title: Johann Breyer

text:
Johann Breyer (May 30, 1925 – July 22, 2014) was a onetime SS-Totenkopfverbände concentration and death camp guard and retired tool and die maker whom the United States Department of Justice Office of Special Investigations (OSI) unsuccessfully attempted to denaturalize and deport for his teenage service in the SS. His was considered the "most arcane and convoluted litigation in OSI history", owing to the convergence of three unusual legal factors in the case:

 the question of whether the inability of American mothers to transmit citizenship to children born outside the U.S. before 1934 was unconstitutional,
 if so, then whether Breyer should be retroactively a U.S. citizen at birth and whether that citizenship was lost by volunteering to participate in SS activities,
 and if so, then whether those activities or a later misrepresentation of his wartime activities to evade U.S. immigration law and enter the U.S. allowed for loss of his later-acquired citizenship, and
 his lawsuits against the media over coverage of the case.

In a series of rulings, federal district courts and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit overall held that Breyer should have been born a U.S. citizen, and that while he had volunteered for SS activity in support of a totalitarian regime and its actions while age 17, there was insufficient evidence of the voluntariness of his activities after reaching age 18 to result in renunciation of that citizenship.

In 2013, Germany issued an arrest warrant accusing him of aiding in killing 216,000 Jews as a guard at Auschwitz. He was arrested at his home in Philadelphia on June 17, 2014, age 89, and held without bail pending an extradition hearing. His health rapidly deteriorated while in custody, and he died on July 22, prior to his hearing.

Background
Breyer was born in 1925 in the ethnic German farming village of Neuwalldorf, Czechoslovakia (now Nová Lesná, Slovakia), to farmer Johann Breyer and his wife Katrina. Katrina Breyer was purported to have born in 1895 in Manayunk, Philadelphia and to have moved with her family to Neuwalldorf while a teenager. (While there was no official record of her birth there and there was conflicting secondary evidence as to the place of her birth, a district court eventually ruled her to have been born in the United States. This issue of her birth in the U.S., and the failure of the Department of Justice to timely investigate and raise the issue of whether it was later lost or automatically renounced before giving birth to Johann Breyer would play a pivotal role in the efforts to deport him.) Johann Breyer attended German school and worked on his parents’ farm.

In 1942, at age 17, Breyer volunteered to enlist in the Waffen SS, and was then placed with the SS's Death's Head Battalion (the SS-Totenkopfverbände), composed of volunteers from the overall SS. He was assigned as a guard at Buchenwald and Auschwitz. He acknowledged serving as an armed guard and escorting prisoners to their work sites and denied any personal role in or witnessing of any atrocities. Soviet troops began to approach Auschwitz in January 1945; Breyer was on home leave at the time and was re-routed to a forward fighting unit until taken prisoner by the Soviet Army in May 1945.

He emigrated to the United States in 1952 under the Displaced Persons Act (DPA). The DPA, in its form at that time, specifically excluded from admission to the United States "any person . . . who is or has been a member of or participated in any movement which is or has been hostile to the United States or the form of government of the United States, or to any person who advocated or assisted in the persecution of any person because of race, religion, or national origin." This would later lead the government to allege the Breyer had engaged in willful misrepresentation or deliberate concealment of his particular World War II activities when he immigrated, in violation of federal law.

Breyer settled in Philadelphia where he raised three children with his wife and worked as a tool and die maker for an engineering company. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1957.

OSI prosecution
The OSI became aware of Breyer when a routine cross-check of Auschwitz guard records with Immigration and Naturalization Service records showed that he had emigrated to the United States. In 1992, the OSI filed a denaturalization action with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania alleging that Breyer was ineligible to enter the U.S. through the DPA since he had assisted in wartime persecution and been part of a movement hostile to the U.S., which he had concealed from the U.S. government in violation of federal law.

Breyer asserted that he should be deemed to have entered the country lawfully as his mother had been born in the U.S. and that the laws in place at the time that granted derivative citizenship only patrilineally were in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. He therefore had to file an application for derivative citizenship with the INS. The cases then proceeded on parallel tracks (the OSI's efforts at denaturalization and Breyer's claim of derivative citizenship) for many years.

In the OSI litigation, the district court held that Breyer was ineligible to enter under the DPA but that the statute denying Breyer citizenship at birth was unconstitutional. At that time, the INS had yet to rule on Breyer's application for derivative citizenship so the court deferred to the INS, thus abstaining from deciding whether Breyer was indeed a U.S. citizen at birth.

Meanwhile, the Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act had been introduced in Congress to retroactively provide for United States citizenship at birth for persons born abroad before 1934 to a mother who was a United States citizen and a father who was not. The OSI pressured Congress to place a "singular exception into the statute" to "deny application of the law to anyone who would not have been eligible to enter the United States under the DPA." As explained by Senator Ted Kennedy at the introduction of the amendment, this was designed to "prevent the possible development of an anomalous situation" that would result in "gender-based discrimination": "the conferring of citizenship on an individual", born abroad to a U.S. citizen mother, "whose wartime activities on behalf of the Nazis could be considered by a federal court to have resulted in his or her" loss of U.S. citizenship had he or she instead been "born abroad of a U.S. citizen father." Then-Congressman Charles Schumer noted that the exception would avoid placing into jeopardy "Nazi expatriation cases pending in the United States", for whom "proper prosecution ... depends on the ability to denaturalize and deport them to stand trial overseas for war crimes," although the only case that was to be affected at that moment was the Breyer litigation.

The INS denied Breyer's application based on the new statute and OSI therefore filed a deportation case. Breyer appealed the INS decision in district court on the grounds that the new statute was a bill of attainder in violation of Article I, Section 9 of the United States Constitution and also unconstitutional under the equality clause as those inadmissible under the DPA were denied citizenship only if it was derived maternally. The district court ruled against Breyer. He also lost his deportation case in immigration court. He appealed both losses to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.

The Third Circuit held that the new statute was "arbitrary and irrational" and that he was entitled to derivative citizenship at birth; however, its also held that "a voluntary oath of allegiance to a nation at war with the United States and to an organization of that warring nation that is committed to policies incompatible with the principles of American democracy and the rights of citizens protected by the American constitution -- an organization such as the Death's Head Battalion -- is an unequivocal renunciation of American citizenship whether or not the putative citizen is then aware that he has a right to American citizenship."

The court noted that Breyer voluntarily joined both the Waffen SS, which was a voluntary organization, and then the Death's Head Battalion, which was composed of volunteers from other SS units. It also quoted Holocaust scholar Helmut Krausnick's commentary that any person volunteering to join the SS after 1934 (other than perhaps its almost exclusively military arm, the SS-Verfugungstruppe) would have been aware that he was joining an organization where he would carry out orders that were illegal in nature, and would be committing culpable actions effectively furthering a totalitarian ideology at odds with ethical and lawful behavior and free democratic society.

The OSI then brought suit in district court alleging that Breyer's service in the SS was in itself an expatriating act (i.e., an act that would cause him to lose his citizenship). Under U.S. law in 1942, loyalty oaths and military service with foreign powers were not expatriating if the individual was a minor, as held by the district court. However, the question remained as to whether he had committed any acts after his 18th birthday that were expatriating. "Breyer testified that he had done everything possible to be excused from service," he refused the SS blood group tattoo, he deserted in August 1944 and returned "only because he feared he might be killed if he failed to do so." The district court held that Breyer's service after his 18th birthday was involuntary and not expatriating. The court also declined to hear evidence on whether Breyer's mother had lost U.S. citizenship due to her acquisition of Czechoslovakian citizenship, and potentially for taking other actions that could have resulted in renunciation, due to the late stage of the litigation.

The OSI appealed but the Third Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling noting "deserting his unit under what he believed to be penalty of execution suggests that Breyer's service was not voluntary."

Extradition request from Germany and death
On June 17, 2013, the District Court of Weiden, Germany issued an arrest warrant for Breyer for being an accessory to murder while a guard at Auschwitz. He was arrested at his home in Philadelphia on June 17, 2014. Although Breyer was 89 and was in poor health, he was held without bail pending an extradition hearing. On July 19, 2014, Breyer was granted bail and transferred to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, on the grounds of his worsening health. He died there three days later, just hours before his extradition to Germany was approved.

See also

John Demjanjuk

References

1925 births
2014 deaths
Auschwitz concentration camp personnel
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Czechoslovak prisoners and detainees
People from Poprad District
Loss of United States citizenship by prior Nazi affiliation
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Carpathian German people
Waffen-SS personnel


title: Bert Morrison

text:
Bertram Clifford "Bert" Morrison (January 10, 1880 – April 23, 1969) was a Canadian professional ice hockey rover who was active with several clubs in the early 1900s. Amongst the teams Morrison played for were the Pittsburgh Keystones, Portage Lakes Hockey Club, Calumet Miners, Montreal Shamrocks, Toronto Professionals, Montreal Wanderers and Haileybury Hockey Club.

Career
Morrison started out on the semi-professional ice hockey circuit in the 1901–02 season when he played for the Pittsburgh Keystones in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League. Amongst his teammates on the Keystones that season were Riley Hern and Harry Peel, with Peel later admitting to being paid money to play for the team. Morrison himself were investigated on the same matter by the Ontario Rugby Football Union and the Ontario Hockey Association after playing a game with Toronto against London.

In the 1903–04 season Morrison scored a total number of 94 goals in 25 games with the Portage Lakes Hockey Club, playing alongside future Hockey Hall of Fame members Hod Stuart, Bruce Stuart, Riley Hern and Jack Gibson.

Statistics
Exh. = Exhibition games, NYSHL = New York Senior Hockey League

Statistics per Society for International Hockey Research at sihrhockey.org

References
The Origins and Development of the International Hockey League and its effect on the Sport of Professional Ice Hockey in North America Daniel Scott Mason, University of British Columbia, 1992

Notes

1880 births
1969 deaths
Canadian ice hockey players
Pittsburgh Keystones (ice hockey) players
Portage Lakes Hockey Club players
Montreal Shamrocks players
Calumet Miners players
Montreal Wanderers players
Haileybury Comets players
Ice hockey people from Toronto


title: Bergstein (Weinbiet)

text:
The Bergstein is a natural monument in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It has the number ND-7316-173.

The Bergstein is described as a rock group and lies at an elevation of ca.  at the eastern end of the Palatinate Forest and is part of the Weinbiet massif. The Bergstein lies above the Speyerbach valley and has a view of the valley and the town of Neustadt. It is accessible and is protected by railings. It is only accessible on footpaths.

References

Natural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rock formations of Rhineland-Palatinate
Geography of the Palatinate (region)
Neustadt an der Weinstraße


title: Frog Rock

text:
Frog Rock may refer to:

Frog Rock (Bainbridge Island, Washington), a roadside attraction in the United States
Frog Rock (Connecticut), a roadside attraction in the United States
A feature of Weka Pass in New Zealand
Frog Woman Rock, a feature in the California Coast Ranges, US
Frog Rock (Kenting), a frog-shaped rock in Kenting National Park, Taiwan

See also
Rock frog (disambiguation)


title: Copyright law of Bangladesh

text:
The basic legal instrument governing copyright law in Bangladesh is the Copyright Act, 2000. It is largely based on Pakistan's Copyright Ordinance, 1962.

Copyright Act, 2000

Objects of copyright

According to section 15 copyright subsists in
literary works
dramatic works
musical works
artistic works (i.e. painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving or a photograph, a work of architecture and any other work of artistic craftsmanship)
cinematographic films
sound recordings
and includes computer programs (cf. s. 14 sub-s. 2) as well as addresses and speeches (cf. s. 17 cl. d).

Foreign works are covered by section 69 read with the International Copyright Order, 2005.

Owner of copyright

The first owner of copyright in general is  author (exceptions: works for hire, Government works; s. 17).

The owner of copyright may assign the copyright (s. 18) or grant any interest in the copyright by license (s. 48). Licenses may also be granted by the Copyright Board (ss. 50–54).

Registration of copyright with the Copyright Office is not obligatory, but if registration has taken place the Register of Copyrights gives prima facie evidence of the particulars entered therein (s. 60).

Term of copyright

Copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work published within the lifetime of the author subsists until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies (p.m.a.; s. 24).

Copyright in a cinematographic film (s. 26), a sound recording (s. 27), a photograph (s. 28), a computer program (s. 28A) or a work of the Government, a local authority or an international organisation (ss. 30–32) subsists until 60 years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the publication of the work.

Meaning of copyright

Copyright means inter alia the exclusive right
to reproduce the work
to issue copies of the work to the public
to perform or broadcast the work
to make any translation or adaption of the work (for details see s. 14).

In addition, special moral rights lie with the author (s. 78) as well as a droit de suite (s. 23).

Copyright infringement

When copyright is infringed (s. 71), the owner of copyright (as well as the exclusive licensee) is entitled to certain civil remedies (injunction, damages, accounts; s. 76). Jurisdiction lies with the court of District Judge of the place where the person instituting the proceeding resides or carries on business (s. 81).

Infringing copies are deemed to be the property of the owner of the copyright, who accordingly may take proceedings for the recovery of possession thereof or in respect of the conversion thereof (s. 79). Infringing copies may be seized by the police (s. 93) and can be forbidden to be imported (s. 74).

Copyright infringement may also lead to criminal charges (ss. 82 to 91) to be tried by no court inferior to that of a Court of Sessions (s. 92).

No infringement

Certain acts are said not to constitute an infringement of copyright (s. 72). These include inter alia
fair use of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work for the purpose of private study, private use, criticism, review (sub-s. 1) or reporting current events (sub-s. 2)
the reproduction or adaptation of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work by a teacher or a pupil for the purpose of instruction or examination (sub-s. 8)
the publication or performance of a literary, dramatic or musical work by the staff and students of an educational institution (sub-s. 9)
the making of up to 3 copies of a book by a non-profit or educational library for its use if such book is not available for sale (sub-s. 15)
the reproduction or publication of certain Government works (unless prohibited; sub-s. 17)
freedom of panorama: the making or publishing of a painting, drawing, engraving or photograph of architecture (sub-s. 19) or a sculpture or other artistic work if such work is permanently situated in a public place (sub-s. 20)

Related rights

Related rights include the broadcast reproduction right of broadcasting organisations (s. 33; term 25 years), the performer's right (s. 35; term: 50 years) and the right of publishers relating to the typographical arrangement of their editions (s. 38; term: 25 years).

Other provisions

particulars to be included in sound recordings and video films (s. 73)
legal deposit of books (s. 62) as well as periodicals and newspapers (s. 63) with the National Library of Bangladesh

See also
 List of parties to international copyright treaties

References

External links
 Copyright Office
 IP Rights and Copyright Piracy in Bangladesh
 Md. Milan Hossain (2012): Present Situation of Copyright Protection in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Res.Pub.J. 7(2): 99–109
 National Seminar and Workshop on Copyright Awareness, Dhaka, November 2007

Bangladesh
Law of Bangladesh


title: Rock frog

text:
Rock frog may refer to:

 Barahona rock frog (Eleutherodactylus alcoae), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in the Dominican Republic and Haiti
 Copland's rock frog (Litoria coplandi), a frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Australia
 Doi Inthanon rock frog (Amolops archotaphus or Rana archotaphus), a frog in the family Ranidae found in Laos, Thailand, and possibly Vietnam
 Kirtisinghe's rock frog (Nannophrys marmorata), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae endemic to Sri Lanka
 Masked rock frog (Litoria personata), a frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Australia
 Puerto Rican rock frog (Eleutherodactylus cooki), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in Puerto Rico
 Rock haunting frog (Cophixalus saxatilis), a frog in the family Microhylidae endemic to Australia
 Sri Lanka rock frog (Nannophrys ceylonensis), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae endemic to Sri Lanka

See also

 Frog Rock (disambiguation)

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Xeromphalina brunneola

text:
Xeromphalina brunneola is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in the western United States where it grows in dense clusters on debarked conifer logs, it was described by mycologist Orson K. Miller in 1968. The type collection was made by Miller near Priest River, Idaho, in September 1964. The mushroom has a dull orange, convex to nearly flattened cap measuring  in diameter. The orange-buff gills are narrow, closely spaced, and decurrently attached to the stipe. Spores are elliptical, smooth, amyloid, and measure 5.5–6.6 by 2.5–3.0 µm.

References

External links

Fungi described in 1968
Fungi of the United States
Mycenaceae
Fungi without expected TNC conservation status


title: Här står jag

text:
"Här står jag" is a song written by Sonja Aldén, Bobby Ljunggren and Henrik Wikström, and released on 13 June 2007 as a single from Swedish singer Sonja Aldén's 2007 debut album Till dig. The single was released on the record label Lionheart International, and became her third single. Henrik Wikström was also the producer, and the single also consists of a live recording from the release party at Obaren in Stockholm in Sweden, as well as a singback version.

The single peaked at number 16 on the Swedish Singles Chart. and also charted at Svensktoppen, where it stayed for three weeks between 2-16 September 2007 before leaving the chart.

Charts

References

2007 singles
2007 songs
Sonja Aldén songs
Songs written by Bobby Ljunggren
Songs written by Henrik Wikström
Swedish-language songs
Songs written by Sonja Aldén


title: Kursalon Hübner

text:
Kursalon (Kursalon Hübner) is a music hall in Vienna, designed by Johann Garben in the style of the Italian Renaissance and built between 1865 and 1867.

History
In 1857, Emperor Franz Josef I ordered the demolition of all of the fortifications, which were replaced by the Ring Boulevard as the city expanded. 1862 marked the opening of 65,000 m2 City Park, located in adjacent territory and designed by the landscape painter Josef Selleny. The Kursalon served as a place where visitors could get mineral waters to drink. Any amusements and social events were not allowed. But with the completion the venue saw changes. In 1868 the first concert by Johann Strauss took place in the Kursalon. Since then, the venue became a place for concerts and meetings. In 1908 the Kursalon was rented by Hans Hübner. Thus, its second name the place inherited from its owner. In the late 1990s the city government decided to sell the venue to the Hübner family.

Description
Now the Kursalon comprises four ballrooms on two floors, a 1,000 square meter large terrace, and a restaurant. The Kursalon sees approximately 500 concerts per year and receives over 200,000 visitors. The Alt Wien orchestra is constantly presenting in the Kursalon. There are works of Strauss, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert on its repertoire. Apart from concerts, the Kursalon serves as a place for conferences, balls, weddings, and is one of the main tourist attractions in Vienna.

External links
 The Kursalon Official Website

References

Innere Stadt
Music venues in Austria


title: Blake construction

text:
Blake construction is a method of making shoes invented  in 1856 by Lyman Reed Blake.

It is especially popular in Italy.  In a Blake construction,  the outer sole is directly stitched  to the insole with a chain stitch. This allows more flexibility and  lighter weight compared to the sturdier Goodyear construction, which is more common among British shoemakers such Crockett & Jones and Sanders.

References

Footwear
Shoes


title: Tamara Wall

text:
Tamara Wall (born 23 July 1977) is an English actress, best known for portraying the role of Grace Black in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks (2013–2023). Prior to her decade stint in Hollyoaks, Wall portrayed the role of Martina Quinn in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Wall performed the role of Brooke Wyndham in the West End production of Legally Blonde. Wall also appeared as Karen in musical Viva Forever!. She made a guest appearance in One Night in 2012. In 2017, Wall appeared in the third celebrity special of The Crystal Maze.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Biography on the Legally Blonde The Musical website
 Profile on the official Channel 4 website

1977 births
Living people
English television actresses
English stage actresses
English soap opera actresses

People from Weybridge
Actresses from Surrey


title: Filare

text:
Filare is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Gavorrano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 439.

Filare is about 35 km from Grosseto and 2 km from Gavorrano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road between Gavorrano and the plain of the town of Bagno. The small town was born in the late 19th century with the development of the mining activities.

Main sights
 Montecatini mining village of Filare: buildings – the mansion of the managers of the mine, the workers' houses, the canteen, a chapel – the old mine conduits, the extraction shaft of Pozzo Roma, the San Giovanni drainage gallery.

References

Bibliography
 Bernardino Lotti, La sorgente termale del Bagno di Gavorrano in provincia di Grosseto, Bollettino del R. Ufficio Geologico d'Italia, Vol.LVI n.4, Roma, 1931.

See also
 Bagno di Gavorrano
 Caldana
 Castellaccia
 Giuncarico
 Grilli, Gavorrano
 Potassa, Gavorrano
 Ravi, Gavorrano

Frazioni of Gavorrano


title: Autumn Spring

text:
Autumn Spring () is a 2001 Czech drama film directed by Vladimír Michálek.

Cast
 Vlastimil Brodský - František Hána („Fanda“)
 Stella Zázvorková - Emílie Hánová
 Stanislav Zindulka - Eduard Stará („Eda“)
 Ondřej Vetchý - Jaroslav Hána („Jára“)
 Zita Kabátová - Maruška Grulichová
 Petra Špalková - Králová
 Jiří Lábus - Estate agent

References

External links

2001 drama films
2001 films
Czech Lion Awards winners (films)
Golden Kingfisher winners
Czech drama films
2000s Czech-language films
2000s Czech films


title: Bergstein (Hohe Loog)

text:
The Bergstein is a natural monument in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is designated as  ND-7316-202.

Location

The Bergstein is described as a rock formation (Felspartie) and lies at an elevation of ca. 469 metres at the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest and is part of the Hohe Loog massif. It lies about 300 metres southwest of the Trittbrunnen Way/Bergsteinstraße in the village of Hambach an der Weinstraße and is only accessible on foot. It has good views of Hambach Castle and the Rhine valley.

References

External links
Bergstein on the Neustadt website

Natural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rock formations of Rhineland-Palatinate
Geography of the Palatinate (region)
Neustadt an der Weinstraße


title: 2005 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles

text:
Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Lindsay Davenport in the final, 6–1, 3–6, 7–6(7–5) to win the singles tennis title at the 2005 Pan Pacific Open.

Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
 Main Draw and Qualifying Draw

Singles


title: Skara Missal

text:
The Skara Missal is a 12th-century illuminated manuscript, a missal kept in Stifts- och landsbiblioteket i Skara, a library in Skara, Sweden. It is the oldest surviving missal of this kind in Scandinavia. It is written in Latin, and is in folio format. Only about one eighth of the original remains, or 44 pages. The book was originally bound in a single volume, but is since the 13th or 14th century split into two volumes. One of the volumes is currently part of the permanent exhibition of Västergötland Museum. It was written by two different scribes. It contains text, illuminations and musical notes. The illuminations consist of two full page illustrations, four large decorative initials and a number of smaller ones. Certain traits indicate that the illuminator may have come from Scandinavia.

The Skara Missal is sometimes referred to as "Sweden's oldest book" but its origins remain unclear. It may have been made in Winchester (England), Normandy (France), or possibly Norway; it mentions the saint Swithun who was venerated in both England and Norway. Studies of its contents have pointed to possible connections with other illuminated manuscripts from Fulda (Germany), Echternach (Luxembourg), Winchcombe (England) as well as French manuscripts. The missal is mentioned in the catalogue of the library in Skara for the first time in 1748, but according to the Skara Stiftshistoriska Sällskap (Skara Diocese Historical Society) it has belonged to the Diocese of Skara since the Middle Ages.

A team of researchers from the University of Lund has dated the pages of the missal to the mid-12th century, using radiocarbon dating techniques. This makes the book contemporaneous to the inauguration of Skara Cathedral. The book is bound in covers made of oak wood covered with leather, which in turn have been dated to 1264 using dendrochronology; the researchers' analysis also determined that the oak trees used grew in the vicinity of Skara.

The book has been displayed in international exhibitions, e.g. in Paris and Copenhagen, and has attracted the interest of both art historians and church historians. In 2006, a facsimile edition, supplemented by a number of scholarly articles, was published.

References

Bibliography

External links

12th-century illuminated manuscripts
Illuminated missals
Swedish books


title: Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station

text:
The Yixing Pumped Storage Power Station is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located Yixing city of Jiangsu Province, China. Construction on the power station began in 2003 and the first unit was commissioned in 2007, the last in 2008. The entire project cost US$490 million, of which US$145 million was provided by the World Bank. The power station operates by shifting water between an upper and lower reservoir to generate electricity. The lower reservoir was formed with the existing Huiwu Dam at the foot of Mount Tongguan. The Yixing Upper Reservoir is located atop Mount Tongguan which peaks at  above sea level. During periods of low energy demand, such as at night, water is pumped from Huiwu Lower Reservoir up to the upper reservoir. When energy demand is high, the water is released back down to the lower reservoir but the pump turbines that pumped the water up now reverse mode and serve as generators to produce electricity. Water from the nearby Huangtong River can also be pumped into the lower reservoir to augment storage. The process is repeated as necessary and the plant serves as a peaking power plant. The power station is operated by East China Yixing Pumped Storage Co Ltd.

The lower Huiwu Reservoir is created by a  tall and  long rock-fill dam. It can hold up to  of which  can be pumped to the upper reservoir. The upper reservoir is created by two dams that form a semi-circle on the mountain top. The main is a  tall and  long concrete-face rock-fill dam. The secondary is a  tall and  long gravity dam composed of roller-compacted concrete. The upper reservoir can withhold up to  of water of which  can be used for power generation. Water from the upper reservoir is sent to the  underground power station down near the lower reservoir through  of headrace/penstock pipes. The drop in elevation between the upper and lower reservoir affords a hydraulic head (water drop) of .

See also

List of pumped-storage power stations

References

Energy infrastructure completed in 2008
Dams in China
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in China
Concrete-face rock-fill dams
Rock-filled dams
Hydroelectric power stations in Jiangsu
Roller-compacted concrete dams
2008 establishments in China
Gravity dams
Underground power stations


title: 2014 Copa Sul-Fronteira

text:
The 2014 Copa Sul-Fronteira (also known as the 2014 Copa Ivânio Branco de Araújo in this edition, in posthumous tribute)  was the 2nd season of the Copa Sul-Fronteira, a domestic cup in Rio Grande do Sul football, which is a knockout cup competition. The tournament began on 2 August and ended on 16 November with the final second leg.

In this year, seven clubs of the southern half of the state participate in the Copa Sul-Fronteira, which varies in number of participants according to the interest of clubs in the first, second and third divisions of the Campeonato Gaúcho. This time, one of the two greatest clubs in the state, the Grêmio, will compete in the Copa Sul-Fronteira, to not let unequal the Copa Metropolitana, with two big clubs in the same competition.

The holders are Pelotas, having won the title in the last edition, being the first champion in history. However, decided to not play the competition this year.

Format
In the first stage, all teams face off in round-robin, which will qualify the top four for the next phase, known as the semi-finals. At this stage, the first placed facing the fourth place and second place playing against the third placed in two matches each. The winners face off in the final two matches to define the winner of the competition.

The 2014 Copa Sul-Fronteira winners qualify for the 2014 Super Copa Gaúcha, where it will have the opportunity to qualify for 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The winner of the Super Copa Gaúcha also dispute the 2015 Recopa Gaúcha, against the winner of 2014 Campeonato Gaúcho at the beginning of next season.

Clubs
This year, the FGF decided to change one of the two big clubs of the state to Copa Sul-Fronteira, the Grêmio was randomly chosen. Theoretically this makes less unequal competitions. Also, the current champions Pelotas decided to not play the competition, giving priority to dispute of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D in this season. The Guarany (BG) decided to not dispute the competition less than one month from the start of it. The following seven clubs will compete in the Copa Sul-Fronteira during the 2014 edition.

First round

Standings

Matches

References

External links
FGF website. Federação Gaúcha de Futebol.

Football competitions in Rio Grande do Sul
State football cup competitions in Brazil
2014 domestic association football cups


title: Benjamin Harrison (hospital administrator)

text:
Benjamin Harrison (1771–1856) was an English hospital administrator, known as an influential treasurer of Guy's Hospital in London.

Life
The fourth son of Benjamin Harrison (1734–1797), also treasurer of Guy's Hospital (himself second son of Sir Thomas Harrison (1700–1765), chamberlain of the city of London), he was born at West Ham on 29 July 1771. He lived for twelve years with his father at Guy's, and succeeded him in the treasurership in 1797.

For fifty years Harrison governed the hospital and managed its estates, despotically and without salary. With Sir Astley Cooper he, in 1825, established Guy's as a complete medical school separate from St. Thomas's Hospital, with which it had always previously been allied.

Harrison resented an inquiry into the hospital administration which was made by charity commissioners in 1837, but no abuses were discovered. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, deputy governor of the Hudson's Bay Company and South Sea Company, and chairman of the Exchequer Loan Board. He was selected as one of the three appeal commissioners for the city of London on the first imposition of an income tax.

Towards the end of his life, Harrison lived at Clapham Common and was closely connected with the Clapham sect. He died there on 18 May 1856, aged 84.

Family
Harrison married in 1797 Mary, daughter of H. H. Le Pelly of Upton and Aveley, Essex.  They had three sons, the eldest, Benjamin Harrison, becoming archdeacon of Maidstone; and six daughters, the eldest of whom married William Cripps.

Honours
Harrison Lake, the largest lake in the southern Coast Mountains of Canada, was named after Benjamin Harrison by Hudson's Bay Company's Governor Simpson.

Notes

References

1771 births
1856 deaths
British hospital administrators
Hudson's Bay Company people
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
People from West Ham


title: Allatini (company)

text:
Allatini is the name of a historic flour milling company, founded in 1858 by Moses Allatini and his brother, in Thessaloniki, Greece.

The company had two industry sectors; ceramic production in Charilaou and flour mills in Kalamaria.

In the late 19th century, the Allatini family founded the famous Allatini flour-mills, in a large industrial area of the city, near Kalamaria. During the next decades the company was expanded, and in the 1930s the mills were the biggest in the Balkans.

Since then, the company's ownership changed many times, but preserving its historic name. Today it is owned by ELBISCO Group and is notable for its biscuits. Its new industrial facilities are located in Sindos.

Sources
Allatini Mills
ELBISCO

Manufacturing companies based in Thessaloniki
Greek brands
Companies established in 1858
Jews and Judaism in Thessaloniki
Ottoman Thessalonica
1858 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Greek companies established in the 19th century


title: Boulder frog

text:
Boulder frog may refer to:

 Black Mountain boulder frog (Cophixalus saxatilis), a frog in the family Microhylidae endemic to Australia, now severely reduced to the "Black Mountains" 25 km south-west of Cooktown, Queensland
 Blotched boulder-frog (Cophixalus petrophilus), a frog in the family Microhylidae from the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Wild pomegranate

text:
Wild pomegranate is a common name for several plants and may refer to:

 Burchellia
 Capparis canescens
 Punica granatum


title: Ω-bounded space

text:
In mathematics, an ω-bounded space is a topological space in which the closure of every countable subset is compact. More generally, if P is some property of subspaces, then a P-bounded space is one in which every subspace with property P has compact closure.

Every compact space is ω-bounded, and every ω-bounded space is countably compact. The long line is ω-bounded but not compact.

The bagpipe theorem describes the ω-bounded surfaces.

References

Properties of topological spaces


title: Foil (song)

text:
"Foil" is a song by American satirical singer "Weird Al" Yankovic from his fourteenth studio album, Mandatory Fun (2014). The song is a parody of the 2013 single "Royals" by Lorde. It begins as an ode to the uses of aluminum foil for food storage, but becomes a parody of conspiracy theories, the New World Order, and the Illuminati in its second verse. "Foil" received positive reviews from music critics, and peaked at number three on the Billboard Comedy Digital Tracks. The song's music video stars Yankovic as the host of a cooking show, and features cameo appearances from Patton Oswalt, Tom Lennon, and Robert Benjamin Garant.

Background and composition

"Foil" is a parody of Lorde's 2013 single "Royals". It retains the original song's instrumentation, but is slowed down to match Yankovic's singing voice. He mimics Lorde's "sultry croon". At two minutes and 23 seconds, it is the shortest parody on Mandatory Fun due to its omission of the bridge and final chorus from the original track. In an interview with Billboard, Lorde said Yankovic "asked ages ago if he could do it” and she agreed to his offer. Lorde enjoyed Yankovic's music, specifically his parody of "Confessions" (2004) by Usher.

The song opens with Yankovic lamenting that he cannot finish food at restaurants, opting for a doggy bag. The first verse and chorus expand upon the usage of aluminum foil for food storage and preventing food spoilage, which Yankovic deems better than other food storage options such as "Tupperware containers." In a twist, the second verse discusses conspiracy theories; in particular, he mentions the Illuminati, shadow organizations, "black helicopters comin' cross the border," the New World Order and reinforces the belief that the Moon landings were staged. Yankovic planned to incorporate a twist in the song while outlining ideas. To conclude the song, Yankovic supports the benefits of aluminum foil by placing a tin foil hat atop his head to shield himself from "thought control rays" and "psychotronic scanning."

Reception
"Foil" received positive reviews from music critics. Randall Roberts of Los Angeles Times deemed the song a highlight of Mandatory Fun. Consequence of Sound writer Henry Hauser noted that it could have been included in his 1993 record The Food Album. Kenneth Partridge of Billboard wrote that while both "Tacky" (2014) and "Foil" could have been "one-joke affairs," they were both successful. The song received a nomination for Best Individual Performance at the 2015 Webby Awards, but lost to "If Google Was a Guy" by CollegeHumor. Other critics were less positive. Paste considered "Foil" to be less clever than the other parodies on Mandatory Fun. Ben Kaye, writing for Consequence of Sound, praised the first half of the track, but criticized the "weird switch to Illuminati jokes". Commercially, "Foil" peaked at number three on the Billboard Comedy Digital Tracks.

Music video

The music video for "Foil" was released on July 16, 2014, through CollegeHumor's YouTube channel. It was part of an eight video series, released once per day, produced for Mandatory Fun. "Foil" was the most successful video, attracting 11 million views in five days.

The video begins with Yankovic singing straight into the camera as a waiter gives him a doggy bag. Throughout the sequence, he spoofs Lorde's "on-camera intensity"; Breanna Ehrlich of MTV News also observed that the video highlights the similarity between Yankovic and Lorde's hair styles. He then walks out of a restaurant and onto the set of a cooking program titled Now We're Cookin'!. L.V. Anderson of Slate described his role in the video as an "infomercial huckster." During the chorus, three women dressed in foil outfits appear as they ad-lib the song's lyrics.

The lights then dim as Yankovic sings about conspiracy theories; the camera shows the director (played by Patton Oswalt) watching "in horror". Stock footage of the Eye of Providence, an atomic bomb explosion, a set of military helicopters, troops marching, and police men in riot shields is shown. Yankovic looks into a fisheye lens camera in static filter and twice a man with a blood face quickly appears on screen. The following scene proceeds to show a video of a staged Moon landing and thought control rays. Two men in black suits (played by Tom Lennon and Robert Ben Garant) insert a sleep injection into Yankovic's neck and drag him off set. The video ends with Oswalt taking off his human head to reveal the face of a reptilian humanoid.

Live performances
Yankovic performed "Foil" as part of the Mandatory World Tour (2015–2016). The live version replicates the majority of the music video, with Yankovic behind a Now We're Cookin'! table and accompanied by various props including a roll of aluminum foil, a teapot, and a foil hat. For some international performances, Yankovic changed the pronunciation of "aluminum" to "aluminium" to reflect the different ending being commonplace outside of North America. Orlando Weekly noted that "Foil" was one of two "special moments during a show that was nonstop and insanely memorable mayhem."

Weekly chart positions

References

External links

2014 songs
Aluminium
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Music videos directed by "Weird Al" Yankovic
Songs written by Lorde
Songs written by Joel Little
Songs with lyrics by "Weird Al" Yankovic
Works about conspiracy theories
"Weird Al" Yankovic songs


title: R. Barrows

text:
Mehran Azma, who creates works under the alias R. Barrows, is an American musician, designer, writer, editor, producer and radio-show host.

Born in the USA, he spent the latter half of the 90s singing and playing guitar in post-punk act The Nightmare Syndicate, who toured and supported acts like The Murder City Devils, The Blood Brothers, The Rapture and others, and was a touring guitarist for the punk band Swindle in the Southern California area. During this time, he was also the editor-in-chief of online music publication Light Up The Sky  and contributing writer for OC Weekly. After the dissolution of his previous efforts, he attended Otis College of Art and Design where he received his BA in Graphic Design  and continued to play music as bassist and vocalist of Baby's Breath, and released solo material under the moniker Nevers.

In 2011, he relocated to Portland, Oregon and began hosting a weekly radio show called Past Haunts on local radio-station PRA. After the closure of the station due to financial stress, the show was moved to House of Sound where he continues to host on Sunday mornings. In 2013, he also began co-hosting a second radio show entitled Echo's Answer on KXRY 107.1 FM & 91.1 FM. In 2014, he launched SINIS Recordings and released the first record on the label by Warm Hands. In 2015, he marked the end of Echo's Answer and transitioned Past Haunts onto XRAY.FM, where he continues to broadcast weekly.

References

American punk rock guitarists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Otis College of Art and Design alumni
Guitarists from Oregon


title: Masked frog (disambiguation)

text:
The masked frog (Litoria personata) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Australia.

Masked frog may also refer to:

 Masked mountain frog (Philoria loveridgei), a frog in the family Myobatrachidae endemic to Australia
 Masked swamp frog (Limnonectes paramacrodon), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae found in Malay Peninsula (Malaysia, Singapore, and southernmost Thailand), Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia), and Natuna Besar, Indonesia
 Masked tree frog (Smilisca phaeota), a frog in the family Hylidae found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama

See also
Masked rough-sided frog (disambiguation), one or two species in the genus Hylarana

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Athletics at the 2014 Micronesian Games

text:
Athletics competitions at the 2014 Micronesian Games were held at the Pohnpei Track and Field in Palikir, Pohnpei, between July 21–24, 2014.

A total of 38 events were contested, 19 by men and 19 by women.

Medal summary
Medal winners and their results were published on the OAA webpage.

Men

Women

Medal table (unofficial)

Participation
According to an unofficial count, 142 athletes from 8 countries participated.

 (14)
 (18)
 (13)
 (5)
 (18)
 (25)
 (38)
 (11)

References

External links
Official webpage

Athletics at the Micronesian Games
Athletics in the Federated States of Micronesia
Micronesian Games
2014 in Federated States of Micronesia sport
International sports competitions hosted by the Federated States of Micronesia


title: Springside Nature Reserve

text:
The Springside Nature Reserve, proclaimed in 1948, is situated in Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal. It conserves 21 ha of forest, grassland and wetland, and is managed by the eThekwini municipality and Hillcrest Conservancy. It was developed jointly by the Wildlife Society and the Hillcrest town board.

Fauna and flora
Some 150 species of bird have been recorded, including Forest weaver and visiting Crowned eagles. Plants include Tree ferns, Waterberry and Wild pomegranate. The reserve is relatively free of exotics, and a planned burning regime was implemented, which results in vigorous blooming of grassland flora when spring rains commence.

Access and facilities
The entrance gate is opened at 7:30 am and closed at 4:00 pm. There are picnic and braai facilities, but no accommodation, and the resource centre can be booked for small meetings. A visitor can go on self-guided walks, or take part in organised wild flower (October, after burns) or monthly bird watching walks, which start at 7:30 am (summer) or 8:30 am (winter), on the second Wednesday of a month.

References

Protected areas of KwaZulu-Natal


title: Studio Aalto

text:
The Studio Aalto  is a house in the Tiilimäki neighbourhood of Munkkiniemi, Helsinki, which Alvar Aalto designed during 1955–56 to be the studio of his architect bureau. Due to a large number of commissions, the office needed more space in which to work. The studio is said to be one of his best buildings from the 1950s. Near the studio there is also Villa Aalto, the home (and previous office) of the Aaltos. Both the studio and the Villa are now part of the Alvar Aalto Museum, and they are open to the public. The Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum Architectural Heritage Department are housed in Studio Aalto.

Architecture
The building is designed to be used as an architect's office. It is not a conventional office building. Aalto is reported to have said that “architectural art can not be created in an office-like environment.”

The façade is built in plain style, in white-painted, lightly rendered brickwork. The closed-in mass of the building conceals a garden shaped like an amphitheatre in its inner courtyard.

The slender mass of the office wing is in white-painted, lightly rendered brickwork. From the working space upstairs, large windows give a view to both east and west.

An extension was built in 1963, with a kitchen and a dining space. These two were referred to as “the taverna”. In the courtyard there is an amphitheatre-like small space, the steps being built out of natural slate.

Alvar Aalto ran the office until his death in 1976. After that, the office continued under the leadership of Elissa Aalto until 1994. The building came into the custodianship of the Alvar Aalto Foundation in 1984 and today it houses the Alvar Aalto Foundation, the Alvar Aalto Academy and the Alvar Aalto Museum Architectural Heritage.

Gallery

References

External links
Studio Aalto on the Alvar Aalto Foundation website
ISTV: Alvar Aallon ateljee avasi ovensa vierailijoille (‘Studio Aalto opened its doors to visitors’ (video))

Buildings and structures completed in 1936
Alvar Aalto buildings
Alvar Aalto Museum
Buildings and structures in Helsinki
Culture in Helsinki
Landmarks in Finland
Modernist architecture in Finland
Tourist attractions in Helsinki
Munkkiniemi


title: Thick as Thieves (TV series)

text:
Thick as Thieves is a British sitcom which was broadcast on ITV between 1 June and 20 July 1974 and produced by London Weekend. It was created and written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. There were 8 episodes over one series and starred Bob Hoskins, John Thaw and Pat Ashton.

Synopsis

The plot revolves mainly around George (Bob Hoskins), whose last job as a house burglar ended up with his getting sent to prison.  After three long years, he returns to his home and wife Annie (Pat Ashton), only to find everything is not quite as he left it.  His best friend Stan (John Thaw) moved into George's house with his wife eight months previously.  This was the moment Annie and Stan were dreading, but when it came to the crunch she found she not only loved Stan, but also still loved husband George.  Confused, and not helped by George's perhaps understandable annoyance at the situation, she finds she is unable to decide which will stay and which will go.  As the series moves on the answer to the trio's problems doesn't get any clearer.

Cast
 Bob Hoskins as George
 John Thaw as Stan
 Pat Ashton as Annie

Other recurring characters
 Johnny Briggs as Spiggy
 Michael Robbins as Sergeant Black

Background
Dick Clenent and Ian La Frenais had written the successful sitcom Whatever Happened To The Likely Lads (sequel to their 1960's series, The Likely Lads). They contributed two scripts to Seven of One in 1973, a series of seven individual situation comedy starring Ronnie Barker, with "Prisoner And Escort", serving as the pilot for Porridge and “I’ll Fly You For A Quid”.. Meanwhile, they developed Thick As Thieves for London Weekend, the ITV contractor.

Production
External scenes were kept to a minimum, mainly for setting the scene, or as a short linking sequence.  Where used, these sequences were on videotape instead of film. Film was used for the sequences used behind the opening and closing titles each week. Clement and La Frenais allowed individual plot threads in Thick As Thieves to cross between successive episodes, meaning the series must be run in its serial-like series running order for some of the plotlines to make sense.

The series (produced by Derrick Goodwin) was moderately successful, however makers London Weekend declined a second series.

Episodes

Episode 1 – "The Home Coming" (1 June 1974)

George Dobbs is released from a three-year sentence but no-one welcomes him at the prison gates. He seeks out his best mate, the womanizing Stan, to have a drink with, only to be told that Stan has moved on. The truth is that Stan moved in with Annie eight months ago, originally for company but they became romantically involved. George does not duff up Stan as expected but tells his friend to move out. In the process Stan falls downstairs and no-one believes George didn't do it for real.

Episode 2 – "Happy Release" (8 June 1974)

Stan is laid up in George's bed, claiming he cannot be moved while Annie cooks him a hearty breakfast.  George can have a cuppa if he gets his own cup.  Stan's taking advantage of George's soft nature by playing sick comes to an end when he is found creeping round the kitchen.

Episode 3 – "Good Conduct" (15 June 1974)

George is having a long hard think while walking along the Thames when he comes upon a group of youths trying to save their friend from the river.  In a moment of heroism he saves the drowning boy and goes home, claiming his dampness was caused by his doing himself in.  The lies start when Sergeant Black knocks on their door and in the face of initially stiff opposition reveals George is actually a bit of a local celebrity but from here the deceit only gets worse.

Episode 4 – "Two Men in My Life" (22 June 1974)

George and Stan have Annie losing her patience and walking out on both of them to stay with a friend and think things through.  The pair of failed burglars have to work together to keep their house in order.  The potentially gruelling housework is possibly the worst domestic nightmare they have faced so far, perhaps ever.

Episode 5 – "The Trouble with Tommy" (29 June 1974)

Tommy is an escaped felon whom police have narrowed the search for to the local area, so it's no surprise when he arrives and makes himself more than at home, ordering a string of demands that tests both George and Stan to the limit.  However, thanks to Tommy's violent reputation there's little either can do about it.  If three's a crowd, Annie's unexpected return proves that four's a catastrophe.

Episode 6 – "Three Into Two Won't Go" (6 July 1974)

George has slowly resigned himself to the current domestic situation with himself, Annie and Stan.  George discovers that Annie has planned a holiday to Benidorm - with Stan.  The ensuing arguments cause so much friction that George thinks about booking his own holiday but instead only succeeds in letting Annie and her girlfriend take both tickets while the two boys slum it out at home.

Episode 7 – "Home & Away" (13 July 1974)

With Annie away in Benidorm for a holiday with her friend, George and Stan make a decent fist of keeping the home in good order and clean, even learning not to burn their dinner along the way.  However the cat's away, so a couple of strays start sniffing out the territory - and the two boys feel that they must rise to the challenge.  Any chance of one-upmanship when Annie returns home are dashed by their respective dates still hanging around.

Episode 8 –  "Holy Deadlock" (20 July 1974)

Annie may have double the trouble with two men at her beck and call - nearly - but for this she has sacrificed the other luxuries life has to offer. She stops short of saying she wants them to start stealing stuff again.  Instead, competing against each other to vie for Annies' affections, both men independently decide to secretly get some loot in - both by doing a house over.  Except that they both choose the same house at the same time, and their collective talents are going to be no match against its owner - the girlfriend of the local gangland boss.

Trivia
Pat Ashton who played Annie was 11 years older than both Bob Hoskins who played her husband George, and John Thaw who played her lover, Stan.

Theme music
The theme music was written by Mike Hugg  and Ian La Frenais, and was reminiscent of their theme for Whatever Happened To The Likely Lads, which series was also penned by Clement and La Frenais. The theme song, "Do The Best You Can" was released on 7" single in 1974 by Fontana Records (6007 037). The group's name was Porridge and it was produced by Hugg and Heath-Hadfield for Flanelcat Productions. The b-side was Look At Yourself, also written by Hugg and La Frenais.

See also
 British comedy
 British humour
 Sitcom

References

1970s British sitcoms
1974 British television series debuts
English-language television shows
ITV sitcoms
London Weekend Television shows


title: Tom Donahue (filmmaker)

text:
Tom Donahue (born May 18, 1968) is an American film director, producer, and co-showrunner. His work as writer, director, and showrunner includes the Paramount Plus Original docuseries Murder of God's Banker and the upcoming six-part docuseries Mafia Spies, based on the 2019 book by Thomas Maier (Masters of Sex) about the CIA-Mafia assassination plots against Fidel Castro.

Other work includes the feature documentary This Changes Everything (STARZ, Netflix), which he directed and produced, about systemic gender bias and discrimination against women in entertainment; TCM’s Dean Martin: King of Cool, a portrait of the legendary entertainer; and Netflix’s Los Tigres del Norte at Folsom Prison (nominated for two Latin Grammys and winning one). All of these films and series were produced by Donahue and Ilan Arboleda under the banner of their independent production studio, CreativeChaos vmg.

In 2020, This Changes Everything won the Gracie Award for Best Documentary from the Alliance for Women in Media. In 2021, it won Best Documentary from The Los Angeles Press Club. He and Arboleda also recently produced HBO's Bleed Out, about director Steve Burrow’s clash with the American healthcare system. In 2019, The Los Angeles Press Club awarded Bleed Out Best Documentary. Donahue also directed HBO's Casting By and Thank You for Your Service, released theatrically by Gathr Films in 2016.

Film career

As director
Donahue co-directed an episode of the 10-part AFI series, 100 Years/100 Movies (with Linda Schaffer), which was broadcast on TNT in 1998. It was called The Antiheroes, and included interviews with Martin Scorsese, Clint Eastwood and Paul Schrader and was narrated by James Woods.  The series was executive produced by Richard Schickel and Mel Stuart.

In 2005, Donahue directed the narrative short, Thanksgiving (starring James Urbaniak and Seymour Cassel & written by Sean Gullette).

He made his feature documentary debut with Guest of Cindy Sherman (as co-director with Paul H-O) which premiered at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. The film opened theatrically in March 2009 and had its broadcast premiere on the Sundance Channel in May 2009.

Nathan Lee wrote in The New York Times, "At once a fascinating behind-the-scenes glimpse, bittersweet autobiography and witty trip down art-world memory lane". John Anderson wrote in Variety,

Donahue directed the feature documentary, Casting By, which was hailed as one of the top five documentary films of 2013 by the National Board of Review and reviewed as "outstanding" by American film critic Leonard Maltin. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival (where it was picked up for broadcast by HBO Documentary Films). It premiered domestically at the 2012 New York Film Festival. Casting By was lauded by the Casting Society of America. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced five days before Casting By'''s premiere on HBO that its Board of Governors had approved the creation of a branch for casting directors. On the night of the 29th Annual Artios Awards hosted by the Casting Society of America, the Casting By filmmakers received a standing ovation for its pivotal role in spurring Academy recognition.

In 2014, it won the Gracie Award for Outstanding Documentary of the Year from the National Alliance for Women in Media. In July 2014, the film was nominated for the News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Arts and Culture Programming.

Donahue's feature documentary, Thank You For Your Service, premiered at DOC NYC in November 2015. Called "gut-wrenching" and "important" by The New York Times, the film is an examination of failed mental health policy in the U.S. military. The film argues the creation of a Behavioral Health Corps is necessary to ensure accountability in the military chain of command toward mental health. Thank You For Your Service includes interviews with Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, General David Petraeus, General Loree Sutton, General Peter Chiarelli, Gary Sinise, Sebastian Junger and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Mike Mullen.  These interviews are interwoven with the experiences of four combat veterans who fought major battles while deployed in Operations Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF).

In its review, The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "If this film cannot spur politicians to act, nothing will."The Los Angeles Times review stated, "With the same clarity and fluency he brought to far sunnier material in Casting By, Donahue pinpoints the devastating intersection of personal trauma and institutional neglect in an age of perpetual war."

A CreativeChaos vmg production, the film was produced by Ilan Arboleda, Matt Tyson and Donahue in association with the Sprayregen Family Foundation and Regina K. Scully & Artemis Rising Foundation (The Invisible War, The Hunting Ground), executive-produced by Gerald Sprayregen and co-executive produced by Regina K. Scully. It won Best Documentary at the 2016 G.I. Film Festival and the Impact Award at the 2016 Illuminate Film Festival. G.I. Film Festival Co-Founder Laura Law-Millett called it "one of the most powerful, impactful films I have ever seen."

It was acquired by Gathr Films and opened theatrically in September / October 2016 in New York, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. The American Red Cross and U.S. Senators Angus King, Patty Murray, Ron Wyden, and Joe Donnelly hosted the D.C. premiere; King and Donnelly attended and participated in a Q&A hosted by CBS' David Martin. The film had its New York premiere aboard the USS Intrepid in New York Harbor, hosted by the Thayer Leader Development Group at West Point.

U.S. Senator Angus King (I-ME) wrote about the film:

 This Changes Everything

In September 2018, Donahue's much anticipated feature documentary This Changes Everything premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to critical acclaim and positive audience reception, earning it the festival's first runner-up for the Grolsch People's Choice Award for the documentary category. The film received multiple standing ovations and was only the second documentary to be shown in Toronto's iconic 2600-seat Roy Thomson Hall. Donahue both directed and produced the film (along with producers Ilan Arboleda of CreativeChaos vmg and Kerianne Flynn of New Plot Films). The film was created in association with Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media, Artemis Rising Foundation, David Yurman and Lyft Entertainment. The film explores the issues surrounding gender inequality in Hollywood and has since screened in over 20 film festivals in North America and Europe.

On January 17, 2019, Deadline Hollywood announced that This Changes Everything’s theatrical, streaming and broadcast rights for North America had been acquired by Good Deed Entertainment and that the film would be released theatrically in the first half of 2019.This Changes Everything also won the Greg Gund Memorial Standing Up Competition at the Cleveland International Film Festival In April 2019. The film had its premiere on 700+ screens via Fathom Releasing on July 22nd followed by a limited theatrical release on August 9th.

On October 27, 2019, the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences awarded Geena Davis with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for her work profiled in This Changes Everything. Lina Wertmuller (who is mentioned in the documentary as the film director that inspired Maria Giese to become a filmmaker) was also honored with a Life Achievement Award.

In her review for The New York Times, Aisha Harris called the film “passionate... a crucial Cri de Coeur” and Ashley Lee from the Washington Post called it “searing”.

Pete Hammond from Deadline called the film “powerful and fascinating”. He writes, “Some might believe that this movie especially, considering the subject matter, should be helmed by a woman. Donahue, however, is the one who got it made and feels correctly that it is as much if not more important to open the eyes of men in this regard.”

In his Variety review, Peter Debruge writes, “There’s something to be said for solidarity shown by those who have nothing to gain from their support beyond the advancement of the greater good. So, like white people at a Black Lives Matter rally or straight folks at a Gay Pride parade, Donahue deserves credit for proactively going out of his way to make a movie that tells it like it is — and paints it as it could be.”

The film had its cable premiere on Starz on December 16, 2019.

 Los Tigres Del Norte at Folsom Prison
In 2018, Donahue directed the Netflix Original, Los Tigres Del Norte at Folsom Prison which premiered on Netflix on September 15, 2019.

The band visited Folsom Prison in April 2018 to honor the 50th anniversary of Johnny Cash's legendary performance there. They performed two concerts -one for the male prisoners and one for the female (filmed the next day at the Folsom Women's Facility). Donahue and his team filmed the concerts but also interviewed 22 of the inmates (10 men and 12 women). The documentary (which includes narration by the members of the band) interweaves their stories with the songs performed.

The film was produced by Zach Horowitz (former Chairman/CEO of Universal Music Publishing Group) and Ilan Arboleda and executive produced by Horowitz. The music was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla, a two-time Oscar winner and winner of many Latin Grammys, and his production partner Anibal Kerpel. A live album was released concurrently. This was the first live album recorded at Folsom Prison since Cash's 50 years before.

The documentary was one of the most popular documentaries on Netflix in 2019 in Latin America

 Dean Martin: King of Cool
Donahue’s feature documentary, Dean Martin: King of Cool premiered November 19th, 2021 on TCM.  The film was produced by Ilan Arboleda and Donahue and executive produced by Leonardo DiCaprio, Danny Strong, Paul Barry and Peter Greenwald. Produced over 6 years, the film includes 45 interviews with family (inc. Deana Martin and Anne Haren), colleagues (inc. Angie Dickinson, Norman Lear, Bob Newhart, Carol Burnett, George Schlatter, Florence Henderson and Lee Hale) and fans (inc. RZA, Jon Hamm, Alec Baldwin, Peter Bogdanovich and Regis Philbin).  It currently holds a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

 Murder of God's Banker
In 2022, Donahue wrote and directed the four-part true crime docuseries, Murder of God’s Banker for Viacom International Studios. Combining interviews, motion comix animation and re-enactments, the series uses the death of Vatican Banker Roberto Calvi’s murder in June 1982 as the launching point for an investigation into the corrupt secret societies of Italy, including the Vatican, the Sicilian Mafia and Propaganda Due, the Fascist Italian sect of the Freemasons.  Variety wrote, “The documentary uses archival footage, stylized dramatizations and interviews with notable journalists and historians to uncover the truth behind Calvi’s murder while delving into the layers of corruption at the root of global money and power.”

The series was executive produced by Donahue, Ilan Arboleda and Mike Holtz, co-executive produced by Jordan Bogdanovage and Jessicya Materano and produced by Ari Tan. The series premiered in 35+ countries in February, 2023  (on Paramount Plus in the United States). It was called “riveting” by The Daily Mail.

 As producer
In 2003, Donahue produced and edited Alfredo de Villa's debut feature, Washington Heights, winner of five Best Picture awards at festivals worldwide, the Audience Award at Los Angeles Film Festival, and Special Jury Award at the Tribeca Film Festival.  Washington Heights also received a Gotham Award nomination for the IFP Open Palm Award.

Donahue was co-producer on Ramin Bahrani's debut feature, Man Push Cart, which premiered at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival. He produced the feature documentary, Highway Courtesans (directed by Mystelle Brabbee), which had its world premiere at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and its U.S. premiere at South by Southwest.

He produced the feature film Ponies, directed by Nick Sandow (Orange Is the New Black) and starring John Ventimiglia (The Sopranos) and Kevin Corrigan. It was named a New York Times Critics Pick upon its release in 2012.

Donahue produced the 13-part documentary series On the Team for Nickelodeon. He also produced the HBO feature documentary Bleed Out alongside Ilan Arboleda and Steve Burrows. The film was directed by Burrows and premiered on December 17, 2018. Paste Magazine called it “brutal, unmissable viewing.”  The Los Angeles Press Club awarded the film Best Documentary and runner-up for Best Medical/Health Reporting at its annual National Arts and Entertainment Journalism Awards and SoCal Journalism Awards in July 2019.

 As editor
Donahue's first narrative feature as editor was Raphael Nadjari's The Shade (starring Richard Edson). The film premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section. He also edited Raphael Nadjari's next two films, I am Josh Polonsky's Brother and Apartment #5C (which premiered as part of the 2002 Cannes Directors' Fortnight).

He edited the IFC Films feature documentary, Keep the River on Your Right based on the book of the same name by Tobias Schneebaum. The film won the 2001 Gotham Spirit Truer than Fiction Award & the Jury Prize at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam.

In 2005, Donahue edited IFC's Wanderlust, a feature doc/narrative directed by Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini and starring Paul Rudd and Tom McCarthy.

For television, Donahue edited several episodes of Showtime's acclaimed live action version of Ira Glass' This American Life (nominated for three Emmys in 2007). He edited the pilots for the reality series, Growing Up Gotti, I Pity the Fool, Heroes Among Us and The Cho Show and has edited episodes of Iconoclasts, Salt'N Pepa, Kimora: Life in the Fab Lane and HBO's Real Sex''.

CreativeChaos vmg
CreativeChaos vmg is a feature film, documentary and television production company based in New York and Los Angeles.

Founded in 2010 by Tom Donahue, Ilan Arboleda, and Steve Edwards (passed in 2021), CreativeChaos focuses on projects that are provocative and that move the dial on the cultural conversation. Guided by a deeply held philosophy stating that all projects must meet the following three qualifications: artistic merit, commercial viability, and social disruption; he cornerstone of their work is the ability for art and media to be a socially disruptive force.

Filmography

Features

Television

Professional memberships
Donahue is a member of the following organizations, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, the British Academy of Film & Television Arts, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS).

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Film directors from New York (state)
People from Rhinebeck, New York


title: Kondakameru Wildlife Sanctuary

text:
Kondakameru Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Malkangiri district, Odisha, India.

It covers an area of 430 km², mostly small hills and valleys. It is in the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. The major plant communities are mixed deciduous forests and scrublands.

References

Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
Wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha
Malkangiri district
Protected areas with year of establishment missing


The Nanobusiness Commercialization Association (NanoBCA) is a 501(c)(6) non-profit trade organization dedicated to creating a friendly political environment that nurtures research and innovation in nanotechnology, promotes tech-transfer of nanotechnologies from academia to industry, encourages private capital investments in nanotechnology companies, and helps its company members bringing nanotechnology products to the market. Founded in 2001, NanoBCA is the world's first non-profit association focused on the commercialization of nanotechnologies. Since its establishment, NanoBCA has been advocating for the continued allocation of significant funds per the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). NanoBCA dedicated work in shaping national nanotechnology policy has created a favorable policy climate for nanotechnology at every level, benefiting academic research, small businesses, and the manufacturing industry. NanoBCA has been advocating for Congress to ensure the continuous allocation of government funds to nanotechnology, such as basic research and SBIR grants, throughout all the major government agencies (DOD, DOE, NFS, NIH, etc.).

Based in Washington, D.C., and Shelton, Connecticut, the NanoBCA serves the entirety of the United States and its territories. Their vision is focused on ensuring that the United States is and remains a global leader in the field of nanotechnology. By monitoring newly passed and proposed legislation from the Federal and State governments, NanoBCA assures the safe, secure, and beneficial use of nanotechnology and nanoscience for all peoples.

History

In November 2001, NanoBCA was founded  by F. Mark Modzelewski, Nathan Tinker, Josh Wolfe, Vincent Caprio, and Griffith Kundahl – with the intention of boosting the advancements of nanotechnology from basic research to commercial products.
Since 2001, the organization has been directed and managed by Mr. Vincent Caprio, who takes care of moderating productive discussion among its members, the Government, Congress, academia, and industry, as well as organizing the annual conferences and roundtables.
In March 2011, the organization changed its name from NanoBusiness Alliance to NanoBusiness Commercialization Association to display its dedication to the commercialization of nanotechnology products.

External links

NanoBCA official website: www.nanobca.org

References
Note: References published in or before 2011 might refer to the organization with its former name of NanoBusiness Alliance.

Organizations established in 2001
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations


title: Victor Luis

text:
Victor Luis Chuab Zamblauskas (born 23 June 1993), known as Victor Luis, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a left-back for Coritiba.

Club career
Born in São Paulo, Victor Luis joined Palmeiras' youth categories in 2003, aged ten, after starting it out at Portuguesa. He progressed through the former's youth setup, always as a first-choice.

In July 2012 Victor Luis moved abroad for the first time in his career, after agreeing to a one-year loan deal at Porto B. On 12 August he made his professional debut, starting in a 2–2 away draw against Tondela in the Segunda Liga; he scored his first goal late in the month, netting a last-minute equalizer in a 1–1 draw at Portimonense through a free kick.

In June 2013 Victor Luis returned to Verdão, after appearing in 18 matches for Porto B. He was promoted to the main squad by manager Gilson Kleina, but was never used during the campaign, which ended in promotion.

Victor Luis made his Palmeiras debut on 9 March 2014, replacing Bruno César in the 64th minute of a 3–1 away win against Paulista. He made his Série A debut on 18 May, again from the bench in a 1–0 success at Vitória.

Victor Luis signed a new deal with the club on 30 July, running until 2017. He scored his first goal for Palmeiras on 17 September, netting the last of a 2–2 home draw against Flamengo.

The player has Lithuanian ancestry, so Brazilian media site spread rumors that he could choose to play for the Lithuanian national football team, then coached by Edgaras Jankauskas. The media claimed that the coach had already contacted the player about this option.

Honours
Palmeiras
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2013
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2018
Campeonato Paulista: 2020
Copa Libertadores: 2021

Individual
Campeonato Paulista Team of the year: 2018

References

External links
Palmeiras official profile

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo
Brazilian people of Lithuanian descent
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Ceará Sporting Club players
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas players
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Liga Portugal 2 players
FC Porto B players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal


title: Breaking Point (Bullet for My Valentine song)

text:
"Breaking Point" is a single by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine. It is the fourth and final single from their fourth studio album Temper Temper. A music video for the song was released on 7 June 2013, and an official single released 12 August 2013. "Breaking Point" peaked at number 36 on Mainstream Rock Songs

Personnel
 Matthew Tuck - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
 Michael "Padge" Paget – lead guitar, backing vocals
 Michael "Moose" Thomas – drums, percussion
 Jason James – bass guitar, backing vocals

References

External links
 Music Video

2013 singles
Bullet for My Valentine songs
2012 songs
RCA Records singles
Songs written by Matthew Tuck
Songs written by Michael Paget
Songs written by Jason James (musician)
Songs written by Don Gilmore (record producer)


title: Rick Razzano

text:
Rick Razzano may refer to:

 Rick Razzano (linebacker) (born 1955), linebacker for the Cincinnati Bengals and Toronto Argonauts
 Rick Razzano (running back) (born 1981), running back for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers


title: Carlos Barra

text:
Carlos Leonardo Barra Díaz (born 6 November 1968) is a Mexican professional football manager and former player, who is the current assistant manager of Liga MX club Monterrey.

Playing career

The debut of Carlos Barra was the play-off with Veracruz on Saturday, 11 November 1989.

Coaching career

Veracruz

His first experience as technical director in the Liga MX was in the Clausura 2007, as an internship with Veracruz, on 17 February 2007, when he directed a team against the San Luis and won.

Monterrey

Failing to reach an agreement in the Torneo de Clausura 2009 with La Volpe, the club Monterrey offered the opportunity of managing the team to Víctor Manuel Vucetich and Barra served as his assistant. After several years of success, during the 2013 Apertura tournament, Vucetich was stopped and, as a consequence, Carlos Barra was handed over the direction of the team.

In the middle of the 2014 Clausura tournament José Guadalupe Cruz was invited by Monterrey to relieve the managing of the team, together with Jose Treviño. After obtaining good results during the rest of the tournament, and after a failed attempt by Monterrey to hire another coach, Barra was announced as the coach definitively for the 2014 Apertura tournament, on 16 May 2014.

On 15 February 2015, Barra was sacked from Monterrey due to poor results in Clausura 2015.

Honours
Cruz Azul
Mexican Primera División: Invierno 1997
Copa México: 1996–97
CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1996, 1997

References

1968 births
Living people
Footballers from Veracruz
Men's association football midfielders
Mexican men's footballers
Mexico men's international footballers
C.D. Veracruz footballers
Atlético Morelia players
Cruz Azul footballers
Mexican football managers
C.D. Veracruz managers
C.F. Monterrey managers
Mexican expatriate football managers
Mexican expatriate sportspeople in Spain
C.F. Monterrey non-playing staff
C.D. Guadalajara non-playing staff
C.D. Veracruz non-playing staff


title: Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim

text:
The Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim is a Gothic panel painting now in the National Gallery in Prague, Czech Republic. It is one of the most important artworks made in medieval Bohemia. The panel was painted for the Prague archbishop Jan Očko of Vlašim who is depicted kneeling before St. Adalbert of Prague in the lower part of the picture (donor portrait). The author(s) of the painting is (are) not known. The style of the painting stands between the works of Theodoric of Prague and the Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece (who represents the so-called Beautiful style, Central European form of International Gothic).

History
The panel was originally placed in the chapel of Roudnice Castle, which belonged to the bishops and archbishops of Prague who used it as their residence. In 1371 the chapel was consecrated in honor of the Virgin Mary and patron saints of Bohemia, and this is probably the date when the picture was finished.

Description
The picture measures 181 x 96 cm and it is painted on a panel made of lime wood.

The painting is divided into two parts. In the middle of the upper part is the Virgin sitting on a throne with the infant Jesus. They are adored by kneeling Emperor Charles IV and his son King Wenceslaus IV. St. Sigismund of Burgundy stands behind Charles IV, while St. Wenceslaus of Bohemia stands behind the young king as his patron. In the lower part of the panel stand other Bohemian (Czech) patron saints (from the left): St. Procopius, St. Adalbert, St. Vitus and St. Ludmila. In the middle there is kneeling Archbishop Jan Očko of Vlašim who is adoring St. Adalbert, his predecessor in the post of bishop of Prague.

Notes

References

Gothic paintings
Czech paintings
1370s paintings
14th-century portraits
Paintings of the Madonna and Child
Paintings in the National Gallery Prague


title: Balimela Wildlife Sanctuary

text:
Balimela Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Malkangiri district, Odisha, India.

It covers an area of 160 km². The terrain is hilly, and covered with mixed deciduous forests. It is in the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion.

References

Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
Wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha
Malkangiri district
Protected areas with year of establishment missing


title: Left to Vanish

text:
Left to Vanish is an American metalcore band formed in 2001 from Philadelphia, PA. With a number of member changes at their initial start, Sean Salm (age 15 in 2001) is considered to be the main contributor behind LTV's work. They released two albums in a 7-year span. Buried Alive in A Grave of Your Own Mistakes in 2005 on End All Music and Versus the Throne in July 2008 on Lifeforce Records. The band disbursed in 2009 right after setting plans to enter the studio to record their 3rd full length album, due to conflicts between members.

LTV remained inactive until December 2016 w/ their first single in 7 years "The Recurrence Pattern" featuring Will Walker on vocals. They released their third album Dethroned  which featured new frontman Bob Meadows (former member of A Life Once Lost) December 2017.

Festival appearances
Infest 2006 Asbury Park, NJ w/ The Dillinger Escape Plan, Necrophagist, Job For A Cowboy, Cattle Decapitation, Animosity, Chiodos.
7 Angels 7 Plagues Reunion 2006 Fredericksburg, Va w/ Suicide Silence, All Shall Perish, Fear Before The March of Flames
Saints & Sinners Festival 2006 Asbury Park Convention Center w/ Atreyu, Everytime I Die, From First To Last, Bleeding Through.
Death By Decibels Fest 2006 Baltimore, MD w/ Napalm Death, A Life Once Lost, Skinless, Dead To Fall
CMJ Music Fest 2008 New York, NY
New England Metal and Hardcore Festival 2009 Palladium in Worcester, MA
New England Metal and Hardcore Festival 2018 Palladium in Worcester, MA

Members
 Sean Salm - guitar (2001-2009, 2015–present)
 Paul Meredith - drums (2004-2009, 2015, 2017–present)
 Bryan Little - bass (2006-2009, 2015–present)
 Randy Mac - guitar (2016–present)
 Bob Meadows - vocals (2017–present)

Former members
 Domenic Rocco - vocals (2001-2002)
 Ken Karpinski - bass (2001-2004)
 Andrew Karpinski - drums (2001-2004)
 Steve Hanna - guitar (2001-2005)
 Keith Nolan - vocals (2001-2009)
 Marc Zdon - vocals (2007-2008)
 Bill Walker - vocals (2007-2009, 2015-2017)
 Victor Figueroa - drums (2016-2017)
 Kevin Salm - guitar (2006-2009, 2015-2016)

Discography

References

American deathcore musical groups
Metalcore musical groups from Pennsylvania
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups from Philadelphia


title: Georgios Saramantas

text:
Georgios Saramantas (; born 29 January 1992) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a left back for Super League club Lamia.

Career

Paniliakos
Saramantas moved to Paniliakos in the summer of 2012 from Xenofon Krestena. He debuted for Paniliakos in a match against Kalamata. He stayed with his hometown club for two seasons appearing in 37 matches.

Iraklis
On 10 July 2014 Saramantas signed for Greek Football League club Iraklis. He debuted for Iraklis in a cup match against Lamia. His league debut came a couple of months later against Olympiacos Volou. After the expiry of his contract he left the club. During his three seasons with the club he made a total of 91 appearances.

Panionios
On 15 June 2017, Saramantas signed a three years' contract with Super League club Panionios for an undisclosed fee.

Lamia
On 6 August 2020, Saramantas signed a one-year contract with Lamia.

Career statistics

References

External links

Myplayer.gr profile

1992 births
Living people
Super League Greece players
Football League (Greece) players
Paniliakos F.C. players
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players
Panionios F.C. players
PAS Lamia 1964 players
Greek men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Footballers from Pyrgos, Elis


title: Det är inte regn som faller

text:
Det är inte regn som faller is a ballad song with lyrics by Ingela "Pling" Forsman, and music by Bobby Ljunggren and Henrik Wikström, and recorded by Swedish singer Sonja Aldén on her 2007 album "Till dig". The single was released for digital download on 1 November 2007, on the Lionheart International record label. The song charted at Svensktoppen, where it stayed for five weeks between 30 December 2007-27 January 2008, peaking at 6th position before leaving the chart.

References

2007 singles
Sonja Aldén songs
Songs with lyrics by Ingela Forsman
Songs written by Bobby Ljunggren
Songs written by Henrik Wikström
Swedish-language songs
2007 songs


title: Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary

text:
Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary wildlife sanctuary situated Keonjhar district in Odisha, India, covering an area of 191 km2 was established in 1978. Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary was declared vide F.F.A.H. notification dated the 6th December 1978 S.R.O. No.213/80 – In exercise of powers conferred by Section 18 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), the State Government. Executive orders declared the most important and large forest blocks as reserved forests during the 1910-15 settlement operation. Forest blocks, i.e., Benamunda, Bandhanjhari, and Ranibeda, were reserved during 1925-26. The proposal for constituting Hadagarh sanctuary was initiated during 1976-77 when the task force committee on crocodile farming in Orissa decided to release the mugger (freshwater crocodile) in the reservoir of Salandi dam (Hadagarh) because of favorable climatic conditions for that species. It was decided to declare the reservoir and peripheral forests under Anandapur and Karanjia Forest Division as Sanctuary and suspend the rights of local people under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Thus the Hadagarh sanctuary came into existence by notification no. SF (W) - 160/78- 34113/FFAH dated 6.12.78 of Forest Department, Orissa. The above sanctuary comprises Boula RF in  Anandapur and Satakosia R.F. (part) of Karanjia Forest Divisions. Later, its potential as an elephant reserve was recognized, and improvement work was started through Project Elephant to develop the sanctuary. Now, this sanctuary has been included in Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve.

The sanctuary lies in the catchment of Salandi river, a major tributary of the river Baitarani. Besides the Salandi river, the other perennial and seasonal streams are Mukta stream, Ghagara stream, Pitanau stream, Andheri stream, Suranga stream, Chakratirtha stream and Bentokholi stream. A large stagnant water body (31.83 km2) of river Salandi, called as Hadagarh reservoir is found inside the Sanctuary and is the important wetlands of this Sanctuary that attracts a variety of water birds both migratory and resident. Hadgarh sanctuary is linked to Similipal tiger reserve and Kuladiha wildlife sanctuary.

It is located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in northeastern Odisha. The primary plant community is mixed deciduous forests, including Sal (Shorea robusta). It is in the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. The Salandi River here flows between two mountains, the Hadgarh Dam was not accidentally built right here, today it is the biggest tourist attraction of this area.

This sanctuary has a wide range of fauna, such as leopard, tiger, fishing cat, jungle cat, langur, pangolin, wolf and hyena.. The sanctuary is home to 156 bird species from 56 families.

Description

References

Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests
Wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha
Mayurbhanj district
Kendujhar district
1978 establishments in Orissa
Protected areas established in 1978


title: 923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight

text:
The 923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight is a provisional United States Air Force unit, assigned to Air Combat Command to activate or inactivate as needed.

The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 23d Air Corps Ferrying Squadron at Morrison Field, Florida in 1942.  In October 1943 the squadron and its parent group were disbanded and replaced as the Air Transport Command unit at Morrison by Station 11, Caribbean Wing, Air Transport Command.

The squadron was reconstituted in 1954 as the 23d Air Transport Squadron, Medium, a Douglas C-54 Skymaster unit, at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. The squadron was inactivated in 1955.

The 923d Air Refueling Squadron operated Boeing KC-135 Stratotankers at K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan from 1960 to 1961, when its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 46th Air Refueling Squadron.

In September 1985, the 923d and 23d squadrons were consolidated into a single squadron.  The 923d was converted to provisional status as the 923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight and assigned to Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed.

History

Airlift operations
The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 23d Air Corps Ferrying Squadron at Morrison Field, Florida in 1942.  The squadron ferried aircraft between Florida and points in western Africa.  From 1943, the unit then focused on the air transportation mission as the 23d Transport Squadron.  Although the squadron was stationed at Morrison, its personnel were also used to man other stations of the Caribbean Wing.  After a little more than a year of trying to use traditional Table of Organization units like the 23d, Air Transport Command (ATC) found them too inflexible for its operations.  It, therefore, decided to replace its groups and squadrons and assign personnel directly to each of its stations, based on the needs of the station. Accordingly, in October 1943 the squadron and its parent group were disbanded as ATC combined its units at Morrison into Station 11, Caribbean Wing, Air Transport Command.

The squadron was reactivated in March 1954 at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina as the 23d Air Transport Squadron with the responsibility of transporting personnel, materiel, mail and other strategic cargo for the Army, Navy and civilian agencies.  The squadron was assigned to the 1608th Air Transport Group, which had been activated two months earlier.  However, shortages of personnel and equipment delayed the group from reaching operational status upon activation. The squadron operated Douglas C-54 Skymaster aircraft, flying missions to Europe and North Africa until inactivating in July 1955.

Air refueling operations
The 923d Air Refueling Squadron was activated on 1 May 1960 by Strategic Air Command (SAC) at K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan, where it was assigned to the 4042d Strategic Wing. The 4042d wing was established by SAC in a program to disperse its Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. SAC bases with large concentrations of bombers made attractive targets.  SAC's response was to break up its wings and scatter their aircraft over a larger number of bases. The squadron was initially nominally manned, but it received its first Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker on 5 August.

The squadron provided air refueling support to USAF units as directed. The squadron became fully operationally ready by March 1961 and one third of the squadron's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute alert, fully fueled and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.

The squadron inactivated a little less than a year after being activated when its personnel, equipment and aircraft were transferred to the 46th Air Refueling Squadron. In 1985 the 23d Air Transport Squadron and the 923d Air Refueling Squadron were consolidated into a single unit. In 2004, the squadron was redesignated the 923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight and assigned to Air Mobility Command as a provisional unit to activate or inactivate as needed.

Lineage
23d Air Transport Squadron
 Constituted on 6 April 1942 as the 23d Air Corps Ferrying Squadron
 Activated on 21 July 1942
 Redesignated 23d Transport Squadron on 29 March 1943
 Disbanded on 13 October 1943
 Reconstituted on 27 November 1953 and redesignated 23d Air Transport Squadron, Medium
 Activated on 8 March 1954
 Inactivated on 1 July 1955
 Consolidated with the 923d Air Refueling Squadron on 19 September 1985 as the 923d Air Refueling Squadron

923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight
 Constituted as the 923d Air Refueling Squadron, Heavy on 16 December 1959
 Activated on 1 May 1960
 Inactivated on 1 April 1961
 Consolidated with the 23d Air Transport Squadron on 19 September 1985
 Converted to provisional status and redesignated 923d Expeditionary Air Refueling Flight on 29 September 2004

Assignments
 15th Ferrying Group (later 15th Transport Group): 21 July 1942 – 13 October 1943
 1608th Air Transport Group: 8 March 1954 – 1 July 1955
 4042d Strategic Wing: 1 May 1960 – 1 April 1961

Stations
 Morrison Field, Florida, 3 April 1942 – 13 October 1943
 Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, 8 March 1954 – 18 March 1955
  K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base, Michigan, 1 December 1959 – 30 September 1975

Aircraft
 Douglas C-54 Skymaster, 1954–1958
 Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, 1960–1961

Awards and Campaigns

See also
 Air Transport Command
 List of United States Air Force air refueling squadrons

References

Notes
 Explanatory notes

 Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

Air refueling squadrons of the United States Air Force