title: Eddy Jerman

text:
Eddy Clifford Jerman (November 21, 1865 – September 13, 1936) was an American inventor and an early expert in the techniques of medical radiography. In the years that followed the discovery of X-rays, Jerman was one of the first people to focus on the details that created quality X-ray images, such as exposure and positioning. He served as an examiner during the initial efforts to license personnel who took X-rays. He has been referred to as "the father of radiography".

Biography
Jerman was born on November 21, 1865 in Ripley County, Indiana. He was the son of a physician. As a child, he became interested in the study of the batteries that powered his father's medical equipment. He attended Franklin College in Indiana, but experienced health problems in his last year and was unable to finish his studies. Jerman went to work for the Physicians & Surgeons Supply Company in Cincinnati, a medical device company. He became the shop foreman there and then created the Jerman Electric Company.

As part of his new enterprise, Jerman manufactured a power source for other medical equipment known as a Jerman static machine. His device was the only one available that was large enough to create X-rays. When Jerman created his first X-ray image, he created an image of his own hand. He described taping his hand down with electrical tape and exposing the hand to the radiation for 30 minutes. He worked closely with Victor Electric Company in the manufacture of his machines.  Suffering from health issues again, Jerman left Cincinnati for Topeka, Kansas, in search of a more suitable climate.

Jerman thought that insufficient attention had been paid to standardizing radiographic technique in the years since the discovery of X-ray. X-rays had been used largely for entertainment purposes in those early days and clinical techniques varied from provider to provider. He wrote that "the weakest link of the chain was technique, and the chain could be no stronger than its weakest link." By 1916, he had begun offering courses in radiography to professionals. About two years later, Jerman became the head of the education division at Victor Electric Company. In that capacity, he established 12 divisions of the company that offered classes to healthcare providers. The courses lasted between five and seven days.

The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) made Jerman its president in 1920 and he served several terms, becoming president emeritus in 1930. Jerman wrote Modern X-ray Technic (1928), the first textbook of radiographic techniques. It was published for several editions. He was a founder of the American Association of Radiological Technicians (now the American Society of Radiologic Technologists). Jerman served as the examiner for the first 1,000 candidates for credentialing by the American Registry of X-Ray Technicians.

Late in his life, Jerman became interested in the application of X-rays to fields like botany, zoology and paleontology. After retiring in 1934, Jerman died two years later. In his final months, he dealt with painful sequelae of frequent X-ray exposure.

References

External links
American Roentgen Ray Society
The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists

1865 births
1936 deaths
Radiographers
People from Ripley County, Indiana
Franklin College (Indiana) alumni
20th-century American inventors


title: Brunei–India relations

text:
Brunei and India established diplomatic relations in 1984. Brunei has a high commission in New Delhi, and India has a high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Commonwealth of Nations.

History
Bilateral relations between the countries were established on 10 May 1984. His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah made a state visit to India in September 1992. Since the discovery of oil in Brunei in 1929, a number of Indians migrated to Brunei to work in the oil and allied services sectors; later, many arrived as teachers, with some of them inter-marrying with local Bruneian peoples. According to local government's official sources, there are around 10,000 Indians living in Brunei, as of 2013.

Economic relations
Five memorandums of understanding were signed by both countries in May 2008, on issues such as Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements (BIPA), Information and Communications Technology (ICT), culture, trade and space. The main export of Brunei to India is crude oil, while India has mainly exported its manpower to Brunei, both professionals and semi-skilled workers. Indian businessmen have a near monopoly in the textiles sector of Brunei, and the majority of doctors in Brunei are from India. Between 2010 and 2011, Indian exports to Brunei increased from $34.55 million to $36.77 million, and Bruneian exports to India rose from $674 million to $1266 million, which was mainly due to rise in petroleum off take by Indian petrochemical companies.

Further reading
 Brunei in India's Foreign Policy
 INDIA-BRUNEI BILATERAL RELATIONS PDF

References

India
Bilateral relations of India
Brunei and the Commonwealth of Nations
India and the Commonwealth of Nations


title: Order-5 icosahedral 120-cell honeycomb

text:
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the order-5 icosahedral 120-cell honeycomb is one of four regular star-honeycombs. With Schläfli symbol {3,5,5/2,5}, it has five icosahedral 120-cells around each face. It is dual to the great 120-cell honeycomb.

It can be constructed by replacing the great dodecahedral cells of the great 120-cell honeycomb with their icosahedral convex hulls, thus replacing the great 120-cells with icosahedral 120-cells. It is thus analogous to the four-dimensional icosahedral 120-cell. It has density 10.

See also
 List of regular polytopes

References
Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. . (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
Coxeter, The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays, Dover Publications, 1999  (Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space, Summary tables II,III,IV,V, p212-213)

Honeycombs (geometry)
5-polytopes


title: Great 120-cell honeycomb

text:
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the great 120-cell honeycomb is one of four regular star-honeycombs. With Schläfli symbol {5,5/2,5,3}, it has three great 120-cells around each face. It is dual to the order-5 icosahedral 120-cell honeycomb.

It can be seen as a greatening of the 120-cell honeycomb, and is thus analogous to the three-dimensional great dodecahedron {5,5/2} and four-dimensional great 120-cell {5,5/2,5}. It has density 10.

See also
 List of regular polytopes

References
Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd. ed., Dover Publications, 1973. . (Tables I and II: Regular polytopes and honeycombs, pp. 294–296)
Coxeter, The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays, Dover Publications, 1999  (Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space, Summary tables II,III,IV,V, p212-213)

Honeycombs (geometry)
5-polytopes


title: James Wild (rugby league)

text:
James "Jim" Wild (birth unknown – death unknown) was a professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s. He played at club level Wakefield Trinity, as a , i.e. number 13.

Notable tour matches
Jim Wild played  in Wakefield Trinity's 3–29 defeat by Australia in the 1921–22 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain match at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 22 October 1921.

References

External links
Search for "Wild" at rugbyleagueproject.org

Rugby league locks
Wakefield Trinity players
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Abell 78

text:
Abell 78 is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Cygnus. It has a fainter halo consisting mostly hydrogen, and an inner elliptical ring that is mostly made of helium.

The central star of the planetary nebula has a spectral type of [WC5], similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star.

Gallery

References

External links

 https://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/abellcat.htm
 NOAO>Outreach>Planetary Nebula Sampler: Abell 78

Abell 78
78
Cygnus (constellation)


title: The Farnsworth House Inn

text:
This page is about the bed and breakfast in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. For other uses, see Farnsworth House (disambiguation).
The Farnsworth House Inn is a bed and breakfast and tourist attraction located in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The building is purported to be haunted, which the business uses in its promotional literature. Apart from being an inn, the building has also served as a tourist home and shop.

History

Ownership

The land the inn was built on was previously owned by Reverend Alexander Dobbins, who subdivided a larger estate for the purpose of selling it. John F. McFarlane purchased the land and is stated to be the first recorded owner of the home. Portions of the house are said to be dated to the early 1800s and is claimed to have been built in 1810, but the exact date is unclear. McFarlane owned the home until his death in 1851, at which point it became the property of the Bank of Gettysburg.

From 1918 to 1958, the property was owned by George Black and was known as the Sleepy Hollow Lodge. During the Civil War, the property was owned by Harvy D. Sweney and his family. In 1972, the house was renamed in honor of Brigadier General Elon J. Farnsworth by current owner, Mr. Loring Shultz, and remains a bed & breakfast.

Historical aspects
The Gettysburg Address procession passed in front of the Sweney House. "…But the greatest of the great men that honored this occasion was President Lincoln mounted on a beautiful bay charger…Like Saul of old he towered a head taller than any man. He sat gracefully bowing with a modest smile and uncovered head to the throng of women, men and children that greeted him from the doors and windows. His modest appearance and dignified manners, to say nothing of the noble speeches he made here, has endeared him to the hearts of the people and added thousands of friends to him on that day." Mr. Sweney and the house was, utilized during the Battle of Gettysburg.

Paranormal

The Shultz family claims that the inn has been haunted by as many as 16 spirits at one point in time and that each spirit has its own distinct personality and name. The inn has several rooms that are supposed to be "hot spots" for specific spiritual activity for particular ghosts such as the "Sara Black Room", which is supposed to be one of the most active rooms and will have spirits that can be photographed from the street.

References

External links

Reportedly haunted locations in Pennsylvania
American Civil War sites
Bed and breakfasts in Pennsylvania


title: Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark

text:
Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark is a video game based on the Transformers franchise, developed by Edge of Reality and WayForward, and published by Activision. It is the third and final entry in the Cybertron series, following War for Cybertron and Fall of Cybertron, and acts as a spin-off and crossover with the live-action Transformers films. One portion of the game takes place in the timeline divergent from the one where the films take place, serving as an alternative to the events of Age of Extinction, and follows the Autobots as they try to retrieve a Cybertronian artifact called the Dark Spark from the mercenary Lockdown. The other portion, set between the first two Cybertron games, depicts the Decepticons' attempts to use the Dark Spark to win the war against the Autobots, and the latter's efforts to stop them.

The game was developed primarily by Edge of Reality, with the Nintendo 3DS version developed by WayForward Technologies. It was published by Activision and released worldwide in June 2014 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. Rise of the Dark Spark received mixed-to-negative reviews.

Gameplay
The console and Microsoft Windows versions of Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark are a third-person shooter, much like its predecessors: Transformers: War for Cybertron, Transformers: Fall of Cybertron, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon. Players can control each transformer in both its robot and vehicle forms. Instead of a traditional health system, the game features a system similar to the Halo series of video games. The player character has both a regenerating shield and health, the latter of which can be replenished by a health pack. The game features various challenges which reward the players with weapon upgrades, characters for the multiplayer component, and other bonuses. Upgrades for weapons can be purchased through Teletran 1 kiosks found throughout the game. Every character has their own unique ability. For example, Soundwave can summon his minions, Optimus Prime has a shield to block incoming fire, Sharpshot can turn invisible for a few seconds, and the Combaticons have the ability to combine into the massive Decepticon Bruticus. The Autobot Grimlock, who transforms into a dinosaur, is controlled differently from other characters: he carries only melee weapons (though he can shoot fire out of his mouth when in dinosaur form), and is much larger than other characters, in addition to having more health points.

The 3DS version of the game is a strategy game role-playing video game. Melee combat is turn-based. The player is given three rounds to deplete their opponent's health. If successful, the enemy is removed from the overworld map. The player can choose from seven different attacks, each with their own recharge time after each use.

Multiplayer
Transformers: Rise of The Dark Spark has an extra mode called "Escalation". It is an online multiplayer mode where four players fend off waves of increasingly tough enemies, returned with the addition of upgradable defenses. The mode features over forty playable characters, and has levels based on both Cybertron and Earth.  Experience points collected by players are shared between the single-player and multiplayer modes. The Escalation mode is absent in the Wii U and 3DS versions of the game.

Synopsis

Setting
Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark is a crossover with the Transformers film franchise and the Cybertron video game series, the latter consisting of Transformers: War for Cybertron and Transformers: Fall of Cybertron. The eponymous Dark Spark is a powerful artifact that is capable of ripping holes in dimensions, which brings two Transformers universes together. The Cybertron universe component of the game takes place before the events of Fall of Cybertron, while its film series universe component takes place on Earth in 2014, continuing Transformers: Dark of the Moon and ignoring Transformers: Age of Extinction. The story consists of fourteen chapters, six of which are set on Earth and eight on Cybertron.

Characters

Playable in campaignPlayable in escalationAppears in campaign, but is non-playableSlag was renamed Slug in the game due to Slag being a derogatory term in some culturesOriginally available via pre-order, later downloadable content

Plot
On Earth, in the film continuity, the Autobots Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, and Drift investigate the site of a mysterious crash in an abandoned city, encountering a large group of Cybertronian mercenaries led by Lockdown. At the crash site, they find a Cybertronian relic known as the Dark Spark, but before they can retrieve it, Lockdown takes it for himself and uses it to temporarily freeze them in time. As Lockdown makes his escape, Optimus says "I thought this day would never come..." and proceeds explain what the Dark Spark is: a powerful relic of unknown origins, believed to be the antithesis of the Autobot Matrix of Leadership. Whereas the Matrix grants wisdom, the Dark Spark gives the user the power to bend the universe and its inhabitants to their own will.

In the Cybertron continuity, Megatron announces that the Decepticons are close to defeating the Autobots and conquering Cybertron, and dispatches Starscream, Soundwave, and Shockwave to find the Dark Spark in the abandoned Crystal City. During their search, the Decepticons are attacked by a swarm of Insecticons led by Hardshell, Kickback and Sharpshot. Shockwave defeats the trio, earning their fealty and control of the Insecticons. With their help, the Decepticons find the Dark Spark, but before they can retrieve it, the Autobots Sideswipe and Ironhide grab it and run away. Pursued by Insecticons, they regroup with Optimus and Bumblebee at a train station, where they must fight off hordes of Insecticons and Starscream until the next train arrives. The Autobots manage to escape, but Shockwave destroys the train using hidden explosives.

Shockwave and Sharpshot defeat Ironhide to reclaim the Dark Spark, but while attempting to reunite with the other Decepticons, they are ambushed by the Autobots. After escaping from them, the pair meet up with the Combaticons Onslaught, Vortex, and Swindle, the latter of whom helps them safely deliver the Dark Spark to Kaon, the Decepticons' capital city. Along the way, they are again ambushed by the Autobots, including Cliffjumper, but manage to defeat them. Jazz subsequently leads an Autobot siege on the gates of Kaon, but the Combaticons combine to form Bruticus and repel the attack. Cliffjumper is taken prisoner after unsuccessfully trying to destroy Bruticus with an explosive.

Optimus and Jazz lead a secret mission to retrieve the Dark Spark and rescue Cliffjumper, but after finding the latter, all three become caught in a virtually inescapable trap. Optimus contacts Perceptor, who sends Jetfire to infiltrate the ruins of the massive Decepticon Trypticon. Despite an encounter with a Decepticon salvage team led by Starscream, Jetfire is able to use Trypticon's laser array to free Optimus, Jazz, and Cliffjumper, and then escape. While Jazz escorts the wounded Cliffjumper to safety, Optimus confronts Megatron, who uses the Dark Spark in combination with Dark Energon to revive several dead Autobots as mindless drones. Optimus defeats Megatron and uses the Matrix of Leadership to send the Dark Spark into deep space, but this injures both of them. While Shockwave carries Megatron away to safety, Optimus contacts Jazz to tell him that the Dark Spark is gone and they can advance with their plan to leave Cybertron via the Ark.

Back in the film continuity, the Autobots track Lockdown to a jungle, with Bumblebee and Drift being sent to scout ahead and find the mercenaries' stronghold. After Drift is captured, Bumblebee rescues him, but the pair are soon overwhelmed by enemy forces. They are saved by the sudden appearance of Grimlock, who helps them defeat the mercenaries, though Lockdown escapes once again. After learning Lockdown is heading to an underground military base in another abandoned city, the Autobots go there to confront him, but only Optimus, Bumblebee, and Drift enter the bunker, as Grimlock is forced to stay behind to defend the entrance. The trio discover Lockdown is building a Time Bridge to bring the Autobot-Decepticon war into the present for personal gain, but the Autobots destroy it while Optimus confronts Lockdown. With Drift's help, Optimus separates Lockdown from the Dark Spark and throws the latter into the Time Bridge, sending it to an unknown point in time. The Autobots and Lockdown escape moments before the Time Bridge explodes, vowing to meet again.

In an epilogue scene, the G1 continuity Optimus sees the Dark Spark crashing on Earth and also says "I thought this day would never come..."

Development
The Windows and console versions of Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark are powered by Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3 and utilize the Havok physics engine. Unlike Fall of Cybertron and War for Cybertron, which were developed by High Moon Studios, primary development for Rise of the Dark Spark was handled by Edge of Reality. WayForward Technologies developed the Nintendo 3DS version of the game, which unlike its counterparts is a strategy RPG. It is the first PlayStation 4 game to use its Pre-Load feature, which allows players to download a game before its release date and have it ready to play the day it is released.  Owing to the nature of the game's narrative several characters have multiple models to choose from, each related to a given continuity. For example, Autobots Bumblebee and Grimlock feature two separate playable character models, one from the War for Cybertron continuity, and one from the cinematic universe. Optimus Prime features two separate character models from these continuities, plus a Transformers: Generation 1 model.

Several veteran voice actors voice multiple characters. Peter Cullen reprises his long-time role as Optimus Prime. Of his experience provided voice work for the game, Cullen said "there was a such a respect for the character from the beginning. I wasn’t used to that, it’s something that’s transformed—pardon the pun—over the years." Fred Tatasciore also returns to voice Megatron. Jim Ward voices Perceptor, Scott Whyte voices Hardshell, and Travis Willingham voices Onslaught and Sideswipe. Troy Baker voices Jazz, Jetfire, and Kickback. Gregg Berger voices Grimlock and Lockdown while Steve Blum provides the voices for Sharpshot, Shockwave, and Swindle. Nolan North, voices Bruticus and Cliffjumper and Keith Silverstein voices Blast Off and Rumble. Soundwave is voiced by Isaac C. Singleton Jr. A trailer for Rise of the Dark Spark featured American rock band Linkin Park's single "Until It's Gone".

The game was released in 2014 for Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One in North America on June 24, in Australia on June 25, and in Europe on June 27.

As of 2020, Activision has discontinued support for Rise of the Dark Spark, and the game's multiplayer servers have been shut down.

Reception

The console and Windows versions of Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark, developed by Edge of Reality, received unfavourable reviews from critics. Approval ratings for this version averaged between 60.00% and 30.00% at GameRankings, while Metacritic reports scores in the 40s. IGN gave it a "bad" rating of 4.0 out of 10.0, due to "dull" and "bland" design, a "complex" story, and the total absence of multiplayer support on Wii U.  The Nintendo 3DS version, developed by WayForward Technologies, received  better reviews with a GameRankings score of 60.00% and no Metacritic score reported.

References

External links

2014 video games
Activision games
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo 3DS eShop games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Third-person shooters
Rise of the Dark Spark
Unreal Engine games
Video games scored by Steve Jablonsky
Video games scored by Troels Brun Folmann
Video games set in the United States
Video games set in the future
Video games set on fictional planets
Video games about parallel universes
Video games with alternative versions
Wii U games
Wii U eShop games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
WayForward games
Video games developed in the United States


title: Percy Ikerd

text:
Percy Ikerd (May 4, 1890 – March 10, 1955) was an American production manager and an assistant director who was nominated during the 6th Academy Awards for the short lived Best Assistant Director category He was the production manager for several films including High Noon and Oklahoma!, which Oklahoma was released after his death.

Selected filmography
Oklahoma! (1955) (Production manager, Uncredited, released after his death.)
A Bullet Is Waiting (1954) (production supervisor)
Column South (1953) (Unit production manager, uncredited)
The Moonlighter (1953) (production manager - Credited as Perc Ikerd)
High Noon (1952) (Unit manager)
Japanese War Bride (1952) (production manager)
The Raiders (1952) (unit production manager - uncredited)
Tap Roots (1948) (production manager)
Jitterbugs (1943) (assistant director-uncredited)
Margin for Error (1943) (assistant director)
Trade Winds (1938) (assistant director)
The Hurricane (location unit manager - uncredited)
One Rainy Afternoon (1936) (assistant director)
Strike Me Pink (1936) (assistant director - uncredited)
George White's 1935 Scandals (1935) (unit manager-uncredited)
In Old Kentucky (1935) (business manager - uncredited)
Call It Luck (1934) (assistant director - uncredited)
George White's Scandals (1934) (assistant director)
Such Women Are Dangerous (1934) (assistant director - uncredited)
The Last Trail (1933) (assistant director-uncredited)
Pleasure Cruise (1931) (second unit director-uncredited)

References

External links

1890 births
1955 deaths
People from Shelby County, Tennessee
Film directors from Tennessee
Assistant directors


title: 2000 EM26

text:
is a sub-kilometer near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group, approximately  in diameter. It was first observed by astronomers of the LINEAR program on 5 March 2000 and followed until 14 March 2000, by which time it had dimmed to apparent magnitude 20 and was 40° from the Moon. By 17 March 2000 it was only 4 degrees from a 90% waxing gibbous moon. It has never been listed on the Sentry Risk Table because none of the potential orbital solutions create a risk of impact in the next ~100 years. The asteroid safely passed Earth on 17–18 February 2014. Due to a then-poorly determined orbit, the asteroid may have been significantly further from Earth and dozens of degrees from where the telescope was pointed during the 2014 approach.

Observations
The 2014 approach was broadcast live (YouTube archive) on the Internet at 09:00 pm EST (02:00 UTC), 18 February 2014, by the Slooh community observatory. Slooh's observatory on Mount Teide in Spain's Canary Islands was iced over at the time, so images from the Slooh observatory in Dubai were used to attempt detection of the asteroid. At the time of the broadcast, no obvious image of the asteroid could be seen. Some viewers complained by Twitter that it was boring when the object was never shown in the images, while others said that "boring" was a good outcome for a pass-by.

Orbit
 is an Aten-family asteroid, and as such is often near the glare of the Sun as the asteroid seldom travels outside Earth's orbit when the Earth is nearby. The orbit was poorly constrained in 2014 since the asteroid had an observation arc of only 9 days creating an orbital uncertainty of 7. Since the asteroid had not been observed since 14 March 2000, the uncertainty region had kept increasing. During the 2014 approach, 17 February 2014 was the first day that the nominal orbit had a solar elongation more than 90 degrees from the Sun making it easier to recover under a dark sky. Using the nominal orbit, the asteroid was expected to have an apparent magnitude of about 16 and pass  from Earth. Closest approach (perigee-geocentrical) was around 00:15 UTC on 18 February plus or minus about 13 hours. Even with an observation arc of 9 days, it was known that the minimum possible close approach distance to Earth on 18 February 2014 was  with a small chance that the asteroid would pass as far as  from Earth. Due to the uncertainty region of the asteroid, the asteroid could have been 75 degrees from the nominal position in the sky on 18 February 2014.

 was recovered on 24 February 2017 at magnitude 21, extending the observation arc to 17 years. It is now known that  passed  from Earth on 17 February 2014.

Physical characteristics
With an absolute magnitude of 22.5, the asteroid's diameter is estimated around  in diameter, for a range in albedo of 0.27 to 0.05 depending on whether the object is of stony or carbonaceous composition. For a standard albedo of 0.14, it translates to a mean-diameter of 110 meters.

See also
 List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014
 List of asteroid close approaches to Earth
 2009 RR

References

External links
 List Of Aten Minor Planets (by designation), Minor Planet Center

Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)

20140217
20000305


title: 1934 Swissair Tuttlingen accident

text:
On 27 July 1934, a Swissair Curtiss AT-32C Condor II passenger aircraft crashed near Tuttlingen, Germany, while flying through a thunderstorm. All 12 people on board were killed. It was the worst air crash in 1934 and Swissair's first aviation accident since its founding in 1931.

Aircraft and occupants
The aircraft involved in the accident, registered CH-170, was a Curtiss AT-32C Condor II, a variant of the standard T-32 developed specifically for Swiss flag carrier Swissair, which was its only operator.  CH-170 had entered service on 28 March 1934, and at the time of the accident, had only been in service for four months.  The cabin was configured with seating for up to 15 people.

The aircraft's flight attendant, Nelly Diener, also known as the Engel der Lüfte ("Angel of the Skies"), was Europe's first air stewardess.  She had been working for Swissair since 1 May 1934.  The other two crew members were the pilot, Armin Mühlematter, and the radio navigator, Hans Daschinger.  On the fatal flight,  nine passengers were aboard.

Accident

The aircraft departed Zurich for Berlin, with stopovers in Stuttgart and Leipzig.  Shortly after crossing the Swiss-German border, the aircraft, cruising at an altitude around , encountered a thunderstorm, and while flying through it, experienced turbulence.  The right wing eventually broke off; the plane fell into a forest near Tuttlingen, exploding into flames on impact.

Investigation

Investigators found that oscillations in the wing had caused a stress fracture, the severity of which was exacerbated by the violent weather conditions in which the aircraft was flying.  German investigators, however, determined that one fracture formed in the wing and engine-mount structure due to defective construction and welding techniques in conjunction with the engine vibrations, while a second fracture resulted from the force of the turbulence in the storm.

References

1934 in Germany
1934 in Switzerland
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1934
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by in-flight structural failure
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather
1934
Aviation accidents and incidents in Germany


title: NGC 1501

text:
NGC 1501 is a complex planetary nebula located in the constellation of Camelopardalis, it was discovered on the 27th August 1787 by William Herschel. It is also known as the Oyster Nebula.

Properties
The central star of the planetary nebula has a spectral type of [WC4], similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star. It is a pulsating star, meaning that its brightness varies regularly and periodically. In the case of NGC 1501's progenitor star, this is incredibly fast, with the star's brightness changing significantly in just half an hour. An analysis of Gaia data suggests that the central star is a binary system. Visible-light observations capture the glow of gases including hydrogen and nitrogen. The total mass of the nebula is estimated to be around , most of which is ionized gas () and a small fraction () is carbon-rich dust.

Gallery

References

External links

http://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/abellcat
http://www.observing.skyhound.com/archives/dec/NGC_1501

NGC 1501
Camelopardalis
1501
Discoveries by William Herschel


title: Lowell Darling

text:
Lowell Darling is an American conceptual artist most notable for a series of performances in the 1970s that included nailing cities to the earth, conducting "urban acupuncture" by placing oversize needles in the ground, and stitching up the San Andreas Fault. He practiced "Contemporary Archaeology" by dumpster diving and using the articles he pulled from the trash bins to create "Found Object" art works. Many of these found objects were 35mm film strips discarded by Hollywood editing studios. These form much of his Hollywood Archaeology series, which was made into a website  sponsored by the Whitney Museum of Art in 1995. Other art of his includes a run for public office in the 1978 California gubernatorial election, when his primary challenge to Governor Jerry Brown received some 62,000 votes. He is the creator of the "Fat City School of Finds Art," an unaccredited institution that grants free Masters and PhD degrees to arts students. Frustrated by the IRS's categorizing of his art practice as that of a "hobbyist" (and thus denying tax deductions for expenses), he worked closely with lawyer Monroe Price to creatively consider the intersection of art and taxes; and in 1975, Darling and Price organized "The Artists & Lawyers Ball," an event benefiting Advocates for the Arts.

In 2010, 32 years after their last election faceoff, Darling once again challenged Jerry Brown in the race for governor. He has described that 2010 run as a means to raise awareness about California's requirement of a two-thirds majority to pass a budget or tax.

External links
 Lowell Darling.com
 Under the Big Black Sun exhibition website

References

1942 births
American conceptual artists
American video artists
Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area
Artists from California
American performance artists
Living people
Nut artists


title: Brossard City Council

text:
The Brossard City Council (in French: Le conseil municipal de Brossard) is the governing body for the mayor–council government in the city of Brossard, Quebec in the Montérégie region. The council consists of the mayor and ten councillors.

Current Brossard City Council
The Mayor and Councillors listed below were elected in 2021 to serve a term of four years.  The next election is scheduled to take place in 2025.

Source: Brossard Elected Officials
Doreen Assaad, Mayor
Christian Gaudette, District 1 councillor, Sectors C-B
Tina Del Vecchio, District 2 councillor, Sector B
Stéphanie Quintal, District 3 councillor, Sectors A
Patrick Langlois, District 4 councillor, Sectors P-V
Claudio Benedetti, District 5 councillor, Sectors T
Sophie Allard, District 6 councillor, Sector S
Antoine Assaf, District 7 councillor, Sector R
Sissi Lee, District 8 councillor, Sectors I-N-O
Michelle J. Hui, District 9 councillor, Sectors J-L-N-X-Y
Daniel Lucier, District 10 councillor, Sectors L-M

References

External links
 Brossard City Council

Municipal councils in Quebec
Politics of Brossard


title: Christine C. Ferguson

text:
Christine C. Ferguson is the director of the HealthSource RI, and a professor at George Washington University. She was Commissioner of Public health in Massachusetts.

References

Women government officials
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Lincoln School (Providence, Rhode Island) alumni


title: John Croall & Sons Edinburgh

text:
John Croall & Sons were a Castle Terrace, Edinburgh firm of funeral undertakers and carriage hirers founded in 1850 who expanded their business to include coaches, cabs and coachbuilding. In February 1897 the firm was incorporated as John Croall & Sons Limited. After 1960 ownership changed a number of times and the company was liquidated in 1992.

John Croall

John Croall established his Castle Terrace, Edinburgh coaching and posting firm in 1820.  His country seat was at Southfield in Liberton in the 1850s.

Croall's four-in-hand coaches went to the ferry at South Queensferry and to Musselburgh races. The firm was awarded the Royal Warrant as "Postmasters in Scotland" in 1843. About 1907 they placed the first (motor) taxi-cabs on the streets of Edinburgh.

Russia mail
Caledonian Mercury, Edinburgh, Thursday, 14 June 1849 reported: "Mr John Croall, the enterprising coach-builder  and coach proprietor of this city, is now manufacturing an extensive series of mail coaches for the Emperor of Russia. Each coach weighs about twenty-two hundred weight, and is intended to be drawn by six horses." Four days later the story was continued: "Three have been completed. Although fifteen feet long, they are constructed in two chief compartments, calculated to carry each only two inside passengers, besides the capacious hind-boot for the mail-bags, and a fore-basket fitted with leather aprons and glasses, holding the guard, in addition to its two passenger occupants; whilst the driver only can be said to be mounted outside, being on the box. Thus the whole occupants of the capacious Russian mail travel in the most luxurious manner, amid Elysian padding and cushions, with their faces to the horses. The exterior panels are most elaborately painted, and varnished until they shine like glass, in the Russian Imperial livery of dark green, relieved with heads of gold, size etc. and adorned only with double crowned heads of the black eagle, with the sceptre and globe in its talons, the Imperial crest and shield representing the equestrian Peter the Great".
Caledonian Mercury, Edinburgh, Thursday, June 18, 1849

Peter Croall & Sons
The firm of Peter Croall & Sons who carried on business as coach builders at 126 George Street Edinburgh and Roxburghshire Coach Works at Kelso was dissolved on 28 May 1896. The partners had been John Croall and Robert Croall.

John Croall & Sons - Incorporation with limited liability

The first directors were Robert Croall, Thomas Aitken and J. Hay Irons.
John Croall & Sons Ltd was incorporated in February 1897 to acquire and carry on the businesses of
 John Croall & Sons, undertakers, coach and cab proprietors and coach builders, of Edinburgh
 Scott, Croall & Sons, job and postmasters, horse and carriage auctioneers, valuators and livery stable keepers, of Edinburgh
 Robert Croall & Co, job and postmasters and livery stable keepers, of Edinburgh.

H J Mulliner & Co, London

In December 1909 John Croall & Sons Ltd purchased a controlling shareholding in the Chiswick, west London, coachbuilding firm H. J. Mulliner & Co. which it held until 1959 when it disposed of it to Rolls-Royce Limited.

Croall & Croall

Coachbuilders, York Lane, Edinburgh (previously the premises of J & W Croall) and Kelso but separate from John Croall & SonsThey held a Warrant of Appointment with authority to use the Royal Arms, Croall & Croall, Edinburgh
Partners 1915:
 Peter Croall
 John M Croall
 Robert G Croall

Croall & Croall were purchased in 1937 by Scottish Motor Traction Sales and Service Company Limited.

References

External links
 Peter Croall & Sons staff at Kelso 1880
 The Cross Keys at Kelso from which Croall's daily stage coach left for Prince's Street, Edinburgh

Coachbuilders of the United Kingdom
C
Croall


title: Ceramide synthase 2

text:
Ceramide synthase 2, also known as LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 2 or Tumor metastasis-suppressor gene 1 protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CERS2 gene.

Ceramide synthase 2 is a ceramide synthase that catalyses the synthesis of very long acyl chain ceramides, including C20 and C26 ceramides. It is the most ubiquitously expressed of all CerS and has the broadest distribution in the human body.

CerS2 was first identified in 2001. It contains the conserved TLC domain and Hox-like domain common to almost all CerS.

Distribution
CerS2 mRNA (TRH3) has been found in most tissues and it is strongly expressed in liver, intestine and brain. CerS2 is much more widely distributed than Ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) and is found in at least 12 tissues in the human body, with high expression in the kidney and liver, and moderate expression in the brain and other organs. In the mouse brain, CerS2 is mainly expressed white matter tracts, specifically in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.

Function
Expression of CerS2 is transiently increased during periods of active myelination, suggesting that it is important for the synthesis of myelin sphingolipids. The lack of CerS2, as shown in knockout mice, induces the autophagy and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). These mice showed no decrease in overall ceramide level, but levels of sphinganine were elevated. They also developed severe liver disease, but there was no observable change in the kidneys.

The CerS2 gene is compact in size and is located in a chromosomal region that is replicated early in the cell cycle. CerS2 activity is regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) via two sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-like residues on CerS2 that operate independently.

Pathological significance
CerS2 levels are significantly elevated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue, along with increased levels of ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6).

CerS2 was also implicated in the control of body weight. The administration of leptin to rats induced a decrease in CerS2 was observed in white adipose tissue.

References

Further reading

Integral membrane proteins


title: Star Air (Indonesia)

text:
Star Air was an Indonesian airline.

History
The airline was established in 2000, a period in which private companies sprang up in Indonesia after the government announced the deregulation of airlines in the country. However, like some other Indonesian airlines (a total of 11 airlines), Star Air's license was revoked by the government in 2008 due to inactivity.

Destinations
Indonesia
Java and Lesser Sunda Islands
Bali - Ngurah Rai International Airport (Secondary Hub)
Jakarta - Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Hub)
Kupang - El Tari Airport
Surabaya - Juanda International Airport (Focus City)
Kalimantan
Balikpapan - Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman Airport
Sumatra
Medan - Polonia Airport
Pekanbaru - Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport
Sulawesi
Manado - Sam Ratulangi Airport

Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur - Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Fleet

The Star Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

 5 Boeing 737-200
 2 McDonnell Douglas MD-82
 2 McDonnell Douglas MD-83

Accidents and incidents
On January 23, 2003, A Star Air Boeing 737 touched down 500m past the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport's runway 25L threshold, a little left of the centreline, in an area of heavy rainfall with associated heavy winds. It went off the side of the runway, causing substantial damage to the undercarriage and belly.

References

Defunct airlines of Indonesia
Airlines established in 2000
Airlines disestablished in 2008
Indonesian companies established in 2002
2008 disestablishments in Indonesia


title: Waldo (given name)

text:
Waldo is a masculine given name. It derives from the Anglo-Saxon name Waltheof. It may refer to:

People
 Waldo of Reichenau (740–814), Carolingian abbot and bishop
 Waldo Colburn (1824–1885), American politician
 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) American writer and philosopher
 Waldo A. Evans (1869–1936), American naval captain and military governor
 Waldo Frank (1889–1967), American novelist, historian, and critic
 Waldo Grant (born 1946), American serial killer
 Waldo E. Harder (1918–1976), president of Grace University
 M. Waldo Hatler (1894–1967), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 Waldo Hutchins (1822–1891), U.S. Congressman
 Waldo P. Johnson (1817–1885), U.S. senator and Confederate congressman
 Waldo Kantor (born 1960), Argentine volleyball player
 Waldo K. Lyon (1914–1998), U.S. Navy physicist
 Waldo Machado  (1934–2019), Brazilian former footballer
 Waldo McBurney (1902–2009), credited as "America's Oldest Worker"
 Waldo Ponce, Chilean football player
 Waldo de los Ríos (1934–1977), Argentine composer and conductor
 Waldo Salt (1914–1987), American screenwriter
 Waldo E. Sexton (1885–1967), American businessman
 Waldo Williams (1904–1971), Welsh language poet

Fictional characters
 Waldo, a central character in the Where's Wally? children's book series and television show
 Waldo, one of the Our Gang characters
 Waldo, a supporting character in the AMC series Into the Badlands
 "Waldo", nickname of the tourist guy in a 9/11 attack hoax photograph
 Waldo Faldo, a character from the television series Family Matters
 Waldo Farthingwaite-Jones, title character of "Waldo" (short story) by Robert A. Heinlein
 Waldo Jeffers, protagonist of The Velvet Underground song "The Gift"
 Waldo Jones, disabled inventor in Robert A. Heinlein's 1942 short story "Waldo"
 Waldo Kitty, a feline parody of Walter Mitty, from the animated series The Secret Lives of Waldo Kitty
 Waldo Magoo, the nephew of Quincy Magoo, from the Mr. Magoo franchise
 Waldo C. Graphic, a character from the theme park attraction Muppet*Vision 3D
 Waldo Pepper, title character of the film The Great Waldo Pepper
 Waldo Franz Schaeffer (more commonly known as Franz Hopper), a minor supporting character from the French animated television series Code Lyoko and its cancelled 2013 live-action/CGI show Code Lyoko: Evolution
 Uncle Waldo, the drunken gander from the 1970 Disney animated film The Aristocats
 Waldo, a Reptool in the television series Dinotrux
 Waldo Emerson Bell is the central character in K. M. Alexander's Bell Forging Cycle.

Masculine given names
English masculine given names
German masculine given names


title: The Very Best (INXS album)

text:
The Very Best is a greatest hits album released by Australian band INXS in 2011. It initially peaked at number 39 in Australia.

Following the screening of INXS: Never Tear Us Apart, an Australian miniseries about INXS that commenced on 9 February 2014 on the Seven Network, the album re-entered the charts, peaking at number one. When the miniseries screened in New Zealand in August 2014, the album also charted, similarly peaking at number one.

Track listing
The album was released in three formats; a single-disc version, a double-disc version and a double-disc version with a DVD. The first disc of the deluxe edition is the same as the standard edition.

Chart performance
The Very Best debuted and peaked at number 39 in Australia on 6 November 2011. When promotion began for the mini-series, it re-entered the charts at number 13 on 10 November 2013. With the airing on the mini-series in February 2014, the album slowly rose to number-one on 17 February 2014. It became the first INXS "best of" album to reach number-one in Australia.

The Very Best took 77 weeks before it reached number-one and holds the record for the longest number of weeks to rise to number one, in ARIA chart history.

The Very Best was the highest selling album in Australia by an Australian artist in 2014 and the fourth overall.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

See also
 List of number-one albums of 2014 (Australia)

References

2011 greatest hits albums
INXS compilation albums
Atlantic Records compilation albums
Rhino Records compilation albums
Universal Music Group compilation albums


title: Waldo (surname)

text:
Waldo is the surname of:

 Clarence Abiathar Waldo (1852–1926), American mathematician, author, and educator
 Daniel Waldo (1762–1864), veteran of the American Revolutionary War,  missionary and U.S. House clergyman
 Daniel Waldo (Oregon pioneer) (1800–1880), American legislator in the Provisional Government of Oregon
 Dr. Dwight B. Waldo (1864–1939), first president of Western Michigan University
 Dwight Waldo (1913–2000), American political scientist
 Edward Hamilton Waldo, birth name of American science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon (1918–1985)
 George E. Waldo (1851–1842), American politician
 Janet Waldo (1920–2016), American actress and voice artist
 Jim Waldo, computer scientist and software architect
 John B. Waldo (1844–1907), jurist and conservationist in Oregon, United States
 Katita Waldo (born 1968), Spanish ballet dancer and ballet master
 Octavia Waldo (born 1929), American writer
 Peter Waldo (1140–1218), founder of a Christian sect called the Waldensians
 Rhinelander Waldo (1877–1927), former U.S. Army captain, Fire and later Police Commissioner of New York City
 Samuel Waldo (1696–1759), Massachusetts land speculator, soldier and political figure
 Samuel Lovett Waldo (1783–1861), American painter
 William Waldo (California politician) (1812–1881)
 William Waldo (Oregon politician) (1832–1911)

Fictional characters
 Mr Waldo is a main character in Dylan Thomas's play Under Milk Wood


title: Broadview Hotel (East St. Louis, Illinois)

text:
The Broadview Hotel is a historic hotel building located at 415 E. Broadway in East St. Louis, Illinois. The Classical Revival hotel was constructed in 1927. From its opening until the 1950s, the hotel was one of the finest in East St. Louis. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

History
When it opened in 1927, the hotel was the largest and most luxurious hotel in the city. The 260-room hotel included a restaurant, a rooftop garden, a ballroom and meeting rooms, and air conditioning and bathrooms in each room. The hotel intended to attract both local civic groups and out-of-town visitors; it succeeded in this in its first year, as the city's Elks Lodge moved to the building and the Illinois State Convention of Realtors held its annual meeting there. The hotel also housed the studio for the first radio station in East St. Louis; WIL broadcast from the studio from 1927 to 1935, when WTMV took over the studio. The Rotary club of East St Louis held their weekly noon meeting from 1927 for over 30 years. Rotarians were investors in the building as well. The hotel remained one of the city's most important until the 1950s, when large hotels became less popular nationally. In 1957, Southern Illinois University began renting office space in the building, as it had recently opened a satellite campus in East St. Louis; the university purchased the hotel outright in the 1970s. Since the university left the building in 2004, it has remained vacant. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 2013.

Architecture
The Widmer Engineering Company designed the hotel in the Classical Revival style. The Classical Revival style was both nationally popular in the 1920s and commonly used in hotels in the St. Louis area. The brick building is built around a concrete frame and features terra cotta facing on its front facade. The terra cotta facing marks the two outer bays of the taller central section of the building; terra cotta is also used surrounding the entrance, in multiple belt courses between stories, and in the building's cornice. The building's design is relatively plain and free of ornamentation; this both reflected the utilitarian focus of the engineering company and the cost-effective approach of the hotel's owners, who did not wish to pay for separate architectural and engineering firms.

References

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
East St. Louis, Illinois
Buildings and structures in St. Clair County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in St. Clair County, Illinois


title: Caribe station

text:
Caribe is the sixth station of the Medellín Metro from north to south, serving line A, and is located in the northern part of the municipality of Medellín. The station was opened on 30 November 1995 as part of the inaugural section of line A, from Niquía to Poblado.

It lies between two major traditional working class areas of the city of Medellín: the Castilla and Aranjuez municipalities. With the town of Bello, said municipalities evolved through the history of development of the metropolitan area as the main areas of labor within the process of industrialization. As strategic urban and regional development, and a high number of population areas, the Medellín Metro is an important element of this part of the city.

Description
From the station is a pedestrian bridge that goes to the Northern Bus Terminal, which has buses that go to a collection of urban routes to the Castilla, Robledo and Caribe zones in the northeast of the city. Another pedestrian bridge to the east leads to the Moravia zone.

The station is named after the neighborhood it is found in: Caribe. It was constructed in a zone that was once one of the most deprived areas of the city, known as the "Landfill", with the intention of improving the area.

References

External links
 Official site of Medellín Metro

Medellín Metro stations
Railway stations opened in 1995
1995 establishments in Colombia


title: Comparator groups analysis in Canadian equality law

text:
The "comparator group" is an element that has been used in Canadian jurisprudence to analyze statutory human rights complaints and claims pursuant to section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Section 15 guarantees equality rights and the right to be free from discrimination on certain enumerated grounds.

The analysis requires the claimant to prove that she or he has been discriminated against in comparison to another group identified by the claimant or by the Court. The appropriate comparator group was described by the Supreme Court of Canada as a group with whom "the claimant shares the characteristics relevant to qualification for the benefit or burden in question, except for the personal characteristic that is said to be the ground of wrongful discrimination."

Background and origins
The 1989 case Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia was the first Supreme Court of Canada judgment to articulate the framework for analysis of Charter equality claims. The Court formulated a test requiring that the claimant prove that differential treatment on a ground enumerated in section 15 or on an "analogous" ground had occurred and the treatment had caused harm or stereotyping. The Court described equality as a comparative concept, stating that the condition of discrimination "may only be attained or discerned by comparison with the condition of others in the social and political setting in which the question arises."

Ten years later, the Supreme Court expanded on the section 15 equality analysis in Law v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), stating that identification of a comparator group was necessary to determine whether the claimant had experienced discrimination. The Court is not bound by the group chosen by the claimant but can redefine the group based on "biological, historical, and sociological similarities or dissimilarities" between the claimant and others.

The Supreme Court maintained in later cases that the identification of a comparator group was crucial to being able to assess the differential treatment claimed by the claimant. In Hodge v. Canada (Minister of Human Resources Development) in 2004, the Supreme Court reiterated that comparator groups were not a "threshold issue" and that the entire Law test was to be applied on the basis of comparing the claimant and his or her treatment to other groups. In R. v. Kapp in 2008, however, the Court recognized that the comparator group analysis could resurface in the shape of a formal analysis "focussed on treating likes alike." This decision marked the beginning of a shift of the Supreme Court away from the comparator group analysis.

Recent developments and applications
The requirement to identify a comparator group is no longer necessary when making a discrimination complaint under section 15 of the Charter  or section 5(b) of the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA), though it may still be employed as tool to show discrimination.

In 2007, the First Nation Child and Family Caring Society (FNCFCS) brought a complaint against the Federal Government of Canada for racial discrimination in the provision of child welfare services pursuant to section 15 of the Charter and section 5(b) of the CHRA.  The complaint was heard in front of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, which ruled that there was no comparator group available to differentiate the welfare services on-reserve First Nations children received. Therefore, discrimination could not be proven. The FNCFCS then appealed to the Federal Court.

The 2011 Supreme Court case of Withler v. Attorney General (Canada) was a section 15 Charter class action against federal legislation for alleged age discrimination. Though the Court ruled against the claimants, it laid to rest the idea that a comparator group was necessary to make a discrimination complaint. It said "[i]n summary, a mirror comparator group analysis may fail to capture substantive inequality, may become a search for sameness, may shortcut the second stage of the substantive equality analysis, and may be difficult to apply. In all these ways, such an approach may fail to identify — and, indeed, thwart the identification of — the discrimination at which s. 15 is aimed."

As Withler was decided only ten days before the FNCFCS Tribunal ruling, the Tribunal did not consider it when it made its decision. However, the 2012 Federal Court appeal relied heavily on Withler. The Court clarified that requiring a comparator group was not only inconsistent with leading jurisprudence, legislation and international commitments, but also affirmed that it "may even thwart the objective of substantive equality – the animating purpose of both section 15 of the Charter and the Canadian Human Rights Act."

Criticism

Formal and substantive equality
A number of scholars and organizations have criticized the comparator group analysis as favouring a formal approach to equality rather than a substantive one. A substantive equality approach recognizes, as the Court did in Andrews,  that discrimination can be prevented or remedied by differential treatment according to the specific needs of the person or group targeted. Formal equality, by contrast, analyzes whether the law in question treats the individual rationally according to his or her characteristics, without taking account of that individual's disadvantage or whether the treatment would perpetuate that disadvantage. The danger of the formal equality analysis is that it "can readily...forgive state policies that impose subordinating differential treatment on disadvantaged groups so long as those policies have a rational basis." By asking claimants to identify the relevant comparator group, analyses can then fall into an assessment of whether the claimant has been or simply should be treated "the same" as the group in question without regard to his or her disadvantage.

Non-comparative types of discrimination
Some forms of discrimination, such as stereotyping, may not lend themselves to an analysis by comparison with other groups. For example, a deaf person who prefers to communicate using speech and lip-reading could be discriminated against by a government policy providing only sign-language interpretation, and no closed-captioning, during parliamentary debates. The claimant in this case is not claiming that she be treated like others based on assumptions that she is like other deaf people, but that she be treated on the basis of the personal characteristics. In this case, comparing her treatment to that of deaf people who communicate using sign-language would not resolve the discrimination, because the government could respond by taking away any interpretation for the hearing-impaired during parliamentary debates and thus treating all deaf people the same.

Problems in choice of comparator group
Claimants or courts may have difficulty choosing the right comparator group. For example, to assess whether a government's act had consequences in terms of equality of treatment, the claimant would need to be situated in a group that would then be compared to another group that is being treated differently. For example, in the case of Vriend v. Alberta, the claim was that the exclusion of 'sexual orientation' as a prohibited ground of discrimination in the Alberta Individual Rights Protection Act amounted to discrimination. To understand if this omission treated homosexuals differently from other vulnerable groups, they would need to be compared to just such groups. However, if the claim is that the failure to include homosexuals perpetuated oppression against them, then the relevant comparator group might be dominant social groups that oppress homosexuals.

Comparator groups and disabilities
The Supreme Court has acknowledged that requiring a comparator group for discrimination claims based on disability is problematic. Comparator groups for those with disabilities have either been drawn from those with no disabilities or those with different disabilities. Either scenario can impede access to substantive justice. In Moore v. British Columbia (Education), a complaint was brought on behalf of Jeffrey, a dyslexic child, for discrimination in education. At issue was whether Moore should be compared to the general population, to other students with disabilities or whether the comparator group analysis was "both unnecessary and inappropriate." The Supreme Court reasoned that comparing Moore to the general student population was inappropriate on the grounds that he needed special programs, while other students did not. The Court also rationalized that comparing a dyslexic student to other special needs students would allow the province to discriminate equally against all students with disabilities and still be immune from discrimination complaints. The Court decided against using a comparator group analysis.

Comparator groups and First Nations
Jurisprudence suggests that because of Aboriginal peoples' unique place in Canadian society, finding an appropriate comparator group is problematic. Services that are normally provided through provincial jurisdiction are provided to First Nations peoples by the federal government, which owes a fiduciary duty to them. No other group receives the same treatment, meaning that comparator groups would be difficult to identify and could possibly bar First Nations people from making discrimination complaints on the basis of race in the provision of services.
Regardless of the difficulties, the Federal Court has named a possible comparator group for on-reserve Aboriginal children, when comparing the quality of welfare services. The Federal Government has enacted various legislation that mandates all welfare services provided to on-reserve First Nations children be of the same standards as those offered by the reference province. Accordingly, children who receive off-reserve welfare services would be the comparator group. How this will affect the FNCFCS complaint is yet to be determined.

References

External links

First Nations and Child Caring Society Homepage
First Nations Child and Family Caring Society v Attorney General of Canada, 2012 FC 445
Moore v British Columbia (Education), 2012 SCC 31
Withler v Attorney General of Canada, 2011 SCC 12
Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia 1989 1 SCR 143
Granovsky v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), 2000 SCC 28
Law v Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration) 1999 1 SCR 497
R v Kapp, 2008 SCC 41
Hodge v Canada (Minister of Human Resources Development), 2004 SCC 65
Vriend v Alberta, 1998 1 SCR 493
Lovelace v Ontario, 2000 SCC 37

Human rights in Canada
Anti-discrimination law in Canada


title: Resilient (Running Wild album)

text:
Resilient is the fifteenth studio album by Running Wild, released on 4 October 2013 via Steamhammer Records.

Track listing

Album Information
In a 2013 interview, Rolf Kasparek described the album as audibly tougher and more compact than the previous album Shadowmaker. He then went on to talk about the song "Bloody Island" in which he explained that the demo version of the song would've been a great fit on their Pile of Skulls album.

Personnel
 Rolf Kasparek – vocals, guitars, bass
 Peter Jordan – guitars

Notes
 As with the previous album, the bass and drums were once again recorded by guests that wanted to remain anonymous
 A limited edition boxed set, released exclusively on the German Amazon website, features a poster flag, a patch, 2 posters, 2 stickers and a photo card

Production
 Rolf Kasparek - producer
 Niki Nowy - mixing, mastering
 Jens Reinhold - cover art

Charts

References

2013 albums
Running Wild (band) albums


title: List of people named Peter

text:
Peter is a common name. As a given name, it is generally derived from Peter the Apostle, born Simon, whom Jesus renamed "Peter" after he declared that Jesus indeed was the Messiah. The name "Peter" roughly means "rock" in Greek.

Religion

Saint Peter (died 64–68), Jesus' disciple
Peter I of Alexandria (d. 311), Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria
 Peter the Deacon (died 605), confidant of Pope Gregory I and rector of Sicily
Peter of Canterbury (died c. 610), the first abbot of the monastery of SS. Peter and Paul in Canterbury
Peter of Pavia (bishop) (died 735), a saint and Bishop of Pavia
Peter of Anagni (died 1105), a saint and Bishop Of Anagni
 Peter, the bishop of Zaragoza (Spain) in 1112
Peter the Deacon (died c. 1140), "the Librarian" (Bibliothecarius)
Peter II of Tarentaise (1102–1174), Archbishop of Tarentaise and saint
Peter Pareuzi (died 1199), a Papal legate, martyr and saint
 Peter, a companion in martyrdom of Berard of Carbio (died 1220)
 Saint Peter of Verona (1206–1252), also known as Peter Martyr
Peter of Auvergne (died after 1310), a scholastic philosopher
 Saint Peter of Moscow (died 1326), Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia
 Saint Peter of Murom (1167–1228), Prince of Murom and Wonderworker
Peter of Aquila (died 1361), an Italian Franciscan theologian and bishop
Peter of Bergamo (died 1482), a Dominican theologian
Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562), a Reformation-era theologian
 Saint Peter the Aleut (died 1815?), a Eastern Orthodox Christian martyr in California
Manuel Corral, leader of the Palmarian Christian Church from 2005 to 2011 under the title Pope Peter II
Peter (Loukianoff) (born 1948), archbishop of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
Peter (Musteață) (born 1967), Russian Orthodox bishop of Ungheni and Nisporeni, Moldova
Peter Chrysologus (died 450), bishop of Ravenna

Nobility
Peter (diplomat) (fl. 860s–870s), Bulgarian noble
Peter (judge royal) (fl. 1183), nobleman in the Kingdom of Hungary
Peter, Constable of Portugal (1429–1466), third Grand Master of the Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
Peter, Count of Dammartin (died 1106), son of Hugh I
Peter, Duke of Coimbra (1392–1449), Portuguese prince of the House of Aviz
Peter, Duke of the Romans, 11th century Roman consul
Peter, King of Hungary (born 1010s), King of Hungary
Peter, son of Petenye (fl. c. 1400), Hungarian lord
Peter, son of Töre (died 1213), Hungarian lord, served as judge royal in 1198
Peter I, Count of Alençon (1251–1284), Count of Perche, son of Louis IX of France
Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona (c. 1068–1104), king of Aragon and Pamplona
Peter I of Arborea (d. 1214), king of Sardinia
Peter I of Bulgaria (died 970), emperor of Bulgaria
Peter I of Courtenay (1126–1183), French noble
Peter I of Cyprus (1328–1369), king of Cyprus
Peter I of Portugal (1320–1367), king of Portugal
Peter I of Serbia (1844–1921) king of Serbia
Peter of Castile (1334–1369), king of Castile and León
Peter of Greece and Denmark (1908–1980), prince
Peter the Great (1672–1725), first Russian emperor
Peter II of Russia (1715–1730), third Russian emperor
Peter III of Russia (1728–1762), seventh Russian emperor

Actors
Peter (actor) (born 1952), Japanese actor
Peter Bogdanovich (1939–2022), American film director and actor
Peter Boyle (1935–2006), American actor
Peter Brocco (1903–1992), American actor
Peter Capaldi (born 1958), Scottish actor, twelfth Doctor Who
Peter Capell (1912–1986), German actor
Peter Cullen (born 1941), Canadian voice actor
Peter Cushing (1913–1994), English actor
Peter Davison (born 1951), English actor, fifth Doctor Who
Peter Dinklage (born 1969), American actor
Peter Duncan (actor), (born 1954), Blue Peter presenter and UK Chief Scout
Peter Facinelli (born 1973), American actor and producer
Peter Falk (1927–2011), American actor
Peter Finch (1916–1977), English-Australian actor
Peter Firth (born 1953), English actor
Peter Fonda (1940–2019), American actor
Peter Hawkins (1924–2006), British actor
Peter Hermann (born 1967), American actor
Peter Hooten (born 1950), American actor
Peter Jurasik (born 1950), American actor
Peter Kraus (born 1939), Austrian singer and actor
Peter Lorre (1904–1964), Hollywood actor
Peter Mayhew (1944-2019), American actor
Peter McRobbie (born 1943), Scottish-born American actor
Peter Noone, (born 1947) English singer-songwriter and actor. Lead singer of Herman's Hermits
Peter Ostrum (born 1957), American veterinarian and child actor
Peter O'Brian (actor), New Zealand/Indonesian actor
Peter O'Toole (1932–2013), English actor
Peter Purves (born 1939), English actor
Peter Scanavino (born 1980), American actor
Peter Sellers (1925–1980), British actor
Peter Serafinowicz (born 1972), British actor
Peter Strauss (born 1947), American actor
Peter Ustinov (1921–2004), English actor, writer and dramatist
Peter Wingfield (born 1962), Welsh actor
"The Peter Dislike Show".  In 2021, in response to YouTube removing dislike figures from its videos, a YouTuber created a channel called the Peter Dislike Show to protest the policy, asking his followers to support his channel by disliking it.

Sportsmen
Peter Aerts (born 1970), Dutch kickboxer
Peter Aitken (born 1954), Welsh footballer
Peter Alonso (born 1994), American baseball player
Peter Asch (born 1948), American water polo player
Péter Bakonyi (fencer, born 1938), Hungarian saber fencer
Peter Baum (born 1990), American lacrosse player
Peter Bonetti (1941–2020), English footballer
Peter Bore (born 1987), English footballer
Peter Crawford (born 1979), Australian basketball player
Peter Creamer (born 1953), English footballer
Peter Crouch (born 1981), English footballer
Peter Desmond (1926–1990), Irish footballer
Peter Duffield (born 1969), English footballer
Peter Ezugwu (born 1976), English business man and former professional basketball player
Peter Fishbach (born 1947), American tennis player
 Peter Foley (snowboarding) (born 1965 or 1966), American former snowboarding coach; suspended for 10 years for sexual misconduct
Peter Fuzes (born 1947), Australian soccer player
Peter Jacobs (fencer) (born 1938), British Olympic fencer
Peter Kalambayi (born 1995), American football player
Peter Khalife (born 1990), Lebanese-Swedish football agent, manager and player
Peter Kirkham (born 1974), English footballer
Peter Lorimer (1946–2021), Scottish footballer
Peter Mandelson (born 1953), British Labour politician
Peter McGiffin, Australian cricket coach
Peter Moylan (born 1978), Australian professional baseball player
Peter Pickering (1926–2006), English footballer
Peter Polansky, Canadian tennis player
Peter Popely (born 1943), English footballer
Peter Rennert (born 1958), American tennis player
Peter Schaale (born 1996), German footballer
Peter Schifrin (born 1958), American Olympic fencer and sculptor
Peter Schmid (1898–?), Swiss Olympic skier
Peter Senerchia (born 1967), American professional wrestling commentator, wrestler, and radio personality best known by his ring name Taz
Peter Skoronski (born 2001), American football player
Peter Spooner (1910–1987), English footballer
Peter Thornley (born 1941), English professional wrestler best known for the ring character Kendo Nagasaki
Peter Till (born 1985), English footballer
Peter Wales (1928–2008), English cricketer
Peter Wallace (born 1985), Australian rugby player
Peter Wragg (1931–2004), English footballer
Peter Zauner (born 1983), Austrian badminton player

Other
Peter (curopalates) (died 602), Byzantine general and brother of Emperor Maurice
Peter (floruit 926), governor of Rome, Roman consul and brother of Pope John X
Peter (stratopedarches), Byzantine eunuch general
Peter (usurper) (died 506), Roman "tyrant" (usurper) against the Visigothic rulers of Spain
Peter the Byzantine (fl. 1770–1808), Greek cantor and composer
Peter the Patrician (c. 500–565), East Roman or Byzantine official, diplomat and historian
Peter the Peloponnesian (c. 1735 – 1778), Greek cantor and composer
Peter Alexander (disambiguation), various people
Peter Alldridge, British lawyer
Peter Daniel Anthonisz (1822–1903), Sri Lankan Burgher doctor, 1st President of the Ceylon Branch of the British Medical Association
Peter Bainbridge (disambiguation), various people
Peter Banks (1947–2013), British musician, songwriter, and producer
Peter Bartsocas (born 1980), American musician
Peter Baxter (disambiguation), various people
Peter Beale (British Army officer) (born 1934), lieutenant-general and Surgeon-General of the British Armed Forces (1991–1994)
Peter Beard (1938–2020) American artist, photographer, diarist and writer
Peter Best (disambiguation), various people
Peter Bishop (artist) (born 21 May 1953), English painter and art historian
Peder Björk (born 1975), Swedish politician
Peter Borish, American investor and trader
Peter William Cassey (1831–1917), African-American 19th-century school founder, minister, and abolitionist.
Peter Carter (disambiguation), various people
Alan Peter Cayetano, Filipino politician and current speaker of the House of Representatives
Peter Cetera (born 1944), American singer-songwriter
Peter Chandler (soccer) (1953–2022), American football player
Peter Chandler (politician) (born 1965), Australian politician
Peter Chester (born 1954), English convicted murderer and pedophile
Peter Colotka, (1925–2019), Slovak academic, lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic (1969–1988)
Peter Crawford (1818–1889), Scottish-born surveyor and pioneer
Peter De Abrew (1862–1940), Sri Lankan Sinhala industrialist and philanthropist
Peter Durant, American politician
Peter Elsbach (1924–2020), Dutch physician
Péter Esterházy (1950–2016), Hungarian author
Peter F. Gontha (born 1948), Indonesian chief executive officer
Peter J. Fos (born 1949), first president and seventh chief executive of the University of New Orleans
Peter Frame (1957–2018), American ballet dancer
Peter Frampton (born 1950), English rock musician, singer-songwriter
Peter Gabriel (born 1950), English rock musician, singer-songwriter and humanitarian
Peter J. Ganci Jr. (c. 1946–2001), American firefighter
Peter van Gestel (1937–2019), Dutch writer
Peter Gibb (1954–2011), Australian criminal and prison escapee
Peter Giles (born 1944), British singer and bassist
Peter Greenaway (born 1942), British filmmaker
Peter Gavin Hall (1951–2016), Australian researcher in probability theory and mathematical statistics
Peter Hayman (1914–1992), British diplomat and paedophile
Peter Hedberg (born 1990), Swedish politician
Peter Hederstedt (born 1963), Swedish officer
Peter Hepplwhite (born 1954), British author
Peter Hitchens (born 1951), English journalist and author
Peter Holmes (disambiguation), various people
Peter Jackson (born 1961), New Zealand film director, screenwriter and film producer
Peter Jeffrey (badminton) (born 1975), Badminton England Head Coach
Peter Jennings (1938–2005), ABC News anchor
Peter Johnsson (born 1962), Swedish politician
Peter Joseph, (born 1979), American independent filmmaker and activist
Peter Kloeppel, German journalist
Peter Knight (disambiguation), various people
Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921), anarcho-communist revolutionary and philosopher
Peter Kürten (1883–1931), German serial killer and rapist
Peter Laird (born 1954), American comic book writer and artist
Peter Law (1948–2006), Welsh politician
Peter Lee Shih Shiong (born 1966), Singaporean singer-songwriter
Peter Lim (born 1954), Singaporean businessman
Peter Linde (born 1946), Swedish sculptor
Peter Lougheed (1928–2012), Premier of Alberta, Canada
Peter Maffay (born 1949), Romanian-born German singer
Peter Max (born 1937), Jewish German-born American illustrator and graphic artist
Peter McReynolds, Northern Irish politician
Peter Medawar (1915–1987), British biologist and Nobel laureate
Peter Morris (disambiguation), various people
Peter Musñgi (born 1945), Filipino broadcast journalist, voice over artist and radio DJ
Peter O'Brian (film producer) (born 1947), Canadian film producer
Peter O'Brien (disambiguation), various people
Peter Oliver (disambiguation), various people
Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg, commonly known as Pete Buttigieg, former mayor of South Bend, Indiana and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate
Peter Pellegrini (born 1975), Slovak politician
Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt, 13th century French scholar and magnetism experimenter
Peter Perry (disambiguation), various people
Peter Persson (born 1955), Swedish politician
Peter Petersen (disambiguation), various people
Peter Peterson (disambiguation), various people
Peter Rådberg (born 1956), Swedish politician
Peter Rehberg (1968–2021), Austrian-British musician
Peter Rennert (born 1958), American tennis player
Peter Revson (1939–1974), American racing driver
Peter Righton (1926–2007), British child protection expert, social care worker and child molester
Peter Schiff, stock broker, financial commentator, and radio personality
Peter Schilling (born 1956), German singer
Peter Schmid (archaeologist) (1926–2022), German archaeologist
Peter Schmid (swimmer) (born 1949), Austrian swimmer
Peter Schowtka (1945–2022), German politician
Peter Scott (1909–1989), British ornithologist
Peter Scully (born 1963), Australian criminal
Peter Seabrook (1935–2022), British gardening writer
Peter Shalson (born 1957), British businessman
Peter Shaw (disambiguation), various people
Peter Shukoff (born 1979), American comedian, musician, and YouTube celebrity
Peter Shumlin (born 1956), American politician
Peter Sinfield (born 1943), English poet, songwriter, and founding member of British rock band King Crimson
Peter Steffensen (born 1979), Danish badminton player
Peter Stöger (born 1966), Austrian football coach
Peter Stone (disambiguation), various people
Peter Stronach (born 1956), English footballer
Peter Sutcliffe (disambiguation), various people
Peter Sutcliffe (1946–2020), prolific English serial killer
Peter Swan (disambiguation), various people
Peter Tait (disambiguation), various people
Peter Tham, Singaporean stockbroker
Peter Thomas (disambiguation), multiple people
Peter Tobin (1946–2022), Scottish serial killer
Peter Tork (1942–2019), American singer and guitarist
Peter Tosh (1944–1987) Jamaican reggae musician
Peter Truong, convicted child sexual abuser
Peter Truscott, Baron Truscott, British Labour Party politician and peer
Peter van der Voort (born 1964), Dutch physician, professor, and politician
Peter Wallis (born 1935), British diplomat
Peter Whittle (disambiguation), various people
Peter Williams (disambiguation), various people
Peter Willis (disambiguation), various people
Peter Woodcock (1939–2010), Canadian serial killer, rapist, and necrophile
Peter Yarrow (born 1938), American singer and songwriter, Peter, Paul and Mary
Peter Wu Junwei (born 1963), Chinese Catholic Bishop

Fictional characters
 Black Peter, from the card game Old Maid.
 Peter McCallister, a protagonist in the Home Alone franchise.
 Peter Beaupre, a recurring protagonist in the movie Home Alone 3.
 Little Peter, in the fairy tale Little Peter's Journey to the Moon.
 Peter the goatherd, in Heidi.
 Peter the Young Pioneer, from the symphonic fairy tale Peter and the Wolf.
 Peter Barlow, a character from the British soap opera series Coronation Street.
Peter Beale, on the BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Peter Bishop, in the TV series Fringe.
 Peter Blood, the protagonist of the novel Captain Blood.
 Peter Brady, on the TV series The Brady Bunch.
 Peter Burnford, on Disney's Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey.
 Peter Dawe, in the film Cyberbully.
 Peter Friedkin, a character from Final Destination 5.
Peter Griffin, the protagonist of the animated TV series Family Guy.
 Peter Gunn, private eye protagonist of Peter Gunn, a 1958–1961 American television series
 Peter Hale, Teen Wolf
 Peter Kirkland (Sealand) from the anime Hetalia.
Pete Lattimer, in the TV series Warehouse 13.
 Peter Ludlow, the rich InGen CEO, main human villain of The Lost World: Jurassic Park
 Pietro or Peter Maximoff, aka Quicksilver, from Marvel Comics.
Sister Peter Marie, in the TV series Oz.
 Peter McCallister, Kevin's father in the Home Alone franchise.
 Peter McGee, a character from The Ghost and Molly McGee.
Peter Pan, created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie.
Peter Parker, the secret identity of Spider-Man, a Marvel Comics superhero.
 Peter Perfect, on the Hanna-Barbera animated series Wacky Races.
Peter Petrelli, on the NBC television series Heroes.
 Peter Pettigrew, from Harry Potter novels.
Peter Pevensie, in The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis.
 Peter Pinkerton, the younger brother of Pinkalicious in the Pinkalicious book series and its animated series adaptation Pinkalicious & Peterrific.
 Professor Peter Port, a recurring character in the American animated web series RWBY.
 Peter Puppy, Earthworm Jim's sidekick from the Earthworm Jim franchise.
Peter Quill, leader of the Guardians of the Galaxy in the Marvel Universe.
Peter Rabbit, an anthropomorphic character in various children's stories by Beatrix Potter.
 Piotr "Peter" Rasputin, aka Colossus, from Marvel Comics.
Pete Ross, a DC Comics character commonly associated with Superman.
 Peter Rumancek from Hemlock Grove.
Peter Solomon, in the novel The Lost Symbol, by Dan Brown.
 Peter Stone, from the TV series Degrassi: The Next Generation.
 Peter Van Holp, in the novel Hans Brinker, or The Silver Skates, by Mary Mapes Dodge.
Peter Venkman, one of the main characters in the Ghostbusters franchise.
 Peter Vincent, a vampire slayer in the 1985 film Fright Night and its 2011 remake.
Peter Wiggin, Ender's older brother in the Ender's Game series by Orson Scott Card.
Lord Peter Wimsey, Gentleman Detective in a series of novels by Dorothy L Sayers.
 Peter Zylbergold, in the film Cyberbully.
Struwwelpeter, in the German children's book by Heinrich Hoffmann.
 Peter from the nursery rhyme Peter Peter Pumpkin Eater.
 Peter from the Wee Sing 1988 film Grandpa's Magical Toys.
 Peter, in the film The Room.
 Peter, the name of many characters in the animated TV series South Park.
 Perfect Peter, from the British animated TV series Horrid Henry.

See also
Peter (disambiguation)
Pete (disambiguation)
Peters (disambiguation)
Pierre (disambiguation)
Piter (disambiguation)
Petrus (disambiguation)
All pages beginning with Peter

References

Peter


title: Ron Casey (Missouri politician)

text:
Ron Casey (November 27, 1952 – February 16, 2014) was an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives from 2004 until 2012. He was a member of the Democratic Party and represented southeastern Jefferson County, Missouri. Born in Dayton, Texas, Casey graduated from Festus High School in 1971. He then went to Tennessee Temple University.  He worked for more than 22 years in Jefferson County government.

Casey died February 16, 2014, at Mercy Hospital St. Louis in Creve Coeur, Missouri, as a result of complications from head injuries from a fall.

References

People from Jefferson County, Missouri
People from Dayton, Texas
Tennessee Temple University alumni
Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
1952 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths in Missouri
Accidental deaths from falls


title: Georg Lindner

text:
Georg Lindner (born 20 January 1983 in Austria) is an alpine skier from Austria but now competes for Moldova. He competed for Moldova at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the super-G event where he did not finish the race.

Although born in Austria, Lindner elected to compete for Moldova from 2009, as a naturalized Moldovan citizen.

References

1983 births
Austrian male alpine skiers
Moldovan male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Moldova
Living people


title: Winchel Bacon

text:
Winchel Dailey Bacon (August 21, 1816March 20, 1894) was an American farmer, abolitionist activist, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a prominent Baptist layman in Waukesha, Wisconsin, and represented Waukesha for one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Background
Bacon was born August 21, 1816, in Stillwater, New York, son of Samuel and Lydia Barber Dailey Bacon. He worked as a clerk in Troy, New York, for a couple of years. In 1836 he was baptized in the Unadilla River by Elder Jabez Swan; he would remain a lifelong Baptist.

He joined his parents in their 1837 move to Butternuts, New York. On July 4, 1838, he married Delia Blackwell, a native of Butternuts. For four years he farmed in Butternuts, teaching school in the winters. On September 2, 1841, the couple left for the west, going by canal from Utica to Buffalo, New York, by steamer from thence to Milwaukee in the Wisconsin Territory, and west from there to what was then called "Prairieville" (now Waukesha), where they would settle for the rest of their lives.

In Wisconsin
Bacon farmed (as he would for the rest of his active life), and taught school, primarily in the winter, through 1844. From 1843, he engaged in the wagon-making and blacksmithing business, in partnership with either his brother-in-law Charles Blackwell or one Edmund Clinton. About 1850 he traded the shop he'd built in Waukesha for a steam-powered sawmill in Brookfield.

Politics and public office
Originally a Whig, Bacon was active in organizing the Liberty Party and then the Free Soil Party in Wisconsin. In 1852, he was elected to a single term in the Assembly from Waukesha as a Free Soiler. He was on the commission that selected a location for a reform school; with his influence, this was sited in Waukesha County, becoming the Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys. He served as its acting director, and supervised the erection of its first buildings. For years he was a trustee of the Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane, and was then appointed a trustee of the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb.

He also held various local offices, including school board member and president of the village board,

Bacon was an abolitionist, and active in the Underground Railroad; it was at his home that fugitive slave Joshua Glover was sheltered on the first night after he had been broken out of jail in Milwaukee in 1854. He became active in the Republican Party after it was founded in Wisconsin, publishing the Waukesha Republican, a campaign newspaper, for three months in 1856 which was credited with raising the Republican margins sufficiently to ensure the election of John F. Potter to Congress.

In June 1861, after the outbreak of the American Civil War, Bacon (who was already chairman of the county's "Central War Committee" to organize and coordinate war efforts) was commissioned by Governor Randall to make purchases of military supplies in New York for Wisconsin (supplies in Wisconsin had been exhausted), a task he completed on time and under  budget. On February 26, 1863, Bacon was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as a paymaster for the United States Army, with the rank of major. He served a while in St. Louis, Missouri, but resigned, as he said that his business interests required that he return to Wisconsin (a recurrent theme throughout his career; he felt that he could not spend more than a few days away from his business[es]).

Personal, religious and civic activities
Bacon was a teetotaler, and a strong advocate of the temperance movement. He was active in the Baptist church, and served at a trustee of several Baptist-affiliated organizations, including the University of Chicago and Wayland Academy, as well as Carroll College, where he also taught for three terms. He was a long-time supporter of evangelist Dwight L. Moody. He was an active Mason.

From his first arrival in Prairieville to the final illness which confined him to his home, Bacon never ceased work as a farmer; in 1853, he won prizes at the Wisconsin State Fair in the farming implements category. Between 1861 and 1871 he was several times elected President of the Waukesha County Agricultural Society, whose charter he had helped write in 1856. He held shares in the Waukesha County Bank, and from 1865 to 1868 served as president of the Farmers' Nation Bank in Waukesha, of which he was majority shareholder. It was liquidated in 1868, not because of lack of success, but because Bacon needed the capital for other purposes.

He and Delia (Blackwood) Bacon had five children, of whom three lived to adulthood. She died February 12, 1880. On September 15, 1883, he married Clara Campbell, of Muncy, Pennsylvania.

He died March 20, 1894, at his home in Waukesha, after a lingering illness of more than three years' duration, and was buried in that city which had grown up around him.

When Bacon's old house in downtown Waukesha was demolished in 1956 to build a parking lot, workers discovered gravestones of the two Bacon children who had died in infancy, Samuel and Winchel Jr.

References

1816 births
1894 deaths
American bankers
Farmers from Wisconsin
Schoolteachers from Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
People from Stillwater, New York
Politicians from Waukesha, Wisconsin
Underground Railroad people
University of Chicago trustees
Wisconsin Free Soilers
19th-century American politicians
Wisconsin Libertyites
Wainwrights
People from Butternuts, New York
Union Army officers
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Carroll University faculty
Wisconsin city council members
Activists from New York (state)
Baptists from New York (state)
19th-century Baptists


title: Belmont, Nebraska

text:
Belmont is a semi-ghost town in Dawes County, Nebraska, United States, approximately  southeast of Crawford. Originally known as Evergreen City, the settlement was existent by summer 1889, due to the construction of the Belmont Tunnel. However, when the town site was surveyed in 1890, only five blocks were sold. Belmont reached its population peak of around eighty residents in the late 1920s. The trend of declining population started with the Great Depression and accelerated with changes in transportation. Improved vehicles meant that shopping and selling of farm products could be done in larger towns nearby, and the Burlington Railroad ceased passenger service in 1969.

History
Shortly after the founding of Dawes County in 1885, two townships in its southwestern portion were designated the Evergreen Precinct. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad built a rail line through the precinct in 1888–1889, and decided the deep canyons of the area made a tunnel necessary. A construction camp was soon erected near the tunnel site, and by the time the railroad reached the temporary community, now known as Evergreen City, around two hundred men were employed working on the tunnel.

When residents applied for a post office, their request was rejected, as there was already another Evergreen City in Nebraska. Ergo, the stop was renamed Belmont by the railroad, after one of its officials. The Belmont post office was established November 9, 1889; its first postmaster was Clarence L. Phelps. It continued operation for 67 years under 18 subsequent postmasters before closing on May 11, 1956.

The area was hit by a drought and economic depression in 1890–1891, and over the course of the next decade, the population of the Evergreen Precinct dropped by more than 50%. As a result, after Belmont was platted in 1890, only five blocks of the survey had been sold by 1893. However, by World War I, the rural economy had started to rebound, and Belmont reached its population peak in the late 1920s, with around eighty residents. At this time it boasted two general stores, two churches, a lumberyard, a brick school, and numerous residences.

Unfortunately, the Great Depression began a downward trend for Belmont. Improved vehicles meant that shopping and selling of farm products could be done in larger towns nearby; Belmont's last store burned in 1949 and was never rebuilt. Additionally, Belmont was economically dependent on the railroad, which ceased passenger service in 1969 because of society's increasing favor of the automobile for transportation. Belmont's depot was closed soon after.

Today, Belmont consists of a small cluster of buildings on a gravel road. Several historic structures are still intact, including the now-bypassed Belmont Tunnel and the aforementioned Belmont School. The town cemetery also remains.

Geography
Belmont is located at  (42.549722, -103.356667).

Education

School District 39 was created on September 13, 1888. Its first school building was a small wooden structure located west of Belmont, built a year later. By the 1926–1927 school year the structure had deteriorated and was deemed too small for the district's student population, leading to the erection of a two-story brick school in Belmont in 1927. The old school was moved and converted into a granary. The Belmont school stopped teaching high school classes in 1948, and started teaching Kindergarten during the fall of the following year. It also served Belmont as a spot for meetings and community dinners. The institution was active until 2008, when it was consolidated into the school district of Crawford. The building was sold at auction in 2010, and currently is being converted to a private residence, despite a fire caused by lightning in 2013.

See also

 List of ghost towns in Nebraska

References

External links

Ghost towns in Nebraska
Populated places established in 1889
Populated places in Dawes County, Nebraska


title: Frisk (confectionery)

text:
Frisk is the name of a line of breath mint candies produced by Frisk International and distributed worldwide by Perfetti Van Melle. Frisk mints are small, pellet-like mint candies contained in a metal cartridge.

History
Frisk was invented in 1986 by a Belgian entrepreneur who, in collaboration with a pharmaceutical company, developed the formula for a particularly strong mint-flavoured candy. Initially, the product was sold exclusively in pharmacies in Belgium, then the market was extended to the Netherlands, Canada and Japan. Especially in the latter country, Frisk gained considerable success, to the point that in 1996 it became the first imported product to obtain recognition as the "Best Food Product of the Year" in Japan. Since 1995, the brand has been distributed by Perfetti Van Melle.  There are several flavor varieties.

The classic box changed in 2004 to a box with a sliding opening, but the biggest change in visual identity came in 2009, with the introduction of the metal box and the new triangular format of the pellets. Perfetti announced in 2014 that they had removed titanium dioxide, an additive considered toxic, from all their products, including Frisk tablets. In 2016, Perfetti Van Melle announced the closure of the original Frisk factory in Haasrode, which marked the loss of 38 jobs.

In 2019, the brand signed a partnership with the audiovisual production company Myvisto to promote two of its new sugar-free products, Frisk Power Mints and Frisk Clean Breath, in advertisements for the internet. According to Perfetti Van Melle, the campaign is a success. In 2020, Frisk introduces Frisk White.

Their products are now sold in Japan, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Canada, Belgium and Norway. Their largest market is in Japan.

In popular culture
In the Japanese television show Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!, comedian Endō Shōzo performs a running gag during their "Absolutely Tasty" cooking segments, in which he uses Frisk candies, hoping to obtain a sponsorship with Frisk by using their product. Instead of enhancing the dishes he creates, it often leads to hilarious results.

References

External links

Belgian brands
Belgian confectionery
Brand name confectionery
Breath mints
Perfetti Van Melle brands


title: Aer (album)

text:
Aer is an album by Swiss pianist and composer Nik Bärtsch's band Mobile recorded in Zürich in 2003 and first released on the Tonus Music label in 2004.

Reception
On All About Jazz Budd Kopman noted "Mobile as a group has a slightly different focus than Ronin. The music has more of the "ritual" in it and less of the "groove." While repetition comes more to center stage, development is not forgotten, and static feeling that grows over time is balanced by addition, subtraction or mutation".

Track listing
All compositions by Nik Bärtsch
 "Modul 29" – 8:01
 "Modul 16" – 11:02
 "Modul 18" – 4:48
 "Modul 20" – 3:07
 "Modul 26" – 2:06
 "Modul 8_11" – 10:42

Personnel
 Nik Bärtsch – piano
 Sha – bass clarinet, alto saxophone
 Mats Eser – marimba, percussion
 Kaspar Rast – drums

References

Nik Bärtsch albums
2004 albums


title: VA-76 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-76 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established on 1 June 1955 and disestablished on 30 September 1969. The squadron was nicknamed the Spirits, from its motto Fighting Spirits of 76.

Significant events
 Nov–Dec 1956: The squadron operated from  off the coast of the Azores during the Suez Crisis, awaiting a call to enter the Mediterranean if necessary.
 Jun 1961: The squadron deployed aboard  and operated in the Caribbean during the crisis in the Dominican Republic that followed the assassination of dictator Rafael Trujillo.
 19 Oct–08 Dec 1962: The squadron deployed aboard USS Enterprise (CVAN-65) and operated in the Caribbean during the Cuban Missile Crisis and naval blockade.
 Mar 1964: Conducted operations in the vicinity of Cyprus during a conflict in that country between Turkish and Greek Cypriots.
 31 Jul–3 Oct 1964: While embarked in Enterprise, the squadron participated in Operation Sea Orbit, the first circumnavigation of the world by a nuclear task force. The sixty-five-day voyage was accomplished without replenishment. The squadron participated in numerous air power demonstrations during the voyage.
 8–25 Feb 1965: A detachment of the squadron’s A- 4C Skyhawks, configured with Sidewinder missiles, was embarked in  for an Atlantic Fleet exercise. The aircraft were used for limited daylight fighter protection for embarked ASW aircraft.
 29 May–15 Jun 1965: While temporarily based ashore at Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico, the squadron flew armed reconnaissance sorties during the Dominican Civil War.
 11 May 1966: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander James B. Linder, was awarded the Silver Star for leading the squadron on a strike against a mobile SAM site at Thanh Hoa, North Vietnam.
 6 Dec 1966: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander A. D. McFall, was killed when his aircraft crashed following a night launch from .
 1 May 1967: During a sortie against Kép Air Base, Lieutenant Commander Theodore R. Swartz shot down a MiG-17 with air-to-ground rockets. This was the first, and only, MiG aircraft to be downed by an A-4 Skyhawk during the Vietnam War. Lieutenant Commander Swartz received the Silver Star for his action.
 14 Jul 1967: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander R. B. Fuller, was shot down during a sortie over North Vietnam. He was released from captivity on 4 March 1973 following the 27 January 1973 ceasefire agreement with North Vietnam.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS Oceana – 01 Jun 1955
 NAS Lemoore – 24 Aug 1966

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 F2H-2 Banshee – Jul 1955
 F9F-8 Cougar – 06 Jan 1956
 F9F-8B Cougar – Apr 1956
 A4D-2 Skyhawk – 27 May 1959
 A4D-2N Skyhawk – 02 Mar 1962

See also

 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Arrowhead Council

text:
Arrowhead Council may be:

Arrowhead Council (Illinois)
Arrowhead Council (Minnesota)
Arrowhead Council (South Dakota)
Arrowhead Council (Texas)
Arrowhead Area Council (California)