title: Odense Palace

text:
Odense Palace () in the city of Odense on the Danish island of Funen has its origins in a 15th-century monastery which passed to the Crown after the Reformation, and since then has served as an administrative building: in turn as a seigneurial residence, an amt administrator's residence, a governor's residence, and a municipal government building. The main white Baroque building with 13 bays was designed by J.C. Krieger and completed in 1723.

Monastery
The Knights of St John are first mentioned in Odense in 1280. They appear to have acquired a monastery around 1400; during the next century it grew into their second largest and most important house in Denmark, after the mother house at Antvorskov. The south wing and the oldest part of the east wing date to the first half of the 15th century; there are walled-up windows and archways. The monastery church, St. John's, has many gravestones and coats of arms from influential families of the period; the church was frequented by the nobility, and many elderly aristocrats spent their final years in the monastery. In the churchyard there are ruins of the hospice, which was one of the most important social service institutions in mediaeval Odense.

Palace

In 1536, after the Reformation, the monastery became the property of the king and was given the name Odensegård. The monastery's property was merged with that of Næsbyhoved Castle, under the name Odensegård Seigneury. The first holder of the estate was Claus Daa. The remaining monks were allowed to stay, but had to share the premises with him. The seigniors lived on their own properties in the summer and spent the winter at Odensegård. In the 1570s, Frederick II had the monastery rebuilt to better house the royal family when they stayed there. This rebuilding was completed in 1575, with the royal bedchambers and reception rooms being located in the west wing, the seigneurial residence in the east wing and the kitchen in the south. An additional story was added to all the wings, bringing them to their present height. The building then remained almost unchanged until 1720.

During the Dano-Swedish wars in the mid-17th century, Odense was occupied by the Swedes, some of whose troops were billeted in the palace. The furnishings were all destroyed, used as kindling for the fireplaces, and the building was a shell when the Swedes withdrew.

With the introduction of the absolute monarchy in 1660, Denmark replaced feudalism with government by amt, and the palace became the residence of the administrator of the Amt of Funen.

When the king arrived with his attendants and court (over 100 people), the amt administrator was responsible for accommodating them. Frederick IV made many circuits of his realm, and was dissatisfied with Odensegård. He therefore commissioned Johan Cornelius Krieger to rebuild the palace. Between 1721 and 1723, an entirely new main building was erected on the north side, containing a great hall that was used for banqueting, the Rosensal, and also new private chambers for the king and queen and many guest rooms. The king was pleased, especially with the new gardens, and visited several times; on 12 October 1730, he died there. After his death, the kings stayed at the palace only in passing, but the large complex was also used by foreign rulers on their way to and from Copenhagen.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the palace was used as a command centre by a succession of generals, including the French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, who later became King Charles XIV John of Sweden.

Governor's residence
After Denmark lost Norway in 1814, the Crown Prince, later Christian VIII, who had been elected king there, was appointed governor of Funen and Langeland. His wife, Caroline Amalie, was very popular in Odense, where she took an active part in improving people's lives. From 1816 to 1847, Odense Palace was the seat of government on Funen by successive crown princes, and Odense became a little Copenhagen.

Hans Christian Andersen's mother worked at the palace, and the boy was invited there, where according to his own account in his autobiography, he acted out some scenes by Ludvig Holberg and improvised a song. As a young boy, Andersen also played with the young Prince Frits, later Frederick VII, who in turn was Governor of Funen from 1839 to 1848.

He spent much time in Odense, happy to be away from Copenhagen. He lived in the palace with his second wife, Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and thoroughly restored it. However, the marriage broke down and an apartment was created on the ground floor for his mistress, Louise Rasmussen, later his morganatic wife as Countess Danner; a secret staircase led from there to the king's chambers.

On 20 January 1848 Frederick became king; when he soon afterwards left Odense to live in Copenhagen, the governorate was terminated.

Museum and administrative building
Many of the large rooms in the palace were now unused, and in 1860 it was therefore decided to use part of the basement level as a museum. The exhibits had to be removed quickly in the Second Schleswig War, when the lowest floor of the palace was used as an infirmary, but were back in 1865 and after that constantly increased. In 1885 the collection was moved to a new building, now the Funen Museum of Art. In the years that followed, various government offices were moved into the palace. There were also several residential flats, and a strong military influence after the Funen Divisional Officers Library was established there in 1914.

The state sold the palace to the Municipality of Odense in 1907, after which the royal garden (King's Garden) was also opened to the public. In subsequent years various official services were housed there, such as the fire station and the amt council. The termination of the amt system in 2007 brought to a close almost 500 years of state administration in Odense. The palace is now used by the urban and cultural administration of the municipality, and has been newly renovated.

References

Odense
Listed castles and manor houses in Denmark
Neoclassical architecture in Denmark
Buildings and structures completed in 1733
Palaces in Denmark


title: Saviem SM Europe

text:
The SM Europe was a range of medium/heavy trucks manufactured by the French company Saviem.

History
In 1967, Saviem launched the Europe cab (Type 860), as part of its extended collaboration with the German MAN. The new cab was also used by MAN models. In return, MAN supplied the engines fitted to the Renault models with the Europe cab (SM10, SM12, SM170, SM200, SM240, SM 260, SM280 and SM300/340 V8).

Technical details

SM 10
The SM 10 was powered by the 7.26-litre MAN 0846 HMN84 straight-six engine with a maximum power output of . The gearbox was the 6-speed Saviem 330.

SM 240 and SM280
Both the SM 240 and SM 280 models were powered by an outdated 10.69-litre MAN 2156  turbocharged straight-six engine with a maximum power output of . The 32-tonne GVW SM 240 was the only model sold under the Saviem badge in the UK by early 1975. The SM 280 was 36 tonnes GVW. The trucks used a 12-speed manual gearbox from ZF.

SM300 and SM340 V8
The SM300 range was powered by an outdated, Saviem-tuned 14.96-litre 2858 M3 MAN V8 engine with a maximum power output of  at 2,200 rpm and a torque of  at 1,600 rpm. Older versions used the similar 2658 M42 version. The gearbox was a 10-speed "synchromesh" unit developed by Saviem and codenamed 350. Brakes were air-operated drums. Suspension was made of leaf springs on both axles, with telescopic dampers on front and anti-roll bar on rear.  The trucks had a 38-tonne GVW as a maximum.

Notes

References and sources
 The entry incorporates text translated from the Saviem French entry.

Vehicles introduced in 1967
Saviem


title: Amal Tamimi

text:
Amal Tamimi (born Jerusalem, 7 January 1960) is a feminist, social activist, and politician. She was the second foreign-born person (after Paul Fontaine Nikolov) and the first foreign-born woman to sit in the Icelandic parliament (a substitute for Lúðvík Geirsson in 2011 and for Katrín Júlíusdóttir in 2012).

Life in Jordan occupied Palestine, 1960–95
Amal was born in 1960, growing up in Wadi-el-Joz in east Jerusalem. Her father was Salim Abu Khaled al Tamimi (d. 1969), a businessman and passionate activist, and her mother Salim's second wife Nazima abu Rajabb al Tamimi (d. 1981); her siblings are Yonnes (b. 1950), Rowda (b. 1948), Safah (b. 1949), Amneh, and Salmann (b. 1955). Yonnes moved to Iceland in 1966, Amneh some years later, and Salmann in 1971.

Amal experienced the Six-Day War in 1967; the fact that Yonnes was in Iceland at the time meant that he lost his right to reside in Israel. She was politically active through most of her time in Israel. At 13 she was imprisoned pending trial for two weeks for throwing stones at Israeli soldiers, and received a six-month suspended sentence. She married for the first time at 16, and had the children Falastine (b. 1978), Fida (b. 1980), Wala (b. 1985), Majd (b. 1986), and Ahd (b. 1990), before leaving her husband after what she has described as an abusive marriage in 1995 and fleeing with her children to her brother Salmann (Suleiman) in Iceland. Later Amal said that she felt she had no rights as a woman under Shari'a Law.

In 1987, she gained a diploma in business studies via the YWCA and worked for an NGO.

Life in Iceland, 1995–
Amal first lived in Iceland in 1983–84 while separated from her husband, working for Nói Síríus.

Assisted by her brother Salmann (Suleiman), Amal moved with her five children to Iceland in January 1995. There she worked as a cleaner; then in a bakery and in fish processing, and learned Icelandic. Soon she met her second partner, Heiðar, with whom she had Bissan Inga in 1997; Amal and Heiðar parted in 2000. Amal's partnership with a non-Arab man caused a major rift in her family, including with her brother Salmann (Suleiman), who disowned her.

In 2001, at the age of 41, Amal went to the University of Iceland, taking a BA in Social Sciences in 2004, with a BA thesis entitled 'Terrorism in Palestine: Religion or Colonial Imperialism?' In 2002, she received Icelandic citizenship (for which she had to give up Palestinain citizenship) and on 24 October 2003 founded W.O.M.E.N. (Women of Multicultural Ethnicity Network). From 2004, she was a counsellor at the Alþjóðahús. In 2008, she became the first immigrant to chair Iceland's immigration council, founded the Jafnréttishús (Equality Centre) and became the first immigrant elected to Hafnarfjörður town council, while her daughter Falasteen Abu Libdeh became the first immigrant elected to Reykjavík City Council.

See also
 Iceland–Palestine relations

References

External links
 http://www.althingi.is/altext/cv/is/?nfaerslunr=1138
 http://www.womeniniceland.is
 http://jafn.is/

1960 births
Palestinian feminists
Palestinian women in politics
Amal Tamimi
Amal Tamimi
Amal Tamimi
Living people
Amal Tamimi
Amal Tamimi
Politicians from Jerusalem
Icelandic people of Palestinian descent


title: E. S. Wadsworth

text:
Elisha Strong Wadsworth (May 10, 1813 – November 25, 1890) was a merchant from New Hartford, Connecticut. He co-founded the Wadsworth, Dyer & Chapin company in Chicago, Illinois with his brother Julius and Thomas Dyer. The operation was one of the first successful firms in Chicago, trading in dry goods, grain, and packaged meat. Wadsworth was also the president of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, later serving on the board of directors of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad when the two lines were merged. Wadsworth also served as a director of a predecessor to the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. Wadsworth is the namesake of Wadsworth, Illinois.

Biography
Elisha Strong Wadsworth was born in New Hartford, Connecticut on May 10, 1813. The Wadsworths were a prominent family in Connecticut; his great uncle Jeremiah was a government official for the Continental Army and his father Tertius was a wealthy real estate developer. Early in his adulthood, E. S. wadsworth opened a store in Charleston, South Carolina with his brother Julius.

In the spring of 1836, E. S. decided to move west to the new city of Chicago, Illinois to sell his goods. His brother followed, and the two purchased several land holdings that June. They formed a business partnership with Thomas Dyer, opening a store on Lake Street in the F. C. Sherman building. The Wadsworths and Dyer built their own buildings and warehouse on South Water Street, between Clark and La Salle. They built a meatpacking house south of the Twelfth Street Bridge and marble-fronted stores on Lake and Wabash's corner. Julius Wadsworth fell ill and retired from the partnership to recover in Europe. He was replaced in the business with John Putnam Chapin. Wadsworth, Dyer & Chapin became one of Chicago's leading businesses, selling dry goods, storing and trading grain, managing real estate, and packing beef and pork.

Wadsworth was one of the first directors of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, following the merge with the Chicago and Aurora Railroad. He advocated for a railroad between Chicago and Milwaukee, Wisconsin and later became a director what would become the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. The town of Wadsworth, Illinois, through which the railroad traversed, was named in his honor. He largely retired in 1863 and afterward tended to his real estate interests.

E. S. Wadsworth married Charlotte S. Woodbridge in August 1842. They had four sons and one daughter. Eldest son Elisha Lyle served in the Chicago Mercantile Independent Battery Light Artillery and was later named an advisor to major general Godfrey Weitzel. However, he died in 1867 after contracting dengue fever. E. S. Wadsworth refused to seek public office. He died on November 25, 1890 and was buried in Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.

See also
Philip Wadsworth, younger brother who worked alongside E. S.

References

1813 births
1890 deaths
American businesspeople in retailing
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Businesspeople from Chicago
People from New Hartford, Connecticut
19th-century American businesspeople


title: Hagenow Land–Bad Oldesloe railway

text:
The Hagenow Land–Bad Oldesloe railway (also known in German as the Kaiserbahn or Kaiserstrecke—"Emperor Railway") was a railway line in the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein. It linked the towns of Hagenow, Ratzeburg and Bad Oldesloe with each other and formed with lines continuing via Bad Segeberg and Neumünster the shortest rail link between Berlin and Kiel, the difference with the other two routes is about 55 kilometres in each case. Today, only the short section between the stations of Hagenow Land and Hagenow Stadt (called just Hagenow until 2010) is regularly served by passenger services, although the Hollenbek–Ratzeburg section is used for draisine rides. The Hagenow–Zarrentin section is served occasionally. The other sections are closed and dismantled. Its alternative name Kaiserbahn refers to Emperor Wilhelm II, who often used it.

History

Before the construction of the line there were already two rail connections between Berlin and Kiel: the southern route ran via Büchen and Hamburg on the Berlin–Hamburg Railway and the northern route ran via Schwerin–Bad Kleinen and the Lübeck–Bad Kleinen lines. However, both lines diverged greatly from a straight line. At the request of the Emperor, a new route was designed, to run in the area "in between" and bypass the railway hubs of Hamburg and Lübeck. Wilhelm II used the approach that had already been used by Tsar Nicholas I for the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway, with a ruler giving the approximate course. The treaty authorising the construction of the railway was finally signed on 5 December 1889.

The desired course of the single-track line runs through many cuttings and an average number of fields. To compensate the latter, many bridges were built over the line for tracks that did not connect to other tracks and were used exclusively for agricultural purposes. Some of these bridges still exist today.

Crossing and passing tracks were located in the stations. Most underpasses were built to enable the later installation of a second track.

Prussian state railway and Reichsbahn period

The railway was opened in three sections by the Prussian state railways, although the eastern part lay in Mecklenburg, which was then independent:
1 September 1894: Hagenow Land–Wittenburg
1 September 1896: Wittenburg–Zarrentin
15 August 1897: Zarrentin–Ratzeburg–Bad Oldesloe

The operation of through traffic over the whole line began with the opening of the last section. The Emperor participated personally and used the line from the first day as it was  25 km shorter than the two alternative routes. Nevertheless, the Emperor sometimes preferred to use the northern route via Lübeck; the risk of attack on the new route was higher because of the bridge over the Elbe–Lübeck Canal.

The branch line from Hollenbek to Mölln was opened on 1 April 1899.

At the beginning of the 20th century it was served by an express train and in the 1930s two express trains ran between Berlin and Kiel and back across the southeastern part of the line between Hagenow and Ratzeburg. These trains ran between Ratzeburg and Kiel via Lübeck and thus over the line of the private Lübeck-Büchen Railway Company. The line was mainly important for local passenger services and freight traffic. In 1945, up to 60 trains a day ran on the section between Hollenbek and Schmilau.

The decline of the railway began with the end of the Second World War. In 1945, a munitions train in Hollenbek station was hit by U.S. bombers. The exploding ammunition tore a hole that was up to 12 metres deep over a 150 m by 25 m area. Rail fragments and the boiler of the locomotive were thrown up to 1 km away and as far as the centre of the village. Nevertheless, the line was reopened for rail transport after a few weeks.

A wagon was left in a tree at Hollenbek station. Erlebnisbahn Ratzeburg (a leisure company in Ratzeburg) recreated this for its Baumwaggonhotel ("Tree wagon Hotel").

Separate decline

The western section

Immediately after the German surrender and the division of Germany into occupation zones, the Zarrentin–Hollenbek section, which was cut by the border between the UK and Soviet zones, was closed and the line at the border was dismantled in 1952. In 1949 the status of the line was downgraded to a branch line.

However, on the western side, the Hollenbek–Klein Zecher section was reactivated as early as 1950; apart from the new terminus, the stations of Hakendorf, Sterley and Alt Horst were re-opened. It was operated with railbuses. The section between Hollenbek and Mölln was closed on 3 September 1959, finally ending passenger services on the entire West German section between Klein Zecher and Bad Oldesloe.

On 1 September 1971, the transport of freight between Hollenbek and Klein Zecher and between Ratzeburg and Bad Oldesloe was abandoned; a year later was the track was dismantled on these sections. On the remaining 13 km to Ratzeburg, however, a little freight traffic remained, mainly consisting of the transport of sugar beet to Uelzen in Lower Saxony. This section continued to be operated until 14 December 1994, but it was then also closed due to its unprofitability.

The eastern section

Passenger and freight services on the Hagenow Land–Zarrentin section were maintained until 30 April 1969. The line was closed until 27 September 1975 for the rehabilitation of the track. Passenger traffic was sparse, but it was maintained until the turn of the millennium, while the carriage of freight between Zarrentin and Wittenburg was discontinued on 31 December 1994.

On 28 May 2000, passenger traffic was abandoned on the section between Hagenow Land and Zarrentin. However, freight traffic remained. As a result of a great protest, however, passenger services were reactivated between Hagenow Land and Hagenow Stadt on 15 December 2002.

The Hagenow Land–Zarrentin line was taken over in September 2004 from DB Netz by Planungsverband Transportgewerbegebiet Valluhn/Gallin, a railway infrastructure company that was based locally in Zarrentin, so that rail freight could run to the MEGA-park business park on the A24 autobahn. Operations from line km 0.766 are carried out by the TME (Torsten Meincke Eisenbahn GmbH), which also provides the staff for the signal boxes at Hagenow Stadt, Wittenburg and Zarrentin.

In the autumn of 2009, the tracks were renewed on this section and the maximum line speed increased from 60 to 80 km/h.

Operations

Meanwhile, there is some passenger or freight traffic on only two short sections. On the western section between Hollenbek and Ratzeburg, Erlebnisbahn Ratzeburg has operated a seasonal operation with rides on a hand lever trolley (draisine) since 1998. In addition the track is maintained to promote its re-commissioning for the operation of Regionalbahn services.

Regular passenger  services, however, have only operated on the three and a half km section between Hagenow Land and Hagenow Stadt since the reactivation of the line in 2002. Currently, Hagenow Stadt station is served hourly by the R3 service, which is operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (ODEG).

Since 6 April 2008, on the first Sunday of the month in the summer, two pairs of trains are operated on the line by Westmecklenburgischen Eisenbahngesellschaft (WEMEG) between Hagenow Land and Zarrentin. These services are operated with Uerdingen railbuses. Otherwise, this line is occasionally used by trains transporting bulk materials. In addition, in the autumn of 2010, around 60 trains were loaded in Zarrentin with pipes for the North European Gas Pipeline, which had been brought from Wittenburg by truck. Cement for a large construction site on the A24 also came by train to Zarrentin in 2010.

Initiatives

Even today, the line could be used as an alternative for traffic from Berlin to the ports of Schleswig-Holstein. In addition to being a shorter route, this would also provide relief for the Hamburg network. In particular, BUND and IG Eisenbahn Ratzeburg–Zarrentin have campaigned for the reopening of the line between Hagenow and Ratzeburg. A continuation to Bad Oldesloe is not proposed because this line has already been dismantled.

The possible reopening is justified by the fact that part of the freight would be shifted from road to rail and that a fast rail link would exist between Scandinavia and Berlin after the completion of a Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link.

Notes

External links

Railway lines in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Railway lines in Schleswig-Holstein
Railway lines opened in 1894
1894 establishments in Germany


title: Ryrie

text:
Ryrie  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Alec Ryrie (born 1971), British historian of Protestant Christianity
 Charles Caldwell Ryrie (1925–2016), American Christian writer and theologian
 Christobelle Grierson-Ryrie (born 1992), New Zealand fashion model
 Phineas Ryrie (1829–1892), Scottish tea merchant

 Scottish–Australian Ryrie family
 Stewart Ryrie (1778—1852), patriarch
 William Ryrie (1805—1856), Scottish-born
 Stewart Ryrie, Junior (1812—1882)
 Alexander Ryrie (1827–1909), Australian politician
 Sir Granville Ryrie, (1865–1937), Australian soldier and politician
 John Cassels Ryrie (b. 1826 in Sydney – d. 1900 in Dubbo)
 John Ryrie (1886–1927), Australian rower
 David Ryrie (1829–1893), Australian politician

See also
 Ryrie Rock, geographical formation in Antarctica


The Board for International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD) advises the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on issues concerning agriculture, higher education in developing countries, and food insecurity. BIFAD was established under Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act, and both the BIFAD board and Title XII recognise the critical role of U.S. land-grant institutions in food and agricultural security, domestically and abroad. BIFAD consists of seven board members appointed by the White House, four of which must come from the US Academic community. The board's mission is to draw on higher education's expertise and scientific knowledge to advise the U.S. international assistance efforts along with domestic efforts to end food insecurity.

History
BIFAD was created by USAID in 1975, under Title XII (Famine Prevention and Freedom from Hunger) of the Foreign Assistance Act. Title XII itself was passed in Congress to address the global issues of food insecurity and hunger. Title XII underlines in its main text the benefits to be gotten out of more involvement of US Universities in agriculture, the need for developing countries to have their own institutions and trained people to thrive and adapt to local needs, and how more focus and efforts in agriculture can benefit both the US and the international scene. BIFAD was also tasked with the formulation of basic policy, procedures, and criteria for project proposal review, selection, and monitoring, as noted in Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. BIFAD is the only presidentially appointed board that assists the Administrator of USAID in developing and implementing the official U.S. foreign assistance programs.

Challenges and strategies
BIFAD believes that current global challenges that face the international community in terms of poverty and food insecurity are: a current 800 million people suffering from chronic hunger, 2 billion people affected by micronutrient deficiency, 700 million people living in extreme poverty, and the estimated growth in global population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, with growth occurring disproportionately in Africa and Asia. Challenges facing the production of foodstuff include the threat of new strains of pathogens, dropping water tables, and a changing climate. In order to solve these problems food production will have to dramatically increase with limited resources, usage of land, and water along with disease and insect resistant crops. BIFAD is helping in the creation of new technologies that will help in sustaining long-term food security, with focus areas on genetics, storage, food processing, nutrition, and resource conservation by advising USAID on how to act.

Past and present board members

*Member left partway through the year

**Member became Chairman

Events and meetings

Haiti taskforce

One of BIFAD's goals, after its creation, was to determine the role Higher Education Institutions could have in agricultural development. As such, after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, BIFAD organised a task force to see what role Title XII agricultural Universities and other public land-grant institutions could have in the reconstruction of Haiti. Approved in January 2010, the task force was organised through several conference calls during the month of February, and developed the goal "to develop recommendations for BIFAD to deliver to the USAID Administrator regarding long-term Haiti reconstruction and regional development; and the role of land-grant universities in this." One idea for Universities to help with Haiti's reconstruction was to host students whose institution had been destroyed by the earthquake, so that they could continue or finish their studies without disturbances. The task force met in person in March to set realistic expectations with a focus on long-term thinking of a vision for Haiti.

Afghanistan agricultural strategy
BIFAD, in coordination with the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) held a meeting on the US agricultural strategy in Afghanistan. Attending were representatives from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the State Department, the U.S. Central Command, the National Guard Bureau and the U.S. Marine Corp, and 21 representatives of Title XII institutions. The discussion concerned the institutional development of the Ministry of Agriculture in Afghanistan. With 80% of Afghanistan's population depending on agriculture, such development was seen as essential to prevent insurgencies, create employment opportunities, and the development of the country. After the meeting, a working group with representatives form the USDA, USAID, and Universities was created to continue meeting regularly to discuss what could be done for Agricultural "research, learning and extension competencies in Afghanistan to develop strategies and opportunities to expand long-term training."

Board meetings
The BIFAD Board meets several times per year with the representatives from key institutions (USAID, APLU...) and land grant Universities to discuss the ongoing projects and most important topics concerning Agriculture and Education. As of July 2014, there have been 166 BIFAD meetings. The topics since 1975 have included humanitarian relief, agriculture and nutrition, global food prices, sustainability, the Feed the Future Initiative, African Higher Education, Human and Institutional Capacity Development, and many other subjects that turn around education, agriculture, and domestic or international concerns.

Past projects

Borlaug Higher Education Research and Development Program
In June 2011, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) launched a new set of programs called the Borlaug 21st Century Leadership Program honouring the legacy of Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug.  This initiative is a major new effort to train individuals and strengthen developing country public and private institutions, enabling them to take advantage of scientific and technological breakthroughs to promote innovation across the agricultural sector. BIFAD was asked to help establish one of the programs within the broader Borlaug 21st Century Leadership Program, called the Feed the Future Borlaug Higher Education Agricultural Research and Development Program (BHEARD).

Feed the Future Research Forum
In May 2011, Feed the Future (FtF) held a forum that placed a major emphasis on research, development of new technologies, policies, and a "whole government" approach to end world hunger. The forum would help Feed the Future identify research opportunities in their new stratify to combat global hunger, USAID and USDA partnered with the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) and the Board on International Food and Agricultural Development (BIFAD) to convene a consultative process for engaging the US and international research communities to respond to the strategy and to identify research opportunities that support Feed the Future's research goals.  An initial workshop was held at Purdue University in January 2011 to set the context for the discussion and frame a process. In May 2011 an e-consultation was held, followed by a stakeholder forum, convened in Washington DC in June 2011.  This consultative process was designed to allow research stakeholders to further refine research priorities and identify opportunities for new ways of working in order to inform Feed the Future's research implementation efforts.

Africa-U.S. Higher Education Initiative
In July 2007, BIFAD and USAID along with a number of groups based in the United States and Africa came together to consider what could be done to assist in strengthening African higher education’s capacity to educate and solve problems relevant to national and regional development.   These meetings resulted in an initiative to strengthen the capacity of African higher education through partnerships between African and U.S. higher education institutions, over a sustained period for mutual benefit. The principal goal of the Initiative was to facilitate deeper and more effective partnerships between African and U.S. institutions of higher education with a view to contributing more effectively to key priority development areas such as science and technology; agriculture, environment and natural resources; engineering; business, management and economics; health, and education and teacher training.

Award for Scientific Excellence

2012

Jim Simon of Rutgers University was chosen as a winner of the 2012 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. He was chosen for his work in agricultural research and training programs in sub-Saharan Africa. He has created agricultural jobs for women and handicapped individuals along with creating new markets for them to access. He has helped decrease food-insecurity for high-risk groups.

Gerardine Mukeshimana of Michigan State University was chosen as a winner of the 2012 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. She was chosen for her work in breeding the common pear to be both drought tolerant and disease resistant in her home country of Rwanda. She has also identified the key components of bean genetic inheritance, including drought-resistant mechanisms, and has developed a fast and cost-effective method for screening these components. Her work has led to increasing crop productivity and a decrease in food insecurity in the region.

2014

Rangaswamy Muniappan of Virginia Tech was chosen as a winner of the 2014 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. He was chosen for his research into a biological control of the papaya mealybug which has brought about economic benefits of between $500 million - $1.3 billion.  Dr. Rangaswamy has also been credited with the development of biological controls for the pink hibiscus mealybug, the fruit-piercing moth, the red coconut scale, the banana weevil, and the Asian cycad scale. His research has led to an increase in crop profitability and food security, while also lowering the usage of pesticides protecting both farmers and the surrounding environment.

Kelsey Barale was chosen as a winner of the 2014 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. She was chosen for her work in understanding how agricultural information can best be transferred to farmers, particularly disadvantaged women and smallholder farmers. Her work has led to effective communication about farmer needs and improved and sustainable farming practices, to increase food security in many developing countries.

Elana Peach-Fine was chosen as a winner of the 2014 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. She was chosen for her work in with the Horticulture Collaborative Research Support Program (Horticulture CRSP) along with other work with the scaling up of agricultural practices in developing countries. Her work has led to the deceasing rates of food insecurity.

2015

Murdock of Purdue University was chosen as a winner of the 2015 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. He was chosen for his research into cow pea production and storage which has helped many resource-poor farmers in Africa cut losses of harvest peas to weevils down to virtually zero. His work led to the evolved hermetic three-bag storage technology now in widespread use in Africa which has led to increased grain value, eliminated pesticide risks, and has created a new micro-credit market using grain as collateral. Overall Dr. Murdork's research has led in the decrease of food-insecurity and poverty in the region.

D. Layne Coppock of Utah State University and Dr. Getachew Gebru of MARIL PLC, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were chosen as winners of the 2015 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. Their team was chosen for their work in Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) Project where they focused on ways to diversify income, assets, and improve access to information among mainly women pastoralists, through micro-loans. Their research led to an increase in income in communities along with the introduction of women into the workforce.

2016

The team of Micheal Carter, Christopher Barrett, and Andrew Mude were chosen as winners of the 2016 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. They were chosen based on their research on chronic poverty, with the focus on causes and solutions. Their research has pioneered new solutions on how to solve the problem of chronic poverty and food insecurity. Much of the research can be applied to policy and has already been implemented in parts of Kenya and Ethiopia, where it is aiding in decreasing food insecurity and chronic poverty.

Daljit Singh of Kansas State University was chosen as a winner of the 2016 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. He was chosen for his work in applied wheat genomics to develop a heat-tolerant, high-yield, and farmer-accepted varieties for South  Asia. This development of new wheat strains will aid in ending food insecurity in the region and will aid in increasing the income of farming communities.

2017

James Beaver of the University of Puerto Rico and Juan Calos Rosas of the Zamorano Panamerican Agricultural University in Honduras were chosen as winners for the 2017 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. They have been recognized for their work in the breeding of disease-resistant and drought and heat-tolerant varieties of common beans. The team is developed more than 60 cultivars with increased yield, quality, and stability throughout Central America., along with 23 bean lines and germplasm resistant to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus, Bean Common Mosaic Virus, and Bean common Mosaic Necrosis. Dr. Beaver and Dr. Rosas collaborative research has directly improved the incomes and food security of smallholder farmers across the Central America.

Laouali Amadou of the University of Niger was chosen as a winner of the  2017 BIFAD award for Scientific Excellence. His work with parasitoids as a way to control pest, mainly the Niger's pearl millet head miner which destroys hundreds of millions of dollars worth of crop damage each year. This innovative solution was chosen as due to its usage of naturally occurring parasitoids to control the population of the millet head miner which unlike pesticides it is environmentally sustainable and does not negatively impact the farmers that use them.

2018
Dr. Hillary Egna of the Oregon State University was selected as the winner of the 2018 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence by a senior researcher. She was recognized for work to address the critical production constraint of feed costs in aquaculture enterprises. The researcher was supported by the Feed the Future AquaFish Innovation Lab.

Mr. Mohammad Mokhlesur Rahman of Kansas State University was chosen as a winner of the  2018 BIFAD award for Scientific Excellence by a graduate student.  He was recognized for his pivotal role in establishing Bangladesh’s largest wheat testing nursery, where over 1,800 candidate lines have been tested. This has helped identify promising heat-tolerant varieties for the country’s wheat farmers. Mr. Rahman's work was supported by the Feed-the-Future Innovation Lab for Applied Wheat Genomics at Kansas State University.  He was also a fellow with the Borlaug Higher Education for Agricultural Research and Development (BHEARD) Program, funded by USAID and administered by Michigan State University.

2019
Drs. Yihun Dile, Abeyou Worqlul, and Jean-Claude Bizimana of Texas A&M University were selected for the 2019 BIFAD Award for Scientific Excellence. They have been recognized for their work in developing the Integrated Decision Support System, which is an analytical systems that assesses the production, environmental, economic, and nutritional consequences of the introduction of multiple small-scale irrigation systems in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The researchers were supported by the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation at the Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture at Texas A&M AgriLife.

Jean Baptiste Ndahetuye was the recipient of the  2019 BIFAD award for Scientific Excellence by a graduate student. Mr. Ndahetuye is a lecturer at the University of Rwanda and is completing a doctoral degree from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Mr. Ndahetuye was recognized for his research on milk production practices and udder health—both of which have impact on milk quality, safety and process-ability in Rwanda.  His work was supported by the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems at the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

Modes of assistance

Higher education as an engine of opportunity and enabler of development
According to BIFAD the higher education community is vital to the advancement of agricultural and food security, along with economic and social development, by teaching the next generation of farmers and scientists how to solve problems and overcome challenges related to food security BIFAD and USAID have increased food security in regions that need it the most. BIFAD and USAID have invested $2.8 billion (financial year of 2011 through the financial year of 2016)  into higher education globally.

Global distribution of investment at higher education intuitions
By supporting the global distribution of higher education BIFAD is hoping to increase the global level of food and agriculture security, USAID and BIFAD have directly invested over $86 million (fiscal year of 2016) into foreign higher education. A total of 50 higher education institutions in 33 counties received the funding 21 institutions in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, 4 institutions of in 3 countries in the Middle East and North Africa, 9 institutions in 6 Asian countries, 8 institutions in 6 European countries, 2 institutions in Australia, 2 institutions in Central America and Canada, and 4 institutions in South America and the Caribbean.

Distribution of investments at U.S. higher education institutions
USAID and BIFAD invested more the $334 million in U.S. institutions of higher education supporting food and agriculture security. An additional $48 million (2016) was given to U.S. institutions of higher education in other grants and contracts.

Feed the Future Innovation Labs
USAID and BIFAD supported a total of 24 Feed the Future Innovation Labs that used the expertise of 79 different colleges and Universities around the country. Feed the Future in cooperation with top U.S. universities and developing countries research and develop solutions to tackle challenges in agriculture, food security, and nutrition where it is needed most.

Training experiences delivered by U.S. Universities
USAID and BIFAD have a long history of training foreign students at U.S. institutions of higher education. A total of 1,593 degree-seeking individuals were supported (2016) at institutions around the globe, 48% at U.S. institutions higher education another 5% are U.S. citizens working with Feed the Future Innovation Labs. Of the 1,593 individuals, the majority of sought degrees were in agriculture followed by, education, social science, business, science and math, medicine and public health, and arts and humanities (2016).

Organisational capacity development assisted by U.S. Universities
USAID and BIFAD along with other donors have invested in the strengthening of agricultural education and training to enable partner countries to develop a work force that is responsive to local and regional challenges.

Youth: The Next Generation of Food Producers
According to BIFAD the world's changing demographics require a greater focus on preparing youth for a productive future, BIFAD and USAID have thus invested in strengthening youth programming and has begun to integrate youth issues into their programs.

U.S. Distribution of investments
USAID and BIFAD have invested over $334 million in higher education in 6 main categories. Health programming received the largest portion of funding, followed by economic growth, education, governance, program design, and disaster readiness (2016). Health was broken down into 9 sub-categories, HIV and AIDS received the largest portion of health funding followed by, family planning and reproductive health, malaria, maternal and child health, other public health threats, water and sanitation, tuberculosis, and emerging threats.

See also

Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU)
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
World Food Programme (WFP)

References

United States Agency for International Development


title: James Stanley (American football)

text:
James Stanley (born November 12, 1978) is an American gridiron football Linebackers Coach & Pass Game Analyst for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Stanley played professional indoor football from 2004 to 2007 for various teams in the Arena Football League  (AFL), AF2, National Indoor Football League (NIFL) and American Indoor Football League (AIFL) and was the first overall pick in the AIFL draft in 2005.  He has  coached for several teams at the college and professional levels. Stanley was the linebackers coach for the Toronto Argonauts when won the 100th Grey Cup in 2012.

High school and college careers
Stanley went to Jackson High School in Jackson, Michigan, where he played football, basketball and ran track before graduating in 1997.

Stanley played defensive back on the football team at the University of Toledo from 1998 to 2002 and was a four-year letter-winner. During his career, the Rockets earned back to back trips to the Motor City bowl and won a Mid-American Conference (MAC) title in 2001.

After graduation from Toledo, Stanley also studied at Dayton Barber College in Dayton, OH and continued to take classes at the University of Dayton.

Professional playing career
Stanley played four seasons of professional indoor football, from 2004 to 2007, with various teams in the Arena Football League  (AFL), AF2, National Indoor Football League (NIFL) and American Indoor Football League (AIFL), and was selected with the first overall pick in the A.I.F.L. draft in 2005.

Coaching career
Stanley coached in three consecutive Canadian Football League Grey Cup games from 2012 to 2014 and again in 2019 and 2021. Stanley became the team's defensive backs coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2013 after helping the Toronto Argonauts capture the 100th Grey Cup as linebackers coach in 2012.
Prior to coaching with the Toronto Argonauts, Stanley began his Canadian Football League (CFL) coaching career as a defensive assistant working with the Secondary. with the Calgary Stampeders in 2011, working primarily with the defensive backs.

In 2010, he was a special teams quality control and defensive assistant coach with the United Football League's Hartford Colonials, while later serving as a defensive coaching intern with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League working with the secondary.  (NFL).  He also spent part of the 2009 season as a special teams and secondary intern with the NFL's Detroit Lions.

In addition to his pro experience, Stanley spent three years as the defensive backs coach for the University of Dayton, where he coached four All-Conference defensive backs. He also worked with the Cincinnati Marshals of the NIFL as their intern defensive backs coach in 2006.

References

External links
 Winnipeg Blue Bombers profile

1978 births
Living people
Calgary Stampeders coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Dayton Flyers football coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Hamilton Tiger-Cats coaches
Hartford Colonials coaches
Toronto Argonauts coaches
Toledo Rockets football players
High school football coaches in Ohio
People from Jackson, Michigan
Players of American football from Michigan
African-American coaches of American football
African-American coaches of Canadian football
African-American players of American football
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople


title: 1945 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1945 in Portugal.

Incumbents
President: Óscar Carmona
Prime Minister: António de Oliveira Salazar

Events
 Disestablishment of the Movement of National Antifascist Unity
 14 March - Establishment of TAP Portugal
 October - Establishment of the Movement of Democratic Unity
 18 November - Legislative election
 Establishment of Caritas Portugal

Culture
 29 January - Establishment of A Bola

Films
Três Dias Sem Deus

Sport
In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1944–45 Primeira Divisão and 1945–46 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal seasons, see 1944–45 Taça de Portugal and 1945–46 Taça de Portugal.
 1 July - 1945 Taça de Portugal Final
 Establishment of C.A. Valdevez
 Establishment of  FC Amares

References

Portugal
Years of the 20th century in Portugal
Portugal


title: Mikesville, Florida

text:
Mikesville is an unincorporated community in Columbia County, Florida, United States. It is located along US Routes 41 and 441 with a short overlap of Columbia County Road 18 just north of O'Leno State Park.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Columbia County, Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida


title: East Branch Chillisquaque Creek

text:
East Branch Chillisquaque Creek is a tributary of Chillisquaque Creek in Columbia County and Montour County in Pennsylvania, United States. It is approximately  long and flows through Madison Township, Columbia County and Derry Township, Montour County. At its mouth, it combines with Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek to form Chillisquaque Creek. White Hall Creek is a tributary of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek. The creek's watershed has an area of . It is situated over sandstone and shale. The main land uses in the watershed include forested land and agricultural land, although there are some areas of wetlands and open water as well.

East Branch Chillisquaque Creek experiences siltation. None of the watershed meets the water quality standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. There is a stream gage on the creek at an elevation of  above sea level.

The headwaters of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek were settled in 1775. The word chillisquaque in the creek's name means either a "place frequented by snowbirds" or "frozen duck".

Course

East Branch Chillisquaque Creek begins in northern Madison Township, Columbia County. Its headwaters are in Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226 on the southern side of the Muncy Hills. The creek heads south and very slightly west in a valley. It soon leaves Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 226 and the valley and flows nearly due south for some distance. It then crosses Pennsylvania Route 44 and turns southwest, leaving Madison Township.

Upon leaving Madison Township, Columbia County, East Branch Chillisquaque Creek enters northern Derry Township, Montour County. In this township, the creek turns west and flows near Strawberry Ridge, flowing close to the northern border of the township. In the north-central part of the township, the creek receives its only named tributary, White Hall Creek. It then continues west, passing a gauging station and a power plant. Shortly afterwards, it meets Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek to form Chillisquaque Creek.

The mouth of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek is near northern border of Derry Township and several miles northeast of Washingtonville. The creek's mouth is  upstream of the mouth of Chillisquaque Creek.

Tributaries
The only named tributary of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek is White Hall Creek. It flows south through Anthony Township, Montour County to join East Branch Chillisquaque Creek in Derry Township, Montour County. White Hall Creek joins the creek  upstream of its mouth and its watershed has an area of .

Hydrology
Between 1961 and 1977, the annual amount of groundwater recharge ranged from  in 1963 to  in 1973, as measured by the RORA method. As measured by the PART method, the amount of groundwater recharge ranged from  in 1963 to  in 1973. On average, the months of March and December contribute the most recharge to the creek: 19.6 percent of the annual total and 15.0 percent of the annual total, respectively. The months of July and August contribute the least recharge to the creek on average: 0.4 percent of the annual total and 1.0 percent of the annual total, respectively.

The average discharge of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek at the stream gage along it is 9.66 cubic feet per second.

As of 2004, East Branch Chillisquaque Creek is impaired by sediment due to siltation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has classified it as needing a total maximum daily load. The creek's watershed was ranked eighth for quality out of ten sub-watersheds of Chillisquaque Creek. No part of any stream in the watershed meets the water quality standards of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

Geography and geology
The rock in the watershed of East Branch Chillisqaque Creek is includes sandstone and shale. Some of the shale near the creek in Montour County dates to the Devonian period. The Tully Beds are located at the headwaters of the creek. They consist of blue-gray limestone that is . A number of fossils occur in these beds. These include Ambrocoelia umbonata, Spirifira zicac, and Atrypa reticularis. Two species of fossilized trilobites are found in the beds as well: Dalmanites calliteles and Phacops rana. However, no coral fossils have been found in the beds. Additionally, a rock formation known as the Genesee is found in the area.

The elevation of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek at its stream gage is  above sea level. The elevation at the creek's mouth is  above sea level.

There are 161 "disturbances" on East Branch Chillisquaque Creek between Pennsylvania Route 44 and the mouth of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek. The majority of these (122, or 75.8 percent) are sites of erosion, 64 of which are on the creek's left bank and 58 of which are on the right bank. There are also 23 gravel bars, seven bridges, five areas of riprap, three pipes, and one tributary.

There are approximately 120 separate stream banks on East Branch Chillisquaque Creek between Pennsylvania Route 44 and the mouth of Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek. Slightly more than 60 of these banks are less than  long. Of these, more than 55 are less than  high and approximately 5 range in height from  long. Approximately 35 of the stream banks are  long. Approximately 30 are less than  high and approximately 5 are  high. A small number are more than  high. Nearly 25 stream banks are  long. Between 15 and 20 are less than  high and approximately 5 are  high. A small number are over  high. There are also a small number of stream banks that are  long or longer. All of these are less than  high.

Watershed
The watershed of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek has an area of 9.75 square miles. Upstream of the United States Geological Survey's station on the creek, the watershed's area is 9.5 square miles. The watershed is in Montour County and Columbia County. There are  of streams in the watershed.

57.1 percent of the land in the watershed of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek is agricultural land and 41.8 percent is forested land. 0.1 percent of the land is developed and 1 percent of the land has other uses. Most of the watershed's forested land is in its upper reaches, although there are a few substantial patches in the middle and lower reaches. The watershed has some areas of wetlands and open water. Most of these are in Montour County or close to the border between Columbia County and Montour County. However, there is a wetland in the upper reaches of one of the creek's sub-watersheds. There are residential areas on the creek upstream of Pennsylvania Route 44.

The stream bed of East Branch Chillisqaque Creek is publicly owned.

History and etymology
In 1775, two people from New Jersey, Daniel Welliver and Michael Billhiemer, settled in the upper reaches of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek in Madison Township, Columbia County.

A pony truss bridge was built over the lower reaches of East Branch Chillisquaque Creek in 1909. It is  long and remains open to traffic.

The word chillisquaque in East Branch Chillisquaque Creek's name comes from either the Native American word chilisuagi, which refers to a place commonly visited by snowbirds (specifically, a "place frequented by snowbirds") or the Native American word for "frozen duck".

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
West Branch Chillisquaque Creek
Mud Creek (Chillisquaque Creek)

References

Rivers of Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Montour County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of Chillisquaque Creek


title: Bheemili Beach

text:
Bheemili Beach is located at the origin of the Gosthani River, at a distance of 24 km from Visakhapatnam in Visakhapatnam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The beach reflects the British and Dutch settlements of the 17th century.

History

The East India Company and Dutch East India Company both had trading ports here.

Transportation
APSRTC runs buses to this area; with these routes:

Tourism development

Visakhapatnam Urban Development Authority is developing infrastructure for promotion of tourism at global level, such as a tourism facilities, improvements along the shore with beach park on Visakhapatnam−Bheemili beach road.

See also
List of beaches in India

References

Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam
Geography of Visakhapatnam
Beaches of Andhra Pradesh
Geography of Visakhapatnam district
Uttarandhra


title: Harris v. Quinn

text:
Harris v. Quinn, 573 U.S. 616 (2014), is a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court regarding provisions of Illinois state law that allowed a union security agreement. Since the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 prohibited the closed shop, states could still choose whether to allow unions to collect fees from non-union members since the collective agreements with the employer would still benefit non-union members. The Court decided 5–4 that Illinois's Public Labor Relations Act, which permitted the union security agreements, violated the First Amendment. A similar case was decided by the Court in 2018, Janus v AFSCME, overturning the Court's unanimous decision in Abood v. Detroit Board of Education (1977) which the appeals court had upheld in Harris.

Facts
The National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation argued a claim against the Illinois's Public Labor Relations Act, on the ground that it violated the First Amendment. It allowed labor unions to collect fees for the union from non-union members since they would still receive the services of improved pay and conditions made through collective bargaining. Staff worked for Illinois's Home Services Program and were paid by federal Medicaid funding to work as a "personal assistant" to people who needed care. Both the patient receiving care and the state (as confirmed by executive order) were regarded as the employer. The trade union was SEIU Healthcare Illinois & Indiana, which bargained with the state, after it was awarded exclusive representation of the caregivers following a card check election in 2003. The election was made possible by an executive order  by then-Governor Rod Blagojevich, who had been heavily supported by SEIU in his 2002 election. The order reversed a 1985 ruling by a state labor board that said the workers were not state employees. While SEIU claimed to have signed cards representing majority support of the workers, the state has not been able to prove  that it ever properly verified the vote.

Eight home health care workers objected to paying union security fees, and challenged the law on this ground. Pamela Harris was the lead petitioner in the case, who was paid by the state to care for her own son. She objected to being obligated to pay dues to the SEIU Healthcare Illinois & Indiana union even though she chose not to join the union.

The District court dismissed their claim, and the Seventh Circuit affirmed the decision, following Abood v. Detroit Board of Education.

Judgment
The Court ruled that the workers could not be compelled to join the union since they were not fully-fledged state employees, as they are hired or fired by individual patients even if they are paid by Medicaid. The ruling did not invalidate compulsory union membership for the larger population of public employees, but Justice Samuel Alito's majority opinion argued that Abood v. Detroit Board of Education was erroneously decided.

Justice Elena Kagan wrote the dissenting opinion, joined by Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor, arguing that the principle in the Abood ruling should have been used in the case.

Significance
The majority's opinion in Harris v. Quinn was largely condemned by labor unions, worker rights organizations , and the Democratic Party for overturning established precedent since the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court
List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment

References

External links

2014 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
United States Free Speech Clause case law
United States public employment case law
Service Employees International Union litigation
United States trade union case law


title: Mikesville

text:
Mikesville refers to places in the United States:

Mikesville, Florida, unincorporated community
Mikesville, Wisconsin, unincorporated community


title: Haemophilus felis

text:
Haemophilus felis is a Gram-negative species of bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. A strain of this species was originally isolated from the respiratory tract of a cat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, though it was also found in healthy cats. The species may be closely related (on the basis of rpoB sequence) to Pasteurella multocida.

References

External links
Type strain of Haemophilus felis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

felis
Gram-negative bacteria
Cat diseases
Bacteria described in 1999


title: Green Language (album)

text:
Green Language is the second studio album by Glaswegian producer Russell Whyte under the alias Rustie. The album, released on Warp on August 25, 2014, was announced with the track "Raptor" - first played by Annie Mac on BBC Radio 1 in June 2014. It features guest appearances from D Double E, Danny Brown, Gorgeous Children, and Redinho. The title of the album derives from "the language of the birds".

Production
Reflecting on Glass Swords in 2014, Whyte stated that he felt that he "“went kind of quite crazy on Glass Swords" and that he was "taking the piss with kitsch sounds and over-the-top silliness." Whyte stated that he wanted his next album Green Language to be different and "more serious". In between the release of Glass Swords and Green Language, Whyte scrapped an entire album's worth of material that he stated "didn't feel right as an album."

Release
Green Language was released on August 25, 2014.

Reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 69, indicating "generally favorable reviews", based on 25 reviews.

Tshepo Mokoena of The Guardian gave the album a rating of 4 stars out of 5, calling it "an exercise in variety that pushes the boundaries of what a synth-driven album can, and should, sound like". Stephen Carlick of Exclaim! opined that "There are great tracks on Green Language, but a lack of consistency stops it from being a great album."

Tom Lea of Fact commented on the album in 2015 that the album "divided listeners". Whyte tweeted that he felt the Green Language was "too A&Red", later explaining that his managers were "trying to push me in one way, in kind of an avant garde, arty route, then I had other people trying to get me to do big singles, the vocal stuff and all that. I was getting pulled in two directions, which I think you can tell a little bit on the album."

Complex named the cover of Green Language as one of the 30 best album covers of 2014, while Pitchfork named it as one of the 20 best album covers of 2014.

Track listing

Personnel
 Rustie – engineer, producer
 Joe LaPorta – mastering

Charts

See also
 2014 in music

References

External links

2014 albums
Warp (record label) albums
Rustie albums


The National Paralympic Committee of Pakistan is the primary body in Pakistan for the promotion of sports for the disabled. The key focus of the committee is to organize, supervise and co-ordinate games and competitions for the disable.

The organisation is also the body responsible for selecting athletes to represent Pakistan at the Paralympic Games and other international athletic meets and for managing the Pakistani teams at these events.

Dr. Tariq Mustafa is the current president of the organization,  while Imran Jamil Shami is the general secretary.

History

The National Paralympic Committee of Pakistan was established in December 1998 duly recognized by the Government of Pakistan as the sole body with the mandate to represent Pakistan at the International Paralympic Committee and Asian Paralympic Committee, and to oversee and manage sports for the disabled in Pakistan. It is affiliated with the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC), International Paralympic Sports Federations (IPSFs), International Organizations for Sports for the Disabled (IOSDs) and Regional Sports Organizations of Asia.

Affiliations

 International Paralympic Committee
 Asian Paralympic Committee

Aims

The vision of the National Paralympic Committee of Pakistan is as follows: "To enable the disabled population of Pakistan to become booming members of the Paralympic Movement by achieving sporting excellence and proving their worth.” Its motto, "Equality – Excellence – Trancendence" reflects this.

Logo design

The NPC logo showcases a human symbol in a posture that denotes movement, spirit and motion. The rising movement denotes the soaring spirit of sports, competition and victory. The accompanying flag of Pakistan makes it obvious that this is a national movement for Pakistan and evokes an image of the athlete raising the flag of his country. The text encircles the image, thus denoting the mandate of the National Paralympics Committee Pakistan. The IPC logo at the bottom signifies the association of NPC, Pakistan with International Paralympic Committee.

See also
 Pakistan at the Paralympics
 Special Olympics Pakistan

References

External links
 Official website
 Official Facebook page

Pak
Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
Pakistan at the Olympics
Disability organisations based in Pakistan
1998 establishments in Pakistan
Sports organizations established in 1998


title: Jean-Alfred Gautier

text:
Jean-Alfred Gautier or Alfred Gautier (18 July 1793 – 30 November 1881) was a Swiss astronomer.

Biography
He was born in Cologny. He was the son of François Gautier, merchant, and of Marie de Tournes.

He studied astronomy at the University of Geneva, then at the University of Paris. He was awarded a doctorate in celestial mechanics in Paris in 1817; his thesis was entitled Historical essay on the problem of three bodies. His academic advisors were Laplace, Lagrange and Legendre. In 1818 he worked in England with Herschel.

Back in Geneva in 1819, he was appointed astronomy professor then, in 1821, professor of advanced mathematics at the University of Geneva and director of the Observatory of Geneva. He had a new building constructed on the site in 1830 which was equipped with new instruments: an equatorial of Gambey and a meridian circle.

In 1839, visual impairments prevented him from continuing his career and he gave up his position to one of his pupils, Emile Plantamour.

In 1852, within a year of the publication of Schwabe's results, Gautier and three other researchers (Edward Sabine, Rudolf Wolf and Johann von Lamont) announced independently that the sunspot cycle period was absolutely identical to that of geomagnetic activity.

Gautier married Angélique Frossard de Saugy  in 1826, then in 1849 Louise Cartier. He died without children in Geneva.

References

19th-century Swiss astronomers
University of Paris alumni
Academic staff of the University of Geneva
1793 births
1881 deaths
Scientists from Geneva
Swiss expatriates in France


title: Literature of Madagascar

text:
The literature of Madagascar encompasses the oral and written literary arts of the Malagasy people.

Oral literary traditions
A wide range of oral literary traditions have developed in Madagascar. One of the island's foremost artistic traditions is its oratory, as expressed in the forms of hainteny (poetry), kabary (public discourse) and ohabolana (proverbs).  An epic poem exemplifying these traditions, the Ibonia, has been handed down over the centuries in several different forms across the island, and offers insight into the diverse mythologies and beliefs of traditional Malagasy communities.  In addition to these artistic traditions, oral histories were passed down across generations. Many stories, poems and histories were retold in musical form. The concept of poetry in traditional Malagasy oral literary traditions is inseparable from song, as demonstrated by the Malagasy words for "poem" - tononkira and tononkalo - which are formed by combining tonony (words) with hira/kalo (song).

Early written works
Arcane knowledge of various kinds, relating to religious rites, herbal medicine and other privileged knowledge, were traditionally recorded by ombiasy (wise men) using the sorabe, an Arabic script adapted to transcribe the Malagasy language. It was introduced by Arab sailors between the 7th and 10th centuries.  These earliest written works were only made to be seen by the ombiasy and were not disseminated. Malagasy sovereigns customarily kept ombiasy advisers and were occasionally instructed to read and write in the sorabe script, and may have used it for a wider range of purposes, although few sorabe documents survive to the present.

Elements of oral history and traditional oratory were documented by British and French visitors to the island. The first Malagasy historian was Raombana (1809–1855), one of the first pupils of the London Missionary Society school at the Rova of Antananarivo, who documented early 19th century Merina history in English and Malagasy. The Tantara ny Andriana eto Madagasikara, a compilation of the oral history of the Merina sovereigns, forms another major source of knowledge about traditional highland society and was collected and published in the late 19th century by a Catholic priest residing in the highlands.

Malagasy literature
Written, western-inspired literary arts developed in Madagascar shortly after colonization, with its initial emergence in the 1906-1938 period, which can be divided into four phases. The first phase is known as miana-mamindra (learning to walk) in Malagasy and extended from 1906-1914. During this time, a first wave of artists began writing poetry, novels and journals in the European style. In line with the French separation of church and state, these artists self-identified as mpino (believers) who were inspired by religious themes, and the tsy mpino (non-believers) who were more deeply inspired by their imagination. Many of these artists were members of Vy Vato Sakelika, a cultural organization with secret nationalist objectives. The French administration's discovery of the group's intent and consequent exile of many of its members created a veritable gap in the development of literature on the island from 1915 to 1922. The second phase, from 1922 to 1929, saw artists explore the Malagasy themes of embona sy hanina (nostalgia). This was followed by a third phase focused on ny lasa (a return to origins). The fourth phase, mitady ny very (the search for what's been lost) began in 1932. These themes illustrate the larger theme of lost identity, alienation and nostalgia for the past that emerged from the experience of colonization. These were followed in 1934-1938 by the theme of hita ny very (the lost is found).

The artists writing throughout the 1906-1938 period are known in Madagascar by two terms: the mpanoratra zokiny (elders), principally born under the former Merina monarchy, and the mpanoratra zandriny (juniors) who were born under the French administration and were typically driven to recapture and celebrate the past before colonization.

The first modern African poet, a Merina named Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1901 or 1903–1937), gained celebrity for blending surrealist, romantic and modernist poetic forms with elements of traditional Malagasy oratory, as well as his suicide by cyanide in 1937. Rabearivelo was also among the first to publish historical novels and wrote Madagascar's only Western-style opera. This blending of Western and traditional influence in the literary arts was carried on by such artists as Elie Rajaonarison, an exemplar of the new wave of Malagasy poetry. Other notable poets include Jacques Rabemananjara, Pierre Randrianarisoa, Georges Andriamanantena (Rado), Jean Verdi Salomon Razakandraina (Dox) and others. Leading authors include Jean-Luc Raharimanana, Michèle Rakotoson, Clarisse Ratsifandrihamanana, David Jaomanoro, Solofo Randrianja, Emilson Daniel Andriamalala and Celestin Andriamanantena. A number of comic books have also been created by Malagasy authors such as Anselme Razafindrainibe (1956–2011).

Many Malagasy literary artists have placed great emphasis on promoting and celebrating both the beauty and versatility of the Malagasy language and the richness of Malagasy oral traditions.

Malagasy literary artists

 Elie-Charles Abraham (1919– ), poet.
 Georges Andriamanantena (Rado), poet.
 David Jaomanoro (1953– ), poet, short story writer and playwright.
 Esther Nirina (1932– ), poet.
 Hajasoa Vololona Picard-Ravololonirina (1956– ), academic, politician and poet.
 Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1903–1937), poet and novelist.
 Jacques Rabemanajara (1913– ), poet, playwright and politician.
 Raymond William Rabemananjara (1913– ), historian and writer.
 Charlotte Arisoa Rafenomanjato (1938– ), writer and translator.
 Jean-Luc Raharimanana (1967– ), French-language writer.
 Elie Rajaonarison (1951–2010), poet, playwright, translator and photographer.
 Regis Rajemisa-Raolison (1913– ), poet and educator.
 Michele Rakotoson (1948– ), novelist, short story writer and playwright.
 Ny Avana Ramanantoanina, poet.
 Flavien Ranaivo (1914– ), poet and writer.
 Pierre Randrianarisoa, poet.
 Jean Verdi Salomon Razakandraina (Dox), poet, novelist, playwright, translator and musician.

Notes

Bibliography


title: Maharanipeta

text:
Maharanipeta is a neighbourhood in the city of Visakhapatnam, India. One of the 46 mandals of Visakhapatnam District, it is under the administration of Visakhapatnam revenue division, and its headquarters is at Maharanipeta. It is bounded by Seethammadhara and Gopalapatnam mandals. The origin of this name is unknown. It is a zone for hospitals, including King George Hospital and several private hospitals. The medical college in Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Medical College is also located there.

Wards

Maharanipeta mandal consists of the wards of:

Transportation
APSRTC run buses to every corner to this area; with these routes:

References

Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam


title: CX5

text:
CX-5 or CX5 may refer to:
Mazda CX-5, a compact crossover SUV produced by Mazda
Thatcher CX5, an American homebuilt aircraft
CX5, identifier for Cannabinoid receptor type 2, a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family
(6724) 1991 CX5, a main-belt minor planet
CX5 Division, a division of the Canadian Xtreme Paintball League

See also
Yamaha CX5M, an MSX-compatible computer made by Yamaha


title: Kolga Nature Reserve

text:
Kolga Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in south-western Estonia, in Pärnu County.

Kolga Nature Reserve protects a number of sand dunes, overgrown with forests. The sand dunes were formed from sediments from the Baltic Ice Lake and Ancylus Lake, i.e. after the last ice age. Species in the nature reserve includes white-tailed eagle, eagle owl and pygmy owl. The flora includes several species of orchid.

References

Nature reserves in Estonia
Geography of Pärnu County
Tourist attractions in Pärnu County
Lääneranna Parish


title: St. Columb's Anglican Church

text:
St Columb's Anglican Church is an Anglican church in Hawthorn, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne in Australia.

Location
The church is located on the corner of Burwood Road and St Columbs Street. The exact address is 5 St Columb's Street.

History
The church is named after St Columb's Cathedral in Derry, Northern Ireland, in honour of Saint Columba (521–597), an Irish abbot and missionary who spread Christianity to Scotland.

The church was founded in 1879 as a chapel of ease for Christ Church, another church in Hawthorn. The main building was designed by George Wharton in the Decorated Gothic architectural style in 1882-1883. It was built by James Anderson in the 1880s, using bluestone and freestone dressings. The first sermon took place in 1883. However, the entire church building was only completed in 1907, to the designs of architects H.W. & F.B. Tompkins. Other buildings include the Large Hall on Burwood Road, which used to act as a Sunday School and is now SPL indoor Cricket and the 'chapel' for the Sunday 6pm service and other uses, and the Small Hall, a former nursery school which is now used for Sunday 10am kids church, Thursday playgroup and other uses such as choir and dance lessens.

The stained glass was designed by William Montgomery, Alan Sumner and others. The original pipe organ, built by William Stone of St Kilda, Victoria, was sold to St Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Murwillumbah, New South Wales in 1923. The current pipe organ, built by Roberts Ltd of Melbourne and Adelaide, has been in this church since 1923. It is listed by the National Trust of Australia.

In 2007, the pews were replaced with padded seats. Since 2012, the church has received donations from Louise and Graham Tuckwell of the Tuckwell Foundation.

The current vicar is Rev. Mark McDonald.

St Columb's Anglican Church currently has two Sunday worship services: 10am in the church and 6pm "Live @ the Chapel" in the café.

References

Bibliography
Carolan, Jane. St Columb's Hawthorn 1883-1983. Harthorn, Victoria: Vestry of St. Columb's. 1983.

Columb, Hawthorn
Churches completed in 1907
Gothic Revival architecture in Melbourne
Gothic Revival church buildings in Australia
Religious organizations established in 1879
Buildings and structures in the City of Boroondara


title: Myles Turner

text:
Myles Christian Turner (born March 24, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one season for the Texas Longhorns before declaring for the 2015 NBA draft and being selected by the Pacers with the 11th overall pick.

Early life
Turner was born in Bedford, Texas, to parents David and Mary Turner, and started playing basketball at age 6. He attended Central Junior High School, and as a  freshman, he led his team to 28 wins.

High school career
Throughout high school, Turner played AAU basketball for the Texas Select team during the springs and summers to further develop himself and gain recognition as a player, participating in well known tournaments and camps such as the LeBron camp, the Nike Big Man Skills Academy, the NBPA Top 100 camp, Adidas Nations, and the Elite 24 invitational.

Between his sophomore and junior year, Turner, then 6'7", broke his ankle during the first spring game of AAU play, hurting his chances of recruitment, but soon recovered and gained some 30 pounds through two-a-day weight training regimen to improve his game.

In his junior year, after fully recovering, Turner averaged 15.7 points, 12.87 rebounds and 8.64 blocks per game, leading Trinity to a 17–13 record and reaching the state playoffs for the first time in 10 years, and only the ninth time in school history dating back to the school's establishment in 1968. He also accumulated six triple-doubles.

During the 2013 AAU summer circuit, Turner maintained his high level of production, leading his Texas Select team to the title at the 2013 Jayhawk Invitational in front of coaches from most of the Big 12 schools.

Going into his senior year, Turner began garnering nationwide attention and becoming a highly sought after recruit for his athleticism, ball handling, shooting ability, and natural shot blocking ability for someone of his height. He solidified that by finishing out his high school career with 18.1 points, 12.2 rebounds, 3.5 assists and 6.8 blocks per game, leading the Trojans to a 24–7 record.

After finishing off his senior year, Turner was one of the last highly sought after recruits left that were uncommitted. He was rated a five-star prospect by many sites including Rivals.com and several more college basketball analysts as well as being considered the No. 2 center in the nation behind Jahlil Okafor. Originally going into his senior year in fall of 2013, Turner had already accumulated 60 various offers, but by his senior year, the list was narrowed down to Texas, Kansas, Duke, Arizona, Kentucky, Ohio State and Oklahoma State. On April 30, 2014, live on ESPNU's Recruiting Insider, Turner formally announced his commitment to play basketball for the University of Texas.

Turner took part in the 2014 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, in which he recorded seven points and seven rebounds. He also represented the United States in the 2014 FIBA Americas Under-18 Championship, helping the country win a gold medal.

College career
As a freshman at Texas in 2014–15, Turner averaged 10.1 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2.6 blocks per game, earning 2015 Big 12 Freshman of the Year honors.

On March 30, 2015, Turner declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final three years of college eligibility. In June 2015, Turner said, "The decision wasn't really that hard because I knew I would be picked pretty high, so I knew this was my opportunity to go."

Professional career

Indiana Pacers (2015–present)

Turner was selected by the Indiana Pacers with the 11th overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft. He missed 21 games between November 13 and December 28 of his rookie season after undergoing surgery to repair a fracture in his left thumb. On January 22, 2016, he scored a then career-high 31 points in a 122–110 loss to the Golden State Warriors. On March 3, he was named Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month for February after ranking third among East first-year players in scoring (13.4 ppg), rebounding (6.6 rpg) and minutes (29.8 mpg) during the month. On March 24, he recorded 24 points and a career-high 16 rebounds in a 92–84 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. Turner helped the Pacers reach to the playoffs as the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference with a 45–37 record, where they lost 4–3 to the Toronto Raptors in the first round. At the season's end, he earned NBA All-Rookie Second Team honors.
In the Pacers' season opener on October 26, 2016, Turner recorded 30 points and a career-high-tying 16 rebounds in a 130–121 overtime win over the Dallas Mavericks. On December 15, he scored 26 points in a 102–95 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. On March 26, he had 17 points and tied a career high with 16 rebounds in a 107–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers.

Prior to the start of the 2017–18 season, Turner was elected team captain. In the Pacers' season opener on October 18, 2017, Turner had 21 points and 14 rebounds in a 140–131 win over the Brooklyn Nets. He missed the next eight games due to a concussion. On November 19, he scored a season-high 25 points against Miami Heat. Turner missed nine games in January with an injured right elbow. On March 13, he tied his season high with 25 points against the Philadelphia 76ers.

On October 15, 2018, Turner signed a four-year, $72 million contract extension with the Pacers. On October 29, in a 103–93 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers, Turner had three blocks to tie James Edwards (391) for number eight on the franchise's NBA career list. On December 10, he recorded a then season-high 26 points and 12 rebounds in a 109–101 win over the Washington Wizards. On December 23, he had 18 points and a career-high 17 rebounds in a 105–89 win over the Wizards. On March 5, he had a then career-high seven blocks in a 105–96 win over the Chicago Bulls. On March 18, he scored a season-high 28 points in a 106–98 loss to the Trail Blazers.

On February 25, 2020, Turner recorded a career-high eight blocks in a 119–80 win over the Charlotte Hornets. On December 22, 2020, in the Pacers' season-opener, Turner matched a career-high eight blocks in a 121–107 win over the New York Knicks. On January 6, 2021, he recorded eight blocks again in a 114–107 win over the Houston Rockets. Turner finished the season with a league-leading 3.4 blocks per game.

On October 22, 2021, Turner recorded a career-high 40 points, along with five three-pointers, 10 rebounds, and three blocks in a 134–135 overtime loss to the Washington Wizards. On November 4, Turner scored 25 points while recording a career-high seven 3-pointers and grabbing 13 rebounds in a 111–98 victory against the New York Knicks. On January 28, 2022, he was ruled out for at least two weeks with a stress reaction in his left foot. On February 10, he was shut down through the All-Star break. On February 23, Turner was ruled out for multiple more weeks. On March 28, he was ruled out for the remainder of the season. He would have led the league in blocks had he played the necessary 58 games, and finished the season averaging 12.9 points, 7.1 rebounds, and 2.8 blocks per game in 42 games, while shooting 50.9 percent from the field and 33.3 percent from the three-point line.

On February 23, 2023, Turner tied a career-high 40 points on a career-high eight three-pointers made and also put up 10 rebounds in a 142–138 overtime loss to the Boston Celtics.

Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 60 || 30 || 22.8 || .498 || .214 || .727 || 5.5 || .7 || .4 || 1.4 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 81 || 81 || 31.4 || .511 || .348 || .809 || 7.3 || 1.3 || .9 || 2.1 || 14.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 65 || 62 || 28.2 || .479 || .357 || .777 || 6.4 || 1.3 || .6 || 1.8 || 12.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 74 || 74 || 28.6 || .487 || .388 || .736 || 7.2 || 1.6 || .8 || style="background:#cfecec;" | 2.7* || 13.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 62 || 62 || 29.5 || .457 || .344 || .751 || 6.6 || 1.2 || .7 || 2.1 || 12.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 47 || 47 || 31.0 || .477 || .335 || .782 || 6.5 || 1.0|| .9  || style="background:#cfecec;" |  3.4*  || 12.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 42 || 42 || 29.4 || .509 || .333 || .752 || 7.1 || 1.0 || .7 || 2.8 || 12.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 62 || 62 || 29.4 || .548 || .373 || .783 || 7.5 || 1.4 || .6 || 2.3 || 18.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 493 || 460 || 28.8 || .498 || .353 || .771 || 6.8 || 1.2 || .7 || 2.3 || 13.4

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2016
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 7 || 4 || 28.1 || .465 || .000 || .667 || 6.4 || .4 || .3 || 3.3 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2017
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 4 || 4 || 33.3 || .432 || .000 || .625 || 6.8 || .8 || 1.8 || 1.3 || 10.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2018
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 7 || 7 || 28.0 || .611 || .462 || .789 || 5.1 || .6 || .3 || .6 || 12.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2019
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 4 || 4 || 31.5 || .400 || .214 || .615 || 6.3 || 1.5 || .0 || 1.8 || 9.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2020
| style="text-align:left;"| Indiana
| 4 || 4 || 36.5 || .568 || .429 || .438 || 10.8 || .8 || .5 || 4.0 || 15.8
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Career
| 26 || 23 || 30.7 || .500 || .306 || .631 || 6.8 || .7 || .5 || 2.1 || 11.7

College

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014–15
| style="text-align:left;"| Texas
| 34 || 7 || 22.2 || .455 || .274 || .839 || 6.5 || .6 || .3 || 2.6 || 10.1

Personal life
During his own time, Turner enjoys building Lego sets and practicing yoga.

References

External links

Texas Longhorns bio

1996 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Williamson County, Texas
Centers (basketball)
Indiana Pacers draft picks
Indiana Pacers players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from Bedford, Texas
Power forwards (basketball)
Texas Longhorns men's basketball players
United States men's national basketball team players
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
21st-century African-American sportspeople


title: Northern City

text:
Northern City Islands () are a group of islands in the archipelago of Bahrain, lying  west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.

Description
The proposed plan for the city was made in 2000.
It is a residential area that is being reclaimed and constructed by the Ministry of Housing in Bahrain. The core of the project involves more than 4,100 housing units, of which 3,110 are social housing units. The project costs about BD208 million ($551.7 million), started in January 2012 and is expected to complete in January 2018.
in June 2014 work on phase 2 began  by Aresco and Tamkon
in May 2015 work on phase 4 began, as mentioned in this article
in February 2016 work on phase 4 began, by SSH Holdings, on islands 13–14 on the eastern part.

Education
The islands have the new Bahrain University.

Administration
The island belongs to Northern Governorate.

Transportation
There are two causeways connecting Northern City with Bahrain Island:
 Jid al Haj Bridge
 Diraz Bridge
A future causeway called the Gulf Drive will connect the islands to Muharraq Island through all reclaimed islands in the north.

Image gallery

See also

 List of islands of Bahrain

References

Populated places in the Northern Governorate, Bahrain
Artificial islands of Bahrain
Islands of Bahrain
Islands of the Persian Gulf


title: Sakhlecha ministry

text:
Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha  was the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 18 January 1978 to 19 January 1980. Here are the names of ministers in his ministry:

Cabinet Ministers
Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha-Chief minister
Kailash Joshi
Ramhit Gupta
Shitala Sahai
Haribhau Joshi
Laxmi Narayan Sharma
Yeshwant Rao Meghawale
Jabar Singh
Shiv Prasad Chandpuria
Umrao Singh
Jayashree Banerjee
Ramanand Singh
Sakharam Patel
Sita Prasad Sharma
Anood Singh Maravi
Baliram Kashyap
Prabhunarayan Tripati
Laxminarayan Yadav
Pawan Diwan
Mohammad Yaqoob Rajwan
Jang Bahadur Singh
Shareef Master

Ministers of State
 Rajendra Dharkar
Manharan Lal Pandey
Jagdish Gupta
Vibhash Chandra Banerjee
Parashuram Sahu
Nathuram Ahirwar
Sharas Chandra Jharia
Smt. Savita Bajpai
Ramlal Chandrakar
Thakur Darbar Singh
Rama Shanker Singh

References

Saklecha
1978 in India
Janata Party state ministries
1978 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
1980 disestablishments in India
Cabinets established in 1978
Cabinets disestablished in 1980


title: Sprint Communications, Inc. v. Jacobs

text:
Sprint Communications, Inc. v. Jacobs, 571 U.S. 69 (2013), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which a unanimous Court held that federal court abstention under the Younger v. Harris doctrine is not in order simply because a pending state-court proceeding involves the same subject matter. The case involved a dispute between Sprint Corporation and Windstream Communications.

Background
Sprint Corporation had paid Windstream Communications for certain long-distance calls from Sprint customers to Windstream customers in Iowa. In 2009, Sprint withheld payment for Voice over IP (VoIP) calls after concluding that the Telecommunications Act of 1996 pre-empted intrastate regulation of VoIP traffic. Windstream then threatened to block all calls to and from Sprint customers.

In January 2010, Sprint filed a complaint with the Iowa Utilities Board (IUB) requesting a declaration that it was proper to withhold VoIP access charges. Though Sprint settled the dispute with Windstream and withdrew the complaint, the board continued the proceeding so that it could decide the underlying issue of VoIP classification under federal law.

In February 2011, the IUB issued an order with its own interpretation of VoIP’s classification under federal law along with a determination that Sprint was liable to Windstream for the access charges. Sprint then filed suit against the board in both federal district court (seeking a declaration that the Telecommunications Act preempted the board's decision and seeking an injunction against enforcement) and state court (reiterating the preemption argument, and asserting state law and procedural due process claims).

The federal district court dismissed the case because of the pending state suit and ruled that the Younger abstention applied. On appeal, the Eighth Circuit affirmed the abstention, vacated the dismissal, and remanded the case to the district court and ordered it enter a stay during the pendency of the state-court proceedings.

Supreme Court
Justice Ginsburg delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.

In Younger v. Harris, , the Supreme Court ruled that federal courts are required to abstain from hearing any civil rights tort claims brought by a person who is currently being prosecuted for a matter arising from that claim (the Younger abstention). The Court also recognized three exceptions to this abstention: 1) where the prosecution is in bad faith; 2) where the prosecution is part of some pattern of harassment against an individual; 3) or where the law being enforced is utterly and irredeemably unconstitutional.

The Court ruled that none of the three exemptions to the Younger abstention apply in this case. Federal courts "are obliged to decide cases within the scope of federal jurisdiction" and "[a]bstention is not in order simply because a pending state-court proceeding involves the same subject matter."

After the decision, the Eighth Circuit vacated its earlier opinion, reversed the district court, and remanded the case to the district court for further proceedings.

See also
 Verizon Communications Inc. v. FCC

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2013 in United States case law
Sprint Corporation
United States federal jurisdiction case law
United States communications regulation case law


title: Kušić

text:
Kušić is a Serbian surname, derived from Kuša, a diminutive of the masculine given name Kuzman.

Vojo Kushi (Kušić), Albanian national hero

See also
Kušići, village in Serbia
Kušiljevo, village in Serbia
Kusić (disambiguation)
Kužić, surname

Surnames of Serbian origin