title: 2023 Rugby World Cup

text:
| points       = {{#expr:
 + 27 + 13 + 52 + 8 + 27 + 12 + 71 + 3 + 38 + 17 + 96 + 0 + 36 + 26 + 96 + 17 + 73 + 0 + 60 + 7
 + 82 + 8 + 18 + 3 + 59 + 16 + 76 + 0 + 8 + 13 + 45 + 17 + 84 + 0 + 49 + 18 + 36 + 14 + 45 + 24
 + 35 + 15 + 32 + 26 + 28 + 8 + 15 + 22 + 18 + 18 + 40 + 6 + 17 + 12 + 34 + 14 + 43 + 19 + 23 + 24
 + 27 + 10 + 42 + 12 + 43 + 10 + 34 + 12 + 19 + 10 + 71 + 0 + 28 + 22 + 59 + 5 + 18 + 17 + 27 + 39
 + 17 + 29 + 24 + 28 + 30 + 24 + 28 + 29
 + 6 + 44 + 15 + 16
 + 23 + 26
 + 11 + 12
}}
| attendance   = {{#expr:
 + 78680 + 35515 + 48821 + 31996 + 28627 + 63486 + 49342 + 57083 + 57672 + 58102
 + 41170 + 63586 + 31673 + 38789 + 78542 + 33189 + 46516 + 60387 + 78459 + 45042
 + 75770 + 41274 + 28700 + 41294 + 31889 + 55296 + 39862 + 41342 + 33580 + 32223
 + 63118 + 30187 + 39291 + 30500 + 38358 + 44315 + 31794 + 33963 + 47891 + 33624
 + 62576 + 78845 + 61863 + 79486
 + 77653 + 78098
 + 77674
 + 80065
}}
| apm          =
| top_scorer   =  Owen Farrell (75)
| most_tries   =  Will Jordan (8)
| best player  =
| prev  = 2019
| next = 2027
}}
The 2023 Rugby World Cup () was the  tenth men's Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for national rugby union teams. It took place in France from 8 September to 28 October 2023 in nine venues across the country. The opening game and final took place at the Stade de France, north of Paris. The tournament was held in the bicentenary year of the purported invention of the sport by William Webb Ellis.

The tournament was scheduled to last six weeks, but in February 2021 World Rugby added a week to provide additional rest days for player welfare. This meant that teams had a minimum of five days' rest for all matches. It was the fourth time France has hosted the Rugby World Cup, having previously done so in 2007 and co-hosted the 1991 Rugby World Cup and 1999 Rugby World Cup with England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. This was the last tournament to feature 20 teams taking part, as the tournament will be expanded to include 24 teams in 2027.

The defending champions were South Africa, who defeated England in the 2019 Rugby World Cup final. South Africa successfully retained their title by defeating New Zealand in the final. In doing so, they became the first team to win the tournament four times and the only nation to ever win the World Cup after losing a match in the pool stage. The result also marked their second victory over New Zealand in a final, and also their second victory in a final on French soil (following their respective victories in 1995 and 2007).

Chile made their first appearance in the tournament. Portugal returned for their second appearance, 16 years after their debut in 2007, also in France.

Host selection
World Rugby requested that any members wishing to host the 2023 event were to submit an expression of interest by June 2015. A total of six unions responded. The Italian Rugby Federation were among the members interested, but withdrew from their bid on 28 September 2016. The Argentine Rugby Union and USA Rugby both expressed their interest in hosting the event but ultimately decided against a formal bid. Three bids were officially submitted to World Rugby by the June 2017 deadline.

On 15 November 2017, the French Rugby Federation bid was chosen ahead of bids by the South African Rugby Union and the Irish Rugby Football Union. France had launched its bid on 9 February 2017.

Venues

Stadia
On 17 March 2017, twelve host cities were selected. This list was later reduced to nine cities (excluding Paris, Montpellier, and Lens):

Team base camps

Source:

Teams

Qualification

Twenty teams competed. A total of 12 teams gained automatic qualification for the tournament after finishing in the top three of their pool at the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which included France already automatically qualified as host. The remaining eight spaces were decided by regional competitions followed by a few cross-regional play-offs.

Two berths were reserved to the European region. Spain originally qualified as Europe 2, but Romania lodged an official complaint that Spain had fielded an ineligible player during the qualifying tournament. After a controversial investigation, it was concluded that the player in question had falsified his passport: Spain received a deduction of 10 points, resulting in them being effectively ejected from the competition, with Romania replacing them as Europe 2 behind Georgia, unaffected as Europe 1. Portugal then took Romania's spot in the repechage tournament as Europe 3.

In Oceania and Asia, traditional middle powers emerged, with Samoa claiming the region's place at the World Cup (Fiji, New Zealand and Australia having automatically qualified). Tonga, the second Oceanian team, then won a playoff against Hong Kong, the highest ranked Asian representative, to claim their ninth appearance at a Rugby World Cup. Hong Kong proceeded to the final repechage tournament.

In Africa, Namibia reached their seventh Rugby World Cup as Africa 1, with Kenya moving forward to the final repechage.

The Americas were allocated two qualifying berths through a series of playoff matches spanning both regions. The 2023 Rugby World Cup witnessed historic developments in North and South American rugby. Canada's absence marked the first time in history that the country failed to qualify for the tournament. Similarly, the United States found themselves excluded from the competition for the first time since 1995, representing a notable departure from previous editions. The absence of North American representation significantly shifted the regional dynamic due to unified North and South American qualification matches.

On 18 November 2022, Portugal won the repechage tournament, overcoming Kenya, Hong Kong and the United States to be the last country to qualify for the 2023 Rugby World Cup.

¹as of 4 September 2023 post warm-up matches

Squads

Each team could submit a squad of 33 players for the tournament, an increase from 31 that was allowed in 2019. The squads were to be submitted to World Rugby by 1 September. If a team needed to call-up a new player, a player must first have been withdrawn from the active 33-player squad which is usually as a consequence of a long-term injury.

On 1 May, Wales were the first team to name their extended training squad for the tournament.

Draw
The pool draw took place on 14 December 2020 in Paris. The draw returned to its traditional place of the year following the previous World Cup, after the end-of-year internationals.

The seeding system from previous Rugby World Cups was retained with the 12 automatic qualifiers from 2019 being allocated to their respective bands based on their World Rugby Rankings on 1 January 2020:

 Band 1: The four highest-ranked teams
 Band 2: The next four highest-ranked teams
 Band 3: The final four directly qualified teams

The remaining two bands were made up of the eight qualifying teams, with allocation to each band being based on the previous Rugby World Cup playing strength:
 Band 4: – Oceania 1, Europe 1, Americas 1, Asia/Pacific 1
 Band 5: – Africa 1, Europe 2, Americas 2, Final Qualifier Winner
This meant the 20 teams, qualified and qualifiers, were seeded thus (world ranking as of 1 January 2020):

Having the draw so early (almost three years before the competition) has been criticised. Changes in the World Rugby Rankings have taken place since, meaning that Pool B contained three of the top five teams (Ireland (1), South Africa (2) and Scotland (5)), while Pool A contained France (3) and New Zealand (4). Meanwhile, Pool C's highest-ranked team at the start of the tournament was Fiji (7). World Rugby CEO Alan Gilpin pledged that draws for future World Cups would be better balanced.

Preparation

Match officials
World Rugby named the following 12 referees, seven assistant referees and for the first time an expanded television match officials team of seven to handle the 48 matches.

Amongst the squad, Wayne Barnes officiated at a record fifth Rugby World Cup, while Nika Amashukeli will became the first Georgian referee in the World Cup and first Tier 2 representative to referee a game since the game turned professional. Matthew Carley, Karl Dickson and Andrew Brace made their first appearance in a World Cup as a referee and Joy Neville became the first female named on match official panel for a men’s Rugby World Cup.

Referees
  Nika Amashukeli (Georgia)
  Wayne Barnes (England)
  Nic Berry (Australia)
  Andrew Brace (Ireland)
  Matthew Carley (England)
  Karl Dickson (England)
  Angus Gardner (Australia)
  Ben O'Keeffe (New Zealand)
  Luke Pearce (England)
  Jaco Peyper (South Africa)
  Mathieu Raynal (France)
  Paul Williams (New Zealand)

Assistant referees
  Chris Busby  (Ireland)
  Pierre Brousset (France)
  James Doleman (New Zealand)
  Craig Evans (Wales)
  Andrea Piardi (Italy)
  Christophe Ridley (England)
  Jordan Way (Australia)

Television match officials  / Foul play review officer
  Brett Cronan (Australia)
  Tom Foley (England)
  Marius Jonker (South Africa)
  Brian MacNeice  (Ireland)
  Joy Neville  (Ireland)
  Brendon Pickerill (New Zealand)
  Ben Whitehouse (Wales)

Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony, directed and written by Jean Dujardin, Olivier Ferracci and Nora Matthey, took place on 8 September 2023 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, before the opening match between France and New Zealand.

Pool stage
Competing countries were divided into four pools of five teams (pools A to D). Teams in each pool played one another in a round-robin, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage.

Points allocation in pool stage

 Four points are awarded for a win.
 Two points are awarded for a draw.
 A try bonus point is awarded to teams that score four or more tries in a match.
 A losing bonus point is awarded to teams that lose a match by seven or fewer points.

Pool A

Pool B

Pool C

Pool D

Knockout stage

The knockout stage consisted of three single-elimination rounds culminating in a final and a third-place playoff. In the case of a tie in regulation time, two 10-minute periods of extra time would be played to determine a winner. If the scores were tied at the end of extra time, an additional 10-minute "sudden death" period would be played, with the first team to score any points being the winner. If the score still remained tied, a kicking competition would ensue.

Bracket

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Bronze final

Final

Statistics

Broadcasting rights

Notes

Marketing

Sponsorship

See also

 History of the Rugby World Cup

References

External links

2023
2023 in rugby union
2023–24 in French rugby union
International rugby union competitions hosted by France
Rugby World Cup
Rugby World Cup


title: Qaryat al Misḩak

text:
Qaryat al Misḩak (قرية المسحك) is a village in Saladin Province, Iraq that overlooks the banks of the Tigris River.

References

Populated places in Saladin Governorate


title: Scattered (The Kinks song)

text:
"Scattered" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. Written by Ray Davies, "Scattered" appeared as the sixteenth track from their album Phobia, and was the band's final original single (only to be followed by reissues of "You Really Got Me" and "Waterloo Sunset".)

Background

On its appearance on Phobia, "Scattered" is dedicated to Annie Florence Davies (Ray Davies' mother) and Carol Bryans (a friend of Davies's.) Both died due to cancer.

Ray Davies claimed that "Scattered" took ten years to write. Author Thomas Kitts believes that the song was initially inspired by Ray Davies' broken relationship with Pretenders leader Chrissie Hynde.

Release

"Scattered" was first released in Europe as a single in 1993, 21 days prior to the release of Phobia. The song was then released on Phobia as the closing track (except for Japan and the UK, where "Did Ya" was added as a bonus track, making "Scattered" the penultimate track). After the release of the song "Only a Dream" as the debut British single from Phobia, "Scattered" was planned to be the follow-up. Due to the underperformance of "Only a Dream", the "Scattered" single was cancelled, even though advertising for the single had been released. However, "Scattered" eventually saw release as a single in Britain in small amounts in the collectors' market during 1993. One year later, Columbia Records dropped The Kinks. It did not chart.

Reception

Although it was unsuccessful as a single, critics have praised "Scattered" as one of the best songs on Phobia. Thomas Kitts, author of Ray Davies: Not Like Everybody Else, called it "one of [Davies's] most complex lyrics and one of [Davies's] best songs of the 1990s." Rovi Staff of AllMusic cited "Scattered" as a highlight from Phobia.

References

The Kinks songs
1993 singles
Songs written by Ray Davies
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies
1993 songs
MCA Records singles


title: Danielle Crockrom

text:
Danielle Antoinette Crockrom (born February 11, 1981) is a former professional women's basketball player for the WNBA. She was the eleventh pick in the 2002 WNBA draft. She played forward for the Utah Starzz.

Baylor  statistics
Source

WNBA season statistics

References

1981 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Houston
Baylor Bears women's basketball players
Forwards (basketball)
Utah Starzz draft picks
Utah Starzz players


title: Hranush Kharatyan

text:
Hranush Kharatyan (; born 18 February 1952) is an Armenian ethnographer. She also specialises in Caucasus studies, minority groups and Armenian studies. She has been a member of the Pre-Parliament civil initiative since November 2012.

Born in the village of Dağ Cəyir, in Azerbaijan's Shamkir District, Kharatyan graduated from the Yerevan State University (YSU) with a history degree in 1975. She earned the degree of a Candidate of Sciences from the Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography in Moscow by 1979.

From 1979–1989, Kharatyan worked as a researcher at the Oriental studies Institute of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences. In 1989–1992 she was a research fellow at the Department of Ethnography at the YSU. She headed the same department between 1994 and 2000. In 1992–1993 she was the Deputy Mayor of Yerevan, Armenia's capital. She was appointed head of the Department of National Minorities and Religious Affairs in the Armenian Government in 2004, which she resigned in 2008.

Kharatyan is fluent in Armenian, Russian and has some knowledge of Azerbaijani. She is married with 2 children.

References

1952 births
Living people
Armenian ethnographers


title: Kadri Veseli

text:
Kadri Veseli (born 31 May 1967) is a Kosovar politician, former Chairman of the Assembly of Kosovo and the Kosovo Intelligence Service. He is the leader of the Democratic Party of Kosovo. Veseli was one of the founders and leaders of the Kosovo Liberation Army. He also was the chief of the Kosovo Intelligence Service, a post-war state intelligence organisation.

In 2020, he was indicted for war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Kosovo War.

Education and personal life
Veseli began his higher education studies in 1990 at the University of Pristina, in the faculty of Agriculture, and at the Higher Pedagogical School in the Albanian Language and Literature Department. Due to political circumstances, he was forced to complete the remainder of his studies in Albania. He has a bachelor's degree from the Agricultural University of Tirana, Albania, and an MBA in General Management from Sheffield University's international faculty in Thessaloniki, Greece. Veseli is currently preparing his PhD thesis in the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia.

Veseli speaks English, German and Albanian. He has four children with his wife, Violeta.

Career
Veseli was one of the leaders of the Kosovar student movement during 1988–1990, which fought for humanitarian and political rights for Kosovan Albanians, including the right for independence.

During the Kosovo War, he was appointed commander of the Counter Intelligence Service (G-2) of the KLA. He remained the leader of the organisation as it transformed into Kosovo Intelligence Service (SHIK), a post-war intelligence organisation, until its disbandment in 2008.

At the end of 2012, Veseli formally joined the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), and on January 27, 2013 he became the deputy head of the party. Veseli was voted Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo on 8 December 2014.

In May 2016, following the resignation of Hashim Thaçi to become President of the Republic, Veseli became President of the PDK by popular vote. He was elected with no votes against and no abstentions.

Following the 2017 Kosovan parliamentary election, PDK joined the PANA coalition that won a majority of parliamentary seats with 245,627 votes (33.74%). Veseli won the most votes of any coalition candidate, with 129,947 votes. Following those results, Veseli was re-elected as Chairman of the Assembly on 7 September 2017.

In the October 6th 2019 election, Veseli was the PDK's nominee for the prime ministership of Kosovo. His party took the third place with 178,637 votes (21.23%), with Veseli winning 145,881 votes.

In 2020, the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office filed a ten-count Indictment, charging Veseli and others for crimes against humanity and war crimes.

War crime accusations
On 24 June 2020, the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office located in The Hague filed a ten-count indictment for the court's consideration. The indictment charged Veseli, Hashim Thaçi, and others for crimes against humanity and war crimes, including murder, enforced disappearance of persons, persecution, and torture, allegedly occurring during the 1998-99 Kosovo War. The indictment charges the suspects with approximately 100 murders of Kosovo Albanians, Serbs, Roma, and political opponents. According to the press release, the Specialist Prosecutor stated that it was necessary to make the issue public due to repeated efforts by Thaçi and Veseli to obstruct and undermine the work of the Kosovo Specialist Chambers.

References

1966 births
Living people
Politicians from Mitrovica, Kosovo
Kosovo Liberation Army soldiers
Chairmen of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo
People indicted for war crimes
Military personnel from Mitrovica, Kosovo
People indicted by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers


title: Giulia Moi

text:
Giulia Moi (born 24 May 1971) is an Italian Member of the European Parliament for the Five Star Movement. She was elected in 2014.

She graduated with a degree in biology from the University of Cagliari and completed a PhD at King's College London entitled "Chemistry and Biological Activity of Kigelia pinnata Relevant to Skin Conditions".

She joined the Five Star Movement, with which she was elected at the 2014 European elections.

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
MEPs for Italy 2014–2019
21st-century women MEPs for Italy
Five Star Movement politicians
People from Cagliari
University of Cagliari alumni
Sardinian women


title: Lauren Scott

text:
Lauren Alex Scott is an American politician, civil rights activist and entrepreneur. In the June 2014 primary election, she won the Republican nomination for the Nevada Assembly's 30th District, earning 58% of the vote. Scott received 46% of the vote in the November 2014 general election and lost the election to incumbent Democrat Michael Sprinkle.

Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval appointed Scott to the Nevada Equal Rights Commission (NERC) in 2012.

Politics

2012 campaign
In the 2012 Republican primary election for Nevada Assembly District 30, Scott received 21 percent of the vote in her bid for the seat vacated by Democrat Debbie Smith. By garnering 65 percent of the vote, Ken Lightfoot won the Republican nomination during that election, defeating Scott and Paul Maineri.

In the general election, Ken Lightfoot lost the election with 43 percent to Michael Sprinkle's 57 percent.

2014 campaign
Scott lost the 2014 general election campaign to incumbent Democrat Michael Sprinkle.

Scott won the Nevada Assembly District 30 primary election by receiving 58 percent of the vote, allowing her to advance and represent the Republican Party in November to challenge the current Democratic incumbent, State Assemblyman Michael Sprinkle. Adam Khan unsuccessfully ran against Scott in the primary, winning 42 percent of the vote. Nevada Governor Brian Sandoval endorsed Scott, while Khan had received the endorsement of the Nevada Republican Assembly (NVRA).

2016 campaign
Scott announced that she would run again for the Nevada Assembly District 30 seat in 2016.

Civil rights activism
Scott founded Equality Nevada, Inc. in 2009 and served as the Executive Director from 2009 through 2015. Equality Nevada was organized to fight for LGBTQ equality in Nevada and it was voted one of the top grassroots organizations in Northern Nevada in 2009.

Scott supported the repeal of the military "Don't ask, don't tell" policy in 2010. A ban on military service by openly gay and lesbian service members was ruled as a violation of the US Constitution in Log Cabin Republicans v. United States of America in 2011.

In the 2011 legislative session, Scott continued to work to advance civil rights in Nevada. By working with members of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Nevada Women's Lobby and the Progressive Leadership Alliance of Nevada (PLAN), she was able to help secure the passage of transgender inclusive civil rights legislation for the first time in Nevada. She has been recognized on the floor of both the Nevada Assembly and the Senate.

During the 2013 Nevada legislative session Scott testified in support of SB139, a bill to add 'gender identity and expression' to the state hate crime statutes. The bill was signed by Governor Brian Sandoval on May 21, 2013.

Post transition life
After resigning her position as Electrical Design Manager at Plasma-Therm in 1998, Scott began her gender transition in 1999 while living in Clearwater, Florida. She co-founded a start-up company that produced high voltage power supplies, which was later acquired and rebranded as Gripping Power, Inc. in 2002.

Scott was employed as an electrical systems engineer at Biodiesel Solutions in 2007. She was laid off when Biodiesel Solutions ceased operations in 2008. She has worked as a consultant,  on business development and renewable energy issues since then.

She founded and became the president and CEO of Alkcon Corporation in 2013.

Education
Scott graduated with honors from St. Leo University with a Bachelor of Business Administration, with specializations in technology management and information systems, in 1994.

Military service

Scott enlisted in the US Air Force in 1986 and worked as a firefighter until she received an honorable discharge in 1994.

References

External links

 Not A Good Night For Trans Candidates Either by Monica Roberts (November 5, 2014), TransGriot
 Nevada might get its first transgender legislator — and she’s Republican by Whip Villarreal (July 5, 2014), Las Vegas Review-Journal
 Republicans Elect Their First Ever Transgender Candidate In Party Primary by Jean Ann Esselink (June 13, 2014) The New Civil Rights Movement
 Nevada Republican Could Become Nation's First Transgender State Legislator by Samantha Lachman (June 12, 2014) The Huffington Post
 US: Trans candidate wins Nevada Republican primary by Nick Duffy (June 12, 2014) Pink News
 Nev.'s Scott Could Be Nation's First Transgender State Legislator by Neal Broverman (March 19, 2012), The Advocate

1963 births
Living people
American LGBT military personnel
Transgender military personnel
LGBT people from Nevada
Nevada Republicans
Politicians from Milwaukee
Politicians from Reno, Nevada
Saint Leo University alumni
Transgender women politicians
American transgender people
United States Air Force airmen
Women in the United States Air Force


title: List of Knights of Sidonia characters

text:
This is a list of the characters from the manga and anime series Knights of Sidonia by Tsutomu Nihei.

Main characters

The series main protagonist, who was raised by his grandfather Hiroki Saitō deep inside Sidonia, thus he did not undergo the special genetic treatment to develop the ability to sustain himself through photosynthesis and must eat on a daily basis like a regular human for nutrition. Later it is revealed he is actually Saitō's clone, inheriting not only engineered features like fast wound recovery and immortality, but also Saitō's natural talent as a pilot and warrior. Trained since childhood on a Garde simulator, Nagate is entrusted with Saitō's Garde, the legendary Type-17 , and just like his "grandfather," he eventually becomes Sidonias top ace, saving the ship from the Gauna invasion on several occasions. Nagate later is entrusted with most advanced units, like the first prototype of Sidonias Type-19, an upgraded version of Tsugumori, the , and the first prototype of Sidonias Type-20, labeled . Initially assigned the call number TS-028, he is later designated unit 704 when he is promoted to full pilot status. Nagate later fathers a child with Tsumugi, whose consciousness now resides in one of the captured Crimson Hawk Moth samples, after Sidonia defeats the Large Mass Union Ship and colonizes the Lem star system.

A fellow Garde pilot, ranked number two among the trainees, who Nagate meets and becomes his love interest. Initially assigned to call number TS-336, she is assigned to unit 702 when she is promoted to full pilot. She is later killed and absorbed by Gauna 490, which uses her DNA and memories to develop a powerful Garde-like Gauna known as . A placenta sample resembling her is also retrieved by Nagate, and Ochiai impregnates it using human DNA to create Tsumugi and Kanata.

A Gauna/human hybrid created by Kunato Developments for fighting against the Gauna. Tsumugi is similar in size to a Garde, but has a Gauna-like appearance in the shape of a young woman wearing a dress. Tsumugi eventually becomes friends with Nagate and Izana, usually interacting with them using a tentacle she sneaks in through the ship's ventilation system while the rest of her body stays in her chambers. Tsumugi displays a gentle, curious, child-like demeanor under most circumstances, but her prowess in combat is rivaled only by Nagate's. Just like Shizuka, she eventually develops feelings for Nagate and much to her surprise, he ends up accepting them, despite her inhuman form. Tsumugi is equipped with an organic artificial kabi cannon and retractable claws made of artificial kabi. She also has a hollow chest cavity holding an organic cockpit that allows a pilot to direct and support her in battle. Tsumugi naturally generates Heigus particles within her body and is able to easily out-fly even the most advanced Garde models. Tsumugi eventually sacrifices her hybrid body to rescue Nagate from the Lem star after his battle with Chimera Ochiai, using her body as shield to protect him from the heat. Her consciousness is later transferred to one of the captured Hoshijiro-like Gauna samples from the Crimson Hawk Moths and she enters a true relationship with Nagate, eventually giving birth to a daughter, . According to Tsumugi, Hoshijiro's memories still reside within her new body, though they are vague.

Belonging to an intersex third gender that originated during the hundreds of years of human emigration into space, Izana is also a Garde pilot and quickly becomes Nagate's best friend and eventual roommate, later falling in love with him. This attraction causes Izana's body to undergo a transformation into that of a female. Izana loses an arm and a leg during a battle against the Gauna and has them replaced with prosthetic limbs that allow her to operate complex machinery with far more skill than an ordinary person. A system is also installed on Izana's Garde unit that funnels sensor and radar information directly into her brain via her artificial arm, granting her unparalleled detection abilities surpassing even Sidonias systems. She is often assigned to recon and spotting duties in battle. Initially TS-291, Izana is later assigned to unit 723. Ten years after the destruction of the Large Mass Union Ship and Sidonias colonization of the Lem star system. Izana is one of several crew members to depart on a repaired Sidonia to parts unknown.

A friend of Nagate and Izana, she later develops feelings for Nagate and competes with Izana for his attention. Initially a Garde pilot in-training with the call number TS-256, she is promoted to commander's aide after Seii returns to full-time piloting duty, eventually moving into Nagate's home. Yuhata makes a hobby of building and customizing plastic model kits of Garde units in her spare time. Ten years after Sidonia colonizes the Lem star system, Yuhata undergoes a gender reassignment process and becomes male. Yuhata also becomes commander of a repaired Sidonia, which continues on in search of more planets to colonize.

A gynoid developed with the purpose of avoiding detection from the Gauna, she is the sole survivor of a colonization expedition on the planet Lem VII. Despite refusing Nagate's help, claiming that he is responsible for the Gauna attacking Sidonia, she is rescued by him nonetheless and, without a place to return to, she is taken under his guard. Teruru claims to be unconcerned towards Nagate, but her actions usually imply otherwise. She later joins the war effort as the pilot of one of Sidonias new Mizuki-class warships. Her body has a special automatic defense mechanism built in, which activates when she feels threatened or flustered. This causes her artificial skin to harden, leaving her with a more robotic, puppet-like appearance. Being a machine, Teruru is able to survive in the vacuum of space without support, even if her body is severely damaged. Teruru is one of several crew members who decide to stay on the repaired Sidonia, departing to search for more planets to colonize.

Garde Pilots

A fellow male Garde pilot with long white hair, heir of Kunato Developments, the company developing the Type-18 Gardes that currently compose the majority of Sidonias main force. Norio ranked first during pilot training and had little respect for other trainees, developing a rivalry with Nagate given the special treatment he receives, unaware of his background or circumstances. He is initially assigned the call number TS-001, and is later assigned to unit 701 before becoming unable to pilot out of anxiety from guilt for directly causing Hoshijiro's death. His body is later taken over by Ochiai's mind and discarded once Ochiai's plan to transfer his mind to Kanata's body is complete. Norio barely survives, albeit with no memories of his time under Ochiai's control, and becomes a pilot once more. Having trained on a Tsugumori combat simulator since childhood just like Nagate, Kunato is entrusted with the Tsugumori Custom 2 after Nagate receives the more advanced Yukimori. Kunato is one of several crew members to stay on Sidonia once it is repaired.

A brown-haired female Garde pilot with the call number TS-290, Yamano is hostile and curt towards Nagate and is similarly cold and unfriendly towards her other squadmates. Yamano is in Nagate's squad during his first mission outside Sidonia and is quickly killed by the target Gauna, making her the first Gauna-related death in a century. Said Gauna takes on her form, causing much distress for her squadmates and causing Nagate to experience recurring nightmares until he eliminates the Gauna.

Leader of the Akai squad and designated unit 001. He was the youngest Gravity Cup winner and held it for 13 successive cups. Akai is killed along with his entire squad, including his girlfriend and Yuhata's older brother, during a Gauna attack on Sidonia.

Mochikuni Akai's girlfriend and member of his squad, designated unit 002. She is killed during a battle against Gauna 487.

Member of the Akai squad and designated unit 003. He is killed during a battle against Gauna 487.

Yuhata Midorikawa's older brother and a member of the Akai squad, designated unit 004. He is killed during a battle against Gauna 487.

Leader of the Samari squad and designated unit 005. A senior pilot and the original test pilot for the Type-19, before it was reassigned to Nagate due to an emergency. She is the highest ranked pilot following the deaths of the Akai squad, usually acting as field commander during missions. It is implied that Samari enters a relationship with Seii following the colonization of the Lem system.

Member of the original Samari squad and designated unit 006. He is killed during a battle against Gauna 492 when a Heigus particle blast is reflected back.

Leader of the Tsuruuchi squad and former member of the Samari squad, designated unit 007. A running gag is Tsuruuchi making advances on Samari just to be rejected by her with comic results. During the fight against Chimera Ochiai, Tsuruuchi sacrifices himself in an attempt to take it down. He is later discovered alive, albeit severely injured, and manages to eventually make a full recovery.

Leader of the Seii squad and designated unit 026, Seii is initially assistant commander before passing his post to Yuhata Midorikawa. Seii is one of the more serious and experienced Garde pilots. In the manga, Seii wears a distinctive vintage helmet that covers most of his face. Seii is the one who initially spreads the rumor about Samari photosynthesizing with male pilots who rack up high kill counts to boost pilot morale. It is implied that he eventually enters a relationship with Samari and fathers several children.

 Leader of the Imada squad (Nakazono squad in the anime), designated unit 139. He is killed along with his squadmates units 011, 217, and 312 during the initial battle against the Crimson Hawk Moth.

Eiko Yamano's younger brother, he becomes a Garde pilot and Kunato's wingmate to avenge his sister's death. Tōtarō is later hailed as a war hero for being the one to deliver the killing shot to the Large Mass Union Ship's True Body, destroying it once and for all.

Honoka sisters
Several identical clone sisters who pilots Gardes, they are chronologically five years old and have undergone accelerated growth and compressed mental training. So far twenty-two Honokas have been created, in two batches of eleven. All of the Honoka sisters possess enhanced physical strength and agility, able to leap vast distances effortlessly and cause heavy damage to objects with simple punches and kicks. Their given names are all characters that reference fire.

Oldest of the Honoka sisters, she is initially assigned the call number TS-203 and is later designated unit 703. She is critically injured in the battle against Gauna 488, the same battle Shizuka was killed in, remaining in a coma for several months. En holds some distaste for Nagate, thinking he is a pervert for walking in on her and her sisters naked more than once. She also blames him for the accident that injured her.

Pilot of unit TS-205, then unit 705. She is killed in a battle against the Crimson Hawk Moth.

Pilot of unit TS-206, then unit 706, she befriends Nagate after he helps her avenge Hō by defeating the Crimson Hawk Moth with a heavy mass bullet she saved for the occasion. She and En are often found together, with Ren being the more polite and level-headed of the two, especially where Nagate is involved. Ren defends En's behavior by stating that because of the way the Honokas are raised, they are immature despite being physically teenagers and have difficulty controlling their emotions.

Pilot of unit 707.

Pilot of unit 708.

The youngest of the Honoka sisters from the second batch of eleven, considered the most skilled pilot among them. She is killed and absorbed by the Gauna during an expedition to the Lem star. The Gauna that takes her form believes it truly is Shō and possesses her memories and personality. It soon emerges from the Gauna cluster and is revealed to be a giant. This revelation causes the Gauna to break down and destabilize, losing its Shō form just before it is swiftly eliminated by the Mizuki battleship.

The remaining Honoka sisters consist of , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

Immortal Crew Members

The mysterious female captain of Sidonia, who commands the Gardes against the Gauna's attacks. She wears a mask in public to hide her emotions and the fact that she is ageless. She was formerly a Garde pilot and friends with Nagate's grandfather, becoming his legal guardian after he emerges from the underworks. Kobayashi cares about Nagate, but is forced by the Immortal Ship Committee to assign him to all missions available, which many see as a death sentence due to the low survival rate of pilots after successive sorties. This is actually the Committee's intention, as they want Nagate to be killed before someone discovers his natural immortality. After the Immortal Ship Committee attempts to impeach and replace her, Kobayashi orders their deaths instead, assuming full control of the ship to pool its resources on the war against the Gauna without questioning. Kobayashi has a habit of spending her off time blending in with the general population, made easier by the fact that only a select few people actually know what she looks like under her mask. After the assault on the Large Mass Union Ship, Kobayashi discards her mask for good. She later elects to stay on Lem VII once it is colonized, passing command of the repaired Sidonia to Yuhata Midorikawa.

Nagate's 'grandfather' who also taught Nagate how to pilot Gardes. Saitō was Sidonias former ace pilot who saved the ship from being overrun by the Gauna 100 years before the events of the series. This was accomplished by retrieving and using the Kabizashi that Ochiai had discarded. After the battle, Saitō disappeared, just to reappear 80 years later, with his body growing old after renouncing his immortality, as he chose to die naturally. Several advanced immortal clones were grown from his DNA and when Saitō learned that the clones grown for him were going to have his memories implanted on them, he stole one of the infants and raised him by himself as a regular child, who would grow up as Nagate Tanikaze. He also taught Nagate all his piloting expertise before dying.

Izana's grandmother and an immortal crew member. Dr. Shinatose was the scientist who devised the plan to repopulate Sidonia with genetically engineered clones after its population was devastated and almost decimated in the Fourth Defensive War against the Gauna. The survivors included 25 council members and 392 citizens. Dr. Shinatose's plan would increase Sidonias population to 500,000 in 100 years (six generations), while accounting for the lost food production facilities by genetically altering its future population to photosynthesize, reducing the need to consume food to once per week. Dr. Shinatose later oversaw the development of the Gauna/human hybrid Tsumugi. Yure is among the crew members who colonize Lem VII.

A talking bear who serves as "dorm mother," taking care of Nagate's living quarters and making his food until he starts living by himself. Hiyama, a member of the original Immortal Ship Committee, was formerly a Garde pilot and served with Kobayashi and Saitō, with whom she participated in the exploration mission to an alien artifact where the Kabizashi were first discovered 600 years before the start of the series. Her bear body is actually an advanced cybernetic life support suit that sustains her human body, which is severely deteriorated due to being subjected to a severe Gauna infection, leaving only her brain unscathed. It is unknown why the suit looks like a bear, though during a flashback, she is seen in an earlier model resembling a bulky diving suit. Hiyama's right hand was lost sometime in the past and was replaced with a three-fingered mechanical claw, though it does not hinder her in any way. She strongly dislikes being addressed by her given name and only ever gave the privilege to Saitō, violently attacking anyone else who addresses her as Lala. As she sees Saitō and Nagate as one and the same, Nagate is the only other person who can get away with calling her Lala. Hiyama is possibly a nod to Nihei's manga Biomega, which features a supporting character named Kozlov, who is also a bear missing a hand. After the war, Hiyama decides to stay on Sidonia as it departs from Lem-VII in search for more planets to colonize.

The series' major antagonist, he is a scientist and researcher on the Gauna's behavior and biology who once discarded all of Sidonias Kabizashi, certain that it attracts the Gauna to them, but this has not stopped the ship from being attacked and almost overrun by the aliens. He escaped execution because a large part of Sidionia's data was transferred to a separate database that can only be accessed through his brain, thus his memories were sealed and his brain transferred to a clone of his. However, a copy of his memories was stored in a separate location and later transferred to Kunato's body, allowing him to resume his research, leading to the advent of Tsumugi and Kanata. Ochiai finally reveals himself when he transfers his memories to Kanata's body, assuming control of the Chimera and leaving Sidonia, believing that the Gauna are a superior life form. Chimera Ochiai later reappears during the assault on the Large Mass Union Ship, intending to gather enough Heigus particles to use his organic Gravitational Beam Emitter and destroy Sidonia. He is eventually killed within the Lem star by Nagate.

Other characters

A female scientist working in the Extraterrestrial Research Division (ERD) studying the Gauna and assigned to research a human-like sample extracted by Nagate. One observation she has regarding the Hoshijiro ena is that is always looks in the direction of the Kabizashi, this information is immediately classified. She is later put under mind control by Ochiai and put to work under him until she is forced to kill herself upon being questioned by her research on the Gauna.

Head of  R&D. A tall and imposing woman with a ponytail. She has a fearsome reputation and usually reprimands Nagate for bringing back his Garde damaged. Sasaki is among the crew members to colonize Lem VII.

A Toha mechanic. Made redundant after Kunato began production of Type-18 as there were no need for hand-crafted parts. His works are requested again upon the development of the more refined Type-19. He also is responsible for the maintenance of Teruru's artificial body.

Kunato's 'sister' who is killed and restored by Ochiai after he possesses the body of her brother, brainwashing her to take part on his plans. The brainwashed Mozuku participates into some battles piloting Tsumugi, before the Chimera becomes confident enough to sortie without assistance. Her original personality is eventually restored and she elects to remain on Sidonia once it is repaired.

Also known by the official designations Gauna 489, Gauna 490, and Gauna 491, the "Crimson Hawk Moths" are a trio of powerful and persistent Gauna that initially take the form of red, organic copies of Shizuka Hoshijiro's Garde, unit 702, possessing the same specifications as a Type-18 unit down to the ability to transmit radio messages over Hoshijiro's frequency. In the first encounter against the trio, Gauna 489 is destroyed, while Nagate is able to retrieve a piece of Gauna 491's placenta, which is a near perfect copy of Hoshijiro, possessing simple, infantile intelligence and wearing an organic "suit." Gauna 491 is eventually taken by Ochiai (inhabiting Kunato's body), impregnated, and used to create the Chimeras Kanata and Tsumugi, evidently dying in the process. Gauna 490 continues to pursue and attack Sidonia several times, eventually evolving into a form resembling a giant, biomechanical Hoshijiro and doing battle with Nagate and Tsumugi in the planet Lem IX's atmosphere. True Body of Gauna 490 is eventually destroyed in close combat by Nagate, and its placenta, having invaded Nagate's cockpit during the battle and again resembling Hoshijiro, is recovered and placed in storage. Tsumugi's consciousness is later transferred to one of the captured samples, overwriting what little remained of Hoshijiro's personality.

A second Gauna/Human hybrid, far more powerful than Tsumugi, but mentally unstable. Instead of being destroyed, she was put into sleep, as Captain Kobayashi is interested in the Gravitational Beam Emitter, a powerful long range weapon installed on her right eye that could help Sidonia get rid of the Gauna threat for good. Once the weapon is mass produced, Kobayashi gives orders to dismantle Kanata, but its body is hijacked by Ochiai. Nagate eventually destroys Kanata's body along with Ochiai's consciousness during a battle within the Lem star's corona.

An Aide Controller whose face is always covered by a mask.

References

Knights of Sidonia


title: William S. Hayward

text:
William S. Hayward (February 26, 1835 – November 5, 1900) was an American banker, baker, and politician who served as mayor of Providence, Rhode Island, from 1881 until 1884.

Early life
Hayward was "born and reared a poor boy" in Foster, Rhode Island. As a young man, he attended public schools and worked on a farm.

Baker
Hayward moved to Providence 1851. He was hired as an employee of bakery Rice & Hayward, which was owned by Mr. Fitz James Rice and Mr. George W. Hayward. He left the firm for a year, then returned as a salesman until 1858; then moved up to the delivery department, supplying out-of-town customers. In 1860, Hayward became a member of the firm, and the name was changed to Rice, Hayward & Company.

In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, Hayward moved to Washington, D.C., and opened another bakery branch called "Rhode Island Bakery". It supplied biscuits to soldiers stationed in Washington, D.C. When soldiers moved out of District of Columbia into Virginia early in the war, Howard sold the District of Columbia location at a loss and returned to Providence.

By 1863 Hayward bought out the business and became full owner of Rice Hayward, & Co. He later partnered again with Fitz James Rice. The company was successful. They supplied biscuits to the Union Army stationed in Rhode Island during the Civil War and grew into one of the largest bakeries in New England.

Politician
1872 Elected to the Common Council from the Sixth Ward, and was re-elected until in 1876 he was elected to the Board of Aldermen. He served as President of the Board of Aldermen from 1878 to 1880.

He was elected mayor of Providence in 1880 and held the post for three years, but declined to run for re-election in 1884. During his years in office, the city's debt was reduced by nearly $600,000.

Hayward was also a member of the board of State Charities and Corrections; commissioner of the City Sinking Fund; and a commissioner of Dexter Asylum.

Banker
Hayward was co-founder of Citizens Savings Bank in 1871, along with his bakery partners Fitz James Rice and George Hayward. He was president of the Union Trust Bank of Providence, and a director of the Eagle National and Citizens Savings Banks.

Personal life
Hayward married Lucy Maria Rice in 1859. She was the daughter of Fitz James Rice, Hayward's business partner in the bakery and fellow founder of Citizens Savings Bank.

Hayward was described as "a man of fine physique, and of commanding presence, standing over six feet, two inches in height, and weighing two hundred and twenty pounds".

Hayward was a member of What Cheer Lodge of Masons, and a member of the Union Congregational Church on Broad Street.

He died of Bright's disease after an illness of eight days and is buried in Swan Point Cemetery.

Memorials

Sixth Avenue Park, in Providence, was renamed Hayward Park in his honor in 1889. The park was demolished for construction of the interchange for Interstate 95 and Interstate 195.

References

External links
 Providence Mayors
 Biography

Mayors of Providence, Rhode Island
1900 deaths
1835 births
Burials at Swan Point Cemetery
Rhode Island Republicans
People from Foster, Rhode Island
American Freemasons
American bakers
19th-century American politicians


title: Archery at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's individual

text:
The women's individual recurve competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held from 6 to 8 October at the Gangseo Archery Field.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results

Qualification

Knockout round

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

2002 Asian Games Report, Pages 256–258
Qualification Results
Final Results

External links
Official website

Women


title: Heavy Bullets

text:
Heavy Bullets is a roguelike first-person shooter video game developed by Brazil-based indie developer Terri Vellmann and published by Devolver Digital.  The game was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux on 18 September 2014.

Gameplay
Heavy Bullets is a first-person shooter video game. The player character is armed with a pistol and a low amount of ammunition which can be retrieved upon firing. The player's objective is to battle through 8 levels and reset a security mainframe. Levels are procedurally generated. Killing enemies rewards the player with money which can be used to purchase usable and passive items. Upon death the player will not respawn, a new play-through must be started.  Money can be deposited in a bank and will carry over to the next play-through, the player can also purchase insurance to save money and items if they die.

Development
Vellman originally began working on the title as part of a game jam. The game uses the Unity engine. Music and sound was composed by American rapper Doseone. An early access build of the game launched on Steam on 15 May 2014. The full version of the game was released on 18 September 2014.

Reception

Aggregate review websites Metacritic and GameRankings assigned scores of 72/100 and 74% respectively.

References

External links
  -

2014 video games
First-person shooters
Linux games
MacOS games
Indie games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Brazil
Windows games
Devolver Digital games
Game jam video games
Early access video games


title: Kid Cannabis

text:
Kid Cannabis is a 2014 American biographical comedy-drama film. It is based on the true story of a teen named Nate Norman who dropped out of high school to build a multimillion-dollar marijuana ring by trafficking drugs with his friends through the woods across the US-Canada international border. The film was executive produced by Alan Pao, Datari Turner, Alison Lee, Rosanne Gooding-Silverwood, Mark Silverwood, Bic Tran, Mia Chang, Cain McKnight, and Steve Ware.

Plot
The plot is based on a true story and follows Nate Norman, an eighteen-year-old high school dropout, who lives with his younger brother and single mom in northern Idaho. One day while delivering pizza he encounters a wealthy customer who tells him about the money to be made through drug trafficking marijuana from Canada. Nate later reads about the potency of Canadian weed in High Times Magazine and decides to recruit his friend Topher to help him with his grand plan. On their initial run, they cross the border to search for a supplier which leads them to a man who sells them $1,800 worth of marijuana. However, they quickly discovered later that the marijuana they purchased was of lower quality than they intended to purchase.  Despite the low quality, the product proves successful and sells immediately, resulting in another run across the border. During their subsequent trip, they meet Nicole (Merritt Patterson) who sells them 300 pounds of her dad's premium quality marijuana, which would become their supply. After the success of this run and now that a high-quantity supplier has been secured, Nate secures a financier and establishes his credibility. He then recruits and trains additional friends, promising to pay them $3500 each a run. Following daily runs, they revel in their successes, indulging in lavish purchases and throwing major parties. At a party, Nate has an encounter with a rival drug trafficker, Brendan Butler, who worries he's losing business to Nate and his team. The two get into a gunfight and Brendan flees. Fearing for his business, Brendan hires two hitmen to rob and kill Nate and Topher. After a close call with the two hitmen, Nate understands the threat to his life and hires the hitmen out from under Brendan, unbeknownst to his team. The hitmen later murder Brendan and  dump his body in the woods. Topher begins working in secret with others he personally recruited on drug runs, attempting to hide this from Nate. One of these runs leads to a shady participant trying to steal some marijuana for himself by hiding it in the woods to be picked up by himself later. When he goes to retrieve there product sometime later, he is pulled over by police and convinced to be a mole. During the next run with the team, the police are already waiting to arrest everyone because of their inside source. As police arrest and interrogate the crew, everyone turns in Nate as being the ringleader of the operation. The night before he's due to be arrested, Nate’s financier alerts him of the news and encourages him to flee. Nate immediately flees to Canada but later returns after his mother is threatened with money laundering charges. At the end of the film, their whereabouts and status at the point of release are detailed.

Cast
Jonathan Daniel Brown as Nate Norman
Kenny Wormald as Topher
John C. McGinley as John Grefard
Ron Perlman as Barry Lerner
Aaron Yoo as Brendan Butler
Merritt Patterson as Nicole Grefard
Amanda Tapping as Teressia Lee Franks (Norman)
 Corey Large as Giovanni
Marz Lovejoy as Waitress

Production

The film was inspired by an article on the real Nate Norman written by Mark Binelli for Rolling Stone magazine, which was published in 2005. The story is based on the life of Nate Norman, an overweight high-school dropout and pizza delivery man in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, who built a multimillion-dollar business smuggling marijuana from Canada before eventually getting caught and sentenced to prison for 12 years. He was released early and is currently living in Coeur d’Alene.

Some scenes were shot in a marijuana-growing facility in Canada, to which the crew was driven in a van with blacked-out windows.

Music video
On October 5, 2014 rapper Andrew Canton released a music video of the movie on his YouTube page.

Reception
The film holds a 71% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 7 reviews. It also has a rating of 54 on Metacritic based on six reviews, indicating "average or mixed reviews." The Los Angeles Times noted that despite the portrayal, protagonist Nate is not treated sympathetically by the creators of the film. They also noted that Ron Perlman's performance was excellent. Slant Magazine praised director Stockwell for capturing the "half-baked hubris that often accompanies adolescence." The New York Times thought that the younger cast and Ron Perlman had a good performance, but didn't like the voice-over due to it feeling "forced and unfunny". The Hollywood Reporter enjoyed the performances, but didn't think it handled the genre shift very well.

Box Office Mojo lists total domestic theater sales, in one theater as $5,565.

References

External links

2010s biographical films
2010s crime comedy-drama films
2014 comedy films
2014 drama films
2014 films
2014 in cannabis
American biographical films
American crime comedy-drama films
American films about cannabis
Biographical films about drug traffickers
Comedy-drama films based on actual events
Films based on newspaper and magazine articles
Films directed by John Stockwell
Films set in Idaho
Films set in the 2000s
Stoner films
Works about cannabis trafficking
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


title: Priestess (album)

text:
Priestess is a live album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and keyboardist Gil Evans recorded in 1977 and performed by Evans with an orchestra featuring David Sanborn, Arthur Blythe, Lew Soloff, and George Adams.

Reception
In 1984, this album was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Group.

The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars stating "After the success of his studio sessions of the early to mid-'70s, Gil Evans primarily recorded live in concert during the remainder of his career. This is one of the better sets... the music is quite stimulating and exciting".

Track listing
 "Priestess" (Billy Harper) - 19:42
 "Short Visit" (John Simon) - 12:07
 "" (Masabumi Kikuchi) - 4:19
 "Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Blue Silk" (Charles Mingus) - 4:40

Personnel
Gil Evans - piano, arranger, conductor
Lew Soloff - trumpet, piccolo trumpet
Hannibal Marvin Peterson, Ernie Royal - trumpet
Jimmy Knepper - trombone
John Clark - French horn
Howard Johnson, Bob Stewart - tuba
Arthur Blythe, David Sanborn - alto saxophone
George Adams - tenor saxophone
Pete Levin - synthesizer, clavinet
Keith Loving - guitar
 - bass
Sue Evans - drums

References

1983 live albums
Gil Evans live albums
Albums arranged by Gil Evans
Antilles Records live albums


title: Frequent subtree mining

text:
In computer science, frequent subtree mining is the problem of finding all patterns in a given database whose support (a metric related to its number of occurrences in other subtrees) is over a given threshold. It is a more general form of the maximum agreement subtree problem.

Definition
Frequent subtree mining is the problem of trying to find all of the patterns whose "support" is over a certain user-specified level, where "support" is calculated as the number of trees in a database which have at least one subtree isomorphic to a given pattern.

Formal definition
The problem of frequent subtree mining has been formally defined as:

Given a threshold minfreq, a class of trees , a transitive subtree relation  between trees , a finite set of trees , the frequent subtree mining problem is the problem of finding all trees  such that no two trees in  are isomorphic and

where  is an anti-monotone function such that if  then

TreeMiner

In 2002, Mohammed J. Zaki introduced TreeMiner, an efficient algorithm for solving the frequent subtree mining problem, which used a "scope list" to represent tree nodes and which was contrasted with PatternMatcher, an algorithm based on pattern matching.

Definitions

Induced sub-trees
A sub-tree  is an induced sub-tree of  if and only if  and . In other words, any two nodes in S that are directly connected by an edge is also directly connected in T. For any node A and B in S, if node A is the parent of node B in S, then node A must also be the parent of node B in T.

Embedded sub-trees
A sub-tree  is an embedded sub-tree of  if and only if  and two endpoint nodes of any edge in S are on the same path from the root to a leaf node in T. In other words, for any node A and B in S, if node A is the parent of node B in S, then node A must be an ancestor of node B in T. Any induced sub-trees are also embedded sub-trees, and thus the concept of embedded sub-trees is a generalization of induced sub-trees. As such embedded sub-trees characterizes the hidden patterns in a tree that are missing in traditional induced sub-tree mining. A sub-tree of size k is often called a k-sub-tree.

Support
The support of a sub-tree is the number of trees in a database that contains the sub-tree. A sub-tree is  frequent if its support is not less than a user-specified threshold (often denoted as minsup). The goal of TreeMiner is to find all embedded sub-trees that have support at least the minimum support.

String representation of trees
There are several different ways of encoding a tree structure. TreeMiner uses string representations of trees for efficient tree manipulation and support counting. Initially the string is set to . Starting from the root of the tree, node labels are added to the string in depth-first search order. -1 is added to the string whenever the search process backtracks from a child to its parent. For example, a simple binary tree with root labelled A, a left child labelled B and right child labelled C can be represented by a string A B -1 C -1.

Prefix equivalence class
Two k-sub-trees are said to be in the same prefix equivalence class if the string representation of them are identical up to the (k-1)-th node. In other words, all elements in a prefix equivalence class only differ by the last node. For example, two trees with string representation A B -1 C -1 and A B -1 D -1 are in the prefix equivalence class A B with elements (C, 0) and (D,0). An element of a prefix class is specified by the node label paired with the 0-based depth first index of the node it is attached to. In this example, both elements of prefix class A B are attached to the root, which has an index of 0.

Scope
The scope of a node A is given by a pair of numbers  where l and r are the minimum and maximum node index in the sub-tree rooted at A. In other words, l is the index of A, and r is the index of the rightmost leaf among the descendants of A. As such the index of any descendant of A must lie in the scope of A, which will be a very useful property when counting the support of sub-trees.

Algorithm

Candidate generation
Frequent sub-tree patterns follow the anti-monotone property. In other words, the support of a k-sub-tree is less than or equal to the support of its (k-1)-sub-trees. Only super patterns of known frequent patterns can possibly be frequent. By utilizing this property, k-sub-trees candidates can be generated based on frequent (k-1)-sub-trees through prefix class extension. Let C be a prefix equivalence class with two elements (x,i) and (y,j). Let C' be the class representing the extension of element (x,i). The elements of C' are added by performing join operation on the two (k-1)-sub-trees in C. The join operation on (x,i) and (y,j) is defined as the following.

 If , then add (y,j) to C'.
 If , then add (y,j) and (y, ni) to C' where ni the depth-first index of x in C
 If , no possible element can be added to C'

This operation is repeated for any two ordered, but not necessarily distinct elements in C to construct the extended prefix classes of k-sub-trees.

Scope-list representation
TreeMiner performs depth first candidate generation using scope-list representation of sub-trees to facilitate faster support counting. A k-sub-tree S can be representation by a triplet (t,m,s) where t is the tree id the sub-tree comes from, m is the prefix match label, and s the scope of the last node in S. Depending on how S occurs in different trees across the database, S can have different scope-list representation. TreeMiner defines scope-list join that performs class extension on scope-list representation of sub-trees. Two elements (x,i) and (y,j) can be joined if there exists two sub-trees and  that satisfy either of the following conditions.

 In-scope test: , which corresponds to the case when .
 Out-scope test: , which correspond to the case when .

By keeping track of distinct tree ids used in the scope-list tests, the support of sub-trees can be calculated efficiently.

Applications
Domains in which frequent subtree mining is useful tend to involve complex relationships between data entities: for instance, the analysis of XML documents often requires frequent subtree mining. Another domain where this is useful is the web usage mining problem: since the actions taken by users when visiting a web site can be recorded and categorized in many different ways, complex databases of trees need to be analyzed with frequent subtree mining. Other domains in which frequent subtree mining is useful include computational biology, RNA structure analysis, pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and analysis of the KEGG GLYCAN database.

Challenges
Checking whether a pattern (or a transaction) supports a given subgraph is an NP-complete problem, since it is an NP-complete instance of the subgraph isomorphism problem. Furthermore, due to combinatorial explosion, according to Lei et al., "mining all frequent subtree patterns becomes infeasible for a large and dense tree database".

References

Computational problems in graph theory


title: Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project

text:
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is a non-governmental organization specializing in disaggregated conflict data collection, analysis, and crisis mapping. ACLED codes the dates, actors, locations, fatalities, and types of all reported political violence and demonstration events around the world in real time. As of 2022, ACLED has recorded more than 1.3 million individual events globally. In addition to data collection, the ACLED team conducts analysis to describe, explore, and test conflict scenarios, with analysis made freely available to the public for non-commercial use.

Team and history

Since 2014, ACLED has operated as a US 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated in Wisconsin.  Data are collected and analyzed by teams of researchers based around the world. ACLED is led by founder and executive director Prof. Clionadh Raleigh, a professor of political violence and geography at the University of Sussex, and operated by director of research & innovation Dr. Roudabeh Kishi and director of programs & operations Olivia Russell.

In 2005, ACLED began as a component of Prof. Raleigh's PhD work, with a focus on African states. She developed the idea while on a fellowship at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). Initial data collection covered six Central African states and three West African states. In 2008, while Prof. Raleigh was employed at Trinity College Dublin, ACLED expanded to cover the 50 least developed countries, with a concentration on African states. This led to the first version of the data in 2009 (pilot), which was tested with ground-truthing methods in 2010. The dataset was introduced by Raleigh and co-authors in a 2010 paper in the Journal of Peace Research. Subsequently, Version 2 was released in 2011, Version 3 in 2012, and Version 4 in 2013. Each version extended and revised collections of political violence and protest data in African states.

New additions – including remote violence and revised terminology – were added in Versions 5, 6, and 7. Version 8 expanded to include 14 states in South and Southeast Asia as well as 15 in the Middle East. This release brought the total number of countries covered to 79. Following the release of Version 8, and encouraged by a partnership with The University of Texas at Austin, ACLED transitioned to a dynamic project that collects data in real time and releases updates on a weekly basis.

In 2019, ACLED introduced new event and sub-event types to improve the project's core methodology. By 2020, the project expanded geographic coverage to Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the United States. In 2022, ACLED completed a final geographic expansion to Canada, Oceania, Antarctica, and all remaining small states and territories.

Data
The ACLED project codes reported information on the type, agents, location, date, and other characteristics of political violence events, demonstrations, and select politically relevant non-violent events. ACLED focuses on tracking a range of violent and non-violent actions by political agents, including governments, rebels, militias, identity groups, political parties, external actors, rioters, protesters, and civilians.

ACLED data are derived from a wide range of local, regional, and national sources and the information is collected by trained data experts worldwide. In addition to traditional media, government reports, and select new media sources, ACLED has a wide-ranging network of local data collection partners on the ground. ACLED currently has over 50 local partners all over the world and integrates data from more than 1,200 non-English sources publishing in more than 100 languages.

The dataset has different coverage periods for different regions and countries, as back-coding remains ongoing: all African countries are covered starting from 1997 to the present; Middle Eastern countries are covered from 2016 to the present, with the exception of Yemen (2015–present), Saudi Arabia (2015–present), and Syria (2017–present); South and Southeast Asian countries are covered from 2010 to the present, with the exception of India (2016–present), Indonesia (2015–present), the Philippines (2016–present), and Malaysia (2018–present); all Eastern European countries are covered from 2018 to the present; all Western European countries are covered from 2020 to the present; all countries in Central Asia & the Caucasus are covered from 2018 to the present, with the exception of Afghanistan (2017–present); all countries in Latin America & the Caribbean are covered from 2018 to the present; all countries in East Asia are covered from 2018 to the present; the United States of America is covered from 2020 to the present; Canada is covered from 2021 to the present; and all countries and territories in Oceania are covered from 2021 to the present. In 2022, ACLED expanded to the entire world with all regions being covered in real time.

A full account of definitions, practices, source, and coding procedures is available in the Resource Library section of the ACLED website. Data are updated in real time and can be downloaded from the website's Data Export Tool, the website's Curated Data Files, or directly from the ACLED API. ACLED provides a codebook intended for all users of the dataset as well as additional FAQs and guides.

Analysis
Data-driven analysis of political violence and demonstration trends can be found on the ACLED website, including weekly regional overviews, briefings, reports, and infographics. ACLED has also launched a range of special initiatives to broaden the scope and depth of coverage by spotlighting key conflicts and providing the public with new tools to better analyze the data.

Special projects
ACLED regularly establishes new special projects to improve and deepen existing coverage of political violence and disorder around the world. ACLED and its partner organizations have created multiple local conflict observatories to enhance data collection efforts in low-information conflict contexts and offer additional analysis through weekly and monthly updates.

In partnership with Zitamar News and MediaFax, ACLED launched Cabo Ligado — or 'connected cape' — in 2020 to monitor political violence in Mozambique. The project supports real-time data collection on the insurgency in the country's northern Cabo Delgado province and provides cutting-edge analysis of the latest conflict trends. The project's weekly and monthly reports are published in both English and Portuguese. The team also produces a podcast released twice weekly in Portuguese, Swahili, Emakwa, Shimakonde, and Kimwanithe.

In 2021, ACLED launched the Ethiopia Peace Observatory (EPO), a conflict observatory to enhance local data collection and analysis on political violence and protest trends across Ethiopia. The EPO produces a regular bulletin of conflict news in Amharic and English, weekly updates on all active conflicts, monthly analysis of major developments, special reports on emerging trends and thematic issues, as well as actor profiles, conflict profiles, and summaries of political violence dynamics across Ethiopia's different regions.

The Early Warning Research Hub provides a suite of interactive resources aimed at supporting data-driven initiatives to anticipate and respond to emerging crises. These tools include the Subnational Threat & Surge Trackers to track and map subnational conflict spikes; the Volatility & Risk Predictability Index to track the frequency and intensity of conflict surges; the Conflict Change Map to identify countries at risk of rising political violence; and the Emerging Actor Tracker to monitor the proliferation of new non-state actors.

ACLED's Conflict Pulse is an actor prediction and modeling tool. This tool features an interactive dashboard to track predicted trends in conflict actor behavior a week into the future or to explore historical predictions.

When Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, ACLED created a dedicated research hub on the Ukraine Crisis to provide near real-time information on the conflict, including a curated data file, interactive data visualization tools, and weekly analysis of violence patterns in Ukraine, Russia, and the broader region.

Additionally, in 2022, ACLED launched the Yemen Truce Monitor tool to support analysis of conflict trends during the UN-sponsored truce and allow users to track violations as they are reported. The interactive tool is updated weekly with the latest data on reported violations.

Research produced by past special projects are also still available on ACLED's website, including ACLED-Religion and the COVID-19 Disorder Tracker. ACLED-Religion was a pilot project collecting real-time data on religious repression and disorder. Building off ACLED's core methodology, ACLED-Religion introduced new event types to capture religion-related violence and harassment while adding further information about religious dynamics and actors to existing ACLED data. The pilot project covered seven countries in the Middle East and North Africa: Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, and Yemen.

The COVID-19 Disorder Tracker (CDT) provided special coverage of the pandemic's impact on political violence and protest trends around the world, monitoring changes in demonstration activity, state repression, mob attacks, overall rates of armed conflict, and more.

Uses and users of ACLED
ACLED data and analysis is regularly used to inform journalism, academic research, and public discourse on conflict, and to support the work of practitioners and policymakers. ACLED is a critical resource for data-driven policy analysis and decision-making aimed at preventing and resolving conflict around the world.

Policymakers
ACLED data are routinely used and referenced by development practitioners, humanitarian agencies, and policymakers, including several United Nations offices and affiliates.

ACLED data on political violence targeting women (PVTW) fueled a global conversation on violence against women in politics and ultimately contributed to the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 2493. In June 2019, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres personally commented that he was "shocked" by the prevalence of PVTW, indicating that the new ACLED data had expanded his understanding of the situation and reinforced his policy position to "protect and promote women's participation in political life." In October 2019, the Secretary-General's official report to the Security Council on Women, Peace, and Security laid out the UN's priorities concerning the implementation of UNSC resolutions 1325 (2000) and 2122 (2013) on Women, Peace, and Security, explicitly citing ACLED's new data to underscore the goal of "protecting and promoting the human rights of women and girls, in conflict settings and humanitarian emergencies."

The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has employed ACLED data and analysis in its Calls for Action urging better-coordinated response from humanitarian actors and increased support from funders to close resource gaps. ACLED data are also regularly used in OCHA monitoring of humanitarian and security developments in places like in the Sahel, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, the Lake Chad Basin, and Nigeria.

Other UN entities utilizing ACLED data include: UN Peacekeeping, UN Women, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, among others.

ACLED provides the fields of peacebuilding, development, and humanitarian aid with high-quality data that reflects local conflict and insecurity trends. This has enabled organizations like the World Bank, NATO, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Health Organization, among others to respond to crises with objective, unbiased data on political violence and disorder in near real time.

Many governments and government entities use ACLED data extensively for domestic and foreign policy decisions, including in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, nearly every European country, Australia, and New Zealand.

The European Union (EU) uses ACLED data to track trends in global disorder and to better understand the impact of emerging crises around the world. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI), as well as the European External Action Service (EEAS), rely on the Global Conflict Risk Index (GCRI) and their monthly reports, which draws on ACLED data to contribute to situational awareness across the EU.

Also in Europe, the Belgian Government, the Federal Foreign Office for Migration in Germany, the German Parliament, the French Government, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, the Central Bank of Ireland, and the United Kingdom Home Office all frequently engage with ACLED data to inform domestic and foreign policymaking. For example, the Belgian and French governments use ACLED data to support the production of country of origin reports for asylum seekers and refugees.

In North America, the Government of Canada, the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, and the Peace and Stabilization Operations Program in Canada make use of ACLED data. The US Government extensively uses ACLED's data for a wide range of policy initiatives and decision-making at both federal and state levels. For example, the US Mission to Ethiopia recently reported that ACLED data are important for making decisions about intra-country travel, while the US Congress frequently uses the dataset to support policy initiatives related to the war in Yemen. The Department of Homeland Security's Fusion Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have utilized ACLED data on far-right violence in the United States. ACLED research has also been shared by former President Barack Obama.

Additional government entities and policymakers that make use of ACLED data include the African Union, the Ministry of Finance of Japan, the Australian Department of Defense, the Ghanaian Armed Forces, and country embassies in Mozambique, Somalia, Indonesia, Senegal, and Kenya, among others.

Policymakers
International and local NGOs such as Action on Armed Violence, Amnesty International, Center for Social Change, Center for Civilians in Conflict, Darfur Women Action, Deep South Watch, European Asylum Support Office, Genocide Watch, Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, Mercy Corps, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), International Justice Mission, International Rescue Committee, International Women's Peace Group, Sahel Watch, Save the Children, UNICEF, United Against Inhumanity, World Food Programme and many others use ACLED data and analysis to design data-driven programming that better responds to the needs of their beneficiaries and make more granular assessments based on specific local contexts. The ICRC uses ACLED data for humanitarian analysis and data mapping in their areas of operation. Mercy Corps has drawn on ACLED data to identify "aid deserts" where the high level of conflict prevents aid workers from reaching certain areas, as well as to track potential security threats to their humanitarian operations. Peacebuilding organizations such as Search for Common Ground employ the data as an indicator for their Global Impact Framework.

Academics and think tanks
Scholars, students, and academic researchers frequently make use of ACLED data and analysis in their work on protest and political violence. Regular users represent a wide range of institutions around the world, including Aarhus University, Ahmadu Bello University, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Blanquerna University, Bowdoin College, Brown University, Catholic University of Bukavu, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Columbia University, Cornell University, Debark University, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Georgia Institute of Technology, Ghent University, Harvard University, Indian Statistical Institute, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico, Iran Broadcasting University, Johns Hopkins University, Kadir Has University, Koreatech University, King's College London, Koç Üniversitesi, London School of Economics, LUISS University in Rome, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, New York University, Osun State University, Oxford University, Palacký University Olomouc, Princeton University, Qatar University, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sabanci University,  Saint Petersburg State University, Sciences Po Paris, SOAS, Sorbonne University, Stanford University, Trinity College Dublin, UCLA, Uganda Martyrs University, University De Ouagadougou, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Universität Passau, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, University of Alberta, University of Basel, University of Bonn, University of British Columbia, University of Cambridge, University of Chile, University of Copenhagen, University of Dschang,  University of the Free State, University of Glasgow, University of Hong Kong, University of Ibadan, University of Johannesburg, University of Juba, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Malta, University of Pennsylvania, University of São Paulo, University of Southern California, University of Sussex, University of Tripoli, University of Tokyo, Uppsala University, Victoria University of Wellington, and Yale University, among others.

Think tanks such as the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Asian Development Bank Institute, Asylum Research Consultancy, the Brookings Institution, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the Carter Center, CEDOCA, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Conflict and Resilience Research Institute Canada, the Council on Foreign Relations, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, German Institute of Global and Area Studies, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Crops Research Institute, International Peace and Security Institute, International Peace Information Service, International for Security Studies Africa, Meira Mattos Institute, Nile Institute for Peace and Development, Peace Research Institute Oslo, Stimson Center, and the Swiss Peace Foundation, among others, regularly utilize ACLED data for research and to inform policy recommendations. The Council on Foreign Relations draws on ACLED data for their Sub-Saharan Africa Security Tracker. The Sub-Saharan Security Tracker (SST) uses over three million data points to map the state of political violence, and deaths caused by such violence, in the region, including geographic distribution, trends over time, and actors involved.

News media
ACLED data and analysis are regularly cited in media reports on conflict trends. In 2021, ACLED earned over 17,000 media mentions. The data are used by a wide range of major international, national, and local outlets all around the world, including NPR, Reuters, CBC Radio Canada, Bloomberg News, Agence France Presse, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Washington Post, CNN, The Telegraph, The Independent, Buzzfeed News, Al Jazeera, Middle East Eye, the Associated Press, Le Monde, the BBC, National Geographic, The Economist, The Atlantic, Africa Check, OZY, VICE News, the Daily Beast, Sky News, the Financial Times, Middle East Eye, Channel 4, Voice of America, USA Today, Rolling Stone, ProPublica, PBS Frontline, La Croix, Televisa Mexico, El Universal, Iran International, and El Pais, among others. In 2019, The Mail & Guardian listed ACLED as "the most comprehensive database of conflict incidents around the world."

Blogs
Political scientist, data analyst, and forecaster Jay Ulfelder blogged about his experience trying to use the ACLED to see if it added predictive power in estimating the probability of coups, and explained both how he approached the problem and why he eventually concluded that the ACLED data did not add predictive power for coup forecasting. However, 23 successful and unsuccessful changes in power through coups have occurred across Africa since 1997. Recent research suggests that coup risk is related to the size and stability of a leader's cabinet, and not episodes of political violence preceding coups. A post by Thomas Zeitzoff at the Political Violence at a Glance blog listed the ACLED as one of several "high-profile datasets." Patrick Meier blogged about it at irevolution.net.

See also

Casualty recording
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), a program closely cooperating with the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone
Global Terrorism Database
Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research

References

External links

ACLED publications

Political databases


title: Inna Utkina

text:
Inna Alfredovna Utkina née Bekker () is a former pair skater. She competed for the Soviet Union as Inna Bekker with partner Sergei Likhanski, becoming a two-time World Junior medalist (silver in 1982, bronze in 1983) and the 1983 Nebelhorn Trophy champion. They were coached by Irina Rodnina in Moscow.

After retiring from competition, Utkina became a coach in Moscow. She has coached Lubov Iliushechkina / Nodari Maisuradze, Anastasia Martiusheva / Alexei Rogonov, Maria Paliakova / Nikita Bochkov, and others.

Utkina is originally from Temirtau, Kazakhstan.

Competitive highlights
(with Likhanski)

References

Living people
Figure skaters from Moscow
Russian figure skating coaches
Soviet female pair skaters
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Female sports coaches


title: Ek Baar Chale Aao

text:
Ek Baar Chale Aao is a 1983 social film by Abdul Sattar Khan starring Deepti Naval and Farooq Shaikh in the lead roles. It was released on 20 January 1983.

Plot
Dharam Das has found an ideal groom for his sister in Din Dayal, who agrees to wed her. However, on the day of the wedding, Din demands an exorbitant amount of dowry, and when Dharam is unable to come up with it, breaks off all ties, returns home, and marries another woman. This completely devastates the Das family, the to-be bride kills herself, and the shock of her death kills her father, and Dharam swears to avenge this humiliation at all and any costs. Years later Din has a daughter by the name of Gulab, who is in love with Kamal, the son of Dharam. When Dharam finds out, he is enraged and refuses to permit Kamal to marry her, but when Kamal insists, Dharam reconsiders and permits the marriage to take place. After the marriage, Gulab is found in the bridal chamber with another man, Ravi; while Kamal is nowhere to be found. The next day Dharam takes Gulab back to Din's house and demands that he be paid 25 Lakhs as dowry. A bewildered Din, who had put all this in the past, is unable to come up with the money, but agrees to keep Gulab with him, get her divorced and remarried to Madan Lal. The question remains where was Kamal on the night of his marriage, and was he also involved in this plot to humiliate Din?

Soundtrack

Cast

References

1983 films
1980s Hindi-language films


title: Puzzlejuice

text:
Puzzlejuice is a 2012 indie puzzle video game for iOS produced and developed by video game company Sirvo. The game is a combination of Tetris, tile-matching, and Boggle: players rearrange falling tetromino blocks into rows of similar colors, which turn into letters that are cleared from the board by forming words. The fast-paced game also includes challenges and power-ups. The development team consisted of three people; programmer Asher Vollmer initially developed the game alone, before reaching out to artist Greg Wohlwend for advice on the aesthetics. Composer Jimmy Hinson produced the game's music.

The game was released January 19, 2012 to what video game review score aggregator Metacritic called "generally favorable" reviews. Multiple reviewers mentioned the difficulty involved in juggling the three game components simultaneously. The game was released on Android through publisher GameClub on June 19, 2020.

Gameplay
 In Puzzlejuice, the player turns falling tetrominos into letters, and those letters into words and points. The player taps and drags on the touchscreen to rotate and position multicolored tetrominos that fall from the top of the screen. When the player completes a solid row of tiles, or arranges the fallen blocks such that four or more like-colored tiles touch, the color tiles turn into letters. Players connect these letter tiles with their eight adjacent tiles (in ordinal directions) to make words. Words of sufficient length are cleared from play as well as their adjacent tilesthus longer words clear more blocks. The iPhone version shows a magnified version of the tile obscured by the player's finger near the finger. The game has been compared to a cross between Boggle, Tetris, and tile-matching.

The game also offers objectives to be accomplished over multiple sessions, like making a six-letter word, or clearing three or more rows at once. This unlocks power-ups that occasionally provide opportunities such as halting the rate of new tetromino drops, and removing blocks from the screen. Up to three power-ups can be selected to be used in each game.

The object of the game is to get the highest score. There are two play modes: Zen and Core. There is a 90-second time limit in Zen mode. In Core mode, players play until the screen fills with poorly placed tetrominos, similar to Tetris. Core has two difficulties. On the easiest difficulty, three-letter words suffice, but harder modes require five-letter words at a minimum. A score multiplier grows as players maintain a combo of multiple words created in succession, and resets if players are too slow. Scores are uploaded to Game Center.

Development
 Puzzlejuice was built by a group called Collaboratory and later renamed Sirvo. The three-person team consisted of programmer Asher Vollmer, artist Greg Wohlwend, and composer Jimmy Hinson. The game began as Vollmer's idea. He later reached out to Wohlwend for aesthetic advice, which resulted in a 365-message chain email and the final product. Wohlwend and Vollmer did not speak a word to each otheror use a medium outside of Gmail and Twitterthroughout the entire development process. The title was inspired by what Vollmer described as the "EXTREME" American culture of the 1990s, exemplified by the board game Crossfire and juice-filled Gushers fruit snacks. A similar game, Spelltower, was released during Puzzlejuices development, but Vollmer and Wohlwend ultimately considered their game sufficiently different to proceed. Puzzlejuice was selected for the PAX 10, a spotlighted group of indie games, in July 2012. The game was released as a universal app for iPhone and iPad on January 19, 2012. Vollmer expressed an interest in bringing the game to Steam Greenlight in August 2012.

Reception

The game received "generally favorable" reviews, according to video game review score aggregator Metacritic. Multiple reviewers compared its core mechanics to a combination of Boggle, Tetris, and a tile-matching game, such as Bejeweled or Puyo Puyo. Comparing word games, Edge called it the "fast-paced action-adventure" to Spelltower "survival horror". Multiple reviewers mentioned the difficulty in mentally balancing the various components of the game, which VideoGamer.com compared to "doing open heart surgery while playing Dance Dance Revolution.

Edge suggested playing on the game's hardest difficulty, which they found the most engaging. They called it "mayhem, ... elegantly handled". Pocket Gamer Harry Slater said the game "forces your brain to think in ways that it's never been asked to before". Edge compared the game's challenges to Jetpack Joyride missions, and complimented the connection between Vollmer's "magpie" design and Wohlwend's "luminously flat pastel-colored art". Phil Eaves of Slide to Play wrote that the player should play with headphones or else miss a "wonderful" chiptune soundtrack.

Edge called the game "too hectic and exhausting" to return to often.  VideoGamer.com Mark Brown struggled with registering the right input on the small screen, and found himself inadvertently making words from letters instead of moving color blocks. Slide to Play Eaves was also troubled by the controls, and recommended the iPad version for the extra screen space. Pocket Gamer Slater said it was too easy to clear the board with three-letter words, and thus that the design execution was not as robust as the concept, never being "more than the sum of its strange combination of parts". While TouchArcade Troy Woodfield called the gameplay "not ... totally original" in how it combines three common game ideas, he still found the combination "a stroke of genius", and highly recommended the game as "a breath of fresh air". Brown of VideoGamer.com agreed that Puzzlejuice distinguished itself from the crowded iOS puzzle game genre, and Slide to Play Eaves called its balance between game types "perfect".

References

External links

Indie games
IOS games
GameClub games
Puzzle video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
2012 video games


title: Donatella Albano

text:
Donatella Albano (born 21 January 1958) is an Italian politician from the Democratic Party of Italy. As of 2014 she serves as Senator of the Parliament of Italy representing Liguria.

References

1958 births
Living people
People from Bordighera
Senators of Legislature XVII of Italy
Democratic Party (Italy) politicians
21st-century Italian politicians
21st-century Italian women politicians
Women members of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)


title: Masters W35 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W35 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Masters W40 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W40 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Masters W45 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W45 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: K. maculata

text:
K. maculata may refer to:

 Karatausia maculata, a jewel beetle
 Kassina maculata, a running frog


title: Masters W50 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W50 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Masters W55 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W55 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Masters W60 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W60 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Infant Jesus School, Kalibo

text:
Infant Jesus School (IJS) is a private semi-sectarian school established in 1988, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports recognized the Elementary department in 1993 and the High School department in 1999. The school also serves as the External Testing Center for admission to De La Salle University.

History

Under the inspiration and patronage of
the Holy Child Jesus, the school started in
1988 with 67 pupils in  primary grades.
In the second year of operation, the
enrollment increased which prompted the school to transfer from Pastrana Street to Roxas
Avenue and then to Osmena Avenue, Kalibo in the following years.

	With the growing number of enrollees, the school moved on to complete preschool and grade school with the first 14 graduates in 1992, and eventually recognized by the government.

	To accommodate the growing population, the school transferred to its acquired site in Mabini Extension in 1993.  After several years of unstable administration, the new board of trustees took over the school in 1995 headed by the new President, Mrs. Merle L. Altas.  To set direction for the school, the board of trustees requested the supervision of Jimmy Boy H. Estrellas starting in 1995 until he eventually became full-time school director in 1997.  He initiated improvements in facilities, curriculum, discipline, religious dimension and resource mobilization.

	With the battle cry "Big Dreams Start from Small Beginnings," and a vision of complete basic Christian education in the new millennium - 2000, the school was granted government permit to operate secondary course starting with First Year in 1996.  It was eventually granted government recognition in 1999, a year before the first high school graduates – the millennium batch of 2000.

	To maximize the limited area of only 1000 sqm., the old dilapidated buildings were converted for vertical expansion. The right wing was named Sto. Niño Building in honor of the school's patron, for the first high school classrooms. The other building, known as St. Joseph’s Building was converted into three-story with rooftop Function Hall and was completed in the summer of 2003. It was also in the same year that the school acquired part of the lot for the construction of the temporary canteen, quadrangle and basketball court.  To complete the vertical expansion, the Blessed Virgin Mary main building was constructed in 2006 to house the administrative offices, Library, Audio-Visual Room, Science and Computer Labs.  These three-adjoined buildings were dedicated to the Holy Family, whose intercession made IJS what it is today.

	Divine providence is clearly a source of inspiration for the school's 25 years of existence.  With the onset of K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education, the school started with the horizontal expansion by acquiring the adjacent area for the construction of the proposed Senior High School Building and Covered Court.

See also
 List of schools in Kalibo, Aklan

References

Schools
Schools in Aklan


title: Masters W65 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W65 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions


title: Masters W70 1500 metres world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the 1500 metres W70 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics 1500 m list

Masters athletics world record progressions