title: Point-to-point encryption

text:
Point-to-point encryption (P2PE) is a standard established by the PCI Security Standards Council.  Payment solutions that offer similar encryption but do not meet the P2PE standard are referred to as end-to-end encryption (E2EE) solutions. The objective of P2PE and E2EE is to provide a payment security solution that instantaneously converts confidential payment card (credit and debit card) data and information into indecipherable code at the time the card is swiped, in order to prevent hacking and fraud. It is designed to maximize the security of payment card transactions in an increasingly complex regulatory environment.

The standard
The P2PE Standard defines the requirements that a "solution" must meet in order to be accepted as a PCI-validated P2PE solution.  A "solution" is a complete set of hardware, software, gateway, decryption, device handling, etc.  Only "solutions" can be validated; individual pieces of hardware such as card readers cannot be validated.  It is also a common mistake to refer to P2PE validated solutions as "certified"; there is no such certification.

The determination of whether or not a solution meets the P2PE standard is the responsibility of a P2PE Qualified Security Assessor (P2PE-QSA).  P2PE-QSA companies are independent third-party companies who employ assessors that have met the PCI Security Standards Council's requirements for education and experience, and have passed the requisite exam. The PCI Security Standards Council does not validate solutions.

How it works
As a payment card is swiped through a card reading device, referred to as a point of interaction (POI) device, at the merchant location or point of sale, the device immediately encrypts the card information. A device that is part of a PCI-validated P2PE solution uses an algorithmic calculation to encrypt the confidential payment card data. From the POI, the encrypted, indecipherable codes are sent to the payment gateway or processor for decryption. The keys for encryption and decryption are never available to the merchant, making card data entirely invisible to the retailer. Once the encrypted codes are within the secure data zone of the payment processor, the codes are decrypted to the original card numbers and then passed to the issuing bank for authorization. The bank either approves or rejects the transaction, depending upon the card holder's payment account status. The merchant is then notified if the payment is accepted or rejected to complete the process along with a token that the merchant can store.  This token is a unique number reference to the original transaction that the merchant can use should they ever be needed to perform research or refund the customer without ever knowing the customer's card information (tokenization). There are also Qualified Integrator and Reseller (QIR) Companies, which are businesses authorized to "implement, configure, and/or support validated" PA-DSS Payment Applications, and perform qualified installations.

Solution providers
According to the PCI Security Standards Council:The P2PE solution provider is a third-party entity (for example, a processor, acquirer, or payment gateway) that has overall responsibility for the design and implementation of a specific P2PE solution, and manages P2PE solutions for its merchant customers. The solution provider has overall responsibility for ensuring that all P2PE requirements are met, including any P2PE requirements performed by third-party organizations on behalf of the solution provider (for example, certification authorities and key-injection facilities).

Benefits

Customer benefits
P2PE significantly reduces the risk of payment card fraud by instantaneously encrypting confidential cardholder data at the moment a payment card is swiped or "dipped" if it is a chip card at the card reading device (payment terminal) or POI.

Merchant benefits
P2PE significantly facilitates merchant responsibilities:
 With a P2PE validated solution, merchants save significant time and money as PCI requirements may be greatly reduced. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). For organizations who use a P2PE validated solution provider, the PCI Self Assessment Questionnaire is reduced from 12 sections to 4 sections and the controls are reduced from 329 questions to just 35.
  In the event of fraud, the P2PE Solution Provider, not the merchant, is held accountable for data loss and resulting fines that may be assessed by the card brands (American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and JCB).  The PCI Security Standards Council does not assess penalties on Solution Providers or Merchants.
 The payment process with P2PE is quicker than other transaction processes, thus creating simpler and faster customer–merchant transactions.

Point-to-point encryption versus end-to-end encryption

Point-to-point
A point-to-point connection directly links system 1 (the point of payment card acceptance) to system 2 (the point of payment processing).
A true P2PE solution is determined with three main factors:
 The solution uses a hardware-to-hardware encryption and decryption process along with a POI device that has SRED (Secure Reading and Exchange of Data) listed as a function.
 The solution has been validated to the PCI P2PE Standard which includes specific POI device requirements such as strict controls regarding shipping, receiving, tamper-evident packaging, and installation.
 A solution includes merchant education in the form of a P2PE Instruction Manual, which guides the merchant on POI device use, storage, return for repairs, and regular PCI reporting.

End-to-end
End-to-end encryption as the name suggests has the advantage over P2PE that card details are not unencrypted between the two endpoints.  If the endpoints are a PCI PED validated PIN pad and a POS acquirer, there is no opportunity for the card details to be intercepted.  It is obviously important that the endpoints (the PED and gateway) are provided by PCI accredited organisations.

PCI point-to-point encryption requirements
The requirements include:
 Secure encryption of payment card data at the point of interaction (POI),
 P2PE validated application(s) at the point of interaction,
 Secure management of encryption and decryption devices,
 Management of the decryption environment and all decrypted account data,
 Use of secure encryption methodologies and cryptographic key operations, including key generation, distribution, loading/injection, administration, and usage.

References

Cryptography


title: Adami (surname)

text:
Adami is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Adam Adami (footballer), (born 1992) Brazilian football player
 Adam Adami (diplomat), (ca. 1610–1663) German diplomat and priest
 Beppe Fenech Adami, Maltese politician
 Chris Adami (born 1962), German physicist and evolutionary theorist
 Eddie Fenech Adami, (born 1934) Prime Minister of Malta 1987–1996 & 1998–2004
 Guy Adami, TV personality, one of the Fast Money (CNBC) five
 Joam Mattheus Adami (1576-1633), Italian Jesuit missionary
 Luigi Adami (1900–1985), Italian sports shooter
 Pavol Adami, (1739–1814) Slovak scientist and scholar
 Pietro Adami, 18th-century Italian painter
 Valerio Adami, (born 1935) Italian painter

Other:

Villa Adami-Lami

Villa Adami-Lami [Villa Adami-Lami or Adam-Lami or Adams-Lami or Addam-Lami or Addams-Lami] is a villa, manor, hall ancient very very olden and Medicea, of the Tuscan Italian and Catholic Medici (of Medici de’ Medici) family [and of their descendants both Catholic and NON-Catholic (E.g.: Protestant Christians ... ... ... atheists, hopefully NOT anti-Catholic, NOT anti-papist.) - 16th century AD
Palazzo Adami Lami

Palazzo Adami Lami  [Palace Adami-Lami or Adam-Lami or Adams-Lami or Addam-Lami or Addams-Lami] is a palace, building, hall, mansion and since 2019 the seat of the Swiss Reformed [Protestant (evangelical)] Church.

References

Italian-language surnames
Surnames from given names


title: Frédéric Brenner

text:
Frédéric Brenner (born 1959) is a French photographer known for his documentation of Jewish communities around the world. His work has been exhibited internationally, among others, at the International Center of Photography in New York, the Musée de l'Élysée in Lausanne, Rencontres d'Arles in Arles, the Brooklyn Museum in New York, and the  Joods Historisch Museum in Amsterdam.

In 1996, Brenner created an installation on Ellis Island, in New York, featuring several prominent Jewish Americans, including Lauren Bacall, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Mark Spitz and Mayor Ed Koch among others. The installation, and events leading up to it, was filmed by the documentary director Kevin Weyl.

Early life and education
Brenner was born in Paris and grew up in France. In 1981, Brenner received a B.A. in French Literature and Social Anthropology from the Paris-Sorbonne University. He went on to study at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales and received a M.A. in Social Anthropology, also awarded by the Sorbonne.

Brenner is the recipient of the Niépce Prize and his book Diaspora: Homelands in Exile won the 2004 National Jewish Book Award in Visual Arts.

Career
At age 19, Brenner began photographing Orthodox Jews in the Mea Shearim neighborhood of Jerusalem. Initially, he believed this was "authentic Judaism," but his approach quickly evolved into an exploration of the multiplicities of dissonant identities.

In 1981, Brenner began photographing Jewish communities around the world, exploring what it means to live and survive with a portable identity and how Jews adopted the traditions and manners of their home countries and yet remained part of the Jewish people. He spent 25 years chronicling the diaspora of the Jews across the world from Rome to New York, India to Yemen, Morocco to Ethiopia, Sarajevo to Samarkand. Brenner has published five books and directed three films. His work has been shown in museums and galleries around the world. He has been represented by Howard Greenberg Gallery in New York since 1990.

Brenner’s opus Diaspora: Homelands in Exile was published as a two-volume set of photographs and texts by HarperCollins in 2003 and appeared in four foreign editions.  Diaspora was also a major exhibition, which opened in New York at the Brooklyn Museum in 2003 and traveled to nine other cities in America, Europe and Mexico. In reviewing the book, The New Yorker wrote: "Brenner's work—elegiac, celebratory, irreverent—transcends portraiture, representing instead a prolonged, open-ended inquiry into the nature of identity and heritage." NPR's Robert Siegel has described Brenner's work as "a celebration of the diversity and complexity of diaspora."

In 2006, Brenner founded This Place, a collective photography project aimed at recontextualizing Israel from multiple perspectives. The photographers working on this project include Wendy Ewald, Martin Kollar, Josef Koudelka, Jungjin Lee, Gilles Peress, Fazal Sheikh, Stephen Shore, Rosalind Solomon, Thomas Struth, Jeff Wall, and Nick Waplington. This Place will be exhibited internationally, beginning at the DOX Centre for Contemporary Art in Prague in the fall of 2014.

Bibliography
Jerusalem, Instants d'Eternité. Paris: Éditions Denoël, 1984.
Israel. New York: HarperCollins; London: Collins Harville, 1988. With texts by A. B. Yehoshua
Marranes. Paris: Editions de la Différence, 1992. With an essay by Y.H. Yerushalmi.
Jews/America/A Representation. New York: Abrams Books, 1996. With an essay by Simon Schama.
Exile at Home. New York: Abrams Books, 1998. With a poem by Yehuda Amichai.
Diaspora: Homelands in Exile. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
An Archeology of Fear and Desire. London: Mack, 2014.

Filmography
1991, Les derniers Marranes (The Last Marranos), with Stan Neumann, produced by Les Films d’Ici, distributed by Europe Images International.
2003, Tykocin, with Jérôme de Missolz, ZKO Films.
2003, Madres de Desaparecidos, ZKO Films.

Exhibitions
1982 Musée Nicéphore-Niépce, Chalon-sur-Saône, France
1983 Consejo Mexicano de Photographias, Bellas Artes, Mexico City
1991 Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam
1992 International Center of Photography, New York
1990 Rencontres d'Arles, Arles
1993 Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York
1993 Musée de l'Elysée, Lausanne
1994 Rencontres d'Arles, Arles
1996 Howard Greenberg Gallery, New York
2003 Brooklyn Museum, New York
2004 United Nations, New York
2022 Joods Museum, Amsterdam

References

External links
 Frederic Brenner's website
 This Place website

French photographers
French people of Jewish descent
1959 births
Living people


title: Natana J. DeLong-Bas

text:
Natana J. DeLong-Bas is an American academic, scholar of Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, and author of a number of academic publications on Islam on the subjects of Saudi Arabia and Wahhabism, Islamic thought and history, Islam and politics, and contemporary jihadism.

Biography
DeLong-Bas is associate professor at the Theology Department Faculty of Boston College. She also serves in a number of editorial, advisory, and consulting roles. Previously DeLong-Bas has taught at Brandeis University and worked as a consultant for the RAND Corporation.

Views
DeLong-Bas has expressed the view that there is too much negativity towards Wahhabism in the West, and in her writings has argued that Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab was "not the godfather of contemporary terrorist movements", but
"a voice of reform, reflecting mainstream eighteenth-century Islamic thought. His vision of Islamic society was based upon monotheism in which Muslims, Christians, and Jews were to enjoy peaceful co-existence and cooperative commercial treaty relations."

DeLong-Bas believes that Islamic extremism in Saudi Arabia "does not stem from" Islam, but from issues such as the oppression of the Palestinian people, "Iraq, and the American government's tying [the hands of] the U.N. [and preventing it] from adopting any resolution against Israel, have definitely added to the Muslim youth's state of frustration."

In a 2006 interview published on the London-based Arabic international newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat, DeLong-Bas was quoted as stating that she did "...not find any evidence that would make me agree that Osama bin Laden was behind the Attack on the Twin Towers". A month later in The Justice—the student newspaper of Brandeis University (where she was teaching at the time) -- she disputed the quote, stating: "Of course he did. He's the CEO of Al-Qaeda and the leader of their political agenda. All I claimed was that he didn't have anything to do with the logistics or the planning of the attacks themselves."

Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad
DeLong-Bas's book Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad was published in 2004 by Oxford University Press. It is based "on a close study of the 14 volumes" of collected works of Wahhabism's founder, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, and has been called "the first extensive explication of the theology" of Wahhabism. It is divided into sections: a brief religious biography and history of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, theology, Islamic law, women and Wahhabism, jihad and the evolution of Wahhabism.

Critical reception
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad has been praised as a "monumental work ... lucid and carefully documented", "often fascinating", and presenting "a nuanced discussion of Wahhab's Quranic interpretation", but also criticized as a "piece of scholarly trash" and of "markedly inferior quality", and guilty of "special pleading".

It has received positive reviews from David E. Long in Middle East Journal (a "monumental work ... a lucid and carefully documented assessment of Wahhabism."),  Sara Powell in Washington Report on Middle East Affairs ("...a well-regarded, logically constructed, and considered --if perhaps somewhat sympathetic--analysis of Abd al-Wahhab's beliefs"), History magazine ("a ground-breaking study ... both controversial and informative").

Journalist and author Michael J. Ybarra called the book "often fascinating", and providing "a nuanced discussion of Wahhab's Quranic interpretation", but also complained that she "seems to bend over backward to give Wahhab the benefit of the doubt while dismissing his critics as biased." He also notes that DeLong-Bas "doesn't say ... where on earth" the tolerant form of Wahhabism described by her "ever existed", and that "the voice of Wahhab himself is largely absent from this book" because the author rarely quotes him.

Khaled Abou El Fadl, professor of law at the University of California, Los Angeles who writes frequently on Islamic jurisprudence, expressed sorrow that Oxford University Press had published the book, stating "This doesn't qualify as scholarship -- it falls within the general phenomenon of Saudi apologetics."

Michael Sells, professor at the University of Chicago, wrote that DeLong-Bas never challenges the propriety of Abd al-Wahhab's claim to authority to distinguish believers from unbelievers and to impose the most severe sanctions on those he disagrees with. Simon Ross Valentine suggested that the image of Wahhabism presented by Delong-Bas is a "rewriting of history that flies in the face of historical fact".

Bibliography
Islam: A Living Faith Winona, MN: Anselm Academic, 2018.
Shariah: What Everyone Needs to Know Co-authored with John L. Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women 2 vols. Editor-in-Chief. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Winner of the 2014 Prose Award Honorable Mention for multi-volume reference from the American Publishing Association. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199764464.001.0001/acref-9780199764464
Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (rev. ed., Oxford University Press, 2008)
Notable Muslims: Muslim Builders of World Civilization and Culture (OneWorld, 2006)
Women in Muslim Family Law (co-author with John L. Esposito, rev. ed., Syracuse University Press, 2001)
 Asma Afsaruddin (1958): Einfuhrung, in Ernst Furlinger und Senad Kusur (Hg.) Islam und religioser Pluralismus: Grundlagen einer dialogischen muslimischen Religionstheologie. Zurich: Theologischer Verlag Zurich, 2019, 117–123.
 Preface to Women Writers of Saudi Arabia: Poetry, Novels and Short Stories., Ieman Abdulrahman Alkhayal and Nawal Mursi Ahmed. Surbiton, UK: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies and Arabian Publishing Ltd., 2019.
  Islamic Law and Gender, Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies, Editor-in-Chief John O. Voll. New York: Oxford University Press, March/April 2019. Available at www.oxfordbibliographies.com.
  Islam, Nature and the Environment, Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies, Editor-in-Chief John O. Voll. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Available at www.oxfordbibliographies.com.
  Jihad. Oxford Bibliographies Online – Islamic Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, February 22, 2018. Available at www.oxfordbibliographies.com.
 Rising Sectarianism in the Middle East and Its Impact on American Perceptions of Islam and Muslims, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. XL, No. 4, Summer 2017, 1-21.
 Sectarianism in Saudi Arabia: The Challenges and Opportunities of Wasatiyya and Wataniyya, Maydan Inaugural Journal, Ali Vural Ak Center for Global Islamic Studies, George Mason University, November 17, 2016. Available at: http://www.themaydan.com/2016/11/sectarianism-saudi-arabia-challenges-opportunities-wasatiyya-wataniyya/.
  Between Conflict and Coexistence: Saudi Shi'is as Subjects, Objects, and Agents in Wasatiyya and Wataniyya, Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2016, pp. 47–64.
 Focus On: Sectarianism in the Age of Endless War, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, January 2016.
 Foreign Policy in Saudi Arabia, in Global Perspectives on Foreign Policy of Major Powers, ed. Ajit Banerjee. New Delhi, India: Academic Foundation, 2016, for a project to train young foreign policy analysis in developing countries initiated by the United Nations.
  Political Islam in Saudi Arabia, in The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, eds. John L. Esposito and Emad El-Din Shahin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Rolling Stone: Cutting Edge or Cutting Deep?, published globally through Common Ground News Service, July 2013.
 Algeria, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Barakah, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Bouhired, Djamila, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Culture and Expression: Theoretical Overview, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Dhimmi, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Feminism: Concept and Debates, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Feminism: Nature of Islamic Feminism, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Gender Construction: Early Islam, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Gender Studies and Women: History of the Field, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Honor, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Hygiene, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Immigration and Minorities: Theoretical Overview, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 International League of Muslim Women, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Investment and Commerce, Women's Historical Practices, with Sara Bazoobandi in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Islam and Women: 18th to early 20th Century Debates, with Farkhonda Zia Mansoor, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Jameelah, Maryam, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Khawarij, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Marriage: Contemporary, with Zaher Oter, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Mourning, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Politics and Polity, Theoretical Overview, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Purification, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Scholarly Approaches and Theoretical Constructs, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Sharia, Fiqh, Philosophy and Reason: Theoretical Overview, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 United Nations Fund for Population Activities, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Wahhabiyah, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Wealth, Welfare and Labor, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Women and Social Protest, with Ala'i Nadjib in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Workforce, Women in the: Historical Discourse, with in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women, Editor-in-Chief, Natana J. DeLong-Bas. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
 Women of the Arab Spring, Beyond Objects and Subjects, published globally through Common Ground News Service, January 2013.
 Saudi 'Islamic Solidarity Summit' spans Sectarian Divisions, September 11, 2012, published globally through Common Ground News Service.
 Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, in I.B. Tauris Biographical Dictionary of Islamic Civilization, ed. Mustafa Shah. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012.
 Muhammad Ibn Sa'ud, in I.B. Tauris Biographical Dictionary of Islamic Civilization, ed. Mustafa Shah. London: I. B. Tauris, 2012.
 All American Muslims, and Christians, Op-Ed piece, December 2011, published globally through Common Ground News Service.
 The Women of the Arab Spring: Their Issues are Everyone's Issues, October 2011, published globally through Common Ground News Service.
 The Norway Attacks and the Price of Fear, Op-Ed piece, July 2011, published globally through Common Ground News Service.
 Driving toward gender equality in Saudi Arabia, Op-Ed piece, July 2011, published globally through Common Ground News Service.
 Women of the Arab Spring: from protesters to parliamentarians?, Op-Ed piece, June 2011, published throughout the US, Middle East, Europe and Southeast Asia through Common Ground News Service.
 Focus On: The New Social Media and the Arab Spring, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, May 2011.
 Focus On: Saudi Arabia – Challenges for the 21st Century, March 2011.
 Focus On: Interfaith Dialogue, Oxford Islamic Studies Online, March 2010.
 What Saudi Women Really Want, Saudi Arabia, 1979–2009. Washington, DC: Middle East Institute, October 2009.
 Five Pillars, Oxford Bibliographies Online – Islamic Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Wahhabism, Oxford Bibliographies Online – Islamic Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Al-Qa'ida, Oxford Bibliographies Online – Islamic Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Jihad. Oxford Bibliographies Online – Islamic Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Wahhabis. The Encyclopedia of Global Religions. SAGE Publications, Inc, 2009.
 Bin Baz, Shaykh. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edition. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2008.
 Osama bin Laden. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Al-Qa'ida. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
  Wahhabism, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
 Wahhabism, Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press, 2008.
 Jihad and the Wahhabi Tradition: Continuity or Change? in Islam and Jihad: Theology and Politics, ed. Taj Hargey. 2008.
 Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Wahhabi Ideology: Do Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's Teachings Matter to Contemporary Wahhabis? in Understanding Wahhabism, ed. Mohammad Ayoub. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2008.
 Usama bin Ladin, Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East, ed. Michael R. Fishbach. Gale Cengage, 2007.
 Focus On: Women, Islam and the Twenty-first Century, lead article for Oxford Islamic Studies Online launch, October 2007.
 World History Chronology, for Oxford Islamic Studies Online, launched October 2007.
 Islamic History Chronology, for Oxford Islamic Studies Online, launched October 2007.
 Jihad in the Wahhabi Tradition: Continuity and Change, in Understanding Jihad, Deconstructing Jihadism, eds. Caroline Ziemke and M.A. Muqtedar Khan. Institute for Defense Analysis and Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, 2007.
 Children in Saudi Arabia, in Greenwood Encyclopedia of Children's Issues Worldwide, ed. Ghada Talhami. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.
 On Jihad and Terrorism, or Wahhabism versus Jihadism, Al-Daawah Magazine, Saudi Arabia, March 2005.
 Daw'ah and Jihad in the Works of Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab: An Ideology for Expansionism?, in Wahhabism Revisited (working title), ed, David Commins. Riyadh: King Abd al-Aziz Center for Research and Archives, forthcoming 2005.
 Terrorism in Riyadh: A View from Within, Al-Daawah Magazine, Saudi Arabia, June 2004.
 Wahhabis, Encyclopaedia of the Quran, ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004.
  Classical Islam, John L. Esposito with Natana J. De Long-Bas, in God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions, ed. Jacob Neusner. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003.
 Modern Islam, John L. Esposito with Natana J. De Long-Bas, in God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions, ed. Jacob Neusner. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2003.

References

American Islamic studies scholars
Boston College faculty
Brandeis University faculty
Living people
Middle Eastern studies in the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Oosterellidae

text:
Oosterellidae is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod family belonging to the superfamily Perisphinctoidea. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived during the Cretaceous.

Genera

Oosterella
Pseudoosterella

Distribution
Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Cretaceous sediments of Argentina, Austria, Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Romania and Slovakia.

References

Ammonitida families
Perisphinctoidea
Cretaceous ammonites
Ammonites of Europe
Early Cretaceous first appearances
Early Cretaceous extinctions


title: McGregor Trophy

text:
The McGregor Trophy is the English Boys Under 16 Open Amateur Stroke-Play Championship. It was founded in 1982.

History
The event was founded as a boys' golf tournament in 1982 at the Radcliffe-on-Trent Golf Club by Roy Case, later to become president of the English Golf Union. The trophy was donated by Matt and Kathy McGregor, former captains of the club. The competition was adopted in 1993 by the English Golf Union as the English Boys Under 16 Open Amateur Stroke-Play Championship. It is now played at various venues around England, but returns to Radcliffe-on-Trent Golf Club at five year intervals reflecting the inauguration of the trophy at this course.

Format
The championship is open to golfers of all nationalities in possession of a playing handicap not exceeding 4.4. Players must be under 16 years of age on 1 January of the year in which the event takes place. It consists of 72 holes of stroke play over three days, 18 holes being played on each of the first two days. After 36 holes, the leading 40 competitors and all those tying for 40th place play a further 36 holes on the third day.

Winners

In 1982 the trophy was played over 36 holes. In 1987, 2001 and 2007 the event was reduced to 54 holes by bad weather.

Source:

Notable winners
A number of golfers who have won the McGregor Trophy have progressed to successful professional careers, including the 2013 U.S. Open champion Justin Rose, Edoardo Molinari, who played in the 2010 Ryder Cup, and European Tour winners Jim Payne, Steve Webster, Graeme Storm,  and Oliver Fisher.

References

External links
England Golf web site

Junior golf tournaments
Amateur golf tournaments in the United Kingdom
Golf tournaments in England
1982 establishments in England
Recurring sporting events established in 1982


title: Chiemi Takahashi

text:
is a retired Japanese athlete who competed in the long-distance events. She represented her country at the 2000 Summer Olympics, as well as three World Championships. She also took part in nine editions of World Cross Country Championships.

Competition record

Personal bests
3000 metres – 9:11.70 (Tokyo 1994)
5000 metres – 15:22.64 (Osaka 1999)
10,000 metres – 31:27.57 (Sendai 1998)
20 kilometres – 1:06:58 (Berlin 2002)
Half marathon – 1:11:18 (Sendai 2001)

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Miyagi Prefecture
Japanese female long-distance runners
Japanese female cross country runners
Olympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Asian Cross Country Championships winners
20th-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese women


title: Hugo Barra

text:
Hugo Barra is a Brazilian computer scientist, technology executive and entrepreneur. From 2008 to 2013, he worked in a number of product management roles at Google, including vice president and product spokesperson of its Android division. From 2013 to 2017, he worked at Xiaomi as vice president of global operations. From 2017 to 2021, he worked as vice president of Virtual Reality and head of the Oculus division at Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook). In May 2021, he left Meta to start health technology startup Detect as CEO.

Early life and education
Barra attended primary and secondary schools at local Colégio Pitágoras in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and in 1995 enrolled at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), majoring in Electrical Engineering.

In 1996, Barra transferred to the  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating with bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering & computer science (EECS), and management science, as well as a master's degree in electrical engineering & computer science. He was class president of the Class of 2000 and student keynote speaker at MIT Commencement 2000.

Career
In 1999, Barra co-founded mobile software startup Lobby7 with other MIT classmates with investment from SoftBank Group. In 2003, the company was acquired by speech recognition technology company ScanSoft, which subsequently became Nuance Communications. While at Nuance from 2003 to 2007, Barra led a multi-year project alongside CTO Vlad Sejnoha to incorporate the company's flagship Dragon NaturallySpeaking speech-to-text dictation technology into Lobby7's cloud-based platform, which is rumored to have been the foundation to Apple Inc.'s Siri voice assistant.

Google

Barra joined American technology company Google in London in March 2008 as Group Product Manager for the Google Mobile team. In the Google Mobile team, Barra led the development of several early versions of Google's flagship mobile applications, such as Google Voice Search, which became the technological foundation for the Google Assistant, as well as Google Maps Navigation with vector-based graphics, Google Translate with "conversation mode", the Google Goggles visual recognition app, and several others.

In 2010 Barra joined the Android team as Director of Product Management. From 2010 to 2013, Barra's role expanded to include product spokesperson for the Android team, speaking at press events and Google I/O, Google's annual developer-focused conference. Barra headlined the main keynote presentation at Google IO 2011, Google IO 2012, and Google IO 2013. Barra's product leadership included the entire Android ecosystem of software and hardware, including Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean and KitKat operating system launches, the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 smartphones, the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets, and other related products such as Google Now, selected in 2013 as Popular Science's Innovation of the Year. He was promoted to Vice President of Android Product Management in 2012. By September 2013, one billion Android devices had been activated globally.

Xiaomi
In September 2013, Barra left Google for Chinese electronics company Xiaomi, serving as Vice President of Global Operations based in Beijing, China. The move was considered a ‘significant hire’ for Xiaomi, one of the fastest growing manufacturers in China, enhancing international legitimacy to the company by adding a key former Google Android executive to its senior management.

In December 2013, Barra spoke at LeWeb tech conference in Paris, France about his impressions of the Chinese economy and the opportunity it represented for tech companies such as Xiaomi, citing China's 600 million internet users, high market caps of recent Chinese IPOs, the massive scale of the top Chinese apps' monthly active users, and the size of companies such as Alibaba's Taobao, a shopping site more than double the size of eBay and Amazon combined.

In February 2014, Barra announced the launch of the new Redmi and Mi 3 smartphones in Singapore. Global expansion outside of China into surrounding emerging markets was a key initiative for Xiaomi, given the company's business model to release high performance smartphone products at an affordable consumer price, generating revenue not only from the hardware itself, but the software and internet services provided to the consumer. According to Xiaomi co-founder and CEO Lei Jun, it is "entirely Barra’s job to figure out which region that we should enter next and how." Barra stated his intention to expand next into various countries.

In March 2014, Barra visited Terry Gou at Foxconn in Shenzhen, a Taiwan-based global company with plants in Asia, Brazil and Mexico responsible for assembling products for various tech brands, indicating plans for Xiaomi to further expand into India, Indonesia and Latin America. The partnership began to bear fruit in August 2015 when Barra, Foxconn and chief minister N. Chandrababu Naidu jointly announced the launch of a manufacturing facility in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India, with support from the central government's Make in India program.

In February 2016, Barra launched the Redmi Note 3 smartphone in India at a major press event in New Delhi's Talkatora Stadium with 8,000 fans in attendance where the company announced the world's first smartphone to use the Qualcomm Snapdragon 650 chipset. Industry analysts and reviewers considered this product Xiaomi's biggest hit in the Indian market due to its unique combination of performance, high-quality display, large-capacity battery and affordable price. Redmi Note 3 became India's best online selling phone with 2.3 million units sold through September 2016, propelling Xiaomi to become the second largest smartphone brand in India by Q4 2016.

Barra also led the expansion of Xiaomi into several other markets such as Southeast Asia (starting with Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines), Latin America (starting with his home country Brazil), Western Europe (starting with Spain), Russia, and even led a modest early entry into the U.S., developing and promoting not only Xiaomi smartphones but also products from its Mi Ecosystem of smart connected products, including wearables, TVs, home appliances, toys, and many others.

In January 2017, Barra announced his departure from Xiaomi. There are reports that quoted Barra saying that his resignation was prompted by family or health reasons and some analysts noted that the departure came amid Xiaomi's declining sales in China. Around the time of his resignation, Xiaomi announced that it had exceeded US$1 billion in revenue from India alone and went on to become the largest smartphone brand in India in Q3 2017, months after Barra left the company. In Q1 2018, Xiaomi became the 4th largest smartphone brand in the world.

In July 2018, Xiaomi launched its initial public offering in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising US$4.72 billion in capital, and valuing the company at US$54 billion, in the world's largest technology IPO since Alibaba went public in 2014. Barra's stake in Xiaomi was rumored to have been worth over US$200 million at the time of the IPO.

Facebook
On 25 January 2017 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced on his Facebook page that Barra would be joining Facebook as Vice President of Virtual Reality and Head of the Oculus division, including a photo of the two of them posing as avatars in a virtual scene.
Barra's initial focus at Oculus was on the development of standalone VR headsets as well as social VR applications. On 11 October 2017 during the Oculus Connect 4 developer conference, Zuckerberg and Barra unveiled Oculus Go, the industry's first mass-market standalone VR headset, priced at $199. This device was co-developed with Barra's former employer Xiaomi in partnership with Qualcomm, which Barra and Qualcomm President and fellow Brazilian Cristiano Amon jointly announced at the 2018 Consumer Electronics Show (CES).

On 26 September 2018, Zuckerberg and Barra were back on stage at Oculus Connect 5 to announce Oculus Quest, the next major development in standalone VR technology. The headset was well received by industry experts due to the high-quality spatial experience it was capable of delivering. Oculus Quest supported positional tracking with six degrees of freedom using internal sensors and an array of cameras in the front of the headset rather than external sensors like in the original Oculus Rift PC-connected headset. The cameras could also be used in "Passthrough" mode to enhance safety if the user exits their designated boundary area. The headset earned multiple industry awards and accolades.

In September 2020, Barra announced on Twitter that Facebook and Ray-Ban were working on a partnership to co-develop smartglasses, which officially launched on 9 September 2021 as Ray-Ban Stories just a few months after Barra had left the company.

In May 2021, Barra left Meta and immediately joined Detect, a health technology startup he was involved in co-founding.

Detect
Since March 2020, Barra has been involved in various roles with Detect, a health technology startup he co-founded with scientist and entrepreneur Jonathan Rothberg to develop consumer-grade molecular diagnostics products. The company's first product is an FDA-cleared Covid-19 molecular at-home test.

Lists
In 2011, Barra was ranked #23 in Wired Magazine's Wired 100. In 2013, Business Insider's Silicon Valley 100 included Barra at #92. Brazil's Época magazine ranked Barra among the most influential Brazilians in both 2011 and 2013. In 2015, Barra was ranked #14 in the 40-Under-40 list by Fortune Magazine. Barra is a member of the World Economic Forum Young Global Leaders (YGL) Class of 2015.

References

External links

Living people
Brazilian businesspeople
Google employees
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Brazilian computer scientists
Xiaomi people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Daroga Prasad Rai Path

text:
Daroga Prasad Rai Road, formerly Serpentine Road, is major thoroughfare, which runs through the upscale part of Western Patna in India. Serpentine Road is a residential street, which connects Hartali Mor and Beer Chand Patel Marg. The area is served by Shastrinagar Police Station under Patna Police. It is named after Daroga Prasad Rai, the former chief minister of Bihar.

Landmarks/Nearby places
R Block  ~0.3 km
Bihar Museum  ~0.3 km
60 Officers' Flat  ~0.5 km
Government Quarters- Officer's Flat  ~0.5 km
Lake  ~0.6 km
Mount Carmel High School  ~0.7 km
Eco Park  ~0.8 km
12 Bailey Road  ~0.9 km
Punaichak  1 km
A N College professors colony  ~1.3 km
Patna High Court

References

Roads in Bihar
Neighbourhoods in Patna


title: Adrian Movileanu

text:
Adrian Movileanu (born September 4, 1993) is a Romanian professional basketball player for BCM Olimpic Baia Mare of the Romanian League.

References

1993 births
Living people
CSU Asesoft Ploiești players
Sportspeople from Ploiești
Romanian men's basketball players
Small forwards


title: Awan (surname)

text:
Awan is a surname, and may refer to:
Malik Shakeel Awan, Pakistani politician
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi (1916–2006), Pakistani writer and critic
Ahmed Ali Awan, convicted of the murder of Ross Parker
Akil N. Awan, British academic
Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan, Pakistani scholar
Babar Awan, Pakistani statesman
Dildar Awan, Pakistani cricketer
Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan, Pakistani religious leader
Firdous Ashiq Awan, Pakistani physician and politician
Ghulam Farooq Awan, Pakistani lawyer
Hanif Awan, Pakistani politician
Imran Awan, American technology aide
Imran Awan (cricketer), Pakistani born American cricketer
Malik Munawar Khan Awan, Pakistani officer
Malik Shakir Bashir Awan, Pakistani politician
Madut Kon Awan, South Sudanese politician
Malik Shakeel Awan, Pakistani politician
Muhammad Huzair Awan, Pakistani Information Technology (IT) prodigy
Muhammad Safdar Awan, Pakistani politician
Paul Malong Awan, South Sudanese politician
Samina Awan, British actress

Arabic-language surnames


title: Hadad-yith'i bilingual inscription

text:
The Hadad-yith'i bilingual inscription, also known as the Tell el Fakhariya Bilingual Inscription is a bilingual inscription found on a Neo-Assyrian statue of Adad-it'i/Hadd-yith'i, the king of Guzana and Sikan, which was discovered at Tell Fekheriye in Syria in the late 1970s. The inscriptions are in the Assyrian dialect of Akkadian and Aramaic, the earliest Aramaic inscription. The statue, a standing figure wearing a tunic, is made of basalt and is 2 meters tall including the base. The two inscriptions are on the skirt of the tunic, with the Akkadian inscription (38 lines) on the front and the Aramaic inscription (23 lines) on the back. The text is most likely based on an Aramaic prototype. It is the earliest known Aramaic inscription, and is known as KAI 309.

The statue was inscribed as a votive object to Hadad, whose name the donor bore. It is generally dated to around 850 BC, though an 11th-century BC date has also been proposed.

Inscription
The inscription was carved in the two languages: Akkadian and Aramaic. The two versions are closely related in the beginning, however the second half has more differences.

Translation
The following translation is based on the Akkadian version:

To Adad, the canal inspector of heaven and earth, who causes it to rain abundance, who gives well-watered pastures to the people of all cities, and who provides portions of food offering to the gods, his brothers, inspector of the rivers who makes the whole world flourish, the merciful god to whom it is sweet to pray, he who resides in the city Guzana.

Hadad-yith'i, the governor of the land Guzana, the son of Sassu-nuri, governor of the land Guzana, has dedicated and given (this statue) to the great lord, his lord, for his good health and long days, for making his years numbers, for the well-being of his house, his descendants and his people, to remove his body's illnesses, and that my prayers will be heard and that my words will be favorably received.

May whoever finds it in disrepair in the future, renew it and put my name on it.  Whoever removes my name and puts his own on it, may Adad, the hero, be his judge.

Statue of Hadad-yith'i, the governor of Guzana, Sikani, and Zarani.  For the continuation of his throne and the lengthening of his region, so that his words will be agreeable to gods and men, he has made this statue better than before.  In front of Adad who resides in the city Sikani, lord of the Habur River, he has erected his statue.

Whoever removes my name from the objects in the temple of Adad, my lord, may my lord Adad not accept his food and drink offerings, may my lady Shala not accept his food and drink offerings.  May he sow but not reap.  May he sow a thousand (measures), but reap only one.  May one hundred ewes not satisfy one spring lamb; may one hundred cows not satisfy one calf, may one hundred women not satisfy one child, may one hundred bakers not fill up one oven!  May the gleaners glean from rubbish pits.  May illness, plague and insomnia not disappear from his land!

Notable elements
In the Assyrian passage of the inscription, Adad It'i gives his title as "governor" (saknu or saknu mati) of Guzana, whereas speaking to his own people in his own Aramaic tongue, he records his name as Hadad Yith'i, and his title is given as "king" (mlk).

Declaring that the god Hadad is the king Hadad Yith'i's lord, by whose blessing he rules, the inscription notably contains the Aramaic words for "image" (selem) and "likeness" (demut), thus furnishing an ancient and extra-biblical attestation for the terminology used in Genesis 1:26 on the Image of God.

Parallels have been noted between the curse invoked against potential vandals in this inscription and those made in others in Old Testament texts or extrabiblical ones like those in the Sefire inscriptions. For example, Kevin J. Cathcart notes the use of the formulation "Hadad the warrior" (hd gbr) is echoed in the Book of Isaiah's "God the Warrior" (l gbr).

See also
 Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
 Hadad-yith'i

References

Bibliography

Abou-Assaf,  Ali, P. Bordreuil, and A. Millard, 1982: La Statue de Tell Fekherye et son inscription bilingue assyro-araméenne (Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations), 13-37,
Abou-Assaf,  Ali, 1981, "Die Statue des HDYS'Y, König von Guzana", Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, volume 113, 3ff

Neo-Assyrian Empire
Aramaic languages
KAI inscriptions
Archaeological discoveries in Syria


title: 1895 in basketball

text:
Events
 January – Drexel University faced Temple University in the schools first organized games.  Drexel beat temple by a score of 26–1.
 February 9 – The first recorded game between two American college teams occurred, when Hamline University faced Minnesota A&M (which later became a part of the University of Minnesota).  Minnesota A&M won the game, which was played under rules allowing nine players per side, 9–3.

References


title: Vlad Dumitrescu

text:
Vlad Florin Dumitrescu (born April 8, 1990) is a former Romanian professional basketball player, he played for CSU Asesoft Ploiești, BCM Olimpic Baia Mare, CSM VSK Miercurea Ciuc and CSO Voluntari of the Romanian League.

References

1990 births
Living people
CSU Asesoft Ploiești players
Sportspeople from Ploiești
Romanian men's basketball players
Shooting guards
CSO Voluntari players


title: WormBase

text:
WormBase is an online biological database about the biology and genome of the nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and contains information about other related nematodes. WormBase is used by the C. elegans research community both as an information resource and as a place to publish and distribute their results.  The database is regularly updated with new versions being released every two months. WormBase is one of the organizations participating in the Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) project.

Contents

WormBase comprises the following main data sets:

The annotated genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis briggsae, Caenorhabditis remanei, Caenorhabditis brenneri, Caenorhabditis angaria, Pristionchus pacificus, Haemonchus contortus, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus;
Hand-curated annotations describing the function of ~20,500 C. elegans protein-coding genes and ~16,000 C. elegans non-coding genes;
Gene families;
Orthologies;
Genomic transcription factor binding sites
Comprehensive information on mutant alleles and their phenotypes;
Whole-genome RNAi (RNA interference) screens;
Genetic maps, markers and polymorphisms;
The C. elegans physical map;
Gene expression profiles (stage, tissue and cell) from microarrays, SAGE analysis and GFP promoter fusions;
The complete cell lineage of the worm;
The wiring diagram of the worm nervous system;
Protein-protein interaction Interactome data;
Genetic regulatory relationships;
Details of intra- and inter-specific sequence homologies (with links to other Model Organism Databases).

In addition, WormBase contains an up-to-date searchable bibliography of C. elegans research and is linked to the WormBook project.

Tools
WormBase offers many ways of searching and retrieving data from the database:
 WormMart, Wiki - was a tool for retrieving varied information on many genes (or the sequences of those genes).  This was the WormBase implementation of BioMart.
 WormMine, Wiki - as of 2016, the primary data mining facility. This is the WormBase implementation of InterMine.
 Genome Browser - browse the genes of C. elegans (and other species) in their genomic context
 Textpresso - a search tool that queries published C. elegans literature (including meeting abstracts) and a subset of nematode literature.

Sequence curation

Sequence curation at WormBase refers to the maintenance and annotation of the primary genomic sequence and a consensus gene set.

Genome sequence

Even though the C. elegans genome sequence is the most accurate and complete eukaryotic genome sequence, it has continually needed refinement as new evidence has been created. Many of these changes were single nucleotide insertions or deletions, however several large mis-assemblies have been uncovered. For example, in 2005 a 39 kb cosmid had to be inverted. Other improvements have come from comparing genomic DNA to cDNA sequences and analysis of RNASeq high-throughput data.  When differences between the genomic sequence and transcripts are identified, re-analysis of the original genomic data often leads to modifications of the genomic sequence.
The changes in the genomic sequence pose difficulties when comparing chromosomal coordinates of data derived from different releases of WormBase. There is a coordinate re-mapping program and mapping data are available to aid these comparisons.

Gene structure models

All the gene-sets of the WormBase species were initially generated by gene prediction programs. Gene prediction programs give a reasonable set of gene structures, but the best of them only predict about 80% of the complete gene structures correctly. They have difficulty predicting genes with unusual structures, as well as those with a weak translation start signal, weak splice sites or single exon genes. They can incorrectly predict a coding gene model where the gene is a pseudogene and they predict the isoforms of a gene poorly, if at all.

The gene models of C. elegans, C. briggsae, C. remanei, and C. brenneri  genes are manually curated. The majority of gene structure changes have been based on transcript data from large scale projects such as Yuji Kohara's EST libraries, Mark Vidal's Orfeome project (worfdb.dfci.harvard.edu/) Waterston and Hillier's Illumina data and Makedonka Mitreva's 454 data.  However, other data types (e.g. protein alignments, ab initio prediction programs, trans-splice leader sites, poly-A signals and addition sites, SAGE and TEC-RED transcript tags, mass-spectroscopic peptides, and conserved protein domains) are useful in refining the structures, especially where expression is low and so transcripts are not sufficiently available. When genes are conserved between the available nematode species, comparative analysis can also be very informative.

WormBase encourages researchers to inform them via the help-desk if they have evidence for an incorrect gene structure. Any cDNA or mRNA sequence evidence for the change should be submitted to EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ; this helps in the confirmation and evidence for the gene model as WormBase routinely retrieve sequence data from these public databases. This also makes the data public, allowing appropriate reference and acknowledgement to the researchers.

When any change is made to a CDS (or Pseudogene), the old gene model is preserved as a ‘history’ object. This will have a suffix name like: “AC3.5:wp119”, where ‘AC3.5’ is the name of the CDS and the ‘119’ refers to the database release in which the change was made. The reason for the change and the evidence for the change are added to the annotation of the CDS – these can be seen in the Visible/Remark section of the CDS's ‘Tree Display’ section on the WormBase web site.

Gene nomenclature

Genes

In WormBase, a Gene is a region that is expressed or a region that has been expressed and is now a Pseudogene. Genes have unique identifiers like ‘WBGene00006415’. All C. elegans WormBase genes also have a Sequence Name, which is derived from the cosmid, fosmid or YAC clone on which they reside, for instance F38H4.7, indicating it is on the cosmid ‘F38H4’, and there are at least 6 other genes on that cosmid. If a gene produces a protein that can be classified as a member of a family, the gene may also be assigned a CGC name like tag-30 indicating that this is the 30th member of the tag gene family. Assignment of gene family names is controlled by WormBase.  Before publication, requests for names should be made in WormBase.

There are a few exceptions to this format, like the genes cln-3.1, cln-3.2, and cln-3.3 which all are equally similar to the human gene CLN3.
Gene GCG names for non-elegans species in WormBase have the 3-letter species code prepended, like Cre-acl-5, Cbr-acl-5, Cbn-acl-5.

A gene can be a Pseudogene, or can express one or more non-coding RNA genes (ncRNA) or protein-coding sequences (CDS).

Pseudogenes

Pseudogenes are genes that do not produce a reasonable, functional transcript. They may be pseudogenes of coding genes or of non-coding RNA and may be whole or fragments of a gene and may or may not express a transcript. The boundary between what is considered a reasonable coding transcript is sometimes subjective as, in the absence of other evidence, the use of weak splice sites or short exons can often produce a putative, though unsatisfactory, model of a CDS. Pseudogenes and genes with a problematic structure are constantly under review in WormBase and new evidence is used to try to resolve their status.

CDSs

Coding Sequences (CDSs) are the only part of a Gene's structure that is manually curated in WormBase. The structure of the Gene and its transcripts are derived from the structure of their CDSs.

CDSs have a Sequence Name that is derived from the same Sequence Name as their parent Gene object, so the gene ‘F38H4.7’ has a CDS called ‘F38H4.7’. The CDS specifies coding exons in the gene from the START (Methionine) codon up to (and including) the STOP codon.

Any gene can code for multiple proteins as a result of alternative splicing. These isoforms have a name that is formed from the Sequence Name of the gene with a unique letter appended. In the case of the gene bli-4 there are 6 known CDS isoforms, called K04F10.4a, K04F10.4b, K04F10.4c, K04F10.4d, K04F10.4e and K04F10.4f.

It is common to refer to isoforms in the literature using the CGC gene family name with a letter appended, for example pha-4a, however this has no meaning within the WormBase database and searches for pha-4a in WormBase will not return anything. The correct name of this isoform is either the CDS/Transcript name: F38A6.1a, or even better, the Protein name: WP:CE15998.

Gene transcripts

The transcripts of a gene in WormBase are automatically derived by mapping any available cDNA or mRNA alignments onto the CDS model. These gene transcripts will therefore often include the UTR exons surrounding the CDS. If there are no available cDNA or mRNA transcripts, then the gene transcripts will have exactly the same structure as the CDS that they are modelled on.

Gene transcripts are named after the Sequence Name of the CDS used to create them, for example, F38H4.7 or K04F10.4a.

However, if there is alternative splicing in the UTRs, which would not change the protein sequence, the alternatively spliced transcripts are named with a digit appended, for example: K04F10.4a.1 and K04F10.4a.2. If there are no isoforms of the coding gene, for example AC3.5, but there is alternative splicing in the UTRs, there will be multiple transcripts named AC3.5.1 and AC3.5.2, etc. If there are no alternate UTR transcripts the single coding_transcript is named the same as the CDS and does not have the .1 appended, as in the case of K04F10.4f.

Operons

Groups of genes which are co-transcribed as operons are curated as Operon objects. These have names like CEOP5460 and are manually curated using evidence from the SL2 trans-spliced leader sequence sites.

Non-coding RNA genes

There are several classes of non-coding RNA gene classes in WormBase:

 tRNA genes are predicted by the program ‘tRNAscan-SE’.
 rRNA genes are predicted by homology with other species.
 snRNA genes are mainly imported from Rfam.
 piRNA genes are from an analysis of the characteristic motif in these genes.
 miRNA genes have mainly been imported from miRBase. They have the primary transcript and the mature transcript marked up. The primary transcript will have a Sequence name like W09G3.10 and the mature transcript will have a letter added to this name like W09G3.10a (and if there are alternative mature transcripts, W09G3.10b, etc.).
 snoRNA genes are mainly imported from Rfam or from papers.
 ncRNA genes that have no obvious other function but which are obviously not protein-coding and are not pseudogenes are curated.  Many of these have conserved homology with genes in other species. A few of these are expressed on the reverse sense to protein-coding genes.

There is also one scRNA gene.

Transposons

Transposons are not classed as genes and so do not have a parent gene object. Their structure is curated as a Transposon_CDS object with a name like C29E6.6.

Other species

The non-elegans species in WormBase have genomes that have been assembled from sequencing technologies that do not involve sequencing cosmids or YACs. These species therefore do not have sequence names for CDSs and gene transcripts that are based on cosmid names. Instead they have unique alphanumeric identifiers constructed like the names in the table below.

Proteins

The protein products of gene are created by translating the CDS sequences. Each unique protein sequence is given a unique identifying name like WP:CE40440.  Examples of the protein identifier names for each species in WormBase is given in the table, below.

It is possible for two CDS sequences from separate genes, within a species, to be identical and so it is possible to have identical proteins coded for by separate genes. When this happens, a single, unique identifying name is used for the protein even though it is produced by two genes.

ParaSite
WormBase ParaSite is a sub-portal for approximately 100 draft genomes of parasitic helminths (nematodes and platyhelminthes) developed at the European Bioinformatics Institute and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.  All genomes are assembled and annotated.  Additional information such as protein domains and Gene Ontology terms are also available.  Gene trees allow the alignment of orthologues between parasitic worms, other nematodes and non-worm comparator species.  A BioMart data-mining tool is offered to permit large scale access to the data.

WormBase management
WormBase is a collaboration among the European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Washington University in St. Louis, and the California Institute of Technology. It is supported by the grant P41-HG002223 from the National Institutes of Health and the grant G0701197 from the British Medical Research Council .  Caltech carries out the biological curation and develops the underlying ontologies, the EBI carries out sequence curation and computation as well as database builds, the Sanger is primarily involved in curation and display of parasitic nematode genomes and genes, and the OICR develops the website and main data mining tools.

Notes and references

External links
 WormBase
 WormBase ParaSite
 The WormBook website, the online textbook companion to WormBase.
 Textpresso, search engine for C. elegans and other biological literature.
 WormBase Wiki
 Release notes, details of the latest WormBase release
 WormBase: better software, richer content Nucleic Acids Research article describing WormBase (2006).

See also
 Flybase
 Xenbase

Animal developmental biology
Cell biology
Caenorhabditis elegans
Genetics databases
Genetics in the United Kingdom
Genomics organizations
Proteins
Model organism databases
South Cambridgeshire District
Wellcome Trust


title: 1904 in basketball

text:
Tournaments

Men's tournaments

Olympics
1904 Summer Olympics at St. Louis, featured basketball as a demonstration sport.
Champion: Buffalo German YMCA
Collegiate champion: Hiram College, in the first basketball tournament ever held limited exclusively to college teams
High school champion: New York
Elementary school champion: New York

References


title: Eesti Küttejõud

text:
AS Eesti Küttejõud (also: AS Eesti Kütte-Jõud; commonly: Küttejõud; literally: Estonian Heating Power) was an oil shale company located in Küttejõu, Estonia. The Küttejõu township, now district of Kiviõli, is named after the company.

Eesti Küttejõud was established in 1922 by the Union of Estonian Industrialists. It was  as the first private oil shale mining company. In 1925, the Tallinn pulp factory Põhja paberi- ja puupapivabrik () acquired the company. At the same year, the Küttejõu open-pit mine was opened.  Unlike other that time oil shale companies in Estonia, it did not have any shale oil extraction but only mining operations.  It sold mined oil shale directly for heating fuel to the paper mill and power plants.

In 1939, the company produced 126,238 tonnes of oil shale.  After occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, the company was nationalized in 1940.

See also

 Eesti Kiviõli
 Eestimaa Õlikonsortsium
 Esimene Eesti Põlevkivitööstus
 New Consolidated Gold Fields
 Oil shale in Estonia

References

Bibliography

Oil shale companies of Estonia
Ida-Viru County
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1922
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1940
1922 establishments in Estonia
1940s disestablishments in Estonia
Defunct energy companies of Estonia
Defunct mining companies
Companies nationalised by the Soviet Union


title: Ori and the Blind Forest

text:
Ori and the Blind Forest is a platform-adventure Metroidvania video game developed by Moon Studios and published by Microsoft Studios. The game was released for Windows and Xbox One in March 2015, and for Nintendo Switch in September 2019. Players assume control of Ori, a small white spirit, and Sein, the "light and eyes" of the Forest's Spirit Tree. Players are tasked to move between platforms and solve puzzles. The game features a save system called "Soul Links", which allows players to save their progress at will with limited resources, and an upgrade system that allows players to strengthen Ori's skills and abilities.

The game was developed by Moon Studios, a collective organization without a set location. The distribution rights to the game were acquired by Microsoft a year after the beginning of the game's development. The game story was inspired by The Lion King and The Iron Giant, while some of the gameplay elements were inspired by the Rayman and Metroid franchises.

Upon release, the game received critical acclaim, with players praising the gameplay, art direction, story, action sequences, musical score, and environmental design. The game was also dubbed as one of the titles that represented art in video games. Moon Studios co-founder Gennadiy Korol said the game was profitable for the company within a few weeks after its initial launch. An expansion, called the Definitive Edition, was released in March 2016. A direct sequel, Ori and the Will of the Wisps, was announced during Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 and was released on March 11, 2020.

Gameplay

Ori and the Blind Forest is a 2D Metroidvania; a platform game with an emphasis on exploration, collecting items and upgrades, and backtracking to previously inaccessible areas. The player controls Ori, a white guardian spirit, and Sein, who is the light and eyes of the Spirit Tree. As Ori, players must jump, climb, and use various other abilities to navigate the game's world. Sein can shoot Spirit Flames to combat enemies or break obstacles. Ori is required to interact with the environment by jumping from platforms and solving puzzles, and is faced with various enemies. The player helps Ori collect health cells, energy cells, new abilities, and upgrades. The game world unfolds to the player in the fashion of a Metroidvania, with new abilities allowing the player to access previously inaccessible areas.

In addition to scripted save points scattered in the game, players can create "soul links" at any time they choose to serve as checkpoints. However, soul links can only be created using energy cells collected during gameplay; the needed energy is not in abundant supply, forcing players to create them only when necessary. The player can obtain ability points to gain upgrades and benefits, such as increasing the damage of Sein's Spirit Flame. These upgrades can be achieved when the player has enough ability points to learn the skill they desire, anywhere a soul link has been created. An ability point is gained when Ori collects enough experience by killing enemies, destroying various plants, and finding spirit light containers or ability cells (which instantly awards Ori an ability point). Each skill must be learned in sequential order from one of three ability trees to allow the next skill to be accessible.

Plot
The voice of the Spirit Tree in the forest of Nibel narrates the story of when Ori, a guardian spirit, fell from it during a storm as a newborn and was adopted by a creature named Naru, who raised Ori as her own. A cataclysmic event soon makes the forest wither, and Naru dies of starvation. Newly orphaned, Ori is left to explore the forest on their own. After collapsing near the Spirit Tree and being revived by it, Ori later meets Sein, a small orb who guides Ori on a journey to restore the forest. Sein tasks Ori with recovering the light of three main elements supporting the balance of Nibel: Waters, Winds, and Warmth.

Ori and Sein come across two beings in their quest: Gumo, the last survivor of the spider-like Gumon clan, who were wiped out by the forest's cataclysm, and whose home supports the Wind element; and Kuro, a giant, shadowy owl who is hostile toward Ori. Gumo initially steals the key to the Water element, but he returns it after Ori saves him from a rockslide. After the Wind element is rekindled, Ori and Sein find Kuro's nest, empty except for a single egg, and they learn the source of her wrath and the forest's cataclysm: when Ori was lost, the Spirit Tree released a flash of light to look for them, which burned and killed all of Kuro's recently hatched offspring when she was away from her nest looking for food. Determined to prevent this from happening to her yet unborn child, Kuro took away the core on top of the Spirit Tree, which is actually Sein. Without its core, the Spirit Tree could not sustain the three elements, and Nibel lost its balance. Meanwhile, Gumo overhears Ori and Sein's intentions to restore Nibel and uses his clan treasure that stores the light from the Spirit Tree to revive Naru, taking her to where Ori is.

After the final element, Warmth, is restored in the volcano Mount Horu, Kuro attacks Ori and Sein as the fire from Horu spreads. Naru, who had been separated from Gumo, arrives to protect Ori from Kuro. Kuro softens, remembering the pain of losing her children. As the fire spreads and is about to reach her remaining egg, Kuro takes Sein back to the Spirit Tree, which emits a flash of bright light that dissipates the fire and restores the forest, but Kuro is destroyed by the light. Time passes as the forest begins to flourish once more, and Ori watches new spirits being born in the field at the foot of the Spirit Tree. Gumo and Naru watch together from afar, before the latter goes home, where Kuro's last egg now rests, just in time to see it begin to hatch.

Development
Ori and the Blind Forest was developed by Moon Studios, a worldwide collaboration of designers and programmers who had been working on the game for four years before it was released, with Microsoft acquiring the game about a year after development started. One of the lead team members is Thomas Mahler, an artist formerly working with Blizzard Entertainment. According to Microsoft producer Daniel Smith, Moon Studios is not located in any one location, but instead, staffers are working from around the world, including Austria, Australia, Israel, and the United States. Gameplay programmer David Clark described the team as being inspired by current and classic adventure games, notably the Rayman and Metroid franchises, and that Ori is intended as a "love letter" to those games.

The designers say they were guided by works such as The Lion King and The Iron Giant and that it is a "coming-of-age story". The designers were heavily influenced by the work of Hayao Miyazaki, particularly with one of the levels "Valley of the Wind", being a nod to Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. The art style is meant to appear hand-drawn, similar to the more recent Rayman titles that utilize Ubisoft's UbiArt graphics engine; the game instead uses the Unity engine. The game takes place in one large map, rendered at 1080p and 60 frames per second with no visible loading time as the player explores. According to Mahler, the game's backgrounds are all individual components, with none duplicated as in other similar titles. As an example, Mahler explained, "You see this tree in the background and this mushroom and this rock? That's the one and only place you'll ever see those assets."

The game was unveiled at E3 2014 during Microsoft's pre-show press conference at the Galen Center; E3 was the first time a number of Moon Studios employees actually met face-to-face. Microsoft's Yusuf Mehdi, in charge of marketing for Xbox One, stated that they considered opening the conference with Ori, but instead chose Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare. During E3, attendees waited in long lines to play a demo version of the game, often waiting in queues 7-8 people deep for each of the four consoles featuring the game.

Sometime after E3, Moon Studios announced on the game website that an Xbox 360 version of Ori and the Blind Forest was in development and planned for release sometime in early 2015. In November 2014, Moon Studios updated the status of the game and announced plans to push back the launch of the title into "early 2015" for Xbox One and PC, but no further mention of the Xbox 360 version was made at the time. Asked to clarify the status of the Xbox 360 edition, Moon Studios confirmed it was still in development and would be released later in 2015. , there has been no further announcement on the status of the Xbox 360 release and has been considered cancelled.

Ori and the Blind Forest: Definitive Edition was announced at Gamescom 2015. The expansion contains new areas, mechanics, and artwork. Specifically, it adds in "easy" and "hard" difficulty levels, which alter health and damage inflicted by enemies, and "One Life" mode; it enables fast travel between spirit wells to help traverse the game's world and it enables full backtracking through the map. This version was released on March 11, 2016 for Xbox One, on the one-year anniversary of the game, while the Windows version was released shortly afterwards on April 27, 2016. Those who have already purchased the original game are able to upgrade to the Definitive Edition. In May 2016, Nordic Games announced that they had partnered with Moon Studios and Microsoft to release a retail version of the Definitive Edition for Windows. It was released on June 14, 2016.

Following from Microsoft's working relationship with Nintendo after the release of Minecraft and Cuphead for the Nintendo Switch and the Banjo-Kazooie series receiving representation in the Switch crossover title Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, The Definitive Edition for Nintendo Switch was announced during Nintendo's Indie World showcase and was released on September 27, 2019.

Reception

Ori and the Blind Forest received universal acclaim for the Nintendo Switch version and generally favourable reviews for the Windows and Xbox One versions, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic, with praise particularly directed to the game's story, visuals, gameplay, music, exploration, and environmental design. Metacritic gave the Windows version 88/100 based on 12 reviews, the Xbox One version 88/100 based on 73 reviews and the Nintendo Switch version 90/100 based on 19 reviews.

Writing for Game Informer, Andrew Reiner gave the game a 9.5/10, praising its accessible yet challenging gameplay, well-designed controls, strong storytelling, surprising plot twists, rewarding exploration, orchestrated music, breath-taking and mesmerizing environmental design, as well as the wonderfully scripted challenges, which require players to utilize creative thinking. However, he stated that the combat system in the game is not as refined as the platforming. He named the game "one of the best games of the year" and claimed that "there isn't a bad moment in Ori and the Blind Forest". Chris Carter from Destructoid also gave the game a 9.5/10, praising its well-executed and light narrative, satisfying upgrades as well as the visuals, which he compared to the Rayman series, but he stated that "[Ori] easily surpasses them in quality." He also praised the game for allowing players to set their own checkpoints anytime. He summarized the review by saying that "it succeeds in being both a great introduction to the genre and a rewarding experience for the hardcore audience" and called the game "a new classic" as a Metroidvania.

Ray Carsillo from Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the vast variety of environments, the delicate hand-drawn art style, remarkable and memorable story, and the quick save system, which has effectively avoided annoyance and frustration. He also praised the game for putting emphasis on platforming, puzzle-solving, and exploration instead of combat as it allows players to fully appreciate the level design. He also praised the game for capturing the balance between too forgiving and too punishing. However, he criticized the occasional frame rate drops as well as the game for not enabling players to re-enter certain areas after completing their quests (an issue addressed in the Definitive Edition). He stated that the game "is polished enough to rarely break the immersion it inspires. It's one of my favorite titles of 2015 so far and an unforgettable debut for indie developer Moon Studios." Kevin VanOrd from GameSpot gave the game a 9/10, praising its vibrant visuals, carefully designed levels, thrilling and exciting escape sequence, terrific pacing, rewarding challenges, as well as the narrative, which he compared to Ōkami and Panzer Dragoon Orta. He also praised the game's opening sequence, calling it "among the best story sequences of any game." However, he criticized the occasionally frustrating levels.

Lucas Sullivan from GamesRadar gave the game a score of 8/10, praising its exquisite animation, phenomenal atmosphere, uplifting music, and intuitive gameplay, which he stated "has conveyed a real sense of lightweight agility". However, he criticized the save system, which may lead to constant death, and the difficulty spikes during the escape sequences. He summarized the game by saying that "Completing Oris six-to-nine-hour journey will certainly leave you feeling warm, fuzzy, and accomplishedjust be ready to dig in for some particularly trying segments." Nick Tan from Game Revolution gave the game a 4/5, praising its presentation and platforming but criticizing its short length and low replay value, believing the game "needlessly punishing" in the escape sequences.

The game has been considered an example of video games becoming closer to art. For example, Chris Melissinos commented that the video game audience was not used to seeing the "dreamlike sensitivity" of its style of art, "usually reserved for high profile animated films".

Sales
According to Moon Studios' Thomas Mahler, Ori and the Blind Forest became profitable for Microsoft within one week of the game's launch on Xbox One and PC; and Gennadiy Korol, co-founder of Moon Studios, said the game was profitable for the studio itself within "a couple of weeks." Mahler described Microsoft as being "super-happy" with Ori and hinted that the franchise may see a future installment, eventually leading to Ori and the Will of the Wisps. He stated that the Xbox 360 version of the game was still in development and was at the time expected to launch later in the spring (Q2) of 2015. Although no official statement has confirmed it, the Xbox 360 version has been cancelled and was never released.

Awards

Legacy
The main characters, Ori and Sein, were announced as a playable fighter in the independent fighting game Rivals of Aether on June 12, 2017 and were released in Q2 2017.

A direct sequel, Ori and the Will of the Wisps, was announced during E3 2017 and shown again during E3 2018, Gamescom 2018, E3 2019 and The Game Awards 2019. It was released on March 11, 2020.

Notes

References

External links

2015 video games
Indie games
Fantasy video games
Single-player video games
Windows games
Platformers
Xbox One games
Adventure games
Microsoft games
Metroidvania games
Microsoft franchises
Nintendo Switch games
Cancelled Xbox 360 games
Orphans in fiction
Video games about plants
Video games scored by Gareth Coker
Video games developed in Austria
Video game franchises introduced in 2015
The Game Awards winners
Golden Joystick Award winners
BAFTA winners (video games)
Video games designed by Thomas Mahler
Iam8bit games


title: 2014 Waterford City and County Council election

text:
An election to Waterford City and County Council took place on 23 May 2014 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 32 councillors were elected from five local electoral areas by on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) for a five-year term of office. This was a new local authority formed by a merger from the abolished Waterford City Council and Waterford County Councils. In addition, the town councils of Dungarvan, Lismore and Tramore were also abolished.

Although it was behind Fine Gael in terms of first preference vote share, Fianna Fáil emerged as the joint largest party on the council after the elections winning 8 seats in all. The party secured 3 seats in Comeragh, 2 in Dungarvan-Lismore and 1 in each of the Waterford city LEAs where the party had been traditionally weak after 2004 and 2009. Fine Gael's best result was in Dungarvan-Lismore where the party returned 3 seats. As the results indicate several of the party's sitting councillors lost their seats across the City and County. It was also a very poor election for Labour who were reduced to just 1 seat on the new Council and no City representation. The Workers' Party lost its sole seat; the first time since 1974 where it had no representation in Waterford local politics. Sinn Féin had a very successful election increasing their numbers to 6 across the City and County and winning a seat in each LEA. Independents secured the remaining 9 seats.

Results by party

Results by local electoral area

Comeragh

Dungarvan-Lismore

Tramore-Waterford City West

Waterford City East

Waterford City South

Changes since 2014
† Waterford City East Cllr Eddie Mulligan joined Fianna Fáil and ceased to be an Independent on 2 November 2014.
†† Comeragh Fianna Fáil Cllr Mary Butler was elected a TD for Waterford at the Irish general election, 2016. Ray Murphy was co-opted to fill the vacancy.
††† Waterford City East Fine Gael Cllr John Carey died on 8 September 2018 after a short illness. His daughter, Sharon, was co-opted to fill the vacancy on 8 November 2018.
†††† Waterford City East Independent Cllr Mary Roche resigned her seat on 30 November 2018 for personal reasons. Matt Shanahan was co-opted to fill the vacancy.

References

External links
 Official website

Waterford City
Waterford City and County Council elections


title: Ante Krapić

text:
Ante Krapić (born December 19, 1985) is a Croatian professional basketball player  currently playing for Bosco of the Croatian second-tier Prva muška liga. Standing at 2.03 m, he plays at the forward positions.

External links
 scoutbasketball.com Profile
 Druga ABA Liga Profile
 proballers.com Profile
 realGM Profile

References

1985 births
Living people
Croatian men's basketball players
KK Cibona players
KK Zadar players
KK Zagreb players
Basketball players from Zadar
BC Lietkabelis players
KK Zabok players
Forwards (basketball)
Power forwards (basketball)
CSU Pitești players
ZTE KK players
SZTE-Szedeák players
KK Gorica players

Sportspeople from Zadar
KK Borik Puntamika players


title: Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein

text:
The Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein was a cotton mill which had accompanying weaving sheds, located in the area now known as Wuppertal, Germany. It was the largest of its type in Bergisches Land and was owned by the Jung family between 1835 and 1869, when it also included a textile school.

Location
The name Hammerstein can be traced to the  in Vohwinkel, now part of Wuppertal, Germany. Wuppertal in its present borders was formed in 1929 by merging the early industrial settlements of Barmen and Elberfeld with Vohwinkel, Ronsdorf, Cronenberg, Langerfeld, and Beyenburg. The initial name of the town, Barmen-Elberfeld, was changed in a 1930 referendum to Wuppertal (“Wupper Valley”). The Hammerstein manor house controlled much of the valley floor of the Wupper. In 1825 it gave its name to the  in  , that still stands on the Hammersteiner Allee, and to a station of the suspension railway. Sonnborn itself gave its name to the  on the autobahn 46 and autobahn 535.

History
Downhill from the Villa Hammerstein, the businessman Johann Christian Jung built the weaving sheds and the cotton mill Baumwollspinnerei Hammerstein alongside the Wupper between 1835 and 1837. He included workers accommodation in the form of an apartment block.

The "state-of-the-art" six-storey mill was designed by the architect Christian Heyden; it is 46 metres long, 15.5 metres wide and 20.5 metres high.

The mill was notably large and Levin Schücking in his  1856 publication „Eisenbahnfahrt von Minden nach Köln“ wrote that in Vohwinkel one entered the valley of the Wupper with the industrial towns of Barmen and Elberfeld lying ahead:

The Hammersteiner Baumwollspinnerei, the largest buildings in the  valley were the „riesigen Spindelkaserne“ und „Webstuhlpalast“- the giant barracks for spindles, and palace for looms.
The firm, at that time, had spinning machines with a capacity of 20000 spindles and a 100 operating looms, which produced  of yarn.

The Hammersteiner Baumwollspinnerei of F. A. Jung was reported closed in 1869.

In 1938, 20 families lived in the workers' quarters, who were Gastarbeiter from Kirchen, 50 miles to the south east where the Jung family had their first mill, Spinnerei Jungenthal, established in 1799. This is the same family that operated the Jung Jungenthal locomotive works.

The highway interchange Sonnborner Kreuz highway interchange has transformed 24 ha of the Sonnborn end of Wuppertal. It was started in 1968 and opened on 16 May 1974, it cost 150 Million DM. In total 65 buildings containing 576 apartments were demolished, 2000 inhabitants were resettled. The factory lay beneath a feed-in road: buildings were lost.

Gallery

References
Footnotes

Notes

External links
 Hammerstein images of the place, vohwinkel.net
 Hammerstein historic images of the place wuppertal-vohwinkel.net

Buildings and structures in Wuppertal
Textile mills in Germany
Cotton mills


title: Novi Sad Football League

text:
Novi Sad City League (Serbian: Градска лига Нови Сад; Gradska liga Novi Sad) is one of the 52 Intermunicipal football league in Serbia. Inter-municipal league as a sixth level league football competition in Serbia. In league clubs compete with area of Novi Sad, Beočin and Temerin, which is managed by the Football Association of the City of Novi Sad. The league has 18 teams. Champion goes directly or through a barrage of GPFL Novi Sad.

Champions history

See also
Serbian SuperLiga
Serbian First League
Serbian League
Vojvodina League West
Serbian Zone League
GPFL Novi Sad

External links

 Results and Table „Novi Sad Football League“ www.srbijasport.net

6
Football in Vojvodina


title: Mantas Jankavičius

text:
Mantas Jankavičius (born 20 May 1980) is a Lithuanian singer and actor.

Biography
Born in Vilnius, he later moved with his parents to Kėdainiai. With 13 years, he started singing Kėdainiai rock band "Silence Zone". At the age of 19 years, he returned to Vilnius and joined in the Vilnius Conservatory, where he learned to play trombone. At the same-time he was an active singer in a band called La "Vita" and released an album with them. After the departure of one of the members, he decided to start a solo career.
In 2001, he participated in the competition Fizz Superstar, which was held in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and he reached the finals. After the contest he gained attention from several Estonian producers, offering to collaborate. He then recorded a number of tracks. Later noted Tabami goes ... "concerts, which embodied the Freddie Mercury  and Robbie Williams. Cast musicals: "Love and Death in Verona - Romeo, Notre Dame - Quasimodo.

In 2010 Mantas debuted in cinema, in movie "Tadas Blinda Pradžia".

Personal life
He has wife Eve and has two sons, Benas (born 2007) and Herkus (born 2011).

Discography
 Gyvenam kartą (2007)

Filmography

References

1980 births
21st-century Lithuanian male singers
Lithuanian male film actors
Lithuanian pop singers
Living people
21st-century Lithuanian male actors


title: List of teams on the 2014–15 World Curling Tour

text:
The following is a list of teams that participated on the 2014–15 World Curling Tour.

Men
As of September 13, 2014

Women
As of September 13, 2014

References
World Curling Tour: Men's teams
World Curling Tour: Women's teams

External links
World Curling Tour: Home

Teams
2014 in curling
2015 in curling
World Curling Tour teams


title: Pro Evolution Soccer 2015

text:
Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 (abbreviated as PES 2015 and known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2015 in Japan) is a football simulation game developed by PES Productions and published by Konami for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It is the fourteenth edition of the Pro Evolution Soccer series. The cover of the game features Mario Götze of Bayern Munich (except for the Japanese version, whose cover art features Keisuke Honda of A.C. Milan). In this game, the slogan used was The Pitch is Ours for the first time. PES 2015 was followed by Pro Evolution Soccer 2016.

Downloadable content
The game's first downloadable content pack was released on 9 November 2014, ahead of the official launch of PES 2015 on 13 November. The pack adds an extra eight European teams (Slovan Bratislava, FK Partizan, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Ludogorets Razgrad, HJK Helsinki, Qarabağ, Legia Warsaw, Sparta Prague), the Copa Sudamericana 2014 tournament, summer transfers, new player faces, latest squad lineups, and a series of latest boots from Adidas, Nike and Puma.

A second downloadable content pack was released on 15 December, adding four new teams and stadia, among other updates.

Demo
The PES 2015 demo became available on 1 September 2014. The playable teams are Bayern Munich, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid, Juventus, & Napoli.

Reception

The game sold 1.72million units worldwide.

Pro Evolution Soccer 2015 received generally positive reviews from critics. IGN scored it a 9 out of 10, stating "PES 2015 embraces its PS2-era roots while offering almost everything you could want from a modern football simulation." However, they criticized the presentation, saying that it still needs some work. Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 4 out of 5, saying, "After a few submissive years, Konami has put forth a game that caters to soccer fans with superb flexibility for creative expression, fluid gameplay and astoundingly intelligent AI."

References

External links
 Official website

2014 video games
Association football video games
J.League licensed video games
Konami games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games with AI-versus-AI modes
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
2015
Sports video games set in France
Sports video games set in Germany
Sports video games set in Italy
Video games set in 2014
Video games set in 2015
Video games set in Argentina
Video games set in Asia
Video games set in Brazil
Video games set in Chile
Video games set in England
Sports video games set in Japan
Video games set in Monaco
Video games set in Poland
Video games set in Portugal
Video games set in South America
Video games set in South Korea
Video games set in Spain
Video games set in the Netherlands
Video games set in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
La Liga licensed video games
Sports video games with career mode
Video games developed in Japan
Fox Engine games


title: 1897 in basketball

text:
March 20 – Yale beat Penn in the first "modern" men's intercollegiate basketball game, between teams officially organized by their colleges and featuring five players per side.  Previous intercollegiate games had occurred, but those games either featured teams of students that were not officially recognized by their schools, or that utilized the sport's original rules allowing nine players per side.
 November 15 – The U.S. Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) resolves to host the first official national basketball championship, to be held at the end of the 1897–1898 basketball season, as the "grand conclusion" to the season.

References