title: Tepia sacrificial spring

text:
Tepia sacrificial spring, also known as Tepia silmaallikas or Tepia silmaläte (spring for eyes) is a spring in Võru County, Meremäe rural municipality, in Tepia village by Tuhkvitsa stream in Estonia. The spring is situated in a forest beside Lätteperve farm field, about 330 metres north-east of Lätteperve farm buildings. The spring is under protection as a cultural monument.
The spring was believed to have healing properties. People were hoping to get healed by the spring and used to make donations by throwing coins or flowers in it. One could not take the coins thrown in the spring home, as it was believed that this would bring sickness in.

References

Setomaa Parish
Springs of Estonia
Religion in Estonia


title: 1963 Moscow protest

text:
On 18 December 1963, a number of students from Ghana and other African countries organized a protest on Moscow's Red Square (Russian SFSR, USSR) in response to the alleged murder of the medical student Edmund Assare-Addo. The number of participants was reported at 500–700, but the Ghanaian physician Edward Na, who participated in the events, claimed there were at most 150 protesters. The ambassador of Ghana in the Soviet Union John Banks Elliott requested militsiya protection of the Ghanaian embassy.

This was the first recorded political protest on the Red Square since the late 1920s.

Background
Edmund Assare-Addo was a 29-year-old student of the Kalinin Medical Institute. His body was found in a stretch of wasteland along a country road leading to the Moscow Ring Road. African students alleged that he was knifed by a Soviet man because Assare-Addo was courting a Russian woman. The African students based their allegation on the unlikelihood of a student venturing into that remote place. The Soviet authorities stated that Assare-Addo froze to death in the snow while drunk. According to the autopsy, performed by Soviet medics with two advanced medical students from Ghana as observers, the death was "an effect of cold in a state of alcohol-induced stupor". No signs of physical trauma were found, with the possible exception of a small scar on the neck.

Discussing the protest with Soviet officials, Elliot indicated the Western embassies in Moscow ("the U.S., England, France, the FRG, or even Holland") as the probable instigators of the protest. Elliot went so far as to suggest that students who "behaved poorly" and "skipped class" should be expelled from the Soviet Union. Before the students' march to the Red Square, Elliott alleged that the students broke into the Ghanaian embassy and damaged furniture and pictures.

Protest

The protesters were African students studying at Soviet universities and institutes. Having assembled on the morning of 18 December 1963, they wrote a memorandum to present to Soviet authorities. The protesters carried placards with the slogans "Moscow – center of discrimination", "Stop killing Africans!" and "Moscow, a second Alabama", while shouting in English, Russian, and French. The protesters marched to the Spasskiye Gates of the Kremlin, where they posed for photographs and gave interviews to Western correspondents. The Soviet TASS news agency responded with a statement: "It is to be regretted that the meetings of the Ghanaian students which began in connection with their claims to the embassy of their country resulted in the disturbance of public order in Moscow streets. It is quite natural that this is resented by the Russian people".

On 20 December, the students returned to classes and the militsiya ceased the protection of the Ghanaian embassy.

References

1963 protests
1963 in international relations
1963 in the Soviet Union
1963 in Moscow
Red Square
Student protests in Russia
Protests in the Soviet Union
Diplomatic incidents
Ghana–Russia relations
Protests in Russia
Racism in the Soviet Union


title: Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog

text:
Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog (occasionally spelt Llanfihangel Esgeifiog or Llanfihangelesgeifiog) is a community (civil parish) and former ecclesiastical parish in Anglesey, Wales, east of Llangefni.

Description
The community includes the villages of Gaerwen and Pentre Berw; it also includes the Malltraeth Marsh RSPB. The percentage of Welsh language speakers in the community in 2011 was 76.5%.

Coal was mined in the area from the 15th to the 18th centuries.

The old parish church of St Michael, less than a mile from Gaerwen, now lies in ruins. It was replaced by the new church of St Michael in Gaerwen, in 1847.

Governance
At the local level the community elects eleven community councillors to Llanfihangel Esgeifiog Community Council.

Until 2012 the community's boundaries, together with those of neighbouring Penmynydd, defined the electoral ward of Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog. This ward elected a county councillor to the Isle of Anglesey County Council until The Isle of Anglesey (Electoral Arrangements) Order 2012 redrew the boundaries for the 2013 elections. The 2012 boundary rearrangements included Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog in a larger ward of Bro Rhosyr, which elects two county councillors.

In November 2006 the Plaid Cymru councillor for the Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog ward, Hughie Noel Thomas, was jailed for nine months for falsifying Post Office records and subsequently disqualified as a county councillor. He had been sub-postmaster in Gaerwen.  Thomas was released from prison and his name cleared, after a group legal action against the Post Office over faults with its Horizon accounting system.

References

Former wards of Anglesey


title: Ojaotsa springs

text:
Ojaotsa springs, also known as Serga springs are springs in Meremäe village in Estonia. They are the source for Tuhkvitsa Stream. Springs might potentially be rising springs forming a travertine deposit. Ojaotsa springs belong to the pre-selection of Natura 2000 nature conservation areas, they have 10 openings of groundwater and a rate of flow of 150 litres per second.

References

Setomaa Parish
Springs of Estonia


title: Petersen House (disambiguation)

text:
The Petersen House is a U.S. National Historic Site in Washington, D.C.

Petersen House may also refer to:

 Petersen House (Sweden), Gamla stan
in the United States
(by state, then city)

 Niels Petersen House, Tempe, Arizona, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
 Lambrite-Iles-Petersen, Davenport, Iowa, a U.S. Historic district contributing property
 Max Petersen House, Davenport, Iowa, NRHP-listed
 Thuesen-Petersen House, Scipio, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Millard County, Utah
 H. S. Petersen House, Port Townsend, Washington, listed on the NRHP in Jefferson County, Washington

See also
 Peterson House (disambiguation)


title: 2014 Egypt Cup final

text:
The 2014 Egypt Cup Final decided the winner of the 2014 Egypt Cup, the 81st season of Egypt's premier football cup. It was played on 19 July 2014 at the 30 June Stadium in Cairo

In the final, Zamalek played Smouha. The winner would have earned a place in the group stage of the 2015 CAF Confederation Cup, but both teams were qualified for the Confederation Cup and Champions League via their league position.

Zamalek were the defending champions, and it was their 36th final and the third in a row, It was Smouha's first final, Zamalek won the game 1–0, claiming the cup for the 23rd time.

Route to the final

Game description

Match details

References

External links

2014
Cup Final
EC 2014
EC 2014


title: Onechanbara Z2: Chaos

text:
is a 2014 hack and slash video game developed by Tamsoft. Part of the Oneechanbara series, it is the sequel to the 2012 Japan-exclusive Xbox 360 title , and the first game in the series to be localized since Onechanbara: Bikini Samurai Squad and OneChanbara: Bikini Zombie Slayers in 2009.

Gameplay
The gameplay has been compared to Bayonetta, and revolves around hack and slash combat. Throughout the game, two sets of playable characters can be swapped with on the fly, each boasting their own unique attacks and abilities (the characters at hand depend on the given stage). Throughout the game, players will earn yellow orbs, which represent the form of currency. These orbs may be exchanged for new combat moves and gear.

Players will battle a variety of enemies, mainly zombies, werewolves, ghouls, and demons. In order to defeat these foes, weapons such as swords, chainsaws, and guns are available. Slaying enemies will result in the dismemberment of limbs, as well as an in-game combo.

After completing a level, the user is graded on their performance throughout the stage. Factors such as combo length, amount of items used, damage dealt, and damage received can all affect this score in a positive and negative manner. These scores can also be submitted to the worldwide leader boards.

Plot

The Banefuls and the Vampirics are two ancient rival demonic bloodlines. After the numbers of both factions dwindled to almost nothing it was thought that the blood feud was over. After the Vampiric sisters Kagura and Saaya defeated their treacherous adoptive mother, the Vampire Queen Carmilla, at the end of the last game, aided from the shadows by Aya and Saki, two legendary zombie-hunting sisters of Baneful Blood, the truce came to an abrupt end and the two sets of sisters could restrain themselves no longer.

Carmilla's throne room became a battleground once again as the two pairs of sisters battled for supremacy. The battle, however, was undecided, as the floor beneath them collapsed sending the four into the abyss below, but not before glancing a mysterious, slender, green-haired woman now sitting in Carmilla's throne. The girls become separated from their respective sisters and are pushed into uneasy alliances for survival. In the catacombs beneath the castle, Kagura is forced to drink Aya's blood in order to regenerate after she is critically injured by demonic moles being kept in the castle's depths. The fusion of the two bloodlines within Kagura's body allows her to temporarily transform into a powerful new form, Dare Drive, slaying all who stand before her.

Saaya and Saki are thrust into a pocket hell dimension but are able to escape by co-operating to defeat the waves of undead blocking their exit. They escape to the castle village but are attacked by a masked undead assassin known as Misha. Misha bests the girls and seriously injures Saaya. Kagura and Aya reunite with them and advise Saaya to feed on Saki's blood in order to recover and transform into her own Dare Drive. This works, and the four girls work together to force Misha to retreat and slay her undead entourage. Now working together, the girls are advised by their friend Anna of the Zombie Prevention Force (ZPF) to wipe out several zombie outbreaks around the world and eliminate several high-profile targets. The attacks are revealed to be diversions to keep the girls at bay whilst Misha locates the ZPF Headquarters and slaughters and zombifies the personnel within. Fortunately, being a field operative, Anna is absent and evades the attack.

The four girls arrive at the scene where the results of Kagura and Saaya's vampiric bites finally take their effects on Aya and Saki's Baneful bodies, granting them similar transformations known as Xtatics. The four cut their way through floor after floor of zombified ZPF whilst chasing Misha. On the rooftop, the green-haired woman escapes by helicopter, leaving the party to battle Misha. With their enhanced abilities, the girls are able to defeat Misha once and for all. The mortally wounded Misha falls from the rooftop as her mask shatters, revealing that she was in fact Misery, a rival Baneful and loose ally of Aya and Saki's late nemesis, Himiko. Misery was slain a year previously by Aya and Saki to end her insane bloodlust and was subsequently resurrected by the green-haired woman.

Anna contacts the party with news that the green-haired woman has returned to Carmilla's castle. The girls follow and attempt to evade the awaiting zombie army by navigating a network of tunnels. Despite many traps set for them, the girls successfully confront the green-haired woman in the now restored throne room. The woman identifies herself as Evangeline, or 'Evange' for short, and reveals her goal of creating a world for both the Banefuls and Vampirics; a world she aims to create by fusing the bloodlines, much like the party did previously. Evange offers the girls a place in her utopia, but soon withdraws her offer when she realizes the girls still intend to kill her. Evange attacks the party, using her own fused blood to transform, but the party emerges victorious and slays her.

The girls agree to put the ancient blood feud behind them and make their alliance permanent. Later, Anna contacts the girls and reveals Evange's origins. Evange was a researcher working for Carmilla who used the castle's facilities to further her own cause. She was also Misery's older sister.

Release
All launch editions in North America came packaged as the Banana Split Limited Edition, which included an 80-page art book, soundtrack CD, and exclusive costumes.

The game will feature dual audio support between the original Japanese voice cast and an all-new English voice cast.

Reception

Onechanbara Z2: Chaos received mixed reviews from critics, currently averaging a 59.22% on GameRankings and a 59/100 on Metacritic, respectively. Praise was given to the games character models and addictive combat, while criticism was drawn to its dated environmental graphics.

The game fared well with Famitsu reviewers, whose combined scores added to a 31/40 (8/8/8/7).

Kyle MacGregor of Destructoid awarded the game a 5.5/10. MacGregor praised the game's combat, character designs, and sexual fan service, while taking issue to the "linear and repetitive mission structure", and also disliking the enemy AI, commenting that they simply rely on sheer size to pose any sort of challenge.

Hardcore Gamer's Adam Beck was highly critical of the game. Despite giving applause to the high level of customization and fluid swordplay, he felt the poor dialog, bad mission structure, repetitive combat and short game length brought the game experience down, awarding the game a 4/10. He did however call Onechanbara Z2: Chaos one of the better entries in the series.

Penny Arcade featured the game in a "First 15" video feature, and found little to like. The "First 15" segments feature writer Jerry Holkins and artist Mike Krahulik playing a game for fifteen minutes, and provide a record of their reactions and reflections on the game being played. Holkins and Krahulik were uniformly negative, citing feelings of disgust while playing. They criticized the character modeling of the enemies, the costumes of the protagonists, the gameplay, and the spirit of the game.

Matt Sainsbury, reviewing for DigitallyDownloaded.net, gave the game a 9/10, saying that while technical bugs existed, such as a sometimes poor camera, they never detracted from the fast paced combat.

References

External links
 Onechanbara Z2: Chaos official North American website

2014 video games
D3 Publisher games
Hack and slash games
Video games about zombies
PlayStation 4 games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in castles
OneChanbara
Windows games
Crowd-combat fighting games
Single-player video games
Nippon Ichi Software games


title: South African Sendinggestig Museum

text:
The South African Sendinggestig Museum (also known as the South African Slave Church Museum) was established in 1977 and is currently situated in the centre of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. It is a province-aided museum which receives support from the Government of the Western Cape Province.

History

The South African Sendinggestig Museum is housed in the oldest indigenous mission church in the country built by local Christians.

In 1801, the Board of Directors of the South African Society for the Advancement of Christ's Kingdom acquired a property in Long Street, Cape Town, for 50,000 guilders. The existing buildings were demolished and the Sendinggestig built. It was inaugurated on 15 March 1804 by Rev. J.P. Sеrumer of the Dutch Reformed Church's Groote Kerk, Cape Town congregation.

The Sendinggestig was not originally used for worship services. Instead people went there for prayer meetings, Bible studies or other religious and literacy classes. For this reason it was not called a church, but a “gestig” or “oefeninghuis” which is the Dutch equivalent of an American “meeting house”.

Twenty years later it did become a fully-fledged church. This congregation included the poor, Khoekhoen or Khoikhoi and Slaves who converted to Christianity.

Building

The museum building is architecturally unique as it was South Africa's first building in the form of a basilica with an Apsis. All its windows are small scale replicas of this floor plan. It has the only surviving example of a steeply pitched lime-concrete roof - a form of construction developed at the Cape specifically for flat roofs. Its façade features Corinthian pilasters carrying a moulded Cornice and a Gable with a circular ventilator and four Urns.

By the 1970s the building was in a dilapidated state and required major restoration work to both its exterior and interior. During the winter of 1977 storms caused more damage and part of its northern wall collapsed. Restoration work began in 1978. The restoration team was able to reproduce the building's 1830s Facade according to a contemporary print by Frederick Willem de Wet.

The historical interior of the church was also faithfully reproduced, including replicas of the wall-paintings discovered during the restoration process.

Slaves and the Sendinggestig

Since its construction the South African Gestig was closely linked to slaves. Between 1801 and 1804 slaves and free-blacks demolished the existing house on the property and cleared the site. They built the walls with stones from the Vlaeberg quarry and bricks they made. Some assisted the carpenters working on the building while others painted its walls with lime wash made with slave-labour. The front steps and floor were made from Robben Island slate. The roof used to be water-proofed with Whale oil.

After the Sendinggestig opened its doors in March 1804 slaves were encouraged to attend prayer meetings there. However, these prayer meetings could not be held at the same time as church services or inconvenience slave-owners.

From early 1813 “heathen” children, including slave children, were taught to read and write there on Wednesdays and Fridays. From July 1813 adult slaves could come to an evening school at the Sendinggestig after finishing their day’s work and if their owners allowed it.

In 1818 the South African Mission Society was granted some land in Somerset Road to use as burial ground for converted slaves. Slaves that were buried there received a funeral service and dignified burial. Before this most slaves were buried in unmarked graves in Cape Town’s pauper burial sites.

The Emancipation of Slaves in the British Empire, which was implemented at the Cape in 1838, caused an influx of people to Cape Town in search of work, and this led to the growth of the Sendinggestig.

History of the SA Gestig Congregation

Slave-owners weren’t keen to have their slaves baptised as Christian converts could not be sold. Mostly freed slaves were therefore baptised and could then become members of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK). This led to the directors of SA Mission Society establishing their own congregation. It was called the SA Gesticht congregation of the SA Missionary Society. In 1820 Jacobus Henricus Beck became its first minister.

On 24 December 1820 the first baptism was held at the Sendinggestig. Domingo, slave of Mr Hammes, Job, slave of Mr Stronck, Arend, slave of the widow Pauelsen and Durenda, slave of the widow Stegman, became the first members of the congregation.

In 1831 the stable-building behind the church was converted into a small double-storeyed home for the church's caretaker.

The congregation began using the store next to the church as a school in 1839. This school would operate until 1917. The building was also used as a venue for the congregation's church bazaars. In 1895 the school was moved to the second storey and different businesses rented the ground floor as extra income for the congregation. During the 1930s it served as the office of the African People's Organisation.

By 1901 the SA Gestig congregation had 1 153 members. The congregation had a brass band and choir. Its members actively participated in a variety of associations including the Christian Sisters Association ("Christelijke Susterbond"), the Christian Young Daughters Association ("Christelijke Jongdogtersbond"), the Children's Association ("Kinderbond") and Youth Brigade ("Jeugbrigade").

From 1922 a well-known member of congregation, Anna Tempo (or Sister Nannie as she was commonly known), worked with women and girls living on Cape Town's streets. She established "Nannie Girls' Rescue Home" as a shelter for them.

During the 1930s the SA Gestig church became the spiritual home for domestic workers who came to Cape Town from different rural areas.

In 1937 the SA Gestig congregation became part of the Dutch Reformed Mission Church and was supported by the South African Missionary Society until its dissolution in 1983.

By 1954 only 520 members remained as people moved away to the suburbs to find work and due to urban racial segregation. Distance and economic circumstances made it difficult for members of the congregation to keep attending church in Cape Town.

By the end of the 1960s the buildings fell into disrepair, there were misunderstandings between the church council and directors of the SA Mission Society and uncertainty about the Group Areas Act. The church, old school and care-taker's home were all sold to the Metropolitan Hotel in 1971 with the provision that the congregation could use the church for another 5 years.

The SA Gestig congregation had to find a suitable piece of land for building a church in a “Coloured Group Area”. Until their new church was completed in Belhar the congregation shared Cape Town's St Stephens Church from 1975-1978.

A special memorial service was held on 31 August 1975, during which the congregation bid farewell to their original church in Long Street.

The new church in Belhar was inaugurated in 1978. This would become the site where the Belhar Confession was produced.

The Museum
The South African Sendinggestig Museum (also known as the Slave Church), is a church museum located in Long Street, Cape Town, South Africa.

During the 1970s The S.A. Sendinggestig Museum was established as a result of an interest group advocating saving both the building and preserving the legacy of the Christian Missionaries in the then Cape Colony (Dutch).

The building was therefore bought for the purpose of establishing a museum, funded by the then Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope. Additional funding for this project was raised by the Simon van der Stel Foundation, a local heritage conservation body, and members of the public.

The SA Sendinggestig Museum opened its doors in March 1979.

Function and Themes
The theme of the museum is Christian missionaries and the impact the missionaries had on slaves and the indigenous people of South Africa. Exhibitions at the museum also carry themes about the history of the South African Gestig Congregation, the history of the museum building and Christian mission work and mission stations.

Other Activities

The former South Africa Gestig churchgoers, their families and museum staff members work together to ensure that the museum's content becomes more representative.

In addition to this the museum hosts events aimed at the Youth and, via different communities promote social inclusion and cohesion. The museum also hosts activities linked to South Africa's national days.

References

External links

 Official Facebook page

1977 establishments in South Africa
Cape Town
Museums in Cape Town


title: 2014 Powiat Poznański Open – Singles

text:
The tournament in Sobota was a new addition to the ITF Women's Circuit.

The second seed Kristína Kučová won the title, defeating Sesil Karatantcheva in the final, 1–6, 7–5, 6–3.

Seeds

Main draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 Main draw

Powiat Poznanski Open - Singles
WSG Open


title: 2014 Powiat Poznański Open – Doubles

text:
The tournament in Sobota was a new addition to the ITF Women's Circuit.

The fourth seeds Barbora Krejčíková and Aleksandra Krunić won the tournament, defeating third seeds Anastasiya Vasylyeva and Maryna Zanevska in the final, 3–6, 6–0, [10–6].

Seeds

Draw

References
 Draw

Powiat Poznanski Open - Doubles
WSG Open


title: Kõõru sacrificial spring

text:
Kõõru sacrificial spring, also known as Müräläte is a spring in  Võru County, Meremäe rural municipality, in Kõõru village in Estonia. The spring is under protection as a cultural monument.
The spring is situated between Kõõru and Talka village, on the right by Talka Stream. According to the folk myth, the place is the location for an ancient stronghold. Archaeological excavations have been done in the area, but there have not been any findings.

Lore

References

Setomaa Parish
Springs of Estonia
Estonian folklore
Religion in Estonia


title: Soy Cámara

text:
Soy Cámara. El programa del CCCB was a television programme based around the activities organized by the Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona with the aim of creating a documentary essay. It was co-produced by the CCCB and RTVE and was broadcast monthly on La 2 from 2010 to 2015. The first programme aired in October 2010. Nowadays it is broadcasting weekly in its YouTube channel, keeping its original aim and opening itself to new collaborations with universities, cinema schools and external filmmakers.

Format and style

Editing archive material and interviews as a leading thread, it experiments with television formats. The programmes invite criticism and reflection while remaining enjoyable and dynamic, introducing irony with a hint of transgression of discourse and editing. The idea of hosting different opinions about issues and the absence of a narrator mean that more questions than answers are raised.

Rather than a cultural agenda of the CCCB, this is a space for creation that is more or less independent of the activities that take place at the centre.

Directors and collaborators

The programme direction varies with each episode. The most regular directors to date are Andrés Hispano and Félix Pérez-Hita, previously directors of Boing Boing Buddha (BTV) and Baixa Fidelitat (XTVL). However, other collaborators have also played this role, including Juan Insua, Judit Carrera, Elisabet Goula, Jorge Luis Marzo, Arturo “Fito” Rodríguez, Ingrid Guardiola and Antonio Monegal.

Each programme contains contributions by different collaborators. International interviewers include Roy Ascott, Philip Ball, Zygmunt Bauman, Judith Butler, Noam Chomsky, Daniel Dennett, Andrés Duque, Harun Farocki, John N. Gray, Naomi Klein, Lawrence Lessig, Jonas Mekas, Alan Moore, Martin Parr, Rick Prelinger, Michael Sandel, Richard Sennett, Vandana Shiva, Bernard Stiegler, Tzvetan Todorov, Gao Xingjian…

Interviewers from Spain include Samuel Aranda, Oriol Bohigas, Colita, Joan Fontcuberta, Manuel Huerga, Quim Monzó, Iván Morales, Albert Serra…

Episodes

The programme's episodes can be divided into seven blocks. The number of the programme is shown in brackets.

New paradigms and new technologies:
 Pensar el futuro [Conceiving the future] (2)
 I+C+i [R+C+i] (5)
 Mal de archivo [Archive ache] (12)
 Secreto [Secret] (23)
 En mi habitación [In my room] (29)
 Somos mundos, somos vidas, somos datos, somos votos [We are worlds, we are lives, we are data, we are votes] (30)

Image analysis:
 Violencia [Violence] (3)
 Yo también soy cámara [I'm a camera, too] (17)
 Más fotoperiodismo hoy [More photojournalism today] (19)
 Material sensible [Sensitive material] (24)

Cinema and television:
 Apropiaciones [Appropriations] (9)
 El museo de los accidentes [The museum of accidents] (10)
 El cine en casa [Home cinema] (20)
 Videocracia. Ficción y Política [Videocracy. Fiction and politics] (25)
 Asuntos domésticos [Domestic affairs] (28)
 Pioneras del cine [Pioneering women in the cinema] (38)

Third culture. Science and art:
 Ética [Ethics] (7)
 Now #1 (15)
 Now #2 (16)
 ¿Qué nos hace humanos? [What makes us human?] (27)
 Sueños que el dinero puede comprar [Dreams that money can buy] (37)

City and public space:
 Ciudad [City] (3)
 Raval (6)
 Desde mi balcón [From my balcony] (11)
 Europa Ciudad [Europe city] (21)
 En paralelo [In parallel] (28)

Art and culture:
 La música del CCCB [The CCCB's music] (8)
 Coleccionismo [Collecting] (22)
 La memoria externa [External memory] (18)
 No tocar, por favor [Don't touch, please] (31)
 El artista en su taller [The artist in their studio] (32)
 ¿Para qué sirve la cultura? [What is culture for?] (36)

Literature and writers:
 Querido Público [Dear audience] (33)
 La imagen del escritor [The image of the writer] (34)
 Pasolini hoy, todavía en los márgenes [Pasolini today, still on the fringes] (35)

References

External links
 Official website of the programme on cccb.org
 Official website of the programme on rtve.es
 Episodes on Vimeo
 Articles about the programme on the CCCB’s Veus blog

RTVE shows
Spanish reality television series
2011 Spanish television series debuts
Barcelona in popular culture


title: Asher Ben-Natan

text:
Asher Ben-Natan (; February 15, 1921 – June 17, 2014) was an Israeli diplomat and a key figure in the country's defense and diplomacy fields. Ben-Natan led the search for Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann, who was captured in 1960. He became the Director General of the Israeli Ministry of Defense from 1959 until 1965. Ben-Natan then served as the first Israeli Ambassador to Germany (then West Germany) from August 1965 until 1970. Ben-Natan was then appointed as Israel's Ambassador to France from 1970 until his retirement in 1974.

Asher Ben-Natan was born Arthur Piernikartz in Vienna, Austria, on February 15, 1921. His father, Natan Piernikartz, operated a clothing business in the Austrian capital. He attended a Hebrew High School and was a member of the Young Macabbi. His father bought five-acres of land in Mandatory Palestine in 1934 in response to the emergence of Nazi Germany and the growth of Antisemitism. The family drew up plans to flee to Palestine in 1938 following the Anschluss of Austria. Asher Ben-Natan fled Austria first. He boarded a Panamanian-registered ship in Piraeus, Greece, from which he sailed to Palestine. The ship dropped the passengers off at Tantura, where he swam to the beach. He found work at a kibbutz and changed his name to Asher Ben-Natan, honor of his father. His parents and sister arrived in Palestine from Austria a few months after his own arrival. Asher Ben-Natan married his wife Erika in 1940.

In 1978, he unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Tel Aviv.

References

External links

1921 births
2014 deaths
Ambassadors of Israel to Germany
Ambassadors of Israel to France
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to Mandatory Palestine
Germany–Israel relations
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery


title: 2014 PIFL season

text:
The 2014 Professional Indoor Football League season was the third season of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL).  The regular season began March 29, 2014, and ended on June 28, 2014.  Each team played a 12-game schedule.  The top 2 teams in each conference advanced to the playoffs that began on July 5. The final was played July 12, with the Nashville Venom defeating the Lehigh Valley Steelhawks to win their first league championship.

Pre-season
The Harrisburg Stampede joined the league, after playing two seasons in American Indoor Football. The Nashville Venom and the Trenton Freedom joined the league as expansion members. With complications surrounding the Albany Panthers franchise for the 2014 season, the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL) introduced the Fire to replace the Panthers for the 2014 season. With the league running the team, PIFL Executive Director, Jeff Ganos was named the franchise's general manager and Cosmo DeMatteo was named the team's innaurgal head coach on February 27, 2014.

Regular season

Playoffs

Awards
Most Valuable Player - Warren Smith, Trenton Freedom
Offensive Player of the Year - Phillip Barnett, Nashville Venom
Defensive Player of the Year - Devin Jones, Richmond Raiders
Offensive Rookie of the Year - Roger Jackson, Trenton Freedom
Defensive Rookie of the Year - Devin Jones, Richmond Raiders
Special Teams Player of the Year - Dwayne Hollis, Lehigh Valley Steelhawks
Coach of the Year - Billy Back, Nashville Venom

References

2014 Professional Indoor Football League season


title: Argyractis coloralis

text:
Argyractis coloralis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854 and is found in Madagascar and Mauritius.

References

Acentropinae
Moths of Africa
Moths described in 1854


title: Albert Richardson (priest)

text:
Albert Ernest Richardson (born c. 1868) was educated at Oxford High School, London City Technical College and the University of Oxford obtaining a B.A in 1894, M.A. in 1897 and B.D. in 1901.

He initially offered his services as a missionary to the CMS in 1895 but this was deferred. He was ordained as a deacon in 1896 and as a priest in 1897 and between 1896 and 1898 was curate of St Clement's, Ipswich. In 1898 he was accepted as missionary and left for Lagos and then went overland to Tripoli as a member of the pioneer missionary party to Hausaland, Nigeria led by Bishop Herbert Tugwell. In 1902 again offered his services to the CMS and this time was accepted and in 1903 he went to Bombay.

Published works
He is reputed to be the author of The Kneeling Christian which he wrote anonymously.  His other works include:

References

External links
University of Birmingham, Special Collections Department: Papers of Rev A. E. Richardson

1868 births
Year of death missing
20th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British expatriates in India
British expatriates in Nigeria


title: Doory Hall

text:
Doory Hall is an estate and now-ruined historic building in County Longford, Ireland. While some parts of the estate (including a number of its outbuildings) are included on Longford County Council's Record of Protected Structures, the 19th century manor house itself is now a largely empty "shell".

The estate was the home of the Jessop family, for whom the house was extensively remodeled by the architect John Hargrave . Doory Hall was the birthplace of the playwright George H. Jessop (1852–1915).

References

Buildings and structures in County Longford


title: 2010–11 Liga Bet

text:
The 2010–11 Liga Bet season saw Maccabi Sektzia Ma'alot-Tarshiha (champions of the North A division), Maccabi Daliyat al-Karmel (champions of the North B division), Beitar Kfar Saba (champions of the South A division) and Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem (champions of the South B division) winning the title and promotion to Liga Alef.

The clubs ranked 2nd to 5th in each division entered a promotion play-off, at the end of which, in the North section F.C. Givat Olga won against Ironi Sayid Umm al-Fahm from Liga Alef North and, while in the South section, Ortodoxim Lod won against Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda from Liga Alef South. Both club were promoted to Liga Alef.

At the bottom, Hapoel Oranit (from South A division) finished bottom of its division and was automatically relegated to Liga Gimel. Maccabi Kafr Sumei (from North A division), Bnei Jisr az-Zarqa (from North B division) and Ironi Ramla (from South B division) were expelled from the league during the season and had their results nullified.

The clubs ranked 12th to 15th in each division entered a relegation play-off, at the end of which Hapoel Nahariya (from North A division), Hapoel Ar'ara (from North B division), Beitar Petah Tikva (from South A division) and Beitar Giv'at Ze'ev (from South B division) dropped to Liga Gimel as well.

North A Division

Maccabi Kafr Sumei was dismissed from the league and its results were nullified.

North B Division

Bnei Jisr az-Zarqa was dismissed from the league and its results were nullified.

South A Division

South B Division

Ironi Ramla was dismissed from the league and its results were nullified.

Promotion play-offs

North divisions

North A division

Semi-finals

Bnei Kabul and F.C. Ahva Kafr Manda advanced to the North A division promotion play-offs final.

Final

Bnei Kabul advanced to the North regional final.

North B division

Semi-finals

F.C. Givat Olga and Hapoel Migdal HaEmek advanced to the North B division promotion play-offs final.

Final

F.C. Givat Olga advanced to the North regional final.

North Regional final

F.C. Givat Olga advanced to the promotion play-off match against Ironi Sayid Umm al-Fahm from Liga Alef.

Promotion play-off Match

F.C. Givat Olga promoted to Liga Alef; Ironi Sayid Umm al-Fahm relegated to Liga Bet.

South divisions

South A division

Semi-finals

Hapoel Mahane Yehuda and F.C. Kafr Kasim advanced to the South A division promotion play-offs final.

Final

Hapoel Mahane Yehuda advanced to the South regional final.

South B division

Semi-finals

Maccabi Sha'arayim and Ortodoxim Lod advanced to the South B division promotion play-offs final.

Final

Ortodoxim Lod advanced to the South Regional final.

South Regional final

Ortodoxim Lod advanced to the promotion play-off match against Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda from Liga Alef.

Promotion play-off Match

Ortodoxim Lod promoted to Liga Alef; Hapoel Nahlat Yehuda relegated to Liga Bet.

Relegation play-offs

North A division

Semi-finals

Hapoel Bnei Jadeidi and Beitar Nahariya remained in Liga Bet. Ihud Bnei Majd al-Krum and Hapoel Nahariya qualified for the North A division relegation play-off final.

Final

Ihud Bnei Majd al-Krum remained in Liga Bet. Hapoel Nahariya relegated to Liga Gimel.

North B division

Semi-finals

Hapoel Iksal and Maccabi Or Akiva remained in Liga Bet. Maccabi Tirat HaCarmel and Hapoel Ar'ara qualified for the North B division relegation play-off final.

Final

Maccabi Tirat HaCarmel remained in Liga Bet. Hapoel Ar'ara relegated to Liga Gimel.

South A division

Semi-finals

Shikun Vatikim Ramat Gan and Hapoel Pardesiya remained in Liga Bet. Beitar Petah Tikva and Beitar Ramat Gan qualified for the South A division relegation play-off final.

Final

Beitar Ramat Gan remained in Liga Bet. Beitar Petah Tikva relegated to Liga Gimel.

South B division

Semi-finals

Hapoel Mevaseret Zion and F.C. Kiryat Gat remained in Liga Bet. F.C. Dimona and Beitar Giv'at Zeev qualified for the South B division relegation play-off final.

Final

F.C. Dimona remained in Liga Bet. Beitar Giv'at Zeev relegated to Liga Gimel.

References
 The Israel Football Association
 The Israel Football Association
 The Israel Football Association
 The Israel Football Association

Liga Bet seasons
4
Israel


title: Setomaa Tourist Farm

text:
Setomaa Tourist Farm is a tourist farm in Kalatsova village, Setomaa Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
The tourist farm is situated in Mäealodsõ farm. In 1999, the hundred-year-old farm was renovated, first as a summer home, later as a place offering accommodation. There are 32 places. The rooms in log cabins carry Seto names: Mari tarõ, Sootska tarõ, Kullo tarõ, Lapi tarõ etc. Tourist farm offers accommodation, organising of seminars, parties and company events. Visitors can swim in the farm, there are playgrounds, a smoke sauna and a party hall.

References

Setomaa Parish
Tourism in Estonia


title: Joey Torres

text:
Jose "Joey" Torres (born 1958) is an American politician who served as Mayor of Paterson, the third-largest city in New Jersey. Torres served two terms as mayor between 2002 and 2010 and had previously served five terms as a city council member. He was again elected May 13 and was sworn in July 1, 2014. He pled guilty to corruption charges on September 22, 2017, and was forced to step down from his mayoral position. Torres was superseded by Ruby Cotton, the president of the city council, and was replaced by retired city clerk Jane Williams-Warren on October 10, 2017.

Background
Torres is Puerto Rican, born and raised in Paterson. He is the youngest of eight children of Juan Torres, who had migrated to the city in 1949, and Catalina Torres. The family lived in the Christopher Columbus public housing and owned and operated bodega businesses. He is married to Sonia Torres, who ran in a special election to represent of the 2nd Ward of city's council in 2012.

Political office
Torres first won a seat on Paterson's city council in 1990 after having previously run five times. He served on the City Council for five terms. He later became the purchasing agent for the city's housing authority.

Torres first became mayor in 2002, winning the seat from Republican incumbent Martin G. Barnes, and won a re-election bid in 2006. He was defeated in by Jeff Jones in 2010. He became the first Latino mayor of the city, which has a Hispanic-Latino majority. Torres was a member of Mayors Against Illegal Guns (MAIG).

Torres ran for election as an independent in the 2014 mayoral race which took place on May 13, 2014. He won the seat garnering 8,069. votes, in an election in which 22,896, or 30%, of the city's 76,059 registered voters participated. Voting was characterised an unprecedented 2,413 mail-in votes, almost 800 more than the total absentee ballots cast in the previous three elections combined and more than twice as many as in 2010. Torres received 930 of the absentee ballots, 38.5 percent of the total and more than twice as many as any other candidate. The mayor's salary was set at $119,000 per year after approval by the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Torres collected $4,152 more than his salary from July 1 through December 5, 2014 in erroneous payments. He returned much of the erroneous payments after payroll clerks discovered the error and made his final payment after it was exposed in a local newspaper.

In 2015, Torres created the position of "deputy mayor", which are multiple, unofficial and unpaid. Their role is to advise the mayor on various aspects of city planning and to act as liaisons to Paterson's various ethnic communities.

Fines and vacation payments
In 2012, Torres was fined $14,350 by Election Law Enforcement Commission for failing to include information on donors (names, occupations, employers and addresses) to his campaign for election in 2010. In 2017, he was sentenced to 5 years of prison for paying local construction workers to do personal work for him.t

In January 2014, a 26-page report compiled by the city council reviewed payments made to Torres regarding salary payment irregularities. On July 29, 2008, Torres had written a memo to the city's treasurer "requesting a paycheck for ten (10) vacation days from 2007". In March 2014, he returned $2,238 that he received in 2008 from $3,169 he claimed, saying it was a payroll error.

During his last week in office in 2010, Torres received $73,996 lump sum payment claimed for sick leave and vacation time. The city council asked that the funds be returned and questioned whether such a payment was legal or ethical. Torres said he was willing to repay the money only if the New Jersey Attorney General's office or the Passaic County prosecutor's office found wrongdoing.

Bunker Hill SID and Jackson Township administrator
After Torres' defeat in the mayoral election he was appointed business administrator for the municipal government of Jackson Township on Ocean County, New Jersey. Amid criticism that he had abandoned the position to campaign and to take up his role as mayor of Paterson, he resigned on May 30, 2014. Based on his work there, Torres is collecting a $68,000 pension.

He was also appointed director of the Bunker Hill Special Improvement District, a business improvement district and Urban Enterprise Zone, established in 1994 in the Bunker Hill neighborhood, a mostly industrial area in the northwest of city along the Passaic River. In May 2014 Torres said he would discuss resignation from the position after being sworn-in as mayor. After his resignation the position was taken up by his wife Sonia.

Retiree/Employee compensation controversy
As of 2014 Torres receives a full-time annual salary of $119,000 as mayor. He also receives free health coverage as a retiree based on his pension. based on the fact that the New Jersey treasury department approved his retirement and pension. Torres filed his pension application in May, one week after winning the mayoral election, at a time when he was working as business administrator in Jackson Township. The state approved a $68,000 annual pension for Torres that took effect June 1 and was based on 29 years and eight months of cumulative service time in his jobs with Jackson Township, the City of Paterson and the Paterson Housing Authority.
The situation has led to questions about how he can be an employee and retiree of the city at the same time.
In August 2020 Torres requested his health insurance be paid with public funding.

Investigation of misuse of municipal workers, grand jury indictment and conviction
In March 2016 WNBC 4 NY (Channel 4) broadcast surveillance videos obtained from Harry Melber of AHM Investigations, Melber and his son Nicholas of Premier Enterprise Services, LLC. another NJ Private Investigators firm (formed after the investigation of the mayor), were the main investigators on the team who took video and carried out the investigation. The videos showed Paterson municipal employees conducting work at Torres’ personal home and the business of a relative which led to coverage in other press and the start of a state investigation. Salary records show the workers each received considerable overtime payments.

In February 2017, the FBI subpoenaed all records relating to work conducted at Torres' home since 2012.

Torres and three public works supervisors: Joseph Mania, Timothy Hanlon and Imad Mowaswes were indicted on March 7, 2017 on charges of second-degree official misconduct, pattern of official misconduct, third-degree theft by unlawful taking or disposition, tampering with public records or information and fourth-degree falsifying or tampering with records.

Torres was indicted on corruption charges on March 7, 2017. The charges came amid several investigative reports by WNBC 4 NY. The investigation of misuse of municipal workers began with broadcast surveillance videos taken by private investigations firm AHM Investigations LLC. Torres turned himself in to New Jersey State Police in Totowa on March 13, 2017.

Torres was arraigned on the charges on April 17, 2017. He pleaded not guilty to the charges in Hudson County Superior Court. He was offered a plea bargain deal. He was later convicted & sentenced.

He pleaded guilty to corruption charges on September 22, 2017 and was forced to step down from his mayoral position.

See also
 Mayors of Paterson, New Jersey
 Luis A. Quintana, the first Latino mayor of Newark
 Jerry Speziale, an appointee
 Joey Torres, elected official

References

External links
NJ Private Investigators

American politicians of Puerto Rican descent
Living people
Mayors of Paterson, New Jersey
New Jersey city council members
New Jersey Democrats
Puerto Rican people in New Jersey politics
1950s births
21st-century American politicians
New Jersey politicians convicted of corruption
New Jersey politicians convicted of crimes
Hispanic and Latino American mayors in New Jersey


title: Black-and-white monarch

text:
Black-and-white monarch may refer to:

 Hooded monarch, a species of bird found in New Guinea
 Solomons monarch, a species of bird endemic to the Solomon Islands

Birds by common name


title: Men in Love (film)

text:
Men in Love is a 2010 direct-to-video Nigerian drama film directed by Moses Ebere and starring Tonto Dike, John Dumelo and Halima Abubakar. The film tells a story of how a couple experiencing troubles in their marriage has their situation worsened when a cursed homosexual friend visits them.

The film is in two parts. The first part tells a story of how a previously promiscuous husband (Charles) became the love interest of his obsessive homosexual friend (Alex). Further, it establishes that despite his refusing the advances of his gay friend, Alex persisted and eventually raped his friend. The second part of the film explored what led to the homosexuality.

Plot
Charles (John Dumelo) and Whitney (Tonto Dike) are a young couple with kids. However, their marriage is blurred by the frequent extra-marital affairs by Charles. After being caught in the act with his secretary, Whitney decided to call it quits. Despite conflicting advice from her friends,
Flora (Halima Abubakar) and Rina, she eventually accepted an apology from her husband for the utmost time. As a way of rejuvenating their marriage, Charles and Whitney decided to go on a vacation. At the hotel, they walked into one of Charles past lovers, which got Whitney irritated. Charles encountered his friend from University of Ibadan, Alex (Muna Obiekwe) who resolved the issue after some personal conversation with Whitney.

After the vacation, Alex took Charles out for lunch and he began discussing with Charles on the benefits of being gay or bi as a man and countered the religious sentiment of Charles on homosexuality. He ended the conversation by opening up to him that he's attracted to men. He continued making
sexual advances towards Charles, who got uncomfortable by the provocative text, calls and touch. When it became clear that Charles wouldn't reciprocate his advances, Alex tricked Charles into believing he will remain just a friend and got him to attend his birthday party, where Alex drugged and raped him. The part one (75 minutes) ends after Charles woke up the next day and angrily left Alex's house, after assaulting him in annoyance, on discovery that he had forcefully had his way on him.

Cast
 Tonto Dikeh as Whitney
 John Dumelo as Charles
 Muna Obiekwe as Alex
 Halima Abubakar as Flora
 Becky Ogbuefi as Pastor
 Promise Amadi as Bobby
 Ndu Ugochukwu as Cain
 Queen Okoro as Tasha
 Beckky Ogbuefi as Pastor
 Nora Ugo as Barrister
 Tetete as Bishop Duruzor

Reception
Nollywood Reinvented gave it a 2.5 out of 5 rating and concluded that "Interestingly enough, this story is not really as controversial as it was hyped up to be. It in no way addresses the issue of homosexuality in the modern African society.".

Controversies
Following the criticism that followed with his casting in the film, John Dumelo released a statement where he explained that the major reason why he accepted to act in the film "...was just to create awareness that people who are actually gay most likely are under demonic spells." In another interview he stated that he loves women and will never be gay but does not regret taking the role in the film.

See also
 List of Nigerian films of 2010

References

External links
Men in Love on Nollywood Reinvented

Nigerian LGBT-related films
2010 direct-to-video films
2010 films
2010 drama films
Nigerian drama films
Films about rape
2010s English-language films
English-language Nigerian films
LGBT-related controversies in film
Casting controversies in film


title: List of BPMN 2.0 engines

text:
This is a list of notable Business Process Model and Notation 2.0 (BPMN 2.0) Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs).

List of BPMN 2.0 engines

See also

 Comparison of Business Process Modeling Notation tools
 List of BPEL engines

Notes

References

BPMN 2.0 engines
Middleware
BPMN


title: Marinova dolostone quarry

text:
Marinova dolostone quarry is a quarry in a mineral deposit situated on a dolostone deposit of Pskov formation with a thickness of about ten metres in Võru County, Meremäe rural municipality in Estonia. Marinova quarry is mining and crushing construction dolomite.

The area contains mostly Upper Devonian series clastic rocks. Carbonate rocks in south-east Estonia and carbonate rock outcrops are very rare in that area. The outcrops can be seen in Mõniste parish on the bank outcrops of Peetri River and on a small bench north of Meremäe village. The rock outcrops from the same formation are situated in Meremäe rural municipality, in the old limestone quarry of Tiirhanna and Marinova dolostone quarry. According to the geological studies of Marinova mineral deposit, the upper half of the roughly ten metre thick dolostone deposit of Pskov formation is heavily crushed and karstified. The dolostone bed mined in the quarry is up to ten metres thick, half of which is above groundwater level, half of it below. The groundwater is not pumped out of the quarry and the rock below groundwater is mined by underwater explosion. The dolostone above groundwater level is characterised by strong crushing and the crumbling of the upper part of the deposit. Dolostone settled below groundwater level is less crushed.

There are karst caves roughly one metre high and wide in the limestone deposit. In the southern end of the quarry, one can observe many local bends in the walls of the quarry, which can be associated with the sag of rock layers above the karst caves. The nearby Belka River valley has aided the water running between the cracked rocks and therefore, the formation of extensive karst phenomena. There are numerous springs on the west slope of the valley that feed from the water traversing Marinova quarry dolostones. At the same time, it is not quite certain as to why the upper part of dolostones is that much cracked in the Marinova quarry area. The tectonic processes could have had a crushing influence on the open dolostones in the Marinova quarry.

References

Dolomite formations
Karst caves
Landforms of Võru County
Setomaa Parish
Mines in Estonia


title: Isabel Tisdall

text:
Isabel Tisdall (née Gallegos, 19 November 1911 – 27 July 2007) was a British-based textile designer, who influenced domestic and commercial interior design through Tamesa Fabrics, which she founded in 1964, and via her work with Edinburgh Weavers from the mid 1950s. Prior to that, she had a successful career as a fashion stylist, including a period as fashion editor of Vogue.

Early life and career
The daughter of a British mother and Spanish artist father, Isabel Gallegos was born and educated in Rome. Her career began in the late 1930s as a stylist at Elizabeth Arden's London salon. She was then headhunted to work at Vogue, which she did throughout the war. In 1941, she married Hans Tisdall (born Hans Aufseeser), a textile designer and German émigré who had been working in Britain since the 1930s. During her tenure at Vogue, Tisdall is said to have spotted the talent of photographer Norman Parkinson, also championing the photojournalism of Lee Miller and becoming a friend and supporter of Cecil Beaton. She spent some time at Harper's magazine in London, before returning to UK Vogue as fashion editor.

Move into textiles
In the mid 1950s, Alastair Morton of Edinburgh Weavers asked for Tisdall's help in rebranding the company. This she did over the succeeding seven years by producing striking publicity brochures and recruiting a series of notable designers, including sculptors Elisabeth Frink and Marino Marini, abstract painters William Scott and Keith Vaughan and op art pioneer Victor Vasarely.

Foundation of Tamesa Fabrics
Tisdall founded Tamesa Fabrics in 1964, enlisting Marianne Straub – then combining a role at Warner & Sons of Braintree with teaching at Central School of Art and Design – to design most of the woven fabrics alongside Frank Davies. While prints were included (many designed by her husband Hans Tisdall), the core focus was on texture.

Initially operating from a tiny showroom near Sloane Square and later moving to a customised showroom in World's End, Tisdall had spotted a niche since most woven fabrics at that time were being imported. With the initial collection offered in natural and restrained colours and in fabrics such as silk, cotton, wool and rayon, she designed the range specifically to appeal to the contract and commercial market. Fabrics were woven by Warner & Sons and Tamesa had the flexibility to create short runs, custom die to specific briefs and add fireproofing and other protective coatings to fabric. A 1968 article in Design, the Design Council's journal, said: "For years, interest in textiles has been concentrated on printed designs. The work of Tamesa Fabrics has changed all that, giving woven fabrics a standing". In Twentieth Century Pattern Design, Lesley Jackson notes that Tamesa: "made a point of offering an alternative to the prevailing Pop styles".

The company's work was quickly championed by architects, with the first major order coming from Howard Kenton and further orders from the Design Research Unit, an influential consultancy headed by Milner Gray and Misha Black. Tamesa focused on commercial work, with early projects including fabrics for Queen Elizabeth Hall, the British Embassy in Paris, the QE2 and BEA's Trident aircraft. Fabric commissions also came from the new universities, including University of York and University of East Anglia. Overseas sales were strong, including a notably large order of  of jacquard fabric for a Jordanian youth and sports organisation.

Tisdall began including the work of furniture designers, including John Makepeace, in her showroom, also exclusively importing Korean warp printed silks. By 1968, she had begun some manufacturing in Europe (this was to avoid Common Market tariffs in place in the 1960s), and in 1976, she established a branch of Tamesa in Brussels.

Tisdall continued working with Tamesa Fabrics until the age of 74, selling the company to Osborne & Little in 1985.

References

External links
Talesa fabrics in The Queen's Room of the QE2, from Design, 1969

English people of Spanish descent
British textile artists
1911 births
2007 deaths
English women in business
British women journalists
British magazine editors
Fashion editors
Vogue (magazine) people
Fashion stylists
Women textile artists
Women magazine editors
20th-century English businesspeople
British expatriates in Italy


title: Charles Noden George House

text:
The Charles Noden George House is a historic house in rural Graham County, North Carolina.  It is located on the south side of a private road,  west of SR 1200 and  north of United States Route 129, near Tulula Creek.  It is a single-pen log structure built c. 1853, which faces east at the top of a  pasture and overgrown orchard.  The logs are poplar, and are joined by half-dovetail notches.  A fieldstone chimney rises from the uphill side of the structure, and there is a kitchen ell and a wraparound porch on the south and west sides, added c. 1900.  It was built by a veteran of the War of 1812 during the second major wave of development in western North Carolina.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Graham County, North Carolina

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1853
Houses in Graham County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Graham County, North Carolina


title: List of Hindi films of 1938

text:
A list of films produced by the Bollywood film industry based in Mumbai in 1938:

1938
Some of the noteworthy films of 1938:

Street Singer is considered as an "all time classic" from New Theatres Calcutta. The film starred K. L. Saigal, Kanan Devi, Jagdish Sethi and Bikram Kapoor with music by R. C. Boral. Directed by Prafulla Ghosh, the film established Kanan Devi's popularity and her 'melody queen' status. It is also ranked as one of  Saigal's greatest hits, where his rendition of Wajid Ali Shah's bhairavi thumri "Babul Mora Naihar Chhooto Jaye" is considered a classic.
Dharti Mata directed by Nitin Bose for New Theatres, was a social film with a romantic component. The film starred K. L. Saigal, Uma Shashi, Kamlesh Kumari and Jagdish Sethi. It was a bilingual made in Bengali (Desher Maate) (1938) and Hindi at the same time. The film had the classic song, "Duniya Rang Rangili  Baba". It was made against the backdrop of the rural (agriculture) and urban (technology) debate and highlighted the need of technology and new concepts for effective farming.
Gopal Krishna was a remake of Prabhat Film Company's first silent film Gopal Krishna (1929). The film was made in Hindi and Marathi simultaneously. Directed by Sheikh Fattelal and V. G. Damle, it starred Ram Marathe, Shanta Apte, Ganpatrao, and Parshuram. The music was by Master Krishnarao. Made during the pre-independent India era, the story based on the young Lord Krishna is less mythology and more about a social awareness for change against the British regime. The film was a big success and appreciated for its music and sets.

A-B

C-F

G-J

K-M

N-P

R-S

T-Z

References

External links
asc&title_type=feature&year=1938 Bollywood films of 1938 at the IMDb

1938
Bollywood
Films, Bollywood


title: Bürenbruch

text:
Bürenbruch is a part of Ergste, a district of Schwerte. It lies south of the Ruhr near Sauerland and is mainly used for silviculture and agriculture. At 2012 Bürenbruch had a population of 243 inhabitants.

Geology
In Bürenbruch are a few streams, for example the Lollenbach and the Wannebach.

History
Before 1975, Bürenbruch belongs to the county Iserlohn (Kreis Iserlohn).

A street of Bürenbruch, the Michaelisweg, is a historical path through which in earlier centuries the tithe on Michaelmas Day (September 29) was placed in the form of agricultural products from the fief to the castle Hohen Limburg of Hagen-Hohenlimburg.

The former evangelical, single-class school in Bürenbruch, was named Reingsen zu Bürenbruch, because the previous school was in Reingsen, another part of Ergste. The school was built in Bürenbruch in 1855. It was closed in 1967 and is now privately owned.

References

External links
 openstreetmap

Unna (district)
Geography of North Rhine-Westphalia


title: Piusa Ancient Valley Holiday Complex

text:
Piusa Ancient Valley Holiday Complex is a tourism farm in Setomaa Parish, Võru County in Piusa River ancient valley in southeastern Estonia.

History
Piusa Ancient Valley Holiday Complex is situated in the former place of Väiko-Härma mill. Väiko-Härma mill was established by Aleksander Laanberg (later changed to Laanemäe through Estonianization) around the 1930s, he attained the building site on the right bank of the river. He made a contract with Voldemar Vider, the owner of the left bank to use the bank, by paying 20 poods of rye a year. The mill had two sets of stones. One set of stones was able to grind 300-400 kilos of dry grains in an hour. Besides milling, the following services were provided: spalting -  that kept the roofs in the neighbourhood in order, a circular saw made it able to manufacture shingles and fence rails, a planer was used for making smaller woodwork. The mill lake had pikes, perches, burbots, roaches, brown trouts and crayfish in it. In 1963, the mill belonged to “Võidu” sovkhoz, the miller was Kusta Klaas, who, as a knowledgeable expert, fixed up the mill. The mill ran until 1972. In 1946, a new house was built near the mill (the current holiday house), where Laanemäe family lived until 1961.  After that the building was empty.

Today
After the farm had been inherited and given away several times, it eventually made it to Laanemäe’s son Koit. The holiday house of today was renovated in 1999. Visitors have been accepted to this building since the year 2000. Piusa Ancient Valley Holiday Complex is managed by OÜ NAXOS. The holiday house has 4 bedrooms, altogether 9 places. There is WiFi in the building and in its precinct. A sauna built in the old smithy is located right by the river. Visitors can also stay in a renovated granary with 6 places. The smoke sauna is a little further from the accommodation and makes up a small complex of its own together with a fireplace and camping sites. The smoke sauna is a building made of manually hacked beams and with a turf roof. Visitors can also stay in camping log houses.

Additional information
The 15 kilometre hiking trail in the primeval valley of the Piusa River leads by the holiday house. The nearby forests are known for their abundance of berries and mushrooms.

References

External links

Setomaa Parish


title: 2014 Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix

text:
The 2014 Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix was the tenth round of the 2014 MotoGP season. It was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis on 10 August 2014.

Classification

MotoGP

Moto2
The first attempt to run the race was interrupted following an incident involving Randy Krummenacher, Mattia Pasini, Azlan Shah and Anthony West. For the restart, the race distance was reduced from 25 to 16 laps.

Moto3

Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round ten has concluded.

Riders' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

Indianapolis
Indianapolis Motorcycle Grand Prix
Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix
Indy
Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix


The 2014–15 Temple Owls women's basketball team will represent Temple University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The season marks the second for the Owls as members of the American Athletic Conference. The team, coached by head coach Tonya Cardoza in her seventh season, plays their home games at McGonigle Hall with four games at the Liacouras Center. They finished the season 20–17, 12–6 in AAC play to finish in a tie for third place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the American Athletic women's tournament to East Carolina. They were invited to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Marist, Penn and NC State in the first, second and third rounds, Middle Tennessee in the quarterfinals before losing to West Virginia in the semifinals.

Media
All Owls home games will have video streaming on Owls TV, ESPN3, or AAC Digital. Road games will typically be streamed on the opponents website, though conference road games could also appear on ESPN3 or AAC Digital. There are no radio broadcasts for Owls women's basketball games. You can listen to audio of most games through the opponents website.

Roster

Schedule and results

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!colspan=12 style="background:#DC143C; color:#FFFFFF;"|Regular Season

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!colspan=12 style="background:#9D1A33;"| 2015 AAC Tournament

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!colspan=12 style="background:#9D1A33;"|WNIT

See also
2014–15 Temple Owls men's basketball team

References

Temple
Temple Owls women's basketball seasons
2015 Women's National Invitation Tournament participants
Temple
Temple


title: Wanq'uri

text:
Wanq'uri (Aymara wanq'u guinea pig, -ri a suffix, Hispanicized spelling Huancure) is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about  high. It lies in the Puno Region, El Collao Province, Capazo District. Wanq'uri is situated southeast of the mountain Sura Wiqu and northeast of the mountains Tuma Tumani and Ch'ila (Chila).

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Puno Region


title: Man Called Amen

text:
Man Called Amen (, also known as They Called Him Amen and Therefore It Is) is a 1972 Italian Spaghetti Western comedy film directed by Alfio Caltabiano. The film was a box office success and generated an immediate sequel, They Still Call Me Amen (Mamma mia è arrivato così sia).

Cast

 Luc Merenda: Amen
 Sydne Rome: Dorothy
 Alfio Caltabiano: Reverend Smith
 Míla Beran: Grandpa
 Tano Cimarosa: Chako
 Renato Cestiè:  John
 Dante Maggio: Professor
 Furio Meniconi: Sheriff

References

External links

1972 films
Spaghetti Western films
1970s Western (genre) comedy films
Films with screenplays by Dario Argento
1972 comedy films
1970s Italian films


title: Diana Gordon discography

text:
American singer-songwriter Diana Gordon has released one studio album, five extended plays, seventeen singles, six promotional singles, nineteen music videos and thirteen other appearances. She began as a writer for other artists, later signing with Atlantic Records where she began working on an album while continuing to write songs for other acts and providing vocals on songs. She released her debut single, "Dirty Talk", on February 17, 2010. It achieved success worldwide, reaching number one on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and the US Dance Club Songs chart. Her debut album With the Music I Die was released in 2011, and although not managing to chart worldwide, it reached number 25 on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, and produced three further singles.

In 2012, although still signed to Atlantic Records, Gordon decide to self-release a collection of EPs. The lead single from the first EP, "Stimela", was released on June 20, 2012. The first EP, Human Condition: Doleo was released on July 9, 2012. The second EP, Human Condition: Sanguine, was released on January 15, 2013.

In early 2014, Gordon formed a five-piece band called The Righteous Young, of which she is the lead singer. However, Gordon clarified in a Q&A on Facebook that The Righteous young does not mean the end of Wynter Gordon as an act, but is rather an extension of her own music. She released her first single with The Righteous Young, "Everything Burns", on June 3, 2014. The music video, directed by Harrison Boyce, was exclusively released on Idolator and Vevo on the same day.

On July 22, 2016, Gordon announced that she was no longer using the stage name Wynter Gordon. Instead, she will be going by her birth name, Diana. On July 25 Diana Gordon shared her first single under her own name, "The Legend Of".

Albums

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Other appearances

Writing credits
The following songs have been written by Wynter Gordon, but do not include her as a lead or featured vocal artist.

Music videos

References

Discographies of American artists
Pop music discographies
Electronic music discographies
Rhythm and blues discographies


title: Liam Hayes (Gaelic footballer)

text:
Liam Hayes is an Irish former sportsperson. He played Gaelic football for his local club Skryne and was a senior member of the Meath county team in the 1980s and 1990s.

- 'Out of Our Skins' author, published 1992, recounting his time as a key member of the Meath Gaelic football team of the late 80s, early 90s and his upbringing in Skryne County Meath. The book also recounts the suicide of his older brother Gerard, in harrowing yet sensitive detail.

References

External links
Legends Interview Part 1
Legends Interview Part 2

Living people
Meath inter-county Gaelic footballers
The Sunday Press people
Winners of two All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Penbanc

text:
Penbanc is a 19th-century thatched Pembrokeshire longhouse (tŷ hir in Welsh) about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) northwest of the hamlet of Brynberian in the Preseli Hills area of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in Pembrokeshire, West Wales. It is designated by Cadw as a Grade II listed building.

Construction
The cottage is a single storey building of rubble stone walls with larger quoin stones. The walls are colourwashed and the roof is thatched. The thatch was covered with a corrugated tin roof until the cottage was restored in 2013 and the roof re-thatched.  The interior has rough A-frame trusses formed from rounded timbers with pegged joints. Rough purlins support the roof thatch. The A-frames and purlins are now exposed but originally there would have been a boarded loft. According to Cadw, originally the thatch straw was probably laid over an underthatch of gorse over a layer of straw rope. When re-thatched, a base coat of slates was tied on with handmade straw rope then laid over with a thatch of combed wheat and drum thrashed landrace long straw.

History
Penbanc is thought to have been built in the mid 19th century as a workers' dwelling. Later that century, a cowshed was added to the side and the internal structure was altered. Under private ownership, the property is now used as a holiday cottage. The cowshed has been incorporated into the accommodation.

References

Grade II listed buildings in Pembrokeshire


title: Bhutan Premier League

text:
The Bhutan Premier League, currently known as the Bank of Bhutan Premier League due to sponsorship reasons, is the men's highest division of professional football in Bhutan. It also provides Bhutan's entrant for continental competition, the AFC Cup.

Format
The Bhutan Premier League operates as the highest level of football in Bhutan. Competing teams in the league play each other twice on a home and away basis. Previously, when the A-Division was the country's top league, all matches were played at Changlimithang, the country's national stadium, making home and away distinctions essentially moot. Whilst the Thimphu-based teams still play their matches at that ground, the regional teams maintain their own stadiums, so that genuine home and away fixtures now take place.

History
League competition in Bhutan got off to a slow start. Although a full ten-team league was set up in 1986, there seems to have been little or no organised football for the next ten years. Between 1996 and 2000 there was some form of organised football, but it is not clear the extent to which this involved teams from outside of Thimphu.

Some form of football whereby national champions were crowned was played between 1996 and 2000, but it was only in 2001 that the A-Division was created.

In 2001, the A-Division was created as a football competition for teams in Thimphu and was the premier league in the country, supplying the Bhutanese representative to the AFC President's Cup. The first season of the A-Division essentially took the form of a national competition, closely mirroring the current format of the National League. A qualifying tournament was held for teams from Thimphu (in which a team from Paro also competed), from which the top teams progressed to Super League, which also included teams from Samtse and Gomtu, and would have included teams from Phuentsholing and Chukha, had they not withdrawn.

However, this was the last time for over a decade that teams from outside of Thimphu would be involved in football at the highest level in Bhutan. In 2011 the A-Division was played only as a single round-robin set of matches in anticipation of the establishment of a true national league.

This did not occur though and it was only in 2012 that the inaugural competition took place, a six team league consisting of the top three teams from that season's A-Division representing Thimphu, namely Drukpol, Yeedzin and Zimdra, together with Phuentsholing (representing Chukha District), Samtse (representing Samtse District) and Ugyen Academy (representing Punakha District). The inaugural league commenced having signed a three-year sponsorship deal with Coca-Cola worth Nu 3 million in total, along with further sponsorship from Tashi Beverages, Druk Air, Zimdra Food and Samden Group, with the aim ultimately to have a football team playing in the National League from each of the 20 Dzongkhags according to the Bhutan Football Federation. Thimphu dominance of Bhutanese football continued initially, with Yeedzin winning the first National League title. Along with the title, they received Nu 400,000 in prize money, with second-place Drukpol receiving Nu 200,000 and Ugyen Academy Nu 100,000 for their third-place finish.

However, teams from outside the capital city soon proved that they could compete with those who had considerably more top flight experience the following season, as Ugyen Academy became the first non-Thimphu team to take the title, and with it the Nu 400,000 in prize money, with second and third place teams Yeedzin and Thimphu City taking Nu 200,000 and Nu 100,000 respectively. The number of teams based outside of Thimphu decreased in 2013 following the withdrawal of Samtse, a situation which continued in 2014 following the withdrawal of Phuentsholing as well, although they were replaced by Bhutan Clearing, competing for the first time in the National League. In an attempt to attract more non-Thimphu teams into the competition, the federation increased the prize money from Nu 400,000 to 700,000 for the winners. The runners-up were given Nu 400,000, increased by 200,000 from the previous year, and the third-placed team was awarded Nu 200,000. No AFC President's Cup place was awarded to the team finishing in first place this season, because the 2014 edition was the final edition held.

In 2019, structural changes took place in the league system and the competitions were rebranded. The top tier was renamed as the Bhutan Premier League, and the qualifying competition as the Bhutan Super League. The Super League ceased after the 2020 season and was replaced by the qualifying tournament for the Premier League.

2023 teams
BFF Academy U-19
Druk Lhayul
Namlha
Paro
Royal Thimphu College FC
Tensung
Thimphu City
Thimphu Raven
Transport United
Ugyen Academy

List of winners

Performances by club

Media coverage
Prior to the start of the 2023 season, the Bhutan Premier League was broadcast by Eleven Sports, with selected matches also broadcast by Bhutan Broadcasting Service. As of 2023, the league is broadcast live on FIFA+, and also locally (limited to Thimphu only) on Norling and Etho Metho cable services.

See also
 Jigme Dorji Wangchuk Memorial Gold Cup

References

Football leagues in Bhutan
Top level football leagues in Asia
Sports leagues established in 2012
2012 establishments in Bhutan


title: Already Over

text:
"Already Over" is the sixth and final single by the American Christian rock band Red on their debut full-length studio album End of Silence. The song was written by Rob Graves, Jasen Rauch and Jason McArthur. The song was released on February 8, 2008 for radio airplay and review. The song appears on WOW Hits 2009.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

References

Red (American band) songs
2006 songs
Essential Records (Christian) singles
Songs written by Jasen Rauch
Songs written by Rob Graves
Songs written by Jason McArthur


title: Sula Reef

text:
The Sula Reef () is a deep-water coral reef off the coast of Trøndelag, Norway. It is located on the Sula Ridge, named after the island of Sula. The reef is generated by the coral Lophelia pertusa. It has a length of about , and is  wide. The thickness of the reef is up to . Until the discovery of the Røst Reef in 2002, the Sula Reef was the world's largest known Lophelia reef. The Sula Reef is closed to trawling.

References

Landforms of Trøndelag
Coral reefs
Reefs of the Atlantic Ocean
Reefs of Norway


title: Plainfield Town Hall

text:
Plainfield Town Hall is one of two town halls in Plainfield, New Hampshire.  This town hall stands on New Hampshire Route 12A, north of its junction with Daniels Road.  Built in 1846 using timber from an earlier town hall, it is a good example of vernacular Greek Revival architecture.  It is further notable for the artwork on its stage backdrop, executed by Maxfield Parrish.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Description and history
Plainfield Town Hall is located in the village center of Plainfield, on the east side of NH 12A.  It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior.  The main facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by what appear to be tall sash windows, but are in fact 20-light fixed sashes topped by blinds.  The left window is itself flanked by high-set smaller sash windows.

The building was built in three phases, the first occurring in 1846, when the Greek Revival main block, a simple rectangular wood-frame structure with wooden clapboards, was built.  In 1916 an addition was made to the rear of the building, increasing its size by about 1/3, in which a stage and theatrical facilities were added.  This section is particularly notable for the stage backdrop and wings, which are one of only three known examples of such work decorated by the artist Maxfield Parrish, a resident of Plainfield and a participant in the nearby Cornish Art Colony.  A shed addition was later added to the rear of the building.

Governance of Plainfield has traditionally been divided between Plainfield Village and Meriden, where a second 19th-century town hall stands.

The band Okkervil River used the stage as the set of their lyric video for the song "It Was My Season."

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Greek Revival architecture in New Hampshire
Buildings and structures completed in 1846
Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
City and town halls in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Plainfield, New Hampshire


title: Rise Up (conference)

text:
Rise Up is an annual conference run by Catholic Christian Outreach. It is the second-largest Catholic conference for youth in Canada (behind Steubenville Toronto), and drew 1300 participants to the 2019 five-day conference in Toronto. In 2018, the conference attracted delegates from 79 of Canada's 96 universities.

Rise Up takes place every year from December 27 to January 1. It includes presentations, workshops, live worship, adoration, reconciliation, and a New Year's banquet and dance. It is designed to deepen students' spiritual lives and to motivate them to share the faith with others.

Locations

Rise Up takes place in a different Canadian city each year.

References

Annual events in Canada
December events
Christian conferences
Youth conferences


title: Herbert S. Terrace

text:
Herbert S. Terrace (born 29 November 1936) is a professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Columbia University. His work covers a broad set of research interests that include behaviorism, animal cognition, ape language and the evolution of language. He is the author of  Nim: A Chimpanzee Who Learned Sign Language (1979) and Why Chimpanzees Can't Learn Language and Only Humans Can (2019). Terrace has made important contributions to comparative psychology, many of which have important implications for human psychology. These include discrimination learning, ape language, the evolution of language,<ref name="2017 Beginning">{{Cite journal|title= In the beginning: A review of Robert C. Berwick and Noam Chomsky's Why Only Us.|last1= Studdert-Kennedy|first1=M.|last2= Terrace|first2=H. S.|journal=Journal of Language Evolution|year= 2017|volume=2|issue= 2|pages=114–125|doi= 10.1093/jole/lzx005|pmid= 31467686|pmc= 6715309}}</ref> and animal cognition.

 Background
 Early life
Terrace was born and raised in Brooklyn as the youngest child of two Polish immigrants. He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York. His interest in science was instilled by an older sister, Dr. Dorothy Krieger, who won a Lasker Award for her research in endocrinology.

 Education
Terrace obtained a Bachelor of Arts in psychology (1957) and a Master of Arts in Experimental Psychology (1958) from Cornell University, where he was a Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Fellow (1957–1958). His mentor during graduate studies was Julian Hochberg. He obtained his PhD in psychology (1961) from Harvard University, where his mentor was B. F. Skinner. At Harvard, he was a USPHS Pre-Doctoral Fellow (1959–1961)

 Contributions to psychological theory
 Discrimination learning
Learning by trial and error is a basic feature of conditioning theory. For his doctoral dissertation, Terrace showed that it was possible to train a discrimination without any errors. He did this with pigeons who learned to discriminate two narrowly spaced stimuli by starting with a large distance between the discriminative stimuli that was gradually reduced. When a discrimination is trained with errors, subjects exhibit frustration. Such aversive effects are absent when a discrimination is trained without errors. Skinner cited a similar difference in the case of the teaching machine, a device he invented to train human subjects to learn different types of technical material. The teaching machine introduces a new topic with simple questions that are gradually made more difficult. Subjects who learn with few or no errors do not exhibit the frustration they would have experienced had they learned by trial and error.

 Ape language and the evolution of language
Terrace joined other leading behaviorists challenging Noam Chomsky's theory that only humans can learn language and grammar. With Project Nim, he attempted to teach a chimpanzee (Nim Chimpsky), to learn American Sign Language (ASL). Sign language was used because of the physical limitations of a chimpanzee's vocal apparatus. Nim's vocabulary grew steadily and he began to combine signs. However, analyses of videotapes of Nim signing with his teachers showed that most of his signs were cued by a teacher's prompts.

Terrace concluded that the only reason Nim (and other chimpanzees) signed was to obtain rewards. Were it not for his teacher, Nim would try to grab a reward directly. When that failed, Nim's only alternative was to sign. Anticipating his signing, Nim's teachers unwittingly made one or more appropriate signs, about a quarter of a second before he signed. Terrace also showed that prompting explained the signing of other chimpanzees who were trained to use ASL.

Because chimpanzees only signed to obtain rewards, their signing was, by definition, limited to the imperative function of words. That differs fundamentally from its declarative function, which is to name objects conversationally. Imperatives are a minuscule portion of human vocabulary. If human communication were limited to imperatives, language would have never evolved. Initially, Terrace hoped that combinations of a chimpanzee's signs would provide evidence that it could create a sentence. What Project Nim showed, however, is that a chimpanzee cannot even use signs declaratively. Until a chimpanzee can learn words, he concluded that it's pointless to ask if it can create a sentence.

The negative results of Project Nim posed two questions: why can a chimpanzee not learn language, words in particular, and which of our ancestors was the first species to use words? To answer the first question, Terrace cited recent discoveries by developmental psychologists who showed that infants experience two non-verbal relations with their caretakers, intersubjectivity and joint attention, before they learn to name objects. He argued that the absence of those precursors in chimpanzees is the best explanation for their failure to learn words.

To answer the second question, Terrace integrated hypotheses by an anthropologist and a linguist who suggested that the caloric requirements of Homo erectus’'' large brain was the motivation for their invention of words. Meat was the most efficient way to get those calories. Because Homo erectus could not hunt, they had to scavenge large animals. That required a group effort, in which a scout had to inform members of his group about the location of a dead animal they could not see. Because it required displaced reference, such communication was assumed to be the occasion for the first use of words.

Although Project Nim confirmed Chomsky's view that language is uniquely human, it showed that the use of grammar was not sufficient to distinguish language from animal communication. The use of words, specifically, the ability to name objects, was also necessary. Chomsky argued that grammar was the result of a recent mutation and that the origin of words remained a mystery. Terrace argued that language originated with words, which are as different from the signals that animals use to communicate as words are from grammar. Unlike Chomsky, who argued that language was the result of a mutation, Terrace argued that words could be explained by natural selection.

Terrace's research in Project Nim has been criticized for its research methodology and the various ethical concerns raised by treating Nim "like a human child for the first decade of his life." Following the project's conclusion, Nim was effectively abandoned by Terrace, who visited the chimpanzee only once in spite of Nim's sale to a new facility, and his documented difficulties adapting to his new environment.

Animal cognition
Although chimpanzees cannot learn language, there is evidence that their behavior, and that of other animals, is more intelligent than behavior that could result from conditioning. Since Descartes, it has been generally accepted that animals cannot think because they do not have language. To explain intelligent behavior in animals without language and without the principles of conditioning, Terrace argued that it is necessary to show that they can represent objects, that is, solve a problem in the absence of external cues that can guide their behavior.

Serial learning
The simultaneous training paradigm differs from the traditional successive training paradigm in which subjects execute a sequence by responding to individual stimuli, which appear successively as, for example, learning which way to turn at successive choice points in a maze.

When learning a sequence by the simultaneous training paradigm, monkeys were shown an array of photographs on a touch-sensitive video display. On each trial, the position of the photographs varied randomly. As a result, subjects could not rely on its physical location as an external cue for determining to which photograph it should respond first, second, and so on. Instead, they had to memorize the order of each photograph.

Because the simultaneous training paradigm requires the subject to represent each item's ordinal position, it provides an opportunity to study animal cognition. In the early 80s, Terrace helped organize an international conference on animal cognition at Columbia University that discussed the simultaneous training paradigm and other instances in which animals are able to represent stimuli. Since then, animal cognition has become a dominant area in comparative cognition.

In 1985, Terrace began a primate cognition laboratory in which he studied how monkeys use representations in various serial learning tasks, for example, to respond in the correct order to ascending and descending series of numerically defined stimuli, to acquire serial expertise [the ability to become progressively better at learning arbitrary sequences] and to imitate another monkey's  sequential performance.

Metacognition
Terrace also studied a monkey's ability to think about its own behavior, that is, its ability to engage in metacognition. In humans, metacognition is assessed by asking subjects how certain they are about their knowledge of a particular topic, for example, how well they did on an exam. To assess metacognition in monkeys, Terrace devised a task in which the monkeys had to place a “bet” that was commensurate with their confidence in the accuracy of a response on a cognitive task. Following each response, monkeys learned to select a “high confidence” symbol if their response was correct and a “low confidence” symbol after an error. They did so correctly even when the appearance of the confidence symbols was delayed for as much as 5 sec after a trial ended. This was the first demonstration that a monkey could think about its behavior.

Honors and awards

John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 1969–1970 (University of Sussex, England)
Harry Frank Guggenheim Fellowship 1976–1977 (Columbia University)
All Souls College Fellowship, 1983–1984 (Oxford University)
Fulbright Senior Research Scholar, 1983–1984 (Oxford University)
Election to Society of Experimental Psychologists, 1988
Howard Crosby Warren Medal, Society of Experimental Psychologists, 2004
Lifetime Achievement Award, Comparative Cognition Society, 2009

Grants
Since 1962, Terrace's research has been funded by grants from the NIH, NSF and the James McDonnell Foundation.

References

External links
Terrace biography written by G. Jensen
Primate Cognition Lab
Origin of Words

1936 births
Living people
American psychiatrists
21st-century American psychologists
Animal cognition writers
Columbia University faculty
Cornell University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Stuyvesant High School alumni
20th-century American psychologists


title: Khalif Ahmed Ereg

text:
Mohamed Ali Hared  (, ) is a Somali politician. From July 2014 to January 2015, he served as the Minister of National Security of Somalia.

Personal life
Hared hails from the abdalle hawadle sub-clan of the Hawiye.

Career
Hared previously served as the Banaadir regional security agency chief.

On 9 July 2014, Ereg was appointed Minister of National Security of Somalia by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. He replaced Abdikarim Hussein Guled at the position.

On 27 January 2015, Ereg's term as Minister of National Security of Somalia ended, following the appointment of a new Cabinet by Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. He was succeeded at the position by Abdulkadir Sheikh Dini.

References

Government ministers of Somalia
Living people
1989 births


title: Algeria at the Africa Cup of Nations

text:
Algeria have appeared in the finals of the Africa Cup of Nations on nineteen occasions. The side's first participation was in 1968 in Ethiopia. Algeria has won the cup twice: the first time was when they hosted the tournament in 1990, and they won a second title in the 2019 edition, held in Egypt. Algeria also finished second in the 1980 edition, held in Nigeria, and third in the 1984 and 1988 editions, held in Ivory Coast and Morocco respectively.

Overall record

By match

Goalscorers

* – Own goal

Squads

See also
Algeria at the FIFA World Cup

References

External links
Africa Cup of Nations - Archives competitions - cafonline.com

Algeria national football team
Countries at the Africa Cup of Nations


title: Nord's 20th constituency

text:
The 20th constituency of Nord is a French legislative constituency in the Nord department.

Description

Nord's 20th constituency occupies the areas between the city of Valenciennes and the border with Belgium.

The constituency is a stronghold of the French Communist Party (PCF), and was held by veteran communist Alain Bocquet from 1988 to 2017. It is currently held by PCF National Secretary and 2022 presidential election candidate Fabien Roussel.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

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* LFI dissident

2017

2012

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2007

|-
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2002

|-
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1997

|-
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Sources
Official results of French elections from 1998:

20


title: Prentiss Bridge

text:
The Prentiss Bridge is a historic covered bridge in Langdon, New Hampshire. Built about 1874, it spans Great Brook just east of the modern alignment of Chester Turnpike, which it carried until it was bypassed by a modern bridge in 1955. At  in length, it is the shortest 19th-century covered bridge built for use on a public roadway in New Hampshire that is still standing. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Description and history
The Prentiss Bridge is located in a rural setting in southern Langdon, spanning Great Brook east of Chester Turnpike, about  south of its junction with Lower Cemetery Road. It is a Town lattice truss, 36 feet long and  wide, set on stone abutments. Its exterior is finished in vertical board siding, with a ventilation gap between the siding and the gabled roof.

Bridges are known to have stood on the site since at least 1791, when the town requested a report on a bridge standing here. In 1794, the town appropriated funds to build a bridge near the mill of Jabez Rockwell and John Prentiss. In 1874, the town appropriated $1,000 to replace that structure; the present bridge was presumably built soon afterward. It remained in service on the Chester Turnpike until 1955. It is now open to foot traffic.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
List of New Hampshire covered bridges
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire

References

Covered bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Bridges completed in 1874
Bridges in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Wooden bridges in New Hampshire
Lattice truss bridges in the United States
1874 establishments in New Hampshire


title: BL Telescopii

text:
BL Telescopii is a multiple star in the constellation Telescopium. An Algol-like eclipsing binary, the star system varies between apparent magnitudes 7.09 and 9.08 in just over 778 days (2 years 48 days), which is generally too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. This is mainly due to the system being an eclipsing binary (that is, one star passing in front of the other star and resulting in a change in brightness). The eclipse itself dims the star by two magnitudes and lasts around 104 days.

Dutch astronomer Willem Jacob Luyten noted this star to be variable in 1935. Minima were retrospectively identified in old photographic plates from 1913 and 1919, and then observed by Howarth in 1936. Initially thought to be an R Coronae Borealis variable, its true nature as an eclipsing binary became clear in the 1940s.

The primary component is a yellow supergiant, whose spectral type has been calculated as either F5Iab/b or F4Ib. It is intrinsically variable, varying in brightness by 0.02 magnitude. It has pulsations of two periods, 92.5 days and 64.8 days in length. It has been classified as a UU Herculis variable—a class of yellow supergiant with semiregular variability. These stars are thought to have affinities with Cepheid variables and lie near the instability strip on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. The secondary was identified as an M-type star from TiO (titanium oxide) absorption bands visible during the eclipses.

The BL Telescopii system lies outside the galactic plane and has a high space velocity; it is a runaway star.

References

Telescopium
F-type supergiants
Algol variables
Telescopii, BL
Durchmusterung objects
177300
M-type stars
Runaway stars
093844