title: Bloyd Formation

text:
The Bloyd Formation, or Bloyd Shale, is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

Stratigraphy
The Bloyd Formation conformably overlies the Hale Formation and unconformably underlies the Atoka Formation. Five formal and one informal members are recognized in the Bloyd Formation (in stratigraphic order):
Kessler Limestone Member
Dye Shale Member
Parthenon Sandstone Member (also known as the "middle Bloyd sandstone")
Woolsey Member
Baldwin coal (an informal unit at the top of the Woolsey Member)
Brentwood Limestone Member

In the eastern parts of the Ozarks in Arkansas, the Bloyd Formation becomes undifferentiated with the underlying Hale Formation and is called the Witts Springs Formation.

Paleontology

Brachiopods

Anthracospirifer
A. newberryi
Antiquatonia
A. coloradoensis
Hustedia
H. brentwoodensis

Linoproductus
L. nodosus
Orthotetes
Rhynchopora
R. magnicosta
Tesuquea
T. formosa

Bryozoans

Anisotrypa
Coscinotrypa
C. fayettevillensis
C. gracilens
Fenestella
F. morrowensis
F. serratula
F. venusta
Fistulipora
Glyptopora
G. crassitoma
Lyropora
Matheropora
M. triseriata

Polypora
P. anastomosa
P. constricta
P. elliptica
P. kesslerensis
P. magna
P. purduei
P. triseriata
P. washingtonensis
Phyllopora
P. cribosa
Prismopora
P. concava

Rhombopora
R. attenuata
R. lepidodendroides
R. snideri
R. tabulata
Septopora
S. implexa
S. reversispina
Sulcoretepora
S. brentwoodensis
S. sinuomarginata
Tabulipora
T. tuberculata

Cephalopods

 Axinolobus
 A. modulus
 A. quinni
 Bisatoceras
 B. micromphalus
 B. secundum
 Boesites
 B. scotti
 Branneroceras
 B. branneri
 Cancelloceras
 Cymoceras
 C. miseri
 Diaboloceras
 D. neumeieri
 Euloxoceras

 Gaitherites
 G. morrowensis
 Gastrioceras
 G. adaense
 G. araium
 G. attenuatum
 G. branneri
 G. fittsi
 Glaphyrites
 G. depressus
 G. morrowensis
 G. oblatus
 Homoceratoides
 H. crancens
 Liroceras
 Metadimorphoceras
 M. subdivisum

 Mooreoceras
 M. normale
 Perigrammoceras
 Phaneroceras
 P. compressum
 P. kesslerense
 Proshumardites
 P. morrowanus
 Pseudoparalegoceras
 P. compressum
 P. kesslerense
 Pseudopronorites
 P. arkansiensis
 P. quinni
 Pseudorthoceras
 P. knoxense

 Pygmaeoceras
 P. pygmaeum
 P. solidum
 Solenochilus
 Stearoceras
 S. smithi
 Stenopronorites
 S. arkansiensis
 Syngastrioceras
 S. globosum
 S. oblatum
 Verneuilites
 V. pygmaeus
 Wiedeyoceras
 W. smithi

Conodonts

 Adetognathus
 A. gigantus
 A. lautus
 Hibbardella
 Idiognathodus
 I. sinuosis
 Idiognathoides
 I. convexus
 Ligonodina
 L. typa

 Metalonchodina
 Neognathodus
 N. kunamai
 Neoprioniodus
 Spathognathodus
 S. minutus
 Streptognathodus
 S. suberectus

Crinoids

 Affinocrinus
 A. grandis
 A. progressus
 Alcimocrinus
 A. girtyi
 Allocatillocrinus
 A. rotundus
 A. rotundus multibrachiatus
 Anchicrinus
 A. planulatus
 A. rugosus
 Anobasicrinus
 A. braggsi
 Arkacrinus
 A. constrictus
 A. dubius
 Atokacrinus
 A. tumulosus
 Calycocrinus
 C. furnishi
 C. symmetricus
 Cibolocrinus
 C. circulus
 C. regularis
 C. spinosus
 C. tumidus

 Cromyocrinus
 C. grandis
 Dicromyocrinus
 D. optimus
 D. subaplatus
 Diphuicrinus
 D. croneisi
 D. pentanodus
 Endelocrinus
 E. matheri
 Globacrocrinus
 G. pirum
 Lassanocrinus
 L. daileyi
 L. minutus
 L. multinodus
 L. nodus
 L. strigosus
 Lecythiocrinus
 L. asymmetricus
 Megaliocrinus
 M. aplatus
 M. exotericus
 Metacromyocrinus
 M. gillumi
 M. papulosus

 Metautharocrinus
 M. cockei
 M. spinifer
 Morrowocrinus
 M. fosteri
 Palmerocrinus
 P. kesslerensis
 Paracromyocrinus
 P. oklahomensis
 Paradelocrinus
 P. aequabilis
 Paragassizocrinus
 P. caliculus
 P. magnus
 Paramphicrinus
 P. magnus
 Perimestocrinus
 P. pumilus
 P. teneris
 Phacelocrinus
 P. brevis
 P. rosei
 Planacrocrinus
 P. conicus
 P. minutus

 Platyacrocrinus
 P. brentwoodensis
 Platycrinites
 Sciadiocrinus
 S. cascus
 S. crassacanthus
 Scytalocrinus
 S. crassibrachiatus
 Stenopecrinus
 S. ornatus
 Stereobrachicrinus
 S. pustulosus
 Strongylocrinus
 S. hansoni
 S. ornatus
 Ulrichicrinus
 U. oklahoma
 U. pentanodus

Flora
Archaeolithophyllum
A. missouiense
Cuneiphycus
C. aliquantulus
Donezella
Eflugelia
Girvanella
G. minuta
Paraepimastopora
Stachedoides
S. spissa

Foraminifera

Ammodiscus
Ammovertella
Archaediscus
Asteroarchaediscus
A. rugosus
Biseriella
Calcitornella
C. adherens
Climacammina
Diplospahaerina
D. inaequalis
Endothyra
Endothyranella
Eolasiodiscus
E. donbassicus

Eosigmoilina
Eostafella
Hemigordius
H. harltoni
Millerella
M. marblensis
M. pressa
Monotaxinoides
M. transitorius
Neoarchaediscus
Palaeonubecularia
Paramillerella
P. pinguis
Planoendothyra
P. evoluta

Plectogyra
Pseudoglomospira
Tetrataxis
T. maxima
Trepeilopsis
T. minima
Tuberatina
T. plana
Turrispiroides
T. multivolutus

Ostracods
Amphissites
A. confluens
A. nodosus
A. rothi
Bairdiolites
Hollinella
H. bassleri
Kegelites
Kirkbya
K. bendensis
K. jolliffana
Pseudoparaparchites

Sponges
Haplistion
H. sphaericum
Steioderma
S. hadra
Virgaspongia
V. ichnata

Trace Fossils
Conostichus
C. arkansanus

Incertae sedis
Asphaltina
A. cordillerensis
Clacisphaera
C. laevis
Nostocites
Osagia
Proninella
P. strigosa

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous Arkansas
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Pitkin Formation

text:
The Pitkin Formation, or Pitkin Limestone, is a fossiliferous geologic formation in northern Arkansas that dates to the Chesterian Series of the late Mississippian. This formation was first named the "Archimedes Limestone" by David Dale Owen in 1858, but was replaced in 1904. The Pitkin conformably overlies the Fayetteville Shale and unconformably underlies the Pennsylvanian-age Hale Formation. Some workers have considered the top of the Pitkin Formation to be a separate formation called the Imo Formation. However more recently, others have considered it as an informal member of the Pitkin Formation.

Paleofauna
Early work aimed at creating a comprehensive list for all fossils found in the Pitkin Formation was done by Easton in 1943. Unless otherwise stated, all species below can be found in his 'Fauna of the Pitkin Formation.'

Formanifera

Archaediscus
A. stilus
Asteroarchaediscus
A. rugosus
Earlandia
Endothyra
E. kleina
E. phrissa
Endothyranella
Eosigmoilina
E. explicata
E. rugosa
Eostaffella
Eotuberitina
Monotaxinoides
Neoarchaediscus
Nodosarchaediscus
Paramillerella
Planospirodiscus
Plectogyra
Priscella
Pseudoammodiscus
P. priscus
Pseudoglomospira
Tetrataxis
T. corona
Trepeilopsis
Zellerina
Z. designata
Z. discoidea

Porifera, Sponges

Cliona

Scyphozoa
Conularia Originally considered to be a gastropod.

Anthozoa, Corals

Amplexus
Aulopora
A. gracilis
Caninostrotion
C. variablilis
Kinkaidia
Lesliella
Leonardophyllum
Lonsdaleia
L. major
L. minor
Michellinia
M. macerimuris
Parvaxon
Pleurodictyum
P. eugenei
P. meekanum
Syringopora
Triplophyllum

Blastoidea

Pentremites
P. elongatus
P. godoni
P. laminatus
P. obesus
P. platybasis

Crinoidea, Sea Lilies

Agassizocrinus (see unidentified section)
A. patulus
Aphelecrinus
A. planus
Bronaughocrinus
B. figuratus
Camptocrinus
Carinocrinus
C. stevensi
Castillocrinus
Catillocrinus
Cosmetocrinus
C. eventus
Cromyocrinus
Culmicrinus
Cyathocrinus
Delocrinus
Dichocrinus
Hydreionocrinus
Linocrinus
L. floweri
Onychocrinus
O. pulaskiensis
Pachylocrinus
Paianocrinus
P. aptus
P. durus
Paracymbiocrinus
P. pitkini
Pelecocrinus
P. stereostoma
Pentaramicrinus
P. modulus
Phacelocrinus
Phanocrinus
P. cooksoni
P. irregularis
Poteriocrinus
Pterotocrinus
P. tridecibrachiatus
Scytalocrinus (see unidentified section)
S. braggsi
S. dunlapi
S. garfieldi
Taxocrinus
T. whitfieldi
Telikosocrinus
T. caespes
T. residuus
Zeusocrinus
Z. foveatus

Ophiuroidea, Brittle Stars
This group was originally place under Stelleroidia in early studies.
Aganaster
A. singulatus
Schoenaster

Echinoidea, Sea Urchins

Archaeocidaris

Worms
Previous studies have grouped these diverse animals into a single, obsolete taxon: Vermes.
Spirorbis

Bryozoa, "Moss-animals"

Anisotrypa
A. solida
Archimedes (called Archimedipora in early studies)
A. communis
A. compactoides
A. compactus
A. distans
A. fosteri
A. fragilis
A. intermedia (A. intermedius)
A. invaginata (A. invaginatus)
A. lunatus
A. magnus
A. meekanus
A. moorei
A. pitkinensis
A. proutana (A. proutanus)
A. sublaxus
A. swallovana (A. swallovanus)
A. terebriformis
Batostomella
Chellotrypa
C. distans
Chilotrypa
C. regularis
Dichotrypa
D. levis
Dyscritella
Fenestella
F. cumingsi
F. matheri
F. rectangularis
F. serratula
F. tenax
Fistulipora
F. introspinosa
Glyptopora
G. crassa
G. michilinia
Lyropora
L. solida
Meekopora
M. abrupta
M. tenuis
Polypora
P. whitei
Rhombopora
Septopora
S. biserialis
S. cestriensis
S. subquadrans
Tabulopora
T. cestriensis
T. microfistulata
T. poculoformis
T refiexa
T. subtilis

Brachiopoda

Adectorhynchus
A. suspectum
Athyris
A. cestriensis
Buxtonia
B. arkansana
Camarophoria
C. cestriensis
C explanata
Chonetes
C. oklahomensis
C. sericeus
C. tumescens
Cliothyridina
C. sublamellosa
Composita (See unidentified section)
C. subquadrata
C. trinuclea
Crania
C. infimbriata
Diaphragmus
Dielasma
D. arkansanum
D. formosum
D. illinoisensis
D. shumardanum
D. whitfieldi
Echinoconchus (See unidentified section)
E. alternatus
Eumetria
E. costata
E. pitkinensis
E. vera
Girtyella
G. indianensis
Hustedia
H. multicostata
Krotavia
K. lucerna
Lingula
Lingulidiscina
L. newberryi var. moorefieldana and ovata
Linoproductus
L. pileiformis
Martinia
Orthotetes
O. kaskaskiensis
O. stenopsis
O. subglobosus (var. protensa)
O. uspectum
Productus
P. cestriensis
P. fasciculatus
Pustula
Reticularia
R. setigera
Spirifer
S. leidyi
S. pellaensis
Spiriferina
S. spinosa
Streptorhynchus
Syringothyris
S. aequalis
Tetracamera
T. neogenes

Bivalvia, Bivalves
This group was also referred to by another name in earlier studies: Pelecypoda.

Allorisma
A. walkeri
Astartella
Aviculopecten
A. batesvillensis
A. eurekensis
A. keoughensis
A. morrowensis
A. multilineatus
A. pitkinensis
Conocardium
C. peculiare
Cypricardella (See unidentified section)
Edmondia
E. crassa (Along with E. crassa var. suborbiculoidea)
E. pitkinensis
Leda
L. vaseyana
Leiopteria
Leptodesma
Myalina
M. compressa
M. longicardinalis
Nucula
N. illinoisensis
Parallelodon
Pteronites
Schizodus (See unidentified section)
S. arkansanus
S. chesterensis
S. depressus
S. insignis
Solenomya
Sphenotus
S. cherokeense
S. gibsonense
S. quadriplicatum

Scaphopoda, Tusk Shells
Laevidentalium

Gastropoda, Snails

Bellerophon (See unidentified section)
B. pitkinensis
Bucanella
Colpites
Euphemites
E. incarinatus
Clabrocingulum
Gosseletina (See unidentified section)
Helcionopsis
H. reticulatus
Hemizyga
Holopea
H. newtonensis
Latischisma
Leptoptygma (See unidentified section)
Microptychis
Mourlonia
M. angulata
Naticopsis
Neilsonia
Phanerotremas
Platyceras
P. subrotundum
Pseudozygopleura
Sphaerodoma
S. subcorpulenta
Stegocoelia
Straparolus
S. planidorsatus
S. triliris
Strobeus (See unidentified section)
Strophostylus

Cephalopoda

Arcanoceras
A. furnishi
Coloceras (see unidentified section)
Cravenoceras
C. hesperium
C. richardsonianum
Cycloceras
C. randolphensis
C. equoyahensis
Dolorthoceras (See unidentified section)
D. eurekensis
Eoasianites
E. globosus
Eumorphoceras
E. bisulcatum
Metadimorphoceras
Mooreoceras
Syngastrioceras
Trizonoceras

Trilobita
Grifithides
G. pustulosus
Kaskia
K. chesterensis
K. pitkinensis
Paladin
P. mucronatus

Ostracoda
Glyptopleurain
G. optina
Paraparchites
Primitia
P. fayettevillensis

Vertebrata
Cladodus
Deltodus
Petalodus

Plantae, Plants
"Encrusting Algae" has been reported but not assigned to any genus.
Archaeolithophyllum
Asphaltina
A. cordillerensis
Girvanella
Rectangulina

Unidentified
Following is a list of fossils also found in the Pitkin by Easton in 1943 that have gone unidentified.
 A "Cup Coral"
 A member of the genus Pentremites
 Three species within Agassizocrinus
 Two species within Scytalocrinus
 A totally unidentifiable Crinoid
 Two species of Bellerophon
 Two species of Gosseletina
 Two species of Leptoptygma
 Two Species of Strobeus
 One species each of Composita and Echinoconchus
 Two species of Cypricardella
 Two species of Coloceras, one of which may actually be Leuroceras
 One species of Dolorthoceras
 An unnamed shark spine

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Carboniferous Arkansas
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: St. Joe Formation

text:
The St. Joe Formation or St. Joe Limestone Member is a geologic formation or member in northern Arkansas, southern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma. It preserves fossils of the Mississippian subperiod including crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoa, conodonts, blastoids, ostracods and rugose coral.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous Arkansas
Mississippian Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotemperate deposits
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Witts Springs Formation

text:
The Witts Springs Formation is a sandstone geologic formation in Arkansas with thin layers of limestone, shale, and siltstone. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

Paleontology

Bivalves
Aviculopecten
A. arkansanus
Conocardium
Myalina
Pleurophorus
Posidonia
Sphenotus

Brachiopods
Antiquatonia
A. morrowensis
Composita
C. ozarkana
Juresania
Linoproductus
Schizophoria
S. altirostris
Spirifer

Cephalopods
Gastrioceras
G. adaense
Glaphyrites
G. globosus
G. morrowensis
G. oblatus
Mooreoceras
Pygmaeoceras
Stenopronorites
S. arkansiensis

Coral
Michelinia

Gastropods
Bellerophon
Donaldina
Euphemites
Glabrocingulum
Knightites (Retispira or Cymatospire)

Scaphopods
Laevidentalium

Trilobites
Paladin

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Carboniferous Arkansas
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Annona Chalk

text:
The Annona Chalk is a geologic formation in Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. The formation is a hard, thick-bedded to massive, slightly fossiliferous chalk. It weathers white, but is blue-gray when freshly exposed. The unit is commercially mined for cement. Fossils in the Annona Chalk include coelenterates, echinoderms, annelids, bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, and some vertebrate traces. The beds range in thickness, up to over 100 feet in depth in some areas (such as at White Cliffs)., but thins to the east and is only a few feet thick north of Columbus, Arkansas and is completely missing to the east. The break between the Annona Formation and the Ozan Formation appears to be sharp with a few tubular borings up to a foot long extending down from the Annona in to the Ozan.

Exposures

Paleofauna

Ammonites
Baculites
B. crickmayi
B. taylorensis
Didymoceras
Didymoceratoides
D. binodosum
D. clardyi
Nostoceras
N. (Nostoceras) danei
N. (Nostoceras) monotuberculatum
N. (Nostoceras) plerucostatum
N. (Nostoceras) pulcher
Oxybeloceras
O. crassum
Pachydiscus
Placenticeras

Ostracods

Alatacythere
A. ponderosana
Bairdoppilata
B. rotunda
Brachycythere
B. ovata
Bythocypris
B. windhami
Cythere
Cytheris
C. austinensis
C. caudata
C. communis
C. filicosta
C. paraustinensis
Cytherelloidea
C. crafti
C. tollettensis
Cytheropteron
C. blakei
Haplocytheridea
H. bruceclarki
H. globosa
H. micropunctata
H. plummeri
Krithe
K. cushmani
Loxoconcha
L. fletcheri
Monoceratina
M. montuosa
M. pedata
Orthonotacythere
O. hannai
Paracypris
Phacorhabdots
P. texanus
Veenia
V. ozanana

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

 Notes on the Annona Chalk, Norman L. Thomas and Elmer M. Rice, Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Dec., 1932), pp. 319–329

Cretaceous Arkansas
Cretaceous geology of Texas


title: Arkadelphia Marl

text:
The Arkadelphia Marl, also called the Arkadelphia Formation, is a geologic formation in Arkansas in Clark, Nevada, and  Hempstead counties. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

Paleofauna

Bony fish

Rays

Sharks

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Brownstown Marl

text:
The Brownstown Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Comanche Formation

text:
The Comanche Formation is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Kansas
Cretaceous Arkansas
Cretaceous geology of Texas


title: De Queen Formation

text:
The De Queen Formation, formerly known as the DeQueen Limestone Member is a Mesozoic geological formation located in southwestern Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma in the United States. Fossil sauropod and theropod tracks have been reported from the formation. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period, particularly the Albian age.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
 List of stratigraphic units with sauropodomorph tracks
 Sauropod tracks
 Paleontology in Arkansas

Footnotes

References

 Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. .

Albian Stage
Cretaceous Arkansas
Ichnofossiliferous formations


title: Dierks Limestone

text:
The Dierks Limestone is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

External links

Cretaceous Arkansas
Aptian Stage


title: Marlbrook Marl

text:
The Marlbrook Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas.  It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

Paleofauna

Ostracods

Alatacythere
A. pondersana
Amphicytherura
A. dubia
Bairda
Bairdoppilata
B. pondera
Brachycythere
B. ledaforma
B. ovata
B. rhomboidalis
Bythocypris
B. windhami
Clithrocytheridea
C. fabaformis
Cythereis
C. costatana
C. hannai

Cytherella
C. coryelli
C. navarroensis
C. scotti
Cytherelloidea
C. austinensis
C. crafti
C. greenensis
C. spiralia
C. tollettensis
Cytheris
C. communis
C. costatana
C. filicosta
C. pidgeoni
C. tuberculifera
C. verricula
Cytheropteron
C. blakei
C. castorensis
C. harrisi

Echinocythereis
E. bartoni
Haplocytheridea
H. bruceclarki
H. councilli
H. fabaformis
H. globosa
H. micropunctata
H. monmouthensis
H. plummeri
Krithe
K. cushmani
K. swaini
Loxoconcha
L. fletcheri
Monoceratina
M. marssonitina
M. montuosa
M. pedata
M. prothroensis

Morrowina
Neocythere
N. (Neocythere) pseudoconcentrica
Orthonotacythere
O. (Orthonotacythere) hannai
O. (Orthonotacythere) polita
Paracypris
P. angusta
P. goodlandensis
Pterygocythere
P. saratogana
Trachyleberis
T. communis
T. pideoni
Veenia
V. arachoides
V. ozanana
Xestoleberis
X. opina

Avians
Hesperornis

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Nacatoch Formation

text:
The Nacatoch Formation is a geologic formation in Arkansas, USA. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Nacatoch Sand

text:
The Nacatoch Sand is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas
Cretaceous geology of Texas


title: Saratoga Chalk

text:
The Saratoga Chalk is a geologic formation in Arkansas.  It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period, specifically ammonites.

Paleofauna

Ammonites
Baculites
B. ovatus
B. undatus
Didymoceras
D. navarroense
Gaudryceras
Hoploscaphites
H. pumilis
Jeletzkytes
J. nodosus
Lewyites
L. oronensis
Nostoceras
N. approximans
N. colubriformis
N. draconis
N. helicinum
N. hyatti
N. pauper
Pachydiscus
P. arkansanus
Pseudokossmaticeras
P. galicianum
Solenoceras

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Ozan Formation

text:
The Ozan Formation is a geologic formation in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

Paleofauna

Ostracods

Alatacythere
A. ponderosana
Amphicytherur
A. dubia
Bairdoppilata
B. rotunda
Brachycythere
B. ledaforma
B. rhomboidalis
B. sphenoides
Bythocypris
B. windhami
Clithrocytheridea
C. fabaformis
Cytheris
C. bicornis
C. caudata
C. communis
C. costatana
C. dallasensis
C. hannai
C. paraustinensis
C. plummeri
C. spoori
C. verricula
Cytherella
C. austinensis
Cytherelloidea
C. crafti
C. ozanana
C. spiralia
C. tollettensis
Cytheropteron
C. blakei
Haplocytheridea
H. bruceclarki
H. councilli
H. globosa
H. insolita
H. micropunctata
H. plummeri
Krithe
K. cushmani
K. postporjecta
Loxoconcha
L. fletcheri
Monoceratina
M. montuosa
M. pedata
M. prothroensis
Orthonotacythere
O. hannai
Phacorhabdots
P. texanus
Pterygocythere
P. saratogana
Veenia
V. arachoides
V. gapensis
V. ozanana
Velarocythere
V. reesidei

Avians
Hesperornis

Outcrops

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous geology of Oklahoma
Cretaceous Arkansas
Cretaceous geology of Texas


title: Holly Creek Formation

text:
The Holly Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period which belong to the Trinity Group.

Flora

 Cheirolepidiaceae

Fauna

 Indeterminate Chondrichthyes
 Indeterminate Actinopterygii
 Indeterminate Amiidae
 Indeterminate Semionotiformes
 Indeterminate Pycnodontiformes
 Anomoeodus caddoi
 Lissamphibia
 Indeterminate Helochelydridae
 Naomichelys sp.
 Indeterminate Trionychids
 Indeterminate Coelognathosuchia
 Squamata
 Sciroseps pawhuskai
 Dinosauria
 Acrocanthosaurus sp.
 Deinonychus sp.
 Richardoestesia sp.
 Indeterminate Titanosauria
 Indeterminate Nodosauria

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Cretaceous Arkansas


title: Smackover Formation

text:
The Smackover Formation is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

The Smackover Formation consists of oolitic limestones and silty limestones.

Mineral resources

The Smackover Formation has been a prolific source of petroleum. The 1922 discovery of the Smackover oil field, after which the Smackover Formation is named, resulted in a sizeable oil boom in southern Arkansas.

In addition to being a petroleum reservoir, as of 2015, the brine from the Smackover Formation is the only source of commercial bromine in the United States.

A 2022 report estimated that the lithium brine in the formation has "sufficient lithium to produce enough batteries for 50 million electric vehicles."

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas
 Smackover, Arkansas
 Bromine production in the United States
 Lithium production
 Brine mining

References

Jurassic Arkansas
Oxfordian Stage


title: List of Lizard Lick Towing episodes

text:
Lizard Lick Towing is an improvised American reality television series. It is filmed in the style of cinéma vérité, and the network behind the show, truTV, state that their series "feature real-life situations," unlike other reality shows "which often involve contests or other highly staged events." The show is a spin-off of the truTV series All Worked Up, and follows Ron Shirley, his wife Amy, Bobby Brantley, and their team of repossession agents in Wendell, North Carolina (the town that has jurisdiction over the Lizard Lick unincorporated area).

, 91 episodes of Lizard Lick Towing have aired, the most recent season ending in late 2014.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2011)

Season 2 (2011–12)

Season 3 (2013)

Season 4 (2013–14)

References

External links

 Lizard Lick Towing on TruTV

Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes


title: Tymon Mabaleka

text:
Tymon Mabaleka (1950 – 27 June 2014) was a Zimbabwean footballer and music producer. He was nicknamed "The Whitehorse". His career lasted for nearly twenty years in sports and another fifteen years in the music industry.

Mabaleka was born in Nswazi in Umzingwane District. He attended Longfield Primary School in Nswazi for his early education. He then relocated to Bulawayo and studied at Msitheli High School and Mzilikazi High School for his secondary education.

Football
He played for the famous Bulawayo football team Highlanders Football Club. Tymon Mabaleka began his illustrious career at Eastlands before moving to Highlanders in 1973. That season is considered as the turning point for the once docile giant in semi-professional football. Bosso who had been promoted back to the elite league after topping the lower division in 1972 following their demotion in 1971 when they finished with a paltry seven points, relied on the brilliance of players like Tymon Mabaleka to assert themselves as one of Zimbabwe’s top sides.

With Tymon Whitehorse Mabaleka in the thick of things alongside Cavin Duberly, Lawrence Phiri, Billy Sibanda, Edward Dzowa, Kenny Luphahla, Mike Mpofu, Peter Bhebhe, Ananias Dube, Josiah Nxumalo and Boet Van Ays, Highlanders won their first major title – the 1973 Chibuku Trophy and regional title.

Music
He worked for Gallo Records, and was one of the country’s most revered music producers, and often referred to as Zimbabwe's "Quincy Jones" (the prolific & well renowned American music producer).

The list of musicians he worked with and produced is endless. He is responsible for the success of Zimbabwe's household musicians like Oliver Mtukudzi, James Chimombe, Lovemore Majaivana, Ilanga, Solomon S’kuza and the Fallen Heroes, Ebony Sheikh, The Frontline Kids, Shepherd Chinyani and the Vhuka Boys, Leonard Zhakata, the late John Chibadura, The Essentials, Kassongo Band and the Zimbabwe People’s Band, as well as many others.

He is responsible for having produced one of Matabeleland’s most recognised and adorable musicians, the legendary Lovemore Majaivana, with top hits such as Stimela, Salanini Zinini, Sono Sami Kuleliyani’zwe, Dabuka Mhlaba, Inyoni Bani, Engelamathambo, Mkhwenyana, Bambulele uMajola, to name a few.

Tymon Mabaleka also produced the late Solomon S’kuza’s Love and Scandals album and many more of Solomon Skuza’s hits. In his passion for high-quality productions, he also came up with gems such as Ebony Sheikh’s ‘Emhlabeni Kunzima’, Shepherd Chinyani and the Vhuka Boys’ ‘Mai Vakakosha’, ‘Mugove’ by Leonard Zhakata and the late John Chibadura’s collections.

Mabaleka died in Harare, Zimbabwe from unknown causes, aged 64 or 65. He is survived by his wife, Josephine Mabaleka, and three children. He was buried in Bulawayo on July 3, 2014..

References

External links
 Zimbabwe: Rip, Tymon Mabaleka

1949 births
1950 births
2014 deaths
Zimbabwean men's footballers
Zimbabwean record producers
Highlanders F.C. players
Alumni of Mzilikazi High School
Men's association football players not categorized by position


title: Everton Formation

text:
The Everton Formation is a geologic formation in northern Arkansas that dates to the middle Ordovician Period. Unconformities separate this formation from the underlying Powell Formation and the overlying St. Peter Sandstone Formation. Named for the town of Everton in Boone County, Arkansas in 1907, the Everton Formation is composed primarily of dolomite, limestone, and sandstone.

Stratigraphy
Five named members of the Everton Formation are recognized (in stratigraphic order):
Jasper Limestone Member
Newton Sandstone Member
Calico Rock Sandstone Member
Kings River Sandstone Member
Sneeds Limestone Lentil

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Ordovician Arkansas
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Croatian Cup

text:
Croatian Cup may refer to:

Croatian Football Cup
Croatian Football Super Cup
Croatian Women's Football Cup
Croatian Basketball Cup, also known as Krešimir Ćosić Cup
Croatian Handball Cup
Croatian Water Polo Cup
Croatian Minute Movie Cup


title: Smithville Formation

text:
The Smithville Formation or Smithville Dolomite is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Ordovician Arkansas
Ordovician Missouri
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Theodosia Formation

text:
The Theodosia Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

The Rich Fountain Formation was proposed in 1944 as the equivalent of the lower part of the Jefferson City Formation in a new Jefferson City Group. The Theodosia Formation was proposed as the equivalent of the upper Jefferson City and the lower portion of the overlying Cotter Formation. This formation was also proposed for use in Arkansas by the original author of the name, but it was never used by other workers in Arkansas.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Ordovician Arkansas
Ordovician Missouri
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: St. Clair Limestone

text:
The St. Clair Limestone is a geologic formation in Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period. This high density, high magnesium dolomitic limestone was originally classified as a marble in Oklahoma due to the fact that it would hold a high polish, hence Marble City.

Physical characteristics

Paleofauna

Brachiopods

 Ancillotoechia
 A. marginata
 Antirhynchonella
 A. thomasi
 Atrypa
 Atrypina
 A. erugata
 Boucotides
 B. barrandei
 Brachymimulus
 B. americanus
 B. elongatus
 Cymostrophia
 Dicamaropsis
 D. parva
 Dicoelosia
 D. bilobella

 Dolrorthis
 D. nanella
 Eospirifer
 E. acutolineatus acutolineatus
 E. acutolineatus pentagonus
 Hircinisca
 H. havliceki
 Homoeospirella
 H. costatula arkansana
 H. pygmaea
 Howellella
 H. splendens
 Kozlowskiellina
 K. vaningeni
 Leangella
 L. (Opikella) dissiticostella
 Leptaena

 Lissostrophia
 Meristina
 M. clairensis
 Nanospira
 N. clairensis
 Nucleospira
 N. raritas
 Onychotreta
 O. angustata
 O. lenta
 O. (Eilotreta) miseri
 O. multiplicata
 O. (Lissotreta) plicata
 Orthostrophella
 O. clairensis
 Oxoplecia
 O. infrequens

 Parastrophinella
 P. lepida
 Placotriplesia
 P. juvenis
 P. praecipta
 Plectatrypa
 P. arctoimbricata
 Plectodonta
 Plicocyrtia
 P. arkansana
 Resserella
 Shaleria
 Streptis
 S. glomerata
 Virginiata
 V. arkansana

Conodonts

 Acodus
 A. inornatus
 A. unicostatus
 Ambalodus
 A. triangularis
 Belodella
 B. flexa
 Belodina
 B. inclinata
 Carniodus
 C. carnulus
 C. carnus
 Cordylodus
 C. delicatus
 C. flexuosus

 Distacodus
 D. mehli
 D. posterocostatus
 D. procerus
 Distomodus
 D. kentuckyensis
 Drepanodus
 D. homocurvatus
 Hadrognathus
 H. staurognathoides
 Hindeodella
 H. equidentata
 Ligonodina
 L. egregia
 L. silurica

 Neoprioniodus
 N. costatus
 N. excavatus
 N. multiformis
 N. subcarnus
 Oistodus
 O. inclinatus
 Ozarkodina
 O. gaertneri
 O. inclinata
 O. media
 O. ziegleri
 Paltodus
 P. multicostatus
 P. trigonius

 Panderodus
 P. gracilis
 P. simplex
 P. unicostatus
 Plectospathodus
 P. extensus
 Pterospathodus
 P. amorphognathoides
 Spathognathodus
 S. ranuliformis
 S. rhenanus
 S. wolfordi
 Trichonodella
 T. brassfieldensis
 T. carinata
 T. exacta
 T. variflexa

Trilobites

 Ananaspis
 Balizoma
 Cheirurus
 C. phollikodes
 C. prolixus
 Cornuporoetus
 C. kyphora
 Dalmanites
 D. howelli
 D. ptyktorhion

 Decoroproetus
 D. anaglyptus
 D. corycoeus
 Deiphon
 D. longifrons
 Delops
 Diacalymene
 D. altirostris
 Encrinurus
 E. egani

 Eophacops
 E. fontana
 Harpidella
 H. butorus
 H. spinulocervix
 Lepidoproetus
 L. (Dipharangus) xeo
 Proetidae
 Proetus
 P. vaningeni

 Radnoria
 Raphiophorus
 R. niagarensis
 Sphaerexochus
 S. glaber
 Staurocephalus
 S. lagena
 S. oarion
 Sthenarocalymene
 S. scutula
 Tropidocoryphinae

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Silurian Arkansas
Silurian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Jack Russell (Wexford hurler)

text:
Jack Russell (born 1950) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a full-back for the Wexford senior team.

Born in New Ross, County Wexford, Russell first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel during the 1970 championship. Russell went on to play a bit part for the team for over a decade, and won two Leinster medals as a non-playing substitute. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions.

At club level Russell enjoyed a lengthy career with Geraldine O'Hanrahan's.

Throughout his inter-county career Russell made 7 championship appearances for Wexford. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1983 championship.

Honours

Team

Wexford
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1976 (sub), 1977 (sub)
Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship (3): 1969, 1970, 1971
All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1968
Leinster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1968

References

1950 births
Living people
Geraldine O'Hanrahan's hurlers
Wexford inter-county hurlers


title: White Bluff Formation

text:
The White Bluff Formation is a marl, sand, and clay geologic formation in Arkansas that is part of the Jackson Group. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period, specifically the Eocene.

Description
The White Bluff Formation is composed of three members: the Pastoria Sand Member, the Caney Point Marl Member, and the Rison Clay Member. The Pastoria Sand is a clayey sand containing glauconite and mollusca fossils. The Caney Point Marl is a chalky clay with glauconite and various invertebrate fossils. The Rison Clay is a clay with interbedded silts containing foraminifera fossils and scattered mollusca molds. The entire formation was deposited as a marine sequence.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Arkansas
 Paleontology in Arkansas

References

Paleogene Arkansas


title: Many Happy Returns (1934 film)

text:
Many Happy Returns is a 1934 American pre-Code Paramount Pictures comedy film directed by Norman Z. McLeod and starring Gracie Allen, George Burns, and George Barbier.

Plot

Cast
Gracie Allen as herself
George Burns as himself
George Barbier as Horatio Allen
Joan Marsh as Florence Allen
Ray Milland as Ted Lambert
Stanley Fields as Joe
William Demarest as Brinker
Johnny Arthur as Davis
Franklin Pangborn as Allen's Secretary
Egon Brecher as Dr. Otto von Strudel
Jack Mulhall as actor
Morgan Wallace as Nathan Silas
Kenneth Thomson as Motion Picture Director
Guy Lombardo as himself
Veloz and Yolanda as specialty dancers

References

External links

1934 films
American comedy films
1934 comedy films
Films directed by Norman Z. McLeod
Paramount Pictures films
American black-and-white films
1930s American films
1930s English-language films
English-language comedy films


title: Lux Summer Theatre

text:
Lux Summer Theatre is a CBS Radio (Columbia Broadcasting System) anthology series which ran during the summer of 1953 in the Lux Radio Theatre's regular one-hour timeslot. Fourteen episodes aired from June through August of that year.

This weekly series differed from its parent show in several ways, starting with it being the first version of Lux Radio Theatre since 1936 to air during the summer. Norman Macdonnell was brought in from the Gunsmoke radio series to take on the job of director-producer. Ken Carpenter continued as the show's announcer, with Don Wilson filling in for him when on vacation. This summer series had a significantly smaller budget than its parent show, with each episode budgeted at $4250 (by contrast, when Lux Radio Theatre aired its first show from Hollywood in 1936 that show's budget was a reported $17,000). Because of the budget constraints, only a single major star headed-up each episode of the summer series.

Another difference involved the source materials which were used for the series. While about half of the shows were still the traditional movie adaptations, the series also presented several original scripts, with three of them written by Kathleen Hite. In addition, one program was an adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's horror story "The Birds".

As with its parent show, the series was broadcast live, but this series was a CBS studio broadcast, as opposed to its having previously been performed in the CBS Radio Playhouse theater on Vine Street in Hollywood.

List of summer 1953 episodes

References

1953 radio programme debuts
1953 radio programme endings
1950s American radio programs
Anthology radio series
CBS Radio programs


title: Lawful Larceny (1930 film)

text:
Lawful Larceny is a 1930 American pre-Code melodramatic film, directed by Lowell Sherman from Jane Murfin's screenplay. The screenplay, a melodrama, was based on the play of the same name by Samuel Shipman, which originally was a comedy. It starred a staple of the early RKO stable, Bebe Daniels, along with Kenneth Thomson, Olive Tell and Lowell Sherman, who reprised the role he had created in the original Broadway play. This film was a remake of the 1923 silent film version of the same name, produced by Famous Players–Lasky Corporation

Plot
When Marion Corsey's husband, Andrew, is conned out of a small fortune by Vivian Hepburn, she dedicates herself to recovering the money. In order to do so, she hides her identity and insinuates herself into the social circle of Vivian, by becoming her secretary, and studies the tactics employed by the sexy con-artist. While employed by Vivian, Marion meets Guy Tarlow, Vivian's love interest. However, Guy seems to be interested Marion.

Taking advantage of Guy's interest, Marion turns the tables on the con-artists and, using Vivian's own strategy, she cons Guy out of all the funds which were taken from Andrew. When her reverse larceny is discovered, Vivian enlists the help of Judge Perry, who is romantically interested in Vivian, in an attempt to recover her ill-gotten gains. In the end, however, Marion is able to prove that Vivian's gambling club is not run honestly, and that Vivian herself is both a cheater and a thief. In light of the evidence, the Judge and Guy end their pursuit of Marion, and Vivian slinks away. Although their marriage is damaged, and may be over, Marion and Andrew decide to stay together as friends, and see how things work out.

Cast
Bebe Daniels as Marion Dorsey
Kenneth Thomson as Andrew Dorsey
Lowell Sherman as Guy Tarlow
Olive Tell as Vivian Hepburn
Purnell B. Pratt as Judge Perry
Lou Payne as Davis
Bert Roach as French
Maude Turner Gordon as Mrs. Davis
Helene Millard as Mrs. French
Charles Coleman as Butler

(Cast list as per AFI Database)

Notes
This film was a remake of a 1923 silent film of the same name, also based on Samuel Shipman's play, which starred Hope Hampton and Conrad Nagel, and was directed by Allan Dwan. Produced by the Famous Players–Lasky Corporation, it was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

The play by Samuel Shipman, on which Jane Murfin's screenplay is based, was originally a comedy, and ran at the Theatre Republic (which is still in existence, now known as the New Victory Theater) in 1922. It was directed by Bertram Harrison, produced by A.H. Woods, and starred Margaret Lawrence, Alan Dinehart, and Lowell Sherman.

Olive Tell, cast in the less than sympathetic role of the sexy con-artist, was the wife of associate producer Henry Hobart.

In 1958, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication.

References

External links

RKO Pictures films
American black-and-white films
American films based on plays
Melodrama films
Films directed by Lowell Sherman
Films with screenplays by Jane Murfin
American drama films
1930 drama films
1930 films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films


title: Bonneterre Formation

text:
The Bonneterre Formation is an Upper Cambrian geologic formation which outcrops in the St. Francois Mountains of the Missouri Ozarks. The Bonneterre is a major host rock for the lead ores of the Missouri Lead Belt.

The Bonneterre Formation lies conformably on the Lamotte Sandstone and in places lies directly on the Proterozoic igneous core of the mountains. The Bonneterre is conformably overlain by the Davis Formation.  In the outcrop area the Bonneterre has an average thickness of 375 to 400 feet. It is present in the subsurface throughout Missouri and has a maximum recorded thickness of 1580 feet under Pemiscot County in the Missouri Bootheel.

The formation is dominantly dolomite with areas or layers of pure limestone. A shaley or glauconitic zone occurs in the lower portion and the base contains sand and conglomerate or breccia where the formation overlaps the Lamotte and lies directly on the granite of the mountain core.

Fossil content
The formation has provided fossils of:

Monoplacophora
 Hypseloconus bonneterrense
 Irondalia
 I. irondalensis
 Kirengella washingtonense

 Ulrichoconus
 U. bonneterrense

Trilobites
 Kingstoniidae
 Blountia sp.
 Tricrepicephalidae
 Tricrepicephalus sp.

Gastropods
 Tropidodiscidae
 Strepsodiscus major

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Minnesota
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Illinois
 Paleontology in Illinois
 Paleontology in Minnesota
 Paleontology in Missouri
 Minaret Formation

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of Illinois
Geologic formations of Minnesota
Geologic formations of Missouri
Cambrian System of North America
Cambrian Missouri
Cambrian Minnesota
Cambrian Illinois
Guzhangian
Dolomite formations
Reef deposits
Cambrian northern paleotemperate deposits
Paleontology in Missouri
Landforms of the Ozarks
St. Francois Mountains


title: List of Southern Miss Golden Eagles bowl games

text:
The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing the University of Southern Mississippi as a member of Conference USA (C-USA). Since the establishment of the team in 1912, Southern Miss has appeared in 26 bowl games. In their latest bowl appearance, Southern Miss was defeated by Tulane in the 2020 Armed Forces Bowl. The win brings the Golden Eagles' overall bowl record to 11 wins and 15 losses.

Bowl games

Notes

References

Southern Miss

Southern Miss Golden Eagles bowl games


title: Derby-Doerun Dolomite

text:
The Derby-Doerun Dolomite is a Cambrian geologic formation exposed in southeast Missouri. Originally the Derby and Doerun were originally considered separate formations, but now considered a single unit. The combined name is from the Derby Mine and the Doe Run Lead Company of the Old Lead Belt.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Cambrian Missouri
Dolomite formations
Geography of St. Francois County, Missouri
Cambrian System of North America
Geologic formations of Missouri


title: Eminence Formation

text:
The Eminence Formation or Eminence Dolomite is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

Paleofauna

Monoplacophora
 Biloboconus
 B. frizzelli
 Potosiplina
 P. delorensis

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Cambrian Missouri
Dolomite formations
Landforms of Shannon County, Missouri
Geologic formations of Missouri
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Potosi Dolomite

text:
The Potosi Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

Paleofauna

Monoplacophora
 Gayneoconus
 G. echolsi

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Cambrian Missouri
Dolomite formations
Geography of St. Francois County, Missouri
Cambrian System of North America
Geologic formations of Missouri
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Music articles in Rees's Cyclopaedia

text:
The music articles in Rees's Cyclopaedia were Charles Burney's (1726-1814) final literary production, and form in effect the Dictionary of Music he never wrote. There were additional articles by John Farey, Sr. (1766-1826), and John Farey, Jr. (1791-1851). The listings show there are 1971 articles in total: Burney, 1752 (996 general music plus 756 biographies), Farey Sr. 215, and Farey Jr. 4.

The complete texts and plates are available on the website of the Burney Centre at McGill University.

The articles were to be illustrated by 63 engraved plates as well as numerous examples of music, typeset within text matter of the articles. There were to be 38 plates  of musical examples illustrating fingering, counterpoint etc., 15 illustrating musical instruments, 4 illustrating the organ, 4 illustrating dramatic machinery, and 2 miscellaneous plates of with more musical instruments. According to a note added to the catalogue of plates in Vol 39 of Rees, ten of the musical examples were to illustrate the music of Haydn and Mozart as well as national airs of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales etc.,  but this plan were discarded to save cost, so the plates were never produced. So the actual number of plates published was 53.

Each entry in the lists has a length in columns. A column has approximately 670 words, so it is possible to gauge the length of each article. While the majority of the articles have some length, 337 or 6% are brief (3 or 4 lines or fewer), dictionary definitions, or cross references. Many of the former are terms derived from French and Italian. The encyclopaedic-length articles are usually longer than Burney's earlier published writings on the same topic.

It is clear that when the work was being published, a number of the printed sheets were re-imposed, with additional material, so bound sets of the work can vary slightly.

Charles Burney was well known as the author of A General History of Music, 4 vol, 1776–1789  and two travel diaries recording his  Musical Tours collecting  information in France and Italy, and later Germany, 1+2 vol, 1771 and 1773, as well as the Commoration of Handel, 1785 and his Musical Memoirs of Metastasio, 1796.  Burney wrote the articles for Rees between 1801 and 1805, and continued to revise them as they were due for publication until about 1808. Burney died in 1814, and the articles continued to appear posthumously until the final volume, in 1819. After Burney's death, a writer in The Harmonicon, and later, editors of early editions of Grove, claimed that most of the articles in Rees were 'extracted without alteration from his History of Music.' This is certainty true in some instances but Burney also re-wrote material from his earlier writings for the Rees articles and expanded it there. There is much completely new information covering the musical events of the last quarter of the eighteenth century and the first years of the nineteenth. The lists of articles have been annotated to show where the information had previously appeared from Mercer's edition of his History and Scholes's edition of his Musical Tours, and these also serve to indicate which of the articles were completely new to the Cyclopaedia. As well as named articles, Burney also contributed musical material in paragraphs included in other topics, such as the British royalty, where he discussed the musical life of many of the reigns.

As well as general musical topics, Burney also wrote biographies of musicians. Much was taken from his earlier publications but there is a considerable body of new material drawn from his own knowledge mostly of the London musical scene, where he recorded minor personalities and musical events. In the biographies of a number of people not usually associated with music, such as Voltaire and Dryden.  Burney's contribution appears, unsigned, after the references section for the main body of the piece (see section 4.3, above). In a number of instances the biographies only have the surname; added Christian names here are in square brackets ([]).

In addition to these topics, Burney also wrote articles relating to the theatrical world, mostly accounts of theatres and pleasure gardens.

As well as material by Alexander Malcolm (1685-1763) which had appeared in the 1781–6 edition of Chambers's Cyclopadia, it is known that Burney made extensive use in his Rees articles of the writings of previous authors: Rousseau, Jean-Benjamin de La Borde, Giovanni Battista Martini, Johann Christoph Pepusch,  Sébastien de Brossard etc. Some modern scholars, have commented about instances, but it is beyond the scope of this encyclopaedic article to attempt a comprehensive annotated survey of all the sources Burney used.

John Farey, Sr. (1766–1826) was a polymath, well known today for his work as a geologist and for his investigations of mathematics. He was greatly interested in the mathematics of sound, and the schemes of temperament used in tuning musical instruments then. He was a prolific contributor to contemporary journals, such as the Philosophical Magazine, and the Monthly Magazine as well as the Edinburgh Encyclopædia on this topic.  His articles for Rees abound in extensive mathematical calculations sometimes extending to many places of decimals, as this brief example from Vol 18 shows:

INCOMPOSIT Ditone of the Enharmonic Genus is the excess of a fourth tone above half a tone major, or 3² ÷ 8 root 2, which is 202 Σ + 4f + 17½m, or 202.00393 Σ + 4f + 17½m, whose common logarithm is .9006375.2462, and its Euler's log. = .330076, and it contains 18.41741 major commas.

Farey fell out with Rees in 1811 over his geological writings, and it appears he gave up his musical contributions as well. Any which appeared after that date must have been supplied previously.

Like his father, John Farey, Jr. (1791–1851) was polymathic in his interests. He contributed numerous drawings for the illustrations of mostly technological and scientific topics in Rees, and would have contributed the written descriptions of them.  They are always linked by key-letters to the details of the drawings. The procedure would have been for Farey to make the drawing first, after usually inspecting and measuring the object, then write the description of it, with the key letters, which were then engraved on the plate for final printing. The plates for dramatic machinery, the organ and barrel organ are by him.

Beginning with Dr Percy Scholes, in 1938, modern scholars have mined Rees for Burney's writings, and have commented on the desirability of publishing a listing of them.

See also
List of general music articles in Rees's Cyclopaedia
List of music biographies in Rees's Cyclopaedia
List of music plates in Rees's Cyclopaedia

Notes

Sources
Mercer, Frank, ed. Charles Burney, A general History of Music, 2 vol. 1935, rep 1957 [Originally published in 4 volumes,  1776-1789]
Scholes, P. A.,  The Oxford Companion to Music, 1938 (and later eds) [Frequent citations to Burney's Rees articles, and also some illustrations from the work.]
Scholes, P. A., 'A New Enquiry into the Life and Work of Dr Burney', Proceedings of the Musical Association 67th Session, 1940-1941, pp 1–30. [pp 24–5 has section 'Burney an Encyclopaedist'.]
Scholes, P. A.,  The Great Dr Burney, 1948, Vol 2, pp 184–201, chapter LVIII, "Virtues and vagaries of a septuagenarian encyclopædist" [Throughout his biography Scholes made reference to, and some times quoted from, Burney's articles in Rees.]
Scholes, P. A., Dr Burney's Musical Tours in Europe, 2 vol, OUP 1959, [Scholes makes a number of references to, and quotations from Burney's Rees articles]
Lonsdale, Roger, Dr Charles Burney: a Literary Biography, OUP 1965, pp 407–431, chapter X, "Burney and Rees's Cyclopædia"
Lonsdale, Roger, 'Dr Burney's 'Dictionary of Music' ',Musicology Australia, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 159–171, 1979 [An account of Burney's Rees articles, with criticism of Scholes's discussion of them.]
Kassler, Jamie Croy, The Science of Music in Britain: A Catalogue of writings, Lectures and Inventions, 2 vol, Garland, 1979 [Both Burney and Farey sr. appear often in the Index. Rees's Cyclopaedia and music is discussed at pp 1200–1204.]
Grant, Kerry S., Dr Burney as Critic and Historian of Music. UMI Research Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1983.[Throughout this book Grant made reference to, and some times quoted from, Burney's articles in Rees.]
Klima, Slava, Bowers, Garry, and Grant, Kerry S., Memoirs of Dr Charles Burney, 1726-1769, University of Nebraska Press. Lincoln and London, 1988.[Throughout this book the authors made reference to, and frequently quoted from, Burney's articles in Rees.]

Rees's Cyclopædia
Works about music and musicians


title: Bronson Group

text:
The Bronson Group is a geologic group in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Geologic groups of Missouri
Carboniferous System of North America


title: Kati Luoto

text:
Kati Luoto is a Finnish strength athlete who is foremost known as the winner of the United Strongmen Women's World Championships held in 2013 and seven times Finland's Strongest Woman.

Career
Luoto had been involved in various sports from an early age and after giving birth to her three children, she started to attend the gym to shape her body and began to train seriously in 1999. In 2003 and trained by the former strongman Harri Simonen, she participated in her first Finland's Strongest Woman contest where she was placed 2nd. As a strongwoman performer, she is particularly known for her log lift performance (110 kg in training).

Competition record
2013 United Strongmen Women's World Championships - 1st
2013 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2013 Scandinavia's Strongest Woman -1st
2012 Global Powerlifting Alliance European Championship Raw Bench Press - 1st
2011 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2011 Real Power Games Strong Woman - 1st
2010 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2010 Global Powerlifting Alliance European Championship Raw Bench Press - 1st
2009 Finland's Strongest Woman - 2nd
2009 Real Power Games Strong Woman - 1st
2008 World's Strongest Woman - 3rd
2007 Europe's Strongest Woman - 4th
2007 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2006 World's Strongest Woman - 4th
2006 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2005 World's Strongest Woman - 7th
2005 Europe's Strongest Woman - 5th
2005 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2004 Finland's Strongest Woman - 1st
2003 Finland's Strongest Woman - 2nd

References

Finnish strength athletes
Female powerlifters
Strongwomen
Sportspeople from Helsinki
1972 births
Living people
Finnish powerlifters


title: Cherokee Group

text:
The Cherokee Group is a Pennsylvanian geologic group in Missouri and Iowa. The group contains most of the economic coal deposits of Missouri and Iowa.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Geologic groups of Missouri
Carboniferous Iowa


title: Chouteau Group

text:
The Chouteau Group is a geologic group in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri


title: Kansas City Group

text:
The Kansas City Group is a geologic group in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Geologic groups of Missouri
Carboniferous System of North America


title: Hertha Formation

text:
The Hertha Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Burgner Formation

text:
The Burgner Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Burlington Limestone

text:
The Burlington Limestone is a geologic formation in Missouri, Iowa and the Midwest region. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod.

Physical properties
Burlington Limestone is unusually course-grained, crystalline, crinoidal limestone. Its texture is sufficiently distinctive and persistent to permit recognition of the formation commonly on this basis alone. The Burlington Limestone is made of almost entirely on the remains of various fossils, by far the most important of which are crinoids. Some portions of the Burlington, however, are not so evidently crinoidal, as for example, the so-called "white ledge" quarried in the northeastern part of Missouri.

Natural occurrence
Burlington Limestone is present in nearly all major Mississippian outcrop regions in Missouri.  It is known from Iowa to northwestern Arkansas and from western Illinois to western Kansas. It is present throughout Missouri, except in the Ozark uplift, where it has been removed by erosion. Differentiation of the Burlington with the overlaying, lithologically similar Keokuk Limestone is often difficult or impossible, so the sequence of Osagean limestones is sometimes identified as "Burlington-Keokuk Limestone".

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Iowa
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

External links

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous Iowa
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Carterville Formation

text:
The Carterville Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Chanute Formation

text:
The Chanute Formation is a geologic formation in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Cabaniss Formation

text:
The Cabaniss Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Geologic formations of Missouri
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Drywood Formation

text:
The Drywood Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Krebs Formation

text:
The Krebs Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Riverton Formation

text:
The Riverton Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Compton Limestone

text:
The Compton Limestone is a geologic formation in southwest Missouri. It preserves brachiopod and echinoderm fossils of the Mississippian subperiod. The Compton rests unconformably on the Cotter Dolomite of Ordovician age. The Compton was named for the community of Compton, Missouri as the type sections were described for outcrops along the James River and its tributary the Compton Branch.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Mississippian Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Dennis Formation

text:
The Dennis Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous Iowa
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous geology of Nebraska
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Fern Glen Formation

text:
The Fern Glen Formation is a geologic formation in eastern and southeastern Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Osagean Series of the  Mississippian subperiod.

The Fern Glen is richly fossiliferous with abundant crinoids, corals, brachiopods and bryozoa.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Mississippian Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Jordan Coal

text:
The Jordan Coal is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Geologic formations of Missouri
Carboniferous System of North America


title: Cherryville Shale

text:
The Cherryville Shale is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Galesburg Shale

text:
The Galesburg Shale is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Wyandotte Formation

text:
The Wyandotte Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Lost Branch Formation

text:
The Lost Branch Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Iowa
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous geology of Oklahoma
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Appanoose Formation

text:
The Appanoose Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

External links
 https://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/fips-unit.php?code=f19007
 https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/UnitRefs/AppanooseRefs_6507.html
 https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1012&context=igsar

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Nowata Formation

text:
The Nowata Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Plattsburg Formation

text:
The Plattsburg Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous geology of Nebraska
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Battleborn (video game)

text:
Battleborn was a free-to-play first-person shooter video game developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One. The game was released worldwide on May 3, 2016.

Battleborn was a hero shooter with elements of multiplayer online battle arenas (MOBA). Players select one of several pre-designed characters with different attacks and skills, and participate in either single player, cooperative matches, or competitive matches with other players. During matches, players gain experience to advance their character along the Helix Tree, selecting from one of two new abilities or buffs with each advancement step that allows the player to create a custom loadout for that character for the duration of that match. Furthermore, as the player completes matches, they earn randomized gear (generated similarly to the Borderlands series' randomized weapon feature) that can also be equipped as part of the loadout to provide further buffs and abilities, or purchased through microtransactions.

The game received mixed reviews upon release, with reviewers citing on the difficulties of learning the complex gameplay systems as being ultimately deep and rewarding but off-putting to new players. Battleborn was overshadowed by Blizzard Entertainment's Overwatch, another hero shooter, that was released a few months later and which caused a large drop in Battleborns player count within the month. In response, Gearbox made adjustments in pricing and downloadable content to try to draw new players to the game. In June 2017, it was transitioned to a pricing scheme comparable to a free-to-play title.

Gearbox announced a year-long phased shutdown of the game's servers by January 31, 2021, with the game removed from sale in November 2019 and planned shutting down of in-game purchases by February 2020.

Gameplay
Battleborn is described as a hero shooter, primarily a first-person shooter incorporating multiplayer online battle arena elements. In any of the game's modes, the player selects from one of several pre-defined hero characters that they have available, each with their own unique attributes, attacks, powers and skills, which can include casting magic and area-of-effect attacks. During character selection, the player also selects a loadout that can have up to three pieces of gear to bring into a match, earned from previous matches. Each piece requires a number of shards, in-game currency collected during a match, to activate during a match, and once activated, stay active for the remainder of the match. This equipment can boost or detract from base attributes or give additional benefits to the character. Shards can also be used to activate special turrets on maps to strategically defend points.

The hero's base combat level starts at 1 at the start of a round, and as the player defeat enemies and complete other objectives, they will gain experience towards further levels. With each new level, the player can then select one of two or more perks specific to that character along that character's "Helix Tree", including unlocking the character's strongest "ultimate ability". These experience levels only apply within the current match and reset on the start of a new match.

In Battleborns meta-game, both the player's "command level" (applying across all characters for a given player) and a character-specific level can be increased based on performance in matches. In this meta-game, new character levels will unlock new perks that can be selected on the Helix Tree, alternative outfits, and other cosmetic improvements. Higher command levels will unlock additional characters that the player can select from, among other benefits. New gear is earned as loot drops from the completion of a match, or through picking up loot during a match, or may be purchased in special loot chests using in-game coins earned from playing matches or from gaining command levels. The player can only store a limited number of pieces of equipment, but can sell unneeded equipment for coins to apply at the meta-game. Battleborn requires a constant Internet connection to play due to the game's meta-game features.

The game features 25 playable characters upon release and later added 5 downloadable content characters, with each having different abilities and weapons; characters are broadly categorized based on their movement speed and agility, combat range and effectiveness, and the difficulty of playing the character. For example, Rath is a melee-based character who is equipped with a katana, while Thorn is a long-ranged character, whose primary weapon is a bow. Characters of supporting role, such as Miko, who specializes in healing other characters of the same team, are also playable. During first time after game's release not all characters were available when the player starts the game, they were unlocked for play by completing both missions and multiplayer games, or raising player's command rank. Starting from big update from February 2017, all 25 base game characters become available to play right after tutorial story mission. After "Free Trial" update in June 2017 access to all base game heroes in free version now given after purchasing "Full Game update", along with all Story missions, otherwise they could be purchased separately in Marketplace.

Battleborn includes a story-based mission mode that enables five players to cooperate to complete various missions that include objective-driven narratives used as backstory for some of the hero characters. The additional 5-story missions are called Story Operations and were added as DLC; their main differences from main story mode are earning of OPs points, which gives player various rewards depending on chosen character and increases mission's difficulty, and changing of dialogues of main non-playable characters, which fully reveals story's narrative on 10th playthrough.

There are also three main multiplayer modes in the game that pit two teams of five players each against each other (or against a team of artificial intelligence controlled heroes):
Meltdown, a mode where the team should escort and sacrifice AI controlled robots while killing robots of enemy team;
Incursion, a mode similar to most MOBAs where teams have to take the opponents' base while protecting their own base;
Capture, a mode where teams vie to seize and hold several control points on a map.
The other two later added multiplayer modes are:
Face-off, a mode where the main objective is hoarding masks of AI controlled Varelsi mobs, the team that deposits most masks for a given time or score limit wins;
Supercharge, which unlike other modes feature 3v3 teams and in fact is a slightly different version of Meltdown mode with a second main objective being capture of advantage giving Supercharge pad.

Battleborn initially did not support microtransactions, and it was only introduced in a June 2016 update. Players can use real money to obtain in-game credits that can be spent on skins and taunts for the various characters (some which can already be earned through advancement with the character), but otherwise has no direct influence on gameplay. Gearbox planned to release downloadable content that would include new skins and taunts for existing characters prior to announcement of the game's shutdown.

Setting
The game is set in a space fantasy setting, in which every species fled to a star known as Solus after a disastrous event destroyed most other planets and stars in the universe. These species are divided into different factions upon their arrivals, and eventually they united and cooperate with each other by sending out the best fighters, who are labelled as Battleborn, to fight against Varelsi, the origin of the catastrophe.

Plot
After the leader of the Jennerit Imperium Lothar Rendain started a rampage of destroying all the stars in the universe, the captain of the UPR (United Peacekeeping Republics) Trevor Ghalt formed a coalition in order to save the last star, Solus. The first mission forces the player to play as Mellka, an Eldrid operative who is ordered to rendezvous with Deande, a former Jennerit assassin. During this mission, Rendain offers Deande one last chance to prove her loyalty to him, but she refused. After this mission, the player is allowed to use any of the Battleborn for the next mission, which requires you to defeat ISIC, to make him an ally. In the third mission, the player has to escort an M7 Super Sentry and kill the Varelsi Conservator.

Development
Battleborn was announced by Gearbox Software and 2K Games and revealed by Game Informer on July 8, 2014. but the game could be played before thanks to the alphas and betas that came out every so often, the first alpha was released on September 19, 2014. It is the first original game developed by Gearbox Software since the release of Borderlands in 2009, and is also claimed to be "the most ambitious video game that Gearbox has ever created" and a "genre-fused" video game by Gearbox Software's president, Randy Pitchford.

In a 2017 interview, Pitchford said that prior to Battleborns development, the principle way to market and promote first-person shooters was to emphasise what abilities the player-character had, which made elements like a detailed game world or narrative a secondary consideration. This led to them thinking about creating a game with "a wide spectrum" of characters and abilities which then could be used in large-player game modes. Pitchford recognized that they already had experience creating a diverse array of characters through the Borderlands series, and that this roster of heroes approach was gaining popularity in multiplayer online battle arenas. With Battleborn, Pitchford wanted to take the combination of first-person shooter and role-playing elements they had from Borderlands, and mix in the range of heroes as to create a new genre, what has become known as the "hero shooter".

Several gameplay elements from Brothers in Arms: Furious 4, another project from Gearbox which was cancelled in July 2015, were transferred to the game. A closed technical test for this game, which allows Gearbox to test the multiplayer servers and alter the balance between characters, was held on October 29, 2015. A beta for the game was released on April 8, 2016. It came to the PlayStation 4 first before other platforms. Battleborns PC open beta began on April 13, 2016 and lasted until April 18, 2016. Players were able to participate in both story mode and two competitive multiplayer modes: Incursion and Meltdown. More than two million players participated in the beta. The game was set to be released worldwide for PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One on February 9, 2016, but was later delayed to May 3, 2016.

The game's graphics are inspired by computer-generated imagery like the movies produced by Pixar, as well as anime. When creating the game's 2D graphics, the team hired Michel Gagné to work on the 2D effects of the game's maps and characters' abilities. The team also drew inspirations from a variety of fighting games, multiplayer online battle arena games, role-playing games and toys from the 1980s.

In addition to the standard version, players can purchase the Digital Deluxe Edition, which includes the game's Season Pass and cosmetic items. Five additional characters are set to be released for the game upon release for free, and five different paid packs, which includes additional story content, are also scheduled to be released after the game's launch.

Rumors surrounding the game turning free-to-play started to circulate around the internet, but Gearbox president Randy Pitchford declined any plans of turning the game free-to-play, although he did mention ideas of releasing a free "trial version".

On October 3, 2016 2K Games announced the addition of a competitive game mode called Face-Off, to be released for free to all players who own Battleborn on October 13, 2016. The game mode launched alongside the first downloadable content Story Operation, titled "Attikus and the Thrall Rebellion".

In June 2017, the game was updated to add support in for its "Free Trial" mode. This mode effectively makes the game a free-to-play title; at no cost, players can download the game, play a rotating selection of the game's heroes in any of the game's public multiplayer modes, and earn in-game currency towards permanently unlocking other characters and upgrades; the Free Trial does not include the game's story missions, nor allows these players to set up or participate in private matches. Players that already owned the game are designated as "Founders" and were given in-game rewards. Players still can purchase the game, unlocking most of the roster of characters and gaining access to private and story-based game modes.

Reception

Battleborn received "mixed or average" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.

Destructoid awarded it a score of 6 out of 10, saying that the game is "Slightly above average or simply inoffensive. Fans of the genre should enjoy this game, but a fair few will be left unfulfilled." GameSpot awarded it a score of 7 out of 10, saying "With so many moving parts that never quite gel, I found plenty of things to love but just as much to feel confused by and ambivalent about." IGN awarded it a score of 7.1 out of 10, saying "Battleborn's fun heroes and leveling will keep you hooked despite a lack of content." Hardcore Gamer awarded it a score of 4.5 out of 5, saying "Battleborn has done what I would have previously thought was impossible: it has kept me interested in its multiplayer. I typically grow bored with adversarial multiplayer after about an hour or two, yet I have spent so much time with this title already and want to keep going." PlayStation LifeStyle awarded it a score of 8 out of 10, saying "If Borderlands and the MOBA genre could have a baby, I imagine it would look something like Battleborn. Gearbox Software’s signature style shines here, even if the humor falls flat most of the time"

In looking back at the game a year after its release, Destructoids Darren Nakamura felt Battleborn was an excellent game once a player had put time to acquire a larger number of playable characters to select from, and had amassed gear that created unique and powerful loadouts for specific characters, but a player would need to work through tens to hundreds of hours of gameplay to acquire these elements, making it off-putting to new players.

Battleborn was the best selling retail game in its week of release in the UK. It fell, however, to being the 12th best selling retail game in the UK the next week. According to director Randy Varnell, the launch week sales of the game is similar to that of the first Borderlands, which had gone on to sell over 7.8 million units. It was the fourth highest-selling game in the United States for May 2016 according to NPD Group. It has grossed $18 million.

Decline and shutdown
The game's player base quickly declined after release, primarily due to the release of another hero shooter, Overwatch by Blizzard Entertainment, on May 24, 2016. Gearbox had already been developing Battleborn and had fixed their expected release date when Blizzard announced Overwatch for release within a few weeks of Battleborn. Though they had considered trying to change the release date as Blizzard had a larger promotional budget that could easily overwhelm 2K Games, Pitchford opted to stay to what they planned and instead make sure the game's release went smoothly and to highlight how Battleborn differed from Overwatch. In a September 2017 interview, Pitchford believed that the fallout in sales from Battleborn was not necessarily due to the presence of Overwatch, but that people had made comparisons between the two games which reflected negatively on Battleborn and cost them sales.

By July 2016, the number of concurrent players on PC had dropped below 1000, compared to more than 12,000 at the launch of the game, and Destructoid reported that at the game's first anniversary, the number of concurrent players sometimes dropped below 100 during off-peak hours, making it difficult to launch a match. Although Take-Two revealed that the game did not meet their sales expectations, 2K announced their intention to continue to support the game through add-on content and virtual currency. An industry rumour in September 2016 suggested that the game would soon switch to a free to play model, which would follow a similar path that 2K Games' Evolve had done in July 2016 and subsequently saw an increase in player base size. This rumor was later refuted by Gearbox president Randy Pitchford. Pitchford claimed they have seen 3 million unique players across all systems and that "we're okay. I'm not freaking out. We're fine." in terms of sales.
On June 6, 2017, Battleborn released a patch that introduced the "Free Trial" of the game, effectively changing the game to a free-to-play model despite Pitchford's comments. This introduced several changes to the game, such as a character rotation, a founder's pack, as well as unlockable characters and cosmetics.

By September 2017, Gearbox announced that after the release of the game's final update, released on October 23, 2017, their support for the title would enter "maintenance mode", effectively shutting down any further development but keeping a skeleton team to maintain the game's servers and fix any critical bugs that may be found.

Gearbox announced in November 2019 that the game's servers would be completely shut down by January 2021, rendering the game unplayable. As part of the closeout of the game, the game was removed from sale from digital storefronts and Gearbox announced plans to disable the in-game store in February 2020. The server shutdown was originally scheduled for January 25, 2021. 2K Support later announced that this was rescheduled to January 31, 2021, after which the game became unplayable.

References

External links

2016 video games
2K games
First-person shooters
Free-to-play video games
Gearbox Software games
Hero shooters
Inactive multiplayer online games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiplayer online battle arena games
Online-only games
PlayStation 4 games
Products and services discontinued in 2021
Science fantasy video games
Split-screen multiplayer games
Take-Two Interactive games
Unreal Engine games
Video games scored by Cris Velasco
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring female protagonists
Windows games
Xbox One games
PlayStation 4 Pro enhanced games


title: Swope Limestone

text:
The Swope Formation is a geologic formation in Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Missouri
 Paleontology in Missouri

References

Carboniferous Iowa
Carboniferous Missouri
Carboniferous geology of Nebraska
Carboniferous Kansas
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: The Pink Singers

text:
The Pink Singers were formed on 7 April 1983, making the Pinkies the longest-running LGBT choir in Europe.

Introduction
Originally formed as a small all male ensemble after an open newspaper invite, the Pink Singers has grown over the past three decades into an SATB choir of approximately 90 members, making it the UK's largest Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) chorus. Every year is made up of two musical seasons starting in February and September. Each culminates in a large London concert and the choir have performed in venues such as Cadogan Hall, Hackney Empire, The Troxy. The choir also undertakes multiple public and private performances at large events, campaigns, corporate events, weddings and civil partnerships.

Each season starts with anyone with an interest in joining being invited to try out a few rehearsals so they can feel the social as well as musical make up of the choir, which is then followed by an audition. The Pink Singers are a fully mixed choir of varying abilities, ages, genders, and offer all members an opportunity to either learn new, or further develop existing musical abilities over a wide variety of genres and styles.

The choice of music sung by the choir is as eclectic as the membership makeup itself, everything from pop to classical to jazz, folk and show tunes. Variety in a single show can range from Elgar to Ellie Goulding, or from Mozart to Massive Attack. There are multiple choreographed numbers each season also, adding a visual spectacle to the musical.

Structure
The choir's singing members are split across 8 voices, upper and lower registers each for Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass sections respectively. This vocal range gives the choir great flexibility in musical pieces tackled over the years, from simple 2 part harmonies through to full 12 part splits when including semi-chorus parts.

Musical seasons in the past few years have all had a theme for the final concert. Choir members offer up fresh themes each season, which are decided on by a musical team made up of both paid and volunteer members, led by the Musical and Artistic Directors who also run each rehearsal.

The Pink Singers is a registered UK charity (1151365) and is run entirely through a volunteer committee. The choir also employs the professional support of a Musical Director and a trained accompanist.

Historic overview
The choir was founded by Brian Kennedy and Mark Bunyan in 1983. Kennedy, author of Kennedy's Gay Guide to London was inspired by the large gay choruses which had taken off in the USA. He persuaded Bunyan, a cabaret artiste making a name for himself, to take the reins of the musical direction for the first few months. The first public performance was at London Pride in 1983. The LGBT landscape in the UK then was substantially different to today: the age of consent was unequal, AIDS had barely reached the political agenda, Britain had not yet had appointed an openly gay MP, and any form of legally-recognised partnership between same-sex couples seemed like a pipe dream. The choir was established to be a counterpart to the choruses which had emerged in the US and one of its first actions was to provide music at that year's Lesbian & Gay Pride march, in support of the political changes happening at the time.

As more freedoms and rights have been granted to LGBT individuals and partners the principal aims of the choir have also evolved, which were codified when the choir became a UK charity:
 To promote, improve, develop and maintain appreciation of and education of the public, in particular but not exclusively the LGBT community, in the art and science of music in all its aspects by any means the management committee sees fit, including through the presentation of public concerts and recitals to the highest possible standard.
 To promote equality and diversity for the public benefit with particular reference to the LGBT community and in particular but not exclusively by:
 advancing education and raising awareness in equality and diversity;
 promoting activities to foster understanding between people from diverse backgrounds;
 cultivating a sentiment in favour of equality and diversity in particular through celebrating the diversity of the LGBT community.

Under these aims the Pink Singers have performed all over the constituent countries of the UK, as well as in the past in Ireland, Iceland, Portugal, Finland, Mallorca, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands the United States & India. As the longest running LGBT choir in Europe the Pink Singers have also built up long lasting relationships with other LGBT choirs and choruses worldwide, and has been instrumental in helping smaller UK based choirs grow and develop. The Pink Singers have in the past been joint hosts of the Various Voices choral festival and as part of the choir's 30th anniversary celebrations held a full day festival and concert for 17 of the UK's LGBT music groups, 'Hand in Hand'.

Online presence
In addition to its website, The Pink Singers has a wide online presence.

The Pink Singers is a member of the UK network of choirs, Proud Voices. As part of their ongoing work to help spread and grow the tradition of LGBT choral music the Pink Singers were instrumental in setting up a sister organisation, Proud Voices Asia, who hosted Asia's first ever LGBT choral festival in 2015.

Discography

By Special Arrangement (2016)
All tracks on By Special Arrangement were arranged by past or present choir members. Part of the CD sale profits are benefitting two different LGBT charities; Diversity Role Models, and the Albert Kennedy Trust.

P.S. We're 30 (2012)

Recorded in November 2012 as part of the choir's anniversary celebrations, P.S. We’re 30 showcases a fabulous array of the choir's most memorable repertoire, brought together from over its thirty-year history.

Live (2008)

Live is the second album recorded by the Pink Singers. All the tracks were recorded live over several choir seasons from different concerts held in various London performance venues between 2001 and 2008.

Hand in Hand (2000)

Hand in Hand was the first album recorded by the Pink Singers, and was compiled in 2000 from recordings made at various concerts, including a successful evening at the Royal Academy of Music.

Hand in Hand choral festival
The Pink Singers founded the Hand in Hand choral festival as part of their 30th birthday celebrations in July 2013. The first Hand in Hand was held at The Troxy in east London. It brought members of 23 LGBT choirs from Britain and Ireland together to take part in musical workshops. Twelve choirs performed in the evening concert. The Pink Singers debuted 'The Great Choir of London', a two-part composition that was written for them by Richard Thomas. The Pink Singers opened the festival by performing the first part, 'I, Choir', alone. The second part, 'Earth, Wind and Choir' was sung by all of the choirs taking part in the festival.

The second Hand in Hand festival was hosted in Brighton 12–14 June 2015, jointly hosted by Brighton Gay Men's Chorus and the Rainbow Chorus. In 2017, Hand in Hand was hosted by the Manchester Lesbian and Gay Chorus. The 4th Hand in Hand festival was held in Cardiff in August 2019, hosted by the South Wales Gay Men's Chorus and the Songbirds.

The festival title references the song, 'Hand in Hand', composed by Dawn Rogers and Tricia Walker. Hand in Hand is almost certainly the Pink Singers’ most frequently performed song. On their second trip to the US in 1992, they were invited to take part in the GALA Choruses Festival in Denver. At the Festival, the Tampa Bay Gay Men's Chorus closed their set with 'Hand In Hand' – that was the first time the choir had heard it – and they sang it jointly with them the next time they returned to the US, to Florida in 1996. They used it as the title of their first CD and performed it at the Memorial Service for the victims of the Admiral Duncan bombing in 1999. When Pride London was set up in 2004, they opened and closed the Trafalgar Square rally with it.

References

London choirs
Musical groups established in 1983
LGBT culture in London


title: Portrait of Ms Ruby May, Standing

text:
Portrait of Ms Ruby May, Standing is an oil on canvas painting made in 2012 by the British visual artist Leena McCall, portraying her friend Ruby May.

Description
The painting depicts May, a tattooed black-haired woman, smoking a pipe. May is coolly scrutinizing the viewer, her other hand on her hip, with her trousers unbuttoned such that her pubic hair is visible. McCall's intention in painting May was to explore "how women choose to express their sexual identity beyond the male gaze".

Reception
The painting received public attention after the Mall Galleries removed it from the Society of Women Artists's annual exhibition in 2014, after which it was replaced with another nude portrait. According to a statement by the Galleries, this was done because of "a number of complaints regarding the depiction of the subject and taking account of its location en route for children to our learning centre", and, according to McCall, because the painting had been deemed "disgusting" and "pornographic". Writing in The Guardian, Rowan Pelling interpreted this reaction as implying that "the minute a woman is alive and free to move, an active agent of her own sexuality, she is a menace to society", whereas Mall Galleries viewers appeared to feel more comfortable with a nude woman who is a "more passive and unthreatening recipient of the wandering viewer's gaze". In response to the removal of the work, McCall started a Twitter campaign with the hashtag #eroticcensorship.

References

May, Ruby
May, Ruby
2012 paintings
Erotic art
Obscenity controversies in painting
Censorship in the arts
May, Ruby