title: Big Sur Folk Festival

text:
The Big Sur Folk Festival, held from 1964 to 1971 in California, was an informal gathering of prominent and emerging folk artists from across the United States. Nancy Jane Carlen (1941-2013) was working at the Esalen Institute when Joan Baez was asked to lead workshops on music. Carlen was a good friend of Baez, and they decided to invite other artists, which turned into the first festival.

Baez performed at all seven events. Well-known acts included Joni Mitchell, Judy Collins, the Beach Boys, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Country Joe McDonald, John Sebastian, Kris Kristofferson, Arlo Guthrie, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Taj Mahal, Dorothy Morrison with the Edwin Hawkins Singers, and Julie Payne. All of the artists were paid union scale, about $50. The audience paid $3.50 to $5.50, depending on the year. All proceeds benefitted Baez's Institute for the Study of Nonviolence.

Carlen intended it to be a friendly and low-key event that allowed artists to relax after their long summer concert series. It was held except for one year in front of the pool at the Esalen Institute on the Big Sur coast. The second-to-last year was held at the Monterey County Fairgrounds. Carlen purposefully kept advertising to a minimum to help keep crowds small. Richard and Mimi Fariña performed for the first time at the festival, which led to a recording contract.

At the September 1969 festival, a documentary film was made. Celebration at Big Sur featured many performers who had played only four weeks earlier at Woodstock from August 15–18. The festival was later considered by some as the antithesis of the commercial Woodstock, but it was originally seen by the artists an antidote to the Newport Folk Festival.

Founding

The festival was founded in 1964 by Nancy Carlen. She was attending Boston University when she met Joan Baez. Baez at the time lived in Carmel Valley. Impressed with Baez' music and social convictions, Nancy drove cross-country and arrived in Big Sur in 1961. She got a job at Esalen and began living there.

Carlen wrote that the festival "started as a lark, Esalen Institute offering us a chance to take over that magnificent place for a whole weekend–the catch–an Esalen style seminar on "The New Folk Music". She invited Baez to lead the workshop. Carlen had met Richard and Mimi Farina at a mutual friend's home. She brainstormed ideas for the festival with Richard and invited both of them. It was their first professional performance.

Carlen invited Malvina Reynolds, Mark Spoelstra, Roger Abraham, and local artists Janet Smith and Richard and Mimi Fariña. Carlen performed as well.  Carlen later said she intended the festival to be a "performers' festival," where the artists could enjoy some peace and solitude together after the long summer on the festival circuit.

The audience liked Mimi and Dick Fariña so much that three record companies offered the duo a recording contract. Since Richard already had a publishing contract with folk giant Vanguard, and since Mimi's sister Joan had done well in her contract with Vanguard, they signed with them.

Later concerts

The festival was held annually from 1964 through 1969 at the Esalen Institute in Big Sur. In 1970 it moved to the Monterey County Fairgrounds, and returned to Esalen for the last concert in 1971.

As the seminar evolved into full concerts, Carlen kept the events purposefully small, emphasizing "quality and atmosphere over publicity and commercial success". Even when well-known artists like the Beach Boys or Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young were scheduled to perform, Carlen kept attendance to no more than a few thousand. She preferred crowds of less than 6000, preferably 3000. In 1971, she paid for no advertising and issued no tickets, only invitations. She paid performers union scale, never more than $50 per person. The admission charge was $3.50 to $5.50, depending on the year. For security, she used members of Baez' Institute for the Study of Nonviolence.

From 1964 to 1971, the Big Sur Folk Festival featured a line up of emerging and established artists, including Joan Baez, Joni Mitchell, Judy Collins, the Beach Boys, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young, Country Joe McDonald, John Sebastian, Kris Kristofferson, Arlo Guthrie, Dorothy Morrison with the Edwin Hawkins Singers, Julie Payne, and Mimi Farina. During the October 1970 festival, Kristofferson learned that Janis Joplin, with whom he had been involved, had died of an overdose in Los Angeles.

At Esalen, the audience sat on the grass in front of the swimming pool, and the artists performed on the other side of the pool with the Pacific Ocean in the distance. In 1968 the audience totaled around 5,000 each day. In September, 1970, the crowd at the Monterey County Fairgrounds numbered six or seven thousand.

The Beach Boys' performance at the 1970 festival at the Monterey County Fairgrounds helped establish their place as a rock and roll band, and their importance as a live act. Manager Jack Riley claimed that their appearance at the festival led to the invitation to play Carnegie Hall soon afterward. A recording of "Wouldn't It Be Nice" was included on a Live at Big Sur Folk Festival single and album.

Although the event is sometimes now regarded as the antithesis of the grossly-commercial Woodstock, it was originally seen as antidote to the Newport Folk Festival. The folk festival in part inspired the first Monterey Pop Festival in 1967.

Documentary film

A documentary film, Celebration at Big Sur, was made about the September 13 and 14, 1969 Big Sur festival, which featured many performers who had played at Woodstock a few weeks earlier from August 15–18. The Los Angeles Herald Examiner reported that the performers donated their time for the concert and film in exchange for a portion of the net profits. The Daily Variety reported in April 1970 that the film's profits were divided between the Big Sur Folk Festival Foundation (88%) and the crew (12%). Another source reported that Baez' Institute for the Study of Nonviolence benefited from the film's profits.

About 10–15,000 people camped out for three miles up and down Highway One for the two-day festival. The event audience was so well-mannered that those without the $4.00 admission price listened from the highway, even though there was no gate.

Performance dates and artists

The following artists performed from 1965 to 1971:

First Big Sur Folk Festival
Sunday, June 21, 1964

 Joan Baez
 Roger Abraham
 Nancy Carlen
 Malvina Reynolds
 Mark Spoelstra
 Janet Smith
 Mimi & Richard Fariña

Second Big Sur Folk Festival
September 13–14, 1965

 Joan Baez
 The Incredible String Band
 John Sebastian
 Delanie and Bonnie
 Dorothy Morrison and the Comb Sisters

Third Big Sur Folk Festival
Sunday, July 10, 1966

 Joan Baez
 Judy Collins
 Mark Spoelstra
 Malvina Reynolds
 Nancy Carlen
 Al Kooper
 Mimi Fariña

Fourth Big Sur Folk Festival
June 28–29, 1967

 Joan Baez
 Judy Collins
 Mark Spoelstra
 Jade the Mad Muse (?)
 Chambers Brothers
 Mimi Fariña
 Al Kooper

Fifth Big Sur Folk Festival
September 8–9, 1968

 Joan Baez
 Judy Collins
 Mimi Fariña
 Arlo Guthrie
 Charles River Valley Boys

Sixth Big Sur Folk Festival
September 13–14, 1969

 Joan Baez
 Joni Mitchell
 Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
 John Sebastian
 Johanna Demetrakas
 Dorothy Morrison & the Edwin Hawkins Singers
 Mimi Fariña
 Julie Payne
 Ruthann Friedman
 Carol Ann Cisneros
 The Comb Sisters
 Chris Ethridge
 Flying Burrito Brothers
 Struggle Mountain Resistance Band

Seventh Big Sur Folk Festival
Saturday, October 3, 1970
Held at Monterey County Fairgrounds

1:00 pm concert:
 Beach Boys
 John Phillips
 Joan Baez
 Merry Clayton and Love Ltd.
 Kris Kristofferson
 John Hartford

8:00 pm concert:
 Beach Boys
 John Phillips
 Linda Ronstadt, with Swamp Water
 Mimi Fariña & Tom Jans
 Mark Spoelstra
 Country Joe McDonald
 Tom Ghent
 Joan Baez
Finale: All sing You Ain't Going Nowhere

Eighth (and final) Big Sur Folk Festival
Saturday, September 25, 1971

 Joan Baez
 Kris Kristofferson
 Mimi Fariña and Tom Jans
 Mickey Newbury
 Big Sur Choir
 Lily Tomlin & Larry Hankin
 Blood, Sweat and Tears

Merchandise

Posters produced by Bob Muson and other artists are now collectable. Few were made as the festival was not widely advertised and very few posters remain in existence. A poster for the third Big Sur Folk Festival in 1966 sold in 2014 for $700.

Recordings and media

 "California Saga: California", a single by the Beach Boys on their 1973 album Holland.
 "Wouldn't It Be Nice" by the Beach Boys, released on Celebration and as a single in 1971.
 Celebration at Big Sur, film, 1971. From the 1969 festival.
 Celebration, album, 1970. From the 1970 festival. (CD released only in Europe)
 One Hand Clapping, album, 1971. From the 1971 festival. (Not available on CD)  Columbia, 1972, New York, N.Y.
 Live at the Big Sur Folk Festival, Kris Kristofferson 2016, 37min

References

External links

 Clips from Celebration at Big Sur (video). Neil Young. Crosby Stills Nash & Young; with Dallas Taylor on drums and Gregg Reeves on bass. Sixth Big Sur Folk Festival, 1969

1965 festivals
1965 in American music
1965 in California
1965 in music
1965 music festivals
Big Sur
California culture
Concerts in the United States
Counterculture festivals
Folk festivals in the United States
Hippie movement
Events in California
Music festivals established in 1965
Timeline of 1960s counterculture


title: David Litvinoff

text:
David Litvinoff (sometimes Litvinov; born David Levy; 3 February 1928 – 8 April 1975) was a consultant for the British film industry who traded on his knowledge of the criminal elements of the East End of London. A man for whom there are few truly reliable facts, it is unclear how genuine his expertise really was, though he certainly knew the Kray Twins and was particularly friendly with Ronnie Kray, according to a biography published in 2016. He entertained his showbiz friends with stories of the Krays' activities and his niece Vida described him as "the court jester to the rich, smart Chelsea set of the sixties".

Early life and family

Litvinoff was born in 1928 at Hare Marsh, Whitechapel, London, into a Jewish family with Russian origins. His mother and her first husband had fled tsarist pogroms in Odessa in 1913. She had four children with her first husband and five including David Litvinoff with her second husband Solomon Levy whom she married after the first was lost after he joined the Russian army in 1917. He took the surname of his mother's first husband rather than his biological father. His older half-brothers were the writer Emanuel Litvinoff and the historian Barnet Litvinoff. The family were brought up in relative poverty, supported mainly by Mrs Litvinoff's earnings as a dressmaker.

Jazz and blues
Unlike his step-brothers, little is known of David's early adulthood but he seems to have been a well-known figure in the jazz clubs of Soho in the 1950s. He knew George Melly who he first met at Cy Laurie's jazz club in Great Windmill Street and he was also associated with Mick Mulligan. Melly, Mulligan and Litvinoff were all present at what Melly described as a near riot at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London at what was supposed to be a serious lecture by Melly on "Erotic Imagery in the Blues" but turned into an impromptu stag night for Melly who was getting married the next day. Litvinoff had a lifelong love of Blues music, and left detailed instructions for the disposal of his music recordings on his death, which mainly took the form of reel to reel tapes. When he later had a cottage in Wales, it was described by a local as being wall to wall recordings, including everything that Bing Crosby had ever done up to the latest from Bob Dylan, of whom Litvinoff was a huge fan.

David Levy or David Litvinoff?
Litvinoff invented a complicated persona for himself that disguised his origins and family background. Iain Sinclair said "he had made himself over, so that even the sound of his voice on the telephone gave nothing of his background away". Stories of beatings he had given or taken, people he knew or could put you in contact with all had to be taken with a large pinch of salt. Stories of Litvinoff's activities are legion, but all second hand and often differ according to the teller. According to Sinclair: "Litvinoff was everybody's best friend, he specialized in it. That was his profession. In your company, he was the perfect audience: witty, up to speed with the gossip, seductive". John Pearson remarked on Litvinoff's natural intelligence and described him as "entirely self-taught and self-invented". His friend George Melly, in Owning Up, described him as The fastest talker I ever met, full of outrageous stories, at least half of which turned out to be true, a dandy of squalor, a face either beautiful or ugly, I could never decide which, but certainly one hundred percent Jewish, a self-propelled catalyst who didn't mind getting hurt as long as he made something happen, a sacred monster, first class.

Criminal connections

Keith Richards wrote of Litvinoff that he "was on the borders of art and villainy, a friend of the Kray brothers, the East End gangsters." The novelist Derek Raymond said, "Used to know Litvinoff's half-brother David quite well. He managed to kill himself. Which was probably just before he would have been murdered."

In Notorious, John Pearson writes that Litvinoff was homosexual and that one function that he performed for Ronnie Kray, who was also homosexual, was to procure boys for sexual services for Ronnie's friends. Such activities also provided useful material for blackmail purposes. Art dealer Christopher Gibbs said "He didn't have an affair with Ronnie Kray, but he used to pick up boys with him sometimes. I remember being flagged down, in Sloane Street, aged 18 or thereabouts [c. 1956], by this car with Litvinoff in it and these frightfully sinister-looking people. One of them was Kray."

Through Ronnie Kray, Litvinoff met Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud who were friends and used to gamble at Esmeralda's Barn, a gambling club in which the Krays had a stake. According to Christopher Gibbs, the man in Freud's painting Man in a Headscarf (originally The Procurer) (1954) was Litvinoff before he was slashed across the face in an attack (sometime before 1968) by an unknown assailant. The Krays were happy to take the credit for the attack as it bolstered their reputation. Pearson claims that Freud gave the work its original name in reference to Litvinoff's function. The painting sold for £1,156,500 at Christie's in 1999. At one time, it had been thought to be a self-portrait.

Mim Scala recalls that around 1960, Litvinoff was the Faginesque head of a small group based at the Temperance Billiard Hall, 131-141 King's Road, Chelsea, that included Eddie Dylan, Brian Masset and Tommy Waldron. According to Scala, "what Litvinoff liked best were little boys, particularly naughty, runaway Borstal boys." Scala described him as "physically quite ugly: thin lips, a huge nose and a prematurely bald head" but with the ability to "talk the birds out of the trees, money out of pockets, boys into bed, and gangsters out of killing him".

After Litvinoff ran up a debt at Esmeralda's Barn, he did a deal with Ronnie Kray whereby he let Ronnie have the end of the lease on Litvinoff's flat in Ashburn Gardens, near the Gloucester Road in Kensington, as well as the use of Litvinoff's young male lover who also got a job at the Barn. Litvinoff continued to live in the flat and the arrangement suited everyone very well.

The Pheasantry

In 1967, Litvinoff was living at The Pheasantry, 152 King's Road, then dilapidated flats with a club in the basement that was in the process of turning into a form of artistic commune. Litvinoff worked in Tim Whidborne's studio. Eric Clapton and Martin Sharp of Oz magazine shared a studio there and other residents included Germaine Greer, Robert Whitaker and Nicky Kramer.

After the Redlands raid
In February 1967 the British police raided Keith Richards' home at Redlands in West Wittering after having received a tip-off that illegal drugs were being used at a party there. Litvinoff is not thought to have been at the party but according to multiple sources, took it upon himself to find out who the police informer was. Nicky Kramer, a member of the trendy Chelsea set, immediately came under suspicion and Litvinoff and hard-man John Bindon interrogated him fairly roughly before deciding that he was not the man they were looking for. Supposedly, they held him out of a window by his ankles.

Work in the film industry
In May 1968 the Kray twins were arrested on charges which included conspiracy to murder. In the autumn of 1968 shooting started on the film Performance, (released 1970) written by Donald Cammell and co-directed by Cammell and Nicolas Roeg, and starring James Fox and Mick Jagger. Litvinoff got the job of "dialogue coach and technical adviser". He had been a friend of Cammell since childhood, and through knowledge gained from his friendship with the Kray twins, he was able to introduced the cast and crew to London's underworld. Marianne Faithfull said: "They hired real gangsters ... and a genuine mob boss as adviser. This was David Litvinoff. Part of Litz's job was to be James Fox's tutor in infamy."

John Clark, art director on the film, said: "I did a lot of work with Litvinoff. He was very good on details. All the things for Chas (James Fox)'s apartment: the colours, ashtrays, phones. Litvinoff was a shadowy character. He had this massive razor slash across his face." According to Chris Sullivan in The Times, it was Litvinoff who recruited real life criminal John Bindon to act in the film. Writing about Performance in The Independent, David Thomson calls him "the most brilliant nutter anyone had ever met ... the catalyst – he just brought the whole thing together".

Wales
Sometime in 1968, Litvinoff rented Cefn Bedd cottage in Llanddewi Brefi. A stream of notable 60s figures seem to have stayed at the cottage including Eric Clapton, the artist Martin Sharp who designed the album covers for Cream, and Nigel Waymouth who was one of the owners of boutique Granny Takes a Trip. There was speculation that a bearded man with long hair and an American accent named Gerry was actually Bob Dylan, but Christopher Gibbs has said that this was really Litvinoff's "sidekick", Gerry Goldstein. Local legend also has it that the Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix and even Yoko Ono visited and that Litvinoff distributed signed Stones LPs. One local saw an invitation to Hendrix's funeral on the cottage mantlepiece.

Litvinoff left Llanddewi Brefi around the end of 1969 after being tipped-off about possible police interest in the cottage, returning to London and then going to Australia. On his return he stayed with Christopher Gibbs. In 1977, Operation Julie busted a large LSD manufacturing and distribution network operating partly from Llanddewi Brefi. Although this network is believed to have only been operating from 1969, and there is no evidence of any involvement by Litvinoff, media reports have linked it with his time in Llanddewi Brefi and the music industry figures that he brought to the village.

Death and legacy

From 1972 until his death in April 1975 from an overdose of sleeping pills, Litvinoff lived at Davington Priory, Faversham, Kent, (current home of Bob Geldof) which was then owned by the art dealer Christopher Gibbs.

Litvinoff left no published writings under his own name. Gerry Goldstein said that Litvinoff had once supplied material for the "William Hickey" column in the Daily Express newspaper, and his friend the film producer Sandy Lieberson later asked him to write a biography of the comedian Lenny Bruce but that was never completed. There were once rumours in the London book trade, which have never been confirmed, of Litvinoff diaries. Litvinoff was in the habit of recording his phone calls for amusement and the sound of the different voices and he was fascinated by the earliest phone-in radio shows. One witness recalls Litvinoff speaking on the telephone to a confused Brian Jones of The Rolling Stones the night before Jones died. According to Iain Sinclair, Gerry Goldstein, Nigel Waymouth and others together had a large collection of Litvinoff tapes.

Iain Sinclair wrote in 1999 that it was hard to find anyone who remembered Litvinoff as the cost of joining that club was "burn-out, premature senility or suicide."

References

Further reading
Pim, Keiron. (2016) Jumpin' Jack Flash: David Litvinoff and the rock’n’roll underworld. London: Jonathan Cape.

External links

1928 births
1975 deaths
People from Whitechapel
Drug-related suicides in England
Film people from London
1975 suicides


title: Winquist and Hansen classification

text:
The Winquist and Hansen classification is a system of categorizing femoral shaft fractures based upon the degree of comminution.

Classification

References

Bone fractures
Orthopedic classifications
Injuries of hip and thigh


The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the Night Owl, and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjacent track. Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days. Total damage was estimated at $14 million. The accident led to new speed restrictions and safety improvements in the vicinity of Back Bay and a revamp of Amtrak's locomotive engineer training program.

Accident
Amtrak #66, the Night Owl, departed Union Station in Washington, D.C. at 10:30 PM on December 11, 1990. The Night Owl was Amtrak's overnight service on the Northeast Corridor and was scheduled to arrive at Boston's South Station at 8:35 AM on December 12. At the time, electrification ended at New Haven, Connecticut, so two EMD F40PH diesel locomotives (#272 & #366) were assigned to pull the Night Owl from New Haven to Boston. Behind the two locomotives were a material handling car, a baggage car, three coaches, a dining car, two sleeping cars, another baggage car, and another material handling car. As the train approached Back Bay, a scheduled stop, there were seven crew and 190 passengers aboard.

MBTA #906 was a regularly-scheduled commuter train on the Stoughton Line, inbound from Stoughton to South Station. The train consisted of an EMD F40PH-2C diesel locomotive (#1073), similar to the Amtrak locomotives, six passenger coaches, and a control car. The train operated in push mode, meaning that the locomotive was on the rear of the train and the locomotive engineer controlled operations from the control car in the front. At the time of the accident, the commuter train was coming to a scheduled stop at Back Bay, and had five crew and 900 passengers aboard.

The western approach to Back Bay is a triple-tracked tunnel, with tracks numbered 3, 1, and 2. The MBTA train was on track 1 and the Night Owl on track 2. These two tracks are immediately adjacent with no barrier between them. At the time the maximum speed for all three tracks was . The lead Amtrak locomotive, #272, entered the curve into Back Bay at , more than twice the maximum authorized speed. At 8:23 AM the locomotive left the tracks and struck the MBTA locomotive on the adjacent track. As the collision occurred in downtown Boston, emergency medical services were on the scene almost immediately. The subsequent NTSB investigation reported 453 injuries: 50 on the Night Owl, 396 on the MBTA train, and seven firefighters who responded to the crash.

The collision destroyed all three locomotives, five Amtrak cars, and one MBTA coach. The tunnel suffered structural damage to its support columns. Dartmouth Street, immediately above the tunnel, had to be resurfaced: during the collision the two trains jackknifed and created a hole in the street. Back Bay was closed for six days after the accident. The total damage was estimated at $14 million, not including personal injury claims: $9 million in damage to infrastructure and rolling stock and a further $5 million in cleanup costs.

Investigation

The NTSB investigation focused on the operation of the Night Owl. Two crewmen had been in the cab of the lead locomotive: Willis E. Copeland, the engineer, and Richard Abramson, an apprentice engineer. Abramson was operating the locomotive under Copeland's supervision "for the entire trip."

Copeland had worked in the railroad industry since 1957 and as an engineer since 1969. As a road foreman for Amtrak in 1979, he ignored several stop signals and almost reached an open drawbridge at Pelham Bay. Only an automatic derailer prevented a more serious accident. Amtrak fired Copeland over the incident, but he was rehired in 1983. In March 1990 the Metro-North Railroad banned Copeland from its territory for life (with the exception of its trackage within New Haven Union Station) after "twice running through temporary stop signs set up to protect railroad employees working on an adjacent tracks." Abramson had joined Amtrak as a ticket clerk in 1973 and entered the engineer training program in early 1990. He had made two round-trips over the territory as part of his training program. Copeland was personally acquainted with Abramson but had supervised other apprentice engineers.

Review of the train event recorder showed that the Night Owl had exceeded the maximum authorized speed of , apparently to make up for lost time between New Haven and Boston. Copeland claimed that he instructed Abamson to begin braking at Ruggles station, approximately  from Back Bay, that the train failed to slow normally upon brake application, and that emergency braking was applied before the train entered the tunnel. Data from the recorder did not substantiate this (braking was not initiated until shortly before the train entered the tunnel, and emergency braking a mere  - less than four seconds of travel time - before reaching the point of derailment), and in the view of the NTSB even if the Night Owl had begun braking at that point it would still have been going too fast when it reached the curve. Any speed over  would have led to the derailment and subsequent collision.  When it entered the Back Bay tunnel, the Night Owl was still traveling at , and slowed only to  before the recorder ceased to function.

Given the involvement of Abramson, the NTSB reviewed Amtrak's locomotive engineer training program and pinpointed several areas for improvement:
 Abramson was learning the New Haven–Boston route ("physical characteristics familiarization") even as he was learning to operate the locomotive itself.
 Locomotive engineers who were to supervise apprentices did not receive special training or instruction for that task. The NTSB raised particular concerns about Copeland serving in the role given his service record.

Aftermath
The NTSB found that Amtrak was entirely at fault for the accident and that the "probable cause" was Abramson's failure to brake in time and Copeland's failure to supervise him properly. The NTSB also faulted Amtrak's supervision of its engineer training program and the lack of warning devices at the curve. The NTSB later amended its findings to remove specific reference to Abramson; the amended probable cause blamed Copeland for failing to properly supervise and ensure the train was braked in time. Amtrak fired both Abramson and Copeland. By 1992, Amtrak had installed automatic warning devices which would brake a train approaching the curve too fast.

See also
 List of rail accidents (1990–1999)

References

External links

Railway accidents and incidents in Massachusetts
Derailments in the United States
Railway accidents in 1990
1990 in Boston
Accidents and incidents involving Amtrak
Accidents and incidents involving Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
1990 disasters in the United States
Back Bay, Boston
Disasters in Boston


title: Bidhu Bhusan Das

text:
Bidhu Bhusan Das, also spelled Bidhubhusan Das (11 April 1922 – 2 June 1999), was a public intellectual, educator, professor, senior government official, and university president/Vice Chancellor from India.

Background and education
Bidhubhusan Das was born in Puri, Orissa, in 1922, the eldest child of Rai Bahadur Durga Charan Das, a senior government official in both British India and independent India, and the poet Nirmala Devi. Das received an A.M. from Columbia University and an M.Litt. from Christ Church, Oxford University. Earlier, he earned an M.A. in English from Patna University.

Career
Das started teaching in Ravenshaw University in 1944. He became Sonepur Professor of English at Ravenshaw in 1950. In 1959, he was appointed Advisor to King Mahendra of Nepal as part of the Indian Aid Mission under the Colombo Plan, and wrote the entire set of statutes that established Kathmandu's Tribhuvan University. He was Principal of Ranchi College (now Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University) from 1963 to 1968, and Principal of Ravenshaw University in 1968. After this, from 1968 until 1980, he was Director of Public Instruction and Vice Chancellor of Utkal University. Das taught English and American literature, comparative literature, linguistics and philosophy at Ravenshaw, Tribhuvan, Ranchi, Utkal and NEHU (Shillong) Universities. He was appointed advisor to chief minister Jamir of Nagaland and helped set up Nagaland University, a central university, in 1989.

Family
Das and his wife, Prabhat Nalini Das, had three children, including Oopali Operajita. Das's maternal aunt was the leader, feminist, writer and social activist Sarala Devi. Das's maternal uncle, Nityanand Kanungo, was a prominent Indian politician from the state of Odisha.

Publications

References

Further reading

1922 births
Indian academic administrators
Scholars from Bhubaneswar
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
1999 deaths


title: Marius Dueholm

text:
Marius Dueholm (January 5, 1881 – January 18, 1936) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Sonberg, Denmark, Dueholm emigrated to the United States in 1890 with his family. Dueholm settled in Luck, Wisconsin, where he was a farmer. He served on the town and school boards and on the Polk County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. From 1931 until his death, Dueholm served in the Wisconsin State Assembly on the Wisconsin Progressive Party ticket. He died at his home in Luck, Wisconsin.

Notes

1881 births
1936 deaths
Danish emigrants to the United States
People from Luck, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Progressives (1924)
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Wisconsin city council members
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
20th-century American politicians


title: Pless

text:
Pleß or Pless may refer to:

Places
Pleß, a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany
 Pszczyna (German: Pleß), a town in southern Poland
 Duchy of Pless, a historic territory in Silesia
 Pleß (mountain), a mountain in Thuringia, Germany

People
 Daisy, Princess of Pless (1873–1943), noted society beauty in the Edwardian period
 Artūrs Toms Plešs, (born 1992), Latvian politician
 Helmut Pleß, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipient in 1944
 Kristian Pless (born 1981), Danish tennis player
 Leonie Pless (born 1988), German rower
 Rance Pless (1925–2017), American baseball player
 Stephen W. Pless (1939–1969), United States Medal of Honor recipient
 Vera Pless (1931–2020), American mathematician
 Willie Pless (born 1964), Canadian football player

See also
 (including Pless)
 Ples (disambiguation)
 Pleš (disambiguation)


title: 2018 World Orienteering Championships

text:
The 35th World Orienteering Championships were held in Latvia in August 2018. The hosts were Riga, Sigulda and Turaida.

Schedule

Medal summary

Medal table

Men

Women

Mixed

References

External links
Official website

World Orienteering Championships
2018 in Latvian sport
International sports competitions hosted by Latvia
Sports competitions in Riga
World Orienteering Championships
Orienteering in Latvia
2018 in orienteering


title: Roger Edwards (meteorologist)

text:
Roger Edwards is an American meteorologist and expert on severe convective storms (thunderstorms). He is the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology (EJSSM).

Biography
Edwards was born in Dallas, Texas and attended Woodrow Wilson High School. He earned a B.S. in meteorology from the University of Oklahoma (OU) in 1989 and worked as a meteorological aide at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) as an undergraduate. Here he worked under the direction and mentorship of Don Burgess and participated in field research, including with the TOtable Tornado Observatory (TOTO) team. Edwards left graduate work at OU to accept a meteorologist position at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) where he worked from 1990 to 1993. He joined the National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC), now the Storm Prediction Center (SPC), in 1993, where he continues to work as a lead forecaster.

Edwards is an expert and is outspoken on issues of weather forecasting, on public safety, particularly regarding tornado preparedness for large event venues, schools, and other large congregations of people, and on storm spotter training. He also has a research focus on tropical cyclone tornadoes. He has authored and co-authored as well as reviewed papers in American Meteorological Society (AMS) journals and conferences. With his expertise and emphasis on public outreach, Edwards is frequently interviewed by the media and is invited to speak at conferences across the country. He maintains the Online Tornado FAQ section at the SPC website. He is a storm chaser and is known for strong stances on storm chaser conduct and responsibility. He was a forecaster for Project VORTEX in 1994 and deployed mobile mesonet vehicles and in-situ probes for TWISTEX in 2008. Edwards was a contributor to Storm Track magazine and maintained the storm Storm Chase FAQ at its associated website. He co-founded with David M. Schultz and serves as editor-in-chief of the open access Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology. Edwards served for fives years as the Local Steward representing SPC for the National Weather Service Employees Organization (NWSEO).

Edwards is married to Elke (Ueblacker) Edwards and they have two children. Elke is also a storm chaser and photographer, and Roger enjoys travel, field geology, hiking, softball, gardening, and fishing.

See also
 List of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes

References

External links
 Personal website
 Weather or Not: Severe Outflow by Roger Edwards (blog)
 Storms Observed: Roger and Elke's Chase Blog

 What You See Really Does Matter (Roger Edwards, Storm Track)
 Not Obeying Stupid Rules (WeatherBrains interview, Dec 2, 2013)

American meteorologists
Storm chasers
University of Oklahoma alumni
Living people
People from Dallas
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Weather Service people
Woodrow Wilson High School (Dallas) alumni


title: Santo Domingo, Táchira

text:
Santo Domingo, alternatively known as Santo Domingo del Táchira, is a city in Venezuela, located in Táchira.

Transportation
Santo Domingo is served by Mayor Buenaventura Vivas Airport, which is features limited domestic service on two airlines, Conviasa and Aerolineas Estelar. It is located 13.3km (22 minutes by car) away from the center of Santo Domingo.

References

Cities in Táchira


title: 1975 Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council election

text:
Elections to Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council were held on in May 1975. The Conservatives retained control of the Council.

23 seats were contested, with 18 being won by the Conservative Party, 4 by the Labour Party and 1 by the Liberal Party.

After the election, the composition of the Council was

Conservative 42
Labour 23
Liberal Party 3
Independent 1

Election result

Ward results

Astley Bridge ward

Bradshaw North and South ward

Bradford ward

Bromley Cross, Eagley and Egerton ward

Church East and North ward

Darcy Lever cum Breightmet ward

Deane cum Lostock ward

Derby ward

Farnworth North ward

Farnworth South ward

Great Lever ward

Halliwell ward

Heaton ward

Horwich North, Central and East ward

Horwich South and Blackrod ward

Hulton and Rumworth ward

Kearsley ward

Little Lever ward

Smithills ward

Tonge ward

West ward

Westhoughton East and Hulton ward

Westhoughton North, Central and South ward

References

1975
1975 English local elections
1970s in Greater Manchester


title: Philip Mathews (priest)

text:
Philip Mathews  was Archdeacon of Connor from 1689 to 1694.

Mathews was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. After his five years as Archdeacon he was then Precentor until his death in 1740.

References

1740 deaths
Archdeacons of Connor
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin


title: Buehler Planetarium and Observatory

text:
The Buehler Planetarium and Observatory is a 40-foot in diameter, domed theater. It is located at the A.Hugh Adams central campus of Broward College in Davie, Florida. The planetarium uses the Definiti fulldome video system. It is the only public planetarium in Broward County.

Shows are held on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Admission costs $4 during the week and $6 during the weekend. Admission is free for Broward College students with ID. The observatory patio houses 20 telescopes, which are free to use and are available from 8-10 pm on these three show nights.

Renovation update: Telescope observation nights are currently limited to Wednesday nights, from 7-10 pm, while the planetarium undergoes renovations.

History
The planetarium was opened in 1965 and was funded by a donation by the Emil Buehler Trust.

Gallery

See also
 Kika Silva Pla Planetarium
 List of planetariums

References

Planetaria in the United States


title: Dunnavant's Building

text:
The  Dunnavant's Building is a historic commercial building in Huntsville, Alabama.  It was built in 1905 by dry goods company Terry Brothers & Rogers.  P. S. Dunnavant took control of the company in 1925, and the store remained in its downtown location until 1975.  The third floor and roof were damaged in a fire in 1940.  The ground floor on the Washington Street façade is framed by large brick piers with polished marble bases.  Large display windows flank a recessed entry with a central column flush with the façade.  All other windows are one-over-one sashes.  A row of small, evenly spaced arched windows line the ground floor along the Clinton Avenue side.   On the second floor façade there are two groups of four windows, each group sharing a stone sill.  Third floor windows are smaller, and joined by brick arches.  Windows along the Clinton Avenue side are similarly treated.  The building is topped with a simple, denticulated cornice, with the roofline stepping down towards the rear of the building.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Commercial buildings completed in 1905
Buildings and structures in Huntsville, Alabama
1905 establishments in Alabama


title: Anatomy of the Infinite

text:
Anatomy of the Infinite is the second album from Australian black metal band Astriaal.

Track listing

Personnel
 Arzarkhel – Vocals
 Gryphon - Drums
 Baaruhl - Guitars, bass
 Helthor – Guitars, bass

References

Astriaal albums
2010 albums


title: Mukhadram

text:
Mukhadram (foaled 6 April 2009) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse. Unraced as a two-year-old, he showed promise when winning two minor races as a three-year-old in 2012. In the following year he emerged as a top-class performer with a front-running style, winning the Brigadier Gerard Stakes and the York Stakes and being placed in both the Prince of Wales's Stakes and the Eclipse Stakes, In 2014 he finished second in the Dubai World Cup before recording an upset win over a strong field in the Eclipse Stakes. He was retired at the end of the season with a record of five wins from sixteen races.

Background
Mukhadram is a bay horse with a faint white star and a white sock on his left hind leg bred by the Wiltshire-based Wardall Bloodstock. He was from the third crop of foals sired by Shamardal whose wins included the Dewhurst Stakes, Poule d'Essai des Poulains, Prix du Jockey Club and St James's Palace Stakes. Before Mukhadram, his most notable performer was Lope de Vega who won the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and Prix du Jockey Club in 2010. His dam, Magic Tree, bred by Sheikh Mohammed's Darley Stud, finished unplaced on her only racecourse appearance, but was a half-sister to the St Leger Stakes winner Mastery.

Mukhadram was offered for sale as a foal at Tattersalls in November 2009 and was bought for 190,000 guineas by Hamdan Al Maktoum's Shadwell Estate Company. The colt was sent into training with William Haggas at the Somerville Lodge stables in Newmarket, Suffolk. Mukhadram ha been ridden in all of his races by Paul Hanagan.

Racing career

2012: three-year-old season
Mukhadram did not race as a two-year-old and made his debut on 19 April 2012 in the Wood Ditton Stakes for previously unraced horses over one mile at Newmarket Racecourse. Starting the 7/2 favourite, he finished second to the Mahmood Al Zarooni-trained Mariner's Cross, but was later awarded the race after the winner was disqualified after a prohibited substance was found in a post-race sample. A month later, over the same course and distance, the colt started 4/9 favourite for a maiden race and won by one and a quarter lengths from Ibtahaj and twelve others. In his next two races, Mukhadram finished fourth in the Tercentenary Stakes at Royal Ascot and second in a race at Newmarket in July. After a break of two and a half months, the colt reappeared in the Cambridgeshire Handicap at Newmarket on 29 September. Carrying a weight of 126 pounds he started at odds of 10/1 (having been favourite in the build-up to the race) in a field of thirty-three and finished fifth behind Bronze Angel.

2013: four-year-old season
On his first appearance of 2013, Mukhdaram was moved up in class to contest the Group Three Brigadier Gerard Stakes over ten furlongs at Sandown Park Racecourse on 30 May. He led from the start, opened up a three length lead early in the straight and, despite tiring in the closing stages, held on to win by half a length from the favourite Main Sequence, a colt who had finished second in the 2012 Epsom Derby. After the race, Hamdan Al Maktoum's spokesman Richard Hills said "He's had a few problems but he went to Great Leighs last week for some work and pleased William. We don’t keep many four year olds in training but we thought he could improve and tonight has justified that. He knocked on the door quite a bit last year and ran some good races but I think as a four-year-old he will improve immensely".

In the Group One Prince of Wales's Stakes at Royal Ascot, Mukhadram started a 14/1 outsider. He produced his best performance up to that time, leading from the start and going three length clear in the straight before being caught in the closing stages and being beaten a neck by Al Kazeem with The Fugue and Camelot in third and fourth. Hanagan repeated the tactics in the Eclipse Stakes at Sandown in July, leading from the start before kicking clear in the straight. He was overtaken inside the final furlong and finished third behind Al Kazeem and Declaration of War after being hampered when the winner veered to the right in the closing stages. Three week later, Mukhadram was dropped in class for the Group Two York Stakes at York Racecourse and started the 4/9 favourite against five opponents. Hanagan opted to ride the colt despite being offered the ride on Ektihaam in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot on the same day. He led from the start as usual and held on in the closing stages to win by three quarters of a length from Grandeur. Commenting on the fact that the colt's advantage had been reduced in the closing stages, Hanagan said "It's long way to be in front. That makes me even more proud of him. I was struggling to get him on the right lead as he's a big horse and takes a bit of organising". On his final appearance of the season, Mukhadram finished fifth behind Farhh, Cirrus des Aigles, Ruler of the World and Hunter's Light in the Champion Stakes at Ascot on 19 October.

2014: five-year-old season
In early 2014, Mukhadram was sent to the United Arab Emirates to contest the Dubai World Cup at Meydan Racecourse. Prior to the race, Hamdan Al Maktoum expressed doubts about the horse's ability to cope with the synthetic Tapeta surface, saying "if you ask me, I'll be happier if the race was run on grass as Mukhadram hasn't run on the Tapeta... the ground conditions change every few metres. New horses to the surface shorten their strides and don't stretch naturally". Mukhdaram went to the front soon after the start and led until the final furlong, when he was overtaken and beaten two and three quarter lengths into second place by African Story. The other beaten horses included Akeed Mofeed, Red Cadeaux, Military Attack, Ron The Greek and Ruler of the World. After the race Hanagan praised the horse's performance saying "I am so proud of him, he ran his absolute heart out. He even tried to battle back when the other one came, he is so genuine".

New tactics were employed when the horse ran for the second time in the Prince of Wales's Stakes at Royal Ascot. Hanagan positioned the colt just behind the leaders in fourth place, but after being slightly hampered in the straight he was never able to reach the leaders and finished fourth behind The Fugue, Magician and Treve. On 5 July, Mukhadram started a 14/1 outsider for the Eclipse Stakes in a field which included The Fugue, Night of Thunder, Kingston Hill, Verrazano, War Command and Trading Leather. Haggas was in confident mood before the race saying that "Mukhadram is a better horse than a year ago – he's much more mature and focussed". Hanagan settled the horse behind the pacemaker Somewhat before taking the lead three furlongs from the finish. He went clear of the field and was never in any danger of defeat, winning by two lengths from Trading Leather, with Somewhat hanging on to take third at odds of 100/1. After the race Hanagan paid tribute to the winner, saying "I know he stays well, I know he gives his all and it's a massive plus when you’ve got a temperament like that. He lobs down to the post, I could put my kids on him". Haggas commented "He's not always had the luck, but we have always believed in him... We know at home how good he is, and he's proved it today". The trainer also indicated that the horse's next target would be the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. Some observers, including Channel 4's Jim McGrath, expressed the view that Mukhadram's victory had been partly due to the riders of the more fancied runners misjudging the pace and giving their mounts too much ground to make up in the straight. Mukhadram was then stepped up in distance to one and a half miles for the first time to contest Britain's most prestigious weight-for-age race the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot on 26 July. He started at odds of 12/1 after Hanagan opted to ride The Oaks winner Taghrooda. Ridden by Dane O'Neill, he tracked the pacemaker Leitir Mor before taking the lead in the straight and engaging in a protracted struggle with the favourite Telescope. He eventually finished third of the eight runners behind Taghrooda and Telescope, beaten three lengths and a short head. After the race Haggas said "He's run his guts out... I'm as proud as punch of my horse... the Juddmonte International Stakes could be next". On 20 August Mukhadram was brought back in distance to face the Derby winner Australia as well as Telescope and the Prix du Jockey Club winner The Grey Gatsby in the International Stakes over ten and a half furlongs at York. He tracked the pacemaker Kingfisher before moving forward to briefly take the lead in the straight, but faded in the closing stages to finish fourth behind Australia, The Grey Gatsby and Telescope, beaten seven and half lengths by the winner.

Mukhadram's next race was the Irish Champion Stakes on 13 September. He produced a similar performance to his run at York, briefly taking the lead in the straight before being outpaced in the closing stages and finishing fourth behind The Grey Gatsby, Australia and Trading Leather. On 13 October, it was announced that Mukhadram had been retired from racing. Sheikh Hamdan's racing manager said "he's been a tough, consistent performer and he's a fine, big, good-looking horse so we hope he'll appeal to breeders".

Assessment
In the 2013 World's Best Racehorse Rankings Mukhadram was rated the twenty-ninth best racehorse in the world and the sixth best four-year-old behind Novellist, Declaration of War, Gold Ship, Just A Way and The Fugue.

Pedigree

References

2009 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 10-c


title: Civil Aviation Department Kartik

text:
The Civil Aviation Department Kartik was an Indian single seat competition glider first flown in 1963. It was built in small numbers and remained under development until 1975.

Design and development
Several Civil Aviation Department aircraft were named after lunar related periods; Kartik (Sanskrit: कार्तिकः) is the eighth month of the Indian national calendar.  The glider named after it was one of at least five designed by S. Ramamrithram at the Civil Aviation Department. It was a single seat, high performance machine, fairly conventional apart from the wing planform of the first variant, the KS-I Kartik. Rather than the usual taper, its  span, high, cantilever wing had inner and outer rectangular panels of different chord,  narrower outboard. This approximated taper and was simpler to build with fewer different sized ribs. The mid-wing joins were blended with short tapered sections of the trailing edge; the leading edges were straight. Overall there was 1° of forward sweep. The wing structure was wooden, consisting of a single main spar with plywood skinning forward from it around the leading edge to form a torsion resisting box, a secondary rear strut and diagonal drag struts at the wing roots. Fabric covering was used aft of the main spar.  The wing was mounted with 1.50° of dihedral. It was fitted with ply covered, wood framed ailerons and had wooden air brakes which opened above and below at mid-chord.

The Kartik's fuselage was a ply skinned, wooden framed semi-monocoque with an aluminium nose cap.  The cockpit was ahead of the  wing leading edge with a removable perspex canopy. Oxygen was an option. Aft, the fuselage tapered gently to the tail surfaces which were straight tapered and square tipped. Its tailplane, mounted at the top of the fuselage, was positioned forward of the fin so the rudder, which reached down to the keel, only required a small cut-out for operation.  The fin and the tailplane leading edge were ply covered, the remainder fabric. The starboard elevator carried a trim tab.

Ramamrithram provided the Kartik with similar landing gear to that of his earlier Bharani: a fixed monowheel without a brake, a rubber sprung, steel shod forward skid and a tail skid with tennis balls as a spring.

The KS-I first flew on 18 March 1963. It gained permission to fly in cloud and to perform aerobatic loops, stalls and spins. However, flight testing showed that the double rectangular wing was not a success and the third prototype, the KS-2 Kartik first flown on 4 May 1965, had instead a wing with conventional straight taper.  Area and span remained the same, though the ailerons were given slots and the airbrake area increased. A wheel brake was added and maximum take-off weight increased by about 7%. Other changes were minor; there was a  increase in length and a lowering of the cockpit, now fitted with a rear hinged canopy and with a better forward view. In all seven Kartik IIs were built, the last at the end of 1975. This final example had slotted flaps instead of airbrakes.

Operational history
At the first Indian national gliding rally in 1967 the Kartik set a national speed record over a  triangular course.

Variants
KS-I Kartik First two prototypes, first flown 18 March 1963. Double rectangle wing.
KS-II Kartik First flown 4 May 1965. Straight tapered wing. Seven built.

Specifications (KS-II Kartik)

References

External links
NACA 643618 airfoil

1960s Indian sailplanes
Civil aviation in India


title: Dazzle Dreams

text:
Dazzle Dreams is a Ukrainian electronic band formed in 2006 in Kyiv. Dazzle Dreams released four studio albums.

Members
 Dmytro Tsyperdyuk (singing)
 Serhiy Hera (Shura) (keyboards)
 Greg Ihnatovych (arrangement)

Discography
 2007 — Dazzle Dreams
 2008 — D.Dreams Sound System-Nepal
 2009 — (Go! Go! Go!) Disco killers
 2012 — Diva

Links
 Official page

Electronic music groups
Musical groups established in 2006
2006 establishments in Ukraine
Ukrainian musical groups


title: 2014 Gastein Ladies – Singles

text:
Yvonne Meusburger was the defending champion, but lost to Chanelle Scheepers in the second round.

Andrea Petkovic won the title, defeating qualifier Shelby Rogers in the final, 6–3, 6–3.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Lucky losers
  Beatriz García Vidagany

Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

References
 Main draw
 Qualifying draw

Gastein Ladies - Singles
2014 Singles
Gast
Gast


title: Andrew Tulloch

text:
Andrew George Tulloch (born 1 April 1967 in Wolverhampton) is a male retired English athlete who specialised in the 110 metres hurdles.

Athletics career
He represented Great Britain at the 1996 Summer Olympics, as well as three consecutive World Championships, starting in 1993. He represented England in the 110 metres hurdles event, at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Four years later he represented England in the 110 metres hurdles event again, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

He has personal bests of 13.49 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (Oslo 1999) and 7.55 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Valencia 1998).

Competition record

References

1967 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wolverhampton
English male hurdlers
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Great Britain


title: Yo no creo en los hombres

text:
Yo no creo en los hombres is a Mexican telenovela produced by Lucy Orozco in association with Isabelle Tardán for Televisa in 1991. This is based on the radionovela Yo no creo en los hombres written by Caridad Bravo Adams.

Plot
The protagonist of the plot is María Dolores Robledo (Gabriela Roel), a young and beautiful woman, whose fate intersects with that of the Ibáñez family, made up of the evil Leonor (Saby Kamalich) and her two children, Arturo (Rafael Rojas) and Maleny (Ana Colchero). María Dolores falls in love with Arturo, who seduces her and later leaves her to marry another woman.

Later, Arturo tries to rape María Dolores, but he accidentally dies during the struggle between them and she is blamed for his death and sentenced to thirty years in prison.

While in prison, María Dolores swears to herself not to trust men anymore, but after regaining her freedom, she meets Gustavo (Alfredo Adame), a lawyer who falls in love with her and makes her believe in love again.

Cast

Main cast

Gabriela Roel as María Dolores Robledo
Alfredo Adame as Gustavo Miranda
Rafael Rojas as Arturo Ibáñez

Also main cast

Saby Kamalich as Leonor Ibáñez
Bruno Rey as Pedro Miranda
Óscar Morelli as Lic. Salas
Bárbara Gil as Laura Miranda
Martha Navarro as Esperanza Robledo
Ana Colchero as Maleny Ibáñez
Pilar Escalante as Silvia Montesinos
Luisa Huertas as Josefa García
Patricia Bernal as Susana

Recurring cast

Hugo Acosta as Tony
Yolanda Andrade as Clara Robledo
Jorge Antolín as José Alberto
Felipe Casillas as Jacinto
Dora Cordero as Cecilia
Alberto Estrella as Alfonso
Astrid Hadad as Paca
Leonor Llausás as Honoria
Alejandro Rábago as Aurelio
Federica Sánchez Fogarty as Elena García
Ricardo Silva as Dr. Herrera
José Suárez as Leonardo Miranda
José Luis Yaber as Genaro
Humberto Yáñez as Raúl Gómez

References

1991 telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas
1991 Mexican television series debuts
1991 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico City


title: West Indian cricket team in India and Ceylon in 1966–67

text:
The West Indian cricket team toured India and Ceylon in December 1966 and January 1967 to play a three-match Test series against the Indian national cricket team. West Indies won the Test series 2–0. India were captained by Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi and West Indies by Garfield Sobers. In January, the West Indians played a first-class rated international against the Ceylon national cricket team at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium, Colombo. The match was drawn. Ceylon were captained by Michael Tissera.

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

References

External links
 West Indies to India 1966-67 at Test Cricket Tours
 West Indies in India and Ceylon 1966-67 at CricketArchive

Further reading
 Dicky Rutnagur, "West Indies triumph but cracks begin to show", The Cricketer, Spring Annual, 1967, pp. 65–68
 Dicky Rutnagur, "West Indies in India, 1966-67", Wisden 1968, pp. 855–70

1966 in Indian cricket
1966 in West Indian cricket
1967 in Indian cricket
1967 in West Indian cricket
1967 in Ceylon
Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70
International cricket competitions from 1960–61 to 1970
Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72
1966-67
1967


title: May City, Iowa

text:
May City is an unincorporated community in Osceola County, Iowa, United States.

Demographics
The population of May City was 43, according to the 2000 census.

History
The town was created in 1889. May City's population was 27 in 1902, and was 35 in 1925.

The town has a Lutheran church, St. John's. There is also a fire department in the town that is named "The May City Fire Department". The 125th Anniversary of the town was on July 19, 2014.

Education
May City is served by the Hartley–Melvin–Sanborn Community School District.

References

Unincorporated communities in Osceola County, Iowa
Unincorporated communities in Iowa
Populated places established in 1889


title: A. A. Townsend

text:
Absalom Austin Townsend (December 7, 1810April 28, 1888) was an American miner and prospector.  He was a pioneer of the Wisconsin lead-mining region and the California gold rush.

Early years
Townsend, third son of Samuel and Sarah (Longwell) Townsend, was born in Sussex County, New Jersey in 1810. When he was two years old, his father moved to Steuben County, New York, where he resided till 1826. His father, now a widower, having purchased some military land in Western Illinois, started on October 15, 1826, with his eldest son, and Absalom, and arrived at Fort Clark (now Peoria, Illinois), on January 1, 1827. In mid-February 1827, they arrived at the lead mines in the vicinity of Gratiot's Grove, near present-day Shullsburg, Wisconsin, and engaged in the business of mining. They were soon interrupted by the Black Hawk War in 1832. The elder brother volunteered in William S. Hamilton's company, while Townsend and his father forted at Gratiot's Grove, with Townsend serving under Gen. Zachary Taylor ("Old Rough & Ready"). He served during the whole of the Black Hawk War (1832) as a volunteer, under Col. Henry Dodge, and participated in the Battle of Bad Axe on August 2, 1832.  After the war was over, Townsend returned to mining.

Biography
In 1836, he married, and settled on a farm near Shullsburg, Wisconsin. With news of the California Gold Rush, Townsend resolved to try his hand at mining in that region. He fitted out a train of twelve wagons, drawn by oxen, with a company of men, in the spring of 1849, and taking the land route, started on April 16, and arrived in California on September 9. The "Rough and Ready Company" under Captain "Cappy" Townsend, composed of nine men from Shullsburg, arrived by the Truckee route at a point on Deer Creek, near the mouth of Slate Creek. The company styled themselves the "Rough and Ready Company" in honor of Townsend, who had served under Taylor ("Old Rough & Ready"). From this company, the California town of Rough and Ready derived its name. A 1958 episode of the Death Valley Days TV series called, "Rough and Ready", reenacts their arrival and founding of the town.

Consequent prospecting by Townsend's company satisfied them that the newfound diggings were rich, and removing their camp, they prepared winter quarters by building two log cabins on the point of the hill east from and overlooking the present town of Rough and Ready. At the end of February 1850, Townsend took out over $40,000 (another source states $15,000), before the water failed in the spring—no ditches then conveyed water from any large stream to the smaller ones, or to dry ravines. Townsend then returned by steamer route via San Francisco, Panama, New Orleans to Galena, IL, arriving 26 April 1850.

Townsend fitted out a company of 32 men on his second trip to the gold fields, well supplied with horses and mules. They left Shullsburg on the land route on May 23, 1850, crossed the Missouri River at Omaha, Nebraska, arriving September 8 (or 10), 1850. Townsend was astonished to find a town at Rough and Ready, containing some 400-500 inhabitants, instead of just his two cabins. He had to "buy into a claim" to get a place to work himself. While in Nevada County, he pursued the business of mining and stock keeping. He returned to Shullsburg in the spring of 1851.

Townsend held various public offices in Shullsburg and Lafayette County, Wisconsin. He acted as one of the arbitrators in settling the claims of the miners, preparatory to the sale of the Wisconsin mineral lands by the General Government. In 1842, he was commissioned a Justice of the Peace by Governor James Duane Doty; and in 1855, he represented his district in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

In 1864, Absalom led a large wagon train of individuals from Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa to the gold areas of Montana. Known as the "Townsend Wagon Train", it consisted of 150 wagons and over 400 people. They used the same Oregon Trail he had traveled in his 1849 and 1850 trips to California but in Wyoming they took an offshoot of the trail on to the Bozeman Trail which had been mapped by John Bozeman in 1863. The Townsend Wagon Train was only the 3rd such train on the Bozeman Trail and was attacked by Native Americans on July 7, 1864 near the Powder River in Wyoming. Several deaths occurred on both sides of the battle. The Wagon Train eventually reached its destination of Virginia City, Montana, on August 25, 1864, according to the trail diary of Benjamin W. Ryan, a member of the wagon train.

Personal life
With his first wife, Mary Ann Ross, there were four children, including Addison and Virginia. She died in 1842 at the age of 29 and is buried in Shullsburg. He married his second wife, Julia Almira Wells (1827–1877), in 1844; they had two sons and one daughter, Edwin, Walter, and Ellen. Julia Almira is buried next to Absalom in Evergreen Cemetery, Shullsburg. Absalom married Charlotte Warne in Jo Daviess County, IL in August 1880. Townsend was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in political views, he was a Republican. Townsend was active in the work of the Masonic fraternity. He owned several tracts of land (over 800 acres in total) west and south of Shullsburg which he farmed and owned the mineral rights. His death occurred in 1888 and he is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Shullsburg, Wisconsin.

References

External links

1810 births
1888 deaths
People from Sussex County, New Jersey
People from Shullsburg, Wisconsin
People from Nevada County, California
California pioneers
People of the California Gold Rush
American people of the Black Hawk War
United States Army officers
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Zachary Taylor
Military personnel from Wisconsin


title: Australian Instructional Corps

text:
The Australian Instructional Corps (AIC) was a corps of the Australian Army that existed between 1921 and 1955. Tasked with providing training to soldiers serving in Australia's part-time military force, the corps consisted of Permanent force warrant officers and senior non commissioned officers from all arms of service, who were posted to Citizen Force units as cadre staff, filling various regimental and training appointments. During the Second World War, the majority of the corps' personnel were transferred to the Second Australian Imperial Force, and in the aftermath of the war the corps eventually became part of the fledgling Australian Regular Army. In the post-war years, as the focus of Australia's defence strategy shifted towards the maintenance of a strong Regular force, the corps' role declined and it was eventually disbanded in 1955.

History
Formed on 14 April 1921, the Australian Instructional Corps replaced the Administrative and Instructional Staff that had been in existence within the Army since Australia's Federation in 1901. It was raised in the aftermath of the First World War following the demobilisation of the Australian Imperial Force, when Australia's part-time military forces were reorganised  to re-assume the main responsibility for the nation's defences. As part of the reorganisation, it was decided to raise a force of two cavalry divisions and five infantry divisions with various supporting arms to be maintained through a mixture of voluntary and compulsory service.

Consisting of a small cadre of permanent force warrant officers and senior non-commissioned officers, along with the Australian Staff Corps, the AIC was tasked with providing training to the part-time soldiers of the Citizen Force of all arms and services, including combat and technical branches. Upon formation, the corps had an establishment of around 600 personnel, which was a large portion of the small 1,600-strong permanent force. AIC members wore distinctive uniforms, with unique embellishments and badges of rank. Members were posted to units across Australia, filling various roles including acting as the adjutant or regimental sergeant major in many Citizen Force units, and were tasked with running promotion, qualification and specialisation courses for citizen soldiers and with administering school cadet units.

Although it had been intended that members would receive special instructional training, due to budgetary constraints there were no instructor training courses run until 1935 when small courses began at Randwick. At this time, concerns about the strategic outlook in Europe and Asia resulted in a slow move towards re-armament within Australia and the AIC's role in preparing Australia's military for war grew. However, the size of the corps remained the same until 1940–41 when, after the reintroduction of conscription – which had been suspended in 1929 – the corps was expanded to an authorised strength of 185 quartermasters and 1,039 warrant and non commissioned officers.

Throughout the Second World War, the corps was largely subsumed into the Second Australian Imperial Force, as instructors volunteered to serve overseas; upon the conclusion of the war, the AIC became part of the Interim Army that was established as Australia moved towards the establishment of the Australian Regular Army that would have precedence over the part-time elements that had previously been the focus of Australia's defence strategy. After this, the role of the corps slowly diminished as various arms of the service raised their own schools, which became responsible for producing their own instructors and trainers. Around the same time, amidst the context of the Korean War and the strategic exigencies of the Cold War, the training of part-time soldiers moved towards a more centralised scheme, further reducing the role of the AIC. The corps was officially disbanded on 19 May 1955, although according to historian Peter Dennis "for practical purposes it had ceased functioning several years earlier".

References
 Citations

Bibliography

Defunct Australian Army Corps
Military units and formations established in 1921
Military units and formations disestablished in 1955


title: 1454 in Ireland

text:
Events from the year 1454 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Lord: Henry VI

Births
 Thomas FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Desmond

Deaths


title: 1972 Montana gubernatorial election

text:
The 1972 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Governor of Montana Forrest H. Anderson, who was first elected in 1968, declined to seek re-election. Thomas Lee Judge, the Lieutenant Governor of Montana, won a competitive Democratic primary, and moved on to the general election, where he faced Ed Smith, a rancher and the Republican nominee. Although then-President Richard Nixon won the state in a landslide in that year's presidential election, Judge managed to handily defeat Smith, winning his first of two terms as governor.

Democratic primary

Candidates
Thomas Lee Judge, Lieutenant Governor of Montana
Dick Dzivi, Majority Leader of the Montana Senate
Eva Levengood Shunkwiler
Dallas E. Howard
David E. Burnham

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
Ed Smith, rancher
Frank Dunkle, former Director of the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, former State Senator
Tom A. Selstad, businessman
Warren McMillan

Results

General election

Results

References

Montana
Gubernatorial
1972


title: 1296 in Ireland

text:
Events from the year 1296 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Lord: Edward I

Births

Deaths
 Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Baron Desmond


title: List of GET affiliates

text:
The following is a list of current and pending affiliates of GET, a digital multicast television network owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment, focusing on classic television shows from the 1960s through the 2000s.

Current affiliates

Former affiliates

References

External links
 www.get.tv/get-the-channel – Official list of GetTV affiliates (includes information on cable channel placements)

GetTV


title: Borokiri

text:
Borokiri (also spelled Borikiri) is a neighborhood of the city of Port Harcourt situated just south of Old GRA in Rivers State, Nigeria. It lies at latitude 4.749° N and longitude 7.035° E. The neighborhood is bounded by Ahoada Street to the north, Okrika Island to the east (across Aboturu Creek), Orubiri oilfield to the south and Ship Builders Road to the west. Its land uses include residential, commercial, institutional and recreation.

Education
The following is a list of schools operating within this area:

Enitonna High School
Government Comprehensive Secondary School
New Covenant Secondary School
Nigerian Navy Secondary School
Our Lady of Fatima College
Wisdom Child International Schools
Divine Nursery & Primary School
Divine International College
Springfield Nursery & Primary School
Sunrise School

References

External links

Neighbourhoods in Port Harcourt
Geography of Port Harcourt (local government area)


title: Motorsport Association of Pakistan

text:
The Motorsport Association of Pakistan (MAP) is the National Sporting Authority (ASN) for the governance of auto racing in Pakistan under the International Sporting Code of the FIA. The Association is a member of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).

MAP organises different motor sports events in Pakistan, such as Cholistan Desert Jeep Rally, Gwadar Rally, autoshows, Faisalabad drag racing
A1 Team Pakistan is also regulated by MAP.

References

External links
 Official Website

National sporting authorities of the FIA
Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
Motorsport in Pakistan


title: 1307 in Ireland

text:
Events from the year 1307 in Ireland:

Incumbent
Lord: Edward I (until 7 July), then Edward II

Events
 10 July -  Richard de Havering (or Richard de Haverings) (died 1341) was elected Archbishop of Dublin in March and appointed 10 July; although he received possession of the see's temporalities on 13 September, he was never consecrated and after enjoying the dignity and profits of the see resigned 21 November 1310.
 Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh, Lord of Uí Maine, killed most of the English of Roscommon at Ahascragh, in response to the burning of the town by Edmund Butler.
 Alexander de Bicknor appointed Lord Treasurer of Ireland

Deaths
 Thomas FitzGerald, 3rd Baron Desmond
 Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh

References


title: Berenice arguta

text:
Berenice  is a genus  of plants in the Campanulaceae. There is only one known species, Berenice arguta, endemic to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean.

References

Campanuloideae
Endemic flora of Réunion
Taxa named by Edmond Tulasne


title: Commercial Rowing Club Dublin

text:
Commercial Rowing Club is a sports club located in Dublin, affiliated with Rowing Ireland. Commercial Rowing Club facilitates competitive rowing for Juniors (under 18 years of age)and Adults (including Novices, Intermediates, Seniors and Veterans). The Club is open to male and female athletes. The club colours are Myrtle Green, White & Azure Blue.

The Commercial Rowing Club Boathouse is located at Islandbridge, where the calm protected waters of the upper Liffey enable rowing year-round. Commercial also has access to the shared boathouse on Blessington Lake in Wicklow.

History
Commercial Rowing Club was founded in Ringsend in 1856. It is the second oldest rowing club in Ireland. The name dates an era when all non-university clubs were designated ‘commercial’.  The original membership was drawn from the Commercial heart of Dublin, tailors, bankers and other shopkeepers of Henry Street and Grafton Street and the boat house was originally located in Ringsend.
To avoid the inconvenience and dangers of the Tides and the port traffic, Commercial moved upstream from Ringsend to the peaceful waters of Islandbridge in 1942 to take over the premises of Dublin Rowing Club, which had become insolvent.

In the sixties recruitment was predominantly among young working men who rowed mainly in Novice grades. With the boathouse locked up for the 1969 season the club decided to go in an entirely different direction and bring in juniors in Big Numbers in the seventies. Oarswomen had to be secretly introduced and trained to a standard where they would win at their first regatta. The site of a Commercial “ladies” crew in front on the winning straight was too much for even the most hardened misogynist and the girls were finally accepted in the club.  In no time at all the membership went from 3 to 50 or 60 of all ages and both sexes.

Fleet
In 2015, Commercial Boathouse contained the following fleet of boats for members' use: -
46 single sculls
6 double sculls
4 pairs
3 coxless quads
5 coxed quads
2 coxed fours
8 eights
21 Concept II ergometers

Achievements

The development of Commercial coincided with a new policy of the IARU to encourage small boat rowing. By the year 2000, Commercial Rowing Club had won nearly 100 Irish National Championship medals.  This placed the club in second place in Ireland.

At the 1991 World Rowing Championships in Vienna, a sculler from Commercial RC named Niall O'Toole won a Gold Medal in the Men's Lightweight Single Scull, breaking the world record in a time of 6m:49.49s in the process.  This was Ireland's first Gold medal in any Rowing World Championship event. O'Toole went on to compete in three Olympic Games.  In 1991 and 1994, O'Toole was presented with the Texaco All Star award. The 1990s brought in a total of five World Championship medals and several u/23 medals.

Regattas
Commercial Rowing Club has been strongly represented on the organizing committee for the Dublin Metropolitan Regatta (aka "Metro") since 1869.
Outside of Metro, Commercial also regularly hosts its own regatta and, by 2008, Commercial had hosted its 26th regatta. Initially the regatta was for women's events only, but men's events were added in 1986.

References

Rowing clubs in Ireland
Sports clubs and teams in Dublin (city)
1856 establishments in Ireland
Sports clubs and teams established in 1856


title: Pwll-coch

text:
Pwll-coch is an area part of the district of Canton in Cardiff, Wales. It was formerly a separate hamlet in the parish of Llandaff near Cardiff. It was located on the junction of Windway Road and the main road from Cardiff to Ely (the modern A4161 at Cowbridge Road East), a short distance from Ely Bridge.

Name
The name is from the Welsh 'pwll coch' which means 'red pool'. The 'Pwll Coch' was originally a pool in the river Ely that supposedly filled with blood following the Battle of St Fagans in 1648. Due to straightening of the river's course (the 'new cut') the pool no longer exists. Ysgol Gymraeg Pwll Coch, a Welsh-medium primary school in the nearby Leckwith district of Canton, is also named after the pool.

History
Until the late nineteenth century, Pwll-coch was part of the township of Ely. It was located on the western edge of Ely Common (formerly Llandaff Common), which roughly corresponds to the modern Victoria Park area of Canton. Pwll-coch was included in Canton when the latter was incorporated into Cardiff in 1875. The rest of Ely was not included within the city boundary until 1922.

People, commerce and industry
Until the middle of the nineteenth century, Pwll-coch consisted in the main of a farm, a public house (Tŷ Pwll Coch, which closed in 2012) and some cottages. There was also a workshop used by the Jonas family of Pwll-coch, who were well known as carpenters and wheelwrights. Elizabeth Jonas (1806–1865) was a noted businesswoman and supporter of Methodism in Ely and Cardiff. She married John Thomas (1804–1842), a brewer from across the river in Ely. After his early death she continued to operate the Castle Brewery in Cardiff for over twenty years (it was later taken over by Hancocks Brewery). She was a generous donor to the Welsh-speaking Methodist chapels in Ely and Cardiff. Elizabeth is buried with her husband and children at Llandaff Cathedral; the Jonas family tomb is close by.

In 1865 a paper mill opened on land between the old Pwll Coch pool on the river Ely and the hamlet of Pwll-coch. Located between the river and the South Wales Railway, the Ely Paper Company was liquidated in 1875 and taken over by Samuel Evans and Thomas Owen (uncle and half-brother of Liverpool businessman Owen Owen). Following Evans' death the company was reformed as Thomas Owen & Co. Paper manufacturing continued at the site until 2000. A large housing estate is currently being built on the old mill site.

During the 1870s Stephen Treseder (1834–1909) opened a nursery at Pwll-coch. Originally known as the Ely Road Nursery, it was later called Pwll Coch Nurseries. The nursery supplied plants for many local estates, including that of the Bute family at Cardiff Castle. The nursery also gave its name to the Pwll Coch Dahlia.

References

Districts of Cardiff


title: Frank H. Howard

text:
Frank H. Howard (before 1840 – disappeared August 6, 1896) was an American attorney who was president of the Los Angeles County Board of Education and a member of the Los Angeles City Library Board and a trustee of the county law library. He represented the city librarian when she sued a Methodist minister for slander over a prayer he had recited. Howard disappeared without a trace in 1896.

Personal
Howard was the son of Volney E. Howard, the first attorney general of the state of Texas in 1836. Frank Howard was graduated from Heidelberg University with a medical degree and then took up law to become an attorney. He was said to be a linguist "of no ordinary mark," having studied French, German, Spanish and classical languages.

He settled in Los Angeles, before 1865.

Vocation
In 1886 Howard was president of the Los Angeles County Board of Education, and in 1890 he was a Democratic candidate for Superior Court judge in Los Angeles.

In 1891 members of a library board newly appointed under provisions of a new Los Angeles city charter brought a suit against Howard and the other members of the existing board, which the newcomers wanted to supplant. Superior Court Judge Shaw ruled in favor of the defendants and so they were able to resume their positions as the "legal and duly-authorized officers" of the library. The decision was sustained by the California Supreme Court in March 1892.

Howard was also a trustee of the County Law Library, resigning from that post on July 21, 1892. He was president of the Los Angeles Bar Association in November 1893.

Howard was one of the attorneys representing city librarian Tessa L. Kelso, who had sued a Methodist minister, J. W. Campbell, for slander after he had called her out in a prayer from his pulpit on August 19, 1894, for having purchased a number of assertedly obscene French-language books, including Le Cadet by Jean Richepin. Campbell's prayer was: "Oh! Lord, vouchsafe thy saving grace to the librarian of the Los Angeles city library, and cleanse her of all sin and make her a woman worthy of her office."

Howard argued that "the law of slander was such that any statement of action tending to diminish the authority of anyone occupying an official position was actionable and that the acts complained of certainly tended to diminish the confidence of the public in his client as a public officer." In April 1895 a Superior Court judge ruled that the actions of the minister were not privileged, that "slander can be perpetuated in the form of a prayer" and that the action could proceed.

At about the same time, Howard was the chairman of a two-man committee that examined the policy of the library regarding the purchase of books and whether "our rules need amendment in any respect, either as to the censorship of books to be placed upon the shelves, or in the manner of distributing the same for use on the premises, or for home circulation."

Disappearance
On August 6, 1896, Howard left his house at 1043 South Hill Street, "telling his family that he was going on a business trip to San Bernardino and the desert. That day he was seen by a friend, standing on a street corner waiting for a streetcar." That was the last trace of him. A body was found on Mount Wilson the next month, raising an expectation that it was Howard's, but that identification was ruled out by Los Angeles County Coroner George W. Campbell.

Three years later, in October 1899, some members of the Bar Association met to reorganize the association after a lapse in meetings for the previous five years. A reorganization committee composed of Lucien Shaw, John D. Works and John S. Chapman noted that "Mr. Howard is not now a resident of the State."

See also
List of people who disappeared

References

1890s missing person cases
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century births
19th-century deaths
Los Angeles City Attorneys
Missing person cases in California
People declared dead in absentia
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Gunsmoke (season 10)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 10 aired in the United States on September 26, 1964, and the final episode aired on June 29, 1965.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 10 of Gunsmoke was the fourth season of one hour episodes filmed in black-and-white.  Seasons 1-6 were half-hour episodes, and color episodes were not filmed until season 12.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with deputy Festus Haggen (Ken Curtis); Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; and Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon. Blacksmith Quint Asper (Burt Reynolds) was added to the cast in season eight and remained until the end of season ten. When Dennis Weaver left the series during season nine, he was replaced by Ken Curtis as Festus Haggen, who became deputy to Marshall Dillon.

Cast and characters

Main

 James Arness as Matt Dillon
 Milburn Stone as Doc
 Ken Curtis as Festus
 Amanda Blake as Kitty
 Burt Reynolds as Quint Asper

Production

Season 10 consisted of 36 one hour black-and-white episodes produced by Norman Macdonnell (episodes 342–348, 350, 352, 361, 367) and Philip Leacock (episodes 349, 351, 353–360, 362–366, 368–377). Frank Paris was associate producer.

In this season, a new gunfight introduction is shown before the opening director/writer credits.  Episode 4, "The Violators", is the first time Matt's gunfight scene is superimposed in the end credits.

Writing
Storylines would occasionally be taken from real-life events, but not always accurately. In episode 19, "Chief Joseph", it is mentioned that Chief Joseph met Ulysses S. Grant in Washington, D.C., when in actuality, he arrived in Washington, D.C. in January 1879 and met with President Rutherford B. Hayes and Congress. The real Chief Joseph was 38 years-old at the time of the visit and not the old man portrayed in the episode.

The final episode of season 10, episode 36, "He Who Steals", was the last John Meston script for the series.

Production design
New sets were designed in season 10.  Episode 3, "Old Man", is the first time a trial is shown in an actual courtroom and not the Long Branch or Dodge House.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season ten aired Saturdays at 10:00-11:00 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The tenth season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in a two volume set on August 12, 2014.

Reception
Gunsmoke season 10 finished at number 27 in the Nielsen ratings.

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 10}}
 Gunsmoke season 10 at TV Guide''

Gunsmoke seasons


title: Pakistan Polo Association

text:
The Pakistan Polo Association (PPA) is the governing body of polo in Pakistan to promote and organise polo in Pakistan. The Association was formed in 1947 as successor of the Indian Polo Association. The Association is based in Islamabad.

It is affiliated with Federation of International Polo and Pakistan Sports Board.

PPA organizes various levels of Polo in Pakistan mainly 4 goals, 8 goals, and a highest up to 14 goals. Mainly PPA tournaments are held in three major cities of Pakistan : Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Lahore. The Lahore Polo Club (LPC), Lahore Garrison Polo Ground (LGPG), Jinnah Polo Fields (JPF) are host to 10-14 goal Polo while The Rawalpindi Garrison Polo Grounds (RGPG) and Islamabad Club Polo Ground (ICPG) hosts 4-8 goal Polo.
PPA also administers The Pakistan Polo Team. The Pakistan Polo Team has represented Pakistan in 4 World Polo Championships. Their first participation came in VII FIP World Polo Championship in Chantilly, France while their last representation came at the XII FIP World Polo Championship, 2022 held at The Palm Beaches, Florida, USA. Pakistan falls in Zone E of Federation of Indernational Polo along with Egypt, India, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Zimbabwe and Uzbekistan. Overall Pakistan lies in the top 10 Polo playing countries.
The Pakistan Team consists of Hamza Mawaz Khan (Captain), Raja Temur Nadeem, Raja Jalal Arsalan, Ahmed Ali Tiwana, Bilal Haye, Raja Mekayial Sami, Raja Samiullah, Brig(r) Bader-uz-Zaman (Team Coach) and Lt Col Ayaz Ahmed (Assistant Team Coach).

See also
Shandur - The highest polo ground on Earth

References

External links
 Official Website

Polo in Pakistan
Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
Polo governing bodies
Sports organizations established in 1947
1947 establishments in Pakistan


title: 1137 in Ireland

text:
Events from the year 1137 in Ireland.

Incumbents
High King: Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair

Events
 Church in Boyounagh burned
 Gilla Meic Liac mac Diarmata becomes Archbishop of Armagh


title: Chapa (surname)

text:
Chapa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Damian Chapa (born 1963), American actor
 Erick Chapa (21st century), Mexican actor
 María Ceseñas Chapa (born 1952), Mexican politician
 Miguel Ángel Granados Chapa (1941–2011), Mexican journalist
 Rudy Chapa (born 1957), American businessperson
 Tatiana Palacios Chapa (born 1968), Mexican American singer

See also

Chara (given name)


title: Crash My Ride

text:
Crash My Ride is a six-track EP from the alternative rock band Stagecoach released in 2010.

The track "Axe Behind My Back" was used in the trailer for the film Killing Bono.

Track listing

Personnel

 Luke Barham - rhythm guitar, lead vocals
 Nick Tanner - lead guitar
 John Harrington - bass guitar, backing vocals
 Tom 'Chop' Lewis - mandolin, synthesizer, backing vocals
 Matt Emery - drums, percussion, backing vocals

References

2010 EPs
Alcopop! Records EPs


title: Antonio Provolo Institute for the Deaf

text:
Antonio Provolo Institute for the Deaf () is a Catholic school for deaf children in Verona, Italy.

The school was founded in 1830 by a priest, Antonio Provolo.

Catholic sexual abuse scandal

This school is one among many where former students recently made claims that they were abused for years by the schools priests.  Two priests, Fr. Nicola Corradi and Fr. Horacio Corbacho, and three other employees were arrested in Argentina in 2016 for abuse of children at one of the institute's schools in Mendoza, Argentina. Corradi first faced accusations of committing sex abuse at the Verona campus in 2009 and was flagged by the Diocese of Verona in 2011 following months of hearings. On May 6, 2017, Argentine authorities charged Japanese nun Sr. Kosako Kumiko with abusing children at the very same Argentine school as well, and also for covering up sex abuse committed by the other two priests. On June 15, 2019, it was announced that the two priests will stand trial on August 5, 2019. However, the trial took place in Argentina, where they were jailed after being accused of sexually abusing 22 children at the Argentine school.

On November 25, 2019. both Corradi and Carbacho were convicted. Also convicted was one of the schools former gardeners. Both Corradi and Carbacho received prison sentences of more than 40 years, with Corradi receiving 42 years and Carbacho receiving 45 years. The gardener, Armando Gómez, was jailed for 18 years. Apart from Gómez, several other school staff, including Kumiko, have been jailed for complicity since the abuse allegations surfaced in 2016. At the time of the conviction, Kumiko was still being held in prison, but had yet to start trial.

References

Schools for the deaf in Italy
Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals in Italy
Sexual abuse scandals in Catholic orders and societies


title: Chapa (given name)

text:
Chapa is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Chapa Herrera (born 1996), American soccer player
 Linda Chapa LaVia (born 1966), American politician
 Nora Chapa Mendoza (born 1932), American artist

See also

Chara (given name)

Feminine given names


title: A Change of Heart (film)

text:
A Change of Heart is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Kenny Ortega and starring Jim Belushi, Virginia Madsen, Kathy Najimy, Eduardo Yáñez, Gloria Estefan and William Levy.

Plot
Discouraged with cards that life has dealt him, Hank (Jim Belushi) is a man whose circumstances have steered him to fear change, but his town is adhering less to traditional white man and wife partnerships of which he is comfortable. After suffering a heart attack, Hank's life is saved by a transplant from a Puerto Rican drag queen. What will Hank do? Embrace a diverse society or continue to fear change? Tackling sensitive issues that need to be addressed in today's society, A Change of Heart is a feel-good movie that reminds us that even the most stubborn and hardened souls among us can still change and learn to let love in.

Cast
Jim Belushi as Hank
Virginia Madsen as Deena
Kathy Najimy as Ruthie
Aimee Teegarden as Josie
Cody Horn as Teddy
Dawn Olivieri as Laurie
Eduardo Yáñez as Cousin David
Gloria Estefan as Dr. Farjado
William Levy as Carlos
Mauricio Sanchez as Corky
Roberto Escobar as Tio Ruben

Production
The film was shot in Miami.

Release
A Change of Heart premiered on March 10, 2017, at the Miami International Film Festival.  It premiered in Europe at the 2017 Parool Film Fest in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.  It has never been released theatrically or on home video/streaming.

References

External links

American comedy films
Films about racism in the United States
Films directed by Kenny Ortega
Films shot in Miami
2017 comedy films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
English-language comedy films


title: Ranger (file manager)

text:
ranger is a free and open-source file manager with text-based user interface for Unix-like systems. It is developed by Roman Zimbelmann and licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The program can accomplish file management tasks with a few keystrokes, and mouse input is optional. In conjunction with extensions including the rifle file opener and scope.sh, ranger can be scripted to open files with pre-defined programs, and to display a preview of the selected file by calling external programs.

Features
 UTF-8 support
 Multi-column display (Miller columns)
 Preview of the selected file/directory
 Common file operations (create/chmod/copy/delete/...)
 VI-like console and hotkeys
 Renaming multiple files at once
 Automatically determine file types and run them with correct programs
 Integration with External Programs
 Shell directory changing after exit
 Tabs, bookmarks and mouse support
 True-color image previews
 Video thumbnails

Design
ranger is written in Python and the text-based interface uses ncurses. The program makes use of the Miller columns visualization technique to display folder structures in three columns, whose default width ratios are 1:3:4. The currently active folder is always displayed in the central column, while folders higher up in the hierarchy are on the left. The rightmost column is used for displaying deeper folders and file previews.

Configuration
ranger borrows its keybindings from vi where possible, but also accepts mouse buttons and shares a few keybindings with GNU Readline and Midnight Commander. All configurable keybindings are defined in the  configuration file, which is located in  by default.

Comparison with other file managers
Due to its use of the Miller columns layout, ranger has been compared to Finder, the default file manager used on the classic Mac OS and macOS operating systems. It has also been suggested as a viable alternative to users accustomed to Directory Opus. ranger shares similarities with other text-based file managers including Midnight Commander, from which it borrowed its function key keyboard shortcuts, and with , which also borrows features from vi and Mutt. In addition, most core utilities related to file management (cd, ls, rm, mv, ln, touch, etc.) are available from within ranger's distinct command language layer.
File browser with a similar text user interface include rover and nnn.

Reception
A 2012 survey among Arch Linux users found that ranger was the most used text-based file manager among respondents, surpassing Midnight Commander, the second most widely used text-based file manager, by a factor of two and a half (20% to 8%). ranger also received 0.9% of votes in the "Best File Manager" category in a 2013 survey by Linux Journal. LinuxLinks named it one of the "10 Best Orthodox Free Linux File Managers", and one of its "5 Top Console Linux File Managers". It is often cited in magazine articles and software blogs for power users as an illustration of the power and versatility of the command line interface.

See also

 Midnight Commander
 List of file managers
 Comparison of file managers

References

External links

Documentation

Free software programmed in Python
Free file managers
Free software that uses ncurses
Console applications
Linux software


title: 2014 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles

text:
Nicolas Mahut and Édouard Roger-Vasselin were the defending champions, but Roger-Vasselin chose not to participate.  Mahut played alongside Sergiy Stakhovsky, but lost in the semifinals to Jonathan Erlich and Rajeev Ram.
Chris Guccione and Lleyton Hewitt won the title, defeating Erlich and Ram in the final, 7–5, 6–4.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

Hall of Fame Tennis Championships - Doubles


title: Tin Sontsia

text:
Tin Sontsia (, sometimes literal translation Sun Shadow is used) is a Ukrainian folk metal band from Kyiv, although their music contains elements of symphonic metal, as well. Primarily the band's style was close to alternative rock, but in 2003 they have come to a so-called "Cossack rock". Almost all of the lyrics are in Ukrainian except couple of Belarusian songs. The band has taken part in number of festivals the biggest of which are Basovišča and Zakhid. They are known to tour extensively and to support Ukrainian soldiers fighting at the ATO zone. Their song "Kozaky" was the unofficial hymn of the Ukraine national football team during the UEFA Euro 2016 cup. The same song serves as the intro for professional boxer Oleksandr Usyk.

Members

Current members
 Serhiy Vasyliuk (lead vocal, acoustic guitar)
 Ivan Luzan (bandura)
 Mykola Luzan (guitar, singing)
 Volodymyr Khavruk (drums)
 Ruslan Mikaelyan (guitar)
 Ivan Hryhoriak (bass)

Discography
Albums
  2002 - Святість Віри (Holiness the Faith, Sviatist Viry, Demo)
  2005 - За Межею (Beyond the Bound, Za Mezheiu, Demo)
  2005 - Над Диким Полем (Above the Wild Field, Nad Dykym Polem)
  2007 - Полум'яна Рута (Flaming Rue, Polumiana Ruta)
  2011 - Танець Серця (Dance of the Heart, Tanets Sertsia)
  2014 - Грім В Ковальні Бога (Thunder In The Blacksmith Of God, Hrim V Kovalni Boha)
  2016 - Буремний Край (Rebellious Land, Buremnyi Krai)
  2018 - Зачарований Світ (Enchanted World, Zacharovanyi Svit)
  2020 - На Небесних Конях (On Heveanly Horses, Na Nebesnykh Koniakh)

Side and solo projects
  2005 - Зачарований Світ (Enchanted World, Zacharovanyi Svit)
  2010 - Сховане обличчя (Hidden Face, Skhovane Oblychchia)

References

External links

 Last.fm

 Interview with Serhiy Vasylyuk on "Radio Liberty Ukraine"
 Interview with Serhiy Vasylyuk in "Ukrayina Moloda"

Ukrainian folk metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1999
1999 establishments in Ukraine
Musical groups from Kyiv