title: Howard County Courthouse (Maryland)

text:
The Howard County Courthouse is a historic building in Ellicott City, Maryland that was the courthouse for Howard County's Circuit Court from 1843 to 2021.

Construction of the granite building, designed by Charles Timanus, cost $24,000 and took three years (1840–1843). It is situated on a steep hill once named Capitoline Hill on property purchased from Deborah Disney. It also went by the nickname "Mt. Misery". In 1972, local historian Charles Stein claimed that the heavy granite block construction "should continue in service for centuries".

A stone house on Main Street that was used as a temporary courthouse during construction of the permanent courthouse survived until being swept away in the 2018 Ellicott City Flood after a culvert collapsed.

In July 2021, the Circuit Court moved to a new building in Columbia, Maryland. Howard County has held public meetings and solicited concepts for reuse of the now-vacant historic courthouse and its surrounding property, but has not formally approved any definite plans.

Howard County Circuit Courthouse and administration building

By 1870, the Circuit court volume was 91 cases with 14 appeals a month. In 1938 additions were added to the courthouse. On 23 September 1948 a monument to confederate soldiers serving from Howard County was erected at the courthouse and rededicated in September 1999. In the 1960s, proponents attempted to consolidate county government on land purchased recently by The Rouse Company in its development of the city of Columbia, but did not go forward. In 1962 more additions were added to the original courthouse. In 1980 County Executive J. Hugh Nichols approved a renovation that included a 14,500 sq ft addition that connected to the Howard County Circuit Courthouse.

The Howard County Circuit Courthouse is located at 8360 Court Avenue in Ellicott City, Maryland. The courthouse houses the chambers and courtrooms for the 5 judges of the Circuit Court for Howard County, as well as the clerk's offices, jurors' assembly room, the law library and masters' offices. It has a connection to the original 1840 Howard County Courthouse, now used by the Orphan's court. A porch section is constructed from the foundation of an adjacent historic house.

The Howard County Government used the building as its headquarters of administration until the completion of the George Howard Building in 1976.

Building consolidation

The building was upgraded and expanded in the $11.3 million 1982-1986 with an addition that extended the structure to six separate levels and moved the Circuit Court entrance to the rear of the property. The law library is part of the historic Hayden house which was incorporated into the addition. The law library is on two levels. The bottom level houses the general collection and 2 computers for online use and Westlaw research. Above this level is the Maryland Room, with the Maryland collection which includes all Maryland reports and the Annotated Code of Maryland. Citing respiratory issues, in 2002, Clerk of the Circuit Court Margaret D. Rappaport had the building inspected for mold contaminants.

In 2012, The Circuit Court was proposed to be relocated to the County owned Ascend One building while $8.58 million in renovations, but was struck down by Judge Leonore Gelfman for lack of security. The rooms reconfigured for prisoners were transferred for use by Howard County Health department patients.

The courthouse featured a small concession for food service operated by various contract holders including bailbondsman Howard F Ducan, Nixon's Farm and Kiss Catering.

In 2004 Executive James N. Robey was approached by a developer then proposed selling off the Gateway Building and Bendix Building to fund a $100 million private facility that the Government would lease back on a 25-acre county owned parcel which is now the current Park View and Ellicott Crossing housing subdivisions. In 2015 Executive Kittleman proposed a $300,000 survey to compare costs of upgrades compared to new construction of a courthouse.

See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Ellicott City Jail

References

County courthouses in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Howard County, Maryland
Government buildings completed in 1843
1843 establishments in Maryland


title: James Simms (Newfoundland official)

text:
James Simms (June 3, 1780 – January 2, 1863) was a lawyer and merchant in Newfoundland. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland from 1832 to 1846 and served as Attorney General for the colony from 1827 to 1846.

The son of William and Mary Simms, he was born in Birmingham, England and was educated in West Bromwich, going on to study law in Birmingham or London. Simms arrived in Newfoundland in 1809, settling in St. John's. He practised law and also was involved in the cod trade, operating in St. John's and Twillingate. In 1825, Simms became acting Attorney General; in 1827, he was officially named to the post. Simms was opposed to representative government for the colony and often clashed with the elected assembly during his time on the Legislative Council. He served as acting chief justice for the Supreme Court in 1833 and 1844. In 1846, Simms was named an assistant judge for the Supreme Court and served in the position until 1858, when he retired due to poor health.

He retired to England, where he died at Tulse Hill, Surrey in 1863.

References

1779 births
1863 deaths
Members of the Legislative Council of Newfoundland
Attorneys-General of Newfoundland Colony
Newfoundland Colony judges
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Newfoundland


title: 1906 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1906 State of the Union Address was written by Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States, on Monday, December 3, 1906.  He did not speak directly to the 59th United States Congress.  He said, "The readiness and efficiency of both the Army and Navy in dealing with the recent sudden crisis in Cuba illustrate afresh their value to the Nation. This readiness and efficiency would have been very much less had it not been for the existence of the General Staff in the Army and the General Board in the Navy; both are essential to the proper development and use of our military forces afloat and ashore."

References

Works by Theodore Roosevelt
Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
State of the Union addresses
59th United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union


title: David Brenerman

text:
David H. Brenerman (born March 10, 1951) is an American politician from Maine. Brenerman, a Democrat, served three terms (1978-1984) in the Maine House of Representatives. He also served for three years on Portland's City Council, which included a year as ceremonial mayor. In 2013, he retired after working since 1984 with Unum. He was subsequently hired by Martin's Point Health Care as a consultant.

Brenerman grew up on Munjoy Hill and graduated from Portland High School in 1969 and Clark University in 1973. He also earned a Master's in Public Administration from the University of Maine.

In 2014, Brenerman announced he would seek to replace the retiring John Coyne for District 5 on Portland's City Council.  On November 4, Brenerman won the District 5 seat unopposed. On December 1, he was sworn in as a member of the Portland, Maine City Council.

External links
 Brenerman's Comments before Maine Legislative Committee on Health Care Reform November 1, 2011

References

1951 births
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Portland, Maine City Council members
Mayors of Portland, Maine
Clark University alumni
University of Maine alumni
Portland High School (Maine) alumni


title: Kayo Shri Gowri

text:
Kayou Shri Gowri (ಕಾಯೌ ಶ್ರೀ ಗೌರಿ) was the official state anthem of the Kingdom of Mysore, under the rule of the Wadiyar dynasty. The anthem was composed by Basavappa Shastry (1843-1891), the court poet of the Mysore Court under the rule of Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X, who reigned between 1868 and 1894.

History
In 1831, the Kingdom of Mysore was taken over by the British Raj. The king, Chamarajendra Wadiyar X ordered Basavappa Shastry, the court poet, to compose an anthem for the state.

A favourite of the Maharaja, the anthem was played when Rabindranath Tagore visited Bengaluru in 1919 to deliver his speech on the “Message of the Forests.” He had come to the city at the invitation of Albion Bannerjee who was the first counsellor under the Royal Diwan, M. Kantaraj Urs.  It is believed, Tagore's song “Anondo Loke” was heavily inspired by “Kayou Shri Gowri”.

The anthem is still in use today, by the erstwhile royal family of Mysore, led by Maharaja Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar. It is mostly played at the Mysore Palace, when the king attends a festival or procession. It is also used and saluted by the Maharaja during the Mysore Dasara festival.

Lyrics

Music
The anthem is set in Raga Kalyani (Carnatic) and Yaman (Hindustani). The western chords are in C major (Ionian mode). The anthem gained immense popularity and for a while was sung by school children across the state as their morning prayer.

References

Kingdom of Mysore
National anthems


title: Fatuma Ibrahim Ali

text:
Fatuma Ibrahim Ali () is a Kenyan politician. She has been a Commissioner of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. Ali was a Member of the 11th Session of the Kenyan Parliament representing the Wajir County. She was elected to the position in March 2013 on an Orange Democratic Movement ticket. She is currently a member of the 4th Assembly (2017- 2022), of the East African Legislative Assembly representing Kenya. She is of Somali ethnicity.

References

Living people
Ethnic Somali people
Kenyan people of Somali descent
Members of the 11th Parliament of Kenya
Members of the East African Legislative Assembly
21st-century Kenyan women politicians
21st-century Kenyan politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Leigh Ashton (museum director)

text:
Sir Arthur Leigh Bolland Ashton  (1897–1983) was a British art historian and director of the Victoria and Albert Museum.

Early life
Ashton was the son of the jurist A. J. Ashton KC, a court recorder in Manchester. He was educated at Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford.

Career
In 1945, he was appointed director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, taking over from Eric Maclagan.

Ashton retired in 1955, and was succeeded by Trenchard Cox.

Personal life
In 1952, he married the fashion editor and academic Madge Garland, in a marriage of convenience. They divorced in 1962, and had no children.

References

1897 births
1983 deaths
Directors of the Victoria and Albert Museum
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford


title: Bhaben Barua

text:
Bhaben Barua is an Assamese poet born in 1939.

Biography
Barua was born 16 February 1939 at Janji, in the Jorhat sub-division of the Sibasagar district.

Education
He attended Boragaon Village Primary School (Janji) for four years (1944 to 1947), and Bamunpukhuri High School (Janji)(1948 to 1951). He passed the M. E. Standards in the First Division from the Jorhat Sub-division. He studied at Cotton Collegiate School (Guwahati) from 1952 to 1956 and passed in 1956 the Matriculation Examination in the first division with a merit scholarship. From 1958 to 1960 he studied art at Jagannath Barua College (Jorhat) on a merit scholarship. He got his BA in English from Schotish Church College (Calcutta) in 1960. Starting in 1961 he studied for his MA in English literature at Delhi University, and graduated in 1963.

Career
He worked for a year as a high school teacher, and then as a news reader for All India Radio, Delhi (1961–1963). He became a lecturer in English literature at the Punjabi University of Patiala in 1963, and joined the Gauhati University in 1964, whence he retired as Professor of English in 2003. From 1998 to 2000 he was a fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

Publications
(i)	Poetry (in Axomiya)
(ii)	Literary Criticism (in Axomiya as well as English)
(iii)	Philosophy (in Axomiya as well as English)
(iv)	History (in Axomiya as well as English)
(v)	Many Lectures on English Language, English Literature and American Literature in the post-Graduate Department of Gauhati University (1964–2003).
(vi)	Editor of (a) Sanglap (in Axomiya), (b) Assam Quarterly (In English), (c) Assam Academy Review (In English), (d) Journal of the University of Gauhati : Arts (in English) (Maheswar Neog and Bhaben Barua jointly edited the two volumes of this journal), (e) Sudarshan (in English), (f) Natun Parjyayar Sanglap (in Axomiya)
(vii)	Organizations : (1) Muktadhara, (2) Axom Darshan Sangstha, (3) Sudarshan (2001), (4) Pragjyotish Foundation (2009)

Awards
Assam Publication Board Literary Award, 1978 - for the book of poems "Sonali Jahaj".
Sahitya Akademi Award, 1979 - for "Sonali Jahaj" (the first book of the post-second world war Modern Axomiya Poetry to receive this award)
5th Padmanath Vidyabinod Memorial Literary Award (2014)

Bibliography
(Natun Prithivi (in Assamese), published when he was studying in class VIII)
(i)	Sonali Jahaj (in Assamese)
(ii)	Pondharata Kabita (in Assamese)
(iii)	Baga Jui Kola Jui Aru Anyanya Kabita (in Assamese)
(iv)	Axomiya Kabita : Rupantarar Parba (in Assamese)
(v)	Axomiya Kabita : Bivartanar Parba (in Assamese)
(vi)	Prasanga : Kabita (in Assamese)
(vii)	Prasanga : Banikanta (in Assamese)
(viii)	Prasanga : Jyotiprasad (in Assamese)
(ix)	Prasanga : Bhabendranath (in Assamese)
(x)	Axomor Bouddhik Duravasthar Prasangat (in Assamese)
(xi)	Language and the National Question in Northeast India (in English)
(xii)	Science, Poetry and Politics (in English)

References

Living people
1939 births
Year of birth uncertain
Assamese-language poets
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Assamese


title: Fourway, Virginia

text:
Fourway, Virginia may refer to:
Fourway, Rappahannock County, Virginia
Fourway, Tazewell County, Virginia


title: 1901 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1901 State of the Union Address was given on Tuesday, December 3, 1901, by the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt.  It was presented to both houses of the 57th United States Congress, but he was not present.  He stated, "The Congress assembles this year under the shadow of a great calamity. On the sixth of September, President McKinley was shot by an anarchist while attending the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, and died in that city on the fourteenth of that month." He concluded it with, "Indeed, from every quarter of the civilized world we received, at the time of the President's death, assurances of such grief and regard as to touch the hearts of our people. In the midst of our affliction we reverently thank the Almighty that we are at peace with the nations of mankind; and we firmly intend that our policy shall be such as to continue unbroken these international relations of mutual respect and good will."

References

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
Works by Theodore Roosevelt
57th United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
December 1901 events
State of the Union
Assassination of William McKinley


title: Media in Lincoln, Nebraska

text:
Lincoln is a major media center in Nebraska. The following is a list of outlets based in media serving the Lincoln metropolitan area in the city.

Print

Newspapers
The Lincoln Journal Star is the city's primary newspaper, published daily.  Other newspapers published in Lincoln include:
 Clocktower, Union College student paper
 Daily Nebraskan, University of Nebraska–Lincoln student paper, daily
 The Dailyer Nebraskan, University of Nebraska–Lincoln satirical student paper, bi-weekly

Radio
In its Fall 2013 ranking of radio markets by population, Arbitron ranked Lincoln 168th in the United States. Due to Lincoln's proximity to Omaha, local listeners can also receive the signal of several radio stations broadcasting from the Omaha radio market.

Lincoln radio stations gets 19 Analog FM stations, 4 Digital HD Radio FM stations including 4 subchannels Like HD-2 and HD-3, 3 Analog AM stations, and No Digital HD Radio AM stations in this Lincoln Metro area.

The following is a list of radio stations licensed to and/or broadcasting from Lincoln:

AM

FM

Television
Lincoln is a principal city of the Lincoln-Hastings-Kearney television market. The market includes the central portion of Nebraska as well as several counties in north-central Kansas. Due to Lincoln's proximity to Omaha, local viewers can also receive the signal of most television stations broadcasting in the Omaha television market.

The following is a list of television stations that broadcast from and/or are licensed to the city.

Lincoln TV stations gets 5 Full-powered Digital channels including 10 subchannels and 2 Low-powered Digital channels including 3 subchannels.

References

Lincoln
Mass media in Nebraska


title: Surya Roshni

text:
Surya Roshni Limited (formerly Prakash Surya Roshni Limited) is an Indian multinational company headquartered in Delhi that produces fans, steel, lighting, LED, kitchen appliances  and PVC pipes. Surya exports its products over 44 countries and is one of the top manufacturers of LED lights in India.

History
Surya Roshni Limited was established by B.D. Agarwal in 1973 as a tube making unit. Today it also manufactures LEDs, Lighting, PVC Fans. The company's current chairman is the Padma Shri awardee Jai Prakash Agarwal.

Manufacturing plants
Surya Roshni's steel division is called Surya Steel Pipes with steel manufacturing plants in Bhuj (Gujarat), Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) and its primary steel plant in Bahadurgarh, Haryana. It also has a pipes and lighting production facility at Shimoga, Karnataka. It started commercial production on 1 March 2017 at their new steel pipe plant with an investment of 70 crore at Hindupur industrial area, Andhra Pradesh. Surya's lighting plant is in Kashipur, Uttarakhand and Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh). Additionally, the company has set up a R&D centre for LED lights in Uttarakhand.

References

Manufacturing companies based in Delhi
Steel companies of India
1973 establishments in Delhi
Indian companies established in 1973
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange


title: Frederick Hardman

text:
Frederick Hardman (1814–1874) was an English journalist and novelist.

Life
He was the son of Joseph Hardman, a London merchant from Manchester, who knew Samuel Taylor Coleridge and contributed to Blackwood's Magazine. On leaving Whitehead's school at Ramsgate, he entered the counting-house of his maternal uncle Rougemont, a London merchant.

In 1834 Hardman joined the Auxiliary Legion as lieutenant in the second Lancers. Severely wounded in one of the last engagements of the First Carlist War, he passed his convalescence at Toulouse. On returning to England he became a regular contributor to Blackwood.

A critical review of the Salon de Paris which Hardman sent to The Times led to his being taken on about 1850 as a foreign correspondent. He was first at Madrid, and was in Constantinople during the Russo-Turkish war of 1853. In the Crimean War that followed, he wrote about the drunkenness in the British Army after the suspension of hostilities.

Hardman went on to the Danubian Principalities, advised Cavour at Turin, and witnessed the campaigns in the Second Italian War of Independence, Hispano-Moroccan War, and Second Schleswig War. He was at Tours and Bordeaux in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1, and was at Rome in 1871-3.

Succeeding Laurence Oliphant as chief correspondent of The Times in Paris, Hardman died there on 6 November 1874.

Works
Hardman's first article (1840) was an account of an expedition with the guerilla chief Martín Zurbano. It was reprinted with other papers in Peninsular Scenes and Sketches. The Student of Salamanca, a novel, was also reprinted, and Tales from Blackwood contains nine of his shorter stories. In 1849 he edited Thomas Hamilton's Annals of the Peninsular Campaign, in 1852 he published Central America, and in 1854 he translated Charles Weiss's History of the French Protestant Refugees.

Notes

Attribution

External links

1814 births
1874 deaths
English male journalists
19th-century English novelists
19th-century British journalists
English male novelists
19th-century male writers
British Auxiliary Legion personnel


The 1936–37 Stanford Indians men's basketball team represented Stanford University during the 1936–37 NCAA men's basketball season in the United States. The head coach was John Bunn, coaching in his seventh season with the Indians (now known as the Cardinal). The team finished the season with a 25–2 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll.

Hank Luisetti led the NCAA in scoring, was named a consensus All-American for the second consecutive season, and was named the Helms Foundation National Player of the Year. Luisetti was later inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

The National Invitation Tournament (NIT) debuted the next year, and the NCAA tournament in 1939.

Schedule and results

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#8C1515; color:white;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=6 style=| Pacific Coast Conference Playoff Series

Source

References

Stanford Cardinal men's basketball seasons
Stanford
NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament championship seasons
Stanford Indians Men's Basketball Team
Stanford Indians Men's Basketball Team


title: Fourway, Tazewell County, Virginia

text:
Fourway, also known as Burkes Garden Siding, is a former unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Virginia, that has been annexed by the town of Tazewell. It includes the intersection of U.S. Route 19/460 Business with State Route 61.

References

Unincorporated communities in Tazewell County, Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia


title: Thomas Astley

text:
Thomas Astley (died 1759) was a bookseller and publisher in London in the 18th century. He ran his business from Saint Paul's Churchyard (circa 1726-1742) and Paternoster Row (circa 1745). He belonged to the Company of Stationers. He published the celebrated Voyages and Travels which described localities in Africa and Asia, compiling information from travel books by John Atkins, Jean Barbot, Willem Bosman, Theodor de Bry, Francis Moore, Jean-Baptiste Labat, Godefroi Loyer, Thomas Phillips, William Smith, and Nicolas Villaut de Bellefond. It included engravings by G. Child and Nathaniel Parr. Astley intended his Voyages to improve upon the previous travel collections of Samuel Purchas, John Harris, and Awnsham & John Churchill. It was read by patrons of Hookham's Circulating Library, Boosey's circulating library, London Institution, Royal Institution, Salem Athenaeum, and Cape Town public library. Astley's Voyages was translated into German () and French ().

Titles issued by Astley
 London Magazine

  + Index
 v.1 (via Google Books). "First voyages of the Portugueze to the East Indies, 1418-1546. First voyages of the English to Guinea, and the East Indies, 1552-1598. First voyages of the English to the East Indies, set forth by the company of merchants, 1600-1620. Voyages to Africa and the islands adjacent, 1455-1721"
 v.2 (via University of Virginia). "Voyages and travels along the western coast of Africa, 1637-1735. Voyages and travels to Guinea and Benin, 1666-1726. Description of Guinea"
 v.3. "Voyages and travels to Guinea, Benin, Kongo and Angola. Description of Loango, Kongo, Angola, Benguela, and adjacent countries. Description of the countries along the eastern coast of Africa, from Cape of Good Hope to Cape Guarda Fuy. Voyages and travels in China, 1655-1722"
 v.4 (via Google Books). "Description of China, of Korea, eastern Tartary and Tibet. Travels through Tartary, Tibet, and Bukhâria, to and from China, 1246-1698" + Table of contents
  (facsimile reprint)

References

Further reading

External links

 Digital Public Library of America. Digitized images from Astley's Voyages

Publishers (people) from London
English booksellers
1759 deaths
Year of birth unknown


title: Art and Soul Oakland

text:
Art + Soul Oakland is an annual summer art and music festival held in downtown Oakland, California, first held in 2001. It is held in and around Frank Ogawa Plaza. Past performers have included Zendaya, Lisa Loeb, Leela James, Vintage Trouble, Con Funk Shun, Tristan Prettyman, Pacific Mambo Orchestra, San Francisco-based Luce, Lyrics Born, Meshell Ndegeocello, Souls of Mischief, and Los Rakas.

References

External links

Art + Soul Oakland website
official trailer for Art + Soul Oakland 2012 at YouTube

Festivals in the San Francisco Bay Area
Culture of Oakland, California
2000 establishments in California
Music of the San Francisco Bay Area
PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award winners


title: Alpesh Dhakan

text:
Alpesh Dhakan (born 25 February 1985) is an Indian television actor known for having portrayed the role of Lord Ganesha in the mythological drama serial, Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev that aired on Life OK from 2011 to 2014. He is also known for playing the role of Saurabh Bose in the drama series, Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi.

Career
Dhakan began his acting career with a small role in the play, Achalayatan (The Immovable), by Rabindranath Tagore in September 2008. His second play was Muktidhaam in 2009. From 2010 to 2011, he appeared in the VRG Drama, Gandhi Before Gandhi at the JAINA Convention in Antwerp and subsequent shows in Indian cities such as Ahmedabad, Mumbai, and Hyderabad.

Dhakan's first television appearance came in 2011, with him landing the role of the youngest son of the Uttank family in the serial Sanskaar Laxmi, which aired on Zee TV. In 2012, he appeared in Parichay — Nayee Zindagi Kay Sapno Ka on Colors TV, Kya Hua Tera Vadaa on Sony and F.I.R. on Sab TV. In 2013, he worked in Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava and Savitri, both on Life OK. In November 2013, he appeared in the role of Lord Ganesha in the  mythological series, Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev on Life OK. He has played minor roles in Rakshak on Life OK in 2013, Emotional Atyachar on Channel V in 2013, Comedy Nights with Kapil on Colors TV in 2014, and Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi on Sony TV  from 2016 to 2017. Makers Won't Confirm That He will Part Of Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi Season 3.

Dhakan appeared in Kevi Rite Jaish, a 2012 Gujarati drama film directed by Abhishek Jain. His movie Yaan was a Tamil action thriller film directed by the cinematographer, Ravi K. Chandran, where he plays the role of Vikas.

References
Ganesha in 'Mahadev' set to be replaced

Indian television male child actors
Indian male stage actors
1985 births
Living people


title: Boulder County Poor Farm

text:
Boulder County Poor Farm is the site of a poor farm in Boulder County, Colorado, where long-term care for the county's indigent was provided from 1902 to 1918.   The site was operating as a farm from 1897, and many of the original farm buildings are still present, including a main house built in Queen Anne style.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

Starting in 1875, Boulder County leased a series of properties to serve as the county poorhouse.   In 1902, the  farm on today's 63rd Street was purchased to house the institution; many modifications were made to the farm house, including the construction of a two-story dormitory annex.  By 1918, a larger building was needed, and the institution was moved to another location. The farm was sold and returned to private operation.

References

Buildings and structures in Boulder County, Colorado
Poor farms
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado


title: Nicotiana langsdorffii

text:
Nicotiana langsdorffii, Langsdorff's tobacco, is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to Brazil.
Growing to  tall by  broad, it is an annual plant with large sticky leaves up to
 long. It bears  long, nodding, tubular bell-shaped flowers that are apple green in colour, with blue anthers. N. langsdorfii lacks fragrance, unlike some of the other tall species. It is grown as an ornamental garden plant.

Like other species in the genus, N. langsdorffii can cause severe discomfort and irritation if consumed.

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.

Etymology
The species name langsdorffii is in honour of G. I. Langsdorff, who was the Russian Consul in Rio de Janeiro. Langsdorf was responsible for an expedition to explore the interior of Brazil in the 1820s.

References

Tobacco
langsdorffii
Garden plants


title: James Edward Le Rossignol

text:
James Edward Le Rossignol (24 October 1866 – 4 December 1959) was a Canadian-born American professor of economics with a particular interest in socialism, and also the author of several works of fiction with settings in Quebec.

Life

James Edward Le Rossignol was born on 24 October 1866 in Quebec City, the son of Peter Le Rossignol and Mary (Gillispie) Le Rossignol. His father was born on the Jersey Channel Islands
He was educated at the Montreal High School and Huntington academy.
He went on to McGill University in Montreal, Leipzig University in Germany and Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, earning a B.A.. Ph.D.. and LL.D.
In 1898 he married Jessie Katherine Ross.

Le Rossignol was a professor of economics at the University of Denver in 1907.
He was appointed professor of economics at the University of Nebraska in 1911, and director of the School of Commerce  from 1913 to 1919.
In 1919 he was appointed dean of the College of Business Administration.
He wrote works on economics as well as several books of short stories and the novel Jean Baptiste (1915).
Le Rossignol died on 4 December 1959.

Writings

Le Rossignol's 1901 Monopolies Past and Present, said to "provide an historical introduction to the study of monopolies for the use of busy men", covered  ancient monopolies, gilds, exclusive trading companies, patents, municipal monopolies, railways and capitalistic monopolies. A reviewer said that "it seems to be tolerably well adapted to the needs of the larger constituency for which it was designed."
The book was criticized for poor coverage of joint stock undertakings and development of the business corporation.
It presented the standard arguments for industrial combinations.

A review of Le Rossignol's 1907 Orthodox Socialism said, "One of our ablest writers on economics here defines broadly the creed of socialism, and points out its weaknesses. Strikes, labor unions, the struggle of mass with class, and the perpetual questions of wages and profit come in for their share of intelligent attention. The book is worth pondering over by every earnest voter".
Talking of Karl Marx's theory of value, La Rossignol wrote, "Orthodox socialists are deeply concerned to prove it true, for if it can be shown that all values are created by labor alone, it must surely follow that all should belong to the hand and brain that created them."

Le Rossignol was at the University of Denver when he published his 1910 book on State Socialism in New Zealand, co-authored with William Downie Stewart Jr, a barrister in Dunedin, New Zealand.
A reviewer said the authors had achieved their very laudable aim of showing the "workings of the various social experiments as they are without exaggeration of concealment."
The reviewer called the book "an illuminating study of the remarkable series of instructive experiments in socialistic legislation, for which New Zealand has become conspicuous, together with that Australian Commonwealth, which is its nearest neighbour."

Peter Haworth and his wife Bobs Cogill Haworth jointly illustrated Le Rossignol's The Habitant Merchant (1939), a collection of short stories.

Bibliography

Non-fiction
 (1892). The Ethical Philosophy of Samuel Clarke.
 (1901). Monopolies Past and Present.
 (1902). Taxation in Colorado.
 (1903). History of Higher Education in Colorado.
 (1907). Orthodox Socialism.
 (1910). State Socialism in New Zealand (with William Downie Stewart).
 (1921). What is Socialism?
 (1923). Economics for Everyman.
 (1926). First Economics.
 (1940). From Marx to Stalin.
 (1943). Inflation and How to Scotch It.

Selected articles
 (1912). "The March of Socialism," The University Magazine, Vol. XI, pp. 429–445.

Fiction
 (1908). Little Stories of Old Quebec (short stories).
 (1915). Jean Baptiste: A Story of French Canada.
 (1928). The Beauport Road (Tales of Old Quebec, short stories).
 (1929). The Flying Canoe (La Chasse-Galerie, short stories).
 (1939). The Habitant-Merchant (short stories).

References
Citations

Sources

External links

 Works by James Edward Le Rossignol, at Hathi Trust
 Works by James Edward Le Rossignol, at JSTOR

1866 births
1959 deaths
American economists
High School of Montreal alumni
McGill University alumni
Canadian emigrants to the United States


title: Danny Sheldon

text:
Danny Sheldon was mayor of Brighton and Hove in 1974.

Sheldon's parents came to Brighton from Wales during the Great Depression.  They had two children: Danny and his brother Bill Sheldon, both of whom entered politics, Danny as a Conservative and Bill in the Labour Party.  Danny Sheldon represented King's Cliff ward in the Kemp Town council, where he oversaw the building of the Prince Regent swimming pool at a time when Brighton lacked public swimming facilities.

Sheldon became the first mayor of the new borough of Brighton after the local government reorganization in 1974. His passion for his town led to confrontations within the East Sussex County Council. He was deselected by the Conservative Party, and contested further elections as an independent at both the borough and county level.

Sheldon died of cancer in 1982 at age 64.

References

People from Brighton and Hove
1982 deaths


The Strengthening Transparency in Higher Education Act () is a bill that would reserve $1 million from funding for the United States Department of Education to replace the current College Navigator website with a new website and change the type of information that the website would need to provide. The bill also would amend the requirements for the department’s net-price calculator, which provides details on the costs of post-secondary education. The purpose of the bill is to help students get the facts they need to make a wise decision about where to go to college.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Strengthening Transparency in Higher Education Act would amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) to eliminate the restriction of college cost calculations to those costs incurred by first-time students.

The bill would eliminate the requirement that the United States Secretary of Education make publicly available on the College Navigator website: (1) college affordability and transparency lists, and (2) state higher education spending charts.

The bill would require that the Secretary develop, annually update, and make publicly available a College Dashboard website that displays the following information regarding each institution of higher education (IHE) participating in the programs under title IV (Student Assistance) of the HEA:

a link to the IHE's website;
an identification of the IHE's type;
the number of students enrolled at the IHE;
the student-faculty ratio;
the percentage of degree- or certificate-seeking undergraduate students at the IHE who obtain a certificate within the normal time for completing their program, within 150% of that time period, and within 200% of that time period;
the average net price per year for undergraduate students at the IHE and a link to the net price calculator for the IHE;
the average student loan debt incurred by undergraduate students in the course of obtaining a certificate or degree from the IHE;
the IHE's cohort default rate; and
a link to national and regional data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on starting salaries in all major occupations.

The bill would direct the Secretary to publish more detailed and disaggregated IHE information regarding student enrollment, completion rates, costs, and use of financial aid on Internet web pages that are linked to through the College Dashboard website.

The bill would require the Secretary to: (1) include on the College Dashboard website a function enabling users to easily compare information between IHEs, and (2) provide each student who submits a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) with a link to the web page of the College Dashboard website that contains information for each IHE on the student's FAFSA.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Education and the Workforce on July 10, 2014. This is a public domain source.

H.R. 4983 would reserve $1 million from funding for the United States Department of Education to replace the current College Navigator website with a new website and change the type of information that the website would need to provide. The bill also would amend the requirements for the department’s net-price calculator, which provides details on the costs of post-secondary education.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing H.R. 4983 would require $1 million for administrative costs for the department over the 2015-2019 period, assuming the availability of appropriated funds.

Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

H.R. 4983 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments.

Procedural history
The Strengthening Transparency in Higher Education Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on June 26, 2014 by Rep. Virginia Foxx (R, NC-5). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce. It was reported (amended) on July 17, 2014 alongside House Report 113-530. The House voted on July 23, 2014 to pass the bill in a voice vote.

Debate and discussion
The House Education Committee, which passed the bill, described that bill as one that "would improve consumer information to provide a more complete picture of all student populations, streamline existing transparency efforts at the federal level to reduce confusion for students, and require better coordination by federal agencies to avoid duplication and confusion." According to the Committee, the legislation will address the problem of students struggling to choose a college but being unable to sort through all of the available data.

According to Adjunct Action, the bill will "require universities to reveal important information about the working conditions of adjunct faculty, who are now the majority of faculty in higher education." Service Employees International Union International President Mary Kay Henry supported the bill, saying that "it's good to see Congress is interested in shining a spotlight on trends in higher education that have marginalized contingent and part-time faculty."

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
Education in the United States

References

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 4983
beta.congress.gov H.R. 4983
GovTrack.us H.R. 4983
OpenCongress.org H.R. 4983
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4983
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 4983

Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
Proposed legislation of the 114th United States Congress
United States proposed federal education legislation


title: John Stockdale Hardy

text:
John Stockdale Hardy (1793–1849) was an English legal practitioner known as an antiquary.

Life
Born at Leicester 7 October 1793, he was the only child of William Hardy, a manufacturer there. After education in a private school in Leicester, he was admitted a proctor and notary public, and became a practitioner in the ecclesiastical courts.

On the death of his maternal uncle William Harrison, Hardy succeeded him as registrar of the archdeaconry court of Leicester, of the court of the commissary of the Bishop of Lincoln, and of the court of the peculiar and exempt jurisdiction of the manor and soke of Rothley. In 1826 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.

Hardy was known for his anti-Catholic polemics. In 1828 George Kenyon, 2nd Baron Kenyon  and Lord Howe used him as a campaigner, in an effort to turn Leicestershire against Catholic emancipation. He retained all his legal appointments till his death at Leicester on 19 July 1849.

Works
Hardy's Literary Remains were collected by John Gough Nichols, and published at Westminster in 1852. They included essays on ecclesiastical law, essays and speeches on political questions, and biographical, literary, and miscellaneous essays.

Notes

Attribution

1793 births
1849 deaths
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
English essayists
People from Leicester
19th-century English lawyers


title: Institute of Marine Biology

text:
The Institute of Marine Biology is a research institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which located in Odesa, Ukraine. The institute is organized on the base of the Odesa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas.

History

The institute was established on December 21, 1953, as the Odesa Biological Station of the Institute of hydrobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR. When the Sevastopol Biological Station was reorganised in the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas in 1963, the Biological Station in Odesa was also reorganised in the Odesa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas by the special resolution No. 796 at June 11, 1963. During the long period (1953-1963), the head of the biological station, and then the head of the branch, was professor Konstantin Vinogradov. Later, from 1972 to 1989 Professor Yuvenali Zaitsev was the head of the branch. During 1989-1994 the branch was ruled by geographer, Professor Oleksandr Bronfman, but Yuvenali Zaitsev started to be the most famous researcher of the institute. In 1994-2019 professor Borys Aleksandrov is the head of the institute.

The Odesa branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas was reorganized into the Institute of Marine Biology by the resolution #161 of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, dated July 2, 2014. The resolution started to be valued from August 2, 2014.

The scientific direction
The main scientific direction of the institute is the complex study of the different approaches of biology and ecology of marine ecosystems. Among them:
 The ecology of water body subjects to the influence of large port-industrial complexes and communal agglomerations.
 The hydrobiological amelioration and restoration of damaged ecosystems.
 The mathematical modeling of aquatic ecosystems for the purpose of  obtaining unbiased diagnosis and prognosis of their state
 The creation of computer bases of ecological data on the north-western Black Sea shelf, coastal areas, lagoons and estuaries of the Danube-Dniester interfluve.
The institute elaborates the modern methods of the sampling and processing of the hydrobiological samples, new methods of the analyzing of the scientific information. The institute provides scientific expertise, improves the methods of protection and management of ecosystems and their sustainable development. The Institute provides training of scientific personnel by the post-graduate and post-doc studies on the hydrobiological and zoological specialisations.

References

Sources
 Odesa Branch of O. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas
 REEF: Odesa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (OBIBSS)

Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Pushkinska Street, Odesa
Science and technology in Odesa
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1953
1953 establishments in the Soviet Union
Biological research institutes


title: David Torrence (athlete)

text:
David Torrence (November 26, 1985 – August 28, 2017) was a Peruvian-American middle-distance runner and indoor American record holder in the 1000 meters (active). Born in Okinawa, Japan, Torrence was raised in Tarzana, California. After graduating from Loyola High School in 2003, he went on to run for the University of California, Berkeley and Hoka One One. Torrence represented Peru at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Running career

High school
Torrence ran cross country and track at Loyola High School in Los Angeles. During his junior year, he ran personal bests of 2:01 in the 800m, 4:35 in the 1600m, and 10:01 in the 3200m. He improved significantly during his senior year, improving in all three of those distances and winning state titles. By the end of his senior year, his personal bests had lowered to 1:58 in the 800m, 4:11 in the 1600m, and 9:05 in the 3200m. Also during his senior year, he led his team to a state and CIF cross country title in the fall while placing 3rd in the 1600m at the CIF California State Meet during the outdoor track season. By the end of the year, he ranked in the top ten in the state for both the 1600m and the 3200m.

Collegiate
In college, Torrence competed for the University of California, Berkeley. In his cross country season in 2003, he placed 44th at the Pac-10 Championships and 73rd at the NCAA West Regional with times of 26:28 and 31:36, respectively. In 2004, he won the National Junior Championships in the 1500m, qualifying for the World Junior Championships. There, he set the UC Berkeley freshman record in the 1500m with a time of 3:43.62. Later on his career, at the Brutus Hamilton Invitational in 2006, he ran a 4:07.55 in the mile. In his final year of cross country at UC Berkeley, he made the All-West Region team, finishing 13th at the West Regional. This qualified him for the NCAA Cross Country Championships in which he placed 92nd out of 250. His final track season at Berkeley was one of success, improving upon his personal bests at multiple distances. He set the mile record for his school with a time of 3:58.62 at the California Collegiate Challenge. At the PAC-10 Championships he set a PB in the 800m with a time of 1:49.87, but would go on to lower his best time in three more events that season: the 1500m at the USA Championships with a time of 3:40.8, the 3000m at the Big Meet with a time of 8:16.63, and the 5000m at the Stanford Invitational with a time of 13:59.65.

Professional
Success came for Torrence shortly after leaving college. At the 2009 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished 17th in a time of 3:42.40. He won the USA Road Mile championships at the Medtronic TC 1 Mile in 2009, and would go on to win it again twice more in the two years after.

2010 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished 4th in a tactical 1500 meters in a time of 3:51.80.

At the 2011 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished 6th in the 1500 meters in a time of 3:48.31.

In 2012, he won the Falmouth Mile with a time of 3:55.79. Later that year, he set a personal best (that remains as his personal best today) in the mile at the Pre Classic with a 3:52.01, making him the fastest American that year in the mile. At the 2012 United States Trials, Torrence finished sixth in the 1500 meters in a time of 3:37.70.

At the 2013 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished seventh in a tactical 1500 meters with a time of 3:46.26. His 2013 season got off to a late start due to an injury but, regardless of this, he was still able to have a relatively successful year, despite Torrence feeling like he could do better. He ultimately set his sights on the American record in the road 5k. He made an attempt at the record that fall at the Silicon Valley Turkey Trot, but he finished with a time of 13:33, 9 seconds shy of the 13:24 record.

Torrence had a record setting indoor season in 2014, setting the American Record for the indoor 1000m, the World Record in the indoor 4x800 and also running under the previous American Record in the 2000m, although Bernard Lagat was able to run even faster that same race and take the record. Torrence split a 3:36 1500 meters in the 4 × 1500 meters at the IAAF World Relays on May 25, 2014, to help United States finish 2nd only to Kenya. At the 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished seventeenth in a tactical 1500 meters with a time of 3:45.35. After previously running for Nike, on November 25, 2014, it was announced that he had signed with Hoka One One.

At the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Torrence finished fifth in a tactical 5000 meters with a time of 13:52.24. A week later, at the Portland Summer Twilight, Torrence took the 800m win over Chad Noelle of Oklahoma State University with a time of 1:48.04 (Noelle went 1:48.06).
Torrence won the 2015 national title at the United States 5k road championships.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) confirmed that the athlete David Torrence, an American, was enabled to compete defending Peru in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, accessing request for a change of nationality as the athlete had requested through the Committee Olympic Peruano – June 2, 2016.
Torrence qualified to the final in a national record in 13:23.20 at Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres.

Torrence set the Peru record in the mile run on June 1, 2017, when he won the event at the Massachusetts-based Adrian Martinez Classic in 3 minutes, 53.21 seconds. He broke the 1,500-meter record 17 days later when he ran 3:34.67 to finish eighth at the Stockholm Diamond League meet in Sweden.

Death
Torrence was found dead in a swimming pool in Scottsdale, Arizona, on August 28, 2017, at the age of 31. His death was ruled as accidental drowning.

References

External links

1985 births
2017 deaths
Sportspeople from Okinawa Prefecture
People from Tarzana, Los Angeles
Track and field athletes from Los Angeles
American male middle-distance runners
American sportspeople of Peruvian descent
Peruvian male middle-distance runners
Peruvian people of American descent
Sportspeople of American descent
Pan American Games track and field athletes for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Peru
World Athletics indoor record holders (relay)
World Athletics Championships athletes for Peru
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Deaths by drowning in the United States


title: List of freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka

text:
Sri Lanka is an island close to the southern end of India with a tropical environment. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about two million species of arthropods found in the world, and still it is counting with many new species still being discovered. It is very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.

The following list provide the freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka.

Freshwater crabs
Phylum: Arthropoda   Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca  Order: Decapoda

Sri Lanka's freshwater crab fauna is extremely important to the island, due to its endemism. All recorded 51 species, along with five genera, are totally endemic to Sri Lanka. 98% of those crabs are IUCN categorized as threatened, endangered or critically endangered animals due to habitat declining, capturing for food, illegal collecting and exotic species.

Family: Gecarcinucidae

 Ceylonthelphusa alpina
 Ceylonthelphusa armata
 Ceylonthelphusa callista
 Ceylonthelphusa cavatrix
 Ceylonthelphusa diva
 Ceylonthelphusa durrelli
 Ceylonthelphusa kandambyi
 Ceylonthelphusa kotagama
 Ceylonthelphusa nata
 Ceylonthelphusa orthos
 Ceylonthelphusa rugosa
 Ceylonthelphusa savitriae
 Ceylonthelphusa sentosa
 Ceylonthelphusa sanguinea
 Ceylonthelphusa soror
 Ceylonthelphusa venusta
 Clinothelphusa kakoota
 Mahatha adonis
 Mahatha helaya
 Mahatha iora
 Mahatha lacuna
 Mahatha ornatipes
 Mahatha regina
 Oziotelphusa ceylonensis
 Oziotelphusa dakuna
 Oziotelphusa gallicola
 Oziotelphusa hippocastanum
 Oziotelphusa intuta
 Oziotelphusa kodagoda
 Oziotelphusa mineriyaensis
 Oziotelphusa populosa
 Oziotelphusa ritigala
 Oziotelphusa stricta
 Pastilla dacuna
 Perbrinckia fenestra
 Perbrinckia cracens
 Perbrinckia enodis
 Perbrinckia fido
 Perbrinckia gabadagei
 Perbrinckia glabra
 Perbrinckia integra
 Perbrinckia morayensis
 Perbrinckia punctata
 Perbrinckia quadratus
 Perbrinckia rosae
 Perbrinckia scansor - only tree climbing crab in Sri Lanka.
 Perbrinckia scitula
 Perbrinckia uva
 Spiralothelphusa fernandoi
 Spiralothelphusa parvula

References

Bibliography

External links
 Slendemics.net
 Bailamn.blogspot.com
 Gallicissa.blogspot.com
 Sundaytimes.lk

.
Crabs
Sri Lanka


title: John Slade (politician)

text:
John Slade (1819 – January 9, 1847) was a merchant and politician in Newfoundland. He represented Fogo in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1842 to 1847.

The son of Robert Slade (merchant), he was born in Poole, Dorset. He began work at a young age with John Slade & Co., a firm established by his great uncle, John Slade. By 1842, he was manager for the firm's operations in Twillingate. Slade was elected to the Newfoundland House of Assembly at the age of 23, the youngest person ever elected to that assembly.

He died in Poole at the age of 28. and is buried in the churchyard of the parish church - St James.
Inside the church is a memorial to the family
"Sacred to the memory of JOHN SLADE merchant of this town who died 9 January 1847 aged 28 years. Also of ROBERT STANDLEY SLADE who died at Fogo in the island of Newfoundland February 21st 1846 aged 23 years.
Also of ROBERT SLADE merchant and magistrate of this town, father of the above who died 3 January 1864 aged 68 years. His remains with those of his eldest son are interred in the churchyard near this place."

References

1819 births
1847 deaths
Members of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
Politicians from Dorset
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Newfoundland
Newfoundland Colony people


title: Togocetus

text:
Togocetus (“Togo whale”) is a genus of extinct cetacean from the Lutetian (lower Eocene) of Togo, known from a fossilized skeleton discovered a few kilometers north-east of Lomé.

Discovery and description
The skeleton was found in a phosphate mining area, Kpogamé-Hahotoé, which is located just north of Lake Togo. It was embedded in a phospharenite bone bed dating back to 46 – 44 million years ago, and overlying an older rock unit, the Tabligbo Group. The remains were described in 2014 by Philip D. Gingerich and Henri Cappetta, who established for it the new monotypic genus Togocetus and the new species T. traversei, dedicated to Michel Traverse.

According to the two authors, Togocetus was a semiaquatic animal which must have weighed
around . It was a protocetid with rather primitive traits such as a still quite long neck, a digitigrade manus and a swim-specialized pes. It shared many similarities with the protocetid genera Protocetus and Pappocetus, the main differences being a smaller mandibular canal, the loss of the fovea capitis femoris (hence of the ligament of head of femur) and some traits related to the molar trigonids.  Later analysis of ear structure evidence originally attributed to Togocetus raised some question regarding established understanding of protocetid evolution.  The original analysis revealed a contradiction in assumed relationship between ear ossicle structure and mandibular canal size; later research and additional evidence revealed multiple places where more modern, specialized traits were blended unexpectedly with archaic ones, causing some controversy.  Despite the fragmentary nature of the fossil record and the subtleties differentiating protocetids, T. traversei has consistently been shown to have unique features defining it, including a completely novel entoglenoid shape and several fossae otherwise not seen in contemporary cetaceans.

References

Bibliography

M

Protocetidae
Eocene mammals of Africa
Prehistoric monotypic mammal genera
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Fossil taxa described in 2014
Paleontology in Togo


title: Holderness Formation

text:
The Holderness Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Geology of England
Holderness


title: Hartshill Formation

text:
The Hartshill Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cambrian System of Europe
Cambrian England
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Julian Wachner

text:
Julian James Wachner (born September 23, 1969) is an American composer, conductor, and keyboardist. From 2011 to 2022, he served as the Director of Music and the Arts at Trinity Wall Street, conducting the Choir of Trinity Wall Street, the Trinity Baroque Orchestra, and NOVUS NY. Wachner recorded five albums with these ensembles, primarily for the Musica Omnia label. From 2008 to 2017, he served as the Director of The Washington Chorus. In March 2018, Wachner was named Artistic Director of the Grand Rapids Bach Festival, an affiliate of the Grand Rapids Symphony, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

As a guest conductor, he has led ensembles including the Philadelphia Orchestra, Juilliard Opera, and San Francisco Opera, and has participated in festivals including the Spoleto Festival USA, Glimmerglass Festival, Lincoln Center Festival, BAM Next Wave Festival, and the New York Philharmonic Biennial. As a composer, he has published over 60 musical works (see below), many of which are sacred works for chorus. His complete choral works to date were released in two volumes by Naxos Records in 2010 and 2014. Wachner is the author, with Kevin J. Moroney, of Psalms for All People: An Inclusive-Language Resource for Praying and Singing (Church Publishing) .

On March 13, 2022, The New York Times reported a sexual assault allegation against Wachner, relating to a 2014 incident. Wachner had been put on leave on March 1, 2022, by Trinity Wall Street because of the allegation. He was fired on March 14. Wachner, through an attorney, denied the accusations.

In 2020, Wachner became Professor of Music and the Arts at the General Theological Seminary in Chelsea, but on March 14, 2022, it removed all mentions of him from its website. Wachner has said that he and his family are moving to Indiana, so he is apparently no longer employed at GTS, where his wife Emily Bloemker Wachner was the seminary's Lecturer in Pastoral Theology and Director of Integrative Programs until 2020.

Biography

Julian Wachner was born in 1969 in Hollywood, CA into a musical household—his mother, Mary Spire, was a pianist, and his former stepfather, Robert Cole, was a conductor. He began cello and piano lessons at age 4 at the University of Southern California, and from age 9 to 13, Wachner studied composition in New York at the Saint Thomas Choir School under Gerre Hancock.

Wachner later attended the Boston University College of Fine Arts, where he studied with Lukas Foss, Theodore Antoniou, David Hoose and Marjorie Merryman. While a student there, he was appointed the University Organist and Choirmaster at Marsh Chapel. He graduated in 1996 with a Doctorate of Musical Arts in composition and orchestral conducting and taught as an Assistant Professor of Sacred Music at BU's School of Theology. From 1999 to 2002, he directed the Young Artists Composition Program at the Tanglewood Institute.

During his tenure at BU, Wachner also headed multiple Boston-area arts institutions. In 1995, he and Peter Watchorn founded the Boston Bach Ensemble, a period instrument orchestra and choir. Their recording of Bach's Christmas Oratorio, released in 2001, helped launch Watchorn's Musica Omnia label in 1998. Wachner also served as Director of the Back Bay Chorale, releasing a CD of works by Benjamin Britten with the ensemble in 2001. From 1996 to 2006, he was Director of the Providence Singers in Providence, RI. In 1999 he conducted the premier performance of The Magdelene Passion, by composer Elaine Bearer, with the Providence Singers, an hour-long oratorio with five soloists, chorus, organ and chamber orchestra.

Wachner moved to Montreal in 2001 to become an associate professor at McGill University's Schulich School of Music, a post he held until 2011. As associate professor, Wachner served as the principal conductor of Opera McGill and occasionally conducted the McGill Symphony and Contemporary Music Ensemble. He also founded and directed the Schulich Singers, a chamber choir that performs repertoire spanning all musical periods. While in Montreal, Wachner also founded and directed the Bach-Academie de Montréal (now the Montreal Bach Festival) and served as Director of Music of the Presbyterian Church of St. Andrew and St. Paul.

In 2008, Wachner returned to the United States to direct the Washington Chorus. The Chorus released a CD of Christmas carols in 2010, featuring several arrangements by Wachner himself. Under Wachner's direction, the Chorus also performed with the Rolling Stones in the final concert of their "50 and Counting" tour in 2013.

Wachner was appointed Director of Music and the Arts at Trinity Wall Street in 2011, placing him at the podium of both the church's choir and baroque orchestra. In his first season there, he established NOVUS NY, a contemporary music ensemble. His 2012 recording of Handel's Israel in Egypt with the Trinity Choir and Trinity Baroque Orchestra was nominated for a 2013 Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance.

Composition

Sacred music
Many of Wachner's earlier published works were liturgical in purpose, written during his tenure as University Organist and Choirmaster at Marsh Chapel in the early 1990s.  He first came to public attention  with Canticles (1991, revised 1994), a work for chorus and orchestra written as a response to the Gulf War and as a companion piece to Fauré's Requiem. Consisting of five movements, the work features settings of Biblical texts that bookend three poems by Shelli Jankowski-Smith about the atrocities of war .

These Biblical themes were later expanded upon in his first symphony, titled Incantations and Lamentations, which was commissioned and premiered by the Back Bay Chorale in 2001. Like Canticles, Incantations and Lamentations is a work in five movements for chorus and orchestra. In his program notes, theologian Wesley Wildman writes that the work concerns the "superficial opposition between worship and indictment of God ... and their breathtaking merger in the context of the Biblical story of the Babylonian exile." This analysis is echoed in Matthew Guerrieri's liner notes for the Naxos recording of the Symphony: "It undercuts the confidence of Psalm 103 ('I will praise the Lord as long as I live') with the despair and frustration of Psalm 137 ('by the waters of Babylon we sat down and wept')." Canticles and Symphony No. 1 were later recorded by the Trinity Wall Street Choir and NOVUS NY and included in Complete Choral Works, Vol. 2, released on Naxos in 2014.

Secular music

Outside of the realm of sacred music, Wachner has also composed secular song cycles, including Sometimes I Feel Alive (1998) and Rilke Songs (2001). The former, which Wachner composed at the Tanglewood Music Center while conducting the BUTI Young Artists Chorus, sets three erotic poems by E. E. Cummings: "there is a moon sole", "as is the sea marvelous" and "somewhere I have never travelled". The latter sets six poems about animals by Rainer Maria Rilke: "Die Gazelle", "Der Panther", "Die Flamingos", "Der Schwan", "Schwarze Katze" and "Das Einhorn". Both works were recorded by the Elora Festival Singers and included in Complete Choral Works, Vol. 1, released on Naxos in 2010.

While director of Opera McGill, Wachner premiered Evangeline Revisited, an opera in two acts based on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Evangeline. Written to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the 1755 Expulsion of the Acadians, the opera features a French libretto by Université de Montréal professor Alexis Nouss and blends multiple musical styles, including jazz, blues, Puccini-esque opera, fugue and cabaret. The role of Evangeline is split between two sopranos: one who represents Longfellow's vision, and one who serves as a contemporary commentator. The opera received its US premiere at New York City Opera's VOX Festival in 2010.

Come, My Dark-Eyed One, commissioned and premiered by the Back Bay Chorale in 2009, weaves together poems by John Clare, Emily Dickinson and Sara Teasdale in a libretto compiled by soprano Marie-Ève Munger. Originally a companion piece for Brahms's Ein Deutsches Requiem, the work charts the "life and death of two lovers" in eight movements.

In 2012, Wachner collaborated with visual artist Erika Harrsch to create a work for The River to River Festival. The resulting installation, titled Inverted Sky, featured a solo flute score with live electronic processing. This accompanied a collection of kites built from various world currencies that were released into the air in time with the music.

Style

Wachner has described himself "[a]s a composer-conductor perched between the Apollonian world of church music and the academy and the Dionysian world of opera and the stage." In the liner notes of his Complete Choral Works, Vol. 1, he writes of this duality:

For me, I always found this a difficult decision to make, and thus found myself living and working in the no-man’s land between pure post-Impressionism and post-Expressionism—composing music that was criticized as "too simple" from one camp and "too complex" from the other. As I have always considered my compositional process and philosophy to be aligned with the assimilators of previous eras, (Bach, Stravinsky and Foss come to mind)—I have found equal inspiration from strict form or unbridled chaos; tonality, modality or post-tonality; and lyricism, pointillism or minimalism—I find it crucial to have as sweeping a palette of creative possibilities at my disposal as possible, believing that this desire is no different from any composer of the past.

Beth Morrison, an opera producer and longtime collaborator of Wachner's, says of his compositional style: "I see his work as very Americana, firmly following in the steps of Copland and Bernstein." His creative output has also been noted for its multifaceted nature, as in Guerrieri's notes: "Wachner's eclecticism is uncommonly deep, a reflection of his multivalent career: a virtuoso organist, an omnivorous conductor, an exploratory composer; a church musician with a dramatic sense of the sacred and a concert-hall veteran with a reverence for the dramatic."

Sexual assault allegations

On February 28, 2022, Mary Poole, formerly of the Juilliard School, publicly alleged that Wachner sexually assaulted her during a 2014 music festival; she had hired Wachner for a directing job. Wachner has denied these allegations. Following these accusations, on March 1, 2022, Wachner was placed on leave by Trinity Wall Street. The foregoing details were published in The New York Times on March 13, 2022. The next day, Trinity fired Wachner, without having concluded its investigation of the 2014 allegations, because of "recent information that Julian has otherwise conducted himself in a manner that is inconsistent with our expectations of anyone who occupies a leadership position."  On March 18, 2022, Wachner posted his version of the 2014 incident at his website, denying that any nonconsensual activity occurred.

Awards

 2011 — ASCAP Alice Parker Award for Adventurous Programming (with The Washington Chorus)
 2013 — Nominated, Grammy Awards: Best Choral Performance (for Israel in Egypt with the Choir of Trinity Wall Street and Trinity Baroque Orchestra)

Discography

This is a list of recordings by Julian Wachner, either as composer or conductor.

References

Notes

Sources
 ARSIS Audio, "Complete Catalog"
 Musica Omnia, "Julian Wachner"
 Naxos, "Julian Wachner"
 ECS Publishing, "Wachner, Julian"

External links

1969 births
20th-century American composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American composers
21st-century American Episcopalians
21st-century classical composers
21st-century American conductors (music)
American choral conductors
American male conductors (music)
American classical composers
American male classical composers
American performers of Christian music
Anglican religious workers
Classical composers of church music
Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni
Living people
Academic staff of McGill University
Musicians from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Pupils of Lukas Foss
Classical musicians from California
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians


title: B. Mitchell Simpson

text:
Lieutenant Commander B. Mitchell Simpson III, U.S. Navy (Ret.) (born Philadelphia, PA, 1932-died Cambridge, MA, 9 May 2019), was  a professor of law, attorney, former naval officer, and naval historian, who is best known for his biography of Admiral Harold R. Stark.

Early life and education
Born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1932, the son of B. Mitchell Simpson II and Marshall Hall Simpson, he entered Colgate University in 1949 and graduated in 1953  with an A.B. degree with honors in international relations. He went on to the University of Pennsylvania School of Law, where he was awarded the L.L.B. degree in 1956.  In 1965, the United States Navy sent him to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, where he earned an M.A. in international relations in 1966, an M.A.L.D. in 1967, and a Ph.D. in diplomatic history in 1968, having written a dissertation on "Political Considerations between the United States and the French National Committee, 1942-43."

Naval career
Simpson entered the U.S. Navy in 1956 and served for twenty years, retiring as a lieutenant commander in 1977. As a line officer and a legal officer, he served in five ships. While studying at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy as a naval officer in 1965-1968, and later as a visiting lecturer in international politics in 1974-75, Simpson met retired Admiral Harold R. Stark and became interested in this former Chief of Naval Operations. In 1970, Simpson was assigned to the faculty of the U.S. Naval War College, where he taught courses in international law, international relations, naval history, and defense studies. Among his duties, he served as the editor of the Naval War College Press and Naval War College Review from 1975 to 1977. In this role, he increased the output of the Press with several books, including two of his own. On his retirement from active duty, he was retained as an advanced research scholar at the Naval War College, where he spent the following three years researching and writing the biography of Admiral Stark. His book, Admiral Harold R. Stark: Architect of Victory 1939-1945, was published in 1989 and utilized a wide range of public records as well as the admiral's private papers. Simpson's research papers for this were deposited in the Naval War College's Naval Historical Collection.

Career as Attorney and Law Professor
In 1980, Simpson entered the private practice of law in Newport, Rhode Island as the owner of a general practice concentrating on corporate and civil matters, including insurance defense. He appeared in all Rhode Island courts for trial, including the United States District Court, argued appeals on behalf of clients before the Rhode Island Supreme Court, and represented clients in military courts, including general court martial. In 1982-1986, he served as Assistant Town Solicitor in Middletown, Rhode Island and from 1989-1992 was Assistant Minority Counsel for the Rhode Island House of Representatives. Between 1988 and 1996, he was elected to four terms on the Newport, Rhode Island City Council, representing the city's third ward. From 1986 he served as Corporation Counsel for Trinity Church, Newport.

In 1996, Simpson was appointed Professor at the Roger Williams University School of Law in Bristol, Rhode Island.

Published works

Books
 The Development of Naval Thought, essays by Herbert Rosinski; edited with an introduction by B. Mitchell Simpson III (1977).
 War, Strategy, and Maritime power, edited by B. Mitchell Simpson III. (1977).
 Sailors and Scholars: The Centennial History of the Naval War College by John B. Hattendorf, John R. Wadleigh, and B. Mitchell Simpson III (1984).
 Admiral Harold R. Stark: Architect of Victory 1939-1945 (1989).
 Rhode Island Civil and Appellate Procedure with Commentaries with Robert B. Kent, Hon. Robert G. Flanders, Jr., and David Wollen. (St. Paul: Thomson-West, 2006).

Articles
 "The Rearming of Germany 1950–1954: A Linchpin in the Political Evolution of Europe". Naval War College Review, (May 1971),  pp. 76–90.
 "Current Strategic Theories". Naval War College Review, (May 1972), pp. 76–85.
 "Harold Raynsford Stark" in Robert W. Love, Jr., The Chiefs of Naval Operations I(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1980).
 "The Essential Clausewitz". Naval War College Review, (March–April 1982), pp. 54–61.
 "The Open Meetings Law: Friend and Foe" 1996
 "A Fair Trial: Are Indigents Charged with Misdemeanors Entitled to Court-Appointed Counsel?" Roger Williams Law Review Spring 2000
 "Don't curse 'em, sue 'em! Cell Phone Use While driving as Evidence of Negligence, Rhode Island Bar Journal vol. LVII (March–April 2009).
 contributor to An Introduction to Rhode Island Discovery Practice (MCLE/New England, 2010).
 "Treason and Terror: A Toxic Brew" (2018). Roger Williams University Law Faculty Scholarship. 216.

Awards
Rhode Island Bar Journal Lauren E. Jones Writing Award
Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt Prize in Naval History

Personal life
Simpson lived in Newport, Rhode Island with his wife of 51 years, Wilma, with whom he had two daughters, Fiona and Isla.

References

American male non-fiction writers
The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
The Fletcher School at Tufts University faculty
American biographers
1932 births
Lawyers from Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Colgate University alumni
American naval historians
United States Navy officers
Naval War College faculty
Naval War College Review people
Roger Williams University faculty
Rhode Island lawyers
Rhode Island city council members
2019 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American Episcopalians


title: Agos (disambiguation)

text:
Agos may refer to:
Agos, a weekly Turkish Armenian newspaper published in Istanbul, Turkey
Agos (TV series), a Filipino TV series
AGOS, the US Navy Auxiliary General Ocean Surveillance Ship

See also
 AGO (disambiguation)


title: Tarnbrook Wyre Marine Beds

text:
The Tarnbrook Wyre Marine Beds is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Urswick Limestone

text:
The Urswick Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Waterhouses Limestone

text:
The Waterhouses Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Weaver Beds

text:
The Weaver Beds is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Alston Formation

text:
The Alston Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Viséan to Serpukhovian (Asbian, Brigantian and Pendleian in British stratigraphy) stages of the Carboniferous period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Further reading
 J. G. Donald. 1895. The genus Murchisonia and its allies. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 51(2):210-234

Geologic formations of England
Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Serpukhovian
Viséan
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Pendle Grit

text:
The Pendle Grit is a geologic formation in England. It is a coarse Carboniferous age sandstone assigned to the Millstone Grit Group,  and preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.  The formation takes its name from Pendle Hill in Lancashire where it forms the sloping plateau summit.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Geology of Lancashire


title: Roeburndale Formation

text:
The Roeburndale Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Sabden Shale

text:
The Sabden Shale is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Slate formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Shunner Fell Formation

text:
The Shunner Fell Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Parrot Coal

text:
The Parrot Coal is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Coal formations


title: Namurian Series

text:
The Namurian Series is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations


title: Hotwells Formation

text:
The Hotwells Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Gayle Shale

text:
The Gayle Shale is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Slate formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Milldale Limestone

text:
The Milldale Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Monsal Dale Limestones

text:
The Monsal Dale Limestones is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Geologic formations of England
Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations


title: Scremerston Formation

text:
The Scremerston Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

It consists of layers of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal, with occasional thin dolomite or limestone beds. Sandstones make up about 50% of the formation and are white, grey, brown or reddish brown, forming beds that are typically less than 15 m thick, but are known to reach 60m thick in places. The siltstones and mudstone layers are grey or brownish grey and non-calcareous. About 5% of the formation is made up of coal seams, which reach up to 1.5 m thick. The Scremerston Formation was formed by the actions of a large river delta as well as marine deposits. Evidence of the sedimentary layering is very evident along the cliffs at Cocklawburn beach near Scremerston, with plentiful marine fossils and pavement-like rock formations with wave-ripple cross-lamination.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

External links

 The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units-Scremerston Formation

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Forest Hollow Beds

text:
The Forest Hollow Beds is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Danny Bridge Formation

text:
The Danny Bridge Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Greta Grit

text:
The Greta Grit is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Hopedale Limestones

text:
The Hopedale Limestones is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations


title: Colsterdale Marine Beds

text:
The Colsterdale Marine Beds is a geologic formation in North Yorkshire, England. It is exposed in Colsterdale and upper Nidderdale, and preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Geology of North Yorkshire


title: Crossdale Shales

text:
The Crossdale Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Slate formations


title: Eyam Limestone

text:
The Eyam Limestone (formerly known as the Cawdor Group, Cawdor Limestone or Eyam Group) is a geologic formation in the Peak District, England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Viséan stage of the Carboniferous period, and represents a marine environment.

Depositional environment
At the time of deposition, Britain was just south of the equator (<5° S) and part of the Euramerica continent. Study of the growth rings of fossil wood from other localities indicate that the British Isles had a monsoonal climate during the early Carboniferous, with tropical rainfall seasonality. The Eyam Limestone was deposited on an extensive, thick carbonate ramp and platform on the northeast margin of the Widmerpool Gulf (an extensive basin which existed as an area of open water during the time of deposition). Reefs and their associated fore-reef and lagoonal environments are represented in the Eyam Limestone, with crinoids dominating the reef and providing habitats for other animals. The presence of photosymbiotic coral and micritic envelopes on some crinoid ossicles indicates the formation was deposited within the photic zone in a marine environment of normal salinity. The presence of the xenacanth Bransonella has been suggested to imply freshwater influence as xenacanths live mainly in freshwater habitats, however its presence in other marine formations suggests that Bransonella was a marine animal unlike its relatives.

Apatite crystals formed by the recrystallization of phosphatic overgrowths are present on some conodont elements from the formation. As phosphatogenesis only occurs in the anoxic-oxic boundary while apatite precipitation occurs in the top few centimeters of the sediment column, this reveals that shallow sediment with low geothermal temperatures and dysoxic conditions were present in the Eyam Limestone.

Fossil content

Cartilaginous fish

Conodonts

Invertebrates

Arthropods

Brachiopods

Bryozoans

Cnidarians

Echinoderms

Molluscs

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Bentham Grit

text:
The Bentham Grit is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Black Rock Formation

text:
The Black Rock Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Caton Shales

text:
The Caton Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Slate formations


title: Chee Tor Limestone

text:
The Chee Tor Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Clifton Down Limestone

text:
The Clifton Down Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Cockhill Marine Band

text:
The Cockhill Marine Band is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England


title: Knipe Scar Limestone

text:
The Knipe Scar Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Geologic formations of England
Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Potts Beck Limestone

text:
The Potts Beck Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Ashfell Limestone

text:
The Ashfell Limestone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Bee Low Limestones

text:
The Bee Low Limestones is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Limestone formations


title: 2014–15 FC Admira Wacker Mödling season

text:
FC Admira Wacker Mödling are an Austrian football club which are based in Mödling. During the 2014/15 campaign they will be competing in the Austrian Bundesliga and Austrian Cup.

Competitions

Austrian Bundesliga

Austrian Cup

References

Austrian football clubs 2014–15 season
FC Admira Wacker Mödling seasons


title: Pilton Shales

text:
The Pilton Shales is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous England
Slate formations


title: Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

text:
The women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 24 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Maurice Watkins, Chairman of British Swimming and the quaichs were presented by Denise Holmes, Emirates' Sales Manager for Scotland and North East England.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Commonwealth Games records were as follows.

The following records were established during the competition:

Results

Heats

Final

References

External links

Women's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay
Commonwealth Games
2014 in women's swimming


title: Lulworth Formation

text:
The Lulworth Formation is a geologic formation in England. It dates from the late Tithonian to the mid Berriasian. It is a subunit of the Purbeck Group. In Dorset, it consists of three members, which are in ascending order, the Mupe Member, the Ridgway Member, and the Warbarrow Tout Member. The Mupe Member is typically 11 to 16 m thick and largely consists of marls and micrites with interbeds of calcareous mudstone. The Ridgeway Member is about 3 to 7 m thick and consists of in its western portion carbonaceous muds, marls and micrites, in the east the muds are replaced by micritic limestone. The Warbarrow Tout Member is 17 to 39 m thick and consists of limestone at the base and micrite and mudstone for the rest of the sequence,  this member is the primary source of the vertebrate fossils within the formation. Elsewhere the unit is undifferentiated.

Vertebrate paleobiota

Amphibians

Turtles

Lepidosaurs

Crocodyliformes

Dinosaurs

Mammals

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England
 List of dinosaur bearing rock formations

References

Geologic formations of the United Kingdom
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of the United Kingdom
Jurassic England
Cretaceous England
Tithonian Stage
Berriasian Stage
Limestone formations
Fluvial deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe


title: Moreland Commission to Investigate Public Corruption

text:
The Commission to Investigate Public Corruption was a public entity created by New York governor Andrew Cuomo in July 2013 under the state's Moreland Act, with the aim of investigating politicians and political organizations in New York for violations of state laws regulating elections, campaigns and political fundraising. Cuomo disbanded the commission after approving modest ethics reform in March 2014, whereupon U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara announced that he would continue investigating the commission's targets and the governor's office itself.

History
The commission's investigations included looking into the use of "housekeeping accounts" held by politicians, and how the funds contributed to these accounts were used. In New York, such accounts are permitted for general administrative expenses and are allowed to accept unlimited donations—but the funds may not be used for campaign expenses, including political advertising. According to The New York Times, one target for this element of the investigation was the New York Democratic Party, which is alleged to have spent as much as $4 million from housekeeping accounts on television advertising.

The commission also issued subpoenas to the law firms that employ many New York legislators, including the Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver, and Senate leaders Dean Skelos and Jeffrey D. Klein. The purpose of the subpoenas was to determine what work the full-time legislators performed to earn their outside income, and whether any conflict of interest existed between the clients of the legislators and the firms and the business of the state. The legislature sued in state court, arguing that the governor and the Moreland Commission did not have the power to issue subpoenas. The lawsuit was dropped when the commission was disbanded.

The commission was discontinued by Governor Cuomo in March 2014, after a package of ethics reforms was negotiated into the annual state budget by the New York legislature. The commission issued a preliminary report of its findings on December 2, 2013. During its work and following its dissolution, the governor's office was accused of interfering with and restricting the investigations of the commission. Media reports alleged that Lawrence Schwartz, the secretary to the governor, barred the commission from issuing subpoenas to organizations with ties to Governor Cuomo, and that the commission was not permitted to investigate any improprieties on the part of the executive administration. In response, Cuomo argued that the commission was an executive body that was not independent, and the Moreland Act under which the commission was convened allowed him to monitor and control its activities. In quotes reported by Crain's New York, Cuomo said "It's not a legal question. The Moreland Commission was my commission... It's my commission. My subpoena power, my Moreland Commission. I can appoint it, I can disband it. I appoint you, I can un-appoint you tomorrow."

After the commission was disbanded, the governor and the commission were criticized by government watchdogs, New York prosecutors and the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Preet Bharara. Bharara opened an investigation into the commission, the possible interference by the governor's office, and into the targets of the commission's own incomplete investigations. He also instructed legislators and the governor's office to retain any documents related to the commission. In 2015, investigations by Bharara's office resulted in the arrest and conviction of Assembly speaker Silver and Senate majority leader Skelos. Then in January 2016 the U.S. Attorney announced the end of his investigation into the closing of the commission.

In March 2017, President Donald Trump fired Bharara in the midst of an investigation concerning Trump appointees. Bharara later tweeted: "By the way, I know what the Moreland Commission must have felt like."

References

External links
Official website (archival link)

Political history of New York (state)
Anti-corruption agencies
Andrew Cuomo


title: Sandringham Sandstone

text:
The Sandringham Sandstone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England
Sandstone formations


title: Skegness Clay

text:
The Skegness Clay is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Geologic formations of England
Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe
Cretaceous England
Aptian Stage
Shale formations


title: Abbott's Cliff Formation

text:
The Abbott's Cliff Formation is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England


title: Faringdon Sand

text:
The Faringdon Sand is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England
Aptian Stage
Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe


title: Ferruginous Sands

text:
The Ferruginous Sands is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Aptian Stage of the Cretaceous period. It consists of "a number of heavily bioturbated coarsening-upward units each comprising dark grey sandy muds or muddy sands passing up into fine-to medium-grained grey to green glauconitic sands." The dinosaur Vectaerovenator inopinatus is known from the formation. Shark teeth are also known from the formation, including those of an indeterminate lamniform shark and Palaeospinax (formerly Synechodus).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England
Aptian Stage
Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe


title: Spilsby Sandstone

text:
The Spilsby Sandstone is a geologic formation in England. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England
Sandstone formations
Lower Cretaceous Series of Europe
Valanginian Stage
Berriasian Stage


title: Durlston Formation

text:
The Durlston Formation is a geologic formation in England. Particularly in the Isle of Purbeck. It preserves fossils dating back to the Berriasian stage of the Lower Cretaceous.

Vertebrate paleobiota

Crocodyliformes

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in England

References

Cretaceous England