title: Nizari Ismaili state

text:
The Nizari state (the Alamut state) was a Nizari Isma'ili Shia state founded by Hassan-i Sabbah after he took control of the Alamut Castle in 1090 AD, which marked the beginning of an era of Ismailism known as the "Alamut period". Their people were also known as the Assassins or Hashashins.

The state consisted of a nexus of strongholds throughout Persia and the Levant, with their territories being surrounded by huge swathes of hostile as well as crusader territory. It was formed as a result of a religious and political movement of the minority Nizari sect supported by the anti-Seljuk population. Being heavily outnumbered, the Nizaris resisted adversaries by employing strategic, self-sufficient fortresses and the use of unconventional tactics, notably assassination of important adversaries and psychological warfare. They also had a strong sense of community as well as total obedience to their leader.

Despite being occupied with survival in their hostile environment, the Ismailis in this period developed a sophisticated outlook and literary tradition.

Almost two centuries after its foundation, the state declined internally and its leadership capitulated to the invading Mongols, who later massacred many Nizaris. Most of what is known about them is based on descriptions by hostile sources.

Name

In Western sources, the state is called the Nizari Ismaili state, the Nizari state, as well as the Alamut state. In the modern scholarly literature, it is often referred to by the term Nizaris (or Nizari Ismailis) of the Alamut period,  with the demonym being Nizari.

It is also known as the Order of Assassins, generally referred to as Assassins or Hashshashin.

Contemporaneous Muslim authors referred to the sect as Batiniyya (), Ta'limiyya (), Isma'iliyya (), Nizariyya (), and the Nizaris are sometimes referred to with abusive terms such as mulhid (, plural: malahida ; literally "atheist"). The abusive terms hashishiyya () and hashishi () were less common, once used in a 1120s document by the Fatimid Caliph Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah and by late Muslim historians to refer to the Nizaris of Syria, and by some Caspian Zaydi sources to refer to the Nizaris of Persia.

Nizari coins referred to Alamut as kursī ad-Daylam (, literally "Capital of Daylam").

History

Most Ismaili Shias outside North Africa, mostly in Persia and Syria, came to acknowledge Nizar ibn al-Mustansir's claim to the Imamate as maintained by Hassan-i Sabbah, and this point marks the fundamental split between Ismaili Shias. Within two generations, the Fatimid Empire would suffer several more splits and eventually implode.

Following his expulsion from Egypt over his support for Nizar, Hassan-i Sabbah found that his co-religionists, the Ismailis, were scattered throughout Persia, with a strong presence in the northern and eastern regions, particularly in Daylam, Khurasan and Quhistan. The Ismailis and other occupied peoples of Persia held shared resentment for the ruling Seljuks, who had divided the country's farmland into iqtā’ (fiefs) and levied heavy taxes upon the citizens living therein. The Seljuk amirs (independent rulers) usually held full jurisdiction and control over the districts they administered. Meanwhile, Persian artisans, craftsmen and lower classes grew increasingly dissatisfied with the Seljuk policies and heavy taxes. Hassan too, was appalled by the political and economic oppression imposed by the Sunni Seljuk ruling class on Shi'ite Muslims living across Persia.  It was in this context that he embarked on a resistance movement against the Seljuqs, beginning with the search for a secure site from which to launch his revolt.

By 1090 AD, the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk had already given orders for Hassan's arrest and therefore Hassan was living in hiding in the northern town of Qazvin, approximately 60 km from the Alamut Castle. There, he made plans for the capture of the fortress, which was surrounded by a fertile valley whose inhabitants were mainly fellow Shi’i Muslims, the support of whom Hassan could easily gather for the revolt against the Seljuks. The castle had never before been captured by military means and thus Hassan planned meticulously. Meanwhile, he dispatched his reliable supporters to the Alamut valley to begin settlements around the castle.

In the summer of 1090 AD, Hassan set out from Qazvin towards Alamut on a mountainous route through Andej. He remained at Andej disguised as a schoolteacher named Dehkhoda until he was certain that a number of his supporters had settled directly below the castle in the village of Gazorkhan or had gained employment at the fortress itself. Still in disguise, Hassan made his way into the fortress, earning the trust and friendship of many of its soldiers. Careful not to attract the attention of the castle's Zaydi lord, Mahdi, Hassan began to attract prominent figures at Alamut to his mission. It has even been suggested that Mahdi's own deputy was a secret supporter of Hassan, waiting to demonstrate his loyalty on the day that Hassan would ultimately take the castle.
The Alamut fortress was eventually captured from Mahdi in 1090 AD and therefore from Seljuk control by Hassan and his supporters without resorting to any violence. Mahdi's life was spared, and he later received 3,000 gold dinars in compensation.
Capturing of the Alamut Castle marks the founding of the Nizari Ismaili state.

Under the leadership of Hassan-i Sabbah and the succeeding lords of Alamut, the strategy of covert capture was successfully replicated at strategic fortresses across Persia, Syria, and the Fertile Crescent.  The Nizari Ismaili created a state of unconnected fortresses, surrounded by huge swathes of hostile territory, and managed a unified power structure that proved more effective than either that in Fatimid Cairo, or Seljuk Bagdad, both of which suffered political instability, particularly during the transition between leaders. These periods of internal turmoil allowed the Ismaili state respite from attack, and even to have such sovereignty as to have minted their own coinage.

The Fortress of Alamut, which was officially called kursī ad-Daylam (, literally "Capital of Daylam") on Nizari coins, was thought impregnable to any military attack, and was fabled for its heavenly gardens, impressive libraries, and laboratories where philosophers, scientists, and theologians could debate all matters in intellectual freedom.

Organization

The hierarchy (hudūd) of the organization of the Nizari Ismailis was as follows:
Imām – the descendants of Nizar
Dā'ī ad-Du'āt – Chief Da'i
Dā'ī kabīr – Superior Da'i, Great Da'i
Dā'ī – Ordinary Da'i, Da'i
Rafīq – Companion
Lāṣiq. Lasiqs had to swear a special oath of obedience to the Imam.
Fidā'ī

Imam and da'is were the elites, while the majority of the sect consisted of the last three grades who were peasants and artisans.

Each territory was under the leadership of a Chief Da'i; a distinct title, muhtasham, was given to the governors of Quhistan. The governors were appointed from Alamut but enjoyed a large degree of local initiative, contributing to the resilience of the movement.

Fall

As the Mongols began invading Iran, many Sunni and Shia Muslims (including the prominent scholar Tusi) took refuge with the Nizaris of Quhistan. The governor (muhtasham) of Quhistan was Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fath Abd al-Rahim ibn Abi Mansur, and the Nizaris were under Imam Ala' al-Din Muhammad.

After the death of the last Khwarezmaian ruler Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, the destruction of the Nizari Ismaili state and the Abbasid Caliphate became the main Mongol objectives. In 1238, the Nizari Imam and the Abbasid caliph sent a joint diplomatic mission to the European kings Louis IX of France and Edward I of England to forge an alliance against the invading Mongols, but this was unsuccessful. The Mongols kept putting pressure on the Nizaris of Quhistan and Qumis. In 1256, Ala' al-Din was succeeded by his young son Rukn al-Din Khurshah as the Nizari Imam. A year later, the main Mongol army under Hulagu Khan entered Iran via Khorasan. Numerous negotiations between the Nizari Imam and Hulagu Khan were futile. Apparently, the Nizari Imam sought to at least keep the main Nizari strongholds, while the Mongols demanded the full submission of the Nizaris.

On 19 November 1256, the Nizari Imam, who was in the Maymun-Dizh, surrendered the castle to the besieging Mongols under Hulagu Khan after a fierce conflict. Alamut fell in December 1256 and Lambsar fell in 1257, with Gerdkuh remaining unconquered. In the same year, Möngke Khan, the khagan of the Mongol Empire, ordered a massacre of all Nizari Ismailis of Persia. Rukn al-Din Khurshah himself, who had traveled to Mongolia to meet Möngke Khan, was killed by his personal Mongol guard there. Gerdkuh castle finally fell in 1270, becoming the last Nizari stronghold in Persia to be conquered.

Though the Mongol massacre at Alamut was widely interpreted to be the end of Ismaili influence in the region, we learn from various sources that the Ismailis’ political influence continued. In 1275, a son of Rukn al-Din managed to recapture Alamut, though only for a few years. The Nizari Imam, known in the sources as Khudawand Muhammad, again managed to recapture the fort in the fourteenth century. According to Mar’ashi, the Imam's descendants would remain at Alamut until the late fifteenth century. Ismaili political activity in the region also seems to have continued under the leadership of Sultan Muhammad b. Jahangir and his son, until the latter's execution in 1006/1597.

Faith

Rulers and Imams

 Da'is who ruled at Alamut

Da'i Hassan-i Sabbah (1090–1124)
Da'i Kiya Buzurg-Ummid (1124–1138)
Da'i Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Ummid (1138–1162)

 Concealed Imams at Alamut
Imam Ali al-Hadi ibn Nizar()
Imam Al-Muhtadī ibn al-Hādī (Muhammad I) ()
Imam Al-Qāhir ibn al-Muhtadī bi-Quwatullāh / bi-Ahkāmillāh (Hassan I) ()

 Imams who ruled at Alamut
Imam Hassan II 'Ala Dhikrihi's-Salam (1162–1166)
Imam Nur al-Din A'la Muhammad II (1166–1210)
Imam Jalal al-Din Hasan III (1210–1221)
Imam 'Ala al-Din Muhammad III (1221–1255)
Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah (1255–1256)

Military tactics

Castles

The state had around 200 fortresses overall. The most important one was Alamut Castle, the residence of the Lord. The largest castle was Lambasar Castle, featuring a complex and highly efficient water storage system. The most important fortress in Syria was Masyaf Castle, though the castle of Kahf was probably the main residence of the Syrian Ismaili leader Rashid al-Din Sinan.

The natural geographical features of the valley surrounding Alamut largely secured the castle's defence. Positioned atop a narrow rock base approximately 180 meters above ground level, the fortress could not be taken by direct military force. To the east, the Alamut valley is bordered by a mountainous range called Alamkuh (The Throne of Solomon) between which the Alamut River flows. The valley's western entrance is a narrow one, shielded by cliffs over 350m high. Known as the Shirkuh, the gorge sits at the intersection of three rivers: the Taliqan, Shahrud and Alamut River. For much of the year, the raging waters of the river made this entrance nearly inaccessible. Qazvin, the closest town to the valley by land can only be reached by an underdeveloped mule track upon which an enemy's presence could easily be detected given the dust clouds arising from their passage.

The military approach of the Nizari Ismaili state was largely a defensive one, with strategically chosen sites that appeared to avoid confrontation wherever possible without the loss of life. But the defining characteristic of the Nizari Ismaili state was that it was scattered geographically throughout Persia and Syria. The Alamut castle therefore was only one of a nexus of strongholds throughout the regions where Ismailis could retreat to safety if necessary. West of Alamut in the Shahrud Valley, the major fortress of Lamasar served as just one example of such a retreat. In the context of their political uprising, the various spaces of Ismaili military presence took on the name dar al-hijra (place of refuge). The notion of the dar al-hijra originates from the time of the Prophet Muhammad, who fled with his supporters from intense persecution to safe haven in Yathrib. In this way, the Fatimids found their dar al-hijra in North Africa. Likewise during the revolt against the Seljuqs, several fortresses served as spaces of refuge for the Ismailis.

During the mid-12th century the Assassins captured or acquired several fortresses in the Nusayriyah Mountain Range in coastal Syria, including Masyaf, Rusafa, al-Kahf, al-Qadmus, Khawabi, Sarmin, Quliya, Ulayqa, Maniqa, Abu Qubays and Jabal al-Summaq. For the most part, the Assassins maintained full control over these fortresses until 1270–73 when the Mamluk sultan Baibars annexed them. Most were dismantled afterwards, while those at Masyaf and Ulayqa were later rebuilt. From then on, the Ismailis maintained limited autonomy over those former strongholds as loyal subjects of the Mamluks.

Assassination

In pursuit of their religious and political goals, the Ismailis adopted various military strategies popular in the Middle Ages. One such method was that of assassination, the selective elimination of prominent rival figures. The murders of political adversaries were usually carried out in public spaces, creating resounding intimidation for other possible enemies. Throughout history, many groups have resorted to assassination as a means of achieving political ends.  In the Ismaili context, these assignments were performed by commandos called fidā’ī (, "devotee"; plural  fidā’iyyūn).  The assassinations were against those whose elimination would most greatly reduce aggression against the Ismailis and, in particular, against those who had perpetrated massacres against the community. A single assassination was usually employed in favour of widespread bloodshed resultant from factional combat. The first instance of assassination in the effort to establish an Nizari Ismaili state in Persia is widely considered to be the murder of Seljuq vizier, Nizam al-Mulk. Carried out by a man dressed as a Sufi whose identity remains unclear, the vizier's murder in a Seljuq court is distinctive of exactly the type of visibility for which missions of the fida’is have been significantly exaggerated.  While the Seljuqs and Crusaders both employed assassination as a military means of disposing of factional enemies, during the Alamut period almost any murder of political significance in the Islamic lands was attributed to the Ismailis.

Knives and daggers were used to kill, and sometimes as a warning, a knife would be placed onto the pillow of a Sunni, who understood the message that he was marked for death.

According to an account by the Armenian historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi,

See also
 History of Nizari Ismailism
 List of assassinations by the Assassins
 Order of Assassins

References

Bibliography

Willey, Peter. The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria. I.B.Tauris, 2005. .

External links

"Nizari Ismaili Concept of Castles", The Institute of Ismaili Studies

States and territories established in 1090
States and territories disestablished in 1273
States and territories disestablished in the 1270s
Medieval Islamic world
Medieval Syria
Medieval Iran
Iran–Syria relations
1090 establishments in Asia
1256 disestablishments in Asia
Medieval Iraq
Nizari Ismailism
Seljuk Empire
Secret societies
Establishments in the medieval Islamic world
Militias in Asia
Rebel militia groups
Insurgent groups in Asia
Rebel groups in Iran


Czech Republic women's national floorball team is the national team of Czech Republic.

Its biggest success is bronze medal from the 8th World Championships in 2011, which took place in Switzerland. Czech Republic has appeared in every World and European women's championships tournament organised by the IFF.

World Championships

Source:

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball
Floorball in the Czech Republic


title: Latvia women's national floorball team

text:
Latvia women's national floorball team is the national team of Latvia. At the 1997 Floorball Women's World Championship in Godby and Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, the team finished seventh. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished seventh in the A-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished sixth in the A-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished sixth in the A-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished fifth in the A-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished fourth in the A-Division.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: Journey to Self

text:
Journey to Self is a 2012 Nigerian drama film written and produced by Ashionye Michelle Raccah and directed by Tope Oshin, starring Nse Ikpe-Etim, Dakore Akande, Ashionye Michelle Raccah, Katherine Obiang and Tosin Sido. It received a nomination for the category Achievement In Soundtrack at the 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards.
The film tells a story of 5 childhood friends who converge at the home of one of them who just died, she leaves a series of letters that explains her struggles through life and eventually leading to their "self discovery".

Plot
The film tells a story of 5 childhood friends that converge at the home of the deceased Uche reading a series of letters she left that explains her struggles through life and eventually leading to their self-discovery.

Rume (Katherine Obiang) is married to a man, whom she later discovered was a "crossdresser", she filed for divorce after several attempt to make him normal proved abortive. however he pleaded with her to stage infidelity as the reason for the divorce to avoid disgrace and societal outrage from family and friends for his eccentric lifestyle.

Uche (Tosin Sido) was married off by her dad as the 4th wife to a former business colleague as a remedy for an unpaid debt. As soon as it was revealed that she was barren, she began suffering an emotional breakdown caused by her much older husband and his jealous wives.

Regina (Ashionye Michelle Raccah) is a full housewife that is being assaulted by her husband, Their 2 kids were also affected by the domestic violence.

Nse (Nse Ikpe Etim) had a son when she was younger and her husband is yet to know about it.

Alex (Dakore Akande) is an entertainment celebrity that has been very unlucky with men taking advantage of her tenderheartedness.

Cast
Nse Ikpe-Etim as Nse
Dakore Akande as Alex
Ashionye Michelle Raccah as Regina
Katherine Obiang as Rume
Tosin Sido as Uche
Carol King as Stella
Kalu Ikeagwu as Joe
Femi Brainard as David
Chris Attoh as Dapo
Femi Jacobs as Uzo

Reception
Journey to Self received mixed to positive reviews from critics with Nollywood Reinvented giving it a 54% rating. The reviewer described the film as not fitting into the typical Nollywood formula. "Just because it’s not what we’re used to doesn’t make it a bad movie. It had a point to convey, it sent that point home and it ended. Simple and short." Sodas and Popcorn gave it 4 out of 5 rating and states "It has a strong message about self-discovery, being independent, standing up for yourself. The best part is the fact that the movie succeeds in communicating all these lessons effectively."  "I had an eighteen month old baby to raise and a husband who doesn't know whether he wants to be a mummy or a daddy" has been noted as being a memorable line from the movie.

Awards

See also
 List of Nigerian films of 2012

References

External links

2012 films
English-language Nigerian films
Nigerian drama films
Films set in Lagos
Films set in Abuja
Films shot in Lagos
2012 drama films
2010s English-language films


title: Germany women's national floorball team

text:
Germany women's national floorball team is the national team of Germany. At the 1997 Floorball Women's World Championship in Godby and Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, the team finished eighth. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished sixth in the A-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished seventh in the A-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished eighth in the A-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished fourth in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished second in the B-Division. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished eighth.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: Heinrich von Rustige

text:
Heinrich Franz Gaudenz von Rustige (12 April 1810 – 15 January 1900) was a German painter specializing in historical subjects and genres.

Life and work

From 1828, he was a student of Wilhelm von Schadow at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. After 1832, he began participating in exhibitions there.

In 1836, he settled in Frankfurt am Main and made that his base for student trips to Vienna, Dresden, Berlin, France and England. Beginning in 1845, he taught at the Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart, where he also served as "Inspector" of the art gallery and the engraving collections.

From 1865 to 1866 he had his won house built; designed by the architect, Christian Friedrich von Leins. It was demolished in 1951. The relief sculptures of the "Four Seasons", by Bertel Thorvaldsen, which adorned the house, may now be seen at the . He gave up his teaching post in 1887, but continued as the gallery Director until 1897.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross, First Class of the Order of the Crown (Württemberg), which conferred a title of nobility.
In 1890, he was made an Honorary Citizen of Werl.

His works cover a wide range of subject matter, including historical scenes, genre scens, landscapes and portraits. His paintings may be seen at the National Gallery (Berlin), the  and the Museum Kunstpalast.

Poetry
Rustige is also known as a poet. A volume of lyrical poems in 1845 was followed by the historical verse dramas "Filippo Lippi" (1851), "Attila" (1853), "Konrad Widerhold" (1856) and "Eberhard im Bart" (1863). "Kaiser Ludwig, der Baier" (1860) has been reprinted by the Nabu Press (2012). He wrote a popular military song, "Deutscher Marsch," set to music by Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken.

Major works

 "Die Überschwemmung" (The Flood, National Gallery, Berlin)
 "Herzog Alba im Schloss zu Rudolstadt" (The Duke of Alva in the Castle of Rudolstadt, Galerie zu Stuttgart)
 "Überführung der Leiche Kaiser Ottos III nach Deutschland" (The Transfer of Emperor Otto III's Body to Germany, Municipal Museum Werl)
 "Friedrich II und sein Hof in Palermo" (Frederick II and his Court in Palermo, Municipal Museum Werl)

References

Sources
 Gisela Hengstenberg: Rübezahl im Königsbau. Die Stuttgarter Künstlergesellschaft „Das Strahlende Bergwerk“, Stuttgart 2003.
 Ingeborg Krekler: Katalog der handschriftlichen Theaterbücher des ehemaligen württembergischen Hoftheaters : (codices theatrales) , Wiesbaden 1979, S. 47, 205 und 335 (Digitalisat)
 Manfred Schmid; Jutta Ronke: Städtisches Lapidarium, Museumsführer, Stuttgart 2006.
 Stuttgart, in: Deutsches Kunstblatt. Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst, Baukunst und Kunstgewerbe 2.1851, Nr. 43 vom 25. Oktober, S. 348 (Digitalisat)
 Gustav Wais: Stuttgarts Kunst- und Kulturdenkmale : 25 Bilder mit stadtgeschichtlichen, baugeschichtlichen und kunstgeschichtlichen Erläuterungen, Stuttgart [1954].

External links

 List of Authors from Westphalia, 1750 to 1950:  (with references)

1810 births
1900 deaths
German poets
Landscape painters
German genre painters
German male poets
19th-century German painters
19th-century German male artists
German male painters
19th-century poets
19th-century German writers
19th-century German male writers


title: Austria women's national floorball team

text:
The Austria women's national floorball team is an Austrian national sports team that plays floorball.

Championship performance
At the 1997 Floorball Women's World Championship in Godby and Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, the Austria women's national floorball team finished ninth.

At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished first in the B-Division and elevated to the A-Division.

At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished eighth in the A-Division and were relegated to the B-Division.

At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished seventh in the B-Division.

The team participated in the Qualification to the B-Division for the 2009 Floorball Women's World Championship. The qualifiers were held in Idrija, Slovenia. The team did not advance out of qualifiers.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Women's national sports teams of Austria


title: Vladimir Danilevich

text:
Vladimir Petrovich Danilevich (; 4 September 1924 – 9 October 2001) was a well-known Soviet and Russian animator who successfully worked as a film director, screenwriter and art director.

Selected filmography

Director
1976—"How an Old Man destroyed The Great Balance"
1989—"The Newcomer in The Cabbage"
1990—"Vaniusha The Newcomer"
1991—"Vaniusha and The Space Pirate"
1993—"Vaniusha and The Giant"
1993—"An Autumn Meeting"
1993—"Caveman and Friends: Surprise Caveman"

Screenwriter
1993—"An Autumn Meeting"

Art Director
1956—"A Wonderfull Well"
1958—"Beloved Beauty"
1959—"The Soldier has returned home"

Animator
1949—"Geese-Swans"
1949—"Mister Wolf"
1952—"The Snow Maiden"
1956—"A Wonderfull Well"

Second Director (First Assistant)
1964—Lefty
1966—Go There, Don't Know Where

(Full Filmography of Vladimir Danilevich)

References

External links

Russian animators
Russian animated film directors
Soviet animators
1924 births
2001 deaths
Soviet animation directors


title: Japan women's national floorball team

text:
Japan women's national floorball team is the national team of Japan. At the 1997 Floorball Women's World Championship in Godby and Mariehamn, Åland, Finland, the team finished tenth. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished fourth in the B-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished fifth in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished first in the B-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished eighth in the A-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished sixth in the B-Division. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished fifteenth.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Women's national sports teams of Japan


title: Canadian drug charges and trial of Jimi Hendrix

text:
In 1969, American rock musician Jimi Hendrix, then at the height of his career, was arrested, tried, and acquitted in Canada for drug possession. On May 3, 1969, customs agents at Toronto International Airport detained Hendrix after finding a small amount of what they suspected to be heroin and hashish in his luggage. Four hours later, after a mobile lab confirmed what had been found, he was formally charged with drug possession. Released on $10,000 bail, Hendrix was required to return on May 5 for an arraignment hearing. During a performance at Maple Leaf Gardens later that night, he displayed a jovial attitude, joking with the audience and singing a few lines of mock opera for comedic effect.

At a preliminary hearing on June 19, Judge Robert Taylor set a date for December 8, at which Hendrix would stand trial for two counts of illegal possession of narcotics, for which he faced as many as 20 years in prison. While there was no question as to whether the drugs were in Hendrix's luggage, for the Crown to prove possession they had to show that he knew they were there. In his cross-examination of Canadian customs officials, defense attorney John O'Driscoll raised doubts about whether the narcotics belonged to Hendrix, who had no drug paraphernalia in his luggage or needle tracks on his arms. After a trial that lasted for three days, the jury deliberated for 8 hours before returning a not guilty verdict, acquitting Hendrix of both charges.

The incident proved stressful for Hendrix, and it weighed heavily on his mind during the seven months that he awaited trial. Two weeks after the arrest, he told his friend, journalist Sharon Lawrence, that his fear of needles discouraged him from using heroin and that associating with junkies had convinced him it was not a drug he wanted to use. Both of Hendrix's Experience bandmates, Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding, later stated that they had been warned about a planned drug bust the day before flying to Toronto and they believed that drugs had been planted in Hendrix's bag. Although Hendrix was one of the biggest stars in North America at the time, and the world's highest-paid performer, only a couple of Toronto newspapers carried the story. His public relations manager, Michael Goldstein, later revealed that he bribed a member of the Associated Press with a case of liquor in an effort to prevent the story from going out on the news wire.

Background

In late 1968, the members of the Jimi Hendrix Experience were living in a rented house in Benedict Canyon, Los Angeles. One night bassist Noel Redding was warned about a pending visit from law enforcement, so he immediately phoned drummer Mitch Mitchell, who was at the nightclub Whisky a Go Go, and asked him to come over to the house so that they could search for and remove any illegal drugs. They found a large assortment of substances in Hendrix's room that had apparently been given to him by fans. Soon afterwards, they were paid a visit by three detectives who told them that they were under police surveillance by officers living in a nearby house.

On May 2, 1969, the Experience performed at Cobo Hall in Detroit. According to Mitchell, while they were getting ready for the show the band and their entourage were informed about a possible drug bust planned for the following day. The group's road crew warned everyone to take precautions against any potential for drugs to be planted on them. Mitchell responded by wearing a suit without pockets and not wearing any underwear. Tour managers Gerry Stickells and Tony Ruffino expressed their concern to Hendrix and asked him if he had any drugs on him to which he replied: "No." After arriving in Toronto, he was awoken by concert promoter Ron Terry who told him: "Whatever you got in that bag, get rid of it." Terry then took him into the plane's bathroom and dumped anything that might be mistaken for illegal drugs into the toilet. Terry commented: "I thought he was clean."

Arrest, performance, and arraignment

After landing at Toronto International Airport on May 3, 1969, Hendrix and Terry were the last to exit the plane. Ruffino was carrying Hendrix's bags, and he placed them on a counter at the customs station. An agent immediately chastised him, shouting: "If that's not yours, keep your hands off it", to which Ruffino replied: "I work for him." The agent repeated the order before asking Hendrix if they were his bags; he confirmed that they were. At 9:30 a.m., authorities detained Hendrix after finding a small amount of what they suspected to be heroin and hashish in his luggage. A mobile lab was set up to determine what had been found, and at 1:30 p.m. Metro police detective Harry Midgley arrested him for illegal possession of narcotics. After being booked, fingerprinted, and photographed, he was released on $10,000 bail and required to return on May 5 for an arraignment hearing.  While they awaited the lab results, Stickells attempted to make contact with Hendrix's manager, Mike Jeffery, who had traveled to Hawaii and was unavailable.

When Stickells expressed concern that the arrest might jeopardize the concert that was scheduled for that night at Maple Leaf Gardens, the booking detective assured them that he would "get it done as quickly" as he could because his children had tickets for the event; he commented: "they'll kill me if I don't get [Hendrix] out." Management at the Gardens pressured the Toronto police department to release him, complaining that the sell-out crowd of 18,000 fans might riot if they canceled the show. He was released by 8 p.m. and escorted to the venue by the police, who remained at the arena throughout the performance. He displayed a jovial attitude during the concert, joking with the audience and singing in a mock operatic style for comedic effect. In light of the arrest, he altered the lyrics to "Red House", singing "soon as I get out of jail, I wanna see her."

Rolling Stone magazine reported that during the arraignment hearing, which lasted for three minutes, the courthouse was filled with young fans who had come to show their support for Hendrix, who "entered wearing a pink shirt open to the waist, an Apache-style headband, a multi-colored scarf around his neck and beads. His manner was dead serious."

Preliminary hearing

On June 19, 1969, Hendrix flew to Toronto for a preliminary hearing. He wore a business suit for the first time since before the formation of the Experience in late 1966. Judge Robert Taylor presided over the hearing, setting a date for December 8, at which Hendrix would stand trial for two counts of possession of heroin and hashish, for which he faced as much as 20 years in prison. More serious potential charges of drug transporting and trafficking, which had been discussed at the time of the arrest, were not filed.

Second Toronto arrest
In preparation for the trial, Hendrix had his hair cut, and he purchased new clothes. One of his defense lawyers, Bob Levine, commented: "I took him to a number of stores that specialized in tailored suits. We found a conservative suit that looked great on him. It was hilarious. He was like a hick, awkwardly fidgeting around and trying to loosen his tie. I didn't care how uncomfortable he was; the suit was perfect."

On December 7, while Hendrix and Levine were travelling by limousine to a New York airport for their flight to Toronto, Levine noticed that Hendrix was putting some personal items into his guitar case. Levine then reminded him that they would be going through customs and that they had better not bring anything inappropriate. He reassured Levine, but as they approached their destination Levine confronted him: "Jimi, I know you have something in that guitar case. I don't know what it is, and it's not normally my business to interfere, but I know we will be searched at customs." Hendrix insisted that he had nothing to worry about, stating: "Trust me, Bob, no one is going to recognize me", to which he replied: "Recognize you? They will be waiting at customs for you." Soon after their arrival at the Toronto airport, Hendrix was arrested by customs agents who found a capsule of an unknown substance in his guitar case. He spent the night in jail, waiting for it to be tested. Later that day, the Toronto police department dropped the charges when the pill was determined to be a legal medication.

Trial

While there was no question as to whether the drugs were in Hendrix's luggage, in order for the Crown to prove possession they had to show that he knew they were there. Judge Joseph Kelly presided over the trial proceedings, which began on December 8, 1969. Crown counsel John Malone called as witnesses the officers who discovered the drugs and the lab technicians who identified them as heroin; the prosecution rested after three hours of testimony. In his cross-examination of Canadian customs officials, defense attorney John O'Driscoll raised doubts about whether the drugs belonged to Hendrix. Mervin Wilson, the customs agent who discovered the drugs, agreed with O'Driscoll's assertion that Hendrix had drawn attention to himself at the airport by wearing what O'Driscoll described as "obviously mod clothing". Wilson stated that Hendrix had no drug paraphernalia in his luggage, and Constable W. J. Matheson confirmed that Hendrix had no needle tracks on his arms.

The Hendrix defense team did not dispute that the drugs were found in his bag. They instead developed a strategy intended to demonstrate that he was not aware of its contents. Further, they offered substantiated accounts of how common it was for him to receive gifts from fans, which often included drugs. Hendrix was called as the first witness for the defense; he testified that fans showered gifts on him, including teddy bears, scarves, clothing, and jewelry. He explained that while in Beverly Hills, California, a female fan had given him a vial of what he thought was Bromo-Seltzer—a legal medication—which he put in his bag without knowledge of the illegal substances contained therein. Malone countered: "You are charged with a serious offense, and your evidence is you don't really know how it got there, or who put it there", to which Hendrix responded: "Yes." The prosecutor then held up the aluminum tube in which the hashish was found and asked Hendrix to explain what he thought it was, he replied: "A pea shooter", drawing uproarious laughter from the court. When asked about his drug use, he denied that he had ever used heroin or amphetamines, but admitted to smoking cannabis and hashish. He also admitted that he had used cocaine twice and LSD five times. He testified that his cannabis use had declined over the previous year, stating: "I feel I have outgrown it". Hendrix admitted that he had seen people use heroin, but denied any further knowledge of the drug. He testified that he was given some gifts at a fan club meeting for the Beatles that were intended for the English group; when he opened them he found several joints as well as what appeared to be doses of LSD.

The second witness called by the defense was United Press International (UPI) journalist and Hendrix's friend Sharon Lawrence, who testified that she was with Hendrix in California when, after complaining about feeling ill, an unnamed fan gave him something. When Malone suggested that her memory was suspiciously acute, she explained that her training as a reporter prepared her to notice fine details. Hendrix's manager and producer, Chas Chandler, was called next, and he corroborated the defense's assertion that rock stars, particularly Hendrix, would regularly receive gifts from fans and that those gifts often included drugs. In its closing argument, the defense reiterated that in order to be guilty of possession of narcotics Hendrix had to have knowledge of the illegal drugs. After a trial that had lasted for three days, the jury deliberated for more than eight hours before returning a not guilty verdict, acquitting Hendrix of both charges. Torontoist Kevin Plummer wrote: "As the all-male jury announced its acquittal, the courtroom—crowded with young people—erupted into applause." In remarks to reporters after the verdict was announced, Hendrix commented: "Canada has given me the best Christmas present I ever had", while flashing a peace sign.

Impact on Hendrix
The incident proved stressful for Hendrix, and it weighed heavily on his mind while he awaited trial. His limousine driver and a witness to the arrest, Louis Goldblatt, described him as "genuinely dumbfounded by the whole affair." Tour manager Eric Barrett said that he looked "as if there had been a plane crash". Hendrix biographers Harry Shapiro and Caesar Glebbeek described the incident as "a nightmare which ... plagued" him for seven months. According to Redding, "the bust knocked any positive feelings Jimi was holding onto out of him" and that he was in "agonised suspense" from the arrest until the trial. In 2012, Plummer wrote: "The real possibility of prison hung over Hendrix like a spectre ... a threat to his career and the cause of much brooding and rumination." Journalist Charles Shaar Murray asserted that the incident jeopardized what he described as "Hendrix's increasingly fragile peace of mind".

Two weeks after the arrest, Hendrix told Lawrence: "Whatever I have done ... getting hooked on heroin is not one of them." He explained that his fear of needles discouraged him from using the drug and that having known junkies convinced him that it was not something he should get involved with. Soon after the story of his arrest became public, he drew a connection between the bust and anti-establishment sentiments: "All of that is the establishment fighting back ... Eventually, they will swallow themselves up, but I don't want them to swallow up too many kids as they go along."

According to Shapiro and Glebbeek, in 1969 there was little confidence in the staying power of rock stars; it was assumed that their careers were going to be short, and industry insiders operated under a "take the money and run" mentality. For this reason, they speculated that had Hendrix been convicted it would have ended his music career. After the trial, his management announced to the British press that they were planning a farewell tour for the Experience. However, the US tour during which the arrest occurred was their last. The band played their final concert on June 29, at Mile High Stadium in Denver (less than two months before Hendrix's iconic solo performance at Woodstock). There were no new album releases from them during 1969. Hendrix's management later stated that concert promoters were apprehensive about booking him until after the matter had been resolved.

Initial suppression of media coverage
According to Cross, "By far the most extraordinary aspect of Jimi Hendrix's drug bust in Toronto on May 3, 1969, was how little press it generated." Despite the fact that Hendrix was one of the biggest stars in North America at the time, and the highest-paid performer in the world, only a couple of Toronto newspapers carried the story. Sharon Lawrence was informed of the incident by a London reporter working for UPI who told her that people were speculating that he had been set up. She commented: "There was nothing about the Hendrix arrest in the Los Angeles papers." However, The New York Times ran a brief story about the arrest on May 5. Four weeks later, Rolling Stone published a sympathetic article written by rock journalists Ben Fong-Torres and Ritchie Yorke that included speculation that Hendrix had been framed.

In January 1970, Rolling Stone asked Hendrix about having testified that he stopped using cannabis; he laughed and replied: "At least, stop it from growing". When pressed he answered: "I'm too ... wrecked right now." His management was concerned that the incident might provoke cancellations during the concurrent tour, but the story stayed largely unknown until after the tour had ended. His public relations manager, Michael Goldstein, later revealed that he had bribed a member of the Associated Press with a case of liquor to prevent the story from going out on the wire. Goldstein commented: "I knew that a million dollars was riding on that story not getting on UPI and the AP wire ... By his nature, a press agent shouldn't have to determine someone's future."

Conspiracy theories
Wayne Kramer, a guitarist for MC5, suggested that Hendrix had been set up as part of a wide-scale crackdown on rock musicians: "I don't have any doubt in my mind that the right-wing government forces were behind all of that ... There was an effort, a movement, to stop this threat that rock and roll represented." Hendrix was not the only prominent rock musician who found himself in legal trouble during May 1969. On May 16, the US embassy in London revoked John Lennon's visa in response to his 1968 drug conviction, describing him as "an inadmissible immigrant". That same day, Jefferson Airplane bassist Jack Casady was arrested for possession of marijuana, and on May 28, Mick Jagger and Marianne Faithfull were arrested at their London home for marijuana possession.

After the arrest in Toronto, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) opened a file on Hendrix, which grew to seven pages, including documents related to his previous arrests for stealing cars at the age of 19. Yorke and Fong-Torres wrote, "The populace of Toronto are a very conservative lot, and tend to look with suspicion upon anybody who looks and dresses a little different from themselves. Hendrix looks a lot different." Lawrence commented: "The prevailing political attitude in Canada regarding Hendrix was 'We have to make an example of this fuzzy-haired black weirdo'." Shapiro and Glebbeek asserted their suspicion regarding the presence of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), who did not typically make arrests at the airport. They also speculated that Canadian authorities had anticipated a public spectacle, intentionally searching the Hendrix entourage in plain view of people at the airport.

According to author John Hagen, Toronto's then-mayor, William Dennison, was openly antagonistic to the influx of American hippies, draft resisters, and those who supported them who were coming to Canada in large numbers during the height of the Vietnam War. In his 2001 book, Northern Passage: American Vietnam War Resisters in Canada, Hagen wrote: "The mayors of Canada's largest cities used the (War Measures Act) in a backlash against American war resisters." Dennison stated: "a few hippies and deserters are Toronto's only problem." Mayor Jean Drapeau of Montreal asserted that military resisters were part of a "revolutionary conspiracy." Vancouver's mayor, Tom Campbell, commented: "I don't like draft dodgers and I'll do anything within the law that allows me to get rid of them." While all three men supported use of the War Measures Act to harass war resisters and hippies, Campbell was the most aggressive; he told the Toronto Star: "I believe the law should be used against any revolutionary whether he's a US draft dodger or a hippie." According to Hagen, the RCMP and the FBI cooperated in their effort to harass American war resisters during the late 1960s.

Although several people expressed the opinion that Mike Jeffrey had set Hendrix up in an effort to control him and create dependency, Shapiro and Glebbeek dispute this theory based on Jeffrey's severe risk of significant financial shortfall had Hendrix been convicted. Jeffrey's assistant, Trixie Sullivan, speculated that the drugs had been planted by a fan who became disgruntled after Hendrix refused his sexual advance. Both Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding later wrote in their autobiographies that the entire Hendrix entourage had been warned about a planned drug bust the day before flying to Toronto; both men also stated that they believed the incident had been set up and that the drugs had been planted in Hendrix's bag. According to author Ritchie Unterberger, although Hendrix "took his fair share of drugs", the commonly accepted view is that he did not use heroin regularly and was not an addict; his drug use was typical of his peers, but not excessive. Mitchell wrote: "Contrary to what some people have said, Jimi was never a junkie – that is he was never addicted to any drug, particularly heroin, which he tried once or twice but didn't like."

Notes

References

Bibliography

Jimi Hendrix
Criminal trials that ended in acquittal
Trials in Canada
Drugs in Canada
1969 in Canadian law
1960s trials
Bribery scandals


title: Turtle Island (horse)

text:
Turtle Island (16 March 1991 – 4 July 2014) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was one of the leading British two-year-olds of 1993 when he won four of his seven races including the Norfolk Stakes, Phoenix Stakes and Gimcrack Stakes. In the following year he won the Greenham Stakes before winning the Irish 2,000 Guineas by fifteen lengths. He was beaten in his three remaining races and was retired to stud, where he had some success as a sire of winners.

Background
Turtle Island was a bay colt with a small white star bred in Ireland by Ron Con Ltd and Robert Sangster's Swettenham Stud. Turtle Island's sire, Fairy King, who was full-brother to Sadler's Wells, failed to win a race after being injured on his debut, but sired the winners of over five-hundred races, including Helissio and Oath. His dam, Sisania, was descendant of the French mare Batika, making her a distant relative of the three-time Grand National winner Red Rum.

In September 1992 the yearling colt was sent to the sales at Doncaster where he was bought for 23,000 guineas by Frank Barry. During his racing career, Turtle Island raced in the green and blue silks of Robert Sangster and was trained by Peter Chapple-Hyam at Manton in Wiltshire. He was ridden in all of his races by John Reid.

Racing career

1993: two-year-old season
Turtle Island made his racecourse debut in a five furlong maiden race at Newbury Racecourse on 17 April in which he started the 13/8 favourite in a field of eight runners. He took the lead approaching the final furlong and drew clear of the field by five lengths. The colt was then moved up in class for the Group Three Norfolk Stakes at Royal Ascot in June. Starting the 3/1 second favourite he raced just behind the leaders before taking the lead a furlong out and winning by three and a half lengths from Gold Land. Turtle Island started odds-on favourite for the July Stakes over six furlong at Newmarket Racecourse but was never able to challenge for the lead and finished fourth of the six runners behind First Trump. Ten days later, Turtle Island contested the Super Sprint Trophy at Newbury in which he carried top weight of 133 pounds and finished third of the sixteen runners behind the Queen Mary Stakes winner Risky.

On 8 August, Turtle Island was sent to Ireland for the Group One Phoenix Stakes over six furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse and started the 7/4 favourite. He was among the leaders from the start before establishing an advantage inside the last quarter mile and winning by half a length from Las Meninas, a filly who went on to win the 1000 Guineas. Ten days after his win in Ireland, Turtle Island was sent to York Racecourse for the Gimcrack Stakes in which he carried top weight of 131 pounds and started the 5/2 second favourite. He took the lead approaching the final furlong and stayed on "gamely" after being overtaken by the filly Unblest to regain the lead in the final strides and win by a head. The favourite Mister Baileys, later to win the 2000 Guineas finished sixth of the eight runners. On his final appearance of the season, Turtle Island started the 85/40 favourite for the Group One Middle Park Stakes over six furlongs at Newmarket. He took the lead at half way but was soon overtaken and finished fourth behind First Trump, Owington and Redoubtable.

1994: three-year-old season
Turtle Island began his second season at Newbury on 16 April, when he started 2/1 favourite for the Greenham Stakes, a trial race for the 2000 Guineas. The colt pulled hard when Reid attempted to restrain him in the early stages before taking the lead in the final quarter mile and accelerating clear of the field to win in "impressive" style by eight lengths from Luhuk. Turtle Island bypassed the 2000 Guineas, which was run on firm ground, and instead contested the Poule d'Essai des Poulains at Longchamp Racecourse on 8 May. He was held up in the early stages and was last of the eight runners on the final turn. He made progress in the straight, but was beaten a "short neck" by the locally trained Green Tune. A week after his defeat in France, the colt was sent to Ireland for the Irish 2000 Guineas at the Curragh and started 5/4 favourite against eight opponents. Racing on heavy ground, Turtle Island took the lead inside the last quarter mile and drew away from the field to win by fifteen lengths from Guided Tour. Grand Lodge, who had been beaten a short head by Mister Baileys in the 2000 Guineas, finished fourth. After the race, Chapple-Hyam described the winner as "some horse, as good as I have ever trained". John Reid said "When he gets cut in the ground he is different class. I have a very soft spot for Dr Devious but he could not have produced a performance like this".

On 14 June, Turtle Island started 15/8 favourite for the St James's Palace Stakes on firm ground at Royal Ascot, but after briefly taking the lead in the straight he finished third behind Grand Lodge and Distant View. After a break two and a half months he returned in Celebration Mile at Goodwood Racecourse. He was made the 11/10 favourite but finished third of six runners behind the filly Mehthaaf. Turtle Island's last race was the Queen Elizabeth II Stakes at Ascot in September, when he finished sixth of the nine runners behind the 66/1 outsider Maroof.

Stud record
Turtle Island was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion Entered stud in 1995-2001 at Coolmore Stud Ireland Shuttled in 1995-97 to Australia Shuttled in 1999 to New Zealand and made a very impressive start to his stud career, siring the 2000 Guineas winner Island Sands in his first crop of foals. His other offspring included the Prix d'Astarte winner Turtle Bow.
He later established himself as a sire of National Hunt horses including Seabass, Bensalem (December Gold Cup) Scolardy (Triumph Hurdle) and An Cathaoir Mor (Arkle Novice Chase)At stud in 2002-04 at Castlehyde Stud Ireland At stud in 2005-09 at Coolmore's Beeches Stud Ireland.At stud in 2010-14 at the Allevamento Torre di Canicarao Italy.He died on 4 July 2014.

Pedigree

References

1991 racehorse births
2014 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Irish Classic Race winners
Thoroughbred family 25


title: Fartuun Adan

text:
Fartuun Abdisalaan Adan (, ) is a Somali social activist. She is the executive director of the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre.

Personal life
Adan grew up in Somalia. She was married to Elman Ali Ahmed, a local entrepreneur and peace activist. The couple had four daughters.

In 1996, during the height of the civil war, Adan's husband was killed near the family's home in southern Mogadishu. Adan subsequently emigrated to Canada in 1999.

In 2007, she returned to Somalia to advocate for peace and human rights.

On November 20, 2019, local authorities confirmed her daughter Almaas Elman, who had also returned to Somalia as an aid worker, had been shot and killed in a car, near the Mogadishu airport.

Career
Adan is the executive director of the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre, a Mogadishu-based NGO established in honour of her late husband. She serves as the organization's Executive Director, while their daughter Ilwad works alongside her.

Through the center, she also co-founded Sister Somalia, the country's first program for assistance of victims of sexual violence.

Awards
In 2013, Adan was presented an International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

In 2014, she also received an award from the government of Germany for her work with the Elman Peace and Human Rights Centre.

Fartuun Adan, together with her daughter Ilwad Elman was among the finalists nominated for the Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity in 2017.

References

External links
Sister Somalia

Living people
Ethnic Somali people
Somalian activists
Somalian women activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women human rights activists
Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award


Australia women's national floorball team is the national team of Australia. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished second in the B-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished sixth in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished eighth in the B-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished fifth in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished fifth in the B-Division. At the 2009 Floorball Women's World Championship in Västerås, Sweden, the team won B-Division, and finished eleventh. At the 2011 Floorball Women's World Championship in St Gallen, Switzerland, the team finished fifteenth. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished twelfth.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: David Cynamon

text:
David Cynamon (born October 19, 1963) is a Canadian company executive and was the former co-owner of the Toronto Argonauts from 2003 to 2010 with Howard Sokolowski. David is a co-chair at Mount Sinai Hospital In Toronto.

Biography
Raised in Edmonton, during his childhood, Cynamon used to work at his father's sales stands at Edmonton Eskimos games. Later, he moved to Toronto and operated a group of pedicabs. Whilst in Toronto, he attended York University. There, he played football for the York Yeomen from 1983-1986, and was a triathlete. After university he worked as for KIK Corporation a detergent manufacturer, becoming an executive. Later, he changed company and became the CEO of KCP Income Fund.

Toronto Argonauts
On 5 November 2003, with Sokolowski, Cynamon became an owner of the Toronto Argonauts. They purchased it from the Canadian Football League for $2 million. News that the Argonauts were owned by Toronto inhabitants was welcomed by fans of the team. Once they had bought it, they sought moving the team into a stadium that suited the Argonauts' regular attendance of 20,000-25,000. Attempts were made to move the Argonauts to either the University of Toronto, York University or to BMO Field but nothing came about.

On the field, the team won the 92nd Grey Cup in 2004 under the head coach Michael 'Pinball' Clemons, the first black coach to ever win the Grey Cup.

Despite Grey Cup success and increased sales, the team lost money over the six years. On 9 February 2010, they sold the team to David Braley who had originally loaned them half of the required money to purchase the Argonauts from the Canadian Football League.

Charity
Cynamon and his family operate a charitable foundation The David and Stacey Cynamon Family Foundation. In 2007, with Sokolowski, Cynamon gave $4 million to The Hospital for Sick Children. Additionally, they also gave $5 million to a Jewish community centre for the development of Sports Complex in Toronto.

References

Toronto Argonauts owners
Canadian sports businesspeople
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Businesspeople from Edmonton
York University alumni
York Lions football players
1963 births
Jewish Canadian philanthropists


title: Denmark women's national floorball team

text:
Denmark women's national floorball team is the national team of Denmark. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished third in the B-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished second in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished third in the B-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished first in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished sixth in the A-Division. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished eleventh.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: Firelight (band)

text:
Firelight is a pop/folk-band founded in 2013 by vocalist Richard Edwards Micallef in Malta. Michelle Mifsud (vocals and piano), Wayne Williams (vocals, keys and guitar) and Daniel (guitars) are all Richard's siblings. The band is completed by Tony Polidano (bass) and Leslie Decesare (drums).

Firelight's style is a mix of pop, rock, country and folk. Richard plays the Appalachian dulcimer, an American traditional instrument related to the European zither.

Firelight represented Malta in the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest in Denmark with their song "Coming Home", placing 23rd out of 26 with 32 points, receiving 12 points from the jury selections from Armenia and the UK..

Firelight released their first album called "Backdrop Of Life" in October 2014.

Band members
Michelle Mifsud – vocals, piano, percussion
Richard Edward Micallef – vocals, acoustic guitar, Appalachian dulcimer, percussion
Tony Polidano – vocals, upright bass, electric bass, acoustic bass, percussion
Daniel Micallef – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Leslie Decesare – drums, percussion, harmonica
Wayne Williams -vocals, acoustic guitar, keyboards

Discography

Album

Singles

References

Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Malta
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2014


Singapore women's national floorball team is the national team of Singapore. At the 1999 Floorball Women's World Championship in Borlänge, Sweden, the team finished fifth in the B-Division. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished third in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished fifth in the B-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished third in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished tenth in the A-Division and were relegated to the B-Division.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: Ondřej Kaše

text:
Ondřej Kaše (born 8 November 1995) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward who currently is signed with HC Litvínov of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

He most recently played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, and Anaheim Ducks. Kase was selected by the Ducks in the seventh round, 205th overall during the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

Playing career

Czech Republic
Kaše made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with Piráti Chomutov debut during the 2013–14 Czech Extraliga season. Kaše recorded seven points in 37 games for Chomutov, while also appearing in five games with SK Kadan. At the conclusion of the season, Kaše was selected in the seventh round, 205th overall during the 2014 NHL Entry Draft. Kaše increased his scoring totals the following season, scoring seven goals and 21 points in 37 games.

Anaheim Ducks
On 14 May 2015, Kaše was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Ducks. Kaše spent the entirety of the 2015–16 season with the Ducks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the San Diego Gulls. In 25 games with the club, Kaše scored eight goals and 14 points. He also contributed one goal and four points in nine postseason games.

On 4 November 2016, Kaše recorded his first career NHL point, assisting on a goal by Antoine Vermette during a 5–1 win over the Arizona Coyotes. One month later on 1 December, Kaše scored his first career goal against Ryan Miller of the Vancouver Canucks in a 3–1 win. Kaše finished his rookie season with five goals and 15 points in 53 games. The following season, Kaše upped his totals by scoring 20 goals and 38 points in 66 games.

On 15 August 2018, the Ducks re-signed Kaše to a three-year, $7.8 million contract extension worth $2.6 million annually. He played in 30 games for the Ducks, recording 20 points, before requiring season-ending surgery after an injury in a game against the Minnesota Wild.

Boston Bruins
On 21 February 2020, Kaše was traded to the Boston Bruins in exchange for David Backes, Axel Andersson and a 2020 first-round pick. Plagued by injury in his tenure with the Bruins, Kaše was limited to just 3 games in the pandemic shortened  season due to lingering concussion symptoms. As a restricted free agent, Kaše was not tendered a qualifying offer by the Bruins, releasing him to free agency.

Toronto Maple Leafs
On 30 July 2021, Kaše was signed to a one-year, $1.25 million contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs. On 25 April, 2022, Kaše was chosen as the Maple Leafs' nominee for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his dedication and perseverance to the sport after a series of serious head injuries. As a restricted free agent, Kaše was not tendered a qualifying offer by the Leafs, releasing him to free agency.

Carolina Hurricanes
On 13 July 2022, Kaše was signed to a one-year, $1.5 million contract with the Carolina Hurricanes. Kaše made his debut with the Hurricanes on the opening night of the  season against the Columbus Blue Jackets, on 12 October 2022, however after taking another hit he was unable to play and was placed on the long-term injured list for the remainder of the season due to persistent concussion related issues.

HC Litvínov
As a free agent at the conclusion of his contract with the Hurricanes and having regained his health, Kaše opted to pause his NHL career by returning the Czech Republic and joining his brother David, by signing a contract with HC Litvínov of the ELH on 16 July 2023.

Personal
Kaše's younger brother, David, plays alongside him for HC Litvinov and was selected in the fifth round, 128th overall, by the Philadelphia Flyers in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1995 births
Anaheim Ducks draft picks
Anaheim Ducks players
Boston Bruins players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Czech ice hockey right wingers
Living people
People from Kadaň
Piráti Chomutov players
San Diego Gulls (AHL) players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
HC Litvínov players
Ice hockey people from the Ústí nad Labem Region
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in the United States


The 2014 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Quimper, France between 10 and 16 February 2014.

Singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

1 Rankings as of February 3, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Jonathan Eysseric
  Quentin Halys
  Gilles Müller
  Josselin Ouanna

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Mathieu Rodrigues
  Jules Marie
  Rudy Coco
  Gleb Sakharov

Champions

Singles

 Pierre-Hugues Herbert def.  Vincent Millot, 7–5, 6–4

Doubles

 Pierre-Hugues Herbert /  Albano Olivetti def.  Toni Androić /  Nikola Mektić, 6–4, 6–3

External links
Official Website

Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne
Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne
Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne
Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne


title: Daniel Harrington

text:
Daniel Harrington or Dan Harrington may refer to:

Daniel C. Harrington (1849–?), American sailor who won the Medal of Honor for his actions in the American Civil War
Daniel J. Harrington (1940–2014), American Roman Catholic theologian and academic
 Dan Harrington (born 1945), professional poker player
 Dan Harrington (politician) (born 1938), Montana state senator
 Dan Harrington (footballer) (born 1953), former Australian rules footballer


title: Poland women's national floorball team

text:
Poland women's national floorball team is the national team of Poland in women's floorball.  At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished fourth in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished second in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished first in the B-Division.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball
Floorball teams in Poland


title: Lance Wilkinson (footballer)

text:
Lance Wilkinson (14 March 1931 – 12 April 2011) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Wilkinson, originally from State Savings Bank in the Victorian Amateur Football Association, represented the Victorian Amateurs in 1948. A rover and wingman, Wilkinson joined Hawthorn in 1949 and would make 116 appearances for the club. In 1955 he represented Victoria in an interstate match against South Australia at Adelaide Oval. He went to Brighton in 1957.

References

1931 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Hawthorn Football Club players
Brighton Football Club players
2011 deaths


title: L. ehrenbergii

text:
L. ehrenbergii may refer to:

 Lemboglossum ehrenbergii, a flowering plant
 Linckia ehrenbergii, a sea star
 Lobelia ehrenbergii, a flowering plant
 Lutjanus ehrenbergii, a perciform fish


title: Hungary women's national floorball team

text:
Hungary women's national floorball team is the national team of Hungary. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished seventh in the B-Division. At the 2003 Floorball Women's World Championship in Germany, the team finished ninth in the B-Division. At the 2005 Floorball Women's World Championship in Singapore, the team finished sixth in the B-Division. At the 2007 Floorball Women's World Championship in Frederikshavn, Denmark, the team finished third in the B-Division. At the 2013 Floorball Women's World Championship in Brno and Ostrava, Czech Republic, the team finished fourteenth.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


Great Britain women's national floorball team is the national team of Great Britain. At the 2001 Floorball Women's World Championship in Riga, Latvia, the team finished eighth in the B-Division.

References

Women's national floorball teams
Floorball


title: Millison's Wood

text:
Millison's Wood is a large English hamlet in the parish of Meriden, situated 1.5 miles east of the village of Meriden (the closest neighbouring settlement) and 5.5 miles (8.8 km) northwest of Coventry, with which it forms part of the borough border.

A purely residential settlement, it is located in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull in the West Midlands, just off the westbound A45 road.

Meriden Business Park lies directly adjacent to Millison's Wood on the B4102, yet lies just across the border in Coventry.

The Millison's Wood Nature Reserve is located near the village.

References

Hamlets in the West Midlands (county)
Solihull


title: Jiří Charousek

text:
Jiri Charousek (born December 2, 1981) is a professional ice hockey player.

He learned the ice hockey game in Chomutov and began his career as a player in the local U20 team of Pirati Chomutov. Later he played for HC Most and as a loaner four games for the HC Litvinov in the Czech Extraliga. In 2008 he moved to SK Kadan, where he played until 2015. During this time he also played as a loaner three games for Pirati Chomutov in the first Czech league. In 2015 he went to HC Klasterec nad Ohri, after 2017 to Naprzod Janow in the first Polish ice hockey league. In 2018 he moved to Germany and played for the EC Lauterbach 2012 in the fourth league West.

At the beginning of 2019 he was hired by the Chemnitz Crashers from Chemnitz as a forward and as a coach for the young.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Czech ice hockey forwards
Piráti Chomutov players
Sportspeople from Chomutov
Ice hockey people from the Ústí nad Labem Region
Sportovní Klub Kadaň players
Naprzód Janów players
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Czech expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Expatriate ice hockey players in Poland


title: Shadow of the Beast III

text:
Shadow of the Beast III is a platform game developed by Reflections and published by Psygnosis in 1992, exclusively for the Amiga.

It is the sequel to Shadow of the Beast and Shadow of the Beast II.

Plot and gameplay
In this game, Aarbron has regained his human shape but must defeat Maletoth once and for all to become fully human. Shadow of the Beast III has four distinct stages instead of one big area. The game places less of an emphasis on the action elements so prominent in the first two games, instead preferring a more cerebral approach.

Development
Shadow of the Beast III began development in October 1990, and was developed in two years. The graphics for Shadow of the Beast III were developed by Martin Edmondson on an Amiga A3000 using DPaint IV. Beast III was coded on a 25Mhz PC running PDS 2. The One interviewed Mark Jones, Shadow of the Beast III's graphic artist, for information regarding its development in a pre-release interview. Edmondson notes that the original selling point of Shadow of the Beast was its graphics, stating that "Apart from how many colours and layers of parallax and monsters we could squeeze on screen, no thought went into it whatsoever", and expresses that Beast III will 'retain the characteristic look and feel of the original' alongside significant changes. Edmondson states that "Beast I was a graphics showcase and some people found Beast II too difficult ... In Beast III our aims are to keep it looking good, retain the puzzles of Beast II and make it easier. It's going to be much more accessible." The non-linear game structure eased graphic design, and Edmondson expresses that "For me it's [much easier] to start off drawing a forest than to gradually create a forest environment you can walk into." Edmondson and Beast III's programmer Paul Howarth outline their ideals of a 'good action game', stating that "The most important thing is the feel. If the game is very bulky to control, things stick when they hit walls and the collision detection is a bit naff, it's very annoying to play, no matter how addictive the gameplay might be. The whole thing should run very smoothly and be easy to pick up and move around.", and furthermore emphasises the importance of overall appearance, saying that "You can have an excellent game but if it looks really, really bad it's not going to sell because you've got a problem with screenshots. They're not going to attract anybody so no-one's going to buy the game."

In Beast III's development, graphics were prioritized, with Edmondson stating that planning began with "we say what we want the background to look like - whether we need a hazy skyscape, mountains [etc.] ... then we concentrate on the lighting effect." Background objects were drawn as free-hand drawings, and then digitized. After planning graphics, the game speed, scrolling, how the main character functions, and the controls are discussed. Edmondson expresses that after this planning, "Then we try and wind a game around these ideas if we can." Edmondson states that "We must be the only people left who don't use SNASM - we just find it too slow" and expresses that he personally considers specially designed editors and utilities 'a waste of time.' Edmondson goes on to state that "a lot of people write very complicated map designers and editors, but I can't see the point in justifying spending three months writing something like that ... We use the most basic tools we possibly can, so we just get stuck into the game and work exclusively on that." None of the data from the first two games is reused, and Edmondson explains that "It's probably slower to mess around with original code than to write it again. On top of that there's the problem that the original code for Beast I was so bad. It was the first thing we really did seriously and when you look back on it, it's very slow and inefficient and could have been done 10 times better. We always like to start from scratch."

One of the most difficult aspects of Beast III's development was parallax scrolling; Edmondson compares Beast I and II's methods of scrolling, saying that "In Beast I, we chose the most obvious and the easiest way of doing it, but the problem with that was that you couldn't have monsters running over the foreground at the same time. They had to be very spaced out and nowhere near interesting parts of the map ... [For Beast II] we fixed it so that we could have monsters around ladders and bits of buildings, but the background suffered and basically just a silhouette." The parallax scrolling technique developed for Beast III allows monsters to be in points of interest without sacrificing looks, but Edmondson remarks that it's "very processor intensive" and as result took "months and months just to get it going." Another complication in the development of Beast III's parallax scrolling is that North American Amigas run at 60 Hz while European Amigas run at 50 Hz, which resulted in graphical glitches on the NA Amiga during testing. Beast III's graphics make use of horizontal and vertical sprite multiplexing and horizontal and vertical colour interrupts.

Production
The package did not contain a T-shirt; instead, a badge with a game logo was included. A Sega Genesis version was considered and even developed at some point, with Matt Furniss tasked as the composer.

The music for Shadow of the Beast II and III was composed and produced by Tim Wright. These titles featured a more extensive soundtrack and utilised ethnic samples taken from among other sources the same Korg M1 synthesizer that was sampled by David Whittaker for the original game (although in this case, it was the rack-mounted version the Korg M1/R). Beast 3 contained a total of 24 tracks again featuring ethnic instrumentation, but this time dabbling with the addition of some more synthetic sounds.

Reception
Computer Gaming World gave Shadow of the Beast III a mixed review. The magazine called the graphics "very good" and music "excellent" but criticized the puzzles' high level of difficulty, lack of a save game feature, and slow load times (and copy protection that prevented the use of a hard drive), stating "I have grown tired of arcade games that punish the player rather than reward them for their efforts".

References

External links

 Shadow of the Beast III at Hall of Light

1992 video games
Amiga games
Amiga-only games
Cancelled Sega Genesis games
Dark fantasy video games
Platformers
Psygnosis games
Side-scrolling platform games
Single-player video games
Video games scored by Tim Wright (Welsh musician)
Video games developed in the United Kingdom


title: 1901 New Year Honours

text:
The New Year Honours 1901 were appointments to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India.

The list was published in The Times on 1 January 1901, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 28 December 1900 and 8 January 1901.

The recipients of honours are displayed or referred to as they were styled before their new honour and arranged by honour and where appropriate by rank (Knight Grand Cross, Knight Commander etc.) then division (Military, Civil).

Privy Council
 Lewis Fry, Esq.
 Thomas Frederick Halsey, Esq., MP
 Edmund Barton, QC, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies
 Sir Samuel Walker Griffith, GCMG, Lieutenant-governor and Chief Justice of Queensland, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies

Baronet
 John Aird, Esq., MP
 Thomas Barlow, Esq., MD, Physician Extraordinary to the Queen
 Jonathan Edmund Backhouse, Esq.
 William Selby Church, Esq., MD, FRCS
 Colonel Robert Gunter, MP
 Wyndham Spencer Portal, Esq.

Knight Bachelor
 Hugh Adcock, CMG
 Edward Henry Busk, Esq., Chairman of Convocation in the University of London
 Alfred Cooper, Esq., Surbiton
 Robert Harvey, Esq., High Sheriff of Cornwall
 Edward Wollaston Knocker, Esq., CB, Registrar of the Cinque Ports
 Hiram Maxim, Esq.
 John Mark, Esq., former Mayor of Manchester
 Joseph Sykes Rymer, Esq., late Lord Mayor of York
 Henry Miller, Speaker of the Legislative Council, New Zealand
 Arthur Robert Wallace, Esq., CB, DL, Principal Chief Clerk Secretary′s Office, Dublin Castle
 Edward Matthew Hodgson, Esq., JP, Chairman of the Rathmines and Rathgar Urban District Council
 John Quick, of Victoria, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB)
 Civil Division
 Sir Alfred Milner, KCB, High Commissioner for South Africa
 Sir Francis Mowatt, KCB, Secretary to the Treasury
 Lord Justice Romer

Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)
 Civil Division
 Edward Chandos Leigh, CB, QC, Counsel to the Speaker, House of Commons
 Richard Mills, Esq., CB, late Comptroller and Auditor General
 Sir William Turner, D.C.L.

Companions of the Order of the Bath (CB)
Civil division
 Francis Alexander Campbell, Esq., of the Foreign Office
 Frederick Victor Dickins, Esq., Registrar to the University of London
 Lawrence Charles Edward Downing Dowdall, Esq., of the Irish Office
 George Vandeleur Fiddes, Esq., Colonial Office
 Robert O′Brien Furlong, Esq., Solicitor to the Inland Revenue Department, Ireland
 Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Clare Garcia, Inspector-General of Military Prisons
 Henry Paul Harvey, Esq., of the War Office
 Charles Prestwood Lucas, Esq., Assistant Under-Secretary of State, Colonial Office
 Malcolm McNeill, Esq., Chairman of the Local Government Board for Scotland
 Lieutenant-Colonel George Tindall Plunkett, Royal Engineers, Director of the Science and Art Department, Dublin

Order of the Star of India

Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI)
 Charles Montgomery Rivaz, Esq., CSI, Ordinary Member of the Council of the Governor General of India

Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI)
 Frederick Styles Philpin Lely, Esq., Indian Civil Service
 John Ontario Miller, Esq., Indian Civil Service
 George Robert Irwin, Esq., Indian Civil Service
 William Robert Bright, Esq., Indian Civil Service

Order of Saint Michael and Saint George

Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)
 Sir John Forrest, LL.D, KCMG, Premier and Colonial Treasurer of Western Australia, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies

Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG)
 Brigadier-General Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, CB, DSO, High Commissioner for the Northern Nigeria Protectorate
 Sir Henry Nevill Dering, Baronet, CB, Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of Brazil
 The Honourable William Augustus Curzon Barrington, Her Majesty's Envoy  and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Argentine Republic
 John Gordon Kennedy, Esq., Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of His Majesty the King of Romania
 Colonel Herbert Jekyll, Royal Engineers, CMG, Secretary to the Royal Commission for the Paris Universal International Exhibition of 1900
 The Honourable Sir James Robert Dickson, DCL, CMG, Chief Secretary of Queensland, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies
 William McMillan, Esq., formerly Colonial Treasurer of New South Wales, Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Australian Federal Convention, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies
 Josiah Henry Symon, Esq., QC, formerly Attorney-General of South Australia, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Australian Federal Convention, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)
 Colonel Gerald Charles Kitson, lately Commandant of the Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada
 Lieutenant-Colonel D la Cherois Thomas Irwin, formerly Inspector of Artillery in Canada, Secretary of the Canadian Patriotic Fund
 Maximilian Frank Simon, Esq., MD, on retirement as Principal Civil Medical Officer of the Straits Settlements
 William Shelford, Esq., MICE, Consulting Engineer for West African Railways
 William Matthews, Esq., MICE, Consulting Engineer for Harbour Work in the Colonies
 Francis Alfred Cooper, Esq., Director of Public Works of the Island of Ceylon
 Ralph Champneys Williams, Esq., Colonial Secretary of the Island of Barbados
 Alfredo Naudi, Esq., LL.D, Crown Advocate of the Island of Malta
 Thomas Robertson Marsh, Esq., on retirement as Head of the Engineering and Contract Branches of the Office for the Crown Agents for the Colonies
 Charles Clive Bigham, Esq., Honorary Attaché to Her Majesty's Legation at Peking, attached to Admiral Seymour's force
 Charles William Campbell, Esq., Her Majesty's Vice-Consul at Shanghai, attached to Admiral Seymour's force
 Pelham Laird Warren, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul-General at Hankow
 William Richard Carles, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul at Tientsin
 Everard Duncan Home Fraser, Esq., Her Majesty's Consul at Chinkiang
 Edmund Robert Spearman, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Royal Commission for the Paris Universal International Exhibition of 1900
 Lionel Earle, Esq., Assistant Secretary to the Royal Commission for the Paris Universal International Exhibition of 1900
 Herbert Hughes, Esq., for services in connection with International Industrial Conferences
 Edwin Gordon Blackmore, Esq., Clerk of the Legislative Council and Clerk of the Parliaments of South Australia, Clerk of the Australian Federal Convention, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies
 Robert Randolph Garran, Esq., MA, Barrister, New South Wales, Secretary to the Drafting Committee of the Australian Federal Convention, on the occasion of the Federation of the Australian Colonies

Order of the Indian Empire

Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE)
 Major General Sir Edwin Henry Hayter Collen, KCIE, CB, Military Member of the Council of the Governor General of India
 Maharao Raja Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, of Bundi

Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE)
 Alexander Frederick Douglas Cunningham, Esq., CIE, Indian Civil Service
 Henry Evan Murchison James, Esq., CIE, Indian Civil Service

Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
 Colonel Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo, Governor-General of Portuguese India

Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE)
 Mian Bhure Singh, of Chamba
 Captain Walter Somerville Goodridge, Royal Navy, Director of the Royal Indian Marine
 Lieutenant-Colonel Solomon Charles Frederick Peile, Indian Staff Corps
 Bertram Prior Standen, Esq., Indian Civil Service
 Henry Alexander Sim, Esq., Indian Civil Service
 Major James Robert Dunlop Smith, Indian Staff Corps
 Major John Crimmin, VC, Indian Medical Service
 Major Granville Henry Loch, Indian Staff Corps
 Fardunji Kuvarji Tarapurvala, Public Works Department, Executive Engineer, Ahmedabad
 Babu Kalinath Mitter, laletly Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal for making Laws and Regulations
 Frederick William Latimer Esq., Assistant Private Secretary to His Excellency the Viceroy of India
 William Jameson Soulsby, Esq., CB, Secretary to the Mansion House Indian Famine Relief Funds in 1877, 1897, and 1900

Kaisar-i-Hind Medal

References

New Year Honours
1901 in the United Kingdom
1901 awards


title: Black River, Queensland

text:
Black River is a northern suburb of Townsville in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the , Black River had a population of 1,476 people.

Geography
The now-closed Greenvale railway line passed through the locality; there were no stations within the locality.

The Hervey Range Developmental Road runs along the southern boundary.

History
The suburb is named after the Black River which was in turn named after John Melton Black (1830-1919) who was a pastoralist, merchant and a settler of Townsville.

In the , Black River had a population of 1,476 people.

References

External links

Suburbs of Townsville


title: ICDD

text:
ICDD may refer to:
 International Centre for Diffraction Data, a nonprofit scientific organization
 Imperial Circus Dead Decadence, a Japanese symphonic black metal band
 Intellectual capital due diligence, part of operational due diligence
 International Center for Development and Decent Work, part of the University of Kassel
 ICD-D, self-optimising production systems in Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries
 Institute for Civic Discourse and Democracy, an interdisciplinary, non-partisan organization formed by Kansas State University in 2004


title: Russell Currier

text:
Russell Currier (born June 26, 1987) is a retired American biathlete.

Born in Stockholm, Maine, he competed for United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

References

1987 births
Living people
American male biathletes
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for the United States
Sportspeople from Aroostook County, Maine
Track and field athletes from Maine


title: 2014 Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne – Singles

text:
Marius Copil was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinal to Pierre-Hugues Herbert.

Herbert won the title, defeating Vincent Millot in the final, 7–5, 6–4.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne - Singles
2014 Singles


title: Eleanor Jones

text:
Eleanor Green Dawley Jones (10 August 1929 - 1 March 2021) was an American mathematician. She was one of the first African-American women to achieve a Ph.D. in mathematics. Jones worked as a consultant for the development of college mathematics curriculums, and as a speaker at events to encourage women and minorities to pursue careers in science and mathematics.

Early life
Jones was born to George Herbert Green and Lillian Vaughn Green on August 10 of 1929 in Norfolk, Virginia. She was the second of six children, all of whom went on to earn, at minimum, a bachelor's degree. Jones attended Booker T. Washington High School, a segregated public school. Jones began her academic career early, after graduating as valedictorian of her high school in 1945 at the age of 15. She then attended Howard University with two scholarships, one from the university and one from the Pepsi-Cola Corporation. Jones was fortunate to be mentored by Elbert Frank Cox, the first African-American person to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics, as well as David Blackwell, another notable African-American mathematician. In addition to Jones majoring in mathematics, she minored in physics and education. She graduated cum laude from Howard University in 1949 and completed her master's degree the following year.

Career
After completing her master's degree, Jones went back to Booker T. Washington High School, this time to teach. In addition to her role as an educator, she developed a new curriculum for the high school's mathematics program. Jones wed Edward Dawley, Jr. in 1951 and took time off from teaching in 1953 to start a family. She returned to teaching in 1955, this time as a mathematics instructor at Hampton Institute (presently Hampton University), near Norfolk.
In 1957, when all-white public schools were integrated, the segregated public schools in Norfolk were closed. This left many African-American youth with no place to attend school, leading Jones to begin tutoring these students at Norfolk's First Baptist Church. Jones also became active in the civil rights movement, achieving the rank of vice chair in Virginia's branch of CORE (Congress for Racial Equality) from 1958 to 1960.
Following a divorce, Jones decided to pursue a doctorate, as Hampton Institute would only give tenure to instructors with doctorates. At the time, Virginia did not permit black students to pursue doctorates in the state, so Jones relocated with her two sons to Syracuse University in New York in 1962. She received a National Science Foundation fellowship in 1963 and began to work as a teaching assistant at Syracuse University. Jones received her doctorate in 1966.

As an associate professor, Jones returned to the Hampton Institute for the 1966–67 academic year, until she joined the Norfolk State University mathematics department in 1967. Jones continued to teach at NSU for more than 30 years, where she continued her education through summer postgraduate courses at New York State University in 1957, at the University of Southern California in 1959–60, and at the University of Oregon in 1971.

Education and research
In 1945, Jones attended Howard University with two scholarships, one from the university and one from the Pepsi-Cola Corporation. Jones was fortunate to be mentored by Elbert Frank Cox, the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics, as well as David Blackwell, another notable African-American mathematician. In addition to Jones majoring in mathematics, she minored in physics and education. She graduated cum laude from Howard University in 1949 and completed her master's degree the following year.
Following a divorce from Edward Armistead Dawley Jr., Jones decided to pursue a doctorate, as Hampton Institute would only give tenure to instructors with doctorates. At the time, Virginia did not permit black students to pursue doctorates in the state, so Jones relocated with her two sons to Syracuse University in New York in 1962. She received a National Science Foundation fellowship in 1963 and began to work as a teaching assistant at Syracuse University to support her family. Jones received her doctorate in 1966.
In 1966, under the supervision of James D. Reid, PhD., Jones wrote her thesis entitled "Abelian Groups and Their Endomorphism Rings and the Quasi-Endomorphisms of Torsion Free Abelian Groups."

Awards and distinctions

In 1965, she was elected to the Sigma Xi science honour society in Syracuse University, and became a full member in 1985.
In 1975, Dr. Jones was elected Vice President of NAM.
In 1994, Jones received the National Association of Mathematicians Distinguished Service Award.
1983-86: Sat on the board of governors of the Mathematical Association of America.
1989-94: Board member of the Association for Women in Mathematics.
Since 1990, she has served on the committee for opportunities in mathematics for underrepresented minorities for the American Mathematical Society.

Dr. Eleanor Green Dawley-Jones died in Virginia Beach on 1 March 2021.

Selected published work

Kenschaft, P. C., & Keith, S. (1991). Winning Women into Mathematics. Washington: D.C.
Newell, V. K. (1980). Black Mathematicians and Their Works. Ardmore, PA: Dorrance.

References

1929 births
American women mathematicians
African-American mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Howard University alumni
2021 deaths
20th-century women mathematicians
21st-century women mathematicians
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century American women
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people


title: Lukáš Novák

text:
Lukáš Novák (born September 21, 1993) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He currently plays with Piráti Chomutov in the Czech Extraliga.

Novák made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with Piráti Chomutov debut during the 2013–14 Czech Extraliga season.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Czech ice hockey forwards
Piráti Chomutov players
Sportovní Klub Kadaň players
Sportspeople from Hradec Králové
Ice hockey people from the Hradec Králové Region