title: German submarine U-664

text:
German submarine U-664 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 11 July 1941 by Howaldtswerke, Hamburg as yard number 813, launched on 28 April 1942 and commissioned on 17 June 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Adolf Graef.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-664 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-664 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The boat's career began with training at 8th U-boat Flotilla on 17 June 1942, followed by active service on 1 November 1942 as part of the 9th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.

In five patrols she sank three merchant ships, for a total of .

First Patrol
On her first day of active service she was attacked by a US Catalina. The depth charge attack was so effective that she had to return to base in France.

Convoy ONS 167
Outward bound from Biscay on her second patrol, U-664 made a chance sighting of the slow convoy and radioed its position to base. Karl Dönitz ordered Graef to shadow the convoy while other boats were rounded up to form Wolfpack Sturmbock. However the boats were well scattered and failed to make contact with the convoy, so on the night of 21 February 1943, Graef became impatient with waiting and decided to attack alone.

With one spread of torpedoes, Graef sank the  American steamer Rosario and the  Panamanian tanker H H Rogers.

Wolfpacks
U-664 took part in eight wolfpacks, namely:
 Raufbold (11 – 22 December 1942)
 Spitz (22 – 31 December 1942)
 Sturmbock (21 – 26 February 1943)
 Wildfang (26 February – 5 March 1943)
 Raubgraf (7 – 20 March 1943)
 Without name (5 – 10 May 1943)
 Lech (10 – 15 May 1943)
 Donau 2 (15 – 26 May 1943)

Fate
On 8 August 1943 U-664 fired three torpedoes at the escort carrier  in a surprise attack, before USS Card was able to respond and forced her to dive. The following day, on 9 August 1943, U-664 was sunk in the North Atlantic in position , by depth charges from USN Grumman Avenger aircraft launched from the carrier. Seven crew members were killed  and 44 rescued by USS Borie after seven hours in the water.

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
1942 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1942
Submarines lost with all hands
U-boats sunk in 1943
U-boats sunk by depth charges
U-boats sunk by US aircraft
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
World War II submarines of Germany
Ships built in Hamburg
Maritime incidents in August 1943


title: Alexander Antropov

text:
Alexander Antropov (born August 16, 1990) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player.

He played 12 games in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg during the 2011–12 KHL season.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg players
Russian ice hockey forwards


title: Mauritius at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Mauritius competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Mauritius qualified one athlete.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Cycling

Mauritius qualified a girls' team based on its ranking issued by the UCI.

Team

Mixed Relay

Swimming

Mauritius qualified one swimmer.

Girls

References

You
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Mauritius at the Youth Olympics


title: Lopota Resort

text:
The Lopota Resort is a hotel complex located on the edges of Lopota Lake in Napareuli, in the Kakheti region of eastern Georgia, 100 km from the capital Tbilisi and 26 km from city of Telavi. The resort offers a recreation zone stretched over one million square meters. The resort boasts a lake surrounded by eight hotels. The complex is able to accommodate more than 200 people.

Lopota Resort's adventure center offers its guests wine tours, cultural tours in Kakheti region and other entertainment facilities.

References

Hotels in Georgia (country)
Buildings and structures in Kakheti


title: Mound of the Unbeaten

text:
Mound of the Unbeaten () is a World War II memorial in the Park of the Revolution, Prilep, North Macedonia. The monument and memorial complex were built in 1961 in honor to the martyrs and fallen fighters of the People's Liberation Struggle in Macedonia. Author of the memorial complex is Serbian architect Bogdan Bogdanović.

The complex consists of memorial Urns and the common graves of fallen soldiers. Urns are constructed from marble, and reminiscent of the antique urns. Biggest urn in complex has the symbol of the eternal flame at the top, which is symbol of Macedonian people's struggle for freedom. In the second part of the complex is the crypt which houses the remains of 462 fallen partisan fighters from Prilep and the neighboring places . Their names are inscribed on the marble slabs.

The memorial complex was revitalized from 2007 until 2008.

Description
Park of the Revolution is located in the southern part of the city, landscaping is decorated with high pine trees and low growing evergreen flora. The park is enriched with monuments 1961 in honor of all the fallen soldiers and participants of People's Liberation Movement. The mound makes a semicircular shape in which the inner part of the entire vertical surface paved with white marble slabs. On them are inscribed the names of 462 killed partisans from Prilep and the surrounding places. In front of a semicircular form rises eight marble memorial urns, symbolizing the formation of the first partisan detachment in Macedonia and their transformation into a powerful military units.

Park of the Revolution was declared a cultural heritage monument in 1989. Inside the park, there is an Alley of the People's Heroes, officially opened in 1961. There are nine bronze busts of fallen People's heroes born in Prilep: Kiro Gavriloski, Ilija Jovanovski, Jordan Čopela, Borko Taleski, Kuzman Josifovski Pitu, Mirče Acev, Borko Velevski, Rampo Levkov and Krume Volnaroski. From 2012. a project was adopted that in addition to these nine, should be built four more busts to People's heroes from Prilep, who acted as politicians in socialist Macedonia: Vera Aceva, Đore Damevski, Borko Temelkovski and Krste Crvenkovski.

Gallery

References

World War II monuments and memorials in North Macedonia
Buildings and structures completed in 1961
1961 sculptures
Prilep
Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials


title: Petros Nazarbegian

text:
Petros Nazarbegian (;  May 6, 1927 – November 13, 2015) was an Iranian amateur boxer of Armenian ethnicity who competed in the lightweight division at the 1952 Summer Olympics as a member of the Iran senior national Boxing team. He lost to Erkki Pakkanen, the eventual bronze medal winner, in the second round on points. Nazarbegian was also the head coach of Iranian national boxing team, from 1954 up to 1963, an international referee, and vice president of the International Boxing Association.
In Tokyo 1958, Petros Nazarbegian acted as head coach for the Iranian boxers at the 1958 Asian Games who were participating officially for the first time in the Third Asian Games, with a team of nine boxers, managing to rank second, considering medal counts, and fifth in the overall boxing table.

References

External links

http://www.khoroosjangi.com/1392/06/29/تاریخچه‌ی-بوکس-در-ایران-از-1324-تا-1357/
https://web.archive.org/web/20181123014005/http://www.khoroosjangi.com/1393/01/23/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B2%DB%B4-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B5/
http://www.ghahremanzadeh.ir/product/?sec=view_product&item_type=book&publisher_id=100&book_id=864

1927 births
Olympic boxers for Iran
Iranian male boxers
Boxers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
2015 deaths
Iranian people of Armenian descent
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Lightweight boxers
Sportspeople from Tehran


title: Chicago Blaze (rugby)

text:
Chicago Blaze Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Lemont, Illinois. The Blaze's first side competes in the Midwest Rugby Football Union's Division II class.

History
In 1982, the Windy City Nomads merged with the Amoco Rugby Club to form the Chicago Blaze Rugby Football Club. The new club would retain the colors blue for Amoco and red for Nomads. The first Blaze jerseys had the red and blue hoops.

Peter Thornley, one of the founding members and was instrumental to the Blaze future by bring together the two clubs and making what had been just an idea of being the first club team in the United States of America to actually own its own pitch. Before the creation of the clubhouse & field in 1990, the Blaze played at the forest preserve fields on 75th St and Rt 53 in Naperville, but community disapproval of the social aspect of post game celebrations, was what ultimately led the club to look into buying their own field.  Thornley, purchased a 9-acre farm on Smith Rd in 1984 for $89,000, but it would take another six years before the opening match in 1990 was played.

The club has hosted numerous Illinois State High School Championships, as well as CARFU Championships, and Midwest Territorial Championships.

Currently the club own 15 acres of land with three fields, with the main pitch having lights, locker room facilities, with showers, and a clubhouse with a bar for post-match socials, parties and events. Development continues with a play area for kids, spectator stands, horseshoe pit, and an ever-improving Rugby facility. The Blaze have traveled abroad on several international tours to England (1989), Ireland (1994), Spain (1999) and New Zealand (2002). Over the past years, the Blaze have won many Midwest Championships at Division 1 and 2 levels. The Blaze has competed in the National Championships in 1986, 1990, 1996, 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011.

Thornley Field
Thornley Field consists of three pitches, the main one having lights, it is located in Lemont, Illinois at 13011 West Smith Road. The facilities include a clubhouse with a bar, locker room/team room, an equipment garage, outdoor pavilion and two parking lots. The fields underwent an upgrade in the mid-2000s with improved drainage and underground sprinkler system. The over-all property sits on just over 3 acres of land.

Club honors
 US Men's Division I & II Playoff Appearances: 1986, 1990, 1996, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011
 Division I National Final Four
Division II Midwest Champions: 1996
Division II National Sweet Sixteen 2007
Division II National Sweet Sixteen 2010
Division II National Sweet Sixteen 2011
 Mid-West Division II Final Four 2017
Division IV Midwest Champions 2019

Notable former players

References

External links
Official site

Blaze
Rugby clubs established in 1982
1982 establishments in Illinois


title: German submarine U-1055

text:
German submarine U-1055 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 30 March 1943 by Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel as yard number 689, launched on 9 March 1944 and commissioned on 8 April 1944 under Oberleutnant zur See Rudolf Meyer.

She was fitted with a Schnorchel underwater breathing apparatus in November 1944.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-1055 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-1055 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one  Flak M42 and two twin  C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 8 April 1944, followed by active service on 1 December 1944 as part of the 11th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.

In two patrols she sank four merchant ships, for a total of .

Fate
On 6 April 1945 U-1055 was attacked by MTB-715 and MTB-719; apparently undamaged
U-1055 went missing on 23 April 1945 in the North Atlantic with no explanation after sending a message while en route to the English Channel. All hands were lost. Other accounts (Flypast April 2021) state that U-1055 was sunk west of Brest shortly after 18:00 on 30 April by an anti-submarine PBY-5 Catalina commanded by Lt. F. G. Lake of 19 Group, but this attack actually resulted in the sinking of .

Summary of raiding history

References

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
1944 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1944
Missing U-boats of World War II
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
World War II submarines of Germany
Ships built in Kiel
U-boats sunk by unknown causes
Maritime incidents in April 1945


title: Pull Tight, Alabama

text:
Pull Tight is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Alabama, United States.

It is unclear why the name "Pull Tight" was applied to this community. The name may be commendatory, as local residents "pull tight" (i.e. helped one another). Pull Tight has been frequently noted on lists of unusual place names.

References

Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Alabama


title: Maurice Houvion

text:
Maurice Houvion (born 4 July 1934 in Saulcy-sur-Meurthe, Vosges, France) is a French athlete known for the pole vault during the early transitional time of the fiberglass pole. He represented France at the 1964 Olympics. He was injured at the Olympics and was unable to clear a height.  He would continue vaulting and coaching, eventually becoming national coach establishing the rich French tradition in the pole vault. His son Philippe Houvion briefly held the world record in the pole vault in 1980.

Maurice rose to being a top level pole vaulter in 1955. He was the national champion in 1962 and 1963.  He took up coaching first with his 1964 Olympic compatriot Hervé d'Encausse who he coached to a bronze medal in the 1966 European Championships behind two future world record holders. Hervé's son Philippe d'Encausse is the coach of current world record holder Renaud Lavillenie. In the next two years Herve would hold the European record on two occasions.  Other success stories included François Tracanelli who held the world junior record and would vault in two Olympics, Patrick Abada who also held the European record and Ferenc Salbert, winner of the 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie. In all his athletes would win 19 French national championships.

His greatest success story was Jean Galfione who he coached through his entire career. Galfione won the Olympic gold medal in 1996 and became one of the members of the prestigious Six meters club.

Maurice would hold the Masters M35, M40 and  M45 world records.

During the cold winters, Maurice would practice in a coal mine, 500 meters underground.

References

1934 births
Living people
French male pole vaulters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for France
Olympic coaches for France
World record holders in masters athletics
Sportspeople from Vosges (department)


title: Macon Airport

text:
Macon Airport can refer to:
 Macon Downtown Airport
 Middle Georgia Regional Airport


title: Inodoro Pereyra

text:
Inodoro Pereyra (The Renegade) is an Argentinean comic created in 1972 by the writer and cartoonist Roberto Fontanarrosa. The main character is a cartoon of a lonely Argentinean gaucho living in the Argentinean Pampas. Full of social, psychological, political and philosophical humor, It parodies to comical effect the language and mannerisms of the gaucho, as for example in the name "Inodoro" a mock-typical gaucho name (taken from the Catholic santoral) like "Isidoro", "Casimiro" etc., but "Inodoro" meaning actually in Spanish "toilet seat".

Publication history
The comic appeared for first time at the end of 1972 in the popular humor magazine Hortensia, originating from the Córdoba Province (Argentina), which was the home of a pool of talented people at that time.

The comic was originally a parody about the linguistics and stereotypes of the native people. Specifically, the main characters were some gaucho characters from comic books (such as Santos Leiva, Lindor Covas "the wild", El Huinca or Fabián Leyes, etc). The comic at this time was more elaborate graphically. In all these early editions, Inodoro hosts a diverse and weird group of visitors in the Pampa region of Argentina, while his inseparable friend, Mendieta, the talking dog, shares the adventures of his owner. Mendieta frequently shares his opinions with Inodoro, giving birth to phrases like: "Let us negotiate, Mr. Inodoro" and "Who gave birth to it!" (similar meaning to "Wow!", or "Who would have thought so...").

Then the comic appeared in the Mengano and Siete Días magazines, with adventures in each episode. Mendieta once declared that he was in reality "a Christian man that was turned into a dog shape due to a moon eclipse". Mendieta occupied the co-protagonist role in these times.

The episodes of Inodoro Pereyra in this period mostly consisted of two or three pages. Each series was composed of around 10 episodes.

At the beginning of each episode the author gives a short recap of what happened in the previous episode. The recap was in a humoristic style, using radio theater language, gauchesca poetry and feuilleton language in an ironic way. Finally, in 1976, Inodoro settled down with his partner, Eulogia Tapia, and Mendieta in a famous newspaper from Buenos Aires called Clarín, where the comic was published in single editions. The previous coverage of adventures gave way to a greater focus on dialogue and subtle humor.

The drawing style suffered a major change after 1975. From 1972 until 1975 the characters were drawn with a slim shape with thick lines and striking contrasts. From 1976 Inodoro Pereyra appeared with a drawing style that gave him a soft expression (rather than the angry wrinkles of the past), while his partner "La Eulogia" is no longer a young stylized woman but a rotund and clumsy housewife.

After being placed in different areas of the newspaper, the comic was added to Viva, the Sunday magazine of Clarín. Here Inodoro was a more tranquil personality, settled in his humble house with his wife, dog, pigsty and a lonely tree. The Inodoro Pereyra comics were also published in book format by Ediciones de la Flor.

The main difference with other comics is that in Inodoro comics, the humoristic touch is not present exclusively at the end of the comic but usually in every frame (mainly since the comic started to be published as single editions).

Most of the middle jokes and the ending ones are delivered by Mendieta, acting as the voice of reason in this comic of absurd and erratic humor. Also the humoristic touch of this comic in mainly based in the language used by Inodoro Pereyra, who uses a lot of word games and rhymes.

Characters

Inodoro Pereyra
He is a parody of Pampa´s stereotypical Argentinean gaucho, based on Martín Fierro, a famous gaucho. He meditates in loneliness about life, accompanied by his dog Mendieta, and receives strangers in his home, to whom he gives peculiar advice. The humor of the comic is largely based around Inodoro’s language, with extensive use of wordplay and puns.

Mendieta
He is a small, friendly dog from an unknown race that has the ability to speak. He shares Inodoro´s adventures, participating in the reasoning and acting as Pereyra´s confident. In fact, Mendieta was the seventh male child of a family and was born on a full moon night; legend says that he should have been transformed into a werewolf, but he had bad luck and as that night there was a lunar eclipse, he instead became a dog with the power of speech.

Eulogia Tapia
In the first Inodoro Pereyra comic in 1972 she appears as the young bride of the gaucho. She was drawn as a very young and slim woman with beautiful facial features (even within the cartoonish aesthetics of the drawings). She later started being drawn as an ugly fat lady since 1976, even increasing her weight by 25 kg in a single frame. She is home-loving, has a bad temper and is jealous to the point of getting angry like a beast when Inodoro is late.

The parrots
Through the years, these are the quintessential enemies of Inodoro. They move around as a flock, teasing and making fun of him. While they generate various problems and harm, sometimes they help him, making the gaucho a bit confused. From among the flock of parrots, Lorenzo stands out.

The ranqueles
These are wild Indians (natives) that from time to time visit Inodoro´s house, either asking for advice or threatening him. Their leader is Chief Crybaby (In Argentinean Spanish: Lloriqueo)."If we were meditating we would not be an Indian tribe. We would be a stream of thought".

Nabucodonosor II
A talking vegetarian pig, he believes that he is a sex symbol, as he is the only male among several female pigs. He won 1st place in a local fair, and thinks that he is a philosopher and an intellectual.

The Scorpion Resolana
He is the bravest gaucho in the area. On one occasion he fought with Inodoro Pereyra because he offended Eulogia, Inodoro´s wife.

Famous Quotes
Inodoro: Being alone is nothing, the bad thing is realizing that.

Mendieta: Who gave birth to it! [Similar meaning to  "Wow!", or "Who would have thought so..."].

Inodoro: God, give me patience… but right now!

Inodoro: I´m engaged to my land, married to its problems and divorced from its richness.

Mendieta: How are you winning your living?
Inodoro: Winning? In my case I think it is a draw.

Mister: Good Morning. Are you Inodoro Pereira?
Inodoro: Present [a parody of the religious phrase "with the deceased present"].

Mister: I heard that you are the last gaucho.
Inodoro: What!? I didn´t know that this was a race, my friend! Who was the first?

Inodoro: I wonder… Mendieta… in order to harvest milk… is there a need to plant a cow? Mendieta: And harvest soup?
Inodoro: So many times I have thrown the soup in the field and not even a noodle grew!

Eulogy: There is a girl in town saying that you are the father of her twins...
Inodoro: That's an exaggeration ... One of the children… perhaps, but not both...

Inodoro: I am not lazy; I may be a little timid to work.

Mendieta: Small creatures of God [talking sarcastically about the parrots].

Mendieta: Tell me Mr. Inodoro… Are you with Eulogia because of some promise you made?
Inodoro: Mendieta, one is dazzled by the beautiful woman, is amazed by the intelligent one… and finally ends up with the one who give us some attention.

Mister: Good afternoon Mr. Inodoro. How are you?
Inodoro: I am bad, but I am used to it.

Inodoro: Hail purest Mary, without sign conceived! (Instead of ‘without sin conceived’. The original in Argentinean Spanish is a rhyme generated by the change of the word ‘sin’ by ‘sign’ that in Argentinean Spanish end in the same letter "o").

Inodoro: As said Balcarce, it is so cold that you can die. (This is also an ironic phrase as in Argentinean Spanish it is usually said "it’s so cold that I shit on myself" and the name "Balcarce" and "cagarse" (shit on) have an ending rhyme).

Inodoro: You are not fat, Eulogia. You are a bulwark against unpatriotic anorexia.

Inodoro: I am already angry…

Inodoro: There comes the gaucho Juan Salse…

Inodoro: I am a meteorology critic, Mister. Last night’s storm report: "Was weak in the lightening illumination, rain was too repetitive, the scenery was poor, the sound of the thunder was bad; in other words, a fail in God´s staging. A typical summertime performance, light and careless for an undemanding public."

Mendieta: Just the face had to be. (This could be referring to someone with an ugly face).
Inodoro: One thing is the friendly sincerity and another thing is the unnecessary cruelty.

Inodoro: My house is nor big, nor clean.

Inodoro: So I said, after so many years, if I have to choose again, I would choose my Eulogia with my eyes closed…because if I open them I’ll choose another one.

Inodoro: So big is the drought that Paulina (the name of his cow) gave me powdered milk again.

Inodoro: Mendieta… The espadrille is a corrective shoe?
Mendieta: I don´t think so, Inodoro.
Inodoro: I am asking this because my Dad used to correct me by espadrille hits.

Inodoro: Make way!  Make way! [Literally in Argentinean Spanish: Open the field!]
I am coming!

Inodoro: Let´s see… said a blind man.

External links
Inodoro Pereyra en Todohistorietas
Inodoro Pereyra en el sitio web de Fontanarrosa

Argentine comic strips
Fictional Argentine people
Fictional gauchos
Satirical comics
Humor comics
Cultural depictions of Argentine people
Comics set in Argentina
Argentine comics adapted into films
Comics characters introduced in 1972
Male characters in comics


title: Four Days

text:
Four Days may refer to:

Four Days (film)
Four Days (album)
Four Days' Battle 1666


title: Sneedsboro, North Carolina

text:
Sneedsboro is a ghost town in Anson County, North Carolina, United States.

It was the second oldest town in Anson County, and was located about  southeast of Morven.

History
The Pee Dee River flows east of Sneedsboro, and when the town was laid out and chartered in 1795 it was promoted as an inland river port.  Streets in Sneedsboro were laid out and named, and the town had a post office, school, inn, general store, and both a Methodist and Baptist church.

By 1835 the town was deserted.  Poor economic conditions in North Carolina had forced many of Sneedsboro's residents to leave, and an epidemic of typhoid fever had also struck the town.

During the Civil War, a large battalion of Union forces led by William Tecumseh Sherman crossed the Pee Dee River at Sneedsboro.  Historian Mary Louise Medley wrote that "though the Pee Dee River was then at flood stage, they took the time to destroy everything of value around the once flourishing town".

The only extant remnants of the town are the crumbling chimney of the Knox Inn, and some tombstones in the Sneedsboro Cemetery, used from 1790 to 1840.  Some notable people buried in the cemetery include Charles Harris, a chairman of the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and its first professor of mathematics, as well as John Hinson, a US Senator.

Notable person
 John J. McRae, 21st Governor of Mississippi.

References

Former populated places in North Carolina


The 50th National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) took place from 16 to 20 December 1997 at the University of the North West in what was then called Mafikeng. Attended by 3,000 voting delegates, the conference elected a successor to outgoing ANC President Nelson Mandela, who declined to stand for another term. Thabo Mbeki was elected unopposed, and Jacob Zuma was elected unopposed as his deputy; they were later elected President and Deputy President of the country in the 1999 general elections, in which the ANC won 66.35% of the vote, up from 62.65% in 1994.

Although the conference entirely changed the composition of the party's top leadership, with Mbeki and Zuma the only residuum of the so-called "Top Six" as elected in 1994, most candidates were elected unopposed, and there was relatively little appearance of friction from any wing of the party. On some accounts, this was because the top leadership prepared assiduously for the conference, advocating unity and continuity, lobbying for a slate of preferred candidates, and negotiating compromises with potential dissidents. However, two of the top positions – National Chairperson and Deputy Secretary General – were contested, and neither went to the Mbeki-allied candidate. The conference also elected the 60-member National Executive Committee (NEC) without any significant upsets. Significant resolutions of the conference endorsed cadre deployment; endorsed the controversial Growth, Employment and Redistribution policy; and changed the ANC constitution to reduce the frequency of the national conferences and to centralise the election process for parliamentary candidates.

Resignation of Nelson Mandela

President Nelson Mandela, the outgoing president of the African National Congress (ANC), had, since February 1995 or earlier, made it clear publicly that he intended to retire after the 1999 general elections. The 50th National Conference thus centred around electing his successor as ANC President, who would become the ANC's presidential candidate in the national elections and therefore would likely become the next President of the country.

Mandela's political report to the conference, delivered on 16 December, took over four hours to deliver, and included strongly-worded rhetoric decrying resistance to social change. Mandela harshly criticised those who acted as "the anti-democratic forces of counter revolution," including foreign-funded non-governmental organisations, "various elements of the former ruling group," and "the bulk of the mass media." He said that, since the ANC's 49th National Conference during the fall of apartheid, there had been a "counter-offensive which would seek to maintain the privileges of the white minority," and that white-led political parties had "essentially decided against the pursuit of a national agenda" and in favour of "a reactionary, dangerous and opportunist position."

During the closing session, newly elected ANC President Thabo Mbeki used his speeches to the plenary to deliver tributes to Mandela. Mandela likewise honoured the ANC's former leaders in his final address.

Leadership election

President
Mbeki, who had been Mandela's deputy in the party and in the government since 1994, was widely understood within the ANC to be the candidate whom Mandela and other top leaders intended to become the next ANC President. In July 1996, Mandela said that Mbeki was "very talented and very popular and if the organisation elected him, I would feel that they have made the correct decision." In a televised interview on 14 December 1997, two days before the conference, he said:...Thabo Mbeki is already a de facto President of the country. I am pushing everything to him and I’m a ceremonial president. They can ask me any day to hand over all powers to Thabo Mbeki – he is the man who is already running the government of the country. And my stepping down will be very smooth, it won’t bring about any disruption.It was indeed the case that he had increasingly delegated authority to Mbeki in recent years, and he was seen as the most likely successor to Mandela as early as February 1995. There remained persistent rumours that Mandela's preferred successor was former trade unionist and ANC Secretary General Cyril Ramaphosa, who had resigned from politics the previous year to pursue a career in business, but Mbeki was elected unopposed.

Deputy President
In September, the ANC Women's League announced that it would nominate its president, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, for the ANC deputy presidency. Senior elements of the Eastern Cape province also reportedly supported Madikizela-Mandela. However, following her controversial appearances at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Women's League nomination was invalidated on a technicality, and she received no nominations ahead of the conference. On the second day of the conference, she was nominated from the floor. According to the ANC constitution, a nomination from the floor stood only if it was seconded by at least 25 per cent of delegates (recently increased from 10 per cent). Madikizela-Mandela's nomination reportedly received support from only 125 delegates or fewer, far short of the threshold, but, before a tally could be announced, she conferred with the NEC and then announced from the podium, to applause, that she would decline the nomination. Peter Mokaba said that she had long planned not to stand for election, while others, including outgoing acting Secretary General Cheryl Carolus, said that she had not made the decision until the seconders were being counted. Outgoing National Chairperson Jacob Zuma was ultimately elected unopposed as deputy president. Both Lindiwe Sisulu and Julius Malema have since criticised the ANC for elevating Zuma over Madikizela-Mandela at Mafikeng, with Malema implying that senior leadership had expressly excluded Madikizela-Mandela from the competition.

National Chairperson
Although it was understood that senior leadership backed Minister of Sport and Recreation Steve Tshwete, an ally of Mbeki's, for the party chairmanship, the branches nominated two other candidates: Mathews Phosa, Premier of Mpumalanga, and Terror Lekota, Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces. Phosa declined the nomination, leaving a two-horse race between Tshwete and Lekota, who were known to be on poor terms. Lekota had the support of six of the nine provincial branches, as well as the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). Tshwete had the support of the other three provinces, the ANC Youth League, and, at least initially, the Women's League – after the nominations phase, Tshwete was involved in a public dispute with Madikizela-Mandela, the Women's League President, over government service delivery. At the conference, Lekota won the vote by an overwhelming margin.

Other positions
The only other Top Six position voted on was that of Deputy Secretary General. The Mbeki-allied candidate was Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini, but Thejiwe Mtintso, with the support of COSATU, ultimately narrowly won the election. COSATU also supported Pravin Gordhan for the Treasurer General post, but he did not run.

Results
The results of the leadership elections were as follows (victorious candidates in bold):

Election of the National Executive Committee

The conference also elected the sixty additional members of the NEC, from a list of 131 candidates. The following ten candidates received the most votes:

 Cyril Ramaphosa (2,390 votes)
 Kader Asmal (2,324 votes)
 Pallo Jordan (2,304 votes)
 Mac Maharaj (2,260 votes)
 Jay Naidoo (2,243 votes)
 Tito Mboweni (2,242 votes)
 Trevor Manuel (2,240 votes)
 Dullah Omar (2,166 votes)
 Valli Moosa (2,162 votes)
 Ronnie Kasrils (2,150 votes)
Ebrahim Ebrahim, Thandi Modise, and Stella Sigcau failed to gain re-election to the NEC – Sigcau was the only cabinet minister not to be elected – but all three were co-opted onto the committee soon after the conference in February 1998.

Resolutions
The 50th National Conference marked the inauguration of a formal ANC policy of cadre deployment in the public service. The conference resolved that the ANC should pursue a strategy of cadre deployment across "the key centres of power," including by establishing deployment committees at every level of the organisation. This resolution was implemented from 1998, when the national deployment committee was founded under the leadership of Zuma, the newly elected ANC Deputy President. Following allegations of state capture in later years, the cadre deployment policy has become controversial.

The conference also weighed in on the burgeoning controversy around the Growth, Employment and Redistribution policy (GEAR), a neoliberal macroeconomic policy introduced in 1997, and its implications for the ANC's flagship Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). The conference endorsed GEAR as a central part of the ANC's economic and social framework, and resolved that GEAR did not supplant the RDP but rather "aimed at giving effect to the realisation of the RDP." Despite dogged criticism of GEAR in the past from within the party and its Tripartite Alliance partners, the resolution was adopted unanimously after fifteen minutes discussion, possibly because the leadership had engaged extensively with critics prior to the conference.

Finally, the conference made modifications to the ANC constitution which are viewed as having consolidated executive power within the organisation. The constitution was changed such that national conferences would be held only every five years, instead of every three years, with national general councils introduced as the mid-term national meeting of the ANC. This extended the term of the Top Six and NEC commensurately. The constitution was also changed to establish a "national list committee," composed of between five and nine members chosen by the NEC, which would control the election of parliamentary candidates.

References

Further reading

 Twala, Chitja (2014-11-01). "The African National Congress (ANC) and the Cadre Deployment Policy in the Postapartheid South Africa: A Product of Democratic Centralisation or a Recipe for a Constitutional Crisis?". Journal of Social Sciences. 41 (2): 159–165. doi:10.1080/09718923.2014.11893352.

External links
 ANC documents from the conference
Mandela's political report at the conference
AP footage of the conference (1)
AP footage of the conference (2)
AP footage of the conference (3)
AP footage of the nominations

National Conferences of the African National Congress
National Conference of the African National Congress
National Conference of the African National Congress
National Conference of the African National Congress
National Conference of the African National Congress
1990s political conferences


title: 1971–72 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
The 1971–72 Player's No.6 Trophy was a British rugby league knockout tournament. It was the first season that the competition was held.

Halifax won the trophy by beating Wakefield Trinity by the score of 22-11 in the final. The match was played at Odsal in the City of Bradford. The attendance was 7975 and receipts were £2545.

Background
The council of the Rugby Football League had been investigating the possibility of another knock-out competition for several seasons, to be similar to the association football league cup competition played for by the Scottish Football Association (first competed for in 1946-47) and The Football Association (first competed for 1961). It was to be a similar knock-out structure to, and to be secondary to, the Challenge Cup. The council voted to introduce the new competition at the same time as sports sponsorship was becoming more prevalent and as a result John Player and Sons, a division of Imperial Tobacco Company, became sponsors, and the competition never became widely known as the "League Cup"

The competition ran from 1971–72 until 1995-96 and was initially intended for the professional clubs plus the two amateur BARLA National Cup finalists. In later seasons the entries were expanded to take in other amateur and French teams. The competition was dropped, the main reason being given was due to "fixture congestion", when Rugby League became a summer sport
The Rugby League season always (until the onset of "Summer Rugby" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this "League Cup" competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final usually taking place in late January

The competition was variably known, by its sponsorship name, as the Player's No.6 Trophy (1971–1977), the John Player Trophy (1977–1983), the John Player Special Trophy (1983–1989), and the Regal Trophy in 1989.

Competition and results

Round 1 - First round

Involved 16 matches and 32 clubs

Round 1 - First round Replays
Involved 3 matches and 6 clubs

Round 2 - Second round

Involved 8 matches and 16 clubs

Round 3 -Quarter-finals

Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Round 3 -Quarter-finals - replays
Involved 1 match with 2 clubs

Round 4 – Semi-finals

Involved 2 matches and 4 clubs

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three points - Goal = two points - Drop goal = one point (reduced from this season)

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

The road to success

Player's Top Try Contest

As part of the sponsorship deal, a Top Try Contest was held. This involved all the professional first round Players No.6 Trophy Losers.

One match was played by each club and the four clubs scoring the most tries received prize money.

This competition was not a success and was only held for this season.

This series Involved 7 matches and 14 clubs.

The table
The club scoring the most tries finished top.

In the case of a tie, the deciding items were :-
 1 The club scoring the most tries
 2 The club scoring the most points
 3 The club with the fewest points against
The table showing finishing positions and the awards were as follows :

Note * Widnes took 4th place ahead of Dewsbury as they scored more points - and therefore were awarded the prize money

Notes and comments
1 * Thames Board Mills were a Junior (amateur) club from Warrington
2 * Thames Board Mills opted to play the match at Wilderspool, the home of Warrington
3 * Ace Amateurs were a Junior (amateur) club from Hull
4 * Ace Amateurs were drawn at Home but agreed to switch the venue to Central Park, the home ground of Wigan
5  * Odsal is the home ground of Bradford Northern from 1890 to 2010 and the current capacity is in the region of 26,000, The ground is famous for hosting the largest attendance at an English sports ground when 102,569 (it was reported that over 120,000 actually attended as several areas of boundary fencing collapse under the sheer weight of numbers) attended the replay of the Challenge Cup final on 5 May 1954 to see Halifax v Warrington

See also
1971–72 Northern Rugby Football League season
1971 Lancashire Cup
1971 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

References

External links
Saints Heritage Society
1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season at wigan.rlfans.com
Hull&Proud Fixtures & Results 1896/1897
Widnes Vikings - One team, one passion Season In Review - 1896-97
The Northern Union at warringtonwolves.org
Huddersfield R L Heritage
Wakefield until I die

1971 in English rugby league
1972 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: 1978 World Lacrosse Championship

text:
The 1978 World Lacrosse Championship was the third edition of the international men's lacrosse tournament.  The event took place at Edgeley Park in Stockport, England under the auspices of the International Lacrosse Federation. Four teams competed in the tournament: Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Canada defeated the United States 17-16 in overtime in the final to win the tournament.

Overview
In the finals, Canada captured the 1978 World Championship with a shocking 17-16 overtime victory over the United States team.

The underdog label was given to the Canadian team due to their lack of field lacrosse experience, and also following a round-robin American annihilation of the Canadians, 28-4. However, two individuals with previous field experience would prove to be key factors in the longshot victory. Hall of Famers Stan Cockerton from North Carolina State and Mike French from Cornell had great tournaments. In the first game of the 1978 tournament, Cockerton whipped in seven goals with French adding three more plus seven assists to move past the host English squad 21-15.

The U.S. took Australia 22-17 the first day and then drubbed Canada 28-4. U.S. scored the first 14 goals even before French put Canada on the board; but the rout on the rain-drenched field continued - 17-2 at halftime and 22-3 after three periods. Meanwhile, Australia downed England 16-10. Down 4-3 early in game three against Australia, Canada whipped in six straight on the road to a 16-13 victory that set up a rematch with the Americans, who had narrowly squeaked past England 12-11.

The Americans opened the finals intent on repeating their earlier conquest of Canada with Cornell great Bill Marino rifling home a shot just 15 seconds after the opening faceoff. But Team Canada stunned the Americans with six unanswered goals to take an 8-4 lead after one period. The U.S. rallied to tie the contest and then moved ahead only to see Cockerton knot up the contest 16-16 with seconds remaining.

Stan Shillington wrote: "with the entire crowd of 3,500-plus chanting for the Canadians, both teams went through a scoreless overtime session and all but 20 seconds of a second extra period. That's when Cockerton scooped in the winner, his sixth goal of the game, that gave Canada a 17-16 victory."

Stan Cockerton led the tourney in scoring with 18 goals and 9 assists in the four games. Mike French, with 6 goals and 15 assists, was named the "Best and Fairest Player." Other awards were given to Bob Flintoff, Canada, Goalkeeper; Steve Bevington, England, Defender; John Butkiewicz, Australia, Midfielder; and Peter Cann, Australia, Attackman.

Australia beat England 19-9 for third place.

Results

Group

Standings

Third Place
Australia 19, England 9

Final

July 8, 1978

 Canada 17, United States 16 (OT)

Rosters

Canada
Goal: Bob Flintoff, Tim Barrie
Defense: Sandy Lynch, Carm Collins, Tom Briscoe, Brian Jones, Jim Branton, Murray Cawker
Midfield: Mike French, Fred Greenwood, Pat Differ, John Mouradian, Jim Calder, Ted Greves, Dave Huntley, Dan Wilson, Steve Mastine
Attack: Stan Cockerton, Dave Durante, Doug Hayes, Jim Wasson, Bob Burke, John Grant
Coaches: Bob Allan, Don Barrie, John McCauley
Manager: Ron Wicks

United States
Goal: Rick Blick, Dan Mackesey
Defense: Dave Devine, Chris Kane, Tom Keigler, Dom Starsia, Dennis Townsend, Mike Waldvogel
Midfield: Jim Darcangelo, Craig Jaeger, Skip Lichtfuss, Billy Marino, Phil Marino, Dave McNaney, Doug Radebaugh, Bob Hendrickson, Bruce Arena
Attack: Eamon McEneaney, Bob Griebe, Jeff Long, Tom Postel, Dave Warfield
Head Coach: Richie Moran
Assistant Coaches: Jerry Schmidt, Gene Fusting

See also
 World Lacrosse Championship
 Field lacrosse
 Federation of International Lacrosse, the unified governing body for world lacrosse founded in 2008

References

External links
 Federation of International Lacrosse
 Down Memory Lane - Canada - 1978 World Lacrosse Champions Stan Shillington
 Men's International Lacrosse History
 Dispatches from England – Team Canada and the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships
 Unearthed Video: Canada's Dramatic 1978 Lacrosse Gold July 1st 2020 Inside Lacrosse

1978
1978
World Lacrosse Championship
Sport in Stockport
1970s in Greater Manchester
World Lacrosse


title: 170th New York State Legislature

text:
The 170th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5, 1955, to March 23, 1956, during the first and second years of W. Averell Harriman's governorship, in Albany.

Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938, re-apportioned in 1953, 58 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were Kings (nine districts), New York (six),  Queens (five), Bronx (four), Erie (three), Nassau (three), Westchester (three), Monroe (two) and Onondaga (two). The Assembly districts consisted either of a single entire county (except Hamilton Co.), or of contiguous area within one county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Liberal Party, the American Labor Party, the Socialist Workers Party, and the Socialist Labor Party (running under the name of "Industrial Government Party") also nominated tickets.

Elections
The New York state election, 1954, was held on November 2. Ambassador W. Averell Harriman was elected Governor, and D.A. of Bronx County George B. DeLuca was elected Lieutenant Governor, both Democrats with Liberal endorsement. The elections of the other six statewide elective offices resulted in a Democratic State Comptroller with Liberal endorsement, a Republican Attorney General, a Democratic Chief Judge with Liberal and Republican endorsement, a Democratic Court of Appeals judge with Liberal and Republican endorsement, a Democratic Court of Appeals judge with Liberal endorsement, and a Republican Court of Appeals judge with Democratic endorsement. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Governor/Lieutenant Governor, was: Republicans 2,550,000; Democrats 2,297,000; Liberals 264,000; American Labor 47,000; Socialist Workers 2,600; and Industrial Government 1,700.

Five of the seven women members of the previous legislature—Assemblywomen Mary A. Gillen (Dem.), of Brooklyn; Janet Hill Gordon (Rep.), a lawyer of Norwich; Frances K. Marlatt (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Vernon; Genesta M. Strong (Rep.), of Plandome Heights; and Mildred F. Taylor (Rep.), a coal dealer of Lyons—were re-elected. Bessie A. Buchanan (Dem.), a retired musical actress and dancer of Harlem, was also elected to the Assembly.

The New York state election, 1955, was held on November 8. No statewide elective offices were up for election. Three vacancies in the State Senate and three vacancies in the Assembly were filled.

Sessions
The Legislature met for the first regular session (the 178th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 5, 1955; and adjourned on April 2.

Oswald D. Heck (Rep.) was re-elected Speaker.

Walter J. Mahoney (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the State Senate.

The Legislature met for the second regular session (the 179th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1956; and adjourned on March 23.

State Senate

Districts

Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Searles G. Shultz changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of this Legislature. Assemblyman Frank J. Pino was elected to fill a vacancy in the Senate.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees
 Secretary: William S. King

State Assembly

Assemblymen

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees
 Clerk: Ansley B. Borkowski
 Sergeant-at-Arms: Herbert A. Bartholomew (1955)
Raymond J. Roche (1956)
 Deputy Journal Clerk: Maude E. Ten Eyck

Notes

Sources
 Where to Reach Your State Senator Or Assemblyman in Civil Service Leader (January 18, 1955, Vol. XVI, No. 19, pg. 3 and 14)
 Members of the New York Senate (1950s) at Political Graveyard
 Members of the New York Assembly (1950s) at Political Graveyard

170
1955 in New York (state)
1956 in New York (state)
1955 U.S. legislative sessions
1956 U.S. legislative sessions


title: 2014 Iowa Corn Indy 300

text:
The 2014 Iowa Corn Indy 300 was the 12th round of the 2014 IndyCar Series season. Scott Dixon scored his first pole of the season.

Report

Background
Iowa Speedway is the shortest track on the IndyCar schedule, being  long. The previous race at Pocono was won by Juan Pablo Montoya who won his first race since his comeback. Montoya had scored his last IndyCar win in 2000 at Gateway.

References

Iowa Corn Indy 300
Iowa Corn Indy 300
Iowa Corn
Iowa Corn


title: 1972–73 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
This was the second season of the League Cup, which was known as the Players No.6 Trophy for sponsorship reasons.

Leeds won the trophy by beating Salford 12-7 in the final. The match was played at Fartown, Huddersfield. The attendance was 10,102 and receipts were £4563.

Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at thirty-two.

Competition and results

Round 1 - First  Round
Involved  16 matches and 32 Clubs

Round 2 - Second  Round
Involved  8 matches and 16 Clubs

Round 3 -Quarter Finals
Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Round 3 -Quarter Finals - Replays
Involved 2 matches with 4 clubs

Round 4 – Semi-Finals
Involved 2 matches and 4 Clubs

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three points - Goal = two points - Drop goal = one point

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

The road to success

Notes and comments
1 * Pilkington Recs are a Junior (amateur) club from St Helens, home ground was City Road until they moved to Ruskin Drive from 2011-12
2 * Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1990-1991, Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1991-1992, and RUGBYLEAGUEproject give the score as 26-5  but News of the World Football Annual 1973-74 gives the score as 28-5
3 * highest score to date
4 * Dewsbury Celtic are a Junior (amateur) club from Dewsbury, home ground is Crow Nest Park
5 * RUGBYLEAGUEproject gives score as 10-28 but the Wigan official archives and 100 Years of Rugby. The History of Wakefield Trinity 1873-1973 and Wakefield until I die all give the score as 10-34
6 * News of the World Football Annual 1973-74 gives score as 24-3 but both RUGBYLEAGUEproject and Wigan official archives give it as 24-8
7 * Abandoned after 22 Minutes due to Fog with the score at 4-2 - Result declared void
8 * NO mention on Hull official website of any replay
9 * News of the World Football Annual 1973-74 gives the  score as 30-2 but both RUGBYLEAGUEproject and Wigan official archives give it as 39-2
10  * Fartown was the home ground of Huddersfield from 1878 to the end of the 1991-92 season to Huddersfield Town FC's Leeds Road stadium, and then to the McAlpine Stadium in 1994. Fartown remained as a sports/Rugby League ground but is now rather dilapidated, and is only used for staging amateur rugby league games.
Due to lack of maintenance, terrace closures and finally major storm damage closing one of the stands in 1986, the final ground capacity had been reduced to just a few thousands although the record attendance was set in a Challenge cup semi-final on 19 April 1947 when a crowd of 35,136 saw Leeds beat Wakefield Trinity 21-0

See also
1972–73 Northern Rugby Football League season
1972 Lancashire Cup
1972 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

References

External links
Saints Heritage Society
1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season at wigan.rlfans.com
Hull&Proud Fixtures & Results 1896/1897
Widnes Vikings - One team, one passion Season In Review - 1896-97
The Northern Union at warringtonwolves.org
Huddersfield R L Heritage
Wakefield until I die

1972 in English rugby league
1973 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: Liga Forward

text:
Liga Forward is the highest tier of basketball in the country Kyrgyzstan, which began in 1992 when Kyrgyzstan became independent from the Soviet Union. It features class teams such as Dank, Tulpar Skafkis and Bishkek Dynamo.

Teams

Former teams

Basketball in Kyrgyzstan
Basketball
1992 establishments in Kyrgyzstan
Sports leagues established in 1992
Kyrgyzstan


title: Tarfawi

text:
Tarfawi ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tarfawi had a population of 493 in the 2004 census.

The village came under the control of the Islamic State on 3 July 2016 after a counter-attack against the Syrian Arab Army.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: 1973–74 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
This was the third season of rugby league's League Cup competition, which for sponsorship reasons was known as the Players No.6 Trophy.

Warrington won the final, beating Rochdale Hornets by the score of 27–16 in the match played at Central Park, Wigan. The attendance was 9,347 and receipts were £4380.

Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at thirty-two.

Competition and results

Round 1 - First  Round

Involved  16 matches and 32 Clubs

Round 2 - Second  Round

Involved  8 matches and 16 Clubs
NOTE - Matches in this round kicked off earlier to make maximum use of the daylight
Use of Floodlights in sporting events was banned by government order from 15 November 1973 due to mining strikes

Round 3 -Quarter Finals

Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Round 3 -Quarter Finals - Replays
Involved 1 match with 2 clubs

Round 4 – Semi-Finals

Involved 2 matches and 4 Clubs

Final

Teams and Scorers John Player yearbook 1974–75

Scoring - Try = three points - Goal = two points - Drop goal = one point

Timeline in the  final

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

The road to success
This tree excludes any preliminary round fixtures

Notes and comments
1 * RUGBYLEAGUEproject states that the match was played at Bradford, whereas it was played at Lawkholme Lane, Keighley
2 * St Helens official archives give the  attendance as 2,500  whereas RUGBYLEAGUEproject gives it as 3,000
3 * Dewsbury Celtic are a Junior (amateur) club from Dewsbury, home ground is Crow Nest Park
4 * The John Player Yearbook 1974–75 and the News of the World Football Annual 1974–75  give the attendance as 1,250  but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give it as 1,276
5 * Millom are a Junior (amateur) club from Cumbria,  current home ground is the Coronation Field ground
6 * The  highest score, to date in the  competition against a Junior club
7 * Widnes official archives give the  result as a Wiidnes win
8 * Wigan official archives show a score of 30-3 but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give it as 20-5
9 * Matches kicked off Earlier to accommodate daylight. Use of Floodlights was banned by government order from 15 November 1973 due to mining strikes.
10 * Wigan official archives give score as 28-3 but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give it as 28-2
11 * Wigan's hooker (Colin Clarke) and two Keighley players (Wilmot and Burke) were sent off during this second half of this match.
12 * The John Player Yearbook 1974–75 give the date as 9-12-1974  but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give the date as 29-12-1974
13 * The John Player Yearbook 1974–75 give the date as 9-12-1974  but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give the  date as 30-12-1974
14 * The John Player Yearbook 1974–75, the News of the World Football Annual 1974–75 and Wigan official archives give the date as Saturday 5-1-1974  but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give the  date as Sunday 6-1-1974
15 *  The John Player Yearbook 1974–75 gives the  attendance as 10,047 but RUGBYLEAGUEproject give the  attendance as 9,347
16  * Central Park was the home ground of Wigan with a final capacity of 18,000, although the record attendance was  47,747 for Wigan v St Helens 27 March 1959

See also
1973–74 Northern Rugby Football League season
1973 Lancashire Cup
1973 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

References

External links
Saints Heritage Society
1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season at wigan.rlfans.com
Hull&Proud Fixtures & Results 1896/1897
Widnes Vikings - One team, one passion Season In Review - 1896-97
The Northern Union at warringtonwolves.org
Huddersfield R L Heritage
Wakefield until I die

1973 in English rugby league
1974 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: Tharwat, Syria

text:
Tharut ( tharūt) is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the village had a population of 990 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Tulayhat

text:
Tleihat ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Tleihat had a population of 1306 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Ramil Sheriff

text:
Ramil Omar Sheriff (born 26 December 1993) is a footballer who plays as a centre-back or midfielder. He made one appearance for the Jamaica national team in 2014

Club career
Sheriff began his career in the youth teams at Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur. He secured a contract with Norwich City in 2012. He was appointed captain of the U21 side and played 19 times in the Professional Development League in 2012–13. However, his contract concluded in June 2013 and he was released by the club.

In 2013–14, Sheriff played for Cockfosters and Northwood before moving onto Harrow Borough and Haringey Borough for the 2014–15 season.

Sheriff played for Belgian Third Division B side Woluwe-Zaventem in the 2015–16 season. He re-joined Haringey Borough for 2016–17.

International career
Sheriff was capped by Jamaica at U-20 level. He made his debut for the senior side on 8 June 2014 in an 8–0 away friendly loss against France, coming on as a 65th-minute substitute for Chris Humphrey.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Greater London
English men's footballers
Jamaican men's footballers
Jamaica men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Arsenal F.C. players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Cockfosters F.C. players
Northwood F.C. players
Harrow Borough F.C. players
Haringey Borough F.C. players
K.V. Woluwe-Zaventem players
Southern Football League players
Isthmian League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
English people of Jamaican descent
Black British sportsmen


title: Tuwal Dabaghin

text:
Twal Dabaghin ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Twal Dabaghin had a population of 509 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Ciboria rufofusca

text:
Ciboria rufofusca is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Sclerotiniaceae. It occurs in Europe and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it grows on fallen fir cones.

The caps are translucent brown cups growing from narrow stipes.

References

External links

Fungi described in 1873
Fungi of Europe
Fungi of North America
Sclerotiniaceae


title: Umm Turaykiyah

text:
Um Treikiet Elqablieh ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), it had a population of 832 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Umm Zahmak

text:
Um Zahmak ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Um Zahmak had a population of 306 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: 1974–75 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
This was the fourth season for the League Cup, which was again known as the Players No.6 Trophy for sponsorship reasons.

Bradford Northern won the trophy by beating Widnes by the score of 3–2. The final was played at Wilderspool, Warrington. The attendance was 5,935 and receipts were £3305.

Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at eighteen.
For the  first time in the competition, there were no drawn matches.

Competition and results

First round
The first round consisted of the 30 Rugby Football League professional clubs, plus two amateur teams from the Castleford area, Lock Lane and Kippax White Swan.

Second round

Involved  8 matches and 16 clubs

Quarter finals

Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Semi finals

Involved 2 matches and 4 clubs

Final
The final took place on Saturday 25 January 1975, at Wilderspool, Warrington. The attendance was 5,935, with gate receipts of £3,305.

Teams and scorers

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

See also
1974–75 Northern Rugby Football League season
1974 Lancashire Cup
1974 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

Notes

References

External links

1974 in English rugby league
1975 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: Al-Zughbah

text:
Al-Zughbah ()  is a Syrian village located in the Hamraa Subdistrict of the Hama District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Zughbah had a population of 758 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

References

Alawite communities in Syria
Populated places in Hama District


title: Halabiyah

text:
Halabia ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Halabia had a population of 686 in the 2004 census. During Syria Civil war Halabia was captured by ISIS, then on 6 February 2018, SAA liberated this town.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Umm Habes

text:
Um Habs ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Um Habs had a population of 543 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Valentin Uritescu

text:
Valentin Uritescu (; 4 June 1941 – 17 June 2022) was a Romanian film, television, and theatre actor. He is best known for his parts in The Conjugal Bed and The Last Assault.

In 2011, Uritescu was chosen by Sony Pictures Animation to dub Grandsanta in Romanian in the animated film Arthur Christmas, King in the Cinderella movie from Disney, and many animated characters.

Selected filmography
 Fructul oprit (2018) – Katia's father
 Scene de căsnicie (2008)
 Războiul sexelor (2007) – Horia's father
 Cu un pas înainte (2007) – Septimiu Baltag
 Exam (2003) – Nea Grigore
 The Conjugal Bed (1993 film)
 The Last Assault'' (1985) – sergeant Șaptefrați

References

External links

1941 births
2022 deaths
People from Cugir
Romanian male stage actors
Romanian male film actors
Romanian male television actors
Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film alumni
Recipients of the Order of Cultural Merit (Romania)


title: 1975–76 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
This was the fifth season for the League Cup, known as the Players No.6 Trophy for sponsorship reasons.

Widnes won the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 19–13 in the final played at Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire. The attendance was 9,035 and receipts were £6275.

Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at eighteen.

Competition and results

Round 1 - First  round

Involved  16 matches and 32 clubs

Round 2 - Second round

Involved  8 matches and 16 clubs

Round 2 - Second round replays
Involved 1 match and 2 clubs

Round 3 - quarterfinals
Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Round 4 – semifinals
Involved 2 matches and 4 clubs

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three points - Goal = two points - Drop goal = one point

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

The road to success
This tree excludes any preliminary round fixtures

Notes and comments
1 * Mayfield are a Junior (amateur) club from Rochdale
2 * Although Mayfield were drawn at home, the match was moved to Salford
3 * Rothmans Rugby League Yearbooks 1990-1991  and 1991-92  and Wigan official archives give the score as 3-57, but RUGBYLEAGUEprojects and The News of the World/Empire News annual 1976–77 give it as 3-53
4 * Pilkington Recs are a Junior (amateur) club from St Helens, home ground was City Road until they moved to Ruskin Drive from 2011 to 2012
5 * Wigan official archives gives the score as 25-8 but RUGBYLEAGUEprojects gives it as 28-8
6 * Wigan official archives gives the score as 23-3 but RUGBYLEAGUEprojects and The News of the World/Empire News annual 1976–77 give it as 23-8
7  * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.

See also
1975–76 Northern Rugby Football League season
1975 Lancashire Cup
1975 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

References

External links
Saints Heritage Society
1896–97 Northern Rugby Football Union season at wigan.rlfans.com
Hull&Proud Fixtures & Results 1896/1897
Widnes Vikings - One team, one passion Season In Review - 1896-97
The Northern Union at warringtonwolves.org
Huddersfield R L Heritage
Wakefield until I die

1975 in English rugby league
1976 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: Huways Ibn Hadib

text:
Hawayes Ben Hdib ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hawayes Ben Hdib had a population of 555 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Rasm Anz

text:
Rasm Anz ()  is a Syrian village located in Al-Hamraa Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rasm Anz had a population of 379 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Pina Cei

text:
Pina Cei (born Giuseppina Casini; 13 June 1904 – 1 February 2000) was an Italian stage, film and television actress. She appeared in more than thirty films from 1933 to 1995.

Life and career
The daughter of the stage actress Luisa Cei, she made her theatrical debut in 1922, in the company of Raffaele Niccoli. She later worked in several high-profile stage companies, including Emma Gramatica's and Ruggero Ruggeri's, until 1942, when she founded her own stage company. She made her film debut in 1933, in Villafranca, in which she is credited as Pia Torriani (from her husband's surname). Her younger sister Dory was also an actress.

Filmography

References

External links

1904 births
2000 deaths
Actresses from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Italian film actresses
Italian television actresses
Italian stage actresses
20th-century Italian actresses


title: List of Florida Union Civil War units

text:
This is a list of Florida Union Civil War units. The list of Florida Confederate Civil War units is shown separately. Although Florida seceded there was a pro-Union and anti-Confederate minority in the state, an element that grew as the war progressed. Thus over 2,200 Floridians served in Union units.

Cavalry
 1st Florida Cavalry Regiment (Union)
 2nd Florida Cavalry Regiment (Union)
Independent Union Rangers of Taylor County
 1st East Florida Cavalry (Union)
 Florida Rangers (were eventually consolidated into the 2nd Florida Cavalry)

Miscellaneous
Florida Irregulars
Unassigned Florida Volunteers
Union Volunteer Corp Key West Florida

See also
Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
Confederate Units by State
Southern Unionists

Sources and External Links

Florida
Civil War
Florida in the American Civil War


title: 1976–77 Player's No.6 Trophy

text:
The 1976–77 Player's No.6 Trophy was a British rugby league knockout tournament. It was the sixth season that the competition was staged, which was once again known as the Player's No.6 Trophy because of its sponsorship.

Castleford won the final, beating Second Division side Blackpool Borough by the score of 25–15. The match was played at The Willows, Salford. The attendance was 4,512 and receipts were £2,919.

Background
This season saw no changes in the  entrants, no new members and no withdrawals, the number remaining at thirty-two. For the  second season there were no drawn matches in the  competition.

Competition and results

Round 1 - First  Round

Involved  16 matches and 32 Clubs

Round 2 - Second  Round

Involved  8 matches and 16 Clubs

Round 3 -Quarter Finals

Involved 4 matches with 8 clubs

Round 4 – Semi-Finals

Involved 2 matches and 4 Clubs

Final

Teams and scorers

Prize money
As part of the sponsorship deal and funds, the prize money awarded to the competing teams for this season was as follows:

The road to success
This tree excludes any preliminary round fixtures

Notes
1 * Ovenden are a Junior (amateur) club from Halifax
2 * Ovenden were drawn at home but chose to give away home advantage
3 * Ace Caravans were a Junior (amateur) club from Hull
4 * Ace Caravans were drawn at home but chose to give away home advantage
5 * The Rothmans Yearbooks 1990-91 and 1991-92 gave the attendance as 3,037 but The News of the World/Empire News annual 1977–78 gave it as 3,680
6 * The News of the World/Empire News annual 1977–78 gives the score as 13-25 but other sources including RUGBYLEAGUEprojects, Wigan official archives give the score as 13-28
7 * Wigan's  (No. 4) Bill Francis & York's  (No. 11) Gary Hetherington were both sent off for fighting in the 78th Minute
8 * Wigan official website states incorrectly that the match date was Saturday 27 November
9  * The Willows was the home ground of Salford with a final capacity of 11,363 which included 2,500 seats. The record attendance was 26,470 on the 13 February 1937 in the Challenge Cup first round match  vs Warr

See also
1976–77 Northern Rugby Football League season
1976 Lancashire Cup
1976 Yorkshire Cup
Player's No.6 Trophy
Rugby league county cups

References

External links

1976 in English rugby league
1977 in English rugby league
Regal Trophy


title: Disney's Aladdin (Virgin Games video game)

text:
Disney's Aladdin is a platform game based on the 1992 film of the same name developed by Virgin Games USA. The game was released by Sega for the Sega Genesis on November 11, 1993 as one of several games based on the film, including another game that was released in the same month by Capcom for the Super NES.

The game is one of the best-selling Genesis games with four million copies sold. It also received a number of adapted ports for other platforms, such as the NES, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Amiga, and DOS computers.

Gameplay
Disney's Aladdin is a side-scrolling platform game in which the player controls Aladdin throughout settings and a storyline based on the namesake film. Aladdin's primary forms of offense against enemy characters are a scimitar for short-range slashing attacks and apples that can be pelted as long-range ammunition. The apples are a finite resource, but can be collected in abundant amounts throughout the game. Aladdin's health is indicated by a trail of smoke emanating from the Genie's lamp on the top-left corner of the screen. The trail shortens whenever Aladdin is harmed by an enemy or environmental hazard. Health can be restored by collecting blue Genie Hearts scattered throughout the levels. If Aladdin runs out of health, a life will be lost. Blue vases within the levels act as checkpoints from which Aladdin will be revived if he had passed one before losing a life. Extra lives can be received by collecting golden icons in the shape of Aladdin's head hidden in the levels. If Aladdin's last life is lost, the game prematurely ends. The amount of lives and apples Aladdin is equipped with at the start of the game is determined by the difficulty setting, which can be adjusted in the main menu. Aside from apples, Aladdin can collect gems, which can be traded with the Peddler in each level for extra lives and "wishes". Wishes allow the player to continue the game from the current level after losing their last life instead of having to start again from the beginning. On occasion, "smart bombs" in the form of Jafar's lamp can be found and triggered, which will result in the elimination of all on-screen enemies.

If the player collects one or more Genie Tokens and clears a level, the player will be taken to the "Genie's Bonus Machine", a luck-based minigame in which pressing a button rewards the player with a random prize consisting of a gem, five apples or an extra life. The amount of Genie Tokens collected in a level determines the amount of rounds that can be played in the minigame. When the player runs out of Genie Tokens or if they land on a picture of Jafar, the minigame will end. If the player picks up an Abu Token in two levels, a bonus level featuring Aladdin's pet monkey Abu as the player character will initiate following the Genie's Bonus Machine. In these levels, the player must maneuver Abu left and right to collect gems, apples and extra lives that drop to the ground while avoiding pots, rocks, fish, Iago's cousins, palace guards and other hazards. If Abu comes into contact with a hazard, the bonus level ends.

Development
Following the theatrical release of Aladdin, Sega and Capcom each acquired a license to create a video game based on the film for the Sega Genesis and SNES respectively, both companies having an established track record for quality licensed Disney titles. Sega originally tasked development of the game to BlueSky Software, who had previously developed Ariel the Little Mermaid, and set a fall 1993 release for Aladdin. At the time, Sega and BlueSky prioritized Jurassic Park, another licensed title that was set for a summer 1993 release. Because of this, BlueSky only assigned a small team of around eight people to work on Aladdin, which slowed the project's pace. Although morale was high amongst the staff, Disney producer Patrick Gilmore was dissatisfied with the lack of progress compared to Capcom's version; he felt that the artwork failed to reflect the film's visual style and that the overall game did nothing to revolutionize licensed platformers. With Disney's management unwilling to allow the license to be secondary to another property, they decided to cancel BlueSky's game and hire a new developer. BlueSky's Jurassic Park game contains an Easter egg referencing Aladdin within its in-game map; an upside-down Genie's lamp is disguised as a mountain range. The experience with BlueSky convinced Disney Feature Animation to start taking a more active role in the development of video game adaptations of its properties, particularly in the artwork and character animation.

During the 1992 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Gilmore met Virgin Games design director David Bishop and was impressed by the company's work on Global Gladiators, which resulted in Disney and Virgin beginning a collaboration to create a licensed game based on The Jungle Book. Gilmore's superiors would in turn be impressed by Virgin's regard for Disney's animated features as well as their progress on The Jungle Book. By the time of the cancellation of BlueSky's Aladdin, the two companies were searching for further ways to work together. At the following CES, Bishop and Virgin Vice President of Product Development Stephen Clarke-Willson approached Gilmore with DynoBlaze, a game demo created by Bill Kroyer that stalled following Virgin's acquisition of major licenses. Gilmore, once again impressed, requested permission to shop the demo around Disney. Shortly thereafter, Bishop was summoned by Disney to watch a rough cut of Aladdin, and was pitched the idea of creating an Aladdin video game using Disney's own animation. Bishop was then tasked to create a proof of concept that would convince Disney to grant Virgin the Aladdin license. A group consisting of Bishop, Seth Mendelsohn, Mark Yamada, and Mike Dietz created the game's design document over several marathon sessions while locked in an apartment for days. Bishop then pulled designer Bill Anderson away from production on The Jungle Book and gave him one day to create a draft of the game's first level, which he submitted the following morning. Virgin Interactive President Martin Alper drove to Los Angeles to pitch the design document and draft level to Disney Feature Animation, and he succeeded in obtaining the Aladdin license for Virgin.

Development on Aladdin at Virgin started in January 1993, with a deadline of October 1993 to complete production set to coincide with the home video release of the film; this deadline left Virgin with about three-quarters the normal amount of time to build a game. A second team continued work on The Jungle Book, with the main group transitioning back upon Aladdins completion. Because of Disney's increased role in production, Alper negotiated with Sega and arranged an agreement that allowed Sega to assume a marketing and distribution role, as well as entitle them to an equal share with Virgin and Disney. The deal was the first of its kind among major console publishers. The terms included several assurances to Disney, such as an equal marketing budget to Sega's other major titles, a release date that did not compete with a Sonic the Hedgehog title, an initial circulation of a million units in the United States, and granting Jeffrey Katzenberg the final word on all marketing materials. Aside from promotion and distribution, Sega would play no role in Aladdins development other than quality assurance. According to Clarke-Willson, while Sega obtained significant brand recognition through its association with a high profile Disney product, they made no money from the arrangement due to the deal's structure, in which the three companies deducted their costs from the total revenue and divided the remaining profits equally.

Visuals
A team of ten animators worked on the animation frames, making it the first video game to use hand-drawn animation. The work was then shipped to Virgin's California facility to be digitized. The game used traditional animation via digital ink and paint, which was produced by Disney animators under the supervision of Virgin's animation staff, including animation producer Andy Luckey, technical director Paul Schmiedeke and animation director Mike Dietz, using an in-house "Digicel" process to compress the data onto the cartridge.

Audio
Virgin Games composer Tommy Tallarico assigned Donald Griffin to arrange five of the film's musical themes, as well as create five original pieces. Griffin would reduce the film's songs to smaller MIDI files and return them to Tallarico, who converted the songs note for note by employing a channel normally dedicated to samples to replicate the film's music as closely as possible. Tallarico also composed the game's incidental transition music.

Release
The game was showcased at the 1993 Summer Consumer Electronics Show. Jeffrey Katzenberg allocated a budget for the game's launch of $250,000.

The Amiga and DOS versions were based on the Mega Drive/Genesis version, featuring enhanced music, sound effects and an updated HUD. The Game Boy and Nintendo Entertainment System ports, which are similar to each other, are significantly altered from the original version, with elements from the original version being missing in both versions, including the "Inside The Lamp" and Abu bonus levels. The Game Boy version is compatible with the Super Game Boy. These versions of the game were developed by NMS Software, a short-lived company in the mid 1990s that was founded by former Elite Systems staff. A Windows 95 port was developed by East Point Software and published by Virgin Interactive Entertainment in 1996. The Game Boy Color port, developed by Crawfish Interactive and published by Ubi Soft in 2000, is more faithful to the Genesis port, with more things being retained from the original while still missing some content. A Sega CD version of Aladdin was planned, but never started official development.

The Genesis, Game Boy, and Super Game Boy versions of the game were included alongside The Lion King as part of Disney Classic Games: Aladdin and The Lion King, released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One on October 29, 2019. These versions include instant save states, a "rewind" button, level select, and options for invulnerability and infinite lives. The collection also includes the trade show demo of the Genesis version, as well as a "Final Cut" version that includes new areas, boss patterns, graphical effects, and other changes. The compilation game was updated as Disney Classic Games Collection: Aladdin, The Lion King, and The Jungle Book, and includes the SNES, Genesis, and Game Boy versions of The Jungle Book as well as the SNES version of Aladdin. It was set to be released on November 9, 2021, but was delayed until November 23.

Canceled sequel
In a "Devs Play" session with Double Fine in 2014, Louis Castle, co-founder of Westwood Studios who later worked on The Lion King, revealed that the studio had pitched a second Aladdin game that would have featured pre-rendered 3D sprites, around the same time as the Amiga game Stardust and a year prior to their use in Donkey Kong Country, but the project was scrapped by Disney.

Reception

Sales
Upon its first week of release, Sega shipped  Aladdin units worldwide, including 800,000 in the United States and another 800,000 in Europe; half of the European shipments were hardware bundles. The same month, it topped Babbage's Sega Genesis sales chart in the United States. The game went on to sell four million copies worldwide, making it the third best-selling Sega Genesis game of all-time, after Sonic the Hedgehog and Sonic the Hedgehog 2.

Critical response
On release, Famicom Tsūshin scored the Mega Drive version of Aladdin a 35 out of 40. The game was awarded Best Genesis Game of 1993 by Electronic Gaming Monthly. They also awarded it Best Animation. The game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #211 by Jay & Dee in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Both reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.

Levi Buchanan of IGN gave the game an 8/10, calling the game "a platformer that proved the Genesis, while aging, was still quite capable of great gameplay and delightful artwork".

Accolades
Mega placed the game at #12 in their Top Mega Drive Games of All Time. In 1995, Flux magazine rated the game 13th on their Top 100 Video Games. They praised the smooth animation, detail and the gameplay saying that: "Disney's Aladdin for the Genesis one of the best action/platform games in history." In the same year, MegaZone included the game in their Top 50 Games In History summarizing: "The animation in this platformer us simply astounding and looks more like a cartoon then a video game. Some superb humorous touches too." In 2009, GamesRadar ranked the game fourth on their list of the seven best Disney games, comparing it to the SNES game: "While the SNES Aladdin fell back upon faux 3D shading and single pixel button-eyes, the Genesis version looked infinitely more fluid and expressive." In 2017, GamesRadar ranked the game 18th on its "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time" and praised the game's graphics and sound saying that it captures the look and music from the film.

References

External links

1993 video games
Aladdin (franchise) video games
Amiga 1200 games
Cancelled Sega CD games
DOS games ported to Windows
Game Boy games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
NMS Software games
Virgin Interactive games
THQ games
Platformers
Sega Genesis games
Single-player video games
Video games designed by David Perry
Video games scored by Allister Brimble
Video games scored by Mark Cooksey
Video games scored by Tommy Tallarico
Video games with digitized sprites
Video games set in the Middle East
Crawfish Interactive games
Video games developed in the United States
Promethean Designs games