title: Clinopodium glabellum

text:
Clinopodium glabellum, the glade calamint, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family. It is native to the Nashville Basin of Tennessee, the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky, and two counties in Alabama. Within this range, it is found only on wet cedar glades and in seeps along limestone creekbeds. Due to its narrow range and specific habitat requirements, this species is considered vulnerable.

It is a small perennial, often flowering in the first year. It produces pale pink flowers in late spring.

Clinopodium glabellum has been confused with Clinopodium arkansanum, which has caused the known range of both species be somewhat unclear. Clinopodium glabellum has sometimes been called "Ozark calamint", which is misleading as the Ozark populations appear to be Clinopodium arkansanum.

References

glabellum
Flora of Alabama
Flora of Kentucky
Flora of Tennessee
Endemic flora of the United States
Plants described in 1803
Taxa named by André Michaux


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mexico

text:
This is a list of stratigraphic units (groups, formations and members), containing fossils and pertaining to the North American country of Mexico.

List

See also

 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in North America

References

External links

Mexico
Mexico geology-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Iceland

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

Iceland geology-related lists
 Iceland
Paleontology in Iceland


title: 2014 World Cup of Softball

text:
The ninth World Cup of Softball was held between July 7–13, 2014 in Irvine, California. The competing national teams was the United States, Japan, Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, Chinese Taipei and Venezuela.

Standings

Schedule
all times PDT

13 July, 2014

6th 7th places

 7-4

5th 6th places

 0-4

Bronze medal game

 3-1

FINAL

 5-2

References

World Cup of Softball
2014 in softball


title: Statue of Giuseppe Garibaldi (New York City)

text:
An outdoor bronze sculpture of Giuseppe Garibaldi, one of the leaders of Italian unification, is installed in Washington Square Park in Manhattan, New York.

Description and history
The statue and its granite pedestal were created by Giovanni Turini upon the organization of the editors of the newspaper Il Progresso Italo-Americano to raise funds to commemorate Garibaldi after his death. Turini was a volunteer member of Garibaldi's Fourth Regiment in the campaign against Austria in 1866. The statue was dedicated on June 4, 1888.

In 1970, in order to construct a new promenade through the park, the statue was moved fifteen feet to the east. During its movement, a glass vessel from the 1880s was discovered beneath the statue containing newspaper articles of Garibaldi's death, a history of the Committee for the Monument of Garibaldi, and poster and news clippings describing the statue's dedication.

See also

 1888 in art

References

External links

 It Happened on Washington Square by Emily Kies Folpe (p. 118)

1888 establishments in New York (state)
1888 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Manhattan
Cultural depictions of Giuseppe Garibaldi
Monuments and memorials in Manhattan
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Sculptures of men in New York City
Statues in New York City
Statues of politicians
Greenwich Village


title: Anastasiya Novikova (journalist)

text:
Anastasiya Georgievna Novikova (Анастасия Георгиевна Новикова, November 22, 1980 - June 19, 2004) was a news announcer for NTK television in Kazakhstan. Rakhat Aliyev, a former senior government official who was related by marriage to Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, was accused of involvement in her mysterious death in Lebanon.

Born in Uzbekistan of Russian parents, Novikova moved to Kazakhstan where she met one of NTK's owners, Rakhat Aliyev. When Aliyev was named ambassador to Austria in 2002, Novikova followed him to Vienna and allegedly became romantically involved. Eyewitnesses who were close associates of Aliyev testified that Novikova became pregnant with Aliyev's daughter, was coerced to marry Daniyar Esten, a cousin of Aliyev who worked at the Kazakh Embassy in Vienna, and then sent to give birth to the baby in Beirut, Lebanon.

Novikova died violently under mysterious circumstances on June 19, 2004, after a fall from the Beirut apartment building where she lived. Her body was flown from Lebanon to a remote area in Kazakhstan and "secretly buried in a pre-prepared place" according to a Kazakhstan Interior Ministry spokesman. Esten died in a traffic accident in Austria in 2005.

After Novikova's body was discovered and identified in July 2007, police raised a possible link between the dead woman and Aliyev because her remains had been taken from Lebanon to the secret burial site by people connected to the Nurbank murder case in which Aliyev was implicated. Aliyev was convicted in Kazakhstan of crimes in the Nurbank case, and in June 2014 turned himself in to the Austrian authorities on an international arrest warrant. Aliyev always maintained his innocence.

Nobody has been charged in association with Novikova's disappearance and death, and the whereabouts of her child remain publicly unknown. The widows of the murdered Nurbank executives started an organization called Tagdyr that advocates on behalf of the alleged victims of Aliyev and his associates.

Social Movement

On the 10 year anniversary of Novikova's death an international movement called JusticeForNovikova.com began with the intention to bring her alleged murderer, Rakhat Aliyev to justice. On June 19, 2014 protest were held at Lowndes Square. and according to CNN, on July 21 protests also occurred in front of the Vienna Criminal Court, where Aliyev had a scheduled court hearing.

From jail, Aliyev denounced the Justice for Novikova protesters as agents of the Kazakhstan secret services, an accusation consistent with his denunciations of high-profile European political figures. Aliyev reportedly branded his critics in the West as paid agents of Kazakhstani intelligence, and has surfaced forged documents in an effort to defame his detractors.

References

Further reading
en.tagdyr.net/
JusticeForNovikova.com
RakhatAliyev.com
Anastasiya Novikova's Story

Nursultan Nazarbayev family
Kazakhstani women journalists
1980 births
2004 deaths
20th-century journalists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Antarctica
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in North America
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Northwest Territories
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Nunavut
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Iceland
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Norway
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Russia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Svalbard

References

Bibliography

Further reading

 C. B. Skovsted and J. S. Peel. 2011. Hyolithellus in life position from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 85(1):37-47
 A. C. Daley and J. S. Peel. 2010. A Possible Anomalocaridid from the Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 84(2):352-355
 G. E. Budd and J. S. Peel. 1998. A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41(6):1201-1213
 M. Williams, D. J. Siveter, and J. S. Peel. 1996. Isoxys (arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstaette, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 70(6):947-954
 S. Conway Morris and J. S. Peel. 1990. Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland. Nature 345(28):802-805
 J. K. Rigby. 1986. Cambrian and Silurian sponges from North Greenland. Rapport Groenlands Geologiske Undersoegelse 132:51-63
 G. Säve-Söderbergh. 1935. On the dermal bones of the head in labyrinthodont stegocephalians and primitive Reptilia, with special reference to Eotriassic stegocephalians from East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 98(3):1-211

Greenland

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Manchester Mercury

text:
The Manchester Mercury was a Tory newspaper based in Manchester, England that published from 1752 until 1830.

Notes

History of Manchester
Newspapers published in Manchester
Publications disestablished in 1830
Publications established in 1752
1752 establishments in England
1830 disestablishments in England
Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom


title: Jaime Alvar Ezquerra

text:
Jaime Alvar Ezquerra (born April 20, 1955) is a Spanish historian, author and professor at the Charles III University of Madrid, specializing in ancient history.

He was born in Granada, studied Geography and History at the Complutense University of Madrid, and later continued his studies at the University of Cologne (1980-1981). He taught at the Complutense University between 1977 and 1996, the year in which he became professor in Huelva. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge in 1999-2000. He has been a professor at the Charles III University of Madrid since 2000. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Tor Vergata (Rome, Italy), Franche-Comté (France) and Potsdam (Germany). He is the older brother of Alfredo Alvar Ezquerra of the Spanish National Research Council and the younger brother of Carlos Alvar Ezquerra, Romanic philologist. Their father was Manuel Alvar Ezquerra, prominent Spanish philologist.

Areas of research

His career has focused on the early history of the Iberian Peninsula Greek and Phoenician colonization in the Mediterranean and Tartessic worlds. He is a recognized authority on Religion in ancient Rome, especially the romanization of oriental gods Mithra, Isis, Serapis, Cybele and Attis, as well as the processes of religious transformation of the indigenous peninsular world in contact with other Mediterranean peoples. He is currently working on the analysis of the construction of history and director of The Julio Caro Baroja Institute of Historiography of the Charles III University of Madrid.

Publications

 De Argantonio a los romanos: la Iberia protohistórica - Madrid: Información e Historia: Temas de Hoy, [1995].
 Cristianismo primitivo y religiones mistéricas - Madrid: Cátedra, [1995].
 La navegación prerromana en la Península Ibérica: colonizadores e indígenas - Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1981.
 Los pueblos del mar y otros movimientos de pueblos a fines del segundo milenio - Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid: Akal, D.L. 1989.
 Diccionario de Historia de España y América: Madrid: Espasa, D.L. 2002
 Diccionario de Historia de España: Madrid: Istmo, [2001] (con la colaboración de Ana Isabel Álvarez López)
 Diccionario Espasa mitología universal: Madrid: Espasa, D.L. 2000.
 Entre fenécios y visigodos [2008]

Scientific Dissemination and Popular Science

Alvar participated as advisor on the Prehistory and Early History section in the History of Spain series (Prehistoria e Historia Antigua en la serie Historia de España) produced and broadcast by Spanish TV (Televisión Española) between 2004 and 2005. He participated on the book based on the script of this series as well.
He has directed several projects for the publisher Editorial Espasa including dictionaries of Spanish history and is editor of Between Phoenicians and Visigoths, The Ancient history of The Iberian Peninsula (Entre fenicios y visigodos).

See also

 Aion (deity)
 Mithras Liturgy
 Emerita Augusta
 Parabiago plate
 Romanization (cultural)
 Instituto Cervantes
 Ministry of Education (Spain) Departamento de Humanidades: Historia, Geografía y Arte.
 Biblioteca Nacional de España (National Library of Spain)

References

External links
 Dialnet Publicaciones de D. Jaime Alvar
 Catálogo BNE Libros de D. Jaime Alvar, como author o editor, en la Biblioteca Nacional de España
 Editorial ESPASA CALPE

20th-century Spanish historians
Academic staff of the Charles III University of Madrid
People from Granada
1955 births
Living people
20th-century archaeologists
Complutense University of Madrid alumni


title: Ancachita

text:
Ancachita (possibly from Quechua anka eagle, chita young domesticated sheep / a little animal which follows its owner) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, on the border of the districts Callalli and Chivay, east of Chivay. Ancachita lies north of the higher mountains Huarancante and Jello Jello.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Arequipa Region


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Albania

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Albania.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 Geology of Albania

References

 Albania
.
.
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Armenia

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Armenia.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 Geology of Armenia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Azerbaijan
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Georgia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Russia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Turkey

References

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units
Paleontology in Armenia
 Armenia
 Armenia
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Eubule Thelwall

text:
Eubule Thelwall may refer to:

Eubule Thelwall (politician) (1557–1630), politician and Principal of Jesus College, Oxford 1621–30
Eubule Thelwall (landowner) (1622–1695), landowner and solicitor who held legal offices in North Wales and Cheshire
Eubule Thelwall (college principal) (1682–?), Principal of Jesus College, Oxford 1725–27

See also
Thelwall (disambiguation)


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Czech Republic
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovakia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Hungary
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovenia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Italy
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland

References

 Austria
Austria geography-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Azerbaijan

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Azerbaijan.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Armenia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Georgia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Russia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Turkey
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Asia

References

.
 Azerbaijan
 Azerbaijan
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Belarus

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Belarus.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Latvia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Lithuania
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Poland
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Russia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ukraine

References

Further reading

 Belarus

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Belgium

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Luxembourg
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Netherlands

References

 Belgium

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Lake Crescent (Tasmania)

text:
Lake Crescent is a man-made reservoir located in the eastern side of the Midlands region of Tasmania, Australia, approximately  north of Hobart.

Lake Crescent is the main home for the golden galaxias Galaxias auratus. Carp, Cyprinus carpio, were discovered in the lake in 1995, but were eradicated using innovative techniques. Ramsar is an internationally significant wetland game reserve. The Short Fin Freshwater Eel (Anguilla australis) used to migrate to Lake Crescent from the ocean.  However its movement has been impounded by dams on the Derwent River, and mesh screens on the Clyde River to limit the movement of carp. The Inland Fishers Service has been stocking elvers into the lake to sustain a commercial eel fishery. Other fish that are stocked and fished from the lake are brown trout and rainbow trout.

There is one boatramp into the lake accessed from Lake Crescent Road. Other roads in the vicinity are Interlaken Road C527, Dennistoun Road C528, and Laycock Drive.   The closest camping ground is at Dago Point on Lake Sorell. Named features on the western side of the lake are Teatree Point, Andrews Bay, Big Bay, Jacks Point.  The southern edge is called Table Mountain Shore. The eastern side has coastlines called Boathouse Shore, and Sandbank Shore terminating at Triffitt Point. Lakeside Island is in the northern part.

The Interlaken Waste Transfer Station is on Dennistoun Rd.

See also

Lakes of Tasmania

References

External links
Lake levels updated daily

Crescent
Midlands (Tasmania)


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Bosnia and Herzegovina

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina geography-related lists
Lists of landforms of Bosnia and Herzegovina


title: Military Academy of Venezuela

text:
The Military Academy of the Bolivarian Army (in Spanish Academia Militar del Ejército Bolivariano), historically known as the Military Academy of Venezuela, is an academy to train members of the officer corps of the National Army of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. It is also the oldest military academy in the country and one of the oldest in Latin America, having been founded on September 2, 1810.

Its campus is in Fort Tiuna in Caracas, shared with the National Guard Military Academy.

Curriculum and academic programs
Just like so many military academies in the world, the MABA is a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers of the Venezuelan Army. The academy is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education.

Academic program
The academic program consists of a structured core of subjects depending on the cadet's chosen specialty as a future Army officer, balanced between the arts and sciences. Regardless of major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree.

Military curriculum
As all cadets are commissioned as second lieutenants upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction. Military training and discipline fall under the purview of the Office of the Commandant of Cadets. Entering freshmen, or 4th class cadets, are referred to as New Cadets, and enter the academy on Reception Day (in October or November) to start off their military service training as future officers in Fort Tiuna, and are recognized as full cadets in a ceremony in March. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th years of study, aside from the usual academic work, also involve specialty training in the combat arms of the Army in their respective combat training schools. Selected cadets are also selected for foreign exchange studies in the military academies of Belarus, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Argentina.

The Academy also has links with military academies in Latin America and thus also has a sizable number of foreign exchange cadets who graduate as Second Lieutenants and with a bachelor's degree and thus return to their countries of origin to serve in their ground forces.

As the Corps of Cadets is structured into a Brigade, command of the Battalions and Companies fall under the responsibility of active duty officers in the rank of captain or major, unlike the academies in the US and UK and therefore following Prussian practice. There is also one senior Non-Commissioned Officer who acts as an assistant.

Cadet life
Cadets are not referred to as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. Instead they are officially called fourth class, third class, second class, and first class cadets. These are subdivided also into the Military Course (1st class) and the General Course cadets (4th through 2nd classes). These are distinguished by their use of either sabres and/or rifles per the Spanish and French influence (4th and 3rd class cadets, aside from sporting the rifles also carry daggers in their service uniforms), and by the color of their Pickelhaube plume on their Prussian blue full dress uniform: the MC cadets have red, while the GC cadets sport plumes by their year level (4th class - white, 3rd class - blue and 2nd class - gold), all of which reflect the colors of the Flag of Venezuela. The white plumed Pickelhaube is also worn by the officers. The year level designation is on the shoulder mark in blue with yellow stripes indicating year level. Variant service caps are also worn by female cadets, while peaked caps are used in the everyday uniform and in the service uniforms of the 4th and 3rd class cadets.

The brigade is organized into 2 battalions (1st Battalion Independence and 3rd Battalion Leander), and into the following ranks:

Rank insignia

For the General Course Cadets
 1 Cadet Lance Corporal and 1 Cadet Corporal per class for the 4th and 3rd Classes, respectively
 and the following ranks for distinguished officer cadets of the GC:
 1 Cadet Corporal First Class (per section)
 1 Cadet Sergeant (per squad)
 1 Cadet Staff Sergeant (per platoon)
 1 Cadet Sergeant First Class (per company)

For the Military Course Cadets (all Cadets 1st Class)

Aside from Cadets 1st Class and Cadet Master Sergeants, every Cadet Company has 1 Cadet First Sergeant and the battalions have 1 Cadet Sergeant Major each.

References

Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela
Military academies


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Bulgaria

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Bulgaria
Geology of Bulgaria
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Croatia

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Croatia.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Hungary
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Italy
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Serbia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovenia

References

Further reading
Paleogene
 F. Grandi and F. Bona. 2017. Prominatherium dalmatinum from the late Eocene of Grancona (Vicenza, NE Italy). The oldest terrestrial mammal of the Italian peninsula. Comptes Rendus Palevol 16(7):738-745
 C. E. Schweitzer, A. M. Shirk, V. Cosovic, Y. Okan, R. M. Feldmann and I. Hosgor. 2007. New species of Harpactocarcinus from the Tethyan Eocene and their paleoecological setting. Journal of Paleontology 81(5):1091-1100
 G. Kolosvary. 1967. Korallen und Balaniden aus den paläogenen Schichten Jugoslawiens [Corals and balanids from Paleogene beds of Yugoslavia]. Geologija 10:205-218
 R. Pavlovec. 1959. Zgornjeeocenska favna iz okolice Drnisa [Upper Eocene fauna from Drnis area]. Razprave Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti, Razred za Prirodoslovne in Medicinske Vede 5:349-416

Cretaceous
 D. K. Hennhoefer, E. Pascual-Cebrian, T. Korbar, W. Stinnesbeck, and S. Goetz. 2014. Radiolitid rudist colonisation strategies and biostrome development in moderate-energy inner-platform environments (Campanian, Brac Island, Croatia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 403:80-87
 T. Korbar, B. C. Tesovic, I. Radovanovic, K. Krizmanic, T. Steuber and P. W. Skelton. 2010. Campanian Pseudosabinia from the Pucisca Formation on the island of Hvar (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 19:721-731
 T. Korbar. 2007. Intra-association development and paleobiology of Upper Cretaceous rudist Biradiolites angulosus. In R. W. Scott (ed.), Cretaceous rudists and carbonate platforms: environmental feedback, SEPM Special Publication 87:141-150
 A. Mezga, C. A. Meyer, B. C. Tesovic, Z. Bajraktarevic, and I. Gusic. 2006. The first record of dinosaurs in the Dalmatian part (Croatia) of the Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform (ADCP). Cretaceous Research 27:735-742
 J. P. Masse, M. Fenerci-Masse, T. Korbar and I. Velic. 2004. Lower Aptian rudist faunas (Bivalvia, Hippuritoidea) from Croatia. Geologia Croatica 57(2):117-137
 A. Laviano and P. W. Skelton. 1992. Favus antei, a new genus and species of a bizarre "big cell" radiolitid from the Upper Cretaceous of eastern Tethys. Geologica Romana 28:61-77

Jurassic
 A. Mezga, D. Buckovic, and F. Santak. 2017. New dinosaur tracksite in the Late Jurassic of Kirmenjak quarry (Istria). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 123(3):443-454
 A. Mezga, B. C. Tesovic, and Z. Bajraktarevic. 2007. First record of dinosaurs in the Late Jurassic of the Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform (Croatia). Palaios 22(2):188-199

Triassic
 B. Sokac and T. Grgasovic. 1998. Asterocalculus heraki n. gen., n. sp., a new calcareous alga (Gymnocodiaceae) from the Upper Triassic Hauptdolomite of Zumberak, north Croatia. Facies 38:197-206

Permian
 J. Sremac. 1986. Middle Permian brachiopods from the Velebit Mts. (Croatia, Yogoslavia). Palaeontologia Jugoslavica 35:1-43
 E. Flügel, V. Kochansky-Devidé, and A. Ramovs. 1984. A Middle Permian calcisponge/algal/cement reef: Straza near Bled, Slovenia. Facies 10:179-256

 Croatia
Geology of Croatia

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Cyprus

text:
This page lists the fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Cyprus.

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greece
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Cyprus
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Turkey
 Geology of Cyprus
 Petra tou Romiou
 Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus
 Cyprus dwarf elephant
 Argonauta absyrtus

References

Further reading
 L. G. Bragina. 2008. Radiolarians of the family Neosciadiocapsidae from the Turonian-Santonian of the Perapedhi Formation, southern Cyprus. Paleontological Journal 42(2):127–138
 N. Y. Bragin. 2007. Late Triassic radiolarians of southern Cyprus. Paleontological Journal 41(10):951–1029
 S. Q. Dornbos and M. A. Wilson. 1999. Paleoecology of a Pliocene coral reef in Cyprus: recovery of a marine community from the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 213(1):103–118
 E. Flügel. 1960. Heterastridium conglobatum conglobatum Reuss, an Upper Triassic hydrozoan from the Petra-tou-Roumiou Limestone of Pendakomo, Cyprus. Journal of Paleontology 34(1):127–132
 E. J. Follows, A. H. F. Robertson, and T. P. Scoffin. 1996. Tectonic controls on Miocene reefs and related carbonate facies in Cyprus. SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 5:295–315
 D. M. Martill and M. J. Barker. 2006. A paper nautilus (Octopoda, Argonauta) from the Miocene Pakhna Formation of Cyprus. Palaeontology 49(5):1035–1041
 F. R. C. Reed. 1935. Notes on the Neogene faunas of Cyprus, II. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15(85):1–31
 A. Sanfilippo, A. Hakyemez, and U.K. Tekin. 2003. Biostratigraphy of Late Paleocene- Middle Eocene radiolarians and foraminifera from Cyprus. Micropaleontology 49(1–2):47–64

.
Cyprus geography-related lists
 Cyprus
 Cyprus


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Czech Republic

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Czech Republic
Geology of the Czech Republic
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Hagit Attiya

text:
Hagit Attiya is an Israeli computer scientist who holds the Harry W. Labov and Charlotte Ullman Labov Academic Chair of Computer Science at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel. Her research is in the area of distributed computing.

Education and career
Attiya was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning a B.S. in mathematics and computer science in 1981, a master's degree from the same university in 1983, and a doctorate in 1987, under the supervision of Danny Dolev. After postdoctoral studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she joined the Technion faculty in 1990.

She has been the editor-in-chief of the journal Distributed Computing since 2008.

Awards and honors
Attiya became a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2009 for "contributions to distributed and parallel computing".

In 2011, Attiya and her co-authors Danny Dolev and Amotz Bar-Noy won the Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing for their work on implementing shared memory using message passing, published in the Journal of the ACM in 1995. She was also the recipient of the Michael Bruno Memorial Award from Yad Hanadiv in 2011.

Selected publications

Research papers

Books

References

External links
Home page

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Israeli computer scientists
Israeli women computer scientists
Researchers in distributed computing
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Denmark

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Norway
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Sweden
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany

References

 Denmark

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Estonia

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Estonia

Estonia geology-related lists
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 France
France geography-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Georgia (country)

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

Georgia (country) geography-related lists
.
 Georgia
 Georgia


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 Geology of Germany

References

 Germany

Germany geology-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greece

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Greece
Geology of Greece
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Hungary.

List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Hungary

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovakia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ukraine
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Romania
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Serbia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Croatia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovenia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Austria

References

 Hungary

Hungary geography-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Republic of Ireland

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Ireland
Ireland geography-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Italy

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Italy
Paleontology in Italy
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Kazakhstan

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Asia
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

.
.
 Kazakhstan
 Kazakhstan
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Latvia

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Latvia
Geology of Latvia
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Liechtenstein

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Liechtenstein
Geology of Liechtenstein
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Lithuania

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Lithuania

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Luxembourg

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Luxembourg
Geology of Luxembourg
Paleontology in Luxembourg
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Malta

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Malta
Geology of Malta

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Moldova

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Moldova
Geology of Moldova
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of Cobra video games

text:
There are several video games based on Buichi Terasawa's manga series Cobra. The games have been released on home and handheld consoles, as well as on personal computers, mobile phones and pachinko. The first games to be released from the Cobra series were Space Cobra Professional and The Psychogun, which were published in 1982, and the latest release is Cobra the Drum, which was released in 2014. Amidst the several games released—most of them are Japan-exclusive products—Cobra and Cobra II were developed by French company Loriciels while The Space Adventure is the only Japanese game published in North America and Europe.

Video games

Notes
Japanese

References

video games
Cobra
Cobra


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Netherlands

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Netherlands
Geology of the Netherlands
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Norway

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Denmark

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Svalbard
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Sweden

References

Bibliography

.

 Norway
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Poland

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Poland
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Portugal

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Portugal

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Romania

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Romania

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Russia

text:
References

.
.
 Russia
 Russia
Russia geology-related lists


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in San Marino

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 San Marino
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Serbia

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Serbia
Geology of Serbia
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovakia

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Slovakia
Geologic formations of Slovakia
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Slovenia

text:
Fossil-bearing stratigraphic units found in Slovenia span time periods from the Carboniferous to the Neogene.

Stratigraphic formations

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Slovenia
Geologic formations of Slovenia
Slovenia geology-related lists
Paleontology in Slovenia


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Spain

text:
Correlation of the Early Cretaceous

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

.
 Spain
.
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Forrest C. Eggleston

text:
Forrest Cary Eggleston (September 28, 1920 to Nov 7, 2016) was an American surgeon who trained 101 residents at  Christian Medical College Ludhiana in India.

Biography
Eggleston is an alumnus of Princeton University, and passed his MD in 1945 from Cornell University Medical College. He then trained first in general surgery and then in cardio-thoracic surgery. He worked in different hospitals in New York till December 1953 and then moved to India.

He moved to India to work as a missionary training doctors in the field of surgery.

He first worked in a small town in Himachal for a few years.
Then he moved to Christian Medical College, Ludhiana as the head of surgery department and spent the rest of his 33 years in India over there.
Ludhiana was a small town in those days. He developed the department of general surgery and cardio-thoracic surgery and trained 101 surgeons.

Eggleston received the Woodrow Wilson award from Princeton University in 2000

His work and experiences are summarised in his book Christian Medical College, Ludhiana: A 33 Year Experience 1953-1986 : a Personal Perspective

Eggleston was the founder president of the Northern Chapter of Association of surgeons of India.
Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India,   has dedicated a library to his name:

He was the director of Christian Medical College and Hospital from 1982 to 1986. He retired after holding this highest office in the medical college and went back home to USA. http://cmcludhiana.in/cmc_2014/directors-office/

Dr Eggleston died pm Nov 7, 2016 in a retirement home in Mechanicsbergh.

References

External links
 http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/18769/1/Eggleston_Cary_1966.pdf
 http://www.ctsnet.org/home/rceggleston

Princeton University alumni
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Sweden

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Sweden

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Switzerland

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Turkey

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Asia

References

.
 Turkey
 Turkey
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Ukraine

text:
See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Europe

References

 Ukraine

Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Military Academy of the Bolivarian Navy

text:
The Military Academy of the Bolivarian Navy (in Spanish Academia Militar de la Armada Bolivariana), is an academy to train future officers of the Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela. Established in 1811, it is Venezuela's and America's oldest existing naval academy. At the end of training, the successful naval cadet graduates as an Officer of the Navy, and is commissioned to the military rank of Lieutenant Junior Grade.

Mission-vision statement
The mission of the Military Academy of the Bolivarian Navy is:
To train naval cadets through a comprehensive process, with solid leadership principles, ethics, morals, sense of responsibility and relevance, optimal mental and physical conditions, educating in naval scenarios through the geo-strategic domain of computer systems and high technology, allowing to obtain a professional profile upon his or her graduation to serve as an Officer of the Navy of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, including in the National Fleet and the Marine Corps.

It is envisioned thereforce as a center of naval officer training with higher moral and ethnical values, with a process of quality and excellence that is flexible enough to adapt and adjust to the advances of the naval sector, projecting itself as the best naval academy in all of Latin America.

References

Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela
Naval academies


title: Infestation (Under the Dome)

text:
"Infestation" is the second episode of the second season of the CBS drama series Under the Dome, and the fifteenth episode overall. The episode premiered on July 7, 2014.

The episode received mixed reviews from critics, though some commented positively calling it an improvement from the second-season premiere.

Plot
Having been spared by the Dome, James "Big Jim" Rennie (Dean Norris) starts to have a change of heart from the previous mindset of himself being most important to being generally helpful towards the entire town. Residents start to trust him considerably more, thinking of him as a hero for attempting to sacrifice himself.

After a caterpillar infestation begins to take control of all the town's crops Rebecca Pine (Karla Crome) takes action by burning fields, and later enlists the help of Big Jim and Dale "Barbie" Barbara (Mike Vogel) to use an old crop-duster to spray the fields with pesticides. This nearly sees the demise of Barbie as fuel runs low on the airplane. Big Jim saves his life by revealing a secret reserve tank, enabling Barbie to land safely, solidifying Jim's status of hero.

Following Angie McAlister's (Britt Robertson) murder, there is a manhunt for the person responsible for the crime. Initially, the girl (Grace Victoria Cox) who was rescued by Julia Shumway (Rachelle Lefevre) is the main suspect, as her shoe-print was found near the crime scene in a puddle of blood. Jim and James "Junior" Rennie (Alexander Koch) both suspect each other initially. When Joe McAlister (Colin Ford) tells Junior about the shoe-print and that the girl was arrested  they head to the jail cell to murder this mysterious stranger. However it is soon discovered that it was a man who did the deed. Julia and Sam Verdreaux (Eddie Cahill) find bruising on Angie's arm — large, widely spaced fingerprints only a man could have inflicted. Junior is unable to shoot the girl but Joe is ready to before being stopped by Julia and Sam. Junior later heads to his Uncle Sam's shack to reveal that the previous night he had been drunk and blacked out. He later found Angie's bracelet under his cot and believes he may have been the man who killed Angie.

Reception
The episode was watched by 7.70 million American viewers and received an 18–49 rating/share of 1.7/5, marking series lows for ratings and viewership. The show placed first in its timeslot and third for the night, falling behind MasterChef and The Bachelorette. Including DVR viewership the episode was watched by a total of 11.21 million viewers and attained an 18–49 rating of 2.7. Further research indicated that 12.08 million viewers watched the episode.

Much like the previous episode, this episode received generally mixed to negative reviews from critics.

Chancellor Agard of Entertainment Weekly gave the episode a positive review compared to the previous episode, saying it "makes up for where the season premiere failed because there are moments that do a fairly good job of setting up this season's conflicts and viewer expectations." Marc Buxton of Den of Geek gave the episode a moderate review, giving a 3 out of 5, saying "Things are going to get biblical in Chester’s Mill, huh? Ok, I can deal with that. This week’s episode didn’t bring the locusts, but it did bring an infestation of caterpillars in the first of the plagues the residents of Chester’s Mill must face in the coming weeks. It’s all good as the second installment of season two was much more cohesive and controlled than last week’s premiere, making this episode mostly a winner."

Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a 5.2 out of 10, signaling mixed reviews, saying Under the Dome continued along with its paper-thin, on-the-nose "science vs. faith" story - absurdly represented on both sides. We got a threat that never felt like a true threat and a couple of citizens once again leaping to conclusions and trying to take the law, or at least retribution, into their own hands. It was at least good to know that Big Jim hadn't completely shed his egomaniac ways since he stands out as one of the only series regulars to not be given arbitrary motivations from one episode to the next. It's almost a shame that they pulled the villain card so early with him back in Season 1 and now have to rein him back in.

Scott Von Doviak of The A.V. Club gave the episode a C− rating, saying "Only two episodes into the season, Under The Dome is already back in Crisis-of-the-Week mode. The butterflies are reproducing too quickly because of, oh, let’s say magnets, and the caterpillars they hatch are devouring all the crops, which they wouldn’t normally do, except...magnets. (Cue Insane Clown Posse scratching their heads.) Who needs a reason, really? The answer is always 'that’s what the dome wanted,' even if no two people can agree on what it is the dome actually wants."

References

2014 American television episodes
Under the Dome (TV series) episodes
Television episodes directed by Ernest Dickerson


title: John F. Godfrey

text:
John Franklin Godfrey (1839–1885) was a sailor, a soldier and officer in the U.S. Civil War, a city attorney of Los Angeles, California, and an attorney in private practice who, among other activities, represented people arrested for operating businesses on  Sundays.

Personal

Godfrey was born in 1839 in Bangor, Maine, the son of John Godfrey a Central Maine lawyer. Young Godfrey attended Bangor High School.

He settled in Los Angeles in 1874, purchased a house on Adams Street in the southwestern part of the city and began cultivating oranges. Godfrey married twice, his first wife dying in Los Angeles, and two years later he married again.

Godfrey was credited with saving the life of Henry Hunt, who faced a lynch mob in Los Angeles after he was put into jail and accused of murdering George W. Gillis, a popular deputy sheriff.

Col. Godfrey, seeing that the man could only be saved from lawless violence by a ruse, addressed the crowd and made a pretense of endorsing the proposed lynching. But he added that ... there was a way in which the crowd could give a better proof of its sympathy with the murdered man's family. who had been left in destitute circumstances. This was to make a contribution of money to the widow. ... But many in the crowd, though anxious to take a hand in the hanging, did not feel sympathetic enough to give anything, and began to disperse the minute the hat started on its rounds.

He died suddenly on June 29, 1885, leaving a wife and four or five children. A memorial service attracted nearly every lawyer in the city, and burial took place in the family plot.

Vocation

Sailing and sheepherding

Instead of attending college, Godfrey became a merchant sailor at about age 15 at first against the wishes of his parents, "but with their final consent that he might try the life for a year." He shipped on the Young Eagle to New Brunswick and Liverpool, England, thence on the Northland to New Orleans and Texas. In another ship he sailed as far as Buenos Ayres in South America. Having pursued sailing for two years he left ship there and became a sheepherder. Eventually, "in partnership with several other Americans—his brother among the number," he secured the leasehold of a large estate and "the proprietorship of a band of sheep."

Military

At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Godfrey returned to the United States and at age 21 he enlisted as a private in the First Maine Cavalry, but in two weeks he had secured an appointment as a first lieutenant in the First Maine Battery, Light Artillery. In August 1862, Godfrey received an order from General Butler in New Orleans detaching him from the battery and giving him permission to raise a company of cavalry in the city.  He applied for a captaincy of one of them, and received the order to raise the company (Company C, 1st Louisiana Cavalry, US).  As Captain of Company C, Godfrey, had participated in a large number of expeditions, skirmishes and battles against the Confederates in Louisiana, including the Siege of Port Hudson (May 23 - July 9, 1863), and the Battle of Clinton (June 3, 1863).  By 1864 he had been promoted bo lieutenant colonel with the Second Maine Cavalry. He resigned from the Army in summer of that year because of ill health.

After the war, Godfrey enlisted as a scout for a government expedition into Sioux country, under the command of James A. Sawyers. It was written that Godfrey, pursued by Indians and in search of help for besieged companions, once "walked 150 miles in three days and three nights, never halting for a moment's rest or sleep" and subsisting "on a chunk of raw bacon."

Civilian

In 1866 Godfrey left Montana, worked in laboring jobs in Austin, Nevada; Marysville, California, and San Francisco, then went back to Maine to read law in his father's office in Bangor and become a lawyer.

One of his clients was the Total Wreck Mining Company, which was seeking a patent. He traveled to Washington, D.C., in a successful urging of this claim, and returned with J.M. Requa of New York, the company president.

In December 1876 Godfrey was elected Los Angeles city attorney on the People's ticket, and in 1878 he was reelected on the Workingman's ticket. In 1880 he received a nomination for Congress as a candidate of the Greenback-Labor Party but lost the election. In 1882 he was selected as a delegate to the state convention of the Greenbackers in San Francisco.

Godfrey and Stephen M. White represented a group of defendants who in 1882 were prosecuted for having violated the Sunday closing laws that had been in effect in Los Angeles for the preceding nineteen years. Answering a prosecution against saloonkeeper Jacob Phillipi, who had "knowingly and willfully"  kept his business open on Sunday, Godfrey argued that the law was being enforced only against "one class" of business, that of saloons, and he compared the prosecution to that of the burning of witches in Salem, Massachusetts. The jury was unable to return a verdict, seven for conviction and five for acquittal, and it was dismissed.

References and notes

External links
 John Franklin Godfrey archive at The Historic New Orleans Collection

Lawyers from Bangor, Maine
People from West Adams, Los Angeles
1839 births
1885 deaths
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Los Angeles City Attorneys
19th-century American lawyers


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Republic of Kosovo

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Republic of Kosovo.

References

 Kosovo
Geology of Kosovo
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Cyprus

text:
This is a list of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Cyprus.

References

Northern Cyprus-related lists
List
 Northern Cyprus
 Northern Cyprus


title: Melbourne Airport rail link

text:
Melbourne Airport Rail is a proposed rail link from the Melbourne CBD to Melbourne Airport at Tullamarine. Since October 2022, the project has also been considered as part of the Suburban Rail Loop (SRL) and branded as SRL Airport. The rail link will run through the under-construction Metro Tunnel, running 27 km from the airport to Town Hall station in the city centre with 12 km of new track between the airport and Sunshine station. The link will be a new branch of the Melbourne Metro rail network and run High-Capacity Metro Trains at a 10-minute frequency. The project is being delivered by the Victorian state government agency Rail Projects Victoria.

A rail link to Melbourne Airport had been proposed in multiple forms at various times in the history of the airport. Most such proposals had been for a heavy rail line between the airport Melbourne CBD, often as an integrated component of the Melbourne rail network. Some plans, however, have utilised alternative forms of mass transit or suggested a segregated and dedicated public transport link to the airport. Relieving traffic congestion and creating better access to the airport are frequently cited as reasons for the development of the link. Businesses that would be negatively impacted by an airport rail link include Transurban, whose CityLink toll revenue would be affected, and Melbourne Airport, whose revenue from car parking would be reduced.

In 2018, the Victorian government announced its intention to proceed with a link running via Sunshine station. A preliminary business case was completed later that year, and in early 2019, the federal government partially agreed to fund the project. In 2020 it was announced that the link would run through the city via the Metro Tunnel.

Early construction began in 2022, while major construction was expected to start in 2023 with an estimated completion of 2029. However in April 2023, then Deputy Premier of Victoria Jacinta Allan said that due to an impasse over negotiations with Melbourne Airport, the opening of the rail link will likely be delayed. In May 2023, due to a federal government review on major infrastructure projects, the Victorian government put the project on indefinite pause. The awarding of new contracts had been paused until the review is completed and confirmation that the project will proceed with federal funding.

Background

Melbourne Airport is located  north-west of the Melbourne City Centre adjacent to the industrial suburb of Tullamarine. In the 2016–17 financial year, 34.8 million passengers and 237,000 aircraft movements were recorded, making it the second-busiest airport in Australia by passenger numbers.

The airport is served by the Tullamarine Freeway, which connects to the Melbourne city centre via the CityLink tollway. An express bus service, SkyBus, connects the airport to Southern Cross railway station, a main railway terminus, with a 20–40 minute travel time and various private bus services also serve the airport precinct. A SmartBus route connects to Broadmeadows railway station with a one-hour journey time to the CBD at regular public transport fares.

History

20th century
With the appointment of a panel to examine the aviation needs of the growing city of Melbourne in 1958, and its recommendation of a site at Tullamarine on the city's north-western outskirts in 1959, the earliest suggestions for a railway line were made by stakeholders in the new facility's success. The City Development Association proposed connecting any new airport to the public transport as early as 1958, and Trans Australia Airlines proposed tunnelling directly between the CBD and the airport when the site was announced. Reg Ansett, however, another direct beneficiary of the new airport, envisioned helicopters and freeways becoming the primary modes of transport for passengers and staff.

The first legislative attempt at a rail link to the new airport was made in 1965, while it was still under construction. Minister for Transport Edward Meagher introduced the Glenroy Tullamarine Rail Construction Bill 1965 to the state parliament, proposing the construction of a link between the Broadmeadows line at Glenroy and the new "jetport". During the bill's reading in the Lower House, Meagher estimated the new line's cost at £1.5 million, and suggested that it ought to be constructed in conjunction with a third track into the city along the existing line, works which formed part of the Victorian Railways 10-year strategic plan at the time.

The bill was focused on acquiring land and protecting the reservation for a future railway line in the interests of cost savings, and Meagher acknowledged that construction could not be justified at least until the airport had opened. However, opposing parties voted against the bill on the basis that such a railway would never be economically viable, instead suggesting a branch from the Albion–Jacana freight line in order to extend public transport option to the growing north-western suburbs. Nevertheless, the plan did reach the Upper House, where it was referred to a committee for further evaluation, but the parliamentary session lapsed before any further action was taken, and subsequent rounds of railway funding did not include any related works.

In the decades following the opening of Melbourne Airport, a number of proposals for mass transit links to the CBD emerged, many of which came from private investors and utilised emergent or unconventional technologies. One such proposal, Aerotrain, was presented by a consortium which had received the backing of the French government in the early 1970s to construct a monorail from Paris to Pontoise. The company proposed a similar system for Melbourne, and a feasibility study was conducted, which found the technology had a significant cost advantage over traditional heavy rail. The company's efforts were stymied by the French government's withdrawal of support in 1974 and the death of its leader in 1975, and no further progress eventuated.

Development of Sunshine route
The Liberal state government led by Jeff Kennett reserved land for an extension of what was then the Broadmeadows line to the airport via Westmeadows. Then, in 2001, the Bracks government investigated the construction of a heavy rail link to the airport under the Linking Victoria programme. Two options were considered; the first branched off the Craigieburn line to the east, and the second branched off the Albion–Jacana freight line, which passes close to the airport's boundary to the south. The second option was preferred. Market research concluded most passengers preferred travelling to the airport by taxi or car, and poor patronage of similar links in Sydney and Brisbane cast doubt on the viability of the project. This led to the project being deferred until at least 2012. On 21 July 2008, the Premier Steve Bracks reaffirmed the government's commitment to a rail link and said that it would be considered within three to five years. To maximise future development options, the airport lobbied for the on-grounds section of the railway to be underground.

In 2010, Martin Pakula of the Labor Party, newly appointed Minister for Public Transport, announced that the rail link had been taken off the agenda with new freeway options being explored instead, however a change of government at the 2010 Victorian State Election to Liberals, saw policy for the introduction of the rail link return to the agenda, with a promise by the incoming Coalition government to undertake planning for its construction.

Proposals in January 2013 to improve the bus service to the airport involving turning emergency lanes into bus lanes on the freeway and the Bolte Bridge and  allowing Myki to be used on SkyBus services were challenged by CityLink operator Transurban, because it would limit its toll revenue, and by Melbourne Airport, because it would reduce its car parking profits. Similar objections would apply to a rail link.

On 13 March 2013, the Victorian Liberal government under then Premier, Denis Napthine, announced that the Melbourne Airport Rail Link would be constructed around 2015/16 running from the CBD via Sunshine station and the Albion–Jacana freight line. This proposal never became a reality, with the Napthine Government losing office to the Labor Party at the 2014 state election.

Andrews government proposal

From the mid-2010s, following the construction of the Regional Rail Link, consensus shifted toward integrating an airport rail link into the regional rail network instead of the stand-alone metropolitan line affirmed by the NDPMR. A much-publicised 2016 report by advocacy group the Rail Futures Institute, which primarily focused on improving capacity and journey times to regional centres, recommended using a new diversion of the Bendigo and Seymour lines to serve the airport at the same time as segregating the regional lines from metropolitan services.

In 2015 and 2016, the Andrews government decided to shelve the Airport rail link proposal and instead focus on inner city rail projects such as the Melbourne Metro Rail Project. The airport line was excluded from the Metro Tunnel's eventual 2016 business case, with Public Transport Victoria (PTV) recognising the tunnel's entire capacity would be needed to serve the Sunbury and newly electrified Melton lines; planners recommended that any airport link would have to use further new capacity into the city. But after enormous pressure from the Coalition Federal Governments of Tony Abbott and Malcolm Turnbull to plan for a proposal, the Andrews Government announced in May 2017 that it would spend $10 million along with the Turnbull government’s $30 million to devise a rail link planning study. On 23 November 2017, Premier Daniel Andrews told business groups that construction on a rail link between the Airport and Melbourne's Southern Cross station via Sunshine station would begin construction within the next 10 years.

On 12 April 2018, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced that the Federal Government would pledge $5 billion for a rail link between the airport and Melbourne's CBD. He had also stated that the Victorian State Government would also have to match Federal funding in order for the project to proceed. With a 50–50 funding split between the State and Federal governments, a possible private investment in the project could see the total cost rise to $15 billion.

On 22 July 2018, the State Government announced that it would provide $5 billion to match Federal Government funding for the Airport rail link, allowing the project to become a reality. Under the state government's plan, a business case would be completed by the end of 2019 and construction would commence by 2022. Then, in early September, the airport link featured in the state government's Suburban Rail Loop proposal, as part of an orbital line extending from Cheltenham in the city's east to Werribee in the west.

Later in September, a private consortium including the operators of Melbourne Airport and Southern Cross station, as well as Metro Trains Melbourne, the incumbent metropolitan rail franchisee, and IFM Investors, presented an unsolicited proposal to the government, offering to contribute $5 billion in private equity alongside the existing government contributions. The consortium, AirRail Melbourne, proposed using the funds to substantially rebuild Southern Cross, and provide dedicated tracks along the entire route via Sunshine.

Following the state election in November, the returned Andrews government confirmed that a preliminary business case for the project had been completed. However, it refused to release the document, instead claiming that a full business case would be completed the following year and publicly released.

Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Premier Andrews announced at a joint media conference in March 2019 that an agreement had been reached between the state and federal government to provide $5 billion in funding each towards the airport link. The agreement provided for a total cost of up to $13 billion, with the remaining funds to be sought from private sector investors, and committed the state government to completing a business case within 12 months. Andrews restated the government's intention to start construction by 2022, and said that he expected construction to take up to nine years.

Planning

Route options
The 2013 study conducted by PTV assessed over 80 options in addition to the Albion East "base case" developed by previous planning work. Ultimately, four options were shortlisted and recommended for further analysis. The same four options were presented in 2018 by the federal government during its announcement of funds, on the understanding that a preliminary business case to be completed in September that year would recommend one of the options.

 Sunshine/Albion East: The Albion East route uses existing passenger rail alignments from the city centre to Albion via Sunshine. It then follows the Albion–Jacana line alignment, used primarily for freight traffic, before following a new reservation north-west to the airport. This route was identified as the preferred option by the 2013 PTV study, and is the preferred option of the Andrews state government, in both cases due to its connectivity to the existing network.
 Direct Tunnel: This route uses an entirely new alignment, constructed as a tunnel between the city centre and the above-ground reservation used by the Albion East route, from which point it continues to the airport. Because of its directness, this route provides the fastest travel time to the airport of the four shortlisted routes. The tunnel potentially travels via the Victoria University campus at Footscray, Highpoint Shopping Centre and the site of the former Department of Defence munitions factory at Maribyrnong. Although this option is the most expensive among the shortlisted routes, and was therefore not recommended by the PTV study, it was the preferred option of the federal government because of its potential to service a new housing estate on the Defence site.
 Flemington – via Milleara Road, Highpoint Shopping Centre, Flemington
 Craigieburn – via Attwood, Coolaroo, Broadmeadows. The originally suggested route in the 1960s, and the cheapest due to being able to utilise existing land reservations to built above ground. However, it could cause longer delays on level crossings along the Craigieburn line from the extra services.

Preferred route

The Victorian State government has committed to the Sunshine route, with the release of its Strategic Assessment of the route in July 2018. The Federal government under then-Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull had pushed for the direct tunnel route through Maribyrnong, as it proposed to redevelop the unused Defence site along the Maribyrnong River into a new residential area and connect the airport to the nearby Highpoint Shopping Centre. In 2019, under the new Prime Minister Scott Morrison, both the federal and state governments backed the Sunshine route as part of their funding commitments to the project.

Government planning explored a number of questions about the route: including how it will interact with the under construction Metro Tunnel, the planned Suburban Rail Loop, and potential faster rail to Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo. The State Government had indicated that new Sunshine to CBD rail capacity, built as part of the Airport Rail Link, could be used by new, faster train services to Geelong and Ballarat. This would be delivered alongside new, electrified Metro lines to Melton and Wyndham Vale as part of the Government's Western Rail Plan. Planning for regional fast rail will take place alongside the business case development for the Airport Rail Link. This proposal would have built upon a plan by the Rail Futures Institute to use the Airport Rail Link to deliver faster regional rail. In 2019 the Government indicated it did not want to build a dedicated tunnel between the CBD and Sunshine for Airport and regional trains due to cost.

Metro Tunnel branch

In late 2020 the State and Federal Governments announced that the Airport Rail Link would be built as a branch of the metropolitan lines that are to run through the Metro Tunnel, with trains not running to Southern Cross Station but instead running into the CBD through the five new underground Metro Tunnel stations, then on towards Pakenham and Cranbourne. New twin track is to be built from Sunshine to the airport, with modified High-Capacity Metro Trains to share track with Sunbury trains towards the city. Trains are to run every 10 minutes, taking 29 minutes to run from Town Hall station in the city centre to the Airport. More than 30 stations will have a one-seat journey to the airport under the plan. The government also rejected a private-sector offer to build a 7 km express tunnel from Southern Cross to West Footscray. Instead construction is set to start in 2022 with the full line opening in 2029. The government also announced it was considering adding an additional station along the new line between Sunshine and the airport, near Airport West and Keilor Park.

In September 2022, the State Government released the project's business case, which found the project would return an economic benefit of $2.10 for every dollar spent. The Transport Infrastructure Minister Jacinta Allan also announced that the airport station would be elevated, rather than underground, and that a new station would be added at Keilor Park in Melbourne's north-west. The elevated design, Allan said, would be quicker to build, cheaper and cause less disruption. Melbourne Airport objected to the proposal, calling for the station to be underground in order to facilitate its plans for terminal expansion.

Project description

The airport link will be a branch of Melbourne's existing metropolitan rail network, running express from Sunshine to the airport. 12 km of new double track will be built from Sunshine station to a new premium station at Melbourne Airport. A new rail bridge will be built above the Maribynong River next to the existing heritage Albion Viaduct. The new bridge will be 55 metres high and 383 metres long and become the second-highest bridge in Victoria after the West Gate Bridge.

Sunshine station will be expanded as part of the plan, becoming a new hub for transfers from suburban and regional services to the airport line. A new concourse will be built, along with new platforms, platform extensions and accessibility upgrades. A large 18 metre high flyover will be built above Albion station and Ballarat Road. There will be a 6 km long section of elevated rail over the Western Ring Road and Airport Drive. The airport station will be an elevated terminal station, connected by walkway to the airport's main terminals. The design will accommodate a future Suburban Rail Loop connection.

A second new station is to be built along the line at the border of Airport West and Keilor Park to serve Melbourne's north-west.

At the city end, the airport line will run through the new underground Metro Tunnel stations at State Library and Town Hall, which will allow interchange to all other suburban services via the existing major stations Melbourne Central and Flinders Street, respectively. High Capacity Metro Trains, 7-car trains introduced as part of the Metro Tunnel project, will run to the airport, and high-capacity signalling will be installed along the new airport line.

Airport trains will run every ten minutes all-day, taking approximately 30 minutes to reach the CBD from the airport. Ticketing will be through the metropolitan rail network's Myki smart-card system and be priced similar to existing Skybus fares.

Construction

The airport link is to be delivered across a number of construction packages. In June 2021, the first package was put out to tender for works around Sunshine and Albion stations. In November 2021 two works packages were put out for the premium station at Melbourne Airport and a 6 km long section of elevated rail over the Western Ring Road and above Airport Drive. In March 2022, a contract was awarded to Laing O'Rourke as managing contractor to deliver early works on the project, including the relocation and protection of utilities along the route, with works to begin in late 2022.

In late October 2022, construction starting on the rail link with works to relocate six electricity transmission towers. Premier Daniel Andrews announced a consortium of FCC Construction Australia and Winslow Infrastructure was selected as the preferred contractor to deliver a package of major construction works including the 550m bridge over the Maribynong River.

A second contract of works, the Sunshine Systems Alliance package, was awarded to a consortium of John Holland, CPB, KBR and AECOM, and included train signalling across the entire Airport rail corridor, works to Sunshine station, works to Albion station, and twin tracks between Sunshine station and the Albion-Jacana corridor, including the new Albion rail flyover. The Corridor Package, which includes the new Keilor East station and new track over the Western Ring Road, was set to be awarded in 2023.
The Premier also announced $143 million in extra funding for developing Sunshine station and its surroundings, including a new bus interchange and new open space as part of the Sunshine station masterplan, which was released at the same time. The project was also rebranded as SRL Airport to emphasise its role in the Suburban Rail Loop corridor.

Project delay and indefinite pause
In the lead-up to the May 2023 state budget, media reports suggested there may be a delay in the project's opening date. In a radio interview, Deputy Premier Jacinta Allan said slow and difficult negotiations with Melbourne Airport over the use of airport land for the project had caused delays.

Melbourne media also reported that the state government had requested a four-year delay in the project from the federal government and planned to abandon the $2 billion Geelong fast rail project, due to budget pressures and the construction sector being over capacity.

On 17 May 2023, the state government confirmed that contracting for further works on the project would be temporarily paused and no new contracts would be entered into until the completion of a major Commonwealth Government review of the country's infrastructure pipeline. Early works would continue as part of the awarded contract, but no new contracts were to be entered into. Reports suggested some construction workers may be temporarily redeployed to other Victorian infrastructure projects. The Albanese government on 1 May had announced a 90-day review into the previous federal government's infrastructure funding commitments, signalling some projects may be delayed or cancelled. States were informed that projects funded by the federal government could not sign new contracts without express permission from the Commonwealth. The news of a potential four-year delay prompted renewed calls in the press for dedicated lanes on the Tullamarine Freeway for the current SkyBus service to Melbourne Airport.

See also
 Melbourne Airport
 Avalon Airport railway line
 Suburban Rail Loop
 Proposed Melbourne rail extensions

References

Bibliography

External links
Melbourne Airport Rail website
Public Transport Victoria – Melbourne Airport Rail Link Study

Proposed railway lines in Australia
Railway lines in Melbourne
Rail transport in Melbourne
Public transport in Melbourne
Airport rail links in Australia
2029 in rail transport
Rail link


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Gibraltar

text:
References

 Gibraltar
Geology of Gibraltar
Gibraltar-related lists


title: Old Harbour

text:
Old Harbour may refer to :

Old Harbour, Jamaica, town
The Old Harbour, Kingston upon Hull, early harbouring point on the River Hull
The old harbour (porto antico) in Genoa, Italy
The Old Harbour in Weymouth, Dorset, England
The Old Harbour in Portencross, Scotland

See also
Old Harbor, Alaska


title: List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Isle of Man

text:
References

Isle of Man
Geology of the Isle of Man
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units


title: Joe Cantafio

text:
Joseph Cantafio (born April 6, 1952) is an American retired college basketball coach. Cantafio spent a total of eleven seasons as a head coach, with the Virginia Military Institute (1986–1994) and Furman University (1994–1997). A graduate of the University of Scranton, Cantafio is vice president of The Blewitt Foundation, an organization that supports military families, as well as an assistant director at the Center for Sports Leadershipfor for Virginia Commonwealth University. He is also a member of the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame.

Early life
Cantafio was born on April 6, 1952, in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and attended Dunmore High School. He attended college at the nearby University of Scranton and graduated in 1974 with a BS in history. Cantafio played on the school's basketball team for three years and was captain of the team as a senior. He also lettered in baseball and received an NCAA Postgraduate Scholarship from Scranton.

Coaching career
Cantafio began coaching immediately following his graduation from Scranton, joining Cardinal Gibbons High School in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1974. He led the Crusaders for four seasons in which he posted a 91–25 record at the school. Cantafio then spent one year with Abington Heights High School in his home state of Pennsylvania.

Following a 13–15 campaign at Abington Heights, Cantafio then joined DeMatha Catholic High School as an assistant where he served under legendary Morgan Wootten (who has the second most wins as a head coach in the history of basketball on any level and is a member of the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame). In his three years under Wootten at DeMatha Catholic, the Stags went 83–9.

In 1982, Cantafio left for an assistant coaching job at the Virginia Military Institute where he worked under his predecessor Marty Fletcher for four seasons. Following Fletcher's departure, Cantafio assumed the position of head coach and led the Keydets for eight years. He never earned a winning season at VMI, though he did lead the 1987–88 team to the Southern Conference tournament finals. Cantafio resigned following the 1993–94 season and became the head coach of the Furman Paladins, a Southern Conference foe of VMI.

Cantafio was unable to gain success with Furman as he led the Paladins to a 30–47 record in three years. He announced in February 1997 that he would resign at the end of that season. He noted that he was tired of coaching, and said that, "As I was watching, it just dawned on me. There's a lot more to life than basketball." Cantafio also stated that he was unable to relax while coaching, and that some Furman boosters and alumni were not happy with the team's progress.

Personal life
Following the end of his coaching career, Cantafio became involved with Virginia Commonwealth University, and was hired as an assistant director to VCU's SportsCenter, which helps students seeking a career in athletics. He is also the Head of Programs for The Blewitt Foundation, which seeks to comfort and assist military families, particularly children. Cantafio earned a master's degree in Sports Leadership from VCU in 2001.

Cantafio is married to his wife, Della, and the couple has two children: a daughter, Carissa, and a son, Joey. Joey is currently the Director of Basketball Operations at Lamar University. He played basketball for Virginia Military Institute from 2007 to 2009 before transferring to and graduating from Hampden–Sydney College in 2011.

Head coaching record

References

1952 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Furman Paladins men's basketball coaches
High school basketball coaches in North Carolina
Scranton Royals baseball players
Scranton Royals men's basketball players
VMI Keydets basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
High school basketball coaches in Pennsylvania


title: Idols South Africa (season 10)

text:
Idols South Africa X is the tenth season of the South African reality interactive talent show based on the British talent show Pop Idol.

The season's first show was aired on July 13, 2014.

Auditions

Auditions began in February and ended in March. They took place in Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town and Pretoria.

Audition dates and venues
Carnival City in Johannesburg: Saturday 15 February 2014
The Playhouse in Durban: Saturday 22 February 2014
Grand West Casino and Entertainment World in Cape Town: Sunday 9 March
State Theatre, Pretoria: Saturday 22 March 2014

Performance themes
Top 16: Current Hits Of 2014 (Elimination results: Chante Geary, Olivia Cloud, Mirandi Smith, Rowan DeVillers, Celine Homan)
Top 11: Movie Magic (Elimination results:Ivan Roux and Vincent Verhoog)
Top 9: How It Should Have Been Done (Elimination results:Roxy McVean)
Top 8: Songs From 1994 (Elimination results:Tumi Morobane)
Top 7: Stripped Down (Elimination results:Demi Lee Moore)
Top 6: Showstopper Theme (Elimination results:Musa Mashiane)
Top 5: Albums Of All Time + Most Downloaded Hits Of All Time (Elimination results:Kyle Deutschmann)
Top 4: Old School Vs New School (Elimination results:London Louw)
Top 3: Songs Chosen By The Producers +Songs From The Year You Were Born In + Songs You Wisheed To Perform On The Show (Elimination results:Lize Mynhardt)
Top 2: Songs They Auditioned With + Judge's Favourite Performances + Their Own Singles (Final 2:Bongiwe Silinda and Vincent Bones)

Top 16
First Group

Second Group

 A voting error involving misinformation occurred during the Group 1's voting period with Ivan Roux and Vincent Verhoog's profiles aired with each other's voting numbers, that affected whether one of them had achieved the fourth spot to go to the Top 10. Therefore, in the best interest of the competition, the Producers put both of them into a Top 11, and only three of the remaining 6 contestants from Group 1 will advance to the Top 11 on the Public's vote.

 Prior to the Voting Error, the Top 10 would consist of 8 contestants selected from the two Groups by the Public, and 2 contestants selected by the Judges as their Wildcard picks. This mechanic stayed after the Voting Error was discovered in Group 1's voting period. Demi Lee and Roxy McVean were chosen by the Judges to advance to the Top 11.

Top 11 – Movie Magic
21 September 2014

Guest Mentor: Gordon Chambers
Group performance: "Lost Stars" by Adam Levine

Top 9 – How It Should Have Been Done
28 September 2014

Guest Mentor: AKA
Guest Performances:"Run Jozi" ft. K.O. by AKA"Lonely" by Mark Haze

Elimination chart

References

Season 10
2014 South African television seasons


The Military Academy of the Bolivarian Aviation (in Spanish Academia Militar de la Aviación Bolivariana), is an academy to train members of the officer corps of the Bolivarian Venezuelan Military Aviation. Based in Maracay, it has been active since 1920, and is one of the oldest air force academies ever to be established.

Curriculum and academic programs
Like many military academies in the world, the MABAV is a medium-sized, highly residential baccalaureate college, with a full-time, four-year undergraduate program that emphasizes instruction in the arts, sciences, and professions with no graduate program, preparing men and women to take on the challenge of being officers of the Venezuelan Air Force. The academy is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education.

Academic program
The academic program consists of a structured core of subjects depending on the cadet's chosen specialty as a future Air Force officer, balanced between the arts and sciences. Regardless of chosen major, all cadets graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree. The specialties are:

 Air Operations
 Air Defense
 Military Intelligence
 Air Logistics and Materiel
 Administration

References

Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela