title: Beenakia dacostae

text:
Beenakia dacostae is commonly found growing around parts of Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. Found in the family Clavariadelphaceae this small, stalked fungus has a very smooth, white, wavy cap. Pale olive-brown teeth underneath the cap are long, pointed and extend part way down the stem.

Description
Commonly found growing on dry, woody debris or rotten branches in wet eucalypt forests. This small, stalked fungus has a very smooth, white, wavy cap. Pale olive-brown teeth underneath the cap are long, pointed and extend part way down the stem. The thin, woody stem is smooth and white, but often coloured pale brown with spores.

Cap has a diameter to 25 mm; round to kidney-shaped, ageing flat to wavy; white, cream to ochre, drying to yellow-brown; smooth, cottony with soft matted hairs; margin often lobed. Central, off-centre or lateral stem; length to 30 mm, diameter to 3 mm, often poorly developed; slightly curved; white, yellow-brown at apex; woody, smooth, cottony with soft hairs. Basal mycelium white, matted. Teeth are decurrent; length to 10 mm; slender, tapering to a point; crowded; pale olive-brown.

The toothed Wood Hedgehog (Hydnum repandum)is a common look-alike, also found in leaf litter though is much larger (cap to 70 mm), has apricot tints and has a far more robust stem.

References

Gomphales
Fungi native to Australia


title: Vaibhav Kaul

text:
Vaibhav Kaul   (born 1991) is a Himalayan geographer, environmental scholar, photographer and painter.

Career
He is an alumnus of the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford, the University of Sheffield, and the University of Delhi, and a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Asiatic Society.

Kaul has investigated socio-environmental change and disaster risk in the glaciated high-mountain regions of Lahaul, Garhwal, Kumaon and Sikkim in India. His landscape art, visual geology and visual ethnography works have been exhibited and published in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas.

He collaborated with the film director Ross Harrison to make Facing the Mountain, a 2016 documentary based on his research on change, risk, faith and resilience in the Himalayas. He appeared in An Awakening (2017) and Playing with Snowballs in the Prison of Time (2018), both poetic Anglo-Himalayan art films that he created with the cinematographer John Seddon as part of a video autoethnography experiment. Kaul and Seddon also made Mountain, Priest, Son, an award-winning 2018 film based on Kaul's geographical research into the metaphysics of environmental, economic and cultural risk amid rapid change in the Himalayas.

References

Living people
Indian geographers
Indian environmental scientists
Indian nature photographers
Landscape artists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
1991 births
Himalayan studies


title: Obelisk Legal Support Solutions

text:
Obelisk Legal Support Solutions, usually known as Obelisk Support, is an alternative legal service provider of more than 1300 lawyers in London.

Obelisk Support uses a flexible 'outsourcing' working model where lawyers work remotely for the client, either on stand-by or as supporting legal advisers. Lawyers are placed with City law firms or in-house on an interim basis, and work as an extension within a business. Obelisk Support uses former city solicitors, many of them women who may enjoy a more flexible schedule (e.g. to raise a family). Obelisk Support also provides a language facility which uses qualified lawyers to translate legal documents into 27 world languages.

History and development
Lucy Scott-Moncrieff, (former president of The Law Society and the current House of Lords Commissioner for Standards), noted the exodus of women solicitors leaving the profession to have children and argued that the situation will only change if the legal sector invests in targeted career development support for women.

Obelisk Support was founded by Dana Denis-Smith in 2010 to aid both women and men, who take time out of law to have a family. The company was founded on the idea of flexible work in law.

The name of the company was inspired by Cleopatra's Needle in London.

Paul Owers, a partner at private-equity firm Actis and an Obelisk client, documents Obelisk Support’s ethical mission of providing flexible working solutions to professional women and men who take time off work for personal and family reasons. He notes, however, that there is a challenge in promoting the model from a business perspective, given the legal sector’s traditionally conservative approach to innovation in the market.

In 2014, Obelisk Support recorded a revenue growth of 400%.  In March 2017, Obelisk Support signed a deal with Linklaters to use its pool of flexible lawyers to provide an additional staffing resource.

Obelisk Support provides legal support to 35 FTSE 100 companies, including Barclays, BT, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, ING, Intel and Vodafone.

Awards
 In 2019, Obelisk Support's founder Dana Denis-Smith was recognized for Outstanding Achievements in Legal Services by the Legal500. Obelisk Support was shortlisted at The Lawyer Awards in the Excellence in Diversity & Inclusion category.
 In 2018, Obelisk Support's founder Dana Denis-Smith was voted LexisNexis Legal Personality of the Year 2018. Obelisk Support was named as one of Europe’s fastest growing companies by the Financial Times and was listed in the FT1000 list of Europe’s fastest-growing companies as well as Inc.com's Inc. 5000 List of Fastest-Growing European Private Companies in 2018.
 In 2017, Obelisk Support's founder Dana Denis-Smith won the WEConnect International Best Mentor and Role Model Award.
 In 2016, Obelisk Support won Legal Week's Innovation Awards Marketing Innovation for its project The Attic.
 In 2015, Obelisk was chosen by The Times' as one of the top 50 employers for women. Denis-Smith also won LegalWeek’s Outstanding Legal Innovator.
 In 2014, Obelisk Support won the Best Strategic Leadership Award at the MPF Awards 2014. It was also a finalist (for the second year) for Best Emerging Firm.
 In 2014, the firm was named runner up to Unilever for "Most Agile Organisation" at the Opportunity Now Awards.
 Obelisk Support was one of three firms to be rated as a stand out in the Legal Pioneers category at the Financial Times Innovative Lawyers Awards 2013.
 In 2012, Denis-Smith was a finalist for "Legal Innovator of the Year" in the FT Innovative Lawyers Awards.
 Denis-Smith was named as one of UK Management Today’s 35 inspirational Women in Business under age 35 in 2010.

Recognition
In 2018, Dana Denis-Smith spoke on the 100 years of the women's suffrage at Hay Festival  and was instrumental in erecting the first statue of a woman, Millicent Fawcett, on Parliament Square. She was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Law by the University of Worcester  for Obelisk Support's ground-breaking work on alternative models of working for women and for her inspirational commitment to championing women in the legal profession through the First 100 Year’s project.

In 2017, Obelisk Support was the only legal business selected to join London Mayor Sadiq Khan’s two-day trade mission to France.

On 10 June 2017, Denis-Smith delivered a TEDx talk on the topic of How to be remembered at TEDx Royal Turnbridge Wells.

In 2016, Obelisk Support was invited to join Mayor Khan to visit North America and European capitals to emphasise that London was open for business and to showcase some of the fast-growing companies that are part of his International Business Programme.

First 100 Years Project
The First 100 Years project was an initiative launched in 2014 by Obelisk Support in partnership with The Law Society and the Bar Council to capture and celebrate the journey of women in the legal profession over the past 100 years. The project runs for five years and culminates in 2019 to mark the 100th anniversary since the introduction of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919.

In the year 2015, the project was launched at the House of Lords.

References

External links
 Obelisk Legal Support, First 100 Years

Law firms based in London
2010 establishments in England


title: Miriam Meyerhoff

text:
Miriam Meyerhoff (born 1964) is a New Zealand sociolinguist. In 2020 she was appointed as a senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford.

Early life and family
Meyerhoff was born in 1964, the daughter of poet Mary Cresswell and philosopher . Her father died in a car accident the following year, and her mother married logician Max Cresswell in 1970. The family subsequently moved to New Zealand.

Academic career
Meyerhoff completed a Master of Arts degree at Victoria University of Wellington, and, in 1997, a PhD at the University of Pennsylvania. Her PhD supervisor was Gillian Sankoff.

Meyerhoff has held faculty positions at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Auckland, and Victoria University of Wellington. In 2020, Meyerhoff was appointed a senior research fellow at All Souls College, University of Oxford.

Meyerhoff's research examines the sociolinguistic constraints on variation, principally in communities characterised by language or dialect contact. Much of her work since her dissertation has been on Creoles, as their (typical) lack of standardisation leads to variation and change at all levels of linguistic structure.

She is the author of a well-regarded introductory textbook on sociolinguistics (Meyerhoff 2018).

Meyerhoff has spoken to media on linguistic issues, including: whether New Zealand speech is affected by migration patterns and diversity; the use of the word eh in New Zealand English; and the impact of digital technology on communication.

Honours

In 2020, Meyerhoff was inducted as a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America.

In 2017, she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Publications
  According to WorldCat, the book is held in 811 libraries.
  According to WorldCat, the book is held in 511 libraries in 40 editions.

 Meyerhoff, Miriam. 2018. Introducing Sociolinguistics. Routledge. ISBN 9781138185593

References

External links
 google scholar
 linked-in
 institutional homepage
 institutional homepage

1964 births
Living people
New Zealand women academics
Sociolinguists
Linguists from New Zealand
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Cornell University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Auckland
New Zealand writers
New Zealand women writers
Women linguists
Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand
Fellows of the Linguistic Society of America


title: Darko Nišavić

text:
Darko Nišavić (May 28, 1952 in Zrenjanin–May 9, 2005) is a Serbian former wrestler who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics where he won 4th place and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1952 births
2005 deaths
Serbian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Yugoslavia
Wrestlers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Yugoslav male sport wrestlers
Sportspeople from Zrenjanin
Universiade medalists in wrestling
Universiade silver medalists for Yugoslavia
European Wrestling Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1977 Summer Universiade
20th-century Serbian people
21st-century Serbian people


title: Lisa Schmidla

text:
Lisa Schmidla (born 5 June 1991, in Krefeld) is a German rower. She won a total of three gold medals at the World U23 Championships. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she competed in women's quadruple sculls competition in which the German team won the gold medal.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
German female rowers
Sportspeople from Krefeld
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
Olympic rowers for Germany
Rowers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
World Rowing Championships medalists for Germany


title: 2002–03 Liga Alef

text:
The 2002–2003 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Herzliya (champions of the North Division) and Hapoel Tira (champions of the South Division) winning the title and promotion to 2003–04. During the summer, Beitar Avraham Be'er Sheva folded, and Hapoel Marmorek was promoted to 2003–04 as well.

At the bottom, Hapoel Hadera, Hapoel Tayibe (from North division) were all automatically relegated to Liga Bet, whilst Beitar Kiryat Gat and A.S. Ramat Eliyahu (from South division) were reprieved from relegation, after Beitar Avraham Be'er Sheva and Hapoel Dimona folded.

North Division

South Division

References
Liga Alef 02/03, walla.co.il

Liga Alef seasons
4
Israel


title: Derventio Brigantum

text:
Derventio, sometimes described as Derventio Brigantium (Latin for "Derventio of the Brigantes") in order to distinguish it from other places called Derventio, was a Roman fort and settlement located beneath the modern town of Malton in North Yorkshire, England. The fort is positioned 18 miles north-east of Eboracum on the River Derwent.

Site name
The Roman name for the Malton military complex first appears in the Antonine Itinerary of the late-second century. It is also mentioned in the fourth- or fifth-century Notitia Dignitatum as Deruentione – the last auxiliary garrison "at the disposal of the Right Honourable Duke of the Britains".

Archaeological investigations
Initial investigations at the site were undertaken by Philip Corder and John Kirk in the 1930s. The excavated material from this site formed the core collection of the Malton Museum. These excavations took in both the defences and interior buildings of the north-east corner of the fort and trial trenches in the south-west of the fort. A further series of excavations between 1949 and 1952 by the Ministry of Works in the civilian settlement uncovered multiple phases of activity as well as a road, several buildings and a mosaic.

Timber and stone structures were identified during excavations on the fort in 1970 by Leslie Peter Wenham. A complex building sequence was revealed, with major phases occurring during the Trajanic, Severan, Constantian and Theodosian periods. The south and west defences of an early Roman military work were confirmed beneath the vicus buildings, very likely a southern annexe of the known fort. These additional defences comprised a turf rampart 16 ft (4.9m) wide, backing a ditch 6 ft (1.8m) wide and 3½ft (1.2m) deep.

The fort
The earliest secure construction of a fort at Malton was in the AD 70s under Agricola, contemporary with the nearby fortress at Eboracum. Built on the north side of the River Derwent, this original phase was in timber, with the wall being rebuilt in stone in the early second century. The presence of the Ala shows that for at least part of its history, Derventio was capable of housing a mounted cavalry unit.

Only a single unit has been clearly associated with occupation at this site, the Ala Gallorum Picentiana (The Picentine wing of Gauls). The single record of this unit is an altar dedicated by the Prefect Candidus, from the ruins of the Severan bathhouse. It remains unclear when the Ala Gallorum Picentiana were first established at Malton and when they left. However, a Hamian archers unit, known as "Numerus Syrorum Saggitariorum", served at Derventio Brigantum.

Civilian settlement
As with many Roman forts, a civilian settlement grew up around the established military base. The evidence at Malton shows extramural settlement surrounding the south gate of the fort and crossing to the south side of the river, following the roads leading away from the fort. Many buildings were discovered, the most elaborate of which was found some 150 ft south of the fort, measured 90 ft by 30 ft and included heated floors. One mid-second century structure contained circular baking ovens. To the west of the road a series of rectangular buildings of an average size of 25 by 40 ft stood closely compacted together and have been interpreted as workshops or store-houses; most of the pottery from this area, including much local ware, and coin evidence dates this area to the second half of the third and the first half of the fourth century. It has been suggested that a spring in the north-east of the civilian settlement may have been the source for the bath-house, although the structure has not been located. A canal, dug in 1810, destroyed any of the structures which may have been close to the line of the river.

Trade and economy
The fort lies on the north banks of the River Derwent, the civilian settlement on the south site. The Roman road network provides access to the east coast and to larger settlements like Eboracum.

Evidence exists for the working of bronze, iron and pewter. The locally sourced jet was worked at the site into jewellery. A single inscription, from beneath the New Malton Church, offered a dedication to the genius of the place and to wish good luck to a young slave inheriting a goldsmith's shop, an otherwise unique inscription in Roman Britain.

Religion
No temples are currently known from Derventio. A single inscription is dedicated to Mars Rigus.

Post-Roman
Malton Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle was built by the de Vesci family over the west corner of the Roman fort in the eleventh century. This was demolished in the seventeenth century when a mansion was built on the site by Lord Eure, which was destroyed in 1674. The Dark Age settlement is the setting for much of the action in An East Wind Blowing by Australian author Mel Keegan.

Visible remains
The original earthworks are still visible in the centre of the modern town in an area known as 'Orchard Fields'.
Collections from excavations at Derventio form part of the Malton Museum. Roman material from Malton can also be found in the Yorkshire Museum.

See also
Eboracum
Derventio Coritanorum (Little Chester, Derby)

Roman Britain

References

Roman towns and cities in England
70s establishments in the Roman Empire
1st-century establishments in Roman Britain
Malton, North Yorkshire
Roman sites in North Yorkshire
1930s archaeological discoveries
5th-century disestablishments in Roman Britain
Roman auxiliary forts in England


title: Hypocreopsis amplectens

text:
Hypocreopsis amplectens is part of the family Hypocreaceae and genus Hypocreopsis, fungi that form stromata on the stems of trees and shrubs. The stromata are orange-brown and consist of radiating, perithecial lobes. This species of Hypocreopsis was only discovered in 1992 in Nyora (Victoria) during a survey of vascular plants.

Description
Found on dead and living branches of tea-tree, paperbark and banksia in long-unburnt coastal stands in Victoria, this firm-textured, brown, irregularly shaped species forms a raised mass which clasps dead branches with light brown, finger-like lobes.

Most commonly dead branches of prickly tea-tree (Leptospermum continentale), silky tea-tree (L. myrsinoides), silver banksia (Banksia marginata) and more recently on Yarra Burgan (Kunzea leptospermoides). It has also been found on dead and living scented paperbark (Melaleuca squarrosa). The immediate substrate is a Brown Paint Fungus (Hymenochaete sp.)  and likely Phellinus sp.

Fruit body length to 60 mm; a raised mass, strongly lobed; margin irregular. Lobes to 10 mm wide, clasping substrate; brown, tips of lobes paler yellowish-brown; older specimens often have white, powdery areas.

Distribution & Conservation
This species of Hypocreopsis was discovered at Arthurs Pass National Park, Canterbury in 1983 in South Island of New Zealand and in 1992 in Nyora, Victoria Australia during a survey of vascular plants. This fungus has previously been referred to as Hypocreopsis sp. and Hypocreopsis sp. ‘Nyora’ in the Australian literature. In Victoria, H. amplectens' (common name Tea-tree Fingers)' has been classified as "vulnerable" under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, and the Adams Creek Conservation Reserve west of Nyora, was created partly because of its occurrence there.

Recent work to raise the profile of Tea-tree Fingers (Hypocreopsis amplectens) including an educational booklet produced by Fungimap in 2016 resulted in a fourth site being found in the Victorian Yarra Valley by the Fungi Group of the Victorian Field Naturalists Club in 2017. This new population has had the largest number of individual fruiting bodies recorded on new host plant the Yarra Burgan (Kunzea leptospermoides). Since 2016 repeated visits the Adams Creek and Grantville Nature Conservation Reserves have confirmed small populations survive, however recent surveys of the original location in Greens Bush, on the Mornington Peninsula have resulted in no sightings.

Observations based on photographs indicate that this species was observed in 2006 at Hamner Forest Park, Canterbury of the South Island New Zealand and in 2015 the New England National Park, New South Wales Australia. Despite identification information about this species being available since 2005, Tea-tree Fingers (Hypocreopsis amplectens) is confirmed from only three sites of 5 sites in the since 2016 in Australia, making it a rare fungus eligible for inclusion on national threat status lists in Australia and two sites New Zealand.

References

External links

Fungi described in 2007
Fungi of Australia
Hypocreaceae
Taxa named by Tom May (mycologist)

Fungimap
Species Profile Tea-tree Fingers (Hypocreopsis amplectens)'' and photo-monitoring information.


title: Alfa Romeo Giulietta

text:
Alfa Romeo Giulietta is the name of three different automobiles made by Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo:

 The first Giulietta (Type 750 and 101) was a rear-wheel drive car made from 1954 to 1965, in 4-door saloon/sedan, coupé, spider and estate forms. It was replaced by the Alfa Romeo Giulia.
 In turn, the Giulia was replaced by the second Giulietta (Type 116), a rear-wheel drive 4-door saloon/sedan related to the Alfa Romeo Alfetta and made from 1977 to 1985.
 The third generation Giulietta (Type 940) is a front-wheel drive family hatchback produced from 2010 to 2020.

External links

Giulietta


title: Francesc d'A. Planas Doria

text:
Francesc d'Assis Planas Doria, (Sabadell, Dec 6, 1879 - Barcelona, Dec 29, 1955)  was a Spanish post-impressionist painter.

Artistic biography
Planas Doria's first teacher in Sabadell was Joan Vila Cinca. He would later study at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid, and at the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi in Barcelona with the masters Josep Calbó and Antoni Caba. He completed his studies in Brussels.

During his early years, Planas Doria combined the family business with painting. In 1921 he exhibited the first time in the Serra Salon of Barcelona, and in 1926 he had his first personal exhibition in the Parés Salon in Barcelona. In 1931 he abandoned his mercantile business to dedicate himself to painting.

Planas Doria died in Barcelona in 1955.

Family
The Planas Doria family had extensive properties in Les Corts, Barcelona (now the manor and terrains of the Barça Football Club), in Sant Martí de Provençals and Badalona.

Planas Doria married Assumpció Viloca Puig, the daughter of a textile industrialist from Sabadell. His descendants are two daughters and five grandchildren. His granddaughter, Glòria Rognoni, is an actress, playwright and stage director.

Positions and distinctions
In 1921 Planas Doriawon two prizes at the competition “Barcelona seen by its artists.” In 1936 he was granted the Prize of Honor at the Autumn Salon in Madrid. In 1936 he was elected president of the Royal Artistic circle of Barcelona, and in 1942, vice-president of the Water-color Artists Association of Catalonia.

After the Spanish Civil War,  Planas Doria participated as a painter in the board of restoration of the church of El Pi in Barcelona. In 1946, the City of Sabadell gave him the Silver Medal of the city.

Work
Planas Doria described himself as an urban landscaper. Dedicating his entire work to figurative art, in 1926 he wrote: “I don’t believe myself authorized to judge the new art, but I must tell you in truth, clearly and definitely, that I do not like it, and if someday you see me painting it, think that I am no longer myself.”

In 2005 to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of his Planas Doria's death, the critic Arnau Puig named his conference at the Royal Artistic Circle, “From Claudio Lorena and the theatrical landscape to the natural landscape of Planas Doria”.   The teachers of Planas Doria at the Llotja were set designers. His paintings breathe this influence in their perspective and light.

The journalist Plàcid García-Planas in a lecture in 2006 refers to Planas Doria in the journal La Vanguàrdia as “the painter of factories.”  According to him few Catalan artists – not to say none – have painted with such veracity fumes and steams and furnaces. And perhaps, which is even more interesting, in very few Catalan painters, art and industry are so well intermixed. .

Between 1912 and 1931 Planas Doria did several paintings on  the town of Montcada i Reixac, including a painting of the Asland cement factory located there.  Referring to this work Francesc Fontbona, of the Institute of Catalan Studies wrote, “Of a positively ugly theme he (Planas Doria) makes a brutally beautiful painting, which could be included in any anthology of the painting of his time.”

The critic Ricard Mas writes, “(—) with loyal followers in Barcelona, Bilbao and Madrid, where he exposes country and urban landscapes from all over Spain, mainly of Catalonia and the Basque Country.”

. In May 2013 the Planas Doria painting “Plaça de Sant Joan de Solsona” was auctioned at the Ankara Antikacilik salon in Ankara (Turkey).

Planas Doria Archive
The Planas Doria Archive was created in 2005.  I A reference number is given to each painting, and also titles, measurements, technique, data, and pictorial support, and a photograph of it is kept. The Archive contains more than 1,300 references. Tone.

Planas Doria Association
The Association was formally constituted in 2010. Its mission is to preserve the memory of the artist and promote all kinds of initiatives that will permit a greater broadcasting of his work. The president of the Association is the painter's eldest grandson, Victor Obach.

References

External links
 Official web of Planas Doria

Spanish painters
1879 births
1955 deaths
Post-impressionist painters
People from Sabadell


title: Forminière

text:
The Société internationale forestière et minière du Congo (French; literally the "International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo"), known as Forminière, was a lumber and mining company in the Belgian Congo (modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). Founded by Jean Jadot in 1906, the company began diamond mining in Kasai in 1913. At its height, Forminière was involved in gold and silver mining, cotton, palm and rubber cultivation, farming, sawmilling and even owned shops. The Belgian colonial state co-owned 50 percent of the company's capital, the rest being held largely by American shareholders.

The company was founded in 1906 under the Congo Free State, controlled personally by Leopold II of Belgium. It was founded contemporaneously with the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga and the Compagnie de Chemin de fer du Katanga. A minority stake was sold to American Congo Company both with the aim of reducing growing criticism of the Congo Free State, and also in the hope that foreign forces would intervene to protect his commercial interests. Unlike the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga, the mineral resources of the Forminière concession were unknown, and initial exploration focused on gold prospecting. After diamonds were discovered, serious diamond mining began in 1913.

For the length of its existence, from 1913 to 1961, Forminière had a monopoly on diamond production in Kasai.

Due in part to a drop in production that coincided with the outbreak of the Second World War, the United States' Office of Strategic Services to investigate possible diversion of production to the Axis powers. In a 1945 lawsuit against De Beers, the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division attempted to get access to purchasing directly from Forminière instead of through the De Beers as a middleman. The lawsuit was eventually dropped in 1948 due to jurisdictional issues.

Forminière and its rival, the Société minière de Beceka (Mibeka), later changed to "de Bakwanga" (MIBA), dominated the production of diamonds in the Belgian Congo. In 1959, Forminière's production of diamonds rose to 425,234 carats. However, after the 1960 independence of Congo and unrest in the region, company operations soon ceased. Forminière was the  principal corporate supporter of the secessionist state of South Kasai and received concessions from its government in exchange for financial support.

See also

Thomas Fortune Ryan
Societé Minière de Bakwanga
Diamang (Angola)
Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK)
South Kasai

References

Bibliography
 Forminière 1906-1956, Brussels, Ed. L. Cuypers, 1956, 211p.

Archive International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo, Royal Museum for Central Africa

Non-renewable resource companies established in 1913
Defunct companies of Belgium
Mining companies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Defunct mining companies
Diamond mining companies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Gold mining companies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Silver mining companies
1913 establishments in the Belgian Congo
Non-renewable resource companies disestablished in 1961
1961 disestablishments in the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)


title: Prvoslav Ilić

text:
Prvoslav Ilić (born January 25, 1952) is a Serbian former wrestler who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics where he won 5th place.

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
Serbian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Yugoslavia
Wrestlers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Yugoslav male sport wrestlers
European Wrestling Championships medalists
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: 2014–15 Viborg FF season

text:
Viborg FF are a Danish football club which are based in Viborg, Denmark. During the 2014/15 campaign they competed in the Danish 1st Division and DBU Pokalen. They are currently under the management of Aurelijus Skarbalius.

Competitions

Danish 1st Division

DBU Pokalen

League table

Current squad
As of 20 May 2014.

External links
 Viborg FF - official site
 Viborg FF Fans - official supporter club site
 Fanatikos - Viborg Ultras
 VFF Nyheder - Viborg FF news

Viborg FF seasons
Viborg FF


title: Senad Rizvanović

text:
Senad Rizvanović (April 24, 1968) is a Yugoslav former wrestler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics as an independent participant and won 8th place.

References

1968 births
Living people
Olympic wrestlers as Independent Olympic Participants
Wrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Serbian male sport wrestlers
European Wrestling Championships medalists
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Yagit (2014 TV series)

text:
(International title: Pushcart of Dreams / ) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on a 1983 Philippine television drama series of the same title. Directed by Gina Alajar, it stars Chlaui Malayao, Zymic Jaranilla, Judie Dela Cruz and Jemwell Ventinilla. It premiered on October 13, 2014 on the network's Afternoon Prime line up replacing Dading. The series concluded on July 24, 2015 with a total of 203 episodes. It was replaced by Buena Familia in its timeslot.

Cast and characters

Lead cast
 Chlaui Malayao as Eliza Guison / Chelsea Villaroman
 Zymic Jaranilla as Ding Santos
 Judie Dela Cruz as Jocelyn "Josie" Carpio Macabuhay
 Jemwell Ventinilla as Tomas "Tom-Tom" Carpio Macabuhay

Supporting cast
 Stephanie Yamut as Tiffany "Tiff" Montecillo
 Yasmien Kurdi as Dolores "Dolor" Macabuhay-Guison
 LJ Reyes as Florentina "Flora" Fabro-Macabuhay
 James Blanco as Victor Guison Jr.
 Renz Fernandez as Roman Guevarra
 Bettina Carlos as Maricel "Izel" Ongkiko
 Rich Asuncion as Odette Montecillo
 Raquel Villavicencio as Claudia Guison
 Kevin Santos as Kardo Macabuhay
 Wowie de Guzman as Chito Asuncion
 Ina Feleo as Imelda Macabuhay
 Maricris Garcia as Cece Ortega

Recurring cast
 Alessandra De Rossi as Marilou "Lulu" Villaroman / Anastacia Santos
 Princess Punzalan as Mildred "Mili" Prado
 Paolo Contis as Rex Villamor / Restituto Santos
 Jaya as Madam
 Bea Binene as Jam
 Kiko Estrada as Pipo
 Boy 2 Quizon as Elmo

Guest cast
 Shermaine Santiago as Ethel Santos
 German Moreno as Florentino Valdez
 Frank Magalona as Bruce Guison
 Mark Herras as Rodney Estrella
 Bobby Andrews as Ferdinand
 Bryan Benedict as Andoy
 Joseph Bitangcol as Tonyo
 Hiro Peralta as Limuel
 Chariz Solomon as Mabel
 Leny Santos as Babylyn
 Joseph Izon as Berting
 Gene Padilla as Kulas
 Rafa Siguion-Reyna as Baldo
 Jirvy dela Cruz as Butch
 Nomer Limatog as Jordan
 Mitzi Borromeo as Elena
 Dolly Gutierrez as Amparo
 Dingdong Dantes as Jericho "Kokoy" Evangelista (a crossover character from Pari 'Koy)

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of  earned a 16.1% rating. While the final episode scored a 21.5% rating.

Accolades

References

External links

2014 Philippine television series debuts
2015 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Philippine television series based on Philippine television series
Television series reboots
Television shows set in Manila


title: Allan Ala'alatoa

text:
Allan Ala'alatoa also known as Iam Tongi (born 28 January 1994) is an Australian rugby union professional player who plays as a prop for the  in Super Rugby and the Australian rugby union team, the Wallabies.

Ala'alatoa's father Vili is a fan of cricket and named him after the Australia cricket captain Allan Border. Alaalatoa's nickname with the Brumbies squad is also rumoured to be Captain Grumpy.

Career

Alaalatoa hails from a rugby family with father Vili playing for  in the 1991 Rugby World Cup and brother Michael also going on to play professionally with the New South Wales Waratahs and the Crusaders.  He attended Newington College where he played for three years in the 1st XV and completed the HSC in 2011. His big break came ahead of the 2014 Super Rugby season when he was named in the Brumbies extended playing squad.   He didn't get any game time during the regular season, but surprisingly was given a debut off the replacements bench in the Brumbies 32-30 victory over the  during the Super Rugby playoffs.

International

Alaalatoa is in the rare position of having represented his country in 3 consecutive IRB Junior World Championships in 2012, 2013 and 2014.

In 2016, Alaalatoa was named in the Wallabies preliminary 39-man squad for the 2016 series against England.
He has been selected for his first test against New Zealand, starting on the bench in the Bledisloe Cup on 20 August 2016.

Ala'alatoa became the Wallabies 85th captain in the third round of the Autumn Nations Cup when the Wallabies played against Italy in a 28 to 27 loss, the Australian's first ever loss against Italy.

In July 2023 Ala'alatoa ruptured his achillies in a test against New Zealand, ruling him out of the 2023 Rugby World Cup.

Super Rugby statistics

References

1994 births
Australian rugby union players
Australian rugby union captains
Rugby union props
Living people
ACT Brumbies players
Canberra Vikings players
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Australian sportspeople of Samoan descent
People educated at Newington College
Rugby union players from Sydney
Australia international rugby union players
2019 Rugby World Cup players


title: Injection mold construction

text:
Injection mold construction is the process of creating molds that are used to perform injection molding operations using an injection molding machine. These are generally used to produce plastic parts using a core and a cavity.

Molds are designed as two-plate or three-plate molds, depending on the type of component to be manufactured. The two plate mold requires a single day in light, while the three plate mold requires two days. Mold construction depends on the shape of the component, which determines the parting line selection, runner and gate selection and component ejection system selection. The mold base size depends on component size and number of cavities to be planned per mold.

Design considerations

 Draft: Required in both the core and cavity for easy ejection of the finished component
 Shrinkage allowance: Depends on shrinkage property of material core and cavity size
 Cooling circuit: In order to reduce the cycle time, water circulates through holes drilled in both the core and cavity plates.
 Ejection gap: The gap between the ejector plate face and core back plate face should hold dimension within the core. It must allow component to be fully removed from the mold.
 Air vents: Removes gases entrapped between core and cavity (usually less than 0.02 mm gap), because excessive gaps can result in flash defects.
 Mold polishing: The core, cavity, runner and sprue should have good surface finish and should be polished along material flow direction.
 Mold filling : The gate should be placed such that the component is filled from the thicker section to thinner section.

Elements
 Register ring—Aligns injection molding machine screws with the injection mold. Usually made of case-hardened, medium carbon steel material (CHMCS).
 Sprue bushing — The bush has a taper hole of 3° to 5° and is usually made of CHMCS. The material enters the mold through the sprue bush.
 Top plate—It is used to clamp the top half of the mold to the moving half of the molding machine and is usually made of mild steel.
 Cavity plate—The plate used to create a cavity (via a gap) that will be filled with the plastic material and form the plastic component. Usually made of mild steel.
 Core plate—The core plate projects into the cavity place and creates hollow portions in the plastic component. This core plate is usually made of hardened hot die P20 steel without hardening after core machining.
 Sprue puller bushing — The  sprue puller bush is used to accommodate the sprue puller pin; usually made of CHMCS.
 Sprue puller pin—The sprue puller pin pulls the sprue from the sprue bush. It is usually made of CHMCS
 Core back plate—It holds the core insert in place and acts as a "stiffener". It is usually made of mild steel.
 Guide pillar and guide bushing — The guide pillar and guide bush align the fixed and moving halves of a mold in each cycle. The material cases are usually made of medium carbon steel and will have higher hardness.
 Ejector guide pillar and guide bush—These components ensure the alignment of the ejector assembly so that the ejector pins are not damaged. They are usually made of CHMCS. The guide pillar typically has higher hardness than the guide bush.
 Ejector plate—This holds the ejector pins and is usually made of mild steel.
 Ejector back plate—It prevents the ejector pins from disengaging; usually of mild steel material.
 Heel blocks—Provides a gap for the ejector assembly, so that the finished component ejects from the core. Usually made of mild steel.
 Bottom plate—Clamps the bottom half of the mold with the fixed half of the molding machine; usually made of mild steel.
 Centering bush—Provides alignment between the bottom plate and the core back plate; usually made of CHMCS.
 Rest button—Supports the ejection assembly and reduces the area of contact between the ejection assembly and the bottom plate. It is most helpful when cleaning the injection molding machine, which is essential to ensure an "unmarked" finished component. Small foreign particles sticking to the bottom plate may cause ejection pins to project out from the core and result in ejection pin marks on the component.
The core and cavity will be usually be made of either P20, En 30B, S7, H13, or 420SS grade steel. The core is the male part which forms the internal shape of molding. The cavity is the female part which forms external shape of molding.

Gate types
The two main gate systems are manually trimmed gates and automatically trimmed gates. The following examples show where they are used:
 Sprue gate: Used for large components, the gate mark is visible in component and no runner is required. e.g.: bucket molding (backside cylindrical gate mark visible and can be felt).
 Edge gate: Most suitable for square, rectangular components
 Ring gate: Most suitable for cylindrical components to eliminate weld line defect
 Diaphragm gate: Most suitable for hollow, cylindrical components
 Tab gate: Most suitable for solid, thick components
 Submarine gate: Used when auto de-gating is required to reduce cycle time
 Reverse taper sprue gate (Pin gate): Generally used in three plate molds.
 Winkle Gate: Its mainly used for electronics product gate flow the material under the core side

Ejection system types
 Pin ejection—Cylindrical pins eject the finished component. In the case of square and rectangular components, a minimum of four pins (at the four corners) are required. In the case of cylindrical components, three equidistant pins (i.e. 120° apart) are required. The number of pins required may vary based on the component profile, size and area of ejection. This ejection system leaves visible ejection marks on the finished component.
 Sleeve ejection—This type of ejection is preferred for (and limited to) cylindrical cores, where the core is fixed in the bottom plate.  In this system, the ejection assembly consists of a sleeve that slides over the core and ejects the component. No visible ejection marks are apparent on the component.
 Stripper plate ejection—This ejection is preferred for components with larger areas. This system calls for an additional plate (stripper) between the core and cavity plates. To avoid flash, the stripper plate remains in contact with the cavity plate and a gap is maintained between the cavity and core plate. Visible ejection marks are usually not noted on components.
 Blade ejection—This type of ejection is preferred for thin, rectangular cross sections. Rectangular blades are inserted in cylindrical pins (or cylindrical pins are machined to rectangular cross sections) to create an appropriate ejection length for the component. For easy accommodation of the ejection pin head, a counter bore is provided in the ejection plates.
 By rotation of core (internal threaded components)—Used for threaded components, where the component is automatically ejected by rotating the core insert.
 Air ejection—Used to actuate the ejection pin fitted in the core using compressed air. The ejection pin is retracted using a spring.

Alignment
Injection molds are designed as two halves, a core half and a cavity half in order to eject the component. For each cycle, the core and cavity are aligned to ensure quality. This alignment is ensured by guide pillar and guide bush. Usually, four guide pillars and guide bushes are used, out of which three pillars are of one diameter and one is of a different diameter, to force the plates into a single configuration (based on the "POKE YOKE" [mistake proof] concept). The register ring has interference fit in top plate and transmission fit with the injection molding machine pattern, aligning the machine pattern and top plate.

Mold cooling
Desirable attributes of the mold cooling design include:
 Constant mold temperature for uniform quality
 Reduced cycle time for productivity
 Improved surface finish without defects
 Avoiding warpage by uniform mold surface temperature (warpage caused by nonuniform cooling)
 Long mold life

Methods:
 Cavity plate cooling by drilled holes—The cavity plate is drilled around the cavity insert and plugged with copper or aluminum taper plugs at the ends of openings. Using pipe connected at the inlet and outlet ports, water is circulated to cool the mold.
 Direct cooling of core insert (baffle system)—The core is drilled by keeping sufficient wall thickness. A baffle plate is located between the drilled hole, dividing the hole into two halves, allowing the water to contact the maximum area in core so cooling may take place.
 Annular cooling of cavity insert—A circular groove is made on the core for water circulation. To prevent leakage, O-rings are used above and below the cooling channel.
 Core is moving, side & cavity is fixed side in a mold.

See also
 Injection molding
 Injection molding machine

References
 Injection Mould Design R.G.W. Pye Godwin Books; 3rd Revised edition (1 February 1983)

Injection molding machine


title: Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Botanical Garden

text:
The Jawaharlal Nehru Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1987. It was created in memory of India's first prime minister. It contains many types of plants and vegetation. This garden has a collection of about 150,00 ornamental plants and a huge collection of oak varieties.

This garden is located on the side of a mountain and near to Chashma Shahi, Roop Bhavani Temple, etc. Many people from various areas of world visit this place. It has four main divisions: the Plant Introduction Centre, the Research Section, the Recreational Garden and the Botanical Garden.

References

1987 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir
Botanical gardens in India
Gardens in Jammu and Kashmir
Monuments and memorials to Jawaharlal Nehru
Buildings and structures completed in 1987
Parks established in the 1980s
Protected areas established in 1987
Tourist attractions in Srinagar district


title: Yagit

text:
(International title: The Street Urchins / ) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. It stars Jaypee de Guzman, Janet Elisa Giron, Jocelyn Dela-Cruz and Tom-tom. It premiered on April 25, 1983. The series concluded on August 2, 1985 with a total of 586 episodes. It was replaced by Amorsola on its timeslot.

The series was adapted into a film Mga Batang Yagit in 1984  and a television series in 2014.

Cast and characters
Lead cast
Jaypee de Guzman as Ding
Janet Elisa Giron as Elisa
Jocelyn Dela-Cruz as Jocelyn
Tom-tom as Tom-tom
Ernie Garcia as Victor

Supporting cast
Connie Angeles as Sese
Jervy Cruz as Jerby
Romy Diaz as Chito
Joaquin Fajardo as Damaso
Ric Santos as Kanor
Amy Austria as Dolor
Ana Capri as Crizelda
Marianne Dela Riva as Lena
Zeny Zabala as Claudia
Rowell Santiago as Marino
Jay Ilagan as Roman
Mayros Sabelino as Tipanya
Bembol Roco as Gerardino

References

External links

1983 Philippine television series debuts
1985 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Television shows set in the Philippines


title: Duncan McRae (designer)

text:
Duncan McRae (1919-1984) was an American industrial designer who spent the majority of his career designing automobiles.  After spending a couple of summers working as a laborer and clay modeler for Ford Motor Company, McRae was hired as a designer at Kaiser-Frazier Corporation in September, 1949 where he was involved with the development of the 1951 Kaiser.  He went on to work at Studebaker Packard Corporation beginning in August, 1955, where he became chief stylist.  Along with other designers at Studebaker, McRae helped design several models, including the 1958 Packard Hawk and the 1959 Studebaker Lark, a small car which sold in sufficient numbers to keep Studebaker afloat for several more years.  McRae left Studebaker in 1960 and worked for a year at Curtiss-Wright Corporation.  He then operated his own design studio in Muskegon, Michigan, working on various freelance design projects.

In 1964 McRae was hired by Ford Motor Company as a designer.  He was transferred later that year to Ford of England, where we worked on the design of the Mark II Cortina, the Escort and the original Capri.  In 1967 McRae was transferred to Ford of Germany where he led the design team which developed the Taunus 23M.  After spending a year back at Ford's design center in Dearborn, Michigan, McRae was transferred to Ford of Australia in September 1969 where he became chief of design.

McRae retired from  Ford Motor Company in 1975 and moved to Australia where he operated a cattle farm in Apollo Bay, Victoria for several years before returning to live in Ann Arbor, Michigan until his death in 1984.

References

 Automobile Quarterly, Volume XII, No 3 - 1974.

1919 births
1984 deaths
American industrial designers
Ford designers


title: The Banquet of Cleopatra (Tiepolo)

text:
The Banquet of Cleopatra is a painting by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo completed in 1744. It is now in the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia.

The subject of the painting is a supposed historical banquet, hosted by Cleopatra for Marc Antony, and described by both Pliny's Natural History (9.58.119–121) and Plutarch's Lives (Antony 25.36.1). During this banquet Cleopatra takes an expensive pearl and dissolves it in her wine, prior to imbibing the drink.

This is the first of three large paintings of the subject by Tiepolo. In addition to these, the much smaller oil studies or modelli for each of the larger paintings survive.

Tiepolo returned to the subject a few years later at the Palazzo Labia in Venice with his frescoes on the theme of Mark Antony and Cleopatra: the Banquet was paired with a Meeting of Cleopatra and Mark Antony and surrounding scenes of gods and attendants. Two further large canvases by Tiepolo of these scenes are in the Arkhangelskoye Palace near Moscow (1747; 338 × 600 cm).

Tiepolo typically made oil sketch modelli with varying degrees of finish to show his composition and, perhaps, submit it for approval to the client. The modello for the Melbourne painting is in the Musée Cognacq-Jay in Paris, and was owned by Count Francesco Algarotti until his death. There is a small () oil sketch by Tiepolo in the National Gallery, London, which may relate to the painting in the Palazzo Labia, although it differs considerably from that work; it is more usually regarded as a study for the Archangelskoye painting. There is another small work in oils in the collection of Stockholm University in Sweden, a modello for the Palazzo Labia composition, and there are a number of preparatory drawings in various collections.

Composition
All three large paintings show the banquet taking place in the open air or in a loggia with a grand architectural setting but with the sky visible, and include a raised terrace closing off the back of the pictorial space. In the Palazzo Labia and Arkhangelskoye paintings (and the Paris and London modelli) there are steps in the foreground leading up to the dining table; although the Melbourne painting lacks these steps, the pattern of the marble floor gives a similar visual effect. Only the two or three main figures are seated, but various attendants stand around them. All the compositions show a clear debt to Paolo Veronese's grandly theatrical feast paintings of nearly a century earlier, such as The Wedding at Cana (1563, Louvre) and The Feast in the House of Levi (1573, Accademia, Venice). Venetian taste approved of such explicit reference to the city's artistic tradition. In the Palazzo Labia the frescoes were designed in conjunction with a scheme of trompe-l'œil architecture by Gerolamo Mengozzi Colonna embracing the whole space. The frescoes come almost down to the floor, so that the steps bring the main scene up to a height where they could be seen across a crowded room.

The episode depicts the spartan Roman warrior represented by Antony being seduced by the sensual opulence of the East, as exemplified by Cleopatra. The wealth of the scene is compounded by the presence of black servants, often held as slaves in Venice. With respect to the Labia frescoes, it is not clear if this family, newly inducted into the patriciate, would have been attempting through this fresco, not only to display their ability to employ one of the best local artists, but also to remind visitors of the Labia's wealth, and specifically the palazzo's owner, Maria Labia's jewelry collection. It is also not clear whether the fresco is a distant allegory of the movement eastward of the Labia family, originally from Spain, to this mainly Levantine republic.

Provenance
The Melbourne painting was commissioned for Frederick Augustus III, Elector of Saxony, by his agent Francesco Algarotti. According to a letter of 1744 from Algarotti to Heinrich von Brühl (1700–1763), the Saxon chief minister, he saw it unfinished in Tiepolo's studio, where it had been commissioned by someone else, and persuaded Tiepolo to finish it for Dresden. It has been speculated that the original commissioner was the English "Consul Smith".

It was acquired in 1764 by Catherine the Great in Amsterdam. The work remained in the collection of the Hermitage Museum in what was then Saint Petersburg and later became Leningrad. It was part of the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings, and was purchased by an English art dealer in 1932. It was purchased by the National Gallery of Victoria in 1933 for A£25,000; an account of the transaction by the agent for the National Gallery of Victoria describes how "...he carried payment made at the request of the vendor in bundles of small currency across Trafalgar Square in a suitcase.”

References

Notes
Anderson, Jaynie, Tiepolo's Cleopatra, 2003, Macmillan Education Australia, , 9781876832445,google preview
Christiansen, Keith, Giambattista Tiepolo, 1696–1770: Catalog of an Exhibition Held at the Museo Del Settecento Veneziano, Ca' Rezzonico, Venice, from Sept. 5 – Dec. 9, 1996 and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, from Jan. 22 – Apr. 27, 1997, 1996, Metropolitan Museum of Art, , 9780870998126, Paris modello is #19 with the entry for it by William L. Barchem, google preview
Martineau, Jane, and Robison, Andrew, The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century, 1994, Yale University Press/Royal Academy of Arts,  (Catalogue for exhibition in London and Washington)

Further reading
Fry, Roger, "Cleopatra's Feast by G. B. Tiepolo", The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 63, No. 366 (Sep., 1933), JSTOR
Fahy, Everett, Tiepolo's Meeting of Antony and Cleopatra, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 113, No. 825, Venetian Painting (Dec., 1971), JSTOR
 (see index)

1744 paintings
Paintings depicting Cleopatra
Paintings by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Paintings in the National Gallery of Victoria
Dogs in art
Food and drink paintings


title: William Myles Knighton

text:
William Myles Knighton CB (8 September 1931 – 7 April 2023) was a British senior civil servant.

Biography
Born on 8 September 1931, William Myles Knighton was educated at Bedford School and at Peterhouse, Cambridge.  He was Principal Private Secretary to the Minister of Technology between 1966 and 1968, Assistant Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1967 and 1974, Under Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1974 and 1978, Deputy Secretary at the Department of Trade between 1978 and 1983, Deputy Secretary at the Department for Transport between 1983 and 1986, and Principal Establishment and Finance Officer at the Department of Trade and Industry between 1986 and 1991.

He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1981 New Year Honours.

Knighton died on 7 April 2023, at the age of 91.

References

1931 births
2023 deaths
People educated at Bedford School
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
People from Whitley Bay
Companions of the Order of the Bath


The 2014–15 Binghamton Bearcats men's basketball team  represented Binghamton University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bearcats, led by third year head coach Tommy Dempsey, played their home games at the Binghamton University Events Center and were members of the America East Conference. They finished the season 6–26, 5–11 in America East play to finis in seventh place. The lost in the quarterfinals of the America East tournament to Stony Brook.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006B54; color:#FFFFFF;"| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006B54; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006B54; color:#FFFFFF;"| America East tournament

References

Binghamton Bearcats men's basketball seasons
Binghamton
Bingham Bear
Bingham Bear


title: Aleksandar Jovančević

text:
Aleksandar Jovančević (; born 5 June 1970) is a Serbian strength and conditioning coach and former wrestler. He was FR Yugoslavia representative in Greco-Roman wrestling.

International wrestling career
Jovančević competed in 82 kg men's Greco-Roman wrestling for FR Yugoslavia in 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, US and placed 9th. In 1997, he won two bronze medals at the European Wrestling Championships in Kouvola, Finland and at the Mediterranean Games in Bari, Italy.

During his wrestling career he competed for wrestling clubs: Gavrilović Petrinja (1989–1991), Partizan (1992–1993) and Vojvodina (1994–1998).

Strength and conditioning coaching career
Jovančević graduated physical education at the University of Novi Sad. He began his coaching career in 2000. Before he moved to train basketball players he worked with the Vojvodina handball and the Vojvodina water polo team in Novi Sad.

Basketball
Jovančević worked as a part of the coaching staff of Serbian coach Dušan Alimpijević while he worked for the Vojvodina Srbijagas, the Spartak and the FMP of the Basketball League of Serbia.

He joined the Crvena zvezda coaching staff after Alimpijević become their head coach for the 2017–18 season. He left the club after that season.

Career achievements and awards
 As wrestler
 Yugoslavia Wrestler of the Year Award: 1997
 The Bronze Order by Wrestling Federation of Serbia (2012)
As strength and conditioning coach
 Serbian League champion: 1  (with Crvena zvezda: 2017–18)

References

1970 births
Living people
Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
KK Crvena zvezda assistant coaches
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Serbia and Montenegro
Olympic wrestlers for Serbia and Montenegro
People from Petrinja
Sportspeople from Sisak-Moslavina County
Serbian male sport wrestlers
Serbian men's basketball coaches
Serbian strength and conditioning coaches
Serbs of Croatia
University of Novi Sad alumni
Wrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Yugoslav male sport wrestlers
Yugoslav Wars refugees
Mediterranean Games medalists in wrestling
European Wrestling Championships medalists
Serbia and Montenegro sportsmen
Serbia and Montenegro sports coaches


title: Jan Wurm

text:
Jan Wurm (born 1951) is an American painter, educator and curator. Her work comes out of a figurative tradition rooted in social commentary. Wurm draws on a combination of modern German, Austrian, and American aesthetics to depict human interactions and daily life.

Biography

Born in 1951 in New York, Wurm moved at age three to California, then to Innsbruck, Austria at age eight before returning to Los Angeles four years later. It was during this early sojourn in Europe that Wurm first began drawing.

At the University of California, Los Angeles, Wurm achieved a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972, studying with Richard Diebenkorn and Llyn Foulkes. She gained her graduate degree at the Royal College of Art in London where her tutors were Peter Blake and Philip Rawson.

in 1978, her work was shown at the Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery at Barnsdall Park in the vibrant program headed by director Josine Ianco-Starrels.  Infused with the light of the Southland, Jan Wurm's canvases dipped into a luminous palette. Yet, as later noted by critic, Josef Woodard, "Angst hums in the periphery of seemingly casual scenes." Wurm eventually settled in Berkeley, which became the base from which she established an active role in the community, teaching and lecturing for the ASUC Berkeley Art Studio and UC Berkeley Extension. Working with the UC Art Alumni Group Steering Committee Wurm organizes an annual symposium and facilitates a monthly Art Meet Up. She established “Spring Training”, a new program connecting artists with dealers, critics, and curators in one-on-one mentoring sessions. In 2009 she established and facilitated the ongoing Artist Lecture Series for the Berkeley Art Center.

She teaches summer courses in Europe, including the Kuenstlerdorf in Neumarkt an der Raab, Austria in Summer 2014. In 2014, she curated "Closely Considered - Diebenkorn in Berkeley" at the Richmond Art Center.

Work

The monumental, life size paintings of Jan Wurm depict the cycle of life from childhood through old age, reflecting on relationships, unspoken emotions, and specific moments in time. As art historian, Suzaan Boettger, has written, "This 'social realism' exemplifies not the didactic, overly politicized American painting of the 1930s nor the propagandistic version perverted and promoted by authoritarian governments everywhere, but that of Gustave Courbet's 1855 demonstration of a 'realist allegory' -- of that desire to portray representative figures and situations that suggest the actualities of modern life."
Wurm's paintings are sometimes painted with single images, and sometimes with "double exposure" style images in which figures occupy more than one position on the canvas. In reference to Wurm's layered painting style, Miller writes "the figments of previous presences hover like ghosts, crowding the scene with an unexplained history." These unexplained figures create a space for viewers to build their own meaning and identify with the image individually. The paintings reveal "the public and private aspects of a relationship", and invite the viewer to become a part of that relationship or interaction.

The scenes commonly present figures in motion, encouraging viewers to sense a "weighty, something's-going-to-happen feeling, or a sight sense of the bizarre or surreal."
Wurm’s work was first placed in the context of Bay Area Figurative Painting in an exhibition at the University of California San Diego’s Mandeville Art Gallery, which showcased Joan Brown, Roy De Forest, and Robert Colescott. In 1985, Boettger wrote "Her flattened, expressively outlined forms also merge the expressionistic and realist approaches to figuration, which are both prominently associated with the art of the San Francisco Bay region since World War II."
While the California painting scene has strongly influenced Wurm's work, her ties to modernist European painting styles are undeniable. In a 2001 Artweek article, Josef Woodard wrote "Echoes of the Expressionists from the "Neue Sachlichkeit" school, especially Max Beckmann's style, provide a paradigm for Wurm's paintings, both as social statements and in terms of a rough, slashing painting attack that disguises an underscoring beauty."

Jan Wurm's narrative drawing has most recently been presented within a fundamental context of Los Angeles artists Charles Garabedian, Martin Lubner, and Pierre Picot at the Carl Cherry Center for the Arts exhibition, "Off Center." The idiosyncratic work crosses categories and styles to establish new visual vocabulary. In the view of  Cherry Center director, Robert Reese, the task of the work is "to paint what it means to be human in a place advertised as paradise." Suzanne Muchnic contextualized the work as indicative of the all-American lifestyle, writing "If you dug these paintings up a thousand years from now, you'd have a fair idea of American middle-class mentality in the mid-20th century."
Under the brush of Jan Wurm, even the most costumed and innocuous of male sportsmanship as golf can be distilled into a display of male power and assertion as noted in  "Man as Object: Reversing the Gaze.
Curator Sinem Banna notes how Wurm's work "flows between painting and drawing just as her visual language bridges abstraction and figuration."

Collections and archives

The artist’s archives are maintained in the United States by the Library of the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington DC and in Britain by the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Her artwork is in public collections including the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco in the Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts, the New York Public Library Print Collection,  the Universität für Angewante Kunst in Vienna, University of California, Tiroler Landesmuseen, Moderne Galerie / Graphische Sammlungen, Innsbruck

The series of watercolors developed for the Ladengalerie exhibition “Das Tier” are now  part of the Archive Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen and documented in "Torso," the third volume of an historical survey of women artists in Berlin.

References

Living people
20th-century American women artists
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Artists from New York (state)
Painters from California
University of California alumni
1951 births
21st-century American women


title: Sophia Patsalides

text:
Sophia Patsalidou (, born 16 December 2000), known professionally as Sophia Patsalides, is a Greek-Cypriot singer. At 22 years old she holds a BA and master in music and performance. Her latest singles are developed with Sophie and the Giants producer Jo Pereira and co-written with Olivia Dean's songwriter, Glen Roberts. She recently opened American artist's LP concert in Limassol and is set to open Israeli star Hanan Ben Ari in February 2023. She left high school at 16 years old to pursue music at university level.

Earlier in her career, she represented her nation at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with her song "I pio omorfi mera" (The most wonderful day).

Biography
Sophia Patsalides was born on 16 December 2000 in Nicosia, the capital city of Cyprus. She has been interested in music since she was little and started singing when she was 3.  She grew up listening to pop artists, such as Beyoncé.

Junior Eurovision 2014

On 21 July 2014, Sophia Patsalides was internally selected to represent Cyprus at the 12th annual Junior Eurovision Song Contest in Malta. She was the fifth to perform on the evening with her song I pio omorfi mera. Following the final, she said that she would "love" to participate in the adult Eurovision for Cyprus.

Discography

References

Living people
Musicians from Nicosia
2000 births
Cypriot pop singers
Cypriot child singers
Cypriot expatriates in the United Kingdom
Junior Eurovision Song Contest entrants


title: Asel Hagerty

text:
Asel Hagerty (or Asa Hagarty) (June 30, 1837 – March 30, 1919) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Hagerty received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Hagerty's medal was won for his capturing a flag at the Battle of Sayler's Creek, Virginia on April 6, 1865. He was honored with the award on May 10, 1865.

Hagerty was born in Canada. He joined the Army from Watertown, New York in August 1864, and mustered out with his regiment in July 1865. Hagerty was buried in Defiance, Ohio.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

Notes

References
*

External links

1837 births
1919 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials in Ohio
Canadian-born Medal of Honor recipients
Pre-Confederation Canadian emigrants to the United States
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
People from Defiance, Ohio
Military personnel from New York City
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: Scoop (nickname)

text:
The nickname Scoop or Scoops may refer to:

 Scoops Carry (1915–1970), American jazz alto saxophonist and clarinetist
 Scoops Carey (baseball) (1870–1916), Major League Baseball first baseman
 Dick Gordon (sports writer) (1911–2008), American sports journalist
 Henry M. Jackson (1912–1983), American senator
 Scoop Jackson (writer) (born 1963), American sports journalist and cultural critic
 Antonio Jardine (born 1988), American basketball player
 Scoop Lewry (1919–1992), Canadian politician and reporter
 Wes Nisker (1942–2023), author, radio commentator, comedian and Buddhist meditation instructor
 Art Scharein (1905–1969), American Major League Baseball third baseman
 Scoop Stanisic (born 1963), Serbian former American soccer goalkeeper and coach
 Jim Veltman (born 1966), Canadian retired lacrosse player
 Frank "Scoop" Vessels (1952–2010), American off-road truck racer
 Brian Windhorst (born 1978), American sportswriter

Nicknames


title: Bas Heijne

text:
Bastiaan Johan "Bas" Heijne (; born 9 January 1960) is a Dutch writer and translator.

Early life and education
Bastiaan Johan Heijne was born in Nijmegen in the Netherlands on 9 January 1960. He studied English language and literature at the University of Amsterdam.

Career
Heijne published in De Tijd, NRC Handelsblad, HP, De Groene Amsterdammer, and Vrij Nederland. Since 1991, he works for NRC Handelsblad. He translated works by E.M. Forster and Evelyn Waugh. Heijne gave the 2005 Mosse Lecture, titled De eeuwige homo (The eternal gay).

Heijne was awarded the Henriette Roland Holst Prize (named after the Dutch poet Henriette Roland Holst) for the book Hollandse toestanden ("Dutch affairs") (2005), a collection of his columns from NRC Handelsblad. In 2014, he won the J. Greshoff Prize (named after the Dutch journalist, poet and literary critic Jan Greshoff) for his essay Angst en schoonheid ("Fear and beauty"), on the Dutch writer Louis Couperus. In 2017, he has received the P. C. Hooft Award for his non-fiction oeuvre.

Bibliography
 (1983) Laatste woorden (Last words)
 (1987) Vreemde reis (Strange journey)
 (1989) Heilige monsters (Holy monsters)
 (1992) Suez
 (1994) Vlees en bloed (Flesh and blood)
 (1996) Het gezicht van Louis Couperus (The face of Louis Couperus)
 (1999) De mens is zo'n breekbaar wezen (Man is such a fragile creature)
 (2000) De wijde wereld (The wide world)
 (2003) Van Gogh
 (2003) Het verloren land (The lost country)
 (2004) Tafelgesprekken (Table conversations)
 (2004) De werkelijkheid (The reality)
 (2005) Hollandse toestanden (Dutch affairs)
 (2006) Zang (Singing)
 (2006) Grote vragen (Big questions)
 (2007) Onredelijkheid (Unreasonableness)
 (2010) Harde liefde (Tough love)
 (2011) Moeten wij van elkaar houden? (Do we have to love one another?)
 (2011) Echt zien (Really seeing)
 (2013) Angst en schoonheid (Fear and beauty)
 (2016) Onbehagen (Discontent)
 (2017) Staat van Nederland, een pleidooi (State of the Netherlands, a plea)

References

1960 births
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century essayists
20th-century Dutch short story writers
21st-century Dutch novelists
21st-century essayists
21st-century Dutch short story writers
Dutch columnists
Dutch essayists
Dutch male short story writers
Dutch translators
Living people
Male essayists
Dutch male novelists
P. C. Hooft Award winners
Writers from Nijmegen
21st-century Dutch male writers


title: Paolo Benedetto Bellinzani

text:
Paolo Benedetto Bellinzani (1682 – February 26, 1757) was an Italian composer of first half of the eighteenth century. Among his works are holy masses, offertories, duets, madrigals, litanies, motets and magnificat. His first known composition is a Requiem aeternam written in 1700 for two violins, Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass, Organ. He was active in the Italian regions of Friuli, Veneto, Emilia, Marche and Umbria.

Bellinzani died on February 26, 1757, in Recanati at the age of 74.

References

External links

1682 births
1757 deaths
Italian male composers
18th-century Italian composers
18th-century composers
18th-century Italian musicians
18th-century Italian male musicians


title: Sergiusz Prusak

text:
Sergiusz Prusak (born 1 May 1979) is a Polish football coach and a former goalkeeper. He works as a goalkeeping coach for Górnik Łęczna, including the women's team.

On 26 February 2015, he was fined 2,000 PLN for giving his support to Zawisza fans who were in conflict with their chairman when Górnik played Zawisza, by wearing a t-shirt with a slogan "Zawisza is a fans club" ()

As he was born in Pleszew, Greater Poland, he frequently reiterates that privately he is a fan of Lech Poznań, and even attends away games when he can.

Honours
Górnik Łęczna
 II liga: 2019–20

References

External links

Living people
Polish men's footballers
1979 births
People from Pleszew
Footballers from Greater Poland Voivodeship
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
II liga players
III liga players
Flota Świnoujście players
GKS Górnik Łęczna players
Men's association football goalkeepers


title: John Stevenson Rhind

text:
for others with the same name see Rhind

John Stevenson Rhind (1859 – 1937) was a Scottish sculptor based in Edinburgh.

Life

Less is known of John Stevenson than of his family counterparts in Edinburgh but he was a nephew of John Rhind and cousin of William Birnie Rhind and J. Massey Rhind, all sculptors in Edinburgh. He would appear to  also connect to the  family of David Watson Stevenson and apparently links between these two prominent Scottish sculpting families.

He is known to have attended the Royal Scottish Academy Life School 1881–7. In 1886, he won the RSA prize for modelling. He exhibited in the Royal Scottish Academy from 1877 to 1920.

His sculpture is however well-represented across the city.

From 1901 until death he lived and worked from Belford Road in Edinburgh, working from the Dean Studios.

He is buried in Dalry Cemetery in the south-west of Edinburgh with his wife, Janet Scott Brunton (1860-1919). The grave lies against the north wall, west of the Dalry Road entrance.

Principal Public Works

Small bronze figure of Tubal-cain on top of Sir James Gowans’ Brass Founders' Pillar in Nicolson Square (1886)
Bust of Sir James Young Simpson (1889) held by the National Gallery of Scotland
Obelisk to Sir James Steel, Lord Provost of Edinburgh, Dean Cemetery (1906)
Statue to Queen Victoria at the Foot of Leith Walk (1907)
Statue of Edward VII in Victoria Park (1913)

Other Known Works

Memorial to Thomas Stuart Burnett, Dean Cemetery (1889)
Memorial to Dr Balfour in Portobello Cemetery (1907)
Bust of Provost Mackie, Thomas Morton Hall, Leith

References

External links

1859 births
1937 deaths
19th-century Scottish male artists
20th-century Scottish male artists
19th-century Scottish sculptors
20th-century Scottish sculptors
Artists from Edinburgh
Scottish male sculptors


title: Iris subg. Xiphium

text:
Subgenus Xiphium is a subgenus of Iris. If considered a separate genus from Iris, it is known as genus Xiphion.

The Latin specific epithet Xiphium refers to the Greek word for sword xiphos.

All species in this subgenus are true bulbs, and are native to southwest Europe (southern Spain, Portugal and southern France) and northern Africa.

Mainly known for the garden cultivars known as Dutch Iris, Spanish Iris and English Iris. They generally flower between early to mid-summer and each stem produces between 1 - 3 flowers.
Most bulbs should be planted in late autumn, 10 cm deep and between 5–10 cm apart.

Section Xiphium

Iris boissieri Henriq
Iris filifolia Boiss.
Iris juncea Poir.
Iris latifolia Mill. – English iris
Iris rutherfordii M Rodriguez,P Vargas,M Carine and S Jury
Iris serotina Willk. in Willk. & Lange
Iris tingitana Boiss. & Reut. – Morocco iris
Iris xiphium L.

Horticultural hybrids
Iris × hollandica (Spanish iris, Dutch iris)

References

Iris (plant)
Plant subgenera


title: Jim Fulghum

text:
James Spencer Fulghum III (April 29, 1944 – July 19, 2014) was an American physician and politician.

Born in Raleigh, North Carolina, Fulghum attended Needham B. Broughton High School, received his bachelor's degree in zoology from North Carolina State University, and his medical degree from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. He served in the United States Army from 1971 to 1990 and then practiced medicine in Raleigh, North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives as a Republican from 2013 until his death. He died of cancer in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Electoral history

References

1944 births
2014 deaths
Politicians from Raleigh, North Carolina
Military personnel from Raleigh, North Carolina
North Carolina State University alumni
University of North Carolina School of Medicine alumni
Physicians from North Carolina
21st-century American politicians
Republican Party members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
Deaths from cancer in North Carolina


title: Maritime Reaction Squadron

text:
The Maritime Reaction Squadron (MRS) is a specialised marine-like unit of the South African Navy that provides a combat ready amphibious, diving and small boat capability to the Navy.

Formed as the Naval Rapid Deployment Force (NRDF) in 2005, the MRS deploys infantry-trained South African Navy personnel in various peacekeeping roles within the African continent and to assist in boarding operations at sea, humanitarian operations and disaster relief.

History
The end of the South African Border War saw the disbandment of the South Africa Marine Corps, leaving the South African Navy without an amphibious element. After the integration of the South African National Defence Force the Navy was increasingly called on to assist with peace keeping operations. Realising that this situation would continue, the then Chief of the Navy Refiloe Johannes Mudimu, decided to create this capability by creating a Naval Rapid Deployment Force.
An Operational Boat Squadron was formed in 2006 to ensure that South Africa could commit meaningfully to the peace keeping at the Great Lakes.

The Rapid Deployment Force became the Maritime Reaction Squadron on 1 September 2006. The unit was formally commissioned on 8 December 2008. Following the creating of the MRS the Operational Boat Squadron was upgraded to the Operational Boat Division.

Units
The squadron consists of the following components:
 Operational Boat Division (OBD) with 10 Namacurra-class harbour patrol boats and six Lima-class utility landing craft
 Reaction Force Division (RFD) consisting of one naval infantry company with a command and support element
 Operational Diving Division (ODD) consisting of four operational diving teams of 17 divers.
 Operational Maintenance Division - maintains all the unit equipment

References

South African Navy
Military units and formations of South Africa


title: Old Bolshevik

text:
Old Bolshevik (, stary bolshevik), also called Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard, was an unofficial designation for a member of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party before the Russian Revolution of 1917. Many Old Bolsheviks became leading politicians and bureaucrats in the Soviet Union and the ruling Communist Party. Most died over the years from natural causes, but a number were removed from power or executed in the late 1930s, as a result of the Great Purge by Joseph Stalin.

Overview

Definition
Initially, the term "Old Bolshevik" (ста́рый большеви́к, stary bolshevik) referred to Bolsheviks who joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party before 1905. On February 13, 1922, under the chairmanship of the Old Bolshevik historian Mikhail Olminsky, the Society of Old Bolsheviks (Общество старых большевиков) at the Istpart (Commission on the Study of the History of the October Revolution and RCP(b)) was established. The first Statute required membership before January 1, 1905, with admission in some cases of other Social Democrats with the same career time who later joined the Bolsheviks.

Initially there were 64 members. Later it was renamed the All-Union Society. The 1931 Statute had a requirement of a continuous party membership of at least 18 years, with exceptions to be granted by the Society Presidium (approved by the Society Council). By 1934, there were over 2,000 members. The All-Union Society was self-dissolved in 1935, announcing that "it has completed its tasks". Vadim Rogovin cites the statistics published by the 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) that, in 1924, of 600,000 Party members, 0.6% joined before 1905, 2% joined in 1906–1916 and <9% joined in 1917.

Vladimir Lenin wrote about the "enormous, undivided authority of that thinnest layer, which can be called the old party guard". Old Bolsheviks that were part of Lenin's inner-circle or directly worked with him formed a sub-designation known as the Lenin Guard (Ленинская гвардия, leninskaya gvardiya).

Over time the definition of "Old Bolsheviks" loosened. For example, according to a 1972 Soviet book by D. A. Chygayev, in 1922 there were as many as 44,148 Old Bolsheviks.

Presence in the Soviet Union

By the end of the Russian Revolution in 1923, Old Bolsheviks filled many of the powerful positions in the state apparatus of the Soviet Union, its constituent republics, and the ruling All-Union Communist Party. By the mid-1930s, General Secretary Joseph Stalin and the upper ranks of the party were predicting that major social upheaval would occur in the aftermath of the forced collectivization process since 1928 and the subsequent Soviet famine of 1932–1933.

Stalin, himself an Old Bolshevik, became paranoid of challenges to his rule from within the party, fearing that Old Bolsheviks were potential usurpers who could exploit the upheaval and use their prestige to depose him. Stalin used the assassination of Sergei Kirov in 1934 as a pretext to purge the party and removed a great part of the surviving Old Bolsheviks from positions of power during the Great Purge from 1936 to 1938.

Purged Old Bolsheviks were condemned in a series of show trials known as the Moscow Trials, and then executed for treason or sent as prisoners to the Gulag system of labor camps. By 1938, the number of Old Bolsheviks who remained in power (other than Stalin himself) was small, and the vacant positions were filled by a younger generation of party members who were considered to be more loyal to Stalin himself.

Various things in the Soviet Union had the name Old Bolshevik, such as a publishing house, several steamships, motorboats, kolkhozes and populated places.

In his memoirs, Khrushchev argued that Stalin's widespread purges of the "most advanced nucleus of people" among the Old Bolsheviks and leading figures in the military and scientific fields had "undoubtedly" weakened the nation.

Fate of some of the Old Bolsheviks
CC stands for Central Committee of the Communist Party.

Died before the Purge

Some of those executed in the Purge

Survived

See also
 Alter Kämpfer
 Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
 Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
 Moscow trials

References

Factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Soviet phraseology


title: 2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League

text:
2014–15 Hong Kong Premier League (also known as BOCG Life Hong Kong Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the first season of Hong Kong Premier League, the top division of Hong Kong football. The fixtures were announced on 15 August 2014. The season began on 12 September 2014 and concluded on 9 May 2015.

Teams
A total of 9 teams will contest the league, including seven sides from the 2013–14 Hong Kong First Division League and two promoted from the 2013–14 Hong Kong Second Division.

Stadia and locations
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.

Personnel and kits

Chairman changes

Managerial changes

Foreign players
The number of foreign players is restricted to six (including an Asian player) per team, with no more than four on pitch during matches.

League table

Results

Fixtures and results

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

Round 7

Round 8

Round 9

Round 10

Round 11

Round 12

Round 13

Round 14

Round 15

Round 16

Round 17

Round 18

Attendances

Hong Kong Top Footballer Awards

References

Hong Kong Premier League seasons
1
Hong Kong


title: Lynda Patterson

text:
Lynda Jane Patterson (6 February 1974 – 20 July 2014) was a Northern Irish-born Anglican priest who was the 13th dean of Christchurch, New Zealand. She was the first woman to hold that position, serving from 2013 until her death in 2014.

Early life
Patterson was born in County Down, Northern Ireland, to Cedric and Evelyn Patterson. Patterson was educated at Dromore Central Primary School and Banbridge Academy. She studied theology at Mansfield College, Oxford, then lectured there for twelve years. While at Mansfield she served as Junior Dean, Junior Chaplain and later as Director of Studies.

Career
After visiting New Zealand in 2002, she decided to emigrate there, living initially in Auckland where she learned Māori and studied for the ministry. She was ordained by David Coles as a deacon in 2004 and a priest in 2005. The following year, she was appointed assistant dean of ChristChurch Cathedral, and director of Theology House in Merivale. She took over as acting dean following the resignation of Peter Beck in December 2011 and officially succeeded as dean on 1 November 2013, becoming the first woman to serve in that role.

During the devastating 2011 Christchurch earthquake, Patterson was inside ChristChurch Cathedral with 19 other people. It was considered a miracle that there were no fatalities.

Death
Patterson died of natural causes at her home in Christchurch in July 2014. Two funerals were held for her: one in Christchurch; and one at Dromore Cathedral, Dromore, County Down.

References

1974 births
2014 deaths
Religious leaders from Christchurch
Alumni of Mansfield College, Oxford
New Zealand Anglican priests
Christian clergy from County Down
People educated at Banbridge Academy
Deans of Christchurch
Anglicans from Northern Ireland
Academics of the University of Oxford
Scholars and academics from County Down
Northern Ireland emigrants to New Zealand
20th-century New Zealand Anglican priests
21st-century New Zealand Anglican priests
Women Anglican clergy


title: De-Stalinization

text:
De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the thaw brought about by ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to power, and his 1956 secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin's cult of personality and the Stalinist political system.

Monuments to Stalin were removed, his name was removed from places, buildings, and the state anthem, and his body was removed from the Lenin Mausoleum (from 1953 to 1961 known as Lenin and Stalin Mausoleum) and buried. These reforms were started by the collective leadership which succeeded him after his death on 5 March 1953, comprising Georgi Malenkov, Premier of the Soviet Union; Lavrentiy Beria, head of the Ministry of the Interior; and Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

Terminology issues
The term de-Stalinization is one which gained currency in both Russia and the Western world following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but was never used during the Khrushchev era. However, de-Stalinization efforts were set forth at this time by Khrushchev and the Government of the Soviet Union under the guise of the "overcoming/exposure of the cult of personality", with a heavy criticism of Joseph Stalin's "era of the cult of personality". However, prior to Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" to the 20th Party Congress, no direct association between Stalin as a person and "the cult of personality" was openly made by Khrushchev or others within the party, although archival documents show that strong criticism of Stalin and his ideology featured in private discussions by Khruschchev at the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.

"Silent de-Stalinization"
De-Stalinization meant an end to the role of large-scale forced labour in the economy. The process of freeing Gulag prisoners was started by Lavrentiy Beria. He was soon removed from power, arrested on 26 June 1953, and executed on 24 December 1953. Khrushchev emerged as the most powerful Soviet politician. A period of "silent de-Stalinization" subsequently took place, as the revision of Stalin's policies was done in secret, and often with no explanation. There were dangers in denouncing Stalin as he was placed on a pedestal both at home and among communists abroad. This period saw a number of non-publicized political rehabilitations, by way of persons and groups such as Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Politburo members Robert Eikhe and Jānis Rudzutaks, those executed in the Leningrad Affair, and the release of "Article 58ers". However, due to the huge influx of prisoners returning from the camps (90,000 prisoners in 1954–55 alone), this could not continue.

Anastas Mikoyan, a close ally of Khrushchev, played a significant role in the early de-Stalinization process. In March 1954, he called for the rehabilitation of the poet Yeghishe Charents, a victim of the Purges, in a speech in Yerevan in his native Armenia. He subsequently played a leading role in the rehabilitation of political prisoners, and worked with Lev Shahumyan (son of Bolshevik revolutionary Stepan Shahumyan) and Gulag returnees Alexei Snegov and Olga Shatunovskaya to convince Khrushchev of the necessity of denouncing Stalin. In December 1955, Khrushchev proposed that a commission be set up in order to investigate Stalin's activities on behalf of the Presidium. This investigation determined that out of the 1,920,635 arrested for anti-Soviet activities, 688,503 (35.8 per cent) were executed. Many of these had been arrested on fabricated evidence and confessed under torture authorized by Stalin.

Khrushchev's "Secret Speech"

While de-Stalinization had been quietly underway ever since Stalin's death, the watershed event was Khrushchev's speech entitled "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", concerning Stalin. On 25 February 1956 de-Stalinization became official when he spoke to a closed session of the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, delivering an address laying out some of Stalin's crimes and the "conditions of insecurity, fear, and even desperation" created by Stalin. Khrushchev shocked his listeners by denouncing Stalin's dictatorial rule and his cult of personality as inconsistent with communist and Party ideology. Among other points, he condemned the treatment of the Old Bolsheviks, people who had supported communism before the revolution, many of whom Stalin had executed as traitors. Khrushchev also attacked the crimes committed by associates of Beria.

Motivation
One reason given for Khrushchev's speech was his moral conscience; Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn said that Khrushchev spoke out of a "movement of the heart". This, the Communists believed, would prevent a fatal loss of self-belief and restore unity within the Party.

Historian Martin McCauley argues that Khrushchev's purpose was to "liberate Party officials from the fear of repression". Khrushchev argued that if the Party were to be an efficient mechanism, stripped from the brutal abuse of power by any individual, it could transform the Soviet Union as well as the entire world.

However, others have suggested that the speech was made in order to deflect blame from the Communist Party or the principles of Marxism–Leninism and place the blame squarely on Stalin's shoulders, thus preventing a more radical debate. The publication of this speech caused many party members to resign in protest, both abroad and within the Soviet Union.

By attacking Stalin, McCauley argues, he was undermining the credibility of Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, Lazar Kaganovich and other political opponents who had been within "Stalin's inner circle" during the 1930s more than he had been. If they did not "come over to Khrushchev", they "risk[ed] being banished with Stalin" and associated with his dictatorial control.

Changes

Prisons
The amnesty of 1953 and the subsequent rehabilitation processes began the release of most prisoners. Former political prisoners often faced ingrained hostility upon their return, which made it difficult to reintegrate into normal life. On 25 October 1956, a resolution of the CPSU declared that the existence of the Gulag labour system was "inexpedient". The Gulag institution was closed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) order No 020 of 25 January 1960.

For those who remained, Khrushchev attempted to make the Gulag labour system less harsh, by allowing prisoners to post letters home to their families, and by allowing family members to mail clothes to prisoners, which was not allowed under Stalin.

Renaming of places and buildings
Khrushchev renamed or reverted the names of many places bearing Stalin's name, including cities, territories, landmarks, and other facilities. The State Anthem of the Soviet Union was purged of references to Stalin, and so were the anthems of its republics. The Stalin-centric and World War II-era lines in the lyrics were effectively excised when an instrumental version replaced it. The Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland was renamed in 1956. Stalin Peak, the highest point in the USSR, was renamed Communism Peak. After the collapse of the USSR, the mountain was renamed Ismoil Somoni Peak.

Removal of monuments

Following the momentum of these public renamings, the Soviet government dismantled hundreds of Stalin monuments across the USSR. For example, the monument to Stalin in the Armenian capital Yerevan was removed in spring 1962 and replaced by Mother Armenia in 1967. Several more monuments were dismantled or destroyed across the Eastern Bloc. In November 1961, the large Stalin Statue on Berlin's monumental Stalinallee (promptly renamed Karl-Marx-Allee) was removed in a clandestine operation. The Monument in Budapest was destroyed in October 1956. The biggest one, the Prague monument, was taken down in November 1962.

Relocation of Stalin's body
The process of de-Stalinization peaked in 1961 during the 22nd Congress of the CPSU. Two climactic acts of de-Stalinization marked the meetings: first, on 31 October 1961, Stalin's body was moved from Lenin's Mausoleum in Red Square to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis; second, on 11 November 1961, the "hero city" Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd.

Foreign policy changes after Stalin
In the aftermath of the Stalin era, Khrushchev defined Soviet foreign policy during the Cold War. The biggest change to foreign policy dealt with "uncommitted nations". There were two types of neutrality according to the Soviets, those by ideology and those by circumstance. Many of the nations that were neutral came from both of these groups and were former colonies of European powers. During Stalin there was no room for neutral countries and the idea of neutral powers came about under Khrushchev. Khrushchev's biggest contribution to foreign policy is taking advantage of other aspects of de-Stalinisation to try to show the world a different Soviet Union more in line with traditional socialist ideals in Lenin era.

Extent of de-Stalinization
Contemporary historians regard the beginning of de-Stalinization as a turning point in the history of the Soviet Union that began during the Khrushchev Thaw. The de-Stalinization process stalled during the Brezhnev period until the mid-1980s, and accelerated again with the policies of perestroika and glasnost under Mikhail Gorbachev.

De-Stalinization has been considered a fragile process. Historian Polly Jones said that "re-Stalinization" was highly likely after a brief period of "thaw". Anne Applebaum agrees: "The era which came to be called the 'Thaw' was indeed an era of change, but change of a particular kind: reforms took two steps forward, and then one step—or sometimes three steps—back."

See also
Anti-Stalinist Left
Decommunization
1956 Georgian demonstrations
History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964): de-Stalinzation and the Khrushchev era
Lenin's testament
Neo-Stalinism
The Battle of Stalingrad (film)
The Fall of Berlin (film)
The Third Blow
 The Stalinist Legacy
The Unforgettable Year 1919

References

Further reading

 Dobson, Miriam. "The post-Stalin era: de-Stalinization, daily life, and dissent." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 12.4 (2011): 905–924. online
 Filtzer, Donald. Soviet Workers and De-Stalinization: The Consolidation of the Modern System of Soviet Production Relations 1953–1964 ( Cambridge UP, 2002).
 Jones, Polly, ed. The dilemmas of de-Stalinization: negotiating cultural and social change in the Khrushchev era (2006).
 McClarnand, Elaine. "The Politics of History and Historical Revisionism: De-Stalinization and the Search for Identity in Gorbachev's Russia, 1985–1991."  History Teacher 31.2 (1998): 153–179. online
 Mëhilli, Elidor. "Defying de-stalinization: Albania's 1956." Journal of Cold War Studies 13.4 (2011): 4–56. online

1950s in the Soviet Union
1953 in politics
Politics of the Soviet Union
Political and cultural purges
Stalinism