title: Korean natural farming

text:
Korean natural farming (KNF) is an organic agricultural method that takes advantage of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and protozoa) to produce rich soil that yields high output without the use of herbicides or pesticides.

KNF emphasizes self-sufficiency by limiting external inputs and relying on recycled farm waste to produce biologically active inputs. While this practice has grown in popularity, scientific evidence of the benefits of KNF is relatively limited.

History
Cho Han Kyu, or Cho Han-kyu, born in 1935 in Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, started the Korean natural farming method. Cho completed his high school education at the age of twenty-nine while still working on his family's farm. In 1965, he went to Japan for three years as an agriculture research student and studied the natural farming methods of the three teachers: Miyozo Yamagishi (), Kinshi Shibata (柴田 欣志) and Yasushi Oinoue (大井上 康).

Upon his return to Korea, Cho combined his newly acquired knowledge with traditional Korean farming methods and fermentation methods (e.g., as used in Korean foods such as Kimchi) and gradually invented what is now called Korean natural farming. He put it into practice by setting up a "Labour-Saving Abundant Harvesting Study Group" in 1966. He opened the Natural Farming Life School and Research Farm in Goesan County, North Chungcheong Province, in 1995.

From 1992 onward, Cho contributed to the 21-part article in the "Modern Agriculture" magazine (), published in Japan. Hoon Park brought KNF to Hawaii from South Korea where, as a missionary, he noticed KNF commercial piggeries with virtually no odour.

In 2008, he renamed his natural farming school and lab to "Cho Han-kyu Global Village Natural Farming Research Institute", or Janong Natural Farming Institute.

Principles
The fundamental insight of KNF is to strengthen the biological functions of each aspect of plant growth in order to increase the productivity and nutrition. Biology thereby reduces or eliminates the need for chemical interventions, whether to protect against predation or competition with other plants. For example, the metabolism of indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) produces complete proteins, while insects prefer incomplete proteins. .

KNF avoids the use of manure, thereby reducing the chance of transferring pathogens from the manure back into the food production chain, although in nitrogen-poor conditions adding manure can increase yield.

 Use the nutrients contained within the seeds
 Use indigenous microorganisms (IMO)
 Maximize inborn potential with fewer inputs
 Avoid commercial fertilizers
 Avoid tilling
 No use of livestock-waste

Indigenous microorganisms
Potential benefits include increased rates of soil organic matter decomposition, increases in nutrient availability, improved plant yield, a reduction in pathogenic microorganisms and an increase in plant defenses. KNF uses aerobic microorganisms.

Beneficial microorganisms can significantly suppress fungal pathogen activity in crops of mildly susceptible Rhododendron cultivars, but highly susceptible cultivars may even be harmed. IMOs can reduce initial yield losses when transitioning from conventional to organic farming, by accelerating soil recovery. Soils depleted by the use of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides may have reduced soil microorganisms.

A healthy rhizosphere contains some 7 million microorganisms per hectare. Its rhizome contains diverse species and a relatively small concentration of microorganisms that damage plant life and a relatively large amount of plant secretions. Mold constitutes 70–75%, bacteria 20–25% and small animals the rest. The microorganisms contain approximately 70 kg of carbon and 11 kg of nitrogen, similar to the amount of nitrogen typically applied as fertilizer.

Soil nutrient cycling
Nutrients are taken up and deposited in a natural cycle unless disrupted by human intervention. As plants decay, "detrital" nitrogen and phosphorus are returned to the soil. Soil fungus and bacteria absorb those nutrients. The fungus and bacteria are consumed by fungal and bacterial-feeding nematodes, respectively. Those nematodes are in turn consumed by omnivorous predatory nematodes. At each stage, some inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus is returned to the soil and is absorbed by the plant.

Bacteria and fungi
Three types of bacteria common in KNF include lactic acid bacteria, purple bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast.

Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae are “fungus roots”, a mutualistic association between a fungus (Myco) such as Aspergillus oryzae and plant roots (rhiza). This provides an interface between plants and soil. The fungus grows into the roots of crops and out into the soil, increasing the root system many thousand-fold. The fungi use their enzymes to convert soil nutrients into a form that crops can use and turn plant carbohydrates into soil amendments, “sequestering” carbon. Miles of mycorrhizae can be found in a single ounce of soil. Mycorrhizal soil inoculation increases soil carbon accumulation by depositing glomalin, which increases soil structure by binding organic matter to mineral particles. Glomalin gives soil its tilth (texture), buoyancy and water absorption ability. Biochar (charcoal) shelters mycorrhizae in myriad, tiny holes. Other mycorrhizal impacts include enhanced water uptake, reduced water needs (increased drought resistance), increased pathogen resistance, and overall increased plant vigor.

Nematodes
Nematodes such as the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis are often seen as harmful to agriculture and are a frequent target of pesticides. However, KNF asserts that 99% of nematodes are beneficial and even consume parasitic nematodes. Herbivorous, fungivorous, bacterivorous, and omnivorous nematodes are important participants in nutrient cycling.

Tillage and other soil management practices affect nematode variety and populations. Conservation tillage benefits bacterivores and fungivores, but the structure index (SI) is not different between cover cropping and fallow fields. In one experiment, simple no-till and strip-till failed to show increases in soil food web structure over two years but did after six years. In the greenhouse, green manure increased omnivorous and predatory populations. Strip-till of sunn hemp cover crop followed by mulching soil surface periodically with sunn hemp residues enhanced SI within 2 cropping cycles.

Stages of plant development
KNF posits three primary stages of plant growth. Each stage requires a different balance of nutrients.

Vegetative growth
In the vegetative growth phase, the plant extends its roots, branches and foliage. The key nutrient in this stage is nitrogen. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of fish amino acids for this phase.

Flowering/reproduction
After the plant has reached sufficient size, the plant diverts its energy into making flowers to attract pollinators. The key nutrients in this stage are calcium and phosphorus. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of fermented plant juice and other amendments for this phase.

Fruiting
After flowering is complete, the plant shifts its focus to bringing its fruit to full ripeness. Calcium enhances the size and sweetness of the plant and its fruit. KNF prefers the use of a preparation of pulverized eggshells in BRV (brown rice vinegar) for this phase.

Amendments
KNF uses a variety of amendments either to directly enhance plant growth or to enhance IMO proliferation. Note: all water first stands in an open container for several days to allow chlorine and any other volatiles to escape. Amendments are diluted 500–1000:1 for use.

Fermented items
KNF ferments a variety of materials for use in different contexts. Fermented products are produced in glass or ceramic (not metal or plastic) containers filled to 2/3-3/4 of their capacity and covered with porous paper or cloth. Brown sugar or jaggery (BS/J) is used as a fermentation agent. KNF does not use molasses, which contains excess moisture. Fermentation takes place in a dark, cool area and the results must be refrigerated or kept in a cool environment. The ideal temperature for fermentation is .

Fermented fruit juice
Fermented fruit juice (FFJ) uses the juice of locally-grown fruits with relatively high sugar content, such as banana, papaya, mango, grape, melon, or apple. FFJ from grapes and/or citrus should be used only on crops of grapes or citrus, respectively.

FFJ is diced or mashed fruit diluted 0.65:1 with water and 1:1 with BS/J, fermented for 4–8 days with periodic stirring.

Fermented plant juice
Fermented plant juice (FPJ) allows material produced by successful plants to be reincorporated into other plants. When BS/J is combined with plant material, plant juices are secreted via osmosis and microbes present on the plant material begin to break down the sugars and create ethanol. This weak alcoholic solution extracts plant components including chlorophyll. FPJ uses young sections of a fast-growing weeds that flourish in/around the fields that are undergoing cultivation or the plants to be cultivated there, harvested in the morning after a dry day. Rain may wash away microbes from the plant, inhibiting proper fermentation, and before sunrise, plant chemistry is more ideal for FPJ. Purslane and comfrey have proven effective choices, as have dropwort, mugwort, watercress, angelica, bamboo shoots, sweet potato vines, beans, pumpkin, and seaweeds.

Layers of chopped plants alternate in 1-inch layers with BS/J. Pressure applied after each layer appropriately minimizes the amount of air.

After 7–10 days, liquid extraction from the mixture has peaked and the remaining solids must be strained from the result.

FPJ is not helpful in the presence of high precipitation and/or high nitrogen conditions.

Fish amino acids
Fish amino acids (FAA) provide nitrogen to enhance vegetative growth. Fish heads, guts, bones, etc. (preferably tuna or other blue-backed fish), crushed to separate flesh and bone are fermented with an equal amount of BS/J.

Two to three teaspoons of IMO3 can dissolve any fat that develops on the surface. The top layer is a mixture of BS/J, IMO4, OHN, mineral A, and rice straw.

Fermentation generally takes 7–10 days.

Kohol Amino Acid
Kohol Amino Acid (KAA) are made from the Kohol or golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculataor is an introduced pest in the Philippines that proliferates in rice paddies and consumes young rice seedlings. Proper water management and transplanting the rice seedlings can mitigate its effects. Due to its high protein content (12%), Kohol may be used to manufacture a crop amendment referred to as Kohol Amino Acid (KAA), as an alternative to FAA in inland regions who do not have access to affordable fish materials.
The Kohol has to be removed from the rice paddy anyway.

The kohol are fermented in the usual way by diluting with BS/J and water and adding IMO3, after boiling to kill the animals and separate them from their shells. Fermentation takes 7–10 days after which remaining solids are removed. During storage, additional BS/J is added to nourish the IMO.

Maltose
KNF maltose is made from sprouted barley (malt). The sprouts are then crushed and repeatedly soaked and separated from water. The malt then rises to the surface and is separated from the water and fermented.

Oriental herbal nutrients

Oriental herbal nutrients (OHN) are fermented from unwashed, dried angelica gigas, cinnamon bark and licorice root Glycyrrhiza glabra along with garlic and ginger.

Preparation and storage
While each herb is fermented separately, the results are combined for use, at the ratio of 2 parts angelica to 1 part of each of the other four.

The material can be fermented 5 times, removing 2/3 of the liquid after each cycle.

Ginger and garlic must be crushed (not ground) to aid fermentation. One herb is mixed with rice wine in equal parts and fermented for 1–2 days. BS/J equal to the amount of herb is added and the mix fermented for 5–7 days. Soju, vodka or another distilled (30~35%) alcohol equal to half of the mixture is added and the mix is fermented for 14 days.

Fermented mixed compost

Fermented mixed compost (FMC) is the result of applying KNF techniques to turn familiar compost materials into IMO-rich material with readily available nutrients.

In the late fall, bacterial activity subsides and fermenting microbes flourish, producing sugar and the best environment for FMC.

A shady, sheltered location with good drainage on an earthen floor provides the best environment. The minimum batch size is 500 kg, to optimize fermentation.

FMC includes at least one item each from the garden (fallen leaves or fruits), rice field (rice bran, straw), field litter from oil cake or bean cake, and ocean (seaweed, fish waste). The bulk of the material is high-protein animal matter with added plant matter. During fermentation, periodic turning is used to keep temperatures below 50 °C. Excess heat or moisture can produce an unpleasant/foul smell, signaling that the batch is ruined.

Wet compost mixes IMO4 with oil cake, fish waste, bone meal, and bean oil cake and water to reach 60% moisture level (damp enough that the material maintains its shape when squeezed by hand). The mixture produces hormones such as auxin (from yeast and filamentous fungus) gibberellins from red fungus and cytokines from germs and yeast.

Dry compost ferments the same ingredients except water with commercial organic fertilizer for 7–14 days.

Rice bran/rapeseed
Another approach surrounds a dampened 10:1 rice bran/tree leaf mixture with a 30:4;2:1:1 mix of rapeseed oil residue/fish waste/bone meal/crab shell/bean cake oil mix, amended with KNF inputs and dampened to reach 50–60% moisture content. The mixture is covered with rice straw sprayed with WSP or biochar.

Lactic acid bacteria
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are anaerobic. In the absence of oxygen, they metabolize sugar into lactic acid. LAB improve soil ventilation, promoting rapid growth of fruit trees and leaf vegetables.

LAB ferment "rice wash water" (water that has been used to wash rice), producing a sour smell when complete, then diluted and fermented again with 3-10: 1 with raw (preferred) or pasteurized milk. and fermented a third time after removing flotsam and jetsam and diluting with BS/J 1:1.

Combining LAB with FPJ increases effectiveness.

Minerals
KNF provides techniques for converting essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and potassium into a form suitable for absorption by plants, by making them water-soluble. Many inorganic mineral sources cannot be processed by plants. The resulting solutions may contain allergens.

Water-soluble calcium
Calcium (Ca) is a common substance. However, the majority exists in the form of calcium carbonate (), which cannot be directly absorbed by plants.

Egg, clam, or other shells can be turned into an excellent source of bio-available, water-soluble calcium (WSCA). Adequate Ca prevents overgrowth, firms fruit, prolongs durability, promotes the absorption of phosphoric acid, helps crops to accumulate and utilize nutrients, is the major component in forming cell membranes, enables smooth cell division, and removes harmful substances by binding with organic acids.

Signs of Ca deficiency include underdeveloped roots, discolored, dry leaves, empty bean pods, poor ripening, soft flesh, and insufficient fragrance. Leafy vegetables may contract Rhizoctonia, while root vegetables become spongy/hollow, lack sugar and fragrance and lack durability in storage. Rice and barley may display low starch, lack of luster and fragrance, and low resistance.

WSCA is produced by grilling and crushing cleaned egg shells and steeping them in BRV until no bubbles are present. The bubbles indicate that the vinegar is reacting with organic matter to produce .

Water-soluble calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphate is soluble in acids, but insoluble in water. Bones including FAA leftovers can be converted into a source of bio-accessible calcium, phosphate and other minerals by boiling them to create a traditional bone broth. The (edible) broth is removed from the bone residue and the bones are burnt to charcoal at low heat. The bones are diluted with 10x BRV and steeped until the bubbling stops (7–10 days).

Water-soluble phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid makes up part of the cell nucleus and reproductive system. Phosphoric acid is involved in photo phosphorylation and electron transport in photosynthesis, anabolite transport and in protein synthesis.

Deficiency hinders cell division and reproduction. Symptoms first appear on the petiole and veins of older leaves. New leaves grow slowly and are dark in color. Flowering is reduced

KNF water-soluble phosphoric acid (WSPA), is made by burning phosphoric acid-rich sesame stems into charcoal. The charcoal is soaked in aerated water to dissolve the acid.

Water-soluble potassium
Although soils that have been treated with lime may have substantial potassium (K), it may be in an insoluble form. Potassium deficiency can also occur in sandy soil which has less humus.

K does not become part of plant structure, but acts to regulate water balances, nutrient, and sugar movement and drives starch and protein synthesis and legume nitrogen fixation. Prior to fruiting, its principal function is to grow meristematic tissues. K promotes the synthesis of carbon dioxide fixing enzymes, decreases the diffusive resistance of  in the leaf and activates various enzyme reaction systems.

Potassium is highly mobile in plants. Leaf potassium content decreases rapidly during fruiting because the fruit requires substantial K.

Symptoms of K deficiency include lower growth rates, smaller fruit and seed sizes, reduced root systems, disease and winterkill susceptibility and lower moisture and nitrogen absorption and content. Chlorosis starts from old leaves after K moves to other plant parts. Their edges become yellowish-brown and appear as a spot in the middle of leaves in some plants.

Water-soluble potassium (WSK) is made from steeping bite-sized pieces of tobacco stems in water for 7 days and diluting the result 30:1 with water.

Seawater
Lower-salinity surface seawater and/or brackish water carries beneficial microbes. Fermenting this water (diluted 30:1 with freshwater and again 200:1 with rice-washed water), OHN and mugwort/dropwort diluted FPJ, uncovered, for a few days increases microbial populations.

Biochar
Biochar is a porous charcoal that has been designed to produce high surface area per unit volume and small amounts of residual resins. Biochar serves as a catalyst that enhances plant uptake of nutrients and water. Its surface area and porosity enable it to adsorb or retain nutrients and water and provide a microorganism habitat.

Bacterial mineral water
Bacteria Mineral Water (BMW) steeps granite, limestone, basalt, elvan and other basaltic rocks along with IMO4 to leach minerals from the rocks, recirculating the output with refreshed IMO4 to increase mineral concentrations.

Silicon can be pulled out of basaltic rock with oxygenated water.  reacts with the Si out of the rock to form  (glass). The rock becomes a reddish dirt. The significant amounts of reduced iron, Fe(II), and manganese, Mn(II), present in basaltic rocks provide potential energy sources for bacteria.

BMW are abundant minerals and trace elements. It promotes plant growth, improves storabilit,  and deodorizes manure.

Soil
In KNF existing soil is amended by a mixture of cultured microorganisms, biochar and growth media. Microorganisms accelerate the conversion of organic compounds and other nutrients from dead plants and animals into a readily-absorbable form. Outputs can include antibiotics, enzymes and lactic acids that can suppress diseases and promote healthy soil conditions.

The basic approach proceeds in four steps, each of which produces a usable amendment. The process takes 3 to 4 weeks.

Microorganism recruitment (IMO1)
A cloth-covered wooden or cardboard box containing fairly dry steamed rice and a few bamboo leaves in a shady area protected from rain left 4–5 days attracts and nourishes local microorganisms. Microorganisms from a somewhat higher altitude than the target fields tend to be more robust. Successful recruitment is indicated by the presence of a white fuzz. Black, green or other prominent colors indicate unwanted strains, requiring a restart. Mixing cultures from different locations, sun exposures and weather increases diversity.

Other ways to collect IMO include filling the hollow core of a freshly-cut bamboo stump with rice or placing the collection box in a rice paddy after harvest.

BS/J nourishment (IMO2)
Diluting the "inhabited" rice with an equal amount of BS/J or jaggery provides nourishment for microorganism growth. After the microorganisms consume the sugar (7 days) the result can be used immediately or stored.

Mill run of wheat (IMO3)
A mix of  of IMO2 with 42.5 mL of BRV, 42.5 mL of FPJ and 21.2 mL of OHN with 30 pounds of wheat mill run or rice bran dampened with  of water provides a medium for further IMO culturing. The result can be extended with  of biochar. The highly porous biochar provides superior habitat for IMO flourishing and retains carbon in the soil.

IMO3 is fermented in 12-inch high shaded furrows for 7 days, sheltered from rain and covered with straw mats or gunny bags, turning as needed to ensure that its internal temperature remains around . The resulting mixture's moisture level should be approximately 40%.

Alternative dilutants are rice bran or rice flour.

Soil (IMO4)
Diluting IMO3 with an equal amount of soil, half from the field and half from a locally fertile area allows the microorganisms to reach a larger area.

Alternative mixture (IMO-A)
Another source recommends an alternative mixture as follows, for each hectare:

Applications

Soil enrichment
IMO3 or IMO4 can be distributed thinly on a field, covered with a layer of mulch to retain moisture and provide a dark environment for further IMO growth.

IMO-A should be applied 7 days before planting, 2–3 hours before sunset and a few hours after mixing. For unproductive fields, apply 14 days before planting.

LAB (diluted 5-10000:1) solubilizes phosphate in phosphate-accumulated soil and encourages phosphate decomposition.

Sun-dried salt can be applied to soil at 5 kg for every 10 acres.

Fertilizer
FMC applied 2–3 hours before sunset on a cloudy day and covered with soil/mulch (or lightly plowed with a 1 to 2 inch rotary hoe adds nutrients and microorganisms to depleted soil. Alternatively, FMC can produce liquid fertilizer by placing it in a cloth bag and immersing in water with other KNF inputs.

Foliar feeding
Other inputs are applied directly via foliar feeding to crops at different stages of crop development. Foliar delivery reduce the amount of nutrients required, since they are delivered directly to the plant. Young seedlings with smaller root systems can still be effectively nourished during the reproductive stage when root activity decreases. Foliar nutrient uptake during the reproductive stage is increased due to a decrease in root activity, and the ability to modify the nutrient inputs accordingly.

Nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients bind with the soil complex easily, making them unavailable for crops. More soluble nutrients such as nitrogen easily leach from the soil and end up polluting groundwater or streams.

Seeds/seedlings
KNF prepares seeds for planting by soaking them in a mixture of 2 parts FPJ, 2 parts BRV, 1 part OHN in 1000 parts water.

Soak fast-germinating seeds such as turnip, cabbage, and bean for 2 hours.

Soak average-germinating seeds such as cucumber, melon, lotus, and squash for 4 hours.

Soak slow-germinating seeds such as rice, barley, and tomato for 7 hours.

Soak other seeds such as potato, ginger, garlic, and taro for 0.5–1 hours.

Underdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 mL of FAA added to this mix. Overdeveloped seedlings can be treated with 1 mL of WSCA added to the mix.

Vegetative growth
Initially, FPJ (diluted 1000:1) from mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) and bamboo shoots help crops become cold-resistant and grow fast and strong. Later arrowroot and water/marsh plants with a firm stem help provide nitrogen (diluted 800 1000:1).

Nitrogen-rich FAA can support vegetative plant growth. For leafy vegetables, it is possible to use FAA continuously to increase yield and improve taste and fragrance. Mackerel amino acids help control mites and the green house whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum).

WSCA sprayed on leaves enhances growth. LAB helps increase fruit and leaf size, but the amount of LAB used should be reduced at later growth stages.

Flowering
Use FFJ from grape, papaya, mulberry, or raspberry on fruit crops to provide phosporic acid.

Alternatively, apply water-soluble calcium phosphate WCAP (diluted 1:1000) or a mixture of water-soluble phosphorus WPA and WSCA. WSCA helps the plant to accumulate nutrients in flower buds, improving future yields and fruit quality.

Use seawater for seedling treatment of onions, big leeks, and garlic.

Fruiting
WSCA and FFJ from apple, banana, mango, papaya, peach, and grape enhance flavor and firmness of fruit.

Fermented seawater increase fruit's sugar content and enhance ripening. Fermented seawater prevents and controls anthracnose.

Animal husbandry
Cultured soil can be used in a piggery or hen house. It converts excrement into soil and thereby allows the piggery to operate without the noxious emissions that have afflicted hog production since agriculture began. With no effluent, the piggery no longer attracts flies and does not require periodic cleaning. No special ventilation is used. Pens are laid with sawdust and wood chips with IMO to break down the manure. Hogs are fed agricultural waste.

LAB mixed with FPJ and optionally WSCA can be used as drinking water for livestock, to help with digestion.

Fermented seawater mixed with BRV and WSC and fed to chickens can be used to prevent feather loss in chickens during the summer.

Composting
LAB can reduce damage to compost by neutralizing ammonia gas produced by immature compost.

Pest management
FPJ and/or FFJ diluted with rice bran and water can preferentially attract pests away from crops.

Aphids can be controlled with 0.7 litres of soap water mixed with 20 litres of water. Alternatively, use HPW. Apply to the plant as a foliar spray.

To control mites, dilute soap water 40x with water. Alternatively, use HPW.

Insect attractants
KNF insect attractants are non-toxic methods of pest control during the egg-laying season.

AIA and FIA devices are installed at the height of fruits or leaves in and around the field. They are usually employed during the peak of the reproductive growth of fruit-bearing plants and during the height of vegetative growth of leafy vegetables.

Aromatic
An aromatic insect attractant (AIA) is a mixture of alcohol and rice wine or brandy and FFJ or FPJ (diluted 300:1) in an open container hung when pests lay their eggs.

Fluorescent
A fluorescent insect attractant (FIA) uses a zinc sheet bent in an "L" shape hung so that the shorter side acts as a roof and the other side hangs vertically. A fluorescent light hangs vertically from the corner of the sheet to attract pests. A water-filled basin containing a few drops of gasoline/kerosene hangs underneath the light to kill insects that alight.

Soap water and hot pepper water
Soap water (SoWa) and hot-pepper water (HPW) are used for controlling aphids and mites. When soap water is applied as a foliar spray, sunlight evaporates the water. Evaporation, heat loss, and condensation kill the pests.

SoWa is chopped lye soap, boiled in water to make a thick soup and then diluted.

HPW is chopped hot peppers, boiled and diluted.

Experience

United States
In Hawaii, crop productivity increased 2-fold with the use of KNF, while reducing water use by 30% and eliminating the use of pesticides. Cane grass proved to be a superior cover crop on degraded Hawaii fields.

South Korea
Natural Farming was adopted by the South Korean government after successful trials growing rice in one county, where every farmer followed the practice. They increased yields, saved money on inputs and obtained a price premium. Rivers and coastal waters experienced environmental benefits.

A co-op of 40 strawberry farmers used KNF exclusively in 300 foot-long greenhouses, producing increasing output and obtaining a higher price.

In another experiment, farmers in an entire county used KNF to become self-sufficient, with each farm raising 500 chickens, 20 pigs and 5 beef cattle.

Mongolia
In the Gobi Desert in Mongolia, harsh wind, and minimal rainfall defeated three attempts to plant trees. With KNF, the trees had a 97% survival rate and as of 2014 had reached 20 feet in height. Corn and barnyard grasses provide livestock feed. Watermelon farming provides a stable income to farmers there.

China
The Chinese Army feeds its service members using its own resources. For the Beijing Olympics, it brought pigs into the city, setting off violent protests over the odour. It then dispatched two officials to South Korea to study Natural Farming. KNF techniques successfully eliminated the odour. The University of Peking now offers Masters and PhD programs in KNF.

See also
 Compost
 Effective microorganism
 Natural farming
 Soil microbiology
 Soil food web

References

Sources

External links
 Natural Farming Hawai'i

Organic farming in Asia
Agriculture in Korea


title: Some Girls, Some Hats and Hitler

text:
Some Girls, Some Hats and Hitler is a 1984 memoir written by Trudi Kanter. The book was initially published in 1984 but was out of print till 1987 when it was discovered by Ursula Doyle in one of the bookstores in Cambridge, England. From 1987 to 2011 it was out of print again.

Plot
The book tells a story of a hatmaker who is Jewish and falls in love with Walter on the eve of World War II. The story follows their lives before and during the war, starting from 1938 when the Germans occupy Austria, and ending with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in 1945. Before the war, she was married to another character, Pepi, divorcing him and ending her relationship with him as best friends. When the Germans invade her homeland, Austria, she emigrates to Czechoslovakia after they establish Kristallnacht, a series of anti-Jewish pogroms. Later on, she and Walter meet in Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia, and  obtain visas to Liverpool, England. There, Walter is detained and sent to an internment camp where he remained until the end of the war. After his release, Trudi marries Walter and he lives for 15 more years.

Reception
The book received two and one-half stars on a scale of four from USA Today.

References

1984 non-fiction books
World War II memoirs
Works about women in war
Charles Scribner's Sons books


title: Equestrian at the 2013 SEA Games – Individual jumping

text:
Individual jumping equestrian at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games was held in Wunna Theikdi Equestrian Field, Naypyidaw, Myanmar on December 18, 2013.

Schedule
All times are Myanmar Standard Time (UTC+06:30)

Results
Legend
RT — Retired
EL — Eliminated
WD — Withdrawn
NS — Not Started
Pen — Penalties

Qualifier

Final

References

Equestrian at the 2013 SEA Games


title: 2014 Asian Women's U19 Volleyball Championship

text:
The 2014 Asian Junior Women's Volleyball Championship held in the Taipei University Gymnasium and the Taipei Gymnasium, in Taipei, Taiwan from 16 July to 27 July 2014. It acted as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2015 FIVB Women's Junior World Championship.

Venues
 Taipei Gymnasium, Taipei – Pool C, D and Classification 9th–15th
 University of Taipei, Taipei – Pool A, B and Final Round

Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 2012 Asian Junior Women's Volleyball Championship.

Preliminary round

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Classification round
 The results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the preliminary round shall be taken into account for the classification round.

Pool E

Pool F

Pool G

Pool H

Classification 13th–15th

Semifinals

13th place

Classification 9th–12th

Semifinals

11th place

9th place

Final round

Quarterfinals

5th–8th semifinals

Semifinals

7th place

5th place

3rd place

Final

Final standing

Awards
MVP:  Du Qingqing
Best setter:  Lee Da-yeong
Best outside spikers:  Lee Jae-yeong and  Du Qingqing
Best middle blockers:  Hu Mingyuan and  Zhang Qian
Best opposite spiker:  Kaori Mabashi
Best libero:  Park Hea-mi

See also
 List of sporting events in Taiwan

References

External links
AVC official website

2014
A
V
V
Asian Junior


title: Holmgrenanthe

text:
Holmgrenanthe petrophila (rocklady, formerly Maurandya petrophila) is a rare perennial desert plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae), and the sole species of the genus Holmgrenanthe. It forms low mats of branched stems growing from a woody base. The leaves have small spines along their edges. The solitary yellow flowers are tubular with five free lobes at the end, the upper two pointing backwards, the lower three projecting forwards. The species is known only from about ten locations, most in the Titus Canyon and the adjacent Fall Canyon, all within the Californian section of Death Valley National Park. It grows in limestone crevices on the canyon walls, often on the north face.

Description

Holmgrenanthe petrophila is an herbaceous perennial with fibrous roots. It is low growing with slender, branched stems arising from a woody base; as it often grows on vertical faces, the stems tend to hang down. Close relatives climb using twining leaf stalks (petioles), but H. petrophila has straight petioles,  long. The leaves are rounded or kidney shaped with small spines or bristles along the margins (spinulose) and at the apex. They are  long by  wide.

In its native habitat, H. petrophila flowers and fruits in spring and early summer, between April and June. The solitary flowers are borne on very short stalks (peduncles), only  long. The green sepals are narrow, pointed and not joined, forming an urn shape around the base of the flower. They are  long by  wide at the base. They have small spines along their margins, like the leaves. The five petals forming the corolla are joined at their bases to form a tube  long. The free lobes at the end of the flower are  long and differentiated into two upper lobes, curving backwards, and three lower lobes, pointing forwards. The color of the corolla has been described as either sulfur yellow throughout or white with a yellow throat.

The style and stamens stay within the flower. The four stamens are of two lengths, the upper two with filaments  long, the lower two with filaments  long. There is also a fifth rudimentary sterile stamen. The ovary has a single chamber with an incomplete T-shaped septum. After fertilization, a globe shaped capsule forms containing tan colored seeds.

Taxonomy

The genus Holmgrenanthe was established in 1985 by Wayne J. Elisens solely for the species H. petrophila, previously placed in Maurandya (including Maurandella). Elisens considered the species sufficiently different from other members of Maurandya to warrant a new genus. For example, it has short mat-forming stems, rather than long climbing or scrambling stems; the edges of the leaves and sepals are spiny; the ovary has a single chamber rather than two. The generic name honors Arthur H., Noel H., and Patricia K. Holmgren, described by Elisens as "dedicated botanists and students of the western flora."

The genus is placed in the tribe Antirrhineae, originally part of the family Scrophulariaceae, but now in the Plantaginaceae.  Within this tribe, Elisens defined the subtribe Maurandyinae for the five North American genera Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya, Maurandya and Rhodochiton (the last of which he included in Lophospermum).

Phylogeny

Lack of relevant information has led to Holmgrenanthe being excluded from the molecular phylogenetic studies confirming that Elisen's Maurandyinae together with Asarina and Cymbalaria form a monophyletic group (clade), but analyses based on morphological characters suggest that Holmgrenanthe was the first diverging genus within the clade, retaining features of the earliest ancestor. The cladogram presented by Ghebrehiwet is shown below:

Species

The sole species in the genus, Holmgrenanthe petrophila, was first described in 1935 by Frederick Vernon Coville and Conrad Vernon Morton (as Maurandya petrophila). They did not explain the origin of the specific epithet, but petro- is derived from the Greek for rock and -phila from the Greek for beloved, so that petrophila means "rock-loving". The plants described by Coville and Morton were growing in a north facing vertical limestone wall in Titus Canyon in Death Valley, California. As noted above, the species was transferred to the new genus by Elisens in 1985.

Distribution and habitat

After the species was first discovered in Titus Canyon, further plants were found in the adjacent Fall Canyon. It is known only from about ten locations, mostly in these two  canyons, all within the Californian section of Death Valley National Park. It grows in limestone crevices on the canyon walls, often on the north face, in areas dominated by creosote bush scrub. Elisens suggested that Holmgrenanthe petrophila might be a "paleoendemic", originally having a much larger range, but now confined to more sheltered and moister microhabitats in desert canyons as a consequence of a warming and drying trend 11,000–8,000 years ago.

Conservation

, Holmgrenanthe petrophila is listed by the California Native Plant Society as "rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere". It is listed as critically endangered by the California State but is not listed at the federal level in the United States, nor in the IUCN Red List.

References

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae genera
Flora of the California desert regions
Endemic flora of California
Monotypic Lamiales genera


title: Alex Blandino

text:
Alessandre Blandino (born November 6, 1992) is a Nicaraguan American professional baseball infielder who is currently a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds. He played college baseball at Stanford and was drafted by the Reds in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. He has played for the Nicaragua national baseball team.

Amateur career
Blandino was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the 38th round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft out of St. Francis High School in Mountain View, California. He did not sign and attended Stanford University. He played college baseball for the Stanford Cardinal from 2012 to 2014, hitting .292/.372/.504 with 27 home runs in 157 games. After his freshman and sophomore seasons, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox of the Cape Cod Baseball League, batting .323 in 2012 and .319 in 2013, and in both seasons was named the starting third baseman for the East Division All-Star team.

Professional career

Cincinnati Reds
The Cincinnati Reds selected Blandino in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. He signed and was assigned to the Billings Mustangs, and after batting .309 with four home runs, 16 RBIs, and a .939 OPS in 29 games, was promoted to the Dayton Dragons, where he finished the season, batting .261 with four home runs and 16 RBIs in 34 games. In 2015, he played for both the Daytona Tortugas and the Pensacola Blue Wahoos, posting a combined .278 batting average with ten home runs and 53 RBIs, and 2016 with Pensacola, batting .232 with eight home runs and 37 RBIs. Blandino spent 2017 with Pensacola and the Louisville Bats, slashing a combined .265/.382/.453 with 12 home runs and 51 RBIs in 125 total games between both teams. Blandino played for the Nicaraguan national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic Qualifier. The Reds added him to their 40-man roster after the 2017 season.

Blandino made his major league debut with the Reds on April 10, 2018, and hit his first major league home run on May 1, 2018, off Milwaukee Brewers pitcher Jacob Barnes. Perhaps his most noteworthy accomplishment with the Reds came July 11, 2018 when he appeared in the 8th inning of a blowout loss against the Cleveland Indians. He struck out two of the four batters he faced, including one with knuckle ball that drew high praise on the broadcast and social media. Blandino eventually tore his ACL on July 20, 2018, and as a result would miss the rest of the season.

In 2019 for Cincinnati, Blandino appeared in 23 contests, slashing .250/.420/.361 with 1 home run and 3 RBI, and did not appear in a major league game in the 2020 season, spending the season at the alternate training site.

He pitched again for Cincinnati on April 28, 2021, in the bottom of the 8th inning against the Los Angeles Dodgers, retiring the one batter he faced on a flyout. The Reds had previously given up 6 runs in the inning, putting them behind 8-0 when Blandino appeared to close out the inning. On July 17, Blandino was placed on the 60-day injured list with a fractured right hand. He was activated off of the injured list in mid-August and optioned to Triple-A Louisville. Blandino was outrighted off of the 40-man roster on November 4. He elected free agency on November 8.

San Francisco Giants
On December 10, 2021, Blandino signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants.

Seattle Mariners
On May 14, 2022, Blandino was traded by the Giants to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for Stuart Fairchild. He was released on August 1, 2022. On January 31, 2023, he announced that he would be representing Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

International career
Born in the United States, Blandino is of Nicaraguan descent through his father. He played for the Nicaragua national baseball team at the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

References

External links

Stanford Cardinal bio

1992 births
Living people
Baseball players from Palo Alto, California
Major League Baseball infielders
Cincinnati Reds players
Stanford Cardinal baseball players
Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox players
Billings Mustangs players
Dayton Dragons players
Daytona Tortugas players
Pensacola Blue Wahoos players
Peoria Javelinas players
Louisville Bats players
Sacramento River Cats players
Tacoma Rainiers players
American people of Nicaraguan descent
2023 World Baseball Classic players


title: List of The Amazing Race Canada contestants

text:
This is a list of contestants who have appeared on The Amazing Race Canada, a Canadian reality game show based on the American series, The Amazing Race. A total of 182 contestants have appeared in the series.

Contestants

Gallery

References

External links

Amazing Race Canada contestants, The
Participants in Canadian reality television series
 Canada


title: List of storms named Sarika

text:
Sarika has been used to name three tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The name was submitted by Cambodia, meaning a songbird.
 Severe Tropical Storm Sarika (2004) (T0419, 23W) – stayed out of the sea.
 Tropical Storm Sarika (2011) (T1103, 05W, Dodong) – affected the Philippines during early June.
 Typhoon Sarika (2016) (T1621, 24W, Karen) – made landfall in the Philippines as a category 4 typhoon in mid-October and struck Hainan afterwards.

The name Sarika was retired after the 2016 typhoon season and was replaced with Trases, which means a woodpecker.
 Tropical Storm Trases (2022) (T2206, 07W, Ester) – affected South Korea.

Pacific typhoon set index articles


title: ORX

text:
Orx is an open-source, portable, lightweight, plug-in-based, data-driven and easy to use 2D-oriented game engine written in C.

It runs on Windows (MinGW and Visual Studio versions), Linux, MacOS, iOS and Android.

General information
Orx provides a complete game creation framework including a 3D scene graph, hardware accelerated 2D rendering, animation, input, sound, physics and much more.

Its main goals are to allow fast game prototyping and creation.

Orx is published under Zlib license.

History:

ORX's root go back to July 2002, reusing some code wrote over the past previous years by Romain Killian. He wanted to try a few new approaches (like an animation graph that you can now see in many big engines but ORX is one of the first that proposed it in a game engine in late 2003). Then he picked up the pace again in 2007, still trying making things differently (that's when the config system was designed).

In 2009, ORX version 1.0rc0 was released. This version of ORX added support for Mac OS X (x86) as well as the support for Win32 and Linux (x86). Generic input system like keyboard, mouse and joystick input and fragment shader support were introduced.

ORX version 1.2 was released in 2010. It came with bugs fixes and optimizations. The major update was the support for iOS and Unicode.

ORX version 1.3rc0 was introduced in 2011. It came out with a bunch of new features like joint support, variable width fonts, OpenGL 2.0 and others. Previous issues and bugs were also resolved. This was the first time when android support was also added to the engine.

ORX version 1.4cr0 was introduced in 2012. Some new features were added to ORX in this update like Interactive console, commands, textured mesh rendering, geometry rendering and previously known issues were fixed.

ORX version 1.11 has been released.in May 2020 with Support changes for MinGW-w64, including new support for 64bit, OSX/Retina and Windows high DPI display, Control over polled physical peripherals, Text animations and more.

ORX version 1.12 has been released in May 2021, with some Major speed & scalability improvements: from 65k to 16M concurrent objects in memory, a complete rewrite of the orxBANK module, Support for joysticks on Android-Native, a simpler Android build pipeline, Nuklear support for new projects and more.

ORX version 1.13 has been released in March 2022, with 70+ updates or new features, including a new SoundSystem plugin based on MiniAudio (OGG, WAV & MP3 files), Support for: config-driven filters for both sounds and buses, multiple sound listeners, sound panning, sound spatialization, Support for the QOI image format, Native arm64 support for MacOS 11/XCode 12.x, etc...

ORX version 1.14 has been released in June 2023, the list change of this version is available here.

The complete list of changes logged since version 1.0 can be found here.

Features
Despite being written in C, Orx has an object oriented design with a plugin architecture. This allows its kernel to be cross-platform and delegates hardware- and OS-dependent tasks to plugins. Most of these plugins are based on other open-source libraries, such as GLFW, SDL and Box2D (LiquidFun fork).

Build files are provided for GCC makefiles, Visual Studio (2017, 2019 & 2022), Codelite, Code::Blocks and Xcode.

Orx contains most of the common game engine features
 automated sprite rendering using 3D hardware acceleration allowing: translations, anisotropic scale, rotation, transparency (alpha blending), coloring (multiply, add and subtract blends), tiling and mirroring
 advanced resource management
 Multiple Render Targets (MRT) and advance compositing support
 geometric display primitives and textured mesh rendering
 camera/viewport system allowing multiple views on one screen with camera translations, zooms and rotations
 3D scene graph used for object positioning, allowing grouped translations, rotations and scales
 sound and music with volume, pitch and loop control, spatialization, hierarchical buses, filters, recording, etc.
 2D physics engine (LiquidFun - fork of Box2D)
 collision detection and rigid body physics and joints
 animation system
 event management
 custom fragment (pixel) shader support
 unicode support
 custom bitmap font rendering
 real time CPU profiler
 interactive "debug" console
 multi-monitor support
 clipboard support

It also provides more unusual features
 object creation is data driven: managing resources requires very little code, everything is controlled through configuration files
 during dev phases, resources can be automatically hotloaded at runtime upon modification on disk, shortening drastically iteration times
 a clock system: this allows the user to keep time consistency everywhere, giving him the ability of doing local or global time stretching
 an animation chaining graph: animation transitions are defined in a graph, this allows the code to request only the final target animation; all transitions will be automated depending on the starting animation
 a custom animation event system: allows easy synchronization with parts of animations
 a visual FX system: config-based combination of curves of sine, sawtooth and linear shapes that can be plugged on object properties: color, alpha, position, translation or rotation
 a powerful resource system: allows users to easily abstract resource access and work with separated development files as well as packed ones for release builds, or even use different sets of resources on different platforms, without having to change a line of code
 an automated differential scrolling: depth scaling and differential scrolling is controlled through config files, allowing differential parallax scrolling on any number of planes
 a powerful configuration system: featuring inheritance, direct random control, encryption/decryption, filtered save and history reload. This allows the user to tweak almost everything without having to change a single line of code
 a spawning system: this allows the user to easily create weapon bullets or, combined with the visual FX system, elaborate visual graphic effects
 an easy UI object positioning system: helps supporting different aspect ratio and provides easy picking/selection framework
 a generic input system: allows users to use any kind of controllers (mouse, joystick, keyboard, touch, accelerometer, ...) through an abstract layer. The user asks for input status using plain names, bindings being done in config files or on the fly for user input customization, for example
 simple scripting via a combination of timelines and commands
 multi-threading support with asynchronous resources loading and hotloading support

The current list of WIP features that will be added in the future
 3D rendering support
 network support

See also

 Game engine
 List of game engines
 SFML
 SDL
 Box2D
 GP2X
 Codelite

References

External links
 Orx Project Site
 Git repository on GitHub.com
 Mercurial repository on SourceForge.net
 Orx wiki

Free game engines
Free software programmed in C
Software using the zlib license


title: 2002 French Open – Men's doubles

text:
Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes were the defending champions, but did not participate together. Paes played with Tomáš Cibulec but they lost in the semifinals to Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor. Bhupathi partnered with Max Mirnyi but they lost in semifinals to Paul Haarhuis and Yevgeny Kafelnikov.

Haarhuis and Kafelnikov went on to win the title, defeating Knowles and Nestor 7–5, 6–4 in the final.

Seeds

Main draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – main draw
2002 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation

Men's Doubles
French Open by year – Men's doubles


title: Machine-readable postal marking

text:
Machine-readable postal marking may refer to:

POSTNET, Postal Numeric Encoding Technique, which encodes ZIP codes, ZIP+4 codes and (optionally) delivery points
Postal Alpha Numeric Encoding Technique, PLANET, barcode used by the U.S. Postal Service
Facing Identification Mark, a bar code designed by the U.S. Postal Service
Intelligent Mail barcode, replaces POSTNET and PLANET
Identification Code Tracking


title: Paris Red Peppers

text:
The Paris Red Peppers Minor League Baseball team played in the East Texas League in 1946 and the Big State League In 1947. The Peppers were based in the United States city of Paris, Texas, and were affiliated with the St. Louis Browns of the American League.

Frank Sacka, Bob Prichard, Pat McLaughlin and Homer Peel played for the team in 1946. Peel also managed the club. Eddie Carnett, Frank Carswell and Jim Walkup were with the team in 1947. The club was managed by Lloyd Rigby in that season.

See also
Paris Rockets

References

Paris, Texas
St. Louis Browns minor league affiliates
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Defunct baseball teams in Texas
Professional baseball teams in Texas
Baseball teams established in 1946
1946 establishments in Texas
Defunct Big State League teams
Baseball teams disestablished in 1947
East Texas League teams


title: Beaudesert Times

text:
The Beaudesert Times is a newspaper published in Beaudesert,  Queensland, Australia.

History
The newspaper was a result of the merger of two existing newspapers, The Beaudesert Despatch and Logan and Albert Leader and The Beaudesert Herald with politician Patrick James Leahy holding the controlling interest. John Adamson Walker and F. Parker had formerly run the Herald and they became manager and editor respectively of the new paper. After Parker left,  Walker became the managing editor. The first issue was published on 10 October 1908; it cost threepence.

In March 1967 it was renamed the Logan and Albert Times, but returned to being the Beaudesert Times in 1985.

In 2012, the newspaper was purchased by Fairfax Regional Media.

References

External links

Newspapers published in Queensland
Beaudesert, Queensland
1908 establishments in Australia
Newspapers established in 1908


title: Chhireshwarnath

text:
Chhireshwarnath (Nepali: छिरेश्वरनाथ) is a municipality in the Dhanusa District of Madhesh Province of Nepal. The municipality was established on 18 May 2014, as a result of the merger between Village Development Committees Ramdaiya, Kumhraul, Sakhuwa Mahendranagar, Hariharpur, Gopalpur, Baninya, and Digambarpur.

Mahendranagar is one of the villages in Chhireswarnath. Its population was recorded to be 10,209 people as of August 2020. Mahendranagar acts as a bridge connecting Dhalkebar and Janakpur. It has the largest cattle market in Nepal and is the assumed source of 65% of cattle, buffalo, and goats in the Kathmandu valley. It also has health facilities that serve the neighbouring communities and one of the largest paper factories in Nepal, Everest Paper Mill, which provides employment to most of the region's residents.

Dhudmati is one of the largest lakes of the Dhanusha District.  Chhireshwarnath is one of the most popular temples dedicated to the God Shiva. Sakhuwabazar has a famous market located in Chhireswarnath Municipality; it is the heart of Chhireswarnath. It has an average annual income of more than 1.25 crore. The Municipality and the majority of the people residing in Chhireshwarnath are heavily dependent on the local market.

Entertainment
Stage shows, concerts, and plays are occasionally organized by local clubs and organizations. At an earlier time, two movie theatres operated in the city: Radha Talkies and Lavkush Chalachitra Mandir. However, due to the rise of technology and home entertainment facilities, they have closed. Lavkush Chalachitra Mandir may have subsequently reopened.

Geography and climate

Chhireswarnath is located in the Terai, the forested and marshy terrain at the base of the Himalaya mountain range. The major rivers surrounding it are the Aurahi and Jalad. Chhireswarnath Municipality is famous for its temples and derived its name from the temple Chhireswarnath.

One can see all six seasons in Chhireswarnath: Basant Ritu (Spring – February/March), Grisma Ritu (Summer – April/May/June), Barsha Ritu (Rainy – July/August), Sharad Ritu (Autumn - September/October), Hemanta Ritu (Autumn-winter - November/December), Shishir Ritu (Winter - December/January).

The best time to visit Chhireswarnath is between September and March. During this period, the weather is pleasant and there are several festivals.

Festivals

There are many festivals celebrated in Chhireswarnath municipality including Chaat, Bhai Tika, Dipawali, Bijaya Dashami, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, Holi, and Raksha Bandhan.

Hotels
Chhireshwarnath has several hotels and restaurants which offer accommodations. These include:
1.Kings Cafe
2.Satabdi Hotel
There are no Lodges Available.So People have to Visit either Janakpur or dhalkebar for Lodging....

Education
Chhireshwor Janata Madhyamik Bidhyalaya is One of the Oldest School called Public Shaikshik Guthi. There are 20 community school and 4 religious schools and 20 private Schools but the quality of education and the education System is not at Par.The School has Lack of Playgrounds and Playful environment for Children.

Social organization
Dhanusha Kabadi Kho-Kho Academy: One of the sports organizations in the city that covers the small area of Mahendranagar.

Cooperative organization
Cooperative organizations in Chhireshwarnath include Mahalakshmi, Griha Laxmi, Laxman Rekha, Khusiyali, Jai Singh Baba, and Upyogi, which provide loan and saving facilities for those in need.

Banks

In Chhireshwarnath, a number of banks offer automated teller machines (ATM's):
 Rastiya Banijya Bank Ltd
 Machhapuchhre Bank Ltd
 Kumari Bank Ltd
 Siddhartha Bank Ltd
 NIC ASIA Bank Ltd
 Agriculture Development Bank Ltd
 Prime Commercial Bank Ltd
 Everest Bank Ltd
 Laxmi Bank Ltd
 Nabil bank Ltd
 Nepal Bank Ltd
 Prabhu Bank Ltd
 Citizen International Bank Ltd
 Sahayogi Bikash Bank

Commercial and industrial facilities
The Main Industry Located here are as Follows
1.Shree Ram Janaki Dalmoth Udhyog
2.Everest Paper Mill
3.Chhireshwor Distilary

References

Populated places in Dhanusha District
Populated places in Mithila, Nepal
Nepal municipalities established in 2014
Municipalities in Madhesh Province


title: Charmaine (musician)

text:
Charmaine Náyade Carrasco (born June 17, 1984), is better known by her mononymous stage name Charmaine, is a Christian pop musician. Her parents are Chilean, but she holds dual Australian and United States citizenship.

Background and early life
Charmaine was born Charmaine Náyade Carrasco on June 17, 1984, in West Covina, California, to Chilean parents Werner and Najee Carrasco (née, González), which is why she holds United States citizenship. However at an early age, her family moved to Sydney, Australia, so she gained Australian Citizenship through naturalization. In addition, Charmaine is an only child.

Music
Charmaine says that artists such as Kate Havnevik, Imogen Heap, Lily Allen, Coldplay just for "anthems in the choruses", Cigaros and Jónsi are who she credits as influences in her music making. Also, she states that DC Talk, Crystal Lewis and Jaci Velasquez are the musicians and bands she listened to while growing up, and she believes that her music sounds like Rachael Lampa. She says her album Love Reality is simply pure pop music with electronic dance elements.

Her second album received a five star rating from Jesus Freak Hideout's founder John DiBiase.

Personnel life
Charmaine is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Discography
Studio Albums

EPs
 The Journey EP (independent) - 2008
 Love Somebody EP (independent) - June 17, 2014

Other appearances

References

External links
 Christian Music Zine interview
 CNN en Español interview

1984 births
Living people
Australian Christians
Australian women singers
American performers of Christian music
Australian performers of Christian music
American women pop singers
Singers from California
Musicians from Sydney
Naturalised citizens of Australia
People from West Covina, California
Australian women songwriters
Songwriters from California
American dance musicians
Australian dance musicians
American synth-pop musicians
Synth-pop singers
American emigrants to Australia
American people of Chilean descent
Australian people of Chilean descent
Hispanic and Latino American musicians
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century Australian singers
American women in electronic music
Hispanic and Latino American women singers


title: Euro league

text:
Euro league may refer to:
 EuroLeague, professional men's basketball league
 EuroLeague Women, professional women's basketball league
 Euroleague for Life Sciences (ELLS) association of European universities in the area of life sciences
 Euro Hockey League (field hockey)
 European Hockey League (ice hockey)
 Euro Beach Soccer League
 Euro League (arcade game) (Association football)

See also
 European league (disambiguation)
 UEFA Europa League (association football)
 FIBA Europe League (basketball)
 NFL Europe League (gridiron football)


title: Belimau

text:
The Belimau bath is a Malay tradition, observed in the month of Ramadan, especially in Bangka Belitung and Riau. The tradition has been carried down for generations.

Belimau consists of washing or bathing for physical and spiritual purification using limau water. In the Pacific Islands, the Belimau tradition ended about 300 years ago, but it was revived around 2006. The Belimau Bath ceremony is held once a year, one week before Ramadan.

References

Malay culture


title: Mineros de Zacatecas

text:
Club Deportivo Mineros de Zacatecas is a Mexican football club from Zacatecas that compete in the Mexican Liga de Expansión MX. They are currently managed by Nacho Castro.

History
In December 2012, Grupo Pachuca purchased the Estudiantes Tecos franchise as they were relegated to the Ascenso MX. The team failed to gain promotion when they lost in penalties to Leones Negros de la U. de G. It was then that Grupo Pachuca decided to move the franchise from Zapopan to Zacatecas so as to not have four teams in Guadalajara. The city of Zacatecas had spent 11 years without an Ascenso team, since Real Sociedad de Zacatecas which were sold to Altamira in the summer of 2003.

The club's name was chosen to be Mineros (Miners) as the city of Zacatecas owes its existence to the discovering of silver mines in the late 16th century. The state of Zacatecas is one of the top producers of gold and silver in the world.

Los Mineros were in their first season of professional soccer, taking 2nd place in the Ascenso MX, yet were left out of the semifinals by its rival Necaxa. The team demonstrated their immediate competitiveness, as in 2014, Gustavo Adrián Ramírez scored the fastest goal in league history (four seconds) against rivals Necaxa to open the season.

In Clausura 2016, Mineros obtained their best achievement so far, in that tournament they reached the final of the tournament, in this series they were defeated against Necaxa by an aggregate of 0–2.

In June 2020 Grupo Pachuca sold the club to local businessman Eduardo López Muñoz, this due to the intentions of the conglomerate to have less teams under its ownership. With the new owner, most of the previously created structures were maintained, the new board was headed by López Muñoz, appointing Marco Iván Pérez as sports director and Omar Alexis Moreno as coach.

Stadium
The Estadio Carlos Vega Villalba has a capacity of 20,068 and is located in the city of Zacatecas. It was inaugurated in 1986 with a friendly match between the Leones Negros de la U. de G. vs. South Korea national football team.

Personnel

Management

Coaching staff

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Reserve teams
Mineros de Fresnillo F.C.
Affiliate team that plays in the Liga Premier – Serie A, the third level of the Mexican league system.

Mineros de Zacatecas (Liga TDP)
Reserve team that plays in the Liga TDP, the fourth level of the Mexican league system.

Mineros Querétaro
Reserve team that plays in the Liga TDP, the fourth level of the Mexican league system.

Season to season

|}

Managers
 Pablo Marini (2014–15)
 Joel Sánchez (2015–16)
 Ricardo Rayas (2016–2017)
 Efraín Flores (2017)
 Andrés Carevic (2017–2019)
 Óscar Torres (2019–2020)
 Omar Alexis Moreno (2020–2023)
 Nacho Castro (2023–)

References

External links

Zacatecas City
Football clubs in Zacatecas


title: European league

text:
European league may refer to:

 CERH European League (roller hockey)
 CERH Women's European League
 Men's European Volleyball League
 Women's European Volleyball League
 European Bridge League

See also
 Euro league (disambiguation)
 European Super League (disambiguation)
 UEFA Europa League (association football)
 FIBA Europe League (basketball)
 NFL Europe League (American football)


title: Inspur K-UX

text:
Inspur K-UX is a Linux distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux produced by Inspur, a Chinese multinational company specializing in information technology. Inspur K-UX 2.0 and 3.0 for x86-64 were officially certified as UNIX systems by The Open Group.

Overview
Inspur K-UX 1.0 was certified for the Linux Standard Base (LSB 4.0) in 2012. K-UX 1.0 was compiled for the IA-64 architecture (Itanium).

Inspur K-UX 2.0 was one of six commercial operating systems that have versions certified to The Open Group UNIX 03 standard (the others being macOS, Solaris, IBM AIX, HP-UX, and EulerOS). The operating system was certified running on the Inspur Tiansuo K1. The operating system was compiled for the x86-64 architecture. The UNIX 03 conformance statement for Inspur K-UX 2.0 shows that the standard C compiler is from the GNU Compiler Collection (), and the system is a Linux distribution in the Red Hat family tree.

Inspur K-UX 2.2 is featured in SPEC benchmark results, running on the Inspur K1 800 server. The benchmark results describe an Intel Xeon-based server running Inspur K-UX Server 2.2. The operating system appears to be based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for the x86-64 architecture.

Inspur K-UX 3.0 was also certified as a UNIX OS, although, according to the same website, its certification expired on 3 February 2019 and has not yet been renewed.

References

External links
 Inspur: Mainframe for Key Applications

Enterprise Linux distributions
RPM-based Linux distributions
Unix variants
X86-64 Linux distributions
Linux distributions


title: Visakha Institute of Engineering & Technology

text:
Visakha Institute of Engineering and Technology  (VSPT) is an educational institution located in Narava, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh was established in 2008 by Varaha Lakhmi Narasimha Swamy Educational Trust.

References

External links

Universities and colleges in Visakhapatnam
Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh


title: Mekayla Diehl

text:
Mekayla Diehl Eppers (née Diehl; born November 28, 1988) is an American beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Indiana USA 2014 and later competed in Miss USA 2014, where she placed in the top twenty. In 2018, Diehl was crowned Mrs. America 2018 and went on to place in the top twelve in South Africa at the Mrs. World competition. Diehl is the first woman of Native American descent to represent Indiana at the Miss USA pageant.

Early life

Diehl was born in Elkhart, Indiana in 1988. She is descended from the Ojibwe tribe, a member of the Ontario-based Zhiibaahaasing First Nation through her mother. She was adopted and raised by her grandmother after being sexually abused by a family friend. She went on to graduate from White Pigeon High School in 2007 after having successful sports careers in basketball, volleyball, and track.

Career
Diehl graduated in 2011 from Albion College with a bachelor's degree of liberal arts in mass communication where she played on the volleyball team and track team. In June 2012 she competed in the Miss Indiana 2012 pageant where she placed second runner-up and won the "Joy of Life" award.  In October of that year she competed in the Miss Indiana USA 2013 pageant where she was a semi-finalist.

In 2012, Mekayla accepted a position at Froggy 102.7 WLEG in Goshen, Indiana as the production director and afternoon DJ until the station's format changed in 2013.

In October 2013, Diehl won the Miss Indiana USA 2014 title which qualified her to compete in the Miss USA 2014 pageant the following year, where she placed in the top twenty. She is the first contestant of Native American descent to represent Indiana at the Miss USA pageant.

Diehl, who is  tall, has been praised for being a "normal", healthy size 4 and for not being skinny, a common stereotype of beauty pageant contestants. Nia Sanchez, the winner of the 2014 pageant, stated that Diehl is no different than the other athletic pageant contestants she competed against. "I felt like this year we had a really healthy class of girls, and that’s what the pageant is about, not being skinny and having the clothes fall off your bones, but being fit, healthy and active. And Mekayla is," she said. "We were at the gym working out together. She was telling me how she does different sports. We all do." Diehl has ignited a wave of positivity encouraging women to be healthy and not go to extremes of having unhealthy habits to be skinny.

Though Diehl is celebrated for being a healthy role model encouraging young women to be active and healthy, a few critics created backlash by stating that even though she represents something new she isn't normal. Their main argument was that the average American woman, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is 5-foot-3 and 166 pounds with a size 12 or 14 waist size and has a BMI of 33.

She received coverage from all the major networks, interviewed by Elisabeth Hasselbeck on Fox and Friends, The Today Show, Good Morning America, Entertainment Tonight. and WNDU

She went on to gain her real estate license with Century 21 Affiliated serving the Northern Indiana region.
Mekayla competed and won the title of Mrs. Indiana America in April 2017 and went on to win Mrs. America 2018 in August at the Westgate in Las Vegas.

In December 2018, Mekayla launched her new pageant coaching business titled Reign Pageantry.

Personal life
In November 2015, she married Christopher Eppers of Elkhart, Indiana.

References

External links

 Mekayla Diehl Profile on missuniverse.com

1988 births
Albion College alumni
American beauty pageant winners
American female models
Female models from Indiana
Living people
Miss USA 2014 delegates
Mrs. America (contest) delegates
Native American female models
Ojibwe people
21st-century Native American women
21st-century Native Americans


title: National Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services

text:
DISIP (General Sectoral Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services) was an intelligence and counter-intelligence agency inside and outside of Venezuela between 1969 and 2009 when SEBIN was created by former President Hugo Chavez. DISIP was established in March 1969 by then-president Rafael Caldera, replacing the Directorate General of Police (DIGEPOL).

History

Origin
With the overthrow of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez in January 1958, Venezuela was plunged into an acute institutional crisis in the police and security area, following the dismantling of the National Security, also called "political police"; the absence of a similar, moderately effective organization gives rise to impromptu Technical Services Criminology, an organization in the popular police jargon was known as Criminology, was a time of much confusion as it was beginning to take shape guerrilla activity and for that reason the political activism of opposition was severely punished.

On April 29, 1959, according to Executive Order No. 51, taking into account the need to define the roles and responsibilities of the various police forces, the general direction of police "DIGEPOL", DISIP's predecessor organization, which creates would have the task "to exercise and coordinate the entire national territory policing aimed at the preservation of order and public tranquility", according to its powers under the Ministry of Interior, in Article No. 18 of the Constitution of Ministries, without prejudice to the legal powers of the Judicial Technical Police and state police. With this decision, the powers of the criminal police, faculty and power of intelligence and state security were separated.

1960s

Creation of DISIP
When Rafael Caldera assumed his first presidency in the Venezuela, he ordered the dissolution of the DIGEPOL and signed Decree No. 15, dated March 19, 1969 giving birth to the "Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention "whose initials are DISIP. Its objective was to demonstrate the initial combat subversion and drug trafficking. Its first commanders took the initiative to establish appropriate training courses and their members, mostly from former members of DIGEPOL.

Political influence
The story of the early years of the DISIP parallels the political group "Bandera Roja", whose leaders Carlos Betancourt (under the pseudonym "Gerónimo"), Eduardo Candiales Barrios and Gabriel Puerta Aponte, Lieutenant Betancourt was confronted by the police organization from the beginning of the group. The DISIP conducted the first dismantling of this group between 1972 and 1973. They also acted against the Party of the Venezuelan Revolution (PRV-FALN) and other smaller groups, achieving frustrate many plans uprising of leftist groups of the time.

1970s
In the mid-1970s to the need to raise the technical level of the security agency was created Brigade speeches or Command groups led by the Commissioner General Henry Rafael López Sisco, who led major operations against leftist guerrillas in the field, these operations being considered DISIP as violations of human rights. In its early DISIP had nearly 4,000 employees on the payroll between the areas of administration, police and intelligence.

1980s
In this framework, the DISIP holding several clashes such as the Cantaura massacre, occurred between 4 and 8 October 1982 where some tens of DISIP agents with more than 400 soldiers from the Armed Forces killed 23 Front guerrilla fighters "Americo Silva", belonging to rural guerrilla group Red Flag.

1990s
In the 1990s, the DISIP forward intelligence operations against the rebel soldiers led by Hugo Chavez and Francisco Arias Cárdenas giving two attempted coup against President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, the national government of the time authorized actions to not investigate suspects of participants in the coup. In the particular case of November 27, 1992, officers of the Brigade of Interventions, Vehicular Patrol, the General Intelligence and Investigation Division faced by National Guard military rebels, the latter being defeated. DISIP facilities in El Helicoide in Caracas were bombed by the rebel air force.

Vargas shootings

During the president Hugo Chávez, a crackdown against suspected looters in the state of Vargas following the 1999 mudslides became, according to Human Rights Watch, "the first major human rights test of the Chávez government. At first, Chávez dismissed the reports as 'suspicious' and 'superficial,' but the evidence soon obliged the president and other top government officials to acknowledge the seriousness of the situation." Human Rights Watch expressed their deep concern over DISIP (and National Guard) abuse in Venezuela in a 2004 personal letter to President Hugo Chávez. Amnesty International has also expressed concern over excessive use of force by the DISIP, and the increasing polarization and political violence in Venezuela since Chávez was elected in December 1998.

International
It is in the area of intelligence where it is thought that the body work to infiltrate the social, economic and political sectors. It is believed that conducted major operations in Central America and even Europe. One of the alleged lesser-known operations was made by the deceased Commissioner General Rafael Rivas-Vasquez who allegedly managed to locate and spy on Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, a Venezuelan militant of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, while living in France. In the eighties, DISIP possibly maintained close ties to other foreign intelligence services to exchange information on Arab revolutionary groups, especially the group of former members of the Red Army Faction or Baader Meinhof group.

Operations

"Simon Bolivar" satellite
The communications satellite "Simón Bolivar" released in 2008 was intended to achieve "absolute and secure handling of information" in the areas of telephony, data transmission and access to Internet which would have access to the DISIP. This would be followed by the purchase of a second satellite for "territorial observation and monitoring."

Monitoring the Amazon
It also participates in the monitoring system of the Amazon of Brazil "(Sivam) – providing information to the DISIP and other national security services to monitor the border to detect and neutralize incursions of guerrillas, drug traffickers, arms smugglers, paramilitary and illegal miners.

References

Venezuelan intelligence agencies
Secret police
Government agencies established in 1969
1969 establishments in Venezuela
Government agencies disestablished in 2009
2009 disestablishments in Venezuela
Defunct intelligence agencies


title: Cneorhinini

text:
The Cneorhinini are a tribe of weevils in the subfamily Entiminae.

Genera

Acherdus
Analeurops
Anaptoplus
Ansorus
Ascopus
Attactagenus
Bletonius
Catapionus
Cneorhinus
Cneorrhinicollis
Ectatopsides
Embolodes
Eucrines
Euonychus
Fleurops
Formanekia
Gypopnychus
Haplocopes
Heydeneonymus
Leptolepurus
Leurops
Mestorus
Mimaulus
Mutocneorrhinus
Nodierella
Oenassus
Omotrachelus
Philetaerobius
Philopedon
Polydius
Pomphoplesius\
Pomphus
Proictes
Protostrophus
Pseudoblosyrus
Pseudoneliocarus
Pseudopantomorus
Pseudoproictes
Pseudoscolochirus
Pseuonyx
Rhadinocopes
Scolochirus
Synaptocephalodes
Synaptocephalus
Tanysomus

References

 Lacordaire, T. 1863: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol.: 6. Roret. Paris: 637 pp.
 Oberprieler, R.G. 2010: A reclassification of the weevil subfamily Cyclominae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 2515: 1–35.
 Roudier, A. 1961: Revision des espèces des Cneorhinus Schönherr appartenant au sousgenre Tretinus Bedel, avec quelques remarques sur la classification des Cneorhinini (Col. Curculionidae). Bull. Soc. ent. France, 66: 191–205

External links

Entiminae


title: Cratopodini

text:
Cratopodini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

Genera
Cratopophilus – Cratopopsis – Cratopus – Hemicratopus – Lujaiella – Pseudiphisus – Scaevinus – Stiamus – Zyrcosoides

References

 Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. & Lyal, C.H.C. (1999) A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Entomopraxis, Barcelona, Spain, 315 pp. https://weevil.myspecies.info/sites/weevil.info/files/Alonso-Zarazaga%20%26%20Lyal,%201999_World%20Catalogue%20%28searchable%29.pdf
Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A., Alonso-Zarazaga, M., Lawrence, J., Lyal, C., Newton, A., Reid, C., Schmitt, M., Slipinski, A. & Smith, A. (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 88, 1–972. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807
Hustache, A. 1919: Synopsis des Curculionides de la Faune Malgache. I. Brachydérides et Otiorrhynchides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 87(3-4): 441-520

External links

Entiminae
Beetle tribes


title: Cylydrorhinini

text:
Cylydrorhinini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

Genera
Caneorhinus – Cylydrorhinus – Gastrocis – Geosomus – Machaerophrys – Telurus – †Dorotheus

References

 Lacordaire, T. 1863: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol.: 6. Roret. Paris: 637 pp.
 Oberprieler, R.G. 2010: A reclassification of the weevil subfamily Cyclominae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa, 2515: 1–35

External links

Entiminae
Beetle tribes


title: All About Jesus

text:
All About Jesus is the debut studio album from Christian pop singer Charmaine. It was released on August 13, 2002 by both Elevate Music and Inpop Records. The album was produced by Jeremy Bose, David Das, Chris Estes, Ainslie Grosser, Jamie Moore and Otto Price.

Critical reception

At Jesus Freak Hideout, John DiBiase rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, calling this "impressive". Phil Thomson of Cross Rhythms rated the album nine squares out of ten, remarking how "this is definitely the best of its kind I have heard in years." At Christianity Today, Russ Breimeier rated the album two stars out of five, indicating how the release contains a "lack of creativity".

Track listing

References

2002 debut albums
Inpop Records albums
Charmaine (musician) albums


title: Cyphicerini

text:
Cyphicerini is a tribe of oriental broad-nosed weevils in the subfamily of beetles known as Entiminae.

Genera
These 134 genera belong to the tribe Cyphicerini:

 Acanthotrachelus Schoenherr, 1842 c g
 Afrodolius Marshall, 1946 c g
 Afrophytoscaphus Hustache, 1936 c g
 Agrostes Marshall, 1944 c g
 Allaeoptochus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Altonomus Desbrochers des Loges, 1907 c g
 Amblyrhinus Schoenherr, 1826 c g
 Amrikus Pajni & Sidhu, 1982 c g
 Amyllocerus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Anosimus Roelofs, 1873 c g
 Aphytoscaphus Hustache, 1947 c g
 Arhines Schoenherr, 1834 c g
 Aspidomycter Marshall, 1943 c g
 Asporus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Asynetus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Atmesia Pascoe, 1870 c g
 Baryconorrhinus Voss, 1959 c g
 Baryrrhinus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Breviepistomus Pajni, Sidhu & Kumar, 1987 c g
 Calomycterus Roelofs, 1873 i c g b
 Canoixus Roelofs, 1873 c g
 Cephaloptochus Bajtenov, 1974 c g
 Chloebius Schoenherr, 1826 c g
 Cnaphoscapus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Cnodostethus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Corigetus Desbrochers des Loges, 1872 c g
 Corymacronus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Crinorrhinus Marshall, 1941 c g
 Cyllomerus Marshall, 1954 c g
 Cyphicerinus Marshall, 1928 c g
 Cyphicerus Schoenherr, 1823 c g
 Cyrtepistomus Marshall, 1913 i c g b
 Deiradorrhinus Marshall, 1941 c g
 Diatropus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Doliophron Marshall, 1941 c g
 Drymophoetus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Echinomyllocerus Yoro & Kojima, 2017 c
 Ecmyllocerus Zimmerman, 1994 c g
 Emperorrhinus Marshall, 1916 c g
 Epicalus Motschulsky, 1858 c g
 Epilasius Faust, 1894 c g
 Episomoides Kôno, 1930 c g
 Epius Marshall, 1948 c g
 Epixynus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Eryngus Marshall, 1948 c g
 Eumyllocerus Sharp, 1896 c g
 Euphalia Pascoe, 1870 c g
 Eusomidius Faust, 1885 c g
 Gobinda Pajni, Sidhu & Kumar, 1987 c g
 Gyratogaster Daniel & Daniel, 1903 c g
 Hackeria Lea, 1911 c g
 Hamartus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Hemerus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Heteroptochus Faust, 1886 c g
 Hilaus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Himachala Pajni, 1990 c g
 Hirsutopes Pajni, 1990 c g
 Holorrhynchus Marshall, 1916 c g
 Howeocis Lea, 1926 c g
 Hypenephorus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Hyperstylus Roelofs, 1873 c g
 Indophytoscaphus Pajni & Sidhu, 1982 c g
 Iranorrhinus Voss, 1959	 c g
 Kairakia Nasreddinov, 1986 c g
 Konomycterus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006	 c g
 Lagenolobus Faust, 1887 c g
 Leianisorhynchus Pic, 1905 c g
 Lepidepistomodes Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Lepidepistomus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Macrocorynus Schoenherr, 1823	 c g
 Marshalla Pajni, 1990 c g
 Matesia Lea, 1904 c g
 Meionops Marshall, 1917 c g
 Myllocerinus Reitter, 1900 c g
 Mylloceropsis Aurivillius, 1910	 c g
 Myllocerus Schönherr, 1823 i c g b
 Myosides Roelofs, 1873 c g b
 Neomyllocerus Voss, 1934 c g
 Neophytoscaphus Hustache, 1935 c g
 Neoptochus Horn, 1876 i c g b
 Nirala Pajni, Sidhu & Kumar, 1988 c g
 Nothomyllocerus Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g
 Oedophrys Marshall, 1941 c g
 Onychophyllobius Schilsky, 1908 c g
 Oophthalmus Marshall, 1943 c g
 Orchobius Marshall, 1944 c g
 Ortholcus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Oxyophthalmus Hochhuth, 1847 c g
 Paramycter Marshall, 1944 c g
 Parapoteriothorax Ter-Minasian & Nasreddinov, 1978 c g
 Parascaphus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Paratitinia Zimmerman & Oberprieler, 2014 c g
 Paurommatus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Peltotrachelus Marshall, 1917 c g
 Peranosimus Voss, 1943 c g
 Peronaspis Suvorov, 1915 c g
 Phaylomerinthus Schoenherr, 1842 c g
 Pholicerus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Phrixopogon Marshall, 1941 c g
 Phylladobius Marshall, 1944 c g
 Phyllolytus Fairmaire, 1889 c g
 Phytoscaphus Schoenherr, 1826 c g
 Piezophrys Marshall, 1944 c g
 Platymycterus Marshall, 1918 c g
 Platytrachelus Schoenherr, 1842 c g
 Pollendera Motschulsky, 1858 c g
 Poteriothorax Ter-Minasian, 1973 c g
 Prolobothrix Voss, 1967 c g
 Pseudobarirrhinus Magnano, 2009 c g
 Pseudoedophrys Kojima & Morimoto, 2006 c g b
 Pseudomyllocerinus Voss, 1959 c g
 Pseudoparascaphus Magnano, 2009 c g
 Psidiopsis Pascoe, 1872 c g
 Ptochella Reitter, 1906 c g
 Ptochus Schoenherr, 1826 c g
 Rhicnostomus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Rhinospineus Hoffmann, 1961 c g
 Robertoides Ramamurthy & Ghai, 1987 c g
 Salbachia Reitter, 1906 c g
 Scaeorrhinus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Sematia Zimmerman, 1994 c g
 Sphaeroptochus Egorov & Zherikhin, 1991 c g
 Stelorrhinus Marshall, 1916 c g
 Synomus Pascoe, 1885 c g
 Syrphax Marshall, 1944 c g
 Tanyscapus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Taractor Pajni, 1990 c g
 Telenica Pascoe, 1872 c g
 Thalponomus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Thlipsomerus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Thyraulus Marshall, 1944 c g
 Tolmesis Faust, 1897 c g
 Transptochus Pajni, Sidhu & Kumar, 1989 c g
 Trapezauchen Marshall, 1944 c g

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

 Lacordaire, T. 1863: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol.: 6. Roret. Paris: 637 pp.
 Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; Lyal, C.H.C. 1999: A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona

External links

Entiminae


title: Dermatodini

text:
Dermatodini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

Genera
Antinia – Burakowskiella – Conaliophthalmus – Cratopoxenus – Decophthalmus – Dermatodes – Dermatoxenus – Dirambon – Eustalida – Heterostylus) – Homoeonychus – Metrioderus – Mroczkowskiella – Ochtarthrum – Phrystanus – Rhinosomphus – Saurophthalmus – Stigmatrachelus – Zyrcosa

References

 Emden, F. van. 1936: Die Anordnung der Brachyderinae-Gattungen im Coleopterorum Catalogus. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 97(1): 66-99

External links

Entiminae
Beetle tribes


title: 1945 Palestine Premier League

text:
The 1945 Palestine Premier League was the first edition of the first tier in the Arab Palestinian football league system (organised by the APSF). The league champions and winners of the trophy, named Arab Bank Shield, was Islamic Sport Club Jaffa.

Competition format
Clubs affiliated to the APSF split into six regional leagues. The champion of each of the six regions advanced to the Palestine championship.

Results

Semi-finals

Source:

Final

References

Palestine Premier League
2


title: Christensenia

text:
Christensenia is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:

Christensenia (beetle) Brinck, 1945, a genus of beetles in the family Curculionidae
Christensenia (plant), a genus of ferns in the family Marattiaceae
Christensia Dózsa-Farkas & Convey, 1997, a genus of oligochaete worms in the family Enchytraeidae, and a junior homonym of Christensenia Brinck, 1945, replaced by Christensenidrilus


title: Ectemnorhinini

text:
Ectemnorhinini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.

Genera
Bothrometopus – Canonopsis – Christensenia – Disker – Ectemnorhinus – Pachnobium – Palirhoeus

References

 Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A.; Lyal, C.H.C. 1999: A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, Barcelona.
 Chapelin-Viscardi, J.-D.; Voisin, J.-F.; Ponel, P.; Van der Putten, N. 2010: [Pachnobium dreuxi, n. g., n. sp. discovered as a fossil and still living in the Crozet Islands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ectemnorrhininae).] Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (n.s.), 46: 125–131.
 Chown, S.L. 1989: Habitat use and diet as biogeographic indicators for subantarctic Ectemnorhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Antarctic science, 1: 23–30.
 Chown, S.L. 1994: Historical ecology of sub-Antarctic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): patterns and processes on isolated islands. Journal of natural history, 28: 411–433.
 Chown, S.L.; Klok, C.J. 2001: Habitat use, diet and body size of Heard Island weevils. Polar biology, 24: 706–712.
 Chown, S.L.; Klok, C.J. 2003: Water-Balance Characteristics Respond to Changes in Body Size in Subantarctic Weevils. Physiological and biochemical zoology, 76: 634–643.
 Chown, S.L.; Kuschel, G. 1994: New Bothrometopus species from Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, with nomenclatural amendments and a key to its weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachycerinae). African entomology, 2(2): 149–154.
 Chown, S.L.; Scholtz, C.H. 1989: Cryptogam herbivory in Curculionidae (Coleoptera) from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. Coleopterists bulletin, 43: 165–169.
 Chown, S.L.; Scholtz, C.H. 1990: Description of the larva of Christensenia antarctica Brinck with implications for the phylogeny of Ectemnorhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Coleopterists bulletin, 44: 255–264.
 Crafford, J.E.; Chown, S.L. 1991: Comparative nutritional ecology of bryophyte and angiosperm feeders in a sub-Antarctic weevil species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ecological entomology, 16: 323–329.
 Dreux, P.; Voisin, J.-F. 1989: Sur la systématique des genres de la sous-famille des Ectemnorrhininae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Nouvelle revue d'entomologie, 6: 111–118.
 Kuschel, G. 1970: COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE OF HEARD ISLAND. Pacific insects monograph, 23: 255–260.
 Kuschel, G.; Chown, S.L. 1995: Phylogeny and systematics of the Ectemnorhinus-group of genera (Insecta : Coleoptera). Invertebrate taxonomy, 9: 841–863,
 Lacordaire, T. 1863: Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol.: 6. Roret. Paris: 637 pp.
 Marvaldi, A.E. 1997: Higher Level Phylogeny of Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) based mainly on Larval Characters, with Special Reference to Broad-Nosed Weevils. Cladistics, 13: 285–312.
 May, B.M. 1970: IMMATURE STAGES OF CURCULIONIDAE OF HEARD ISLAND. Pacific insects monograph, 23: 261–270.
 Waterhouse, G.R. 1853: Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Curculionides. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (n.s.), 2: 172-207

External links

Entiminae
Beetle tribes


title: Somebody Up There Likes Me (1996 film)

text:
Somebody Up There Likes Me () is a 1996 Hong Kong action romance film directed by Patrick Leung and starring Aaron Kwok, Carmen Lee and a special appearance by Sammo Hung.

Plot
With encouragement from his girlfriend, Gloria (Carmen Lee), Ken Wong (Aaron Kwok), a rebellious and stubborn youth, decides to focus on  kickboxing. During a match, Ken accidentally kills Gloria's older brother, Rocky (Michael Tong), and the two break up. Ken is unwilling to give up his kickboxing career and seeks tuition from kickboxing master, Black Jack Hung (Sammo Hung). He also manages to reconcile with Gloria, who supports Ken returning to the ring to complete her brother's wish to challenge Yamada Motokazu (Sawada Kenya), the kickboxing champion of Asia. Due to constantly suffering blows to his head, Ken's is physically traumatized and once able to defeat Yamada, he also collapses.

Cast

Aaron Kwok as Ken Wong
Carmen Lee as Gloria Chan
Sammo Hung as Black Jack Hung (special appearance)
Michael Tong as Rocky Chan
Hilary Tsui as Pam
May Law as Ken's mother
Sawada Kenya as Yamamda Moyokazu
Jun Kunimura as Yamada's manager
Vincent Kok as Loud Boxing Spectator
Clifton Ko as Pau
Ann Hui as Teacher
Lawrence Ah Mon as Doctor
Bonnie Wong as Gloria and Rocky's mother
Perry Chiu as Ken's sister
Chan Tak-hing as Big B / Den
Ken Lok as Pang
Fruit Chan as Policeman
Alan Mak as Policeman
Benny Lam as Po
Lee Man-piu as Ken's Former Master
Winston Yeh as Keith Wong (Ken's father)
Chang Yuk-chuen as Chuen

Box office
The film grossed HK$11,611,563 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 12 January to 14 February 1996 in Hong Kong.

Accolades

External links

Somebody Up There Likes Me at Hong Kong Cinemagic

Somebody Up There Likes Me film review at LoveHKFilm.com

1996 films
1996 action films
1996 romantic drama films
1996 martial arts films
Hong Kong action films
Hong Kong martial arts films
Hong Kong romance films
Kickboxing films
Underground fighting films
Martial arts tournament films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Sports fiction
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Hong Kong films


title: The Opium Clerk

text:
The Opium Clerk is a 2001 novel written by Kunal Basu about the effects of the Eastern opium trade on three generations of an Anglo-Indian “family”. While the novel is nominally about the opium trade it also tells the story of the British trading presence in China and Southeast Asia from the perspective of one of the Indian employees.

See also

 Ibis trilogy

References

2001 novels
Fiction set in 1857
Works about opium


title: Joko Pinurbo

text:
Joko Pinurbo (born 11 May 1962) is an Indonesian poet. His poetry is a mixture of narrative, irony, and self-reflection.

Joko Pinurbo was from the family of an elementary school teacher. He graduated from the Department of Language and Literature Indonesia Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta in 1987. He then taught at his alma mater while helping culture magazine Basis. He has been editor of Base, Slot, and Sadhar published Sanata Dharma University. He also worked at PT Grasindo Yogyakarta.

He is currently working as the editor of Scholastic Script Bank while volunteering in several private institutions and helps the journal Poetry. His work is published in various newspapers, magazines, journals, anthologies and books. His collected poems  Celana (1999) and Di Bawah Kibaran Sarung (2001). In 2001 he won Penghargaan Buku Puisi Terbaik Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, Hadiah Sastra Lontar, and Sih Award (Penghargaan Puisi Terbaik Jurnal Puisi). He was also elected as a literary figure in Tempo. He often appears in discussions and poetry readings at various places / forums, among other transnational Poetry Festival in Jakarta (2001), Winternachten Literature Festival in the Netherlands (2002) and the International Poetry Festival in Solo (2002).

His works
Joko Pinurbo began writing poetry during his late 20s even though he had been reading Indonesian poetry since he was young. When writing poetry, he often creates a mixture of reality and dreams, wisdom with comic elements, the arrogant and the pedestrian, that all can be found in one line and pronounced in one breath.

His work has been published in various newspapers, magazines, journals, anthologies and books. His collected poems Celana (1999) and Di Bawah Kibaran Sarung was published in 2001. In 2001 he won Penghargaan Buku Puisi Terbaik Dewan Kesenian Jakarta, Hadiah Sastra Lontar, and Sih Award (Penghargaan Puisi Terbaik Jurnal Puisi). He was also selected as a literary figure in Tempo. He often appears in discussions and poetry readings in various locations and forums such as the transnational Poetry Festival in Jakarta (2001), the Winternachten Literature Festival in the Netherlands (2002), and the International Poetry Festival in Solo (2002).

Some of Pinurbo's poems seem to be parodies of traditional Indonesian poetry. He was also fond of using imagery that seemed cliche and was rarely found in Indonesia, for example he uses objects commonly found everyday, such as bags, mobile phones, bathrooms, trousers in his work.

Joko Pinurbo's poetry collections
 Celana, IndonesiaTera, Magelang, 1999
 Di Bawah Kibaran Sarung, IndonesiaTera, Magelang, 2001
 Pacarkecilku, IndonesiaTera, Magelang, 2002
 Telepon Genggam, Kompas, Jakarta, 2003
 Kekasihku, Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, Jakarta, 2004
 Pacar Senja: Seratus Puisi Pilihan, Grasindo, Jakarta, 2005
 Kepada Cium, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2007
 Celana Pacarkecilku di Bawah Kibaran Sarung, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2007
 Tahilalat, Omahsore, Yogyakarta, 2012
 Haduh, aku di-follow, Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, Jakarta, 2013
 Baju Bulan: Seuntai Puisi Pilihan, Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2013

In addition to poetry, Pinurbo also writes essays. His works are published in various magazines and newspapers including:  Horison, Basis, Kalam, Citra Yogya, Jurnal Puisi, Mutiara, Suara Pembaruan, Media Indonesia, Republika, Kompas, and Bernas. His poems are also published in various anthologies such as: Tugu (1986), Tonggak (1987), Sembilu (1991), Ambang (1992), Mimbar Penyair Abad 21 (1996), and Utan Kayu Tafsir dalam Permainan (1998).

Awards
As an appreciation of his work, Joko Pinurbo has received many awards, such as the Best Poetry Book Award 2001 Jakarta Arts Council, Hadiah Sastra Lontar, and Sih Award (Best Poetry Award Journal poetry) and he was also elected as a literary figure magazine Tempo. On an international scale, Joko Pinurbo has been invited to read poetry at the Poetry Festival Winternachten transnational 2001 in London, Festival of Literature / Arts Winternachten 2002 in the Netherlands, Indonesian Poetry Forum in 2002 in Hamburg, Germany, and the International Poetry Festival-Indonesia 2002 in Solo. His anthology Di Bawah Kibaran Sarung won one of the prizes for best 1998-2000 poetry collection from the Jakarta Arts Council. In 1997 one of his essays was awarded a prize by the literary magazine Horison.

References

1962 births
Living people
20th-century Indonesian poets
Indonesian writers
21st-century Indonesian poets
Indonesian male poets
20th-century male writers
21st-century male writers


title: 1946 Palestine Premier League

text:
1946 Palestine Premier League was the second edition in the first tier in the Arab Palestinian football league system, organized by the APSF. The champion was Shabab al-Arab Haifa, defeating Islamic Sports Club Jaffa in the final to win its 1st title.

References

Palestine Premier League
2


title: Lovedso EP

text:
Lovedso is the third self-produced solo EP by Svoy. It was released internationally on March 18, 2014. The album is the first collection of entirely new material by the artist in two years and is a follow-up to Solved EP (2012). "I am beyond thrilled to share the new music with my fans. Making this EP was incredibly satisfying on multiple levels" said Svoy in a press statement. Music critic Chelsea Lewis of TheCelebrityCafe.com gave the album three stars out of five and described it as a "...Multi-level complex musical vibe". One of the songs on the album was written in collaboration with Grammy-nominated Universal Music Group writer/Platinum producer, Ced Solo.

Track listing

Personnel
Svoy – keyboards, keytar solo, vocals, producer, programming, arrangement, sound engineering, mixing, mastering, art direction, design

References

2014 EPs
Svoy albums


title: The Green EP

text:
The Green EP may refer to:

 The Green EP (Bibio EP), 2014
 The Green EP (Professor Green EP), 2008

See also
 The Green Album (disambiguation)
 Green Tour EP, by The Album Leaf