title: Frequency selective surface

text:
A frequency-selective surface (FSS) is any thin, repetitive surface (such as the screen on a microwave oven) designed to reflect, transmit or absorb electromagnetic fields based on the frequency of the field.  In this sense, an FSS is a type of optical filter or metal-mesh optical filters in which the filtering is accomplished by virtue of the regular, periodic (usually metallic, but sometimes dielectric) pattern on the surface of the FSS. Though not explicitly mentioned in the name, FSS's also have properties which vary with incidence angle and polarization as well - these are unavoidable consequences of the way in which FSS's are constructed.  Frequency-selective surfaces have been most commonly used in the radio frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum and find use in applications as diverse as the aforementioned microwave oven, antenna radomes and modern metamaterials.  Sometimes frequency selective surfaces are referred to simply as periodic surfaces and are a 2-dimensional analog of the new periodic volumes known as photonic crystals.

Many factors are involved in understanding the operation and application of frequency selective surfaces.  These include analysis techniques, operating principles, design principles, manufacturing techniques and methods for integrating these structures into space, ground and airborne platforms.

Bloch Wave MOM method
Bloch wave – MoM is a first principles technique for determining the photonic band structure of triply-periodic electromagnetic media such as photonic crystals.  It is based on the 3-dimensional spectral domain method, specialized to triply-periodic media.  This technique uses the method of moments (MoM) in combination with a Bloch wave expansion of the electromagnetic field to yield a matrix eigenvalue equation for the propagation bands.  The eigenvalue is the frequency (for a given propagation constant) and the eigenvector is the set of current amplitudes on the surface of the scatterers.  Bloch wave - MoM is similar in principle to the plane wave expansion method, but since it additionally employs the method of moments to produce a surface integral equation, it is significantly more efficient both in terms of the number of unknowns and the number of plane waves needed for good convergence.

Bloch wave - MoM is the extension to 3 dimensions of the spectral domain MoM method commonly used for analyzing 2D periodic structures such as frequency selective surfaces (FSS).  In both cases, the field is expanded as a set of eigenfunction modes (either a Bloch wave in 3D or a discrete plane wave - aka Floquet mode - spectrum in 2D), and an integral equation is enforced on the surface of the scatterers in each unit cell.  In the FSS case, the unit cell is 2-dimensional and in the photonic crystal case, the unit cell is 3-dimensional.

Field equations for 3D PEC photonic crystal structures

The Bloch wave - MoM approach will be illustrated here for the case of perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) structures admitting only electric current sources, J.  However, it can also be readily expanded to dielectric structures, using the well-known interior and exterior equivalent problems commonly employed in ordinary spatial domain method of moments formulations. In dielectric problems, there are twice as many unknowns - J & M - and also twice as many equations to enforce - continuity of tangential E & H - at the dielectric interfaces.

For PEC structures, the electric field E is related to the vector magnetic potential A via the well-known relation:

and the vector magnetic potential is in turn related to the source currents via:

where

Bloch wave expansion of the fields

To solve equations () and () within the infinite periodic volume, we may assume a Bloch wave expansion for all currents, fields and potentials:

where for simplicity, we assume an orthogonal lattice in which α only depends on m, β only depends on n and γ only depends on p.  With this assumption,

and,

where lx, ly, lz are the unit cell dimensions in the x,y,z directions respectively, λ is the effective wavelength in the crystal and θ0, φ0 are the directions of propagation in spherical coordinates.

The quantity k in equations () and () comes originally from the time derivative in Maxwell's equations and is the free space propagation constant (actually, the propagation constant of whatever dielectric medium the metallic scatterers are embedded in), proportional to frequency as in equation ().  On the other hand, k0 in the equations above comes from the assumed Bloch wave solution given by equations () & ().  As a result, it represents the propagation constant inside the periodic medium, inversely proportional to wavelength.  These two k's, i.e. the free space propagation constant (proportional to frequency) and the propagation constant of the Bloch wave (inversely proportional to wavelength), are in general different thereby allowing for dispersion in the solution.  The band diagram is essentially a plot of k as a function of k0.

The Bloch wave expansions in equations () are nothing more than exponential Fourier series multiplied by the cell-to-cell propagation factor:  The Bloch wave expansions are chosen since any field solution within an infinite periodic volume must have the same periodicity as the medium itself, or stated another way, the fields in neighboring cells must be identical up to a (real or complex) propagation factor.  In passbands the propagation factor is an exponential function with purely imaginary argument and in the stop bands (or band gaps) it is a decaying exponential function whose argument has a real component.

The wave numbers α0, β0 and γ0 satisfy the relations:  and outside of these ranges, the bands are periodic.

The Bloch waves are periodic functions of space, with periods lx, ly, lz and the bands are periodic functions of wavenumber, with periods: ,  and

Integral equation for PEC media

Substituting equations () into () and () yields the spectral domain Greens function relating the radiated electric field to its source currents:

where,

is the tensor Green's function in the spectral domain.  Note that the spatial domain convolution has been transformed into a simple multiplication in the spectral domain, consistent with the convolution theorem for Fourier transforms.

With this equation for the electric field, the electric field boundary condition (requiring that the total tangential electric field be zero on the surface of PEC scatterer) becomes:

Since we are seeking characteristic modes (eigenmodes) of the structure, there is no impressed E-field on the RHS of this electric field integral equation (EFIE).  Equation () is not strictly correct however, since it is only the tangential components of electric field that are actually zero on the surface of the PEC scatterer.  This inexactness will be resolved presently, when we test this equation with the electric current basis functions - defined as residing on the surface of the scatterer.

Method of moments (MoM) solution

As is usual in the method of moments, the source currents are now expanded in terms of a sum over some known set of basis functions with unknown weighting coefficients Jj:

Different structures will have different sets of basis functions for representing the currents on the elements and as in the ordinary spatial domain method of moments, the solution (in this case, the band diagram) is a function of the set of basis functions used.

Substituting () into () and then testing the resulting equation with the i-th current basis function (i.e., dotting from the left and integrating over the domain of the i-th current basis function, thereby completing the quadratic form) produces the i-th row of the matrix eigenvalue equation for a 3-dimensional array of PEC scatterers as:

As in all MoM formulations, the reaction concept in electromagnetics was used in obtaining this equation.  The electric field boundary/continuity conditions are "tested" (or enforced) by being integrated against electric current basis functions (for dielectric structures, the magnetic field continuity conditions are additionally tested by being integrated against magnetic current basis functions), and this is how the electric (and magnetic) field boundary conditions are converted into a matrix equation via the method of moments.  This process is wholly analogous to that used to decompose a periodic function into its Fourier sine & cosine components, the only difference being that in this case the basis functions are not necessarily orthogonal, merely linearly independent.

This matrix equation is easy to implement and requires only that the 3D Fourier transform (FT) of the basis functions be computed, preferably in closed form. In fact, computing bands of a 3D photonic crystal with this method is no more difficult than computing reflection and transmission from a 2D periodic surface using the spectral domain method.  This is because equation () is identical to the basic EFIE for a freestanding PEC FSS (see Frequency selective surface eq. ), the only difference being the stronger singularity in 3D which significantly accelerates convergence of the triple sums, and of course the fact that the vectors are now 3-dimensional.  As a result, an ordinary PC is sufficient to compute bands of many types of photonic crystals.

It's evident from () that the EFIE could become singular whenever the free space wavenumber is exactly equal to one of the wave numbers in any of the 3 periodic coordinate directions.  This can happen for example when the free space wavelength exactly equals the lattice spacing.  This is a statistically rare occurrence in computational practice and corresponds to a propagation anomaly similar to a Wood's reflection anomaly for gratings.

Computing bands

To compute bands of the crystal (i.e. k-k0 diagrams), successive values of frequency (k) are tried - in conjunction with pre-selected values of propagation constant (k0) and propagation direction (θ0 & φ0) - until a combination is found which drives the determinant of the matrix to zero.  Equation () has been used to compute bands in various types of doped and undoped photonic crystals. Not surprisingly, doping photonic crystals with defects provides a means for designing photonic passbands, in just the same way that doping semiconductors with chemical impurities provides a means for designing electronic passbands.

For many subsectional basis functions, such as those having a half-sine or triangular shape along a round wire, the FT of the basis function for negative wave numbers -α, -β, -γ is the complex conjugate of the basis function FT for positive wave numbers.  As a result, the matrix in eqn. () is Hermitian.  And as a result of that, only half the matrix needs to be computed.  And a second result is that the determinant is a purely real function of the real-valued wavenumber k.  Zeroes generally occur at zero-crossings (inflection points, where curvature is zero), so a simple root-finding algorithm such as Newton's method is usually sufficient to find the roots to a very high degree of accuracy.  If may still be useful however to plot the determinant as a function of k, to observe its behavior near the zeros.

As a matter of computational convenience, whenever the matrix is larger than 2×2 it's vastly more efficient to compute the determinant either by reducing the matrix to upper triangular form using QR decomposition or to compute the determinant by reducing to echelon form using Gaussian elimination, rather than trying to actually compute the determinant of the matrix directly.

Analysis – first principles approaches

Spectral domain method of moments (overview and mathematical introduction)

Background

History

Historically, the first approach to solving for fields reflected and transmitted by FSS was the spectral domain method (SDM), and it is still a valuable tool even today [Scott(1989)].  The spectral domain method is known at Ohio State University as the periodic method of moments (PMM).  The SDM starts out with an assumed Floquet/Fourier series solution for all fields, currents and potentials whereas the PMM starts out with a single scatterer, then adds in all of the scatterers in the infinite plane (in the spatial domain), then uses a transformation to yield the spectral domain representation of the fields.  Both approaches are effectively the same approach, in the sense that they both assume an infinite planar structure which gives rise to a discrete Fourier series representation for the fields.

Advantages and disadvantages

The spectral domain method has one very important advantage over other – strictly numerical - solutions to Maxwell's equations for FSS.  And that is that it yields a matrix equation of very small dimensionality, so it is amenable to solution on virtually any type of computer.  The dimension of the matrix is determined by the number of current basis functions on each individual scatterer and can be as small as 1×1 for a dipole at or below resonance.  The matrix elements however take longer to compute than with volumetric approaches such as FEM.  Volumetric approaches require that a volume surrounding the unit cell be gridded accurately, and can require many thousands of elements for an accurate solution, though the matrices are usually sparse.

Floquet's principle
The spectral domain method is based on Floquet's principle, which implies that when an infinite, planar, periodic structure is illuminated by an infinite plane wave, then every unit cell in the periodic plane must contain exactly the same currents and fields, except for a phase shift, corresponding to the incident field phase.  This principle allows all currents, fields and potentials to be written in terms of a modified Fourier series, which consists of an ordinary Fourier series multiplied by the incident field phase.  If the periodic plane occupies the x-y plane, then the Fourier series is a 2-dimensional Fourier series in x, y.

Plane wave spectrum
As in Fourier optics, the Floquet–Fourier series expansion of fields and currents in the plane of the FSS leads immediately to the discrete plane wave spectrum representation of the fields on either side of the FSS.

Field equations for 2D PEC frequency selective surfaces

Perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) periodic surfaces are not only the most common but also the easiest to understand mathematically, as they admit only electric current sources J.  This section presents the spectral domain method for analyzing a free-standing (no substrate) PEC FSS.  The electric field E is related to the vector magnetic potential A via the well-known relation (Harrington [2001], Scott [1989], Scott [1997]):

and the vector magnetic potential is in turn related to the source currents via (Harrington [2001], Scott [1997]):

where

Plane wave expansion of the fields in source-free media

Frequency-selective surfaces are frequently stratified in the direction normal to the plane of the surface.  That is, all dielectrics are stratified and all metallic conductors are considered stratified as well, and they will be regarded as perfectly planar.  As a result, we are excluding metallic vias (wires perpendicular to the plane of the FSS) which could potentially connect currents from different strata of the FSS structure.  With this type of a stratified structure in mind, we can then use a plane wave expansion for the fields in and around the FSS, since plane waves are the eigenfunction solution to the vector wave equations in source-free media.

To solve equations () and () for a free-standing, doubly periodic surface, we consider an infinite 2D periodic surface occupying the entire x-y plane, and assume a discrete plane wave expansion for all currents, fields and potentials (Tsao [1982], Scott [1989], Fourier optics):

where for mathematical simplicity, we assume a rectangular lattice in which α only depends on m and β only depends on n.  In the equations above,

and,

where lx, ly are the dimensions of the unit cell in the x,y directions respectively, λ is the free space wavelength and θ0, φ0 are the directions of an assumed incident plane wave, with the FSS regarded as lying in the x-y plane.  In (), the root is taken which has a positive real part and non-positive (i.e., either negative or zero) imaginary part).

Integral equation for free-standing PEC FSS

Substituting equations () into () and () yields the spectral domain Greens function relating the radiated electric field to its source currents (Scott [1989]), where we now consider only those components of the field vectors lying in the plane of the FSS, the x-y plane:

where,

One notices the branch point singularity in the equation above (the inverse square root singularity), which is no problem thanks to the discrete spectrum, as long as the wavelength never equals the cell spacing.  With this, the electric field boundary condition on the surface of PEC material within a unit cell becomes (Scott [1989]):

where again, we are restricting our attention to the x,y components of currents and fields, which lie in the plane of the scatterer.

Equation () is not strictly correct, since only the tangential components of electric field are actually zero on the surface of the PEC scatterers.  This inexactness will be resolved presently when () is tested with the current basis functions, defined as residing on the surface of the scatterer.

In this type of problem, the incident field is considered a plane wave expressed as

in the x-y plane.

Method of moments (MoM) solution

As is usual in the method of moments, we assume an expansion for the source currents over some known set of basis functions with unknown weighting coefficients Jj (Scott [1989]):

Substituting () into () and then testing the resulting equation with the i-th current basis function (i.e., dotting from the left and integrating over the domain of the i-th current basis function, thereby completing the quadratic form) produces the i-th row of the matrix equation as (Scott [1989]):

This is the i-th row of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for a free-standing metallic FSS.  Equation () may be readily modified for analyzing FSS with surrounding dielectric sheets (substrates and/or superstrates), and even complex multi-layer FSS structures (Scott [1989]).  All of these matrix equations are very simple to implement and require only that the 2D Fourier transform (FT) of the basis functions be computed, preferably in closed form.  There is a striking similarity between eqn. () above, and the Bloch wave - MoM method eqn. () for computing ω–β diagrams for triply-periodic electromagnetic media such as photonic crystals (Scott [1998], Scott [2002], available on researchgate.net).  Given this similarity, eqn. () and its numerous variants in dielectric-layered FSS structures (Scott [1989]) could also be used (with the RHS set to zero) to find surface waves in complex FSS structures.

The RWG (Rao–Wilton–Glisson) basis functions (Rao, Wilton and Glisson [1982]) are a very versatile choice for many purposes and have a transform that is readily computed using area coordinates.

Computing reflection and transmission coefficients

Equations () and () have been used to solve for the electric current J and then the scattered fields E to compute reflection and transmission from various types of FSS (Scott[1989]).  The reflected field is due to the currents on the FSS (the field radiated by the FSS) and the transmitted field is equal to the radiated field plus the incident field, and differs from the reflected field only for the ,  order (the zero order).

Or else the numerical method with periodical boundary conditions can serve as a powerful tool to compute the coefficients of FSS.

Equivalent circuits – introduction

Background

Overview

For wavelengths greater than the FSS lattice dimensions, only one – out of the infinitude of Floquet modes – actually propagates.  All of the others are (exponentially decaying in the z-direction, normal to the plane of the FSS, since the quantity under the root in () is negative. And for FSS spacings greater than roughly a tenth of a wavelength or so, these evanescent wave fields have negligible effect on FSS stack performance. So, for practical purposes, in the frequency bands for which we'll be likely to use the FSS, a single propagating wave will be sufficient to capture the significant properties of a multi-layer FSS stack.  This single propagating wave can be modeled in terms of an equivalent transmission line.

The FSS sheet may be represented in terms of lumped RLC networks placed in parallel across the transmission line.  The shunt admittance FSS model is exact only for an infinitesimally thin FSS, for which the tangential electric field is continuous across the FSS; for finite thickness FSS, a tee or pi network can be used as a better approximation.

Free space as a transmission line

Both free space and transmission lines admit TEM traveling wave solutions, and even the TE/TM plane waves in free space can be modeled using equivalent transmission line models.  The main thing is that both free space and transmission lines admit traveling wave solutions with a z-dependence of the form:

One can construct equivalent transmission lines as follows:

For TEM waves,

For TE waves,

For TM waves,

where θ is the angle off-normal that the incident wave makes with respect to the FSS.  Z0 for free space is 377 Ohms.

Shunt circuit resonators and FSS

Circuit elements placed in parallel across an equivalent transmission line have some factors in common with thin FSS.  The continuity of tangential electric field condition for thin FSS mirrors the voltage continuity condition on either side of the shunt circuit elements.  The magnetic field jump condition for the FSS mirrors the Kirchhoff current division law for the equivalent circuit.  For sufficiently thick FSS sheets, a more general pi or tee model will likely be required for good approximation to the real FSS.

Resonant circuits can approximately model resonant scatterers.

For all but the most tightly packed dipole arrays (the brickwork-like "gangbuster" low-pass filters), a first order understanding of FSS operation can be achieved by simply considering the scattering properties of a single periodic element in free space.  A dipole or patch in free space will strongly reflect energy for wavelengths comparable in size to the object itself, for example when the dipole is 1/2 wavelength in length.  For frequencies below this first resonance (and for frequencies between the first and second resonance), the object will reflect little energy.  So, this resonance phenomenon observed with dipoles and patches leads naturally to the notion of modeling them as a resonant circuit connected in parallel across a transmission line - in this case the element is a series connection of a capacitor and inductor, which produces a reflective short circuit at resonance.  This type of structure would be known as a band-reject or band-stop filter.  Bandpass filters may be constructed using apertures in conducting planes, which are modeled as a shunt element consisting of a parallel connection of an inductor and a capacitor.

One-dimensional line gratings can be modeled as shunt inductors (for polarization parallel to the lines) or shunt capacitors (for polarization perpendicular to the lines).  Tightly packed "gangbuster" dipole arrays are lowpass structures that can be modeled using shunt capacitors.

Resonant circuit R,L,C values must be determined from first principles analysis

The exact circuit topology and element values of an equivalent circuit for a FSS sheet have to be determined using first-principles codes.  A bandpass mesh-type FSS sheet is a parallel connection of L,C and bandstop patch-type FSS sheet is a series connection of L,C and in both cases, the L,C values are determined from the center frequency and bandwidth of the filter.

Reflection and transmission properties of bandpass and bandstop FSS and equivalent circuits – introduction

The equivalent transmission line circuit models for FSS came into being from the observation that FSS yield reflection and transmission properties that are very similar to the reflection and transmission properties of inductors and capacitors placed in parallel across a transmission line.

Bandstop FSS filter equivalent circuit and reflection response

The two fundamental types of FSS are shown in Fig. 2.4.1-1 to the right - the bandpass mesh-type FSS and the bandstop patch-type FSS (Metal-mesh optical filters).  The equivalent circuit for a patch-type bandstop FSS is shown in Fig. 2.4.1-2.  The impedance of the series connection of the inductor and the capacitor is (Desoer, Kuh [1984]):

or,

and this series connection of an inductor and capacitor produces a zero impedance (short circuit) condition when

At the short circuit condition, all incident energy is reflected, and so this is the equivalent circuit of a resonant patch bandstop filter.

The magnitude of the reflection coefficient is:

where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.

The frequencies for the upper and lower 3 dB points are given as the solution to the equation:

where,

So, if the center frequency and the width of the resonance are determined from first principles codes, the L,C of the equivalent circuit may be readily obtained by fitting the reflection response of the equivalent resonant circuit to the reflection response of the actual FSS, and in this way, the circuit parameters L,C are readily extracted.  Once that is done, then we can use the equivalent circuit model for multi-layer FSS design.  Any nearby dielectrics should be included in the equivalent circuit.

For small values of ω, the impedance of the inductor, jωL, is smaller than the impedance of the capacitor, 1/jωC, therefore the capacitor dominates the shunt impedance and so the patch-type bandstop FSS is capacitive below resonance.  We'll use this fact in section 2.3.1 to design a lowpass FSS filter using equivalent circuits.

Bandpass FSS filter equivalent circuit and transmission response

The equivalent circuit for a mesh-type bandpass FSS is shown in Fg. 2.4.2-1.  The admittance of the parallel connection of inductor and capacitor is (Desoer, Kuh [1984]):

and this admittance is zero (open-circuit condition) when

When the parallel combination of inductor and capacitor produces an open circuit, all energy is transmitted.

In the same way, the magnitude of the transmission coefficient of the bandpass filter is:

Below resonance, the admittance of the inductor, 1/jωL is greater than the admittance of the capacitor jωC, therefore the mesh-type bandpass FSS is inductive below resonance.

Comparison of equivalent circuit response and actual FSS response

Fig. 2.4.3-1 shows the comparison in reflection between a single-layer crossed dipole FSS and its fitted equivalent circuit.  The equivalent circuit is a series connection of a capacitor and inductor placed in parallel across the transmission line, as in Fig. 2.4.1-2.  This resonator produces a short circuit condition at resonance.  The fit is very good below the resonance though not nearly as good above.

The real FSS has a reflection null at 18.7 GHz (the frequency at which the wavelength equals the unit cell dimension of .630"), which is not accounted for in the equivalent circuit model.  The null is known as a Wood's anomaly and is caused by the inverse square root singularity in the spectral domain Green's function () going to infinity.  Physically, this represents a uniform plane wave propagating in the plane of the FSS.  In the spatial domain, the coherent summation of all of the spatial domain Green's function's becomes infinite, so that any finite current produces an infinite field on the surface of the FSS.  As a result, all currents must be zero under this condition.

This example illustrates the usefulness and shortcomings of the simple equivalent circuit model.  The equivalent circuit only includes features related to the individual scattering element, not features related to the periodic array, such as interactions between the scatterers.

FSS duality versus circuit duality

FSS duality

If a mesh type FSS is created from a patch type FSS in such a way that the metal portions or the former are replaced by aperture portions of the latter, then the two FSS are said to be duals of one another.  Duality only strictly applies when no dielectric substrates are present, therefore it is only approximately satisfied in practice, though even when dielectric substrates are present, duality can be useful in FSS design.  As a side note, Pathological FSS patterns such as a checkerboard FSS may be treated as the limit of the patch and mesh as the patch (and aperture) size approaches the unit cell size, with electrical connections of the mesh retained in the limit. For dual FSS, the reflection coefficient of the patch will be equal to the transmission coefficient of the mesh.

Circuit duality

The dual circuit of the bandstop filter can be obtained simply equating the reflection coefficient of the bandstop FSS to the transmission coefficient of the bandpass FSS to obtain (if we use L1, C1 for the bandstop patch FSS and L2, C2 for the bandpass mesh FSS):

This produces a bandpass circuit (with parameters L2, C2) which is the dual of the bandstop circuit (with parameters L1, C1).

FSS equivalent circuits - applications to FSS design

Once the transmission line equivalent circuit has been determined, multi-layer FSS design becomes much simpler and more intuitive - like ordinary filter analysis and design.  Now while it is certainly possible to design multi-layer FSS structures using first principles codes and generalized scattering matrices (GSM), it is far easier, quicker and more intuitive to use equivalent circuit models for FSS design, since it is possible to leverage decades' worth of research performed on electrical filter analysis and design and bring it to bear on FSS structures.  And, FSS filters are even easier to design than waveguide filters since the incidence angle does not vary with frequency.

Butterworth lowpass filter design using FSS equivalent circuits

Starting point: prototype lumped L, C Butterworth filter

As an example of how to use FSS equivalent circuits for quick and efficient design of a practical filter, we can sketch out the process that would be followed in designing a 5-stage Butterworth filter (Hunter [2001], Matthaei [1964]) using a stack of 5 frequency selective surfaces, with 4 air spacers in between the FSS sheets.

The lowpass prototype L,C ladder network is shown in Fig. 3.1.1-1 (Hunter [2001]).  The cutoff frequency will be scaled to 7 GHz and the filter will be matched to 377 Ohms (the impedance of free space) on the input and output sides.  The idea we'll follow is that the shunt capacitors will eventually be replaced by sub-resonant (capacitive) patch-type FSS sheets and the series inductors will be replaced by air spacers between the 5 FSS layers.  Short transmission lines are approximately equivalent to series inductors.

Transmission response of prototype lumped L, C filter

The transmission magnitude and phase response of the scaled Butterworth L,C filter is shown in Fig. 3.1.2-1. Transmission magnitude is flat in the passband (below the 7 GHz cutoff frequency) and has a monotonically decreasing skirt on the high frequency side of the passband.  The phase through the filter is linear throughout the 7 GHz passband, making this filter an ideal choice for a linear phase filter application, for example in the design of an ultra-wideband filter that approximates a true time delay transmission line.  This is the baseline lumped L,C filter that will be the starting point for our 5-layer FSS Butterworth filter design.

Now we begin the process of transforming the prototype Butterworth lumped L,C filter into an equivalent FSS Butterworth filter.  Two modifications of the baseline lumped L,C filter will be necessary, in order to obtain the corresponding FSS filter.  First, the series inductors will be replaced by their equivalent transmission line sections, and then the shunt capacitors will be replaced by capacitive frequency selective surfaces.

First transformation: replace series inductors with transmission line spacers

At this point in the development, the series inductors in the prototype L,C ladder network will now be replaced by sub-half-wavelength air spacers (which we will model as transmission lines) between the FSS layers.  The thickness of the air spacers may be determined as shown in Fig. 3.1.3-1, in which we compare the ABCD matrix of a series inductor with the ABCD matrix of a short transmission line (Ramo [1994]), in order to obtain the proper length of transmission line between the shunt capacitors (sub-resonant FSS layers) to produce a Butterworth filter response.  It is well known that a series inductor represents an approximate lumped circuit model of a short transmission line, and we'll exploit this equivalence to determine the required thickness of the air spacers.

With the thickness of the air spacers between sheets now determined, the equivalent circuit now takes on the form shown in Fig. 3.1.4-1:

Second transformation: Replace shunt capacitors with capacitive patch FSS below resonance

Now the only thing left to do is to find the lowpass FSS that yields the shunt capacitance values called out in Fig. 2.3.1-4.  This is usually done through trial and error.  Fitting a shunt capacitor to a real FSS is done by repeated running of a first principles code to match the reflection response of the shunt capacitor with the reflection from a capacitive FSS.  Patch-type FSS below resonance will produce a capacitive shunt admittance equivalent circuit, with closer packing of elements in the FSS sheet yielding higher shunt capacitance values in the equivalent circuit.

Examples

FSS can seemingly take on a nearly infinite number of forms, depending on the application.  And now FSS are being used in the development of certain classes of meta-materials.

Classification: by form or by function

FSS are typically resonance region structures (wavelength comparable to element size and spacing). FSS can be classified either by their form or by their function.  Morphologically, Munk (Munk [200]) classified FSS elements into 2 broad categories: those that are "wire-like" (one-dimensional) and those that are "patch-like" (two-dimensional) in appearance.  His lifelong preference was for the one-dimensional wire-like FSS structures, and they do seem to have advantages for many applications.  Frequency selective surfaces, as any type of filter, may also be classified according to their function, and these usually fall into 3 categories: low-pass, high-pass and bandpass, in addition to band-stop filters.  FSS may be made to be absorptive as well, and absorption is usually over some frequency band.

Elements

A number of FSS scatterer configurations are now known, ranging from early types such as resonant dipoles, disks and squares to crossed dipoles, Jerusalem crosses, four-legged loaded slots and tripoles,

Low-pass

The FSS reflection and transmission properties are determined by both the individual scatterer and the lattice.

Band-stop or band-reject

Bandpass

Angular filters

AFA stacks

Fabrication

Typically FSSs are fabricated by chemically etching a copper-clad dielectric sheet, which may consist of Teflon (ε=2.1), Kapton, (ε=3.1), fiberglass (ε-4.5) or various forms of duroid (ε=6.0, 10.2).  The sheet may range in thickness from a few thousandths of an inch to as much as 20–40 thousand.

Applications
Applications of FSS range from the mundane (microwave ovens) to the forefront of contemporary technology involving active and reconfigurable structures such as smart skins.

Microwave ovens

Antennas
Radomes

EM absorbers

Camouflage
For multi-spectral camouflage, like the Saab Barracuda, FSS can be used to allow certain frequencies to penetrate, so communication and GPS isn't blocked.

See also
 Fourier optics
 Photonic crystal
 Metamaterial
 Bragg diffraction
 Diffraction grating
 Bloch wave

Notes

References

 Hunter, Ian, Theory and Design of Microwave Filters (IEE: 2001).
 Matthaei, George L.; Young, Leo and Jones, E. M. T., Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Networks, and Coupling Structures, McGraw-Hill, 1964}.

 Ramo, S.; Whinnery, J. R. and Van Duzer T., Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, Wiley, 1994 978-0471585510}.

W. Mai et al., Prism-Based DGTD With a Simplified Periodic Boundary Condition to Analyze FSS With D2n Symmetry in a Rectangular Array Under Normal Incidence, in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2902340

Photonics
Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)
Metamaterials
Physical optics
Fourier analysis
Computational electromagnetics


title: Janieve Russell

text:
Janieve Russell (born 14 November 1993) is a Jamaican track and field athlete who competes mainly in the 400 metres hurdles and the 400 metres sprint. She won an Olympic bronze medal in the  relay in Tokyo 2021, where she also finished fourth in the 400m hurdles final in a personal best of 53.08 secs. She is a four-time Commonwealth Games gold medallist, winning the 400m hurdles title in 2018 and 2022, and the  relay in 2014 and 2018. She has also won two relay silvers at the World Championships and a relay gold at the World Indoor Championships.

Russell was highly successful as a youth and junior level athlete. She was a nine-time gold medallist at the CARIFTA Games and a double gold medallist at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics, winning the 400 metres hurdles and the 4 × 400 m relay. She also won a relay medal at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

Career

Early life and career
Born in Manchester, Jamaica, she attended Holmwood Technical High School in Christiana and competed in a variety of track and field events while there. She was in the top three of both the high jump and long jump at the Jamaican High School Championships in 2008 and made her international debut shortly after, taking the under-17 long jump silver at the 2008 CARIFTA Games. She returned at the 2009 CARIFTA Games and won that title, setting a personal best of  in the process. At the competition she was also the high jump bronze medallist, double gold medallist in the 4×100 and 4×400 metres relays, and set a games record in the 300 metres hurdles as well. She was among the contenders in the long jump at the 2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics, but was twenty centimetres off her best in the final and finished in ninth place.

Expanding her oeuvre, in 2010 Russell placed in the top three at the Jamaican High School in the 100 metres hurdles as well as her long jump speciality. Taking in combined track and field events, she entered the pentathlon at the 2010 CARIFTA Games and won by a margin of nearly 400 points. She still entered the long jump individually, and placed fourth. The Jamaican junior championships saw her win a long jump/400 metres sprint double. International junior medals followed at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships, where the 16-year-old Russell took the 400 m silver medal win a personal best of 53.68 seconds and helped the Jamaican 4×400 metres relay team to the gold medals. She was selected for the same events at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Although she was a little slower in the 400 m individual event, being eliminated in the semi-finals, she won a medal with the Jamaican team, which ran its fastest time of the year (3:32.24 minutes) to claim the bronze medals. She competed internationally in her fourth different event of the season, choosing the long jump for the 2010 Youth Olympics and placing seventh in the competition.

The 2011 season saw Russell set personal bests in all the disciplines she competed in, bar the jumps. She focused on the 400 metres hurdles at the start of the year, which culminated in a victory in the under-19 section of the 2011 CARIFTA Games in a personal best of 57.71 seconds. She also won relay gold with the Jamaican team at the competition. In May she ran track bests of 24.10 seconds for the 200 metres and 53.55 seconds for the 400 m. In June she won her first senior title at the Jamaican Athletics Championships, winning the heptathlon with a personal best score of 5361 points, including a javelin throw best of  and an 800 metres best of 2:18.47 minutes to finish the competition. The 2011 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships was the biggest international event of her season and she finished with a heptathlon silver medal behind Brazil's Tamara de Souza, setting bests in the shot put and 100 metres hurdles along the way.

World Junior champion
Russell began to specialise more in the hurdles in 2012. She repeated her hurdles/relay double at the 2012 CARIFTA Games and was also the long jump runner-up. Her season focused on the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics. She entered as the world leader in the 400 m hurdles through her new best of 57.04 seconds at the national championships in June. She was dominant at the competition and won the gold medal by a margin of over a second, setting a new best time of 56.62 seconds. This made her the second Jamaican woman to win the title, following in the footsteps of Kaliese Spencer She then anchored the Jamaican 4×400 m relay team to the silver medals behind the American team.

Senior career
Having finished her junior career, she gained an athletic scholarship to study at the University of Technology, Jamaica – an institution with a prominent sports programme. She continued to focus on the 400 m hurdles, setting a new best of 56.30 seconds in 2013, and began training in the event under Stephen Francis at the MVP Track Club. She markedly improved her performances in 2014. She knocked over a second and a half off her 400 m sprint best, running a time of 51.49 seconds in Kingston in June. At the Jamaican Championships she was runner-up i the 400 m hurdles to the Kaliese Spencer, the top Jamaican and training partner. Russell's time of 54.75 seconds was almost a second improvement on her previous best.

She was chosen to compete at the 2014 Commonwealth Games (her first senior selection) and she came away with a bronze medal in the 400 m hurdles, finishing behind Spencer and host nation athlete Eilidh Child. She ran in the heats of the 4×400 m relay and though she was replaced in the final, the team won the gold medals.

Personal bests
400 metres hurdles – 53.08 sec (2021)
200 metres – 23.43 sec (2018)
400 metres – 50.98 sec (2023)
800 metres – 2:11.5h min (2015)
100 metres hurdles – 13.80 sec (2012)
300 metres hurdles – 41.30 sec (2009)
High jump –  (2009)
Long jump –  (2010)
Shot put –  (2011)
Javelin throw –  (2011)
Pentathlon – 3825 points (2010)
Heptathlon – 5361 points (2011)

International competition record

 † = Competed in the heats of the relay only.
1Disqualified in the final

National titles
Heptathlon: 2010
400 meter hurdles: 2015

References

External links

Living people
1993 births
Jamaican female sprinters
Jamaican female hurdlers
Jamaican female long jumpers
Jamaican heptathletes
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Jamaica
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Jamaica
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Manchester Parish
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Jamaica
World Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Jamaica
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
IAAF Continental Cup winners
Jamaican Athletics Championships winners
Commonwealth Games gold medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists for Jamaica
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
21st-century Jamaican women
21st-century Jamaican people
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


title: The Night Of

text:
The Night Of is a 2016 American eight-part crime drama television miniseries based on the first season of Criminal Justice, a 2008 British series. The miniseries was written by Richard Price and Steven Zaillian (based on the original Criminal Justice plot by Peter Moffat), and directed by Zaillian and James Marsh. Broadcast on HBO, The Night Of premiered on July 10, 2016 to critical acclaim. The first episode premiered on June 24, 2016, via HBO's on-demand services. The Night Of received 13 Emmy nominations, winning five, including Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series for Riz Ahmed.

Cast

Starring
 John Turturro as John Stone, a lawyer who represents Nasir Khan
 Riz Ahmed as Nasir "Naz" Khan, a Pakistani-American college student accused of murdering a woman on the Upper West Side of New York City
 Michael Kenneth Williams as Freddy Knight, an influential prisoner at Rikers Island
 Bill Camp as Detective Sergeant Dennis Box, the lead detective on Nasir's case
 Jeannie Berlin as Helen Weiss, a district attorney working on Nasir's case
 Payman Maadi as Salim Khan, Nasir's father
 Poorna Jagannathan as Safar Khan, Nasir's mother
 Glenne Headly as Alison Crowe, a lawyer who represents Nasir Khan
 Amara Karan as Chandra Kapoor, Alison's employee
 Ashley Thomas as Calvin Hart, a prisoner at Rikers Island
 Paul Sparks as Don Taylor, Andrea's stepfather
 Sofia Black-D'Elia as Andrea Cornish, the victim
 Afton Williamson as Wiggins, a police officer working at the 21st precinct
 Ben Shenkman as Klein, a sergeant working at 21st precinct
 Chip Zien as Katz, a pathologist
 Paulo Costanzo as Ray Halle, financial adviser to Andrea and her mother
 Ned Eisenberg as Lawrence Felder, a judge
 Kirk "Sticky Fingaz" Jones as Walker, a prisoner at Rikers Island
 Glenn Fleshler as Judge Roth
 Mohammad Bakri as Tariq, a taxi driver and Salim's colleague
 Nabil Elouahabi as Yusuf, a taxi driver and Salim's colleague

Supporting
 Frank L. Ridley as Jerry
 Jeff Wincott as Lucas
 Fisher Stevens as Saul, John's pharmacist
 Lord Jamar as Tino
 Ariya Ghahramani as Amir Farik
 Syam Lafi as Hasan Khan
 Max Casella as Edgar
 J. D. Williams as Trevor Williams
 Frank Wood as Harry, the medical examiner
 Skipp Sudduth as Bell
 Kevin Dunn as Danny Lang
 Joe Egender as Cutler ("Cutty"), a drug dealer
 Mustafa Shakir as Victor

Production
On September 19, 2012, it was announced that HBO had ordered a pilot based on the British television series Criminal Justice. James Gandolfini was set to star, Richard Price would write the project, and Steven Zaillian would direct. On February 19, 2013, HBO passed on the project. However, on May 13, 2013, HBO reversed course, picking up Criminal Justice as a seven-part limited series. After Gandolfini's death on June 19, 2013, it was reported that the miniseries would move forward in his honor, and that Robert De Niro was set to replace Gandolfini. On April 21, 2014, John Turturro replaced De Niro because of scheduling conflicts. On March 11, 2016, it was announced that the project would premiere in the middle of 2016 under the title The Night Of. Gandolfini retains a posthumous executive producer credit.

In July 2016, Steven Zaillian commented about the possibility of a second season: "We're thinking about it and if we come up with something we all feel is worthy of doing, we'll do it. This was designed as a stand-alone piece. That being said, there are ways of certainly kind of taking what it feels like and what it's about and doing another season on another subject." In April 2017, Zaillian again commented on the possibility of a second season, saying: "Listen, we would love to do it, and when I say 'we,' I mean [co-creator] Richard Price and myself. If we can come up with something that we fall in love with, we'll do it. If we don't, we won't." In August 2017, John Turturro talked about the possibility of returning for season two: "We've been talking. So we'll see. I would be very interested because I felt that character offered something really rich. I'm hoping that that will come to fruition."

In January 2020, John Turturro stated that new episodes of The Night Of are still a possibility: "We have a couple of ideas but we have to sit down and discuss them, so we're at that stage so that's good."

Episodes

Reception

Critical reception
The Night Of received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 90 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim" based on 40 reviews. It has a score of 94% on Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 8.6/10 based on 88 reviews; its consensus reads, "The Night Of is a richly crafted, exquisitely performed mystery that will keep viewers enthralled and leave them devastated."

IGN reviewer Jesse Schedeen gave the entire miniseries an 8.9 out of 10 "Great" score, writing, "With only a couple of exceptions, this summer hasn't been the greatest when it comes to new TV series, which makes The Night Ofs brief run all the more special. This limited series did little to shake up the formula when it (comes to) crime dramas, but it was distinguished by its amazing cast and the pervasive tension that drove the series from start to finish."

Accolades

Ratings
In the United States, TV ratings grew over the course of its eight-episode run, with daily ratings tripling between the premiere and season finale. The premiere episode drew 2.1million viewers, before increasing to an average gross audience of 8.2million viewers on HBO.

In the United Kingdom, where it aired in September 2016, the first episode drew 468,000 viewers on Sky Atlantic. The show eventually drew an audience of 2.5million viewers across Sky's On Demand platforms.

See also
 Serial (podcast), a series with several similarities

References

External links

2010s American crime drama television series
2010s American drama television miniseries
2016 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
American prison television series
American television series based on British television series
English-language television shows
Fictional portrayals of the New York City Police Department
HBO original programming
Primetime Emmy Award-winning television series
Television Academy Honors winners
Television series by BBC Studios
Television series by Home Box Office
Television series created by Richard Price (writer)
Television shows filmed in New York City
Television shows set in the Bronx
Television shows set in Queens
Works by Steven Zaillian


title: Anna Karenina (1975 film)

text:
Anna Karenina () is a 1975 Soviet film directed by Margarita Pilikhina. It was first shown at the 1975 Cannes Film Festival where it premiered out of competition.

The film is a Bolshoi Ballet version of Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel Anna Karenina with choreography by Maya Plisetskaya who also took on the title role.

Plot

Count Vronsky (Alexander Godunov) spots Anna Karenina (Maya Plisetskaya) waiting at a train station. He is immediately taken with her. When the two meet again they cannot deny their attraction and dance passionately together.

Cast
 Maya Plisetskaya
 Alexander Godunov
 Nina Sorokina
 Yuri Vladimirov
 Aleksandr Sedov
 M. Sedova
 Vladimir Tikhonov

References

External links

1975 films
1970s musical films
Films based on Anna Karenina
Soviet ballet films
Mosfilm films


title: Amitabh Rajan

text:
Amitabh Rajan (born 1 January 1955) is an Indian Administrative Service officer of Maharashtra cadre and the former Home Secretary and Additional Chief Secretary of Maharashtra. He currently heads the Reserve Bank of India Services Board as its Chairman, and is also an Independent Director in the Board of the State Trading Corporation of India.

Early life and education
Rajan holds a Bachelor of Arts in History, a Master of Arts (with Distinction) in Modern History and a Doctorate in Sociological Jurisprudence from Jawaharlal Nehru University.

Career

Rajan started his civil service career by joining the Indian administrative service in 1979. As a career bureaucrat, he served the State Government of Maharashtra and the Government of India, in various capacities. With the Government of Maharashtra and Government of India, Rajan has held very senior positions in the areas of Internal Security, Finance, Power Sector Regulation, Corporate Governance and Investment Commission. He held the charge of the Additional Chief Secretary and the Home Secretary, Government of Maharashtra.

As Maharashtra's Home Secretary, Rajan headed "Operation X", the hanging of the terrorist Ajmal Kasab. Rajan also gave sanction to prosecute Zabiuddin Ansari (aka Abu Jundal) in the Aurangabad Arms Haul Case, on the strength of which Abu Jundal was convicted to life imprisonment by the Special Court (MCOCA).

Rajan established the Maharashtra Police Establishment Board, and was responsible for the selection of various Police Commissioners and Director Generals in the State of Maharashtra, including two Police Commissioners of Mumbai, and Police Commissioners of Pune, Thane, etc.

He chaired several high-powered committees, including the committee setup to improve the low conviction rate in Maharashtra, which improved state-level conviction-rate in the next calendar year, and the committee setup by the Bombay High Court to improve traffic congestion in Mumbai City.

Rajan served as the Additional Secretary (Revenue) in the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance from 29 November 2011 to 13 March 2012. He also held the additional charge of Director Enforcement. Prior to this, he served as the Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Personnel from 2010 to 2011.

From 2006 to 2011, he served as the Principal Secretary and Investment Commissioner to the Government of Maharashtra, and was the Chairman and Managing Director of a National Finance and Development Corporation from 2001 to 2006. Prior to this, he has served the Government of India in various capacities, as the Secretary to the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Director of Finance (Ministry of Social Justice), the Deputy Secretary (Home: Special), and District Magistrate for Jalgaon and Nanded districts in Maharashtra.

He has represented India in various international venues, including at the 2012 Ministerial Conference of Paris Pact, where he led the Indian delegation in the absence of the Union Finance Minister. He also led the Indian delegation at SAARC summits in Pakistan (1993) and Bangladesh (1992).

He has also held memberships in the Council of Administration, International Institute of Administrative Sciences, Brussels,  the Governing Council of the Asian Group of Public Administration, Beijing, and the Commonwealth Association for Public Administration & Management, London. His biographical entry has been included in the INFA Annual Publication "India: Who’s Who" since 2002, under the Finance category. He is also the Honorary President of The International Chamber of Professional Education and Industry

Corporate and establishment boards

Corporate Boards
 Chairman, Reserve Bank of India (Services Board) (2018-)
 Member, Independent Committee on Stressed Assets, State Bank of India (2019-)
 Independent Director, State Trading Corporation of India (2017-)
 Chairman, Nomination and Remuneration Committee, State Trading Corporation of India (2017-)
 Chairman, Board of Directors, Maharashtra State Security Corporation (2012-2014)
 Chairman, Board of Directors, Maharashtra Police Housing Corporation (2012-2014)
 Chairman and Managing Director, National SC Finance and Development Corporation (2001-2006)
 Member, Board of Directors, National BC Finance and Development Corporation (2001-2006)
 Member, Board of Directors, National Handicapped Finance Corporation (2001-2006)
 Member, Board of Directors, National Jute Manufacturers Corporation, Ltd. (2002-2006)

Establishment Boards
 Chairman, Maharashtra Police Establishment Board (2013-2014)
 Member, State Civil Services Board for IAS officers (2013-2014)
 Member, State Civil Services Board for IFS officers (2013-2014)

Academic Councils
 Member, Academic Council, Institute of Technology and Science, Ghaziabad (2019-)
 Member, Academic Advisory Board, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai (2019-)
 Member, Academic Advisory Board, GL Bajaj Institute of Management and Research, Greater Noida (2019-)

Books, articles, interviews and talks
Rajan has written several books, including "Ethical Dimensions of Administrative Power", "Sociology of Human Rights" and "Explorations in Local History and Literature". He has also authored over 15 research articles including the publications in Indian Journal of Public Administration: "Information Rights: A Jurisprudential Audit" and "Jurisprudence of Children’s Rights", and the publications in All India Reporter: "Evolution of Information Rights Jurisprudence", and "Jurisprudential Strength of Children’s Rights". As an authority on the Maharashtra Police, he was invited to write the introductory commentary on the book "The Maharashtra Police Act" by All India Reporter.

Rajan has also written several articles in the field of Finance, including “The Institutional Identity of India’s NITI Aayog”, “India’s Fourteenth Finance Commission: A SWOT-Analysis”, “Neoliberalism and After: Scope and Limits of Interest Group Representations in Public Finance Decisions”, and "Techno-economic Aspects of Modernization of Police Forces in India".

Rajan has given various invited talks -- "Techno-economic aspects of Modernization of Police Forces in India" (London), "Administrative Identity of Regulation in India" (International Congress of I.I.A.S., Lausanne, 2011), and "New Public Management Model: A Critique. Public Administration" (Leadership and Management Academy, Republic of South Africa, 2011) -- to name a few.

Books
 Ethical Dimensions of Administrative Power (SAGE, 2021)
Sociology of Human Rights, 2002
 Explorations in Local History and Literature, 1985

Articles
 Role of Innovation, Creation and Integration in Institution Building for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Indian Institute of Public Administration Digest)
 Administrative Theory of Regulation: The Indian Scenario (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 Institutional Dynamics of Governance Reforms in India (1991-2016) (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 The Institutional Identity of India’s NITI Aayog (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 India’s Fourteenth Finance Commission: A SWOT-Analysis (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 Neoliberalism and After: Scope and Limits of Interest Group Representations in Public Finance Decisions (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 The Maharashtra Police Act (All India Reporter)
 Evolution of Information Rights Jurisprudence (All India Reporter)
 Jurisprudential Strength of Children’s Rights (All India Reporter)
 Information Rights: A Jurisprudential Audit (Indian Journal of Public Administration)
 Jurisprudence of Children’s Rights (Indian Journal of Public Administration)

Invited Talks and Public Lectures
 Genesis and Evolution of the Reserve Bank of India (O.P.Jindal Global University, Sonepat, April 2022)
 Technovation: The Way Forward (BFSI and FinTech Summit 2022, Dun & Bradstreet India, Mumbai, March 2022)
 BFSI: Vision 2022 for India on the Next Steps (6th Elets BFSI CTO Virtual Summit, Delhi, February 2022)
 Building Resilience for Growth in the Manufacturing Sector (Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad, December 2021)
 Enterprise Development in the Post-2008 World (Institute of Technology and Science, Ghaziabad, November 2021)
 Digital Transformation of the Post-2008 Financial World (Dr D. Y. Patil International University, Pune, October 2021)
 Ethics of Prudence for the BFSI Sector: The Road Ahead (Trescon BFSI Future Tech Show, September 2021)
 Strategies for Future of People and Work (People Matters TechHR India, August 2021)
 Strategies for the Future of People & Work (Tech HR, New Delhi, August 2021)
Redefining Governance for India’s BFSI Sector (BFSI Leadership Summit, New Delhi, July 2021)
Ethics of Prudence for the BFSI Sector: The Road Ahead (Big BFSI Future Tech Show, Bengaluru, July 2021)
Dynamics of Sovereign Will-Formation in Democracies (New Delhi, September 2020)
Emerging Dimensions of Regulatory Ethics in Banking (Future of Banking Summit, Keynote Address, Mumbai, November 2019)
 Elements of Innovation, Integration and Creation in Management (November 2019)
 Transforming Governance with Emerging Technologies (BFSI Innovation and Technology Summit, Mumbai, August 2019)
 The Ethical Dimensions of Entrepreneurship (Institute of Technology and Science, Ghaziabad, August 2019)
 Corporate Expectations from Young Managers (Institute of Management Studies, Keynote Address, Ghaziabad, July 2019)
 Non-banking Financial Companies in India: A SWOT Analysis (The Economic Times DigiTech Conclave, Mumbai, May 2019)
 Institutional Foundations for FinTech in India (BFSI Gamechanger Summit, Goa, May 2019)
 Techno-Financial Dimensions of The Ayushman Bharat Initiative (Healthcare & Wellness Summit, 2018)
 Techno-Financial Prospects for India's Non-Banking Financial Corporations (5th NBFC100 Tech Summit, 2018)
 Addressing the gathering in I.T.S Digital Conclave-2017
 An Address to the Rajasthan Administrative Service officers, 2017
 The Dynamics of Internal Security in India: A Federal Perspective (Institute of Social Sciences, Center for Multilevel Federalism, 2017)
 The Institutional Politics of Anti-Corruption (Center for the Study of Developing Societies, 2017)
 Steps to Counter Asia's Security Threats Discussed
 The Institutional Politics of Anti-Corruption
 Discussion on Internal security by Dr. Amitabh Rajan & Shri M.L. Kumawat
 Techno-economic Aspects of Modernization of Police Forces in India (London)
 Administrative Identity of Regulation in India (International Congress of I.I.A.S., Lausanne, 2011)
 New Public Management Model: A Critique. Public Administration (Leadership and Management Academy, Republic of South Africa, 2011)

Interviews
 In conversation with Dr Amitabh Rajan, Chairman, Reserve Bank of India
 Prospects of e-governance for India‘s internal security
 A Q&A with Dr. Amitabh Rajan on the Plan for Every Child Initiative
 Keeping news of Ajmal Kasab hanging under wraps was biggest challenge: Amitabh Rajan
 In Maharashtra, the biggest threat is from the sea… security in terms of coast guard needs improvement

References

Living people
1955 births
Indian Administrative Service officers


title: Volendam (disambiguation)

text:
Volendam is a town in North Holland in the Netherlands.

Ships
Several ships have been named after the town. They include:
, a transatlantic liner built in 1922 and scrapped in 1951
, an ocean liner renamed Volendam in 1972 and scrapped in 2004
, a cruise ship built in 1999

Other
Volendam may also refer to:
Colonia Volendam, a Russian Mennonite town in Paraguay, named after the 1922 steamship
Volendam neurodegenerative disease, a type of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Volendam New Year's fire, a deadly café fire in Volendam in the New Year's night of 2000–2001
Volendam Windmill, a windmill in Holland Township, New Jersey, United States

Ship names


title: Rowing at the 2015 Pan American Games

text:
Rowing competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto  were held from July 11 to 15 at the Royal Canadian Henley Rowing Course in St. Catharines. A total of fourteen rowing events were contested at the Games. A total of fourteen rowing events were held: eight for men and six for women.

Competition schedule

The following is the competition schedule for the rowing competitions:

Medal table

Medalists

Men's events

Women's events

Participating nations
A total of 14 countries have qualified athletes. The number of athletes a nation has entered is in parentheses beside the name of the country.

Qualification

A total of 205 rowers qualified to compete at the games. A country may only enter a maximum of 26 rowers. All qualification was done at the 2014 Pan American Olympic Festival (except the men's eights which was by entry only), where a specific number of boats qualified in each of the fourteen events.

See also
Rowing at the 2016 Summer Olympics

References


title: Pruitt City, Oklahoma

text:
Pruitt City is an unincorporated community in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Carter County, Oklahoma
Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma


title: Mussenden Temple and Downhill Demesne

text:
The Mussenden Temple and Downhill Demesne is a National Trust property consisting of Downhill Castle and its estate, which includes the Mussenden Temple.
A popular wedding destination and viewing point.

See also
 Hezlett House

References

National Trust properties in Northern Ireland
Tourist attractions in County Londonderry


title: Det är vi ändå

text:
"Det är vi ändå" is a song written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, and originally performed by BAO with Helen Sjöholm & Tommy Körberg on the 2006 album BAO på turné 2006 and released as a single the same year  On 28 May 2006, the song entered Svensktoppen, reaching first position on 25 June 2006. The song stayed at Svensktoppen for totally 43 weeks, ending the visit on 19 March 2007. before leaving chart.

In 2009, the song was recorded by Elisabeth Andreassen as a  vocal duet with Sven Nordin for her folk music album Spellemann. On 14 July 2009, Elisabeth Andreassen performed the song live as a vocal duet with Alexander Rybak at Allsång på Skansen.

References

2006 songs
Elisabeth Andreassen songs
Songs written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus
Swedish-language songs
Male–female vocal duets
Benny Anderssons orkester songs


title: Rexroat, Oklahoma

text:
Rexroat is an unincorporated community located in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Carter County, Oklahoma
Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma


title: Stelio Nardin

text:
Stelio Nardin (; 26 August 1939 – 11 August 2014) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender.

Club career
Nardin is best known for his time with Napoli where he made 135 appearances; he also played for U.S. Catanzaro 1929 and Casertana Calcio.

International career
Nardin won one international cap for Italy in a 1–1 draw against Portugal in a friendly held on 27 March 1967.

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Gorizia
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Italy men's international footballers
SSC Napoli players
US Catanzaro 1929 players
Serie A players
Footballers from Friuli Venezia Giulia


title: Joan Kipkemoi

text:
Joan Kipkemoi Rotich (also known as Joan Chepkemoi or Joanne Kipkemoi; born 27 November 1993) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

Born in Kericho, Kenya, she first emerged at national level in 2014. At the Kenyan Athletics Championships she ran a personal best time of 9:44.00 minutes for the steeplechase to finish second behind Purity Kirui.

This gained her selection for the Kenyan team at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. At the competition she ran a personal best of 9:33.34 minutes to place third in the 3000 m steeplechase final. Her performance made it a Kenyan medal sweep, as her compatriots Kirui and Milcah Chemos Cheywa took the top two spots.

References

External links

Living people
1993 births
Kenyan female steeplechase runners
Kenyan female long-distance runners
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Kenya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
People from Kericho County
Sportspeople from Rift Valley Province
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
21st-century Kenyan women
21st-century Kenyan people
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: 2015 European Rugby Champions Cup final

text:
The 2015 European Rugby Champions Cup Final was the final match in the first European Rugby Champions Cup, and the twentieth European club rugby final in general, as the competition replaces the Heineken Cup.

The final was played between the French clubs Clermont and Toulon at Twickenham Stadium on 2 May 2015.

Toulon won the final, beating Clermont by 24 points to 18.
This was the third successive win by Toulon of the top European club rugby competition.

Background
In the Heineken Cup (1995–2014), Toulon won twice, the two last editions of the tournament (2013 and 2014). The first of those finals was also Clermont's only final, and Toulon won 16–15 at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Ireland. In 2014, Toulon won 23–6 against England's Saracens at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.

Venue and ticketing
Following a competitive tendering process, the tournament organisers, European Professional Club Rugby, announced in August 2014 that the final would be held in the 82,000 capacity Twickenham Stadium, London on May 2, 2015. The scheduling makes it the earliest in the season that the European final has been held since the 1999 Heineken Cup Final, and is two weeks after the semi-finals are held, providing limited opportunity for supporters of the two finalists to make arrangements to attend. Around 8000 supporters of the two clubs involved in the final travelled to Twickenham, with part of their allocations being returned.

Efforts were made to try and boost attendance by offering free tickets to the final to those that purchased tickets to the Aviva Premiership final that was to be held in the same venue later in the month. However, a technical issue meant that the requirement to purchase the Premiership final tickets was not initially enforced, meaning customers could order only the free ticket and pay just a booking fee.

Route to Final

Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).

Clermont
In the pool stages, third-seeds Clermont topped Pool 1, winning five of six games. Their only defeat was their first game, losing 30–23 away to Saracens at Allianz Park on 18 October 2014. After that, they defeated Munster and Sale Sharks home and away, and concluded on 15 January 2015 with an 18–6 victory over Saracens at the Stade Marcel-Michelin.

On 4 April in the quarter-finals, Clermont hosted English champions Northampton Saints and won 37–5. Fourteen days later in the semi-finals they hosted Saracens, who had defeated them in the previous season's Heineken Cup semi-finals, and won 13–9. Wesley Fofana scored the only try of the match for Clermont, converted by Brock James, who also scored both of their penalties.

Toulon
Seeded second, Toulon won Pool 3 with five victories and one defeat. Their one loss came away to Leicester Tigers on 7 December, 25–21. In the quarter-finals, they triumphed 32–18 over Wasps at the Stade Mayol on 5 April, with tries by Mathieu Bastareaud and Ali Williams. Both were converted by Frédéric Michalak, who also scored all six of their penalties. Two weeks later they won their semi-final 25–20 after extra time against Leinster at the Stade Vélodrome in Marseille. The game finished 12–12 after 80 minutes, and in extra time both teams scored tries: Bryan Habana's for Toulon was converted by Leigh Halfpenny, but Séan O'Brien scored a late try for Leinster.

Match

Details

References

Final
2015
2014–15 in French rugby union
Rugby union in London
European Rugby Champions Cup
European Rugby Champions Cup
ASM Clermont Auvergne matches
RC Toulon matches


title: Trust Your Heart

text:
Trust Your Heart is an album by Judy Collins, released in 1987 by Gold Castle. The album liner notes credit Judy Collins with "overall production". It was released simultaneously with her autobiography of the same name. It is composed of seven of the 16 songs from an album she made for the British label, Telstar, titled Amazing Grace. In addition, she recorded two original songs, Trust Your Heart, and The Life You Dream, as well as a cover of Moonfall from the 1985 Broadway musical, Drood, aka "The Mystery of Edwin Drood".

Track listing
 "Trust Your Heart" (Judy Collins) – 3:21
 "Amazing Grace" (John Newton) – 3:50
 "Jerusalem" (William Blake, Hubert Parry) – 2:19
 "Day by Day (Godspell)" (Stephen Schwartz, John-Michael Tebelak) – 3:11
 "The Life You Dream" (Judy Collins) – 5:49
 "The Rose" (Amanda McBroom) – 5:04
 "Moonfall" (Rupert Holmes) – 3:30
 "Morning Has Broken" (Eleanor Farjeon, Cat Stevens) – 2:48
 "When a Child is Born" (Fred Jay (translator), Ciro Dammicco (alias Zacar)) – 3:23
 "When You Wish Upon a Star" (Leigh Harline, Ned Washington) – 2:45

Personnel
Judy Collins  – vocals, guitar, keyboards, background vocals
Warren Odze - drums, percussion
Shelton Becton - Piano, vocals
Lou Volpe - Guitar
Zev Katz - bass

Production
Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, NYC - mastering

References

External links section
Judy Collins official website
Warren Odze discography at Artist Direct
Warren Odze discography Discogs
Shelton Becton official website
Lou Volpe official website
Zev Katz bio
Zev Katz history with Roxy Music

Judy Collins albums
1987 albums


title: Anthony M. Rud

text:
Anthony Melville Rud (11 January 1893 – 30 November 1942) was an American writer and pulp magazine editor. Some of his works were published under the pen names Ray McGillivary and Anson Piper.

Biography
Anthony Melville Rud was born in Chicago, Illinois,  to Dr. Anthony Rud (1867–1928), an immigrant from Kongsberg, Norway, and Dr. Alice Florence (Piper) Rud (1871–1941).
Rud attended St. John's Military School in Delafield, Wisconsin,  and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1914. He also studied at Rush Medical College in Chicago.

As an author, he worked in several genres, including science fiction, horror and detective. His notable works include science fiction/horror/detective story Ooze (1923), which appeared in the first issue of Weird Tales and also featured in the book collection The Moon Terror published by Weird Tales (anonymously edited by Farnsworth Wright). Rud authored a science fiction novel named The Stuffed Men (1934). Rud contributed stories to Weird Tales, Argosy, Thrilling Wonder Stories, Golden Fleece Historical Adventure and other magazines.

He was the fourth editor of Adventure magazine from 15 October 1927 to 15 February 1930.

Rud also edited Detective Story Magazine in 1938 for Street and Smith.

He died in New York City at age 49.

Bibliography

Selected short stories
The Devil's Heirloom (1922)
 Ooze (1923)
The Stuffed Men (1934)
The Place of Hairy Death  (1934)

Novels
 The Last Grubstake (1922)
 The Second Generation (1923)
 The Devil's Heirloom (1924)
 The Sentence of the Six-Gun (1926)
 The Rose Bath Riddle (1934)
 House of the Damned (1934)
 The Stuffed Men (1935)
 Black Creek Buckaroo (1941)

Collections
 The Place of Hairy Death and Other Stories (2015)
 The Vengeance of the Wah Fu Tong (The Complete Cases of Jigger Masters, Volume 1) (2018)

References

External links

 Anthony M. Rud, Ray McGillivray, Anson Piper bibliographies at Galactic Central

1893 births
1942 deaths
Novelists from Chicago
Novelists from New York City
American people of Norwegian descent
American people of Canadian descent
American science fiction writers
American horror writers
American detective fiction writers
Pulp fiction writers
American magazine editors
American male novelists
American male short story writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers


title: KMCW-LP

text:
KMCW-LP (channel 14) was a low-power television station in Medford, Oregon, United States. It was owned by Northwest Broadcasting alongside Fox affiliate KMVU (channel 26) and MyNetworkTV affiliate KFBI-LD (channel 48).

History

KMCW-LP signed on the air on April 22, 2003. It was acquired by Modesto, California-based Sainte Partners II, L.P. (owned by Chester Smith) in 2006 and its new sister station KFBI would begin airing its programming in July 2006. KMCW began carrying NBC-owned Spanish-language network Telemundo and aired via internet link from Sainte's headquarters in Chico, California.

Ownership changes
In November 2007, it was announced that KMCW and sister station KFBI were up for sale, but they were never purchased. It remained Sainte property from then on.

In April 2012, station owners Sainte Television Group (aka Sainte Partners II) entered into a local marketing agreement with Bonten Media Group, a New York-based private equity group which owns Northern California ABC and MeTV affiliates KRCR-TV in Redding, California, and KAEF-TV in Eureka, California. KMCW and sister station KFBI were not included in the package and were sold to Northwest Broadcasting, owner of KMVU in Medford. KMCW replaced This TV (which aired briefly on KOBI-TV sub-channel 5.2) with Telemundo on sub-channel 48.2 while still airing on channel 14. KMCW had later changed its affiliation from Telemundo to MundoMax, and later to the religious network Sonlife.

In March of 2016, the station's license was cancelled and it has since gone dark.

Cable and satellite coverage
KMCW became available on local cable TV via Charter Communications on channel 3 in Medford and Klamath Falls as of September 5, 2006.

The station was not carried on either Dish Network or DirecTV.

MCW-LP
Religious television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 2003
2003 establishments in Oregon
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2016
2016 disestablishments in Oregon
Defunct television stations in the United States
MCW-LP


title: Klinga mina klockor (song)

text:
Klinga mina klockor is a song with music by Benny Andersson and lyrics by Björn Ulvaeus. It appeared on the 1987 album "Klinga mina klockor".

The song stayed at Svensktoppen for five weeks between 7 February-6 March 1988, peaking at 5th position.

In 2009, the song was recorded by Elisabeth Andreassen on the album Spellemann.

References

1987 songs
Elisabeth Andreassen songs
Songs written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus
Swedish-language songs


title: Veterans Inc.

text:
Veterans Inc. (formerly known as  The Central Massachusetts Shelter for Homeless Veterans and Massachusetts Veterans Inc.) is  a national, non-governmental, and non-profit organization, which was founded in 1990. It has been devoted to the cause of "providing services to veterans in need and their families across New England" by giving shelter to honorably-served veterans who have lost their homes and suffer from other possible disabilities. The organization is headquartered in Worcester, Massachusetts.

History
In 1990, a small "band of brothers", Vietnam veterans, alarmed at seeing their fellow veterans living in alleys and under bridges, incorporated Veterans Inc. (then the Central Massachusetts Shelter for Homeless Veterans). In October 1991, the group received the keys to the historic Massachusetts National Guard Armory from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with a contract to lease the building for a dollar per year. Abandoned for about 12 years, the building had been condemned and was slated for demolition. In four months, the veterans collected $17,000 in cash donations and, with the help of volunteers including labor unions, completed $250,000 worth of renovations.

With an all-volunteer staff, the doors opened to nine homeless Vietnam veterans on January 20, 1992. The building was still in such bad shape that only a small section of the first floor was used. The utilities were non-functioning, the windows blown out, walls had collapsed and the roof was pierced by huge holes. Rumor has it that every pigeon in the City of Worcester lived at 69 Grove Street. But these humble living conditions were better than the alternative for many. As the first years passed, Veterans Inc. repaired the building a little at a time. Most of the work was performed by the residents and volunteers. An estimated $5 million in volunteer and donated services has been invested over the past 20 years to rescue the historic building and expand services for veterans.

In 1993, Lt. Colonel Vincent J. Perrone USAF (Retired) was named president of the organization, a position he still holds today. He recruited Board Member Denis Leary (former Director of the Substance Abuse Center at Community Healthlink), and the two lifelong friends took the fledgling organization from $100,000 in debt to operating in the black in less than a year.  They expanded the agency's focus to include veterans of all eras, and women veterans. In fact, Veterans Inc. was the first facility in the nation to offer in-house services to female veterans (in 1994) and the first in the state of Massachusetts to operate a residential Women and Children's Program.
Soon after assuming leadership of the organization, Perrone and Leary realized that a 30-day "alcohol and substance free" emergency shelter – even if it put a roof over the veterans' heads and food in their stomachs – was not enough to keep veterans off the streets.  First, homelessness couldn't be solved if the veterans had no income. Some veterans moved out only to end up back at the shelter. So the Employment & Training program was created, including partnerships with employers that resulted in better jobs.  Furthermore, if mental health support was not provided, or physical rehabilitation, the veterans often couldn't hold jobs, or adapt to living on their own after leaving the shelter. So Health & Wellness services were added.

This "triangle of needs" – housing, employment and health – evolved into a comprehensive program of supportive services that addressed the myriad of issues veterans contend with. This model was developed and refined over the years into the nationally recognized clinical model employed at Veterans Inc. today.  This holistic approach entails providing every possible service, from legal advice to disability benefit applications, all under the auspices of a case manager, who works with every veteran to create a treatment plan tailored to that individual's strengths and challenges.

In 2009, the organization was renamed Veterans Inc. in recognition of its new programs and offices in all six New England states. The grassroots, all-volunteer operation of 1990 has grown into a professional, comprehensive, award-winning organization that provides care to thousands of veterans and their families every year.

In 2010, the Employment & Training Program was awarded the Elevate America Veterans Initiative Grant through Microsoft to provide veterans with a comprehensive set of services over the next two years. The program also allows Veterans Inc. to expand employment and trainings services to veterans' spouses and the National Guard and Reserve components of the military. In 2011 and 2012, The U.S. Department of Labor and the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans recognized Veterans Inc. Employment and Training Program as an example of "Top Best Practices". Veterans Inc. was recognized with the 2013 "Seal of Distinction" from the Call of Duty Endowment for their efforts to help veterans in need, and specifically for their effectiveness and efficiency in placing veterans in jobs.

The agency is still headquartered from the former Massachusetts National Guard Armory on Grove Street in Worcester. In addition, Veterans Inc. operates residential programs for veterans at several other Worcester sites (including a program for female veterans and their dependent children on Sheridan Street), in addition to sites in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts and Devens, Massachusetts. Veterans Inc. also operates a residential program in Bradford, Vermont, Lewiston, Maine, and New Britain, Connecticut.

National service
In 2015 Veterans Inc. received for the second time the  "Outstanding Member Award" from Then National Coalition for Homeless Veterans. In 2013 Veterans Inc. received the  Call of Duty Endowment  "Seal of Distinction" from the Call of Duty Endowment for its efforts to help veterans in need, and specifically for our effectiveness and efficiency in placing veterans in jobs.
In 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2012; the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) and the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (NCHV) identified the Veterans Inc. Employment and Training Program as an example of "Top Best Practices."  The Homeless Veterans Reintegration Program Best Practices Project was produced by the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (NCHV) in partnership with the U.S. Department of Labor-Veterans' Employment and Training Service (DOL-VETS). Veterans Inc. receives grant funding through this program, and the organization serves as a guidepost for other community-based homeless service providers throughout the country that are developing employment  assistance programs.

In 2009, Secretary of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs awarded Veterans Inc. the Secretary's "Outstanding Service Provider Award" for 2009.   The event, held in Washington DC, was part of the VA's National Summit Ending Homelessness Among Veterans.  Veterans Inc. was selected from more than 1,000 organizations serving veterans nationwide.  "Veterans Inc. plays a vital role in improving the lives of veterans and their families in our community, and throughout   New England" said Congressman James P. McGovern, who attended the award ceremony. "I know Veterans Inc. provides    outstanding programs and services, and I am so pleased that the Department of Veterans Affairs is recognizing the organization as a leader in ending homelessness among veterans.  This award confirms the standard of excellence set by Veterans Inc. in the provision of services for veterans and their families."

The National Coalition for Homeless Veterans (NCHV) awarded Veterans Inc. the "2009 Outstanding Member Award" at the Coalition's annual convention. Veterans Inc. was selected from more than 250 veterans' supportive services organizations  nationwide for this award.

References

Charities based in Massachusetts
Organizations based in Worcester, Massachusetts
American veterans' organizations


title: Hezlett House

text:
Hezlett House is a 17th-century thatched cottage located in Castlerock, County Londonderry. Built around 1691, it is one of the oldest buildings still in use anywhere in Ulster. The cottage has a cruck structure and is situated at the crossroads near the village. It was originally a rectory or farmhouse.

See also
 Downhill Estate

References

Inline

Other

National Trust properties in Northern Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Londonderry
Tourist attractions in County Londonderry
Grade A listed buildings
Historic house museums in Northern Ireland


title: Mesanthemum

text:
Mesanthemum is a genus of plants in the Eriocaulaceae, first described in 1856. It is native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Mesanthemum africanum Moldenke - Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Mesanthemum albidum Lecomte - Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leone
Mesanthemum angustitepalum Kimp - Zaïre
Mesanthemum auratum Lecomte - Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau
Mesanthemum bennae Jacq.-Fél - Guinea
Mesanthemum cupricola Kimp - Zaïre
Mesanthemum glabrum Kimp - Zaïre, Angola, Zambia
Mesanthemum jaegeri Jacq.-Fél - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville
Mesanthemum pilosum Kimp - Zaïre, Angola, Zambia, Malawi
Mesanthemum prescottianum (Bong.) Körn. - Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Gabon
Mesanthemum pubescens (Lam.) Körn. - Madagascar
Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Körn. - widespread from Liberia east to Tanzania, south to Mozambique
Mesanthemum reductum H.E.Hess - Congo-Brazzaville, Angola
Mesanthemum rutenbergianum Körn. - Madagascar
Mesanthemum variabile Kimp - Zaïre, Zambia

References

Eriocaulaceae
Taxa named by Friedrich August Körnicke


title: Kearney Barton

text:
Kearney Whitsell Barton (December 29, 1931 – January 17, 2012) was an American record producer active in Seattle, Washington, from the 1950s to the 2000s. Particularly known for his 1950s and 1960s-era recordings of garage rock bands, Barton recorded many Pacific Northwest musicians such as The Fleetwoods, The Ventures, The Wailers, The Sonics, The Frantics, The Kingsmen, Quincy Jones, Ann and Nancy Wilson, Bonnie Guitar, and Dave Lewis.

Biography
Barton was born in Missouri, and moved with his family to Seattle in 1945. After dropping out of the University of Washington in 1949, Barton began working in radio, acquiring his own show, Professor Barton's Album of Fine Music, on Seattle-based KTW. In early 1958, Barton was hired at KNBX as an engineer, and soon after Barton renamed the station Northwest Recorders and began leasing the studio for his own productions. One of Barton's early contracts at the new studio was with Dolton Records, for whom Barton recorded, among others, Bonnie Guitar and The Fleetwoods. Barton was the engineer of the Fleetwood's number-one hit "Mr. Blue". Around this time Barton also recorded groups such as The Wailers, The Frantics, and The Ventures. Barton did some sessions for local label Topaz Records (including Little Bill's version of "Louie Louie"), and the label's financial debt to the studio ended in Barton's receiving ownership of it.

In 1961, Barton moved to a new studio and founded a new recording company, called Audio Recording, Inc., and again to another, larger studio in 1965. He continued recording garage bands local to the Northwest, including The Sonics and The Kingsmen. The success of the Sonics led bands such as The Knickerbockers and The Standells to record with Barton. Barton also recorded local funk musicians such as the Black On White Affair, who were reissued on Light in the Attic Records' compilation, Wheedle's Groove. The Young Fresh Fellows, seeking a 1960s-era vintage sound, recorded with Barton in the 1990s.

Barton recorded into the 2000s, continuing to use vintage equipment such as Neumann vacuum-tube microphones due to their characteristic sound quality. In 2009, Light in the Attic released a newly recorded album of Seattle-area funk musicians who played under the name Wheedle's Groove; the album was entitled Kearney Barton in tribute to him. Norton Records also reissued some of Barton's productions and drew attention to his work in the 2000s. Barton fell ill and moved to a care facility in 2011, and died in January 2012. The studio contents of Barton's home, which held more than 7,000 open reel tapes, were partly preserved by the University of Washington. In 2020, Light in the Attic issued a compilation of music produced by Barton, culled from the University of Washington archives. The compilation is entitled Kearney Barton: Architect of the Northwest Sound.

References

1931 births
2012 deaths
Record producers from Missouri
Record producers from Washington (state)
Musicians from Seattle
University of Washington alumni


title: Ray Whipple

text:
Ray Christopher Whipple (November 14, 1893 - December 1973) was an American football player. He played at the end position in college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and in professional football for the Detroit Heralds from 1917 to 1920. He played for the 1920 Detroit Heralds during the first regular season of the National Football League (then known as the American Professional Football Association).  He was selected as an All-Pro player in 1917.

Early years
Whipple was born in 1893 at Elgin, Illinois. His father, L. F. Whipple, was a Michigan native, and his mother, Jennie Whipple, was an immigrant from Ireland. His father was employed as a carpenter when Whipple was a boy.

Football career
Whipple played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team in Indiana. In December 1915, The Notre Dame Scholastic wrote: "The stocky little end played the style of game that the rooters like. Always ready for a hard struggle, he put forth his every effort. 'Whip' is a deadly tackler and a terror to the opposition. At the end position, he has been a most valuable adjunct to Harper's great machine . . ."

After graduating from Notre Dame, Whipple worked as a cooper at the Elgin Butter Tub Co. in Elgin, Illinois. That fall, he also played professional football for the Detroit Heralds, a team that played opponents in the Ohio State League before the formation of the National Football League. After the 1917 season, the Toledo News-Bee selected Whipple and Greasy Neale as the ends for its "All-Western Team of Professional Football Players".

In September 1920, the NFL (called the American Professional Football Association during the 1920 and 1921 seasons) was founded at a meeting in the Hupmobile auto showroom of the owner of the Canton Bulldogs. In the inaugural season of the NFL, Whipple played for the Detroit Heralds.

Family and later years
After retiring from football, Whipple had a number of different occupations. In 1930, he was living in Elgin, Illinois with his wife, Genevieve, and was working as a golf pro at the Wing Park Golf Course. In 1940, Whipple was living in Elgin, Illinois, and working as an auditor's clerk for the Illinois State Auditor. In 1942, Whipple was employed by Sanderson-Porter in Joliet, Illinois.
Whipple died in December 1973 in Joliet at age 80. He was buried at the Mount Olivet Cemetery in Joliet.

References

1893 births
1973 deaths
Players of American football from Illinois
Detroit Heralds players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players


title: Montell Moore

text:
Montell Brandon Kane Moore (born 23 December 1995) is an English former professional football midfielder. He is a product of the Brentford academy and had a successful spell with Hibernians in 2017. He is presently serving a prison sentence of 11 years and 6 months, after having been found guilty of rape in 2018 at Isleworth Magistrates' Court.

Playing career

Brentford

Youth years (2003–2014)
Growing up in Chiswick, Moore joined the local Brentford Community Sports Trust at age seven and impressed enough to be offered a place at the club's Centre of Excellence. A broken leg and a year out of football failed to halt his progression through the ranks and he made his debut for the club's youth team during the 2011–12 season, making eight appearances. Moore signed scholarship forms in July 2012. Over the course of his two-year scholarship, he scored 14 goals in 36 appearances for the youth team and finished as top scorer in the 2013–14 season. On 30 June 2014, Moore signed a one-year professional contract to be a part of the Development Squad for the 2014–15 season.

Breakthrough (2014–2016)
After featuring for the first team during pre-season and scoring in a 5–1 rout of Barnet, Moore was called into the senior squad for the opening game of the 2014–15 Championship season against Charlton Athletic, but remained an unused substitute. He made his professional debut in the following match, starting in a League Cup first round tie with Dagenham & Redbridge. With the score at 4–4, Moore scored his first senior goal seven minutes into extra time and Brentford won the match on penalties after an incredible 6–6 draw. He also set up two goals for Stuart Dallas. Moore signed a new three-year contract on 15 August, but lost his place in the squad due to the arrival of Betinho on loan and the resurgence of Toumani Diagouraga. He continued to appear regularly for the Development Squad and spent the second half of the 2014–15 season out on loan.

Moore failed to feature at all for the first team during the first six months of the 2015–16 season and his contract was cancelled by mutual consent on 1 February 2016. He made one first team appearance and scored 9 goals in 31 matches for the Development Squad during 18 months as a professional at Griffin Park.

Burnham (loan)
Moore and Brentford Development Squad teammate George Pilbeam joined Southern League Premier Division strugglers Burnham on loan on 11 February 2014. In a spell affected by the weather, Moore made just one appearance for the Blues, as a late substitute in a 4–2 defeat to St Neots Town on 15 February.

Midtjylland (loan)
On 19 January 2015, Moore joined Danish Superliga leaders Midtjylland on loan until May 2015. He made 8 U19 and two reserve team appearances and helped the U19 team to the U19 Ligaen title. He returned to Griffin Park after his loan expired.

Charlton Athletic
On 15 February 2016, Moore joined Championship side Charlton Athletic until the end of the 2015–16 season after a successful trial with the club's Development Squad. He made one appearance for the club's U23 team in a Kent Senior Cup match.

Hibernians
In mid-January 2017, Moore moved to Malta to join Maltese Premier League club Hibernians. He made 11 appearances and won the first senior silverware of his career when Hibernians claimed the league title with one match to spare. He departed the club after the season.

Enfield Town
After receiving international clearance, Moore returned to England to join Isthmian League Premier Division club Enfield Town on 15 September 2017. He made his debut the following day as a late substitute for Mickey Parcell in a 0–0 FA Cup second qualifying round draw with Hanwell Town. He scored his first goal for the club in the following match, with the third goal in a 5–0 rout of Hanwell Town in the replay. Moore was released in November, after making 12 appearances and scoring two goals for the club.

Honours
Hibernians

 Maltese Premier League: 2016–17

Career statistics

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Footballers from Brentford
Black British sportsmen
Brentford F.C. players
Burnham F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Southern Football League players
FC Midtjylland players
English expatriate men's footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Maltese Premier League players
English expatriate sportspeople in Malta
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
Hibernians F.C. players
Enfield Town F.C. players
Isthmian League players
English people convicted of rape