title: Unified Patents

text:
Unified Patents is a member-based organization whose goal is reducing the number of non-practicing entity (NPE) assertions in specific technology areas.

Background
Instances of NPE patent litigation have grown recently: NPEs (commonly referred to as patent trolls) accounted for the majority of patent infringement litigation in the U.S. in 2012, compared to less than a quarter in 2007. This is because NPEs can achieve a quick return on investment since most companies settle rather than fight, even if they believe the assertion to be invalid.

Unified permits small and large companies alike to become members. Smaller members act as an early warning system by notifying Unified of NPE demand letters in exchange for notifying Unified if they ever plan to sell a Patent to an NPE. Unified defines discrete technology zones for members to join, including cloud storage, content delivery, or electronic payments to ensure Unified’s deterrence is focused.

Unified also directly challenges the validity of NPE patents. By filing several inter partes reviews (IPRs) against patents owned by NPEs, Unified seeks to increase the costs that NPEs face when asserting invalid patents and to deter future NPEs from doing the same thing again. Unified also publishes monthly newsletters summarizing NPE activity against small businesses and technology companies.

History

Unified Patents was founded in 2012 by Kevin Jakel and Brian Hinman. Mr. Jakel is the former head of intellectual property litigation at Intuit. Mr. Hinman formerly worked as a vice president of InterDigital. In January 2013, Unified signed its first member. Since 2012, Unified has grown to more than 60 members including NetApp and Google. Unified Patents filed its first IPR against Clouding IP's patent 6,738,799. Since then Unified has filed several IPRs against patent trolls (e.g. against PersonalWeb regarding patent 5,978,791). In June and July 2016 Unified filed IPRs on patents belonging to the three most litigious NPEs of 2016: Uniloc, Sportbrain Holdings, and Shipping & Transit LLC, who together sued more than 200 companies in 2016.

Business

Unified Patents seeks to deter patent trolls from asserting poor quality patents in certain technology zones through a number of strategies. Unified collects annual fees from its members to fund its activities. Small companies are not charged by Unified. Unified assesses the risk posed by NPEs by monitoring NPE assertions. This information is used to challenge NPE owned patents. Some of Unified IPRs have already ended in settlement. Unified Patents does not pay for purchasing or licensing patents from patent trolls or NPEs.

References

Patent law firms


title: Changqing Huayuan station

text:
Changqing Huayuan Station (), is an interchange station and Line 2 and Line 6 of Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2012. It is located in Dongxihu District.

Station layout

Gallery

References

Wuhan Metro stations
Line 2, Wuhan Metro
Line 6, Wuhan Metro
Railway stations in China opened in 2012


title: Kapitan Arab

text:
Kapitan Arab or Kapten Arab (Captain of the Arabs; ; ) or Head of The Arabs (; ) is a position in the colonial Dutch East Indies appointed with the task of leading the ethnic Arab-Indonesians, who usually lived in concentrated clearly defined-living areas (Kampung Arab). The role was to provide liaison  between his community and the government, to provide statistical information to The Dutch East Indies government on issues related to Arabs, to disseminate government regulations and decrees, and to ensure the maintenance of law and order.

History

In Batavia, The Arabs, according to Van den Berg, settled in an area called Pekojan. Pekojan is from Indonesian word Pe-Koja-an, which means The Koja, a term for Muslim people of Gujarat, India. While Koja itself is from word Khoja. Until the end of the 18th century, the area was mostly dominated by  Khoja Gujarati settlers until 19th century. When Van den Berg did the study (1884-1886), there were no more Gujarati. At that time the majority of the settlers were Arabs and a handful of Chinese. Since about the 1970s, the Arabs are the minority and the Chinese turned into majority. He described Pekojan as a slum and dirty area. Approximately one and half century ago, the Arabs also had moved and lived in the suburbs (now Central Jakarta), such as Krukut and Tanah Abang areas.

The Dutch East Indies colonial had a constitutional law recognized three categories of individuals in Batavia (and then later applied to other places): Europeans (dutch: Europeanen), Foreign Oriental (Vreemde Oosterlingen), and natives (Inlanders). As more and more immigrants immigrated from Hadramaut, The Dutch government started a law called wijkenstelsel in 1844 to segregate them from the rest of indigenous people.  As result, the government required a head of the group, called Kapitan Arab, to be pointed from among the Arab community as  a point of contact and liaison. The similar position was appointed for Kapitan Cina to Chinese.  More than half of the Kapitan Arab appointed by the colonial government were non Sayyid people.  This decision was made to undermine traditional Hadhrami assumption about their social status. The head sometimes is accompanied  with an assistant called  Luitenant van de Kapitein der Arabieren or simply Luitenant der Arabieren.

The first Kapitein der Arabieren pointed by the Dutch East Indies government in Batavia was Said Naum during period of 1844-1864. He was succeeded by Muhammad bin Abubakar  'Aydid  for period of 1864-1877. Among other Arabs who had the position in Batavia was Hasan Argoubi, Muhammad Umar Ba-Behir () and Umar bin Yusuf Mangus () during the period of 1902-1931.

Umar Mangus was a rich merchant and had property business.  For his service as the Kapitan Arab, Umar was awarded the title De Ridder in de Orde van Oranje-Nassau (Knight of The Order of Orange-Nassau). He was appointed on December 28, 1902 with Sheikh Ali bin Abdoellah bin Asir as his Luitenant der Arabieren.

Before Umar Mangus was appointed as a Kapitan Arab, most Arabs had decided to choose Sharif Abdullah ibn Husein Alaydrus, a rich merchant, famous for his generosity and had good behavior as well as prominent among the Arabs and the Europeans. Many people think that with his close relationship with Europeans, he would be willing to accept the Arab captaincy. The colonial government constantly urged him to accept the position, but he firmly rejected it. He wasn't alone in refusing, as this refusal had the support of respected Arab elders.

According to Snouck Hurgronje who observed in 1901, the Dutch colonial government had more difficulty appoint Kapitein der Arabieren as more and more indies-born Arabs (Muwallad) born who lacked authority compared to the pure-blood Hadramis (Wulayti) whose number diminished.

In Cirebon, there was an Arab Indonesian appointed as a captain in 1845. As in Batavia, the Arab village here was once the abode of the Gujarati or likely of the Bengali too. In 1872 the colony in Indramayu separated from Cirebon to appoint a captain (or head) of Arabs.  In Banjarmasin in around 1899, the Kapitan Arab was Said Hasan bin Idroes al-Habshi or more known as Habib Ujung Murung.  The successor of Said Hasan as the Kapitein in South Kalimantan was Alwi bin Abdullah al-Habshi, who later moved to Barabai.

Similarly, in Tegal, Pekalongan, Semarang, Surabaya, Gresik, Pasuruan, Bangil, Lumajang, Besuki, Banyuwangi, Surakarta, Sumenep, and various places in the archipelago had their own Kapitan Arab. One of the reasons the colonial government did this was to segregate Arabs from the indigenous people. In Pekalongan, one of the Captains was Hasan Saleh Argubi. In Bangil, the Kapitan Arab were Saleh bin Muhammad bin Said Sabaja (1892), Muhammad bin Saleh Sabaja (1920), and Muhammad bin Salim Nabhan (1930). In Banyuwangi, some Kapitan Arab who were in positions, among others, was Datuk Sulaiman Bauzir, Datuk Dahnan, Habib Assegaf, and Ahmad Haddad.  In Pasuruan, the Kapitein  der Arabieren was a Sayyid named Alim al-Qadri, which is the grandfather of Hamid Algadri.

In Gresik, the Kapitan Arab in 1930's was Husein bin Muhammad Shahab while Kapitan Arab of Surabaya was Salim bin Awab bin Sungkar, who had large land () in the City Center of Surabaya, West Ketabang.

According to two Baháʼí travelers from Iran and India who visited Makasar in 1885, the Iranian Baháʼí Sulayman Khan Tunukabanı, known as Jamal Effendi, and his Indian-Iraqi friend Sayyid Mustafa Rumı, the Kapitein der Arabieren in Makasar at the time was Said Ali Matard.

In Palembang, most of the Kapitein der Arabieren, if not all, lived in 13-Ulu subdistrict ("Seberang Ulu or "upstream bank" of the Musi river).  There is no known records of who was the first Captain, but the last one was Ahmad Al Munawar (d. 1970), better known as Ayip Kecik (Little Sayyid) or Yipcik.

See also
Kapitan China
Arab Indonesian

References

Kapitan Arab
Arab diaspora in Indonesia
Dutch colonial governors and administrators
Ethnic groups in Indonesia
Hadhrami people


title: Gerner G II R

text:
The Gerner G II or Adler-Gerner G II was a German steel framed, low power biplane, intended both for sports and training in the early 1930. Over fifty were built for clubs and private owners.

Design and development
Max Gerner's G II
R sport, touring and training biplane was a development of his one-off G I.  The two types had low cost, easily repaired structures built from proprietary steel tubing and  unswept, constant chord wings with two truss braced spars; both had lattice girder fuselages and were largely fabric covered. Both also had open, tandem cockpits, fixed undercarriages and a single engine. However, the G II R was larger, heavier and had a choice of engines which typically doubled the power. The fuselage was lengthened, mostly by increased cockpit separation, strengthened with diagonal cross members between the longerons, which placed the rear cockpit behind, rather than over, the trailing edge.  These changes raised the weight by 25% and so wing area was increased by extending the span by 20%. The G II
R retained the N-form interplane and cabane struts of the G I, though the former no longer leaned outwards and the upper wing was somewhat higher over the fuselage. It had two extra inter-spar trusses (six rather than four) in its lower wing, which alone carried ailerons. A newly patented method cramped, rather than welded, trusses and spars together. The  G II R was easier to transport as it wings could be folded parallel to its fuselage despite the move of the fuel reservoir from behind the engine firewall to the top of the upper wings, for it now consisted of two side-by-side tanks, one on each wing.

G II Rs were powered by several different engines, some radial engines and some inverted inlines, but the prototype first flew with a  Salmson 9 AD, a small, nine cylinder radial. Later this first example flew with a  five cylinder BMW X. The Salmson was installed with its cylinder heads completely exposed but the wider spaced heads of the BMW protruded from a rounded cowling.  The G-II  RB and RC production aircraft had four cylinder Hirth HM 60 inverted inlines, producing , or the  Hirth 60 R racing version.  Behind the nose the G I and G II R fuselages were similar, with flat sides and rounded tops, apart from the increased inter-cockpit spacing.  The G I and G II RB empennages also shared the same constant chord surfaces with semicircular tips. Early G II Rs had the same single axle main undercarriage and tailskid as on the G I but this was altered on from the G II RB onwards to one where each main wheel was mounted on a V-form strut mounted on the central lower fuselage, with a bungee shock absorber from the stub axle to the upper longeron. The tailskid was replaced with a small wheel on a sprung strut.

Early in 1934 responsibility for the Gerner II R was taken over by Adler Werke, who produced cars and motorcycles; they retained Max Gerner as designer.

Investigations into two serious accidents in 1933 and 1934 concluded that the G II R's deep, over-wing fuel tank could blank airflow over the tail and cause loss of control. The result was the G II RC, which had a shallower tank and revised tapered and broadened tail surfaces. Its elevators were fitted with trim tabs.  The new tank moved the centre of gravity significantly rearwards and to compensate the wings were swept back at about 8° and broadened ailerons fitted.

Operational history

The second G II R, the first production example, appeared at the Düsseldorf contest in 1931.  Though it did not compete, it flew part of the course. The design gained aristocratic support from Hermann-Otto Graf zu Solms aus Lich. Over the next few years he bought four G II R variants and flew them competitively.  Four G II Rs were entered in the 1933 Deutschland Flug () though only two, including his, competed. In 1934 two more G II Rs took part and Solms, with his navigator W.H. Storp, won. The two machines returned for the 1935 contest. The following year he was flying a G II
RC in Olympic flights and in Belgium.

In September 1934 a G II
RC visited the UK at Lympne in an international competition.

Flights like these attracted notice and the Gerner aircraft looked to sell well with clubs, justifying Adler Werke's investment. In the end only 53 production machines were completed, the majority G II RBs. Sales of the C variant were disappointing; the accidents may have played a part but there was also a move in the now nationally organised flying clubs towards aircraft with rather more powerful engines.

Variants
Gerner G II R Single prototype with Salmson 9 Ad and BMW X radial engines.
Gerner G II RB Hirth HM 60 or Hirth HM 60R engine. 40 built.
Adler-Gerner G II RC Revised tank, swept wings, new undercarriage and empennage. 13 built.

Specifications (G II RC)

See also

References

1930s German sport aircraft
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1931


The National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company (formerly the Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company) is an English professional repertory company that performs Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy operas.  Founded in 1995 to perform at the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival, the company generally stages three or four productions each summer, giving up to 16 performances in Harrogate, North Yorkshire, and also touring.

The company performs full-scale productions of the Gilbert and Sullivan works, with orchestra, using period settings and costumes. Since 2010, in addition to its performances at the festival, the company has generally performed one or more of its productions in an additional venue either before or after the festival. Since 2014, it has toured some of its productions to multiple British cities in repertory, giving up to 42 performances on tour.

Background
The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performed Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy Operas continuously, year-round, for over a century, closing in 1982. Until the Gilbert and Sullivan copyrights expired in 1961, no other professional theatre or opera companies were allowed to present the Savoy Operas in Britain, although professional companies performed the operas in North America, Australia and elsewhere, and numerous amateur Gilbert and Sullivan companies performed around the world. After 1961 other professional groups began to perform the operas in Britain.

In 1994, the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival was founded by Ian and his son Neil Smith partly to fill the gap left by the closure of D'Oyly Carte, and it has been held every August since then in England (except 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic). On most weeknights, the festival features a competition among amateur companies from all over the world. On weekends, however, the festival offers professional performances given by companies such as the Carl Rosa Opera Company, Opera della Luna, the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players, Charles Court Opera, and the festival's own National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company.

History and description

Productions at the Gilbert and Sullivan Festival

In 1995, the operators of the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival formed an opera company to provide festivalgoers with professional productions of the Savoy operas. The company was soon called the Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company. It engaged such performers as Richard Suart, Simon Butteriss, Bruce Graham, Gillian Knight, Barry Clark, Michael Rayner, Jill Pert, Gareth Jones, Patricia Leonard, Donald Maxwell, Oliver White, Rebecca Bottone, Ian Belsey and the Opera Babes. John Owen Edwards, David Russell Hulme, David Steadman or Andrew Nicklin, among others, have served as music directors for the company. In 2014, the festival registered the company with Companies House as the National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company.

The company's performances are accompanied by the festival's National Festival Orchestra. It generally presents four productions each year at the festival, and the festival sells videos of most of its productions. In 2018, in connection with the 25th anniversary of the International G&S Festival, the company presented six productions in Harrogate, Buxton and on tour.

Uniquely among professional companies in Britain, other than D'Oyly Carte, the National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company has presented all 13 of the extant Savoy Operas. The company first performed Utopia, Limited in 2011, an opera that has rarely been given a professional staging in Britain over the past century. In 2012 the company mounted the first full-scale professional production of The Grand Duke in Britain since the 19th century, which was one of its four productions that year. Since 2013, the company has given up to 16 performances over the course of the festival at its new home in Harrogate, England. In 2018, the company presented the first professional, fully staged production of Haddon Hall since the 19th century. The company revived Utopia, Limited in 2022, directed by Jeff Clarke and conducted by John Andrews.

Performances outside the festival
In August and September 2010, the G&S Opera Company presented its first production outside of the festival, The Yeomen of the Guard, at Oxford Castle. Two of its 2012 productions were repeated in Harrogate late in August, and all three of its 2013 productions transferred there in late August. The company toured three of its 2014 productions in repertory from June to August 2014, giving seven performances in each of six cities. Since 2015, besides Harrogate, the company has toured its productions to several cities and towns in the UK, including the Festival's previous home, Buxton. After postponing touring during the COVID-19 pandemic, the company resumed touring in 2022.

Reception

Sky Arts called the Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company's performers "some of the UK's finest exponents of musical theatre". A review of the company's 2010 production of Iolanthe, noted, "The music was up to [the festival's] usual high standard, with the orchestra ... giving a superb and sprightly reading of the Overture and score throughout." Another reviewer of that production commented: With a reputation for strong casts [and] energetic delivery, traditionally fresh interpretations are brought to [the] roles. ...  Care is always taken with the staging and lighting of these ... productions and, as with Princess Ida last year, they can match a West End show. ...  Throughout, the chorus was outstanding. The Daily Telegraph "thoroughly enjoyed [the company's] spirited production" of Utopia, Limited in 2011. A reviewer said of their 2013 production of Princess Ida, "the performance sparkled; singing, acting, costumes, dramatic flow and orchestral playing were all splendid".

A review of the company's 2014 tour praised the direction, choreography and conducting of The Pirates of Penzance and continued: "They are a real find with strong production values, a great orchestra and first class singing. ... It all looks marvellous with picture book settings and eye catching costumes plus a full and energetic cast. ... The chorus work is top notch, and they all come across as individuals." The Birmingham Mail liked the cast, costumes and "infectious" humour of the company's Iolanthe and called its production of The Mikado "superb", praising the principal cast, chorus and orchestra, but was disappointed in "the decision to make the Mikado ... a fun figure rather than a scary ruler." The company's Iolanthe made a Gilbert and Sullivan fan out of a sceptical reviewer. The Daily Express reviewer said that the company provided "glorious musical entertainment". The Northern Echo reviewed the 2015 tour, stating: "This company is so polished, so well-versed in the eccentricities of Gilbert and Sullivan operettas, with excellent singing voices coupled with clear diction ... and comedic skill. ... [A] tuneful, jolly, laugh-out-loud evening’s entertainment. The Manchester Evening News gave the company four out of five stars, admiring its musical and comic polish, dancing and "magnificent" chorus.

In 2017, a reviewer praised the principals and chorus of the company's Mikado production, commenting: "This is giggle-making, girth-busting comic opera at  very best. Sensational singing with sumptuous scenery." A review of their Princess Ida was likewise effusive. The company's 2019 production of The Gondoliers earned a rave review that praised the principal cast and noted:
 ... a noticeably fresh and warm chorus sound, tighter and better blended than I’ve heard from the NGSOC before. The choreography (by Mary MacDonagh) is energetic and inventive, and the orchestra, too, sounds smart, full and generally on point. ... [C]onductor Timothy Burke set out as he meant to continue, with considerable energy and finesse. ... [With director John] Savournin’s eye for comic detail ... it’s a lively, funny show, with heart and voice both exactly where they should be.

Post-COVID-19 pandemic, the company earned praise for the direction, conducting and performances in its 2022 revival of Utopia, Liimited.

Recordings
Recordings of the company's productions are sold by the Festival on DVD. Some of the productions are also available on CD.

Notes

References

External links
Official website

British opera companies
Gilbert and Sullivan performing groups
1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
Touring theatre


title: Edward Holland (MP)

text:
Edward Holland (12 February 1806 – 5 January 1875) was a British Liberal Party politician from Worcestershire.

He was elected at the 1835 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) Member of Parliament for East Worcestershire, but was defeated at the 1837 election.
He returned to the House of Commons after an 18-year absence when he was elected at a by-election in July 1855 as an MP for the borough of Evesham. He held that seat until he stood down at the 1868 general election, when the borough's representation was reduced to one seat.

He lived in the Vale of Evesham and ran a model farm at Dumbleton in Gloucestershire. He was at various points a president of the Royal Agricultural Society, a High Sheriff of Worcestershire and a deputy lieutenant of Gloucestershire.

References

External links

1806 births
1875 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
High Sheriffs of Worcestershire
Deputy Lieutenants of Gloucestershire


title: Tommy Thompson (soccer)

text:
Thomas Palmer Thompson (born August 15, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a right-back for Major League Soccer club San Jose Earthquakes.

Career
Thompson played one year of college soccer at Indiana University where he scored five goals and one assist in 12 matches and was named Big Ten Freshman of the Year in 2013, before signing a Homegrown Player contract with San Jose Earthquakes on March 14, 2014.

Thompson made his professional debut on June 7, 2014 as an 89th-minute substitute in a 0–1 loss to Toronto FC.

On June 26, 2014, Thompson signed on loan with San Jose's USL Pro affiliate club Sacramento Republic FC.

Thompson recorded his first MLS assist in a 1–1 draw against Orlando City SC on May 17, 2017, coming off the bench in the 82nd minute to assist Chris Wondolowski's game-tying goal in the 83rd minute.

He scored his first MLS goal on July 4, 2017, in the 2nd minute of a 4–2 loss to Atlanta United FC at Bobby Dodd Stadium. Thompson's first goal came after making 64 MLS appearances over four years and logging 2,633 league minutes. On August 7, he was named to the MLS Team of the Week after recording his third assist of the season in the Earthquakes' 2–1 victory over Columbus Crew SC on August 5. He was announced as a nominee for the MLS Humanitarian of the Year Award on October 14, 2017. On October 22 he received San Jose's club award for Humanitarian of the Year after leading a number of youth clinics in the area and for actively aiding relief efforts in the wake of the 2017 California floods.

Personal
Tommy's older brother is fellow soccer player Tanner, who played for Indy Eleven in the North American Soccer League. His father is American former professional soccer player Gregg Thompson.

Statistics

Gallery

Honors
Sacramento Republic
USL Cup: 2014

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
Men's association football forwards
Indiana Hoosiers men's soccer players
Major League Soccer players
Sportspeople from Placer County, California
Reno 1868 FC players
Sacramento Republic FC players
San Jose Earthquakes players
Soccer players from California
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
USL Championship players
Soccer players from Illinois
Homegrown Players (MLS)


title: List of Oricon number-one singles of 1967

text:
The highest-selling singles in Japan are ranked in the Oricon Singles Chart, which is published by Oricon Style magazine. The data are compiled by Oricon based on each singles' physical sales. This list includes the singles that reached the number one place on that chart in 1967.

Oricon Weekly Singles Chart

References

1967 in Japanese music
Japan Oricon
Oricon 1967


title: List of indoor arenas in Hungary

text:
The following is a list of indoor arenas in Hungary, ordered by capacity. Halls with a capacity of at least  people are listed.

Arenas in use

Projects

See also
 List of indoor arenas in Europe
 List of indoor arenas by capacity

References

Indoor arenas in Hungary
Hungary
Indoor arenas


title: Kanu Desai

text:
Kanu Desai, born Kanhaiyalal Hukumatrai Desai, (12 March 1907 – 9 December 1980) was an Indian artist and art director. He contributed to decorative art, drew and designed sets for films, and illustrated several books written by Mahatma Gandhi.

Life

Kanu Desai was born in Bharuch, Bombay Presidency, in 1907. Later his family shifted to his maternal uncle's home in Ahmedabad. In 1920, he volunteered at Indian National Congress session in Ahmedabad addressed by Mahatma Gandhi. He joined Ravishankar Raval to learn art in 1922. He was sent to Shantiniketan to study under Nandalal Bose in 1925 through the scholarship of Gujarat Vidyapith. He was thus influenced by Bose and Rabindranath Tagore. In 1930, he joined Gandhi in Dandi March during which he drew many paintings which recorded the event. Later he started drawing silhouette paintings. In 1937, he participated to decorate INC session at Haripura. His drawings published as romantic albums under Jeevan Mangal and Nritya Manjari titles. After designing coverpages of books, he started designing sets for films in Mumbai. He made plaster casts for the sets in Ram Rajya (1945). He worked as an art director for several films including Baiju Bawra, Navrang, Bharat Milap, Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje. He died in 1980.

Awards
He received Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, the highest award in Gujarati culture, in 1938. He was also awarded Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction in 1957 for Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje. In 1965, he received Gujarat Gaurav Puraskar from Gujarat State Lalit Kala Academy.

References

External links

 Shrungarika (1945)
 Rang Lahari (1941)

1907 births
1980 deaths
Indian art directors
People from Bharuch district
20th-century Indian painters
Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak
Painters from Gujarat


title: Shiva Shrestha (footballer)

text:
Shiva Shrestha (; born 18 March 1992) is a Nepali professional footballer. He plays for Manang Marshyangdi Club in Nepal National League as a midfielder. He was called to Nepali internationals at the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

Club career
Shiva Shrestha is a Nepalese midfielder who was born in Pokhara.  After graduating from ANFA Academy, he soon joined the Nepalese powerhouse the Manang Marshyangdi Club and plays with the number eight.

On 20 September 2014 Shrestha  scored the equalizing goal in an AFC President's Cup match against Air Force SC. Manang Marshyangdi though went on to win the match 2-1.

On 17 October 2014 Shrestha was named as stand in captain for MMC in a match against Indian Army XI at the Governor's Gold Cup. Shrestha scored the second goal in a 2-0 victory, taking a pass from Deepak Rai in the second half. In the second stage at the semi-finals Shrestha scored one of two goals in extra time to hand MMC a 3-1 victory over Sikkim FA. MMC lost in the final to ONGC F.C. on penalty kicks.

In the opening match of the 2014–15 Martyr's Memorial A-Division League Shrestha scored the second goal in MMC's 3-0 victory over  Far Western FC.

In the group stage match of the 2014 Aaha! Rara Gold Cup Shrestha opened the scoring in the seventh minute in an eventual 7-0 win over Kanchanjunga FC of Sikkim, India.

Despite being 5 feet 7 inches tall Shrestha has scored 15 domestic goals for MMC. He however has never scored for his country.

International career
Shrestha has so far played 4 international matches with Nepal's Senor Team, including three world cup qualifiers. Shrestha played the two legs against Timor-Leste but after Nepals 9-0 loss to Jordan, he quit the senior national team.

Shrestha still has played a crucial role in Nepal U-23 team especially in the AFC U-22 qualifiers.

Personal life
Shrestha initially considered quitting football and pursuing a career as a Gurkha in the British Army after Nepal's humiliating 9-0 loss to Jordan in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. However the change of profession never materialized and Shrestha returned to football a few months later.

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
People from Pokhara
Men's association football midfielders
Nepalese men's footballers
Nepal men's international footballers
Manang Marshyangdi Club players


title: Frederick Taylor (cricketer)

text:
Frederick Taylor (29 April 1916 – 18 June 1999) was an English cricketer active in the late 1930s, late 1940s and early 1950s. Born at Leek, Staffordshire, Taylor was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler who made two appearances in first-class cricket, though was mostly associated with minor counties cricket.

Career
Taylor made his debut in county cricket for Staffordshire in the 1937 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland, making ten appearances in that season. He made three appearances for Staffordshire in 1938, before playing a first-class match for Warwickshire against Cambridge University, although he took three wickets in the match, this was to be his only appearance for the county.

Following the end of the Second World War, Taylor resumed his minor counties career with Staffordshire, playing intermittently until 1951, making a total of 29 Minor Counties Championship appearances since 1937 and taking 124 wickets for the county, including 8 five wicket hauls in the minor counties championship. His best season came in 1946, when he took 37 wickets in his eight matches. Despite having not played minor counties cricket since 1951, Taylor was selected to play for a combined Minor Counties cricket team in 1953 against the touring Australians, taking a five wicket haul in the Australians' first-innings on a pitch which was described by Wisden as one which "left much to be desired for a game of such importance", and showed uneven bounce from Taylor's medium pace.

He died  at Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire on 18 June 1999. His father Charles Taylor also played first-class cricket.

References

External links
Frederick Taylor at ESPNcricinfo
Frederick Taylor at CricketArchive

1916 births
1999 deaths
Sportspeople from Leek, Staffordshire
English cricketers
Staffordshire cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Minor Counties cricketers
Cricketers from Staffordshire


The 1996–97 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1996–97 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Fran Fraschilla in his first year at the school after replacing Brian Mahoney. St. John's home games are played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference.

Off season

Departures

Class of 1996 signees

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;"| Big East tournament

References

St. John's Red Storm men's basketball seasons
St. John's
St John
St John


title: Changgang Road station

text:
Changgang Road Station (), is a station of Line 2 of Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2012. It is located in Jianghan District. The old name is Jinse Yayuan Station.

Station layout

References

Wuhan Metro stations
Line 2, Wuhan Metro
Railway stations in China opened in 2012


title: Tallava

text:
Tallava or Talava is a music genre originating from Albanian-speaking communities in Kosovo as well as in North Macedonia, with a presence in Albania. Having originated in the Roma community in Kosovo in the 1990s, it evokes regional Balkan musical styles (e.g., microtones, vocal glissando, and certain musical instruments) and has become popular in Albania and North Macedonia. It is identified as part of the wider Pop-folk genre of the Southeastern Europe, which includes Chalga from Bulgaria, Skiladiko from Greece, Manele from Romania and Turbo-folk from Serbia.

History
Tallava originated in the 1980s and 1990s within the Albanian-speaking areas of Kosovo region, created by the Ashkali (Romani) ethnic minority community. The name is derived from Romani tel o vas, meaning "under the hand", referring to the Chochek dance where the hands are waved delicately. Kosovo Albanian refugees of the Kosovo War in North Macedonia had brought their music with them, including Tallava. It has since also been adopted by the non-Albanian-speaking Roma in North Macedonia.

Identity and reputation
Tallava occupies an ambivalent place in popular consciousness; it is both celebrated and vilified by the wider Albanian community. In the minds of many, its Ashkali origins imbue it with a lower-class connotation, and it is often disparaged. However, tallava is extremely popular and considered by many necessary for any party, especially a wedding. Kosovo Roma musician Bajram Kafu Kinolli suggests that it is simple racism that gave tallava its low status: “Bearing in mind that it was the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians who mostly cultivated tallava and that they are in a crisis in regard to presenting their culture… some people label it as a degradation, especially today when the word ‘tallava’ is a dirty, filthy, and degrading term for anything in Kosovo.”

Style and attributes
Initially, tallava music was performed in cafes, and the def, a kind of tambourine, predominated. In the 1990s, other instruments like drums, bass guitar, guitar, accordion and clarinet were incorporated. Kafu Kinolli sees tallava as distinct from the wider turbo-folk umbrella genre in that whereas a turbo-folk song has a linear structure (e.g., verse-chorus-verse-chorus), tallava songs are longer, more improvisational, and without a definitive structure. However, this improvisational character leads other musicologists, such as Astrit Stafai, to believe that tallava does not constitute a genre in and of itself: “... tallava is an improvisation of a certain moment, for example at a family-related or personal occasion. Tallava has neither a musical form nor development. It just doesn't have the proper concept to be a musical style”.

Popular singers

Albania
Lel Syziu
 Muharrem Ahmeti
 Marseli
 Altin Shira
 Sinan Hoxha
 Seldi Qualliu
 Mandi Nishtulla
 Vani Gjuzi
 Pandora
 Xhavit Dedej

Kosovo and Macedonia
 Daim Lala
 Meda
 Mentor Kurtishi
 Bekim Dehari
 Zyber Avdiu
 Gazmend Rama (Gazi)
 Duli
 Sefë Duraj
 Adem Mehmeti
 Leonora Bahiti
 Shkurte Gashi
 Teuta Selimi
 Avdyl Mziu
 Muhamet Sejdiu
 Linda
 Ylli
 Buqe Rama
 Besim Mahmuti
 Memi
 Antigona Sejdiu
 Amtigona Rrustolli
 Ganimete Asllani
 Adem Ramadani
 Syne Loshi
 Leta (Tallava Music)
 Aferdita Demaku

See also
Music of Kosovo
Music of Albania
Pop-folk

References

Sources

Refleksion sociologjik mbi kiçin e muzikës tallava

Albanian styles of music
Kosovan music
Pop music genres
Balkan music
Folk music genres


title: The Pawnshop No. 8

text:
The Pawnshop No. 8 (also known as Pawnshop #8) is a 2003 Taiwanese television series focusing on two characters who share ownership on a pawnshop.  The supernatural-tinged show airs on ImaginAsian in the United States. Critically acclaimed and well received in numerous Asian countries, especially Mainland China, The Pawnshop No. 8 blends elements of Western religions such as Christianity excellently with pre-modern and modern Chinese society.

The main theme of The Pawnshop No. 8 is that of love, with the main background of the eternal conflict between Heaven and Hell, good and evil, God and Satan. After being bested by the Creator and his unfallen angels countless eons past, Satan, now banished from Paradise and desperate for vengeance, devised a pawnshop to lure mainly Chinese customers, seeking to capture all of humanity's souls for Darkness to reign supreme, coercing random humans whose souls were bent towards his own and whom could perceive his presence to serve as his minions, the owner of the pawnshop and their assistant. To counter Satan's nefarious strategies, God sent angels in the forms of humans, to help the targeted humans brave through the temptations of Satan and use their own power and will to defeat the Enemy's lure. However, the human force of love turns both God and Satan's plans to both good and ill and complicates the structure of the Great Game much more than expected...

Premise
A man is torn from his family, forced to serve as the slave of a dark master to guarantee the safe future of his family, forced to collect humanity's souls under the guise of a "pawnshop owner" to further the designs of the devil by making business-like bargains and exchanges with him, for almost anything, from material items ranging from watches to rings to emotion, memory, and even one's eternal soul. The man was granted supernatural abilities by his dark master, including immortal life to more adequately serve the devil, and allowed the company of a pawnshop assistant, all in exchange for an eternity's service to Satan. As a last gift to his wife, the man exchanged his own love, his very ability to love, for his wife to have a lifetime of happiness without him.

Allowed by his master (the devil) to claim one mortal as a companion in the Pawnshop No. 8, as his pawnshop "assistant", aiding him in his bargains and deals with customers, for the rest of eternity, the pawnshop owner initially chose a beautiful and fair woman, offering her freedom from her restricted life as a servant, but another woman, jealous, spiteful and vengeful from a twisted past of sorrow, poverty, and anguish, who Hanuo once sheltered and fed, kills her, and the pawnshop owner instead chooses her: Ajing.

Plot

The story begins with an ancient legend: those who locate the Pawnshop No. 8 will receive anything they desire, as long as they are willing to pay the price. In reality, the Pawnshop No. 8 is a scheme set forth by Dark Shadow, the master of darkness. He uses humanity's endless greed and desire to lure them into transactions, with the ultimate goal of collecting their soul, thereby ruling the world. The shop owner is hand-selected by Dark Shadow. This chosen individual is granted eternal life, the power to predict the future, and all the wealth he will ever need. But what he cannot do is take pawned items for personal use or otherwise betray his master.

During the Ming Dynasty, the pawnshop owner decides to secretly use a client's brain to save his mentally disabled lover. However, Dark Shadow soon finds out, takes back the pawned item, and destroys his disloyal servant by fire. Without an owner to manage the shop, the name of Pawnshop No. 8 temporarily disappears from the world. Dark Shadow then begins his quest for a new owner to continue his dream of world conquest.

Years later, as the Qing Dynasty draws to an end, a salesman's son named Han Nuo happily marries the love of his life, with whom he soon has a son named Han Lei. Unknowingly, he is chosen to become the next owner of the pawnshop. Dark Shadow takes possession of Han Lei's body and begins to threaten Han Nuo by harming his family members one by one. And he will continue to do so if Han Nuo does not agree to devote his eternal life to the pawnshop. Although Han Nuo is hesitant at first, he is finally persuaded when his beloved wife steps into a blazing fire, badly burning her entire body. To save his family, he agrees to manage the pawnshop and also pawns his ability to love for all of eternity in exchange for his wife's one lifetime of happiness.

Thus begins Han Nuo's life as the devil's minion, along with his assistant Chen Jing (known as A-Jing). As a servant of darkness, he is obliged to direct lost souls to Pawnshop No. 8, enticing them again and again, bringing them closer and closer to darkness until they one day willingly part with their soul. As a human being, he is disgusted with some individuals' willingness to exchange priceless items like romantic love, family love, and friendship for success and monetary benefits. He is even more revolted at his responsibility to lure the purest of souls (for they are the most valuable) to Pawnshop No. 8. In appearance, Han Nuo is cold and heartless, but in reality, he is a compassionate human being tormented by loneliness and inexplicable desires. Will he be able to set himself free? How much is he willing to sacrifice?

Did God not hear your plea? What else do you want? To satisfy your desires, what price are you willing to pay? The Pawnshop No. 8 will accept anything, including your soul...

Production

The Pawnshop No. 8 is an adaptation of a novel by Hong-Kong writer . Principal photography began on May 13, 2003 without its star, Alex To; his arrival in Taiwan from his home in Hong Kong was delayed due to quarantine measures of the then-ongoing SARS outbreak.

Reception

Wu Qizong, writing for the Min Sheng Bao, remarked that Alex To's and 's roles were challenging, as the same actors had to play the same character from age twenty to their seventies.

Cast

References

External links
Official Website
ImaginAsian page

2003 Taiwanese television series debuts
Television shows about reincarnation
2003 Taiwanese television series endings
Television shows written by Ding-yu Xie
2000s supernatural television series


title: Kerch (fortress)

text:
Kerch Fortress (Fort Totleben) is a fortress in eastern Crimea, located on Cape Ak-Burun (English: White Cape) at the narrowest point of the Kerch Strait. Built in the 19th century, the fortress was originally intended to protect the southern border of the Russian Empire.

History
The first fortress in the Kerch Strait was built in 1771. The first battery was built at the cape and later named Pavlovskij. Subsequently, the fort was rebuilt several times and armed.[ During the Crimean War, the battery was equipped with 20 guns. The Treaty of Paris proclaimed the Black Sea as neutral zone and forbade Russia from placing their fleet or military ports in the area. However, the treaty allowed for the fortification of the Kerch Strait. In April 1856, Kerch combat units were sent to study local conditions and photograph locations. The experienced military engineer Colonel Anton Antonovich supervised the construction work, which also began in 1856.

In October 1859, Eduard Ivanovich Totleben was appointed Director of the Engineering Department of the Ministry of War and gained the Tsar's support for strengthening Kerch.  He drew on experience gained in the siege and defense of the fortress, as well as his defense of Sevastopol.

In 1861, excavation work started at Ak-Burun cape.

In 1861 emperor Alexander II visited the fortress for the first time.

In 1867, Kerch fortress opened.

When the Tsar visited the fortress in 1872, work on the defensive constructions was completed, and he was "very pleased with the finish of coastal batteries."

USSR
During the existence of the Soviet Union, the fortress housed a military warehouse with equipment and ammunition for the Black Sea navy forces, as well as for a disciplinary battalion. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, military units began to disband. In 2003, the fortress territory was transferred to the Kerch State historical and cultural reserve.

Twenty-first century
The fort is protected by the State and is a landmark of Kerch and the Crimea.

Gallery

References

External links
 "Events in Kerch."  ESSENTIAL CITY GUIDES. In Your Pocket Guides, n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2014.
 "Kerch Fortres." TracesofWar.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2014.
 "Eduard Ivanovich Totleben" Reference.com. Columbia University Press, 2004. Web. 03 Oct. 2014.
 Virtual Tour by Fortress Kerch

Castles in Russia
Buildings and structures in Kerch
Tourist attractions in Crimea
Forts in Ukraine
Forts in Russia
Castles in Ukraine
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea


title: Holyoke station

text:
Holyoke station is an Amtrak intercity train station near the corner of Main and Dwight streets in Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States. The station opened on August 27, 2015, eight months after Amtrak's Vermonter service was re-routed to the Connecticut River Line through the Pioneer Valley.

The first railroad station in Holyoke had opened in 1845, followed by the H.H. Richardson-designed Connecticut River Railroad Station in 1885. Though passenger service to Holyoke ended in 1966, the 1885 depot is still extant. The opening of the new station returned passenger rail service to Holyoke for the first time in 49 years, and to the Dwight and Main streets site for the first time in 130 years. A pilot program added two daily Amtrak Shuttle round trips in August 2019 under the Valley Flyer moniker.

History

The Connecticut River Railroad opened to passenger service between Springfield and Northampton in late 1845; trains reached Deerfield in August 1846, Greenfield in December 1847, and the junction with the Central Vermont Railway in January 1849. When the Vermont and Massachusetts Railroad reached Brattleboro in 1850, the Connecticut River Railroad began running through service from Springfield to Brattleboro. Over the next century, the line was host to a mix of local and long-distance passenger and freight service. It became part of the route for numerous New York-Montreal trains as early as the 1860s, and was acquired by the Boston and Maine Railroad in 1893.

Holyoke's original train depot, which was located near Dwight and Main Streets, was a modest wooden structure that served both passenger and freight needs. The site of the original depot is today occupied by an automobile repair shop and dealership.

Connecticut River Railroad station

The Connecticut River Railroad Station was built in Holyoke in 1884-5 for the Connecticut River Railroad. Designed by the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson, it was one of the last in his series of Northeastern railroad stations. The station building, which is rectangular in shape, was originally designed with a double-height waiting room lit by high dormers. The building, which was constructed with granite and brownstone, included a slate covered hipped roof with multiple dormers.

In 1965, with passenger service waning, the station was converted into a mechanical shop by Perry's Auto Parts. Long-distance service over the line ended in October 1966, with local service between Springfield and Brattleboro lasting several more months.

In 1972, Amtrak began running the Montrealer, which ran along the line at night, stopping at Northampton but not Holyoke or Greenfield. The Montrealer was discontinued in 1987 due to poor track conditions on the line. Service resumed in 1989 after Amtrak seized control of the line in Vermont from the Boston and Maine Railroad, but the train was rerouted over the Central Vermont Railway through Massachusetts and Connecticut to avoid the still-dilapidated Connecticut River Line which Amtrak did not control. A stop was added at Amherst to replace Northampton. The Montrealer was replaced by the daytime Vermonter in 1995, using the original route through Connecticut but still avoiding the Connecticut River Line in Massachusetts.

In 2004 the structure (along with Richardson's house in Brookline, Massachusetts) was cited as one of the ten most endangered historic sites in Massachusetts. In May 2009, as the building sat littered with graffiti and falling into disrepair, it was purchased from a private owner by the City of Holyoke's Gas & Electric department. Plans to repair the building did not at the time include allowing its use as a rail depot. In August 2014 the Holyoke Office of Planning & Economic Development issued a report detailing a number of potential new uses for the former Connecticut River Railroad station building.  Proposed potential uses were divided into four broad themes: Food Uses, Collaborative Workspaces & Commercial Uses, Community & Cultural Uses and Academic Engagement & Educational Uses. On November 10, 2019, the station was sold to a private party for $10,000; no preservation plan was announced at that time.

Restoration of passenger service

In order to shorten travel times on the Vermonter and add additional local service to serve the populated Connecticut River Valley, the Pan Am Railways Connecticut River Line was rebuilt with $73 million in federal money and $10 million in state funds. The Vermonter was rerouted to the line on December 29, 2014 with new station stops in Northampton and Greenfield.

A stop at Holyoke was originally planned to open with Northampton and Greenfield but later delayed. The city considered reactivating the former station building, but instead decided that a site at Dwight Street a block west provided a better place for a modern station design. The new Depot Square Railroad Station, which cost approximately $3.2 million, includes a -long high level platform, 170-foot-long canopy, and a waiting area and staircase facing Dwight Street. The station has a 25-space parking lot and loop for bus drop off and is fully handicapped accessible. The city first planned a one-car-length "mini-high" platform with a longer stretch of low platform, but changed to the longer high-level platform in 2014. The construction of the new station was funded by a $2 million MassWorks Infrastructure grant from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Construction for the station began in November 2014, and a formal groundbreaking was held on December 22, 2014, one week before the Vermonter was rerouted to the line. The station was then intended to open in April 2015, but construction took longer than expected. Depot Square Railroad Station opened on August 27, 2015. On August 30, 2019, Amtrak extended two daily New Haven–Springfield Shuttle round trips (branded as Valley Flyer) to Greenfield as a pilot program.

References

Further reading

External links

Buildings and structures in Holyoke, Massachusetts
Railway stations in Hampden County, Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1883
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2015
Former Boston and Maine Railroad stations
Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Massachusetts
Henry Hobson Richardson buildings
Amtrak stations in Massachusetts
1883 establishments in Massachusetts
Railway stations in the United States closed in 1966


title: 2014 Copa Colombia

text:
The 2014 Copa Colombia, officially the 2014 Copa Postobón for sponsorship reasons, was the 12th edition of the Copa Colombia, the national cup competition for clubs of DIMAYOR. It began on June 29 and ended on November 12. The tournament comprised a total of 36 teams. The winner, Deportes Tolima, who defeated Santa Fe 3–2 on aggregate score in the final, earned a berth to the 2015 Copa Sudamericana.

Group stage
The 36 teams were divided into six groups based on each separate region of Colombia. Each group is played in home-and-away round-robin format. The group winners and runners-up, along with the four best third-placed teams, advance to the Round of 16. The matches were played from June 29 to August 27.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Ranking of third-placed teams

Knockout phase
Each tie in the knockout phase is played in home-and-away two-legged format. In each tie, the team which has the better overall record up to that stage host the second leg, except in the round of 16 where the group winners automatically host the second leg. In case of a tie in aggregate score, neither the away goals rule nor extra time is applied, and the tie is decided by a penalty shoot-out.

Bracket

Round of 16
First legs: September 4, 9, 10, 11; Second legs: September 17, 18, 19.

Quarterfinals
First legs: October 1, 2; Second legs: October 8.

Semifinals
First legs: October 22; Second legs: October 29.

Final
First leg: November 5; Second leg: November 12.

Top goalscorers

Source: Copa Postobón

References

External links
 Copa Postobón
 Copa Postobón, DIMAYOR.com
 Copa Colombia 2014, Soccerway.com

Copa Colombia seasons
Colombia
Copa Colombia


title: Auberge

text:
Auberge is a French word for an inn or hostel, and is also sometimes used to refer to a restaurant (as a result of the historical association between inns and restaurants). It is also the name of a nightclub in Abergavenny and is often mistaken for an aubergine.

Inns
Auberge Ravoux, historic landmark in French village of Auvers-sur-Oise
Auberge (restaurant), former Michelin-starred restaurant in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Auberge du Soleil, restaurant and resort in California, with interiors designed by Michael Taylor.
Auberges built by the Knights Hospitaller, list of Auberges in Langue, a former administrative division of the Knights Hospitaller

Music
Auberge, folk album by Le Rêve du Diable, 1982
Auberge (album), a 1991 album by Chris Rea
"Auberge" (song), song by Chris Rea from the album of the same name

See also
 L'Auberge (disambiguation)


title: Carol Selman

text:
Carol Selman is a historian, writer, and teacher who has served on the New Jersey Historical Commission, the state agency that preserve the historical record of the state. She chaired the commission's Committee on Publications and served on its Committee on Grants and Prizes. Selman has also served as a fellow of the National Endowment for the Humanities in American urban history, and as an educational consultant for the Newark Museum in Newark, New Jersey. In 2012,
the New Jersey Library Association awarded her and Sharon Adarlo their Journalism Award for coverage of events in Newark.

Early life, education, and teaching career

Selman graduated from the Beard School (now Morristown-Beard School) in Orange, New Jersey in 1964. She completed a bachelor's degree in history at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 1968 and earned induction into Phi Beta Kappa. During her senior year, Selman did a guest study program at Barnard College in New York City. She later taught history and art history at Millburn High School in Millburn, New Jersey. While teaching at the school, Selman launched its Advanced Placement course in U.S. history and helped create the system of classes for history electives. She also earned a master's degree in American studies from Stony Brook University in Oyster Bay, New York.

Historical commissions

In 1992, New Jersey Governor James Florio appointed Selman to the New Jersey Historical Commission. After her appointment received confirmation from the New Jersey Senate, Selman served on the commission through the administration of Governor Donald DiFrancesco (10 years). In 2001, she presented on the history of New York City and its impact on the growth of New Jersey at the "Then to Now" event at West Orange High School. That year, Selman made a guest appearance on the show "All Things Considered" on National Public Radio to discuss the history of household medicine. Selman has also served as the vice chair of the West Orange Arts Council,  and as a member of the West Orange Historical Preservation Commission in West Orange, New Jersey.

Family

Selman's husband, Bob DeVos, is a jazz musician. DeVos toured with Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons as a guitarist during his teenage years.

References

American women historians
21st-century American historians
Cornell University alumni
Stony Brook University alumni
Barnard College alumni
People from West Orange, New Jersey
Living people
Morristown-Beard School alumni
21st-century American women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Historians from New Jersey


title: Ministry of Industry (Tunisia)

text:
The Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mines or, more shortly, the Ministry of Industry, is a Tunisian ministry of industry.

Missions
The ministry's mission is to develop and implement government policy in areas related to industry, agribusiness, services related to the industry, energy and mining cooperation industrial and industrial, energy and mining safety.

References

Politics of Tunisia
Industry
Tunisia


title: Juanita Spinelli

text:
Evelita Juanita Spinelli (October 17, 1889 - November 21, 1941) nicknamed The Duchess, was the first woman to be executed by the state of California. She was a gangster and ex-wrestler.

Criminal history
FBI profiler Candice DeLong described Spinelli as a "stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."(Deadly Women, season 4, episode 2). Young delinquent homeless men were regularly taken into her house in San Francisco. She would cook and clean for them and train them to be professional criminals. The men received a ten-dollar weekly allowance, with Spinelli receiving the lion's share of their ill-gotten gains. Her daughter Lorraine, known as "Gypsy," regularly used a honey trap to snare drunken men, who were consequently mugged.

Two of Spinelli's protégés, Albert Ives and Robert Sherrod, killed Leland Cash during a robbery in San Francisco (when he reached into his pocket to turn up his hearing aid, Ives assumed he was reaching for a gun and shot Cash in the stomach). Fearing Sherrod would confess to the police, Spinelli gave him whiskey that she had laced with chloral hydrate. The gang then beat him up whilst he was unconscious. To make his death appear accidental, they threw him off the Clarksburg bridge on the Sacramento River, just south of Sacramento, wearing only swimming trunks. However, the autopsy showed there was no water in his lungs. Fearing for his own survival, Ives escaped and confessed to the police and was committed to Mendocino State Hospital for life. Spinelli was consequently arrested. Her gang members testified against her at her trial.

She was described by Clinton Duffy, the warden at San Quentin State Prison, as "the coldest, hardest character, male or female, I have ever known, a homely, scrawny, nearsighted, sharp-featured scarecrow. . . . The Duchess was a hag, evil as a witch, horrible to look at, impossible to like."

Execution
Spinelli was executed on November 21, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber at San Quentin.

In popular culture
Her story was dramatized on TV in the Gang Busters episode, "The Duchess Spinelli Case".

References

1889 births
1941 deaths
20th-century executions by California
20th-century executions of American people
American people executed for murder
American female murderers
American female gangsters
Executed American gangsters
Executed American women
People convicted of murder by California
People executed by California by gas chamber


title: Glacial erratic boulders of Estonia

text:
Glacial erratic boulders of Estonia are large boulders of rock which have been formed and moved into Estonia by glacial action during previous ice ages.  Before the Soviet occupation of Estonia, these large boulders were a symbol of national identity.  They are now registered and protected by the Estonian government.

Glacial erratic boulders are found in especially large quantities in Estonia.  Most of the boulders greater than  in circumference found in northern Europe are in Estonia, which has 62 known boulders of this size.  Some particular large ones have been found in the sea, including some near Osmussaar that are  diameter.  The Osmussaar boulders are believed to have been pushed there by glaciers from the Neugrund meteorite crater.

The Estonian boulders were important in the development of the idea that northern Europe was once covered in glaciers.  The first to suggest that the boulders were moved by glaciers was Russian mineralogist Vasily Severgin who was led to this conclusion by their similarity to Finnish basement rock at the very early date of 1815.  However, Severgin was later to retract this theory in favour of the drift theory of Charles Lyell who believed they had been carried by icebergs.  However, in the following years of the 19th century the glaciation theory slowly gained the ascendancy.

List of boulders

References

Geology of Estonia

Glacial erratic boulders


title: L'anima vola

text:
L'anima vola is the eighth studio album by Italian singer–songwriter Elisa, released on 15 October 2013 by Sugar Music. It's the singer-songwriter's first recording project entirely in Italian, the album won the Premio Lunezia for "musical and literary value".

The album features the soundtracks "Ancora qui" with Ennio Morricone, shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Original Song,  and "Ecco che", nominate at the Nastro d'Argento for Best Original Song.

Commercially it peaked at number one in Italy and was certified double platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry.

Background and composition
L'anima vola is the first album published by Elisa entirely in the Italian language, with the participation in the production and writing of the tracks of Ennio Morricone, Chris Bell, Tiziano Ferro, Luciano Ligabue and Giuliano Sangiorgi. In an interview with La Repubblica, Elisa has explained the artistic decision of writing and producing the project:When I threw myself into Italian, I had to abandon my critical spirit: otherwise I would not have been able to produce a free, true thing. Thinking about what the one [Italian] can give and take away from the other [English] castrates me. I just don't think about it, I have projected myself onto another track, I have started another journey. I think there are two 'Elisa' with a different style but not necessarily in contrast. It's just another facet of me. [...] My way of making music is not so direct: I don't think this is such a private record. I could be more narrative, sure, like other songwriters do. I am never explicit, I prefer to be evocative. Too much detail hurts the songs because it dulls the imagination of the listenerThe album features an alternative version of "Ancora qui", composed by Ennio Morricone and written by Elisa herself, soundtrack track for the film Django Unchained directed by Quentin Tarantino, which was shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The other song, composed by Elisa and written by Giuliano Sangiorgi, "Ecco che" was selected as the soundtrack for the film The Fifth Wheel by Giovanni Veronesi, earning a nomination at the Nastro d'Argento for Best Original Song.

Reception
L'anima vola received generally positive reviews from Italian critics, appreciating the depth of the lyrics and the themes addressed by Elisa on the tracks.

Marinella Venegoni of La Stampa described the project as a "difficult record" due to the linguistic change made by the singer, considering the choice "like stepping into mysterious territory, a gesture of artistic maturity". Judging it "enjoyable", the journalist defnited it as a  "complex musical and production fabric, but the melodies have an immediate impact; with Elisa's ability then to bring out the rich nuances of her beautiful voice", describing the lyrics as "intimist" and "personal".

Paola De Simone of Rockol gave the project a score of 8 out of 10, describing it as having a "mature and readable" style in which the songs are "narrated with a clear and clean pen, not at all thirsty for easy rhymes, but eager to communicate feelings and moods". De Simone described the singer's vocals "well balanced", allowing her a "talented interpretation, which even knows how to communicate nuances".

Track listing
All lyrics written by Elisa except where noted; all music composed by Elisa except where noted.

Musicians
 Elisa - vocals, guitar, acoustic guitar, piano, keyboards, electric guitar, bass, programming
 Andrea Rigonat - guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 Christian "Noochie" Rigano - keyboards, synth, piano, organ, programming
 Sean Hurley - bass
 Davide Rossi - violin, programming
 Victor Indrizzo - drums, percussions

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certicifications

References

Elisa (Italian singer) albums
2013 albums
Italian-language albums


title: List of Scleria species

text:
The Plant List recognises about 266 accepted taxa (of species and infraspecific names) in the plant genus Scleria.

Species
This list is compiled from The Plant List, Germplasm Resources Information Network, Integrated Taxonomic Information System and Flora of China.

 Scleria abortiva
 Scleria acanthocarpa
 Scleria achtenii
 Scleria adpressohirta
 Scleria afroreflexa
 Scleria alpina
 Scleria amazonica
 Scleria anceps
 Scleria andringitrensis
 Scleria angusta
 Scleria angustifolia
 Scleria annularis
 Scleria anomala
 Scleria arcuata
 Scleria arguta
 Scleria aromatica
 Scleria assamica
 Scleria atroglumis
 Scleria balansae
 Scleria baldwinii  – Baldwin's nutrush
 Scleria bambariensis
 Scleria bancana  – winged scleria
 Scleria baroni-clarkei
 Scleria baronii
 Scleria barteri
 Scleria benthamii
 Scleria bequaertii
 Scleria bicolor
 Scleria biflora
 Scleria boivinii
 Scleria boniana
 Scleria borii
 Scleria bourgeaui  – Bourgeau's nutrush
 Scleria bracteata  – bracted nutrush
 Scleria bradei
 Scleria brownii
 Scleria buekiana
 Scleria buettneri
 Scleria bulbifera
 Scleria burchellii
 Scleria calcicola
 Scleria camaratensis
 Scleria canescens
 Scleria carphiformis
 Scleria castanea
 Scleria catharinensis
 Scleria catophylla
 Scleria chevalieri
 Scleria chlorocalyx
 Scleria ciliaris
 Scleria ciliata  – fringed nutrush
 var. elliottii
 var. glabra
 Scleria clarkei
 Scleria clathrata
 Scleria cochinchinensis
 Scleria colorata
 Scleria comosa
 Scleria complanata
 Scleria composita
 Scleria corymbosa
 Scleria cubensis  – Cuban nutrush
 Scleria curtissii  – Curtiss' nutrush
 Scleria cuyabensis
 Scleria cyathophora
 Scleria cyperina
 Scleria delicatula
 Scleria densispicata
 Scleria depauperata
 Scleria depressa
 Scleria distans  – riverswamp nutrush
 var. chondrocarpa
 var. glomerulata
 Scleria dregeana
 Scleria dulungensis
 Scleria eggersiana  – Eggers' nutrush
 Scleria elongatissima
 Scleria erythrorrhiza
 Scleria fauriei
 Scleria filiculmis
 Scleria flagellum-nigrorum
 Scleria flexuosa
 Scleria foliosa
 Scleria foveolata
 Scleria fulvipilosa
 Scleria gaertneri
 Scleria georgiana  – slenderfruit nutrush
 Scleria glabra
 Scleria globonux
 Scleria goosenii
 Scleria goossensii
 Scleria gracillima
 Scleria greigiifolia
 Scleria guineensis
 Scleria harlandii
 Scleria havanensis  – Havana nutrush
 Scleria hildebrandtii
 Scleria hilsenbergii
 Scleria hirta
 Scleria hirtella  – riverswamp nutrush
 Scleria hispidior
 Scleria hispidula
 Scleria hookeriana
 Scleria huberi
 Scleria induta
 Scleria interrupta
 Scleria iostephana
 Scleria jiangchengensis
 Scleria junghuhniana
 Scleria kerrii
 Scleria khasiana
 Scleria killipiana
 Scleria kindtiana
 Scleria lacustris  – lakeshore nutrush
 Scleria laevis  – smooth scleria
 Scleria lagoensis
 Scleria latifolia
 Scleria laxa
 Scleria laxiflora
 Scleria leptostachya
 Scleria levis
 Scleria lingulata
 Scleria lithosperma  – Florida Keys nutrush
 var. linearis
 subsp. linearis
 subsp. lithosperma
 Scleria longispiculata
 Scleria lucentinigricans
 Scleria macbrideana
 Scleria mackaviensis
 Scleria macrogyne
 Scleria macrolomioides
 Scleria macrophylla
 Scleria madagascariensis
 Scleria martii
 Scleria melaleuca
 Scleria melanomphala
 Scleria melanotricha
 Scleria melicoides
 Scleria microcarpa  – tropical nutrush
 Scleria mikawana
 Scleria millespicula
 Scleria minima
 Scleria minor  – slender nutrush
 Scleria mitis  – cortadora
 Scleria monticola
 Scleria motemboensis
 Scleria motleyi
 subsp. rostrata
 Scleria mucronata
 Scleria muehlenbergii  – Muehlenberg's nutrush
 Scleria multilacunosa
 Scleria mutoensis
 Scleria myricocarpa
 Scleria natalensis
 Scleria naumanniana
 Scleria neesii
 Scleria neocaledonica
 Scleria neogranatensis
 Scleria novae-hollandiae
 Scleria nyasensis
 Scleria oblata
 Scleria obtusa
 Scleria oligantha  – littlehead nutrush
 Scleria oligochondra
 Scleria orchardii
 Scleria ovinux
 Scleria pachyrrhyncha
 Scleria panicoides
 Scleria papuana
 Scleria parallella
 Scleria parvula
 Scleria patula
 Scleria pauciflora  – fewflower nutrush
 var. caroliniana
 var. curtissii
 Scleria paupercula
 Scleria pergracilis
 Scleria pernambucana
 Scleria perpusilla
 Scleria pilosa
 Scleria pilosissima
 Scleria plusiophylla
 Scleria poeppigii
 Scleria poiformis
 Scleria poklei
 Scleria polycarpa
 Scleria polyrrhiza
 Scleria pooides
 Scleria porphyrocarpa
 Scleria procumbens
 Scleria psilorrhiza
 Scleria pulchella
 Scleria purdiei  – Purdie's nutrush
 Scleria purpurascens
 var. ophirensis
 Scleria pusilla
 Scleria racemosa
 Scleria radula
 Scleria ramosa
 Scleria rehmannii
 Scleria reticularis  – reticulated nutrush, netted nutrush
 Scleria richardsiae
 Scleria robinsoniana
 Scleria robusta
 Scleria rugosa
 Scleria rutenbergiana
 Scleria scabra
 Scleria scabriuscula  – mosquito nutrush
 Scleria scandens
 Scleria schenckiana
 Scleria schiedeana
 Scleria schimperiana
 Scleria schulzii
 Scleria scindens  – hairy nutrush
 Scleria scrobiculata
 Scleria secans  – razor grass
 Scleria sellowiana
 Scleria setulosociliata
 Scleria sheilae
 Scleria sieberi
 Scleria skutchii
 Scleria sobolifer
 Scleria sororia
 Scleria sphacelata
 Scleria sphaerocarpa
 Scleria spicata
 Scleria spiciformis
 Scleria splitgerberiana
 Scleria sprucei
 Scleria staheliana
 Scleria stenophylla
 Scleria stereorrhiza
 Scleria stipitata
 Scleria stipularis
 Scleria stocksiana
 Scleria sumatrensis  – Sumatran scleria
 Scleria swamyi
 Scleria sylvestris
 Scleria tenacissima
 Scleria tenella  – fly nutrush
 Scleria tepuiensis
 Scleria terrestris
 var. hookeriana
 var. thomsoniana
 Scleria tessellata
 var. sphaerocarpa
 Scleria testacea  – Hawai'i nutrush
 Scleria thwaitesiana
 Scleria tonkinensis
 Scleria transvaalensis
 Scleria trialata
 Scleria tricuspidata
 Scleria triglomerata  – whip nutrush
 Scleria triquetra
 Scleria tropicalis
 Scleria tryonii
 Scleria uleana
 Scleria unguiculata
 Scleria vaginata
 Scleria valdemuricata
 Scleria variegata
 Scleria venezuelensis
 Scleria verrucosa
 Scleria verticillata  – low nutrush
 Scleria veseyfitzgeraldii
 Scleria vichadensis
 Scleria violacea
 Scleria virgata
 Scleria vogelii
 Scleria warmingiana
 Scleria welwitschii
 Scleria williamsii
 Scleria woodii
 var. ornata
 Scleria wrightiana
 Scleria xerophila
 Scleria zambesica

References

Scleria
 List


title: List of Oricon number-one singles of 1968

text:
The highest-selling singles in Japan are ranked in the Oricon Singles Chart, which is published by Oricon Style magazine. The data are compiled by Oricon based on each singles' physical sales. This list includes the singles that reached the number one place on that chart in 1968.

Oricon Weekly Singles Chart

References

1968 in Japanese music
Japan Oricon
Oricon 1968


The 1995–96 St. John's Red Storm men's basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1995–96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by Brian Mahoney in his fourth year at the school. St. John's home games are played at Alumni Hall and Madison Square Garden and the team is a member of the Big East Conference.

Off season

Departures

Class of 1995 signees

Roster

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;"| Big East tournament

References

St. John's Red Storm men's basketball seasons
St. John's
St John
St John


title: T. lutea

text:
T. lutea may refer to:

 Taperina lutea, a daddy longlegs
 Thalesia lutea, a broomrape native to North America
 Thunbergia lutea, an Old World plant
 Tigridia lutea, a South American plant
 Trapezia lutea, a guard crab
 Trapezites lutea, an Australian butterfly
 Trimezia lutea, a New World plant
 Tulipa lutea, a perennial plant


title: Josiah Phillips

text:
Private Josiah Phillips (1830 – December 11, 1894) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War for the Union. Phillips served in the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry regiment, a volunteer regiment that was a part of the Army of the Potomac. Phillips received the United States' highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Phillips's medal was won for his capturing of the flag during the Battle of Sutherland's Station on April 2, 1865. He was honored with the Medal of Honor by President Andrew Johnson on May 10, 1865.

Phillips was born in Wyoming County in New York, and entered service in Ulysses, Pennsylvania, where the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment was recruiting. Phillips is buried in South Lawrence Cemetery in De Pere, Wisconsin.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
 List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P

References

1830 births
1894 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Wyoming County, New York
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Burials in Wisconsin


title: Howard Llewellyn Swisher

text:
Howard Llewellyn Swisher (September 21, 1870 – August 27, 1945) was an American businessperson, real estate developer, orchardist, editor, writer, and historian. As a prominent businessman, he established several companies responsible for the development of businesses and real estate in Morgantown, West Virginia.

Swisher was born in 1870 near Levels, West Virginia. He became a schoolteacher there at the age of 18, then graduated from Fairmont State Normal School (present-day Fairmont State University) and West Virginia University. He then remained in Morgantown, where he established a bookstore and stationery shop. Following the success of his bookstore, Swisher organized the Main Street Building Company, the Howard L. Swisher Company, and the Morgantown Building Association, each of which constructed a large number of residences in the city. He was also the inaugural secretary-treasurer of the West Virginia Real Estate Dealers' Association.

Swisher was secretary of the Royalty Oil Company, which owned mining rights for approximately  of prospective oil lands throughout the United States. He also held prominent leadership and management roles in the Valley Wood Working Company, the Monongahela Valley Posting and Distributing Plant, the Federal Savings and Trust Company, and the West Virginia Tri-Products Company. In Hampshire County, Swisher maintained fruit growing interests and served as the president of the South Branch Merchandising Company. He was an active member of the West Virginia Democratic Party and was selected as a delegate from West Virginia to the 1936 Democratic National Convention.

In 1897, Swisher co-authored History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present with West Virginia historian Hu Maxwell. The book was the first comprehensive history of Hampshire County ever compiled. He composed a collection of poetry and short stories, Briar Blossoms, in 1899, and was the editor of The Ghourki, a literary journal of poetry, short stories, and aphorisms. In 1908, Swisher published Book of Harangues, a selection of passages from The Ghourki.

Family background

Howard Llewellyn Swisher was born on September 21, 1870, on a farm near the unincorporated community of Levels, West Virginia. He was the son of David Warner Swisher and his wife, Mary Katherine Bonnifield Swisher. David was born in Augusta County, Virginia on April 29, 1822, and was of Swiss German and French ancestry. David moved to Preston County in present-day West Virginia in 1838, and a few years later, he purchased land near present-day Levels in Hampshire County and relocated there. He then established a farm on this land, known as "The Levels," and remained there for the remainder of his life. The Swisher family owned and operated one of the largest orchard operations in the Levels community. In 1846, David married his wife, Mary Katherine Bonnifield, the daughter of Dr. Arnold Bonnifield of St. George, West Virginia.

Early life and education
Swisher spent his early years and adolescence on his father's farm, until he became a schoolteacher in Hampshire County at the age of 18. He began his post-secondary education at Fairmont State Normal School (present-day Fairmont State University) in Fairmont, which he graduated from in 1892. While enrolled there, Swisher became affiliated with the Mu Mu Chapter of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Following his graduation, he traveled throughout the northwestern United States and the Canadian provinces and territories of Alberta, Assiniboia, British Columbia, and Manitoba. Swisher then moved to Fresno, California, where he worked as a public schoolteacher for two years. He then returned to West Virginia and attended West Virginia University in Morgantown. While at the university, he aspired to become a journalist and edited The Athenaeum, the institution's official student newspaper. In 1897, after three years of studies, Swisher graduated from the university with a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Business career

As a prominent businessman, Swisher established several corporations and companies responsible for the development of businesses and commercial and residential real estate in Morgantown. He remained in Morgantown after his graduation from West Virginia University, and in 1897 with $700 in capital, he opened a book and stationery store known as the Acme Book Store. The business prospered, and in April 1898, Swisher established the Acme Publishing Company, which he served as president of for several years.

Swisher subsequently organized the Main Street Building Company, which became responsible for building the Strand Building, a business and commercial block in Morgantown. He established and incorporated the Howard L. Swisher Company in November 1914. He also organized the Morgantown Building Association in November 1918 with an authorized capital of $250,000 and himself serving as its general manager. The Morgantown Building Association undertook extensive construction of residences in the city. In December 1914, following its organization in Parkersburg, Swisher was named the secretary-treasurer of the West Virginia Real Estate Dealers' Association. The association was formed in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Agriculture and other state agencies for the promotion and development of the states's agricultural resources, real estate, and investments.

In addition to his real estate and construction ventures, Swisher was an organizer and secretary of the Royalty Oil Company, which owned mining rights to approximately  of prospective oil lands throughout the southern and southwestern United States. He built and operated the Swisher Theater in Morgantown. Swisher was also a director of the Valley Wood Working Company, the owner of the Monongahela Valley Posting and Distributing Plant, and the secretary of the Federal Savings and Trust Company prior to 1903. By 1913, he was the president of the West Virginia Tri-Products Company, which invested in coal and oil production, glass manufacturing, and the production of timber and fruit. Swisher maintained fruit growing interests on South Branch Mountain (known as Jersey Mountain) in Hampshire County, and served as the president of the South Branch Merchandising Company.

Writing career
During his travels, Swisher contributed articles and poetry to newspapers throughout the Northwest. While attending West Virginia University, he published a small book containing approximately 600 lines of poetry, which he dedicated to his classmates. In 1897, Swisher co-authored History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present with West Virginia historian Hu Maxwell. The book was the first comprehensive history of Hampshire County ever compiled. He composed a collection of poetry and short stories titled Briar Blossoms, which was published by his Acme Publishing Company in 1899. Swisher was the editor of The Ghourki, a literary journal of poetry, short stories, and aphorisms. He began each issue with an introductory commentary entitled "Harangues to the Ghourki" in which he referred to himself as the "Chief of the Tribe". In 1908, Swisher published Book of Harangues, a selection of passages from The Ghourki.

Politics

Swisher was an active member of the West Virginia Democratic Party. In 1900, he was selected as a candidate for State Superintendent of Free Schools. In the 1902 general election, he ran as the Democratic candidate for the Eleventh District of the West Virginia State Senate. Despite his loss, Swisher received the largest number of Democratic votes ever amassed in Monongalia County up until that time. Swisher was a delegate at the 1936 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, and was selected as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Conventions of 1912 and 1924.

Personal life
In August 1897, Swisher married Mary Dering of Morgantown, daughter of Edward A. Dering and his wife, Cordelia Walker Dering of Morgantown. Both the Dering and Walker families, from which Swisher's wife descended, had arrived in the Colony of Virginia during its earlier periods of settlement.

Swisher was a member of the Morgantown Union Lodge No. 4 of the Free and Accepted Masons, Morgantown Lodge No. 411 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Morgantown Chamber of Commerce, the Kiwanis Club, the Country Club, and the Old Colony Club. Swisher served on the Old Colony Club's National Advisory Council.

On August 27, 1945, Swisher died of a cerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension at his residence at 80 Donley Street in Morgantown. Swisher was interred on August 30, 1945, at Oak Grove Cemetery in Morgantown's Chancery Hill Historic District.

Selected works
 History of Hampshire County, West Virginia: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present. 1897. Co-authored with Hu Maxwell.
 Briar Blossoms: Being a Collection of a Few Verses and Some Prose. 1899.
 Book of Harangues. 1908.

References

Bibliography

External links

1870 births
1945 deaths
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American writers
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American writers
American businesspeople in the oil industry
American male non-fiction writers
American male poets
American orchardists
American people of French descent
American people of Swiss-German descent
American publishers (people)
Burials at Oak Grove Cemetery (Morgantown, West Virginia)
Businesspeople from Morgantown, West Virginia
Deaths from hypertension
Editors of West Virginia newspapers
Education in Hampshire County, West Virginia
Educators from West Virginia
Fairmont State University alumni
Historians of West Virginia
Local historians
People from Hampshire County, West Virginia
Poets from West Virginia
Real estate and property developers
West Virginia Democrats
West Virginia University alumni
Writers from West Virginia


title: Lady Victoria Campbell

text:
Lady Victoria Campbell (22 May 1854 – 6 July 1910) was a British philanthropist. She was born to two of the largest landowners in Scotland, being the third daughter of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll and his wife Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower. A childhood bout of poliomyelitis caused paralysis and required her to wear leg braces for the rest of her life.

In 1882, Lady Victoria experienced a "second consecration" and dedicated the rest of her life to helping those who lived on the islands throughout Argyll. She frequently visited the island of Tiree, where she championed social and religious organisations, and moved there in 1891. She also anonymously promoted the island, sending details of the plight of islanders in regular letters to the British press. In 1911 Victoria's sister Frances Balfour published a posthumous biography of her.

Family and early life
Lady Victoria Campbell was born at Carlton House, London on 22 May 1854, the third daughter and eighth child of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll by his first wife Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower. As such, the new baby was a member of the Campbell and Leveson-Gower families, two of the largest landowners in Scotland. She was named after Queen Victoria, the reigning monarch at the time of her birth. Her maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Sutherland, had been the Queen's friend and Mistress of the Robes. She was the only one of the twelve Campbell siblings who never married. Her relatives by marriage included Princess Louise, who was married to her eldest brother John.

At the age of five Lady Victoria contracted poliomyelitis, which caused paralysis and required her to wear leg braces for the remainder of her life. From 1859 to 1868, her health required her to spend most of the year in London and Brighton, near her orthopaedist Matthias Roth. Victoria was often separated from her immediate family during these periods, though she was looked after by her unmarried aunt Emily MacNeill and her lifelong servant and companion Elizabeth Knowles. Despite this separation, Victoria was particularly close to her sister Frances Balfour, who in 1868 described Victoria's bedroom as "the centre of the fun and mischief that was going on in the family circle".

Victoria underwent multiple treatments and surgeries to alleviate the paralysis in her legs, and after physical therapy she was eventually able to use crutches and walking sticks. Her sister Frances later observed that because Victoria's ailments occurred from an early age, it became "second nature" to cope and she rarely spoke of them. In 1868, at the age of 14 Victoria developed a lung abscess which almost caused her death; she continued to have chest infections for the rest of her life. That same year, the Duchess had a stroke which led to ten years of being nursed by her third daughter. After the Duchess's death in 1878, the strain of the many years of nursing may have been the cause of Victoria's nervous breakdown in 1878–79. Victoria then oversaw the management of her father's households until his remarriage in 1881.

Philanthropy

Despite her limited ability to walk, Victoria frequently visited poverty-stricken families on the island of Iona. During a visit to Iona Abbey in 1882, Victoria experienced a "second consecration" and thereafter dedicated herself to helping those who lived on the islands throughout Argyll. A plaque was later installed in the abbey that reads, "In this church and by this window Victoria, daughter of George, eighth Duke of Argyll, dedicated her life to the glory of God in the service of the people of these islands."

In 1885 she began taking lessons in Gaelic, which was spoken on all of the islands; she sometimes taught Bible classes in the language. She also supported the creation of art and crafts that were inspired by Celtic culture, and participated in a resurgence of interest in Celtic Christianity in Argyll; the Celtic craft entrepreneurs Alexander and Euphemia Ritchie of Iona were two of her pupils.

Tiree
Lady Victoria first viewed the island of Tiree in 1878, when travelling on her father's yacht. In 1886, she learned of a dispute between her father and the residents of Tiree, who had suffered recent economic hardship. The islanders wished for a farm to be converted into crofts, but the duke instead leased it to someone else. Local citizens prevented the new tenant from taking up the farm, causing at least eight men to be arrested. The historian Joan B. Huffman describes this event as "life-altering" for Victoria, as she increased her visits to the island and later moved there in 1891.

On Tiree, Victoria championed social and religious organisations such as the YWCA, and organised soup kitchens. She also oversaw training for both men and women; the former learned crafts such as woodcarving while female residents were trained in needlework and lace-making. Lady Victoria promoted Tiree under the pseudonym 'Hebridean', sending details on the plight of islanders in regular letters to the British press. She was held in high esteem by residents, who admired her determination to reach the island even when bad weather made the journey dangerous.

Near the end of her life, Victoria was instrumental in securing the construction of a new pier for Tiree. Travel to the island could be difficult and dangerous, as there was no adequate pier to gain access. Residents had repeatedly petitioned her father for help, only to be met with refusal; the duke decided he would not be the one to solely fund its construction, despite the danger travelling to Tiree meant for his daughter. A new pier was only built after his death; Victoria ultimately worked for twenty years to secure its construction, which occurred shortly after her death. She died on 6 July 1910 of influenza and pneumonia in Edinburgh, and was buried in Liberton Churchyard. In 1911 her sister Frances published a posthumous biography of Victoria.

Ancestors

References

Works cited

1854 births
1910 deaths
British philanthropists
Victoria
Women of the Victorian era
British royalty and nobility with disabilities
Daughters of British dukes
19th-century Scottish landowners
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
19th-century women landowners


title: Helmen Kütt

text:
Helmen Kütt (born 28 July 1961) is an Estonian Social Democratic Party politician. She was the Minister of Social Protection in Taavi Rõivas´cabinet between 26 March 2014 and 30 March 2015. In the parliament Kütt represents the electoral district of Järva- and Viljandimaa .

Before entering into national politics, Kütt worked as the head of a Social Commity in Viljandi.

Minister of Social Protection

As Andrus Ansip resigned Taavi Rõivas became the new Prime Minister of Estonia and he formed the coalition with the Social Democratic Party (Andrus Ansip´s III government was a coalition between conservative IRL and classical liberal Reform Party). As a result of coalition negotiations Minister of Social Affairs was torn apart into two separate ministers: Minister of Social Protection and Minister of Health and Labour.

References

1961 births
Living people
Social Democratic Party (Estonia) politicians
People from Viljandi
21st-century Estonian politicians
Members of the Riigikogu, 2011–2015
Members of the Riigikogu, 2015–2019
Members of the Riigikogu, 2023–2027
Women members of the Riigikogu
Tallinn University alumni
21st-century Estonian women politicians


title: T. D. Benson

text:
Thomas Duckworth Benson (1857–1926), known as T. D. Benson, was a British socialist activist.

Living in Eccles, Benson worked as an accountant, and later as an estate agent.  He first came to prominence as a follower of Swedenborg, and in 1895, he was the founding treasurer of the New Church Socialist Society, and editor of its journal, Uses.  He also became active in the Independent Labour Party (ILP), and was the main financial backer of Keir Hardie's unsuccessful candidacy in the 1896 Bradford East by-election.

In 1901, Benson became Treasurer of the ILP.  Within the party, he became known as a leader of the right wing.  In 1909, when Hardie, Ramsay MacDonald, Philip Snowden and Bruce Glasier resigned in protest at the membership's willingness to oppose sitting Liberal Party candidates, he remained on the executive, working with J. R. Clynes and William Crawford Anderson to win the body to Macdonald's views.  He also wrote extensively for the party, including a controversial pamphlet promoting eugenics in a future socialist state.

Benson remained treasurer for twenty years, opposing World War I, but suffering long-term ill health.  His son, George Benson, became a Labour Party Member of Parliament, and was also Treasurer of the ILP.

References

1857 births
1926 deaths
English Swedenborgians
Independent Labour Party National Administrative Committee members
People from Eccles, Greater Manchester
English Christian socialists
Swedenborgian socialists


title: Xintiandi (disambiguation)

text:
Xintiandi () is an affluent car-free shopping, eating and entertainment district of Shanghai.

Xintiandi may also refer to:
Xintiandi Station, Shanghai
Xintiandi, Chinese name of Shincheonji, a Korean new religious movement
 (), multimedia and gaming company established in 1997
Xintiandi, EP by Beyond (band)


title: Compressible duct flow

text:
Compressible Duct Flow with friction. This article concerns a gas flow with friction due to the boundary walls under consideration. This problem is same as the Moody type pipe-friction problem but with considerably larger changes in friction, kinetic energy and enthalpy of the flow.

Parameters
Consider a gas flowing through a duct with the following assumptions :
 Constant area, straight duct
 Gas is ideal
 Negligible potential energy changes and low work input
 One dimensional adiabatic flow
 Darcy friction factor used to express wall shear stress due to friction

Calculation

Consider a small element of area A and length dx as shown in the figure (right). Applying conservation laws on this element,

-density

V-velocity of the element

A- cross sectional area

ρV A = G =constant

 ...(assumption 1)

.....(1)

By equating total force on the element to its change in momentum (following Newton’s second law),

....(2)

where   is shear stress due to boundary walls and thus  is force due to shear stress.

Total energy of the gas

.....(3)

Also by virtue of ideal gas equation

...(i)

...(4)

The relation between wall shear and Darcy friction factor f is given by,

But we know that  where a is the speed of sound in perfect gas. ....(ii)

Therefore the above equation transforms into-

....(5)

Where Ma is the Mach number which is defined as the ratio of velocity of sound in that medium to the velocity of the object under consideration i.e V/a.....(iii)

Thus from (i), (ii),(iii)

.....(6)

By eliminating variables from eq 1 to 6 we get the following relations:

All the equations above have a factor of  except  ;thus the following deductions could be made :

Irrespective of the flow, Mach number tends downstream towards 1 because entropy increases alongside. Entropy v/s Mach number graph is as shown in the figure (for k=1.4):

Entropy is maximum at Ma=1 so sonic point is eventually achieved by virtue of second law. Since  and  decrease along the flow in this case, the sonic properties (p*, ῥ*, T*, , and ) are considered as references.

Now,
By manipulating equation 11 and integrating both sides we get,

L* is the length from some arbitrary point where Mach number is Ma. At the sonic region, Ma=1. The integration results in the following equation :

Where f- is average friction factor from x=0 to L*. Here D is the diameter of circular duct; in cases where the duct is not of circular cross section D=(4*area)/perimeter.

Choking due to friction

Choking of duct is basically reduction of duct mass flow. The flow conditions change if the actual length L is greater than the predicted maximum length L*, and there are two classifications :

Subsonic inlet
If L > L*(Ma1), the flow slows down until an inlet Mach number Ma2 is reached such that L = L*(Ma2). The exit flow is sonic, and the mass flow has been reduced by frictional choking. Further increases in duct length will continue to decrease the inlet Ma and mass flow.

Supersonic inlet
Friction has a large impact on supersonic duct flow. Even an infinite inlet Mach number will be reduced to sonic conditions in only 41 diameters for f = 0.02. Consider an example inlet Ma = 3.0 and f=0.02. For this condition L*=26 diameters. If L is increased beyond 26D, the flow will not choke but a normal shock will form at just the right place for the subsequent subsonic frictional flow to become sonic exactly at the exit. Eventually, a long duct will cause the feed nozzle throat to become choked, thus reducing the duct mass flow. Thus, supersonic friction changes the flow pattern if L > L* but does not choke the flow until
L is much larger than L*.

References

Fluid dynamics


title: Iurii Tsaruk

text:
Iurii Tsaruk (born 2 May 1987) is a Ukrainian athlete who competes in disability athletics in the T35 category. He won the gold medal for the 200 metres at the 2012 Paralympic Games for his category with a new World Record. Tsaruk set a European record to win the 100 metres at London 2012. Tsaruk won the silver medal in the 100 and 200 metres at the 2013 World Championships. In 2012 he also won a bronze medal for the 100 metres at the European Championships.

References

External links
 London 2012 200 metres final video

1987 births
Living people
Paralympic athletes for Ukraine
Paralympic gold medalists for Ukraine
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
World record holders in para-athletics
Medalists at the World Para Athletics Championships
Medalists at the World Para Athletics European Championships
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)


title: Martin Dunne

text:
Martin Dunne may refer to:

 Martin Dunne (footballer, born 1886) (1886–1955), played for Southampton
 Martin Dunne (Gaelic footballer), Cavan inter-county player
 Martin Dunne (Lord Lieutenant) (born 1938), British public servant

See also
Martin Dunn (disambiguation)