title: Eleanor Grey

text:
Lady Eleanor Arundell (died before December 1503), was an English noblewoman, and the first wife of Sir John Arundell of Lanherne in Cornwall, "the most important man in the county", being Receiver-General of the Duchy of Cornwall. Their monumental brass in the church at St Columb Major in Cornwall was described by E. H. W. Dunkin (1882) as "perhaps the most elaborate and interesting brass to be found in Cornwall." Her father was Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset. Eleanor was an ancestor of the later Barons Arundell of Wardour.

Family and early years
Eleanor Grey was a daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, and Cecily Bonville, Baroness Harington and Bonville, one of the wealthiest heiresses in England in the latter half of the 15th century. Elizabeth's paternal grandmother was Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of King Edward IV of England, and thus her father was the half-brother of Edward V of England and Richard, Duke of York, the 'Princes in the Tower', and of their sister, Elizabeth of York, queen consort to Henry VII of England.

Eleanor had 13 siblings, including her eldest brother Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset (the grandfather of Lady Jane Grey, briefly Queen of England), who succeeded their father when he died in September 1501, when she was about four years old. Two years later, their mother, Cecily married Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, which caused many quarrels over their inheritance.

Her maternal grandmother was Katherine Neville, Baroness Hastings who was a direct descendant of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmoreland, a daughter of John of Gaunt by his third wife, Katherine de Roët, making her a direct descendant of Edward III.

Marriage and issue
Eleanor was married to Sir John Arundell and had issue:
Sir John Arundell (c. 1500–1557), eldest son and heir, MP for Cornwall in 1554
Sir Thomas Arundell (c. 1502–1552), of Shaftesbury, Dorset and Wardour Castle, Wiltshire, MP for Dorset 1545 and 1547. He married Margaret Howard, daughter and coheiress of Lord Edmund Howard, and sister of Queen Catherine Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII;
Elizabeth Arundel, who married Sir Richard Edgecombe;
Jane Arundel, who died testate 1577.

Memorial brass
Eleanor Grey died on an unknown date sometime around 1503. Her memorial brass is located at St Columb Major Church in Cornwall although it is not clear if she is actually buried there.

Eleanor appears on the memorial brass of Sir John Arundell, but her name is incorrectly stated as 'Elizabeth', which is her middle name. She is depicted on the right hand of the knight, her head rests on a square cushion, the shield with the following arms: Per pale, the dexter quarterly of six, — 1. Six swallows (Arundell) ; 2. Four fusils conjoined in fesse (Dynham) ; 3. In chief a double arch, in base a single one (Arches) ; 4. An escutcheon within an orle of martlets (Chideocke of Chideocke, co. Dorset) ; 5. A bend (Carminow) ; 6. As the first. impaling, quarterly of eight, — 1. Barry of six, in chief three roundels (Grey, Marquis of Dorset) ; 2. A maunche (Hastings) ; 3. Barry of ten, an orle of martlets (de Valence, Earl of Pembroke) ; 4. Seven mascles conjoined three, three and one (de Quincy, Earl of Winchester) ;
5. Lost, probably a cinquefoil, for Bellomont, Earl of Leicester; 6. Lost, probably a fesse and canton, for Widville, Earl Rivers; 7. Six mullets,
pierced, three, two and one (Bonville) ; 8. A fret (Harrington).

Ancestry

References

16th-century deaths
Daughters of British marquesses
Wives of knights
Eleanor
16th-century English women
15th-century English women
15th-century English people


title: 2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue

text:
The 2014–15 Coupe de la Ligue was the 21st edition of the French league cup competition. The competition was organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel and was open to the 44 professional clubs in France that are managed by the organization.

Paris Saint-Germain were the reigning champions, having defeated Lyon 2–1 in the previous season's final for a record fourth title. They won their fifth on 11 April, defeating Bastia 4–0 in the final.

First round

First round matches were held over 1 day; 12 of August 2014. The 10 winners secured places in the second round.

Second round

The round featured the 10 winners of the first-round matches, plus Ajaccio and Châteauroux, who were exempt from the first round. The matches were contested on 26 August 2014.

Third round

The round features the 6 winners of the second round matches in addition to 14 Ligue 1 clubs who were not participating in the European competitions. The matches were contested on 28 and 29 October 2014.

Round of 16

The draw for the Round of 16 of the 2014–15 edition of the Coupe de la Ligue was held on 5 November 2014. The round featured the ten winners of the third round matches and the six Ligue 1 clubs that qualified for European competition in the 2013–14 season. The matches were contested on 16 and 17 December 2014.

Quarter-finals
The draw for the quarter-finals was held 17 December 2014 following the conclusion of the Round of 16 matches. The round featured the eight winners of the Round of 16 matches and were contested on 13 and 14 January 2015.

Semi-finals
The draw for the semi-finals was held on 14 January 2015 following the conclusion of the quarter-finals matches. The round featured the four winners of the quarter-final matches and were contested on 3 and 4 February 2015.

Final

The final was held on 11 April 2015 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis.

Media coverage
For the seventh consecutive season, the tournament was screened in France by France Télévisions.

See also
 2014–15 Ligue 1
 2014–15 Ligue 2

References

External links
 Official site

Coupe de la Ligue seasons
France
League Cup


title: Usha Goswami

text:
Usha Claire Goswami   (born 21 February 1960) is a researcher and professor of Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge, a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, and the director of the Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Downing Site. She obtained her Ph.D. in developmental psychology from the University of Oxford before becoming a professor of cognitive developmental psychology at the University College London. Goswami's work is primarily in educational neuroscience with major focuses on reading development and developmental dyslexia.

Early life and education
Goswami was born on 21 February 1960. She received her Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in experimental psychology from the St John's College, Oxford. She then went on to receive her Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) from the University of London in primary education allowing her to become a teacher. In 1987 she received her Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) in psychology from the University of Oxford with her main topics being reading and spelling by analogy.

Career and research
Goswami was a research fellow at Merton College, Oxford for the 1986–87 and 1988–89 academic years. She was at the University of Illinois from 1987 to 1988 having received a Harkness Fellowship. She was a lecturer in experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge from 1990 to 1997. Then, from 1997 to 2002, she was Professor of Cognitive Developmental Psychology at the Institute of Child Health, University College London. In January 2003, she moved to the University of Cambridge where she currently works as the director for the Centre for Neuroscience in Education and Professor of Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience.

Goswami is currently the Director of the Centre for Neuroscience in Education at the University of Cambridge. The Centre utilizes electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study the developing brain. Some of her current research projects include the neural basis of developmental dyslexia, the neural basis of speech and language impairments, and the neural basis of rhythmic motor behavior.

Dyslexia is a multifaceted disorder of learning primarily manifested by difficulties in reading, spelling, and phonological processing. In people with dyslexia, the brain processes certain signals in a specific way making it a very specific learning difficulty. Dr. Goswami's research is concerned with focusing on dyslexia as a language disorder rather than a visual disorder as she has found that the way that children with dyslexia hear language is slightly different than others. When sound waves approach the brain, they vary in pressure depending on the syllables within the words being spoken creating a rhythm. When these signals reach the brain they are lined up with brain rhythms and this process doesn't work properly in those with dyslexia. Goswami is currently researching whether or not reading poetry, nursery rhymes, and singing can be used to help children with dyslexia. The rhythm of the words could allow the child to match the syllable patterns to language before they begin reading as to catch them up to where children without the disability might be.

Honours and awards
Usha Goswami has received numerous awards and has served on several different committees over the years. Early in her career she was awarded the British Psychology Society Spearman Medal (for early career research excellence), the Norman Geschwind-Rodin Prize (a Swedish award for research excellence in the field of dyslexia), and received research fellowships from the National Academy of Education (USA), the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany), and the Leverhulme Trust. She has served on the National Curriculum and the National Literacy Project, the Foresight Project on Mental Capital and Wellbeing in 2008, and the Managing Committee of the European Concerted Action on Learning Disorders as a Barrier to Human Development. In 2013 she was 1 of 42 UK-based scholars that year to be selected to become a Fellow of the British Academy awarded to those with academic distinction in their research. Goswami has also been a member of several research boards including the ESRC Research Grants Board (1998-2000), the Neurosciences and Mental Health Board of the Medical Research Council (1999-2003), and the Cross Board Group of the Medical Research Council (2001-2003).Usha Goswami was awarded the Yidan Prize for Education Research in September 2019 for her ground-breaking neuroscience research in understanding brain function, which allows educators to design different teaching pedagogy, techniques and tools to help children with dyslexia and special needs to learn languages more effectively.

Goswami was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to educational research. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 2021.

Publications
 Huss M, Verney JP, Fosker T, Mead N & Goswami U (2011). Music, rhythm, rise time perception and developmental dyslexia: Perception of musical meter predicts reading and phonology. Cortex, 47, 674-89.
 Beddington J, Cooper CL, Field J, Goswami U, Huppert FA, Jenkins R, Jones HS, Kirkwood TBL, Sahakian BJ & Thomas SM (2008). The mental wealth of nations. Nature 455: 1057-1060.
 Goswami U (2006). Neuroscience and education: from research to practice? Nat Rev Neurosci 7(5):406-11.
 Ziegler J & Goswami U (2005). Reading acquisition, developmental dyslexia, and skilled reading across languages: a psycholinguistic grain size theory, Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 3-29.
 Goswami, U (2014). Child Psychology: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
 Goswami, U (2010). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development: 2nd Edition. Blackwell Handbooks of Developmental Psychology.
 Goswami, U (2010). Phonology, reading and reading difficulty. In K. Hall, U. Goswami, C. Harrison, S. Ellis and J. Soler (Eds) Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Learning to Read: Culture, Cognition and Pedagogy. London: Routledge.
 Goswami, U (2008). Cognitive Development: The Learning Brain. Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.
 Cooper CL, Field J, Goswami U, Jenkins R, & Sahakian BJ (2009) (Eds.). Mental Capital and Wellbeing. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
 Goswami, U (2008). Cognitive Development: The Learning Brain. Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.
 Goswami, U (2006). Cognitive Development: Critical Concepts in Psychology. London: Routledge.
 Goswami, U (2002 & 2004). Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. Oxford: Blackwell.

References

Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
British neuroscientists
British women neuroscientists
Living people
1960 births
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of London
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the British Academy


title: Pierre Plihon

text:
Pierre Plihon (born 29 October 1989 in Nice), is a French athlete who competes in recurve archery.

Plihon first competed internationally in 2014, in which year he won a team gold medal at the 2014 European Archery Championships in Echmiadzin and qualified for the 2014 World Cup Final in Lausanne, including a silver medal at the first stage in Shanghai.
 He represented France at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and at 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
French male archers
Archers at the 2015 European Games
Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic archers for France
European Games medalists in archery
Archers at the 2019 European Games
European Games gold medalists for France
Archers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century French people


title: Marcus Vinicius D'Almeida

text:
Marcus Vinicius Carvalho Lopes D'Almeida (born January 30, 1998 in Rio de Janeiro), known as Marcus D'Almeida, is a Brazilian athlete who competes in recurve archery. World runner-up in 2021. In February 2023, he became the first Brazilian to lead the world archery ranking in his category, the recurve bow.

Career

D'Almeida first competed internationally in 2013, and in 2014 won three gold medals at the South American Games (where he broke all South American records for 1440 Rounds) and qualified for the 2014 Archery World Cup Final as the second highest qualifier, where he won a silver medal, losing to Brady Ellison in the final by shoot-off.
 His spectacular rise to the upper echelons of the sport while still a teenager has earned him the nickname, "Archery's Neymar".

He won a silver medal in the individual competition at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China, where he was the flagbearer for Brazil.

At the 2019 Pan American Games, he won the silver medal, losing only to Canadian Crispin Duenas, bronze medalist at the 2013 World Archery Championships, for a tight 6x4 score.

At the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020, by beating Dutchman Sjef van den Berg and advancing to the round of 16, he obtained the best result of a Brazilian archer in the history of archery in the Olympics. He was eliminated in the round of 16 by Italian Mauro Nespoli, who finished with Olympic silver in this competition. Nespoli hit all the arrows in the most central part of the target (always getting 9 or 10 points).

In September 2021 he won the first medal in Brazil's history at the World Archery Championships. He won the silver medal, in a competition that featured all the medalists of the Tokyo Olympics.

In June 2022, he reached the 4th place in the world ranking after the title at the World Cup in Paris, where he defeated three Olympic champions, two of them South Koreans.

In February 2023, he became the first Brazilian to lead the world archery ranking in his category, the recurve bow. On May, he won his second title at a stage of the Archery World Cup with a win on the second stage in Shanghai. On August, at the 2023 World Archery Championships in Berlin, D'Almeida went on to win his secont World Championships medal, with a bronze, defeating 6–4 Indonesia's Arif Dwi Pangestu. Two weeks later, he won a bronze medal at the 4th stage of the 2023 Archery World Cup in Paris and, onde September 10th, he won another gold medal on the Final World Cup stage in Hermosillo, Mexico, defeating at the final south korean Lee Woo-seok 6–4, the most important title of his career.

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
Brazilian male archers
Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Archers at the 2015 Pan American Games
Archers at the 2019 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
Archers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
World Archery Championships medalists
Olympic archers for Brazil
Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in archery
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in archery
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Archers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century Brazilian people


title: Florian Kahllund

text:
Florian Kahllund (born 7 June 1993), also known as Florian Unruh, is a German athlete who competes in recurve archery.

Kahllund first competed internationally in 2013, and in 2014 won the individual title at the European Championships in Echmiadzin and qualified for the World Cup Final, winning the third stage of the individual competition in Antalya.

He won the silver medal in the men's individual recurve event at the 2022 European Archery Championships held in Munich, Germany. He also won the silver medal in the mixed team recurve event.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
German male archers
Archers at the 2015 European Games
Archers at the 2023 European Games
European Games gold medalists for Germany
European Games bronze medalists for Germany
European Games medalists in archery
Olympic archers for Germany
Archers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 2022 World Games
World Games gold medalists
World Games medalists in archery
21st-century German people


title: Lisa Unruh

text:
Lisa Unruh (born 12 April 1988) is a German athlete who competes in recurve archery.

Unruh represented Germany at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro winning the silver medal. Her Silver medal was the first individual medal in archery her country has ever won at the Olympic Games.

She represented Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the team archery event.

Career
Lisa Unruh started internationally in 2006, at the European Championships in 2006 she got the German team to fourth place. Unruh has won team medals at European and World Indoor Championships and World Cup stages, and an individual medal at the 2012 Indoor World Cup. In 2014, she qualified for the World Cup Final in Lausanne for the first time.

In 2017, Unruh won the gold medal at The World Games 2017 in Wroclaw, Poland.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
German female archers
Archers at the 2015 European Games
European Games competitors for Germany
Olympic archers for Germany
Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
World Archery Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in archery
World Games gold medalists
Competitors at the 2017 World Games
Archers at the 2019 European Games
Competitors at the 2009 World Games
World Games medalists in archery
Archers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century German women


title: Secret Summer

text:
Secret Summer is the sixth and final extended play (promoted as fifth Korean-language EP) by South Korean girl group Secret. The album was released on August 11, 2014, and contains six tracks. The album came in 2 versions, one pink and one blue.

This was Secret's final album before their disbandment in 2018.

Release and promotion
The lead single, "I'm in Love", was released on August 11, 2014. The official music video was unveiled on the same day. The song was written and produced by Duble Sidekick, and marked a return to their sexy and powerful inspired songs such as "Magic", "Madonna", "Love Is Move" and "Poison".

Secret promoted "I'm in Love" as well as "U R Fired" and "Could Do Better" on music shows in August 2014 on KBS's Music Bank, MBC's Show! Music Core, SBS's Inkigayo and Mnet's M! Countdown. They also held a MelOn showcase on the day of album release.

Track List

Charts

Album chart

Sales

Release history

References

External links
 "I'm in Love" Music Video

2014 EPs
Secret (South Korean group) EPs
Korean-language EPs
Kakao M EPs
TS Entertainment EPs


title: I Once Loved a Lass

text:
"I Once Loved a Lass", also known in Scotland as "The False Bride", is a folk song of the British Isles.  The age of the song is uncertain, but versions of it date at least as far back as the 1680s.  Although widely believed to be a Scottish song, the earliest record of it is from Newcastle upon Tyne.

The song has been widely recorded since being popularised by Ewan MacColl.  His rendition of the song began:

The song's theme is of unrequited love and some interpret the ending as implying death or suicide.  Ewan MacColl wrote in the notes to his 1956 album Classic Scots Ballads:
Songs of jilted and forsaken lovers are common enough in Scotland but, for the most part, they tend to be ironical rather than pathetic in feeling. "There are plenty more fish in the sea" is the philosophy of our jilted heroes and heroines. In this curious little song, however, the jilted lover, after attending his ex-sweetheart's nuptials, just lies down and dies.

Although MacColl was born in England, his parents were Scottish and he was familiar with Scots dialect.  His recording of the song was in attempted Scots.  Some others have sung in a native variety of Scots, such as the recordings by the Clydesiders or Hannah Rarity.

There is also some sarcasm in the lyrics with the line "Now she's rewarded me well for my love" to describe the object of the narrator's love choosing another man to marry.

Riddle
One verse in the song uses some imagery that many listeners struggle to interpret, referred to as "the oldest riddle in Britain".

The men of yon forest, they askit of me
 How many strawberries grow in the salt sea?
 I askit them back with a tear in my e'e*
 How many ships sail through the forest?
 e'e is an eye dialect form of "eye", pronounced , used in Scotland and the far north of England.

In Richard Farina's song "Birmingham Sunday", the verse is:

The men in the forest they once asked of me
How many blackberries grow in the salt sea?
I ask them right back with a tear in my eye
How many dark ships in the forest?

On Pete Seeger's album Live in '65, he asks the audience whether anyone knows the meaning of the verse. For her album that contained a recording of the song, Irish singer Karan Casey gave the name Ships in the Forest after this particular verse.  An article in a Kelowna newspaper suggested that the strawberries refer to a Celtic clan who were known as "les gens de la fraise" (the people of the strawberry).

References

British folk songs
Year of song unknown


title: Oksana Rasulova

text:
Oksana Rasulova (; born 19 December 1982) is an Azerbaijani dancer, choreographer and actress. She is an Indian classical dancer, including Bharatanatyam.

Early life
Rasulova was born in Shabran, Azerbaijani SSR. In her childhood, she moved with her family to Russia, where she started to learn Bharata Natyam.

Career
In 2001, she created "Chandra Muthi" dance group and started to work as choreographer.

In 2014, she was featured and won Zee TV's India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj, a talent show for aspiring actors. She was often compared for her striking resemblance to the Indian actress Preity Zinta. And also won it along with Syed Mamoon in season 3. In the same year, she was awarded "Goddess of dance" statuette prize by Indian Embassy in Azerbaijan.

Personal life
She speaks fluent Hindi, along with her native Azerbaijani and Russian.

Filmography

References

1982 births
Living people
Azerbaijani film actresses
Azerbaijani female dancers
Bharatanatyam exponents
Performers of Indian classical dance
People from Şirvan, Azerbaijan


title: I Will Give my Love an Apple

text:
"I Will Give my Love an Apple" is a traditional English folk song. It was arranged by Benjamin Britten and by Herbert Howells. The song begins:

A version of the song was collected at Sherborne, Dorset, by H. E. D. Hammond in 1906; another version was printed in Journal of the Folk-Song Society, vol. 3, no. 11, 1907, p114.

References

English folk songs


title: Gabriel Curran

text:
Gabriel Curran (died 2008) was an Irish  flat racing jockey. Curran rode the winners of two Irish Classic Races during his career as well as the English 2,000 Guineas on Nebbiolo in 1977. He rode for trainer Kevin Prendergast and after retiring as a jockey worked as an assistant trainer to Charlie Swan and ran a stud farm. Curran was born in Kells, County Meath and died suddenly in 2008.

Major wins
 Ireland
 Irish 1,000 Guineas - (1) - Arctique Royale (1981)
 Irish 2,000 Guineas - (1) - Northern Treasure (1976)
 Phoenix Stakes - (1) - Sweet Emma (1982)

 United Kingdom
 2,000 Guineas - (1) - Nebbiolo (1977)

References

2008 deaths
Irish jockeys
Equestrians from County Meath
Year of birth missing


title: Charming Beauty Bright

text:
"(Once I courted a) Charming Beauty Bright" is an American folk song. It is found in both Southern and Northern states during the 19th Century. The song is about a man who finds a woman, leaves for seven years, and upon his return to his home he learns of her death.

Lyrics
According to the Max Hunter collection, the lyrics are as follows:
Once't I courted
A charming beauty bright
I courted her by day
And I courted her by night
I courted her for love
An' love I did obtain
An' I'm sure she must have loved me
She had no reason to complain

So, I struck out
Californy for to go
To see if I
Could forget my love or no
O, seven long years
Been serving of my king
An' it's seven long years
Returning home again

When their Mother
Seen me coming
She'd wrung her hands an' cried
Saying, my daughter loves you dearly
An' for your sake, she died

O, then I was stroked
Like a man that was slain
Th tears, they poured down
Like showers of rain
Saying, o, ho, ho,ho
My grief I cannot bear
My true loves in 'er grave
An' I want to be there

References

American folk songs
19th-century songs
Songwriter unknown
Year of song unknown


title: Scarlett Stevens

text:
Scarlett Stevens is an Australian singer/drummer from the indie band San Cisco, The Flairz and grunge band Ghetto Crystals. She has performed on recordings by Bob Evans and Illy. She is the daughter of Phil Stevens, co-founder of Jarrah Records and manager of John Butler Trio and The Waifs.

Music career

Stevens has been playing drums since she was ten years old, she started a garage rock band, the Flairz, at age eleven with a two friends, John and Dion Mariani (the son and nephew of Dom Mariani), both of whom played guitar, vocals and bass guitar. They played their first live show in December 2003, performing around Western Australia, in between school commitments. The band recorded and released two EPs and an album and performed at SXSW. In November 2009, at the end of high school, the Flairz disbanded and Stevens started jamming with other musicians around the same age. She was asked to play on a friend's recording, which led to the formation of King George, which later became San Cisco.

In a 2013 interview with Modern Drummer magazine Stevens recalls that her initial introduction to the drums happened when she met Jack Johnson's drummer, Adam Topol, who showed her how to play a basic rock beat. Following which he invited her to perform onstage for one song at the Forum Theatre in Melbourne and then again at Bonnaroo Music Festival the following year.

In 2014 she established a side project, a two-piece electronic hip-hop group, Ghetto Crystals, with Doug May (the guitarist and brother of Abbe May).

Discography

Singles

Featured singles

Awards and nominations

National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) are a broad recognition of Australia's diverse live industry, celebrating the success of the Australian live scene. The awards commenced in 2016.

|-
|  National Live Music Awards of 2017
| Scarlett Stevens (San Cisco)
| Live Drummer of the Year
|
|-

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The West Australian Music Industry Awards are annual awards celebrating achievements for Western Australian music. They commenced in 1985. San Cisco won six awards in 2012.

 (wins only)
|-
| 2012
| Scarlett Stevens
| Drummer/Percussionist of the Year
|
|-

References

1992 births
Australian people of Italian descent
21st-century drummers
21st-century women musicians
APRA Award winners
Australian drummers
Australian indie pop musicians
Living people
Musicians from Western Australia
People from Fremantle
Women drummers


title: Swansea Bay railway station

text:
Swansea Bay is a former railway station in Swansea next to Swansea Bay, in South Wales, opened to passenger and goods traffic on 14 December 1867. Owned successively by the Llanelly Railway and Dock Company (1867 to 1871), the Swansea and Carmarthen Railways Company (1871 to 1873), the London and North Western Railway Company (L.N.W.R., 1873 to 1922), the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company (L.M.S., 1923 to 1947) and British Railways (1948 to 1964), it was served by trains to and from Shrewsbury, Crewe, Liverpool, Manchester and York and formed the southern terminus of the Central Wales line, most of which is still operational as the Heart of Wales Line. Swansea Bay closed in June 1964, having been listed in the Report on the Reshaping of British Railways (better known as the Beeching Report) the previous year. The former station is near  'The Slip' opposite the Bay View Public House. It was adjacent to the Swansea and Mumbles Railway which was closed in 1960, and opposite the Western end of St Helen's Road, which until the 1930s was the terminus of one of the Town tram lines. Much of the trackbed is now part of the A4067 road towards Swansea Victoria.

References

Disused railway stations in Swansea
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1964
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1867
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Beeching closures in Wales


Milligan Shuford Wise and Theron Colbert Dellinger Houses is a set of two historic homes located at Crossnore, Avery County, North Carolina, United States. They were built in 1926 and 1927, and are rustic -story, frame American Craftsman-style houses. The Wise House is surrounded by contributing landscaping. Also on the property are a contributing garage apartment (c. 1932–1935) and stone one-story Wise Cottage (c. 1941).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1927
Houses in Avery County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Avery County, North Carolina


title: Jew Peak

text:
Jew Peak is a summit in Sanders County, Montana, in the United States. It has an elevation of . Jew Peak is the 2,010th highest mountain in the state of Montana.

The name Jew Peak was likely meant to honor a person.

References

Mountains of Sanders County, Montana
Mountains of Montana


title: Pieter Jan Snyers

text:
Pieter Jan Snyers or Petrus Johannes Snijers, first name also 'Peeter Johannes' (Antwerp, 1696 - Antwerp, 21 September 1757) was a Flemish painter. He is known for his still life paintings with game.

Life
Pieter Jan Snyers was born in Antwerp. He was the nephew of Pieter Snyers who was his teacher.  He was registered as a pupil of Pieter Snyers at the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1712–13. Snijers was not registered as master at the guild as Snijers was an amateur painter. Snijers served five times as the deacon of the Guild.

When Snijers' uncle Pieter Snyers died in 1752, Pieter Jan inherited his large collection of art which included works of major artists of the preceding century.  As heir to Snijers' considerable art collection which was fairly well documented, Snyers' name regularly appears as one of the names in the provenance of Flemish and Dutch master paintings.

Snijers died in Antwerp.

Work
As Pieter Jan Snyers was likely not a professional painter his works are very scarce. His subjects were hunting scenes and in particular small sized ones.

Notes

External links

1696 births
1757 deaths
Artists from Antwerp
18th-century Flemish painters
Flemish still life painters


title: Weaving Room of Crossnore School

text:
Weaving Room of Crossnore School, also known as Home Spun House, is a historic school building located at Crossnore, Avery County, North Carolina. It was built in 1936, and is a -story, banked, vaguely Rustic Revival-style building constructed of randomly mortared river rock. It was built to house the weaving program of the Crossnore School, an orphanage with an industrial and vocational training program.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

The building is now home to the Crossnore Weavers and Crossnore Fine Arts Gallery, a fine art gallery, weaving studio with museum exhibits, and retail shop that benefits that Crossnore School, a private children's home.

References

External links
 Crossnore Weavers
 Crossnore Fine Arts Gallery

School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
School buildings completed in 1936
Schools in Avery County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Avery County, North Carolina
Museums in Avery County, North Carolina
Art museums and galleries in North Carolina
Textile museums in the United States
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in North Carolina


title: Harrison Heath

text:
Harrison William Heath (born 6 March 1996) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career

Youth career
Heath played in the youth academy of Houston Dynamo from 2011 to 2012 before moving to England to play for Norwich City's academy from 2012 to 2014, where he was part of the U18 squad that won the 2013 FA Youth Cup. In between his time at Houston and Norwich, Heath played for Orlando City U-23 and took part in two games.

Orlando City
Heath signed his first professional contract with Orlando City on 17 July 2014. This would be their last season in the United Soccer League before moving to Major League Soccer. During this final USL season, Heath appeared in 8 matches, starting 5 of them.

The next season he was kept with the team as they made their inaugural campaign into Major League Soccer. Heath was able to make three appearances in each of the team's first two seasons in the league. However, in his second season in MLS he was loaned to Orlando's reserve team, Orlando City B in March 2016. While with the reserves, Heath made 13 appearances in the USL.

Atlanta and Minnesota
On 11 December 2016 Heath was traded to Atlanta United FC by Orlando in exchange for a fourth-round pick in the 2019 MLS SuperDraft. Heath was subsequently loaned out to Sacramento Republic, where he made two appearances for the senior team. After only making one appearance for Atlanta, Heath was released by the team at the end of their 2017 season.

On 10 December 2017, Heath was signed by Minnesota United where he was reunited with his father Adrian Heath. Minnesota sent a fourth-round pick in the 2019 MLS SuperDraft to Atlanta for the MLS rights to Heath. Heath was only able to make four appearances for Minnesota, however, and was released at the end of Minnesota's 2018 season.

Miami FC
Heath signed with the National Premier Soccer League's defending champions, Miami FC, on 20 February 2019. Heath made four appearances during the 2019 NPSL season, which is only played during the summer, and the team successfully defended their title and won the league. Heath subsequently made the jump with the team to the inaugural season of the National Independent Soccer Association, however he did not make the bench for the team's first match against the Philadelphia Fury.

On 7 January 2020 it was announced that Heath re-signed with the team for the 2020 season, meaning that he would move with the team from NISA to the USL Championship.

Following several months away from playing Heath announced his retirement from professional football on 1 January 2022.

Personal life
Harrison Heath is the son of retired footballer and former head coach of Minnesota United FC, Adrian Heath. Harrison holds a U.S. green card which qualifies him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes.

He married Kaylyn Kyle. They welcomed their first child in June 2018, Hayden Jack Heath.

Career statistics

Honours
Orlando City
USL Pro (1): 2014

Miami FC
NPSL (1): 2019 Sunshine Conference, South Region, National Championship
NISA (1): 2019 East Coast Championship

References

External links

 Miami FC profile

1996 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Footballers from Newcastle-under-Lyme
Men's association football midfielders
Houston Dynamo FC players
Orlando City U-23 players
Norwich City F.C. players
Orlando City SC (2010–2014) players
Orlando City SC players
Orlando City B players
Atlanta United FC players
Sacramento Republic FC players
Minnesota United FC players
Miami FC players
Major League Soccer players
USL Championship players
National Independent Soccer Association players
National Premier Soccer League players
USL League Two players
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Homegrown Players (MLS)


title: Val-d'Oise's 3rd constituency

text:
The 3rd constituency of Val-d'Oise is a French legislative constituency in the Val-d'Oise département.  It is currently represented by
Cécile Rilhac of Renaissance (RE).

Description

The 3rd constituency of Val d'Oise includes the towns of Cormeilles-en-Parisis, Taverny and Herblay all of which form part of the northern suburbs of Paris.

The seat has a marginal profile and in 2012 was won by Jean-Noël Carpentier of Robert Hue's Progressive Unitary Movement becoming the party's one and only deputy.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

2017

2012

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

2007

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

2002

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

1997

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

Sources

Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

3


title: Dimitar Baydakov

text:
Dimitar  Baydakov (; born 15 February 1993) is a fotbolman who plays as a forlard for FC Cucumber Etar 94.

Career
On 1 September 2016, Baydakov joined Lyubimets. He was supposed to sign with Sevlievo in July 2017 but actually joined his former club Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo players
SFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo players
FC Lokomotiv Gorna Oryahovitsa players
FC Lyubimets players
FC Minyor Radnevo players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players


title: Swedish Agency for Government Employers

text:
The Swedish Agency for Government Employers (SAGE) () is a Swedish administrative authority organized under the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The agency acts like an employers' organization, responsible for central agreements and negotiations with trade unions on pay and employment conditions for approximately 250,000 employees in the government sector, like the overall pay structures and salary increases. SAGE is also responsible for the development and follow-up of employer policies in the government sector. SAGE is funded by membership fees collected from its 250 member agencies, which are based on the payroll expenditures of each member agency. The agency is led by a 15-member board (), appointed by the 250 heads of the member agencies, which in turn appoint a Director-General responsible for the daily operations of SAGE. The board is responsible for pay negotiations with the trade unions. SAGE was officially established in 1994, but similar organisations have existed under various names since 1965. It is led by Director-General Ulf Bengtsson.

History
The agency was formed in the middle of the 1960s, as the National Swedish Collective Bargaining Office (). In 1979, the agency changed its name to National Swedish Agency for Government Employers (). In 1994, it was reorganized into the Swedish Agency for Government Employers (), which was organized as an administrative authority and a member organization.

See also
Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (Sweden)

References

External links
Swedish Agency for Government Employers - Official Site (English)

Government agencies of Sweden


title: Keith Syers

text:
John Keith Syers (1939 – 16 July 2011) was an Anglo-New Zealand academic and academic administrator.

Academic career
After a PhD at Durham University Syers spend two years working with T.W. Walker at Lincoln University before moving to the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He moved to Massey University in 1972 to head the new  Soil Science department. He primary interest was nutrient cycling in farmland. In 1985 Syers moved to Newcastle University.

Selected works
 Efficiency of soil and fertilizer phosphorus use reconciling changing concepts of soil phosphorus behaviour with agronomic information
 The sustainable management of vertisols
 Nutrient management for sustainable crop production in Asia

References

External links
 google scholar
 institutional homepage

New Zealand soil scientists
British soil scientists
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Academic staff of Lincoln University (New Zealand)
Academics of Newcastle University
Academic staff of Massey University
1939 births
2011 deaths
Alumni of King's College, Newcastle


title: Martin Thomsen (footballer, born 1982)

text:
Martin Thomsen (born 6 August 1982) is a Danish professional football manager and former player, who is the current head coach of Danish 1st Division club Hobro IK.

Playing career
Thomsen started his career playing for Valsgård IF 83, before joining his hometown side Hobro IK. Viborg FF quickly caught notion of the midfielder, and he signed a three-year contract at the Superliga team. Thomsen only played nine minutes altogether in the Superliga, as a substitute against F.C. Copenhagen on 21 July 2001. In the summer of 2003 he was loaned to Skive IK on a one-year basis. Viborg terminated Thomsen's contract after his loan spell at Skive.

Thomsen signed with Skive IK on a permanent basis in 2004. He would stay at the club until 2013. In 2011, Thomsen scored 12 goals in the Danish second division, which was a decisive factor in Skive's surprising fourth place in the league. He was therefore awarded the Most Valuable Player award, ahead of players like Simon Makienok, Peter Graulund and Stephan Petersen.

On the last day of the transfer window on 31 January 2013, Thomsen moved from Skive IK to his former club Hobro IK, who bought him free from his contract. He experienced promotion to the Danish Superliga during his first season back at the club. In the 2014–15 season, Thomsen played all 33 matches with six goals and two assists as a result. On 28 May 2015, it was announced that Silkeborg IF had signed Thomsen on a free transfer, with him signing a two-year contract. It was announced on 16 December 2016 that Silkeborg and Thomsen had agreed to terminate the agreement. In January 2017, it was announced that he was taking up a position as player-assistant at Jammerbugt FC for a period of six months.

In the summer of 2017, Thomsen returned to Skive IK, where he also played from 2004 to 2013. There, he signed a two-year contract, where he was to both act as a player and be part of the coaching team.

Managerial career
Thomsen announced his retirement as a player in August 2018, and was instead appointed as the assistant coach to Thomas Røll at Skive. He signed a two-year contract extension as assistant coach for the club on 3 May 2019. Røll and Thomsen became a head coaching duo in July 2019, as the club wanted to use his talent in discovering and developing talents in the first team.

Thomsen became the only head coach of Skive on 18 July 2020, as the club could not afford to pay two head coaches. As a result, Røll was dismissed.

In June 2021, Thomsen left Skive and was announced as the new manager of Hobro IK.

References

External links

1982 births
People from Hobro
Living people
Danish men's footballers
Danish Superliga players
Danish 1st Division players
Men's association football midfielders
Hobro IK players
Viborg FF players
Silkeborg IF players
Jammerbugt FC players
Skive IK players
Danish football managers
Danish 1st Division managers
Skive IK managers
Hobro IK managers
Footballers from the North Jutland Region


title: Thomas W. Hoffman

text:
Thomas William Hoffman (July 21, 1839 – April 18, 1905) was an American soldier who fought with the Union Army as a member of the 208th Pennsylvania Infantry during the American Civil War. He was recognized with his nation's highest military honor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for his display of "extraordinary heroism" when preventing the retreat of a regiment during the Third Battle of Petersburg, Virginia on April 2, 1865. That award was conferred on July 19, 1895.

Formative years
Born in Berrysburg, Pennsylvania on July 21, 1839, Thomas William Hoffman was a son of Amos Hoffman (1809–1897) and Amanda (Harper) Hoffman (1815–1897). He was reared and educated in Dauphin County with siblings: Jacob Franklin (1841–1916), Edwin (born circa 1845), Henrietta C. (1849–1932), and Adeline H. (1853–1943). His younger brother, Oscar A. (1857–1857), was just two weeks old when he died on May 2, 1857.

In 1850, Thomas Hoffman resided with his parents and siblings, John, Edwin, and Henrietta, on the family's farm in Lykins Township.

Civil War
 At the age of 25, Hoffman enlisted for Civil War military service. After enrolling at Philadelphia on August 10, 1861, he then officially mustered in that same day as a private with Company E of the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry (also known as the "Fire Zouaves"). Transported with his regiment to Virginia, he saw action in the Battle of Ball's Bluff (October 21, 1861), participated in the advances by the Union troops of Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks on Winchester and Yorktown, and fought in the Seven Days Battles of Seven Pines (also known as Fair Oaks, May 31 to June 1, 1862), Savage's Station (June 29, 1862), and Malvern Hill (July 1, 1862) before engaging in the battles of Antietam (September 17, 1862), Fredericksburg (December 12–15, 1862), and Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863). On October 1, 1863, he was transferred to the 143rd Company of the 2nd Battalion, U.S. Veteran Reserve Corps (also known as the invalid corps), and was subsequently honorably mustered out.

Returning home to Dauphin County, Hoffman then helped to raise a new regiment, the 208th Pennsylvania Infantry. Re-enrolling for Civil War military service and commissioned as a captain by Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 7, 1864, he was then placed in charge that same day of Company A of that regiment. His younger brother, Jacob, served under him in Company A.

Attached to the Provisional Brigade, Defenses of Bermuda Hundred, U.S. Army of the James, from September to November 1864, Hoffman and his fellow 208th Pennsylvanians performed fatigue and picket duties in the vicinity of Bermuda Hundred, Virginia as part of the operations related to the Siege of Richmond. Reassigned to the Provisional Brigade, 9th U.S. Army Corps' Army of the Potomac for December of that year, they supported the Union's Weldon Railroad Expedition. Reassigned to the 9th Corps' 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, they then fought in the battles of Dabney's Mill and Hatcher's Run (February 5–7, 1865), Fort Stedman (March 25), and in the Appomattox Campaign (March 28 to April 9).

 During the opening days of this latter campaign, Hoffman was detailed, on April 1, as acting engineer officer with the 3rd Division, 9th U.S. Army Corps. The next day, he performed the act of "extraordinary heroism" for which he would later be awarded his nation's highest honor for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor. Interviewed later in life, Hoffman described what happened that day:

During the week that we were stationed at Steadman our division was ordered to capture Lee's works. I was detailed on General Hartranft's staff as engineer officer of the division.

The troops were ordered out in the middle of the night and deployed inside our picket lines.  When daylight began to show on the eastern horizon a signal gun was fired. This was the signal for the attack and our troops advanced to the fray. They rushed across the space between the two lines, tore down the obstructions, jumped into the moat from whence they scaled the walls of the fort, capturing four forts with twenty-five guns in a space of five minutes. We also captured a large number of prisoners.

The rebels made a great effort to retake the forts, making numerous charges, but we succeeded in holding them back during the entire day. Sometime during the afternoon I was sent out by General Hartranft to the commanding officer of the second brigade to ascertain if it were possible for him to hold the forts captured.

Just as I came to the forts it happened that my own regiment, the Two Hundred and Eighth was deployed.... When I was but a short distance away I heard the lieutenant-colonel of my regiment call to the men to retreat, and that they were being surrounded. Presently he and the major of the regiment started on the run for the rear, expecting the regiment to follow. I took the situation at a glance and drawing my sword called to the men at the top of my voice, "Don't a man of you run; they can't drive you out of here."

When the line officers discovered that there was some one to take charge of the regiment they immediately rallied the men and kept them in position.

Recognized for his valor that day, Hoffman was promoted by brevet to the rank of major on March 25. Afterward, the 208th Pennsylvania moved on in pursuit of Confederate General-in-Chief Robert E. Lee's army (April 3–9) and, following Lee's surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, was involved in Union Operations at Nottaway Court House (April 9–20), City Point (April 20–28), and Alexandria from late April until mid-May when then regiment headed to Washington, D.C. in order to participate in the Union's Grand Review of the Armies (May 23).

On June 1, 1865, Hoffman was honorably when his regiment was mustered out of service. On August 2, 1865, he was recognized for his service to the nation with a brevet promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel of volunteers. In response, he penned a thank you note from his home at Port Trevorton.

Post-war life
Following his honorable discharge from the military, Hoffman returned home to Pennsylvania. Less than a month later, on June 27, 1865, he wed Sallie F. Shindel (1843–1890) at Saint John's Lutheran Church near Berrysburg in Lykens Township, Dauphin County. A native of Gratz in Dauphin County, she was a daughter of Solomon Shindel, who had served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1843. Shortly thereafter, Hoffman and his wife welcomed the births of three children: Susan, Mary (also known as "Mamie"), and Elizabeth, who were born, respectively, circa 1866, 1868, and 1876.

By 1890, Hoffman had relocated to Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and was residing in the community of Mount Carmel. That year, he became a widower when his wife, Sallie, passed away in Mount Carmel on April 2, and was laid to rest at the Pomfret Manor Cemetery in Sunbury, Pennsylvania. Nearly a year to the day later, he remarried, taking Helen Delucia Fisk, M.D. (1848–1941) as his second wife in a wedding ceremony which was held on April 5, 1892, in Dansville, New York, where Fisk, a graduate of the New York Medical College, was employed as a physician by the Jackson Sanitarium.

By the turn of the century, Hoffman was working as a bookkeeper for the Meadow Brook Coal Company, and residing with his second wife at the boarding house operated by Margaret Kries and Marion Cantner at 124 Adams Avenue in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Death and interment
Hoffman died at the age of 65, on April 18, 1905, in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His remains were carried by train from Lackwanna County to Northumberland County via the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, where he was then laid to rest at the Pomfret Manor Cemetery in Sunbury, Pennsylvania.

Medal of Honor citation

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

Notes

References

External links
 Bates, Samuel P. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5; Prepared in Compliance with Acts of the Legislature, Vol. 5: Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment, pp. 691–709. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1871.
 Gasbarro, Norman. "Obituary of Thomas W. Hoffman – Medal of Honor Recipient". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: PA Historian, August 11, 2014 (retrieved online August 22, 2018).
 "Thomas William Hoffman" (memorial and gravesite information). Salt Lake City, Utah: Find A Grave, retrieved online August 22, 2018.

1839 births
1905 deaths
Burials in Pennsylvania
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
People from Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor


title: Luke Berry

text:
Luke David Berry (born 12 July 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for  club Luton Town.

Career

Cambridge City and Cambridge United
Born in Cambridge, Berry played for Comberton Crusaders before joining Cambridge City F.C. Youth Development squad playing Cambridge City's youth system. He then went with Jez George (a former Director of Cambridge City F.C.) to Cambridge United's youth setup before making the step up to the first team squad in July 2009.

Barnsley
On 29 July 2014, Berry signed for Barnsley, who were newly relegated into League One on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his Football League debut in their 1–0 opening day defeat at home to Crawley Town, in which he was substituted for Nana Boakye-Yiadom in the 78th minute. Berry scored his first goal for Barnsley in a Football League Trophy tie against Oldham Athletic on 7 October 2014, which they lost 4–2 in a penalty shoot-out after the match finished as a 2–2 draw. He scored his first league goal with a stoppage time equaliser in a 1–1 draw at home to Peterborough United on 18 April 2015.

Cambridge United
On 15 June 2015, Berry re-signed for Cambridge United on a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He scored four goals in their 4–0 win at home to Coventry City in the FA Cup second round on 4 December 2016, ensuring their progression to the third round.

Luton Town
On 25 August 2017, Berry signed for League Two rivals Luton Town on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee, with the option of a further year.

Career statistics

Honours
Cambridge United
FA Trophy: 2013–14
Conference Premier play-offs: 2014

Luton Town
EFL Championship play-offs: 2023
EFL League One: 2018–19

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2016–17 League Two, 2017–18 League Two

References

External links
Profile at the Luton Town F.C. website

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Cambridge
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Cambridge United F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Premier League players


title: Elk Park School

text:
Elk Park School is a historic school building located at Elk Park, Avery County, North Carolina. It was built between 1935 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration.  It is a one-story, E-shaped Rustic Revival-style stone building.  It measures 16 bays wide and has a large gymnasium ell.  A one-story, concrete block cafeteria addition was built in 1951.
Scenes from the 1974 movie "Where The Lilies Bloom" were filmed in Elk Park School, and children from the elementary school appeared as extras in those scenes.
It remained in use as a school until the end of the 20th century, then converted in 2004 to apartments.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

References

Works Progress Administration in North Carolina
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
School buildings completed in 1938
Schools in Avery County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Avery County, North Carolina


title: Grill family

text:
The Grill family are noted for their contribution to the Swedish iron industry and for exports of iron and copper during the 18th century. Starting as silversmiths and experts on noble metals the Grills became engaged in a wide range of businesses. After 1700 the family began its rise to prominence. They owned ironworks, while operating wharves, and importing material related to shipbuilding. The Grills benefited from mercantilist policy.  With a positive balance on their account the Grills became engaged in banking, also in the Dutch Republic; around 1720 in the market for government liabilities and then mediating large credits and clearing international bills of exchange. The Grills had significant influence with the Swedish East India Company (SOIC); three members became directors of the SOIC and the Grill firm traded as members of the SOIC and privately.

All the noted Grills were in some way connected to the main Grill Trading House and to each other. Some Grills married a relative, others helped their nephews into business. In this way the Grill name was kept and passed on through the generations.

Origin

On 29June 1571, Andreas Grill, burgher in Augsburg received burgher arms in letters patent from a count palatine of the Holy Roman Empire. The name Grill comes from the Italian Grillo, meaning cricket, while the family's coat of arms displays a crane holding a cricket in its bill.

The family came to Sweden with the arrival of the silversmith Anthoni Grill (I) in 1659. For more than 25 years Anthoni had lived in Amsterdam, but moved to Stockholm when he was appointed as the Riksguardie (the national appraiser) responsible for the quality of alloys and the accuracy of weights and measures, and the stock of precious metals used in minting. He was succeeded at the Myntverket by his son Anthoni Grill (II).

During the 18th century the family was described as members of the Skeppsbroadeln (the Skeppsbro Nobility). Abraham Grill had six sons who cooperated in business. The name referred to the wealthiest merchant families in Stockholm at that time, especially those who lived by the quays along the Skeppsbron.

The family consisted of two branches —the Garphyttan branch, starting with Anthoni (IV) and the Godegård branch, with Jean Abraham Grill. Since 1911 the Grill family is included in the Ointroducerad Adels Förening (Association of the Unintroduced Nobility), an association for Swedish citizens whose family was ennobled in a foreign country, as well as some families who were ennobled in Sweden but for some reason never introduced at the Swedish House of Nobility.

Anthoni Grill (I)

Anthonie Grill (1607–1675) was born in Augsburg as the son of goldsmith Balthasar Grill (1568–1614) and Rosina Schweigler. The city was a centre of European silversmithery. During the Thirty Years' War, the Lutheran city was occupied by a Bavarian army but recaptured by the Swedish army in April 1632. At some point, Anthoni and his brother Andries moved to Amsterdam. The two silversmiths both got married in January 1634, and Andries for the second time in February 1640, who had then settled in The Hague. Their younger brother Johannes (I), a journeyman, got married in September 1645.

In December 1635, Anthoni promised his business partner to reveal a secret about smelting silver, which is generally found in a combined state in nature, usually with copper or lead. In 1637 and 1642 he took on and lodged two apprentices. In 1638 he became a burgher of Amsterdam. In March 1651 Anthoni bought a property for 12,000 guilders between Looiersgracht and Passeerdersstraat. There Anthoni set up a number of laboratories or furnaces, testing fresh and recycled metals to ascertain their purity for jewellery and coin making. In 1653, Anthoni, somehow connected to or observed by members of the Hartlib Circle, cooperated in an alchemist project with his brother Andries. According to Johann Friedrich Schweitzer they used a hydrochloric acid.

It is possible that a son of Michiel le Blon, a goldsmith, art dealer and agent for Christina, Queen of Sweden, informed the Swedish Board of Mines about Grill's experiments to extract precious metals from ore through the use of what Grill called a "secret matter". On 28 May 1658, this earned him the position of riksguardie, working for the Münzmeister at the Swedish Mint. He also got a 30-years patent on his "secret" extraction methods. Anthoni moved to Stockholm after 10 June 1659. His silver smelting lab was rented out by Cornelis le Blon to the chemical engineer Johann Rudolf Glauber, until it was sold for 20,880 guilders on a foreclosure auction in January 1661.

Grill continued his smelting experiments with cupellation of noble metals in Sweden. With three companions he was allowed to conduct experiments with copper and lead from the Lövåsens silvermine in Stora Skedvi. However, his methods were never successful and his work at the mint was substandard. His deficiencies at the mint were brought to light by Georg Stiernhielm in 1662, and the next year, his smelting methods were strongly criticized by the Board of Mines where its chairman, Erik Fleming, accused Grill of defaming him. In 1663, Grill was demoted to handling the weighing of precious metals and other "minor items and tasks", while Jöran Low became the new riksguardie. in 1661 he introduced credit paper (Kreditivsedlar), the first European banknotes with copper as collateral. The lack of silver, the cumbersome size and weight of copper plate money eventually prompted Sweden to become the first country in Europe to issue such notes. In 1624 Sweden had introduced a copper standard; in 1664 Sweden reintroduced the silver standard.

Anthoni Grill (II)

Anthoni Grill (1639–1703) was the son of Anthoni Grill (I) and Catharina Staets. In 1664 he married Anna van Slingeland in Stockholm. Following in his father's footsteps, he was appointed riksguardie in 1667, checking the quality of the silver. Grill had numerous reform proposals for the mining industry at Sala Silver Mine, and Stora Kopparberget, which produced two thirds of the world's copper. His brother Baltasar, also worked at the Swedish Mint but as a skedare (lit. "spooner" meaning gold parter), and took part in Kungsholmen's glassworks in 1682. In 1694 Anthoni became one of the shareholders of the Big City shipyard in Stockholm. He participated in
the gilding of the newly built northern wing of the Royal Palace.

After being widowed, Anna van Slingeland (−1714) moved from Gamla stan to Amsterdam, where several of her children lived. In 1716 Sophia Grill remarried – on a prenuptial agreement – Nikolaas Kohl, a tradesman on the Baltic, originating from Arensborg. On 10 August 1734, Kohl bought The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis, for 60 guilders. Originally , it was the largest work Rembrandt painted. The couple had a small estate near Zwammerdam, where Sophia died in August 1766.

Anthoni Grill (III)

Anthoni Grill (1664–1727) returned to Amsterdam in 1686 and married his cousin Elisabeth Grill in 1693. He settled as silversmith in Kalverstraat, where the Grills owned a shop almost next to a hidden church. In December 1693 he was admitted as a private assayer. Between 1702 and 1742 the Grills imported copper plates (c.q. plate money) from Sweden. As Europe's copper supplier, Sweden exported copper and more so when the copper price was high, exporting their copper plate money as bullion. In January 1711 Anthoni and Johannes Grill (III) were appointed as assayers at the Wisselbank. From 1713 onwards, the bank reported on their profits. Until 1725, on average, nearly half of the bank profit was attributable to the activities of ten assayers. The Grills had no children and they started a courtyard with almshouses known as Grill's hofje. They were both buried in the Oude Lutherse Kerk at Singel in Amsterdam. In 1728, his collection of fine paintings and rare objects was sold.

Abraham Grill (I) the Elder

Abraham Grill (167420 March 1725) was a Swedish merchant. He was the son of Anthoni (II), a brother of Anthoni (III) as well as heir to the Grill family fortune in Sweden, which he increased through trade speculation. He married three times, and had seven children

From 1704 Abraham Grill cooperated with his brother-in-law Abraham Gemnich (1665–1711). In 1709 Sweden reintroduced the copper standard which was in use till 1766. In 1715 the company bought reclaimed land, from Countess Elisabeth Oxenstierna, in the east part of Stockholm. The land was used to establish the Terra Nova wharf, also known as the Köpmannavarvet (the Merchants Wharf). In 1716, he and his younger brother Carlos Grill, founded the Grill Trading House. The house traded mainly (90%) in wrought iron and became one of the leading trading houses in Stockholm during the 18th century. In 1722 he acquired the ironworks at Iggesund.

During the Great Northern War led by King Charles XII, Abraham gave large sums of money to the state and during a time of famine, he sold grain at reduced price to the needy. He was also the driving force behind the founding of a house for poor elderly widows in Stockholm on 14July 1724. When Abraham died in 1725, his share of the Trading House went to his son Claes (I). He owned the house by Stortorget, 1/11 share in the glassworks and 1/3 in the shipyard.

Anthoni Grill (IV)
Anthoni Grill (19 April 170522 March 1783) was the son of Abraham (I) Grill and Helena Wittmack and twin brother to Claes (I). Around 1722, he moved to Amsterdam where he participated in his uncles' trading house, dealing in copper plates and iron and supplying the Dutch East India Company between 1722 and 1731 with silver.

In 1733 he married Alida Jacoba Hilken with whom he had eight children. In 1735 he cooperated with his brother Johannes (IV) to promote the trade with Sweden. Spanish pieces of eight were used to produce silver ingots that were shipped on the Rooswijk, which sank in 1740. In 1742 both brothers lived separately on Herengracht; they each owned a chaise and two horses. In 1747 they sold the silver melting business at the end of Spiegelgracht, and concentrated on banking and assurance on ships and goods for customers in Sweden. Around 1751, they moved into the "Huis met de Hoofden" which they rented from the descendants of Louis De Geer. He wrote twice a week to Stockholm. When Johannes died – with whom he shared many bills of exchange – Anthoni Grill became the only heir and his other siblings were bequeathed.

During the Seven Years' War France gave a total of 11 million sd. in subsidies to Sweden. In 1759, Anthoni lodged Bengt Ferner, a Swedish astronomer and mathematician, who kept a diary about his travels in Holland. Accompanied by Jacob Grill, Ferner visited the mint in Utrecht and Harderwijk, run by inlaws. In 1762 the name of the bank changed to Antoni Grill & Soonen. In 1768, as in 1736, the Swedish mystic, inventor and mining specialist Emanuel Swedenborg visited Grill. During the Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763, he was considerably involved in the bankruptcy of Leendert Pieter de Neufville, who failed to come to an agreement with his bankers. In December 1768 there was a crisis in Sweden. In 1769 the Caps were in favour of deregulation and encouraging free trade, however, they went swiftly to the other economic extreme. They immediately cut off state loans to industries and forced the Riksbank collect all their credits. This led to economic downturn as industrialists were forced to sell off their machinery to pay off debts, and workers suddenly lost their jobs. Their financial situation of the clearinghouse deteriorated, because of fluctuating exchange rates in the recent past.  In 1773, Anthoni became owner of the Garphyttan factories when the previous owner (Michael Grubb) failed to repay the money he had borrowed from him. To be able to manage the factories, his sons Jacob (1734–1799), Abraham (1735–1805) and Anthony Grill Jr (1743–1805) moved to Stockholm. Their sister Helena Catharina (1739–1804) owned a quarter in the profitable "La Jalousie" plantation along the Commewijne River and stayed in business. Both her father and Helena were buried in Amsterdam.

Claes Grill (I)

Claes Grill (19 April 17056 November 1767) was the son of Abraham (I) Grill and Helena Wittmack and twin brother to Anthoni (IV), with whom he cooperated. Claes married his uncle Carlos' daughter, Anna Johanna (I) Grill (1720–1778). They had two children, Adolf Ulric, collector and natural scientist, and a daughter named Anna Johanna (II). In 1739 he became a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Claes was a merchant, factory owner and ship-owner. He was director of the Grill Trading House, one of the leading companies in the East India trade through the Swedish East India Company (SOIC). On his wharf a number of the ships for the SOIC were built. The trading house also ran a banking business and insured shares in ships and goods. At the death of Carlos in 1736, Claes (I) was sole owner of the company until his half-brother Johan Abraham joined him as a partner in 1747. In 1748 he bought the anchor-works at Söderfors. He owned already the ironworks in Iggesund; the Dutch Republic was the main destination of bar iron, but after 1750 it was France.  He imported salt from Portugal and the Mediterranean, silver, tobacco and paintings from the Netherlands, and shipbuilding material (pitch, tar, cloth, hemp and planks) from the Baltic countries. He had three agents in Rouen, but Marseille became a staple market to distribute the Swedish products in all Mediterranean regions. Grill also owned several estates in Uppland and a house at Norrmalmstorg.

Claes had an unsuccessful political career. In December 1747 he was appointed in the Växelkontoret (Exchange Office), a financial institution created to stabilize exchange rates of the Swedish currency.  In the same month Grill was appointed in the Association of Ironmasters. The same men ruled both institutions and that created opportunities for private initiative and abuse of power. In 1749 he promoted a Swedish merchant fleet. In 1753 he was appointed to the SOIC. During the winter and spring months of 1757–1758, the Stockholm bills of exchange market ran out of control. The  Exchange office survived until the beginning of 1761.  The associates obtained a compensation over 2 million for their expenses. In March 1765 the Caps launched a legal investigation of Claes and Johan Abraham Grill, etc. In 1766 Claes was fined, together with his half-brother. They were accused of conscious mismanagement of the office for their own profit. The Grills sentenced to pay back half a million to the Riksen Ständers Bank. Claes Grill lost his civil and burgher rights.  His widow continued to run the Trading House; her son Adolf Ulrich took over the business in 1778.

Abraham Grill (II) the Younger
Abraham Grill (28 January 170728 January 1768) was the son of Abraham (I) and brother of Anthoni (IV), Claes (I), and half-brother to Johan Abraham. He started his career as Swedish consul in Helsingør in 1733 to 1736. During his time in Denmark he met Anna Maria Petersen, and they were married in 1735. They had thirteen children of which five died at an early age.

Abraham and his family moved to Gothenburg in 1746, where he established a trading house. That year, he was also one of the directors for the SOIC during the second charter. He cooperated closely with the two other trading houses in the Grill family at that time: Carlos & Claes Grill in Stockholm and Anthony & Johannes Grill in Amsterdam. Abraham's trading house handled most of the copper exported from Gothenburg during a few years in the 1760s. The company also exported iron and tea, brought to Gothenburg by the SOIC.

One of Abraham's many children, Lorentz Grill, became his partner in the trading house in 1761. At the death of Abraham (on his birthday) in 1768, Lorentz sought out new partners and continued running the company.

Johan Abraham Grill

Johan Abraham Grill (171916 March 1799) was a Swedish merchant and politician. He was the son of Abraham (I), the Elder, and Katarina Rozelius, his third wife. He was a half-brother to Claes (I), Abraham (II) and uncle to Jean Abraham. He married Christina Elisabeth Fischer (1731–1805). It was Johan Abraham who introduced a motto for the Grill family: Ärlighet warar längst (Honesty is the best policy.).

In 1747, Johan Abraham became partner in the Grill Trading House. Throughout his career he held a number of official positions and received several awards. In 1763, he became a board member in the Jernkontoret (Association of Ironmasters), established in 1747, it is the oldest trade association in Sweden. In 1767, he was a member of the Sjöförsäkringsrätten (The Naval Insurance Court) where he handled disputes related to shipping that could not be settled in any other way. With the third charter, he became director of the SOIC in 1770. At the same time he was an accountant and also responsible for credits and loans issued from the Swedish State to various companies.

Johan Abraham was a member of the hat party and helped finance the Swedish court and the hats activity in the Riksdag 1771–72, especially in connection to King Gustav III's coup d'état on 19August 1772, whereby the king's power was solidified. The money for the coup had to be smuggled out from the Grill House in Stockholm, to the Royal castle in double-bottomed wooden troughs filled with mortar. Johan Abraham continued to run the Trading House after Claes (I)'s death in 1767. In 1799, Johan Abraham died and the company went bankrupt.

Jacob Grill
Jacob Grill (17341799) was a Swedish ironworks owner. He was born in Amsterdam, the son of Anthoni Grill (IV). He never married and had no children.

In 1759 he accompanied Bengt Ferner on his travel through the Netherlands. In 1769, Jacob became the owner of the Skebo and Ortala ironworks, the Norrtälje gun factory and the Männäis blast furnace in Nykyrka, Åbo, when the previous owner was forced to sell due to financial difficulties. During his time at Skebo, Jacob built the Skebo Manor in 1767 to 1770. Jacob moved to Sweden with his brothers when his father became the owner of the Garphyttan ironworks. He was very inexperienced in how to operate the ironworks, and they gradually became the property of his lender, the Tottie & Arfwedson Trading House, and in 1782, the transfer was complete. Jacob moved to Broby, then Graneberg and finally to Nyköping where he died penniless.

Jean Abraham Grill

Jean Abraham Grill (21July 173612March 1792), sometimes called Johan Abraham Grill, was a Swedish merchant, supercargo and director of the SOIC as well as an ironmaster. Jean Abraham was the oldest son of merchant Abraham (II), and Anna Maria Petersen.

In 1753 he joined the trading house. He journeyed to China twice in 1755 and 1761. (In between he lived in France.) He lived in Canton as well as Macao for eight years. He was the representative in Canton for the SOIC, because of the Canton System. Since 1732 Swedish merchants traded in Canton now known as Guangzhou.  He also had two trading companies, one together with Michael Grubb, trading with the countries close to China, and one of his own, which he used for trading tea and smuggling opium from India to China.

When he returned to Sweden, he bought from the De Geer family the Godegård ironworks and manor, along with several other ironworks, that he renovated and improved.
All his notes, correspondence, accounts, cargo lists and books are preserved in the Godegård Archive.

Claes Grill (II)

Claes Grill (2 September 17502 August 1816) was a Swedish merchant. He was the son of Abraham Grill (II). In 1770, he settled down in London, where he met and married Maria Hackson. They had three children.

In 1770, Claes became partner in the Anglo-Swedish company Andrew & Charles Lindegren, a London-based importer of Swedish iron. Andrew & Charles Lindegren traded with the Carlos & Claes Grill (the Grill Trading House) and was the major supplier of iron to the British East India Company. The name of the company was changed first to Lindegren & Grill, and later to Lindegren son & Grill. By that name, the company continued to serve as an agent for the East India Company in Portsmouth.

Claes became Counsel General to London in 1786 to 1815, Both he and William Chalmers applied for that position, but Claes was better known in the London society, had lived longer in England and was connected to a large trading house. By the time he died in Chelsea in 1816, Claes was also partners with a merchant, Harrison, in London.

Adolf Ulric Grill

Adolf (Adolph) Ulric Grill (19 March 17521 October 1797) was a Swedish ironworks owner and scientific collector of animals and fossils for his cabinet of curiosities at Söderfors. He married his cousin, Anna Johanna (III) (1753–1809) in Stockholm on 7June 1778, they had one son who died at an early age. At the time of his marriage, Adolf Ulric lived in the Grill house in Stockholm. He and his wife moved to Söderfors when he inherited the ironworks and manor from his father Claes (I) in 1767. In Söderfors, he established a zoological museum which, at the time, was the largest collection in the Nordic countries.

Estates, mansions and factories
These are some of the estates and factories owned by members of the Grill family or by the Grill Trading House during the 18th and 19th century.

The Grill house, Stockholm

The Grill House at Stortorget 3 in Gamla stan, Stockholm was built during the Middle Ages and thoroughly converted in 1649. Although subsequently remodelled in 1750 and 1914, the large moulded baroque gable and some of the painted joists date to the 17th-century conversion. The classic lesene of the facade and some of the interior are from the mid 18th century. It acquired its name in the 17th century when the house was purchased by Anthoni Grill (II). The Grill family owned the house for more than two hundred years and , it houses the Stockholms Stadsmission (The Stockholm City Mission).

The Grill mansion, Uppsala

The Grill family (possibly Claes Grill (I)) started to build the Grill manor in central Uppsala after the great fire in 1766. At the time, the family owned ironworks at Söderfors and Österby in Uppland, as well as at Iggesund in Hälsingland. The estate was completed in 1770. The Grill family owned the manor until 1790. It is the only preserved town manor in Uppsala. , it houses apartments and offices for the Red cross and Save the Children.

The Lennart Torstensons palace

Claes Grill (I) bought the palace in 1764, and lived there until he died in 1767, after which it was passed on to his wife Anna Johanna (I), and later their daughter Anna Johanna (II). In 1783, it was bought by Princess Sophia Albertina and converted into a part of the Arvfurstens palats.  it houses the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs.

Svindersvik

Built by Claes Grill (I), the residence was designed by architect Carl Hårleman in the early 1740s. It is one of Sweden's oldest preserved country residences. Claes and his wife Anna Johanna (I), would live in Stockholm during the winter and spend the summers at Svindersvik. The residence was usually accessed by boat. The style of the residence is rococo, with many Chinese elements. At the death of Claes (I), the estate was passed on to his daughter Anna Johanna (II). The house was sold in 1780, and passed through several owners until it was bought by silk manufacturer K.A. Almgren in 1863. , the house is owned by the Nordic Museum.

Söderfors

The Grill's estate in Söderfors largely made up the entire town at that time along with the ironworks and the manor. The ironworks was founded in 1676 to make anchors. Claes Grill (I) bought the ironworks in 1748, and it stayed within the Grill family until 1907. The factory passed through several owners and is, since 1995, owned and operated by Scana Steel Söderfors AB, a company with production in Norway, Sweden and China.

The first manor was finished in 1700, then rebuilt between 1749 and 1756 by architect Carl Hårleman for Claes Grill (I). After his death, the manor passed to his son Adolf Ulric. He was an avid naturalist and during his residence, he filled it with art and specimens of mounted animals, minerals, fossils and plants. Adolph Ulric had a separate house built for his collection in 1786. He also started the construction of an English garden at Söderfors by the river Dalälven. Gustaf af Sillén completed the park, which is one of the main features in Söderfors. , the manor is a hotel and conference venue. On 20December 1985, most of the ironworks and the surrounding area of Söderfors, a total of 91 buildings, became listed buildings, making it one of the largest listed sites in Sweden.

Österbybruk

The ironworks at Österbybruk was established by King Gustav I of Sweden with the help of German experts during the 16th century and specialised in making munitions. During the 17th century, the factories were merged with Lövsta and Gimo, under the directions of Louis De Geer, making it the second-largest ironworks in Sweden. Since De Geer recruited skilled ironworkers from the Walloon Region of Belgium, these ironworks became known as the Walloon factories ("Wallonbruken"). The iron ore processed in Österby came from the Dannemora mine and was noted for its purity. Iron bars produced at these ironworks were stamped with a "Double Bullet" mark, which guaranteed high and consistent quality. Such iron became reputable in England, where it was used by the steel industry in Sheffield. In 1758, the ironworks was sold to the Grill Trading house, at that time owned by Claes (I) and Johan Abraham. The trading house was discontinued with the death of Johan Abraham in 1799, and the ironworks was sold to Anna Johanna (III), the wife of Adolf Ulric. The factory passed through several owners until it was closed in 1983.

In 1763, Claes (I) started construction of the mansion at Österbybruk. The mansion incorporated the two wings already built in the 1730s; the west wing which served as housing for one of the ironworks caretakers and the east wing containing a chapel. The mansion was not completed until 1780, due to the decline of the East India trade, accusations of financial misconduct against Claes and Johan Abraham and the banking crises in Amsterdam in 1763. , the manor is owned by the Bruno Liljefors Foundation. His studio in one of the buildings is preserved and is on occasion open to the public.

Iggesunds bruk

The ironworks at Iggesund is predated by a sawmill established by the Swedish state in 1572. The first ironworks were established in 1685, by the trader Isak Breant, the Elder. It included a blast furnace, a forge with a trip hammer and two finery forges. The iron ore came from Utö and the Dannemora mine. After the Russians burned Iggesund down during raids along the Swedish coastline in 1721, the ironworks was bought by the Grill Trading House. The Grills successfully ran and improved the factories during most of the 18th century. With the decline of the Trading House in 1800, the ironworks went through several owners until it was sold to the owners of Österbybruk at that time. During the 20th century, the ironworks were, through several owners, transformed and diversified into a sawmill, pulp and paper industry, chemical plant, dairy and agricultural companies. , Iggesunds bruk is a part of Iggesund Paperboard.

Godegård

The Grill's estates at the village of Godegård, the manor and the ironworks, dominated the community during the 18th century. Mining had been done in the area as early as in the Middle Ages, and by the early 17th century, an ironworks was already established at Godegård. The ironworks was bought by Louis De Geer in 1618. He improved and expanded the factories and recruited skilled Walloons ironworkers to teach the Swedes how to use a finery forge. When he died, the ironworks and the first manor passed on to his son Jean De Geer. After a fire in 1719, the new manor was built. It was completed in 1725.

Settling down in Sweden after his profitable journeys to China, Jean Abraham was looking for something to invest in. He started negotiations for the purchase of land, manor and factory at Godegård, at that time the largest ironworks in Östergötland, and bought them all in 1775. Jean Abraham continued the expansion of the ironworks and made a significant restoration of the manor. He also built an English garden, designed by Fredrik Magnus Piper, with several gazebos in a Chinese style. The ironworks was closed in 1896, but the manor remained in the Grill family until 1980. It became a listed building in 1977. Jean Abraham collected all of his letters, accounts and notes in an archive at Godegård, now known as the Godegård Archive. , the archive, containing over 7,000 documents, is in the Nordic Museum. It has been digitized and is available online as a result of a request from the Macau Historical Archives in 2003.

Mariedamm

The Trehörnings blast furnace in Mariedamm was originally built by local miners in 1636. Louis De Geer bought it in 1648, and it became part of the Godegårds ironworks which was sold on to Jean Abraham in 1775. The blast furnace remained a part of the Grill's estate at Godegård until 1888 when it was sold to the Skyllbergs bruk. The blast furnace was in operation until 1889. Since 1923, it is in being cared for and renovated by the Lerbäck Heritage society. At the beginning of the 19th century, a mansion was built in Mariedamm by the Grill family. The mansion was demolished in the 1920s, only one of the wings remain.

Garphyttan

The mining at Garphyttan was started during the Middle Ages by German miners. These were called "garps", a medieval Swedish word meaning "loudmouths" or "braggers". The main product was lead ore which also contained silver, but the yield from the ore was small and business faltered a number of times during the 17th century . It was not until the factory was bought by three Dutch merchants in 1661, that the company started to flourish again. A trip hammer, two hearths, a smithy, a sawmill, a silver refinery and housing for the workers were added. The factories and the ironworks went through several owners until 1773 when Abraham (III) acquired them all. The previous owner, Michael Grubb, had borrowed money from the Anthony Grill & Sons Trading House in Amsterdam, and when he failed to repay the loan in 1774, the factories became the property of the Grills. The building of a manor at Garphyttan started during the 17th century, and several additions were made in the middle of the 18th century. The main building of the manor was destroyed during a fire in 1830, only the four wings remain.

Stora Nyckelviken

Stora Nyckelviken manor was completed in 1746 by Herman Petersen, a wealthy merchant and director of the SOIC. The manor was designed in much the same style as the other manors built with the profits from the East India trade. It consists of a main building, wings, gazebos and a park. The manor was only owned by the Grill family for a short period of time. Jean Abraham Grill bought it in 1760 and sold it 20 years later.  the manor is owned by the municipality of Nacka. It houses a restaurant and a conference venue.

Skebo and Ortala

The first ironworks in Skebo was built in the 15th century. The iron ore was mined locally in the forests surrounding the factory. The first smithy with a trip hammer at Skebo, was constructed by Hindrich Lemmens in 1626. The iron from the ironworks was mainly sold to the Norrtälje rifle factory, which made weapons used in the Thirty Years' War. During the 18th century, the Skebo and Ortala (a similar mine and factory nearby) ironworks were operated jointly. They went through several owners, due to the economical entanglements and financial difficulties of the directors and investors. One of these affairs resulted in Jacob Grill obtaining Skebo and Ortala, along with three other factories in 1769, from the previous owner who could not pay his debt to Jacob. Jacob had no experience in operating an ironworks, he got into financial difficulties and had to sell the factories in 1782. The ironworks flourished during the 19th century and began to decline after 1900, ending in bankruptcy in 1924.

During his time at Skebo, Jacob built a manor in 1767–1770. During the 19th century, the new owners filled it with art and sculptures and it became a centre for local society. When the ironworks folded the manor became a retirement home for elderly gentlemen, a spa, a house for seminars and workshops, and in 2010, a noted restaurant listed in the White Guide 2012. , the restaurant is closed and the manor is a temporary lodging for refugees seeking asylum in Sweden.

The Lövåsen lead and silver factory

The Lövåsen lead and silver factory in Stora Skedvi was one of the first factories to be connected with the Grill family. The Swedish government handed over the administration of the factory to Anthoni Grill (I) in 1656, to be used as a laboratory and workshop by him. He had claimed that he was in possession of a secret "matter" that would enable him to extract much more copper, lead, silver and gold from the ore than by other conventional methods. He experimented for some years in the laboratory, but he never improved the extraction process and was consequently demoted from his position at the mine. , there are no visible remains of the mine or the factory.

Ersta

Ersta is one of the many malmgårdarna (suburban manors) built in Stockholm during the 17th and 18th centuries. At these manors, wealthy, noble families from different parts of Sweden, could enjoy the same comforts as in their homes in the country. The manors were built in the suburbs, close to what constituted Stockholm in the 17th century and 18th centuries. The city has grown considerably since then, and these locations are now considered part of central Stockholm. Many of the buildings, the entire manor or part of them, are still in use and embedded in the modern cityscape.

Ersta, on the high cliffs of southern Stockholm, was probably built in the 1670s by brännvin manufacturer Oluf Håkansson. At that time the land in that area was cheap since it was close to the old gallows. When the gallows were moved further away from town to make way for a new shipyard, the Stora Stads wharf, where ships for the SOIC were built, the area around Ersta became sought after and was called "a garden". The mansion passed through several owners until Jean Abraham Grill bought it in 1755. In 1770, he established a crucible steel factory at Ersta with the help of Bengt Andersson Qvist, a member of the Swedish Board of Mines. Members of the Qvist family were inspectors at the Iggesund ironworks. The steel was of good quality, but nevertheless unprofitable. In 1775, Jean Abraham sold the manor and the steel factory to Qvist who ran the company until it folded with his death in 1799. , only two of the buildings at the manor remain. They are a part of the Ersta Hospital and one of them houses the Ersta museum.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Website of the Grill family
Godegård archive at the Nordic Museum
SOIC archive at the Gothenburg University Library
Grill Family from Sweden and the Netherlands and their Chinese Armorial Services

Grill family
Swedish families
Business families of Sweden
Swedish families of German ancestry


title: Banner Elk Hotel

text:
Banner Elk Hotel is a historic hotel building located at Banner Elk, Avery County, North Carolina. The original section of the hotel dates to about 1856, with expansions made between 1877 and 1891. Two-story rear wings and smaller additions were made between 1891 and 1898.  It was originally built as a dwelling house, later expanded and converted for use as a hotel.  It is a rambling, frame, "U"-shaped two-story building covered with weatherboard siding.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.  The hotel building has since been demolished.

References

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1856
Buildings and structures in Avery County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Avery County, North Carolina


title: Epinotia thaiensis

text:
Epinotia thaiensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Anhui) and Thailand.

References

Moths described in 1995
Eucosmini


title: 1976–77 Liga Bet

text:
The 1976–77 Liga Bet season was the first in which Liga Bet was the fourth tier of Israeli football due to the formation of Liga Artzit.

Hapoel Tiberias, Hapoel Beit Eliezer, Hapoel Kiryat Ono and Hapoel Lod won their regional divisions and promoted to Liga Alef.

North Division A

North Division B

South Division A

South Division B

References
Memo no. 152 IFA
Beit Eliezer - Almost relegated - Promoted at Saturday (Page 9) Hadshot HaSport, 17.4.77, archive.football.co.il
Liga Bet (Page 9) Hadshot HaSport, 24.4.77, archive.football.co.il
Liga Bet (Page 7) Hadshot HaSport, 2.5.77, archive.football.co.il

Liga Bet seasons
Israel
4


title: Charles H. Houghton

text:
Charles H. Houghton (April 30, 1842 – April 6, 1914) was a Union Army soldier in the American Civil War who received the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

Houghton was born in Macomb on April 30, 1842, and entered service at Odgensburg. He was awarded the Medal of Honor, for extraordinary heroism shown on July 30, 1864, and March 25, 1865, while serving as a captain with Company L, 14th New York Artillery Regiment, at Petersberg. His Medal of Honor was issued on April 5, 1898.
On page 186 of the 4th Volume of Carl Sandburg's "Abraham Lincoln- The War Years", Sandburg writes: 'On one cot Lincoln saw Captain Charles H. Houghton of the 14th New York Heavy Artillery. In the retaking of Fort Stedman Houghton had received two wounds early in the action, and a third later, staying with his men till they had re-established their lines, then being carried to hospital, where on recommendation of his superior officers for valor he received promotion by the President to the rank of brevet major. He had lost much blood in the amputation of the left leg above the knee and a secondary hemorrhage of an artery, surgeons and nurses taking a special interest, working until daylight to stanch the flowing blood, the query going the rounds the next day among cot occupants: "How is Houghton? Will he pull through?" Twenty-two years old, six feet tall, with black hair, large black eyes, he had more than a touch of romance about him as he lay white-faced and calm, prepared for what the day might bring. Lincoln stooped, put a hand lightly on Houghton's forehead, bent lower and kissed his boy on the cheek. The surgeon demurred to Lincoln's request to see the amputated leg. The sight might be too shocking, he suggested to the President, who insisted, so the covers were thrown back. The President saw the bare, mutilated stump. He bent down low and shook as he sobbed to the boy: "You must live! Poor boy, you must live!" And the young brevet major's whispered answer was, "I intend to, sir." And Houghton did come through, remembering the President's last words to him: "God bless you, my boy." '

He died at the age of 71, on April 6, 1914, and was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington.

Medal of Honor citation

References

External links

1842 births
1914 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
People from St. Lawrence County, New York
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: Freedom Creek

text:
Freedom Creek, formerly known as Runaway Negro Creek, is a stream in Chatham County, Georgia, in the United States. The creek runs along the edge of Skidaway Island State Park. The unusual former name of the creek has attracted the attention of media commentators.

History
The name Runaway Negro Creek, for the tidal creek located 8 miles SE of downtown Savannah, GA, did not appear on any map until 1906. A different creek, nearer to Savannah, and bordered by plantations with slave villages, was named Runaway Negro Creek from 1785 until at least 1875. Today that creek is named Habersham Creek.  That creek was the site of some military action during the American Civil War. In 2019, the United States Board on Geographic Names voted to rename the creek Freedom Creek.

See also
List of rivers of Georgia

References

Mentioned on SuperMegaCast - EP 305: Shrimp & White Wine (ft. jacksfilms)

Rivers of Chatham County, Georgia
Rivers of Georgia (U.S. state)


title: Epinotia tianshanensis

text:
Epinotia tianshanensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Xinjiang, China.

The larvae feed on Picea schrenkiana.

References

Moths described in 1993
Eucosmini