The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is an autonomous organization acting as a nodal agency for basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of horticulture such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms in India. The institute has its headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India and is a subsidiary of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, under the Ministry of Agriculture, India. It recently has been ranked 1st for the combined years 2019-20 and 2020-21 by the ICAR.

History

The IIHR, the first horticultural research institute in the country under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), was established on 5 September 1967 at New Delhi. Later, the base of IIHR was moved to Hesaraghatta located  from Bangalore in Karnataka, on 1 February 1968, by merging the institute with National Horatorium of Govt. of Karnataka which was the premises of the Fruit Research Station,  Hesaraghatta established in 1938 by HC Javaraya. The institute is spread over a land area of 263 hectares. Dr. Gurubachan Singh Randhawa was the first founding director of the institute from 1967 to 1980.

Mandate
The institute is mandated to :
 Undertake basic and applied research for developing strategies to enhance productivity and utilization of tropical and sub-tropical horticulture crops viz., fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms.
 Serve as a repository of scientific information relevant to horticulture.
 Act as a centre for training for up gradation of scientific manpower in modern technologies for horticulture production.
 Collaborate with national and international agencies in achieving the above objectives.

Service profile - Agriculture Technology Information Center
The institute offers various services, consolidated under the umbrella of the Agriculture Technology Information Center (ATIC).

Farmers’ Advisory services : The service envisages identification of farmers' problems, analysis and advising suitable corrective measures.

Diagnostics :
Diagnosis of diseases of various horticultural crops and advice on their control and management.

Supply of Video Films : Distribution of video films to the farmers and organizations for updating knowledge on modern technologies.

Supply of Publications : The institute has published many illustrated leaflets and bulletins for dissemination of crop information to the farmers. The publications are made in English, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu.

Supply of Computer floppies and print outs : The institute has also made information available on floppy disks and as print-outs.

Supply of seeds: Supply of seeds in packets are also undertaken by the institute.

Divisions

Fruit Crops

The division deals with improvement of production technology of mango, grapes, pineapple, guava, papaya, pomegranate, ber, annona and citrus.

Mandate
 Carry out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity, quality and utility of fruit crops in tropical agro-climatic zones of India.
 Act as Repository of fruit genetic resources and their management.
 Transfer of technologies and study their impact.
 Conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources.
 Use ICT in scientific information and knowledge.

Vegetable Crops

The vegetable Crops division carries out research, developing high yielding vegetable varieties / hybrids through crop improvement programmes with an emphasis on minimizing the cost. The division has five breeding laboratories and a production technology laboratory.

Mandate
 Breeding for high yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in vegetable crops
 Breeding for improved quality attributes like extended shelf life, processing and nutritional qualities
 Developing improved production technology, including organic farming in vegetable crops and off season vegetable production in open field and in poly house / protected cultivation.

Flower and Medicinal Crops

The focus of the division is on development of new varieties of ornamental crops with a view to enhance export earning. The division also addresses issues like Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights.

Mandate
 Carrying out basic and strategic research, for enhancing productivity and quality of ornamental crops
 To act as a repository of genetic resources in ornamental crops
 To undertake front line demonstration in new technologies evolved and to impart training for upgrading scientific knowledge of technical personnel involved in floriculture enterprises

Crop Protection

The Plant Pathology division attends to basic and applied research for the management of diseases by microorganisms. Fully equipped laboratories are set up to combat the fungal, bacterial, viral, viroid and phytoplasma diseases of fruit crops, vegetable crops, ornamental and medicinal crops. The division also imparts training to agricultural extension officers and farmers.

Mandate
 Division of Plant Pathology will continue to maintain the vigil to meet emerging challenges due to rapid crop diversification, increased farming, increased germplasm movement and climate change, which are bringing changes to host-pathogen dynamics leading to emergence and reemergence of plant pathogens in horticultural Crops.
 Development of Diagnostics and to offer diagnostic services to SAUs, Farmers and Private seed and Tissue culture industries. Also to severe as a center for quarantine issues and phytosanitary certification.
 Continue to provide solutions and research leads to the plant disease problems in horticultural crops, understand disease epidemiology and develop durable disease management strategies.
 Develop rapid screening methods for identification of resistance sources and to use in breeding for disease resistance.
 Continue our collaboration with international and national institutions for data on the distribution of plant diseases and the emergence of new diseases, essential to develop and/or modify existing methods of diagnosis for effective disease management strategies.
 To provide training and services to farmers, extension agents, researchers in NARS and students to strengthen the human resource development specially for disease management in horticultural crops.
 Agro/ lignocellulosic waste management through the production of edible and medicinal mushrooms.
 Utilization of mushrooms for malnutrition management through the production of mushroom nutraceuticals.
 Enhancing input efficiency of energy, water and manpower in  mushroom production processes through mechanization.
 Documentation and conservation of the indigenous macrofungi wealth of the country
 Making mushroom production enterprise zero waste enterprise through the utilization of mushroom cultivation process wastes for various beneficial purposes
 To provide support through training and quality spawn to entrepreneurs, institutions, NGOs, State departments and KVKs.
 To carry out basic and strategic research for the management of pests of Horticultural crops (vegetables, fruits, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic crops).
 To Develop Integrated Pest Management packages and Integrated Nematode Management packages by emphasizing ecofriendly pest management.
 To conduct teaching and training programs for development of human resources in pest management.
 To develop innovative products and commercialize the same through ITMU and public and private partnership (PPP).

Basic Sciences

The Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry is the arm of IIHR that deal with tissue culture, molecular biology, pesticide residue and food microbiology.

Mandate
 To undertake basic and applied research on physiological and biochemical aspects of horticultural crops with particular reference to physiology of growth, development, yield and quality.
 To assess the impact of climate change on crop productivity and quality.

Natural Resources

The division studies the nutrient requirement of horticultural crops and to develop suitable agro techniques for vegetable crops. It houses many laboratories viz., Soil Chemistry, Soil Salinity, Micronutrient, Leaf Analysis, Isotope, Water Management, Soil Microbiology, Microbiology and Pesticide Residue Laboratories.

Mandate
 Carry out research on the nutrient requirement  and management of different horticultural crops and to develop suitable INM packages for enhancing productivity.
 Carry out the basic and strategic research to sustain  soil health in horticultural ecosystems.
 Development of leaf nutrient diagnostic norms and precision farming protocols for need based nutrient management.
 Utilization of microbes for improvement of crop production and residue management
 Pesticide residue management in horticultural crops and related environment.
 Teaching, training and extension of services for students and farming community.

Social Sciences and Training
E and T division operated as an Advanced Training Center of the Directorate of Extension, Government of India (1997-2003) and  was the Trainers Training Center of the Indian Council and Agricultural Research from 1976 to 1997. It looks after the training and extension activities of IIHR.

Mandate
 To disseminate improved horticultural technologies through use of different extension methodologies.
 To provide training to the farmers and horticultural officials in improved horticultural technologies.
 To undertake research on socio-economic issues of horticultural farmers.
 To conduct studies on gender mainstreaming in horticulture.

Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering
The division started as the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Microbiology and Postharvest Technology in 1978 which was later renamed as the Division of Postharvest Technology. The research work in the division focusses on handling and storage, processing, microbiology and cut flowers.

Objectives
 To carry out basic and applied research on postharvest management and extension of self-life of  fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.
 To develop technologies/processes for value addition,  product diversification and waste utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.
 To carry out research  to ensure microbiological quality and safety in fresh and processed products.
 To conduct teaching and training for capacity building of scientific manpower and  for development of human resources as well as to serve as repository of scientific information in the areas of postharvest horticulture.
 To develop innovative products/processes  and commercialize the same through ITMU and Public and Private Partnership (PPP).

Sections
Biotechnology
The Division of Biotechnology is now merged with the Division of Basic Sciences, which focusses on research on Gene discovery, regeneration and transgenics, Molecular markers, Marker Assisted Selection, Functional Genomics, Bioinformatics and Endophytic molecular microbiology. Specific areas of work include:
 development of molecular markers for okra and markers for root-stock identification in citrus
 development of BT transgenic brinjal and tomato
 cloning of genes for fungal resistance and transgenic development
 development of embryogenic suspension of banana and GM banana for Fusarium wilt resistance
 development of GM tomato, papaya and watermelon for virus resistance
 development of GM tomato, papaya & watermelon for virus resistance
 elucidation of ubiquitous association of endophytic microorganisms in vivo and in vitro
 discovery of periplasmic bacteria in banana
Plant Genetic Resources

The division is involved in exploration, introduction, exchange, evaluation, characterization and conservation of horticultural plant growth regulators. IIHR claims to have introduced 22,080 accessions in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals & Medicinal and Aromatic Plant species. It also works on enrichment of germplasm from wild sources through exploration missions.

A Pollen Cryobank was established under the division for long term cryogenic preservation of crops which was featured in the Limca Book of Records in 2001. A Field Gene Bank (FGB) also works under the division and the division supports establishment FGBs for Mango, Guava and Jackfruit crops.

Mandate
 To act as a regional center for acquisition and management of indigenous and exotic horticultural plant genetic resources (PGR).
 To carry out related research and human resource development for sustainable growth of horticulture in the country.

Seed Science and Technology: to conduct research on seed production and quality aspects of horticultural crops with a mandate:
 Seed Production
 Seed Quality Testing and Storage
 Seed Protection
 Seed Physiology

Agricultural Engineering: to develop and maintain IIHR farm and to establish workshop for research and development in Farm Machinery with a mandate to:
 Development of cultivation and processing machinery for horticultural crops.
 Development cultivation machinery for horticultural crops inside greenhouses.
 Development suitable greenhouses for cultivation of horticultural crops.
 Imparting knowledge and training to the scientists, farmers, students and stake holders for use of horticultural machinery.

Medicinal Crops: to undertake research work is on the genetic improvement of commercially important medicinal and aromatic crops and standardization of agro-technology. It holds the mandate to:
 Enrichment, documentation and Conservation of diversity in medicinal Crops.
 Genetic amelioration for yield and quality.
 Organic production technologies.
 Photochemical analysis

Economics and Statistics: undertakes research work on economic aspects and statistical models. The section is associated in collaborative or co-investigative research at the institute level as well as in external projects. It is also involved in the post graduate collaboration in education and research with University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, and University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot. The section has a mandate :
 To undertake socio-economic research in horticultural crops. viz., economics of production, marketing and trade.
 To develop statistical models for horticultural crop research and computer application in horticultural crops.

Regional stations

Central Horticultural Experiment Stations (CHES)
IIHR operates three CHESs under its wing.

CHES Chettalli: The station works on the mandate crop of mandarin out of an area of 92 hectares in Coorg. The other crops of interest are papaya and passion fruit and minor fruits like rambutan, pummelo, avocado, mangosteen, karonda, Malayan apple and Garcinia. The station is also involved in the floricultural of rose, asters, gladiolus and orchids.

CHES Bhubaneshwar is located at Bhubaneswar, Odisha and conducts research on applied and strategic aspects of horticultural crops. It also develops sustainable technologies suitable for the farmers of eastern region of the country in general and the state of Odisha in particular.

CHES Hirehalli is located at Hirehalli, near Tumkur in Karanataka.

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)
There are two KVKs functioning under IIHR.

KVK Gonikoppal: This KVK is located at Virajpet taluk which is 50 km away from Madikeri and 92 km away from Mysore. It covers a total area of 17.5 hectares with office, laboratories, library and staff quarters and has  demonstrations units like  coffee based cropping system, Arecanut, Banana, Coorg mandarin, Papaya, Sapota, Guava, different vegetables, ployhouse, Piggery, Goatery and fodder block.

KVK Hirehalli: The KVK is located at Hirehalli, in Tumkur District, approximately 58 km from Bangalore on the Bangalore-Poona National Highway (NH-4). The KVK extends to a total area of the Kendra is 16.24 hectares and has an office cum-laboratory building, library, staff quarters, polyhouses, shed nets, threshing yard, nursery and landscaping.

All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits
The All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits is a research program where the Central research institutes and the State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) work as a team to find solutions to various problems related to a specific topic. IIHR is the hosting central institute for All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits

Seed Portal

The institute makes its seeds and planting materials through its exclusive ICAR-IIHR Seed Portal for public. It has also integrated with SBI YONO app.

National Horticulture Fair

Every year since 2018, the institute is organizing National Horticulture Fair (NHF) under various themes for showcasing its technologies to the farmers and entrepreneurs. About 50,000 people had visited the fair in the year 2020 which was organized under the theme 'Horticulture: Making Farming an Enterprise'.  In 2021, NHF's theme was 'Horticulture: For Stand-up and Start-up India' and had a footfall of 56,000. In the year 2021, the fair went online. However, the 2023's fair is under the theme, Innovative Horticultrue for Self-Reliance and its from Feb 22-25, 2023.

Arka Samachar

For the benefit of the farmers and other stakeholders and also to share and showcase various latest horticultural production technologies, the institute brings out monthly program on its YouTube channel[11] in seven languages viz., Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam & Odia. The programme episodes will be made live every month on second Friday with the new content coinciding with the monthly horticultural operations in the country.

Scholarly societies
The institute houses two scholarly societies viz., Society for Promotion of Horticulture (SPH]) which publishes Journal of Horticultural Sciences (JHS) and Association for Advancement for Pest Management of Horticultural Ecosystems (AAPMHE) which publishes Pest Management In Horticultural Ecosystems (PMHE) peer reviewed journals to communicate the latest research outputs publicly in open access mode.

Facilities
 In addition to dedicated Food Safety Referral Laboratory, 65 purpose oriented laboratories with equipment like electron microscope, ultra centrifuge, HPLC, GLC, LC counter etc.
 Infrastructure facilities such as a series of poly houses and net houses, growth chambers, mist chambers, cold storage facilities, gene bank, local area network with video conferencing facilities, Seed processing and nursery units.
 Plant phenomics facility
Modern library
 Conference hall
 Auditorium
 Training hostel

The campus also hosts other amenities like Bank, Hospital and staff quarters.

Achievements
IIHR is credited with the development of 170 varieties and hybrids of horticultural crops and many sustainable production, protection and post harvest management technologies.

Fruit Crops : Three varieties in papaya, five hybrids in mango, three varieties in guava, five hybrids in grapes, one variety each in pomegranate, annona, ber and passion fruit. IIHR has released a high yielding pink fleshed Arka Prabhat papaya hybrid, Arka Kiran, a red fleshed hybrid guava and Arka Sahan, a hybrid of annona with large globules and less seeds.

Vegetable Crops : The institute has developed and released 60 high yielding open pollinated varieties and 15 F1 hybrids in 24 vegetable crops resistant to pests and diseases for commercial cultivation. Some of them are:
 Arka Manik of Watermelon – triple resistant to pests and diseases
 Arka Anamika in okra resistant to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus.
 Arka Komal of French bean resistant to rust.
 Arka Vikas tomato variety.
 Arka Ananya, a tomato hybrid with combined resistant to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and Bacterial wilt.
 Arka Niketan and Arka Kalyan in onion.
 Arka Meghana chilli hybrids tolerant to thrips and viruses.
 Arka Suphal of chilli tolerant to powdery mildew.
 Arka Swetha, a high yielding male sterility base chilli hybrid.
 Arka Anand, bacterial wilt brinjal hybrid.
 Arka Lalima and Arka Kirthima, high yielding onion hybrids based on male sterility.

Ornamental Crops : IIHR has evolved improved varieties of gladiolus, chrysanthemum, bougainvillea, hibiscus, tube rose, rose, China aster, carnation, gerbera and crossandra. They have also developed China aster varieties such as Poornima, Kamini, Vilet cushion and Shashank and tube rose cultivars like Shringar, Suvasini, Prajwal and Vibahv and a crossandra variety by name Arka Ambara.

Mushrooms : IIHR is credited with the development of a spore less mutant of oyster mushroom, milky mushroom, Jews ear mushroom and a medicinal mushroom.

Production Technology : Some of the achievements of IIHR in the field of production technology are:
 Standardization of high density planting of bananas and pineapple.
 Grape root dog ridge, a new practice in dry land grape cultivation.
 Standardization of integrated water and nutrient management schedules like drip irrigation, fertigation, application of fertilizer in the active root feeding zone.
 Standardization of leaf and petiole diagnostics.
 Standardization of technology for foliar nutrition of micro nutrients and developed nutrients like mango special, banana special, citrus special and vegetable special.
 Curative efforts against the causative factors for occurrence of Spongy tissue, a major problem in mango.
 Biofertilizers such as PSB, Azospirallium and VAM.

Plant Protection : Plant protection technologies standardized or developed by IIHR are:
 Pest management using trap crops like African marigold for control of tomato fruit borer.
 Mustard for control of DBM in Cole crops.
 Plant products like neem soap and pongamia soap for control of major pests.
 Bio-control agents and micro organisms like Trichoderma, Pseudonymous fluorescence, Paecilomyces lilacinus etc. for control of soil borne diseases and nematodes.
 Pheromone trap for the mango fruit fly.
 Integrated disease management protocols and diagnostic kits for viruses.

Post Harvest Technology : IIHR has contributed to the standardization of Post Harvest Technology as:
 Extension the storage life of fruits and crops at various temperatures.
 Protocol for MOP and shrink wrapping technology.
 Protocols for preparation of osmo-dehydrated products.
 Fruit based beverages like mango squash, passion fruit squash, anona squash, passion fruit and banana blends.
 Culinary pastes and purees.
 Lactic acid fermentation of vegetables.
 Protocols for minimally processed foods.
 Technology for production of tomato, colored capsicum, cucumbers and melons under protected conditions.
 The technology for production of nursery seedlings using pro trays.
 Macro propagation protocols for various crops.
 Nucleic acid probes for many viruses.
 DNA fingerprinting techniques for characterization and documentation of germplasm.

Machineries : IIHR has developed machineries the following purposes.
 Nursery raising
 Seed sowing
 Seedling transplanting
 Weeding
 Harvesting of fruit crops
 Pickle making
 Mushroom spawn production

Awards and recognitions
IIHR has been awarded and recognized as:
 Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 1998 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
 Sardar Patel Outstanding ICAR Institution Award 2010 from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
 Recognized as the post graduate research and training centre in horticulture by six universities.
 Second Prize in the field of Official Language Implementation for the year 2012-13 from Town Official Language Implementation Committee, Bangalore.
 BAGWANI, the Official Language Magazine of the institute, received the Best in house Magazine Award for the year 2011–2012.
 The pollen Cryo-Bank of the institute features in the Limca Book of Records 2001.
 Recognized as DBT-ICAR National Facility for virus –diagnosis and quality control in tissue culture plants.
 Recognized as the Phyto-sanitary certification agency for seeds and planting materials.

See also
 Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Forest Science Centres

References

External links

Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Horticultural organisations based in India
Agricultural research institutes in India
Research institutes in Bangalore
Research institutes established in 1967
1967 establishments in Mysore State


title: Action of 30 September 1780

text:
The action of 30 September 1780 was a minor naval engagement off the Bermudas, where  captured Espérance, a French frigate of 32 guns launched in 1779.

HMS Pearl under the command of George Montagu was sent out to North America, and on 30 September 1780, soon encountered a frigate off the Bermudas. As Pearl closed Montagu cleared for action and engaged close for two hours, then maintained a running fight for a further two hours and more when the frigate struck.

The prize turned out to be the French frigate Espérance of about 850 tons of thirty-two guns consisting of twelve- and six-pounders, nearly 200 men and with a valuable cargo heading from Cape Francois to Bordeaux. Espérance lost 20 killed and 24 wounded as well as the crew and marines captured, while Pearls losses were six killed and ten wounded. The captured French frigate was put into Royal Naval service and renamed HMS Clinton.

References

Bibliography

Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War
Naval battles involving France
Naval battles involving Great Britain
Conflicts in 1780
History of Bermuda


title: Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen

text:
Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen, established in the 1940s in downtown Milwaukie, Oregon, United States, at 10607 S.E. Main St., became the first black-owned and operated bakery in the state when Hurtis Mixon Hadley, Sr., and his wife Dorothy Butler-Bishop Hadley of Portland, Oregon purchased it in 1977. At that time, there were fewer than two percent African-Americans in the state and even fewer Black-owned businesses. The Oregon Historical Society Museum selected the Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen for inclusion in a permanent exhibit in 2014.

Historical context
Historically, Oregon's exclusion laws and institutional practices prohibited non-whites from settling in the state. Even after those laws were repealed in 1926, few African-Americans lived in Oregon. Black workers were attracted to Portland's shipyards between 1939 and 1945 to support the war effort, but discriminatory lending practices and segregationist real estate policies limited opportunities for Black individuals to own businesses.

Racial attitudes were slow to change. "Reflecting national trends resulting from the Civil Rights Movement, Portland's African-Americans began to receive more equal treatment in the 1950s. New areas of potential employment where they had traditionally been excluded opened." The 1950 U.S. census records less than one percent of Oregon's population was African American; by 1990 it was about 1.7 percent.

In 1959, Oregon voters finally ratified the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits states from denying citizens the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 also ensured greater opportunities and access for minority citizens. More than a decade later, Hurtis Mixon Hadley and his wife Dorothy Butler-Bishop Hadley purchased the Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen and opened it for business. According to the Portland Observer, "Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen was not only the sole black-owned business in the city of Milwaukie at the time, but it was also the first black-owned bakery in the entire state of Oregon."

Hadley learned his trade in Oregon's three-year Baker's Technology and Apprenticeship program, completing and graduating from the program in two years, making him the first Black person in Oregon to be state-certified as a journeyman baker. As part of the apprenticeship program, Hadley attended Portland Community College, where he earned an Associate Degree in Baking Technology. According to the Northwest Labor Press, Hadley "...worked at several Albertsons in-store bakeries before accepting a job at the grocer as bakery manager/bakery trainer for the Oregon division. He had his eye on becoming a district manager, but was told at the time, 'Oregon isn't ready for a person of color in that position,' he said."

Bakery operations, 1977 to 1985

Although the Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen had been founded in the 1940s, when the Hadleys purchased it in 1977, the shop had been closed for several years because of the owner's illness. One of the previous owners had been Einar "Ed" Carlson, a Swedish immigrant who had also baked at Tradewell stores before retiring in 1969.

According to proprietor Hurtis Hadley, Sr., his first year owning the bakery was tough. Not everyone was pleased "to have an accomplished black couple in their midst at the time, or black people at all in the mostly white town." During that year, he was even falsely accused of robbing another business. Hadley said that after that first year, "business and the general reception, he and his wife received improved."

Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen was a full-line bakery that offered specialty breads, assorted pastries, and creative birthday and wedding cakes. One of the bakery's featured specialties was "Cake On Wheels" in which Hurtis Hadley delivered a specialty cake dressed in a top hat and tails. He also sang a customized song for the person and/or occasion. Hadley baked and Dorothy Hadley, a former licensed cosmetologist, managed the front of the store and coordinated the catering service. The bakery's slogan was "Put a Little Soul in Your Roll!"

A photograph of the Hadleys in their bakery appeared in The Oregonian newspaper in 1979. It was used to illustrate an article, "Slogans Under Foot" about custom doormats such as the one at the bakery. The Hadleys' doormat featured the bakery slogan and an image of a baker carrying a steaming loaf of bread.

Bakery closing, 1985
For eight years the bakery provided pastries to the Milwaukie community, but the business closed in 1985 following the national recession during Ronald Reagan's presidency. The Milwaukie Pastry Kitchen was selected for inclusion in the Oregon Historical Society Museum permanent exhibit, "Oregon Voices: Change and Challenge in Modern Oregon History," in 2014.

See also
 Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States

References

Further reading

 Loving, Lisa (July 25, 2014). "Local Business Owners Honored by Oregon Historical Society". The Skanner (Portland, Oregon: The Skanner News Group)
 Rendleman, Raymond (August 29, 2014). "Couple made history with Milwaukie bakery". Clackamas Review (Portland, Oregon: Pamplin Media Group)

1940s establishments in Oregon
1985 disestablishments in Oregon
African-American history of Oregon
Bakeries of Oregon
Companies based in Milwaukie, Oregon
Defunct restaurants in the United States
Privately held companies based in Oregon


The 1945 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards ceremony was held in Buenos Aires on 4 January 1945  to honour the best films and contributors to Argentine cinema in 1944.

Awards given
Best Film  (Mejor Película): Su mejor alumno
Best Director  (Mejor Director): Lucas Demare for Su mejor alumno
Best Actor  (Mejor Actor): Enrique Muiño for Su mejor alumno
Best Actress  (Mejor Actriz): Mirtha Legrand for La pequeña señora de Pérez
Best Actor in a Comic Role  (Mejor Actor Cómico): Pepe Iglesias for Mi novia es un fantasma
Best Supporting Actor  (Mejor Actor de Reparto): Sebastián Chiola for The Corpse Breaks a Date (El muerto falta a la cita)
Best Supporting Actress  (Mejor Actriz de Reparto): Elsa O'Connor for El deseo
Best Original Screenplay (Mejor Guión Original): Roberto Talice, Eliseo Montaine for Centauros del pasado
Best Adapted Screenplay (Mejor Guión Adaptado): Ulises Petit de Murat, Homero Manzi for  Su mejor alumno
Best Cinematography (Mejor Fotografía): Adolfo W. Slazy for Pachamama
Best Sound (Mejor Sonido): Mario Fezia for 24 horas en la vida de una mujer
Best Music (Mejor Music): Alejandro Gutiérrez del Barrio for Pachamama
Best Camera Operator (Mejor Càmara): Humberto Peruzzi for Su mejor alumno
Best Foreign Film (Mejor Película Extranjera): Leo McCarey's Going My Way (1944)

References

External links
1945 Argentinean Film Critics Association Awards at the Internet Movie Database

Argentine Film Critics Association Awards ceremonies
1945 in Argentina
1944 film awards


title: Bellair, Missouri

text:
Bellair is an unincorporated community in Cooper County, Missouri, United States. The community is on Missouri Route 5, approximately ten miles south-southwest of Boonville.

History
Bellair was founded in the 1840s by T. P. Airbell, and named for him. A post office called Bellair was established in 1849, then was changed to Bell Air in 1864, and the post office closed in 1906.

References

Unincorporated communities in Cooper County, Missouri


title: Listed buildings in Ridley, Cheshire

text:
Ridley is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains two buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the other is at Grade II.  The parish is almost entirely rural, its listed buildings consisting of the gatehouse of a former country house, and a school.

Key

Buildings

References

Citations

Sources

Listed buildings in the Borough of Cheshire East
Lists of listed buildings in Cheshire


title: Lumen Christi College, Perth

text:
Lumen Christi College  is an independent Roman Catholic coeducational secondary day school, located the Perth south-eastern suburb of Martin, Western Australia.

The school provides a religious and general education to students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school has five houses, Campbell, Mackillop, Salvado, Tangney & Yagan.

History
The school was founded in 1984 with its first intake of 150 Year 8 students. The school currently has a six-stream enrolment of over 900 students ranging from Years 7–12.

See also

 List of schools in the Perth metropolitan area
 Catholic education in Australia

References

Catholic secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia
Educational institutions established in 1984
1984 establishments in Australia


title: Seehma

text:
Seehma (or Sihma) is a block and village of Narnaul tehsil in Mahendragarh district, Haryana, India.

Demographics
At the 2011 India census, Seehma village had a population of 4,664 (2,422 males (51.92%) and 2,242 females (48.07%)) in 895 households. It a literacy (3,308) rate of 70.92%, less than the national average of 74%: male literacy (1,978) was 59.79% and female literacy (1,330) was 40.2%. 11.23% of the population were under 6 years of age (524).

Nearby villages
 Ajam Nagar
 Akbarpur Ramu
 Atali Atali
 Chhapra Salimpur
 Deroli Ahir
 Dongra Ahir
 Dongra Jat
 Dublana
 DULOTH JAT (metchu)
 Faizabad
 Guwani
 Hudina
 Jat Guwana
 Kalwari
 Khampura
 Khaspur
 Khatripur
 Yogesh
 Mittarpura
 Mundia Khera
 Meerpur
 Nuni Kalan
 Rampura
 Sagarpur
 Saharpur
 Saluni
 Sihma
 Silarpur
 Nidhi
 Surani
 Seoramnathpura

References

Villages in Mahendragarh district


title: Paydown, Missouri

text:
Paydown is an unincorporated community in northeastern Maries County, Missouri, United States.

The community is located along Missouri Route N approximately 2.5 miles northeast of Bend and five miles southwest of Belle. The Gasconade River flows past one-half mile west of the community.

History
Paydown got its start circa 1830 when a large gristmill was built there. According to tradition, the proprietor of the mill required all customers to "pay down" promptly, hence the name. A post office called Pay Down was in operation from 1856 until 1932.

References

Unincorporated communities in Maries County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri


title: John Gilderbloom

text:
John I. "Hans" Gilderbloom is a Dutch American community organizer, academic, author, and researcher. He works as an international consultant on creating livable neighborhoods and cities, owns a real estate company that renovates historic housing, and is a professor of urban and public affairs at the University of Louisville. In 2014 he was nominated as a Fellow of the Scholars Strategy Network housed at Harvard University. He has been ranked as one of the "top 100 urban thinkers in the world."

Early life and education

John Gilderbloom was born in San Mateo, California to parents Murray Edward and Jeanette Lauder Gilderbloom (Dutch Gelderblom). He grew up in San Francisco in a creative environment of writers and musicians. His godfather was Dave Lewis, a Stanford University writing professor who was the co-author of Klute, which won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1970. Mark Dowie, former publisher and editor of Mother Jones was a frequent Sunday guest for family meals. His uncle Clarence W. Gilderbloom was a respected inventor involved in developing patents for early versions of the dishwasher and a motorized Lazy Boy recliner. Another influential relative, Gilderbloom's distant aunt Hanneke Gelderblom, was known as "the Anne Frank that lived" and was featured in the documentary Sex, Drugs, and Democracy. She was elected a Senator in the Netherlands and worked at the International Court of Justice.

Dr. Gilderbloom received his B.A. (1975), M.A. (1978), and Ph.D. (1983) in Sociology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He graduated with the highest GPA in his graduating class (1975) with a straight A average. While at UCSB he took classes from and was mentored by Harvey Molotch, Richard Appelbaum, and took classes from David Harvey (who stayed with him while teaching at UCSB), Christopher Jencks, W. Dennis Keating, Michael Teitz, Jürgen Habermas, Roger Friedland, William Bielby, and William Domhoff.

Community organizer

In  high school, Dr. Gilderbloom worked with protest groups against the Vietnam War, for environmental awareness following the Santa Barbara Oil Spill, and Cesar Chavez in the local Grape Boycott.

In the 1970s Dr. Gilderbloom organized several local, state and national tenant organizations including the California Housing Action and Information Network to help pass rent control laws and other tenant protections. The Foundation for National Progress (Mother Jones) published an organizing manual, Rent Control: A Source Book which was adopted by the emerging tenant movement in the 1980s. Orange County's The Register called it the "Bible" of the rent control movement and it received both praise and attacks from The Nation, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. He later published a book, Community Versus Commodity:  Tenants and the American City on the renters movement with Stella Capek.

Gilderbloom himself has experienced the landlords' wrath.  He was advised to halt his study several times. "You'll never survive to finish your work," one industry lobbyist warned him.  In another instance, a real estate agent wrote one of the  Governor's aides that: "We must find a way to neutralize him [Gilderbloom]."

Today, 10% of the nation's renters are covered by some form of rent control, including these cities Dr. Gilderbloom advocated in: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Berkeley, West Hollywood, and Santa Monica and another 103 cities in New Jersey.

Dr. Gilderbloom interned with Governor Jerry Brown and advocated for the governor to veto legislation prohibiting rent regulations. He later would veto this legislation in the California State Assembly.

Similarly, Dr. Gilderbloom worked with Mitch Snyder, founder of the National Coalition for the Homeless, to block President Ronald Reagan from prohibiting federal funds to cities who have enacted rent control. He co-authored a study demonstrating that rent control was not correlated with increases in the homeless population, refuting William Tucker's research. President Reagan's proposal was defeated in Congress.

Later Dr. Gilderbloom began work in poor neighborhoods to develop affordable, accessible, and attractive housing. He writes about his struggles in Promise and Betrayal: Universities and the Battle for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods.

Academic career

Dr. Gilderbloom is a professor in the Department of Urban and Public Affairs at University of Louisville and director at the Center for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods. His research interests include "[r]esearch methods, statistics, housing, community development, planning and design." Dr. Gilderbloom is also the Director of the Center for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods, a research center in the Urban Studies Institute at University of Louisville that explores ways to create more sustainable communities. He is a frequent collaborate with Dr. William (Billy) Riggs from University of San Francisco.

Dr. Gilderbloom has written and edited five books and countless articles on issues concerning rental housing, poverty, health, community development, and urban policy. His work includes, "50 peer reviewed publications (including several in Journal of Urban Affairs), 30 book chapters, eight authored or co-authored books or journals, and [...] op-ed pieces in Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Sun-Times, USA Today Magazine, Governing Magazine, American Banker, Courier Journal, and many other outlets." His book Rethinking Rental Housing was called "[T]he most significant piece on housing policy written in the last 40 years" by Daniel Lauber, past President of the American Planning Association. A National Housing Institute Survey of Books in Housing Courses found Rethinking Rental Housing to be the most widely chosen book in college housing courses. He later updated the book with new chapters and new numbers called:  Invisible City:  Housing, Poverty, and New Urbanism.
Additionally, Dr. Gilderbloom contributed a chapter on modern Cuban architecture for the Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Architecture which won Planetizen's top ten best books in  planning for 2005 and a chapter on the history of rent strikes for the Encyclopedia of Housing, 2nd edition, which won best reference book award from American Library Association. Dr. Gilderbloom has been consulted by several countries for his work, including Russia, Cuba, Venezuela, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain.

Other work

Clinton Administration
Dr. Gilderbloom consulted with the Clinton Administration on "Clinton's first State of the Union Speech" and "Section 108 programs, Hope VI, and Community Outreach Partnership Programs." He was recognized for his "extraordinary service to the President's Council on Sustainable Development" for his research.

Neighborhood revitalization

Dr. Gilderbloom runs a successful consulting business and has contributed his expertise on numerous neighborhood revitalization projects in West Louisville, Newport (KY), Covington (KY), and Southern Indiana worth over $100 million. His work has been featured in The New York Times. The East Russel Partnership, a collaboration between local organizations; city, state, and federal government; and the Center for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods received the Sierra Club's Best Practices Award, given for smart growth projects for their success in West Louisville. He has also worked with cities to produce "green housing developments" in Louisville, Indianapolis, Muncie, IN; Covington, KY; and Newport, KY.

Real estate

Dr. Gilderbloom has restored 10 historic homes as a part of his business, one of which has been featured in The New York Times and been the set of the movie The Song. His homes are restored using principles of green design.

Recognitions and achievements

Dr. Gilderbloom's research has earned him numerous awards and recognitions throughout his career. His largest recognition was an international survey of planners and city officials of the  Top 100 Urban Thinkers poll conducted by Planetizen, where he was ranked as 63 (placing him in the top forty for living urban thinkers). Additionally, he was chosen as one of the select few academics to be a commentator in Politico's "Arena." He was awarded by the University of Louisville the Presidential Medal for Distinguished Faculty in Research and Creative Activity (2013). In 1997 he was awarded honorary membership in the Phi Kappa Phi for his "outstanding research and character".

In 1982 Dr. Gilderbloom received the American Planning Association Chapter Award for Outstanding Contribution to Planning for his research on inter-city rent differentials and housing policy analysis. A year later in 1983, Dr. Gilderbloom received the Douglas A. McGregor Memorial Award for Outstanding Social Science from the Journal of Applied Behavioral Science for his research paper "Housing Supply and Regulation: A Study of Rental Housing Market", co-written with Dr. Richard Appelbaum.

His work on rent control includes two books, eight scholarly articles, and numerous op-eds in publications including The Wall Street Journal and The Los Angeles Times, making him one of the most outspoken scholars on rent control.

In the summer of 2015, Dr. Gilderbloom was invited to speak on behalf of his work at the Strelka Institute in Moscow, Russia.

Selected publications

Chromatic Homes: The Joy of Color in Historic Places (written by John I. "Hans" Gilderbloom. 2018. University Press of Kentucky)
Chromatic Homes: A Design & Coloring Book (John I. "Hans" Gilderbloom. 2019. University Press of Kentucky)
Invisible City: Housing, Poverty and New Urbanism (written by John I. Gilderbloom. 2008. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press)
 Promise and Betrayal: The University and the Battle for Sustainable Urban Neighborhoods. 2008. Albany, New York: State University New York Press)
 Community Versus Commodity: Tenants and the American City (written by Stella Capek and John I. Gilderbloom. Albany: SUNY Press)
 Rethinking Rental Housing (written by John I. Gilderbloom and Richard Appelbaum. 1988. Philadelphia: Temple University Press)
 Rent Control: A Source Book (edited by John I. Gilderbloom. 1981. San Francisco: Foundation for National Progress, Housing Information Center)

References

1952 births
University of Louisville faculty
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
Living people
People from San Mateo, California
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Sustainable transport pioneers


title: A Good Year for the Roses

text:
"A Good Year for the Roses" is a ballad written by Jerry Chesnut and originally recorded by American country singer George Jones.  It rose to #2 on the country singles chart in 1970.

Background
"A Good Year for the Roses" describes the thoughts of a man as his wife leaves him, and is as good an example as any of Jones' ability to deliver an intensely moving vocal, in this case one that conveys both the sadness and profound bitterness that comes with a broken marriage.  Although recorded while George was with Musicor, the production is typical of the sound Billy Sherrill would employ when Jones moved to Epic Records the following year.  Although supported by a choir of background singers and strings on the chorus, Jones' vocal is the centerpiece throughout, with Chris Woodstra of AllMusic calling it "one of his all-time greatest performances." The lyric, infused by Jones' nuanced delivery, captures the disillusion of the narrator.

Jones recorded two versions of the song; the second can be heard on the A Good Year for the Roses: The Complete Musicor Recordings 1965-1971.  Jones also cut the song with Alan Jackson as a duet in 1994 for the Bradley Barn Sessions, but was disappointed with its reception by country radio, noting in his autobiography, "Alan was white-hot on the radio, and programmers wanted his voice.  But some didn't want his if they had to take mine.  The vast majority of Alan's other single records have gone to number one.  His duet with me was his first not to crack the top 50."  It actually peaked at number 57.  In June 1995, the song won the Music City News Country Awards "Vocal Collaboration of the Year."

Other notable recordings
Elvis Costello scored a No. 6 hit in the UK Singles Chart with the song in 1981.

Video
The video for the Elvis Costello version of the song was shot at The Meldrum House Hotel, Oldmeldrum, Aberdeenshire on Wednesday 29th July 1981. The band were in the north east of Scotland to appear at the Aberdeen Country and Western Club on the 30th July, with the performance to be filmed by LWT Television.

Chart performance

George Jones version

Elvis Costello version

George Jones and Alan Jackson version

References

Bibliography

1970s ballads
1970 songs
1970 singles
1981 singles
1994 singles
George Jones songs
Alan Jackson songs
Musicor Records singles
MCA Nashville Records singles
Song recordings produced by Brian Ahern (producer)
Songs written by Jerry Chesnut
Male vocal duets
Elvis Costello songs
Country ballads


title: The King of the Neighborhood

text:
The King of the Neighborhood (El rey del barrio) is a 1950 Mexican comedy film directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares.

Synopsis
Tin Tan is a highly popular inhabitant of his neighborhood, where he has a faithful band of followers. He's trying to woo Carmelita, the prettiest girl there, and the many mishaps that happen while doing this.

Cast
Germán Valdés - Tin Tan
Silvia Pinal - Carmelita
Marcelo Chávez - Policía
Fannie Kauffman - La Nena
Juan García - El Peralvillo
Yolanda Montes - Herself
Ramón Valdés - El Norteño

External links

1950 films
1950 comedy films
1950s Spanish-language films
Mexican comedy films
Mexican black-and-white films
1950s Mexican films


title: List of historic houses in metropolitan Copenhagen

text:
This list of historic houses in metropolitan Copenhagen provides an overview of historic houses in metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark.

Central Copenhagen

Suburbs

Gentofte Municipality

Gladsaxe Municipality

Hørsholm Municipality

Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality

Rudersdal Municipality

Surroundings

Egedal Municipality

Fredensborg Municipality

Frederikssund Municipality

Furesø Municipality

Gribskov Municipality

Halsnæs Municipality

Helsingør Municipality

Hillerød Municipality

Køge Municipality

See also
 List of historic houses on Funen
 List of historic houses on Lolland
 List of primary schools in Copenhagen

References

Houses in Denmark
Houses
Historic houses


title: DeForest Area School District

text:
The DeForest Area School District is a school district based in the city of DeForest, Wisconsin.

The school district covers approximately 100 square miles, and serves the communities of DeForest and Windsor. It has an enrollment of 3,848, and has a 97% graduation rate. The district administers four elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.

Schools

Secondary

 DeForest Area High School (DAHS)
 DeForest Area Middle School
 Harvest Intermediate School

Elementary

 Eagle Point Elementary School
 Windsor Elementary School
 Yahara Elementary School
 Community-based 4 Year Old Kindergarten

References

School districts in Wisconsin
Education in Dane County, Wisconsin


title: ABAP Unit

text:
ABAP Unit is the xUnit adoption for the ABAP language. ABAP Unit is directly embedded into the ABAP development environment and into the ABAP runtime environment.

In ABAP Unit tests are test methods in dedicated test classes. A test class may contain several test methods. The optional methods SETUP() and TEARDOWN() offer the possibility to manage the context of the unit tests. Usually test classes are local classes within the program under tests. The domain code and the test code share this way the same life cycle and are always in sync. The test code can exercise the domain code of the program but not vice versa. This restriction is checked by ABAP runtime system and ensures the pattern "no test code in productive code".

Test execution for single programs is possible from within the editors. Newer versions of ABAP Unit (>= SAP_BASIS 7.02) offer an integration with coverage metrics and a report to schedule automatic test execution with mail notification. ABAP Unit offers no feature to define test suites programmatically. Mass runs for entire packages can be executed with the Code Inspector integration only.

Sample
class tc_Text_Buffer definition for testing.  "#AU Risk_Level Harmless
  private section.
    methods set_Text_And_Get_Text for testing.
endclass.

class tc_Text_Buffer implementation.
  method set_Text_And_Get_Text.
    constants c_Hello_World type string value 'Hello World'.
    data buffer type ref to zcl_Text_Editor_Buffer.
    create object buffer.
    buffer->set_Text( c_Hello_World ).
    cl_Aunit_Assert=>assert_Equals( act = buffer->text exp = c_Hello_World ).
  endmethod.
endclass.

SAP SE
Unit testing frameworks


title: Robert Lowry Scott

text:
Robert Lowry Scott (born 17 June 1951), is the Lord Lieutenant of County Tyrone.

References

1951 births
Lord-Lieutenants of Tyrone
Living people


title: François Yabré

text:
François Yabré Tobasegnou (born 10 May 1991) is a Burkinabé international footballer who plays as a defender for Romanian Liga I club Oțelul Galați.

Club career
Yabré has played club football for Mjøndalen, Strømmen and Kongsvinger. Ahead of the 2016 season he went on to HamKam. In 2018 he signed for FK Mjølner. He left the club again at the end of the year. He then played for Romanian club Luceafărul Oradea, signing for them in 2019, and leaving the club in 2020.

In August 2020 he signed for Aerostar Bacău. Later that season he moved to Oțelul Galați.

International career
He made his international debut for Burkina Faso in 2013, his only cap to date.

Honours
Oțelul Galați
Liga III: 2021–22

References

1991 births
Living people
Burkinabé men's footballers
Burkina Faso men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Norwegian First Division players
Mjøndalen IF Fotball players
Strømmen IF players
Norwegian Second Division players
Kongsvinger IL Toppfotball players
Hamarkameratene players
FK Mjølner players
Liga I players
Liga II players
CS Luceafărul Oradea players
ACS Viitorul Târgu Jiu players
CS Aerostar Bacău players
Liga III players
ASC Oțelul Galați players
Burkinabé expatriate men's footballers
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
21st-century Burkinabé people


title: Infamous First Light

text:
Infamous First Light is an action-adventure video game developed by Sucker Punch Productions and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 4. The game was announced at the 2014 Electronic Entertainment Expo and was released digitally in August 2014, with a physical release of the game only being released in Europe, Asia and Australia in September 2014. The game is a standalone companion to Infamous Second Son and serves as a prequel.

Played in a third-person perspective,  the player takes control of Abigail "Fetch" Walker (introduced as a supporting character in Second Son), a young woman classed by the Department of Unified Protection as a "conduit" who possesses superhuman powers. In custody of the D.U.P., Fetch is ordered to tell the story of the events leading up to her capture. The player can use their Neon powers to defeat enemies and traverse the environment while completing the game's levels. The game primarily takes place in the streets of a fictionalized version of Seattle and in and around the prison, Curdun Cay.

Infamous First Light received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the protagonist Fetch, with some commenting that she was a better character compared to Second Son protagonist Delsin, while the visuals, controls, gameplay, and challenge arenas were also commended. Criticism was aimed towards the game's story and combat mechanics.

Gameplay
Infamous First Light is an action-adventure game set in an open world environment and played from a third-person perspective, similar to Infamous Second Son; players complete levels, defeat enemies and finish side missions. The player takes control of Abigail "Fetch" Walker , a young "conduit" who possesses superhero-like 'Neon' powers. With a few exceptions, Abigail's powers play identically to Delsin Rowe's Neon powers, but First Light introduces several new features. In Neon races, Fetch can chase down floating balls of Neon gas and Conduit energy called "Lumens" that reward her with skill points to increase her powers. The graffiti mini game from Second Son is present; it has been aesthetically altered to match Fetch's Neon style. In Arena Challenges, both Fetch and Delsin can fight against hordes of holographic enemies. Completing challenges rewards the player with skill points that they can use to upgrade their abilities. Exclusive to the arena is a new enemy faction: Demons, with their own unique powers and abilities.

Plot
Abigail "Fetch" Walker, a young conduit in the D.U.P.'s custody in their prison Curdun Cay, is ordered to give a demonstration of her powers to one Brooke Augustine by battling holographic foes created by fellow Conduit Eugene. Once that is done, Abigail is told to tell the events that led up to her arrest.

Seven years earlier, Abigail was one of the first of the new Conduits who emerge following the Beast's rampage across the countryside. Although her parents tried to cope at first, they were left with few options after Abigail injured one of her classmates by mistake. Abigail's older brother, Brent Walker, immediately grabbed Abigail and ran away with her; the pair turned to drug use to cope but Brent eventually got clean, even going as far as to hide Abigail's stash to help her get clean as well. Brent also made Abigail keep the use of her powers to a minimum to avoid suspicion. For years, Brent worked for gangs to acquire enough funds to buy a boat and sneak across the border from Seattle to Canada, where the D.U.P.'s authority does not extend. However, a gang of Russian mobsters known as the Akurans destroyed the boat, took Brent hostage, and nearly killed Abigail with a bomb.
Using her powers, Abigail survives and begins looking for Brent. Abigail soon meets Shane, one of Brent's old contacts and a small-time drug lord also looking for Brent. Shane takes advantage of Abigail's naivety to use her to win a gang war with the Akurans almost single-handedly. When they find Brent, Shane takes him hostage and forces Abigail to help him cement his hold on Seattle's drug trade. Back in the present, Augustine theorizes that the new powers Abigail develops may be a reaction to extreme trauma to help her cope. On the condition that she show her all of her powers, Augustine allows Abigail to fight holograms of her D.U.P. troops. Once the task is completed, Abigail continues her story.

Another employee of Shane's working for the city's tech support department, named Jenny, offers to help look for Brent. Jenny has narrowed down where Shane is keeping Brent to four shipping crates dotted around the city. Finding the crates not only does Abigail discover that Brent is not in any of them but Shane, already on to them, hunts down and kills Jennifer. Shane has Abigail help him force the police's favor by having Abigail slaughter the police force while he has a sit-down with the chief. The chief agrees to Shane's terms, on the condition that Abigail leaves Seattle and does not come back.

With this, Shane sends Abigail to pick up her brother. Unfortunately it turns out to be a trap where Shane attempts to kill Abigail with a homemade gas chamber; Abigail however is able to pull through and escape. Back in the present, realizing that Abigail is still holding out on her, Augustine decides to send her to another new arena. Taking inspiration from Eugene's love of the Heaven's Hellfire game, Augustine has Abigail fight her literal Demons. Once the third arena is completed, Augustine has Abigail finish the story. The still-alive Abigail "negotiates" a new deal with Shane, he hands over Brent, alive and intact, and she stops tearing apart his gang and operation. Shane has Abigail meet him at the Crocodile where he sticks her with a drug filled needle. In the resulting drugged haze, Abigail accidentally kills Brent, leaving her emotionally distraught and defenseless as the D.U.P. closes in on her.

Back in the present, Augustine reveals that she had known Abigail's story all along, and reveals that she has Shane in custody, while offering Abigail the chance to kill him. Accepting Augustine's offer, Abigail attacks Shane, destroying part of the prison wall in the process. Shane survives and escapes by hijacking an APC, with the D.U.P. and a freed Abigail in hot pursuit. With the D.U.P.'s unwilling assistance, Abigail catches up to Shane and violently kills him, avenging her brother. Augustine, after hearing that Shane had been executed, states that Abigail is 'ready'.

Alongside Eugene and another Conduit named Hank Daughtry, Abigail is released into the military's custody. During the drive, Hank reveals he has smuggled in a bent paper clip to use it to pick their restraints, hijacking the truck, and crashes it at Salmon Bay. Abigail and Eugene escapes, while Hank is left behind as Delsin Rowe approaches him, leading to the events of Second Son.

Development and release
The game began development shortly after the release of Infamous Second Son. Nate Fox said it was an "easy" decision to make First Light. He said protagonist Fetch's "conflicted history and overall attitude made her the perfect fit for a standalone game." Fox also said that making the game was "really fun", and that "everyone already knows how to do everything development-related and the tools are all already in place, so you can go directly to making content." Sucker Punch felt that Fetch's powers were different enough from Second Sons Delsin's powers to warrant a separate game. Even though Fetch's different powers alone provided gameplay variety, during development, Sucker Punch ensured that they felt "fluid" and "very different". Another focus for Sucker Punch was to make the overall tone darker than Second Son. Sucker Punch put Fetch in plenty of harsh situations where she is forced to be herself and fight her way out.

During development, Sucker Punch placed a heavy emphasis on the characterization of protagonist Abigail 'Fetch' Walker. Sucker Punch worked extensively with Fetch's voice actress Laura Bailey throughout the development of the game, often asking for her input in specific situations. The game's director Nate Fox stated: "When it came time to put in dialogue or talk about motivations, we called Laura Bailey or texted her. She would tell me what would be Fetch's view so it was accurate to the character, but also accurate to a woman's experience." After the release of Second Son, Sucker Punch felt "compelled" to make a game about Fetch; Fox stated: "We made a game about Fetch because we liked Fetch."

The game was announced at E3 2014 and was released worldwide digitally via the PlayStation Store on August 27, 2014. It was later released at retail only in Australia, Asia and Europe on September 10, 2014. Players who pre-ordered the game received a bonus costume for protagonist Fetch called "D.U.P. Fetch".

Reception

Infamous First Light received "mixed or average" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

Destructoid's Chris Carter gave the game a positive review. He scored an 8.5 out of 10 and stated: "Full stop, inFamous First Light is more Second Son, which is a good thing. Although I wasn't nearly as invested in Fetch as I was with Delsin's story, this is a great way for fans to return to the super-powered world of Seattle, and an even better way for newcomers to get a taste of the series."

Eurogamer's Dan Whitehead gave the game a mixed score of 6/10 saying: "First Lights weird, limbo nature makes it a hard one to pin down. Considered as a DLC add-on, it's pretty generous and fans of Second Son will certainly appreciate the extra backstory and another chance to romp around Seattle. As a standalone game, it earns points for trimming the fat from the open-world template, but is also as generic as they come. First Light is an adequate diversion for fans but unlikely to dazzle anybody else."

Andrew Reiner of Game Informer gave the game a positive score of 8/10 in his review. He summed up his review by saying: "InFamous First Light lacks some of the punch of Second Son in its campaign battles and familiar narrative marks, but is still a welcome addition to the series. Fetch is a fantastically written character, and the conclusion to her origin story is worth seeing in its entirety – even if you already know what happens. Sucker Punch did a phenomenal job with the finale."

Kevin VanOrd of GameSpot gave the game a 6/10 in his review. He called protagonist Fetch an "engaging heroine", said the "Silky-smooth combat and locomotion make it a pleasure to move around Seattle", and said "blasting Department of Unified Protection guards and digital demons, is an absolute blast". He did however criticize the game for being too easy, saying: "Once you max out your homing missiles you can sleepwalk your way through challenge arenas." He also called the mission design "uninspired" and disliked the characterization and dialogue.

VideoGamer.com's Jamie Trinca scored the game a 7 out of 10, writing: "First Light is Second Son with most of the fat trimmed, making it ideal for newcomers." Trinca had positive comments about protagonist Fetch; he mostly praised the character for not being a generic male who is tasked with saving the world, writing: "I like Fetch. She's infinitely more interesting than Delsin Rowe — she's a flawed anti-hero, who has come to be defined by some extraordinarily bad decisions." Trinca also thought the visuals were among the best on PlayStation 4, and complimented the cheap price, but felt the game lacked variety and featured repetitive gameplay.

Dan Stapleton of IGN gave the game a 7.5 out of 10, praising the challenge maps, the story, the protagonist, Fetch, and the new powers. He summed up his review by saying: "InFamous First Light is a decent story around a better character than Second Son, but its battles don't have the same scale or superpower variety that Second Sons do. After the short campaign, its challenge maps put a new spin on combat by taking away your ability to escape danger on a whim, making it much tougher."

Polygon's Philip Kollar gave Infamous First Light an 8 out of 10 in his review. He said: "Despite how nicely their stories slot into one another, the ideal scenario for playing InFamous First Light is to have never touched Second Son. This works best as an introductory package for newcomers to the Infamous series, a tightly-wound, dramatic story with solid action and very little in the way of excess. It's not different enough from the Infamous game that released earlier this year to totally stand out, but it doesn't suffer much for that similarity."

Daniel Bischoff of Game Revolution gave the game a glowing review. "That inFamous First Light echoes the main game's themes of siblings and what it means to lose family struck me deeply," Bischoff said, "especially as brotherhood has taken on different meanings for me over the years. With it written into the character's backstory, fans might know what to expect; still, I can't help but feel for Fetch above all else. Her imprisonment and Sucker Punch's use of a familiar location at the crux of this story breathe new life into neon-powered gameplay loops that had already proven themselves one of the best open-world mechanics yet." Bischoff scored the game a 4.5 out of 5.

References

External links
 Infamous: First Light at PlayStation.com

2014 video games
3D platform games
Action-adventure games
Infamous (series)
Open-world video games
PlayStation 4-only games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 4 Pro enhanced games
PlayStation Network games
Dystopian video games
Interquel video games
Organized crime video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Superheroine video games
Video game prequels
Video games about the illegal drug trade
Video games about revenge
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games set in the United States
Video games using Havok
Video game downloadable content
Single-player video games


title: Autism CARES Act of 2014

text:
The Combating Autism Reauthorization Act of 2014 or Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2014 or Autism CARES Act of 2014 (; ) is a United States federal law that amended the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize research, surveillance, and education activities related to autism spectrum disorders (autism) conducted by various agencies within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The bill authorizes $1.3 billion in funding for fiscal years 2015–2019.

The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. On August 8, 2014, President Barack Obama signed the bill into law. The program and funding was once again reauthorized in 2019 with revisions.

Background

The "autism spectrum" or "autistic spectrum" describes a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders in the fifth revision of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5).  The DSM-5, published in 2013, redefined the autism spectrum to encompass the previous (DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses of autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), childhood disintegrative disorder, and Rett syndrome. These disorders are characterized by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays.

A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study found that 1 in every 59 American children have autism.

The first federal autism research programs were created by the Autism Statistics, Surveillance, Research and Epidemiology Act ().

Provisions of the law
The law reauthorizes for five years existing federal autism research and assistance programs that would otherwise expire on October 1, 2014.

The law requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to assign a deputy to be in charge of organizing and monitoring all federal research and autism services to ensure that they do not overlap and duplicate each other. This provision was written in reaction to a "Government Accountability Office finding last year that 84 percent of current autism research projects have potential to overlap."

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on June 10, 2014 and then revised on June 20, 2014 to correct an error in the previous estimate. This is a public domain source.

The law amends the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize research, surveillance, and education activities related to autism spectrum disorders (autism) conducted by various agencies within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Those activities are conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Health Resources and Services Administration, and the National Institutes of Health.

The law authorizes appropriations for autism activities at HHS of $260 million in 2015 and $1.3 billion over the 2015–2019 period. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that it would cost $1.1 billion over the 2015–2019 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts. Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because it would not affect direct spending or revenues.

The law contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

Procedural history
The Combating Autism Reauthorization Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on May 9, 2014, by Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R, NJ-4). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce and the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Health. It was reported (amended) alongside House Report 113–490 on June 23, 2014, with a title change to "Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2014". On June 24, 2014, the House voted to pass the bill in a voice vote. The United States Senate voted with unanimous consent to pass the bill on July 31, 2014. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on August 8, 2014.

Debate and discussion
Rep. Michael F. Doyle (D-PA), who co-sponsored the bill, said that "every time new data is realized on autism spectrum disorders, the numbers become more and more troubling... this is why passage of the Autism Cares Act today is so important to continue research into the causes of autism."

Rep. Chris Smith, who introduced the bill, argued that "this is a critical investment that is working to determine the cause of ASD, identify autistic children as early as possible to begin treatment, and producing better awareness, new therapies and effective services. The quality of life of many children is at stake, as it is with young adults who age out of the support services in educational systems."

Liz Feld, the President of Autism Speaks, spoke in favor of the bill saying that the group "commends Representatives Smith and Doyle for their bipartisan leadership in spearheading this more aggressive federal response to autism." The Autism Society of America also supported the bill.

Rep. Bill Posey (R-FL) wrote an op-ed in The Hill arguing that the bill needed to be rewritten and improved. Posey argued that, after a federal program spent eight years and $1.7 billion trying to address the autism crisis and failed to do so, Washington was "on a path to rush through a five-year reauthorization, raise spending 20 percent and hope for better results without addressing fundamental structural flaws in the current program." According to Posey, one flaw with the current system is that while the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee is charged with writing a strategic plan for organizing the research and spending on autism, the federal government ignores that strategy to have the National Institutes of Health instead, resulting in money being spend in a disjointed manner. Posey argued that he would like to take the time to improve this bill, possibly using some of the improvements suggested by the Autism Reform Policy Coalition, instead of moving forward too hastily with this bill.

Reauthorization in 2019

In 2019, H.R. 1058, the Autism CARES Act of 2019 (aka. the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2019 or the Autism CARES Act of 2019 Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2019) once again reauthorized the program and funding. Specifically, the bill reauthorized provisions relating to expanded ASD research at the National Institutes of Health; the collection of state-level ASD data by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ASD education, early detection, and intervention activities supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration; and the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee.

The bill also generally revises the scope of those programs and activities to encompass ASD individuals of all ages, rather than only youth; focus funding on programs in areas with a shortage of personal health services; and reduce health-outcome disparities across diverse populations.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress

References

External links

Library of Congress – Thomas H.R. 4631
beta.congress.gov H.R. 4631
GovTrack.us H.R. 4631
OpenCongress.org H.R. 4631
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4631
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 4631

United States federal health legislation
Acts of the 113th United States Congress
Autism in the United States


title: Adam de Hertyngdon

text:
Adam de Hertyngdon (also Hartington or Hertington)  (d. 1380) was Archdeacon of London from 1362 to 1368 and a Canon of Windsor from 1368-1379.

Career

He was ordained sub-deacon at Chelmsford in the diocese of Winchester by Simon Sudbury on 24 September 1362.

He was appointed:
Prebendary of Hastings 1362
Archdeacon of London 1362 - 1368
Clerk of the Works at Windsor 1365
Warwick Chamberlain in the Exchequer 1369 - 1376
Prebendary of Willesden in St Paul’s Cathedral 1375
Prebendary of Wells Cathedral
Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral
Prebendary of Netherbury in Ecclesia in Salisbury Cathedral 1377
Prebendary of Romsey Abbey
Dean of Stafford 1376

He was appointed to the eighth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1368 but hold held it for 5 months, when he swapped it for the second stall. He resigned in 1376 but was reappointed later in the same year.

Notes

1380 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Archdeacons of London
Year of birth missing


title: Lumen Christi College

text:
Lumen Christi College may refer to:
Lumen Christi College, Perth, a co-educational secondary college in Martin, Western Australia
Lumen Christi College, Derry, a co-educational grammar school in Derry, Northern Ireland

See also
Lumen Christi Catholic High School in Jackson, Michigan


title: Brooklyn, Missouri

text:
Brooklyn is an unincorporated community in west central Harrison County, Missouri, United States.

The community is at the confluence of Shain Creek and the West Fork Big Creek. It is at the end of Missouri Route Z approximately two miles west of US Route 69 and five miles west of the community of Ridgeway.

History
Brooklyn was platted in 1865. One source states the name is a transfer from Brooklyn, New York, while according to another source a brook (Big Creek) near the town site may have caused the name to be selected. A post office called Brooklyn was established in 1868, and remained in operation until 1908.

References

Unincorporated communities in Harrison County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri


title: Grant Sorensen

text:
Grant Sorensen (born 27 March 1982) is an Australian retired volleyball player. He was part of the Australia men's national volleyball team at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Japan. Two years later he played at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was born in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia and his team played for Queensland Pirates. Sorensen ended his career in 2004.

Clubs
 Queensland Pirates, Brisbane (2002)

References

External links
 Profile at Sports Reference

1982 births
Living people
Australian men's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Australia
Volleyball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: C16H16N2O2

text:
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C16H16N2O2}}
The molecular formula C16H16N2O2 (molar mass: 268.31 g/mol) may refer to:

 DMeOB
 Lysergic acid, or D-lysergic acid
 Salen ligand

Molecular formulas


title: George Wallace Kenner

text:
George Wallace Kenner FRS (16 November 1922 – 26 June 1978) was a British organic chemist. He was born in Sheffield in 1922, the son of Prof. James Kenner. During his childhood, he went to Didsbury Preparatory School in 1928 and moved to Manchester Grammar School in 1934. He was appointed to the first Heath Harrison Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Liverpool 1957–1976. He did his MSc and PhD degrees under Lord Todd at Manchester and Cambridge Universities in UK. He married Jillian Bird in 1951 and they had two daughters both born in Cambridge. He was faculty member at the Cambridge University for 15 years before moving to the University of Liverpool in 1957 as Heath Harrison Professor of Organic Chemistry.

Achievements
George Kenner contributed to many areas of organic chemistry. In the 1960s, George Kenner, R.A. Gregory and Hilda Tracy were involved in the seminal discovery and synthesis of the peptide hormone gastrin at the University of Liverpool. Gastrin is involved in secretion of gastric acid (HCl) in the stomach.

The first chemical synthesis of a lysozyme-like enzyme of 129 amino acids using the classical approach was attempted by Kenner and his group at the University of Liverpool in 1970s. This would have been the largest protein molecules synthesised in a laboratory using classical peptide synthesis up to that time. He carefully planned a convergent synthesis of this lysozyme analogue, containing 129 amino acid residues joined in a rigorously defined order. The efforts of Kenner and his group led to the synthesis of the 129 amino acid peptide chain in protected form. But the dream of making a wholly synthetic lysozyme enzyme was only achieved in 2007. The synthesis of functionally active lysozyme was done 30 years later by a single individual, Thomas Durek, working in Steve B. Kent's group at the University of Chicago. The value of George Kenner's contributions to the methodology of peptide chemistry had profoundly influence on the developments in many biomedicine fields. For example it led to the synthesis of antigens of defined geometry for immunological studies.

Kenner's work has been recognised by the awards of the Meldola Medal (1951) and the Corday-Morgan Medal (1957) and in distinguished lectureships such as Tilden (1955), Simonsen (1972) and Pedler (1976) of the Chemical Society of whose Perkin Division he was President from 1974 to 1976. He was also President of Section B of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1974. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1964 he was the Society's Bakerian Lecturer for 1976 and was elected to a Royal Society Research Professorship in 1976.

The Kenner Prize and Awards at University of Liverpool
George Kenner Prize and Lectureship was established in 1979 with a sum of £12,000 raised by subscription to commemorate the late Professor GW Kenner, Heath Harrison Professor of Organic Chemistry from 1957 to 1976 and Royal Society Professor from 1977 to 1978. The duty of the Lectureship recipient is to deliver lectures on subjects related to the study of Organic Chemistry at the University. Several famous organic chemists were awarded this honour and these include Gilbert Stork, Ryoji Noyori, Steven V. Ley, Albert Eschenmoser, John George Adami, Duilio Arigoni, and Jean-Marie Lehn. The George W. Kenner Award for graduate students was established in 2006 to commemorate Kenner who spent almost 21 years in the Chemistry department at the University of Liverpool as the Heath Harrison Professor of Organic Chemistry. The award is annually given to the first-year PhD student in the organic section of the Department of Chemistry who is the best in both academic and research performance.

References

English chemists
Organic chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
1922 births
1978 deaths
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Liverpool
People from Didsbury


title: Fernando de la Concha

text:
Fernando de la Concha was the Governor of New Mexico between 1789 and 1794.

Biography
Fernando de la Concha joined the Spanish Army in his youth, eventually becoming a Colonel.
De la Concha was appointed Governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in 1789. In 1792 (and following orders of the viceroy Revillagigedo) Concha sent explorers Pedro Vial, Vicente Villanueva, and Vicente Espinosa to Saint Louis to establish a trade route. This route would be later known as the Santa Fe Trail.

Fernando de la Concha was replaced by  Fernando Chacón in the New Mexico government in 1794.

References

External links
UAIR: Revilla Gigedo (conde de) (virrey). note to governor of New Mexico Fernando de la Concha acknowledging receipt of report that grain supplies for Apaches and mumbres are being distributed.

Colonial governors of Santa Fe de Nuevo México


title: Hansi Block of Hisar District

text:
Hansi block is a cluster of villages and Hansi is a small town/ city and a municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana.  Its 2011 population is estimated to be 134,568. It is located at a distance of  east of Hisar on National Highway 09.Village Sorkhi is located on NH 09, almost between Hansi and Meham. The name of this village has been taken from Sorukhi -100 trees (rukh in Haryana). When this village came into existence, there was a pond surrounded by 100 trees. ThandiRam Berwal alias Thandiya (Udaipur, Rajasthan) and Rajmal Sheoran (Mandoli Kalan, District Bhiwani) came to this place in 1755 (Vikram Samvat 1812) and named village the name of Sorukhi. In the documents of the British Government, it has been registered under the name of Surkhi.Jat is main caste of this village. Apart from Jat Brahmin, Bania, Khati, Naai, Jogi, Kumhar, Lohar, Jhimar, Dhanak, Chamar, Balmiki, Sansi etc. live in this village. The main language here is Harianvi Boli and people used to Hindi and Urdu also.	 Hisar District has Seven blocks (Narnaund, Adampur, Uklana, Nalwa, Barwala, Hisar and Hansi) and Hansi is one of them and villages of Hansi Mandal are as under-
Dhana Kalan
Dhani Kutubpur
Depal
Kulana
Umara
Sorkhi
Shekhpura
Sultanpur
Dhani Raju
Jamawari
Ramayan
Ghirai
Mehenda
Bhatla
Kheri Gagan Garhi
Chanot Hazampur
Puthi Mangal Khan
Dhana Khurd
Dhani Pal
Kumbha
Dhani Perawali
Rampura
Muzadpura
Kanwari
Dhamana

References

External links
 Barsi Gate,umra gate,Hansi

Cities and towns in Hisar district
Hisar district


title: Coraje Ábalos

text:
Roberto Coraje Ábalos (born 16 August 1972) is an Argentine film and television actor. He has appeared in more than fifteen TV shows.

Biography
He worked at the consulate of New York, in an area of “promoción de la Argentina como destino turístico y otras bondades” until 2001.

Personal life
In 2007 he begins a relationship with the actress Mónica Antonópulos, with whom he had a son in 2012 named Camilo and from which he separated in 2013.

Career
He debuted in 1992 on the show Jugate conmigo  presented and produced by Cris Morena. In cinema he acted in the movies Bacanal, In the year 1999. Then he acted in the telenovelas Quereme, La hermana mayor and 90 60 90 modelos, the latter was one of his greatest television hits playing the Natalia Oreiro gallant. He continued acting in fictions like RRDT, Son o se hacen and  Drácula and resumed his acting career in 2003 in Son amores. Later other characters arrived in Mosca & Smith, Soy tu fan and Champs 12. In 2007 he debuted in theater at work La extraña pareja, starring  Carlin Calvo and Pablo Rago. He made special participations in Ciega a citas, Herencia de amor, Un año para recordar, El hombre de tu vida, Historia clínica and Vecinos en guerra. In cinema he acted in the movies Noche de silencio insomne in 2011. In 2012 he acts in the series Babylon and the following year he integrates the cast of the Pol-ka telecomedy Solamente vos like heartthrob of María Eugenia Suárez.

Filmography

Television Programs

Television

Movies

Theater

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
People from Santiago del Estero
Argentine male film actors
Argentine male television actors


title: Granite and Rainbow

text:
Granite and Rainbow is a posthumous collection of twenty-five essays on the art of fiction and the art of biography by Virginia Woolf. It was first published by Harcourt Brace in 1958. It includes an editorial note by Leonard Woolf.

It is not to be confused with Granite and Rainbow: The Hidden Life of Virginia Woolf by Mitchell Leaska.

References

External links
Granite and Rainbow at Internet Archive

Works by Virginia Woolf


title: Saint John the Baptist's Church, Landskrona

text:
As a building Johannes Babtistæ Kirke ( John the Baptist's Church) is a former church in Landskrona, Scania, Sweden. Today it only offers outdoor services, but between around 1430 and 1753 it was the second largest church in Scania. The Church was demolished on orders of the Swedish military commendant in the town. This was due to a fear that a potential enemy could put a cannon at the top of the church tower, and then open fire on the nearby fortress Landskrona Citadel.

In 1933 the foundations of the church were revealed and a large Christian cross of wood was put at the location of the old altar. It has since been used for outdoor services during the summer. The former church building was located in stadsparken, "the Town Park" and is locally known as Gamla kyrkans grund, "Fundament of the Old Church". Towards the end of the 18th century, the new Sofia Albertina Church was opened instead.

References

Former buildings and structures in Landskrona
15th-century churches in Sweden
15th century in Landskrona
15th-century establishments in Skåne County
18th-century disestablishments in Sweden
Buildings and structures demolished in the 18th century
Church ruins in Sweden
Culture in Landskrona
Churches in Landskrona
Churches in the Diocese of Lund


title: Vladimir Derer

text:
Vladimir Derer (1919–2014) was a British political activist in the Labour Party who escaped from Czechoslovakia in the late 1930s to live in Britain. For nearly four decades Vladimir was an important leader and strategist in the campaign to transform the Labour Party by making it more democratic and accountable to its members. He helped to form the Campaign for Labour Party Democracy (CLPD) in 1973 and was its secretary from 1974 until 2005. The CLPD is dedicated to introduce constitutional and rule changes and modernise the governance of the Party. Mandatory reselection of MPs and electoral college for the Leader were the most notable of many important democratic reforms implemented from the late 1970s until today.

Background and early years
Vladimir was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia to Ivan Dérer, a lawyer and Social Democrat Minister who served in various governments, including Minister of Education and Minister of Justice, up to the 1938 Munich Pact.

Vladimir's father was involved in the anti-fascist resistance in Prague but was arrested and sent to Theresienstadt which was a hybrid concentration camp and ghetto established by the German SS during World War II. Ivan survived the war, becoming the Chair of the Czechoslovakian Labour Party, only then to be arrested and imprisoned by the Czech Communist Party after its consolidated control in 1948.

Vladimir escaped to Britain just before the start of the second world War. Using his fathers’ contacts Vladimir was able to obtain a visa to allow him to stay in Britain, but those who travelled with him, including his Jewish girl friend were denied visas and she like most of the others perished. During the war Vladimir initially worked in an armaments factory then joined the army becoming an interpreter in prisoner of war camps. Following the war Vladimir worked as tourist guide, leading tours to Eastern Europe and also studied at the London School of Economics. It was there that Vladimir met his future wife Vera, a psychiatric social worker who later became a lecturer in sociology. They married in 1951.

Role and achievements in Labour Party
Although active in Trotskyist politics in the late 1940s, Vladimir became politically inactive until he and Vera joined the Labour Party in 1964. In the years that followed they became increasingly disillusioned in the way the Leadership and Labour Government operated and specifically angry at the way Harold Wilson, the Leader of the Opposition, had rejected a policy document drawn up by the Party's National Executive, which called for the state to take a controlling interest in 25 major companies, and which was passed at the 1973 Annual Conference. The Campaign for Labour Party Democracy (CLPD) was formed in 1973 by a group of rank-and-file activists, with the support from about 10 Labour Party MPs.

The first President was Frank Allaun. The main motivation for the Campaign was the record of the Labour Governments in the 1960s and also the way that Annual Conference decisions were continually ignored on key domestic and international issues. CLPD's first demand was therefore for Open Selection of MPs so that they would be under pressure to carry out Conference policies.

This objective was achieved in 1979/80 through the overwhelming support of CLPs and several major unions, especially those unions where the demand for re-selection was won at their own annual conferences (e.g. TGWU, AUEW, NUPE). CLPD also sought to make the Leader accountable through election by an electoral college involving MPs, CLPs and Trade Unions. Hitherto Labour leaders were elected by MPs alone. This demand was achieved in January 1981. CLPD also promoted a range of reforms to give Labour women and black members greater representation within the Party. In the early 1980s, there were only 10 women MPs, and none at all from ethnic minorities. The main demand for a woman on every parliamentary shortlist was achieved over the period 1986–1988. CLPD sometimes promoted seemingly non-democracy issues such as the significant extension of public ownership, defending the welfare state and the first- past-the-post electoral system (Vladimir Derer believed that PR would mean no majority Labour Governments). All such policies derived from the CLPD's commitment to socialist values and socialist advance.

An important pillar of Vladimir Derer's strategy was to blend representation and participation, whereby the elected representatives (e.g. MPs and councillors) were to be transformed into effectively being a delegate of the party members, focusing on implementing the manifesto on which they had been elected.

Tactics were primarily based on first producing model constitutional rule changes and motions and campaigning nationwide for CLP branches and general meetings to support these and submit them to be voted on at Annual Conference. Campaigning for reforms and key policy changes required organisation, determination and flexibility over at least 4 to 5 years to build up sufficient support nationally for them to be approved at Annual Conference.

The Derers’ home in Golders Green became a centre of political activity including meetings, planning, printing and administration to help further the campaign, which was supported by hundreds of Labour Party activists in both CLPs and affiliated trade unions throughout the country. Regular communication to supporters was considered (and remains) a key aspect of campaign work. Examples include a campaign newsletter, and at Annual Conference a daily information, news and conference guide sheet (called the ‘Yellow Pages’) produced for conference delegates by a CLPD team, often working until the small hours of the morning. The CLPD also staged fringe meetings at conferences to help galvanise support for key reforms and provide commentary by well-known speakers on the left in the Party and unions on political issues of the day. These were attended by hundreds of activists and delegates. These conference activities are still maintained today.

Although Vladimir firmly believed in Socialist principles, he could also exercise pragmatism and compromise when that was necessary to further the long-term strategy of the Labour Party becoming a transformative movement based on grass roots democracy, inclusiveness and diversity. This involved striving for a united Left and reaching out when necessary to those members in the centre of the Party and affiliated trade unions when their support was critical for obtaining sufficient support for key reforms or elections.

For instance, Vladimir Derer had a central role in setting up the politically successful Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance (CLGA) of centre left and left groups and organisations in the Labour Party. From 1997, Members of Parliament and MEPs could no longer stand for the six CLP section seats on the NEC, the Party's ruling body, leaving other Labour Party members to contest these seats. The CLGA supported slate of activists won two thirds of the seats, helping the Left to retain a foothold in the Party during a period when New Labour and its ‘centrist’ policies were in the ascendency. The Derers were also active in the east European solidarity campaign. From 2005 onwards the Derers, after over 30 years of tireless work in the Campaign, wound down their involvement, although Vladimir retained the role of political secretary. In his later years Vladimir became a carer for Vera.

Legacy
The Campaign for Labour Party Democracy continues to be active and influential in furthering the cause of democracy in the Labour Party The major focus of CLPD's work in recent years has been to win back political power for the rank-and-file which had been transferred to the centre. For example, CLPD campaigned for, and achieved, ‘one member one vote’ (OMOV) for the CLP section of the National Policy Forum and for the CLP Section of the Conference Arrangements Committee. At the 2017 Annual Conference three extra places for CLPs were achieved on Labour's NEC, reflecting the vast growth in membership under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership. The Campaign also contributed many papers for reforms to Labour's Democracy Review in 2018.

Vladimir Derer had a major role in achieving reforms on the governance of Parties that are taken for granted today, such as widening the franchise in electing the Leader of the Party and making its leaders more answerable to its membership at large, and the party more electable. Vladimir was a central intellectual thinker of "socialism from below" in the Labour party. In collaboration with Tony Benn and other leading left activists in the Labour Party, he moulded the resurgence of the radical left in the 1970s and early 1980s, and helped the lay the foundations for the Left's recent successes and advances in grassroots democracy in the Labour Party.

.

References

1919 births
2014 deaths
20th-century British politicians
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United Kingdom


title: 1922 Egypt Cup final

text:
1922 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of the 1921–22 Egypt Cup and the 1st Egypt cup final, was between El-Mokhtalat (Zamalek SC now) and Al Ittihad Alexandria, El-Mokhtalat won the match 5–0, became the 1st team to win Egyptian cup.

Route to the final

Match details

References

External links
 http://www.angelfire.com/ak/EgyptianSports/ZamalekInEgyptCup.html#1922

1922
EC 1922
EC 1922


title: Land of Broken Dreams

text:
Land of Broken Dreams is a song written by Thomas G:son and Thomas "Plec" Johansson, and performed by Dynazty at Melodifestivalen 2012, participating in the fourth semifinal in Malmö, successfully progressing to Andra chansen, where it was knocked out by the Top Cats song Baby Doll.

The song was tested for Svensktoppen on 11 and 18 March 2012, but failed to enter that chart.

Chart trajectories

References

2012 singles
English-language Swedish songs
Songs written by Thomas G:son
Melodifestivalen songs of 2012
2012 songs


title: Cherry Box, Missouri

text:
Cherry Box is an unincorporated community in northwestern Shelby County, Missouri, United States. The community is on Missouri Route B 3.5 miles northwest of Leonard. The North Fork of the Salt River flows past two miles to the west of the community.

History
Cherry Box was founded in the 1850s by a colony of German Mennonites. It is uncertain why the name "Cherry Box" was applied to this community, although a few traditions exist. A post office called Cherry Box was established in 1858, and remained in operation until 1943.

References

Populated places in Shelby County, Missouri