title: Coldharbour Mill Working Wool Museum

text:
Coldharbour Mill, near the village of Uffculme in Devon, England, is one of the oldest woollen textile mills in the world, having been in continuous production since 1797. The mill was one of a number owned by Fox Brothers, and is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.

Location

Coldharbour Mill can be found just off junction 27 of the M5 motorway near the village of Uffculme, and near to the border with Somerset. The headquarters for the mill was at Tonedale in Wellington. The water provided by the nearby River Culm was a prime factor in Thomas Fox's decision to purchase the existing grist mill. In 1797, he wrote to his brother "I have purchased the premises at Uffculme for eleven hundred guineas, which I do not think dear as they include about fifteen acres of very fine meadow land. The buildings are but middling, but the stream good."
The roads in the area at the time were very poor, and finished cloth had to be carried by pack horses to the nearby ports of Topsham and Exeter, or by carrier's cart to Bridgwater, Bristol and London (a twelve-day journey).

History

It appears that there has been a mill of some description near the Coldharbour site since Saxon times. The Domesday Book recording two mills in the Uffculme area.

At its peak the company employed approximately 5,000 people and owned and operated nine mills and factories in Somerset, Devon, and Oxfordshire. One of the most notable satellite mills was that of William Bliss & Sons, built in 1872 after a disastrous fire in the original mill. Located in Chipping Norton, the William Bliss site was one of the grandest mills in England, complete with reading room, chapel and workers cottages. Fox Brothers bought it in 1920.
The main Tonedale site in Wellington was the largest integrated mill site in the South West of England, covering 10 acres of land and forming the hub of the Fox Brothers woollen manufacturing 'empire'. It is believed to have been the only 'Twin Vertical Woollen Factory' in the world - that is, making both worsted and woollen products, and controlling the entire process from fleece to finished cloth in-house.

The founders

The ancestors of the mill owners, the Fox family (no relation to George Fox, founder of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers) and the Were family, were early Quaker converts. During George Fox's first visit to Devonshire in 1655, he went to the house of Nicholas Tripe and his wife, who became 'convinced'. Their daughter, Anstice, married George Croker of Plymouth, and they were much persecuted for their beliefs. Their daughter Tabitha married Francis Fox of St. Germans, Cornwall, a serge maker. The family remained in Cornwall, becoming merchants and shipping agents, and in 1745 the grandson of Francis and Tabitha, Edward Fox of Eggeshall near Wadebridge, married Anne Were, the daughter of a Wellington serge maker, Thomas Were. (In 1749, Edward's cousin, George Croker Fox, married Mary Were, the sister of Anne). Thomas Were was a very successful manufacturer, and had inherited the WRE trademark, which certified the quality of his cloth. His great-great grandfather John Were of Pinksmoor was credited with owning a fulling mill. During one of the visits of Edward to his father-in-law, it was suggested that one of Edward and Anne's sons should join the Wellington woollen manufacturing business. After four years of study overseas, Edward's son Thomas Fox moved to Wellington, and became a partner of Were and Company in 1772, aged 25.  Thomas and his wife Sarah Smith, built in 1801, then lived in, Tone Dale House, Wellington - the house is still lived in by a Fox, five generations later, by Ben and Victoria Fox. In 1826, when his sons were partners (the Weres having relinquished their shares), the business was renamed Fox Brothers.

The family were prominent in local affairs, and subscribed £1,044 5s 6d in shares in the Grand Western Canal between 1809 and 1813, Thomas having considered the original proposal of 1792 with considerable reticence: "People hereaway seem now as much too eager to engage in Canals as they have been too backward for many years. The almost incredible sum of £900,000 was lately subscribed at Wells in about two hours for cutting one from Taunton to Bristol. Whilst this delyrium continues the writer is neither disposed to subscribe himself nor to recommend his friends doing it, as he doubts whilst such money pours in on them in such abundance it may be badly husbanded."

Banking
In 1787, Were and Company ran short of ready cash, and decided to print their own bank notes - effectively "promises to pay". On 30 October, Thomas printed 500 notes of five guineas each. The notes were well received by local businesses. In 1797, an invasion scare resulted in a shortage of gold and cash, and Thomas Fox issued 3,000 five guinea notes, and seventy six £20 notes in order to enable his business to continue its expansion.
The Fox, Fowler and Company bank eventually had over fifty branches in the West Country, and was authorised to issue its own bank notes until 1921, the year it was taken over by Lloyds Bank - itself founded by a Quaker, Sampson Lloyd. One of the original £5 notes is on display at Tone Dale House, the family home which Thomas Fox built, in 1801.

Textile products

Exeter was the centre of the mediaeval woollen trade in England, with cloth being exported to the Continental markets of France, Holland and Germany. Kersey, a sturdy cloth, was superseded by serge, so that by 1681 95% of the Exeter cloth export was serge. As already mentioned, the Were family were major suppliers of serge cloth to the Continent, especially Holland. Whilst using the ports of London and Bristol as well, Topsham was a major port for the Were export trade. We have a contemporary description of the Exeter trade in serge by Celia Fiennes (1662–1741):

However, the French Revolution and the invasion of Flanders in 1793 caused very serious difficulties for Exeter cloth merchants, and in 1794 the Weres were forced to cancel major worsted yarn orders.
Napoleon's Italian campaigns of 1796-7 closed the Italian market for English cloth, and then Spain entered the war as an ally of France, leading to the confiscation of Exeter cloth. Only six vessels cleared from the Exe with cloth in 1797, and two in 1798; a far cry from the 1768 despatch of 330,414 pieces of cloth. Some Exeter merchants, such as Barings, moved to London - the Weres changed production to long ells, a fine white serge, for the East India Company. A letter from Thomas Fox to Green and Walford, factors, is to be found in the Fox Brothers Letter Book archive:
With the termination of the monopoly of the East India Company's charter in 1833 through the Government of India Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4 c. 85), the trade in long ells to China declined, and Thomas Fox developed the production of flannel, which was sold in the home market and to America. Following his Quaker beliefs, Thomas Fox refused to sell flannel to the East India Company when he heard it would be used in the manufacture of cartridges.
In 1881, as a result of losses in the First Boer War, a Parliamentary Commission sought to equip the army with khaki uniform. Fox Brothers decided to bid for the contract, reasoning that the new contract for 5,000 puttees would save lives, as well as create employment. Fox Brothers went on to be the major producer of puttees, manufacturing some 850 miles of the cloth in World War I.

In support of the flannel emphasis, in 1865 Coldharbour Mill moved over to producing worsted yarn rather than woollen yarn. This necessitated the need for more power to drive new combing machines. (Worsted yarn is made from sheep with long hair fleeces and the wool has to be combed to ensure that all the fibres are parallel.)

Coldharbour Mill classifies itself as "a working wool museum" and as such runs its museum machinery to demonstrate how woollen products were made. The demonstration products (including worsted yarn, tartan cloth, and rugs) are made available for sale. The mill has four registered tartans - Devon Original (1284), Devon Companion (1283), Somerset (831), and Blackdown Hills (6711).

Architecture

English Heritage wrote a Historic Buildings Report (B/065/2001) about the mill complex, and described the site as "probably one of the best-preserved textile mill complexes in the country. It retains the full range of buildings and power system features which characterised the development of the 19th century textile mill with much of the machinery that was used at the site in the 20th century."

Coldharbour Mill was primarily always used for the production of wool yarn for the weaving frames of the Wellington mill. The original grist mill was probably a three-storey building, and the original sale notice of 1788 states "The Stream divides in two Parts, one at each End of the House, and they are in a Manner two separate Mills, under the same Roof". A legal dispute of 1834  contains a detailed map of the water courses, which are in their existing positions, with a leat to the front and rear of the grist mill.

The foundations of the main mill were mentioned in a letter of 15 April 1799, stating that they were 50 feet from the grist mill - further away than the current building, but at a point where the wall is thicker today. The mill building of 39 feet wide by 123 feet long was very large for its time. Thomas Fox wrote to his machinery supplier describing how the new mill building was to operate:
An inventory of 1802 suggests that spinning was to be carried out on hand-powered spinning jennies, with a waterwheel (costing £450) powering the carding machines. By 1816 the mill contained worsted spinning frames, and in 1822 a new waterwheel costing £1,500 had been installed.

The main mill building was expanded at various times, with a two-story extension added to the north; a fireproof stone staircase to the east; a wheelhouse; a fourth floor to the main building; and an adjacent combing shed built over the tail race leat flowing from the waterwheel.

Steam power came to the mill in three major building phases. In 1865 a beam engine house was built, together with a boiler house and the first chimney on the site. In the 1890s a second beam engine arrived, the boiler house was extended and the existing chimney built, and then in 1910 the existing horizontal engine was fitted, the Green's economiser house added and the boiler house extended again.

The mill site contains a wide variety of subsidiary buildings, including stabling, a linhay, a gas retort house (see below), a carpenter's workshop, an air raid shelter from WWII, worker's cottages, and the manager's house. The tail race which takes the water away from the waterwheel is unusual in that it runs under the combing shed in a wide culvert, before briefly reappearing and then running underground again for some 200 metres.

Sources of power

Coldharbour Mill is unusual to have used both water and steam power right up to the time of its demise as a commercial venture. The water power was believed to have been used for the night shift up until 1978.

Water power

The English Heritage report states "it is possible that the wheel pit and parts of the wheel itself are the remnants of the new wheel which was recorded in the Stock Book of 1822...and should be considered of considerable historic significance". The cast and wrought iron high breast-shot wheel is 18 feet in diameter by 14 feet wide, with 48 buckets. It is part of a very unusual survival of a combined water and steam powered drive system, as it continued to be used after the 1910 addition of the horizontal steam engine, and the drive mechanism is still in place. The wheel is turning most days.

Steam power

Thomas Fox's brother Edward was part owner of a Cornish mine, and was instrumental in installing an early example of a Boulton and Watt engine. Edward told Thomas about this new technology, with the result that James Watt was invited to Wellington in 1782, just six months after his patent for the sun and planet gear that allowed reciprocating motion. Thomas missed the meeting, but wrote to him afterwards:
However, the visit came to nothing, partly due to the very high cost of coal, and partly due to the discontent about mechanisation, which would culminate in the later Luddite Movement. A letter in 1785 from Thomas states
Thus it was that the first mechanised wool spinning machinery, purchased from Backhouse of Darlington, were powered by horses. These arrived in September 1791, bringing the Industrial Revolution to the West Country. It was evident from a letter of 1786 that Thomas wished he could have had a cheap source of coal, as in those parts of the country fed by canals:

Although the Wellington mill purchased a steam engine for £90 (and a £20 boiler) in 1840, Coldharbour Mill did not get a steam engine until 1865, by which time the Bristol and Exeter Railway was supplying cheap coal to Tiverton Junction. The mill has two Lancashire boilers in the boiler house, only one of which is still operational. Initially a 25 hp beam engine was installed, followed by a second beam engine in the 1890s (possibly 1896). A Pollit & Wigzell 300 hp, cross compound engine superseded the beam engines in 1910 and continued in use, along with the water wheel, until Fox Brothers closed the mill in April 1981. Today the cross compound steam engine remains fully operational and runs regularly at steam up weekends. It drives the shafting on all five floors of the mill via an operational rope drive. In 1993 a salvaged 1867 Kittoe and Brotherhood beam engine was painstakingly restored and installed at the mill, in one of the disused beam engine sheds.

The mill contains a number of other steam powered exhibits, including a working Ashworth fire pump, already at Coldharbour, but repaired in 1984 with components from Bliss Mill; a very rare example of a low pressure wagon boiler dating from the late 1700s; and a (non-operational) steam powered flue fan.

Electrical power
Coldharbour Mill also had a small water turbine for electricity generation, which used the 14 foot head of water between the upper leat and the tail race. No references have been found to it in any register of Devon hydro-electric schemes, and it was unlikely to have generated any more than 3 kW peak power. The exit is visible today in the tail race leat, but nothing else is believed to exist.

Two generators  were installed in the beam engine house after the beam engines were removed and these were driven by the Pollit and Wigzell engine. The flat belt pulley system is still in existence. It is believed that this was used for lighting rather than running the machines.

Gas production
Coldharbour Mill generated its own coal gas on site for lighting the mill (and thus enabling the machinery to be run all night). Although the retorts have been removed and disposed of, the Gas Retort house which housed the retort bench is still standing. In fact, the original gas retorts have been discovered in the leat, where they served as weir components. English Heritage classifies the late 19th century Gas Retort House as a very rare survival of gas-making facilities.

Textile machinery

At the time of its closure in April 1981, Coldharbour Mill still had its textile machinery in position. The majority of these machines have been preserved (though not all are exhibited), and have been augmented with weaving machines rescued from the closure of the Tonedale site. The lowest part of the site, the level 1 combing shed, dealt with the initial cleaning and combing of the unwashed wool. The process involved a number of separate stages, each with a specialised machine. The eight opening gill machines (made by Taylor Wadsworth & Co.) opened up the fleeces and prepared the wool for washing in a large back-washer with steam heated rollers. Following the washing, further gill boxes produced successively combed fibres, which were passed to a circular Noble combing machine.  This machine separated the fibres into long "Tops" and the short poor quality fibres. Although these machines are preserved on site, they are no longer in use today. British wool tops are purchased in, dyed into standard colours, and then up to ten strands of tops are fed into the Intersecting Gill Box (manufactured by Prince Smith and Stells in 1959).  The gill box starts the process of drawing out the fibres, and also enables new colours to be created by blending together the standard colours. The output of the gill box is termed a sliver. This particular machine has a mechanism to ensure the weight of the sliver is constant, which is important to ensure the final yarn thickness is constant.
The next process is to draw the slivers out further, and to give the fibres a small twist to strengthen the resulting slubbing such that it can be wound onto a bobbin. At Coldharbour Mill, this is demonstrated on a Price Smith and Stells draw box of 1959. The bobbins from this machine are then placed in a further draw box by Prince Smith and Stells, this time an 1898 machine, and the thread from a pair of bobbins is drawn out to a seventh of its diameter, and given a light twist. If this output is to be used for Aran yarn production, it is termed a roving, and is sent on to the spinning frame. However, if the slubbing is for double knitting yarn, the slubbing must go through another reduction on a draw box.

The museum today

The museum is owned and run by a not-for-profit charitable trust, Registered Charity No. 1123386. It has a number of educational programmes for schools including Victorian Drama; Materials & Fibres; and Britain at War.

The mill is home to a number of other exhibits:
 A World War II exhibit
 Extensive displays on puttee manufacturing
 The West Country Historic Omnibus & Transport Trust archive
 Visiting exhibitions

References

External links
 Coldharbour Mill Museum website

Industrial buildings completed in 1799
Textile mills completed in the 18th century
Local museums in Devon
Museums in Devon
Industry museums in England
Steam museums in England
Textile museums in the United Kingdom
Grade II* listed buildings in Devon
Grade II* listed industrial buildings
Grade II* listed watermills
Grade II* listed museum buildings
Preserved beam engines
Industrial Revolution
Preserved stationary steam engines
Watermills in Devon
Industrial buildings in England
Spinning
Museums established in 1981
Industrial archaeological sites in Devon
Woollen mills
Wool organizations


title: Mangalagiri railway station

text:
Mangalagiri railway station (station code: MAG), is a D-category station in Guntur railway division of Indian Railways. It provides rail connectivity to Mangalagiri which is the part of Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation and is situated on Guntur–Krishna Canal section of South Central Railway zone. It was awarded as tourist friendly station by Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation.

History
Between 1893 and 1896,  of the East Coast State Railway, between Vijayawada and  was opened for traffic. The southern part of the West Coast State Railway (from Waltair to Vijayawada) was taken over by Madras Railway in 1901.

See also
 List of railway stations in India

References

Railway stations in Guntur district
Railway stations in Guntur railway division


title: Richard N. Berry

text:
Richard Nathaniel Berry (November 4, 1915 – January 31, 2018) was an American politician from Maine. Berry, a Republican, served in the Maine Legislature from 1960 to 1976. He spent 6 years in the Maine House of Representatives (1960-1966) and 10 years in the Maine Senate, including 4 years as Senate Majority Leader (1970-1974). In 1974, he sought the Senate Presidency but was unable to gain enough votes from his colleagues. He represented Cape Elizabeth, Maine in the House and Cape Elizabeth, South Portland and part of Scarborough while in the Senate. Berry was married to Sylvia Lehr, who died in December 2010. He died on January 31, 2018, at the age of 102.

References

1915 births
2018 deaths
American centenarians
Majority leaders of the Maine Senate
Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Men centenarians
People from Cape Elizabeth, Maine


title: Victor Paukstelis

text:
Victor Paukstelis (Viktoras Paukštelis) (born May 25, 1983) is a Lithuanian pianist and painter.

Early life and education
Paukstelis was born in Vilnius, Lithuania. A graduate of the National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art and Balys Dvarionas Music School, he has obtained a Bachelor's, Master's and a Licentiate of Arts degree from the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theater, a Bachelor's and Master's degree from Vilnius Academy of Arts and has studied at Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris.

Professional career

Pianist
Paukstelis' repertoire includes piano music by Jean-Philippe Rameau, Domenico Scarlatti, Anatoly Lyadov, Alexander Scriabin, César Franck. He also plays music pieces composed by his brother Vytautas Paukstelis. Victor is the head judge on the judge panel of Musica Amabile young Lithuanian pianists' competitions.

Festivals and competitions
 2002: Verbier Festival, Switzerland (tutored by Gary Graffman and Boris Petrushansky).
 2002, 2003: The Music Festival of Pite Alvdal, Sweden (tutored by Jiri Hlinka).
 2003: The International Holland Music Sessions Festival, the Netherlands (tutored by Mikhail Voskresensky).
 2004: West Chester University, United States (tutored by Anthony di Bonaventura).
 2005: Yamaha Pianist Competition, Lithuania.
 2008: Accademia Internationale di Musica di Cagliari, Italy.
 2009: Albert Roussel scholarship Ecole Normale de Musique de Paris, France.
 2010: Cite des Arts de Paris scholarship, France.
 2015 March 26: A recital at Berlin Philharmonic  'Recital of Restless Paintings', Berlin, Germany.
 2015 September 27: A solo recital at Carnegie Hall 'Recital of Restless Paintings', New York City, United States.
 2016 October 27: A solo recital at Musikeverien, 'Recital of Restless Paintings'in Vienna, Austria
 2016 November 30: A solo recital at Carnegie Hall, NYC, USA.

Painter
Solo exhibitions:
 2012: Beatrice Grinceviciute Museum, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2013: Beatrice Grinceviciute Museum, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2014: Marija and Jurgis Slapeliu Museum, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2016: Pylimo gallery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2016: The Niagara Pumphouse Arts Centre, Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON, Canada.
 2017: exhibition "Eclipse" at "Music gallery", Vilnius, Lithuania.
2017: exhibition “Belvedere”, in gallery "Meno forma“, Kaunas.
 2018: exhibition "Vanishing Portraits" at gallery "Akademija", Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2018: exhibition "I Cannot Remember Her Name" at gallery "Kunstkamera", Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2019: exhibition "Cultural Landscapes" at I. Kant public library, department of art, Klaipėda, Lithuania.
 2019: exhibition "The Dream of an Ornithologist" at gallery “Baroti“, Klaipėda, Lithuania.
2019: exhibition „House of Jäger“ at gallery "Kunstkamera", Vilnius, Lithuania.
2020: exhibition "The Dream of an Ornithologist" at Town Hall, Vilnius, Lithuania.
2020: exhibition „Zealand” at Arka Gallery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
2021: exhibition "Gambit" at Klaipeda Culture Communication Center, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
2022: exhibition "Dehermetization" at Lukiškės Prison 2.0, Vilnius, Lithuania.
2022: exhibition "Forbidden Landscape" at The Samogitian Art Museum, Mykolas Oginskis Palace, Plungė, Lithuania.
2023: exhibition "Viktoras Paukštelis. Chromatica. Painting (2020–2023)" at M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum Of Art, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Combined exhibitions:
 2011:  with Tomas Kiauka at I. Simonaityte Public Library, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
 2012:  with Tomas Kiauka at the Lithuanian Artists' Association, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2014:  with Tomas Kiaukia at Kedainiai Polycultural Centre, Kedainiai, Lithuania.
 2019:  with Sigita Maslauskaite at gallery "Kunstkamera", Vilnius, Lithuania.
Selected group exhibitions:
 2013: Donelaitis 2013, Arka Gallery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2013: The Anatomy of the 21st Century, Arka Gallery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2016: exhibition „WUNDERKAMERAden“ in gallery "Meno forma“, Kaunas.
 2017: exhibition „Khôra“ at Academy of Fine Arts in Gdansk, Poland.
 2018: Art Fair "ArtVilnius'18", Lithuania.
 2019: exhibition "Carnival" at Pamenkalnis gallery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
 2019: exhibition "Recommendation" at Klaipeda Culture Communication Center, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
2021: "Biennale Européenne des Blancs Manteaux", „La Halle des Blancs Manteaux“, Paris, FR
Paukstelis presented his animated painting project “Restless Paintings” in Austria , Germany, USA, and Sweden.

Discography
 2013: 'Bach Liszt Debussy Victor Paukstelis' (Baltic Optical Disc)
 2014: 'Bach Lyadov Scriabin Piano Music' (Sheva Collection)
2015: 'Rameau Schumann Franck'(Sheva Collection)
2020: 'Mozart, Beethoven, Pärt, Chopin' (Sheva Collection)

References

External links
 www.victorpaukstelis.com
 www.musicperformers.lt

Lithuanian pianists
Living people
1983 births
21st-century pianists


title: William Hastings Alexander

text:
William Hastings Alexander ( – 22 February 1876) was a Hong Kong judiciary officer and acted in many positions including Colonial Secretary, Colonial Treasurer, member of the Legislative Council and Executive Council.

Career
W. H. Alexander went to Hong Kong in 1845 as a clerk of the Supreme Court. He was appointed deputy-registrar in 1850 and subsequently registrar of the Court in 1856.

He acted as Chief Magistrate in 1860 and acted as Colonial Secretary from 1861 to February 1864 and again from 15 March 1865 to 11 March 1866. He also acted as Colonial Treasurer from 14 December 1867 to December 1868. In 1872, he was appointed to the Legislative Council as an unofficial member and to the Executive Council in 1875.

Personal life
Alexander married Caroline Theophila Cole, the second daughter of John William Cole, on 19 July 1858.

Alexander died on 22 February 1876 at Chefoo.

References

1820s births
1876 deaths
British expatriates in China
British expatriates in Hong Kong
Government officials of Hong Kong
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Year of birth missing
British Hong Kong judges


title: Hadi Mohammadi

text:
Hadi Mohammadi (born 8 March 1991) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a centre back for Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor.

Club career

Early years
He started his career with Aria Tehran youth levels. Later he joined Saba Qom and Sanat Naft youth academies.

Damash
He joined Damash in summer 2011. He made his debut for Damash on September 15, 2012.

Zob Ahan
After relegation of Damash to Azadegan League, Mohammadi joined Zob Ahan for a fee around 3.5 Billion Rials. He signed a two-year contract with the club and made his debut for it in the first week against Saba Qom.

Club career statistics

International

U–22
He was invited to Iran U–22 squad to compete 2013 AFC U-22 Championship by Alireza Mansourian.

Honours
Zob Ahan
Hazfi Cup: 2014–15, 2015–16

References

External links
 Hadi Mohammadi  at PersianLeague.com

1991 births
Living people
S.C. Damash Gilan players
Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players
Iranian men's footballers
Iran men's under-20 international footballers
Tractor S.C. players
People from Mahallat
Men's association football central defenders


title: Saeed Saleh

text:
Saeed Saleh also credited as Sa'eed Saleh Ibrahim; () (July 31, 1940 – August 1, 2014) was an Egyptian comedian actor.

Biography
Saleh earned his bachelor of arts degree from Cairo University in 1960. He is most famous for his theatre roles in Al Ayal Kibrit and Madrast Al-Mushaghebeen along as acting in almost one third of the Egyptian movies making him the most actor to act in films in the world. In 1974, he acted with Salah Zulfikar in In Summer We Must Love.

He was imprisoned in November 1995 for one year, due to his possession of drugs. In 2010, he acted with Adel Emam in Alzheimer's film, while suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

He died in 2014 and was buried in his hometown, Majiria, Monufia Governorate.

Filmography
 Qasr El Shouq (1966)
 Witch (1971) – TV short
 In Summer We Must Love (1974)
 Dunya (1974)
 The Bullet is Still in My Pocket (1974)
 Shouq (1976)
 Laiali Yasmeen (1978)
 Al Mashbouh (1981)
 Ala Bab El Wazeer (1982)
 Gabroat Imraa (1984)
 Nos arnab (1985)
 Ibn Tahya Azouz (1986)
 Salam Ya Sahby (1987)
 Fatwat EL Salakhana (1989)
 El Sa'ayda Gom (1989)
 Almshaghebon Fe Noabae (1992)
 El Lee'b A'la El Makshouf (1993)
 Al-Suqout Fi Bir Sabe (1994)
 Belia We Demagho El Aliaa (2000)
 Ameer Al-Zalaam (2002)
 Zahaimar (2010)
 Metaab wa Shadya (2012)

Plays
 Ka'abaloon (1985)
Madrast Al-Mushaghebeen (1973)
Al Ayal Kibrit (1979)
Hallo Shalabi (1969)

TV series

 Ahlam Alfata Altaaer (1978)
 Bel Alwan ElTabeaya (2009)
 9 Gameat El Dowal (2012)
 Al Morafa'a (2014)

See also
 List of Egyptians

References

External links

 Said Saleh at ElCinema.com (Arabic)

1940 births
2014 deaths
Egyptian male film actors
Egyptian comedians
Cairo University alumni
People from Monufia Governorate
African comedians


title: Ray Birmingham

text:
Raymond Joseph Birmingham Jr. (born November 14, 1955) is an American former college baseball coach. He was a baseball coach at the high school, junior college, and four-year college levels from 1978 to 1983 and 1988 to 2021, starting at Mayfield High School in Las Cruces, New Mexico from 1978 to 1983, then the College of the Southwest from 1988 to 1989, New Mexico Junior College from 1990 to 2007, and finally the New Mexico Lobos from 2008 to 2021.   Upon retirement in 2021, Birmingham finished as the winningest baseball coach in New Mexico history and the winningest coach in Mountain West Conference history.

Birmingham has over 1,200 cumulative career wins as a head coach. He was the 2005 NJCAA Coach of the Year and is a member of the NJCAA Baseball Coaches Hall of Fame, NM Sports Hall of Fame, Lea County Hall of Fame, WJCAC Hall of Fame and the UNM Hall of Honor.  Birmingham won 8 WJCAC coach of the year awards at NMJC. At the University of New Mexico, Birmingham was a three-time Mountain West Conference Coach of the Year and won seven Mountain West championships.  Every program he coached was ranked in the top 25 teams in the country.

Birmingham was an assistant basketball coach at NMJC (1983-87) when the Thunderbirds won their first  conference championship.

Coaching career

College of the Southwest
Birmingham's college baseball coaching career began in the late 1980s, when he was the head coach at NAIA school College of the Southwest and its new baseball program from 1988 to 1989. There, he had a 53–73 overall record. In 1989, the Mustangs reached No. 23 in the NAIA national rankings, won 33 games and advanced to the regional finals before losing to Dallas Baptist.

New Mexico JC

Birmingham first worked at New Mexico Junior College (NMJC) from 1983 to 1987 as assistant basketball coach and public relations officer for the college.

From 1990 to 2007, Birmingham was the first head baseball coach at NMJC. He had an overall record of 765–255–2. The program reached two NJCAA World Series during his tenure, winning a national championship in 2005 and finishing second in 2007. He won several Coach of the Year awards: NJCAA Division I in 2005, NJCAA Division I Region 5 in 2005 and 2007, and WJCAC in 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007.

Birmingham led NMJC to 17 straight winning seasons, and the Thunderbirds were a gaudy 378–88–2 (.805) from 2000 to 2007. Under his leadership, NMJC had six players lead nationally in hitting and six teams that hit over .400, including the 2007 team that hit .416. The 2001 Thunderbirds hold the all-time NJCAA team batting avg. of .438.  The 2005 NMJC national championship team hit .411 during the regular season and .400 in postseason play. In 1998, NMJC led the country in home runs with 122. In 2008, NMJC named its baseball field after Birmingham.

Several of Birmingham's later played in Major League Baseball, including Brendan Donnelly, Armando Almanza, Jose Flores, Mike Vento, and David Carpenter.

In 2011, Birmingham was elected to the NJCAA Baseball Coaches Hall of Fame.

New Mexico
Ahead of the 2008 season, Birmingham got his first Division I job when he replaced Rich Alday at New Mexico.

New Mexico had 30-win seasons in 2008 and 2009 and reached its first NCAA tournament under Birmingham in 2010, when the team went 38–22 and finished second in the Mountain West. The Lobos defeated Stanford in the opening game of the Fullerton Regional, then lost consecutive games to Minnesota and Cal State Fullerton. New Mexico returned to the NCAA tournament in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016, winning the MWC Tournament in 2011, 2012 and 2016. Birmingham's Lobos won 7 different championships in 14 years at UNM.
Birmingham was named the Mountain West Coach of the Year three times (2012, 2013, 2017). During the 2013 season Birmingham earned the 1,000th win of his career when the Lobos defeated the Air Force Falcons 19–5.

Known as one of the top hitting coaches in the nation, Birmingham has led the Lobos to seven top-10 national finishes in batting average in 10 seasons at UNM, including an NCAA-best .334 in 2013 and .363 in 2009. He also coached Justin Howard to an NCAA-leading .456 average in 2010 and D.J. Peterson to a .520 on-base percentage in 2012. In 2013 in addition to leading the nation in batting, UNM also ranked first in scoring (8.3 runs per game), on-base percentage (.422), hits (724), slugging (.504) and doubles per game (2.53). In 2016 the Lobos finished 12th in the nation in hitting (.316) and led the country in doubles (150) while also finishing in the top 10 in slugging (.492 – fifth) and on-base percentage (.410 – sixth).

In the summer of 2014, Birmingham served as hitting coach for USA Baseball's Collegiate National Team.

Between 2008 and 2017, New Mexico has had 32 MLB Draft selections, including future major leaguer Bobby LaFromboise in 2008 and MLB's Silver Slugger award-winning catcher Mitch Garver in 2013. The program's highest selection was D. J. Peterson, the 12th overall pick of the first round in 2013. In all, seven Lobos were chosen in the 2013 draft.

On April 18, 2021, Birmingham announced that he would retire after the season. He retired with a cumulative 432–341–8 record, the most wins in program history.

Head coaching record

Junior college
Below is a table of Birmingham's head coaching record at the junior college level.

College
Below is a table of Birmingham's head coaching record at the four-year college level.

References

External links
 June 2014 Interview at Youtube.com

Living people
1955 births
Hobbs High School alumni
New Mexico State University alumni
New Mexico Lobos baseball coaches
High school baseball coaches in the United States
NMJC Thunderbirds baseball coaches


title: Rectified truncated dodecahedron

text:
In geometry, the rectified truncated dodecahedron is a convex polyhedron, constructed as a rectified, truncated dodecahedron. It has 92 faces: 20 equilateral triangles, 60 isosceles triangles, and 12 decagons.

Topologically, the triangles corresponding to the dodecahedrons's vertices are always equilateral, although the decagons, while having equal edge lengths, do not have the same edge lengths with the equilateral triangles, having different but alternating angles, causing the other triangles to be isosceles instead.

Related polyhedra
The rectified truncated dodecahedron can be seen in sequence of rectification and truncation operations from the dodecahedron. Further truncation, and alternation operations creates two more polyhedra:

See also
 Rectified truncated tetrahedron
 Rectified truncated octahedron
 Rectified truncated cube
 Rectified truncated icosahedron

References

 Coxeter Regular Polytopes, Third edition, (1973), Dover edition,  (pp. 145–154 Chapter 8: Truncation)
 John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008,

External links
 George Hart's Conway interpreter: generates polyhedra in VRML, taking Conway notation as input

Polyhedra


title: Wong Tai Sin Temple

text:
Wong Tai Sin Temple may refer to:

 Wong Tai Sin Temple (Hong Kong), a shrine and tourist attraction in Hong Kong
 Wong Tai Sin Temple (Guangzhou), a temple in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
 Wong Dai Sin Temple (Markham), a Taoist temple in Ontario, Canada


title: Mokronoge

text:
Mokronoge may refer to the following places in Bosnia and Herzegovina :

 Mokronoge, Tomislavgrad
 Mokronoge, Drvar

See also

 Mokronoge massacre
 Mokronog


title: Rectified truncated cube

text:
In geometry, the rectified truncated cube is a polyhedron, constructed as a rectified, truncated cube. It has 38 faces: 8 equilateral triangles, 24 isosceles triangles, and 6 octagons.

Topologically, the triangles corresponding to the cube's vertices are always equilateral, although the octagons, while having equal edge lengths, do not have the same edge lengths with the equilateral triangles, having different but alternating angles, causing the other triangles to be isosceles instead.

Related polyhedra
The rectified truncated cube can be seen in sequence of rectification and truncation operations from the cube. Further truncation, and alternation operations creates two more polyhedra:

See also
 Rectified truncated tetrahedron
 Rectified truncated octahedron
 Rectified truncated dodecahedron
 Rectified truncated icosahedron

References

 Coxeter Regular Polytopes, Third edition, (1973), Dover edition,  (pp. 145–154 Chapter 8: Truncation)
 John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008,

External links
 George Hart's Conway interpreter: generates polyhedra in VRML, taking Conway notation as input

Polyhedra


title: Golden Helmet Award

text:
The Golden Helmet Award is awarded annually to best six players of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL): 1 goaltender, 2 defenders and 3 forwards.

Winners
Key

References

Kontinental Hockey League trophies and awards


title: Rectified truncated tetrahedron

text:
In geometry, the rectified truncated tetrahedron is a polyhedron, constructed as a rectified, truncated tetrahedron. It has 20 faces: 4 equilateral triangles, 12 isosceles triangles, and 4 regular hexagons.

Topologically, the triangles corresponding to the tetrahedron's vertices are always equilateral, although the hexagons, while having equal edge lengths, do not have the same edge lengths with the equilateral triangles, having different but alternating angles, causing the other triangles to be isosceles instead.

Related polyhedra
The rectified truncated tetrahedron can be seen in sequence of rectification and truncation operations from the tetrahedron. Further truncation, and alternation operations creates two more polyhedra:

See also
 Rectified truncated cube
 Rectified truncated octahedron
 Rectified truncated dodecahedron
 Rectified truncated icosahedron

References

 Coxeter Regular Polytopes, Third edition, (1973), Dover edition,  (pp. 145–154 Chapter 8: Truncation)
 John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008,

External links
 George Hart's Conway interpreter: generates polyhedra in VRML, taking Conway notation as input

Polyhedra


title: Mimachlamys

text:
Mimachlamys is a genus of scallops, marine bivalve molluscs in the taxonomic family Pectinidae. There are at least 11 living species, including the glory scallop Mimachlamys gloriosa, and the  Mimachlamys asperrima.

Shell description
In this genus, the valves are both convex, though the left valve is more convex than the right.  The auricles, ear-like projections on either side of the hinge, are inequal in size, with the anterior always being much larger than the posterior.  The byssal notch is deep, and the valves are generally similar in sculpture.

Distribution and habitat
The habitat for this genus is temperate oceans down to a depth of several hundred meters, from southern Australia to Indonesia and north to the Philippines. Some species in the genus Mimachlamys retain their byssal threads through adulthood, and are not free swimming.

Species
Species of Mimachlamys include:
Mimachlamys albolineata
Mimachlamys asperrima
Mimachlamys australis
Mimachlamys cloacata
Mimachlamys crassicostata
Mimachlamys gloriosa
Mimachlamys nobilis
Mimachlamys sanguinea
Mimachlamys senatoria
Mimachlamys townsendi
Mimachlamys varia

References

 Lazo, D. (2007). Early Cretaceous bivalves of the Neuquén Basin, west-central Argentina: notes on taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology. Geological Journal, 42(2), pp. 127–142.

Pectinidae
Bivalve genera


title: Sāmānādhikaraṇya

text:
The Sanskrit term, Sāmānādhikaraṇyam (Sanskrit:सामानाधिकरण्यम्), generally refers to – 'identical denotation', 'common substratum' or 'unity of substratum'.

Background

In Sanskrit grammar, Sāmānādhikaraṇyam, means appositional or syntactic relationship with agreement in gender, number, etc. Its   Tibetan equivalent is gźi mthun ñid. In Hindu philosophy, it is defined as a common reference of two words in an expression each by itself applying to a different object. According to Bhartṛhari, there are two sorts of sāmānādhikaraṇya: one between meanings and the other between words; the former is characterized by the fact that one and the same substance is understood as having different aspects and the latter by the fact that one and the same substance is referred to by different words. But actually there are four kinds of Sāmānādhikaraṇya.

Four kinds of Sāmānādhikaraṇya

Sāmānādhikaraṇya is of four kinds: (i) Bādhāyam sāmānādhikaraṇyam, which relates to bhrānti or delusion arising from error of perception; it refers to the state of mind after the delusion has been removed, (ii) Adhyāse sāmānādhikaraṇyam, which applies to the common reference of the super-imposed (āropita) and the substratum (adhisthāna);  Adhyasa  is the idea of a thing in what is not that thing that may arise in some places from external defects and in others from one’s own supposition; it refers to the state of the mind during the pendency of the delusion, (iii) Viśesane sāmānādhikaraṇyam, which arises when an object designated by a common noun is particularised by qualifying the noun by an adjective as between (a) the quality and the bearer of the quality, (b) the genus and the species, and (c) the qualification and the qualified, and (d) the part and the whole, and (iv) Aikye sāmānādhikaraṇyam relates to the removal of the apparent contradiction between two individuals or things identified by two or more words used in juxtaposition indicating an identity between their references.

A sentence is a unit of words, a single and complete expression of thought; it is a means of valid knowledge in which the relation, among the meanings of words, that is the object of its intention is not contradicted by any other means of valid knowledge and signifies more than what its constituent words convey. Sentences are of two kinds – a) Vyadhikarana – in which each word of the sentence conveys a meaning that is different from others, the words have different case and different number; and b) Sāmānādhikaraṇya – in which there is application to one thing of several words having the same case of which there is a different reason, the words are shown to stand in the relation of abiding in a common substratum, a grammatical co-ordinate relation. By essential identity is meant the relation between two different things that co-exist in the same locus (sāmānādhikaraṇyam). Sāmānādhikaraṇya refers to the relation of concurrence between the meanings of two verbs.

Implication

In the context of Brahma Sutra (III.iii.9) which reads - व्याप्तेश्च समञ्जसम् | meaning – And, because of the pervasion (of all the Vedas), it is proper (to qualify  Om  by  Udgitha ), Shankara explains that the idea of Om can never be alienated from Om, nor can the idea of Udgitha from Udgitha, since these ideas are true. In the case of superimposition, the idea of something is superimposed on something else, so that the figure of speech here involves a departure; whereas in the case of the adjectival use, a word denoting a whole is made to imply a part of itself, so that the figure of speech involves a proximity; for words indicating the whole are seen   to be used with regard to the parts as well, hence it is flawless and appropriate that Om, which is common to all the  Vedas , should be qualified by the term, Udgitha, in the text.

Patanjali establishes the fact that although an action is beyond perception, it can be known through inference and that it is distinct from a substance. In the semantic structure on which the question-answer - kim karoti – pacati is based, one has to recognize the relation of concurrence (sāmānādhikaraṇyam) between the meanings of the verbs – kṛ and pac. Nagesa advises one not to take present sāmānādhikaraṇyam as a relation such that two items between which the relation obtains refer to one and the same object, that is, co-referentially. Pāṇini School avers that three elements that are not distinct from a single substance appear to the mind separately; a locus and properties that abide in the locus. According to Bhartṛhari, there are two sorts of  sāmānādhikaraṇya: one between meanings and the other between words; the former is characterized by the fact that one and the same substance is understood as having different aspects and the latter by the fact that one and the same substance is referred to by different words. In spite of the importance of the idea that a universal includes or pervades the individuals which fall within its range, Bhartṛhari, unlike Kaiyaṭa (who was influenced by Dignāga),  did not underpin his conclusion of the qualifier-qualificand  relation with this concept glossed by Vrsabhadeva.
For Dignāga the analytic content of names is not given in any language, but constructed out of experience, not because language says so but because it is so in fact and because language is a record of facts.

Philosophical significance

In Nidarśana i.e. in direction or mention or illustration, refutation of a stated argument or comparison, the relation between two objects being untenable lends scope for the idea of similarity, which means that where there is the un-tenability of the relation without expressed or implied unity of substratum (sāmānādhikaraṇyam) there alone Nidarśana is to be accepted. Aropa is sometimes verbal and sometimes is based upon sense as the sāmānādhikaraṇya itself is expressed or conveyed; in Aropa there is no mention of two different objects being spoken of as belonging to the same substratum.

Taittiriya Upanishad (II.ii.1) tells us that Viraj , the macrocosmical food is the same as annam, the microcosmical food, their identity is obvious from their occurring in the same case (sāmānādhikaraṇyam).

Vishishtadvaita’s or Ramanuja’s doctrine of several things in a common substrate, Vishishtadvaita or qualified monism or qualified non-dualism or attributive monism believes in all diversity subsuming to an underlying unity. Vedanta Desika states that Vishishtadvaita sees Ishvara (Parabrahman) as the only reality as qualified by the sentient (chit-brahman) and insentient (achit-brahman) modes or attributes. Ramanuja's Brahman is defined by a multiplicity of qualities and properties in a single monistic entity. This doctrine is called Sāmānādhikaranya (several things in a common substrate).

Shankara, accepting  svaroopa aikyam , interprets Tat Tvam Asi to mean the Jiva and Brahman are identical and there is no difference between these two and as such is the reality, Ramanuja clarifies that when two or more words denote the same object by denoting the object through each of the different qualities of the object, then those words are called - 'Equally denoting words in all aspects' or sāmānādhikaraṇya.

Sadananda in his Sadananda, advocating Advaita, explains that the mahavakya – तत्तवमसि (Tat Twam Asi) or "Thou art That", which is co-referential expression or a proposition conveying identity, by virtue of the three relations of its term – Thou art That, these three relations are Sāmānādhikaranya or relation between two words having the same substratum, viśesana-viśesyabhāva or the relation between the imports of two words qualifying each other so as to signify a common object; and laksya-laksnabhāva or the relation between two words and an identical thing implied by them or having the same locus, here, the Inner self. In the said mahavakya, the word "That" signifying Consciousness characterized by remoteness etc., and the word "Thou" signifying Consciousness characterized by immediacy etc., both refer to one and the same Consciousness, Brahman; their mutual qualification or unity does not involve a contradiction with direct perception and other means of knowledge. Sāmānādhikaranya emphasizes identity and does not come in conflict with Satkaryavada.

References

Sanskrit grammar
Sanskrit words and phrases
Rigveda
Vedanta
 Yoga concepts


title: Image Media Vision

text:
Image Media Vision (IMV) is an Indian motion picture production company based in Mumbai. The company was founded in 2012 by Entrepreneur Prem Kumar Sharma and Bollywood Director Mihir Kumar Sharma.

The first film being produced by the company is Aayaam,  Deepak Singh and Diksha Panth in the lead role playing Engineering student. Vinod Nahardih  Mastram fame will be seen in very important role. Director Goutam Ghose is contributing as Special Appearance. The filming began in April 2014, whereas the film is expected to release in 2015.

Film production

References

External links
Official Website
facebook page
IMDB

Film production companies of Delhi
Indian companies established in 2012
Mass media companies established in 2012


title: Davison Soper

text:
Davison "Dave" Eugene Soper (21 March 1943, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American theoretical physicist specializing in high energy physics.

Education and career
Soper received his bachelor's degree in 1965 from Amherst College  and his PhD in 1971 under James Bjorken from Stanford University, where he worked with John Kogut. Soper was from 1971 to 1973 an instructor and from 1973 to 1977 an assistant professor at Princeton University. He was appointed in 1977–80 an assistant professor, in 1980–83 an associate professor, and from 1983 to the present a professor at the University of Oregon, where from 2004 to 2007 he was chair of the physics department.

His doctoral dissertation on Null Plane Field Theory dealt with the theory of high energy scattering processes in the parton model. With George Sterman and John C. Collins, he proved a factorization theorem in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

Soper is a member of the "Coordinated Theoretical-Experimental Project on QCD“ (CTEQ), whose co-spokesperson he was from 2001 to 2004. He was on the editorial board of Physical Review Letters and Physical Review D.

Honors
In 2009 Soper received with R. Keith Ellis and John C. Collins the Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society.

He became a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2010. He was cited " For seminal work in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, especially proving theorems on factorization which play a crucial role in interpreting high energy particle collisions."

Selected works
 Classical Field Theory. Dover Publ., Mineola, NY 2008,  (originally published by Wiley, New York 1976).

References

External links
D.E. Soper on InSPIRE database
arXiv.org preprints for D. Soper
search on author Davison Soper from Google Scholar
Online notes from a two quarter course in quantum field theory taught by D. E. Soper

1943 births
Living people
Scientists from Milwaukee
21st-century American physicists
Theoretical physicists
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the American Physical Society
J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients
Amherst College alumni
Stanford University alumni
University of Oregon faculty


title: Islamic Center of Southern California

text:
The Islamic Center of Southern California is a mosque and Islamic cultural center located in Los Angeles, California. It is located on Vermont Avenue adjacent to the Chinese Consulate General in the Wilshire Center neighborhood of Los Angeles. It is one of the largest mosques in Southern California with thousands praying there every Friday. Although the institution dates back to 1952, the center's current mosque opened in the late 1970s.

History
The center was founded in 1952 and occupied a rented property on Fountain Avenue in the East Hollywood neighborhood of Los Angeles. When the center was established, it was the only mosque in Greater Los Angeles. It served a very small community of Muslim families and many early attendants were foreign Muslims attending local universities.

In the early 1960s, the mosque in East Hollywood was sold in favor of a property in City Terrace close to California State University, Los Angeles.

Community growth
As immigration restrictions were relaxed following the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the Muslim community around the mosque and throughout Greater Los Angeles grew. The presence of the mosque in the region attracted further attendees from places as far as South Bay and Orange County.

In 1966, Ishaa and Tarawih prayers were held for the first time.

In 1968, the property in City Terrace was sold in favor of a property in Jefferson Park. It was at this location the center established Juma prayer, Tafsir on the Quran, a weekend Islamic school program, and formalized Islamic marriage services.

In 1969, the first Eid prayer was held at the mosque.

Expansion
In 1972, Dr. Sabri El-Ferra made the announcement that the center would again begin looking for a larger property closer to downtown due to the continued growth of the Muslim community in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The center moved about  to the northeast on 434 Vermont Avenue sometime in the late 1970s, which remains the home of the center to this day.

Vandalism
In early 2000, the mosque was vandalized multiple times in what was classified as a series of hate crimes. The first attack occurred when swastikas were drawn on the front of the mosque and the second attack when a rock was thrown in the window of the front prayer area. In response to the vandalism, the police increased security at the mosque and the incidents were investigated by burglary detectives.

After the incidents public and religious officials from the Jewish community along with the California Deputy Attorney General, appeared at the mosque to condemn the vandalism as hate crime.

Interfaith Activities
Since its inception and even more recently, the Islamic Center of Southern California has worked to reach out to members of other faith groups. In 2010 the Director of religious affairs for the center attended Rosh Hashanah services at a nearby synagogue in order to increase interfaith dialogue. During the controversy over the construction of a mosque in New York City near the site of the 9/11 attacks, local religious leaders from the Jewish, Roman Catholic, and assorted Christian churches gathered with members of the Islamic Center of Southern California to give support for the construction saying that opposition to the construction "was rooted in intolerance"  Since 2001 the center, along with mosques across Southern California, has been hosting an Open Mosque day in which non-Muslims can visit the mosque for a tour and ask questions. It was created as a way to improve relations between the local Muslim community and non-Muslims and also as a way to help non-Muslims learn about Islamic culture and certain parts of ideology.

Facilities
The center also houses New Horizon School - Los Angeles with about 105 students from preschool to fifth grade. This is separate from the center's Sunday School programming.

See also
List of mosques in the United States
Muslim Public Affairs Council
Islam in the United States

References

External links

Religious buildings and structures in Los Angeles
Mosques in California
Mosques completed in 1952


title: János Simon Basketball Arena

text:
The János Simon Basketball Arena () is an indoor arena in Budapest, Hungary. Primarily used for basketball, it is the home arena of Budapesti Honvéd. Since 2012 it bears the name of former European champion basketball player János Simon, who played for and later coached Budapesti Honvéd.

References

Indoor arenas in Hungary
Basketball venues in Hungary


title: Velero Bridge

text:
Velero Bridge, also known as "El Velero", () is a bridge in Guayaquil, Ecuador. One of the prominent landmarks of the city, especially when lit up at night, it was inaugurated on July 27, 2005. It forms part of the route of the Guayaquil Marathon.

References

Bridges in Ecuador
Buildings and structures in Guayaquil
Bridges completed in 2005


title: Phumlani Mgobhozi

text:
Phumlani Mgobhozi (born 15 August 1978) is a Maskanda artist from Umkomaas, South Africa. He started his professional career as a Gospel singer in 2001. He released five gospel albums between 2002 and 2011, before being encouraged to try his hand at Maskandi.

This debut Album in Maskanda entitled Is'qomaqomane, was released in January 2014. He released his first music video for this song in May 2014. The music video was shot at Mahlongwa near Umkomaas on the KwaNatal south coast, the area of his birth.

He has been featured in Drum Magazine, where he was interviewed about his life and the road to the release of his first Maskanda Album, Is'qomaqomane.

He was signed by PM Productions in June 2008

References

External links

1978 births
Maskanda musicians
Living people


title: Gugi Waaka

text:
Hore Wiremu "Gugi" Waaka (1 August 1937 – 5 July 2014), also known as Gugi Walker, was a New Zealand musical entertainer. A guitarist and singer, he was a founding member of the Quin Tikis and the Maori Volcanics Showband.

Biography
Of Ngāti Awa and Ngāti Pūkeko descent, Waaka was born on 1 August 1937. He grew up at Poroporo, near Whakatāne.

After serving in the air force in the late 1950s, Waaka began his show business career and was a founding member of the Quin Tikis. Moving to Australia, he formed in the Polynesian Trio with his brother and sister-in-law, Nuki and Mahora Waaka, in 1961. The trio then joined with Matti Kemp, John Clarke and Hector Epae, forming the Maori Volcanics Showband in 1964. Waaka left the band after a few months following a minor disagreement with Nuki.

Waaka was a member of a number of other show bands, including the Maori Premiers and the New Zealand Impacts Showband, and formed the eponymous Gugi Walker Quartet.

Between 2002 and 2007 Waaka performed at the annual Aotearoa Māori Sports Awards, providing post-awards entertainment.

Following his death from heart problems on 5 July 2014, Waaka's body lay in state at Papakura Marae.

References

1937 births
2014 deaths
Ngāti Awa people
People from Whakatāne
20th-century New Zealand male singers
New Zealand guitarists
New Zealand male guitarists
New Zealand expatriates in Australia


title: Kausar Nag

text:
Kausar Nag or Kausarnag (sometimes alternatively spelled as Konsarnag), is a high-altitude oligotrophic lake located at an elevation of  above sea level. Kausar Nag is located in the Pir Panjal mountain range in Kulgam district  of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lake is roughly  long and  at the widest point. The lake is the primary source of the Veshaw River, a tributary of Jhelum. This lake is considered sacred in Hinduism.

Legends
According to the Nilamata Purana, after the great flood, the boat of Manu that carried the Vedas and the Saptarishi was stuck in the mountains above the lake. According to another belief, the lake was created by Vishnu by stamping with his foot, and thus it is also referred to as Vishnu Pad. Sultan Zain ul Abedin is said to have visited the lake, as a symbolic gesture to persuade the exiled Hindus of Kashmir to return. Visits to the lake by Hindus for ablution were also recorded in the late 1830s.

Yatra
There are two routes traditionally used for Hindu pilgrimages (called yatra) to the lake, one through Kulgam in the Kashmir Valley and the other via Reasi in the Jammu region. The Kashmir Valley route, used by Kashmiri Pandits, was abandoned during the 1990s militancy in the region. Plans to revive this route in 2014 failed after stiff opposition and protests from separatists. The Reasi route continues to be used for the pilgrimage.

Access
The Kausar Nag Lake is accessible during the summer and can be reached from its trail-head Aharbal, by a 36 km hiking trail. Aharbal is connected with Srinagar, a 70 km motorable road passing through the towns of Shopian and Pulwama. The lake can also be reached through a tougher alternate trail from the south, primarily used by pilgrims.

See also
 Chiranbal
Aharbal
Mughal Road
Gangabal
Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary
Kulgam district

References

Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir
Kulgam district


title: Typhoon Halong (2014)

text:
Typhoon Halong, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Jose, was an intense Typhoon in the Western Pacific basin in August 2014. It was the twelfth named storm and the fifth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. The storm reached its maximum intensity as a Category 5 super typhoon, making it the fifth strongest storm of the season, surpassed by Genevieve, Vongfong, Nuri and Hagupit.

Meteorological history

On July 26, JMA monitored a low-pressure area near Chuuk. The system stalled for a few days and was upgraded into a tropical depression on July 27. Early on July 29, the depression showed signs of intensification and with that, JTWC upgraded it to Tropical Storm 11W. Later that day, JMA upgraded 11W to Tropical Storm Halong. In the same time Halong started developing a small, unclear eye. With this, gale and typhoon force winds were reported over Guam.

Very late on July 30, JMA upgraded Halong to a severe tropical storm. The next day, both agencies upgraded it to a minimal typhoon. In the same time, Halong started its rapid deepening phase. On August 2, Halong's eye developed clearer than before as the system underwent explosive intensification from a category 1 typhoon to a Category 3 in less than 24 hours. Rapid deepening continued and it eventually became a category 5 super typhoon, with pressure dropping from 980 to 925 mbar in 48 hours. However, late that day, JMA revised Typhoon Halong's minimum pressure to 920 mbar. On August 4, Halong weakened to a category 4 typhoon, due to it undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle. The next day, Halong weakened to a minimal typhoon, although it was a deep typhoon due to its pressure. In the same day, its convection was steadily weakening.

On August 6, NASA reported that Halong was beginning undergo an eyewall replacement cycle. This made the JTWC upgrade it to a category 2 typhoon again. Its eye continued to undergo the eyewall replacement cycle until August 8. On the same day, Halong weakened to a category 1 typhoon and started to affect mainland Japan. The JTWC downgraded Halong to a tropical storm on August 9, while the JMA followed suit several hours later. Halong made landfall over the southern part of Japan prior to August 10. On August 10, JTWC issued their final bulletin on Halong, as it was leaving the country. The JMA also issued their final advisory on August 11, as it was becoming extratropical. Its remnants dissipated early on August 15 over Siberia, as it was absorbed by a developing extratropical system.

Preparations and impact

Philippines
In Subic, Zambales, 4 rescue boats were ready in case of flash floods. The Subic Public Order and Safety Office had also prepared rescue equipment for possible flooding.

Typhoon Halong was known in the Philippines as Typhoon Jose. On August 4, the NDRRMC warned residents of flood and landslide-prone areas in Luzon, to take precautions as Typhoon Halong would enhance the southwest monsoon. PAGASA also issued a gale warning in Luzon.

On August 7, 2 people were reported missing in Pangasinan, due to the enhanced monsoonal rains from Jose. They were reported dead on the next day. A total of nearly 16,000 people were affected by the enhanced monsoon. NDRRMC said that a total of ₱1.62 million (US$37,000) were from agricultural damages from the same province alone.

Although it did not made landfall in the Philippines, the name Jose was retired from its naming lists as it caused about P1.6 billion (US$36.3 million) in damage. PAGASA chose the name Josie to replace Jose.

Japan

The eye of Halong was located east of Daitō Islands on August 7, bringing typhoon-force winds over the islands. Later that day, the storm passed within  over an island. Early on August 9, Halong underwent a deep eyewall replacement cycle, just before landfall over mainland Japan. Later that day, it was reported that a 78-year-old man died in Iwate Prefecture due to heavy flooding. In the early-morning of August 10, Halong made landfall over Shikoku as a minimal typhoon, just before being downgraded as a severe tropical storm by the JMA. About 1.6 million people in Japan had to evacuate during the storm. In total, the storm is responsible for 10 deaths and 96 injuries. Agricultural damage in Okinawa, Kochi and Wakayama were calculated at around ¥3.72 billion (US$36.5 million).

See also

Other tropical cyclones named Halong
Other tropical cyclones named Jose
Typhoon Neoguri (2014)
Typhoon Roke (2011)
Typhoon Nangka (2015)
Typhoon Tokage (2004)
Typhoon Wipha (2013)
Typhoon Maemi

References

External links

JMA General Information of Typhoon Halong (1411) from Digital Typhoon

11W.HALONG from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

2014 Pacific typhoon season
2014 disasters in the Philippines
Typhoons in the Philippines
Typhoons in Japan
Typhoons in Russia
Halong
2014 disasters in Russia
Halong


title: 2014–15 Danish Cup

text:
The 2014–15 Danish Cup was the 61st season of the Danish Cup competition. It was the fourth season since its rebranding as the DBU Pokalen (The DBU Cup). The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.

First round
98 teams were drawn into this round. Matches were played on 2, 12, 13 and 19 August 2014.

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|2 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|12 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|13 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|19 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|20 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|27 August 2014

|}

Second round
56 teams were drawn into this round. Matches were played on 27 August, 10, 16, 23, 24 and 30 September 2014.

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|27 August 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|10 September 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|16 September 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|23 September 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|24 September 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|30 September 2014

|}

Third round
32 teams were drawn into this round. Matches were played on 28 and 29 October 2014.

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|28 October 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|29 October 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|30 October 2014

|}

Fourth round
16 teams were drawn into this round. Matches were played on 16, 19, 26 and 29 November, 1, 3 and 4 December 2014.

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|16 November 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|19 November 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|26 November 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|29 November 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|1 December 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|3 December 2014

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|4 December 2014

|}

Quarter-finals

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|4 March 2015

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|4 March 2015

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|5 March 2015

|-
| colspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"|5 March 2015

|}

Semi-finals
The sixth round, the semi-finals, are played as a two-legged tie. The legs were played on 15, 16, 29 and 30 April 2015.

|}

Final

References

External links

Danish Cup seasons
2014–15 European domestic association football cups
Cup


title: Phil Boulton

text:
Philip Boulton (born 14 December 1986) is a retired English rugby union player who played for Championship side, Coventry RFC as a tighthead prop. His former clubs include Rotherham Titans, Leicester Tigers, Nuneaton RFC and Bedford Blues. He has also represented the England Counties XV side.

Early life
Boulton was born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire and grew up in a small village. He didn't begin to play rugby until he was in secondary school at De Aston School in Market Rasen. He had initially tried his hand at playing football. He began playing for Lincoln RFC in 1998 and progressed through the age groups before leaving in 2003, when, after leaving secondary school at the age of 16, he was offered a rugby scholarship at Worksop College.

Career
At the age of 18, Boulton began training with Rotherham Titans and later progressed to play for the club before being invited to join the academy setup at Leicester Tigers under the stewardship of Richard Cockerill. After signing a two-year scholarship deal he was loaned out to Nuneaton RFC before returning to Rotherham Titans the season after. He eventually left Leicester after failing to make the first team and moved on to the Bedford Blues on a permanent deal. In 2008, Boulton played for the England Counties XV against the United States Eagles.

Boulton captained Coventry RFC to win the National League 1 in 2017–18.

Personal life

Boulton was a Leicester Tigers fan as a youngster.

References

1986 births
Living people
Rugby union props
Leicester Tigers players
Rotherham Titans players
Nuneaton R.F.C. players
Bedford Blues players
People educated at De Aston School


title: Vandna Gupta

text:
Vandna Gupta (born 17 December 1994) is an Indian weightlifter who  placed fourth in the women's 63 kg weight class at the 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow.
Vandana Gupta is from Lucknow and married Sandeep Tomar on 28 February 2017.

References

External links

Living people
1994 births
Indian female weightlifters
Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh
Sportspeople from Lucknow
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Weightlifters from Uttar Pradesh
Weightlifters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for India


title: National Unity Bridge

text:
The National Unity Bridge (Puente de la Unidad Nacional) is a bridge complex in northeastern Guayaquil, Ecuador with a length of .  The National Unity Bridge crosses the Daule River and Babahoyo River, which combine to form the Guayas River immediately downstream.  The bridge complex consists of four individual bridges: two parallel bridges across the Daule River (the Rafael Mendoza Avilés Bridge and the Carlos Pérez Peraso Bridge) and two parallel bridges across the Babahoyo River, along with a road in , Samborondón that links each set of bridges.  The bridge connects the city of Guayaquil with Durán to its east, and by extension to the highland part of Ecuador.  Construction of the National Unity Bridge commenced on 23 March 1967, and the bridge was inaugurated on 9 October 1970.

References

Bridges in Ecuador
Buildings and structures in Guayaquil
Bridges completed in 1970


title: René Andring

text:
René Andring (born 11 September 1939) is a former Luxembourgian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Luxembourgian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Luxembourg
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
People from Luxembourg (canton)


title: Marion Parris Smith

text:
Marion Parris Smith (1879–1964) was a professor of economics at Bryn Mawr College.

Biography
She was born as Marion Parris on 22 May 1879 in Manhattan to Edward Lowden Parris (1837–1921) and Mary Ida Dubois (1850–1936)

She married William Roy Smith (1876–1938) on 11 June 1912 in Manhattan, New York.

In 1936 she was named to the Pennsylvania Education Board by George Howard Earle III.

Works
 Millinery as a Trade for Women. With Lorinda Perry (1916)
 Chinese Optimism: A nature-philosophy that led to faith in human goodness and inspired serene art. (1924)
 What constitutes a liberal democracy? (1925)
 A Democratic Program: Address before the Democratic Women's Luncheon Club of Philadelphia. (1926)
 Recent Economic Heresies: Address before the Executive Committee of the Democratic Women's Luncheon Club of Philadelphia. (1935)

References

1879 births
1964 deaths
Bryn Mawr College faculty
20th-century American economists
American women economists
Economists from New York (state)
20th-century American women
People from Manhattan


title: Victor Vincente of America

text:
Victor Vincente of America also known as VVA, born as Michael Beckwith Hiltner (born March 7, 1941), is an American author, poet, designer, and cyclist credited with being a creator of the :mountain bike.

Athlete

Road racing
Victor began riding and racing with the Santa Monica Cycling Club on a road bike at the age of 16 in Santa Monica, California. He entered his first competition on the Fourth of July, 1957, under his birth name of Michael Beckwith Hiltner. He was first Junior (under 17 years of age) to reach the finish line at the 50-mile southern California road racing championships at the end of that summer, with only one rider, Bob Teztlaff, a Senior, ahead of him. The momentum continued to build as he eventually made it to the 1959 Tour du St-Laurent in Canada where he won four of the ten stages and the general classification (GC). This set the stage for Victor’s international recognition.

From this auspicious beginning he went on to an eleven-year cycling career. Highlights include a national road cycling championships title, four California titles, a North America hillclimb championship title, berths on two USA Olympics teams, two Pan American Games teams, and victories in Italy. At the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, Brazil, he met Neide Marchena, a Brazilian telephone operator. Although they did not speak each other's language, they became engaged the same year, and married shortly after that.

Victor was inducted into the Modern 1945-1975 Competitor category of the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame in 2001.

Double-transcontinental record and the VVA name
In 1974, Victor established the double-transcontinental record by cycling from Santa Monica, California to Atlantic City, New Jersey, and back to Santa Monica, covering the distance in 36 days, 8hours. This achievement prompted him to change his name, and so he adopted the title Victor Vincente of America, two ways of saying "winning."

Mountain biking
During a recreational ride one day in 1978, descending a residential canyon road into the San Fernando Valley, in southern California, the pavement unexpectedly ended and Victor found himself riding down a dirt road. A sharp rock blew his front tire within a mile, and it was this upset that led to his independent development of bicycles suited for dirt roads and trails.

In 1980, Victor established the Reseda to the Sea event which still carries on today, the most recent edition being on March 9, 2019. He also promoted Puerco!, Mt. Wilson hillclimb and downhill, Sespe Hot Springs Two-Stage, and two supported tours: Pirú-Cuyamá Overland, and Haute Route. Victor was inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in 1989.

Designer

Victor has created a multi-faceted body of work, ranging from coins to electronic jewelry, mountain bikes, human-powered vehicles, garments, posters, and graphic art.

Mountain bikes
His bicycle building years were from 1979 to 1991. In conjunction with Victor’s love of cycling, he designed various models of mountain bikes, beginning with 'Topanga!' in 1979 which featured 20” wheels with 1X7 gearing, followed by Palisadian in 1981 (24” wheels), VVA-26 Semi-Custom Dirt Road Bicycle in 1982 (26” wheels), Colt 20/20 in 1982 (20” wheels, a hillclimb-specific bicycle), and 1991 in 1991 (26” wheels).

Human-powered vehicles
Lured by the possibility of becoming the world's fastest human, Victor designed two machines. The first of these, Tachy Taxi (from Greek: "speed," and "travel"), he entered in the First International Human-Powered Vehicle Championships in 1975, where his crash into spectators ended his bid for glory. Later, in 1979, Tachy Taxi Two, which he designed to run on rails in order to eliminate all steering problems, crashed into the cameraman who was standing over the rails at the finish line, using a telephoto lens.

Author

The First Thing To Go (2018), a memoir
Water Before Tea (2016), an autobiography
Beyond 1991: A Dirt Road Rider's Trek Epic, and Other Dreams (1998)
1991: Selected Verses (and Art) of Victor Vincente Of America (1979)
Coloring Book (1978)

Major results

Road racing

1957
 1st Southern California junior road championship

1958
 1st Tijuana - Tecate, Mexico
 2nd Southern California road championship
 1st All-California road championship

1959
 1st Tour du St-Laurent, Canada
 Member Pan American team, Chicago
 2nd Southern California road championship

1960
 1st Bouquet Canyon B.A.R.
 1st Tour of Somerville, New Jersey
 1st Olympic trials 100-kilometer time trial, teamed with Lars Zebroski
 11th Olympic Games, Rome, Italy, 100-kilometer team time trial

1961
 1st Circuito di Monsummano, Italy
 1st Quarrata, Italy
 1st San Casciano, Italy
 1st Calcinaia, Italy
 World Championship competitor, Bern, Switzerland

1962
 2nd Quebec - Montreal, Canada

1963
 1st Santa Monica Cycling Club 10-mile time trial championship, Malibu
 1st Santa Monica Cycling Club championship (clean sweep): road, sprint, and cyclocross
 2nd Pan American Games, São Paulo, Brazil, road race team placing

1964
 Member Olympic team, Tokyo, Japan
 1st Southern California road championship
 1st Santa Monica Cycling Club hillclimb championship, Piuma Canyon

1965
 1st Southern California road championship
 1st National Championship, Los Angeles, California
 1st North America hillclimb championship, Mt. Evans, Colorado
 World Championship competitor, San Sebastian, Spain

1966
 3rd Münster city track championship, Germany
 1st Circuito di Salsomaggiore, Italy
 1st Oltrarno, Italy
 World championship competitor at The Nürburgring, Nürburg, Germany

1967
 2nd São Caetano, Brazil

Mountain biking
1980
 1st Mt. Wilson hillclimb
 1st Sespe Hot Springs Two-Stage

1984
 1st Brian Skinner Widowmaker

1986
 1st Mt. Baldy (Mt. San Antonio) hillclimb

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
American male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Olympic cyclists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Cyclists from Los Angeles
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games


title: Richard Welton

text:
Richard Welton (1671/1672 – 22 July 1726) was an English Anglican non-juror.

Welton was born in Framlingham, Suffolk. His father was Thomas Welton, a druggist from Woodbridge, Suffolk. Welton was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he successively graduated BA in 1692, MA in 1695 and DD in 1708. He married Temperance Goodwyn and they had a son, Richard, who was baptised in 1708.

Being ordained in 1695, Welton was rector of St Mary's, Whitechapel, from 1697 to 1715. In 1714 Welton conceived of a plan to place in the church an altarpiece depicting the Last Supper, with a Whig clergyman as Judas. The painter, James Fellowes, was instructed to portray Bishop Burnet in the semblance of Judas, but, fearing the consequences, he obtained permission to substitute Dean White Kennett with the words "The Dean the Traitor" underneath. The apostle John, depicted as a mere boy, was considered singularly like Prince James Edward, and Christ himself was identified by some with Henry Sacheverell. The altarpiece aroused a great controversy and Welton was attacked in the Whig press. The Chancellor of the diocese viewed it and on 26 April 1714 ordered it to be removed.

Upon the death of the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, he refused to take the oath of allegiance to the new Hanoverian king George I in October 1714. He was therefore deprived of his offices on 3 March 1715. Thereafter, he led a nonjuring congregation in Whitehall before the government raided his chapel in 1717 and requested that those assembled take the oath of abjuring the Pretender. Welton refused.

Welton was ordained bishop in the non-juring faction by Dr Ralph Taylor in 1722. He went to America in 1724 where he was briefly rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, before a royal writ of January 1726 demanded that he return to England. Welton died in Lisbon, Portugal in 1726.

Notes

1670s births
1726 deaths
English Anglicans
People from Framlingham
English nonjuror clergy
People educated at Woodbridge School


title: Jungle (Jungle album)

text:
Jungle is the debut studio album by London-based modern musical collective Jungle. It was released on 14 July 2014 through XL Recordings. A nu-disco and disco funk album, Jungle combines musical influences from the 1970s, 1980s and 2010s into a sunny sound flavoured by soul and funk and the group's processed falsetto vocals, which were treated with modulation and Leslie speaker effects. Some songs also feature found sounds.

On release, the album received generally favourable reviews from music critics. Some highlighted the album's optimistic music, while others felt the record was too slick and unvaried to work as a sustained listening experience. Some reviewers noted a darker undercurrent to some songs, inspired by the duo's inner-city lives. In September 2014, the album was shortlisted for the 2014 Mercury Prize.

Promotion
Formed in 2013, the identities of Jungle's were originally kept secret, in order to place an aesthetic emphasis on the music's surrounding artwork and videos. Instead, the duo of   Josh Lloyd-Watson and Tom McFarland identified as J and T, respectively. The pair had revealed their true names by the release of Jungle.

"Platoon" and "The Heat" were digitally released as the lead singles promoting the album on 16 December 2013. The music video for "Platoon", which premiered on 4 June 2013, featured a 6-year-old B-girl named Terra, while the video for "The Heat" featured British skate crew High Rollaz and was released on 1 October 2013. Both videos were directed by Oliver Hadlee Pearch.

On 28 February 2014, a music video for the third single, "Busy Earnin'", was released onto YouTube. The single was released digitally on 7 April 2014, and in vinyl format on 15 April. The song peaked at number 19 on the UK Indie Chart and at number 27 on Ultratip chart in Belgian Flanders region in March, and at number 118 in France in July 2014.

A music video for the fourth single, "Time", was released on 8 July 2014. On 8 September, remixes of the song by Joe Goddard and LXURY were released onto iTunes.

Composition
Jungle has been described as an album of nu-disco, and disco-funk, with songs characterised by "pliant" bass, 4/4 beats and "spindling guitar", underpinned by synth parts that are variously lush and airy. Among reviewers, Jim Carroll says that the record contains "shuffling funk, disco and soul", with influences from Talking Heads, Prince and Happy Mondays, while Andy Beta wrote the album favours "the bantamweight soul" of early 1980s British groups such as Imagination, I-Level, Fun Boy Three and Fine Young Cannibals. Josh Terry notes that the album combines elements from 1970s and 2010s music. Throughout the record, the group incorporate falsetto harmonies that have been compared to disco-era Bee Gees, albeit processed to sound somewhat "robotic". Some songs feature "distorted steel drums, tropical crackles and washes of sparkling-surf synth."

The duo sought a somewhat murky sound for the record, inspired by "leftfield hip-hop producers such as J Dilla and Madvillain". To achieve this, they resampled their own performances to make them appear as though they were taken from "dusty old records". According to Lloyd-Watson, "We had various versions of songs that we kind of made cuts and edits of, so they start to sound like sampled loops. We're always going between high fidelity and low fidelity." Lloyd-Watson also noted that the duo used the Roland RE-501 Chorus Echo for analogue distortion. According to Sound on Sound writer Tom Doyle, Jungle's songs profile multiple vocal tracks by the duo which are processed through modulation and Leslie speaker effects.

Alongside the prioritisation of grooves and melody, many songs on Jungle feature unusual found sound effects, including police sirens on "The Heat" and a creaking door on "Drops", which were often captured by the group while on tour. The album's mixer, David Wrench, considered these sounds important to the record's style, elaborating: "it's like modern musique concrete. Jungle were in hotel rooms banging baths to make drum tracks." According to Lloyd-Watson, these sounds emerged because the duo use "what's available" when recording, adding: "if you're in a room in Paris and you haven't got any shakers, you'll end up getting some Euros and throwing them in a sink and miking that up. On 'The Heat', the snare drum’s made out of footsteps on gravel. We really love the idea of Foley in music. A football hitting the bedroom floor being a bass drum. You could go and record a '62 vintage Ludwig kick drum, but a lot of other people have access to that."

"The Heat", a "falsetto space funk" song, combines mentions of temperature and sexual 'heat' with the sampled police siren to feature "three separate 'heat' references in under 10 seconds." "Accelerate" features flourishes of chillwave, and has been described as containing "Tears for Fears-go-tropical undulations". "Drops" combines the creaking door sounds with a "minimal, James Blake-esque" sound. "Time" has a funk bassline reminiscent of Parliament, while the noir-esque "Smoking Pixels" is the record's sole instrumental. "Julia" is an 1980s-style synth-pop song.

Critical reception

Upon its release, Jungle received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 72, based on 21 reviews.

For AllMusic, Fred Thomas wrote that Jungle is "to be taken as a complete statement, and one that seems to reveal its nuances with repeat listens", adding that the identities and backgrounds of the band members "quickly become extraneous in light of the wealth of intriguing sounds presented on this incredibly well-constructed debut." Jim Carroll of The Irish Times believed it to be a record of "future-funk party favourites" that works well on repeat, praising the album's sunny pop grooves and noting: "When the sounds are this vibrant, it doesn't matter a jot who the Junglists actually are". He also highlighted the "intriguing darker side" to some of the songs, informed by the duo's inner-city lives.

Mark Beaumont of NME drew attention to the record's "ultra-modern rewiring of funk" for Generation Y, deeming it "the pop-art album of summer." Like Carroll, Beaumont noted that the album's "darker side" is "really intriguing", writing: "There's a tone of inner-city malaise, romantic ruin and psychedelic alienation to a raft of its tracks that speaks to those modern urbanites feeling screen-wiped and robbed of opportunities, busy earnin’ for nothing. It’s the sound of a 21st Century What's Going On, a sister-piece to Bobby Womack's Albarn-produced The Bravest Man in the Universe". Kitty Empire of The Observer described Jungle as a classy, accomplished album of "aerated disco-funk" that follows the promise of the duo's earlier singles, adding: "It all runs very smoothly – perhaps too smoothly for some tastes – but listen past the sheen and the headphone goods are there."

In The Guardian, Paul MacInnes felt that the songs work individually, but that the whole album becomes predictable, adding that "the faint, faded vocals, which at first intrigued – are they those of a wounded lover, or just a jaded observer? – now sound affected", and concluding that, "by deliberately creating a sense of mystery around themselves, Jungle may have raised expectations that their music cannot yet deliver on." Nick Coleman of The Independent similarly argued that the duo "should have cultivated the mystique some more, because their heat-haze hybrid of soul grooves and falsetto-funk chic feels too under-cooked to sustain a whole album", noting that much of the record "dissolves into a vague dissolves into a vague chill-out-zone drift". However, he praised songs such as "Busy Earnin'" and "Accelerate" for engagingly combing "summery uplift with a reflective tug".

Andy Beta of Pitchfork considered Jungle to work better as individual singles than an entire album, considering the "shimmering surface" to "belie the flimsiness of the songs themselves, which buckle under any sort of weight". He also noted that the group's "falsetto-castrato harmonies—just beyond the range of Pharrell—that deliver each chorus and hook" prove tiring, making the album feel longer than its 39-minute length. Josh Terry of The A.V. Club wrote that the album is competent and contains great singles, but added that besides "a smattering of strong tracks", the record is ultimately "too sleek and too wrapped in its own crate-digging influences to be more than an agreeable summer album."

Track listing

Personnel

Jungle
 Josh Lloyd-Watson
 Tom McFarland

Additional musicians
 Rudi Salmon– vocals
 F. Maccoll – guitar
 D. Whalley – percussion
 G. Day – drums

Additional personnel
 Jungle – design, production
 David Wrench – mixing
 Mandy Parnell – mastering
 Imran Ahmed – A&R
 Phil Lee – design
 Oliver Hadlee Pearch – photography

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

2014 debut albums
Albums produced by Jungle (band)
Jungle (band) albums
XL Recordings albums


title: Meena Kumari (weightlifter)

text:
Meena Kumari (born 15 August 1989) is an Indian weightlifter and  Appointed to the post of Inspector in Punjab Police, who  placed fifth in the women's 58 kg weight class at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

Career

Police service
Kumari joined the Punjab police as a constable after attending college. By 2016,Appointed to the post of Inspector in Punjab Police,  .

Sports career
Kumari was previously a mountaineer and skydiver. She was selected for the 2007-8 National Cadet Corps expedition to Everest, though she did not participate.

Kumari took up weightlifting in 2008 when she attended college at the encouragement of her uncle, who himself participated. After joining the police she was coached by police weightlifter Saranjeet Kundan and sponsored by legislator Pawan Kumar Tinu. She won the gold medal in women's weightlifting in the 63 kg category at the All-India Police Games in December 2013, her third consecutive gold medal at these games. She lifted 110 kg in clean and jerk, two kilos better than her gold in the 58 kg category the previous year.

At the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow in July 2014, Kumari came fifth in the 58 kg category, lifting a total of 194 kg, 83 kg in snatch and 111 kg in clean and jerk.

In May 2016 at the Punjab and Haryana High Court, Kumari successfully appealed a three-year ban imposed by the Indian Weightlifting Federation in November 2014 for unspecified alleged behaviour in training and at the Commonwealth Games but was later proved non guilty and ban was lifted.

In 2017, Kumari took part in the Senior National Powerlifting Championship in Kerala and won a silver medal in the deadlift and bronze in the squat, and came third in the 63 kg category.

Personal life
Kumari is from Jattewali village in Adampur, Punjab, where her father is a tailor. She has three older brothers.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Indian female weightlifters
Sportswomen from Punjab, India
21st-century Indian women
20th-century Indian women
People from Jalandhar district
Indian women police officers
Weightlifters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for India


title: John MacNeile Price

text:
John MacNeile Price  (5 August 184311 November 1922) was a British civil engineer and the Surveyor General of Hong Kong.

Price was born in Marylebone, London, to Richard Evan Price, a merchant in South America, and Fanny Nugent Price. He was the first qualified and competent Surveyor General in Hong Kong's history from 1873 to 1889. He was conversant with electrical engineering developments both in Europe and America. He met with Layton and Wickham from the Hongkong Electric Company to develop electricity in the colony. As a result, the government offered $19,000 for fifty arc lamps and pumping water up to the houses on the Peak.

Price was also responsible for the redrew the proposal of the Hong Kong Observatory which Major H. S. Palmer initial proposal was rejected on the ground of cost in 1881. Price proposed the revised proposal to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London in 1882. His plan was approved in Many and construction started in 1883. As the Surveyor General, Price was also appointed member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council on 11 December 1876. He was also Honorary Chairman of the Sanitary Board when it was first established in 1883.

He sued the Robert Fraser-Smith, founder of the Hongkong Telegraph in November 1883 who accused him of jobbery and corruption but lost the case.

He died in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.

References

British expatriates in China
British expatriates in Hong Kong
British surveyors
Hong Kong surveyors
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Government officials of Hong Kong
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong
1843 births
1922 deaths


title: Tancred Robinson

text:
Sir Tancred Robinson (c.1658 – 29 March 1748) was an English physician, known also as a naturalist.

Life
He was born in Yorkshire, the second son of Thomas Robinson (died 1676), a Turkey merchant, and his wife Elizabeth (died 1664), daughter of Charles Tancred of Arden; he often spelt his own name Tankred. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge where he was admitted in 1673 at age 15, and graduating M.B. in 1679.

Robinson then travelled for some years abroad, and, with Hans Sloane, attended the lectures of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort and Guichard Joseph Duverney in Paris. A letter from him to John Ray is dated from there in 1683. In September of the same year he wrote from Montpellier, where he visited Pierre Magnol; and, after staying at Bologna, where he met Marcello Malpighi, and in Rome and Naples, he travelled on, in 1684, to Geneva and Leyden.

In August 1684 Robinson was in London. From Montpellier he had written to Martin Lister a letter on the Pont-Saint-Esprit on the Rhône River, printed as one of his first contributions to the Philosophical Transactions in June 1684, and in the same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Robinson became M.D. of Cambridge in 1685, and fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1687, serving as censor in 1693 and 1717. He was appointed physician in ordinary to George I, and was knighted by him.

Robinson died at an advanced age on 29 March 1748.

Works
Robinson's own contributions to Philosophical Transactions included ten papers on varied topics. Though his letters and papers deal with natural history generally, he paid particular attention to plants, and was styled by Leonard Plukenet in 1696 "vir de re herbariâ optime meritus", in his Almagestum. There is evidence that he assisted both James Petiver and Samuel Dale with the Latin of their scientific works.

John Ray was a good friend, and 17 letters from Robinson to Ray were printed in Ray's Philosophical Letters (1718). Ray repeatedly acknowledges his assistance, especially in his Historia Plantarum (1686) and Synopsis Stirpium (1690). Robinson was mainly instrumental in securing the publication of Ray's Wisdom of God in Creation, and suggested the Synopsis Animalium and the Sylloge Stirpium Europæarum.

Robinson has been credited with Two Essays by L.P., M.A., from Oxford, concerning some errors about the Creation, General Flood, and Peopling of the World, and … the rise of Fables … London, 1695. In a printed letter, in answer to remarks by John Harris, addressed by Robinson to William Wotton, a college friend, Robinson denied the authorship of the Two Essays. He admitted having assisted the author, and to having written the introduction to Sir John Narborough's Account of several late Voyages (London, 1694), and the epistle dedicatory to the English translation of Louis le Comte's Memoirs and Observations made in … China (London, 1697). Harris printed a reply to Robinson.

Family
Robinson married Alethea, daughter of George Morley, and left a son William.

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External links

Attribution

1658 births
1748 deaths
17th-century English medical doctors
18th-century English medical doctors
English naturalists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge