title: 2003–04 Barnsley F.C. season

text:
The 2003–04 season saw Barnsley compete in the Football League Second Division where they finished in 12th position with 62 points.

Final league table

Results
Barnsley's score comes first

Legend

Football League Second Division

FA Cup

Football League Cup

Football League Trophy

Squad statistics

References

External links
 Barnsley 2003–04 at Soccerbase.com (select relevant season from dropdown list)

Barnsley F.C. seasons
Barnsley


title: De Hoop Dam (Limpopo)

text:
The De Hoop Dam (formal name to be established through public participation) is a gravity dam on the Steelpoort River, near Burgersfort, Limpopo, South Africa. Its purpose is to enable the extraction of rich mineral deposits in the eastern Limpopo province, and to supply water to towns, industries and communities in the Sekhukhune district, where service delivery was of a poor standard.

The completion of the dam was delayed by four years (2010 to 2014) due to supply chain problems, technical and equipment problems, deficient environmental impact studies, resettlement of families in the area, and labour strikes.

The flagship dam in the Olifants system, South Africa's largest dam since the 1970s, was developed by the Department of Water Affairs. The project of R3,4 billion involved innovative solutions in energy dissipation and the use of roller-compacted concrete, for which the department received a Fulton award.

It was the second phase of the Olifants River Water Resources Development Programme (ORWRDP), the only viable solution for water delivery to the Nebo plateau, where some 800,000 people are resident. The first phase, completed in 2006, included capacity improvements to the Flag Boshielo Dam.

See also
List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa
List of rivers of South Africa

References

 List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)

Dams in South Africa
Dams completed in 2014
Gravity dams
Buildings and structures in Limpopo
2014 establishments in South Africa
21st-century architecture in South Africa


title: CIC Insurance Group

text:
CIC Insurance Group Limited, commonly referred to as CIC Group, is an insurance and investment group that operates mainly in Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan and Malawi. CIC Group has a network of branches and operational subsidiaries spread across the 4 countries.

Overview
The group's headquarters are located in CIC Plaza, Mara Road, Upperhill in Nairobi, Kenya. CIC Insurance Group is leading Micro and Co-operative insurance provider in Kenya with its subsidiaries involved in fund, Reits and Asset Management, general, Health and  Group & Individual Life, pension and annuities. The Group expanded regionally to set its footprint in Uganda, South Sudan and Malawi in 2015.

History
The Group's origins in Kenya date back to 1968 when it was a department within the Kenya National Federation of Co-operatives. In 1978, the department was registered and licensed as Co-operative Insurance Services Limited, a composite insurance company to write all classes of business with its target market, the cooperative movement.

In 1999, the company was changed to the Co-operative Insurance Company of Kenya Limited (CIC) and later to CIC Insurance Group Limited in 2010. This change was in preparation for the de-merger of its life and general business operations.

The Group made its debut on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) on 18 July 2012. This made it the 6th insurance company to be listed on the NSE and the 60th company to be listed on the NSE overall.

In 2014, CIC Group announced its intention to expand to Uganda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Rwanda and Malawi. In South Sudanese market, the Group plans to set up a greenfield operation in which it would hold 69 per cent of issued capital in a new local entity while the Cooperative Bank of South Sudan (a subsidiary of the Cooperative Bank of Kenya) would take up the remaining 31 per cent. This expansion would be pegged on the resolution of the South Sudanese Civil War. In Uganda, the Group aims to partner with the Uganda Cooperatives Savings and Credit Union to establish an insurance
company in which CIC Insurance Group would own 40 per cent of the unit. CIC Group stated that in Malawi, it would start with a 70 per cent stake in a new subsidiary with the remaining being held by the Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperative and the Farmers Union of Malawi (FUM).

According to the Insurance Regulatory Authority report released in September 2014, CIC Insurance was ranked third in market share with 9% of the market behind Jubilee Insurance and Britam, who controlled 11.9% and 11.2% respectively.

Subsidiaries and associated companies
The companies that comprise the CIC Insurance Group Limited include, but are not limited, to the following:

 CIC General Insurance Limited – Nairobi, Kenya – 100% Shareholding – The flagship company of the group. Offering general insurance.
 CIC Life Assurance Limited – Nairobi, Kenya  – 100% Shareholding – Offering life insurance.
 CIC Asset Management Limited – Nairobi, Kenya – 100% Shareholding – Offering financial services, investment management, Investment advisory and REITs
 CIC Africa Insurance (SS) Limited – Juba, South Sudan 69% Shareholding – Offering Insurance. (31% shareholding is by Co-op Bank South Sudan)
 CIC Africa Insurance (Malawi) Limited – ??% Shareholding – Offering Insurance. (??% Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives)
 CIC Africa Insurance Uganda Limited  – Kampala, Uganda  – ??% Shareholding
 Takaful Insurance of Africa Limited – Nairobi, Kenya - 24% Shareholding - Offering general insurance.

Ownership
The shares of the CIC Insurance Group Limited are listed on the NSE, where it trades under the symbol CIC. As of 31 December 2013, the five largest shareholders in the Group's stock are depicted in the table below:

Governance
CIC Insurance Group Limited is governed by a twelve-person board of directors with Dr. Nelson Kuria serving as the Group Chairman and Patrick Nyaga as the Group CEO.

See also
 Cooperative Bank of Kenya
 Nairobi Stock Exchange
 List of Insurance companies in Kenya

References

External links
 CIC Insurance Group Homepage
 Cooperative Bank of Kenya Homepage
 Insurance Regulatory Authority
 CIC Life Assurance Credit Ratings

Insurance companies of Kenya
Financial services companies established in 1968
Companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Kenyan companies established in 1968


title: List of ships built by Hall, Russell & Company (1-200)

text:
List of ships built by Aberdeen shipbuilders Hall, Russell & Company, to yard number 200.

The ships built in the sequence to 200 cover the period 1868 to 1876.

The initial numbering began at 256, which was the numbering sequence used by Alexander Hall and Sons before switching to their own numbering sequence with the Inverness, the third ship built. Hall, Russell and Company initially built boilers and engines for ships, the second numbering sequence may follow on from that.

Notes
 Where available, vessel measurements taken from Lloyd's Register, giving registered length, beam and draft. Hall, Russell and Company's own measurements typically are length overall, beam and moulded depth.

References

Ships built in Scotland


title: Tony Hung

text:
Tony Hung Wing-sing (born 6 December 1983) is a Hong Kong actor and television host currently contracted to TVB. He was formerly a host for Now TV.

Biography
At the age of 10, Hung studied overseas in New Zealand at the Auckland Grammar School.  After returning to Hong Kong, Hung furthered his education at the University of Hong Kong and graduated at the age of 27. He enjoys hosting both reality and travel shows. At the 2013 TVB Anniversary Awards, he was awarded the best host together with partner Priscilla Wong for their show Pilgrimage of Wealth 2.In 2015, he won the Most Improved Male Artiste award at the TVB Anniversary Awards.

Hung also published his own book titled "Tony's secret Holiday" (Tony秘密假期).

Filmography

TV dramas

Films
 Death Notify (2019)
 No Love Left in Tainan (2018)
 Blue Magic (2013)
 All's Well, Ends Well 2012 (2012)
 Big Blue Lake (2011)

References

External links

Tony Hung on Yahoo! Blog (Archived)

1983 births
Living people
Hong Kong male television actors
TVB actors
Hong Kong television presenters
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
21st-century Hong Kong male actors


title: Louis Vivet

text:
Louis Vivet (also Louis Vivé or Vive; born 12 February 1863) was one of the first mental health  patients to be diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder, colloquially known as "multiple [or] split personalities." Within one year of his 1885 diagnosis, the term "multiple personality" appeared in psychological literature in direct reference to Vivet.

Early life and first symptoms

Vivet was born on 12 February 1863, in Paris to a young mother who worked as a prostitute and who beat and neglected him. After turning to crime at age eight, Vivet was sent to a house of corrections, where he was raised until the age of 18.
While working on a farm at age 17, Vivet became paralyzed from the waist down due to severe trauma resulting from a viper wrapping itself around his hand, inducing psychosomatic paralysis. Vivet went on to work as a tailor during his paralysis, until one-and-a-half years later, when he suddenly regained the use of his legs and began walking. When confronted by the asylum (which had begun housing him upon his paralysis) regarding his newfound ability to walk, Vivet responded with confusion, not recognizing any of the hospital staff and accusing them of imprisoning him.

Diagnosis and identities

Diagnosis and treatment
Although Vivet was purported to have up to ten personalities, recent re-evaluations of the medical literature have led some psychologists to believe that he had only two personalities, and that any other personalities were the direct result of hypnosis by therapists. Vivet's symptoms, including loss of time and amnesia, were explained by the first psychologist to treat him, Camuset, as divisions in his personality, and were not directly linked to his history of childhood trauma until his case was re-evaluated approximately 100 years later. Some experts believe that Vivet did not have DID at all, and that his behavior was similar to that of a fugue state.

Philosopher Ian Hacking has argued that the term "multiple personality disorder" first came into use on 25 July 1885, when Vivet entered the health system and became the subject of intensive psychiatric experimentation. He was subjected to a variety of treatments for what doctors initially believed to be "hysteria," including "morphines, injections of pilocarpine, oil of ipecac to induce vomiting, and magnets on numerous parts of the body; but the only treatment that could halt an attack was pressure on the achilles tendon or the rotulian tendon below the kneecap...he was repeatedly hypnotized."

Dissociative identity system
The return of Vivet's motor skills was accompanied by a stark change in personality: when paralyzed, Vivet was kind, reserved, intellectual, and meek, while in his walking state, he was arrogant, confrontational, and conniving. Vivet's memories were segregated entirely between his different personalities. He had no recollection of his actions conducted as his various personalities...he could only recall the memories of his current personality, except any memories pre-dating the traumatic viper incident.

Psychologist Pierre Janet described Vivet as having six "existences." He continues:

In popular culture

It is claimed that Robert Louis Stevenson was influenced by Vivet's story while writing the novella Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. However, Stevenson was not aware of Vivet's story while writing Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as it was published a few months before Vivet's case was published.

See also
 Multiplicity (psychology)
 Experimental psychology
 History of psychology
 Personality psychology

References

1863 births
Year of death missing
People with dissociative identity disorder
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde


title: Lists of nicknames

text:
This is a list of nickname-related list articles on Wikipedia. A nickname is "a familiar or humorous name given to a person or thing instead of or as well as the real name." A nickname is often considered desirable, symbolising a form of acceptance, but can sometimes be a form of ridicule. A moniker also means a nickname or personal name. The word often distinguishes personal names from nicknames that became proper names out of former nicknames. English examples are Bob and Rob, nickname variants for Robert.

Miscellaneous

 Honorific nicknames in popular music
 List of aviators by nickname
 List of classical music sub-titles, nicknames and non-numeric titles
 List of college nickname changes in the United States
 List of Hollywood-inspired nicknames
 List of Marvel Comics nicknames
 List of monarchs by nickname
 List of nicknames of blues musicians
 List of nicknames of jazz musicians
 List of nicknames of philosophers
 List of nicknames of presidents of the United States
 List of nicknames used by George W. Bush
 List of nicknames used by Donald Trump
 List of playing-card nicknames
 List of rabbis known by acronyms
 List of regional nicknames
 List of fandom names
 List of U.S. state and territory nicknames
 Nicknames of politicians and personalities in Quebec
 Scholastic accolades

City nicknames

 List of cities nicknamed Hub of the Universe
 List of city nicknames in Canada
 List of city nicknames in China
 List of city nicknames in India
 List of city nicknames in Indonesia
 List of city nicknames in Italy
 List of city nicknames in Japan
 List of city and town nicknames in New Zealand
 List of city and municipality nicknames in the Philippines
 List of city nicknames in Spain
 List of city nicknames in Turkey
 List of city nicknames in the United Kingdom
 List of city nicknames in the United States
 Nicknames of Vancouver

United States

By city (alphabetical by city)

Nicknames of Atlanta
Boston nicknames
Nicknames of Chicago
Nicknames of Cincinnati
List of nicknames for Cleveland
Nicknames of Houston
Nicknames of New York City
Nicknames of Philadelphia
List of nicknames for Pittsburgh
Nicknames of Portland, Oregon

By state

 List of city nicknames in Alabama
 List of city nicknames in Alaska
 List of city nicknames in Arizona
 List of city nicknames in Arkansas
 List of city nicknames in California
 List of city nicknames in Colorado
 List of city nicknames in Connecticut
 List of city nicknames in Delaware
 List of city nicknames in Florida
 List of city nicknames in Georgia
 List of city nicknames in Hawaii
 List of city nicknames in Idaho
 List of city nicknames in Illinois
 List of city nicknames in Indiana
 List of city nicknames in Iowa
 List of city nicknames in Kansas
 List of city nicknames in Kentucky
 List of city nicknames in Louisiana
 List of city nicknames in Maine
 List of city nicknames in Maryland
 List of city nicknames in Massachusetts
 List of city nicknames in Michigan
 List of city nicknames in Minnesota
 List of city nicknames in Mississippi
 List of city nicknames in Missouri
 List of city nicknames in Montana
 List of city nicknames in Nebraska
 List of city nicknames in Nevada
 List of city nicknames in New Hampshire
 List of city nicknames in New Jersey
 List of city nicknames in New Mexico
 List of city nicknames in New York
 List of city nicknames in North Carolina
 List of city nicknames in North Dakota
 List of city nicknames in Ohio
 List of city nicknames in Oklahoma
 List of city nicknames in Oregon
 List of city nicknames in Pennsylvania
 List of city nicknames in Puerto Rico
 List of city nicknames in Rhode Island
 List of city nicknames in South Carolina
 List of city nicknames in South Dakota
 List of city nicknames in Tennessee
 List of city nicknames in Texas
 List of city nicknames in Utah
 List of city nicknames in Vermont
 List of city nicknames in Virginia
 List of city nicknames in Washington
 List of city nicknames in West Virginia
 List of city nicknames in Wisconsin
 List of city nicknames in Wyoming

Military nicknames

 List of military figures by nickname
 List of warships by nickname
 List of nicknames of British Army regiments
 Regimental nicknames of the Canadian Forces
 Nicknames of United States Army divisions

Sports nicknames

 Australian national sports team nicknames
 List of baseball nicknames
 List of baseball team nicknames
 List of basketball nicknames
 List of Chicago White Sox nicknames
 List of college sports team nicknames
 List of college team nicknames in the United States
 List of ice hockey nicknames
 List of ice hockey line nicknames
 List of national association football teams by nickname
 List of NFL nicknames
 List of nicknames in motorsport
 List of nicknames used in basketball
 List of nicknames used in CPBL
 List of nicknames used in cricket
 List of nicknames used in tennis
 List of North American football nicknames
 List of Philippine college team nicknames
 List of sports teams nicknamed Titans
 List of sportspeople by nickname

See also

 List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
 Athletic nickname
 List of demonyms for U.S. states
 List of people known as The Great
 List of scandals with "-gate" suffix
 List of stage names
 List of lists of lists

References

External links


title: Mi novia es un fantasma

text:
Mi novia es un fantasma is a 1944 Argentine romantic comedy film directed by Francisco Múgica and starring Mirtha Legrand, Pepe Iglesias, and Nuri Montsé. At the 1945 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards Iglesias won the Silver Condor Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role for his performance in the film.

Cast
Pepe Iglesias
Mirtha Legrand
Nuri Montsé
Osvaldo Miranda
Benita Puértolas
Olga Casares Pearson
Lalo Malcolm
Susana Campos
Vicente Rubino
Mario Giusti

References

External links

1944 films
1940s Spanish-language films
Argentine black-and-white films
Films directed by Francisco Múgica
Argentine romantic comedy films
1944 romantic comedy films
1940s comedy mystery films
1940s Argentine films


title: Jasin Goldsmith

text:
Jasin Alex Goldsmith (born 24 July 1969) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A utility back, Goldsmith first represented Waikato aged 17 and later also played for Auckland and Bay of Plenty at a provincial level. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1988 tour of Australia, playing in eight matches but no internationals.

References

1969 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Tokoroa
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Māori All Blacks players
Waikato rugby union players
Auckland rugby union players
Bay of Plenty rugby union players
Rugby union wings
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union centres
People educated at Forest View High School, Tokoroa


title: Pug (nickname)

text:
Pug is a nickname of:

 Walden L. Ainsworth (1886-1960), US Navy World War II vice admiral
 Pug Bennett (1874–1935), American Major League Baseball player
 Pug Cavet (1889–1966), American Major League Baseball player
 Russell Daugherity (1902-1971), American football player
 Peter George Davis (1923-2011), British Second World War Royal Marines lieutenant colonel
 Pug Griffin (1896-1951), American Major League Baseball player
 Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay (1887-1965), British general and Winston Churchill's chief military adviser in the Second World War
 Pug Lund (1913–1994), American football player, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
 Clarence "Pug" Manders (1913-1985), American National Football League running back
 Alex Pourteau (born 1969), professional wrestler nicknamed "The Pug"
 Pug Rentner (1910–1978), American National Football League halfback and quarterback
 Pug Southerland (1911–1949), United States Navy World War II flying ace
 Charles Upham (1908-1994), New Zealand captain twice awarded the Victoria Cross during the Second World War
 Pug Vaughan (1911-1964), American National Football League player

Nicknames


title: Nevzat Sayın

text:
Nevzat Sayin (born Hatay, Dörtyol in 1954) is a Turkish architect.

Early life

He was educated at Ege University. He began post-graduate studies at Ege, but did not complete them. He worked with Cengiz Bektaş for after school education.

Career

He started his own architecture firm in 1985. He received Serbest Mimarlar Ödülü. He was nominated for the Ağa Han Architectural Awards. He wrote many architectural writings and he gave many interviews.

List of Works

 Gön Leather Factory—Gön is a structure which has been middle of the shantytown and it remains for a long time. For the structure he considered this speciality of the area. The important things are explicitness and not going to lose its impact.
 Beyaz Ev
 Çakalini
 Kızılbel Evleri—Employs materials such clay brick and dotune that can be used in future projects. The units are built with local structure methods. Units are designed as one with some distance between them. The buildings that are for guests and owners are separate. Dining and kitchen areas are shared. The pool is also separate.
 Göksu Ofis—A building by the water. The building is like a boat between the water and the curvilinear street behind it. The building is close to the street. The facade that faces the water is completely open. It is treated with a wooden grill that protects the privacy of the inside. The building stands between boat and pier recalls.
 Yahşibey Evleri—Nevaz Sayın says, "We put a rule to ourselves just at the beginning. We was going to make like its been made from years but we were going to make it better. We decided the borders and we let the worker decide how to make it.we tried to find something new in the routine. It was an important factor in the similarizing demand that this house had no distance from the houses surrounding it.
"I don't know what is the difference and similarities but it is like our homes also it isn't. This is the villagers words. This words claim that the idea was successful. In this specialities we think that the house got the point to be a stranger and familiar."

Released Books

Nevzat Sayın: Düşler, Düşünceler, İşler 1990-2004, Yapı Kredi Yayınları
Nevzat Sayın: Bir Yapı Kitabı, Umur Yayınları
Nevzat Sayın: Coğrafi Bir Mesele Olarak Mimarlık, Yapı Kredi Yayınları

Project Rewards

ArkiPARC Gayrimenkul Ödülü, Konut - Yeni Gelişme Kategorisi Ödülü, (Evidea Konutları, 2008)
ArkiPARC Gayrimenkul Ödülü, Finalist, (Tepe Narcity Konut Yerleşkesi, 2008)
ArkiPARC Gayrimenkul Ödülü, Kamusal Proje Kategorisi Ödülü, (Santralistanbul Kültür ve Eğitim Merkezi Yerleşkesi, 2008)
Ulusal Mimarlık Ödülleri, Yapı Dalı - Başarı Ödülü, (Tekirdağ'da Ev, 1998)
Ulusal Mimarlık Ödülleri, Yapı Dalı - Başarı Ödülü, (Gön II. Bina, 1996)
Ulusal Mimarlık Ödülleri, Yapı Dalı - Başarı Ödülü, (Gön I. Bina, 1992)

Publications

Profil:Nevzat Sayın (Arredamento Mimarlık, Atilla Yücel, İhsan Bilgin, Uğur Tanyeli, 12/2000)
Kendisi Gibi (Hillsider, Ebru Tabak, 09/2000)
Nevzat Sayın: White House as Void, Emre Senan House, Architect's Studio (A+U, 07/2000)
Beton, Rüzgar ve Su (Marie Claire Maison, Elvan Ernid, 06/2000)
Mimarlık Ödüllü Bir Beyaz Ev (Address, Handan Alanlıoğlu, 05/2000)
Tabakalı Ahşap Teknolojisi İle İlginç Bir Uygulama İstanbul (Yapı, Vedat Tokyay, 02/1999)
Buildings for Production of Thermoplastic... (Architecture Skopje, 00/1999)
Söyleşi: Çok Yönlü Bir Mimar: Nevzat Sayın (Marie Claire Maison, Meltem Cansever, 12/1998)
Irmak Anaokulu (Arredamento Mimarlık, Atilla Yücel, 06/1998)
Yapı Merkezi Prefabrikasyon Ürünleri İle Model Ev Mimari Tasarım:Nevzat Sayın (Yapı, Ülkü Arıoğlu, 07/1997)
Shell General Headquarters, Gön Leather Factory, Vefateks Faktory Mosque (An Architectural Guide, 00/1997)
Nevzat Sayın (Architects in the World, 00/1995)
Ödüllü Bir Fabrika Binası (Vizyon Dekorasyon, 07/1993)
Borovalıların Yeniköy'deki Evi (Vizyon Dekorasyon, 05/1993)

Sources

References

1954 births
Living people
Turkish architects


title: Michael Honywood

text:
Michael Honywood D.D. (1597 – 7 December 1681) was an English churchman, Dean of Lincoln from 1660. Honywood was a bibliophile and he founded and funded the Lincoln Cathedral Library.

Life
He was sixth son and ninth child of Robert Honywood of Charing, Kent, and of Marks Hall, Essex, by his second wife, Elizabeth,  daughter of Sir Thomas Browne of Betchworth Castle, Surrey; Mary Honywood was his grandmother, and the parliamentarian Sir Thomas Honywood an elder brother. He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in January 1615, M.A. 1618, B.D. 1636, and D.D. (by royal mandate) 1661.

Honywood became fellow of Christ's, where Thomas Bainbridge was master, and served the university offices of taxor in 1623, and of proctor in 1628. Richard Crackenthorpe, a friend, records help received from Honywood in his work on logic. He took part in college management, and helped forward the erection of the new fellows' buildings, completed in 1644, by advancing money, which was not repaid till 27 August 1649. While Honywood remained a fellow, John Milton was not eligible for a fellowship, under a statute limiting fellows to just one per county (by birth: Honywood and Milton were both born in Middlesex.

In 1640 Honywoood was appointed to the college living of Kegworth, Leicestershire, but he did not reside there; and when the First English Civil War threatened Cambridge at the beginning of 1642, he crossed to the Low Countries. During the protectorate he was at Utrecht, enjoying the friendship of William Sancroft and devoting himself to the collection of books. Another fellow bibliophile and friend from this time was Thomas Browne.

In 1643 Bainbridge ineffectually wrote to Honywood urging him to return, so as not to exceed the statutable limit of absence, which would defeat his wish that Honywood should succeed him as master. In 1645 Honywood was still abroad. Over Bainbridge's protests, the parliamentary commissioners for Leicestershire sequestered Honywood's living of Kegworth, and a new rector was appointed in 1649.

At the Restoration Honywood returned to England, and resumed his living in Kegworth. The sectaries in his parish gave him some trouble, and in 1667 Richard Gibson, a Quaker who refused to pay his tithes, was thrown into prison, and was detained there for several years at Honywood's suit. Some of the fellows of Christ's College hoped that he might be appointed master, at a time when Ralph Cudworth held the post.

On 12 October 1660 Honywood was installed dean of Lincoln, retaining Kegworth in commendam for the rest of his life. He set to work to repair the damage done to Lincoln Cathedral and its precincts, and re-established the long-suspended choral service, finding money for both from his own purse. He defended the old rights of the dean and chapter and reasserted the franchises of the close.

Honywood died unmarried at his deanery on 7 December 1681, aged 85. He gave £100 towards the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral. Friends included Herbert Thorndike, Humphrey Henchman and George Morley, and Samuel Pepys, who called him "a simple priest, though a good well-meaning man" (Diary, 6 August 1664).

Lincoln Cathedral library

Honywood's major work contribution to Lincoln Cathedral was to spend £780 of his own money on the library which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, on the site of the ruined north walk of the cloister. In this building he placed 5,000 of his own books, which he presented to the chapter. Honywood's books were in two collections. His first collection was gathered in England and it had been seized by Parliamentary forces when he was abroad. His brothers are thought to have interceded as his eldest brother was a Parliamentarian colonel. The second part of the collection consisted of the books that Honywood had purchased whilst he was in Holland before the Restoration.

The collection contained (2014) a series of rare seventeenth-century tracts, including the first issue of John Milton's Lycidas, his Tetrachordon, and Smectymnuus. Early printed books of William Caxton, Wynkyn de Worde and others, which originally formed part of Honywood's library, were sold by the chapter at the suggestion of Thomas Frognall Dibdin, with his Lincolne Nosegaie.

Today the "Wren Library" contains portraits of Honywood and his grandmother, Mary Honywood, who had 114 grandchildren.

Family

Honeywood's grandmother was Mary Honywood a woman known for her longevity and the number of descendants she had.

Notes

Attribution

1597 births
1681 deaths
17th-century English Anglican priests
Deans of Lincoln
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
English book and manuscript collectors


title: Ogonnelloe GAA

text:
Ogonnelloe GAA  is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the parish of Ogonnelloe, County Clare in Ireland. The club field teams in hurling competitions.

Ogonnelloe enjoyed their most successful times over a 20 year duration when they climbed from Junior in 1988 through Intermediate which they won in 1995, into senior where they remained until 2009.
During this time they collected a Junior 'A' and Intermediate championship, as well as a Clare Cup and two Senior 'B' championships.
Ogonnelloe currently compete at Intermediate level.

Since 2005, Ogonnelloe have been amalgamated with Scariff GAA at underage level up to U-21. In the second year of the amalgamation they enjoyed a great run in the U-21 'A' Championship, concluding in a narrow loss to Newmarket-on-Fergus in the final replay. In the years since then, they have tasted success at U-14, U-15, U-16 and Minor 'B' and 'C' level.
Scariff/Ogonnelloe won the U-21 'A' Championship in 2022, the first championship win at 'A' grade for the amalgamation.

In January 2020, Ogonnelloe announced the development of an indoor astro pitch in Dr. Stuart Park.

Major honours
 Clare Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1888
 Clare Senior B Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2005
 Clare Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 1995
 Clare Junior A Hurling Championship (3): 1937, 1988, 2021
 Clare Club Hurling League - Division 1 Div.1 (Clare Cup) (1): 1999
 Clare Hurling League Div.3 (2): 2016, 2021
 Clare Under-21 A Hurling Championship (1): 2022 (with Scariff)

Notable players and club members
Joseph Stuart: 19th President of the GAA
David Forde (Clare hurler): All-Ireland Winner 1997
Patrick McMillan 2018 Winter Olympics' Skier
Damien Varley Former Munster and Ireland rugby player

References

External links
Official Site

Gaelic games clubs in County Clare
Hurling clubs in County Clare


title: It Happened Only Once

text:
It Happened Only Once () is a 1958 West German drama film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Hans Albers, Helga Martin, and Stanislav Ledinek. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in West Berlin. An experienced star recounts the history of the film industry to an aspiring young actress showing a compilation of clips from a variety of German films, many of them featuring Albers himself.

Cast
Hans Albers as himself, Hans Albers
Helga Martin as Sabine
Stanislav Ledinek as Sabine's father
Emmy Burg as Sabine's mother
Karl Hellmer as Barber
Walter Ambrock as Jürgen
Erich Dunskus as Truck Driver
Georg Gütlich as Production Manager
Waltraut Runze as Secretary
Gerda Mallwitz as Secretary
Wolf Harnisch as Kellner in der Filmkantine
Eve Dietrich as Gerti
Alexa von Porembsky as Mutter Schröder
Antonie Jaeckel as Alte Komparsin

References

External links

1950s musical drama films
German musical drama films
Films directed by Géza von Bolváry
West German films
Compilation films
UFA GmbH films
1958 drama films
1958 films
1950s German films
1950s German-language films
Films shot at Tempelhof Studios


title: Mack (publishing)

text:
Mack (stylised as MACK) is an independent art and photography publishing house based in London. Mack works with established and emerging artists, writers and curators, and cultural institutions, releasing around 40 books per year. The publisher was founded in 2010 in London by Michael Mack.

Details
Mack was founded in 2010 in London by Michael Mack, who previously worked as managing director of Steidl, founding the SteidlMack imprint.

Mack takes part in various art and book fairs, showcasing new titles, participating in talks, and organising artist book signings. These annual events include The London Book Fair in March; AIPAD in NYC in April; LA Art Book Fair in April; PhotoLondon in May; Rencontres d'Arles, in July; the NY Art Book Fair in September; Frankfurt Book Fair in October; Paris Photo in November.

In 2011, Michael Mack was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Arts by the University of Plymouth for his contribution to art publishing.

Awards for Mack titles
Deutsche Börse Photography Prize 2009 – won by Paul Graham's a shimmer of possibility.
Paris Photo/Aperture Foundation 2011 – Best PhotoBook from the last fifteen years –  won by Paul Graham's a shimmer of possibility.
Rencontres d'Arles 2011 Contemporary Book Award – won by Taryn Simon's A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters.
Rencontres d'Arles 2012 Author Book Award – won by Christian Patterson's Redheaded Peckerwood.
Deutsche Börse Photography Prize 2013 – won by Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin's War Primer 2.
Leica Oskar Barnack Award 2014 – won by Martin Kollar's Field Trip.
ICP Infinity Award 2014 from the International Center of Photography – won by Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin's Holy Bible.
Paris Photo 2016 Photobook of the Year  –  won by Gregory Halpern's ZZYZX.
Paris Photo/Aperture Foundation 2018 Photography Catalogue of the Year – won by Ursula Schulz-Dornburg's The Land in Between.
Rencontres d'Arles 2018 Photo Text Book Award – won by Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin's War Primer 2.
Richard Schlagman Art Book Awards 2019 Contemporary Art Award – won by Thomas Demand's The Complete Papers.

First Book Award
In 2012, Mack established the First Book Award, in collaboration with the National Media Museum, Bradford and the Wilson Centre for Photography, London. This annual photography publishing award is open to photographers who have not previously had a book published by a third party publishing house (this does not include self-published print on demand projects). The call for submissions emphasises a predilection for projects conceived in book form: works that find a voice through the book. The award is not an open submission – but instead each year, a diverse array of international nominators are asked to recommend suitable projects. Submissions open in January, the winner is announced in April, and the winning work is published by Mack and the National Media Museum in June.

Winners
2012: Anne Sophie Merryman, Mrs. Merryman's Collection.
2013: Paul Salveson, Between the Shell.
2014: Joanna Piotrowska, FROWST.
2015: Ciarán Óg Arnold, I went to the worst of bars hoping to get killed. but all I could do was to get drunk again.
2016: Sofia Borges, The Swamp.
2017: Emmanuelle Andrianjafy, Nothing's in Vain.
2018: Hayahisa Tomiyasu, TTP.
2019: Jerome Ming, Oobanken.
2020: Damian Heinisch, 45.
2021: Marvel Harris, Marvel.

References

External links

First Book Award
Michael Mack describes his photobook publishing (video)
Interview with Michael Mack by Paper Journal

Companies based in the London Borough of Lewisham
2010 establishments in England
Publishing companies established in 2010
Visual arts publishing companies
Book publishing companies based in London
Photography companies of the United Kingdom


title: Sir Richard Musgrave, 3rd Baronet, of Hayton Castle

text:
Sir Richard Musgrave, 3rd Baronet (c. 1675 – 11 October 1711) was an English baronet and politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Cumberland in 1701, and from 1702 to 1708.

He succeeded to the baronetcy, of Hayton Castle, in 1710.

References

1675 births
Year of birth uncertain
1711 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
English MPs 1701
English MPs 1702–1705
English MPs 1705–1707
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1707–1708


title: No Rest for the Wicked (song)

text:
"No Rest for the Wicked" is a song by Swedish singer and songwriter Lykke Li from her third studio album, I Never Learn (2014). It was released as the album's lead single on 20 March 2014 through LL Recordings. A remix of the song, featuring American rapper ASAP Rocky, was released on 28 April 2014.

Background
"No Rest for the Wicked" was written and produced by Lykke Li and Björn Yttling for Li's third studio album, I Never Learn (2014). The singer spent two-and-a-half years writing the album in Los Angeles, California, following the end of a long-term romantic relationship. "No Rest for the Wicked", the second song she penned for the album, was written in Sweden, prior to her move to Los Angeles. Regarding the song, she told The Guardian, "I wrote it in Sweden when I was packing up my shit, and I'd just gotten out of a relationship and it was a horrible time. I just had the hurt, shame, sadness, guilt, longing." The vocal track used in the final song is a demo. Yttling played the acoustic guitar, the Moog Taurus and the zither on "No Rest for the Wicked". Erik Arvinder, Anderas Forsman, Erik Holm and Ketil Solberg played the violin, while Cecilia Linné played the cello and Anders Pettersson played the steel guitar. Mariam Wallentin provided additional vocals.

Critical reception
"No Rest for the Wicked" garnered positive reviews from music critics. Michael Cragg of The Guardian called it "vintage Lykke Li". He noted that while it is "obviously incredibly sad", it still manages to never be "morose or cloying" as "there's something almost uplifting about wallowing in [Li's] pain". Jamieson Cox of Time felt the song was a "strong preview" to I Never Learn. Alex Young of Consequence of Sound said it is not a "prototypical sad song" as the accented piano instrumentation and the "booming" chorus add "a sense of hope" in the midst of the melancholic lyrics. While reviewing I Never Learn for The Independent, Andy Gill recommended readers to  download "No Rest for the Wicked", while Sara Harowitz of Exclaim! picked it as a standout on the album, complementing its drum beats. MusicOMH writer John Murphy likened it to Li's previous singles "I Follow Rivers" and "Sadness Is a Blessing", labeling it a "future classic". Drowned in Sounds Tom Fenwick named it a "truly captivating single".

Remix
A remixed version of "No Rest for the Wicked", featuring American rapper ASAP Rocky, premiered exclusively on Beats Music on 21 April 2014. The remix was later made available for download on digital retailers on 28 April 2014. While the instrumentation and Li's vocals are untouched, the remix adds a "thumping" bass line and a rap verse by ASAP Rocky. Corinne Cummings of Rolling Stone rated the remix three stars out of five, writing, "The combination doesn't always exceed the sum of its parts, but Sad Rocky's lyrics – 'If love don't work, it just gon' hurt/It all goes bad, it just get worse' – have their charms." John Surico of Spin commented that "So as unlikely as the Swedish singer's recruitment of ASAP Rocky for a remix may look on paper, the team-up actually makes some solid sense."

Music video
The music video for "No Rest for the Wicked" was directed by Tarik Saleh and released on 10 April 2014.

Track listings
Digital download
"No Rest for the Wicked" – 3:43
E-Dubble - no rest for the wicked
Digital EP – Remixes
"No Rest for the Wicked" (featuring ASAP Rocky) – 3:03
"No Rest for the Wicked" (Klangkarussell remix) – 3:37
"No Rest for the Wicked" (Joris Voorn remix) – 6:06
"No Rest for the Wicked" (Ten Ven remix) – 6:19

Digital download – ASAP Rocky remix
"No Rest for the Wicked" (featuring ASAP Rocky) – 3:03

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the single CD liner notes of "No Rest for the Wicked".

 Lykke Li – lead vocals, production, songwriting
Björn Yttling – production, songwriting, acoustic guitar, Taurus, zither
 Anders Pettersson – steel guitar
 Mariam Wallentin – additional vocals
 Andreas Forsman – violin

Ketil Solberg – violin
Erik Arvinder – violin
Erik Holm – violin
Cecilia Linné – cello

Charts

References

External links

2014 singles
2014 songs
2010s Atlantic Records singles
Lykke Li songs
Songs written by Björn Yttling
Songs written by Lykke Li


title: Triticum urartu

text:
Triticum urartu, also known as red wild einkorn wheat, and a form of einkorn wheat, is a grass species related to wheat, and native to western Asia. It is a diploid species whose genome is the A genome of the allopolyploid hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum, which has genomes AABBDD.

References

Pooideae
Wheat
Cytogenetics


title: Oryza punctata

text:
Oryza punctata is an annual grass in the rice genus Oryza, also known as red rice, related to cultivated rice O. sativa. O. punctata forms clumps or tussocks from 50–120 cm tall. It is a native to tropical Africa and Madagascar but is also found in Thailand and other parts of Indochina. O. punctata is a weed species in commercial rice growing operations although it appears to be rare in its native range. O. punctata has an IUCN status of least concern. It is not generally eaten or used as fodder by farmers but there is some evidence that it has been used as such during periods of famine. Due to the importance of the crop varieties of rice (Oryza. sativa and O. glaberrima) globally, the evolution of the Oryza genus as a whole has been studied extensively. A lot of information about O. punctata has been elucidated as a secondary benefit to this commercial research. O. punctata evolved some 5 million years ago in the second of two rapid radiation events that occurred in the Oryza L. genus.

Description

Oryza punctata is a caespitose (tussock forming) annual hydrophyte (grows in/ on water). The culm base of O. punctata is spongy and greater than 4mm in diameter. The culm is glabrous (smooth and without hairs) and striate (parallel longitudinal grooves); it is erect or geniculately (bent like a knee) ascending and from 50–120 cm tall with 3-5 nodes. The leaf sheath is scarious, often spongy, aerenchymous (spongy tissue that forms spaces of air channels), distinctly striate, it can be loose and often slips away from stem, rounded or slightly keeled towards the upper section, auricled at the mouth, smooth and glabrous. Leaf Lamina are between 15–45 cm and 0.5-2.5 cm in length and width respectively, they are linear or narrowly elliptic, acuminate, broadest in the middle, pale green or rarely glaucous, slightly flaccid, expanded or folded at the midrib, asperulous (slightly rough), has a distinct midrib visible beneath. Ligules are mostly greater than 4mm in length and up to 8mm; they are soft, rounded, truncate or somewhat acute, whitish and often split along their longitudinal axis when dried; ligules are occasionally lacerate/ glabrous.  Flowering occurs from November to April. Inflorescence panicles branch structure is spreading, 15-35 x 3–17 cm, solitary or occasionally adnate; narrow to widely elliptic or occasionally fan shaped. These panicles are erect or drooping slightly, rachides obtusely angular; glabrous or inconspicuously scaberulous, pedicels 2-5mm in length. Spikelet length and width are between 4.9-6.5mm and 1.9-2.6mm respectively (length is usually 2.5x width). Spikelets are transversely attached to the pedicel, they are asymmetrically elliptic to oblong or broadly oblong viewed laterally, glaucous/ greyish-green. Intermediate forms have been observed where it can be difficult to distinguish between O. punctata and O. eichingeri. Glumes are much reduced to a thin whitish rim. Sterile lemmas are about equal in dimensions,1-1.5mm in length, glabrous, acute and triangular. Fertile lemma are just shorter than the spikelet, they are semi-elliptic-oblong when viewed laterally, coriaceous; flanks are finely tesselate, shortly but stiffly hispid or rarely glabrous, keel and margins are ciliate, lateral apical protrusions almost always distinct. O. punctata awns are pale yellow, have rigid bristles which are straight or flexuous and commonly exceed 3 cm (2-7.5 cm) in length. Palea are shorter and thinner than the lemma, apex acute or tapering into a point. Anthers are 1.3-1.5mm long and oblong shaped with a pale violet colour. Botanically the Fruits of rice plants are known as caryopses, which here are 4-4.75mm x 1.5-1.75mm in length and width respectively; they are oblong, glabrous and pale brown.

Etymology

The common name for Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steud. is Red rice.  Oryza is a noun meaning rice in Late Latin (orȳza), it has origins in Ancient Greek (órūza) which lent from an Eastern Iranian language. Punctata means pointed or punctuated in Latin. The former most likely applies to this species. The synonym Oryza Schweinfurthiana Prodoehl. was published in Bot. Arch. (1922) but is not accepted.

Habitat and Ecology

Oryza punctata grows in rock-pools, permanent pools near rain forest and swampy soils near streams. O. punctata is a pest plant in commercial rice cultivation in Eswatini The plant itself is of no use for grazing although there is some recorded use of the species for food in Kenya. O. punctata is one of two wild rice species that can be found in Madagascar. It only produces a small number of seeds and so if it is eaten at all, it is usually during a period of desperation such as a famine.

Distribution
Oryza punctata is distributed across tropical Africa and Madagascar as well as Thailand and other parts of Indo-China. In terms of altitude, O. punctata can be found between 33 and 1230m above sea level. O. punctata has a large geographic distribution. It is native to Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Taxonomy and systematics

Oryza punctata is one of over 300,000 flowering plant species. O. punctata is in the Poaceae family (Grasses) belonging to a large clade known as the Monocotyledon (Monocots), which consists of 93 families. Monocots are characterised by a single cotyledon, parallel leaf venation and scattered vascular bundles. Earliest evidence of Monocots is based on fossil pollen and dates back to the early Aptian some 117mya as read in. Earliest grass pollen and flower fossils date back to approximately 60-55mya but Poaceae only became dominant over many other plants groups about 24 mya; this is thought to be due to cooling and drying of the environment.
The genus Oryza L. (Rice) diverged from the rest of Poaceae (Grasses) relatively recently, approximately 14 mya. Oryza L. originated in Asia and began to diversify, spreading to Australia, America and Africa in 3, 1 and 4 separate dispersal events respectively. Oryza L. has experienced two rapid radiation periods: the first event happened about 10 mya and the second - more recent - took place 5 mya. These two rapid radiation periods can account for the majority of diversity within the genus, the second of which lead to the emergence of Oryza punctata. Additional research is needed to investigate relationship between these radiation events and geographic dispersal events.

Rice (Oryza L.) has been widely studied in systematics and many other disciplines due to its agricultural importance, making up 19% of the calories consumed worldwide every day. A taxonomic description of Oryza punctata has been provided above. With global populations set to reach 10 billion by 2050, it is essential to improve key crops species such as rice. Systematics can help play a role in identifying wild crop relatives and investigating them for useful genetic adaptations. While O. punctata may itself be a pest species in paddy fields, wild rice species are seen as a valuable source of useful genes which can be carried over into agricultural species. Resistance to brown planthopper (BPH) and Zigzag leafhopper (ZLH) have been seen in O. punctata, which infests commercial rice plants.

Status

Oryza punctata L. is listed as a species of least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This means the species has been assessed and is not a focus for species conservation. However, O. punctata has been cited as a rare species in some parts of native range such as Uganda, or stated that it had a rare frequency in southern Africa.

References

punctata
Grasses of Africa
Flora of West Tropical Africa
Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
Flora of East Tropical Africa
Flora of South Tropical Africa
Flora of Southern Africa
Flora of the Western Indian Ocean


title: Zorobabela Kaʻauwai

text:
Zorobabela Kaʻauwai (/1806 – August 8, 1856) was an early politician and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Beginning as an assistant to the Hoapili, Governor of Maui, he served many political posts including Assistant Judge of the first Supreme Court of Hawaii, an original member of the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, a multiple-term representative in the Hawaiian legislature and circuit judge for Maui. An early convert to Christianity and devout adherent of the Protestant faith, his first name is a Hawaiian form of the Biblical name Zerubbabel.

Early life
Kaʻauwai was born around 1799 or 1806, in the district of Kona on the island of Hawaii. Although not of chiefly descent, his family belonged to the "old class of chief's right-hand men." Later historian Jon Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio stated he was a chief, of Maui lineage. At a young age, he attracted the attention of Kamehameha I and later came under the patronage of High Chief Hoapili, one of Kamehameha's advisor and loyal companion and later Governor of Maui. He worked in the household of Hoapili and became his loyal subject. Later writer noted that Kaʻauwai "must have been an extraordinary youth to secure, as he did, the confidence and love of this old chieftain."

Kaʻauwai revered Hoapili as a father figure and accompanied him into battle and fought in the 1824 rebellion of Humehume, on the island of Kauai. He was present when the American missionaries, who arrived in Hawaii in 1820, established a mission station at Lahaina. After the converted Hoapili imposed a law requiring his household retainers to learn the Hawaiian alphabet or otherwise be deprived of food, the obedient Kaʻauwai abstained from food for two entire days and he learned to read and write. He and his friend David Malo became interested in Christianity at the same time and both served as early helpers to the missionaries in Lahaina, although unlike Malo, he was never licensed to preach. Under the order of Hoapili, he helped build the stone church of Kalaniʻohua, on Maui. With Malo, he attended the Lahainaluna became one of the first generation of Hawaiians to receive a western education by the American missionaries who arrived in Hawaii in 1820.
Reginald Yzendoorn, author of History of the Catholic Mission in the Hawaiian Islands, later wrote that Kaʻauwai was a judge and Calvinist deacon who related the burning of the Roman Catholic chapel of Wailuku in 1843 to his mother-in-law Marie Leahi, an early Catholic female catechumen. In the early Hawaiian Protestant mission, deacons did not have to be licensed to preach.

Kaʻauwai became an experienced fisherman, manager of the chief's canoes and an early physician. He worked as his headman or right-hand agent to Governor Hoapili and was effectively the Lieutenant Governor of Maui in all but name. In their first meeting in 1832, Reverend Richard Armstrong described how Hoapili trusted him with all his important business including accessing and collecting taxes, managing his property, and conducting tours of the island of Maui, and thus became a highly respected and well-loved official in the public view. In October 1851, the Privy Council of State, the advisory council for the king, recommended him as a candidate for the Governorship of Maui left vacant by the death of James Kānehoa Young, but the council eventually voted eight to three to recommended the appointment of Prince Lot Kapuāiwa (the future Kamehameha V) instead. However, Prince Lot never seem to have taken up this position either because Kānehoa's deputy Paul Nahaolelua remained acting governor until his own appointment in 1852.

Political career
In 1842, Kaʻauwai was elected by the Hawaiian legislature to serve as one of the four Assistant Judges of the Supreme Court of Hawaii, the first formed in the Kingdom of Hawaii between 1842 and 1848, which was headed by King Kamehameha III and the Kuhina Nui Kekāuluohi and after her death Keoni Ana. These four judges of the Supreme Court were not Associate Justices (like later individuals appointed after 1848) but served in the capacity of an assistant to the Chief Justice, i.e. the King. He sat as a judge from 1842 to 1846, before resigning in November, 1846. He was succeeded by Joshua Kaʻeo. In 1842, King Kamehameha III also appointed Kaʻauwai as one of the five original members of the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles, a government committee in charge of settling or quieting land claims of the Great Māhele. He served in this post from February 10, 1846 until his resignation on March 21, 1850; an experienced attorney Joshua Kekaulahao was appointed in his place after he resigned.

According to historian Samuel Kamakau and contemporary legislative records, Kaʻauwai was one of the early "representatives of the people" who assembled with the king and the chiefs in the first session of the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom which met between April and May 1841, at Luaʻehu, in the early capital of Lahaina.  Instead of a direct vote, these early representatives were appointed by recommendation or petitions from the people of the four main islands to the king. In 1842, Kamakau replaced him as one of the two representative for Maui in the next session. Records and legislative roster from the monarchy do not list him as a representative of the other sessions of the 1840s. After the expansion of representation in the 1850s and the introduction of direct suffrage in 1851, he was elected as a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the legislature, and sat for four terms in the legislative assemblies of 1851, 1852, 1854 and 1855. No records exist for his representation in 1851, but he represented the district of Makawao, Maui in 1852, for Hamakua, Maui in 1854, and for Honolulu, Oahu in 1855.
Writing after his death, Reverend Jonathan Smith Green noted, "As a member of this body, I had the testimony of Judge Lee, often repeated, that no Hawaiian member equalled him for solid worth. Mr. Lee was Speaker once or twice when Kaauwai was a member, and knew him well. Had he lived, he would doubtless have continued to serve his generation by the will of God." He served as a magistrate for Makawao. He was also a judge of the Circuit Court of Maui from April 27, 1855 until his death on August 8, 1856.

Aside from politics, Kaʻauwai was a successful entrepreneur and was regarded as a "man of wealth". He acquired and accumulated extensive property in Honolulu and Maui, and according to Reverend Armstrong, who was pastor at Kawaiahaʻo Church and knew him in later life, stated "He did accumulate property; he had lands, houses, cattle, and money. But he did not hoard these fruits of his industry—he gave freely to aid in every good work; gave for the support of the Gospel; aided in building meeting houses and school houses; in sending the Gospel to the heathen, and in assisting the needy." In March 1849, he attempted to purchase the island of Kahoʻolawe from the King and the Land Commission. Kaʻauwai offered $400 for the entire island, which had been previously used unsuccessfully as a male penal colony. The offer was refused by the King and his Privy Council of State, and a subsequent application dated to August 18, 1854 for a fifty-year lease at $200 per year was also declined. He also worked as a farmer and acquired property on Maui for growing taro and banana, which he won prizes for at the Hawaiian Agricultural Society in 1851.

In later life, he became a resident of Wailuku and Makawao and was a donor and attendant of the church at Makawao, founded by Reverend Green, after developing a rift with the Wailuku Congregational Church. Falling ill while he was in Honolulu, Kaʻauwai returned to his native Maui for a change of climate which did nothing to improve his health. He died at Makawao, on August 8, 1856. In a letter dated to October 6, 1856, Reverend Jonathan Smith Green, who had befriended him during his lifetime as a parishioner of the Makawao church, wrote a short biography of Kaʻauwai which was published in The American Missionary.

Family and children

Kaʻauwai married Kalanikauleleiaiwi III, a high chiefess of the Maui lineage descended from Piʻilani, and a relative of the family of High Chief Hoapili. His mother-in-law Marie Leahi was an early Roman Catholic female catechumen.
With Kalanikauleleiaiwi he had four children: three sons including David Kahalekula Kaʻauwai (1833–1856), William Hoapili Kaʻauwai (1835–1874), and George Kaleiwohi Kaʻauwai (1843–1883) and a daughter who died in infancy before 1848. His eldest son David Kahalekula Kaʻauwai served alongside his father in the House of Representatives, from 1854 to 1855, and was considered "one of the finest Hawaiian orators".
His second son William Hoapili Kaʻauwai also served in the legislator as a Representative for Wailuku for two terms in 1862 and 1870. He became the only ordained Hawaiian Anglican priest and traveled with his wife Kiliwehi as part of the retinue of Queen Emma during her trip to Europe. His youngest son George Kaleiwohi Kaʻauwai married Ulalia Muolo Keaweheulu Laʻanui, and their daughter was Princess Elizabeth Kahanu Kalanianaʻole, wife of Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, the second Congressional Delegate from the Territory of Hawaii.

Notes

References

Bibliography

1799 births
1806 births
1856 deaths
Hawaiian nobility
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives
Hawaiian Kingdom judges
Justices of the Hawaii Supreme Court
People from Maui
Native Hawaiian politicians
Hawaiian Kingdom politicians
Converts to Protestantism
Hawaiian Kingdom Protestants
People from Wailuku, Hawaii
Lahainaluna School alumni
19th-century judges
19th-century politicians


title: Echinopsis (sea urchin)

text:
Echinopsis is an extinct genus of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea.

These slow-moving low-level epifaunal grazers lived from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene periods (125.45 - 5.332 Ma). Fossils of this genus have been found in the sediments of Madagascar, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan, United States and Switzerland.

References

Glyphocyphidae
Extinct animals of Asia
Cretaceous echinoderms


title: Sir Richard Musgrave, 3rd Baronet, of Tourin

text:
Sir Richard Musgrave, 3rd Baronet (6 January 1790 – 7 July 1859) was an Irish baronet and politician.

Early life
He was the eldest son of Sir Christopher Frederick Musgrave, 2nd Baronet and Jane Beere (a daughter of John Beere of Ballyboy, County Tipperary). Among his siblings was John Musgrave and Anne Musgrave.

Musgrave's uncle, and namesake, Sir Richard Musgrave had been a collector of excise for the port of Dublin and the author of an anti-Catholic History of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and sat for Lismore in the Irish Parliament from 1778 to 1800. On his death in 1818, his Irish estates and baronetcy had passed to his brother, Musgrave's father.

He graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1807.

Career

Musgrave was a Member of Parliament for County Waterford in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1831 to 1832 and, again, from 1835 to 1837. At the 1832 dissolution, Musgrave retired from county Waterford. He was elected unopposed as a Liberal in 1835 and stood down in 1837. Thereafter he was active in the local repeal campaign and in 1843 publicly resigned his commission of the peace in protest at the Peel administration's dismissal of magistrates who had attended repeal meetings.

He succeeded to the baronetcy, of Tourin, in September 1826, which had been created for his uncle, Sir Richard Musgrave, in 1782.

Personal life
On 29 July 1815, Musgrave was married to Frances Newcome, daughter of William Newcome, D.D., Primate of Ireland. Together, they were the parents of five sons:

 Sir Richard Musgrave, 4th Baronet (1820–1874), who married Frances Mary Yates, the eldest of five daughters of John Ashton Yates, MP for County Carlow. Her sister Mary Ellen Yates was the second wife of Robert Needham Philips, MP for Bury, and her youngest sister, Sophia Yates, was married to Louis Tennyson-d'Eyncourt, a cousin of Lord Alfred Tennyson and the youngest son of the Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt of Bayons Manor.
 Christopher Musgrave (1823–1872)
 Robert Musgrave (1830–1878)
 Edward Musgrave (1834–1911), who married Anastasia Letitia Gee, a daughter of James Gee.
 John Musgrave (1840–1870)

Sir Richard died at Whiting Bay, County Waterford, on 7 July 1859 and was succeeded by his eldest son Richard.

Descendants
Through his eldest son Richard, he was a grandfather of Sir Richard John Musgrave, 5th Baronet (1850–1930).

Through his son Edward, he was a grandfather of James Musgraves, and great-grandfather of Sir Christopher Norman Musgrave, 6th Baronet (1892–1956)

References

External links

1790 births
1859 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Waterford constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1835–1837


title: Roland Dille

text:
Roland Paul Dille (September 16, 1924 – May 26, 2014) was an American academic. He was president of Minnesota State University Moorhead (MSUM) from 1968 to 1994.

Biography
Dille was born on a farm near Dassel, Minnesota. He took a bachelor’s degree in English Literature at the University of Minnesota. While serving in the Army during World War II he was awarded the Bronze Star. After military service, he earned a doctorate from Minnesota in 1962, with a thesis "David Garnett and the Bloomsbury group."

Career
From 1956 to 1961 he taught at St. Olaf College in Northfield, then at California Lutheran College, and finally came to Moorhead in 1963. He was dean of academic affairs there from 1966, and president from 1968. He retired in 1994.

Honors
Member, National Council for the Humanities
President of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities
Acting chancellor of the Minnesota State University System

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
Minnesota State University Moorhead faculty
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
St. Olaf College faculty
People from Meeker County, Minnesota


title: Pony Verma

text:
Rashmi Verma (born 15 September 1977), known professionally as Pony Verma, is an Indian dance choreographer, who began her career in the year 2000. She has also done a dance reality show, Chak Dhoom Dhoom for Colors channel. Pony Verma married actor Prakash Raj on 24 August 2010. They have one child together: a boy born in February 2016.

Filmography

References

External links

 Pony Verma – Bollywood’s ace choreographer
 Pony Verma Received Gr8 Women Awards 2015 in Dubai

Living people
Indian women choreographers
Indian choreographers
1977 births


title: Toorale Station

text:
Toorale Station is a defunct pastoral lease that once operated as a sheep station and cattle station in New South Wales.  The station was purchased by the Federal and New South Wales Governments, and Toorale National Park was declared on a portion in 2010. The remaining area is now part of a  state conservation area.

The property is situated approximately  south west of Bourke and  north of Cobar. The confluence of the Warrego River and the Darling River is located on the property.

History
It was first established in 1857.  The old shearing shed was built in 1873.

By 1880, it was owned by Sir Samuel Wilson.  When Sir Samuel went to England, Samuel McCaughey bought Toorale along with another property, Dunlop Station. In 1894 about 265,000 sheep were shorn there. McCaughy owned the property until 1913.

In 1892 the poet, Henry Lawson worked as a roustabout in the Toorale woolshed. Lawson composed many works including A Stranger on the Darling, Bourke and Bosses Boots while at working at Toorale.

The Australian Sheep Farms Limited–with directors including Sir Arthur Stanley, R. H. Caird and G. Slade–raised £400,000 in capital to acquire Toorale, Dunlop and Nocoleche Stations in 1925.

Shearing in 1931 took nine weeks and had 24 shearers pass 81,000 sheep over the boards for 2,095 wool bales. In 1936 Toorale was placed on the market, at this time it occupied an area of  and was stocked with 54,355 sheep and 1,089 mixed cattle.

The last big wool clip from the station was in 1953 with 2,100 wool bales being produced. Toorale was owned by the Berawinnia Pastoral Company and had run flocks of between 50,000 and 100,000 sheep for the last several years. Much of the property was then resumed for soldier settlement.

The property occupied an area of  in 2008. In the same year it was acquired by the Federal and New South Wales Governments for 24 million. It had been planned to turn the area into a National Park with the century-old dams to be demolished with the water flowing into the river system. The  Toorale National Park was declared in 2010, the remaining area now being part of a state conservation area.

See also
List of ranches and stations

References

Stations in New South Wales


title: Ramón Massó Tarruella

text:
Ramón Massó Tarruella (1928-2017) was a Spanish media and communications expert, known also for his role in Carlism of the 1960s. He gained nationwide recognition in the 1970s and 1980s, when as academic, theorist and brand communications specialist he published numerous books and co-ran a media agency. In historiography he is moderately recognized for his role in politics of mid-Francoism. He was leading the group of young Carlist activists who challenged the Traditionalists and eventually ensured domination of the progressist current. However, his bid to promote prince Carlos Hugo as a future monarch and as an alternative to prince Juan Carlos failed.

Family and youth

Massó descended from an established, well-to-do Catalan bourgeoisie family. His grandfather Ramón Massó Marcer (died 1936) originated from a seaside town of Sant Pere de Ribes. In 1885, during rapid expansion of the Catalan textile industry, he moved to Barcelona to set up his own business. He started a company which specialized in production of textile dyes; fairly successful, in 1902 it was turned into R. Massó y Cía, Sociedad Colectiva. His son, Juan Massó Soler (died 1975), entered the family business in 1912 and developed it into a diversified chemical company. Massó Soler also owned real estate in the then suburban Barcelona zone of Pedralbes. He was member of many Catalan commercial and trade institutions, e.g. Sociedad Economica Barcelonesa de Amigos del País or Asociación de Químicos Textiles. At unspecified time, though probably in the mid-1920s, he married Nuria Tarruella Riu; the couple lived in Pedralbes, in the luxury Massó mansion at Avenida Pearson.

Juan and Nuria had 8 children, 3 sons and 5 daughters, all raised in deeply Catholic and moderately conservative ambience. There is nothing known about the early schooling years of Ramón, which occurred in the early 1930s. Following outbreak of the civil war and in circumstances which are not clear the Massó family left the revolution-engulfed Barcelona and somehow made it to the Nationalist zone; they settled in San Sebastián. After the end of hostilities the family returned to Barcelona, where Massó Soler resumed his chemical business. None of the sources consulted provides information whether in the mid-1940s the young Ramón – who turned 18 in 1946 - was studying or perhaps he got engaged in the family enterprise. Some time in the late 1940s he moved to Madrid and enrolled at the Filosofia y Letras faculty in Universidad Central. He got a degree in philosophy with a thesis on "temas pedagógicos de innovación educativa"; the year of Massó’s graduation is not clear, though it was likely 1954. In the mid-1950s he moved to Bilbao to commence teaching at Colegio Gaztelueta, a school founded few years earlier by Opus Dei (Massó entered Opus in 1948) and the local high bourgeoisie of Getxo.

Massó has never married and had no children. His brothers José Luis and Juan Antonio joined the family company. In the 1960s José Luis, acting as co-owner and CEO, turned it into Comercial Química Massó Sociedad Anónima, which expanded into new market sectors and remains active until today; he was also known as engaged in the Barcelona football club, RCD Español. The youngest brother Juan Antonio left the world of business and commenced studying canon law; he was ordained as a priest in 1965. Following his transfer to Australia he later became the Regional Vicar of Opus Dei, the position retained until his death. Another known Massó’s relative was his distant paternal uncle, Ramón Oliveras Massó; a chemist, in the early 1930s he was director of the Barcelona-based Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales and taught there until 1936.

Early Carlist engagements (until 1955)

Massó’s father politically was related to moderate Catalanist conservatism and held minor posts in Lliga Regionalista. Later in Francoist Spain he approached and possibly even joined Carlism, but until the civil war there were no Carlist "antecedentes familiares". Hence, it is not clear what mechanism was at work when Ramón, at the time a 9-year-old, during the wartime exile years in San Sebastián joined the Carlist juvenile organisation, Pelayos. When in aftermath of political Francoist amalgamation it was merged with the Falangist youth branch Flechas Massó withdrew. As a boy he took part in the 1937 anti-unification demonstrations, shouting "death to Franco" and "death to Falange". Having returned to Barcelona he remained active in informal Carlist youth structures and attended Carlist rallies; according to his own later account it was during the 1945 Montserrat aplec that he became determined to act whatever it takes.

During his academic years at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s Massó found himself part of a wave of young Carlist students, active in Madrid. They were increasingly irritated by what they perceived as complacent, somnabulic atmosphere of Carlist círculos. He was neither impressed by theoretical works by Traditionalist pundits like Rafael Gambra, which he found intellectually refined, but of little practical value. He was rather fascinated by José Ortega y Gasset and his vision of politics as action; he formatted his Carlist vision as activism pushing the limits of what was possible. He did not attend courses of the Carlist Academia Vázquez de Mella, though he joined Agrupación de Estudiantes Tradicionalistas, a technically illegal though tolerated Carlist student organization.

Enraged by increasing marginalization of Carlism within Francoist Spain, Massó developed his childish anti-Falangist sentiments into a firm anti-Francoist outlook. In the early 1950s together with other AET activists he engaged in leafleting campaigns against Sindicato Español Universitario, the official and the only legal academic organisation; he took part also in rallies and minor skirmishes against the SEU members, which eventually produced dismissal of the SEU president, Jorge Jordana de Fuentes. In 1952 for the first time he had the opportunity to meet the Carlist claimant Don Javier; Massó took part in a banquet which accompanied the Eucharistic Congress in Barcelona, where the pretender made some political declarations. He gradually emerged among the Madrid AET leaders. In 1954 (according to some sources in 1955) the Carlist political leader, Manuel Fal Conde, nominated him Delegado Nacional de la AET, the leader of the organisation.

Launch of Carlos Hugo (1956-1961)

In the mid-1950s Massó served as a link between AET members in Bilbao and Madrid. Disturbed by rumors of possible reconciliation between the Alfonsist and Carlist claimants, in early 1956 they met Don Javier en transit in Bilbao; during extremely emotional encounter they tried to dissuade him from a dynastical union. At the 1956 annual Montejurra rally Massó as AET representative spoke for the first time, and against somewhat reserved and vague monarchism of the likes of Zubiaur, he openly hailed "Rey Javier". However, disappointed with claimant’s ambiguity, the Massó-led aetistas have already decided to focus on his eldest son Hugues, with whom the group found common ground during his earlier brief stay in Madrid. Settled in Bilbao, since late 1956 the prince was being introduced to Carlism by the Massó-led team until he made a public debut during the annual Montejurra amassment in 1957. The entry, repeatedly rehearsed, meticulously planned and pre-agreed with the Carlist leadership, turned out to be a masterpiece of public appearance. Massó and his team ensured that La Proclama de Montejurra gets propagated in Carlist circulos across Spain.

The address of prince Hugues sounded like an offer to Franco. Massó crafted it as part of "colaboracionismo táctico", a strategy of ill-willed collaboration with Francoism in order to gain room for further action; it was opposed to "colaboracionismo puro", promoted since the mid-1950s by the new Carlist leader, Valiente, who sincerely hoped for some sort of prudent partnership between Francoism and Carlism. However, the fiercely anti-Francoist AET rank-and-file did not distinguish between such subtleties and in late 1957 Massó was deposed from leadership of the organisation. Nonetheless, he continued along the same path; during the 1958 Montejurra in another Massó-written address Hugues reiterated vaguely pro-Francoist themes, combined with focus on social issues. The same year the prince asked Massó to settle in Paris and run his future political secretariat, the proposal he declined.

During the AET congress in 1959 Massó advocated his strategy of limited collaboration, enveloped in a vision of renovated, socially sensitive Carlism; it failed to get him a place in the executive. He shifted attention from AET to building a following for prince Hugues, with ambitious plan of "intentar la conquista del Estado" in the background. At the turn of the decades he took place and organized numerous public Traditionalist acts mobilizing support, including address at the 1960 Montejurra or lecture during Semana Nacional de Estudios the same year. He was also behind the action of re-positioning prince Hugues as "Carlos Hugo", with reference to iconic Carlist name. He convinced the prince to settle permanently in Madrid; the latter still wanted him to head his secretaría política, but because of opposition on part of his Opus Dei superiors, Massó initially declined. It was only in 1961 that the prince took up residence in the capital; Massó quit his job in Bilbao, also moved to Madrid and as secretario paricular he became "sombra inseparable" of Carlos Hugo.

Head of secretaría (1961-1965)

Massó became head of Carlos Hugo’s secretaría política, a team composed mostly of people in their 20s. The group, dubbed "camarilla", focused primarily on promotion of the prince as the would-be king of Spain; the campaign was clearly calibrated against prince Juan Carlos, who at the time was gradually emerging as potential Franco’s successor and the future monarch. They posed as allies of the regime and seemed aligned with Valiente’s collaborative approach; the strategy partially worked and the carlohuguistas were allowed to launch an array of periodicals; Massó published especially in Azada y Asta, though he edited also Información Mensual. and collaborated with Montejurra. The group used these titles as platforms for advocating what they presented as a new, progressist version of Carlism. They were posing as faithful partisans who either merely sought "agiornamento" of the doctrine, or who focused on the genuine, socially-minded basis of the movement.

Already in the early 1960s Massó-led secretaría found themselves suspected of nurturing subversive, progressist, anti-Traditionalist ideas. He claimed to have been a renovator of Carlist orthodoxy and avoided open confrontation with Traditionalist core of the movement; his memoranda which advocated change focused rather on technical, not ideological issues. In 1962-63 Massó skillfully outplayed his chief opponent, José Luis Zamanillo, and got him expelled; he also worked to isolate other groupings, like Siempre. A series of prince-supported reorganizations in the party followed; they diluted power in the top party layer. In 1963 the Massó-led secretaría effectively took control of the main office; though not holding any post in the executive, he became of the key party decision-makers. From this moment on the carlohuguistas spelled out their vision of Carlism more openly; in 1964 they published a progressist ideological lecture, Esquema doctrinal.

The ideological catch-phrase advanced across Spain was "monarchy of July 18", but Massó formatted the 1961-1964 public campaign in favor of Carlos Hugo rather as a series of "golpes de efecto", a communication strategy engineered to target the emerging consumer society. Apart from touring Spain in various engagements, the prince was portrayed as a miner in Asturias, attendee of a parachuting course, or mozo running with the bulls in Pamplona; his sisters, all in their 20s, were also exploited mediatically. The greatest media scoop, however, was the 1964 wedding of Carlos Hugo with princess Irene of the Netherlands. Massó hoped to win Franco and the Spanish public opinion against prince Juan Carlos; at this point, however, the regime propaganda machine was firmly ordered to backtrack. Franco grew increasingly anxious that the popularity of Carlos Hugo might get him cornered when it comes to an inescapable dynastical decision. National media played down the event. Apparently unabated, Massó kept working to obtain Spanish citizenship for the prince.

Disengagement (1965-1967)

In the mid-1960s the Massó-led camarilla appeared largely in control of the Comunión, dubbed its "parallel executive". The isolated traditionalist leader, Valiente, approached Solis for the Cortes mandate for Massó and considered him his potential successor. When speaking at the 1964 Montejurra gathering Massó delivered "one of the most vehemently critical speeches pronounced up to then in a public event in Spain". Though he did not speak in 1965, this year the carlohuguistas almost abandoned their declared allegiance to tradition and voiced praise of socialism at unprecedented levels; the event is at times dubbed as the "swan song" of the secretaría. According to some historians there might have been some cracks within the group, with José María Zavala reportedly representing "sector popular" against the moderated faction represented by Massó, but others tend to treat carlohuguistas as fairly homogeneous. In 1965 the secretaría was at its peak, and Massó assessed that the balance of power between the progressists and the traditionalists was 90:10.

It came as a shock to most in the Comunión when in 1965 Massó declared that he was about to leave the secretariat and move from Madrid to Pamplona, where in the autumn he was scheduled to take a teaching post in Universidad de Navarra, a newly created Opus Dei institution. There are various motives quoted in historiography; some claim he got disillusioned with the prince and his wife, who demonstrated a bourgeoisie mentality, but most scholars tend to agree he realized the project of launching Carlos Hugo failed, that the regime would never grant him Spanish nationality and mediatic campaign would not overweight Franco’s political preferences. In early 1966 he met Don Javier in Hendaye; the claimant accepted his resignation, and secretaría política was dissolved altogether. According to some, 1966 marks a ruptura between Massó and Carlos Hugo, though the two kept corresponding in 1967.

Massó considered a new opening. He contemplated provoking an expulsion of Carlos Hugo, which would leave the prince free to embark on anti-regime propaganda, but his suggestions were not acted upon. He limited himself to labors in the local Navarrese milieu, e.g. in 1966 he helped to secure a place of the new El Pensamiento Navarro editor-in-chief for a young progressist, Javier Pascual Ibañez. The claimant explicitly asked him not to engage in open politics. In the spring of 1967 Massó was busy preparing another annual Montejurra ascent in May, but shortly afterwards he and a number of his collaborators from the former secretaría published a widely reproduced open letter. It declared resignations from the party and "the so-called monarchist cause". The reason listed was anti-democratic stand adopted by the claimant dynasty, and especially its opposition to religious liberty. Various authors speculate about other reasons, listing pressure of the Dutch court, failure of the Carlos Hugo project, financial matters, Borbón-Parma support for Franco, mistrust on part of Don Javier and his son, having "burnt themselves out" or even matters of the heart. The role of progressist leader was assumed by Zavala.

Academic and media pundit (1967-1975)

Having settled in Pamplona in the mid-1960s Massó commenced work as academic teacher in Estudio General de Navarra, founded by Opus Dei and recognized as a private university; none of the sources consulted provides detailed information on his exact teaching role. His relations with Opus in the late 1960s are clear neither. Some scholars claim that until the mid-1960s he provided a personal link between Carlism and Opus, the two highly mistrustful about each other. However, reportedly he was getting increasingly disillusioned, not least because of the opusdeista technocrats supporting Juan Carlos. This information does not match data about very strong links of the Massó family with the organisation. In the late 1950s his parents were financially involved in setting up Instituto de Estudios Superiores de la Empresa (IESE), a prestigious post-graduate business school founded by Opus in Barcelona; in the mid-1960s they sold below the market price some real estate, where IESE built its premises. In the late 1960s IESE started to offer its courses within the Estudio General de Navarra framework, and Massó was engaged in its works. He also completed the Alta Dirección curriculum himself, a holistic leadership program offered to top corporate managers.

It is not clear when exactly Massó broke with Opus Dei; most sources point to the year of 1967, yet it is known he kept teaching in the Pamplona opusdeista institutions until the late 1960s. At unspecified time, probably at the turn of the decades, he left Pamplona and returned to his native Barcelona. In the early 1970s he completed the classes organized by Instituto Nacional de Publicidad<ref> BOE' 28.03.72, available here</ref> and in 1972 he officially became "Técnico en Publicidad". Some time in the early 1970s he joined Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), where he started giving classes of publicidad in Departamento de Publicidad at the Facultad de Ciencias de la Información. In 1973 he was already recognized as an expert in the field of advertising, marketing, communications and media, and featured in the press when presiding over international conferences related, two years later speaking along world-recognized gurus like Marshall McLuhan. He started to feature in jury of various media-related prizes, e.g. in 1974 as representative of the Barcelona mediatic milieu in presidency of Premio Gardoqui, a prize awarded by the opusdeista publishing house SARPE, or in 1975 as representative of UAB in presidency of Gran Premio Laureo, awarded by the Barcelona Hoja de Lúnes. His area of expertise was far beyond advertising in the printed media; he also voiced on marketing in cinematography, e.g. in 1975 debating at Festival de Cine Publicitario Iberfilm.

Communications expert (after 1975)

In 1976 Massó returned to politics as an expert. He co-founded ALAS, one of the first media agencies in Spain, and became head of its Barcelona branch; its focus was not on promoting commercial products, but on promoting politicians. The same year and jointly with J. E. Nebot he published Introducción to ‘politing’. Lanzamiento de un aspirante. The book was formatted as theoretical lecture on basics of political marketing, though it contained many references to the 1957–1967 political experiences of the author, and relative success of launching Carlos Hugo became one of Masso's key credentials as a scholar in public relations. The work gained numerous prizes (Premio Markedit, Premio Instituto Nacional de Publicidad) and generated interest among academics, politicians and commentators. Its catchword was "politing", Massó’s invention intended to denote a merger of politics and marketing. He followed up with other works on public relations, Estrategia para unas extrañas elecciones (1977) and De la magia a la artesanía: el politing del cambio español (1980). As expert he was contracted by La Vanguardia and until the mid-1980s he remained its key politics and public affairs commentator.

The late 1970s and the early 1980s was the period of Massó’s top popularity as expert in media, marketing, advertising, brand communications and public relations. He engaged in numerous publishing initiatives, either these related to ALAS or to other institutions; e.g. together with his old collaborator from secretaría, José Antonio Parilla, Massó set up a publishing house Nono Art, and co-ordinated work on a popular series Breu História de Catalunya (1979–81). He later claimed authorship of the La Caixa brand, launched in 1982, though the company claims the author of the logotype was Joan Miró. As a nationwide recognized scholar and apart from his academic role in UAB, he was giving courses organized by Sociedad Española de Anunciantes, Instituto Nacional de Publicidad or Escuela Oficial de Radio y Television.

In 1989 Massó co-founded the Barcelona-based Institut de Comunicació Integral, an independent college specializing in marketing, brand communications and public relations, and became its president. It was supposed to focus on combined multidimensional holistic channels of information exchange, which he named "integral communication". ICOMI turned out to be a commercial (though not necessarily scientific) success and became a fashionable educational institute. He published further works on communications: El exito de la cultura light (1993), Noticias frente a hechos (with García-Lavernia, 1997), Los últimos días de la Telecracia (with Nebot, 2009), and Nacimiento y muerte de las marcas (with García-Lavernia, 2010). Otro rey para España (2004) was more of an account from his Carlist episode, while Navegando por el cachondeo de la historia (2012) approached an autobiographic format. He maintained scarcely active Twitter and Facebook accounts. Since the 1990s Massó renewed his links with carloshuguista groups, e.g. during prince Carlos Javier visits to Spain, during conferences, or extensively briefing PhDs hopefuls, who were writing their dissertations on Carlism of the 1960s.

In historiography

In mainstream historiography dealing with the Francoist era Massó is barely noticed. However, in works dedicated to history of Carlism of the time he appears as one of key figures, mentioned either as a protagonist or a source 21 times (García Ríol), 22 (Caspistegui), 44 (Miralles Climent), 46 (Lavardin), 111 (Vázquez de Prada), 159 (Rodón Guinjoan) and 189 (Martorell Pérez). With few exceptions he is almost unanimously identified as the leader of the progressist group, which challenged the traditionalists and took control over the Comunión, even though later this role has been taken over by José Zavala. Depending upon political preferences of partisan authors, Massó might be presented as an evil spirit who contributed to destruction of the grand movement or as a man who steered Carlism back to its socialist roots.

In both partisan and academic historiography Massó remains a rather ambiguous figure, with little agreement as to his role and intentions. Above all, it is not clear whether Massó intended to instaurate the Carlist dynasty by means of new social mobilization or whether he tried to promote profound ideological transformation using Carlos Hugo as an agent of change; anyway, the two threads became intertwined. According to one group of studies Massó was primarily motivated by dynastical objectives, according to another he was not a monarchist at all. Some claim that he consciously launched the process of redirecting Carlism towards a progressist, socialist formula, while some maintain that initially he did not aim for revolutionary change, and that cumulative radicalization emerged as an unintended collateral phenomenon.

There are numerous other question marks related. There are scholars who consider Massó a radical Leftist approximate to Marxism, while others consider him a "neocapitalist technocrat". To some he was "in fondo colaboracionista", while others present his strategy as opposition to "colaboracionismo puro". Certain works picture Carlos Hugo as a figure invented and created by Massó, while others see Massó as Carlos Hugo's sidekick, useful at one political phase and to be replaced at the following one. Some thought him a pawn of Opus Dei, while others view his position towards Opus and religion as highly ambiguous. A few treat Massó and Zavala as representatives of the same current, while others present them as ideological rivals.

Groups which claim Carlist identity hardly admit deference to Massó. The traditionalists tend to view him as a traitor and turncoat at best, and as a subversive leftist who infiltrated the movement at worst. The progressists might also deny him the name of a Carlist altogether and categorize Massó as a false Carlist and in fact a traditionalist; they might also see him as sort of an opusdeista fellow-traveler. However, some heirs to the carloshuguista current, mostly related to prince Carlos Javier, cherish his memory as the advocate of "a renewing proposal for a progressive Monarchy as a guarantee of a system of concrete freedoms" and an example of loyalty to the dynasty.

See also

 Carlism
 Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
 Francoism

Footnotes

Further reading

 Francisco Javier Caspistegui Garasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962–1977, Pamplona 1997,
 Daniel Jesús García Riol, La resistencia tradicionalista a la renovación ideológica del carlismo (1965-1973) [PhD thesis UNED], Madrid 2015
 Javier Lavardín [José Antonio Parilla], Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España, Paris 1976
 Jeremy MacClancy, The Decline of Carlism, Reno 2000,
 Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil [PhD thesis UNED], Valencia 2009
 Josep Miralles Climent, El carlismo militante (1965-1980). Del tradicionalismo al socialismo autogestionario [PhD thesis Universidad Jaume I], Castellón 2015
 Ramón María Rodón Guinjoan, Invierno, primavera y otoño del carlismo (1939-1976) [PhD thesis Universitat Abat Oliba CEU], Barcelona 2015
 Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967)'', Madrid 2016,

External links
 Quimica Massó site
 IESE site

 Por Dios y por España; contemporary Carlist propaganda

Academic staff of the Autonomous University of Barcelona
Businesspeople in advertising
Carlists
Businesspeople from Catalonia
Politicians from Catalonia
Critical theorists
Communication scholars
Communication theorists
Marketing theorists
Mass media scholars
Opus Dei members
Writers from Barcelona
Spanish businesspeople
Spanish essayists
20th-century Spanish historians
Spanish mass media people
Spanish monarchists
Spanish male writers
Spanish refugees
Spanish Roman Catholics
Writers about globalization
Male essayists


title: Iris histrioides

text:
Iris histrioides, the orchis iris, winter iris or Harput iris, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, subgenus Hermodactyloides of the family Iridaceae. It is a bulbous perennial, that is native to Turkey, and has bluish scented flowers. It is cultivated as a plant for ornamental purposes in temperate regions, and has many known cultivars.

Description
It is similar in form to Iris histrio, but with flowers a deeper shade of blue, and shorter stem.

It has bulbs which are coated with a solid brown fibrous network.

It has leaves that grow up to  high, and are squarish in cross section, thicker than in other Reticulatas. They appear after the flowers have bloomed or sometimes as they open.

It has a very very short stem.

The flower is about  tall.

It blooms in early spring, normally January, or February.

It has flowers that vary in shade from bright blue to violet.

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The falls have a yellow signal, with many black spots, also they have a yellow ridge. The flowers can last up to a week on the plant, depending on the weather.

Genetics
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. It has been counted several times. Reported chromosome numbers have differed, given as 2n=17 by Randolph & Mitra in 1959, 2n=16 by Johnson & Mathew in 1989, and 2n=16+1B by Johnson & Brandham in 1997.

It is normally stated as 2n=16, or 2n=17.

Taxonomy
It is sometimes known as the 'Orchis Iris', ‘winter iris’, or 'Harput iris', after the Turkish city of Harput.

It was first published as Iris reticulata var. histrioides and described by G.F.Wilson in Gardeners' Chronicles ser.3 Vol.9 n page 117 in 1891. In 1892, in the 'Journal of Horticulture' Vol.III Issue 24 on page 121, Samuel Arnott republished it as Iris histrioides.

The specific epithet histrioides, refers to resembling Iris histrio.

Iris histrioides was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 3 April 2003, then updated on 1 December 2004.

Distribution and habitat
It is native to Europe.

Range
It is found in Asia minor, or Turkey, near Amasya.

Habitat
It commonly grows on the mountain slopes, within pine forests, at an altitude of  above sea level.

Conservation
It was on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.

Cultivation
It is a hardy species, to between USDA Zone: 5 - 8. It is hardier than Iris histrio. But be planted in well-drained soils, to protect from summer rains, which will rot the bulb.

It is suitable for a rock or gravel garden or front of border. It likes rocky soils that dry out completely in summer.

Once the bulb has been planted, it can take many years to reach flowering size. Also it has the habit of the main bulb splitting into many bulblets, that can take many years to reach flowering size.

Grows well outside but also good in the alpine house. This species is represented in cultivation by several cultivars.

Cultivars known
 Iris Angel Tears' (blue with a honey mark on white ground with a small yellow vein),
 Iris 'George' (purple),
 Iris 'Katharine Hodgkin'(light blue standards, pale yellow falls, a 1960s hybrid of Iris histrioides and the primrose-yellow Iris winogradowii),
 Iris 'Harmony' (light blue, a hybrid between I. histrioides and Iris reticulata),
 Iris 'Joyce' (deep blue falls and sky blue standards),
 Iris 'Lady Beatrice Stanley' (dark blue or pale-blue flowers and a mass of dark spotting on the falls),
 Iris 'Major' (royal blue),
 Iris 'Pauline' (light blue, a hybrid between I. histrioides and I. reticulata),

Subspecies
 Iris histrioides var. sophenensis also, from Turkey is deep violet-blue with little veining or spotting, narrow petals and a yellow ridge.

Toxicity
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.

Uses Iris histrioides and Iris persica'' L. have been used as food ingredients in Turkey.

References

Other sources
 Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource on www.skud.info). 2012 (Kulturvaxtdatabas)
 Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 (F Turk)
 Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 175-176.

External links

histrioides
Flora of European Turkey
Plants described in 1892


title: 2013–14 FC Ural Sverdlovsk Oblast season

text:
The 2013–14 Ural season was the club's 1st season at the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia, since their relegation from the league in 1996. Ural finished the season in 11th place, whilst they were knocked out of the Russian Cup in the fifth round by Tosno.

Ural started the season under the management of Pavel Gusev, but he resigned on 1 August 2013, and replaced by Oleg Vasilenko. Vasilenko's contract was terminated by mutual consent on 27 November 2013, with Alexander Tarkhanov being appointed as the club's manager.

Squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Competitions

Russian Premier League

Results by round

Matches

League table

Russian Cup

Squad statistics

Appearances and goals

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|colspan=14|Players away from the club on loan:

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|colspan=14|Players who appeared for Ural no longer at the club:

|}

Top scorers

Disciplinary record

References

FC Ural Yekaterinburg seasons
Ural


title: Itche Menahem

text:
Itche Menahem (1939 – 18 June 2014) was an Israeli football player and manager who played and managed in Hapoel Tel Aviv. From 2003 to 2007 he was the president of the Israel Football Association.

Honours
Hapoel Tel Aviv
 Israeli Premier League: 1956–57
 Israel State Cup: 1961

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
Israeli Jews
Israeli men's footballers
Footballers from Tel Aviv
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Israeli football managers
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. managers
Chairmen of the Israel Football Association


title: Sir Philip Musgrave, 8th Baronet

text:
Sir Philip Musgrave, 8th Baronet (12 July 1794 – 16 July 1827) was an English baronet and politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Petersfield from 1820 to 1825,
and for Carlisle from 1825 to 1827.

He succeeded to the baronetcy, of Hartley Castle, in 1806.

References

External links

1794 births
1827 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830