title: List of Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway episodes

text:
Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (referred to simply as Saturday Night Takeaway or SNT) is a British television variety show, presented by Ant & Dec. Each episodes focuses on a variety of segments heavily influenced by previous Saturday night light entertainment shows, most notably Noel's House Party and Don't Forget Your Toothbrush, and with some paying homage to Saturday night TV of the past, such as Opportunity Knocks, and range from pranks, humorous entertainment, games, and musical acts.

The following lists each series, a brief summary of segments, including changes to what was used, appearances by guests, and the ratings given for each episode; from the fifth series onwards, the list includes the scores from the "Ant vs. Dec" segment, the seventh series onwards lists information on the guest announcers that appeared in each episode following the introduction of this format to the programme, and the tenth series onwards lists the closing performances used in each episode.

Series overview

Episodes

Series 1 (2002)
The first series was aired during Summer 2002, running for six episodes from 8 June to 13 July, and averaging around 4.76 million viewers. It featured a notable number of segments, some of which were dropped after the series had finished broadcasting. The series featured early formats of two notable games that would be later revised for use in future series - "Grab the Ads" and "Win the Ads".
Sponsorship: Siemens.

Ratings

Series 2 (2003)
The second series aired during Winter - early Spring 2003, running for eleven episodes from 11 January to 22 March, and averaging around 7.91 viewers. This series saw the introduction of four new segments - "Opportunity Knocks, Again", "What's Next?", "Little Ant and Dec", and "Ant & Dec Undercover" in which the original format rotated between audience members and celebrities - as well as the return of "Grab the Ads" from the previous series, but with a revised format.
Sponsorship: Coca-Cola.

Ratings

Ant & Dec Undercover

Series 3 (2004)
The third series aired during Spring 2004, running for six episodes from 13 March to 17 April, and averaging around 7.86 viewers. The series saw the introduction of a new segment entitled "Saturday Cash Takeaway", that was run for just this series only alongside the other segments from the previous series.
Sponsorship: Coca-Cola.

Ped Didn't Fix It!

Little Ant & Dec

Ant & Dec Undercover

What's Next?

Ratings

Series 4 (2004)
The fourth series aired during Autumn 2004, running for six episodes from 2 October to 6 November, and averaging around 7.97 million viewers. While "Ped Didn't Fix It" and "Home Run" were dropped prior to this series, many of the other segments returned, while a new segment was created, entitled "Saturday Night Pub Olympics", which was used for this series only.
Sponsorship: Imperial Leather.

Ratings

Series 5 (2005)
The fifth series was aired during late Winter - early Spring 2005, running for ten episodes from 12 February to 16 April, and averaging around 7.68 million viewers. This series is notable for the production team revamping the "What's Next" segment, and transforming it into a head-to-head contest between the presenters entitled "Ant vs. Dec", that was presented by Kirsty Gallacher. This series saw Dec involved in an accident during filming of a game being pre-recorded for an episode's "Ant vs. Dec", in which the presenter was injured while attempting a motorbike stunt jump. The accident left him with a broken right thumb and broken left elbow, leaving him to have his left arm in a sling for a few weeks afterwards. In its first run, the contest between the presenters ended with Dec winning 6–5.
Sponsorship: KFC.

Ratings

Ant vs Dec

Series 6 (2006)
The sixth series aired during Autumn 2006, running for six episodes from 16 September to 21 October, and averaging around 7.22 million viewers. This series saw "Ant & Dec Undercover" being dropped from the show, while introducing two new segments - a second contest entitled "Beat the Boys", focusing on the presenters competing against a different pair of celebrities each episode; and a new cash prize game entitled "Jiggy Bank". This series' contest between the presenters ended on a draw of 3-3, leading to a tiebreaker game of mini-golf putt-off to be held in the final episode, to determine the winner. The game ended with Dec winning and becoming the winner of this series' contest, as a result.
Sponsorship: Greene King. Series Announcer: Noddy Holder

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – "The Rematch"

Beat the Boys

Series 7 (2007)
The seventh series aired during Autumn 2007, running for six episodes from 8 September to 13 October, and averaging around 6.25 million viewers. It was the first series to see the introduction of a new element in the format of the show, in the form of a celebrity announcer, with each episode featuring its own celebrity invited to take on the role. This series also saw "Little Ant & Dec" being dropped from the show. This series' contest between the presenters ended with Dec winning by 5–1.
Sponsorship: Heinz Big Eat.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – "This Time, It's Personal"

Beat the Boys

Celebrity Announcers
 8 September: Simon Pegg
 15 September: Daniel Radcliffe
 22 September: Quentin Tarantino
 29 September: Christian Slater
 6 October: Harry Hill (You've Been Framed! and Harry Hill's TV Burp)
 13 October: Katie Price & Peter Andre

Series 8 (2008)
The eighth series aired during late Winter - early Spring 2008, running for six episodes from 16 February to 22 March, and averaging around 7.27 million viewers. This series saw the game "Jiggy Bank" being replaced with a new cash prize game entitled "The Mouse Trap".

For this series' contest between the presenters, the format was modified so that each presenter could be joined by a team of celebrities to help them win games. Whoever lost had to nominate a celebrity from their team who would be eliminated from future games. Ant's team consisted of: Paul Daniels' wife Debbie McGee; actress and singer & Doctor Who actor Bonnie Langford; dancer Wayne Sleep; Jason "J" Brown from Five; and ex-Steps member Lee Latchford-Evans (due to "personal reasons" Ant's initial choice of Lee Ryan from Blue could not take part as planned). Dec's team consisted of: magician Paul Daniels; singer Sonia; The X Factor contestant Chico Slimani; TV presenter Melinda Messenger; and former footballer Lee Sharpe. The contest between the teams ended on a draw of 3-3, leading to a tiebreaker game of a basketball shoot-out to be held in the final episode to determine the winner. For this game, each presenter nominated a team member to play it, and was won by Dec's team, leading to the presenter winning this series' contest as a result. Sponsorship: Birds Eye.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – The Teams

Beat the Boys - "Extreme"

Celebrity Announcers
 16 February: Will Ferrell
 23 February: Uma Thurman
 1 March: Jeff Goldblum
 8 March: Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson
 15 March: Jessica Alba
 22 March: Kate Hudson

Series 9 (2009)
The ninth series aired during late Winter - early Spring 2009, running for six episodes from 14 February to 21 March, and averaging around 6.63 million viewers. For this series, "Beat the Boys" was replaced by a new segment entitled "Escape from Takeaway Prison", which involved celebrities competing against each other in a series of games.

For this series' contest between the presenters, each were once more joined by a team of celebrities. Ant's team consisted of: former British politician Lembit Öpik; comedian Brian Conley; singer and TV presenter Liz McClarnon; singer and TV presenter Jonathan Wilkes; and actress and TV presenter Yvette Fielding. Dec's team consisted of: former boy band Blue member Antony Costa; former British politician Edwina Currie; singer Sinitta; comedian Bobby Davro; and hair stylise Nicky Clarke. The contest ended on a draw of 3-3, leading to a tiebreaker game of tincan alley to be held in the final episode to determine the winner. For this game, each team took it in turns to knock down as many cans as they could, with one ball thrown by each presenter and the two remaining members of their team. The game was won by Dec's team, leading to the presenter winning this series' contest as a result. This segment featured a guest appearance by Brian Blessed during the second and final challenges.

Sponsorship: Birds Eye.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – The Teams

Celebrity announcers
 14 February: Paris Hilton
 21 February: Ricky Gervais
 28 February: Tom Jones
 7 March: Al Murray
 14 March: Paul O'Grady
 21 March: Zac Efron

Series 10 (2013)
The tenth series aired during early Spring 2013, having returned from a four-year break, running for seven episodes from 23 February to 6 April, and averaging around 7.82 million viewers. For this series, the show's format removed a number of previous segments, while reviving three segments used in past series - "Ant & Dec Undercover"; "Little Ant & Dec", featuring two new young look-alikes of the presenters; and game "Win the Ads", with a revamped format. This series saw the introduction of two new segments for the show - "I'm a Celebrity... Get Out of My Ear!", and the musical act ""End of the Show"-Show". Sponsorship: Morrisons.

For this series' contest between the presenters, retained when Saturday Night Takeaway returned from its break, the format dropped the use of teams, and incorporated an element of the format from "What's Next", in that the presenters competed against each in games they had no idea about and thus had no rehearsal or practice time to prepare for. The segment was now presented by American singer Ashley Roberts, replacing Gallacher, was aired in only five episodes of the series, and ended with Ant winning the contest for the first time, on a score of 3–2.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – "Into The Unknown"

"End of the Show" - Show

Celebrity announcers
 23 February: David Walliams
 2 March: Ricky Gervais (Pre-Recorded)
 9 March: Alan Carr
 16 March: Sharon Osbourne
 23 March: Terry Wogan
 30 March: Lewis Hamilton
 6 April: Jonathan Ross

Series 11 (2014)
The eleventh series aired during early Spring 2014, running for seven episodes from 22 February to 5 April, and averaging around 7.61 million viewers. This series saw the introduction of a new game segment entitled "Singalong Live", which featured appearances by Rick Astley, Bonnie Tyler and Right Said Fred. This series' contest between the presenters was won by Dec with a score of 3–2. Sponsorship: Morrisons.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec – "Into The Unknown - The Sequel"

"End of the Show" - Show

Celebrity announcers
 22 February: Michael Bublé
 1 March: Sarah Millican
 8 March: Keith Lemon
 15 March: Louis Walsh
 22 March: The Muppets
 29 March: Paddy McGuinness
 5 April: Hugh Bonneville

Series 12 (2015)
The twelfth series aired during early Spring 2015, running for seven episodes from 21 February to 4 April, and averaging around 6.91 million viewers. This series featured guest appearances by Alesha Dixon, Robert Rinder, Anne Hegerty and Shaun Wallace, while "Singalong Live" returned and featured appearances by Spandau Ballet, Sister Sledge, S Club 7, and Lou Bega. This series' contest between the presenters was won by Ant with a score of 4–2; unusually the segment featured a competition in which a randomly chosen viewer would win £1,000 if they correctly guessed who would win, but this was dropped after the first challenge, while the fourth challenge allowed the presenters to be given some training to prepare for it. Sponsorship: Morrisons.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec

"End of the Show" - Show

Celebrity announcers
 21 February: Dermot O'Leary
 28 February: McBusted
 7 March: Rob Brydon
 14 March: Antony Cotton
 21 March: Neil Patrick Harris
 28 March: Clare Balding
 4 April: Olivia Colman

Series 13 (2016)
The thirteenth series aired during early Spring 2016, running for seven episodes from 20 February to 2 April, and averaging around 7.71 million viewers; both the fifth and sixth episodes were aired earlier than scheduled to avoid clashing with live coverage of two major sporting events after each respective episode, one of which was a Six Nations Championship match. This series is notable for two elements in its broadcast. The first was that its series finale took place outside the United Kingdom, on the MV Britannia, while it was berthed in Barcelona - tickets for places on the cruise ship were offered during the other episodes as prizes, courtesy of the ship's operator P&O Cruises with tickets. The second was that it featured a live wedding in the sixth episode, between a couple who had written to the production team asking if they could be married on the programme.

The series introduced two new segments. The first, entitled "Best Seats in the House", offered places in the studio audience for the next episode, in a specially marked "VIP" section, with the exception of the first episode were the seats were given to selected members of the audience; for the penultimate episode, the viewers were given tickets for the cruise ship. The second involved a mini-serial "whodunit" comedy drama entitled "Who Shot Simon Cowell?" starring, Ant & Dec starred alongside Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh, Amanda Holden, Alesha Dixon, David Walliams, Piers Morgan, Olly Murs, the late Caroline Flack and Pudsey the Dog as themselves, and Kevin Whately and Emilia Fox as their respective characters from Lewis and Silent Witness. The mini-serial was later condensed into a single episode that was broadcast on 30 December 2017. Amongst the other segments for the show, the game "Win the Ads" received a minor change in its format, reducing the number of prizes that contestants could win in total, while final episode saw the game having the contestant chosen in the final episode was from those on the cruise ship, excluding anyone who won their place via ticket giveaway, and focusing on questions associated with being at sea.

Apart from the mini-serial, this series featured guest appearances by Kym Marsh, Jane Danson, Sally Dynevor, Shayne Ward, Jack P. Shepherd, Leona Lewis, Bring Me the Horizon and Fleur East, along with appearances by YouTubers Alfie Deyes and Marcus Butler. The series also featured opening performances by Bryan Adams, Jess Glynne, Craig David and Katherine Jenkins, while "Singalong Live" featured appearances by Wet Wet Wet, Bryan Adams, Anastacia, and Peter Andre. For this series' contest between the presenters, the segment was hosted by Stephen Mulhern, replacing Roberts who took to hosting the segment "Best Seats", and was won by Dec with a score of 4–1. Sponsorship: Suzuki.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec

Takeaway Who

Who Shot Simon Cowell?

"End of the Show" - Show

Celebrity announcers
 20 February: Michael Sheen
 27 February: Lee Mack
 5 March: Kate Hudson
 12 March: David Tennant
 19 March: Hugh Jackman
 26 March: Mark Hamill
 2 April: James Nesbitt

Series 14 (2017)
The fourteenth series was aired during early Spring 2017, running for seven episodes from 25 February to 8 April, and averaging around 7.94 million viewers; the fourth episode (18 March) was broadcast later than scheduled to avoid clashing with live coverage of a Six Nations Championship match, and ran for just 60 minutes as opposed to the usual 90 minutes. Like the previous series, the final episode took place outside of the United Kingdom, being broadcast live from Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, with tickets for places in that episode's audience being offered throughout the series. This series saw the introduction of two short-lived segments - "Make 'Em Laugh" and "In For A Penny" - while the segment "Best Seat in the House" was presented by Scarlett Moffatt, after Roberts opted to not return to the show for a new series, and the stars of "Little Ant & Dec" now featured across the show and online, rather than in a dedicated segment. The game segment "Win the Ads" was also modified in this series, with it now featuring a viewer competition, in which those taking part competed against each other answered the same questions for a chance to win £1,000; in the fourth and sixth episode, technical difficulties prevented the competition from being used.

Like the previous series, a new mini-serial comedy drama was shown during this series broadcast, entitled "The Missing Crown Jewels", the boys starred in it alongside, Emilia Fox, Joanna Lumley, Cat Deeley, Aled Jones, Alan Titchmarsh, Gareth Malone, Martin Lewis, Clare Balding, Carol Vorderman, Shirley Bassey, Ian "H" Watkins, Alan Shearer, Jessica Ennis-Hill, and Michael Sheen, and which was later condensed into a single episode on 23 December 2017. Alfie Deyes & Marcus Butler didn't return after 1 series. This series also saw the introduction on an online game called "Ant & Dec vs. YouTubers", in which the presenters took on a pair of YouTubers on Wednesday during the series' broadcast, with filmed clips placed on the show's official YouTube channel.

Apart from the mini-serial, this series featured opening performances in a number of episodes by Robbie Williams, Kaiser Chiefs, Take That, Louisa Johnson, with the exception of the final episode in which the presenters performed a special rendition of the song Be Our Guest. For "Songalong Live", it featured performances by Steps, Louisa Johnson, CeeLo Green, and was unique for a number of factors: one of the contestants who took part was Freddie Flintoff, the episode's celebrity announcer, who was tasked with playing along in the game, with his success winning everyone in the studio audience tickets to the Steps' comeback tour; for the sixth episode, the song used was "Let It Go", as a prize of a "Place on the Plane" for the series finale at Walt Disney World the following week was on offer in addition to the usual £500. This series' contest between the presenter was won by Ant with a score of 3–1. Sponsorship: Suzuki.

Ratings

Ant vs. Dec: Through Time

"End of the Show" - Show

Celebrity announcers
 25 February: Michelle Keegan
 4 March: Brendan O'Carroll (as Mrs. Brown)
 11 March: Andrew “Freddie” Flintoff
 18 March: Hugh Bonneville
 25 March: Blake Harrison
 1 April: Alexander Armstrong
 8 April: Christina Ricci

Series 15 (2018)
The fifteenth series was aired in early Spring 2018, running for six episodes from 24 February to 7 April, and averaging around 8.43 million viewers. Like the previous series, the series finale took place outside of the UK at Universal Orlando Resort with tickets for places in this episode offered through the series, while it was the last series to be broadcast live from London Studios before its closure for redevelopment later in the year. This series saw "Little Ant & Dec" discontinued, owing to the production team deciding that the young actors for this segment had outgrown their roles and thus should be allowed to focus on their education, while "Ant & Dec Undercover" was restricted to just one episode, owing to the massive and complex amount of preparation done to film the segment. This series aired its 100th episode, which celebrated this milestone by featuring highlights from the last 99 episodes of Saturday Night Takeaway, along with a one-off revival of the segment "Home-Run", and a special edition of "Win the Ads", hosted by Emma Willis, in which the presenters tackled the game themselves on behalf of a studio audience member randomly chosen before the episode's broadcast.

As like the previous series, it features a mini-serial comedy drama entitled "Saturday Knight Takeaway", to be aired during the series' broadcast. The mini-serial features a large cast of celebrities: Ant & Dec, Holly Willoughby, Phillip Schofield, Olly Murs, David Walliams, Katie Price, Emilia Fox, Joanna Lumley, Aled Jones, Alan Titchmarsh, Gareth Malone, Martin Lewis, Clare Balding, Carol Vorderman, Shirley Bassey, Ian "H" Watkins, Alan Shearer, Jessica Ennis-Hill, Michael Sheen and Noel Edmonds. Apart from the mini-serial, the series featured opening performances from Kylie Minogue, George Ezra, Paloma Faith, as well as a special rendition of Everybody Needs Somebody to Love for the series finale. For "Singalong Live", it featured performances by Sophie Ellis-Bextor, The Script, and The Rembrandts.

This series is notable for being affected greatly by the absence of Anthony McPartlin following the fourth episode, after he was involved in a traffic accident on 18 March 2018, connected to drink-driving, which led to him suspending further presenting duties the following day for the rest of the series and other programmes. As a direct result, it led to an episode that was planned for the 24 March 2018 to be cancelled by ITV, and the discontinuation of "Ant vs. Dec" for the rest of the series after two challenges. However, its most significant impact, was that it led to Declan Donnelly hosting the remaining two episodes by himself, the first time he had presented a programme in 30 years without McPartlin, with his co-presenters Stephen Mulhern and Scarlett Moffatt receiving expanded roles in these episodes. Although absent, McPartlin appeared in these episodes but solely within the pre-recorded editions of the mini-serial "Saturday Knight Takeaway". The decision to continue the series after the incident had occurred was primarily down to the presenters and the production team choosing not to cancel tickets made out to people who had secured a place within the audience for the series finale in Florida. Sponsorship: Suzuki.

Ratings

Saturday Knight Takeaway

Ant vs Dec

*Commentated by Monster Jam commentator Jody Donnelly.

Ant & Dec Undercover

I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear!

"End of the Show" - Show

Star guest announcers
 24 February: Olly Murs
 3 March: Cuba Gooding Jr.
 10 March: James Corden
 17 March: Emma Bunton
 31 March: Stephen Merchant
 7 April: Denise Richards

Series 16 (2020)
The sixteenth series of Saturday Night Takeaway returned on 22 February 2020 on ITV and was the first series to see the return of Anthony McPartlin hosting alongside Declan Donnelly following his absence from the previous series' last two episodes in which Donnelly hosted solely. It was also the first to be broadcast from their new home at Television Centre, London following the closure of The London Studios in 2018. Stephen Mulhern returned to host the Ant vs. Dec segment, which for this series had a "global" theme to all of the challenges. However, Scarlett Moffatt did not return to the show as she left to focus on other TV projects. Andi Peters and Fleur East joined this series to present the competition and part of the Place on the Plane giveaway, respectively.

This series saw a new mini-serial entitled Men in Brown starring Ant & Dec still serving as undercover agents for The Honoured and tasked with saving the world from an alien invasion. Phillip Schofield, Holly Willoughby, Emily Atack, Amanda Holden, Amber Gill, Simon Cowell, Richard Ayoade, Paul Hollywood (as The Host), Paddy McGuinness, and Hugh Bonneville (replacing Joanna Lumley as the head of The Honoured) guest starred in the mini-serial.

Another new segment called Don't Feed the Pandas, involved Ant & Dec dressing up in realistic prosthetic panda costumes in an attempt to fool school kids at London Zoo. Other features returning from the previous series include I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear!, Singalong Live and Undercover. Win the Ads also returned with a minor tweak in its format, the viewers competition used in the previous two series was discontinued and instead, one of the 16 prizes on the boýard would be won not just by the contestant but for the entire studio audience (studio crew in the fifth episode) as well.

The first I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear! of the series was with American actor Mark Wahlberg at his London restaurant where he pranked members of the public with the help of Ant & Dec talking into an ear piece. The first show marked the return of Ashley Roberts with The Pussycat Dolls to the show she left after Series 13 in 2016. The second I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear! was with British Boxer and "Heavyweight Champion of the World" Anthony Joshua at his local boxing club where pranked three members of the public by saying that they were going to be his personal chief with the help of Ant & Dec talking into an ear piece. The third I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear! was with British singer-songwriter and DJ Craig David.

Andi Peters presented the competition segment, which in the first episode was live from Bermuda, Nuneaton, the second episode was live from New York in Newcastle and the fourth episode was live from Melbourne, Derbyshire. He was in the studio for episode five. In the second episode, Fleur East gave some tickets for a Place on the Plane to a winning family in Bristol and in the fourth episode Fleur East visited Kingston upon Hull where the family who guessed the restaurant correctly (which was Papas Fish and Chips shop in Kingston upon Hull) won another Place on the Plane.

The Place on the Plane giveaway was again announced on the first show of the series, with the series finale location revealed as Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida for the second time (having previously hosted the series finale in Series 14). It was also confirmed it would be the largest ever giveaway by a British television programme with 300 guests being invited to be the audience for the show. This was done in partnership with Virgin Atlantic. However, on 13 March, it was announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic that the finale would be cancelled and the ticket holders instead enjoyed a 5-star hotel stay at the park at a later date.

Following viewer complaints about the 14 March episode still having a live audience despite the pandemic and the Prime Minister Boris Johnson advising against all mass gatherings in an effort to slow down the spread, ITV confirmed on 17 March that the remaining episodes of the series would be produced without a live audience, with a reduced production crew, and a shorter 60-minute running time for the last two episodes.
It was later revealed on Twitter that the last two episodes would be hosted live from Ant & Dec's living rooms, in the form of a video call with each other, and contain pre-recorded content, shortly after the UK was put into lockdown.
Sponsorship: Deliveroo

Ratings

Opening Performance

Men in Brown

Ant vs Dec Goes Global

*Commentated by Clive Tyldesley.

Ant & Dec Undercover

*The Undercover was under the title of "Bradley Walsh 2: The Chase Is On"

*Re-screening of Gordon Ramsay's Undercover prank from 2014

*Re-screening of James Corden's Undercover prank from 2016.

Singalong Live

I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear!

*Re-screening of Richard Madeley's Get Out of Me Ear! prank from 2015

*Re-screening of Dermot O'Leary's Get Out of Me Ear! prank from 2017

"End of the Show" - Show

Star Guest Announcers:

 22 February: Camila Cabello
 29 February: Rob Brydon
 7 March: Greg James
 14 March: Joanna Lumley
 21 March: Joel Dommett
 28 March: N/A
 4 April: N/A

Series 17 (2021)
The seventeenth series of Saturday Night Takeaway returned on 20 February 2021. For the first time in the show's history, due to COVID-19 regime, a virtual audience wall was used and included interactive features such as live polling. I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear! and Ant v Dec were amongst the series' returning features
1, alongside a new mini-series entitled 'Double Trouble' and the weekly 'Takeaway Rainbow,' during which viewers were encouraged to look out of their window to find a rainbow light display projected in one area of the country and to message the show on if they could see the rainbow. A random winner living in the area where the rainbow was that week would then receive Takeaway Getaway tickets by Fleur East. Locations included: Aintree, Kent, Chepstow, Portsmouth & Peterborough.

A new segment for this series was “On Air Dares” in where Stephen Mulhern set various challenges to the presenters of ITV Daytime programmes: Good Morning Britain, Lorraine, This Morning & Loose Women. Challenges presented by Stephen in the studio via a card involved saying or doing a particular task live on TV e.g. pretending to have a cramp, saying words like “totes emosh”, pretending to see a spider in the studio etc. This Morning were declared winners since they completed the most dares.

Also due to the COVID-19 regime the series finale will be live at the Television Centre, London and the main 'Happiest Minute' and series giveaway was changed to reflect this. Now called the 'Takeaway Getaway,' winners are given the opportunity to take an all-inclusive holiday anytime up to April 2023 courtesy of TUI. Sponsorship: National Lottery

Ratings

Opening Performance

Double Trouble

Ant vs Dec: Go for Gold

*Commentated by Clive Tyldesley.

Singalong Live

Ant & Dec Undercover

I'm a Celebrity...Get Out of Me Ear!

"End of the Show" - Show

Star Guest Announcers:
 20 February: Olly Alexander
 27 February: Gordon Ramsay
 6 March: Rob Delaney
 13 March: Michelle Visage
 20 March: Romesh Ranganathan
 27 March: Alesha Dixon
 3 April: Mo Gilligan

Series 18 (2022)
On 9 February 2022, ITV revealed on their Twitter page that the eighteenth series of Saturday Night Takeaway will be airing for its usual seven-week run from 19 February 2022 to 9 April 2022. Series 18 saw the return of a full live studio audience, this is the first time since S16E4 which was broadcast on 14 March 2020 that the show had a live audience, as well as a brand new mini-series called Polter Guys. Jordan North joined this series appearing during the "Happiest Minute Of The Week" segment surprising someone live with a "Gift on the Shift" in where they win a "Takeaway Getaway"
Sponsorship: National Lottery

New segments for this series included “Ring My Bell”, “Kiddi-oke”, “Level Up” and a revamp to last years Takeaway Rainbow called “Chase The Rainbow”. "Sofa Watch" also made its first return since series 15.

Returning segments from last series included “Saturday Night at the Movies” and “On-Air Dares”.

Ratings

Polter Guys

Ant vs Dec vs…

Ant and Dec Undercover

I'm A Celebrity Get Out Of Me Ear…

Singalong Live

"End of the Show" - Show

Star Guest Announcers:
 19 February: RuPaul
 26 February: Adam Lambert
 5 March: Paloma Faith
 12 March: Richard E. Grant
 26 March: Anna Maxwell Martin
 2 April: Steve Coogan (acting as Alan Partridge)
 9 April: Lee Mack

Series 19 (2023)
The nineteenth series aired between 25th February 2023 and 8th April 2023 for its usual 7 episode run. It was announced that the series finale would be taking place at Universal Orlando Resort for the first time since 2018, and it is also the first finale abroad since before the COVID-19 pandemic, after cancelling going to Walt Disney World Resort in 2020. It is also Anthony McPartlin’s first Saturday Night Takeaway trip abroad since Walt Disney World in 2017, as he had to miss out on the last trip abroad to Universal Orlando Result in 2018 due to his rehabilitation. A 60 minute documentary entitled "Ant & Dec’s Saturday Night Takeaway: Behind the Screens" is being filmed during the series. Jordan North returned to the show with a new feature named “The Takeaway Truck” alongside Fleur East who stars in “Gift On A Shift” during the “Happiest Minute” & a new game “Who You Gonna Call?” and Andi Peters promoting a competition in various locations each week, along with a brand new mini-series called "Murder at Bigwig Manor". Sponsorship: Rightmove.

Murder At Bigwig Manor

Ant vs Dec vs…

Ant & Dec Undercover

I'm A Celebrity Get Out Of Me Ear…

Singalong Live

"End of the Show" - Show

Star Guest Announcers:
 25 February: David Tennant
 4 March: Big Zuu
 11 March: Daisy May Cooper
 18 March: Toni Collette
 25 March: Jill Scott
 1 April: Rob Beckett
 8 April: Nicole Scherzinger

References

Ant & Dec
Lists of British non-fiction television series episodes


title: Online video presentations

text:
Presentation programs for preparing and delivering online video presentations have a place in educational instruction. They enable presentation of teaching materials in the form of a slide show or as a screencast. Among such packages Microsoft PowerPoint is the most widely used in instructional contexts. The live instructor retains a vital role in delivering the presentation.

Features of MS PowerPoint
MS PowerPoint has become the dominant presentation tool because it is both readily available and easy for instructors to use (Grabe & Grabe 2007). It allows instructors to create and manipulate presentations in a wide variety of contexts that can enhance student’s interest and engagement (Mills & Roblyer, 2006). In addition, it helps instructors clearly identify the main points of a topic or activity while still providing the details through presentation (Loisel & Galer, 2004). Instructors can incorporate multiple types of media formats (e.g., diagram, photo, drawing, sound and video) that cannot be easily integrated together into one single medium. PowerPoint also provides graphical, transactional, aesthetic and interactive features. PowerPoint is for use in the classroom, and needs to be paired with use of an LCD projector and large screen.

The role of the instructor
In order to be successful, an instructor needs to guide the audience through the presentation, keep their interest, and attract their attention (Chiasson & Gutwin, 2005).

See also
 Presentation slide
 Comparison of screencasting software
 Educational technology

References

Educational technology
Presentation software


title: Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank

text:
Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank (PBGB) () is a regional rural bank headquartered at Puducherry in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. The bank is jointly owned by Central and Union territory Governments & sponsored by Indian Bank. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is named after the great poet Subramania Bharati to honor him.

See also

 Banking in India
 List of banks in India
 Reserve Bank of India
 Regional Rural Bank
 Indian Financial System Code
 List of largest banks
 List of companies of India
 Make in India

References

External links
 Rural banks at rbi.org.in
 List of all Grameen Banks in India at freshersplane.com
 nabard.org

Regional rural banks of India
Companies based in Puducherry
2008 establishments in Puducherry
Banks established in 2008
Indian companies established in 2008


title: Leif Nordgren

text:
Leif Nordgren (born May 18, 1989 in Colorado Springs, Colorado) is an American biathlete.

Living in Minnesota and introduced to biathlon by his elder sister Sonne at age 14, he started competing seriously in the sport at age 17. He placed top ten in all events in the 2008 Junior World Championships, obtaining a bronze medal in 10 km pursuit. He has competed in the World Championships 2011–2019, with the best results in relays (6 in 2011). His best individual result in the World Championship is 17 in mass start in 2011.

Nordgren competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. He has qualified to represent the United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

He is a 2007 graduate of Forest Lake Area High School. He is a specialist in the Vermont Army National Guard.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
0 medals

*The mixed relay was added as an event in 2014.

World Championships
0 medals

*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**The mixed relay was added as an event in 2005.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
American male biathletes
American military Olympians
Olympic biathletes for the United States
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Minnesota
American people of Norwegian descent
United States Army soldiers
Vermont National Guard personnel
21st-century American sportsmen


title: List of ministers of internal affairs of the Faroe Islands

text:
The minister of internal affairs (Faroese: landsstýrismaðurin í innlendismálum or innlendismálaráðharrin) is responsible for the municipalities, the isolated and distant small islands (Útoyggjar), the infrastructure, police, the court, environment, issues regarding immigrants and the administration of Faroese political elections. For a short period in 2008 under Jóannes Eidesgaards second cabinet, this cabinet was called Ministry of Justice, but it was responsible for the same affairs.

See also

 Justice ministry
 Politics of the Faroe Islands

References

Internal
Faroe Islands


title: WX notation

text:
WX notation is a transliteration scheme for representing Indian languages in ASCII. This scheme originated at IIT Kanpur for computational processing of Indian languages, and is widely used among the natural language processing (NLP) community in India. The notation (though unidentified) is used, for example, in a textbook on NLP from IIT Kanpur. The salient features of this transliteration scheme are: Every consonant and every vowel has a single mapping into Roman. Hence it is a prefix code, advantageous from a computation point of view. Typically the small case letters are used for un-aspirated consonants and short vowels while the capital case letters are used for aspirated consonants and long vowels. While the retroflexed voiceless and voiced consonants are mapped to 't, T, d and D', the dentals are mapped to 'w, W, x and X'. Hence the name of the scheme "WX", referring to the idiosyncratic mapping. Ubuntu Linux provides a keyboard support for WX notation.

Vowels

Sonorants

Anusvāra and visarga

The Anunasika is represented by 'z'. For example, अँ = az.
In Sanskrit, the Avagraha is represented by 'Z'. For example, वमतोऽन्तः = vamawoZnwaH. This may cause confusion as 'Z' is also used for another purpose in the case of other Indic languages (see below, last paragraph).

Consonants

This scheme was further extended to represent all the Indian scripts derived from Brahmi.
To account for the characters from other Indian languages that are missing in Devanagari, three operators are used: 'Y' to get the next ISCII character, 'V' to get the previous ISCII character and 'Z' to add the nukta. Thus for example, 'l' represents ल (U0932) of Devanagari, and 'lY' represents ळ (U0933) in Marathi. 'e' represents ए (U090F) of Devanagari or ఏ (U0C0F) of Telugu and eV represents ऎ (U090E) or ఎ (U0C0E) of Telugu. Similarly 'ka' represents क of Devanagari, and 'kZa' represents क़.

See also
 Devanagari transliteration
 IAST
 ITRANS
 National Library at Kolkata romanization
 International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration

References

External links
Tools for Analysis of Sanskrit (संसाधनी) University server
Tools for Analysis of Sanskrit (संसाधनी) Cloud server
Sanskrit Heritage site
Online Sanskrit Utilities
Python Implementation

Hindustani orthography
Romanization of Brahmic
Sanskrit transliteration
Hindi


title: Wayne Harper

text:
Wayne A. Harper (born February 27, 1956) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing District 16 since 2023. Prior to redistricting he represented District 6 starting in 2013. Harper served in the Utah House of Representatives from January 1, 1997, until December 31, 2012, in the District 43 seat.

Early life, education, and career
Harper earned his Bachelor of Arts in History and Master of Science from Brigham Young University. He is married to KaLee, and together they have eleven children. Harper is a Certified Archivist, Certified Real Estate Consultant, and Certified Real Estate Developer. He works as a Business and Economic Development Consultant, and for Taylorsville City. In his professional career, Harper has been affiliated with the Conference of Inter-Mountain Archivists, the International Economic Development Council, and the International Council of Shopping Centers.

Political career
Harper started his political career as a West Jordan City Councilman. He has also served as the President of the Streamline Sales Tax Governing Board and on the Utah State Historical Records Advisory Board, Utah State Capitol Preservation Board, and Utah Alliance for Economic Development.
Harper served in the House of Representatives from 1997–2012, and was elected to the Utah Senate in 2012. During the 2016 Legislative Session, Harper served on the following committees:
 Business, Economic Development, and Labor Appropriations Subcommittee
 Infrastructure and General Government Appropriations Subcommittee (Senate Chair)
 Senate Revenue and Taxation Committee
 Senate Transportation and Public Utilities and Technology Committee

Elections
In 2012 when Senate District 6 Republican Senator Michael G. Waddoups left the Legislature and left the seat open, Harper was selected from two candidates by the Republican convention for the November 6, 2012, General election, which he won with 28,073 votes (83%) against Democratic nominee John Rendell, who had run for Legislative seats in 2008 and 2010. Senator Harper is currently up for reelection.

Legislation

2016 sponsored bills

Notable legislation
In 2016 Senator Harper passed Senate Bill 210, which outlines and regulates the use of recreational drones in Utah. The law also gives local police the authority to shoot down drones if they are not in compliance with the law, and if being shot down does not pose a threat to people or animals. This bill does not apply to commercial drones.

Controversial legislation
In 2018 Harper sponsored SB136 which was signed into law. Among other provisions, SB136 includes an additional annual registration fee of up to $120 on clean air vehicles. The additional fees were opposed by air quality advocates such as the nonprofits Breathe Utah, and Utah Clean Energy which has stated the fees are misguided. Clean air advocates have voiced concerns that the additional fees will slow electric vehicle adoption and promote poorer air quality in Utah.

References

External links
 Official page at the Utah State Senate

 Wayne Harper at Ballotpedia

 Wayne A. Harper at the National Institute on Money in State Politics

Place of birth missing (living people)
1956 births
Living people
Brigham Young University alumni
Republican Party members of the Utah House of Representatives
People from Taylorsville, Utah
Republican Party Utah state senators
21st-century American politicians


The Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, also known as Pyramid of Baka and Pyramid of Bikheris is the term archaeologists and Egyptologists use to describe a large shaft part of an unfinished pyramid at Zawyet El Aryan in Egypt. Archaeologists are generally of the opinion that it belongs to the early or the mid-4th Dynasty (2613–2494 BC) during the Old Kingdom period. The pyramid owner is not known for certain and most Egyptologists, such as Miroslav Verner, think it should be a king known under his hellenized name, Bikheris, perhaps from the Egyptian Baka. In contrast, Wolfgang Helck and other Egyptologists doubt this attribution.

Research history
The first descriptions of the monument were made between 1842 and 1846 by the German egyptologist Karl Richard Lepsius. He investigated the main shaft and its surroundings and marked the pyramid in his pioneering list as "Pyramid XIII".

The pyramid shaft was examined more closely in 1904–1905 by the Italian archaeologist Alessandro Barsanti. Gaston Maspero, then director-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, visited Barsanti's excavations and was struck by the monumental size of the construction. He writes:

Barsanti undertook further work on the site in 1911–1912 but the First World War brought all excavations to a halt and Barsanti died in 1917. As a consequence, nothing happened on the site until 1954 when a set was needed for the epic film Land of the Pharaohs. The landscape of Zawyet El Aryan seemed to be the perfect place and the pyramid of Baka was chosen as a backdrop for the movie. Consequentlty, the shaft and its surroundings were cleared from the sand and rubbles which had covered the area since Barsanti's excavations.

Since 1964 the pyramid of Baka lies within a military restricted area. Consequently, no excavations are allowed, the necropolis surrounding the pyramid is overbuilt with military bungalows and the shaft is misused as a local dump. Thus, the status of the shaft is now uncertain and most likely disastrous.

Description

Location
The pyramid of Baka is located in the Northern sector of Zawyet El Aryan, around  south-west of Giza, in the North-Eastern corner of the military restricted area.

Superstructure
Next to nothing is known about the superstructure of the pyramid as indeed only the square base, made of natural bedrock, was finished. It measures  and shows traces of a surrounding pedestal, preserved for the limestone covering. The exact planned size and slope cannot be evaluated because no covering blocks nor any pyramidion were ever found and pyramid pedestals were always larger than the base of the pyramid itself. Thus, it cannot be excluded that the planned size of the pyramid could have been noticeably smaller.

Substructure
The substructure consists of a T-shaped shaft, the corridor of which is on a South to North axis and the chamber on an East to West axis. The complete shaft has no remaining ceiling and it is possible that it never had any. A steep stairway leads down to the chamber. At half its length the stairway is interrupted by a horizontal surface of unknown purpose. The shaft walls are smooth but were never covered with stones and the chamber was never completed. Only the floor of the chamber was finished and covered with massive granite blocks, each being  long and  thick and weighing up to 9 tons each. Close to the Western end of the chamber an unusual vat was discovered. It has an oval shape and was embedded into one of the stone blocks constituting the chamber floor. It seems that the vat was brought into the chamber some time during the construction of the foundations since it is too big to fit through the passageway leading to the chamber. The vat is  long,  broad and  deep. The oval lid was found in situ, indicating that the vat was found sealed. According to Barsanti, small traces of a substance were found inside the vat, but unfortunately they were never examined closer and today they are lost. Furthermore, Barsanti claims to have found a damaged dedication tablet with the name of king Djedefre on it.

Pyramid complex
The alignment of the pyramid complex is very similar to that of the pyramid of Djedefre.
It consisted of a  enclosure wall within which the mortuary temple should have been located. However, since the first layer of the pyramid was never even started, the surrounding complex was also left unfinished and there are no traces of a mortuary temple, a causeway, a valley temple or any other cultic building.

Dating

Dynasty

Egyptologists and historians continue to debate the dating of the pyramid of Baka. They point to several graffiti made of black and red ink, which were found in the chamber and in the descending stairway. Alessandro Barsanti recorded at least 67 inscriptions. They record the names of different workmen crews as well as the name of the planned pyramid complex: Seba ?-Ka, meaning "The Star of ?-Ka". The workmen crew whose name appears most often — thus being the leading crew during the building works — was Wer-ef-seba ?-Ka, meaning "Great Like the Star of (King) ?-Ka". Inscription No.35 gives the name Neferka-Nefer (meaning "His Beautiful Ka is Flawless"), but otherwise lacks any reference to known people from the 4th Dynasty. Graffiti No.15 and No.52 also mention an interesting royal name: Nebkarâ, meaning "Lord of the Ka of Râ". It is unknown if this is actually the name of a yet unknown king or that of a prince. A further inscription, No.55, mentions a possible Gold name: Neb hedjet-nwb, meaning "Lord of the Golden Crown". Some egyptologists propose that this is either the Horus name of king Huni or the Gold name of king Nebka. This, however, would implicate that the pyramid was built during the late 3rd Dynasty rather than the 4th.

Name of the king

The main problem is the correct reading of the cartouche name found within at least six ink inscriptions. Whilst the lower and therefore second hieroglyphic sign is certainly a Ka-symbol, the first sign is illegible. Unfortunately the excavator, Alessandro Barsanti made no facsimiles of the inscriptions and made rather slipshod hand-drawings instead, so that the first hieroglyph remains indecipherable. As a consequence there are several alternative readings of the cartouche name: Kurt Sethe reads Nebka ("His Ka is the lord"), Jean-Philippe Lauer reads Bik-Ka ("his Ka is divine"), Peter Kaplony reads Schena-Ka ("his Ka is forceful") and Gaston Maspero reads Nefer-Ka ("his Ka is beautiful/flawless"). Wolfhart Westendorf even proposes the depiction of a giraffe, an animal that was seen as wise and bedizen with shamanistic powers.

Jürgen von Beckerath and George Reisner instead think that the pyramid was planned as the tomb for a well attested prince of the 4th Dynasty named Baka, a son of king Djedefre. Baka's name is written with the hieroglyphs of a ram together with the Ka-symbol. Beckerath assumes that Baka changed his name into Bakarê ("Soul and Ka of Râ") when he ascended the throne but then died unexpectedly, leaving nothing more than an unfinished tomb shaft. Thus, Beckerath and Reisner read the mysterious name at Zawyet El Aryan as Ba-Ka ("His Ka is his Ba"). Aidan Dodson instead sees a sitting Seth-animal and therefore reads the name found in the pyramid as Seth-Ka ("Seth is my Ka"). He believes that the pyramid was planned as the tomb of prince Setka, another son of king Djedefre. Dodson doubts the reading "Baka" and wonders why the cartouche name at Zawyet El Aryan contains no sun-hieroglyph when it was meant to be addressed to the sun god. Either way, both theories, if correct, would place the pyramid of Baka firmly in the 4th Dynasty. Supporting this datation, von Beckerath, Reisner and Dodson point to the architectural features of the burial shaft, in particular the use of hewn granite blocks for bases in such sizes occurs no earlier than the reign of Khufu. Additionally, according to Barsanti, fragments of a similar oval sarcophagus were found in the ruins of the pyramid of Djedefre. Furthermore, von Beckerath, Reisner and Dodson point to the dedication tablet of Djedefre allegedly found by Barsanti near the stairway of the pyramid of Baka as a proof of its 4th Dynasty date.

Kurt Sethe, Nabil M.A. Swelim and Wolfgang Helck contradict the former arguments and date the shaft to the late 3rd Dynasty. They point out that, in general, the use of hewn granite as a floor covering in royal tombs was a tradition since the reign of king Khasekhemwy, the last pharaoh of 2nd Dynasty. Furthermore, the tradition of building shaft-like tombs beneath a pyramid was a tradition of the 3rd Dynasty, not of the 4th Dynasty. The alignment of the pyramid complex on a South to North axis was also a common during the 3rd Dynasty. Additionally, W. Helck and Eberhard Otto point out, that the design similarities between the pyramid of Baka and that of Djedefre might be striking, but the design of Djedefre's pyramid was atypical for the 4th Dynasty anyway. Thus, to use Djedefre's tomb design as a comparison argument cannot confirm a 4th Dynasty datation. Finally, egyptologists doubt the evaluations of Barsanti concerning the size of the pyramid base. They think that the pyramid was not so big as Lepsius and Barsanti evaluated. They also doubt the finding of Djedefre's dedication tablet, because this artifact was never published.

See also
 List of Egyptian pyramids

References

Buildings and structures completed in the 26th century BC
Pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
Zawyet El Aryan
Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan


title: Street Artists Program of San Francisco

text:
The Street Artists Program of San Francisco is a municipal arts program in which independent street artists and craftspeople sell their art and craft items in designated public spaces in the city of San Francisco, California. The artists are licensed by the San Francisco Arts Commission and are only allowed to sell work that has been "predominantly created or significantly altered in form" by the street artist. The Arts Commission currently licenses approximately 400 street artists, whose licensing fees cover all program costs. The program generates an estimated $4 million annually for the city's economy.

The program was the result of a hard-fought political battle by street artists who were sometimes harassed and arrested by police for selling their work on the city's sidewalks. In response, street artists strategically organized by forming their own guild, hiring a lawyer, and drafting two ballot initiatives in order to create laws that enabled them to sell their work in public places. Some street artists were willing to be arrested time and again in order to draw media attention to their cause and to push for a change in existing laws.

History
During the 1960s, California was the site of many outdoor art fairs, which nurtured a culture of independent artists and craftspersons. At this time there was an effort to sell crafts on the sidewalks of the liberal Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco. Artists and street performers who illegally set up in public areas were frequently harassed and arrested by the police. In the 700 block of Beach Street adjacent to Victorian Park and near Fisherman's Wharf, between 15 and 25 artists would set up their displays and use lookouts to alert them to the arrival of the police.

1971
Following the February 6, 1971 arrest of several street artists, including William Clark, in the 700 block of Beach Street, a first attempt was made to organize the street artists. Under the direction of Warren Garrick (Nettles), a sculptor-painter who would become the group's "chief spokesman", the San Francisco Street Artists Guild was formed. The Guild hired a lawyer, Peter Keane, and began to develop a "political strategy" to manage interactions with the police and with local retail merchants.

Keane and street-art activists noted that artists who were arrested for illegally selling their work on San Francisco's sidewalks were being charged with peddling without a license – although the city's laws contained a provision to issue peddlers' permits. However, the police department, which oversaw the granting of peddlers’ permits, was unwilling to issue any new permits, and it was revealed that only two sellers had been granted peddlers’ permits since 1969. Keane and the activists realized that the city had placed itself in a difficult position by arbitrarily denying access to a provision within the city charter, and prepared to legally exploit that vulnerability.

In April the street artists staged a couple of protests at city hall and at Mayor Joseph Alioto's office while carrying a coffin, which symbolized the death of their incomes as a result of frequent police arrests. The protests garnered news coverage and Alioto promised to speak to the police chief about a solution for the permits, and afterward schedule talks with the artists' organizers. During those later dialogues with Mayor Alioto, Garrick suggested that the city should consider a separate licensing system for artists who sell their own creations, and provide designated selling areas for those licensed artists. Alioto was not resistant to the proposal, the talks went well, and Garrick left the meetings feeling that there would be a moratorium on the arrests.

However, later in May when the talks began to stall, Garrick realized that no real progress was being made with the mayor and the police chief. The artists then acquired a temporary state park permit allowing them to sell in Victorian Park. At the end of the afternoon, when the permit expired, they moved their wares from the park to the nearby sidewalks of Beach Street, the police made arrests, and the moratorium was officially over. When the arrested artists were arraigned before Judge Axelrod, he commented that he "thought that the code section was unconstitutional" because the law sets no clear standards for licensing and makes no provision for fair hearings on permit applications. Recognizing the city's legal jeopardy, the Guild's organizers recruited the ACLU and lawyer Robert Kantor to file suit against the city over the arrests, because the city had given "absolute and unguided discretion to the license granting authority which consistently and systematically denies permits to artists and musicians". The Guild further contended that such works – when sold on public sidewalks – are expressions of art protected under the First Amendment.

In September, as a result of the ACLU lawsuit, a Superior Court judge issued a restraining order that prohibited the police from arresting artists who sold their work on the sidewalks. However, the police did not halt the ongoing arrests, and in October, Judge Ira Brown issued an injunction and scolded the police for ignoring the restraining order. That injunction meant that any police officer who arrested a street artist could be fined or jailed by Judge Brown. Word quickly spread of the new legal privilege and hundreds of new street artists, as well as opportunists, came to the sidewalks of crowded Union Square to sell their wares during the busy Christmas season. The flood of new street artists and other sellers who could now operate with no regulations or enforcement created an environment of chaos, and fights occasionally broke out over the selection of selling spaces. An Ad Hoc Committee Against Street Vendors, formed by San Francisco businessman Cyril Magnin, branded the sidewalk selling scene as a public safety hazard. The disorder and violence that prevailed in December foreshadowed a continuing and grave liability for this and any other street artists program: Without regulation and an enforcement strategy, any street artists program could easily be infiltrated by opportunists who would make money their sole priority, drastically lower the quality of products, sell commercially manufactured items, and occasionally resort to intimidation or violence during selling-space selection.

On December 15 another Superior Court judge overruled the injunction, declaring that the peddlers' ordinance was not unconstitutional, and that the police could continue with the arrests. With less than ten days before the end of the Christmas retail season, Mayor Alioto instructed police to stop the arrests and only issue warnings.

The arrests and legal efforts of 1971 attracted enough media attention that a member of the San Francisco Arts Commission, Ray Taliaferro, expressed his desire that the Arts Commission should support legislation to license and regulate street artists and street musicians. In December, Taliaferro declared to the media, "I hate to see the street artists and musicians run out of the city. This is a significant artistic revolution we see going on. The city should do what it can to encourage these people".

1972
In January 1972 Alioto proposed that artists should be licensed and regulated by some city agency, and he granted the three requested areas where street artists could sell: inside Union Square on weekends, on the 700 block of Beach Street on Sundays, and at Embarcadero Plaza full-time. City Supervisor Quentin Kopp, responding to pressure from downtown merchants, questioned the mayor's authority to initiate such a program. Two other Supervisors, Terry Francois and Robert Mendelson, introduced a resolution that would allow artists to acquire permits, allow the Supervisors to select selling locations, and have the artists' peers judge whether or not their products were of their own creation. It was essential to Alioto and the Supervisors that artists would only be "selling their own work, not commercial products purchased from wholesalers". Alioto and the Supervisors felt that allowing the sale of commercially manufactured items would put the street artists in unfair competition with storeowners, who must also include their rental costs and employee salaries within their prices.

Kopp followed by submitting his own resolution to the Board of Supervisors. Under Kopp's plan, the program would be run by a chief administrator, and the Board of Supervisors would determine who should receive a license and where the artists would be allowed to sell. Kopp also suggested that the price of a license should be minimal, being between $48 and $100 a year.

In March the Board of Supervisors approved a proposal to have street artists receive their licenses through the San Francisco Arts Commission, which would have a committee evaluate if the work was of the artist's own creation and not a commercially manufactured product. Street artist representatives Garrick and Clark were named as chairman and secretary, respectively, of the screening committee. The Board of Supervisors reserved the right to choose selling locations for the artists. Not all members of the Arts Commission were receptive to the proposal. Commissioner Alec Yuill complained that the new responsibilities would be a "demeaning imposition. A matter of public nuisance, not of artistic judgment". Commissioners Taliaferro and Ruth Asawa did support the artists and the creation of a street artists' program.

From the street artists' point of view, the sole area which the Board of Supervisors approved for selling – Embarcadero Plaza – was the least desirable of the three originally proposed selling areas, since there was little foot traffic in the area. The artists' organizers continued to schedule meetings before the Board of Supervisors in an attempt to include the 700 block of Beach Street and downtown selling locations as well. They met stiff resistance from Supervisors Dianne Feinstein, Pete Tamaras, and Terry Francois, who were reluctant to approve any selling areas without the approval of the downtown merchants association. By this time the merchants and retail stores had become very organized and inflexible concerning the issue of additional selling areas. At an August Board of Supervisors meeting, Garrick and Clark protested the inflexibility of the Supervisors by refusing to leave the podium, and were arrested for disturbing the peace. Frustrated with the impasse over additional selling areas, the two resigned from the screening committee in December and many newly licensed artists risked arrest and went back to selling illegally on the 700 block of Beach Street and on the downtown sidewalks.

1973
In 1972 and 1973 the Street Artists Guild made nine appeals to the Board of Supervisors for viable selling spaces before deciding to submit a ballot initiative directly to the voters. Under the state constitution, laws can be enacted directly by citizens via a ballot initiative process and the approval of a majority of voters during an election. Clark authored a ballot initiative called Proposition J, which would require about 12,500 signatures of registered voters in order to qualify for placement on the ballot in an upcoming election.

1974
Clark and other street artists gathered 26,000 signatures for Proposition J, which was included on the ballot in the municipal election of June 1974. The initiative passed by a margin of 53.4% to 46.5%, with 80,991 votes in favor and 70,418 votes against. Under Proposition J, street artists were allowed to sell their wares virtually anywhere on the city's sidewalks. The new arts program attracted hundreds of new artists to San Francisco's sidewalks, and by December 1974, 1,500 street artists would be licensed.

In September, a few months after the ballot initiative passed, the downtown merchants association began to complain that the sidewalks had become flooded with street sellers, and that their displays created "wall-to-wall street artists" who "seriously hamper pedestrian traffic". In the beginning of December, the police, carrying out new Fire Department rules, began to clear many street artists out of the downtown area. Their explanation was that the artists and their displays were blocking fire hydrants and store exits. Though the artists left quietly after police warnings, the Street Artists Guild said it would challenge the police crackdown in court. The next day, an appeals court judge issued a writ of mandate that temporarily blocked the enforcement of the new Fire Department rules until a hearing by Judge Ira Brown would be held in Superior Court. At the same time, the Guild's lawyer set up a meeting with the artists to create a system of self-regulation, in an attempt to keep them out of the courts.

Without any regulation or enforcement, selling spaces were acquired on a first-come, first-served basis. So many artists decided to sell near the popular downtown areas that some had to show up as early as 3 am in order to get a good selling space for the day. Eventually some sellers began to guard their selling spaces overnight. Frustrated with the congestion caused by street artists, the Board of Supervisors passed a new ordinance, sponsored by Kopp, which sharply reduced the number of selling locations by specifying that an artist's display must be on a sidewalk that was wide enough to allow a  wide pedestrian walkway. Since many sidewalks were not wide enough to satisfy the width requirement, the ordinance effectively eliminated 98% of selling spaces granted by Proposition J. The street artists' concerns over the restrictions of the Kopp Ordinance were eased by the fact that the ordinance was likely to be challenged in court by the Guild's lawyers, because it conflicted with the provisions of Proposition J.

1975
The Kopp Ordinance was approved by the Board of Supervisors in January 1975. For the first half of 1975 the artists grudgingly sold within the Kopp Ordinance's restrictions, but by May many artists chose to protest the new ordinance by violating its provisions and selling in "undesignated areas", choosing to be arrested and jailed rather than simply signing a police citation and going home. In June the Board of Supervisors, sensing the vulnerability of the Kopp Ordinance within the courts, decided to write its own street artists ballot initiative called Proposition L, which would repeal Proposition J. (By law, a voter-approved ballot initiative cannot be overturned by the Board of Supervisors, only by another ballot initiative.) Proposition L would set up a stricter system of artist regulations, registration, and inspection. It would also give the Board of Supervisors power to regulate selling locations.

State Senator George Moscone, at the time a candidate for mayor, sided with the street artists in opposing Proposition L. He stated, "The attempts to harass them off the streets of our city and to circumvent the will of the people as expressed through their approval of Proposition J are, to me, terribly wasteful". Moscone would later become mayor and demonstrate a very supportive position for the Street Artists Program. In 1976, when the street artists nearly lost all their downtown selling spaces after the Board of Supervisors voted to permanently remove them, Moscone's mayoral veto preserved those selling spaces for decades to come.

The street artists responded to the threat of Proposition L by drafting their own, new ballot initiative for the November 1975 election, called Proposition M. Proposition M further limited the power of the Board of Supervisors over selling-space selection while setting forth provisions for fire and safety regulations that would ease sidewalk congestion. In an effort to appease the merchant community, Proposition M called for reducing the number of artists around Union Square by 75%, implementing a system to insure that artists make what they sell, and limiting the number of artists in a given region by using a lottery system to equally share designated selling spaces.

To the disappointment of the artists, Proposition M failed and Proposition L became law during the November election. To date, the ordinance defined by Proposition L is still the current law which sets forth the procedures and privileges of the Street Artists Program of San Francisco. After the passage of Proposition L, street art activists met with the Board of Supervisors to resolve which selling areas would be designated for them. The Board of Supervisors granted 21 selling regions in the Union Square area, on Market Street, at Fisherman's Wharf, and on Beach Street near Ghirardelli Square. It was also decided that the Public Works Department would mark off and number selling spaces on the sidewalk so the spaces could be equally shared among the artists, with a daily lottery for selling-space selection. Concerning the dangerous problem of artists guarding their selling spaces overnight, street artist Joy McCoskey reiterated the importance that no selling space should be occupied between the hours of midnight and 6 am. The downtown merchants seemed content with the new regulations and selling spaces. In early December the new ordinance went into effect, and 800 street artists bought licenses for a fee of $80 per year.

Licensing
Street artists who are licensed by the San Francisco Arts Commission are only allowed to sell items that have been "predominately created or significantly altered in form" by the artist. The program strictly forbids the sale of commercially manufactured products.

Screening committee
Before a street artist license is granted, artists must demonstrate to a screening committee they were the producer of the item for sell. During the screening of an artist's work, the artist must bring finished items and  bring raw source materials, partially completed items, and receipts for the raw materials of the product. The members of the screening committee can also ask that an artist create a piece in their presence. If committee members are still not satisfied that the work is of the artist's own creation, they can conduct an onsite visit to the artist's workshop to verify the creation process.

The committee licenses street artists in a number of specific categories of arts and crafts, including bead making, bead stringing, button craft jewelry, candles, castings, ceramics, sculpture, coin cutting, computer-generated & new technology art, decoupage, doughcrafting, DVDs/cassette tapes/CDs, enameling, engraving, fabricated and/or cast jewelry, feather art, fiber art, found objects, glass art (blown glass and stained glass), kite making, lapidary, leathercraft (including belts and soft clothing), millinery, miscellaneous items, musical instruments, painting and drawing, paper and papier-mâché jewelry, photography, pipes, plants and dried flowers, plastic and metal arts, printmaking, puppets and dolls, sewn items (including some puppets and dolls), shell jewelry, string sculpture, terrarium making, textile arts, toy making, and woodcraft.

Licenses are not granted for street artists who produce or sell "food items, incense, perfumes, body oils, soaps, or other cosmetic products". Street musicians and performers are not included in the ordinance.

Violations and penalties
Since it is not unusual for some street artists to sell items which they did not make, the program's rules have provisions for citing and penalizing artists who violate regulations. Violations can be issued for selling commercially manufactured items, selling crafts that they were never screened to sell, and for selling handmade items not of their creation but made by another craftsperson – possibly by another street artist.

Violations can be reported not only by the police, but by the staff of the Art Commission, a storeowner, a member of the public, or even another street artist. At various times, the Street Artists Program has hired individuals to work as Art Inspectors, patrolling the sidewalks looking for street artists whose items violate craft criteria, or who are in violation of other regulations. A subcommittee of the San Francisco Arts Commission, called the Street Artists Program Committee, meets once a month to deal with ongoing issues specific to the program as well as to hold hearings for street artists who have been cited for violating regulations, such as selling commercially manufactured items. If the Program Committee finds that an artist has violated regulations, the committee's members have the option to either suspend or revoke that street artist's license.

The initial formation of the Street Artists Program was dependent on a certain amount of cooperation from the merchant associations, especially in the designation of selling areas. If a street artists program develops a reputation that it is allowing commercially manufactured items, the very organized merchant community of retail stores will urge city government to limit or disable that program.

Designated selling locations
Street artists are allowed to sell only in designated areas named within the original ordinance. Occasionally other locations are added by the Board of Supervisors. The designated selling areas include: Fisherman's Wharf, the downtown financial district, the Cliff House, and Justin Herman Plaza. Unlike other public arts programs, such as Seattle's Pike Place Market, San Francisco does not assign selling spaces by seniority. Daily lotteries and a selling-space signup procedure are held every morning to determine an assignment of selling spaces for that day.

References

External links
 Official website
  Photographs of the Street Artists Program of San Francisco by Lyn Magnuson and others
 "San Francisco Street Artists Defy City Ban" (1972 KPIX News Video]
 "San Francisco Street Artists to Celebrate Anniversary of Going Legit" 2012 NBC report on 40th anniversary of Street Artists Program

Art in San Francisco
Tourist attractions in San Francisco
Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco
Street Artists Program of San Francisco
Street Artists Program of San Francisco


title: Costa Kotselas

text:
Costa Kotselas is an American film composer, producer and guitarist. He works in a variety of genres including film, pop, electronic, ethnic and metal. He is known for combining modern rhythms and sounds to create entirely new compositions that could not have been possible at the time while staying true to the original style and form of the film. His music appears in the TV series Charmed and Beverly Hills 90210, in films, including Domino, The Girls' Room, and his aggressive metal style guitars can be heard in films like From Paris With Love and the video games Call of Duty: Ghosts and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare.

Early life and career
Born to Greek parents in Fairfax, Virginia, US, he spent most of his summers in Greece and traveling through Europe, where he gained early exposure to different cultures' music, art and religions. At an early age he began playing guitar and had a natural ability to play almost anything he heard by ear. In 1995, Kotselas moved to Los Angeles, California, and began working for Steinburg, the makers of Cubase music software. This position began his musical journey to working with some of his favorite film composers including, Hans Zimmer, Harry Gregson-Williams, Dave Buckley, Graeme Revell, Paul Haslinger and many others. Kotselas worked directly with Zimmer and Gregson-Williams in all aspects of film composition and production in over 30 films.

Discography

Guitarist credits
From Paris With Love (Guitars)
Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare (Guitars)
Beer Pong Saved My Live (Guitars)
Call of Duty: Ghosts (Guitars)

Film and television credits
2003 "Sinbad" (Consulting, Support)
2003 "Spy Game" (Consulting, Support, Sound Design, Drum Loop Programming)
2004 "Man on Fire" (Consulting, Support)
2004 "Shrek 2" (Consulting, Support)
2004 "Bridget Jones 2" (Consulting, Support)
2004 "Team America: World Police"
2005 "Kingdom of Heaven"
2005 "Mrs Palfrey at The Claremont"
2005 "Domino"
2005 "The Chronicles of Narnia:The Lion The Witch and the Wardrobe"
2006 "Seraphim Falls"
2006 "Flushed Away"
2006 "Deja Vu"
2007 "Slipstream"
2007 "The Number 23"
2007 "Slip Stream"
2007 "Shrek The 3rd"
2007 "Gone Baby Gone"
2008 "The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian"
2008 "Jolene"
2009 "X-Men Origins: Wolverine"
2009 "The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3"
2010 "Twelve"
2010 "Shrek Forever After"
2010 "Prince of Persia: The Sands Of Time"
2010 "The Town"
2010 "Unstoppable"
2011 "Cowboys & Aliens"
2011 "Arthur Christmas"
2012 "Mister Pip"
2012 "Total Recall"
2014 "The Equalizer"
2015 "Sweet Mickey for President"

2000–2002
"Black Hawk Down" (Sony) Assistant, Sound Design, Drum Loop Programming
"Spirit" (DreamWorks) Assistant

1998–2002
"Bait": Consulting, Sound Design, Drum Loop Programming

1996–2002
"Crazy Beautiful" Consulting
"Blue Crush" (Universal) Consulting

1999–2002
"Titan AE" (Fox) Consulting, Sound Design, Drum Loop Programming
"Human Nature": Consulting, Sound Design, Drum Loop Programming

References

External links

Living people
American electronic musicians
American film score composers
American people of Greek descent
Video game composers
Musicians from Los Angeles
American male film score composers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Aquaculture in Madagascar

text:
Aquaculture in Madagascar started to take off in the 1980s. The industry includes the cultivation of sea cucumbers, seaweed, fish and shrimp and is being used to stimulate the country's economy, increase the wages of fishermen and women, and improve the regions ocean water quality. Coastal regions of Madagascar are reliant on the Indian Ocean's marine resources as a source of food, income, and cultural identity.

History
Over the past fifty years, aquaculture in Madagascar went through four stages of development. It started during the colonial occupation when new marine species were introduced. After the nation's independence, the government played a major role in regulating the development of aquaculture ponds. During the 1980s, the government stepped back from state-owned controlled aquaculture fields to allow independent entrepreneurs to invest the sector. Then, in the past 15 years, a marketing-focused approach to promote Malagasy aquaculture became dominant to favor exports.

Aquaculture sectors

Sea cucumbers

Sea cucumbers, considered a delicacy in Asia, play a crucial role in recycling nutrients from sediments on the ocean floor to form the bedrock of complex marine chains. Wild sea cucumber populations have dropped with many fishers now using SCUBA gear to access those that are left, a practice now banned in Madagascar. A 2012 EU commissioned study of Madagascar’s sea cucumber trade showed an 85% drop in the population since the fishery’s peak.

The country's first locally owned sea-cucumber farm is located in Tampolove and was developed with the British NGO Blue Ventures. They developed a protected area called Velondriake ("to live with the sea" in the Vezo language).
In the southeast Velondriake region of the island, Toliara's marine institute uses new technology to produce broodstock of sea cucumbers to sell to fishers. Community farming groups then grow these animals in simple mesh farming pens close to their village. Because sea cucumbers feed off the ocean floor, the growing process requires no food, just pen maintenance. After nine months sea cucumbers reach their full adult size and are sold to exporters for around US $2.50 each. This system links isolated communities to global markets and has been proven to raise income of farmers who make less than one-dollar fifty per day, by US $30 per month, nearly doubling their monthly income.

Shrimps
Commercial shrimp farming was introduced to Madagascar in the early 1990s. International organizations and foreign investors have dominated this industry with financing, technical support and infrastructure development. Shrimp aquaculture in Madagascar has grown in importance over the years, and is responsible for the direct and indirect employment of over 3 000 people on the island. As of 2005, Madagascar counted six shrimp aquaculture companies. During the 1980s, the FAO concluded that shrimp aquaculture was a great factor of development, and oriented many development programs in Madagascar towards this industry. Besakoa became a boom town thanks to those developments, going from 10 households in the 1990s to 3,000 inhabitants 10 years later after the site Aqualma opened.

Shrimp farmed in Madagascar are high quality and sell at relatively high prices. Today, the shrimp export industry has difficulty competing with less costly shrimp from other areas such as Asia.

One species of shrimp, from Madagascar, prized by shrimp farmers is Penaeus monodon. It is renowned for its size and quality and sells for up to three times as much as shrimp from other countries. Penaeus Monodon is valued by consumers for both its taste and texture but it is too expensive to those whose purchase based on the price. Therefore, on price alone, shrimp products from Madagascar cannot compete in export markets. It is unknown whether they can compete in high-end niche markets, but it could be a marketing opportunity and solution to the crisis the industry now faces. The company Unima was the first to breed pathogen-free Penaeus Monodon on the island and manages the first farm in Africa to be awarded the Aquaculture Stewardship Certification by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC).

Marine aquaculture in the northwest is dominated by giant tiger prawn farming near the mangrove areas which have been identified by the Madagascar Shrimp Aquaculture Development Master Plan (Schéma d'aménagement pour l'aquaculture de crevettes à Madagascar - SAACM). These farm areas are systems composed of breeding ponds, a hatchery, a processing and packaging factory and storage facilities.

Seaweed

Seaweed farming is practiced in the northeastern region of the island in conjunction with the IBIS Madagascar company. Harvesting is done in a coastal zone, usually by women and children. Along with Tanzania, Madagascar is the top producer of aquaculture seaweed in Africa.

Seaweed, just like sea cucumbers, is also cultivated and harvested, among other places, in the Velondriake protected area.

Training and research
Training and research on aquaculture started in the 80s with the Marine Station of Toliara and enhanced by the implementation of the Fishery High Training Unit (UFSH: Unité de Formation Supérieure Halieutique). The Marine Station, established in 1961 near of the current Harbor of Toliara, has achieved many research mainly on coral reefs in the South West (Bay of Toliara and Bay of Ranobe), especially the Great Reef Toliara (GRT). Since 1972, with the gradual creation of the current University of Toliara, research has diversified and included fisheries. Several researchers and technicians have been trained, but at the time the need was more academic and pedagogical. With the UFSH project funded by FAO, it was extended to aquaculture. 40 fisheries scientists Engineers were trained with several specialties including fishery and aquaculture. Most of these engineers have strengthened the team of the Ministry for Fisheries and Agriculture, other contributed to the creation and development of the first shrimp farms in Madagascar (currently grouped in UNIMA). Two engineers were recruited by the Fishery and Marine Science Institute (IH.SM: Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines) to ensure following training of new technicians, managers and aquaculture, and new fisheries scientists Engineers (effective training of 20 new engineers in 2013). Both research and training entities have combined their structure to create in 1993, the current IH.SM. Since 1993, all training and research in fisheries and aquaculture are being provided by this Institute. With the adoption of the LMD system by the Universities of Madagascar, training is now grouped into 3 academic cycles: (1) License of the Sea and Littoral which include Biodiversity-Environment and Fisheries and Aquaculture options; (2) Masters in Applied Oceanography including several specializations and (3) PhD in Applied Oceanography. Research in these field are now welle diversified and performed by more than 30 researchers (PhD) and several PhD research Student. In recent years, skill levels in the Madagascar aquaculture industry have improved considerably. This has been largely due to the improvement efforts of IH.SM and the government created, in yearly 2000s the Ministry of Fishery and Marines resources. The implementation of non-profit NGO’s, such as MIDEM, which have become an integral part of the islands seafood industry has also enhanced the effectiveness of the development of fishery and aquaculture training in Madagascar. These NGOs especially focus their work on Aquaculture training programs based on prior experience and training for wild fisheries and marine farms. The Independent Mission for Development and Education in Madagascar (MIDEM) is an open, non-profit NGO in Madagascar aiming to provide a sustainable solution to the needs of the Malagasy population stricken by extreme poverty and social injustice on the East coast of Madagascar. MIDEM’s mission is to improve livelihoods by implementing projects on education, rural development including fish farming, entrepreneurship and social development.

Legislation and administration

Marine farmers usually look for sheltered and unpolluted waters rich in nutrients. Often these areas are also desirable for other purposes. In the late 1990s, demand for coastal aquaculture space increased. Aquaculture developed with the regional councils unsure of how marine farms might impact the delicate coastal environments. By early 2000, farmers/fishers and NGO’s were operating with inadequate regulations for managing the coast in a sustainable way. This lack of regulation lead to the creation of locally managed marine areas (LMMA). There are however, few regulations limiting aquaculture in Madagascar, and of the few, even less are enforced.

References

Mad
Economy of Madagascar


title: Jan de Molder

text:
Jan de Molder (sometimes Jean de Molder, fl. 1494–1550) was a Northern Renaissance wood carver active in Antwerp in the early 16th century.  His work represents the beginnings of Antwerp Mannerism.

Life
Very little is known about the life of Jan de Molder. He was active in Antwerp and was brother-in-law of a prior of Averbode Abbey named Adriaen. Works of his hand survive in the Cluny Museum in Paris and in the churches of Botkyrka, Dillnäs, Lofta, Västerlövsta and Västerfärnebo churches, Sweden.

Work
The artist is known only for the production of two carved altarpieces for the abbey of Averbode. The first one commissioned in 1513 is an altarpiece bearing the Antwerp mark of quality and the arms of the abbey of Averbode now in the Cluny Museum in Paris. The carved scenes are identical with those specified in the Averbode contract. The second altarpiece is lost.

The style of the Cluny altarpiece shows the beginnings of Antwerp Mannerism in its elaborate and arched frame and the crowded compositions.  The compact and animated figure types, unaffected gestures and angular drapery are regarded as more characteristic of late 15th-century sculpture.

Other characteristics are visible in a polyptych in the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw - so-called Saint Reinhold Altar. 10 scenes from the life of Mary arranged in 2 rows with additional 4 sections with figures of Saints were crowned by architectural decorations in the form of curved tracery. The top of the retable in variety of curves and accolades, as well as disproportionality of figures are other features of de Molder's style. Oak wood, used for production, was covered with a coating of gesso (size and chalk) over which gold leaf and colour were laid. The polyptych was commissioned by Brotherhood of Saint Reinhold in Gdańsk and created before 1516 in cooperation with Joos van Cleve who painted the side wings.

References

External links

Year of birth uncertain
1480s births
Early Netherlandish sculptors
Flemish sculptors (before 1830)
Northern Renaissance


title: Alison Powers

text:
Alison Powers is an American former racing cyclist who last rode for the UnitedHealthcare Women’s Team.

Powers is the first American rider to simultaneously be National Champion in all three disciplines of road cycling (Criterium, Road and Time trial).

On October 23, 2014, Powers announced her retirement from the sport.

Palmares
Source:

2006
1st Stage 4 Tour of the Gila
1st Prologue & Stage 5 Mount Hood Classic
1st Stage 1 Tour de Toona
2007
1st  National Time Trial Championships
1st  Pan American Time Trial Championships
1st Sequoia Cycling Classic
1st Stage 2 Tour de Toona
2nd National Track Championships (individual pursuit)
2nd National Track Championships (points race)
3rd Memorial Davide Fardelli Chrono
2009
1st Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
1st Stages 1 & 4
1st Boulder Criterium
2nd Overall Tour of the Gila
6th Liberty Classic
3rd Overall Redlands Bicycle Classic
1st Stage 3
3rd Overall Nature Valley Grand Prix
3rd National Time Trial Championships
2010
1st Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
1st Prologue Cascade Cycling Classic
2012
3rd National Time Trial Championships
3rd Las Vegas Cyclo-cross
2013
1st  National Criterium Championships
3rd National Road Race Championships
3rd National Time Trial Championships
2014
1st  National Time Trial Championships
1st  National Road Race Championships
1st  Overall Tour Femenino de San Luis
1st  Combination classification
1st Stage 3
1st Stage 4 Tour of the Gila
1st Women's Tour of California Time Trial

References

American female cyclists
Living people
1979 births
American female alpine skiers
21st-century American women