title: Maple Beach

text:
Maple Beach may refer to the following places:

in the United States:
 Maple Beach, Pennsylvania
 Maple Beach, Washington
 Maple Beach, Wisconsin

in Canada:
 Maple Beach, Ontario


title: Hassan Aboud

text:
Hassan Abboud (), also known under his nom de guerre Abu Abdullah al-Hamawi, was one of the founders of Ahrar al-Sham and was part of its leadership until his death in September 2014.

Background
German periodical Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung describes him as "one of the most important heads of the Syrian opposition against the government in Damascus".

Biography
He was born in 1979 in Hama.

He was imprisoned in Sednaya Prison for four years between 2007 and 2011 until he was released as part of an amnesty following the commencement of uprisings in Syria.

He served as the head of the political council in the rebel union Islamic Front.

In December 2013, he gave an interview to Al Jazeera's Sami Zeidan, in which he discussed his organisation's objectives and Syria's future. He stated that his group's ultimate aim was to establish an Islamic state in Syria, which represented the long suppressed aspiration of the Syrian people. Concerning the Geneva peace talks he stated that it did not represent his group, which had not participated therein, and that they viewed it as a plot to derail the Syrian Revolution from its objectives.

Death
On 9 September 2014 he was killed along with 45 other rebel leaders in a bomb attack that targeted a secret meeting in an underground hideaway in Ram Hamdan, rural Northern Idlib. There are controversies around the nature and the perpetrators of the attack. Based on witnesses of the dead corpses, a sophisticated gas attack is suggested. Whereas some people mention a suicide bomber. The Islamic State (ISIL) has been forwarded responsible for the attack; however, some circles suggest the involvement of the United Arab Emirates. Others have speculated that his death may have been an accident in a weapons workshop in the complex he was in, or possible involvement from Western intelligence agencies, or that the attack was carried out by a rebel rival of Ahrar al-Sham.

References

People of the Syrian civil war
2014 deaths
People from Hama
1979 births


title: Dad Is Back

text:
Dad Is Back () is a Chinese reality-variety show that airs on ZRTG's Zhejiang Television, starring former Taiwanese boy band Fahrenheit member Wu Chun, film producer and president of Huayi Brothers film production company Zhong Lei Wang, actor Jia Nailiang, and former national gymnast Li Xiapeng. The show began airing on April 24, 2014, Thursday nights at 10:00 PM Beijing Time with 12 episodes total.

Synopsis
Celebrity dads are left to care for their kids alone for 48 hours without the help of anyone, while their wives leaves the home.

Development
The show is adapted from South Korean reality show The Return of Superman, about celebrity dads taking care of their real-life children, without their wives, on their own for 48 hours. The production team from Dad Is Back collaborated with the Korean production team from The Return of Superman on the show. To avoid plagiarism rumors, the Chinese title was renamed instead of following the Korean title.

Format
The show is filmed with multiple cameras set up in the celebrities home. Unlike the Korean version, on early episodes cameraman's are clearly visible and not hidden in tents or playhouses. Starting from episode 5 tents and playhouses are used to hide the cameraman's presence in the dads home. Filming takes place at each of the celebrities actual home or work place. Family and friends of the celebrity dads will occasionally show up in each episode. Also unlike its Korean counterpart there is no narrator, a recorded track of a child's voice saying "Daddy" is played when one segment is shown to the next.

Cast

Current cast

Former cast

: Wang Zhong Lei has an older daughter who does not appear on the show.
: Wu Chun has a younger son born in late 2013 named Max that does not appear on the show, but he is often mentioned in conversations between Wu Chun and his daughter Nei Nei on the show.
: Wu Chun's wife Lin Li Ying is the only mother/wife not to appear on the show but her voice can be heard on phone conversions between her, Wu Chun and Nei Nei.
: Wu Chun and his family residence is in Brunei, but his work is based in Taipei, Taiwan.
: Li Xiaopeng wife Angel, who was raised in the United States, can speak English and Chinese.

Episodes

Season 1 (2014)

Season 2 (2015)

Sponsors
HaoCaiTou is the main sponsor of the show. Their Xiao Yang yogurt drink product logo is intertwined on the top right of the shows logo. The product and logo is prominently displayed throughout each episode. Also the kids on the show are seen consuming the product.

HaoCaiTou Xiao Yang yogurt drink
Baojun 610 car
LUOLAI HOME TEXTILE CO., LTD.
ABC Kids 因为爱
OSM skincare
weibo.com
LeTV.com

Controversies
Wu Chun and his daughter Nei Nei participation on the show was highly anticipated by audiences as viewers wanted to see how Nei Nei looked since Wu Chun had controversially admitted to being married and father of a child in October 2013 after years of denying he had a wife and daughter.
Viewers were appalled by Nei Nei's shower scene in episode 1. They questioned Wu Chun's parenting methods, complaining how he could strip his daughter naked in front of a camera crew since she was no longer considered a toddler.
Viewers were shocked by Jia Nailiang and his daughter Tian Xin taking a bath together. They complained about the scene that happened in episode 1 where Jia Nailiang, wearing skimpy shorts climbed into a bathtub together with his fully nude 1-year-old daughter to take a bubble bath together.

See also
The Return of Superman (TV series)

References

External links
Dad Is Back official website
LETV page
weibo page
tv.sohu page
tv.sohu page
baidu forum page
tudou page
sogou page

Chinese reality television series
2014 Chinese television series debuts
Chinese television series based on South Korean television series


title: James Crosbie (Kerry politician)

text:
James Crosbie ( – 20 September 1836) was an Irish politician from County Kerry.

Crosbie was the oldest son of Pierce Crosbie, from Ballyheigue, County Kerry, and his wife Frances, daughter of Rowland Bateman of Oak Park, County Carlow.  He was educated in England at Harrow School, and in 1785 he married his cousin Elizabeth née Bateman. They had 4 sons and 2 daughters.

He was High Sheriff of County Kerry in 1792.
In 1798 he was elected to the House of Commons of Ireland for both the borough of Tralee and for County Kerry, but chose to sit for the county seat.
His election had been organised by his cousin John Crosbie, 2nd Earl of Glandore, whose continued support ensured his return to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. However he ran out of money and fell out with Glandore, and with neither patronage nor money he was unable to contest the 1806 general election.

A legacy and the support of Lord Ventry secured his re-election in 1812, and he held the seat until 1826. On the death of John Crosbie, 2nd Earl of Glandore he was able to obtain the coveted post of Custos Rotulorum of Kerry, which he held until his own death in 1836.

References

External links

1760 births
Year of birth uncertain
1836 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Politicians from County Kerry
Irish MPs 1798–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kerry constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1812–1818
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
High Sheriffs of Kerry
James
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Kerry constituencies


title: Vortis (band)

text:
Vortis is an American indie punk band established in 2000, whose members initially included Michael A. Weinstein, the band's frontman and a professor of political science at Purdue University, as well as well-known music critic Jim DeRogatis (who remains the band's drummer). The band was named after the Vorticist movement of the early 20th-century, a group of artists and writers whose basic tenet was the "perpetuate violent structures of adolescent clarity" throughout life. (As DeRogatis puts it, "To live with the lust for life of a teenager, no matter what age you are--a great definition of rock 'n' roll half a century before it happened.") The group (completed by guitarist Tony Tavano, aka G Haad,  and bassist Chris Martiano, aka Johnny Los, who replaced early member Randy Kertz) initially released two albums with Weinstein, pairing its music to his lyrics: Take the System Down, and God Won't Bless America, both on the independent Thick Records. Several other independent recordings followed with Weinstein before he left the group in 2009; he died at age 73 in 2015 but the group continues as a trio.

Reception
Their sound has been described as eclectic, and they have been compared to the Dead Kennedys, Wire and the Butthole Surfers. In particular, some critics have drawn comparisons between Weinstein's demeanor in live performances to Jello Biafra's persona. John Petkovic of the Cleveland Plain Dealer described the sound of God Won't Bless America as "a mix of both - music and cheerleading, that is." The Columbus Dispatch said that "Musically, they fall into the netherlands where metal, 'Oi' punk, hard core and Mr. Bungle tread". Monica Kendrick of the Chicago Reader wrote of the 2005 album "Warzone" that it is "mean, tight, righteously pissed, and full of hooky, nasty sloganeering choruses--and if you're like me you might relish the frisson of hearing yourself chanting them. Of the current trio, the Webzine Razorcake wrote, ""The brevity of the Ramones, with an occasional Big Black abrasiveness, and the aggressiveness of Dead Boys."

History
Weinstein joined Vortis in 2000 when his wife introduced him to several musicians several decades his juniors from Chicago. Weinstein also went by the stage name "Fellow Traveler" when performing with Vortis, though the band and many fans affectionately referred to him as "the Professor." The group released its debut album, Take the System Down, on Thick Records in 2002, followed by God Won't Bless America the following year, also on Thick Records.

The group continued for some time as a quartet after Weinstein left the band, with Louie Calvano joining and alternating on guitar and bass with Martiniano. Several more indie recordings followed, then Martiniano left as well to pursue his scholarly studies of William Blake, and the band has been a trio ever since, with Tavano, DeRogatis, and Calvano gigging frequently in and around Chicago. Most of the songs are now written as a group, maintaining the political and sociological edge inspired by Weinstein, but with a short, sharp aesthetic that owes a debt to Wire and Chicago punk avatars such as Naked Raygun, as well as Hüsker Dü. The band's latest album was released by the vinyl-only Cavetone Records label. in Spring 2019. This Machine Kills Fascists is also streaming on Spotify, Bandcamp, and iTunes, and in addition to the title's nod to Woody Guthrie and a reinterpretation of a song he wrote about Fred Trump, lyrics reference and draw inspiration from George Orwell and Bill McKibben.

Vortis also released a split 7-inch in 2011 entitled "Things Won't Get Better", with the Cathy Santonies.

Discography
Take the System Down (Thick, 2002)
God Won't Bless America (Thick, 2003)
Warzone (self-released, 2005)
Vortis (self-released, 2009)
Things Won’t Get Better (split 7-inch with the Cathy Santonies, 2011)
Modern Savage (self-released, 2013)
Safety First (self-released, 2014)
This Machine Kills Fascists (Cavetone Records, 2019)

References

Thick Records artists
Musical groups from Chicago
Punk rock groups from Illinois
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in Illinois


title: Carlos Tiscareño

text:
Carlos Noel Tiscareño Rodríguez (born 21 September 1974) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Jalisco.

References

1974 births
Living people
Politicians from Guadalajara, Jalisco
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Jalisco


title: Allegro Grandi

text:
Allegro Grandi (17 January 1907 – 23 April 1973) was an Italian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Grandi committed suicide in his bicycle shop in Caracas in 1973.

References

External links

1907 births
1973 suicides
1973 deaths
Italian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Italy
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Bologna
Italian emigrants to Venezuela
Suicides in Venezuela
Deaths in Caracas


title: Edgar Torres Baltazar

text:
Edgar Torres Baltazar (born 25 July 1965) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District.

References

1965 births
Living people
Politicians from Mexico City
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Mexico City


title: Adele Schopenhauer

text:
Luise Adelaide Lavinia Schopenhauer, known as Adele Schopenhauer (12 July 1797 – 25 August 1849), was a German author. She was the sister of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer and daughter of author Johanna Schopenhauer. Henriette Sommer and Adrian van der Venne were pseudonyms used by her.

Life and work

Adele Schopenhauer was born in Hamburg to Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, a businessman, and his wife Johanna. She grew up in Weimar under the influence of a circle of artists and scholars who gathered in the literary salon run by her mother, but she received no formal education. She was highly gifted and engaged in literature and poetry. She not only wrote fairy tales, poems, and novels, but was also a talented papercut artist. Both her papercuts and her literary contributions have been recognized and appreciated, especially in the English-speaking world. She was sociable and likable, but her love interests were unrequited, and she never married.

Loss of assets in 1819

In May 1819, the Danzig banking house Muhl collapsed. Johanna and Adele Schopenhauer had deposited all the money they had inherited upon Heinrich Schopenhauer's death in 1805 in that bank, and thus lost a large part of their assets when the bank collapsed. Arthur Schopenhauer had wisely left only one-third of his assets in Muhl and was not willing to engage in a settlement with Muhl. This incident led to a further deterioration of the relationship between the two women and Arthur, because they repeatedly sent him letters, in vain, asking him to approve the settlement. The further development of the lawsuit proved Arthur right. Mother and daughter settled on an agreement with a 70% loss and lost most of their wealth. Arthur, however, waited and refused to cash in his promissory notes. Muhl, who was considered a shrewd tactician, tried till the end to get Arthur to agree to a settlement with the generous offer of a 70% asset return plus a flock of sheep. But when Muhl recovered financially and again became solvent, Arthur was able to get his entire money back some years later.

A close friend of Goethe's daughter-in-law Ottilie (de), Adele Schopenhauer often visited Goethe's house in Weimar. She was known to have called Goethe "father", and he praised her abilities.

This loss of wealth was not without drastic consequences.  Although Johanna could make some earnings through her writing career and Adele retained some residual assets because she was protected in part by her immaturity, the lifestyle of the Schopenhauer women in the 1820s was very different from that of earlier years. This is also apparent from a letter Adele wrote 17 years after the loss, in which she speaks of "false prosperity".

Move to Bonn

Due to the change of circumstances in Weimar and their unfavorable financial situation, the standing of the Schopenhauers in Weimar apparently dropped. Adele was able, in 1828, to persuade her mother Johanna to move to Bonn. They could not initially afford to live year-round in Bonn, so they temporarily moved to Unkel, a cheaper city.  In Bonn, Adele was a close friend of Annette von Droste-Hülshoff and of Sibylle Mertens-Schaaffhausen.

After her mother's death in 1838, Schopenhauer travelled a lot, mostly to Italy, until she finally returned to Bonn, seriously ill, where she died in 1849 and was buried on Goethe's 100th birthday. Her friend Sibylle Mertens-Schaaffhausen made a touching epitaph in Italian. Four days after Schopenhauer's funeral, Mertens-Schaaffhausen held a private memorial service, following a pattern from classical antiquity, in her garden on Wilhelmstraße. Adele Schopenhauer's grave is located in the old cemetery in Bonn.

Literary works

 Anna. Ein Roman aus der nächsten Vergangenheit [Anna: A novel from the most recent past]. Parts 1–2. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1845.
 Eine dänische Geschichte [A Danish story], Braunschweig: Westermann, 1848.
 Gedichte und Scherenschnitte [Poems and silhouettes]. 2 volumes. Edited by H. H. Houben and Hans Wahl. Leipzig: Klinkhardt, 1920.
 Volume 1: Poetry
 Volume 2: Papercuts
 Haus-, Wald- und Feenmärchen [Fairy tales of the home, the forest, and of fairies]. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1844.
 Tagebuch einer Einsamen [Diary of a lonely one]. Edited, and with an introduction, by H. H. Houben. With silhouettes of the author and an appendix by Rahel E. Feilchenfeldt-Steiner; Munich: Matthes & Seits Verlag, 1985.
 Florenz. Ein Reiseführer mit Anekdoten und Erzählungen [Florence: A guide with anecdotes and stories]; 1847/48. Edited by Waltraud Maierhofer. Weimar: VDG, 2007.
 Vom-Niederrhein [From the lower Rhine]. Edited by Ulrich Bornemann. Calendar for the Kleverland for the year 2009. Kleve 2008, pages 99–117.

Papercut art

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Full text of poems by Adele Schopenhauer
 Christa Bürger: Die Erotomanin, die sich nicht traut: Das gescheiterte Leben Adele Schopenhauers ("The erotomaniac who doesn't dare: The failed life of Adele Schopenhauer"), Transcript of segment aired on 9 June 2013 as part of the program Essay und Diskurs ("Essay and discourse") on Deutschlandfunk

1797 births
1849 deaths
19th-century German poets
Arthur Schopenhauer
19th-century German women writers
Writers from Hamburg
Writers from Weimar
Writers from Bonn
19th-century German novelists
German women poets
German women novelists
19th-century pseudonymous writers
Pseudonymous women writers


title: Hub Group

text:
Hub Group is a transportation and logistics management company in North America. A publicly traded company with over $5 billion in revenue, Hub Group was founded in 1971 by Phillip Yeager, and is currently run by his grandson, Phillip D. Yeager.  The company went public in 1996, and is headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois.

History

In 1971, Phillip and Joyce Yeager founded Hub Group (then known as Hub City Terminals) in Hinsdale, Illinois. The company was started with $10,000 and was located in a windowless, one-room office above a flower shop. The 43-year-old Phillip Yeager quit his job at the Pennsylvania Railroad, where he had worked for 19 years, to create Hub Group. At the time of its formation, Hub City Terminals worked as a shipper's agent, which was an intermediary that booked intermodal transportation with railroads.

In 1975, Yeager and his wife set up a series of S corporations to expand their business. Each office operated separately and had its own profit-and-loss center. Hub City Terminals was renamed Hub Group in 1985.

In 1995, Phillip Yeager’s son, David Yeager, became chief executive officer of Hub Group. He had been with the company since 1975, when he opened the company's Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania regional office. David Yeager became co-chairman of the company in 1992.

In 1996, Hub Group held an initial public offering. A year later, the company became the first intermodal marketing company to top $1 billion in yearly revenue. Hub Group had 34 regional offices by 1998, when the company borrowed $100 million to begin purchasing all outstanding minority interests in the company's regional offices.

The company moved from a geography-based operation with multiple regional offices to a centralized operation with a single profit-and-loss center headquartered in Lombard, Illinois in 2004. The reorganization effort allowed Hub Group to compete as a single network.

Mark Yeager was appointed president and chief operating officer in April 2005. Mark Yeager had joined Hub Group in 1992 and served as president of the company's field operations immediately prior to his appointment.

Hub Group acquired Memphis, Tennessee-based drayage company Comtrak Logistics for $48 million in 2006. The two companies had worked together for over 20 years by the time of the acquisition. The deal included Comtrak's client lists and proprietary transportation tracking software.

Hub Group founder and chairman Phillip Yeager died in October 2008 from complications following a heart attack. Yeager was 80 years old. Company CEO David Yeager became chairman of Hub Group in November 2008.

In 2017, Hub Group acquired Estenson Logistics, a national provider of dedicated trucking with nearly 100 operating sites for around $306 million. As a part of the acquisition, the name was retired and now operates under the Hub Group brand.

In 2018, Hub Group sold its Mode Transportation subsidiary and acquired CaseStack Logistics, a consolidation and warehousing provider that predominantly operates in the consumer packaged goods and retail space, for $225 million. CaseStack now operates under a product of Hub Group called CaseStack Retail Supplier Solutions.

In 2020, Hub Group acquired NonstopDelivery, LLC (NSD) for $94.5 million. Founded in 2000, NSD’s delivery network includes over 170 agent locations, which enables service to all U.S. zip codes.

In 2021, Hub Group acquired Preston, MD-based Choptank Transport for $130 million cash-on-hand. Founded in 2003, Choptank has a carrier network of over 200,000 carriers who specialize in refrigerated and frozen transportation.

In 2022, Hub Group acquired TAGG Logistics for $103 million cash on hand. Founded in 2006, TAGG provides ECommerce and Omnichannel fulfillment with over 23 fulfillment locations.

References

Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
Transport companies established in 1971
Oak Brook, Illinois
Logistics companies of the United States
1971 establishments in Illinois
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
1996 initial public offerings
1971 establishments in the United States
Business services companies established in 1971
Transportation companies based in Illinois


title: List of North American countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

text:
This is a list of North American nations ranked by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in nominal terms, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates. The figures provided are 2019 estimates from the IMF

See also
 List of North American countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
 Economic growth
 Economic reports

References

North America
North America
GDP
GDP
GDP


title: Saining

text:
Saining is a Scots word for blessing, protecting, or consecrating. Sain is cognate with the Irish and Scottish Gaelic seun and sian and the Old Irish sén - "a protective charm."

Practice
Traditional saining rites usually involve the use of water and smoke, accompanied by ritual gestures and spoken or sung poetry and prayers. Water that has been blessed in some fashion is sprinkled, or used for anointing. Fumigation is usually done with the smoke from large branches of burning juniper, either outdoors on a bonfire, or in a large vessel like a cauldron, resulting in massive amounts of smoke. While the ceremonial gestures can vary by spiritual or religious tradition, the prayers and poetry are usually traditional pieces in Gaelic. Saining a household with copious amounts of the smoke of burning juniper was traditionally used in healing rites, where the evil eye has been suspected to be the cause of the illness, but it apparently fell out of use by the end of the 19th century after a young girl with respiratory problems suffocated due to the amount of smoke that filled the house.

Saining can also refer to less formal customs like making religious signs to protect against evil, such as the sign of the cross. In Shetland, the Scottish folklorist F. Marian McNeil also refers to the custom of making the sign of Thor's hammer to sain the goblet that was passed around at New Year's celebrations.

Saining is a common practice in more modern traditions based on Scottish folklore, such as blessing and protecting children and other family members. While many of the surviving saining prayers and charms are Christian in nature, other traditional pieces that focus on the spirits and powers of nature are used as part of Gaelic Polytheist ceremonies.

During Hogmanay
An old Hogmanay (New Year's) custom in the Highlands of Scotland, which has survived to a small extent and seen some degree of revival, is to celebrate Hogmanay with the saining of the household and livestock. Early on New Year's morning, householders drink and then sprinkle 'magic water' from 'a dead and living ford' around the house (a 'dead and living ford' refers to a river ford that is routinely crossed by both the living and the dead). After the sprinkling of the water in every room, on the beds and all the inhabitants, the house is sealed up tight and branches of juniper are set on fire and carried throughout the house and byre. The juniper smoke is allowed to thoroughly fumigate the buildings until it causes sneezing and coughing among the inhabitants. Then all the doors and windows are flung open to let in the cold, fresh air of the new year. The woman of the house then administers 'a restorative' from the whisky bottle, and the household sits down to its New Year breakfast.

References

External links

Scottish folklore
Scottish traditions


title: Mike Papi

text:
Michael Joseph Papi (born September 19, 1992) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Papi attended the University of Virginia, where he played college baseball for the Virginia Cavaliers. In his collegiate career, he was named an All-American. He played professionally in the Cleveland Indians organization.

Career
Papi attended Tunkhannock Area High School in Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania. He played for the school's baseball team, competing in the Wyoming Valley Conference. With Tunkhannock, Papi was a member of two consecutive district champions, and his 2011 team reached the state championship. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim selected Papi in the 30th round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft, but he opted not to sign with the Angels.

Papi enrolled at the University of Virginia, and played college baseball for the Virginia Cavaliers baseball team. In 2013, his sophomore year, Papi led the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) with a .381 batting average. Papi was selected to the First All-ACC team and was named an All-American by the American Baseball Coaches Association and Baseball America. He was named a preseason All-American by the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association in 2014.

Cleveland Indians
The Cleveland Indians selected Papi with the 38th overall selection of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. Papi signed with the Indians, receiving a $1.25 million signing bonus, and made his professional debut with the Low-A Mahoning Valley Scrappers. After two games with Mahoning Valley, the Indians promoted Papi to the Single-A Lake County Captains. He got off to a slow start with Lake County, and finished the Lake County season with a .178 batting average. Papi was assigned to the High-A Lynchburg Hillcats in 2015 and spent the whole season there,
posting a .236 batting average with four home runs and 45 RBIs. He began the 2016 season with Lynchburg and was promoted to the Double-A Akron RubberDucks in June. Papi ended 2016 with a combined .231 batting average, 15 home runs and 58 RBIs in 118 games between both teams. In 2017, he played for both Akron and the Triple-A Columbus Clippers, batting a combined .258 with 12 home runs and 55 RBIs in 124 games between both clubs. He spent the 2018 season with the Clippers, hitting .247 with seven home runs and 26 RBIs in 83 games.

In 2019, Papi appeared in only 27 games for Triple-A Columbus, batting .202/.290/.250 with no home runs and 10 RBI. He did not play in a game for the organization in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Papi was released by the Indians on May 29, 2020.

Gastonia Honey Hunters
On May 21, 2021, Papi signed with the Gastonia Honey Hunters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. Papi played in 79 games for Gastonia, hitting .243/.327/.462 with 14 home runs, 60 RBI, and 8 stolen bases. He became a free agent following the season.

Post-playing career
In 2023, Papi returned to the University of Virginia to earn his bachelor's degree.

See also
2013 College Baseball All-America Team

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
People from Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Baseball outfielders
Virginia Cavaliers baseball players
All-American college baseball players
Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Lake County Captains players
Lynchburg Hillcats players
Akron RubberDucks players
Columbus Clippers players


title: Arjun (name)

text:
Arjun () is an Indian male given name, which means lustrous, shiny white (as that of silver), color of the lightning; of the milk; of  silver; made  of  silver. It is also the name of the Arjun tree due to its silvery bark; Name of lndra, and of the third of the Pandava prince (who was a son of Indra and Kunti)

Notable persons with the name

Legendary
Arjuna, a character of the Mahabharata
Kartavirya Arjuna, a character of the Mahabharata and Ramayana
Guru Arjun, the 5th Sikh Guru of the Sikh faith

Rulers
 Arjuna Varman I, Paramara king of central India
 Arjuna Varman II, Paramara king of central India
 Arjuna, a Paratarajas ruler of Baluchistan area (c. 150–160 CE)

Actors
Arjun (Firoz Khan), Indian actor, born as Firoz Khan, who played the role of Arjuna in B. R. Chopra's TV series Mahabharat
Arjun Bijlani, Indian television actor and model
Arjun Kapoor, Indian movie actor
 Arjun Punj, Indian television actor
Arjun Rampal, Indian fashion model and movie actor
Arjun Sarja, Indian movie actor
Allu Arjun, Indian actor of Telugu films
Sara Arjun, Indian child actress

Sports

 Arjun Atwal, professional golfer
 Arjun Erigaisi, Indian chess grandmaster
 Arjun Nair, Australian cricketer
 Arjun Naidu, former Indian First Class cricketer
 Arjuna Ranatunga, former Sri Lankan cricketer, now a politician
 Arjun Yadav, former Indian First Class cricketer

Others
Arjun (singer) (Arjun Coomaraswamy), British-Sri Lankan singer-songwriter and producer
Arjun Appadurai, Indian-American social theorist
Arjun Janya, Indian film score and soundtrack composer and singer
Arjun Munda, chief minister of the Indian state of Jharkhand
Arjun Kanungo, Indian singer

See also
 Arjun (disambiguation)
 Arjun Gupta (disambiguation)

References

Indian masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: The Last Bohemian (1931 film)

text:
The Last Bohemian () is a 1931 Czech biographical film about Jaroslav Hašek directed by Svatopluk Innemann.

Cast
Saša Rašilov as Jaroslav Hašek
Radola Renský as Ríša Hašek
František Havel as Ríša's grandfather
František Sauer as Secret policeman Firnádl
Jan Richter as Dog salesman Alois Kvíčala
Theodor Pištěk as Landowner Ludvík Pazdera
Zdenka Hatláková as Pazdera's wife
Vladimír Beztahovský as Otakar Pazdera
Truda Grosslichtová as Otakar's governess
Anna Švarcová as Pazdera's mother in law

Reception
Premiere was held in Fenix and Metro cinemas in Prague. The film received mixed reviews.

References

External links

Czech biographical films
1930s biographical films
Biographical films about writers
Czechoslovak black-and-white films
Jaroslav Hašek
1930s Czech films


title: Kristiyan Katsarev

text:
Kristiyan Katsarev (; born 7 August 1995) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

Career
In July 2017, Katsarev joined Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa.

In June 2018, he moved to Tsarsko Selo.

Club statistics

Club

References

External links

Living people
1995 births
Footballers from Plovdiv
Bulgarian men's footballers
Bulgaria men's youth international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
FC Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa players
FC Tsarsko Selo Sofia players
FC Vereya players
FC Vitosha Bistritsa players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players


title: Enrique Torres Cuadros

text:
Enrique Torres Cuadros (born 26 July 1957) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Michoacán.

References

1957 births
Living people
Politicians from Michoacán
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Michoacán


title: Columbus Correctional Institution

text:
The Columbus Correctional Institution (also CCI or CCDC) is a medium security prison for adult males, near Brunswick, North Carolina. The prison's original dormitory block, built during the late 1930s, is still in use. During the 1970s inmates under the supervision of correction engineers built a recreation area including a 28 cell unit to house inmates who had been placed under administrative and/or disciplinary segregation.

The facility offers adult education and  GED preparation classes. Inmates may take courses on substance abuse.  The total staff is 241 (as of February 2017) and has a maximum inmate capacity of just under 700.

References

Prisons in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Columbus County, North Carolina
1930s establishments in North Carolina


title: Sonneratia (ammonite)

text:
Sonneratia is an extinct genus of Cretaceous ammonites included in the family Hoplitidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the Cretaceous period, Aptian - Albian age.

Species

Sonneratia dutempleana (Orbigny, 1850)
 Sonneratia kitchini Spath, 1925
 Sonneratia rotator Casey, 1965

Distribution
Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Cretaceous sediments of Canada, Denmark, France, Madagascar, United Kingdom and United States.

References

 Gayle Scott – Ammonites of the Genera Sonneratia and Douvilleiceras from the Cretaceous of Colombia

External links
 Ammonites

Hoplitidae
Ammonitida genera
Cretaceous ammonites
Ammonites of Europe
Prehistoric animals of Madagascar


title: Lancaster Downtown Historic District

text:
Lancaster Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Lancaster, Lancaster County, South Carolina.  It encompasses 12 contributing commercial buildings in central business district of Lancaster.   The  buildings date from about 1880 to 1935.  It is the most intact section of Lancaster's early business area. Notable building include the United States Post Office, the Springs Block, the Farmers’ Bank and Trust Company Building, and the Bank of Lancaster/Opera House.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Lancaster County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, South Carolina


title: RajadhiRaja

text:
RajadhiRaja () is a 2014 Malayalam-language action thriller film, directed by Ajai Vasudev and written by the duo of Udayakrishna-Siby K. Thomas. The film stars Mammootty and Siddique, alongside an ensemble supporting cast including Joju George, Raai Laxmi, Mukesh Khanna, Raza Murad, Sijoy Varghese, Rahul Dev, Nawab Shah and Joy Mathew.

The film released on 5 September 2014 to positive to mixed reviews.
The movie is an adaptation of A history of violence

Plot
In Chittur, Ayyappan is a petty thief who visits his relative Shekarankutty, a gas station owner,  leading a happy family life with his wife Radha and his daughter Sreedurga. One day, Shekarankutty is arrested by the police on suspicion of him being a crime boss called Raja in Mumbai, but is released  as the police could not confirm that he was the suspect. That following night, Shekarankutty and his family are attacked by a group of gangsters whom Ayyappan had a fight once. The next day they shift their house. As Shekarankutty and Ayyappan go to meet the police commissioner, they are followed by the same gang that attacked them. As they are rounded up, Ayyappan tries to flee, but stops when seeing Shekarankutty beating up them, thus revealing his identity as Raja. After the fight, Shekarankutty reveals to Ayyappan about his past.

Past: Raja arrives at Mumbai with an ambition to become a businessperson, but instead got a job as a cab driver where he met his boss Krishna Vamsi who offered a life in the Indian underworld to gain money and fame. Raja kills Radha's brother Chandru, one of Vamshi's men in an attempt of saving Chief Secretary Mahindra Varma's daughter who was kidnapped. Varma was his old friend who changed him and gave a new life. Radha and her family was unaware that Raja killed Chandru.

Present: Raja (Shekarankutty) is threatened by Vamshi, that his family will be killed, but he manages to save his family in the nick of time. Later, Raja is sent by his former boss to kill Varma who is the Chief Secretary in Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu on the occasion of Varma's daughter's wedding. As Raja is indebted to Varma for the help he had done in the past, Raja can never kill Varma, but Raja's boss and his associates are adamant on killing Varma, where they take Raja's family hostage and threaten to kill them unless Mahindra Varma is brought to them.

Mahindra Varma tells that he too loves his family like Raja, where Raja brings Mahindra Varma to Ahmed Shah. Raja reveals that he killed Vamshi before arriving at the place with the help of his friend Sikandar, whose family was killed by Vamshi in a bomb blast. Shah and his men try to kill the Varma, but Shah and his men gets killed by Raja. Later, Raja manages to hide his past and lives a happy life as Shekarankutty with his family.

Cast

 Mammootty as Rajashekharan Kutty alias Raja
Raai Laxmi as Radha, Rajashekharan's wife
 Siddique as Mahendra Varma IAS, Chief Secretary
 Joju George as Ayyappan
 Raza Murad as Krishna Vamshi
 Mukesh Khanna as Sikhander
 Joy Mathew as Ahmed Shah
 Nawab Shah as Sathya
 Rahul Dev as John Tiger
 Sijoy Varghese as Chandru, Radha's brother
 Babu Namboothiri as Gangadhara Menon, Radha's Father
 Lena as Vidyalakshmi
 Bheeman Raghu as DYSP Paulose Pothen
 Abu Salim as Sandeep, a security officer
 Kazan Khan as Khalid
 Ravi Prakash as Devilal Patel
 Assim Jamal as a gangster
 Taniya Stanley as Ammu, Mahendra Varma's daughter
 Nelson as Kuttappan
 Shaju as Man fighting at Petrol pump
 Sethulakshmi as Paruttiyamma
 Baiju VK as CI George
Baby Eva as Sreedurga
Baby Karen Mejo as Mahendra Varma's little daughter
 Unni Mukundan as Mahendra Varma's son-in-law (cameo appearance in the song "Kanninu Kannin")
 Shamna Kasim as a dancer (cameo appearance in the song  "Dhan Than" )

Soundtrack
Two songs were composed by Karthik Raja and one song ("Midumidukkan") was composed by the duo Berny–Ignatius.

Reception

Critical response
Deepa Soman of The Times of India gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Rajadhiraja is a winsome film with enough moments to entertain you this Onam season." Sify wrote "Rajadhi Raja is a mimicry of some tasteless masala flicks, which are seriously outdated. This one has perhaps been aimed at the hardcore fans of the superstar." IndiaGlitz gave 6 out of 10 stars and wrote "In the final analysis, 'Rajadhiraja' doesn't offer any freshness in narratives. But it can be fine for a one-time watch, if you are not in theatres with any big expectations." Paresh C Palicha of Rediff gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Rajadhi Raja proves to be a lacklustre Onam release" Unni R Nair of Kerala9 gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Just about good entertainment watchable if you know what to expect..."

Box office
The film grossed close to  in eight days from the Kerala box office.

References

External links

2014 films
2010s Malayalam-language films
2010s masala films
Indian gangster films
Indian action drama films
Films shot in Palakkad
Films shot in Coimbatore
Films shot in Mumbai
Films scored by Berny–Ignatius
Films scored by Karthik Raja
2014 action drama films
Films directed by Ajai Vasudev


title: Coygan Cave

text:
Coygan Cave was an ossiferous cave near Laugharne in Carmarthenshire, Wales.  The cave was about a mile from the sea and located in a limestone hillside, but has been destroyed by quarrying.

Although prehistoric handaxes were found in the cave, there were no human bones. Three triangular handaxes (bout coupé) suggested that the cave had been used by Neanderthals some time between 64,000 and 38,000 years BCE. These axes were made of local materials. The cave was subsequently a den for hyenas, and was described by zoologist George Rolleston, prior to his death in 1881, as "the most perfect instance of a hyena den" he had seen.  Rev G N Smith, a correspondent of Charles Darwin, collected many of the bone samples from the cave.  Some of the finds are now held by the National Museum of Wales and others by Carmarthenshire County Museum.

References

Caves of Wales
Landforms of Carmarthenshire
Archaeological sites in Wales


title: New Consolidated Gold Fields

text:
New Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd Estonian Branch (commonly known as Goldfields) was an oil shale company located in Kohtla-Nõmme, Estonia. It was a subsidiary of Consolidated Gold Fields.

New Consolidated Gold Fields began oil shale research and development in the late 1920s in England.  In 1930 it began construction of the shale oil extraction complex at Kohtla-Nõmme. It consisted of a shale oil extraction plant, a crushing mill, laboratory, power plant, office building and services facilities, as also housing for 30 workers, dispensary and sauna.  The first plant was built in 1931. The plant was equipped with eight rotating retorts (Davidson retorts).  Each of these retorts was capable of processing 15 tonnes of oil shale per day.  This facility continued to operate until 1961.  In 1934 the company doubled its production by building the second shale oil extraction plant.

In 1934, Eesti Kiviõli and New Consolidated Gold Fields established the service station chain Trustivapaa Bensiini (now: Teboil) in Finland. During 1940 this chain sold more shale-oil-derived gasoline than did the entire conventional gasoline market in Estonia. In 1937, the company opened the Kohtla underground mine.

After the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, the company was nationalized in 1940. The Kohtla-Nõmme shale oil extraction complex continued to operate until 1961. The underground mine stayed operational until 2001.

See also

 Eesti Küttejõud
 Eestimaa Õlikonsortsium
 Esimene Eesti Põlevkivitööstus
 Oil shale in Estonia

References

Bibliography

Oil shale companies of Estonia
Ida-Viru County
Synthetic fuel companies
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1930
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1940
1930 establishments in Estonia
Defunct energy companies of Estonia
Defunct mining companies
Defunct oil companies
Companies nationalised by the Soviet Union
1940 disestablishments in Estonia


title: After You (Pulp song)

text:
"After You" is a song by British band Pulp released as a single in January 2013, the first new single by the band in eleven years.

Background
The song had been originally demoed during early sessions to We Love Life, the band's seventh and last studio album to date. The song wasn't finished and remained unreleased like several other songs from that period.
Pulp finally went back to finish the song in late 2012 during their successful comeback 2011-2012 tour.

Release
"After You" was originally released as free download for those who received a Christmas card at Pulp's hometown show at the Motorpoint Arena on 8 December 2012. The card contained a unique code to give access to a downloadable gift, which was made available after midnight on Christmas Eve. The song finally received a commercial release in January 2013, in a form of download single.

The band performed "After You" on The Jonathan Ross Show on 9 February 2013.

The song was remixed by Soulwax and released on 12" vinyl especially for the 2013 Record Store Day.

Uses on other media
The Soulwax remix of "After You" was featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto V on the game's radio station Soulwax FM.

Personnel
Jarvis Cocker: Lead Vocals
James Murphy: Percussion, Handclaps, Backing Vocals
Candida Doyle: Synthesizers
Mark Webber: Electric and acoustic guitars
Steve Mackey: Bass Guitar
Nick Banks: Drums

Track listing

Digital download
 "After You" - 5:35

12" (RTRADST699)
 "After You" (Soulwax Remix)
 "After You" (Original Version)
 "After You" (The 4am Desperation Disco To Disco Dub Version)

Chart positions

References

Pulp (band) songs
2013 singles
Songs written by Jarvis Cocker
Songs written by Candida Doyle
Songs written by Nick Banks
Songs written by Steve Mackey
Songs written by Mark Webber (guitarist)


title: Fornebu Line

text:
The Fornebu Line () is an under construction rail line which will serve the peninsula of Fornebu in Bærum, Norway. The line is under construction and the transit agency Ruter is working towards connecting it to the Oslo Metro. The line has at various stages been proposed as an automated people mover, tram-train, tramway, light rail, stadtbahn, rapid transit, bus rapid transit and commuter rail, with the rapid transit option being selected as the final proposal. The metro line will start at Majorstuen Station and will run entirely in a tunnel for . The line will have six stations, at Skøyen, Vækerø, Lysaker, Telenor Arena, Flytårnet and Fornebu Senter. A depot will be built at Fornebu and the line will connect to the metro's Common Tunnel at Majorstuen.

Plans for a light rail to Fornebu were first launched in 1919, but at the time there was not the population to support it. Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened in 1939, and from the 1980s the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) proposed serving it with a branch of the Drammen Line. A 1986 report from said agency also looked at a people mover to a proposed new terminal. In 1992 Parliament voted to close the airport and build Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. Fornebu closed in 1998 and the area was to enter into a period of redevelopment. However, the zoning plans state that full-scale development of 6,000 residences and between 15,000 and 25,000 jobs cannot take place until a rail transit has been established.

After discarding proposals for a railway and a tram-train, Akershus County Municipality planned a people mover to Lysaker Station. This was approved of in 2004, but in 2007 the county changed its opinion and instead opted for a connection to the Oslo Tramway, allowing direct access to the city center. Ruter took over the planning in 2008 and followed up with additional reports. It instead recommended that the site be served by a metro. It cited that estimates showed that no other transit systems will have sufficient capacity in the long run. The project is estimated to cost 26.4 billion Norwegian krone and began construction in December 2020, aiming to finish in 2027 - it has since been delayed to 2029.

History

The first proposals for a line to Fornebu arose as part of a 1917 competition issued by Christiana (later Oslo) and Aker Municipality to plan a new rail transport plan for the capital area. The winning design, made by Jørgen Barth, included a series of suburban lines. One of these was a branch from the Lilleaker Line past Lysaker, through Fornebu and onwards to Snarøya and Ostøya. At the time Fornebu was a largely unpopulated area, while there was a small population at Snarøya. Fornebu and Snarøya received a coach service in 1921. During the 1930s the water aerodrome Gressholmen Airport became insufficient to meet Oslo's aviation needs, and it was decided that Fornebu would become the site of an airport. Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened on 1 June 1939.

Transit to the airport was organized through a series of concessions which were issued to individual bus companies. From 1975 local buses were coordinated through Stor-Oslo Lokaltrafikk. Airport coach services to the city center were on the other hand granted to the largest airlines, Braathens SAFE and Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS). They operated each their coach service from two separate locations downtown. Various improvements to this system were proposed, including check-in in the city center. The coach and bus services were generally regarded as little attractive and forty percent of passengers at the airport used taxis. Fornebu was at the time still considered an option for a future main airport for Eastern Norway and there were therefore proposal to build an airport rail link.

Meanwhile, there was a political debate regarding the site of a new airport. Fornebu was one alternative. However, it only had a single runway, which was too small to serve intercontinental flights. It would therefore have to serve in tandem with Oslo Airport, Gardermoen. Other proposals were placing the airport at Hurum, Ås and Hobøl, or building a new airport at Gardermoen. The Norwegian State Railways developed a series of plans for the various airport locations, including the Hurum Line, the Gardermoen Line—which was ultimately built—and branches of the Østfold Line to Hobøl and Ås. The ground transport system was a major part of the considerations and proposals were made both for motorway and railway access to all the alternatives. As part of its 1986 proposal NSB also launched the concept of a people mover to the airport.

Construction of the airport was to be carried out by a separate limited company owned by the Civil Aviation Administration. Hence the airport was financed using state grants which would be repaid. A similar model was used for roads and railways, in which a separate subsidiary of NSB would be set up to build new railway lines. Parliament voted on 8 June 1988 in favor of building a new airport at Hurum. A series of weather surveys were then published which showed unfavorable conditions and the matter was again brought up for political consideration. A final decision to build a new airport at Gardermoen was thus taken on 8 October 1992 and subsequently closing Fornebu.

Lysaker Station was the closest railway station to Oslo Airport, Fornebu. From 27 May 1990, SAS and NSB started a cooperation to better the connection between rail and airline services. The project included the station being branded as Lysaker/Fornebu and dedicated shuttle buses running from the station to the airport terminal. NSB changed their scheduled so all InterCity Express and long-distance trains on the Drammen Line started stopping at Lysaker. Oslo Sporveier and the Norwegian National Rail Administration launched a proposal for a tram-train service in 1997, largely inspired by the Karlsruhe model. The last plane departed from Fornebu on 7 October 1998.

Work on planning the use of Fornebu after the airport was closed started in the early 1990s. The degree of how dense the peninsula was to be built was a source of controversy. Initial plans called for the establishment of a suburban area with  lots and single dwellings. Ownership of the airport land was held by the government through Statsbygg and Oslo Municipality. Both a 1992 and a 1997 report concluded that it would benefit society the most if Fornebu was redeveloped as a residential area, with as many as 14,000 residences being quoted as a suitable number. However, this was later shifted towards more commercial and less residential space. In December 1999 the land-owners committed to contributing 200 million kroner towards a rail link, which was increased to 500 million in January 2000. Bærum Municipal Council approved the zoning plan for Fornebu in April 2000, which called for 5,000 residences and 15,000 jobs. This issue was appealed by Statsbygg, who demanded an increase in utilization. The Ministry of the Environment concluded in September that the number of residences be increased to 6,000. The latter sold its properties to Fornebu Boligspar in 2001, the same year as Statsbygg sold its properties to a series of investors.

The first report regarding a rail transit system to the redeveloped Fornebu was published in April 2001, published by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration and the National Rail Administration. It investigated both bus, people mover, mainline railway and a tramway. The mainline railway alternative was based on the Asker Line being routed via Fornebu instead of running directly to Lysaker from Sandvika Station. By 2001 construction of the Asker Line was under way and soon this alternative was ruled out. The Ministry of Transport and Communications determined in August that building a line would be the responsibility of Akershus County Municipality, Bærum Municipality and, if applicable, Oslo Municipality. The following month a state grant of 600 million kroner was issued.

As an intermediate solution a bus service was established from Oslo to Fornebu. The number of buses have increased dramatically as new work places have opened, although there is no spare capacity on the buses. A further 2,500 in Fornebu opened in 2013 when Statoil opened its capital offices. The lack of transit was also a hindrance for the construction of housing, as this required the transit system to be in place. As of 2012 only 300 residences had been built at Fornebu.

Akershus County Municipality issued a report investigating tramway, people mover and bus rapid transit in March 2002. The county council voted in June to pursue a people mover, although it kept the possibility open for a connection onwards via tramway or metro. Further reports were issued in December 2002 and February 2003, and in April 2003 the county again approved a people mover, and asked Oslo Municipality to build a metro line to Lysaker. However, in the following three years there was a shift in the interest of building a people mover.

A new report was issued in 2006 and in May 2007 Akershus County Council voted in favor of building a tramway. A contributing factor was that a large array of expert bodies, including Oslo Sporveier, the Public Roads Administration, the Institute of Transport Economics and a series of consulting companies all recommended that a people mover was not suitable. The main downsides of a people mover gradually became evident for the county politicians. These included the inability to provide a direct service to Oslo and the system costs of have a fourth rail system, in addition to a metro, tramway and mainline railway. A particular concern was that very few people chose to use public transport if there are two or more transfers, which would be reality for many with a people mover.

Ruter attempted to base its right-of-way planning for the tramway along the regulated right-of-way of the people mover. However, this was not compatible as the premise for the people mover was that it would run elevated for its route, thus avoiding conflicts with road traffic. This issue made the tramway route unfeasible in the old route and Ruter therefore had to design a new route. Ruter was established as a common transit agency for Oslo and Akershus in May 2008, and took over the responsibility for planning. Ruter has since published a series of reports looking at the various modes and routes. It thereby concluded that a tramway would not be suitable and eventually landed on that a metro line exclusively in a tunnel via Skøyen to Majorstuen would be preferable. It cited the need for quick travel speeds to the city center, connection with the other transit systems and sufficient capacity to handle increased development at Fornebu. The metro alternative was approved of by Akershus County Council in December 2012 and Oslo Municipal Council in April 2013.

Premise

A planned 20,000 jobs and 6,000 residences are to be located at Fornebu. The transit system therefore has to be dimensioned to handle this number of commuters during the morning rush-hour. Further expansion to the plans could bring the total number of jobs to 25,000. The increase would have to be entirely based on transit, as there is no sufficient parking capacity for more people to drive. Demand for the various modes is more or less the same, at about 4,000 people per hour in both directions. However, given a long-term, high-growth development, only the metro alternative actually has sufficient capacity to handle the traffic estimates. The zoning plan of Fornebu is designed in such a way that only a limited amount of the area can be built before a rail transit is under construction.

Financing of the line will come from a variety of sources. There is funding in Oslo Package 3, an amalgamation of various national and local grants and toll fees, but this is insufficient to finance construction, even if it is delayed until 2027. Land-owners at Fornebu have committed 500 million 2000-kroner towards the construction of a rail transit. Ruter is considering if it should build the line as a public–private partnership. An alternative way to generate additional funding is that the land-owners pay for part of the infrastructure in exchange for a change to the zoning allowing more dense construction. Since 2013 the Ministry of Transport and Communications has promised to fund half the investments, although it is uncertain if this funding could be released before 2018.

Proposed modes and routes

Suburban line
The 1919 proposal for a light rail was based on the standard of the western suburban lines, which are today part of the metro. The Lilleaker Line was proposed linked to the Common Tunnel at Majorstuen Station and a branch from the Lilleaker Line was proposed built, with two alternative routings, either branching near Lilleaker Station or at Bestum Station, intersecting via a culvert with the Drammen Line near Lysaker and then continuing through Fornebu in the middle of the peninsula. It would cross Snarøysundet to Snarøen and over Lille Ostsund to Ostøen. Further extensions to Brønøen were also called for, but at a later date. The municipal committee saw the line not only as a possibility for serving local residents, but also to transport day tourists from the city to the seaside.

Commuter rail

The 1981 proposal by the Institute of Transport Economics called for a mainline railway service to Fornebu as a single-track branch from the Drammen Line to the airport terminal. The intersection was proposed located  east of Lysaker Station, hinder trains from stopping at Lysaker. This was caused both by the geological conditions and road plans. The line would branch off and run under the Drammen Line and E18 in a tunnel. It would ascend between Snarøyveien and the fjord and continue to a station situated at the water aerodrome. The station would feature two tracks and would include an elevated walkway over to the terminal. Depending on the options for expanding Fornebu, the then main terminal was proposed rebuilt to an international terminal and a new domestic terminal was proposed built. This would have required the railway line to be extended and a second station be built. The line was estimated to cost 100 million kroner.

The line would have been built and operated by the Norwegian State Railways (NSB). As the Oslo Tunnel between Skøyen and Oslo Central Station is the bottle-neck of the system, the proposal called for existing routes of the Oslo Commuter Rail from the east which run through the tunnel and terminate at Skøyen council be extended to Fornebu. The proposal called for three every twenty minutes and a travel time of twelve minutes. The system would be able to take advantage of the airport being served against the rush-hour flows. Even when the investments in rail infrastructure were included, operating costs for a rail transit system were lower than that of a bus service. However, the lack of a train station in the terminal would add five minutes walking time. The proposal also examined various fast ferry services and found that the rail service would be between five and nine minutes faster than any coach or ferry option.

The 1986 proposal by NSB considered the use of more modern rolling stock than the Class 69 trains being used. In addition to a branch proposal, it called for a loops from the Drammen Line between the stations of Stabekk and Høvik which would run down to Fornebu and stop at a station before continuing onwards to Lysaker. By then it was determined that keeping Oslo Airport, Fornebu would involve building a new, domestic terminal, situated at Oksenøen,  from the old terminal. The train station would be situated between these and a moving walkway built between the terminals and to the train station. NSB preferred the loop, as it allowed trains running along the Drammen Line to deviate via Fornebu and serve the airport. The branch line would require all traffic from the west to transfer at Lysaker. Costs were estimated at 160 million kroner, including a third track from Bestun Station to Stabekk.

NSB presumed that a similar operating procedure be carried out for a branch service. However, it proposed a different route which branched off west of Lysaker Station. By linking these with various lines to the east, this would allow direct services to the airport from the Østfold Line, the Gjøvik Line and the Trunk Line. For a loop service, NSB proposed that the airport be served with existing commuter trains running on the Drammen Line between Asker Station and Lillestrøm Station (today's line L1). The main advantage was that it would allow all regional and express trains, including those serving to the Bergen Line, the Sørlandet Line and the Vestfold Line, to call at the airport. Travel times were estimated at 12 minutes to Oslo Central Station, 18 minutes to Asker, and 25 and 33 minutes, respectively by commuter and express train, to Drammen Station. NSB estimated a twenty-five percent market share, giving an estimated 3,500 to 8,000 daily passengers, depending on how much airline traffic was allocated to Fornebu. A major advantage was that it would largely come as an additional product for existing services and would thus be economically favorable for NSB.

The final railway proposal was placed in a 2001 report. It looked at the possibility that the Asker Line would have been placed in a different route between Sandvika and Skøyen through Fornebu. Various routes were considered, some of which would stop and other which would not at Lysaker. Alternatively the branch proposal with two station was considered from Lysaker. THis would involve the construction of about  of new railway.

Automated people mover

The first proposal for a people mover was launched by NSB in 1986 and was centered around being a link for the airport.  The line would have its start at Stabekk Station on the Drammen Line, where it would be located next to the railway platforms. NSB would schedule all services along the Drammen Line stop at Stabekk. The stations at the terminals would be built in the immediate vicinity of the check-ins. The line would have been  long and have two stations, one at each of the terminals. In such capacity it would double as a transit system between the terminals, which would be situated on each side of the runway. Travel time to Oslo Central Station was estimated at 15 minutes. A major advantage compared to the loop line was that the people mover would be able to serve both terminals, not just the new terminal.

The second alternative for a people mover arose with the closing of the airport. Various technologies were pursued, ranging from a light metro—essentially a low-capacity rapid transit—to monorails. No universal standards are available and the system would have to be custom-built by a manufacturer. The system would run elevated or in a tunnel from Lysaker to Oksenøykryset and from there as an elevated line. Akershus County Municipality opted for a monorail system, emphasizing the light design. Speeds would have been limited to .

From Lysaker the line was proposed built as a double-track system to Fornebu Senter and onwards as a single-tracked system to Norske Skog. The system would require 32 hourly departures during rush-hour and 16 departures per hour the rest of the day. Eight of these would continue on the single-tracked section. Travel time from Lysaker to Norske Skog would have been 12.5 minutes, 10 minutes to Fornebu Senter and 5 minutes to Telenor. The line would serve ten stations.

The system could either be built in isolation, and rely on transfer to train at Lysaker, or be built in connection with a metro. The latter would result in an underground section through Lysaker and a common transfer between the three modes at Lysaker. The metro line was proposed as a branch of the Kolsås Line from Åsjordet Station and with an intersection and transfer to the Lilleaker Line at Lilleaker. Almost the entire section of metro would be built in a tunnel. at Lysaker a metro alternative would give transfer at the same platform between the two modes, while a non-metro alternative would give a people mover station below the train station. By linking up to five cars into a train, each departure could have a capacity of 175 people. This would allow for 5,600 passengers per hour. Initial reports regarded this as sufficient, but later reports found this to be insufficient. The system would require eleven trains.

During later planning phases the county also looked at the possibility for the line to be built in such a way that it at a later date could be converted to a tramway and connected to the Oslo Tramway. The alternative gave a large hike in the investment costs, while it provided no advantages during the initial operating phase. The structure's width and visual profile would increase and of these reasons the alternative was abandoned.

A major advantage with the people mover was that it would allow for a good geographical coverage of the peninsula and could be built to make all bus services superfluous. The plans required that Lysaker Station had an exceptionally good transit service with links in many directions so that further transfers would not be necessary.  Investments were estimated at 1.5 billion kroner in 2011, lower than any of the alternative modes.

Tram-train
The proposed tram-train route would run in a new tramway line from Fornebu to Lysaker. There it would connect to the Drammen Line from Lysaker Station to Skøyen Station. At the latter site it would instead connect to the Skøyen Line of the tramway via Bygdøy allé and run to the city center and Jernbanetorget. The line was proposed extended eastwards partially along the Trunk Line and partially along a new light rail route via Akershus University Hospital to Lillestrøm and Kjeller in Skedsmo. The line from Lysaker to Fornebu was estimated to cost 223 million krone, and a total cost of 334 million to reach the city center.

The service took its basis in the new T2000 trains which had been delivered for the Holmenkollen Line a few years earlier. These were built so that they could operate both along light rails with overhead wires at 600 volts and on the metro with a third rail 750 volt power supply. Connection to the mainline railway would require the system to also handle . However, the system would only have to relate to standard gauge. The system posed a series of challenges. One was the difference in platform height and loading gauge. While the metro features a platform height of , the railways used  and the tramway . Similarly, the vehicles have varying widths. This would mean that a tram-train would have to opt out of using existing platforms at all but one mode. The systems use varying standard top speeds and a tram-train would therefore have to have more power than a metro train to keep higher speeds to not slow other traffic on the mainline railway.

Tramway

Ruter's proposal for a tramway was based on two separate routes from the city center to Lysaker and one proposed route from Lysaker through Fornebu. From the city center the trams would run along the Skøyen Line, while others would run from Majorstuen to via the Frogner Line to Frogner plass and from there in a new line to Skøyen. From Skøyen there were two proposed routes to Lysaker. The one involved using the existing Lilleaker Line to Furulund Station, where the line would branch off. It would then run in a tunnel to Lysaker and onwards to Oksenøyveien. The alternative, which was named the Fjord Tramway, was proposed to run from the Skøyen, through a short tunnel under the E18 and along Bestumkilen. It would have an intermediate station at Vækerø and then continue in a tunnel to Lysaker and onwards to Oksenøyveien. It would be located in an underground station at Lysaker, blow the lot north of the station. The station would be located at  below mean sea level in bedrock. This allows it to be built without interrupting operations at Lysaker Station, without interfering with the structures on the lot above and giving sufficient depth to pass under Lysakerelva.

From Oksenøyveien, where it would feature a stop, the line would continue onwards to stations at Telenor Arena and the Telenor head office. It would run through a short tunnel to Rolfsbukta and then start turning around to in a circle to Koksa and terminate at Fornebu Senter. A future extension was proposed onwards to Storøykilen and Norske Skog's head office. The line from Fornebu Senter to Furulund would be , while an extension from Fornebu Senter to Norske Skog would be . Travel time from Fornebu Senter to Lysaker would be 8.5 minutes and from Fornebu Senter to Nationaltheatret 27.5 minutes. The line is proposed to be served by 24 trams per hour from Fornebu to Skøyen, of which 8 continue to the city center and onwards along an extended Sinsen Line to Tonsenhagen. In 2011 the costs of a tramway were estimated at 2.7 billion kroner.

Ruter has also explored what it has termed as a "semimetro". This concept was based on the agency's long-term plan to upgrade the tram network to a system similar to a stadtbahn. It would run with conventional tram vehicles, connected in pairs and with a combined capacity of ca. 360 passengers. In relation to its route, it was planned built at ground level with six station at Fornebu (Fornebu Senter, Koksa, Rolfsbukta, Telenor, Telenor Arena and Oksenøykryssset). From there it would run to Skøyen in a tunnel with intermediate stations at Lysaker and Vækerø. From Skøyen some services would run along existing tramways to the city center, while others would run in a tunnel to Majorstuen. Ruter estimated the cost of the semimetro at 3.5 billion kroner in 2011. It would have 16 hourly departures to Skøyen, half of which would continue to Majorstuen and half of which would continue to the city center.

The tramway alternative has the easiest and fastest access, being located at street level. This encourages passengers which will take it between stops on Fornebu and travelers heading to Lysaker. However, the long travel time by tram to the city centers means that most travelers will switch to trains at Lysaker. Estimates show that in the long run the tramway alternative may not have sufficient capacity to handle all the traffic to Fornebu. The tramway is in the process of ordering new trams. One of the goals is that they can be a shelf ware. Should the Fornebu Line be built as a tramway, it would feature the only tunnels on the network. This would result in the trams having to be built in a higher fire grade, resulting in significantly higher costs for all trams for the network. Alternatively special trams for the Fornebu Line would have to be built, eliminating possibility of economy of scale.

Bus rapid transit
Buses make up the current public transport service to Fornebu, and as of 2017, Ruter operates up to 50 buses per hour to the peninsula. They partially run along reserved bus lanes. However, there is not sufficient capacity at street level to handle more buses at the stops. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is considering alternatives for handling increases buses, including that of building a bus terminal. Construction of a rail transit system would make further upgrades superfluous.

Termed "superbus", Ruter has investigated the possibilities of building a bus rapid transit. From the city center the route would follow the current bus route along Bygdøy allé for street access, while other buses would run on the motorway to Oslo Bus Terminal. It would follow the same right-of-way as a tramway would from Skøyen to Fornebu and would run either in a tunnel or along the fjord from Lysaker to Skøyen. It would serve Lysaker via an underground terminal and continue in a tunnel to Øksenøykrysset. It would continue through Fornebu halting at six stops. However, Ruter was concerned that it would be difficult to create an efficient system without large-scale bus lane conversion in the city center. Investments were estimated at 1.7 billion kroner in 2011.

Metro

The first metro proposal, from 2009, called for the line to be built as a branch of the Kolsås Line from Ullernåsen. Except for a short portion at the southern end, the entire line was proposed in a tunnel. After Ullernåsen the line would have only three stations, Lysaker, Telenor Arena and Fornebu Senter. However, additional stations were considered. Eight hourly services were proposed, which could or could not continue from Majorstuen through the Common Tunnel. Further plans called for an upgrade to allow a fly-over at Makrellbekken, on the Røa Line.

A second main proposal was launched in 2011, whereby the metro would follow a new route. It would leave Majorstuen in its own right-of-way in a tunnel. It would turn ninety degrees and run under the Frogner Park to a station at Skøyen. From there it would run close to Bestumkilden, with an intermediate station at Vækerø before reaching Lysaker. The line would have three stations on Fornebu: Telenor Arena, Flytårnet (Telenor) and Fornebu Senter. Ruter recommended this alternative, based on its combination of fast travel time to the city center and that a metro alternative is the only service which can be guaranteed to have sufficient capacity in the long run. Ruter estimated the cost of a metro via Ullernåsen at 3.0 billion kroner and via Skøyen at 4.5 billion kroner in 2011.

The Skøyen route has an estimated travel time of 5 minutes from Fornebu Senter to Lysaker and 12 minutes from Fornebu Senter to Majorstuen. This involves building a  from Majorstuen to Skøyen,  to Vækerø,  to Lysaker,  to Arena,  to Flytårnet and   to Fornebu Senter. Sixty percent of the line will run in Oslo. There has also been proposals to build a station at Madserud and the Frogner Park, although the need given the sparse population has been questioned.

A major challenge with the metro alternative is the network's congestion through the Common Tunnel, which is shared by all lines between Majorstuen and Tøyen. Currently the capacity through the tunnel is limited to 28 trains per hour per direction, although Ruter hopes than improvements in signaling can increase this to 32. This, combined with turning trains from the Holmenkollen Line at Majorstuen, will allow all eight hourly metro trains to reach the downtown area. There are plans to build a second metro tunnel through the city center, with estimates for completion around 2030.

References

Bibliography

External links

 Official page at Akershus County Municipality
 Official page at Ruter

Proposed railway lines in Norway
Oslo Metro lines
Transport in Bærum


title: The Neon Brotherhood

text:
The Neon Brotherhood are a group of 40 people who got together to release the single "Hope Ain't a Bad Thing" in aid of Stephen Sutton who died on 14 May 2014.

The song gained a midweek position of number 5 before its final place at number 16 on the UK Singles Chart on 8 June 2014.  The song also made Ireland Singles Chart at number 58.  The song was written by Martin Stanyer and Mike Newey, and recorded at Neon Sound Studios in Burntwood, Staffordshire. The Neon Brotherhood opened V Festival on the main stage at Weston Park on August 16, 2014. Glynn Morgan who sang for Threshold also features on the track.

The song's speech by Sutton at the end was originally recorded for a charity Christmas song called "This Christmas" by songwriter Martin Stanyer's band, Naked Sunday.

Chart success

References

English pop music groups


title: S. lutea

text:
S. lutea may refer to:

 Salix lutea, a willow native to North America
 Salpistele lutea, a Panamanian orchid
 Saponaria lutea, an Old World plant
 Sarcina lutea, a gram-positive bacterium
 Scorpaena lutea, a venomous fish
 Scrobipalpa lutea, a twirler moth
 Sicalis lutea, a South American bird
 Sillago lutea, a marine fish
 Siphona lutea, a tachina fly
 Sparganothina lutea, an Ecuadorian moth
 Spilarctia lutea, an Asian moth
 Spondias lutea, a plant native to the tropical Americas
 Stelis lutea, an epiphytic orchid
 Sternbergia lutea, a plant with yellow flowers
 Streptocarpus lutea, an Afrotropical plant
 Striga lutea, a hemiparasitic plant
 Stromanthe lutea, a plant native to the tropical Americas
 Strongylophthalmyia lutea, a long-legged fly
 Strymon lutea, a scrub hairstreak
 Styposis lutea, a tangle-web spider
 Syncopacma lutea, a twirler moth


title: Steve Tarvin

text:
Thomas Stephen Tarvin (born June 2, 1951) is an American politician from Georgia. Tarvin is a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives, representing the 2nd District since 2014.

Early life
On June 2, 1951, Tarvin was born in Chickamauga, Georgia.

Education
Tarvin attended University of Georgia.

Career
On February 4, 2014, Tarvin won the special election and became a Republican member of the Georgia House of Representatives for District 2. Tarvin defeated Neal Florence with 53.86% of the votes. Tarvin was sworn into office on February 11, 2014.

On November 4, 2014, as an incumbent, Tarvin won the election unopposed and continued serving District 2. On November 8, 2016, as an incumbent, Tarvin won the election unopposed and continued serving District 2. votes. On November 6, 2018, as an incumbent, Tarvin won the election and continued serving District 2. Tarvin defeated Michelle Simmons with 99.9% of the votes. On November 3, 2020, incumbent, Tarvin won the election unopposed and continued serving District 2.
votes.

Tarvin has sponsored 64 bills. The American Conservative Union gave him an 80% evaluation in 2019.

Personal life
Tarvin's wife is Jennifer Tarvin. They have two children. Tarvin and his family live in Chickamauga, Georgia.

References

External links
 Steve Tarvin at ballotpedia.org

Republican Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
Living people
People from Walker County, Georgia
1951 births


title: Operational Camouflage Pattern

text:
Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP), originally codenamed Scorpion W2, is a military camouflage pattern adopted in 2015 by the United States Army for use as the U.S. Army's main camouflage pattern on the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). This pattern officially replaced the U.S. Army's previous Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) as the official combat uniform pattern for most U.S. soldiers at the end of September 2019. The pattern also superseded the closely related MultiCam, a pattern previously used for troops deploying to Afghanistan.

The United States Air Force also replaced their former Airman Battle Uniform (ABU) with the ACU in OCP after positive feedback from airmen who wore the uniform while being deployed to Afghanistan with Army soldiers.  In 2019, it also commenced use by United States Space Force personnel who had transferred from the Air Force to the Space Force.

The original "Scorpion" pattern was developed by a joint venture of the Army's Natick Labs and Crye Precision as part of the Objective Force Warrior (OFW) program more than a decade prior. Crye then modified it to create MultiCam for commercial sales. In July 2014, the Army announced that OCP could be used in the field by the summer of 2015.

In early April 2015, Army Chief of Staff Ray Odierno revealed that OCP uniforms were beginning to be issued to deployed soldiers going to Afghanistan, Iraq, Europe, and the Horn of Africa. The OCP ACU became available for soldiers to purchase starting 1 July 2015.

Background

Selection process

In the early 2010s, the U.S. Army concluded that the UCP did not adequately meet all of the concealment needs for Afghanistan’s multiple regions.

In 2010, the United States Army Camouflage Improvement Effort considered 22 entrants. The Army eliminated the patterns down to five finalists who exceeded the baseline patterns and Scorpion W2 was among them in the Army's in-house submission (the Army later withdrew their submission leaving the four commercial vendors). The finalists in the Army's Phase IV camouflage testing were Crye Precision; ADS Inc. and Hyperstealth Inc.; Brookwood Companies Inc.; and Kryptek Inc.

The 2014 National Defense Authorization Act (NDA or NDAA), prevents any service from adopting a new camouflage pattern not already in inventory before the NDA, unless they get all other services to adopt the same pattern. As a result, the Army had to consider existing camouflage patterns within the United States Department of Defense.

Initially, the Army's first pattern choice was the MultiCam pattern developed by Crye Precision, but allegedly due to "printing fees", procurement discussions broke down. Crye Precision developed the original Scorpion pattern under a government contract in 2002. The pattern was modified by the United States Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center in 2009 and named the Scorpion W2 pattern. The Army owns the licensing rights for Scorpion W2, which lowers the overall cost, and allows the Army the option to restrict the pattern to service members only.

Rollout

The ACU patterned in OCP first became available to U.S. Army soldiers on 1 July 2015, at 20 locations in the contiguous United States and in South Korea, with first-day sales exceeding $1.4 million. More installations began sales later in 2015, although soldiers deploying on real-world missions began receiving uniforms and equipment printed in OCP before that date. The color of the T-shirt and belt worn with the OCP ACU are Tan 499, as opposed to the desert sand color for the previous uniform, although soldiers were allowed to continue to wear the older color T-shirts, belts, and boots until October 2019. Body armor, packs, and pouches in previous UCP and MultiCam patterns will be worn until they can be replaced with OCP.

On 14 May 2018, the U.S. Air Force announced that all airmen will transition from the Airman Battle Uniform to the OCP uniform. Airmen were authorized to wear OCP uniforms beginning 1 October 2018. Recruits in basic training, and cadets in Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps, and Officer Training School were issued OCPs beginning 1 October 2019. All airmen were required to own OCP uniforms by 1 April 2021. Unlike the Army, the Air Force uses brown thread for name tapes and rank insignia and have a subdued-color flag patch at all times instead of when on deployment.

The U.S. Space Force has also adopted the OCP uniform, but with navy blue thread for ranks and tapes.

Users

 : US-made Air Warrior PSGC vests in OCP were worn by Australian Defence Force aviation aircrews.
 : Lebanese Armed Forces have worn US Army made OCP ACU uniforms as their standard camouflage uniform since 2017.
 : Worn by KATUSA units, replacing Universal Camouflage Pattern.
 : Used by regular Ukrainian Armed Forces and reservists supplied by U.S. Armed Forces as of 2022.
 : Current standard camouflage of the U.S. Army since 2015 and U.S. Air Force since 2018.

 (individual augmentees)

See also
 MARPAT, a digital camouflage used by the United States Marine Corps
 Australian Multicam Camouflage Uniform, a similar camouflage pattern issued to the Australian Defence Force from 2014 onwards
 Multi-Terrain Pattern, a similar camouflage pattern issued to the British Army from 2010 onwards

References

External links
Hyperstealth: U.S. Army Scorpion Camouflage

Camouflage patterns
Military camouflage
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s


title: Pir Sadaruddin Shah

text:
Pir Syed Sadaruddin Shah Rashidi (; born 21 October 1960) is a Pakistani politician who served as Minister for Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, in Abbasi cabinet from August 2017 to May 2018. He previously served as the Minister for Overseas Pakistanis

Early life
He was born on 21 October 1960.

Political career
Shah was elected as a member of Provincial Assembly of Sindh for the first time in 2002 Pakistani general election and served as provincial Minister of irrigation and power from 2002 to 2004 and later held the portfolio of Communications and Works from 2004 to 2007 in Sindh Government.

He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan in 2008 Pakistani general election from constituency NA-216.

He was re-elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan in 2013 Pakistani general election from constituency NA-216 and NA-235 and won both. He later vacated his NA-235 seat and retained NA-216.

In June 2013, he was appointed as Minister for Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. He is currently the president of Sindh chapter of his party PML-F.

He had ceased to hold ministerial office in July 2017 when the federal cabinet was disbanded following the resignation of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif after Panama Papers case decision. Following the election of Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as Prime Minister of Pakistan in August 2017, he was inducted into the federal cabinet of Abbasi. He was appointed as the Federal Minister for Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development.

Upon the dissolution of the National Assembly on the expiration of its term on 31 May 2018, Rashidi ceased to hold the office as Federal Minister for Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development.

References

Pakistan Muslim League (F) politicians
Living people
Sindhi people
1960 births
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018
Government ministers of Pakistan


title: Li Jingliang

text:
Li Jingliang (Chinese: 李景亮; pinyin: Lǐ Jǐngliàng; born March 20, 1988) is a Chinese mixed martial artist who competes as a welterweight for the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Background
Originally from a small town near Tacheng in the Xinjiang UAR of Northwest China, Li competed in Chinese wrestling and trained in Sanda before moving to Beijing in 2008 in order to pursue a career in professional mixed martial arts. Li began training under the tutelage of former UFC Lightweight Zhang Tiequan.

Mixed martial arts career

Early career
Li made his professional debut in 2007, winning via submission due to punches in the second round. He would go on to compile a record of 8–2, capturing the Legend FC Welterweight Championship in the process, before being granted his release and signed by the UFC.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Li made his promotional debut on May 24, 2014, at UFC 173 against David Michaud, who had an undefeated record of 7–0. Li defeated Michaud via split decision, giving Michaud the first loss of his career.

Li faced Nordine Taleb on October 4, 2014, at UFC Fight Night: MacDonald vs. Saffiedine. Li was able to take Taleb down multiple times throughout the fight and even successfully land significantly more strikes as Taleb was content to counter strike throughout the bout. In a surprising result, Taleb was given the victory by split decision.

Li was expected to face Roger Zapata on May 16, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 66. However, on April 18, it was announced that Zapata was pulled from the fight due to undisclosed reasons and replaced by Brazilian fighter Dhiego Lima. Li won the fight via knockout in the first round.

Li was expected to face Kiichi Kunimoto on September 27, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 75. However, Kunimoto pulled out of the fight in late August citing injury and was replaced by returning Japanese veteran Keita Nakamura. After dominating the first two rounds, Li lost the fight via technical submission in the third round.

Li faced Anton Zafir on July 8, 2016, at The Ultimate Fighter 23 Finale. Li defeated Zafir via knockout in the first round.

Li was expected to face Chad Laprise on December 10, 2016, at UFC 206. However, Laprise pulled out of the fight on November 16 citing an undisclosed injury. As a result, Li was pulled from the card entirely and rescheduled to a future event.

Li was expected to face Yancy Medeiros on January 28, 2017, at UFC on Fox 23. However, in early January, Medeiros pulled out for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Bobby Nash. Li defeated Nash via knockout in the second round.

Li faced Frank Camacho on June 17, 2017, at UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia. He won the fight via unanimous decision. This win earned Li his second Fight of the Night bonus award.

Li faced Zak Ottow on November 25, 2017, at UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Gastelum. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. The win also earned Li his first Performance of the Night bonus award.

Li faced Jake Matthews on February 11, 2018, at UFC 221. He lost the fight via unanimous decision and received criticism for his eye gouge of Matthews. This fight earned him the Fight of the Night bonus.

Li faced Daichi Abe on June 23, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 132. He won the fight via unanimous decision.

Li was scheduled to face Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos on November 24, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 141. However, on October 27, 2018, it was reported that Zaleski withdrew from the bout due to a partial ligament tear in his right knee, and he is replaced by David Zawada. He won the fight via technical knockout in round three.

Li was expected to face Alex Oliveira on April 27, 2019, at UFC on ESPN 3. However, on March 24, 2019, it was report Li pulled from the bout, citing injury.

Li was expected to be in a pairing with Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos that was rescheduled and took place on August 31, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 157. Li won the fight via technical knockout in round three. The win earned Li his third Performance of the Night bonus award.

Li faced Neil Magny on March 7, 2020, at UFC 248. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.

Li was scheduled to face Dwight Grant on December 12, 2020, at UFC 256. However, on December 8, 2020, Grant tested positive for COVID-19 during fight week and had to pull out. A replacement opponent for Li wasn't able to be found, and therefore Li was removed from the event.

Li faced Santiago Ponzinibbio, replacing Muslim Salikhov, on January 16, 2021, at UFC on ABC 1. He won the fight via first-round knockout. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.

Li faced Khamzat Chimaev on October 30, 2021, at UFC 267. He lost the bout after getting choked unconscious via rear-naked choke in the first round.

Li faced Muslim Salikhov on July 16, 2022, at UFC on ABC 3. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. This win earned him Performance of the Night bonus award.

Li was scheduled to face Tony Ferguson on September 10, 2022, at UFC 279. However, due to Khamzat Chimaev missing weight, Li faced Daniel Rodriguez who was originally scheduled to face Kevin Holland in a catchweight bout. He lost the back-and-forth fight via split decision. 21 out of 23 media scores gave it to Jingliang.

Li was scheduled to face Michael Chiesa on April 8, 2023, at UFC 287. However, Jingliang pulled out of the bout due to a spine injury.

Personal life
Li and his wife have a daughter (born 2015) and a son (born 2020).

Championships and accomplishments

Mixed Martial Arts
Legend Fighting Championship
Legend FC Welterweight Championship (One time)
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Fight of the Night (Two times)  vs Frank Camacho and Jake Matthews
Performance of the Night (Five times)
Tied (Thiago Alves and Vicente Luque) for second most knockouts in UFC Welterweight division history (8)

Brazilian jiu-jitsu
China Open Jiu-jitsu Tournament
2013 1st place - Absolute (Purple Belt)
2013 1st place - 92 kg (Purple Belt)

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|19–8
|Daniel Rodriguez
|Decision (split)
|UFC 279
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|19–7
|Muslim Salikhov
|TKO (punches and elbows)
|UFC on ABC: Ortega vs. Rodríguez
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:38
|Elmont, New York, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|18–7
|Khamzat Chimaev
|Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
|UFC 267
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:16
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|18–6
|Santiago Ponzinibbio
|KO (punch)
|UFC on ABC: Holloway vs. Kattar
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:25
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|17–6
|Neil Magny
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 248
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|17–5
|Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos
|TKO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Andrade vs. Zhang
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|4:51
|Shenzhen, China
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|16–5
|David Zawada
|KO (body kick)
|UFC Fight Night: Blaydes vs. Ngannou 2
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|4:07
|Beijing, China
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|15–5
|Daichi Abe
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Cowboy vs. Edwards
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|14–5
|Jake Matthews
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 221
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Perth, Australia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|14–4
|Zak Ottow
|TKO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Gastelum
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:57
|Shanghai, China
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|13–4
|Frank Camacho
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|12–4
|Bobby Nash
|KO (punches)
|UFC on Fox: Shevchenko vs. Peña
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:45
|Denver, Colorado, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|11–4
|Anton Zafir
|KO (punches)
|The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia Finale
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:46
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|10–4
|Keita Nakamura
|Technical Submission (standing rear-naked choke)
|UFC Fight Night: Barnett vs. Nelson
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:17
|Saitama, Japan
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|10–3
|Dhiego Lima
| KO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:25
|Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 9–3
| Nordine Taleb
| Decision (split)
| UFC Fight Night: MacDonald vs. Saffiedine
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 9–2
| David Michaud
| Decision (split)
| UFC 173
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 8–2
| Luke Jumeau
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Legend FC 11
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 3:38
|Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 7–2
| Dan Pauling
| Decision (unanimous)
| Legend FC 9
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Macau, SAR, China
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 6–2
| Myung Ho Bae
| Decision (unanimous)
| Legend FC 7
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Macau, SAR, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 6–1
| Alex Niu
| Decision (unanimous)
| Legend FC 5
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Hong Kong, SAR, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 5–1
| Tony Rossini
| Technical Submission (guillotine choke)
| Legend FC 4
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:11
|Hong Kong, SAR, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 4–1
| Andrei Liu
| TKO (punches)
| Legend FC 3
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 3:43
|Hong Kong, SAR, China
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center| 3–1
| Pat Crawley
| Decision (unanimous)
| Legend FC 2
|
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
|Hong Kong, SAR, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 3–0
| Yun Tao Gong
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| AOW 15: Ueyama vs. Aohailin
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 5:29
|Beijing, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 2–0
| Liu Jin Wen
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Ultimate Martial Arts Combat
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 3:05
|Beijing, China
|
|-
| Win
|align=center| 1–0
| Makhach Gadzhiev
| TKO (submission to punches)
| AOW 8: Worlds Collide
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 1:02
|Beijing, China
|

See also
List of current UFC fighters
List of male mixed martial artists
List of UFC bonus award recipients

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
People from Tacheng
Sportspeople from Xinjiang
Welterweight mixed martial artists
Chinese male mixed martial artists
Chinese practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Chinese male sport wrestlers
Chinese sanshou practitioners
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Mixed martial artists utilizing sanshou
Mixed martial artists utilizing Shuai Jiao
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu