title: Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity

text:
Attempts have been made to describe gauge theories in terms of extended objects such as Wilson loops and holonomies. The loop representation is a quantum hamiltonian representation of gauge theories in terms of loops. The aim of the loop representation in the context of Yang–Mills theories is to avoid the redundancy introduced by Gauss gauge symmetries allowing to work directly in the space of physical states (Gauss gauge invariant states). The idea is well known in the context of lattice Yang–Mills theory (see lattice gauge theory). Attempts to explore the continuous loop representation was made by Gambini and Trias for canonical Yang–Mills theory, however there were difficulties as they represented singular objects. As we shall see the loop formalism goes far beyond a simple gauge invariant description, in fact it is the natural geometrical framework to treat gauge theories and quantum gravity in terms of their fundamental physical excitations.

The introduction by Ashtekar of a new set of variables (Ashtekar variables) cast general relativity in the same language as gauge theories and allowed one to apply loop techniques as a natural nonperturbative description of Einstein's theory. In canonical quantum gravity the difficulties in using the continuous loop representation are cured by the spatial diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity. The loop representation also provides a natural solution of the spatial diffeomorphism constraint, making a connection between canonical quantum gravity and knot theory. Surprisingly there were a class of loop states that provided exact (if only formal) solutions to Ashtekar's original (ill-defined) Wheeler–DeWitt equation. Hence an infinite set of exact (if only formal) solutions had been identified for all the equations of canonical quantum general gravity in this representation! This generated a lot of interest in the approach and eventually led to loop quantum gravity (LQG).

The loop representation has found application in mathematics. If topological quantum field theories are formulated in terms of loops, the resulting quantities should be what are known as knot invariants. Topological field theories only involve a finite number of degrees of freedom and so are exactly solvable. As a result, they provide concrete computable expressions that are invariants of knots. This was precisely the insight of Edward Witten who noticed that computing loop dependent quantities in Chern–Simons and other three-dimensional topological quantum field theories one could come up with explicit, analytic expressions for knot invariants. For his work in this, in 1990 he was awarded the Fields Medal. He is the first and so far the only physicist to be awarded the Fields Medal, often viewed as the greatest honour in mathematics.

Gauge invariance of Maxwell's theory

The idea of gauge symmetries was introduced in Maxwell's theory. Maxwell's equations are

where  is the charge density and  the current density. The last two equations can be solved by writing fields in terms of a scalar potential, , and a vector potential, :

.

The potentials uniquely determine the fields, but the fields do not uniquely determine the potentials - we can make the changes:

without affecting the electric and magnetic fields, where  is an arbitrary function of space-time . These are called gauge transformations. There is an elegant relativistic notation: the gauge field is

and the above gauge transformations read,

.

The so-called field strength tensor is introduced,

which is easily shown to be invariant under gauge transformations. In components,

.

Maxwell's source-free action is given by:

.

The ability to vary the gauge potential at different points in space and time (by changing )  without changing the physics is called a local invariance. Electromagnetic theory possess the simplest kind of local gauge symmetry called  (see unitary group). A theory that displays local gauge invariance is called a gauge theory. In order to formulate other gauge theories we turn the above reasoning inside out. This is the subject of the next section.

The connection and gauges theories

The connection and Maxwell's theory

We know from quantum mechanics that if we replace the wave-function, , describing the electron field by

that it leaves physical predictions unchanged. We consider the imposition of local invariance on the phase of the electron field,

The problem is that derivatives of  are not covariant under this transformation:

.

In order to cancel out the second unwanted term, one introduces a new derivative operator  that is covariant. To construct , one introduces a new field, the connection :

.

Then

The term  is precisely cancelled out by requiring the connection field transforms as

.

We then have that

.

Note that  is  equivalent to

which looks the same as a gauge transformation of the gauge potential of Maxwell's theory. It is possible to construct an invariant action for the connection field itself. We want an action that only has two derivatives (since actions with higher derivatives are not unitary). Define the quantity:

.

The unique action with only two derivatives is given by:

.

Therefore, one can derive electromagnetic theory from arguments based solely on symmetry.

The connection and Yang-Mills gauge theory

We now generalize the above reasoning to general gauge groups. One begins with the generators of some Lie algebra:

Let there be a fermion field that transforms as

Again the derivatives of  are not covariant under this transformation. We introduce a covariant derivative

with connection field given by

We require that  transforms as:

 .

We define the field strength operator

 .

As  is covariant, this means that the  tensor is also covariant:

Note that  is only invariant under gauge transformations if  is a scalar, that is, only in the case of electromagnetism.

We can now construct an invariant action out of this tensor. Again we want an action that only has two derivatives. The simplest choice is the trace of the commutator:

The unique action with only two derivatives is given by:

This is the action for Yang-mills theory.

The loop representation of the Maxwell theory

We consider a change of representation in the quantum Maxwell gauge theory. The idea is to introduce a basis of states labeled by loops  whose inner product with the connection states is given by

The loop functional  is the Wilson loop for the abelian  case.

The loop representation of Yang–Mills theory

We consider for simplicity (and because later we will see this is the relevant gauge group in LQG) an  Yang–Mills theory in four dimensions. The field variable of the continuous theory is an  connection (or gauge potential) , where  is an index in the Lie algebra of . We can write for this field

where  are the  generators, that is the Pauli matrices multiplied by . note that unlike with Maxwell's theory, the connections  are matrix-valued and don't commute, that is they are non-Abelian gauge theories. We must take this into account when defining the corresponding version of the holonomy for  Yang–Mills theory.

We first describe the quantum theory in terms of connection variable.

The connection representation

In the connection representation the configuration variable is  and its conjugate momentum is the (densitized) triad . It is most natural to consider wavefunctions . This is known as the connection representation. The canonical variables get promoted to quantum operators:

(analogous to the position representation ) and the triads are functional derivatives,

(analogous to )

The holonomy and Wilson loop

Let us return to the classical Yang–Mills theory. It is possible to encode the gauge invariant information of the theory in terms of `loop-like' variables.

We need the notion of a holonomy. A holonomy is a measure of how much the initial and final values of a spinor or vector differ after parallel transport around a closed loop   ; it is denoted

Knowledge of the holonomies is equivalent to knowledge of the connection, up to gauge equivalence. Holonomies can also be associated with an edge; under a Gauss Law these transform as

For a closed loop  if we take the trace of this, that is, putting  and summing we obtain

or

Thus the trace of an holonomy around a closed loop is gauge invariant. It is denoted

and is called a Wilson loop. The explicit form of the holonomy is

where  is the curve along which the holonomy is evaluated, and  is a parameter along the curve,  denotes path ordering meaning factors for smaller values of  appear to the left, and  are matrices that satisfy the  algebra

The Pauli matrices satisfy the above relation. It turns out that there are infinitely many more examples of sets of matrices that satisfy these relations, where each set comprises  matrices with , and where none of these can be thought to `decompose' into two or more examples of lower dimension. They are called different irreducible representations of the  algebra. The most fundamental representation being the Pauli matrices. The holonomy is labelled by a half integer  according to the irreducible representation used.

Giles' Reconstruction theorem of gauge potentials from Wilson loops

An important theorem about Yang–Mills gauge theories is Giles' theorem, according to which if one gives the trace of the holonomy of a connection for all possible loops on a manifold one can, in principle, reconstruct all the gauge invariant information of the connection. That is, Wilson loops constitute a basis of gauge invariant functions of the connection. This key result is the basis for the loop representation for gauge theories and gravity.

The loop transform and the loop representation

The use of Wilson loops explicitly solves the Gauss gauge constraint. As Wilson loops form a basis we can formally expand any Gauss gauge invariant function as,

.

This is called the loop transform. We can see the analogy with going to the momentum representation in quantum mechanics. There one has a basis of states  labelled by a number  and one expands

and works with the coefficients of the expansion .

The inverse loop transform is defined by

This defines the loop representation. Given an operator  in the connection representation,

one should define the corresponding operator  on  in the loop representation via,

where  is defined by the usual inverse loop transform,

A transformation formula giving the action of the operator  on  in terms of the action of the operator  on  is then obtained by equating the R.H.S. of  with the R.H.S. of  with  substituted into , namely

or

where by  we mean the operator  but with the reverse factor ordering (remember from simple quantum mechanics where the product of operators is reversed under conjugation). We evaluate the action of this operator on the Wilson loop as a calculation in the connection representation and rearranging the result as a manipulation purely in terms of loops (one should remember that when considering the action on the Wilson loop one should choose the operator one wishes to transform with the opposite factor ordering to the one chosen for its action on wavefunctions ).

The loop representation of quantum gravity

Ashtekar–Barbero variables of canonical quantum gravity

The introduction of Ashtekar variables cast general relativity in the same language as gauge theories. It was in particular the inability to have good control over the space of solutions to the Gauss' law and spatial diffeomorphism constraints that led Rovelli and Smolin to consider a new representation – the loop representation.

To handle the spatial diffeomorphism constraint we need to go over to the loop representation. The above reasoning gives the physical meaning of the operator . For example, if  corresponded to a spatial diffeomorphism, then this can be thought of as keeping the connection field  of  where it is while performing a spatial diffeomorphism on  instead. Therefore, the meaning of  is a spatial diffeomorphism on , the argument of .

In the loop representation we can then solve the spatial diffeomorphism constraint by considering functions of loops  that are invariant under spatial diffeomorphisms of the loop . That is, we construct what mathematicians call knot invariants. This opened up an unexpected connection between knot theory and quantum gravity.

The loop representation and eigenfunctions of geometric quantum operators

The easiest geometric quantity is the area. Let us choose coordinates so that the surface  is characterized by . The area of small parallelogram of the surface  is the product of length of each side times  where  is the angle between the sides. Say one edge is given by the vector  and the other by  then,

From this we get the area of the surface  to be given by

where  and is the determinant of the metric induced on . This can be rewritten as

The standard formula for an inverse matrix is

Note the similarity between this and the expression for . But in Ashtekar variables we have . Therefore,

According to the rules of canonical quantization we should promote the triads  to quantum operators,

It turns out that the area  can be promoted to a well defined quantum operator despite the fact that we are dealing with product of two functional derivatives and worse we have a square-root to contend with as well. Putting , we talk of being in the J-th representation. We note that . This quantity is important in the final formula for the area spectrum. We simply state the result below,

where the sum is over all edges  of the Wilson loop that pierce the surface .

The formula for the volume of a region  is given by

The quantization of the volume proceeds the same way as with the area. As we take the derivative, and each time we do so we bring down the tangent vector , when the volume operator acts on non-intersecting Wilson loops the result vanishes. Quantum states with non-zero volume must therefore involve intersections. Given that the anti-symmetric summation is taken over in the formula for the volume we would need at least intersections with three non-coplanar lines. Actually it turns out that one needs at least four-valent vertices for the volume operator to be non-vanishing.

Mandelstam identities: su(2) Yang–Mills

We now consider Wilson loops with intersections. We assume the real representation where the gauge group is . Wilson loops are an over complete basis as there are identities relating different Wilson loops. These come about from the fact that Wilson loops are based on matrices (the holonomy) and these matrices satisfy identities, the so-called Mandelstam identities. Given any two  matrices  and  it is easy to check that,

This implies that given two loops  and  that intersect, we will have,

where by  we mean the loop  traversed in the opposite direction and  means the loop obtained by going around the loop  and then along . See figure below. This is called a Mandelstam identity of the second kind. There is the Mandelstam identity of the first kind . Spin networks are certain linear combinations of intersecting Wilson loops designed to address the over-completeness introduced by the Mandelstam identities.

Spin network states

In fact spin networks constitute a basis for all gauge invariant functions which minimize the degree of over-completeness of the loop basis, and for trivalent intersections eliminate it entirely.

As mentioned above the holonomy tells you how to propagate test spin half particles. A spin network state assigns an amplitude to a set of spin half particles tracing out a path in space, merging and splitting. These are described by spin networks : the edges are labelled by spins together with `intertwiners' at the vertices which are prescription for how to sum over different ways the spins are rerouted. The sum over rerouting are chosen as such to make the form of the intertwiner invariant under Gauss gauge transformations.

Uniqueness of the loop representation in LQG

Theorems establishing the uniqueness of the loop representation as defined by Ashtekar et al. (i.e. a certain concrete realization of a Hilbert space and associated operators reproducing the correct loop algebra – the realization that everybody was using) have been given by two groups (Lewandowski, Okolow, Sahlmann and Thiemann) and (Christian Fleischhack). Before this result was established it was not known whether there could be other examples of Hilbert spaces with operators invoking the same loop algebra, other realizations, not equivalent to the one that had been used so far.

Knot theory and loops in topological field theory

A common method of describing a  knot (or link, which are knots of several components entangled with each other) is to consider its projected image onto a plane called a knot diagram. Any given knot (or link) can be drawn in many different ways using a knot diagram. Therefore, a fundamental problem in knot theory is determining when two descriptions represent the same knot. Given a knot diagram, one tries to find a way to assign a knot invariant to it, sometimes a polynomial – called a knot polynomial. Two knot diagrams with different polynomials generated by the same procedure necessarily correspond to different knots. However, if the polynomials are the same, it may not mean that they correspond to the same knot. The better a polynomial is at distinguishing knots the more powerful it is.

In 1984, Jones  announced the discovery of a new link invariant, which soon led to a bewildering profusion of generalizations. He had found a new knot polynomial, the Jones polynomial. Specifically, it is an invariant of an oriented knot or link which assigns to each oriented knot or link a polynomial with integer coefficients.

In the late 1980s, Witten coined the term topological quantum field theory for a certain type of physical theory in which the expectation values of observable quantities are invariant under diffeomorphisms.

Witten  gave a heuristic derivation of the Jones polynomial and its generalizations from Chern–Simons theory. The basic idea is simply that the vacuum expectation values of Wilson loops in Chern–Simons theory are link invariants because of the diffeomorphism-invariance of the theory. To calculate these expectation values, however, Witten needed to use the relation between Chern–Simons theory and a conformal field theory known as the Wess–Zumino–Witten model (or the  WZW model).

References

Quantum gravity
Gauge theories
Knot theory


title: Librarians in North America

text:
A librarian is a person who works professionally in a library, and may hold a degree in librarianship (known either as library science or library and information science).

Duties and functions
Traditionally, a librarian is associated with collections of books, as demonstrated by the etymology of the word "librarian" (from the Latin liber, "book"). The role of a librarian is continually evolving to meet social and technological needs. A modern librarian may deal provision and maintenance of information in many formats, including: physical books; electronic resources; magazines; newspapers; audio and video recordings; maps; manuscripts; photographs and other graphic material; bibliographic databases; and web-based and digital resources. A librarian may also provide other information services, including: computer provision and training; coordination with community groups to host public programs; basic literacy education; assistive technology for people with disabilities; and assistance locating community resources. Appreciation for librarians is often included by authors and scholars in the Acknowledgment sections of books.

History in the United States

In the 19th century, librarianship began to emerge as a true profession. Male librarians (called "bookmen") were found in sophisticated academic institutions around the middle of the 19th century. Like the librarians of Alexandria, these librarians were primarily scholars, not custodians of the library in which they worked. At that time there was no formal training for librarians. Education in the field was gained by experience, either self-taught or under tutelage of other librarians. Experienced librarians quite often recruited trainees.  In 1872, Publishers Weekly, an instructional publication focusing on the publishing industry, began to regularly devote small sections to librarians. In 1876, The U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education published Public Libraries in the United States of America: Their History, Condition, and Management. Aimed at practicing librarians, the study included a manual written by notable authorities on librarianship with articles on management, administration, history, cataloging, popular reading, and library buildings.

Carnegie libraries created an increased need for larger numbers of librarians to manage them, thus career library workers became an established permanent workforce.

During this period, Melvil Dewey became a primary force in the professionalization of librarians and library education in the United States. Dewey believed that librarians are meant to provide patrons with "better" books to improve people and their way of life. In 1876, Dewey, Justin Winsor, Charles Ammi Cutter and other prominent librarians of the day, founded the American Library Association (ALA). The formation of this professional organization provided national visibility and recognition to the field of librarianship, while substantially strengthening the professional identity among the library practitioners. Around this time, Dewey founded the first major professional publication for librarians, Library Journal. Dewey founded the first library school, The School of Library Economy, which opened at Columbia College in 1887. The coursework programs offered by the library school took three months to complete, following which students had to take an internship of up to 2 years to gain exposure to and familiarity with professional tasks.

After Dewey's library school, four more library schools were opened by 1900: Albany, Pratt Institute, Drexel University, and the Armour Institute. By 1919, there were 15 more programs in the United States. These programs varied by length of program, type of degree or certificate awarded, and requirements for admission. On completion of most programs, students became Bachelors of Library Science. At the time, the degree of Master of Library Science was not awarded anywhere but Albany.

In recognition of the rise of Library education programs, ALA created the ALA Committee on Library Training in which members would review the various educational programs. This led to ALA’s "Standards for Library Education", which established separate standards for the different types of training programs.  The neutral approach that ALA took to the Library Schools, however, influenced the schools to band together and create their own organization: the Association of American Library Schools. The Williamson Report, created for the Carnegie Corporation, however, was the most important review of library education programs. In the Williamson report, C.C. Williamson criticises the quality of many established programs, and designates a university graduate degree, not a college bachelor's degree, as the appropriate education for professional librarians. The Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, 1928-1989. was founded to respond to this need. It was thanks to the Williamson report that librarians were required to receive one year of postgraduate education in librarianship. By the 1950s most library schools in the US awarded a master's degree.

It was at this point in history that the notion of library science was established as the study for future librarians. In addition to professional librarians, faculty in Library Science programs included other academics such as sociologists and historians. Because the faculty consisted mostly of scholars, they contributed a considerable amount of research which formed the foundation of the field of library science.

Another notable progression that arose after the “Williamson Report” was the establishment of The Hampton Institute Library School, the first library school to train African-American librarians in the US.  After the establishment of the Hampton Institute Library School, more African-Americans were accepted to library schools, including Edward Christopher Williams, a graduate of the New York State Library School, who went on to become the director of the library at Howard University in 1916.

With the expanding economy, the baby boom, and the important federal legislation supporting the development of education institutions and their libraries, library schools reached their heyday in the 1950s to 1960s. These factors lead to an increased need for librarians.  By the 1970s, there were more than 70 accredited library schools with master’s programs in US and Canada. By 1999, however, there were only 56 ALA-accredited library school programs in the US and Canada. As library schools were never high-profile departments, these closures were a result of universities' efforts to reduce costs during the recessions of the 1980s.

History in Canada
In the earlier half of the 19th century, Canada had no formal training or library schools to educate potential librarians. The Toronto Public Library held competitive examinations for librarian hopefuls. The first exam was held December 15, 1887 and tested candidates on writing, arithmetic, reading, and English Literature. In 1890, an additional qualification for exam graduation was added: candidates were required to be at least 5'3" (160 cm) tall. Successful candidates were referred to American library schools for training, or given the option of serving as apprentices to complete on-the-job training.

The starting push to establish library schools in Canada came from George Locke, chief librarian of the Toronto Public Library from 1908–1937. When Locke started his reign as chief librarian at TPL, training for librarians was still limited to on the job training. He believed, however, that librarians should be formally trained in educational programs like those of the US. He favoured librarians that had a formal educational background in librarianship. In 1909, Locke recruited Winnifred Barnstead, a Canadian graduate of a two-year training course for librarians at Princeton University, to head the cataloguing department. Locke also hired Lillian H. Smith, a Canadian graduate from the training school at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, to head the Children's department. With the help of Barnstead and Smith, Locke began his own training program through the Toronto Public Library.

A contemporary of Locke was Edwin A. Hardy, secretary of the Ontario Library Association from its inception in 1901 to 1925, then as president from 1925–1926. Hardy was vocal in his opinion of formal educational training for librarians, and desperately desired a library school in Canada for fear of losing Canadian librarians trained in the US to the US. He was active in establishing library institutes, one-day regional workshops, through Ontario departments of Education, the first of which was held in Brantford, Ontario in 1907.

These institutes, however, proved insufficient, and  there was a formal request for Departments of Education to begin a summer library school. The first of these summer schools ran in 1911; it was a hybrid program modelled after American schools and normal schools which educated teachers in Ontario. This program ran for four weeks in the summer when libraries were able to spare staff for training and eligible candidates were only those already employed in libraries. In 1919, it was extended to be a 3-month program and became the Ontario Library School.

The first formal library education program in Canada was established at McGill University in 1904. The McGill Summer Library School was formally founded under the jurisdiction of the University Library Committee, offering education in library administration. It was one of the first university programs in librarianship anywhere in the world outside the United States. Instrumental in the founding of the School and the establishment of its curriculum, Melvyl Dewey, a good friend and colleague of Charles Gould, University Librarian and a founder of the School, taught at the school during its first year.

Library schools in Canada at this time, however, were unique to those in the US because many were under complete control of the Department of Education. While the Department of Education always provided funding for the library school, librarians were not able to push their own ideas or agenda. A course was established in the Ontario College of Education, located on the University of Toronto campus, to provide an academic and professional complement to the already established technical training of librarians. Barnstead became the first director, but all financial, hiring, and curriculum matters were made by the Dean of the College of Education and the Minister of Education. Graduates of the program did not receive a degree; they received a librarian's certificate from the Minister of Education and a diploma from the University of Toronto.

It was not until the 1930s that the library school became a separate entity from the Department and Ministry of Education. In 1937, the library school at the University of Toronto received ALA accreditation and Canadian students began to receive a professional degree – the Bachelor of Library Science.

See also
 Librarian

References

Further reading
 McCook, Kathleen de la Peña. Introduction to Public Librarianship,  (2nd ed. Neal-Schuman, 2011)

United States
 Bobinski, George S.  Carnegie Libraries: their history and impact on American public library development. (American Library Association 1969)
 Bryan, Alice Isabel. The public librarian: a report of the public library inquiry (Columbia University Press, 1952)
 Carrier, Esther Jane. Fiction in public libraries, 1876-1900 (Scarecrow Press, 1965)
 Garrison, Dee.  Apostles of Culture: the public librarian and American society, 1876-1920. (Free Press  (1979))
 Jones,  Theodore. Carnegie Libraries Across America: A Public Legacy (1997)
 Martin, Lowell A.  Enrichment: A History of the Public Library in the United States in the Twentieth Century (2003)
 Martin, Lowell Arthur, et al. Library response to urban change: a study of the Chicago Public Library (Chicago: American Library Association, 1969)
 Mickelson, Peter. "American Society and the Public Library in the Thought of Andrew Carnegie." Journal of Library History (1975) 10#2 pp 117–138.
 Rose, Ernestine. The public library in American life (Columbia University Press, 1954)
 Shera, Jesse Hauk. Foundations of the public library;: The origins of the public library movement in New England, 1629–1885 (1965)
 Spencer, Gwladys. The Chicago public library: origins and backgrounds (Gregg Press, 1972)
 Watson, Paula D. "Founding mothers: The contribution of women's organizations to public library development in the United States." Library Quarterly (1994): 233-269. in JSTOR
 Whitehill, Walter Muir. Boston Public Library: A Centennial History (Harvard University Press, 1956)
 Wiegand, Wayne A. Main Street Public Library: Community Places and Reading Spaces in the Rural Heartland, 1876-1956 (University of Iowa Press, 2011)
 Williamson, William Landram. William Frederick Poole and the Modern Library Movement (Columbia University Press, 1963)
 Willis, Catherine J. Boston Public Library (Arcadia Publishing, 2011)

Canada
 Bruce, Lorne. Free books for all: The public library movement in Ontario, 1850-1930 (Dundurn, 1994)  excerpt
 Bruce, Lorne. "Professionalization, Gender, and Librarianship in Ontario, 1920-75." Library & Information History 28.2 (2012): 117-134.
 Harrison, Tanja. "The Courage to Connect: Mary Kinley Ingraham and the Development of Libraries in the Maritimes." Library & Information History 28.2 (2012): 75-102.
 McKechnie, Lynne. "Patricia Spereman and the beginning of Canadian public library work with children." Libraries & culture (1999): 135-150. online
 Ridington, John, et al. Libraries in Canada: A study of library conditions and needs (Ryerson press, 1933)

North America
North America


title: Bag-o Isi Island

text:
Bag-o Isi Island (variously Magaisi Island or Magaisi Islet) is a small island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is part of the municipality of Concepcion.

Location and geography

Bag-o Isi Island is east of Panay Island in the Visayan Sea. Part of the Concepcion Islands, Bag-o Isi is off the north coast of Pan de Azucar Island. Bocot Island is only  from Bag-o Isi Island.  is  at its highest point.

See also

 List of islands in the Philippines

References

External links
 Magaisi Island at OpenStreetMap

Islands of Iloilo


title: James T. Powers (actor)

text:
James T. Powers (born James T. McGovern; April 26, 1862– February 10, 1943), was an American stage actor, vocalist, and lyricist.

Biography
Powers began on the stage in Boston in 1880 and also spent time in circuses and later, in vaudevilles. In the 1890s, he acted in many American versions of the so-called Gaiety musicals, originating in the London's West End, then coming into vogue in the United States.

His entire career was spent in live theatre. He, however, has one IMDb credit for a short film from 1905 Digesting a Joke (James T. Powers).

On May 19, 1892, he married in Rochester, New York the actress Rachel Booth (1862-1955). They toured together in several productions. The Powers made their home in the Ansonia residential hotel in New York City.

His autobiography, Twinkle Little Star was published in New York in 1939.

James T. Powers died in New York City on February 11, 1943.

References

External links

 James T. Powers portrait gallery, New York Public Library
 James T. Powers portraits, University of Washington Sayre
   James T. and Rachel Booth Powers portraits, University of Louisville, Macauley Theatre Collection
 North American Theatre Online: James T. Powers
 James T. Powers (lyricist), Discography of American Historical Recordings
Rachel Booth and other actresses

1862 births
1943 deaths
American male stage actors
Male actors from New York (state)
Singers from New York (state)


title: Nile Breweries

text:
Nile Breweries is the name of several organizations, including:
Nile Breweries Limited, a Uganda brewery
Nile Breweries FC, a Ugandan football club


title: Federal Gazette

text:
Federal Gazette may refer to:
 Bundesgesetzblatt (disambiguation), Federal Law Gazette, Germany and Austria
 Federal Gazette (Switzerland) / Bundesblatt / Feuille fédérale / Foglio federale of Switzerland
Initial name of the Philadelphia Gazette
Pennsylvania Federal Gazette
Federal Gazette (Baltimore)
Official Federal Gazette, Brazil


title: John Ash (MP for Totnes)

text:
John Ash (fl. 1420–1439) was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1420 and for Middlesex in 1433 and 1439.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1420
English MPs 1433
English MPs 1439


title: Brachylia nigeriae

text:
Brachylia nigeriae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1915. It is found in Nigeria.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Nigeria
Cossinae
Moths described in 1915
Moths of Africa


title: Holcoglossum nagalandense

text:
Holcoglossum nagalandense is a species of terrestrial orchid native to high elevations () in the Himalayas of Yunnan and Nagaland. When placed in the former genus Penkimia as Penkimia nagalandensis it was the only species.

References

nagalandense
Orchids of Yunnan
Flora of Assam (region)
Orchids of India
Terrestrial orchids


title: Brachylia nussi

text:
Brachylia nussi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found in Malawi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Malawi
Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia rectangulata

text:
Brachylia rectangulata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Wichgraf in 1921. It is found in Malawi and Tanzania.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1921
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia reussi

text:
Brachylia reussi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Strand in 1913. It is found in Malawi and Tanzania.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1913
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia semicurvatus

text:
Brachylia semicurvatus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1930. It is found in Africa.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1930
Moths of Africa


title: Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie

text:
is a French  (comedic police crime drama) television program consisting of two series based loosely on Agatha Christie's works of detective fiction, first broadcast on France 2 on 9 January 2009. In English-speaking countries, Series One is titled "The Little Murders of Agatha Christie" and Series Two is titled "Agatha Christie's Criminal Games". Series One takes place in the 1930s with  (approximately DCI) Larosière (Antoine Duléry) and  Lampion (Marius Colucci). Series Two is set in the mid-1950s through early 1960s with Commissaire Swan Laurence (Samuel Labarthe), journalist Alice Avril (Blandine Bellavoir), and Laurence's secretary, Marlène Leroy (Élodie Frenck). Series One streams with English subtitles in the United States on Acorn TV and  MHz Choice, Series Two streams with English subtitles in the United States on MHz Choice and in Australia on SBS. The thirty-eight episodes to the end of Series Two include adaptations of thirty-six of Christie's works.

A third series, with a new cast and set in 1970s France, was announced in 2019. Although the title bearing Christie's name will remain, most of the planned episodes will be original stories "in the spirit of Christie's works" because the producer felt that the remaining books would be "too difficult to adapt", or because of rights issues in some cases.

Series One: 1930s France (2009–2012)

Overview
Set in northern France in the 1930s, womanising and bombastic Commissaire Jean Larosière and his hapless junior officer Inspecteur Émile Lampion unravel a series of complicated murder cases to reveal the killers.

Cast and characters

Main
 Antoine Duléry as Commissaire Jean Larosière (11 episodes)
 Marius Colucci as Inspecteur Émile Lampion (11 episodes)

Support
 Serge Dubois as police officer () Ménard (9 episodes)
 Olivier Carré as medical examiner () Dr Verdure (5 episodes)

Episodes

Series Two: mid-1950s to 1960s France (2013–2020)

Overview
The action has moved to mid-1950s to 1960s Lille, France. Suave, razor-sharp, arrogant, and intolerant – Commissaire Swan Laurence investigates murders with the often unappreciated assistance of reporter Alice Avril and police secretary Marlène Leroy.

Cast and characters

Main
 Samuel Labarthe as Commissaire Swan Laurence (27 episodes)
 Blandine Bellavoir as  journalist and feminist Alice Avril (27 episodes)
 Élodie Frenck as Laurence's Marilyn Monroe-esque police secretary Marlène Leroy (27 episodes)

Support
 Dominique Thomas as  Ernest Tricard (27 episodes)
 Marie Berto as secretary then police officer Arlette Carmouille (5 episodes)
 Cyril Gueï as medical examiner () Dr Timothée Glissant (13 episodes)
 Christophe Piret / François Godart as newspaper editor () Robert Jourdeuil (2 / 15 episodes)
 Natacha Lindinger as medical examiner Dr Euphrasie Maillol (4 episodes)
 Éric Beauchamp as police "cop" () Martin (16 episodes)
 Bubulle as Marlène's goldfish Bubulle (27 episodes)

Episodes

Series Three: 1970s France (announced 2019, to begin in 2021)

A third series, with a new cast and set in France in the 1970s, was announced in 2019.

The first and third episodes will be adaptations of, respectively, Endless Night and The Hollow. The second and fourth episodes, as well as the fifth and sixth episodes planned for 2022, will all be original stories; according to the producer, they will be in the "spirit of Agatha Christie".

Notes

A distinct four-part mini-series, "", adapted from Hercule Poirot's Christmas, was released in 2006. Although Larosière and Lampion are the main characters (played by the same actors), this mini-series is not a prequel or sequel to the later series.
Laurence drives a Facel Vega Facellia FA red Bordeaux coupe.

Complete cast

See also

 List of French television series

References

External links

Les Petits Meurtres d'Agatha Christie on "The Home of Agatha Christie"

2009 French television series debuts
2000s French television series
2010s French television series
French crime television series
French-language television shows
Television shows based on works by Agatha Christie


title: Brachylia senegalensis

text:
Brachylia senegalensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev and Saldaitis in 2011. It is found in Senegal.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia terebroides

text:
Brachylia terebroides is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Felder in 1874. It is found in Kenya, Namibia and South Africa.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Acacia karroo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1874
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia vukutu

text:
Brachylia vukutu is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev and Lenz in 2013. It is found in Zimbabwe.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2013
Moths of Africa


title: Brachylia windhoekensis

text:
Brachylia windhoekensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Strand in 1913. It is found in Namibia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1913
Moths of Africa


title: Sombrero Island (disambiguation)

text:
Sombrero Island may refer to one of several islands:

 Sombrero, Anguilla, in the Caribbean

Islands in the Philippines

 Sombrero Island (Batangas)
 Sombrero Island (Camarines Sur)
 Sombrero Island (Iloilo)
 Sombrero Island (Palawan)


title: Walter Serle

text:
Walter Serle (fl. 1420) of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1420.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English MPs 1420
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes


title: Chinocossus greeni

text:
Chinocossus greeni is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by G.S. Arora in 1976. It is found in Sri Lanka.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1976
Moths of Asia


title: Chinocossus marcopoloi

text:
Chinocossus marcopoloi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found in China (Yunnan).

The length of the forewings is about 19 mm. The peripheral parts of the forewings are grey with a reticulate pattern. The discal area and basal part are brown. The hindwings are grey with grey strokes between the veins.

Etymology
The species is named in honour of Marco Polo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006
Moths of Asia


title: Chinocossus vjet

text:
Chinocossus vjet is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found in Vietnam.

The length of the forewings is about 22 mm. The wing s are brown. The hindwings are brown with grey strokes between the veins.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006
Moths of Asia


title: Mobile workspace

text:
A mobile workspace is a user's portable working environment that gives them access to the applications, files and services they need to do their job no matter where they are.

Mobile workspace technology describes a set of software and services that deliver corporate apps, files and services to a user on any device and over any network. This technology was designed for business users that require access to all of their content on both corporate and personally-owned devices, including PCs, smartphones and tablets. Mobile workspace technologies are formed by bringing together a set of software and services including desktop virtualization, application virtualization, enterprise mobility management, file sharing, virtual private networks and more (see the full list below).

Business Need

According to recent research, combined shipments of devices including PCs, tablets, ultramobiles and mobile phones are projected to reach 2.5 billion units in 2014, a 7.6 percent increase from 2013.  This trend, which is expected to continue to grow, is being driven by users who utilize more than one device. In fact, today the average user has 3+ different devices that they use for work purposes on a daily basis.  These mobile devices entering the enterprise has led to over 60% of information workers working outside of a traditional office.  While the shift to mobility seems to be growing, it is causing problems for both the end user and IT department. End users don't feel they are equipped to work outside of the office and IT is forced to manage the security risks presented by data and applications leaving the corporate network.

To address these challenges, organizations are looking to mobile workspace technology that can provide users access to their corporate applications, files and services while maintaining security for their IT department. Mark Bowker, senior analyst, Enterprise Strategy Group said, "Mobile workspaces are playing a key role in addressing the new organizational imperative around secure mobility".

Components

Applications
Microsoft (particularly Microsoft Office) have been the dominant office software suite for enterprise along with numerous other Windows applications. Newer to the market is the growth of Software-as-a-Service and web-based applications such as Salesforce.com, LinkedIn and Evernote. Additionally, mobile applications have seen growth of 200% from 2011 to 2012, a trend that is expected to continue into 2013.  A mobile workspace includes access to all types of applications (Windows, mobile, web, SaaS, and HTML5-based) from the user device.

Data
Files access is important for business productivity as well as business collaboration. A user's mobile workspace must give a user access to all of their corporate data and allow for this data to be accessible on multiple devices. This requirement for file sync and sharing has led to the growth of many online sharing options including Citrix Sharefile, Dropbox, Google Drive, Box, and iCloud.

Collaboration
Due to factors like globalization, telecommuting and employees working outside of traditional offices, collaboration tools are becoming increasingly important.  Collaboration tools include electronic communication, online web-conferencing, file sharing and social collaboration software.

Network access
People now work from all locations – the office, a coffee shop, the airport, their homes – yet still require access to their content. When outside the office, people still need access to resources behind the firewall generally requiring VPN access. A mobile workspace allows secure access to apps, data and services no matter where the user is or what type of network they are using (LAN, WAN, 3G/4G, etc.).

Cloud
As cloud computing becomes more popular, IT organizations are looking to the cloud to host more services than ever before. IT departments now can choose where to host their apps, data, desktops, etc. in the most appropriate location whether that's on-premises in a datacenter or a private, public or hybrid cloud. Users need access to these resources from their mobile workspace.

Any device
Research suggests that mobile devices are set to outnumber the total number people on earth by 2014. As device types and manufacturers continue to grow, users still need to access their mobile workspace irrespective of device type, operating system or manufacturer.

Technologies that make up a mobile workspace
 Desktop virtualization
 Application virtualization
 Mobile device management
 Mobile application management
 Enterprise mobility management
 File sync and share
 Remote desktop software
 WAN optimization
 Collaboration software

References

Mobile technology


title: Dieida ahngeri

text:
Dieida ahngeri is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1902. It is found in Transcaspia, where it has been recorded from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1902
Moths of Asia


title: GCC Golden Boot

text:
Arabian Golden Boot award for the top scorer in the Arabian Leagues, Established in 1979–80 by the Lebanese magazine event "Al Hadath Sports", The award is presented annually to the best scorer, (Consideration to the rate of the goals in the matches).

Winners

Notes

Statistics

Top Players win

Top Clubs win

Top Nationality win

Top Leagues win

References

External links
Awards sporting event
Interview with Majed Abdullah scorer Arabs in 1981
Prince Sultan and the Golden Boot award for Hamza Idris 2000
Batistuta scorer Arabs in 2004
Clarify the editor in chief of the event magazine about award in 1990 and 1992

Arabian


title: Thomas Kirkby (MP for Totnes)

text:
Thomas Kirkby (fl. 1421) was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in May 1421.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English MPs May 1421
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes


title: Eremocossus nubica

text:
Eremocossus nubica is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2008. It is found in Sudan.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2008
Moths of Africa


title: Gobibatyr ustyuzhanini

text:
Gobibatyr ustyuzhanini is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2004. It is found in Mongolia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2004
Moths of Asia


title: Gumilevia konkistador

text:
Gumilevia konkistador is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found in South Sudan.

References

External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Gumilevia minettii

text:
Gumilevia minettii is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found in Zambia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Gumilevia timora

text:
Gumilevia timora is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found in Equatorial Guinea (Bioko).

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Gumilevia zhiraph

text:
Gumilevia zhiraph is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2011. It is found in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2011
Moths of Africa


title: Henry Chesewell

text:
Henry Chesewell (died 1433), of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician. Outside of politics, he is believed to have been a shopkeeper dealing in victuals.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in December 1421 and 1422.

References

Year of birth missing
1433 deaths
English MPs December 1421
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1422


title: Jaime Mata

text:
Jaime Mata Arnaiz (born 24 October 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Getafe CF as a striker or a winger.

Club career
Born in Madrid, Mata finished his youth career with local Galáctico Pegaso, making his senior debut with the reserves in 2007. After appearing with the main squad in Tercera División, he moved to neighbouring Rayo Vallecano in December 2009, being immediately loaned to UD Socuéllamos in the same level.

Mata was subsequently loaned to CD Móstoles of the same league in August 2010, in a season-long deal. He returned to Rayo in summer 2011, being assigned to the B team in the Segunda División B.

On 5 July 2012, Mata signed for Lleida Esportiu also in the third division. After scoring 32 goals over two seasons, he moved to Segunda División after agreeing to a two-year deal with Girona FC.

Mata played his first match as a professional on 24 August 2014, starting in a 1–0 home win against Racing de Santander. He scored his first goal six days later, the winner in a 2–1 away victory over AD Alcorcón.

On 11 June 2015, in the first leg of the promotion playoffs' semi-finals, Mata scored a brace in a 3–0 away defeat of Real Zaragoza. On 30 June 2016, after again being knocked out in the playoffs, he signed a two-year contract with Real Valladolid also of the second tier.

Mata scored a career-best 36 goals in his second season at the Estadio José Zorrilla, notably netting a hat-trick in a 5–1 away rout of Lorca FC on 19 May 2018. On 2 July, he signed a three-year contract with La Liga club Getafe CF as a free agent, making his debut in the competition on 24 August at the age of 29 years and ten months in a 2–0 home win against SD Eibar where he played 79 minutes.

Mata scored his first top-flight goal on 1 October 2018, the equaliser in a 1–1 away draw with RC Celta de Vigo. In the following year, he scored braces against Deportivo Alavés, Celta and SD Huesca, being also named the competition's best player for the month of February.

On 17 October 2020, Mata scored a penalty in a 1–0 victory over FC Barcelona, the club's first against that opponent since 2011. He totalled 14 league goals in his first season and 11 in the second, but featured more often that not as a winger in his later years; after manager José Bordalás's departure in May 2021 and until his return in April 2023, he struggled to get playing time.

International career
On 15 March 2019, Mata was called up by Spain national team manager Luis Enrique for two UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying matches against Norway and Malta. He won his first cap against the former, after coming on as an 89th-minute substitute for Álvaro Morata in the 2–1 win in Valencia.

Career statistics

Club

International

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Madrid
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football forwards
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol players
Rayo Vallecano B players
UD Socuéllamos players
CD Móstoles footballers
Lleida Esportiu footballers
Girona FC players
Real Valladolid players
Getafe CF footballers
Spain men's international footballers


title: Sombrero Island (Iloilo)

text:
Sombrero (variously Sombrero Islet) is a small, cone-shaped island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is part of the municipality of Concepcion.

Location and geography

Sombrero Island is east of Panay Island in the Visayan Sea. Part of the Concepcion Islands, Sombrero is southeast of Pan de Azucar Island by less than . A sandbar connects Sombrero to  at low tide. Sombrero is a wooded island and is  at its highest point.

See also

 List of islands in the Philippines

References

External links
 Sombrero Island at OpenStreetMap

Islands of Iloilo


title: Deserticossus beketi

text:
Deserticossus beketi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2004. It is found in Mongolia. The habitat consists of deserts.

The length of the forewings is about 22 mm. The forewings are dark grey with black stripes in postdiscal area between the veins. The hindwings are uniform grey. Adults are on wing from June to July.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2004
Moths of Asia


title: Deserticossus consobrinus

text:
Deserticossus consobrinus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Püngeler in 1898. It is found in China (Xinjiang)., southern Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Kirghizistan.

The length of the forewings is 17–23 mm for males and 21–26 mm for females. Adults are on wing from June to August.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1898
Moths of Asia


title: Yakudza

text:
Yakudza vicarius is a moth in the family Cossidae and the only species in the genus Yakudza. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865, and reclassified in 2006. It is found in China, Russia and Japan.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1865
Monotypic moth genera
Cossidae genera


title: William Cosyn (MP)

text:
William Cosyn (fl. 1421–1431) of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in December 1421, 1423, 1425, 1427, 1429 and 1431.

References

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
English MPs December 1421
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1423
English MPs 1425
English MPs 1427
English MPs 1429
English MPs 1431


title: Covington Blue Sox

text:
The Covington Blue Sox were a Federal League baseball club in Covington, Kentucky, in 1913. The team was also referred to as the Covington Colonels or Covington Federals in contemporary newspaper reports. The team was moved to Kansas City in July 1913 and became known thereafter as the Kansas City Packers.

History
Baseball has been played in Covington since the 1870s, with the Star club a popular amateur side which competed with the top non-professional clubs in Ohio and Kentucky. On September 21, 1875, the Star Baseball Park hosted a National Association game between the Philadelphia Athletics and the Hartford Dark Blues; the Athletics (not to be confused with the 20th century team of this name) won, 13–9, in front of a crowd of 800.

In 1912 or 1913, Covington city leaders tried to acquire a baseball franchise in the Class D Blue Grass League. The Cincinnati Reds, whose ballpark was just  away across the Ohio River, blocked the move. Instead, after several larger cities backed out, Covington was awarded a franchise in the Federal League, a new "outlaw" circuit.

The city raised $13,500, with $6,000 budgeted to build the ballpark. Bernard Wisenall, a prominent local architect, designed Federal Park (also called Riverbreeze Park) with a capacity of 6,000. The ballpark was bounded by East 2nd Street, East 3rd Street, Madison Avenue and Scott Boulevard. Playing in the dead-ball era, the park was built with small dimensions, possibly the smallest ever built for any pro baseball park, with a distance of just 194 feet down the right-field line, 267 feet to dead center, and 218 feet down the left-field line, more akin to a modern Little League ball field than a pro ballpark, which have a required minimum of 325 feet down the foul lines. Construction did not begin until a month before opening day.

The Blue Sox started their season on a long road trip, with a game against Cleveland on May 3. The game ended in a 6–6 tie, called after ten innings due to darkness.

The Blue Sox managed to sell out their first home game on May 9, with thousands of fans turned away. Covington's mayor George "Pat" Phillips declared a half-holiday for the city, closing city offices at noon and encouraging businesses to follow suit in support the team. Pregame festivities included a parade, bands, and decorations across city along with the mayor tossing out a golden ball for the ceremonial first pitch. Messenger pigeons were released to spread the news of the opening to each city on the Federal League circuit as well as one going to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. Pitcher Walt Justis shut out the St. Louis Terriers in a 4–0 victory.

However, Covington (which had about 55,000 people at the time) wasn't really a big enough town to support the team, and drew only an average of 650 for the remainder of their initial nine-game home stand. By June, the team was mired in fourth place with a 21–31 record and drawing a few hundred a game; altogether, the Sox had a total attendance of only about 8,000 to the nineteen home games after the opener. June 21 turned out to be the club's final home game. On June 23, it was announced that the Blue Sox would leaving town; on June 26, the league voted to move the team to Kansas City, where it was renamed the Packers. The owners of the Covington team yielded their rights to their creditors.

After spending the 1913 season as an independent circuit, the Federal League declared themselves a major league in 1914; the league folded after the 1915 campaign, with the American and National Leagues essentially buying them out.

Federal Park was used for other events over the next few years, including boxing and auto polo, but was torn down in 1919 to make room for a new tobacco warehouse. The warehouse was then later replaced by the present-day Kenton County Circuit Courthouse. Covington has not hosted a professional team in any sport since; however, Highland Heights, located  from Covington, hosted indoor pro football in the early 2010s.

Logo
The Blue Sox logo was a line drawing of a batter with the blue initials "BS."

Notable players
 Sam Leever
 Walt Justis

References

Covington, Kentucky
Federal League teams
Baseball teams established in 1913
Kansas City Packers
1913 establishments in Kentucky
Defunct baseball teams in Kentucky
Baseball teams disestablished in 1913


title: Cosyn

text:
Cosyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edmund Cosyn (or Cosin; mid 16th century), English Catholic academic and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University
William Cosyn (1470s–1525), English dean
William Cosyn (MP) (fl. 1421–1431), English politician

See also
Cosin


title: 2014 Colchester murders

text:
On 29 March 2014, 33-year-old James Attfield, who had a brain injury, was stabbed to death in Colchester, Essex. Three months later, on 17 June, Nahid Almanea, a 31-year-old Saudi student of the University of Essex, was also stabbed and killed. Teenager James Fairweather was apprehended while planning a third murder in May 2015, and in January 2016 he pleaded responsible for both deaths. In April 2016 he was found guilty of both murders and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 27 years.

Perpetrator
James Fairweather was 15 years old when he committed his murders, and 17 at his conviction. He attended Colchester Academy. He was bullied for his prominent ears. He struggled at school, in part due to dyslexia, which was not diagnosed until he was detained. In 2012, he was badly affected by the death of his grandmother.

Fairweather was convicted of knifepoint robbery of cigars in January 2014, and sentenced to a year's supervision. He was also convicted of criminal damage of a house in 2013.

Murders
Attfield was a father of five who had suffered brain damage after a car accident. He was lying on the grass at Castle Park after drinking, when he was attacked by Fairweather. He was found bleeding to death by paramedics, who could not save his life. The violence committed towards him with over a hundred stab wounds startled the police, and the BBC decided that the details were too "gruesome to describe". In court, Fairweather said that voices had chosen Attfield to be his victim, and the voices began to laugh as he stabbed him. Attfield had defensive wounds on his arms and hands, indicating that he was conscious enough to attempt to fight off Fairweather.

Almanea was killed in overgrowth on Salary Brook Trail near her home. Fairweather stabbed her in the abdomen before forcing the knife into her eyes and ultimately her brain, so that she could not "see evil".

Legal proceedings

Initial investigation
Essex Police questioned 70 locals with a history of knife crime, including Fairweather, who gave an alibi and was not questioned further.

, more than 900 potential witnesses had been interviewed. Nine people from various towns in East Anglia were arrested and bailed by officers investigating Attfield's murder.  Det Supt Hawkings, Head of Major Crimes for Essex Police called the attack "brazen" for occurring in a public space where passersby were likely. Police said that despite no firm evidence, one line of enquiry in the murder of Almanea was a possible hate crime. During the trial, by which time it was known that Almanea and Attfield were killed by the same person, it was announced that both had been selected randomly. Premature assumptions that it was a hate crime led the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to threaten revenge attacks, using the Twitter hashtag #Colchester.

The fact that Almanea and Attfield were unconnected people, and had been killed at different times of the day, led to a line of investigation that there could have been two separate killers. Fewer people went out in Colchester in public, and overgrowth was cleared to remove hiding places.

Arrest and investigation of Fairweather
Fairweather did not attempt another murder for over a year because the public were wary of the danger: on 27 May 2015 he was spotted loitering early in the morning by a concerned dogwalker. The police were called and interviewed Fairweather, who was wearing rubber-gripped gloves and bearing a knife. He was arrested. In August 2015, he told a psychiatrist some of the "most anti-social and violent thoughts" the professional had heard, saying that voices were telling him to burn babies and maim prostitutes. Searches of Fairweather's possessions included documentaries about serial killers such as the Yorkshire Ripper, but prosecutor Paul Scothern clarified that not all people with such interests are intent on imitating the killers.

Trial and sentencing
At the Old Bailey the following January, his name not disclosed to the public for reasons of age, he denied two charges of murder and possessing an illegal weapon, but admitted to two charges of manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Fairweather claimed to have psychosis, which was not found by a court psychiatrist. Fairweather was found unanimously guilty by the jury on 22 April 2016, and was to be sentenced a week later, with Judge Robin Spencer, QC, saying that the minimum sentence would be 12 years.

After the conviction, Attfield's mother Julie decried Fairweather as a "monster", condemning his cruelty to her son.

On 29 April 2016, Fairweather was sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum of 27 years. Fairweather tried to appeal the sentence in September on the grounds of his age, but this was rejected as it was deemed that the judge was aware of both.

Documentaries
The murders were the subject of an episode of Teens Who Kill on CBS Reality in March 2017. In May 2019, the case was covered by Britain's Deadliest Kids on Quest Red, with interviews from relatives, lawyers, the police, councillors and journalists. On 4 July 2022 the case was the subject of an episode of The Real Manhunter on the Sky Crime channel.

References

2014 murders in the United Kingdom
2010s in Essex
History of Colchester
March 2014 crimes in Europe
March 2014 events in the United Kingdom
June 2014 crimes in Europe
June 2014 events in the United Kingdom
Murder committed by minors
Murder in Essex
Serial murders in the United Kingdom


title: Deserticossus mongoliana

text:
Deserticossus mongoliana is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Franz Daniel in 1969. It is found in Mongolia. The habitat consists of deserts, where it is found at altitudes ranging from 900 to 1,600 meters.

The length of the forewings is 12–18 mm for males and 17–22 mm for females. The forewings are light brown with transversal streaks and a row of dark-brown strokes along the costal margin, as well as brown strokes along the veins at the outer margin. The hindwings are brown, but light yellow at the base. Adults are on wing from June to July.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1969
Moths of Asia


title: Holcocerus nobilis

text:
Holcocerus nobilis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was first described by Staudinger in 1884. It is found in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, China, Iran and Afghanistan. The habitat consists of deserts and semi-deserts.

Adults are on wing in summer, probably in two generations per year.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1884
Moths of Asia


title: Roepkiella rufidorsia

text:
Roepkiella rufidorsia is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in India (Sikkim).

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Holcocerus witti

text:
Holcocerus witti is a species of moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev, Saldaitis and Ivinskis in 2007. It is found in north-western Iran.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2007
Moths of Asia


title: John Giles (died 1553)

text:
John Giles, Gelys or Jelys (by 1487 – 1553), of Bowden in Ashprington and Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1529.

References

15th-century births
1553 deaths
English MPs 1529–1536
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes


title: Ommata andina

text:
Ommata andina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Santos-Silva, Martins and Clarke in 2010.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2010


title: Ommata buddemeyerae

text:
Ommata buddemeyerae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2010.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2010


title: Ommata elegans

text:
Ommata elegans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1855


title: Ommata hirtipes

text:
Ommata hirtipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Ommata nigricollis

text:
Ommata nigricollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Santos-Silva, Martins and Clarke in 2010.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2010


title: Ommata tibialis

text:
Ommata tibialis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1961.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1961


title: Optomerus bispeculifer

text:
Optomerus bispeculifer is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1855


title: Optomerus roppai

text:
Optomerus roppai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Magno in 1995.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1995


title: Adam Ralegh

text:
Adam Ralegh (c. 1480 – 1545 or later), of Fardel and Plympton St Mary, Devon; London, and Southwark, Surrey,  was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1529.

References

1480 births
16th-century deaths
English MPs 1529–1536
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
Politicians from London
People from Southwark
Members of the Parliament of England for Plympton Erle


title: Eduard Zea

text:
Eduard Stihivinson Zea Chávez (born 19 January 1990) is a Colombian footballer who most recently played for PS Kemi.

Career
Born in Quibdó, Chocó, Zea began playing football as a central defender with Deportes Quindío. After joining the senior side, he spent much of his early years going on loan to América de Cali and La Equidad to get more playing opportunities. In 2012, he returned to Deportes Quindio, where he broke into the first team during the 2013 season.

Zea played for Colombia at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup finals in South Korea.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Deportes Quindío footballers
América de Cali footballers
La Equidad footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
San Antonio Scorpions players
Phoenix Rising FC players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
USL Championship players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Quibdó
Zea family


title: Oregostoma bipartitum

text:
Oregostoma bipartitum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1873.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1873


title: Oregostoma nigripes

text:
Oregostoma nigripes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Audinet-Serville in 1833.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1833


title: Oregostoma nitidiventre

text:
Oregostoma nitidiventre is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1911


title: Oregostoma puniceum

text:
Oregostoma puniceum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1838.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1838


title: Kaneyasu Marutani

text:
was a Japanese journalist and politician from the Social Democratic Party. He served as member of the House of Councillors from 1977 to 1989.

He also served as Mayor of Ikeda, Hokkaido from 1957 to 1976.  During his tenure as mayor, he was instrumental in forming a sister city relationship with the City of Penticton in British Columbia Canada.  This relationship is still active in 2017 and a delegation from Penticton recently travelled to Ikeda Japan to celebrate the fortieth anniversary.

References

1919 births
2014 deaths
People from Hokkaido
Meiji University alumni
Japanese journalists
Japan Socialist Party politicians
Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)
Mayors of places in Hokkaido


title: Ornistomus bicinctus

text:
Ornistomus bicinctus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1864.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Jaka Corn

text:
Jaka Corn (born 14 April 1995) is a football midfielder from Slovenia. His current club is FC Hermagor.

Club career
Corn has played in the Austrian lower leagues since 2021.

References

External links
Player profile at NZS

1995 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Slovenian men's footballers
Slovenia men's youth international footballers
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
NK Šenčur players
ND Ilirija 1911 players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Slovenian Second League players
Austrian Landesliga players
Austrian 2. Landesliga players
Slovenian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Austria


title: Ornistomus simulatrix

text:
Ornistomus simulatrix is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2012.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2012


title: Sayani Datta

text:
Sayani Datta  is a Bengali film actress. She started her career with the film Na Hannyate in 2012.  Her second film, Shada Kalo Abcha, entered the international film festival circuit. In 2016, she acted in a short film called Feet and Foe directed by Soumodeep Ghosh Chowdhury. She was also the celebrity model for the first edition of the FFACE calendar 2014. Recently Datta has made her Hindi Debut with  Gurmeet Choudhary in The Wife (2021).

Filmography
List of films of Sayani Datta

Web series

Royal moods added mineral water

In 2018, Sayani made her debut in national advertisement with Bournvita. She has also appeared in the advertisement for Coloroso Sarees, a boutique-style saree shop with web presence.

References

Actresses in Bengali cinema
Bengali female models
University of Calcutta alumni
1987 births
Living people
Female models from Kolkata
People from Howrah


title: Valfortorina

text:
The Valfortorina or Capra di Benevento is a rare breed of domestic goat from the Val Fortore in the province of Benevento, in Campania in southern Italy. It survives in very low numbers, and its conservation status was listed as "critical" by the FAO in 2007. A small number are kept at Benevento by the Consorzio per la Sperimentazione, Divulgazione e Applicazione di Biotecniche Innovative (ConsDABI), the institution responsible for the conservation of genetic resources in Italy.

The Valfortorina is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. There has been no entry in the herdbook for many years. At the end of 2008 a population of 49 was reported.

Use

Data from 1983 gives a milk yield for the Valfortorina of 300–350 kg in 240–270 days for pluriparous nannies.

References

Goat breeds
Dairy goat breeds
Goat breeds originating in Italy


title: Oxylymma caeruleocincta

text:
Oxylymma caeruleocincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1885


title: Oxylymma championi

text:
Oxylymma championi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1885


title: Nile Breweries Limited

text:
Nile Breweries Limited (NBL) is the leading beer  manufacturer in Uganda.

Location
The NBL's headquarters and main brewery are in the town of Njeru in Buikwe District, approximately  north-east of the central business district of Jinja, Uganda. This is approximately , by road, east of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. The coordinates of the company headquarters are 0°26'19.0"N, 33°10'47.0"E (Latitude:0.438620; Longitude:33.179720).

Overview
NBL had an estimated 52 percent share of the Ugandan beer market in 2013. This has since grown to 57 per cent.

Eagle Lager was launched to promote the use of locally grown sorghum to make lager beers and to reduce reliance on imported raw materials. Brand extensions now include an Eagle Extra, Eagle Poa and Eagle Dark.

History
NBL started in 1951 as a single brewery in Jinja. The brewery was nationalised in 1972 by President Idi Amin. In 1997, South African Breweries bought a 40 percent share in the brewery, raising this to full ownership in July 2001. The company is now a proud part of the ABInBev family after the successful completion of the business combination with SABMiller plc in 2016.

Operations
In October 2013, NBL opened a new brewery in Mbarara, about , south-west of Kampala. Built at a cost of US$90.6 million (about UGX:235 billion), the brewery was projected to produce 5.5 million crates of beers annually. The new brewery uses sorghum, maize, and barley, which are grown mostly by farmers in the region. The products of this brewery are marketed locally and exported to South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

A maltings plant with a 120-ton piece size was built on the brewery site at Jinja in 2011 to support a local barley growing initiative and to supply barley malt to the brewery. Involved in this construction was Excel Construction Limited, formed in 1992 as a joint venture company between the Madhvani Group and Gomba Construction Company Ltd.

Brands
As of 2013, Nile Breweries had ten locally produced beer brands (Nile Special, Nile Gold, Club Pilsner, Castle Lite, Castle Milk Stout, Eagle Lager, Eagle Extra, Eagle Dark, Eagle Poa and Chairman's ESB), one locally produced traditional African beer (Chibuku), two imported lagers (Castle Lager and Grolsch) .

As of 2014, the flagship Nile Special brand was being exported to Kenya.

References

External links
Beer Wars: Nile, Bell Row Rocks Industry
Locations of SABMiller Subsidiaries

Breweries of Africa
Food and drink companies of Uganda
1951 establishments in Uganda
SABMiller
Sorghum
Buikwe District
Food and drink companies established in 1951
Jinja, Uganda


title: Rhomboda

text:
Rhomboda, commonly known as velvet jewel orchids, is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are mostly terrestrial herbs with a fleshy, creeping rhizome and a loose rosette of green to maroon coloured leaves. Small resupinate or partly resupinate, dull coloured flowers are borne on a hairy flowering stem. The dorsal sepal and petals overlap and form a hood over the column and there is a deep pouch at the base of the labellum. They are found in tropical regions from northern India through Southeast Asia, China, Japan to Australia and some Pacific Islands.

Description
Orchids in the genus Rhomboda are usually terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs with a creeping, fleshy, above-ground rhizome anchored to the ground by wiry roots. A few species are epiphytic. The leaves are spirally arranged around the stem with the upper leaves forming a loose rosette. They are dark green to maroon or brownish with a central white or red line. The flowers are resupinate or partly resupinate with the dorsal sepal and petals fused to form a hood over the column. The lateral sepals are similar to the dorsal sepal, free and often spreading. The labellum has a deep pouch near its base, a narrow middle section and often has a hooked tip.

Taxonomy and naming
The genus Rhomboda was first formally described in 1857 by John Lindley and the description was published in Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany. The name Rhomboda is derived from the Ancient Greek word rhombos meaning "a top", referring to the shape of the calli on the labellum of the type specimen.

Distribution
Orchids in the genus Rhomboda are native to Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Japan, the Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Queensland between the Daintree and Paluma.

Species list
The following is a list of species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at August 2018:

Rhomboda abbreviata (Lindl.) Ormerod - Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Assam, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand
Rhomboda alticola (Schltr.) Ormerod - New Guinea
Rhomboda arunachalensis A.N.Rao - Arunachal Pradesh
Rhomboda atrorubens (Schltr.) Ormerod - New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago
Rhomboda bantaengensis (J.J.Sm.) Ormerod - Sulawesi
Rhomboda blackii (Ames) Ormerod - Mindanao
Rhomboda cristata (Blume) Ormerod - Java, Philippines
Rhomboda dennisii Ormerod - Vanuatu, Solomon Islands
Rhomboda elbertii Ormerod - Sulawesi
Rhomboda fanjingensis Ormerod - Guizhou
Rhomboda kerintjiensis (J.J.Sm.) Ormerod - Sumatra
Rhomboda lanceolata (Lindl.) Ormerod - Darjiling, Bhutan, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, New Guinea, Kyushu
Rhomboda longifolia Lindl. - Sikkim
Rhomboda minahassae (Schltr.) Ormerod - Sulawesi
Rhomboda moulmeinensis (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Ormerod - Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Myanmar, Thailand
Rhomboda pauciflora (Ridl.) Ormerod - Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah
Rhomboda petelottii (Gagnep.) Ormerod - Vietnam
Rhomboda polygonoides (F.Muell.) Ormerod - Queensland, New Guinea, Maluku, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, New Caledonia
Rhomboda pulchra (King & Pantl.) Ormerod & Av.Bhattacharjee
Rhomboda tokioi (Fukuy.) Ormerod - Guangdong, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Vietnam
Rhomboda velutina (J.J.Sm.) Ormerod - Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
Rhomboda wardii Ormerod - Myanmar
Rhomboda yakusimensis (Masam.) Ormerod - Ryukyu Islands, Izu Islands, Kyushu

References

Orchids of Queensland
Orchids of Asia
Orchids of China
Orchids of Japan
Orchids of New Guinea
Orchids of New Caledonia
Orchids of Laos
Orchids of the Solomon Islands
Orchids of Thailand
Orchids of Vanuatu
Cranichideae genera


title: Oxylymma durantoni

text:
Oxylymma durantoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Penaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian in 2003.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Oxylymma faurei

text:
Oxylymma faurei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Penaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian in 2003.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Oxylymma sudrei

text:
Oxylymma sudrei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Penaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian in 2003.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Carcharhinus humani

text:
Carcharhinus humani, also known as the Human's whaler shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. It inhabits the western Indian Ocean near the Socotra Islands, off Kuwait, Mozambique, and South Africa.

References

External links
http://shark-references.com/species/view/Carcharhinus-humani
https://www.fishbase.se/summary/67430

humani
Marine fauna of West Asia
Marine fish of East Africa
Fish described in 2014


title: Boxing at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's +91 kg

text:
The men's super heavyweight (+91 kilograms) event at the 2010 Asian Games took place from 16 to 25 November 2010 at Lingnan Mingzhu Gymnasium, Foshan, China.

Like all Asian Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. All bouts consisted of three three-minute rounds. The boxers receive points for every successful punch they land on their opponent's head or upper body. The boxer with the most points at the end of the bouts wins.

A total of 9 men from 9 countries competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was over 91 kilograms. Zhang Zhilei of China won the gold medal. He beat Ivan Dychko of Kazakhstan 7–5 in the final bout in Foshan Gymnasium. Rouhollah Hosseini and Paramjeet Samota shared the bronze medal.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
RSC — Won by referee stop contest

References

External links
Official website

Men's 100


title: Gerald's World

text:
Gerald's World is the fifth studio album by American R&B singer Gerald Levert. It was released by Elektra Records on September 18, 2001, in the United States.

Critical reception

In his review for AllMusic, David Jeffries called Gerald's World "another Gerald Levert album – nothing less, nothing more [...] On Gerald's World, he's as smooth and as sweet-talkin' as ever. But there's something automatic about it all, a sense of security with the persona and legend he's built over the years. LeVert still may have a bedroom voice, but more often than not here, he seems about ready to call it a night."

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2001 albums
Gerald Levert albums
Elektra Records albums


title: Oxylymma gibbicollis

text:
Oxylymma gibbicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1873.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1873


title: Oxylymma lepida

text:
Oxylymma lepida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1859.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1859


title: Oxylymma telephorina

text:
Oxylymma telephorina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1870.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1870


title: Oxylymma tuberculicolle

text:
Oxylymma tuberculicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1947.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1947


title: Pandrosos phthisicus

text:
Pandrosos phthisicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug in 1825.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1825


title: Pandrosos proximus

text:
Pandrosos proximus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Mermudes and Napp in 2009.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2009


title: Paraeclipta cabrujai

text:
Paraeclipta cabrujai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2011.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Paraeclipta clementecruzi

text:
Paraeclipta clementecruzi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2011.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Paraeclipta melgarae

text:
Paraeclipta melgarae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2011.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Paraeclipta moscosoi

text:
Paraeclipta moscosoi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2011.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Paraeclipta tomhacketti

text:
Paraeclipta tomhacketti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Clarke in 2011.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Love Someone (Jason Mraz song)

text:
"Love Someone" is a song by American singer-songwriter Jason Mraz. It was released on May 19, 2014, on Atlantic Records as the lead single from his fifth studio album, Yes!.

Background
Mraz and Mike Mogis produced the song. It was written by Mraz, Chris Keup and Stewart Myers, along with members of the indie-rock-folk band Raining Jane (Mai Bloomfield, Becky Gebhardt, Chaska Potter and Mona Tavakoli). They served as his band on the record. Mraz has been working with other artists in this way since 2007.

Track listing
Download digital
Love Someone — 4:16

Download digital (9 Theory Remixes)
Love Someone (9 Theory Remix) — 3:31
Love Someone (9 Theory Magical Mystery Mix) — 4:53

Charts

Personnel
Jason Mraz – vocals, guitar, production

Raining Jane
Mai Bloomfield – vocals, cello, high strung guitar
Becky Gebhardt – bass
Chaska Potter – vocals
Mona Tavakoli – vocals, drums, percussion

Additional personnel
Mike Mogis – production
Chris Keup – co-production
Stewart Myers – co-production
Andy Powers – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, pedal steel, mandolin
Chris Joyner – organ, piano, tanpura drone
Ben Brodin – drums, percussion, piano
John O'Reilly – additional drums

Release history

References

2014 singles
2014 songs
Atlantic Records singles
Jason Mraz songs
Song recordings produced by Jason Mraz
Songs written by Jason Mraz


title: Paraeclipta bicoloripes

text:
Paraeclipta bicoloripes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Paraeclipta rectipennis

text:
Paraeclipta rectipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Henry A. Ware House

text:
The Henry A. Ware House is a historic house located at 460 Bellefontaine Street in Pasadena, California. Prominent Pasadena architectural firm Greene & Greene designed the American Craftsman style house, which was built in 1913. The house's roof has a complex gabled form typical of Craftsman designs, and its eaves are overhanging with exposed rafters and beams. A large front-facing gable features a stepped brick chimney, while a one-story bay includes Tudor-inspired half-timbering.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 15, 2004.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Houses completed in 1913
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California
Houses in Pasadena, California
American Craftsman architecture in California
1913 establishments in California
Greene and Greene buildings


title: Paraeclipta unicoloripes

text:
Paraeclipta unicoloripes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Paraeclipta croceicornis

text:
Paraeclipta croceicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1911


title: Paraeclipta flavipes

text:
Paraeclipta flavipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1922.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1922


title: Paraeclipta jejuna

text:
Paraeclipta jejuna is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1911


title: Paraeclipta kawensis

text:
Paraeclipta kawensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Penaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian in 2004.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2004


title: Paraeclipta longipennis

text:
Paraeclipta longipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1947.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1947


title: Paraeclipta soumourouensis

text:
Paraeclipta soumourouensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tavakilian and Penaherrera-Leiva in 2003.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Paraeclipta tenuis

text:
Paraeclipta tenuis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hermann Burmeister in 1865.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1865


title: Parischasia chamenoisi

text:
Parischasia chamenoisi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tavakilian and Peñaherrera-Leiva in 2005.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 2005


title: Parischasia ligulatipennis

text:
Parischasia ligulatipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

References

Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1911


title: William Thomson Sloper

text:
William Thomson Sloper (December 13, 1883 − May 1, 1955) was an American stockbroker and survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic. Sloper, who was 28 when the Titanic sank, traveled as a first-class passenger and was saved after boarding lifeboat #7, the first to be launched from the vessel.

Titanic
Sloper was born in New Britain, Connecticut, son of Andrew Jackson Sloper and Ella Thomson Sloper.

In April 1912, he was returning to the United States after a three-month vacation in Europe. The stockbroker and estate manager had
planned to travel on board the RMS Mauretania. However, while still in Europe, he met the Canadian family of Mark Fortune and became very fond of his daughter Alice, prompting him to cancel his tickets aboard the Mauretania and purchase tickets for the maiden voyage of the Titanic.

On the night of the sinking, Sloper was playing bridge with other men when the Titanic struck an iceberg and began to sink. At first, he didn't pay much attention to the turmoil on deck but as time passed he decided to leave the room and go up to deck. Since he thought that the Titanic was "unsinkable", he first refused to leave, but ultimately gave in after insistence by actress Dorothy Gibson who urged him to go with her aboard lifeboat #7. After the disaster, he credited her with saving his life.

On April 19, 1912, one day after arriving in New York City aboard the RMS Carpathia, a tabloid newspaper identified him as one of the passengers who had dressed in women's clothing to get their spot in the lifeboats. Sloper would spend the rest of his life denying the accusations.

Life after the Titanic
After the disaster, Sloper became a managing partner of a private investment firm.

He married Helen Tallmadge Lindenberg on February 26, 1915, in Columbus, Ohio and brought up her three daughters from a previous marriage.

William Sloper died on May 1, 1955.

References

1883 births
1955 deaths
RMS Titanic survivors
American stockbrokers
People from New Britain, Connecticut
20th-century American businesspeople