title: Jangarek

text:
Jangarek or Jangark () may refer to:
 Jangarek-e Bala
 Jangarek-e Pain


title: Florida Keys Eco-Discovery Center

text:
The Florida Keys Eco-Discovery Center is a natural history museum in Key West.
Its exhibits cover the plants and animals of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It is operated by Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, the South Florida Water Management District, Everglades National Park, Dry Tortugas National Park, the National Wildlife Refuges of the Florida Keys and Eastern National. Admission is free.

See also
List of museums in Florida

References

External links

Museums in Key West, Florida
Natural history museums in Florida
Nature centers in Florida


title: Joseph Narh Adinkra

text:
Major General Joseph Narh Adinkra is a Ghanaian military officer who served as Chief of Army Staff of the Ghana Army from 31 March 2009 to 4 April 2013.

Military career

In March 2009, Adinkra was appointed as Chief of the Army Staff in a total change in the army high command under President John Atta-Mills. Before his appointment as the Chief of the Army Staff, he was the General Officer Commanding of the Northern Command of the Ghana Army.

References

Living people
Alumni of the Accra Academy
Year of birth missing (living people)
Chiefs of Army Staff (Ghana)


title: Kallah Sakan

text:
Kallah Sakan or Kalleh Sakan () may refer to:
 Kallah Sakan, Chabahar
 Kallah Sakan, Khash


title: Mohammad Bazar

text:
Mohammad Bazar may refer to:
Ali Mohammad Bazar, a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, Central District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Mohammad Bazar, Birbhum, a village in Mohammad Bazar CD Block, Suri Sadar subdivision, Birbhum district, West Bengal, India
Mohammad Bazar (community development block), a community development block that forms an administrative division in Suri Sadar subdivision, Birbhum district West Bengal, India


title: Mehrab Bazar

text:
Mehrab Bazar (, also Romanized as Mehrāb Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 7 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Morad Mohammad Bazar, Chabahar

text:
Morad Mohammad Bazar (, also Romanized as Morād Moḩammad Bāzār; also known as Seh Rāhī Talang) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 351, in 84 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Morid Bazar

text:
Morid Bazar (, also Romanized as Morīd Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 244, in 45 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Red Bud Historic District

text:
The Red Bud Historic District is a commercial and residential historic district which includes the originally developed portions of Red Bud, Illinois, United States. The district is centered on Main and Market Streets, the primary roads through the city. One hundred and ninety-five buildings and structures, including 138 contributing buildings, are included in the district. The oldest building in the district, the Greek Revival Durfee and Crozier Store, dates from 1855, seven years after Red Bud was platted. The community rapidly developed between the 1850s and 1880s, and architectural styles from these decades are prominently represented in the district. The Federal and Italianate styles are the two most prevalent in the district, the latter being an especially popular commercial design. Gothic Revival churches, Second Empire buildings, and a number of German-style cottages can also be found in the district. Development and population growth in Red Bud remained stable in Red Bud from the 1890s through most of the 20th century, and the historically developed core makes up most of the modern city.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1979.

References

Federal architecture in Illinois
Gothic Revival architecture in Illinois
Italianate architecture in Illinois
Second Empire architecture in Illinois
Geography of Randolph County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Randolph County, Illinois
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois


title: Murder of Lorenzo González Cacho

text:
Lorenzo Ahmed González Cacho (November 29, 2001 – March 9, 2010) was an eight-year-old Puerto Rican boy who was murdered in his home in Dorado, Puerto Rico, on March 9, 2010. At the time of his death, his mother, Ana Cacho, and two sisters were at the house.

The case has gained notoriety in the island for the discrepancies and irregularities surrounding the evidence and testimonies about it, which initially led to the boy's mother along with three males to be labeled potential suspects by the island's Secretary of Justice at the time Guillermo Somoza. However, on March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Justice Department announced that the mother along with the three men, were no longer suspects.

The Department of Justice confirmed on March 7, 2016, that charges be filed for the crime of first degree murder against Luis Gustavo Rivera Seijo, better known as "El Manco", for the child's death. On April 28, 2016, charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped due to total lack of evidence (DNA, fingerprints, etc.) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho's residence. On June 7, 2016, in a trial on appeal, the charges against Rivera Seijo were dropped again due to total lack of evidence (DNA, fingerprints, etc.) that could prove the presence of Rivera Seijo in Cacho's residence.

Background
Lorenzo González Cacho was born on November 29, 2001. He was the  middle child of Ahmed Alí González and Ana Cacho out of three. The couple also had two daughters. From an early age, González showed interest in sports, and was active in a soccer team. He was studying at Dorado Academy in his hometown. At the time of Lorenzo's death, his parents were in the process of divorcing. Also, at that time, his sisters were approximately 13 and 5 years old.

Death
On March 9, 2010, Ana Cacho took Lorenzo to the Treatment and Diagnostic Center in Dorado, Puerto Rico. Cacho arrived between 5:00 and 5:30 am with Lorenzo covered in blood. The child was pronounced dead at the clinic. Upon questioning, Cacho claimed that her son had fallen from his bed at their home in Dorado del Mar. However, this version was discarded by the autopsy which revealed severe injuries to the face and head, which included three stabbing wounds to the face.

Suspects
Although no charges have been filed, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice had identified four people considered suspects in the death of Lorenzo. However, on March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice announced that all four were no longer suspects.

Ana I. Cacho González – Lorenzo's mother. She was identified as a suspect by the Department of Justice on March 19, 2010. Her two daughters were also removed from her home on March 30, 2010, and they haven't had contact since. Through the process, Cacho has insisted that she is innocent.  On March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice announced that she was no longer a suspect.
Jesús Jenaro Camacho – Cacho's boyfriend at the time of the murder. He was identified as a suspect on October 26, 2011. He denies being in the house when the incident occurred. He has also maintained that he is innocent. On March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice announced that he was no longer a suspect.
Arnaldo "Naldy" Colón – A friend of Cacho. It has been rumored he was at the house the night of the murder. On March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice announced that he was no longer a suspect.
William Marrero Rivera – Federal agent working for the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). He was identified as a suspect in August 2012 by the authorities. Allegedly he was also present in Cacho's house the night of the murder. On March 9, 2015, on the 5th anniversary of the murder, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice announced that he was no longer a suspect.
Luis Gustavo Rivera Seijo – better known as "El Manco", a homeless man missing his left forearm, who grew up in the same neighborhood and was incorrectly released from jail the night of the murder was also previously identified as a suspect, allegedly Rivera Seijo confessed to the crime, but the authorities discarded his involvement due to lack of evidence confirming his admission. He was previously diagnosed with a mental disorder.
On March 8, 2016, the Judge Jessica Morales, determined probable cause for arrest for murder against Luis Gustavo Rivera Seijo aka "El Manco" for Lorenzo González Cacho's death. Charges of Negligence, justice obstruction and suspicion of murder for the previously accused had been retired due to a total lack of forensic evidence to even confirm the presence of Rivera Seijo at the crime scene.

Controversy
The case gained widespread notoriety throughout the island when the gossip-news show SuperXclusivo, started following it closely. While following the case, a number of irregularities were alleged. Among these is the crime scene, which was not secured and was cleaned after it had already been seen by investigators, but before forensics could thoroughly analyze it.
Ana Cacho's father met with the governor at the time, Luis Fortuño, and handed him a mysterious envelope.
The secretary of Justice at the time, Antonio Sagardía, resigned to his post and became Ana Cacho's lawyer, and expressed that she was a victim of the media, although this was seen as unethical by many. Of the other three previous suspects, only Jenaro Camacho has given a public interview.

"El Manco" who was accused of the murder in March 2016, was shown to have been diagnosed with mental problems. He had confessed at the beginning of the investigation and several other times, sometimes retracting his confessions. His confessions weren't considered valid at first, because according to authorities they didn't add up and the claimed murder weapon was never found. Some believe him to have confessed because he prefers jail to being homeless. On April 28, 2016, another Judge explained the confession was full of errors and that there is no evidence (DNA, fingerprints, etc.) that could prove the presence of "El Manco" in Cacho's residence.

See also
Death of Caylee Anthony, 2-year-old American child whose mother was accused of her murder
Death of Liliana Barbarita Cepeda
List of unsolved murders

References

2001 births
2010 deaths
2010 in Puerto Rico
2010 murders in Puerto Rico
Deaths by person in Puerto Rico
Incidents of violence against boys
Male murder victims
March 2010 crimes
Murdered Puerto Rican children
People murdered in Puerto Rico
Unsolved murders in Puerto Rico
March 2010 events in insular areas of the United States


title: Rinfret, Quebec

text:
Rinfret is a railway junction in the city of Saint-Jérôme in the Canadian province of Quebec.

It is located at mile 36.4 of the Montfort Spur of the Quebec Gatineau Railway. Its latitude and longitude are , also written as
.

One reference states that one of the lines that meet at this junction was built by the Great Northern Railway of Canada, which was later acquired by Canadian Northern Railway.

See also
Rinfret (list of notable persons with the surname Rinfret)

References

Railway stations in Laurentides
Saint-Jérôme


title: Florida Maritime Museum

text:
The Florida Maritime Museum is a museum, sponsored by Manatee County Clerk of Circuit Courts, located on almost  of land known as the Cortez Nature Preserve within the historic fishing village of Cortez, Florida.

The museum tells a number of stories pertaining to all aspects of Florida’s maritime history. Exhibits include historic photographs, boat models, tools, instruments, and other historic artifacts. The museum also features a large collection of shells from the Gulf of Mexico and a research library with a variety of books, plans, logs, diaries, periodicals, letters, records and related archival material whose content is relevant to research concerning maritime subjects, with special emphases on Florida’s Gulf Coast. The museum is also home to The Folk School, which teaches traditional Florida maritime skills and folk art.

The museum is housed in a 1912 schoolhouse building at 4415 119th Street West. Other historic structures located on the site include the 1890 Burton/Bratton Store, a wooden cistern, and the 1907 Pillsbury Boatshop.

Mission
The Florida Maritime Museum's mission is to collect, preserve and share traditional knowledge, cultural artifacts and personal stories specific to Florida’s fishing and maritime heritage.

Historic Structures and Grounds
The Florida Maritime Museum is located on almost 4 acres of land that include native plant gardens, fountains, a chickee hut, historic structures, and maritime objects. The grounds are open to the public from dusk to dawn.

1912 Cortez Rural Graded Schoolhouse
The Cortez Rural Graded Schoolhouse was constructed in 1912 as one of six schools built by Manatee County that year. It replaced an older one-room structure that still stands in the village. Originally three rooms (two classrooms and a principal's office), the school underwent a Federal Works Progress Administration program in 1933 where the middle room, used as a principal's office, was extended into an auditorium with a stage, forming a T-shaped floor plan. The building was used as a school until 1961, when it was leased to an art school. It was ultimately bought in 1974 by Robert Sailors, a master weaver, who converted the old classrooms and auditorium into his studios and home, respectively. Sailors lived and worked in the building until his passing in 1995. In 1999, Manatee County purchased the property and carefully restored the building. In 2007, it was reopened as the Florida Maritime Museum. The Cortez Schoolhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Cortez Historic District.

Robert Sailors' Secret Garden and Butterfly Garden
In 1974, Robert Sailors, a master weaver, purchased the Cortez Schoolhouse and transformed the property into his studio and living quarters. Sailors added two patios to the exterior of the schoolhouse, with one featuring a water sculpture of blue ceramic tile and lead-glass windows. Today, the Florida Maritime Museum continues to maintain the water sculpture as well as other sculptures featured throughout the grounds.

1890 Burton/Bratton Store

In the 1890s, William C. Bratton built the first commercial building at Hunter's Point, the original name of the area that would eventually be called Cortez. The building served as post office, general store and steamboat wharf and connected the village's fishing families with the outside world. In 1900, rooms were added creating an inn, which became known at the Albion Inn. Expanded over time, the Albion Inn, along with the 1912 Cortez Schoolhouse, served as refuge for the displaced residents of the small village during the destructive 1921 hurricane. In 1974, the inn closed and the property was sold to the US Coast Guard. A community effort spearheaded by the Cortez Village Historical Society and the Florida Institute for Saltwater Heritage (F.I.S.H.) saved the store from demolition in 1991. It was moved to this site in 2006. After renovations, the old store was reopened as a part of the Florida Maritime Museum in 2018. It currently houses museum collections upstairs and serves as office space downstairs.

Pillsbury Boat Shop
Edward Ithamar Pillsbury (1844-1930) started the Snead Island Boat Works on Snead Island in 1907. The Pillsbury Boat Shop was the first building constructed at the Snead Island Boat Works and named in honor of his son, Asa Harmon Pillsbury (1900-1985). As the boat works grew to accommodate the demand for larger boats, additional buildings were added to the complex, and the original building was modified for use as a machine shop, housing a lathe, small milling machine, and other metal working tools. Eventually the property was sold in 1930s, and the Pillsburys moved the structure to their home three miles away. It served as a machine shop there, too and was used to repair the Pillsbury dredging company's equipment. In 2007, the historic boat shop was transported, with sheriff escort, from Palmetto to the Florida Maritime Museum in Cortez.

Anchor of the Steamship 'Mistletoe'
The Florida Maritime Museum's grounds feature the anchor of the steamship the 'Mistletoe.' The steamship, owned by Tampa fisherman John Savarese, regularly brought passengers and goods from Tampa to Sarasota. The steamship stopped throughout Manatee County, including Bradenton and Cortez, until sinking in a hurricane in 1910. Shortly after she sank, the steamship was raised, renovated and rechristened 'The City of Sarasota' in 1911. She continued to carry passengers and cargo from Tampa to Sarasota until 1917. Pillsbury Boat Works on Snead Island purchased the steamship and converted her into a barge for a short time before pulling her ashore and burning her.

Marine Railway Winch
The railway winch located on the Florida Maritime Museum's grounds was used to haul large boats out of the water and into a repair station or dry-dock. The winch has a carriage pivotally connected to a support frame near the front of the carriage, and on a traverse horizontal axis. The rear of the support frame is provided with support abutments that are adjustable to accommodate the contour of the boat. A cable loop extends from a submerged pulley at the other end of the railway, and engages a winch activated by a remote control unit. The carriage is interposed in one side of the loop. This winch was used in the local area until the late 1980s. This unit’s last location was the Rivertown Boatworks located on the Manatee River in Bradenton.

Collections

The Blake Banks Collection
Captain Blake Banks was a successful Cortez fisherman with a passion for sea life. His collection is well documented, making it especially important academically. All of his specimens were collected in the Gulf of Mexico, some of which were eventually donated to the Florida Maritime Museum by his widow, Betty. Researchers and volunteers at the museum have been working studiously to create a chart that serves as a snapshot of where these specimens were collected.

Ship Models
Many of the models on display at the Florida Maritime Museum are miniature versions of real ships that played a role in Florida’s maritime history.

Maritime Library
The Florida Maritime Museum is home to a small library of books on maritime topics that range from tales of old Florida to boat building and design. In addition to books, the museum houses a collection of boat plans, nautical charts and other archival materials that are available for scholarly research.

The Folk School at the Florida Maritime Museum
The Folk School, which began in January 2017, enables the Florida Maritime Museum to take their mission a step further with hands-on classes formulated to not only learn and preserve classic skills, but to share stories, build community and grow appreciation for the history of Cortez and the greater surrounding area.

See also
List of museums in Florida

References

External links
Florida Maritime Museum website
Florida Maritime Museum Research Library
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation, filed under Florida Maritime Museum, 4415 119th Street West, Cortez, Manatee County, FL:

Museums in Manatee County, Florida
Maritime museums in Florida
Shell museums
Historic American Engineering Record in Florida


title: Semantria

text:
Semantria is owned by sentiment analysis company Lexalytics, from which it was spun out in 2011.  Semantria offers text analysis via API and Excel plugin. It differs from Lexalytics in that it is offered via API and Excel plugin, and in that it incorporates a bigger knowledge base and uses deep learning.

History
Semantria was founded by in February 2011 in an attempt to bring sentiment analysis to a larger audience.  Its goal was to make the process accessible for under $1,000 USD in less than three minutes. Semantria continues to support the largest number of languages by any single SaaS sentiment analysis vendor. This ambitious start led to Semantria receiving a five star rating from Tech World Australia a year after it was founded. This early success lead the acquisition of several important accounts in retail, market research, consumer reviews and social media marketing.

Semantria continued successfully despite never accepting venture funding.  In November 2013, Semantria announced a partnership with Diffbot: Diffbot would undertake the task of identifying the most important passages of a document and Semantria would then perform text analysis using those passages. According to a January 2014 press release, Semantria grew its revenues by 600% supported by the Oracle Eloqua platform. Later that year, in the summer of 2014, Lexalytics acquired Semantria for around $10 million USD.

Media coverage
In November 2013, GigaOm listed Semantria as one of the top startups using deep learning, along with AlchemyAPI, Cortica, and Ersatz.

References

External links

Software companies based in Massachusetts
Defunct software companies of the United States


title: Nadekan-e Jami

text:
Nadekan-e Jami (, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Jamʿī; also known as Nadakān, Nadehkān, Nadehkān Dashar, Nadeh Kān-e Jowm‘ī, and Nadekān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 30 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Charlotte Posenenske

text:
Charlotte Posenenske, née Mayer  (1930–1985) was a German artist associated with the minimalist movement who predominantly worked in sculpture, but also produced paintings and works on paper. Posenenske created series of sculptures that explored systems and structures derived from mass production and standardization.

Background
Posenenske was born in Wiesbaden, Germany. Her father was Jewish. Due to the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany, he killed himself when Posenenske was aged nine. Two years after this, Charlotte Posenenske went in to hiding to avoid persecution Before becoming a painter and sculptor, Posensenske worked several years as a set and costume designer. Posenenske studied painting with Willi Baumeister in the early 1950s at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart. She began creating her own artworks in 1956.

Career
Posenenske worked in a variety of mediums, her practice becoming more abstract through the course of the 1960s. After early, improvised “art informel” paintings made with a palette knife or spray gun, she in 1967 and 1968 turned to industrially inspired sculptures of aluminum, steel or cardboard, whose modular components could be combined and reproduced at will. While other artists of the period worked in multiples, where a finite edition of a work could be produced, Posenenske worked in series, meaning that there was no limit to the editions. Her approach toward art was highly democratic. Posenenske rejected the commercial art market, offering her work for sale at its material cost. Reconstructions authorised by the artist’s estate are not replicas, and they are outwardly identical to the original prototype. Only the certificate differentiates the unsigned work from other commodities.

Posenenske's Vierkantrohre Serie (Square Tube Series) consisted of industrially manufactured steel tubes similar in appearance to air conditioning shafts. Her work is similar to ready-mades in appearance, but Posenenske directed production of materials in her work process. Posenenske was an early proponent of inviting interactivity to her artwork through choreographed performances and audience participation. She invited artists and curators to freely rearrange and add to her work in several exhibitions.

In 1968 Posenenske published a statement in the journal Art International referencing the reproducibility of her works, and her desire for the concept and ownership of the piece to be accessible:

I make series
because I do not want to make individual pieces for individuals,
in order to have elements combinable within a system,
in order to make something that is repeatable, objective,
and because it is economical.
The series can be prototypes for mass-production.
[...]
They are less and less recognisable as "works of art."
The objects are not intended to represent anything other than what they are.

Poseneske stopped working as an artist in 1968, no longer believing that art could influence social behavior or draw attention to social inequalities. She retrained as a sociologist and became a specialist in employment and industrial working practices, particularly assembly line production, until her death in 1985. During this period of self-imposed exile Posenenske refused to visit any exhibitions, and did not show her work.

Work in collections
Untitled, oil on paper, 1960, collection of Museum of Modern Art, New York
Untitled, felt-tip pen on paper, 1965, collection of Museum of Modern Art, New York
Untitled, spray paint on paper, 1966, collection of Museum of Modern Art, New York
Sprayed Picture, gouache on paper, 1964-5, collection of Tate, London
Prototype for Revolving Vane, particle board, 1967-8, collection of Tate
Square Tubes [Series D], galvanised steel, 1967, collection of Tate
Square Tubes [Series D], galvanized steel, 1967, collection of Tate
 155 works held by the Dia Art Foundation, New York.
4 Series B Reliefs (Prototypes), Standard RAL acrylic spray matte yellow on convex curved aluminium, 1967, Centro de Artes Visuales Fundación Helga de Alvear

Selected solo exhibitions
2019 Charlotte Posenenske: Lexicon of Infinite Movement, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, the Netherlands
2019 Charlotte Posenenske: Work in Progress, Dia:Beacon, Beacon, New York, United States
2012 Dasselbe anders, Düsseldorf, K21, Düsseldorf, Germany
2012 Dasselbe anders/Immer dasselbe Charlotte Posenenske und Peter Roehr, Kunsthaus Wiesbaden, Germany
2011 Le même autrement-The same, but different, Galerie Nelson-Freeman, Paris, France
2011 Charlotte Posenenske, John Hansard Gallery, Southampton, UK
2011 Charlotte Posenenske. Vierkantrohre, Reliefs, Faltungen und Arbeiten auf Papier, Galerie Konrad Fischer, Düsseldorf, Germany
2010 Charlotte Posenenske / Peter Roehr, Haus Konstruktiv, Zürich, Switzerland
2010 Charlotte Posenenske, Artists Space, New York, US
2008 Peter Freeman, Inc., New York, US
2008 Charlotte Posenenske - Werke unter freiem Himmel, Galerie Mehdi Chouakri, Berlin, Germany
2007 Charlotte Posenenske, Galerie Mehdi Chouakri, Berlin, Germany
2007 Charlotte Posenenske, Between Bridges, London, UK
2005 Galerie im Taxispalais, Innsbruck, Austria
2005 Charlotte Posenenske - Retrospektive, Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Siegen, Germany
2003 Galerie Konstantin Adamopoulos, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1999 Galerie ak, Programm Konstantin Adamopoulos, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1990 Museum für Moderne Kunst (at the Jahrhunderthalle Hoechst), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1989 Garage of the City Hall, Stuttgart; Rotunda of the Neue Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart
1989 Central Station, Stuttgart (curator Werner Esser), Germany
1989 Headquarter of the Deutsche Bank, Frankfurt am Main; Central Station, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1988 Central Market, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1986 Galerie Paul Maenz, Cologne, Germany
1986 Main airplane hangar, Lufthansa, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1986 Galerie Grässlin-Ehrhardt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1968 Galerie Art & Project, Amsterdam, Netherlands
1968 Galerie Dorothea Loehr, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1967 Konrad Fischer Galerie, Düsseldorf, Germany
1967 Kleine Galerie, Schwenningen, Germany
1967 Galerie Sous-Sol, Giessen, Germany
1967 Galerie h, Hanover, Germany
1966 Galerie Dorothea Loehr, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
1961 Galerie Dorothea Loehr, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Selected group exhibitions
2012: Art House Wiesbaden: the same different / always the same: Posenenske and Peter Roehr
2011: Museum of Modern Art, Frankfurt am Main, exhibition: MMK 1991–2011. 20 years presence
2010: Museum of Modern Art, Frankfurt am Main, in the exhibition Radical Conceptual
2010: House Structurally, Zurich
2007 Documenta 12, Kassel

References

Further reading
Renate Wiehager ed., Charlotte Posenenske, 1930 – 1985, Hatje Cantz, 2009.
Charlotte Posenenske, 'Statement', Art International, no. 5, May 1968.
Charlotte Posenenske/Peter Roehr: The Same Thing Another Way/Always the Same Thing, exhibition catalogue, Kunsthaus Wiesbaden, 2012.
Charlotte Posenenske: the early works, Distanz Verlag, 2012.

Minimalist artists
German abstract artists
1930 births
1985 deaths
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century German architects
20th-century German women artists


title: Nadekan-e Gurmi

text:
Nadekan-e Gurmi (, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Gūrmī; also known as Nadeh Kān-e Gūrmī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 262, in 45 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Nadekan-e Shafi Mohammad

text:
Nadekan-e Shafi Mohammad (, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Shafī‘ Moḩammad) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 11 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Nadekan-e Shahdad

text:
Nadekan-e Shahdad (, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Shahdād) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 68, in 16 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Niambit

text:
Niambit (, also Romanized as Nīāmbīt; also known as Nāmbīt) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 156, in 24 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Emmanuel Akwei Addo

text:
Emmanuel Nii Akwei Addo (10 September 1943 - 7 February 2017) was a Ghanaian lawyer and judge. He was Ghana's Solicitor-General at the Office of the Attorney-General from 1998 to 2002. Addo was nominated a Justice of the Court of Appeal in Ghana in 2002 by President John Kufuor and retired from the court in  2007.

Early life and education
Addo was born in Accra on 10 September 1943 to Emmanuel Addoquaye Addo and Rose Finola Addo (née Aryee).

Addo was enrolled at the Methodist Primary School in Koforidua and later Government Boys School in Kumasi between 1949 and 1957 for his elementary education. In 1958, he furthered his education at Accra Academy where he obtained the Ordinary level certificate in 1962 and Mfantsipim School where he obtained the Advanced level certificate in 1964. In 1965, he entered University of Ghana where he read the LLB programme, graduating in 1968. He studied at the Ghana School of Law and was called to the Ghanaian Bar in 1969. Addo studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge for an M. A. in Public International Law received in 1978.

Career
In 1970, Addo joined the Attorney-General's Office in Accra and was in the same year, posted to the Attorney-General's Office in Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana. In 1973 he was put in charge of the Attorney General's Office in Ho and headed the office for the next seven years. In 1974, Addo was a member of the Ghanaian delegation on the Ghana-Togo Border Demarcation Commission. From 1979 to 1989 he was the Regional Representative of the Attorney General's Office in Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana.

In 1987, he was appointed a member of the Yendi reconciliation committee by the PNDC government to implement the Supreme Court Judgement on the Yendi Skin Dispute. He was then appointed to serve as director of the International Law Division of the Ministry of Justice.

In 1989, Addo was promoted chief state attorney and seconded to Ghana's Ministry of Foreign Affairs as director of the Legal and Consular Bureau and worked as legal advisor to the ministry from 1989 to 1998. From this position, he served on the sixth legal committee of the U.N. General Assembly. In 1997, he was elected a member of the International Law Commission of the United Nations for its forty-ninth session and remained a member until its fifty-eighth session held in 2006.

In 2002, he was nominated as a judge of Court of Appeal and was sworn in on the 18th June 2002. In 2005, he became the United Nations independent expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan. He served for five years as a judge retiring in 2007. In 2009, Addo was nominated by President John Atta-Mills to serve as Chairman of an inter ministerial review committee to re-examine the agreement concluded between Ghana and Vodafone on Ghana Telecom.

Personal life
Addo was a Christian and a member of the Methodist Church. Addo married Pamela Nyuietor Tay on 5th April in 1975 in Ho. They had three children; David-Tufa Nii Adotey Addo, Stephanie Naa Adoley Addo and Naa Adorkor Addo.

References

Alumni of the Accra Academy
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
United Nations experts
1943 births
2017 deaths
Ghanaian officials of the United Nations


title: Navazan Khorram

text:
Navazan Khorram (, also Romanized as Navāzān Khorram) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 35, in 8 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Nukabad-e Janglian

text:
Nukabad-e Janglian (, also Romanized as Nūkābād-e Janglīān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 10 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Gatluak Deng Garang

text:
Gatluak Deng Garang (March 1953 – January 13, 2014) was a South Sudanese politician and general. He served as the Chairman of the Southern Sudan Coordination Council from 2001 to 2002 and the Governor of Upper Nile from 2008 to 2009 prior to the country's independence from Sudan.

Born in Nasir, Sudan, (present-day South Sudan), he died from an illness in Cairo, Egypt, on January 13, 2014, at the age of 59.

References

1953 births
2014 deaths
South Sudanese military personnel
South Sudanese state governors
People from Upper Nile (state)


title: Nur Mohammad Bazar

text:
Nur Mohammad Bazar (, also Romanized as Nūr Moḩammad Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran.

Population
At the 2006 census, its population was 135, in 26 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Nur Mohammad Dartakideh

text:
Nur Mohammad Dartakideh (, also Romanized as Nūr Moḩammad Dartakīdeh) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 16 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Monosyntaxis bipunctata

text:
Monosyntaxis bipunctata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1904. It is found in New Guinea, where it is found in mountainous areas, particularly the Central Mountains. It is also found in Papua New Guinea.

The species is very similar to Monosyntaxis fojaensis. Females are easily distinguished by the different coloured hindwings, but males can be distinguished only by the difference in the antennae.

References

Lithosiina
Moths described in 1904


title: Panjshanbeh Bazar, Chabahar

text:
Panjshanbeh Bazar (, also Romanized as Panjshanbeh Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 40 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Petti, Chabahar

text:
Petti (, also Romanized as Pettī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 348, in 57 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Petti Mohammad Jadgal

text:
Petti Mohammad Jadgal (, also Romanized as Pettī Moḩammad Jadgāl) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 40, in 8 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Papuasyntaxis

text:
Papuasyntaxis is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Rob de Vos in 2009. Its only species, Papuasyntaxis metallescens, was first described by Walter Rothschild in 1912. It is known only from central Papua Indonesia; however, it is probably also present in the central western part of Papua New Guinea.

References

Lithosiina
Moths described in 1912
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Indonesia


title: Monosyntaxis persimilis

text:
Monosyntaxis persimilis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1912. It is found in New Guinea, where it is distributed in mountainous areas in the central part of the island, up to the Wandammen Mountains in the west. It is also found in Papua New Guinea.

References

Lithosiina
Moths described in 1912


title: Nadekan

text:
Nadekan or Nadakan (), also rendered as Nadehkan or Nadeh Kan, may refer to:
 Nadekan-e Jami
 Nadekan-e Gurmi
 Nadekan-e Shafi Mohammad
 Nadekan-e Shahdad


title: Semi-submersible naval vessel

text:
A semi-submersible naval vessel is a hybrid warship, that combines the properties of a surface ship and submarine by using water ballast to partially immerse and minimize its above-waterline profile, thereby improving its stealth characteristics when in hostile waters. The  was an antecedent to such craft with its low-profile deck and gun turret. Russian and North Korean semi-submersible naval vessels evolved from torpedo boats and special forces boats that could partially submerge (sometimes to snorkel depth) to perform their missions. The US Navy SEALs use such vessels for clandestine special forces actions. Efforts to embody advantageous surface-ship characteristics into submarines have not been widely adopted.

Antecedent

USS Monitor was an iron-hulled, steam-powered warship—built during the American Civil War—as the first ironclad warship commissioned by the Union Navy. The Monitor is noted for its role in the Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862, when it fought indecisively against the casemate ironclad, . The novel design of the ship, distinguished by its revolving turret and low profile, was quickly duplicated and established the monitor type of warship for use in shallow coastal waters. Its low-freeboard deck—only  above the water—with a single gun turret gave it the appearance of a "cheesebox on a raft", according to observers of the time. The designer, John Ericsson, had deliberately minimized the observable surface of the vessel and the area that it presented as a target. The Monitor was not designed to be semi-submersible, however.

True semi-submersibles

Examples of true semi-submersible naval vessels were developed in the Russian Empire, North Korea and the United States.

Russian Empire

The Imperial Russian Navy developed semi-submersible vessels—starting with the —which were designed to be torpedo boats with low visibility for coastal protection against enemy warships. Keta was built in 1904  in St. Petersburg, powered by a  motor, displacing 8 tons, and with a length of . It saw service in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War to protect the coast in the Far East. Keta was followed by other designs, "Variant D" and "Type F".

North Korea

According to the Covert Shores Naval Warfare Blog, North Korea's Korean People's Navy developed semi-submersible for infiltration of agents and use by special forces. These derived from high-speed surface craft, sometimes disguised as fishing vessels. The I-SILC model was the first semi-submersible, which could submerge to snorkel depth to power its combustion engine. Approaching its insertion point, the vessel operates as a planing power boat. This evolved into two models of Taedong semi-submersibles, the B and C models, which were exported to Vietnam and Iran. The Taedong–C is a semi-submersible variant of the IPS-16 Peykaap torpedo boat.  North Korean semi-submersibles have been intercepted while making incursions into South Korean waters.

In 2002, North Korea delivered five Taedong semi-submersible vessels to the Iranian Navy as part of an arms shipment that included other types of gunboats and patrol boats.

United States

In 2014, the United States Naval Special Warfare Command (NAVSPECWARCOM) unveiled its SEAL Insertion, Observation, and Neutralization (SEALION) craft, designed and built as a Combatant Craft Heavy (CCH). The craft is designed for low radar observability and can carry crew and payload internally. At that time there were two units operational, with a third one ordered for delivery in 2018. The SEALION is reportedly a semi-submersible with a planing hull for surface running and ballast tanks to run with a reduced profile. Its dimensions are  long,  abeam, and  from keel to cabin roof. It displaces  and is powered by two ten-cylinder,  diesel engines. Its aft payload bay is configured to accommodate either two inflatable boats, one special forces modified jet ski, or eight seats.

Submarine hybridization

As a related development, the hybridization of submarines to acquire certain surface ship attributes has included the augmentation of firepower and surface speed.

Firepower
Cruiser submarines combined the stealth of a submarine with the endurance and firepower of a surface ship; several were the largest submarines built at the time of their launching. They were designed to attack merchant marine shipping with heavy deck guns, as well as torpedoes. They were generally slower to dive and offered a bigger sonar signature than conventional submarines. Examples are:
 The 1916 German Type U 139 submarine (WWI, 3 boats), which mounted two  SK L/45 deck guns and two  SK L/30 deck guns.
 The 1923 HMS X1, which mounted two  guns in 2 twin turrets.
 The 1934 French submarine Surcouf, which mounted two  naval guns.
 The 1939 Soviet K-class submarines, which mounted two  naval guns.

Speed

Before the advent of nuclear power, submarines were slower on the surface than surface ships and even slower underwater. Therefore, efforts were made to increase submarine surface speeds to that of surface-only ships. Examples:
 The 1916 British K-class submarine was equipped with steam turbines to provide sufficient surface-running speed to accompany the battle fleet as a reconnaissance vessel, but proved to be unsuccessful.
 The 1930s Soviet  embodied the hull contours of a destroyer for high speed on the surface, but proved to be underpowered.
 The 1960s Soviet Project 1231 was a concept for a missile boat that would travel with hydrofoils on the surface and then dive to avoid observation, which was never built.
 The 2010 French SMX-25 was a submarine design concept by defence company, DCNS, with surface ship characteristics, which would allow high surface speed for more rapid deployment to the combat zone and then submerging to attack.

See also
Heavy-lift ships, which partially submerge to allow their cargo (another ship or a semi-submersible platform) to float into place for transport
Narco-submarines, used to smuggle drugs, some of which remained partially above the surface.
Semi-submarines, which cannot fully submerge
Semi-submersible platforms, which are typically transported to a location where they are placed in service

References

External links
 Russian patent for a "Surface-underwater ship"
 Oruzhie Rossiy: "Kim Jong Un concentrates diving torpedo boats in the Yellow Sea" (in Russian)

Naval ships
Submersible ships


title: John Bibby

text:
John Bibby may refer to:

John Bibby (businessman) (1775–1840), founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company
John Bibby (ship), an 1841 ship
John Roland Bibby (1917–1997), Northumbrian-born scholar, poet, writer, historian and antiquarian
John S. Bibby (born 1935), British geologist

Bibby, John


title: Mulona lapidaria

text:
Mulona lapidaria is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found on Haiti.

References

Lithosiini
Moths described in 1866


title: Symphlebia haxairei

text:
Symphlebia haxairei is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1988. It is found in Venezuela.

References

haxairei


title: Munona iridescens

text:
Munona iridescens is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Schaus in 1894. It is found in Mexico, French Guiana, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil and Ecuador.

References

Phaegopterina
Arctiinae of South America
Moths described in 1894


title: Mydromera carmina

text:
Mydromera carmina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1938. It is found on Cuba.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1938
Endemic fauna of Cuba


title: Mydromera notochloris

text:
Mydromera notochloris is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1870. It is found in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Colombia.

References

External links
 Encyclopedia of Life

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1870


title: What You Need from Me

text:
"What You Need from Me" is a duet recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler and American singer-songwriter Vince Gill, taken from Tyler's sixteenth studio album and the 4th track of the album, Rocks and Honey (2013).

Background and release

The song was composed by American country singer-songwriters Jon Randall and Jessi Alexander and presented to Bonnie Tyler and her manager when they visited Nashville in 2011 searching for new material from music publishers. After hearing a demo of the song, Tyler said that she would prefer to sing the song as a duet, and approached Vince Gill to see if he would be interested. "He said yes," Tyler explained during an interview about the album, "so we [recorded the song in] his studio in his house in Nashville."

The song was first played on BBC Radio Wales on August 2, 2012 when Tyler was interviewed by Roy Noble on his radio show. "What You Need From Me" was also the first track from Rocks and Honey to be played on radio. After recording the song, Tyler played it to a friend who compared her and Gill's voices to a combination of rocks and honey, which inspired the name of the album.

"What You Need from Me" was later released as the second track on the CD single of "This Is Gonna Hurt" on August 16, 2013.

Critical reception
"What You Need From Me" received mixed reviews from music critics. Norbert Schiegel of G+J Entertainment Media described the song as "sensational," and Dirk Neuhaus of Country Rock Magazine called it a "fantastic track," while Adam Carroll from Seen It Heard It thought that the song was one of the weakest tracks from Rocks and Honey, describing Tyler's voice as "rough and beaten" and that her and Vince Gill's voices do not go well together.

References

Bonnie Tyler songs
2013 songs
Songs written by Jon Randall
Songs written by Jessi Alexander
Male–female vocal duets


title: Radudaj

text:
Radudaj (, also Romanized as Rādūdaj) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 620, in 113 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Regeti

text:
Regeti (, also Romanized as Regetī; also known as Regetī-ye Pā‘īn and Rīgītī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 303, in 57 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Rig Band Sar

text:
Rig Band Sar (, also Romanized as Rīg Band Sar; also known as Rīg Sar) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 9 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Reys, Iran

text:
Reys () is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 34, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Sayani

text:
Sayani (, also Romanized as Sāyānī; also known as Sīānī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 367, in 65 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Safar Zehi

text:
Safar Zehi (, also Romanized as Şafar Zehī; also known as Şafar Zā’ī, Separze‘ī, and Separze’t) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 548, in 98 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Shahdad Bazar

text:
Shahdad Bazar (, also Romanized as Shahdād Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 188, in 43 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Seyyedi Bazar

text:
Seyyedi Bazar (, also Romanized as Seyyedī Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 30 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Sina Chu

text:
Sina Chu (, also Romanized as Sīnā Chū and Sīnā Chow) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 5 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Osmanbazar, Chabahar

text:
Osmanbazar (, also Romanized as ʿOs̄mānbāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 30 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Sar Daj Delmorad

text:
Sar Daj Delmorad (, also Romanized as Sar Daj Delmorād; also known as Dej, Sar Daj, and Sar Dej) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Seribazar

text:
Seribazar (, also Romanized as Serībāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 494, in 98 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Telehdan-e Gamdad Bazar

text:
Telehdan-e Gamdad Bazar (, also Romanized as Telehdān-e Gamdād Bāzār; also known as Nūkābād, Qamdād-e Bāzār, Taldān Nūkābād, and Telehdān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 26 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Torkani

text:
Torkani (, also Romanized as Torkānī; also known as Tūrkānī) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 414, in 88 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Towlak Rud

text:
Towlak Rud (, also Romanized as Towlak Rūd; also known as Towlagrūd) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 18 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Owraki Bozorg-e Olya

text:
Owraki Bozorg-e Olya (, also Romanized as ʿOwrakī Bozorg-e ‘Olyā and Owrakībozorg-e ‘Olyā) is a village in, and the capital of, Pir Sohrab Rural District of Pir Sohrab District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,215 in 251 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 1,632 people in 335 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,770 people in 404 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.

After the census, the rural district was separated from the Central District, elevated to the status of a district, and divided into two rural districts (Bajar Bazar and Pir Sohrab) and no cities.

References

Chabahar County

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Owraki Molla Abdol Rahman

text:
Ouraki Molla Abdol Rahman (, also Romanized as ʿOurakī Mollā ʿAbdol Raḩmān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 377, in 65 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Spiranthes infernalis

text:
Spiranthes infernalis, common name Ash Meadows lady's tresses, is a rare species of orchid known from only four locations in Nevada, all close to one another. The type locale is inside Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, in Nye County approximately  WNW of Las Vegas. The site is a seasonally wet meadow.

The epithet infernalis means "of the underworld" or "of the nether regions", in reference to the extremely hot climate of the region.

Description
Spiranthes infernalis is a terrestrial herb up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall. It has tuberous roots. Leaves are lanceolate, up to 15 cm (6 inches) long. The flowers are yellowish-white with an orange lip, borne in a tightly spiralled spike.

References

Flora of Nevada
infernalis
Endemic orchids of the United States


title: Owraki Malang Bazar

text:
Owraki Malang Bazar (, also Romanized as ʿOwrakī Malang Bāzār) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 31 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Pass-a-Grille

text:
Pass-a-Grille is a small beach neighborhood and former town at the south end of St. Pete Beach in Pinellas County, Florida. The community includes the Pass-a-Grille Historic District, Gulf Beaches Historical Museum, and Pass-A-Grille Beach. The neighborhood includes restaurants, retailers, and waterfront areas on the Gulf of Mexico as well as the Intracoastal Waterway. It is located on a barrier island.

History
The area around Pass-a-Grille has been inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years and was first spotted by Spanish explorers in 1528 when Pánfilo de Narváez anchored off Pass-a-Grille pass. Local legend states that it was named from the French phrase Passe Aux Grilleurs (the passageway of the grillers) in honor of the fisherman who camped and first settled there. John Gomez was one on the first entrepreneurs to utilize Pass-A-Grille Beach as a vacation area, inviting travelers from St. Petersburg and Tampa to stay at his resort-like structure as early as 1857. Some of the first major businessmen in the area were Roy S. Hanna and Selwyn Morey, who began developing plots of land for homes and lodgings at Pass-A-Grille Beach. By 1901, Frenchman and Travel Agent, George Henri Lizotte, opened the first Pass-A-Grille hotel, named Bonhomie. The first schoolhouse in Pass-a-Grille was constructed in 1914 at the cost of $1,000 and opened its doors to students in the winter of 1915. The Don CeSar hotel opened on the north side of Pass-a-Grille in 1928, spurring more development. Pass-a-Grille was eventually incorporated into the city of St. Pete Beach in 1957, and in 1989 Pass-a-Grille was recognized as a National Register Historic District. The neighborhood suffered damage from Tropical Storm Debby in 2012, including beach erosion and a tornado strike.

Recreation

The beach, boutiques, an ice cream shop, outdoor art market, restaurants, tennis courts, and fishing piers are all located within walking distance, concentrated around 8th Street. The Seahorse Grill, open since 1938, operates as a breakfast locale. Other popular restaurants include The Hurricane, The Dewey, Grace, and The Brass Monkey. Pass-a-Grille Park, a municipal park, is also located within the community. Pass-a-Grille Community Church is the only place of worship within the neighborhood's confines.

Gallery

References

Geography of Pinellas County, Florida
Neighborhoods in Florida
Populated coastal places in Florida on the Gulf of Mexico
Former municipalities in Florida


title: Zahrab

text:
Zahrab (, also Romanized as Zahrāb and Z̧ahrāb; also known as Dahr Āb and Zūhrāb) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248, in 49 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Zir Daj

text:
Zir Daj (, also Romanized as Zīr Daj; also known as Cher Daj, Daj, Jerdaj, and Jīrdaj) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 203, in 34 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Siani

text:
Siani may refer to:

Siani (surname), an Italian surname
Sayani, a village in Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Siani Lee (1962–2001), American television news anchor
Swedish International Agricultural Network Initiative

See also
 Saini, a caste of North India
 Sinai (disambiguation)


title: Safar Zai

text:
Safar Zai (, also Romanized as Şafar Zā’ī; also known as Şafar Zahī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 129, in 19 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Owraki

text:
Owraki () may refer to:
 Owraki Bozorg-e Olya
 Owraki Malang Bazar
 Owraki Molla Abdol Rahman


title: 2014 Brasil Open

text:
The 2014 Brasil Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor clay courts. It was the 14th edition of the event known as the Brasil Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2014 ATP World Tour. It took place from February 24 through March 2, 2014, in São Paulo, Brazil.

Singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

1 Rankings as of February 17, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
  Thomaz Bellucci
  Guilherme Clezar
  João Souza

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
 Rogério Dutra Silva
 Gastão Elias
 Pere Riba
 Potito Starace

Retirements
  Tommy Haas (right shoulder injury)
  João Souza (abdominal pain injury)

Doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

1 Rankings are as of February 17, 2014.

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the main draw:
 Guilherme Clezar /  Marcelo Demoliner
 André Sá /  João Souza

Champions

Singles

  Federico Delbonis def.  Paolo Lorenzi, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4

Doubles

  Guillermo García López /  Philipp Oswald def.  Juan Sebastián Cabal /  Robert Farah, 5–7, 6–4, [15–13]

External links

Brasil Open


title: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab

text:
The Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab (also called the Quantum AI Lab or QuAIL) is a joint initiative of NASA, Universities Space Research Association, and Google (specifically, Google Research) whose goal is to pioneer research on how quantum computing might help with machine learning and other difficult computer science problems. The lab is hosted at NASA's Ames Research Center.

History

The Quantum AI Lab was announced by Google Research in a blog post on May 16, 2013. At the time of launch, the Lab was using the most advanced commercially available quantum computer, D-Wave Two from D-Wave Systems.

On October 10, 2013, Google released a short film describing the current state of the Quantum AI Lab.

On October 18, 2013, Google announced that it had incorporated quantum physics into Minecraft.

In January 2014, Google reported results comparing the performance of the D-Wave Two in the lab with that of classical computers. The results were ambiguous and provoked heated discussion on the Internet.
On 2 September 2014, it was announced that the Quantum AI Lab, in partnership with UC Santa Barbara, would be launching an initiative to create quantum information processors based on superconducting electronics.

On the 23rd of October 2019, the Quantum AI Lab announced in a paper that it had achieved quantum supremacy.

See also
 Artificial intelligence
 Glossary of artificial intelligence
 Google Brain
 Google X

References

External links
  (NASA)
  (USRA)
  (Google)
  (Google Quantum AI)
  (Quantum Artificial Intelligence)
 Google Plus profile

Applied machine learning
Google


title: Florida Lakewatch

text:
Florida Lakewatch, established in 1986, is a volunteer water-monitoring program coordinated through the University of Florida. This project is headquartered at Gainesville, Florida, within the campus of the University of Florida. Florida Lakewatch has in its history obtained funding from a number of sources, but currently is mostly funded by the state of Florida.

Volunteer involvement
There are more than 5,400 lakes in Florida and a number of rivers. The Florida Lakewatch program provides support to citizens interested in monitoring lakes and providing data they collect for the program.  The Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences of the University of Florida provides faculty, staff and laboratory support to more than 1,800 volunteers. Reliable water chemistry data has been collected from more than 1,000 lakes from at least fifty counties. Florida Lakewatch works directly with citizens who live on or use lakes, rivers or waterways and are willing to participate in a long-term monitoring effort. These volunteers must have access to a boat, since much of the data collection must be done away from lake shores. Florida Lakewatch has at least basic information on 5,420 lakes in Florida.

Services provided
Florida Lakewatch provides a variety of items useful to those interested in lakes. These include (all in the Florida Lakewatch website):
Bathymetric maps of approximately 320 Florida lakes
Various types of data grouped by subject matter
An online library of almost all the project's newsletters
Information about all the other Florida Lakewatch publications
Information about periodic volunteer meetings at the county level

Links to Florida online water atlases
The Florida Lakewatch website contains links to the Florida Atlas of Lakes, produced by the University of South Florida's Water Atlas program. This program is supported by Florida Lakewatch and the Florida Lake Management Society. Through the Florida Atlas of Lakes seven county water atlases can be accessed. These are: the Polk County Water Atlas, the Hillsborough Water Atlas, the Pinellas County Water Atlas, the Sarasota County Water Atlas, the Seminole County Water Atlas, the Orange County Water Atlas, the Manatee County Water Atlas.

References

Water organizations in the United States
University of Florida
Environmental organizations based in Florida
1986 establishments in Florida
Environmental organizations established in 1986


title: Stictonaclia blandina

text:
Stictonaclia blandina is a moth of the  subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Oberthür in 1893. It is found in Madagascar.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1893


title: Jorge Torres Vallejo

text:
Jorge Bernardo Torres Vallejo (August 20, 1934 – November 26, 2007) was a Peruvian politician. Torres Vallejo was a member of APRA until 1988. He was elected Departmental General Secretary of APRA in La Libertad six times. At one point he served as national subsecretary of the party.

Torres Vallejo was the son of Antonio Torres Araujo and Graciela Vallejo Villalobos. His primary schooling was done at the Escuela de Aplicación, followed by secondary education at Colegio Nacional de San Juan. Torres Vallejo joined the APRA party at the age of fifteen. He went to Spain to study Regional Development at the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares.

A civil engineer and economist by profession, he served as Dean of the Engineering College of La Libertad. He served as mayor of Trujillo from 1967 to 1968. In 1968 he became president of the La Libertad Development Corporation. He also served as president of the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Tourism of La Libertad (1975-1976). Torres Vallejo was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1978. He again elected as mayor of Trujillo between 1980 and 1983. He was elected a senator in the 1985 general election. He obtained 110,032 preferential votes, becoming the fifth most voted APRA senator in the country. In parliament he was a proponent of decentralization. Torres Vallejo voiced opposition to Alan García's moves towards nationalization of the banking sector. Subsequently, he was expelled from the party. Torres Vallejo was the first prominent APRA leader to voice public criticism against García's presidency.

In 1996 and 2006 he contested the mayoral elections in Trujillo unsuccessfully.

Torres Vallejo was awarded the Order of the Liberator General San Martín by the government of Argentina.

References

1934 births
2007 deaths
People from Trujillo, Peru
University of Alcalá alumni
American Popular Revolutionary Alliance politicians
Mayors of Trujillo, Peru
Members of the Senate of Peru
Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin


title: Myopsyche bokumae

text:
Myopsyche bokumae is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1954. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1954
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: Délfor Dicásolo

text:
Délfor Amaranth Dicásolo, better known as Délfor (April 25, 1920 – September 13, 2013), was an Argentine actor, comedian, screenwriter, and artist. He was known for his radio work and comedic routines. His career spanned 57 years.

Early life
Dicásolo was born on April 25, 1920, in Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were from Naples, Italy.

Personal life and death
Dicásolo had two children. He lived in Buenos Aires with his family until his death in 2013. He died on September 13, 2013, in his Buenos Aires home from natural causes, aged 93.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2013 deaths
Argentine male film actors
Argentine male television actors
Argentine comedians
Argentine screenwriters
Argentine male screenwriters
Argentine artists
Male actors from Buenos Aires
20th-century Argentine male actors
21st-century Argentine male actors


title: Myopsyche cytogaster

text:
Myopsyche cytogaster is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is found in Gabon.

References

Endemic fauna of Gabon
Arctiinae
Moths described in 1893


title: Myopsyche elachista

text:
Myopsyche elachista is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1893. It is found in the Republic of the Congo and Gabon.

References

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1893


Massive Multiplayer Online Wargame Leveraging the Internet (MMOWGLI) is an online multiplayer game used by the US Navy Office of Naval Research and other U.S. government agencies to perform online wargames in order to study various problems and hypothetical scenarios.

Overview
MMOWGLI was launched by ONR and the Naval Postgraduate School in order to blend gaming and social media tools and to crowdsource solutions. It was initially launched with an application addressing a piracy scenario off the coast of Somalia.  The idea received coverage from national news media. More than 16,000 users registered from various national security communities, academia and the general public.  Round one of MMOWGLI gameplay started on May 31, 2011 with 2,000 players, and resulted in over 800 players registering and exchanging ideas.

See also
 MMORPG
 Government crowdsourcing
 United States Navy

References

External links

Organizational websites
 Official website
 Idea Card Chains Report, Edge Virtual Training Program (evtp). Example of actual game session, with cards, threads and rankings.
 Official Twitter feed
 Update on latest MMOWGLI game article at Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation Institute at Naval Postgraduate School.
 MMOWGLI, article at Institute for the Future website.
 Youtube video, from ONR

Articles and media coverage
 MMOWGLI: An Experiment in Generating Collective Intelligence, dodlive.mil, April 28, 2011.
 Wannabe SEALs Help U.S. Navy Hunt Pirates In Massively Multiplayer Game, fastcompany.com, May 10, 2011.
 Navy using online game to mine ideas: Exercise is open to active, reserve and civilian forces, By PHILLIP MOLNAR, Herald Staff Writer, 11/04/2013.
 U.S. Navy Uses MMO to Train for Real-World Piracy, gamepolitics.com, May 10, 2011.

Crowdsourcing
United States Navy
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games


title: Myopsyche fulvibasalis

text:
Myopsyche fulvibasalis is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1918. It is found in Cameroon.

References

Endemic fauna of Cameroon
Arctiinae
Moths described in 1918


title: Myopsyche idda

text:
Myopsyche idda is a moth of the  subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Plötz in 1880. It is found in Cameroon.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Cameroon
Arctiinae
Moths described in 1880


title: Windows Phone 8.1

text:
Windows Phone 8.1 is the  third generation of Microsoft's Windows Phone mobile operating system, succeeding Windows Phone 8. Rolled out at Microsoft's Build Conference in San Francisco, California, on April 2, 2014, it was released in final form to Windows Phone developers on April 14, 2014 and reached general availability on August 4, 2014. All Windows Phones running Windows Phone 8 can be upgraded to Windows Phone 8.1, with release dependent on carrier rollout dates.

Windows Phone 8.1 is also the last version that uses the Windows Phone brand name as it was succeeded by Windows 10 Mobile. Some Windows Phone 8.1 devices are capable of being upgraded to Windows 10 Mobile. Microsoft delayed the upgrade and reduced the supported device list from their initial promise. Support has ended for Windows Phone 8.1 on July 11, 2017.

History
Windows Phone 8.1 was first rumored to be Windows Phone Blue, a series of updates to Microsoft's mobile operating system that would coincide with the release of Windows 8.1. Although Microsoft had originally planned to release WP8.1 in late 2013, shortly after the release of its PC counterpart, general distribution of the new operating system was pushed back until early 2014.

Instead of waiting over a year to add new features to Windows Phone 8, Microsoft opted to release three incremental updates to its existing mobile OS. These updates are delivered with corresponding firmware updates for the specific devices. The updates included GDR2 (Lumia Amber), which introduced features such as "Data Sense", and GDR3 (Lumia Black), which brought support for quad-core processors, 1080p high-definition screens of up to six inches, the addition of a "Driving Mode," and extra rows of live tiles for larger "phablet" devices.

The updated operating system's final name was leaked to the public when Microsoft released the Windows Phone 8.1 SDK to developers on February 10, 2014, but it wasn't until Microsoft's Build conference keynote on April 2, 2014 when Windows Phone 8.1 was officially announced, alongside the Windows 8.1 Update. The final shipping code was released to registered users of the "Preview for Developers" program on April 14, 2014, and to the general public in subsequent months, the actual release date being determined by the devices' wireless carriers and accompanied with firmware updates, including Lumia Cyan.

Preview for Developers
The "Preview for Developers" program was initiated in October 2013 with the release of Windows Phone 8 Update 3. The program was intended for developers and enthusiasts to gain immediate access to OS updates as they become available from Microsoft, bypassing wireless carriers and OEMs who test changes before including device-specific firmware updates. Users of the "Preview for Developers" program do not void their warranty in most cases and can install any future firmware that is included with their carrier's official rollout of Windows Phone 8.1.

The Windows Phone software updates delivered through "Preview for Developers" are complete, finished versions of the OS, as opposed to the Windows 10 Mobile builds in the Windows Insider program, which are preview versions of the software that are intended for users to try out new features before the final release and may contain bugs.

Features
Windows Phone 8.1 introduces a host of notable new features, most of which were unveiled in a preview released to developers on February 10, 2014.

Cortana

Cortana is a personal virtual assistant that was added in Windows Phone 8.1, and is similar to Google Now and Apple's Siri. The Cortana name derives from the Halo video game series, which is a Microsoft franchise exclusive to Xbox and Windows. Cortana's features include being able to set reminders, recognize natural voice without the user having to input a predefined series of commands and answer questions using information from Bing (like current weather and traffic conditions, sports scores, and biographies).

Cortana also uses a special feature called a "Notebook", where it will automatically gather information about and interests of the user based on usage and allow the user to input additional personal information, such as quiet hours and close friends who are allowed to get through to the user during these quiet hours. Users can also delete information from the "Notebook" if they deem it undesirable for Cortana to know.

Windows 8.1's universal Bing SmartSearch features are incorporated into Cortana, which replaces the previous Bing Search app which is activated when a user presses the "Search" button on their device.

This feature, which is currently in beta, was released in the United States in the first half of 2014 and in China, the United Kingdom, India, Canada and Australia in August 2014.
Microsoft has committed to updating Cortana twice a month and add features. The new features may include more "easter egg" replies, improvements in UI and better voice modulations.

Web

Windows Phone 8.1 uses a mobile version of Internet Explorer 11 as the default web browser. IE11 carries over many of its desktop counterpart's improvements, which include support for WebGL, normal mapping, InPrivate mode, Reading mode, and the ability to swipe left or right to navigate to a previous webpage and back. The updated browser also includes a new HTML5 video web player with support for inline playback and closed captions, Windows 8-style website live tiles, and the ability to save passwords. Furthermore, users can now open an unlimited number of tabs, instead of the previous maximum of 6.

If a user is logged in with their Microsoft account on both their Windows 8.1 device and Windows Phone, their tabs on IE11 will now sync automatically.

Apps and Windows Phone Store

App framework
Apps for Windows Phone 8.1 can now be created using the same application model as Windows Store apps for Windows 8.1, based on the Windows Runtime, and the file extension for WP apps is now ".appx" (which is used for Windows Store apps), instead of Windows Phone's traditional ".xap" file format. Applications built for WP8.1 can invoke semantic zoom, as well as access to single sign-on with a Microsoft account. The Windows Phone Store now also updates apps automatically. The store can be manually checked for updates available for applications on a device. It also adds the option to update applications when on Wi-Fi only.

App developers will be able to develop apps using C# / Visual Basic.NET (.NET), C++ (CX) or HTML5/JavaScript, like for Windows 8.

Developers will also be able to build "universal apps" for both Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows 8 that share almost all code, except for that specific to the platform, such as user interface and phone APIs.

Any universal apps that have been installed on Windows 8.1 will automatically appear in the user's "My Apps" section on Windows Phone 8.1.

Apps built for Windows Phone 8 and Windows Phone 7 automatically run on Windows Phone 8.1, but apps built for Windows Phone 8.1 will not run on any previous version of Windows Phone.

Windows Phone Store
The Windows Phone Store was redesigned in Windows Phone 8.1 to become more information-dense. App collections, which were previously visible in a different page, are now fully featured on the front column of the Store. There is also no more distinction between Games and other apps; both now show up in the app list, although categories for apps and games (such as "most popular games" or "most popular apps") are still separated. App ratings have been designed to match those of Windows 8.1, with horizontal bars added to indicate how many 5-star, 4-star, or 3-star reviews an app has received. App screenshots now no longer have their own page, but can instead can be viewed at the bottom of the app description page. Furthermore, the Windows Phone Store now includes a "My Apps" section under the three-dot menu which allows users to re-install any app they have purchased previously.

Windows Phone 8.1 support ended on July 11, 2017. The Windows Phone Store on Windows Phone 8.1 was shut down on December 16, 2019.

New and revamped apps
Battery Saver adds the ability to track battery usage and determine profiles that will lower power consumption. In addition, the "Background Tasks" page, which allows a user to stop or allow an individual app from running in the background, has been moved from the Settings menu to Battery Saver. In addition to just being able to stop a background task from running, users can now set profiles which will prevent certain apps from running only if the battery level is below a designated percentage.

Storage Sense lets users move files and apps between their phone's hard drive and a microSD card, and incorporates features previously available in the "Settings" section that gave users the ability to delete temporary files to free up storage and uninstall applications.

Wi-Fi Sense automatically signs in Windows Phones to trusted available Wi-Fi hotspots. It also helps to share your own Wi-Fi credentials with your friends and contacts, but without the security compromise i.e. it only shares the WiFi connection without telling your friends the password.

Calendar app now has a week view with current weather, similar to the features in the Microsoft Outlook calendar available to desktop users. The calendar further adds support for syncing Google Calendars with your Windows Phone.

Maps has been overhauled with support for aerial-view, 3D mapping and a dynamic compass. Local Scout, which has been removed from Windows Phone 8.1 in the United States due to the implementation of Cortana, has been moved to Maps. The map also shows nearby WiFi-hotspots, if any available, in your location.

Calling and Skype
The Dialer app adds a "Speed Dial" page, and calls from a single caller in Call History are now grouped. Clicking on the group will reveal individual call details such as the time and date the call was made. A button has been added next to each caller which allows unidentified callers to be added to a user's contact list or brings up information on an existing contact.

Users can now automatically upgrade existing phone calls to Skype video calls from within the phone call UI, which has also been revamped with larger buttons. In addition to a large photo of the contact, text with the user's name and phone number now appear at the top of the screen instead of directly above the dialer. Skype calls can also be directly initiated from Cortana.

Multimedia
Xbox Music and Xbox Video provide streaming services for movies, music, and TV shows, and are separated as opposed to being joined together in previous versions. Notably, Xbox Video now has built-in support for video streaming. In addition to separating its music and video streaming services, 8.1 also adds support for separate volume controls, audio and video transcoding, hardware acceleration, stereoscopic 3D, and the ability for apps to capture and record video independently of the operating system's built-in video recorder. Furthermore, built-in support for streaming through DLNA to monitors and television screens, referred to by Microsoft as PlayTo, is also included, as well as the ability to mirror display from a phone to a separate screen. Media editing tools have also been refined: apps for slow motion video capture, video effects, and audio effects have been added. Microsoft currently provides bi-weekly updates i.e. twice a month, to both of these apps. In August 2014, A2DP and AVRCP support was also added.

The stock camera app has been updated with a more minimalist design similar to that of the camera app on Windows 8.1. Additionally, users can now save high-resolution photos directly to OneDrive, instead of only having the option to upload the 5MP version of the image to the cloud.

Multitasking
Building on improvements made in the third update to its predecessor, Windows Phone 8.1 adds support for closing apps by swiping down on them in the multitasking view (invoked by doing a long-press on the "back" button), which is similar to how multitasking operates on Windows 8 and iOS. Pressing the back button now suspends an app in the multitasking view instead of closing it.

Live tiles
A third column of live tiles, which was previously available only to Windows Phones with 1080p and select phones with 720p screens, is now an option for all Windows Phone 8.1 devices regardless of screen size. Microsoft has also added the ability for users to skin live tiles with a background image.

With the inclusion of Update 1, WP8.1 now lets users drag app tiles on top of each other to create folders of apps on the Start Screen. Each individual app within the folder can still appear as a Live Tile, and opening the folder simply expands it on the Start Screen so the user can rearrange and open apps.

Social
The "Me" hub in Windows Phone 8.1 has been transformed from a single hub to update and maintain all social media accounts to a single hub to a viewer which allows users to view news feeds from social networks. When users click on a Facebook post, for example, they are instantly redirected to the Facebook app, instead of being allowed to like or comment on that post in the "Me" hub itself, a feature available in previous versions of Windows Phone. The Me hub's notification center for social networks has also been removed, as this feature is now integrated into Windows Phone 8.1's Action Center. Supported social networks in the "Me" hub include Facebook, Foursquare, LinkedIn, and Twitter, which has also been fully integrated into the Contacts Hub.

"Threads," which allowed users to seamlessly switch between different chat services, have also been removed from the Messaging app, which is now solely for text messages. Other changes to the messaging app include the ability to select multiple text messages for forwarding or deletion.

Lockscreen
Windows Phone 8.1 adds the ability for OEMs and individual apps to customize their custom lock screen themes even further by skinning the font and orientation of time, date, and notification text.

Notifications and settings

A new notifications center known as "Action Center" has been added, and allows for the ability to change simple settings such as volume controls. The new notifications area's design allows the user to for example change wireless networks, turn Bluetooth and Airplane Mode on or off, and access "Driving Mode" from four customisable boxes at the top of the screen, while beneath these four horizontally placed boxes include recent text messages and social integration.

Apps can also send users location-specific notifications with the addition of a new geofencing API.

Keyboard
Microsoft has added a Word Flow keyboard in Windows Phone 8.1 that, similarly to the Swype keyboard option available on Android devices, allows users to swipe through letters to type. As the user swipes, the keyboard generates space automatically for the next word to be entered.

The keyboard was touted for its speed and accuracy, and brought fame to Microsoft's research division when fifteen-year-old Lakeside School student Gaurav Sharma, using a Nokia Lumia 520 equipped with Windows Phone 8.1 and the "Word Flow" keyboard, broke the Guinness World Record for the world's fastest typing on a mobile phone, which was previously held by a Samsung Galaxy S4 user, by eight seconds. This record was short-lived, which was subsequently beaten a month later by Marcel Fernandes, who finished a quarter of a second faster using the Fleksy Keyboard, a competing keyboard available on iOS and Android. However, as Flesky relies on predictive text algorithms rather than swiping gestures, it is fair to say that "Word Flow" remains the world's fastest "swipe" keyboard on a mobile phone.

File system
Windows Phone 8.1 allows apps to view all files stored on a WP device and move, copy, paste and share the contents of a device's internal file system. As a result of this change, multiple file explorer apps have been released on the Windows Phone Store since the operating system's debut. Microsoft released its own file explorer app on May 30, 2014.

In addition to these changes, SkyDrive has been completely rebranded to OneDrive across the operating system after Microsoft's settlement of a dispute over the "Sky" trademark with BSkyB. Users are also presented with multiple options when a Windows Phone 8.1 device is connected to a computer via USB.

Enterprise improvements
Windows Phone 8.1 adds support for VPN and Bluetooth 4.0 LE. With the release of Update 1, receiving or sending data through VPN when connecting to a Wi-Fi network and the Bluetooth PAN (Personal Area Network) 1.0 standard are also supported.

Apps Corner is a kiosk mode that allows users to restrict usage to a select group of applications and boot straight into a specific app.

Hardware

Devices

Windows Phone 8.1 devices are currently manufactured by Microsoft Mobile (formerly Nokia) and its hardware partners, including HTC, Gionee, JSR, Karbonn, Micromax, Samsung, Alcatel, Lava (under both the Lava and Xolo brands), Cherry Mobile, and Blu. Additionally, Gionee, JSR, LG, Lenovo, Longcheer, and ZTE have registered as Windows Phone hardware partners, but have yet to release Windows Phone products. Sony (under the Xperia or Vaio brand) has also stated its intention to produce Windows Phone devices in the near future, but this has not materialized. During BUILD 2014, Microsoft announced two additional hardware partners - Micromax and Prestigio.

Hardware requirements
Starting with Windows Phone 8.1, several hardware buttons that were previously required on Windows Phone are no longer a requirement for device manufacturers, a move that was made in order to allow OEMs to develop devices that can run both WP and Android; the HTC One (M8) for Windows is an example of such a device.

WP now supports on-screen buttons that OEMs can use to replace the capacitive "back, "Windows", and "search" buttons that have been required for devices running the OS since 2010. The new on-screen buttons can be hidden by swiping them to the side of the screen.

Windows Phone device manufacturers are also no longer required to include a physical camera button on the side of the phone.

Version history

Reception
Tom Warren of The Verge said that it is clear that the Windows Phone OS is being left behind by its competitors. Although the Windows Phone store has many apps, there are still less than the Android and iOS stores, and the Windows Phone apps equivalents are severely lacking. However, he commends Windows Phone for its ability to run smoothly across a wide variety of hardware and the thoughtful addition of features.

See also

References

External links
 Official website (Archive)

 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-phone-8-1-end-of-support-faq-7f1ef0aa-0aaf-0747-3724-5c44456778a3

Windows Phone
Phone 8.1
Smartphone operating systems
Cloud clients
Products and services discontinued in 2017
Mobile operating systems
ARM operating systems
C (programming language) software
C++ software


title: Janet A. Sanderson

text:
Janet Ann Sanderson (born 1955) is a former American diplomat and an adjunct professor of international relations at Georgetown University. During her 34-year career as a foreign service officer, she served as U.S. Ambassador to Haiti and U.S. Ambassador to Algeria, among other assignments.  While Ambassador to Haiti her administration was subject to multiple Inspector's General queries but no adverse actions were ever taken.

Prior to joining the foreign service in 1977, she earned a B.A. from the College of William and Mary, and a master's degree in national security studies from the Naval War College.

She served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Affairs in the U.S. State Department from July 2009 – August 2011.(2 years 2 months)

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
College of William & Mary alumni
United States Foreign Service personnel
Naval War College alumni
American women ambassadors
Ambassadors of the United States to Algeria
Ambassadors of the United States to Haiti
20th-century American diplomats


title: Myopsyche langi

text:
Myopsyche langi is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1920. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1920


title: Myopsyche makomensis

text:
Myopsyche makomensis is a moth of the  subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Strand in 1912. It is found in Equatorial Guinea and Sierra Leone.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Arctiinae
Moths described in 1912