title: Tyrrell Hatton

text:
Tyrrell Glen Hatton (born 14 October 1991) is an English professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He has won six times on the European Tour; including four Rolex Series events. He also has one win on the PGA Tour at the 2020 Arnold Palmer Invitational. Hatton played in the winning 2018 Ryder Cup team.

Amateur career
Hatton qualified for the 2010 Open Championship as an amateur.

Professional career
Prior to joining the Challenge Tour in 2012 Hatton mainly played on the PGA EuroPro Tour and the Jamega Pro Golf Tour and has won two events on each of these tours. His first professional win came at Woodcote Park Golf Club on the Jamega Tour He followed this up with a second win on the Jamega Tour at Caversham Heath. Hatton's was medalist at PGA EuroPro Tour's 2012 qualifying school at Frilford Heath Golf Club and he followed this with a second win at the Your Golf Travel Classic at Bovey Castle later in the same season. He won Rookie of the Year the same season.

Hatton played on the Challenge Tour in 2012 and 2013. His best finishes were a pair of T-2s at the Kazakhstan Open and The Foshan Open in 2013. He finished 10th on the 2013 Challenge Tour rankings to qualify for the 2014 European Tour.

In his rookie season on the European Tour, Hatton finished T-2 at the 2014 Joburg Open, a qualifying series event for the 2014 Open Championship at Hoylake; with ties for qualification broken by Official World Golf Ranking, as the lowest ranked player Hatton was the one to miss out. Later in the year, he finished in a tie for fourth place at the Aberdeen Asset Management Scottish Open, the final qualifying series event, to earn his place in The Open field.

On 9 October 2016, Hatton secured his first victory on the European Tour as he cruised to the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship title at St Andrews. He finished on 23 under par, four shots clear of South African Richard Sterne and England's Ross Fisher. Hatton carded a final round six-under 66, having equalled the St Andrews Old Course record with a 62 in the third round.   The win took him inside the top 35 of the Official World Golf Ranking, from 53rd.

After a summer of struggles in 2017, Hatton found himself in contention at the British Masters – but a disappointing weekend saw him finish T8. His on-course temperament was called into question, with veteran European Tour pro Gary Evans telling him to 'grow up'. Hatton responded a week later at the successful defence of his Alfred Dunhill Links Championship title by saying: 'Nobody's perfect'. Hatton also won the next week, winning the Italian Open. At the Masters, he fell on the golf course and suffered a wrist injury that necessitated surgery in 2020.

In September 2018, Hatton qualified for the European team participating in the 2018 Ryder Cup. Europe defeated the U.S. team  to  at Le Golf National outside of Paris, France. Hatton won one of his two fourball matches playing alongside Paul Casey, losing the other, and lost his singles match against Patrick Reed.

In November 2019, Hatton won the Turkish Airlines Open. Hatton finished the event at 20-under-par and then won a six-man playoff to claim the title and the first prize of US$2,000,000.

In March 2020, Hatton won the Arnold Palmer Invitational by one stroke over Marc Leishman for his first PGA Tour victory. In October, Hatton won the European Tour's flagship event, BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth. He became the second player to win three Rolex Series events, and the win lifted him into the top 10 of the world ranking for the first time.

Hatton regained winning ways in 2021 by securing a victory at the Abu Dhabi HSBC Championship. It was his fourth Rolex Series win.

In September 2021, Hatton played on the European team in the 2021 Ryder Cup at Whistling Straits in Kohler, Wisconsin. The U.S. team won 19–9 and Hatton went 1–2–1 and lost his Sunday singles match against Justin Thomas.

In September 2023, Hatton played on the European team in the 2023 Ryder Cup at Marco Simone Golf and Country Club in Guidonia, Rome, Italy. The European team won 16.5–11.5 and Hatton went 3–0–1 including a win in his Sunday singles match against Brian Harman.

Professional wins (10)

PGA Tour wins (1)

European Tour wins (6)

 The BMW PGA Championship is also a Rolex Series tournament.

European Tour playoff record (1–0)

PGA EuroPro Tour wins (1)

Jamega Pro Golf Tour wins (2)

Results in major championships
Results not in chronological order in 2020.

CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" = tied
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Summary

 Most consecutive cuts made – 8 (twice, current)
 Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2016 Open – 2016 PGA)

Results in The Players Championship

CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
C = Cancelled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Results in World Golf Championships

1Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
NT = No tournament
"T" = Tied
Note that the Championship and Invitational were discontinued from 2022. The Champions was discontinued from 2023.

Team appearances
Professional
 EurAsia Cup (representing Europe): 2018 (winners)
 Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 2018 (winners), 2021, 2023 (winners)
 World Cup (representing England): 2018
 Hero Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2023

Personal life
Hatton is a supporter of Liverpool F.C.

See also
 2013 Challenge Tour graduates

References

External links

English male golfers
European Tour golfers
Ryder Cup competitors for Europe
Sportspeople from High Wycombe
People from Marlow, Buckinghamshire
1991 births
Living people


title: Michael Oatley

text:
Michael Oatley  (born 1935) is a former Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) officer, involved in the resolution of "The Troubles" in Northern Ireland. He directed MI6 operations in the Middle East, 1984–88, and in Europe, 1988–91. He was responsible for counter-terrorist operations from 1985–88.

Posted to Belfast in March 1973, notionally as Assistant Political Adviser to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, William Whitelaw, Oatley soon became convinced of the need to develop dialogue with the leadership of the Provisional IRA with a view to influencing it in the direction of political action.

By late 1974, despite the prohibition of any such contacts following the embarrassment of Whitelaw's attempt to negotiate in 1972, he succeeded in establishing three secure lines of potential communication, the most promising of which was via a Catholic businessman from Derry, Brendan Duddy.

In a partnership lasting two decades the two men developed a secret back-channel link between the British Government and the IRA leadership which operated sporadically from 1973 until the 1990s. Its first fruit was the IRA's 1975-76 ceasefire. When this ended in response to the resumption of loyalist paramilitary killings the link continued in being without official sanction but was used in ending the first hunger strike at the Maze Prison in 1981. It eventually led in February 1991 to a crucial meeting between Oatley and Martin McGuiness, which led to a resumption of dialogue and to the Northern Ireland peace process, opening the way to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.

Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's former Chief of Staff, described the three major times the back-channel was used: the negotiation of the IRA ceasefire in the mid-1970s; during the first IRA hunger strike in 1980; and in the early stages of the peace process in the 1990s.

Peter Taylor's book Behind the Mask: The IRA and Sinn Fein, describes Oatley as the most important British agent to have worked in Northern Ireland.

References

1935 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
British intelligence operatives
Northern Ireland peace process
Officers of the Order of the British Empire


title: Washington: Behind Closed Doors

text:
Washington: Behind Closed Doors is a 1977 American television miniseries produced by Paramount Television, that was broadcast in six parts, airing across six consecutive nights on ABC, between September 6 to September 11, 1977.

The fictional story is loosely based on John Ehrlichman's 1976 book The Company, a novel inspired by the author's tenure as a top aide in the Nixon administration.

Plot
The film is a lavish fictionalized re-telling of the Watergate story (loosely based on ex-Nixon aide John Ehrlichman's novel The Company) mixing political intrigue and personal drama and centering on the rise of a power-hungry American president and the men with whom he surrounds himself in order to keep his grip on his office. The story builds from a soap-opera start into a trenchant study of power that corrupts.

Primary cast
 Cliff Robertson as William Martin (Richard Helms, Director of Central Intelligence)
 Jason Robards as President Richard Monckton (Richard M. Nixon, 37th President)
 Stefanie Powers as Sally Whalen
 Robert Vaughn as Frank Flaherty (Harry R. Haldeman, White House Chief of Staff)
 Lois Nettleton as Linda Martin
 Barry Nelson as Bob Bailey
 Harold Gould as Carl Tessler (Henry Kissinger, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs)
 Tony Bill as Adam Gardiner (Jeb Stuart Magruder, Special Assistant to the President)
 Andy Griffith as President Esker Scott Anderson (Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President)
 John Houseman as Myron Dunn
 David Selby as Roger Castle
 Meg Foster as Jenny Jamison
 Peter Coffield as Eli McGinn
 Frances Lee McCain as Paula Stoner Gardiner
 Barry Primus as Joe Wisnovsky
 Diana Ewing as Kathy Ferris
 Lara Parker as Wanda Elliott
 John Lehne as Tucker Tallford (John Ehrlichman, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs)
 Alan Oppenheimer as Simon Cappell
 Nicholas Pryor as Hank Ferris (Ronald L. Ziegler, White House Press Secretary)
 Frank Marth as Lawrence Allison
 Thayer David as Elmer Morse (John Edgar Hoover,  Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation)
 George Gaynes as Brewster Perry
 Linden Chiles as Jack Atherton
 Skip Homeier as Lars Haglund
 John Randolph as Bennett Lowman
 Bonnie Bartlett as Joan Bailey

Release
The 12 ½‐hour television miniseries was broadcast in 6 parts, airing across six consecutive nights on ABC from September 6 to September 11, 1977. The DVD was released on June 5, 2012.

The show did well in the Nielsen ratings.  The last segment (Sunday September 11) was the third-highest rated prime time program of the week (23.6 rating, 17.2 million homes); the Thursday episode was fourth (23 rating, 16.7 million); and the debut Tuesday episode ranked eighth (22 rating, or 16 million).  Other parts finished 16th (Friday), 17th (Wednesday), and 25th (Saturday; typically a low viewership night) for the same week.

Awards and nominations
Robert Vaughn received an Emmy Award for his performance as the President's Chief of Staff, with other nominations going to the show itself as Outstanding Series, to Jason Robards for his portrayal of President Richard Monckton with its overt Nixonian images, director Gary Nelson, cinematographers Joseph Biroc and Jack Swain, art directors Jack DeShields and Jamie Claytor and set decorator Barbara Kreiger.

 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series - Robert Vaughn (won)
 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries (nominated)
 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie - Jason Robards (nominated)

References

External links

American Broadcasting Company original programming
1970s American television miniseries
Films directed by Gary Nelson
Films based on American novels
Works about American politics
American political drama films
Films about Richard Nixon
Films scored by Dominic Frontiere
Films scored by Richard Markowitz
Watergate scandal in film
Films à clef


title: Jyotindra Dave

text:
Jyotindra Hariharshankar Dave (1901-1980) was a Gujarati humourist writer from India. Born and educated at Surat, he is regarded as a great humourist writer in Gujarati literature.

Life
He was born in Surat on 21 October 1901. He completed matriculation in 1919, BA in 1923 and MA in 1925 from Surat. He joined K. M. Munshi in Bombay to write history of Gujarati literature from 1926 to 1933. He taught at Kabibai highschool in Mumbai for brief period when Munshi was in jail. He also co-edited Gujarat monthly. From 1933 to 1937, he taught Gujarati language at MTB College, Surat. On Munshi's request, he returned to Bombay in 1937 and worked as a translator in Oriental office of Bombay Government until his retirement in 1956. He later taught Gujarati in various colleges of Bombay and later served as a principal in college at Mandvi, Kutch. He also served as a president of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad in 1966. In later years, he co-edited the fortnightly Samarpana.

He spent his later years in Bombay and died there on 11 September 1980. His house is located in Amliran area of Surat.

Works
Dave used all forms of humor in his writing including satire, parody, wit, conceit. He is considered as one of the best humorists in Gujarati literature.

Dave's first humorous sketches were published in literary journals from 1927 to 1932 under the pseudonym of Gupta. It was well received by the readers and was published later as Mari Nondhapothi, followed by Rangatarang Vol. 1-6 (1932 - 1946), which contains humorous essays, short plays, verse prosodies and other miscellaneous writing. He is known for his humorous novel Ame Badha (1936), co-written with Dhansukhlal Mehta. It depicts the humorous account of the life of Surat, the native city of both authors. The plotline consists of events in the life of the protagonist Vipin from his birth to the marriage.

Selected works
 Hasya-tarang (1945)
 Pan na Beeda (1946)
 Alpatma nu Atmapuran (1947)
 Ret ni Rotli (1952)
 Jya Tya Padey Najar Mari (1965)

Awards
He received Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1941. He also received Narmad Suvarna Chandrak in 1940.

Personal life
Dave married Karsukhben in 1929, and they had a daughter Rama, and two sons, Pradip and Asit.

See also
 List of Gujarati-language writers

References

External links

Writers from Gujarat
Indian humorists
Gujarati-language writers
People from Surat district
1901 births
1980 deaths
20th-century Indian short story writers
Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak


title: Raphael Glorieux

text:
Raphael Glorieux (26 January 1929 – 19 August 1986) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

References

1929 births
1986 deaths
Belgian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Hainaut (province)
People from Quévy
20th-century Belgian people


title: Muja (alligator)

text:
Muja (;  ) (hatched 1937) is an American alligator living in the Belgrade Zoo and is the oldest known alligator in captivity. Having arrived at the zoo in 1937, Muja has lived through both the Axis and Allied bombings of Belgrade during World War II, as well as the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.

Following the death of Čabulītis at the Riga Zoo in Latvia in 2007, Muja was recognized as the oldest known alligator in captivity by Guinness World Records. In 2012, Muja's right foot had to be amputated after he was diagnosed with gangrene. Muja remains popular among visitors to the zoo and has gained a following on social media platforms such as TikTok.

Life

Muja is an American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). According to the Belgrade Zoo's website, he arrived at the zoo on 9 August 1937. Guinness World Records reports the date of his arrival as 12 September 1937. Muja's age at the time of his arrival is unknown. Alligators typically grow between  and  per year after hatching, and are considered adults upon reaching a length of . It takes around 12 years on average for an alligator to become fully mature. As Muja was already fully grown in 1937, he may have been at least 10–12 years old when he arrived. Conversely, a contemporary newspaper clipping reported him as being two years old at the time of his arrival. All documentation pertaining to his acquisition was lost during World War II. Such paucity of records is not uncommon and many zoos around the world find it difficult to determine the exact age of their older alligators.

Muja survived the German bombing of Belgrade in April 1941, during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, in which the Belgrade Zoo was damaged. He also survived the Allied bombing of Belgrade in 1944. During the war years, the zoo was barely able to function, and its animals faced grueling winters. This resulted in the deaths of many of the zoo's animals. In 1999, Muja lived through the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, during which buildings located within several blocks of the Belgrade Zoo were destroyed.

The average lifespan of an American alligator is between 35 and 50 years. By some accounts, Muja became the oldest known alligator in captivity in 2007, when Čabulītis died at the Riga Zoo in Latvia. Other sources suggest Muja became the world's oldest alligator in May 2020, following the death of Saturn in the Moscow Zoo. Muja is the Belgrade Zoo's last surviving animal from the 1930s and 1940s. He is widely regarded as the oldest living alligator in captivity and has been recognized as such by Guinness World Records. However, it is not uncommon for alligators in captivity to live more than 70 years.

Health and lifestyle
Muja spends the summers in a pond and winters in a special chamber, which was renovated in 2016 to resemble a cave. He is fed once a week and usually eats  of meat. His diet consists of skinned rats, rabbits, bird, horse meat and beef. He eats this together with bones, which are good for his teeth and calcium levels. Due to his old age, it is difficult for him to hunt for his food, and zookeepers instead place it right in front of his jaw. Unless he is being prodded or fed, Muja is usually motionless, leading some visitors to inquire whether he is alive. According to the zoo's veterinarian, Jožef Ezveđ, Muja has a good degree of mobility for an alligator his age.

In February 2012, zookeepers noticed that Muja seemed to be experiencing discomfort in his right foreleg. A team led by veterinary surgeon Srećko Radojičić subsequently diagnosed Muja with gangrene and judged that the only way to prolong his life would be to amputate the leg. The team had only 48 hours to prepare for the surgery. Prior to the amputation, Muja was given local anesthesia and tied down to the operating table. The procedure lasted three hours, and according to zookeeper Aleksandar Rakočević, was done using local anesthesia. Muja was given antibiotics before and after the procedure. "The very next day after the surgery he started eating," Rakočević said. "Every time he eats it is a sign of his recovery." Afterwards, Muja was separated from a group of three young alligators that had arrived to the zoo from Cuba.

Muja's longevity has attracted the attention of social media users and the alligator has become popular on social media platforms such as TikTok.

See also
Gabi (dog)
Sami (chimpanzee)

References

External links

1920s animal births
1930s animal births
Individual alligators
Individual animals in Serbia
Oldest animals


title: Maluka

text:
Maluka (or Maluko) was a small independent state located around the Sungei Maluka,  southeast of Bandjermassin on the island of Borneo . It was established in a land concession acquired by an English adventurer Alexander Hare from the Sultan of Banjarmassin in 1812 and lasted 4 years until 1816.

History
After the successful British invasion of the previously Dutch territory of Java in 1811 (part of the wider Napoleonic Wars of the time), Lieutenant-Governor Stamford Raffles of the British East India Company sent the private merchant Alexander Hare to the region and appointed him Resident of Banjarmasin and Commissioner of the Island of Borneo  (1811–16).

Hare then acquired 1,400 square miles of land from the Sultan of Banjarmasin stretching along the coast from the mouth of the Barito River to Tanjong Selatan and inland to the north up to the Sungei Matapura. It was mostly marshland mixed with areas of grassland and some forest with a number of villages located on or near the coast. Hare established his land as an independent state which he ran as a private fiefdom, with the title of Rajah of Maluka. Maluka had a flag, issued coinage and collected customs duties. Thus he can be called the first White Rajah in Borneo, 30 years before James Brooke established his own White Rajahs dynasty in Sarawak.

Hare's activity came under great scrutiny with the British East India Company concerned about his use of company funds for the development of Maluka. There were also allegations that people had been forcibly relocated to the colony as a source of labour. A Commission of Inquiry, formed in 1816, investigated both charges, finding a great deal to complain about in terms of Hare's accounting. The Inquiry also faulted him with being aware that a number of females had been kidnapped and brought to the colony. However, the more serious charge, alleged by William Boggie, that he had enslaved over three thousand people was found to be unsupportable. William Boggie had his own grievances with Raffles, recorded in a letter written by his advocate James Simpson in 1834, and likely raised the issue as a means to discredit him—Raffles was widely known to detest the practice of slavery and if one of his appointees was found to be engaging in the practice on a massive scale it would have been extremely embarrassing.   What is certain is that Hare faced a labour shortage that unless overcome would have made the development of his colony impossible. To overcome this obstacle, in 1812 he asked Raffles to have convicts from Java transported to Banjarmasin as part of their sentences as well as to encourage destitute individuals to migrate. The latter group was to be provided with assistance. Both could take their families, if they wished. However, the majority of both groups were single males and so, in order to rectify the imbalance, the authorities were enjoined to encourage female migration by offering a sum of money or release from debt.

The signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, part of the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, was the beginning of the end for Hare's dream of an independent state. Although both Raffles and his successor as Lieutenant General, John Fendall, resisted Dutch requests for the Borneo colonies to be returned as they considered them deserted by the Dutch rather than conquered by the British and hence not falling under the terms of the treaty, this was not the position of the EIC as a whole. In January 1817 a Dutch representative signed a treaty giving them control of much territory around Banjarmasin in return for supporting the Sultan against his local and regional enemies. It is likely that Hare could have kept his estate despite this change of authority, but he antagonized the Dutch, making them feel that he was interested in using the estate as a springboard for further British intrusions on what they saw as their political and economic interests in the region. As a result, in 1818 the new Dutch government declared that Hare had no legal right to the property (the Sultan having conveniently lost the earlier treaty he had signed with Hare), ordering the local Dutch contingent to take control of the land, by force if necessary. This was done in July 1818.

References

History of Indonesia
1812 establishments in Asia
South Kalimantan
History of Borneo


title: Anton M. Miller

text:
Anton M. Miller (May 1, 1876 – September 19, 1954) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, Miller was a farmer and a member of the local and county American Society of Equity. He ran unsuccessfully for the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Social Democrat in 1910 and 1912, later was elected as a Republican (being thrice re-elected), and then served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1929 to 1933. Later affiliated with the Wisconsin Progressive Party, Miller was an unsuccessful candidate for the Senate in 1936, the Assembly in 1938 and for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin in 1940. Miller also served on the board of regents of the University of Wisconsin for one six-year term. He lived in the town of Kaukauna.

Notes

External links
The Political Graveyard
Our Campaigns

1876 births
1954 deaths
People from Kaukauna, Wisconsin
Farmers from Wisconsin
Wisconsin Progressives (1924)
20th-century American politicians
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Republican Party Wisconsin state senators
Leaders of the American Society of Equity
Wisconsin socialists


title: Borgo Santa Rita

text:
Borgo Santa Rita is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Cinigiano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 34.

Borgo Santa Rita is about 33 km from Grosseto and 10 km from Cinigiano. It is situated along the provincial road which links the Grosseto-Siena highway to the Mount Amiata.

History
The whole territory was property of the counts of Poggio alle Mura (Montalcino) during the Middle Ages, but the modern village is born as a result of the Maremman Riforma agraria (land reform) in the early 1960s.

Main sights
 Santa Petronilla (20th century), main parish church of the village, it was built in 1964 and designed by architect Carlo Boccianti.
 Chapel of Santa Petronilla, early church dating back to the Middle Ages, it's now in ruins.

References

Bibliography
 Antonio Valentino Simoncelli, Bonifiche nel Grossetano: percorso storico dal 1200 a oggi, Roccastrada, 2008.

See also
 Castiglioncello Bandini
 Monticello Amiata
 Poggi del Sasso
 Porrona
 Sasso d'Ombrone

Frazioni of Cinigiano


title: Carnegie Public Library (Sumter, South Carolina)

text:
Carnegie Public Library is a historic Carnegie library building located at Sumter, Sumter County, South Carolina. It was built in 1916–1917, and is a two-story, brick Beaux-Arts style building. The front facade features four arched windows with limestone surrounds and the main entryway flanked by two Ionic order columns. It was one of the 1,679 public libraries built in the United States with funding from the Carnegie Corporation. The Sumter library was constructed with $10,000 provided by the Carnegie Corporation.  It housed the public library until 1968, and afterwards housed a local genealogical society.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

References

Carnegie libraries in South Carolina
Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Beaux-Arts architecture in South Carolina
Library buildings completed in 1917
Buildings and structures in Sumter County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Sumter County, South Carolina


title: Bourganov's House

text:
Bourganov's House () is a Russian state museum named after its founder, the Russian sculptor Alexander Bourganov.

The museum was based on the private studio of the sculptor founded in 1984, in the historical area of Old Arbat in Moscow. It was officially unveiled as a State Museum in January 2001. Its main exposition is an outdoors collection of the works of Alexander Bourganov, Maria Bourganova and Igor Bourganov, and other works of the private collection of the family. It stretches between the Big Afanasievsky lane and Sivtsev Vrazhek lane. An addition, the museum hosts works of various Russian and West European artists.

References

Art museums and galleries in Moscow
Museums established in 2001
2001 establishments in Russia


title: Calvary (sanctuary)

text:
A calvary, also called calvary hill, Sacred Mount, or Sacred Mountain, is a type of Christian sacred place, built on the slopes of a hill, composed by a set of chapels, usually laid out in the form of a pilgrims' way. It is intended to represent the passion of Jesus Christ and takes its name after Calvary, the hill in Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.

These function as greatly expanded versions of the Stations of the Cross that are usual in Catholic churches, allowing the devout to follow the progress of the stages of the Passion of Christ along the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem. Each chapel contains a large image of the scene from the Passion it commemorates, sometimes in sculpture, that may be up to life-size.  This kind of shrine was especially popular in the Baroque period when the Holy Land was under Turkish rule and it was difficult to make a pilgrimage to the Mount Calvary in Jerusalem.

Calvaries were especially popular with the Franciscan and Jesuit orders, and are most common in Italy and Habsburg Central Europe. They were usually placed in parks near a church or a monastery, typically on a hill which the visitor gradually ascends. Italian ones are usually called a sacro monte ("holy mountain" or "hill"); there are a group of nine Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy that are especially notable; their dates of foundation vary between 1486 and 1712.  Devotions would be most popular in Passion Week, before Easter, when large processions around the stations would be held, and mystery plays might be acted.  If a calvary was established in an inhabited place, it might result in a location of a new village or town. Several villages and towns are named after such a complex.

Terminology
The Mount of Calvary was the site outside the gates of Jerusalem where the crucifixion of Christ took place. The scene was replicated around the world in numerous "calvary hills" after the Counter-Reformation and they are used by Roman Catholics in particular as part of their worship and veneration of God.

The term is derived from the Latin translation in the Vulgate of the Aramaic name for original hill, Golgotha, where it was called
calvariae locus, Latin for "the place of the skull". Martin Luther translated Golgatha as "skull place" (Scheddelstet). This translation is debated; at the very least it is not clear whether it referred to the shape of the hill, its use as a place of execution or burial or refers to something else.

"Calvary hill" today refers to a roughly life-size depiction of the scenes of the Passion of Christ, with sculptures of additional figures. These scenes are set up on the slopes of a hill. The traditional fourteen stations of the cross are usually laid out on the way up to the top of the pilgrimage hill and there is often a small, remote church or chapel located between a few dozen to several hundred metres away.

Calvary hills must not be confused with calvaries, which are a specific type of wayside monumental crucifix, a tradition mostly found in Brittany especially in the Finistère, built in parish closes between 1450 and the 17th century.

Calvaries in the world

Austria

Burgenland
 Calvary Hill, Bergkirche in Eisenstadt
 Calvary Hill, Frauenkirchen
 Calvary Hill, Lockenhaus
 in Neusiedl am See
 in Pinkafeld

Carinthia
 in Sankt Paul im Lavanttal
 in Sankt Stefan im Gailtal

Lower Austria
 near the Aggsbach Charterhouse in Aggsbach, a village in the Wachau
 in Falkenstein in the wine quarter
 in Kirchberg am Wechsel
 in Lilienfeld, largest calvary hill in Austria
 in Marbach an der Donau
 in Maria-Lanzendorf near Vienna
 in Pillersdorf in the wine quarter
 Calvary Hill, Retz
 in Eggenburg
 in Zwettl

Upper Austria
 Calvary Hill, Aigen in the Mühlkreis
 in Freistadt
 Calvary Hill, Gosau
 Calvary Hill, Kremsmünster
 in St. Martin im Innkreis
 in Schwertberg

Salzburg
 Calvary Hill, Maria Bühel
 Calvary Hill, Maria Plain
 in Oberndorf bei Salzburg

Styria
 Calvary Hill, (Bruck an der Mur)
 Calvary Hill, (Deutschfeistritz)
 Kalvarienberg (Graz)
 Calvary Hill, Leoben
 in Sankt Margarethen bei Knittelfeld
 Calvary Hill (Sankt Radegund bei Graz)
Calvary Hill, (Feldbach)

Tyrol
 Calvary Hill Chapel, Arzl, in the Innsbruck quarter of Arzl
 in Kufstein
 Calvary Hill, Thaur

Vienna
 in Hernals

Belarus
 in Miadziel (a small town north of Minsk (Мядзел))
 in Minsk (Мінск)

Belgium
 in Moresnet/Plombières
 in Malmedy

Bolivia
 Cerro Calvario

Canada
 The Oka Calvary Trail near Oka, Québec

Croatia
 Calvary Hill near Aljmaš

Czech Republic

 in Jiřetín pod Jedlovou
 in Cvikov

Ethiopia
Lalibela

England

Mount St Bernard Abbey, Leicestershire.

Germany
 (in alphabetical order by place)
 Calvary Hill, Ahrweiler (with Kalvarienberg Abbey), Ahrweiler, county of Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate
 Calvary Hill, Aiterbach, Aiterbach, county of Freising, Bavaria
 Calvary Hill Chapel, Altomünster
in Bad Kissingen
in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler (as a school)
in Bad Laer
in Bad Tölz, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Bavaria
in Berchtesgaden
 Calvary Hill, Bergheim, Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia
in Bidingen, county of Ostallgäu
in Birkungen (Thuringia)
in Burladingen
in Cham (Upper Palatinate)
in Donauwörth
 Calvary Hill, Dorweiler, Dorweiler, county of Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia
in Ebnath in the Oberpfalz
in Falkenberg (Oberpfalz)
in Fichtelberg (Oberfranken)
in Fulda
in Füssen
 Calvary Hill, Greding, county of Roth, Bavaria
 Calvary Hill, Füssen, county of Ostallgäu, Bavaria
in Görlitz in the Heiligen-Grab-Ensemble
 Calvary Hill, Gundelsheim, Württemberg
in Immenstadt
near the Pilgrimage Church, Allerheiligen in Jettingen-Scheppach
in the pilgrimage village of Kinzweiler
 Calvary Hill, Kirchenthumbach, Kirchenthumbach, county of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Bavaria
 (Klosterlechfeld see below)
 in Konnersreuth
 Calvary Hill, Lauterhofen, county of Neumarkt in the Oberpfalz, Bavaria
in Lenggries
in Lübeck (Jerusalemsberg)
in Marsberg
at Kreuzberg Abbey in the Rhön
 Calvary Hill, Neusath, county of Schwandorf, Bavaria
in Ostritz, Sachsen
at St. Marienthal Abbey
 Calvary Hill, Parsberg, county of Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria
in Peiting in Upper Bavaria
in Pfreimd
in Pillig in Rhineland-Palatinate
in Pobenhausen and also in Palling, both in Upper Bavaria
in Possenhofen municipality of Pöcking on Lake Starnberg
in the Devil's Cave near Pottenstein
 Calvary Hill, Prüm, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rhineland-Palatinate
 Calvary Hill, Alendorf, in the municipality of Blankenheim
 Calvary Hill, Reicholzried
in Sichtigvor on the Loermund
in Stühlingen
 Calvary Hill, Schwabegg, county of Augsburg, Bavaria
in Sonthofen
in Straelen on the Lower Rhine
bei Wettenhausen in the municipality of Kammeltal
in Wenigmünchen (near Munich)
in Xanten am Niederrhein
in Zell in the Wiesental chapel on the Möhrenberg
the Calvary Hill at the pilgrimage site of Klosterlechfeld in Bavaria there is not stations of the cross path, but a monument with outside staircase.

Greece
 on the hill of Filerimos on Rhodes

Hungary
 Calvary Hill in Pécs

Italy
Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy
Sacro Monte di Varallo
Sacred Mount Calvary of Domodossola
San Vivaldo Monastery in Montaione
Sacro Monte di Orta
Sacro Monte di Varese
Sacro Monte di Crea
Sacro Monte di Ghiffa
Sacro Monte di Ossuccio
Sacro Monte di Oropa
Sacro Monte di Belmonte

Lithuania

Žemaičių Kalvarija
Kalvarija, Lithuania
Verkiai Calvary

Poland

Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, near Kraków
Góra Kalwaria, near Warsaw
Wejherowo, near Gdańsk
Kalwaria Pacławska, near Przemyśl
Kalwaria Panewnicka, in Katowice
Pakość, near Inowrocław
Góra Świętej Anny, near Opole
Wambierzyce, near Kłodzko
Ujście, near Piła
Krzeszów, near Wałbrzych
Pszów, near Wodzisław Śląski
Bardo, near Kłodzko
Piekary Śląskie, near Bytom
Głotowo, near Olsztyn
Wiele, near Chojnice
Kodeń, near Biała Podlaska

Romania
 in the village of Billed, county of Timiș

Slovakia
Kalvária Banská Štiavnica
Prešov
Spišský Jeruzalem
Bratislava - the oldest calvary in Hungarian kingdom
Marianka
Skalica
Rožňava
Nitra
Doľany, Pezinok District

Slovenia
 in Šmarje pri Jelšah
 Kalvarija (Maribor)

Spain
 in Poll ença

See also

blessed Alvarez of Córdoba
Christian Kruik van Adrichem
 Stations of the Cross

References

Literature
German:

  – Philologische Studien und Quellen 2,

French:
  – also in the Breton language
  – Mémoires de l'histoire
  – Les universels Gisserot 13,

External links

 Documentation centre for Sacri Monti, calvary hills and European sites of commemoration
Elżbieta Bilska-Wodecka, European Calvaries: Analysis of Structures, Types and Origins
Sacri Monti: From Jerusalem to Sacred Mounts

Polish Calvaries: Architecture as a Stage for the Passion of Christ

Christianity in Jerusalem
Christian buildings and structures
Christian pilgrimages
Stations of the Cross

Baroque architecture
Medieval architecture
Renaissance architecture


title: PlayerScale

text:
PlayerScale, Inc. is a Belmont-based gaming infrastructure provider. As of 23 May 2013 it operates as a subsidiary of Yahoo!, but it is still functioning as a stand-alone business unit.

Player.IO

PlayerScale's Player.IO is a platform for online games. It works across consoles, the web, PCs, Macs, and on mobile phones. Player.IO is used on a daily basis by an estimated 150 million people worldwide. It works with various programming languages, including C++, Java, .NET, Objective-C, HTML5, Unity, Flash, iOS and Android. The platform includes payment processing, online chat, analytics, virtual currencies, distributed caching, authentication, social login, leaderboards, localization, among other things.

Everybody Edits

One of the Player.IO showcase projects is the maze-based platform game Everybody Edits. During his lecture at the 2011 Flash Gaming Summit, PlayerScale chief product officer and Player.IO co-founder Benjaminsen revealed that the game, initially published on Flash game portal Newgrounds, had accumulated around 250 thousand registered users in seven months and was making $10,000 monthly. In March 2019, the game suffered a data breach, exposing 871 thousand unique email addresses, alongside usernames and IP addresses. In July 2019, another data breach occurred, leaking 882 unique email addresses, usernames and passwords in plaintext, along with in-game report files.

See also

 DeNA
 GREE
 List of mergers and acquisitions by Yahoo!
 Yahoo! Games

References

External links

 Old PlayerScale website at the Internet Archive
 Player.IO website

Internet properties established in 2009

Yahoo! acquisitions


title: Rareeram

text:
Rareeram is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by  Sibi Malayil and produced by Appachan. The film stars Mammootty, Shobhana, Nedumudi Venu and Geetha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Kodakara Madhavan.

Cast

Mammootty as Nandakumar
Shobhana as Meera
Nedumudi Venu as Venu
Geetha as Radha
Geethu Mohandas as Geethu
Rohini as Chitra
Thilakan as Dr. Tharakan
Innocent as Lonappan
Sukumari as Soudamini
Unnimary as Padmavathi
Aranmula Ponnamma
Mamukkoya as Koya
Mala Aravindan as Aravindakshan Nair
T. P. Madhavan as Man At the Bank
Philomina as Sister
Alex Mathew as bank employee

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Kodakara Madhavan and the lyrics were written by O. N. V. Kurup.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films


title: Manjunath

text:
Manjunath or Manjunatha is another name for the Hindu deity Shiva. It may also refer to:

People
 B. C. Manjunath, Indian classical musician/percussionist
 Master Manjunath (Manjunath Nayaker) (born 1976), an Indian actor and public relations professional
 M R Manjunath, Indian politician
 Mysore Manjunath, Indian violinist
 Shanmugam Manjunath (1978–2005), Indian marketing manager murdered for his stand against corruption
 Manjunath Kunnur, former MP of Dharwad South

Other
 Manjunath (film), a 2014 Indian drama film
 Sri Manjunatha (film), a 2001 Indian film
 Dharmasthala Temple, a temple in Dharmasthala, Karnataka
 Kadri Manjunath Temple, in Mangalore

See also


title: Sasmita Mallik

text:
Sasmita Mallik (born 10 April 1989, in Aul, Kendrapara) is an Indian women's footballer who played as a left winger for India women's national football team. With 40 goals in 38 matches, she is the highest all-time goalscorer for the Indian women's national team.

Career
Mallik was born in a small village called Aali in the Kendrapara district in Odisha. She was discovered and encouraged to pursue football by Shri Devendra Sharma, the present MLA of Aul. She used to play a lot of local tournaments in Bhubaneswar. Later, she joined the Bhubaneswar Sports Hostel which laid the platform for her to join the National Side. Her first break came in 2004 when glimpses of her exceptional talent impressed all; Team India was then touring China.

She has been playing for the Senior National Team since 2007 and was part of the 2010 South Asian Games and back to back SAFF Women's Championship winning squads. She has also captained India women's national football team several times.

Career statistics

International goals

Honours
India
 SAFF Women's Championship: 2010, 2012, 2016
 South Asian Games Gold medal: 2010, 2016

Orissa
 Senior Women's National Football Championship: 2010–11, runner-up: 2007–08, 2009–10
 National Games Gold medal: 2011

Railways
 Senior Women's National Football Championship: 2015–16

Individual
  AIFF Women's Player of the Year: 2016

References

1989 births
Living people
Indian women's footballers
India women's international footballers
India women's youth international footballers
Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games
Sportswomen from Odisha
People from Kendrapara district
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Footballers from Odisha
Indian Women's League players
Women's association football wingers
Asian Games competitors for India
South Asian Games gold medalists for India
South Asian Games medalists in football


title: Sayam Sandhya

text:
Sayam Sandhya is a 1986 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by  Joshiy and produced by Thiruppathi Chettiyar. The film stars Mammootty, Geetha, Monisha and Suresh Gopi. The film has musical score by Shyam. The film was a major commercial failure.

Cast

Mammootty as Sivaprasad
Suresh Gopi as Ravi
Geetha as Uma
Monisha as Vinu
K. P. Ummer as Sivaprasad's Father
Geethu Mohandas as Young Vinu
M. G. Soman as Sivaprasad's Brother
Srividya as Geetha
Ashokan as Narendran
Baiju as Tea Supplier
Viji
K. P. A. C. Azeez
Paravoor Bharathan as Iyer
T. K. Balachandran as Judge

Soundtrack

Box office
The film was a commercial failure.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Joshiy


title: Sumter Town Hall-Opera House

text:
Sumter Town Hall-Opera House, also known as the Sumter Academy of Music, is a historic town hall building located at Sumter, Sumter County, South Carolina. It was built in 1893, and is a four-story, ashlar brick Richardsonian Romanesque style building. It features a four-faced clock tower that serves as a focal point for the entire area. The building was remodeled internally in 1936, converting the first floor into a movie theater and the second floor opera house into offices.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is located in the Sumter Historic District.

The historic Opera House stands tall and proud in the heart of downtown Sumter, South Carolina and is known as one of Sumter’s Crown Jewels. Through the years this great building has served a number of purposes and has seen a great deal of change. In 1987 with the reopening of this building, its past is remembered as its future is celebrated.

 1872: On January 14, 1872, the cornerstone was laid on Main Street in Sumter for a town hall and marketplace. $2,307.45 had been raised when contractors R.J. Tuomey, mason, and Hiram Phillips, carpenter, were hired to construct the building. By June the exterior was completed and painted, but the interior was still incomplete. Unfortunately, all the money for this project had been spent, and it was necessary for the promoters to obtain credit to hire A.J. Moses to complete the job. Completed in December, it was a two-story wooden structure with two rooms on the ground floor a guardhouse and market in the rear, and an elegant theater upstairs. The theater had 500 seats that could be removed for dances and receptions.
 1873: Originally the town hall was called the Opera House, but in 1873, it was renamed the Music Hall.
 1886: Opera prima donnas Clara Louise Kellogg, born in Sumter in 1839, was the first nationally acclaimed performer to appear in an opera in the upstairs Music Hall, which was managed by D. J. Auld.
 1888: Belva Ann Lockwood, who was known as the "Queen of the Bar" for being the first woman admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, gave a lecture for the citizens of Sumter. Ms. Lockwood was also the first woman candidate for presidency of the United States, nominated in 1884 and 1888 by the National Equal Rights Party. An unusually small crowd expressed Sumter*s disapproval of the speaker.
 1889: Sumter City Council signed a three- year lease on the hall with J.A. Schwerin & Company at a rental rate of $300.00 a year. The name of the hall was changed to the Academy of Music.
 1890: Renovations included the addition of fifty electric lights, an inclined floor, and seven tiers of noiseless opera chairs with hat racks. The remodeled stage featured a box on each side and a drop curtain, painted by Eugene Cramer of Columbia, South Carolina, which showed a view of Lake Como nestled among the hills of Italy. The total number of seats was increased to 700.
 1892: On December 9, 1892, while Chick Company from New York City was giving a performance, fire broke out in a dressing room of the Music Hall. The audience exited safely, but most of the actors lost valuables as they escaped with only the costumes they were wearing. The entire Music Hall including the second-floor office where the town*s records were kept, was destroyed as well as several surrounding stores. Total loss was set at $70,000.
 1893: Within months of the devastating fire a second cornerstone was laid for a new City Hall-Opera House. A new building made of Cumberland buff stone was constructed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style and featured a 100-foot tall, four-faced tower with a clock operated by weights. Name the Opera House, it was designed by architect J.C. Turner of Augusta, Georgia, and built by J.W. McKiever of Charleston, South Carolina, at a total cost of $35,000. The Town Council met at the Masonic Temple on Liberty Street and marched with the Masons to the dedication ceremony on Main Street where General Kennedy of Camden, South Carolina, gave the address. Music for the occasion was provided by the 2nd Regiment Band.
 1936: The cornerstone was reset in May, and a $120,000 renovation transformed the Opera House into a moving-picture theater. This project also provided jobs for 300 workers in the midst of the Great Depression. The premier picture shown at this Sumter Theater was Earthworm Tractor starring comedian Joe E. Brown. The admission price was .35 cents for adults and .10 cents for children.
 1973: Through efforts spearheaded by Councilwoman Colleen Yates, the Opera House was officially listed on the National Register of Historical Places.
 1982: The Sumter Theater closed its doors after 46 years of operation, thus sealing the doors of the Opera House. The future of this historical building was uncertain.
 1984: The City of Sumter, needing more office space than was available in the City-County Complex, and sensitive to the needs of downtown, decided to relocate on Main Street in the Opera House. General Obligation Bonds in the amount of $1,800,000 were approved and sold to the First National Bank of South Carolina. The architecture firm Drakeford-Jackson & Associates was authorized to begin renovation plans.
 1985: Mayor W.A. McElveen, Jr., city councilmen, and officials opened the Opera House cornerstone on September 18 as the renovation and expansion project was begun. The copper cornerstone box revealed coins from the 1700s, documents from the 1800s, and letters and newspapers from 1936. Unfortunately, the contents of the 1893 cornerstone were found to have been ruined by moisture.
 1987: The renovation of the Opera House was completed. The 75th anniversary of the Council-Manager form of government which originated in Sumter in 1912 is celebrated.

Today, City administration occupies the upper levels of the Opera House as the center of city government for Sumter. On the first floor the auditorium continues to be in demand and used for concerts (by such groups as the Sumter Community band and celebrities such as Nancy Griffith), school events, and other local happenings. The Opera House stands today not only as a symbol of the past but also as an active sign of the ongoing progressive spirit of the people of Sumter.

The Sumter Opera House has hosted Starship in 2018, Tiffany in 2019, and The 5th Dimension in 2022.

References

Opera houses in South Carolina
Clock towers in South Carolina
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Romanesque Revival architecture in South Carolina
Government buildings completed in 1893
Buildings and structures in Sumter County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Sumter County, South Carolina
Historic district contributing properties in South Carolina
City and town halls in South Carolina
City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Music venues in South Carolina


title: Matthew Hassan Kukah

text:
Matthew Hassan Kukah (born 31 August 1952) is the current bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sokoto.

In December 2020, Pope Francis appointed him as a member of the Dicastery on Integral Human Development.

Early life and education
Bishop Kukah was born on efdom in Zangon Kataf local government area of Kaduna State. Kukah received his primary education at St. Fidelis Primary School, Zagom, then St. Joseph Minor Seminary, Zaria, before proceeding to St. Augustine Major Seminary Jos, Plateau State, where he studied Philosophy and Theology. Kukah was ordained a Catholic Priest on 19 December 1976. Kukah also attended the University of Ibadan, where he obtained a diploma in Religious Studies. Kukah also received the Bachelor of Divinity at the Pontifical Urban University, Rome in 1976, followed by a master's degree in Peace Studies, at the University of Bradford, United Kingdom in 1980. Kukah's academic pursuits culminated with a PhD from University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in 1990. At some unspecified point, he studied at the University of Oxford, in Oxford, in Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom, and also at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston, in the United States.

Between 1999 and 2001 he served as a member of the Nigerian Investigation Commission of Human Rights Violations. In addition to his work as a parish priest of Saint Andrews's parish in Kakuri, Kaduna from 2004 until his nomination as bishop, he was secretary of the National Political Reform Conference (2005) and from 2005 onwards he has been serving as the chairman of the Ogoni-Shell Reconciliation. Additionally, between 2007 and 2009 he worked also in the committee for electoral reform set up by the Nigerian government.

This Day News reported the passing away and burial of Mama Janet Hauwa Kukah, the bishop's mother, born in June, 1934 who was buried in Anchuna, Zangon Kataf Local Government Area, with many dignitaries at attendance and others sending their condolences.

References

External links
 Bishop Matthew Kukah on CIID

21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Nigeria
1952 births
Living people
Nigerian Roman Catholics
University of Ibadan alumni
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Alumni of the University of Bradford
People from Kaduna State
Roman Catholic bishops of Sokoto


title: Romuald Iodko

text:
Romuald Romualdovich Iodko (; 3 December 1894 – 13 November 1974) was a Soviet sculptor, known for his works in outdoor sculpture in the style of socialist realism, such as  Girl with an Oar and Children's Khorovod fountain; Meritorious Sculptor of the RSFSR.

Biography
Romuald Iodko was born on 3 December 1894 in Slutsk, Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire, in the family of an artisan. He had a sister, Yelena, and two brothers, Vitold and Adam (1893–1938), the latter was wrongfully executed, but subsequently rehabilitated.

In 1912, Iodko entered the Imperial Stroganov Central Art and Industrial School, where he studied under the mentorship of S.S. Alyoshin, Nikolay Andreyev and E.U. Shishkina, graduating in 1918, and later began to work at the first State Free Art Shops. In 1919, he volunteered in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, serving until 1921, then he was sent to Vkhutemas to continue his artistic education. Upon graduating in 1925 from Vkhutemas Sculpture Faculty under the supervision of Boris Korolyov, he remained there as an assistant on scientific-methodological and pedagogical work. Since 1926, he had participated in art exhibitions, and also held membership in artist societies, OST (1925–1927) and AKhRR (1928–1932). In 1938, he was the head of the Union of Soviet sculptors, and the chairman of the Moscow Regional Union of Soviet Artists and Sculptors (MOSSKhS).

He mainly dealt with monumental decorative sculpture for parks, embankments, stadiums, public buildings in Moscow and other cities, including Female Swimmer or Leap into the Water (1930), Children's Khorovod (1930) for the fountain, Victory (1935), Female Builder (1937), Girl with an Oar (1936–1937), Miner (1939), and Female Miner (1939). He also created sculptural portraits of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1940), Ageeva (1949), M.F. Stakhanov, and others; indoor sculptures, like Portrait of a Man (1925) and Red Guard (1927).

At the beginning of his academic career, he lectured at the Sculpture Department of Vkhutemas-Vkhutein (1924–30), MAI (1930–41), MKhI (1937–47), and MIPIDI (1949–52); holding a professor title since 1941. In 1952, he started to work at MVKhPU, where he managed the Department of Academic Sculpture from 1963 to 1974. For his achievements, he was awarded the title of Meritorious Worker of Arts of the RSFSR in 1968. Among his pupils were Lev Kerbel, Vladimir Tsigal, and S.D. Shaposhnikov.

He died on 13 November 1974 in Moscow, and was buried at the Vvedenskoye Cemetery.

Selected work
 Sportswoman (Fizkulturnitsa), 1924
 Portrait of a Man (Muzhskoy portret), 1925
 Red Guardsman (Krasnogvardeyets), 1927
 Boy, 1927
 Female Swimmer (Plovchikha) or Jumping into the Water , tinted cement, 1930; also a bronze version of 1932.
 Children's Khorovod, 1930
 Victory, 1935
 Girl with an Oar, 1936 and 1937
 Female Builder (Stroitelnitsa), 1937
 Miner (Gornyak), 1939
 Female Miner (Gornyachka), 1939
 Kolkhoznik, 1950

References

1894 births
1974 deaths
People from Slutsk
People from Slutsky Uyezd
Soviet sculptors
Socialist realist artists
Soviet academics
Vkhutemas alumni
Academic staff of Vkhutemas
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Academic staff of Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry
Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry alumni


title: García Sola Reservoir

text:
The García Sola Reservoir is a reservoir located in the town of Castilblanco in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain.

Created by damming the Guadiana river, with an area of , is one of the largest bodies of freshwater in Extremadura.

History
The reservoir was constructed in 1962.

See also
Castilblanco

External links
 Estado del Embalse de García de Sola
 Estado de los embalses de la cuenca del Guadiana
 Ficha de la Sociedad Española de Presas y Embalses
 Fotorreportaje del Embalse de García Sola

Reservoirs in Extremadura
Guadiana


title: Hradiště (Těrlicko)

text:
Hradiště (, ), also known as Hradiště pod Babí horou, is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Těrlicko in 1975. It has a population of around 830 and a territory of 781,1 ha. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

History
The village was indirectly attested in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 which mentioned Grodische villa Snessonis. However it was written in an atypical form and suggests that a village was older. There should be another village named similarly, and even older from Snesson's village. Because Grodische villa Snessonis was listed among villages located between Skoczów and Czechowice it is undoubtedly linked to nowadays Grodziec, whereas the other Grodische, not mentioned in Liber fundationis... is associated with Grodziszcz, in Czech Hradiště, now part of Těrlicko in the Czech Republic. As in the case of the other Grodische the name suggests that there existed a fortificated wooden gord. Thus it could have existed earlier in 13th century within Duchy of Opole and Racibórz and Castellany of Cieszyn, which was in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland transformed into the Duchy of Teschen, ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. Later it was mentioned as Hradysscze (1447, 1450), Hradisstie (1520), Hradisscze (1523), Grodisscze (1607) and similarly but losing the ending -e (e.g. Grodischtz, 1736, 1804).

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality dropped from 843 in 1880 to 785 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (between 97.2% and 99.9%) accompanied by a German-speaking people (at most 13 or 1.7% in 1910) and Czech-speaking (at most 8 or 1.1% in 1910). In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (50.7%), followed by Roman Catholics (47.1%), Jews (8 or 1%) and 9 people adhering to another faiths.

After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively adjoined to Cieszyn County of Silesian Voivodeship. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

References

Neighbourhoods in the Czech Republic
Villages in Karviná District
Cieszyn Silesia


title: List of law schools in Alabama

text:
This is a list of law schools in Alabama, arranged in alphabetical order.

References

External links
American Bar Association, Alphabetical School List
U.S. News & World Report Ranking of Law Schools

Alabama


title: Claude Clark

text:
Claude Clark (November 11, 1915 – April 21, 2001) was an American painter, printmaker and art educator. Clark's subject matter was the diaspora of African American culture, including dance scenes, street urchins, marine life, landscapes, and religious and political satire images executed primarily with a palette knife.

Early life

Claude Clark was born on a tenant farm in Rockingham, Georgia November 11, 1915. In early August 1923, Clark's parents left the south for a better life in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the Great Migration. Clark attended Roxborough High School where he wrote poetry but also discovered a talent for painting. His Sunday School teacher encouraged him to exhibit in Sunday school class and at church.

Clark studied at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art (now the University of the Arts (Philadelphia)), (1935–1939), following high school graduation. He applied to and was eventually accepted to the Barnes Foundation in 1939.

In 1941, Claude met the daughter of an African Methodist Episcopal Church minister, Effie May Lockhart from California. They married in June 1943 and formed a partnership in art, education and philosophy. He continued his paint studies at The Barnes Foundation while teaching art in the Philadelphia Public School system during the early years of their marriage. The couple moved to Alabama and finally California while continuing their careers.

During the Great Depression Clark contacted the Artists Union for work through the Works Progress Administration (WPA). He worked with the WPA from 1939 to 1942. Clark joined the graphics art shop where he worked with Raymond Steth and Dox Thrash.

Clark was the subject of many articles and publications. He also was the author of A Black Art Perspective, a Black Teachers Guide to a Black Visual Arts Curriculum, Merritt Press 1970. As a member of the Black West Coast Arts Movement, he co-developed the first African American Studies curriculum. He also mentored and supported many young emerging scholars and artists.

Education

Claude Clark attended high school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, graduating from Roxborough High School. From 1935 to 1939, Clark studied at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art (later the University of the Arts) on full scholarship. While studying there, he came across the work of Van Gogh. Van Gogh's style and method formed the basis of Clark's approach to drawing and painting, with thick creamy texture and loosely applied paint using a palette knife.

In 1939 Clark applied to the Barnes Foundation in Merion, Pennsylvania and was accepted. Clark studied at Barnes from 1939 to 1944. The Albert Barnes collection consisted of an array of works that included African art, European Impressionism and American art. He was able to investigate the hundreds of original “old masters” in the collection and modernist works and to study first hand one of the first important collections of African art in America.

While studying at Barnes in 1939, Clark found a job through the Federal Arts Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). He also performed independent research from 1944 to 1958. Clark moved his family to Talladega, Alabama and subsequently Sacramento, California. He received a BA from Sacramento State University in 1958 and a Master of Arts from the University of California, Berkeley in 1962.

Painter and art educator

Clark matured in art by recognizing his opportunity to develop without being constrained by the racism, poverty and inherent inequality of circumstance prejudice and labels bring. His work exhibited social realism, modern and abstract styles. When Clark could not afford paint, he salvaged throw away paint cans from trash bins in the back of art schools and mixed his own. Unable to afford to buy paint brushes and chemicals to clean them, he mastered use of the palette knife.

Clark painted and exhibited from a very early age and sold his first works in his early twenties. Collectors continue to seek Clark's works 70 years later. Clark worked at various jobs throughout the late 1930s and mid-1940s before accepting a position as an art instructor with Philadelphia Public school in 1945–1948. Philadelphia artist Reba Dickerson-Hill studied privately with him in the 1940s.

Clark became interested in working for a Black college as his interest in African and African American history developed further. He accepted a position at Talladega College, Talladega, Alabama, as an associate professor of art (1948–1955). Clark painted, taught, exhibited and researched his interest further while supporting his family consisting of a wife Diama (Effie), son Claude Lockhart Clark and daughter Alice.

In 1955, while teaching at Talladega, Clark began feeling the financial pressures and made the decision to move his family to his wife's native state of California to seek greater opportunity. Clark enrolled in Sacramento State University and taught art classes to other undergraduate students while simultaneously obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree. Following graduation in 1958, Clark accepted an art instruction position with Alameda County, California (1958–1967) and eventually secured a faculty position within the University of California system as an art instructor (Merritt College, 1968–1981).

Clark helped curate the first national African American exhibition at the Oakland Museum in 1967.

Clark continued to paint, research and exhibit throughout this period. Clark worked from his studio in Oakland, California following his Merritt College retirement from 1981 to 1998. He has exhibited in the United States, Africa, Caribbean, Europe and South America.

He died in Oakland, California, on April 21, 2001, after a long illness.

His work was included in the  1985 exhibition Two Centuries of Black American Art at the Los Angeles County Museum and the 2015 exhibition We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s at the Woodmere Art Museum.

Public collections
Clark's work is in the collection of Howard University, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the de Young Museum.

Awards

 Silver Medal, St. Nicholas League, 1933
 Barnes Foundation Fellowship, 1942
 Carnegie Fellowship, 1950

References

See also

African-American art
List of Federal Art Project artists

1915 births
2001 deaths
Artists from Oakland, California
Artists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Federal Art Project artists
African-American painters
Merritt College faculty
20th-century African-American people


title: Sebastian (song)

text:
"Sebastian" is a song by the British rock band Cockney Rebel, fronted by Steve Harley. It was released as the band's debut single in 1973 from their album The Human Menagerie. The song was written by Harley and produced by Neil Harrison.

Background
"Sebastian" was written and first performed by Harley during his days of busking in the early 1970s, before Cockney Rebel were formed in late 1972. Having trained as a journalist for three years, Harley embarked on his musical career through "floor-spotting" within London folk clubs in 1971–72, and began busking in London in 1972. Speaking to the Daily Express in 2007, Harley recalled, "I started busking in the early 70's, which gave me a platform to experiment on the public with my songs. I had one called 'Sebastian', which was six minutes of gothic poetry! I got absolutely no money."

Cockney Rebel recorded their debut album The Human Menagerie, including "Sebastian", at Air Studios, London, in the summer of 1973, after the band signed a deal with EMI Records. With Neil Harrison as producer, "Sebastian" was recorded with a 50-plus piece orchestra and choir alongside the band, with orchestral arrangements by Andrew Powell.

Since its release, "Sebastian" has gained reputation over the years as one of Harley's greatest songs and has consistently been included in the set-lists of both the band's and Harley's solo concerts, usually as the penultimate song before "Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)". While much debate has been made over its meaning, in 2008, Harley spoke about the song and its lyrics in a feature for the Netherlands programme Top 2000,

In 2004, Harley said of the song and its recording,

In a 1974 interview, Cockney Rebel's violinist Jean-Paul Crocker was critical of the orchestra used on "Sebastian" and other tracks on The Human Menagerie. He said, "I've only played violin for about three years, but I was quite a bit better than a lot of those blokes, and they've been playing donkeys years. They had the technical ability, but they had no feel. With 'Sebastian' they just couldn't get it on. The drums were right to the second all the way through, but when they put the strings and brass on, it went all over the place."

In 1983, Harley re-recorded the song with Mike Batt as producer. This version was released on the German 12-inch release of the single "Ballerina (Prima Donna)". In the UK, the 12-inch release was classed as "Sebastian" combined with (c/w) "Ballerina". A previously unreleased early version of "Sebastian" appeared on Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973–1974 in 2012.

Release
"Sebastian" was released as the band's debut single in August 1973, preceding The Human Menagerie, which followed in November. The song failed to enter the UK Singles Chart, including after a second reissue in November 1973, but the song became a big hit in continental Europe, including reaching the top spot on the Belgian Ultratop 50 Wallonia chart. In a 2014 interview with the Sunday Express, Harley said of the song's European success, "It happened so quickly. I didn't pay many dues to be honest. That's what the New Musical Express held against me at the time."

The failure of "Sebastian" and The Human Menagerie in the UK led EMI to feel that Harley had yet to record a potential hit single. In response he went away and re-worked one of his unrecorded songs called "Judy Teen", which became a number five hit for the band in June 1974. Before its release, EMI agreed hold the song back at the beginning of 1974 and re-issue "Sebastian" on 18 January for the third time as a UK single. This was at the band's insistence, but it still did not enter the charts.

"Sebastian" was released by EMI Records on 7-inch vinyl in the UK, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Italy, Japan, Australia and Mexico. In the US, EMI released "Sebastian" as a promotional only single. For its release as a single, the seven minute song was shortened down to make its length more friendly for radio. Harley was never entirely happy about having the song cut down and he described the editing of the track as "sacrilege" to Music Scene in 1974. The B-side, "Rock and Roll Parade", was written by Harley and produced by Harrison. It was exclusive to the single, but later appeared as a bonus track on the 2004 CD re-issue of The Human Menagerie, and also on the 2012 EMI box-set compilation Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973-1974.

Live performances
Since its release, "Sebastian" has been a consistent inclusion in Harley and the band's concerts, and various live versions have been recorded for official releases. On 22 January 1974, the band performed it for a BBC 'Live in Concert' session, which was later released on the 1995 compilation Live at the BBC and Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973–1974. On 14 April 1975, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel performed the song as part of their set at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, which was filmed and released as the film Between the Lines. The same recording appeared as the B-side to the band's 1975 UK hit single "Mr. Raffles (Man, It Was Mean)", and as a bonus track on the first CD release of The Best Years of Our Lives in 1991. Further live versions have been included on Face to Face: A Live Recording (1977), Live from London (1985), The Come Back, All is Forgiven Tour: Live (1989), Stripped to the Bare Bones (1999), Anytime! (A Live Set) (2004), Live at the Isle of Wight Festival (2005) and Birmingham (Live with Orchestra & Choir) (2013).

Critical reception
On its first release, New Musical Express described the song as a "wonderful record", adding, "It's a classically influenced ballad with the upper lead vocals placed, delicately, in the middle of the finest string and bass arrangement I've heard since the Titanic sank. The lyrics are a little contrived... but just you wait for the grand choral work." Melody Maker noted, "The Rebel are a very interesting band indeed, and this is an adventurous and unusual performance." Record Mirror commented on the song's "concert-classical type of string sounds", "strained voice", "beautiful mood", "excellent lyrics" and "first-class production". In a review of the song's second 1973 release, Deborah Thomas of Daily Mirror described the song as "an eerie slice of vicious moodiness with heavy orchestral backing and choir". They added, "Watch out for them, they're going to be big." Chris Welch of Melody Maker described it as an "unusual and powerful ballad", adding, "They don't look or sound like Cockneys – more like Venusians." In a review of the 1974 reissue, The Staffordshire Weekly Sentinel noted Harley's "haunting lyrics" and the "particularly doom-laden arrangement".

In a 2004 review of The Human Menagerie, Geoff Barton of Classic Rock commented how the album "builds insidiously until the arrival of the fifth track, the immense and immortal 'Sebastian'". Carol Clerk of Classic Rock said in a review of the 2006 release The Cockney Rebel – A Steve Harley Anthology that "Sebastian" was a "brave first single with its choral and orchestral dramas". Chris Roberts of Uncut described the song as a "quite wonderful seven-minute epic with the unabashed self-importance of early Genesis".

In a retrospective review of The Human Menagerie, Dave Thompson of AllMusic felt that both the labyrinthine "Sebastian" and loquacious "Death Trip" "possess confidence, arrogance, and a doomed, decadent madness which astounds". Donald A. Guarisco of AllMusic, in a review of the 1975 compilation A Closer Look, highlighted "Sebastian" as one of the compilation's "most impressive epics". He described the song as a "slowly building ballad that adds layers of orchestration and choral vocals as it lays out a gothic tale of a romantic obsession that gives way to insanity".

In 2005, Peter Hook of New Order chose six of his top tracks for The Metro, which included "Sebastian". He said, "It's the first song that made me realise that there's more to music than pop. It wasn't throwaway. It builds up and down over [seven] minutes. Like 'Bohemian Rhapsody', there's loads of different bits that go through it. The beauty of it is that you can listen to it over and over again and not get fed up with it."

Track listing
7-inch single
"Sebastian" - 4:03
"Rock and Roll Parade" - 2:55

7-inch single (Mexican release)
"Sebastian" - 4:03
"Death Trip" - 9:54

7-inch single (US promo)
"Sebastian" (Mono) - 3:36
"Sebastian" (Stereo) - 3:36

Cover versions
 In 1975, Dutch singer Patricia Paay recorded a version of "Sebastian" for her album Beam of Light, which was titled after a line in the song. Harley produced the entire album and contributed a further song, "Understand", which was also recorded by Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel for Timeless Flight (1976). Paay is the sister of Yvonne Keeley, who was Harley's backing vocalist and girlfriend of the time.
 In 1987, British band Far Corporation recorded a version of the song, which was released by Arista as a single in August that year. Harley approved of the version and agreed to make an appearance in the song's music video. The video, which was directed by Rudi Dolezal and Hannes Rossacher, was shot at Ireland. On 29 August, the band appeared on the German TV show Na Siehste! to promote the single, which featured Harley making an appearance as the keyboardist.

Personnel
Cockney Rebel
 Steve Harley – vocals
 Jean-Paul Crocker – electric violin, guitar
 Paul Jeffreys – Fender bass
 Milton Reame-James – keyboards
 Stuart Elliott – drums, percussion

Production
 Neil Harrison – producer
 Geoff Emerick – engineer
 Andrew Powell – orchestral arrangement

Charts

References

1973 songs
1973 singles
EMI Records singles
Steve Harley songs
Songs written by Steve Harley


title: Rhein Gibson

text:
Rhein Gibson ( ; born 1 February 1986) is an Australian professional golfer.

Amateur career
Born in Bendigo, Victoria, and raised in Lismore, New South Wales, Gibson was a four-time NAIA All-American at Oklahoma Christian University.

Professional career
Gibson made the cut at the 2014 Open Championship, where in the 3rd round he played in a group with Tiger Woods and Jordan Spieth.  Gibson ultimately finished in 72nd place.

In December 2014, he finished fourth in the Web.com Tour qualifying tournament to earn a place on the 2015 Web.com Tour.  In 2015 he finished 33rd in the regular season, then tenth (excluding the regular season Top 25) in the Web.com Finals to earn a place on the PGA Tour for 2015-16.

Gibson finished 199th on the FedEx Cup and 30th on the Web.com Tour money list, but his PGA Tour season was highlighted by a double eagle on the par-5 18th at the Barracuda Championship, worth eight points under the tournament's Modified Stableford scoring system. The shot was worth $50,000 to a Nevada charity, plus $50,000 to a charity of Gibson's choice. Gibson chose Maximum Chances, the autism charity of tournament winner and countryman Greg Chalmers.

In January 2018, an incident involving Gibson and his temporary caddie Brandon Davis caused controversy. Playing in The Bahamas Great Abaco Classic on the Web.com Tour, Gibson was caught on camera throwing his putter headcover at Davis after the caddie had picked his ball up in a hazard – resulting in a one-stroke penalty.

World record
Gibson shot a 55 (−16) for a round of golf on 12 May 2012, at River Oaks Golf Club in Edmond, Oklahoma, setting a Guinness World Record.

Amateur wins
2008 Oklahoma State Amateur

Professional wins (5)

Korn Ferry Tour wins (2)

*Note: The 2019 BMW Charity Pro-Am was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.

Korn Ferry Tour playoff record (0–1)

NGA Tour wins (1)
2013 Avoca Classic

Other wins (2)
2010 Oklahoma Open
2013 Arkansas Open

Results in major championships

CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied

See also
2015 Web.com Tour Finals graduates
2019 Korn Ferry Tour Finals graduates

References

External links

Australian male golfers
Oklahoma Christian Eagles golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Korn Ferry Tour graduates
Golfers from Oklahoma
Sportsmen from New South Wales
1986 births
Living people


title: Mayesville Historic District

text:
Mayesville Historic District is a national historic district located at Mayesville, Sumter County, South Carolina.  It encompasses 62 contributing buildings in the western half of the town of Mayesville.  It includes a broad range of late-19th and early-20th century vernacular architectural design, including commercial, residential (majority), and religious buildings. The district includes representative examples of the Neo-Classical, Victorian, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, and Bungalow. Notable buildings include the Town Hall, Kineen Hotel, Bland Stables, Granit Building, Davis Store, J. W. Rhodes House, and R. J. Mayes House.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Greek Revival architecture in South Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina
Colonial Revival architecture in South Carolina
Victorian architecture in South Carolina
Queen Anne architecture in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Sumter County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Sumter County, South Carolina


title: Acanthocephalus dirus

text:
Acanthocephalus dirus is a species of parasitic worm in the Echinorhynchidae family.  Instead of having its eggs expelled from the host in feces, the gravid female detaches itself from the host's digestive tract and sinks to the bottom, where her body is consumed by the species' intermediate host, Caecidotea intermedius, a species of isopod.  Upon hatching, the larvae begin to alter their host's behavior. This will manifest in lighter pigmentation and an increased attraction to predators, such as A. dirus''' primary hosts.

HostsAcanthocephalus dirus'' is commonly found parasitizing the following species of fish:

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

Echinorhynchidae
Suicide-inducing parasitism
Animals described in 1931


title: Fulakora

text:
Fulakora is a genus of ants in the subfamily Amblyoponinae. The genus has a worldwide distribution, and like most other amblyoponines, Fulakora species are specialized predators. It was originally described as, and for a long time considered to be, a subgenus of Stigmatomma until it was elevated to an independent genus by Ward & Fisher (2016).

Species
Fulakora agostii (Lacau & Delabie, 2002)
Fulakora armigera (Mayr, 1887)
Fulakora bierigi (Santschi, 1930)
Fulakora celata (Mann, 1919)
Fulakora chilensis (Mayr, 1887)
Fulakora cleae (Lacau & Delabie, 2002)
Fulakora degenerata (Borgmeier, 1957)
Fulakora egregia (Kusnezov, 1955)
Fulakora elongata (Santschi, 1912)
Fulakora exigua (Clark, 1928)
Fulakora falcata (Lattke, 1991)
Fulakora gnoma (Taylor, 1979)
Fulakora gracilis (Clark, 1934)
Fulakora heraldoi (Lacau & Delabie, 2002)
Fulakora lucida (Clark, 1934)
Fulakora lurilabes (Lattke, 1991)
Fulakora minima (Kusnezov, 1955)
Fulakora monrosi (Brown, 1960)
Fulakora mystriops (Brown, 1960)
Fulakora orizabana (Brown, 1960)
Fulakora papuana (Taylor, 1979)
Fulakora punctulata (Clark, 1934)
Fulakora saundersi (Forel, 1892)
Fulakora smithi (Brown, 1960)
Fulakora wilsoni (Clark, 1928)

References

External links

Amblyoponinae
Ant genera


title: Sumter Historic District

text:
Sumter Historic District is a national historic district located at Sumter, Sumter County, South Carolina.  It encompasses 62 contributing buildings in the central business district of Sumter.  It includes buildings that primarily date from 1880 to 1912.  They are typical of turn-of-the-20th century commercial buildings, using materials such as pressed tin, limestone, and brick. Notable buildings include the Sumter County Courthouse, Sumter Town Hall-Opera House, Lee and Moise Building, Bultman Brothers' Boots and Shoes, Bank of Sumter, and Burns Hardware.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

Romanesque Revival architecture in South Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Sumter County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Sumter County, South Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina


title: Carles Trepat

text:
Carles Trepat (born 1960) is a Spanish classical guitarist. He has won several international prizes, including the "Premio Tárrega" in the "Certamen Internacional Francisco Tárrega de Benicàssim". In July 2014, he was awarded with the "Honorific Prize José Tomás" in Petrer.

Trepat was born in Lérida (Spain) in 1960, where he started studying guitar when he was thirteen with Jordi Montagut. In 1976, he attended the last classical guitar course given by Emilio Pujol who was a student of Francisco Tárrega. Some of his other teachers were José Tomás, Alberto Ponce, Eduardo Sainz de la Maza and Rafael Andia.

Trepat was an assistant professor of José Tomás and he usually plays with historical guitars made by luthiers like Antonio Torres, Joseph Pagés, Santos Hernández, Hermanos Conde or modern guitars build by José Luis Romanillos and Daniel Bernaert. Some of his latest performances were given with real gut and silk strings on his 1892 Antonio Torres guitar.

He is credited for discovering and playing music of Miguel García -Padre Basilio-, who was Dionisio Aguado's teacher.
Some of his CD recordings include music by Federico Mompou, Manuel Quiroga, Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Francisco Tárrega, Julián Arcas, Antonio José and Miguel Llobet among others.

Discography
 "Música espanyola per a guitarra" CD, La mà de guido, 1995
 "Llora la Guitarra" Maestro Quiroga/Carles Trepat CD, Nuevos Medios, 1999
 "El Romancero Gitano i 10 Cançons Tradicionals" Carles Trepat, Jordi Casas Bayer Cor De Cambra Del Palau De La Musica Catalana CD, Discmedi, 1999
 "Carles Trepat interpreta Frederic Mompou" CD ,ZANFONIA, 2000
 "El Albaicín" CD, Nuevos Medios, 2007
 "Boccherini: La musica notturna delle strade di Madrid" Cuarteto Casals, Carles Trepat ,Eckart Runge. CD Harmonia Mundi 2011
 "Granados-LLobet: ...100 anys d'un viatge" Carles Trepat. 2015
 "Quiroga. Versiones a la guitarra de la copla por Carles Trepat" Double CD, EMEC, 2015

References

Spanish classical guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
1960 births
Living people
People from Lleida


title: Kate Madison

text:
Kate Madison is a British independent filmmaker, director, producer and actor.  She portrayed the character Elgarain in her film, Born of Hope.

Background

Kate Madison was born in Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England but now lives in Cambridge, England. She started acting at the age of four years when her mother got her involved in a local amateur dramatic group. She was educated at the Netherhall School and Long Road Sixth Form College, both in Cambridge. She gained a bachelor's degree in zoology at Aberystwyth University, but realized this would not be her profession. She discovered and joined the Cambridge Filmmakers Network (CFN) and established her company, Actors at Work Productions in 2003. It was through the CFN she became directly involved in her first two film projects.

Into the Darkness and The Horsemen

In 2005 Madison was working on a short film with the working title Into the Darkness.  The lead character, Abigail (played by Jennie Fox) discovers an ancient book desired by Lucifer, and guardian angels must protect her and the mysterious book. Madison co-wrote the screenplay. Shortly after filming began, the director had to return home to the United States. He gave the task of directing to Madison, and he left for Tampa, Florida. "It was very nerve-racking", Madison told Jennie Kermode in an interview for Eye for Film. "I was really in at the deep end. But it turned out to be a really good decision because it was like a crash course in filmmaking and I learned a lot. Through it, I met Christopher Dane, who stars in Born of Hope, and Ollie Goodchild, who also appears in it."

Madison and Dane then collaborated on a short whimsical comedy film with the improbable subject of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse. Dane portrayed Famine, Pestilence, War and Death in different costume and makeup for each. The four horsemen are the only customers at a pub and the hapless waitress, portrayed by Madison, does not know what to make of them. She directed the ten-minute short; Christopher Dane was the producer and screenwriter; the music was by Carl Homer.

Born of Hope

Madison became fascinated with The Lord of the Rings films directed by Peter Jackson; the films were her first exposure to the works of J. R. R. Tolkien.  She read Tolkien's own notes on the main characters of Middle Earth, and became intrigued about the mysterious background of Aragorn. "When I was looking for a story to do I found those few paragraphs and the idea of a film about Aragorn's parents and where he came from seemed a great idea", she stated in an interview. "Aragorn is such an important character in The Lord of the Rings but we know hardly anything about him until he turns up in The Prancing Pony in The Fellowship of the Ring."
From this creative spark, Madison set out to create what was then known as a fan film. In 2003 she discovered a Tolkien-fan film competition and decided to create a film on Aragorn's roots from the period just before that of the books and films.  She began recruiting from her circle of film professionals within Actors at Work Productions, and their referrals of others throughout England and beyond. She brought in a screenwriter to flesh out the storyline, but the script evolved over a period of years and some scenes were rewritten during filming. She scouted for filming locations and discovered the West Stow Anglo-Saxon village and Epping Forest, where most of the scenes were ultimately filmed. Being familiar with Wales from her college days, she chose to film key scenes in the Welsh hills as well. She used the bulk of her own savings to launch the project, and ultimately called on donations to fund the balance. All actors and film crew worked without financial compensation.

"We obviously didn't have very much money to spend so we couldn't exactly hire huge cranes and lights", she told an interviewer in 2010. "Most of our camera operators owned their own cameras and I also borrowed one off friends." By 2006, Madison had produced a trailer which was shown at a Tolkien conference in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  This generated interest in the film and the trailer was a fundraising vehicle.  Principal photography finally began in 2008.  Madison received offers to assist from professionals from around the world in providing special effects, film scoring, prop and costume donations and cash donations to keep production going.
Born of Hope, with a running time of 71 minutes, made its debut at RingCon 2009 in Germany. Madison used the Internet for worldwide release, streamed first on Dailymotion, later on YouTube, and on the film's dedicated website. Madison played Arathorn's friend Elgarain in the film, as well as directing. The character "carries a torch" for Arathorn, demanding a major commitment to acting alongside the other demands on her during the shooting.

Ren: The Girl with the Mark

The online success of Born of Hope with millions of views since its release generated a worldwide following of Madison's creative works. The growth of online streaming media convinced Madison her future projects would best be served through this medium. She established a production company, Mythica Entertainment, to produce these works. The first of these is a new fantasy web series titled Ren: The Girl with the Mark. Ren follows the life of a young girl who is marked on her face by a spirit and who struggles to find the meaning of this mark, whether it is good or evil, and to overcoming the prejudice against her. Learning from her financial trials in filming Born of Hope, Madison launched a funding campaign using Kickstarter, the crowdfunding website, on 20 July 2013 with the goal of raising the £35,000 minimum need. By 19 August the goal was surpassed, raising £36,184.
Season One of the series includes five ten-minute episodes, and is produced to be streamed over the web from the Mythica Entertainment website and possibly other online venues. The production team spent the first half of 2014 working on story lines, scouting locations, costume production, and calling for contributors for all aspects of the series. Filming for Season One began in the latter half of 2014 and was completed by mid-November.

The first episode of Season One was uploaded to the Mythica Entertainment YouTube channel in 2016. "It's a great way for an independent film-maker to do something relatively low budget", Madison told the Cambridge News, "and get it out there, and get people watching it. I like the fact that with the web anyone can watch what you make, and that’s how it should be for me."

The principal cast of Ren stars Sophie Skelton as Ren, Nick Cornwall as Dagron (Ren's father), James Malpas as Baynon (Ren's brother), Christopher Dane as Karn, Duran Fulton Brown as Hunter, Grace Parry as Dalia, Alan Hay as Tor Berry, Dita Tan Tang as Lyanna, and Richard Zeman as the Kah'Nath Commander. A DVD with the five episodes is now available.

References

External links

 Born of Hope Official Website
 Ren, the web series

British filmmakers
British women screenwriters
British women film directors
British film actresses
1978 births
Living people
People from Chesham
People educated at Netherhall School