title: China service of the Lincoln administration

text:
The china service of the Lincoln administration generally refers to a set of purple-banded china (porcelain) dishes used for serving and eating food at the White House, home of the president of the United States for state dinners. Also known as the Lincoln solferino china service (in reference to the purple border), it was purchased in April 1861 by First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln. The porcelain was manufactured by Haviland & Co. in France, and some of the decoration of the china was made overseas.  Additional decoration was made by the American firm of E. V. Haughwout & Co., which sold the china to Mrs. Lincoln.

Much of the china was broken or too chipped to be used by the end of the first Lincoln administration in 1865. A second set of much plainer buff banded china was ordered in the Lincoln administration, and was used for family non-state entertaining.  Mrs. Lincoln ordered or was given a third set of china with a pink border shortly before leaving the White House, and it was delivered to her private home.

The administration of Andrew Johnson ordered a second set of "Lincoln solferino china" in 1865, but some of this set did not survive Johnson's term in office. The administrations of Ulysses S. Grant, Chester Arthur, and Grover Cleveland also purchased replacement pieces.

Little of the original Lincoln china remains to this day. The largest collections are owned by the White House and the Smithsonian Institution, with several other smaller collections held by both public institutions and private collectors.

Decision to purchase new china

When the Lincolns moved into the White House in March 1861 (inaugurations did not move to January until the 1940s), they found it in a terrible state.  Furniture throughout the executive mansion was broken, wallpaper was peeling off in many rooms, and the décor was cheap, shoddy, and tasteless. President James Buchanan, Lincoln's predecessor, was a lifelong bachelor. His niece, Harriet Lane, acted as hostess and de facto First Lady. Lane focused primarily on her hosting duties, rather than maintaining the White House.  Although Congress allotted President Buchanan $20,000 ($ in  dollars) to refurbish the White House when he moved in, Buchanan spent nearly all these funds on building a glass conservatory adjacent to the mansion to replace an orangery on the east side of the White House built during the Jackson administration but torn down to make way for an expansion of the Treasury Building. Only two rooms were in acceptable condition:  The Blue Room and the East Room. The Blue Room had been wallpapered and carpeted in 1837 during the administration of Martin Van Buren, and the Rococo Revival gilded wood furniture (a purchase of Harriet Lane's, financed by the auction of older White House furniture) had only arrived in December 1859. The centerpiece of this suite was a large circular settee with a central table for flowers. The East Room, which was largely unfurnished because it was used as a ballroom, retained its 1818 Federal style furniture (which had been reupholstered in 1829), 1839 silver wallpaper with gold border, and 1853 draperies, lace curtains, and carpet. The East Room, was nonetheless, somewhat shabby.

Mary Todd Lincoln discovered that the White House china – which had been purchased in the administration of Franklin Pierce in the early 1850s – was in a sorry state.  There were only enough plates, cups, saucers, and serving dishes to serve about 10 guests, and what china remained was mismatched and damaged. Harriet Lane had purchased no new china during the Buchanan administration, limiting her purchases to crystal and gold spoons for use during tea parties and coffee receptions.

The President had access to certain public funds to maintain and furnish the White House. These included $5,000 a year ($ in  dollars) for redecorating the White House, and $6,000 a year ($ in  dollars) to make repairs to the structure.

The first (solferino) Lincoln china set

The 1861 buying trip
Prior to the presidential inauguration, Mrs. Lincoln had spent January 11 to 22, 1861, in New York City shopping for clothes. During this time, she became acquainted with many of the city's finer merchants, and established accounts at several of them.

On May 10, 1861, Mrs. Lincoln traveled to New York City on a purchasing trip to redecorate the White House.  She was accompanied by William S. Wood, interim Commissioner of Public Buildings; Colonel Robert Anderson, who defied the Confederacy by attempting to hold Fort Sumter in April 1861; Mrs. Elizabeth Todd Grimsley, her sister; and a niece. After a brief stop-over in Philadelphia, the entourage arrived in New York City late on May 11. With stores closed on Sunday, May 12, she spent May 13 and May 14 shopping for a carriage, clothes, furniture, and household goods at A. T. Stewart & Co., Lord & Taylor, and other stores.

Solferino design

On May 15, Mrs. Lincoln visited the china showroom of E. V. Haughwout & Co. Haughwout's showed her a "specimen plate" they had exhibited at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in New York in 1853. The company had produced the plate in the hopes that President Pierce would like it and buy a set of china based on its look. The "Pierce Plate" was a creamy white porcelain emblazoned with the arms of the United States. These depicted an America eagle in the Napoleonic style (slender wings outspread, slender neck and head, facing right, leaning left), gripping a shield emblazoned with the U.S. colors (white band at top rimmed in blue, with blue stars on the field, and narrow red and white stripes below).  The shield tilted to the right, and the lower southeast corner was lost in rosy clouds which surrounded and were in back of the eagle.  Drifting through the clouds left and right of the shield was a ribbon with the national motto ("E pluribus unum").  An olive branch extended to the left, and a sheaf of arrows to the right.  A wide dark blue border, its outer rim dotted with tiny white stars, encircled the plate. The beyond that was a twisted gold rope ("in the Alhambra style"). The edges of the demonstration plate were lightly scalloped.

Mary Lincoln was thrilled with the design.  She asked for only minimal changes. The most important was that the blue band be replaced with "solferino". Solferino was a moderate purplish-red color similar to magenta—a highly popular color at the time.  A dye that could create the solferino color had only been discovered in 1859, so asking for solferino color was asking for the trendiest color then available.  It was also close to purple, which was Mrs. Lincoln's favorite color. Mrs. Lincoln also asked that the edges of the plates be more heavily scalloped.

Solferino orders
Lincoln ordered 666 pieces of china for the White House. The dining service – which consisted of two large salad bowls, four pickle bowls, 18 meat platters of various sizes (ranging from  in diameter), four fish platters of various sizes, two butter dishes, six vegetable platters, 96 dinner plates, 48 soup bowls, four water pitchers, and two ice bowls – consisted of 190 pieces.  The 208-piece dessert service consisted of custard cups, fruit bowls of various heights and sizes, strawberry bowls, sugar bowls, fruit baskets (some oval, some round), dessert plates, coffee cups, and two large shell-shaped bowls. The breakfast/tea service consisted of tea plates, preserve plates, coffee cups, egg cups, tea cups, and cake plates for a total of 260 pieces.  She also ordered four "servers" (large plates for serving chocolates), two punch bowls, and four large centerpieces (white pelicans formed a pillar on top of which was a large platform on which dishes could be presented).

Mary Lincoln was so happy with the china service that she also ordered a small set for the family's personal use, and a "toilet set" for use in the family bedrooms. The toilet set was ordered on July 18, 1861, and consisted of two services. The one for Abraham and Mary Lincoln consisted of a ewer and basin, covered chamber pot, soap box, brush tray, jug, foot bath, and slop jar. It cost $45, and was decorated with the solferino border, although the Alhambra edging was replaced with a quatrefoil and tassel motif. The Great Seal of the United States was replaced with a Gothic "ML" in the center. A plain white toilet set, with the same items, formed the second set. This less fancy set cost just $24.50. Mrs. Lincoln ordered a third fancy toilet set, this one decorated with the U.S. coat of arms, on July 30. It appears intended for Mrs. Lincoln's bedroom, as it also included a ewer, sponge box, powder box, and pair of candlesticks. The cost of the third toilet set was $115.

Manufacture of the Solferino set

The china was produced by Haviland & Co. in Limoges, France. American porcelain manufacturers simply were not up to the task of producing fine china, and could not have produced as many pieces as Mrs. Lincoln wished. Haviland undoubtedly gilded the edges with the gold rope and painted the solferino band on the plate, then shipped it to New York City.  The Haughwout company finished the decorating. A stencil was used to create an outline of the image, which was then painted in by hand.

The final design was slightly different from the Pierce plate. The Lincoln eagle faced left, not right; the clouds only formed the lower arc of a circle, and obscured the southwest corner of the shield; the olive branch was more prominent, and the arrows less numerous; and a glowing yellow sun (not glowing clouds) backed the eagle. The stars around the outer edge of the solferino band were now just gilt dots.

Silverware and glassware orders
Mrs. Lincoln also ordered three dozen gilded silver forks, 10 dozen silver-plated and iron-handled dinner knives ($240), and six dozen dessert knives ($120). She also had an older gold-plated flatware set regilded at a cost of either $1,783 or $2,343.  E.V. Haughwout & Co. provided both the new dining utensils and the regilding.

She completed her purchases by ordering glassware. She purchased the glassware on July 3, 1861, from A. P. Zimaudy of Washington, D.C.  This $1,500 set of glassware was richly cut and one side inscribed with the U.S. coat of arms. The glassware was manufactured by Christian Dorflinger, a company based in Brooklyn, New York, and was much thinner and lighter than the typical White House heavy crystal which had been used since the Andrew Jackson administration. Small flowers were depicted on the sides and backs of the glassware. A decorative border of umbrella-like shapes was etched into the lip, and the base featured a star and fan of spreading rays. The exact content of the glassware order is not clear, but probably included four dozen complete settings (water glass, red wine glass, white wine glass, champagne flute, dessert wine glass, and all-purpose glass) as well as some serving dishes. White House glassware historian Jane Shadel Spillman believes the glassware collection was probably similar to a "presentation" set given to Japanese diplomats by E.V. Haughwout the year before. This presentation set included goblets, champagne glasses, wine glasses, claret glasses, green-tinted hock glasses, cordial glasses, quart- and pint-size decanters, claret decanters, bowls, side dishes, finger bowls, and saltcellars. The setting also probably included punch bowls, double-handled punch cups, ice cream plates, carafes, sugar bowls, and celery vases. Among the known serving dishes were a relish dish and a compote dish.

Solferino cost
The White House china set cost $3,195.  (The family's personal china, which Mrs. Lincoln bought at a discount since it was ordered at the same time as the government-owned set, cost $1,106.37.)  She turned the invoice for the publicly owned china over to the federal government for payment.

Mrs. Lincoln saw the "solferino" china during a return trip to New York City in August 1861, and approved its delivery. E.V. Haughwout delivered the china on September 2, 1861.  Some scholars claim Abraham Lincoln thought the expense too much, and refused to pay it. This appears to be a myth, as Lincoln approved the invoice a week before the china was received, and the federal government paid the invoice on September 16, 1861.

The Lincoln china was the first State Dinner Service chosen entirely by a First Lady, and the most complete set of dinnerware ever assembled at the White House up to that time.

Loss of the "solferino" set

By late 1864, much of the "solferino" china set had been damaged or broken. During Willie Lincoln's funeral in February 1862, much of it had been damaged, and mourners and souvenir-seekers made off with a number of pieces. There was so little of it left by November 1864 that Mrs. Lincoln was forced to purchase a dozen teacups with a simple colored band from the D.C. firm of Webb and Beveridge in order to host a tea party. (This simple set cost $11.)

What remained of the "solferino" china, some of the buff china, crystal, and flatware was stolen by servants and others in the weeks after Lincoln's assassination. Some crystal and buff china were seen for sale in a second-hand shop in Georgetown, and the large punch bowl made its way to Shaw's saloon in Baltimore. Benjamin French, Commissioner of Public Buildings, was accused of having made off with much of it. At congressional hearings into the issue, French implied that Mrs. Lincoln had stolen the items herself.

When Mary Todd Lincoln turned the White House over to Andrew Johnson on May 26, 1865, only three partial place settings, some teacups, and some odds and ends were left of the "solferino" set. Smithsonian Institution historian Susan Detweiler believes that these three settings consisted of pieces of the Pierce and Polk china, plus pieces of either the Lincoln "solferino" or buff band china.

Post-Lincoln re-orders of the "solferino" set
In July 1865, President Andrew Johnson asked Haughwout & Co. to make an inventory of the White House china and silver, and to make replacements as necessary. Congress subsequently made a $30,000 appropriation at the end of 1865 to pay for the general refurbishment of the house (which included the china and silver replacements). The administration replaced the entire "solferino" china set with an identical set on January 17, 1866, also manufactured by Haviland and decorated by E. V. Haughwout and Company. This china is different from the 1861 set, as both the outline and the colors were done by hand (no stencil was used).  This second order of "Lincoln china" consisted of 391 pieces, and included pickle dishes, custard cups, egg cups, serving dishes of various depths, compote dishes, sugar bowls, baskets, butter dishes, dinner plates, dessert plates, tea plates, soup plates, preserve plates, breakfast coffee cups, regular coffee cups, tea cups, water pitchers, and one salad bowl, cake plate, and ice bowl. There is little documentary evidence, but oral tradition claims that E.V. Haughwout contracted with Edward Lycett, the most famous china painter in the United States at the time, to decorate the china. Glassware was also reordered from Haughwout & Co. in 1866, and manufactured by the New England Glass Co. of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

But this service did not last long, either. An inventory taken on February 28, 1867, showed that some of the original "solferino" and the Johnson replacement "solferino" survived, along with some of the crystal plates and cut glass. E. V. Haughwout estimated the value of the remaining pieces at $22,000.

The Grant administration ordered 275 replacements (which included 72 cups and saucers) for the Johnson "solferino" set in 1873. It was delivered on December 10, 1873. The porcelain was manufactured by Haviland and imported and decorated by the firm of J. W. Boteler and Brother of Washington, D.C. The service consisted of plates in three sizes, compote dishes, and cups and saucers, and cost $1,207.21. This china may be identified by the words "Fabriqué par Haviland & Co./Pour/J. W. Boteler & Bro./Washington", which is painted or stamped on the back. By the end of the first Grant administration, there was not enough left to set dinner for eight or nine people.

An extensive survey of the White House china was made personally by Chester Arthur and doorkeeper Charles Loeffler in autumn 1881. Three full sets of china were discovered: The Lincoln "solferino" set (made up of replacement orders from the Johnson and Grant administrations), the Grant flower-and-buff band china set, and the Rutherford B. Hayes china set. In July 1884, Arthur made a replacement order for the Lincoln "solferino" china. This order was also manufactured by Haviland, and consisted of 30 dishes. This china also had "Fabriqué par Haviland & Co./Pour/J. W. Boteler & Bro./Washington" on the back. The cost of these replacements was $150.

A final Lincoln "solferino" reorder was placed in 1894 during the second administration of Grover Cleveland. Once more, Haviland manufactured the blanks, and J.W. Boteler & Son decorated the pieces in the United States.

Beginning in 1876, reproduction pieces of the "solferino" china were produced in the United States.  Haviland did not begin stamping their name on the back of their china until 1876.  A large number of reproduction china services, made of hard-paste porcelain and stamped "Administration/Abraham Lincoln" (in black or red color) on the back, were made for sale at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.  After Edith Roosevelt, wife of President Theodore Roosevelt, showed intense interest in previous White House China in 1902, the firm of Dulin & Martin began offering copies of the Lincoln "solferino" and other presidential china sets for sale to the public. Much of the "Lincoln china" which collectors have in their possession is reproduction china; the original china ordered by Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs. Andrew Johnson have no markings on the back.

In the early 1960s, Jacqueline Kennedy would often use the Lincoln "solferino" china as serving plates. By May 1964, there remained enough of the Lincoln "solferino" china replacements to completely set two tables (about 12 place settings). During the Ford administration, Betty Ford would often use the Lincoln "solferino" to serve individual courses at small formal occasions, or for family dining.

The second (buff) Lincoln china set

In late 1864, Mrs. Lincoln ordered a new set of china for family, non-state dinners in the White House.  This time, the importer was China Hall, a company owned by James K. Kerr of Philadelphia. The design this time was extremely simple:  A white plate, with a buff border edged in gilt lines. This 511-piece set consisted of dining plates, soup plates, dessert plates, ice cream plates, a wide variety of dishes (large and small fish platters, vegetable platters, side dish platters), tureens, sauce boats, pickle dishes, salad bowls, custard cups, fruit baskets (round and oval), fruit platters, sugar bowls, coffee cups and saucers, and other items.  This 181-piece set cost $1,700, and was billed on January 30, 1865. It's not clear which firm manufactured the china, but it is clearly of French manufacture.

Glassware was also replenished at this time. Mrs. Lincoln ordered 24 plain cut goblets (probably for family dining) in November 1864 and January 1865 from the D.C. firm of Webb & Beveridge. The cost was just $30. On January 30, 1865, she also ordered glassware to replace broken and stolen glassware for public events from John Kerr's China Hall, at a cost of $612.50. This service included four dozen each of goblets, champagne glasses, claret glasses, burgundy glasses, madeira glasses, sherry glasses, hock glasses, and cordial glasses. The bases appear to have been plain (unlike the 1861 order), except for the madeira glasses—which were more richly carved and featured the rays on the foot. The hock glasses were ruby (not green) in color, and the madeira glasses may also have been red colored. She ordered another four decanters on March 25.

On February 20, Mrs. Lincoln made an addition order of coffee cups and saucers, water pitchers, and bowls.  These 24 items were in the same style, and cost $173.50.

The main set of china arrived in the United States via express shipment on February 13, 1865. The remaining 46 pieces arrived a few weeks later.  But it was probably delivered just days before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 15, 1865.

The receipt for the "Second Administration" buff china was delivered shortly after Andrew Johnson became President.  The bill for the main china order and glassware was paid on August 29, 1865, and the bill for the additional china paid on February 10, 1866.

Loss of the Lincoln buff china set
An inventory of White House furnishings taken on May 26, 1865, showed that nearly the entire buff band china service had survived. It appeared to be inferior or roughly handled, however, and much of it broke over the next two years. An inventory dated February 28, 1867, indicated that only a few pieces of this set remained.

In the late 1800s, much of the buff china service was collected by Admiral Francis W. Dickins, a noted collector of porcelain. He misattributed this china to the administration of James Monroe, an error which was perpetuated by scholars and nonexperts alike for many years. Individual collectors often misidentify this china as also having come from the Monroe administration. The White House, too, often misattributed the china, mixing it with buff banded china ordered during the Grant administration. This problem with the White House china collection was rectified in 1958. Mamie Eisenhower, a fan of beautiful china, asked the Smithsonian Institution to assist her in researching and cataloguing correctly the White House china collection. This led to the correct identification of the buff band china with the Lincoln administration.

The third (pink) Lincoln china set

In early 1865, Mrs. Lincoln ordered yet a third set of china. Records regarding this set are minimal, and it is unclear if it was purchased or was a gift from the manufacturer. The set was clearly ordered by Mrs. Lincoln before May 26, 1865, but did not arrive until after July 26, 1865 (once she had left Washington, D.C., and settled at the Hyde Park Hotel in Hyde Park, Illinois).

The "pink set" was provided by James K. Kerr of Philadelphia. The china has a pink border. Inside the border is a gold Greek fret motif, and a gold monogram capital letter "L" is centered in the plates and saucers. Kerr most likely decorated the piece, or at least provided the gilding and monogram.

Importance of the Lincoln china sets

The Lincoln "solferino" china service is considered one of the most beautiful ever purchased by the White House. The "solferino" china also has deeply influenced other china sets purchased by the president. In 1891, Caroline Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison, ordered a new state china service that used the same blank as the "solferino" set. The U.S. coat of arms was an adaptation of the one used on the Lincoln china set. David Barquist, curator of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, has noted that while the Lincoln "solferino" china set was reviled as pretentious when unveiled, it later "became so popular it was one of the most reordered sets." Food for the Inaugural Luncheon of President Barack Obama in January 2009 was served on a reproduction of the Lincoln "solferino" service.

As of 2009, Lincoln china was some of the most sought-after presidential china by collectors. While most White House china plates were sold at auction for about $4,000 to $6,000, Lincoln "solferino" plates sold for $14,100. "Solferino" souvenir plates were much less sought after, however, and could be found for just $300.

Current Lincoln china collections
The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.; The Henry Ford museum in Dearborn, Michigan; the Chicago Historical Society in Chicago, Illinois; and the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, all have good collections of the Lincoln "solferino" china. Many private collectors also have pieces.

The Smithsonian Institution and the White House also have pieces of the buff china in their collections. Individual collectors have pieces as well, although these are often misidentified as coming from the Monroe or Grant administrations.

The Lincoln family's personal set of "solferino" china stayed in the family for many years before being sold. It was last in the possession of Henry Horner, governor of Illinois, at the time of his death in 1940. Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, the great-grandson of Abraham Lincoln, also retained some of the personal "solferino" china (as well as some of the silverware). It is unclear which of the three institutions which benefitted from Beckwith's will (Iowa Wesleyan College, the American Red Cross, and the Church of Christ, Scientist) received the china and silver, or if it was sold at auction.

See also
 China Room
 White House china

References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links
"White House Entertaining - The First Ladies at the Smithsonian, Smithsonian Museum of American History
"Caroline Harrison collection of White House china", C-SPAN's American History TV

Furnishings of the White House
Porcelain of France
Porcelain of the United States
Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
Individual pieces of porcelain


title: South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust

text:
South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust was the National Health Service trust responsible for managing South Tyneside District Hospital.

History
The trust was authorised as a foundation trust on 1 January 2005. It merged with City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust  to form South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust in April 2019.

Performance
It achieved the bronze status Investors in People Award in 2015.  It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015.  At that time it had 3818 full time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 5.71%. 63% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 57% recommended it as a place to work.  The trust reported a 6.7% staff absence rate, the highest in England in 2014/5.

The trust's staffing costs are said to be 10% higher than comparable organisations. It has had the highest staff sickness absence rate of any acute trust in England for four years in a row, with an average rate of 5.6% of days lost to sickness absence for the first three quarters of 2016-17.

References

Defunct NHS trusts


title: After Dark (Music Revelation Ensemble album)

text:
After Dark is an album by James Blood Ulmer's Music Revelation Ensemble recorded in 1991 and released on the Japanese DIW label featuring performances by Ulmer with David Murray, Amin Ali and Cornell Rochester.

Reception

The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4 stars, stating, "MRE is fast becoming Ulmer's most successful and consistent outlet. What's more because of its innovation and hard rocking intensity and groove, it's totally fine to say you like jazz-rock again".

Track listing
All compositions by James Blood Ulmer
 "Interview" – 7:36
 "Never Mind" – 12:15
 "Maya" – 10:05
 "After Dark" – 12:45
 "Back Talk" – 7:15
 "What's Your Name" – 10:27
 "Iceman" – 8:31

Personnel
James Blood Ulmer – guitar
David Murray – tenor saxophone
Amin Ali – electric bass
Cornell Rochester – drums
On track 4 add the Intercity String Quartet:
Ronald Lawrence – viola
Jason K. Hwang, Rudi Berger – violin
Michelle Kinney – cello

References

1992 albums
James Blood Ulmer albums
David Murray (saxophonist) albums
DIW Records albums


title: Brazil at the 2015 Pan American Games

text:
Brazil competed in the 2015 Pan American Games in Hamilton, Canada from July 10 to 26, 2015. The Brazilian Olympic Committee selected a team of 590 athletes, 314 men and 276 women. This is the 17th appearance of the country in the Pan American Games. The goal of the Brazilian Olympic Committee is to finish among top 3 countries on total medals, as part of preparations for the 2016 Summer Olympics, in Rio de Janeiro, and to surpass the number of medals of Guadalajara (141). Women's field hockey, baseball, racquetball and speed skating competitions will be the only sports without Brazilian representation at these games.

On July 4, 2015, the swimmer Thiago Pereira was named the flagbearer of the team during the opening ceremony. Pereira has already been the Brazilian flagbearer during the 2007 Pan American Games closing ceremony. Brazil's team competed in all sports except in racquetball.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes:

Medalists
The following competitors from Brazil won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.

Archery

Brazil qualified two male and three female archers based on its performance at the 2014 Pan American Championships. Later Brazil qualified 1 more man based on its performance at the 2015 Copa Merengue. The team was named on 3 June 2015.

Men

Women

Athletics

Brazil has qualified 80 athletes in total (43 men and 37 women). The roster was announced on June 8, 2015.

Men
Track & road events

Field events

Combined events – Decathlon

Women
Track & road events

Field events

Combined events

Badminton

Brazil qualified a full team of eight athletes (four men and four women).
Men

Women

Mixed

Basketball

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's teams. Each team will consist of 12 athletes, for a total of 24.

Men

Group A

Women

Group A

Beach Volleyball

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's pair for a total of four athletes.

Bowling

Brazil has qualified 4 athletes (2 men and 2 women).

Singles

Pairs

Boxing

Brazil has qualified seven male boxers in the 52 kg, 56 kg, 64 kg, 69 kg, 81 kg, 91 kg and +91 kg men's categories and one female boxer in the 75 kg women's category.

Men

Women

Canoeing

Slalom
Brazil has qualified five boats and five athletes, 4 men and 1 women:

Sprint
Brazil has qualified 14 athletes in the sprint discipline (6 in men's kayak, 5 in women's kayak, 2 in men's canoe and 1 in women's canoe).

Men
Edson Isaias da Silva
Erlon Silva
Hans Mallmann
Isaquias Queiroz

Women
Beatriz Vergutz
Valdenice do Nascimento

Qualification Legend: QF = Qualify to final; QS = Qualify to semifinal

Cycling

Brazil has qualified 24 athletes: 14 men and 10 women.

BMX

Mountain

Road
Men

Women

Track
Men
Armando Camargo
Endrigo Pereira
Flávio Cipriano
Gideoni Monteiro
Hugo Osteti
Kacio Freitas
Thiago Nardin

Women
Gabriela Yumi Gomes
Wellyda Rodrigues

Diving

Brazil has qualified 8 athletes: 4 men and 4 women.

Men

Women

Equestrian

Brazil qualified the full quota of riders in all equestrian events (4 in dressage, 4 in eventing and 4 in show jumping).

Dressage

Eventing

Jumping

Legend: * = Did not pass horse inspection

Fencing

Brazil qualified 18 fencers (9 men, 9 women).

Men

Women

Field hockey

Brazil has qualified a men's team of 16 athletes. Although the country hosts the 2016 Summer Olympics the following year, it does not get an automatic spot for the dispute. In order to qualify, Brazil has to finish 6th place or higher at the Pan Am.

Men

Pool B

Football

Men

Brazil has qualified a men's team.

Squad

Andrey
Jacsson
Bressan
Luan
Gustavo Henrique
Euller
Gilberto
Tinga
Vinícius Freitas
Bruno Paulista
Barreto
Dodô
Eurico
Romulo
Clayton
Erik Lima
Lucas Piazon
Luciano

Group A

Women

Brazil has qualified a women's team of 18 athletes.

Squad

Andressa Alves
Andressa Machry
Bárbara
Cristiane
Darlene
Érika
Fabiana
Gabi Zanotti
Luciana
Maurine
Formiga
Mônica
Poliana
Rafinha
Rafaelle
Raquel
Tamires
Thaisa

Group B

Golf

Brazil qualified two male and two female golfers. The team was named on May 20, 2015.

Gymnastics

Brazil has qualified 20 gymnasts.

Artistic
Brazil qualified 10 athletes. The men's team was named on June 26 and the women's team on June 30, 2015.

Men
Team & Individual Qualification

Petrix Barbosa (reserve)

Qualification Legend: Q = Qualified to apparatus final

Individual Finals

Women
Team & Individual Qualification

Jade Barbosa (reserve)

Qualification Legend: Q = Qualified to apparatus final

Individual Finals

Rhythmic
Brazil has qualified a full team of eight gymnasts (six in group and two in individual).

Individual

Qualification Legend: Q = Qualified to apparatus final

Group

Handball

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's teams. Each team will consist of 15 athletes, for a total of 30.

Men

Group A

Women

Group A

Judo

Brazil has qualified a full team of fourteen judokas (seven men and seven women).

Men

Women

Karate

Brazil has qualified 3 male and 4 female athletes.

Men

Women

Modern pentathlon

Brazil has qualified 5 athletes, 2 male and 3 female pentathletes.

Roller sports

Figure skating
Brazil has qualified one male and one female figure skater.

Rowing

Brazil has qualified 12 boats and 21 rowers, 16 men and 5 women.

Men
Ailson Eráclito
Thiago Pereira Carvalho
Renato Cataldo
Thiago Almeida
Guilherme Gomes
David Faria
Diego Nazário
Emmanuel Dantas
Pedro Meirelles
Victor Ruzicki
Maciel Costa
Allan Bittencourt
Leandro Tozzo
Vinícius Delazeri
Gabriel Campos
Maurício Abreu

Women
Fabiana Beltrame
Sophia Câmara Py
Caroline Corado
Yanka Britto
Gabriella Salles

Qualification Legend: FA or F=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); R=Repechage

Rugby sevens

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's teams for a total of 24 athletes (12 men and 12 women).

Men

Group B

Quarterfinals

Women

Sailing

Men

Women

Mixed

Open

Shooting

Brazil has qualified 19 shooters, 13 men and 6 women.

Men
Bruno Heck
Cassio Rippel
Eduardo Corrêa
Emerson Duarte
Iosef Forma
Jaison Santin
Leonardo Moreira
Luiz Fernando da Graça
Renato Portela
Rodrigo Bastos
Stênio Yamamoto

Women

Softball

Brazil has qualified a women's of 15 athletes.

Women

Group A

Semifinals

Squash

Brazil has qualified 3 squash players (all women).

Women

Swimming

Brazil has qualified 35 athletes total, 18 men and 17 women:

Men

Women

Synchronized swimming

Brazil has qualified a full team of nine athletes.

Table tennis

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's team.

Men

Women

Taekwondo

Brazil has qualified a full team of eight athletes (four men and four women).

Men

Women

Tennis

Brazil has qualified a full team of six athletes (three men and three women).

Men

Women

Mixed

Trampoline

Brazil has qualified 2 athletes.

Triathlon

Brazil has qualified a full triathlon team.

Men

Women

Volleyball

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's volleyball team, for a total of 24 athletes (12 men and 12 women).

Men

Group A

Semifinals

Gold medal match

Women

Team

Group B

Semifinals

Gold medal match

Water polo

Brazil has qualified a men's and women's teams. Each team will consist of 13 athletes, for a total of 26.

Men

Group B

Semifinals

Gold medal match

Women

Group B

Semifinals

Bronze medal match

Water skiing

Brazil qualified 2 male athletes.

Weightlifting

Brazil has qualified a team of 8 athletes. The weightlifters was selected during the Brazilian trials on 22 May 2015.

Wrestling

Brazil has qualified so far 5 female and 4 male athletes:

Freestyle

Greco-Roman

See also
Brazil at the 2016 Summer Olympics

References

Nations at the 2015 Pan American Games
P
2015


title: Another Life (Emphatic album)

text:
Another Life is the third and final full-length studio album by American hard rock band Emphatic, released October 22, 2013. A follow-up to their major label debut Damage by Atlantic, the album reached No. 8 on Billboard Top Heatseekers chart. It is the only Emphatic record released through Epochal Artists. It is also the only Emphatic album to feature lead singer Toryn Green.

Background

Only a couple of weeks before the first single from their previous record Damage was to be released, the Emphatic vocalist Patrick Wilson fractured his larynx in a bar fight. The band waited for his return for almost a year and toured with substitute singers. The record and subsequent singles did fairly well on charts, but by Wilson's return, the momentum was gone and Emphatic was dropped from the label. Wilson quit and the rest of the band members dropped out, leaving lead guitarist and songwriter Justin McCain the only remaining original member in the band. Determined to rebuild and revamp everything, McCain signed another record deal with Epochal Artists and brought in a new singer Toryn Green (formerly of Fuel), new bassist Jesse Saint, and co-lead guitarist Bill Hudson.

In addition to an all new lineup, a lot of things were going to be different. McCain had worked with Howard Benson on Damage, but this time he wanted to produce the new album himself. After being the sole songwriter in the band for years, McCain teamed up with Green in co-writing songs. Not wanting to replicate the last album, they decided to go another direction, add musical elements that weren't tapped into previously, and not include another "Bounce" or "Get Paid" on the record. In McCain's words, lyrically the record is telling the story of the past year of his and Toryn's life.

Toryn Green brought in three songs from his own arsenal. "Time is Running Out" was previously released as a single with his former band For The Taking. "The Choice" and "Forbidden You" were performed on For The Taking live shows, but not officially released.

The record includes also collaborations with other artists. The single "Remember Me" is a co-write with "Sahaj" Ticotin of alternative metal band Ra. Tobin Esperance of Papa Roach co-wrote three tracks to the record, "Another Life", "I Don't Need You", and "Take Your Place".

The album was recorded with producer Ryan Greene at Validus Recording studios located in North Hollywood. McCain played most of the guitar parts while the new co-lead guitarist Hudson recorded guitar solos on two tracks, "Remember Me" and "Forbidden You". John Tempesta (The Cult/ex-Testament, White Zombie) was enlisted to lay down the drum tracks for the album.

Promotion
"Remember Me" impacted radio on July 30, 2013 and was released as the album's lead single on August 20, 2013, entering the iTunes chart at No. 6. It peaked at No. 30 on Billboard Mainstream Rock tracks, spending 14 weeks on the chart.

Only days prior to the release of "Another Life", the album was streamed in its entirety exclusively at Revolver Magazine website.

The record release party took place at The Slowdown, Omaha on September 21, 2013.

To promote the album, Emphatic played only a handful of shows in 2013. In October 2013, a biker-themed music video for "Remember Me" was shot in Mojave Desert near Apple Valley, California, with appearances from Andrew Bryniarski (Texas Chainsaw Massacre) and Victor Newmark (John Teller from SOA), but the video was never finalized. A raw version of the band performance sequence from the videoshoot surfaced on YouTube later, but it was soon taken down.

In February 2014 the band embarked on a one-month tour with RED and Gemini Syndrome, but without the lead singer on the record, Toryn Green, and co-lead guitarist Bill Hudson, who were replaced by former Emphatic touring vocalist Grant Kendrick and another former band member Lance Dowdle on guitar. Shortly after beginning of the tour, Green announced his departure from the band, citing creative differences with founding member Justin McCain.

After completing the RED tour, McCain announced signing to Pavement Entertainment, revealing another album being in the works.

Critical reception

Another Life received generally favorable reviews from professional critics.

While Green's vocals on the record were lauded in almost every review, many critics wondered how the old fans would receive the new singer. The reviewer for New Transcendence noted that "Green's vocal style is incredibly different" from Wilson's heavier, southern style. Cody Endres for Shakefire predicts that "longtime fans of Emphatic may have a difficult time transitioning to Green", but admits that Green has "a talented voice well-suited for rock and roll". Mike Newdeck writes on his review for Alternative Addiction that "Green proves to be the main strength of the album, sounding remarkably like Patrick Wilson in places, yet adding his own distinctive personality". Andrew Hart writing for Rock Relapse describes Green as "a prototypical hard rock belter, the kind of vocalist who lends a nice twinge of gruffness to his superbly clean voice," which makes him a fine substitute for the band's last frontman.

Brian Campbell of Starpulse opines that "by the end of the tremendous opening track "Life After Anger", you should know just about all you need to know about Emphatic's Another Life. Chunky riffs, soaring vocals, and melodic hooks all coated in a glossy, radio ready sheen". However, in Campbell's opinion the album "is plagued by more than a few flat filler tracks, instances in which the band wanders too far into middle-of-the-road hard rock". Also Eric May of New Noise notes the "thundering chorus" and radio potential of "Life After Anger", and reminds his readers that "if you can't get enough of pop-laden hard rock with catchy hooks and memorable choruses, then you might want to get your hands on this album." Hart of Rock Relapse is less enthusiastic, stating that aside from the change at the head of the band, there's nothing alarmingly new about Emphatic's typical hard rock offerings: "If you’ve heard one Emphatic song, you’ve heard them all".

In his detailed review for Music Insider Magazine, Brian McKinny writes that his overall impressions are good, it never gets boring, and he enjoyed the drums and bass played on the release [by Tempesta and Bushnell], particularly on "Take Your Place" and "The Choice" which in his opinion has "all the hallmarks of a Top-40 Rock hit". On a more critical note, McKinny laments over missing or too short guitar leads, the variation of effects applied to the vocals, and calls the production work on the record too slick in places. Also Richard Rosenthal of Screamer Magazine is wondering why so very few guitar solos from a two-guitar lineup. He sees that "Another Life" is a vocal-driven album.

Track listing

Note: All writing credits checked from BMI database.

Personnel

All credits adapted from liner notes.

Record credits:
 Toryn Green - vocals
 Justin McCain - all rhythm guitars; lead guitars on "Life After Anger, "Louder Than Love", "I Don't Need You", "Take Your Place" and "Another Life"; backing vocals on "Remember Me"; keys
 Bill Hudson - guitar solo on "Remember Me" and "Forbidden You"
 John Tempesta - drums
 Paul Bushnell - bass guitar
 Mat Duazat - keys
 Jesse Saint - keys
 Justin McCain – production
 Ryan Greene - co-production, mixing
 U.E. Nastase – mastering
 Toryn Green - art direction
 Mario Sánchez Nevado - cover art
 Scotty Cheramie - graphics

Charts

References

External links
 Emphatic official website

2013 albums
Emphatic (band) albums
Albums produced by Ryan Greene


title: Syed Arif Hasan

text:
Lieutenant-General (ret.) Syed Arif Hasan (born 11 Nov 1950) is a Pakistani sports administrator and retired three-star rank general officer in the Pakistan Army. He is the current president of the Pakistan Olympic Association. He was also elected unopposed as the Vice President of the Olympic Council of Asia in 2007. He also served as chairman of organizing committee of 9th SAF Games Islamabad.

Military career
As a Major General he served as Vice Chief of General Staff. In Oct 2001 he was promoted to rank of Lieutenant-General and appointed commander X corps, Rawalpindi. Later in September 2003 he was appointed commander I Corps, Mangla.

2004 South Asian Games
While still serving in army Arif Hasan was appointed chairman of organizing committee of 9th SAF Games Islamabad. SAF Games were originally scheduled in Islamabad in October 2001 but were postponed over security fears after 9/11. They were then rescheduled for March 2002 but were again postponed due to border tensions between Pakistan and India. In March 2002 year Pakistan was forced to cancel the event due to the war in Iraq.

The Games were finally held in 2004.

Pakistan Olympic Association
Gen Arif Hassan was elected President of Pakistan Olympic Association in November 2004. He was reelected in 2008 and again in 2012.

Two term limit issue
Pakistan Sports Board which comes under government of Pakistan in its 2005 sports policy put a two term limit on office bearers of sports federations. The policy was reaffirmed by Supreme Court of Pakistan in 2011. Gen Arif Hassan refused to accept this decision taking a plea that it violates the Olympic Charter. In 2012 he was re elected to a third term. While government formed a parallel committee. International Olympic committee threatened to ban Pakistan. Finally in July 2014 Pakistan Sports board and Government recognized Arif Hasan as president of POA.

Olympic Council of Asia
Gen Arif Hasan was elected unopposed as the Vice President of the Olympic Council of Asia in 2007.

Archery Federation of Pakistan
In addition to president of Pakistan Olympic Association he is also president of Archery Federation of Pakistan.

References

Pakistani generals
Living people
1950 births
Pakistani sports executives and administrators
Military personnel from Lahore


title: Lee Township, Madison County, Iowa

text:
Lee Township is a township in Madison County, Iowa, in the United States.

History
Lee Township was originally called Badger Township, and under the latter name was established in 1857. It was renamed Lee in 1858, in honor of Harvey Lee, a pioneer settler.

References

Townships in Madison County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1857 establishments in Iowa


title: Heibao (album)

text:
Heibao () is the self-titled debut album by seminal Chinese rock band Black Panther, released August 1991 in Hong Kong on Kinn's Management Ltd. and December 1, 1992 in China and Taiwan on Magic Stone Records.

The album spawned two hits; the opening track "Shameful" became the group's best-known song, while the power ballad "Don't Break My Heart", topped the Hong Kong charts for three weeks upon its release. Black Panther were soon signed by Taiwanese record label Rock Records, which was then establishing a rock market in China via its mainland subsidiary, Magic Stone. The Magic Stone edition of the record was released in China and Taiwan in December 1992. The album sold 1.5 million copies, making it one of the bestselling Chinese rock albums of all time.

In 1992, lead vocalist Dou Wei left the band to pursue an influential solo career.

Track listing

Personnel
Personnel from the liner notes listed as follows:

Black Panther

 Dou Wei - lead vocals
 Li Tong - guitar, backing vocals
 Wang Wenjie - bass, backing vocals
 Zhao Mingyi - drums, backing vocals
 Luan Shu - keyboards, backing vocals

Production

 Li Zhenquan - production, recording, mixing, mastering, additional arrangements

References

1992 debut albums
Mandarin-language albums
Black Panther (band) albums


title: Peter Hooten

text:
John Peter Hooten (born November 29, 1950) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the title character in the television film Dr. Strange (1978).

Career
Hooten started acting in 1968 at the age of 17. He appeared as an uncredited extra in Midnight Cowboy. He attended Ithaca College in upstate New York. His first speaking role was a 1969 appearance on the TV drama Marcus Welby, M.D.. Later, he played the title character in the 1978 TV film Dr. Strange and appeared as a guest star in The Waltons, Mod Squad and Mannix.

TV and filmography

Personal life
Hooten and the poet James Merrill were romantic partners from 1983 until the death of the latter in 1995. After 16 years in New York City, and some time in Connecticut, Hooten moved to St. Augustine, Florida. As of 2009, Hooten has lived in Sarasota, Florida.

References

External links

1950 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Florida
People from Clermont, Florida
Ithaca College alumni


title: Tedo Zibzibadze

text:
Tevodore "Tedo" Zibzibadze (born 6 August 1980 in Kutaisi) is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a centre.

He played in France for Club Olympique Tuchan (2001/02), US Tours (2002/03) and Gourdon XV (2003/04-2005/06). He plays for CA Périgueux, since 2006/07.

He has 77 caps for Georgia, with 23 tries scored, 115 points on aggregate. He had his first game at 26 January 2000, in a 51-7 loss to Italy XV, in Livorno, in a tour. He was only 19 years old. He was called for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, playing in three games but without scoring. He wasn't called for the 2007 Rugby World Cup but would return for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, where he played four games, once again without scoring. He was a regular player at the Georgia side that reached the qualification for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, but wasn't called for the final squad.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Georgia (country)
Expatriate rugby union players from Georgia (country)
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in France
Rugby union centres
Georgia international rugby union players
CA Périgueux players
Sportspeople from Kutaisi
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2011 Rugby World Cup players


title: Arcangelo Sannicandro

text:
Arcangelo Sannicandro (born 9 July 1943) is an Italian politician from the Left Ecology Freedom. As of 2014 he serves as member of the Chamber of Deputies representing Apulia.

References

1943 births
Living people
People from Bari
20th-century Italian lawyers
Article One (political party) politicians
Left Ecology Freedom politicians
Communist Refoundation Party politicians
21st-century Italian politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)


title: Iron founder

text:
An iron founder (also iron-founder or ironfounder) in its more general sense is a worker in molten ferrous metal, generally working within an iron foundry. However, the term 'iron founder' is usually reserved for the owner or manager of an iron foundry, a person also known in Victorian England as a 'master'. Workers in a foundry are generically described as 'foundrymen'; however, the various craftsmen working in foundries, such as moulders and pattern makers, are often referred to by their specific trades.

Historically the appellation "founder" was given to the supervisor of a blast furnace, and persons who made castings in iron or other heavy metal. The term is also often applied to the company or works in which an iron foundry operates.

See also
 Foundry
 Casting (metalworking)
 Bellfounding
 Coremaking
 Foundry sand testing
 Smelting

References

Casting (manufacturing)
History of metallurgy
Metalworking occupations


title: Historia general de las Indias

text:
Historia general de las Indias (General History of the Indies) is the account by Spanish historian Francisco López de Gómara of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The first printing was in December 1552, in the workshop of Agustín Millán in Zaragoza, published under the title La istoria de las Indias (The History of the Indies)

The work was revised and published with different titles in subsequent years. The Spanish Crown forbade publication in 1556, but it was published in other languages up to 1605. For almost one hundred and fifty years it fell out of publication. Modern editions usually focus on the portion of the text relating to the conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Subsequent editions

In 1553 the work was republished by the same publisher, and under the same name as the original. Another edition of the work published in the same year was titled Hispania Victrix, primera y segunda parte de la Historia General de las Indias con todo el descubrimiento y cosas notables que han acaecido dende que se ganaron hasta el año de 1551. Con la conquista de México de la Nueva España (Hispania Victrix, First and Second Parts of the General History of the Indies, with the Discovery and Notable Events that have Occurred Since it was Won until the Year 1551. With the Conquest of Mexico of New Spain), published in Medina del Campo, in the house of Guillermo de Millis. In this printing, the work has an introductory letter dedicated to the emperador de romanos y rey de España Carlos I de España, señor de las Indias y del Nuevo Mundo (Emperor of the Romans and King of Spain Carlos V, Lord of the Indies and of the New World):

In 1554 the author added dates, for which reason the release was titled "La historia General de las Indias y Nuevo Mundo, con más de la conquista del Perú y de México" (The General History of the Indies and the New World, with More on the Conquest of Peru and Mexico), published in Zaragoza in the house of Pedro Bernuz.

In the second part, the author added a dedication to "muy ilustre señor don Martín Cortés, marqués del Valle" (Very illustrious Don Martín Cortés, marquess of the Valley) :

 ("To no one should I entitle, illustrious sir, the conquest of Mexico, but to your lordship, who is son of who conquered it, so that, as you inherited the majorat, you inherit as well the history. In that one makes up the wealth, the other makes up the fame; in the way that honor and providence walk together...")|Francisco López de Gómara

The book was a success and was translated into Italian, French, and English. It was published in Rome, Venice, Paris and London, with new editions outside of Spain published between 1556 until 1605.

In Spain, the publication of the book was banned by royal decree in 1556, which also ordered confiscation of copies already published.

The sources
Gómara never traveled to America, but he took note of news that reached Spain, aided by the limited maps of the conquered territories. His sources were manuscripts and writings of friar Toribio de Benavente "Motolinia", Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Pedro de Alvarado, Andrés de Tapia, and the interviews he had with Hernán Cortés.

Opinions of historians contemporary to Gómara

The Peruvian writer known as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega used the book as a source for his book, Comentarios Reales de los Incas. A copy of Historia general de las Indias annotated by Garcilaso de la Vega remains extant. Francisco Cervantes de Salazar copied much of Gomara's book to make his Crónica de la Nueva España.

On the other side, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, who had been a soldier in the expeditions and conquests, heavily criticized the book in his Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, in particular because Gómara had never set foot in the Americas, and for the book's praising of Hernán Cortés, without giving credit to others involved. Nevertheless, he referenced the timeline of the work while composing his own account.

Friar Bartolomé de las Casas detested the book for its glorification of Hernán Cortés. The Spanish Crown also disagreed with the excessive glorification of Cortés.

Banning
The publication of the book was banned by royal decree, a ban reaffirmed during the reign of Philip II of Spain and which was in effect for many years. There was never a formal explanation for the ban, but it could have been because of the excessive praise of Cortés, for the criticisms directed at the Catholic Monarchs, if not for the manner in which it referred to Francisco de los Cobos, secretary of Carlos V. The writer had the consolation that it was published in other languages.

"The Prince. Correidors, assistant, governors, mayors and other magistrates and justices of any kind in all the cities, villages and lands of these realms and seigneuries, and to everyone and anyone to whom this my decree is shown, or its copy signed by public notary. Know that Francisco López de Gómara, clergyman, has written a book titled Historia de las Indias y Conquista de México, which has been printed; and because it is not advisable that said book be sold, nor read, nor have more copies printed, that rather those that are printed be collected, and brought to the Consejo Real de las Indias de su Majestad....."

Later publications
 In 1568, the work was published in French, translated by Martin Fumée, as , which was republished numerous times in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. This translation greatly influenced sixteenth-century French thinkers, among whom Michel de Montaigne, who drew on Fumée's edition numerous times in writing his essay "Des coches" (1588, essay III, 6 of the Essais).

In 1749, Gómara's work was republished, included in the second of a three volume collection by Andrés González de Barcia, entitled Historiadores primitivos de las Indias Occidentales, Vol II (Primitive Historians of the Occidental Indies, Volume II) published in Madrid. This was the third edition in Spanish.

In 1826, it was published under the title Historia de las conquistas de Hernando Cortés (History of the Conquests of Hernando Cortés) by the publisher Ontiveros in Mexico.

In 1852 and 1854, part of the book was published in Historia de la Conquista del Perú (History of the Conquest of Peru)

In 1943, it was published with the title Historia de las Indias y Conquista de México (History of the Indies, and the Conquest of Mexico) by the publisher Pedro Robredo, in two volumes.

In 1954, it was reedited and titled Historia general de las Indias "Hispania victrix", cuya segunda parte corresponde a la Conquista de Méjico (General History of the Indies "Hispania Victrix", Whose Second Part Corresponds with the Conquest of Mexico) by the publisher Iberia.

In 1988, it was published as Historia de la conquista de México (History of the Conquest of Mexico), by the publisher Porrúa, in the collection Sepan Cuantos.

See also
 Francisco López de Gómara
 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
 Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
 Spanish conquest of Yucatán

References

 López de Gómara, Francisco (1552) | (2006) "Historia de la Conquista de México" Prólogo y estudio preliminar de Miralles Ostos, Juan; editorial Porrúa
 Vázquez Chamorro, Germán (2003) "La conquista de Tenochtitlan" colección "Crónicas de América", compilación de los cronistas J.Díaz, A.de Tapia, B.Vázquez, F. de Aguilar; Andrés Tapia y su obra-Influencia de la crónica de Andrés Tapia, pp 59–64 y 215–217. Dastil, S.L.

External links
 Inca Garcilaso's annotated copy of Historia general de las Indias
 The works of López de Gómara on Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
 1577 translation into French, by Martin Fumée

1552 books
History of New Spain
16th-century history books
History books about the 16th  century
Spanish-language literature about Mesoamerica
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1550s in New Spain
Works by Spanish writers
Censored books


title: Grand River Township, Madison County, Iowa

text:
Grand River Township is a township in Madison County, Iowa, in the United States.

History
Grand River Township was organized in 1858. Its namesake, the Grand River, its principal stream.

References

Townships in Madison County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1858 establishments in Iowa


title: Zuppa pavese

text:
Zuppa pavese ('Pavia soup') or zuppa alla Pavese ('Pavia-style soup') is an Italian soup consisting of broth into which slices of stale bread and poached eggs are placed. It is generally served with grated Parmigiano Reggiano. Usually in Lombardy either Grana Padano or Granone Lodigiano are used.

See also
 List of soups

Notes

Italian soups
Bread soups
Culture in Pavia


title: Dabit

text:
David Kim (Korean: Kim Jeong-wook; Hangul: 김정욱),
better known by his stage name Dabit (Hangul: 다빗), is a South Korean-American solo singer-songwriter under KoffeeDream Management (KDM). He debuted on his birthday, December 5, 2013. His fanclub name is called "Dalbit" (Hangul: 달빛) which means "moonlight".
He was born and raised in the state of Ohio.

Biography

Childhood
Dabit was born and raised in the state of Ohio, USA, the youngest of three brothers. He has been passionate about music since childhood and performed song covers from a young age. He started Berklee College of Music when he received a renewable scholarship. After two years of attending Berklee he decided to go to Korea to pursue his dream of becoming a singer-songwriter.

Pre-Debut
Dabit auditioned at different companies in Korea, where he was able to become a trainee at Choeun Entertainment. He trained at Choeun Entertainment for a year to debut with the boy group 24K. Not long after the debut of 24K, Dabit realized that idol music was not for him. He decided to leave the company and join KoffeeDream Management (KDM) to help him to start his journey as a solo singer-songwriter.

Career

Debut
Dabit released his first digital single "Whoo Whoo Whoo" on his birthday (December 5, 2013), making it a special moment for both him and his fans. Both songs in his first digital album, "Whoo Whoo Whoo" and "When the Wind Blows", are written and composed by Dabit himself. The song introduced Dabit's style of music, which can be best described as k-pop with a light jazz/swing influence.

Radio career
Starting 2014, every Thursday 1am KST Dabit appears on Arirang Radio's "Hot Beat" called "Question Mark" alongside BIGFLO's Lex, where they  answer listeners' guestions and help them solve all the question marks, that they have in their lives.
The show has received a great response globally despite time differences.

Acting career
Dabit is currently undertaking acting lessons to pursue a career in acting, in addition to his singing. He made his first cameo appearance on SBS's drama called "Endless Love" and hopes to work towards bigger roles in the future.

Music career
As of 2015, Dabit has released two singles, including his debut. He became the first Korean artist to perform in Tunisia in 2014, and has plans for a solo tour over the end of 2015 to 2016.

Discography

Korean discography

Filmography

Television drama

Radio show

Musical Theater

OST

Concerts and Events

External links
 Official Twitter
 Official Facebook
 Official KoffeeDream Ent. Youtube Channel
 Covers' Youtube Channel
 Management

References

 http://www.soompi.com/2014/01/01/exclusive-interview-with-dabit-korean-american-singer-and-soompier/

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Musicians from Ohio
Place of birth missing (living people)
American people of Korean descent
Berklee College of Music alumni


title: Pawnography

text:
Pawnography is an American game show broadcast by History. Hosted by comedian Christopher Titus and featuring Pawn Stars personalities Rick Harrison, Corey Harrison and Austin "Chumlee" Russell as panelists, the series featured two  contestants answering questions for a chance to win cash and items for sale from the Gold and Silver Pawn Shop (where Pawn Stars is recorded). The show premiered July 10, 2014, at 10 p.m. ET, following Pawn Stars and concluded on January 29, 2015.

Episodes

Season 1 (2014)

Season 2 (2014–15)

Gameplay
The game is played in three rounds. In the first round, two contestants compete against Corey and Chumlee, who work together. Titus asks a series of multiple-choice toss-up questions with four answer options; $100 is awarded for each correct answer, and there is no penalty for a miss. If a contestant is in the lead when time runs out, he/she earns the chance to win an item from the shop's collection, revealed at the start of the round. If Corey and Chumlee win the round instead, the item is removed from play and returned to the shop. Rick provides occasional comments on the questions and answers. Any ties for high score between a contestant and Corey/Chumlee are broken in the contestant's favor. If the contestants tie for high score, the item at stake is carried over into the second round.

Titus then asks a $150 bonus question, open only to the contestants and having to do with an item seen in a Pawn Stars episode. The contestants separately choose answers during the commercial break after the first round. For the second round, Rick takes the place of Corey and Chumlee, and their score is transferred to him. All questions in this round are worth $200, and a second item is at stake if a contestant is in the lead at the end. The higher-scoring contestant advances to the third round, while the low scorer is eliminated from the game with no winnings. If the round ends in a tie between the contestants, Titus asks them one last question; the first contestant to answer correctly wins an additional $200 and advances.

In the third round, the surviving contestant faces Rick, Corey, and Chumlee as a team, with a third item at stake. Each side has 60 seconds to answer the same 10 open-ended questions, and must wait in a soundproof isolation booth during the other side's turn. While Corey and Chumlee can suggest answers to Rick, only his responses are counted on behalf of the trio. There is no returning to passed or missed questions, and Titus does not inform either side during the round as to which answers are correct or incorrect. However, an on-screen tally displays the correct answers and scores for the viewer's benefit. He also does not immediately reveal the final scores, instead first giving Rick and the contestant a chance to negotiate an offer (of cash and/or some of the items at stake) for the contestant to walk away from the game. If the contestant turns down Rick's final offer and has out-scored or tied the trio, they win all cash and items accumulated during the first two rounds, as well as the third item; if the trio wins the round, though, the contestant leaves with nothing.

Production
The series was filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada along with Pawn Stars to allow the Harrisons to continue filming Pawn Stars without having to leave the city. The prizes on the show were chosen by the producers with assistance from the shop's CFO, Theo Spyer. According to Harrison, he did not know what items would be offered as prizes until they were revealed on the show; if the prizes were won, the producers would reimburse Harrison for the items, although it was at a large discount. Although the family patriarch, Richard "Old Man" Harrison, was offered a chance to participate, he declined the offer, saying, "I'm 73 years old. I already got a job. I don’t want another one." The series was green-lit on April 30, 2014, with History ordering ten episodes of the show. A second season of the show, which premiered on November 6, was announced on October 7, 2014.

Reception
Diane Werts of Newsday gave the series a "B", saying, "America can't get enough of those Pawn Stars guys... so here they are for another weekly hour, doing what they do."

Ratings
Pawnographys July 10 premiere received 2.82 million viewers as well as 995,000 adults 18–49, making it the highest rated premiere episode of any History original since the beginning of 2014. Among adults 25–54, the series was also among the ten highest rated new summer cable series in 2014.

References

External links

2010s American reality television series
2014 American television series debuts
2010s American game shows
English-language television shows
History (American TV channel) original programming
Pawn Stars
Television shows set in Las Vegas


title: The Great Divide (Allen/Lande album)

text:
The Great Divide is the fourth and final studio album by hard rock supergroup Allen-Lande, a collaboration between vocalists Russell Allen and Jørn Lande, released on October 17, 2014. It features Timo Tolkki as composer, producer and performer of most instruments, and Jami Huovinen on drums, replacing Magnus Karlsson and Jaime Salazar from previous albums. Lande wrote most of the lyrics, marking his first involvement as a songwriter in Allen-Lande.

Track listing

Personnel
Musicians
Russell Allen - lead and backing vocals
Jørn Lande - lead and backing vocals
Timo Tolkki - guitars, bass guitar, keyboards
Jami Huovinen - drums

Personnel
Timo Tolkki - production
Dennis Ward - mixing, mastering

References

2014 albums
Allen-Lande albums
Frontiers Records albums
Vocal duet albums


title: Ohio Township, Madison County, Iowa

text:
Ohio Township is a township in Madison County, Iowa, in the United States.

History
Ohio Township was organized in 1857. A majority of the early settlers being natives of Ohio caused the name to be selected.

References

Townships in Madison County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1857 establishments in Iowa


title: Moorhead, Montana

text:
Moorhead is an unincorporated community in southern Powder River County, Montana, United States.  It lies along Moorhead Road, approximately  south of the town of Broadus, the county seat of Powder River County.

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Moorhead has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

History

American Indian Wars
On September 13, 1865, Colonel Nelson D. Cole's and Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Walker's columns of the Powder River Expedition marched past the future site of Moorhead. On March 17, 1876, the Battle of Powder River, part of the Great Sioux War of 1876 was fought less than  to the north, and after the battle, the surviving United States Army soldiers retreated south across the future townsite.

The Town
Moorhead was established in 1892, in Custer County, and was originally named Franklin. In 1898, Bryon Kelsey changed the name of the town to Moorhead after Annis P. Moorhead, who homesteaded at the town. The first store in Moorhead was established in 1900 by Bryon Kelsey. In 1919, Moorhead became part of the newly created Powder River County, with the town of Broadus as the county seat. The town's post office moved several times. In the 1930s Moorhead's first car bridge over the Powder River was built, although in the spring of 1948 the two-lane bridge was washed out by a flood. By 1949 there was one post office, one store, one schoolhouse (that also served as a church and dance hall), one saloon, and one filling station. At this time, a dam was proposed to be built on the Powder River at Moorhead. But in the 1950s when the Moorhead dam project deteriorated the businesses began to close. In 1956, a footbridge was built across the Powder at Moorhead, and was used to carry mail three times a week. Then in 1972, a second car bridge was built beside the footbridge. Moorhead Rancher George Fulton moved the store and post office to the Fultons' property, one mile north of their original location on the Moorhead road, and placed them near the old Moorhead schoolhouse. His son Hugh now owns these three remaining buildings. In 2019, the current car bridge was deemed unsafe and closed to all traffic.

References

Unincorporated communities in Powder River County, Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana


title: Monroe Township, Madison County, Iowa

text:
Monroe Township is a township in Madison County, Iowa, in the United States.

History
Monroe Township was organized in 1860.

References

Townships in Madison County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1860 establishments in Iowa


title: Wildling

text:
Wildling may refer to:

 Wildling (band), an indie rock band from Los Angeles, previously known as Test Your Reflex
 Wildling (character), one of a group of characters in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series and the TV adaptation Game of Thrones
 Wildling (film), a 2018 film starring Bel Powley, Liv Tyler, and Brad Dourif


title: Swamp frog (disambiguation)

text:
The swamp frog is a genus of leptodactylid frogs from South America.

Swamp frog may also refer to:

 African swamp frog, a frog found in Africa
 Australian swamp frog, a frog native to Australia, New Guinea, and some Torres Strait Islands
 Greater swamp frog, a frog found in Borneo
 Green and golden swamp frog, a frog native to eastern Australia
 Large swamp frog, a frog endemic to the Philippines
 Lesser swamp frog, a frog found in Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore
 New England swamp frog, a frog endemic to southeastern Australia
 Peat swamp frog, a frog found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand
 Sacred swamp wrinkled frog, a frog endemic to the Western Ghats, India
 Warty swamp frog, a frog native to Australia

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: South Township, Madison County, Iowa

text:
South Township is a township in Madison County, Iowa, in the United States.

History
South Township was established in 1849.

References

Townships in Madison County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1849 establishments in Iowa


title: Narmada Chandra Roy

text:
Narmada Chandra Roy is a Revolutionary Socialist Party politician and a seven-time MLA from Kushmandi in Dakshin Dinajpur district.

Born on 5 March 1956 to Jatindranath Roy, he is a graduate.

Narmada Chandra Roy was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Kushmandi in 1987, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011., 2016.

References

Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) politicians
Living people
West Bengal MLAs 1987–1991
West Bengal MLAs 1991–1996
West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001
West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006
West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011
West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016
West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021
People from Dakshin Dinajpur district
1957 births


title: Gabriel Spessatto

text:
Gabriel Orlandini Spessatto (born 16 July 1991), or simply Gabriel Spessatto, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Aversa Normanna.

Career
Born in Encantado, Gabriel Spessatto began playing football in Grêmio's youth system at age 10, and he led the youth side in scoring as a right back with 17 goals during 2010. After he signed a professional contract with Grêmio, he was sent on loan to Cerâmica during 2012 and Juventude during 2013 season. In 2014, he returned to Grêmio to compete in the Campeonato Gaúcho, where he appeared in two matches.

In late August 2014, Spessatto was transferred from Grêmio to Lega Pro side Aversa Normanna for the 2014–15 season. He made his debut for the new club on 7 September, in a 2-2 away draw against Casertana for the 2nd fixture of the Lega Pro.

Honours

Club
Grêmio
Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20: 2009
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2010

References

External links

Gabriel Spessatto profile. Portal Oficial do Grêmio.

1991 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
ASD Real Agro Aversa players
Men's association football fullbacks
People from Encantado, Rio Grande do Sul
Footballers from Rio Grande do Sul


title: Sher Muhammad Qusab

text:
Sher Muhammad Qusab (died 20 September 2009), also called "the Official Butcher of Swat", was a leader of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan during the War in North-West Pakistan. He had a bounty of 10 million rupees ($120,000) on his head, and was known for killing civilians and policemen on video. He was captured during the Second Battle of Swat but died of his wounds.

According to leading columnist Nadeem F. Paracha, he may or may not be related to the Mumbai bomber Ajmal Qusab. He claimed that "...there have been three (in) famous Kasabs in Pakistan - and all of them religious crackpots!" and believed that it was a meaningful concurrent that they shared the same last name (although it has yet to be dismissed as a coincidence).

References

2009 deaths
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan members
People from Swat District
Year of birth missing
Pakistani Islamists


St. Anthony's Senior Secondary school, New Delhi, India or  SAS is an unaided Christian institution owned by the Institute of the Franciscan Clarist Missionaries of the Most Blessed Sacrament, a body registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI 1860.

History
The school began on 5 January 1970 with merely 50 students on roll, and it has progressed extensively within a short span. It was affiliated to the C.B.S.E in 1974, Ever since, it has been securing positions and merits in the Board Examinations. At present the school has 2000(approx) students on roll.
It was founded by Rev. Mother Benigna Gastaldon, an Italian nun who worked in India from 1928 to 1994. It was opened as a branch of St. Anthony's Sr. Secondary School, Paharganj, of which she was the foundress. She was awarded ‘the Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of the Italian Solidarity’ by the Italian Government in 1974, for her service in India and ‘the Florentine Lily’ by the Florence Province of Italy for her outstanding humanitarian work and for her ideals of love and service for the emancipation of the girl child.

Student Council
The Student Council is an elected body which consists of a Pupil Leader, Assistant Pupil Leader, 6 House Captains, 6 Vice House Captains, 21 Senior Prefects and 15 Junior Prefects and 21 senior Discipline incharges and 15 junior Discipline incharges ( from each class) .The elections are held in the month of April. The Council for the Junior School is also elected on the same lines.

See also
Education in India
List of schools in India
List of schools in Delhi affiliated with CBSE
List of Christian schools in India

References

External links
 Central Board of Secondary Education

Catholic secondary schools in India
Franciscan high schools
High schools and secondary schools in Delhi
Christian schools in Delhi
1970 establishments in Delhi
Educational institutions established in 1970


title: Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Canada

text:
Select a region on the graphical atlas to view a list of the fossiliferous stratigraphic units in that area of Canada.

Graphical atlas

See also

Geology of Canada
Canada
Canada geology-related lists


title: Geun

text:
Geun, also spelled Gun, Keun, or Kun, is a rare Korean family name, a single-syllable Korean given name, and an element in some two-syllable names.

Family name
As a family name, Geun is written with one hanja, meaning "axe" (; 도끼 근), also the name of the unit of weight sometimes called "catty" in English. It has one bon-gwan: Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, in what is today South Korea. The  fffhf
2000 South Korean census estimated that there were 242 people with this family name.

Given name

Hanja
As a given name or name element, the meaning of "geun" differs based on the hanja used to write it. There are 18 hanja with this reading on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names; they are:

  (가까울 근): nearby
  (부지런할 근): diligent
  (뿌리 근): roots
  (도끼 근): axe
  (겨우 근): only
  (매흙질할 근): to plaster with loam
  (맑을 근): clean, pure
  (무궁화 근): Hibiscus syriacus flower
  (아름다운 옥 근): beautiful jade
  (여자의 자 근):
  (힘줄 근): tendon
  (힘 근): strength
  (은근할 근): subtle
  (미나리 근): water parsley
  (제비꽃 근): pansy
  (뵐 근): see
  (주릴 근): starve
  (삼갈 근): abstinence, prudence

People
People with the single-syllable given name Geun include:
Kwon Geun (1352–1409), early Joseon Dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar
Ri Gun, North Korean diplomat

As name element
Korean given names containing the element "geun" include:
Dong-geun
Jae-geun
Soo-geun
Young-geun
Sang-geun

See also
List of Korean family names
List of Korean given names

References

Korean-language surnames
Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Givi Berishvili

text:
Givi Berishvili (born 10 August 1987 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a lock.

He currently plays for RC Eemland in the Dutch Ereklasse.

He has 18 caps for Georgia, since his first game at 29 June 2011, in a 23–18 win over Namibia, in Bucharest, for the IRB Nations Cup. He still has to score his first points. He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in two games as a substitute but without scoring. He is still at the Georgia squad.

References

External links
Givi Berishvili International Statistics

1987 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Georgia (country)
Rugby union locks
Georgia international rugby union players
Rugby union players from Tbilisi
2011 Rugby World Cup players


title: Shatheh

text:
Shatheh ()  is a Syrian village located in Suran Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shatheh had a population of 103 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Taybat al-Ism

text:
Taybat al-Ism () is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Taybat al-Ism had a population of 463 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: The Cord and the Ax

text:
"The Cord and the Ax" is the third episode of the second season of the American science fiction series Defiance, and the series' fifteenth episode overall. It was aired on July 3, 2014. The episode was written by Allison Miller and directed by Michael Nankin.

Plot
Stahma (Jaime Murray) and Alak (Jesse Rath) are invited to Rafe's (Graham Greene) house for a family dinner where Christie (Nicole Muñoz) wants to announce that she is pregnant but the surprise is ruined because Stahma can smell it. Everyone is really happy with the news and Rafe, after the rumors around the town of Alak killing Skevur, talks to Alak to warn him to stay away from Datak's (Tony Curran) business, especially now that he is going to be a father.

Irisa (Stephanie Leonidas) tries to get away from Irzu's (Katie Douglas) influence and break the deal she made with her because she does not want to kill anymore, but she fails. She follows Bertie (Jessica Nichols) and kills her and the next day, Rafe and Christie go to Nolan (Grant Bowler) to inform him about Bertie's disappearance. Nolan sends Irisa to Berlin (Anna Hopkins) to check the security footage from the marketplace but he knows that something is wrong with Irisa and searches her things. Nolan finds Liberata blood on Irisa's gloves while Irzu destroys the footage before Berlin can see that Bertie was attacked by Irisa.

Irisa runs away to find Sukar (Noah Danby) and ask for his help. While the two of them talk, Irzu appears again to take over Irisa and she kills Sukar as well. A desperate Irisa takes Sukar's rifle and tries to kill herself but Irzu stops her and heals the wound while telling Iriza that she does not really kill those people but sends them under her protection. Irisa wakes up after a while fully healed and found by Bertie who is alive and well. The two of them are headed back to Defiance and on their way back, they run into Nolan and Rafe. Nolan tries to make Irisa tell him the truth but both Irisa and Bertie deny that anything is wrong. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Sukar and the woman Irisa "killed" at the Angel Arc are also alive.

Meanwhile, at the Need/Want a man treats badly to a woman and Amanda (Julie Benz), suffering from withdraw symptoms from the Blue Devil, attacks him to protect the woman instead of talking to him. Nolan gets there in time to stop the fight and later, Amanda goes to Niles (James Murray) to ask for some of the Blue Devil he has in his office.

Alak visits Datak at the E-Rep Camp to inform him about Christie's pregnancy and ask his permission to step out of the family business and concentrate on music. Datak denies him that when he realizes that his fears that Stahma keeps him in prison so she can have power and money are true, he gets furious. Alak leaves telling him that he is the one responsible for what is happening to him and not Stahma because he could not control himself. Alak returns home where Stahma waits for him and gives him Datak's blade, the only thing Datak could brought from their hometown, so Alak can protect his family now; Christie and their unborn child. Stahma also tells him that they should never let Datak come back home.

Back in prison, Datak tells Doc Yewll (Trenna Keating) about Stahma and that he has to get back home. Niles visits Ywell to ask her about the diary he found on her office. He offers her release from prison and her severed finger in exchange for her service on the secret project. Ywell agrees to start working on her project that is on the diary but refuses to do anything more that has to do with Irisa and also puts as term Datak's release to be her assistant. Niles accepts and Ywell and Datak are headed back to Defiance.

Datak comes home to find Stahma and Alak in the family bath. He joins them while they look surprised and terrified but try to hide it. Datak attacks Stahma and tries to drown her but Alak fights him back trying to protect his mother. Finally, Datak stops and releases Stahma.

Feature music
The following songs are on "The Cord and the Ax":
 "Eaten Alive" by Young Beautiful in a Hurry
 "Roads" by Portishead

Reception

Ratings
In its original American broadcast, "The Cord and the Ax" was watched by 1.49 million; slightly up by 0.06 from the previous episode.

Reviews
"The Cord and the Ax" received positive reviews.

Rowan Kaiser of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+ rating saying that Defiance has improved this season saying about the last scene on the Tarr bath: "This is a scene that would likely be a critical one for the series no matter how it was presented, so it had viewers’ attention. To make it silent, playing out without any dialogue, is a damn bold move. But it's a wise one. [...] The social power of the Castithan family bathing rituals [...] adds a dramatic weight similar to Rafe's use of a family dinner to threaten Alak's life. The aesthetics of the Castithan house, with its pure white and its cleanliness shaking the dirt off of Datak, add even more weight."

Jesse Schedeen from IGN rated the episode with 8.5/10. "As much as I feel like this show is wasting good storytelling potential in terms of the tension between Defiance and the E-Rep, there's plenty of smaller character drama to keep this show moving. The Tarr family was as fascinating as ever in this episode. And as Irisa and Amanda struggle with their personal demons, the show is making better use of its full cast as it did in Season 1".

Billy Grifter of Den of Geek gave a good review to the episode saying that the second season has some interesting new story threads and character developments to follow. "Having laid out the new status quo and character motivations in the first two episodes, in The Cord And The Ax the writers set out on a destructive path to destabilise just about every cosy structure they’d previously created. In doing this, they delivered both the very best of what Defiance does, and some of the worst, for good measure."

References

External links

2014 American television episodes
Defiance (season 2) episodes


title: Umm Haratayn, Hama

text:
Umm Haratayn () is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Umm Haratayn had a population of 528 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Schubert opus/Deutsch number concordance

text:
Franz Schubert (31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) was an Austrian composer.

This is a concordance of those compositions by Schubert that were given opus numbers, and their corresponding Deutsch catalogue numbers.

Background
Only a small minority of Schubert's works were published in his lifetime. Not all published works were allocated opus numbers, and the sequence of opus numbers that were allocated bore little relationship to the order in which the works were either composed or published. For example, the first of his works to be published, the song "Die Forelle", was given the opus number 32.

After Schubert's death in 1828, a number of his works were published with posthumous opus numbers. This practice was discontinued after the publication of Op. 173, in 1867.

Otto Erich Deutsch (1883–1967) was an Austrian musicologist. He is known for compiling the first comprehensive catalogue of Schubert's works: Schubert: Thematic Catalogue of all his Works in Chronological Order. This was first published in English in 1951, and subsequently revised for a new edition in German, in 1978.

Concordance
The table includes the following information:
 Opus Number – the opus number of the original publication of the work, when applicable; "(p)" or "posth." indicates a posthumous publication
 D – the catalogue number assigned by Otto Erich Deutsch
 Date of composition – the known or assumed date of composition, when available
 Date of publication – the first date of publication of the work
 Title – The title of the work in an English translation from German
 Incipit – the first line(s) of text, as pertaining to vocal works
 Scoring – the instrumentation and/or vocal forces required for the work
 Informal title – any additional names by which the work is known, when applicable
 Version – the number of versions as it pertains to works that have more than one version of the same setting
 Setting – the order of setting as it pertains to vocal works that have numerous settings of the same text
 Former Deutsch Number – information on Deutsch numbers that have been reassigned, when applicable
 Notes – any additional information concerning the work: alternate titles, completeness, relation to other works, authorship, etc.

References
Badura-Skoda, Eva and Peter Branscombe. Schubert Studies: Problems of Style and Chronology. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Deutsch, Otto Erich; et al. Franz Schubert, thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge. Bärenreiter, 1978.
Newbould, Brian. Schubert: The Music and the Man. University of California Press, 1999.
Talia Pecker Berio (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 1a "Messen Ia". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1990.
Rossana Dalmonte and Pier Paolo Scattolin (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 2 "Messen II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1982.
Doris Finke-Hecklinger (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 3a "Messen III". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1980.
Doris Finke-Hecklinger (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 3b "Messen III". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1980.
 and Volkmar von Pechstaedt (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 5 "Messen-Sätze und Messen-Fragmente". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1998.
Manuela Jahrmärker (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 7 "Stabat mater (Jesus Christus schwebt am Kreuze)". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1996.
 (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series I. Volume 6 "Deutsche Messe/Deutsche Trauermesse". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2001.
 (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series II. Volume 12 "Adrast". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2008.
Manuela Jahrmärker and Thomas Aigner (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series II. Volume 15 "Sacontala". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2008.
Manuela Jahrmärker (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series II. Volume 17 "Der Graf von Gleichen". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2006.
Dietrich Berke (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series III. Volume 2a "Mehrstimmige Gesänge für gemischte Stimmen". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1996.
Dietrich Berke (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series III. Volume 2b "Mehrstimmige Gesänge für gemischte Stimmen". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2006.
Dietrich Berke (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series III. Volume 4 "Mehrstimmige Gesänge für gleiche Stimmen ohne Klavierbegleitung". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1974.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 1a "Lieder 1". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1970.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 1b "Lieder 1". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1970.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 2a "Lieder 2". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1975.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 2b "Lieder 2". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1975.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 3a "Lieder 3". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1982.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 3b "Lieder 3". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1982.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 4a "Lieder 4". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1979.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 4b "Lieder 4". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1979.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 5a "Lieder 5". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1985.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 5b "Lieder 5". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1985.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 6 "Lieder 6". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1969.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 7 "Lieder 7". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1968.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 8 "Lieder 8". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2009.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 9 "Lieder 9". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2011.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 10 "Lieder 10". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2002.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 11 "Lieder 11". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1999.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 12 "Lieder 12". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1996.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 13 "Lieder 13". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1992.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 14a "Lieder 14". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1988.
Walther Dürr (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series IV. Volume 14b "Lieder 14". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1988.
Michael Kube (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series V. Volume VI "Sinfonische Entwürfe und Fragmente". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2012.
Michael Kube (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series V. Volume VII "Konzertstücke". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2008.
Arnold Feil (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 1 "Oktette und Nonette". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1969.
Martin Chusid (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 2 "Streichquintette". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1971.
Martin Chusid (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 3 "Streichquartette I". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1979.
Werner Aderhold (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 4 "Streichquartette II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1994.
Werner Aderhold (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 5 "Streichquartette III". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1989.
Werner Aderhold (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 6 "Streichtrios". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1981.
Arnold Feil (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 7 "Werke für Klavier und mehrere Instrumente". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1975.
Helmut Wirth (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 8 "Werke für Klavier und ein Instrument". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1970.
Doris Finke-Hecklinger and Werner Aderhold (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VI. Volume 9 "Tänze für mehrere Instrumente". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1991.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 1. Volume 1 "Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen I". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2007.
Christa Landon (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 1. Volume 2 "Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1978.
Walburga Litschauer and Werner Aderhold (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 1. Volume 3 "Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen III". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2011.
Christa Landon (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 1. Volume 4 "Märsche und Tänze". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1972.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 1. Volume 5 "Ouvertüren". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1984.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 1 "Klaviersonaten I". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2000.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 2 "Klaviersonaten II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 2003.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 3 "Klaviersonaten III". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1996.
David Goldberger (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 4 "Klavierstücke I". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1988.
Christa Landon and Walther Dürr (eds). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 5 "Klavierstücke II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1984.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 6 "Tänze I". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1989.
Walburga Litschauer (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VII Part 2. Volume 7a "Tänze II". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1990.
Alfred Mann (ed). Franz Schubert: Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Wërke. Series VIII. Volume 2 "Schuberts Studien". Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1986.

External links
Bärenreiter-Verlag: New Schubert Edition
Franz Schubert Catalogue 310 – Opéras (Détails)
Franz Schubert (1797–1828) – The Complete Songs
Franz Schubert (1797–1828) – New Edition of the Complete Works
Schwind, Moritz. "Johann Michael Vogl and Franz Schubert marching"

l'Orchestra Virtuale del Flaminio: Franz Schubert – Catalogo delle composizioni versione completa
Neue Schubert-Ausgabe
Schubert autographs
Franz Schubert (1797–1828): Werke sortiert nach Opuszahl, klassika.info

Concordance


title: Bioparque Los Ocarros

text:
Bioparque Los Ocarros or Los Ocarros is a zoo park located in the city of Villavicencio in the country of Colombia. The biopark houses animals of the region and works closely with the environmental authorities to preserve the local fauna.

Los Ocarros  are divided into 7 different sections with 38 habitats that are home to about 181 species of animals. The biological park also has an artificial lake that is home to a variety of turtles, fish and birds.

Gallery

References

Zoos in Colombia
Tourist attractions in Colombia
Buildings and structures in Meta Department
Zoos established in 2003
2003 establishments in Colombia


title: Zor Abu Zayd

text:
Zor Abu Zayd () is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zor Abu Zayd had a population of 838 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Akrad Ibrahim

text:
Akrad Ibrahim () is a Syrian village located in the Hirbnafsah Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Akrad Ibrahim had a population of 698 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

References

Populated places in Hama District