title: Basilica of San Magno, Legnano

text:
The Basilica of Saint Magnus (it. Basilica di San Magno) is the principal church of the Italian town of Legnano, in the Province of Milan. It is dedicated to the Saint Magnus, who was Archbishop of Milan from 518 to 530. The church was built from 1504 to 1513 in the Renaissance-style designed by Donato Bramante. The bell tower was added between the years 1752 and 1791. On 18 March 1950, Pope Pius XII named the Basilica of San Magno a minor basilica.

The interior of the basilica church is adorned with numerous first-class examples of  artwork. Examples are Gian Giacomo Lampugnani's frescoes of the main vault, the remains of 16th century paintings by Evangelista Luini, the frescoes of the main chapel by Bernardino Lanini, and the altarpiece by Giampietrino. The item of greatest significance, however, is a polyptych by Bernardino Luini that is widely considered by art historians to be his masterpiece.

History

The origins: the ancient church of San Salvatore

Upon the site of the Basilica of San Magno once stood the Lombard Romanesque parish , whose construction has been traced to the 10th or 11th centuries AD. By the 15th century, the stability of the parish church's foundation had been drastically weakened by its age and water leaking in from the nearby . To make matters worse, the Olona was prone to frequent and destructive flooding. Finally, in the very late 15th century, the parish church partially collapsed. The people of Legnano obtained permission from Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, to demolish its remains and to build a new church on the same site. Because the parish church had had a rather dour appearance, Legnano's populace decided to erect a much more sumptuous place of worship.

There are a few reasons that the people chose, in spite of the danger of continued water damage, to reuse the site of the parish church. One is a confidence displayed by the people of Legnano in the technical skills of the builders of the basilica church. Another is that what is now the Piazza San Magno was the town's primary cemetery until a fiat of the Napoleonic government forced the municipal government to move the cemetery out of the town in 1808. The nobility were laid to rest inside the church until their bones were removed from the Basilica of San Magno in the 18th century.

Construction
The greatest monetary contributions to the construction of the basilica church were made by the  and Vismara families, two of the oldest families in Legnano. The cornerstone was laid on 4 May 1504 and construction was finished on 6 June 1513. The decoration of the basilica church's interior began shortly thereafter with the frescoes of Gian Giacomo Lampugnani on the main dome. The church received its first two bells in 1510. The next year, however, on 11 December 1511, Legnano was razed and sacked Swiss soldiers, then fighting for the  during the War of the League of Cambrai. The church was also damaged; the scaffolding on its exterior was incinerated. Writing about the construction of the basilica church, Agostino Pozzi, the provost of Legnano, reported in the Storia delle chiese di Legnano:

Work on the church was suspended from 1516 to 1523, for two reasons. The second was that funding for the church had ceased; the primary donors, the local nobility, were made destitute after the French drove the Sforzas from the Duchy of Milan in 1499 and subsequent fighting. That poverty among the nobility was also the author of much administrative disruption in Legnano, as they fought to hold onto their possessions within the Duchy. Compounding all these difficulties was a disinterest in Legnano by the Archbishop of Milan, who began withdrawing holy orders from the area. This had been provoked by the loss of the rebellious tendencies 's , and thus the need for ducal troops in Legnano.

The original plans of the basilica have been lost and therefore no documents bearing the signature of its architect. Bramante's name, in fact, appears only in later written testimonies. The design of the basilica of San Magno was probably carried out by Giovanni Antonio Amadeo or his follower Tommaso Rodari on a design by Donato Bramante. The proof that assigns the authorship of the drawings to the famous artist is contained in a writing of 1650 by Agostino Pozzo, provost of San Magno, which reads:

The first document that mentions Donato Bramante as an architect of the basilica of San Magno is instead a text by Federico Borromeo, then archbishop of Milan, which is connected to his pastoral visit to Legnano in 1618, an excerpt of which states:

The construction was then directed by an unnamed master, and Legnano's most experienced artist, Gian Giacomo Lampugnani. Gian Giacomo was a distant relative of , the 13th century master builder who had built  and . Gian Giacomo had also created the first piece of interior decor for the basilica with his 1515 fresco on the main vault.

The basilica was consecrated on 15 December 1529 by Francesco Landino, auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Milan.

From 17th to 20th century

The entrance to the basilica, originally facing the  and the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception was moved in 1610 to its present location. This entrance was walled off and transformed into an atrium to the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception. The second original entrance, located in the Chapel of the Feast of the Cross, faced the clergy houses to the basilica's south. This entrance was also walled off, and two new entrances opened on the front facade facing the Piazza San Magno.

The main entrance was opened sometime before 1840, according to records from a pastoral visit by card. Giuseppe Pozzobonelli in 1761, as the side entrances did not allow visitors to enter directly before the high altar. The work on the entrances was done by Francesco Maria Richini, a religious architect and the future designer of the , also in Legnano. He also modified the basilica's exterior by adding Baroque elements like pilasters, pediments, and lintels to the new entrances, windows, and roof lantern. It is probable that the plans, were they not destroyed in 1515, were lost at this point.

The basilica's north–south orientation was chosen because of urban planning; to its west was the old cemetery and on the east was the Olona, so it was decided that no doors should be placed on these sides of the basilica. The main chapel, however, was built facing east in traditional Christian practice. This resulted later in those entering the basilica from its new main entrance finding the high altar to their left, so the entrances were rotated 90° to the east and west. Another possibility is that, in the first half of the basilica's history, the high altar was aligned to the main entrance.

On 20 August 1611, two bells that had been consecrated by Cardinal Federico Borromeo on 2 July 1610, were added to the bell tower. One of these bells was cast with a fragment of a bell associated to a miracle performed by Saint Theodore acquired by the basilica's canon from the bishop of Sion, Switzerland, as recorded in the parish register.

The modern main door was instead opened later, perhaps in 1840, or earlier, as shown by some archive notes relating to the pastoral visit made in Legnano by cardinal Giuseppe Pozzobonelli in 1761, in which there is a description of the Basilica of San Magno where the three doors facing the modern piazza San Magno are cited as well as drawn. It was decided to open the central door because the two side entrances did not allow the visitor entering the basilica to be directly in front of the main altar.

On 12 November 1850 a commission created by the Austrian government on the proposal of the provost of San Magno, and made up of the painters Francesco Hayez and Antonio de Antoni and the sculptor Giovanni Servi, wrote a report that had the purpose of carrying out a survey to evaluate the possibility of carry out a restoration of the basilica, a hypothesis which was not followed up. In 1888 another restoration was organized, which however was not approved by the Conservation of Monuments for Lombardy. The first restoration that went into port, made necessary to remedy the damage caused by a cyclone that struck Legnano on 20 July 1910, was then carried out from 1911 to 1914.

The design by Donato Bramante is confirmed by the papal bull of March 19, 1950 issued by Pope Pius XII which conferred the dignity of a Roman minor basilica on the church of Legnano:

The title and the denomination

A hypothesis that explains the entitlement of the basilica to Magnus of Milan is linked to some events that took place a few decades after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. In 523 the Byzantine emperor Justin I promulgated an edict against the Arians: in response, the king of the Ostrogoths Theoderic the Great, who was of the Aryan faith, began to persecute Catholics, killing and imprisoning important religious figures as well. On the death of Theodoric, on the throne of the Ostrogoths, sat the most tolerant Athalaric: thanks to the new king, and to the intercession of Magno of Milan, the Milanese archbishop who was later proclaimed a saint, many prisoners were released.

Since these persecutions also affected Legnano, its inhabitants decided to name Magnus of Milan first the central apse of the ancient church of San Salvatore, then the parish, which was created on 24 December 1482 with the name of "parish of San Magno and San Salvatore", and finally the new church: Magnus of Milan later became also the patron saint of the municipality of Legnano.

As far as the name is concerned, the legnanese basilica was originally known as "church of San Magno". On 7 August 1584, on the occasion of the transfer of the provost tax from Parabiago to Legnano, change of location decreed by cardinal Carlo Borromeo, archbishop of Milan, the religious building changed its name to "provost church of San Magno" and the parish priest of Magnus of Milan acquired the title of provost.

The transfer of the provost tax from Parabiago to Legnano (which also led to the creation of the parish church of the same name) was dictated by various reasons: from the greater number of inhabitants of the village of Legnano, to the fact that the church of San Magno was larger than the parabiaghese church of Santi Gervasio and Protasio, by the presence of the hospice of Sant'Erasmo and by the availability, in Legnano, of greater resources, also economic, as well as by the presence in the village of Milan of various ecclesiastical structures, including some convents.

Faced with the displacement of the provost, the Parabiaghsis appealed to the pope, but without success, given the endorsement of the archiepiscopal decree by the Roman Curia, which occurred in 1586. Officially acquired relevance also from the most important ecclesiastical hierarchies, from this century onwards, the legnanese church began to be called, to emphasize the relief, "collegiate church of San Magno".

On March 19, 1950, with a papal bull, Pope Pius XII raised the provost church of San Magno to a Roman minor basilica, from which the modern name descended.

The plan of the basilica

Architecture

The church

The plan of the basilica is typically Renaissance. It no longer follows the typical elongated rectangular shape towards the altar of medieval churches, but has a central octagonal plan that allows a perspective view in all directions. The visitor, in every position, can indeed find perspective angles, foreshortenings and architectural spaces that satisfy the view. In the Middle Ages, however, the perspective was all centered on the high altar.

The Bramantesque churches do not have a main façade around which secondary volumes rotate, but they have a series of symmetries and perspective spaces that have about the same importance and form the whole of the entire structure. The octagonal plan of the basilica of San Magno has a short transept that provides the church with a cross shape. On the corners of the latter there are also four small chapels.

The bell tower
The original bell tower that served the basilica was that of the ancient church of San Salvatore. Not having structural problems, he saved himself from demolition. This bell tower was extended in 1542, while in 1611 it was restructured and strengthened to allow the placement of the bells consecrated by Federico Borromeo, which were larger and heavier. In 1638 another work of strengthening of the tower was carried out. In the middle of the eighteenth century the ancient bell tower collapsed for two thirds, and then on December 2, 1752, work began on the construction of a new bell tower.

As already mentioned, the remains of the old one were transformed into a chapel, which is still visible behind the bell tower of the Basilica of San Magno on the south side of the building, near a covered passage. The design of the new bell tower was the work of Bartolomeo Gazzone. The new bell tower was built with a brick structure that replaced the one in stones of the previous bell tower. The height exceeds 40 meters. Along the walls were provided with pilaster lesene.

The parsonage

On the right side of the basilica there was, until 1967, an ancient 16th century clergy house. This building was enlarged in the seventeenth century by order of Federico Borromeo, and again in the eighteenth century when the new bell tower was built. Already at the end of the nineteenth century part of the structure was demolished. The rest of the buildings, as already mentioned, were demolished in 1967 to allow the construction of the new parish center, which was inaugurated in 1972 by the Archbishop of Milan Giovanni Colombo. The new rectory was manufactured in a modern style.

Artistic works

The facade and the entrance doors

Originally the facade and the other external walls of the basilica were not plastered and presented with exposed bricks. The appearance changed radically in 1914, when the graffiti plasters were made, which covered the terracotta walls that had characterized the basilica for centuries, giving it an "unfinished" appearance: these works were carried out several centuries after construction of the church because the architect who designed it had left no drawings on possible decoration of the walls.

The architects who followed him were therefore not sure about the type of coating to be applied to the walls of the basilica, since they did not know the idea that the original designer had. To this was also added the desire to create high-quality plastering works that should have been up to the recognized architectural and artistic value of the basilica of Legnano: this indecision on the type of decoration to be applied led to the expansion of the times of their execution.

The three bronze entrance doors were built and then donated to the basilica on the occasion of the eighth centenary of the battle of Legnano (1176–1976) thanks to a popular subscription organized by the local Famiglia Legnanese Association, with the participation of the eight contrada that they take part annually in the city Palio di Legnano. The depictions on the panels of the three doors are inspired by the battle of Legnano and the cultural traditions of the city.

The doors were the work of the sculptor Franco Dotti and were blessed on May 30, 1976, by archbishop Giovanni Colombo before the traditional Mass on the copy of the Carroccio, an event that is part of the preparatory program for the historical parade, which ends at the stadio Giovanni Mari and which is followed by the horse race, an event that ends the event. The blessing ceremony of the three doors was particularly solemn, also because it was included in the busy program of celebrations of the eighth centenary of the battle.

The floor, the organ and the choir

The floor, which was made of white, black and red Verona marble, was laid in the 18th century. It has a geometric checkered pattern made with inlay, with the motif under the dome that converges towards the center of the basilica, recalling the lines of the vault and – more generally – the curved profiles of the surrounding vertical walls, which in turn close together in the dome above.

Until the 18th century the entire church was paved with terracotta tiles: this original flooring remained intact only in the chapel of sant'Agnese, which is therefore the only part of the basilica that was not paved with marble, while at the interior of the main chapel, during some works, the remains of the ancient terracotta flooring were found under the marble pavement.

The choirs stalls, which are located inside the main chapel, were built in the  17th century in walnut wood by the Coiro brothers, or by the same carvers who carved the aforementioned small temple with a tabernacle in the sacristy. The choir stalls, which are of fine artistic workmanship, have a Renaissance style.

With the changes that took place in the first part of the 20th century, the ancient stalls of the choir of the basilica lost that austerity that was typical of the Renaissance period. The platform built in the first part of the 20th century, however, concealed part of the frescoes on the walls, in particular the scenes of the Visit of the Magi and the Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth, and therefore in 1968 a new platform was built, this time lower, which solved the problem.

The organ of the basilica was built in 1542 by the Antegnati family thanks to the testamentary bequest of Francesco Lampugnani, who donated 25 liras to the parish of San Magno for the realization of the musical instrument and 16 liras for its positioning. The choir in walnut wood is instead the work of the painter Gersam Turri. It was placed in its current position in 1640 and it was restored on two occasions (one in the 19th century and the other in the 20th century).

The organ of the basilica of San Magno, which is older than the one preserved in the Duomo of Milan, is perhaps the only pipe instrument manufactured by the Antegnati family that has come down to us practically intact. According to many music experts, the organ of the basilica of San Magno is an excellent instrument, above all for the sweetness and sonority of the chords.

The vault of the church

The first decorative work carried out in the basilica was carried out in 1515 by Gian Giacomo Lampugnani, who frescoed the grotesque church vault. Accompanied by the wise internal natural lighting originating from the side openings of the vault, which allow a calibrated luminosity at any time of day, the overall effect is of absolute importance, so much so that even the art historian Eugène Müntz, who defined this decoration "the most beautiful grotesque in Lombardy".

The vault is divided into eight segments within which the large candelabra are frescoed from which branches, starting from the bottom, are unwound. Inside this drawing the windows of the dome open. The painting is then completed with the representation of centaurs, dolphins, eagles, satyrs, sea horses, harpies, winged putti and dragons, whose dominant colors are white and gray in chiaroscuro. The blue of the background was made using a lapis lazuli powder dye.

Just below the dome there is an octagonal tholobate which is frescoed with a softer shade than that of the vault: this is the opposite of what is generally done in the decorations of contemporary churches in the basilica, which are instead characterized by stronger colors in the lower parts and more tenuous in the upper architectural sections. The tholobate is characterized by the presence of twenty-four niches which are internally painted with a gray shade and with a rather dark blue color, which brings out the penumbra originating from the recesses: on the pillars of the drum are represented candelabras, which take up the decoration of the vault.

In 1923 Gersam Turri painted in the spandrels, in the spaces between the major arches and in the capitals, twelve roundels, one in each architectural element, containing the faces as many biblical prophets (from left and right, starting from the arch located at the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament and of the outward, Joel, Daniel, Jonah, Obadiah, Amos, Haggai, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Ezekiel, Micah, Zechariah, and Malachi), which were added to the four prophets previously painted: Jeremiah and Isaiah, which are above the major chapel and which were presumably made by Bernardino Lanino; Solomon and David, painted by the Lampugnani brothers above the arch of the chapel of the Holy Crucifix.

This cycle of paintings was made by Turri inspired by the frescoes in the main chapel, which are the work of Lanino. The pilasters were decorated, again by Gersam Turri in 1923, with candelabra on a blue background: these decorations also resume the frescoing of the vault. The sub-arches are embellished with paintings depicting the Greek. The pilasters, before the frescoes by Gersam Turri, were all decorated with gray stripes and squares: the same gray color was also characteristic of the spandrels then painted in 1923.

The main chapel
The vault and walls of the main chapel were painted by Bernardino Lanino presumably between 1562 and 1564, at the height of his artistic maturity, thanks to the economic contribution of the Lampugnani family. The work of the Lanino consists of eight large frescoes plus two small scenes that are located above the windows: the cycle of paintings was designed to "rotate" around Bernardino Luini's polyptych, which is located in the center of the front wall and which it was created a few decades before this work.

The cross vault is decorated with fruit festoons and pairs of cherubs, which were made with a grotesque style. The dominant color of the vault is golden yellow, which deliberately contrasts with the dark blue of the main dome. The subjects painted on the vault of the chapel have a typically 15th century Lombard style. The upper part of the wall, being located under the cornice, is still, from an architectural point of view, part of the vault of the chapel; it is divided into lunettes, which are all frescoed. The lateral lunettes, which are next to the large windows, depict the four evangelists: those on the left saint Matthew and saint John, while the lunettes on the right are saint Mark and saint Luke. On the lunettes of the frontal wall instead the first four doctors of the Church, namely Ambrose, Augustine of Hippo, Jerome and Pope Gregory I.

The walls under the cornice were also painted. On the wall to the right of the altar are represented the Marriage of the Virgin, the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Adoration of the Shepherds and the Visit of the Magi. The left wall is decorated with the Journey to Nazareth, the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Massacre of the Innocents, the Return to Nazareth and the Dispute. In this last scene there are portraits of Lanino and his helper, who lend their faces to some passers-by[58]. The triumphal arch is instead frescoed with angels in flight and with geometric motifs decorated with fruits. The lapel of the fresco that gives towards the center of the church is instead painted with candelabra of fruit and vegetables, while on the space between the triumphal arch and the pylons of the building there are two roundels that are supported by angels having the face of two prophets.

On the back wall, on the sides of the Luini polyptych, are painted saint Roch and saint Sebastian, while on the entrance pillars are depicted Jesus Christ and saint Magnus. The latter are topped by canopies embellished with purple curtains. Also frontally there are also depictions of the prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah and four putti. This chapel, as a whole, has a great artistic value, especially with regard to the invoice of the painted characters. According to experts, it represents one of Lanino's masterpieces.

Behind the main altar is a polyptych by Bernardino Luini from 1523 depicting the Madonna and Child, seven musician angels and four saints (John the Baptist, saint Peter, Magnus and Ambrose). This work is flanked by God the Father depicted in a tympanum. On the lower predella, inside the small vertical compartments, saint Luke and saint John, the Ecce homo, saint Matthew and saint Mark are depicted in dark light, while in the horizontal sections the Christ nailed is painted, again with the same technique the crucifixion of Jesus, the Pose in the Sepulcher, the Resurrection of Jesus and the supper at Emmaus.

The side chapels

The chapel of Peter of Verona, located near the entrance, was frescoed in 1556 by Evangelista Luini, son of Bernardino. They represented the martyrdom of saint Peter surrounded by God blessing (on the bezel) and some saints (on the pillars). Later these paintings were lost and were rebuilt between the 19th and 20th centuries by Beniamino and Gersam Turri.

The large side chapel on the left is dedicated to the Holy Crucifix. It was frescoed in 1925 with some depictions of biblical scenes. The chapel contains a precious deposed wooden Christ, a crucifix and two papier-mâché statues depicting Our Lady of Sorrows and Mary Magdalene. The frescoes are from 1925. The chapel located on the opposite side, which is called dell'Assumption o dell'Immacolate, houses the aforementioned altarpiece by Giampietrino from 1490 and an 18th-century wooden statue of the Immaculate. The frescoes are from the 17th century and depict the Assumption of Mary and some saints.

The chapel of saint Charles and saint Magnus, which is the third on the left, was instead frescoed in 1924 with the representation of various figures of putti. It contains a relic of saint Magnus and two 17th century paintings depicting saint Charles Borromeo. The stuccos are from the same period. The chapel of the Andito, which is opposite, was not decorated by almost any painting to give an idea of how unadorned the basilica was before the realization of the pictorial works of the early 20th century. The only fresco present is a 17th-century depiction of the Mary, mother of Jesus.

The chapel of the Sacred Heart is instead on the left of the main altar. This chapel has frescoes from 1862 by Mosè Turri and decorations by the same painter that were executed in 1853. There is also a precious 17th century painting depicting the deposition of Christ, which is the work of Giovanni Battista Lampugnani. In the chapel there is also an ancient baptismal font in red marble of the mid-seventeenth century.

The chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, which is dedicated to saint Peter and Paul the Apostle, is instead to the right of the main altar. There are frescoes from 1603 by Giovan Pietro Luini (known as "the Gnocco") depicting the angels and decorations of 1925 by Gersam Turri. The chapel also contains a 17th-century painting by the Lampugnani brothers that depicts the crucifixion of Jesus and a painting of 1940 representing Thérèse of Lisieux.

At the entrance, on the left, there is the chapel of saint Agnes. The two frescoes that decorate it are from the 16th century and are the work of Giangiacomo Lampugnani. One depicts the Madonna with the Child, saint Agnes, saint Ambrose, saint Magnus and saint Ursula, while the other represents the Nativity of Jesus. On the columns are instead depicted saint Jerome and Origen.

See also

 Magnus (bishop of Milan)
 Archdiocese of Milan

Notes

Citations

References

Online references

External links

  Website of the San Magno parish

16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1513
Churches in the metropolitan city of Milan
Renaissance architecture in Lombardy
Basilica churches in Lombardy
1513 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Donato Bramante church buildings
Legnano


title: Service (film)

text:
Service () is a 2008 Filipino independent drama film directed by Brillante Mendoza and stars Gina Pareño as the matriarch of the Pineda family who owns a porn cinema in Angeles City. The film competed for the Palme d'Or in the main competition at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival. It is also the first Filipino film to compete at the main competition in Cannes, since Lino Brocka's Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim in 1984.

Plot
Service is a drama that follows the daily life of the Pineda family in the Philippine city of Angeles. Bigamy, unwanted pregnancy, possible incest and skin diseases are all part of their daily challenges, but the real "star" of the show is an enormous, dilapidated movie theater that is both family business and home. In the past a prestigious place, the theater now features soft core porn and serves as a meeting ground for male & female prostitutes of every conceivable persuasion. The film captures the sordid, decaying atmosphere, interweaving various family drama with the comings and goings of customers, thieves and even a runaway farm animal while enveloping the viewer in a cacophony of city sound, noise and continuous pumping motion.

Cast
Gina Pareño as Nanay Flor
Jaclyn Jose as Nayda
Julio Diaz as Lando
Kristoffer King as Ronald
Mercedes Cabral as Merly
Coco Martin as Alan
Dan Alvaro as Jerome

Brillante Mendoza recounted how difficult it was to find the actress for the role of Merly, partly because of the scene in which she had to have real penetrative sex on camera: "I couldn't think of a young actress from mainstream movies who can do what the role required, so I held an audition for the role of Merly. I wanted someone who's not interested in becoming a "movie star," I wanted a real artist who can give justice to the role, and I saw that in Mercedes Cabral. The first thing I asked is if she would trust me to shoot this somewhat graphic love scene with Coco. She said it wasn't a problem."

Production
Brillante Mendoza said the scene in which Jewel (played by teenage actress Roxanne Jordan), is naked in front of a mirror, wasn't in the script.

The film was shot in just 12 days.

Release

Box office

Critical response
Service caused a stir in the Philippines with its loud ambient noise and its graphic depiction of sex and nudity. Submitted to the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board for public exhibition in 2008, the movie survived with two major cuts to sex scenes and was rated an R18.

Such was the advance international buzz of the film that it was invited to compete at the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival, being the 3rd overall entry from the Philippines (following the films of director Lino Brocka, Jaguar and Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim). Its premiere at the festival was marked by the walking out of several veteran film critics who protested Mendoza's version of "misery porn."

On 30 January 2009, the film premiered in New York. Writing for The New York Times, its chief film critic Manohla Dargis described the film: "The heavenly bodies that populate our films bring their own pleasures ... alighting onscreen as if from a dream. But the bodies in [‘Serbis’], which received little love at the 2008 Cannes, are not heaven-sent, but neither are they puppets in a contrived nightmare. Rather, they lust, sweat, desire and struggle with the ferocious truth." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave Service two and a half out of four stars, stating that "[i]f you see only one art film this month, this shouldn't be the one. If you see one every week, you might admire it."

Accolades

References

External links

Film Review: 'Serbis' in Hollywood Reporter
Mixed Reviews of Serbis in Cannes
New York Times film review accessed on 31 January 2009

2008 drama films
2008 films
Filipino-language films
Films directed by Brillante Mendoza
Philippine drama films
Erotic drama films


title: John Witte

text:
John August Witte (January 29, 1933 – March 17, 1993) was an American football tackle who played one season with the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the ninth round of the 1955 NFL Draft.

Early life
Witte played college football at Oregon State University and attended Klamath Union High School in Klamath Falls, Oregon. He was a Consensus All-American in 1956. Witte was also a wrestler at Oregon State and finished second at
the NCAA Championships as a freshman. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War and became a corporal.

After football
After his football career, Witte had a brief career as a professional wrestler before moving into a career in education. He taught high school and coached football, including 24 years at Jefferson High School, where he served 17 years as dean of students.  He died of leukemia in Portland in 1993. He was inducted to the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Oregon State Athletics Hall of Fame in 1991.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1933 births
1993 deaths
Players of American football from Oregon
American football tackles
American players of Canadian football
Oregon State Beavers football players
Oregon State Beavers wrestlers
Deaths from leukemia
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
All-American college football players
United States Army non-commissioned officers
People from Klamath Falls, Oregon
American military personnel of the Korean War
Wrestlers from Oregon


title: Ronan (footballer, born 1995)

text:
Ronan David Jerônimo (born 22 April 1995), or simply Ronan, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Seoul E-Land FC.

Career
Born in Piraúba, in the Minas Gerais state, Ronan was discovered by former professional footballer Filipe Alvim to 11 years old, being taken to the Fluminense's academy, where he remained until 2012. This year, he was loaned to Parma, but trading for its outright purchase failed and he returned from Italy after six months in the club.

In September 2013, Ronan was again loaned, this time going to the Grêmio until January 2015. He joined the under-19s team of the club's academy. In August 2014, Ronan made his debut for the first team squad of Grêmio, entering in the final minutes of 2–0 home won against Criciúma in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

On 14th January 2023, Ronan joined Seoul E-Land FC of South Korean K League 2.

Career statistics

References

External links
 Ronan profile. Portal Oficial do Grêmio.

1995 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
K League 2 players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
Primeira Liga players
A.D. Sanjoanense players
Rio Ave F.C. players
Varzim S.C. players
C.D. Tondela players
Seoul E-Land FC players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Footballers from Minas Gerais


title: Kim Yu-mi

text:
Kim Yu-mi may refer to:

 Yumi Kim, a women's clothing brand
 Yumi Hogan (born 1959), First Lady of Maryland
 Kim Yoo-mi (actress) (born 1980), South Korean actress
 Kim Yu-mi (beauty pageant titleholder) (born 1990), South Korean beauty pageant titleholder and actress
 Kim Yu-mi (footballer) (born 1979), South Korean footballer


title: Pie Island (disambiguation)

text:
Pie Island is an island in Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada.

Pie Island may also refer to:
Eel Pie Island, an island in the River Thames, London
2Pie Island, an album by the British electronica group 2 Bit Pie


title: Hydrogenotroph

text:
Hydrogenotrophs are organisms that are able to metabolize molecular hydrogen as a source of energy.

An example of hydrogenotrophy is performed by carbon dioxide-reducing organisms which use CO2 and H2 to produce methane (CH4) by the following reaction:

CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O

Other hydrogenotrophic metabolic pathways include acetogenesis, sulfate reduction, and other hydrogen oxidizing bacteria. Those that metabolize methane are called methanogenic. Hydrogenotrophs belong to a group of organisms known as methanogens, organisms that carry out anaerobic processes that are responsible for the production of methane through carbon dioxide reduction. Methanogens also include a group of organisms called methylotrophs, organisms that can use single-carbon molecules or molecules with no carbon-carbon bonds.

Background Information
Hydrogenotrophic bacteria were first experimented with by NASA in the 1960s in order to find a replenishable food source. Hydrogenotrophic bacteria have been found to have a high protein and carbohydrate content and have been a guiding principle in developing sustainable agricultural methods. Experimentation has revealed that hydrogenotrophic bacteria can convert carbon dioxide into food more rapidly than plants, making them an efficient and sustainable alternative to implement into plant-based high-protein diets and as a substitute in products that use plant extracts and oils.

Hydrogenotrophs are commonly found in the human gut, along with other fermentative bacteria which live in symbiosis with one another. They are also found in soils and in sediments of freshwater and marine ecosystems around the world.

See also
Single cell protein

References

Environmental microbiology
Prokaryotes


title: Weighted automaton

text:
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a weighted automaton or weighted finite-state machine is a generalization of a finite-state machine in which the edges have weights, for example real numbers or integers. Finite-state machines are only capable of answering decision problems; they take as input a string and produce a Boolean output, i.e. either "accept" or "reject". In contrast, weighted automata produce a quantitative output, for example a count of how many answers are possible on a given input string, or a probability of how likely the input string is according to a probability distribution. They are one of the simplest studied models of quantitative automata.

The definition of a weighted automaton is generally given over an arbitrary semiring , an abstract set with an addition operation  and a multiplication operation . The automaton consists of a finite set of states, a finite input alphabet of characters  and edges which are labeled with both a character in  and a weight in . The weight of any path in the automaton is defined to be the product of weights along the path, and the weight of a string is the sum of the weights of all paths which are labeled with that string. The weighted automaton thus defines a function from  to .

Weighted automata generalize deterministic finite automata (DFAs) and nondeterministic finite automata (NFAs), which correspond to weighted automata over the Boolean semiring, where addition is logical disjunction and multiplication is logical conjunction. In the DFA case, there is only one accepting path for any input string, so disjunction is not applied. When the weights are real numbers and the outgoing weights for each state add to one, weighted automata can be considered a probabilistic model and are also known as probabilistic automata. These machines define a probability distribution over all strings, and are related to other probabilistic models such as Markov decision processes and Markov chains.

Weighted automata have applications in natural language processing where they are used to assign weights to words and sentences, as well as in image compression. They were first introduced by Marcel-Paul Schützenberger in his 1961 paper On the definition of a family of automata. Since their introduction, many extensions have been proposed, for example nested weighted automata, cost register automata, and weighted finite-state transducers. Researchers have studied weighted automata from the perspective of learning a machine from its input-output behavior (see computational learning theory) and studying decidability questions.

Definition

A commutative semiring (or rig) is a set R equipped with two distinguished elements  and addition and multiplication operations  and  such that  is commutative and associative with identity ,  is commutative and associative with identity ,  distributes over , and 0 is an absorbing element for .

A weighted automaton over  is a tuple  where:
  is a finite set of states.
  is a finite alphabet.
  is a finite set of transitions , where  is called a character and  is called a weight.
  is an initial weight function.
  is a final weight function.

A path on input  is a finite path in the graph, where the concatenation of the character labels equals . The weight of the path  is the product () of the weights along the path, additionally multiplied by the initial and final weights . The weight of the word  is the sum () of the weights of all paths on input  (or 0 if there are no accepting paths). In this way the machine defines a function .

The underlying NFA of  is an NFA formed by removing all transitions with weight  and then erasing all of the weights on the transitions , so that the new transition set lies in . The initial states and final states are the set of states  such that  and , respectively.

Variations

 A weighted automaton is deterministic if the underlying NFA is deterministic and unambiguous if the underlying NFA is unambiguous. In these cases, there is always exactly one accepting path, so the  operation is never applied and can be omitted from the definition.

 It is possible to extend the definition to allow epsilon transitions , where  is the empty string. In this case, one must then require that there are no cycles of epsilon transitions. This does not increase the expressiveness of weighted automata. If epsilon transitions are allowed, the initial weights and final weights can be replaced by initial and final sets of states without loss of expressiveness.

 The transition function can be given as a matrix  with entries in  for each , rather than a set of transitions. The entry of the matrix at  is the sum of all transitions labeled .

 Some authors omit the initial and final weight functions  and . Instead,  and  are replaced by a set of initial and final states. If epsilon transitions are not present, this technically decreases expressiveness as it forces  to depend only on the number of states that are both initial and final.

 Some authors restrict to specific semirings, such as  or , particularly when studying decidability results.

 The requirement that there is a zero element for  is sometimes omitted; in this case the machine defines a partial function from  to  rather than a total function.

See also

References

Finite automata


title: Ofelya Hambardzumyan

text:
Ofelya Karapeti Hambardzumyan (, January 9, 1925 – June 13, 2016) was an Armenian folk singer.

Biography
She was born in Yerevan, Armenia SSR on January 9, 1925. From a young age, she was recognized for her beautiful voice. She underwent vocal training at Romanos Melikyan Musical College. In 1944, she became a solo-singer for the Ensemble of Folk Instruments of the Radio of Armenia, where she dedicated her efforts to the ensemble headed by .

Her repertoire included classical Armenian music, ashughakan music, and folk songs. She was especially recognized for her interpretations of ashugh Sayat-Nova's songs, such as "Յարէն էրուած իմ Yaren ervac im", "Յիս կանչում եմ լալանին Yis kanchum em lalanin", and others. She also performed the music of Fahrad, Jivani, Sheram. In addition, she performed the songs of her contemporary ashughs, , , and ; she was often the first performer of these songs.

Ofelya Hambardzumyan died on June 13, 2016, in Yerevan.

Awards
 People's Artist of Armenian SSR (1959)
 Mesrop Mashtots Medal for significant contribution to the art of Armenian song

References

External links

1925 births
2016 deaths
20th-century Armenian women singers
Musicians from Yerevan
People's Artists of Armenia
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Armenian folk singers
Burials at the Komitas Pantheon


title: Dictyotenguna angusta

text:
Dictyotenguna angusta is a species of planthopper native to Guangxi, China.  General coloration is green.  Males measure 14.6 millimeters long with 11.5 millimeter forewings, and females measure 17.3 millimeters long with 14.1 millimeter wings.  The name is derived from Greek angusta, meaning "narrow" or "slender".

References

Insects of China
Insects described in 2014
Dictyopharinae


title: M. J. Radhakrishnan

text:
M. J. Radhakrishnan (1957/1958 – 12 July 2019) was an Indian cinematographer working mainly in Malayalam films. He got National film award 2018 as best cinematographer for his work on Malayalam movie Oolu. He won Kerala State Award for Best Cinematography 7 times (the most), equal with Mankada Ravi Varma. Earlier he worked as a still photographer and then as an associate to cinematographer turned director Shaji N. Karun. His important works included Deshadanam (1996), Karunam (1999)  Naalu Pennungal (2007), Veettilekkulla Vazhi (2010) and Akasathinte Niram (Color of Sky; 2012). His films were screened at several prominent film festivals around the world including Cannes, Shanghai, Cairo, Montreal, Telluride, Jeonju, Toronto, Chicago, Rhode Island and Rotterdam. One of his works, Marana Simhasanam (English: "Throne of Death", French: "Le Trone de la mort", 1999), won Caméra d'Or (Golden Camera Award) in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Another film Veyilmarangal (Trees under the sun) won Golden Goblet award for Outstanding Artistic achievement at Shanghai International Film Festival 2019.  He worked on over 117 feature films and several documentaries and worked with some of the prominent Indian filmmakers including Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Murali Nair, Shaji N. Karun, TV Chandran, Dr. Biju, Jayaraj and Renjith. He mostly worked on arthouse films and was known for his natural lighting styles. In a career spanning more than two decades, he worked with a number of young film makers, mostly in their maiden ventures. Film Kalamandalam Hyderali 2019, directed by Kiran G. Nath was his last completed work as director of photography.

Early life
M. J. Radhakrishnan was born in Tholicode, Punalur located in Kollam district, Kerala. MJR was very passionate about photography in his teenage days.

Career
M. J. Radhakrishnan began his career as a still photographer. He worked as a still photographer on some films for which Shaji N Karun was the cinematographer. Then he started working as an associate cinematographer under Shaji N Karun, who was a major influence in his life. His first independent work as a cinematographer was Maamalakalkkapurathu (1988), directed by Ali Akbar. Film Kalamandalam Hyderali 2019, directed by Kiran G. Nath was his last completed work as director of photography.

Selected filmography
 1988 Mamalakalkkappurathu
 1996 Oru Neenda Yathra
 1996 Desadanam
 1997 Kaliyattam
 1997 Raajathanthram
 1999 Marana Simhasanam
 1999 Karunam
 2001 Pattiyude Divasam
 2001 Theerthadanam
 2002 Kannaki
 2003 Parinamam
 2003 Ek Alag Mausam
 2003 Sthithi
 2004 The Journey
 2004 Koottu
 2005 Makalkku
 2006 Pulijanmam
 2007 Thakarachenda
 2007 Naalu Pennungal
 2007 Ottakkayyan
 2008 Gulmohar
 2008 Oru Pennum Randaanum
 2008 Thirakkatha
 2008 Vilapangalkkappuram
 2009 Samayam
 2009 Dr. Patient
 2009 Orkkuka Vallappozhum
 2009 Kerala Cafe (segment "Happy Journey")
 2009 Madhyavenal
 2010 Nirakazhcha
 2010  Punyam Aham
 2010 Veettilekkulla Vazhi
 2011 Orma Mathram
 2011 Sengadal
 2011 Akasathinte Niram
 2013 Papilio Buddha
 2014 Perariyathavar
 2015 Birds With Large Wings
 2015 Ottaal
 2016 Pinneyum
 2016 Kaadu Pookkunna Neram
 2016 Shaanu
 2017 Painting Life
 2017   Viswasapoorvam Mansoor
 2018 Oolu
 2018 A for Apple
 2018 Appuvinte Sathyanweshanam
 2019 Netaji
 2019  Veyilmarangal (Trees under the sun)
 2019  Makudi
 2019  Kalamandalam Hyderali
 2019  Ashtamudi Couples
 2019  A for Apple

Awards

Kerala State Film Awards
 1996: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Deshadanam
 1999: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Karunam
 2007: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Adayalangal, Ottakkayyan
 2008: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Bioscope
 2010: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Veettilekkulla Vazhi
 2011: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Akasathinte Niram
 2016: Kerala State Film Award for Best Photography - Kaadu Pookkunna Neram

National Film Awards
 2018: National Film Award for Best Cinematography - Olu

Kerala State Television Awards
 2014 : Best Cinematographer - Thamaranoolu

International awards
2008:South Asian International Film Festival-Best Cinematographer - Bioscope
2011:Zanzibar International Film Festival-SIGNIS Award for Cinematography - Veettilekkulla Vazhi
2013:Oaxaca FilmFest-Global Feature Section- Outstanding achievement in Cinematography/Mención honorífica mejor fotografía - Papilio Buddha
2015:Kazan International Film Festival, Russia -Best Cinematographer - Perariyathavar
2016:Indian International film festival Queensland, Australia -Best Cinematographer - Valiya Chirakulla Pakshikal
2017:Indian International film festival Queensland, Australia -Best Cinematographer - Sound of Silence (2017 film)
2017: Cincinnati Indian International film festival, Ohio, USA -Best Cinematographer - Painting Life 2019

References

External links

PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List

1950s births
2019 deaths
Year of birth missing
Kerala State Film Award winners
Malayalam film cinematographers
People from Kollam district
Cinematographers from Kerala
21st-century Indian photographers
Best Cinematography National Film Award winners


title: 2012 Torneo Apertura (Chile)

text:
The 2012 Campeonato Nacional Apertura Petrobras was the Chilean football top tier’s 90th season. Universidad de Chile was the tournament's champion, after beating O'Higgins on penalties, in the finals.

Regular season

Standings

Results

Playoff stage

Quarterfinals
In the quarterfinals, the 1 seed play the 8 seed, the 2 seed play the 7 seed, the 3 seed play the 6 seed, and the 4 seed play the 5 seed.

Semifinals
In the semifinals, the highest seed play the lowest seed, and the second-highest seed play the second-lowest seed.

Universidad de Chile won 4–2 on aggregate.

2–2 on aggregate. O'Higgins won on away goals rule.

Finals

3–3 on aggregate. Universidad de Chile won on penalties.

Top goalscorers

External links
ANFP
2012 Torneo Apertura at Soccerway
Season regulations

Primera División de Chile seasons
Chile
Prim


title: 2012 Torneo Clausura (Chile)

text:
The 2012 Campeonato Nacional Clausura Petrobras was the 91st season of the Chilean Primera División. The champions was Huachipato which won its 2nd league title, 38 years after winning their first one.

Regular season

Standings

Results

Playoff stage

Quarterfinals

Colo-Colo won 6–5 on aggregate.

Unión Española won 4–1 on aggregate.

Huachipato won 3–2 on aggregate.

Rangers won 2–0 on aggregate.

Semifinals

Unión Española won 5–1 on aggregate.

Huachipato won 2–1 on aggregate.

Finals

4–4 on aggregate. Huachipato won 3–2 on penalties.

Aggregate table

Relegation/promotion playoffs

Everton won 4–1 on aggregate and is promoted to Primera División. Universidad de Concepción is relegated to Primera B.

Cobresal won 4–3 on aggregate and therefore both clubs remain in their respective leagues.

References

External links
ANFP
2012 Torneo Clausura at Soccerway
Season regulations

Primera División de Chile seasons
Chile
Prim


title: Vincenzo Bracco

text:
Giovanni Vincenzo Bracco (14 September 1835 – 19 June 1889) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1873 to his death in 1889.

Biography

John Vincent Bracco studied in Porto Maurizio and entered at the Alberga Seminary in 1854 to prepare to the priesthood. In 1855 he entered at Brignole Sale College at Genoa. On 18 June 1859 he received the ordination. In 1860 Bracco came as a missionary to Jerusalem. He taught philosophy and was from 1862 until his death rector of the seminary in Jerusalem.

Pope Pius IX appointed Vincenzo Bracco in 1866 Titular Bishop of Magydus and ordered him to Auxiliary bishop in Jerusalem. His episcopal ordination was given to him on 13 May 1866 by reigning patriarch Giuseppe Valerga, and his co-consecrators were the Vicar Apostolic of Galla and later Cardinal Guglielmo Massaia, OFM Cap, and an Armenian bishop. He was also beside his episcopate a Vicar general.

In 1866 Pius IX appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem, the only Roman Catholic Patriarch in the East.

From 1873 until his death in 1889, he was Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

He died of pneumonia and was buried in the church of the Patriarchate, as was his predecessor Valerga.

References

External links
 http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbracco.html

1835 births
1889 deaths
Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops


title: Noyale

text:
Saint Noyale (), also known as Noaluen, was a semi-legendary 5th-century Celtic saint and virgin martyr. She is a popular saint in both Brittany and Cornwall, where she is memorialized at Newlyn East. According to legend, it is there that a fig tree growing from the south wall of the church grew from Noyale's staff. A holy well nearby was the site of her martyrdom. She was one of numerous Celtic settlers who travelled to Brittany during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of England.

Name
Noyale is also known as Noyala of Brittany, Noyala the White, Noaluen, Nolwenn, Newlyn, Neulina, or Newlina.

Origins
According to the earlier hagiographers, Noyale was English and Irish, the daughter of a British king. Modern scholarship now suspects her to have been one of the numerous Welsh settlers who travelled to Brittany.

Legend
Her legend is typical of the 5th-century cephalophore saints. When her father, an English king, wanted to marry her; she fled to Brittany. She and her nurse sailed to the region around Vannes in France, or Beignan where a local lord also wanted to marry her. She refused him and in a rage he beheaded her. The legend then states that the beheaded saint picked up her head, and led by her maid, returned to England.

"According to the popular belief in Brittany, unsupported by any evidence, Noyale or Noaluen was a maiden, who floated over to Brittany with her nurse on the leaf of a tree. She was decapitated at Beignan, and walked to Pontivy holding her head in her hands. The chapel dedicated to her at Pontivy was remarkable in the 18th cent. for several interesting paintings on gold grounds representing this fanciful story."

Legacy
She is the patron saint of St Newlyn East in Cornwall, and a church building there bears her name. A feast day is celebrated on 27 April. She is also revered as a Pre-Schism Western Saint of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Her feast day is July 6.

A small stone image of her carrying her own head was unearthed in the churchyard at Newlyn East.

Reference to her is made in Ali Smith's novel, Winter.

See also

 Saint Winifred
 Saint Eluned

References

Year of birth unknown
Year of death missing
5th-century births
6th-century Christian saints
Cephalophores
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
Medieval Breton saints
Medieval Cornish saints
Virgin martyrs


title: Parkinson's Association

text:
The Parkinson's Association is a Southern California mental health care service organization, supports Parkinson's research and is a not-for-profit organization.  The Parkinson's Association helps people with Parkinson's disease navigate the symptoms of Parkinson's through medical support programs, education, research, awareness and support. Parkinson's families are treated through managing the symptoms.

History
The organization was known as the Parkinson's Association of San Diego until it expanded into the greater Los Angeles Area.  It re-branded in 2013 to become the Parkinson's Association, expanding services to all of Southern California.

The Parkinson's Association offered programs and services to assist Parkinson's patients, their family members, and care partners.  Parkinson's support groups are positioned throughout San Diego, Orange and Los Angeles Counties. This is a Southern California-based information and referral center, while conducting community based symposiums, workshops and services. The Parkinson's Association serves local communities with innovative health care programs including Minds and Motion Health Services. These services include direct programs to help Parkinson's families with counseling, physical and voice therapies.

The national Parkinson's magazine, Parkinsonian.org, was established in 2013. Over 38,000 subscribers, including 17,000 medical professionals across the United States, read news articles, scientific findings and health and fitness tips for families living with Parkinson's disease.

The Parkinson's Association research scientists collaborate with other research organizations on Parkinson's-specific stem cell research and disease progression projects. The stem cell research uses patients' DNA through skin fibroblasts and converts them to stem cells, then to dopamine-producing neurons. Upon approval by the FDA, these cells are intended to be implanted in patients, replacing lost neurons. The disease progression studies are based on tracking cognitive behavior therapies and mental health counseling to track changes as the patients age. Jerry Henberger retired as the executive director in June 2015. Lisa Fine assumed leadership of the organization as the executive director. In November 2016, the organization downsized and is run mostly by activists, volunteers and the board of directors. The annual Walk for Parkinson's is one of the largest Parkinson's non profit events on the west coast of California.

Support groups
The Parkinson's Association provides local support groups throughout Southern California, including San Diego, Los Angeles and Orange County.

Minds and Motion Health Services
The Parkinson's Association provides trained mental health specialists to help families deal with issues such as depression, anxiety, marital problems, loss and thoughts of suicide.   Depression and anxiety are among the common mental health complaints of both people with Parkinson's and their families. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help patients learn to live better by teaching techniques that can help patients live better.

Minds and Motion counseling and mental health services include:

 Individual Counseling: These sessions provide a private and confidential environment for discussion of issues that may be difficult to discuss with doctors, loved ones, or even in support groups.  Therapists will help clients to express, understand and explore non-motor symptoms, as well as learn effective, research based strategies for managing these symptoms in order to live a happier, healthier life, both mentally and physically.
 Family Counseling: Couples and families face unique problems and these sessions provide a safe and comfortable space for couples and/or families to discuss interpersonal issues.  Sessions are aimed at understanding how family dynamics impact psychological health and developing tools to strengthen family relationships.
 Group Counseling. Group counseling sessions will encompass a variety of topics and will consist of processing difficult feelings that may arise.  Examples of topics include avoiding caregiver burnout, managing conflict, dealing with grief and loss in everyday life, managing anxiety and overcoming depression.

External links

 The Parkinson's Association Parkinsonian.org Magazine

Non-profit organizations based in California
Organizations established in 1983
Parkinson's disease


title: Jalumi War

text:
The Jalumi War, also called the Battle of Ikirun, was a battle that took place on 1 November 1878 in the north east of present-day Osun State, Nigeria.
It was part of the larger conflict named the Ibadan War.
The forces of Ibadan victorious in detail over a force of rebellious Yorubas including soldiers from Ilorin, Ekiti, Ila and Ijesha.
Despite the victory, fighting continued in the years that followed until the Ilorins were finally defeated in 1897.

Background

The Jalumi War took place in the hilly country of the northeast of Osun State in the area that includes Ikirun, Iba, Inisa, Mesin Ipole (the present Imesi-ile), Okuku and Eko-Ende.
It was one of the series of civil wars in Yorubaland between 1793 and 1893.

In June 1878, word came to Ibadan that the Ilorins had joined the Ekitis and Ilas in the alliance against them.
The Ekitis and Ila, now joined by the Ijeshas, laid siege to Ikirun. The Emir of Ilorin sent his forces, led by Ajia, to join his allies around Ikurin.
They suffered a setback at Otan, but were reinforced and joined the siege.
When news reached Ibadan they were unable to send help until their army returned on 14 October 1878 from an expedition to Meko.
The Balogun Ogboriefon was told to march to the aid of Ikirun with five days.

It was the peak of the rainy season, and many Ibadan soldiers drowned crossing the Oba and Osun rivers.
The Balogun had to share command with the Osi Ilori, a jealous and incompetent man.
On 30 October 1878, the Ikiruns had been pressed back and fought within their town walls.
The Balogun of Ibadan entered the town the next day with his relief force.
The attacking forces at this time were in three groups.
The Ilorins under Ajia were to the northeast, near the Ikirun farms.
The Ilas under Prince Adeyale and the Ekitis under Fabunmi were camped together nearby.
The Ijeshas were to the east, led by Ayimoro and Ogunmodede, encamped in the small town of Iba.

Battle

On 1 November 1878, the three besieging forces advanced against Ikirun.
The Balogun left the Osi Ilori and his followers with the Ikiruns to fight the Ilorins, Ekitis and Ilas, while he took his soldiers to fight the Ijeshas.
The first group was defeated, their leader the Osi Ilori was taken alive, and the rest retreated to Ikirun.
When the Balogun heard of the failure, he did not panic, but through clever maneuvers defeated and ruthlessly destroyed the Ijeshas.
He then returned, defeated the Ilorins and drove them out of their camp, but not before they had killed the Osi.
He then defeated the demoralized Ekitis and Ilas. The victory was complete.

The people of Ofa heard that the Ilorins were in retreat, and cut the bridge across the Otin River in their rear.
The Ilorins were pushed into the flooded river by the victorious Ibadans, and thousands of men, women and horses drowned.
Jalumi means "drown in the river". The battle is so named because of the drowning of the forces of Ilorin.

War charms were used by both sides in the Ibadan war, and some thought that the Muslim charms were more powerful than the traditional Yoruba ones.
According to a verbal report given one hundred years later, an actor named Ojelade from Inisha who lived in Okuku impressed the Balogun of Ibadan with his magical powers. He and his troupe were asked to help the Ibadan forces against the rebels. It is said that Ojelade disguised himself as a white man, which made the enemy flee since "they could not fight the ghost of a white man." The members of the troupe could not be hurt. They stretched out their arms, and the bullets were caught in their clothes and fell to the ground, where they were collected and shot back at the enemy. Through these and other actions the troupe helped with the victory. A war cannon monument marking the end of the war is located at the Odo Otin River bank, Inisa, Odo Otin LGA till today.

Aftermath
Despite the Ibadan victory, the Ijebu refused to ally with them and the Egba would not give them passage to the coast. The Ekiti formed a military confederation called the Ekiti Parapo commanded by the Ogedengbe of Ilesha, and formed a tighter alliance with the Ijesha. The Ibadan found themselves fighting on three fronts.
Okuku, which had been under the control of Ilorin, now came within the control of Ibadan, which posted a representative to the town.
However the region continued to be harried by the Ilorins. This continued after the British had negotiated peace in 1893, and ended only after the British Captain Bower destroyed the main Ilorin army near Otan using rockets in 1896. Ilorin itself fell the next year.

References
Citations

Sources

Yoruba history
Battles involving Nigeria
Conflicts in 1878
1878 in Africa
1878 in Nigeria
Military history of Nigeria
19th-century battles


title: Cope's arboreal alligator lizard

text:
Cope's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia aurita) is a species of lizard found in two isolated locations in Guatemala, one in the Alta Verapaz Department and one in the Jalapa Department. These lizard are found only in high altitudes of 2,000 to 2,600 feet above sea level, on the west and south sides of the mountain ranges. This lizard is one of 28 species of alligator lizards, most being arboreal, meaning they live in trees. These omnivores are considered endangered because of their small population size and they face extinction due to habitat degradation and from pressures of the pet trade.

Distribution and habitat
Cope's arboreal alligator lizard, also known as Abronia aurita, is a species of alligator lizard found only in roughly 400 square kilometers of Guatemala. Specifically, the only suitable habitat for this species is between 2,000 and 2,600 feet above sea level on the west and south sides of Sierra de Xucaneb in the Department of Alta Verapaz. These species are considered arboreal, meaning they live in trees. They prefer to make their homes in the trunks of decaying, large trees, found in Oak or Pine forests. High tree density is considered optimal for these creatures as this ensures adequate habitat opportunities and resource abundance. Trees that are covered with growth such as mosses, ferns or bromeliads serve as their main habitat source as these additions contribute toward important factors in insulation and moisture control.

Physical characteristics
Typical snout to vent length will fall within the range of 7.8 to 18.4 cm, with the length of the tail being roughly twice as long as the body. These creatures are covered with scales, the scales located on their stomach being slightly keeled while the other scales on their body remain flat. They have a general green color around their body but shades vary due to environmental variation and season. All alligator lizards have yellow eyes, with a long, slender, forked tongue. A. aurita can be distinguished from other similar alligator lizards by having a slightly more pale green color on their scales, accompanied by black molting around the edges. One way you can tell the difference between the male and the female are by head shape, the male will sometimes have a slightly broader head than the female. In addition, adult males can be distinguished as having orange coloration on the posterior third portion of the scales on the dorsal side of their head. However, most of these distinctions are only noticed by a professional and it can be tricky for amateurs to tell the two sexes apart.

Behavior
This lizard is usually slow moving, but it is typical for them to drop to the ground when disturbed, followed by them quickly escaping to a safe environment if they feel threatened. Although they can survive in temperatures that range as far as 40 to 90  ̊F, they will move considerably slower when their environment is below 50  ̊F. In these colder temperatures, these lizards will also den together in rotten tree trunks and under moss to conserve warmth and energy. They will be most active when temperatures lie in the range of 75 to 80  ̊F and will often be seen sunbathing and searching for food in the hours of late morning. A. aurita have also reported to be calm in captivity, if properly cared for. They can also be prone to biting if handled aggressively or not fed at regular intervals. If their containment is kept outside of their optimal temperature zone, they will often hide in their artificial shelters, trying to conserve energy or hide from the light.

Diet
A. aurita are primarily omnivores, but can live on either insects or plants for long periods of time. In times of optimal conditions, they will often prefer to forage for abundant insects such as crickets and grasshoppers as well as other invertebrates such as caterpillars, snails, spiders and mealworms. In addition, alligator lizards also rely on eating bromeliads, which serve as a vital source of energy when insect abundance depletes. Because of this, presence of bromeliads growing on and around their habitat is an important factor when determining their immediate habitat location.

Reproduction and lifecycle
It typically takes Cope's arboreal alligator lizards until the second reproductive season for them to be large and sexually mature enough to reproduce. These lizards are viviparous (they do not lay eggs like many other reptiles), but will give birth to live pups. The mating ritual of this alligator lizard is similar to other lizards, which will begin with the male lizard biting the head of the female in a display of his strength and fitness for mating. They will remain in this position until the female succumbs to the male and allows him to mate with her. This embrace could last for several hours. Each female will only give birth to one litter per year, of between 7 and 14 babies per litter. The breeding season for this species can be as broad as July to November with the newborns being delivered between the months of March to July. The gestation period for this lizard is between 6 and 8 months, during which time the female will gain weight and develop what is known as “chalk sacs” on her jowls as a calcium supply. After birth, she does not provide any postnatal care to her young. Once born, these lizards do not need to rely on a limited diet, but can begin consuming the same material as their adult counterparts.

Threats
The major threat to biodiversity for the Cope's arboreal alligator lizard is determined by the IUCN Red List to be the destruction of their habitat. Degradation and fragmentation of their suitable habitat has occurred as a side effect from construction, agricultural formation, and coal mining, as these activities require deforestation in these areas. These lizards are also frequently used in the pet trade, taking them from their native habitats and distributing them around the globe, which also depletes their native population sizes. Their native geographic range in Guatemala is not currently under protection for conservation or restoration efforts.

References

Abronia
Reptiles of Guatemala
Reptiles described in 1869
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope


title: Oakdale Manor

text:
Oakdale is a historic plantation located in Daisy, (Woodbine) Howard County, Maryland, former home of Maryland Governor Edwin Warfield.

Oakdale resides on a land grant surveyed by William Shipley in Feb 16, 1765 named "Fredericks Burgh". The land was patented in March 1765 by Henry Griffith and repatented as "Addition to Part of Fredericks Borough" Oakdale was built in 1838 by Albert Galltin Warfield, great grandson of Captain Benjamin Warfield of Cherry Grove and his wife Margret Gassaway Watkins. In 1891 Edwin Warfield moved to the 265 acre Oakdale Manor after the death of his father and expanded the building to over twenty rooms. The property includes a pre-1838 log slave quarters, tenant house, carriage house, smokehouse, barn, and an Octagon glass greenhouse. Oakdale was the site of the reunion of Company A of the Confederate States of America which he served. In 1904, Warfield became governor of Maryland. The Governor hosted troops under the command of his appointee, Adjutant-General of the Maryland National Guard Clinton L. Riggs at Oakdale in 1907. Warfield's grandson Edwin Warfield III sold the manor in the mid-1970s

The Manor was subdivided to 54 acres and acquired by James F Jackson III who conducted a restoration in 1974. The house was purchased by Ted Mariani in 1980 who expanded the property with a solarium. In 2014 he announced plans to convert the farm use from winter wheat, soybean, corn and timothy crops to a class II winery and agritourism location for events up to 150 persons.  The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 2014.

See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Daisy, Maryland
Sunnyside (Woodbine, Maryland)
Hobson's Choice (Woodbine, Maryland)
National Register of Historic Places listings in Howard County, Maryland

References

External links
, including undated photo, at Maryland Historical Trust

Howard County, Maryland landmarks
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1838
Houses in Howard County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Howard County, Maryland
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
Plantation houses in Maryland


title: Don Vaughan (ice hockey)

text:
Don Vaughan is a Canadian ice hockey retired coach and player. Vaughan had been the head coach at Colgate from 1992 through 2023 and is the programs leader in wins, losses, ties and tenure.

Career
Vaughan began his college career at Canton College, playing for the hockey team for one season before transferring to the cross-town St. Lawrence University, a private university. More importantly Vaughan was now playing for a Division I program. Under Mike McShane Vaughan put up respectable numbers in his three seasons as the Saints posted winning records each year and made the 1983 NCAA Tournament, falling to eventual champion Wisconsin in the quarterfinals.

After graduating with a degree in economics Vaughan headed to Europe to serve as the player-coach for the Enschede Lions, an ice hockey club in the Netherlands.

In 1991 long-time Colgate coach Terry Slater died suddenly and, after the season was finished under Brian Durocher, Vaughan was picked to replace him. The initial seasons were a bit lacking but Vaughan built the program back to its winning ways soon enough, giving the Colgate faithful a 20-win season in 1994–95 which started them on to six consecutive winning seasons culminating with their first NCAA tournament berth in a decade. The season finished with Vaughan being awarded the 2000 ECAC Hockey Coach of the Year Award.

In 2003 Vaughan agreed to serve out the season as Colgate's interim athletic director, allowing long-time assistant Stan Moore to assume control of the team for the year. The Raiders performed exceptionally in his absence, winning a regular season title and earning Moore his own Coach of the Year Award. Not to be outdone, when Vaughen returned the following season he pushed Colgate to a 25-win season (the second-highest total in school history), earning him a second tournament berth which he followed up by winning his first regular season title.

After that the team began to flounder, failing to produce a winning season until 2011–12, but it wasn't all bad news for Vaughan as Colgate established an endowed hockey chair named in his honor. After winning his first conference championship in 2023, Vaughan retired after 30 years as the Raiders' head coach. He left as the program's all time leader in games, wins, losses and ties.

Career statistics

Head coaching record

See also
 List of college men's ice hockey coaches with 400 wins

References

External links

Canadian ice hockey coaches
Colgate Raiders men's ice hockey coaches
ice hockey people from Ontario
living people
People from Almonte, Ontario
Sportspeople from Lanark County
St. Lawrence Saints men's ice hockey players
year of birth missing (living people)


title: 2014 Summer Youth Olympics medal table

text:
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees (NOCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, held in Nanjing, China, from 17 to 27 August 2014.

Of the nations that won medals at these Games, two had not won an Olympic medal – El Salvador and Fiji. A further four nations – Ghana, Moldova, Singapore and Zambia – won their first gold medals at an Olympic event, having previously only won medals of other colours.

Medal table

The Organizing Committee is not keeping an official medal tally. The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically.

In a number of events, there were teams in which athletes from different nations competed together. Medals won by these teams are included in the table as medals awarded to a mixed-NOCs team.

References

Medal Table, 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
2014
2014 in youth sport


title: Liceo José Victorino Lastarria

text:
Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Spanish for: José Victorino Lastarria High School) may refer to:

 Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Rancagua), Chile
 Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Santiago), Chile


title: Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Santiago)

text:
Liceo José Victorino Lastarria () is a Chilean high school located in Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. It was established in June 1913.

References

1913 establishments in Chile
Educational institutions established in 1913
secondary schools in Chile
schools in Santiago Metropolitan Region


title: Rice goddess

text:
Rice goddess may refer to:
Dewi Sri in Sundanese, Javanese and Balinese culture.
Phosop in Thai culture (Lao Khosop, Khmer Po Ino Nogar).
Inari Ōkami in Japanese culture.


title: 2014 Asian Women's Volleyball Cup

text:
The 2014 Asian Women's Volleyball Cup, so-called 2014 AVC Cup for Women was the fourth edition of the Asian Cup, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Chinese Volleyball Association (CVA). The tournament was held in Universiade Centre Indoor Stadium, Shenzhen, China from 6 to 12 September 2014.

Pools composition
The teams are seeded based on their final ranking at the 2012 Asian Women's Cup Volleyball Championship.

Squads

Preliminary round

Pool A

Pool B

Final round

Quarterfinals

5th–8th semifinals

Semifinals

|}

7th place

5th place

3rd place

Final

Final standing

Awards

MVP
 Yan Ni
Best setter
 Ding Xia
Best outside spikers
 Zhang Changning
 Liu Yanhan
Best middle blockers
 Yan Ni
 Yang Hyo-jin
Best opposite spiker
 Kim Yeon-koung
Best libero
 Miku Torigoe

See also
2014 Asian Men's Volleyball Cup

References

External links
 Asian Volleyball Confederation

Asian Women's Volleyball Cup
Asian Cup
V
V


title: Marcos Giron

text:
Marcos Andres Giron (born July 24, 1993; ) is an American professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of No. 49 on 16 May 2022 and a doubles ranking of No. 194 on August 1, 2022. He won the boys' singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament in 2009 and the men’s invitational in 2011. In 2014, Giron won the singles title at the 2014 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships for UCLA.

Early life and background
Giron was born in Thousand Oaks, California to Spanish parents.

Professional career

2020: First Major wins & top 100 debut
Giron reached the second round of a major for the first time at the US Open where he defeated Marc Polmans in five sets. A month later, he reached the second round of the French Open, defeating Quentin Halys in five sets. In both victories, he came back from a two-sets-to-one deficit.

In November, Giron recorded his first top-ten win against seventh seed Matteo Berrettini at the Paris Masters.

2021: Major third round, Olympics & top 60 debuts
Giron started his 2021 season at the Murray River Open, an event that was organized as a lead-up tournament to the Australian Open due to other tournaments in Australia being cancelled as a result from the COVID-19 pandemic. He beat 10th seed, Adrian Mannarino, in the second round. He lost in the third round to eighth seed and eventual champion, Dan Evans. He participated in the main draw as a direct entry at the Australian Open for a second consecutive year. He lost in the first round to sixth seed and world No. 7, Alexander Zverev, in four sets.

At the Open Sud de France, Giron was defeated in the first round by qualifier Tallon Griekspoor. Getting past qualifying at the Rotterdam Open, he was eliminated in the first round by fourth seed, world No. 8, and eventual champion, Andrey Rublev.

In June, Giron reached the third round of a major at the French Open for the first time in his career.

At Halle, Giron reached his first quarterfinal at an ATP 500 level tournament as a qualifier where he was defeated by Félix Auger-Aliassime. As a result of this good run, he reached a then career-high of No. 65 on June 21, 2021.

Giron made the second round at the Olympics, beating Norbert Gombos before losing to Kei Nishikori in three sets.

In September at the Sofia Open, Giron reached his fourth quarterfinal of the season (with quarterfinal appearances in Halle, Metz and Winston-Salem) after defeating third seed Alex de Minaur in the second round. He later beat 8th seed John Millman in 70 minutes to move into his first career ATP tour-level semifinal, where he lost to second seed Gaël Monfils. As a result, he reached a new career-high ranking in the top 60, at world No. 59 on October 4, 2021.

2022: Top 50 debut & first tour final
Giron started his 2022 season at the first edition of the Melbourne Summer Set 1. He lost in the first round to qualifier Ričardas Berankis. At the Sydney Classic, he was defeated in the first round by Australian wildcard Jordan Thompson. At the Australian Open, he was beaten in the first round by 6th seed, world No. 5, 2009 champion, and eventual champion Rafael Nadal.

Seeded 7th at the first edition of the Dallas Open, Giron upset world No. 19 Taylor Fritz in the quarterfinals to reach his second ATP tour semifinal. He lost in his semifinal match to 4th seed Jenson Brooksby in three sets despite holding four match points. In Delray Beach, he was defeated in the second round by John Millman. At the Mexican Open in Acapulco, he upset eighth seed and world No. 17 Pablo Carreño Busta in the second round. He lost in the quarterfinals to third seed and world No. 4 Stefanos Tsitsipas. At the Indian Wells Masters, he was eliminated in the first round by Lorenzo Musetti. In Miami, he lost in the first round to Márton Fucsovics.

Giron started his clay-court season at the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships. He lost in the first round to world No. 30 Frances Tiafoe. At the Monte-Carlo Masters, he was defeated in the first round by eventual finalist Alejandro Davidovich Fokina. In Barcelona, he lost in the first round to Federico Coria. At the BMW Open in Munich, he fell in the first round to Hugo Gaston. At the Madrid Open, he was beaten in the first round of qualifying by Alejandro Tabilo. On his debut at the Italian Open as a lucky loser, he upset 12th seed Diego Schwartzman in the second round. He lost in the third round to Félix Auger-Aliassime. In Geneva, he lost in the first round to Ilya Ivashka. He made his top 50 debut on 16 May 2022. At the French Open, he was defeated in the first round by Grigor Dimitrov.

Giron started his grass-court season at the BOSS Open in Stuttgart. He lost in the first round to German wildcard Jan-Lennard Struff, despite having two match points in the third set tiebreak. At the Halle Open, he was defeated in the first round by Félix Auger-Aliassime. In Mallorca, he reached the quarterfinals where he lost to second seed Stefanos Tsitsipas. At Wimbledon, he upset 24th seed Holger Rune in the first round. He lost in the second round to Alex Molčan.

Giron started his US Open series at the Atlanta Open. He lost in the first round to Kwon Soon-woo despite leading by a break in the third set. At the Citi Open in Washington, D.C., he was defeated in the first round by eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. Getting past qualifying at the National Bank Open in Montreal, he lost in the first round to Roberto Bautista Agut. Making it past qualifying at the Western & Southern Open, he beat David Goffin in the first round. He was defeated in the second round by Bautista Agut. At the US Open, he lost in the first round to Frances Tiafoe.

Seeded third at the San Diego Open, Giron reached his maiden ATP tour final after defeating Dan Evans in his semifinal match. He lost in the final to Brandon Nakashima. Competing at the first edition of the Gijón Open, he was defeated in the second round by Dominic Thiem in three sets. In Antwerp, he lost in the first round to Sebastian Korda. At the Erste Bank Open in Vienna, he upset Cameron Norrie in the second round. He lost in his quarterfinal match to Grigor Dimitrov.

2023: Second French Open third round, two top 10 wins
Giron started his 2023 season at the Adelaide International 1. He lost in the second round to Australian qualifier Alexei Popyrin. In Auckland, he reached the quarterfinals where he was defeated by second seed Cameron Norrie. At the Australian Open, he lost in the first round to Daniil Medvedev.

Seeded seventh at the Dallas Open, Giron made it to the quarterfinals where he was beaten by top seed Taylor Fritz in a rematch from last year. At the Delray Beach Open, he upset eighth seed Ben Shelton in the first round. In the second round, he ended the dream ATP Tour debut of 33-year-old qualifier Matija Pecotić. He lost in his quarterfinal match to Miomir Kecmanović. In Acapulco, he was defeated in the first round by compatriot Michael Mmoh. At the BNP Paribas Open, he was eliminated from the tournament in the second round by Frances Tiafoe. At the Miami Open, he fell in the first round to qualifier Cristian Garín.

Giron started his clay-court season at the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships. Seeded seventh, he lost in the second round to qualifier Tomáš Macháč. At the BMW Open, he upset seventh seed Roberto Carballés Baena in the first round. He ended up reaching the quarterfinals where he was defeated by Botic van de Zandschulp. Playing at the Madrid Open, he lost in the second round to 25th seed Sebastián Báez.
He reached the third round at the 2023 French Open for a second time in his career and overall at a Major level defeating qualifier Hamad Međedović and Jiří Lehečka.

Giron qualified for the Canadian Open, with wins over Nick Chappell and Radu Albot. After defeating Emil Ruusuvuori in the first round, he upset world No. 6 Holger Rune in three sets, the biggest win of his career. He then lost to compatriot Tommy Paul in the third round.

At the ATP 500 2023 Japan Open Tennis Championships he reached the semifinals as a qualifier after defeating home favorite Yoshihito Nishioka, second seed Casper Ruud, his third top-10 win, and eight seed Félix Auger-Aliassime, last two matches in straight sets.

Singles performance timeline

Current through the 2023 Rolex Paris Masters.

ATP career finals

Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)

ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 13 (8–5)

Doubles: 9 (5–4)

Record against other players

Record against top 10 players
Giron's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who are active in boldface. Only ATP Tour main draw matches are considered:

Wins over top 10 players
He has a  record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.

Notes

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
American male tennis players
American people of Spanish descent
UCLA Bruins men's tennis players
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Tennis people from California
Olympic tennis players for the United States


title: Zhuk-class patrol boat

text:
The Zhuk-class patrol boat, also known as Project 1400M "Grif", is a small border patrol vessel of less than 40 ton displacement built in the Soviet Union and later in Ukraine. Over 300 boats were built between 1969 and 1991. Out of those, 110 were sold to 23 other countries.
Exact numbers are unknown, but they were widely exported by the Soviet Union in addition to use in home waters as harbor patrol. The vessels were excellent for this task thanks to a cheap design for mass production. With only a single simple radar unit and manually-aimed machine guns, they made ideal patrol boats. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the abolition of its primary user the, KGB Maritime Guard, it was taken over by the Russian Federal Coast Guard. By 2007 only 15-20 remained in service with the Russian Navy.

Models
 1400
 1400A
 1400E (created in 1972)
 1400M
 1400T, one was specially built in 2004 for Turkmenistan
 1400ME (created in 1976)

Operators

Former Soviet Union
 Russian Coast Guard - 25 vessels (Pr.1400) were part of two border guard brigades (6th Patrol Boats Brigade in Ochamchira and 21st Patrol Boats Brigade in Novorossiysk); 4 vessels (Pr.1400ME) were part of a training cutters group (also known as GUK) that was based in Ochamchira, but training was conducted in Poti; 2 vessels (Pr.1400A) were part of government vessels division and based in Sochi
 (non-UN member) received 8 vessels total, 2 were received in 1992-93 and involved in the 1992-93 war in Abkhazia their armament was replaced with 1x2-23 mm ZU-23-2 and 1-2 blocks of S-8 rocket (80 mm by 20 pieces per block); those two were involved in the Sukhumi Airport blockade and known to shoot down military and civilian airplanes of Georgia (at least one Su-25, one Tu-134 and two Tu-154) with time those two were scrapped; in 2004 received 3 vessels of Russian GUKs from the 6th Patrol Boats Brigade and in 2006 were received 3 more vessels
 Ukrainian sea guard - 7 vessels of the 5th Patrol Boat Brigade in Balaklava (Pr.1400 - 2, Pr.1400M - 3), 15 vessels of the 18th Patrol Boat Brigade in Odesa (Pr.1400M - 15); Ukrainian Navy - 2 vessels; about 10 more vessels were built after fall of the Soviet Union at More Factory in Feodosiya
 Azerbaijani Navy - one vessel from the Caspian Flotilla

 Estonian Navy - Two examples left behind by the Soviets (both Pr.1400M) when they left the Baltic States, two Zhuks were formally commissioned in 1992. They were scrapped sometime in 2001 and replaced by Swedish- and Finnish-built vessels. One of them (EML Grif) is on exhibition at the Lennusadam port of the Estonian Maritime Museum.
:

Other than former Soviet Union countries
 Military of Algeria - One (Pr.1400ME) example was procured in 1981.  It was quickly discarded.
 Navy of Benin - As of 2004, all four examples were "in commission" but non-operational.
 Royal Cambodian Navy - In 1975 three units had been transferred from the Soviet Union. In 1988 a fourth example was returned by Vietnam.  Used for riverine patrol, they are active.
 Coast Guard - Three units transferred, all non-operational as of 2014.
 DRC Navy - Three units were transferred by the USSR in 1982 with three more ordered in 1984.  None are operational.
 Cuban Navy - Between 1971 and 1989 40 units were transferred to Cuba.  By 2007 only a dozen remained in service.
 Military of Equatorial Guinea - By 1975 three units had been transferred from the Soviet Navy where they served until begin scrapped in 1988–89.
 Ethiopian Navy - Four Zhuks were transferred in two batches between 1982 and 1990. Two fled to Yemen during the Yemeni civil war, when the other two examples were destroyed by rebels. They were scrapped in 1995.
 Military of Guinea - After extensive refurbishment, two units were transferred from the USSR to Guinea in 1987 and remain marginally operational.
 Iraqi Navy - Five Zhuks were transferred by 1975.  Relegated to security tasks during the Iran-Iraq War from 1980–88, they took part in the 1990 attack on Kuwait City.  During Operation Desert Storm three were sunk by Coalition aircraft, with the remaining two sunk in 2003 by US planes as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
 Military of Mauritius - With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, two ex-Soviet units were given to Mauritius in 1990.  The Rescuer and Retriever have been carefully cared for and by 2007 were in excellent condition and operational.  They have been upgraded with a new radar and civilian GPS receivers.
 Armed Forces for the Defense of Mozambique - Two of five units delivered between 1978 and 1980 were sunk during the civil war.  The remainder were decommissioned in 1993.
 Nicaraguan Navy - With eight units transferred by 1986, two more were given by the USSR as replacements for two lost during a 1989 hurricane.  All but one were removed from service by 2000, with one remaining in service, the GC301 "Río Segovia" as of 2014.
 Seychelles People's Defence Force - Supplied by the USSR in 1982, two vessels remain operational with their "Spin Trough" radar replaced by a different system.
 Somali Navy - One example was transferred, sunk in the civil war of 1991.
 Syrian Navy - Home ported at Tartous, eight units were transferred from 1981–88.  They remain operational.
 Vietnam People's Navy - Between 1978 and 1990, a total of fourteen units were transferred.  One example was transferred to Cambodia, and three decommissioned in 1993.  By 2007 the remainder had been decommissioned.
 Yemeni Navy - Following the unification of North and South Yemen, a total of seven examples were in Yemeni possession.  Four were modified with the addition of Decca 1226 radar systems.  By 2006, the Zhuks were replaced by new, purpose-built patrol boats from Australia.

References

External links
 Project 1400 patrol boat
 Project 1400M Grif | Spets Techno Export
 Complete Ship List of all Zhuk class patrol boats

Patrol vessels of the Soviet Navy
Patrol vessels of the Ukrainian Navy
Patrol vessels of the Georgian Navy


title: Joel Bernstein

text:
Joel Bernstein is a photographer, guitarist, and record producer based in Oakland, California. His photographs have appeared as the album covers for After the Gold Rush, 4 Way Street, Rita Coolidge, Wind on the Water, Running on Empty, CSN, Bob Dylan at Budokan, Rust Never Sleeps, Shadows and Light, Hard Promises and many others. His photographs have been published in Time, The New York Times, and Rolling Stone, among other publications, and there have been retrospective exhibits of his work in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and London. As a guitarist, he is most noted for support work to his friends David Crosby and Graham Nash, both individually and on their Crosby & Nash records. He has acted as a co-producer and archivist with Nash for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and is responsible with Nash for the compilation and production of the box sets Voyage for Crosby, Reflections for Nash, Carry On for Stephen Stills, and CSNY 1974 for the band's tour of that year.

In 2018 Joel Bernstein was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.

References

1952 births
Living people
American photographers
Musicians from Oakland, California


title: De Bekoring

text:
De bekoring ("The temptation") is a 2006 novel by Dutch author Hans Münstermann, which won him the AKO Literatuurprijs. It is the fifth in a series all featuring Andreas Klein as a central character, who is coming to terms with his and his family's past and present.

Summary
Andreas Klein, an alter ego of Münstermann's, was born the fourth of seven children to Marianne Petersen, a Dutch woman, who married the German Joachim Klein on 10 May 1940, the day World War II breaks out for the Netherlands. Andreas and his siblings grow up during the 1950s, a time of strict morality. Andreas is his mother's favorite and becomes a writer who documents his own family, and typically spoils or disrupts important family occasions by digging up the past: in De bekoring this takes place the day his mother dies.

References

2006 novels
21st-century Dutch novels


title: Hoori (disambiguation)

text:
is a figure in Japanese mythology.

Hoori may also refer to:

 Hoori (Islam) (hooriyah in female form), a native inhabitant of heaven in Islamic belief
 Hooria Mashhour, Yemeni politician
 Hoori Noorani, Pakistani classical dancer, artist and publisher

See also
 Hoor, Iran


title: 1901–02 World Championship (football)

text:
The 1901–02 World Championship was an exhibition football match that took place at High Road Ground (the erstwhile name of White Hart Lane) on 2 September 1901 and Tynecastle Park on 2 January 1902 between the winners of the English Football Association Challenge Cup, Tottenham Hotspur, and the Scottish Cup, Heart of Midlothian.

The game was not the first "World Championship" game between English and Scottish sides; indeed, it was the second time Hearts had played this game.

The contest was won by Heart of Midlothian, 3–1 on aggregate.

The fact that the first leg was played by all 11 of Tottenham's cup-winning team, and nine of Hearts', indicates that it was taken seriously by both clubs.

Participant teams

Match details

First leg

Second leg

References

1901–02 in Scottish football
1901–02 in English football
World Championship 1901-02
World Championship 1901-02
September 1901 sports events
January 1902 sports events
1901 sports events in London
International association football competitions hosted by England
International association football competitions hosted by Scotland


title: St Ceinwen's Church, Llangeinwen

text:
St Ceinwen's Church, Llangeinwen, is a Grade II* listed building in Anglesey, north Wales. It is  from the neighbouring St Mary's Church, Llanfair-yn-y-Cwmwd.

The historic environment service of the Welsh government, Cadw, says that:

Named for St Ceinwen, the church is located within an enclosed churchyard on the NW side of the A4080, 800m West of the village of Dwyran.

References

External links

Grade II* listed churches in Anglesey
Church in Wales church buildings


title: Giulia Viola

text:
Giulia Viola (born 24 April 1991) is an Italian middle-distance runner.

Biography
Viola was the Italian national champion in the 5000 metres. Viola was a finalist at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships in the 1500 metres finishing 7th. At the 2014 European Athletics Championships Viola finished 8th in the 5000 metres with a personal best time.

References

External links

1991 births
Italian female middle-distance runners
Living people
Athletics competitors of Fiamme Gialle
Sportspeople from Montebelluna


title: Klodian

text:
Klodian is an Albanian male given name. It is a topographic name, meaning a person from the ancient Roman city of Klodiana, called Claudiana in English, which is now Peqin, Albania. The feminine form is Klodiana. The name may refer to:

Klodian Asllani (born 1977), Albanian footballer
Klodian Arbëri (born 1979), Albanian footballer
Klodian Duro (born 1977), Albanian footballer
Klodian Gino (born 1994), Albanian footballer
Klodian Samina (born 1989), Albanian footballer
Klodiana Shala (born 1979), Albanian athlete
Klodian Skënderi (born 1984), Albanian footballer
Klodian Sulollari (born 1989), Albanian footballer
Klodian Xhelilaj (born 1988), Albanian footballer

References

Albanian masculine given names
Masculine given names