The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales was an inquiry examining how the country's institutions handled their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse. It was announced by the British Home Secretary, Theresa May, on 7 July 2014. It published its 19th and final report on 20 October 2022.

It was set up after investigations in 2012 and 2013 into the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal revealed widespread abuse, including claims of abuse stretching back over decades by prominent media and political figures, and inadequate safeguarding by institutions and organisations responsible for child welfare.  Originally the inquiry was intended to be a Panel Inquiry supported by experts, similar to the Hillsborough Independent Panel. However, after strenuous objections related to the panel's scope and its independence from those being investigated, and the resignation of its first two intended chairs, the inquiry was reconstituted in February 2015 as a statutory inquiry under the Inquiries Act 2005, giving it greatly increased powers to compel sworn testimony and to examine classified information.

The first two chairs appointed to the original panel inquiry were Baroness Butler-Sloss (appointed 8 July 2014, stepped down 14 July 2014) and Fiona Woolf (appointed 5 September 2014, stepped down 31 October 2014). The reasons for their withdrawal in each case were objections related to their perceived closeness to individuals and establishments which would be investigated. There were also objections to the shape of the inquiry itself, concerning testimony, the scope of inquiry, and lack of ability to compel witnesses to testify.  In December 2014, it was reported that Theresa May was reconsidering arrangements for the inquiry.  On 4 February 2015, May announced that the inquiry would be chaired by Dame Lowell Goddard, a New Zealand High Court judge who had no ties to the UK bodies and persons likely to be investigated.  The existing panel was disbanded, and the inquiry was given new powers as a statutory inquiry. Lowell Goddard resigned as chair in August 2016 and was replaced by Professor Alexis Jay.

The IICSA published 19 reports in all, with the last one coming on 20 October 2022.

Background
In 2012, entertainer Jimmy Savile, who had died with reputation intact in 2011, was identified by police as having been a prolific child sexual abuser, who had accessed and abused children in hospitals, schools and other institutions during the previous six decades. In the ensuing investigations, a number of prominent household names in media and politics, among others, were alleged to have been responsible for, and in some cases were convicted of, child sexual abuse. Calls were raised from 2012 onwards for a public inquiry into child sexual abuse, and to examine how such failings had been possible, and to what extent those responsible for these institutions had known of the abuse, or had cause to be aware.

In June 2014 a cross-party group of seven MPs, co-ordinated by Tim Loughton and Zac Goldsmith, wrote to the Home Secretary, Theresa May, calling on her to set up an overarching investigation into a series of cases in the United Kingdom concerning allegations of historic child sex abuse within government and other institutions. Goldsmith said that "The Government should establish – and properly resource – an independent inquiry so that a line can be drawn, once and for all." Other MPs were quick to add their names to the call for an inquiry, and within three weeks more than 150 British MPs were backing the call for an inquiry.

An inquiry was set up in 2014, initially constituted as a panel. However, this led to public complaints on several grounds: that the panel's scope was too limited (and specifically it could not compel testimony, sworn or unsworn), and that those involved had past links to those persons and bodies known to have been sexual abusers or who might be investigated as part of the panel's work, and therefore that the panel's independence from the establishment was in question. Two chairs were appointed and resigned in 2014, both having had past links with possible subjects of the inquiry. The inquiry was, therefore, finally re-established as a statutory inquiry under the Inquiries Act 2005, in February 2015, and a New Zealand High Court judge appointed as chair, to address these concerns.

Panel Inquiry (2014–2015)

Remit and scope
The inquiry was announced by Theresa May, on 7 July 2014.  She said that "In recent years we have seen appalling cases of organised and persistent child sex abuse that have exposed serious failings by public bodies and important institutions...That is why the government has established an independent panel of experts to consider whether these organisations have taken seriously their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse."  She said that it was possible that it could become a full public inquiry with the power to subpoena witnesses.

The initial announcement stated that the inquiry would examine the duty of care taken by British public bodies and other notable institutions in protecting children from sexual abuse. Individual cases of abuse would not be investigated by the inquiry, but Baroness Butler-Sloss said that she would be willing to hear of such cases. The institutions to be scrutinised included the police, the courts, the education system, the BBC and the NHS.  The expert panel would also have the power to examine the behaviour of political parties, the security services and private companies.  The panel was expected to report interim findings in advance of the general election in May 2015.

Chair of inquiry
On 8 July, it was announced that Baroness Butler-Sloss would chair the inquiry.  She stated that she was "honoured to have been invited to lead this inquiry...We will begin this important work as soon as possible." The Permanent Secretary at the Home Office, Mark Sedwill, said that Butler-Sloss had promised to "leave no stone unturned", and that he believed her report would "be thorough and complete". The former Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families, Tim Loughton MP, said that Butler-Sloss would "command great respect, great expertise and great knowledge which is absolutely what we need at the head of this inquiry".

Criticisms were raised over the choice of Butler-Sloss as chair of the inquiry, as she was described as part of "the establishment" due to her membership of the House of Lords and her brother Michael Havers having been Attorney General of England and Wales during the 1980s. The Labour Member of Parliament Simon Danczuk said that "We don't want it [to] look like an establishment inquiry—that would send out the wrong signal to the public."  Former Solicitor-General Vera Baird said that Butler-Sloss was linked through her family "to the very establishment that this inquiry is being set up to look at...  She is going to have to investigate the role played by her late brother."   Questions were also raised about her report in 2011 into child abuse in the Church of England, with claims that she had been biased in favour of the church.

On 14 July, it was announced that Baroness Butler-Sloss was standing down from the inquiry, and that a new chair would be appointed.  It was announced on 5 September that the new chair would be Fiona Woolf, a City solicitor then Lord Mayor of London, and that she would be assisted by Graham Wilmer, founder of the Lantern Project for abuse victims, and Barbara Hearn, former deputy chief executive of the National Children's Bureau. Alexis Jay, chair of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham, would also be a member of the panel.

In October 2014, the chairing of the inquiry again became contentious after Fiona Woolf disclosed that she lived in the same street in London as Lord (Leon) Brittan and had, amongst other connections with them, invited the Conservative peer and his wife to dinner on three occasions. Lord Brittan was Home Secretary in 1984 when ministers were handed a dossier on alleged high-profile paedophiles which later disappeared; Brittan insisted that the proper procedures had been followed. Labour MP Simon Danczuk, who had campaigned for the inquiry to be established, told the BBC he thought Woolf should resign, accusing the Home Office of a "total error of judgement”. He added: “One mistake is forgivable... to make the same mistake twice looks like they're out to protect Leon Brittan. I don't buy the view that you can't choose someone to chair this inquiry who is not connected to Leon Brittan and yet the government seem to have been insistent on choosing chairpeople who are very much establishment, very much connected to people involved". A second Labour MP, John Mann, also criticised the appointment, saying it was “totally impossible for Fiona Woolf to now properly chair child abuse inquiry” given that "Leon Brittan oversaw significant inquiries that vanished". However, Woolf told MPs that Brittan was "one of thousands of people" she knew and was not a "close associate"; the government said it continued to back her appointment. Home Secretary Theresa May also supported Woolf's appointment, saying: "Fiona Woolf has a long and distinguished career throughout which she has demonstrated the highest standards of integrity. I am confident that she will lead the work of the panel with authority, and that under her leadership the panel will get to the truth of these issues".

On 22 October 2014, the BBC reported that it had seen a judicial review application launched by a victim of historical child sexual abuse which challenged the choice of Fiona Woolf as the chair of the inquiry on the basis that she is not impartial, has no relevant expertise and may not have time to discharge her duties. However, the judicial review became unnecessary on 31 October 2014, when Woolf announced that she was resigning as chair of the inquiry. Her decision came on the day that victims and survivors of child abuse said that they were "unanimous" that she should quit, citing her social links with ex-Home Secretary Lord Brittan; their announcement came immediately after a meeting with Home Office officials. In a statement, Home Secretary Theresa May said that she had accepted Woolf's decision "with regret".

After the other Panel members were announced, the First Minister of Wales, Carwyn Jones, and the Children's Commissioner for Wales, Keith Towler, both criticised the fact that none of the Panel members had direct experience of child protection in Wales, a devolved matter.  Jones said: "If this is to be a process for the whole of England and Wales together as two nations then there has to be a Welsh representative on the body."

Panel members
The members of the panel until its reconstitution in February 2015 were:
 Counsel: Ben Emmerson QC
 Graham Wilmer
 Barbara Hearn
 Ivor Frank
 Professor Jenny Pearce
 Drusilla Sharpling
 Sharon Evans
 Moira Gibb
 Professor Terence Stephenson

Reconsideration of Inquiry arrangements
On 21 December 2014, it was reported that Theresa May was reconsidering arrangements for the inquiry, and that the panel could be abandoned.  The options that were reportedly being considered included turning the existing inquiry into a statutory inquiry; setting up a fresh statutory inquiry; or establishing a Royal Commission.  According to the Exaro news website, May wrote to each panel member with the proposals following a meeting with them earlier in the month, adding that existing panel members could be considered for roles under the new arrangements.  One panel member, Sharon Evans, reported that she felt "devastated" at the proposal, but that it had been made clear that the panel would be abolished early in 2015.  She highlighted that a greater number of survivors the inquiry panel had already met with had provided feedback, with 90% saying they had confidence in the existing panel.  Representatives of abuse survivors groups wrote to May calling for a new inquiry with legal powers to compel witnesses to give evidence under oath.

Materials found at National Archives

In January 2015, an academic researcher found in The National Archives a reference to a file regarding allegations of "unnatural" sexual behaviour taking place at Westminster that probably went to the Prime Minister (Margaret Thatcher) in the early 1980s. The file was entitled "Allegations against former public [missing word] of unnatural sexual proclivities; security aspects 1980 Oct 27 – 1981 Mar 20." The file was classified as it contained information from the security services and Law Officers. The Cabinet Office initially stated that any pertinent files would be made available to the forthcoming Independent Panel Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse. The file was shortly afterwards made public, and related to the diplomat Sir Peter Hayman.

Statutory inquiry
On 4 February 2015, Theresa May announced that the inquiry would be chaired by Dame Lowell Goddard, a New Zealand High Court judge.  The existing panel would be disbanded, and the inquiry would be given new powers.  It would be a statutory inquiry established under the Inquiries Act 2005, and Goddard would be able to compel witnesses to attend and give evidence.  Criteria for selecting the panel were republished, and members of the outgoing panel were free to reapply. Ben Emmerson QC would remain as counsel to the Inquiry.

Emmerson said:
It is important to stress that this is a completely fresh start.   The inquiry that the Home Secretary has announced today will be a statutory inquiry established under the 2005 Inquiries Act. Unlike the previous panel inquiry it will have powers to compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence by institutions and individuals. Justice Goddard and her legal advisers will be able to review open and classified sources. This new inquiry will therefore have all the powers it needs to penetrate deeply into the institutions that have failed children in the past, and to identify those institutions that are reportedly continuing to fail children today. And it will do so under the leadership of an exceptionally experienced judge.

The inquiry opened on 9 July 2015, with an introductory statement by Justice Goddard setting out its procedures, timetables and remit.  She said that the inquiry "provides a unique opportunity to expose past failures of institutions to protect children, to confront those responsible, to uncover systemic failures, to provide support to victims and survivors, in sharing their experiences, and to make recommendations that will help prevent the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in the future."  Members of the new Inquiry Panel were announced as:
 Professor Malcolm Evans, an international lawyer specialising in freedom of religion and prevention of torture
 Ivor Frank,  a barrister with experience in child protection, human rights and family law.
 Professor Alexis Jay, a former director of social services who led the inquiry into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham
 Drusilla Sharpling, a former chief Crown prosecutor who subsequently inspected policing responses to child abuse.

The statutory inquiry opened on 9 July 2015, with an introductory statement by Dame Lowell Goddard.  In November 2015, she announced that 12 separate investigations would be undertaken as part of the inquiry, including investigations into MPs, local councils, and church organisations. On 4 August 2016, May's successor as Home Secretary, Amber Rudd, announced that Goddard had resigned. In a statement, Goddard said that she had taken the decision "with regret", citing, among other reasons, the inquiry's "legacy of failure".  Rudd announced on 11 August that Professor Alexis Jay would become the fourth chairman for the Inquiry.

Scope
Justice Goddard announced on 27 November 2015 that 12 separate investigations would be undertaken.  These would cover:
Children in the care of Lambeth Council
Children in the care of Nottinghamshire councils
Cambridge House, Knowl View and Rochdale Council
Child sexual abuse in the Anglican Church
Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church
The sexual abuse of children in custodial institutions
Child sexual abuse in residential schools
The internet and child sexual abuse
Child exploitation by organised networks
The protection of children outside the United Kingdom
Accountability and reparations for victims and survivors
Allegations of child sexual abuse linked to Westminster

She said that the scale of the inquiry was unprecedented, and that it would take five years, but she was determined that it would succeed.  She added that all the investigations would start immediately, and that most if not all would include public hearings.  As of November 2018, there were 280 individual complainants and seven groups of complainants:
Minister and Clergy Sexual Abuse Survivors
Shirley Oaks Survivors Association
West London Benedictine Order Abuse Survivors
Comboni Survivors Group
White Flowers Alba
Forde Park Survivor Group
Stanhope Castle Survivor Group

In January 2016, a 13th investigation was launched into Lord Greville Janner, who had died the previous month so that no trial could take place. The Inquiry said it would not let down the victims and survivors. Edward Brown (barrister) was appointed as leading Counsel at Janner's investigation.

It was reported in February 2019 that many more cases of abuse than had been thought, sexual and physical, had taken place on children in custody in young offender facilities, secure training centres and secure children's homes. Most claims were made against staff.

In May 2020, it was revealed that a 2018 IICSA report regarding child sex abuse at the Downside School later resulted in major financial problems for the school due to spiralling legal costs, which in turn forced the school to sell some of its Renaissance-era paintings to raise money.

Replacement of Chair
On 4 August 2016, Home Secretary Amber Rudd announced that Goddard had resigned from the Inquiry with immediate effect. In a statement, Goddard said that she had taken the decision "with regret", and referred to the difficulty she had faced in "relinquishing my career in New Zealand and leaving behind my beloved family", adding: "The conduct of any public inquiry is not an easy task, let alone one of the magnitude of this. Compounding the many difficulties was its legacy of failure which has been very hard to shake off and with hindsight it would have been better to have started completely afresh."  Her resignation followed a report in The Times that, during her first year as chair, she had spent three months on holiday or abroad.  Keith Vaz, the chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee, said that Goddard should give a full explanation of her resignation to MPs, and there were reports of "friction" between her and the inquiry's officials.

Rudd announced on 11 August that panel member Professor Alexis Jay would now chair the Inquiry. Some survivor groups welcomed the appointment; others were critical, for example not wanting a social worker running the inquiry.

Senior legal advisers
In September 2016, there was press speculation that the Inquiry's most senior lawyer, Ben Emmerson, might leave the Inquiry. The Inquiry then announced on 28 September, without giving details, that Emmerson was to be suspended and put under investigation as it had become "very concerned about aspects of Mr Emmerson’s leadership of the counsel team".  At the time of Emmerson's suspension, there were comments that the process was "careering out of control" and had been beset by "catastrophe after catastrophe" ... "a devastating blow for survivors". Former Director of Public Prosecutions Lord Macdonald said that Emmerson's suspension made it likely that the inquiry would end up as an "embarrassing fiasco". , the Inquiry had held no evidence session.  The Home Office said that its commitment to the inquiry, owed to victims and survivors, continued.

On 29 September, Emmerson resigned from his position, saying that "it is now time for someone else to take the helm".  He denied that his resignation was due to differences of opinion with the Inquiry's chair, Alexis Jay.  It was confirmed that Emmerson's colleague and deputy, Elizabeth Prochaska, had also resigned.

In November 2016, it was revealed that several other senior lawyers to the Inquiry had left their positions.   Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott said that the Inquiry faced a "crisis of credibility", and sought an explanation from the government.  The Home Secretary, Amber Rudd, said that she had confidence in the Inquiry's leadership, but on 18 November the largest victims' group involved, the Shirley Oaks Survivors Association, representing people who had lived in children's homes run by Lambeth Council, said that it was withdrawing from involvement, and described the Inquiry as a "debacle" which "lurched from disaster to disaster".

On 10 January 2017, it was announced that Brian Altman QC would become the lead Counsel to the Inquiry.

June 2017 withdrawal of SOIA
In June 2017, the group Survivors of Organised and Institutional Abuse (SOIA) withdrew "with deep regret" from the inquiry, as they considered it was "not fit for purpose". They said that survivors had been "totally marginalised" and that the inquiry had descended into a "very costly academic report-writing and literature review exercise". An IICSA spokesperson said that they regretted the withdrawal, but the inquiry would continue.

November 2020 report on Catholic Church
In November 2020, IICSA published a 144-page report, Safeguarding in the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales, which said that the Catholic Church of England and Wales "swept under the carpet" allegations of sex abuse by many individuals, including priests, monks and volunteers, in England and Wales. The report said about Vincent Nichols, a cardinal since 2014 and the leader of the Catholic church in England and Wales, "There was no acknowledgement of any personal responsibility", and that Nichols protected the reputation of the Church rather than protecting victims, and lacked compassion towards victims. On 2 September 2021, the inquiry published Child protection in religious organisations and settings - Investigation Report, after examining evidence from 38 groups, including sects from Christianity, Orthodox Judaism and Islam. "Shocking failings" and "blatant hypocrisy" in the way major UK religious groups handle child sex abuse allegations were found. The report said that some religious organisations were "morally failing" children, discouraging the reporting of abuse to protect reputations, blaming victims for their abuse, and responding to allegations using religious dogma.

Final Report
The IICSA published its final report on 20 October 2022. In accordance with the Inquiry's Terms of Reference, the Report set out the main findings about the extent to which state and non-state institutions failed in their duty of care to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation and makes recommendations for reform.

The report included recommendations for government as "a matter of urgency". There were a number of recommendations:

 the introduction of a statutory requirement of mandatory reporting. In effect, it requires individuals in certain employments (paid or voluntary) and professions to report allegations of child sexual abuse to the relevant authorities;

 the establishment of a national redress scheme for England and for Wales, to provide some monetary redress for child sexual abuse for those who have been let down by institutions in the past;

 to secure the long-term spotlight on child sexual abuse through the creation of a Child Protection Authority (CPA) in England and in Wales;

 a single set of core data relating to child sexual abuse and child sexual exploitation;

 the creation of a cabinet-level Minister for Children;

 a public awareness campaign on child sexual abuse;

 a ban on the use of pain compliance techniques on children in custodial institutions;

 amendment of the Children Act 1989 to give parity of legal protection to children in care;

 registration of care staff in residential care, and staff in young offender institutions and secure training centres;

 improved compliance with statutory duties to inform the Disclosure and Barring Service about individuals who may pose a risk of harm to children;

 extending the disclosure regime to those working with children overseas;

 extended use of the barred list of people unsuitable for work with children;

 more robust age-verification requirements for the use of online platforms and services;

 mandatory online pre-screening for sexual images of children;

 a guarantee of specialist therapeutic support for child victims of sexual abuse;

 a code of practice for access to records pertaining to child sexual abuse;

 removal of the three-year limitation period for personal injury claims brought by victims; and

 further changes to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority.

HM Government response to the Final Report
The Home Secretary, Suella Braverman gave HM Government's response to the Final Report, which was published in May 2023. She wrote in the Foreword, "I am delighted that we have accepted the need to act on all but one of the Inquiry’s recommendations, and so demonstrate how seriously the Government takes the Inquiry’s findings. Each of those recommendations covers an extensive programme of work which will deliver real change for the future. I hope you will take the time to read our response to each in detail. But here I want to highlight three key measures which underscore the weight of our commitment to victims and survivors".

See also
 Operation Hydrant
 Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom
 Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry
 Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry
 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, in Australia
 Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal
 Medomsley Detention Centre
 Beechwood children's home

References

External links
  Home Secretary oral statement to Parliament on child abuse investigations, 7 July 2014
 Independent Panel Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse - Home
 Independent Panel Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse - Final Report

2014 in the United Kingdom
Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom
Children's rights in England
United Kingdom commissions and inquiries
Sex crimes in the United Kingdom
Sexual abuse cover-ups
Public inquiries in the United Kingdom


title: Lepturges umbrosus

text:
Lepturges umbrosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1978.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1978


title: Lepturges unicolor

text:
Lepturges unicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1959


title: Lepturges villiersi

text:
Lepturges villiersi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1962.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1962


title: Lepturges virgatus

text:
Lepturges virgatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1978.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1978


title: Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah

text:
Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah (died 1857) was the thirty-second sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. His largely nominal reign lasted from 1838 to 1857.

Nominal sultan

Originally called Raja Sulaiman, he was the only son of Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I. When his father died in 1838, Raja Sulaiman was nominally put on the throne under the name Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah. However, he was still only a child. His forceful uncle Ibrahim was in fact made acting sultan; as such he is known as Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah (1838-1870). The latter married his daughter Sribanun to the young Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah. The sultan was also married to Tengku Seriati binti Abbas who was likewise his first cousin.

Incidents with the Dutch

The nominal reign of Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah was filled with incidents with the Dutch colonial state. Although Aceh was still entirely independent, it was considered a part of the Dutch sphere of interest following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. In 1839 the important port Barus, hitherto a part of the Acehnese possessions, was occupied by the Dutch whose claims to that place went back before 1779. That triggered an Acehnese counter-attack in October in the same year, departing from Tapus and Singkil. This in turn led to Dutch forces taking these two places in 1840. The Acehnese attempted to attack Singkil in 1848, which caused the Dutch to seek support from Trumon, a principality which had formerly stood under Aceh but withdrawn around 1830. The raja of Trumon received 200 guilders per month for his assistance. The flourishing pepper trade was occasionally disturbed when ships belonging to European powers were plundered. On one occasion in 1844 the two ports Kuala Bateë and Meureudu were chastised by British warships after a set of piratical acts. Acehnese power over part of the east coast of Sumatra, including Langkat, Serdang, Batubara, Deli and Asahan was strengthened in 1853-54 thanks to the efforts of the senior sultan Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah.

Power struggles

When Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah had come to age he demanded the powers that were due to him from his uncle. However, Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah refused to step down. As a consequence a civil war broke out in 1854. The nominal sultan was supported by the panglimas (headmen) of two of the regions, the XXV Mukims and XXVI Mukims, plus a further number of chiefs. His uncle, the acting sultan, found support from other important chiefs. This made for a long and violent struggle between the two parties. Alauddin Ibrahim Mansur Syah was able to dominate the capital Kutaraja while his nephew stayed at the VI Mukims, part of the XXV Mukims. The uleëbalang (chief) of the VII Mukims, part of the XXII Mukims, showed his strength by attacking the palace in Kutaraja, after which Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah married the chief's sister. However, he died in 1857 without gaining the capital, leaving his rival as the sole ruler. He left a son called Mahmud, born from a commoner wife; this prince later became sultan in 1870.

References

Literature

 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië (1917), Vol. 1. 's Gravenhage & Leiden: M. Nijhoff & Brill.
 Langen, K.F.H. van (1888), De inrichting van het Atjehsche staatsbestuur onder het sultanaat. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.
 Said, H. Mohammad (1981) Aceh sepanjang abad, Jilid pertama. Medan: Waspada.
 Zainuddin, H.M. (1961) Tarich Atjeh dan Nusantara, Jilid I. Medan: Pustaka Iskandar Muda.

Sultans of Aceh
1857 deaths
19th-century Indonesian people

Year of birth unknown


title: Lepturges virgulti

text:
Lepturges virgulti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1962.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1962


title: Lepturges zikani

text:
Lepturges zikani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1928.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1928


title: Lepturginus obscurellus

text:
Lepturginus obscurellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1959


title: Lepturginus tigrellus

text:
Lepturginus tigrellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1874.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1874


title: SC Utexafrica

text:
Sports Club Utexafrica, more commonly known as Utexafrica, is a Congolese football club based in Kinshasa.

History

Performance in CAF competitions
2002 CAF Cup: first round
The club have 1 appearance in CAF Cup

Current squad

Stadium
Currently the team plays at the Stade des Martyrs.

References

External links

Football clubs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Football clubs in Kinshasa
Sports clubs and teams in the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: Lepturgotrichona bordoni

text:
Lepturgotrichona bordoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Martins in 1976.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1976


title: Ovingdean Rectory

text:
Ovingdean Rectory is a clergy house at Ovingdean, East Sussex, England. The building was built from 1804 to 1807, replacing an earlier rectory described as "a mean, thatched parsonage-house" in a letter to Sir William Burrell There are mathematical tiles on the southern and western exterior. It is adjacent to St Wulfran's Church.

It is listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England. The coach house to the rectory is listed Grade II.

References

Houses in Brighton and Hove
Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove
Clergy houses in England
Houses completed in 1807
Grade II* listed houses


title: Lepturgotrichona cubaecola

text:
Lepturgotrichona cubaecola is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1942.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1942


title: Lepturgotrichona stigmatica

text:
Lepturgotrichona stigmatica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1881.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1881


title: Lethes humeralis

text:
Lethes humeralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zayas in 1975.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1975


title: Lethes indignus

text:
Lethes indignus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zayas in 1975.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1975


title: 1827 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1827 State of the Union Address was written by John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States.  It was given on Tuesday, December 4, 1827, to the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate.  Adams said, "A revolution of the seasons has nearly been completed since the representatives of the people and States of this Union were last assembled at this place to deliberate and to act upon the common important interests of their constituents."  It was given to the 20th United States Congress.

References

1827 documents
State of the Union
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
December 1827 events
State of the Union addresses
Presidency of John Quincy Adams
Works by John Quincy Adams
20th United States Congress


title: Ministry of Transport (Albania)

text:
The Ministry of Transport () was a department of the Albanian Government responsible for the transport, infrastructure, technical standards, water supply and sanitation, and urban waste management.

History

Reorganization
Since the establishment of the institution, the Ministry of Transport has undergone several administrative changes to its organizational structure. When a new department was formed, it often merged with the ministry thus expanding its role, subsequently leading to the name of the ministry being changed. If that department later broke off as a separate ministry or was dissolved, the ministry reverted to its original name.

 Ministry of Transport (1987–1991)
 Ministry of Transports (1991–1992)
 Ministry of Transports and Communications (1992–1994)
 Ministry of Industry, Transport and Trade (1994–1997)
 Ministry of Public Works and Transport (1997–1999)
 Ministry of Transport (1999–2002)
 Ministry of Transports and Telecommunication (2002–2005)
 Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Telecommunication (2005–2010)
 Ministry of Public Works and Transport (2010–2013)
 Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (2013–2017)

Subordinate institutions
 General Directorate of Policy
 Directorate of Transportation Policy
 Directorate of Water Supply and Sewage Policy
 General Directorate of Standards and Monitoring
 Directorate for Licensing and Construction Regulations
 Directorate of Monitoring and Statistics
 Directorate of Traffic and Road Safety
 Directorate of Support Services
 Directorate of Fincance
 General Directorate for Integration
 Directorate for Projects
 Directorate for European Integration.

Officeholders (1987–present)

See also
Transportation in Albania

References

Transportation
Politics of Albania
1912 establishments in Albania
Albania


title: Rajania

text:
Rajania is a genus of plants in the Dioscoreaceae. It is native to the West Indies, with 14 of the 17 known species found in Cuba.

 Rajania angustifolia Sw. - Cuba, Haiti
 Rajania cephalocarpa Uline ex R.Knuth - Cuba
 Rajania cordata L. - Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles
 Rajania ekmanii R.Knuth  - Cuba
 Rajania hastata L. - Hispaniola
 Rajania microphylla Kunth - Bahamas, Cuba
 Rajania nipensis R.A.Howard - Cuba
 Rajania ovata Sw. - Cuba, Hispaniola
 Rajania pilifera Urb. - Haiti
 Rajania porulosa R.Knuth  - Cuba
 Rajania psilostachya (Kunth) Uline - Cuba
 Rajania quinquefolia L. - Cuba, Hispaniola
 Rajania spiculiflora Uline ex R.Knuth - Haiti
 Rajania tenella R.A.Howard - Cuba
 Rajania tenuiflora R.Knuth  - Cuba, Hispaniola
 Rajania theresensis Uline ex R.Knuth - Cuba
 Rajania wrightii Uline ex R.Knuth - Cuba

References

Dioscoreaceae
Dioscoreales genera


title: Paeromopus paniculus

text:
Paeromopus paniculus is a species of millipede endemic to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the United States state of California. Reaching up to 16.5 centimeters (6.5 inches) in length, it is the longest known millipede in North America.

Description
P. paniculus is bluish gray in color with very faint bands. The body possesses around 75 segments ("rings") at maturity, and adults measure  wide and  long, with the longest known specimen reaching a length of 16.5 cm (6.5 in). Like other members of the family Paeromopodidae, each body ring is marked with small parallel grooves running lengthwise, and mature males have two pair of modified legs (gonopods) on the seventh body segment (not including the head) that are used in mating.

Distribution and habitat
P. paniculus lives in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, and has mainly been found within Yosemite National Park and other parts of Mariposa County. P. paniculus is the southernmost species of Paeromopus in the Sierra Nevada. Little is known of its ecology but P. paniculus has been found in moist microhabitats under dead logs and bark and is known to co-occur with Californiulus yosemitensis, another member of the Paeromopodidae, which is distinguished from P. paniculus by having a broad yellow dorsal stripe with a black line down the middle.

Discovery
Although formally described in 1997, the first specimens were collected as early as 1952. The holotype is a male collected in 1969 and housed in the Bohart Museum of Entomology at the University of California, Davis. The specific epithet (species name) paniculus means "tuft" in Latin, in reference to a tuft of small spines on the hind gonopods that distinguishes P. paniculus from its northern relative, P. eldoradus.

See also
Ecology of the Sierra Nevada
Ecology of California

References

Julida
Millipedes of North America
Endemic fauna of California
Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Animals described in 1997
Fauna without expected TNC conservation status


title: Marialia Pacitto

text:
Marialia Pacitto is an Italian-American fashion designer from Los Angeles. Pacitto's collections were presented seasonally by Project Ethos's Los Angeles Fashion Week.

Early life

Marialia Pacitto was born in Torrance, California, a suburb beach town in Los Angeles County. Coming from Italian descent, Pacitto was raised back and forth for 17 years between her hometown and her second home in a small town outside of Rome, Italy. She attended American public school and graduated in 2007. Having a lifelong interest in fashion and zero knowledge about the industry, Pacitto finally decided to become a fashion designer in her third year of high school, establishing her self-titled brand 'Marialia' and launching MarialiaXo.com (now Marialia.com) in 2006.

Career

On March 19, 2010, Pacitto exhibited her first ready-to-wear collection at Los Angeles Fashion Week. For the following years, Pacitto continued to expand her brand and show her collections regularly at Los Angeles Fashion Week. As popularity and sales grew, the brand gained more exposure once grabbing the attention of some well-known celebrities. In 2011, after being featured on CocoPerez.com (Perez Hilton's fashion blog), Pacitto's clothing was seen on rapper Chanel West Coast. Throughout this time, Pacitto continued to pursue other elements of the industry such as wardrobe styling and costume design, later leading her to style music videos and create custom costume and couture pieces for artists like Tyga, Flo Rida, Chanel West Coast, Bebe Rexha, and Lady Gaga. Pacitto also filmed a segment and was featured as a well-known American fashion designer on popular German TV reality show Auf Und Davon on VOX. Her 2014 collection and fashion week showcase was covered on an episode that aired nationwide and online on April 13, 2014. During this period, Pacitto also participated in The Dream Builder's Project for various charity events and was a regular attendee and special guest supporter for their annual charity gala benefiting Children's Hospital of Los Angeles.

Retailers

During 2011-2015, Pacitto also sold her brand in retailers including Karmaloop, and Dolls Kil.l Marialia was one of the first brands to be carried by Dolls Kill in 2011, being dubbed by the retailer as a "hard-to-find brand."

Lady Gaga G.U.Y. video

In March 2014, Lady Gaga released her video for the song "G.U.Y.", which Pacitto was asked to create custom pieces for. The custom designs were for a specific scene in the video, which featured Gaga floating on an Egyptian-inspired canal boat with muscular lifeguards surrounding her. Working with Gaga's team on the concept, Pacitto handmade 6 pairs of gold wing arm floaties in a 48 hour time frame to be worn by the male models. This has been stated to be an original design idea of Lady Gaga herself. After the release of the video, the custom gold wing arm floaties received a lot of attention online from bloggers dedicated to Lady Gaga fashion. On March 28, 2014, the gold wing arm floaties were featured in "The G.U.Y. Hotel", an exhibit created by Lady Gaga at trendy hotel The Out NYC.

Ethical/sustainable fashion

In 2015, as Pacitto's interest in sustainable fashion began to grow, she partnered with Helpsy, a current for-profit B Corp with an environmental mission to recycle clothes, for their online e-commerce shop. At the time, Helpsy was one of the very first ethical fashion e-commerce websites. A year later, Buzzfeed named Helpsy one of the 14 best places to shop sustainably while featuring Pacitto's swimsuit design. As Pacitto re-branded and continued to shift her designs toward being more sustainable, she received mentions in articles from ethical fashion sites including The Fashion Law and NerdDNA."Already costuming well known celebrities and churning out ready to wear, [Marialia Pacitto] hand makes her entire collection ethically in the USA." In 2017, Pacitto took a hiatus from her regular collection as she explored new avenues of design and studied textiles, pattern making, graphic design, and photography. The following year, Pacitto launched Private Client to deal with limited-run production services for other brands and independent designers. Continuing with her education on the ethics of fashion, Pacitto re-emerged years later with her Spring Summer 2021 Collection- the first Ready-to-Wear line from the designer in 5 years. This collection made its debut on ASOS Marketplace as one of the first independent designers from Los Angeles carried by the UK-based retailer. Pacitto also won their AW21 Homepage Competition which featured the brand on their marketplace homepage for the Autumn/Winter 2021 season.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American fashion designers
American women fashion designers
American costume designers
21st-century American women


title: Stenomeris

text:
Stenomeris is a genus of plants in the family Dioscoreaceae. It has two known species, native to Southeast Asia. Older systems such as that of Hutchinson placed Stenomeris as the type genus of the family Stenomeridaceae, order Dioscoreales (Stenomeridaceae J. Agardh, nom. cons.).

 Stenomeris borneensis Oliv. - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Mindanao
 Stenomeris dioscoreifolia Planch. - Philippines

References

Dioscoreales genera
Dioscoreaceae
Taxa named by Jules Émile Planchon


title: 1791 State of the Union Address

text:
The state of union is an address, in the United States, given by the president to a joint session of Congress, the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. The United States constitution requires the president "from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union." Today the state of the union address is given as a speech, though this is not a requirement of the constitution. George Washington chose to address the congress in a speech annually; on October 25, 1791 he gave his third speech.

Historical background

Government
A major concern at the time was the raising of taxes, as Congress were arguing whether they had the constitutional power to do so. Revenues  for the Federal Government were at that time mostly collected on import duties. Alexander Hamilton, the then Secretary of the Treasury, felt these had been raised to as high a level as was reasonable, and a new income stream was necessary.

It is important to note that, before the speech, Congress had been debating where to put the capital. Finally, through a deal made between Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, they came to a conclusion. This deal is known as the Compromise of 1790.

Westward movement and Census Act

At the time the U.S. was in possession of the original thirteen colonies, along with the land gained in the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris ended the revolutionary war; in it, America was granted territory as far west as the Mississippi River. Known as the year of "Great Immigration" 1788 was the year many Americans moved west. On October 18, 1790 the Ohio tribe defeated an expedition of American troops near Fort Wayne, Indiana; this signified the beginning of the hostilities in the North West territory. On March 30, 1791 construction of the Knoxville Road began, linking to the Wilderness Road and to Knoxville. The road opened up more frontier area for settlements. In September 1791, there was much hostility in Ohio territory; this caused Americans to build forts at Hamilton, St.Clair, Jefferson, Greenville and Recovery.

At the time the Census Act had been in place for just over a year and a half. The act called for a routine census of the United States, and was passed by Congress on March 1, 1790.

Speech

Opening
Washington opened the speech with "I meet you upon the present occasion with the feelings which are naturally inspired by a strong impression of the prosperous situations of our common country, and by a persuasion equally strong that the labors of the session which has just commenced will, under the guidance of a spirit no less prudent than patriotic, issue in measures conducive to the stability and increase of national prosperity."

He acknowledged that there had been some "degree of discontent" about the Whiskey Tax, and that it was not perfect, but he was going to keep it anyway. He said "revision of the provision will be found advisable." The Whiskey tax was one Hamilton wanted enacted as part of a funding system for the new country.

He then goes on to talk about the creation of Washington D.C., that it "will comprehend lands on both sides of the river Potomac and the Towns Alexandria and Georgetown."

America's debt
He says that the debt has been mostly dealt with, but there might be a few things that still need to be paid off and he urges the House of Representatives to pay off any lingering debts, and there will be exact numbers coming to them soon. "The part of the debt of the United States which remains unsubscribed will naturally engage your further deliberation," Washington is saying the House of Representatives must talk further on the debt that has not yet been dealt with.

Hostilities with Native Americans
Washington admonished those along the border and their treatment of the Native Americans, stating "In vain may we expect peace with the Indians on our frontiers so long as a lawless set of unprincipled wretches can violate the rights of hospitality, or infringe the most solemn treaties, without receiving the punishment they so justly merit." Washington states he wish for peace in the future: "It is sincerely to be desired that all need of coercion in future may cease and that an intimate intercourse may succeed, calculated to advance the happiness of the Indians and attach them firmly to the United States." Although he wishes peace, he also wants the tribes to attach themselves to the United States, he remarks that some already have, "considerable numbers of individuals belong to them [the tribes] have lately renounced all further opposition, removed from their former situation, and placed themselves under the immediate protection of the United States." He is also willing to use "offensive operations" because peace "proved unsuccessful."

Conclusion
Washington briefly mentions the "completion of the census of the inhabitants," he is talking about the Census of 1790. He says that "the present population of the United States boarders on 4,000,000 persons," the number was 3,929,625.

At the end of the speech he comments on "the militia, the post office and post roads, the mint, weights and measures, a provision for the sale of the vacant lands of the United States." Washington wants to send militia to particularly vulnerable places in the USA, as they are a new country. He says that the United States must have "systematic and solid arrangements, exposed as little as possible to the hazards of fortuitous circumstances." He beliefs that there must be more post offices and roads, to create unity with in the country. As well to make sure that there is no :misrepresentation and misconception" of the "laws and proceedings of the Government." He then remarks that there is a scarcity of smaller American change and that there must be more put into place. Washington then goes on to say that the wright and measures of the country must be uniform and conducive to public convenience. Lastly, he closes with asking that "the sale of the vacant land of the United States,"  and that it is seen "as s fund for reimbursing the public debt."

Policies

Washington spent a good deal of the speech trying to convince the Native Americans to become part of the United States, as well as convincing the citizens of the country of the importance of doing so. He pushed the Senate to ratify the treaties pending before that House with the Cherokees and Six Nations of Indians (Iroquois Confederation). He said: "Gentlemen of the Senate: Two treaties which have been provisionally concluded with the Cherokees and the Six Nations of Indians will be laid before you for your consideration and ratification."

He stated that the House needed to act on bills to ensure the financial security of the nation.

Washington defended the need for the unpopular "Whiskey Tax" a leading cause of the Whiskey Rebellion

References

State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
Presidency of George Washington
State of the Union addresses
Speeches by George Washington
2nd United States Congress
State of the Union


title: South Fork of the Forked Deer River

text:
The South Fork of the Forked Deer River is formed at the confluence of Huggins Creek and Tar Creek in the southern part of Chester County, Tennessee, United States. It flows in a generally northern direction and passes just to the east of Henderson. It then runs in a northwesterly direction and enters Madison County and passes near Pinson. Flowing still generally north it passes through Jackson. It continues across Madison County and enters Crockett County, It flows in a northwest direction through the following counties sometimes passing in and out of a county several times. Haywood County, Lauderdale County and Dyer County where it joins with the North Fork. The Forked Deer then empties into the Obion River which in turn flows into the Mississippi River.

See also
List of rivers of Tennessee

References

Rivers of Tennessee
Bodies of water of Chester County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Madison County, Tennessee


title: Bartogay Lake

text:
Bartogai Lake (, Bartoğai bögenı) is a reservoir in the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan. As it is far away from any pollution sources, it has remained relatively pristine. It was formed in the early 1980s on the Chilik River at the base of the Sogety Plateau (Syugaty Hills) as part of an irrigation project. The dam was completed in 1983 and the site became operational in 1985. It collects water during the winter and spring then releases it for irrigation from June through September.

Recreational fishing in the lake and in the outlet stream is permitted at certain times of year. Animals in the area include marmots.

In the Almaty Region, thanks to Bartogay reservoir, the Shelek (Chilik) river was formed. In the early 1980s, the river was dammed by a stone-embankment 60 meters high, with a length of 330 meters. The waters of the reservoir feed the Big Almaty Canal, which stretches to the city of Almaty, irrigating the foothill agricultural zone on its way.
Bartogai is an ancient tract. On all sides, the tract is surrounded by mountains which shield it from the wind. In the middle of the area is a vast clearing. Once it was arable land; there are traces of ancient ditches. There are also many ancient burial mounds in Bartogai. The stones that form the mounds are covered with soil and are barely distinguishable from the surrounding terrain. The abundance of mounds here is no accident. From time immemorial, attracting people, Bartogai was considered sacred. Rites were performed there, and holidays were celebrated.

References

Lakes of Kazakhstan


title: Coalburg, Alabama

text:
Coalburg is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.

History
Coalburg was home to coal mines first developed by John T. Milner, who sold them in May 1883 to the Georgia Pacific Railway. Edward Magruder Tutwiler became the superintendent of the mines. Sloss-Sheffield Iron and Steel Company operated coke ovens at Coalburg during this time. At its peak, the Coalburg mines produced four thousand tons of coal per day. Overall, the Coalburg mines produced over 186,000 tons of coal. Sloss used convict labor to work in the Coalburg mines, with 320 men working in 1889. As the mines grew, the number of convicts used to work in the mines increased. The coal mined at and coke produced in Coalburg was sent to Sloss Furnaces in Birmingham to be turned into pig iron.

In 1890, eleven miners were killed in a mine explosion.

A post office was operated in Coalburg from 1883 until the 1980s.

Demographics

Coalburg was listed on the 1890 U.S. Census with a population of 842.

Notable people
Ed Sherling, Major League Baseball pinch hitter  and pinch runner who played in  with the Philadelphia Athletics
Guy Tutwiler, first baseman who played two seasons with the Detroit Tigers (1911, 1913)

References

Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Alabama


title: Ramai Hayward

text:
Patricia Rongomaitara "Ramai" Hayward  (née Te Miha, 11 November 1916 – 3 July 2014) was a New Zealand photographer, actor, and filmmaker who made films in five countries. Her film career began in 1940 when she co-starred in the historical movie Rewi's Last Stand, after meeting her future husband, legendary New Zealand director Rudall Hayward. The first Māori cinematographer, she spent three years making films in England with Rudall. Later the couple were the first to make English language films in China after the communist revolution.

Early life and family
Hayward was born in the North Island town of Martinborough in 1916, the daughter of Roihi Te Miha and Fred Mawhiney, a motor mechanic.  She affiliated to the Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāi Tahu iwi (tribes). Her father served in the New Zealand Machine Gun Corps and died of wounds in Belgium in 1917. In 1917 her mother married Jim Miller, and Hayward was subsequently known as Patricia Miller for a period.

Ramai was raised by her grandmother and great-grandfather, Huria Te Miha and Hemi Te Miha, in Pirinoa, Wairarapa until Huria passed away in 1920. Afterwards, she relocated to Christchurch where her mother and step-father lived.

Career
Ramai trained in stills photography when she became an apprentice to French photographer Henri Harrison in Wellington. In the 1930s she set up her own photography studio in Auckland, and soon had eight employees.

In the late 30s she met director Rudall Hayward, after he cast her as the romantic lead in a remake of his 1925 silent movie Rewi's Last Stand. Both films were inspired by conflicts during the New Zealand Wars.

In 1946 the couple, now married, traveled to England, where they spent around three years. Ramai learnt to operate the sound camera that Rudall had developed back in New Zealand. She was one of the few women working professionally as a cinematographer in the United Kingdom in this period.

The couple also made films in Australia, Albania, and China.

In the 1950s, based again in New Zealand but marketing their films around the world, they began two decades of making scenic films, a series of educational films, and a short film on Opo the dolphin. Ramai's contribution ranged across shooting, scripting, editing, and co-directing, but as Rudall got older, Ramai took on increasing responsibilities. Some say she was the primary force on their final feature film, 1972's To Love a Maori, which was the first local dramatic feature shot in colour.

Rudall died in 1974. In her later years, Ramai continued to take occasional acting roles. She was also active in advocating land rights pertaining to her iwi of Ngāti Kahungunu around Pirinoa. In the early 1990s, Hayward reportedly refused a damehood after taking part in years of protests, over Government plans to sell Cape Palliser Lighthouse and surrounding lands to overseas buyers. She died in July 2014.

Honours
In the 2006 New Year Honours, Hayward was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film and television.

References

External links

1916 births
2014 deaths
20th-century New Zealand actresses
21st-century New Zealand actresses
People from Martinborough
Ngāi Tahu people
Ngāti Kahungunu people
New Zealand Māori actresses
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand film directors
Indigenous filmmakers in New Zealand
New Zealand photographers
New Zealand women film directors


title: Pine Grove, St. Helena Parish, Louisiana

text:
Pine Grove is an unincorporated community in St. Helena Parish, Louisiana, United States. Pine Grove is located at the junction of Louisiana highways 16 and 449,  southwest of Greensburg. The community has a post office with ZIP code 70453.

References

Unincorporated communities in St. Helena Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana


title: Paweł Jaroszyński

text:
Paweł Kamil Jaroszyński (born 2 October 1994) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a left back for Ekstraklasa club Cracovia.

Club career
Jaroszyński started his career with Cracovia.

On 18 July 2017, he signed a four-year deal with Chievo Verona.

On 22 June 2019, Genoa announced the signing of Jaroszyński. Shortly after, on 7 August 2019, he moved to Serie B club Salernitana on loan until 30 June 2020. On 21 September 2020, he returned to Serie B, joining Pescara on another season-long loan. On 1 February 2021, he returned to Salernitana on another loan spell. On 17 July 2021, the loan was renewed with a conditional obligation to buy.

On 31 August 2022, after joining Salernitana on a permanent basis, he returned to Cracovia on loan until the end of the season.

Career statistics

References

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Lublin
Men's association football defenders
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Poland men's under-21 international footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
GKS Górnik Łęczna players
MKS Cracovia players
Ekstraklasa players
AC ChievoVerona players
Genoa CFC players
US Salernitana 1919 players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Italy


title: Tennessee State Route 95

text:
State Route 95 (SR 95) is a state route in the U.S. state of Tennessee.  It serves to connect Lenoir City with Greenback and Oak Ridge, via U.S. Route 321.

Route description
SR 95 serves as a secondary route between its southern terminus in Greenback and I-40 and as a primary highway for the rest of its duration.

SR 95 begins at US 411 (SR 33), in Greenback, and goes northwest predominantly along Lenoir City Road.  Curving through the Red Knobs, it passes through the communities of Centersville and Glendale, before reaching US 321 (SR 73).  This section of SR 95 is two-lane throughout, with no shoulders and minimum allowable lane widths.  The next , SR 95 is a hidden overlap of US 321, as it traverses through Lenoir City, intersecting US 11 (SR 2), I-75, and then US 70 (SR 1) in that city.

At the I-40 interchange, US 321 (SR 73) ends and SR 95 reemerges to continue the route towards  Oak Ridge.  Crossing the Clinch River, via the Charles Vanden Bulck Bridge, SR 95 enters Roane County and land controlled by the Department of Energy/Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  The highway curves along the various ridges, most access roads are controlled or blocked off.  As SR 95 approaches SR 58, the highway widens to four-lane before the interchange.  After the interchange, it continues north along Oak Ridge Turnpike as a four-lane divided highway.  It exits the Department of Energy's boundary near the Roane/Anderson county line, soon after neighborhoods begins to appear just off the road and bike lanes are along the shoulders.

In Anderson County, SR 95 serves as the main highway through Oak Ridge, with commercial businesses along its shoulders and neighborhoods connected by access roads.  At the center of Oak Ridge, SR 95 connects with SR 62 (Illinois Avenue), which continues to Oliver Springs and Knoxville.  Northeast of Oak Ridge, towards Clinton, SR 95 ends at the intersection of SR 61 (Oliver Springs Highway).

History

Junction list

References

External links

095
Transportation in Loudon County, Tennessee
Transportation in Roane County, Tennessee
Transportation in Anderson County, Tennessee
Oak Ridge, Tennessee


title: E. J. Poole-Connor

text:
Edward Joshua Poole-Connor (27 July 1872 to 20 January 1962) was an evangelical preacher and Christian leader whose ministry spanned a most turbulent period in British church life, from the time of Charles Spurgeon to the 1960s, and whose record and analysis of its events has been widely observed.

Bible League Quarterly
He edited this quarterly magazine, first founded in 1892 to defend the inerrancy of the Holy Scriptures. The magazine was started shortly after Charles Spurgeon's death. Following Spurgeon's lead in the Downgrade Controversy, he felt a strong responsibility to advocate ecclesiastical separation from churches he perceived to be in profound theological error. He wrote:

Founder of the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
The FIEC is an association of churches, affiliated together in distinction from the other nonconformist denominations, which Poole-Connor perceived to be falling prey to serious defection from historic evangelical doctrine and practice. He was a founder member of the International Council of Christian Churches and opposed the ecumenism of the World Council of Churches, which he regarded as apostate.

Involvement in The Lord's Day Observance Society
He vigorously supported the defence of the free observance of Sunday worship, and helped administer the Lord's Day Observance Society, opposing encroachments upon this liberty.

Secretary of the North Africa Mission
He served as secretary to the North Africa Mission, later known as Arab World Ministries, between his two pastorates at Talbot Tabernacle.

Restorationist
Like Spurgeon, and many Puritan and Evangelical predecessors he held Restorationist views about Israel's return.

Publications
 Evangelicalism in England (The Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches, 1951).
 Evangelical Unity (The Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches, 1941).
 Apostasy Of English Non-Conformity (1933)
 Denominational Confusion and the Way Out
 Why I Prefer the Authorised Version of the English Bible
 The Revised Standard Version
 Islam - What Is It?
 Mohammedism, An Elementary Catechism (Fellowship of Faith for the Moslems, 1959)
 The Teaching and Influence of Honor Oak
 The Coming of the Son of Man
 The Gateway to a Golden Age, Or Is Christ Coming Again? (Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony)
 Champion for the Truth, The Prophetic Messages (Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony)

Posthumous works:
 Christ's Millennial Kingdom (Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony, 1987)
 The World Council of Churches, Whence ... and Whither? A Brief Examination of the Modern Ecumenical Movement (British Evangelical Council, 1967)

References

1872 births
1962 deaths
19th-century evangelicals
20th-century Christian clergy
20th-century evangelicals
Evangelical pastors
Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches


title: Pine Grove, Louisiana

text:
Pine Grove may refer to the following places in the U.S. state of Louisiana:

Pine Grove, Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Pine Grove, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Pine Grove, St. Helena Parish, Louisiana


title: Perfect Exchange

text:
Perfect Exchange, also known as The Sting II, is a 1993 Hong Kong action comedy film written and directed by Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau and Tony Leung. The film was rated Category III by the Hong Kong motion picture rating system.

Plot
Mandy Chin (Andy Lau) plays poker with prison inspector Chung Cho-hung (Tony Leung), rich tycoon Lau Yiu-cho (Wan Chi Keung) and Singaporean gambler Chan Wah-lek (Natalis Chan) in Lau's casino and cheats with the help of his girlfriend, Lily (Christy Chung), and partner in crime, Gold Finger Chi (Liu Kai-chi) as the card dealers and wins over HK$6 million. Afterwards, Mandy and Chi were attacked by Lau's henchmen and engages in a car chase where Mandy evades them by crashing their cars leading to a big explosion. Mandy and Chi arrive at a disco bar where Chung was attempting to seduce Lily. After humiliating Chung, Mandy and Chi fight off some of Chung's subordinates and evades the rest in a footchase before cornering Chung in an elevator and beating him up.

Mandy and Chi return home and find Lau and his mistress, Mona (Anita Lee) holding Lily hostage while his top henchman, Pau (Wang Lung-wei) breaks Chi's leg. Lau, enraged that Mandy conned HK$4 million from him, blackmails Mandy to enter prison and interrogate his former subordinate, Robinson Shun (Kwan Hoi-san), who stole a total of HK$300 million treasury bond from him and promises to pay Mandy HK$10 million as a reward if he manages to have Robinson tell him the whereabouts of the bond within a month. Mandy and Lily sets up an act where she reports him for sexual harassment to get him arrested. However, due to lack of evidence, the judge does not adopt the case and Mandy resorts to throwing his shoe at the judge to get a one-month prison sentence for contempt of court and assaulting the judge.

Chung looked forward to torture Mandy in prison, but the latter bribes inmates Kei (Lee Siu-kei), Big Eye Kwong (Tommy Wong) and Crazy Bill (William Ho) for protection. Dinosaur (Chan Chi-fai), a henchman sent by Lau earlier to interrogate Robinson, attempts to assault the latter in the shower room but Mandy stops him and Dinosaur later breaks Robinson's leg. In the prison hospital, Robinson reveals to Mandy that Lau is actually his son-in-law who used to work for him and later cheated his assets and killed his daughter when she takes the HK$300 million treasury bond from Lau. Robinson attacks Lau with a cleaver out of anger and was arrested and imprisoned. Mandy has a change of heart after hearing this and Dinosaur warns him if he does not complete his job within two days, Chi will be in danger. Robinson overhears this but he believes Mandy to be a good person and asks him to take down and promises to give him the treasury bond if succeeds.

Knowing the treasury bond are hidden in Lau's villa, Mandy bribes Chung with HK$30 million to help him by wooing Mona. Mandy sneaks out of prison by hiding in the car of a Catholic social worker, Turkey Chu (Kingdom Yuen) and attempts to find the treasury bond at Lau's villa while Chung have sex with Mona in the bedroom of Lau's deceased wife. However, Mandy finds Chi's dead body while Lau also catches Chung and causes Chung to be arrested and imprisoned for home intrusion and indecent exposure. Chung and Mandy (who snuck back into prison) are assigned to the same cell with Dinosaur, who fights them with his henchmen until Robinson, Kwong, Kei and Bill were moved to the same cell.

On the night of Lau and Mona's engagement party, a riot erupts after Robinson tackles Dinosaur in the cafeteria. After Mandy and Chung defeat Pau, who was also sent into prison by Lau, the two sneak out from prison with Robinson amidst the chaos. Once out, Robinson reveals to Chung that the treasury bond is hidden in the pillow on the bed of the bedroom of Lau's wife (which Chung lay on earlier), Chung then knocks out Mandy and Robinson to get it for himself. Chung arrives at the party in Lau's villa but Lau discovers him and holds him at gunpoint. Mandy also arrives in time with a gun and shoots Lau after knocking Chung. With the help of Lily, Mandy lures Lau into killing Mona and Lau was arrested as a result, and Robinson pulls out hidden bonds from a lizard cage. Mandy, Chung and Robinson then sneak back into prison while dressed as paramedics in an ambulance. Mandy was acquitted of his sexual harassment charge, he gives Chung the HK$30 million check he promised earlier, which will only become available in 1997, the bonds are deposited in a Switzerland bank to generate interest while Mandy will travel around the world with Lily during four years.

Cast
Andy Lau as Mandy Chin (錢文迪), an expert gambler and swindler.
Tony Leung Ka-fai as Chung Cho-hung (鍾楚雄), a prison inspector who is nicknamed Killer Hung (殺手雄) for wooing countless women.
Christy Chung as Lily (莉莉), Mandy's girlfriend.
Kwan Hoi-san as Robinson (魯賓孫), a prison inmate framed by Lau, who also accumulated his assets.
Kingdom Yuen as Turkey Chu (朱火雞), a Catholic social worker who is attracted to Mandy and helped him sneak in and out of prison several times.
Anita Lee as Mona (夢娜), Lau's mistress who cheats on him with numerous men.
Natalis Chan as Chan Wah-lek (陳華叻), a nine-time poker champion from Singapore who loses to Mandy in a poker game.
Liu Kai-chi as Chi (阿智), nicknamed Gold Finger (金手指), Mandy's assistant and partner in crime.
Tommy Wong as Big Eye Kwong (大眼光), a prison inmate bribed by Mandy.
Wang Lung-wei as Pau (阿豹), Lau's top henchman.
Chan Chi-fai as Dinosaur (恐龍), Lau's henchman who was sent to interrogate Robinson in prison but was unsuccessful.
Lee Siu-kei as Brother Kei (基哥), a prison inmate bribed by Mandy.
Victor Hon as Brother Hung, a prison inmate.
William Ho as Crazy Bill (傻標), a prison inmate bribed by Mandy.
Wan Chi Keung as Lau Yiu-cho (劉耀祖), Robinson's son in-law who blackmails Mandy in order to seize a HK$300 million treasury bond.
Teddy Yip as Chung Cho-hung's adoptive father and a former sailor who was at sea when his wife cheated on him and have birth to Chung.
Lok Wai as the girlfriend Chung's father from Beijing who leaves him after causing him to suffer a heart attack while engaging in BDSM.
Pau Hon-lam as a judge who sentenced both Mandy and Chung to prison and a victim of the two's shoe throwing at their respective hearings.
Law Shu-kei as the prison warden.
Fung Wai-lung as Lau's henchman.
Sam Ho as Dog (食屎狗), Chung's subordinate.
Bobby Au-yeung
Carol Lee
Leung Siu-tik as a prison inmate
Kwan Yung as Inmate
Kong Miu-ting as a prison inmate and a prison guard in dual roles.
Ng Kwok-kin as a prison guard.
Chan Siu-wah as Chung's subordinate at disco
Fei Pak as a prison guard
Wong Wai-shun as Lau's henchman.

Reception

Critical
Perfect Exchange received relatively positive scores of 6.1/10 stars from the Internet Movie Database and 6.8/10 stars from Douban. Kenneth Brorsson of So Good Reviews gave the film a positive review and writes "It helps that a performer like Tony Leung is very game and while Andy Lau is the cool presence in addition to a character rarely being in danger, he's the lesser part of the double act. It just doesn't seem like a fit to have Lau this time around in such a jarring Wong Jing film that mixes the crazy, the silly, Lau going into prison on a rape charge and various, jarring pieces of violence scattered throughout. But it's bearable and actually funny in parts so therefore great success coming from Wong Jing."

Box office
The film grossed HK$27,912,327 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 30 September to 20 October 1993 in Hong Kong.

See also
Andy Lau filmography
Wong Jing filmography
List of Hong Kong Category III films

References

External links

Perfect Exchange at Hong Kong Cinemagic

1993 films
1993 martial arts films
1993 action comedy films
1990s prison films
Hong Kong action comedy films
Hong Kong martial arts comedy films
Hong Kong prison films
Films about gambling
Prison comedy films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Films directed by Wong Jing
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Hong Kong films


title: Qufaylun

text:
Qufaylun () is a Syrian village located in the Hirbnafsah Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qufaylun had a population of 501 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

References

Alawite communities in Syria
Populated places in Hama District


title: Jessica Barnett

text:
Jessica Barnett (born June 5, 1991 in North Vancouver, British Columbia) is a female field hockey player, who played for the Canada national field hockey team as a defender at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. She attended the University of Iowa, where she was a two time All-American while playing for the Hawkeyes.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Canadian female field hockey players
Field hockey people from British Columbia
Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from North Vancouver
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada
Iowa Hawkeyes field hockey players
University of Iowa alumni


title: Bartosz Kapustka

text:
Bartosz Kapustka (born 23 December 1996) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ekstraklasa club Legia Warsaw.

Club career

KS Cracovia
In October 2012, he started his career after being promoted to KS Cracovia first team squad.

Leicester City
Kapustka was signed by Premier League club Leicester City for a reported £7.5m in August 2016, signing a five-year contract. He cited manager Claudio Ranieri as his motivation for joining the club. Ranieri admitted he was unsure when Kapustka "will be ready to play in the Premier League". Having already played for the Leicester Under-23s, a loan move was not possible due to FIFA rules prohibiting a player from appearing for three clubs in one season.

Kapustka finally made his senior debut for Leicester in a 2–1 FA Cup third-round win at Everton on 7 January 2017, coming on as an 84th-minute substitute for Marc Albrighton. He made his full debut in a 3–1 FA Cup fourth-round replay win over Derby County on 8 February 2017, playing in a central attacking role behind striker Ahmed Musa. Kapustka made 47 touches and two interceptions before he was replaced by Riyad Mahrez in the 81st minute.

SC Freiburg (loan)
On 14 July 2017, Kapustka joined Bundesliga club SC Freiburg on loan for 2017–18 season. The Breisgau-based side secured an option to sign him permanently at the end of the season for a transfer fee of €5 million.

OH Leuven (loan)
On 31 August 2018, Kapustka joined Belgian First Division B club Oud-Heverlee Leuven on loan for 2018–19 season.

Legia Warsaw
On 13 August 2020, Kapustka joined Polish Ekstraklasa club Legia Warsaw on a two-year contract.

International career
On 7 September 2015, Kapustka made his debut appearance for the Poland national team in a match against Gibraltar, substituting Jakub Błaszczykowski. He scored his first goal for the national team on his debut. In the buildup to the Euro 2016, Kapustka was involved in a brawl outside a night club, in which he sustained an injury. Following the incident, he made a phone call personally to Poland national team manager Adam Nawałka, to ask for his forgiveness and ask that he not be excluded from the squad for the upcoming tournament. Kapustka was eventually selected for Poland's Euro 2016 campaign, and produced a standout performance in the team's opening match victory over Northern Ireland.

Career statistics

Club

International
Scores and results list Poland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kapustka goal.

Honours
Legia Warsaw
Ekstraklasa: 2020–21
Polish Cup: 2022–23

Individual
 Ekstraklasa Young Player of the Season: 2015–16
Ekstraklasa Player of the Month: February 2021

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tarnów
Footballers from Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Men's association football midfielders
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's international footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Poland men's under-21 international footballers
Ekstraklasa players
Regionalliga players
Bundesliga players
Challenger Pro League players
Tarnovia Tarnów players
Hutnik Kraków players
MKS Cracovia players
Leicester City F.C. players
SC Freiburg players
SC Freiburg II players
Oud-Heverlee Leuven players
Legia Warsaw players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Polish expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Belgium


title: Greater Manchester Police Museum

text:
The Greater Manchester Police Museum is a former police station converted into a museum and archives detailing the history of policing in Greater Manchester, England. It was home to Manchester City Police and then its successors Manchester and Salford Police and Greater Manchester Police from 1879 until 1979.

Upon its conversion to a museum in 1981 the interior was redesigned to reflect its past and now serves as a reminder of Victorian policing. The building was Grade II listed in 1994 as Former Newton Street Police Station.

Location
Located on Newton Street in Manchester's Northern Quarter it is a short walk away from Piccadilly Gardens and Piccadilly railway station.

See also

Listed buildings in Manchester-M1

References

External links
 Official Website

Grade II listed museum buildings
Grade II listed buildings in Manchester
Museums in Manchester
Law enforcement museums in England


title: Jacob Nunnemacher

text:
Jacob "Jake" Nunnemacher (1819–ca. 1876), was a prominent businessman from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is known for the Nunnemacher Grand Opera House and also for the Nunnemacher Distillery which operated from 1842 to 1862.

Background
Nunnemacher was born in a German-speaking area of Switzerland. He emigrated to New Orleans in 1841, and then moved to Milwaukee in 1843 because of its large German–speaking population.

Meat market and distillery
Nunnemacher first sold meat at a stall in the public market, and then went on to buy a large two–story building.  He had his meat market below and lived above with his family. He bought an additional property in the Town of Lake in 1854, which later became a part of Milwaukee. He had a cattle farm and distillery there. His home included a saloon.

Nunnemacher Grand Opera House
Nunnemacher and his son Hermann built the Nunnemacher Grand Opera House in 1871. It spanned an entire block and was three stories high. It was later sold to Frederick Pabst who renamed the theater Das Neue Deutsche Stadt-Theater, or Stadt Theater. The theater suffered a large fire, was rebuilt and is now known as Pabst Theater, which is still in operation today.

Criminal involvement
Nunnemacher eventually sold his distillery, which went on to become the Kinnickinnic Distillery.

However, in 1875 Nunnemacher was caught in the Whiskey Ring, and he was convicted and sent to prison for six months. The courts felt that he had conspired with the new owner of the distillery with manufacturing and removing illicit spirits, and that Jacob and his son, Hermann, were still operating as employees there and paying off tax revenue agents to avoid paying a $2 per barrel tax on whiskey.

Nunnemacher spent two months in jail. His influential Republican friends petitioned President Ulysses S. Grant for a pardon, which was granted.

Death
Nunnemacher died the same year he was released from prison.

Family
The Nunnemachers became one of Milwaukee's most prominent families, heavily involved in the business community, especially banking, manufacturing, and grain/shipping. Jacob's son Robert Nunnemacher founded Galland Henning Nopak, Inc., then a manufacturer of pneumatic malting equipment for the beer brewing industry. Now in its 132nd year of operation, the company remains family-owned with fourth-generation member Heath A. Nunnemacher serving as chairman of the board.

References

People from Milwaukee
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
1819 births
1870s deaths
19th-century American businesspeople


title: Magomed Gimbatov

text:
Magomed Asadaliyevich Gimbatov (; born November 11, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with SKA-Neva of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Gimbatov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Metallurg Novokuznetsk during the inaugural 2008–09 KHL season.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
HC Almaty players
Buran Voronezh players
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl players
Metallurg Novokuznetsk players
Russian ice hockey forwards
San Francisco Bulls players
SKA Saint Petersburg players
SKA-Neva players
HC Vityaz players


title: African American Engagement Office

text:
An African American Engagement Office is a United States-based center established by Republican Party operatives in an effort to secure the votes of African Americans.  Currently there are two African American Engagement Offices, one in Charlotte, North Carolina and one in Detroit, Michigan. First established in late 2013, the offices are part of the Republican National Committee's $10 million voter engagement push in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Kentucky Senator Rand Paul presided over the inauguration of Detroit's African American Engagement Office in December 2013. The office's current national director is Ashley Bell and its Deputy National Director is Ayshia Connors.

References

Politics and race in the United States
Organizations based in Charlotte, North Carolina
Organizations based in Detroit
Republican Party (United States)


title: Marcin Flis

text:
Marcin Flis (born 10 February 1994) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ekstraklasa club ŁKS Łódź.

Club career
On 18 August 2020, he signed with Ekstraklasa club Stal Mielec. On 29 August 2022, after remaining a free agent since 30 June, he rejoined Stal on a one-year contract, with an extension option.

On 3 July 2023, Flis joined another top flight side ŁKS Łódź on a two-year deal.

External links

References

1994 births
People from Lublin County
Footballers from Lublin Voivodeship
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Men's association football defenders
GKS Bełchatów players
Piast Gliwice players
GKS Katowice players
GKS Górnik Łęczna players
Sandecja Nowy Sącz players
Stal Mielec players
ŁKS Łódź players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players


The 10th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival, also billed as Cinemalaya X was held from August 1–10 of 2014 in Metro Manila, Philippines. The achievements of Cinemalaya over the past ten years are summed up in the festival's theme: A Decade of Connecting Dimensions. The theme highlights Cinemalaya as a flourishing network of individuals, groups and institutions with a common goal of developing and promoting Filipino independent filmmaking.

The festival was opened by Jose Antonio Vargas' Documented, a documentary film that chronicles his life living in America and his struggles as an undocumented immigrant. While the closing film was A Thief, a Kid and a Killer, a crime-drama film directed by American director Nathan Adolfson, starring Epi Quizon and Felix Roco.

At the awards ceremony held at the Cultural Center of the Philippines Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo on August 10; both Bwaya and Kasal won four awards each. Their awards included Best Film and Best Cinematography in their respective categories.

Entries
The fifteen feature-film entries are divided into two separate competitions. The five feature-film entries will compete under the Directors Showcase which are presented by veteran film directors of the country. While the other ten feature-film entries will compete under the New Breed section which are presented by first-time or young filmmakers working today. The Short Film section has also ten competing entries.
The winning film is highlighted with boldface and a dagger.

Directors Showcase

New Breed

Short films

Awards
This year's Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival awards night was held Sunday night, August 10, at the Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo (Main Theater) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. Under the Director's Showcase category, Joselito Altarejos' Kasal, a slice-of-life drama of a gay couple, won the Best Film and was cited for its "deeply sensitive and moving depiction of the intricacies of relationships." While Francis Xavier Pasion's Bwaya won the Best Film of the New Breed selection and was cited  "for its melding of documentary and fictional filmmaking, its effective depiction of a community's efforts to come to grips with the horrible death of a young girl from a crocodile attack, and its powerful evocation of the marshes of Agusan in Mindanao, a vast wilderness where man and beast seek to maintain an ecology of cohabitation."

It is also the first time in Cinemalaya history to give the award of the Gawad Balanghai as a lifetime achievement award. Filipino filmmaker Kidlat Tahimik, dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Independent Cinema", was given the first Gawad Balanghai for he "has contributed to the development and promotion of Philippine independent cinema, we also take cognizance of the fact that there are many individuals and organizations that have likewise been instrumental to the rise of the independent film movement in our country."

Full-Length Features
Directors Showcase
 Best Film – Kasal by Joselito Altarejos
 Special Jury Prize – Hari ng Tondo by Carlos Siguion-Reyna
 Audience Choice Award – Hustisya by Joel Lamangan
 Best Direction – Mike Tuviera for The Janitor
 Best Actor – Robert Arevalo for Hari ng Tondo
 Best Actress – Nora Aunor for Hustisya
 Best Supporting Actor – Nicco Manalo for The Janitor
 Best Supporting Actress – Cris Villonco for Hari ng Tondo
 Best Screenplay – Aloy Adlawan and Mike Tuviera for The Janitor
 Best Cinematography – Mycko David for Kasal
 Best Editing – Tara Illenberger for The Janitor
 Best Sound – The Janitor
 Best Original Music Score – Richard Gonzales for Kasal
 Best Production Design – Harley Alcasid for Kasal

New Breed
 Best Film – Bwaya by Francis Xavier Pasion
 Special Jury Prize – K'na, the Dreamweaver by Ida Anita del Mundo
 Audience Choice Award – Sundalong Kanin by Janice O'Hara
 Best Direction – Giancarlo Abrahan for Dagitab
 Best Actor – Dante Rivero for 1st Ko Si 3rd
 Best Actress – Eula Valdes for Dagitab
 Best Supporting Actor – Miggs Cuaderno for Children's Show
 Best Supporting Actress – Barbie Forteza for Mariquina
 Special Jury Citation for Best Acting Ensemble - The cast of #Y (Sophie Albert, Coleen Garcia, Elmo Magalona, Chynna Ortaleza, and Kit Thompson)
 Best Screenplay – Giancarlo Abrahan for Dagitab
 Best Cinematography – Neil Daza for Bwaya
 Best Editing – Gerone Centeno for Children's Show
 Best Sound – Jonathan Hee and Bryan Dumaguina for Children's Show
 Best Original Music Score – Erwin Fajardo for Bwaya
 Best Production Design – Toym Imao for Kna, the Dreamweaver

Special Awards
Gawad Balanghai – Kidlat Tahimik
Canon Best Cinematography of the Festival - Mycko David for "Children's Show"
 NETPAC Award
 Directors Showcase – Hustisya by Joel Lamangan
 New Breed – Bwaya by Francis Xavier Pasion

Short films
 Best Short Film – Asan si Lolo Me by Sari Estrada
 Special Jury Prize – The Ordinary Things We Do by David Corpuz
 Audience Choice Award – Lola by Kevin Ang
 Best Direction – Kevin Ang for Lola
 Best Screenplay – Kevin Ang for Lola

References

External links
Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival

Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival
Cine
Cine
2014 in Philippine cinema


title: Fred (2014 film)

text:
Fred is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2012 presidential campaign of the first openly gay candidate in a major political party in American history, Fred Karger. Fred premiered at the Monadnock International Film Festival on April 4, 2014.

Background
Director John Fitzgerald Keitel followed the Fred Karger Presidential campaign for more than two years, as it crisscrossed the country. Keitel captured hundreds of hours of campaigning and tied this together by interviewing young gay activists about how Karger's campaign changed their lives.

Keitel had previously documented Karger's efforts to save the Boom Boom Room, a historic gay bar in Laguna Beach, California.

Synopsis
In 2009, Karger launched his presidential campaign at the Southern Republican Leadership Conference. Over the next two and a half years, Fred shows his campaign at the Republican presidential primaries. Fred captures Karger qualifying for a Fox News Debate and for CPAC, but being excluded from these.

Reception
Fred received mainly positive reviews in the U.S. News & World Report, the Huffington Post and the Concord Monitor. Fred played all around New Hampshire from Dartmouth's Rockefeller Center to Concord High School.

References

External links

2014 films
2014 documentary films
2014 LGBT-related films
American independent films
Documentary films about American politicians
LGBT politics in the United States
2012 United States presidential election in popular culture
2014 independent films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
American LGBT-related documentary films


title: Pine Grove, Bienville Parish, Louisiana

text:
Pine Grove is an unincorporated community in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States. Pine Grove is located  southwest of Lucky.

References

Unincorporated communities in Bienville Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana


title: Dietrich of Ringelheim

text:
Dietrich, also known as Dietrich of Ringelheim, was a Saxon count of the Middle Ages.

Biography
Dietrich (Theodoric), sometimes called Dietrich of Ringelheim in later literature, was a medieval Saxon count in the German region of Westphalia. According to contemporary chronicles, his Immedinger family stemmed from the House of the Saxon duke Widukind. Dietrich was probably born in the second half of the 9th century, a few decades after the Saxons were brought under the control of Charlemagne's Frankish empire. His date of death remains uncertain, but might have been after the 910s according to the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences and Letters. According to genealogieonline, Dietrich died between 916 and 920.

Dietrich apparently married twice, first to Gisela of Lotharingia with whom he had a son, Beuve II, the Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne, and three daughters: Amalrada, Bia, and Frederuna, who married Charles the Simple King of West Francia and King of Lotharingia.
Secondly he married Reinhild, who was of "royal Danish and Frisian blood". With her he had Matilda, who married Henry the Fowler, King of East Francia.

References

House of Immedinger

9th-century births
Year of birth uncertain
9th-century Saxon people
10th-century Saxon people
10th-century deaths
Year of death uncertain


title: Pine Grove, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana

text:
Pine Grove is an unincorporated community in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States. Pine Grove is located on Louisiana Highway 15,  southeast of downtown Monroe.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Monroe, Louisiana metropolitan area


title: Water level

text:
Water level, also known as gauge height or stage, is the elevation of the free surface of a sea, stream, lake or reservoir relative to a specified vertical datum.

See also
 Water level (device), device utilizing the surface of liquid water to establish a local horizontal plane of reference
 Flood stage
 Hydraulic head
 Stream gauge
 Water level gauges
 Tide gauge
 Level sensor
 Liquid level
 Reference water level
 Stage (hydrology)
 Sea level

References

Hydrology
Vertical position


title: Evelyn Ebsworth

text:
Evelyn Algernon Valentine Ebsworth,  (14 February 1933 – 16 July 2015) was a British chemist and academic. He was the Crum Brown Professor of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh from 1967 to 1990, and Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University from 1990 to 1998.

Early life
Ebsworth was born on 14 February 1933, Valentine's Day, in Richmond, Yorkshire, England. His father, Brigadier Wilfred Ebsworth, served in the military during World War II and was posted to southern Africa. Ebsworth joined him on his posting and, from 1940 to 1945, lived in Southern Rhodesia and Kenya. He was educated at schools in many different countries before completing his education as a boarder at Marlborough College, then an all-boys Private school in Wiltshire, England.

In 1951, he matriculated into King's College, Cambridge, where he studied chemistry. He graduated with a first class honours Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1954. This was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1958. He remained at the University of Cambridge to undertake post-graduate studies. He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1957. His thesis was titled The preparation and properties of some silylamines and was supervised by Harry Julius Emeléus.

During his university studies he was a member of the Cambridge University Liberal Club. He held a number of senior positions, including that of President during the 1954 Lent Term.

Academic career
Ebsworth was a junior research fellow at King's College, Cambridge, from 1957 to 1959. He spent the last year of the fellowship at Princeton University. In 1959, he moved to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he had been elected a fellow. He was a tutor at Christ's from 1964 to 1967. At university level, he was a demonstrator from 1959 to 1964 and then a lecturer from 1964 to 1967.

In 1967, he moved to the University of Edinburgh to take up the appointment of Crum Brown Professor of Chemistry. At the time of his appointment he was only 33 years old, unusually young for a professor. He served as dean of the Faculty of Science from 1984 to 1988.

In 1990, he moved to Durham University, where he had been appointed vice-chancellor and warden. During his time as vice-chancellor, he oversaw the expansion of the university, including the completion of an additional campus based in Stockton-on-Tees.

He retired from academia in 1998, and was appointed professor emeritus by Durham University.

Later life
In 1998, Ebsworth created the Council for the Registration of Forensic Practitioners which accredited expert witnesses. He served as chairman of the council until 2005. From 2002 to 2012, he served as Chairman of Governors of two private schools in Cambridge; St Faith's School and The Leys School.

In retirement, he lived in Cambridge, England. He died on 16 July 2015.

Personal life
Ebsworth was twice married. In 1955, he married his first wife, Mary Salter. Together, they had three daughters and one son. Mary died in 1987. In 1990, he married Rose Zuckerman, an American. With this marriage came five stepchildren.

Honours
In 1969, Ebsworth was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC). He was awarded the 1978 Main Group Chemistry Award by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

In 2002, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) degree by Durham University. This was conferred upon him during a ceremony held at the Stockton campus of the university; a place that he himself had helped create. In 2013, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (ScD) degree by the University of Edinburgh 'in recognition of his major contribution to the growth in the study of Chemistry in Edinburgh'.

In the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) 'for services to higher education'.

References

1933 births
2015 deaths
20th-century British chemists
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Vice-Chancellors and Wardens of Durham University
People from Richmond, North Yorkshire
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire


title: Dzikamai Gwaze

text:
Dzikamai Gwaze (born 22 April 1989) is a Zimbabwean footballer who plays as a right winger for Polish club LZS Piotrówka.

Career

International
Gwaze made his debut for the Zimbabwe national football team in a friendly 2–0 win over Uganda.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Zimbabwean men's footballers
Zimbabwe men's international footballers
LZS Piotrówka players
Pogoń Szczecin players
Górnik Zabrze players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
IV liga players
Zimbabwean expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Zimbabwean expatriate sportspeople in Poland