title: Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden

text:
Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 46. It is located in southern Lower Saxony, comprising the Hameln-Pyrmont and Holzminden districts and a small part of the Northeim district.

Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Johannes Schraps of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

Geography
Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden is located in eastern Lower Saxony. As of the 2021 federal election, it comprises the district of Hameln-Pyrmont and Holzminden, as well as the municipalities of Bodenfelde and Uslar and Solling area from the Northeim district.

History
Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden was created in 1949, then known as Hameln – Springe. In the 1980 through 1990 elections, it was named Hameln – Holzminden. It acquired its current name in the 1994 election. In the inaugural Bundestag election, it was Lower Saxony constituency 24 in the numbering system. From 1953 through 1961, it was number 46. From 1965 through 1998, it was number 41. In the 2002 and 2005 elections, it was number 46. In the 2009 election, it was number 47. Since the 2013 election, it has been number 46.

Originally, the constituency comprised the independent city of Hameln and the districts of Hameln-Pyrmont and Springe. In the 1980 through 1998 elections, the constituency comprised the entirety of the Hameln-Pyrmont and Holzminden districts. It acquired its current borders in the 2002 election.

Members
The constituency has been held by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) during all but one Bundestag term since its creation. Its first representative was Herbert Kriedemann of the SPD, who served from 1949 to 1953. Alexander Elbrächter of the German Party (DP) won in 1953, but Heinz Frehsee of the SPD was elected in 1957. He was succeeded in 1976 by Brigitte Schulte, who served until 2005. Gabriele Lösekrug-Möller then served from 2005 to 2017. Johannes Schraps has been representative since 2017.

Election results

2021 election

2017 election

2013 election

2009 election

References

Federal electoral districts in Lower Saxony
1949 establishments in West Germany
Constituencies established in 1949
Hameln-Pyrmont
Holzminden (district)
Northeim (district)


title: Gibson County Training School

text:
The Gibson County Training School is a historic educational facility in Milan, Tennessee, that was built in 1926 with financial support from the Rosenwald Fund. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

Buildings and structures in Gibson County, Tennessee
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Rosenwald schools in Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Gibson County, Tennessee


title: Sourdough Mountain (Whatcom County, Washington)

text:
Sourdough Mountain () is in North Cascades National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. The Sourdough Mountain Lookout, is a fire lookout that was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1933 near the summit. The lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Climate
Sourdough Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below  or above . During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.

Geology
The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences. These climate differences lead to vegetation variety defining the ecoregions in this area.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

Gallery

See also

 Geography of the North Cascades

References

Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades National Park
Mountains of Whatcom County, Washington
Cascade Range
North Cascades
North American 1000 m summits


title: Afrotridactylus

text:
Afrotridactylus is a genus of African pygmy mole crickets, which contains the following species:

 Afrotridactylus ghesquierei Chopard, 1934
 Afrotridactylus koenigsmanni Günther, 1994
 Afrotridactylus madecassus (Saussure, 1896) - type species
 Afrotridactylus meridianus Günther, 1994
 Afrotridactylus pallidus (Chopard & Callan, 1956)
 Afrotridactylus spiralatus Günther, 1994
 Afrotridactylus usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1910) – African sandhopper
 Afrotridactylus usambaricus alter Günther, 1994
 Afrotridactylus usambaricus usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1910)

References

Caelifera genera
Tridactylidae
Orthoptera of Africa


title: Nowela Auparay

text:
Nowela Elizabeth Mikhelia Auparay (born 19 December 1987) is an Indonesian singer and winner of the eighth season of Indonesian Idol.

Career
Nowela was born in Wamena, Papua. Her father is of Papuan descent and her mother is Batak descent. After graduating from high school, she worked as a café singer for six years before participating in the eighth season of Indonesian Idol.

Performances and results

References

External links
  Profile at official website Indonesian Idol

21st-century Indonesian women singers
Indonesian Idol winners
1987 births
People from Wamena
Indonesian Christians
People of Batak descent
Living people


title: Beer in Greece

text:
Archaeological excavations have exposed artifacts and materials used for the production of beer in Greece dating back to the Bronze Age (3,300 to 1,200 BC).

The first modern Greek brewery was founded in 1864. Greek beer has become a part of the local culture and expanded beyond its borders as demand has increased. Although wine still has the highest consumption rates within Greece, beer has increased its market share and become an important industry for the Greek economy, providing more than 60,000 jobs in 2005.

History
Alcohol consumption has always been a part of the culture in Greece, although it has adapted and changed in certain aspects over the generations. Initially Greece had a strong wine drinking culture. This culture adapted and developed as beer and spirits begun to grow in popularity.

B.C.
The Ancient Egyptians were the first to show evidence of beer consumption as they documented the brewing process on papyrus scrolls, dating back to 5,000 B.C. This process made its way from the Middle East, into European countries. Greece was one of these countries as remains associated with beer have been discovered which date back to 2135-2020 BC. Beer in Europe became more popular in the northern parts of Europe rather than Greece, as the northern crops provided key ingredients for brewers. Due to the popularity growth of Beer in the north, Greece would prefer to be associated with wine, as they often referred to northerners as ‘barbarians’.

Remains of Prehistoric Sites
Archaeologists discovered the remains of two prehistoric buildings, providing materials to which can be used for the development and consumption of beer. A site was discovered at Archondiko (in northern Greece) and another at Agrissa (south of Archondiko on the eastern side of Greece). Remains suggest that these sites burnt down in a fire, allowing artifacts found inside to be preserved for a rather long period of time. Within the Archondiko site several cereals were discovered that date back to the “Early Bronze Age, phase IV, dated to 2135–2020 BC”, and are key determinants in the brewing of beer. Soultana Maria Valamoti published the findings in a 2018 article, including: “Triticum monococcum (einkorn), T. dicoccum (emmer), T. spelta (spelt wheat), T. aestivum/durum (free-threshing wheat) and Hordeum sp. (barley) which were found in dense, sometimes pure, concentrations indicating deliberate storage.”

Additionally to these cereals a two-chambered structure was discovered at this site. This structure is said to support temperatures of around 100 degrees Celsius, which is essential in the beer making process. Accompanying this structure there was a discovery of 30 special cups which archaeologists believe may have been used for the consumption of the beer.

Similarly to the Archondiko site the site within Agrissa was well preserved and provides instruments for beer production In Greece. The evacuation of this site was conducted in 1955, 1956 and 1958 by a German archaeologist team. Similar cereal grains were discovered as Valamoti mentions within her article, "the archaeobotanical remains from Argissa discussed here consist of at least 3,588 sprouted cereal grains that were identified to einkorn (2,319); a further 157 sprouted grains were identified as T. dicoccum (emmer) and 81 as Hordeum (barley)”.

These cereal grains are said to date back 1700–1500 BC, whilst other remains of the house are said to date back 2100–1700 BC. This is of similar time period to that of the site in Archondiko. Within the Argissa site 45 specially sculpted cups were discovered, which is another similarity between the two sites.

Modern history
The wine culture was prominent all the way until the 1800s. In 1833 the first king of Greece ‘Frederic Othon (Otto)’, settled in Greece. Otto came with scientists and specialists from his native land Bavaria, with the intentions of developing the beer industry. Initially small breweries were set up in the 1840s to serve Bavarian officials and military men who were stationed there at the time.

Among the Bavarian settlers, was Johann Ludwig Fuchs who established a small enterprise selling home-brewed beer from his house in Kolonaki. It was in 1864 when Charles Johann Fuchs, son of Johann Ludwig Fuchs, established Fix brewery in Athens, the first official brewery of Greece. Finding Beer in Greece among this time was a rarity, and was only available within the major cities. Travelers in the 1900s from Germany allowed beer consumption to continue to grow. Similar German breweries were founded in Greece, such as, Messrs. Melcher, Bachauer, Fischer, Klein, and others.

The 1900s numerous breweries were formed and beer consumption begun to grow. Within the late 19th century micro-breweries began to flourish all around Greece, which can be reflected by the consumption rates. The following table depicts the transition in the alcohol preference of the Greek nation from 1961 to 2016. Wine remains the predominant drink in Greece, though to a lesser degree than before.

Beer consumption has continually grown, increasing by a factor of five since the 1960s. Most brands are found all over Greece and are sold in supermarkets, mini markets and kiosks.

Consumption
Beer in Greece is consumed nationally, as breweries are spread across the nation. Beer consumption in 2014 came to 3.845 million hectolitres, or 36 litres per capita. 440,000 of these hectolitres was imported to Greece. About 406,000 was imported from within the EU and the remaining 34,000 was imported externally. Looking on the production side of things, beer production in 2014 came to 3.75 million hectolitres. About 229,000 of these hectolitres were exported. Some 67,000 were exported within the EU and the remaining 162,000 were exported outside of the EU.

Popular Beers
A survey conducted by 510 residents from all over Greece by Avgeris et al. Concluded that the three most influential factors when purchasing beer in Greece are: price, origin and brand name. Price is considered to be the most significant factor influencing consumer choice surrounding Greek beer. The survey concluded that 50.6% of the public would rather buy ‘cheaper’ beer as opposed to their local. However, if money was ruled out of the equation, the public would prefer to drink their local beer.

As stated, brand name has an influence over consumer choice surrounding beer in Greece. Avgeris et al. article establishes the five most frequently mentioned brands of beer in Greece to be, Amstel (18.9%), Fix (15.3%), Heineken (14.5%), Alfa (13.8%) and Vergina (9.4%). Four out of the five brands mentioned belong to two of the largest breweries in Greece with Amstel, Heineken and Alfa being produced by Athenian Brewery (Heineken group) and Fix by Olympic brewery (Carlsberg Group). The remaining brand Vergina belongs to Macedonian Thrace Brewery.

The factor to which the public concluded was the least influential aspect was advertisement. 70% of consumers mentioned that advertisement does not play a role when considering which beer to purchase.

Economy
The growth of the brewery industry in Greece has provided work for the citizens as in 2014, 60,965 jobs were related to beer. Indirect employment of the same year was 4,507 jobs. Total consumer spending in 2014 was 1,689 million Euro. This is correlated to beer acting as a stimulus as within the same year beer added 494 million Euro to the Greek economy. The citizens are not the only impacted by the industry as the Government revenue in 2014 was 640 million euro. The way to which the Government generate revenue from beer is broken into five categories, which include:

 Excise duties - 107 million
 VAT (on-trade sector) - 253 million
 VAT (off-trade sector) - 62 million
 Income tax, payroll tax and social security contribution (brewing sector) - 35 million
 Income tax, payroll tax and social security contributions (other sectors) - 181 million

Beer production

Breweries
The four major brewing companies based in Greece are the Athenian Brewery Αθηναϊκή Ζυθοποιία , a subsidiary of Heineken, holding more than 53% of the market share, the Olympic Brewery, a subsidiary of the Carlsberg Group, holding almost 27% of the market share, the Hellenic Breweries of Atalanti holding around 8% of the market share and Macedonian Thrace Brewery holding around 6%.

Microbreweries
The first greek microbrewery was Craft beer in 1997. In 2020 there were approximately 65 active microbreweries in Greece, with approximately 6% of the country's market share. That is in comparison to 6 microbreweries that were active in 2009. This growth can be explained mainly by the increasing demand for specialized products and Greek brands in support of the local economy during the crisis. The major brewers of Greece acted upon this trend and launched brands under Greek names in order to limit the competition. Various microbrewery brand-name takeovers and buy-outs have been ongoing over the past years. According to Greek law, breweries are labeled as "microbreweries" when production is less than 200,000 hectolitres.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Beer Name
! Producer/Owner
! Region
! Beer Types

|-
| 56 Isles || Paros Microbrewery || Paros || Craft
|-
| Alea || Alea Brewing Company || Athens || Wit, Pale Ale, Stout, 3-way collab NEIPA
|-
| Ali || Thessaloniki Microbrewery Ltd || Thessaloniki || Craft
|-
| Amoussa || Arrib Danos || Patras || IPA, Stout
|-
| Argo, Molotov || Volos Brewery || Volos || Golden Ale, IPA
|-
| Athineo || Athenian Brewery || Athens || Seasonal
|-
| Brewtiful || Brewtiful Brewery || Chios || Double Dry Hopped New England IPA
|-
| Brinks || Rethymnian Brewery SA || Crete, Rethymno || Pale Ale
|-
| Canal Dive || Korintiaki Zithopiia SA || Corinth || Pilsner, Ale. Unfiltered, Unpasteurized
|-
| Chios Beer || Chios Beer Microbrewery ||  Vaviloi, Chios ||  Pale Ale, Porter Smoked, BBQ smoked, Weiss with mastic, IPA. Unfiltered, Unpasteurized
|-
| Corfu Beer || Kerkiraiki Zithopiia || Corfu || Pilsner, Lager, Weiss, IPA, Red Ale, Dark, Double fermentation
|-
| Delphi / Marea || Elixi Brewery || Athens || Pilsner, Dark, IPA, Blonde and more
|-
| Dias || Korfi SA || Kato Ag. Ioannis || Lager
|-
| Donkey || Santorini Brewing Company || Santorini || Lager, Weiss, IPA, Red Ale
|-
| Empati || Kythnos Beer || Kythnos || Wheat
|-
| Epilogi || Zotos Ltd || Gianitsa || Lager
|-
| Flaros || Flaros / Siris Microbrewery EE || Athens || IPA, Amber Ale, Seasonal, Wheat, Porter
|-
| Fonias || Samothraki Microbrewery || Samothraki  || Pale Ale
|-
| Harma || Cretan Brewery || Crete, Chania || Pilsner, Lager, Weiss, Pale Ale, Stout, Cretan Ale, Dunkel, Mexican
|-
| Helmisons || Helmisons Brewery || Crete, Ierapetra || Pale Ale, IPA, Witbeer, Dark Ale
|-
| Hoppy Seal || Monachus Brewing || Alonisos || Pilsner
|-
| Ikarotissa || Ikariaki Zythopiia IKE || Ikaria || Ale, Red Ale
|-
| Johnnies' Beer || Macedonian Microbrewery || Drama || Lager
|-
| Karma || Kordosis-Thamnidis OE || Nemea || Lager, Pale Ale, Red Ale, Golden Ale
|-
| Kasta || Kasta Microbrews || Crete, Heraklion || Pale Ale, IPA, Amber Ale, Oatmeal
|-
| Katsika || Folegandros Microbrewey || Folegandros || Pilsner, Biere De Garde, Red Ale
|-
| Kirki || Kirki Brewery || Piraeus || Amber Lager, Pale Ale, IPA
|-
| Kefalonian Beer || Kefalonia & Ithaki Microbrewery || Kefalonia  || Lager, Red Ale
|-
| Kykao || Kykao Nanobrewery || Patras || IPA, Stout, Seasonal, Rye, Pale Ales
|-
| Lafkas || Lafkas Brewery || Crete, Chania || Pale Ale, Stout
|-
| Levante || Mikro-Brewery of Zakynthos || Zakynthos || Pale Ale, Stout
|-
| Local || Microbrewery of Thessaly || Volos || Golden Ale, IPA
|-
| Lola || Pinios Brewery || Larisa || Pilsner, Belgian Ale, IPA
|-
| Lyra || Lyra Brauerei || Crete, Chania || Golden Ale
|-
| Magnus Magister / Knights || Magnus Magister Papadimitriou SA || Rhodes || Pilsner, Lager, Weiss
|-
| Mani Brewery || Mani Brewery || Mani || IPA, Blond, Ale, Porter
|-
| Marmita || Mikrozithopiia Kavalas OE || Kavala || Red Ale
|-
| Mikonu || Mykonos Brewing Company || Myconos || IPA, Pale Ale, Seasonal and more
|-
| Naxos Beer || Naxos Brewery || Naxos || Pilsner, IPA, Stout
|-
| Nissos || Cyclades Mircrobrewery || Tinos || Bohemian-Style Pilsner, European Lager, Dunkel
|-
| Noble Men || Noble Men Brewery || Halkida / Athens || Pilsner, IPA, Pale Ale, Abbey Triple
|-
| Noctua || Noctua Brewery Athens || Athens || Pale Ale, IPA, Black IPA, Amber Ale, Seasonal
|-
| Notos || Notos Brewery || Crete, Heraklion || Lager, Weiss, Pale Ale
|-
| Nymfi Beer || Athenian Brewery || Thessaloniki || Hoppy lager, 5% Alc
|-
| Olympica Magna || Elis Brewery || Elia || Lager
|-
| Olympos Beer || Hondrogianni Paraskevi || Katerini || Pale Lager
|-
| One Eyed Jack || Midnight Circus Gypsy Brewery || Athens || Pilsner, Red Ale, IPA, Stout
|-
| Ora || Patraiki Zithopiia IKE || Patras || Pilsner, IPA, Stout, Weiss
|-
| Plastiga || Zythopiia Georgios Papadiotis || Volos || Stout, Strong Ale, Urban Ale,  Weiss
|-
| Samos Beer || Samos Beer || Samos || Ale
|-
| Septem || Septem Microbrewery || Evia || Stout, Red Ale, Pilsner, Pale Ale, Porter and more
|-
| Sigri || Sigri Brewery || Lesvos || Red Ale, Blond Ale
|-
| Sknipa || Standard Microbrewery of Thessaloniki || Thessaloniki || Pilsner, Stout, IPA, Seasonal, Strong
|-
| Solo || Solo Brewery || Crete, Heraklion || Pale Ale, Seasonal, IPA, Porter, Stout and more
|-
| Sparta || Lakoniki Brewery || Sparta || Lager
|-
| Spira || Spira Skopelos Brewers || Skopelos || Golden Ale, IPA, Dry Stout, Weiss
|-
| Stala || Epirus Brewery Ltd || Ioannina || Cream Ale, Pale Ale, Red Ale, IPA, Seasonal
|-
| Stilvi || Zithopiia Thessalias IKE || Karditsa || Lager, Stout, Weiss
|-
| Theros || Solar Microbrewery Xanthi || Xanthi || Summer Ale, Irish Red Ale, Dunkel
|-
| Tiki Luau || Seven Island Breweries || Corfu || Fruit Ale, Stoout
|-
| Theta (Θ) || Thessaliki Brewery || Athens || Pilsner, Lager, Premium, Weiss, Seasonal
|-
| Touls Brews || Touls Brews || Patras || Pale Ale
|-
| VAMbeer || Korfi SA || Kato Agios Ioannis, Pieria || Pislner, Lager. Unfiltered, unpasteurised
|-
| VAP || VAP P Kougios SA || Rhodes || Lager
|-
| Volkan Brewery || Volkan Brewery || Athens || Pilsner, Dunkel, Wheat
|-
| Voreia Beer || Siris Microbrewery EE || Serres || Pilsner, IPA, Stout, Low Alcohol and more
|-
| Wings || The Icarian Spirit Microbrewery || Ikaria || Lager, Pale Ale
|-
| Zeos || Ζeos Ζithopiia SA || Argos || Pilsner, Lager, Weiss
|-
| Voreia Beer || Siris Microbrewery EE || Serres || Pilsner, IPA, Stout, Low Alcohol and more
|-
|}

External links

See also

References


title: Nexus 9

text:
The Nexus 9 (codenamed Volantis or Flounder) is a tablet computer co-developed by Google and HTC that runs the Android operating system. It is the fourth tablet in the Google Nexus series, a family of Android consumer devices marketed by Google and built by an OEM partner. The device is available in two storage sizes, 16 GB for US$399 and 32 GB for US$479. Along with the Nexus 6 mobile phone and Nexus Player digital media device, the Nexus 9 launched with 5.0 Lollipop, which offered several new features, notably a modified visual appearance, and the complete replacement of the Dalvik virtual machine with ART. Google has included an additional step to "Enable OEM unlock" before users can unlock the Nexus 9 bootloader.

Release
The Nexus 9 was announced on 15 October 2014, with pre-orders available on 17 October and was released on 3 November 2014. A 4G LTE version was released in the US on 12 December 2014.

Specifications

Hardware
The Nexus 9 tablet features an 8.9-inch IPS LCD display with a 1536x2048 resolution and Corning Gorilla Glass 3. It runs the NVIDIA Tegra K1 processor and has 2 GB of RAM.

Software
The Nexus 9 originally featured Android 5.0 Lollipop.

In December 2014, the Android 5.0.1 Lollipop was released for the Nexus 9. Android 5.0.2 Lollipop was released for the device a few months later, in May 2015. Later that month, Android 5.1.1 Lollipop was released for the Nexus 9 as well.

Google released the Android 6.0 Marshmallow update for the Nexus 9 in October 2015. In December 2015, the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow was released for the Nexus 9, among other devices.

On August 22, 2016, Google released the Android 7.0 Nougat update for the Nexus 9, as well as several other devices. In January 2017, Google announced that the Nexus 9, along with the Nexus 6, won't receive the 7.1.2 Nougat update, making 7.1.1 the last major software update from Google themselves.

See also
 Comparison of tablet computers
 Comparison of Google Nexus tablets

References

External links

Tablet computers
Android (operating system) devices
Google Nexus
Portable media players
Tablet computers introduced in 2014


title: African sandhopper

text:
The African sandhopper (Afrotridactylus usambaricus) is a species of pygmy mole cricket found throughout Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It prefers sandy or muddy open river banks. It has been recorded from Niokolo-Koba National Park in Senegal.

References

Caelifera
Insects of Africa
Insects described in 1910


title: Betty Gofman

text:
Betty Gofman (Rio de Janeiro, June 3, 1965) is a Brazilian stage, film, and television actress. Descended from Russian-Austrian Jews, she is married to philosopher Hugo Barreto, with whom she has two daughters, the twins Alice and Helena, and she is the sister of actress Rosane (Roxanne) Gofman.

Early years

Gofman was born in Rio de Janeiro. Her dream as a child was to be a veterinarian, and a protector of animals. With a theatrical training background, Gofman studied with Maria Clara Machado, and at Casa de Arte das Laranjeiras.

Career
When her sister, Roxanne, pursued an artistic career as an actress, Gofman decided to follow suit. She was only 20 years old when she was cast in the first version of the soap opera Ti Ti Ti (1985), and gained prominence with her character Monique in Selva de Pedra. Irreverent, she often performed in comedy roles. In Caminho das Índias, another soap opera on Brazilian TV, she made the audience laugh with her bumbling character Dayse. She participated in several soap operas and mini-series, among them Um Só Coração, produced by Rede Globo, where she played the painter Anita Malfatti. She also played a character in Cortina de Vidro by Walcyr Carrasco.

Her film debut was in Roberto Gervitz's Feliz Ano Velho released in 1987. She joined Bia Lessa's theatrical company and took part in several international theater festivals. Directed by Lessa, she acted in Everyday, based on the novel by Virginia Woolf, Ibsen's Casa de Bonecas, A Megera Domada, and Orlando.

Personal life
By the end of the 1980s, she was in a relationship with musician Marcelo Fromer.

Filmography

Television

Films
 1987 - Os Trapalhões no Auto da Compadecida
 1987 - Feliz Ano Velho
 1989 - Kuarup
 1994 - Boca
 1999 - Até que a Vida nos Separe
 2000 - Cronicamente Inviável
 2000 - Amélia
 2003 - Viva Voz
 2003 - Oswaldo Cruz - O Médico do Brasil
 2003 - Eclipse.

Theater
 Orlando
 A Megera Domada
 Casa de Bonecas
 Cotidiano.
 A Vingança do Espelho: A história de Zezé Macedo

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Actresses from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian stage actresses
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian television actresses
Brazilian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Brazilian people of Austrian-Jewish descent


title: Fernando Lapuente

text:
Fernando Marcelino Lapuente (31 January 1928 – 2 September 1993) represented Argentina at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, he was entered in the 100 m and the 4x100 m relay, but did not get past the heats in either event. His personal best for 100m was 10.6 seconds in 1949.

References

 Fernando Lapuente's profile at Sports Reference.com

1928 births
1993 deaths
Place of birth missing
Argentine male sprinters
Olympic athletes for Argentina
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1951 Pan American Games
20th-century Argentine people


title: Blakeman, Kansas

text:
Blakeman is an unincorporated community in Rawlins County, Kansas, United States.  It is located west of Atwood.

History
A post office was opened in Blakeman in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1952.

Education
The community is served by Rawlins County USD 105 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Rawlins County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Rawlins County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas
1887 establishments in Kansas
Populated places established in 1887


title: Chardon, Kansas

text:
Chardon is a ghost town in Rawlins County, Kansas, United States.

History
A post office was opened in Chardon in the 1880s, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1939.

References

Further reading

External links
 Rawlins County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Rawlins County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas
1880s establishments in Kansas


title: Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area

text:
The Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area is a nature reserve in the Gobi Desert, situated in the southwestern part of Mongolia at the border with China. A similar reserve in the Gobi exists farther to the west - the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area. Both reserves form one unit, the Great Gobi Strictly Protected Area (SPA), which encompasses a total of . Great Gobi A is one of the last refuges for critically endangered animals such as the wild Bactrian camel and the Gobi bear.

Location and size
Great Gobi A lies in the southwestern part of Mongolia in an arid region of the Gobi desert. The vegetation is dominated by desert and desert steppe. Great Gobi A is generally drier than Great Gobi B. Together with Great Gobi B, the reserve was established in  and has been designated by the United Nations as an international Biosphere Reserve in . With a total area of about  it is one of the largest reserves worldwide. The headquarters for the Great Gobi SPA is situated in Bayantooroi, a settlement about  north to the Great Gobi A reserve.

Climate
The Climate is extremely "continental". Temperatures in the Gobi can fall to  in winter and rise to  in the summer. With an average yearly rainfall of about , the climate is extremely arid.

Fauna
The reserve is an important refuge for some endangered large mammal species, such as the wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus), which was identified as a separate species in 2008 by the Veterinary University of Vienna, the Gobi bear (Ursus arctos gobiensis), the snow leopard (Uncia uncia), the argali wild sheep (Ovis ammon) and the Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus hemionus). Especially for the wild camel the reserve is important, since it is one of three last locations, where the rare animal can be found. Due to the remoteness and large size of the reserve, it is hard to estimate population numbers or population trends. Estimates for the population of wild camels in the reserve range from about 350 to 1950 individuals. Wolves (Canis lupus), which are also found in the reserve, might be a threat for the calves of wild camels. However, the effects of these predators on the camel population are unclear.

Twenty km from the reserve is the wild camel breeding centre at Zakhyn Us, which was established in 2004 with 12 wild camels which had been caught by Mongolian herdsmen. There were 22 wild camels at the breeding centre in 2014  and in 2013 two bull wild camels were released into the reserve with satellite collars. One of them has formed his own herd with five female wild camels. The breeding centre which is financed by the Wild Camel Protection Foundation and administered by the Director of Gobi "A" covers . In 2008 the Veterinary University of Vienna confirmed after extensive DNA testing that the wild camel is a new and separate species which separated from any other known camel species over 750,000 years ago.

References

Protected areas of Mongolia
Gobi Desert
Nature reserves


title: Beatriz Camuñas

text:
Beatriz Camuñas (born 26 or 27 March 1959) is a retired Mexican swimmer who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics

References

External links

1959 births
Living people
Female breaststroke swimmers
Mexican female swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Mexico
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Mexico
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 1974 Central American and Caribbean Games
20th-century Mexican women
21st-century Mexican women


title: HMS Milbrook (1798)

text:
HMS Milbrook (or Millbrook) was one of six vessels built to an experimental design by Sir Samuel Bentham. After the Royal Navy took her into service in her decade-long career she took part in one notable single-ship action and captured several privateers and other vessels, all off the coast of Spain and Portugal. She was wrecked off the coast of Portugal in 1808.

Design
Hobbs & Hellyer built six vessels to Bentham's design. Milbrook was  a somewhat smaller version of his Dart-class vessels ( and ), and of another schooner, . Bentham's designs featured little sheer, negative tumblehome, a large-breadth to length ratio with structural bulkheads, and sliding keels. They were also virtually double-ended.

Career

French Revolutionary Wars
Lieutenant Matthew Smith commissioned Milbrook in December 1798. She was re-rated as a gunvessel in 1799. In February 1800 Smith wrote that the Barrack-master-general (General Oliver de Lancey) had ordered that she continue to serve the board he headed because she was "extremely fast, in all weathers a good sea-boat, tight as a bottle." Still, she received coppering at Portsmouth in April 1800.

Milbrook was part of Admiral Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron and so entitled to share in the proceeds from the squadron's cutting out of the French privateer Guêppe on 30 August from Vigo Bay.

A violent gust of wind drove the frigate  on shore on 6 September in Vigo Bay. There was no loss of life, due in large part to Milbrook, which rescued many survivors. Stags officers blew Stag up to prevent the French salvaging anything useful, and her crew were distributed amongst the fleet.

On 26 September Milbrook captured the American brig Atlas, while Atlas was sailing between Vigo and Seville.

Milbrook and Bellone
Some two weeks later, on 13 October, Milbrook engaged a French privateer in a notable but ultimately indecisive action. Milbrook was lying becalmed off Oporto when she sighted a strange sail, apparently a French 36-gun frigate. Smith was escorting two brigs of the Newfoundland fleet and there were other vessels, possibly of that fleet, in the offing. To protect the merchantmen Milbrook sailed to intercept the enemy vessel.

The action began at 8 a.m. and lasted until nearly 10 a.m., in almost complete calm, until the French vessel struck. However, Milbrooks rigging was so badly cut and her boats holed, that she was unable to take possession of her prize; seeing this, when a light breeze came up the French vessel used her sails and sweeps to escape. In the action Milbrook had ten of her carronades dismounted, and had 12 men (out of a crew of 47) wounded. At one point Milbrook had only three carronades firing as she used her sweeps to change her position and had to endure the raking fire from her opponent for 15 minutes. Milbrook was so damaged that she had to be towed into the Tagus.

Later accounts reveal that the French vessel was the privateer Bellone, of Bordeaux. The reports credit Milbrook with having her carronades fixed on the non-recoil principle (i.e., fixed to the vessel so that the vessel absorbs the recoil and the cannons did not have to be run out before firing again), enabling Milbrook to fire 11 broadsides before the French vessel could fire three. Bellone had to put into Vigo and reports from there suggested that she had suffered 20 men killed, and her first and second captains and 45 men wounded, out of a crew of 220-260 men. Bellone had been armed with twenty-four 8-pounder guns and six or eight 36-pounder carronades.

As a reward for his gallantry Smith received promotion to Commander. Also, the British factory of Oporto voted him their thanks, and presented him with a piece of silver plate worth £50.

Smith was still in command, and off Spain, on 19 December when Milbrook captured the Spanish privateer lugger Barcelo.

At some point in 1800, Milbrook shared with  and Loire in the capture of Francoise, and recapture of Princess Charlotte.

In February 1801 Lieutenant Mauritius Adolphus Newton de Starck, who signed his name as Newton Starck, replaced Smith in command of Milbrook. On 15 September Milbrook was off Cape Montego when she sighted a Spanish privateer. After a long chase, Milbrook captured Baptista, of eight guns, which was carrying a valuable cargo of English prize butter from Vigo to Seville.

On 6 September Milbrook was at Plymouth awaiting carry dispatches to Rear-Admiral Sir James Saumarez, and the garrison at Gibraltar. Two days later Milbrook left for Portsmouth, on her way to the fleet off Cadiz.

Milbrook returned to Portsmouth from Lisbon on 22 August 1802. She was paid off and Starck recommissioned her on 31 October in Portsmouth.

Napoleonic wars
By July 1803 Milbrook had assumed her station off Dunkirk in company with  and . On 11 August Milbrook convoyed 50 vessels from Portsmouth to the Downs.

August–September she was in pursuit of a strange vessel when she grounded on Kentish Knocke. She lay there for some seven hours with the sea breaking over her before she was able to free herself. Subsequently, J. Helby, foreman of shipwrights, wrote that she had survived without any damage shocks that would bilge most other vessels.

On 28 October 1803, Milbrook and  were off Dunkirk when they pursued and drove on shore the French privateer lugger Sept Freres. Sept Freres was armed with two guns and had a crew of 30 men under the command of Citizen Pollet. Milbrook anchored close to the lugger and came under fire from some field guns on shore. Though she took some hits, the British suffered no casualties. Head money was finally paid in May 1827.

On 28 March 1804 Milbrook and Starck sailed with a number of other vessels for the Boulogne station. Lieutenant John C. Carpenter was appointed to Milbrook on 30 April, and in May replaced Starck. On 3 June Milbrook and an armed ship sailed from Portsmouth to cruise off Calais. She returned to Deal on 22 July, having lost cables and anchors. Milbrook arrived at Portsmouth from the Downs on 24 August. she sailed on 17 September with the gun-brigs  and  to escort the Newfoundland fleet to Poole, where  would relieve them.

On 6 May 1805 Milbrook captured the Spanish privateer lugger Travela, of three guns and 40 men, off Oporto. Travela had the day before captured a brig carrying wine from Oporto. Carpenter suspected that Travela had sent the brig to Vigo, so he sailed there. On the morning of 9 May he intercepted the British brig Stork in the Bayona Islands (Baiona) outside Vigo. Stork, which was carrying salt, had been part of the Newfoundland convoy when the 12-gun Spanish privateer brig Fenix had captured her a month earlier. The vessel Travela had captured may have been Constantia, Luftman, master, which had just left Oporto for Belfast.

In early June the Portuguese vessel Rosalie, which Milbrook had detained as Rosalie was sailing from Lisbon to Nantes, arrived in Plymouth.

On 18 May 1806, Milbrook was escorting John, Lothringen, master, from Lisbon to Oporto when they encountered a French 74-gun ship and a frigate off the Berlengas (known to the British as the Burlings). The French vessels captured John, but Milbrook escaped.

In September Carpenter resigned from Milbrook, and Lieutenant James Leach replaced him in command. On 30 August 1807, Milbrook recaptured the brig Badger, of Dublin. A little over two weeks later, on, 17 September, Milbrook, in company with the letter of marque Ceres, captured the Danish brig Kraben. Kraben was condemned to the Crown.

On 26 October, Tsar Alexander I of Russia declared war on Great Britain. The official news did not arrive there until 2 December, at which time the British declared an embargo on all Russian vessels in British ports. Milbrook was one of some 70 vessels that shared in the seizure of the 44-gun Russian frigate Speshnoy (Speshnyy), then in Portsmouth harbour. The British seized the Russian storeship Wilhelmina (Vilghemina) at the same time. The Russian vessels were carrying the payroll for Vice-Admiral Dmitry Senyavin's squadron in the Mediterranean.

The British consul at Oporto, and the factory both wrote letters of thanks to Leach for his services to the British trade with Oporto and the factory gave him a piece of plate worth £50.

Fate
Milbrook arrived off Berlenga Grande Island in the Berlengas—known traditionally to the British as "the Burlings"—in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal on 24 March 1808 and anchored. While she was changing to a better position a squall struck her and drove her onto a reef. Her crew hauled her off and into clear water where she rode out the night. However, at 8 a.m. on 25 March, her cable fasteners gave way and she was again driven on the rocks, where she bilged. She quickly fell on her side and was lost. The crew was saved.

At the subsequent court martial the letters from Oporto were read into evidence, and the court martial not only exonerated Leach but "deemed his conduct highly meritorious and praiseworthy". His officers and crew presented him with a sword worth 50 guineas as a token of their esteem. He next captained the hired armed lugger Black Joke on a special service to the Spanish coast before taking command of the bomb vessel  on the Downs station.

Notes

Citations

References

1798 ships
Ships built in Southampton
Sloops of the Royal Navy
Maritime incidents in 1808
Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Shipwrecks of Portugal


title: The Sicilian Connection

text:
The Sicilian Connection (, , also known as The Opium Connection and La filière) is a 1972 Italian-French crime-thriller film directed by Ferdinando Baldi.

Plot
The Italian-American Joseph Coppola wants to start trafficking drugs from Turkey to the United States and calls for the support of the Sicilian Mafia, who would  protect him from the Marseilles Clan. In the U.S., however, he appears to forget the chords. Greed or double play?

Cast

 Ben Gazzara as Joseph Coppola
 Silvia Monti as Claudia
 Fausto Tozzi as Don Vincenzo
 Jess Hahn as Sacha
 José Greci as Lucia
 Malisa Longo as Rosalia Calogero
 Luciano Catenacci as Tony Nicolodi
 Mario Pilar as Ibrahim
 Luciano Rossi as Dr. Hans
 Corrado Gaipa as Don Calogero
 Bruno Corazzari as Larry

References

External links

1972 films
1972 drama films
Italian drama films
1970s Italian-language films
Films directed by Ferdinando Baldi
Films scored by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis
Films about the illegal drug trade
Films set in Sicily
Films set in Turkey
Films set in the United States
1970s Italian films


title: Intervision Song Contest 1977

text:
The Intervision Song Contest 1977 was the debut edition of the Intervision Song Contest held between the 24–27 August 1977 in the Forest Opera, a venue located in the Polish city of Sopot.

Location

The Forest Opera is an open-air amphitheatre located in Sopot, Poland, with a capacity of 4400 seats, the orchestra pit can contain up to 110 musicians.  Each year, starting from 1964 (with some interruption in the early 1980s), the Sopot International Song Festival took place at the Forest Opera, events being organized by the Ministry of Culture and Art in cooperation with the Polish Artistic Agency (PAGART). The Forest Opera played host to the first Intervision Song Contest, between 24 and 27 August 1977.

Participants
The following countries confirmed their participation in the first edition of the contest:

References

1977 in music
1977 in radio
1977 in Polish television
1977


title: Castle Hot Springs (Arizona)

text:
Castle Hot Springs is a recently restored historic resort in Arizona that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located within the Hieroglyphic Mountains.

History
The Apache Wars discouraged development of the area until the 1880s when the springs and the adjacent land were purchased by Frank Murphy for the construction of a health resort.  The resort was completed in 1896 by the brother of the Arizona Governor Oakes Murphy, and the newly renamed "Castle Hot Springs" was heavily advertised to potential clients.  During the resort's heyday in the 1920s it was visited by celebrities such as Zane Grey, as well as famous families such as the Rockefellers.

The resort was used by the United States military as a rehabilitation center from 1943 to 1944 to treat injured veterans of World War II.  Future president John F. Kennedy spent three months at the resort during this period to recover from his wounds suffered during the sinking of his ship, PT-109.

The resort continued to be commercially operated until the main building was heavily damaged in a fire in 1976. The resort still comprises its swimming pool, administrative building and guest house along with the springs, which produce 180,000 gallons of hot water per day. The resort became a stop on the short-line Arizona and California Railroad in the 1990s.

The property was sold in March 2014 for $1.95 million.   In March 2018, the resort announced a restoration was underway with plans for reopening in October of that year. The new owners have extensively remodeled and added to the property, adding 12 spring bungalows - with hot spring fed tubs, and 17 sky-view cabins. The resort reopened to visitors in February 2019.

In media
Castle Hot Springs Resort was the subject of a 1994 documentary film by Mike Smith and a fellow student.

See also

 Sasco, Arizona
 Treasures from American Film Archives: Treasures 5: The West, 1898–1938 (2011) (disc 3)
 Santa Monica Army Air Forces Redistribution Center

References

Further reading

External links
 Castle Hot Springs – ghosttowns.com
 Castle Hot Springs – Jewel of the Bradshaws! (December 31, 2011), from SonoranTreeSvc.com
 Castle Hot Springs, at DailyJFK.com
 Castle Hot Springs Resort New Castle Hot Springs website for rebuilt resort

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
Hot springs of Arizona
Ghost towns in Arizona
Bodies of water of Yavapai County, Arizona
National Register of Historic Places in Yavapai County, Arizona


title: R. nepalensis

text:
R. nepalensis may refer to:

 Rana nepalensis, a frog native to Asia
 Rodgersia nepalensis, a perennial plant
 Roscoea nepalensis, a perennial plant
 Roseomonas nepalensis, a Gram-negative bacterium
 Rubus nepalensis, an evergreen raspberry
 Rumex nepalensis, a perennial herb
 Russula nepalensis, a mycorrhizal mushroom


title: At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque

text:
At the Sign of the Reine Pédauque () is a historical novel by Anatole France, written in 1892 and published the next year. The novel tells of the tribulations of the young Jacques Ménétrier at the beginning of the 18th century. Its most important source is the 17th-century occult text Comte de Gabalis.

Summary
Jacques Ménétrier is the son of Léonard Ménétrier, leader of a brotherhood of roast-meat sellers. Somewhat educated by Brother Ange, a dissolute capucin, Jacques replaces the dog Miraut in his job of turning the spit on which the chickens roast.  He is soon taken under the protection of Mr. Jérôme Coignard, an abbot, who rebaptises him "the learned Jacobus Tournebroche" and teaches him Latin and Greek. The two of them are hired by Mr. d'Astarac, an alchemist researching salamanders and sylphs in the works of ancient authors.

The rants of d'Astarac, the debauchery of Mr. d'Anquetil, and the vengeance of the uncle of the beautiful Jahel result in the happiness destined for the master and student, Jérôme and Jacques.

Adaptations
Composer Charles-Gaston Levadé adapted the novel into a four-act lyric comic opera in 1934.  Tenor Jean Marny of the Opéra-Comique recorded an aria from the work, "Reverie de Jacques," on Pathé sapphire disc 3175.

Traktér U královny Pedauky (1967) is a Czechoslovak television film directed by Zdeněk Kaloč, starring Josef Karlík, Leopold Franc, Libuše Geprtová, and Václav Postránecký. Running time 84 min.

References

External links

1893 French novels
Novels by Anatole France
French historical novels
Fiction about alchemy


title: Joe Douglas

text:
Joe Douglas (born 1983) is a British theatre director, playwright and performer. He was the Artistic Director of Live Theatre in Newcastle from 2018 to 2020.

Background
Douglas was born and raised in Manchester, where he attended St. Bede's College. He studied directing at Rose Bruford College in London before winning a place on the ITV Theatre Director Scheme to train with the National Theatre of Scotland.

Career
As a freelance director Douglas has directed at the Dundee Repertory Theatre, Oran Mor and the Traverse Theatre among others. He has worked for the National Theatre of Scotland, HighTide and National Youth Music Theatre.

In 2012 he was awarded an Edinburgh Fringe First Award for Educating Ronnie, a one-man show based on his experiences in Uganda which he both wrote and performed. He directed two shows at the Edinburgh festival in 2014 including a play by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.

His revivals of The Cheviot, the Stag, and the Black Black Oil and Death of a Salesman were both critical and commercial successes, winning several CATS.

His first directorial production for Live Theatre was Clear White Light.

Theatre credits
Clear White Light (2018), for Live Theatre
Arabian Nights (2017), for the Royal Lyceum Theatre
Death of a Salesman (2016), by Arthur Miller for Dundee Repertory Theatre
The Cheviot, the Stag and the Black, Black Oil (2014) by John McGrath for the Dundee Repertory Theatre
Dear Scotland (2014), co-directed with Catrin Evans for the National Theatre of Scotland
Bloody Trams (2014) by Joe Douglas at the Traverse Theatre
The Call of the Wild (2014) by Jack London at Oran Mor
The BFG (2013) by Roald Dahl at the Dundee Repertory Theatre
The Reprobates (2013) by Phil Porter
Thank You (2013) by Catrin Evans at Oran Mor
The Last Polar Bears (2011) by Harry Horse for the National Theatre of Scotland
Our Teacher's A Troll (2010) by Dennis Kelly for the National Theatre of Scotland
Videotape (2009) by Oliver Emmanuel at Oran Mor

References

Living people
1983 births
British theatre directors
Theatre people from Greater Manchester
Alumni of Rose Bruford College


title: 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball)

text:
The 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I is the 63rd season of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, Hungary's premier Handball league.

Team information

The following 12 clubs compete in the NB I during the 2014–15 season:

Personnel and kits
Following is the list of clubs competing in 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I, with their president, head coach, kit manufacturer and shirt sponsor.

Regular season

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Championship round

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Final
1st placed team hosted Games 1 and, plus Game 3 if necessary. 2nd placed team hosted Game 2.

1st leg

2nd leg

''MKB-MVM Veszprém won Championship final series 2–0.

Third place
3rd placed team hosted Games 1 and, plus Game 3 if necessary. 4th placed team hosted Game 2.

Relegation round

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Season statistics

Top goalscorers
Updated to games played on 24 May 2015.

Source:

Number of teams by counties

NB I clubs in 2014–15 European competitions

 MKB-MVM Veszprém

 MOL-Pick Szeged

 Balatonfüredi KSE

 Grundfos-Tatabánya KC

 Orosházi FKSE-LINAMAR

References

External links
 Hungarian Handball Federaration

Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball)
2014–15 domestic handball leagues
Nemzeti Bajnoksag I Men


title: Dejan Bogunović

text:
Dejan Bogunović (; born 13 May 1981) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is the older brother of fellow footballer Saša Bogunović.

Club career
Bogunović started out at his hometown club Novi Sad, before transferring to Vojvodina in the summer of 1998. He returned to Novi Sad after three years, making close to 150 appearances in the second tier between 2001 and 2005.

International career
In 2002, Bogunović was capped for FR Yugoslavia at under-21 level, coming on as a substitute for Nenad Erić in a friendly loss to France U21.

References

External links

Men's association football goalkeepers
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
First League of Serbia and Montenegro players
FK Banat Zrenjanin players
FK Kabel players
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac players
RFK Novi Sad 1921 players
FK Proleter Novi Sad players
FK Vojvodina players
Maritzburg United F.C. players
OFK Bačka players
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
Serbia and Montenegro men's under-21 international footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Serbian First League players
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian SuperLiga players
South African Premier Division players
Footballers from Novi Sad
1981 births
Living people


title: Zarih

text:
A zarih (, ) or ḍarīḥ () is an ornate, usually gilded, lattice structure, that encloses a grave in a mosque or Islamic shrine.

Zarihs serve as a marker for the tombs of religious figures, and as a symbol of their sacred nature. Zarihs are funded by donations, it is considered a blessing to do so, according to the Shia. The construction and installation of zarihs are often done on a volunteer basis, made as a waqf with its creators demanding no pay for their work.

A zarih is built from fine materials by skilled craftsmen, calligraphers, metal workers, jewellers, carpenters, and engineers. Zarihs can be the size of a small room and are commonly built by hand in a process that often takes several years. Not all zarihs are of the same quality; however, the most intricate zarihs found, are often in the shrines of Shia Imams and are seldom built, these zarihs take longer to construct and use more sophisticated materials and methods.

The walls of a zarih are filled with verses from the Quran, names of holy figures and other religious artwork. Notable installations are found in the Imam Husayn Shrine, the Al Abbas Mosque, the Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque , the Abdul Qadir Jilani Mosque, The Junaid Baghdadi with Sirri Saqti shrine and the Imam Ali Mosque.

See also
 Islamic architecture
 Shia
 Sufi

References

Islamic architectural elements
Mosque architecture
Safavid architecture
Shia shrines
Islamic terminology


title: 2006–07 Torneo Argentino A

text:
The 2006–07 Argentine Torneo Argentino A was the twelfth season of third division professional football in Argentina. A total of 24 teams competed; the champion was promoted to Primera B Nacional.

Club information

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Apertura 2006

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Final stage

Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Clausura 2007

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Final stage

Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Overall standings

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Championship final
The Final was played between the Apertura winners, Desamparados and clausura winners, Guillermo Brown. But as Desamparados had to play the Relegation Playoff, so Independiente Rivadavia, as best team in the overall standings took their place.

Promotion/relegation playoff B Nacional-Torneo Argentino A

Ben Hur remained in the Primera B Nacional by winning the playoff.

Relegation playoff

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 1

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 2

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 3

Juventud (P) remained in the Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff.
Talleres (P) remained in the Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff.
Desamparados remained in the Torneo Argentino A after a 2-2 aggregate tie by virtue of a "sports advantage". In case of a tie in goals, the team from the Torneo Argentino A gets to stay in it.

Match Fixing Scandal

This season was marred by two match-fixing scandal, which altered the normal course of the competition.

The first involved Central Norte and 9 de Julio (R), they had to play in the round 14 of Torneo Clausura 2007. Central Norte was already relegated to the Torneo Argentino B because of the victory of Talleres (P) and gives intentionally a penalty to 9 de Julio (R) in the last moments of the match, allowing them to qualify for the Final Stage and avoiding in the same way the qualification of Juventud Antoniana, the city rival of Central Norte. The match finished 0-1 because of the penalty, but after this, in the TV it was found that both Managers were talking in the middle of the match. The Consejo Federal decided to give the match as a defeat for both teams 0-1, replaced Juventud Antoniana for 9 de Julio (R) in the Final Stage, suspended both Managers and the Referee and deducted 6 points to both teams (Central Norte and 9 de Julio (R)) for the next season.

3 days after, in a match between Desamparados and San Martín (M) something similar happened. For Desamparados, Champion of Torneo Apertura, a defeat meant, due to their very bad performance in the Torneo Clausura, that they had to play the Relegation Playoff, losing the possibility of playing to get promoted to Primera B Nacional, and Independiente Rivadavia would take their place (cty rival of San Martín (M)). San Martin (M), meanwhile, with a draw avoided the Relegation Playoff, so the draw benefited both teams: Desamparados would avoid the Relegation Playoff and would play the Final to get promoted, and San Martín would avoid also the Relegation Playoff and would prevent their city rival, Independiente Rivadavia to play the Final to get Promoted. The most disadvantaged was Juventud Unida Universitario because they had to play the Relegation Playoff. The match ended 0-0. Days after Juventud Unida Universitario filed a complaint and a video showing that a player from San Martín (M) was admitting that Desamparados offered them an incentive of $30.000. The Consejo Federal decided to give the match as a defeat for both teams 0-1 and deducted 9 points to both teams so San Martín (M) was relegated to the Torneo Argentino B and Desamparados had to play the Relegation Playoff (this benefited Gimnasia y Esgrima (Mza) and Juventud Unida Universitario, who were displaced of the last places of the table. Thus Independiente Rivadavia played the Final to get promoted.

See also
2006–07 in Argentine football

References

Torneo Argentino A seasons
3


title: Charles Miller (businessman)

text:
Charles Miller (June 15, 1843 – December 21, 1927) was a Pennsylvania businessman, philanthropist and Major General of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard.  He commanded the organization now known as the 28th Infantry Division and was a founder of the Galena-Signal Oil Company, which later became part of the Standard Oil combine, and then part of the corporations now known as Texaco and Valvoline.

Early life
Charles Miller was born in Oberhoffen-sur-Moder, Alsace, France on June 15, 1843.  His family emigrated to the United States in 1855, settling in Boston, New York.  Miller began a business career by clerking in stores and working as a sewing machine salesman.

In 1861 he joined the New York National Guard’s Company A, 74th Infantry Regiment.  The unit performed guard duty along the border with Canada in Pennsylvania and New York to deter Confederate raids from the north (as happened during the St. Albans Raid).  He served until the end of the Civil War, and turned down an Army commission despite having performed well on the competitive examination.  Afterwards Miller remained active in the Grand Army of the Republic.

Business career
Recognizing the potential of the fledgling oil industry, in the late 1860s Miller moved to Franklin, Pennsylvania, and organized the Galena Oil Company in partnership with his brother in law Joseph C. Sibley.  This venture, which eventually became the Galena-Signal Oil Company, played a key role in replacing animal-fat based lubricants in business and industry, and grew to become the primary supplier of lubricating oil to the railroad industry.  He served as the company president until 1919.  Galena-Signal eventually became a Standard Oil subsidiary, and then part of the conglomerates now known as Texaco (1928) and Valvoline (1931).

In addition to the oil business, Miller expanded his interests to include founding the Jamestown, Franklin and Clearfield Railroad, a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad, of which he served as president.  He was also president of other railroads, president and chairman of the board of directors for American Steel Foundries, and owned several Franklin businesses, including a bank, newspaper, a machine shop, and several farms.

In 1919 Miller left Galena-Signal and became chairman of the board of the Home Oil Refining Company of Texas.

Political career
Originally a Republican, Miller served as Mayor of Franklin in 1885 and 1886.  He later advocated temperance and became a member of the Prohibition Party.

Miller also served in appointive offices, including member of the board of trustees of the Pennsylvania Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.

Philanthropy
Miller made charitable contributions throughout his hometown.  He operated a night school at his own expense to enable Franklin residents to finish high school or receive training in business skills, and also made substantial donations to the local Baptist church, of which he was a founder, the YMCA, and the local library.

In addition, Miller served as a trustee of Bucknell University, where he endowed a fellowship.

Military career
In 1880 Miller returned to military service as ordnance officer of the Pennsylvania National Guard's 2nd Brigade with the rank of major, where he served under commander James A. Beaver.  He continued to serve on the brigade staff until 1898, when he was selected to command the brigade and promoted to brigadier general.

In 1900 Miller was appointed commander of the organization now known as the 28th Infantry Division and promoted to major general.  He served as commander until retiring from the military in 1906.

Awards and honors
Miller received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Bucknell University in 1896.

To recognize Miller's contributions to business and industry, in 1901 the government of France awarded him the Legion of Honor (Chevalier).

Death and burial
Miller remained active in his business and charitable interests almost until his death.  He suffered a stroke in December, 1927 and remained in a coma for several days until his death on December 20.  He was buried at Franklin Cemetery in Franklin.

Family
In 1863 Miller married Ann Adelaide Sibley (1846–1914), the sister of Joseph C. Sibley.  Their children included Adelaide Sibley Miller; Clarence A. Miller; Charles Joseph Sibley Miller; Henry S. Miller; Leroy S. Miller; Julius French Miller and Metta Evalina Miller.  Charles Miller and his first wife later divorced, and in 1905 he married Emma Bulen.  In 1910, the marital discord between Miller and his second wife was the subject of national headlines.  Charles and Emma Miller later reconciled.  The second Mrs. Miller died in Chicago in 1928.

References

External links

1843 births
1927 deaths
People from Alsace-Lorraine
People from Erie County, New York
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
People from Franklin, Pennsylvania
American businesspeople in the oil industry
19th-century American railroad executives
Bucknell University alumni
Philanthropists from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Republicans
National Guard (United States) generals
Burials in Pennsylvania
New York National Guard personnel
Pennsylvania National Guard personnel
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Baptists from New York (state)
19th-century Baptists


title: JD Era

text:
JD Era (born April 15, 1985) is a Canadian rapper and lyricist.  He has worked with artists such as Nas, Gza, Kardinal Offishall, The Clipse, and has also cut several tracks with longtime friend Drake. In 2008 he won Best Rap at the Toronto Independent Music Awards, and also won the TAG Records’ Survival of The Freshest competition. He has also released a number of mixtapes and singles, and in the Juno Awards of 2013 his album No Handouts was nominated for Rap Recording of the Year.

Early life
JD Era was born on April 15, 1985, and raised in Missisauga, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario. He began listening to rap at a young age, particularly to groups such as Wu Tang Clan and the song "C.R.E.A.M." Rapping by the age of fourteen, he began writing his own rhymes at sixteen. He started freestyling in local rap battles as he grew older, stating "I always knew in the back of my mind that I would do [rap]. Rap was taking up too much time and money for me to not take it seriously. I just always wanted to get better and loved the music." A friend, Bad Nuze, brought him into his studio for a number of recording sessions, and JD Era stated "I never looked back." About his name, "JD is my initials and Era is a timeline. Just my way of saying its my time." Around 2003 he signed with his long-term manager, Mike "Major" Malabre of The Product.

Music career

2005-10: Early years
JD Era has stated that one of his earlier difficulties was going from being a battling Emcee to writing his own full songs. In 2005 he recorded his first singles: "Ride Clean" and "Take Me Home." They became his first songs to receive airplay on urban radio stations, including Flow 93.5 and 91.5 The Beat. His first mixtape, Prince of the North, was released on July 14, 2007, on The Product and Black Market Music. A single from the album, "Paper Chase," had a music video filmed as well, increasing his exposure nationally.

In 2008 he was nominated for two DJ Stylus Awards, and that year at the Toronto Independent Music Awards he won Best Rap. He continued to freestyle even as he worked in the recording studio, and also in 2008 he was named winner of the TAG Records’ Survival of The Freshest freestyle competition. He was also later named the Champion at the Marc Ecko Freestyle Competition. Around 2008, Major, JD Era, and Fase became co-owners in Black Market Music Group, which has ties with Universal Music Group.

His track "25th Hour" was included in the mixtape Dame Hustle The Hip Hop Experiment by Stricklee Hip Hop in February 2009. Around 2010 he was a member of the group Wise Guys, along with Bishop Brigante, Ken Masters, Jonny Roxx, Young Tony (aka Hush) and Drake. According to Hip Hop Canada, "The group’s biggest claim to fame as a unit was several diss songs including 'Goodnight & Goodluck' and 'Good Riddance.'"

He released the mixtape I'm Coming to America in 2010 on Black Market, which increased his exposure in the United States, and had production from artists such as Drake. At Flow 93.5’s Real Frequency Awards, Coming to America was nominated as Best Mixtape.

2011-12: Th1rt3en-Black Tape, touring
JD Era released his mixtape Th1rt3en-Black Tape on February 22, 2011, through Black Market and Universal Canada. The music videos for the mixtape's tracks "You Know This and "Fame & Fortune" both charted on Much Music and other music countdowns.

For 2011 and 2012 he wrote the theme song for The Score network's Court Surfing NBA program, which was broadcast in Canada. On April 26, 2011, Black Market released "The Score: Couch Surfing Theme," later followed by the second season's version.

He and his manager met Raekwon in April 2011 at a show in Winnipeg, stating"He had heard my name going around the city and wanted to meet me." Later that summer they toured together with 13 dates in Canada and forty in the United States. On January 17, 2012, JD Era self-released the single "Payday 2," which featured Raekwon. By May 2012 he was touring across Canada, having at that point been to British Columbia, Winnipeg, Montreal and Saskatchewan. By the summer of 2012 he had wrapped his Unexpected Victory Tour with Raekwon. As of 2012, he is the only Canadian artist signed to ICE20, the record label associated with Raekwon.

2012-13: No Handouts
In 2012 he also began working on his next album. Raekwon assisted with A&R, with producers such as 9th Wonder, Lex Luger, and Burd X Keyz. No Handouts was released on October 2, 2012, on Black Market. An invite-only listening party for the album, however, had been held at the IC H20 office in Toronto on May 1.  Several videos were filmed for the album, including for the track "Smoking Good." He later toured in support of the album across Canada, and in the Juno Awards of 2013 No Handouts was nominated for the Rap Recording of the Year.

2013-present: Singles, Barz Vol. 1
In July 2013 he was a guest artist on the Tony Touch track "Unorthodox," also featuring Ghostface Killah, RZA, and Raekwon. The track's album reached #14 on Top Rap Albums. On August 6, 2013, he and Bishop Lamont also were guest artists on "Kill Kill Kill" by Mad Child, included on the album Lawn Mower Man, which reached #3 on the Canadian charts.

In December 2013, former collaborator Bishop Brigante joined JD Era on the Toronto stop of Era's Do You Know Mary? Tour. The tour later traveled to Ontario, with other guests such as Rich Kidd. In January 2014, he headlined a show with Honey Cocaine, and the next month played four Ontario dates while headlining with Rich Kidd. He has performed live with artists such as Nas, GZA, Kardinal Offishall, Tyga, Drake, Method Man, Red Man, Raekwon, Rick Ross, Busta Rhymes, Gucci Mane, The Clipse, Mac Miller, Terminology, Currensy and Freddie Gibbs.

His mixtape Barz Vol. 1 was self-released in March 2014, and made available for free online. The album was mixed by DJ T.LO,  and music videos were released as well, with "Rice In Chinatown" directed by Machete Cortez, and "That Ain't My Style" produced by RoadsArt. At the same time, he also launched his website, EraDay.com. In June 2014 JD Era released the music video for his track "Mary," on his #EraFriday series of singles. The music video was directed by DubPlate Films. As of 2014 he is signed to Black Market Music, and is still managed by Major of The Product Management.

Personal life
While based in Mississauga, he has spent time living and working on music in New York City, and has performed in the UK.

Awards and nominations

Discography

Solo albums

Singles

Guest appearances

Further reading

JD Era Discography at Allmusic
JD Era Discography at Discogs

References

External links

JD Era on Facebook
JD Era on Twitter
JD Era on YouTube
JD Era/IceWaterTV on YouTube

Living people
Canadian male rappers
21st-century Canadian rappers
Rappers from Toronto
1985 births
Black Canadian musicians
21st-century Canadian male musicians


title: Don't Come Home Too Soon

text:
"Don't Come Home Too Soon" was a single released by Scottish band Del Amitri to mark the Scottish football team's qualification for the 1998 World Cup in France. The single reached No. 15 in the UK Singles Chart and topped the Scottish Singles Chart in June 1998.

Reception
The song received a mixed critical reception. Despite this, the single topped the Scottish Singles Chart for the week of 7 June 1998. On the UK Singles Chart the same week, the song debuted at No. 15, its peak position.

Charts

References

External links

1998 singles
Del Amitri songs
1998 songs
1998 in Scotland
Number-one singles in Scotland
Association football songs and chants
Scotland national football team songs
Scottish songs
Scotland at the 1998 FIFA World Cup


title: European nations at the FIFA World Cup

text:
Association football is the most popular sport in nearly every European country, and UEFA is one of the six confederations of world football's governing body FIFA. UEFA contains 55 national association members, some of which are partially or entirely located in Asia. A total of 33 of the current members of UEFA have competed at the men's FIFA World Cup, while the defunct East Germany qualified once.

European nations have won the FIFA World Cup a record 12 times.

Overview

Bold indicates year(s) of best finish

Results

Most finishes in the top four

Team results by tournament

The team ranking in each tournament is according to FIFA. The rankings, apart from the top four positions (top two in 1930), are not a result of direct competition between the teams; instead, teams eliminated in the same round are ranked by their full results in the tournament.

For each tournament, the number of teams in each finals tournament (in brackets) are shown.

Legend

Tournament standings

 Quarter-finals = knockout round of 8: 1934–1938, 1954–1970, and 1986–present; second group stage, top 8: 1974–1978
 Second round = second group stage, top 12: 1982; knockout round of 16: 1986–present

Overall team records
As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. 3 points per win, 1 point per draw and 0 points per loss.

 Breakdown of successor team records

Appearances

Ranking of teams by number of appearances

Team debuts

*This total number of UEFA teams which have participated in the World Cups through 2018 is 34, using FIFA's view on successor teams (e.g., Russia is a successor of USSR and not a separate team, whereas Ukraine is a newer separate entity).
#Israel represented AFC in the 1970 tournament.

Not qualified
22 of the 55 active FIFA and UEFA members have never qualified for the final tournament.

Legend

Footnotes

Notes

See also
2006 FIFA World Cup full team ranking
Strongest football nations by Elo Ratings
FIFA World Cup records and statistics

Association football in Europe
FIFA World Cup records and statistics


title: Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal

text:
The Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of Ciskei in 1992, for award to all ranks for service commended by the Chief of the Ciskei Defence Force.

The Ciskei Defence Force
The Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) was established upon that country's independence on 4 December 1981. The Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Ciskei Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal was instituted by the President of Ciskei in 1992. It is the junior award of a set of three decorations for merit, along with the Sandile Decoration and the Sandile Medal.

Ciskei's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the Republic of South Africa and these three decorations are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Southern Cross Decoration and Pro Merito Decoration, the Southern Cross Medal (1975) and Pro Merito Medal (1975), and the Military Merit Medal.

Award criteria
The medal could be awarded to all ranks for service commended by the Chief of the Ciskei Defence Force.

Order of wear

Since the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date. The position of the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1994, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first in April 1996 when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

Ciskei Defence Force until 26 April 1994

Official CDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Pro Merito Decoration (PMD).
 Succeeded by the Ciskei Defence Medal.
Ciskei official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Prisons Service Commendation Medal.
 Succeeded by the Police Medal for Maintenance of Law and Order.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Transkei Defence Force Medal of the Republic of Transkei.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Transkei Defence Force Medal of the Republic of Transkei.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.

South African National Defence Force from April 1996

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Merit Medal in Bronze (MMB) of Umkhonto we Sizwe.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Merit Medal in Bronze (MMB) of Umkhonto we Sizwe.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (PB) of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (PB) of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Korea Medal of the Union of South Africa.

Description
Obverse
The Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal is a medallion struck in bronze, 38 millimetres in diameter, displaying the eagle emblem of the Ciskei Defence Force framed inside a double circle, which is inscribed "CHIEF C.D.F." at the top and "COMMENDATION" below.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 5 millimetres wide green band, a 2 millimetres wide red band, a 5 millimetres wide yellow band and a 3 millimetres wide light blue band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 2 millimetres wide white band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal was discontinued when the Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.

References

Military decorations and medals of Ciskei
Awards established in 1992
Awards disestablished in 1994
1992 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments in Africa


title: Peter Snodgrass

text:
Peter Snodgrass (29 September 1817 – 25 November 1867) was a pastoralist and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council, and later, of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

Snodgrass was born in Portugal and arrived at Sydney, New South Wales, with his parents Lieutenant-Colonel Kenneth Snodgrass (later Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales) and Janet, née Wright, in December 1828. In 1838, aged 20, Peter Snodgrass travelled over 600 kilometres south from New South Wales as an overland pioneer to the Port Phillip District, becoming a successful pastoralist in what became the state of Victoria.

On New Year's Day 1840, Snodgrass was involved in a duel with a fellow pastoralist, William Ryrie, which ended farcically after Snodgrass accidentally shot himself in the toe. He was involved in a second duel, in August 1841, with barrister Redmond Barry, during which Snodgrass's pistol again discharged prematurely. On both occasions, Snodgrass's life was spared by the honourable conduct of his opponents, who chose to discharge their pistols harmlessly into the air.

Snodgrass was an early member of the Melbourne Club and a founding trustee of Scot's Church, Melbourne.

Snodgrass was elected a member of the first Victorian Legislative Council on 13 September 1851. and held the seat until the original Council was abolished in 1856. Snodgrass was then elected a member of the first Victorian Legislative Assembly and remained so until his death.

In 1846 he married Charlotte Agnes Cotton, daughter of pastoralist and ornithologist John Cotton. Charlotte survived him with six sons and three daughters. One daughter married Major-General F. G. Hughes. The eldest daughter, Janet Marian, married Sir William Clarke. Snodgrass died in South Yarra, Melbourne, Victoria, of a heart aneurism.

References

1817 births
1867 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
19th-century Australian politicians
Australian duellists


title: Ayami Mutō

text:
is a Japanese idol, singer, and model. She was represented by Amuse, Inc. from 2004 to 2015, and has been a member of three musical groups formed by the company: Karen Girl's, Sakura Gakuin, and its first sub-unit Twinklestars.

Biography
Mutō was born in a hospital in Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo, on April 29, 1996. Her father, Yoshinori Mutō is a horse trainer, and her younger brother Miyabi Mutō is a horse jockey.

Joining the talent agency Amuse, Inc. in 2004, Mutō began her career as a child model for the magazine Kids Style. In 2008, she joined the idol group Karen Girl's alongside Suzuka Nakamoto and Yuika Shima. The trio was active for one year.

In 2010, Mutō and Nakamoto joined idol group Sakura Gakuin, as one of the founding members, and as the Student Council President in the school theme of the group. Later that year, Mutō joined the group's first sub-unit Twinklestars, which acts as a school baton-twirling club. On March 25, 2012, she graduated from Sakura Gakuin.

In April 2013, Mutō began a solo project, releasing her first double cover EP, DNA1980, in July, coinciding with a series of headlining shows. In 2014, she returned to the stage to begin a solo career in major, releasing her first studio album, Eien to Shunkan, in April.

On December 16, 2015, Mutō announced on her Twitter and her profile page on Amuse that she would be going on hiatus. She continues to periodically release song covers on her personal YouTube channel.

On October 25, 2018 Mutō announced on Twitter that she will be returning to performing live on December 1, 2018.

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

EPs

Videography

Video albums

Filmography

Music videos

References

External links

Sakura Gakuin members
1996 births
Living people
Japanese idols
Japanese women singers
People from Toshima
Singers from Ibaraki Prefecture
Singers from Tokyo
A-Sketch artists


title: Labrisz Lesbian Association

text:
Labrisz Lesbian Association was founded in 1999 in Budapest, Hungary. Its purpose is making the lives and issues of lesbian, bisexual and transgender women more visible, along with seeking to aid these women with various cultural programs and discussion groups. Labrisz Lesbian Association is also one of the co-founders of the Rainbow Mission Foundation - the Foundation mainly responsible for organizing the Budapest Pride festival each year.

The name 'Labrisz' is the Hungarian word for Labrys, the ancient double-headed axe. Although it is most commonly understood to be a weapon as well as a crop harvesting tool, some claim that it was most emphatically not a weapon. It is also commonly used as a feminist and lesbian symbol around the world, associated with female empowerment.

Activities

Budapest Pride
Labrisz is one of the co-founders of the Rainbow Mission Foundation that is responsible for organizing the Pride Festival each year in Hungary. Labris organizes female-focused programs (mostly workshops) for the festival.

Labrisz Evenings
These are monthly discussion groups for lesbian, bisexual and transgender women with the primary aim of breaking closet doors, reducing social isolation, and helping to develop self-acceptance and to build a community. Topics range from literary nights to practical questions such as love, dating, relationship issues to more theoretical ones like the representation of women in society.

LGBT History Month in Hungary
Labrisz, arm-in-arm with Háttér Support Society for LGBT People in Hungary, joined the worldwide program series for the first time in February 2013. The aim of the history month is to help in understanding the life and culture of LGBT people, and (re)discover LGBT history through artistic, cultural and public-life events.

In 2014, on the II. LGBT History Month Labrisz hosted, among various other events, a carnival party where the Association's hobby band 'Pink Csikk Para Pánik Zenekar' celebrated its 10th birthday with a show. The party also featured a woman politician costume competition.

Lesbian Identities Festival
The Association organized its first Lesbian Identities Festival (LIFT) in the fall of 2005. It was Hungary's first one-day lesbian cultural program with film screenings, workshops, literary events, a lesbian herstory exhibition (for more, see below) and a lesbian party. The festival, whose main purpose is dissolving stereotypes about lesbians and making lesbian lives more visible, is organized yearly since 2007. Since 2009 the timespan of the festival fluctuates between a week and three days.

Lesbian Herstory Archive
In 2008 the association started a lesbian herstory project, making interviews with lesbians above 45 (in which they talk about living as a lesbian before the change of regime in Hungary in 1989) in order to create the basis of an archive and an edited volume. Secret Years, a documentary based on 11 interviews, was shown in the 2009 LIFT Festival, the volume of interviews with the same title, containing 16 interviews, was published in Hungarian in 2011. The documentary film is available on DVD with subtitles in 12 languages including English, German, French, Spanish, Russian and more.

Queen of Spades Game Club
This is a monthly gathering where women can play card and board games with each other. The club is open for anyone so it is a great opportunity to see old friends and meet new people as well. Until 2014 the events were held at a gay-friendly bar in the heart of Budapest.

Book publications
The Association also published a number of books relevant to the lives of lesbians in Hungarian.

Lesbian Space
Published in 1999, this is a collection of essays about lesbian herstory, politics, feminism, identity, representation and coming out.

Counterwinds: Lesbians in Fiction
Published in 2000, this is a literary anthology containing, among a great variety of others, the translated work of many notable writers such as Jeanette Winterson, Dorothy Allison and Adrienne Rich.

Not a Taboo Anymore: A Manual for Teachers on Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgenders
This is a handbook for teachers published in 2002 together with Háttér Support Society for LGBT People in Hungary. The handbook contains information materials, activities to handle the question of homosexuality, writings about school times, a dictionary, recommended readings and films, as well as the contact information of LGBT organizations. Its content is being reviewed and updated as part of the "Getting to Know LGBT People" educational programme, of which more information is shared below.

Developed Self-Portraits: Lesbian Women’s Autobiographical Writings
This is an autobiographical collection which includes letters, diaries and other autobiographical writings of lesbians from the early times till today, from Australia through America to Western and Eastern Europe. Featured lesbians include: Vita Sackville-West, Virginia Woolf, Gertrude Stein, Marlene Dietrich, Radclyffe Hall and more.

Secret Years
One of the results of the associations herstory project - a volume of 16 interviews with middle-aged or older lesbians who talk about their lives before the change of regime in 1989. The volume was published in 2011 in Hungarian and is currently in the process of being translated into English.

"Getting to Know LGBT People" educational programme
The main activity of this programme is having discussions with high school students and prospective teachers about LGBT people. The aim of the program is to foster an educational environment for students and teachers alike, where no one has to suffer from any form of harassment based on their gay, lesbian or bisexual orientation.

References

External links
 Labrisz Lesbian Association Official Website
 Lmbtszovetseg.hu

LGBT organisations in Hungary


title: Lobstick

text:
Lobsticks are traditional markers found in the Boreal Forests of Canada created by removing the middle (or  lower)  branches of a coniferous (pine) tree.

Usage

The lobstick was created by cutting off most of the lower branches of tall pine or spruce trees. The remaining tuft on the top would make the tree conspicuous from a distance. Occasionally other trees surrounding the lobstick would be cut down to further improve its visibility.  In some instances, the bark was removed and names were carved on the wood. The usages could be both practical and symbolic. Lobsticks would mark trails or portages, sources of food, or hunting grounds. They were also used as cultural markers, to signify meeting places, burial grounds, ceremonial sites, personal totems or to honour someone. Lobsticks could also be known as "lopsticks" or maypoles. Explorer Warburton Pike wrote in the 1800s: "In giving directions to a stranger it is hopeless to describe the points and bends of a monotonous river highway, but a lop-stick does the duty of a signpost and at once settles the question of locality."

History

First Nations communities used lobsticks since pre-history to mark trails and hunting grounds. The practice was later adopted by the first Europeans who travelled through northern Canada. Explorer Alexander Mackenzie found lobsticks on his travels and wrote that they "denoted the immediate abode of the natives". In 1790, voyageur Peter Pangman created a lobstick at Rocky Mountain House to mark the furthest extent of discovery along the Saskatchewan River. In the 1820s fur trader Alexander Ross found a lobstick marking the mouth of the Berens River.

Place names

Many places across Canada are named after the lobsticks that once stood there. They include:

Lobstick (town), Alberta
Lobstick Bay, Ontario
Lobstick Bay, Manitoba
Lobstick Creek, Manitoba
Lobstick Creek, Alberta
Lobstick Creek, Northwest Territories
Lobstick Island, Ontario
Lobstick Island, Saskatchewan
Lobstick Island, Alberta
Lobstick Island, British Columbia
Lobstick Island, Northwest Territories
Lobstick Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador
Lobstick Lake, Saskatchewan	Lake
Lobstick Narrows, Manitoba
Lobstick Point, Saskatchewan
Lobstick River, Alberta
Lobstick Settlement, Alberta
Maypole Island, Reindeer Lake

References

Forests of Canada


title: Students for Life of Illinois

text:
Students for Life of Illinois (or SFLI or Students for Life) is a 501c3 non-profit organization that was founded in 2006. The organization's purpose is to train collegiate anti-abortion leaders in the state of Illinois. It is not affiliated with the national organization Students for Life of America.

According to a Chicago Tribune 2009 report, young anti-abortion activists in Illinois "say they're trying to steer away from being portrayed as abrasive, confrontational and badgering" and rather focus on providing information and hold prayer services.  Michael Laughlin, 20, president of Loyola University Chicago's Students for Life, commented "'You do get the ones real upset and [who say] 'You don't know my story, where I came from, what's going on in my life, and who are you to tell me all this stuff.' I tell them: 'I don't know your story or situation, but I'm here and I want to help you,'";  the Tribune article suggests that abortion debate will continue.

Mission statement
"Our Mission is to ensure a pro-life future by providing high quality personal mentoring of pro-life student leaders on a maximum number of Illinois campuses that results in the exponential creation of compassionate, capable and passionate pro-life leaders and a contagiously pro-life campus environment."

Activities
The organization generated net revenues (revenues less fund-raising expenses) of $154k, $151k, $101k in 2012, 2011, and 2010.

Students for Life of Illinois has engaged in various activities for Illinois students:
State-Wide Conference (summit): Since 2007 - Nationally known speakers are brought in to train student activists.
March for Life (Washington, D.C.)March for Life Trip (Washington, DC): Since 2006 - Bus trips are organized for students from around the state.
March for Life Chicago: Since 2012 - SFLI serves on the planning committee and provides speakers.
Student Lobby Days - Students for Life of Illinois organizes lobby days for students from around Illinois to participate in the legislative process in Springfield, IL at the Illinois Capitol.

Speaking
SFLI staff, interns and students provide speaking services in Illinois and nationally. Topics focus on abortion and anti-abortion student involvement.

SFLI speakers focus on speaking for student organizations to train student leaders. However, their audiences and venues have also included:

The National Students for Life of America Conference
Knights of Columbus
Local Right to Life groups
The March for Life Chicago
40 Days for Life
Fundraisers
Academic Conferences
40 Film Documentary - SFLI staff and students interviewed regarding youth anti-abortion movement

Coalitions
Students for Life of Illinois has started or participated in several state and national coalitions.

 Defund Planned Parenthood - Coalition to stop government funding of Planned Parenthood including a youth contest.
 Let Parents Know - Coalition to get Illinois to enforce their parental notification law. Started by SFLI.
 SpeakOut Illinois - Coalition of anti-abortion organization in Illinois.
 Arrested for Praying - Coalition to protect an anti-abortion protester from unlawful arrest.
 Stop Illinois Foca - Coalition to stop abortion legislation in Illinois.
 Stand with Carleton - Coalition to support free speech rights of Canadian anti-abortion students.
 Stop the Abortion Mandate - Coalition to block portions of the Affordable Care Act that would mandate funding of abortion.

Other notable projects
Students for Life of Illinois has launched these other community initiatives.

What the FOCA?! - Students for Life of Illinois created the What The FOCA?! campaign, website and T-shirts gained national attention in 2009. It was a response to President Obama's campaign promise to implement the Freedom of Choice Act.
40 Days for Life Champaign - Students for Life of Illinois started and led the local 40 Days for Life campaign in Champaign, Illinois in 2009. This anti-abortion community outreach occurs each spring and fall for 40 Days.
Biking for Babies - Students for Life of Illinois created the anti-abortion fundraising event Biking for Babies in 2009. Biking for Babies split off and became a separate non-profit organization in 2012.

Awards

Students for Life of Illinois's founder, John-Paul Deddens, received the 'Witness for Life Award' from Illinois Citizens for Life in 2013.

References

External links
 Students for Life of Illinois - official site

Non-profit organizations based in Illinois
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign student organizations
Rezolvex