title: Golden Light

text:
Golden Light may refer to:

 Golden Light (film), a 1946 Finnish film
 Golden Light Sutra, a Buddhist text of the Mahayana branch of Buddhism
 "Golden Light", a song by Strfkr from Miracle Mile, 2013
 "Golden Light" (song), a song by Madden, 2016
 Golden Light (video game), a video game published in 2022
 "Golden Lights", single by Twinkle (singer) 1965

See also
 Home at the Golden Light, 1998 album by Cooder Graw


title: Bhongir railway station

text:
Bhuvanagiri (station code:BG) is a railway station in Bhuvanagiri Town, Bhuvanagiri district on Secunderabad–Kazipet line.

Services
MEMU service starts from Bhongir railway station to Falaknuma railway station.
 Falaknuma–Bhongir MEMU

References

Railway stations in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district
Secunderabad railway division


title: Kingston General Hospital, Kingston upon Hull

text:
Kingston General Hospital was an acute general hospital in Kingston upon Hull, England.

History

The Sculcoates Union Workhouse was built for the Poor law union of Sculcoates in 1844. The building was mostly influenced by the Tudor architectural style in red brick with stone dressings, and had accommodation for 500 paupers. The cost of the building was £11,000. The architect was Henry Francis Lockwood. The front of the building (facing Beverley Road) was  and was particularly ornamented. In the 1860s a fever ward (later an infirmary) was constructed at the rear of the building. The workhouse was extended in 1889 making space for 800. The Sculcoates Union also built homes in Hessle in 1897 for children. It was taken over by Hull Corporation as the Beverley Road Institution in 1930.

The workhouse joined the National Health Service with 310 beds as Kingston General Hospital in 1948. The number of beds was increased to 464 in 1963 after extensive reconstruction. The front range of the workhouse was demolished to make way for a day hospital in the 1970s. The hospital closed in 2000 and the rest of the building was demolished to allow the construction of Endeavour High School in 2001.

References

Sources

History of Kingston upon Hull
Hospitals in Kingston upon Hull
Defunct hospitals in England


title: Joke van Leeuwen

text:
Johanna Rutgera 'Joke' van Leeuwen (; born 24 September 1952) is a Dutch author, illustrator, and cabaret performer.

Life and career
Johanna Rutgera van Leeuwen was born on 24 September 1952 in The Hague, Netherlands. She studied at the University of Brussels and has won various awards for her literature for children which sometimes uses a quest as a theme. Her awards includes the Dutch Youth literature award which is only given every three years.

Many of her books have been translated into German by Mirjam Pressler and Hanni Ehlers.

Awards
For oeuvre
 Theo Thijssen-prijs (2000)
 Gouden Ganzenveer (2010)
 Constantijn Huygens Prize (2012)

For individual works
 Gouden Penseel (1980) for Een huis met zeven kamers
 Zilveren Griffel (1980) for Een huis met zeven kamers
 Zilveren Griffel (1982) for De metro van Magnus
 Gouden Griffel (1986) for Deesje
 Zilveren Penseel (1986) for Deesje
 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (1988) for Deesje
 Zilveren Griffel (1989) for We zijn allang begonnen, maar nu begint het echt
 Zilveren Griffel (1993) for Niet wiet, wel nel
 C. Buddingh'-prijs (1995) for Laatste lezers
 Zilveren Griffel (1996) for Ik ben ik
 Golden Owl (1997) for Iep!
 Zilveren Griffel (1997) for Iep!
 Zilveren Griffel (1999) for Kukel
 Zilveren Griffel (2005) for Waarom een buitenboordmotor eenzaam is
 Gouden Penseel (2007) for Heb je mijn zusje gezien?
 Zilveren Griffel (2007) for Heb je mijn zusje gezien?
 Zilveren Penseel (2009) for Een halve hond heel denken
 AKO Literatuurprijs (2013) for Feest van het begin
 Zilveren Griffel (2016) for Mooi boek
 Zilveren Griffel (2018) for Toen ik

Bibliography
 (1978) De Appelmoesstraat is anders (The Apple Sauce Street Is Different)
 (1979) Een huis met zeven kamers (A House With Seven Rooms)
 (1981) De metro van Magnus (The Subway of Magnus)
 (1983) Sus en Jum, 1, 2, 3 (Sus and Jum, 1, 2, 3)
 (1985) Deesje
 (1985) Fien wil een flus (Fien wants a flus)
 (1988) We zijn allang begonnen, maar nu begint het echt (We have already started, but now it really starts)
 (1992) Niet Wiet, wel Nel (Not Wiet, but Nel)
 (1994) Laatste lezers (Last readers)
 (1995) Ik ben ik (I am me)
 (1996) Iep! (Eep!)
 (1998) Kukel
 (2004) Waarom een buitenboordmotor eenzaam is (Why an outboard motor is lonely)
 (2006) Heb je mijn zusje gezien? (Have you seen my sister)
 (2008) Een halve hond heel denken (Thinking half a dog whole)
 (2012) Feest van het begin (Feast of the beginning)
 (2015) De onervarenen (The unexperienced)
 (2015) Mooi boek (Beautiful book)
 (2017) Toen ik (When I)

References

External links

1952 births
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch women writers
21st-century Dutch novelists
21st-century Dutch women writers
Constantijn Huygens Prize winners
Dutch children's book illustrators
Dutch children's writers
Dutch illustrators
Dutch women illustrators
Dutch women children's writers
Living people
Writers from The Hague
Dutch women novelists
Woutertje Pieterse Prize winners
C. Buddingh' Prize winners
Gouden Griffel winners
Gouden Penseel winners


title: Momentum (Bill Evans album)

text:
Momentum is a live album recorded in 1972 at Groningen, the Netherlands, by American jazz pianist Bill Evans with a trio including Eddie Gómez on bass and Marty Morell on drums.

Background
The album was first professionally recorded at a concert with Bill Evans, Eddie Gomez, and Marty Morell in Groningen, Netherlands, in 1972. But after almost forty years of preservation a second recording of Momentum was released. The name of the album was chosen by Nanette Evans, his widow. She claimed, "At the time of this recording in 1972, Bill was experiencing a momentous upswing in his personal life, his health, and his career," she remembered. "So I would like to give the album the appropriate title of Momentum."

Evans is known for his quiet, reserved, repeated dominant 7th chords that create a scenic effect. Miles Davis describes it as follows: "Bill had this quiet fire that I loved on piano. The way he approached it, the sound he got was like crystal notes or sparkling water cascading down from some clear waterfall. I had to change the way the band sounded again for Bill's style by playing different tunes, softer ones at first."

Reception

Ken Dryden of Allmusic wrote of the album; "Evans' trio with bassist Eddie Gomez and drummer Marty Morell is in top form throughout this concert, while the repertoire will be familiar to the leader's fans. The pianist is in a reflective mood." Aaron of DownBeat wrote; "The trio drew heavily on an established repertoire of tunes, such as “Emily,” which they extend further than they had four years earlier... It’s thrilling to hear this trio get aggressive: Evans continues in his quiet determination to challenge ideas of where the pulse should be, Gomez sounds authoritatively forceful on 'Emily' and Morell is equally dynamic on 'My Romance.'"

Track listing

Disc 1
"Re: Person I Knew" (Bill Evans) – 7:59
"Elsa" (Earl Zindars) – 7:04
"Turn Out the Stars" (Evans) – 5:13
"Gloria's Step" (Scott LaFaro) – 9:37
"Emily" (Johnny Mandel, Johnny Mercer) – 7:47
"Quiet Now" (Denny Zeitlin) – 5:38

Disc 2
"My Romance" (Richard Rodgers) – 10:24
"Sugar Plum" (Evans) – 11:33
"The Two Lonely People" (Evans) – 8:12
"Who Can I Turn To" (Leslie Bricusse, Anthony Newley) – 7:49
"What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life" (Michel Legrand) – 5:17
"Nardis" (Miles Davis) – 6:09

Personnel
 Bill Evans – piano
 Eddie Gomez – bass
 Marty Morell – drums

References

External links
Keepitswinging.blogspot.com

2012 live albums
Bill Evans albums


title: Maude Jacques

text:
Maude Jacques (April 21, 1992 – October 8, 2023) was a Canadian 2.5 point Paralympic wheelchair basketball player who won a gold medal at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto.

Biography
Maude Jacques was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec, on April 21, 1992. She was introduced to wheelchair basketball in 2001 by her physiotherapist. She first played for a mini-team in her home town, and then for club teams. She represented Quebec at the 2011 Canada Games, where her team won a gold medal. That year she was selected first to the U25 national team, and then to the senior women's national team. She played with the U25 team at the 2011 U25 World Championships in St. Catharines, Ontario, where Team Canada came fourth, and then the senior team at the 2011 Parapan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, where Team Canada came second. The following year she made her Paralympic debut at the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games in London, where Team Canada came sixth. Afterwards she joined the women's wheelchair basketball team at the University of Alabama. In July 2014, she was part of the team that won a gold medal at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto. The University of Alabama wheelchair basketball team of which she was part won their fourth national championship in the seven years in 2015 with a 58–52 win over the University of Illinois. In August 2015, she was part of the team that won silver at the 2015 Parapan American Games, but the following year she was omitted from the team for the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. She retired from the sport in 2020.

In wheelchair tennis, she won the Birmingham National Championships in 2015, becoming the Canadian national champion. She participated in the 2016 Alabama Open in August 2016, and the Birmingham National Championships in October 2016.

Jacques died at a hospital in Sherbrooke on October 8, 2023, at the age of 31 from a bacterial infection.

Awards
 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal  (2013)

References

External links
  (in French)

1992 births
2023 deaths
Canadian women's wheelchair basketball players
French Quebecers
Paralympic wheelchair basketball players for Canada
Sportspeople from Sherbrooke
Wheelchair basketball players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics


title: Echo's Bones

text:
‘Echo's Bones’ is a short story by Samuel Beckett that was originally written in 1933. The Europa Press published a stand alone version of the story in 1935. This edition included 25 copies signed by Becket.

The title is an allusion to the myth of Echo and Narcissus, in the version told in Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book III.  In particular, the line "Echo's bones were turned to stone" is in Beckett's Dream of Fair to Middling Women notebook.

Background
Beckett's collection More Pricks Than Kicks, ten stories in the life and death of one Belacqua Shuah, was accepted for publication by Chatto & Windus in 1933.  The editor asked Beckett for an additional story to help bulk up the physical book.  Beckett agreed, and chose to place the new story after the existing ten, and did so by giving an afterlife to Belacqua.

His editor, Charles Prentice, quickly rejected the story as too strange:

Beckett later (1962) gave the typescript to Lawrence Harvey.  The typescript and a carbon copy ended up in Beckett archives, and has been available for study by scholars.

Beckett rewrote the ending of "Draff", the last story in More Pricks Than Kicks, taking text from "Echo's Bones".  The opening paragraph was published in Chris Ackerley's Demented Particulars: The Annotated Murphy (Journal of Beckett Studies, 1998).  The title itself was used as the title of a poem, and then for his poetry anthology Echo's Bones and Other Precipitates.

The story was finally published in 2014, by Faber and Faber in the U.K. and Grove Press in the U.S, edited by Mark Nixon, the director of the Beckett International Foundation at the University of Reading.  In addition to the story, Echo's Bones contains an introduction, extensive annotations (longer than the text), and the 1933 letters from Prentice to Beckett.

Summary
Belacqua finds himself alive again, and spends his time sitting on a fence, smoking cigars.

After what seems like forty days, Belacqua is approached and ravaged by Zaborovna Privet, and ends up sitting on a fence again.

He is then struck by a stray golf ball, hit by Lord Haemo Gall of Wormwood, an impotent giant,
whose main concern is producing a male heir.  Belacqua is kidnapped for this purpose, but the child turns out to be a girl.

Belacqua ends up sitting on his own tombstone.  The unnamed groundsman in "Draff" who tended to Belacqua's grave is back, now named Mick Doyle and intending to rob the grave.  Belacqua bets Doyle he'll find nothing there.  Only stones are found.

Further reading

References

2014 fiction books
Books by Samuel Beckett
Short stories by Samuel Beckett
Fiction about the afterlife
1933 short stories
2014 short stories


title: List of national monuments in County Tipperary

text:
This is a list of national monuments in County Tipperary. In the Republic of Ireland, a structure or site may be deemed to be a "national monument", and therefore worthy of state protection, if it is of national importance. If the land adjoining the monument is essential to protect it, this land may also be protected.

National monuments

|}

Sources
National Monuments in County Tipperary (North)
National Monuments in County Tipperary (South)

Tipperary
Tipperary
National monuments


The 1972 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 7, 1972. All 50 states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1972 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States.  This was also the first presidential election after the passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which decreased the voting age from 21 to 18.

For over sixty years Virginia had had the most restricted electorate in the United States due to a cumulative poll tax and literacy tests. Virginia would be almost entirely controlled by the conservative Democratic Byrd Organization for four of those decades, although during the Organization’s last twenty years of controlling the state it would direct many Virginia voters away from the national Democratic Party due to opposition to black civil rights and to the fiscal liberalism of the New Deal. After the Twenty-Fourth Amendment and Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections the state’s electorate would substantially expand as the burden of poll taxes on the lower classes was removed. Contemporaneously the postwar Republican trend of the Northeast-aligned Washington D.C. suburbs, which had begun as early as 1944, would accelerate and become intensified by the mobilisation of working-class Piedmont whites against a national Democratic Party strongly associated with black interests.

After 1966 the statewide Democratic party was severely divided into conservative, moderate and liberal factions, so that in addition to voting Republican in four of five presidential elections, Virginia’s Congressional delegation would gain a Republican majority as early as the 91st Congress, and Linwood Holton would become the first Republican governor since the 1880s Readjuster fusion. However, it was 1970 before significant GOP gains occurred in the state legislature, and it was generally acknowledged that President Nixon offered no support to down-ballot Republican candidates.

Campaign
Neither incumbent United States President Richard Nixon nor South Dakota Senator George McGovern of the Democratic Party campaigned in the state, which all polls had conceded to Nixon from the beginning of August.

78% of white voters supported Nixon while 22% supported McGovern.

Predictions

Analysis
Virginia was won by Nixon with a landslide 67.84 percent of the vote. Nixon also won the national election with 60.67 percent of the vote.

In strict accordance with national trends, McGovern carried just one county or independent city in Virginia — however, that jurisdiction, Charles City County, saw McGovern receive over 67 percent of the vote, and was his fourth-strongest county in the country. , this constitutes the last occasion the Republican Party has carried Brunswick County, Greensville County, Surry County, Sussex County, and the cities of Charlottesville, Norfolk, Petersburg, Portsmouth and Richmond. It is also the last occasion Virginia voted to the right of Wyoming.

However, Nixon did not win all of the electoral votes in Virginia because one of his pledged electors, Roger MacBride, instead cast his vote for Libertarian candidate John Hospers and his running mate, Tonie Nathan. Although Hospers was not on the ballot in Virginia, MacBride's vote was the first electoral vote ever cast for a female candidate (Nathan); MacBride was subsequently nominated as the Libertarian candidate for President in the next election. This was the first ever occasion where Franklin County and Nelson County voted Republican, the first since 1888 that Greensville County did so, the first since 1892 that Dinwiddle, Southampton, and Surry Counties did so, the first since 1900 that Henry County did so, the first time since 1920 that Wise County voted Republican, the first since 1924 that Buchanan County did so, and the first time since 1928 that Isle of Wight County and Portsmouth did so.

Results

Results by county or independent city

Notes

References

Works cited

1972
1972 Virginia elections
Virginia


title: Bale Telipaale

text:
Bale Telipaale is an Indian Tulu language comedy competition show that premiered on Namma TV in December, 2014. It become one of Tulu Nadu's most watched shows.

References

Tulu language
Television stations in Mangalore
Indian comedy television series
24-hour television news channels in India


title: Brandur Sandoy

text:
Brandur Sandoy (born 23 April 1973 in Sandur, Faroe Islands) is a Faroese politician, sheep farmer and businessman. His surname is the same as the name of the island Sandoy, where he lives. He runs a sheep farm in Inni í Dal between Sandur and Skopun, near the school and football stadium of B71 Sandoy. He also runs a small business named BS-Smíð and rents a holiday home together with his wife Anja Sandoy, with whom he has three children: Várdis, Pauli and Pál. He is a former football player, he played for B71 Sandoy in the 1990s.

Political career
Sandoy was elected to the town council of Sandur in November 2008 and took seat in the town council on 1 January 2009. At that time Páll á Reynatúgvu was mayor, but in October 2009 Brandur Sandoy became mayor. In November 2011 he became a member of the Faroese parliament representing People's Party (Fólkaflokkurin), the Løgting. He was not elected directly, but because his party the People's Party became a member of the coalition, three of the elected members of the People's Party became ministers and these persons who all were elected to the Løgting were granted leave from the Løgting which is common practise in the Faroe Islands. Sandoy took Jørgen Niclasen's seat, who became Finance Minister. He is member of the Committee of Justice (one of the standing committees of the Løgting), and vice member of The Welfare Committee and of the Committee on Fisheries and Industry. Sandoy is vice president of the West Nordic Council since January 2014.

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Members of the Løgting
People's Party (Faroe Islands) politicians
B71 Sandoy players
Men's association football players not categorized by position
Faroese men's footballers


title: Van der Noot

text:
Van der Noot is a Dutch or Flemish surname, with several variations. Van der Noot may refer to:

 The noble family of the Count van der Noot, the current Marquess of Assche:
Philips Erard van der Noot, 13th Bishop of Ghent.
Roger-Wauthier van der Noot, 1st Baron of Carloo, mayor of Brussels.
Maximiliaan Antoon van der Noot, Bishop of Ghent.
Theodore van der Noot, 8th Marquess of Assche
Elisabeth van der Noot d'Assche, daughter of the 9th Marquess of Assche.
Henri Van der Noot (1731-1827), Belgian revolutionary and nationalist
Thomas van der Noot (1475-1525), Belgian printer and author
Thomas van der Noot (military figure) (1630-1677), Belgian soldier in the Swedish army
Dino Betti van der Noot (born 1936), an Italian jazz composer

Vandernoot may refer to:

Alexandra Vandernoot (born 1965), Belgian actress
André Vandernoot (1927–1991), Belgian conductor

See also
Van der Nootska Palace, a palace in Sweden built by Thomas van der Noot.

Dutch-language surnames
No
Surnames of Dutch origin


title: Katie Harnock

text:
Katie Harnock ( ; born August 12, 1983) is a Canadian 2.0 point Paralympic wheelchair basketball player.

Biography
Katie Harnock was born in Kitchener, Ontario, on August 12, 1983. She attended St. David Catholic Secondary School. She commenced playing wheelchair basketball in 1993, when she was just 10 years old, after she received a local club's brochure in the mail. She joined her local team in Kitchener when she was 13. In 1998 she was named the Junior Female Athlete of the Year by the Ontario Wheelchair Sports Association. She joined the senior national team in 2006, and made her Paralympic debut at the 2008 Summer Paralympic Games in Beijing, where Canada came fifth. In 2012, she participated in the 2012 Summer Paralympic Games in London, where Canada came sixth. She attended the University of Alabama, where she studied English, graduating in 2013.

Harnock was part of the team that won a gold medal at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto in July 2014, and silver at the 2015 Parapan American Games in August 2015.

Awards
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal  (2013)

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Paralympic wheelchair basketball players for Canada
Canadian women's wheelchair basketball players
Sportspeople from Kitchener, Ontario
Wheelchair basketball players at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Wheelchair basketball players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Wheelchair basketball players at the 2016 Summer Paralympics


title: Love Is Duty Free

text:
Love is Duty Free () is a 1941 comedy film directed by E. W. Emo and starring Hans Moser, Susi Peter, and Theodor Danegger. The film was made by  Wien-Film, a Vienna-based company set up after Austria had been incorporated into Greater Germany following the 1938 Anschluss. The film was intended to mock the First Austrian Republic and its democratic system of government as incompetent.

Synopsis
The financially hard-pressed Austrian government have arranged a secret deal with the Swiss, but an officious Austrian customs officer is unaware of this and arrests the Swiss representatives in the belief that they are wanted criminals.

Cast

References

Bibliography

External links

1941 films
Films of Nazi Germany
German comedy films
1941 comedy films
1940s German-language films
Films directed by E. W. Emo
Films set in the 1930s
Films set in Austria
Nazi propaganda films
German black-and-white films
1940s German films


title: Snehalata Reddy

text:
Snehalatha Reddy (1932 – 20 January 1977) was an Indian actress, producer and social activist known for her works in Kannada cinema, Kannada theatre, Telugu cinema, and Telugu theatre. She was arrested over her involvement in the Baroda dynamite case and imprisoned for over 8 months during the Emergency in India. She was the co-founder of the Madras Players in the 1960s, the amateur group that staged memorable productions like Ibsen's Peer Gynt, directed by Douglas Alger, besides Twelfth Night and Tennessee William's Night of the Iguana, directed by Peter Coe. Besides, she acted in, directed, or produced plays such as A View from the Bridge and The House of Bernarda Alba. In 2003, her husband Pattabhirama Reddy presented - In the Hour of God, a play based on Sri Aurobindo's classic Savitri, inspired by the mythical woman who defied death for love, which he dedicated to Snehalata Reddy.

Personal life
Snehalatha was born in 1932 to second generation Christian converts from the state of Andhra Pradesh. She strongly opposed the Colonial Rule and her initial years were immersed in the freedom struggle. She resented the British to such an extent that she reverted to her Indian name and wore only Indian clothes. Snehalatha was married to poet and film director Pattabhi Rama Reddy. The couple were devoted to the cause of renowned freedom fighter and activist Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia. Snehalata came under national spotlight for her role in the Kannada film Samskara, written by UR Ananthamurthy and directed by her husband. The film went on to win the National Award in 1970. Her last film Sone Kansari  was released in 1977, after her death. Her daughter Nandana Reddy is a human rights, social and political activist. She is the founder and director of CWC (Concerned for Working Children) a Bangalore-based NGO that was nominated for 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Nandana has written various memoirs of her mother's ordeals at imprisonment during the Emergency. Her son Konarak Reddy is a musical artist.

Political activism
Snehalatha and her husband actively participated in the anti-Emergency movement. They spoke out against the tyrannical Indira Gandhi regime and the proclamation of Emergency in consideration with their affiliation to Lohia's principles. She was a close friend of George Fernandes, the trade unionist and politician and was arrested on 2 May 1976 for being a part of the Baroda dynamite case. However, while George Fernandes and 24 others were in the list of accused, Snehalatha's name was not mentioned in final charge-sheet. She was considered guilty by mere association. She was held without trial for eight months in Bangalore Central Jail, enduring regular torture and was subjected to inhumane conditions. Despite having chronic asthma she received irregular treatment and on two occasions even went into an asthmatic coma. Her frail health worsened due to solitary confinement. With her health failing, Snehalatha was eventually released on parole on 15 January 1977. As a result of chronic asthma and debilitating lung infection, she died on 20 January 1977, just 5 days after her release. She is one of the first martyrs of the Emergency.

Madhu Dandavate, who was also in the same jail where Snehalata was imprisoned, writes in his memoir, "I could hear the screams of Snehalata from her cell in the silence of the night".

While in jail, Snehalatha Reddy had maintained a diary which was published by the Karnataka Human Rights Committee in 1977 in a compilation titled A Prison Diary. A documentary was made based on her diary in year 2019.

Filmography
Samskara (1970)
Chanda Marutha (1977)
Sone Kansari (1977)

References

External links

1932 births
1977 deaths
Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Indian stage actresses
Indian film actresses
Actresses from Bangalore
Victims of police brutality
20th-century Indian actresses
Karnataka politicians
Indian arts administrators
Indian human rights activists
Kannada screenwriters
Kannada film directors
Indian women film directors
Indian women film producers
Film producers from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian film directors
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Film directors from Andhra Pradesh
Indian women activists
Indian civil rights activists
Social workers from Karnataka
Social workers from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian screenwriters
Women civil rights activists


title: Thomas J. Homer

text:
Thomas J. Homer (born January 12, 1947) is an American politician from Illinois who served as a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives and later as a judge and the first Legislative Inspector General.

Early life and career
Thomas J. Homer was born January 12, 1947, in Canton, Illinois. Homer graduated from Canton High School. He then earned a political science degree at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign where he was also a member of the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps. He served in the United States Army Reserve until 1978, receiving an honorable discharge as a First Lieutenant. He earned a juris doctor from Chicago-Kent College of Law. Upon his graduation from law school in 1974, Homer served as Assistant State's Attorney in Lake County, Illinois. Two years later, he moved back to Canton to run for State's Attorney in Fulton County, Illinois; he won. In 1976, Homer was elected as the Fulton County State's Attorney and was re-elected in 1980.

Illinois House of Representatives
In the 1982 election, Homer ran as the Democratic candidate against Republican candidate Thomas C. Schrepfer, a physician from Havana, Illinois, on a platform of lowering unemployment, fixing deteriorating roads, and helping local school finances. Homer was elected and represented the 91st district for six terms.

From 1982 to 1994, Homer served six terms in the Illinois House of Representatives, as a Democrat of the 91st District which comprises parts of Fulton, Mason, Peoria, Tazewell counties in Central Illinois. At various points during his six terms, he served as Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee and Majority Floor Leader. He also maintained a private law practice in Canton, Illinois, engaging in the general practice of law, including estate planning, real estate law, criminal defense and civil litigation. Homer tried a number of jury cases as a plaintiff's lawyer and criminal defense attorney.

In 1986, he was mentioned as a potential candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, but opted to run for reelection. In 1990, Homer and fellow Democrat Bill Edley, were opponents of the decision to rebury the unearthed remains of Native Americans found at Dickson Mounds unburied.

In the 1994 United States House of Representatives elections, Homer ran for the Democratic nomination to succeed Robert H. Michel, the retiring House Minority Leader. However, Homer lost the primary to trial lawyer, G. Douglas Stephens who previously ran competitive elections against Michel in 1982 and in 1988. Ray LaHood, a former State Representative and Michel's Chief of Staff, won the election. Homer was succeeded in the Illinois House by Michael K. Smith.

Judgeship
In 1995, judge Allan Strouder died in office. In the 1996 election, Homer was the Democratic nominee to fill the remainder of Strouder’s term. Homer defeated Republican candidate John F. Michela, who was originally appointed to the vacancy created by Allan Strouder’s death. From 1996 to 2002, Homer was elected to serve as an Illinois Appellate Court Judge of the Third District, presiding over appeals by litigants from trial court decisions throughout a 21-county jurisdiction in North Central Illinois. During this time, Homer authored numerous written judicial decisions, opinions that serve as legal precedent throughout the State of Illinois. And he was twice elected by his fellow justices to serve as the Presiding Justice of the Court.

He stepped down from the bench in 2002 and founded The Homer Law Firm in 2004. The Homer Law Firm in Naperville, Illinois, focuses on estate planning, asset protection, probate, trust administration and civil mediation. As a Certified Financial Planner, he also advises clients with respect to wealth accumulation and wealth preservation strategies. Homer serves as an instructor at the Estate Retirement Planning Seminars sponsored by the Illinois State Retirement System (SRS) and Judicial Retirement System (JRS).

Legislative Inspector General
In 2004, Homer was appointed the first Illinois Legislative Inspector General. In 2008, Homer retained as Inspector General for another term to end June 30, 2013. In this role, he investigated allegations of misconduct and ethics violations filed against members of the Illinois General Assembly and its employees. He also oversaw ethics training and provided ethics guidance to members of the General Assembly.

Post-legislative career
Homer was appointed by Governor Bruce Rauner to the Illinois Board of Examiners March 24, 2017. The Board of Examiners adopts and prescribes rules and regulations for fair and impartial methods of determining the qualifications of applicants for examination to become a Certified Public Accountant. He was reappointed on August 24, 2018,  for a term expiring July 31, 2021.

References

1947 births
Judges of the Illinois Appellate Court
Living people
Members of the Illinois House of Representatives
People from Canton, Illinois
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Chicago-Kent College of Law alumni


title: Otto Guerra

text:
Otto Guerra Neto (born March 5, 1956 in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian filmmaker and animator.

Biography
Guerra studied philosophy, law and communication, without graduating on any of these courses. He made comics inspired by the Franco-Belgian comics of Hergé. In 1977, he worked in an advertising agency in Porto Alegre, doing animation for commercials. The following year, he founded his own studio, Otto Desenhos Animados. His first short film was O Natal do Burrinho, released in 1984.

In 1995, Guerra released the feature film Rocky & Hudson - Os Caubóis Gays, based on the comic strip by Adão Iturrusgarai. In 2006, he produced Wood & Stock: Sexo, Orégano e Rock'n'Roll, based on the characters by cartoonist Angeli. In 2013, the director launched Até que a Sbórnia nos Separe, based on the musical duo Tangos e Tragédias.

Filmography

Short movies
1984 - O Natal do burrinho
1985 - As cobras - o filme
1986 - Treiler - a última tentativa
1989 - Reino azul
1992 - Novela
1994 - Pistola automática do doutor Brain
1997 - O Arraial
2000 - Cavaleiro Jorge

Feature films
1995 - Rocky & Hudson - Os Caubóis Gays
2006 - Wood & Stock: Sexo, Orégano e Rock'n'Roll
2013 - Até que a Sbórnia nos Separe
2018 - A Cidade dos Piratas

References

External links
Otto Desenhos Animados studio site

Living people
1956 births
Brazilian animators
Brazilian animated film directors
Brazilian filmmakers
Brazilian comics artists
People from Porto Alegre


title: 2014 NCAA Division III football season

text:
The 2014 NCAA Division III football season, play of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level, was the most recent season of NCAA Division III football. The season began on September 4 and concluded on December 19 with title game of the NCAA Division III Football Championship.  Wisconsin–Whitewater won their sixth Division III title with a 43–34 win over Mount Union at Salem Football Stadium in Salem, Virginia.  This was the ninth time in ten seasons that Mount Union and Wisconsin–Whitewater met in the title game.

Conference changes and new programs

Conference standings

Conference summaries

Headlines
 October 18
 Lance Leipold, head coach at Wisconsin–Whitewater, sets an all-divisions NCAA record for the fewest games required to reach 100 career wins, doing so in his 106th career game, a 52–3 blowout of Wisconsin–Eau Claire. The previous record was set by Hall of Fame coach Gil Dobie, who reached the 100-win mark in his 108th game at Cornell in 1921.

Postseason

Twenty-four conferences met the requirements for an automatic ("Pool A") bid to the playoffs. Besides the NESCAC, which does not participate in the playoffs, three conferences had no Pool A bid. The MASCAC and SAA were in the second year of the two-year waiting period; the SCAC had only four members, three short of the requirement. The American Southwest, which had fallen below seven members in 2013, was in the second year of the two-year grace period.

Schools not in Pool A conferences were eligible for Pool B. The number of Pool B bids was determined by calculating the ratio of Pool A conferences to schools in those conferences and applying that ratio to the number of Pool B schools. The 24 Pool A conferences contained 207 schools, an average of 8.6 teams per conference. Twenty-four schools were in Pool B, enough for two bids.

The remaining six playoff spots were at-large ("Pool C") teams.

Playoff bracket
{{32TeamBracket|compact=yes|seeds=no
| team-width=14em
| RD1=First RoundNovember 22Campus Sites
| RD2=Second RoundNovember 29Campus Sites
| RD3=QuarterfinalsDecember 6Campus Sites
| RD4=SemifinalsDecember 13Campus Sites
| RD5=National Championship GameDecember 19

| RD1-team01= Wisconsin–Whitewater*
| RD1-score01= 55
| RD1-team02= Macalester
| RD1-score02= 2
| RD1-team03= Wabash*
| RD1-score03= 33
| RD1-team04= Franklin
| RD1-score04=14
| RD1-team05= Saint John's (MN)*
| RD1-score05= 35| RD1-team06= St. Scholastica
| RD1-score06=7
| RD1-team07= Wartburg*| RD1-score07= 37| RD1-team08= St. Thomas (MN)
| RD1-score08= 31

| RD1-team09= Widener*| RD1-score09= 36| RD1-team10= Muhlenberg
| RD1-score10= 35
| RD1-team11= Delaware Valley*
| RD1-score11= 26
| RD1-team12= Christopher Newport| RD1-score12= 29| RD1-team13= Linfield*| RD1-score13= 55| RD1-team14= Chapman
| RD1-score14= 24
| RD1-team15= Mary Hardin–Baylor*| RD1-score15= 27| RD1-team16= Texas Lutheran
| RD1-score16= 20

| RD1-team17= Wesley*| RD1-score17= 52| RD1-team18= Hampden–Sydney
| RD1-score18= 7
| RD1-team19= Husson*
| RD1-score19= 20
| RD1-team20= MIT| RD1-score20= 27*| RD1-team21= Johns Hopkins*| RD1-score21= 24| RD1-team22= Rowan
| RD1-score22= 16
| RD1-team23= Hobart*| RD1-score23= 22| RD1-team24= Ithaca
| RD1-score24=15

| RD1-team25= Wheaton (IL)*| RD1-score25= 43| RD1-team26= Benedictine (IL)
| RD1-score26=14
| RD1-team27= John Carroll*| RD1-score27= 63| RD1-team28= Centre
| RD1-score28= 28
| RD1-team29= Wittenberg*
| RD1-score29= 25
| RD1-team30= Washington & Jefferson| RD1-score30= 41| RD1-team31= Mount Union*| RD1-score31= 63| RD1-team32= Adrian
| RD1-score32=3

| RD2-team01= Wisconsin–Whitewater*
| RD2-score01= 38| RD2-team02= Wabash
| RD2-score02= 14
| RD2-team03= St. John's (MN)
| RD2-score03= 10
| RD2-team04= Wartburg*
| RD2-score04=21| RD2-team05= Widener*
| RD2-score05= 37| RD2-team06= Christopher Newport
| RD2-score06= 27
| RD2-team07= Linfield| RD2-score07= 31| RD2-team08= Mary Hardin–Baylor*
| RD2-score08=28

| RD2-team09= Wesley*
| RD2-score09= 59| RD2-team10= MIT
| RD2-score10= 0
| RD2-team11= Johns Hopkins
| RD2-score11= 21
| RD2-team12= Hobart*
| RD2-score12=24| RD2-team13= Wheaton (IL)*
| RD2-score13= 12
| RD2-team14= John Carroll| RD2-score14= 14| RD2-team15= Washington & Jefferson
| RD2-score15= 0
| RD2-team16= Mount Union*
| RD2-score16=67| RD3-team01= Wisconsin–Whitewater*
| RD3-score01= 37| RD3-team02= Wartburg
| RD3-score02=33

| RD3-team03=Widener*
| RD3-score03= 7
| RD3-team04= Linfield| RD3-score04=45| RD3-team05= Wesley*
| RD3-score05= 41| RD3-team06= Hobart
| RD3-score06=13

| RD3-team07= John Carroll
| RD3-score07=28
| RD3-team08= Mount Union*
| RD3-score08=36| RD4-team01= Wisconsin–Whitewater*
| RD4-score01= 20| RD4-team02=Linfield
| RD4-score02= 14
| RD4-team03= Wesley
| RD4-score03= 21
| RD4-team04= Mount Union*
| RD4-score04= 70| RD5-team01= Wisconsin-Whitewater| RD5-score01= 43| RD5-team02= Mount Union
| RD5-score02= 34
}}
* Home team    † Overtime    Winner'''

See also
2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season
2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season
2014 NCAA Division II football season

References


title: West Indiaman

text:
West Indiaman was a general name for any merchantman sailing ship making runs from the Old World to the West Indies and the east coast of the Americas. These ships were generally strong ocean-going ships capable of handling storms in the Atlantic Ocean. The term was used to refer to vessels belonging to the Danish (e.g. ), Dutch, English, and French (e.g. ) West India companies.

Similarly, at the time (18th and 19th centuries) people also referred to East Indiamen (ships trading with the East Indies), Guineamen (slave ships), or Greenlandmen (whalers in the North Seas whale fishery).

British West Indiamen tended to be London-built and to sail directly from England (generally London), to the West Indies. Guineamen tended to be built (or owned) in Bristol and Liverpool, and to sail from Bristol or Liverpool via West Africa in what is now often referred to as the triangular trade in enslaved people. There were London-based Guineamen, (for example ), and Liverpool-based West Indiamen, (for example  and ).

There were design differences between vessels built for the different trades, but the vessels were not highly specialized. A vessel built as a West Indiaman typically had less height between decks than comparably sized East Indiaman. For instance,  had a height of  in her upper deck and a mere  under her lower deck. , a comparably sized East Indiaman, had a height of  below her deck. The cargoes the two types of vessels were designed to carry dictated the difference. West Indiamen brought semi-liquid sugar back to England in casks laid on their sides that were only laid in one course. East Indiamen carried mostly light goods in bales or cases that could be and were necessarily laid to a greater height.

Often the same vessel would move between roles and routes over the course of her career as entrepreneurial owners chased profitability. Thus  started and finished as a West Indiaman, but in between made a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) as an East Indiaman, and two voyages as a Guineaman.  made one voyage as an East Indiaman for the EIC, then several as a Greenlandman, and ended up a West Indiaman.

See also
Chinaman (ship), a ship used to transport colonial goods from China
Guineaman, a ship used to transport slaves from the region of Guinea
East Indiaman, a ship used to transport colonial goods from the East Indies and the Indian Subcontinent

Bibliography

References

Age of Sail merchant ships of England
African slave trade
Whaling ships
Ship types
Whaling
Tall ships


title: Göppingen (electoral district)

text:
Göppingen is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 263. It is located in eastern Baden-Württemberg, comprising the Göppingen district.

Göppingen was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2013, it has been represented by Hermann Färber of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Geography
Göppingen is located in eastern Baden-Württemberg. As of the 2021 federal election, it is coterminous with the Göppingen district.

History
Göppingen was created in 1949. In the 1949 election, it was Württemberg-Baden Landesbezirk Württemberg constituency 7 in the numbering system. In the 1953 through 1961 elections, it was number 169. In the 1965 through 1976 elections, it was number 172. In the 1980 through 1998 elections, it was number 167. In the 2002 and 2005 elections, it was number 264. Since the 2009 election, it has been number 263.

Originally, the constituency comprised the Göppingen district and the municipalities of Bissingen an der Teck, Dettingen unter Teck, Holzmaden, Kirchheim unter Teck, Lenningen, Neidlingen, Notzingen, Ohmden, Owen, Weilheim an der Teck, and Wolfschlugen from the Nürtingen district. It acquired its current borders in the 1965 election.

Members
The constituency has been held continuously by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since its creation. It was first represented by Georg Baur from 1949 to 1953, followed by Hermann Finckh from 1953 to 1965. Manfred Wörner was representative from 1965 to 1990, a total of seven consecutive terms. Claus Jäger served one term from 1990 to 1994, followed by Klaus Riegert from 1994 to 2013. Hermann Färber was elected in 2013, and re-elected in 2017 and 2021.

Election results

2021

2017

2013

2009

References

Federal electoral districts in Baden-Württemberg
1949 establishments in West Germany
Constituencies established in 1949
Göppingen (district)


title: Petrozavodsk (disambiguation)

text:
Petrozavodsk is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

Petrozavodsk may also refer to:
Petrozavodsk Airport, an airport in the Republic of Karelia, Russia
Petrozavodsk Kongs, an American football team based in Petrozavodsk, Russia


title: Ulysses S. Grant (Wister biography)

text:
Ulysses S. Grant is a 1900 book by Owen Wister. It is a biography of Ulysses S. Grant. It was written for the Beacon Biographies Series published by Small, Maynard & Company. Wister took on the book at the urging of his friend M. A. De Wolfe Howe.

In particular, Wister's biography points-up the remarkable contrast between Grant's life up to his thirty ninth year and the transition between a relatively uneventful and undistinguished life in a provincial town to the achievement of the status of one of the most significant military generals and politicians in history. A similar contrast is then explored between the scandals that engulfed Grant's Presidency on the one hand and the rise and resurgence of his reputation on a posthumous basis. Another theme is the accidental nature of Grant's career-path and decision-making and the way in which his life was almost devoid of planning, a key element in the relationship between Grant's personality on the one hand and his achievements in public life on the other.

Wister closely follows the primary source Personal Memoirs written by Grant and published by Mark Twain's publishing house.

See also
 Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant

References

External links
 Ulysses S. Grant at Open Library

1900 non-fiction books
Biographies about politicians
Books about Ulysses S. Grant


title: The Girl from Fano

text:
The Girl from Fano () is a 1941 German drama film directed by Hans Schweikart and starring Brigitte Horney, Joachim Gottschalk and Gustav Knuth. The film is based on a novel by Günther Weisenborn and is set amongst the fishing community of the Danish island of Fanø.

Cast
 Brigitte Horney as Patricia
 Joachim Gottschalk as Fischer Ipke
 Gustav Knuth as Fischer Frerk
 Viktoria von Ballasko as Ipkes Frau Angens
 Gerhard Bienert as Hinnerk
 Paul Bildt as Kapellmeister Breitling
 Helmut Brasch as Klaus
 Karl Dannemann as Bootsmann
 Walter Hillbring as Bootsverleiher
 Luise Hohorst as Krankenschwester
 Fritz Hoopts as Leuchtturmwärter Jens
 Hans Kraft as Reisender
 Wilhelm P. Krüger as Dusenschön
 Justus Paris as Dr. Sperling
 Joachim Pfaff as Kind
 Fritz Reiff as Patentanwalt
 Heddo Schulenburg as Schiffsjunge
 Charlotte Schultz as Berthe
 Isa Vermehren as Volig
 Franz Weber as Friseur
 Paul Wegener as Ulerk Ohm
 Helmut Weiss as Eleganter Herr

References

Bibliography
 Hake, Sabine. Popular Cinema of the Third Reich. University of Texas Press, 2001.

External links

1941 films
1941 drama films
German drama films
Films of Nazi Germany
1940s German-language films
Films directed by Hans Schweikart
Films based on German novels
Films set in Denmark
Films set on islands
Films about fishing
Bavaria Film films
German black-and-white films
1940s German films


title: Divine Lady of Song

text:
The Divine Lady of Song is a jazz album by the vocalist Sarah Vaughan. It was released on July 1, 2004.

Track listing
 "Just One of Those Things" – 1:47
 "Corner To Corner" – 3:09
 "I Cried For You" – 2:16
 "Tenderly" – 2:28
 "Perdido" – 2:39
 "Misty" – 3:34
 "Lover Come Back To Me" – 2:50
 "You're Mine, You" – 3:10
 "But Not for Me" – 2:01
 "On Green Dolphin Street" – 3:03
 "Careless" – 2:20
 "What Is This Thing Called Love" – 2:10
 "Gone With The Wind" – 3:30
 "All Of Me" – 2:30
 "Don't Blame Me" – 3:05
 "Just One of Those Things" – 2:10
 "While You Are Gone" (Lucky Thompson) – 2:49
 "Mean to Me" – 2:01
 "The More I See You" – 3:17
 "Sometimes I'm Happy" – 6:52

Personnel

Artists
Sarah Vaughan — vocalist
Dizzy Gillespie — guest artist, trumpet
Ray Bloch — guest artist

References

2004 albums
Sarah Vaughan albums


title: Dmitry Lisov

text:
Dmitry Lisov (born 23 October 1990) is a Russian sledge hockey player who won a silver medal at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia. Prior to it he participated at the 2013 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships where his team got a bronze medal.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Russian sledge hockey players
Paralympic sledge hockey players for Russia
Paralympic silver medalists for Russia
Ice sledge hockey players at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in sledge hockey
21st-century Russian people


title: God Speed (painting)

text:
God Speed is a painting by British artist Edmund Leighton, depicting an armored knight departing to war and leaving his beloved. The painting was exhibited in the Royal Academy of Arts in 1900. God Speed was the first of several paintings by Leighton in the 1900s on the subject of chivalry, including The Accolade (1901) and The Dedication (1908).

Composition
A woman ties a red sash around a knight's arm bidding farewell before battle.

When the painting was ready for transportation to the Royal Academy, Leighton made a last-moment change in the studio. He scraped out the work of a week and within two hours made his desired change.

Provenance
After being bought from Leighton, the painting was owned by several people and in 1988 appeared at Christie's. It was then housed in an American private collection and in 2000 was again submitted to Christie's. In 2007 the painting appeared at Sotheby's and then in a British private collection. On 10 May 2012 God Speed was sold again for £481,250 to a private collector through Sotheby's in London.

References

1900 paintings
History paintings
Paintings by Edmund Leighton
Women in art
War paintings
Horses in art


title: Rudolf Šmejkal

text:
Rudolf Šmejkal (14 January 1915 – 8 November 1972) was a footballer who played international football for both Bohemia and Moravia and Czechoslovakia.

References

External links

1915 births
1972 deaths
Czechoslovak men's footballers
Czechoslovakia men's international footballers
Dual men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders


title: Randy Humphrey Racing

text:
Randy Humphrey Racing was an auto racing team that competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. They fielded the No. 77 Ford Fusion for drivers Dave Blaney, Nelson Piquet Jr., Joe Nemechek, and Corey LaJoie.

History

Owner Randy Humphrey was originally partnered with Phil Parsons, operating MSRP Motorsports in the Nationwide Series and HP Racing/Prism Motorsports in the Sprint Cup Series. Humphrey left the team in 2012, and partnered with TriStar/PME Engines owner Mark Smith to field a 19 and 91 car as Humphrey-Smith Racing, mostly as start and parks. The TriStar Cup team shut down before the Chase for the Cup in 2013.

2014
In January 2014, it was announced that Humphrey was forming his own team with veteran driver Dave Blaney and veteran crew chief Peter Sospenzo. The team purchased Fords from Germain Racing, which was switching to Chevrolet. The team ran car number 77, which Blaney had run with Jasper Motorsports, and acquired the 2013 owner points from the Humphrey Smith No. 19, although it was ranked too deeply to grant them a provisional in the first three races of 2014. The team's first race was to be the 2014 Daytona 500, but was involved in a multi-car crash in practice, totaling their only car and forcing them to withdraw from the race. The team entered in all of the first 15 races of the season with Blaney, only making four, and had a best finish of 33rd at Dover, 17 laps down. On June 25, prior to the race at Kentucky Speedway, team owner Randy Humphrey announced that the team would be "retooling" their program, citing a lack of performance and "people issues." The hiatus was initially announced as four weeks, planning to return at Indianapolis in June, though they would skip an additional race at Pocono.

Upon the team's return to competition at Watkins Glen International in August, Nationwide and Camping World Trucks winner Nelson Piquet Jr. was placed in the car with sponsorship from WORKS Yard Tools.  Three weeks later, Joe Nemechek would qualify on speed at Atlanta.  At Loudon in September, Richard Petty Motorsports development driver Corey LaJoie made his Sprint Cup debut, starting and finishing 41st, 102 laps down. LaJoie would make another start at Charlotte, in the Bank of America 500. The team shut down at the end of the season.

Car No. 77 results

References

Auto racing teams in the United States
Companies based in North Carolina
NASCAR
Defunct NASCAR teams
Auto racing teams established in 2014
Auto racing teams disestablished in 2014


title: Consolidated Building

text:
The Consolidated Building, or ‘Johnnies’ as it became affectionately known, is an office building situated in the Marshalltown district of Johannesburg, on stands 149, 150 and 152 at 84/86 Fox Street and 29/31 Harrison Street. In 1895, before the Consolidated Building was built, these stands were home to the Jewish Social Club and in 1897, Johannesburg Waterworks had its offices there.

The Consolidated Building was originally owned by Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Corporation Ltd. The Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Corporation was started as a family business by Barnett (Barney) Isaacs and his older brother Harry who later changed their surname to Barnato. Barney Barnato subsequently became a household name in South Africa and in international financial circles. The Corporation was responsible for the investments of many mining firms and collieries in South Africa.

Design
The Consolidated Building was designed by architect Theo H. Smith of London, with supervision by Aburrow and Treeby architects of Johannesburg. It was built in 1904 and opened in 1906. This eight storey steel-framed building addresses the street corner of Fox Street and Harrison street with an attractive rounded corner entrance. It was originally built as six storeys, the original extent indicated by the cornice with dentil detailing, and two additional storeys were built on top in 1935 (architect unknown). It was this alteration that meant the original small dome to the corner tower was lost. The additional stories are clearly distinguished from the original building due to the set back from the facade and also the paler material used to render the elevations.

The facades of the Consolidated Building are of brick with plaster embellishment and a polished grey granite plinth. The linear vertical elements express the internal steel structure. The purest example of the American office block style and probably the earliest example in South Africa. The building references the ‘Chicago Style of America’. The Consolidated Building’s facade articulation was distinctly similar to that of Adler & Sullivan’s Auditorium Building (1887-9) in Chicago. It also showed similarities with the horizontally directed treatment of windows and rounded corners with narrow windows used by Sullivan in his Carson, Pirie & Scott building (1899-1904) in Chicago. Engineers Millikin Bros of New York were the contractors for the building, reinforcing the connection with the American style.

At 5832m2, this building offers prime office space in the Johannesburg CBD. Some of the internal walls were removed during refurbishment in 2008 to create modern open plan office spaces and air conditioning was also installed.

Heritage Status
The Consolidated Building is now owned by Dreamworld Investments 374 and was listed by the Institute of South African Architects Grade A-. It is recognised as a heritage asset for the following reasons:
 The Consolidated Building is a fine example of the American office style
 The Consolidated Building is an attractive landmark building in a corner position in the heart of Johannesburg CBD
 The Consolidated Building has cultural significance due to its association with the significant financial organisation of Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Corporation Ltd
 The Consolidated Building has social significance due to its association with Barney Barnato
 The Consolidated Building has landmark significance due to locals giving it an affectionate name ‘Johnnies’, indicating its popularity and importance in the City

References

Bank buildings in South Africa
Buildings and structures in Johannesburg
Heritage Buildings in Johannesburg


title: Vinícius Reche

text:
Vinícius da Cunha Reche (born 28 January 1984), simply known as Vinícius Reche is a Brazilian professional footballer playing for Al Taawon in Saudi Professional League as a midfielder.

Club career
A product of the Palmeiras youth academy, he played for the senior team twice between 2004 and 2007. After being released by the club, he joined Vasco da Gama where he made 5 appearances. He then had a short stint with Ituano. He then entered French football with Angers. After returning to Brazil, he joined Portuguese club Estoril Praia. Reche embraced Asian football with Saudi Arabian club Al Nassr in 2011. He won the best player of the month in December 2013.

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian men's footballers
Footballers from São Paulo
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Grêmio Barueri Futebol players
Ituano FC players
Angers SCO players
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Al Nassr FC players
Al Wehda FC players
Al Taawoun FC players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Ligue 2 players
Primeira Liga players
K League 1 players
Saudi Pro League players


title: Dade Correctional Institution

text:
The Dade Correctional Institution (Dade CI or DCI) is a prison in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, near Florida City, and south of Homestead, in Greater Miami. It houses adult males. It opened in September 1996. It is a part of the Florida Department of Corrections, and is right next to the Homestead Correctional Institution which houses female inmates.

It is about  south of the Miami central business district.

History

In 2003 Jerry Cummings, who had started working for the Florida prison system in 1974 and retired in 2000, rejoined FDOC and became the warden of Dade Correctional.

In 2005, three prisoners escaped for an hour and a half, but were captured and sent back to prison.

Controversies
In May 2014, Julie K. Brown of The Miami Herald wrote the first in a series of stories about violence and corruption at Dade CI and other prisons. She wrote that there had been constant accusations of poor treatment of mentally ill prisoners, poor conditions in the food preparation area, and other concerns.

In 2014 former Dade CI prisoner Harold Hempstead accused prison authorities of fatally torturing prisoner Darren Rainey by scalding him with 180 °F (82 °C) water in a shower for hours, resulting in his body being found with strips of skin burned off. At least eight other prisoners had also been subjected to a scalding shower within Dade's "Transitional Care Unit".

In July 2014 Mike Crews, the FDOC secretary, suspended the warden of the Dade Correctional institution and put him on paid leave. Later that month Cummings was fired. Les Odom became the new warden.

On Monday July 28, 2014 prison authorities discovered 35-year-old prisoner Lavar Valentin dead from strangulation. Valentin had expressed fear of his cellmate and authorities accused the cellmate of killing him.

Another escape occurred in November 2014. West Palm Beach police apprehended the escaped prisoner. This prisoner had a life sentence. Cummings said that he was not surprised by the fact that a prisoner had escaped, saying that he found guards derelict in duty in a surprise inspection. According to Cummings, "[Dade] is, by far, the most dangerous prison I’ve ever worked in."

On April 29, 2022, four correctional officers were arrested for the February beating death of Ronald Ingram during a prisoner transfer.  After a lengthy investigation, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement arrested Ronald Connor, Jeremy Godbolt, Christopher Rolon and Kirk Walton.  Ingram allegedly threw urine on a correctional officer and was beaten so severely he was carried to the transport van.  Ingram was found dead hours later in Ocala, Florida.

References

External links
 "Dade Correctional Institution." Florida Department of Corrections.
 "A Conceptual Land Use Plan for Dade Correctional Institution and Homestead Correctional Institution Dade County, Florida 2009-2019" (Archive). Florida Department of Corrections Land Management Section, Bureau of Procurement and Supply.

Prisons in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami-Dade County, Florida
1996 establishments in Florida


title: John Mowlem (rugby union)

text:
John Mowlem (9 August 1870 – 12 October 1951) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A forward, Mowlem thirteen times represented Manawatu at a provincial level, and after transfer to Greytown he played four matches for Wairarapa. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on the 1893 tour to Australia. He played four matches for the All Blacks, but did not play in an international.

References

1870 births
1951 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Manawatu rugby union players
Wairarapa rugby union players
Rugby union players from Lower Hutt
Rugby union forwards


title: Paxata

text:
Paxata is a privately owned software company headquartered in Redwood City, California. It develops self-service data preparation software that gets data ready for data analytics software. Paxata's software is intended for business analysts, as opposed to technical staff. It is used to combine data from different sources, then check it for data quality issues, such as duplicates and outliers. Algorithms and machine learning automate certain aspects of data preparation and users work with the software through a user-interface similar to Excel spreadsheets.

The company was founded in January 2012 and operated in stealth mode until October 2013. It received more than $10 million in venture funding before being acquired by DataRobot.

History

Paxata was founded in January 2012. It initially raised $2 million in venture capital. The company came out of stealth mode in October 2013. Simultaneously with its public release, Paxata announced an $8 million funding round led by Accel Partners. Adoption of the software grew quickly. In March 2014, In-Q-Tel acquired an interest in the startup.
It raised an additional $18 million in funding in September 2015. It also began working with Cisco to jointly develop the Cisco Data Preparation suite of software and services.

Software

Paxata refers to its suite of cloud-based data quality, integration, enrichment and governance products as "Adaptive Data Preparation." The software is intended for business analysts, who need to combine data from a variety of sources, then check the data for duplicates, empty fields, outliers, trends and integrity issues before conducting analysis or visualization in a third-party software tool. It uses algorithms and machine-learning to automate certain aspects of data preparation. For example, it may automatically detect records belonging to the same person or address, even if the information is formatted differently in each record in different data sets.

The software has a spreadsheet-based user interface. Patterns and anomalies in the data are color-coded in the spreadsheet. Then users are provided with instructions on how to resolve data quality issues or to supplement the data with contextual information. Data sets and related quality issues can also be addressed in a collaborative environment through the "Paxata Share" feature. It runs on Apache Spark.

According to analyst firm Ovum, the software is made possible through advances in predictive analytics, machine learning and the NoSQL data caching methodology. The software uses semantic algorithms to understand the meaning of a data table's columns and pattern recognition algorithms to find potential duplicates in a data-set. It also uses indexing, text pattern recognition and other technologies traditionally found in social media and search software.
One of the software's users is dairy producer Danone, which uses the software so that business staff can create their own reports on merchandising, supply chain and product data, without the IT department.

Reception

In its 2014 report "Cool Vendors in Data Integration and Data Quality", Gartner praised Paxata for developing a "business-user-friendly" data quality product that does not use code. Ventana Research said its spreadsheet-based user interface "should resonate well with business analysts," who are resistant to move away from familiar Excel-like programs. Gartner also said Paxata was recognized in the report due to its automated, algorithm-based features and how it tracks any changes made to the data.

Ventana Research said Paxata was in a "noisy marketplace". According to Gartner, while Paxata is an early entrant into the market, many startups and large corporations are making investments in developing similar competing products. According to Gigaom and IT Business Edge, one way Paxata differs is that it automatically merges multiple data-sets into a single table, so it can be easily imported into a visualization or analysis tool.

Gartner said Paxata will have a difficult time finding a compelling pricing model, when many data discovery tools that it supplements provide some similar features. In contrast, Ventana said Paxata's pricing was "a pretty small amount" compared to the amount of time users can save.

References

External links

Companies based in Redwood City, California
Software companies based in California
American companies established in 2012
Privately held companies based in California
Defunct software companies of the United States
2012 establishments in California
2012 establishments in the United States
Software companies established in 2012
Companies established in 2012


title: Giangos Simantiris

text:
Giangos Simantiris, also known as Yango Simantiri, (5 February 1940 – 9 March 2007) was a footballer who played international football for both Israel and Greece. He played as a defender for Hapoel Haifa and Olympiacos.

References

1940 births
2007 deaths
Israeli men's footballers
Israel men's international footballers
Greek men's footballers
Greek expatriate men's footballers
Greece men's international footballers
Dual men's international footballers
Hapoel Haifa F.C. players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Haifa


title: Upper Reka

text:
Upper Reka (; ) is a geographic area and ethnographic subregion of the broader Reka region of western North Macedonia, including settlements within the upper left portion of the Municipality of Mavrovo and Rostuša and of Gostivar Municipality. The region historically is home to both a Muslim Albanian community and Christian Orthodox Albanian speaking population. In the modern period, Orthodox Upper Rekans self identify as Macedonians, and due to their migration from Upper Reka, the remaining population by 2010s are Muslim Albanian Upper Rekans. Upper Reka is a mountainous and rugged region with animal grazing and highland pastures. In contemporary times, the largest inhabited settlement is the village of Vrbjani. Upper Reka is an isolated and underdeveloped region with limited communication links, whereby access and travel becomes difficult during the snowy winter months.

Historically Upper Reka inhabitants mainly engaged with agricultural and farming activities of which some of the remaining population continues to do. The region has experienced much depopulation over time due to seasonal or permanent migration to nearby regions and abroad in search of employment and better living standards. In the 14th century Upper Reka was part of the Lordship of Prilep, of the Mrnjavčević family, until 1395, when its territory was subjugated to Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire under which it remained until the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. Thereafter it became part of Kingdom of Serbia, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and eventually part of North Macedonia.

Geography and Environment

Location

The broader Reka region is divided into Mala (small), Dolna (lower) and Golema (large) or Gorna (Upper) sub-regions (ethnographic/geographic regions). Upper Reka alongside the wider Reka region was also considered (and from an Albanian point of view still considered) to belong to the larger region of Dibra that encompasses multiple sub-regions centered around the town of Debar on both sides of the Albanian-Macedonian border.

The region of Upper Reka is bordered by Kosovo to the north and by Albania in the west. It is a mountainous area with highland alpine pastures, situated at the northern end of the Radika river basin that continues on into Lower Reka all the way to the southern Boškov Bridge, near the area of Small Reka. Upper Reka's northern and northeastern territorial borders consist of the Vraca Mountains which are part of the wider Šar Mountains that extend nearby as the Ničpur Mountains with Lera peak at 2194 m. The northwest and western borders of Upper Reka go along the Korab Mountains with Golem Korab peak at 2753 m. A narrow pass at 1920 m above sea level, between the Korab and Šar Mountains exists that allows for communication and interaction with the ethnographic/geographic Gora region. Through this opening, located between the three point border mountain peak of Ksulje e Priftit at 2092 m and the Vraca Mountains is the most suitable communication link (consisting of an automobile road, pedestrian and mule paths) between the former village of Štirovica at the extreme northern end of Upper Reka and Restelica village at the southern edge of the Gora region in Kosovo.

The southern border of Upper Reka is on the right side within the valley of the river Radika. It is between the villages of Vrbjani in Upper Reka and Žirovnica in Lower Reka that are represented by geographical and communicative limitations presented by the imposing Korab Mountains. A road links both villages and is the main outlet for transitory communication between within the area that goes all the way to Debar. The eastern part of the southern border from the left side of the Radika river valley fully belongs to the Bistra Mountains with Medenica peak at 2163 m. An eastern road that intersects with the others at Volkovija village heads toward near Vrben village at Upper Reka's eastern limits. Onward that road continues toward to Mavrovi Anovi town and Mavrovo Lake and further on to Gostivar. Apart from the main Radika river, a series of tributaries that feed it are found throughout Upper Reka such as Dlaboka Reka (), Brodečka Reka (Ujë të Vaut, also Uji i Vaut), Ribnička Reka (Përroi i Rimnicës) and so on. Highland mountain alpine pastures used for livestock grazing by the local populace are found throughout the mountainous region such as Rečka Planina (Bjeshka e Reçit), Nistrovski Korab (Korabi i Nistrovës) and Ḱafa Kadis (Qafa e Kadisë). In total, the confines of the Upper Reka region covers an area of about .

Settlements

Upper Reka settlements within Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality include Tanuše (Tanushaj), Nivište (Nivisht), Ribnica (Rimnicë), Žužnje (Zhuzhnjë), Nistrovo (Nistrovë),  Ničpur (Niçpur), Volkovija (Vallkavi), Kičinica (Kiçinicë), Krakornica (Krakarnicë), Beličica (Beliçicë), Vrben (Vërben), Bogdevo (Bogdë), Sence (Sencë), Vrbjani (Vërbjan), Bibaj and Grekaj. Upper Reka settlements within Gostivar Municipality are Brodec (Va, definite form: Vau). Traditionally three other adjacent villages, Duf and Orḱuše (Orqushë) in Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality and Gorno Jelovce (Jalloc i Epërm, also Jallofcë e Epërme) all within the neighboring Upper Polog region have at times also been considered belonging to Upper Reka, due to linguistic affiliations and cultural connections. Also due to uprisings in the Upper Reka region, former settlements such as: Trnica (Tërnicë), Reč (Reç), Dubovo (Dëbovë), Štirovica (Shtirovicë), Strezimir (Shtrezmir) and Zavojsko (Zavojskë) were burned down by Serbian and Bulgarian forces between 1912–1916.

Climate, fauna and wildlife

The Upper Reka region is the only area within North Macedonia to have a cold Alpine climate. Due to the high altitude, the region is exposed to winds from various directions. From the east, the strong gusts of what Upper Reka locals refer to as era bardh, literally the white wind, the rain-bringing warm southeast wind ladas and the northwest wind heralding weather change called era poshtr or low wind. The region is exposed to thunderstorms mainly during summer, while rain, frost, hail and rainbows occur according to seasonal weather patterns. The winter season is often long and snowy and so too is the summer season, while spring and autumn seasons are short. Snow mostly appears in the region from the middle of autumn lasting until mid-spring. It recent times snow fall continues late into spring and even at times into early summer. Due to snow fall, Upper Reka becomes an isolated region as communication for most of the year with neighbouring areas is severely limited and even impassable such as that with Albania through the Korab Mountains. In past times, the population was forced during the short summer season to supply food grains, salt, beans and other food stuffs as snow made communications difficult between nearby villages and the outside world. Most of Upper Reka along with Dolna Reka is located within Mavrovo National Park. In the area of Upper Reka, parts of the region still contain virgin forests of old and unique species of Beech trees (Abies borisii-regis) especially around Dlaboka river and the northern part of the Radika river valley. Parts of Upper Reka forests were felled until the 1950s to create pastures for sheep grazing. Upper Reka is also home to the critically endangered subspecies of Eurasian lynx, the Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx balcanicus).

Demographics

Population and Identity

Upper Reka is inhabited by Muslim and Christian Albanian speaking people referred through demonyms in Macedonian as Gornorekanec  (plural: Gornorekanci) and Rekali (plural: Rekalinj/të) in Albanian. By outsiders they are referred to as Shkreti, from the Albanian word and expression shkretë/i shkret meaning the poor ones, due to their isolated mountainous homeland and difficult living circumstances. The term was used by people from Upper Polog, Mavrovo Pole, and Lower Reka, regardless of ethnicity or religion. In the modern period, the term is used by people from the Mavrovo area and Lower Reka, its use in Macedonian is as a pejorative and in all neighbouring areas the word is used as a way to identify people from Upper Reka. Upper Rekans do not use the word to describe themselves and only say it when describing the hardships of the past.

Of the Albanian speaking populations who remained Christian Orthodox, they assimilated and identify as Macedonians, while those who embraced Islam consider themselves Albanians. Due to the migration of Orthodox Christians to urban centers a few decades ago, today the majority of inhabitants are Muslim Albanians, with a minority of Orthodox Albanian speakers, who self-identify as Macedonians. The 2002 Macedonian census listed Vrbjani as the largest Muslim Albanian settlement in Upper Reka with 625 inhabitants and the main Orthodox settlement was Vrben with 142 inhabitants. In Upper Reka, households are called shpi (Standard Albanian: shtëpi) or literally house and traditionally consisted of patriarchal extended families. These families, some affluent ones, lived in large and at times fortified multi story stone dwellings called kulla or tower house while other families had smaller houses.

Economy and Seasonal/Permanent migration

Due to difficult living circumstances and at times sociopolitical disturbances, especially in the 19th century, Upper Reka has historically been a region with much outward temporary and permanent migration. Traditionally the population was mainly engaged with animal husbandry and agricultural activities which some of the small remaining population still carry out. As such during the late Ottoman era, Upper Reka males (mainly adults) would seasonally go on kurbet or economic migration. Often they would find employment as pastry makers or as halva, salep and boza merchants and salesmen in the then Ottoman capital Istanbul or regional cities like Skopje and Edirne. In Romania and Bulgaria, some Upper Reka people were also employed in the housing construction industry as stonemasons or builders and likewise when the need arose in cities such as Shkodër or their local area too.

Permanent migratory flows during the late Ottoman era were mainly to neighbouring villages and regions where today these populations often form few households within a settlement amongst their wider Albanian population. In the region of Upper Pollog, Upper Reka people relocated to the following villages: Čegrane, Forino, Korito, Balin Dol, Malo Turčane, Dolna Banjica, Sretkovo, Novo Selo, Rečane, Vrutok, Pečkovo, Zdunje, Vrapčište, Kalište and Gradec. In Lower Polog: Gorno Sedlarce, Rakovec, Žerovjane, Radiovce, Tenovo, Lukovica, Sedlarevo and Gurgurnica. In villages within the vicinity of Skopje city: Crn Vrv, Krušopek, Sveta Petka and Patiška Reka, while near Veles at: Gorno Jabolčište, Sogle, Klukovec and Buzalkovo. In some villages, the Upper Reka population migrated there as Christians like in Lukovica and only converted thereafter to Islam. While in Patiška Reka, they remained Orthodox and Albanian speaking until World War Two, before relocating to Skopje thereafter. While the population in these new villages outsides still identifies as Albanian, the Orthodox part of the settlers from Reka after their relocation in nearby villages and towns where Slavic was the language of the majority gradually were assimilated ("Macedonicized").

Some Upper Reka residents from Vrbjani have in recent decades migrated to the neighbouring Muslim Macedonian village of Žirovnica with municipal services in Lower Reka and number some 258 people. While Orthodox Christians migrated from the 1950s onwards to the then Yugoslav capital Belgrade, other cities like Skopje and to nearby Gostivar town where they form the main population of Durtlok neighbourhood. Due to the 2001 insurgency in northern Macedonia, the village of Tanuše was affected by the conflict which made some residents migrate thereafter to other places. Young Upper Reka people in recent times have also emigrated to Western countries, while some older  inhabitants return to their homes in Upper Reka during the summer period.

Language and Culture

Upper Reka Albanian dialect

The Albanian Upper Reka sub-dialect belongs to the larger Gheg dialect spoken by Northern Albanians. In the 2000s, among the Orthodox population residing in Upper Reka, in terms of daily speech were mainly fluent in Albanian between themselves and even the young, while having knowledge of Macedonian. In the modern period (2010s), Muslim Albanians residing in Upper Reka are to varying degrees bilingual in Macedonian.

Observances, Customs and other folk culture

In Upper Reka, a number of secular and religious holidays are celebrated. Secular celebrations are Diten e Vers (first Day of Spring) celebrated March 1. The main Orthodox Christian celebrations are Shnkrysh (Feast of the Cross) and Blagavesht (the Annunciation). Other important celebrations are the feast days of saints such as Shingjergj (St. George), Shumtanas (St. Athanasius), Shmitr (St. Demetrius), Shën Eremia (St. Jeremiah), Shën Mëria (St.Mary) and St. Barbara. Muslim celebrations are Sultan Nevrus (Nowruz), Ramadan and the two Bajrams (Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha). The traditional clothing of Upper Reka, though sharing similarities with clothing of surrounding areas, is known for its distinctive regional style and use of multiple colours, as well as complex floral and other patterns.

History

Origins
Various positions exist about the origins of the Upper Reka population within Balkan related scholarship. One of the earliest authors to write about the matter was Serbian journalist Spiridon Gopčević. In his now discredited work regarding the Balkans, Gopčević claimed that Upper Reka inhabitants were “Albanianized Slavs”. In the late 1890s Štilijan Čaparoski and folklorist Panajot Ginoski, both from Galičnik, Dolna Reka, maintained that Upper Reka inhabitants spoke a corrupted form of Albanian that was understood only by the locals, and contained a mixture of Slavic and Albanians words.

Due to some patronymic names of families, Serbian philologist Dušan Nedeljković contended a Vlach origin for some Upper Reka families in the villages Brodec and Reč, alongside Slavic origins that were Albanianized. Historian Nick Atanasovski, who did fieldwork in Lower Reka contends that the sub-regions of Small, Lower and Upper Reka were subjected to Islamisation, though not colonisation. While anthropologist Mirjana Mirčevska who did field work in Upper Reka during the 2000s, stated that both the Muslim and Orthodox population was mainly of Macedonian Slavic origin, with possible Albanian elements in their ethnogenesis. Mirčevska recorded local Upper Reka traditions in Bogdevo, Krakornica and Ničpur that attribute the founding of those villages to three brothers: Boge, Krako and Niko who originated from the Kolašin region located in contemporary Montenegro.

Galaba Palikruševa, examining medieval Ottoman tax registers or defters of the region in the 1970s regarding personal names, stated that there was a prominent non-Slavic element in Upper Reka of Albanian and/or Vlach origin. As such, Palikruševa contended that certain scholarship which stated that the contemporary Upper Reka population was Slavs who adopted the Albanian language to preserve their Christian faith is an untenable position. Historian Dimitar Bechev regards the Christian populace of Upper Reka as Orthodox Albanian speakers, whereas historian Noel Malcolm considers them to be Orthodox Albanians. Albanian philologist Edibe Selimi-Osmani who did fieldwork in Upper Reka during the 1990s and 2000s regarded the population as being of Albanian origin.

Linguist Qemal Murati, referring to both the Muslim and Orthodox population as Albanians argued that scholars who suggested the Upper Reka population are Albanianized Slavs have done so due to nationalist reasons so as to deny the historical Albanian element in the region. Murati also states that certain Upper Reka Albanian vocabulary regarding kinship attributed to a Vlach origin does not suffice. This is due to those Albanian words being direct borrowings from Latin that had not undergone an intermediate stage in Aromanian before entering the Albanian language. In the early 2010s, scholar Andrea Pieroni and a team of researchers from various national backgrounds did fieldwork and a comparative study of past and present Upper Reka botanical terminology. In their findings they concluded that the Upper Reka population was one that “had been heavily influenced by the Slavic culture - and not vice versa, as Spiridon Gopčević stated.” The research team attributed that acculturation process to the imposition of the border in 1912 limiting contact with Albania and extensive interactions with surrounding multiethnic regions where trade was undertaken. In addition Slavic languages and culture played a role in that process due to they being the national and dominating ones of the state. The team also identified that there was some Aromanian botanical terminology present in the Upper Reka dialect.

Medieval Ottoman period

During the 14th century Upper Reka was part of the Lordship of Prilep, of the Mrnjavčević family, until 1395, when its territory was subjugated to Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire. In 1467 Ottoman defters list the region of Reka as a vilayet and in Upper Reka there were 15 inhabited villages and 3 uninhabited ones. The following villages recorded for the first time were: Štirovica, Ribnica, Vrben, Ničpur, Nistrovo, Volkovija, Žužnje, Brodec, Krakornica, Strezimir, and Ribničica (a former village), with Vrbjani being the largest settlement. Beličica, Kičinica and Leskovo (a former village) were listed as uninhabited. The villages of Nivišta, Bibaj, Grekaj, Reč and Tanuše where not registered as existing at that time. In light of the anthroponymic evidence provided by the archival material, Palikruševa comments that the attested non-Slavic personal names are generally ambiguous and do not necessarily indicate either an Albanian or Vlach origin of the bearer, although undoubtedly attest to an Albanian-speaking element in the region. On the other hand, Murati notes that the vast majority of the recorded non-Slavic anthroponyms (e.g., Gjin, Gjergj, Gjon, Tanush, Progon, Meksha, Bardh, Kola) were Albanian in character. In 1519, a few Muslim households are counted within Ottoman defters in villages like Vrbjani, Sence, Ribničica and Kučuk or Small Ribnica. A few Muslim households began to appear in the villages of: Krakornica, Strezimir, Štirovica and Žužnje.

Middle to Late Ottoman period

Intensive conversion to Islam occurred in Upper Reka from the late 18th century, and continued until the mid 19th century. The village of Štirovica was the last settlement where its 30 remaining Christian households converted to Islam in 1855. Various Muslim and Orthodox Upper Reka inhabitants still retain memories of family ties and distant common ancestors. A small Catholic population was also present that stemmed from some Catholic Albanians who migrated to Upper Reka from nearby areas located in contemporary Albania and later became assimilated.

Due to Upper Reka's isolation and difficult living conditions, some inhabitants turned to banditry during the 18th and 19th century while others migrated to cities and regions for work. In the late Ottoman period the wider Reka area formed a nahiye or district with its centre in Žirovnica village that had administrative officials and a small army garrison. Orthodox Christian villages of Upper Reka in the late Ottoman period either had a Bulgarian or Serbian village priest. Due to the Macedonian struggle, these priests were sometimes replaced with one or the other depending on the fluid church allegiances of a settlement's Orthodox inhabitants. Certain Orthodox individuals from Upper Reka during this time like Josif Bageri made significant contributions to the Albanian national awakening.

Serbian researcher M.V. Veselinović wrote in 1890 that in Upper Reka there were 15 villages that spoke Arbanaški, but were of Serbian Orthodox faith. According to him, they "listened to the liturgy in Serbian and celebrated the same religious holidays as the Slavs, ... but although they had the same religion as the Serbs, their language brought them closer to the Albanians". In the 19th century, due to the lack of Albanian language schools and books, but also as a result of foreign propaganda, the Albanians of Upper Reka were to prone to being assimilated. In the late 1890s Štilijan Čaparoski and folklorist Panajot Ginoski, both from Galičnik, Dolna Reka, maintained that Upper Reka inhabitants spoke a corrupted form of Albanian that was understood only by the locals, and contained a mixture of Slavic and Albanians words.
Ethnographer Vasil Kanchov conducted a demographic study of the area in 1900. He writes that the Kaza of Reka had a total of 23 Albanian villages, with 6,959 inhabitants, 3,221 Orthodox and 3,738 Muslim. Kanchov considered the loss of national identity to be a consequence of the lack of schools in the Albanian language. At that time, the Albanians of Reka accepted the authority of the Bulgarian church and studied in Bulgarian schools, while the Muslims studied in Turkish schools. According to an article published in the newspaper "Shkupi" , in 1911, the Orthodox Albanians of Reka informed the Patriarchate of Constantinople that they would not allow the teaching of foreign languages in their villages, nor would they accept priests who did not know the Albanian language. The inhabitants demanded that in church and school only Albanian would be taught, otherwise they would enter under the shadow of the Pope.

Yugoslav period

Ottoman rule lasted until the First Balkan War (1912–13) with the arrival of the Serbian army that annexed the region into Serbia. In 1913, Muslim Albanians of the region, led by imam Malik Mema, rose up against Serbian forces and managed to free the region and also some villages of the Gostivar area. During World War I, local resistance continued as the region passed to Bulgaria. As such Serbian and Bulgarian forces during 1912-1916 burned down the villages of Trnica, Reč, Dubovo, Štirovica and Strezimir. A number of Serbian authors of this period spoke against an Albanian ethnic identity of the Orthodox populations of Upper Reka. Serbian historian Rista Nikolić (1877-1917), through the pamphlet "Širenje arnauta u srpske zemlje", calls the Albanians of Reka Serbs, due to the fact they were of the Orthodox faith.

Bulgarian authors have also written about the Orthodox Albanians of Upper Reka. Jordan Ivanov, professor at the University of Sofia, wrote in 1915 that Albanians, since they did not have their own alphabet, due to a lack of consolidated national consciousness and influenced by foreign propaganda, declared themselves as Turks, Greeks and Bulgarians, depending on which religion they belonged to. The Orthodox Albanians of Gostivar were Bulgarianized by due to them being near the Bulgarian population. According to the researcher Stefan Mladenov, in the district of Galičnik it was difficult to accurately count the Albanians, especially in Upper Reka, because there were Christian villages that spoke Albanian and Bulgarian, such as: Beličica, Duf, Sence and Kičinica.  According to him, the Muslim Albanians in this area still kept their Christian traditions and lived as brothers with the Christian Albanians of Upper Reka. The researcher Dimitar Gađanov wrote in 1916 the Orthodox Albanians in the Galičnik district were, according to him, "there since the Byzantine period".

The newspaper "Vreme" published on May 20, 1927 the report "Through Southern Serbia : Under Sharr and under Korab". The journalist writing about the region, sees "Serbs who only speak Albanian".

"We are in the district of Galičnik, in the pure Serbian villages: Duf, Gorno Jelovce, Vrben, Kičinica, Beličica, Brodec, where even under Turkey they kept their Serbian names and Orthodoxy, but the residents there do not know a single word of Serbian. They all they speak only Albanian and call themselves Serbs. Their names and surnames are pure Serbian, their dress is like that from our Mavrovo, they celebrate the holidays, but they do not know any language other than Albanian. Now that the schools are open, the children can for the first time learn Serbian and teach in their mother tongue even their parents, who have forgotten it over the centuries"."

The region later became part of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1941 after Yugoslavia's occupation by Axis powers, Upper Reka was attached to Albania by Fascist Italy. Communist partisan resistance emerged from villages like Beličica that fought against Albanian fascist Balli Kombëtar forces which supported Upper Reka's inclusion into Albania. On 19 September 1944, after 19 Partisans were captured, they along with 17 Beličica villagers were massacred by Ballist forces headed by Aqif Reçani near the area of the former village of Trnica. After World War II, Upper Reka became part of Communist Yugoslavia. The region remained isolated and undeveloped which resulted in migrations to distant urban centres like Belgrade, Skopje and Gostivar, and to Western countries.

Modern North Macedonia

Upper Reka became part of the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia), when the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, a republic within Yugoslavia, gained independence following a referendum in 1991. During the 2001 Albanian insurgency some Macedonian military police, stationed in the village of Tanuše, damaged the village mosque to prevent its possible use by NLA guerrillas.  In the 2000s, among the wider Macedonian population, there was little awareness of the existence of an Orthodox Christian population which used Albanian as a language of everyday communication.
In the 2010s, Upper Reka came to national attention when a few prominent Upper Reka Orthodox Christian individuals like Branko Manoilovski declared an Albanian identity or Branislav Sinadinovski who called for an Albanian Orthodox Church to be present within the region. These moves have been overwhelmingly opposed and denounced by most Orthodox Upper Reka people who see them as the outcome of politics and propaganda. Orthodox Upper Rekans view their identity as Macedonian, consider Macedonian their mother tongue and religious tradition as historically Slavonic. Orthodox Upper Rekans acknowledge Albanian was a spoken language, but according to them they did so in past times as a way to protect their community from the actions of armed bands in the region.

In the mid 2010s, there was some cultural revival within Upper Reka such as the festival Takimet e Rekës së Epërme (Upper Reka gathering), first held during August 2014 in Ribnica and the creation of a cultural association named Josif Bageri by some prominent Muslim and Christian Upper Reka individuals aiming at socio-cultural, historical and linguistic preservation of Upper Reka heritage. Historical village relations and bonds between Muslim and Orthodox Upper Rekans had lapsed and become nonexistent by the 2010s.

Gallery

Notable people
Josif Bageri - Albanian national awakening activist
Bajazid Doda - author and photographer
Paskal Sotirovski - astrophysicist, specialist in Solar Physics
Branko Manoilovski - politician in North Macedonia
Ismail Strazimiri -  revolutionary, military and educational activist.

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading
Doda, Bajazid Elmaz (2007). Albanisches Bauerleben im oberen Rekatal bei Dibra (Makedonien) [Albanian Peasant Life in the Upper Reka Valley near Dibra (Macedonia)]. Lit-Verlag.
Elsie, Robert (2000). "The Christian Saints of Albania". Balkanistica. 13
Islami, Abaz (2011). "Aspekte Demografike të Rekës nga shekulli XV - 2002 [Demographic Aspects of Reka from the 15th century -2002]". Studime Albanologjike. 3
Murati, Qemal (2011). "Gjuha e humbur: Vëzhgime historike, linguistike, onomastike dhe folklorike rreth shqiptarëve ortodoksë në etnoregjionin e Rekës së Epërme të Mavrovës [Lost Language: Historical, Linguistic, Onomastic and Folkloric observations about the Orthodox Albanians in ethno-region of Upper Reka in Mavrovo]". Studime Albanologjike. 3
Pajaziti, Ali, et al. (2014). Shqiptarët e Rekës së Epërm përballë sfidave të kohës [Albanians of Upper Reka facing the challenges of time]. South East European University. Gostivar-Skopje.

Mirčevska, Mirjana P. (2003, 2007). Verbalni i neverbalni etnički simboli vo Gorna Reka [Verbal and non-verbal ethnic symbols in Upper Reka]. Institut za Etnologija i Antropologija. Skopje.
Osmani, Edibe Selimi (1997). Rite e besime popullore në viset e Tetovës dhe të Gostivarit [Rites and popular beliefs in the areas of Tetovo and Gostivar]. Asdreni. Skopje.
Osmani, Edibe Selimi (2012). Veshja autoktone e femrave të Rekës së Epërme [Authentic clothing of women from Reka e Epërme]. Arbëria design. Skopje.
Osmani, Edibe Selimi (2015). Veshja autoktone e meshkujve të Rekës së Epërme [Authentic clothing of men from Reka e Epërme]. Arbëria design. Skopje.

Geography of North Macedonia
Albanian communities
Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality
Gostivar Municipality
Albanian ethnographic regions


title: Immortal Waltz

text:
Immortal Waltz () is a 1939 historical drama film directed by E. W. Emo and starring Paul Hörbiger, Dagny Servaes, and Maria Andergast.

It was shot at the Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna. The film's art direction was by Julius von Borsody. The film portrays the lives the Austrian composer Johann Strauss I and family. The film was made by Wien-Film, a Vienna-based company set up after Austria had been incorporated into Greater Germany following the 1938 Anschluss.

Plot
Johann Strauss I firmly established himself as the leader of a dance band in Vienna in the 1840s. His sons Johann Strauss II and Josef obviously inherited their father's talent. Nevertheless, father Johann is strictly opposed to the two being trained as composers by concertmaster Amon, a good friend of his. Johann II and Josef attend the Vienna Polytechnic under paternal pressure, but Johann junior soon abandons his studies, which makes Johann angry at his son. Johann Strauss junior then goes his own way and breaks off contact with his family. Few years later, Johann Strauss' son has finally made it and is celebrated by the public as the new king of waltz. Father Johann, who is satisfied with his son's accomplishment, decides not to speak to his highly talented son in person. But soon after it, at the age of 44, Johann falls seriously ill with scarlet fever and dies, without speaking to his son.

Meanwhile, Josef has finished his studies at the Polytechnic and begins to work as an engineer, while still practicing music, he composes every time he have a free minute. Although his father has since passed away, Josef, unlike his brother Johann, does not dare to rebel against his father's wish. Through his wife Lina, Johann junior learns about the conflict in which Josef entangled himself in. He gives Josef an opportunity to prove his musical skills for the first time at a New Year's Eve celebration. Josef's premiere is a great success, and he is finally completely committed to music and ends his engineering career.

Josef had such a great success that he asks Johann to represent him on one of the other occasions. Meantime, the youngest of the three brothers, Eduard Strauss, has also grown up and also shows ambition as a composer. However, he and Joseph are under the shadow of the much famous brother, against whom they shall compete. Eventually, it is old Amon who creates a group, called "Strauss", in which all three Strausses are performing and inspiring the masses with their waltz music.

Cast

References

External links

Films of Nazi Germany
German biographical films
1930s biographical films
Films directed by E. W. Emo
Films set in the 19th century
Films set in Vienna
Films about classical music and musicians
Films about composers
Cultural depictions of Johann Strauss I
Cultural depictions of Johann Strauss II
Tobis Film films
1930s historical musical films
German historical musical films
German black-and-white films
Films set in the Austrian Empire
Films set in Austria-Hungary
Films shot at Rosenhügel Studios
1930s German films
1930s German-language films