title: Z Nation

text:
Z Nation is an American horror television series that aired on Syfy, created by Karl Schaefer and Craig Engler, and was produced by The Asylum. The first season of 13 episodes premiered on September 12, 2014. Z Nation was filmed in the Spokane, Washington, area.

On June 16, 2016, Syfy announced that Z Nation third season would be preceded by a TV movie, set prior to the climax of season 2 and introducing central characters for the third season. However, the movie was instead presented as the first two episodes of the season, the two-part "No Mercy".

On December 15, 2017, Syfy renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 5, 2018. On December 22, 2018, Syfy cancelled the series after five seasons. The 68th and final episode aired on December 28, 2018, concluding the five-season series.

Premise
Z Nation begins three years into a zombie apocalypse caused by a virus that has already killed most humans. In the days just before society fell apart, Murphy was one of three inmates at Portsmouth Naval Prison in Kittery, Maine, who were unwilling participants in a government-approved experiment. Each inmate was given a different test vaccine. Murphy was the only one to survive the vaccine injection. He is the only known survivor of a zombie bite who did not turn into a zombie, and his blood contains antibodies that are humankind's last and best hope for a vaccine. However, he seems to be mutating into some form of hybrid between zombie and human—his skin is shedding and his body turning blue, and he seems to be able to control and even mesmerize certain types of zombies that he encounters; yet he has not turned into a full zombie and still maintains control of himself. The series revolves around his travels with a small group of survivors being led through the apocalypse by Simon "Citizen Z" Cruller, who watches the world from his multiple computers. The group is looking to use him to solve the zombie pandemic.

The group must transport Murphy from New York to the world's last known functioning Centers for Disease Control research lab in California. However, Murphy harbors a dark secret about his condition that threatens them all.

Episodes

Cast and characters

 Kellita Smith as Lt. Roberta Warren. Lt. Roberta Warren is a survivor of the zombie apocalypse. An ex-National Guard member activated out of Missouri, she is a member of the Westward-bound survivor group, and a former member of the Blue Sky Camp survivor group in New York. Like many other survivors of the zombie apocalypse, Warren lost nearly everything and everyone that mattered to her. She becomes the leader of the survivor group after the death of Garnett. In Season 4, she wakes up in Zona after being treated from being hit with a ricocheting bullet that passed through Murphy. After the chaos caused by the failing vaccine made from Murphy's blood among the Zona Citizens, she, along with Murphy, escapes and reunites with the group. In season 5, she becomes a talker after dying from blood loss after the drone she was trapped in crash-landed in the season 4 finale. However, unlike any of the talkers, she does not crave brains, presumably due to Murphy's blood in her system.
 DJ Qualls as Citizen Z  PFC Simon Cruller aka Citizen Z, a former hacker, was working at the NSA's Northern Light listening post in the Arctic Circle. After a doomed rescue mission flight out of Northern Light, he becomes the NSA's sole surviving employee and uses his high-tech equipment to assist the group in its journey to California. He also runs a radio broadcast for other survivors, informing people to take cover when there is a threat of inescapable disaster-level weather or zombie hordes. He was slowly going insane from loneliness, until he rescued a sled dog named Pup which became his companion for the rest of the season. In the Season 1 finale, Murphy triggered a security protocol which unleashed nuclear missiles targeted at every military base and laboratory in the country, including Camp Northern Light.  At the end of season 2, Citizen Z decides to leave Northern Light when he realizes that the post's computer systems and equipment have sustained too much damage for him to repair alone. He leaves on foot with Pup, pulling a dog sled, in subzero temperatures. Near death, he is rescued by Kaya, an Inuit girl, and her surviving family members. They return to Camp Northern Light for the remaining resources, and repair the equipment making it operational again. He and Kaya form a relationship, which results in her becoming pregnant. He leaves in a plane and meets the survivor group in person to inform them that Lucy had been kidnapped by The Man, but later returns. He joins the team in Newmerica in Season 5.
 Keith Allan as Alvin Murphy  Alvin Bernard Murphy is a resentful and frail former convict who becomes the only known survivor of zombie bites after being part of a scientific experiment. The Westward-bound survivor group is tasked with transporting him to a government laboratory in California, as his apparent immunity is believed to be the sole solution to the ZN1 virus. Over time, Murphy's appearance changes, and he becomes part-zombie. He can communicate with zombies, develops feelings for them and can make them do his bidding. He also develops a special gift: after biting a person or exposing them to his saliva or blood, he can direct them using telepathy. In Season 3, after finding out the survivors at Zona want to use him only for themselves, he escapes after biting Dr. Merch and several military personnel, as well as 10K and decides to make the human race into zombie-human hybrids (known as the "Blends") which is under his control. In season 4, he is cured at Zona but loses his special abilities. He later regains his abilities when he was bitten by Lucy to save his life after being bitten by a zombie. In the series finale, he finally learns the cure for the zombie virus after eating Sun Mei's brain, but leaves it ambiguous if he'll use it for good or not.
 Russell Hodgkinson as Steven "Doc" Beck  Doc was a wellness counselor and recovering drug addict pre-apocalypse. Prior to becoming a counselor, he served the United States Navy and was stationed in the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay. Although not an actual medical doctor, he becomes the group's de facto medic due to his medical knowledge, which he acquired from watching ER. With his limited knowledge, he is able to treat the injured members of the group and other survivors that they meet along the way. He is a former member of the Blue Sky Camp in New York, along with Warren, Addy, and Mack. He forms an attachment with 10k as a father figure, recounting his guilt over not being a supportive father over an unrecognized son that he had when he was 19. He is also the first among the Westward-bound survivor group to befriend Murphy. He aids Serena when she gives birth to Lucy in season 2. In Season 3, Doc revealed that he has a PhD in Clinical Psychology, and was able to help the surviving patients confined in a psychiatric hospital.
 Nat Zang as Thomas "10K"  10K, often called "The Kid" by Doc, is the youngest member of the Westward-bound survivor group. In the season 1 finale, his real name was revealed to be "Tommy". 10K is quiet and observant. He is highly proficient with a sniper rifle and other projectiles, and is "pretty good with a knife". He loves killing zombies, and keeps track of each one he kills. His goal is 10,000 kills, hence his self-given nickname, and he has already reached 1,000 by his first appearance.   His backstory reveals that 10K was forced to kill his father, making a promise to him that he would stay strong and fight. 10K harbors feelings of anger and hatred towards Murphy for turning Cassandra into a zombie-human hybrid, but does not act on those feelings, knowing that Murphy could be humanity's only chance to survive. In the season 2 finale, he is injured and taken with Murphy to the CDC submarine to be given medical attention for his wound. He escapes the submarine with Murphy, Dr. Merch and the others bitten by Murphy, and is openly opposed to following him. He is told by Dr. Merch that he was bitten after she gave him his first dose of the original cure. He stops counting during season 3, but resumes during season 4. In season 4, he is out of Murphy's control, grows a beard and lives in a tent on the top of a big tree with Red. In Season 5, his right hand is bitten by zombies and Red cuts it off.
 Anastasia Baranova as Addy Carver  Addison Grace "Addy" Carver is a former member of the Blue Sky camp in New York and is Mack's girlfriend prior to his death. She is the survivor group's communication specialist and uses her talents with radio equipment to contact Citizen Z. Broken by unresolved trauma, she is slowly being worn down by the apocalypse. At one point, she chooses to leave the group and join the Sisters of Mercy camp, but after the camp is destroyed, she reunites with Mack, who refused to leave her behind, and returns to the Westward-bound survivor group. Her weapon of choice against zombies is a customized metal bat with spikes known as the "Z-Whacker"; in season 3, her bat is upgraded by Sun Mei and her team to emit an electric charge similar to a taser. Between seasons 3 and 4, she loses her right eye after fighting The Man in the season 3 finale. It was later revealed that she became a Blend when Lucy bit her in order to save her life after falling from a cliff in the Zona base, thus sharing a telepathic bond with Lucy. She disappears early in season 4 but returns in season 5 to assist the team.
 Michael Welch as Mack Thompson (seasons 1–2)    A former hockey player for the Tri-City Americans, Mack Thompson is a survivor of the zombie apocalypse, and Addy's boyfriend. He is a former member of the Blue Sky camp in New York, and a member of the Westward-bound survivor group. A good shot, Mack protects Addy and stays behind when she chose to join the Sisters of Mercy camp, and watches over her from afar. He is eventually reunited with Addy and returns to the survivor group. He is killed ("mercied") by Addy after being devoured by zombies.
 Pisay Pao as Cassandra (seasons 1–2, guest season 3)   Cassandra is a survivor of the initial zombie apocalypse. She is a former member of the Philadelphia cannibal survivor group, where she served as a "lure" to attract male survivors with the promise of sexual trade, in order for the group to trap and consume them. Cassandra joins the Westward-bound survivor group after being found in a locked cage at a rendezvous station near Philadelphia. A leg injury leads to an infection. Lacking antibiotics and near death, she is bitten by Murphy and becomes a zombie-human hybrid controlled by Murphy. She becomes the first person to become a Blend. She eventually attacks the group after Murphy orders her to prevent anyone from leaving the campsite and following him which caused 10k to kill ("mercy") her.
 Tom Everett Scott as Charles Garnett (season 1)  Sgt. Garnett was with the National Guard, based out of Georgia, prior to the ZN1 outbreak. He is a former member of the Blue Sky Camp in New York before taking on the task of transporting Murphy. He is the leader of the Westward-bound survivor group until his demise. Trying to protect Murphy, he is murdered and turned into a zombie by Priest Jacob and his Resurrection Cult. He is mercied by Warren, his second-in-command, and at that point, his girlfriend.
 Harold Perrineau as Mark Hammond (season 1)  Lt. Hammond is the last surviving member of the Delta Force team transferring Murphy to a laboratory in California. He is mercied by the Westward-bound survival group after being bitten. (Despite being credited as a main cast member, Perrineau only appeared in the first episode.)
 Matt Cedeño as Javier Vasquez (season 2, guest season 3)  Javier Vasquez is first encountered in the opening episode of season 2, "The Murphy". Vasquez was a DEA agent, but after he arrested some of Escorpion's men, Escorpion abducted his wife and daughter, later killing them in front of him. His wife and daughter turned into zombies during their funeral, and Vasquez seeks revenge on Escorpion. He tries to assassinate Escorpion during the group's Zeros induction ceremony, but is stopped by Warren and tortured by the Zeros before escaping. At the conclusion of season 2, he leaves the main survivor group. In the season 3 episode "Heart of Darkness", Vasquez reappears, having assumed the mantle of "Escorpion" after suffering a mental breakdown, and is later mercied by Warren.
 Emilio Rivera as Escorpion (seasons 2–3) Hector Alvarez aka Escorpion is the main antagonist of season 2, first encountered in the second episode, "White Light". He served as the right-hand of La Reina, the head of a Mexican drug cartel known as the Zeros. He has a small Z-shaped scar on his right hand and a tattoo of a face in his forearm. Pre-apocalypse, he was a soldier in the same drug cartel and was the one who tortured Vasquez and killed his wife and daughter. Escorpion's weapon of choice is a golden gun. At the end of season 2, he has reformed, aiding the group from La Reina and his men's attack. He then asked forgiveness from Vasques and allows him to take his life to avenge his family, but Vasquez spares his life, and later joins the main survivor group. In season 3, he is killed by Vasquez, who has assumed his former identity. He was injected with an experimental vaccine made by Sun Mei which at first had no effect. He later reawakens with his eyes having changed which was caused by the vaccine. It is unclear what other effects the vaccine had on him, as he does not appear again.
 Joseph Gatt as The Man (season 3)  The Man first appears in the first episode of season 3, "No Mercy". Following a list created by his Zona employer, it is his job to collect people by any means necessary and ship them to Zona. He is ruthless and will take out anyone in his way. He is known to have completely decimated at least two survivor communities to obtain the people on his list. He has a perfect success rate and has yet to lose a target. As of the second episode of season 3, "A New Mission", The Man's current list contains only one name: "Alvin Bernard Murphy". He was later killed by Addy when both fell from a cliff in the Zona base in order to prevent Lucy from being captured by the Zona forces.
 Sydney Viengluang as Sun Mei (season 3–5) Sun Mei is first encountered in the second episode of season 3, "A New Mission". She is a Laotian virologist from Beijing, China, where 200,000 survived the zombie apocalypse by sealing themselves behind the walls of the Forbidden City. She is sent with a team and equipment from China to collect DNA samples from the American survivor group and Murphy in the hope of synthesizing a cure. She is the sole survivor of her team's mission and for now, has joined the survivor group. She eventually discovers the cure to the ZN1 virus which would revert the talkers, as well as the newly-turned zombies.
 Ramona Young as Kaya (season 3–5)  Kaya is first encountered in the second episode of season 3, "A New Mission". Kaya is an Inuit girl living with her Uncle Koska and her Nana; they are the sole survivors of their village. She finds Citizen Z and Pup out in a blizzard, rescues them, and takes them to her home. She reveals to Citizen Z that she is a huge fan of his, telling him he needs to get healthy and start broadcasting again. They eventually form a relationship after they return to Camp Northern Light, and she becomes pregnant with their son, JZ. She becomes a part of the team in season 5.
 Natalie Jongjaroenlarp as Red (season 3–5)  A survivor from the Mercy Labs Survivor camp, guardian of 5K and love interest of 10K.
 Holden Goyette as "Nature Boy" / 5K (season 3, guest season 4)  A survivor from the Mercy Labs Survivor camp, and Red's adoptive brother. He was raised by a murder of crows before being found by Red. He was nicknamed 5k due to his resemblance and attachment to 10k and his skill with 10k's slingshot. He falls off a cliff when he pursues Addy, Lucy and The Man in the season 3 finale. Red hopes he is still alive somewhere, while 10K believes he is dead.
 Tara Holt as Lucy Murphy (season 4, guest seasons 2–3)  The daughter of Murphy and Serena. In season 2, she is a baby, but ages rapidly when she gets excited due to the virus she acquired from her father. In season 3, she ages from someone who looks 5 years old, to a preteen, to a teenager (and is thus portrayed by multiple actresses). In season 3, she looks like a young adult, and is portrayed by Tara Holt. She is kidnapped by The Man, who tries to bring her to Zona in her father's place, but this is impeded by Addy, with whom she forms a close bond, even referring to her as "Aunt Addy". She sacrifices her life to save her father from succumbing to the virus after being bitten.
 Grace Phipps as Sgt. Lilly Mueller (seasons 4–5)  Lt. Mueller's daughter, who assists him in running a refugee camp trying to get survivors to Newmerica. After her father's death, she joins the main survivor group. She begins a relationship with 10K at the end of season 4 after Red has gone missing. In Season 5, 10K meets up with Red again, and when both of them and Sarge are cornered by zombies, Sarge sacrifices herself to save 10K and Red, allowing herself to be bitten before setting off a grenade that blows her and the zombies up.
 Henry Rollins as Lt. Mueller (season 4)  Sgt. Lilly's father, who runs a refugee camp trying to get survivors to Newmerica. He is killed by zombies and mercied by his daughter.
 Katy O'Brian as Georgia "George" St. Clair (season 5)   A survivor-turned-political-leader of Newmerica and an old friend of Warren.
 Mario Van Peebles as Martin Cooper (season 5)  A farmer who was trained as a medic pre-apocalypse.
 Lydia Hearst as Pandora (season 5)   A zombie "talker" who is a resident of Newmerica, who may be plotting a coup against George.
 Jack Plotnick as Roman Estes (season 5)

Production
Z Nation is produced by Go2 Digital Media for The Asylum. On June 29, 2014, it was announced that the filming of 13 episodes for the first season of the series was underway. On October 12, 2014, Syfy announced that it had ordered a second season of Z Nation. Schaefer and Engler have described Z Nation as an attempt to "put the fun back into zombies", criticizing shows like The Walking Dead for being too serious. Z Nations first season had a budget of less than $700,000 per episode.

Release

Broadcast
Z Nation was distributed internationally by Dynamic Television. The series premiered on Syfy in Australia on April 1, 2015, and was watched by 26,000 viewers. The United Kingdom premiere aired on Freeview channel Pick on July 21, 2015.

Home media
Season 1 was released on DVD on February 10, 2015, by Syfy in association with Universal Home Entertainment. It was also issued on iTunes, with episodes running approximately 41–43 minutes each. The following seasons were all released to Amazon in DVD form, with Season 2 on March 1, 2016, Season 3 on March 14, 2017, Season 4 on January 22, 2018, and Season 5 on January 21, 2019.

All of the show's seasons are now on Netflix around the globe.

Reception

The first season of Z Nation received mixed reviews from professional television critics. Its aggregate score on Metacritic is 48 out of 100 based on reviews from 11 critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the show a rating of 45%, based on reviews from 20 critics, with the site's consensus stating "Although it's hampered by an overcrowded narrative, Z Nation manages to muster up some fun scares without taking itself too seriously."

Chris Carabott of IGN noted that the show "continues to set itself apart in campy and inventive ways." Brian Moylan of The Guardian called Z Nation scary "in the same vague way as that talking green blob is in the Mucinex commercials" and concluded that viewers would hate all the characters, but that "Citizen Z (DJ Qualls) is especially horrible." Merrill Barr of Forbes magazine said the show had a high entertainment value.

In its first season, Z Nation averaged 1.42 million viewers per episode, including a .48 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic.

Connection to other films and television

Sharknado films
The film Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No!, released in July 2015, featured a cameo appearance by Smith as Sgt. Warren. In a first-season episode of Z Nation, "Home Sweet Zombie" (2014), upon viewing a tornado carrying and tossing zombies, Warren remarks, "They ain't sharks!"

Additionally, the 2017 film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming featured a cameo appearance by Hodgkinson as Doc.

Companion prequel series

On July 19, 2018, it was reported that Netflix had given an eight-episode straight-to-series order for Black Summer, a prequel series set within the Z Nation universe. Actress Jaime King was set to star in the series, created by Schaefer and John Hyams. At the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con, Schaefer noted that "Black Summer is before the apocalypse got weird and was just scary." He also said that the drama series is not intended to be the funny version of The Walking Dead that Z Nation is, but instead would be a more traditional take on zombie lore. In November 2019, Netflix renewed the series for a second eight-episode season, set simultaneously with the first season of Z Nation.

References

External links

2014 American television series debuts
2018 American television series endings
American action television series
2010s American horror comedy television series
2010s American comedy-drama television series
English-language television shows
Post-apocalyptic television series
Serial drama television series
Syfy original programming
Television series about viral outbreaks
Television shows set in the United States
The Asylum films
Zombies in television
Television shows filmed in Washington (state)
Sharknado (film series)
Works about Mexican drug cartels


title: Occupy Ghana

text:
Occupy Ghana also known as Occupy Flagstaff House is a protest or pressure movement in Ghana which started online as #occupyflagstaffhouse or #occupyflagstaff, and generated into an offline protest.

On July 1, 2014 protesters demonstrated at the Efua Sutherland Children's Park in Ghana's capital Accra, and subsequently moved to The Flagstaff House, Ghana's presidential palace, to present their petition to the president John Dramani Mahama.

A non partisan group known as The Concerned Ghanaians for Responsible Governance is said to have organised the protest to ask government to solve corruption, infrastructure decay, worsening economy, the deteriorating economic conditions in the country, among other things.

The protest was described as peaceful but with initial issues with police permits and the detention of one protester.

References

2014 in Ghana
2014 protests
Internet-based activism
Nonviolent occupation
Occupy movement
Political history of Ghana


title: European Open Handball Championship

text:
The European Open Handball Championship, or "Unofficial Youth Handball Championship", is a tournament hosted by European Handball Federation and Swedish Handball Federation, which takes place in Göteborg, Sweden. It is a competition for men's U19 and women's U18.

Men's tournaments

Women's tournaments

References

External links
Partillecup.com

Handball competitions in Europe
European youth sports competitions


title: Udaipur City–Jaipur Intercity Express

text:
The 12991 / 12992 Udaipur City–Jaipur Intercity Express is an Intercity Express train belonging to Indian Railways – North Western Railway zone that runs between Udaipur City and  in India.

It operates as train number 12991 from Udaipur City to Jaipur and as train number 12992 in the reverse direction serving the state of Rajasthan.

Coaches

The 12991 / 92 Udaipur City–Jaipur Intercity Express has 1 First Class, 2 AC Chair Car, 2 Second Class seating, 11 General Unreserved and 2 SLR (Seating cum Luggage Rake) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car.

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

Service

The 12991 / 92 Udaipur City–Jaipur Intercity Express covers the distance of  in 7 hours 30 mins (58.00 km/h) in both directions.

As the average speed of the train is above , as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

Routing

The 12991 / 92 Udaipur City–Jaipur Express runs from Udaipur City via Mavli Junction, Chittaurgarh, Ajmer Junction to Jaipur.

It reverses direction of travel at Chittaurgarh.

Traction

As entire route is fully electrified, an Abu Road-based WAP-4 locomotive powers the train for its entire journey.

Operation

12991 Udaipur City–Jaipur Intercity Express leaves Udaipur City on a daily basis and reaches Jaipur the same day.

12992 Jaipur–Udaipur City Intercity Express leaves Jaipur on a daily basis and reaches Udaipur City the same day.

References

 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=udaipur+city+jaipur+express&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=ol6yU-PJL4Pl8AWB7YL4DA&ved=0CEgQsAQ&biw=1280&bih=699
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdT51JYrb2M

External links

Transport in Jaipur
Transport in Udaipur
Rail transport in Rajasthan
Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains
Express trains in India


title: Tugu Church

text:
Tugu Church (Indonesian: ), is a Protestant church in Kampung Kurus (Kampung Kecil), Semper Barat Administrative Village, Cilincing, Jakarta, Indonesia. The church was located in Kampung Tugu, a village of Mardijker people, a Creole Portuguese community. It is the second oldest church in Jakarta, after Sion Church

History
On July 21, 1647, a portion of a land was donated by Justinus van der Vinck, owner of the lands around Cilincing and Pasar Senen at that time.  Over this land, the first Tugu Church was constructed in 1678. In 1737, Pastor Van der Tydt restored the building, but in 1740, this church was burned by the Chinese during an uprising. A second church was constructed between 1744 and 1747, the church that exist today, by Pastor Mohr. The church was ordained on July 29, 1747, under the permission of Governor General Van Imhoff.

Architecture
Tugu church was built in a modest style. The style can be described as a fusion between 18th century Dutch architecture and Portuguese Church. Although the church building has undergone several renovations, original parts still remain, including the baptismal pool. It contains several antique deacon bench, metal plates and the old pulpit. The bell tower dates from 1880, but the old bell was broken (from 1747) and stored in the vicarage. The Tugu Church complex also accommodates a home for the elderly, a cemetery and a high school.

See also
List of church buildings in Indonesia

References

Churches in Jakarta
Buildings and structures associated with the Dutch East India Company
Churches completed in 1774
1774 establishments in Asia
1770s establishments in the Dutch Empire
1770s establishments in Southeast Asia
18th-century establishments in Indonesia
Buildings and structures by Dutch architects
Colonial architecture in Indonesia


title: West Gladstone

text:
West Gladstone may refer to:
West Gladstone, Queensland in Australia
West Gladstone, Michigan in the United States of America


title: Seon-ok

text:
Seon-ok, also spelled Sun-ok or Son-ok, is a Korean feminine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 41 hanja with the reading "seon" and five hanja with the reading "ok" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:
Jeon Seon-ok (born 1951), South Korean speed skater
Gong Sun-ok (born 1963), South Korean writer
Kim Sun-ok (bobsledder) (born 1980), South Korean bobsledder
Lee Seon-ok (born 1981), South Korean field hockey player
Hong Son-ok (, born 1985), North Korean politician, Vice-Chairperson of the Supreme People's Assembly

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean feminine given names
Feminine given names


title: Australia China Youth Association

text:
The Australia-China Youth Association (ACYA) is an international non-governmental organization that aims to strengthen ties between young people in Australia and China through bilateral initiatives in the areas of Careers, Education, and People-to-People Exchange. ACYA is a volunteer-run nonprofit organization that takes the form of a grassroots community comprising over 7000 members spread across 15 Chapters in Australia, including all Group of Eight universities, and 6 city-based Chapters in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Taipei. ACYA's major sponsors are the Australian National University and the Australia-China Council of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia). ACYA was one of only three youth organisations to be commended by name in the Australian Government's 2012 'Australia in the Asian Century' White Paper. ACYA was founded in 2008 in Wudaokou, Beijing, by three Australian National University undergraduate students—Henry Makeham, Huw Pohlner and Dominic Delany—then on exchange at Peking University, Renmin University and Tsinghua University, respectively.

Activities
ACYA Chapters run hundreds of social, academic, and professional events each year and create communities for Australian and Chinese young people to discover each other's cultures, languages, and perspectives, and forge lasting friendships that bridge the cultural divide.

ACYA administers significant educational scholarship programs that enable scores of Australian students annually to learn Chinese language at Renmin University of China and National Taiwan Normal University, and a 2-year MBA scholarship for an Australian student to study at the Renmin University School of Business.

ACYA also manages innovative cross-cultural internship programs with Austrade, Peking University Australian Studies Centre, Tsinghua University, Asialink, Australia China Business Council, Australian Chamber of Commerce in Beijing, China Policy, and Thirst NGO.

ACYA's signature event is the biannual Australia-China Emerging Leaders Summit (ACELS), which brings together ACYA leaders from across Australia and China for intensive workshops on leadership in the Australia-China space, and has been hailed by Xinhua as "fortifying the fortunes and feelings of the two key trading partners...while also ensuring the tidal ebbs and flows of politics and power plays in no way hinder the growing ties between Chinese and Australian youths." ACELS has grown to become the largest bilateral forum connecting youth from Australia and China and has received endorsement from high-level industry leaders and government officials.

Role in Australia-China Relations
ACYA is prominent within the youth and education arenas of Australia-China relations, being acknowledged by the Australia-China Council as one of the key youth initiatives "that helps to connect younger generations of Australians and Chinese". ACYA has been recognized by Australian media such as The Australian Financial Review, The Australian, and Triple J as a major proponent of bilateral youth engagement and 'Asia literacy' in Australia.

ACYA is also the progenitor of other prominent Australia-China youth initiatives such as the  Australia-China Youth Dialogue, Australia-China Young Professionals Initiative, and Engaging China Project.

Organizational structure
ACYA is administered by a national executive, consisting of the following positions:

 President
 Managing Director
 Treasurer
 Secretary
 Australia Manager
 China Manager
 Operations Manager
 Alumni Manager
 Partnerships Manager
 Careers Director
 Education Director
 People-to-People Director
 Media Director
 Publications Director
 IT Director
 Translations Director

A similar structure is replicated throughout local-level ACYA Chapters, with each Chapter led by a Chapter President who reports directly to the National Executive.

References

External links

 ACYA on Facebook
 ACYA on Twitter
 ACYA on Weibo

Student organisations in Australia
Australia–China relations


title: Harib Al-Habsi

text:
Harib Abdullah Harib Al-Habsi (; born 4 December 1986), commonly known as Harib Al-Habsi, is an Omani footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Mudhaibi SC in the Oman First Division League.

Club career statistics

Personal life
Harib is the younger brother of Oman national football team and Wigan Athletic FC goalkeeper, Ali Al-Habsi.

International career
He was selected for the national team for the first time in 2012. He made his first appearance for Oman on 28 September 2012 in a friendly match against Yemen when he came on as a substitute for Mazin Al-Kasbi at the beginning of the second half.

Honours

Club
With Saham
Omani Super Cup (1): 2010
With Fanja
Oman Elite League (0): 2012-13

References

External links

 Harib Al-Habsi at Goal.com

1986 births
Living people
People from Al-Mudhaibi
Omani men's footballers
Oman men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Muscat Club players
Saham Club players
Sur SC players
Fanja SC players
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Oman


title: Confluence Outdoor

text:
Confluence Outdoor (formerly known as Confluence Watersports) is an American manufacturer of kayaks, canoes, and related accessories. The company comprises seven separate brands which each specialize in paddling sport boats or accessories.

History
American Capital financially sponsored the merger of Wilderness Systems and Mad River Canoe in 1998 to form Confluence Holdings Corporation, known as Confluence Watersports, which it then purchased in 2002.

In 2005, Confluence purchased Watermark, acquiring the Dagger, Harmony Gear, Adventure Technology, and Perception brands. The company then acquired Bomber Gear in 2010.

Sue Rechner joined the company as CEO in 2007, coming from Victorinox Swiss Army.

On April 22, 2014, J.H. Whitney & Company purchased Confluence Holdings Corporation from American Capital. They renamed it Confluence Outdoor and announced plans "to grow the business into a full-service outdoor recreation company."

On December 16, 2019, it was announced that Confluence had been acquired by Pelican International, a Canadian manufacturer of kayaks and other outdoor products.

Brands
Confluence Outdoor manages eight separate brands which each specialize in paddling sport boats or accessories.

Adventure Technology
Manufacturer of kayak paddles.

Boardworks Surf
Distributor of imported stand up paddle boards, surf boards, and accessories.

Dagger Kayaks

Manufacturer of recreational, touring, and whitewater kayaks - including the Alchemy, Axiom, Axis, Katana, Jitsu, Mamba, Mambo, Nomad, Torrent, and Zydeco models. Founded in 1988 based on the success of whitewater and touring kayaks designed by Joe Pulliam.

Harmony Gear
Manufacturer of canoe and kayak accessories - including apparel, fishing accessories, life jackets, paddles, and sprayskirts.

Mad River Canoe
Manufacturer of recreational, sporting, touring, and whitewater canoes - including the Adventure, Caption, Destiny, Expedition, Explorer, Freedom, Heritage, Journey, Legend, Malecite, Outrage, Reflection, Synergy, Serenade, models. Mad River Canoe was founded in 1971 by Jim Henry and Kay Henry in Vermont. The company's Malecite model was created in the Henry's woodshed, becoming their first model and remaining the company's signature model today.

Perception Kayaks

Manufacturer of fishing, recreational, and touring kayaks - including the Carolina, Essence, Expression, Impulse, Prodigy, Tribe, Tribute, and Triumph models. Perception Kayaks was founded by Bill Masters in the early 1970s. The company develops rotational molding of plastic kayaks, reducing the expense and maintenance of kayaks.

Wilderness Systems

Manufacturer of fishing, recreational, and touring kayaks - including the Aspire, Commander, Focus, Pamlico, Pungo, Ride, Tarpon, Tempest, Tsunami, and Zephyr models. Andy Zimmerman and John Sheppard founded Wilderness Systems in 1986 in North Carolina.

Operations
The company operates in a single 300,000-square-foot facility in Greenville, South Carolina, which opened in 2011 and as of 2014 employs over 425 people.

References

Kayak manufacturers
Sporting goods manufacturers of the United States


title: Zhonghua Street Night Market

text:
The Zhonghua Street Night Market () is a night market in Fengshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

History
The night market opened in the 1950s. In 1965, the Kaohsiung County Government officially set up the area to be a night market.

Architecture
The night market is located at the intersection of Zhongshan Street and Guangyuan Road on a 3 km (1.9 mi) long street with more than 500 food stalls. Many delicacies such as fig jelly, salted crispy chicken, chicken rice, beef noodles and herb tea can be found in the night market. It also has cultural interests and temples.

Transportation
The night market is accessible by walking about 100m (350ft) north of exit 2 of the Fongshan Station of the Kaohsiung MRT.

See also
 Night markets in Taiwan
 List of night markets in Taiwan

References

Night markets in Kaohsiung


title: Imprecise Dirichlet process

text:
In probability theory and statistics, the Dirichlet process (DP) is one of the most popular Bayesian nonparametric models. It was
introduced by Thomas Ferguson as a prior over probability distributions.

A Dirichlet process  is completely defined by its parameters:  (the base distribution or base measure) is an arbitrary distribution and  (the concentration parameter) is a positive real number (it is often denoted as ).
According to the Bayesian paradigm these parameters should be chosen based on the available prior information on the domain.

The question is: how should we choose the prior parameters  of the DP, in particular the infinite dimensional one , in case of lack of prior information?

To address this issue, the only prior that has been proposed so far is the limiting DP obtained for , which has been introduced under
the name of Bayesian bootstrap by Rubin; in fact it can be proven that the Bayesian bootstrap is asymptotically equivalent to the frequentist bootstrap introduced by Bradley Efron.
The limiting Dirichlet process  has been criticized on diverse grounds. From an a-priori point of view, the main
criticism is that taking  is far from leading to a noninformative prior.
Moreover, a-posteriori, it assigns zero probability to any set that does not include the observations.

The imprecise Dirichlet process has been proposed to overcome these issues. The basic idea is to fix  but do not choose any precise base measure .

More precisely, the imprecise Dirichlet process (IDP) is defined as follows:

where  is the set of all probability measures. In other words, the IDP is the set of all Dirichlet processes (with a fixed ) obtained
by letting the base measure  to span the set of all probability measures.

Inferences with the Imprecise Dirichlet Process
Let  a probability distribution on  (here  is a standard Borel space with Borel -field ) and assume that .
Then consider  a real-valued bounded function  defined on .  It is well known that the expectation of  with respect to the Dirichlet process  is

One of the most remarkable properties of the DP priors is that the posterior distribution of  is again a DP.
Let  be an independent and identically distributed sample from  and , then the posterior distribution of  given the observations is

where  is an atomic probability measure (Dirac's delta) centered at . Hence,  it follows
that
Therefore, for any fixed , we can exploit the previous equations to derive prior and posterior expectations.

In the IDP  can span the set of all distributions . This implies that we will get a different prior and posterior expectation of  for any choice of  . A way to characterize inferences for the IDP is by computing lower and upper bounds for the expectation of  w.r.t. .
A-priori these bounds are:

the lower (upper) bound is obtained by a probability measure that puts all the mass on the infimum (supremum) of , i.e.,  with  (or respectively with ). From the above expressions of the lower and upper bounds, it can be observed that the range of   under the IDP is the same as the original range of .  In other words, by specifying the IDP, we are not giving any prior information on the value of the expectation of . A-priori, IDP is therefore a model of prior (near)-ignorance for .

A-posteriori, IDP can learn from data. The posterior lower and upper bounds for the expectation of  are in fact given by:

It can be observed that the posterior inferences do not depend on  .   To define the IDP, the modeler has only to choose  (the concentration parameter). This explains the meaning of the adjective near in prior near-ignorance,  because the IDP requires by the modeller the elicitation of a parameter. However, this is a simple elicitation problem for a nonparametric prior, since we only have  to choose the value of a positive scalar (there are not infinitely many parameters left in the IDP model).

Finally, observe that for , IDP satisfies

where . In other words, the IDP is consistent.

Choice of the prior strength
The IDP is completely specified by , which is the only parameter left in the prior model.
Since the value of  determines how quickly lower and upper posterior expectations converge at the
increase of the number of observations,  can be chosen so to match a certain convergence rate.
The parameter  can also be chosen to have some desirable frequentist properties (e.g.,  credible intervals to be
calibrated frequentist intervals, hypothesis tests to be calibrated for the Type I error, etc.), see Example: median test

Example: estimate of the cumulative distribution
Let  be i.i.d. real random variables with cumulative distribution function .

Since , where  is the indicator function, we can use
IDP to derive inferences about  The lower and upper posterior mean of  are

where  is the empirical distribution function.  Here, to obtain the lower we have exploited the fact that  and for the upper that .

Note that, for any precise choice of   (e.g., normal distribution ), the posterior expectation of  will be included between the lower and upper bound.

Example: median test
IDP can also be used for hypothesis testing, for instance to test the hypothesis  , i.e., the median of  is greater than zero.
By considering the partition  and the property of the Dirichlet process, it can be shown that
the posterior distribution of   is

where  is the number of observations that are less than zero,

  and

By exploiting this property, it follows that

where  is the regularized incomplete beta function.
We can thus perform the hypothesis test

(with  for instance) and then
 if both the inequalities are satisfied we can declare that   with probability larger than ;
 if only one of the inequality is satisfied (which has necessarily to be the one for the upper), we are in an indeterminate situation, i.e., we cannot decide;
 if both are not satisfied, we can declare that the probability that   is lower than the desired probability of .

IDP returns an indeterminate decision when the decision is prior dependent (that is when it would depend on the choice of ).

By exploiting the relationship between the cumulative distribution function of the Beta distribution, and  the cumulative distribution function of a random variable Z from a binomial distribution, where the "probability of success" is p and the sample size is n:

we can show that the median test derived with th IDP for any choice of  encompasses the one-sided frequentist
sign test as a test for the median. It can in fact be verified that for   the -value of the sign test is equal to . Thus, if  then the  -value is less than  and, thus, they two tests have the same power.

Applications of the Imprecise Dirichlet Process
Dirichlet processes are frequently used in Bayesian nonparametric statistics. The Imprecise Dirichlet Process
can be employed instead of the Dirichlet processes in any application in which prior information is lacking (it is therefore important to model this state of prior ignorance).

In this respect, the Imprecise Dirichlet Process has been used for nonparametric hypothesis testing, see the Imprecise Dirichlet Process statistical package.
Based on the Imprecise Dirichlet Process, Bayesian nonparametric near-ignorance versions of the following classical nonparametric estimators
have been derived: the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

A Bayesian nonparametric near-ignorance model presents several advantages with respect to a traditional approach to hypothesis testing.

 The Bayesian approach allows us to formulate the hypothesis test as a decision problem. This means that we can verify the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis and not only rejecting it and take decisions which minimize the expected loss.
Because of the nonparametric prior near-ignorance, IDP based tests allows us to start the hypothesis test with very weak prior assumptions, much in the direction of letting data speak for themselves.
Although the IDP test shares several similarities with a standard Bayesian approach, at the same time it embodies a significant change of paradigm when it comes to take decisions. In fact the IDP based tests have the advantage of producing an indeterminate outcome when the decision is prior-dependent. In other words, the IDP test suspends the judgment when the option which minimizes the expected loss changes depending on the Dirichlet Process base measure we focus on.
It has been empirically verified that when the IDP test is indeterminate, the frequentist tests are virtually behaving as random guessers. This surprising result has practical consequences in hypothesis testing. Assume that we are trying to compare the effects of two medical treatments (Y is better than X) and that, given the available data, the IDP test is indeterminate. In such a situation the frequentist test always issues a determinate response (for instance I can tell that Y is better than X), but it turns out that its response is completely random, like if we were tossing of a coin. On the other side, the IDP test acknowledges the impossibility of making a decision in these cases. Thus, by saying "I do not know", the IDP test provides a richer information to the analyst. The analyst could for instance use this information to collect more data.

Categorical variables
For categorical variables, i.e., when  has a finite number of elements, it is known that
the Dirichlet process reduces to a Dirichlet distribution.
In this case, the Imprecise Dirichlet Process reduces to the Imprecise Dirichlet model proposed by Walley as a model for prior (near)-ignorance for chances.

See also
Imprecise probability

Robust Bayesian analysis

References

External links
Open source implementation of hypothesis tests based on the IDP
The imprecise probability group at IDSIA

Nonparametric Bayesian statistics


title: Clinton, Queensland

text:
Clinton is a town and suburb of Gladstone in the Gladstone Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , the suburb of Clinton had a population of 6,170 people.

History
The town was named on 5 January 1970.  On 10 December 1988 the suburb of Clinton was created from the merger of the former suburbs Clinton North and Clinton South. The name Clinton is derived from the County of Clinton (the cadastral administrative division containing Gladstone).

Clinton State School opened on 29 January 1974.

On 1 April 2010, a Priority Development Area was declared in Clinton with the aim of reducing housing pressure created with the growing mining industry in the Gladstone area.  of government land bounded by the Dawson Highway, Harvey Road and Keppel Avenue were released for residential land development.

In the , Clinton had a population of 5,917 people.

In the , the suburb of Clinton had a population of 5,921 people.

The  revealed that the population of Clinton had risen to 6,170 people.

Education
Clinton State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at Harvey Road ().  In 2015, the school has 820 students with 51 teachers (44 equivalent full-time). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 950 students with 70 teachers (63 full-time equivalent) and 54 non-teaching staff (31 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program.

Facilities
Gladstone Airport is on Aerodrome Road ().

The Port Curtis Lawn Cemetery is on Aerodrome Road (). It provides lawn graves for burials and a columbarium wall and memorial garden for the interment of cremains.

References

Suburbs of Gladstone
Towns in Queensland


title: Delphinium elatum

text:
Delphinium elatum is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, known by the common name alpine delphinium or candle larkspur. It is native to temperate Asia and Europe, it is an erect herbaceous perennial growing to , with deeply divided leaves. It produces spikes of blue or purple flowers in summer.

Taxonomy
Delphinium elatum was one of the many species described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work Species Plantarum.

Cultivation
It is hardy down to , but requires a sheltered position in full sun, and deep, rich soil. All plants must be securely staked to avoid the flower heads collapsing. Gloves should be worn when handling the plant, as it can cause severe discomfort if accidentally ingested.

Delphinium elatum is a source of many ornamental cultivars in a range of colours from blue and purple to pink, cream, and white.

Cultivar series include Magic Fountains, Pacific giant, Dwarf Pacific, New Millennium, and Aurora (six varieties: Blue, Deep Purple, Lavender, Light Blue, Light Purple and White).

The following cultivars have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
'Lord Butler'
'Sungleam'
'Sweethearts' (New Millennium Series)

Chemical
Seven C19-norditerpenoid alkaloids can be isolated from Delphinium elatum: N-formyl-4,19-secopacinine, iminoisodelpheline, iminodelpheline, iminopaciline, 6-dehydroeladine, elpacidine, and melpheline.

References

Further reading

External links
Naturegate: Delphinium elatum

elatum
Garden plants
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


title: Daniel Go

text:
Daniel Go (born March 23, 1966) is a Filipino architect of Chinese descent. Go founded Daniel C. Go Architecture Design, and ADGO Architecture and Design Inc., and is its principal architect. His buildings include the CCF Center in Pasig, and BTTC Centre – the first LEED certified building in San Juan in the Philippines – aside from other residential and commercial establishment projects. He and his wife also manage a printing and packaging business among other business endeavors. In 2006 he became a Fellow at the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP), and became a registered APEC Architect in 2008 and a registered ASEAN Architect in 2015.

Personal life
Born on March 23, 1966, Daniel Chu Go is the eldest of five sons of Chinese parents, with a businessman father who eventually became a pastor. The Go family is based in Quezon City, Philippines, and runs a processed and preserved food manufacturing business specializing in Chinese delicacies – started by his grandfather in the 1940s and still popular today among the Chinese community.

His family's Chinese food business manufactures the famous Fat & Thin champoy candy, which had his father's cartoons and caricatures imprinted on the wrapper. And Go spent most of his time watching his father work, eventually acquiring the same love for the art.

As a young boy, Daniel Go showed considerable interest and skill in the visual arts during summer art classes and school competitions when he attended primary school at Grace Christian High School, from 1973 to 1979, and at Jubilee Christian Academy – both in Quezon City – from 1979 to 1984 for his secondary education.

He decided to pursue his talent for drawings and illustrations by taking up Bachelor of Science in Architecture at the College of Architecture and Fine Arts of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, where he graduated cum laude from the graduating class of 1989.

Daniel Go is married, and a father to four children – three sons and one daughter.

As a diversion from his work Go also has a passion for restoring cars, and considers running and golf as his two main sports. He spends a lot of his leisure time with his family and travels a lot to learn the arts from different cultures.

Career
After graduating in 1989, Go briefly worked as an apprentice to Architect Jose Siao Ling where he was designated to work as a draftsman. Not long after his apprenticeship with Architect Jose Siao Ling, he took up and passed his Architect Licensure Examination in 1991 where he then preceded to practice architecture professionally.

In 1996, Go established his own firm named Daniel C. Go & Associates now known as Daniel C. Go Architecture Design (DCGA). Then in 2006, he was conferred and elevated to the College of Fellows in the Field and Category of Design of the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) During the same year, he established ADGO Architecture and Design Inc. (ADGO), this time tackling bigger projects alongside a pool of younger architects. In 2008, Go was conferred as an APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Architect.

The Christ’s Commission Fellowship Worship and Training Center (known as CCF Center) – completed in 2013 – was Go’s first big project because during that time, Go had not designed anything of this magnitude, and designing and erecting this project took him seven years. The CCF Center is the international headquarters of the non-denominational megachurch called Christ's Commission Fellowship (CCF). The 11-storey ministry building with more than  of floor area and an estimated seating capacity of 10,000, located in a  lot in Pasig is one of the largest worship centers in the Philippines.

Aside from the CCF Center, another major project of Architect Go is the BTTC Centre in Greenhills, San Juan. Completed in 2013, the BTTC Centre is a LEED Gold certified building for Leadership in Energy and Environmental design from the US Green Building Council (USGBC). It is the first LEED Certified building in San Juan, and the first LEED Certified project of Architect Go.

Architect Daniel Go’s design philosophy is centered on his own brand of classicism, which he defines as both timeless and inspirational. He fuses classical and modern styles, creating sleek and modern living spaces more for practicality.

Under Architect Go’s leadership, Daniel C. Go Architecture Design (DCGA) and ADGO Architecture and Design Inc. (ADGO) have continuously grown projects in commercial, institutional, industrial, residential architecture. They boast a young and dynamic staff comprehensively trained to handle all types of projects, from modest townhomes to high-rise structures, and to industrial facilities. By adhering to international building standards and equipping its staff with original modeling software, the team is able to deliver projects that are world-class, sustainable, and efficiently designed. Steadily gaining the trust and confidence of clients through its 25-year existence, DCGA and ADGO remain determined to see through its commitment to excellent design and exceptional service.

Notable works
 BTTC Centre (Green Building project) – Ortigas Avenue corner Roosevelt St. San Juan (Completed 2012)
 Christ’s Commission Fellowship Worship and Training Center – Ortigas Avenue corner C-5 Road, Pasig (Completed 2013)
 High Pointe Medical Hub – Shaw Boulevard corner Yulo St., Brgy. Bagong Silang, Mandaluyong City (Completed 2017)
 Primer Distribution Center – West Service Road, Brgy. Cupang, Muntinlupa (Completed 2018)
 Motortrade Corporate Center – EDSA – Sierra Madre, Mandaluyong City (Completed 2019)
 Christian Bible Church of the Philippines (CBCP) Church Building - Eugenio Lopez Drive corner Samar Avenue, Quezon City (Completed 2020)
 Brilliance Center by NAPPCO - 11th Avenue corner 40th Street, Bonifacio Global City (Completed 2020)
 One Oculus Center – Chino Roces Avenue, Pio Del Pilar, Makati City (Completed 2020)
 Grupovino Warehouse Building – Dasmariñas Technopark, Cavite (Completed 2020)
 CMG Building – Jose Cruz Street, Brgy. Ugong, Pasig City (Completed 2022)
 First B Logistics Warehouse Complex – Silangan Industrial Park Road, Canlubang, Laguna (On-going Construction)

Recognition and distinctions
 Conferred and elevated to the College of Fellows in the Field and Category of Design of the United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) (2006)
 Registered APEC Architect (2008)
 Executive Director, Commission on Professional Practice of United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) National Board of Directors (2009-2010)
 Registered ASEAN Architect (2015)
 Outstanding Professional of the Year Award (OPYA) in the Field of Architecture (2020) by Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

References

External links
 Daniel Go's official website at ADGO Architecture and Design Inc.

Filipino architects
21st-century Filipino architects
University of Santo Tomas alumni
Filipino people of Chinese descent
People from Quezon City
1966 births
Living people


title: Domani mi sposo

text:
Domani mi sposo (also known as  Tomorrow I'm Getting Married) is a 1984 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Francesco Massaro.

Plot
Last twenty-four hours before the marriage for the troubled, tempted, overwhelmed by events Arturo.

Cast

 Jerry Calà: Arturo Righetti
 Isabella Ferrari: Susy
 Milly Carlucci: Simona
 Karina Huff: Rita
 Guido Nicheli: Gastone
 Claudio Bisio: Attilio aka Volver

References

External links

1984 films
Italian romantic comedy films
1980s Italian-language films
1984 romantic comedy films
Films directed by Francesco Massaro
1980s Italian films


title: K-pop Star 4

text:
The fourth season of the South Korean reality television competition show K-pop Star premiered on SBS on November 23, 2014, airing Sunday evenings at 4:50 pm KST as part of the Good Sunday lineup. Yang Hyun-suk, Park Jin-young, and You Hee-yeol returned as judges. The contest began receiving applications in June, with preliminary auditions taking place in Seoul and throughout South Korea, as well as the United States, Australia, Singapore, and Hong Kong until September 2014. The season ended on April 12, 2015, with Katie Kim crowned as winner and choosing to sign with YG Entertainment.

A special episode containing behind the scenes footage and interviews aired the following week. The show decided to change its rule and give the two runners-up, Jung Seung-hwan and Lee Jin-ah, the chance to choose the company they want to join as well. Both contestants chose Antenna Music and were accepted. On May 14, Lily M revealed that she has signed an exclusive contract with JYP Entertainment.

Process
Audition applications + Preliminary auditions (June - September 2014)
Preliminary auditions were held from around the world in United States, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and other countries.
Round 1: Talent Audition (Airdate: November 23 - December 7, 2014)
Contestants who passed the preliminary auditions appear in front of the three judges for the first time. Contestants can pass with at least two "passes" from the judges, or the judge can offer to use the Wild Card.
Round 2: Ranking Audition (Airdate: December 7–28, 2014)
Contestants who pass the first round are put into groups with others that are most similar to their age or singing style. The whole group can pass, fail, or a selected few can pass. Each contestant gets to have one-on-one training with Park Jin-young, Yang Hyun-suk, or You Hee-yeol.
Round 3: Team Mission (Airdate: January 4–18, 2015)
Contestants form teams to compete head to head.  The winning team moves on to the next round.  A member of the losing team must be eliminated.
Round 4: Casting Audition (Airdate: January 18 - February 1, 2015)
Contestants perform solo or in teams assigned by the judges.  Each judge has six casting cards.  Each spot can be occupied by a contestant or a team of contestants.  Contestants not selected in the casting round are eliminated.
Round 5: Battle Audition (Airdate: February 8–22, 2015)
Contestants represent the company they were cast to in a 1 to 1 to 1 battle. First place automatically gets to be in the Top 10, while 3rd place is eliminated. 2nd place takes another round by themselves. Anyone who does not get in the Top 10 teams/contestants is eliminated.
Round 6: Stage Audition (Airdate: March 1 - April 12, 2015)
 For the Top 8 Finals, the Top 10 competed in two groups on stage with the results determined by the judges. The top three contestants from each group were chosen to proceed to the next round.
 The Top 8, who proceeded to the live stage, were determined by the three judges as well as a 100-member Audience Judging Panel. The last two contestants from each group became Elimination Candidates, with the Audience Judging Panel voting for their preferred act. The two acts with the most votes from the four Elimination Candidates proceeded to the Top 8, with the other two contestants eliminated.
For the Top 6, Top 4, Top 3 Finals, Semifinals and Finals, the judges and viewers' scores were weighted 60:40, and were combined to eliminate the contestant with the lowest score.

Judges
Yang Hyun-suk: YG Entertainment CEO, producer, singer
Park Jin-young: JYP Entertainment Executive producer, producer, singer, songwriter
You Hee-yeol: Antenna Music CEO, founder, singer, songwriter, composer, pianist

Top 10
Katie Kim: Born 1993, from New Jersey, United States, Winner, signed and left YG Entertainment, under company AXIS
Jung Seung-hwan: Born 1996, from Incheon, Runner-up, debuted under Antenna Music
Lee Jin-ah: Born 1991, from Seoul, eliminated on April 5, 2015 (5th Live), debuted under Antenna Music
Lily M.: Born 2002, from Australia, eliminated on March 29, 2015 (4th Live), signed under JYP Entertainment, and debuted as a member of girl group Nmixx in 2022
Park Yoon-ha: Born 1999, eliminated on March 22, 2015 (3rd Live), signed under Jellyfish Entertainment
Esther Kim: Born 1999, from Los Angeles, California, United States, eliminated on March 22, 2015 (3rd Live)
Grace Shin: Born 1988, from New York, United States, eliminated on March 15, 2015 (2nd Live)
Sparkling Girls, eliminated on March 15, 2015 (2nd Live)
Erin Miranda: Born 1999, from Australia
Hwang Yoon-joo: Born 1995, from Incheon
Choi Jin-sil: Born 1994, from Busan
Choi Joo-won: Born 1998, from Seoul
Ji John, eliminated on March 8, 2015 (1st Live)
Jang Mi-ji: Born 1995, from Seoul
John Chu: Born 1995, from Los Angeles, United States
Seo Ye-ahn: Born 1997, from Yeongju, eliminated on March 8, 2015 (1st Live), debuted under JTM Entertainment

Round 6: Stage Auditions
 For the Top 8 Finals, the Top 10 competed in two groups on stage with the results determined by the judges. The top three contestants from each group were chosen to proceed to the next round.
 The Top 8, who proceeded to the live stage, were determined by the three judges as well as a 100-member Audience Judging Panel. The last two contestants from each group became Elimination Candidates, with the Audience Judging Panel voting for their preferred act. The two acts with the most votes from the four Elimination Candidates proceeded to the Top 8, with the other two contestants eliminated.

 The Top 8 competes 1:1 on the live stage with the results determined by the judges. One contestant from each group is chosen to proceed to the next round.
 The contestants not chosen will go through live SMS voting by viewers, where the top contestants will proceed to the next round.
 Of the remaining contestants, the judges choose one contestant to proceed to the Top 6.

For the next three episodes (18-20), each week showcased a different company. As this season featured the winner choosing the company they wished to sign with on the final live stage, this gave the contestants the opportunity to experience and explore each company equally. The first week (Top 4 Finals) was YG Week, in which contestants received advice and help from YG. The second week (Top 3 Finals) was JYP Week. The third week (Semifinals) was Antenna Week.
For the Top 4, 3 Finals, Semifinals and Finals, the judges and viewers' scores were weighted 60:40, and were combined to eliminate the contestant with the lowest score.

Ratings
In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will in be red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue. (Note: Individual corner ratings do not include commercial time, which regular ratings include.)

References

External links
  K-pop Star 4 Official Homepage

2014 South Korean television series debuts


title: Amsale Gualu

text:
Captain Amsale Gualu (born November 30, 1977) is an Ethiopian pilot. In 2010 she became the first female captain in the history of Ethiopia. She is also the first female captain on the Boeing 767, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 in Ethiopia. Additionally Captain Amsale Gualu became the second African female pilot to command a Boeing 787.

Biography
Amsale was born in 1977 in Bahir Dar, capital city of the Amhara Region. After moving to the capital city Addis Ababa she attended her primary school at Assai School and secondary school at Bole Highschool. She earned a BA from Addis Ababa University in Architecture.

On 2010 Amsale become the first Ethiopian female captain by flying an Ethiopian Airlines BombardierDHC-8-402Q400 from Addis Ababa to Gondar. Amsale graduated in 2002 from Ethiopian Airlines as the number six female pilot and worked for eight years before earning her captain title in 2010. In December 2017, Amsale captained the first Ethiopian Airlines international flight crewed entirely by women.

References

Living people
1977 births
People from Amhara Region
Ethiopian aviators
Addis Ababa University alumni


title: Methylocapsa

text:
Methylocapsa is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae. M. gorgona has been shown to metabolize significant amounts of atmospheric methane.

References

Beijerinckiaceae
Bacteria genera


The Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited, abbreviated as HUDCO, is an Indian public sector undertaking engaged in housing finance and infrastructure project finance.

History
The institution came into existence on 25 April 1970 as a private limited company under the complete ownership of the Government of India with an equity base of Rs.2 crore under the Companies Act, 1956.

It was created against the backdrop of housing deficit in India in 1960s and 70s, with the objective of addressing issue of housing finance and playing role in urban infrastructure development.

The organisation provides finance for setting up of new towns and also works as consultancy services for the projects of designing and planning relating to Housing and Urban Development programs in India as well as abroad.

HUDCO won UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award for the contributions to the development of housing in 1991. The institution was conferred with miniratna status in 2004.

Infrastructure
HUDCO started financing for development of infrastructures in 1989. The priority was giving for infrastructure facilities including projects in the sectors of drainage, electricity, water supply, sewerage, solid waste management and roads in the urban areas. Later the social infrastructure components like primary schools and play grounds, hostels for working women, healthcare centres, police stations and jails, courts, etc. received benefit of funding for low cost.

Road and Transport
HUDCO has provided term loans for construction of roads and other transportation sectors which includes construction of Airport, Railways, Ports, Metro Rails, Bridges and Flyover, Railway Over-bridges, Subways, Bypasses, Bus Terminal, Parking complexes, Purchase of public transport vehicles, Bus Stops/stations, Intelligent Traffic Management system etc.

Airport projects of Cochin International Airport and Calicut International Airport in Kerala are supported by HUDCO. The infrastructure for Kerala State Road Transport Corporation and UPSRTC are also funded by them. HUDCO sanctioned  crore for KSRTC in 2002 for purchasing 550 buses and 350 mini-buses and  crores in 2014 for purchasing 1500 buses.

Solid Waste Management
In 1994, HUDCO set up a Waste Management Cell for promotion of municipal waste management.

Sewerage and Drainage
HUDCO has sanctioned 58 schemes with a project cost of  crore to provide new systems and to augment the existing systems.

Water Supply
295 water supply schemes, with a project cost of  crore was funded by HUDCO. In 2016, HUDCO has also given finance to Nellore's underground drainage project proposed by Nellore Municipal Corporation.

References

External links
 Hudco Official Website

1970 establishments in Delhi
Financial services companies established in 1970
Government-owned companies of India
Companies based in New Delhi
Urban planning in India
Housing finance companies of India
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange


title: Ihor Semenyna

text:
Ihor Bohdanovych Semenyna (; born 1 January 1989) is a Ukrainian professional football midfielder who plays for Holešov.

Career
Semenyna is a product of the Youth Sportive School Ternopil and spent time playing for different Ukrainian teams. His first trainers were Bohdan Buchynskyi and Andriy Yablonskyi. In 2013, he signed a contract with FC Olimpik Donetsk.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Ternopil
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Nyva Ternopil players
FC Feniks-Illichovets Kalinine players
FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka players
FC Lviv players
FC Enerhetyk Burshtyn players
MFC Mykolaiv players
FC Olimpik Donetsk players
FC Cherkashchyna players
FC Helios Kharkiv players
FC Krystal Kherson players
FC Karpaty Lviv players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ukrainian First League players
Ukrainian Second League players
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic


title: Tuqtu (Canas-Chumbivilcas)

text:
Tuqtu (Quechua for "broody hen", also spelled Tucto) is a mountain  in the Andes of Peru. Its summit reaches about  above sea level. The mountain is located in the Cusco Region, Canas Province, Quehue District, and in the Chumbivilcas Province, Livitaca District. Annually the Tupay Tuqtu festival which has been declared a National Cultura Heritage takes places at the mountain.

Southwest of  Tuqtu, also on the border of the provinces of Canas and Chumbivilcas, there is a  peak named Tuqtu (Tocto). It lies at .

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Sara Mustonen

text:
Sara Mustonen may refer to:

 Sara Mustonen (cyclist) (born 1981), Swedish racing cyclist
 Sara Mustonen (skier) (1962–1979), Finnish alpine skier


title: Double Di Trouble

text:
Double Di Trouble is a 2014 Indian Punjabi-language film directed by Smeep Kang, and starring Dharmendra, Gippy Grewal and Minissha Lamba, Kulraj Randhawa as leads, along with Gurpreet Ghuggi, Poonam Dhillon. The music of the film is by Jatinder Shah. The film is loosely based on the 1982 comedy film Angoor which was based on Shakespeare's play The Comedy of Errors and involves a father-son pair who discover their mirror images in a different city.

Plot
The film is based on The Comedy of Errors, where Shakespeare's well known play would take a desi avatar when a father-son pair discovers their mirror images in a different city.

Box office
The film had massive opening collecting 25 million only in India.

Cast
Dharmendra (Double Role) as Ajit and Manjit
Gippy Grewal (Double Role) as Fateh and Ekam
Minissha Lamba as Harleen
Kulraj Randhawa as Ekam's wife
Gurpreet Ghuggi as Gunni Mama
Poonam Dhillon as Pammi
B.N. Sharma as jeweller
Karamjit Anmol as Jain saab
Neha Dhupia as Special appearance in song Lak Tunu Tunu
Jazzy B as Special appearance
Avtar Gill as Inspector Saab

Soundtrack

See also

 Bhranti Bilas, 1869 play by Indian writer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, based on Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors
 Bhranti Bilas, 1963 Indian Bengali-language comedy film by Manu Sen, based on Vidyasagar's play
 Do Dooni Chaar (1968 film), 1968 Indian Hindi-language comedy film by Debu Sen, remake of the 1963 film; itself remade into the 1982 film Angoor
 Angoor (1982 film), 1982 Indian Hindi-language comedy film by Gulzar, remake of the 1968 film Do Dooni Chaar
 Cirkus (film), 2022 Indian Hindi-language comedy film by Rohit Shetty, remake of the 1982 film Angoor

References

External links

2014 films
2014 comedy films
Punjabi-language Indian films
2010s Punjabi-language films
Films scored by Jatinder Shah
Films based on The Comedy of Errors
Indian comedy films
Indian films based on plays
Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare
Twins in Indian films
Films about twin brothers
Films based on Indian novels
Films based on adaptations


title: Levels (album)

text:
Levels (sometimes stylised LVLS) is the second studio album by South African rapper AKA, released by Vth Season. It is the follow-up to his debut release, Altar Ego. The album was made available a week before its originally announced 8 July release date on 30 June 2014. The album was certified gold on 17 June 2015, selling over 20 000 copies almost 11 months after its release. It has since been certified Diamond in sales excess 300000 units, 10 Platinum (X1 Diamond).

The album's release was preceded by the singles "Jealousy", "Kontrol", "Congratulate" and "Run Jozi (Godly)", which features K.O of Teargas. Originally slated for physical release on 8 July 2014, the hard copies of the album were later released on 28 July 2014 due to manufacturing issues. Production was handled by AKA, Ameen, Tazzy from the funk band Muzart, Steve "Sticky" Raphadu, Master A Flat who was also the album's musical director and Vth Season's in-house producer, Tweezy.

Guest features on the album include Burna Boy, Da L.E.S, Sarkodie and Mi Casa's lead vocalist, J'Something. Levels peaked at number 1 on the iTunes South African chart a day after its release.

Critical reception
The album received generally positive reviews.  While some critics complained about the excessive sampling on the album, most praised the album for its production but felt like AKA did not deliver lyrically.

Ayomide Tayo of Nigerian Entertainment Today praised songs such as "Sunshine" and "Congratulate" for their soulful vibes. He also commended AKA for his lyrical content and the direction he took with the production on the album. He ended his review with the closing statement, "AKA has shown that there are levels to this rap thing, and that he is at the highest level. What else would you expect from a king?"

Commercial performance
In July 2015, 11 months after the initial release of the album, Levels was certified Gold by the Recording Industry of South Africa, for sales in access of 20,000 copies. In May 2016, the album reached platinum status after selling 40,000 copies. As of December 2020 the album has been certified Diamond in sales excess 300000 units, 10 Platinum (X1 Diamond).

Accolades
Levels has received numerous nominations and has won a respectable number of awards. At the 2014 SA Hip Hop Awards, the album won 4 awards including Best Male, Video of the Year for "Congratulate", and Best Collaboration for "Run Jozi (Godly)". The song "Congratulate" had AKA nominated for 3 awards at the Channel O Africa Music Video Awards including Most Gifted Hip Hop and Most Gifted Video of the Year; he ended winning the former. At the 14th annual Metro FM Music Awards, he received 6 nominations and walked away with Best Collaboration for the song "All Eyes on Me". At the 2015 SAMAs, "Run Jozi (Godly)" was nominated for Best Collaboration, ultimately losing to K.O.'s "Caracara". "Congratulate" was nominated for Kia Record of the Year. The album was also nominated for Best Rap Album; AKA won Best Male Artist.

Track listing

Notes
 signifies a co-producer
 signifies an additional producer

Other credits
"Levels" is performed by Tumi
"Run Jozi (Godly)" contains uncredited vocals from Yanga Ntshakaza
"Congratulate" contains background vocals from JR

Sample credits
"Sim Dope" contains a sample of "Loud" as performed by Mac Miller and written by Jeremy Kulousek and Malcolm McCormick. The song also includes a sample of "Mama Afrika" as performed by MXO.
"Sunshine" includes a sample of "Sunshowers" written by Steve Mackey, August Darnell, Stony Jr. Browder, as performed by M.I.A. It also samples "Sunshower" as performed by  Dr. Buzzard's Original Savannah Band.
"Congratulate" contains a sample of "Ride" as performed by Harrison Crump.
"All Eyes On Me" contains a sample of "Ngiyakusaba" as performed and written by Brenda Fassie.
"Daddy Issues" includes elements of "Super Rich Kids" written by Frank Ocean, Malay, Earl Sweatshirt, Kirk Robinson, Nathaniel Robinson Jr., Ray Hammond, Mark Morales and Mark Rooney, as performed by Frank Ocean and Earl Sweatshirt.
"Let Me Show You" contains vocals from "You Are My High", written by Charlie Wilson, Ronnie Wilson and Johnsye Smith, as performed by The Gap Band.
"Kontrol" contains a sample of "Mawe", performed by DJ Mbuso and Jerah.
"Pressure" contains a sample of "Drop the Pressure", written by Myles MacInnes, as performed by Mylo.
"Jealousy" contains a sample of "Jealousy" as performed by Martin Solveig.

Release history

References

2014 albums
AKA (rapper) albums
Sony Music albums
Albums produced by Kiernan Forbes
Albums produced by Tweezy


title: Aharon of Karlin

text:
Aharon of Karlin  may refer to:

Aharon of Karlin (I) (1738–1771), founder of the Karlin-Stolin Hasidic dynasty
Aharon of Karlin (II) (1802–1872), his grandson

See also
Karlin-Stolin (Hasidic dynasty)


title: Pakistan national under-23 football team

text:
The Pakistan U-23 national football team is a youth football team operated under the Pakistan Football Federation. The team represents Pakistan in international youth football competitions in the Summer Olympics, AFC U-22 Asian Cup, Asian Games and the South Asian Games winning the 2004 and 2006 editions, as well as any other under-23 and under-22 international football tournaments, such as the AFC U-23 Asian Cup.

History

South Asian games

2004 South Asian Games
The under-23 side won the gold medal at the 2004 South Asian Games held across 3 venues in Pakistan from March 28 to April 6, 2004. The tournament was the first to introduce an under-23 tournament system for the football events.

Muhammad Essa ended the tournament as top scorer and was player of the tournament, and helped Pakistan win the gold medal. His goal in the semi final against Sri Lanka which ultimately ended in a 1-1 draw until the penalty shootout took Pakistan all the way to the final against India, where Abdul Aziz's goal gave Pakistan a 1–0 victory.

2006 South Asian Games
In the 2006 South Asian Games held across in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 14 to 26 August 2006, Pakistan again won the gold medal.

After advancing from the group stages, Essa's strike against Nepal led Pakistan to the final against Sri Lanka, which ended in a victory for the Green Shirts thanks to a goal by Adeel Ahmed in the half time.

Summer Olympic Games
Pakistan first participated in the 1992 Summer Olympics qualifiers, finishing last placed with Yemen, Qatar, UAE, and Iran within the group.

In 2007, Pakistan thrashed Singapore in both the home and away legs by 2-1 and 3-2, consecutively under the newly appointed head coach Muhammad Rashid, and won the preliminary round of 2008 Summer Olympics first time in the history of Olympics.

Asian Games
The under-23 side participated in their first ever tournament during the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea. They were put into a group with Kuwait, North Korea and Hong Kong.

The team subsequently felt short participating in the 2006, 2010, and 2014 editions.

FIFA restored membership of PFF on 13 March 2018. With Asian Games approaching in August, the team had very little time to prepare. PFF announced the signing of new Brazilian coach José Antonio Nogueira and started camps in Lahore. Then, the under 23 team along with 3 senior players flew to Indonesia in mid August to take part in Asian Games. On 14 August 2018, the team played its first group game against Vietnam, the then runner ups of 2018 AFC U-23 Championship, which resulted in a 3–0 loss. On 16 August 2018, the team faced a loss against Japan by a scoreline of 4–0. Pakistan defeated Nepal by 2–1 in their final group game which was the former's first win in Asian Games after 44 years. Pakistan expected to qualify for knockouts being 3rd in the group. However, the team fell short in terms of Goal Difference.

Result and fixtures

For all previous match results of the national under-23 team, see the team's results page. The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

2023

Current staff

Players

Current squad
 The following players were called up for the 2024 AFC U-23 Asian Cup qualification.

Past squads

Asian Games

 2002 Asian Games
 2006 Asian Games
 2010 Asian Games
 2014 Asian Games
 2018 Asian Games

South Asian Games

 2004 South Asian Games

Competitive record

AFC U-23 Championship
AFC U-23 Championship was initially set to be held as AFC U-22 Championships in 2013 and its qualification matches in 2012, but the finals tournament was postponed to be played in January 2014.

Olympic record

Asian Games

South Asian Games

Honours
South Asian Games
Champions (2): 2004, 2006

See also
 Pakistan Football Federation
 Pakistan national football team
 Pakistan national under-20 football team
 Pakistan national under-17 football team
 Pakistan women's national football team

References

Pakistan national youth football teams
under-23
Asian national under-23 association football teams


title: Parishes of Venezuela

text:
Venezuela is a federal state that is divided into states, and these into autonomous municipalities and these in turn into parishes. In total, the country has 1,136 parishes that make up the 335 municipalities (integrated of the 23 states and the Capital District).

There are a total of 1,136 parishes in Venezuela, the state with the most parishes is Zulia with 110 and the one with the fewest parishes is La Guaira State with 11. The municipality with the most parishes in the Capital District is the Libertador Municipality with 22 parishes; the municipality with the most parishes among the states is the Maracaibo Municipality of the state of Zulia with 18. The Gran Sabana parish, located in the Gran Sabana municipality in the state of Bolívar with 29,305 km² is considered the largest in the country, in contrast, the Santa Teresa parish belonging to the Libertador municipality of the Capital District is the smallest with 0.8 km² equivalent to 80 hectares.

In Venezuela parishes are the lowest-ranking political-territorial unit, where the municipalities are divided, the administrative division is directed by a prefect (appointed by the municipal mayor), in addition the parish is constitutionally composed of a parish board. Since the elections of 1992 the citizens directly elected the representatives of the parish boards, in 2005 for the first time elections were held to elect the parish boards separately from those of governor and mayor, since that date no more parish elections have been held with the intention of replacing them with the communal parish boards.

Usage as electoral districts

The councilors who make up the municipal legislative power are elected by parish as a representation of each parish of the municipality, the councilors elected by list represent the entire municipality, the electoral circuits vary, usually one councilor is elected per 20,000 inhabitants.

Urban and rural parishes

Parishes can be classified as urban parishes if they have at least 50,000 inhabitants, in which case they can choose 5 members of the parish board (a president, a secretary and 3 members), the territory of urban parishes is dedicated to housing development and industry and trade activities.

Rural parishes have less than 50,000 inhabitants, these elect 3 members of the parish board (a president, a secretary and a member) and their territory will be dedicated to agricultural production, or as a nature reserve. The same municipality can have both types of parish or only one of the two.

Parishes have the express power to manage the following matters and processes:

 Serve as a center for information, production and promotion of participatory processes for the identification of budgetary priorities.
 Promote the principles of co-responsibility, protagonism and citizen participation in municipal public management.
 Promote services and the principle of co-responsibility in the face of citizen security, civil protection and the integral defense of Venezuela.
 Promote services and policies aimed at children, adolescents, the elderly and people with disabilities.
 Promote, organize, coordinate, supervise and carry out the electoral processes for the election of justices of the peace.
 Promote community processes of social comms.
 Protect the environment and strengthen the areas of the natural parks, in coordination with the entity responsible for the park and in accordance with the guidelines indicated by the authorities of the municipality.
 Ensure compliance with urban cleaning and home cleaning.
 Supervise drinking water, electricity and domestic gas services.
 Contribute to the care and maintenance of squares, parks and gardens in the parish.
 Inspect the provision of the public passenger transport service.
 The president of the parish board may celebrate marriages and keep the record of them, within the corresponding territorial scope, in accordance with the parameters established in the Civil Code.
 Promote and promote sports massification.
 Sponsor and promote cultural activities that integrate the community.
 Contribute with local tax administrations in the management of taxes, in order to ensure compliance with tax obligations and other formal duties.
 Support the technical room of the local council of public planning in the preparation of the municipal social census, together with the participation of neighborhood organizations and organized society.
 Cooperate in the supervision of the performance of public shows, in accordance with the provisions of the respective ordinance.
 Cooperate with the corresponding local authorities in the management of cemetery services and municipal markets and collect the tax duties and fees provided for in the respective ordinance, when it comes to non-urban parishes.
 Process requests from individuals regarding plots of municipal land and social services.
 Other powers delegated by the mayor, in accordance with the municipal legal instruments.

History

The colonial provinces did not have subdivisions as such but a hierarchy of city, town, village and hamlet, according to the importance of the population, classifying each one according to its main square, town hall, cathedral and a fortification, a population devoid of all that was a hamlet. The cities with their cabildos had mayors and represented the interests of the surrounding neighborhood, it was the cabildos that signed the independence of Venezuela in 1811.

 The constitution of 1819 resulting from the congress of Angostura, fixed the territorial division of Venezuela into provinces, departments and parishes.
 The constitution of 1821 changed the territorial order to departments, provinces, cantons, and parishes.
 The constitution of 1830 left the division into provinces, cantons and parishes. The parishes of 1830 did contain the functions of the current ones while the cantons occupied the place of the municipalities.
 The constitution of 1864 used the names of states, districts and municipalities.
 The 1909 constitution divided the country into states, districts and municipalities.
 The 1947 constitution and the following ones established the division into states, districts and municipalities, however the municipalities of the 1961 constitution exercised the functions of the current parishes.
 In 1988 the reform of the territorial organization of Venezuela was completed so that all local authorities were directly elected, these elections were held in 1989 appointing the first governors, mayors and councilors elected by popular vote. In 1989, most of the current parishes were created, although it was in 1992 when they first had authorities elected by popular vote.
 Since 1989 the number of parishes has increased, by division of the original ones, while others have been elevated to municipality (and subdivided into new parishes) or several parishes have been grouped to form new municipalities.

Symbols

Normally the parishes do not have symbols since their function is administrative, however some parishes by tradition or by initiative have their own symbols such as those of the Lobatera Municipality of the Táchira state, which have ancestral flags and shields and the flag of the municipality is a combination of the parish flags. The San José parish of the Libertador Municipality of Caracas also has an ancestral parish shield. Other parishes with a flag are the Seque Parish, Borojó Parish and Capatárida Parish of the Buchivacoa Municipality of the Falcón State and the José Gregorio Bastidas Parish of the Palavecino Municipality of the Lara State. In Táchira, the Parish of Bramón in the Junín Municipality, has a flag, shield and even an anthem, which are different from those of Junín and more typical of the Brameños, this parish being the most recent to create its own symbols.

References

 Hernández Caballero, Serafín (Editor). (1998): Gran Enciclopedia de Venezuela. Editorial Globe, C.A. Caracas. 10 volúmenes. ISBN 980-6427-00-9 ISBN 980-6427-10-6


title: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

text:
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun is an autonomous Natural Resources research institute for the study of Geology of the Himalaya under the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It was established in June, 1968 in the Botany Department, Delhi University, the Institute was shifted to Dehradun, Uttarakhand during April, 1976.

The institute also has three field search stations, at Naddi-Dharamshala, Dokriani Bamak Glacier Station and at Itanagar in Arunachal Pradesh.

History
The institute has its origins in department of Geology at University of Delhi, after being shifted to Dehradun it was initially named as the Institute of Himalayan Geology, renamed in 1976 as the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology in memory of its founder, late Prof. Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia (F.R.S. and National Professor), in honor to his contributions to the geology of the Himalayas. During the last quarter century the Institute has grown as a centre of excellence in the field Himalayan Geology and is recognised as a National Laboratory of international repute with advanced laboratories and other infrastructural facilities for undertaking higher level of research in the country.

S.P. Nautiyal Museum
The museum offers a glimpse of the mighty Himalaya; its origin, evolution in time and space, natural resources, life in the geological past, earthquakes and environmental aspects. Basic objective in organising the museum is to educate students and general public as well as to highlight the Institute activities.
Museum, the educative wing of the Institute had a large number of student visitors from different universities, local schools and general public and as usual remained the main centre of attraction for the national and international visitors. Students in large groups from different schools, universities, colleges and from other institutions visited the Museum and guided tours were provided to them. A relief model of the Himalaya and paintings depicting the impact of human activities on the environment displayed in the Museum remained a point of attraction for the visitors. Also, over the years visitors from USA, Austria, U.K, Ukraine, Thailand, Australia, England, Japan, Nepal, France, Russia, Moscow, Israel and Canada visited the Museum.

Center for Glaciology
The Centre for Himalayan Glaciology was inaugurated by the Hon'ble Minister for Science and Technology and Earth Sciences, Shri Prithviraj Chavan on 4 July 2009 in the benign presence of the Secretary, DST, Dr. T. Ramasami and Joint Secretary, Shri Sanjiv Nair.
The primary mission of the Centre is to "Mount a coordinated research initiative on Himalayan glaciology to understand the factors controlling the effects of climate on glaciers in order to develop strategies for climate change adaptability for sustained growth of society". In addition, the Centre shall take up programmes of capacity building in this very specialized field, which will eventually nurture the independent Indian Institute of Glaciology.But, in August 2020 Government merged all the activities with Institute.

Student Programmes/Fellowships
Fellowships
Institute Fellowships:
The Institute provides two categories of Institute Fellowships every year:
a) Junior Research Fellowship
b) Institute Research Associate
 Project Fellowship
Project assistantships are advertised as and when vacancies in Institute projects or externally funded projects arise.

Consultancy & Advisory Services
The Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology provides consultancy and advisory services on small scale to various organisations for purpose of road alignment, site selection for bridges and their foundation, slope stability and control of landslides, site selection for deep tubewells, geotechnical feasibility of major and minor hydel projects and related structures, passenger and haulage ropeways, seismotectonics of hydel projects and environmental feasibility of developmental projects etc.

See also
 Department of Science and Technology (India)
 Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
 Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun

References

External links

Research institutes in Dehradun
Ministry of Science and Technology (India)
Geology of the Himalaya
Geology organizations
Earth science research institutes
1968 establishments in Delhi
Research institutes established in 1968
Glaciology
Himalayan studies


title: 1946 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1946 in Portugal.

Incumbents
President: Óscar Carmona
Prime Minister: António de Oliveira Salazar

Arts and entertainment

Films
Camões

Sport
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1945–46 Primeira Divisão and 1946–47 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal season, see 1945–46 Taça de Portugal.
 30 June - 1946 Taça de Portugal Final
 Establishment of Clube Oriental de Lisboa
 Establishment of G.C. Alcobaça
 Establishment of SC Mêda
Establishment of the Portuguese Volleyball Championship.

Births
 13 February - Artur Jorge, football manager, former footballer
 24 May - Jesualdo Ferreira, football manager

References

Years of the 20th century in Portugal


title: BIRN Bosnia and Herzegovina

text:
The Balkan Investigative Reporting Network Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIRN BiH) is a non-profit organization based in Sarajevo that reports on war crimes trials before the courts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. BIRN BiH is a member of the BIRN network, which includes BIRN Hub, BIRN Ltd, BIRN Kosovo, BIRN Macedonia, and BIRN Serbia.

BIRN network's publications include the Justice Series: Media, Civil Society, and War Crime Trials, Balkan Insight, Balkan Transitional Justice. The Justice Series is a media program run by BIRN BiH and consists of the organization’s flagship publication  Justice Report, Radio Justice, and TV Justice. These projects communicate via 300 media outlets reaching close to one million people worldwide. They include daily, weekly, and monthly radio and TV programs, online articles, reports, and analyses in English and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian. In addition, BIRN BiH founded the Association of Court Reporters, a countrywide advocacy network in charge of promoting judiciary-media cooperation.

History
BIRN BiH was established in January 2005 to address the absence of media attention towards issues related to transitional justice and post-war reconciliation. Since its foundation, BIRN BiH has analyzed and informed the public on war crimes trials at the state and local courts throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. Today, it remains one of the few sources of information on war crimes prosecution before the domestic judiciary.

Notable reporting
During his stay at The Hague Tribunal, Miodrag Stojanovic, a member of the Defence Council of Ratko Mladic, said BIRN's Justice Report was his only link to what was happening in BiH when it comes to the work of the Court of BiH war crimes processing.

Another Defence lawyer at The Hague Tribunal, Peter Robinson, who is advising Radovan Karadžić said: "BIRN – Justice Report is highly objective and professional from all other media. It is very useful in my work and I read it every day."

Many academic institutions rely on BIRN’s reports. At Duke University in the United States, BIRN materials are assigned as mandatory reading in some undergraduate courses. Others, including Impunity Watch, Swiss Association Against Impunity TRIAL, Human Rights Watch, University College London School of Slavonic and East European Studies, Global Investigative Journalism Network, and the ICTY, have consistently referenced BIRN BiH as an excellent source of reporting.

In 2020, BIRN BiH was awarded the Special Award by the European Press Prize for their work.

References

 Non-profit organizations based in Bosnia and Herzegovina


title: Symmerista luisdiegogomezi

text:
Symmerista luisdiegogomezi is a moth in the family Notodontidae first described by Isidro A. Chacón in 2014. It has been collected between 2,450 and 2,600 meters in highland cloud forests dominated by Quercus trees in the foothills west of the Cordillera de Talamanca in southern Costa Rica.

The length of the forewings is 17.2–19.21 mm for males and 20.22–21.51 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings of the males is dark brown, with a reniform black spot and a light brown basal band. The hindwings are dark brown. The forewings of the females are also dark brown with a beige antemedial band, lined on both sides by sinuous dark brown lines and with an irregular white thin bar from the apex to the black reniform spot. The hindwings are dirty beige with a light brown postmedial line and black discal spot.

Etymology
The species is named in honour of the late Professor Luis Diego Gómez Pignataro of San Jose.

References

Moths described in 2014
Notodontidae