title: Joaquín Llorens y Fernández de Córdoba

text:
Joaquín Llorens y Fernández de Córdoba  (1854 – 1930) was a Spanish Carlist soldier and politician. He is known as the longest serving Carlist deputy (1893 to 1919), the longest continuously serving Carlist deputy (1901 to 1919), and the most-elected Carlist deputy (11 times). He is also recognized for turning Requeté from a vague youth organization into a military force.

Family and youth

Joaquín Lloréns Fernández de Córdova was born to a distinguished Levantine family, originating from Nules but for generations settled in Villareal; his ancestors can be traced back to the 16th century. His grandfather, Joaquín Lloréns Chiva, was a judge and academic in Valencia, serving also as sindico general of the city in the early 19th century. His father, José Joaquín Lloréns Bayer (1807–1863), pursued a military career. As a 16-year-old he joined the Voluntarios Realistas militia and fought against the Liberals during the 1821-23 civil war. In 1833 he volunteered to the Carlist insurgency; distinguished in a number of battles of the First Carlist War he rose to general brigadier and was twice awarded Cruz de San Fernando, also nominated marqués de Cordoba by Carlos V. Following the Carlist defeat in 1839 he accompanied Carlos V into exile, later on living in France and Russia; he returned to Spain in wake of the 1848 amnesty. During the Second Carlist War he sided with the Isabellinos and successfully fought the Carlist troops in Levante; in return he got his brigadier rank and military honors (though not his marquesado) recognized by the Isabella II government. Served as mayor of Villareal. Married to Joaquína Fernández de Córdova e Ibáñez de Ocerín, the couple had 5 children. Joaquín, their only son, was steered to become a military as well, though unlike his father not in the ranks of infantry. As a 14-year-old he joined Academia de Artillería in Segovia, promoted to alférez-alumno in 1871.

Soldier

As a 19-year-old Joaquín Lloréns joined the insurgent troops at the outbreak of the Third Carlist War. He fought on the Northern front during the 1873 campaign in Navarre:  soon promoted to teniente, he took part in the sieges of Viana and of Valcarlos. Following the inconclusive battle of Mañeru, which repulsed the Liberal troops during their march on Estella, and the likewise undecided battle of Montejurra, Lloréns contributed to clear victories at Belabieta and Dicastillo, which finally stabilized Carlist rule in Navarre and Gipuzkoa. Early 1874 he proceeded in line with the Carlist offensive in Vizcay, which climaxed in the siege of Bilbao. In February 1874 his unit was assigned to carry out an attack on the pocket of Republican Gipuzkoan resistance in Tolosa; in March it took part in the victorious attempt to prevent the Liberal relief of Bilbao during the slaughter at Somorrostro; Lloréns commanded the 120-mm cannon artillery. Continued to fight around Bilbao during the failed battle of San Pedro Abanto in the spring of 1874.

With the siege of Bilbao broken the Liberal troops continued their advance on Estella; Lloréns was fighting in the victorious Abárzuza and Oteiza battles in the summer of 1874, which eventually led to the stalemate period that followed. Struggled to sort out the Carlist artillery logistics, making sense of wide variety of artillery pieces available. He participated in the February 1875 battle of Lácar, which is sometimes considered the most brilliant and daring Carlist victory of the war and which threatened the new king Alfonso XII, present at the site, personally. He took part in one of the last confrontations of the conflict, the battle of Palomeras de Etxalar (February 1876). His performance during the assault on Lumbier (October 1875) gained him Cruz Roja del Mérito Militar, with the second one obtained for directing artillery fire during the battle of Mañeru. Wounded in action a number of times. Following the battle of San Pedro Abanto he was nominated a captain, following the battle of Salvatierra/Agurain he rose to a comandante, and he finished the war as a colonel. Following the Carlist defeat in 1876 he accompanied Carlos VII into exile and crossed the French border.

Civil Servant

Lloréns returned to Spain in the late 1870s. In 1879 he married Concepción Colomer y Conca and settled in her native town of Ontinyent, in the family residence at Carre Gomis in the city centre; the couple had 2 sons and 2 daughters. Active in Juventud Católica, published three volumes of his war recollections. In the mid-1880s he produced the first designs to re-direct the Turia river near Valencia and to re-build the local maritime infrastructure accordingly, to create a park along the river banks and to expand the local tram network. He taught at the Valencian Academia de Matemáticas, becoming a recognized scholar also in astronomy. Occasionally contributed to newspapers, himself founded a satirical review El Centro, practiced oil painting and used to win honors in local exhibits. Lloréns invented a handgun which bore his name; the patent was registered in 1897 and featured a repeating rifle with detachable magazine box, though apparently it has never entered production.

In 1909 he travelled – either in liaison with the military or as a military himself – to Morocco, most likely to assist in operations carried out during the rapidly escalating conflict between the Spanish and the Rif tribes in the Gurugú region. He published related correspondence in military periodicals and popular press titles like Correo Español. In 1908 Lloréns initiated action on the old dormant Cortes of Cádiz resolution to commemorate the 1808 war with a monument in Segovia, in front of the military barracks where he had studied 40 years earlier; the motion led to the memorial being unveiled by Alfonso XIII, though Lloréns did not take part in the 1910 celebrations. He continued writing to the press, though in the 20th century to the Navarrese rather than Levantine papers, mostly the Carlist or foralist titles like La Lealtad Navarra (transformed in 1897 into El Pensamiento Navarro) or Navarra Ilustrada.

Deputy

In 1893 Lloréns, one of the leading Levantine Carlists, got elected to the Congress of Deputies from Castellón as one of the first Traditionalist deputies of the Restoration era. In course of his first tenure he actively engaged in defence of regional establishments during gamazada, an attempt on part of the Liberal government to modernise the administration and scrap the 1841 semi-autonomous fiscal Navarrese establishments; he was the only non-Navarrese deputy to vote against the proposal. 12 years later he was rewarded with the title of Navarrese hijo adoptivo in return. In 1896 he successfully ran from the Catalan Gerona and was re-elected from the same constituency in 1898. In 1899 the claimant Carlos VII decided not to field an official list permitting only individual candidatures, but Lloréns was engaged in staging insurgency rather than running for the parliament he just planned to overthrow.

In 1901 Lloréns resumed his deputy career, this time from the stronghold Carlist Navarrese district of Estella. Though his first Estellese victory was not impressive (54%), he trashed his rivals in the following campaigns of 1903–1907. No-one dared to confront him in the 1910–1916 period and he was declared a deputy according to the famous Article 29, sealing the Carlist domination of the province, though he had to face competition in his last 1918 electoral campaign. He is noted for successful lobbying for construction of the schools (including what is now Casa Consistorial), water pipes and military barracks. As a Carlist he voiced against the visit of Alfonso XIII in Estella in 1903; when it actually took place, Lloréns left the city for duration of the royal visit. In 1917 he spoke in favour of the navarrese autonomy and took part in the 1918 local assembly which called for full reincorporation of the pre-1839 local Navarrese arrangements; as the conflict between radical antitreintainuevistas and moderate cuarentaiunistas mounted, Lloréns sided with the former.

As a Carlist deputy Lloréns set a number of still holding records. He is the most-elected Carlist Navarrese deputy ever (8 times, ex-aequo with Vázquez de Mella), the most victorious Carlist candidate in Navarrese elections (99.5% of the votes cast in 1907), the longest serving Carlist deputy ever (24 years, 1893 to 1919 with the break in 1899–1901, the longest continuously serving Carlist deputy ever (18 years, 1901 to 1919), and the most-elected Carlist deputy ever (11 times).

Conspirator

In 1898–1899 Lloréns took part in preparations for an aborted Carlist coup. He was among the hawks, pressing for insurgency against reluctance of the cautious leaders; the Alfonsist press widely considered him sort of clandestine Carlist “minister of war”. In 1905 Lloréns reported allusively to Carlos VII that anti-liberal demonstrators in Levante carried a high potential for rebellion.

In 1910 the new Carlist claimant Don Jaime recognized Lloréns as chief military adviser by summoning him to the Frohsdorf residence and appointing him to re-organise Requeté, an organization set up 3 years earlier by Juan María Roma and originally designed as a sporting and outdoor grouping for 12- to 16-year-olds. The move marked a major change in the Carlist war doctrine, shifting focus from conspiracy among professional officers to a popular militia rising.

The plan envisioned that Requeté becomes less of a scouting group and more of a paramilitary organization. Lloréns, reporting to political Carlist leader Bartolomé Feliú Pérez (marqués de Cerralbo after 1912) and Don Jaime himself, strived to build a nationwide network; he wrote regulations for local and comarca units, nominated provincial and regional leaders, and set up Junta Central Tradicionalista Organizadora de los Requetés de Cataluña. His intention was to bring more experienced military staff into the organization, so that under their command it could form local combat units capable of staging military action for the Carlist cause, should the opportunity arise. The only region where the organization developed into a significant structure was Catalonia, mostly thanks to the local Requeté commander, Matías Lloréns Palau.

The paramilitary build-up did not lead to action since despite the assassination of Canalejas, division within the conservatives, anarchist unrest and the looming European war, the situation in Spain remained fairly stable; belligerent enthusiasm of Requeté, Juventud Jaimista and possibly Lloréns himself was frustrated. Eventually the organization scheme as created by Lloréns survived some 20 years, until it was restructured by José Luis Zamanillo. It actually slipped into a decline starting 1914, suffering from growing coolness between enthusiastically Germanophile Lloréns and the Francophone claimant. It is possible that in the summer of 1917 Lloréns planned to provoke an unauthorized rebellion in Navarre, but these designs came to nothing. Requeté stagnated further on in 1916–1919, as in terms of popular mobilization Carlism was increasingly outpaced by the Conservatives. At the outbreak of the Mellista crisis in 1918 Lloréns seemed disoriented; since 1914 at odds with the Carlist king, accused of abuse of power and sidetracked, he stayed loyal to his king. Defeated in Estella in 1919, he eventually withdrew from politics; other sources quote his declining health. By the end of his life he served as alcalde of Ontinyent, where he died during the very last months of the detested Alfonsist monarchy.

See also
 Carlism
 Third Carlist War
 Restoration (Spain)
 Requetés

Footnotes

Further reading
 Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, , [in:] Historia contemporánea 10 (1997),
 Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, , Madrid 2000,
 Julio Aróstegui, , Madrid 2013,
 Sebastian Cerro Guerrero, , [in:] Principe de Viana 49 (1988),
 Jesús María Fuente Langas, , [in:]  51 (1990),
 Eduardo González Calleja, , Madrid 1998, , 9788400077785
 Eduardo González Calleja, Julio Aróstegui, , [in:] Historia Contemporanea 11 (1994)
 Francisco de Paula, , volume II, Barcelona 1888

External links
 Terç de Montserrat roll of the dead video (in Catalan)
 at Gran Enciclopedia Navarra
 at Euskomedia
 at Indice Historico de Diputados
 Llorens family explained
 father in detail
 and municipal initiatives in Valencia
 Llorens rifle registered
 Melilla 1909 correspondence
 and 1908 Segovia monument
 and Estella barracks
 and Onteniente
 alcalde of Onteniente
 having been hit by a bullet, a song from 3CW
 obituary
 Carlist siege of Bilbao song

1854 births
1930 deaths
Artists from Valencia
Spanish Roman Catholics
Carlists
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration
Politicians from the Valencian Community
Spanish colonels
Spanish essayists
Spanish male writers
Spanish inventors
Spanish military engineers
Writers from the Valencian Community
19th-century Spanish painters
19th-century male artists
Spanish male painters
20th-century Spanish painters
20th-century male artists
Male essayists


title: Eric Crake

text:
Eric Hamilton Crake (25 January 1886 – 3 February 1948) was a Scottish cricketer. He was born at Madras in the British Raj, to Emily Noble Chase and the merchant and footballer William Crake.

Educated at Harrow School, where he captained the school's cricket team in 1905 and 1906, Crake was a batsman of unknown handedness. He made one appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) against Oxford University in 1912 at the University Parks, Oxford. He batted once in the match, scoring a single run in the MCC's first-innings, before he was dismissed by Neville Fraser. The match ended in a draw.

He died at Nakuru in Kenya on 3 February 1948. His brother Ralph Crake was also a first-class cricketer.

References

External links
Eric Crake at ESPNcricinfo

1886 births
1948 deaths
Cricketers from Chennai
People educated at Harrow School
Scottish cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
English cricketers of 1890 to 1918
British people in colonial India


title: Pranamam

text:
Pranamam is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Bharathan and produced by Joy Thomas. The film stars Mammootty, Suhasini Mani Ratnam, Nedumudi Venu and Ashokan. The film handles a socially relevant theme and has musical score by Ouseppachan. This movie was remade in Tamil as Puyal Paadum Paattu

Plot
Usha (Suhasini) is a journalist. She decides to write an article on drug abuse by college students and does a photo feature on the issue. The article gets published and the students who appeared in the photos are suspended from their college. One of them,  Georgekutty attempts suicide in shame and gets admitted in the hospital. The college students go into a rebellion against the newspaper and create a lot of problems, which are solved temporarily by a tactful police officer, Prathapan (Mammootty).

A gang of four students led by Damu (Ashokan) and Appukkuttan (Vineeth) kidnaps Usha, locks her up inside Damu's banglow, harasses and injects her with drugs. Usha later saves the boys when a fire breaks out at the banglow. The gang takes care of her when she falls ill. Usha gets to know the family background of each member of the gang. All except for Damu are from financially struggling families. Damu is from a rich,  but dysfunctional family with his mother incarcerated in a mental asylum. Damu attempts suicide on his birthday,  but is saved by his friends and Usha.

Prathapan visit the banglow searching for Usha. He beats up the boys during interrogation when Usha comes out defending the boys. Prathapan,  a family friend of Usha is visibly seen close to Usha. Prathapan settles the issue and depart in friendly terms. They all together visit Usha's house  where marriage is fixed between Usha and Prathapan.

Meanwhile, George Kutty dies. And an angry mob who sees Usha during the funeral procession attacks her and beats her to death during the clash.

Cast
 Mammootty as DSP Minnal Prathapan
Suhasini Mani Ratnam as Usha Warrier
Ashokan as Damu
Vineeth as Appukuttan
Nedumudi Venu as Warrier
Babu Antony as Ajith
Prathapachandran as Chackochan
K.P.A.C. Lalitha as Appukkuttan's sister
Achankunju as Chandran's father
Thodupuzha Vasanthi
 Valsala Menon as Damu's mother

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ouseppachan, with lyrics by Bharathan.

The song "Thaalam Maranna Tharattu" is set in Bharathan's favourite raagam, Hindolam.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Bharathan
Films scored by Ouseppachan


title: Veendum

text:
Veendum is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Joshiy starring Mammootty, Ratheesh, Jayashree and Geethu Mohandas in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Ouseppachan.

Cast

Mammootty as Vijaya Chandran
Jayashree as Lalitha
Ratheesh as Robert d'Souza
Lalu Alex as Sukumaran
Baiju as Bike Passenger
Geethu Mohandas as Anu
Kollam AjithRobert's henchman
Kunchan as Kuttappan
Lalithasree
M. G. Soman as Alex
Mala Aravindan as Sreekar (Driver)
Noohu
P. K. Abraham
Rajasekharan
Santhakumari as Sukumari
Vettoor Purushan One of the Ghosts in Morchary (cameo)

Kothuku Nanappan One of the Ghosts in Morchary (cameo)

Synopsis

On receiving news that her father is admitted in hospital, Lalitha returns to Kerala with her daughter from Mumbai. Her husband Sukumaran was a journalist in Mumbai and was killed a few years ago by an underworld don, Robert d'Souza, for publishing news against his illegal smuggling activities. Now, as his deals have been on a diminishing note, Robert had returned to Kerala with his remaining valuables. However, Kerala police had received information on his arrival via bus, and he was chased by police. Robert manages to escape from the bus and snatches a bike on the way. The bike skids off the road and Robert has an injury. Police search for him in the nearby vicinity, where they found the bike. Coincidentally, it happens to be the neighbourhood of Lalitha's house. Unaware of the same, Robert breaks into Lalitha's house. Though police arrive for searching Lalitha's house, she assuredly tells them that Robert has not broken into her house. Owing to this, the police leave without searching.

Lalitha then goes to hospital, and returns by evening. She then traces the presence of someone in the house. In order to escape from the stranger in the house, she runs to the car. However, Robert follows her to the car. Robert tries to prevent her from moving. Lalitha bangs him on his head with a torch, and as he is dead, she drops the corpse in the beach and returns as if nothing had happened.

Vijaya Chandran, a businessman, follows Lalitha. Though she is not happy in meeting him, he follows her. Once, he visits Lalitha's father and introduces him as Sukumaran's friend in Mumbai. He also reveals a proposal to Lalitha, which she denies. He then reveals to Lalitha what good friends they were. He is an IPS officer in Mumbai fighting against the underworld. However, after the death of Sukumaran, he is quite a bit down in his approach. She is also informed that Robert is not dead and is still following her. Whether they succeed against Robert concludes the story.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ouseppachan and the lyrics were written by Shibu Chakravarthy.

Box office
The film was a commercial failure

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Ouseppachan
Films directed by Joshiy


title: Ee Kaikalil

text:
Ee Kaikalil () is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by K. Madhu and produced by Prem Prakash. The film is a remake of the 1974 Hindi film Majboor. The film stars Mammootty, Seema, Shobhana and Ratheesh. The film has musical score by Johnson and A. J. Joseph. It was a commercial failure.

Cast
 Mammootty as Sultan Abdul Razak
 Ratheesh as Jayadevan
 Janardanan as Madhava Menon
 Thilakan as Ummachan
 Prem Prakash as Police Officer
 Kunchan as Khadir
 Innocent as Ittoopp
 Seema as Saritha
 Shobhana as Viji Balakrishnan
 Sukumari

Soundtrack
The music was composed by A. J. Joseph and the lyrics were written by K. Jayakumar.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Malayalam remakes of Hindi films
Films directed by K. Madhu


title: Carcavelos e Parede

text:
Carcavelos e Parede is a civil parish in the municipality of Cascais, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Carcavelos and Parede. The population in 2011 was 45,007, in an area of 8.11 km².

References


title: Rip Raps Plantation

text:
Rip Raps Plantation, also known as the James McBride Dabbs House, is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Sumter, Sumter County, South Carolina. It was the home of James McBride Dabbs, author and leading advocate for social justice and civil rights (1896-1970).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Architecture
The structure encompasses four contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures. The house was built in 1858, and is a two-story, frame vernacular Greek Revival dwelling with twin facades. Each facade features a two-story, full width, pedimented portico supported by six paneled piers. Also on the property are a log smokehouse (c. 1830), a two-story carriage house (c. 1830), and a barn.

Ownership

According to Edith Mitchell Dabbs the land under Rip Raps Plantation was "given to Peter Mellette" in the 1750s. It was subsequently purchased by the great-grandfather of James McBride Dabbs.

After James McBride Dabbs' death it was willed to his wife, Edith Mitchell Dabbs, and subsequently their son, James M. Dabbs, Jr. (1937–2004), after Edith passed in 1991.

References
Footnotes

Sources

External links
Everything Happens at the Crossroads

Plantation houses in South Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Greek Revival houses in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1858
Houses in Sumter County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Sumter County, South Carolina


title: Luxgen S5

text:
The Luxgen S5, or formerly known as the Luxgen5 Sedan, is a 5-seater compact sedan car which it is produced by the Taiwanese car company Luxgen.

Overview
The S5 is the first car developed entirely in Taiwan. It was styled by the Hua-chuang Automobile Information Technical Center (HAITEC) and its design center led by James C. Shyr. It was unveiled in November 2011 as the electric concept car Neora at the Taipei Auto Show, officially launching in the second quarter of 2012. Luxgen5 Sedan is the first sedan of Luxgen series. It has a 1.8-liter turbo charged petrol engine or a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder turbo charged petrol engine giving 191 hp hp/28 kgm (2.0 L) and 171 hp hp/27.1 kgm (1.8 L). It also has Think+ and Eagle View features for night-vision and 360 degrees vision. The starting price is around $23,000.

References

External links
 Luxgen Dominican Republic
 Luxgen S5 Official Taiwanese Website

S5
Cars introduced in 2011
2011 establishments in Taiwan
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Compact cars
Sedans


title: Arthur Pierce Butler

text:
Arthur Pierce Butler was an American teacher and educational administrator. Butler co-founded the Morristown School (now the Morristown-Beard School) in Morristown, New Jersey, with former Harvard University classmates Francis Woodman and Thomas Quincy Brown.

Early life and education

Butler was born to Edward Knowles Butler and Frances Elizabeth Lewis Pierce on April 21, 1866, in Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from the Roxbury Latin School in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1884. Butler then received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1888. Following his graduation from college, he began working for the Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Company. Butler led the company's branch office in San Francisco and then started their branch office in Chicago.

Teaching career

Butler began his teaching career as an instructor at St. Bartholomew's School in Morristown, New Jersey. After reorganizing St. Bartholomew's School as the Morristown School, he served as an associate headmaster at the school (1898-1917). Upon the retirement of Woodman, Butler served as Morristown School's second headmaster until his retirement in 1926. George Tilghman succeeded him.

Dedication to Allen Keith

On November 27, 1921, a large fire destroyed the Rialto Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut. Allen Keith, a student at Yale University and an alumnus of Morristown School, died while rescuing women and children fleeing the fire. Sharing a tribute to Keith, Butler wrote:

"Though not a brilliant student, his grades were satisfactory. His response to the general school requirements was uniformly credible as shown in punctuality, physical training, and conduct, though there were occasional lapses in the latter quite characteristic of the prankishness of boyhood. Of a gentle and somewhat sensitive disposition, he was only just beginning to find channels for the expression of the more vigorous qualities. When he left Morristown, he was giving promise for good all-round development characteristic of a wholesome, normal boy."

Military career and war service

Butler served with the Morristown Battalion of the New Jersey Militia Reserve. During World War I, he chaired the organization in Monroe, New Jersey, that facilitated Liberty Loans, war bonds that supported military costs.

Family

Butler married Lydia Raquet Farnham on August 8, 1906. They had two children together: Arthur Pierce, Jr. and Edwin Farnham.

References

Schoolteachers from New Jersey
Harvard University alumni
People from Morristown, New Jersey
1866 births
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
Roxbury Latin School alumni


title: Nyayavidhi

text:
Nyayavidhi is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Joshiy and produced by Joy Thomas. The film stars Mammootty, Shobhana, Sukumaran and Lalu Alex. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

Plot
Paramu and Johnny frame Unnithan for a murder of a Govt. Official committed by the latter. They manage to do so with corrupt policeman's help, steal businessman Unnithan's black money, trap Malayil Thomas, another businessman, and become successful. Paramu squanders the money and chooses to work as a henchman for an Anglo-Indian businessman named McPherson and Johnny builds himself up as a businessman with the money. To avoid being captured in a raid, McPherson asks Paramu to safe-keep 100 lakhs (1 crore) of his unaccounted money for two months. Paramu entrusts the money to Johnny, but they fall out because of Unnithan's daughter, Geetha, who now is a low life due to circumstances. Paramu marries Geetha out of guilt and Johnny becomes his enemy. Johnny becomes paranoid and starts to eliminate everyone who he distrusts. Johnny with the help of Mathews informs McPherson that Paramu has run off with the money, and they two join hands to eliminate Paramu and retrieve the money. In the end, Johnny shoots Paramu and vice versa and die near the fields where they committed their first murder together.

Cast

Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan with lyrics by Shibu Chakravarthy.

Box office
The film was average.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Joshiy


title: Goth Shaikhan

text:
'Goth Shaikhan is a neighbourhood of Keamari Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Neighbourhoods of Karachi


title: Cascais e Estoril

text:
Cascais e Estoril is a civil parish in the municipality of Cascais, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Cascais and Estoril. The population in 2011 was 61,808, in an area of 29.16 km².

References


title: Ausforming

text:
Ausforming, also known as low and high temperature thermomechanical treatments, is a method used to increase the hardness and toughness of an alloy by simultaneously tempering, rapid cooling, deforming and quenching  to change its shape and refine the microstructure. This treatment is an important part in the processing of steel.

References

Metal heat treatments
Steelmaking


title: 7 Splinters in Time

text:
7 Splinters in Time is a 2018 American independent science fiction film produced by Red Giant Media, written and directed by Gabriel Judet-Weinshel and filmed by cinematographer George Nicholas. The film is described by reviewers as neo-noir, and had the working title Omphalos.

Plot
A detective investigates a murder, only to find that the victim is himself. Soon, he discovers multiple versions of himself, not all of them friendly.

Darius Lefaux is a gumshoe detective. His career is in shambles, his romantic life is comically void, and his only real human connection a cantankerous old woman who lives next door. One day a murder comes in, and Darius is summoned to view the body. But there’s something very strange about this one. The body is ... him. The body is identical to Darius's.

Memories begin to haunt Darius, fragments of events that don't make sense. As the plot thickens, more duplicates of Darius emerge. One version is trying to kill him. In a race against the clock, Darius sets out to find this other self before it finds him.

Meanwhile, John Luka—an old ally of Darius and an eccentric, out-of-work juggler—learns that his friend may be in trouble. We learn that Luka was involved in a time travel experiment run amok, left scarred and destitute by the ordeal. Re-invigorated by the chance to help his friend, he sets out in search of Fyodor Wax, the father of the experiment, hoping Fyodor will lead him to his "brother Darius" before it’s too late.

As Darius chips away at the case of his multiple selves, he is reunited with Alise, a beautiful woman from his past. A long-buried, yet troubled, romance is reignited. More memories surface—from a life they once had together, a life interrupted by an accident on a desert road ten years ago. When Luka finds Darius, the two men learn more about their shrouded past and the scientific experiment that links their existence, and it's suddenly clear what has to be done.

Darius and Luka journey to a secret site called "Omphalos," where they hope to put a stop to the disastrous experiment that may be at the root of their troubles. But the road to "Omphalos" isn't quite as it seems. The journey outward becomes a journey inward.

Cast
 Al Sapienza
 Ashley Nicole Anderson
 Austin Pendleton
 Edoardo Ballerini
 Emmanuelle Chriqui
 Giuliana Carullo
 Greg Bennick
 Lynn Cohen
 Sarah Sokolovic
 Sean Gaffney

Concept
This film is writer-director Judet-Weinshel's debut full-length feature. Judet-Weinshel relates that he had two feature scripts in development in 2008 when an economic recession left the studios "risk-averse" and caused work on the scripts to stall. Eventually he and cinematographer George Nicholas started filming images that they used to raise investment capital to complete 7 Splinters in Time on a "micro-budget." The film attracted an outstanding cast, made a successful showing at the 2018 Cinequest San Jose Film Festival, and was picked up for distribution.

Reception
The Austin Chronicle gave the film a positive review, emphasizing the artistic quality of the concept and film editing. Film critic Richard Whitaker said of the film, "7 Splinters in Time is free jazz, and Judet-Weinshel finds echoes and frequencies in the form and the content." Whitaker went on to quote writer-director Judet-Weinshel, "Film is a form of time travel," he said. "It's a form of bricolage. You're cutting up time."

Variety gave the film a negative review, with reviewer Nick Schrager describing it as "scattershot" and "edited to ribbons in a schizoid manner that likely only makes complete sense to its maker." The review continued with a  pan for the cast and writer-director: "Judet-Weinshel’s blitzkrieg aesthetics muddy his tale, whose themes of fate, sacrifice and salvation get lost in the convulsive shuffle."

The Los Angeles Times also panned the film, with critic Kimber Myers calling it an "intellectual exercise" that failed to ground with any kind of emotion. "Despite an ambitious premise and style," the review stated, "the neo-noir sci-fi indie is a fractured narrative that can’t achieve what its lofty ideas intend."

Awards
New Vision Award from Cinequest San Jose Film Festival 2018

References

External links

2018 films
2018 science fiction films
American science fiction films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


title: Nandi Veendum Varika

text:
Nandi Veendum Varika () is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film produced by M. Sunil Kumar under SS Movie Production, directed by P. G. Viswambharan and written jointly by Jagadish and Sreenivasan. It features an ensemble cast of Mammootty, Suresh Gopi, Urvashi, M. G. Soman and Sreenivasan in the lead roles. The cinematography was handled by Vipin Mohan. The film features original songs and score composed by Shyam.

The film revolves around Mohandas C. K. (Mammootty), a teacher who on being forced by his father (Sankaradi) joins the police force as a Sub-inspector. However, he is reluctant to become a police officer as he is scared and cowardly in nature. He gets his first posting in a village were corruption is rampant. The plot explores how he overcomes his cowardly nature and brings the corrupt Ananthan Nair (M. G. Soman) to justice.

The film was shot extensively in and around Ottasekharamangalam in Thiruvananthapuram district. Principal photography was done in 1-1.5 months. The film was released on 12 September 1986 on the occasion of Onam and was a commercial failure. The film was among the few commercially unsuccessful films in which Mammootty had starred in that year. However, the film has over the years acquired a cult following. The film was later remade into Tamil as Kavalukku Kettikaran.

Plot
Mohandas is the son of Chathukutty, a police constable, who dreams of making him a sub-inspector of police. Mohandas, however, is happy as a teacher in a tutorial college, and does not wish to take up the job as he is a coward by nature. He tries to fail the written exam for SI selection, but his father uses his influence to get him selected and then emotionally blackmails him to join. After finishing his training, he joins a police station in a village where Ananthan Nair is a de facto king. Ananthan Nair owns all the big businesses and is a close friend of the police big wigs, with whose help he indulges in a number of nefarious activities including bootlegging. He also exploits the poor farmers in the region. When Balan opposes his actions, he gets Balan beaten up by his goons, and rapes Balan's wife, who subsequently commits suicide. When Mohandas arrives to take charge at the local police station, he initially sides with Ananthan Nair due to his cowardice. With the help of Damodaran, another school teacher, he overcomes his fear and proceeds to help the population and take action against Ananthan Nair.

Cast
Mammootty as Mohandas C. K.
Suresh Gopi as Balan
Urvashi as Devayani
M. G. Soman as Ananthan Nair
Sreenivasan as Damodharan
Sankaradi as Chathukutty
Sukumari as Madhavi
Adoor Bhasi as Vishnu Nampoothiri
Kuthiravattam Pappu as Mukundan
Poojappura Ravi as Mathachan
Jagannatha Varma
Jagadish
Thodupuzha Vasanthi as Ananthan Nair's wife
K. P. A. C. Azeez as Right hand of Ananthan Nair
Uma Bharani as Balan's wife

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Shyam and the lyrics were written by Chunakkara Ramankutty.

Reception
The film was a commercial failure.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Indian comedy-drama films
Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram
Malayalam films remade in other languages
Films directed by P. G. Viswambharan


title: Special Forces Command (Cambodia)

text:
The Special Forces Command (), previously known as the 911th Special Forces Regiment until July 2020, is the special forces unit of the Royal Cambodian Army. Most of its commandos have graduated from training under Kopassus instructors. In order to graduate from the school, all cadets have to pass the test set. On passing, cadets receive their own red beret and a wings badge.

The Special Forces Command has multiple units, including snipers, naval units, and an anti-terrorist division.

Organization and structure

The Operation Base of the Special Forces Command is near Takethmey Village, Kambol Commune, Angsnoul District, Kandal Province. This unit is under direct command of the High Command Headquarters of Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. The Special Forces Command has seven branches with 14 battalions under their control.

Following units is distributed in the Battalions:
 Commando 1 to Commando 4 (Airborne Commando)
 Commando 5 to Commando 9 (Attack Commando)
 Commando 10 to Commando 12 (Support Commando)
 Special Group 13 (Close Protection)
 Counter-terrorist Group 14
Total staff 5,000

Counter terrorist 14 Group is Cambodian first specialized anti terrorist unit, and is the command SWAT component. Counter terrorist 14 Group support law enforcement in anti terrorist operations

The SF regularly conduct trainings and joint exercises such as:
 Special forces 6 course (commando Red Barret)
 Airborne 11 Course (para)
 Freefall 3 Course
 Scuba 3 Course (Chhak Sea)
 Terrorist Counter 3 Course (T.O)
 Training has also been conducted in Indonesia under a special program at Batujajar.  is located 22 kilometers from Bandung (West Java), where SF soldiers have been trained in parachute jumping and Landing zone tactics.

Equipment
The special forces' equipment varies from that of the rest of the army.  For example, the AK-47 (Type 56) rifle, although reliable and abundant, is not accurate, and is too powerful for safe use by elite units specializing in close-quarters combat and hostage situations.

The forces are the first confirmed foreign user of the QBZ-97.

The forces now are equipped with the M4 Carbine and Norinco CQ-A.

References

Special forces units and formations
Special forces of Cambodia
Military units and formations established in 1953


title: Teleset

text:
Teleset is a television production company based in Bogotá, Colombia. It produced Metástasis, the Spanish-language remake of Breaking Bad.

Teleset's portfolio contains popular telenovelas such as La Baby Sister, The Useless One, Love in Custody, Three Miracles. Working hand in hand with SPT, Teleset has been a pioneer in the TV series genre with programs such as Rosario Tijeras, La prepago, Metastasis, Niñas mal, Popland, Lady, La sellera derosas, La Reina del Flow, El mariachi, En la mouth of the wolf, among others. In the entertainment part, Teleset has produced Colombian versions of world-renowned formats such as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Robinson Expedition, Factor X, Popstars, Colombia has talent, among others.

History
Teleset was founded in 1995 and is one of Colombia's largest independent television producers. On January 29, 2009, Sony Pictures Television International acquired a 50% stake in the company. On April 1, 2009, Sony Pictures Entertainment consolidated Teleset with its other US and international television companies under the SPT roof such as 2waytraffic, Embassy Row, Starling, and Lean-M. Teleset also has a division in Mexico.

Titles
The company's productions include:
   La reina soy yo
 Amor en Custodia

 La Baby Sister
 Rosario Tijeras
 Cuando quiero llorar no lloro

 Los Protegidos
 El Inútil
 Isa TK+
 Señorita Pólvora

Teleset has also produced local versions of the following foreign series:

References

External links
 Official website
Teleset at Sony Pictures Television

1995 establishments in Colombia
Companies based in Bogotá
Mass media companies established in 1995
Television production companies of Colombia
Sony Pictures Television
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Colombian companies established in 1995
Sony Pictures Television telenovelas


title: Snehamulla Simham

text:
Snehamulla Simham () is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language romantic drama film produced by P. T. Xavier under Vijaya Movies, directed by Sajan and written by M. D. Ajayghosh. It stars Mammootty, Nalini, Mukesh and Lalu Alex in lead roles. The film features original songs composed by Shyam, cinematography was done by Anandakuttan. The film revolves around Maya, who falls in love with her professor, Vaishankaran. However, Vaishankaran, an alcoholic doesn't approve of her love. The film is based on the novel written by M. D. Ajayghosh.

Premise
Maya (Nalini), a confident college student from a wealthy family falls for her recently joined professor Vaishakan (Mammootty). In a college arts festival, Vaishakan criticizes her poem and after that she takes a fancy to him.

Vaishakan from bad experiences in his personal life has become disillusioned, embittered, and anti-authoritarian and does not care much about his life. His fellow professor, Venu (Lalu Alex) an old friend who hasn't seen him in some time, encourages him to give up his alcoholism and pursue a stable family life.

Her family wish for her to marry Mohan (Mukesh) who is the son of a family friend and is considered by her family a suitable alliance. In the meantime, Vaisakhan has no interest in Maya's romantic feelings and clashes with her family.

The movie explores Vaishakan's background story and why he has become so embittered. It also explores the experience of a headstrong and confident young woman like Maya in a conventional Kerala household.

Cast

Mammootty as M. A. Vaishakan
Nalini as Maya S. Menon
Mukesh as Mohan Menon
Lalu Alex as Venu
Priya as Lathika
Menaka as Vilasini Venu
Jose Prakash as Menon
Santhosh as Hari S. Menon
Mala Aravindan as Kuttan
Paravoor Bharathan as Karunakaran Pillai
Sukumari as Kamalamma
Prathapachandran as C. R.
Adoor Bhavani as Paruvamma
Unnimary as Sudha
K. P. A. C. Azeez as P. C. Kurup
Lalithasree as Cameo Appearance
Kollam Ajith as Cameo Appearance
Mamukkoya as Cameo Appearance

Soundtrack

Songs
The music was composed by Shyam and the lyrics were written by Chunakkara Ramankutty.

Background Score
The background score of this film won rave reviews from critics.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films based on Malayalam novels
Films directed by Sajan


title: Manchester Village Spartans RUFC

text:
The Manchester Village Spartans RUFC is Manchester's gay and inclusive rugby union football team based at Sale Sports Club, Manchester.

The club welcomes players at all skill levels who do and do not identify as LGBT, and has both Rugby Union and Touch Rugby teams.

The club is a full and founding member of International Gay Rugby Association and Board (IGRAB), and in 2012 it hosted the Bingham Cup, the international gay and inclusive rugby championship.

History
The Village Spartans were founded in 1998 in Manchester, UK, becoming the second gay and inclusive team in the United Kingdom, after the Kings Cross Steelers in 1995. This was in response to the hostile environment encountered by players at the time trying to participate within non-inclusive teams, and sought to establish a gay and inclusive team to counter this.

In August 1999, the Village Spartans and Kings Cross Steelers played the first match between two gay and inclusive rugby clubs in the United Kingdom. The Steelers won 22-15.
This initial match evolved into the annual Pioneers Cup, which both the Spartans and Steelers host on a rotating basis. As both clubs have expanded multiple squads from both clubs compete in matches of similar skilled sides.

In 2002 the club changed its club colours to the Rainbow Flag of the LGBT Community, colours which have been retained throughout various kit designs ever since.

In 2012 the Spartans hosted the Bingham Cup, an international tournament for gay and inclusive teams from over a dozen countries, often termed the ‘gay rugby world cup’ for its scale.

In 2017 the Spartans bid for the 2019 Union Cup, a Pan-European gay and inclusive rugby tournament, losing out to the Emerald Warriors RFC from Dublin, Ireland.

2017 marked the first time the Spartans sent three teams to an international competition, with the 3rd (3XV) team winning the bronze bowl.

In 2017 the Spartans launched a full-time Touch Rugby programme, representing the world's first inclusive touch rugby club, and the first-time all people were able to join the club as players, regardless of sex or gender.

 the Touch programme play in the newly founded IGR Touch series, local leagues, the yearly Pride in Touch Tournament, and the England Touch Association National Touch Series.

In 2019 the Spartans sent two teams to the pan-European gay and inclusive rugby tournament, the Union Cup. The 1st team made it to the final of the Union Cup division, losing to the Kings Cross Steelers 1st team, and placing as Union Cup runners up, and second in the tournament overall.
The Spartans 2nd team made it to the final of the Challenger Cup division, winning the final and the Challenger Cup.

In 2019 the Spartans celebrated their 20th anniversary, with a series of birthday projects including the creation of a photographic celebration of inclusive rugby, 'Portraits of Pride' and culminating in a fundraising gala event in Manchester attended by players from across the global inclusive rugby game, rugby union celebrities and representatives of government and sporting agencies, recognising the club's contribution to the promotion and growth of inclusive rugby and marking the Manchester Village Spartans RUFC as the second oldest Gay and Inclusive rugby club in the world, still in existence today.

In 2022, the first IGR Touch Series took place in both the North and South with 7 teams taking part in the North. The Spartans Touch placed 1st for the overall series followed by Chester Centurions then Leeds Hunters.

At present, the club has the following teams:

 Manchester Village Spartans 1XV – North West Intermediate League Division 4 South
 Manchester Village Spartans 2XV – IGR North - League 1
 Manchester Village Spartans 3XV - IGR North - League 2
 Manchester Village Spartans Touch Team - IGR Northern Touch Series

The Spartans club house is the Sale Sports Club, based in Sale, Trafford.

Name and kit
The Spartans take their name from the Spartans of Ancient Greece, whose warrior culture encouraged and celebrated male sexual and romantic love as a form of camaraderie and strength.

Since 2002 the club colours have been the rainbow flag of the LGBT community, and have been retained in various kit redesigns over the years. The Spartans are unique as the only UK gay and inclusive team to prominently feature the rainbow flag on their kit.

The logo shows a Spartan helmet with a rainbow plume, and the club has the moto Unione Fortior which means Strength in Union.

Charitable Status
The Manchester Village Spartans have community amateur sports club (CASC) status, Scheme Number CH10207, a status different from charity status but conveying some of the same benefits.

Results in Leagues and Tournaments

2021 / 22

Touch Team
IGR Northern Touch Series - 1st Place
Pride in Touch Tournament - 3rd put of 8

2018 / 19
1XV - Union Cup - Union Division - (2nd place) Union Cup Runners Up
2XV - Union Cup - Challenger Division - (1st place) Challenger Cup Winners
1XV - North West Intermediate League - Div 3 South
2XV - IGR North League - 4th out of 7

2017 / 18
1XV - North West Intermediate League – Div 3 South (10th Place)
2XV - North West Intermediate League – Div 5 East (10th Place)
1XV – Bingham Cup – Bingham Division - 12th out of 24
2XV – Bingham Cup – Challenger Division - 22nd out of 22

2016 / 17
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 3 South (10th Place)
2XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5 East (10th Place)
1XV Union Cup – Cup – Semi Final
2XV Union Cup – Plate - Placed 10th
3XV Union Cup – Bowl – Bronze

2015 / 16
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 4 East (2nd Place, promoted)

2013 / 14
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (4th Place)
2XV Birmingham Touch Tournament – (2nd Place)
1XV Bingham Cup - Sydney

2012 / 13
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (3rd Place)
1XV Hadrian's Cup – Newcastle, UK (2nd Place)
1XV Friendly Tour – Madrid, Spain (Friendly)
2XV Union Cup – Bristol, UK (3rd place)

2011 / 12
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (6th Place)
1XV Bingham Cup – Manchester, UK
2XV Bingham Cup – Manchester, UK
3XV Bingham Cup – Manchester, UK

2010 / 11
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (5th Place)
1XV Union Cup – Amsterdam, Netherlands
1XV Hadrian's Cup - Newcastle, UK (2nd)

2009 / 10
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (3rd Place)
1XV Bingham Cup – Minneapolis, USA
1XV Hadrian's Cup - Newcastle, UK

2008 / 09
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 4E (14th Place)
1XV Union Cup – London, UK
1XV Hadrian's Cup - Newcastle, UK

2007 / 08
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5S (6th Place)
1XV Bingham Cup – Dublin, Ireland
2XV Bingham Cup – Dublin, Ireland
1XV Hadrian's Cup - Newcastle, UK (1st)

2006 / 07
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5E (13th Place)
1XV Friendly Tour – Cologne, Germany (Friendly)

2005 / 06
1XV North West Intermediate League – Div 5S (12th Place)
1XV Bingham Cup – New York, USA

2004 / 05
1XV Union Cup, Montpelier, France

2003 / 04
1XV Bingham Cup – London, UK

2002 / 03
1XV Bingham Cup – San Francisco, USA

2001 / 02
1XV – Washington Invitational, Washington DC, USA

References

External links

Rugby union teams in England
LGBT sports organisations in the United Kingdom
Sport in Manchester
International Gay Rugby member clubs
LGBT culture in Manchester


title: The Island of Desire

text:
The Island of Desire is a lost 1917 silent film adventure directed by Otis Turner, produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation and starring George Walsh.

Cast
George Walsh - Bruce Chalmers
Patricia Palmer - Leila Denham
Anna Luther - Miss Needham
Herschel Mayall - Henry Sayres
William Burress - Tuan Yuck
William Clifford - Toari
Kamuela C. Searle - Tomi(*billed Sam Searles)
Hector Sarno - Hamuka
Marie McKeen - Ella Sayers
Willard Louis - Sam Sweet
Don the Dog - canine

See also
1937 Fox vault fire

References

External links

1917 films
American silent feature films
Lost American adventure films
Fox Film films
1917 adventure films
Silent American adventure films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Otis Turner
1910s American films
1910s English-language films


title: Adukkan Entheluppam

text:
Adukkan Entheluppam is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by  Jeassy. The film stars Mammootty, Karthika, Shankar and Jose Prakash in lead roles. The film had musical score by Jerry Amaldev.

Cast

Mammootty as Srinivasan Nair
Shankar as Satheeshan
Karthika as Vimala
Ragini
Jose Prakash as Menon
Sukumari as Bharathi
M. G. Soman as Williams
Mala Aravindan as Markose
Adoor Bhasi as San Diego
Bahadoor as Peter
Valsala Menon as Dr. Jameela
Lalu Alex as Nandakumar
Vincent
Lizzy

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Jerry Amaldev and the lyrics were written by Bichu Thirumala.

References

External links

Films directed by Jeassy
1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Jerry Amaldev


title: Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca

text:
The Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca is an ancient Roman statue from the first half of the third century AD. The herm depicts the Greek philosopher Socrates on one side, and the Roman Stoic Seneca the Younger on the other. It currently belongs to the Antikensammlung Berlin, found in the Altes Museum.

Description
The two philosophers are joined together at the back of the head; their chests are in the shape of a herm. Both men have the usual cloak of a philosopher or orator above their left shoulder, although Socrates also wears an undershirt. The bearded Socrates is given a satyr-like form, as in literary descriptions and other portraits. Seneca, on the other hand, is depicted as clean-shaven with a receding hairline. His small, full-lipped mouth is pursed. It is speculated that the depiction of Seneca derives from a work created between AD 50 and 60—within the lifetime of the philosopher.

In ancient art, double herms were a common statue type. While in Greece they were displayed in public rooms, in the Roman empire they were shown in private spaces. Thus, the combination of the two philosophers here owed something to the personal inclinations of the person who commissioned it, even if it is not clear why these two philosophers were linked in particular. Probably it has to do with the fact that they were both forced to commit suicide. The presentation of philosophers (and poets) as double herms was the most common use of this genre. This parallel presentation is also seen in literature, for example in the Parallel Lives of Plutarch.

Identification
The double herm is important to scholarship since it is the only image that can certainly be said to depict Seneca. The attribution is proven by a Latin inscription on the left side of the bust (from the point of view of someone looking at Seneca), while Socrates is identified by a Greek inscription on the right hand side.  The identification of Socrates can be considered certain based on comparison with many other depictions of Socrates, many of which are of much better quality. The portrait of Seneca on the other hand is used today to identify other portraits and statues of Seneca.

References

Bibliography

 Max Kunze. "Doppelherme des Sokrates und Seneca," in Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Antikensammlung (ed.), Die Antikensammlung im Pergamonmuseum und in Charlottenburg. von Zabern, Mainz 1992, , pp. 215f.
 Socrates and Seneca. in Königliche Museen zu Berlin (ed.), Alexander Conze (foreword): Beschreibung der antiken Skulpturen mit Ausschluss der pergamenischen Fundstücke. Spemann, Berlin 1891, , pp. 158–159. (Directory-No. 391)

Archaeological discoveries in Italy
3rd-century Roman sculptures
Altes Museum
Cultural depictions of Socrates
Cultural depictions of Seneca the Younger
Busts of writers
Classical sculptures in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin


title: The Beauty of Vice

text:
The Beauty of Vice () is a 1986 Yugoslav drama film directed by Živko Nikolić.

The film sold 866,474 tickets at the box office.

Cast
 Mira Furlan - Jaglika
 Mima Karadžić - Luka
 Petar Božović - Žorž
 Alain Noury - Strani nudista
 Ines Kotman - Strana nudistkinja
 Mira Banjac - Milada

References

External links

1986 films
1986 drama films
Serbian drama films
Yugoslav drama films
Films set in Yugoslavia
Films set in Montenegro


title: Blaaz

text:
Nabil Franck Assani (born January 27, 1988), known by his stage name Blaaz, is a Beninese hip hop recording artist from Kano, Nigeria.

Biography
He appears for the first time on the album of Fool Faya in 2007.  During the same year Blaaz appears with Cyano-gêne on the single " Hard lyrical " followed by " Alerte Rouge " which was so much successfully that Cotonou City Crew decides to work in project with him. It was a very good collaboration which never stopped increasing the artist who begins by getting noticed through the single " Ou est ma monnaie " of the group CCC. A mixtape which was moreover the most downloaded song of the times. The success of this single also brought Blaaz in 2008 with the release of the single " Aller Retour " which also was the single which announced the  release of his first album entitled Ghetto Blaazter on December 26, 2008. Better song of 2008 with the single Aller Retour making him one of several media in Benin. Blaaz is then requested everywhere in Benin and insub-region for concerts and others etc.... From 2008 until the end of year 2010 we find him in the mixtape W.A.R. Things changed with time and Blaaz travelled to Gabon to sign an agreement with the gabonese label Eben Entertainment in 2011. With  Eben , he marks his return with a
new single " Le fou " which was the more downloaded song of the time. He is also present on the mixtape of  Eben Family 3  of the group  Eben  Entertainment  announced for 2012. With Nouvelle Donne Music, the beninese rapper signed his first single " Ne me laisse pas tomber ". He also took up his own label:  « Self-Made-Men » in the same year of 2012, what enabled him to be raised to the rank of third artist behind the group CCC the category of better artist or group of the year by the magazine U.M.A in 2013. Blaaz will make another
success thanks to his single " Je vais vous tuer tous " which moreover marked the beginning of year 2014.

References

Beninese male singers
1988 births
Living people
Musicians from Kano


title: Puli Varunne Puli

text:
Puli Varunne Puli is a 1985 Indian Malayalam film,  directed by Harikumar and produced by P. K. R. Pillai. The film stars Mammootty, Nedumudi Venu, Lissy and Unnimary in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Jerry Amaldev.

Cast

Mammootty as K. P. Jayaraman
Nedumudi Venu as R. Ramadasan
Lissy as Subhashini
Unnimary as Suhasini
Sukumari as Bhavaniyamma
Innocent as Tea Shop Owner
Thilakan as Kuttithanam Kurup
KPAC Lalitha as Sumathy
Bharat Gopy as Municipal Chairman
Idavela Babu as Babu
Karamana Janardanan Nair as Municipal Commissioner
 Sreenath as Nath
Kunchan as Kumar
 James as Hotel Manager
Ragini as Thulasi
Sandhya

Soundtrack

The music was composed by Jerry Amaldev and the lyrics were written by Bichu Thirumala.

References

External links

1985 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films scored by Jerry Amaldev


title: Lithomyrmex

text:
Lithomyrmex can refer to:
Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928, junior synonym of Stigmatomma
Lithomyrmex Carpenter, 1930, junior synonym of Eulithomyrmex


title: Toomre's stability criterion

text:
In astrophysics, Toomre's stability criterion (also known as the Safronov–Toomre criterion) is a relationship between parameters of a differentially rotating, gaseous accretion disc which can be used to determine approximately whether the system is stable.  In the case of a stationary gas, the Jeans stability criterion can be used to compare the strength of gravity with that of thermal pressure.  In the case of a differentially rotating disk, the shear force can provide an additional stabilizing force.

The Toomre criterion for a disk to be stable can be expressed as,

where  is the speed of sound (and measure of the thermal pressure),  is the epicyclic frequency, G is Newton's gravitational constant, and  is the surface density of the disk.

The Toomre Q parameter is often defined as the left-hand side of Eq.,

The stability criterion can then simply be stated as,  for a disk to be stable against collapse.

The previous discussion was for a gaseous disk, but a similar analysis can be applied to a disk of stars (for example, the disk of a galaxy), yielding a kinematic Q parameter,

where  is the radial velocity dispersion, and  is the local epicyclic frequency.

Background

Many astrophysical objects result from the gravitational collapse of gaseous objects (for example, star formation occurs when molecular clouds collapse under gravity), and thus the stability of gaseous systems is of great interest.  In general, a physical system is 'stable' if: 1) It is in equilibrium (there is a balance of forces such that the system is static), and 2) small deviations from equilibrium will tend to damp out, so that the system tends to return to equilibrium.

The most basic gravitational stability analysis is the Jeans criteria, which addresses the balance between self-gravity and thermal pressure in a gas.  In terms of the two above stability conditions, the system is stable if: i) thermal pressure balances the force of gravity, and ii) if the system is compressed slightly, the outward pressure force must become stronger than the inward gravitational force - to return the system to equilibrium.  In the Jeans case, the stability criterion is size dependent, resulting in the concept of a Jeans length and Jeans mass.

The Toomre analysis, first studied by Viktor Safronov in the 1960s, considers not only gravity and pressure, but also shear forces from differential rotation.  Conceptually, if a fluid is differentially rotating (such as in the keplerian motion of an astrophysical disk), gravity not only has to overcome the internal pressure of the gas, but also needs to halt the relative motion between two parcels of fluid, allowing them to collapse together.

The analysis was expanded upon by Alar Toomre in 1964, and presented in a more general and comprehensive framework.

References

Astrophysics


title: Mozambique frog

text:
Mozambique frog may refer to:

 Mozambique rain frog (Breviceps mossambicus), a frog in the family Brevicipitidae found in Africa
 Mozambique ridged frog (Ptychadena mossambica) a frog in the family Ptychadenidae found in Africa

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Rafael Copetti

text:
Rafael Copetti Fernandes (born 4 April 1991) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Gama.

Club career
Born in Chapecó in the western area of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, Rafael started his career with Internacional. In December 2011, he moved to Europe, signing a five-and-a-half year deal with Benfica before joining several compatriots on loan at Portuguese club U.D. Leiria. On 20 June 2014, he returned to Brazil, signing for Vasco da Gama. In May 2015 he was loaned to Bragantino to play in 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, due to lack of opportunity at Vasco.

In 2016 Rafael signed for ABC, but a knee injury in pre-season left him requiring surgery, and he made no appearances for the club. He returned to action in 2017 with Serrano-PB in 2017 Campeonato Paraibano. Upon completion of the tournament in April, he signed for PSTC to play in 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.

On 20 November 2017, Rafael was presented as a new signing for a second Paraíba club, Treze, but was released in April after the club was knocked out of the state championship. In August 2018 he signed for Chapecoense until the end of the 2018, however he made no appearances for the team and was released at the end of the season.

In January 2019, Rafael signed for Sobradinho, but after playing just one match in Campeonato Brasiliense he moved to América-RN. In December 2019 he signed for Gama.

References

External links

 MaisFutebol

Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Primeira Liga players
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Men's association football goalkeepers
1991 births
Living people
People from Chapecó
Sport Club Internacional players
U.D. Leiria players
S.L. Benfica footballers
CR Vasco da Gama players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
ABC Futebol Clube players
Esporte Clube Pelotas players
Treze Futebol Clube players
Associação Chapecoense de Futebol players
Sobradinho Esporte Clube players
América Futebol Clube (RN) players
Sociedade Esportiva do Gama players
Grêmio Recreativo Serrano players
Footballers from Santa Catarina (state)


title: Timeline of Knoxville, Tennessee

text:
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee, USA.

Prior to 19th century

 1786 – White's Fort built.
 1791
Knoxville founded as the capital of the Southwest Territory, named for Henry Knox
Knoxville Gazette newspaper begins publication.
 1792 – Blount Mansion built.
 1793 – First Presbyterian Church established.
 1794 – Blount College (later the University of Tennessee) established.
 1796 – Knoxville becomes capital of new U.S. state of Tennessee.

19th century
 1806 – Hampden and Sydney School incorporated.
 1815 – City of Knoxville incorporated.
 1816 – Thomas Emmerson becomes mayor.
 1817 – Knoxville Hotel in business.
 1818 – Craighead-Jackson House (residence) built.
 1827 – Knoxville Female Academy established.
 1828 – The Atlas becomes the first steamboat to reach Knoxville, having successfully navigated the lower Tennessee River
 1834 – East Tennessee Historical and Antiquarian Society founded.
 1844 – Tennessee Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb established.
 1845 – Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church congregation established.
 1849 – Brownlow's Whig newspaper relocates to Knoxville.
 1850
 Old Gray Cemetery established.
 Population: 2,076.
 First Baptist Church built.
 1854
James C. Luttrell becomes mayor.
Market Square established
 1855
 East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad begins operating.
 William Graham Swan becomes mayor.
 1863
 Siege of Knoxville.
 Battle of Fort Sanders.
 Knoxville National Cemetery established.
 1864 – E.J. Sanford and Company in business.
 1868 – City Hall built on Market Square.
 1869 – Knoxville Industrial Association founded.
 1870
 Ebenezer Mill built (approximate date).
 Population: 8,682.
 1871 – Cowan, McClung and Co. building constructed.
 1872 – Staub's Theatre opens.
 1873 – William Rule becomes mayor.
 1874
 Customs House built.
 Peter Staub becomes mayor.
 1875 – Knoxville College founded.
 1885
 Knoxville Fire Department and Lawson McGhee Library established.
 Knox County Courthouse built.
 1886 – Sentinel newspaper (later the Knoxville News Sentinel) begins publication.
 1887
 Knoxville Negro World newspaper begins publication.
 Chamber of Commerce established.
 1888
 Sterchi Brothers Furniture Company in business.
 Martin Condon becomes mayor.
 1890
 Peter Kern becomes mayor.
 Population: 22,535.
 Electric streetcar begins operating.
 1891 – H. T. Hackney Company in business.
 1892 – St. John's Cathedral rebuilt.
 1896 - Flag of Knoxville, Tennessee is designed
 1897
 "Million Dollar Fire" destroys part of Gay Street.
 Market House rebuilt on Market Square.
 North Knoxville (modern Old North Knoxville) becomes part of city
 1898
 West Knoxville (modern Fort Sanders) becomes part of city.
 Gay Street Bridge constructed.

20th century

 1905
 Knoxville Railway and Light Company established.
 L&N Station (Knoxville) built.
 1909 – Knoxville City Beautiful League organized.
 1910
 First Appalachian Exposition held.
 Population: 36,346.
 1911 – Second Appalachian Exposition held.
 1912 – The city replaces its mayor-alderman form of government with a commission.
 1913 – National Conservation Exposition held.
 1914 – Candoro Marble Works in operation.
 1917
Park City becomes part of the city.
South Knoxville becomes part of the city.
 1919
Riot of 1919 takes place.
October: Streetcar strike.
 1920 – Population: 77,818.
 1921 – WNAV radio begins broadcasting.
 1923 – The city replaces its commission with a city manager-council form of government; Louis Brownlow hired as first city manager
 1925 – City government moves to City Hall on Summit Hill Drive.
 1926
 Knoxville News Sentinel in publication.
 Lincoln Park United Methodist Church built.
 1927
 WROL radio begins broadcasting.
 Daylight Building constructed.
 1928
 Tennessee Theatre opens.
 James Alexander Fowler becomes mayor.
 1930
 Andrew Johnson Building constructed.
 Population: 105,802.
 1931 – Henley Street Bridge constructed.
 1932 – Church Street Methodist Episcopal Church built.
 1933 – Tennessee Valley Authority headquartered in Knoxville.
 1934 – United States Post Office and Courthouse built.
 1938 – Park Theatre opens.
 1940 – Population: 111,580.
 1942 – Town of Oak Ridge developed near Knoxville.
 1943 – Oak Ridge National Laboratory established near Knoxville.
 1946
Cas Walker becomes mayor.
Journalist John Gunther dubs Knoxville the "ugliest city" in America, sparking beautification efforts
 1947 – Office of City Manager merged with Mayor's office
 1950 – Population: 124,769.
 1951 - Municipal Zoo established.
 1952 – George Roby Dempster becomes mayor.
 1953 - WATE-TV and WTVK (television) begin broadcasting.
 1956 - WBIR-TV (television) begins broadcasting.
 1959 – John Duncan, Sr. becomes mayor.
 1960
 Protest by African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement.
 Population: 111,827.
 1962
Fountain City and Bearden become part of the city.
 Highlander Research and Education Center relocates to Knoxville from Monteagle.
 1970 – Population: 174,587.
 1972 – Kyle Testerman becomes mayor.
 1974 – Streaking occurs.
 1976 – Randy Tyree becomes mayor.
 1980 – Population: 175,045.
 1981 – Knoxville Community Food Cooperative organized.
 1982 – 1982 World's Fair held; Sunsphere built.
 1983
 Knoxville Opera Company active.
 Halls Cinema in business.
 1984 – Doyle Park established.
 1985 – Riverview Tower built.
 1987 – Victor Ashe becomes mayor.
 1988
 WCKS radio begins broadcasting.
 Jimmy Duncan Jr. becomes U.S. representative for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district.
 1990 – Population: 165,121.
 1991 – City bicentennial.
 1992 – Petro's Chili & Chips franchise headquartered in Knoxville.
 1994 – Home & Garden Television headquartered in Knoxville.
 1995 - City website online.
 1996
 Knoxville-Oak Ridge Regional Network online.
 Adair Park built.
 1998 - Knoxville Area Chamber Partnership organized.

21st century

 2003 – Bill Haslam becomes mayor.
 2005
 Knoxville Marathon begins.
 Tennessee Archive of Moving Image and Sound and Three Rivers Market food co-op established.
 2010 – Population: 178,874.
 2011 – Daniel Brown becomes mayor, succeeded by Madeline Rogero.

See also
 History of Knoxville, Tennessee
 List of mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Knox County, Tennessee
 Timelines of other cities in Tennessee: Chattanooga, Clarksville, Memphis, Murfreesboro, Nashville

References

Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

Published in the 20th century

 City of Knoxville, Tennessee and Vicinity (Knoxville: Knoxville Board of Trade, 1906)

 Knoxville, Tennessee Directory, 1915 (Knoxville: Knoxville Directory Company, 1915).

 Knoxville City Directory, 1960 (Knoxville: City Directory Company, 1960)

 East Tennessee Historical Society, Lucile Deaderick (ed.), Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.: East Tennessee Historical Society, 1976)

  (fulltext)

Published in the 21st century

External links

 Items related to Knoxville, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).

Knoxville


title: Buriano, Castiglione della Pescaia

text:
Buriano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Castiglione della Pescaia, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 257.

Buriano is about 17 km from Grosseto and 20 km from Castiglione della Pescaia, and it is situated on a hill in the massif of Poggio Ballone.

History
The village dates back to the Early Middle Ages, when it was one of the towns held by the Aldobrandeschi family; then it was ruled by the Lambardi (until the 14th century) and by the Appiani of Piombino (until 1815).

Main sights

 Church of Santa Maria Assunta (9th century), main parish church of the village, it was first mentioned in an act of 1051.
 Oratory of San Guglielmo (18th century), built in 1703 in the hamlet of Piano della Fonte.
 Hermitage of San Guglielmo (16th century), located in the woods south of the village, it was built in 1597 by priest Giovanni Nicolucci in the place where, according to legend, Virgin Mary appears to saint William of Maleval.
 Rocca aldobrandesca (10th century), large fortress which lies on the top of the hill, it was the seat of the Aldobrandeschi family in Buriano.

References

Bibliography
 Bruno Santi, Guida storico-artistica alla Maremma. Itinerari culturali nella provincia di Grosseto, Nuova Immagine, Siena, 1995.
 Giuseppe Guerrini, Torri e castelli della provincia di Grosseto, Nuova Immagine Editrice, Siena, 1999.
 Enrico Collura, Mario Innocenti, Stefano Innocenti, Comune di Castiglione della Pescaia: briciole di storia, Grosseto, Editrice Innocenti, 2002, pp. 149–167.

See also
 Pian d'Alma
 Pian di Rocca
 Punta Ala
 Roccamare
 Rocchette
 Tirli
 Vetulonia

Frazioni of Castiglione della Pescaia


title: Ampud

text:
Ampud, also Ampod, Apod or Ompud (; died 1186) was a powerful aristocrat in the Kingdom of Hungary in the second half of the 12th century. He was Ban of Slavonia between 1163 or 1164 and 1171 or 1174, and Palatine of Hungary from around 1164 till around 1176.

Career
Based on his forename, historian Péter Juhász considered that Ampud belonged to the gens (clan) Tomaj of Pecheneg origin. He was mentioned as an "Ispán" (count) by a royal charter from 1162. Ampud was a loyal supporter of the young Stephen III of Hungary, whose right to the crown was challenged by his two uncles, Ladislaus II and Stephen IV, who had fled to the Byzantine Empire during their brother, Géza II's reign and gained support of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. Following the victory over the usurper Stephen IV in June 1163, Manuel made peace with Stephen III who agreed to send his younger brother, Béla, to Constantinople and to allow the Byzantines to seize Béla's duchy, which included Croatia, Dalmatia and Sirmium. However an 1164 charter of Peter, Archbishop of Spalato (now Split, Croatia) was dated in reference to the rule of Ban Ampud, suggesting that at least a part of Béla's duchyCentral Dalmatiawas under Stephen's rule in that year, thus Stephen soon broke the treaty with Manuel.

Ampud was a skilled military leader. He took part in Stephen's campaign in Dalmatia. As Ban of Slavonia, he led a punitive expedition and captured Zadar in 1164. When Stephen III stormed into Sirmium and recaptured the whole province in spring 1166, a Hungarian army led by Ampud invaded Dalmatia and captured sebastos Nicephorus Chalouphes, the Byzantine governor of the province. He unsuccessfully besieged Spalato, but recaptured Biograd na Moru and Šibenik, as royal charters issued on behalf of the Hungarian monarch and Stephen III also confirmed estates in the two towns. According to historian Gyula Kristó, the overwhelming portion of Dalmatia was under Byzantine control and the ban's original territory had been drastically reduced since the 1160s, when Amoud held the dignity.

According to a non-authentic royal charter, Ampud was Ispán of Csanád County in 1171. He retained his positions after the coronation of Béla III in 1172, proving Ampud had supported him in a struggle for the throne against Prince Géza.

In 1176, he was one of the two commanders of the Hungarian auxiliary troops, alongside Voivode Leustach Rátót, sent by Béla III of Hungary to fight along the Byzantines against the Seljuks in the Battle of Myriokephalon. The battle was a heavy defeat for the Byzantine–Antiochian–Hungarian forces. Ampud died in 1186, according to the Annales Posonienses.

Family
Ampud's namesake son served as Ispán of Szolnok County in 1199, but there is no more information about him. He married an unidentified daughter of Count Berthold III of Andechs, Margrave of Istria, which reflects the social prestige of the older Ampud. His grandchild Denis made a more significant political career by introducing a new economic system as Master of the treasury (1216–1224) and by holding the position of Palatine of Hungary (1227–1228, 1231–1234) during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.

Notes

Sources

1186 deaths
12th-century Hungarian people
Medieval Hungarian military leaders
Palatines of Hungary
Bans of Slavonia
Ampud 01


title: Swedish National Courts Administration

text:
The Swedish National Courts Administration (SNCA) () is a Swedish administrative authority organized under the Ministry of Justice for administration of courts. It functions as a service organisation for the Swedish courts, including the general courts, the general administrative courts and a number of special courts.

The SNCA does not hold any powers over these courts. It acts purely as an umbrella organization to provide economy of scale for service, and is responsible for the overall coordination of the courts. It also deals with common issues in the Judiciary of Sweden; such as personnel development, education and information, the preparation of regulations, advice and instructions, and the dissemination of information to citizens. The agency also provide legal information on-line, via a Government website.

History and organisation

The Swedish National Courts Administration was established in 1975 in Jönköping, and is headed by Director-General Martin Holmgren. It is organized into eight departments: Finance Department, Human Resources Department, Development Department, IT Department, Security Department, Communications Department, Administrative Department and Legal Department plus an Internal Audit Office.

See also

Judiciary of Sweden

References

External links
Swedish National Courts Administration - Official Site (English)

Government agencies of Sweden
Judiciary of Sweden
Court administration


title: So Sweet... So Perverse

text:
So Sweet... So Perverse () is a 1969 giallo film directed by Umberto Lenzi and written by Ernesto Gastaldi, starring Carroll Baker and Jean-Louis Trintignant. Set in Paris, it tells the story of a wife who plots to get rid of a rich and errant husband but is herself the victim of her accomplices.

Plot
Jean, a wealthy industrialist in Paris, has married Danielle, but she now refuses him. In revenge, he lets himself be seduced by the host's wife at a party. Closer to home, an attractive woman moves into the flat above them, and they sometimes hear an abusive lover rebuke and beat her. Jean combines chivalry and desire by offering to protect her, and soon they are lovers. She is Nicole, and her violent ex is Klaus. She warns him that Klaus will seek to kill him, which happens during a fight. His charred body shows up in a burnt-out car.

Nicole, who in fact is Danielle's lover and accomplice, announces that Jean had given her his share in his company. Danielle begins to be haunted by guilt and, while she is on the phone with Nicole, Klaus creeps in and shoots her dead. In the absence of any better explanation, the police inspector reluctantly accepts suicide. Now rich and no longer at risk of exposure by Danielle, who had hired them, Nicole and Klaus get on a plane for Brazil. Two seats behind them is the police inspector.

Cast
 Carroll Baker as Nicole Perrier
 Jean-Louis Trintignant as Jean Reynaud
 Erika Blanc as Danielle Reynaud
 Horst Frank as Klaus
 Helga Liné as Hélène Valmont
 Beryl Cunningham as a stripper

Production
Following the release of Orgasmo, director Umberto Lenzi and actress Carroll Baker worked again on another giallo film. The script by Ernesto Gastaldi borrows plot elements from Henri-Georges Clouzot's film Les Diaboliques (1955) and like many gialli of the era, revels in its portrayal of badly-behaved, wealthy protagonists.

Riz Ortolani provided the music score, which includes a ballad called Why? sung by J. Vincent Edward. It would be later re-used in Lenzi's film Seven Bloodstained Orchids.

Release
So Sweet...So Perverse was released in Italy on October 31, 1969 and in France on February 26, 1971.

References

Sources

External links

 So Sweet... So Perverse at Variety Distribution

1969 films
1960s crime thriller films
Giallo films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Umberto Lenzi
Films scored by Riz Ortolani
Films with screenplays by Ernesto Gastaldi
1960s Italian films


title: Formlabs

text:
Formlabs is a 3D printing technology developer and manufacturer. The Somerville, Massachusetts-based company was founded in September 2011 by three MIT Media Lab students. The company develops and manufactures 3D printers and related software and consumables. It is most known for raising nearly $3 million in a Kickstarter campaign and creating the Form 1, Form 1+, Form 2, Form Cell, Form 3, Form 3L, and Fuse 1 stereolithography and selective laser sintering 3D printers.

History
Formlabs was founded by Maxim Lobovsky, Natan Linder, and David Cranor, who met as students at the MIT Media Lab while taking a class called "How to Make (almost) Anything". The founders also drew on their experience with  MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms Fab Lab program, as well as Lobovsky's experience with the Fab@Home project at Cornell University.

Formlabs was officially founded in September 2011 to develop the first desktop-sized, easy-to-use, and affordable stereolithography 3D printer. Formlabs received early seed funding from investors including Mitch Kapor, Joi Ito, and Eric Schmidt’s Innovation Endeavors.

In November 2012, Formlabs was sued by the industrial 3D printing giant 3D Systems that claimed rights to the stereolithography technology that the Form 1 uses. The lawsuit was dismissed in 2014, after the two parties settled.

In October 2013, Formlabs closed an additional $19 million Series A round of financing led by DFJ Growth, joined by Pitango Venture Capital, Innovation Endeavors, and returning angel investors.

In 2015, Formlabs opened their second office in Berlin, Germany. In August 2015, Michael Sorkin, former co-founder of iGo3D, joined Formlabs to serve as the managing director of their European headquarters.

In August 2016, Formlabs raised $35 million in series B funding led by Foundry Group.

In April 2018, Formlabs raised $30 million in series C funding led by Tyche Partners, with investors including the municipally-owned Shenzhen Capital Group. The company said it would use the funding to expand its product portfolio and scale operations to meet increasing customer demand, particularly from Asia.

Products

Form 1
In October 2012, Formlabs publicly announced its first product, the Form 1 3D printer, in a Kickstarter campaign that raised a record-breaking $2.95 million in funding making the Form 1 one of the most highly funded crowdfunding projects up until that time. Form 1 3D printers began shipping to backers in May 2013 after months of delayed production. The Form 1 used a 3D printing process known as stereolithography, wherein liquid resin is cured, or hardened, into a solid material by the application of laser light. Although previously available in larger, more expensive machines, the Form 1 offered stereolithography in a smaller, more affordable desktop-class device.

Form 1+

On June 10, 2014, Formlabs released the Form 1+ 3D Printer, which replaced the Form 1 in their product line. Improvements included speed, print quality, and reliability. The Form 1+ was officially sunsetted March 15, 2017.

Form 2
On September 22, 2015, Formlabs announced the Form 2 printer, including a larger build volume and a wiper. It also switches to a cartridge resin system, instead of bottles that needed to be manually poured into the Form 1 & Form 1+. Third-party resins can be used with Open Mode. The Form 2 was named Best Resin Printer for 2019 by Tom's Guide in their annual rankings. The Form 2 is scheduled to be officially sunsetted in 2023.

Form Wash and Form Cure
On May 5, 2017, Formlabs announced the Form Wash and the Form Cure. Together with the Form 2, they complete the SLA engine. The Form Wash is a washing machine used to automatically clean liquid resin off of printed 3D models. The Form Cure is an ultraviolet postcuring system. After printing, the build platform on the Form 2 can be removed and installed on the Form Wash, which uses an impeller to agitate 3D printed parts in isopropyl alcohol. The Form Cure heats parts up to 80 degrees Celsius and uses thirteen 405 nanometer UV LEDs.

Fuse 1
On June 5, 2017, Formlabs announced the Fuse 1, a selective laser sintering 3D printer. It has a much larger build volume than the Form line of printers, a removable build chamber, and uses nylon powder.

Form 3, Form 3B, Form 3L and Form 3BL
On April 2, 2019, Formlabs announced the 4th Generation of their SLA printers, the Form 3 and Form 3L, designed for use by artists, designers, and other professionals. The Form 3 offers a larger print area than the Form 2 as well as Low Force Stereolithography (LFS), a new SLA technology developed by Formlabs that promises smoother surface finish and more detailed prints. The Form 3L utilizes the same optics engine as the Form 3, including LFS, with five times the build volume. Additional improvements include an upgraded optics engine, modular components to simplify repair and integrated sensors to improve print success and usability. This earned it the title of Best Resin Printer of 2019 by The Mediahq.

On November 12, 2019, Formlabs launched the Form 3B, a variant of the Form 3 specially designed for the dental industry. Unlike the Form 3, the Form 3B is compatible with Formlabs' array of specialty dental materials. The only exception is Form 3 printers designated "Early 2019" which retain the dental material capabilities from its initial release.

In 2020, the company launched Form 3BL, which features the larger platform of the Form 3L, along with the material capabilities of the Form 3B.

In 2022 at CES, the company announced the Form 3+ and Form 3B+ which are updated versions of the Form 3/3B with improved LPU/Laser stability, better heating and monitoring of the build chamber, true light touch supports, and the new build platform 2, which uses a flexible stainless steel sheet held with magnets to a base in order to make removing the parts from the build plate faster and easier than the original build platform the first shipped with the Form 2.

Form Cell
On June 5, 2017, Formlabs announced the Form Cell, a cell of Form 2 3D printers, as well as a Form Wash and a robotic gantry system. It is completely automated and can be used as a 24-hour digital "factory".

PreForm
Formlabs provides a free software package called PreForm, designed to prepare 3D models for printing on the Form 1, Form 1+, Form 2, Form 3, and Fuse 1. Some of the features of PreForm include automatic model orientation and support structure generation.

Nasopharyngeal Swabs
As the COVID-19 pandemic took off in March 2020, Formlabs, working with, Northwell Health and the University of South Florida developed a 3D printed nasopharyngeal swab made from biocompatible resins.  After receiving FDA Class I Exempt status, Formlabs quickly went into production; its printing facility in Ohio was initially able to produce 150,000 swabs daily, and the design was released so that hospitals with their own printers can make swabs.  Northwell and the University of South Florida were each immediately able produce 1,500 swabs daily with printers they already had.

Form Auto
In January of 2023 at CES, Formlabs announced the successor to its Form Cell program by introducing the Form Auto.  The Form Auto automates the Form 3 printer and enables users to remotely open the cover, start prints, and clear parts off the build platform.

Documentary
Formlabs is featured in Print the Legend, a documentary that tells the stories of several leading companies in the desktop 3D printer industry. The film premiered at SXSW in March 2014, and was released internationally on Netflix on September 26, 2014.

See also

 List of 3D printer manufacturers

References

External links

Companies based in Massachusetts
Companies established in 2011
Computing output devices
Manufacturing companies of the United States
Robotics companies of the United States
3D printer companies
2011 establishments in Massachusetts


title: Hero (Family of the Year song)

text:
"Hero" is a song by American indie rock band Family of the Year featured on their second studio album Loma Vista. It was released as the album's second single in 2012 through Nettwerk. The song was written by Joe Keefe, and it was produced by American production team Wax Ltd and Family of the Year. It first appeared on the band's 2010 EP Through The Trees in a shorter version.

"Hero" was prominently used in Richard Linklater's 2014 film Boyhood as well as its trailer. The song has also been used in the first season of Girls, the 2012 film Thanks for Sharing, the 2013 German film Frau Ella and has been featured in episodes of Degrassi: The Next Generation, Korean Drama It's Okay, That's Love, Sky Castle and VH1's Couples Therapy. The band has performed the song on talk shows including Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Conan and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. The song was covered by Owen Danoff on Team Adam in the Live Playoffs of season 10 of The Voice (US).

Track listing
European digital EP
"Hero" – 3:10
"Hero" (acoustic) – 3:13
"Buried" (acoustic) – 3:27
"She Wanted Someone Else" – 3:31

German, Austrian and Swiss CD single
"Hero" – 3:11
"Hero" (acoustic) – 3:13

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

All-time charts

Certifications

References

2012 singles
2012 songs
Nettwerk Records singles


title: Calvin B. Taylor

text:
Calvin Bowen Taylor (December 28, 1857 – May 31, 1932) was an American banker, politician, lawyer, and educator. He served on the town council of and as mayor of Berlin, Maryland, served two terms in the Maryland House of Delegates, and founded a banking company bearing his name that continues to exist in eastern Maryland and Delaware.

Early life and education
The son of Arthur W. Taylor and Margaret Ellen Bowen Taylor, Calvin B. Taylor was born at Trappe Creek Farm near Berlin, Maryland, on December 28, 1857. Growing up on the farm, he attended public schools in addition to Old Buckingham Academy. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1882 and later a Master of Arts degree from Western Maryland College (now McDaniel College).

Career
Taylor became an educator after earning his degrees, teaching at Bishopville Academy before becoming principal. He subsequently returned to Buckingham Academy, his alma mater, to serve as its first principal after becoming Berlin High School. He would remain in that position for six years, studying law and being admitted to the bar in 1886 or 1887 during that time, until resigning in 1889 to practice law full-time.

Shortly thereafter, in 1890, Taylor entered business as a banker in conjunction with his law partner, Edward D. Martin. Originally a private bank under the name of Calvin B. Taylor, Banker, Martin withdrew before its renaming to Calvin B. Taylor Banking Company and its 1907 incorporation as the Calvin B. Taylor Banking Company of Berlin. The corporation remains in existence in Worcester County, Maryland and Sussex County, Delaware, as Taylor Bank. Taylor also served as director of the First National Bank in Snow Hill, Maryland, as well as the Bishopville Bank. In addition to banking, Taylor also began an insurance company connected to the bank under the name of Calvin B. Taylor & Co. in conjunction with William L. Holloway, which also remains in existence as Smith, Cropper & Deeley Inc.

Having established a name for himself in the local community, Taylor served for four years as a member of the Berlin Town Council. In 1898, he was elected to represent Worcester County in the Maryland House of Delegates, receiving 2,109 votes, the most of any of the nine candidates in the field—three of whom were elected. He served one term, through 1899, before returning in 1912 for another term through 1913. He subsequently served for two years, from 1914 to 1916, as Mayor of Berlin. In addition to holding governmental office, Taylor served on the Maryland Democratic State Central Committee for 25 years.

Taylor continued to practice law and serve as president and chairman of the board of directors for the Calvin B. Taylor Banking Company until his death on May 31, 1932. He was interred in Buckingham Cemetery.

Personal life and family
Calvin B. Taylor married his wife, Martha "Mattie" Collins of Hannibal, Missouri, on July 21, 1886, while serving as principal of Berlin High School. The couple purchased the building presently known as the Calvin B. Taylor House in September 1894 and had only one child, Thomas Collins Taylor, who died as an infant. Taylor also was active throughout his life as a member of the Buckingham Presbyterian Church.

References

External links
Calvin B. Taylor House Museum
Taylor Bank History

1857 births
1932 deaths
American bankers
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Mayors of places in Maryland
People from Berlin, Maryland
Western Maryland College alumni
Schoolteachers from Maryland
Maryland lawyers
Berlin, Maryland


title: Lykourgos Logothetis

text:
Lykourgos Logothetis (, 10 February 1772 – 25 May 1850 (O.S.)), born Georgios Paplomatas, was a Samian who became the island's leader during the Greek War of Independence.

The son of a wealthy merchant, Logothetis received a good education at Constantinople and then served as an official in the Phanariote administration of Wallachia. His political career experienced great vicissitudes: he served as an elder in his home island, taking the side of the progressive-radical Karmanioloi ("Carmagnoles", named after the French Revolutionary song Carmagnole) and the reactionary Kallikantzaroi ("goblins") who represented mostly the traditional land-holding elites. Under Logothetis, the Karmanioloi ruled Samos from 1807 until the intervention of the Ottoman authorities in 1812, which restored the Kallikantzaroi to power and forced the Karmanioloi to flee the island. During this time of exile he became a member of the Filiki Etaireia, and assumed the conspirational name by which became better known.

On the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence he returned to Samos and was quickly elected the island's political and military leader, founding the "Military-Political System of Samos", which he led until 1833, with the exception of the period 1828–30, when Samos was administered as part of the nascent Greek state. Logothetis was head of the Greek forces during the unsuccessful campaign to Chios in 1822, which led to the massacre and destruction of the island and was heavily criticized for his actions.

In 1833, through the intervention of the Great Powers, the island returned to Ottoman suzerainty as an autonomous principality, and Logothetis was forced to leave for the independent Kingdom of Greece. There he became involved in politics, and became a senator.

He died of heart failure on 25 May 1850.

1772 births
1850 deaths
People from Samos
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
Greek military leaders of the Greek War of Independence
Members of the Greek Senate
History of Samos


title: Castro Verde e Casével

text:
Castro Verde e Casével is a civil parish in the municipality of Castro Verde, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Castro Verde and Casével. The population in 2011 was 5,346, in an area of 322.77 km2.

References

Freguesias of Castro Verde


title: Henry Clay Nelson

text:
Henry Clay Nelson (May 30, 1835 – March 10, 1893) was a surgeon in the United States Navy during and after the American Civil War.

Nelson was born on May 30, 1835, in Frederick County, now Carroll County, Maryland, likely in the vicinity of Warfieldsburg, to Miranda Nelson (née Pearre) and Burgess Nelson. He entered the Navy as an Assistant Surgeon in 1861, in 1864 he was promoted to the rank of Surgeon, and in 1879 to Medical Inspector. In 1877 he served as a Fleet Surgeon of the Pacific Squadron and for several years had been Assistant Surgeon General. On March 22, 1877, he married Adelaide Margaretta Nelson (née Thompson), with whom he had a son Francis.

Nelson retired on April 24, 1884, due to ill health and died at the age of 57 on March 10, 1893, in Concord, New Hampshire.

References

1835 births
1893 deaths
Union Navy surgeons
United States Navy Medical Corps officers


title: A Quiet Place to Kill

text:
A Quiet Place to Kill () is a 1970 giallo film directed by Umberto Lenzi.

Plot
Helen, a racecar driver whose personal and professional life is rapidly declining, is invited by her ex-husband Maurice's new wife Constance to stay at their plush estate. The two women form a bond, and it is not long before their mutual dislike for the husband culminates into a plan to kill him. Their plot to murder Maurice on a sailing trip goes awry, and Constance accidentally gets killed instead. Helen and her ex seize the moment and dispose of Constance's corpse at sea, but when the dead woman's daughter Susan arrives, the young lady suspects that they have murdered her mother.

Cast
 Carroll Baker as Helene
 Jean Sorel as Maurice Sauvage
 Luis Dávila as Albert Duchamps
 Alberto Dalbés as Dr. Harry Webb
 Marina Coffa as Mrs. Susan
 Anna Proclemer as Constance Sauvage
 Lisa Halvorsen as Solange
 Hugo Blanco
 Jacques Stany

Release
The film was released in Italy on February 20, 1970 under the title Paranoia.

The film was released internationally in 1973 as A Quiet Place to Kill, since Lenzi's previous 1969 film Orgasmo (1969) had already been released internationally as Paranoia.
It was released in Spain as Una droga llamada Helen ( "A Drug Named Helen").

Reception
The Monthly Film Bulletin described the film as "both sluggish and scrappy, with Lenzi bravely throwing up a screen of object-fixated camerawork and fidgety focusing, but not receiving much help from his players".

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links

1970 films
1970 crime films
Giallo films
Films directed by Umberto Lenzi
Italian crime films
Spanish crime films
1970s Italian films


title: Ex qua die arcano

text:
is the incipit of the 4 March 1853 apostolic letter by which Pope Pius IX decreed the reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands. Through it, the administrative area formerly known as the Dutch Mission was divided into dioceses. Utrecht was raised, once more, to a Roman Catholic archdiocese, and received the four suffragan dioceses of Haarlem, 's-Hertogenbosch, Breda, and Roermond.

References

Documents of Pope Pius IX
Texts in Latin
1853 documents
1853 in Christianity