title: Oxford (CDP), Maine

text:
Oxford is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Oxford in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,300 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Oxford is located at  (44.127093, −70.495197).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.9 square miles (23.2 km), of which 8.3 square miles (21.4 km)  is land and 0.7 square mile (1.7 km)  (7.49%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,300 people, 468 households, and 360 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 620 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.46% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.15% of the population.

There were 468 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.9% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,000, and the median income for a family was $40,592. Males had a median income of $30,203 versus $20,409 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,567. About 2.1% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Oxford County, Maine


title: Telephony in Greater Manchester

text:
The Cities of Manchester and Salford and some surrounding urban areas such as Stockport, Oldham and Bolton, (now forming parts of Greater Manchester), were the location of several advances in the development of telephony in the United Kingdom. A Manchester company installed the country's first regular telephone system in the city, wiring solutions which were adopted across Britain were initiated in Manchester and Stockport, the city was (arguably) the site of the UK's first telephone exchange and a service which was the forerunner of modern mobile phones was controlled from the city.

UK’s first regular telephone service
In November 1877, while telephony was in its infancy, just 18 months after Alexander Graham Bell had made the world's first phone call, Charles Moseley, the son of a Manchester rubber manufacturer (then making telegraph equipment), took an interest in Bell's work. Moseley employed an engineer called William Fereday Bottomley to obtain telephone instruments from the Bell Company in Boston, United States, and provided the Post Office with its first telephones.

Bell himself had first demonstrated the telephone to Queen Victoria who placed the UK's first long-distance call from Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 14 January 1878. Just twelve days later, after obtaining a licence from the Post Office, Moseley installed a telephone between a hardware merchant's establishment (Thomas Hudson Ltd) on Shudehill, Manchester to the offices of the company on Dantzic Street: the first such telephone in regular use in the country

Telephone manufacturers
Moseley and Sons as a licensed telephone agent supplied private telephones to local customers. Their head of construction, Alexander Marr, patented in 1879, a type of granular carbon microphone (originally for the transmission of the sound of opera), which enabled them to get a foothold in the business of manufacturing telephones in the UK. Together with another local company (Peel Connor) they both supplied the first telephone apparatus to the Post Office and also to railway companies and other private enterprises.

Engineering pioneers
An experimental system for separating wires on telephone poles was erected from Manchester to Stockport and another to Oldham. This “twist” system (though never patented) was universally adopted in the UK for pole-mounted wiring.

First telephone exchange
There are claims that Manchester was also home to the UK's first telephone exchange after a reported July 1879 commencement of operations by 'Lancashire Telephonic Exchange Limited' (LTE) on Faulkner Street using equipment licensed under Bell's patent. LTE joint manager James Lorrain claimed that their exchange opened in July 1879 – effectively making Britain's first.(this claim is disputed). It is certainly known that the Telephone Company opened two exchanges in London in August 1879 (the first was an Edison exchange in Queen Victoria Street, the second, a Bell company one, was situated in Coleman Street, both in the City of London), and there was also a very early exchange in Glasgow. David Moseley & Sons planned to open their own telephone exchange in their warehouse on Manchester's New Brown Street but before this happened in October of that year, the 'Lancashire and Cheshire Telephonic Exchange' company bought Moseley's licence to stall his opening. Other reports (for example from the Manchester Guardian) suggest the first Manchester exchange opened in mid-September 1879.

A second telephone exchange opened in Manchester during 1880 run by the 'Edison Telephone Company of London Ltd'. The Museum of Science and Industry holds the earliest surviving list of telephone subscribers in Manchester (for the Edison Manchester and District Telephonic Exchange), which consists of a printed list of 125 subscribers, with one handwritten deletion and 13 handwritten additions.

Consolidation of local telephone companies and trunk lines
By 1881 the Lancashire exchanges had 420 subscribers. By March of that year the Edison and Bell companies were merged forming the United Telephone Company (13 May 1880). To consolidate the two companies operations in Manchester, The Lancashire & Cheshire Telephonic Exchange Company (LCTEC) was set up in the original Faulkner Street offices and exchange building. By 1888 the LCTE had opened a new switchboard in the city's main trading area, the Royal Exchange (location of 5 soundproof telephone boxes – which in March 1881 were used to place 430 calls in one day). The equipment which had the potential capacity for over 4000 subscribers, was manufactured by Western Electric and installed under the direction of Joseph Poole. The first permanent trunk line between two distant cities was not installed between Manchester and Liverpool until 1910., but lesser connections were possible from south east Lancashire via connecting lines to Birmingham, Bradford, Huddersfield, Liverpool, Leeds, Nottingham and Sheffield – at a time when it is understood that (despite the experimental connections between the Isle of Wight and another to Norwich, both in 1878) the sole permanent long-distance telephone trunk line connection from the capital was to Brighton.

During the late 1880s the National Telephone Company was engaged in a series of amalgamations and however it was not until 1889 that national consolidation was achieved when the LCTE, which by then had 1551 lines, and United Telephone and the National Telephone Co were brought together. The resulting merger was called the National Telephone Company of Britain (NTC) and this company continued in existence until 1911 when it was compulsorily purchased by the Postmaster General. One Manchester telephony company held out against take over for several years: the Mutual Telephone Company (MTC) had opened a rival exchange to the LCTE in Manchester in February 1891. They offered cheaper call rates but their equipment was said to be inferior to their competitors. After only a year of operation it was bought out by the New telephone Company which itself was absorbed by the NTC in 1896.

Telephone exchange staff
During their early years of operation, it was young boys who the exchanges first employed, but as they caused problems, women were increasingly taken on as the main body of staff. Becoming a Telephone Operator was seen as a respectable employment for middle-class women. The Museum of Science & Industry cites the case of Annie Wright who started work as an operator in 1892 for the MTC. When it was taken over by the NTC she was promoted to supervisor. By 1907 she became Clerk in Charge of the Manchester Central Exchange which was the largest outside London.

Exchange names
As the number of subscribers and exchanges proliferated in Manchester and surrounding areas new names were needed for exchanges. In the central area those used included ARDwick, BLAckfriars, CENtral, CHEetham Hill, COLlyhurst, DEAnsgate, MOSs Side and RUSholme. As in London there were also permutations that were required that were not based on genuine geographic names but corresponded to letters on the rotary dial for example PYRamid (covering Northenden – NOR could not be used as the numbers 6, 0 and 7 were already used by MOSs Side), MAIn (covering Oldham – as areas starting with “O” could not be used), and MERcury (covering Heald Green as HEA was already in use (HEAton Moor)). MERcury was chosen as a name because HG is the chemical symbol for mercury. Cheadle was covered by GATley as CHE was already in use for CHEetham Hill).

Automatic exchanges & the Director system

The first UK public automatic exchange was brought into service at Epsom, Surrey, in May 1912 using the American Strowger 'step-by-step' system. It allowed subscribers to dial the local number themselves (instead of asking the operator to connect them manually). A permanent "junction telephone service" was inaugurated between Liverpool and Manchester during 1914. In 1922 the practice of using the first three letters of an exchange name was introduced in London, Manchester and Birmingham in preparation for automatic dialling. By 1924 there were over a quarter of million lines connected to more than 40 automatic exchanges. The main problem in large cities was directing a call over a complex series of interlinking circuits. The first fully automatic system in a large urban area was under an advanced form of the Strowger concept (which enabled one exchange to be connected automatically to another). Called the Director telephone system, this was first tried on a large scale in London's Holborn Tandem exchange in 1927. The concept was envisaged to be effective for many major built-up areas and the first three exchanges outside London to be 'cut-over' to the automatic Director system were: Ardwick, Collyhurst and Moss Side in Manchester during 1930. The exchanges covering the city centre and some suburbs with 7 and a half miles were progressively converted to the same system during the next few years. The automation process meant that a large number of mainly female telephone operators in the Manchester exchanges became redundant – a crisis that was mentioned in Parliament in 1933. But it had revolutionised call-making across the city. For example, subscribers in Collyhurst and Moss Side were then able to dial the letters A (=2), R (=7) and D (=3) followed by the four digit Ardwick subscribers number to connect them directly without talking with an operator. (3 exchanges in Birmingham were next, in 1931, one in Glasgow in 1937, one in Liverpool in 1941, Edinburgh's automatic system did not start until 1950). By the time the system was superseded in 1966, there were around 50 three-letter exchange name codes in the Manchester Automatic System (list inside a telephone drawer, pictured), more than in any other director area outside the capital.

Subscriber Trunk Dialling
Automatically dialled calls from Manchester to other cities were possible from 1954 onwards (for example it was possible to dial automatically without involvement of a manual operator to most exchanges in London, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Bristol). But the switching on of the STD equipment in December 1958 meant that it was possible for almost 430 exchanges across Britain to be dialled automatically.

Car radio-phone

A system which is cited as being the forerunner of the modern mobile phone, was first launched from the Peterloo telephone exchange in Manchester in 1959. Initially called the 'Post Office South Lancashire Radiophone Service', it was inaugurated on 28 October and along with South Lancs also covered North Cheshire and parts of The Wirral. The signals were operated through two antennas (one on Liverpool's Lancaster House, and the other at Horwich on Winter Hill, with an in-fill for the City Centre on Manchester's Dial House.). A map coverage map was published in the 1960 Post Office Engineers Journal (pictured) along with detailed technical specifications of the system.

It was possible for customers to make or receive phone calls to and from any UK telephone subscriber (via an operator) from an apparatus installed inside their car. If the motorist drove outside of the South Lancashire coverage area the signal would drop out as there were no other transmitters equipped to take the calls until the service was switched on for Londoners in 1965 and to other major urban centres by summer 1972.

All-Figure Dialling

By the early 1960s, following the introduction of Subscriber Trunk Dialling,  the number of possible exchange name permutations were running out in London and the potential expansion of international direct dialling (where different letters were assigned to alternate numbers than those on UK phones) called for the creation of an alternative, modern system of numbering. Called All Figure Numbering, the first three letters of the exchange name (e.g. CENtral) were to be permanently replaced by digits (in this example: 236). The first six places to introduce the system were the Director cities including Manchester – the process began in 1966. London was allocated the simplest primary code of ‘01’. Manchester was then given a new dialling code of ‘061’, the number 6 corresponded with the letter ‘M’ on the dial (The 2 of Birmingham's 021 corresponded with B, Edinburgh's 031 with E, Glasgow's 041 the G and Liverpool's L with the 5 giving 051).

The start of the changeover was also used to group batches of numbers into "sectors" so that subscribers could more easily identify in which part of the conurbation the number was based. In Greater Manchester for example, all of the numbers starting with the digit 3 were located in the eastern side of the urban area. On the more westerly side of the central area, were numbers commencing with 8, etc. (see map pictured). However some previous exchange names didn't fit the pattern so it was not possible for all of the old exchange name mapping to be kept. Therefore, during the period 1966–1970, some subscribers were allocated new 3 digit exchange numbers (for example ALTrincham was previously reached by the numbers 258, but it was re-allocated the new numbers: 061 928 xxxx so that all the numbers starting with 9 were in the south western sector. BLAckfriars – previously 252 – became 834 so that it fitted the inner western sector. Longford (which covered parts of Chorlton), previously 506, was transferred to 865. Since it was the only former exchange name which started with the 5 digit, numbers beginning 061 5xx xxxx were never allocated (until 2015, when a small number of new levels - 0161 5xx xxxx - were released into circulation, primarily for business customers). Most of the switch to All Figure Numbering was achieved in the mid to late 1960s, however the switchover took until 1970 for all 061 exchanges to be converted.

Since the 1990s and the introduction of private operators (e.g. Mercury Communications, Nynex, Virgin Media etc.), plus the natural exhaustion of certain number ranges, the "sector" concept has broken down, and it is now possible to find numbers commencing with digits that do not fit their original 1960's geographical districts.

Transatlantic dialling
Having completed the switchover to numbers rather than letters, the six British cities on the Director system were first given access to transatlantic dialling in 1971 which enabled callers from Manchester to ring directly to any US mainline number by prefixing the call with '0101'. International Direct Dialling (IDD) was not made available nationwide until 1982.

Confravision
Despite the fact that the concept did not really take off at the time, 'Confravision', the world's first public bothway television system, allowed conference facilities to groups of people in different cities. It was made available by the Post Office at its studios in Manchester and four other locations from 1972.

Telephone directory redesign

When lists of subscribers were first produced in the 1880s there were so few that entire regions of the UK could easily be accommodated in little more than pamphlets. By the 1920s most telephone directories covered just counties or parts thereof. In 1922 MPs raised the possibility of adding Bolton and Bury to the Manchester Telephone directory (Oldham and Rochdale were already included).

The number of subscribers increased exponentially after the Second World War (reaching 5.7 million by March 1952 for example). London's telephone directories were split (initially into 2 books in 1931: A-K and L-Z) and eventually into four (A-D, E-K, L-R and S-Z) in the 1940s. From the 1970 issue onwards, Manchester was the only other UK urban area which, owing to the large number of subscribers, also required a split into two separate directories (A-K and L-Z, pictured, 1975 editions). Due to the huge print run and cost of production, the split was discontinued in 1977 with the first appearance of the 'Manchester Central' edition. Over the next 18 months Greater Manchester was divided up geographically – into 'Manchester North East', 'Manchester North West' and 'Manchester South'), so that split alphabetical directories were no longer required and each was more relevant to its local area. Design consultants Wolff Olins were appointed in 1983 to re-design the UK's phone directories using type which took up less space and therefore less paper, ink, weight in transportation etc. The first revised look directory (called "The Phone Book") was produced for 'Central Manchester' in March 1984.

Current situation
There are now over 660 levels assigned under the 0161 code (second only in the UK to the number assigned under the 020 code for London), although this includes numbers set aside as "Free for National Dialling Only" (for example: 0161 002 xxxx). With more than 200 telecoms operators (the most prolific still being BT,) the 0161 code area also has the UK's second largest number of operators outside the capital.

See also
 Timeline of the telephone

References

External links

Telecommunications in the United Kingdom
History of Manchester
Greater Manchester


title: Civic Party of Moldova

text:
The Civic Party of Moldova (, PCM) was a political party in Moldova led by Vladimir Solonari.

History
The party joined the For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova alliance to contest the 1998 elections. The alliance received 18% of the vote, winning 24 of the 101 seats and becoming the third-largest faction in Parliament. It formed the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms coalition together with Democratic Convention of Moldova and the Party of Democratic Forces, which was able to form a government led by Ion Ciubuc.

The alliance was dissolved prior to the 2001 elections.

References

Defunct political parties in Moldova


title: Oxford, Maine

text:
Oxford is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,229 at the 2020 census. Oxford is home to the Oxford Plains Speedway, Kamp Kohut, the annual Oxford County Fair, and Oxford Casino. The town includes the village of Welchville.

History

The land was part of Plantation (also called Bog Brook Plantation), granted on March 8, 1777 by the Massachusetts General Court to Alexander Shepard Jr. of Newton, Massachusetts. On March 6, 1792, the plantation was incorporated as Hebron, with Oxford its southwesterly portion. First settled in 1794, Oxford was set off and incorporated on February 27, 1829. It annexed land from Otisfield in 1830, and from Paris in 1838. The town was named after Oxford, in England.

Farmers grew mostly hay, and the town became noted for cattle. Mills were established at 2 water power sites; these developed in the 19th-century into principal villages within the town, especially after the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway in the 1850s. Welchville was located on the Little Androscoggin River, where the woolen textile mill of the Harper Manufacturing Company was established. At the outlet of Thompson Lake was Oxford village, first called Craigie's Mill for the sawmill and gristmill built by Andrew Craigie, a Boston apothecary and land speculator. This was also the site of a grisly murder that, to this day, goes unsolved. Here were erected a barrel stave mill, a shovel handle factory, and the woolen textile mills of the Robinson Manufacturing Company. The railroad brought seasonal tourists to Thompson Lake, where inns and hotels opened. Today, Oxford is a recreational area with fine architecture remaining from its prosperous mill town past. The Congregational Church, built in 1842–1843, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The town was hit by an F1 tornado on Saturday, June 5, 2010, causing some serious damage.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and  is water. Oxford is drained by the Little Androscoggin River. Thompson Lake, the community's largest, is approximately  long.

The town is served by state routes 26 and 121. It borders the towns of Paris to the north, Hebron to the northeast, Norway to the northwest, Poland to the southeast, and Otisfield to the southwest.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,110 people, 1,657 households, and 1,107 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 2,170 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 1,657 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the town was 42.4 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.4% were from 25 to 44; 32.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.1% male and 49.9% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,960 people, 1,487 households, and 1,094 families living in the town.  The population density was .  There were 1,926 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 97.88% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.

There were 1,487 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.6 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,670, and the median income for a family was $38,438. Males had a median income of $27,957 versus $20,392 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,480.  About 2.8% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or
over.

Government

The town of Oxford is governed by an elected, five-person Board of Selectmen and an appointed town manager.  The town's police department consists of one Chief of Police, one captain, two sergeants, four full-time patrol officers and several reserve (part-time) patrol officers. The town has an on-call fire rescue department made up of several dedicated members. It is run by a fire chief, two deputy chiefs, and several officers. The fire department also employs fire police for traffic control at various calls and events.

People

See also

 Grand Trunk Station (Oxford, ME)

References

Further reading

 Historical information about Oxford, Maine

External links
 Town of Oxford, Maine
 Freeland Holmes Library
 Oxford County Fair
 Oxford Plains Speedway
 Maine.gov – Oxford
 Maine Genealogy: Oxford, Oxford County, Maine

Towns in Oxford County, Maine
Towns in Maine


The Stopping Tax Offenders and Prosecuting Identity Theft Act of 2013 or the STOP Identity Theft Act of 2013 () is a bill that would increase the penalties on identity thieves in the United States and change the definition of identity theft to include businesses and organizations instead of just individuals.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Background
As of 2013, Florida was the U.S. state that "leads the nation when it comes to federal tax return identity theft." In 2011, the Internal Revenue Service "found 938,664 tax returns involving identity theft and $6.5 billion in fraudulent refunds."

In 2012, the House voted in a voice vote to pass a previous version of this bill, the Stopping Tax Offenders and Prosecuting Identity Theft Act of 2012 (), but the United States Senate never voted on the bill.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Stopping Tax Offenders and Prosecuting Identity Theft Act of 2013 or the STOP Identity Theft Act of 2013 would call for the United States Attorney General to: (1) make use of all existing resources of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ), including task forces, to bring more perpetrators of tax return identity theft to justice; and (2) take into account the need to concentrate efforts in areas of the country where the crime is most frequently reported, to coordinate with state and local authorities to prosecute and prevent such crime, and to protect vulnerable groups from becoming victims or otherwise being used in the offense.

The bill would amend the federal criminal code to: (1) include organizations as victims for purposes of prohibitions against identity theft or aggravated identity theft, and (2) subject an identity theft offense committed during and in relation to tax fraud to a fine and/or up to 20 years' imprisonment.

The bill would direct the Attorney General to include in the first annual DOJ performance report made more than nine months after the date of this Act's enactment information as to progress in implementing this Act regarding: (1) information readily available to DOJ about trends in the incidence of tax return identity theft, (2) the effectiveness of statutory tools in aiding DOJ in prosecuting it, (3) recommendations on additional statutory tools that would aid in removing barriers to effective prosecution, and (4) the status of implementing DOJ's March 2010 audit report on DOJ efforts to combat identity theft.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on July 16, 2014. This is a public domain source.

H.R. 744 would direct the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) to better utilize its existing resources to combat identity theft related to the filing of tax returns. The department currently allocates its funding to investigate and prosecute a wide range of criminal activity, including identity theft. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) expects that the legislation could result in a reallocation of DOJ resources, but we estimate that implementing the bill would have no significant net cost to the federal government. Enacting H.R. 744 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

H.R. 744 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments.

Procedural history

The Stopping Tax Offenders and Prosecuting Identity Theft Act of 2013 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on February 15, 2013 by Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D, FL-23). It was referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations. The bill was scheduled to be voted on in the House under a suspension of the rules on September 8, 2014.

Debate and discussion
The National Association of Counties (NACO) supported the bill, placing it on their agenda to "urge Congress to pass legislation supporting action to reduce tax crimes and identity theft."

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
Identity theft in the United States

References

External links

About the bill:
Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 744
beta.congress.gov H.R. 744
GovTrack.us H.R. 744
OpenCongress.org H.R. 744
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 744
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 744

About identity theft:
 Identity theft – United States Federal Trade Commission
 The President’s Task Force on Identity Theft – a government task force established by US President George W. Bush to fight identity theft.
 Identity Theft: A Research Review, National Institute of Justice 2007
 Identity Theft and Fraud – United States Department of Justice

United States proposed federal criminal legislation
Proposed legislation of the 112th United States Congress
Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
Proposed legislation of the 114th United States Congress
2013
Fraud legislation


title: Love Supreme Collective

text:
Love Supreme Collective is a 2014 extended play by jazz musician Frank Catalano, released on July 29, 2014. The recording features Jimmy Chamberlin from the Smashing Pumpkins, Percy Jones from Brand X, Chris Poland from Megadeth, and Adam Benjamin from Kneebody. Upon release, it became the #1 selling jazz album on iTunes USA.

Track listing
"Acknowledgement of Truth" (7:44)
"Resolution of Purpose" (3:19)
"Pursuance and Persistence" (6:12)
"Psalm For John" (4:43)

Personnel
Frank Catalano - saxophone
Jimmy Chamberlin - drums and percussion
Percy Jones - bass guitar
Chris Poland - guitar
Adam Benjamin - keyboards

References

2014 EPs
Jazz EPs


title: EA Play

text:
EA Play (formerly EA Access and Origin Access) is a subscription-based video game service from Electronic Arts for the Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5 and Microsoft Windows platforms, offering access to selected games published by Electronic Arts along with additional incentives.

As launched, EA Play was pitched to both Microsoft for the Xbox One and Sony for the PlayStation 4, although Sony initially declined to participate as they did not believe it provided value to their customers. EA Play launched first to Xbox One on August 11, 2014, it later arrived to PlayStation 4 on July 24, 2019 and then to Steam on August 31, 2020. EA Play is also bundled with Xbox Game Pass Ultimate and PC for no additional cost.

Overview
EA Play membership can be purchased in one-month or twelve-month increments. Members have unlimited access to the full versions of a selection of games published by EA, dubbed "the Vault", for as long as their membership is active. If membership is suspended, the games can no longer be played, but all progress and game saves are retained. Members may also purchase games available from EA Play outright, along with other EA games and DLC, at a discounted price. EA Play does not require users to have a paid Xbox Live membership, although a Gold-level membership is required for use of any multiplayer features that are included in Access-enabled games.

Games are added to The Play List (previously known as The Vault) at EA's discretion, such as making a title available on Access a set number of days after its retail launch. Although the Terms of Service allow EA to remove titles with 30 days' notice, EA initially pledged that games will not be removed at a later date. However, EA announced on July 20, 2017, that FIFA 14 would be removed on October 18, 2017, due to the decision to end online support for the title. The game will remain playable in offline mode for users who installed it prior to its removal date, but if the game is removed from the console after that date, it cannot be reinstalled. EA described the removal of FIFA 14 as a "unique circumstance specific to the title" that was not representative of their future plans for EA Play. On April 26, 2018, it was initially announced that Rory McIlroy PGA Tour would also be removed on May 22, 2018, due to the game being delisted from the Xbox Store on that date, although, as of May 2021, the game remains available and playable on the service. In 2020–2021 many third-party games were removed, and in April 2021 EA began removing older EA Sports games from the service.

Subscribers can play selected titles for a limited time of eight hours, this does not apply to the "Pro" subscription tier. EA described these early-release versions as not being more traditional demos, but instead full-featured but time-limited versions, with the exact extent of content varying from game to game. Any progress earned within these limited versions will carry over to the full retail version.

Games published on the EA Partners and/or EA Originals labels were initially not eligible for EA Play benefits. However, Titanfall was added to the Vault in June 2015, as part of an E3 2015 promotion that also enabled a free trial for all Xbox One owners. Titanfall 2 was also added in July 2017. However, EA Originals titles, such as A Way Out, Rocket Arena and Sea of Solitude, were added into the service. Additionally, it was announced that the forthcoming EA Originals title Knockout City would be available on the service (regardless of subscription tier) on its May 21, 2021, release date.

EA Play subscribers are able to receive downloadable content for games in the Vault free at during various limited time periods, such as the Naval Strike and Second Assault DLCs for Battlefield 4. Subscribers who download the free DLCs offered during the free period are able to keep them regardless of subscription status. On May 3, 2016, Premium access for Battlefield 4 and Battlefield Hardline were offered free for a limited period of time, enabling subscribers to download all released expansions for both games at no cost. Although Battlefield 4 Premium content can only be accessed with an active subscription, subscribers were allowed to keep Hardline Premium features regardless of subscription status. The season pass for Star Wars Battlefront was made available at no cost for subscribers on July 7, 2017.

History
On February 29, 2016, EA Play expanded to include Xbox 360 titles via the Xbox One's backward compatibility feature, starting with the original Plants vs. Zombies. Dead Space was added (without any official announcement) on March 31. On January 17, 2018, Black, released for Xbox in 2006, was added to the Vault.

EA announced that alongside bringing its catalog back to Steam in October 2019, that it would also release a version of EA Play for Steam users with a library comparable to the Xbox and PlayStation versions. The first set of these games were added to Steam in June 2020.

Ahead of the launch of EA Play to Steam on August 31, 2020, EA announced the re-branding of EA Play and Origin Access to EA Play starting August 18, 2020 across both computer and console. The previous basic EA Play and Origin Access Basic subscription tiers would be treated as EA Play, while the Origin Access Premier would become EA Play Pro. No other changes to the service or prices were planned otherwise. EA Play on Steam and EA Play on Origin are separate subscriptions, with the latter having a significantly larger library of games despite being the same price.

EA partnered with Microsoft so that Xbox Game Pass subscribers would have access to the basic EA Play service at no additional cost. It is included in Xbox Game Pass Ultimate and Game Pass for PC. Xbox users got access to the feature on November 10, 2020, to coincide with the launch of the Xbox Series X/S, whereas the Windows launch was postponed from its original date of December 15, 2020 to March 18, 2021.

EA has announced plans to retire the Origin client for personal computers in favor of a new EA Desktop application to support EA Play and EA Play Pro. The beta for EA Desktop launched in September 2020. The EA Desktop client is required to use EA Play with Xbox Game Pass.

Release and reception
EA Play debuted in beta form exclusively on Xbox One on July 29, 2014, and was officially launched on August 11, 2014. Electronic Arts approached both Sony and Microsoft with the service, but Sony declined to make it available on their PlayStation 4 console. A similar version called Origin Access launched on January 12, 2016, on PC.

Shares of video game retailer GameStop, which sells both new and used games, fell over five percent after Electronic Arts' announcement. A similar price drop occurred after PlayStation Now was first announced and that the stock price subsequently recovered. GameStop will be one of the retailers selling EA Play memberships.

Logos

See also
Xbox Game Pass
PlayStation Now
GameClub
Ubisoft+
Nintendo Switch Online

References

External links

Cloud gaming
Electronic Arts
Online video game services
Online-only retailers of video games
Subscription video game services


title: Popular Democratic Party of Moldova

text:
The Popular Democratic Party of Moldova (, PDPM) was a political party in Moldova led by Serghei Scripnic.

History
Registered on 25 March 1997, the party joined the For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova alliance to contest the 1998 elections. The alliance received 18% of the vote, winning 24 of the 101 seats and becoming the third-largest faction in Parliament. It formed the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms coalition together with Democratic Convention of Moldova and the Party of Democratic Forces, which was able to form a government led by Ion Ciubuc.

The party won 25 seats in the 1999 local elections (0.41% of the total). The alliance was dissolved prior to the 2001 elections, which the PDPM did not contest.

It joined the Our Moldova Alliance for the May 2003 local elections, before merging into it in July 2003.

References

Defunct political parties in Moldova
Political parties established in 2003
Political parties disestablished in 2003


title: Opolzneve

text:
Opolzneve (; ; ) is a village in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Its population was 417 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

External links

Villages in Crimea
Yalta Municipality


title: Movement of Professionals "Hope"

text:
Movement of Professionals "Hope" (, MPSN) was a political party in Moldova led by Vladimir Florea.

History
Registered on 30 April 1997, the party joined the Social Democratic Bloc "Hope" alliance to contest the 1998 elections. However, the alliance received just 1.31% of the vote and failed to win a seat.

Prior to the 2001 elections the party joined the Braghiş Alliance. The Alliance won 19 seats, one of which was taken by the MPSN's Vitalis Mrug.

Following the 2003 local elections, in which the MPSN won just 21 seats and three mayoralties across the country, the party did not contest any further elections.

References

Defunct political parties in Moldova
Political parties established in 1997


title: Edward J. Speno

text:
Edward J. Speno (September 23, 1920 – February 17, 1971) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was born on September 23, 1920, in Syracuse, New York. He attended the public and parochial schools in Auburn. He graduated from Niagara University in 1942. During World War II he served in the U.S. Navy. After the war he graduated from Cornell Law School. In 1946, he married Audrey Bernichon, and they had four children. In 1949, he moved to East Meadow, New York, and practiced law there.

Speno was a member of the New York State Senate from 1955 until his death in 1971, sitting in the 170th, 171st, 172nd, 173rd, 174th, 175th, 176th, 177th, 178th and 179th New York State Legislatures. He was Chairman of the Republican Conference of the State Senate.

He died during the legislative session on February 17, 1971, in St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, New York, of a heart attack.

Sources

1920 births
1971 deaths
People from East Meadow, New York
Republican Party New York (state) state senators
Politicians from Syracuse, New York
Niagara University alumni
Cornell Law School alumni
20th-century American politicians
Lawyers from Syracuse, New York
20th-century American lawyers
United States Army personnel of World War II


title: Montauk Chronicles

text:
Montauk Chronicles is a 2014 documentary film from filmmaker Christopher P. Garetano. The film covers the alleged happenings in the Montauk Project conspiracy.

Overview
Montauk Chronicles is the story of three men who claim that between 1971 and 1983 secret experiments were conducted deep beneath the surface of the Camp Hero Air Force base.

The film features interviews with Al Bielek, Stewart Swerdlow, and Preston Nichols.

In January 2015 Montauk Chronicles premiered at the Philip K. Dick Film Festival in New York and won the award for Best Feature Documentary/Singularity and Beyond.

In February 2015, Preston and Christopher were featured on the nationwide talk show Coast to Coast AM.

See also
 List of conspiracy theories

References

External links

2014 films
Documentary films about conspiracy theories
2010s English-language films


title: János Dévai

text:
János Dévai (9 January 1940 – 11 September 2006) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1940 births
2006 deaths
Hungarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Hungary
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Pécs


title: Marion William Isbell

text:
Marion William Isbell (August 12, 1905 – October 20, 1988) was an American restaurateur and founder of Ramada Inns, Inc.

Biography
Isbell was born to Benjamin Franklin Isbell in Whitehaven, Tennessee upon his passing in 1905 he was orphaned with his two brothers Howard James and Leon (?) before he was 5. The brothers were placed in an orphanage briefly and then resided with relatives in Memphis. He worked throughout his childhood, first in the Isbell rice fields in England, Arkansas, after dropping out of school he worked as an errand boy. At 16, he moved to Chicago to work as a dishwasher, cook and soda jerk. He first got into the restaurant business in 1934, opening the first Isbell's Restaurant.

In 1929, Isbell took a cross-country trip with his wife, Ingrid, when he had the idea of building comfortable roadside inns. In 1954, he made the dream a reality with a group of Phoenix investors and began buying motels. He became chairman of Ramada Inns Inc., a 63-motel chain in 1962. He was chairman until 1973 before retiring in 1979.

Isbell was president of the National Restaurant Association from 1942 to 1944. In 1955, he ran for Chicago city clerk on the same ticket as Mayor Martin Kennelly.

He died on October 20, 1988, at Scottsdale Healthcare Osborn in Scottsdale, Arizona. On the day of his death, Ramada released their restructuring plan to focus on gambling casinos and selling off its hotel and restaurant businesses.

References

1905 births
1988 deaths
Ramada
People from Whitehaven
American hoteliers


title: Thelsford Priory

text:
Thelsford Priory is a site listed by the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England.

Thelsford Priory was a small house, originally of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, located near the banks of the River Avon close to the Warwick to Wellesbourne road. It was colonised from the Priory of the Holy Sepulchre in nearby Warwick.

It was a house of Trinitarian friars and was founded at the beginning of the thirteenth century. It was dedicated to God, St. John the Baptist and St. Radegund. A grant was made between 1200 and 1212 by Henry and Isabel de Beresford which gave the church of nearby Barford mentions canons, indicating the priory may have begun life as a house of the short-lived Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

In 1214 the house was granted 13 acres of land adjacent to the house and further land nearby by Sir William Lucy of Charlecote. He also granted the advowson of Charlecote church and half a virgate of land. He expressed a wish that the house should be used not only as a priory but also as a hospital for the relief of the local poor and for the use of pilgrims.

Sir William's grandson Fulk Lucy gave the friars permission to enclose the road which passed between the church and habitation. A later Sir William Lucy gave them a further two acres of land adjacent to the priory precinct. William de Nasford, lord of Barford, granted further lands and the advowson of Barford church. He also granted three virgates of land which became known as the Free Hide which were exempt from secular service. He also granted fishing rights on the A Richard Malore granted lands at Kirkby in Leicestershire together with the advowson of the church there. He also gave them the chapels at Shilton and Packington. A further benefactor was William de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick who granted three parcels of land. Roger de Charlecote gave lands and tenements at Heathcote. These and other smaller gifts enabled the priory to expand the conventual buildings and a larger church to be built.

The new church and churchyard were consecrated by Bishop Giffard on the Feast of the Translation in 1285. In 1312 during the priorship of Simon de Charlecote the house was involved in a scandal which resulted in the prior and brethren being excommunicated. Their crime was the fabrication of letters of Pope Clement. The bishop of Worcester issued a commission to the deans of Hampton and Warwick to publicly absolve the house.

November 1329 saw Edward III, then staying at nearby Kenilworth, confirming a large number of small grants to Prior Thomas de Offyngton and the brethren. A few years later, in 1332, Prior Thomas de Offyngton was granted a licence to acquire lands and rents in mortmain to an annual value of 10 marks. Two years later they gained in a similar fashion protection for three years to collect alms. This was gained by virtue of an indulgence granted by the Pope to the Trinitarian order. May 1337 saw the house having confirmation of a number of small grants in mortmain on the payment of a fine of 1 mark.

A description of the interior of the church at the time of the dissolution survives and makes interesting reading. Dr London wrote to Cromwell in the capital stating that the house was "in much ruin" and that the church was "little and unfinished". At the eastern end of the church was an image known locally as the "Maiden Cutbroghe". This statue had a wooden trough beneath her feet which extended into the altar (which was hollow). The image was said to be effective in the cure of headaches. Dr London wrote, "Thither resorted such as had headache or had any slottich widow locks, viz., hair grown together in a tuft. There must they put a peck of oats into the trough, and when they were once slid under the altar the friars stole them out from behind, and the sick must pay a penny for a pint of these Maiden Cutbrogh oats, and then their heads should ache no more till the next time."

Dissolution and After

The religious life of the priory came to an end on 26 October 1538 when Prior Edmund David and three other members of the house signed the surrender document passing ownership of the house to the King. Following its surrender the church was demolished and much of the stone was reused in other structures, mainly at Thelsford Farm and Wasperton Manor. The priory ponds and other low-lying areas of the site were backfilled with debris and the area was turned over to grazing.

The site of the priory was excavated in the 1960s and again in 1972. These digs provided much information about the layout of the buildings and other features of the priory. Many of these features still survive underground. The thirteenth-century church was cruciform in plan but the original building was a single-celled rectangular building which was extended in the early fourteenth century. This buildings foundations still survive below ground. The cloisters and its associated buildings were located on the south side of the church. They were largely of timber construction. The western range was built of timber on stone footings which still survive below ground. The areas to the north and west of the claustral buidongs were bounded by walls and probably served as gardens. Apart from the claustral complex itself several areas of buildings have been found within the precinct, particularly in the western part of the site. These structures probably relate to the hospital and pilgrim structures.

There are no visible remains of this long-forgotten priory. Part of the site lies below the main A429 road a little to the north of Thelsford Farm.

Incomplete list of priors

 Elias			1247
 Robert			temp. r. Edward I
 Henry			1309
 Simon de Charlecote	1312
 Thomas de Offyngton	1328
 Thomas de Charlecote	1353
 William de Clarindon	temp. r. Richard II
 Robert Bowston		occurs 1440
 Robert Bolton		1473
 Roger Lynton		1474
 John Brokeden		1492
 Robert Brokeden		1513
 Edmund Alcester		1535
 Edmund David		1538

References

Monasteries in Warwickshire


title: Karl Bartholomaeus Heller

text:
Karl Bartholomaeus Heller  (20 November 1824 – 14 December 1880) was an Austrian botanist and naturalist who explored Mexico in 1845–48 and published his memoir. In the latter year Johann Jakob Heckel published the livebearing freshwater Green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), since the early 20th century a common aquarium fish, from specimens Heller deposited in Vienna. Born in Moravia, Heller was a professor at the Theresianum in Vienna. Among Heller's later works is his defense of Darwinism, Darwin und der Darwinismus,  1869.

Notes

1824 births
1880 deaths
Austrian biologists


title: Michael Henry Wilson

text:
Michael Wilson (1 July 1901 in Birmingham, United Kingdom – 22 December 1985 in Stourbridge, United Kingdom), was a musician, curative educator, scientist, translator and General Secretary of the Anthroposophical Society in Great Britain

Biography
Michael Henry Wilson was born into a Quaker family in 1901. His mother Theodora Wilson, had met Rudolf Steiner and visited the first Goetheanum. For some years he was a professional violinist and conductor. He studied at the Goetheanum and became fluent in German. Later he was a founder and director of the first curative home in the UK. He translated a number of Rudolf Steiner’s works and researched and lectured on Goethe's Theory of Colours.

Although at school Michael had specialized in Physics and Chemistry, with a view to taking over the successful chemical plant his father owned and ran, he decided to study Violin and Conducting at the Royal Academy of Music. He later (1929) became second conductor of the British National Opera Orchestra under Sir John Barbirolli, played as Concert Master under Sir Thomas Beecham and was a close friend of Sir Adrian Boult.

A meeting with the German curative educator, Fried Geuter, in 1929 caused him to break off a successful musical career. Lady Cynthia Chance has described this in her memoirs. She was invited to a lecture by a Mrs Lloyd Wilson (Michael Wilson’s mother) who ran an Anthroposophical study group in the area, to be held by Fried Geuter:

“Michael Wilson did not take seriously this side of his mother’s life and did not come to the lecture. But afterwards he began to talk to this lecturer, who seemed rather different from those who usually came to speak or attended the meetings. Michael, a professional musician, studied at the Royal College of Music, at that time under Sir Adrian Boult. He found that not only did Fried Geuter know a great deal about music and musicians, but was able to enlarge upon Michael’s own knowledge and experience. Fried also told Michael something of his work and its inspiration from Rudolf Steiner. Michael decided to go straight away to join Fried in his effort.”

Fried Geuter’s vision and intention of establishing a centre for Special Needs education based on Anthroposophy in Birmingham inspired Michael Wilson to start the Sunfield Children's Home for severely disabled children together with him. In 1932 this moved to the village of Clent by Stourbridge, where it continues its work to this day.

It was there that 30 years later, in 1962, Michael Wilson and David Clement, both co-workers of Sunfield Homes, offered space and support to Francis Edmunds in founding Emerson College, and together with him, became its first trustees. Michael Wilson continued to lecture at the college many years after it had moved to Forest Row remaining connected with it until his death.

The great outdoors was a lifelong passion for him. He was an experienced mountaineer and active member of the Alpine Society, having scaled many of the highest peaks of Europe.  His interest in the elements, particularly the sound and experience of the wind led him to flying gliders. This he learnt from his friend, the pilot Ralph Brocklebank, who later became his colleague at Sunfield Homes.

His continued interest in physics and chemistry caused him to experiment mainly in the sphere of optics, being particularly interested in theatre lighting and in the colour theory of Goethe. During his time with the British National Opera, he had designed a new lighting system for their stage. These experiences he carried further in working with the staff and children of Sunfield Children’s Home in plays, but particularly in developing a specific kind of colour therapy.

This experimentation with physics and Goethe’s colour theory brought him in touch with many of the competent experts and businessmen of the time such as with Kodak, television networks and the developers of the Polaroid camera. He regularly attended the conferences of the Physical Society and wrote books and many articles on the subject of our perception of colour and the phenomenon of coloured shadows.

He was a devoted family man with his wife, Betty and their three children, Diana, Robin and Christopher.

He translated the central philosophical work of Rudolf Steiner, The Philosophy of Freedom as well as other works.

Published work
 What is Colour?: The Goethean Approach to a Fundamental Problem – Michael Wilson, Goethean Science Foundation 1949 ASIN B001KF9P4G
 Cosmic Light and Cosmic Warmth Michael Wilson - Rudolf Steiner Press 1930

Translations
 The Philosophy of Freedom: The Basis for a Modern World Conception by Rudolf Steiner, Translated by Michael Wilson. Steinerbooks 1999

References

20th-century English educators
English classical violinists
British male violinists
Anthroposophists
English writers
1901 births
1985 deaths
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century English musicians
Male classical violinists
20th-century British male musicians


title: Ferenc Stámusz

text:
Ferenc Stámusz (21 August 1934 – 27 August 2022) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics. He won the Tour de Hongrie in 1964.

References

External links

1934 births
2022 deaths
Hungarian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Hungary
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Budapest


title: Rana el Kaliouby

text:
Rana el Kaliouby (; born 1978) is an Egyptian-American computer scientist and entrepreneur in the field of expression recognition research and technology development, which is a subset of facial recognition designed to identify the emotions expressed by the face. El Kaliouby's research moved beyond the field's dependence on exaggerated or caricatured expressions modeled by laboratory actors, to focus on the subtle glances found in real situations. She is the co-founder, with Rosalind Picard, and CEO of Affectiva.

A pioneer in Artificial Intelligence as well as the co-founder and CEO of Affectiva, an AI startup spun off from the MIT Media Lab. After growing up in Cairo, Egypt, she earned a PhD in Cambridge University, and then joined the MIT Media Lab as a research scientist, where she spearheaded the application of emotion recognition technology in a variety of fields, including mental health and autism. She left MIT to co-found Affectiva, a company credited with defining the field of Emotion AI and now works with 25% of the Fortune 500 and is a leader in emotion AI.  Rana was named by Forbes to their list of America's Top 50 Women in Tech, and Fortune included her in their list of 40 under 40 and was chosen by the World Economic Forum to be a Young Global Leader and member of WEF's Future Global Council on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. She speaks regularly on ethics in AI and fighting bias in AI at conferences from the Aspen Ideas Festival to the Wall Street Journal’s Future of Everything. She hosted a PBS Nova.

Rana el Kaliouby is on a mission to humanize technology with artificial emotional intelligence, or what she calls “Emotion AI.” through developing a “deep learning” platform that combines facial expression with tone of voice to infer how a person is feeling.  She is the author of "Girl Decoded: A scientist's quest to reclaim humanity by bringing emotional intelligence to technology".

Education

El Kaliouby earned a bachelor's degree and Master of Science degree from the American University in Cairo, then a Ph.D. at Newnham College, Cambridge.

Career

El Kaliouby worked as a research scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, helping to found their Autism & Communication Technology Initiative. Her original goal was to improve human-computer interaction, but she quickly became fascinated with the possibility of applying this technology to improve human-human communication, especially for autistic people, many of whom struggle with emotional communication. At the Affective Computing group of MIT Media Lab, she was part of a team that pioneered development of the "emotional hearing aid", a set of emotion-reading wearable glasses which the New York Times included in their Top 100 innovations of 2006. El Kaliouby demonstrates her work and is interviewed in the 2018 documentary on artificial intelligence Do You Trust This Computer?

El Kaliouby has stated that computers, while good with information, fall short when it comes to determining feelings, thus requiring manual prompting to respond to an operator's needs. Her work primarily lies in the subtle facial changes that people tend to make. She has identified 24 landmarks to the face, each moving in different ways, depending on an expressed emotion. This has many applications, from linguistics to video production.  Autism patients, who typically have a different array of expressions that are apart from the norm, may be able to have their moods more easily monitored by parents or caretakers. For production purposes, computer generated imagery of faces (and presumably android projects) will be able to be more realistic in the art of subtlety.

Leading Affectiva's Emotion Science team; the company applies computer vision, machine learning and data science to leverage the company's facial emotion repository, which has now grown to nearly 6 million faces analyzed in 75 countries with 5,313,751 face videos, for a total of 38,944 hours of data, representing nearly 2 billion facial frames analyzed, to understand people's feelings and behaviors.

In 2016, she became the CEO of Affectiva.

In November 2019, Affectiva was covered as a case study at Harvard Business School on the Emotion AI category with Professor Shane Greenstein.

Awards and recognition

El Kaliouby was inducted into the "Women in Engineering" Hall of Fame. She is also a member of ACM, IEEE, Association of Children's Museums, British Machine Vision Association, and Nahdet el Mahrousa. Other awards include:

 7 Women to Watch in 2014 – Entrepreneur Magazine
 Mass High Tech Top 20 Women to Watch 2014
 The Wired Smart List – Wired 2013
 MIT TR35 2012
 Smithsonian Magazine American Ingenuity Award in Technology
 Forbes America's Top 50 Women In Tech 2018
 BBC 100 Women in 2019

Books
El Kaliouby's memoir Girl Decoded was published in April 2020.

El Kaliouby also contributed one chapter to the 2018 book Architects of Intelligence: The Truth About AI from the People Building it by the American futurist Martin Ford.

See also
List of Egyptian scientists

References

External links

 "This app knows how you feel — from the look on your face" (TEDWomen 2015)
 When algorithms grow accustomed to your face | Nov. 2013 – New York Times.
 25 Most Audacious Companies | April 2013 – Inc.
 The New Face of AdTech Goes Consumer | Aug 2012 – TechCrunch.
 Does Your Phone Know How Happy You Are? | June 2012 – Fast Company.

1978 births
Living people
American women engineers
American people of Egyptian descent
Egyptian computer scientists
Egyptian women computer scientists
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Place of birth missing (living people)
MIT Media Lab people
American bioengineers
21st-century American women


The 2008 Castle Point Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Castle Point Borough Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was
Conservative 25
Canvey Island Independent Party 15
Labour 1

Background
14 seats were contested at the election with no election in Canvey West ward, but with a by-election being held in Canvey South at the same time as the normal election in the ward, after the Canvey Island Independent Party councillor Natalie Derby had stepped down in March 2008 due to ill health. One councillor stood down at the election, Conservative Elizabeth Govier from St Georges ward.

Not counting the extra by-election in Canvey South, there were 13 candidates each from the Conservative and Labour parties, 5 from the Canvey Island Independent Party, 3 each from the British National Party and the Green party and 1 from the UK Independence Party.

Election result
The Conservatives remained in control of the council after winning the seats in Benfleet, Hadleigh and Thundersley, while the Canvey Island Independent Party won all 6 seats on Canvey Island. No other party won any seats at the election, with Labour finishing behind the British National Party in 2 wards and behind the UK Independence Party in 1 ward. Overall turnout at the election was 33.0%.

Ward results

References

Castle Point Borough Council elections
2008 English local elections
2000s in Essex


title: 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships – Men's pairs qualification

text:
The 24th World Acrobatic Gymnastics Championships were held in Levallois-Perret, France at the Palais des Sports Marcel-Cerdan. The men's pairs qualifications were held on 10 and 11 July 2014.

2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships


title: Megra Admassou

text:
Megra Admassou (born 14 August 1935) is a former Ethiopian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1935 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
Ethiopian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Ethiopia
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics


title: Tracey Lambrechs

text:
Tracey Lambrechs (born 27 August 1985) is a former New Zealand weightlifter who competed in the +75 kg division. She won a bronze medal at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and a silver at the 2015 Pacific Games. She placed 13th at the 2016 Olympics.

Lambrechs was born in South Africa and moved to New Zealand with her family in 1999. She played netball in the New Zealand national league, and competed internationally in athletics. She took up weightlifting aged 17. She was selected as flag bearer for New Zealand at the opening ceremony of the 2015 Pacific Games.

Lambrechs announced her retirement at the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.

Major results

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
New Zealand female weightlifters
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for New Zealand
Weightlifters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
South African emigrants to New Zealand
Weightlifters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic weightlifters for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting
Weightlifters at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Johannesburg
20th-century New Zealand women
21st-century New Zealand women
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Alberto Marcovecchio

text:
Alberto Andrés Marcovecchio (March 6, 1893 – February 28, 1958) was an Argentine football player that spent all his career at Racing Club de Avellaneda. His position on the field was forward, converting more than 200 goals during his career.

Only in Primera División, Marcovecchio scored 118 between 1913 and 1922.

Playing style
As a forward, Marchovecchio was regarded for his capacity to be placed just in time to score a goal. He often scored more than a goal per game, having been the topscorer during the 1917 and 1919 Primera División seasons. He was part of the outstanding Racing Club squad that won 9 titles between 1913 and 1921, 7 of them consecutively.

Career
After playing for a minor team of his neighborhood (El Porteño), Marcovecchio started his youth career at Racing in 1909. Three years later he was promoted to the Primera División. During his first season in the top level, he scored 7 goals. Along with great player Alberto Ohaco Marcovecchio became the topscorer of the team that won 7 consecutive championships between 1913 and 1919.

In 1917 Marchovecchio was the topscorer of the season with 18 goals in 20 games played. In 1921 he won his last title with Racing Club before leaving football due to an injury.

With the Argentina national team Marcovecchio played only 11 games, making his debut in December 1912 v Uruguay. In 1916 he was called up for the 1916 South American Championship and debuted against Chile scoring 2 goals. His international career ended in 1919 when he played the Newton and Lipton Cups for the national side.

Honours

Club
Racing
 Primera División (8): 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921
 Copa Honor MCBA (3): 1913, 1915, 1917
 Copa Ibarguren (5): 1913, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918
 Copa de Honor Cousenier (1): 1913
 Copa Aldao (2): 1917, 1918

Individual
 Primera División Top scorer: 1917, 1919

Notes

References

1893 births
1958 deaths
Argentine men's footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Footballers from Avellaneda


title: 2014 Malin landslide

text:
On 30 July 2014, a landslide occurred in the village of Malin in the Ambegaon taluka of the Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The landslide, which hit early in the morning while residents were asleep, was believed to have been caused by a burst of heavy rainfall, and killed at least 151 people. Rains continued after the landslide making rescue efforts difficult.

Cause
The landslides were caused after heavy rainfall that had begun the previous day, with the village receiving  of rain on 29 July and continuing throughout the following day. The environmental destruction that resulted in the landslide is believed to have had many causes. The major cause was the negligence of geological facts before any developmental process. Another cause cited as contributing to the landslide was deforestation in the area. Deforestation removes not only trees but also root structures that hold together the soil.  Through deforestation, the soil of the surrounding land was made loose, and experts argue that deforestation was the primary undelaying anthropogenic cause of the landslide. One additional reason was changing agricultural practices villagers had recently shifted from cultivation of rice and finger millet to wheat, which required leveling of steep areas, which contributed to the instability of the hills. Also, the construction of the nearby Dimbhe Dam ten years ago was considered as a possible reason. The instability of the hillsides was due to the construction activities, which are often done without careful analysis of environmental consequences. Stone quarrying, among other types of construction, was specifically blamed by Sumaira Abdulali of the Awaaz Foundation, for the instability of the hillside.

Casualties
Although initial reports stated that the landslide had killed 17 people, officials expected the death toll to exceed 150. As of 4 August 2014, the death toll had reached 134. The bodies so far recovered were of 50 men, 64 women and 20 children. Later estimates indicated more than 160 people, and possibly up to 200. About 44 to 46 separate houses were believed to have been buried in the landslide.

Management
The landslide was first noticed by a bus driver who drove by the area and saw that the village had been overrun with mud and earth. Emergency services, including 378 personnel of the National Disaster Response Force, were mobilized to the area, and 8 victims had been rescued from the landslide prior to the evening of 30 July. Nevertheless, rescue efforts had been hampered by poor road conditions and continuing rains. Authorities have also expressed pessimism about the possibility of recovering any of the trapped people alive. As of 31 July, 22 people had been rescued alive from the landslide. On 4 August, the survivors of the landslide were ordered by the district administration to move out of Malin. Apart from the Security Forces, members of voluntary organizations and locals also helped in rescue operations. On 7 August, rescue operations officially drew to a close, with the final death toll estimate resting at 151.

Reactions
 Office of Prime Minister of India released a statement in response to the landslide, in which they "condoled the loss of lives in the landslide and directed all possible efforts to help the affected people."
 Chief of the Nationalist Congress Party, Sharad Pawar, dubbed the landslide "unfortunate", and tweeted that "We have many villages located beneath hillocks. This incident has alarmed us to rethink about such villages."
 The CPIM demanded a "time bound enquiry into the true causes of this disaster".

References

Malin landslide
2014 disasters in India
Malin landslide
History of Pune district
History of Maharashtra (1947–present)
2014 in Maharashtra
July 2014 events in India
Natural disasters in Maharashtra


title: Jeremy Donougher

text:
Jeremy Donougher (born 28 November 1969) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played at club level for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and the Bradford Bulls.

Career
Donougher made his first grade debut for South Sydney in round 2 of the 1993 season against Manly at Brookvale Oval.  Donougher played for Souths in their upset 1994 Tooheys Challenge Cup final victory over Brisbane.

Donougher joined Bradford in December 1995. In 1996, he scored a hat trick of tries for the club against Castleford, and played in the 1996 Challenge Cup Final defeat against St. Helens. He missed out on the cup final rematch a year later due to injury.

References

External links
Statistics at stats.rleague.com

1969 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Bradford Bulls players
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby league players from Sydney


title: Miao Room

text:
Miao Room is the largest known cave chamber by volume in the world. It is a part of the Gebihe cave system, which is located in Ziyun Getu He National Park, in Ziyun county of the Chinese province of Guizhou.
The chamber, discovered by a French expedition called Gebihe'89 in 1989, measures  in length,  in width, has an area of  and a volume of . In 2013 members of a British led expedition measured the chamber using 3-D laser scanners.

Geology and formation
For more than 600 million years the area, in which the Gebihe cave system is located, was covered by sea and during this time it accumulated miles-thick layers of sediments, including limestone. The uplift of the area and then the erosion of the limestone layer created today's massive cavern system.

The system spreads out in limestones and dolomite of Carboniferous and Permian age. Old cave levels have been cut by erosion and follow the base level lowering caused by Tertiary uplift.

See also
 South China Karst
 Sarawak Chamber

References

Caves of Guizhou
Limestone caves
Wild caves


title: Amousse Tessema

text:
Amousse Tessema (born 25 September 1931) is an Ethiopian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1931 births
Possibly living people
Ethiopian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Ethiopia
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Oromia Region


title: Riikka Hakkarainen

text:
Riikka Hakkarainen (born 23 May 1977) is a Finnish professional golfer who played on the Ladies European Tour between 1998 and 2011. She won the 2006 Tenerife Ladies Open.

Amateur career
Hakkarainen was born in Espoo, Finland, and played for the Finnish National Ladies Team from the age of 15. She won the Nordic Girls Championship twice, in 1995 and 1996, and the Scottish Girls Strokeplay Championship and the Greece Women's Amateur in 1996. She also finished 3rd in the British Girls Amateur Championship in 1995, and represented Finland in the 1994 and 1996 Espirito Santo Trophy, the World Amateur Golf Team Championships.

In 1995, a few days before her 18th birthday, Hakkarainen was runner-up in the Rörstrand Ladies Open on the Swedish Golf Tour, one stroke behind winner Sara Eklund.

Professional career
Hakkarainen turned professional in 1997, at only 19 years old, and joined the Swedish Golf Tour. In her rookie season her best result was as runner-up at the Swedish PGA Championship, one of six top-10 finishes.

In 1998, she also joined the Ladies European Tour, where she made the cut at the Weetabix Women's British Open, and had a best finish of 15th at the Donegal Irish Ladies Open. She lost a playoff at the Hook Ladies Open in Sweden.

Hakkarainen was runner-up at the 1999 Ladies Italian Open, one stroke behind England's Samantha Head. The next year she had a season best finish of 14th at The Daily Telegraph Ladies British Masters, and she lost a playoff at the Gefle Ladies Open in Sweden.

In 2002, she claimed her maiden professional victory at the Telkom Women's Classic on the Nedbank Women's Golf Tour in South Africa. She finished 3rd at the Biarritz Ladies Classic, one stroke away from joining the playoff, and won the Swedish Golf Tour Order of Merit after she was runner-up at the Felix Finnish Ladies Open and at the Körunda Ladies Open, and won the Swedish Matchplay Championship.

Hakkarainen won her second title in Sweden, the Österåker Ladies Masters,  in 2004, and in 2005 she was again runner-up at the Felix Finnish Ladies Open. She teamed up with Minea Blomqvist to represent Finland at the inaugural Women's World Cup of Golf in 2005, and again in 2006.

In 2006, she won her only LET title, the Tenerife Ladies Open. She also finished 3rd at the Ladies Central European Open, and 6th at the Finnair Masters, to end the season a career best 9th on the LET Order of Merit.

Hakkarainen started experiencing balance problems during her best season, and in the middle of 2007 she was forced to take a 2 year hiatus from competitive tournament golf.

She made a comeback to the LET in 2009, and her best finish port-return was a tie for 5th at the 2010 Open De España Femenino. Hakkarainen retired from tour following the 2011 season.

Personal life
Hakkarainen is considered a "Pioneer of Finnish golf" after a long and successful career. She moved to London, UK, in 2010 and still plays a few tournaments a year. She owns and runs Golf Performance, a personal training and coaching business in Mayfair, London; and Helsinki, Finland.

Professional wins (4)

Ladies European Tour (1)

Swedish Golf Tour wins (2)

Nedbank South Africa Women's Golf Tour (1)
2002 Telkom Ladies Classic

Team appearances
Amateur
European Girls' Team Championship (representing Finland): 1993
Espirito Santo Trophy (representing Finland): 1994, 1996

Professional
World Cup (representing Finland): 2005, 2006

References

External links

Finnish female golfers
Ladies European Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Espoo
1977 births
Living people


title: Derek Woods

text:
Derek Woods (born August 10, 1982 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian composer, living and working in Berlin, Germany.

Biography
Woods was taking private clarinet and piano lessons in his home city before entering the McGill University in Montreal. He graduated in 2004, being awarded Bachelor of Arts diploma in composition with highest honors. In 2004 he moved to Hanover, Germany, where he was studying at the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover under Johannes Schöllhorn. He graduated in 2008 and now resides in Berlin.

Performances
Up to date, Woods' works were performed in various concerts, competitions and festivals in Canada, US, Germany, Belgium, Slovakia, Estonia and other countries. His works were commissioned by Bratislava International Festival, Zydeco Festival, Royal Opera of Wallonia, among others.

In addition to large-scale instrumental compositions Woods has written pieces for clarinet, tuba and piano solo, songs for high and low voices, and music for children. He chooses traditional genres, moderate stylistics and tonal harmonic language.

List of works

Stage works
 2009 "Gibsland Love Story", Op.38, commissioned by Zydeco Festival, Opelousas
 2013 "The Hoax", Op.42, commissioned by Royal Opera of Wallonia
 2017 "Mac the Knife", Op.47, commissioned by the Madhatters Ballet Company

Orchestra
 2002 "Symphony No.1", dedicated to Sergei Prokofiev, for chamber orchestra
 2003 "Scherzo", Op.11 for chamber orchestra
 2003 "Concertino", Op.14 for clarinet and chamber orchestra
 2004 "Night in the Zoo", Op.16 for symphony orchestra
 2005 "Clarinet Concerto", Op.25 for clarinet and symphony orchestra
 2006 "Hanover Symphony", Op.26 for symphony orchestra
 2006 "Konzertstück", Op.27 for bass clarinet and symphony orchestra
 2006–2007 "Songs of Chippewa", Op.31 for symphony orchestra. 3rd Prize at the International Composers Competition in Sion, Switzerland, 2008
 2018 "Concerto Gross'o", Op.48 for symphony orchestra

Chamber Ensemble
 1997 "Variations on the Theme from the Motion Picture "Forrest Gump" for clarinet and piano
 1997 "Clowns" for clarinet and piano
 1998 "Andante" for Violin, Clarinet and Piano, later used as 2nd movement for Trio Op.5
 1999 "Variations on the Theme of Paganini", Op.1 for clarinet and piano. Winning piece of the "Young Composers Competition", Montreal, Quebec, 2000
 2000 "Sonata", Op.2 for clarinet and piano
 2000 "Into the Woods!", Op.3 for clarinet, oboe, horn and piano
 2001 "Canadian Suite", Op.4 for violin and piano
 1999–2001 "Trio", Op.5 for violin, clarinet and piano
 2002 "Whazaan", Op.9 for clarinet, bassoon and tuba
 2003 "Tubee or not Tubee", Op.15 for two tubas
 2004 "Rusty", Op.18 for trombone and tuba
 2004–2005 "Suite", Op.20 for brass quintet
 2005 "Variations on a German National Anthem", Op.23 for cello and piano
 2006 "Fairy Tale", Op.28 for mandolin and piano
 2007 "Homeland Fantasy", Op.29 for violin, clarinet and piano. 3rd Prize winner at the Bratislava International Festival, Slovakia, 2009
 2008 "Schützenfest-Suite", Op.33 for brass quintet
 2008 "D.O.P.E.", Op.34 for clarinet and piano
 2008 "Farewell to Friends", Op.36 for clarinet, cello and piano
 2009 "Motzstraße Sketches", Op.37 for flute and piano
 2010 "On Death of the Beloved Mother", Op.41 for clarinet and piano
 2011 "Two Pomo Dances", Op.43 for clarinet quartet, commissioned by Lagniappe Dulcimer Fete, Port Allen, Louisiana
 2011 "To the Fallen", Op.44 for clarinet and piano, commissioned by Macdara O Seireadain and Gintaras Janusevicius
 2013 "Cafe Kröpke", for bayan and chamber ensemble, commissioned by Plathner's Eleven Festival, Hanover

Voice and piano or another instrument
 2002 "No More Britney", Op.10 for soprano and piano
 2003 "Body and Soul", Op.12 for soprano, clarinet and piano
 2004 "Monday", Op.19 for low voice and piano
 2005 "I Hate Pink Carpets", Op.22 for voice, clarinet and piano
 2005 "Three Sonnets", Op.24 on sonnets by William Shakespeare for soprano and piano
 2010 "Where is Maddie?", Op.40 for high soprano, piccolo flute and toy piano
 2013 "Anna Blume", for soprano and bayan, commissioned by Plathner's Eleven Festival, Hanover

Instrument Solo
 1996 "Variations" for piano
 1997 "Serenade" for piano
 1998–1999 "Piano Sonata No.1" for piano
 2001 "Piano Sonata No.2", Op.6 for piano
 2001 "Numb Fingers", Op.7 for piano
 2002–2003 "Etudes for Clarinet Solo", Op.13 for clarinet
 2004 "Piano Sonata No.3", Op.17 for piano
 2005 "Lullaby to the Moon", Op.21 for piano
 2007 "Elegy for Bill Masterton", Op.30 for tuba
 2007 "I is Black", Op.32 for piano left hand
 2010 "Madis' Exam Piece", Op.39 for tuba, commissioned by Madis Vilgats
 2013 "To the Fallen", Op.44b for piano solo, commissioned by Gintaras Janusevicius
 2014 "Dreamcatcher", Op.45 for piano, commissioned by Gintaras Janusevicius
 2015 "Piano Sonata No.4", Op.46 for piano

References

1982 births
Canadian male composers
Living people
McGill University School of Music alumni
Composers from Berlin
Musicians from Winnipeg


title: Kouflu Alazar

text:
Kouflu Alazar (born 25 July 1931) is an Ethiopian former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1931 births
Possibly living people
Ethiopian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Ethiopia
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics


title: Ventura Díaz

text:
Ventura Díaz (born 26 August 1937) is a Spanish former road cyclist, who competed professionally from 1961 to 1976. He competed in the individual road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also rode in thirteen editions of the Vuelta a España, finishing 9th in 1974, as well as two of the Tour de France and one Giro d'Italia. His biggest wins were the 1970 Vuelta a los Valles Mineros and the 1970 Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana.

Major results

1961
 1st Stage 9 Volta a Catalunya
 2nd Subida a Arrate
1962
 1st Stage 3 Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana
1963
 1st Stage 1a (TTT) Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana
 3rd GP Ayutamiento de Bilbao
 9th Overall Eibarko Bizikleta
1964
 1st Stage 8 Tour de l'Avenir
1965
 2nd  Team time trial, UCI World Road Championships
 2nd Subida al Naranco
1966
 2nd Overall Vuelta a La Rioja
 7th Overall Eibarko Bizikleta
1967
 2nd Subida a Arrate
 10th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
1968
 3rd National Hill Climb Championships
1969
 3rd Subida a Urkiola
1970
 1st  Overall Vuelta a los Valles Mineros
1st Stage 2a
 1st  Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad Valenciana
 1st Stage 3 Grand Prix du Midi Libre
 5th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 7th Overall Volta a Catalunya
 7th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 9th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
1971
 10th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
1972
 4th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 8th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1973
 1st Stage 3 Vuelta a La Rioja
 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a Segovia
 3rd Klasika Primavera
 7th Overall Tour of the Basque Country
 7th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
 8th Overall Setmana Catalana de Ciclisme
 10th Subida a Arrate
1974
 1st Stage 4b Vuelta a Cantabria
 3rd Overall Vuelta a los Valles Mineros
 3rd National Cyclo-cross Championships
 6th Overall Volta a Catalunya
 9th Overall Vuelta a España
1975
 1st Stage 5a Tour of the Basque Country
 2nd GP Vizcaya
 3rd GP Llodio

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
Spanish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Spain
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Santander, Spain
Cyclists from Cantabria
20th-century Spanish people


title: Francis McLean (engineer)

text:
Sir Francis Charles McLean  (6 November 1904 – 19 December 1998) was a British electronics engineer. He was Chief Engineer of the Psychological Warfare Division of the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (PWD Shaef) in World War II, and Director of Engineering at the BBC from 1963 to 1968.

McLean was born in Ladywood, Birmingham, the eldest son of Michael and Alice McLean. He graduated from the University of Birmingham.

In 1966, he delivered a Faraday Lecture on the subject of colour television, in whose development he was instrumental. He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1967 and retired from the BBC in 1968. He chaired the Royal Commission on FM Broadcasting in Australia.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 12 August 1968.

A dormitory block at the BBC training centre at Wood Norton, Worcestershire, was named in his honour.

He died in West Berkshire.

References

External links

1904 births
1998 deaths
Knights Bachelor
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
BBC people
British Army personnel of World War II
British electronics engineers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People from Ladywood
British Army officers


title: Kevin Souza

text:
Edimilson Souza (born October 17, 1984), professionally known as Kevin Souza, is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competed in the featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA competitor since 2009, Kevin made a name for himself fighting all over his home country of Brazil. He is a former Jungle Fight Featherweight Champion.

Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
After three successful Jungle Fight Featherweight Championship title defenses in Brazil, Kevin Souza replaced Sam Sicilia and was scheduled to make his UFC debut against Felipe Arantes on September 4, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 28. He won the fight via split decision.

He later faced Mark Eddiva on May 31, 2014, at The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale. Kevin won the fight via TKO due to punches with only eight seconds left for the end of the second round and received a Fight of the Night bonus as well.

Souza faced Katsunori Kikuno on March 21, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 62. He won the fight by knockout in the first round.

Souza faced Chas Skelly on November 7, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 77. Despite hurting Skelly a number of times with punches, Souza lost the fight via submission in the second round and was subsequently released from the promotion.

Bellator
It was announced that Souza had signed with Bellator MMA, he is replaced the injured Derek Campos at Bellator 152 against Patricky Freire on just four days notice on April 16 2016. Souza lost the fight via unanimous decision (30-27,30-27,30-27)

Titles and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Fight of the Night (One time) vs Mark Eddiva
Performance of the Night (One time) vs Katsunori Kikuno
Jungle Fight
Jungle Fight Featherweight Championship (One Time)
Three successful title defenses

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|18–7
|Predrag Bogdanović
|TKO (leg injury)
|Serbian Battle Championship 44
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:13
|Belgrade, Serbia
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|18–6
|Heinrich Caceres
|KO (head kick)
|CTF 3
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:15
|Asunción, Paraguay
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|18–5
|Denis Silva
|Decision (split)
|Future FC 6
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|São Paulo, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|17–5
|Janio Carvalho
|TKO (punches)
|MF Fighters 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:08
|São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center|16–5
| Patricky Freire
|Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 152
|
| align=center|3
| align=center|5:00
| Torino, Italy
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 16–4
|Chas Skelly
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:56
|São Paulo, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|16–3
|Katsunori Kikuno
|KO (punch)
|UFC Fight Night: Maia vs. LaFlare
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:31
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|15–3
|Mark Eddiva
|TKO (punches)
|The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale: Miocic vs. Maldonado
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:52
|São Paulo, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|14–3
|Felipe Arantes
|Decision (split)
|UFC Fight Night: Teixeira vs. Bader
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Belo Horizonte, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|13–3
|Fabiano Nogueira
|KO (punch)
|Jungle Fight 51
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:47
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|12–3
|João Antonio Gois
|TKO (punches)
|Tavares Combat 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:19
|Itajaí, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|11–3
|Mauro Chaulet
|KO (punch)
|Jungle Fight 47
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:03
|Porto Alegre, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|10–3
|Henrique Gomes
|TKO (retirement)
|Jungle Fight 42
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:30
|São Paulo, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|9–3
|Fabiano Nogueira
|TKO (punches)
|Jungle Fight 39
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:18
|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|8–3
|Felipe Cruz
|KO (knee)
|Floripa Fight 8
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|1:14
|Florianópolis, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|7–3
|Geison Costa
|TKO (punches)
|São José Super Fight 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:20
|São José, Brazil
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|6–3
|José Ivanildo
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Nitrix Champion Fight 7
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:40
|Balneário Camboriú, Brazil
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|6–2
|Claudinei Maia
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Centurion Mixed Martial Arts
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:41
|Balneário Camboriú, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|6–1
|Daniel Mota
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Sul Fight Championship 4
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Florianópolis, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|5–1
|Renato Gomes
|TKO (punches)
|Black Trunk Fight 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Florianópolis, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|4–1
|Sebastian Vidal
|TKO (body punch)
|Floripa Fight 6
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|
|Florianópolis, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–1
|Sebastian Vidal
|KO (punches)
|Warrior's Challenge 4
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Porto Belo, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–1
|John Paine
|TKO (punches)
|Argentina Fighting Championships
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:14
|Buenos Aires, Argentina
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|1–1
|Marcos Vinicius
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Samurai FC 2: Warrior's Return
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:26
|Curitiba, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Rodrigo Flecha
|KO (punch)
|VIP - Stage 4
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:15
|Joinville, Brazil
|
|-

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

Brazilian male mixed martial artists
1984 births
Living people
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Sportspeople from Salvador, Bahia
Sportspeople from Florianópolis


title: For the Best and for the Onion

text:
For the Best and for the Onion () is a 2008 Nigerien documentary film about onion farmers in Galmi, Niger, written and directed by Sani Elhadj Magori.

Synopsis
Filmed in the director's hometown over the course of a single growing season, the film follows how the price of onions affects the lives of two young villagers who wish to wed, while the father of the would-be bride, Yaro, struggles to make enough from his crop to be able to offer his daughter a fitting marriage.

Awards and festivals
 2008, Prix Jean Rouch, Forum Africain du Film Documentaire de Niamey
 2009, International Jury Prize and Prix du jury jeunes lycéen, Festival international de films sur la ruralité de Ville-sur-Yron (France)
 2009, Africa Movie Academy Awards, Best Documentary Feature
 2009, Terra di Tutti Film Festival (Italy), Best Foreign Film Award
 2010, Pan African Film & Arts Festival (Los Angeles), Best Short Documentary
 2010 Cannes Film Festival, Selected to Cinémas du monde section

References

External links

Best Documentary Africa Movie Academy Award winners
Nigerien documentary films
Onions
2008 films
2008 documentary films
Documentary films about agriculture
Agriculture in Niger
Documentary films about families


title: Atrapada (1991 TV series)

text:
Atrapada (Trapped) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1991.

Christian Bach and Héctor Bonilla starred as protagonists, while Guillermo Capetillo and Raquel Olmedo starred as antagonists.

Plot
It all begins at the end of the year party given by the millionaire Montero family. Antonio Montero, president of the Montermex companies, is found dead supposedly due to a suicide, but Camila, Antonio's daughter, is convinced that her father was murdered to remove him from the path and control of the companies.

This is how suspicions and intrigues begin. They are all suspects, including the men Camila has loved: René Pizarro, her first boyfriend; Ángel Montero, with whom she also fell in love with her; and Gonzalo Rodríguez, with whom she ended up marrying, without love. No one learned of the latter's presence at the party until one of the employees claimed to have seen him that night at the Montero home.

But little by little more deaths will occur that will cause Camila to be trapped in a vortex of pain, anguish and suspense. Could the murderer be one of Camila's loves? Will he want to kill her too, since she has decided to find out who killed her father at all costs?

Cast

 Christian Bach as Camila Montero
 Héctor Bonilla as Gonzalo Rodríguez
 Guillermo Capetillo as Ángel Montero
 Alma Muriel as Luisa
 Frank Moro as Jaime
 Guillermo García Cantú as Víctor Montero
 Gerardo Murguía as René Pizarro
 Margarita Gralia as Adela
 Rosario Gálvez as Tomasa
 Ernesto Godoy as Raúl
 Marisol Santacruz as Sonia Montero
 Rodrigo Vidal as Luis
 Sofía Álvarez as Alicia Montero
 Roberto Antúnez as Claudio López Naranjo
 Julieta Egurrola as Fina Montero
 Raquel Olmedo as Marcia Montero
 Macaria as Rita
 Raul Román as David
 Mario Casillas as Aníbal Montero
 Armando Araiza as Fernando
 Lucero Lander as Elisa Pizarro
 Carlos Cardán as Manuel
 Dunia Saldívar as Lola
 Alicia Fahr as Nina
 Marichelo as Mimí
 Arturo Beristáin as Eduardo
 Jerardo as Efraín
 Miguel Suárez as Don Fernando
 Gerardo Vigil as Ledezma
 Lucero Rojas as Daniela
 Jorge Fegan as Dr. Salas
 David Rencoret as Dr. Orozco
 María Rebeca as Gloria
 Mauricio Ferrari as Antonio Montero
 Alejandro Ruiz as Octavio
 Ofelia D'Rosas as Verónica
 Leandro Martínez as Don Paco
 Evangelina Sosa as Lupita
 Rosita Quintana as Jane Solís
 Felio Heliel as Dr. Wilfredo Salas

References

External links

1991 telenovelas
1991 Mexican television series debuts
1992 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico City
Televisa telenovelas


title: Ishangopalpur massacre

text:
Ishangopalpur massacre () refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindus in Ishangopalpur village, in the outskirts of Faridpur on 2 May 1971. The Pakistan army shot and bayoneted 28 Bengali Hindus to death.

Background
On 25 March 1971, the Pakistan army launched Operation Searchlight in East Pakistan. They targeted Hindus as a community for extermination. After a few weeks, they arrived at Faridpur and set up an army base. In the meanwhile, the Hindus of the locality had begun to flee. Around 60 Bengali Hindu families from Faridpur took shelter in Ishangopalpur, a village located six to seven kilometers from the town. The house of former Hindu landlord Ishan Sarkar was located in the village. His grandson Lakshman Sen was staying at the house at that time. After 21 April, NAP leader Chittaranjan Ghosh, his elder brother Jagadish Chandra Ghosh along with a few influential persons from the Bengali Hindu community took shelter in the house. Some of them began to train themselves to fight the Pakistan army.

Killings
On 2 May, local people led a contingent of the Pakistani army towards the village. They proceeded to the house of Ishan Sarkar. As the residents attempted to flee, they were caught at gunpoint. 29 inmates of the house were rounded up and led to the banks of a pond nearby. They were kicked, punched and bayoneted. Then the adult males were killed one by one in front of their wives and children. Before leaving, the Pakistan soldiers warned in Urdu that no freedom fighter or Hindus would be spared. One person survived after escaping with a bullet wound. The dead were buried beside the pond.

Aftermath
After the independence of Bangladesh, the mass killing site remained unchanged. In 2010, family members of the victims erected a memorial at the mass killing site. On 2 May 2010, the victims were commemorated and verses from the Gita were recited for the peace of the departed souls.

References

1971 Bangladesh genocide
Massacres of Bengali Hindus in East Pakistan
Massacres of men
Persecution of Hindus
Persecution by Muslims
1971 in Bangladesh
Massacres in 1971
Massacres committed by Pakistan in East Pakistan
May 1971 events in Asia
Violence against men in Asia
Persecution of Hindus by Muslims


title: Cayurruca

text:
Cayurruca is a hamlet () located in the commune of Río Bueno in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. It had by 2017 a population of 268 up from 211 in 2002.

References

Geography of Los Ríos Region
Populated places in Ranco Province