title: Brussels Canal

text:
The Brussels Canal (, ) is a section of waterway in Brussels, Belgium. It generally refers to the northernmost portion of the Brussels–Charleroi Canal (from the Ninove Gate to the Sainctelette area) and the southernmost section of the Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal or Willebroek Canal (between Sainctelette and the Vergote Dock).

The Brussels Canal divides the City of Brussels from the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, forming the border between them. Previously (before the 19th century, when the canal was dug), there used to be a Willebroek Canal through which a series of locks eventually reached the Brussels harbour inside the city. There used to also be a small canal connecting the Willebroek Canal along the western portion of the city's old defensive walls to the two arms of the river Senne, which were later covered over and the entire river redirected underground for its entire course within inner Brussels. In the 20th century, even the underground course of the river was altered and the city centre river bedding was dried, the water redirected away from the centre and moved along the western side of the Small Ring (inner ring road), thus also along the Brussels Canal.

The Brussels Canal features several turning basins in its urban course. As part of multiple public works projects, including the covering of the Senne, excess water from the underground flowing river is drained into the canal.

References

Notes

Canals in Brussels
City of Brussels
Molenbeek-Saint-Jean


title: Eucosma ottoniana

text:
Eucosma ottoniana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China and Russia.

References

Moths described in 1918
Eucosmini


title: Iwalewahaus

text:
Iwalewahaus, University of Bayreuth, is a place for the production and presentation of contemporary art. By doing exhibitions, academic research and teaching, by taking care of the collection and the archive as well as providing residencies for artists, recent developments in contemporary African and Diaspora culture are presented and refined together with artists and institutions.
The mission of Iwalewahaus is to research, document and teach recent African culture. The focus is on visual arts, everyday culture, the media and music. The house provides space for lectures, conferences, concerts, film screenings and readings and is a vivid forum for artists, researchers, students of African studies and the interested public.

Research and teaching
Most of the Iwalewa-projects are developed in close cooperation with institutions from Africa and Europe and are supported by publications. The focus of the research is contemporary art, popular culture, the media - especially photography - as well as African modernity and museology. The following projects are part of the research: Africa Screams – Das Böse in Kino, Kunst und Kult (2004); Black Paris (2006); Hidden Pages, Stolen Bodies (2009); Piga Picha! (2008/2010) and Iwalewa - Quatre vues de l’Afrique contemporaine (2013).

The teaching at Iwalewahaus concentrates on four areas: art studies with reference to Africa, aspects of African popular culture, institutionalisation and interaction of art worlds and finally broader questions of the history of media and the study of visual culture.
Since 2012 the practise based study program "Art and Curatorial Studies" has been offered as part of the master studies course "Culture and Society in Africa".

Collection
Iwalewahaus maintains a collection of modern and contemporary visual arts from Africa, Asia and the Pacific Area that is unique within Germany. The main focus of the collection is Nigeria, but there are equally important artworks from Sudan, Mozambique, Tanzania, DR Congo, Haiti, India, Papua New Guinea and Australia.
The collection is generally based on the collection of Ulli Beier, the founder of Iwalewahaus. The collection of paintings, especially those of the Oshogbo-school plus the collection of graphics with a focus on the Nigerian Nsukka-school is of international significance.
Apart from visual arts, the archive of Iwalewahaus hosts an extensive collection of contemporary African music, video film productions from Nigeria and Ghana and African textiles.
The collection has recently been expanded by private donations like the collection Kleine-Gunk and the Kindermann collection. These extensions secure the collection’s status as the largest public collection of African contemporary art in Europe for the long term.

Naming
The saying Iwalewa is borrowed from the language of the Yoruba, one of the three major ethnic groups in south-west Nigeria. Translated literally, Iwalewa means “character is beauty“. The term Iwa stands for the “good character“, although the original meaning of Iwa can be translated as “existence“.

History
The house opened its doors on November 27, 1981, as a support for the Africa focus of the University of Bayreuth.
The aim was to introduce a broader public to non-European arts and culture.  Founder and first head of Iwalewahaus from 1981 to 1985 was Ulli Beier (1922–2011). Beier was a noted connoisseur of Nigeria’s arts and culture. When Beier moved to Papua New Guinea in 1985, Ronald Ruprecht became director of the house. From 1989 to 1996 the house again was under the aegis of Ulli Beier. From 1997 to 2001 Iwalewahaus was directed by Till Förster. When Förster moved to the University of Basel, Tobias Wendl became new director. After Wendl was offered a chair at the Free University of Berlin Iwalewahaus has been directed by Ulf Vierke and Nadine Siegert as Deputy Director since 2010.

Building
From 1981 until the end of 2013 the domicile of Iwalewahaus was a former mint ("Markgräfliche Münze"), a sandstone building protected as an historic monument from the 18th century.

In November 2013 Iwalewahaus moved to its new residence at Wölfelstraße 2. This building was built in 1907 for the Bavarian state’s bank in Oberfranken. During the 1970s the building was adopted by the forestry office and finally used by the surveyor’s office and the building authorities. Including the basement and loft, the structure offers nearly 2,300 square meters for offices and space for exhibitions and the archive.

References

University of Bayreuth
Art museums and galleries in Germany


title: Southern Christian College

text:
Southern Christian College is an independent non-denominational Christian co-educational primary and secondary day school located in Kingston, Tasmania providing education from kinder to year 12, as well as providing pre-school services as Kingston Early Learning Centre. Southern Christian College was founded in 1986. Since 2014 it has been an International Baccalaureate world school, teaching the IB curriculum.

It is a ministry of CityLight Church, which is located on the same property. The school is a member of Christian Schools Australia and Independent Schools Tasmania. Until 2015 it taught kinder-year 10, when it received authorisation to start year 11 and 12 in 2016.

Indonesian program
The school is part of the Australia-Asia BRIDGE program, and is sistered with SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Denpasar in Indonesia, a Muslim private school in Bali. The school has taught Indonesian as a compulsory subject from early learning (pre-kindergarten) to year 10 since 1998 as part of the NALSSP and it is an Asia Access School. It received a visit from the Indonesian Ambassador to Australia in 2013.

References

1986 establishments in Australia
Educational institutions established in 1986
Private secondary schools in Hobart
Private primary schools in Hobart
International Baccalaureate schools in Australia
Nondenominational Christian schools in Hobart
Kingston, Tasmania


title: Mendelsohn House

text:
The Mendelsohn House () is a former Jewish Tahara house (Bet Tahara) in Olsztyn (Allenstein), Poland, today used as a center for intercultural dialogue. It also includes a gatehouse.

Tahara House

The Tahara house, completed in 1913, was the first building designed by Erich Mendelsohn and the only one in his hometown of Allenstein. The Bet Tahara was built from 1911 to 1912 as a component of the Jewish cemetery of Olsztyn that was already existing since 1818. Mendelsohn create this project during his studies at the Munich Technical University, and had the chance to realize it.

A smaller gatehouse, the residence of the cemetery's gardener, is part of the complex. The passage between both buildings was used as the main entrance of the cemetery. The structure was influenced by Joseph Maria Olbrich's architecture.

The circumstances of Mendelsohn's commissioning remain unclear. The commissioning was probably influenced by Mendelsohn's father, a venerable member of the Jewish community of Allenstein. The house was equipped with rooms for the ritual washing of the corpses, a mourning hall and a mortuary leading to the adjacent Jewish cemetery. The interior is dominated by the central hall, a pyramidal wooden dome with mosaic decoration. A frieze with Hebrew lettering decorates the room. The design is only partially characterized by Jewish symbolism, simplified geometric elements show the influence of Art Nouveau and expressionism.

With the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, the cemetery was defiled by the Nazis in early 1936 but was not directly affected by the Kristallnacht riots of 1938. In 1943 the state of construction of the building was described as good, the gatehouse was still inhabited.

In 1939 Allenstein's Jewish community counted 138 members (448 in 1933)
In summer 1942 the Germans deported the Jews of Allenstein to the Minsk Ghetto and Theresienstadt and murdered them in the Holocaust. The Jewish community of Allenstein ceased to exist.

Municipal archive
After World War II the region became part of Poland. The use of the building during the immediate post war years is unknown.

After an anti-semitic campaign in Poland the remains of the cemetery were levelled to the ground in 1968 and the building was used as a magazine by the municipal archive of Olsztyn until 1996. Construction drawings of 1971 show several significant changes like the installation of a staircase between the main floor and the basement. This alteration resulted in the loss of most wall decorations, original floors in the wings and the original ceiling. New concrete floors destroyed the frieze in the main hall.

Reconstruction
In 2005, Borussia (Fundacja Borussia) and Association of Olsztyn’s Fancies initiated the reconstruction of the building which began in 2008. Borussia is a Polish Foundation founded in 1990 and dedicated to the unbiased research of East Prussian heritage in the area, which had been tabooed for decades in Communist Poland. The restoration project was made with the support of European Founds ("Operation Program Warmia and Mazury 2007-2013 )

The building and the adjacent cemetery were acquired by the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland. Since 21 March 2013, the 126th anniversary of the Mendelsohn's birth, the building has been used as a center for intercultural dialogue by the "Borussia" Foundation and was named Mendelsohn House (Dom Mendelsohna) in memory of its architect.

The gatehouse hosts the Borussia's offices, and Mendelsohn House is used for concerts, expositions, workshops and tourism.

Description of the buildings
The Mendelsohn House is a beautiful couple of Jewish buildings that were used to prepare Jewish burial ceremonies.
Its history is deeply linked to the Jewish culture and the search for information leads automatically to the Jewish habits and tradition.

In the Jewish culture the body is always hidden from the public and it is washed and dressed by a group of people, the Chevra Kadisha, that conduct this ceremony as volunteers. The Chevra Kadisha, the sacred society, is a group of pious men and women who have taken on the obligation of ritually preparing the deceased. They perform the Taharah, which means purification. These people ritually bathe the deceased and then dress the person in Tachrichim, shrouds, the Traditional burial garments.
The Mendelsohn House has been shaped to be the perfect spot to organize and complete these tasks.

The entrance of the first building was divided into three small rooms one adjacent to the others. The door led into the central room and at the left there was the bathing chamber where the dead bodies were washed following the Jewish rules. This ceremony was private, that's why the room was closed by walls, now the walls don't exist anymore, but it is still possible to see their marks on the floor and on the other main walls. The decoration of this room has been deduced from some small pieces of the original plaster and mosaic that during the years have been covered with new layers of plaster and colors. The care that Mendelsohn took to design this room probably reflects the importance that it had: the corners where the walls meet the ceiling are rounded and the ceramics on the bottom part of the walls are of a bright white, the upper part has been designed by blue rectangles and lines that create the boundaries of big parts of plaster. Probably in the center of each square there was a decoration but, due to the horrible condition of the building (between 1996-2006) and the works that had been made before the restoration, it is impossible to clearly understand the shape, it is just possible to see some blue small dots.

At the other side of the main chamber there is what was thought to be one room, but it was discovered later that it was divided in two. The real function of this spot is unclear, it could probably be two dressing rooms for the Chevra Kadisha members: there is an exhaust pipe (there is one also in the washing chamber) that could be used to warm up the water. Strangely the pipes are completely clean.

The central room, the atrium, is in between the washing chamber and the dressing rooms and it is the first room after the entrance. With a dark pavement and dark purple walls, it could be the metaphorical entrance into the death.

The most important room it is, without doubts, the consecration hall. This room was the one where the ceremony used to take place. The big central space is enclosed by a gallery, three columns at each side describe two small corridors illuminated by three windows. The original white floor is decorated by a black Star of David in the center, that corresponds perfectly to the center of the dome. All the way around the gallery there was the Hebrew inscription "And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul; then shall the light rise in the obscurity, and thy darkness be as noon day" from the Isaiah's book 58:10. We know about this particular because Mendelsohn himself took some photos and kept them in his archives. In one of them it is clearly readable part of this verse.

Extremely important is the roof, probably the finest expression of the Mendelsohn's genial mind. The Jewish law states that the Koheni (the Priest) and the dead body can't be under the same roof. Mendelsohn found a special solution to this problem: he built two domes one in the other, where the internal one do not touch the external one, creating this way two roofs. While the external one creates the shape of the entire building, the internal one gives personality to the central room. Of square shape, the dome rise up decorated by blue and green mosaics that, from the bottom the line where the ornament with the Isaish's book quotation was to the peak of the roof, design lines and patterns. At the peak, in correspondence of the Star of David of the floor, there is another Star of David, smaller, but far brighter, made of golden pieces. The contrast between the soft and the dark parts of the mosaic makes the golden parts even shiner of how they effectively are, creating a spot of light right in the center of the dome. It is now possible to observe the structure of the domes by going upstairs where some windows have been created to show visitors the Mendlsohn’s  architectural trick.

The last room is at the opposite side of the commemoration room and it can be defined as the Koheni room. This chamber was divided in three, now is an open space. The central part was probably the spot where the body was taken and placed on the chariot that would lead the body to the cemetery, passing thought a big door where on the top was written in Hebrew "For surely there is an end; and thin expectation shall not be cut off" from the Proverbs' book 23:18. The left part was the room where the Kohenim prepared themselves for the ceremony, there is, in fact, another door, probably the priest-door, because the Kohenim are not allowed to pass from the same door as dead body.

References

External links

 borussia.pl

Houses completed in 1913
Erich Mendelsohn buildings
Buildings and structures in Olsztyn
Art Nouveau architecture in Poland
1913 establishments in Germany


title: Economics of Land Degradation Initiative

text:
The Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative is a global initiative which aims to increase awareness of the benefits of sustainable land management and economic consequences of land degradation.

The ELD Initiative was co-founded in 2011 by the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), the European Commission (EC) and is hosted by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The ELD Secretariat is based in Bonn, Germany.

The ELD Initiative is focused on developing globally relevant data and methodology on the economic benefits of land and land based ecosystems for decision-makers. This way, the Initiative highlights the benefits of adopting sustainable land management practices and seeks to establish a global approach to conducting economic analyses of land management. Moreover, the ELD Initiative provides a platform for discussion between stakeholders from the policy, science and private sectors, as well as a Knowledge Hub providing a database of educational materials, related knowledge and access to a broad range of scientific and policy publications.

Background

Land degradation
Land degradation and desertification threaten people’s livelihood on a global scale. Every year, 20 million hectares of fertile land become degraded and within the last 40 years, around one third of the total agricultural land on earth has become unproductive through degradation processes. Less developed countries are more vulnerable to desertification and land degradation, as they lack the infrastructure and capital to deal with this threat and implement long-term sustainable land management. Soil on degraded land is less resilient and crops grown on degraded soil produce lower yields.
Land degradation also negatively influences global food security: in the next 25 years, global food production might drop by up to 12%. This will lead to an increase in average food prices of up to 30%.
Estimates show that the annual costs of land degradation are up to €3.4 trillion. Paired with the growing world population and an increasing demand for alternative land management products such as biofuels land degradation causes poverty, food insecurity, reduced availability of clean water, and increased vulnerability towards climate change and extreme weather conditions.

Land is covered by different ecosystems, which can be valued to include all the services they provide to society: supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural services. These ecosystem services were estimated in 2011 to have a global worth of USD 125 trillion/yr. This shows a decrease of USD 20.2 trillion/yr since 1997, caused by land use and management changes .[6] Sustainable land management practices are not usually costly to take up, and could deliver up to USD 1.4 trillion, merely in crop production, if adopted .[7]

Economic valuation of land degradation
Economics of land degradation look at the true costs of degrading land and land-based ecosystems as well as the benefits that derive from sustainable management of land and land-based ecosystems. The ELD Initiative provides ground-truthed tools and assessments that allow other parties to undertake cost-benefit analyses of land and land use through total economic valuation. This approach helps to shine a light on the hidden values of land that are very often not considered when taking decisions about its management (e.g., nutrient cycling, water retention, storm protection).

The ELD Initiative also recognises that some aspects of land are invaluable in that the very existence of humanity depends on the land and thus has infinite value. Nevertheless, economic information is used by decision makers for land use, land use change and management. Fully informed economic valuations are a central component of these decision-making processes, especially as economics provide a common language for different stakeholders to discuss their needs, costs, and gains, and come to optimal, mutually beneficial sustainable land management strategies.

Structure

Formation
In 2010, a scientific foundation was created to promote the issues of sustainable land management and food security on a scientifically sound basis and increase public awareness for the importance of productive soils.

The Initiative is guided by a Steering Group consisting of  the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, the European Commission, and the permanent Secretariat to the UNCCD, and coordinated by the ELD Secretariat. The Initiative produces reports for decision makers and practitioners, case studies, policy briefs and education materials. These outputs are distributed to and applied by its policy, private sector and scientific partners. The ELD Secretariat is responsible for the coordination of processes within the Initiative and serves as the first contact point for all existing and potential partners.

ELD Ambassadors
The Initiative is also represented by ELD Ambassadors, who play a crucial role in the coordination of ELD activities on the national level and represent the Initiative in their respective countries. In their function as ambassadors, they help:
 to establish linkages between research institutions and the policy sector to motivate and facilitate science-policy dialogues regarding the need for a shift of policies towards the promotion of sustainable land management practices;
 to lobby for holistic economic valuation in the research and policy community, taking into account the value of ecosystem services;
 to disseminate results of ELD studies on national and international level in order to attract attention to the economic dimension of land degradation and benefits of sustainable land management.

Partners
The ELD Initiative has a global network of partners including CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems, United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Stockholm Environment Institute, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), UNDP, UNEP, Australian National University, University of Leeds, AMURE, ICARDA, Global Mechanism and IUCN.

ELD Initiative further focuses on collaborating with the Private Sector as one of the main drivers for land degradation processes,[9]to help businesses identify eco-investment opportunities and incentives linked to the preservation and sustainable management of soils.

Outputs

Publications
The ELD Initiative has an database of publications targeted at a variety of stakeholders. These include the 'Scientific Interim Report’, which details the general approach and methods considered by the Initiative and the 'Business Brief''' outlines a methodology for risk assessment. In 2015, ELD published reports tailored for policymakers and the private sector.

In September 2015, ELD produced a ‘main’ report, The Value of Land.'' This publication details the monetary worth of land, the steps and methods that can be used to effectively conduct economic assessments of land values, and actions for the successful management and use thereof. Additionally, it provides global scenarios with information on important ecosystems and the potential future impacts based on the various possible economic conditions governing its management. The significance of stakeholder engagement is outlined with country-level examples. The report was launched at the 70th United Nations General Assembly in Brussels.

Capacity building courses
The ELD Initiative further offers Capacity building activities for decision-makers through MOOCs, trainings and national level learning and teaching materials to engage researchers and current and future decision-makers.

ELD Campus
In 2019, the ELD Initiative launched the ELD Campus, which offers a learning and teaching toolkit for the valuation of ecosystem services. It can be used at different levels – from policymakers and researchers, to students and aspiring ELD practitioners – in all fields of scientific background.

The campus provides a comprehensive education toolkit to gain:

 An awareness of the rationale behind economic valuation of ecosystem services;
 An understanding of how economic valuation is done and how the information can be used:
 in policy-making and planning regarding land use;
 in the field as an ELD practitioner;
 in training curricula.
 In-depth methodological knowledge on how to apply the ELD approach to economic valuations of ecosystem services..

Activities
The ELD Initiative is focused on stakeholder dialogues, capacity building and technical expertise and development of solutions. Specifically, the Initiative works in the following five activity areas:

 Awareness Raising: Communicating recommendations to land users, owners and public and private decision-makers to improve land management.
 Capacity Development: Training to build or develop capacity, both in-class, online and through guided application of the ELD approach.
 Stakeholder Consultation: Bringing together a range of experts and policy-decision makers to work together at the science-policy interface.
 Study Design/Research: Producing syntheses of methods and develop case studies serving as examples of holistic assessments.
 Policy Dialogue: Contributing to science-policy dialogue by providing evidence that may help review, revise and redesign policy to better promote more sustainable land management and in the Green Economy context.

Current activities - Regreening Africa Project
The Regreening Africa Project, co-funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, the European Commission’s Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development (DG DEVCO) and carried out jointly by the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative and ICRAF started in 2017. It aims to improve livelihoods, food security and climate change resilience by restoring ecosystem services. The project target countries are Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, and Somalia.

The ELD Initiative led the first phase of the project from 2017 - 2020 by conducting case study cost-benefit analyses in each target country. These case studies are aimed at raising awareness of the threats and opportunities of different land use options, and extending the capacity of national experts to assess the economic benefits of investments in sustainable land management in consideration of the costs of land degradation. Based on these assessments, decision-makers and administrators will have access to scientific information on the economic consequences of land degradation and optional pathways to rural growth.

The results of the Initiative's work facilitate the initiation of policy dialogues, aiming to create additional awareness for the issue of land degradation and raising additional investments into sustainable land management measures, notably into Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR).

The project is financed by the European Commission and co-financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and is carried out jointly by the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative and ICRAF.

Publications

ELD reports

The Value of Land Français: Le valeur des terres
Report for policy and decision makers Français: Rapport à l'intention des décideurs politiques
Report for the private sector Français: Rapport pour le secteur privé
The Economics of Land Degradation Neutrality in Asia
ELD Central Asia Regional Report
The Economics of Land Degradation in Africa Français: L'économie de la dégradation des terres en Afrique
ELD Fact Sheet on Africa Français: Fiche d'information Africa
ELD Scientific Interim Report
ELD Business Brief
ELD Assessment
ELD Practitioner's Guide 2015 Français: Guide du praticien
ELD Practitioner's Guide 2014  (Français)  (русский)   (Türkçe)   (हिंदी)
ELD User guide Français : Guide d'utilisation
ELD Initiative - Brochure  Français: Une initiative mondiale pour la gestion durable des terres

Case studies

ELD Case Study of Ghana
Français: Synthèse des quatre cas d’étude ELD  au Sénégal
ELD Case Study of Namibia
ELD Case Study of Benin Français: L’économie de la dégradation des terres au Bénin
ELD Kenya Project Report
 ELD Case Study of Jordan
 ELD Case Study of Mali Français: Évaluation économique de l'agroforesterie et de la restauration des terres dans la foret du Kelka au Mali
 ELD Case Study of Ethiopia
 ELD Case Study of Botswana's Kalahari

Policy briefs

 Français: ELD Case Study of Senegal - Policy Brief
 ELD Case Study of Namibia - Policy Brief
 ELD Case Study of Kazakhstan - Policy Brief Russian: Аналитическая записка по тематическому исследованию в Казахстане
 ELD Case Study of Kyrgyzstan - Policy Brief Russian: Аналитическая записка по тематическому исследованию в Кыргызстане
 ELD Case Study of Tajikistan - Policy Brief Russian: Аналитическая записка по тематическому исследованию в Таджикистане
 ELD Case Study of Turkmenistan - Policy Brief Russian: Аналитическая записка по тематическому исследованию в Туркменистане
 ELD Case Study of Uzbekistan - Policy Brief Russian: Аналитическая записка по тематическому исследованию в Узбекистане
 ELD Case Study of Georgia - Policy Brief

References

External links
ELD official website
ELD on Twitter and YouTube and Facebook
Key Topics of the UNCCD
United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health
ELD Massive Open Online Courses
Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung

Ecological economics
Sustainable agriculture
Food security
Desertification
International climate change organizations


title: Eucosma pentagonaspis

text:
"Eucosma" pentagonaspis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

References

Moths described in 1931
Eucosmini


title: Saint Paul the First Hermit Cathedral

text:
The Cathedral Parish of Saint Paul the First Hermit, also known as the San Pablo Cathedral, is the see of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo located in San Pablo, Philippines. Its titular is Saint Paul the First Hermit and its feast is celebrated every January 15.

History

16th to 18th centuries
Spanish captain Juan de Salcedo first arrived in the upland village of Sampaloc in 1571. The area's name was officially changed to San Pablo de los Montes in 1586, in honor of Paul the First Hermit. That same year, San Pablo became an independent parish, and the first church made of wood was constructed under the auspices of Augustinian priest Mateo Mendoza.

From 1618 to 1629, a second church was constructed from stone by Hernando Cabrera. In 1680 Juan Labo laid the foundations for the current church. This building was started in 1714 and completed in 1721 by Francisco Juan de Elorreaga. The Franciscans later administered the parish of San Pablo (which was then part of the province of Batangas) on April 4, 1794 with Andres Cabrera as parish priest. Cabrera added the brick-stone wall and built a stone cemetery in 1796.

19th century
Renovations on the church building and the convent were conducted from 1839 to 1858 under the auspices of Peregrin Prosper. Eugenio Garcia, Francisco Vellon, and Santiago Bravo added the transept from 1871 to 1877, 1878 to 1884, and 1884 to 1888, respectively. In 1898 administration was transferred to the secular priests, with Francisco Alcantara as the first parish priest from the seculars.

20th century
The convent housed the Minor Seminary of St. Francis of Sales of the Congregation of the Mission (also known as Padre Paules) from 1912 to 1939. The convent was heavily damaged during the liberation of the Philippines in 1945. With the help of the parishioners, the church was rebuilt from 1948 to 1954 under the supervision of Juan Coronel and Nicomedes Rosal.

The parish church of San Pablo became a cathedral with the establishment of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo by the Apostolic Letter Ecclesianum Perempla on November 28, 1966. It was canonically erected on April 18, 1967, with Bishop Pedro N. Bantigue installed as the first bishop of San Pablo.

21st century
In 2013, Bishop Leo Drona of the San Pablo diocese submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict XVI and the pope named Bishop Buenaventura Famadico to succeed him. The diocese is estimated at over two million Catholics.

In, 2015 the facade of the cathedral was restored to its original design sans the concrete crown added in the American period. Damage done when a concrete porte cochere was added were repaired. Restoration was scheduled to be done by the end of the Diocesan 50th Jubilee.

Gallery

Notes

Bibliography

External links

 Cathedral Parish of Saint Paul the First Hermit on Facebook

Buildings and structures in San Pablo, Laguna
Roman Catholic churches in Laguna (province)
Marked Historical Structures of the Philippines
Roman Catholic cathedrals in the Philippines
Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Pablo


title: Eucosma tholeropis

text:
"Eucosma" tholeropis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanghai, China.

References

Moths described in 1934
Eucosmini


title: National Automotive Innovation Centre

text:
The National Automotive Innovation Centre (NAIC), sometimes referred to as the National Automotive Innovation Campus, is a building at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom. It is a joint venture between the University's WMG, Jaguar Land Rover and Tata Motors. The building was opened by HRH The Prince of Wales on 18 February 2020.

History
The NAIC will be a focus for automotive research, combining expertise from industry, university academics and supply chain companies. It is intended to support advances in technology to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and vehicle emissions. The 150 million project is funded by a range of partners: £50 million of the project funding is being provided by the University of Warwick's development partners, Jaguar Land Rover, with additional funding from WMG and Tata Motors European Technical Centre. The remaining £15 million is from the government's Higher Education Funding Council for England.

The four-storey building, designed by Cullinan Studio, will have a total floorspace of 33,964 square metres. It is estimated that around 1,060 people will be employed at the site. Facilities in the building are expected to include research and development facilities, an engineering hall, a virtual reality lab, design workshops, teaching facilities, offices, meeting rooms, library, outdoor car viewing garden, a publicly accessible showroom and café.

Coventry City Council approved the plans on 26 June 2014. Construction is expected to start in 2014 with the building set to be completed by 2016.

The building is named The Prof. Lord Bhattacharyya Building after Lord Bhattacharyya. It is on the main road of the Warwick campus, which was renamed Lord Bhattacharyya Way in 2018.

References

External links

Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
Engineering education in the United Kingdom
Engineering research institutes
Research institutes in the West Midlands (county)
Innovation in the United Kingdom
University of Warwick


title: Naishadha Charita

text:
Naishadha Charita, also known as Naishadhiya Charita (), is a poem in Sanskrit on the life of Nala, the king of Nishadha. Written by Sriharsha, it is considered one of the five mahakavyas (great epic poems) in the canon of Sanskrit literature. It was composed by Śrī Harṣa in the court of Gahaḍavāla King Jayachandra.

Contents
Naishadha Charita presents the story of Nala's early life; his falling in love with Damayanti, their marriage, and honeymoon.

This  mahakavya  is divided into two parts – Purva and Uttara, each of them containing eleven cantos or divisions. Its story is that of Nala and Damayanti, the daughter of Bhima, the king of Vidarbha. This story is first related in the 3rd part of Vanaparva of the Mahabharata, where the treatment is different. The language of the Naishadha Charita is highly elaborate and polished, with continual play upon words and variety of metres. Shishupala Vadha of Magha and Naishadha Charita of Sriharsha are considered tests for scholars; of the Naishadha it is said that Naishadham Vidvad-aushadham, that it is the "Scholars’ tonic".

Characters
The main characters of the poem are:
 Nalaking of Naishadha
 DamayantiNala's beloved, and later his wife
 Saraswatigoddess of learning
 Indraking of heaven
 Gods as suitors to Damayanti

Plot

The first canto begins with an elaborate description of Nala, his physical beauty, valour and other qualities. The minstrels visiting the court of Nala bring the news of Damayanti, the daughter of King Bhimna, as an accomplished and charming lady. Love for that princess was thus kindled in Nala. Unable to bear it, he went to a pleasure garden in his palace where seize a beautiful he saw swan. It cried in horror and was let off by the kind prince. It went to Kundinapura, the capital city of King Bhima, and managed to find Damayanti in a garden there. The swan gave her a good picture of Nala and assured her of its services in fostering mutual affection between her and Nala. It flew to Nala and apprised him of Damayanti's enviable attainments. King Bhima was informed of his daughter's ailment, which was virtually love-sickness, by the innocent and inexperienced companions of Damayanti. Thereupon, Bhima, made arrangements for the swayamvara (an ancient Indian practice whereby a girl chooses a husband from a list of suitors) of his daughter.

Meanwhile, Indra, the king of the gods, learnt from Narada the news of Damayanti's swayamvara and of her steadfast love for Nala. Natural fascination to win the hand of a damsel goaded Indra to attend the swayamvara. He got down to earth with gods Agni, Yama, Varuna and Shani (Saturn) and met on his way Nala, who too was proceeding to attend the swayamvara. He was unable to contain his envy on noticing Nala's enchanting appearance and so resorted to a ruse by requesting Nala to be the emissary of the gods and impress upon Damayanti of their unequalled worthiness. The rewards that are vouchsafed traditionally to one who offers his service to another in need were brought by Indra to the notice of Nala, who was otherwise unwilling and at the same time felt the delicacy of refusing the request of the divine beings. At last, he agreed and was sent to the harem of Damayanti, remaining invisible to others — a boon granted to him by the gods.

Keeping his identity unknown to Damayanti, Nala attempted to deliver to her the message of the gods but his well-reasoned arguments on behalf of the gods were not acceptable to Damayanti, who was against a human being seeking an alliance with the gods. Nala's warning that the gods would create problems and obstacles in her married life, if she chose someone else, did not defer her from her steadfast love for Nala. At last, Nala revealed his identity and left the harem.

The four gods assumed a form that was identical to Nala's and were there along with Nala, virtually presenting five Nalas. At the instance of Vishnu, Saraswati, the goddess of learning, became the bridesmaid for Damayanti. She took the princess to the kings and spoke highly of the worth of each one, but they were all rejected by Damayanti. At last, the princess was brought before the five Nalas. Sarasvati described each god in such a manner that her words attributable to that god were also contained in her description. Damayanti was perplexed. She felt that Nala was a master of many lores and could understand even the intentions of horses and so he was there presenting himself in five forms. She was unable to know the real Nala and in a mood of anguish prayed to the gods to reveal their identity and enable her to choose Nala. She found that the gods did not touch the ground with their feet, did not wink and had no sweat on their bodies. Their garlands did not fade. Thus she became certain about their identity.

On knowing Nala's identity, bashfulness took full control of her. She would put the garland around Nala's neck but her fingers did not move even a little to do so, restraint and bashfulness forbidding her. She whispered into the ears of Saraswati uttering the letter  (lit. no) and stopped. She touched the fingers of Saraswati who laughed at this. The bridesmaid took the princess before Nala and addressed the gods that Damayanti, a chaste woman, would not choose any of them and requested them to shower their favour on the princess. The gods gave their assent through the movement of their eyebrows and returned to their regions. The marriage celebrations followed on a grand scale.

Kali, the evil genius, met the gods who were returning to their regions, and was informed of Damayanti's choice. He avowed to spoil the happy life of the wedded pair and took his position on a tree in Nala's mansion.

The last five cantos deal with the happy life of Nala and Damayanti. The poet takes care to show that Nala did not violate the rules of conduct in his religious acts. The poem abruptly ends after narrating Damayanti's beauty in the moonlit night.

Events occurring in each chapter

The progress of the story spanning across 22 chapters is presented below, by showing the significant events covered in a range of verses. The verse numbers referred to here are taken from the book Naishadhiya Charitam Of Harsha published by Nirnaya Sagar Press.

Sarga 1

Sarga 2

Sarga 3

Sarga 4

Sarga 5

Sarga 6

Sarga 7

Sarga 8

Sarga 9

Sarga 10

Sarga 11

Sarga 12

Sarga 13

Sarga 14

Sarga 15

Sarga 16

Sarga 17

Sarga 18

Sarga 19

Sarga 20

Sarga 21

Sarga 22

Date and authorship
Sriharsa flourished during the 12th century A.D. He lived during the reign of Jayachandra of Kanauj who was defeated by Shihabuddin in 1193 A.D.

Translations
Naishadha Charita was translated into Telugu by the 15th-century Telugu poet Srinatha. It was translated into English by Krishna Kanta Handique, and into Hindi by Guman Mishra and Rishinatha Bhatta.

References

External links
Naishadha-charita English translation (searchable and includes glossary)
  (English translation)

Sanskrit poetry
Epic poems in Sanskrit
12th-century Indian books
Poems based on the Mahabharata


title: John Crook (classicist)

text:
John Anthony Crook FBA (5 November 1921 – 7 September 2007) was a professor of ancient history at the University of Cambridge and an authority on the law and life of ancient Rome. He wrote several chapters for the Cambridge Ancient History and was an accomplished linguist.

Early life and education
Crook was born in Balham, South London, and educated at Dulwich College. He received a London County Council scholarship to attend St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1939 which he followed with postgraduate study at the University of Oxford.

Academic career
Crook was first appointed University Lecturer in Classics at the University of Reading. He returned to St. John's in 1951 as a Fellow of the College and University Lecturer in Classics, rising to become Professor of Ancient History.

He kept the same rooms at St John's for 55 years and at the College Classical Society, which met in his rooms for 50 years, he would attempt to get the society to sing in Latin. One favourite was "Waltzing Matilda", in which the chorus began with the Latin word for swag: "ambiclitella! ambiclitella!".

Having been appointed a Fellow in 1970, Crook resigned from the British Academy in 1980, in protest at their failure to expel the British art historian and Soviet spy Anthony Blunt.

To mark his 80th birthday in 2001, he was presented with a Festschrift, Thinking Like a Lawyer, edited by Paul McKechnie.

The John Crook Scholarship, named in Crook's honor, is available to students studying for a second, two-year degree, at St John's College, Cambridge.

War service
During the Second World War, Crook was drafted into the 9th Royal Fusiliers in 1942. He served in the Middle East and North Africa before being captured during the allied landings in Italy in 1943. He was sent to Stalag Luft VIII-B at Lamsdorf in Silesia as a prisoner of war. At that camp he learned German, and taught languages to other prisoners. He practiced his clarinet, which was the same instrument his father, a military bandsman, had played. He also developed his acting in Shakespearean roles. He began his military service as a private, but ended as a sergeant in the Royal Army Educational Corps.

Selected publications
Consilium Principis: Imperial Councils and Counsellors from Augustus to Diocletian. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1955.
Law and Life of Rome. Thames and Hudson, London, 1967.
Legal Advocacy in the Roman World. Duckworth, London, 1995.

References

People educated at Dulwich College
1921 births
2007 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Professors of Ancient History (Cambridge)
Academics of the University of Reading
People from Balham
Fellows of the British Academy
Alumni of the University of Oxford


title: List of Gogglebox episodes

text:
Gogglebox is a television review programme that was narrated by Caroline Aherne until April 2016 and Craig Cash after that. It features recurring British couples, families and friends sitting in their living rooms watching and commenting on various television series. This is a list of all broadcast episodes. All dates are the first broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. There was a "Brexit Special" episode of Gogglebox on 3 August 2016 and on 10 September 2021, an all black cast of Celebrity Gogglebox was featured as part of a “Black To Front” day, in which the aim was to amplify black talent, voices and stories, as part of Channel 4's "ongoing commitment to improve Black representation on- and off-screen". On 11 March 2023, there was a special 90 minute episode, to celebrate the 10 year anniversary of the show, with many previous stars returning for the occasion.

A junior version of the show, called Gogglesprogs, launched with a Christmas Special on Christmas Day 2015, and was followed by six other episodes which began airing from 17 June 2016 until 22 July 2016. On 30 May 2017, another spin-off series titled Vlogglebox was announced. It aired on E4 and featured reactions from 16 to 24-year-olds watching online content on their smartphones, laptops or tablets. In 2019, a celebrity version of Gogglebox was ordered, which returned in 2020 for a second series, a third series in 2021, a fourth in 2022 and a fifth in 2023.

Series overview

Episodes

Series 1 (2013)

Series 2 (2013)

Series 3 (2014)

Series 4 (2014)

Series 5 (2015)

Series 6 (2015)

Series 7 (2016)

Gogglesprogs Series 1 (2016)

Series 8 (2016)

Series 9 (2017)

Gogglesprogs Series 2 (2017)

Vlogglebox Series 1 (2017)

Series 10 (2017)

Series 11 (2018)

Series 12 (2018)

Series 13 (2019)

Celebrity Gogglebox Series 1 (2019)

Series 14 (2019–20)

Series 15 (2020)

Celebrity Gogglebox Series 2 (2020)

Series 16 (2020–21)

Series 17 (2021)

Celebrity Gogglebox Series 3 (2021)

Series 18 (2021–22)

Series 19 (2022)

Celebrity Gogglebox Series 4 (2022)

Series 20 (2022–23)

Series 21 (2023)

Celebrity Gogglebox Series 5 (2023)

Series 22 (2023–)

References

External links

Gogglebox


title: Dhrupad Kendra Bhopal

text:
The Dhrupad Kendra Bhopal (Devanāgarī: ध्रुपद केन्द्र भोपाल) is an institution for training Dhrupad singers, established  by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in the state capital Bhopal in 1981 to impart training in the Indian teacher-apprentice or Guru-shishya tradition of education in Dhrupad one of the oldest surviving genres of Indian classical music.

History

The Dhrupad Kenra was established  by the Department of Culture of the Government of Madhya Pradesh in the State Capital Bhopal in 1981 as a result of the efforts of noted Hindi poet and bureaucrat Ashok Vajpeyi who was then the Secretary of Culture of State and noted film maker Mani Kaul. At a meeting at the Cannes Film Festival the two persuaded renowned Dhrupad exponent of the Dagar style Zia Fariduddin Dagar, who had then virtually settled in Europe, to return to India and assume the directorship of the Dhrupad Kendra since it was felt at that time that the ancient Dhrupad tradition was on the verge of extinction and capable bearers of the tradition needed to be trained outside the University system of education using the traditional guru shisya system within an institutionalized set up. A committee of eminent persons was appointed and it was decided that  students would be trained in the traditional system in batches each lasting a period of four years supported by a small scholarship from the State.

Functioning and teaching methodology

To train performers in the prescribed short period of four years Zia Fariduddin Dagar developed innovative new methods of teaching that departed from the orthodox traditional system. He considerably shortened the long period of initial technical training and quickly went on to teaching alap, compositions and improvisation in a very rigorous and demanding process of teaching, intensive practice and constant correction and supervision. Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar the elder cousin of Zia Fariduddin Dagar remained skeptical about the experiment preferring the slow and long orthodox traditional system of teaching of his family which lay emphasis on many years of technical grounding using technical exercises before starting training of Dhrupad alap, compositions, improvisation and the  shastra or the conceptual foundations of the art.

Students

The Dhrupad Kendra has trained a large number of students in the traditional system since its inception. Students of the Dhrupad Kendra who perform regularly in concerts today are Uday Bhawalkar, Umakant and Ramakant Gundecha (The Gundecha Brothers) from the first batch of students, Afzal Hussain, Ashish Sankrityayan, Manoj and Sulbha Saraf (The Dhrupad Duo), Sombala Kumar from the second batch, Lakhan Lal Sahu, Sulekha Kamble from the third batch,  Pallab Das, Rajesh Sendh, Vishal Jain from the fourth batch and Amit Sharma Bandhavi from the fifth batch. Dhrupad vocalists Nirmalya Dey and Abhijeet Sukhdane also studied independently at the Kendra from Zia Fariduddin Dagar. The Kendra also admits exceptional students who do not meet the admissions criteria from time to time on a non-scholarship basis.

Directors of the Dhrupad Kendra after Zia Fariduddin Dagar

In the early 2010s Zia Fariduddin Dagar started dividing his time between Mumbai and Bhopal, teaching also at the newly established Dhrupad Sansar, Cell for Human Values at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. He remained the director of the Dhrupad Kendra till his resignation in 2007 after which for a period of two years the Kendra was headed by Abhay Narayan Mallik renowned Dhrupad singer of the Darbhanga style. Since 2011 the Kendra is headed by Dagar tradition dhrupad singer Ashish Sankrityayan who had studied at the Dhrupad Kendra under Zia Faridduddin Dagar and later from his elder cousin Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar. Ashish Sankrityayan has in his teaching method at the Dhrupad Kendra combined the new teaching methods developed by Zia Fariduddin Dagar with the orthodox traditional system taught  by Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar. The students of the Dhrupad Kendra Bhopal batch that started training in December 2011 performed at the renowned Tansen Samaroh music festival in Gwalior  in 2012 and 2013.
The Dhrupad Kendra Bhopal is administered by the Ustad Alauddin Khan Sangeet Evam Kala Academy of the Madhya Pradesh Government.

Centers at Tikamgarh and Gwalior

In 1999 the Government of Madhya Pradesh started another center for traditional teaching of Dhrupad at Tikamgarh called the Maharaja Vir Singhjudeo Dhrupad Kendra in honour of Vir Singh Deo the former King of the Orchha State,  where the famed female Dhrupad singer Asgari Bai taught till her death in 2006. The Center was subsequently reopened two years after her death and eventually shifted to Gwalior and is presently headed by Dhrupad singer Abhijeet Sukhdane.

See also

Hindustani classical music
Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh

References

Organisations based in Bhopal
Music schools in India
Education in Bhopal
Educational institutions established in 1981
Hindustani music organisations
1981 establishments in Madhya Pradesh


title: Orculella cretiminuta

text:
Orculella cretiminuta is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Orculidae.

Geographic distribution
O. cretiminuta is endemic to Greece, where it occurs on the island of Crete and the neighbouring islets of Gavdos, Paximadia, Gianysada and Pseira.

See also
List of non-marine molluscs of Greece

References

Orculella
Molluscs of Europe
Endemic fauna of Greece
Gastropods described in 2004


title: Gibberifera glaciata

text:
Gibberifera glaciata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), Taiwan, Thailand, India, Nepal and Pakistan.

The larvae feed on Salix species.

References

Moths described in 1907
Eucosmini


title: Hussain Al-Musawi

text:
Hussain Al-Musawi (, ; born 11 July 1988) is a Kuwaiti former football player who played as a striker for Kuwaiti Premier League club Al Arabi and the Kuwait national football team.

International career

International goals
Scores and results list Kuwait's goal tally first.

Honors

Club
Kuwait Emir Cup 2007–08
Kuwait Crown Prince Cup 2011–12 2014-15
Kuwait Super Cup 2008, 2012
Kuwait Federation Cup 2013-14

International
Gulf Cup of Nations 2010
West Asian Football Federation Championship 2010

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Kuwaiti men's footballers
Kuwaiti people of Iranian descent
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) players
Footballers from Kuwait City
Kuwait men's international footballers
Kuwaiti Shia Muslims
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football wingers
Asian Games competitors for Kuwait
Kuwait Premier League players
Al-Salmiya SC players


title: Alfred Ransom (Royal Navy officer)

text:
Rear Admiral Alfred Charles Ransom CBE (1871–1953) was a senior Royal Navy officer.

Naval career
Born on 22 August 1871, Alfred Ransom was educated at Bedford Modern School (1878–84), and Bedford School. He received his first commission in the Royal Navy in 1888 and served during the anti-slavery Gambia Expedition, in 1894. He served in China during the Boxer Rebellion, between 1900 and 1901, and during the First World War, serving aboard  between 1914 and 1916. He attained the rank of paymaster rear admiral and retired from the Royal Navy in 1926.

Rear Admiral Alfred Ransom was invested as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1925. He died in Torquay on 28 June 1953.

References

1871 births
1953 deaths
People educated at Bedford Modern School
People educated at Bedford School
Royal Navy admirals
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Navy logistics officers


title: The Anglo-Welsh Review

text:
The Anglo-Welsh Review was a literary and cultural magazine published in Wales between 1949 and 1988. Its original title was ″Dock Leaves″, a reference to the fact that it was published in Pembroke Dock, the town in which its founding editor Raymond Garlick lived and taught in the local school. He published an account of the early years of the magazine in 1971. The name was changed in 1957 to reflect the editor’s work in defining a tradition of writing known as ‘Anglo-Welsh Literature’, prefigured in an editorial to the magazine in 1952 expressing the hope that “someone will persuade a publishing house to put forth a badly needed anthology of Anglo-Welsh poetry”. Garlick, together with fellow founder of the magazine Roland Mathias, eventually published such an anthology. The name change also placed the magazine in a tradition with ″The Welsh Review″ (1939-1948). Roland Mathias took over the editorship in 1960 by which time, financially supported by the Welsh Arts Council, it had become more substantial both in terms of the number of pages and the breadth of its coverage of Welsh cultural life. The magazine was subsequently edited by Gillian Clarke who joined Roland Mathias as Reviews Editor in 1973 and became its editor in 1976. Greg Hill joined her as Reviews Editor in 1980 and himself became editor in 1985.

The growth of the book review section indicates an  attempt to provide a coverage of all aspects of Welsh life but also enabled a series of reviews editors to take on a substantial editorial role and gradually move to co-editing before taking over as main editors. This process is well documented in memoirs by Gillian Clarke  Roland Mathias  and Greg Hill. The magazine had been printed since its early days and eventually published by  Five Arches Press and ceased publication in 1988 following a review of franchise arrangements linking Welsh Arts Council funded publications with printers. Following this review the publication grant was awarded to a consortium including The Welsh Academy for a magazine which has since been published as New Welsh Review.

References

1949 establishments in Wales
1988 disestablishments in Wales
Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1949
Magazines disestablished in 1988
Magazines published in Wales


title: Quello Cunca

text:
Quello Cunca (possibly from Quechua q'illu yellow, kunka throat, gullet, "yellow throat" or "yellow gullet") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. Quello Cunca lies southwest of the mountains Sullulluni, Llusca Ritti and Jori Pintay, southwest of the mountain Tocllayoc and north of the mountain Condor Puñuna.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: 2015 Madrid City Council election

text:
The 2015 Madrid City Council election, also the 2015 Madrid municipal election, was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 10th City Council of the municipality of Madrid. All 57 seats in the City Council were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Leading the People's Party (PP) local list was Esperanza Aguirre, former president of the Community of Madrid (2003–2012), president of the Senate of Spain (1999–2002) and minister of Education and Culture (1996–1999), as well as the leader of the regional PP branch since 2004. Mayor Ana Botella, who succeeded Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón early into his term in December 2011, had declined re-election in September 2014. The election was an unexpectedly close race between Aguirre's PP and former judge Manuela Carmena's Podemos-supported Ahora Madrid () platform. The collapse in the PP vote and the loss of its absolute majority allowed Carmena to gain power through an alliance with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), resulting in the first left-wing government in the city since 1989.

The PSOE suffered heavily from tactical voting to Ahora Madrid after it became apparent throughout the campaign that the left-of-centre vote was coalescing around Carmena's coalition. The newcomer liberal Citizens () party also entered the City Council for the first time, collecting votes disenchanted with the PP and replacing Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) as the main centrist local force. United Left (IU) fell below the 5% threshold and failed to gain any representation for the first time in history.

Electoral system
The City Council of Madrid () was the top-tier administrative and governing body of the municipality of Madrid, composed of the mayor, the government council and the elected plenary assembly. Elections to the local councils in Spain were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years.

Voting for the local assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered and residing in the municipality of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights, as well as resident non-national European citizens and those whose country of origin allowed Spanish nationals to vote in their own elections by virtue of a treaty. Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each local council. Councillors were allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale:

The mayor was indirectly elected by the plenary assembly. A legal clause required that mayoral candidates earned the vote of an absolute majority of councillors, or else the candidate of the most-voted party in the assembly was to be automatically appointed to the post. In the event of a tie, the appointee would be determined by lot.

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they were seeking election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. For the case of Madrid, as its population was over 1,000,001, at least 8,000 signatures were required.

Mayoral candidates

According to the Spanish legislation on local authorities, the government of cities is assigned to the City Council and the mayor. The Spanish political system is parliamentary democracy in all its levels of government, with the city council responsible for the election of the mayor.

People's Party (PP): The Mayor of Madrid, Ana Botella, announced her intention not to run for mayor in September 2014. Mariano Rajoy, the President of the PP, designated Esperanza Aguirre as candidate on 6 March 2015.
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE): The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party scheduled a primary election in October 2014. Regional assemblyman and frequent talk show guest Antonio Miguel Carmona and city councillor Enrique del Olmo announced their intention to run for the post. Candidates intending to run had to secure the endorsement of at least 20% of the party membership. On the closing day of the endorsement collection only Carmona had gathered the required endorsements, thus being nominated as party candidate without the primary election being held.
United Left (IU):United left of Madrid held an open primary election on 30 November 2014. The election was contested by:
Mauricio Valiente, assemblyman, representing the minority sectors in the last IU Regional Assembly
Raquel López, city councillor, representing the majority sectors.
Eulalia Vaquero, assembly woman, representing sectors disengaged from the majority.
Valiente defeated his rivals by securing 59% of the votes. However, he withdrew his candidacy after internal turmoil in the regional branch of the party and entered the Ahora Madrid election list, led by Manuela Carmena. Raquel López was designated as the new IU candidate for the local election instead.

Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD): The party's current spokesperson on the City Council, David Ortega, obtained a landslide victory (81% of the votes) against three largely unknown candidates.

Campaign
Electoral debates were held in Telemadrid between the candidates of the PP, PSOE, IU, UPyD, Vox, Citizens and Ahora Madrid in the last week of campaign, between 18 and 20 May. The most expected and tense moment came with the debate between PP candidate Esperanza Aguirre and AM Manuela Carmena, as the most-likely candidates to become the next Mayor of the city. Aguirre immediately accused Carmena of saying in the past that "ETA members had suffered a lot", trying to link the former judge with the terrorist group, as well as trying to discredit Carmena's career in the judiciary, which was seen as a furious attack of Aguirre on Carmena. The latter, visibly surprised, counterattacked responding that Aguirre was acting arrogantly and contemptuous to others and accusing her of allowing corruption to spread during her tenure as President of Madrid. "Please go, you've caused a lot of harm" said Carmena to Aguirre.

In the last days of the campaign, especially following her debate with Aguirre, several celebrities such as actors Pilar Bardem, Carlos Bardem, Loles León, Goya Toledo, Paco León, playwright Cristina Rota, lawyer and former politician Cristina Almeida and journalist Ernesto Ekaizer expressed their support for Carmena's candidacy, with actress Eva Hache going on to say through the Twitter social network that "I don't know if we are Manuela but surely we are not the other [in reference to Aguirre]. VOTE." Carmena had also received the support of dozens of artists who created drawings in support of Carmena's and Ahora Madrid candidacy, with the drawings themselves becoming viral in the social networks. Following the Telemadrid debate, after which Aguirre was highly criticised for her aggressive behaviour towards Carmena, supporters cast the drawings next to Aguirre's home in Malasaña. On 21 May, a Carmena's act in the center of Madrid exceeded its capacity, originally scheduled for 800 people, resulting in the closing of a street and in Carmena herself apologizing to the around 1,500 people outside that were not able to enter.

Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 29 seats were required for an absolute majority in the City Council of Madrid.

Results

Notes

References
Opinion poll sources

Other

Madrid
Elections in Madrid
2015 in Madrid


title: Sreekumari Ramachandran

text:
Sreekumari Ramachandran () is a Malayalam–language novelist, short story writer, orator, columnist, trained dancer and an accomplished singer from Kerala, India.

Biography
Sreekumari was born and brought up in Cochin. She is a graduate in Economics and is a Visharad in Hindi language. From a very early age, she was trained in Karnatic music and dance.

At the age of 10, in 1960 she won the 1st prize for folk dance in the Kerala State School Youth Festival. In the year 1962, she again won the 1st prize for Bharatanatyam and in 1964, won 1st prize for Music. IN 1966, won Ramankutty Menon Gold Medal for Karnatic Music from Maharaja's College Ernakulam.

After an early marriage to Adv.C.Ramachandra Menon, she chose to live the quite life of a homemaker for nearly twenty years. She started writing in the year 1988. By 1992 she got auditioned by the All India Radio and was subsequently elevated to B High grade in music. Since then she has presented Sugam Sangeet and Bhakthi Sangeeth on A.I.R Trichur and Doordarshan Trivandrum. She is the Founder President of Indian Society of Authors (Kerala Chapter), President of Toon Arts India, New Delhi and was the member of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy from 2002 to 2005. She has also served as a jury member of Kerala State Film Award Committee, Mathrubhumi – Medimix Film Award Committee and Filmfare Awards Committee.

Works

Short stories
 Nirmalyam – N B S Publications – 1993
 Parithraanam – D. C. Books −1995
 Thaiveru – Geethanjali Publications −1997
 Nakshatrangalkku Niramundo – Pen Books – 1999
 Vidhavakalude Graamam – Pen Books – 1999
 Pala Veshangalil Chila Manushyar – Pen Books – 2001
 Silence of the Grove – Millennium Books Delhi – 2003
 Muhajeer – Poorna Publications – 2005
 Pulachinthu – Poorna Publications – 2008
 Call girl – N B S Publications – 2011

Novels
 Kaalame Maappu Tharu – Geethanjali Publications – 1997
 Beyond The Final Episode – Harman Publishers Delhi – 2002
 Jalasamaadhi – Poorna Publications – 2004
 Agniveena – Current Books – 2005
 Dayaharji – Poorna Publications – 2010

History and Legends
Tales of Malabar – Prism Books, Bangalore – 2020

Music
 Sapthaswarangal
 Karnaataka Sangeetha Lokam – Mathrubhumi Books – 2007

Biography
 Meera – Mathrubhumi Books – 2006
 Amaavaasiyile Nakshatrangal – Poorna Publications −2007
 Sakthan Thampuran  - Poorna Publications
 Bharathathile Rishikavikal (Biography of 150 Saint Poets of India, in Malayalam) - Mathrubhoomi  Publications - 2019

Translation
From English To Malayalam

 Pride & Prejudice - Translation of "Pride & Prejudice" by Jane Austen - Mathrubhoomi Publications -
Kerala Samskaaram Oru Thiranottam - Translation of "Glimpses of Kerala Culture" by Princess Aswathy Thirunal Gauri Lakshmibayi – Mathrubhoomi Publications - 2012
Paliam Charithram - Translation of Paliam History by Prof. Radha Devi – Paliam Trust – 2013
Choothu - Translation of "AJAYA" by Anand Neelakantan - Mathrubhoomi Publications - 2017
Kali - Translation of "Kali" by Anand Neelakantan - Mathrubhoomi Publications - 2017
Shareeram Udaattamaaya Orupakaranam - Translation of "Body - The Greatest Gadget " By Sadguru Jaggi Vasudev - Mathrubhoomi Publications - 2016

From Malayalam To English

Ever with love P.K.Warrier - Translation of "Sasneham P.K Warrier" by Dr. Muralidharan – Kottakkal Aryavaidyasala – 2012
 Aithihyamaala – Translation of the legendary work "Aithihyamala" by Kottarathil Shankkunni  – Mathrubhoomi Publications - 2010
Vishnu Sahasra Naamam commentary - Translation of  "Vishnu Sahasra Naamam Vyakhyanam by Acharya A.K.B.NAIR- Bharathiya Vidya Bhavan Publication - 2016
Himalayan  Odyssey -Translation of “Hymavathabhoovil” by Sri.M.P Veerendrakumar, M.P.) - Penguin Random House - 2019

Children's Tales
 Then Kinnom
Aithyhyamaalaa abridged version (English)

Awards
 Rotary Literary Award – Parithraanam – 1997
 Tatapuram Sukumaran Award –  Vidhavakalude Graamam – 1999
 Malayala Dinam Award – Contributions to Malayalam literature – 2008
 Samskaara Sahiti Award – Contributions to Malayalam literature – 2010
 Khasak Award –  Pulachindu – 2011
 INSA-Literary Award – Contributions to Malayalam literature – 2011
 Dr.Suvarna Nalapat Trust Award – Translation of Aithihyamala– 2014

References

External links

Indian women poets
Indian women short story writers
Poets from Kerala
Writers from Kochi
Malayalam-language writers
Living people
1950 births
Indian women novelists
Indian women composers
Indian women children's writers
Indian children's writers
20th-century Indian biographers
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian novelists
20th-century Indian short story writers
20th-century Indian women writers
Indian women non-fiction writers
Women writers from Kerala
Novelists from Kerala
21st-century Indian women writers
21st-century Indian biographers


title: Theater law

text:
The , also known as the , is a Japanese law passed in 2012 to promote theaters and other performance venues.

Introduction
The Bunka Geijutsu Shinkō Kihonhō (The Fundamental Law for the Promotion of Culture and Arts) was an act established to revitalize theaters, music halls, cultural halls, and other venues where cultural performances take place. The law provided stipulations for individuals, groups, organizations, and governmental agencies that founded or managed theaters, and provided a legal framework for the cooperation of these entities. It also aimed to revitalize local communities.

History
In January 2012, the draft of the law was formulated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs. The impetus behind the law was the enactment of the Bunka Geijutsu Shinkō Kihonhō (The Fundamental Law for the Promotion of Culture and Arts) in 2001. After its enactment, people involved in culture and the arts (including members of the Nippon Geinō Jitsuenka Dantai Kyōgikai) began considering additional measures to support theaters. A government meeting occurred in 2010 to examine the idea, but further meetings were suspended for more than three months due to the Great East Japan earthquake on March 11, 2011. Additionally, the National Diet's budget for culture and art was reduced, and some objections had to be addressed. Eventually, a draft of the law was written.

The proposed law was presented to the National Diet in 2012, and went into effect in July 2012. In 2013, the Agency for Cultural Affairs began to collect ideas on ways to revitalize the theaters and arts, improve the quality of drama, and engage local communities.

Reception
Sentiments regarding the Theater Law were divided. Sawako Siga, director of a theatrical company, expressed concern that the Theater Law would have negative effects on culture; that Japanese people would pay less attention to plays, and that many private theaters would lose their individual identities by merging with large public theaters that received the bulk of subsidies.

Memorable episodes
The Agency for Cultural Affairs started the project in the 25th year of Heisei. It contained four projects:
 Tokubetu Siennzigyo, the project of special support.
 Kyodo Seisaku Siennzigyo, the project of supporting joint production.
 Katudobetu Siennzigyo, the project of support classified by activity.
 Gekizyo-Onngakudoto kann Network Kotiku Siennzigyo, the project of supporting network between theaters and music halls construction.
Each project gave financial support to suitable organizations. On May 17, 2013, the agency announced the result: the total number of applications was 133, and 108 organizations were adopted. The budget was 2,602 million. The same project was carried out in the 26th year of Heisei: on April 1, 2014, the agency announced that the total number of applications was 205, 165 organizations were adopted, and the budget was 2,869 million.

The organizations supported by these projects and the other organizations have tried to observe the Theater Law, so they have held many symposia. For example, the Nippon Geinō Jitsuenka Dantai Kyōgikai adopted a declaration on best practices for theaters, music halls, and art organizations, as well as enriching arts and local culture at the second forum, on January 20, 2014, and held a third forum on June 30, 2014, and on July 1, 2014.

References

2012 in law


title: Warren Dibble

text:
Warren Ambrose Dibble (21 February 1931 – 27 July 2014) was a New Zealand poet and playwright.

Early life and family
Dibble was born in Palmerston North on 21 February 1931, the son of Victor Thomas Dibble and Alma Dibble (née Edgecombe). His father was secretary of the Manawatu Racing Club, and committed suicide by gunshot in December 1932, having suffered from depression and what would now be understood as post-traumatic stress disorder following his service in World War I.

Writing career
Dibble was awarded the Robert Burns Fellowship from the University of Otago in 1969. Ralph Hotere, who was the Frances Hodgkins Fellow at Otago also in 1969, incorporated some of Dibble's poems into his artwork.  Dibble wrote plays for television, theatre and radio, including Killing of Kane, based on the deeds of Titokowaru in Taranaki in the 1860s, the anti-Vietnam war theatrical cartoon Operation Pigstick, the one-off tele-drama Double Exposure, Lord, Dismiss Us… and Lines to M.

Dibble moved to Sydney in the 1970s and died there in 2014.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
20th-century New Zealand poets
20th-century New Zealand male writers
New Zealand male poets
20th-century New Zealand dramatists and playwrights
New Zealand male dramatists and playwrights
People from Palmerston North
New Zealand emigrants to Australia


title: Yehuda L. Katzenelson

text:
Yehuda Leib Katsnelson, (Russian: Лев (Иегуда Лейб Вениамин) Израилевич Каценельсон; 29 November 1846, (Hebrew Calendar 10 Kislev 5690), Chernigov – 1917, Petrograd), also known by his pen name 'Buki Ben Yogli', was a military doctor, writer and publicist of Hebrew Literature.

Early life

Katznelson was born in November 1846 in Chernigov in the South-West Russian Empire (now in Ukraine). He studied at the Zhytomyr Rabbinical School and Teachers' Seminary, and began his medical study at the University of Saint Petersburg. During his studies he worked as a teacher of Hebrew for beginners at the Jewish school run by Eliezer Berman.

In 1865, Katzenelson attended the government-sponsored rabbinical seminary in Zhitomir.

Career

After graduating, he served as a military physician in the Ottoman–Russian War (1877–78). At the end of the war, Katznelson settled in Saint Petersburg.

As a young man, he worked for Hebrew-language newspapers (e.g.Today, a Russian newspaper) as an editor and contributed to articles on scientific matters.

He began to write about medical science, drawing on the Talmud as relevant to modern medicine. These articles were assembled later in his book The Wisdom of the Talmud and Medicine.
Katznelson did not identify as a Zionist at the beginning of his public career, but supported Jewish Territorialists. He was eager to promote Jewish-owned agricultural advances wherever possible, especially in southern Russia and the Jewish colonies in Argentina.

In 1909, he visited the Land of Israel and toured Jewish settlements. This visit changed his opinion; he abandoned territorialism and began to support practical Zionism.

After the resignation of Simon Dubnov, Katznelson was appointed to the main Iibrskyh encyclopedia. Katznelson taught Russian and lectured in Oriental Studies, focusing on the settlement of the Land of Israel. Many of Katznelson's books were published outside of Russia.

Katznelson Leib practiced medicine in St. Petersburg until his death in 1917.

He was the author of a work on talmudic medicine; among other topics it analyzed the parallels between vitiligo and biblical Tzaraath.

Katznelson developed fame with the Jewish people. Monographs on his life and works include those by David Frishman, Jacob Fichman, Ben-Zion Katz, Menachem Ribolob and Reuben Brainin, Messed Lachover and Israel Cohen.

Tel Aviv named a street after him, using his literary pseudonym "Buki Ben Yogli".

Literary work

 Nightingale / by Buki Ben Yogli, Warsaw: Achiassaf, 1894. (series' stories Buki Ben Yogli (for. Katznelson); booklet a)
 Tales and Stories (with an introduction by Reuben Brainin), New York:1918.
 Il Katzanalsan complete works, in three parts (published by Joseph Luria), St. Petersburg: Trs"h −1905.
 What I was seeing and my ears heard Memoirs of my life, Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1947.
 Mists of antiquity: historical painting, Odessa: Achiassaf, Tra"b −1912.
 Bone of organs: some episodes in the Thought of Creation, St. Petersburg: Trm"h −1887.
 Nightingale: a selection of stories (together with its history written by Jacob Fichman), Tel Aviv: Am Oved, Ts"d −1944.
 Medical Wisdom of the Talmud, Berlin: The Life, −1928.
 The lord of the field – a Children's Story

References

1846 births
1917 deaths
People from Chernihiv
19th-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Jews from the Russian Empire
Hebrew-language writers
Jewish physicians
Military doctors from the Russian Empire
Ukrainian military doctors
Jewish encyclopedists
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Ukrainian Zionists
Russian Zionists
Territorialism


title: Gibberifera simplana

text:
Gibberifera simplana, the least bell, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Hebei, Jilin, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu), Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Russia and Europe, where it has been recorded from Great Britain, France, the Benelux, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Baltic region.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July.

The larvae feed on Populus tremula and Salix species. They feed within a spun leaf on a terminal shoot of their host plant. Larvae can be found from August to September. Pupation takes place in a turned-down edge of a leaf, which then falls to the ground where the species overwinters in the pupal stage.

References

Moths described in 1836
Eucosmini
Taxa named by Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm


title: Gibberifera hepaticana

text:
Gibberifera hepaticana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Sichuan, Guizhou) and Japan.

The wingspan is 12–18 mm.

References

Moths described in 1994
Eucosmini


title: Orculella cretioreina

text:
Orculella cretioreina is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Orculidae.

Geographic distribution
O. cretioreina is endemic to Greece, where it occurs at disjunct locations, usually at high altitudes, on the island of Crete.

See also
List of non-marine molluscs of Greece

References

Orculella
Molluscs of Europe
Endemic fauna of Crete
Gastropods described in 2004


title: Harold Cressy High School

text:
Harold Cressy High School is a secondary school in District Six of Cape Town in South Africa. It was founded in January 1951 as the Cape Town Secondary School. The school has played a substantial role in South African history during the apartheid period and the building is identified as an important landmark.

History

The school's site has a long association with education. In 1934 the Jewish community built Hope Lodge Primary School on this site. Later the first tertiary education facility for coloured students was established here. It was called the Hewat Training College and it was still training teachers here in 1961; but it has since been renamed the College of Cape Town and is now based in Crawford.

This school was founded in January 1951 as the Cape Town Secondary School but it changed its name in 1953. In the beginning the school had three teachers supervising two year seven classes and one year eight. The building was a wooden framed fabrication with three classrooms in the grounds of the college.

The school is named for Harold Cressy who was the first coloured man to gain a Bachelor of Arts degree in South Africa.

Conflict
On 11 February 1966, P. W. Botha declared that District Six was to be emptied to make way for white residents under the Group Areas Act. However, like nearby Trafalgar High School, Harold Cressy High School refused to move. 60,000 people were moved from District Six by 1982 and they were rehoused in the Cape Flats some distance away.

The political instability has frequently affected the school, particularly during the uprisings of 1976, 1980 and 1985. During 1985 the disruption was acknowledged when the school decided to completely abandon the normal curriculum and instead devised lessons based around the political struggle at the time. The school acknowledged that educational reform was insufficient and larger changes were required to transform South African society. The authorities replied by suspending teachers and the imprisoning the chair of the parent-teacher association; two teachers were sent to prison. Helen Kies, who had recently retired after 35 years of teaching at the school, was imprisoned for a month in the belief that she may have been involved in organising the school boycotts that year.

Today

The school has been frequently under-resourced and for many years it has had no school hall, meaning that students sit on concrete floors in open space for school assemblies. The existing space allows 250 children to assemble, but the school enrolment is over 700. Recently the school's alumni association organised plans to help a school hall to be constructed.

The school is identified for playing a substantial role in South African history during the apartheid period when segregation and the forced removal of whole communities was possible. The building has Grade 2 heritage significance and it is also identified as an important local landmark.

In 2010 the school set up a twinning relationship with Nova Hreod Academy in Swindon, UK, so that their students can gain from studying the history of apartheid together. The following year David de Storie and Zaida Petersen from the school visited Nova Hreod Academy to exchange ideas about teaching science and maths. The plan was to get year 8 students at the school to compare their viewpoints of their carbon footprint and their environment with students in Swindon.

Provincial Heritage Site
Harold Cressy High School was declared a provincial heritage site in September 2014 by Heritage Western Cape in terms of Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act. This gives the site Grade II status and provides the site with protection under South African heritage law.

The school displays heritage significance in terms of its intrinsic historical, social, environmental, cultural and political value. The school represents the resistance to apartheid laws and is associated with the public memory of forced removals, segregation and academic excellence.

Notable alumni
 Mohamed Adhikari – professor at the University of Cape Town
 Rhoda Kadalie – the founder of the Gender Equity Unit at University of Western Cape (UWC)
 Trevor Manuel – South African cabinet minister

References

External links

Schools in Cape Town
1951 establishments in South Africa
Educational institutions established in 1951


title: Gibberifera mienshana

text:
Gibberifera mienshana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Shanxi) and the Russian Far East.

References

Moths described in 1971
Eucosmini


title: Haihe Plain

text:
Haihe Plain () is a plain located in the north of the North China Plain. It's named after the Hai River. The plain is bordered on the north by the Yanshan Mountains, on the west by the Taihang Mountains, to the south flows the Yellow River and to east fronts the Bohai Sea. Its area is approximately 120,000 square kilometers. Many important Chinese cities lie on the plain, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Cangzhou. The plain era is the main food grain region of North China.

Landforms of Hebei
Plains of China
North China Plain


title: Gibberifera monticola

text:
Gibberifera monticola is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

The wingspan is 15–17 mm.

References

Moths described in 1971
Eucosmini


title: Jori Pintay

text:
Jori Pintay (possibly from Quechua quri gold, pintay to paint / painting (a borrowing from Spanish pintar to paint)) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, in the districts Corani and Ollachea. Jori Pintay lies southeast of the mountains Sullulluni and Llusca Ritti, and northeast of the mountain Quello Cunca.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Puno Region


title: Joo Min-kyu

text:
Joo Min-kyu  (; born 13 April 1990) is a South Korean football player who plays for Ulsan Hyundai.

Club career
Joo was selected by Goyang Hi FC in the 2014 K League Challenge draft after graduating from Hanyang University.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Jeju United
K League 2: 2020
Ulsan Hyundai
K League 1: 2023
Individual
K League 1 top scorer: 2021
K League 1 Best XI: 2021, 2022

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
South Korean men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Goyang Zaicro FC players
K League 2 players
Hanyang University alumni
Seoul E-Land FC players
Gimcheon Sangmu FC players
Ulsan Hyundai FC players
Jeju United FC players
K League 1 players
People from Cheongju


title: Gibberifera qingchengensis

text:
Gibberifera qingchengensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Tianjin, Sichuan, Guizhou).

The wingspan is about .

References

Moths described in 1996
Eucosmini


title: Gibberifera yadongensis

text:
Gibberifera yadongensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Sichuan, Tibet).

References

Moths described in 1996
Eucosmini


title: Gibberifera clavata

text:
Gibberifera clavata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Tibet, China.

The wingspan is 15–17 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is light brown with a brown termen. The hindwings are grey.

Etymology
The species name refers to the uncus which is clubbed and unbifurcated apically in the male genitalia and is derived from Latin clavatus (meaning clubbed).

References

Moths described in 2004
Eucosmini


The Union for the Triumph of Democratic Renewal (, UTRD) was a political alliance in Benin.

History
The UTRD was established in 1991 to support presidential candidate Nicéphore Soglo, and initially consisted of the Democratic Union of the Forces of Progress (UDFP), the Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS) and the Union for Liberty and Development (ULD). It won 12 seats in the 1991 parliamentary election, emerging as the largest faction in the 64-seat National Assembly. Soglo went on to win the presidential elections in March, beating Mathieu Kérékou in a runoff.

Subsequently the alliance expanded, changing its name to New Republic (Nouvelle République) when an additional nine MPs joined. In 1993 it became Renewal (La Renouveau) after absorbing another 13 MPs, giving it a total of 34 seats. The Social Democratic Party, National Union for Solidarity and Progress and Union for Democracy and National Solidarity were amongst the parties that joined.

The alliance split prior to the 1995 elections. Of the three original parties, only the UDFP contested the elections, failing to win a seat.

References

1991 establishments in Benin
Defunct political party alliances in Benin
Political parties established in 1991
Political parties with year of disestablishment missing


title: 2014–15 RIT Tigers women's ice hockey season

text:
The RIT Tigers represented the Rochester Institute of Technology in College Hockey America during the 2014-15 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season. In their third year at the Division I level, the Tigers repeated as CHA Tournament champions and secured their first berth in the NCAA tournament.

Offseason
August 8: It was announced by the NCAA that the RIT Tigers have passed their two-year probation and have qualified to become a full-fledged member of NCAA Division I hockey as of the 2014-15 campaign. Of note, the Tigers are now eligible to qualify for the NCAA Tournament and gain the opportunity to bid for hosting rights for future NCAA Tournaments.

Standings

Recruiting

Transfer

News and notes
March 7: Double overtime was required in order for RIT to claim their second consecutive CHA Tournament title. A 2-1 win against Syracuse resulted in the longest contest in Syracuse history. The first goal of the game was scored by Syracuse in the second period. Lindsay Grigg tied the game in the third, with assists being credited to Caitlin Wallace and Taylor Thurston. Carly Payerl logged the overtime-winning tally against Syracuse backstop Jenn Gilligan in double overtime.

Roster

2014–15 Tigers

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| CHA Tournament

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| NCAA Tournament

Awards and honors
 Lindsay Grigg CHA Best Defensive Forward
Taylor Thurston CHA Individual Sportsmanship
Christa Vuglar  CHA All- Rookie Team

References

RIT
RIT Tigers women's ice hockey seasons
Sports in Rochester, New York


title: 2014–15 Northeastern Huskies women's ice hockey season

text:
The Northeastern Huskies represented Northeastern University in the Women's Hockey East Association during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season. The Huskies advanced as far as the WHEA Semifinal game before falling to nationally ranked Boston University.

Offseason
June 25: Kelly Wallace earned the nod as the Hockey East nominee for the 2014 NCAA Woman of the Year award. Leading the Huskies in 2013-14 with 19 goals and 32 points, she was the runner-up for the Hockey East Player of the Year.
July 21: Former Huskies goaltender Katy Augustyn was named to the United States roster competing at the IRB Women's Rugby World Cup in France. She competed with the Huskies from 2002–06, accumulating three shutouts.
August 5: Three members of the Huskies roster, Kendall Coyne, Paige Savage and Heather Mottau, earned invitations to the 2014 USA Hockey Women's National Festival.

Recruiting

Roster

2014–15 Huskies

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| WHEA Tournament

Awards and honors
 Kendall Coyne led the WHEA in goals scored (21) and placed second in points (39).
 Kendall Coyne was named a first team WHEA All-Star
 Denisa Křížová was named to the Pro Ambitions All-Rookie team.

References

Northeastern
Northeastern Huskies women's ice hockey seasons


title: 2014–15 University of North Dakota women's ice hockey season

text:
The UND Fighting Hawks women's hockey team represented the University of North Dakota in WCHA women's ice hockey during the 2014-15 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.  Despite elimination in the semifinal round of the WCHA Final Face-Off, The Fighting Hawks finished ten wins over .500, and were ranked 8th nationally by both major polling organizations.

Offseason
June 5: Goaltender Shelby Amsley-Benzie earned a spot on the 2013-14 Capital One Academic All-America Women’s At-Large Third Team.
August 5: Gracen Hirschy was the only member of the current North Dakota roster that earned an invitation to the USA Hockey's Women's National Festival in Lake Placid, N.Y.

Recruiting

2014–15 Fighting Hawks

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| WCHA Tournament

Awards and honors
Shelby Amsley-Benzie, WCHA Outstanding Student-Athlete of the Year
Shelby Amsley-Benzie, Goaltender, All-WCHA First Team
Halli Krzyzaniak, Defense, All-WCHA Third Team
Becca Kohler, Forward, All-WCHA Third Team
Shelby Amsley-Benzie was the fifth leading goaltender in Goals Against Average in the nation, and the only Goaltender among Patty Kazmaier Award winners.

References

North Dakota
North Dakota Fighting Hawks women's ice hockey seasons
2014 in sports in North Dakota
Fight