title: Sora ga Natteiru

text:
, also known by its English name "The Reverberation", is one of the A-sides of the single "Sora ga Natteiru/Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, led by musician Ringo Sheena. The song was the band's fourth to be used in a commercial campaign for Ezaki Glico's Watering Kissmint brand of gum. It was released digitally in February 2011, and eventually physically on May 11, 2011, after the three-month postponement of the physical edition.

Background and development

In July 2010, Tokyo Jihen released two digital singles: "Tengoku e Yōkoso", the theme song for the drama Atami no Sōsakan, and "Dopa-mint!", Tokyo Jihen's third song used Ezaki Glico's Watering Kissmint range of gum. The band performed at the EMI Rocks festival on November 6, 2010, celebrating 50 years of the EMI label.

The band produced the single "Oishii Kisetsu" / "Ketteiteki Sanpunkan" for entertainer Chiaki Kuriyama, which was released on March 2, 2011. After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami occurred on March 11, the band released a cover of Tokiko Iwatani's 1964 song "Yoake no Uta" to YouTube.

The single was first announced on December 10, 2010, with a preliminary release date of February 23, 2011.

Writing and production

The music for the song was written by Seiji Kameda, an infrequent songwriter for the band. Kameda wrote the tracks "Superstar" and "Tōmei Ningen" from Adult, and most notably the digital single "Senkō Shōjo" (2007), which was commercially successful enough to be certified gold by the RIAJ twice. Kameda considered the songs he had written for the band as all "bright", so wanted to attempt to make sad or dark songs. The song was originally called "Breast" in the demo stage. When deciding which song was the best for the commercial, the band unanimously picked Kameda's composition, as they wanted to try something different from the songs previously featured in the campaign.

Promotion and release

The song was first used in Watering Kissmint commercials from February 8, 2011. The commercial was directed by long-time collaborator Yuichi Kodama, who also directed the music video for the song.

On February 12, band drummer Toshiki Hata was charged with interfering with a public servant, after hitting a police officer during an incident on February 10, when the officer had been called to a residence to investigate broken glass. As a result, the single was postponed, and all promotional activities involving Hata were ceased. All mention of the single's release date were removed from Tokyo Jihen's website. The Watering Kissmint commercials began airing again from February 16, however with a rearranged "solo" version of the song entitled the , that did not feature Hata's drumming. The song was intended to be performed on Music Station on February 18, with "Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" being performed the next week, however these appearances were cancelled. The band eventually resumed activities together on April 5, 2011, and the single was given the new release date of May 11.

The song was first performed at the Terebi Asahi Dream Music Festival on September 24, 2011. It was additionally performed during the band's Discovery (2011) and Bon Voyage (2012) tours. These performances can be found on the tours' respective DVDs.

Music video

The music video was first unveiled on February 8, 2011, and was made available for streaming from the band's website. It was directed by Yuichi Kodama, who also took charge of the video for "Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo", as well as the commercials for Watering Kissmint, and Shiseido's Maquillage commercials featuring "Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo".

The video depicts the band performing the song as they sit around a table, eating breakfast foods. It also features close-up scenes of each member by themselves. Ukigumo is seen sitting in a parked car in a garage. Izawa is shown taking an eye examination, and Hata shown sitting on a couch, watching video footage of squirrels. Kameda is shown removing a pair of leather gloves at a table. Sheena is shown sitting in a corner of a room. Outside scenes are shown taken from a vehicle of a frosty countryside. Director Kodama revealed that Hata is meant to be watching the Discovery Channel, tying in with the theme of the album Dai Hakken.

Critical reception

CDJournal reviewers called the song a "cool rock tune", and "hard boiled rock" with a "disturbing atmosphere", feeling the guitar intro gave the song a tense, running sound and noting the heaviness in Sheena's vocals. Hot Express reviewer Haruna Takakawa felt the song was very "Tokyo Jihen-like", likening it to the impact of "Gunjō Biyori". She praised the song's "sharpened sound and lyrics" and Sheena's "emotional vocals", noting that everything in the song is balanced and simple, that there was nothing superfluous.

Track listing

Personnel

Personnel details were sourced from Dai Hakkens liner notes booklet.Musicians and personnel'

Yumi Fujikura – assistant engineer
Junichiro Fujinami – assistant engineer
Toshiki Hata – drums
Uni Inoue – recording engineer, mixing engineer
Ichiyo Izawa – keyboards

Seiji Kameda – bass
Shigeo Miyamoto – mastering engineer
Ringo Sheena – vocals
Ukigumo – guitar

Chart rankings

Sales and certifications

Release history

References

2011 songs
2011 singles
Japanese-language songs
Songs used as jingles
Songs written by Seiji Kameda
Songs written by Ringo Sheena
Tokyo Jihen songs
Music videos directed by Yuichi Kodama
EMI Music Japan singles


title: Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo

text:
, also known by its English name "Fly Me to Heaven", is one of the A-sides of the single "Sora ga Natteiru/Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" by Japanese rock band Tokyo Jihen, led by musician Ringo Sheena. It was released digitally in April 2011, and physically on May 11, 2011, after being postponed since February. The song was featured in a national campaign for Shiseido's Maquillage range of cosmetics in 2011, which featured Sheena as the spokesperson.

Background and development

In July 2010, Tokyo Jihen released two digital singles: "Tengoku e Yōkoso", the theme song for the drama Atami no Sōsakan, and "Dopa-mint!", Tokyo Jihen's third song used Ezaki Glico's Watering Kissmint range of gum. The band performed at the EMI Rocks festival on November 6, 2010, celebrating 50 years of the EMI label.

The band produced the single "Oishii Kisetsu" / "Ketteiteki Sanpunkan" for entertainer Chiaki Kuriyama, which was released on March 2, 2011. After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami occurred on March 11, the band released a cover of Tokiko Iwatani's 1964 song "Yoake no Uta" to YouTube.

The single was first announced on December 10, 2010, with a preliminary release date of February 23, 2010. The single's other A-side, "Sora ga Natteiru" was released as a cellphone download on February 8, 2011.

Writing and production

Sheena wanted to experiment in the song, by having a third person outside of the band arrange a song that they happened to play in. Hence, the song was performed by a special unit of Tokyo Jihen called the , featuring 13 additional musicians. Instead of the song being arranged by the members of Tokyo Jihen as usual, it was arranged by Takayuki Hattori, who had previously collaborated with Sheena in 2001, with the song "Sid to Hakuchūmu" on her single "Mayonaka wa Junketsu".

"Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" was a song that Sheena had mostly already thought up before being asked to create music for Shiseido. The company only had one request, that the song needed to contain the word "virgin".

Promotion and release

The song was used in a high-profile campaign for Shiseido's Maquillage range of cosmetics, the first time Sheena had acted as a cosmetics spokesperson. The first commercials began airing on February 20, 2011, with a second series of commercials airing from April 20.

On February 12, band drummer Toshiki Hata was charged with interfering with a public servant, after hitting a police officer during an incident on February 10, when the officer had been called to a residence to investigate broken glass. As a result, the single was postponed, and all promotional activities involving Hata were ceased. All mention of the single's release date were removed from Tokyo Jihen's website. The original version of the song was intended to be used from February 20 for the Shiseido Maquillage campaign, however due to the incident a new version, the  aired, featuring a piano arrangement without Hata's involvement. The band eventually resumed activities together on April 5, 2011, and the single was given the new release date of May 11.

The song was intended to be performed on Music Station on February 25, after performing on the previous week to perform "Sora ga Natteiru". This was however cancelled, but on May 20 Sheena performed the song billed as a solo artist at Music Station. At the 62nd NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen on December 31, 2011, Sheena performed "Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo" in a medley with Sheena's solo song "Carnation", alongside the other members of Tokyo Jihen.

The song was eventually released as a digital download to cellphones on April 20, before the physical single's release on May 11.

The song was first performed at the Terebi Asahi Dream Music Festival on September 24, 2011. It was additionally performed during the band's Discovery (2011) and Bon Voyage (2012) tours. These performances can be found on the tours' respective DVDs. Sheena performed the song during her solo Tōtaikai concerts in 2013.

Music video

The music video was unveiled on April 20, 2011. It was directed by Yuichi Kodama, who also took charge of the video for "Sora ga Natteiru", as well as the commercials for Shiseido's Maquillage, and Ezaki Glico's Watering Kissmint commercials featuring "Sora ga Natteiru".

The video begins by Sheena walking down the draws of a wardrobe, and singing the song in an extensive dressing room, as well as a stage. The video depicts her wearing eight different early 20th Century costumes, usually in scenes involving dressing mirrors. During the instrumental section of the song, Sheena performs a dance with her bandmates serving as back-dancers. Additional scenes involve Sheena playing golf, and sitting on a bed of sand. During the final English section of the song, Sheena walks down a long flight of wardrobe draws

Critical reception

CDJournal reviewers praised the song's "light swing big band sound", and felt that the "cute dazzling sound" was enjoyable. Hot Express reviewer Haruna Takakawa felt the song was "overflowing with everything that makes a 'girl'". Though she initially felt this was rare in a Sheena song, she realised the song reminded her of Sheena's previous works
-reminded her of her songs "Kofukuron" (1998), "Koko de Kiss Shite." (1999) and "Futari Bocchi Jikan" (2009).

Track listing

Personnel

Personnel details were sourced from Dai Hakkens liner notes booklet.Musicians and personnel'

Tomoyuki Asakawa – harp
Tamao Fujii – percussion
Yumi Fujikura – assistant engineer
Junichiro Fujinami – assistant engineer
Toshiki Hata – drums
Takayuki Hattori – conductor
Masanori Hirohara – trombone
Uni Inoue – recording engineer, mixing engineer
Ichiyo Izawa – keyboards
Seiji Kameda – bass
Masato Kawase – percussion
Masahiro Kobayashi – trumpet

Shigeo Miyamoto – mastering engineer
Koji Nishima – trumpet
Koichi Nonoshita – trombone
Ringo Sheena – vocals
Kanade Shishiuchi – trombone
Masahiko Sugasaka – trumpet
Hideyo Takakuwa – flute
Minoru Uesato – baritone sax
Ukigumo – guitar
Hisashi Yoshinaga – tenor sax
Bob Zung – alto sax

Chart rankings

Sales and certifications

Release history

References

2011 songs
2011 singles
Japanese-language songs
Songs used as jingles
Songs written by Ringo Sheena
Tokyo Jihen songs
Macaronic songs
Music videos directed by Yuichi Kodama
EMI Music Japan singles


title: Tjejmilen

text:
Tjejmilen is a girls-women only, cross-country running event in Stockholm, Sweden. Hosted by Hässelby SK and Spårvägen FK, it is run across a 10 kilometers long course on Djurgården.

Being annual, the first event was held on 19 August 1984. It often gathers thousands of participants.

Winners
1984 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:21
1985 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:28
1986 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 33:29
1987 – Malin Wästlund, Sweden, 34:20
1988 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
1989 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
1990 – Grete Waitz, Norway, 33:49
1991 – Midde Hamrin, Sweden, 34:34
1992 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 35:14
1993 – Gunhild Halle, Norway, 34:25
1994 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 34:35
1995 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 34:50
1996 – Ingmarie Nilsson, Sweden, 35,32
1997 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 35:16
1998 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 34:37
1999 – Susanne Johansson, Sweden, 36:04
2000 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 33:29
2001 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 33:35
2002 – Janet Ongera, Kenya, 33:22
2003 – Kirsi Valasti, Finland, 33:16
2004 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 34:44
2005 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 34:45
2006 – Ida Nilsson, Sweden, 34:12
2007 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 34:50
2008 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 33:58
2009 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:49
2010 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:38
2011 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:25
2012 – Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal, Norway 33.14
2013 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:42
2014 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32:40
2015 – Webalem Ayele, Ethiopia, 33:28
2016 – Fantu Tekla, Ethiopia, 32:40
2017 – Sara Holmgren, Sweden 34.52
2018 – Ayantu Eshete, Ethiopia, 35:06
2019 – Hanna Lindholm, Sweden, 35:06
2020 – Cancelled because of the Corona pandemic
2021 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32.41
2022 – Carolina Wikström, Sweden, 33.51
2023 – Sarah Lahti, Sweden, 35.32

See also
Tjejtrampet
Tjejvasan

References

External links

official website

1984 establishments in Sweden
Athletics competitions in Sweden
Cross country running competitions
Recurring sporting events established in 1984
September sporting events
Women's sports competitions in Sweden
Cross country running in Sweden
Annual sporting events in Sweden
Autumn events in Sweden


title: School-Live!

text:
is a Japanese manga series written by Norimitsu Kaihō and illustrated by Sadoru Chiba. The series was serialized from May 2012 to November 2019 in the Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Forward magazine and is licensed in English by Yen Press.

An anime adaptation by Lerche aired between July and September 2015. A live-action film adaptation was released in January 2019.

Premise
Yuki Takeya is a cheerful school girl who, along with her friends Kurumi Ebisuzawa, Yūri Wakasa, and Miki Naoki, is a member of the . As Yuki seeks out fun school activities every day while living at school, the other girls work to keep her safe, because in reality, they are the sole survivors of their school after a zombie outbreak overruns the city.

Characters

School Living Club
The main characters of the series are a small club of girls who prioritize being able to live while inside the school.

Live action portrayal: Midori Nagatsuki
A bright and cheerful girl who is always excited to try new and exciting club activities. As a result of a mental breakdown due to the zombie outbreak, Yuki has created an idealized delusion for herself, believing that everything is normal and her classmates and teachers are alive and well. Slowly, she realizes the truth of her surroundings but still acts oblivious, though she will panic on occasions when her delusion breaks down and she sees reality for what it is. Since leaving the school, Yuki has slowly been coming to terms with reality and has tried to be of more use to the group.

Live action portrayal: Nanami Abe
A twin-tailed girl of the School Living Club, who is often sent out on the more dangerous missions. She carries a shovel around with her at all times in case of zombie encounters. She was formerly in love with an unnamed upperclassman, but when the zombie outbreak occurred, her crush was bitten and attacked her. She then used a shovel to kill him, and it has since been her weapon of choice. After she becomes infected by being bitten on the right arm by the zombified Megumi, she is seemingly cured by an antidote. However, her body remains cold and she is ignored by other zombies, suggesting that the antidote didn't work properly. In later manga chapters, she begins to display zombie-like behavior though she still manages to retain her sense of self.

Live action portrayal: Wakana Majima
The president of the School Living Club, nicknamed . She is the one who manages everything the club has. Even though she acts as a strong girl and big sister for the other members, she is extremely mentally fragile, growing more unstable as the stakes get higher. She has a younger sister named Ruu, who she believes she has rescued from an elementary school but is later revealed to be Yuki's stuffed teddy bear.

Live action portrayal: Rio Kiyohara
A blonde-haired girl who is a year below the other girls and is nicknamed  by Yuki, much to her dismay. She was rescued by the School Living Club while they were scouting a shopping mall, where she had been living since the outbreak. She initially dislikes the way Kurumi and Yuuri play along with Yuki's delusions, but later comes to understand how she helps them. She also becomes kind and soft, opening her true self to other members, and is especially close to both Yuki and Kurumi. She refers to Yuki as her senpai.

Live action portrayal: Nonoka Ono
A teacher and the advisor for the School Living Club who is affectionately called  by her students, forming the club to protect the girls when the outbreak occurred. While initially shown to be a teacher with rather little presence, often being interrupted by the other girls, it is soon revealed that she, like the other students, is another part of Yuki's delusions. In reality, she was infected shortly after forming the School Living Club, forcing herself into a hidden part of the school before completely turning into a zombie. When she is eventually found, she ends up infecting Kurumi before being put down by Miki.

A Shiba Inu puppy that was found by Yuki and taken in as the School Living Club's mascot. However, because he was infected, the girls had to throw him away when he turned, but he still occasionally attempts to get into the clubroom due to his residual memories of the club. He has an expanded role in the anime version, having originally been found by Miki before they were both taken in by the club, but is later infected by Megumi. Although he is cured by the same vaccine given to Kurumi, he is left weak from the fight and later dies.

Megurigaoka Private High School

Miki's classmate and best friend who was with her when the zombie outbreak occurred. Forced to lock themselves in a shopping mall, Kei eventually grew impatient of spending her life indoors and went outside. When the girls finally leave their school to go to college, Miki believes that she saw a zombified Kei on the way out.

Another teacher at Megurigaoka Private High School and one of Yuki's teachers. As a teacher, she was calm and kind; but due to Yuki often sleeping in class, she would get a little annoyed with her; though, she did not get particularly angry, and only warned her that if she continued, she would have to stay after class. However, she did get angry when Yuki's friends would interrupt her classes. She was also very caring, and before the outbreak, she seemed to be on good terms with Megumi, which was proven when she decided to spend her last moments telling Megumi about the outbreak and not to let anyone come on to the rooftop.

A student at Megurigaoka Private High School, and she was a close friend and classmate of Yuki prior to the outbreak. She had a calm demeanor, with a punk-like atmosphere surrounding her. Takae also seemed to have quite a playful personality, throwing paper planes at Yuki with a drawing of her depicted as an angel inside. She greatly cherished Yuki and was very affectionate with her, and she was also on good terms with her other two friends. Near the end of the series, Takae (in her zombie form) was "listening" when Yuki spoke from the broadcasting room as she told the students who were still at the school that classes were over and that they could go home.

St. Isidore University
A university in the same town area as the School-Live club. It is one of the several designated facilities in the town with survival rations, solar panels, and an evacuation shelter. Following the outbreak, the surviving students at the school became divided, with some banding together to survive (the Circle) while others descended into anarchic survivalism (the Militants).

The club president of the St. Isidore University's , also known as the Circle, a small team of women who are at odds with some of the other students who are more focused on survival. She has a collection of video games and movies that she can play using the university's facilities. She makes an anime-original cameo in anime's final episode post-credits. She left the Militants when she disagreed with their strict methods. Unlike the Militants, she does not enforce body checks for signs of infection.

Member of the Circle and like most of its members, she was a former member of Militants until she left after having a glimpse of the thrilling pleasure that Ayaka took in the zombie apocalypse. She was a Liberal Arts Major before the outbreak.

Repairman of the Circle, nicknamed Hika for short. She is quiet and kind, but was kicked out of the Militants after failing to kill a zombie by herself in fear, being deemed too weak to survive. She was an Engineering student and performs maintenance on the facilities that the Circle uses.

The bookworm and librarian of the Circle, she often remains in the school library to read books due to her love of books and rarely leaves. She was also a Liberal Arts Major before the outbreak.

An older student from the University who has been studying the infection on her own for weeks. After traveling to Randal Corporation HQ, Aosoi deduces the possible location of a cure for the infection, but becomes infected herself and dies before she is able to directly relay that information. She leaves behind notes of the cure in her cellphone, which the girls use to stop the virus.

Leader of the Militants, the more survival-oriented combatant group of students at the university. He enforces body checks on all members of the club in order to eliminate the chance of a zombie infection among them. He is often seen with a negative outlook and expression because of the stress of surviving the outbreak. He uses a nail bat as a weapon. He is betrayed by Ayaka after he is infected, pushed into a horde of zombies and burned alive to cover her escape from the university.

One of the remaining female members of the Militants, she usually is calm and without obvious emotion but secretly takes great pleasure in killing zombies and people alike, as a means of having a fulfilling existence. She is adept at using a crossbow and knife as weapons. She kills Takahito to distract the zombies and escape the university, as she believes that she will have far more fun outside the walls of the college.

The other female member of the Militants, she has a side ponytail and is the main zombie exterminator of the group. She has a kind-hearted nature, but is efficient in exterminating zombies. She considers another member of the Militants, Kougami, as a precious person and has been hinted to be pregnant. She is adept with a variety of weapons, usually using an ice pick or a similar short weapon.

Another member of the Militants. Nicknamed Ren, he uses a crossbow and is Shinou's lover.

Another member of the Militants.

Other characters

A girl who broadcasts on a pirate radio station in the hopes of reaching out to any survivors. Unfortunately, she succumbs to her infection before the School Living Club is able to reach her. She does, however, live long enough to leave a note behind explaining to any survivors that come across her hideout to take the keys to the hideout and motorhome, which the girls do.

Yuuri's little sister who is in elementary school. Yuuri seemingly rescues her from the elementary school after the School Living Club leaves their own school. In reality, Ruu is actually just Yuki's teddy bear that Yuuri deluded herself into thinking is her sister similar to Yuki's delusions of Megumi. The others from St. Isidore University and the School Living Club, including Yuki, were simply playing along to keep Yuuri happy and sane as they did for Yuki in the past. Yuuri eventually comes to terms with Ruu's death, giving the bear to Shinou for her baby.

Media

Manga
School-Live! is written by Nitroplus' Norimitsu Kaihō and illustrated by Sadoru Chiba. It began serialization on May 24, 2012, in the July issue of Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara Forward magazine. The series went on hiatus between July and December 2017. It ended on November 22, 2019. Houbunsha published the first tankōbon volume on December 12, 2012, with the twelfth and final volume released on January 10, 2020. Yen Press began releasing the series in English in November 2015. Three manga anthologies illustrated by various artists have also been released, the first on July 13, 2015, the second on September 12, 2015, and the third on January 12, 2016.

A sequel manga series by Kaihō and Chiba, titled School-Live! Letters was serialized in Manga Time Kirara Forward from June 24, 2020, to August 24, 2021. Yen Press has also licensed the sequel manga.

Volumes

Anime
An anime television series was announced on June 21, 2014. The series was directed by Masaomi Ando at Lerche, with scripts by manga writer Norimitsu Kaihō and character design by Haruko Iikuza. The series aired between July 9 and September 24, 2015. The series features four pieces of theme music; one opening theme and three ending themes. The opening theme is  by Gakuen Seikatsu-bu (Inori Minase, Ari Ozawa, M.A.O, and Rie Takahashi). The ending theme is  by Maon Kurosaki for episodes 1–3, 5, and 9, "We took each other's hand" by Kaori Sawada for episode 4, and  by Kurosaki for episode 6–8 and 10–11. A drama CD based on the anime television series was released at Comiket 88 on August 14, 2015.

The series was simulcast by Crunchyroll. The series was licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and released on Blu-ray and DVD with an English dub on June 27, 2017. After the acquisition of Crunchyroll by Sony Pictures Television, School-Live!, among several Sentai Filmworks titles, was dropped from the Crunchyroll streaming service on March 31, 2022.

Episode list

Live-action film

A live-action film adaptation of School-Live! was announced in the January 2018 issue of Manga Time Kirara Forward in November 2017. The film was directed by Issei Shibata and stars the members of idol group Last Idol. It was released in Japan on January 25, 2019.

Other media
Yuki appeared as a support character in a fighting game called Nitroplus Blasterz: Heroines Infinite Duel, which was released in December 2015. She, along with the other characters, also appears in the 2017 mobile RPG, Kirara Fantasia.

Reception

Manga
The official Twitter account of Houbunsha's Manga Time Kirara magazines has announced that School-Live! has two million copies in print as of March 2017. The English release of the first three volumes were also included on the American Library Association's list of 2017 Great Graphic Novels for Teens, and the fifth and sixth volumes made the 2018 list. School-Live! was nominated for the 52nd Seiun Awards in the Best Comic category in 2021.

Anime
The first episode of the anime was well-received and sparked a ten-fold increase in manga sales. It was also viewed more than one million times on Niconico.

References

External links

2012 manga
2015 anime television series debuts
2015 Japanese television series endings
Apocalyptic anime and manga
Anime series based on manga
Fiction with unreliable narrators
Horror anime and manga
Houbunsha manga
Lerche (studio)
Madman Entertainment anime
Manga adapted into films
Manga adapted into television series
NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan
Nitroplus
Psychological thriller anime and manga
School life in anime and manga
Seinen manga
Sentai Filmworks
Slice of life anime and manga
Tokyo MX original programming
Yen Press titles
Zombies in anime and manga


title: Jeffrey Umland

text:
Jeffrey Umland is the Chief Mechanical Engineer of NASA's InSight mission. He previously served as the Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Curiosity Rover at NASA's Mars Science Laboratory.

Background
Umland received his B.S. and Ph.D in mechanical engineering from the State University of New York at Buffalo in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences in 1985 and 1991, respectively. In April 2014, he received the University's Clifford C. Furnas Memorial Award for achievement and distinction in science and engineering.

Mission achievements
As the Chief Mechanical Engineer for the Curiosity MSL mission, Umland and his team were able to successfully land the rover on the surface of Mars on August 5, 2012. He led the project's mechanical engineering technical development during the mission. Umland also lead his team to invent the rover's "Sky-crane".

Prior to MSL, Umland was the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's structural dynamics lead for the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), which flew on STS-99.

Currently, Umland is the Chief Mechanical Engineer for NASA's InSight mission, which is expected to launch in March 2016 and land on Mars in September 2016.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American mechanical engineers
University at Buffalo alumni
NASA people


title: Basketball Zweite Liga

text:
The Basketball Zweite Liga (B2L) is the second tier basketball league in Austria. The winners of each season are promoted to the Austrian Basketball Superliga (BSL), if meeting the league requirements.

History
The second division was founded in 2006–07, but that season just 4 teams participated. After that season the league was divided in three regional divisions. In the 2011–12 season all teams in the league played each other again. Before the start of the 2013–14 season, both the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga were formed to leagues with 11 teams. Since the 2014–15 season, one team that was relegated from the first league will start playing in the second division.

Clubs
 Basket Flames
 BBU Salzburg
 citycenter Amstetten Falcons
 KOŠ Posojilnica Bank Celovec (K)
 BK Mattersburg Rocks
 Panaceo Villach Raiders
 Raiffeisen Dornbirn Lions
 Raiffeisen Radenthein Garnets
 UKJ Hypo Mistelbach
 Wörthersee Piraten

Champions

References

External links
 Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga Official Website

Basketball leagues in Austria
Austria
Sports leagues established in 2007
2007 establishments in Austria
Professional sports leagues in Austria


title: European Union Training Mission in Somalia

text:
The European Union Training Mission Somalia (EUTM Somalia) is a training operation for the Somali Armed Forces conducted by military officials from European Union states.

Operations

On 10 April 2010, the European Union launched a military training mission in Somalia (EUTM Somalia), with a mandate to support the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and assist in strengthening national institutions.

EUTM Somalia was originally centered on training activities. Due to the political and security situation in Somalia at the time, the mission initially conducted training abroad in Uganda. Its headquarters were temporarily based in Kampala, and training was held at a military camp in Bihanga. On 22 January 2013, the Council of the European Union extended EUTM Somalia's mandate for a third time to March 2015, in the process adding strategic advisory and mentoring activities to the mission's areas of focus.

Since its establishment, EUTM Somalia officials have trained around 3,600 Somali army personnel. In the first few months of 2014, the mission permanently transferred all of its advisory, mentoring and training activities to Somalia, where it now operates a Mentoring Advisory and Training Element (MATE HQ) in Mogadishu.

In February 2014, EUTM Somalia began its first "Train the Trainers" programme at the Jazeera Training Camp in Mogadishu. 60 Somali National Army soldiers that had been previously trained by EUTM would take part in a four-week refresher course on infantry techniques and procedures, including international humanitarian law and military ethics. The training would be conducted by 16 EU trainers. Following the course's completion, the Somali soldiers would be qualified as instructors to then train SNA recruits, with mentoring provided by EUTM Somalia personnel.
A team of EUTM Somalia advisors also started offering strategic advice to the Somali Ministry of Defence and General Staff. Additionally, capacity building, advice and specific mentoring with regard to security sector development and training are envisioned for 2014.

Mission
EUTM Somalia is partnered with the Somali authorities to a build a professional national military that is accountable to the Somali government. Its activities take place within the framework of the European Union's overall presence in Somalia, including political, security and civic engagement.

Commanders
As of March 2015, EUTM Somalia was commanded by Brigadier General Antonio Maggi (Italy). He succeeded Brigadier General Massimo Mingiardi (Italy), Brigadier General Gerald Aherne (Ireland), Colonel Michael Beary (Ireland), and Colonel Ricardo Gonzalez Elul (Spain).

Funding
Between February 2013-March 2015, common funding for EUTM Somalia totals €11.6 million.

Partnerships
EUTM Somalia works in close cooperation and coordination with other international parties and stakeholders. Among these are the United Nations, the United States Department of State, and the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM).

Additionally, EUTM Somalia has a Support Cell in Brussels and a Liaison Office in Nairobi.

See also
Operation Atalanta

References

 Nilsson, Claes, Norberg, Johan, European Union Training Mission Somalia: A Mission Assessment, 2014.

External links
European Union Training Mission Somalia

Somalia
Military operations involving Portugal


title: Crawford Composites

text:
Crawford Composites is an American manufacturer of carbon fiber and composite parts company based in Denver, North Carolina. Crawford designs and manufacture structural and non-structural composite components in industries such as aerospace, aviation, motor sports, health care, defense and structural construction.

History

Max Crawford
Crawford Composites founder Max Crawford started as a racing driver and mechanic in the New Zealand Open Saloon Car Association racing series in his home country in 1966. Crawford moved to the USA to join Dick Barbour Racing as a mechanic in the IMSA GT Championship. After the disbandment of Dick Barbour Racing the New Zealander joined John Fitzpatrick Racing as a crew chief. After successes in Can-Am, Group C and a third place in the 1984 24 Hours of Le Mans, Crawford moved to North Carolina in 1987.

Mazda RX-792P
In 1991 Crawford was contracted by Mazda Motorsports to construct the chassis for the Mazda RX-792P. Lee Dykstra designed the car as Crawford Composites was contracted to manufacture the car. The car was designed to incorporate many style elements of the new Mazda RX-7. The chassis was a honeycomb aluminium monocoque. The GTP sports car was powered by a Mazda R26B Wankel engine. Two cars were built for Mazda Motorsports. The car encountered several problems in the IMSA GT Championship. During practice of the 1992 Grand Prix of Miami the #001 chassis caught fire. The fire was caused by the exhaust setting the bodywork on fire. Drivers Price Cobb and Pete Halsmer were unable to take part in the race. During the 1992 12 Hours of Sebring the car caught fire again. The two cars competed a total of 22 races in the 1992 IMSA GT Championship season. The cars scored two podium finishes, a third place at Lime Rock Park and a second place at Watkins Glen International Raceway. After a number of technical failures to finish the cars were retired after the season.

IRL
Crawford Composites was contracted by Riley & Scott to construct the chassis for their Indy Racing League program. The Crawford Composites constructed Riley & Scott Mk. V made its racing debut during the 1998 Indy 200 at Walt Disney World Speedway. Eliseo Salazar finished twelfth in the race. The best result was a sixth place achieved by Salazar at New Hampshire Motor Speedway. A total of eight Mk. V chassis were constructed.

Sport prototypes

For the 2001 Grand American Road Racing Championship season Crawford designed and built the Crawford SSC2K. The car was designed by Andy Scriven who joined Crawford in April 1999 after leaving Lola. The GTP sports car was powered by a Judd V10 engine. The car was built for Kevin Doran's racing team, Doran Racing. During the two years the car was contested the car was fitted with various different front end designs. The blunt nose suffered similar issues as experienced by the Reynard 2KQ, the airflow towards the rear end was disrupted. By 2002 the Crawford followed Lola B2K/10's example with regard to the aerodynamic design. In the cars second season the car scored its first win. At Virginia International Raceway Andy Wallace and Chris Dyson won the 500 km race.

In 2003 the Rolex Sports Car Series introduced the Daytona Prototype class. Crawford was one of seven original Daytona Prototype constructors. The Crawford DP03 debuted in the 2004 Rolex Sports Car Series season. Three DP03's entered pre-season testing at Daytona International Speedway. The Howard-Boss Motorsports entry driven by Dale Earnhardt Jr., Tony Stewart and Andy Wallace was the fastest Crawford fourth overall. The team finished fifth in the 2004 24 Hours of Daytona. The DP03's won three races during the season. The DP03 won eleven races between 2003 and 2008. A total of eleven DP03's were built. After the 2008 season the second generation of Daytona Prototypes was presented. The DP08 was less successful than its predecessor. The cars best finish was an eighth place at the 2009 24 Hours of Daytona. Crawford did not design a third generation Daytona Prototype.

Grand-Am GT

Chief designer Andy Scriven designed the Crawford GT06 chassis to compete in the Rolex Sports Car Series GT category. The GT06 project originally began after Crawford was approached to build a Ford Mustang GT for Blackforest Motorsports. The chassis was designed to accommodate a wide range of wheelbases and drivetrains for various manufacturers. The GT06 chassis made its debut in the 2007 Rolex Sports Car Series season. The GT06 had a tough opening season with Porsche's dominating the season. With Pontiac joining the title fight the Crawford struggled. Due to a lack of results more teams switched to the more successful marques.

Formula racecars
Crawford Composites first attempt at formula racing came in 2014. In conjunction with High Performance Group, the constructed announced the creation of the Formula Lites. The series is planned to run a full schedule in 2015 sanctioned by SCCA Pro Racing. The Crawford FL15 has a carbon fiber monocoque chassis built according to FIA F3 technical regulations. The car would initially be powered by a 2L Volkswagen engine. Later it was announced the car will feature a Honda power plant. The 2.4 L Honda K24 engine will be built by Honda Performance Development. The racing class was announced with the unveiling of the car at the North American Motorsports Expo. The FL15 made its debut at Virginia International Raceway with Dane Cameron behind the wheel. Cameron ran two exhibition sessions during the 2014 Ultimate Track Car Challenge.

In 2016, the Crawford F4 was launched for the Formula 4 United States Championship. It features a 2000cc Honda K20C naturally aspirated engine, detuned to 160 hp.

In 2018, the Ligier Crawford JS F3 will debut at Formula 3 Americas Championship. It will have a 270 hp turbocharged version of the Honda K20C engine.

Cars

References

External links

American racecar constructors
1998 establishments in North Carolina
Sports car manufacturers


title: Jakob Streit

text:
Jakob Streit (23 September 1910 in Spiez, Switzerland – 15 May 2009 in Spiez) was a Swiss author, teacher and anthroposophist. Besides this he worked as musician and choirmaster as well as conductor and dramaturg

Biography

Jakob Streit was born in the Berner Oberland in Switzerland, the son of a watchmaker, and lived there for most of his life. He had four brothers and sisters and everyone helped to tend the family beehives, their cow and calf and their sheep.

He studied education at the teacher training college in Bern, where his skills in Music, Education and Literature were honed. His musical education he completed with Hans Klee, the father of artist Paul Klee, then began on a career as teacher of different age groups, in the course of which the many stories he told to the children were published as children's stories in over forty books. Many of these are translated into English and other languages. His educational method, and particularly his music instruction drew heavily on the indications of Rudolf Steiner on Waldorf education.

“When one has told stories to different age groups of children for 45 years on a daily basis, one learns a great deal from them, one is carried on the wings of Poetry, of the imagination. In later years, this interest grows into everything that is truly human. For example, this is how I came to write my first book about gnomes: A girl in the third grade brought a beautiful Edelweiss to my desk one morning, saying: “My father gave it to me and told me that, if you can tell us how the Edelweiss came about, you can keep it.” Quickly the children all sat down at their desks, for in their eyes the teacher of the third grade is capable of anything at all. Forty pairs of eyes are looking expectantly at you. (...) I began thoughtfully; soon there were gnomes and elves in the picture, finding magic ways to transform the stars of the night into the Edelweiss. Carried by the astonished eyes of the children, my story must have gone on for about 20 minutes. When the Edelweiss had finally been created, a little boy stood up and proclaimed: “Tomorrow you must deal with the Gentian.” In this manner, from day to day, we found our way through the different flowers of the mountains. I was not able to prepare at all. I needed the children to be there. Afterwards I wrote down the stories that had come about. They have been published as “Bergblumen Märchen” today with the publisher Oratio Verlag in Schaffhausen.”

After producing plays with children, he broadened his interest to amateur theatre direction, in the course of which he inaugurated the William Tell festival plays in Interlaken and the Spiez Castle Plays. Having studied Piano and Organ, his work as choir conductor led him to produce a succession of operas, amongst others The Magic Flute and Orpheus and Euridice.

Questions of Art, Art History and culture occupied him all his life and after his retirement he began to lecture in most of Europe besides increasing the scope of his literary work. For many years he was editor of the AVS-Mitteilungen, the newssheet of the Anthroposophische Vereinigung in der Schweiz, continuing with this until his death at 99 years of age.

References

Literary work

Books for Children and Young People

And There Was Light – From the Creation of the World to Noah's Ark Jakob Streit; Translated by Ekkehard Piening AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2006
Brother Francis – The Life of Francis of Assisi Jakob Streit, AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2013
Geron and Virtus – A Fateful Encounter of Two Youths: A German and a Roman, Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2006
Invisible Guardians – True Stories of Fateful Encounters Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2011
Journey to the Promised Land – The Path of the People of Israel from Abraham's Calling to David's Dream Jakob Streit; Translated by Donald Samson AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 1999
Liputto – Stories of Gnomes and Trolls Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina J. Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 1999
Little Bee Sunbeam Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2010
Milon and the Lion Jakob Streit; Translated by Wolfgang Forsthofer and Auriol de Smidt. Floris Books 2011
Puck the Gnome Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2004
The Star Rider and Anna McLoon – Two Tales from Ireland Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2010
We Will Build a Temple – The Path of Israel from King Solomon to John the Baptist Jakob Streit; Translated by Donald Samson AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2004
What Animals Say to Each Other – 30 Nature Fables in Rhyme Jakob Streit; Kilian Beck AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2013 SBN 9781936367238
The Bee Book Jakob Streit AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2010
Three Knight Tales Jakob Streit; Translated by Nina Kuettel AWSNA (Association of Waldorf Schools of North America) 2012
Little Gnome Tenderroot by Jakob Streit, illustrated by Georges Feldmann and translated by Nina Keuttel. Waldorf Publications; 27 January 2014.
Beatuslegenden. Troxler, Bern 1940
Kindheitslegenden. Troxler, Bern 1941
Tiergeschichten. Atlantis, Zürich 1941
Dreikönigsbuch. Troxler, Bern 1951
Bergblumenmärchen. Atlantis, Zürich 1954
Kleine Schöpfungsgeschichte. Novalis, Freiburg im Breisgau 1956
Die Söhne Kains. Novalis, Freiburg im Breisgau 1959
Die schöne Magelone. Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk (SJW), Zürich 1960
Von Zwergen und Wildmannli. SJW, Zürich 1965
Rösli von Stechelberg. SJW, Zürich 1968
Beatus, ein irischer Glaubensbote. SJW, Zürich 1968
Ich will dein Bruder sein. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1979
Der erste Weihnachtsbaum. Erzählungen. Novalis, Freiburg im Breisgau 1983
Ziehet hin ins gelobte Land. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1983
Tatatucks Reise. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1984
Louis Braille. Ein blinder Junge erfindet die Blindenschrift. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1987
Geschichten vom Schenken und Helfen des Sankt Nikolaus. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1989
Miriam zu Betlehem. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1989
Ich will dein Bruder sein. Legende. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1989
Die Zauberflöte. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1991
Zwerg Wurzelfein. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1992
Die Geschichte der zwei Jesusknaben. Die Pforte, Basel 1992
Im Rosenhaus. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1992
Ajuk und die Eisbären. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1993
Das Osterlamm. Legende. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1993
Nagick, das Eichhörnchen. AT, Aarau 1993
Puck und der Regenbogen. Drei Zwerge besuchen das Menschenreich. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1996
Odilie. Botin des Lichts. Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1997
Columban. Ein Kämpfer für das irische Christentum. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 2002
Königskind und Hirtenkind. Die Geschichte der beiden Jesusknaben. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 2003

Non-fiction

Sun and Cross – From Megalithic Culture to Early Christianity in Ireland Jakob Streit; Translated by Hugh Latham, Floris Books 2004
Erziehungskunst und Elternhaus. Die Kommenden, Freiburg im Breisgau 1954
Newly published as: Erziehung, Schule, Elternhaus. Erziehungsfragen und Erziehungshilfen. Novalis, Schaffhausen 1978
Das Märchen im Leben des Kindes. Brügger, Meiringen 1964
Neuausgabe als: Warum Kinder Märchen brauchen. Verlag am Goetheanum (Ogham-Bücherei 24), Dornach 1985
Waldorfpädagogik in öffentlichen Schulen. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1976
Vom Werden der Welt. Novalis, Schaffhausen 1981
Comics oder Märchen? Gift oder Nahrung für die Seelen unserer Kinder (with Elisabeth Klein). Verein für ein erweitertes Heilwesen, Bad Liebenzell 2. A. 1984

Other

Therese Keller – Porträt einer Puppenspielerin (as editor). Zytglogge, Gümligen 1974
Anna Samweber: Aus meinem Leben (as editor). Die Pforte, Basel 1981
Parzival. Der Weg zum heiligen Gral. Retold by Jakob Streit to illustrations by Werner Diedrich. Die Pforte, Basel 1997
Wegspuren. Poetry. Pforte, Dornach 2000

Radio Plays and Broadcasts

Beatus, ein irischer Glaubensbote. Radio DRS, Bern 1950
Der vierte König. DRS, Bern 1952
Clara von Rappard. DRS, Bern 1957

Plays
Rösli vom Stechelberg. The Freie Marionettenbühne Wengen performs this as a puppet play in 4 acts, Premiere 25 December 2002.

External links
 Own Homepage

 Entry for Jakob Streit in the Author's Association of Switzerland

German-language writers
Swiss writers
Anthroposophists
1910 births
2009 deaths


title: Harfush dynasty

text:
The Harfush dynasty (or Harfouche, Harfuch, Harfouch, or most commonly spelled Harfoush dynasty, all varying transcriptions of the same Arabic family name  حرفوش) was a dynasty that descended from the Khuza'a tribe, which helped, during the reign of Muhammad, in the conquest of Syria. The Harfush dynasty controlled the Baalbek District and several parts of the Bekaa Valley. Their being Shiaa was a major factor in the rivalry between the Harfushes and the Lebanese Druze Maan family.

The Shiaa notables such as the Harfush emirs of Baalbek and Bekaa Valley were among the most sought-after local intermediaries of the Ottoman state. Later the Hamadas rose to power.  They exercised control over multiple tax farms in the rural hinterland of Tripoli in the seventeenth century through complex relationships with both the Ottoman state authorities and the local non-Shiaa communities. The Harfush and Hamadas both belonged to Shia Islam in Lebanon, the Harfush emirate of the Bekaa Valley and the Hamadas of Mt Lebanon challenged the territorial extension and power of the Druze emirate of the Shuf. Unlike the Druze, the Shiaa
 emirs were regularly denounced for their religious identity and persecuted under Ebu's-Suud's definition of (Kızılbaş) heretics.

The Harfushes had been a regionally paramount dynasty since early Mamluk times and even served as patrons of local Shiaa shrines and scholars. To the Ottomans they were therefore always leading candidates for local fiscal and political offices, including for the military governorship of the sub-province of Homs, to which they were appointed to partially offset the influence of the increasingly hegemonic Druze emirate.

History

Fifteenth century
The late Mamluk historian Ibn Tawq identifies an Ibn Harfush as a muqaddam of the Anti-Lebanon mountain villages al-Jebbeh and Assal al-Ward as early as 1483. Later, Ibn al-Himsi and Ibn Tulun mention one as deputy (na'ib) of Baalbek in 1498. The unnamed Ibn Harfush appears in an Ottoman archival source as early as 1516, when he and several other local notables signed a letter offering their submission to Sultan Selim I, but was executed in 1518 by Janbirdi al-Ghazali as a rebel.

Sixteenth century
There is no further word on Musa Harfush's eventual participation in the Yemen campaign (which was in fact directed against the forces of the Zaydi Shiite imam), and in later years the Harfushes would be appointed sancak-beğs of Homs and Tadmur rather than of Sidon. If nothing else, his being selected to lead a tribal auxiliary division in return for an official governorship in 1568, more than twenty years before the Ma‘n family received their emiral title, points towards both the possibilities and the limits of Shiite enfranchisement under Ottoman rule: the progressive monetarization of provincial government and the privatization of military power in the later sixteenth century created a context in which non-
Sunni tribal leaders constituted viable, even ideal, candidates for local tax and police concessions, accredited by the state and integrated into the imperial military administrative hierarchy. Yet their success would also depend on their ability to hold sway locally, to transcend their narrow parochial bases, raise revenues and capitalize on western Syria's changing economic situation. The Harfush emirs were among the first in the region to be co-opted by the Ottoman state, but would in the long run not stand up to the competition of other local forces.

Turning Sidon-Beirut into a beğlerbeğlik
As elsewhere in the empire, administrative units such as , eyalets and tax farms were not precisely delimited but could be reorganized according to the government's needs or the assignee's personal importance. The Ottomans briefly contemplated turning Sidon-Beirut into a beğlerbeğlik under ‘Ali Harfush in 1585; starting in 1590 Fakhr al-Din Ma‘n and his sons held Safad and then Sidon-Beirut for many years as sancak-beğs.

Seventeenth century

Battle of ‘Anjar
The Harfush leader Emir Yunus al-Harfush was in a conflict with the Lebanese Druze lord Fakhr al-Din in the early 1600s because of that conflict Fakhr al-Din decided to pull into the Bekaa valley. The Harfush dynasty wanted to take over the Ma'an family realm during Fakhr al-Din's exile. Yunus had an ally, Mustafa Pasha who was the governor of Damascus. Yunus and Pasha wanted to take the sanjak of Safad from Fakhr al-Din. Fakhr al-din returned from Italy, marched across the Bekaa. He captured Mustafa Pasha and defeated the Harfush's Emir.

Bekaa Valley before and after the battle of ‘Anjar can be obtained from a recently
published register of iltizam appointments for the province of Damascus. Covering the years 1616 to 1635, the register among other things provides documentary evidence of the Harfushes’ growing marginalization as well as of the rise of the Shihabis of Wadi Taym as new contenders for government tax farms in the region.
Beginning in 1618, for example, around the time of Fakhr al-Din's return from Tuscany, Yunus Harfush came under pressure to renounce the income normally due to the emin of Baalbek from the village of ‘Aytha, after the mufti of Damascus (a native of ‘Aytha) had petitioned for it to be set aside for himself in the supposed interest of reviving and repopulating the area. Even in later years, after the Harfushes had retaken control of the Bekaa from the Ma‘ns and the mufti was long dead, the village remained formally excluded from their holdings.
The register also sheds light on the administrative context of the fitna (strife) between the Harfushes and Ma‘ns in 1623–24. It corroborates local chroniclers’ claims that Fakhr al-Din offered to send the sultan 100,000 gold coins for the Baalbek tax concession, but casts doubt on the notion that the governor of Damascus simply ‘paid no heed’ to the offer or ignored the Sublime Porte's orders to instate him. Fakhr al-Din's offer was matched by Yunus, and the iltizam was reconfirmed to his son ‘Ali Harfush by the kadıs of Damascus and Baalbek immediately after the battle of ‘Anjar.

One of their well-known scholars
There was at least one Imami scholar from the Bekaa by the name of Harfush in the Ottoman period:
Muhammad ibn ‘Ali al-Harfushi (died 1649), a cloth-maker, grammarian and poet from Karak Nuh, was apparently persecuted for rafd in Damascus and then moved to Iran, where he received an official state post.

Eighteenth century

The battle of Ayn Dara and the role of Harfush's emir
The Harfushes appear to have been back in control of Baalbek by 1702, when local accounts indicate that a Christian shaykh of ‘Aqura in Mt Lebanon entered emir Husayn’s (Harfush) service as yazıcı, or secretary, on account of his Turkish skills. In 1711, French consular reports suggest, Husayn Harfush gave shelter to Haydar Shihabi and then supplied 2,500 troops to help him wipe out his Druze rivals in the Battle of Ain Dara, and establish himself as sole emir of the Shuf. curiously not addressed in H. A. al-Shihabi or any other chronicles of the period.

Support to the Shiaa of Mount Lebanon
The Ottoman court historian Raşid (d. 1735) telescopes several important events into his official account (but omits the atrocities committed against the Shiaa villagers). The Hamadas, who were supported by the ʿAwjan as well as the Harfush, were caught in heavy snows while fleeing toward Baalbek. An estimated 150 men perished. Only the Khazins now prevented the wholesale slaughter of the survivors, by disingenuously claiming they had no permission from Maan to leave the province of Tripoli, and directed the imperial forces elsewhere. Still, Ali Paşa was not to be satisfied. A manhunt began for the Hamadas and their confederates, Shiaa  or otherwise. Untold villages were torched, women enslaved, and severed heads brought back to Tripoli. In late August, he sent another army into the Ftuh just to pillage the farmsteads. In the course of an attempt to retrieve some of their animals, Husayn ibn Sirhan, his cousin Hasan Dib and several companions were caught and killed. In late October, when Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi visited Tripoli, Ali Paşa was still out "battling the pertinacious heretics, the Hamada faction".

Close alliance to the Orthodox
Like the Hamadas, the Harfush emirs were involved on more than one occasion in the selection of church officials and the running of local monasteries. Tradition holds that many Christians quit the Baalbek region in the eighteenth century for the newer, more secure town of Zahle on account of the Harfushes’ oppression and rapacity, but more critical studies have questioned this interpretation, pointing out that the
Harfushes were closely allied to the Orthodox Ma‘luf family of Zahle (where Mustafa Harfush took refuge some years later) and showing that depredations from various quarters as well as Zahle's growing commercial attractiveness accounted for Baalbek's decline in the eighteenth century. What repression there was did not always target the Christian community per se. The Shiite ‘Usayran family, for example, is also said to have left Baalbek in this period to avoid expropriation by the Harfushes, establishing itself as one of the premier commercial households of Sidon and later even serving as consuls of Iran.

Siege of Zahle
Says a contemporary Christian historian of the siege of Zahle' in 1841:
"The harfushes did not credit Zahle' only, but also all Christians in Lebanon. The Christians would have been humiliated if they had lost their battle (Zahle’) against the Duruze, who had (the Duruze) earlier won the battle in Deir Al Qamar" (The Harfushes stood behind the Christians and defeated the Duruze in the battle field of Zahle').

End
In 1865 the Ottoman government ordered to send the last Harfush emirs to Edirne in Turkey for exile; later most of them returned to Baalbeck, but others could not and stayed in Istanbul; subsequently Emir Ahmad bin Mohamad bin Soultan El -Harfouche was transferred to Cairo.

Effect of disappearance of the Harfush emirate
The abrupt disappearance of the Harfush emirate left the Shiite community of Baalbek bereft of any anciently rooted, indigenous social leadership, making it that much more of a likely venue for the rise of foreign-inspired, ideological mass movements such as Communism, Nasirism and the Hizb Allah in Lebanon's tumultuous 20th century.

Present
Today, Al Harfouch still own large acres of lands in Baalbek, the main cemetery of Baalbek and two villages are left in their memory, the Harfouche village and the Mrah el Harfouch village. The name of Yunus al-Harfouche is also engraved on the oldest mosque in the city of Baalbek. Nowadays, in the city it is more frequently referred to as Al Harfouch family instead of Harfouch dynasty. However, in the local families of the bekkaa still hold Al Harfouch to their high standards as the heroic defenders of region and its people.

See also
 Shia Islam in Lebanon

Gallery

References

Sources

Lebanese noble families
Ottoman period in Lebanon
Arab dynasties
Shia Islam in Lebanon


title: Digital Lows

text:
Digital Lows is the debut mixtape by American rapper, Cities Aviv. It was released on May 2, 2011, through Fat Sandwich Records. Produced by various artists including Muted Drone, RPLD GHOSTS and Danny Dee, the mixtape earned attention and critical acclaim from various music publications.

Musical style and production
The beats on the mixtape, which feature chillwave elements, were described as "imaginative but still traditionalist." The track "Black Box" samples Gil Scott-Heron's "Winter in America." The track "Die Young" features a looped sample of Depeche Mode's "People Are People," creating a hybrid style akin to "Rammellzee's avant-rap and Southern fight-rap." The tracks "A Beautiful Hell", "Doom x Gloom", and "sixsixsixes" are influenced by hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. The track "Meet Me on Montrose (For Ex-Lovers Only)" is based on a sample of Alessi Brothers' "Oh Lori" while the track uses a sample from electronic music act Blackbird Blackbird's cover of a Modest Mouse song, "Float On."

While his flow was compared to those of RZA, the album's soul music leanings and storytelling were compared to the works of underground hip hop groups such as The Nonce and Natural Elements.

Critical reception

The mixtape generally received positive reviews. Pitchfork reviewer Brandon Soderberg stated: "Balance is important here, and the darkest moments of Digital Lows soon enough let up to highlight Cities Aviv's most winning quality: his mordant humanity." He also further stated: "Even the usual hip-hop clichés are afforded specificity thanks to his expressive wit and precise determination not to use words in the same exact way as every other rapper." Jon Caramanica of The New York Times described the album as "lullingly pretty."

Accolades

Track listing

Personnel
 Gavin Mays - vocals, lyrics, performance

Producers
 Muted Drone
 RPLD GHOSTS
 Danny Dee
 Upgrayde
 Royal'T
 Blackbird Blackbird

Other personnel
 Matt Qualls - recording
 Drew Ryan - cover art

References

External links
 Cities Aviv - Digital Lows on Bandcamp

2011 debut albums
2011 mixtape albums
Cities Aviv albums


title: Tjejvasan

text:
Tjejvasan is a cross-country skiing event in Sweden, running from Oxberg to Mora, a distance of 30 kilometers. It is only open to female skiers. Being annual, the first event was first held in 1988.

Winners
Winners throughout the years.
 1988 – Karin Värnlund, IFK Mora
 1989 – Marie Johansson, Dala Järna IK
 1990 – cancelled because of lack of snow
 1991 – Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
 1992 – Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
 1993 – Carina Görlin, Hudiksvalls IF
 1994 – Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
 1995 – Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
 1996 – Kerrin Petty, IFK Mora
 1997 – Kerrin Petty, Stockviks SF
 1998 – Bente Martinsen, Norway
 1999 – Elin Ek, Bergeforsens SK
 2000 – Annika Evaldsson, IFK Mora
 2001 – Anita Moen, Norway
 2002 – Emelie Öhrstig, Stockviks SF
 2003 – Ulrica Persson, SK Bore
 2004 – Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen, Norway
 2005 – Sofia Bleckur, IK Jarl
 2006 – Elin Ek, IFK Mora
 2007 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2008 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2009 – Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
 2010 – Susanne Nyström, IFK Mora
 2011 – Jenny Hansson, Östersunds SK
 2012 – Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
 2013 – Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
 2014 – Sofia Bleckur, IFK Mora
 2015 – Laila Kveli, Norway
 2016 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
 2017 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
 2018 - Kateřina Smutná, Czech Republic
 2019 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
 2020 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
 2021 – Lina Korsgren, Åre LSK
 2022 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
 2023 – Ida Dahl, Team Engcon

See also
 Tjejmilen
 Tjejtrampet
 Vasaloppet

References

External links
The event at SVT's open archive

1988 establishments in Sweden
February sporting events
Recurring sporting events established in 1988
Women's sports competitions in Sweden
Cross-country skiing competitions in Sweden


title: Kansas Saloon Smashers

text:
Kansas Saloon Smashers is a 1901 comedy short film produced and distributed by Edison Studios. Directed by Edwin S. Porter, it is a satire of American activist Carrie Nation. The film portrays Nation and her followers entering and destroying a saloon. After the bartender retaliates by spraying Nation with water, policemen order them out; the identities of the actors are not known. Inspiration for the film was provided by an editorial cartoon which appeared in the New York Evening Journal.

Kansas Saloon Smashers became a success upon its March release, and inspired other films about Nation to be produced by Lubin Manufacturing Company and Biograph Company. It was not the only film produced by Edison Studios to mock Nation; released the same year, Why Mr. Nation Wants a Divorce parodied the relationship between Nation and her husband. A print of the film is preserved in the Library of Congress, and it was released on DVD in 2007.

Plot
A bartender is working at a saloon, serving drinks to customers. After he fills a stereotypically Irish man's bucket with beer, Carrie Nation and her followers burst inside. They assault the Irish man, pulling his hat over his eyes and then dumping the beer over his head. The group then begin wrecking the bar, smashing the fixtures, mirrors, and breaking the cash register. The bartender then sprays seltzer water in Nation's face before a group of policemen appear and order everybody to leave.

Production

After American activist Carrie Nation first attacked a saloon in December 1900, silent motion pictures dealing with the subject of alcohol began to be produced, a testament to Nation's national notoriety and her influence over studios at the time. Kansas Saloon Smashers was produced by Edison Studios as a parody of Nation's crusade. Charles Musser, a film historian, writes that "the front page of the New York Journal was an excellent indicator of events considered worthy of the Kinetograph Department's attention throughout 1901–1902."

The director of Kansas Saloon Smashers was Edwin S. Porter, a projectionist who came to work for Edison as a cameraman in 1900. Eventually, Porter became the director responsible for all of Edison Studios' output. Porter based the set off of a photograph of a wrecked saloon which appeared in the Journal, while the characters and plot were based on editorial cartoons published in the paper. Porter frequently read the publication when he wanted inspiration on topics that filmgoers would be interested in.

With production supervised by James H. White, Porter was assisted by George S. Fleming during the creation of Kansas Saloon Smashers. Fleming was an actor and scenic designer at Edison Studios, who had joined the studio in January 1901. Porter operated the camera for the film, and also developed the footage. Kansas Saloon Smashers marked one of the first short films to be created under Fleming and Porter's partnership. While none of the identities of the people who appeared in the picture are recorded, it is known the women in the film were played by men in drag, rendering them sexually unattractive.

Kansas Saloon Smashers features stop action techniques, used to portray Nation destroying the bar; it was shot in black-and-white.  A copyright was filed for the film on February 2, 1903. The finished product comprised around 60 to 65 feet (around 18 m) of 35 mm film. Kansas Saloon Smashers was not the only satire of Nation to be produced by Edison Studios. Why Mr. Nation Wants a Divorce, a comedy picture released the same year, was inspired by news articles on Nation's husband requesting a divorce.

Critical analysis

Kansas Saloon Smashers has been categorized as burlesque, re-enactment, and political satire. Being based on a recent news event, it is noted as helping further the "visual newspaper" style of film. The short portrays saloons as positive, sanitary places rather than immoral establishments. In Musser's book The Emergence of Cinema, he writes that "the women's invasion of a male refuge is seemingly attributed to sexual frustration and the concomitant need for revenge," while author Karen Blumenthal opined that Kansas Saloon Smashers suggests women were only attacking due to a few miscreants being present in the establishments.

Film critic Dave Kehr noted in a 2007 The New York Times article that, along with Why Mr. Nation Wants a Divorce, the film now seems dated due to the fact that "the evil influence of liquor is no longer the burning question it was". Critic Alan Scherstuhl wrote in Village Voice that the film worked as "evidence that the first things our visual mass-media culture sold to its audience were comic licentiousness — and the impulse to clean such filth up."

Release
Initially advertised as Mrs. Carrie Nation and Her Hatchet Brigade, Kansas Saloon Smashers was distributed by Edison Studios and first released on March 16, 1901. A unique publicity still was created for the film, a rare occasion at the time. Upon release, the film was screened at Bradenburgh's Ninth and Arch Street Museum in Philadelphia, where it received an entire bill. Nevertheless, the short made Nation and her followers incensed, and Nation found the view of saloons Porter's film offered to be "disturbing".

The film proved to be very successful, inspiring other films about Nation to be produced by other studios; Biograph Company made Carrie Nation Smashing a Saloon in April, while Lubin Manufacturing Company had produced a film entitled Mrs. Nation and Her Hatchet Brigade by early March. Siegmund Lubin had attempted to capitalize on the success of Kansas Saloon Smashers by making a film where Nation herself appeared; when he was unable to contact her, an actress was hired to play her. Lubin arranged with a Camden bar owner to film a staged destruction scene; however, the actress proved so convincing that bystanders began to destroy the bar for real and Lubin was forced to pay up to seven hundred dollars damage.

Kansas Saloon Smashers film is now in the public domain, and a paper print is preserved in the Library of Congress. This paper print was used to recover the film for a 2007 DVD release, as part of the compilation Social Issues in American Film 1900–1934. The compilation, part of the Treasures from American Film Archives produced by the National Film Preservation Foundation, features several films from the period which had particular focus on common issues at their releases. The other Edison-produced Nation film, Why Mr. Nation Wants a Divorce, is also included.

References

Bibliography

External links

1901 films
1901 comedy films
American silent short films
American black-and-white films
Films about alcoholism
Films directed by Edwin S. Porter
Films set in Kansas
Articles containing video clips
Silent American comedy films
1900s American films
Carrie Nation
American comedy short films
1900s English-language films


title: Acropora listeri

text:
Acropora listeri is a species of acroporid coral found in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the northern Indian Ocean, Australia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, southeast Asia, the East China Sea and the central and western Pacific Ocean. It is also present in Mauritius. The species is found in tropical shallow reefs on their upper slopes, especially in locations exposed to the action of strong waves, at depths of between . It was described by Brook in 1893.

Description
It occurs in either corymbose or clumped colonies and its branches are thick and non-uniform in shape and length. Branches are often globular, dome-shaped, conical or tapered. At the ends of the branches, axial corallites may be present but most specimens have some branches without axial corallites. Radial corallites are tube-shaped and irregular with spiny appearances. The species is brown or cream in colour and there are no known similar species.

Distribution
It is classified as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List and it is believed that its population is decreasing; the species is also listed under Appendix II of CITES. Figures of its population are unknown, but is likely to be threatened by the global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) and disease. It occurs in the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the northern Indian Ocean, Australia, the central Indo-Pacific, Japan, southeast Asia, the East China Sea and the central and western Pacific Ocean. It is also present in Mauritius. The species is found at depths of between  in exposed regions on the upper slopes of tropical shallow reefs.

Taxonomy
It was described as Madrepora listeri by Brook in 1893.

References

Acropora
Animals described in 1893
Vulnerable animals


Conflict and Mediation Event Observations (CAMEO) is a framework for coding event data (typically used for events that merit news coverage, and generally applied to the study of political news and violence). It is a more recent alternative to the WEIS coding system developed by Charles A. McClelland and the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) coding system developed by Edward Azar.

History

Work on CAMEO began in 2000 at the University of Kansas with financial support from the National Science Foundation. The first paper on the subject, by Deborah J. Gerner  was written for the March 2002 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association in New Orleans. In the paper, the authors noted that they worked on creating the new CAMEO system rather than continue using the existing WEIS coding system for a combination of reasons, including previously known weaknesses of WEIS and some difficulties that emerge when trying to automate the WEIS coding process. The coding software used for CAMEO, as well as for the automated WEIS implementation that CAMEO was compared with, was the Textual Analysis by Augmeted Replacement Instructions (TABARI) software developed by co-author Philip A. Schrodt in 2000, and was in turn based on the Kansas Event Data System (KEDS) developed in 1994.

The CAMEO manual describes the following key stages of the history of work on the project:

 Initial development of verb and actor ontology: (2000-2003): Deborah J. Gerner, Omur Yilmaz, Philip A. Schrodt
 Refinements of actor ontology (2004-2007): Dennis Hermrick, Baris Kesgin, Peter Picucci, Joseph Pull, Almas Sayeed, Sarah Stacey
 Organized Religion (2009-2011): Matthias Heilke
 Ethnic Groups (2011): Jay Yonamine, Benjamin Bagozzi

Alternatives

One of the alternatives to CAMEO is Integrated Data for Events Analysis (IDEA), an outgrowth of work by the PANDA project. Predecessors to CAMEO include the World Interaction/Event Survey (WEIS) coding system by Charles A. McClelland and the Conflict and Peace Data Bank (COPDAB) by Edward Azar.

Some key differences between CAMEO and IDEA are:

 IDEA maintains backward compatibility with WEIS whereas CAMEO does not.
 CAMEO is focused on inter-state behavior, whereas IDEA encompasses a substantially broader range of behavior.
 The tertiary categories for IDEA are generally oriented towards the study of citizen direct action (for example strikes and protests), whereas the categories in CAMEO are oriented towards the study of third-party mediation in international and inter-ethnic conflict.

Reception

Academic reception

CAMEO has been the subject of a number of academic papers comparing it with other coding frameworks.

Datasets that use CAMEO coding

 Integrated Conflict Early Warning System (ICEWS)
 Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT)

References

External links
 CAMEO Event Data Codebook (describes CAMEO and its history, and links to main papers and versions of the codebook)

Data coding framework


title: Bhupinder Singh (politician)

text:
Bhupinder Singh is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2014 from Odisha. He is the former Leader of Opposition in the Odisha Legislative Assembly representing from Narla constituency.
He is a member of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) political party. He had left Congress and joined BJD in March 2014.

Bhupinder Singh was again elected as a member of Legislative assembly in 2019 Odisha State Election from Narla (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency). He got 53264 votes which is 31.12% of total votes  while his nearest contestant Aniruddha Padhan got 44244 votes which is 25.85% of total votes.

References

1951 births
Living people
People from Kalahandi district
Rajya Sabha members from Odisha
Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha
Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha
Odisha MLAs 2019–2024
Odisha MLAs 1980–1985
Odisha MLAs 1985–1990
Odisha MLAs 1995–2000
Odisha MLAs 2009–2014
Biju Janata Dal politicians


title: QED International

text:
QED International is a Los Angeles-based independent film production studio, financier and international distributor. It is best known for financing and producing District 9, Fury, and Dirty Grandpa.

History
Bill Block formed QED International in 2002 as CEO. The company is Los Angeles-based. Previously Bill Block was president at Lionsgate predecessor, Artisan Entertainment and overseer of West Coast operations for ICM. Paul Hanson was Chief Operating Officer in the time of the founding who was charge of film financing, production, and distribution. In 2006 John Friedberg joined as Vice President of International sales. Under the executive management's oversight, the team at QED International from its founding as an indie film player to a slate partner in the 2010s decade, produced acclaimed films for the motion pictures industry including Neill Blomkamp's District 9, Oliver Stone's W. and John Turturro's Fading Gigolo.

One of the acclaimed QED International films was District 9 that released in 2009. The film company discerned potential of an unpublished 2006 graphic novel, Weta Workshop used as their film treatment for a science fiction film. The company became the producer of the film. At the 2007 AFM a record middle-eight figure deal was signed between Sony Pictures and QED International for the Peter Jackson film's distribution in all English-language territories (including North America), Russia, Italy, Korea and Portugal. The film was the directorial debut of Neill Blomkamp who co-wrote the script originally planned to be a Halo film with Terri Tatchell. The film was highly anticipated for its live-action plot. Shooting commenced in the spring 2007 in South Africa. The film had a modest budget of $30 million. However the film was received with critical and commercial success with an opening of $37 million in USA on 14 August 2009 and total box office amounting to $211 million worldwide. QED has also co-produced with Mann's Forward Pass company for 2011 film Texas Killing Fields.

In May 2012, Media Content Capital, an Anton Lessine and Sasha Shapiro global media fund, gained a controlling interest in QED through QED Holdings with an eight figure investment. QED International majority stake was now held by Media Content Capital (MCC). The organization is a private equity fund in charge of finance. Lessine and Shapiro are MCC's principal financiers. The financial investment was concluded at the Cannes Film Festival with MCC representatives noting the risk mitigation approach from QED was one of the primary reasons for the investment plan. The arrangement would allow QED to produce and finance four to seven features annually.

One of the primary collaborators with QED International was actor Arnold Schwarzenegger. The actor chose the QED-financed 2011 film Cry Macho as the one of the stages for his grand debut and return to Hollywood. The actor would resume acting after years in a political career in California. The actor noted the Cry Macho's emphasis on character development would contrast well with the continuation of the Terminator package. In 2012, Schwarzenegger joined Josh Holloway's Ten featuring a high action script. The film loosely based on an Agatha Christie story renamed to Sabotage and released on March 28, 2014. In 2013 QED International negotiated with Brad Pitt for David Ayer's WWII film Fury. Columbia Pictures acquired the global rights to the film. The film released on October 17, 2014, to commercial success.

On February 24, 2015, Deadline confirmed that CEO Bill Block had officially left the post from the company to join a new company Merced Media. Merced Media, a wide release production company also was invested in co-production for two films with QED after the departure. International sales executive John Friedberg also stepped down from the managing board during this time. Friedberg was hired by STX Entertainment. The executive was noted for bringing equity and international distribution strategies for QED International's prior blockbuster films. In the same year, Paul Hanson also moved from COO of QED to the founder of and CEO of Covert Media. The new independent feature production, financing and distribution company based in Los Angeles also served as a liaison to QED International's content library.

Filmography

Financier/Producer
 The Hunting Party (2007)
 The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (2008)
 Smart People (2008)
 The Lucky Ones (2008)
 The Echo (2008)
 W. (2008)
 A Perfect Getaway (2009)
 District 9 (2009)
 Texas Killing Fields (2011)
 Alex Cross (2012)
 Elysium (2013) - also financier
 Haunt (2013)
 Sabotage (2014) - also financier
 Breathe In (2014)
 Fury (2014) - also financier
 Time Out of Mind (2014) - also financier
 Rock the Kasbah (2015) - also financier
 The Family Fang (2015) - also financier
 Dirty Grandpa (2016)
Secret Magic Control Agency (2021)

International distributor
 Smart People (2008)
 The Echo (2008)
 District 9 (2009)
 New York, I Love You (2009)
 Texas Killing Fields (2011)
 The Kings of Summer (2013)
Fading Gigolo (2013)
 That Awkward Moment (2014)
 Sabotage (2014)

References

Mass media companies established in 2002

Film distributors of the United States
Entertainment companies based in California
American companies established in 2002
Companies based in Los Angeles
2002 establishments by country
2015 mergers and acquisitions
American film studios
Film production companies of the United States
International sales agents


title: Acropora lovelli

text:
Acropora lovelli is a species of acroporid coral found in the northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia and the oceanic west Pacific Ocean. It can also be found in Palau and the southern Mariana Islands, the Red Sea, Mauritius, Tuha'a Pae, the Pitcairn Islands and Rodrigues. It occurs in shallow tropical reefs, in shallow protected lagoons and at lagoon entrances, to depths from 1–10 m.

Description
Colonies of Acropora lovelli have a branching structure and may be bluish-white with blue tips to the stubby side branches. It has been grown in mariculture.

Biology
Acropora lovelli is a zooxanthellate species of coral. It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its soft tissues. These photosynthetic organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for metabolism and growth. Its remaining needs are met by the planktonic organisms caught by the tentacles of the polyps.

Status
Acropora lovelli is an uncommon species with a patchy distribution. It is particularly susceptible to coral bleaching and to coral diseases, as well as being prone to attack by the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci). The main threats faced by corals are related to climate change; the mechanical destruction of their coral reef habitats, increasing damage from extreme weather events, rising sea water temperatures and ocean acidification. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being "vulnerable". All corals receive protection by being listed on CITES Appendix II.

References

Acropora
Cnidarians of the Indian Ocean
Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean
Fauna of Oceania
Fauna of Southeast Asia
Marine fauna of Asia
Vulnerable fauna of Asia
Vulnerable fauna of Oceania
Animals described in 1984


title: Limenwara

text:
The Limenwara or Limenware were a people of Anglo-Saxon England whose territory formed a regio or early administrative subdivision of the Kingdom of Kent. The name means "Limen-dwellers", with "Limen" being the name of the former eastern arm of the River Rother, which at that time entered the sea at Lympne.

The territory was based around two main settlements, with Lympne as the original royal vill and centre of royal administration and Lyminge emerging from an outlying estate as the territory's minster and centre of ecclesiastic administration. There is evidence of considerable continuity with earlier Roman occupation: Lympne was the site of the Roman Saxon Shore fort of Portus Lemanis, and the minster at Lyminge possibly occupying the site of an earlier Roman temple.

The territory of the Limenwara survived as one of the lathes of the later county of Kent, originally taking its name from the Limenwara themselves, but later being renamed the lathe of Shepway.

References

Bibliography

History of Kent
Peoples of Anglo-Saxon England


title: Plyustchiella

text:
Plyustchiella is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae. It contains only one species, Plyustchiella gracilis, which is found in south-eastern Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The habitat consists of deserts.

The length of the forewings is 9–13 mm for males and 13–14 mm for females. The forewings have a white or grey submarginal area and a wide brown field in the postdiscal and discal area. The hindwings are brown, with a white basal area. Adults are on wing from April to July.

Etymology
The genus is named in honour of Dr. Igor G. Plyustch.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1887
Cossidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


title: Runaway Daydreamer

text:
"Runaway Daydreamer" is a song by the English recording artist Sophie Ellis-Bextor for her fifth studio album Wanderlust (2014). The song was released on 31 March 2014 as the second single of the album. Composed by Ed Harcourt with additional writing by Ellis-Bextor, it is a chamber pop track which features percussion and string instruments. Its lyrics, written in a way resemblant of nursery rhymes, expound on escapism and "self discovery".

"Runaway Daydreamer" received mostly positive reviews from music critics, who praised Ellis-Bextor's vocals and its sound; some denoted it as a highlight of Wanderlust. The song was promoted with a music video directed by Sophie Muller, which largely shows Ellis-Bextor in a lounge room and walking through an abandoned pier. It was also performed on programmes including ITV's Loose Women, and peaked at number 29 on the UK Indie chart. The song was featured on the regular and OW Version of the Theme Park Playlist.

Composition and reception

"Runaway Daydreamer", as with the rest of Wanderlust, was co-written by its producer Ed Harcourt along with Ellis-Bextor.  It was recorded at the State of the Ark studios, mixed and engineered by Richard Woodcruft, and mastered by Miles Showell. It is a chamber pop track which includes string arrangements and "shuffled percussion". Clare Considine of Time Out compared its sonority to that of a Humphrey Bogart movie soundtrack. AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described the track as a "girl group homage". Davidf Farrell of PopMatters opined that the song and "Until the Stars Collide" set a "soaring, dreamy" atmosphere for Wanderlust. According to the sheet music published by Music Sales Group, the song contains 116 beats per minute in crotchet. Its introduction follows a chord progression of C—F/C—C—F/C—C—F/C—C—F, and transitions into the verse section in which the notes C–F–C are followed. The track is composed in the traditional verse–chorus form. Ellis-Bextor's vocals during the song incorporate the melisma technique and span from G to E.

The song's lyrics, which discuss escapism, are constructed in a way resemblant of nursery rhymes. During the chorus, Ellis-Bextor sings "It's just my imagination / Running away / Girl's gotta have a little daydream / It's a secret escape / It's just my imagination / Running away / Don't worry baby, I'm here to stay". Considine highlighted "I could tie up the bed sheets and slide down the house / Be gone before the morning comes" as lyrics exemplificative of Ellis-Bextor's "artistic freedom" in Wanderlust. Reviewing the song for Loud and Quiet, Stuart Stubbs wrote that it "sees our protagonist pull herself out of squalor and onto a road of self discovery." The song concludes with a short outro where Ellis-Bextor repeats the line "Don't worry baby, I'm here to stay" twice.

On behalf of Virgin Media, Matthew Horton opined that "Runaway Daydreamer" was the standout of Wanderlust, describing Ellis-Bextor's vocals in it as "prim and gorgeous". James Fyfe of The 405 echoed his view, praising Ellis-Bextor's vocal performance, as well as highlighting its sonority, despite observing it was not "musically adventurous". Writing for Digital Spy, Robert Copsey billed the song as beautiful and "shimmering". Thomas Erlewine highlighted the song as a standout, commenting that the album was "at its best when it's slightly dexterous", citing the song as an example. The Irish Times Louise Bruton wrote that the song explores "twee danger zones" and called it a "blunder".

Release and promotion
A promotional CD single including "Runaway Daydreamer"'s radio edit, with a length of 3 minutes and 27 seconds, was sent to radio stations in March 2014. The song was released in the United Kingdom on 23 March 2014. The music video for "Runaway Daydreamer" was directed by Sophie Muller, and released on 8 March 2014; it was mostly filmed during the taping of the video for "Young Blood"—Wanderlusts previous single. Ellis-Bextor lip-synchs the song's lyrics inside a lounge room, wearing a white lace dress, with her hair gathered into a ponytail; she is also seen walking through an abandoned pier, dining at a restaurant and posing in front of a small white house. The visual's aspect ratio is changed throughout, ranging from windowbox to letterbox. Ellis-Bextor performed the song in an acoustic setting, on the morning programme ZDF Morgenmagazin, aired on 23 January 2014 on German channel ZDF. On 17 March of that year, she sang it on ITV's Loose Women. The song charted on the UK Indie Singles at number 29.

Track listing
Promotional CD single
Details adapted from the credits of the CD single of "Runaway Daydeamer".
 "Runaway Daydreamer" (Radio edit) – 3:27

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Wanderlust.
 Sophie Ellis-Bextor – lead vocals, songwriting
 Ed Harcourt – songwriting, production, background vocals, samples, synth, keyboards, piano
 Gita Langley – violin
 Richard Woodcraft – engineering, mixing
 Miles Showell – mastering

Weekly charts

Release history

References

2014 songs
Songs written by Ed Harcourt
Songs written by Sophie Ellis-Bextor
Sophie Ellis-Bextor songs


title: STPT (transport operator)

text:
The Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara S.A. commonly abbreviated STPT, is the primary public transport operator in the city of Timișoara. STPT is owned by the city, and covers the entire urban public transport, it operates the tram (7 lines), the trolleybus (8 lines), the urban bus transport (12 lines + 8 express routes and 16 metropolitan routes), the waterbus public transport on the Bega Canal and the VeloTM bicycle-sharing system. 90 million passengers are transported annually, of which 52 million by tram.

Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara lines

Bus routes
 Line 3: Timișoara Nord railway station – Str. Pop de Băsești – P-ța Iuliu Maniu – Str. Banatul – Dâmbovița – Auto High School – Sugar Factory
 Line 21: Banatim – Iosif Vulcan – Plopi Secondary school
 Line 28: P-ța V. Economu – Uzinei – Țițeica
 Line 32: P-ța Mocioni – Bd. C. Brâncoveanu – Bd. Liviu Rebreanu – Mureș – Timișoara South railway station
 Line 33: Pod C. Șagului (Shopping City Timișoara) – Calea Șagului – P-ța Iuliu Maniu – P-ța Al. Mocioni – Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral
 Line 33/barat: Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral – P-ța Al. Mocioni – P-ța Iuliu Maniu – Calea Șagului – Shopping City Timișoara – Metro
 Line 40: Str. T. Grozăvescu – Iulius Mall – Timișoara East railway station – Sf. Apostoli Petru și Pavel – Calea Lipovei
 Line 46: Village Museum (Timișoara Zoo) – Str. A. Imbroane – Str. M. Kogălniceanu – Bd. Take Ionescu – Bastion – Forestry High School – Village Museum (Timișoara Zoo)
 Line E1: Pod C. Șagului (Shopping City Timișoara) – P-ța Iuliu Maniu – Timișoara Nord railway station – C. Circumvalațiunii – C. Torontalului – Str. Liege – Selgros – Str. Tristan Tzara
 Line E2: Sf. Apostoli Petru și Pavel – Stuparilor – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – Poșta Mare – Str. Cluj – A.E.M. – Continental Automotive
 Line E3: Apicultorilor – Muzicescu – Calea Martirilor – Str. Cluj – University – Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral – Timișoara Nord railway station
 Line E4: Bastion – P-ța Badea Cârțan – Timișoara Airport – Aeroport neighbourhood
 Line E4b: Ghe. Barițiu – Timișoara Nord railway station – P-ța 700 – Bastion – P-ța Badea Cârțan – Timișoara Airport
 Line E6: Bastion – P-ța Consiliul Europei – Calea Aradului – Metro II – Industrial and Technological Park
 Line E7: T. Grozăvescu – University – P-ța Iuliu Maniu – Dâmbovița – P-ța Petofi Sandor – Sugar Factory – Abattoir
 Line E8: Pod C. Șagului (Shopping City Timișoara) – Calea Șagului – Bd. Mihai Viteazul – University – Bd. Vasile Pârvan – P-ța Prințul Turcesc – Str. Câmpului – Plopi Secondary school

Metropolitan bus routes
 Line M22: P-ța Ghe. Domășnean – Ciarda Roșie – Moșnița Nouă – Albina
 Line M29: P-ța V. Economu – Uzinei – Aleea Ghirodei – Ghiroda bridge
 Line M35: Bastion – P-ța B.Cârțan – Giarmata Vii railway station – Giarmata Vii church
 Line M44: Banatim – Prefectură – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – Becicherecu Mic
 Line M48:Banatim-Cornesti-Orțișoara-Calacea-Orțișoara-Seceani-Orțișoara-Banatim
 Line M52:Banatim-Institutul Agronomic-Gelu-Variaș

Trolleybus routes

 Line 11: Gh. Barițiu – Timișoara Nord railway station – P-ța Regina Maria – P-ța 700 – Bastion – Ștrandul Tineretului
 Line 13: Divizia 9 Cavalerie – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – P-ța Mărăști – P-ța 700 – Str. Cloșca – Piața de Gros – Pasaj C. F. Mehala (temporarily served by buses)
 Line 14: Gh. Barițiu – Timișoara Nord railway station – Regina Maria – P-ța 700 – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – Str. I. Ionescu de la Brad
 Line 15: Str. T. Grozăvescu – Complexul Studențesc – Calea Martirilor – Apicultorilor
 Line 16: Str. T. Grozăvescu – Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral – University – Complexul Studențesc – Regional Hospital Timișoara – B-dul Sudului
 Line 17: H. Baader (P-ța Badea Cârțan) – Bastion – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – University of Agricultural Sciences
 Line 18: C.P. Solventul – Timișoara Nord railway station – P-ța Regina Maria – P-ța 700 – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – Str. Liege

Metropolitan trolleybus lines
 Line M11: Gh. Barițiu – Timișoara Nord railway station – Regina Maria – P-ța 700 – Bastion – Ștrandul Tineretului – Ghiroda (thru City Hall)
 Line M14: Gh. Barițiu – Timișoara Nord railway station – Regina Maria – P-ța 700 – P-ța Consiliul Europei (Iulius Mall) – str. I. Ionescu de la Brad – Dumbrăvița (thru City Hall) – Timișoara bypass-north

Tram routes

 Line 1: Timișoara Nord railway station – Regele Carol – P-ța Maria – P-ța Timișoara 700 – P-ța Traian – UMT – Timișoara East railway station – P-ța Traian
 Line 2: Shopping City Timișoara – Calea Șagului – B-dul Dâmbovița – Regele Carol – P-ța Maria – P-ța Timișoara 700 – P-ța Traian – Timișoara East railway station – UMT – P-ța Traian
 Line 4: Calea Torontalului – Balta Verde – P-ța Timișoara 700 – P-ța Traian – Banatim – P-ța Ghe. Domășnean – Ciarda Roșie
 Line 5 (temporarily served by minibuses): Ronaț – Balta Verde –  P-ța 700 – P-ța Traian – UMT – Timișoara East railway station – P-ța Traian
 Line 6A: Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral – P-ța Maria – P-ța Bălcescu – Banatim  – P-ța Traian – P-ța Timișoara 700 (circuit)
 Line 6B: Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral – P-ța 700 – P-ța Traian – Banatim – P-ța Bălcescu – P-ța Maria (circuit)
 Line 7: B-dul Dâmbovița – Calea Șagului – Str. Lidia – Drubeta – P-ța Bălcescu – P-ța Maria – P-ța 700 – Balta Verde – Calea Torontalului
 Line 8: Timișoara Nord railway station – Regele Carol – P-ța Maria – P-ța Bălcescu – Banatim – P-ța Ghe. Domășnean – Ciarda Roșie
 Line 9: Timișoara Nord railway station – Regele Carol – B-dul Dâmbovița – Calea Șagului – Drubeta – Timișoara Regional Hospital – P-ța Ghe. Domășnean – Ciarda Roșie

Waterbus routes

 Line V1: upstream direction: Ardealul (Modoș Rail Bridge) – Constantin Brâncoveanu (The Golf on the Bega Canal) – Ștefan cel Mare (Dragalina Boulevard) – Sfânta Maria – Catedrala Mitropolitană (The Metropolitan Cathedral) – Vasile Pârvan (Michelangelo bridge) – Corneliu Coposu (The Prefecture) – Dacia (Badea Cârțan Market) – Mihai Viteazu (Dorobanților neighborhood)

Fleet
The fleet consists of:
 Trams:
 GT4 (Hansa and Wegmann);
 30 GT4MT Armonia (rebuilt GT4 by Astra Arad and Electroputere VFU Pașcani);
 12 Duewag GT6 & GT8;
 21 Rathgeber P 3.16;
 16 new Bozankaya low-floor trams were ordered in July 2019, with the first cars entering revenue service expected in 2021;
 Trolleybuses:
 50 Škoda 24Tr Irisbus;
 Buses:
 55 Mercedes-Benz Conecto C;
 30 Conecto G;
 21 Cibro minibuses;
 7 waterbuses, constructed by Spatyard SRL in Galați

See also
 List of bus operating companies
 List of trolleybus systems
 List of tram and light rail transit systems
 List of town tramway systems in Romania

References

External links
 Tram Travels: Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara (STPT)

Timișoara
Timișoara
Timișoara
Timișoara
Timișoara
Transport in Timișoara