title: 2014 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

text:
The 2014 Munster Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 123rd final of the Munster Senior Hurling Championship, one of the most prestigious provincial hurling championships. The match, contested by defending champions Limerick and Cork, took place on 13 July 2014 at the Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, and start at 4:00 p.m.
The final also marked the last major GAA match at Páirc Uí Chaoimh before a €70 million redevelopment.

The championship winners were awarded a place in the semi-finals of the 2014 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship on 17 August, while the loser went through to the quarter-finals on 27 July.

Cork won their first Munster title since 2006 after a 2-24 to 0-24 win.

Route to the final

Cork

Limerick

Build-Up
Tickets for the game were initially only available for purchase from clubs with no public sale. The capacity of Páirc Uí Chaoimh for the match was announced at 32,168. Covered stand tickets are priced at €35 with uncovered stand tickets at €30 and terrace tickets at €20.
The match was shown live on RTÉ Two as part of The Sunday Game Live, presented by Michael Lyster with match commentary from Ger Canning and Michael Duignan and studio analysis from Cyril Farrell, Ger Loughnane and Liam Sheedy.

On 10 July, following the completion of works at the grounds, the capacity for the final was increased to 36,646 with extra tickets being made available.
1,500 terrace tickets for the Blackrock and City Ends were made available for purchase via tickets.ie and selected Centra and SuperValu stores on 10 July, however technical issues concerning tickets.ie, prevented supporters from purchasing tickets both in person and online.

Cork last won the Munster championship in 2006, the longest gap since the 10-year period between their 1956 and 1966 wins.
Limerick's last title was in 2013 where they defeated Cork by 0-24 to 0-15.
This is the 23rd meeting between Cork and Limerick in a Munster Final, with Cork having won 14 and Limerick winning 6 with 2 drawn finals in 1940 and 1944. Corks last Munster final win against Limerick was in 1992 when they won by 1-22 to 3-11 at Semple Stadium. Cork will be hoping to win their 52nd Munster title with Limerick going for their 20th title.
Brian Gavin will referee his third Munster senior hurling final, he previously took charge of the 2010 replay and the 2011 final.

Team News
Limerick made one change to their team for the final with David Breen coming in to replace Seán Tobin at corner forward. Limerick will be managed by T. J. Ryan in his first year in charge, and captained by Donal O'Grady.

The Cork team is unchanged from the semi-final win against Clare.
Cork will be managed by Jimmy Barry-Murphy in his third year in charge in his second spell as manager, and captained by Pa Cronin.

Match

Summary
Limerick made the better start and were 0-8 to 0-4 ahead by the 21st minute. Cork came back to level at 0-8 apiece and then went 0-12 to 0-9 in front approaching half time. The sides were level at 0-12 to 0-12 at halftime. The sides were level at 0-18 apiece midway through the second-half when Séamus Harnedy ran in on goals to score the opening goal in the 55th minute. Paudie O’Sullivan got the second goal of the game with five minutes remaining when he caught a ball from Daniel Kearney before finishing low to the net. Cork eventually ran out winners by six points.

Details

Reaction
Séamus Harnedy of Cork who scored the opening goal in the game was named as the man of the match on The Sunday Game, which was picked by Donal Óg Cusack and Eddie Brennan. Cork manager Jimmy Barry-Murphy felt that the victory was just reward for the efforts his Cork side have put in over the last few seasons saying "I’m very proud of the players and just thrilled for them and their families, they have made a massive effort over the last couple of years. We knew ourselves we had won nothing; we lost two finals last year and that was tough, It’s a great reward for the players and the efforts they’ve made."
Limerick manager TJ Ryan felt two big turnovers in the second half went a long way to deciding the game saying "We are very disappointed, Munster finals are there for winning. We would love to have won it but it wasn’t to be," said Ryan with a shake of his head, I think Cork just edged it in the finish and got some good scores and the first goal was always going to be crucial. We had some half chances in the first half and they got the chance in the second half and took it".

References

External links

Munster
Munster Senior Hurling Championship finals
Cork county hurling team matches
Hurling in County Limerick


title: William Dunkin (judge)

text:
Sir William Dunkin (died 1807) was an Irish barrister and judge in Bengal.

Life
Dunkin was admitted to the Middle Temple in 1753, as the eldest son of John Dunkin of Bushfoot, County Antrim; Later he was described as from Clogher, County Antrim. He was High Sheriff of Antrim in 1777. Although he had inherited an estate, he encumbered it with debt, and went to Calcutta to practise as a barrister.

In October 1781 Dunkin was mentioned as on the way to India in a letter from Edmund Burke to Lord George Macartney, two of his friends. There he was a friend of William Hickey. He lived a bachelor life, sharing accommodation with Stephen Cassan, another Irish barrister. In 1788 he set off to go to England in search of a judicial appointment in Calcutta, sailing to Europe in December on the Phoenix under Captain Gray.

Dunkin returned to Bengal on the Phoenix in August 1791; he had been appointed a member of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. being knighted in March of that year. The appointment was later attributed to the influence of Henry Dundas. Dunkin had in fact obtained a reluctant support for it from Lord Thurlow. His senior colleague on the court, Robert Chambers, did not welcome it, regarding Dunkin as suspect; further Dunkin and Hickey were allies in opposition to Chambers. Hickey's accounts of Chambers in his memoirs, in relation to Dunkin on the court, have been called partisan and misleading, in particular in relation to a bazaar case where John Hyde was brought from his sickbed in 1796 as a supporting vote by Chambers against Dunkin.

Dunkin resigned from the post in 1797, being replaced by John Royds. He had a house in Portman Square, London, where Thomas Reynolds knew him as one of a set of wealthy returnees from India; and died at The Polygon, Southampton in 1807.

Works
When Sir William Jones died in 1794, Dunkin wrote a Latin epitaph, used on his tomb in Calcutta. An English paraphrase was later made by Eyles Irwin.

Family

Dunkin married Elizabeth or Eliza Blacker (1739–1822), daughter of William Blacker (1709–1783), in 1764. Their eldest daughter Letitia married Sir Francis Workman Macnaghten, having a family of 16 children, among them William Hay Macnaghten. When Dunkin clashed with William Burroughs, attorney-general in Bengal from 1792, Francis Macnaghten tried to challenge Burroughs to a duel, and then to have him disbarred. Through the marriage, the Macnaghtens acquired the Dunkin family house at Bushmills.

Of Dunkin's other children, his daughter Jane married Richard William Wake, son of Sir William Wake, 8th Baronet, and his daughter Rachel married John Bladen Taylor, the Member of Parliament for , as her second husband, the first being George Elliott of Bengal. The youngest daughter, Matilda, married Valentine Conolly, son of William Conolly.

Hickey mentions two sons. One, Edward, came to Bengal with his father in 1791, in his late teens but suffered from fits. According to Hickey, he returned to Europe and died young. He also makes Captain John Dunkin (John Henry Dunkin) of the 8th Light Dragoons a brother of Letitia.

References

1807 deaths
British barristers
18th-century Irish judges
British India judges
Lawyers from County Antrim
High Sheriffs of Antrim
Year of birth unknown


title: Michael Reddy (politician)

text:
Michael Reddy (died 30 July 1919) was an Irish nationalist politician from County Offaly.

He was a farmer from Shannonbridge, and a local councillor.

A member of the Irish Parliamentary Party, he was elected at the 1900 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birr, and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election.

References

External links

Year of birth missing
1919 deaths
Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for King's County constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Members of Offaly County Council


The Taiwan Lighting Fixture Export Association (TLFEA; ; as abbreviated as 台灣區照明公會) is administratively guided by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China established in March 1989. TLFEA currently has over 850 members specializing in the light fixture industry, with its headquarters located in Sanchong District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

History
TLFEA formed on 23 March 1989. There are now over 850 corporate members. Its intended purpose is to:

 Improve foreign trade
 Promote economic growth,
 Enhance communication and interaction
 Increase mutual interests.

Organization
General assembly as the highest organization gathering once every year, to elect the members on both Board of Director and Board of Supervisor (3 years as 1 term). There are 27 directors on the board to elect the 9 executive directors, the president of TLFEA being elected from 9 executives. Mr. Huang Ming-Chih (黃明智), is the present president,  Mr. Fung Song-Yang (馮松陽),  Mr. Kang Wen-Jie (康文杰), Mr. Tung Hsien-Yuan (董顯元), and Mr. Chen, Bing-Hung (陳炳宏) are as Vice-Presidents of TLFEA.

The Board of Supervisor 9 members to elect 3 executive supervisors, then elect again to decide the convener. Mr. Yaw Wen (姚文) is the present convener of TLFEA.

The secretary office is managed under the president, having 9 full-time employees to deal with the general affairs, with Mr. Li Hui-Yang (李輝陽) as the secretary general TLFEA.

List of President

Committee
 General Affairs Committee (Chairman: Mr. Yang Hung-Yu((楊弘裕))), North district Sodality (Chairman: Ms. Lee Shiu-Ling((李秀玲))), Central district Sodality( Chairman: Ms. Chen Shuei Jeng(((陳雪貞))), South district Sodality (Chairman: Mr. Kuo Rui-Fu((郭瑞富))).
 Lighting Technology Committee (Chairman: Mr. Dong Hsien-Yuan((董顯元)))
 Industrial League Committee (Chairman: Ms. Chien Yu-Mei((簡玉美)))
 International Affairs Committee (Chairman: Mr. Michael Hsieh((謝勝文))), Taiwan-Japan Lighting Industry Exchanging Sodality (Chairman: Mr. Chang Shang-Hsien)
 Exhibition Affairs Committee (Chairman: Mr. Hung Ming-Zhi((黃明智)))
 Information Affairs Committee (Chairman: Mr. Chiang De-Chung((江德聰)))
 Education and Training Affairs Committee (Chairman: Mr. Edward Po((柏健生)))
 Lighting Development Committee (Chairman: Mr. Chiu Wen-Liang((邱文良)))
 New Generation Lighting Committee (Chairman: Mr. Arron Cheng((鄭遠智)))
 Cross-Straits Lighting Committee( Chairman: Mr. Lin Ching-Fang((林慶芳)))

Cross-Straits and International Cooperation
 China Illuminating Engineering Society: 1994
 Global Lighting Association (GLA): 2010.
 Zhaga Consortium: 2013
 Polish Association of Lighting Industry: 2013
 Turkish Lighting Luminaire Association: 2013
 Japan Lighting Manufacturers Association: 2014

Exhibition
 Taiwan International Lighting Show
 Lighting Japan
 Lighting Fair Tokyo/ LED Next Stage Show
 Frankfurt Light and Building Show
 Guangzhou International Lighting Show
 Light India
 Taitronics Show
 Hong Kong International Lightins Show (Autumn Edition)
 Lighting Middle East
 Interlight Moscow
 Taipei International Architecture and Construction Show

References

External links

1989 establishments in Taiwan
Organizations established in 1989
Organizations based in Taipei


title: The Houston Story

text:
The Houston Story is a 1956 American crime film noir directed by William Castle and starring Gene Barry, Barbara Hale and Edward Arnold. It was produced by Sam Katzman for distribution by Columbia Pictures.

Plot
Frank Duncan (Barry), a shrewd oil driller from Galveston, Texas, conceives a plan to sneakily siphon millions of dollars' worth of oil from the oil fields and sell it as his own. He goes through nightclub singer Zoe Crane (Hale) to insinuate himself with a Houston mobster, Paul Atlas (Arnold) to get financing for his scheme.

Atlas tells right-hand man Gordon Shay privately that he plans to double-cross Duncan as soon as the money's in hand. Chris Barker, a gunman, robs Duncan and intends to murder him, but Duncan is able to push Barker off an oil rig to his death.

Duncan tries to make a getaway with the help of true-blue girlfriend Madge, but the hard-hearted Zoe steals his money and lies to Madge that Duncan has betrayed her. A pair of Atlas's thugs snatch Zoe, take her money and toss her from a moving car. Shay is killed, but before Duncan can get away, the cops close in on him and he's forced to surrender.

Cast
 Gene Barry as Frank Duncan
 Barbara Hale as Zoe Crane
 Edward Arnold as Paul Atlas
 Paul Richards as Gordon Shay
 Jeanne Cooper as Madge
 Frank Jenks as Louie Phelan
 John Zaremba as Emile Constant
 Chris Alcaide as Chris Barker
 Jack Littlefield as Willie Lucas (as Jack V. Littlefield)
 Paul Levitt as Duke
 Fred Krone as Marsh
 Pete Kellett as Kalo

Production
The film went through a major casting change while in production on location in Houston. Originally set for the lead role was acclaimed character actor Lee J. Cobb. But Cobb suffered a heart attack on May 8 after filming an exhausting fight sequence, in part due to the heat in Texas, where the scene was shot. Cobb was not able to work for the three more days of location scenes on the schedule. Director William Castle, who resembled Cobb, doubled for him in these scenes. Ten weeks later Cobb had recovered enough to return to work. However he then suffered another heart attack and had to be replaced.

Cobb's part had to be recast and according to Castle, producer Sam Katzman "insisted on a relatively new actor in pictures - Gene Barry, a fine actor, but as unlike Lee J. Cobb as anyone could be."

Castle says footage of himself and Cobb remains in the final film.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Palmentola.

See also
List of American films of 1956

References

External links

1956 films
1956 crime films
American crime films
American black-and-white films
Film noir
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by William Castle
Films set in Houston
Works about petroleum
1950s English-language films
1950s American films


title: Tihomir Stanić

text:
Tihomir Stanić (born 17 November 1960) is a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than eighty films since 1981.

Selected filmography

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Serbian male film actors
Serbian male television actors
20th-century Serbian male actors
21st-century Serbian male actors
People from Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina


title: The Pineapple, Kentish Town

text:
The Pineapple is a Grade II listed public house at 51 Leverton Street, Kentish Town, London.

It was built in about 1868.

References

External links

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
Grade II listed pubs in London
Kentish Town
Pubs in the London Borough of Camden


title: European Glass Experience

text:
European Glass Experience is a project coordinated by the City of Venice in collaboration with Consorzio Promovetro Murano and the Murano Glass Museum. It represents an international celebration of contemporary glass art and, most of all, of its makers.

The project
EGE was officially launched on September 11, 2013 during a press conference at Ca' Farsetti in Venice, and its aim is to valorise the glass art on a European level, and to promote the works of local and international young artists. European Glass Experience was established to reinforce glass production and to improve the artistic heritage of traditional glass working experience. The project has among its partners The Finnish Glass Museum, Riihimaki, Finland, and the Fundación Centro Nacional del Vidrio, La Granja de San Idelfonso, Segovia, Spain. Associated partners are the Glass Factory in Boda Glasbruk, Sweden, the Muzeum Witrazu (Stained Glass Museum) in Krakow, the International Festival of Glass in Stourbridge, England and the Glass Museum of Marinha Grande (Portugal). European Glass Experience project is co-financed by a prestigious two-year grant from the Culture Program 2007 – 2013 of the European Union. The project will last two years, and it is composed by an exhibition which will take place in three different museums, divided into two sections: 40 unreleased glass artworks and 20 sketches which will become artworks, realised by Promovetro’s Murano glass masters.

The exhibition

The exhibition began at The Finnish Glass Museum, Riihimaki, Finland, in March 2014, curated by Uta Laurén, and then continued to the Fundación Centro Nacional del Vidrio, Spain, under the directorship of Paloma Pastor. The final venue will be the Murano Glass Museum, directed by Chiara Squarcina in March 2015. Further additional venues, among the associated partners, will possibly follow. European Glass Experience team panel, made of museum directors, curators, and glass experts, selected nearly 80 sketches and artworks, coming from young artists of different cultures. Murano Glass masters associated with Promovetro are going to realize a selection of the most peculiar sketches in glass.

See also
Caneworking
Creative Europe
Europe Union
Glass
Glassblowing
Murano Beads
Murano
Murano glass
Venetian glass

External links
Partners
EGE - Official Site
City of Venice
Civic Museums Foundation of Venice
The Finnish Glass Museum
Segovia National Center of Glass Foundation
Promovetro Consortium, Association of a group of Murano Glassmakers

Associated Partners
International Festival of Glass
The Glass Factory
Muzeum Witrażu

References

Venetian glass
History of glass
Glass trademarks and brands
Glass museums and galleries


title: Rising Sun, Mill Hill

text:
The Rising Sun is a Grade II listed public house at Highwood Hill and 137 Marsh Lane, Mill Hill, London.

It was built in the late 17th century.

It is currently run by the Delneva brothers and functions as a restaurant, with an Italian/ Asian-influenced menu.

References

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Barnet
Grade II listed pubs in London
Mill Hill
Pubs in the London Borough of Barnet


title: Trifolium pannonicum

text:
Trifolium pannonicum is a species of clover known by the common name Hungarian Clover.

Description
Trifolium pannonicum is a perennial non-climbing clump-forming herb with lanceolate, dark green leaves. The upright hairy stem can reach a height of about . It bears ovoid spike inflorescences of cream or pale yellow flowers, about 2.5 cm long, blooming in late Spring and mid Summer.

Distribution
This species is native to Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and Ukraine.

References

External links

 ILDIS
 Agro Atlas
 Shoot Gardening

pannonicum


title: Kovil Sanna Puram

text:
Kovil Sanna Puram  is a village in the Thiruvidaimarudur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, in India.

Villages in Thanjavur district


The Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Calcutta, was founded in 1774 by the Regulating Act of 1773. It replaced the Mayor's Court of Calcutta and was British India's highest court from 1774 until 1862, when the High Court of Calcutta was established by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.

From 1774 to the arrival of Parliament's Bengal Judicature Act of 1781 in June 1782, the Court claimed jurisdiction over any person residing in Bengal, Bihar or Orissa. These first years were known for their conflict with the Supreme Council of Bengal over the Court's jurisdiction. The conflict came to an end with Parliament's passing of the Bengal Judicature Act of 1781 which restricted the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to either those who lived in Calcutta, or to any British subject in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, thereby removing the Court's jurisdiction over any person residing in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

The courthouse itself was a two storied building with Ionic columns and an urn-topped balustrade and stood by the side of the Writers’ Buildings. The building also served as the Town Hall of Calcutta at one time. It was demolished in 1792 and replaced by the present building in 1832.

The Court's first judges were

 Sir Elijah Impey, Chief justice from 1774 to 1783 on his recall to England for impeachment.
 Stephen Caesar Le Maistre, Puisne judge from 1774 to 1777 on his death.
 John Hyde (judge), Puisne judge from 1774 to 1796 on his death.
 Robert Chambers, Puisne judge from 1774 to 1783, Acting Chief Justice from 1783 to 1791. Chief Justice from 1791-1798, on his resignation.
 Sir William Jones, Puisne judge from 1783 to 1794 on his death.
 Sir William Dunkin, Puisne judge from August 14, 1791 to unknown.

Chief Justices

 for Chief Justices after 1862 see High Court of Calcutta

Puisne Justices

References

Bengal
High Courts of India
1774 establishments in the British Empire
1862 disestablishments in Asia
18th century in Kolkata


title: Krenkerup

text:
Krenkerup is an old manor house located 3 km (2 mi) southwest of Sakskøbing on the Danish island of Lolland. It is one of Denmark's oldest estates and manors, documented as early as the 1330s. Between 1815 and 1938, it was known as Hardenberg.

History

Gøye family
The first known owner of the estate was Axel Mogensen Gøye.

Brahe family, 15581622
Margrethe Gøye brought the estate into her marriage to Peder Brahe.

Rosenkrantz family

In 1622, Krenkerup was once again transgerred to a new noble family. This haooened when Otte Pedersen Brahe's widow Elisabeth (née Rosensparre) married to Palle Rosenkrantz. His descendents owned the estate until 1677.

Reventlow family
In 1731, the Reventlows established a family property consisting of Krenkerup, Rosenlund and Nørregård which in 1815 became the countyship of Hardenberg-Reventlow, including the subsidiary estates of Nielstrup, Sæbyholm and Christiansdal.

Hardenberg-Reventlow family
In 1774 Juliane Frederikke Christiane Reventlow brought Krenkerup into her marriage to Carl August Hardenberg. Their son Christian Heinrich August Hardenberg-Reventlow became the owner of the estate in 1793. In 1815, he renamed the estate Hardenberg. It was dissolved in 1924. After his death in 1840 the estate was passed to his daughter Ida. Her son Carl adopted the name Holck-Hardenberg-Reventlow.

Today
Covering an area of , the estate is one of the largest in Denmark. Today it is an active agricultural concern and also houses a brewery and the only professional full size polo field in Denmark.

Architecture
The three-winged building stands on a narrow, rectangular mound surrounded by a moat. The original stone house from 1490 was extended by statesman Mogens Gøye with three new wings, forming an enclosed courtyard. A tower was added on the west side. In 1631, Palle Rosenkrantz built an extra storey on the north wing and an octagonal tower on the southeast corner. The south wing was destroyed by fire in 1689 and never rebuilt. The entire complex was renovated in 1780.

List of owners
 (1367–1411) Axel Mogensen Gøye
 (?–1392) Laurids Nielsen Kabel
 (1381–1392) Mogens Gøye
 (1411–?) Karen Madsdatter (married name: Gøye)
 (1411–1417) Oluf Axelsen Gøye
 (1411–1450) Mogens Axelsen Gøye
 (1417–?) Mette Christiernsdatter, (married names: Gøye, Jensen)
 (?–?) Jens Jensen
 (1417–1427) Evert Moltke
 (1417–1427) Mathias Moltke
 (1450–1506) Eskil Gøye
 (1506–1544) Mogens Gøye
 (1544) Birgitte Gøye (married name: Trolle)
 (1544–1558) Albrecht Gøye
 (1558–1594) Margrethe Albrechtsdatter Gøye, (married name: Brahe)
 (1558–1566) Otte Gøye
 (1558–?) Margrethe Gøye, (married name: Brahe)
 (? –1610) Peder Brahe
 (1610–1613) Axel Brahe
 (1613–1622) Otte Pedersen Brahe
 (1613–1622) Elisabeth Rosensparre (married names: Brahe, Rosenkrantz)
 (1622–1642) Palle Rosenkrantz
 (1642–1649) Lisbeth Lunge (married name: Rosenkrantz)
 (1649–1660) Jørgen Rosenkrantz
 (1660–1665) Mette Rosenkrantz
 (1660–1677) Birgitte Rosenkrantz (married name: Skeel)
 (1660–1680) Johan Rantzau
 (1660–1680) Jørgen Rantzau
 (1660–1680) Palle Rantzau
 (1677–1695) Jørgen Skeel
 (1695–1700) Benedicte Margrethe Brockdorff (married names: Skeel, Reventlow)
 (1700–1738) Christian Ditlev Reventlow
 (1718–1739) Benedicte Margrethe Brockdorff (married names: Skeel, Reventlow)
 (1739–1750) Conrad Detlev Reventlow
 (1750–1759) Christian Ditlev Reventlow
 (1759–1774) Juliane Frederikke Christiane Reventlow (married name: Hardenberg)
 (1774–1788) Carl August Hardenberg
 (1788–1793) Juliane Frederikke Christiane Reventlow
 (1793–1840) Christian Heinrich August Hardenberg-Reventlow
 (1840–1867) Ida Augusta Hardenberg-Reventlow, (married names: Holck, Gersdorff, D'Almaforte)
 (1867–1885) Carl Ludvig August Rudolph Holck-Hardenberg-Reventlow
 (1885–1903) Princess Lucie of Schönaich-Carolath, (married name: Haugwitz)
 (1903–1921) Heinrich Bernhard Carl Paul Georg Curt Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow
 (1921–1970) Henrik Ludwig Erdmann Georg Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow
 (1970–2011) Rupert Gorm Reventlow-Grinling
 (2003–present) Patrick Reventlow-Grinling

References

Literature

Houses completed in 1510
Listed buildings and structures in Guldborgsund Municipality
Manor houses in Guldborgsund Municipality
1510 establishments in Denmark
Buildings and structures of the Gøye family
Buildings and structures in Denmark of the Brahe family
Buildings and structures associated with the Rosenkrantz family


title: Mayor's Court

text:
Until the founding of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in 1774, the Mayor's Courts in Madras, Calcutta and Bombay were the East India Company's highest courts in British India. It was established by Charter of 1726.

See also
Judiciary of India

References

High Courts of India
British East India Company
Legal history of India


title: Ghana Wildlife Society

text:
The Ghana Wildlife Society is a conservationist NGO seeking to support Ghana's diverse wildlife to help provide both a "better environment" and an "improved quality of life for all people." It is BirdLife International's partner in Ghana. The society was formed in the early 1970s but suffered from a hiatus in its activities. It was restarted in 1991 through a "Save the Seashore Birds Project - Ghana (SSPC-G)". This project ended in June 1994 and the Society took over the work of that project.

The Society is involved with many conservation projects including: the Important Bird Areas Project-Ghana, the Amanzuri Community Integrated Project, the Mount Afadjato Community Forest Conservation Project, the Wetlands and Waterbird Conservation Project, the Conservation Awareness Programme in schools and communities, and the Marine Turtle Conservation Programme. The projects are supported by a range of overseas donors including: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, the UNDP and the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Ghana.

Wild of Ghana
Wildlife in Ghana is diverse and abundant, with a wide variety of mammals, reptiles, insects and marine species found in a wide range of habitats across the country. Unfortunately, there is no ‘one-stop-shop’ for wildlife viewing in Ghana, and many of the best wildlife viewing locations require long drives. Whilst there are a variety of animals living in different parts of Ghana, the following maps indicate where you are most likely to find them.

Elephant

Mole national park is Ghana’s biggest, oldest and finest game viewing park, and it’s only a 2-day drive away from Accra. While elephants can be found in many remote parts of Ghana, you can only expect to see them in the national park of Mole. The elephants in the vicinity of the Mole Lodge are used to humans, so you can have a very close encounter on foot, which is very rare in Africa. Antelope, bushbuck, monkey, warthog, baboon, and other small games are also present, depending on the season. The best time to visit is between mid-December and mid-April, as the lack of water brings the animals closer to known water sources.

Monkey Sanctuaries

Boabang-Fiema is home to a large population of Mona monkeys that have been habituated, as well as Black and White colobus monkeys that have been less habituated. The Mona monkeys are highly respected by the local community, so they are not hunted or killed. They have a cemetery where the Mona monkeys are buried in a special way. If you're looking for a place to see Mona or Patas monkeys, Tafi Atome is the place to go. It's part of the traditional conservation area of the Volta region, and the monkeys are pretty well-known. They're considered gods by many people, and they're protected by tradition.

Birding in Ghana

Tafi Atome is a conservation area in the traditional territory of the Volta Region. It is home to the Mona monkey and Patas monkey. Mona monkeys are very habituated because they are considered gods and are preserved by tradition.

References

External links

Animal charities
Bird conservation organizations
Charities based in Ghana
Environmental organisations based in Ghana
Wildlife conservation organizations


title: Dyspessa pallida

text:
Dyspessa pallida is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

References

Moths described in 1912
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: 2014 Azerbaijan Supercup

text:
2014 Azerbaijan Supercup () will be the 5th edition of the Azerbaijan Supercup since its establishment in 1992. The match will be contested between the 2013–14 Azerbaijan Premier League champions Qarabağ and the 2013–14 Azerbaijan Cup champions Neftchi Baku.

Match

Details

See also
 2013–14 Azerbaijan Premier League
 2013–14 Azerbaijan Cup

References

2014
Supercup
Neftçi PFK matches
Qarabağ FK matches


title: Independent Living Fund

text:
The Independent Living Fund was set up in 1988 to fund support for disabled people with high support needs in the United Kingdom, enabling them to live in the community rather than move into residential care.

It is run  as a non-departmental public body with an office in Nottingham and about 120 staff. It provides support to 19,000 disabled people with the highest levels of need at a cost of about £320 million.  It operates as an independent discretionary trust funded by the Department for Work and Pensions and is managed by a board of trustees. Its aim is to combat social exclusion on the grounds of disability. The money is generally used to enable disabled people to live in their own homes and to pay for care, and in particular to employ personal assistants. Many of the beneficiaries would otherwise have to move to residential care homes.

In December 2010 the Government announced the closure of the Fund to new applicants, and in December 2012, following a consultation on the future of the Fund, it was announced that the Fund would be closed permanently from April 2015. The Government claimed that Local Authorities could meet the same outcomes as the ILF and proposed transfer for existing ILF recipients to their Local Authorities.

In May 2014 The Court of Appeal, in the case of Bracking and others v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions found that the Department for Work and Pensions' decision to close the Fund was not lawful, overturning the High Court decision of April 2013. It decided that the department had not complied with the Public Sector Equality Duties imposed by section 149 of the Equality Act 2010. The Court agreed that documents which the Minister, Esther McVey, had seen in the run up to her decision proved that "the Minister did not receive a sufficient understanding of the true threat to independent living for ILF users posed by the proposal to close the fund".  Lord Justice McCombe said 'there is simply not the evidence ... to demonstrate to the court that a focussed regard was had to the potentially very grave impact upon individuals in this group of disabled persons, within the context of a consideration of the statutory requirements for disabled people as a whole'.

The Government has announced that it will not appeal against this decision so the Fund will continue for the time being. Its future was the subject of a Westminster Hall debate on 18 June 2014.  The department has carried out a new equality impact assessment to justify the closure.

References

External links
 The Independent Living Fund

Disability in the United Kingdom
Social security in the United Kingdom


title: Dyspessa psychidion

text:
Dyspessa psychidion is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Greece.

References

Moths described in 1871
Dyspessa
Moths of Europe


title: Loredo

text:
Loredo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Álvaro Elías Loredo (born 1947), Mexican politician
 Carlos Loredo (1951–1998), Cuban footballer
 John Loredo (born 1967), American politician
 Linda Loredo (1907–1931), actress and dancer
 Rafael Loredo (born 1957), Mexican football coach and former player

See also
 Laredo (disambiguation)
 Loreto (disambiguation)

Spanish-language surnames


title: Dyspessa rothschildi

text:
Dyspessa rothschildi is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Algeria.

References

Moths described in 2011
Dyspessa
Moths of Africa


title: Korong Station

text:
Korong Station was a pastoral lease that operated as a sheep station in Western Australia.

It is situated approximately  west of Laverton and  east of Leonora in the Goldfields-Esperance region. The property adjoins Mount Crawford Station.

Gold was being mined at leases named Korong on the Mount Margaret goldfields in 1898.

The station was established at some time prior to 1914 and was breeding sheep at this time but not heavily stocked as a result of insufficient rain. In 1926 the property was supporting a flock of 5,000 sheep.

The homestead burnt to the ground in 1928 following a fire that started in the kitchen. The stations manager's wife, Mrs Williams, was the only one home when the fire started. The station manager, Mr Williams, was a shareholder in the pastoral company that owned Korong. The property was running about 7,000 sheep at this time, despite it being a dry year.

By 1935 the property was running a flock of 12,000 sheep and shearing produced 250 bales of wool.

Koorong, along with neighbouring Mount Crawford, was owned by Hugo Green in 1947; Green had acquired the property from the Mount Crawford Pastoral Company. In 1948 both properties had a combined flock of 12,000 sheep.

See also
List of ranches and stations
List of pastoral leases in Western Australia

References

Homesteads in Western Australia
Stations in Goldfields-Esperance


title: Dyspessa saldaitisi

text:
Dyspessa saldaitisi is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Mongolia.

References

Moths described in 2011
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: Corruption in Vietnam

text:
Corruption in Vietnam is pervasive and widespread, due to weak legal infrastructure, financial unpredictability, and conflicting and negative bureaucratic decision-making. Surveys reveal that while petty corruption has decreased slightly throughout the country, high-level corruption has significantly increased as a means of abuse of political power. Corruption is a very significant problem in Vietnam, impacting all aspects of administration, education and law enforcement.

Vietnam is an authoritarian one-party state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). The party claims that corruption has moved up the political agenda in the country, and the legal framework for tackling corruption has become "better developed". However, political academics have cited that such efforts are likely a cover for a political purge between factions of the party.

Ranking
Transparency International's 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index, which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), gave Vietnam a score of 42. When ranked by score, Vietnam ranked 77th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the worst score was 12 (ranked 180), and the average score was 43. For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Asia Pacific countries  was 87, the lowest score was 17 and the average score was 45.

Pervasiveness of corruption in Vietnam
Vietnam is a developing country of about 96 million people. Due to the international view of corruption in Vietnam, in 2020, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam stands at only US$28.5 billion, far below its ASEAN neighbours.

Anti-corruption efforts
The Vietnamese government has claimed that it has taken efforts to combat corruption, although its effects remain to be seen.

Officials implicated by the anti-corruption campaigns in Vietnam
 Đinh La Thăng: former Minister of Transport, former Communist Party Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City, and former member of the Politburo.
 Nguyễn Đức Chung: former Major General of the Vietnam People's Public Security and Vietnamese politician. He is a former Chairman of the Hanoi People's Committee.
 Nguyễn Thanh Long: Minister of Health from July 2020 to his removal from the Communist Party of Vietnam in June 2022 for involvement in the Việt Á corruption scandal.
 Trịnh Xuân Thanh: Former Vietnamese politician and businessman. He is the former head of the state-owned Petrovietnam Construction Joint Stock Corporation (a subsidiary of Petrovietnam) and the former Deputy-Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee of Hậu Giang.
 Nguyễn Xuân Phúc: Former President of Vietnam implacated in the Việt Á scandal. Resigned on January 23, 2023
 Dương Bá Thanh Dân: Director of the Department of Medical Supplies at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, in the Southeastern Province of Ninh Thuan, and his employee Nguyễn Đăng Đức.
 Đào Hữu Long: Director of Thua Thien Hue Provincial Registration Center.
 Tô Anh Dũng: Former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs due to allegedly receiving bribes up to add companies to a list of providers of repatriation flights.

See also

 PMU 18 scandal
 Việt Á scandal
 Crime in Vietnam

Notes

References

External links
 Vietnam Corruption Profile from the Business Anti-Corruption Portal

Vietnam
Politics of Vietnam
Crime in Vietnam by type
Society of Vietnam


title: Dyspessa serica

text:
Dyspessa serica is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Iran.

References

Moths described in 1938
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: Anil Das

text:
Anil Das is a Malayalam film director and screenwriter from Kerala, India.

His debut movie was Sargavasantham (1995), written by the Kakkanadan. Another movie of Anil Das was Alice - A True Story (2014). The movie with the star cast of Priyamani, Rahul Madhav, and Pratap Pothen.

Filmography
 Sargavasantham (1995)
 Bharathan Effect (2007)
 Alice : A True Story (2014)

References

External links

Male actors from Kottayam
Living people
Film directors from Kottayam district
Year of birth missing (living people)
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Malayalam-language lyricists


title: 2014–15 Debreceni VSC season

text:
The 2014–15 season was Debreceni VSC's 37th competitive season, 22nd consecutive season in the OTP Bank Liga and 112th year in existence as a football club.

First team squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

List of Hungarian football transfers summer 2014
List of Hungarian football transfers winter 2014–15

Competitions

Super Cup

Nemzeti Bajnokság I

League table

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

Hungarian Cup

League Cup

Group stage

Knockout phase

Champions League

The First and Second Qualifying Round draws took place at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland on 23 June 2014.

Europa League

Statistics

Appearances and goals
Last updated on 9 December 2014.

|-
|colspan="14"|Youth players:

|-
|colspan="14"|Out to loan:

|-
|colspan="14"|Players no longer at the club:

|}

Top scorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.

Last updated on 9 December 2014

Disciplinary record
Includes all competitive matches. Players with 1 card or more included only.

Last updated on 9 December 2014

Overall
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Games played || 35 (17 OTP Bank Liga, 6 Champions League, 4 Hungarian Cup and 8 Hungarian League Cup)
|-
|Games won || 18 (9 OTP Bank Liga, 2 Champions League, 3 Hungarian Cup and 4 Hungarian League Cup)
|-
|Games drawn || 8 (4 OTP Bank Liga, 2 Champions League, 0 Hungarian Cup and 2 Hungarian League Cup)
|-
|Games lost || 8 (4 OTP Bank Liga, 2 Champions League, 1 Hungarian Cup and 1 Hungarian League Cup)
|-
|Goals scored || 63
|-
|Goals conceded || 25
|-
|Goal difference || +38
|-
|Yellow cards || 56
|-
|Red cards || 8
|-
|rowspan="1"|Worst discipline ||  László Zsidai (4 , 2 )
|-
|rowspan="2"|Best result || 6–0 (A) v Mórahalom - Magyar Kupa - 10-09-2014
|-
| 6–0 (A) v Békéscsaba - Ligakupa - 12-11-2014
|-
|rowspan="3"|Worst result || 1–3 (A) v BATE Borisov - UEFA Champions League - 05-08-2014
|-
| 1–3 (A) v Young Boys - UEFA Europa League - 21-08-2014
|-
| 0–2 (H) v Pécs - OTP Bank Liga - 13-09-2014
|-
|rowspan="1"|Most appearances ||  László Zsidai (27 appearances)
|-
|rowspan="1"|Top scorer ||  Tibor Tisza (8 goals)
|-
|Points || 65/105 (61.91%)
|-

References

External links
 Eufo
 Official Website
 UEFA
 fixtures and results

Debreceni VSC seasons
Debrecen


title: Dyspessa sochivkoi

text:
Dyspessa sochivkoi is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Kirghizistan.

References

Moths described in 2008
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: Black Vulcanite

text:
Black Vulcanite is a rap group based in Windhoek, Namibia. The group was formed in 2013 by Mark Question, AlithatDude, and Okin. After they released their EP Remember the future in 2013, the group was featured on OkayAfrica and in the South African Rolling Stone. In 2015 the group won the award for Best Music Video at the Namibia Annual Music Awards (NAMAS).

References

Namibian musical groups
Hip hop groups
Namibian hip hop
Musical groups established in 2013
2013 establishments in Namibia
Musicians from Windhoek


title: Dyspessa syrtica

text:
Dyspessa seravoka is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Libya.

Family members include Dyspessa imfukedza, Dyspessa eagle, and Dyspessa powner

2326 specimens are thought to remain in the wild.

References

Moths described in 1932
Dyspessa
Moths of Africa


title: Dyspessa taurica

text:
Dyspessa taurica is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Turkey.

References

Moths described in 1905
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: Cries Unheard: The Donna Yaklich Story

text:
Cries Unheard: The Donna Yaklich Story (a.k.a. Victim of Rage) is a 1994 American made-for-television thriller film directed by Armand Mastroianni, and starring Jaclyn Smith and Brad Johnson. The film is based on a true story.

Plot
Through a series of flashbacks, Donna tries to tell her son, Denny, why she murdered her husband Dennis. When she returns to her hometown in Colorado from California for the summer, Donna is set up on a date with former aerobics instructor, and current police officer, Dennis Yaklich. She immediately falls in love with him, and quickly meets his teenage stepdaughter Patty. Patty is still upset over the death of her mother to an allergic reaction, especially because they were quarreling when they last saw each other. Sympathizing for the girl, Donna agrees not to return to California. To take care of Patty, she moves in with Dennis and become engaged with him shortly after.

The romance is short-lived, though. After being insulted at the gym, Dennis starts to shoot himself up with steroids, causing violent outbursts. One night, he is too restless to sleep, and orders Donna to leave the room. He then lifts some weights in the middle of the night, and violently orders Donna to leave when she asks him to come back to bed. Scared by her fiancée, she turns to her sister Susie, but she is too vulnerable when he begs her to take him back. They are married shortly after, but during the ceremony, Dennis already has another outburst against her, which causes Donna to spend her wedding night in fear. Patty later explains to her that his violent behavior is caused by the steroids, which he even uses at work to catch criminals in an unorthodox way.

When Donna finds out that she is pregnant, she explains to Dennis that she cannot live in fear and begs him to stop using the steroids. Unfortunately, he does not keep his promise, and starts to act violent again, even going as far as raping her while their newborn is crying in the other room. She packs her bags to leave with their son Denny, but Dennis kidnaps her and holds her captive. She contacts his friend, Jerry, to ask him to persuade Dennis to stop taking steroids, but Jerry tells Dennis of their conversation. Dennis threatens to kill her, or Susie, if she ever goes behind his back again, and he rapes her a second time.

Five years later, Donna focuses her energy on raising Denny, and Dennis becomes obsessed with the gym. When Patty admits that she is pregnant, Dennis blames Donna. He also forces her to tell Patty that she is disgusted by her and orders her to leave the house forever. Deciding that she has had enough, Donna flees with Denny to a nearby local shelter. Dennis, however, abuses his authority to make her leave and go home, where he threatens to kill Susie in front of her and then dismember her if she ever tries to leave with Denny again, bragging that he will get away with the murder. When Donna tells him she thinks that's how his first wife ended up dead, he mocks her and further mocks her when she cries and says she wants to die. He offers her his gun then aims it at her to do it himself, only to hear a click. He then tells her they're "just having marital problems".

Out of options and scared for her life, Donna pays Eddie Greenwell to murder Dennis. With the help from his brother Charlie, Eddie shoots Dennis dead when he parks his truck in the driveway one night. Unfortunately for Donna, her freedom and happiness is short-lived when Charlie's girlfriend eventually gives the brothers up to the police, and they in turn confess her involvement in the murder, leading to her arrest at a restaurant where she was happily having lunch with Susie, leaving Susie shocked.

In her conversation in prison with now grown-up Denny, Donna says that her trial was a media circus, and her only worry was if she would be separated from her son. While the jury acquits Donna of first-degree murder, they find Donna guilty of conspiracy to commit the murder, and she receives a prison sentence of 40 years. Her appeal is declined by the judge, because he is forced to give her a bigger sentence than what was given to the Greenwell brothers.

Denny was then raised by Susie, and chastises Donna for making his life hard because everyone knew who he was and what happened to his parents, and also that she could've avoided prison had she just killed Dennis herself. Donna does admit that she "just couldn't do it" when it came to pulling the trigger herself, but that she would do it again if she had the opportunity because she knows she would've been killed by him sooner or later. Denny, now going away to college in San Francisco, tells her that while he has resented her for not having been there when he grew up, he assures her that he never stopped loving her.

The movie ends with Donna's voiceover stating the lopsided average prison sentences for a woman killing her husband (30–40 years) compared to a man killing his wife (2–6 years), and that she was eligible for parole after 18 years served.

Cast
Jaclyn Smith as Donna Yaklich
Brad Johnson as Dennis Yaklich
Hilary Swank as Patty Anzlovar
David Lascher as Denny Yaklich - age 18
Andrew Lawrence as Denny Yaklich - age 5
Carolyn McCormick as Susie
Ramsay Midwood as Eddie Greenwell
Jason Kristofer as Charlie Greenwell
David Gianopoulos as Jerry
David Byron as Mike
Lisa Robin Kelly as Charlie Greenwell's girlfriend
Gary Hudson as Steve
Rosanna Huffman as Lenore Walker

Historical context
The film is largely based on interviews with Donna Yaklich. Real-life Dennis Yaklich was gunned down by two men in his Colorado driveway in 1985. The perpetrators were hired by Donna Yaklich. She was sentenced to 40 years in prison, but was released in 2009 after serving 18 years. The film has been criticized for fictionalizing the events and the way that the characters were portrayed. Vanessa Yaklich, one of Dennis and Barbara's children, not present in the movie, has spoken out about the film and Donna's claims to be an "outright lie".

Production
Shooting began on November, 8 and concluded on December 3, 1993. In order to prepare for her role, Jaclyn Smith had phone conversations with Donna Yaklich. Smith attributed that the role was "definitely not sophisticated and slick"; she sometimes received real beatings on camera from her co-star Brad Johnson, because "it had to be real".

Reception
The film received poor reviews. It was aired the day after a made-for-TV film with a similar story; Lies of the Heart: The Story of Laurie Kellogg (1994). A reviewer for People conducted that "Cries Unheard is only just better than Lies of the Heart."

Reviewer for Variety laid out his problems with the film: "First problem is credibility. The Smith-Johnson portrayal of the Yaklich courtship is flatly unbelievable; Smith appears much too chic and socially at opposite ends to fall for a greaseball like Johnson’s weightlifter. The vidpic’s second big problem is that, once ensconsed as his marital slave and punching bag, it’s not made clear why the wife is too afraid to run away but not too afraid to conspire to kill him. Viewer impatience with Smith’s mind-numbingly foolish homemaker is almost as great as the repulsion for Johnson’s hulking, gun-happy husband. In short, without a sympathetic, let alone empathetic wife figure, director Armand Mastroianni can’t overcome a grueling, almost counterproductive picture."

In its short review for The Gadsden Times, John Martin called the film "too sensational" and showed his dissatisfaction with contents, calling out for an effective way to help women get out of domestic violence, instead of showing "two hours of terror".

References

External links

1994 thriller films
1994 television films
1994 films
American thriller television films
Films about domestic violence
Thriller films based on actual events
CBS network films
Films directed by Armand Mastroianni
Crime films based on actual events
American drama television films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


title: Dyspessa turbinans

text:
Dyspessa turbinans is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Libya.

References

Moths described in 1926
Dyspessa
Moths of Africa


title: Dennis Allison

text:
Dennis Allison is a lecturer at Stanford University, a position he has held since 1976.

Allison was a founding member of the People's Computer Company.

Allison in 1975 wrote a specification for a microcomputer interpreter for the BASIC programming language which became known as Tiny Basic. Allison was urged to create the standard by Bob Albrecht of the Homebrew Computer Club who had seen BASIC on minicomputers and felt it would be the perfect match for new machines like the MITS Altair 8800, which had been released in January 1975.  This design did not support text strings or floating point arithmetic, thus only using integer arithmetic. The goal was for the program to fit in 2 to 3 kilobytes of memory.

Allison published his work in the People's Computer Company newsletter in 1975.  The Tiny BASIC contents of the newsletter soon became Dr. Dobb's Journal of Tiny BASIC with a subtitle of "Calisthenics & Orthodontia, Running Light Without Overbyte." By the middle of 1976, Tiny BASIC interpreters were available for the Intel 8080, the Motorola 6800 and MOS Technology 6502 processors. This was a forerunner of the free software community's collaborative development before the internet allowed easy transfer of files, and was an example of a free software project before the free software movement.

From 1989 to 2004 Allison and microprocessor architect John H. Wharton coordinated Stanford University's EE-380 Computer Systems Colloquium.

References

External links
 Personal web page

Stanford University Department of Electrical Engineering faculty
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: John Hyde (judge)

text:
John Hyde (14 January 1738 – 8 July 1796) was a Puisne Judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal from 1774 to his death. He is the primary author of Hyde's Notebooks, a series of 74 notebooks that are a trove of information for the first years of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, the highest court in Bengal from 1774 to 1862. The originals of these are kept at the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata. Partial microfilms are held at the National Library of India, Kolkata. The digitized microfilm is available online. The originals, which vary slightly from the microfilm, were digitized in 2015 but are not yet released.

Judicial Record
Hyde gained a reputation as a morally upright judge in a time of general corruption in the British East India Company. While Chief Justice Elijah Impey and puisne judge Sir Robert Chambers both accepted bribes from Governor-General of Bengal Warren Hastings in return for compromising their judicial positions, Hyde refused offers. Hyde was unique among the judges in thinking that all individuals in Bengal, Indians and British alike, deserved the same rights, noting that the Supreme Court's charter called everyone residing in Bengal British subjects: “it seems to me that in this clause his majesty expressly calls all the inhabitants of Bengal, Bahar and Orissa, his subjects, which is a fact that the servants of the Company here are not willing to allow.”

Hyde's Notebooks

Upon joining the bench, Hyde began an ambitious project to record the trials he and his fellow judges presided over. Hyde desired his notebooks to be printed and published for the public interest but this never happened. Hyde's Notebooks comprise 22,000 pages of handwritten notes in 74 bound volumes written between 1775 and 1798. Of these, 24 were written by Hyde alone, 41 were by Hyde in collaboration with his fellow judges, Sir Robert Chambers, and Sir William Jones, and 9 were by Chambers' alone after Hyde's death. They can be divided as follows:

 14 by Hyde. 1775-1783
 41 by Hyde, Chambers, and Jones. 1783-1794
 10 by Hyde. 1794-1796
 9 by Chambers. 1796-1798

Shorthand

Approximately 40 pages of the notebooks are written in shorthand, which Hyde used to conceal thoughts and record his fellow judges accepting bribes. Hyde used James Weston's shorthand system "Stenography compleated". Weston's shorthand system was first published in 1727.

Notebooks' history
After Hyde's death the notebooks passed to Chief Justice Sir Robert Chambers who continued writing them till his retirement in 1798. Chambers intended to have the notebooks published but died in 1803 before doing so. The notebooks then passed to Chambers' wife Frances Wilton Chambers, who gave them to Sir Charles Harcourt Chambers, the nephew of Robert Chambers and puisne judge at the Bombay Supreme Court. When Charles Harcourt Chambers died in 1828, the notebooks returned to Frances Wilton Chambers who gave them to Sir William Russell, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in 1832. The notebooks remained in the Supreme Court's library until the creation of the High Court of Calcutta in 1862 when they were transferred to the High Court's Bar Library.

In 1974, the notebooks were transferred from the High Court's Bar Library to the Victoria Memorial. In 1978, the notebooks, with the exception of volumes 1-3 (since they were too brittle) were microfilmed by the National Library of India. Two microfilm copies were made, one of which remains in poor condition at the National Library while the other is in the United States. In 2019, the U.S. microfilm has been digitised and is available freely online.

In 2014 and 2015, the Victoria Memorial in conjunction with Jadavpur University's School of Cultural Texts and Records digitized the notebooks, including the remains of volumes 1-3. However, these digitised images have not yet been released to the public.

Disappeared records
The notebooks (volumes 1-3) from 1775 to 1777, which contained the important Nanda Kumar trial were mostly destroyed due to unknown reasons at some point in the 18th or 19th century. The records from the first term of 1780 have disappeared, as well as a small volume with a brass clasp which contained Hyde's detailed notes on some particularly controversial trials.

At some point between the creation of the microfilm and Jadavpur University's digitization project, a portion of the paper at the bottom of one of the volumes was trimmed, resulting in the loss content near the bottom of the page.

Historical importance
The notebooks are a valuable primary source of information for life in late 18th century Bengal. They are the only known remaining source for the early proceedings of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William. As such, the Supreme Court rulings, documented in the notebooks, form the beginning of India’s current legal system. Attorneys and Judges in the 19th century used his notebooks to write books of precedent and case law. The notebooks were used as the basis for at least three casebooks.

Personal life
Hyde refused knighthood despite being offered it. He married Mary Seymour, daughter of Lord Francis Seymour, in 1773. After his death, she married the Rev. John Payne of Droxford. Hyde's youngest daughter Caroline Frances married Robert Walpole.

References

1738 births
1796 deaths
British India judges
Stenographers


title: Maya (2015 Tamil film)

text:
Maya is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language neo-noir horror film written and directed by Ashwin Saravanan. It was produced by Potential Studios, which features Nayanthara in her 50th film along with Aari Arujunan in the lead roles. Lakshmi Priya and Amzath Khan were in supporting roles. This is regarded as one of the best horror films of Tamil cinema. It was one of the highest-grossing Tamil films of 2015. A dubbed Telugu version, Mayuri, was also released. The film was remade in Kannada as Aake by K. M. Chaitanya, starring Chiranjeevi Sarja.

Plot

Vasanth (Aari Arujunan) is an artist who is working on a story about 'Mayavanam', a haunted forest. On his friend's birthday, he tells a story involving 'Maya', a malevolent spirit. He tells him about how one experiences chills and witnesses a spirit descending on them when one says "Maya! Your daughter is not with me!" three times. To mock Vasanth, the friend says the same three times, and a similar figure enters the room. He falls back in fear, but the figure reveals itself as his wife; it's just a birthday surprise. The next day, Vasanth shows the pictures taken by him during the dressed up Maya's entry to his boss, Ram Prasad (Amzath Khan) and Madan (Uday Mahesh), the episode writer on Mayavanam. Ram points out a smoky form near them and warns him of it. He tells him about a book, Asylum by Kate, that details the life of the mentally ill who were forced into asylums and experimented upon. Madhan then recounts the story of one such inmate, a woman named Maya Matthews, who was taken to the asylum after murdering her husband and forced to give up her newborn daughter to the authorities in the asylum. She falls to her death from the building, with an expensive ring rumoured to be on her body, and is buried in the grounds of the asylum (Mayavanam), where it is believed her vengeful spirit now roams. Later, Madhan and Vasanth's friend—an auto driver—visits Mayavanam to write about his last episode. Madhan disappears, and after escaping from Mayavanam somehow, Vasanth's friend meets with a grisly death soon, by falling off the building just like Maya, which spurs Vasanth to embark on an investigation into Mayavanam.

In alternating scenes, Apsara (Nayanthara) is a single mother struggling to make ends meet by working in ad films. She is separated from her husband Arjun who is an actor and lives with her friend Swathi (Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli) who works at a film production house, RK Studios. After a poster of the film, Irul, that Swathi is currently working on is put on the walls of the house, Apsara experiences strange things happening inside the house. She doesn't give much thought to it because she is always preoccupied with the loan that she has taken from a local gangster. He keeps visiting her house demanding cash and she keeps putting it off by saying that the cheque she has been entitled to, after acting in another ad film previously, keeps bouncing off. In frustration, she goes to visit the ad company where she learns that the producer has gone to take part in the contest arranged by Swathi's company. The contest is a promotional ad for Irul, in which contestants are awarded ₹5 lakh if they succeed in watching the horror film alone at night without showing signs of fright. She catches an auto and goes to the studio. The scenes are alternated with Vasanth going to Mayavanam and the ad film producer watching the film. By the time she reaches the studio, the producer is dead and is taken on a stretcher towards the ambulance. The director of Irul had witnessed the bizarre death of the ad film producer while watching the film but claimed to the police it was a heart attack.

All lost and her being emotionally tortured by the moneylender, Apsara decides to watch Irul, to make ends meet. Swathi begs her not to, fearing for Apsara's life and in hope of the director backing her up, she appeals to him too, but the director supports Apsara even though he knows what could happen later on. The film starts to play, and it is revealed that Vasanth's side of the story is the film Irul. As Apsara continues to watch, she is inexplicably teleported into the film. Ram and Kate, the author, is shown to make a man dig into the grounds of Mayavanam, searching for the expensive ring that Maya was said that died with. Vasanth gets caught by Kate and is held at gunpoint while they search for the ring. Apsara gets caught too, and when they eventually find Maya's coffin, a figure is seen to appear behind Kate and Ram, and all hell breaks loose. Soon Apsara and Vasanth get separated from the group and are chased by the ghost. They fall into a big ditch and Vasanth helps her out, while he stays in. She runs away and hears a baby's cry. She goes in search of it when she gets shot by Shankar. After falling, she is held by Maya who cries out in bitter rage and kills Shankar. It is then revealed that Maya is Apsara's mother. She wakes up in the theatre, with her mother's diary on her lap, and the doll, which Maya had brought for her baby. It is later revealed that the person who played Vasanth in the film is Arjun himself. The producer of the ad film who died earlier, was the one who sent Maya to the asylum and took her ring.

The final scene shows Apsara reunited with her husband and now acting in a film about Maya directed by the same director as Irul. As the shooting starts, the first scene being Maya sitting in a wheelchair, Arjun finds Apsara standing in a corner while everyone was assuming that she was the one sitting in the wheelchair. The film ends with the spirit of Maya killing the director and Maya's ring falling out of his pocket.
After that Maya turns back and the screen cuts black.

Cast
 Nayanthara as Apsara Arjun / Maya Mathews
 Aari Arujunan as Arjun / Vasanth
 Amzath Khan as Ram
 Lakshmi Priya as Swathi
 Robo Shankar as Shankar
Mime Gopi as R.K.(Radhakrishnan)
 Sharath as Kamal
Kulapully Leela
 Uday Mahesh as Madhan
 Reshmi Menon as Anjali
 G. M. Kumar as Arunachalam

Production
Despite a modest budget, the producers insisted that a leading heroine should play the protagonist, and signed Nayanthara in the role. Aari Arujunan was selected to play the male lead, after the makers were impressed with his performance in the Tamil Movie, Nedunchaalai (2014). The filming began in June 2014 and schedules were canned continuously in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The film finished shooting in October 2014, and the makers announced that the release would be in late 2015.

Soundtrack

Mayas soundtrack was composed by Ron Ethan Yohann, who earlier makes his music composing debut in Sooriya Nagaram under his original name, Fen Viallee. The soundtrack album was launched at RadioCity on 13 July 2015.

Release
The film was released worldwide on 17 September 2015, simultaneously as Maya in Tamil and Mayuri in Telugu. The satellite rights were sold to Sun TV. Maya was scheduled to premiere on the day of Christmas 2016 on Sun TV.

Critical reception
Maya received positive reviews from critics. The Times of India gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote: "Maya is wholly original and cerebral as well. Even after the film has ended, we keep thinking about it, replaying the scenes in our mind and thinking about the inventiveness in how the plot lines are brought together. And that is its real success". Sify wrote: "Maya is a stupendous film and the entire team has done a remarkable job on par with international standards", going on to call it "undoubtedly one of the best horror movies of Tamil cinema". Daily News and Analysis gave 3.5 out of 5 and wrote: "Maya is more atmospheric and it’s the performances by the lead actors that really lend to the film more than the actual ghost. In Maya, you find a de-glam Nayanthara who has essayed her role brilliantly".

Filmibeat gave 4 out of 5 and wrote: "Maya cannot be categorised with some of the other Tamil horror flicks that released in the recent past. This film's sole intention is to scare you and the debutant director Ashwin Saravanan has managed to do that pretty convincingly". Behindwoods gave 2.75 out of 5 and wrote: "Debutant Ashwin Saravanan offers a multi-layered ghostly tale with style and clarity...Good production and sound design along with cuts handled well by TS Suresh, make Maya stands as a gutsy watch". The New Indian Express wrote: "Slickly crafted and engagingly narrated, debutant Ashwin Saravanan's Maya is built around some eerie happenings around a mental asylum...A pure horror flick, the film is devoid of any comedy elements. The director has managed to maintain suspense from the beginning to the end".

Awards
 Best Lead Role Female Award at IIFA Utsavam Awards 2015
 Best Actress Award by IBNLive Movie Awards 2015
 K. Balachander Award for Best Female Actor at Chennai International Film Festival 2016

References

External links

2015 films
2010s Tamil-language films
Indian horror films
Tamil films remade in other languages
Films set in a movie theatre
Films set in forests
2015 directorial debut films
2015 horror films


title: Hubballi Junction railway station

text:
Hubballi Junction, officially Shree Siddharoodha Swamiji Hubballi Junction, or simply Hubli Junction (Station code: UBL), is a railway junction station under Hubballi railway division of South Western Railway zone (SWR) of Indian Railways situated in Hubli, Karnataka, India. The platform number 1 of Hubli Junction has a length of 1,507 metres, making it the longest railway platform in the world .

SSS Hubballi Junction Railway Station has three entrances to get into station. One is the main entrance, the other in front of Central Railway Hospital of Gadag road, and the third one few metres ahead of main entrance i.e near yard. The station has an interesting platform bifurcation. It has total 8 platforms, five of them are alike other stations i.e one beside the other, and the other three in the next entry. The longest platform is divided into two parts, it has platform no 1 and 8 on same platform.

Description

Hubli Junction is center place for transportation of public and commercial in Karnataka by connecting northwest to Mumbai (), west to Goa (), South to Bengaluru () and east to Hyderabad () with heavy mass transportation.

It is the busiest railway station in Karnataka after Bengaluru City. The Hubli division situated in Hubli city connects Bengaluru, Mysuru, Mangaluru, Hyderabad, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Goa and more.

Commercial goods such as manganese are the main source of income, with public transport being secondary. Currently, Hubli Junction is undergoing remodeling work on platform number 1.

The Hubballi Junction (under Hubballi Division) has Goods Shed, Diesel Loco Shed, Carriage Repair Workshop, Train Yard, and many more of Railways. The station was opened in the late 19th century i.e 1886-87 by the British Company; currently is one of the oldest railway stations in the state. It was an important station for both passengers as well as goods from the old era itself. It has major importance in the South Western Railway jurisdiction. It has connection to almost every part of India, Bengaluru, Chennai, Trivandrum, Mumbai, Pune, Ahmedabad, Udaipur, New Delhi, Varanasi, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam, Madgaon-Vasco-Goa and many more. The station is the second busiest in the zone after Bengaluru.

Lines
The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway opened the  Hubli–Harihar rail line on 18 October 1886. And Hubli–Londa, Hospet–Hubli and Chikjajur–Hubli (part of  Bangalore–Hubli) rail lines were converted during 1995.

Diesel Loco Shed
Diesel Loco Shed, Hubli which is under South Western Railways (SWR), currently homes EMD locomotives of Class WDP-4, WDP-4D, WDG-4, WDG-4D and class WAG-9HC electric locomotives.

References

External links
All about Hubli Railway Station
Hubli Railway Station Contact Numbers

Railway junction stations in Karnataka
Hubli railway division
Railway stations in Dharwad district
Railway stations in India opened in 1886
Transport in Hubli-Dharwad
Buildings and structures in Hubli-Dharwad
1886 establishments in India


title: Dyspessa walteri

text:
Dyspessa walteri is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Algeria.

References

Moths described in 2011
Dyspessa
Moths of Africa


title: Dyspessa wiltshirei

text:
Dyspessa wiltshirei is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in Iraq and Lebanon.

References

Moths described in 1938
Dyspessa
Moths of Asia


title: Corruption in Sudan

text:
Corruption in Sudan is substantial, as it is considered one of the most corrupt nations in the world. On the 2010 World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, on one hundred point scale, it scored in the single digits in every category, including 0.9 for political stability, 6.2 for rule of law, 7.2 for regulatory quality, 6.7 for government effectiveness, and 4.3 for control of corruption. In 2011 Freedom House named Sudan as one of the worst nations for human rights.

Sudan presents one of the most challenging business environments in the world. Sectors where foreign investments are concentrated, such as construction and transportation, are recognized worldwide as being very prone to corruption. Corruption exists in every sector of the economy and in every level of the Sudanese government. It takes the form of "financial and political corruption, nepotism, and misuse of power". According to the Sudan Democracy First Group, petty corruption is pervasive for citizens seeking government services.

One source notes the ubiquity in Sudan of "petty and grand corruption, embezzlement of public funds, and a system of political patronage well entrenched within the fabrics of society", and that the effects of corruption are often obfuscated by constant instability. While patronage negatively affects businesses, police and military corruption infringe on civil rights.

In recent years, Sudan has enjoyed rapid economic growth, mainly owing to its natural resources, including several high-demand natural resources, increasing the opportunities for corruption.

Background
Colonel Omar al-Bashir took power during an Islamic a 1989 coup after which he executed 30 military officers who initiated a failed coup attempt in 1990. He acceded to the presidency in 1993. He then took further measures to silence his opposition including numerous executions.

The Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005, and after a long ceasefire, in 2011 South Sudan gained independence. Nonetheless, corruption remained rampant, all while a new conflict arose in Darfur, between government-supported Janjaweed forces and rebel groups seeking control of state natural resources. By 2009 the conflict was deemed a genocide and the International Criminal Court called for al-Bashir's arrest.

Corruption in the public sector
Corruption is common among Sudanese government officials, who routinely act with total impunity, knowing that they will almost certainly not be investigated for any transgression. Sources have stated that the opportunities for corruption are created by an inefficient administration and bureaucracy, along with poor record-keeping and a lack of transparency. Bribes are commonly demanded by government employees.

On Transparency International's 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index, Sudan scored 22 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Sudan ranked 162nd among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.  For comparison, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the worst score was 12 (ranked 180), and the average score was 43.

Bribery
Bribery is a commonplace demand made by public officials for services that citizenry are entitled to by law. Of respondents to a 2011 Transparency International survey who had dealt with various Sudanese government entities, almost a quarter were forced to pay bribes. Bribery demands were particularly high among the police, the customs bureau, tax authorities, and land services.

Police
Sudanese police officers are alleged to commit several human-rights abuses, including making arbitrary and unwarranted arrests. Law enforcement officials are said to receive bribes on a regular basis from citizenry. In addition, investigations lack any due process and retaliations against police critics are common.

The Sudanese police force is said to surpass all other government agencies in the public's perception of corrupt agencies. In addition, law-enforcement officers are subject to interference by government officials, and hiring for the police force can often be explained by political connections rather than by professional qualifications.

Judiciary
The Sudanese judiciary is not an independent branch of government and is therefore subject to influence by other branches of government. Efficiency in the courts is also hampered by inadequate resources, poor infrastructure, poor training, inadequate salaries, and long delays before trial. Freedom House reported that courts are often subject to political manipulation and fail to meet international legal standards.

Customs officials
Customs regulations are not uniformly enforced. Companies and officials with political connections are often exempted from customs duties, who earn income through importing goods without paying tariffs.

Job appointments
In August 2015, the head of the Darfur Regional Authority (DRA) and former head of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), were publicly accused of corruption. Abu Garda said Sese had complete authority over appointing government positions at every level. In other words, Sese had stripped all authority from the DRA, as a result of which the Council of Ministers had a total of four meetings in four years. Abu Garda said that the people of Darfur should impeach Sese as president of the DRA for failure to implement a recovery and enabling corruption in the Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program.

Procurement
Sudanese legislation is supposed to address conflicts of interest on the part of public procurement officials and is also supposed to provide for the monitoring of these officials' finances, but in practice these laws are not enforced. Companies with Islamist connections are unfairly awarded public contracts without following the proper procedures for bidding. They subsequently subcontract to party loyalists, eliminating any competition, leading to a high frequency of small businesses failing.

Ministry of Finance and budgeting
In January 2014, the Sudanese Ministry of Finance was accused by El Tahir Abdel Gayoum, an auditing body, of omitting £s.16 billion in liabilities from its ledger. The auditors noted other irregularities, including the retention by ministries of $12.1 million in funds intended for the finance ministry, the spending of extra-budgetary funds by some government units, the retention of consultants whose contracts had not been renewed, the retention on the payroll of former government employees, and the awarding of bids by influential government figures to associates at above-market prices and without written contracts.

In March 2014, economic minister Adel Abdel Aziz, held the Ministry of Finance responsible for Sudan's poor showing on international corruption indexes. He accused the Ministry of Finance of mismanaging the budget and of administrative negligence and said that the Ministry uses political power to force tenders, bribery, royalties, and allocation of lands to their benefit.

The Sudanese budget is alleged to be completely opaque and therefore easily allow embezzlement. Sudan was ranked lowest score in all East Africa on the 2010 Open Budget Index. According to the United States sources, over US$2 billion of public funding was embezzled in 2008. The entire military budget is undisclosed, allowing for no insight into spending.

Tax collection in Sudan is characterized as lacking rule of law where the politically connected are given breaks, but all others suffer unjustly high taxes. There is no uniform tax code across the country, leading many to misreport incomes and apply creative methods to cheat taxes. In addition, the one agency involved in fixing the tax code lacks necessary resources and independence to sufficiently improve the tax environment.

Treatment of media
Media outlets in Sudan are subjected to political manipulations and lack journalistic independence. As a result, government agencies regularly censor newspapers and mandate outlets to release pro-government stories.

Under the 2009 Press and Publication Act, journalists and others who are critical of the government can face harassment and arrest, as well as violence in some cases. Several private newspapers have faced arrests, seizures, and raids. Visas are denied to some foreign reporters as well.

According to the Radio Dabanga website, the Sudanese Security Service monitors all Sudanese newspapers daily, demanding editors delete and censor news about corruption, security, or the war crimes committed by the government against its own citizens in Darfur, South Kordofan, and along the Blue Nile. Also, several journalists have noted that the ruling National Congress Party does not allow any media to be published not in their interests.

On 22 January 2014, members of Sudanese police in Khartoum confiscated all of that day's El Jareeda newspapers at the printer. The government did not explain the action, although the headline story in that day's newspaper was about corruption at the Sudanese Cottons Company. El Jareedas story reported that the Auditor General's office had accused Badr El Din Mahmoud, Minister of Finance and former deputy director of the Bank of Sudan, of several crimes including forgery and misuse of legal tender, while he was chairman of the Committee on Purchases of the New Ginneries.

In July 2015, the Sudanese government ordered the director of the National Television and Radio Corporation to stop airing “Beit El Jalous,” a new radio show hosted by screenwriter and psychologist Ali Baldo, who on the program addressed rising corruption and nepotism in Sudan. Baldo accused prominent leaders and major figures in the media of pressuring officials to stop the series.

Treatment of NGOs
Conditions for NGOs in Sudan, according to Freedom House, have worsened significantly due to antagonism towards government critics. In 2009, when an arrest warrant was issued for Omar al-Bashir, Sudan responded by expelling several international humanitarian aid organizations, revoking permits for thirteen foreign NGOs and permanently shutting down three domestic NGOs.

Elections
Elections in Sudan are riddled with corruption. Bashir was re-elected by a large majority in the 2010 elections, the country's first open election in over two decades, but international observers expressed deep concern about extensive fraud and intimidation. According to the observers, the election was not fair by international standards; the US State Department deemed them unfree and unfair.

Fairness in the 2010 election was rendered impossible by the strict limits on freedom of the press, of assembly, and of expression, by a lack of media coverage, and by the buying of votes. While some opposition parties boycotted the 2010 elections, other opposition parties that took part in them refused to recognize the results, charging voting fraud. Prior to the elections, several candidates have been known to withdraw their candidacies in exchange for explicit and implicit bribes. This practice has made it common for some to run without the intent of taking office, but rather be offered a bargain to withdraw from the election.

Writing in the ‘’New York Daily News’’ about the April 2010 elections, Dan Morrison stated that in addition to such “structural issues” as “the manipulated census, the gerrymandering, the packing of the National Election Commission with ruling party retainers, or the use of patronage to secure blocks of votes and suppress competition,” there were reports of school children who were allowed to cast votes; soldiers who voted “both at their duty station and also, magically, at their home villages hundreds of miles away”; election officials who used “solvents to dilute the indelible ink that is meant to stain the fingers and prevent repeat voting”; and “stuffed or stolen” ballot boxes.

Sale of public lands
In 2014 public lands were sold in great quantity in southern Darfur. In November of that year an investigation was launched to determine if these lands were sold to ineligible owners with government connections, without the proper consent. In turn, the investigative committee was accused of neglecting legal recourse against those responsible for the illegal sales.

DDR misappropriations
In late 2014, the nation's Minister of Health, accused Dr. Tijani Sese, leader of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), of using his own personal guard rather than LJM operatives to aid in the DDR program, allowing for over $2 billion of public funding to be misappropriated by private soldiers and embezzled into undisclosed accounts.

Corruption in business
Sudan's business sector is rife with corruption, due to no mechanisms existing to promote transparency. Several international business organizations have warned investors that Sudan's business environment is considered high-risk.

Doing business in Sudan requires unordinary excessive amounts of documentation, fees, and procedures which all increase the likelihood of public officials soliciting bribes to ease the process or ignore certain rules. Sudan was ranked 135th (of 183 countries) on the 2012 Ease of doing business index. The Financial Standards Foundation characterized Sudan in 2010 as a difficult nation to conduct business.

The oil sector
After South Sudan seceded, taking with it most of Sudan's oil wealth, the Sudanese government imposed greater rule and regulation of the remaining industry.  Omar al-Bashir is alleged to funnel the nation's oil revenues into his own private accounts. A WikiLeaks report alleged that al-Bashir embezzled nearly US$9 billion in Sudanese oil revenues.

Sports
According to a September 2015 report, a lack of oversight governing the sale of tickets to soccer matches has led to the emergence of a criminal network that profits illegally by manipulating the sale of ticket sales. The people involved in this corruption are the stadium ticket-sellers, stadium employees, and the relevant regulatory authorities.

The stadium employees only tear a handful of the tickets they are handed by fans. They then resell the bulk of them to the ticket seller, who in turn sell them back to the public, greatly overfilling the stadiums.

The scheme is said to be run by a mafia. Also, some fans can get into games by bribing stadium employees with an amount less than the ticket price, while the stadium can report the full seat price as an expense. This scheme results in substantial financial losses for football clubs and the cities in which they are based and causes widespread consternation. But the Sudanese Football Association, which employs these people, has failed to address it seriously.

Transport
Corruption is endemic in the sale of bus tickets. After approximately half the tickets for any given bus trip have been sold at the ticket office for the official price, the sale is cut off and the bus conductors then start selling the remaining tickets on the black market for almost double the official price. When would-be ticket buyers complain, they are informed that the tickets have been reserved for soldiers, or that the tickets have been reserved in advance by other passengers.

Moreover, after all the tickets have been sold, either legally or illegally, the conductor and driver load yet more passengers onto the bus, usually under supervision of traffic enforcement who purposefully do not report newly added passengers. These police are therefore participants in this corrupt system.

In addition, they record a false departure time for the bus, so that the driver can drive faster and make extra trips. Also involved in this scheme are police officers at highway checkpoints, who play along with these deceptions. This kind of corruption not only cheats customers but endangers them and others, and in case of a bus accident would invalidate any insurance claims.

Nepotism
Nepotism and favoritism is a rampant problem. It is common practice for businessmen to pay kickbacks to family members in government positions in exchange for contracts.

Top leaders of the ruling party control at least 164 companies. Among the richest men in Sudan, for example, is one of President Bashir's brothers, who controls the cement industry and is the chief supplier of the Merowe Dam construction firm. Two other brothers of Bashir are reportedly majority shareholders of a firm that owns shares of over twenty of the largest subsidiaries.

Corruption in mine disposal program
Dismissed employees of the Sudanese Association for Combating Mines (Jasmar), accused its director in November 2014 of stealing large numbers of technical devices borrowed from the UN, of creating shell companies in Ed Daein, East Darfur, and Zalingei, Central Darfur, of forging invoices, and of making off with “vehicles, office furniture, and other equipment” worth about half a million Sudanese pounds. The director had also allegedly dealt out over 20 Toyota Land Cruisers to individuals who were in no way associated with the mine disposal program, charged one dismissed official, who also said that three major power generators had also gone missing.

Anti-corruption efforts
Until recently, Sudan had no federal anti-corruption agency. Corruption charges were almost never investigated, although the Auditor General urged the prosecution of certain officials for embezzling public funds. At an emergency cabinet meeting in March 2014, President Bashir ordered his Council of Ministers to combat corruption and introduced an anti-corruption reform plan which would be implemented by a new committee and five new sub-committees. Despite the government's claims to want to fight corruption, its anti-corruption agency has so far failed to bring corrupt public officials to justice.

The relevant public disclosing body is supposed to serve as an ombudsman, but is underfunded and lacks independence. The office of the Auditor General is nominally independent under Sudanese law, but in practice is subject to political influence. The office also has insufficient resources and the government rarely takes any serious steps to combat corruption. The office has itself, moreover, been the target of corruption allegations. In a 2007 case, three high-ranking officials in the office were suspended in an embezzlement case.

According to one source, Sudan has poor anti-corruption measures in place due to weak administrative protocols, "wavering" political will to combat corruption, and a blurred distinction between the government and the ruling political party. Sudan has endorsed anti-corruption protocols from the United Nations. Still, however, public officials are not required to disclose their finances and there is no provision for transparency.

Sudanese criminal law is supposed to protect officials who report corruption. In practice, however, whistleblowers often experience retaliation.

See also
 International Anti-Corruption Academy
 Group of States Against Corruption
 International Anti-Corruption Day
 ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
 United Nations Convention against Corruption
 OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
 Transparency International

References

Sudan
Law of Sudan
Society of Sudan
Crime in Sudan by type
Sudan
Economy of Sudan
Politics of Sudan
Government of Sudan
Social issues in Sudan


title: Mitsuoka Ray

text:
The Mitsuoka Ray is a compact car produced by Mitsuoka. The first generation was a heavily modified 3rd generation Mazda Carol. It has a 52-58 hp 660 cc gasoline engine. It has a 30-40L fuel tank. The car started out with 3 doors; however, in 1999 Mitsuoka changed it into a 5-door car based on the 4th generation Mazda Carol and then 1st generation Mira Gino in 2002. The price ranges from 911,000 yen to 1,359,750 yen. Mitsuoka described the Ray as "like a dignified and graceful flower."

Trims

There are two trim levels for the first generation, Basic and Deluxe. Later, only available in single "Base Grade" trim for the last two generations.

Reception

The Mitsuoka Ray received mixed reviews, earning a place on the Ugliest Cars in Britain list due to problems with quality and design.  However, it was chosen the most attractive car in Australia.

Gallery

References

Ray
Compact cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles

Retro-style automobiles
Cars introduced in 1996
2000s cars
Cars discontinued in 2004