title: Steger–Nance House

text:
The Steger–Nance House (also known as the Dr. Howard Place) is a historic residence in Maysville, Alabama.  It was built in 1854 by physician Francis Epps Harris Steger.  Later owners included another physician, Issac William Howard, and local cotton gin owner and farmer Harry F. Nance.  The house is built in a Federal style of brick laid in common bond.  The house originally had a central hall flanked by a drawing room and parlor, with a dining room behind the parlor in an ell.  A kitchen, bathroom, center hall, sitting room, and patio were added to the rear of the house in 1950.  The house has three chimneys in each of the gable ends.  Windows on the façade are nine-over-nine sashes flanked by narrow three-over-three sashes.  A shed roofed porch stretches across the front, supported by six pairs of square columns on brick pillars.  A narrow balcony, accessed from the upstairs hall, is centered above the front door.  The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1981 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Alabama
Federal architecture in Alabama
Houses completed in 1854
Houses in Madison County, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama


title: Stephen Simmons (boxer)

text:
Stephen Simmons (born 6 August 1984) is a Scottish former professional boxer who competed from 2011 to 2018. He held multiple regional championships at cruiserweight, including the WBC International Silver title from 2013 to 2015 and the IBF European title in 2017. He also challenged for the British cruiserweight title in 2018.

Amateur career
Stephen Simmons started boxing aged 12 and fought his entire Amateur Career out of renowned Scottish Amateur Boxing Club Leith Victoria AAC, being coached by his Uncle Kenny who boxed for Scotland at Middleweight. He won numerous trophies throughout Europe since 2004, having around 115 Amateur contests winning approximately 80 of them. Simmons competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, winning the bronze medal in the 91 kg Heavyweight Division.

Professional career
He is currently trained by Billy Nelson. Simmons is managed by MTK Global (Mathew Macklin).

According to Boxrec, in October 2016, Simmons was ranked 5th in the UK and 46th in the World at Cruiserweight level.

On 27 June 2014, Simmons battled against Noel Gevor in Hamburg, Germany. Simmons was aggressive throughout the fight, while Gevor boxed well, but neither fighter looked like they did enough to win the rounds by a clear margin. In the end, it was a very close fight, and the judges scored it 116-112 twice for Gevor, and 116–113, awarding Gevor the split-decision win.

On 17 March 2018, Simmons fought Matty Askin for the vacant British cruiserweight belt. Simmons was outmatched by Askin, losing the fight in the second round via TKO.

In April 2018, Simmons announced that he is retiring from the sport of boxing.

Personal life
Simmons married his fiancée Nicole on 1 June 2014. They live in Edinburgh and they have 3 children.

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|18 Wins (7 knockouts, 11 decisions), 3 Losses, 0 Draws
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res.
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Rd., Time
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|- align=center
|Loss
|15–2
|align=left| Noel Gevor
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|15–1
|align=left| Lars Buchholz
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|14–1
|align=left| Remigijus Žiaušys
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|13–1
|align=left| Imantas Davidaitis
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|12–1
|align=left| Jiří Svačina
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|11–1
|align=left| Jon-Lewis Dickinson
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|11–0
|align=left| Courtney Richards
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|10–0
|align=left| Wadi Camacho
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|9–0
|align=left| David Graf
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|8–0
|align=left| Michael Sweeney
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|- align=center
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|7–0
|align=left| Jovan Kaludjerovic
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|- align=center
|Win
|6–0
|align=left| Tayar Mehmed
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|- align=center
|Win
|5–0
|align=left| Jevgēņijs Andrejevs
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|- align=center
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|4–0
|align=left| Hastings Rasani
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|3–0
|align=left| John Anthony
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|2–0
|align=left| Hari Miles
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|1–0
|align=left| Nick Okoth
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|align=left|
|align=left|

References

External links

Stephen Simmons - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

Scottish male boxers
1984 births
Cruiserweight boxers
Living people
Boxers from Edinburgh
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Scotland
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games


title: Agora Grand Event Center

text:
The Agora Grand Event Center is a large event venue in Lewiston, Maine. It is also the second-tallest building in the state.

The Agora Grand was created by renovating the former St. Patrick's Church, a Roman Catholic church whose cornerstone was laid on July 24, 1887, by the Right Reverend Bishop Healy and last Mass was held in October 2009.  At 220 feet to its taller spire, it is the second-tallest building in Maine, based on the definition of "height to architectural top" by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

It was purchased in March 2014, by developer Andrew Knight, who opened the Agora Grand in May 2016. Knight received an award from the Lewiston Historic Preservation Board for his work in reviving the building; his wedding was the first held at the renovated building.

In 2014, Knight converted the former St. Patrick's Church Rectory, also known as the Albert Kelsey Mansion, into a boutique hotel. The former church contains a mortuary chapel and basement crypt in which the church's original builder and priest, Monsignor Thomas Wallace, was buried from 1906 to 2007, when his body was exhumed and moved to Mt. Hope Cemetery. In 2015, Knight converted the former crypt into a novelty annex of the Inn at the Agora, purportedly the world's first "crypt hotel room."

1896 description

An 1896 account in The Sacred Heart Review describes the structure:
St. Patrick's Church, a beautiful Gothic structure of brick, with rockfaced granite foundations, has an unsurpassed situation, as it faces directly on the public park and stands commandingly over the lower levels of the city, surmounted as it is by two graceful spires that rise to heights of 220 and 160 feet respectively. It is 180 feet long and 65 feet wide, and has a comfortable seating capacity of 1,000. It is a seven-bay edifice, its brick buttresses being doubly barged in cut granite ; and the side walls are further trimmed in white North Jay granite at the springs and tips of the window-arches.

See also

 List of tallest buildings by U.S. state and territory
 List of tallest buildings in Maine

References

Residential buildings completed in 1890
Skyscrapers in Maine
Former Roman Catholic church buildings in Maine
1890 establishments in Maine
Roman Catholic churches in Lewiston, Maine


title: Gargi Roychowdhury

text:
Gargee Roychowdhury is an Indian actress. She works in Bengali movies in Tollywood and serials in television. Gargi Roychowdhury is one of the popular actresses of the Bengali screen. She began her career as a theatre artist, performing in Uttaran and later Bohurupee. She has also been a newscaster and radio artist. She is an alumnus of Patha Bhavan, Kolkata.

Career
Gargee Roychowdhury rose to fame for the Bengali long running soap opera Sisirer Sabdo Sona Jai, in which she played a lawyer

Filmography

Recent works
Gargee Roychowdhury was in the news for her performance in the movie Ramdhanu - The Rainbow. It also starred Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Rachna Banerjee, Kharaj Mukherjee. She also played the role of Reena Sen in the film Naxal. In 2017 she starred in Anik Dutta's movie Meghnad Badh Rahasya. She also made popularity by acting in Shiboprosad Mukherjee's film Haami (2018).

Advertisement
Roychowdhury has been featured in the Bengali version of the latest Horlicks advertisement.

External links

References

Bengali actresses
Living people
Actresses from Kolkata
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Indian television actresses
Indian film actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Gwynia capsula

text:
Gwynia capsula is a very small to minute brachiopod (maximally   long), currently known from the east Atlantic (France, Belgium, British Isles), but which occurred during the Pleistocene in what is now Norway. It has a translucent, whitish, purse-shaped shell with relatively large, wide-spaced pits (or punctae). It lives attached to stones or shells (fragments) in between large grains of sand. Like in all brachiopods, it filters food particles, chiefly diatoms and dinoflagellates. Gwynia capsula harbors a small number of larvae inside a brood pouch, but it has separate sexes, unlike also very small and pouch brooding brachiopods Argyrotheca and Joania, which are hermaphrodites.

References

Terebratulida
Brachiopods
Extant Pleistocene first appearances


title: RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)

text:
The RENAMO insurgency was a guerrilla campaign by militants of the RENAMO party and one of its splinter factions in Mozambique. The insurgency was widely considered to be an aftershock of the Mozambican Civil War; it resulted in renewed tensions between RENAMO and Mozambique's ruling FRELIMO coalition over charges of state corruption and the disputed results of the 2014 general elections.

A ceasefire was announced between the government and the rebels in September 2014. However, renewed tensions sparked violence in mid-2015.

On 1 August 2019, President Filipe Nyusi and RENAMO leader Ossufo Momade signed a peace agreement at RENAMO's remote military base in the Gorongosa mountains in order to bring an end to hostilities. Most remaining RENAMO fighters afterward surrendered their weapons. Another peace agreement was then signed by Nyusi and Momade in Maputo's Peace Square on 6 August 2019. However, a splinter faction known as the "RENAMO Military Junta" (RMJ) continued its insurgency. By February 2021, most of the RMJ had surrendered, although a few holdouts remained in the bush without launching further attacks. RMJ ceased to exist in December 2021, when its last members surrendered.

Background

The Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) was formed in 1976 following Mozambican independence from Portugal and incorporated a number of diverse recruits brought together by their opposition to the country's new Marxist FRELIMO government, including disgruntled former colonial troops and deserters from the post-independence army and security forces. They were welded into a cohesive fighting unit by the Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation and Special Air Service, and RENAMO's numbers had swelled to about 2,000 by late 1979. Militants acted as scouts for Rhodesian military units carrying raids into Mozambique, launched attacks on major settlements, and sabotaged infrastructure from October 1979 onwards. RENAMO's political wing also operated a radio station, the Voice of Free Africa, broadcasting anti-communist propaganda from Rhodesia. The fighting escalated sharply between 1982 and 1984, during which RENAMO attacked and destroyed lines of communication, the road and rail network, and vital economic infrastructure. It merged during this period with the Revolutionary Party of Mozambique (PRM), another anti-FRELIMO militant group, and received training and support from South Africa's apartheid government. What began as a decidedly low-intensity conflict escalated into an effective insurgency, then a major civil war that killed up to a million Mozambicans and created a major refugee situation in southern Africa. By the late 1980s, RENAMO controlled an estimated 25% of Mozambique's area, especially around the Manica, Sofala, and Zambezia provinces.

The end of the Cold War and FRELIMO's acceding to RENAMO demands for multi-party democracy in 1990 ensured a ceasefire and bilateral negotiations sponsored by Western governments. Both parties formally made peace with the Rome General Peace Accords on 4 October 1992. Large numbers of combatants on both sides were demobilized accordingly. An election held in 1994 returned approximately 33.7% of the votes for RENAMO's presidential candidate Afonso Dhlakama. Dhlakama also carried 112 parliamentary seats and won a decisive majority in five of the country's eleven provinces. The election results, which were closely monitored by the United Nations, were declared free and fair.

During the second round of general elections scheduled for December 1999, in which FRELIMO secured a much narrower majority of the popular vote, RENAMO contested the electoral processes and alleged widespread voter fraud. Throughout 2000 a number of pro-RENAMO demonstrations were held in major Mozambican cities such as Maputo and Beira. The government ruled the demonstrations illegal, and security forces killed some of the protestors. In Montepuez, this resulted in street clashes between protestors and the police which left a hundred dead. Another eighty people died in police custody. Some protestors began vandalizing state property and occupying official buildings, while a mob of FRELIMO supporters led by veterans of the civil war retaliated by destroying RENAMO's headquarters. The tense political climate was further shaken when unidentified gunmen raided a police station in Nampula, killing five. FRELIMO claimed that RENAMO dissidents were responsible. In January 2002 the government placed several RENAMO supporters on trial for armed insurrection.

The outbreak of violence in 2000 and the contested elections of 1999, as well as the appointment of new provincial governors, all of whom were known FRELIMO partisans, resulted in the continued breakdown of relations between the two formerly belligerent parties.

Since then, support for RENAMO has waned in Mozambique elections, and Afonso Dhlakama in October 2012 began retraining ageing veterans demanding "a new political order".  This followed complaints that the political system was not sufficiently inclusive and that the proceeds of economic development were not being shared fairly. RENAMO turned to arms once again, citing fears for the safety of its leader.

Timeline

Resurgence (April 2013–August 2014)
The activity of RENAMO resurged in April 2013, when armed clashes broke out with a RENAMO attack on a police station in Muxungue.

RENAMO participated in two clashes in August 2013, resulting in the deaths of 36 Mozambique soldiers and policemen according to RENAMOs announcement; local media figures were put significantly lower in comparison, reporting just 2 deaths.

On 21 October 2013 a government raid on the RENAMO base in Sofala Province resulted in one rebel death.

In January 2014, 1 person was killed and five injured in a Muxungue ambush by RENAMO. In early January 2014, additional six members of the Mozambican Defense and Security Force in Homoine district.

RENAMO members were suspected of killing four policemen and wounding five others in Mozambique's district of Gorongosa in early March 2014.

A "unilateral ceasefire", decreed by its leader Afonso Dhlakama, was announced by RENAMO on 7 May 2014.

On 15 May 2014 two policemen were killed by RENAMO in the Morutane region of Mocuba district (Zambezia province).

On 31 May 2014 and 1 June 2014 RENAMO claimed to have killed 20 soldiers in the Muxungue region. On 2 June 2014 Antonio Muchanga (the spokesman of the organization) claimed that "As of today, there are no guarantees of movement". RENAMO's explanation for scrapping the truce was a claim that the government was massing forces in the Sofala district of Gorongosa in order to assassinate Dhlakama, who was living in a base on the slopes of the Gorongosa mountain range.

On 4 June 2014 the RENAMO rebel movement killed 3 people, attacking a convoy of vehicles on the main north-south highway. Earlier that week 7 people were injured at the same location by RENAMO in similar circumstances.

Ceasefire (August 2014–February 2015)

The government and the RENAMO rebels signed a ceasefire on 25 August 2014. This followed almost a year of negotiations and the government release of rebels captured in fighting in the week beforehand, coming into effect at 22:00 (CAT) on that day.  Simon Macuiane, the rebels' chief negotiator, called it an "important step towards national reconciliation... and a durable peace."  The ceasefire was seen as part of a wider attempt to bring peace to the country ahead of elections scheduled for October 2014.

On 5 September, Mozambican President Armando Guebuza signed a peace deal with ex-rebel leader Afonso Dhlakama, who emerged from two years in hiding to sign the deal in the capital, Maputo.

Following the September 2014 agreement, provincial elections were held in Mozambique on 15 October 2014 with their results sparking a renewed political crisis in the country - Renamo at first mocked the official election results, alleging that the results released by the provincial elections commissions are "adulterated" and do not reflect what really occurred at the polling stations. In a consequent Beira conference, Renamo declared that it had won 139 seats in the seven northern and central provinces to just 34 for the ruling Frelimo Party and 14 for the Mozambique Democratic Movement. It added that it would not accept any results which did not agree with its own count. The official results of the provincial elections were completely different, resulting in a political crisis.

Renewed tensions and clashes (March 2015–May 2018)
In early March 2015, a leading legal expert in Mozambique, named Gilles Cistic, was murdered in central Maputo. Cistac had previously endorsed a proposal by RENAMO to create semi-autonomous provinces, an issue upon which the ruling FRELIMO party is divided. Following the murder, at a rally on 6 March 2015 RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama accused FRELIMO of committing the murder and threatened to bypass parliamentary debate and start ruling the autonomous provinces he claims for RENAMO.

On 14 June 2015 Dhlakama's forces perpetrated an ambush on Mozambican troops, claiming to kill as many as 35 government soldiers, bringing the cease-fire to a halt. According to the spokesperson for the General Command of the Mozambican police, Pedro Cossa, two policemen were wounded in the ambush, one of whom died on the way to the hospital.

In December 2015, Dhlakama once again threatened to seize control of six northern and central provinces in March 2016: Sofala, Tete, Niassa, Manica, Zambezia, and Nampula.

On 20 January 2016 the Secretary-General of RENAMO, Manuel Bissopo, was injured in a shootout, where his bodyguard died.

The Mozambican government reopened peace talks with RENAMO in July 2016, only to cancel them in the wake of escalating violence and an impasse over the status of the six northern and central provinces, which Dhlakama insisted were under his party's control. RENAMO responded by intensifying its guerrilla campaign, targeting police outposts and rail lines. Rail traffic in Sofala Province was temporarily suspended due to the fighting.

On 12 August 2016 RENAMO rebels launched a major attack in Morrumbala District, destroying a clinic and freeing some prisoners held at the local police station. Mozambican security forces retaliated with raids on the party's Morrumbala headquarters and a suspected insurgent base camp.

On the morning of 19 December 2016 six insurgents attacked the Inhazonia open prison in Báruè District and released 48 prisoners. RENAMO also attacked a health unit in the Honda administrative post, where its forces stole medical supplies.

Around late December 2016, RENAMO announced that it had reached a truce with the FRELIMO government. On 3 January 2017 Dhlakama publicly stated that the truce had been extended for another two months. This allowed schools and roads closed due to the insurgency to be reopened.

On 4 May 2017 Dhlakama announced that he had reached an agreement with the government to extend the truce indefinitely and that RENAMO militia forces would be vacating the government buildings that they had been occupying by the end of June.

On 3 May 2018 Afonso Dhlakama, the longtime and influential leader of RENAMO, died after suffering a heart attack. It is unknown if his ceasefire plan will go into effect. Due to Dhlakma's strong influence in the organization, it was also called into question if RENAMO could ever recover. The next month on 14 June 2018 Ossufo Momade, the interim leader of RENAMO, went into hiding.

Peace deal and rebel splintering
On 1 August 2019 President Filipe Nyusi and RENAMO leader Ossufo Momade signed a peace agreement bringing an end to the six-year conflict. The signing of the peace took place at RENAMO's remote military base in the Gorongosa mountains. After the agreement was signed, most RENAMO fighters surrendered their weapons. Momade told the Associated Press that "we will no longer commit the mistakes of the past. [...] We are for a humanized and dignified reintegration, and we want the international community to help make that a reality." Nyusi and Momade signed another peace deal in Maputo's Peace Square on 6 August 2019.

However, parts of RENAMO strongly disagreed with the deal. Led by General Mariano Nhongo, this faction was also opposed to Momade and refused to lay down arms. Calling itself the "RENAMO Military Junta" (RMJ), the group claimed to include 500 fighters and to control eleven bases. The RMJ demanded that the Mozambican government deal directly with them, circumventing Momade, and continued to launch attacks until this demand was met. In the following years, the RMJ continued to operate in Sofala and Manica Provinces, but one of its key leaders, Andre Matsangaissa Junior, surrendered to the government in late 2020. By February 2021, most RMJ fighters and commanders had laid down weapons, and RMJ attacks had ceased. Momade urged the few remaining RMJ holdouts (including Nhongo) to abandon the bush and rejoin RENAMO's main faction in March 2021. In early May, unknown gunmen, believed to be supporters of the RMJ, shot at the residence of an administrative post head Americo Nfumane at Capirizanje, Moatize District. The attackers left a letter at the scene denouncing Momade. Nfumane was not injured in the attack. In late May, three RMJ members surrendered to the government in Manica Province. They claimed that the RMJ had suffered mass desertions, citing the example of the splinter group's former stronghold at Gorongosa, which had been reduced to seven militants.

In July 2021, RMJ leader Mariano Nhongo reaffirmed that he was ready for peace talks under the condition of excluding the RENAMO main faction. Despite his group's gradual demise, he also boasted "The military Junta still exists, and it will always exist". In early October, government forces discovered and seized Nhongo's hideout in the Zove hamlet deep at Inhaminga. On 11 October 2021 the RMJ leader was shot dead in a firefight with Mozambican security forces in Cheringoma District. According to Bernadino Rafael, General Commander of the Mozambican police force, Nhongo's force had attacked a patrol in the bush at Njovo. He died alongside one of his main lieutenants, Wulawucama. In December 2021, United Nations envoy Mirko Manzoni declared that the last remnant group of the RMJ -counting 24 militants- had joined the "Demobilization, Disarmament and Reintegration" (DDR) program. The group had laid down its weapons at Murrupula, Nampula Province.

United Nations response
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), up to 12,000 Mozambicans were driven into exile as a result of the insurgency between the years 2013 and 2016 respectively. UNHCR is currently monitoring temporary camps established for Mozambican refugees in Malawi, although it has cited insufficient funds and food supplies as potentially serious problems.

References

Wars involving Mozambique
Military history of Mozambique
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa
Conflicts in 2013
Conflicts in 2014
Conflicts in 2015
Conflicts in 2016
Conflicts in 2017
Conflicts in 2018
Conflicts in 2019
Conflicts in 2020
Conflicts in 2021
RENAMO
Insurgencies in Africa


title: Alfred J. Morley

text:
Alfred James Morley (1861 – September 16, 1958) was a civil engineer, businessman and politician in British Columbia, Canada. He was mayor of Victoria from 1905 to 1907, from 1909 to 1911 and in 1913.

Born in England, Morley came to California and later settled in Victoria. He married Mary Goodall. Morley owned the Victoria Coffee & Spice Mills until 1909.

Morley was elected in part due to a rising demand for moral reform in Victoria. After he was elected, Morley and the police chief struck an unofficial deal with Stella Carroll, a popular "madam" in the city. If she would move her brothel out of downtown and into what was considered the town's "red-light district", she would be left alone. However, public pressure forced the mayor to renege on this deal.

He died in Victoria at the age of 96.

References

Mayors of Victoria, British Columbia
1861 births
1958 deaths
British emigrants
Immigrants to the United States
Immigrants to Canada


title: Charles Whitman Cross

text:
Charles Whitman Cross (September 1, 1854 – April 20, 1949) was an American geologist. He was educated at Amherst College, the University of Göttingen, and Leipzig University. A petrologist, much of his field work concerned rocks in Colorado. He and three other geologists proposed the CIPW norm that is still used in normative mineralogy. He was also active in scientific societies and institutions.

Early life and education

Cross was born September 1, 1854, in Amherst, Massachusetts, to Maria Mason Cross and the Rev. Moses Kimball Cross. Later his family moved to Waverly, Iowa, where he graduated high school. In 1872 he entered the Scientific Course at Amherst College. After earning a Bachelor of Science degree in 1875, he remained at Amherst doing post-graduate studies in science. He attended the University of Göttingen from 1877 to 1878, when he transferred to Leipzig University. There he studied under Ferdinand Zirkel and earned his Ph.D. in 1880.

Career

After completing his Ph.D., Cross returned to the United States and began a career with the U.S. Geological Survey that would last until his retirement in 1925. From 1880 to 1888 he was based in Denver, Colorado, after which he moved to Washington, D.C., where he headed the Survey's petrology section.

Research

Cross was a petrologist, and much of his field work focused on rocks. Most of this was done in Colorado, in rugged terrain with few roads. His greatest work was on the San Juan Mountains beginning in 1895. He also worked in the Leucite Hills of Wyoming and in Hawaii.

Besides his substantial field work, Cross was known for his pioneering research in normative mineralogy. Together with Joseph P. Iddings, Louis Valentine Pirsson, and Henry Stephens Washington, he devised a measurement of the chemical composition of rocks that came to be known as the CIPW norm, after their initials. Published in a 1903 book, their method was more quantitative than previous approaches and introduced a novel nomenclature system. While other petrologists generally judged their nomenclature to be too detailed and cumbersome, they embraced the quantitative approach of calculating a "norm" based on a rock's chemical composition, and the CIPW norm remains a staple of petrology.

Other professional activities

Cross helped organize the National Research Council. He was a member from 1918 to 1922, treasurer from 1918 to 1919, and vice chairman of its Division of Geology and Geography in 1918. He was among several geologists who persuaded the Carnegie Institution of Washington to establish its Geophysical Laboratory. In 1910 he organized the Petrologists' Club, whose first meetings took place in his home.

Cross was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1908 and was its treasurer from 1911 to 1919. he was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1915. He was a member of the Geological Society of America and was its president in 1918. In 1925, his alma mater Amherst College awarded him an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree.

Personal life

On November 7, 1895, Cross married Virginia Stevens, daughter of Moses T. Stevens. They had one child, a son.

Death and legacy

Cross died April 20, 1949, in Chevy Chase, Maryland. At the time of his death he was the oldest member of the National Academy of Sciences and the oldest living alumnus of Amherst College.

Crossite is named in his honor.

Bibliography

Footnotes

Citations

References

1854 births
1949 deaths
American geologists
Petrologists
People from Amherst, Massachusetts
People from Bremer County, Iowa
People from Washington, D.C.
Amherst College alumni
Leipzig University alumni
United States Geological Survey personnel
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Geological Society of America
Presidents of the Geological Society of America


title: John Courtenay (1738–1816)

text:
John Courtenay (22 August 1738 – 24 March 1816) was an Irish officer in the British Army who became a politician in England. He was a Whig member of Parliament (MP) at Westminster from 1780 to 1807, and again in 1812.

Courtenay was the second son of Henry Courtenay, a revenue officer from Newry, County Down in the Kingdom of Ireland. He was educated at Drogheda Grammar School.

He was MP for Tamworth from 1780 to 1796, and then for Appleby from 1796 to 1807. He was re-elected for Appleby at the 1812 general election, but resigned his seat shortly after Parliament met in December.

A member both of Brooks's and Whig Club, Courtenay aligned with Charles James Fox against the First Pitt ministry. As such, he supported reform measures, favouring the repeal of the Test Act in Scotland in 1791, abolition of the slave trade, and parliamentary reform; helped manage the impeachment of Warren Hastings; and, in A Poetical and Philosophical Essay on the French Revolution (1793), assailed Edmund Burke for his inveterate hostility to constitutional innovation and popular sovereignty.

With Sir Francis Burdett, in 1798 Courtenay supported the campaign of Catherine Despard to publicise and protest the conditions under which her Irish husband Colonel Edward Despard and other political radicals were held following the suspension of habeas corpus which Courtenay had opposed. In a House of Commons debate on the continued suspension, Coutenay read a letter from Catherine detailing the harsh conditions under which her husband was confined at in Coldbath Fields Prison. Edward Despard, a member of the London Corresponding Society and a United Irishman remained in prison for three years. In 1803 he was tried and executed for treason.

After the Acts of Union in 1800 he welcomed the new Irish MPs to the Commons, but protested the parliamentary oath of allegiance which continued to prevent members of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority from being seated in the House.

Courtenay was the surveyor-general of the ordnance from 1783 to 1784, and a lord of the treasury from 1806 to 1807 in the Grenville ministry.

References

External links

1738 births
1816 deaths
Military personnel from Newry
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1806–1807
UK MPs 1812–1818
People educated at Drogheda Grammar School
British Army officers


title: South Oakdale Historic District

text:
The South Oakdale Historic District comprises a primarily residential area along South Oakdale Avenue in Medford, Oregon, United States. Development of this well-preserved residential neighborhood began in 1890, soon after Medford's founding in 1883, and continued until around 1940. It became one of the city's grand neighborhoods, with many residents prominent in land development, business, agriculture, law, medicine, education, politics, and the arts. The district exhibits a wide range of architectural styles from its period of development, notably including several works by Frank Chamberlain Clark, southern Oregon's preeminent architect of the early 20th century.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

See also
Central Medford High School
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jackson County, Oregon

References

External links

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Medford, Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Jackson County, Oregon


title: Hermann Linde

text:
Hermann Linde (26 August 1863, Lübeck - 26 June 1923, Arlesheim) was a German painter in the Symbolist style. He specialized in "Oriental" themes.

Life and work
He was the son of Hermann Linde the Elder, a pharmacist and pioneering photographer. His brothers were Max Linde, an ophthalmologist and art collector, and Heinrich Eduard Linde-Walther, who also became a painter. He received his first art lessons from his grandfather Christian Peter Wilhelm Stolle, a decorative painter.

He continued his studies at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts and the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School. In 1890, prompted by his brother Heinrich, who had just returned from Cairo, he took a study trip to Sicily, Egypt and Tunisia. From 1892 to 1895, he worked as a free-lance painter in India. His painting "The Langar Procession" won the Gold Medal of the Viceroy of India. It is currently in the collection of the Übersee-Museum Bremen. In 1896, he stayed briefly in Paris and Tunisia, then spent the next two years at the artists' colony in Dachau.

Some of his father's relatives had been interested in the Anthroposophical Society. After attending a large meeting and lecture in 1906, he became a member. In 1910 he met Steiner, who invited him to paint interior murals for the First Goetheanum. Linde made sketches based on Goethe's Märchen von der Grünen Schlange und der Schönen Lilie (tale of "The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily"). After seeing the sketches, Steiner suggested that they be done in conjunction with scenes from Steiner's modern mystery play, The Portal of Initiation. Linde would work on the murals and other projects there for many years to follow.

He died six months after the First Goetheanum was destroyed by an arson fire. According to Steiner, he died of a "broken heart", because of all the years he had devoted himself entirely to the building and its artwork.

References

Further reading
 Wulf Schadendorf: Museum Behnhaus. Das Haus und seine Räume. Malerei, Skulptur, Kunsthandwerk (Lübecker Museumskataloge), expanded and revised edition. Museum für Kunst u. Kulturgeschichte d. Hansestadt, Lübeck 1976, pg.85
 Elisabeth Bessau: "Linde, Hermann" in: Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck, Vol.11, Neumünster 2000, Pgs.228-230

Illustrations
 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily with 12 pictures by Hermann Linde. Steinerbooks (2006)

External links

 Hermann Linde @ AnthroWiki with quotes by Steiner
 ArtNet: More works by Linde

19th-century German painters
19th-century male artists
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
Anthroposophists
1863 births
1923 deaths
People from the Free City of Lübeck


title: Stefano Padovan

text:
Stefano Padovan (born 16 April 1994) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie D club United Riccione.

Club career

Juventus
Born in Turin, capital of Piedmont region, Padovan was a youth product of hometown club Juventus F.C. He was the member of U17 team in 2010–11 season as well as the reserve team from 2011 to 2013. Juventus reserve finished as the losing quarter-finalists in 2012–13 season reserve league, as well as winner of the reserve cup.

Loan to Pescara and Vicenza
On 5 July 2013, Padovan was signed by Serie B club Pescara in a temporary deal, with an option to buy. He was given no.31 shirt of the first team. On 30 September, Padovan made his Serie B debut for Pescara as a substitute replacing Riccardo Maniero in the 87th minute of a 1–1 away draw against Cesena, after the sub his teammate Matteo Politano scored the equalizer goal for Pescara, by an assist from Padovan. Padovan ended his loan to Pescara with only 5 appearances, all as a substitute, and 1 assist.

On 16 January 2014, Padovan was signed by Serie C club Vicenza on a 6-month loan deal. On 26 January he made his Serie C debut for Vicenza as a substitute replacing Giacomo Tulli in the 61st minute of a 2–1 home win over Venezia. On 4 May, Padovan played his first match as a starter, a 2–2 away draw against San Marino Calcio, he was replaced by Tanasiy Kosovan in the 66th minute. Padovan ended his 6-month loan to Vicenza with 10 appearances, as well as the first round of promotion playoffs against Savona.

Loan to Crotone
On 16 July 2014, Padovan was loaned to Serie B club Crotone on a season-long loan deal with an option to buy. He was given no.18 shirt of the first team. On 17 August, Padovan made his debut for Crotone in a match loss 5–4 at penalties after a 0–0 home draw against Casertana in the second round of Coppa Italia, he was replaced by Ernesto Torregrossa in the 55th minute. On 30 August he made his Serie B debut for Crotone as a substitute replacing Jacopo Dezi in the 72nd minute of a 2–0 home defeat against Ternana. On 17 January 2015, Padovan scored his first goal as a professional footballer, as a substitute, in the 88th minute of a 2–1 away defeat against Ternana. On 29 March, Padovan played his first match as a starter, a 0–0 away draw against Perugia, he was replaced by Michael Rabusic in the 69th minute. On 2 April he scored twice in a 2–0 home win over Spezia. On 18 April he played his first entire match, a 1–1 home draw against Virtus Lanciano. Padovan ended his loan to Crotone with 21 appearances, 3 goals and 1 assist.

Loan to Virtus Lanciano
On 21 July 2015, Padovan was signed by Serie B side S.S. Virtus Lanciano 1924 on a season-long loan deal with option to buy. He was given no.19 shirt of the first team. On 9 August he made his debut for Virtus Lanciano as a substitute replacing Mohamed Fofana in the 54th minute of a 2–0 home defeat against Juve Stabia in the second round of Coppa Italia. On 6 September he made his Serie B debut for Virtus Lanciano as a substitute replacing Zè Eduardo in the 85th minute of a 2–1 away defeat against Pro Vercelli. On 21 November, Padovan played is first match as a starter, a 1–1 away draw against Virtus Entella, he was replaced by Eric Lanini in the 74th minute. On 5 December he scored his first goal for Virtus Lanciano 64th minute of a 4–1 away defeat against Novara.  On 16 January 2016 he played his first entire match for Virtus Lanciano, a 1–0 home win over Pro Vercelli. Padovan ended his season-long loan with 22 appearances, 1 goal and 1 assist.

Loan to Foggia and Pordenone
On 13 July 2016, Padovan was signed by Serie C side Foggia on a 6-month loan deal. On 29 August he made his Serie C debut for Foggia as a substitute replacing Antonio Letizia in the 63rd minute and in the 76th minute he scored his first goal for Foggia in a 2–1 home win over Fidelis Andria. On 5 September, Padovan scored his second goal, again as a substitute, in the 88th minute of a 2–1 away win over Siracusa. On 15 September he played his first entire match for Foggia, a 1–0 away win over Virtus Francavilla. On 23 October he scored his third goal in the 74th minute of a 4–1 home win over Monopoli. On 27 November, Padovan was sent off with a red card in the 94th minute of a 1–1 home draw against Casertana. Padovan ended his 6-month loan to Foggia with 17 appearances and 3 goals.

On 19 January 2017, Padovan was loaned to Serie C side Pordenone on a 6-month loan deal. On 29 January he made his Serie C debut for Pordenone as a substitute replacing Luca Cattaneo in the 46th minute of a 0–0 home draw against Mantova.  On 27 February, Padovan played his first match as a starter, a 6–0 home win over Bassano Virtus, he was replaced Riccardo Martignago in the 79th minute. On 12 March, Padovan scored his first goal for Pordenone and the only goal of the match in the 19th minute of a 1–0 home win over Südtirol. On 19 March he scored his second goal in the 41st minute of a 2–0 away win over Ancona. On 30 April he scored his third goal, as a substitute, in the 91st minute of a 2–1 home defeat against FeralpiSalò. Padovan ended his loan to Pordenone with 19 appearances and 3 goals.

Loan to Casertana
On 27 July 2017, Padovan was loaned to Serie C side Casertana on a season-long loan deal. On 26 August he made his debut in Serie C for Casertana in a 2–1 away defeat against Catanazaro, in the 81st minute he was sent off with a double yellow card. On 23 September he played his first entire match for Casertana, a 1–0 home defeat against Akragas. On 18 November, Padovan scored his first goal for Casertana, as a substitute, in the 87th minute of a 1–1 away draw against Sicula Leonzio. On 30 December he scored twice in a 2–1 away win over Catania. On 11 February 2018, Padovan was sent-off with a red card in the 55th minute of a 0–0 home draw against Trapani. Padovan ended his season-long loan to Casertana with 31 appearances, 4 goals and 2 assists.

On 27 July 2018 his loan was extended for another season.

Imolese
On 22 July 2019, he joined Serie C club Imolese on a 2-year contract. On 3 October 2020 he moved on loan to Pro Vercelli. On 1 February 2021 he was loaned to Sambenedettese.

United Riccione
On 19 August 2022, Padovan moved to United Riccione in Serie D.

International career
Padovan capped for Italian youth teams from U16 to U20. He received his first call-up for 2009 Val-de-Marne tournament, which no documentation of line-up were known. Padovan only able to play for the U17 team in friendlies, however he became a regular for the U19 team in 2012–13 season. Padovan made his U19 debut against Croatia, a friendly match; he scored a brace in 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification, against Albania. He made 2 substitute and 1 start in 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship elite qualification. Italy was eliminated as the runner-up of that group. That season he also scored a goal against Kazakhstan in a friendly match.

Career statistics

Club

Honours

Club
Juventus Primavera
 Supercoppa Primavera: 2011–12
 Torneo di Viareggio: 2012

Foggia
 Serie C: 2016–17

References

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Turin
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Juventus FC players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
LR Vicenza players
FC Crotone players
SS Virtus Lanciano 1924 players
Calcio Foggia 1920 players
Pordenone Calcio players
Casertana FC players
Imolese Calcio 1919 players
FC Pro Vercelli 1892 players
US Sambenedettese players
ASD Riccione 1929 players
Italy men's youth international footballers


title: List of former V-me affiliates

text:
The following is a list of stations that are affiliated with the American Spanish-language network, V-me, prior to switching exclusively to a cable and satellite model of distribution too.

 Tucson, Arizona - KUAT-TV - 6.2
 Fresno, California - KVPT - 18.3
 Los Angeles, California - KCET - 28.3
 Sacramento, California - KVIE - 6.3
 San Diego, California - KPBS-TV - 15.2
 San Jose, California - KQEH - 54.5
 Watsonville, California - KQET - 25.3
 Colorado - Rocky Mountain PBS:
 Boulder, Colorado - K24HQ-D - 24.4
 Denver, Colorado - KRMA - 6.2
 Durango, Colorado - KRMU - 20.2
 Grand Junction, Colorado - KRMJ - 18.2
 Pueblo, Colorado - KTSC-TV - 8.2
 Steamboat Springs, Colorado - KRMZ - 24.2
 Miami, Florida - WPBT - 2.3
 Orlando, Florida - WUCF-TV - 24.4
 Pensacola, Florida - WSRE - 23.4
 Tampa, Florida - WEDU - 3.2
 West Palm Beach, Florida - WXEL-TV - 42.3
 Chicago, Illinois - WTTW - 11.4
 Bloomington, Indiana - WTIU - 30.4
 Indianapolis, Indiana -  WFYI - 20.2
 New Orleans, Louisiana - WLAE-TV - 32.4
 Maryland - Maryland Public Television:
 Annapolis, Maryland - WMPT - 22.3
 Baltimore, Maryland - WMPB - 67.3
 Frederick, Maryland - WFPT - 62.3
 Hagerstown, Maryland - WWPB - 31.3
 Oakland, Maryland - WGPT - 36.3
 Salisbury, Maryland - WCPB - 28.3
 Newark, New Jersey / New York City - WNET - 13.3
 Albuquerque, New Mexico - KNME-TV - 5.2
 Las Cruces, New Mexico - KRWG-TV - 22.3
 Las Vegas, Nevada - KLVX - 10.3
 Reno, Nevada - KNPB - 5.3
 Akron, Ohio - WEAO-TV - 49.4
 Alliance / Youngstown, Ohio - WNEO - 45.4
 Allentown, Pennsylvania - WLVT-TV - 39.3
 Mayagüez, Puerto Rico - WIPM-TV - 3.4
 San Juan, Puerto Rico - WIPR-TV - 6.4
 Providence, Rhode Island - WSBE-TV - 36.3
 Amarillo, Texas - KACV-TV - 2.2
 Austin, Texas - KLRU - 18.4
 Harlingen, Texas - KMBH - 38.2
 Houston, Texas - KUHT - 8.3
 El Paso, Texas - KRWG-TV - 22.3
 San Antonio, Texas - KLRN - 9.3
 Salt Lake City, Utah - KUED - 7.3
 St. George, Utah - KUEW - 18.3
 New Market / Front Royal, Virginia - WVPY - 42.3
 Staunton, Virginia - WVPT - 51.3
 Seattle, Washington - KCTS-TV - 9.2
 Yakima, Washington - KYVE - 47.2
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin - WMVS - 10.3

References

External links

Spanish-language television networks in the United States
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
V-me


title: 1996 Virginia ballot measures

text:
The 1996 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 5, 1996, the same day as the presidential, U.S. Senate, and U.S. House elections in the state. The only statewide elections on the ballot were five constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution. Because Virginia state elections are held on off-years, no statewide officers or state legislative elections were held. All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.

Question 1

This amendment asked voters to turn all state employees' investments in the government-controlled retirement fund system into trust fund accounts.

Question 2

The Victims' Rights Act amendment asked voters the following question:

"Shall the Constitution of Virginia be amended to provide that the victims of crime shall be treated with fairness, dignity, and respect in the criminal justice process and that the General Assembly may define, by law, the rights of victims of crime?"

Question 3

This amendment gives the General Assembly the right to appeal any case against the Commonwealth (which is normally done by the Attorney General of Virginia) as long as the appeal does not violate the Virginia State Constitution or the U.S. Constitution.

Question 4

This amendment adjusted voter registration laws in order to bring them into compliance with the National Voter Registration Act.

Question 5

This amendment would have removed language which prohibited the General Assembly from passing a law permitting incorporation of any church or religious organization. Although the amendment was narrowly rejected, the aforementioned language in the Virginia State Constitution was ruled unconstitutional by the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia in the case Falwell v. Miller in 2002.  The language was later removed by another amendment in 2006.

References

1996 Virginia elections


title: James Morrow (trade unionist)

text:
James Morrow (July 1904 – 1986) was an Irish trade unionist and politician.

Morrow grew up in Belfast, and studied at the Belfast Technical School.  He became active in the Northern Ireland Labour Party and served as its chairman in 1949/50.  He worked as an organiser for the Amalgamated Engineering Union, and in 1970 he served as President of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.

Morrow contested Belfast South in the 1945 UK general election, taking 17.5% of the vote, then in Belfast North, at the 1951 general election, where he took 39.3%.  He came closest to election in Belfast Duncairn at the 1945 Northern Ireland general election, taking 45.5% of the vote, but his share dropped to 16.9% in 1949, and recovered only slightly at a by-election held later in the year.

References

1904 births
1986 deaths
Northern Ireland Labour Party politicians
Trade unionists from Belfast
Presidents of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions
Politicians from Belfast


title: Hokkaido characters

text:
The , also known as  or , are a set of characters discovered around 1886 on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. At the time of their discovery, they were believed to be a genuine script, but this view is not generally supported today.

Discovery and research
Heikichi Shōji, a member of the , collected various Ainu artifacts in Hokkaido, including some antiques with characters written on them. Among these, a piece of bark and a sash were introduced in the September 9, 1886 issue of the , a local newspaper in Aomori Prefecture, and three days later in the Sendai paper . Enomoto Takeaki opined that these must have been characters used by the Emishi a thousand years before. At the 25th meeting of the Tokyo Anthropological Society in December of that year, Shōji displayed pieces of leather, stone fragments, washi (Japanese paper), and a sheath, all inscribed with the characters.

The anthropologist Tsuboi Shōgorō published an article in 1887 in the 12th issue of the Tokyo Anthropological Society Report that used the Hokkaido characters, along with carvings in Temiya Cave and Oshoro Stone Circle in Otaru City, to support his own Koro-pok-guru theory. This theory argued that the Koro-pok-guru, a legendary race of small people in Ainu mythology, were in fact residents of Japan predating the Ainu themselves, and had been forced to the northeast by the immigration of the Ainu's ancestors.

In August 1887, Tsuboi went on to publish an article in the 18th issue of the Tokyo Anthropological Society Magazine entitled . In addition to stating that the characters were systematically arranged, unlike those at Temiya Cave, and thus represented a script, he further suggested the possibility that these characters were used by people who came to Japan from Eurasia.

In October of the same year, this time in the 20th issue of that same Tokyo Anthropological Society Magazine, Shōji himself released an article called . Although he admitted that there was no proof, Shōji expressed the view that these characters were likely used by the Emishi in ancient times.

In 1888, the Kokugaku scholar Naosumi Ochiai wrote a book entitled . Therein he posited that the Hokkaido characters were used by the Emishi people, who neither understood Japanese nor used Kanji. He further produced 14 symbols, combinations of which supposedly composed 50 of the characters, but supposed that it would prove impossible to understand them without knowing their readings. In the appendix on dubious characters in Hirata Atsutane's , he suggested a connection between the Hokkaido characters and Izumo characters, as well as other supposedly ancient characters.

In 1975, Kiyohiko Agō wrote , in which he connected the Hokkaido characters with not only the carvings in Temiya Cave but also those in Fugoppe Cave, in the town of Yoichi.

The , headed by Takahashi Yoshinori, claims a connection between jindai moji including the Hokkaido characters and an advanced prehistoric society, and further between the Hokkaido characters and the ancient Sumerian and Assyrian civilizations of Mesopotamia. Furthermore, they claim that the carvings in the Fugoppe Cave themselves consist of the Hokkaido characters.

In 2007, the author Harada Minoru, a member of the skeptical group Togakkai (the "Academy of Outrageous Books"), offered the following evaluation:

Overview of inscribed artifacts
The names and descriptions of these are mostly from Shōji (1887).

Related characters

Temiya cave drawings

By one theory, the rock art discovered in 1866 in Temiya Cave actually consists of written characters. These carvings in Otaru are relics of the continuing Jōmon culture which persisted in the region from the 3rd century BC until the 7th century AD, when it was replaced by Satsumon culture. In 1921, they were designated a national historical landmark. They became public knowledge after an 1878 investigation conducted by Enomoto Takeaki, the secretary of the Kaitakushi (Hokkaido Development Commission) Yamanouchi Teiun, and the British geologist John Milne.

In October 1913, the archaeologist Torii Ryūzō contributed an article to Volume 22, Issue 4 of  entitled . He claimed that the letters were in the old Turkic alphabet, representing a Tungusic languages used by the Mohe people. Moreover, the linguist Nakanome Akira contributed an article to the 71st issue of , published in February 1918, entitled . Adopting Torii's Turkic theory, he claimed to have deciphered the carvings in Temiya Cave, and that in the Mohe language they read:  In that month's Otaru Shinbun newspaper, Nakanome asserted that the Mishihase people subjugated in the Nihon Shoki by Abe no Hirafu were in fact Mohe people, and that Temiya Cave is the ruins of the burial place of their chief, who died in the conflict.

On the other hand, in 1944, the local historian Fumihiro Asaeda published , in which he propounded a theory that the carvings in Temiya Cavern represented ancient Chinese hanzi. By his theory, they were made by people of the Zhou dynasty court, and record that a fleet dispatched on an expedition was visiting the area when the  who led them died and was buried. After some calamity occurred, the Zhou held a bloody ritual. He further conjectured that ships from Shang and later Zhou China frequently visited Hokkaido to obtain deer antlers for use in rituals.

In 1972, Asaeda published a further work in which he indicated three more items he believed to contain characters of the same type. He supposed that all of these were ancient records of ceremonies conducted for the dead.

The jindai moji researcher Tatsuo Sōma offered another theory in 1978, when he published . He argued that the carvings in Temiya Cave were made by members of a group of people chased from the Hokuriku region by another group of originating in Baekje. He also shared his interpretations of the meanings of the carvings; Unoke, Noto, Kaga, and the other places he refers to by name are all located in modern Ishikawa prefecture.

Fugoppe cave drawings

In October 1927, rock carvings were discovered on stone walls inside a hill in Fugoppe in the town of Yoichi, by a railroad worker who dug a path through it. Nishida Shōzō, a professor at the , called these carvings the "Fugoppe ancient characters", forming a pair with the "Temiya ancient characters" and associating them with the Tsushima characters and old Turkic alphabet. However, the ethnic Ainu folk researcher Hokuto Iboshi argued that the "deformed letters" were instead more recent forgeries, citing their lack of weathering compared to those at Temiya Cave.

Tatsuo Sōma opined that these carvings, like those at Temiya Cave, were made by people driven from the northeast of Honshū. He interpreted their meaning as

In 1950, further rock art was discovered in Fugoppe Cave in the same town. These were confirmed, like those at Temiya Cave, to be relics of the continued Jōmon period, and designated as national treasures in 1953. These carvings, like those at Temiya Cave, are sometimes referred to as "ancient characters".

Tatsuo Sōma considered these too as made by the same group that created the carvings at Temiya and at the 1927 Fugoppe discovery. Part of his translation is as follows:

The Japan Exploration Association, chaired by Takahashi Yoshinori, contends that the inscriptions on the northern wall of Fugoppe Cave read as "iishishirai" and "kawasakanahakitsu", and mean respectively "edible beasts live here" and "freshwater fish come here".

Notes

References

Further reading

History of Hokkaido
Japanese writing system
Jindai moji
Undeciphered writing systems


title: Tennessee PGA Championship

text:
The Tennessee PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Tennessee section of the PGA of America. Gibby Gilbert (three-time PGA Tour winner) and Joe Campbell (three-time PGA tour winner) share the record for most wins with five each.  Other PGA tour winners who were also victorious in the Tennessee PGA Championship include Mason Rudolph (five-time PGA tour winner) and Bert Weaver.

Winners

 2022 Casey Flenniken
 2021 Loren Personett
 2020 Johan Kok
 2019 Johan Kok
 2018 Johan Kok
 2017 Johan Kok
 2016 Oliver Peacock
 2015 Loren Personett
 2014 Scott Moran
 2013 Kelvin Burgin
 2012 Scott Moran
 2011 Audie Johnson
 2010 Kip Henley
 2009 Scott Moran
 2008 Kelvin Burgin
 2007 Kelvin Burgin
 2006 Kelvin Burgin
 2005 Kip Henley
 2004 Rob Hessing
 2003 Loren Personett
 2002 Bob Boyle
 2001 Bob Boyle
 2000 Sam Adams
 1999 Randy Helton
 1998 Bobby Bray
 1997 Art Whaley
 1996 Art Whaley
 1995 Don Jones
 1994 Kip Henley
 1993 Kip Henley
 1992 Walt Chapman
 1991 Randy Helton
 1990 Gibby Gilbert
 1989 Bobby Bray
 1988 Gibby Gilbert
 1987 Gibby Gilbert
 1986 Gibby Gilbert
 1985 Gary Robinson
 1984 Waddy Stokes
 1983 Gary Robinson
 1982 Bobby Bray
 1981 Mike Nixon
 1980 Mike Nixon
 1979 Gibby Gilbert
 1978 Jimmy Paschal
 1977 Greg Powers
 1976 Gary Robinson
 1975 Bert Weaver
 1974 Greg Powers
 1973 Bob Wolfe
 1972 Joe Campbell
 1971 Larry Gilbert
 1970 Joe Campbell
 1969 Mason Rudolph
 1968 Carroll Armstrong
 1967 Joe Campbell
 1966 Joe Campbell
 1965 Joe Campbell

References

External links
PGA of America – Tennessee section
Tennessee Section Professional Championship: Past Champions

Golf in Tennessee
PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1965
1965 establishments in Tennessee


title: Asia Tour

text:
The Asia Tour was planned to be the eleventh concert tour by Canadian singer Celine Dion. The tour was organized to support her eleventh English-language and twenty-fifth studio album, Loved Me Back to Life (2013), and was scheduled to take place in October and November 2014. The tour would have marked Dion's first concerts in Asia since the Taking Chances World Tour in 2008. While Japan and the Philippines were the only confirmed countries, it was revealed that the singer planned to perform in several other Asian countries for the first time.

Background
The tour was organized to support the English language album Loved Me Back to Life, and was scheduled to take place in October and November 2014. Japan and the Philippines were officially announced. However, local media in Taiwan revealed that Dion was slated to begin the tour in Taipei.

Commercial performance
The concerts in Tokyo and Osaka sold out immediately after tickets went on sale.

Cancellation
On 13 August 2014, Dion has announced that the tour has been cancelled due to ongoing illness and family issues.

According to a statement released by the singer:

 Dion did not return to Asia for a performance until her 2018 tour.

Opening acts
In the official announcement for the Japan and Philippine tour, it was revealed that the impersonator Véronic DiCaire had been invited to join Celine as the opening act for these shows.

Set list
The official setlist had yet to be announced, although in an exclusive video message to her Japanese fans, Dion promised a new show featuring songs from her latest English album, Loved Me Back to Life, as well as fan favorites from the past. Celine was also rehearsing one song in Japanese and one in Mandarin for the tour.

Cancelled tour dates

Notes
A The concert of 29 October 2014 at Taipei Arena was never formally announced prior to the tour cancellation.
B The concert of 26 November 2014 at Solaire Resort & Casino is only open to selected guests.

References

2014 concert tours
Celine Dion concert tours
Cancelled concert tours


title: Ameroglossum

text:
Ameroglossum is a genus of Linderniaceae, containing the species Ameroglossum pernambucense endemic to the Borborema Plateau in Pernambuco, and Ameroglossum manoelfelixii found in Paraíba, in north-eastern Brazil. The species are only found on granitic rocky outcrops. The species are threatened by drought, fires, quarrying, trampling and cattle pasturing.

References

Scrophulariaceae
Monotypic Lamiales genera
Endemic flora of Brazil
Flora of Paraíba
Flora of Pernambuco
Endangered plants


title: Emanuele Tenderini

text:
Emanuele Tenderini (born 30 June 1977 in Venice) is an Italian comic book artist known for his participation in Wondercity. He has collaborated with many other comic book series in Italy and abroad.

Biography
Tenderini attended the Istituto Commerciale Paolo Sarpi and graduated as accountant. He then worked as graphic designer before moving to Milan where he graduated with honors at the Scuola del Fumetto. He moved back to Venice working as colourist with the thrash metal band Merendine.

In 2004, with Alex Crippa, he released the comic book 100 Anime (ed. Delcourt). In 2005, he released Othon & Laiton and Wondercity. Between 2006 and 2007, he drew two volumes of Oeil de Jade (ed. Les Humanoïdes Associés). He then collaborated to Prediction (2007-2008), Arcane Majeur, Wisher, La Porte d'Ishtar (2008), Dei and 1066 (2011).

In Italy, he drew the special editions of Dylan Dog in 2007 and of Dampyr in 2008. Other Italian collaborations were Vasco Comics (2007), Rumbler (2008) and The Odissey (2011).

In 2014, with Linda Cavallini, he released World of Lumina, a graphic novel developed through their own digital color technic, named Hyperflat, and produced by a crowdfunding on Indiegogo in the same year.

Works

100 anime - vol 1, 2, 3, Ed. Delcourt - Ed BD, 2004-2007.
Othon & Laiton - vol 1, 2, Ed. Paquet, 2005.
Wondercity - vol 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Ed. Soleil - Ed Freebooks, 2005.
Oeil de Jade - vol 1, 2, Ed. Les Humanoïdes Associés - Eura, 2006-2007.
Gormiti, Ed. Giochi Preziosi, 2006-2011.
Vasco Comics, - vol 1, 3, 4, Ed. Panini, 2007.
Dylan Dog, nr 250, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2007.
Dylan Dog Color Fest, - vol 1, 2, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2007-2008.
Prediction, - vol 1, 2, Ed. Delcourt, 2007-2008.
Arcane Majeur, - vol 5, Ed. Delcourt, 2008.
Wisher, - vol 1, Ed. LeLombard, 2008.
Rumbler, Ed. De Agostini, 2008.
Dampyr, nr 100, Ed. Sergio Bonelli, 2008.
The Odissey, Ed. Sperling&Kupfer, 2010.
Dei, Ed. Ankama, 2011.
1066, Ed. Le Lombard - Comma 22, 2011.
World of Lumina, vol 1, Ed. Tatai Lab, 2015.

Awards
 2009 - Ayaaak Award as outstanding colorist of 2008, for Dylan Dog Color Fest vol 2 and Dampyr n 100.

References

External links

Living people
Italian comics artists
Italian graphic designers
Italian accountants
Comics colorists
1977 births
Artists from Venice


title: Milo Moiré

text:
Milo Moiré  (; born 7 May 1983) is a Swiss  conceptual artist and model known for her nude performances and the use of her body in her art. Moiré is known for performance art pieces including PlopEgg, The Script System No.2, and Mirror Box.

Early life and education
Moiré was born in Switzerland, of Slovak and Spanish origin. She has an art school background and a master's degree in psychology from the University of Bern in Switzerland (magna cum laude).

PlopEgg
Moiré's PlopEgg No. 1, performed at Art Cologne 2014, was a work of action painting that involved the expelling of paint filled eggs from her vagina on to a canvas, thus creating an abstract work of art. The eggs contained ink and acrylic paint. A video description of the work states "At the end of this almost meditative art birth performance the stained canvas is folded up, smoothed and unfolded to a symmetrically reflected picture, astonishingly coloured and full of [strength]." The folding of the resulting canvas created a work which has been compared to a Rorschach test and a womb. Moiré writes: "To create art, I use the original source of femininity – my vagina."

The Script System No. 2
In June 2014, for The Script System No. 2, Moiré travelled to Art Basel naked with the names of items of clothing marked on her body in paint; she was refused entry, forcing her to dress to enter the exhibition. Of The Script System, she has said "[it] is inspired by the script theory of cognitive psychology. Each of us knows these scripts (e.g. restaurant script), recurrent, stereotyped action sequences, after which we work every day. Especially early in the morning on the way to work, we work almost automatically, often without awareness of our environment. These everyday blindness I wanted to break through my performance." Moiré claims that lacking an outer shell of clothes, the human body regains its ability to communicate without the distractions of money, fashion, ideology or even time. The experience of the art viewer is also transformed with the reaction or non-reaction of the public an integral part of the performance. Her first nude performance was in 2007 and she has performed nude ever since in order to provide an authentic and unmediated experience.

In 2016 she performed naked to protest the 2015 New Year Eve sexual attacks in Germany.

Mirror Box
For the project titled Mirror Box, Moiré walked around several European cities wearing a large mirrored box which covered part of her body. Using a megaphone to attract attention, she would then invite strangers to place their hands inside the box, and fondle either her breasts or vulva for a 30-second period. The performance took place during the summer of 2016 in the cities of Düsseldorf, Amsterdam, and London. In Düsseldorf, Moiré performed with a mirror box covering her breasts. In the other two cities she used two boxes, one covering her breasts and another over her genitals. Moiré was arrested and fined during the London performance. Mirror Box pays homage to the work "Touch and Tap Cinema" by Valie Export, performed from 1968 to 1971.

Art or pornography
Moiré has deliberately placed herself on the interface between art and pornography with videos on her website described as "uncensored" that are available to view for a fee, and the naked performance of her works inviting the act of censorship by media outlets. Moiré has said that there should be no limit to art and that death is the only limit she accepts. She has cited Marina Abramović and Joseph Beuys as particular influences.

Criticism
Writing about PlopEgg in The Guardian in a piece entitled, "The artist who lays eggs with her vagina – or why performance art is so silly", Jonathan Jones commented, "And yet it's not a strong statement at all. It is absurd, gratuitous, trite and desperate. Anywhere but an art gathering, this would be regarded as a satire on modern cultural emptiness." Jess Denham in The Independent commented, "Not long ago there was Lady Gaga's 'vomit artist', but now Milo Moiré is making her look tame", adding, "the latest desperate effort to shock in the name of art."

Arrests
In 2015, Moiré was arrested by French police, and spent the night in the cells, after posing for naked "selfies" with tourists in front of the Eiffel Tower. The following year, she was arrested again in London for inviting members of the public to place their hands into a mirrored box around her body and caress her breasts or her vulva.

Personal life
Moiré is single and lives in Düsseldorf.

Selected works
The Script System No. 1, performance video, 2013.
The Split Brain, video, 2013.
The Script System No. 2, performance video, Art Basel, 2014.
PlopEgg No. 1 – A Birth of a Picture, performance work, 2014.

See also
 Pricasso
 Carolee Schneemann

References

External links
Official website

Living people
Swiss women artists
Swiss performance artists
1983 births
Abstract artists
Swiss female models
Swiss people of Slovak descent
Swiss people of Spanish descent
Swiss expatriates in Germany
21st-century Swiss artists


title: Edward Lewis Paraire

text:
Edward Lewis Paraire (1826–1882) was a British theatre and music hall architect of the Victorian era.

Career

Partnership with Finch Hill

Between 1856–70, Paraire worked with his partner Finch Hill. Together they worked on many music halls and theatres, including Weston's Music Hall (1857), the Islington Philharmonic (1860), the Oxford Music Hall (1861), the Royal Cambridge (1856, in Shoreditch), and the Britannia Theatre (1841, Hoxton) – the last of whose designs was exhibited by Paraire in 1859.

Solo work
The partnership was based in separate houses in the same street, and on its dissolution Paraire returned to designing banks, churches and public houses.

The Museum Tavern, a public house, is a Grade II listed buildings.

Death
Paraire died on 1 August 1882 at 36 Mornington Crescent, Regents Park, London, aged 56 years.

References

External links

1826 births
1882 deaths
English theatre architects
19th-century English architects


title: Art Is... The Permanent Revolution

text:
Art Is... The Permanent Revolution is a 2012 documentary film by Manfred Kirchheimer that explores how politics and the artists of the past have affected the art and process of four artists presented in documentary.  There are two strands that run in parallel through the film.  The first is a stream of politically inspired images by famous artists of the past and the second strand consist of interviews with four artists as they produce their politically inspired art.  The documentary was viewed positively by reviewers.

Synopsis
The film focuses on four American artists as they discuss politics and their creative process. As these artists talk and produce their art, interspersed are some 400 politically oriented images from some 60 artists such as Rembrandt, Honoré Daumier, George Grosz, Frans Masereel, Käthe Kollwitz, Otto Dix, and Francisco Goya.

The documentary can be characterized by two parallel lines that converge at the end. In the first line, there is a near continuous stream of images (drawings, engravings, lithographs, etchings, and woodcuts) by a large number of artists from the past matched by music that expresses their political subject matter. The second line consists of interviews with four artists as they practice their art to create a politically inspired product.  It is not until the end, when the creative products of each artist are finished that the two lines of the movie converge in the artistic processes and political perspectives that allow them to create their politically-inspired artistic products.

The four artists interviewed during the film are: Paul Marcus who is a woodcutter concerned with torture.
Sigmund Abeles who is a painter, etcher and works on a war-themed etching.
Ann Chernow who is a painter, lithographer, and creates a cemetery concerning oil and war.
James Read who is a master print maker who operates a lithography press and "who is not that different in many respects from the old-time pressmen and women who worked in the bowels of a largely dying print industry".

Critical reception
Rotten Tomatoes reported 100% of the reviewers liked the documentary. Writing for The Village Voice, Michelle Orange wrote that taken together in the film "these images, produced across centuries, form a larger, contiguous critique of who we are and what we do to one another". David Noh, writing for Film Journal International states that the "entire history of politically inspired printmaking unfolds in Manfred Kirchheimer's admirably serious, hands-on documentary".
Writing for Time Out, Andrew Schenker concludes that "Art Is... does offer up compelling portraits of practicing artists intelligently probing their status as socially conscious image makers".

References

External links
Official Website

2012 films
2010s English-language films


title: Area (graph drawing)

text:
In graph drawing, the area used by a drawing is a commonly used way of measuring its quality.

Definition
For a drawing style in which the vertices are placed on the integer lattice, the area of the drawing may be defined as the area of the smallest axis-aligned bounding box of the drawing: that is, it the product of the largest difference in x-coordinates of two vertices with the largest difference in y-coordinates. For other drawing styles, in which vertices are placed more freely, the drawing may be scaled so that the closest pair of vertices have distance one from each other, after which the area can again be defined as the area of a smallest bounding box of a drawing. Alternatively, the area can be defined as the area of the convex hull of the drawing, again after appropriate scaling.

Polynomial bounds
For straight-line drawings of planar graphs with n vertices, the optimal worst-case bound on the area of a drawing is Θ(n2). The nested triangles graph requires this much area no matter how it is embedded, and several methods are known that can draw planar graphs with at most quadratic area. Binary trees, and trees of bounded degree more generally, have drawings with linear or near-linear area, depending on the drawing style. Every outerplanar graph has a straight-line outerplanar drawing with area subquadratic in its number of vertices, If bends or crossings are allowed, then outerplanar graphs have drawings with near-linear area. However, drawing series–parallel graphs requires an area larger than n multiplied by a superpolylogarithmic factor, even if edges can be drawn as polylines.

Exponential bounds
In contrast to these polynomial bounds, some drawing styles may exhibit exponential growth in their areas, implying that these styles may be suitable only for small graphs. An example is upward planar drawing of planar directed acyclic graphs, where the area of an n-vertex drawing may be proportional to 2n in the worst case. Even plane trees may require exponential area, if they are to be drawn with straight edges that preserve a fixed cyclic order around each vertex and must be equally spaced around the vertex.

References

Area
Graph drawing


title: Gold Service Medal

text:
The Gold Service Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of the Azanian People's Liberation Army, the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress, for thirty years service.

Azanian People's Liberation Army
The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the para-military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). It was established in 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government inside South Africa. On 27 April 1994, the Azanian People's Liberation Army was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Gold Service Medal was instituted by the President of South Africa in April 1996. It is the senior award of a set of three medals for long service, along with the Silver Service Medal and the Bronze Service Medal.

The Azanian People's Liberation Army's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the South African Defence Force and these three medals are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Good Service Medal, Gold, the Good Service Medal, Silver and the Good Service Medal, Bronze.

Award criteria
The medal could be awarded to veteran cadres of the Azanian People's Liberation Army for thirty years service.

Order of wear

The position of the Gold Service Medal in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged.

Azanian People's Liberation Army

Official APLA order of precedence:
 Preceded by the South Africa Service Medal.
 Succeeded by the Silver Service Medal.

South African National Defence Force

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Long Service Medal, Gold of the Republic of Venda.
 Succeeded by the Service Medal in Gold of Umkhonto we Sizwe.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Correctional Services Medal for Faithful Service, 30 Years of the KwaZulu Homeland.
 Succeeded by the Service Medal in Gold of Umkhonto we Sizwe.

Description
Obverse
The Gold Service Medal is a silver-gilt oval medallion with a raised edge, depicting the Azanian People's Liberation Army emblem.

Reverse
The reverse is smooth and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 4 millimetres wide black band and a 2 millimetres wide yellow band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 20 millimetres wide green band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Gold Service Medal was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

References

Military decorations and medals of Azanian People's Liberation Army
Awards established in 1996
Awards disestablished in 2003
1996 establishments in South Africa
2003 disestablishments in South Africa


title: 2010 XG11

text:
is an Amor near-Earth asteroid. It was discovered on 5 December 2010 by the Catalina Sky Survey at an apparent magnitude of 19.7 using a  Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. Three precovery images are known from 1 July 1995. With an observation arc of 16 years, the orbit is well determined with an orbital uncertainty of 0. With an absolute magnitude of 20.0, the asteroid is about 270–590 meters in diameter.

With a Mars-minimum orbit intersection distance of , the asteroid currently makes closer approaches to Mars than it does Earth. On 29 July 2014 the asteroid passed  from Mars.

References

External links

Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)
20101205
Discoveries by the Catalina Sky Survey


title: Francis Chambers

text:
Francis Chambers  (26 December 1828 – 1 December 1900) was a British architect, active in London.

Chambers was born in Islington, the son of Francis Chambers, a gentleman, and his wife, Margaret Warlters. He was educated at King's College School, and was then  articled to Sydney Smirke alongside Arthur Cates and Thomas Chatfield Clarke.

Other buildings Chambers designed included the Central London District School at Hanwell; of St. Anne's Church, Norwood; of Christ Church, Norwood; and of several buildings in Guernsey, including the Market at Saint Peter Port and the Ladies' College. He also designed many mansions, schools and private houses around England, but was best known as a designer of warehouses, stores and other business premises in London.

Chambers is perhaps best known as the architect of the Dog and Duck, a Grade II listed public house at 18 Bateman Street, Soho, London, built in 1897 for Cannon Brewery. The pub is reportedly where George Orwell had a celebratory drink after Animal Farm was picked as the American Book of the Month Club.

Chambers died 1 December 1900 in Broadstairs, Kent, aged 71. The cause of death was reported as "cardiac affection" lasting several months.

His only son, Frank Job Chambers, was also an architect, who was trained by his father, then became his partner and had a long career.

References

1828 births
1900 deaths
Architects from London
19th-century English architects
People from the London Borough of Islington
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
People educated at King's College School, London


title: Michael Birkeland

text:
Michael Birkeland (16 December 183024 May 1896) was a Norwegian historian, civil servant and politician.

He was born at Eigersund in Rogaland, Norway.  In 1855, he was awarded his cand. jur. at the University of Christiania  (now University of Oslo). In 1852, he became an assistant in the National Archives of Norway (Riksarkivet). In 1863, he took over the position of national archivist.

He co-founded the Norwegian Historical Association in 1869, and edited the academic journal Historisk Tidsskrift from 1869 to 1879. He was a member of the Storting from 1880 to 1885. He was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1875.

References

External links

1830 births
1896 deaths
People from Eigersund
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian civil servants
19th-century Norwegian historians
Members of the Storting
 Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour


title: Jia Jia (singer)

text:
Auli Puruburubuane, known professionally as
Jia Jia () or Chi Chia-ying (); born on 8 January 1983), is a Taiwanese aboriginal singer and songwriter. She was born in Taitung City to a father of Bunun descent and a mother of Puyuma descent. Her uncle is Purdur, the winner of the Best Mandarin Male Singer of the 11th Golden Melody Awards. Her sister is the singer Samingad.

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Other works
Mayday 3DNA (五月天追夢3DNA電影原聲帶, 2011)
Prince of Lan Ling Original Soundtrack (兰陵王電視原聲帶, 2013): "Fate" (命運)
MAYDAY NOWHERE World Tour LiVe 2CD (诺亚方舟 世界巡回演唱会Live 2CD, 2013)
Scarlet Heart 2: Original TV Soundtrack (步步驚情電視原聲帶, 2014): "Dust"  (塵埃)

Filmography

Film

Concert tours
Headlining
Still Missing Tour (2017)

Opening act
Mayday – Life World Tour (2017)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Jiajia on B'in Music

1983 births
Living people
Taiwanese Mandopop singers
Taiwanese film actresses
People from Taitung County
Puyuma people
Bunun people
21st-century Taiwanese actresses
21st-century Taiwanese singers
Taiwanese singer-songwriters
21st-century Taiwanese women singers


title: Wilhelm Trapp

text:
Major Wilhelm Gustav Friedrich Trapp, nicknamed Papa Trapp by his subordinates, (4 September 1889 – 18 December 1948) was a German career policeman who commanded the Reserve Police Battalion 101 formation of Nazi Germany's uniformed police force known as the Order Police (Ordnungspolizei). The Battalion was the subject of Christopher Browning's Ordinary Men.

A World War I veteran, recipient of the Iron Cross First Class, and an "old Party fighter", having joined the NSDAP in December 1932, Trapp served in occupied Poland during World War II, subsequently leading his battalion of nearly 500 middle-aged men from Hamburg on genocidal missions against the Polish Jews.

He was captured after the war by the Allies and handed over to the British authorities. After investigation by the Polish Military Mission he was extradited to Poland in 1946, and charged with war crimes. Trapp was found guilty and sentenced to death by the Siedlce District Court on 6 July 1948, and executed on 18 December 1948, along with fellow officer Gustav Drewes.

Excerpts

The killing of 1,500 of the 1,800 Jews from Józefów (other names: Józefów Biłgorajski, Józefów Ordynacki, Józefów Roztoczański) located twenty miles southeast of Biłgoraj in Distrikt Lublin on 13 July 1942  was performed by German (Ordnungspolizei) policemen: the 1. Company, and, mostly, by the three platoons of the 2. Company. Trapp gave his commanders their respective assignments before the operation:

The bodies of the dead carpeting the forest floor at the Winiarczykowa Góra hill (about 2 km from the village) were left unburied. Watches, jewelry and money were taken.

The Reserve Police Battalion 101 left for Biłgoraj at 9 pm. According to one policeman, Trapp told him "Man, … such jobs don't suit me. But orders are orders." Trapp later remarked to his driver: "If this Jewish business is ever avenged on earth, then have mercy on us Germans."

Notes

References
  See also Penguin Books edition.

1889 births
1948 deaths
Executed German mass murderers
German police officers convicted of murder
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
Nazi Party members
Nazis executed by Poland by hanging
Reserve Police Battalion 101
Police officers convicted of murder


title: War of the Cow

text:
The War of the Cow (1272–78), in French Guerre de la Vache, was a conflict in the Holy Roman Empire between the Prince-Bishopric of Liège under Bishop John of Enghien and the Marquisate of Namur under Marquis Guy of Dampierre. What began as a dispute over stolen property between a peasant from one jurisdiction and a burgess from another became a major regional conflict requiring the arbitration of King Philip III of France, who ordered the restoration of the status quo ante bellum in 1278.

The cause of the war was the theft of a cow by a peasant during a jousting tournament in the city of Ciney, regional capital of Condroz. The thief, Engorant de Jalhay, was caught and ordered to pay a fine (to avoid death) and return the cow. The bailiff's men mistakenly executed the peasant anyway, and the peasant's lord demanded recompense.

The Marquis of Namur, assisted by Duke John I of Brabant and Lord Gerard of Durbuy, invaded Hesbaye; while his ally, Count Henry V of Luxembourg, devastated Condroz. When Henry came to Ciney (17 April 1276) he was met by a locally-raised army of 2,400 men—half cavalry, half infantry, according to the chroniclers—led by the mayor, Jean de Halloy, who was also the bailiff of Condroz who had punished Engorant de Jalhay. In a battle lasting from the early morning until afternoon, the outnumbered Condrusiens were defeated, leaving 500 dead on the field, including Jean de Halloy. Luxembourg had lost 1,400 killed, which led the count to remark, "Three gentlemen for a villein!" When the bishop's marshal, Robert de Forvie, arrived with reinforcements only to find Ciney besieged by the count, he retreated to Dinant with the intention of raising further reinforcements. The next day (18 April) the city was stormed and razed, its inhabitants, who had sought refuge in the church of Notre-Dame, were burnt along with it. All the chroniclers agree on the date—variously expressed as 18 April, 14th kalends of May or the feast of Saint Ursmar. The next day (19 April, Misericordia Sunday) the Duke of Brabant sacked the city of Meffe.

The next year (1277), at the battle of La Warde de Steppes, a coalition of Liègeois militias was victorious over Namur.

The story of the War is told in great detail by the Liègeois annalists Jean d'Outremeuse and Jean de Hocsem. The Annales Leodienses, Floressienses et Marchianenses on the other hand note only that Ciney (Cheneys) was burned.

In poetry
There is a rhyming chronicle of the conflict, the Chronique rimée sur la guerre de la Vâche, which begins:
Le conte de Namur et se frère ThirisLi jeune Godefroy de Lovay li marchisLe dus de Lucenbor et de Baere autresiFurent a celles jostes et mains barons jolisQui par lamour des dames la endroit fu acquis.
In 1852, the Walloon poet Charles du Vivier de Streel published La Cinéide, ou la Vache reconquise, a comic poem on the episode of 1275.

See also

 Chicken War
 Düsseldorf Cow War
 War of the Stray Dog
 Saukrieg

Notes

Sources

13th century in the Holy Roman Empire
Ciney
1270s in the Holy Roman Empire
1272 in Europe
1278 in Europe
1270s conflicts


title: Josh Duncan

text:
Josh Duncan (born May 12, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for Ryukyu Golden Kings of the Japanese B.League.

College career
After playing high school basketball at Moeller High School, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Duncan played 4 seasons of college basketball for Xavier University.

Professional career
Duncan went undrafted in the 2008 NBA draft. In July 2008, he signed his first professional contract with Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez of France.

In July 2009, he signed with Liège Basket of Belgium. With them he won the Belgian Basketball Supercup in 2009.

From 2010 to 2012 Duncan played with Maccabi Ashdod of the Israeli Basketball Super League. In June 2012, he signed with another Israeli team Hapoel Jerusalem.

On July 2, 2014, Duncan signed a two-year deal with the German team Brose Baskets. On July 7, 2015, he left Brose and returned to Hapoel Jerusalem.

On July 4, 2016, Duncan signed with Eskişehir Basket of the Turkish Basketball First League. On July 20, 2017, he re-signed with Eskişehir for one more season.

References

External links
Josh Duncan at eurobasket.com
Josh Duncan at fiba.com
Josh Duncan at realgm.com

1986 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Cincinnati
Brose Bamberg players
Chiba Jets Funabashi players
Élan Béarnais players
Eskişehir Basket players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Liège Basket players
Maccabi Ashdod B.C. players
Power forwards (basketball)
Xavier Musketeers men's basketball players


title: Alfred W. Blomfield

text:
Alfred W. Blomfield (1879-1949) was a British architect, who worked as the in-house architect for the brewer Watney Combe & Reid from 1919 to 1940.

Early life
Alfred W. Blomfield was born in 1879.

Career
In about 1931, he designed The Bedford, Balham is a Grade II listed pub at 77 Bedford Hill, Balham, London, for Watney Combe & Reid, in a "neo-Georgian manner, with Arts and Crafts and Art Deco influences".

Blomfield was the architect of The French House, a pub at 49 Dean Street, Soho, London, built in 1937.

Blomfield was the architect of the Dagenham Roundhouse, built in 1936. Nikolaus Pevsner calls it a "highly unusual design".

His other designs included The Horns, Shoreditch (now a private club), the Mitre, Holland Park, the Mail Coach, Uxbridge Road (demolished), the Angel, Edmonton (demolished), and the World Turned Upside Down, Old Kent Road (now flats), all in London, and all featured in Architectural Design and Construction (1934).

Death
Blomfield died in 1949.

References

1879 births
1949 deaths
20th-century English architects


title: Peter Bunnell

text:
Peter Curtis Bunnell (October 25, 1937 – September 20, 2021) was an American author, scholar and historian of photography. For more than 40 years he had a significant impact on collecting, exhibiting, teaching and practicing photography through his work as a university professor, museum curator and prolific author.

Early life and education
Peter Curtis Bunnell was born on October 25, 1937, in Poughkeepsie, New York.

He received an undergraduate degree from the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he studied with photographer Minor White, and an M.F.A. from Ohio University, where he studied with Clarence H. White Jr., the son of the pictorial photographer Clarence Hudson White.

Originally intending to pursue fashion photography, it was his exposure to White that drew him to reconsider photography as a vehicle for personal artistic expression. White became a mentor to Bunnell and recruited him to join the staff of Aperture Aperture (magazine), the only periodical produced for and by photographers practicing the medium as fine art. Bunnell gradually transitioned from being a photographer to studying the medium and its history, but his interest in – and friendship with – White endured until White's passing in 1976.

He then went on to receive an M.A. degree in art history from Yale University, and later became an associate in the Alfred Stieglitz Archive at the university.

Life and career

Bunnell joined the Museum of Modern Art staff in New York in 1966, on a temporary assignment to review and catalogue its collection of photographs, and in 1968 became Associate Curator of the Department of Photography. In 1970 he was named the Curator of the Department of Photography at the Museum. Two years later he was invited to teach at Princeton University and was given the position of David Hunter McAlpin Professor of the History of Photography and Modern Art. This was the first endowed professorship in the history of photography in the United States. That same year he curated a show at the museum called Photography into Sculpture, the first comprehensive survey of photographically formed images used in a sculptural manner. The show has been called "one of the great contributions to the history of photography" due to its intent to redefine photography in a new spatial concept.

From 1973 to 1978 Bunnell was also the Director of the Princeton University Art Museum, where he helped build the collection of photographic holdings into "one of the great North American teaching collections." He later served as Curator of the Minor White Archive and as Curator of Photography at Princeton University Art Museum.

In 1979 he was awarded a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for further study of the history of photography. Bunnell received a fellowship from the Asian Cultural Council in 1984 that enabled him to travel and lecture extensively in Japan. He returned briefly to Japan in 1995 as a consultant to the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo. He later taught at New York University, Dartmouth College, Yale University and the University of Florida.

Bunnell became the acknowledged expert on Minor White's work, and his 1989 book Minor White: The Eye That Shapes still stands as the most complete single source of information on the photographer.

In 2002, Bunnell retired from his post at Princeton. That same year the U.S. Postal Service issued a set of postage stamps called Masters of American Photography featuring photographers and images selected by Bunnell.

In 2011, Princeton University announced the endowment of the Peter C. Bunnell Curatorship in Photography.

In April 2019, Bunnell donated about 110 archival boxes of materials from his personal archive (Peter C. Bunnell Papers) to the Manuscripts Division of the Princeton University Library. The papers donated to the Library complemented a separate gift to the Princeton University Art Museum of more than 30 years of his correspondence and other materials relating to its Minor White and Clarence H. White archival collections.

Death
Bunnell died on September 20, 2021, in Princeton, New Jersey, following a lengthy illness. He was 83.

Collection
In April 2023 Phillips New York auctioned 38 lots entitled A REVERENCE FOR BEAUTY: THE PETER C. BUNNELL COLLECTION.  The "remarkable selection of photographs" offered the auction sale's proceeds will be distributed to six institutions with whom Bunnell was associated — Rochester Institute of Technology, Ohio University, Yale University, The George Eastman Museum, The Museum of Modern Art, and Princeton University Art Museum — to establish endowments to support the study of photographic history.

Bunnell's print of Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico (1941) was the highest-priced photograph of the auction for an above-estimate $381,000. Bunnell was gifted the large format print from Adams in August 1959 after they had become friends.

Diane Arbus's Identical Twins, Roselle, New Jersey, 1967 sold for $215,900, and a selection by Edward Steichen brought $53,340 - just shy of triple the high estimate.  Garry Winogrand's World's Fair, New York City (1964) for $40,640.  Also represented in his personal collection were works by Walker Evans, Henri Cartier-Bresson, and of course, his mentor Minor White.

Publications

Jerry N. Uelsmann: An Aperture Monograph (1970)
Barbara Morgan (1972)
Nonsilver Printing Processes: Four Selections 1886–1927 (1973)
Harry Callahan (1978)
Altered Landscapes: The Photographs of John Pfahl (1981)
Edward Weston on Photography (1983)
Clarence H. White: The Reverence for Beauty (1986)
Minor White: The Eye That Shapes (1989)
A Photographic Vision: Pictorial Photography 1889-1923 (1980)
Emmet Gowin: Photographs 1966–1983 (1983)
EW:100. Centennial Essays in Honor of Edward Weston (1986)
Light Years: The Friends of Photography 1967-1985 (1987)
Alfred Stieglitz: Photographs from the Collection of Georgia O’Keeffe (1993) ISBN
Degrees of Guidance: Essays on Twentieth-Century American Photography (1993)
Ruth Bernhard: The Collection of Ginny Williams (1993)
Photography at Princeton: Celebrating Twenty-Five Years of Collecting and Teaching the History of Photography (1998)
Edward Ranney Photographs: The John B. Elliott Collection (2003)
Michael Kenna: A Twenty Year Retrospective (2003)
Inside the Photograph: Writings on Twentieth-Century Photography (2006)
Eye Mind Spirit: The Enduring Legacy of Minor White (2009)
Walter Chappell: Eternal Impermanence (2013)

Exhibitions curated

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
Writers from Poughkeepsie, New York
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Ohio University alumni
Princeton University faculty
Historians of photography
American art curators
Directors of museums in the United States
Photography academics
Photography critics
Photography curators