title: List of botanists by author abbreviation (Q–R)

text:
A–P

To find entries for A–P, use the table of contents above.

Q

 Q.D.Clarkson – Quentin Deane Clarkson (born 1925)
 Q.E.Yang – Qin Er Yang (born 1964)
 Q.F.Wang –  Guang Wan Hu (fl. 2007)
 Quehl – Leopold Quehl (1849–1922)
 Quél. – Lucien Quélet (1832–1899)
 Quézel – Pierre Ambrunaz Quézel (1926–2015)
 Quinn – Christopher John Quinn (born 1936)
 Quiñones – Luz Mila Quiñones (fl. 1995)
 Quinq. –  Charles-Eugène Quinquaud (1841-1894)
 Quisumb. – Eduardo Quisumbíng y Argüelles (1895–1986)
 Quoy – Jean René Constant Quoy (1790–1869)
 Q.Wang – Qi Wang (fl. 1989)
 Q.W.Meng – Qian Wan Meng (fl. 2008)
 Q.W.Zeng – Qing Wen Zeng (1963–2012)
 Q.X.Guan – Qiu Xiang Guan (fl. 2014)
 Q.Xu – Qing Xu (botanist) (fl. 2014)

R

 Raab-Straube – Eckhard von Raab-Straube (fl. 2003)
 Rabeh. – David Rabehevitra (fl. 2006)
 R.A.Black – Raleigh Adelbert Black (1880–1963)
 Rach – Louis Theodor Rach (1821–1859)
 R.A.Clement – Rose A. Clement (c. 1953–1996)
 Radcl.-Sm. – Alan Radcliffe-Smith (1938–2007)
 Raddi – Giuseppe Raddi (1770–1829)
 Raderm. – Jacob Cornelis Matthieu Radermacher (1741–1783)
 Radford – Albert Ernest Radford (1918–2006)
 Radius – Justus Wilhelm Martin Radius (1797–1884)
 Radlk. – Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer (1829–1927)
 R.A.Dyer – Robert Allen Dyer (1900–1987)
 Raeusch. – Ernst Adolf Raeuschel (fl. 1772–1797)
 Raf. – Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840)
 Raffles – Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (1781–1826)
 Rafn – Carl Gottlob Rafn (1769–1808)
 R.A.Foster – Robert A. Foster (1938–2002)
 R.A.Harper – Robert Almer Harper (1862–1946)
 Rahn – Knud Rahn (1928–2013)
 R.A.Howard – Richard Alden Howard (1917–2003)
 Rajakumar – T.J.S. Rajakumar (fl. 2009)
 Raim. – Rudolph Raimann (1863–1896)
 R.A.Kerrigan – Raelee A. Kerrigan (fl. 2012)
 Ralfs – John Ralfs (1807–1890)
 Ralph Hoffm. – Ralph Hoffmann (1870–1932)
 Ramamoorthy – Thennilapuram Parasuraman Ramamoorthy (born 1945)
 R.A.Meissn. – Rachel A. Meissner (fl. 2007)
 Ram.Goyena –  (1857–1927)
 Ramond – Louis Ramond de Carbonnières (1755–1827)
 Rand – Isaac Rand (1674–1743)
 Randall – Roderick Peter Randall (born 1960)
 Randell – Barbara Rae Randell (born 1942)
 Randle – Christopher P. Randle (fl. 2006)
 Randolph – Lowell Fitz Randolph (1894–1980)
 Randrian. – Armand Randrianasolo (fl. 1994)
 Rands – Robert Delafield Rands (1890–1970)
 Raoul – Etienne Fiacre Louis Raoul (1815–1852)
 Rapaics – Raymund Rapaics von Rumwerth (or Ruhmwerth) (1885–1953) (forename also as Rajmond, Rajmund, or Raumund)
 Rapin – Daniel Rapin (1799–1882)
 Rasm. – Rasmus Rasmussen (1871–1962)
 Raspail – François Vincent Raspail (1794–1878)
 Rassulova – Mukharram Rassulovna Rassulova (1926–2006)
 Rataj – Karel Rataj (1925–2014)
 Rathbone – Damien A. Rathbone (born 1980)
 Rathvon – Simon Snyder Rathvon (1812–1891)
 Rattan – Volney Rattan (1840–1915)
 Ratzeb. – Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (1801–1871)
 Rau – Ananda R. Rao (born 1924)
 Rauh – Werner Rauh (1913–2000)
 Raunk. – Christen C. Raunkiær (1860–1938)
 Raup – Hugh Miller Raup (1901–1995)
 Rausch –  (1928–2022)
 Rauschert – Stephan Rauschert (1931–1986)
 Rauwolff – Leonhard (Leonhart) Rauwolf(f) (1535–1596)
 Raven – John Earle Raven (1914–1980)
 Ravenna – Pierfelice Ravenna (1938–2022)
 Rawé – Rolf Rawé (born 1938)
 R.A.W.Herrm. – Rudolf Albert Wolfgang Herrmann (born 1885)
 R.A.White – Richard Alan White (born 1935)
 Rawitscher –  (1890–1957)
 Rawson – Rawson W. Rawson (1812–1899)
 Ray – John Ray (1627–1705)
 Raym.-Hamet – Raymond-Hamet, also Raymond Hamet (1890–1972)
 Raymond – Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond (1915–1972)
 Raynaud – Christian Raynaud (1939–1993)
 Rayner – John Frederick Rayner (1854–1947)
 Rayss – Tscharna Rayss (1890–1965)
 Razaf. – Alfred Razafindratsira (fl. 1987)
 Razafim. – Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison (fl. 1999)
 Razi – Basheer Ahmed Razi (1916–1999)
 R.Baron – Richard Baron (1847–1907)
 R.B.Clark – Robert Brown Clark (1914–2005)
 R.Bernal – Rodrigo Bernal (born 1959)
 R.Bustam. – Rene Alfred Anton Bustamante (born 1979)
 R.B.Pike – Radcliffe Barnes Pike (1903–1979)
 R.Br. – Robert Brown (1773–1858)
 R.Braga – Ruby Braga (fl. 1964)
 R.Br.bis – Robert Brown (1820–1906)
 R.Br.ter – Robert Brown (1842–1895)
 R.B.Singer – Rodrigo Bustos Singer (born 1970)
 R.Butcher – Ryonen Butcher (born 1972)
 R.B.Wallis – Robert B. Wallis (fl. 2002)
 R.Carbajal – Rodrigo Carbajal (fl. 2017)
 R.C.Clark – Ross C. Clark (born 1940)
 R.C.Foster – Robert Crichton Foster (1904–1986)
 R.C.Gaur – R.C. Gaur (born 1933)
 R.Chan – Raymund Chan (born 1965)
 Rchb. – Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (1793–1879)
 Rchb.f. – Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1824–1889)
 R.C.Jacks. – Raymond Carl Jackson (1928–2008)
 R.Clark – Ruth Clark (born 1975)
 R.C.Moran – Robbin C. Moran (born 1956)
 R.C.Nash – R.C.Nash (fl. 1976)
 R.C.Palmer – Richard Charles Palmer (1935–2005)
 R.C.Schneid. – Richard Conrad Schneider (born 1890)
 R.C.Sinclair – Robert C. Sinclair (fl. 1979)
 R.Cunn. – Richard Cunningham (1793–1835)
 R.Dahlgren – Rolf Martin Theodor Dahlgren (1932–1987)
 R.D.Edwards – Robert David Edwards (born 1981)
 R.D.Good – Ronald D'Oyley Good (1896–1992)
 R.Doll – Reinhard Doll (born 1941)
 R.D.Spencer – Roger David Spencer (born 1945)
 R.D.Thomas – Roy Dale Thomas (1936–2022)
 Reader – Felix Reader (1850–1911)
 Reboul – Eugène de Reboul (1781–1851)
 R.E.Brooks – Ralph Edward Brooks (born 1950)
 R.E.Buchanan — Robert Earle Buchanan (1883–1973)
 Rebut – Pierre Rebut (1827–1902)
 Rech. – Karl Rechinger (1867–1952)
 Rech.f. – Karl Heinz Rechinger (1906–1998)
 R.E.Clausen – Roy Elwood Clausen (1891–1956)
 R.E.Cleland – Ralph Erskine Cleland (1892–1971)
 R.E.Cook – Rachel E. Cook (fl. 2004)
 Record – Samuel James Record (1881–1945)
 R.E.Daniels – Roger Edward Daniels (born 1943)
 R.E.D.Baker – Richard Eric Defoe Baker (1908–1954)
 Redf. – Paul Leslie Redfearn (1926–2018)
 Redfield – John Howard Redfield (1815–1895)
 Redouté – Pierre-Joseph Redouté (1759–1840)
 Reeder – John Raymond Reeder (1914–2009)
 Rees – Abraham Rees (1743–1825)
 R.E.Fr. – Robert Elias Fries (1876–1966)
 Regel – Eduard August von Regel (1815–1892)
 Rehder – Alfred Rehder (1863–1949)
 Rehmann – Anton Rehmann (1840–1917)
 Reichard – Johann Jacob Reichard (1743–1782)
 Reichardt –  (1835–1885)
 Reiche – Karl Friedrich Reiche (1860–1929)
 Reichert – Israel G. Reichert (1889–1975)
 Reichst. – Tadeus Reichstein (1897–1996)
 Reinh. – Otto Wilhelm Hermann Reinhardt (1838–1924)
 Reinke – Johannes Reinke (1849–1931)
 Reinsch – Paul Friedrich Reinsch (1836–1914)
 Reinw. – Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773–1854)
 Reiss – Frederick Reiss (fl. 1968)
 Reissek – Siegfried Reisseck (1819–1871)
 R.E.Kunze – Richard Ernest Kunze (1838–1919)
 R.E.Lee – Robert Edwin Lee (born 1911)
 R.Emers. – Ralph Emerson (1912–1979)
 Renault – Bernard Renault (1836–1904)
 Rendle – Alfred Barton Rendle (1865–1938)
 Renvoize – Stephen Andrew Renvoize (born 1944)
 Renz – Jany Renz (1907–1999)
 Req. – Esprit Requien (1788–1851)
 R.E.Schult. – Richard Evans Schultes (1915–2001)
 R.Escobar – Rodrigo Escobar (1935–2009)
 Resv.-Holms. – Hanna Resvoll-Holmsen (1873–1943)
 Resvoll – Thekla Resvoll (1871–1948)
 Retz. – Anders Johan Retzius (1742–1821)
 Reut. – George François Reuter (1805–1872)
 R.E.Vaughan – Reginald Edward Vaughan (1875–1987)
 Reveal – James Lauritz Reveal (1941–2015)
 Reyneke –  (born 1945)
 Reynel – Carlos Reynel (fl. 1995)
 Reynolds – Gilbert Reynolds (1895–1967)
 Reznicek – Anton Albert Reznicek (born 1950)
 R.Fern. – Rosette Batarda Fernandes (1916–2005)
 R.F.Martin – Robert Franklin Martin (born 1910)
 R.G.Garcia – Ricardo G. García (fl. 1992)
 R.H.Anderson – Robert Henry Anderson (1899–1969)
 R.H.Archer – Robert H. Archer (born 1965)
 R.Harkn. – Robert Harkness (1816–1878)
 R.Hartig – Heinrich Julius Adolph Robert Hartig (1839–1901)
 R.Hedw. – Romanus Adolf Hedwig (1772–1806)
 Rheede – Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein (1636–1691)
 R.H.Miao – Ru Huai Miao (born 1943)
 Rhode – Johann Gottlieb Rhode (1762–1827)
 R.Hoffm. – Reinhold Hoffmann (born 1885)
 R.Hogg – Robert Hogg (1818–1897)
 R.H.Petersen – Ronald H. Petersen (born 1934)
 R.H.Roberts – Richard Henry Roberts (1910–2003)
 R.H.Schomb. – Robert Hermann Schomburgk (1804–1865)
 R.H.Wallace – R. H. Wallace (fl. 1955)
 Riccob. – Vincenzo Riccobono (1861–1943)
 Rich. – Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821)
 Richardson – John Richardson (1787–1865)
 Richens – Richard Hook Richens (1919–1984)
 Richerson – Peter James Richerson (born 1943)
 Ricken – Adalbert Ricken (1851–1921)
 Ricker – Percy Leroy Ricker (1878–1973)
 Ricketson – Jon M. Ricketson (fl. 1997)
 Riddell – John Leonard Riddell (1807–1865)
 Riddle – Lincoln Ware Riddle (1880–1921)
 Ridl. – Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956)
 Ridsdale – Colin Ernest Ridsdale (1944–2017)
 Riedel – Ludwig Riedel (1790–1861)
 Rieder – Conly Leroy Rieder (born 1950)
 Riedl – Harald Udo von Riedl (born 1936)
 Rigg – George Burton Rigg (1872–1961)
 Rigoni – Victor A. Rigoni (fl. 1958)
 Říha – Jan Říha (1947–2022)
 Rink – Hinrich (Henrik) Johannes Rink (1819–1893)
 Riocreux – Alfred Riocreux (1820–1912)
 Risso – Antoine Risso (1777–1845)
 Ritgen – Ferdinand August Maria Franz von Ritgen  (1787–1867)
 Ritter – Karl Ritter (1800–)
 Riv. – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (also as August Bachmann) (1652–1723)
 Rivadavia – Fernando Rivadavia (fl. 2003)
 Rivière – Marie Auguste Rivière (1821–1877)
 Rix – Edward Martyn Rix (born 1943)
 Rizzini – Carlos Toledo Rizzini (born 1921)
 R.J.Bates – Robert John Bates (born 1946)
 R.J.Bayer – Randall James Bayer (born 1955)
 R.J.Carp. – Raymond J. Carpenter (fl. 2008)
 R.J.D.Graham – Robert James Douglas Graham (1884–1950)
 R.J.Eaton – Richard Jefferson Eaton (1890–1976)
 R.J.F.Hend. – Rodney John Francis Henderson (born 1938)
 R.J.McKenzie – Robert J. McKenzie (fl. 2006)
 R.J.Moore – Raymond John Moore (1918–1988)
 R.J.Roberts – Ronald John Roberts (born 1941)
 R.J.Scheff. – R. J. Scheffer (fl. 1984)
 R.Keller – Robert Keller (1854–1939)
 R.K.Godfrey –  (1911–2000)
 R.Kiesling – Roberto Kiesling (born 1941)
 R.King – Robert King (fl. 1879)
 R.K.Jansen – Robert K. Jansen (born 1954)
 R.Klebs –  (1850–1911)
 R.Knuth – Reinhard Gustav Paul Knuth (1874–1957)
 R.K.S.Lee – Robert Kui Sung Lee (born 1931)
 R.L.Barrett – Russell Lindsay Barrett (born 1977)
 R.Lesson – René Primevère Lesson (1794–1849)
 R.L.Giles – Robyn L. Giles (fl. 2008)
 R.Mason – Ruth Mason (1913–1990)
 R.M.Barker – Robyn Mary Barker (born 1948)
 R.M.Beauch. – Ruble Mitchel Beauchamp (born 1946)
 R.M.Fonseca – Rosa María Fonseca (fl. 2005)
 R.M.Fritsch – Reinhard Michael Fritsch (born 1944)
 R.M.Harper – Roland McMillan Harper (1878–1966)
 R.M.Johnst. – Robert Mackenzie Johnston (1844–1918)
 R.M.King – Robert Merrill King (1930–2007)
 R.M.K.Saunders – Richard M.K. Saunders (born 1964)
 R.Morales – Ramón Morales Valverde (born 1950)
 R.Morgan – Robert Morgan (1863–1900)
 R.Morris – Richard Morris (fl. 1820-1830)
 R.M.Patrick – Ruth Patrick (1907–2013)
 R.M.Schust. –  (1921–2012)
 R.M.Sm. – Rosemary Margaret Smith (1933–2004)
 R.M.Tryon – Rolla Milton Tryon, Jr. (1916–2001)
 R.N.R.Br. – Robert Neal Rudmose-Brown (1879–1957)
 Rob. – William Robinson (1838–1935)
 Robatsch – Karl Robatsch (1929–2001)
 Robbertse –  (born 1932)
 Robbr. – Elmar Robbrecht (born 1946)
 Roberg – Lars Roberg (1664–1742)
 Robert – Gaspard Nicolas Robert (1776–1857)
 Robertson – David Robertson (1806–1896)
 Roberty –  (1907–1971)
 Robyns – Frans Hubert Edouard Arthur Walter Robyns (1901–1986)
 Rochebr. – Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune (1834–1912)
 Rochel – Anton Rochel (1770–1847)
 Rock – Joseph Rock (1884–1962)
 Rockley – Alicia Margaret Amherst Cecil Rockley (1865–1941)
 R.O.Cunn. – Robert Oliver Cunningham (1841–1918)
 Rodd – Anthony N. Rodd (born 1940)
 Rodin – Hippolyte Rodin (1829–1886)
 Rodion. –  (1913–2014)
 Rodr. – José Demetrio Rodríguez (1780–1846)
 Rodrigo – América del Pilar Rodrigo (fl. 1938–1941)
 Rodway – Leonard Rodway (1853–1936)
 Roem. – Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819)
 Roezl – Benedikt Roezl (1824–1885)
 Roffavier – Georges Roffavier (1775–1866)
 Rogerson – Clark Thomas Rogerson (1918–2001)
 Rogow. – Athanasi Semenovich Rogowicz (1812–1878)
 Rohde – Michael Rohde (1782–1812)
 Röhl. – Johann Christoph Röhling (1757–1813)
 Rohr – Julius Philip Benjamin von Rohr (1737–1793)
 Rohrb. – Paul Rohrbach (1846–1871)
 Rohwer – Jens Gunter Rohwer (born 1958)
 Roiv. –  (1900–1983)
 Rojas – Teodoro Rojas (1877–1954)
 Rojas Acosta – Nicolás Rojas Acosta (1873–1946)
 Rolfe – Robert Allen Rolfe (1855–1921)
 Rolland – Léon Louis Rolland (1841–1912)
 Rollins – Reed Clark Rollins (1911–1998)
 Romagn. – Henri Romagnesi (1912–1999)
 Romans – Bernard Romans (c. 1720–1784)
 Rondelet – Guillaume Rondelet (1507–1566)
 Ronse Decr. – Louise-Philippe Ronse Decraene (born 1962)
 Rooke – Hayman Rooke (1723–1806)
 Rönn – Hans Ludwig Karl Rönn (1886–)
 Roque –  (fl. 1997)
 Rosatti – Thomas James Rosatti (born 1951)
 Roscoe – William Roscoe (1753–1831)
 Rose – Joseph Nelson Rose (1862–1928)
 Rosell. – Ferdinando Rosellini (1817–1873)
 Rosend. – Carl Otto Rosendahl (1875–1956)
 Roseng. – Bernardo Rosengurtt (1916–1985)
 Rosenstein (also N.Rosén) – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein (1706–1773)
 Rosentr. – Roger Rosentreter (born 1951)
 Rosenv. – Janus Lauritz Andreas Kolderup Rosenvinge (1858–1939)
 Roshev. – Roman Julievich Roshevitz (1882–1949)
 Ross – John Ross (1777–1856)
 Rossi – Pietro Rossi (1738–1804)
 Rossm. – Emil Adolf (Adolph) Rossmässler (1806–1867)
 Rostaf. – Józef Thomasz Rostafiński (1850–1928)
 Rostk. – Friedrich Wilhelm Gottlieb Theophil Rostkovius (1770–1848)
 Rostr. – Frederik Georg Emil Rostrup (1831–1907)
 Rota –  (1819–1855)
 Roth – Albrecht Wilhelm Roth (1757–1834)
 Rothm. – Werner Hugo Paul Rothmaler (1908–1962)
 Rothman – Göran Rothman (1739–1778)
 Rothr. – Joseph Trimble Rothrock (1839–1922)
 Rothsch. –  (1838–1900)
 Rot Schreck. – Friedrich Rot von Schreckenstein (1753–1808)
 Rottb. – Christen Friis Rottbøll (1727–1797)
 Rottler – Johan Peter Rottler (1749–1836)
 Roubaud – Émile Roubaud (1882–1962)
 Roupell – Arabella Elizabeth Roupell (1817–1914)
 Rourke – John Patrick Rourke (born 1942)
 Roush – Eva Myrtelle Roush (1886–1954)
 Rousseau – Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
 Roussel – Henri François Anne de Roussel (1747–1812)
 Roux – Jacques Roux (1773–1822)
 Rouy – Georges Rouy (1851–1924)
 Rowland – Verner Hawsbrook Rowland (born 1883)
 Rowntree – Lester Gertrude Ellen Rowntree (1879–1979)
 Roxb. – William Roxburgh (1751–1815)
 Royen – Adriaan van Royen (1704–1779)
 Royle – John Forbes Royle (1798–1858)
 Roy L.Taylor – Roy Lewis Taylor (1932–2013)
 Rozanova – Maria Aleksandrovna Rozanova (Maria Alexandrovna Rozanova) (1885–1957)
 Rozefelds – Andrew Carl Frank Rozefelds (born 1960)
 Rozier – François Rozier (Jean-François) (1734–1793)
 R.Parker – Richard Neville Parker (1884–1958)
 R.Patt. – Robert Patterson (born 1947)
 R.P.Ellis – Roger Pearson Ellis (born 1944)
 R.P.Murray – Richard Paget Murray (1842–1908)
 R.Pott – Reino Pott (1869–1965)
 R.P.White – Richard Peregrine White (born 1896)
 R.Rabev. –  (born 1946)
 R.R.Bloxam – Richard Rowland Bloxam (1798–1877)
 R.R.Haynes – Robert Ralph Haynes (born 1945)
 R.Rice – Rod Rice (born 1963)
 R.Ross – Robert Ross (1912–2005)
 R.R.Rao – R.Raghavendra Rao (born 1945)
 R.R.Scott – Robert Robinson Scott (1827–1877)
 R.R.Stewart – Ralph Randles Stewart (1890–1993)
 R.S.Almeida – Rafael S. Almeida (fl. 1998)
 R.Schultz – Richard Schultz (1858–1936)
 R.S.Cowan – Richard Sumner Cowan (1921–1997)
 R.S.Hill – Robert Southey Hill (born 1954)
 R.S.Irving – Robert Stewart Irving (born 1942)
 R.S.Rogers – Richard Sanders Rogers (1861–1942)
 R.S.Wallace – Robert S. Wallace (fl. 1997)
 R.S.Williams – Robert Statham Williams (1859–1945)
 R.T.Baker – Richard Thomas Baker (1854–1941)
 R.T.Clausen – Robert Theodore Clausen (1911–1981)
 R.T.Mill. – R. T. Miller (fl. 2012)
 R.T.Veitch – Robert Veitch (1823–1885)
 Rudall – Paula J. Rudall (born 1954)
 Rudd – Velva Elaine Rudd (1910–1999)
 Rudge – Edward Rudge (1763–1846)
 Rudolph – Johann Heinrich Rudolph (1744–1809)
 Rudolphi – Karl Rudolphi (1771–1832)
 R.Uechtr. – Rudolf Friedrich von Uechtritz (1838–1886)
 Ruhland – Wilhelm Otto Eugen Ruhland (1878–1960)
 Ruiz – Hipólito Ruiz López (1754–1815)
 Rule – Kevin James Rule (born 1941)
 Rumph. – Georg Eberhard Rumphius (1628–1702)
 Rümpler – Karl Theodor Rümpler (1817–1891)
 Rundel – Philip Wilson Rundel (born 1943)
 Runemark – Hans Runemark (1927–2014)
 Rupp – Herman Rupp (1872–1956)
 Ruppius – Heinrich Bernard Ruppius (1688–1719)
 Rupr. – Franz Josef Ruprecht (1814–1870)
 Rusby – Henry Hurd Rusby (1855–1940)
 Russow – Edmund August Friedrich Russow (1841–1897)
 Rustan – Øyvind H. Rustan (born 1954)
 Rutenb. – Diedrich Christian Rutenberg (1851–1878)
 Rutherf. – Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819)
 Rutk. – Piotr Rutkowski (born 1969)
 Ruysch – Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731)
 R.Vásquez – Roberto Vásquez (born 1941)
 R.Vig. – René Viguier (1880–1931)
 R.V.Sm. – Raymond Vaughan Smith (born 1923)
 R.Wagner – Rudolf Wagner (born 1872)
 R.Wallis – Rannveig Wallis (fl. 2002)
 R.Warner – Robert Warner (c. 1815–1896)
 R.W.Br. – Roland Wilbur Brown (1893–1961)
 R.W.Darwin – Robert Waring Darwin of Elston (1724–1816)
 R.W.Davis – Robert Wayne Davis (born 1959)
 R.W.Jobson – Richard W. Jobson (fl. 2007)
 R.W.Long – Robert William Long (1927–1976)
 R.W.Pohl – Richard Walter Pohl (1916–1993)
 R.W.Wallace – Robert Whistler Wallace (1867–1955)
 Rycroft – Hedley Brian Rycroft (1918–1990)
 Rydb. – Per Axel Rydberg (1860–1931)
 Rye – Barbara Lynette Rye (born 1952)
 R.Yonzone – Rajendra Yonzone (fl. 2012)
 Ryppowa – Halina w Kowalskich Ryppowa (1899–1927)
 Rzed. – Jerzy Rzedowski (1926–2023)

S–Z

To find entries for S–Z, use the table of contents above.

1


title: Frodospira

text:
Frodospira is an extinct genus of Lophospiridae, a family of extinct sea snails, fossil marine gastropod mollusks.   The genus is found in deposits of the Silurian age in Sweden. It was named in honor of the fictional character Frodo Baggins from J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.

Species
The genus Frodospira contains the following four species:
 Frodospira cochleata (Lindström, 1884)
 Frodospira imbricata (Lindström, 1884)
 Frodospira munda (Lindström, 1884)
 Frodospira tortuosa (Lindström, 1884)

References

Fossil taxa described in 1999
Extinct gastropods
Organisms named after Tolkien and his works


title: Norddeich station (disambiguation)

text:
Norddeich station may refer to:

 Norddeich station, Norden, Lower Saxony
 Norddeich radio station, Norden, Lower Saxony
 Norddeich Mole station, Norden, Lower Saxony


title: Manavadar Assembly constituency

text:
Manavadar is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Junagadh district.

List of segments

 Manavadar Taluka
 Vanthali Taluka
 Mendarda Taluka – Entire taluka except village – Lakadveri Nes

Member of legislative assembly
 2007 – Jawaharbhai Chavda, Indian National Congress
 2012 – Jawaharbhai Chavda, Indian National Congress
 2017 – Jawaharbhai Chavda, Indian National Congress
 2019 by-election – Jawaharbhai Chavda, Bharatiya Janata Party
 2022 – Arvindbhai Jinabhai Ladani, Indian National Congress

Election results

2022

2019 By-poll

2017

2012

See also
 List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly

References

External links

Assembly constituencies of Gujarat
Junagadh district


title: Reorient

text:
Reorient was a Canadian online magazine focusing on contemporary Middle Eastern arts and culture. The magazine was founded in 2012 by Joobin Bekhrad who also edited the magazine. The areas covered primarily included visual art, music, books and literature, and film. The magazine folded in January 2018.

Profile
Reorient has been mentioned and cited in a number of publications and websites from around the world, including Newsweek, Campaign Magazine, Art Dubai, Canvas, Harper’s Bazaar Art Arabia, Oasis, Art & Antiques, the Cairo Review of Global Affairs, and Ryerson Folio.

References

External links

2012 establishments in Ontario
2018 disestablishments in Ontario
Defunct magazines published in Canada
Magazines established in 2012
Magazines disestablished in 2018
Magazines published in Toronto
Online magazines published in Canada
Visual arts magazines published in Canada
Multicultural and ethnic magazines in Canada


title: Visavadar Assembly constituency

text:
Visavadar is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Junagadh district and a segment of Junagadh Lok Sabha constituency.

List of segments
This assembly seat represents the following segments,

 Visavadar Taluka
 Bhesan Taluka
 Junagadh Taluka (Part) Villages – Kerala, Bhiyal, Choki, Kathrota, Isapur, Baliyavad, Chokli, Vadal, Sukhpur, Bamangam, Dervan, Hasnapur, Jambudi, Indreshvar, Surajkund, Girnar Hills, Dungar Thana, Bordevi, Limbdi Dhar, Mandlikpur, Nava Pipaliya, Bandhala, Bhalgam, Mandanpara, Ramnath, Dungarpur, Vijapur, Sodvadar, Intala, Patapur, Salatha, Khadiya, Toraniya, Navagam, Bilkha, Umrala, Avatadiya Mota, Chorvadi, Anandpur, Mevasa Khadiya, Bagdu, Prabhatpur, Rameshvar, Avatadiya Nana, Mevasa Kamribaina, Bela, Badalpur, Jamka, Semrala, Sankhdavadar, Thumbala.
 Bagasara Taluka (Part) of Amreli District Village – Kadaya

Members of Vidhan Sabha
1972 - Ramjibhai D Karkar (Congress)
1975 -
1980 -
1995 - Keshubhai Patel, Bharatiya Janata Party
1998 - Keshubhai Patel, Bharatiya Janata Party
2002 - Kanu Bhalala, Bharatiya Janata Party
2007 - Kanu Bhalala, Bharatiya Janata Party
2012 - Keshubhai Patel, Gujarat Parivartan Party  (Resigned due to ill-health)
2014 ^ - Harshad Ribadiya, Indian National Congress (By-poll)

Election results

2022

2017

2014 by-poll

2012

2007

2002

1995

See also
 List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly

References

External links

Assembly constituencies of Gujarat
Junagadh district
Year of establishment missing


title: King at Rest

text:
King at Rest is a public artwork by American artist Lorenzo Ghiglieri (1931–2020). It is located near the northwest entrance to the Indiana Convention Center, which is in downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, and is owned by the Indiana Convention Center & Lucas Oil Stadium. The realistic bronze sculpture of a lounging lion was purchased in 2001 by the Center.

Description
King at Rest by Lorenzo E. Ghiglieri, is a life-like cast bronze sculpture of a lion perched on a rock.  The sculpture is placed near three sculptures by Tom Otterness and across the street from Victory Field. The sculpture has a two-tone patina scheme: the hair of the lion is patinated black, while the body and the rock are patinated brown. The sculpture appears to rest on a concrete base that is approximately the same dimensions as the sculpture (as small amount of the concrete is visible near the back, right leg of the lion; it is unclear if and how the sculpture is attached to the concrete--it may be at rest on the concrete.

Historical information
King at Rest was cast in 1988.  The sculpture was installed and acquired by the Indiana Convention Center & Lucas Oil Stadium in 2001.

See also
 The Bex Eagle
 Wooden's Legacy

References

External links
 Lorenzo Ghiglieri's personal website

Outdoor sculptures in Indianapolis
1988 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Indiana
Sculptures of lions
Statues in Indianapolis
1988 establishments in Indiana
Animal sculptures in the United States


title: Empire Glory

text:
Empire Glory (foaled April 8, 1981) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who was sold for a world record price as a yearling in 1982. He proved to be just short of top class in a brief racing career, winning the Royal Whip Stakes and finishing second in the Irish St Leger. He made little impact as a breeding stallion.

Background
Empire Glory was a bay or brown horse bred in Kentucky by Mortin Levy & Myron Rosenthal's Glencoe Farm. His dam Spearfish had won the Hollywood Oaks in 1966 and had produced the leading North American racehorse King's Bishop and the Irish 1000 Guineas winner Gaily. Through Gaily, she was also the ancestor of Pilsudski. Empire Glory was sired by the Triple Crown winner Nijinsky.

In 1982 he was consigned by Glencoe Farm to the Keeneland Sales where he was sold for a record-setting $4.25 million ($ million inflation adjusted) to the bloodstock agents BBA (Ireland) on behalf of the British businessman Robert Sangster after a prolonged bidding battle with representatives of Sheikh Mohammed. The colt was sent to Europe and was trained by Vincent O'Brien at Ballydoyle.

Racing career
Empire Glory raced only as a three-year-old in the 1984 season. After refusing to enter the starting stalls on his first racecourse appearance he finished second in his first completed race and then won a maiden race at Leopardstown by six lengths. He was then stepped up in class for the Grade Three Royal Whip Stakes over one and a half miles at the Curragh Racecourse in July. Ridden by Pat Eddery, he won by three quarters of a length from Sondrio and Yawa. In his two remaining races, Empire Glory was equipped with blinkers. He finished third to Arctic Lord in the Beresford Stakes and then produced his best effort when finishing second, a neck behind the filly Opale, in the Group One Irish St Leger.

Stud record
Empire Glory stood as a breeding stallion in the USA. He sired several minor winners but nothing of top class. He died in 2001.

Pedigree

Empire Glory was inbred 4 × 4 to Nearco, meaning that this stallion appears twice in the fourth generation of his pedigree.

References

1981 racehorse births
2001 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in Ireland
Thoroughbred family 11


title: Tunstallia

text:
Tunstallia may refer to:

 Tunstallia (fungus), a genus in the family Sydowiellaceae.
 Tunstallia (gastropod), an extinct species of Lophospiridae.


title: Keshod Assembly constituency

text:
Keshod is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Junagadh district.

List of segments
This assembly seat represents the following segments,

 Keshod Taluka
 Mangrol Taluka (Part) Villages – Miti, Hantarpur, Fulrama, Langad, Osa Ghed, Bhathrot, Bagasra-Ghed, Ghodadar, Sharma, Samarda, Sandha, Sarsali, Thali, Mekhadi, Virol, Kankana, Divrana, Kalej, Chankhva, Vadla, Ajak, Antroli, Divasa, Bamanvada, Nagichana, Darsali, Chingariya, Farangta, Zariyavada, Sangavada, Shil, Talodra, Nandarkhi, Chandvana, Karamdi, Gorej, Menanj, Kankasa, Lohej, Rahij, Roodalpur, Sultanpur, Bhatgam

Members of Legislative Assembly

Election results

2022

2017

2012

See also
 List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly

References

External links

Assembly constituencies of Gujarat
Junagadh district


title: John Ciaccia

text:
John Ciaccia (March 4, 1933 – August 7, 2018) was an Italian-born Canadian politician who was provincial cabinet minister from Montreal, Quebec. Ciaccia served as a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1973 to 1998, representing the Mount Royal riding for the Quebec Liberal Party. He occupied various posts in the cabinets of Liberal premiers Robert Bourassa, and Daniel Johnson Jr., such as minister of Energy and Natural Resources, International Affairs, Native Affairs, and Immigration and Cultural Communities. At his resignation, Ciaccia was the longest-serving member of the Assembly. Ciaccia gained international attention for his efforts in negotiating the end of the Oka Crisis alongside his federal counterpart, Tom Siddon, in 1990. Former Quebec Premier Jean Charest described Ciaccia's political career as having "revolutionized relations with the native people and cultural communities of Quebec by always favouring an approach marked by respect."

Early life
John Ciaccia was born Giambattista Nicola Ciaccia in the Italian town of Jelsi in the region of Molise on March 4, 1933. He emigrated to Canada via Ellis Island in 1937 with his mother and elder sister reuniting with their father, who had already come to Montreal in 1935. Ciaccia recalled the trials of growing up in another country, being viewed by some as an outsider. This was compounded during the years of the Second World War, as his native Italy fought Canada and the Allies. Ciaccia became fluent in both English and French at an early age, reading novels and encyclopedias in both languages as a child. Ciaccia attributes his academic success in part to the encouragement of his mother, with whom he kept a close relationship until her death in 1990.

Ciaccia attended the English-speaking, Catholic, D'Arcy McGee High School. Ciaccia received his BA from McGill University in 1953. He then pursued his studies at McGill's prestigious Faculty of Law, whose faculty, at the time, consisted of future Supreme Court and Superior Court justices. As a law student, Ciaccia became managing editor of the McGill Law Journal where he published an analysis, "Perron v. School Trustees of the School Municipality of Rouyn: Case and Comment". He received his law degree in 1956 and was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1957; he began practising for the Montreal-based firm, Malouf & Shorteno.

In 1959, Ciaccia began working for the legal department of the now-defunct Steinberg's grocery chain—-at the time, one of the largest in Quebec. Ciaccia would eventually become the chain's director of real estate. Throughout the 1960s he continued to practice law.

While still practising law, he acted as a consultant for the Canadian department of Indian Affairs. In 1971, he was offered a position in the federal civil service, as assistant deputy minister of Indian affairs and northern development, headed at the time by future prime minister Jean Chrétien. Initially reluctant, Ciaccia's decision to quit practising law and accept the position was cemented by a case he had recently handled: where a "remorseless" client of his negotiating terms of a contract that would prove ruinous for the already financially strained other party. Ciaccia was later told by a colleague the soon to be bankrupt man left his clients' office in tears. This led Ciaccia to, "leave a thriving law practice in Montreal for a low-paying position in Ottawa to deal with the unresolved problems of mistreated peoples..."

Civil service
As assistant deputy minister, Ciaccia helped negotiate development projects on native territory, addressing the sensitive issue of land rights. This often involved face-to-face meetings across the country with members of aboriginal communities, including elders and chiefs. Ciaccia implemented the native youth liaison program which employed natives to help coordinate native youth programs throughout Canada. The program proved controversial. Militant elements of the native movement interpreted it as an attempt to usurp power from the chiefs. Bureaucrats at the Ministry viewed the new program with apprehension as well. Ciaccia lashed out at both sides, denouncing both "power-hungry" Native politicians as well as "idiots in the Indian Affairs department who hate Indians." His remarks caused a brief uproar, with one Conservative MP calling for his resignation. Indian Affairs minister Jean Chrétien defended Ciaccia, noting the difficult nature of his deputy's workload.

In 1972, Ciaccia helped found the Indian Way School, in the Kahnawake Mohawk reserve south of Montreal. The school was established in response to concerns of natives that their children's culture was being assimilated at the (mostly white) Billings School in nearby Chateauguay. Days before Ciaccia officially resigned from the civil service to run in the 1973 Quebec general election, The Globe and Mail lauded Ciaccia for his initiatives that helped "decentralize Indian Affairs and give more power to Indians themselves."

1973-1976: MNA under Bourassa

Entry into provincial politics

On September 25, 1973, Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa called a general election for October 29. Bourassa asked Ciaccia to run in the newly formed electoral riding of Mont-Royal, a multicultural area of Montreal, regarded as a Liberal stronghold. Ciaccia accepted the offer, resigning from his Federal post in the department of Indian Affairs. Ciaccia was easily elected, with 83% of the vote and would go on to represent the riding for the next 25 years.

Negotiating James Bay Agreement

In the 1960s, the province of Quebec began developing potential hydroelectric resources in the sparsely populated North, inhabited mostly by various native groups, such as the Cree and Inuit. In 1971, the government of Premier Robert Bourassa created the James Bay Development Corporation to pursue the development of mining, forestry and other potential resources starting with the James Bay Hydroelectric Project. The proposed project faced fierce resistance from the native Cree and Inuit populations. By early 1973, he was touting it as "the key to economic and social progress in Quebec." In September, a general election was called for October 29. Early in the campaign, Bourassa sought to make the issue a key pillar to the Liberal party platform, pledging to pursue the multibillion-dollar project if re-elected.

In the immediate aftermath of the Liberal victory, it had been widely anticipated Ciaccia would be given a cabinet post in the new Bourassa government. However, on November 20, 1973, he was chosen as the premier's personal representative for negotiations with native groups affected by the proposed James Bay project. Ciaccia, considered a "specialist on native peoples", was tasked with finalizing a deal between Quebec and the natives. The project had gained a sense of urgency in recent days. The Quebec Superior Court had recently granted the Cree and Inuit a temporary injunction, essentially shutting down the project costing the government an estimated $500,000 a day.

Elected as an MNA and subsequently chosen as the government's chief negotiator, John Ciaccia sought to find common ground. On December 21, 1973, the provincial government's position was strengthened when the Supreme Court ruled against the current injunction granted weeks earlier. In exchange for ending further legal obstruction to the project, Ciaccia initially offered affected native communities a reported $100 million in royalties along with increased hunting and fishing rights. In early February 1974, Cree and Inuit leaders officially refused the offer, stating that land concessions and recognition of native rights throughout Quebec—not money—were the main sticking points. Ciaccia publicly suggested native leaders were overstating their peoples' genuine opposition to the project, offering to personally travel North to gauge the reaction himself. Ciaccia made good on his offer and in April 1974 visited the Cree village of Fort George in northern Quebec. He spent hours answering questions from hundreds of residents in a school auditorium. Negotiations continued throughout 1974 with an agreement in principle being reached in November. It would take another 12 months for the details to be finalized. In the early hours of November 12, 1975, Cree and Inuit leaders signed the landmark treaty which granted them a combined 60,000 square miles in land rights and $225 million over 20 years. The agreement was seen a precedent for similar land disputes in other provinces. James O'Reilly, one of the lawyers representing the native groups, praised Ciaccia's level-headed approach during negotiations, "playing it cool" in the face of emotionally charged discussions.

Opposition to Bill 22

In early 1974, it was reported the Bourassa Liberals were preparing legislation that would limit the ability of non-English speaking parents to send their children to English schools. However, as the 1974 National Assembly session begun, it became clearer that language of schooling was only part of a bolder proposal to establish French as the official language of Quebec: Bill 22. The proposed legislation was largely opposed by both Anglophones and immigrant communities, seen as the imposition of second class citizenship on non-Francophones. Ciaccia, one of nine Anglophone Liberal MNAs at the time, opposed the Bill, criticizing its discriminatory nature. By March 1974, Ciaccia along with four other Anglo MNAs announced their intention go against party lines and vote against the Bill. Ultimately, Ciaccia and George Springate were the only Liberal MNAs to vote against the Bill in its second reading when it reached its second reading in July 1974. Responding to criticism from within the party that two MNAs votoed against government, Premier Bourassa suspended both Springate and Ciaccia, barring them from Caucus meetings. Ciaccia nevertheless continued his role as chief government negotiator with the Cree and Inuit on the James Bay project. Bourassa would eventually welcome Ciaccia and Springate back into the caucus after less than 2 months.

1976-1985: Member of the Opposition
On October 20, 1976, with the Liberals high in the polls and a divided opposition, Premier Robert Bourassa called an election for November 15. The Liberals however, ended up losing to a Patri Québecois majority. John Ciaccia was one of 26 Liberals who managed to hold on to their seats. Over the next 9 years of separatist Parti Québecois rule, Ciaccia was an eminent voice for both federalism and Quebec's non-francophones. During his years in the opposition, he occupied various shadow cabinet posts, acting as critic for native affairs, transport, housing, and industry and commerce.

Ciaccia was a vocal opponent of the Parti Quebecois' 1977 landmark Charter of the French Language, characterizing the legislation as one "that restricts our liberties and a vision which will result in the phasing out of the English [community in Quebec]."

During the 1977-1978 Liberal leadership race (Bourassa having resigned after the 1976 election defeat) Ciaccia announced his support for Claude Ryan, a former publisher at Le Devoir. At a press conference alongside Ryan, Ciaccia highlighted Ryan's opposition to the controversial Bill 101. During the press conference, Ryan surprised many in the room, Ciaccia included, by speaking in Italian for the next 2 minutes, thanking the MNA for his support. Ciaccia's endorsement of Ryan was significant, as Ciaccia was considered a leading "spokesman for Quebec ethnic groups"—a traditional bastion of Liberal support. Ryan would go on to become Liberal leader.

During the 1980 referendum campaign on Quebec independence from Canada, Ciaccia was an executive member of the "No" campaign committee, frequently attending and speaking at federalist rallies in the Montreal area. In the run-up to May 20 vote, Ciaccia raised concerns that voters in Montreal areas with significant immigrant populations (who mainly opposed succession from Canada) were being excluded from the list of electors. The "No" campaign would go on to win the referendum by a margin of 60% to 40%.

In the 1981 general election, the Parti Quebecois was given a second majority mandate. Ciaccia was able to easily retain his Mont-Royal seat with 81% percent of the vote. Claude Ryan was eventually forced out as Liberal leader in August 1982 and succeeded by Gerard Levesque in the interim, until a new leader would be chosen in October 1983. Ciaccia seriously considered running for the leadership, but ultimately decided not to run. It had been suggested by some, that regardless of his chances, Ciaccia should nevertheless run so that "non-francophones can aspire to lead [the] party." However, when explaining his decision not to run Ciaccia specifically mentioned the possibility that his (mostly non-francophone) supporters would have felt alienated from the rest of the party. The Montreal Gazette editorial board attributed Ciaccia's decision to a "sad unwritten rule" that only francophones could aspire to high political office in Quebec. Ex-premier Robert Bourassa would go on win the party nomination and return as the party leader.

1985-1994: Cabinet minister

Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
In the 1985 general election Ciaccia once again retained his seat by a comfortable margin. The election marked the comeback of Premier Robert Bourassa whose Liberals won a commanding majority. Ciaccia, who had already served under Bourassa's first mandate, was promoted to a position in Liberal cabinet as Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, officially sworn in on December 12. As minister of Energy and Natural Resources, Ciaccia oversaw of the portfolios of two delegated cabinet ministers: Albert Coté (responsible for Forestry) and Raymond Savoie (in charge of both Mining and Native Affairs).

As minister of energy, Ciaccia sought ensure Quebecers paid a price on fuel more in line with the national average. Soon after he became minister, a federal probe confirmed what many had already suspected: consumers in Quebec were paying up to an extra $500 million a year for imported gasoline due to insufficient refining domestic capacity. This would soon be exacerbated by plans to close an oil refinery in east end Montreal. Initially owned by Gulf Canada, the refinery was to be sold to British-owned Ultramar Canada which subsequently intended on closing it by year's end. Ciaccia urged his federal counterpart, Pat Carney, to block the sale. The Progressive Conservative federal government led by Brian Mulroney refused to block the sale. Ciaccia sought to find another buyer for the refinery that would keep it operational. Ultimately, Ciaccia managed to get Ultramar to sell part of the refinery specializing in petrochemicals (and not gasoline) to Montreal-based Lavelin Inc. The remainder of the refinery was dismantled, a decision strongly criticized by Ciaccia as short-sighted and detrimental to Quebec's future energy needs. In the months following the refinery's closure, gasoline prices increased throughout the province.

Towards the end of 1986, Ciaccia grew increasingly frustrated with what he viewed as gouging of companies by the oil companies. In November, Ultramar raised the price of gasoline by 2 cents a litre, a move quickly followed by other distributors throughout the province. Ciaccia singled out the company for "taking advantage of Quebeckers." In addition, high gas prices persisted in outlying regions despite a measure in the 1985 budget which lowered the gasoline surtax by 10 percent compared to the rest of the province. Ciaccia commissioned a 1987 report which concluded oil companies and gasoline distributors were pocketing most of the tax cuts on the retail price of gasoline in Quebec's outlying regions, failing to pass down the savings to consumers. The report estimated that over $20 million in tax cuts intended for consumers were being pocketed by oil companies, distributors, and retailers.

In June 1987, Ciaccia issued a decree, valid for 3 months, controlling the price of gasoline, setting a ceiling on the price in outlying regions. Ciaccia later extended the decree in order to, "give him time to set up a body to help consumers benefit from fair prices." In search of a more permanent solution, Ciaccia helped draft Bill 93, which was passed into law on November 12, 1987. The bill created an agency charged with monitoring gasoline prices throughout the province, while also reaffirming "the government's right to set gasoline prices" via cabinet decree.

As minister of Energy and Natural Resources, John Ciaccia attempted to rejuvenate the struggling pulp and paper industry in the province. During his tenure, he helped launch and give subsidies to two paper mill projects : the reopening of an idle plant in Port-Cartier and the construction of a new one in Matane.

Re-opening the mill in Port-Cartier would create over 400 jobs. The plant, closed by its previous owner, ITT Rayonier in 1979 was to be jointly owned by Quebec-based Cascades Inc and the state-owned Rexfor. The provincial government paid $102 million to reopen the plant compared to only $5 million by Cascades. The federal government refused to provide any funds or grants for Port Cartier.

In April 1986, Ciaccia sent a proposal to the Norwegian company Saugbrugs Forenginen to set up a $327 million paper mill in the town of Matane. Saugbrugs showed interest in the proposal and responded to Ciaccia in June with a counter-offer. The proposed project was hindered by the federal government's initial refusal to provide funding and in January 1987, Saugbrugs backed out of the project. Ciaccia accused the Mulroney Conservatives of stalling on the construction of the Matane mill in the economically depressed Gaspé, a project they had endorsed during the previous federal election. The federal and provincial governments reached a joint funding agreement valued at over $25 million October 1987 in which Donohue Inc (of which Quebecor Inc held a majority stake) would build and operate the Matane plant. Construction for the $290 million plant in Matane (scaled-down in size from the $600 initially envisioned by Donahue) began in late 1988. The plant would employ 125 workers and generate an estimated 1,600 jobs in spin-off industries.

Both the Matane and Port-Cartier projects were highly contentious within the pulp and paper industry itself, which was already suffering from overcapacity throughout North America. B.K. Koken, president of Abitibi-Price Inc called Ciaccia's attempt to bring a plant to Matane "a disservice to the industry," adding that public funds "should not be used to prolong uneconomic activities.

Language wars: Bill 178
In 1988, segments of the anglophone community began to complain that the Bourassa Liberals were once again taking their support for granted. In the run-up to the 24th Liberal general convention in February 1988, Alliance Quebec president Royal Orr criticized the party for ignoring the community's "legitimate concerns" risking a crisis within the party. Ciaccia, one of four anglophone cabinet ministers responded to criticism his party was ignoring English-speakers, saying, "Just because we're not waving the flag doesn't mean we're ignoring the community." Commentators in the English media continued to criticize Ciaccia and other anglophone MNAs for not taking harder stands against what they viewed as attempts to marginalize the province's English speakers.

Tensions grew in late March when both the PQ and Liberals (including all 21 Anglophone MNAs) backed a motion condemning the federal official language commissioner D'Iberville Fortier for stating that Quebec was "humiliating" its anglophone population. Ciaccia justified his support of the motion, arguing that "Fortier did us a disservice by talking about humiliation...This is not the time for inflammatory remarks...". Ciaccia said his riding office received insulting phone calls from English residents, angry over his decision.

In December 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down a section of Bill 101 (implemented by the PQ in 1977) which forbade the use of languages other from French on business signs, on the grounds that it violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms' guarantee of the right of expression. The Quebec Liberals responded by tabling legislation, Bill 178, that would still prohibit other languages on outdoor business signs, but would permit bilingual signage indoors. In a sign of protest, the three other anglophone cabinet ministers, Clifford Lincoln, Herbert Marx, and Richard French, resigned from Bourassa's cabinet. Ciaccia, however, decided to stay, questioning any good that would come from his resigning, saying he could do more for anglophones by remaining in cabinet.

Gazette columnist Don MacPherson, previously critical of Ciaccia, praised him for showing "heroism of a different kind in deciding to try to continue to defend minority interests within the cabinet... He is bound to face some harsh criticism for not having joined his colleagues in restoring the honor of the community. He knew that, which makes his decision a courageous one in its own way." The Gazette editorial board, despite calling on all four cabinet ministers to resign nevertheless acknowledged Ciaccia's decision: "That is not to condemn the fourth anglophone minister, John Ciaccia, for choosing a different path...because he believes he can serve his community better from within cabinet."

In May 1989, with an election coming in the fall, Ciaccia addressed a hostile crowd at an Alliance Quebec convention. In the wake of the newly formed Equality Party, he urged the association's members to continue supporting the Liberals, lest the party no longer feel obliged to answer the needs of anglophones in Quebec. Ciaccia later told reporters that he "felt like Daniel in the Lion's den" at the convention.

Despite the criticism from sections of the anglophone community, Ciaccia comfortably retained his seat in the 1989 general election, defeating Equality candidate Nat Bernstein by 5,165 votes.

Minister of International Affairs and Minister of Native Affairs
Following the 1989 re-election of a Bourassa Liberal majority, Ciaccia remained a cabinet minister and was given two separate portfolios: International Relations and Native Affairs. Ciaccia already had experience with the Native community in the 1970s: first as a federal civil servant, then as chief provincial negotiator during James Bay Hydroelectric development.

Meech Lake Accord

Ciaccia was a staunch supporter of the Meech Lake Accord, a package of proposed amendments to the Canadian Constitution, intended to persuade Quebec to sign on the Constitution Act of 1982. At the time of its initial negotiation in 1987, the Accord was supported by the premiers of all ten provinces along with the majority of Canadians. In the lead up to the June 1990 deadline for its approval, opposition began to mount. One of the many criticisms tabled against the accord was the supposed preferential treatment it gave the province of Quebec. One of the Accord's fiercest opponents was former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Trudeau argued that the Quebec government did not need additional powers nor did Quebec need to be recognized as a "distinct society".

On January 22, 1990, 5 months before the deadline for reaching an agreement, Ciaccia responded to these criticisms in The Globe and Mail, framing the Accord, "Not as final chapter in our constitutional history, but as a stepping stone upon which we can build a solid future.". Contrary to Trudeau's claim that any reference to a "distinct society" was an insult, Ciaccia highlighted how recognition of cultural differences are arguably a key part of the Canadian identity.

The accord would eventually fail to be finalized due in part to opposition from the provincial governments of Manitoba and Newfoundland. The failure of Meech is generally as the principal driving force behind the rebirth of the sovereignty movement in the early 1990s, and the subsequent defeat of the Quebec Liberals to the Parti Quebecois in 1994.

Oka Crisis

In March 1989, Oka Golf Club announced plans to expand its 9-hole golf course to a full 18. Close to the Kanehsatake reserve, the land in question included a native burial ground, marked by standing tombstones. Protests by Mohawks and environmentalists temporarily postponed the project, as the provincial government attempted to determine whether natives held a valid claim on the land. Such a process would take time as it involved going over land claims dating back to the 18th century. In his memoir on the crisis, Ciaccia argues that the dispute could have been solved quickly, noting "there was one key parcel of land without which the golf course could not be extended...Buy this land, and the most pressing problem would be solved. This is exactly what my officials in Quebec proposed to the federal minister of Indian Affairs[, Tom Siddon]." Ciaccia travelled to Ottawa himself to discuss the situation privately with his federal counterpart. Siddon, however decided not to purchase the land, arguing that there first needed to be stable band local leadership on the part of Kanehsatake Mohawks In April 1990, when negotiations stalled, Mohawks erected a roadblock on the road leading to land in dispute, effectively barricading it off from potential developers.

On Tuesday, May 8, after the barricades received media attention, Ciaccia privately met with Oka mayor, Jean Ouellette. Ouellette showed Ciaccia plans for the proposed golf course expansion, which included residential development, and claimed the city would lose $2 million should the project fail to proceed. In an attempt to resolve the situation, Ciaccia privately assured Ouellette he would find the $2 million, thus allowing the Mohawks to keep their sacred ground undisturbed, while at the same time compensate the municipality for tax revenue. Ciaccia left the meeting confident a deal would soon be reached. Two days later, much to his surprise, Ouellette informed him the project would not be abandoned for $2 million, announcing his intention to have the barricades removed. Years later, Ciaccia would recall: "[Ouellette] made a complete about-face. He was pressing 'onward into the mouth of hell'...pursuing plans that would allow not a noble cause, but the destruction of natural beauty and the desecration of Native lands."

By June 30, the municipality of Oka obtained a legal injunction to have the barricades removed, which the Mohawks refused to acknowledge. On July 10, against Ciaccia's wishes, mayor Ouellette asked the Sureté du Québec to enforce the injunction and dismantle the roadblock. Early next morning, on July 11, provincial police raided the barricades. Gunfire was exchanged with one police casualty; Corporal Marcel Lemay died from a gunshot wound to the mouth. Police had to retreat as teargas they'd fired blew back in their direction.

The Canadian Army was subsequently called in, with a tense standoff ensuing for the rest of the summer. In a show of solidarity Mohawks in Kahnawake (a reserve on Montreal's south shore) would block the Mercier Bridge for several weeks. The crisis would go on to generate considerable anti-native sentiment in the province. The plight of Canada's indigenous peoples would also receive international attention and condemnation. Provincial highways leading to both Kanehsatake and Kahnawake were blocked by police. The standoff finally came to an end on September 26, 1990, with a negotiated surrender on the part of Mohawks. Plans to expand the golf course were eventually cancelled.

Ciaccia faced criticism for his handling of the crisis. While some commentators praised his repeated efforts to find common ground between both sides, others accused him of not taking a harder stance towards the Natives, thus giving the impression of a breakdown of law and order. On July 26, 1990 it was reported that Ciaccia was allowing Mohawks to use a dock on the land of a Dorval property he owned. It was being used to ferry in supplies to Kahnawake, which had been blocked off by police checkpoints. The report caused a public outcry. Ciaccia acknowledged the dock's existence but maintained it was used solely for sending in essential goods such as food and medical supplies.
In the aftermath of the crisis, both Ciaccia and Sam Elkas (then minister of public security) lost their ministerial positions in a cabinet shuffle in October 1990. This was widely seen as a rebuke from Bourassa for their handling of the crisis. Ciaccia nevertheless held on to his post as minister of International Trade.

Despite his perceived sympathies for the Mohawks, Ciaccia was nevertheless critical of international condemnation regarding the provincial and federal government's handling of the Oka Crisis. On September 13, 1990 the European Parliament passed a resolution condemning the Canadian government's treatment of its Native population. In January 1991, Ciaccia would meet a delegation of MEPs who had come to Montreal on a fact-finding mission. After the meeting, Ciaccia told reporters that European lawmakers appeared to have some serious misconceptions of what had taken place during the crisis: namely that Ottawa has forcefully expropriated Mohawk land and that martial law had been declared. In light of this, Ciaccia stated, "the European Parliament is not here to tell Canada anything...it is here to learn."

According to a 1991 report on the crisis, released by the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy, Ciaccia stated he felt undermined by the provincial police during negotiations to end the standoff. During a 1993 coroner's inquest into the death of Corporal Lemay, Ciaccia testified that prior to the raid, he warned both the premier's office and his colleague, Public Security Minister Sam Elkas, that a police raid on the barricade could very well turn bloody.

In 2000, Ciaccia published a personal memoir of the crisis, The Oka Crisis: A Mirror of the Soul.

International Affairs
As minister of international affairs, Ciaccia served as Quebec's chief representative in the international community from 1989 to 1994. Ciaccia participated in many trade missions, in search of potentially new markets for Quebec exporters. As minister, Ciaccia, visited over 40 countries including: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Poland, China, Vietnam, Israel, South Africa, France, Italy, Egypt, and the United States. Ciaccia was an ardent supporter of the North American Free Trade Agreement, arguing it would increase growth in Quebec's service and high-tech industries, among others.

In 1990, with the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, John Ciaccia and Roland Dumas, the French foreign minister at the time, proposed a working group designed to gauge the needs of French speakers in Poland, Romania, and Hungary, to determine the best way to sustain those linguistic minorities. The following year, Ciaccia headed trade missions to Hungary and Poland with the goal of strengthening economic and cultural ties between Quebec and the former Eastern Bloc countries.

In 1992, Ciaccia visited Vietnam on a trade mission, another country in the process of liberalizing its economy. He helped sign an agreement promoting economic and technological cooperation between Vietnam and Quebec.

Immigration and Cultural Communities
Robert Bourassa resigned as premier and Liberal leader, due to his deteriorating health, in September 1993. Daniel Johnson Jr would emerge as Liberal leader and Premier in January 1994, along with a newly shuffled cabinet. Ciaccia was given a new portfolio, Immigration and Cultural Communities, in addition to his previously held one in International Affairs.

In outlining a three-year plan on immigration, Ciaccia addressed concerns that the French language was in danger on the island of Montreal, where most immigrants to Quebec choose to settle. In the spring of 1994, Ciaccia held consultations across the province to determine whether the number of immigrants admitted annually should be revised. In June 1994, Ciaccia would eventually decide to keep immigration levels steady for the next three years, at around 43,000 a year

1994-1998: Opposition
In 1994, with an upcoming election and the Liberals trailing the PQ in the polls, Ciaccia considered retiring from politics. Despite many other Liberal cabinet ministers deciding to leave politics before the election was called, Ciaccia ultimately decided to run. He would, once more, be re-elected in the riding of Mont-Royal. The election ushered in a majority Parti Quebec government, which soon set a date of October 30, 1995 for a referendum on independence.

Just as he did during the 1980 referendum, Ciaccia actively campaigned for the "No" side in the 1995 referendum, acting as strategist for the No Committee. In the run-up to the vote, he accused the PQ of trying to block immigrants (a largely federalist constituency) from voting, via Bill 40, which would have set up the province's first computerized list of voters. On January 25, 1995, Ciaccia, along with 3 other anglophone MNAs (Thomas Mulcair, Geoffrey Kelley, and Christos Sirros) penned an opinion piece in the Gazette, denouncing Bill 40. The piece argued that, "with a referendum on the horizon, the government believes that these new rules would help its side when the votes are counted on referendum day." In the lead-up to the referendum, Ciaccia made appearances at cultural and community events, and participated in media interviews, arguing for the federalist, "No" campaign. The "No" side would go on to win the referendum by a narrow margin of 50.6% to 49.4%.

In September 1998, with a general election set for November 30, Ciaccia announced he would not be seeking re-election. "I feel that I have done as much as I could and that the time has come for me to try to do other things, to meet other challenges," he explained to the Gazette. When asked if he faced pressure within the party to step aside, Ciaccia insisted the decision was made solely on his own accord, stating, "no one, no one, ever suggested that I shouldn't run again." At the time of his decision to retire, he was the longest-serving member of the National Assembly. During the final day of his mandate, he received a standing ovation from members of all parties in the assembly along with a farewell handshake from PQ Premier Lucien Bouchard. According to fellow Liberal MNA, Thomas Mulcair, who shared an office with Ciaccia, "He has always been there to help and to give good advice and I am going to miss him a lot."

Retirement and death
After retiring as MNA in 1998, Ciaccia remained a supporter of both the federal Liberals and Quebec Liberal Party. As a resident of the Montreal suburb of Beaconsfield, Ciaccia supported the controversial mega-city in which all municipalities on the Island of Montreal merged into one city. During the 2004 vote to de-merge from Montreal, Ciaccia campaigned for Beaconsfield to remain a part of the mega-city, serving on the pro-merger committee. In May 2004, Beaconsfield would vote to de-merge from Montreal. Ciaccia was a well-known figure in Montreal's Italian community, and frequent invitee to events organized by the Italian Chamber of Commerce. Ciaccia played piano for various fundraisers. A lifelong pianist, Ciaccia was inspired as a child by boogie-woogie greats such as Fats Waller (against the wishes of his mother, an ardent classicist). Ciaccia had one son, Mark, and two grandsons, Erik and Nicholas.

In the fall of 2015, 40 years after the James Bay agreement, Ciaccia released his memoir, Call Me Giambattista.

Ciaccia died in his home in Beaconsfield, Quebec on August 7, 2018, at the age of 85.

References

1933 births
2018 deaths
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
People from Mount Royal, Quebec
Italian emigrants to Canada
Lawyers in Quebec
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
People of Molisan descent


title: List of botanists by author abbreviation (N–O)

text:
A–M

To find entries for A–M, use the table of contents above.

N

 N.A.Br. – Nellie Adalesa Brown (1876–1956)
 Nábělek –  (1884–1965)
 Naczi – Robert Francis Cox Naczi (born 1963)
 Nadeaud – Jean Nadeaud (1834–1898)
 Nadson – Georgii Adamovich Nadson (1867–1939)
 Nagam. – Hidetoshi Nagamasu (fl. 1986)
 Nägeli – Carl Nägeli (1817–1891)
 Naive – Mark Arcebal Kling Naive (fl. 2016)
 Nakai – Takenoshin Nakai (1882–1952)
 Napper – Diana Margaret Napper (1930–1972)
 Nash – George Valentine Nash (1864–1921)
 Nast – Charlotte Georgia Nast (1905–1991)
 Nasution – Rusdy E. Nasution (fl. 1977)
 Nath. – Alfred Gabriel Nathorst (1850–1921)
 Naudin – Charles Victor Naudin (1815–1899)
 Navashin – Sergei Gavrilovich Navashin (1857–1930)
 Náves –  (1839–1910)
 N.A.Wakef. – Norman Arthur Wakefield (1918–1972)
 N.Balach. – Natesan Balachandran (born 1965)
 N.Busch –  (1869–1941)
 N.B.Ward – Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward (1791–1868)
 N.Cardoso –  (born 1970)
 N.C.Hend. – Norlan C. Henderson (born 1915)
 N.C.Melvin – Norman C. Melvin (fl. 1977)
 N.C.W.Beadle – Noel Charles William Beadle (1914–1998)
 N.D.Atwood – Nephi Duane Atwood (1938–2021)
 N.E.Br. – Nicholas Edward Brown (1849–1934)
 Neck. – Noel Martin Joseph de Necker (1730–1793)
 Née – Luis Née (1734–1807)
 Nees – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858)
 Neese – Elizabeth Chase Neese (1934–2008)
 Neger – Franz Wilhelm Neger (1868–1923)
 N.E.Gray – Netta Elizabeth Gray (1913–1970)
 N.E.Hansen – Niels Ebbesen Hansen (1866–1950)
 Nehrl. – Henry Nehrling (1853–1929)
 Neill – Patrick Neill (1776–1851)
 Neilr. – August Neilreich (1803–1871)
 Nel – Gert Cornelius Nel (1885–1950)
 Nelmes – Ernest Nelmes (1895–1959)
 Nelson – David Nelson (c.1740–1789)
 Nemoto – Kwanji Nemoto (1860–1936)
 Nerz – Joachim Nerz (fl. 1994)
 Ness – Helge Ness (1861–1928)
 Nestl. – Chrétien Géofroy Nestler (1778–1832)
 Neubert – Wilhelm Neubert (1808–1905)
 Neumann – Joseph Henri Francois Neumann (1800–1858)
 Neveu-Lem. – Maurice Neveu-Lemaire (1872–1951)
 Nevski – Sergei Arsenjevic Nevski (1908–1938)
 Newb. – John Strong Newberry (1822–1892)
 Newc. – Frederick Charles Newcombe (1858–1927)
 Newman – Edward Newman (1801–1876)
 Newton – Isaac Newton (1840–1906)
 N.F.Hend. – Nellie Frater Henderson (1885–1952)
 N.F.Mattos – Nilza Fischer de Mattos (born 1931)
 N.F.Robertson – Noel Farnie Robertson (1923–1999)
 Ng – Francis S.P. Ng (born 1940)
 Ngamr. – Chatchai Ngamriabsakul (fl. 2000)
 N.Garcia – Núria Garcia Jacas (born 1961), also "Núria Garcia-Jacas"
 N.Gibson – Neil Gibson (born 1957)
 N.G.Marchant – Neville Graeme Marchant (born 1939)
 N.G.Mill. – Norton George Miller (1942–2011)
 N.G.Walsh – Neville Grant Walsh (born 1956)
 N.Hallé –  (1927–2017)
 N.H.F.Desp. – Narcisse Henri François Desportes (1776–1856)
 N.H.Holmgren – Noel Herman Holmgren (born 1937)
 Nicholls – William Henry Nicholls (1885–1951)
 Nichols – George Elwood Nichols (1882–1939)
 Nickrent – Daniel L. Nickrent (born 1956)
 Nicolai – Ernst August Nicolai (1800–1874)
 Nicolson – Dan Henry Nicolson (1933–2016)
 Nicora – Elisa G. Nicora (1912–2001)
 Nied. – Franz Josef Niedenzu (1857–1937)
 Niederle – Josef Niederle (fl. 2003)
 Nielsen – Peter Nielsen (1829–1897)
 Nieuwenh. – A.W. Nieuwenhuis (fl. 1908)
 Nieuwl. – Julius Aloysius Arthur Nieuwland (1878–1936)
 Nikitin – Sergei Nikolaevic Nikitin (1850–1909)
 Nikitina – Ennafa Vasilievna Nikitina (1893–1976)
 Nir – Mark Anthony Nir (1935–2019)
 Nitsche – Walter Nitsche (1883–)
 Nitschke – Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke (1834–1883)
 Nixon – Kevin C. Nixon (born 1953)
 N.Jacobsen – Niels Henning Günther Jacobsen (born 1941)
 N.Jardine – Nick Jardine (born 1943)
 N.J.Chung – Nian June Chung (fl. 1977)
 N.Kilian – Norbert Kilian (born 1957)
 N.L.Alcock – Nora Lilian Alcock (c.1875–1972)
 N.Lund – Nils (Nicolai) Lund (1814–1847)
 N.Mukh. – Nirmalendu Mukherjee (fl. 1967–75)
 N.N.Tran – Ngoc Ninh Tran (born 1943)
 Nob.Tanaka – Nobuyuki Tanaka (fl. 2000)
 Noë – Friedrich Wilhelm Noë (1798–1858)
 Noegg. – Johann Jakob Nöggerath (Jacob Noeggerath) (1788–1877)
 Noerdl. (also Nördl.) – Hermann Noerdlinger (1818–1897)
 Noltie – Henry John Noltie (born 1957)
 Noot. – Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022)
 Nordal (also I.Bjørnstadt) – Inger Nordal (born 1944)
 Nordensk. – Nils Adolph Erik (von) Nordenskiöld (1832–1901)
 Nördl. (also Noerdl.) – Herman von Nördlinger (1818–1897)
 Nordm. – Alexander von Nordmann (1803–1866)
 Norl. – Nils Tycho Norlindh (1906–1995)
 Noronha – Francisco Noronha (1748–1788)
 Northr. – Alice Belle (Rich) Northrop (1864–1922)
 Norton – John Bitting Smith Norton (1872–1966)
 Nothdurft – Heinrich Wilhelm Christian Nothdurft (born 1921)
 Nowicke – Joan W. Nowicke (born 1938)
 Novák –  (1892–1964)
 Novopokr. – Ivan Vassiljevich Novopokrovsky (1880–1951)
 N.P.Balakr. – Nambiyath Puthansurayil Balakrishnan (born 1935)
 N.P.Barker – Nigel P. Barker (fl. 1993)
 N.Pfeiff. – Norma Etta Pfeiffer (1889–1989)
 N.P.Pratov – N. P. Pratov (born 1934)
 N.P.Taylor – Nigel Paul Taylor (born 1956)
 N.Ramesh – N. Ramesh (fl. 2000)
 N.Robson – Norman Keith Bonner Robson (1928–2021)
 N.Rosén (also Rosenstein) – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein (1706–1773)
 N.Roux – Nisius Roux (1854–1923)
 N.Ruiz-R. – Natalia Ruiz-Rodgers (fl. 1995–7)
 N.S.Fraga – Naomi Fraga (born 1979)
 N.S.Golubk. – Nina Golubkova (1932–2009)
 N.S.Lee – Nam Sook Lee (born 1955)
 N.S.Pavlova. – N. S. Pavlova (born 1938)
 N.Streiber – Nikola Streiber (fl. 1999)
 N.Taylor – Norman Taylor (1883–1967)
 N.T.Burb. – Nancy Tyson Burbidge (1912–1977)
 N.Terracc. – Nicola Terracciano (1837–1921)
 N.T.Sauss. – Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (1767–1845)
 Nubl. – Erwin Nubling (1876–1953)
 Nusb. – Louis Paul Gustave Alvin Nusbaumer (born 1977)
 Nutt. – Thomas Nuttall (1786–1859)
 N.W.Simmonds – Norman Willison Simmonds (born 1922)
 N.W.Uhl – Natalie Whitford Uhl (1919–2017)
 Nyár. – Erasmus Julius Nyárády (1881–1966)
 Nyffeler – Reto Nyffeler (fl. 1992)
 Nygaard – Gunnar Nygaard (1903–2002)
 Nyholm – Elsa Cecilia Nyholm (1911–2002)
 Nyl. – (Wilhelm) William Nylander (1822–1899)
 Nyman – Carl Frederik Nyman (1820–1893)

O

 Oakes – William Oakes (1799–1848)
 O.Appel – Oliver Appel (fl. 1996)
 O.B.Davies – Olive Blanche Davies (1884–1976)
 O.Berg – Otto Karl Berg (1815–1866)
 Oberm. – Anna Amelia Obermeyer (1907–2001)
 Oberpr. – Christoph Oberprieler (born 1964)
 O.Bolòs – Oriol de Bolòs (1924–2007)
 Obón –  (born 1959)
 O'Brien – James O'Brien (1842–1930)
 Ochoa – Carlos M. Ochoa (fl. 1952)
 Ochse – Jacob Jonas Ochse (1891–1970)
 Ochyra – Ryszard Ochyra (born 1949)
 O.Cohen – Ofer Cohen (fl. 1995)
 O.C.Schmidt – Otto Christian Schmidt (1900–1951)
 O.Danesch – Othmar Danesch (born 1919)
 O.Deg. – Otto Degener (1899–1988)
 O'Donell – Carlos Alberto O'Donell (1912–1954)
 O.D.Evans – Obed David Evans (1889–1975)
 Odyuo – Nripemo Odyüo (born 1970)
 Oeder – Georg Christian Oeder (1728–1791)
 O.E.Erikss. – Ove Erik Eriksson (born 1935)
 Oerst. – Anders Sandøe Ørsted (1816–1872)
 O.E.Schulz – Otto Eugen Schulz (1874–1936)
 O.F.Cook – Orator F. Cook (1867–1949)
 O.Fedtsch. – Olga Alexandrowna Fedtschenko (1845–1921)
 O.F.Müll. – Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784)
 O.Gruss – Olaf Gruss (born 1948)
 O.Hoffm. – Karl August Otto Hoffmann (1853–1909)
 Ohi-Toma – Tetsuo Ohi-Toma (fl. 2010)
 O.H.Sarg. – Oswald Hewlett Sargent (1880–1952)
 Ohtani – Shigeru Ohtani (fl. 1961)
 O.Huber – Otto Huber (born 1944)
 Ohwi – Jisaburo Ohwi (1905–1977)
 O.J.Rich. – Olivier Jules Richard (1836–1896)
 Okamura – Kintaro Okamura (1867–1935)
 O'Kane – Steve Lawrence O'Kane (born 1956)
 Oken – Lorenz Oken (1779–1851)
 O.K.Mill. – Orson Knapp Miller, Jr. (1930–2006)
 Olde – Peter M. Olde (born 1945)
 Oldenl. – Henrik Bernard Oldenland (c. 1663–1699)
 Oldfield – Augustus Frederick Oldfield (1820–1887)
 Oldham – Thomas Oldham (1816–1878)
 Oliv. – Daniel Oliver (1830–1916)
 Olmstead – Richard Glenn Olmstead (born 1951)
 Olney – Stephen Thayer Olney (1812–1878)
 Oltm. – Friedrich Oltmanns (1860–1945)
 Omino – Elizabeth Omino (born 1962)
 Ö.Nilsson –  (born 1933)
 Onions – Agnes H. S. Onions (fl. 1966)
 Onno – Max Onno (born 1903)
 Ooststr. – Simon Jan van Ooststroom (1906–1982)
 Opiz – Philipp Maximilian Opiz (1787–1858)
 Oppenh. – Heinz Reinhard Oppenheimer (1899–1971)
 Orange – Alan Orange (1955–2023)
 Orb. – Charles Henry Dessalines d'Orbigny (1806–1876)
 Orbán – Sándor Orbán (born 1947)
 Orchard – Anthony Edward Orchard (born 1946)
 Orcutt – Charles Russell Orcutt (1864–1929)
 Orme – Andrew E. Orme (fl. 2017)
 Ormerod – Paul Abel Ormerod (born 1969)
 Ormonde – José Eduardo Martins Ormonde (1943–2004)
 Ornduff – Robert Ornduff (1932–2000)
 O.Rosenb. – Gustaf Otto Rosenberg (1872–1948)
 Orph. – Theodoros G. Orphanides (1817–1886)
 Orr – Matthew Young Orr (1883–1953)
 Ortega – Casimiro Gómez Ortega (1740–1818)
 Ortgies – Karl Eduard Ortgies (1829–1916)
 Orthia – L. A. Orthia (fl. 2005)
 Ortmann – Anton Ortmann (1801–1861)
 Osbeck – Pehr Osbeck (1723–1805)
 Osborn – Arthur Osborn (1878–1964)
 O.Schneid. – Oskar Schneider (1841–1903)
 O.Schwarz – Otto Karl Anton Schwarz (1900–1983)
 Oshio – Masayoshi Oshio (born 1937)
 Oshite – Kei Oshite (born 1919)
 Osipian – Lia Levonevna Osipian (born 1930)
 Ósk. – Ingimar Óskarsson (1892–1981)
 Osner – George Adin Osner (born 1888)
 Osorio – Héctor Saúl Osorio Rial (1928–2016)
 Ospina – Hernandez Mariano Ospina (1934–2018)
 Ossa – José Antonio de la Ossa (died 1829)
 Osswald – Louis Osswald (1854–1918)
 Ossyczn. – V. V. Ossycznjuk (born 1918)
 Ostapko – V. M. Ostapko (born 1950)
 Osten – Cornelius Osten (1863–1936)
 Ostenf. – Carl Hansen Ostenfeld (1873–1931)
 Osterh. – George Everett Osterhout (1858–1937)
 Osterm. – Franz Ostermeyer (died 1921)
 Osterw. – Adolf Osterwalder (1872–1948)
 Osterwald – Karl Osterwald (1853–1923)
 Östman – Magnus Östman (1852–1927)
 Østrup – Ernst Vilhelm Østrup (1845–1917)
 Osvač. – Vera Osvačilová (1924–1987)
 Oterdoom – Herman John Oterdoom (1917–2013)
 Otth – Carl Adolf Otth (1803–1839)
 Otto – Christoph Friedrich Otto (1783–1856)
 Ottol. – Kornelius Johannes Willem Ottolander (1822–1887)
 Oudejans – Robertus Cornelis Hilarius Maria Oudejans (born 1943)
 Oudem. – Cornelius Anton Jan Abraham Oudemans (1825–1906)
 Oudney – Walter Oudney (1790–1824)
 Ovcz. – Pavel Nikolaevich Ovczinnikov (1903–1979)
 Overeem – Casper van Overeem (de Haas) (1893–1927)
 Owen – Maria Louisa Owen (1825–1913)
 Ownbey – Francis Marion Ownbey (1910–1974)
 O.Yano –  (born 1946)
 O.Zacharias – Emil Otto Zacharias (1846–1916)

P–Z

To find entries for P–Z, use the table of contents above.

1


title: List of botanists by author abbreviation (M)

text:
A–L

To find entries for A–L, use the table of contents above.

M

 Ma – Yu Chuan Ma (born 1916)
 Maack – Richard Karlovich Maack (1825–1886)
 Maas – Paul Maas (born 1939)
 Maas Geest. – Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus (1911–2003)
 M.A.Baker – Marc A. Baker (born 1952)
 Mabb. – David Mabberley (born 1948)
 Mabry – Tom J. Mabry (1932–2015)
 MacDan. – Laurence Howland MacDaniels (1888–1986)
 MacDougal – Daniel Trembly MacDougal (1865–1958)
 Macfarl. – John Muirhead Macfarlane (1855–1943)
 Machado – Othon Xavier de Brito Machado (1896–1951)
 Mack. – Kenneth Kent Mackenzie (1877–1934)
 Macklin – Ellen Dulcie Macklin (1901–1979)
 Macklot – Heinrich Christian Macklot (1799–1832)
 MacLeay – William Sharp Macleay (fl. 1842)
 M.A.Clem. – Mark Alwin Clements (born 1949)
 MacMill. – Conway MacMillan (1867–1929)
 Maconochie – John Richard Maconochie (1941–1984)
 Macoun – John Macoun (1831–1920)
 MacOwan – Peter MacOwan (1830–1909)
 M.A.Curtis – Moses Ashley Curtis (1808–1872)
 Madani – Leopold Madani (fl. 1993)
 Madden – Edward Madden (1805–1856)
 Madenis – Claude Benoit Madenis (1798–1863)
 Madhus. – Pandara Valappil Madhusoodanan (born 1950)
 M.A.Diniz –  (born 1941)
 Madison – Michael T. Madison (born 1948)
 M.A.Dix – Margaret A. Dix (fl. 2000)
 Mädler – Karl Mädler (1902–2003)
 Madore –  (born 1948)
 Madrigal – Xavier Madrigal-Sánchez (born 1935)
 Madriñán – Santiago Madriñán (born 1964)
 Madsen – Jens E. Madsen (fl. 1989)
 M.A.Fenton – Mildred Adams Fenton (1899–1995)
 M.A.Fisch. –  (born 1942)
 Maek. – Tokujirô(Tokijiro) Maekawa (born 1886)
 Mägd. –  (1907–1999)
 Magill – Robert Earle Magill (born 1947)
 Magnin – Antoine Magnin (1848–1926)
 Magnol – Pierre Magnol (1638–1715)
 Magnus – Paul Wilhelm Magnus (1844–1914)
 Maguire – Bassett Maguire (1904–1991)
 M.Ahmed. – Mohammed Ahmedullah (fl. 2018)
 Mai – Dieter Hans Mai (1934–2013)
 Maiden – Joseph Maiden (1859–1925)
 Maille – Alphonse Maille (1813–1865)
 Maingay – Alexander Carroll Maingay (1836–1869)
 Maire – René Maire (1878–1949)
 Maitul. – Yulia Konstantinovna Maitulina (born 1954)
 Makar. – Maria Florianivna Makarevich (1906–1989)
 Makino – Tomitaro Makino (1862–1957)
 Makinson – Robert Owen Makinson (born 1956)
 Makowsky – Alexander Makowsky (1833–1908)
 Malaisse – François Malaisse (born 1934)
 M.A.Lane – Meredith A. Lane (born 1951)
 M.A.Lawson – Marmaduke Alexander Lawson (1840–1896)
 Malbr. – Alexandre François Malbranche (1818–1888)
 M.Allemão – Manoel Allemão (died 1863)
 Malm – Jacob von Malm (born 1901)
 Malme – Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme (1864–1937)
 Malmgren – Anders Johan Malmgren (1834–1897)
 Maly – Joseph Karl Maly (1797–1866)
 M.A.M.Renner – Matthew Anton Martyn Renner (born 1978)
 Manden. – Ida P. Mandenova (1907–1995)
 Mandon – Gilbert (Gustav) Mandon (1799–1866)
 Mani – Bince Mani (fl. 2015)
 Manik. – U. Manikandan (fl. 2001)
 Manilal – Kattungal Subramaniam Manilal (born 1938)
 M.A.N.Müll. – Michiel Adriaan Niklaas Müller (1948–1997)
 Mansf. – Rudolf Mansfeld (1901–1960)
 Manton – Irene Manton (1904–1988)
 Mappus – Marcus Mappus (1666–1736)
 Marais – Wessel Marais (1929–2013)
 Maranta – Bartolomeo Maranta (also as Bartholomaeus Marantha) (1500–1571)
 Maratti – Giovanni Francesco Maratti (1723–1777)
 Marc.-Berti – Luis Marcano-Berti (fl. 1967)
 Marcgr. – Georg Marcgrave (Marcgraf, Markgraf) (1610–1644)
 Marchal – Élie Marchal (1839–1923)
 Marchand – Nestor Léon Marchand (1833–1911)
 Marchesi – Eduardo Marchesi (born 1943)
 Marchoux – Émile Marchoux (1862–1943)
 Marcks – Brian Marcks (fl. 1974)
 Marg. – Hanna Bogna Margońska (born 1968)
 Margulis – Lynn Margulis (1938–2011)
 Marion – Antoine Fortuné Marion (1846–1900)
 Markgr. – Friedrich Markgraf (1897–1987)
 Markgr.-Dann. – Ingeborg Markgraf-Dannenberg (1911–1996)
 Markham – Clements Robert Markham (1830–1916)
 Markl. – George Gunnar Marklund (1892–1964)
 Marline – Lovanomenjanahary Marline (born 1986)
 Marloth – Hermann Wilhelm Rudolf Marloth (1855–1931)
 Marnock – Robert Marnock (1800–1889)
 Marquand – Ernest David Marquand (1848–1918)
 Marquis – Alexandre Louis Marquis (1777–1828)
 Marrero Rodr. – Águedo Marrero Rodriguez (fl. 1988)
 Marriott – Neil R. Marriott (fl. 1993)
 Marroq. – Jorge S. Marroquín (born 1935)
 Marsh – Charles Dwight Marsh (1855–1932)
 Marshall – Humphry Marshall (1722–1801)
 Mart. – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868)
 Mart.-Azorín – Mario Martínez-Azorín (born 1979)
 Mart.Crov. –  (1921–1988)
 Martelli – Ugolino Martelli (1860–1934)
 Mårtensson – Olle Mårtensson (1915–1995)
 Mart.Flores – Fernando Martínez Flores (born 1979)
 Martín Bol. – Manuel Martín Bolaños (1897–c. 1970)
 Martín-Bravo – Santiago Martín-Bravo (born 1980)
 Martinelli – Gustavo Martinelli (born 1954)
 Martinet –  (1840–)
 Martínez – Maximino Martínez (1888–1964)
 Martini – Alessandro Martini (1934–2011)
 Martinoli –  (1911–1970)
 Martinov – Ivan Ivanovič Martinov (1771–1833)
 Martinovský – Jan Otakar Martinovský (1903–1980)
 Martins – Charles Frédéric Martins (1806–1889)
 Mart.-Laborde – Juan Bautista Martínez-Laborde (born 1955)
 Mart.Mart. – M. Martínez Martínez (1907–1936)
 Martos – Florent Martos (fl. 2015)
 Mart.Parras – José María Martinez Parras (born 1953)
 Martrin-Donos – Julien Victor de Martrin-Donos (1800–1870)
 Mart.Schmid – Martin Schmid (1969–2002)
 Martyn – Thomas M. Martyn (1736–1825)
 Masam. – Genkei Masamune (1899–1993)
 Masclef – Amédée Masclef (1858–1916)
 Maslin – Bruce R. Maslin (born 1946)
 Massart – Jean Massart (1865–1925)
 Massee – George Edward Massee (1845–1917)
 Masson – Francis Masson (1741–1805)
 Mast. – Maxwell Tylden Masters (1833–1907)
 Mateo –  (born 1953)
 Mathias – Mildred Esther Mathias (1906–1995)
 Mathieu – Charles Marie Joseph Mathieu (1791–1873)
 Matr. – Alphonse Louis Paul Matruchot (1863–1921)
 Matsum. – Jinzō Matsumura (1856–1928)
 Matt. – Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka (1734–1779)
 Mattei –  (1865–1943)
 Matteri – Celina Maria Matteri (1943–2004)
 Mattf. – Johannes Mattfeld (1895–1951)
 Matthäs – Ursula Matthäs (born 1949)
 Matthei – Oscar R. Matthei (born 1935)
 Matthew – George Frederick Matthew (1837–1923)
 Matthews – Henry John Matthews (1859–1909)
 Matthiesen – Franz Matthiesen (1878–1914)
 Mattick – Wilhelm Fritz Mattick (1901–1984)
 Mattioli – Pietro (Pier) Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (Matthiolus) (1501–1577)
 Mattir. – Oreste Mattirolo (1856–1947)
 Mattos – Joáo Rodrigues de Mattos (1926–2022)
 Mattox – Karl R. Mattox (born 1936)
 Matuda – Eizi Matuda (1894–1978)
 Maturb. – Rudi A. Maturbongs (fl. 2000)
 Maulder – Ricky G. Maulder (fl. 1995)
 Maund – Benjamin Maund (1790–1863)
 Maurizio – Adam M. Maurizio (1862–1941)
 Maury – Paul Jean Baptiste Maury (1858–1893)
 Mavrodiev – Evgenij Vladimirovich Mavrodiev (fl. 1999)
 M.A.Wall – M. A. Wall (fl. 2007)
 Maxim. – Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891)
 Maxon – William Ralph Maxon (1877–1948)
 Maxwell – T.C.Maxwell (1822–1908)
 Maynard –  David J. Maynard (fl. 2008)
 M.Backlund – Maria Backlund (fl. 2007)
 M.Baker – Matthew L. Baker (fl. 2016)
 M.B.Bayer – Martin Bruce Bayer (born 1935)
 M.Bieb. – Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein (1768–1826)
 M.Blackw. – Meredith Blackwell (born 1940)
 M.B.Moss – Marion Beatrice Moss (born 1903)
 M.Broun – Maurice Broun (1906–1979)
 M.B.Schwarz – Marie Beatrice Schol-Schwarz (1898–1969)
 M.B.Scott – Munro Briggs Scott (1887–1917)
 M.B.Thomas – Mason Blanchard Thomas (1866–1912)
 M.B.Viswan. – M. B. Viswanathan (fl. 2000)
 M.B.Welch – Marcus Baldwin Welch (1895–1942)
 M.Caball. – Miguel Caballero Deloya (fl. 1969)
 McAll. – Hugh A. McAllister (fl. 1993)
 McCann – Yale Mervin Charles McCann (1899–1980)
 M.C.Chang – Mei Chen Chang (born 1933)
 McClell. – John McClelland (1805–1883)
 McClure – Floyd Alonzo McClure (1897–1970)
 McComb – Jennifer Anne McComb (born 1943)
 McCord – David Ross McCord (1844–1930)
 McCormick – Robert McCormick (1800–1890)
 McCoy – Frederick McCoy (1817–1899)
 McCraith – Gerald McCraith (1909–2009)
 McCune – Bruce Pettit McCune (born 1952)
 McDade – Lucinda A. McDade (born 1953)
 McDonald – William H. McDonald (1837–1902)
 M.C.E.Amaral – Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (fl. 1991)
 M.C.Ferguson – Margaret Clay Ferguson (1863–1951)
 McGill. – Donald McGillivray (1935–2012)
 McGregor – Ronald Leighton McGregor (1919–2012)
 M.Chandler – Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler (1897–1983)
 M.Cheng – Mien Cheng (1899–1987)
 McIlv. – Charles McIlvaine (1840–1909)
 McIvor – William Graham McIvor (1824–1876)
 M.C.Johnst. – Marshall Conring Johnston (born 1930)
 M.C.Pace – Matthew C. Pace (fl. 2017)
 McKie – Ernest Norman McKie (1882–1948)
 McKinney – Harold Hall McKinney (1889–1976)
 McLennan – Ethel Irene McLennan (1891–1983)
 M.C.Martínez –  (born 1974)
 McMillan – Adrian John Stuart McMillan (1915–2008)
 McNeill – John McNeill (born 1933)
 McQuoid – Nathan K. McQuoid (fl. 2002)
 McVaugh – Rogers McVaugh (1909–2009)
 M.D.Barrett – Matthew David Barrett (born 1974)
 M.D.Correa – Mireya D. Correa A. (1940–2022)
 M.D.Ferrero – Michael D. Ferrero (born 1968)
 M.D.Hend. – Mayda Doris Henderson (1928–2015)
 Mears – James Austin Mears (born 1944)
 M.E.Collinson – Margaret E. Collinson (fl. 1980)
 Medik. – Friedrich Kasimir Medikus (1736–1808)
 Medlicott – Henry Benedict Medlicott (1829–1905)
 Meehan – Thomas Meehan (1826–1901)
 Meekiong – Kalu Meekiong (fl. 2005)
 Meenks – Jan L. D. Meenks (fl. 1985)
 Meerb. – Nicolaas Meerburgh (1734–1814)
 Meerow – Alan W. Meerow (born 1952)
 Meese – David Meese (1723–1770)
 Meeuwen – M. S. Knaap-van Meeuwen (born 1936)
 M.E.French – Malcolm E. French (fl. 2007)
 Mehrotra – Bishan N. Mehrotra (born 1936)
 Meier – Fred Campbell Meier (1893–1938)
 Meigen – Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845)
 Meijden –  (1945–2007)
 Meijer – Willem Meijer (1923–2003)
 Meijer Drees – E. Meijer Drees (fl. 1938)
 Meikle – Robert Desmond Meikle (1923–2021)
 Meinecke –  (1721–1823)
 Meins – Claus Meins (1806–1873)
 Meinsh. – Karl Friedrich Meinshausen (1819–1899)
 Meisel – Max Meisel (1892–1969)
 Meisn. – Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner (1800–1874)
 M.E.Jones – Marcus Eugene Jones (1852–1934)
 M.E.L.Archer – Mary Ellinor Lucy Archer (fl. 1917)
 Melch. – Hans Melchior (1894–1984)
 Melikyan – Aleksander Pavlovich Melikyan (1935–2008)
 Melvill – James Cosmo Mevill (1845–1929)
 Melville – Ronald Melville (1903–1985)
 Melvin – Lionel Melvin (1907–1997)
 M.E.Morales –   (fl. 2008)
 Menabde – Vladimir Levanovich Menabde (1898–1981)
 Menadue – Yvonne Menadue (fl. 1986)
 Mendel – Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)
 Mend.-Heuer – Ilse R. Mendoza-Heuer (born 1919)
 Mendonça – Francisco de Ascencão Mendonça (1889–1982)
 M.E.Newton – Martha Elizabeth Newton (1941–2020)
 Menezes – Carlos Azevedo de Menezes (1863–1928)
 Menge – Franz Anton Menge (1808–1880)
 Mennega – Alberta Maria Wilhelmina Mennega (born 1912)
 Mentz – August Mentz (1867–1944)
 Menyh. – László Menyhárth (1849–1897)
 Menzel – Paul Julius Menzel (1864–1927)
 Menzies – Archibald Menzies (1754–1842)
 Mérat – François Victor Mérat de Vaumartoise (1780–1851)
 Meredith – Louisa Anne Meredith (1812–1895)
 Mereles – Fátima Mereles (born 1953)
 Mereschk. – Konstantin Mereshkovski (1855–1921)
 Merkl. – Felix F. Merklinger (fl. 2017)
 Merr. – Elmer Drew Merrill (1876–1956)
 Merriam – Clinton Hart Merriam (1855–1942)
 Mert. – Franz Carl Mertens (1764–1831)
 Merxm. – Hermann Merxmüller (1920–1988)
 Mesfin – Mesfin Tadesse (born 1951)
 Mesnil – Félix Étienne Pierre Mesnil (1868–1938)
 Messina – Andre Messina (fl. 2010)
 Messmer – Pearl R. Messmer (fl. 1940s–1950s)
 Mett. – Georg Heinrich Mettenius (1823–1866)
 Metusala – Destario Metusala (fl. 2009)
 Metzg. –  (1789–1852)
 Mexia – Ynés Enriquetta Julietta Mexía (1870–1938)
 Mey.-Berth. – Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud (fl. 2001)
 Meyen – Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen (1804–1840)
 Meyl. – Charles Meylan (1868–1941)
 Mez – Carl Christian Mez (1866–1944)
 M.F.Bourdon – M. F. Bourdon (fl. 2004)
 M.F.Fay – Michael Francis Fay (born 1960)
 M.Fleisch. – Max Fleischer (1861–1930)
 M.F.Newman – Mark Fleming Newman (born 1959)
 M.G.Brooks – Maurice Graham Brooks (1900–1993)
 M.G.Calder – Mary Gordon Calder (c. 1906–1992)
 M.G.Gilbert – Michael George Gilbert (born 1943)
 M.G.Henry – Mary Gibson Henry (1884–1967)
 M.Gómez – Manuel Gómez de la Maya y Jiménez (1867–1916)
 M.Gordon – M. Gordon (fl. 1920)
 M.Gray – Max Gray (1929–2015)
 M.H.Alford – Mac Haverson Alford (born 1975)
 M.HeLi – Min Hui Li (fl. 2004)
 M.Hiroe – Minosuke Hiroe (1914–2000)
 M.H.Hoffm. – Matthias H. Hoffmann (fl. 1998)
 M.H.J.van der Meer – Maarten H.J. van der Meer (fl. 2019)
 M.Hopkins – Milton Hopkins (1906–1983)
 M.Hotta – Mitsuru Hotta (1937–2015)
 M.Howe – Marshall Avery Howe (1867–1936)
 Micevski – Kiril Micevski (1926–2002)
 Michaelis – Peter Michaelis (1900–1975)
 Michelang. – Fabián Armando Michelangeli (born 1970)
 Micheli – Marc Micheli (1844–1902)
 Michelis – Friedrich Bernhard (Bernard) Ferdinand Michelis (1815–1886)
 Mich.Möller – Michael Möller (fl. 2009)
 Michon – Jean-Hippolyte Michon (1806–1881)
 Michx. – André Michaux (1746–1803)
 M.I.Dawson – Murray Ian Dawson (born 1962)
 Middend. – Alexander von Middendorff (1815–1894)
 Middled. – Harry Middleditch (born 1927)
 Miehe – Hugo Miehe (1875–1932)
 Miers – John Miers (1789–1879)
 Mig. – Emil Friedrich August Walter (Walther) Migula (1863–1938)
 Migo – Hisao Migo (1900–1985)
 Migush. – Emilia Filippovna Migushova (1923–2000)
 Mik – Josef (Joseph) Mik (1839–1900)
 Mikl.-Maclay – Nikolaj Nikolajewitsch Miklouho-Maclay (1846–1888)
 Mildbr. – Johannes Mildbraed (1879–1954)
 Milde – Carl August Julius Milde (1824–1871)
 Mill. – Philip Miller (1691–1771)
 Millais – John Guille Millais (1865–1931)
 Millardet – Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet (1838–1902)
 Millott – Jacqueline C. Millott (born 1981)
 Millsp. – Charles Frederick Millspaugh (1854–1923)
 Milne – Colin Milne (1743–1815)
 Milne-Edw. – Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900)
 Milne-Redh. – Edgar Wolston Bertram Handsley Milne-Redhead (1906–1996)
 Miq. – Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (1811–1871)
 Miranda –  (1905–1964)
 Mirb. – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel (1776–1854)
 Mirzoeva – Nina Vasilevna Mirzoeva (1908–1999)
 Mitch. – John Mitchell (1711–1768)
 Mitford – Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale (1837–1916)
 Mitt. – William Mitten (1819–1906)
 Miyabe –  (1860–1951)
 Miyake – Kiichi Miyake (1876–1964)
 Miyoshi – Manabu Miyoshi (1861–1939)
 Mizg. – Olga F. Mizgireva (born 1908)
 Mizut. – Masami Mizutani (1930–2020)
 M.Jacobs –  (1929–1983)
 M.J.Reed – Merton J. Reed (fl. 1939)
 M.J.Roe – Margaret James Roe (fl. 1961)
 M.J.Turton – Margaret Joan Turton (born 1954)
 M.J.Wingf. – Michael John Wingfield (born 1954)
 M.J.Wynne – Michael James Wynne (born 1940)
 M.Kato – Masahiro Kato (born 1946)
 M.Knowles – Matilda Cullen Knowles (1864–1933)
 M.Kuhlm. – Moysés Kuhlmann (1906–1972)
 M.Lainz – Manuel Lainz (1923–)
 M.Lange – Knud Morten Lange (1919–2003) (son of Jakob Emanuel Lange)
 M.L.Bowerman – Mary Leolin Bowerman (1908–2005)
 M.Leon – Miguel de Leon (fl. 2015)
 M.L.Green – Mary Letitia Green (1886–1978)
 M.L.Williams – Mark L. Williams (fl. 2006)
 M.Martens – Martin Martens (1797–1863)
 M.M.Mart.Ort. – María Montserrat Martínez Ortega (born 1969)
 M.M.Mejía – Milciades Manuel Mejía (born 1952)
 M.N.Correa – Maevia Noemí Correa (1914–2005)
 M.Nee – Michael Nee (born 1947)
 M.Nishida – Makoto Nishida (1927–1998)
 M.N.Philipson – Melva Noeline Philipson (1925–2015)
 M.N.Tamura – Minoru N. Tamura (fl. 1993)
 Moc. – José Mariano Mociño (1757–1820)
 M.O.Dillon – Michael O. Dillon (born 1947)
 Moeliono – B. Moeliono (fl. 1960)
 Moench – Conrad Moench (1744–1805)
 Moestrup – Øjvind Moestrup (born 1941)
 Moezel – P.G.van der Moezel (fl. 1987)
 Moffett –  (born 1937)
 Mogea –  (born 1947)
 Mogensen – Gert Steen Mogensen (born 1944)
 Moggr. – John Traherne Moggridge (1842–1874)
 Mohl – Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872)
 Mohlenbr. – Robert H. Mohlenbrock (born 1931)
 Möhring – Paul Heinrich Gerhard Möhring (1710–1792)
 Moir –  (1896–1985)
 Molau –  (born 1949)
 Moldenh. – Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer (1766–1827)
 Moldenke – Harold Norman Moldenke (1909–1996)
 Molina – Juan Ignacio Molina (1737–1829)
 Mollemans – Frans Hendricus Mollemans (fl. 1992)
 Molliard – Marin Molliard (1866–1944)
 Molloy – Brian Peter John Molloy (1930–2022)
 Mols – Johan B. Mols (fl. 2000)
 Molyneux – William Mitchell Molyneux (born 1935)
 Momiy. – Yasuichi Momiyama (1904– 2000)
 Mönk. – Wilhelm Mönkemeyer (1862–1938)
 Monnard – Jean Pierre Monnard (born 1791)
 Mont. – Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne (1784–1866)
 Montgom. – Frederick Howard Montgomery (1902– 1978)
 Montin –  (1723–1785)
 Montrouz. – Jean Xavier Hyacinthe Montrouzier (1820–1897)
 Moon – Alexander Moon (died 1825)
 Moore – David Moore (1808–1879)
 Moq. – Christian Horace Bénédict Alfred Moquin-Tandon (1804–1863)
 Morales – Sebastiàn Alfredo de Morales (1823–1900)
 Moran – Reid Venable Moran (1916–2010)
 Morat – Philippe Morat (born 1937)
 Morawetz – Wilfried Morawetz (1951–2007)
 More – Alexander Goodman More (1830–1895)
 Moretti – Giuseppe L. Moretti (1782–1853)
 Morgan – Andrew Price Morgan (1836–1907)
 Moric. –  (1779–1854) (also known as Moïse Étienne Moricand)
 Morillo – Gilberto N. Morillo (born 1944)
 Moris – Giuseppe Giacinto Moris (1796–1869)
 Morison – Robert Morison (1620–1683)
 Moritz – Johann Wilhelm Karl Moritz (1797–1866)
 Moritzi – Alexander Moritzi (1806–1850)
 Morong – Thomas Morong (1827–1894)
 Morris – John Morris (1810–1886)
 Morrison – Alexander Morrison (1849–1913)
 Morrone –  (1957–2011)
 Mort – Mark E. Mort (fl. 2014)
 Morton – Julius Sterling Morton (1832–1902)
 Moss – Charles Edward Moss (1870–1930)
 Mosyakin – Sergei Leonidovich Mosyakin (born 1961)
 Mot.Ito – Motomi Ito (born 1956)
 Motley – James Motley (1822–1859)
 Mottet – Séraphin Joseph Mottet (1861–1930)
 Motyka – Józef Motyka (1900–1984)
 Moug. – Jean-Baptiste Mougeot (1776–1858)
 Mouill. – Pierre Mouillefert (1846–1903)
 Mouterde – Paul Mouterde (1892–1972)
 Moxley – George Loucks Moxley (1871–1963)
 M.Peck – Morton Eaton Peck (1871–1959)
 M.Prins – Marie Prins (born 1948)
 M.Proctor – Michael Charles Faraday Proctor (1929–2017)
 M.Q.Liang – Min Qing Liang (fl. 1984)
 M.R.Almeida – Marselein Rusario Almeida (1939–2017)
 M.R.Davis – M. R. Davis (fl. 1969)
 M.R.Hend. – Murray Ross Henderson (1899–1982)
 M.Roem. – Max Joseph Roemer (1791–1849)
 M.Roscoe – Margaret Roscoe (ca. 1786–1840)
 M.R.Schomb. – Moritz Richard Schomburgk (1811–1891)
 M.S.Baker – Milo Samuel Baker (1868–1961)
 M.S.Balakr. – Madura S. Balakrishnan (1917–1990)
 M.S.Br. – Margaret Sibella Brown (1866–1961)
 M.Schultze – Maximilian Johann Siegmund Schultze (1825–1874)
 M.Seq. – Miguel Pinto da Silva Menezes de Sequeira (born 1964)
 M.Serna – Marcela Serna-González (fl. 2009)
 M.Serrano – Miguel Serrano (fl. 2017)
 M.Serres – Pierre Marcel Toussaint de Serres de Mesplès (1783–1862)
 M.Simmonds – Monique S.J. Simmonds (fl. 2003)
 M.Sousa – Mario Sousa (1940–2017)
 M.S.Tang – Mo Shih Tang (fl. 2013)
 M.S.Young – Mary Sophie Young (1872–1919)
 M.Taylor – Mary Ruth Fussel Jackson Taylor (born 1908)
 M.T.Lange – Morten Thomsen Lange (1824–1875)
 M.T.Martin – Margaret Trevena Martin (born 1905)
 M.T.Mathieson – Michael T. Mathieson (fl. 2010)
 M.T.Murillo – María Teresz Murillo (1929–2017)
 M.T.Strong – Mark Tuthill Strong (born 1954)
 Mudd – William Mudd (1830–1879)
 Mudie – Robert Mudie (1777–1842)
 Muehlenbeck – Heinrich Gustav Muehlenbeck (1798–1845)
 Muehlenpf. – Philipp August Friedrich Mühlenpfordt (1803–1891)
 Muhl. – Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753–1815)
 Muirhead – Clara Winsome Muirhead (1915–1985)
 Müll.Arg. – Johannes Müller Argoviensis (1828–1896)
 Müll.Hal. – Johann Karl (Carl) August (Friedrich Wilhelm) Müller (1818–1899)
 Müll.-Thurg. – Hermann Müller (1850–1927)
 Munby – Giles Munby (1813–1876)
 Münchh. – Otto von Münchhausen (1716–1774)
 Mund – Johannes Ludwig Leopold Mund (1791–1831)
 Munn – Mancel Thornton Munn (1887–1956)
 Muñoz – Carlos Muñoz Pizarro (1913–1976)
 Munro – William Munro (1818–1880)
 Munson – Thomas Volney Munson (1843–1913)
 Munz – Philip Alexander Munz (1892–1974)
 Murb. – Svante Samuel Murbeck (1859–1946)
 Murch. – Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871)
 Murdock – Andrew G. Murdock (fl. 2008)
 Murith –  (1742–1816)
 Muroi – Hiroshi Muroi (born 1914)
 Murr – Josef Murr (1864–1932)
 Murray – Johan Andreas Murray (1740–1791)
 Muschl. – Reinhold Conrad Muschler (1882–1957)
 Mutis – José Celestino Bruno Mutis (1732–1808)
 M.V.Agab. – Mariam V. Agababjan (born 1964)
 M.Vahl –  (1869–1946) (not to be confused with Vahl – Martin Vahl (1749–1804))
 M.V.Viswan. – M.Venkatesan Viswanathan (born 1942)
 M.Walcott – Mary Morris Vaux Walcott (1860–1940)
 M.Wallis – M. Wallis (fl. 1866)
 M.W.Chase – Mark Wayne Chase (born 1951)
 M.Williams – Margot Williams (fl. 1984)
 M.W.McDonald – Maurice W. McDonald (fl. 1996)
 M.Wolff – Manfred Wolff (born 1952)

N–Z

To find entries for N–Z, use the table of contents above.

1


title: Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency

text:
Mangrol is one of the 182 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Gujarat state in India. It is part of Junagadh district.

List of segments
This assembly seat represents the following segments,

 Malia-Hatina Taluka
 Mangrol Taluka (Part) Villages – Arena, , Dhelana, Husenabad, Jamvali, Juthal, Khodada, Kotda Juna, Kotda Nava, Lambora, Lathodra, Maktupur, Mangrol (M), Mankhetra, Sakrana, Shaikhpur, Shapur, Shepa, Sheriyakhan, Sheriyaj, Virpur, Kankasa

Members of Legislative Assembly

^ : bypoll

Election results

2022

2017

2014

See also
 List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
 Gujarat Legislative Assembly

References

External links

Assembly constituencies of Gujarat
Junagadh district


title: Takashi Esaki

text:
is a Japanese politician from the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan. He serves as member of the House of Councillors as a national proportional representative.

References

1956 births
Living people
People from Yanagawa, Fukuoka
Politicians from Fukuoka Prefecture
Hosei University alumni
Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)
Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan politicians
Democratic Party of Japan politicians


title: Henry Dunker

text:
Henry Christian Louis Dunker (6 September 1870 – 3 May 1962) was a Swedish businessman and industrialist in Helsingborg, Sweden. His father was the founder of Helsingsborgs Gummifabrik AB (sv), also known as Tretorn AB, a manufacturer of rubber products which Dunker established as an international business. At the time of his death in 1962, Dunker was Sweden's wealthiest man. His fortune was donated to the improvement of the city of Helsingborg.

Early years
The Dunker family had its origin in Schleswig-Holstein. The family lived in Esbjerg, Denmark when Henry was born in 1870. Henry was two years old when his father Johan Dunker, who was an engineer at the time, was asked to lead the work and building of property at the Port of Helsingborg.

Business

In 1891, Dunker's father Johan founded Helsingsborgs Gummifabrik AB. The rubber footwear produced by the factory was of poor quality, so the younger Dunker travelled to Russia to learn how to produce better rubber. During a visit to Saint Petersburg, Russia, he did not find any new material, but in Riga, Latvia he met chemist Julius von Gerkan, who agreed to help him improve the rubber formula. His company was known for creating a rubber that was soft when cold but not sticky when the weather improved.

In 1894, Dunker took over control of the factory and, after some time, expanded the factory. In 1905, Dunker, along with Johan Kock, changed the Velox factory in Trelleborg into the Trelleborgs gummifabrik. Through a network of sales offices not only in Sweden but also in Copenhagen, Berlin and Vienna, Dunker gained better control over the distribution chain. With time, the rubber products produced by his company expanded to include tennis balls, shower caps and tires. In 1912, Dunker created a cartel with the purpose of increasing its competitive power abroad. Prices for the rubber increased in Sweden but were lowered abroad.

Dunker gave his workers free healthcare and subsidized medicine. He installed wooden floors in his factories to improve the comfort of his workers. In 1911, he started a day care facility (barnkrubban) to provide care for his employees' children during the workday, a phenomenon that began in the 1850s but was still unusual in the early 20th century.

In 1961, at 90 years of age, Dunker was still chair of the board of his company Trelleborgs Gummifabriks AB. The business employed 5,000 people and had a floor area of .

Death and legacy

Dunker was married to Gerda Sylvan (1879–1936), a daughter of the merchant August Sylvan and Gustava Eleonora Lundgren.

Dunker died in 1962 in Helsingborg. Upon his death, he willed his fortune to the Henry and Gerda Dunker Foundation which subsequently funded many improvements to Helsingborg. The Henry and Gerda Dunker Foundation, together with the Henry and Gerda Dunker Donation Fund No. 2, own the majority voting interest of Trelleborg AB. Dunker is buried at Donationskyrkogården in Helsingborg.

References

External links

1870 births
1962 deaths
Swedish business executives
Swedish industrialists
People from Esbjerg
People from Helsingborg
Danish emigrants to Sweden