nacional. As a result, the album Hotel Nacional is widely recognized among peers and critics to be possibly the best sound engineered album from the region in recent memory.

Stockholm

During the previous tour Ispočetka, Dino participated in the Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf performing the song "Love in rewind" in early 2011. During rehearsals he befriended the Swedish delegation and the producer of the winning song of Eurovison Song Contest held in 1999 in Jerusalem, Take me to your heaven - Marcos Ubeda.  Marcos, later contributed to producing the single Hotel Nacional after which the album was named in 2014. Later during the year, Dino was also introduced to famed jazz producer Gunnar Norden, who recorded and produced the third single of the album "Sunce".

Release

During the spring of 2014 heavy flooding hit the region with Dino's home country being hit the most. Tens of thousands of people were affected and thousands of homes were destroyed. In order to raise awareness and aid money, Dino Merlin partnered with the Red Cross of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia to publish the song . The video featured footage from the effects of flooding and its disastrous consequences while featuring Red Cross telephone numbers on which money could be donated. Apart from releasing the song Ruža, Dino Merlin was actively involved in alleviating the pain caused by the disasters by visiting the affected sites by flooding as well as donating to the affected population in both Bosnia and Serbia. The natural disasters that affected the region postponed the launch of the album which was planned in early May 2014.

In June 2014 a campaign promoting the new album was slowly taking place. On 15 June 2014 the single Školjka was published worldwide during the halftime of Bosnia's first ever football world cup performance. The song was released on YouTube, iTunes and Deezer and recorded over 100,000 YouTube views during the first 24 hours upon release. The song rose quickly to popularity and was featured in almost every halftime commercial break on national television during the world cup.

Just days later, on 19 June 2014, Dino Merlin released a photo on his Facebook profile of him holding the cover of the album Hotel Nacional. The cover featured an inverted photo of Dino Merlin looking back at his childhood neighborhood of Alifakovac in Sarajevo. The following day, 20 June 2014, the album was released to iTunes, Amazon and Deezer and was distributed in hard copy across the region. Accompanying the launch of the album, a renewed official website was launched, as well as a nationwide promotional campaign with billboards set all across the country. In neighboring Croatia, the album was published by the nation's biggest record label - Croatia Records. In Serbia, the sale of the album was upheld due to legal issues with the partnering record label City Records. Due to successful sales in its first week after release, the album debuted at number 8 on the Billboard World Albums list. Hotel Nacional is the first and only album from the region to be included in such a list. In this regard it represented a monumental success in Dino's career.

Track listing

References

Dino Merlin albums
2014 albums


title: Maubeuge Construction Automobile

text:
Maubeuge Construction Automobile (; MCA) is a subsidiary of the French car manufacturer Renault created in 1980 to operate the light commercial vehicle plant located at Maubeuge. The company traces its origins back to a Chausson factory established in 1969.

History
In 1969, the Société des Usines Chausson established operations in Maubeuge. In 1970, Renault and Peugeot entered into the company. (a 52% stake was owned by Chausson, a 24% by Renault and a 24% by Peugeot). An assembly facility was inaugurated on 23 September 1971. The next years, however, Chausson struggled with the relatively low sales for the models produced and the breakup of the Renault-Peugeot partnership. In 1978, Renault purchased all the plant's stake and renamed it Maubeuge Chausson Automobile. In 1980, Renault founded MCA. Since the 1990s it specialised on LCVs. In 2011 an all-electric van was put into production. In 2012, as part of the partnership between Renault and Daimler, Maubeuge started to assemble the Mercedes-Benz Citan, a  badge-engineered Kangoo. In June 2021, Renault said it plans to merge MCA operations with the Douai and Ruitz ones into a new wholly owned subsidiary named as Renault ElectriCity, with the aim of creating an electric vehicle manufacturing pole in northern France.

Vehicles manufactured
Renault 15 (1971−?)
Renault 18 (1979−1985)
Renault Fuego (1979−1985)
Renault 21 Nevada (1986−1990)
Renault Medallion (1986−1988)
Renault 19 Cabriolet (1988−1992)
Renault Express (1989−2000)
Renault Kangoo (1998−2007)
Renault Kangoo II (2007−2021)
Renault Kangoo III (2021−present)
Mercedes-Benz Citan I (2012−2021)
Mercedes-Benz Citan II (2021−present)
Nissan Townstar (2021-present)

References

Renault
Motor vehicle assembly plants in France
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1969
French companies established in 1969


title: Concepcion Islands

text:
The Concepcion Islands are 17 variously inhabited and uninhabited islands in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. The islands are politically subdivided into 11 island barangays and are part of the municipality of Concepcion. According to the 2010 census, the islands collectively have a population of 19,080, 48 percent the total population of Concepcion.

History
In 1604, Juan Salgado twice defeated Spanish pirates near Pan de Azucar. During World War II, Japanese forces shot down an American fighter pilot, which crash landed near Bag-o Abo Island.

Geography

The Concepcion Islands are located east of Panay Island in the Visayan Sea, and are part of the larger Western Visayas archipelago. The islands are part of the town of Concepcion, and comprise 40 percent of Concepcion's total land area. The nearest island is Tago, which is a coral reef  from the mainland, inside Concepcion Bay. The furthest island is far-flung Baliguian, located  away from the mainland. Baliguian also marks the end of Concepcion's municipal waters. The majority of the islands are mountainous and wooded, ringed by white sand beaches and surrounded by reefs, shoals, and sandbars. A few of the islands feature lighthouses to aid ship navigation in this area.

Islands

The Concepcion Islands are:
 Agho Island
 Anauayan Island
 Bag-o Abo Island
 Bag-o Isi Island
 Baliguian Island
 Bocot Island
 Botlog Island
 Bulubadiangan Island
 Chico Island (Bag-o Sipol Island)
 Colebra Island (Bago-alas Island)
 Danao-Danao Island
 Igbon Island
 Malangabang Island
 Pan de Azucar Island
 Sombrero Island
 Tago Island
 Tagubanhan Island

See also

 List of islands in the Philippines

References

External links
 Concepcion Islands at OpenStreetMap
 Concepcion Islands at Explore Iloilo

Islands of Iloilo


title: Hospital San Juan de Dios, Bogotá

text:
Hospital San Juan de Dios in Bogotá housed the National Institute of Immunology () where important research on vaccines, notably the first synthetic vaccine against malaria, was conducted, The Instituto Meterno-infantil, Hospital La Hortúa (Psychiatric Wing) and the Santa Clara Clinic currently. It is one of the oldest serving hospitals in Latin America. It was founded in 1723 in times of the colony, yet its operation dates back the 1564 and was called Hospital de San Pedro and was established with the properties donated by Bishop Juan de los Barrios. It was later called Hospital de Jesús, José y María and finally Hospital San Juan de Dios. It initially consisted of three buildings of republican architectural style. The main building was modeled after the Pasteur Institute in France. and was finished in 1921. Later, a 1960 style high-rise building was constructed to house the hospital, and the original buildings were left abandoned.

History
Celebrated Colombian scientist Dr. Manuel Elkin Patarroyo's laboratory, the  was located in the republican style buildings. The wing underwent remodeling and was restored to its initial architectural beauty. Patarroyo's laboratory is one of the leading institutes in the world renowned for their work on the development of the first synthetic vaccine for malaria.

The hospital remained one of the main academic medical centers until 1999 and was the main hospital for National University of Colombia the largest public medical school in Colombia. It was owned and managed by a foundation, and after the national restructuring of Colombian health system into a private captive health insurance system, (known as Ley 100 de 1993) the hospital became financially insolvent mainly because it stopped receiving direct state support for uninsured emergencies and procedures for the poorest residents of the city. The bankruptcy of the hospital led to expropriation of its assets by lenders through 2006. All of the equipment of Patarroyo's laboratory was repossessed and the institute closed. The institute was re-established and relocated as the Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia.

The hospital was acquired by the City of Bogotá in 2015 and currently undergoes renovation. Most of the delay has been due to legal issues surrounding the will of the donor of the land and the legal suits between the city of Bogotá, and the Cundinamarca Department to determine ownership and the negotiations to avoid the eviction of squatters who occupied the building after its closure in addition to unsolved pensions owed to former employees. While some of the buildings cannot be demolished because of their designation as cultural and historical site the multinational firm COPASA has been hired by the city to demolish part of the complex and build a new complex. The contract was signed by mayor Claudia López in February 2020.

References

Hospitals in Colombia
Defunct hospitals
Hospitals established in the 16th century
Buildings and structures in Bogotá
National Monuments of Colombia


title: Joshua Kekaulahao

text:
Joshua Kekaulahao ( – May 7, 1856) was a politician and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii. His name is often spelled Kekaulahau.

Biography
Born around 1824, Kekaulahao was the son of A. Kaina, who was a captain of the interisland steamer Akamai. A sister of his married Jonah Kapena. Kekaulahao also had a son who died in the smallpox epidemic of 1853. A vaccination administered by a Honolulu physician failed to save the child, and he died at Lahaina after bathing in the sea to alleviate the malignant case of smallpox. The 1853 epidemic resulted in about and 2,485 reported deaths but the death toll was probably as high as five or six thousand, about eight percent of the islands' population. The Hawaiian government made smallpox vaccination compulsory in 1854.

Kekaulahao was one of the first generation of Hawaiians to receive a western education by the American missionaries who arrived in Hawaii in 1820. In 1836, he began his education at Lahainaluna Seminary and graduated in 1841. Some of his classmates included writer S. N. Haleole, historian Samuel Kamakau and future royal governor George Luther Kapeau.
After graduating from Lahainaluna, Kekaulahao became a practicing attorney in the early days of the kingdom. He entered the service of the Hawaiian government as a clerk for the House of Nobles in the 1846 session of the Hawaiian legislature. Throughout much of the early 1850s, he led an active career in the politics of the kingdom.
In 1851, he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the legislature, representing the district of ʻEwa, Oʻahu. Kekaulahao would serve as a representative from 1851 to 1852. On April 14, 1853, he was elevated to the position of a member of the House of Nobles, the upper house of the legislature traditionally reserved for the chiefs, serving until 1855.
Initially serving as a secretary on the Board of Land Commissioners, he succeeded Zorobabela Kaʻauwai as one of the commissioners on the board after Kaʻauwai's resignation. The board was in charge of settling or quieting land claims of the Great Māhele. He served on the board from 1850 to 1855. On April 24, 1855, Kekaulahao was appointed Circuit Judge for Oʻahu succeeding his cousin John Kalili, who died in office.

Kekaulahao died on May 7, 1856, in Honolulu at the age of thirty-two. Two years later in 1858, he and five members of his family including his younger brother, father, son, sister, and cousin John Kalili were buried in the cemetery of the Kawaiahaʻo Church in a ceremony which included the use of Niihau mats as burial goods.

References

Bibliography

1820s births
1856 deaths
Native Hawaiian people
Hawaiian Kingdom politicians
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives
Hawaiian Kingdom judges
Lahainaluna School alumni
Burials at Kawaiahaʻo Church


title: Danial Synagogue

text:
Danial Synagogue () or Daniel Synagogue () also known as Polish Synagogue  ( - Kenise Lahestāni-hā) is the only Ashkenazi synagogue in Iran. It is located at 30 Tir Street (formerly known as Ghavam Al Saltaneh Street), in Tehran.

It was mainly used during the time of the Second World War by Polish Jewish refugees. With the increase in Jewish refugees from Poland in 1940, Iranian Jews decided to build a specific Ashkenazi synagogue next to the Haim Synagogue.

When the Danial Synagogue was first opened it could hold sixty people. Three Ashkenazi-designed Torahs had been brought from Poland and were used in the synagogue. After the Iranian Revolution, most Ashkenazi Jews left Iran, so the synagogue is now mainly used by Iranian Jews.

See also
Polish refugees in Iran

References

Ashkenazi Jewish culture in the Middle East
Ashkenazi synagogues
European diaspora in Iran
Polish diaspora in Asia
Polish-Jewish diaspora
Synagogues in Tehran
Orthodox synagogues
Orthodox Judaism in the Middle East
Buildings and structures in Tehran
Iran–Poland relations


title: Tony Bowls

text:
Tony Bowls (born Arkansas, USA) is a fashion designer and businessman who specializes in formal wear.

Early years
Tony Bowls was born in England, Arkansas. As a child, he studied dance with Joel Ruminer, and through him became involved as a dancer at the Miss Arkansas pageant.  This exposure led to Bowls' entrance into the fashion and entertainment industries.

Career
Tony Bowls was actively engaged in the prom, pageant and formalwear industries for over a decade before his first collection debuted. At age 28, he jump-started his career by opening a high-end dress shop. Through this self-owned and managed retail outlet, Bowls met, interacted with and designed for pageant and prom women, including Miss America and Miss USA contestants. His work in retail has inspired his claim that “hands-on sales involvement is high-octane fuel for his creative process”.

In 2004, Tony joined Mon Cheri to develop the Tony Bowls Collection. Since then, Bowls' gowns have been worn by Miss America 2009 Katie Stam and Miss America 2012 Laura Kaeppeler, as well as several other Miss America winners and contestants. He has also dressed contestants in the Miss USA, Miss Teen USA, and Miss Universe pageants. He is the official designer for the Miss America's Outstanding Teen Pageant. Most recently, Tony Bowls/Mon Cheri have been named the Official Evening Gown Sponsor of Miss America for the 2015 competition.

Following the success of the Tony Bowls collection, Bowls introduced Tony Bowls Paris, Tony Bowls Le Gala, Tony Bowls Evenings, and Tony Bowls Shorts Collections for prom and social occasion wear. Bowls' market has extended far beyond pageant stages; his dresses can be seen in stores and on red carpets internationally.

Celebrities including Carrie Underwood, Brooke Burke, Vanna White, JWoww, Twilight star Ashley Greene, Triple Crown winner Allison Alderson, HLN's Robin Meade, and The Bachelorette’s Emily Maynard have worn Bowls' gowns.  His dresses have been featured in Us Weekly, Seventeen Prom, and many other publications. Ellen DeGeneres endorsed Bowls and his work on her show. His designs have made other television appearances on The Real Housewives of Orange County, The Real Housewives of New Jersey, Dancing With the Stars, American Idol, Wheel of Fortune, and The Voice. Notably, drag performer Ginger Minj was criticized for wearing a gown that looked "cheap" by judge Michelle Visage on the program RuPaul's Drag Race, only to reveal it was a $5,000 gown by Bowls.

Awards and honors
Bowls has won the DEBI (Distinctive Excellence in the Bridal Industry) award for Prom Designer of the year in 2011 and 2013. He was nominated for the DEBI award in 2012, and is nominated again for the upcoming 2014 awards.

References

American fashion designers
High fashion brands


title: Wilhelm Hasemann

text:
Wilhelm Hasemann (16 September 1850, Mühlberg – 28 November 1913, Gutach) was a German genre painter and illustrator.

Life and career
Hasemann was the only son of a mechanic and left school at the age of fifteen to work in his father's shop. After displaying some artistic talent, he went to study at the Prussian Academy of Arts, the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School and the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe where he was a student of Gustav Schönleber. In 1880, he visited the village of Gutach for the first time as part of an assignment to illustrate the novella "Lorle, die Frau Professorin" by Berthold Auerbach. Later, he and his brother-in-law Curt Liebich would establish an artists' colony at Gutach. In 1898, he was named a Professor by Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden.

Hasemenn's paintings focused on rural life, customs and traditional dress, and his works were widely reproduced as postcards and magazine illustrations. He often collaborated with the writer Heinrich Hansjakob, who lived nearby in Haslach. They shared an interest in preserving the culture of the Black Forest region.

The primary and secondary schools in Gutach are named after him, as well as the art museum and the game preserve between Hausach and Schonach. In addition, the mountain hut on the Farrenkopf on the Westweg between Hausach and Schonach bears his name.

References

Further reading
 Ludwig Vögely: "Der Schwarzwaldmaler Wilhelm Hasemann (1850–1913)." In Badische Heimat 69 (1989) pgs.13–25 (full text online)
 Georg A. Kuhlins: "Wilhelm Hasemann. Ein Maler aus dem Kreis Liebenwerda." In Schwarze Elster Nr. 29 (606) Kreismuseum Bad Liebenwerda 1988
 Hermann Busse: Der Schwarzwaldmaler Wilhelm Hasemann, Bühl-Konkordia, Leipzig, 1921.

External links

 Kunstmuseum Hasemann-Liebich in Gutach
 Works by and photographs of Wilhelm Hasemann @ Landeskunde Online

1850 births
1913 deaths
People from Mühlberg, Brandenburg
Artists from the Province of Brandenburg
Genre painters
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
Black Forest
Prussian Academy of Arts alumni


title: Grünstadt–Altleiningen railway

text:
The Grünstadt–Altleiningen railway or Leiningen Valley Railway was a 10.7 kilometre long branch line from Grünstadt to Altleiningen in the northeastern Palatinate Forest of Germany. The line opened in 1903. In 1967, passenger services were withdrawn and, in the period that followed, the section between Maihof-Drahtzug and Altleiningen was lifted. Goods traffic continued on the remaining section until the end of 2005.

References

Literature

Heinz Sturm Die pfälzischen Eisenbahnen. pro MESSAGE, 2005

External links

 Trip report

Standard gauge railways in Germany
Railway lines in Rhineland-Palatinate
Buildings and structures in Bad Dürkheim (district)
Transport in Rhineland-Palatinate


title: Peacock in the Park

text:
Peacock in the Park is an annual LGBT variety show, held at Washington Park in  Portland, Oregon, in the United States. The event was founded in 1987 and ran for 18 years, until it was replaced by the Peacock After Dark event in 2005. Due to popular demand, Peacock in the Park returned in 2014. It is considered family-friendly and is free to attend. Shows feature dancers, drag performances, and live music.

Portland Monthly described Peacock in the Park as "Portland's gay equivalent of the Super Bowl: thousands from the queer spectrum flocked to Washington Park's amphitheater, spread out blankets and coolers of beer, and mingled before a stage of drag and music performances".

References

External links

 Peacock in the Park at the Imperial Sovereign Rose Court of Oregon
 AFTER A DECADE-LONG HIATUS, PEACOCK RETURNS! (June 11, 2014), PQ Monthly
 Fugitives and Refugees 10 Years Later: An Omnibus (July 3, 2013), Willamette Week

1987 establishments in Oregon
Annual events in Portland, Oregon
LGBT culture in Portland, Oregon
Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)


title: Geoff Workman

text:
Geoff Workman (21 September 1947 – 21 January 2010) was an English record producer and engineer, best known for producing and engineering albums for The Cars, Queen, Journey, Foreigner, Drivin N Cryin, Toto, Mötley Crüe, Private Eye and Twisted Sister. In the late 1970s, he engineered several albums with Roy Thomas Baker, eventually leaving in the 1980s to become a full-time producer. He produced the band Secretz at Cherokee studios with Darrahl Foley. Geoff called Denver, Colorado home during the 1990s where he produced and engineered for bands such as the Hippie Werewolves, Dogs of Pleasure, Killian Dare and Strange Parade as well as Logan out of Houston TX.

Early life
Geoffrey Workman was born in a small household in Liverpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom. Geoff's father was Thomas Arthur Rose Workman, a drummer and a Naval Architect for the British. John Lennon, who was perhaps one of the more influential person(s) in his future music career, would occasionally eat dinner at his family's house in Liverpool. Geoff created a band during his early education called the "Feelgoods," who would play at small local venues. John, who was at that point a part of the Beatles, invited him to tour with them as the opening act. After asking his father, Geoff remembered Thomas saying, "If you don't do it, you'll regret it."

The tour bus, which was allegedly said to have arrived at Geoff's school, was a dramatic beginning to a long career. Starting their tour in Germany, the newly found Beatles and the young Feelgoods were moved quickly around in Hamburg due to several issues, including the termination of contract by one club owner. After several years of opening for bands, including at a popular club by the name of Reeperbahn, he returned to England to work in the studio, producing for other bands.

Upon finding a periodical that introduced the world of recording to him, he copied down the relevant details and applied for a job. on his first night, he was rejected, and had to sleep on a bench. The following day, he asked again, and they offered him a position, "swabbing toilets and bringing coffee," and he agreed. His first attempt at producing was as a fill in for an album released by King Crimson, working on their album, In the Court of the Crimson King and Lizard. Eventually, after working for Wessex Sound Studios for several years engineering orchestras, commercial jingles, and local projects, he got his "big break" through being offered the chance to produce Journey.

References

English record producers
1947 births
2010 deaths
musicians from Liverpool


title: Literature of New England

text:
The literature of New England has had an enduring influence on American literature in general, with themes such as religion, race, the individual versus society, social repression, and nature, emblematic of the larger concerns of American letters.

History
New England's rich literary history begins with the oral tradition of Native American tribes. During the colonial period, Stephen Daye set up the first British-American printing press in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and, in 1640, published the Bay Psalm Book as the first book printed in British North America. England-born Anne Bradstreet, who had settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony, there composed what was soon published as The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.

New England was the birthplace of many American Romantic authors and poets. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston. Henry David Thoreau was born in Concord, Massachusetts, where he famously lived, for some time, by Walden Pond, on Emerson's land. Nathaniel Hawthorne, romantic era writer, was born in historical Salem; later, he would live in Concord at the same time as Emerson and Thoreau. All three of these writers have strong connections to The Old Manse, a home in the Emerson family and a key center of the Transcendentalist movement.

Washington Irving wrote short stories set in New England communities of dutch origin.
Emily Dickinson lived most of her life in Amherst, Massachusetts. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was from Portland, Maine, and Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston.

According to some, the famed Mother Goose, the author of fairy tales and nursery rhymes was originally a person named Elizabeth Foster Goose or Mary Goose who lived in Boston, but there is no evidence to support this. Poets James Russell Lowell, Amy Lowell, and Robert Lowell, a Confessionalist poet and teacher of Sylvia Plath, were all from New England. Anne Sexton, also taught by Lowell, was born and died in Massachusetts. Much of the work of Nobel Prize laureate Eugene O'Neill is associated with the city of New London, Connecticut, where he spent many summers. The 14th U.S. Poet Laureate Donald Hall, a New Hampshire resident, continues the line of renowned New England poets. Noah Webster, the Father of American Scholarship and Education, was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. Pulitzer Prize winning poets Edwin Arlington Robinson, Edna St. Vincent Millay and Robert P. T. Coffin were born in Maine.

Poets Stanley Kunitz and Elizabeth Bishop were both born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Galway Kinnell was born in Providence, Rhode Island. Oliver La Farge, a New Englander of French and Narragansett descent, won the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel, the predecessor to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, in 1930 for his book Laughing Boy. John P. Marquand grew up in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Novelist Edwin O'Connor, who was also known as a radio personality and journalist, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his novel The Edge of Sadness. Pulitzer Prize winner John Cheever, a novelist and short story writer, was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, and set most of his fiction in old New England villages based on various South Shore towns around there. E. Annie Proulx was born in Norwich, Connecticut. David Lindsay-Abaire, who won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2007 for his play Rabbit Hole, was raised in Boston.

Ethan Frome, written in 1911 by Edith Wharton, is set in turn-of-the-century New England, in the fictitious town of Starkfield, Massachusetts. Like much literature of the region, it plays off themes of isolation and hopelessness. New England is also the setting for most of the gothic horror stories of H. P. Lovecraft, who lived his life in Providence, Rhode Island. Real New England towns such as Ipswich, Newburyport, Rowley, and Marblehead featured often in his stories alongside fictional locations such as Dunwich, Arkham, Innsmouth and Kingsport. Lovecraft often expressed an appreciation for New England in his personal correspondence, and believed that returning to the area was the reason that his writing improved after he left New York City.

The region has also drawn authors and poets from other parts of the U.S. Mark Twain thought Hartford was the most beautiful city in the U.S. He made it his home, and wrote his masterpieces there. He lived next door to Harriet Beecher Stowe, a local most famous for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. John Updike, originally from Pennsylvania, eventually moved to Ipswich, Massachusetts, which served as the model for the fictional New England town of Tarbox in his 1968 novel Couples. Robert Frost was born in California, but moved to Massachusetts during his teen years and published his first poem in Lawrence; his frequent use of New England settings and themes ensured that he would be associated with the region. Arthur Miller, a New York City native, used New England as the setting for some of his works, most notably The Crucible.

Herman Melville, originally from New York City, bought the house now known as Arrowhead in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and there wrote his novel Moby-Dick. Poet Maxine Kumin was born in Philadelphia, and currently resides in Warner, New Hampshire. Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Mary Oliver was born in Maple Heights, Ohio, and lived in Provincetown, Massachusetts for over fifty years. Charles Simic, who was born in Belgrade, Serbia (at that time Yugoslavia) grew up in Chicago and lives in Strafford, New Hampshire, on the shore of Bow Lake. He is the professor emeritus of American literature and creative writing at the University of New Hampshire. Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist and short story writer Steven Millhauser, whose short story "Eisenheim the Illusionist" was adapted into the 2006 film The Illusionist, was born in New York City and raised in Connecticut.

More recently, Stephen King, born in Portland, Maine, has used the small towns of his home state as the setting for much of his horror fiction, with several of his stories taking place in or near the fictional town of Castle Rock. Just to the south, Exeter, New Hampshire, was the birthplace of best-selling novelist John Irving and Dan Brown, author of The Da Vinci Code. Rick Moody has set many of his works in southern New England, focusing on wealthy families of suburban Connecticut's Gold Coast and their battles with addiction and anomie.

Derek Walcott, a playwright and poet who won the 1992 Nobel Prize for Literature, taught poetry at Boston University. Pulitzer Prize winner Cormac McCarthy, whose novel No Country for Old Men was made into the Academy Award for Best Picture winning film in 2007, was born in Providence, although he moved to Tennessee when he was a boy. New York Times Bestselling author Dennis Lehane, another native of the Boston area, who was born in Dorchester, wrote the novels that were adapted into the films Mystic River, Gone Baby Gone and Shutter Island.

Largely on the strength of its local writers, Boston was for some years the center of the U.S. publishing industry, before being overtaken by New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. Boston remains the home of legacy publishers Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education as well as a cadre of younger independent publishers including Candlewick Press and Charlesbridge Publishing, and was the longtime home of literary magazine The Atlantic Monthly. Merriam-Webster is based in Springfield, Massachusetts. Yankee, a magazine dedicated to New England life, culture, and arts, is based in Dublin, New Hampshire.

See also
 Books in the United States
 Franco American literature

References

New England
Culture of New England
American literature


title: Alpha Ridge Landfill

text:
The Alpha Ridge Landfill (Alpha Ridge Sanitary Landfill) is a municipal solid waste landfill located in Marriottsville, Maryland, once known as the postal town of Alpha, Maryland.

Alpha Ridge is the third official landfill built in Howard County, Maryland. Howard County's first landfill was New Cut in Ellicott City, Maryland which operated from 1944 to 1980 followed by Carr's Mill, operated between 1953 and 1977.

History

Alpha Ridge was proposed in the late 1970s as an unpopular project that strained the public participation process to address the needs of a population expansion that would quadruple while it was in operation. The search for a third County landfill started in 1973 with opposition causing the drop of selections at Triadelphia Road and Route 144, Interstate 70 and Sand Hill Road and Henryton Road at Route 99. In 1976 the search centered around the 600-acre Burliegh Manor slave plantation purchased by future Maple Lawn developer Steward Greenbaum. Community members quit the site study claiming they were denied meaningful participation. When updating the historical status of the plantation in 1976, County archivist Cleora Barnes Thompson added "It should be stated here that the presence of a landfill in the surrounding area of Burliegh might not be in any way harmful as it will prevent the encroachment of future suburban development and will later provide a large area for a park, recreation or open space". Protests from citizens and Goodloe Byron against Clarksville, Guilford and Ellicott City sites left Marriotsville as the site with least opposition. Gibes Realty-Woodbrier Enterprises put together an offer of $3900 an acre to purchase land contracts. The Company owners, Robert and James Moxley were the original land speculators for Columbia and children of former County Chairman Norman E. Moxley. In February 1977 the  Gibes-Woodbrier Alpha Ridge site was selected at the end of County Executive Edward L. Cochran's term. His wife became the realtor for the subdivision of Burleigh Manor afterward. Howard County Citizens for Conservation gathered 3000 signatures against the project and sued the county for lack of public meetings on the selection. The suit was dismissed in May with acknowledgement that meetings did not have adequate notice. In May 1979 the Maryland State Health department granted the permit for Alpha Ridge. The initial site was built on a compacted base without liners. Residents were informed that Alpha Ridge would operate until the year 2000 without expansion and be converted to a park at the end of its collection phase. BFI Recycling service started in 1989 as part of a Maryland initiative to increase recycling to 20% by 1994. The same year a $52 million project was earmarked to bring the landfill into compliance with Maryland Environmental regulations. By 1990, Alpha Ridge operations cost $75 a ton. In 1992, Howard County proposed to expand the landfill, beyond its original 2.3 million ton capacity. $11 million was budgeted to install cell liners on the remainder of the property to bring capacity up to 6.8 million tons. Citizen opposed the expansion showing documentation from 1978 that the intent was not to expand. Public hearings on expansion in February were emptied by the fire marshal for overcrowding. In 1993, Ecker sought alternatives as groundwater contamination suits were imminent. He proposed a regional trash incinerator facility with Anne Arundel County to provide power to NSA. On 8 June 1994, the County Council voted 5–0 to start transporting trash out of the county. An Anne Arundel transfer site was choose for the USA Waste residential contract and the historic Trinity Church graveyard in Elkridge was selected as a transfer station for the BFI commercial waste contract by creating a solid waste overlay zoning for the site. Alpha ridge remained in operation as hearings were held about lack of notification for the Elkridge waste transfer facility, and concerns about importing out of county residential waste. The redirection of waste at Alpha Ridge lost the $60 per ton commercial waste revenue, but reduced the residential collection expense to $33 a ton. Alpha Ridge remains open as a recycling center and transfer station. The Trinity Church trash transfer location was converted to the Blue Stream Housing development in 2014.

Environmental
The Alpha Ridge site was situated in a section of Marriottsville Maryland that was converting from mainly agricultural use to residential development. In 1987 The State granted permission to dig the landfill within 5 feet from the water table. Yearly water quality surveys were performed only in September 1978 and January 1991. By 1992, 1,600 residents in 300-400 subdivisions drew well water from the Alpha Ridge watershed. Well tests onsite in 1992 revealed contamination from seven paint and degreaser related compounds at eight times the current EPA limits and tetrachloroethene at twenty times the limits. A May 1992 test revealed that the clay lining and bedrock were not adequate to prevent contamination into the groundwater. In January 1993, the County executive claimed he had not been given the results to act upon. In 1993, the county faced multiple contamination issues, as the older Cars Mill landfill was found to have 390 drums of hazardous chemicals dumped on the landfill years after it was closed. In May 1993, Howard County Department of Planning and Zoning director Joeseph Rutter amends the county water service area to include land around the landfill including a new Donald R Reuwer development on the historic Waverly Plantation. The director announced the effort was for safety, not increased housing density around the contaminated site, but joined Reuwer's land development company later.

The 72 acre park was built on landfill property on the opposite side of the Little Patuxent River that flows through the site. A ten-year plan for waste was produced in January 1994, with a suggestion to continue to receive ash from a regional incinerator. In 1994 the park required chemical toilets due to the potential of groundwater contamination. In June 1995 The County council debated providing public water hookups to local residents at no cost, or providing loans for the service. Public Works Director James M. Irvin said it would take at least 18 months to provide. A year later resident were informed they would have to pay $4200 each to connect to clean water and would pay the county in 10 years of installments at 6% interest.

In 1995 Reston based SCS Engineers proposed a $15 million project to install a 68-acre  thick plastic membrane over the landfill to minimize surface water from leaching. A series of 150-foot deep wells surrounding the landfill were designed to pump and "evaporate" pollutants into the air, then dump the treated water into the Little Patuxent River. Methane gas buildups would be vented to a burning facility. An additional $20 million was budgeted to perform similar remediation at Carr's Mill and New Cut landfills funded by an additional $120 trash tax implemented by Charles I. Ecker. In January 1997, Ecker announced that the plastic cap to keep rainwater out would be reduced to , excluding sloped surfaces. Three days later he flew toxicologist Laura Green in to discuss the cancer rates of the community, explaining that estrogen, sunlight, alcohol, asbestos, cigarettes and radiation are also contributors to cancer. Public water was made available for 280 homes in July 1997, with the Council excluding homes built after 1993, stating purchasers should have known the issues with contamination by then.

Post Collection
In 1994, Interstate commerce laws were enforced removing local municipalities monopolies on commercial dumping locations. Commercial operators were able to choose cheaper sites other than Alpha Ridge which charged up to $60 a ton. The County lost a dedicated source of income, leaving a liability. After dumping operations discontinued at Alpha Ridge, Howard County chose to export solid waste by an Anne Arundel County train terminal in Annapolis Junction, Maryland to the privately run King George County Landfill in Virginia. Both sites were developed by Blake Van Leer II and were the first waste on rail facilities in Maryland and Virginia.

Howard County has adapted a number of uses to capitalize on the long term liability of managing a landfill site. The County did not rename the landfill as a park for residential development marketing like the Carr's Mill landfill site, but it did lay out over a dozen unusable dirt streets across the site to camouflage its use on street maps with names like "main street", "manor lane", "3rd ave", "wind drive", "river country drive", "howard drive", "back road".

An onsite metal recycling program was initiated requiring contractors to provide daily deposits of fill-cover to the site.

1984, the county announced plans to build a $1 million horse center at Alpha Ridge as part of a larger $6.4 million park starting in 1985. By 1988, the project was listed as an unfunded 5-year project on Elizabeth Bobo's capitol project list. Regardless, citizens testified several hours in council hearings to support the project.
1994 a 72-acre park was constructed along the Northern edge. By 2004, the county deer project manager Phil Norman estimated that the park was populated with 123 deer, and recommended hiring a sharpshooter with a high-powered rifle clear the population from the landfill. In 1995, the county approved a 250 ft Nextel tower onsite with attorney David Carney claiming it would be necessary for 911 use.
1997, the county proposed building six soccer fields with a connecting road on the Southwest corner of the site which was not completed. In January 2002, County Executive James Robey proposed a $10 million fire training center on the same location. Robey announced that plans were withheld until immediately before public meetings to prevent rumors about noise or disruption in the residential neighborhoods adjacent to the facility. $500,000 in state funds were requested with the executive planning on self-funding if unapproved. When opened in 2007, the facility was named the James N. Robey Public Safety Training Center.
The same year, the council voted 3–2 against building its 12th high school Marriotts Ridge High School on the Alpha ridge site.

1999, the County refinances $14.2 million in bonds borrowed to pay for the 1993 capping of the landfill. The project took until 2016 to pay down. The same year a lighted in-line skating rink is proposed on the park.
2002, the county attempted to locate its twelfth High School, Marriotts Ridge High School on the Northwest corner of the landfill, and was requested to look at Wavely Woods but a 3-2 council vote redirected the building to the Mt View Middle school site.
2008 an $150,000 onsite observatory was proposed to house the Paul Watson telescope built in the 1930s. The 12-inch telescope has been operated by the Maryland Academy of Sciences, Baltimore Astronomical Society, and the Howard Astronomical League beforehand.
2010 a $3.9 million Pepco 1059KW Gas to Energy generator was installed onsite.
2013 County Executive Ken Ulman approved a $800,000 food waste processing facility at Alpha Ridge. The facility accepts over a ton of material each day costing $38.50 to process versus $41.50 to ship offsite. The Aerated static pile composting method was developed for sludge composting, but only food waste is accepted for now.
2014, an $30,000 archery range was constructed. A program for 4-10 year olds was developed to bring younger children to the landfill park called 'Lil archers' leveraging the popularity of the movies Brave and Hunger Games.  $843,000 was acquired in 2014 from the county and matching state grants to make improvements to the landfill's parking lot and bathrooms.
2014, Developer NV homes starts marketing over 55 retirement homes on the landfill site at Waverly Woods West.

See also
Shipley House

References

External links
 Alpha Ridge Official Site

Landfills in the United States
Marriottsville, Maryland


title: Mayo Mansion (Ashland, Kentucky)

text:
Mayo Mansion, also known as Fetter Mansion, is a historic mansion located in the Bath Avenue Historic District in downtown Ashland, Kentucky.

History

Following the death of her husband, John C. C. Mayo, Alice Jane Mayo moved to Florida. In 1916, she met Dr. Samuel P. Fetter of Portsmouth, Ohio, while he was recovering from an illness at Palm Beach, Florida. They married the following year and purchased the Victorian Gartrell-Hager House in Ashland, Kentucky, which was built in 1864. Although Mayo wanted to build a new house, she could not due to rations set in place during World War I. In order to avoid being arrested for building a new home, she received permission to remodel the existing house. Using the wealth amassed from the Mayo Companies, she rebuilt the entire building, transforming it into a  Beaux-Arts mansion. Much of the interior, including the tile and marble was taken from her and her first husband's other home, also known as Mayo Mansion, in Paintsville, Kentucky.

A large pool house that was attached to the mansion was demolished in the 1950s. Mayo Mansion was occupied by the Highlands Museum and Discovery Center from 1984 until 1994, when the museum moved into the former C.H. Parsons Department Store Building in the Ashland Commercial Historic District.

References

External links
Photos of the demolished pool house
Photo Gallery of the Mansion

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Boyd County, Kentucky
Houses completed in 1917
Houses in Boyd County, Kentucky
Historic district contributing properties in Kentucky
Ashland, Kentucky
1917 establishments in Kentucky
Beaux-Arts architecture in Kentucky


title: Sruthi Hariharan

text:
Sruthi Hariharan (born 2 February 1989) is an Indian actress and producer who appears primarily in Kannada language films. She debuted in a 2012 Malayalam film, Cinema Company, and her first film in the Kannada cinema industry was Lucia.

Early life and family
Sruthi Hariharan was born into a Tamil Brahmin family in Trivandrum, Kerala, and was raised in Bangalore, Karnataka. Her mother tongue is Tamil. She attended school at Sishu Griha Montessori and High School. After high school she attended Christ University and graduated with a Bachelor of Business Management (BBM) degree. She is trained in Bharatanatyam and contemporary dance. Apart from her mother tongue she is fluent in Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi and can understand Telugu.

She became interested in cultural activities when she attended Christ College and became a part of their cultural team. This interest led her into acting in theatre productions. She joined choreographer Imraan Sardariya's dance troupe, and worked in the Kannada film industry as an assistant choreographer and background dancer. She was a background dancer for three years and featured in a number of songs.

Acting career

Sruthi's film career began with Malayalam film, Cinema Company. She acted in two films: Thekku Thekkoru Desathu and Call Me @. In Francis's Call Me @, she played the role of an IT girl, while in Nandu's, Thekku Thekkoru Desathu she played a journalist. She landed the lead role in the Kannada film Lucia by Pawan Kumar. She played two characters in the film—one of a lower middle-class girl and the other of a film actress— and dubbed herself for the first time. Lucia was critically acclaimed and was later remade in several Indian languages. Sruthi's performance was well-received and she was featured on Rediff's Most Impressive Kannada Movie Debuts, 2013 list. Later that year she appeared in another Kannada film Dyavre. The film received rave reviews from critics. She was offered a role in director Harsha's Bhajarangi, featuring Shivraj Kumar in the lead, but she could not commit herself to the film.

In 2014, she was seen as the love interest of Srinagara Kitty's character in Jacob Varghese's road movie Savaari 2. Her next role was in her first Tamil film Nerungi Vaa Muthamidathe directed by Lakshmy Ramakrishnan. Next she acted in A. P. Arjun's Rhaate, which she signed to appear in even before the release of Lucia. Her character in the film was that of a traditional village girl.

In her next feature, she was simultaneously shooting the Kannada film Sipaayi directed by Rajath Mayee, and the Tamil independent art film Nila. She has also signed to appear in another Kannada film, Godhi Banna Sadharna Mykattu by Hemanth Rao, and Balaji Sakthivel's next directorial Ra Ra Rajasekhar.

Godhi Banna Sadharna Mykattu went on to do very well both critically and at the box office. Her portrayal of Dr. Sahana was well received. She appeared next in Maadha Mathu Manasi, produced by Mano Murthy. She achieved further success in the Kannada film industry through her performance in director B.S. Pradeep Varma's Urvi, followed by Beautiful Manasugalu. She struck a balance between commercial and performance-oriented roles by featuring in films of diverse genres.

She next appeared in the Kannada multi-starrer Happy New Year, in which she played the role of a bedridden patient, ailing from psoriasis. After featuring in the bilingual film Vismaya(Kannada) which was titled Nibunan in Tamil, she followed it up with the box office success Tarak, opposite Kannada actor Darshan. The Telugu version of Vismaya, titled Kurukshetra is yet to be released.
Continuing her foray into the Tamil and Malayalam film industries, she was part of Bejoy Nambiar's film Solo, opposite actor Dulquer Salmaan. Later she acted in a Kannada film Upendra Mathe Baa with veterans Upendra and Prema. As part of the new wave in Kannada films, she acted in Humble Politician Nograj with Danish Sait and Sumukhi Suresh in which she played a supporting role, and was unanimously praised for playing such a character when her career was at a peak. She later acted in National award-winning director Mansore's  Nathicharami opposite Sanchari Vijay for which she gained great critical acclaim. The film publication Karthik Kermanu wrote "There isn’t a better actor than Sruthi to bring grace and seriousness to a character that throws light on the sexual needs of single women in urban middle-class societies. Whenever her face swims in the drudgery of everydayness, you feel her!” Keyur Seta of Cinestaan said "Hers is a simple subtle and a FLAWLESS Performance!" She starred in the film Aadyaa in 2020 along with Chiranjeevi Sarja.

Controversy

In October 2018, Hariharan accused Arjun Sarja of sexual misconduct on the set of the 2016 film Vismaya and filed a sexual harassment case with the police against him.

Arjun Sarja filed a defamation case of Rs 5 crore against her for accusing him of sexual misconduct. In response to her allegations, Arjun responded, "I am saddened by the allegations and I don't know how I can correct this. I will definitely file a case. I will speak about improving the shots and dialogues but I don't have the cheap mentality of using this profession to touch women inappropriately."

A few months after the MeToo fallout, Hariharan told The News Minute that while she used to get plenty of offers before, she hardly gets any now.

Personal life
In 2017, Shruthi married Raam Kumar, who is a martial artist and trainer and they have a daughter.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Indian film actresses
Actresses from Thiruvananthapuram
Tamil actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses from Bangalore
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners
Christ University alumni


title: Burna Boy

text:
Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu  (born 2 July 1991), known professionally as Burna Boy, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. He rose to stardom in 2012 after releasing "Like to Party", the lead single from his debut studio album L.I.F.E (2013). In 2017, Burna Boy signed with Bad Habit/Atlantic Records in the United States and Warner Music Group internationally. His third studio album Outside (2018) marked his major-label debut.

In 2019, he won Best International Act at the 2019 BET Awards, and was announced as Apple Music Up Next artist that year. His fourth studio album, titled African Giant, was released in July 2019. It won Album of the Year at the 2019 All Africa Music Awards and was nominated for Best World Music Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. He was awarded African Artist of the Year at the 2020 Ghana Music Awards.
Burna Boy released his fifth studio album, Twice as Tall, in August 2020. It won Best World Music Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. He won Best International Act at the 2021 BET Awards.

Burna Boy's sixth studio album, Love, Damini, was released in July 2022 and became the highest debut of an African album on the Billboard 200 chart. It also became the highest charted African album in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and France. In October, Burna Boy was awarded the Member of the Order of the Federal Republic plaque for his achievements in music. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked him number 197 on its list of the 200 greatest singers of all time. Burna Boy won Bet International Act at the 2023 BET Awards, making it his fourth win in the category. He won The Headies Afrobeats Single of the Year category and also the Song of the Year for "Last Last".

Life and music career

Early life and education
Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu was born on July 2, 1991, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. His mother, Bose Ogulu worked as a language translator, and his father, Samuel, managed a welding company. His maternal grandfather, Benson Idonije once managed Fela Kuti. His mother later became his manager. Ogulu grew up in Southern Nigeria and began making his own beats using FL Studio. He attended Corona Secondary School in Agbara, Ogun State, and relocated to London, England, to further his studies. He studied media technology at the University of Sussex from 2008 to 2009, and also studied media communications and culture at Oxford Brookes University from 2009 to 2010. Burna Boy returned to Port Harcourt and took up a year-long internship at Rhythm 93.7 FM. He launched his music career after returning to Lagos.

2012–2015: L.I.F.E and On a Spaceship

Burna Boy's debut studio album, L.I.F.E, was released on 12 August 2013, serving as the follow-up to his second mixtape Burn Identity (2011). The album sold 40,000 copies on the first day of its release. Aristokrat Records later sold its marketing rights to Uba Pacific for ₦10 million. The album's release was preceded by five singles: "Like to Party", "Tonight", "Always Love You", "Run My Race", and "Yawa Dey". L.I.F.E was produced entirely by Leriq and features guest appearances from 2face Idibia, M.I Abaga, Timaya, Olamide, Reminisce, and Wizkid, among others. Nigeria Entertainment Today ranked the album 10th on its list of the 12th Best Albums of 2013. The album's music was inspired by Fela Kuti, King Sunny Ade, and Bob Marley. It received generally positive reviews from music critics, who applauded its production. It was nominated for Best Album of the Year at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. In August 2013, L.I.F.E peaked at number seven on the Billboard Reggae Albums chart.

In 2014, Burna Boy split from Aristokrat Records. In February 2015, he founded the record label Spaceship Entertainment eight months after leaving Aristocrat Records. Burna Boy's second studio album, titled On a Spaceship, was released on November 25, 2015. His 7-track debut extended play, Redemption, was released in September 2016. Its lead single, "Pree Me" debuted on Noisey.

2018–2019: Outside and African Giant
On January 19, 2018, Burna Boy was featured on American rock band Fall Out Boy's song "Sunshine Riptide", a track from their seventh studio album Mania. He released his third studio album, Outside, exactly a week later, on 26 January 2018. Described by the singer as a mixtape, Outside consists mostly of afrobeats, dancehall, reggae, and road rap. It features guest appearances from English musicians J Hus, Lily Allen, and Mabel. Outside was supported by six singles: "Rock Your Body", "Streets of Africa", "Koni Baje", "Sekkle Down", "Heaven's Gate" and "Ye". Its production was handled by Leriq, Baba Stiltz, Jae 5, Juls, Chopstix, Steel Banglez, Fred Gibson, Phantom, and FTSE. The album received positive critical acclaim and was ranked by Pulse Nigeria and Nigerian Entertainment Today as the best Nigerian album of 2018. It won Album of the Year at the 2018 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. In February 2018, Outside debuted at number three on the Billboard Reggae Albums chart. A single from the album, "Ye", ended up atop most Nigerian publications year-end list as the biggest song of 2018.

On October 7, 2018, Burna Boy performed before a sold-out crowd at London's O2 Academy Brixton. A day prior to the show, he held a pop-up event at Red by Little Farm and sold limited boxes of his Space Puffs cereal, as well as custom notepads, lighters, and graphic tee-shirts. On October 9, 2018, he was announced as one of Spotify's new Afro Hub takeover artists. The announcement coincided with him being named YouTube's Artist on the Rise for three months.

On January 3, 2019, Burna Boy was announced alongside Mr Eazi as one of the artists performing at the 2019 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. He won four awards at the Soundcity MVP Awards Festival, including African Artiste of the Year, Listener's Choice, and Best Male MVP. On March 21, 2019, Burna Boy released a 4-track collaborative EP with Los Angeles-based electronic duo DJDS, titled Steel & Copper. The EP blends Burna Boy's upbeat melodies with DJDS' slinky trap beats. Steel & Copper combines elements of dancehall and reggae music with Afropop and trap.

On June 24, 2019, Burna Boy won Best International Act at the 2019 BET Awards. In July 2019, he was announced as an Apple Music Up Next artist. His inclusion in the program was accompanied by a Beats 1 interview with Julie Adenuga and a short documentary. He recorded "Ja Ara E" (Yoruba: "wise up" or "use your head") for Beyoncé's The Lion King: The Gift and was the only guest artist with their own track on the soundtrack album.

Burna Boy's fourth studio album, African Giant, was released on July 26, 2019. It was supported by six singles: "Gbona", "On the Low", Killin Dem", "Dangote", "Anybody" and "Pull Up". He began recording the album in 2018 and told Billboard that it was his most personal project yet. He first revealed plans to release it in April 2019 and held a private listening session in Los Angeles. Photos and videos from the listening session were shared on social media. African Giant was initially announced as a 16-track album. To promote the album, Burna Boy headlined the African Giant Returns tour, the second leg of his African Giant tour. Burna Boy recorded "My Money, My Baby", a track that appeared on Queen & Slims soundtrack album. Described as an "Afrobeat-tinged track", "My Money, My Baby" contains a sample of Fela Kuti's 1972 song "Shakara". On November 22, 2019, Burna Boy was featured alongside English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran on British rapper Stormzy's single, "Own It", the fourth single from his second studio album, Heavy Is the Head. In November 2019, he became the first Afrobeats artist to sell out the SSE Arena and was given a special plaque to mark his achievement.

2020–present: Twice as Tall and Love, Damini
In April 2020, Burna Boy performed in the One World: Together at Home special. On June 19, 2020, he was featured on the remix of South African producer Master KG's viral song "Jerusalema". Burna Boy used his signature afrobeats style on the song and also partly sings in the isiZulu language. On July 30, 2020, Burna Boy was featured on British singer Sam Smith's single, "My Oasis", the lead single from their third studio album, Love Goes. His fifth studio album, Twice as Tall, was released on August 14, 2020. It was executive produced by Diddy and his mother, Bose Ogulu. The album became his highest-charting project, debuting at number one on the Billboard World Albums Chart. On November 24, 2020, Twice as Tall was nominated for Best Global Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. It was the second consecutive year that Burna Boy received a nomination in this category. He won an Edison Award in the World Album category for African Giant, and won Best International Act at the MOBO Awards on December 9, shaking off competition from Drake, Megan Thee Stallion, Lil Baby and Roddy Ricch. At the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards held on March 15, 2021, he won the Grammy award for Best Global Music album. Burna Boy's song "Destiny" was included in the playlist at the inauguration of Joe Biden. He won Best International Act at the 2021 BET Awards, becoming the first African artist to win the award three consecutive times.

On March 19, 2021, Burna Boy was featured on Canadian singer Justin Bieber's song "Loved by You", a track from his sixth studio album, Justice. On September 17, 2021, he was featured on American singer-songwriter Jon Bellion's single "I Feel It", which marks the first musical collaboration between the two, but the latter co-wrote "Loved by You" with Justin Bieber. On June 4, 2022, Burna Boy performed at the Belgravia Sports Stadium in Harare, Zimbabwe, where he allegedly refused money to wear a ZANU-PF scarf as an endorsement of the Mnangagwa administration.

In 2022, he was named the "Best Solo Act in the World" by NME.

Burna Boy released his sixth studio album, Love, Damini, on July 8, 2022.  Its release was preceded by the singles "Kilometre" and "Last Last".

On June 8, 2022, Burna Boy's armed security escorts allegedly shot and wounded two people at a nightclub in Lagos. According to the wife of one of the victims, the incident began after she declined Burna Boy's invitation to join him in the VIP section. Five security guards affiliated with Burna Boy were arrested and charged with attempted murder. The woman later accused the singer and his family of trying to silence her family with hush money. As of June 20, 2022, CCTV footage of the shooting had not been released by the club.

Burna Boy held his first concert in Jamaica on December 18, 2022, at the Jamaica National Stadium.

On January 1, 2023, during the Lagos leg of his Love, Damini tour, a visibly upset Burna Boy denied the nightclub shooting rumor and rumors about his mother being a former backup dancer for Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuti.

In April 2023, Burna Boy release song title song Mera Na Ft Sidhu Moose Wala, In which he give tribute to sidhu, Mera Na charted on various international charts including Billboard Global 200, Canada Hot 100, and New Zealand Hot Singles chart .

On June 1, 2023, Burna Boy released the single "Sittin' On Top Of The World", which heavily samples American singer Brandy's 1998 hit single "Top of the World".

On June 10, 2023, Burna Boy became the first artist from Africa to perform at the UEFA Champions League Final Kick Off Show by Pepsi. The singer took the stage at the Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey, in front of more than 71,412 supporters and an audience of over 700 million people.

Personal life
Burna Boy began dating British rapper Stefflon Don in 2018. They broke up in 2022.

Artistry
Burna Boy's music is mainly pop and Afrobeats. He describes his music as Afro-fusion, which blends the genres R&B, hip hop, dancehall, and reggae. August Brown of the Los Angeles Times describes Burna Boy's sound as "savvy and modern but undistracted by obvious crossover moves".

Discography

 L.I.F.E (2013)
 On a Spaceship (2015)
 Outside (2018)
 African Giant (2019)
 Twice as Tall (2020)
 Love, Damini (2022)
 I Told Them... (2023)

See also

List of awards and nominations received by Burna Boy
List of Nigerian musicians
List of people from Port Harcourt

References

External links

Living people
1991 births
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
Alumni of the University of Sussex
Atlantic Records artists
English-language singers from Nigeria
Grammy Award winners
Nigerian pop musicians


title: Thomas Bray (canon)

text:
Thomas Bray DD (21 March 1706 – 28 March 1785) was a Canon of Windsor from 1776 to 1785.

Family

He was from Stratton, Cornwall.

Career

He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford graduating BA in 1729, Fellow in 1731, MA in 1732, BD in 1743, and DD in 1758.

In 1754 he took an active part in the Oxfordshire election which resulted in Lord Macclesfield appointing him to the Rectory of Bixband.

He was appointed:
Rector of Bixband 1754
Rector of Exeter College, Oxford 1771
Dean of Raphoe 1777
Rector of Dunsfold 1776
Rector of Exeter College, Oxford 1771-1785
He was appointed to the third stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1776, a position he held until 1785.

Notes

1785 deaths
Rectors of Exeter College, Oxford
Deans of Raphoe
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
1706 births


title: Bruno Schroder

text:
Bruno Lionel Schroder (17 January 1933 – 20 February 2019) was a British banker and billionaire and a significant landowner in Scotland. He was a direct descendant of Johann Heinrich Schröder, co-founder of financial institution Schroders, and the longest serving non-executive board member of any company on the London FTSE 100. Forbes magazine estimated Schroder's family wealth at US$6.2 billion in August 2018.

Schroder owned the 17,500 acre Dunlossit Estate on the island of Islay in Scotland's Inner Hebrides.

Early life and education
He was born on 17 January 1933, and educated at Eton, University of Tours, the School of Languages Hamburg, University College, Oxford, and Harvard Business School. Schroder received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2012.

Career
Schroder joined the commercial banking and corporate finance division of J. Henry Schroder Wagg & Co. in 1960, and was appointed a director of Schroders in 1963. Schroder was a non-executive director of Schroders and a member of the company's nominations committee. In 2017 Schroder donated £50,000 to the "Remain" campaign against Brexit as well as the campaign against Scotland leaving the UK.

In August 2018, Schroder's net worth was estimated at $6.2 billion.

Personal life
Schroder's first marriage was in 1969, to Piffa. The couple have a daughter, Leonie Schroder. Schroder and his second wife, Danish-born Baroness Suzanne von Maltzahn, divide the estate on Islay with Piffa who has her own part of the estate and is in residence when Schroder is in London. In August 2018, Schroders were considering offering his daughter Leonie Schroder his seat on the main board, which he had held since 1963, when he stepped down.

Schroder and his daughter were both on the board of the Dunlossit and Islay Community Trust.

Schroder flew his private plane and was a keen breeder of Middle White pigs on the Dunlossit Estate. Schroder funded the Islay lifeboat and sponsored the island's Highland games, the Argyllshire Gathering. Schroder also helped restore an old whisky distillery on Islay.

Schroder was one of a number of wealthy individuals who cashed a cheque for 97 pence sent to them by Bizarre magazine in 2001.

He died on 20 February 2019, aged 86, "after a short illness".

References

Further reading

1933 births
2019 deaths
British bankers
British billionaires
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Place of birth missing
People educated at Eton College
Harvard Business School alumni
University of Tours alumni
Scottish landowners
Schroders people
Conservative Party (UK) donors
20th-century Scottish businesspeople


title: Two Seconds to Midnight

text:
Two Seconds to Midnight is the first album released by the Alan Baylock Jazz Orchestra, a Washington, D.C.-based big band. Released in 2003 through Sea Breeze Jazz Records, the album is composed of arrangements by Baylock on a number of jazz standards as well as some of his original compositions. The album featured guest appearances by pianist Kenny Werner. It was recorded at Bias Recording Studios in Springfield, VA.

Track listing
All arrangements are by Alan Baylock unless otherwise noted.

Personnel

The Alan Baylock Jazz Orchestra is composed of musicians from the D.C. area, particularly from the Airmen of Note, Army Blues, and Navy Commodores jazz ensembles. This album also featured renowned jazz pianist Kenny Werner as a guest artist on tracks "Cottontail" and "Sea Changes".

Bandleader/Arranger

 Alan Baylock

Saxophones

 Andy Axelrad - alto sax/flute
 Antonio Orta - alto sax/flute
 Joseph Henson - alto sax
 Tyler Kuebler - tenor sax/clarinet
 Luis Hernandez - tenor sax
 Jeff Antoniuk - tenor sax/soprano sax/clarinet
 Chad Makela - baritone sax/bass clarinet
 Doug Morgan - baritone sax

Trumpets

 Brian MacDonald
 Mike Davis
 Mike Kamuf
 Rich Sigler
 Tim Leahey

Trombones

 Ben Patterson
 Jeff Martin
 Joe Jackson
 Jeff Cortazzo - bass trombone

Rhythm

 Shawn Purcell - guitar
 Bob Larson - piano
 John Pineda - bass
 Paul Henry - bass
 Steve Fidyk - drums

Production

 Bob Dawson - engineer/recording/mixing/producer
 Charlie Pilzer - mastering
 Joseph Magee - recording/mixing/producer
 Alan Baylock - producer

References

External links
 Review
 CDBaby

2003 albums
Jazz albums by American artists
Big band albums


title: César Abaya

text:
César Abaya (born 12 October 1984) is a Chadian professional football player who plays for a club AS SONIDEP and the Chad national team.

Career
Abaya plays the right-back position. He can, however, play left-back and centre-back positions.
Before joining AS SONIDEP in 2018, he played for Renaissance, Gazelle, Foullah and Mangasport.

International career
Abaya has 14 FIFA official matches, and 9 unofficial matches for Chad.

See also
 List of Chad international footballers

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Chadian men's footballers
Chad men's international footballers
Renaissance FC players
Gazelle FC players
Foullah Edifice FC players
AS Mangasport players
AS SONIDEP players
Men's association football defenders
Chadian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Gabon
Chadian expatriate sportspeople in Gabon
Expatriate men's footballers in Niger
Footballers from N'Djamena


title: Bernd Schwarzer

text:
Bernd Schwarzer (24 July 1954) is a German artist born in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany. Schwarzer's work deals with the subject of Europe, the reunification of East and West Germany, and human rights.

Life and work

Bernd Schwarzer's family moved from Weimar to Düsseldorf in 1959, where his father became a renowned doctor. Schwarzer showed a strong passion for art and design from an early age, which was encouraged by his father. Old photographs of Schwarzer show him painting at the family's kitchen table in Düsseldorf. As a teenager, Schwarzer studied artists such as Vincent van Gogh, and imitated some paintings such as "Homages."

Between 1976 and 1983, he studied fine arts with Werner Schriefers at the Technical University of Cologne. In 1978, he undertook a two-year fine arts study with Gerhard Hoehme at the Kunstakademie, Düsseldorf, where he studied under Joseph Beuys. Since 1984, Schwarzer has worked as an artist in Düsseldorf, Köln, and Weimar. Schwarzer has also been a master student under Werner Schriefers at the Kölner Fachhochschule, specializing in art and design. Since 2000, Schwarzer has been a guest professor at the Belarusian State Academy of Arts in Minsk, Republic of Belarus.

Art work in museum

Schwarzer's artwork is represented in museums including:

 Landesmuseum, Bonn, Germany
 Kunsthalle Bremen, Germany
 Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, USA
 Internationales Kulturzentrum "Krypta bei den Piaristen", Krakau, Austria
 Museum, Nordhausen, Germany
 Ludwig-Museum in Russischen Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
 Koreanisches Nationalmuseum, Seoul, South Korea
 Georgisches Nationalmuseum, Tbilisi, Georgia
 Museum Búca-Likovic, Tivat, Montegnero.
 Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Vienna, Austria
 Albertina, Vienna, Austria
 Krakau, Poland
 Theseustempel, Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, Austria
 Auswärtiges Amt, Berlin, Germany
 Museum am Dom (Würzburg), Würzburg, Germany
 BOZAR, Brussels, Belgium.

Exhibitions

Bernd Schwarzer's artwork is being exhibited nationally as well as internationally. He curated nine solo exhibitions and was part of twelve group exhibitions.
 2016 Europa und die Einheit des Seins: Kunst als Wegweiser zum Frieden, WBB GALLERY – Contemporary Pure Art, Zurich, Switzerland
 2011 Stationen einer künstlerischen Reise, Kunsthandlung Osper, Cologne, Germany
 2010 Art from Europe: Bernd Schwarzer in Beijing, Today Art Museum, Beijing, China
 2009 20 Years of Liberty - Germany Pictures, Al Galerie Budapest, Hungary
 2008 Kontrapunkt, Kunsthandlung Osper, Cologne, Germany
 2006 Al Galerie, Budapest, Hungary
 2004 Europa, Kunsthandlung Osper, Cologne, German
 2003 Europa – the State Russian Museum, Marble Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia

His group exhibitions include:
 2011 New States of Contemporary Art, Galerie Michael Nolte, Münster, Germany
 2010 Gallery Artists, Galerie Michael Nolte, Münster, Germany
 2009 40 Jahre Galerie Koch-Westenhoff, Galerie Koch-Westenhoff, Lübeck, Germany
 2008 Sammelstücke Collector Works, Galerie & Edition Bode GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany
 2006 Objekte und Skulptur, Kunstverein Kreis Gütersloh e.V., Gütersloh, Germany
 2005 50 Jahre Galerie Koch, Galerie Koch, Hannover, Germany
 2003 Objekte und Skulptur 2003 Galerie Kunsthaus Oberkassel/ Artobes, Düsseldorf, Germany
 2001 Ausgewählte Grafik, Galerie Koch, Hannover, Germany
 2000 Zinnober, Galerie Koch, Hannover, Germany
 1999 Weimar aus dem Rahmen, Lucas Cranach Galerie, Galerie der Genossenschaft Bildender Künstler Weimar, Weimar, Germany

Literature
 Bernd Schwarzer: Deutsch Europäische Werke, Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Brussels 2009
 Bernd Schwarzer: Europawerk, Auswärtiges Amt, Berlin, 2008
 Bernd Schwarzer: Bilder, Grafiken, Installationen, Objekte, Photographien, Skulpturen und Zeichnungen, Expo 2000 Hannover, Munich 2000
 Bernd Schwarzer: Zeichnungen. Ausstellung des Kunstmuseums Bonn im Stadtmuseum Bonn, 17. November 2006 bis 28. Januar 2007, Geologen 2006
 Budde, Rainer u.a. (Hrsg.): Auf der Suche – Arbeiten von Bernd Schwarzer im Museum am Dom Würzburg, 21. September bis 25. November 2007, Würzburg 2007
 Kiblitzky, Joseph (Hrsg.): Bernd Schwarzer Europa. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Museum Ludwig im Staatlichen Russischen Museum Petersburg, St Petersburg 2003
 Krueger, Peter (Hrsg.): Art Bridge New York – Cologne – New York. 50 Years of Transatlantic Dialogue, Tübingen, Berlin 2001

External links

German artists