title: The Journal of Pain

text:
The Journal of Pain is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the United States Association for the Study of Pain and covers research and reviews on pain, including anesthesiology and palliative care and related educational and policy issues. The editor-in-chief is Tonya M. Palermo (University of Washington). The journal was established in 1992 as the APS Journal and was renamed Pain Forum in 1995 before obtaining its current name in 2000, with volume numbering restarting at 1. In December 2019, following the bankruptcy of the American Pain Society, the newly formed United States Association for the Study of Pain purchased the journal.   According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 4.621. The Journal is included in the Index Medicus and in MEDLINE.

Editors-in-chief

 Mark Jensen
 Tonya M. Palermo

References

External links

Elsevier academic journals
Anesthesiology and palliative medicine journals
English-language journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 1992


title: Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III

text:
The insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III was a popular revolt in Paris on 1 April 1795 against the policies of the Thermidorian Convention. It was provoked by poverty and hunger resulting from the abandonment of the controlled economy after dismantling of the Revolutionary Government during Thermidorian Reaction.

Causes
The abandonment of the controlled economy provoked a frightful economic catastrophe. Prices soared and the rate of exchange fell. The Republic was condemned to massive inflation and its currency was ruined. In Thermidor, Year III, assignats were worth less than 3 percent of their face value. Neither peasants nor merchants would accept anything but cash. The debacle was so swift that economic life seemed to come to standstill.

The insurmountable obstacles raised by the premature reestablishment of economic freedom reduced the government to a state of extreme weakness. Lacking resources, it became almost incapable of administration, and the crisis generated troubles that nearly brought its collapse. The sans-culottes, who had unprotestingly permitted the Jacobins to be proscribed, began to regret the regime of the Year II, now that they themselves were without work and without bread. The Thermidorians accused the Montagnards of pushing them to revolt in desperation.

On 17 March a delegation from faubourgs Saint-Marceau and Saint-Jacques complained that: «We are on the verge of regretting all the sacrifices that we have made for the Revolution». Police law was passed which lay down the death penalty for use of seditious language. Arms were distributed to the "good citizens", the faithful nucleus of the National Guard.

The insurrection

On 12 Germinal (1 April), the session of the Convention was interrupted by a crowd which invaded the chamber with cries of "Bread! Bread!" and created a prolong uproar. Vanheck, at the head of the Cité Section, imposed silence and demanded the application of the Constitution of 1793, measures to deal with the shortage of food, and the release of the imprisoned patriots. The demonstration finally allowed themselves to be persuaded, by the Montagnards themselves, to march past the bar and evacuate the chamber. In point of fact, it is impossible to talk of an insurrection organized by the sections; two of them, indeed, in respectful address, expressed themselves to the same effect as the Thermidorians. It is therefore obvious that the movement had no leaders worthy of the name, and that the agitators, launching forth into speeches, had been unable to reconstruct the bands which in the past had insured the success of the journees. The demonstrators were unarmed; they had repulsed the jeunesse doree easily, but when the National Guards of the western sections, led by Merlin de Thionville, appeared, they withdrew without offering any resistance. However, the city was seriously disturbed; the Pantheon and Cité sections declared themselves in permanent session; when Auguis and Penieres went to their headquarters, the former was arrested and wounded; a shot was fired at the latter. On the thirteenth, the agitation continued at the Quinze-Vingts.In the preceding night, the Convention had placed Paris under martial law and given command of the city to Pichegru, who happened to be there at the time, detailing Merlin de Thionville and Barras to assist him.

Reaction

The main consequence of the insurrection was to accelerate still further the political reaction. The Assembly immediately voted the deportation of Collot, Billaud, and Barere to Guiana. Eight prominent Montagnards were arrested including Amar, Leonard Bourdon, Cambon, René Levasseur, Maignet, Lecointre and Thuriot, who had been early leaders of the thermidorian reaction, was an indication of the extent to which the Assembly was now bent on undoing the past. The main weight of repression fell on the sans-culottes. A state of siege was declared in Paris and many of the germinal leaders were arrested. Under pressure from the Sections, the Assembly, on 10 April, ordered the disarming, in Paris and the provinces, of all who had played a leading part in Terror. It is estimated that only in Paris about 1,600 sans-culottes were affected by the measure. In the provinces the decree of 10 April was often the signal for the arrest and prosecution of former terrorists. In Lyons and the south-east it probably helped to set off the prison massacres for which it designated the victims.

References

Sources

External links

1795 events of the French Revolution
Military coups in France
18th-century coups d'état
Insurgencies in Paris


title: E. exigua

text:
E. exigua may refer to:

 Eatoniella exigua, a sea snail
 Elachista exigua, a grass-miner moth
 Eleogiton exigua, a flowering plant
 Entodina exigua, a land snail
 Eolis exigua, a sea slug
 Eragrostis exigua, a true grass
 Eublemma exigua, an owlet moth
 Eucalyptus exigua, a flowering plant
 Eulechria exigua, a concealer moth
 Eulima exigua, a sea snail
 Euphorbia exigua, a flowering plant
 Evalea exigua, a sea snail


title: Dance Apocalyptic

text:
"Dance Apocalyptic" is a song by Janelle Monáe, issued as the second single from her second studio album, The Electric Lady. The song was co-written with Charles Joseph II and Nathaniel Irvin III, and Monae, Chuck Lightning and Nate "Rocket" Wonder providing production. "Dance Apocalyptic" is a dance-pop song with elements of hip-hop, doo-wop, rock, Motown, and new wave. The song is built on kick-drums, keyboards, an electric guitar, scratching and synthesizers. Lyrically, the song is about dancing and liberation.

"Dance Apocalyptic" received widespread positive reviews, with critics noting its catchiness and feel-good lyrics.

Composition and lyrics
"Dance Apocalyptic" is a dance-pop, new wave rock, doo-wop, Motown and hip-hop song.

Reception
Keith Murphy of Vibe praised the song, calling it an "infectious rave-up" and "the soundtrack to endless summer cookouts".

Music video

The music video was directed by Wendy Morgan.

Live performances
On September 9, 2013, Monáe performed the song on the Late Show with David Letterman. She then performed the song (along with "Electric Lady") on Saturday Night Live on October 26.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

2013 singles
Bad Boy Records singles
Janelle Monáe songs
Songs written by Janelle Monáe
2013 songs
Rock-and-roll songs
American new wave songs


title: Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key

text:
Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key is a former United States Coast Guard facility located in Dinner Key, Miami, Florida. It was built next to the International Pan American Airport.

History
A United States Naval Air Station was established on Dinner Key in 1917. NAS Dinner Key, commanded by Lt. Cdr. Marc Mitscher, was the second largest naval air facility in the U.S. and was used to train seaplane pilots. The Air Station was closed shortly after the end of World War I. Later an airport was built here by Pan Am. The Navy took over the site during World War II, operating there from 1943 until 1945.

The United States Coast Guard operated a Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key from 1932 until 1965, when operations were transferred to Coast Guard Air Station Miami at Opa-locka Airport. The former barracks and mess building were added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1995. On December 19, 2002, the US Coast Guard Air Station Hangar at Dinner Key was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

References

United States Coast Guard Air Stations
History of Miami
National Register of Historic Places in Miami
Coconut Grove (Miami)
Airports disestablished in 1965
Defunct airports in Florida


title: Memory overcommitment

text:
Memory overcommitment is a concept in computing that covers the assignment of more memory to virtual computing devices (or processes) than the physical machine they are hosted, or running on, actually has. This is possible because virtual machines (or processes) do not necessarily use as much memory at any one point as they are assigned, creating a buffer. If four virtual machines each have 1 GB of memory on a physical machine with 4 GB of memory, but those virtual machines are only using 500 MB, it is possible to create additional virtual machines that take advantage of the 500 MB each existing machine is leaving free. Memory swapping is then used to handle spikes in memory usage. The disadvantage of this approach is that memory swap files are slower to read from than 'actual' memory, which can lead to performance drops.

While memory overcommitment is usually talked about in the context of virtualization, it is actually a generalised concept; Windows NT contained overcommitment features, as do most modern generalised operating systems, including the Linux kernel.

See also
 Memory ballooning

References

Virtual machines
Hardware virtualization


title: Pan Pong

text:
Pan Pong (also Panpon, Pan-Pon or Pang-Pong) is a hybrid of tennis and ping pong. The name comes from the sound when the ball is being hit from one side to the next, pan - pon - pan - pon and is played on asphalt with racquets made of wood, a soft tennis ball and a net in form a wooden plank. Rules are similar to tennis or ping-pong but is played in shorter matches of 3 games.

History

The game was invented in 1922, during the Taisho era (1912-1926), on the Hitachi Ltd. factory campus in Japan. Pan-Pon was started as a lunch exercise, but has since has grown into a local sport in Ibaraki Prefecture. Tournaments within Hitachi plants, between plants, and among citizens in Ibaraki prefecture in Japan are organized. Outside Japan the sport is little known, but tournaments have been organized in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, United States, connected to the Hitachi Automotive plant there.

Rules

Court

Pan-pon is played on a rectangular flat court, normally outdoors on asphalt alternatively indoors on plastic floor.
The court is 7 x 2.5 m with an inner serve area of 5.5 x 1 meter. The net is made of a 3-meter wooden plank, placed 40 cm above ground.

Equipment

Pans from the kitchen are made of wood, 30 x 20 cm and ca 10 mm in thickness. A simple ledge can be mounted on one of the short sides to make it easier to hold.

The ball is an air-pumped rubber ball, size like a tennis ball (ca 70 mm diameter). If the ball is dropped from 1 meter altitude it should bounce back up 50–60 cm if it is correctly pumped.

The game

Before the match a coin is flipped to determine the first server. One of the players will serve to start the game and the serve is hit into the receivers inner serve area without touching the net/plank.
The receiver will hit the ball back into the servers court side.

Scoring

A game consists of a sequence of points played with the same player serving. The game is won by the first player to have won at least four points in total. If the score is 3-3 it is necessary to win by two points. At 4-4 it is enough to win by only one point.

Serve

The serve is alternated between the players, point by point. The server must stand behind the base line and between the side lines. The receiver can stand at any place in the court. It is not allowed to hit the serve with the racket above the waist. The server only has one attempt to make a successful serve. The receiver is not allowed to hit the ball before it has touched the ground.

Doubles

If team A meets team B, first player A1 will serve with B1 as receiver. In the following game B1 serves to A2, then A2 against B2, etc.

Nordic Pan-Pon Championships 2014

In connection with the Nordic Microscopy Meeting, Scandem 2014, in Linköping, Sweden, on June 9–13, 2014, the first Nordic championship in Pan-Pon will be held.

References

Racket sports
Sport in Japan
Sports originating in Japan
Hitachi


title: Incarnate (film)

text:
Incarnate is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Ronnie Christensen. It stars Aaron Eckhart, Carice van Houten,  Catalina Sandino Moreno, David Mazouz,  Keir O'Donnell, Matt Nable, and John Pirruccello.

The film was released on December 2, 2016, by Blumhouse Tilt and High Top Releasing.

Plot
An 11-year-old boy named Cameron Sparrow is attacked by a hooded stranger who tries to kill him. However, Cameron kills her instead and looks at the camera with red eyes, revealing that he is actually possessed by a demon named "Maggie".

Meanwhile, Dr. Seth Ember approaches a man named Henry in a club and makes him realize he is dreaming. Ember reveals that the woman Henry has been with is a demon who has possessed his body. The two escape and return to reality, and Henry is freed from the demon. In the waking world, Ember actually uses a wheelchair. Ember's assistant Oliver warns that the demons have started to adapt to Ember's efforts and that soon he may not be able to escape back to reality.

Ember is approached by Camilla, a representative from the Vatican, who asks him to exorcise Cameron. Ember refuses, stating that his methods are not "exorcisms," but Camilla reveals that she believes the demon is one Ember knows. Ember visits a priest named Felix to question whether the demon could indeed be Maggie, which Felix affirms. Felix offers him a vial of blood from a possessed man which, when injected, would allow Ember about ten seconds of lucidity - just enough time to commit suicide, but he refuses.

Ember meets the boy's mother Lindsay and explains that he does not exorcise demons but evicts them by entering their host's subconscious to make them realize they are dreaming. Demons do not have the power to truly control those they possess; instead, they lull their hosts into comforting dreams so they will be unaware while the demon uses their body. He visits the possessed Cameron and the demon recognizes him.

Ember, Oliver, and, the third member of their team, Riley prepare for the eviction. Riley explains that by entering a near-death state, Ember will be able to synchronize his brain frequencies to Cameron's and enter his subconscious. However in this state, Ember has only about eight minutes before his heart will give out. Ember enters Cameron's dream and sees him with his father, Dan, but has a seizure and has to be pulled out of the dream to be revived.

Ember demands that Dan be present to help evict the demon. Lindsay refuses, explaining that the couple separated after Dan broke Cameron's arm in a drunken rage, but she agrees when Ember insists that Cameron's father might be the only way to save Cameron. Dan's presence initially seems to help, but Maggie lashes out at him. Ember pleads with Maggie to release Dan since Ember is the one Maggie wants. The demon does so but Dan dies from his injuries. Lindsay, alarmed, demands to know Ember's history with the demon. Ember reveals he discovered that he had the power to perform astral projection and enter the dreams of possessed people, but hid his power to live a normal life. However, this made him a target for demons. One day, while driving with his wife and child, the three were hit by a car driven by a possessed driver. The attack left Ember's family dead and is the reason that he needs to use a wheelchair, and ever since, he's been hunting the demon "Maggie," whom he named after the woman it had possessed.

Ember visits Felix to acquire the blood vial but discovers that Felix has been possessed. Felix attacks Ember and commits suicide. Returning to Cameron's dream, Ember uses a ring Cameron had received as a gift from his real father to make the boy realize he is in an illusion. The pair flee from Maggie, and Ember helps Cameron escape. Ember and Cameron wake up, but Ember wakes up again in a hospital with his wife and son. He realizes he's now inside his own dream and begs Maggie to release Cameron and take him instead, to which the demon agrees. However, when Ember wakes up for real, Riley administers the blood and Ember uses his ten seconds to throw himself through the apartment window. As he dies, Riley warns everybody not to touch Ember's body.

Paramedics attempt to resuscitate Ember, joined by Camilla. They succeed in getting a heartbeat, allowing Maggie to possess Camilla, before Ember dies.

Cast
 Aaron Eckhart as Dr. Seth Ember
 Carice van Houten as Lindsay Sparrow
 David Mazouz as Cameron Sparrow
 Catalina Sandino Moreno as Camilla Marquez
 Keir O'Donnell as Oliver
  Emily Jackson as Riley
 Matt Nable as Dan Sparrow
 Karolina Wydra as Anna Ember
 Emjay Anthony as Jake Ember
 John Purruccello as Henry
  Mark Steger as Maggie (Demon)
 Tomas Arana as Felix
 Mark Henry as Bouncer #2

Production
Brad Peyton was hired to direct & executive producer the film. Ronnie Christensen was hired to write the film. Blumhouse Productions and WWE Studios were hired to be the production companies.

Aaron Eckhart was cast in the film on September 17, 2013, followed by Mark Henry in November 25. Catalina Sandino Moreno, David Mazouz, George Anthony Anisimow and Karolina Wydra were cast later.

Music
Andrew Lockington composed the score. The soundtrack is now released at IM Global Music.

Reception

Box office
Incarnate was released in the United States on December 2, 2016 and was expected to gross $2–4 million from 1,737 theaters in its opening weekend. It ended up grossing $2.5 million, finishing 9th at the box office.

Critical response

Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 17% based on 35 reviews, with an average rating of 3.5/10. The critic consensus reads: "Incarnate can't be accused of lack of ideas -- if only any of them made sense or coalesced in any meaningful or scary way". On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 30 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C−" on an A+ to F scale.

References

External links

2016 films
2016 horror thriller films
2016 horror films
American horror thriller films
American science fiction horror films
American science fiction thriller films
American supernatural horror films
American supernatural thriller films
2010s English-language films
Demons in film
Religious horror films
Films about exorcism
Films about paraplegics or quadriplegics
Blumhouse Productions films
WWE Studios films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Brad Peyton
Films produced by Jason Blum
Films scored by Andrew Lockington
2010s American films


title: George Springer (mathematician)

text:
George Springer (September 3, 1924 – February 18, 2019) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. He was professor emeritus of computer science at Indiana University Bloomington.

Springer is perhaps best known as the coauthor with Daniel P. Friedman of the widely used textbook Scheme and the Art of Computer Programming. Scheme is one of the two main dialects of LISP. Three of the pioneering books for Scheme are The Scheme Programming Language (1982) by R. Kent Dybvig, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (1985) by Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman, and Scheme and the Art of Computer Programming (1989) by Springer and Friedman.

Career
Springer earned his bachelor's degree in 1945 from Case Western Reserve University (then named "Case Institute of Technology") and his master's degree in 1946 from Brown University. He earned his PhD in 1949 from Harvard University with thesis The Coefficient Problem for Univalent Mappings of the Exterior of the Unit Circle under Lars Ahlfors.

From 1949 to 1951 Springer was a C.L.E. Moore Instructor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1951 to  1954 he was an assistant professor at Northwestern University. In the academic year 1954/1955 as a Fulbright Lecturer and visiting professor at the University of Münster he worked with Heinrich Behnke. In the autumn of 1955 Springer became an associate professor and subsequently a professor at the University of Kansas. In the academic year 1961/1962 he was a Fulbright Lecturer and visiting professor at the University of Würzburg. From 1964 he was a professor of mathematics and from 1987 also a professor of computer science at Indiana University Bloomington. In the academic year 1971/1972 he was a visiting professor at Imperial College in London.

Springer began his career working in function theory (of one and several complex variables) and wrote a textbook on Riemann surfaces. In the 1980s he turned more toward computer science, working on programming languages.

Personal life and death
Springer was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1924, to a family of Jewish immigrants from Poland. He met his wife Annemarie (née Keiner) while at Harvard University. They were married from 1950 until her death in 2011, and had three children. Springer died on February 18, 2019, aged 94.

Works

 from Springer's lectures with notes prepared by Günter Scheja, Arnold Oberschelp, and Hans Rüdiger Wiehle: Einführung in die Topologie, Münster, Aschendorff 1955
 Introduction to Riemann Surfaces, Addison-Wesley 1957; 2nd edition, Chelsea 1981; 3rd edition, American Mathematical Society, 2001
 with Daniel P. Friedman: Scheme and the Art of Programming, MIT Press 1989, 9th printing 1997

References

External links
 Homepage, Indiana University Bloomington

1924 births
2019 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
Brown University alumni
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences alumni
Indiana University faculty
Programming language researchers
Writers from Cleveland
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty


title: Forfiles

text:
forfiles is a computer software utility for Microsoft Windows, which selects files and runs a command on them.  File selection criteria include name and last modified date.  The command specifier supports some special syntax options.  It can be used directly on the command line, or in batch files or other scripts.

The forfiles command was originally provided as an add-on, in the Windows 98, Windows NT and Windows 2000 Resource Kits.  It became a standard utility with Windows Vista, as part of the new management features.

Usage
The forfiles command has several command-line switches.  If no switches or parameters given, it outputs the name of every file in the current directory.

Switches

Command syntax
The command string is executed as given, except as noted below.

Sequences of the form , where "0x" is literal, and "FF" represents any two-digit hexadecimal number, are replaced with the corresponding single-byte value.  This can be used to embed non-printing ASCII characters, or extended ASCII characters.

The sequence  is replaced with a literal quotation mark .  Using the 0x sequence form described previously,  can also be used, which additionally hides the  from the command interpreter.

Several variables are provided, to be used in the command as placeholders for the values from each file.  Variables are technically not required, but must be used if the command is to vary for each file.

Date syntax
The date switch (/D) selects files based on their last modified date, given a date argument.

The date argument can be given as a literal date, in MM/DD/YYYY format (other date formats are not accepted).  Alternatively, the date argument can be given as a number, in which case it is taken to mean an age in days (i.e., the day date days before the present date).

If the date argument begins with a minus (-), only files modified on or before the given date are selected (older file / modified earlier).  Otherwise, only files modified on or after the given date are selected (younger files / modified later).  An explicit plus (+) may be given, but is the default.  Note that both modes select files on the given date.  There is no way to select files only on a given date (without also either before or after).

Examples
The following command selects all log files (*.LOG) in the Windows directory 30 days or older, and lists them with their date.
C:\>FORFILES /P C:\Windows /M *.LOG /D -30 /C "CMD /C ECHO @FDATE @FILE"
6/12/2015 "iis7.log"
5/28/2015 "msxml4-KB954430-enu.LOG"
5/28/2015 "msxml4-KB973688-enu.LOG"
5/26/2015 "setuperr.log"
The following command would delete the same files.
C:\>FORFILES /P C:\Windows /M *.LOG /D -30 /C "CMD /C DEL @PATH"
The use of  is required in the above  examples, as both  and  are internal to the command processor, rather than external utility programs.

See also
 cmd.exe – The program implementing the Windows command-line interpreter
 Foreach loop – The FOR and FORFILES commands both implement a for-each loop
 find (Unix) – Unix command that finds files by attribute, similar to forfiles
 find (Windows) – DOS and Windows command that finds text matching a pattern
 grep – Unix command that finds text matching a pattern, similar to Windows find

References
 .

External links

forfiles | Microsoft Docs

Windows Vista
Utility software
Command-line software
Windows administration


title: Leah Zell

text:
Leah Joy Zell (born 1949) is an American business executive and chartered financial analyst. She specializes in international investing in the international small-cap category. She is the Founder and Lead Portfolio Manager of Lizard Investors LLC.

Early life and education
Zell was born in Poland to Rochelle and Berek Zielonka and fled with her parents just before the German invasion in 1939. The family immigrated to the United States, living first in Seattle before settling in Chicago. Once in Chicago, Berek Zielonka (later known as Bernard) changed the family name to Zell. She has one brother, Samuel Zell, who is an American businessman.

Zell attended Harvard University, graduating Magna Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa in 1971. She received her PhD in Modern European Social and Economic history from Harvard University in 1979, where she won Woodrow Wilson, Fulbright (DAAD), and Krupp Foundation fellowships. Zell received her CFA designation in 1987.

Career

In 1979, Zell began her career at Lehman Brothers as a financial analyst.

From 1992 to 2005, Zell managed several investment portfolios at Wanger Asset Management, a firm she co‐founded with her then-husband, Ralph Wanger. While there, Zell acted as Head of International Equities and as Lead Portfolio Manager of Acorn International Fund. She left her position with the Acorn Fund in 2003.

Zell joined the executive committee of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in 2004, and still serves as its treasurer.

Zell founded Lizard Investors LLC in 2008, with offices in the Tribune Tower in Chicago.  The firm has since moved to the Chicago Equitable Building.

She has made various media appearances to share her expertise. These include CNBC's "Squawk Box" on August 28, 2013 to discuss emerging markets, and CNBC's "What’s Working" on May 13, 2013 to discuss international investing.  Her advice also appeared in the book, A Woman's Guide to Savvy Investing by Marsha Bertrand.

Zell has been featured and/or quoted as a financial analyst on Wall Street Week and Chicago Tonight, and in various newspapers and magazines, including Australian Financial Review, Barron's, The Financial Times, Money Magazine, Business Week, Pension Management, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Working Women, Smart Money, U.S. News & World Report and Investment News.

Zell is a director of the Horton Trust Company. She is also a member of several advisory committees, including the Council on Foreign Relations, the Harvard Global Advisory Council, and the Radcliffe Institute Dean's Advisory Council.

References

1941 births
Living people
American women business executives
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
CFA charterholders
People from Chicago
21st-century American women


title: Patricia Swift Blalock

text:
Patricia Swift Blalock (May 9, 1914 – September 7, 2011) was an American librarian, social worker, and civil rights activist born in Gadsden, Alabama.

Blalock graduated from the University of Montevallo and studied social work at the University of Chicago. She returned to Alabama and worked for the State Department of Education and Rehabilitation, where she helped establish clinics for children with birth defects and other illnesses. She was director of the Selma-Dallas County Public library for 27 years, where she was instrumental in integrating the institution during the 1960s, and retired in 1988.

Early life

Patricia Blalock was born on May 9, 1914, in Gadsden, Alabama. She had two siblings, a sister, Irene, and a brother, James. Her parents were "racially moderates," and more liberal than most families in her area. Her grandfather was one of the first members of the Populist Party in the area and had taught her "not to fear blacks."
She attended the University of Montevallo in Montevallo, Alabama, and received a master's degree in social work from the University of Chicago. In 1937, she moved to Selma, Alabama, where she became the district supervisor of the State Crippled Children’s Services and oversaw the work of the agency in 28 counties.
Blalock got married and had a daughter in 1946, after which she retired from social work.

Desegregating the Dallas County Public Library in Selma

In 1951, "Miss Betty" asked Blalock to work in the Dallas County Public Library in Selma, Alabama, on a part-time basis.  Blalock began working as an assistant for the library, a position she held for nearly ten years.  When the library director became ill, Blalock became temporary director. The library board then asked her to become the permanent director when it was clear that the current director would not be able to continue. Blalock was apprehensive at first because she did not have a library degree but was, instead, a social worker. The board expressed their faith in her and asked that she take the position which she assumed in 1963.

At the time, there was only one library in Selma. The Selma Library began in 1904 with a $10,000 grant from Andrew Carnegie, who wanted to provide libraries to small communities. Unlike other segregated southern communities which provided a branch for black patrons, Selma’s minority population was served through the back door of the library by the library maid.

At the time Blalock assumed her official role as the director, Selma was being informally, but influentially, run by the White Citizens' Council. Created in 1955 in response to the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education, the White Citizen’s Council sought to keep the status quo of white supremacy in city life and community affairs. Two influential ex officio members of the library board who attended board meetings regularly were Mayor Chris Heinz and Judge Bernard Reynolds, both leaders in the Citizen’s Council. Both orthodox segregationists, Heinz and Reynolds wanted to protect Selma’s way of life from people who they considered "outside agitators."

Blalock, upon becoming library director, immediately pushed for desegregation of the library with the library board. This was a difficult task, especially during the political climate of the 1960s, but Blalock was persistent. She personally visited each board member in order to try to convince them that desegregation was inevitable. Blalock had used recent integration orders by the federal government in Montgomery and protests in Birmingham as examples of trouble the people of Selma could expect. She argued that Selma could take control of its own integration process rather than have outsiders do it for them.

By May 1963, Blalock had become more urgent in her appeals. She told Board that there was a push to protest the library’s segregation policies and that she was unsure if she would even be able to open the library on Monday without some sort of desegregation plan in place. The Board agreed to meet at Blalock’s home that morning to work out a plan.

The desegregation plan that was developed for the Selma-Dallas County Library was not ideal to Blalock, but it did accomplish the goal she so eagerly sought. It was decided that the library would remain closed for one week, from May 13 to May 19. Following that period, it would reopen using "vertical integration" techniques; all of the chairs in the library would be removed in order to keep black and white patrons from sitting together. In addition, the library's desegregation would not be publicly announced and all library card applicants would be required to provide two references, a negligible impediment in the mind of Blalock.

On May 20, 1963, the library reopened, fully desegregated, without much fanfare. Library visitors who found the lack of chairs unusual were told that the chairs were in the basement being stored temporarily. Black patrons, unaware of the recent change, were slow to use the library at first; by November, they were becoming more common. Blalock slowly began taking the chairs out of storage and moved them back to the library.
With the library desegregated, Blalock also pushed for integration of the library staff. Annie Molette, the library maid who quietly used her position to provide library services to the community’s blacks through the back door, was told by Blalock that the library would be hiring a new maid. Molette was then told that she was being hired as Selma’s first African-American library assistant.

Desegregation of the library was not universally accepted by Selma’s white community; the skills Blalock learned as a social worker became indispensable in her service to all members of the community in order to keep the city calm on the issue. An anecdote tells of a white library patron who, upon seeing African-American patrons using the library, tore up his library card in anger and vowed never to return. Two weeks later when the man returned to check out a book, he was met by Blalock who had earlier taken the time to tape back together the pieces of his card and save it in case he did return.

Later life and recognition

In 1988, Blalock retired from her role as director of the Selma-Dallas County Public Library. In 1992, Blalock was recognized by the Alabama Library Association with its Distinguished Service Award. This award recognizes an individual who has made a significant contribution towards the development  of library services in the State of Alabama.

Blalock dedicated much of her later life to the development of her community in other spheres, serving two terms as a director of the Selma and Dallas County Chamber of Commerce, chairing the Tale Telling Association, serving two terms as vice president of the Selma and Dallas Tourism Council, and directing and chairing the Community Concern Association in Selma. Blalock was a longtime director and membership chairman of the Community Concert Association in Selma and also helped found the Performing Arts Center in Selma.

She spent the last years of her life in Birmingham, Alabama, surrounded by her two grandchildren and five great-grandchildren, along with a large extended family. In 2000, she was recognized by the International Library Science Honor Society who designated her Librarian of the Year for Exceptional Leadership in Librarianship. Her daughter, Irene Blalock, is a noted librarian as well and recently retired as the Director of the Birmingham Public Library.

References

Further reading
 Branch, T. (1989). Parting the waters : America in the King years, 1954-63. New York : Simon and Schuster, 1989.
 Graham, P. (2002). A right to read : segregation and civil rights in Alabama's public libraries, 1900-1965. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2002.
 Selby, M. (2012). Librarians as Leaders. Feliciter, 58(5), 37.
 Thomas, M. (1995). Stepping out of the shadows : Alabama women, 1819-1990. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 1994.

American civil rights activists
Women civil rights activists
American librarians
American women librarians
University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration alumni
Activists from Selma, Alabama
People from Gadsden, Alabama
1914 births
2011 deaths
University of Montevallo alumni
American librarianship and human rights
21st-century American women


title: Gavatamak

text:
Gavatamak () may refer to:
 Gavatamak, Khash
 Gavatamak (27°32′ N 61°20′ E), Khash


title: Hashemabad, Khash

text:
Hashemabad (, also Romanized as Hāshemābād) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 66, in 20 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Hisek

text:
Hisek (, also Romanized as Hīsek; also known as Hasek) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 79, in 22 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Hushab Aluk

text:
Hushab Aluk (, also Romanized as Hūshāb Ālūk) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49, in 15 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Dragon World Championship

text:
The Dragon World Championship is an international biennial sailing regatta in the Dragon class organized by the International Sailing Federation and the International Dragon Association.

Several sailors have won twice; Jesper Bank, Johan Palmqvist, Ole Børresen, Poul Richard Høj Jensen, Vincent Hoesch, and Erik Hansen all have two titles. Danish crews have won most championships, on eight occasions.

The Dragon was an Olympic class from 1948 to 1972.

History
The first Dragon World Championship was held in 1965.

Editions

Multiple World Champions

Compiled from the data below the table includes up to and including 2023.

(1) full results are not available for every year so this could be an under estimation.

Medalists

References

See also
ISAF Sailing World Championships
International Sailing Federation

Recurring sporting events established in 1965
World championships in sailing


title: Yek Muki

text:
Yek Muki (, also Romanized as Yek Mūkī) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 10 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Yusefabad, Irandegan

text:
Yusefabad (, also Romanized as Yūsefābād) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 17 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kasap Dasht Kuh

text:
Kasap Dasht Kuh (, also Romanized as Kāsāp Dasht Kūh) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kahurak, Khash

text:
Kahurak (, also Romanized as Kahūrak) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 11 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Russian Government Cup 1992

text:
Russian Government Cup 1992 was played in Krasnojarsk during the period 28 January-2 February 1992. Sweden won the tournament.

This was the first time the Russia national bandy team played, and the last time the Commonwealth of Independent States national bandy team played.

The tournament began with a group stage and then had a knock-out stage to decide the final winner, with the teams losing in the semi-finals playing a third place consolation game. There was also a game for fifth place between the two teams coming in last in the group stage.

Results of the group stage

Knock-out stage

Semifinals
 -  5-3
 -  5-6

Match for fifth place
  Khakassia  -  4-2

Match for third place
 -  9-0

Final
 -  7-3

Sources
 Norway's men's internationals in bandy
 Sweden-Sovjet in bandy
 Rossijaturneringen

1992 in Russian sport
1992 in bandy
1992
January 1992 sports events in Russia
February 1992 sports events in Russia


title: Kal Shab Ravan

text:
Kal Shab Ravan (, also Romanized as Kal Shab Ravān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kallah Gur

text:
Kallah Gur (, also Romanized as Kallāh Gūr) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kalleh Garmak

text:
Kalleh Garmak (; also known as Kalleh Garmak-e Bālā) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kalleh Maran

text:
Kalleh Maran (, also Romanized as Kalleh Mārān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 231, in 54 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Senthilnathan

text:
Senthilnathan Jambulingam is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer and television actor who predominantly works in Tamil cinema and serials, based in Chennai. He is best known for his action-masala films. As of 2013, he has directed more than twenty five films.

Personal life
He is the son of director Jambulingam who directed M. G. Ramachandran starrer Nam Naadu. Senthilnathan cast his son, Vinod, in the lead role of Unnai Naan (2004).

Film career
Initially, he worked as an assistant to director M. Bhaskar in Soolam (1980) and Pakkathu Veetu Roja (1982). He then worked as an assistant director under S. A. Chandrasekhar for 7 years from Sattam Oru Iruttarai until Needhikku Thandanai (1987). At that time, he befriended with actor Vijayakanth who promised him to act in his films in the future. When producers proposed him to direct a film, he met Vijayakanth but the actor was in a busy schedule. Waiting for his availability, he worked as an assistant director under V. Azhagappan in three films. Senthilnathan finally made his directorial debut in 1988 with the Tamil film Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran. The film turned out to be a blockbuster.

In 2001, he agreed terms with producer Ibrahim Rowther to make a film titled Kadhal Mudal Kadhal Varai, which would have debutant Bala Kumaran and Uma in the lead role. The film would have marked the director's 25th film, but the producer's financial troubles meant that the film was shelved.

Filmography

Television

Other works

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
Film directors from Chennai
Tamil film directors
Film producers from Chennai
Tamil television directors
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors


title: Harlow Wilcox (announcer)

text:
Harlow Wilcox (March 12, 1900 – September 24, 1960) was an American radio announcer.

Wilcox became one of the most successful announcers and pitchmen in radio and he was a pioneer in making commercials part of a program's story. Wilcox also had roles on television and film.

Early life

Wilcox came from a show business-oriented family, with a father who played in the Ringling Brothers circus band and a sister who played violin both in vaudeville and in classical concerts. Harlow took vocal lessons and briefly performed on stage.

Fibber McGee and Molly

He eventually decided to try radio and met Jim and Marian Jordan at a station in Chicago. An April 1944 article in Radio Mirror magazine reported:Jim and Marion [sic] Jordan were just getting a toehold in radio in Chicago then and Wilcox helped them cut some records. When the pair landed their own radio show, they asked for Wilcox as their announcer. The future triumphs of the trio are well known to all Fibber McGee and Molly fans. When the Jordans moved out to Hollywood in 1939, Wilcox went with them and now, even when Fibber McGee and Molly leave the air for their annual summer vacations on their ranch, Wilcox carries on, announcing the sponsor's substitute show.

Wilcox became "one of the most successful announcers and pitchmen in radio." He was the announcer for Fibber McGee and Molly (his first network program) throughout the show's run in a 30-minute format. He also was a pioneer in making commercials a part of a program's story rather than something simply inserted during a break. The "Wistful Vista" website put it this way:Wilcox was one of the masters of the integrated commercial, a technique that was popularized on Ed Wynn's and Jack Benny's shows. Instead of stopping the story for the mid-show commercial, Wilcox would just show up and work his plug into the plot, much to Fibber's consternation. Fibber tagged Wilcox with the nickname "Waxy" for his ability to turn any conversation topic to Johnson's Wax ...
An article in a Smithsonian Institution newsletter described Wilcox's role in integrating commercials into stories as follows:A standard joke on the popular comedy Fibber McGee and Molly was the arrival of Johnson's Wax salesman Harlow Wilcox. He knocked at their door as just another person in their stream of visitors, but no matter what the conversation had been about before his arrival, Wilcox somehow managed to turn it to floor wax within a few moments, and then struggled to promote his product over the continuing action around him.
As was generally true of radio personalities, most people's impressions of Harlow Wilcox came solely from hearing him on the air. One writer, however, recorded her perceptions as a member of the studio audience at the Fibber McGee and Molly broadcast Dec. 5, 1946. In her "By-ways" column, Florence Burlingame Taylor wrote:Harlowe [sic] Wilcox was introduced as a young lad, just getting a start in radio. This was before Harlowe appeared, and Fibber had us believing that Harlowe was ill. How we applauded the popular Harlowe! He is a handsome, debonair man-about-town – at least 40, gray-haired, with crisp gray mustache, tall, with all the poise of a veteran announcer.

Radio shows

Radio shows for which Wilcox was announcer included Amos 'n' Andy, The Baby Snooks Show, Ben Bernie, Fibber McGee and Molly, Frank Merriwell, Hap Hazard, Hollywood Premiere, Suspense, Truth or Consequences, The Victor Borge Show Your Electric Servant, Blondie  Boston Blackie  and The Passing Parade.

Television and film
In addition to his announcing roles, Wilcox also acted in an episode of the TV version of You Are There and in two movies, Look Who's Laughing and They're Off.

Wilcox can be heard on a 1937 promotional film  for Stewart-Warner refrigerators which was preserved by the Library of Congress, and which also includes an appearance by 18-year-old Art Carney.

In the 1950s, Wilcox was executive vice president of Rockett Pictures, Inc., a film production company in Hollywood, California.

References

External links

1900 births
1960 deaths
American male radio actors
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from Omaha, Nebraska
Radio and television announcers


title: Gozlin, Count of Bidgau and Methingau

text:
Gozlin (c. 911 – between 19 October 942 and 16 February 943), was count of the Ardennes and the Bidgau, and army commander for his brother, Adalbero I of Metz.

Gozlin was a son of Count Palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia and Cunigunda of France. In 930, he married Oda of Metz (905 – 10 April 963), a daughter of Count Gerard of Metz and Oda of Saxony. Through her mother Oda was a cousin of King Henry the Fowler of East Francia (Germany). Gozlin and Oda had the following children:

Reginar, count of Bastogne (d. 18 April 963). One of his sons was Adalberon (bishop of Laon).
Henry (d. 6 September 1000), Count of Arlon.
Godfrey "the Captive" (935/940 – 3 September 995/1002), count of Verdun
Adalberon (935/940 – 23 January 989), archbishop of Reims 969-989.

Sources

Parisse, ‘Généalogie de la Maison d'Ardenne’, La maison d'Ardenne Xe-XIe siècles. Actes des Journées Lotharingiennes, 24 - 26 oct. 1980, Centre Univ., Luxembourg, (1981) 9-41

House of Ardennes
910s births
940s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
House of Ardenne–Verdun


title: Book of Southern Tang (Ma Ling book)

text:
The Book of Southern Tang, or sometimes called Ma's Book of Southern Tang (馬氏南唐書) to distinguish it from the later Lu's Book of Southern Tang, was a Chinese history book on the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state of Southern Tang. Containing 30 chapters, it was written by Ma Ling in the early 12th century. Ma Ling's grandfather Ma Yuankang (馬元康) had been a resident of Southern Tang's capital Jinling (金陵; modern Nanjing, Jiangsu).

References

Chinese history texts
12th-century history books
Song dynasty literature
Southern Tang

History books about the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
12th-century Chinese books


title: Another Atmosphere Preview

text:
Another Atmosphere Preview is the fifth EP by American electronic duo VersaEmerge released on July 31, 2012, as a digital download. The song "Burn" was added on March 26, 2013. The EP is their last piece of content released as VersaEmerge before  changing their name to Versa.

Track list

References

2012 EPs
Versa (band) EPs
Fueled by Ramen EPs
Albums produced by Shaun Lopez


title: Bayeté Ross Smith

text:
Bayeté Ross Smith (born 1976) is a contemporary African American multi-media artist, film maker and educator. He currently lives and works in Harlem. He is represented by Guido Maus, beta pictoris gallery / Maus Contemporary in Birmingham, AL.

Education
Ross Smith graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Photography from Florida A&M University in 1999, and obtained a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in Photography from the California College of the Arts.

Career
Ross Smith is a conceptual artist, known for exploring issues and preconceived notions of identity and beauty, cultural traditions and anthropology. Recent videos and photographs have been described as two of the same person, dressed as opposing stereotypes, facing each other, usually one of them the corporate sell-out version.

Ross Smith began his career as a photojournalist with the Knight Ridder Newspaper Corporation. He has exhibited at a number of Art Museums and venues such as the Oakland Museum of California in Oakland, California; MoMA PS1, the New Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Brooklyn Museum in New York City; the San Francisco Arts Commission in San Francisco, California; the Goethe-Institut in Accra, the Zachęta National Gallery of Art in Warsaw, among others.

Created by Chris Johnson and Hank Willis Thomas, Bayeté Ross Smith and Kamal Sinclair, Ross Smith was a collaborator on "Question Bridge: Black Males", a transmedia art project that aims to represent and redefine black male identity in America through a video-mediated question and answer exchange that addresses the economic, political, geographic and generational divisions for black men. This innovative five-channel multimedia video installation was launched at five venues simultaneously in 2012: The Brooklyn Museum, the Sundance Film Festival, the Utah Museum of Contemporary Art (UMOCA) in Salt Lake City, Utah, the Oakland Museum of California, and the Chastain Art Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Ross Smith also has installed multiple site-specific sculptures, including a giant tower of boomboxes at the Alabama School of Fine Arts in Birmingham, Alabama for a community project that incorporates music selected by students, teachers and staff of the school.

Ross Smith’s photographs have been published in numerous books and magazines, including "Dis:Integration: The Splintering of Black America" by Eugene Robinson; "Posing Beauty: African American Images from the 1890s to the Present" and "Black: A Celebration of A Culture" by Deborah Willis, "The Spirit of Family" by Al Gore and Tipper Gore, among others.

Awards and other projects
Bayeté Ross Smith is the recipient of many awards, including the Franconia Sculpture Park Jerome Fellowship, as well as residencies with the McColl Center for Visual Art, Charlotte, North Carolina; the Kala Institute, Berkeley, California; the Laundromat Project, New York; and Can Serrat International Arts Center, Barcelona, Spain.  He was a contestant on Season 2 of Bravo’s creative competition series, Work of Art: The Next Great Artist. As an educator, Ross Smith has taught college students, and mentored youth through community-based art programs. He has worked with the International Center of Photography in New York City, the California College of the Arts, and numerous K-12 and college level courses.

References

External links
 Official website
 The Dr.Vibe Show  Chris Johnson And Bayete Ross Smith Of The 'Question Bridge'
Question Bridge, official site

1976 births
Living people
African-American contemporary artists
American contemporary artists
American photographers
Artists from Manhattan
African-American photographers
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
Amherst Regional High School (Massachusetts) alumni
People from Greenfield, Massachusetts
Florida A&M University alumni
California College of the Arts alumni


title: Kerstan

text:
Kerstan (, also Romanized as Kerstān; also known as Kerīstān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 42, in 7 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Karuchi, Khash

text:
Karuchi (, also Romanized as Karūchī) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Keshikan

text:
Keshikan (, also Romanized as Keshīkān; also known as Keshīgān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Kuy Patkuk Dasht Kuh

text:
Kuy Patkuk Dasht Kuh (, also Romanized as Kūy Patkūk Dasht Kūh) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Lashkeran

text:
Lashkeran (, also Romanized as Lashkerān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 11 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Marandegan

text:
Marandegan (, also Romanized as Mārandegān; also known as Mārdegān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 729, in 176 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Mahmudabad, Irandegan

text:
Mahmudabad (, also Romanized as Maḩmūdābād; also known as Maḩmūdābād-e Sargūr) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 28 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Mirabad, Irandegan

text:
Mirabad (, also Romanized as Mīrābād) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Mareghan Kand

text:
Mareghan Kand (, also Romanized as Mareghān Kand) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Petroravenia friesii

text:
Petroravenia friesii is a species in the family Brassicaceae native to Chile. It was formerly called Eudema friesii before being transferred to Petroravenia in 2012 because of the lack of septum diving the fruit into chambers.

References

Brassicaceae
Flora of Chile


title: Arabs in Spain

text:
There have been Arabs in Spain (; ) since the early 8th century when the Umayyad conquest of the Iberian Peninsula  created the state of Al-Andalus. In modern times there are expatriates from a range of Arab countries, particularly Morocco, Algeria, Lebanon, Syria, the Palestinian Territories, and Iraq; and also small groups from Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Jordan and Sudan. As a result of the Arab Spring (Libyan Civil War and Syrian Civil War), many have the status of refugees or illegal immigrants, trying to immigrate especially to France, Germany and Sweden. The Arab population in Spain is estimated to be between 1,600,000 and 1,800,000.

See also

 Arab diaspora
 Arabs in Europe
 Moroccans in Spain
 Lebanese diaspora
 Syrian diaspora
 Palestinian diaspora
 Moroccan diaspora
 Iraqi diaspora
 Egyptian diaspora

References

Spain
African diaspora in Spain
Asian diaspora in Spain
Spanish people of Arab descent
Ethnic groups in Spain
Islam in Spain
Muslim communities in Europe


title: Karuchi

text:
Karuchi () may refer to:
 Karuchi, Khash
 Karuchi, Nik Shahr


title: Disaster! (musical)

text:
Disaster! is a jukebox musical comedy created by Seth Rudetsky, and written by Rudetsky and Jack Plotnick. Earthquakes, tidal waves, piranhas, infernos and the songs of the '70s take center stage in this comedic homage to 1970s disaster films.

The show debuted at Triad Theatre, now renamed Stage 72, with choreography by Denis Jones and music supervision by Steve Marzullo on January 22, 2012, and ran through March 25 in its first production. A second production ran from November 2013 through April 2014 at New York's St. Luke's Theatre. The show opened on Broadway at the Nederlander Theatre on March 8, 2016, with previews beginning on February 9, 2016. The show starred Rudetsky, along with Roger Bart, Kerry Butler, Kevin Chamberlin, Adam Pascal, Faith Prince, Rachel York, Max Crumm and Jennifer Simard. Baylee Littrell (son of Brian Littrell) and Lacretta Nicole made their Broadway debuts. The show closed on May 8, 2016, after playing 32 previews and 72 regular performances.

The plot follows a group of New Yorkers that attend the opening of a floating casino and discothèque that quickly succumbs to multiple disasters. These calamities correlate with plots of various disaster films of the 1970s, such as earthquakes or killer bee incidents. Additionally, this play keeps with a 1970s theme by using popular songs of the decade as musical numbers.

Development and productions
Origins go back to the early 1990s. While working together in 1992, Seth Rudetsky and Drew Geraci developed the concept of creating a musical reminiscent of the 70s disaster films they both appreciated. The original storyline involved the New York City blackout of 1977 and incorporated the decade's top songs as both musical numbers and vehicles for comedy.

When Rudetsky was asked in 2011 to put on a show benefiting the nonprofit organization Only Make Believe, he decided to return to his disaster musical idea, and in the span of three months, he and Jack Plotnick revised the concept and wrote the first script of Disaster!.  Major changes included widening the plot's range: instead of focusing on one disaster, the NYC blackout, they decided to introduce a variety of catastrophes common to the popular films of the 1970s that they had grown up watching. The benefit show successfully impressed critics, and from its success, the musical later had a nine show Off-Broadway run at the Triad Theatre, followed by another Off-Broadway production that ran for eleven previews and eighty-six performances.

A Broadway production directed by Plotnick opened in March 2016 at the Nederlander Theatre, with an all-star cast and choreography by JoAnn M. Hunter. The show was produced by Robert Ahrens, Mickey Liddell/LD Entertainment, Hunter Arnold, James Wesley, Jim Burba and Bob Hayes. While Jennifer Simard received a Tony nomination as Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role as Sister Mary Downey, ticket sales weren't strong enough to make the production financially viable, with the show often playing only to half-capacity audiences. The Broadway production closed on May 8, 2016, having run for 32 previews and 72 regular performances. A cast album was released on September 9, 2016.

Plot
Disaster! takes place in 1979 Manhattan during opening night of the Barracuda, the first floating casino and discothèque in New York. The characters gather to gamble and dance, unaware of impending natural disasters, and the building's lack of safety measures compounds these catastrophes. Notably, the casino's structure was built on a fault line, which causes earthquakes throughout the show. The plot follows several characters' dynamics and interactions throughout the opening night as they deal with various plot elements reminiscent of 1970s disaster cult films such as The Poseidon Adventure and Airport 1975.

Act One
It's 1979 and the opening night for "The Barracuda", New York City's first floating casino. Chad Rubik is looking for female company ("Hot Stuff") and decides to join his best friend, Scott, as a waiter aboard the casino boat. Meanwhile, on the pier, Professor Ted Scheider is collecting water samples to determine whether the new pier has been drilled directly into a dangerous fault line. Marianne, a freelance reporter, has heard that Tony Delvecchio, the owner of the Barracuda, ran out of money and had to cut corners. He asks her to join him on board for some drinks and she agrees, hoping to get a scoop.

While the guests wait in line, a dour Sister Mary Downey appears, collecting money for the orphans fund and warning people that gambling is a sin ("The Lord's Prayer"). She meets Shirley and Maury Summers, who are celebrating Maury's retirement. Despite the Sister's protestations, Shirley buys her a ticket and she enters the casino. Faded disco star Levora Verona runs onto the pier with her precious dog, Baby. She successfully avoids a cab driver she can't afford to pay and gets on board, hoping she'll win back her fortune ("Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)").

Inside her casino dressing room, sexy lounge singer Jackie excitedly tells her children, 11-year-old twins Ben and Lisa, that Tony told her, "If tonight goes perfectly, he will ask me to marry him... possibly!" Tony enters just as a tremor shakes the room, causing Ben's Lite-Brite toy to fall to the ground. Ben cries as he notices that "The Lite-Brite pieces are lost in the shag carpeting!" Tony explains that the tremor was probably caused by nearby construction and tells Ben that he should never, ever cry. Jackie then goes onstage to wow the opening night crowd ("Saturday Night"). During her number, Scheider warns Tony that the vibrations from everyone dancing is going to trigger an earthquake and Tony angrily throws him off the ship.

Meanwhile, Sister Mary is practically salivating over a Hawaii Five-O-themed slot machine but when noticed by Shirley, adamantly denies having a gambling addiction. Marianne tries to interview Tony but he's only interested in one thing, ("Do You Wanna Make Love"). She accuses him of having a trap door installed at the bottom of the ship to dump illegal contraband and produces proof that he skipped safety precautions. Tony panics, but is able to sneak away when Marianne freezes at the sight of Chad who has offered them drinks. Shaken, she apologizes to Chad for leaving him at the altar years ago. He tells her it's "fine", and then retreats to the bathroom to express his true feelings ("Without You"). Hurt by Chad's indifference, Marianne drinks an entire bottle of wine, then runs into Lisa and tries to convince her (and herself) that being an independent woman is the most important thing in the world ("I Am Woman/That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be").

Jackie is in her dressing room when Scheider runs in to hide. He explains that an earthquake is coming and enlists Ben and Lisa to run and tell the captain to ready the lifeboats. Tony suddenly enters and Scheider quickly throws on a bird mask. Jackie covers by telling Tony that Scheider is a performer she hired and drags him onstage ("Mockingbird").

Shirley and Maury run into a depressed Marianne, who is surprised to find out they're married because they "seem so happy". They admit that marriage is hard but tell her that they still love each other dearly ("Still the One"). While Scheider hides out with Jackie, he reveals that his first wife, Dr. Wo-Ching Lee, died in a volcanic explosion and he feels responsible. Since then, he's become a disaster expert and tells Jackie one of the main rules is not to try to save individual lives. When Jackie leaves to perform, we see three private moments: Chad sings about Marianne, Marianne sings about Chad, and Scheider sings about Wo ("Feelings").

In the casino, Sister Mary's out-of-tune guitar upsets Baby. Levora is extremely insulted because Sister doesn't know any of her hit songs (including "Makin' Sweet Sweet Love" and "Put It Where I Want It"). Levora leaves in a huff, unknowingly dropping a quarter. Sister Mary knows she should give it to the orphans, but imagines gambling it and winning them more. Nonetheless, she tries to walk away from the slot machine but is unable to ("Never Can Say Goodbye").

Sister ultimately gambles away all the fund money. She bumps into Shirley on the elevator and they ride in uncomfortable silence, interrupted only by elevator music ("Feels So Good"). Suddenly, Shirley reveals that she has a fatal disease, and explains that she'll soon show the final warning signs, like uncontrollable winking and inappropriate verbal outbursts. She hasn't told Maury because she wants whatever time they have left to "only be happy". Shirley shyly suggests she might soon end it all because she doesn't want Maury to have to watch her suffer. The Sister tells her unequivocally that taking one's life is a sin and an eternity in Hell will await her if she does it. Ben and Lisa run into Chad and tell him that an earthquake is coming and he immediately runs off to warn Marianne.

In the casino, a wealthy woman approaches Levora and offers to buy Baby for an extraordinary sum. Levora can't bear to part with the only thing she's ever loved, yet she has only one quarter left to gamble and gain back her fortune. She knocks on the wood-paneled slot machine for luck and talks to Baby ("Knock on Wood"). Soon, various patrons are knocking along with her, on the machines, the floor... everything.

While this is happening, Marianne confronts Tony about the safety precautions and runs away as he tries to throw her off the boat. Chad sees Marianne hiding and tells her to get off the boat, but she misunderstands, thinking Tony has sent him. Scheider has heard the knocking and runs to the casino to warn everyone they're going to trigger an earthquake. They stop and start to tiptoe off the boat, but Levora has put in her quarter and wins ("Hawaii 5-0"). All the coins pouring out of the machine hit the floor and trigger an enormous earthquake.

Act Two
Act Two opens ("All Right Now") to reveal massive destruction in the casino as well as the Hawaii Five-O slot machine lever impaled in Scott's stomach. Chad arrives and tries to get Scott to safety ("You're My Best Friend")†, but Scott dies. Shirley, Maury, Jackie and Lisa are all in Jackie's dressing room but Jackie soon leaves to find Ben, who's missing. In a deserted hallway, Tony explains to his right-hand man that the earthquake actually solved his problems. It will be considered a force majeure and all of his debt will be paid. And he's positive he'll end the night being seen as a hero.

Chad is on the deck to give Scott a burial at sea and runs into the wealthy man, whose wife was killed by a falling ice sculpture ("Three Times a Lady"). While waiting in Jackie's dressing room, Shirley starts showing signs of her impending death (inappropriate verbal outbursts) and Lisa discovers Ben, who is passed out because of his diabetes. Lisa volunteers to carry Ben to the infirmary to get insulin and Maury and Shirley follow.

On the way they meet the sister, who is praying for death because she thinks that the earthquake was her punishment. She's certain that God wants her in hell but Shirley convinces her that God actually wants her to help other people and they all set off for the insulin. Lisa spies the infirmary and they run to it ("Ben"). Ben is revived in the nick of time. Everyone in the casino is panicking because the earthquake has caused the boat to detach from the pier, but Tony is calm and directs people to the lifeboats. However, Scheider warns that a tidal wave is coming and quickly ushers them into a hallway. Upon learning this, Marianne runs out onto the deck and gets Chad off his lifeboat ("Baby Hold On to Me") and back onto the ship. The tidal wave hits and the ship turns upside down. Scheider assures everyone that the safest thing to do is stay put, but Tony boasts that he'll save everyone through an exit ladder in the kitchen. Scheider objects, but Tony assures them the kitchen has fire doors and is therefore safe, so half the survivors, including Jackie, Ben and Lisa leave with him. The others choose to wait it out with Scheider ("25 or 6 to 4"). There is an explosion from the kitchen and only Tony reappears. Scheider realizes Tony lied about the fire doors, and they all express their anger at him, as Chad also shares his anger with Marianne for not showing up to their wedding ("Sky High").

Jackie and her children survived the blast but are hanging from a wall. She hopes Tony will come and rescue them, but the kids know better ("When Will I Be Loved"). Scheider decides to buck his own rules, braves the fire, and arrives to rescue them with a daring routine on a high beam ("Nadia's Theme"). On their way back to the casino, they hear Tony, who's trapped in a flooded room with sharks ("Don't Cry Out Loud"). The explosion has separated Levora from her dog, Baby. The sister appears and helps Levora find him by strumming her guitar until he barks ("Come to Me").

Marianne admits to Chad she did love him, but was scared their marriage would make them as miserable as her parents. They find themselves in a room that's flooding and filled with man-eating piranhas. The only way to escape is through a water-tight door, but it's locked. Perched together atop a pile of chairs, Chad admits he regrets not calling her for years. ("I Really Want to See You Tonight"). Suddenly, they hear sounds above them and start banging Morse code on the ceiling, screaming for help ("Knock Three Times").

In the casino, Jackie and her kids reappear and Tony thanks Scheider for rescuing him. He tells little Ben that it's good to cry every day, to which Ben responds, "I already do." Tony tries to reconnect with Jackie but she decides to end their relationship ("I Will Survive"). Shirley hears Chad and Marianne's Morse code and Scheider informs her that he has instructions on how to unlock the door in his Disaster Handbook. Shirley tells him she was a tap dance champion and will tap out the instructions. The Sister quietly asks Shirley if it's wise to exert herself because it might lead to death but Shirley tells her she might as well "go out helping people", and the Sister blesses her decision. Shirley taps out the instructions ("A Fifth of Beethoven"), Chad and Marianne are saved and pledge their love for each other ("Reunited") and Shirley dies in Maury's arms.

A swarm of rats attack so everyone rushes to safety in Tony's private office where Tony apologizes for everything and finally admits there is a trapdoor on the bottom of the ship. Ben points out that the ship is upside down and, therefore, the trap door is on the ceiling. They all escape onto the top of the ship as the sun rises ("Daybreak"). A helicopter appears and drops harnesses. As a survivors buckle themselves in, Scheider reveals his feelings for Jackie ("Hooked On a Feeling") and they all begin flying off to safety. Because the pier was destroyed, the helicopter is taking them to New Jersey. When Levora hears where they're heading, she exclaims, "New Jersey? This is the worst disaster yet!"

† "You're My Best Friend" does not appear in the internationally licensed version of the production.

Characters
Main named characters.
Ted Scheider: A professor and "disaster expert" who tries to warn the others of the impending doom.
Tony Delvecchio: The deceitful owner of the casino.
Chad Rubik: A flirtatious caterer at the casino who was previously engaged to Marianne.
Scott: Friend of Chad's and also a caterer at the casino.
Marianne Wilson: Reporter and ex-fiancée of Chad.  She left him to pursue her career.
Jackie Noelle: Lounge singer and mother. She is hoping that Tony will propose.
Ben and Lisa Noelle: Jackie's twins. Played by one male actor.
Levora Verona: A washed up singer hoping to hit it big in the casino.
Sister Mary Downey: A nun with a gambling addiction.
Maury Winters: The devoted husband of Shirley.
Shirley Winters: The wife of Maury.
Jake: The personal bodyguard of Tony.

Cast

†Tony Delvecchio was played by Will Swenson for one week while Bart was on leave—May 1–7, 2016.

Musical numbers
Sources:

Act I

Act II

Cut songs

Critical reception
The musical has received positive reviews from various respected news outlets. The New York Daily News named Disaster! one of its top ten must-see musicals for 2013, claiming that "This spoof of catastrophe-themed movies mixed with '70s pop hits gushes with Velveeta as well as laughs, great new talents and savvy jukebox craftsmanship." Time Out New York critic and president of New York Drama Critics' Circle Adam Feldman rated the show five stars, stating, "I can't remember the last time I laughed out loud at the theater as often as I did at Disaster!...with meticulous ingenuity, the show repurposes three dozen classic tunes from the Me Decade to often hilarious effect." The New York Times  Charles Isherwood called the show "self-consciously ditzy," saying that it really "earns that exclamation point."

Awards and nominations

2013 Off-Broadway Production

2016 Broadway Production

References

External links

Internet Broadway Database

2012 musicals
Broadway musicals
Fiction set in 1979
Jukebox musicals
Off-Broadway musicals
Musicals set in the 1970s
Musicals set in casinos
Musicals set in New York City
Musicals set on ships
Musicals about gambling


title: Arrive Alive (disambiguation)

text:
Arrive Alive may refer to:
 The 1980 comedy film Arrive Alive
 Arrive Alive, an organization against impaired driving
 "Arrive Alive" (Batwoman), an episode of Batwoman


title: International Pan American Airport

text:
International Pan American Airport is a former airport in Dinner Key, Miami, Florida operated by Pan American World Airways from 1932 to 1945. During its existence, it operated alongside Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key.

History
Dinner Key was the site of the first continental naval air station in the United States, which opened in 1918. The United States Navy vacated the facility following the end of World War I that year, and it was then used by commercial seaplane operators. The New York, Rio & Buenos Aires Airline began service at the airport in 1929 and merged into Pan Am in 1930.

Dinner Key served as a base for Pan American World Airways's flying boats during the 1930s and 1940s. It was one of the world's largest airports and the main hub for air traffic between North and South America. The inaugural flight from Dinner Key to Panama took place on December 1, 1930. Charles Lindbergh, who was a technical adviser to Pan Am, surveyed some of the early air routes. Because of inadequate landing facilities along the South American route, flying clipper ships were utilized by Pan Am, forming a vital link between North and South America. Pan Am opened an Art Deco terminal building at the airport in 1934, featuring a globe in its lobby that was 10 feet in diameter and weighed 3.5 tons. Pan Am operated Sikorsky S-41 and Sikorsky S-42 flying boats from the airport.

The Navy requisitioned the entire Dinner Key facility in 1943 and commissioned it as Dinner Key NAF. After the technological advances of World War II and the construction of suitable airports in South America made seaplanes largely obsolete, Pan Am transferred its operations to Miami International Airport, which had been in operation since 1928 as Pan American Field. Pan Am's final flight to Dinner Key took place August 9, 1945. This happened to be the same day an atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, essentially ending World War II.

Today, the airport is the site of Miami City Hall, located in the old Pan Am terminal building. Two of Pan Am's hangars are still in use by the Grove Key Marina.  The terminal's centerpiece globe was showcased in the lobby of Miami's Museum of Science from 1960 until the museum moved in 2015, and in 2022 was installed at the site of the Miami Worldcenter development.

Gallery

References

External links

Defunct airports in Florida
Historic American Buildings Survey in Florida
Pan Am


title: La Falize Castle

text:
Château de La Falize was built in the 15th and 16th centuries with 20th century additions. It is located about  north of the city centre of Namur just off the old Gembloux-Namur (N904 road) at the top of the steep northern valley slope of the river Meuse. It is in the province of Namur in Wallonia (one of the three regions of Belgium).

Etymology and geography
The name of the Château is derived from the Latin word falise (Cliff, French: falaise) because of its position close to the top edge of a steep declivity of the valley sides of the river Meuse at the foot of which is the city of Namur. Just south west of the Château the steep side of the Meuse valley is cut by the Houyoux, a tributary of the Meuse, which has created a smaller valley in the steep declivity of the Muse valley. The Houyoux is used by the land transport routes from Gembloux and Namur, to descend into the Meuse valley from the plain above.

History

In 1638, King Philip IV of Spain, leased this manor in 1638 to Gilles I of Glymes, Lord of La Falize, for the sum of 1500 florins. Honore de Glymes-Brabant, son of Ignace-François de Glymes-Brabant, Lord of la Falize built most of the current structure in 1757.

The Château was the headquarters of William of Orange during the Siege of Namur in 1695.

Notes

References

Further reading

Castles in Belgium
Castles in Namur (province)


The Ford Motor Company - Columbus Assembly Plant is a historic building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. The Ford plant was constructed in 1914, to designs by John Graham. The plant operated until 1939. In later years, it became the Kroger Co. Columbus Bakery, operating until 2019. The building was sold in 2020, and is planned to be redeveloped into a large residential complex, announced in 2021. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2021.

The former Ford plant sits on a  site along with 457 Cleveland Avenue to its north, built in 1927 as a Kroger bakery. Together the buildings total .

History

Background

Ford Motor Company relied on a network of sales agencies-dealers which agreed to sell Model T cars, stock parts, and provide mechanics' services. Ford initially manufactured fully assembled cars in Detroit and then "knocked them down" (took off the wheels and otherwise prepared them for shipment) and shipped them to dealers. The agents in distant cities reassembled the knocked-down cars before sale. To better serve the network of sales dealerships. Ford took direct control of agencies in New York and Philadelphia in 1905 and the following year established company-owned branches in Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, and Kansas City, initially in leased buildings. Ford branches also sold Ford cars in addition to assembling vehicles for delivery to dealerships. Ford sold over 200,000 autos in 1914, with 80 percent of sales originating from the company's twenty-nine branches. As Ford sales continued to increase, the company built additional branch assembly plants in company-owned buildings, most of which were designed by Architect Albert Kahn.

The Ford system of branch plants was so successful that the company's competitors soon adopted the practice. Chevrolet, for example, established four branch assembly plants in 1915-1916 throughout the United States. Ford Branch Assembly Plants were located in Atlanta, Buffalo, Cambridge, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Fargo, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Long Island City, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland, Ore., San Francisco, Seattle and St. Louis.

Building history
The structure was built in 1914 and designed by John Graham & Company. John Graham was a Seattle architect working in the Ford architecture department in Highland Park, Michigan. Graham was the designer of several branch plants, including plants in Seattle, Cambridge, Houston, Dallas, Columbus, Cincinnati, Atlanta, and Pittsburgh. Architect Albert Kahn was responsible for nearly all of the remaining 1920s generation of branch assembly plants. As a branch assembly plant of the Ford Motor Company, beginning in 1914 the Columbus plant assembled the Ford Model T automobile. The plant processed components that arrived by train. The automobiles were assembled at the plant for delivery to local dealers. The shipping boxes were sized so that the wood from the empty boxes could be used as floorboards for the automobiles. The plant was closed in 1939.

The building housed the Kroger Co. Columbus Bakery until 2019. It was purchased by developers in March 2020 for $8.15 million. In April 2021, plans were unveiled for a 448-unit residential complex on the site, renovating the two existing buildings while adding three more. The development would be primarily residential, though a portion is set to hold restaurant space. Parking is predominantly set for within residential buildings; 420 of 599 proposed spaces. Large portions of the site will be landscaped into park space, a pool, dog park, and athletic courts.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 2021.

See also
 List of Ford factories
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbus, Ohio

References

External links

 Ford Factory Facts Booklet, Ford Motor Company (1915), Model T Ford Club of America

Ford factories
Former motor vehicle assembly plants
Motor vehicle assembly plants in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Downtown Columbus, Ohio
Kroger
1914 establishments in Ohio
Motor vehicle manufacturing plants on the National Register of Historic Places


title: 2014 Challenge Cup

text:
The 2014 Challenge Cup (also known as the Tetley's Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 113th staging of the rugby league tournament.

The defending champions Wigan Warriors were knocked out in the quarter finals 4 - 16 at home to the Castleford Tigers, who went on to make the final, but lost 10 - 23 to the Leeds Rhinos.

First round
The draw for the first round of the 2014 Challenge Cup was held on 8 January 2014 and broadcast live from the studios of BBC Radio Humberside by current Hull F.C. prop forward Chris Green and former player Shaun Briscoe.

The first round took place on the weekend of 1 and 2 February 2014, although three fixtures did not take place until the following Saturday - 8 February 2014.

Second round
The draw for the second round took place on 6 February 2014 and was drawn by former Wigan Warriors player Kris Radlinski and the owner of Salford Red Devils, Marwan Koukash.

Third round
The draw for the third round took place on 24 February 2014 and was made at the University of Gloucestershire's Park Campus in Cheltenham by the university's pro vice-chancellor Maxine Melling and Kevan Blackadder, the editor of the Gloucestershire Echo.

The third-round fixtures were drawn from two pools. Pool A comprised the 14 Championship teams plus four Championship 1 teams drawn at random.  From this pool two teams were drawn and awarded a bye into the fourth round, the two teams drawn were Featherstone Rovers and London Skolars.  The need to award byes came from the decision by the French teams invited into the competition to withdraw at a late stage.

The remaining five Championship 1 sides and the 11 winners of second-round matches formed Pool B.  All the third round fixtures comprised a team from Pool A vs a team from Pool B.  The team with home advantage was also determined randomly for each fixture.

Fourth round
The draw for the fourth round took take place at 3:45 pm on 18 March 2014 from Quay House, MediaCityUK, and was broadcast live on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra, BBC Radio Manchester, BBC Radio Leeds and BBC Radio Humberside. The fourth round saw the entry of the 14 First Utility Super League clubs, including holders Wigan Warriors, who joined the 16 winners of the third-round ties along with Featherstone Rovers and London Skolars, who received byes in the third round.

The home teams were drawn by the Mayor of Wigan, Councillor Billy Rotherham; the away teams by David Barker, representing sponsors Tetley's.

The fourth round of the Tetley's Challenge Cup was played over April 3–6.

Fifth round
The fifth round draw took place live on BBC TV after the end of the 4th round match between Huddersfield Giants and St Helens. Home teams were drawn by Alex Murphy and away teams by Garry Schofield.  Fixtures were played over the weekend of 26–27 April 2014. BBC TV broadcast the game between Leeds Rhinos and St Helens on Saturday 26 April.

Quarter-finals
The draw for the quarter-finals was held on Monday 28 April 2014 at 18:30 and televised on the BBC News channel. The home teams were drawn by Jason Robinson and the away teams by Paul Sculthorpe. Ties were played between June 5–8, 2014.

Semi-finals
The draw for the semi-finals was held on Sunday 8 June 2014 following the Bradford/Warrington game, which was televised on BBC Two.  The draw was conducted by Eorl Crabtree and Brian Noble. The ties were played on the weekend of 9–10 August 2014.

Final

The final of the 2014 Challenge Cup took place on 23 August 2014 at Wembley Stadium with the match kicking off at 15:00 BST. The match was shown live on BBC One.  Leeds Rhinos won the game 23–10.

Teams
Castleford Tigers: Luke Dorn; Kirk Dixon, Jake Webster, Michael Shenton, Justin Carney; Marc Sneyd, Liam Finn; Andy Lynch, Daryl Clark, Craig Huby, Oliver Holmes, Weller Hauraki, Nathan Massey.
Substitutes: Frankie Mariano, Scott Wheeldon, Jamie Ellis, Lee Jewitt.

Leeds Rhinos: Zak Hardaker; Tom Briscoe, Kallum Watkins, Joel Moon, Ryan Hall; Kevin Sinfield, Danny McGuire; Kylie Leuluai, Rob Burrow, Jamie Peacock, Brett Delaney, Carl Ablett, Jamie Jones-Buchanan.
Substitutes: Paul Aiton, Ryan Bailey, Ian Kirke, Liam Sutcliffe.

UK Broadcasting rights
The tournament was jointly televised by the BBC and Sky Sports on the third of their five-year contracts. The BBC screened, live, one match from each of the fourth and fifth rounds, two from the quarter-finals, both semi-finals and the final. Sky screened the two quarter-final games not being shown by the BBC.

Sky Sports televised the other two quarter final matches live. The first was Widnes Vikings and Keighley Cougars and the second was Leeds Rhinos and Leigh Centurions

External links
 Challenge Cup official website

References

Challenge Cup
Challenge Cup
Challenge Cup
2014 in French rugby league
2014 in Welsh rugby league
2014 in Scottish sport


title: Nabahri

text:
Nabahri (, also Romanized as Nābahrī; also known as Nābahvī) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 27 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Nagan, Khash

text:
Nagan (, also Romanized as Nāgān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 24 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Nilgan

text:
Nilgan (, also Romanized as Nīlgān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 173, in 41 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Nargan, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Nargan (, also Romanized as Nargān) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 27 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Akron Digital Academy

text:
The Akron Digital Academy was a public, community school district in Akron, Ohio and its surrounding counties. The district includes two high schools and one middle school. There were approximately 500 students enrolled in blended learning school.

Blended learning
Akron Digital offered a blended learning education model that is a combination of a traditional school model and an "online" school model.  In a traditional setting, a student attends a school building five days a week while scheduled in various class periods throughout the day.  An "online" school model is where a student works only from a computer, where all of the courses are offered through online curriculum.

History
Akron Digital Academy was founded in 2002. Initially sponsored by Akron Public Schools, the district cut ties in 2013. It went out of business and closed in June 2018 due to strains on the school's budget from repayments to the state.

References

External links
ADA website

School districts in Ohio
School districts in Summit County, Ohio
Education in Akron, Ohio


title: Ibicaba Farm

text:
The Ibicaba Farm (in Portuguese: Fazenda Ibicaba) is one of the most known farms of Brazil. Established in 1817 by senator Nicolau Vergueiro, it was widely known as one of the most macabre symbols of slavery in the province of São Paulo. Afterwards, it became a pioneer in the replacement of the African enslaved by European immigrants' labour and in the use of the steam engine, cart and plough. The Ibicaba has also served as a military headquarters during the Paraguayan War, receiving the Emperor Dom Pedro II, princess Isabel and her husband, the count Gaston of Eu. In the 19th century, it was the stage of a revolt of the European immigrants that worked there, led by Thomas Davatz, a Swiss immigrant. The revolt exposed to the European authorities the conditions in which their former citizens lived in Brazil. By 1882, Italian immigration to Brazil grew significantly, encouraging the aftermost massive immigration of Italians to the whole state of São Paulo, including its capital. In 1890, the farm was bought by the Levy family, and then reduced thanks to the allotment and inheritance conditions. In 1975, the farm was sold to the Carvalhaes family, who still own it today. Since the 1990s, it's being used as a museum and tourist site.

References

Historic sites in Brazil
Limeira
Slavery in Brazil


title: Pestak

text:
Pestak (, also Romanized as Pestāk) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 12 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Purjangi, Khash

text:
Purjangi (, also Romanized as Pūrjangī) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Qaderabad, Irandegan

text:
Qaderabad (, also Romanized as Qāderābād; also known as Ghāder Abad) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 13, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Qanat-e Mir Qalandar

text:
Qanat-e Mir Qalandar (, also Romanized as Qanāt-e Mīr Qalandar; also known as Mīr Qalandar) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 407, in 83 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Purjangi

text:
Purjangi () may refer to:
 Purjangi, Khash
 Purjangi, Zahedan


title: Alveopora

text:
Alveopora is a genus of colonial stony corals in the family Acroporidae. Members of this genus are native to the Indo-Pacific region and are often found on reef slopes in turbid water. They are generally uncommon.

Characteristics
Alveopora has a very light and porous skeleton consisting of interconnecting rods and spines. The colonies are either massive or branching and often have irregular shapes. The corallites have walls that are very perforated and septa that are mostly composed of fine spines which may meet in the centre forming a tangle of columella. The polyps are large and fleshy and are normally extended both day and night. They have twelve tentacles, often with swollen knob-like tips. They have symbiotic zooxanthellae in their tissues and are usually white, pale grey, cream or light brown, sometimes with contrasting coloured tentacles.

Species
This genus contains the following species:

Alveopora allingi Hoffmeister, 1925
Alveopora catalai Wells, 1968
Alveopora daedalea (Forsskål, 1775)
Alveopora excelsa Verrill, 1864
Alveopora fenestrata (Lamarck, 1816)
Alveopora gigas Veron, 1985
Alveopora japonica Eguchi, 1968
Alveopora marionensis Veron & Pichon, 1982
Alveopora minuta Veron, 2000
Alveopora noamiae  Nemenzo, 1979
Alveopora ocellata Wells, 1954
Alveopora simplex
Alveopora spongiosa Dana, 1846
Alveopora superficialis Pillai & Scheer, 1976
Alveopora tizardi Bassett-Smith, 1890
Alveopora verrilliana Dana, 1846
Alveopora viridis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

References

Acroporidae
Scleractinia genera
Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville


title: Rahmanabad, Irandegan

text:
Rahmanabad (, also Romanized as Raḩmānābād) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 125, in 33 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Rishpesh

text:
Rishpesh (, also Romanized as Rīshpesh) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 24 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Randak

text:
Randak () is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 342, in 81 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County


title: Rasulabad, Irandegan

text:
Rasulabad (, also Romanized as Rasūlābād) is a village in Kahnuk Rural District, Irandegan District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 180, in 44 families.

References

Populated places in Khash County