title: Ma Thanegi

text:
Ma Thanegi (; born 1946) is a Burmese writer, best known for her numerous English works on various Burmese topics, including travel, history and cuisine. She was a contributing editor to the Myanmar Times and editor of Enchanting Myanmar, a travel magazine.
She was born to father Tin Tut and mother May Tin Tut. and has one older brother Aye Tut. She attended the prestigious Methodist English High School of Yangon (Rangoon).
She was a painter in the early part of her life with many annual group shows (1967 onwards) and seven solo shows (1985 to (1998) after which she began her writing career. She has also translated some Burmese writings of others into English such as works of Khin Hnin Yu and Daw Ma Ma lay etc.

Thanegi attended Methodist English High School, the Rangoon State School of Fine Arts, the Rangoon Institute of Economics, and Institute of Foreign Languages, where she studied German and French.

Thanegi served as Aung San Suu Kyi's personal assistant before her arrest in 1989, following the 8888 Uprising. She served a prison term at Insein Jail until her release in 1992. She fell out of favor among the Burmese pro-democracy movement for her challenge to the National League for Democracy's doctrine that economic sanctions and tourism boycotts were harming the country's poor majority. In 1997, she published "The Burmese Fairy Tale," an essay in the Far Eastern Economic Review, claiming that sanctions hurt the Burmese people without effectively changing the Burmese regime (then known as the State Law and Order Restoration Council)'s behavior.

Selected works
The Illusion of Life: Burmese Marionettes (1994)
The Native Tourist: in search of turtle eggs (2000)
Myanmar Pilgereise (2002)
The Native Tourist: a holiday pilgrimage in Myanmar (2004)
Paw Oo Thett: His Life and Creativity (2004)
An Introduction to Myanmar Cuisine (2004)
Inle Lake: blue sea in the Shan Hills (2005)
Splendours of Myanmar (2005)
Myanmar Architecture: Cities of Gold (2005)
Myanmar Painting: from worship to self imaging (2006)
Shwedagon Mystique (2007)
Inside the Southeast Asian Kitchen (2007)
Material Choices (2007)
Burma/ Myanmar (2008)
Birmanie: voyage intérieur (2008)
To Myanmar with Love (2009)
I am Cadmium Red: The Story of Paw Thame (2010)
Defiled on the Ayeyarwaddy: One Woman’s Mid-Life Travel Adventures on Myanmar’s Great River (2010)
This is Kin Maung Yin (2010)
Thanakha: Nature's Gift to Myanmar (2011)
Naga: A Celebration of Identity (2011)
Nats: Spirits of Fortune and Fear (2011)
Bagan Mystique (2012)
Nor Iron Bars a Cage (2013)
Ginger Salad and Water Wafers (2013)
Bagan Lacquerware (2013)

References

External links
 Official website
 https://burmamodernart.com/library

1946 births
Writers from Yangon
Burmese writers
Burmese journalists
Burmese women journalists
Living people


title: Abel Tesfamariam

text:
Abel Tesfamariam (born 16 May 1995) is an Eritrean-Filipino alpine skier based in Geneva, Switzerland. Tesfamariam represented the Philippines at the 2012 Youth Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.

In the giant slalom event he had a recorded time of 1:04.13 and ranked 37th among 39 skiers who finished. Unfortunately, he didn’t finish in the second run of the slalom event.

References

External links
Abel Tesfamarian - 2012 Youth Olympics Profile

1995 births
Filipino male alpine skiers
Filipino people of Eritrean descent
Living people
Filipino expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Alpine skiers at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics


title: Silvan Dillier

text:
Silvan Dillier (born 3 August 1990) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .

Career

Amateur career
Dillier was born in Baden, Switzerland. In 2008, he was the Swiss national junior time trial champion, Under-23 road champion in 2009, and Under-23 time trial champion in 2010 and 2011.

In 2012, he won a stage at the Tour de l'Avenir.

In the 2013 Tour of Alberta, he won stage 2 while riding with  as a stagiaire. This prompted BMC to sign him to a contract for the 2014 cycling season.

BMC Racing Team (2014–17)
He was named in the startlist for the 2016 Vuelta a España. Dillier rode in the 2017 Giro d'Italia. and won Stage 6 in a two-man sprint against Jasper Stuyven () after the pair had been part of a five-man breakaway that rode clear of the peloton for almost all of the  stage. In June 2017, Dillier won his first stage race, the Route du Sud.

AG2R La Mondiale (2018–20)

Dillier joined  for the 2018 season to bolster the team's classics squad, but he suffered a broken thumb at Strade Bianche. He returned to racing in April 2018 and won his comeback race, Route Adélie. At Paris–Roubaix, Dillier was part of a nine-man early breakaway that escaped from the peloton after an hour of racing, and was leading with Jelle Wallays (), until the pair were caught by world champion Peter Sagan (), who had attacked from the group of favourites with around  remaining. Dillier was able to stay and work with Sagan all the way to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome, where Sagan won the two-up sprint finish. In July 2018, he was named in the start list for the Tour de France.

Alpecin–Fenix (2021–)
In November 2020, Dillier signed a one-year contract with the  team, for the 2021 season. He extended his contract by a further two seasons in July 2021.

Personal life
Dillier resides in Schneisingen.

Major results

Road

2006
 1st  Road race, National Novice Road Championships
2007
 1st Stage 3 Kroz Istru
 2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships
 2nd Overall Tour du Pays de Vaud
1st Stage 3a
 9th Overall Course de la Paix Juniors
1st Stage 4
2008
 1st  Time trial, National Junior Road Championships
 8th Overall Tour du Pays de Vaud
2009
 1st  Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2010
 1st  Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
 8th Overall Tour du Loir-et-Cher
2011
 National Under-23 Road Championships
1st  Time trial
2nd Road race
2012
 National Under-23 Road Championships
1st  Time trial
2nd Road race
 1st Stage 1 Tour de l'Avenir
 8th Overall Tour de Gironde
2013 (1 pro win)
 1st  Overall Tour de Normandie
1st  Young rider classification
 1st Flèche Ardennaise
 1st Stage 2 Tour of Alberta
 2nd Grand Prix des Marbriers
 9th Internationale Wielertrofee Jong Maar Moedig
2014
 1st  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 2nd Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
 3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
 3rd Overall Tour de Wallonie
1st  Young rider classification
 6th Overall Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
 9th Vattenfall Cyclassics
2015 (2)
 1st  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 2nd Overall Arctic Race of Norway
1st  Young rider classification
1st Stage 4
2016
 4th Overall Dubai Tour
 8th Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
2017 (3)
 National Road Championships
1st  Road race
2nd Time trial
 1st  Overall Route du Sud
1st  Points classification
1st  Mountains classification
 1st Stage 6 Giro d'Italia
 2nd  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 2nd Dwars door West-Vlaanderen
 8th Overall Tour of Guangxi
 8th Brabantse Pijl
2018 (1)
 1st Route Adélie
 1st  Mountains classification, Tour of Guangxi
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
 2nd Paris–Roubaix
 6th Tour du Doubs
 9th Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
 10th La Roue Tourangelle
2020
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
 10th Overall Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
2021 (1)
 1st  Road race, National Road Championships

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

Monuments results timeline

Major championships timeline

Track

2008
 1st  Omnium, National Junior Championships
 3rd  Madison, UCI Junior World Championships
 3rd Madison, National Championships
2009
 National Championships
2nd Kilo
3rd Madison
2010
 2nd Points race, National Championships
2011
 UEC European Under-23 Championships
1st  Madison (with Cyrille Thièry)
3rd  Team pursuit
 National Championships
1st  Omnium
1st  Madison (with Claudio Imhof)
 2nd  Points race, UEC European Championships
 2nd Six Days of Zürich (with Glenn O'Shea)
2012
 UEC European Under-23 Championships
1st  Madison (with Jan Keller)
1st  Individual pursuit
2nd  Team pursuit
 2nd Six Days of Berlin (with Franco Marvulli)
 National Championships
3rd Individual pursuit
3rd Madison
 3rd Six Days of Ghent (with Robert Bartko)
2013
 1st Six Days of Zürich (with Iljo Keisse)
2014
 2nd Six Days of Zürich (with Leif Lampater)
 3rd Six Days of Ghent (with Leif Lampater)
2015
 2nd  Team pursuit, UEC European Championships
 2nd Madison, National Championships

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Swiss male cyclists
UCI Road World Champions (elite men)
Olympic cyclists for Switzerland
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Swiss Giro d'Italia stage winners
Swiss track cyclists
People from Baden, Switzerland
Sportspeople from Aargau
21st-century Swiss people


title: Coldren Opera House

text:
The Coldren Opera House is a former theater that operated in Iowa City, Iowa from 1877 until its closure in 1912.

History

The original opening of Englert Theatre with its legitimate stage and orchestra pit, plus a huge retractable screen for motion picture presentations, coupled with a new University of Iowa auditorium in Macbride Hall, which had been opened during 1908, spelled doom for another notable Iowa City institution, the Coldren Opera House (initially called the Grand Opera House) at 105 College Street.

Although calling itself an opera house, little opera was ever performed there.  Rather, the name avoided less respectable terms, such as "theater" or "drama house." From its opening during 1877 until its 1912 closing, the Coldren had served hundreds of the prominent traveling road shows and events of its era, including a lecture by Oscar Wilde in 1882, as well as a variety of university functions from presidential inaugurations to graduation ceremonies.

The Coldren interior, considered spectacular in its time, had featured an array of chandelier and sconce lighting fixtures using coal gas produced locally beginning during 1857. Its stage lighting was state-of-the-art during the late 19th century.  After the Coldren purchase and remodeling of 1897, it seated 845 on three levels within two floors of the structure.

References

Buildings and structures in Iowa City, Iowa
Theatres in Iowa
Theatres completed in 1877
1877 establishments in Iowa
1912 disestablishments in the United States


title: Hermann Grote

text:
Hermann Grote (7 July 1882 – 12 August 1951) was a German ornithologist known for his studies of African avifauna.

While serving as a director of a sisal plantation in German East Africa, he published papers on the local avifauna (from 1909 to 1913). As a P.O.W. of the Russians during World War I, he learned the Russian language, a skill set he subsequently used to translate Russian ornithological works into German. During his career, he was associated with ornithological research performed at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin.

In 1923 he was elected a corresponding fellow of the American Ornithologists' Union.

Taxa described by Grote
Elminia albonotata subcaerulea (1923), a subspecies of the white-tailed crested flycatcher.
Vidua togoensis (1923), the Togo paradise whydah.

Selected writings
Beitrag zur Ornis des südöstlichen Deutsch-Ostafrika, 1912 – Contributions to the ornithology of southeastern German East Africa.
Über einige gefangene ostafrikanische Vögel, 1912 – On some captive East African birds.
Aus der ornithologischen Literatur Russlands: Berichte und Übersetzungen, Volume 5, 1925 – On Russian ornithological literature; reports and translations.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vogelfauna des Graslandes von Neukamerun. 1925 – Contributions associated with birds native to the grasslands of Neukamerun.
Brutbiologisches aus N.A. Sarudnys Schriften, 1934 – Breeding biology by Nicholas Alexievich Sarudny.
"Collected Papers on Ornithology", 1935.
Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der palaearktischen Zugvögel in Afrika, 1937 – New contributions involving Palearctic migrant birds in Africa.

References

1882 births
1951 deaths
German ornithologists
20th-century German zoologists


title: Futun River

text:
The Hutun River is a river in Fujian Province, in the East China region of the People's Republic of China.

Geography
The river is  in length, with its mouth. The Hutun's  drainage basin is within Fujian province.

The Hutun River's headwaters are in the Wuyi Mountains. It is a tributary of the Min River which flows into the Taiwan Strait.

See also
List of rivers of China

Min River (Fujian)

References

Rivers of Fujian
Nanping


title: Female infanticide in Pakistan

text:
Female infanticide in Pakistan  had been a common practice. But it is no longer a common practice due to steps taken by local polices and Governments and Ordinances.

History
During the 19th century, the Northwest British India one-fourth of the population preserved only half the daughters, while other 3/4th of the population had balanced sex ratio. There were 118 males per 100 females. This is comparable to the late C20th sex ratio in the area, now divided between India and Pakistan.

Among Kharal people, female infanticide was common. A report from 1884 states:

The Kharrals are the most northerly of the great Ravi tribes, occupying a great portion of the land between Gugera and the Lahore district on both sides of the river, and extending some distance into the Gujranwala district. The Kharrals were Rajputs... and never got on with each other. The feuds of the Lakheras and upper Ravi Kharrals have been noticed. The tragic adventure of Mirza and Sahiban is said to have been the cause of desperate quarrels. Mirza was a Kharral of the Sahi muhin... went as a boy to Khewa in Jhang, where he fell in love with his cousin Sahiban, the daughter of the chief man of the place. Her parents betrothed her to a youth of the Chadar tribe, but before the marriage could place, Mirza ran away with her. He was pursued and slain. Her relations strangled Sahiban... These murders were cause of such bloody feuds between the clans that it at the length was thought inauspicious to have daughters, and as soon as they were born, they were strangled as Sahiban had been. This custom of female infanticide was common among the Kharrals till Colonel Hamilton, Commissioner of Multan, persuaded them to discontinue it.

This report is cited in a 2010 book on son preference, giving the context of the Mirza Sahiban tragic romance, and putting the practice in a wider socio-economic analysis.

Son preference
Similarly to other countries in South Asia, Pakistani households have a strong preference for sons. Parent fertility remains incomplete until and unless the desired number of boys are  born. Son preference prevails in rural areas, due to male inheritance of agricultural land, and males being seen as better suited to work the land. Boys are often given better access to resources, healthcare, and education. Prenatal sex-selection is more common among the upper classes who have access to medical care and technology, while abuse after birth (infanticide and abandonment) is more common among the lower classes. Girls who are unwanted are often forced into early marriage. Son preference has effect on the status of Pakistani women. Women bearing at least one son have higher say  in household decision-making. According to Pakistani surveys and statistics, Pakistan has witnessed 40 million abortion of female children in the past 50 years.

Dowry
Families often do not want daughters because they are expected to pay dowry upon their marriage. The giving and expectation of a dowry is part of the culture, with most marriages in every region of Pakistan involving transfer of a dowry from the bride's family to a groom's family. Conflicts related to dowry often lead to violence. At over 2000 dowry-related deaths per year, and annual rates exceeding 2.45 deaths per 100,000 women from dowry-related violence, Pakistan has the highest reported number of dowry death rates per 100,000 women in the world. Dowries exist across all levels of Pakistani society as it is an issue of honor for the bridegroom and his family. Brides who do not meet the dowry expectations of in-laws are often humiliated and physically abused. In some cases brides have been killed.

Culture of family honor

Pakistan has a strong 'culture of honor', where a female can easily tarnish the 'honor' and 'reputation' of her family through certain behaviors (often related to chastity), whether these behaviors are real or suspected by the community. The family honor is an abstract concept involving the perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects the social standing and the self-evaluation of a group of related people, both corporately and individually. The family is viewed as the main source of honor and the community highly values the relationship between honor and the family. The conduct of family members reflects upon family honor and the way the family perceives itself, and is perceived by others. Honor killings in Pakistan are known locally as karo-kari. An honor killing is the homicide of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief the victim has brought dishonour upon the family or community. The death of the victim is viewed as a way to restore the reputation and honour of the family.
In order to avoid such problems related to the honor culture, families reject altogether the idea of having daughters.

Sex selective abortion
Sex-selective abortion - the practice of terminating a pregnancy based upon the female sex of the fetus -  is happening in Pakistan, although it is illegal.
Abortion is illegal in Pakistan, except if needed to preserve the pregnant woman' life or health.

In 2017, two Pakistani organisations discovered large cases of infanticide in Pakistani cities. This was led by the Edhi Foundation and Chhipa Welfare Foundation. The infanticide was mainly almost all were female infants. The reason given by the local authorities were poverty and local customs, where boys are preferred to girls. However, the large discovery in Karachi shows that many of the female infants were killed because of the local Islamic clerics, who ordered out of wedlock babies should be disregarded. Babies born out of wedlock in Islam are considered a sin.

Prevalence

According to one estimate from the end of the 20th century, about 3.1 million girls are missing in Pakistan. The extent to which this is attributable to infanticide is contested; see Missing women of Asia.

In 1998, 391 infant girls were found dead, about 68 in 1999, 59 in 2000, 51 in 2001, and 39 in 2002. The number of infanticides, particularly of girls, is on the increase, according to the Edhi Foundation. They know of 890 newborns killed in 2008, 999 in 2009 and about 1,210 in 2010, and this counts only the large cities.

See also
 Female infanticide in China
 Female infanticide in India
 Sex-selective abortion
 Women in Pakistan

References

Female infanticide
Violence against women in Pakistan
Birth control in Pakistan
Sexism in Pakistan
Childhood in Pakistan


title: Sanghyang Adi Buddha

text:
Sanghyang Adi Buddha is a concept of God in Indonesian Buddhism. This term was used by Ashin Jinarakshita at the time of Buddhist revival in Indonesia in the mid-20th century to reconcile the first principle of the official philosophical foundation of Indonesia (Pancasila), i.e. Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa (lit. "Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence") that requires the belief in a supreme God, which Buddhism, strictly speaking, does not believe in. This concept is used by the Indonesian Buddhist Council, an organization that seeks to represent all Buddhist traditions in Indonesia such as Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.

Adi-Buddha is a term used in Tantric Buddhism to refer to the Primordial Buddha. The term Sanghyang Adi Buddha is agreed upon and used by the Indonesian Supreme Sangha and the Indonesian Buddhist Council as the designation for God Almighty. This term is not found in Pāli Canon, but used in some old Indonesian Vajrayana texts such as Sanghyang Kamahayanikan.

Conception
Sang Hyang Adi Buddha refers to "the seed of Buddhahood" inside every being. In Mahayana Buddhism, Adi Buddha refers to the primordial Buddha that outlines the same Universal Dhamma. The Adi-buddha is not a monotheistic deity as in the Abrahamic traditions, but is rather the primordial nature of mind, the part of the mind that never enters samsara, and is thus the "primordial Buddha." As the Primordial Buddha never entertains conceptual ignorance or proliferation, all that arises is referred to as "self-liberated." Sogyal Rinpoche writes:"[Kuntuzangpo] represents the absolute, naked, sky-like primordial purity of the nature of our mind.""

For the purposes of official recognition as a religion by the state, Mahabhiksu Ashin Jinarakkhita encouraged Indonesian Buddhists to present the Adi-Buddha as: "a concept of “supreme divinity” in the Dharma that would be most readily recognizable and acceptable to predominantly Muslim authorities."

Adi-Buddha is the Primordial Buddha, or Paramadi Buddha (The first and incomparable Buddha). He has some other names in other Buddhist traditions such as Adau‐Buddha (Primordial Buddha), Anadi‐Buddha (Uncreated Buddha), Uru‐Buddha (Buddha of the Buddhas). He also called Adinatha (The first Protector), Svayambhulokanatha (self-originating World Protector), Vajradhara (Vajra Holder), Vajrasattva (Vajra Being), Svayambhu (the Self-Originating One), or Sanghyang Adwaya (Unequalled). In Chinese language, Adi‐Buddha is Pen‐chu‐fu(), while aramadi‐Buddha is translated as Sheng‐chu‐fu. In Tibet Dan‐pohi‐sans‐rgyas, Mchog‐gi‐dan‐pohi‐sans‐rgyas, or Thogmahi‐sans‐rgyas are all refers to "Buddha of the Buddhas", that existed since the beginning, as the first: Paramadi‐buddhoddhrta‐sri‐kalacakra‐nama‐tantraraja and Jnanasattva‐manjusryadi‐buddha‐nama‐sadhana.

Mahayana Buddhism believes that Buddha has three bodies (Trikaya), i.e.: "The Created Body" (Nirmanakaya) to teach common human being; "Body of Mutual Enjoyment" (Sambhogakāya) or the body of bliss or clear light; and "Truth Body" (Dharmakāya) which is eternal, omnipresent, non-individual, almighty, non-dual, and self-originating (svabhava‐kaya). There may be many Buddhas, but only one Dharmakaya. This Dharmakaya is identical with Adi‐Buddha. The sources of this Trikaya doctrine are Avatamsaka Sutra and Mahayana‐sraddhotpada‐shastra. The last one was the work of Asvagosha, a monk who lived around the first century AD. Vetulyaka Lokottaravada School says that Sakyamuni originally was the manifestation of Adi‐Buddha in this world. Herman S. Hendro (1968) wrote:
"Dalam Kitab Sutji Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan, pupuh ke-19 didjelaskan bahwa Sang Buddha Gautama telah menunggal dengan Sang Hyang Adhi Buddha atau dengan kata lain bahwa Sang Buddha Gautama adalah pengedjawantahan dari Sang Adhi Buddha. Karena itu bila kita menjebut Sang Adhi Buddha maka itu adalah Sang Buddha jang tidak berkarya (saguna)."
"In the Sacred Book of Sanghyang Kamahayanikan, 19th stanza, is explained that the Buddha Gautama was merged with Sang Hyang Adhi Buddha, or in other words the Buddha Gautama was the manifestation of the Adhi Buddha. Therefore if we refers the Adhi Buddha then He is the Buddha who is inactive (saguna)."

With his power, he emanates into five Dhyani Buddhas. The Pure Land of the Adi Buddha is called Ogamin in Tibetan or Akanistha in Sanskrit (lit. "not down" or "without (back) to the bottom").

Buddhist concept
In Udana Nikaya (viii: 3), Sakyamuni gave his teaching:

From the Pali language: Athi Ajatam Adbhutam Akatam Samkhatamor "the Unborn, Unoriginated, Uncreated, and Absolute One". The Primordial Buddha is something without ego (anatta), unpersonified, and indescribable in any form. But for there is the Absolute, the unconditioned (Asamkhatam), one can attain the freedom from the wheel of life (samsara) by meditating.
 The Indonesian Supreme Sangha describes God in Buddhism and (for the purposes of state recognition as a religion) defines God as "the source of everything that exists": Almighty, eternal, everything in the universe are His exposition, intangible and doesn't manifest Himself.

Indonesian National Encyclopedia
Indonesian National Encyclopedia (1988) describes Adi Buddha and the traditions that are used this term thus:

The Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism
The Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism gives the following definition for Adi Buddha:

Indonesia
Since the time of Sailendra and Mataram Kingdom, Indonesian Buddhists have the same belief in the existence of the Adi-Buddha as the Buddhists in Tibet, Nepal, and the northern schools. Nepalese uses the term Adinata, which means "main protector" and Swayambhulokanatta, which means "the unborn protector of the universe". The Tibetan familiar with terms such as Vajradhara (Tibet= Dorjechang; lit. "ruler of all the mysteries"). Namasangiti Text of Candrakīrti (a monk who was staying in Indonesia), and the symbolism of Borobudur's mandala stupa, provided evidence that the Buddhism embraced by Indonesian people since the days of Srivijaya, Ancient Mataram, Sailendra, and Majapahit is the Buddhism which honors the Primordial Buddha.

Some Indonesian sacred texts which contains the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha are:

 Guna Karanda Vyuha text

 Sanghyang Kamahayanikan text

Herman S. Hendro (1968) in his paper mentioned:

Modern Indonesia

Since Indonesian independence in 1945, the founders of this new state had agreed on a proposed ideology as a national foundation for uniting all ethnicities, religions, and races, i.e. Pancasila as the basic foundation of the state and nationhood. The first precept of Pancasila is "Belief in the Almighty Godliness" ("Recognition of the Divine Omnipotence").<ref group="note">The Indonesian word "Tuhan" usually is translated into "God" or "Lord". "Tuhan" is a noun while "Ketuhanan" is an adjective. Wilis in her paper cited: With the addition of prefix and suffix, it changes the noun into an adjective “Ketuhanan” or “Lordness.” Page 3, 4.</ref> The majority of Indonesian people mistranslated the sanskrit "Esa" -Almighty (absolute in virtues)- as "Eka" -One. This misconceptions makes some factions questioning the doctrine of Buddhism whether it acknowledges the Belief in God Almighty or not.

Following an alleged coup attempt by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) in 1965, Indonesian Government rejects and prohibits the development of all views that correspond to communism or atheism.Library of Congress Country Studies. Indonesia, Buddhism . Consequently, there was some doubt within the Indonesian Government at the time whether Buddhism can be accepted as an official religion. Ashin Jinarakkhita proposed the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as the god of Buddhist teachings. He sought confirmation for this uniquely Indonesian version of Buddhism in ancient Javanese texts, and even the shape of the Buddhist temple complex at Borobudur in Jawa Tengah Province. It was submitted to the Minister of Religious Affairs, and the government eventually accepted Buddhism as a state religion in 1978, as stated in GBHN (Outlines of Indonesian State Policy) of 1978, Presidential Decree No. 30 of 1978, and the Form Letter of Indonesian Department of the Interior No.477/74054/1978 (November 18, 1978).

Controversy
The use of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a name for a supreme God is controversial among Indonesian Buddhists to the present day. The reason is that the concept of Sanghyang Adi Buddha, which only exists in Tantrayana/ Vajrayana traditions, is not a god in the sense of a personal god of the monotheistic religions. The use of the name of Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a personal god, is the product of a compromise with political reality, and is contrary to the teachings of Buddhism.  Because of this political compromise, Indonesian Buddhism differs from mainstream Buddhism.  This controversy also extends to Very Venerable Ashin Jinarakkhita as the originator of the term Sanghyang Adi Buddha as a god in Buddhism.

While the State seemed to be easily satisfied with Ashin Jinarakkhita's assurance, questions came from their fellow Buddhists and, later, also his primary disciples who were on the same boat with him in the beginning. Since then, debates, disintegration, and splits could not be avoided within Buddhist organizations. The strongest opposition was coming from the Theravādin members, and it seemed to happen partly because of the influence of the Thai Buddhist’s purification movement started in the nineteenth century by King Mongkut as later on many Thai Bhikkhus coming to Indonesia. Though there were also Buddhist monks coming from Sri Lanka and Myanmar, such as Narada Mahathera, Mahasi Sayadaw and other Sangha members, they only came a few times during these early years.

In the same year when the controversy was erupting (1974), the Indonesian Directorate General Guidance of Hindu-Buddhism (Gde Puja, MA.) issued a resolution on all schools/ traditions of Buddhism that they should believe in the presence of an Almighty God (First precept of Pancasila), and while each of this sects may give different names to Him, He is essentially the same entity. This resolution became indirectly a government imposition of the doctrine of Oneness of God on all schools/ traditions of Buddhism. Any schools/ traditions that do not believe in the existence of One God would be dissolved. This happened to the Mahayana school/ tradition of the monk Sun Karma Chandra which was dissolved on July 21, 1978.

Nowadays, the term of Sanghyang Adi Buddha only used mostly by Indonesian Buddhayana Council and Indonesian Supreme Sangha. Some schools treat the concept indifferently, while the others simply refuse and consider the idea as heresy (especially the Indonesian Theravada Sangha), and only a fraction supports it fully or partially.

Usage

Religious usage

Salutation
Sanghyang Adi Buddha is used in greeting especially by Indonesian Buddhayana Council, i.e. Namo Sanghyang Adi Buddhaya. This salutation was popularized by the late Venerable Mahawiku Dharma-aji Uggadhammo, one of the five first disciples of Ashin Jinarakkhita, whose ordained as the first Indonesian Buddhist monks after the independence of Indonesia.

The complete salutation which is commonly used as a greeting in the books' preface, letters, or meeting is:Namo Sanghyang Adi Buddhaya. Namo Buddhaya, Bodhisatvaya Mahasatvaya.The salutation on the PREFACE of Paguyuban Wulan Bahagia and East Java Indonesian Buddhist Council's magazine is Namo SangHyang Adi Buddhaya, Namo Buddhaya.

Vandana
The tribute to Sanghyang Adi Buddha is often included in the vandana (devotion) section of ritual books.
1. VandanaTerpujilah Sanghyang Adi Buddha Tuhan Yang Maha Esa("Homage to Sanghyang Adi Buddha the Almighty God")Terpujilah Bhagavā, Yang Maha Suci, Yang telah mencapai Penerangan Sempurna("Homage to the Blessed One the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One")Terpujilah Para Bodhisattva-Mahasattva("Homage to all Holy Beings and Great Beings")

2.VandanaNamo Sanghyang Ādi Buddhaya (3x)"Homage to the Almighty God, shout the whole world"Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammā-sambuddhassa (3x)"Homage to the Blessed One the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened One"Namo Sabbe Bodhisattvāya-Mahāsattvāya (3x)"Homage to all Holy Beings and Great Beings"

Politics
Indonesian Government Regulation Number 21/1975 about the vow of the civil bureaucrat, arranges the vow for the Buddhist bureaucrat by mentions "Demi Sanghyang Adi Buddha''" ("by Sanghyang Adi Buddha") in the beginning of the vow.

Gallery

See also
 Acintya
 Creator in Vajrayana Buddhism
 Creator in Buddhism
 Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
 Unfinished Buddha

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Brown, Iem (1987). Contemporary Indonesian Buddhism and Monotheism, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 18 (1), 108-117

Buddhas
Buddhism in Indonesia
God in Buddhism


title: Japanese destroyer Arare

text:
Two ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Arare:

 , a  launched in 1905 and broken up in 1924.
 , an  launched in 1937 and sunk in 1942.

Imperial Japanese Navy ship names
Japanese Navy ship names


title: Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War

text:
Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War is a nonfiction book written by Robert M. Gates, a former U.S. Secretary of Defense. It was published in January 2014 by Alfred A. Knopf. The time period is from 2006 to 2011, and includes the George W. Bush administration (2006–2009), the Obama administration (2009–2011), the Afghan war, and the Iraq War.

Narrated in first person point of view, this record of events characterizes Secretary Gates' personal interactions with the U.S. Congress, the Pentagon's management structure, some military bureaucrats and the White House staff under President Obama. This memoir is also the first to recount the Obama administration's policy discussions and debates during Cabinet meetings.

Gates's commentary
As expressed in the book, disagreements with Obama's White House staff and the other aforementioned organizations elicit strong emotions and criticisms from Gates. For example, President Obama's White House staff is seen as an imperious entity, who, as a group, are seen as "micromanagers" that engaged in "operational meddling". Additionally, Vice President Joe Biden's performance is criticized. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's is held in high regard professionally and personally. She in fact was usually in agreement with Gates on policy issues.

President Obama is judged favorably at first, and not so favorably by 2011. However, towards the end of the book, Mr. Gates states that Mr. Obama's decision to send a United States Navy SEALs team after Osama bin Laden in Pakistan was "one of the most courageous decisions I had ever witnessed in the White House". He also states that Obama's policy decisions pertaining to the "overall Afghan strategy" were correct. He also criticizes the George W. Bush administration's Afghan war, Iraq War, and Guantanamo Bay policies.

Gates's background
Gates came to the Obama Administration as a "respected professional and veteran of decades at the center of American foreign policy". As a Republican, he also represented President Obama's policy of bipartisanism. Over time, however, his relationship with Obama and his staff devolved. Protracted policy disagreements with Vice President Joe Biden, Tom Donilon (National Security Advisor), and U.S. Army Lieutenant General Douglas E. Lute (Afghan policy) are additionally recounted.

External links

  Jacket Copy section

 Robert Gates was wrong on the most important issue he ever faced. The Washington Post. January 7, 2014.
 Interview with Charlie Rose January 14, 2014.

References

American non-fiction books
American history books
American memoirs
Books about the Obama administration
United States foreign policy
Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration
Presidency of George W. Bush
Presidency of Barack Obama
Political memoirs
Books about foreign relations of the United States
2000s in the United States
Military history of the United States
2010s in the United States


title: Stanley A. Milner

text:
Stanley Albert Milner  (1930 – April 21, 2021) was a Canadian businessman and politician from Alberta.

Early life
Milner was born in Calgary, Alberta in 1930 and raised in Turner Valley, Alberta. He attended school there as well as in Saskatoon, Gimli and Winnipeg, and later attended the University of Alberta, from which he attained a Bachelor of Science degree. He also served in the Canadian Officer Training Corps, as a cadet, and in the army reserve.

Career
Upon his exit from university, Milner began his career in the oil and petroleum business as an investor at the time of the nearby Leduc No. 1 discovery. He would also briefly help in developing a natural gas service in the interior of British Columbia. Later, Milner, along with his brothers would start the Canadian Chieftain Petroleums Corporation. In 1964, he would also found  Chieftain Development Co. Ltd, which he would work for until it was sold to Alberta Energy Company Ltd. in 1988. In 1988, he founded Chieftain International, Inc., of which he was president and CEO.

Milner also served in directorship positions for Alberta Energy Company, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Canadian Pacific Limited, Banister Continental Ltd., Canadian Surety Company, CP Air Limited, Delhi International Oil Corporation, Guaranty Trust Company of Canada, Pan-Alberta Gas Ltd., Southern Union Company, Supron Energy Corporation, Wardair, Inc., and Woodward Stores Limited.

He also served a term on the Edmonton City Council from 1962 to 1963. He ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Edmonton in the 1963 Edmonton municipal election, narrowly losing to William Hawrelak. After his aldermanic term he served as chair of the Edmonton Public Library Board until 1968. During his time with the library he advocated for a new central downtown branch; the branch was later built and named the Stanley A. Milner Library in 1996. He has also involved himself in many positions in organizations throughout the city of Edmonton, including the Board of Governors of the Royal Alexandra Hospital and the University of Alberta Hospital; the Boards of the Edmonton Community Foundation, Junior Achievement, Edmonton Northlands, Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and the Edmonton Eskimo Football Club; chairman of the Salvation Army Appeal and the Corporate Division of the United Way.

An advocate of the military, Milner was an Honorary Lieutenant Colonel in the South Alberta Light Horse and an Honorary Member of the Loyal Edmonton Regiment.

Other positions he has held are President of the Independent Petroleum Association of Canada and the Alberta Chamber of Resources; member of the Listed Company Advisory Committee of the American Stock Exchange, the Board of the Edmonton Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Governors of the Olympic Trust of Canada and the Young Presidents’ Organization; Director of the Conference Board of Canada; Chairman of the Board of Governors of the University of Alberta; and member of the World Business Council.

He is a recipient of an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Alberta, the City of Edmonton’s Certificate of Meritorious Service, the Wall Street Transcript Bronze and Gold Awards for the Top Chief Executive Officer in the Canadian Oil Industry; the University of Alberta’s Canadian Business Leader Award; and the 125th Anniversary of Confederation Commemorative Medal. He received the Alberta Order of Excellence in 1995 and the Order of Canada in 2003. He died on April 21, 2021.

See also

 Stanley A. Milner library

References

Year of birth uncertain
Businesspeople from Calgary
Businesspeople from Edmonton
Edmonton city councillors
2021 deaths
Politicians from Calgary
Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence
Members of the Order of Canada
University of Alberta alumni
1930 births


title: Karnati Lingaiah

text:
Dr. Karnati Lingaiah  born on 10 June 1944 in Narasimhapuram Village, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India. He is a retired Lecturer in Economics and recipient of State Best Teacher Award given by Government of Andhra Pradesh, India in 1984. He is also a poet who has written books in Telugu Language. He has authored about 17 books in Economics and 18 books in Telugu Literature.

Early life and education

Dr. Karnati Lingaiah born on 10 June 1944 to Sri K. Chennaiah and Smt. K. Venkamma. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1969, Master of Arts in Economics in 1972, Master of Philosophy in 1978 from Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India and later he obtained Doctor of Philosophy in 1987 from Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India.

Career

He started his career by joining as a lecturer in 1971 at Government Girls Junior College, Nalgonda, Telangana, India. Later he has been transferred to Government Degree College in Mancherial, Adilabad District, Telangana, India in 1972. He worked there for three years and then he has been transferred to Hyderabad in 1975 and until his retirement he has worked in Hyderabad. In Hyderabad he worked at New Government Junior College, Secunderabad and Government Junior College, S.P. Road, Secunderabad. During his career he was associated with Andhra Pradesh Lecturers Association by serving the association in various positions and also he was closely associated with students' communities. He has been awarded "State Best Teacher" award by Andhra Pradesh State Government, India in the year 1984 for his services in teaching profession. Apart from his teaching profession he has authored several books in Economics, Delivered speeches in All India Economic conferences, published many articles in various news papers and journals and delivered extension lectures in various other colleges. He was also involved in NCERT training programs in New Delhi. He has authored about 17 books in Economics which were prescribed nationwide in India. Some of his popular books are Rural Development in India, Indian Economy, Dictionary of Economics and Macro Economics. His name was also included in Who's Who of Indian Writers a book published by Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, India an autonomous organisation which was initiated by Central Government of India.

Telugu Literature

Being an Economics Lecturer, he also has interest in his native language which is Telugu. He has authored about 18 books in Telugu Literature which were both in Prose and Poetry forms. He has been appreciated by many famous Telugu Poets for his works. He also started a literary organisation called Nandanavanam Sahiti Samithi, Hyderabad, India and through this literary organisation various books have been published and helped many young poets to get noticed through this organisation.

List of Books Authored in Economics

 Economic Development of India, published by Telugu Academy, Government of Andhra Pradesh, India in 1986 revised in 1995.
 Industrialiasation in Tribal Areas, published by RBSA Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India in 1988.
 Macro Economics, published by Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India in 1988.
 A Handbook of Economics in Telugu published by Dharani Publishers, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1989.
 Economic Development of India, published by Vignan Publishers, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India in 1990.
 Development Economics, published by Dharani Publishers, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1990.
 Indian Economy, published by Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, India in 1991.
 Dictionary of Economics, published by Link Publications, New Delhi, India in 1995.
 A Handbook of Economics in English, published by Aditya Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1992.
 Issues in Economic Development, published by Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India in 1993.
 Economic Development and Planning, published by Lakshminarayan Agarwal Publishers, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1993.
 P.G. Foundation in English, published by Center for Distance Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1995.
 P.G. Foundation in Telugu, published by Center for Distance Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1998.
 Principles of Economics, published by S.Chand & Company Limited, New Delhi, India in 1999.
 Rural Development of India, published by Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India in 2000.
 Evolution of Indian Economy, published by S.Chand & Company Limited, New Delhi, India in 2000.
 Economic Growth and Development Models, published by S.Chand & Company Limited, New Delhi, India in 2000.

List of Articles Published in Journals/Magazines in Economics

 Great Indian Economists : Their Creative Vision for Socio-Economic Development (10 Vols-Set);Vol. 3. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (1891-1956) : Life Sketch and Contribution to Indian Economy;Article 24 - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's views on agrarian reforms/Karnati Lingaiah

List of Books Authored in Telugu Literature

 Virisina Moggalu, published by Bhasha Kuteeram, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1976.
 Maro Vasantham, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1977.
 Manchi Kosam, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1980.
 Telugu Talli Velugu Pandiri, published by Nandanavanam Sahithi Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1985.
 Endaro Desha Bhaktulu, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1990.
 Mano Ratham, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1992.
 Jeevana Satyam, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1995.
 Konaseema Toofan, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1996.
 Sneha Deepthi, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1997.
 Janma Bhoomi Geetaalu, published by Dharani Publications, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 1997.
 Sri Ranganatha Shatakam, published by Nandanavanam Sahithi Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2005.
 Maa Vooru, published by Nandanavanam Sahithi Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2006.
 Sri Varada Venkatesha, published by Nandanavanam Sahithi Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2007.
 Konijeti Meeku Meere Saati, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2010.
 Sri Krishna Divya Leelalu, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2013.
 Nitya Paarayana Shlokamulu, published by Nandanavanam Sahithi Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2013.
 Sri Paramaananda Daayaka, Sri Ranganathaa, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2014.
 Sri Parvathi Vallabhaa! Shiva! Maam Paahi.. Sadaa!, published by Vasavi Sahitya Parishath, Literary Organisation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India in 2014.

Awards and honours

 State Best Teacher Award awarded by Government of Andhra Pradesh, India, 1984.
 Young Poet Award, Vasavi Club, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 1984–85.
 Best Writer Award, Nandanavanam Sahiti Samithi, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 1986–87.
 Social Worker Award, Arya Vysya Maha Sabha, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 1987–88.
 Educational Excellence 2000 Millennium Award, Osmania University Employees Cultural Association, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 2000.

References

Living people
20th-century Indian economists
1944 births
People from Nalgonda district
Writers from Andhra Pradesh


title: Move It (game show)

text:
Move It is an Australian children's game show series that aired on 9Go! on weekdays at 8:00 am. Episodes were repeated on Saturdays at 12:00 pm.

The series began airing on 17 February 2014, presented by Nick Vindin and filmed in a studio in Sydney. In four rounds, two teams of two children compete to match words to categories given by the host. The team with the highest score play for prizes in the final game.

Move It was filmed at Fox Studios Australia.

Format
The set consisted of two banks of five monitors, one bank for each team, and podiums for each team.

The first round is called Move It and Match It sees one player from each team at a time matching words on the monitors as the answers to clues given by the host, all related to a given category. Players are given 45 seconds to move up and down the screens pressing the button under each one to select an answer and to choose its position. Teams earn 5 points per correct answer, plus if all answers are correct, bonus points are awarded at a rate of 1 point per second left on the clock at the end.

The second round is a buzzer round where the teams are given questions related to a certain category. In addition to earning 5 points, each correct answer reveals an image of that answer on the monitors. Once all the questions have been asked, the two players who didn't play the first round move up to the monitors to lock in the images according to clues given on a central monitor. Each correct match earns a further 5 points.

The third round is also a buzzer round, but this time questions and clues are worth 10 points. At the monitors, teams are given the clues one a time by the host and can't start moving until the end of the clue.

In the bonus round, the team with the most points must lock in groups of objects in a specified order, for example shortest to tallest or lightest to heaviest. If all objects are placed in the right order, then they win the prize.

References

9Go! original programming
Australian children's television series
Australian children's game shows
2014 Australian television series debuts
2018 Australian television series endings
2010s Australian game shows
English-language television shows


title: Bangali Babu English Mem

text:
Bangali Babu English Mem (2014) is an Indian romance comedy film directed by Ravi Kinnagi and released by Shree Venkatesh Films. It is a remake of Punjabi movie Jatt & Juliet.

Cast
Soham Chakraborty as Madhusudan Dutta
Mimi Chakraborty as Riya
Biswajit Chakraborty as Haranath
Laboni Sarkar as Parboti
Abir Chatterjee in a special appearance as Captain Bikram
Payel Sarkar in a cameo appearance as Air hostage Liza
Supriyo Dutta as Mr Dutta
Julia as Jenny

Plot
Madhusudan Dutta, a young man from Kolkata, wants to marry a Canadian girl to obtain Canadian citizenship while on the other side Riya a classy modern girl wants to go to Canada to study fashion designing. They both first meet at the passport office where Madhusudan asks Riya to fill his form because his hand was injured which he was pretending because of his lack of English. They both again meet at the airport and often disagree due to this. Riya looks for a nice accommodation where she finds a nice house and while getting money out of the ATM, she gets robbed by two thugs. Unfortunately, Riya has to look for cheaper place where she meets Madhusudan again and has to share that apartment with him. A day arrives when Jenny a Canadian Caucasian girl, arrives to the house where Riya and Madhusudan are living as she is the step-daughter of the house owner. Riya asks Madhusudan to propose Jenny and they both start making plans how to get Jenny for Madhusudan, but when Madhusudan learns that Jenny is going to Africa for social service, he ditches her and poor Jenny is left heartbroken. The owner of the house throws both of them out and they work at two different Horo Parboti restaurants that are run by wife and husband, who are not together now. Madhusudan and Riya soon learns that the Horo Parboti is going to be re-possessed by the bank because of six months unpaid property payments for the loan. Madhusudan and Riya work out the process of re-joining the husband and wife together so that the loan could be paid off. Slowly, Madhusudan and Riya start falling for each other but both of them don't want to admit it. Madhusudan realises that he loves Riya when Riya's fiancé, Bikram comes to take Riya with him to India for their marriage. Finally Madhusudan leaves for India with a hope to bring Riya back to his life but after watching Riya has been married he is left heartbroken. After a while, he meets Bikram at cinema hall where Bikram tells him that Riya is still single and Madhusudan runs to propose Riya and they live happily ever after.

Soundtrack

Reactions
Writing in The Times of India, Jaya Biswas had a generally positive but mixed reaction to the film, saying:
"The best part about the film is its dialogues. The way Madhu confidently converses in wrong English is hilarious. The humour appeals to all and comes across as a breath of fresh air amidst parts of boredom. The first half drags a lot."
More negative comments by the reviewer included such statements as "However, there are a few discrepancies in the plot", "No doubt the girl can act, but she too needs to hone her dancing skills a bit.", and "The first half drags a lot."

The review closed with the comment: "Bangali Babu English Mem is worth a dekko."

The Business Standard referred to the film as "...a typical Bengali rom-com with a new Tollywood pair."

References

Bengali-language Indian films
2010s Bengali-language films
Bengali remakes of Punjabi films
Films scored by Dabbu
Films scored by Rishi Chanda


title: Black Cobra Woman

text:
Black Cobra Woman (Italian: Eva nera, UK title: Erotic Eva) is a 1976 Italian exploitation movie written and directed by Joe D'Amato. The film starred Jack Palance and Laura Gemser.

Plot
While travelling to Hong Kong, snake dancer Eva meets businessman Jules. The two hit it off, and after arriving to the city, Eva invites him to a performance she is going to give at a local nightclub. Jules, in turn, invites his older brother Judas to the show. The two men become smitten after seeing her performance, which involves Eva dancing topless with a snake. She is later revealed to be in a relationship with a violent, wealthy man whom she does not love. She even cheats on him with at least one other woman. Using his influence, Judas manages to get Eva's number and takes her out to lunch. He then shows her his home and his snake collection. He proposes her to live with him in his house and with his money. He assures her she does not have to do anything in exchange, not even sleep with him. Creeped out by his offer, Eva leaves.

However, after realizing she prefers a life of luxury over her current one, Eva changes her mind and moves in with the two brothers. Later that night, at a party, Eva is introduced to Judas' high society friends. More than one of them feels attracted to her. A young couple, Candy and her boyfriend, even offer to have a threesome with the dancer. Eva agrees to do it, but the group sex is interrupted by a very jealous Julius before it even begins. Later, Eva meets Gerri, a friend of Jules, and the two women start dating in secret. During those days, Eva introduces Gerri to several sites in Hong Kong, including a lesbian club. On returning from the club, Eva finds that Candy has been attacked by a black mamba snake from Judas' collection. This attack was secretly staged by Jules, who was envious of Eva's previous signs of attraction toward Candy.

Judas later announces he has to leave the city for business reasons. His brother Jules pretends to leave Hong Kong as well. Eva takes advantage of this opportunity to invite Gerri to Judas' home. Jules secretly watches the house and sees the couple have sex. After they fall asleep, he places the black mamba in their bedroom. Being more comfortable with snakes, Eva survives by remaining calm. Gerri, however, is bitten and dies. With no more women competing for Eva's attention, Jules invites her on a trip to the island where he was born. Realizing he is the one attacking her lovers, she pretends to be in love with him and accepts his invitation. At the island, Eva enlists two locals to dispatch Jules with another serpent. Judas loses his interest in her after finding out what has transpired. Eva does not mind, she picks the black mamba from its cage and starts dancing with it, knowing that the animal only kills when sensing fear. However, after remembering the role that snake took in Gerri's death, and all the violence that ensued, Eva's emotions get the better of her. The black mamba senses her fear and kills her.

Cast
 Laura Gemser as Eva
 Jack Palance as Judas Carmichael
 Gabriele Tinti as Jules Carmichael
 Michele Starck as Gerri
 Ziggy Zanger as Candy (as Sigrid Zanger)
 Guido Mariotti (as G. Mariotti)

Reception
In a contemporary review, the Monthly Film Bulletin described the film as "sex movie-cum-travelogue that settles for the usual dull romps. Its single unusual sequence is one which Eva and Jerry cook and eat a snake which has been skinned alive."

In retrospective reviews, AllMovie described the film as "unexpectedly high on style" noting cinematography that had the "glossiness worthy of an Emmanuelle film" but that the film was also "depressingly low on substance", noting the plot which "has a few surprises to offer (the villain's comeuppance must be seen to be believed) but the threadbare script fails to use its novel plot devices to their full potential and never builds interesting or believable characters." The review also noted D'Amato's direction, which was described as "lacklustre" and "never establishes a comfortable pace and pads the film with momentum-killing travelogue footage of Hong Kong."

References

External links

 Black Cobra Woman at Variety Distribution

1976 films
1970s exploitation films
Films set in Hong Kong
Italian erotic drama films
Films directed by Joe D'Amato
Films scored by Piero Umiliani
1970s Italian films


title: Peter Sinon

text:
Peter Andrew Guy Sinon (born 30 October 1966) is a former Seychellois Cabinet Minister who served as Minister for Investment, Natural Resources and Industry from 2010 to 2015.

The son of Ministers Guy Sinon and Rita Sinon, Peter graduated from the University of East Anglia, where he was a Chevening Scholar, with a 2:2 in Development Studies in 1990, and an MA in Development Economics in 1996. He previously served as Seychelles High Commissioner to South Africa and Namibia, and was an executive director at the African Development Bank, during his time with the institution he represented Eritrea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Tanzania and Uganda.

References

1966 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
Seychellois diplomats
Seychellois economists
Government ministers of Seychelles


title: Rameshwarpalli

text:
Rameshwarpalli is a village in Nizamabad district, in Telangana State.

Transport
The village is situated near National Highway 7 (India) Highway with connections to nearby towns and cities with regular buses and other modes of transportation.

References

Villages in Nizamabad district
Nizamabad district
Nizamabad, Telangana


title: Thomas & Friends (series 18)

text:
Thomas & Friends is a children's television series about the engines and other characters working on the railways of the Island of Sodor, and is based on The Railway Series books written by the Reverend W. Awdry.

This article lists and details episodes from the eighteenth series of the show, which was first broadcast in 2014. Some episodes in this series have two titles: the original titles are indicated in bold, with the American-adapted titles underneath. This series was narrated by Mark Moraghan for audiences in the United Kingdom and United States.

In April 2014, five episodes (Thomas the Quarry Engine, Not So Slow Coaches, Flatbeds of Fear, Disappearing Diesels, and Toad's Adventure) were released exclusively on the DVD "Trouble on the Tracks".

A new DVD ("The Christmas Engines") was released in the U.S. on 28 October 2014. It contains the five episodes The Perfect Gift, Duncan the Humbug, Last Train for Christmas, Duck in the Water and Long Lost Friend.

In January 2015, another DVD (Dinos and Discoveries) (containing six more episodes) was released, prior to their official broadcast (from 27 to 31 July, six months later).

This series was also the last to utilize the new series intro and credits and also the original Engine Roll Call in the US/UK broadcasts. Starting from Season 19, it utilizes the remix version of the Engine Roll Call and the theme tune.

Episodes

Voice cast

Joe Mills (Oliver and Toad), Tom Stourton (Duncan), Maggie Ollerenshaw (Henrietta) and Robert Wilfort (Samson) joined the cast, along with Tim Whitnall (Timothy and Reg), Olivia Colman (Marion) and Clive Mantle (Gator) (from that season's special) officially.

Notes

References

2014 American television seasons
2015 American television seasons
Thomas & Friends seasons
2014 British television seasons
2015 British television seasons


title: Morada Assembly constituency

text:
Morada (Sl. No.: 34) is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha.

Area of this constituency includes Morada block, Rasagobindapur block and Suliapada block.

In 2009 election Biju Janata Dal candidate Praveen Chandra Bhanjdeo, defeated Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Bimal Lochan Das by a margin of 6,201 votes.

Elected Members

3 elections held during 1951 to 2009. List of members elected from Morada Vidhan Sabha constituency are:
2014: (34): Praveen Chandra Bhanjdeo (BJD)
2009: (34): Praveen Chandra Bhanjdeo (BJD)
1961: (140): Sakila Soren (Praja Swatantra Party)
1951: (50): Prasanna Kumar Das (Socialist)

2019 Election results

2014 Election results

Summary of results of the 2009 Election

Notes

References

Politics of Mayurbhanj district
Assembly constituencies of Odisha


title: Lifestyle Marketing

text:
Lifestyle Marketing is the debut studio album by producer and musician Thes One (of the Los Angeles hip hop group People Under The Stairs). It is an instrumental concept album consisting almost entirely of samples taken from radio and television advertising jingles created by Herb Pilhofer of Sound 80 Incorporated.

Background
In the early-to-mid 1970s, Herb Pilhofer at Sound 80 Incorporated created the Music That Works series of demonstration albums, originally released in limited numbers. The records showcased Pilhofer's musical compositions for radio and television commercials, industrial films, and other projects.

The jingles are notable because they represent demonstration music for a significant number of large US corporations, both past and present, including Target, 3M, Northwestern Bell, Bobcat, and Pan-Am.

In addition to producing commercials, Sound 80 also was the studio responsible for recording a Grammy Award-winning album for the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra in 1979 and portions of Bob Dylan's 1974 album, Blood on the Tracks.

Album history
On a family visit to Minnesota in 1994, a 17-year-old Thes One came across a record from the Music That Works series, and years later, Thes One found a second album while record collecting. Following a world tour in support of People Under The Stairs' album O.S.T. in 2003, he began remixing parts of the albums as an experiment, intrigued by the chance to create musical works solely from very short samples (most of which were under fifteen seconds) of advertising jingles from inferior sources.

Thes One would continue to work on the project sporadically throughout the next year-and-a-half. He initially even decided against releasing it, but felt that it that the production was unique and interesting enough to warrant a release.

Around the end of 2004, Thes One contacted Pilhofer and interviewed him about creating the jingles and his work at Sound 80 Incorporated. Pilhofer was interested in the concept, and his interview with Thes One can be found in the liner notes for the album. Around this time, Thes One also made the decision to expand the project beyond the samples alone, and he invited his friend and fellow musician Ethan Parsonage (Headnodic from Crown City Rockers and The Mighty Underdogs) to records guitar and bass guitar parts for use on the album.

Thes One's work on the album was lost temporarily for a year and a half when he moved into a new house and built his new studio, Piecelock 70 in San Pedro, California, but in 2006, the tapes were recovered, mixed, and finalized.

The first disc is the actual album, while a second bonus disc consists of portions of the original tracks from the Music That Works series. For the vinyl release of the album, snippets of original tracks were placed directly in front of their remixed tracks in lieu of having a bonus disc.

Reception
The album received positive reviews, especially in magazines and on websites devoted to hip hop. Allmusic, in a 4-star review, called Lifestyle Marketing "more than just a beat album, it's advertisement for the hip-hop generation [...] if Thes One and Lifestyle Marketing are any indication of the direction it's heading, there's nothing to worry about at all." URB magazine also called the album "both emotionally evocative and intellectually compelling."

Track listing
All songs on Disc 1 arranged and produced by Christopher "Thes One" Portugal from material by Herb Pilhofer. All songs on Disc 2 composed, arranged and produced by Herb Pilhofer.

References

External links
Official Website for Thes One
Lifestyle Marketing page on The Point of the Rhyme

2007 albums


title: Thippapur

text:
Thippapur is a village in Nizamabad district, in Telangana State.

Transport
The village is situated near Bijapur Road with connections to nearby towns and cities with regular buses and other modes of transportation.

References

Villages in Nizamabad district
Nizamabad district


title: Malaysia–Soviet Union relations

text:
Malaysia–Soviet Union relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن كساتوان سوۏيايت–مليسيا;  ) refers to the historical relationship between Malaysia and the Soviet Union.

History
Despite Malaysia's early anti-communist foreign policy due to the Malayan Emergency, the two nations established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1967. Following the establishment of relations, Malaysia also expanded and established relations with other Soviet-influenced countries such as Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic and Yugoslavia. During the time, the Soviets were also keen to develop the relations by promoting Russian culture through the exchange of radio and television programmes, artists and in the educational field. However, throughout the Cold War, relations were often tense due to Malaysia's opposition to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Soviet role in the Vietnam War and Soviet intervention in the Indian Ocean which Malaysia felt could lead to the fulfillment of the domino theory.

Economic relations
The Soviet Union was one of the largest customers of Malayan rubber during the 1950–1960 period, and displaced the United States as the largest purchaser of natural rubber with 134,000 tons purchased between January and July 1963 compared to the United States with only 96,000 tons. However, all the purchases were made through the London market as to avoid friction with Indonesia, who was also a producer of rubber in the region. In 1967, Malaysia also signed a trade agreement with the Soviet Union which was considered as the country's first agreement with a communist country, and as a prelude to full diplomatic relations.

Further reading
 Malaysia and the Soviet Union (A Relationship with a Distance) K.S. Nathan (JSTOR)

See also
 Malaysia–Russia relations

References

Soviet Union
Bilateral relations of the Soviet Union
Soviet


title: Kesanapalle

text:
Kesanapalle is a village in Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh State. It is located in Malikipuram Mandal of Amalapuram revenue division.

References

Villages in Konaseema district


title: Ode to Death

text:
Ode to Death, H. 144, Op. 38, is a musical composition for chorus and orchestra written by English composer Gustav Holst (1874–1934) in 1919. It is a setting of a passage from Walt Whitman's 1865 elegy When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd, which was written to mourn the death of American president Abraham Lincoln.

After World War I, Gustav Holst turned to the last section of Whitman's elegy to mourn friends killed in the war in composing his Ode to Death. Holst saw Whitman "as a New World prophet of tolerance and internationalism as well as a new breed of mystic whose transcendentalism offered an antidote to encrusted Victorianism." Sullivan also says, "Holst invests Whitman's vision of 'lovely and soothing death' with luminous open chords that suggest a sense of infinite space....Holst is interested here in indeterminacy, a feeling of the infinite, not in predictability and closure."

In the Ode to Death, the quiet, resigned mood is seen by Matthews as an "abrupt volte-face" after the life-enhancing spirituality of the Hymn.  Imogen Holst believed the Ode expressed Holst's private attitude to death. According to fellow composers Ralph Vaughan Williams and Ernest Walker it is considered by many to be Holst's most beautiful choral work.

See also
List of compositions by Gustav Holst

References

1919 compositions
Compositions by Gustav Holst
Musical settings of poems by Walt Whitman


title: Bottuguda

text:
Bottuguda is one of the  commercial and residential suburbs in Nalgonda district, in Telangana State.

References

Villages in Nalgonda district
Nalgonda district


title: Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

text:
Dr. Pierre-Yves Oudeyer is Research Director at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria) and head of the Inria and Ensta-ParisTech FLOWERS team. Before, he has been a permanent researcher in Sony Computer Science Laboratory for 8 years (1999-2007). He studied theoretical computer science at Ecole Normale Supérieure in Lyon, and received his Ph.D. degree in artificial intelligence from the University Paris VI, France. After working on computational models of language evolution, he is now working on developmental and social robotics, focusing on sensorimotor development, language acquisition and lifelong learning in robots. Strongly inspired by infant development, the mechanisms he studies include artificial curiosity, intrinsic motivation, the role of morphology in learning motor control, human-robot interfaces, joint attention and joint intentional understanding, and imitation learning. He has published a book, more than 80 papers in international journals and conferences, holds 8 patents, gave several invited keynote lectures in international conferences, and received several prizes for his work in developmental robotics and on the origins of language. In particular, he is laureate of the ERC Starting Grant EXPLORERS. He is editor of the IEEE CIS Newsletter on Autonomous Mental Development, and associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, Frontiers in Neurorobotics, and of the International Journal of Social Robotics. He is also working actively for the diffusion of science towards the general public, through the writing of popular science articles and participation to radio and TV programs as well as science exhibitions.

Oudeyer is inventor or co-inventor of over 15 patents covering 5 different technological issues. He received a number of awards for his thesis and certain publications.

References

External links

 http://flowers.inria.fr

1970 births
French roboticists
Artificial intelligence researchers
French computer scientists
French cognitive scientists
Researchers of artificial life
Living people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
21st-century French scientists


title: Eduard Palla

text:
Eduard Palla (3 September 1864 – 7 March 1922) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist of Moravian descent. As a botanist he specialized in research of Cyperaceae (sedges), of which he was the taxonomic authority of many species.

From 1883 to 1887 he studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna, receiving his doctorate with a dissertation on the anatomy and systematics of Cyperaceae. Following graduation he worked as an assistant to Gottlieb Haberlandt at the University of Graz, where in 1891 he obtained his habilitation in botany. In 1900–01 he conducted investigations of sedges and tropical fungi on Java and Sumatra of the Dutch East Indies. In 1909 he became an associate professor at Graz, followed by a full professorship in 1913.

Selected works
 Atlas der Alpenflora (with Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre and Anton Hartinger), II, new edition, 1897 – Atlas of Alpine flora.
 Ueber die gattung Phyllactinia, 1899 – On the genus Phyllactinia.
 Zur kenntniss der Pilobolus-arten, 1900 - On research of Pilobolus.
 Die Gattungen der mitteleuropäischen Scirpoideen, 1900 – The genera of mid-European Scirpoideae.
 Cyperaceae 1906.
 Neue Cyperaceen, 1909 – New Cyperaceae.

References

1864 births
1922 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Graz
19th-century Austrian botanists
Austrian mycologists
People from Kroměříž
20th-century Austrian botanists
Botanists from Austria-Hungary


title: Kris Crummett

text:
Kris Crummett is an American record producer and owner of Interlace Audio in Portland, Oregon. Crummett started recording in 2002. He has worked with many notable indie music record labels, including Rise Records, Epitaph Records, Fearless Records, Sumerian Records, Equal Vision Records, and Sony Japan. He is best known for his work with bands such as Sleeping With Sirens, Issues, Dance Gavin Dance, Drop Dead, Gorgeous and Alesana.

Interlace Audio
Interlace Audio was founded by Kris in 2002 after years of recording his own bands. He quit his job as a City Park Landscaper to focus on music production, and within the first year of Interlace Audio he produced successful records for Anatomy of a Ghost, Fear Before the March of Flames, Crosstide, and LKN thus making the studio an instant hit amongst post-hardcore and emo artists.

Commercial Success
In 2011 Kris partook in producing, engineering, mixing, and mastering the Sleeping With Sirens second and breakout record, Let's Cheers to This. The popular single "If You Can't Hang" has accumulated over 115 million views on YouTube and has since become a RIAA certified Gold single, with the rest of the album being RIAA certified Silver.
In 2014, Kris had two Billboard Top 10 records. Issues (band)'s self-titled and debut record "Issues" debuted at #9 and Crown The Empire's sophomore record "The Resistance: Rise Of The Runaways" debuted at #7 on the Billboard Top 200.
2015 Dance Gavin Dance's "Instant Gratification" debuted at #31 on the Billboard Top 200 charts and #18 on overall records sold. Another 2015 record, The Story So Far's self titled  "The Story So Far" placed on Billboard Top 200 #23, #1 Vinyl Sales, #2 Independent Albums.
2016 brought more success, Dance Gavin Dance's "Mothership" placed on the Billboard Top 200 at #13, #3 Vinyl Sales, and #2 Hard Rock.The same year, Issues' sophomore record "Headspace" reached the Billboard Top 200 at #20 and #1 on Hard Rock.
2018 stretched his hot streak with the ever-growing Dance Gavin Dance, the record "Artificial Selection" placed on the Billboard Top 200 at #15.

Production discography

References

External links
 Production credits ArtistDirect
 Production credits AllMusic

Record producers from Oregon
Living people
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
1982 births


title: BSPR

text:
BSPR may stand for:
Boise State Public Radio
Boston Society for Psychical Research
British Society for Proteome Research, a member of the UK Biosciences Federation
British Society for the Philosophy of Religion


title: Wiraqucha (Junín)

text:
Wiraqucha (Quechua wira fat, qucha lake, wiraqucha or Wiraqucha mister, sir, gentleman; god; one of the greatest Andean divinities (Wiraqucha); the eighth emperor of the Tawantinsuyu (Wiraqucha Inka), Hispanicized spelling Huiracocha) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is located in the Junín Region, Jauja Province, Canchayllo District. Wiraqucha lies east of the lakes named Llaksaqucha, Mankhaqucha and Chakip'aki (Chaquipaque), south of  Challwaqucha and north of the mountain named Chakip'aki. It is situated on the eastern border of the Nor Yauyos-Cochas Landscape Reserve.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Junín Region


title: Double road race

text:
The Double Road Race is a long-distance road running competition consisting of two segments or "legs" – a 10-kilometer road run, followed by a five-kilometer road run, with a short rest break in between. The Double Road Race Federation added additional distances in August 2014.  Other official distances for Double Racing® include Double 5k (3+2), Double 8k (5+3), and Double 21k (15+6). The race was created by Runner's World magazine founder Bob Anderson.

History
The first Double Road Race was held at Pleasanton, California on Dec 23, 2012 and drew 1400 runners.

In 2013, Double Road Race events were held in San Jose, Pleasanton and San Juan Bautista, California; Overland Park and Manhattan, Kansas; Denver, Colorado; and Indianapolis, Indiana.

Organizers announced plans to hold Double Road Races during 2014 in San Jose on February 22, 2014, in Pacific Grove, California on May 11, 2014 and in San Juan Bautista on September 20, 2014; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida on May 18, 2014; Indianapolis, Indiana on June 1, 2014; in Overland Park, Kansas on June 29. 2014; in San Jose Aug 22, 2014, Athens Greece Nov 29, 2014 and Pleasanton CA Dec 21.  Many more Double Racing events are scheduled for 2015.  For the lately schedule go to: http://www.doubleracing.com

The first European Double Road Race was scheduled to be held in Athens, Greece on November 29, 2014.

The race uses World Masters Association age-grading tables and is a USATF-certified, non-aided course. On July 21, 2013 at the Ft. Collins, Colorado Double Road Race, Libby James, 77, scored the top age-graded time in 2013 in the 10k women’s category for all races tracked by RunningTimes.com.

References

10K runs
Road running competitions in the United States


title: Pamukunta

text:
Pamukunta is a village in Nalgonda district, in Telangana State, India.

Transport
Pamukunta village is situated on Pamukunta Road with connections to nearby towns and cities with regular buses and other modes of transportation.

References

Villages in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district


title: Erik Nord

text:
Erik Gunnar Nord (11 September 1918 – 19 January 2014) was a Norwegian jurist, civil servant, foreign policy researcher and politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He grew up in Kolbotn, and was active in the labour movement from a young age. He took his secondary education at the Oslo Cathedral School. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was arrested by the Nazi authorities in June 1943. He was briefly imprisoned in Bredtveit concentration camp, then Berg concentration camp. In December 1943 he was transferred to Sennheim, then Buchenwald concentration camp where he remained until the camp was liberated. He took the cand.jur. degree in 1945 after the war's end.

He was employed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1947, and served in the Norwegian United Nations delegation until 1950. He was later a secretary of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs from 1953 to 1962, when he spent two years in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an assistant secretary with responsibility for the fledgling development aid project. He wrote articles on foreign affairs in the left-oppositional organ Orientering, under a pseudonym. He was a member of the Labour Party, but left after the exclusion of the left opposition in Orientering in 1961.

During the Cold War he was surveilled by Norwegian Police Surveillance Agency under Asbjørn Bryhn. According to some sources he was removed as committee secretary as a result of contact with the KGB, when Halvard Lange decided to move him to the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Nord himself has claimed to have been replaced because he was an EEC opponent. He started in NUPI in 1964 and remained here until his retirement.

NUPI today counts Nord as one of their most profiled researchers, together with John Sanness, Johan Jørgen Holst, Martin Sæter, Daniel Heradstveit and Jan Egeland. He was also a prolific popular speaker, tallying up to 200 appearances a year, including events for the EU opposition, the United Nations Association of Norway and Nei til Atomvåpen (No to Nuclear Weapons). He died in January 2014.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
People from Kolbotn
People from Nesodden
Norwegian resistance members
Bredtveit concentration camp survivors
Berg concentration camp survivors
Sennheim concentration camp survivors
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Norwegian people imprisoned abroad
University of Oslo alumni
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Akershus politicians
Norwegian anti–nuclear weapons activists


title: Shanghai Japanese School

text:
The Shanghai Japanese School (SJS) is a Japanese international school serving primary and junior high school levels in Shanghai. It has two campuses, one in Hongqiao and one in Pudong. The school's teachers are Japanese citizens. The school also has a senior high school component.

 the principal of the Pudong campus is (?), and the principal of the Hongqiao campus is .

History
In April 1987, the school was founded as The Japanese Government General Consulate of Shanghai, Shanghai Japanese School. The school has since changed its name to the current Shanghai Japanese School.

The high school opened in 2011 (Heisei 23).

Campuses

The Pudong campus (Japanese and Traditional Chinese: 浦東校, Simplified Chinese: 浦东校, Hepburn: Hotō/Pūton Kō, Pinyin: Pǔdōng Xiào), with  of space, has 71 teachers and serves 1,079 students in the elementary and junior high school levels. The Hongqiao campus (Japanese and Traditional Chinese: 虹橋校, Simplified Chinese: 虹桥校, Hepburn: Honchao Kō, Pinyin: Hóngqiáo Xiào) in Minhang District, with  of space, has 61 teachers and 1,340 students in elementary school. The SJS Senior High School is located on the Pudong campus.

Notable Alumni

See also
 Japanese community of Shanghai

Mainland China-aligned Chinese international schools in Japan:
 Kobe Chinese School
 Yokohama Yamate Chinese School

References

Further reading

 Gokami, Tetsuo (後上 鐵夫 Gokami Tetsuo; 国立特殊教育総合研究所教育相談部) and Michiyo Kobayashi (小林 倫代 Kobayashi Michiyo; 国立特殊教育総合研究所教育相談部). "上海日本人学校,北京日本人学校における特別支援教育の実情と教育相談支援" (Archive). 世界の特殊教育 21, 47-50, 2007-03. National Institute of Special Needs Education (独立行政法人国立特別支援教育総合研究所). See profile at CiNii.
 瀧田 透 (前上海日本人学校浦東校:福島県南会津郡南会津町立田島第二小学校). "上海日本人学校浦東校 社会科副読本の作成(国際理解教育・現地理解教育)." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 33, 134-136, 2010-12-24. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
 安保 尚子. "上海日本人学校高等部 : 設立の背景・意図と現状 (特集 これからの海外・帰国子女教育 : グローバル人材育成が望まれる時代)." グローバル経営 (354), 12-15, 2011-12. 日本在外企業協会. See profile at CiNii.
 岡安 明久 (前上海日本人学校虹橋校:埼玉県比企郡川島町立中山小学校). "上海日本人学校虹橋校での勤務を通して : 世界一活気のある街,上海 (第3章 教科外指導)." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 32, 51-54, 2009-10-12. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
 齊藤 悦代 (前上海日本人学校浦東校:北海道上川郡上川町立上川中学校). "上海日本人学校浦東校における国際理解教育の実践 (第5章 国際理解教育・現地理解教育)." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 32, 90-93, 2009-10-12. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
 宇野 篤史 (前上海日本人学校浦東校:兵庫県神戸市立魚崎小学校). "上海日本人学校浦東校の概要と特色ある教育活動 (第9章 その他)." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 32, 167-170, 2009-10-12. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
 常陽銀行上海駐在員事務所. "中國街角事情(第46回)上海日本人学校(小学校)事情." Joyo ARC 41(481), 34-37, 2009-11. 常陽地域研究センター. See profile at CiNii.
 古谷 寿之. "揚子江便り(74)奮闘する上海日本人学校." 中国経済 (467), 70-73, 2004-12. 日本貿易振興機構. See profile at CiNii.
 伊予銀行上海駐在員事務所. "上海便り 上海日本人学校で学ぶ子供たち." IRC調査月報 (181), 42-44, 2003-07. いよぎん地域経済研究センタ-. See profile at CiNii.
 信太 謙三. "ワールド・ナウ 国際化の波に揺れる上海日本人学校." 世界週報 83(37), 54-55, 2002-10-01. 時事通信社. See profile at CiNii.
 熊谷 高弘 (前上海日本人学校教諭・大分県玖珠町立玖珠中学校教諭). "上海日本人学校における総合的な学習 : 上海の活力に負けない児童・生徒の育成." 在外教育施設における指導実践記録 25, 31-34, 2002. Tokyo Gakugei University. See profile at CiNii.
 小島 勝. "上海日本人学校の今昔 (特集 上海--未来と過去の交錯する都市) -- (オールド上海と日本人)." Intriguing Asia (アジア遊学) (33), 112-119, 2001-11. 勉誠出版. See profile at CiNii.

External links

 Shanghai Japanese School  (srx2.net.cn)
 Shanghai Japanese School  (ja-school.com)
 "探访在上海开设的首个日本人学校高中部" (Archive). China News Service (CNS) at Chinanews.com (中国新闻网). May 17, 2011.

International schools in Shanghai
Shanghai
Schools in Pudong


title: Nikolay Olyunin

text:
Nikolay Igoryevich Olyunin (; born 23 October 1991) is a Russian snowboarder who won a silver medal at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

World cup podiums

Race podiums
  1 win – (1 SBX)
  6 podiums – (6 SBX)

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Krasnoyarsk
Russian male snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders for Russia
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic medalists in snowboarding
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Universiade medalists in snowboarding
Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Russia
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
21st-century Russian people