title: Onnik Dinkjian

text:
Onnik Dinkjian (; born 1929) is a French-born American-Armenian musician and singer. He is the father of Ara Dinkjian and has appeared with his son as well as other Armenian musicians such as Roupen Altiparmakian playing oud.

Biography
He was born Jean-Joseph Miliyan in Paris, France, in 1929, the son of Garabed and Zorah from Dikranagerd (Diyarbakir), who both escaped persecution during the genocide. He and his sister, two years his senior, were orphaned five years after his birth. Garabed died when Jean-Joseph was not yet one year old.
Onnik first began taking an interest in music when he went to St. Gregory’s Armenian Church in Paris for the first time at the age of 10. They were adopted by his godparents, Nishan and Oghida Dinkjian, who were also from Dikranagerd, and continued to live in Paris. Growing up he learned not only fluent French and Armenian, but also the melodious dialect of Armenians from Dikranagerd.
Nishan Dinkjian went to Paris from Aleppo and worked various menial jobs before he fell into the wholesale banana business. When fruit became scarce after the war started in 1939, he went into clothing sales to support his family.

Onnik first began taking an interest in music when he went to St. Gregory’s Armenian Church in Paris for the first time at the age of 10. Every Sunday he would need to take two metro rides to get there. The sacred hymns of the liturgy sung by the choir and soloists aroused something within him that would change his life forever. “I absolutely fell in love with the music,” he said. “This is what brought me into the Armenian Church, not necessarily as a religious person but as a lover of the Armenian music.”

At the age of 17, in July 1946, Onnik and his family moved to the United States, Nishan Dinkjian’s two sisters had settled. They had been separated during the genocide but desired to live in close proximity with one another. Onnik entered the U.S. with his given name, but would later change it legally to Onnik Dinkjian in honor of his adoptive parents.
In 1952, Onnik was drafted into the U.S. Army. In Germany he was assigned to the Winged Victory Chorus, a well-known group led by Joe Baris that performed a wide range of choral works, from composers as diverse as Puccini and Debussy to Rodgers and Hammerstein and Irving Berlin. “For a year and a half in Germany all I did was travel from one city to another with some famous American stars, like Eddie Fischer and Danny Kaye, all because of the music, my singing.”
When he returned from the army, Onnik opened his own dry cleaning store and married Araksi Maksian (Mghsian) from Lyon, France, whose roots were in Kharpert. They had two children, Anahid and Ara.

He is a recipient of a 2020 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.

Discography
Voice of Armenians Onnik Dinkjian - with the song "Mayrus" (text by A. Issahakian and music by Badalian)
The Many Sides Of Onnik 1992 a rare recording of songs in Tigranakert dialect
Inner Feelings of Onnik, album featuring Ne me quitte pas recorded by Onnik Dinkjian with John Berberian (oud)
All My Best

References

1929 births
Living people
American people of Armenian descent
French people of Armenian descent
National Heritage Fellowship winners


title: 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene

text:
1-Hydroxyphenanthrene is a phenanthrol and a human metabolite of phenanthrene that can be detected in urine of persons exposed to PAHs.

It can also be used as a marker for PAH pollution measured in marine fish bile.

The model fungus Cunninghamella elegans produces, in the case of the biodegradation of phenanthrene, a glucoside conjugate of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (phenanthrene 1-O-beta-glucose).

Relationship with smoking
Highly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene.

References

External links

Phenanthrenoids
Phenolic human metabolites


title: My Prairie Home (album)

text:
My Prairie Home is an album by Canadian singer-songwriter Rae Spoon, released in 2013. Written and recorded as a soundtrack to the documentary film My Prairie Home, the album was a longlisted nominee for the 2014 Polaris Music Prize.

The album draws extensively on Spoon's Christian religious upbringing. In the lead track "Amy Grant", Spoon wishes to have known of Freddie Mercury in childhood rather than Amy Grant, while album closer "Can't Tear It From Me" is a reminiscence of Spoon's grandmother.

For the album, Spoon pulled back from the overt electronic music elements that have defined their musical style since 2008's superioryouareinferior, instead reverting to styles more reminiscent of their childhood influences, such as country, folk, gospel and rock, although the album still makes some use of sampling and electronic processing.

The album was recorded at co-producer Lorrie Matheson's studio in Calgary, Alberta.

Track listing
 "Amy Grant" (2:22)
 "Sunday Dress" (2:59)
 "Glacier Step" (1:21)
 "This Used to Be the Bottom of an Ocean" (3:05)
 "Moving Bus" (1:54)
 "I Will Be a Wall" (3:01)
 "Airplane Home" (1:07)
 "Cowboy" (2:47)
 "Grass, Sky, Wind" (0:40)
 "Love Is a Hunter" (3:11)
 "How Do You Run" (3:39)
 "Truck Chase" (0:51)
 "Snake in the Water" (2:26)
 "Church" (1:28)
 "I Want" (2:58)
 "Tyrrell" (1:14)
 "God Was on Your Shoulders" (2:48)
 "Birds Take Off" (1:08)
 "Can't Tear It From Me" (2:51)

References

2013 albums
Rae Spoon albums


title: Ignatius Mouradgea d'Ohsson

text:
Ignatius Mouradgea d'Ohsson (31 July 1740 – 27 August 1807) was an Armenian orientalist, historian and diplomat in Swedish service. In 1768 he was supreme interpreter, in its subsequent elevation to the Swedish nobility, he participated in the French-sounding names d'Ohsson. Abraham Constantin Mouradgea d’Ohsson, author of a famous History of the Mongols, was his son. He lived many years in France.

Biography
He was born at Pera, the European part of Istanbul, in 1740 as Ignatius Muradjan Tosunian the son of a Catholic family. His father was an interpreter at the Swedish Embassy and followed his father by entering into the service of the Swedish embassy at the Ottoman Porte, and by his talents attained the highest diplomatic honours. He was made charge of affairs, knight of the order of Vasa and in 1782 minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary. His knowledge of the Arabic language and Turkish languages gave him the means of acquiring information respecting the Ottoman Empire from the best sources. He resolved upon writing a history of Ottoman Sultan Selim II, but this was suspended by his plan of giving a full picture of the Ottoman Empire. To this work he devoted himself with the greatest zeal and perseverance, and with great difficulty succeeded in collecting the first authentic information from a prejudiced, servile, and jealous people, respecting and national customs and habitats, the interior of the seraglio, the mosques and the private life of a Turk.

With the materials which he had obtained, he proceeded to Paris in 1784, where he prepared his work for the press, and published it in 1788 and 1789, in two volumes, under the title of Tableau Général de l’Empire Othoman. This work completely answered the expectations which had been formed respecting it. The beauty of the typography and engravings occasioned an expense which exceeded the proceeds of the sale; but d'Ohsson who possessed a large fortune, was willing to make sacrifices for the embellishment and perfection of his work. The revolution interrupted his literary activity, and he returned to Constantinople. Sultan Selim III, who honoured knowledge, allowed the two volumes which were published to be presented to him, and, far from being displeased at the disclosure of some secrets, gave orders to facilitate the learned writer's researches by affording him the necessary information.

After a long sojourn in Constantinople, d'Ohsson returned to Paris, where he found hardly any traces of his large property. Even the buildings where he had deposited the copies of his work, and the plates, drawings &c., had been destroyed and plundered. Without allowing himself to be depressed by these misfortunes, he devised a still greater plan, which had in view a historical picture of the whole East, and became entirely absorbed in his desire to execute it. In 1804 he had completely two volumes of his Tableau Historique de l’Orient, when the war with Sweden made him apprehensive of another interruption. He asked and received permission from his government to retire to the country. Here he continued to occupy himself on his undertaking during three years, and gave the fruit of fifty-four years' labour to the world, in a work which contains, in three separate divisions, a complete view of the Ottoman Empire. These three divisions have the separate titles, Tableau Historique de l’Orient, a history of all nations under the Ottoman government: Tableau Général de l’Empire Othoman, a view of the laws, religion and customs, &c.; lastly, L'Histoire de la Maison Ottomane, from Osman I till 1758. The whole was nearly completed when it was interrupted by d'Ohsson's death on 27 August 1807.

Works
 Tableau Historique de l’Orient. 2 volumes.
 Tableau Général de l’Empire Othoman. 7 volumes. Firmin Didot, Paris 1788-1824.
 German: Allgemeine Schilderung des Othomanischen Reichs. Abridged and translated by Christian Daniel Beck. 2 vols. Weidmann, Leipzig 1788/1793 (; ).
 L'Histoire de la Maison Ottomane. From Osman I till 1758.

Literature
 Carter Vaughn Findley. Enlightening Europe on Islam and the Ottomans:  Mouradgea d’Ohsson and His Masterpiece, Brill, Leiden, 2019, xv + 398 pages
 Elisabeth A. Fraser: „Dressing Turks in the French Manner“. Mouradgea d’Ohsson’s Panorama of the Ottoman Empire. In: Ars Orientalis. Bd. 39 (2009), S. 198–230.
 Elisabeth A. Fraser, Mediterranean Encounters: Artists Between Europe and the Ottoman Empire, 1774-1839, Penn State University Press, 2017.

References
 The British Cyclopaedia of the Arts, Sciences, History, Geography, Literature, Natural History, and Biography ...

External links
 UGAB Magazine numéro 5 – 2e trimestre 2000
 The Armenian Community In Sweden
 Findley: Mouradgea d’Ohsson and His Tableau général de l’empire othoman (engl.) (PDF-Datei; 146 kB)
 Literatur von und über Vater und Sohn D' Ohsson im Katalog der SUB Göttingen
 Ignatius Mouradgea d’Ohsson

1740 births
1807 deaths
Diplomats of the Ottoman Empire
Swedish orientalists
Swedish diplomats
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Swedish people of Armenian descent
Writers from Istanbul
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire
Immigrants to Sweden
Diplomats from Istanbul


title: Searsia (plant)

text:
Searsia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae.

Taxonomy

Species
, Plants of the World Online has 111 accepted species:

References

Flora of Southern Africa
Trees of Africa
Anacardiaceae genera


The International Association of Multilingualism (IAM) is an academic, scientific professional association whose members undertake research in all areas of linguistics dealing with all facets of multilingualism. Research has focused on tri- and quadruple language acquisition by children, as well as on societal instances of multilingualism or on cases of individual multilingual repertoires, for example. IAM members work in various linguistic fields, including psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, educational linguistics, language acquisition and applied linguistics.

History

The IAM was founded in 2003 by Jasone Cenoz, Britta Hufeisen, and Ulrike Jessner during the conference at the Institute of Technology in Tralee, Ireland.

Presidents
2005-2009 Britta Hufeisen
2009–2014 Ulrike Jessner
2014-2016 Jasone Cenoz

Current board members are from universities in Germany, Israel, Ireland, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, UK and the US.

Activities
The members organize biannual conferences:
1999 1st conference at the University of Innsbruck, Austria
2001 2nd conference at the Institute of Technology in Tralee, Ireland
2003 3rd conference at the Stenden Hogeschool Leeuwarden, Netherland
2005 4th conference at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland
2007 5th conference at the University of Stirling, UK
2009 6th conference at the Free University of Bolzano, Italy
2011 7th conference at Warsaw University, Poland
2012 8th conference in UniversityJaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
2014 9th conference in Uppsala, Sweden.

Although the dominant language of conference is English, all languages are welcome and papers are often held in other languages besides English, such as French, German or Spanish.

In 2010 a biannual Round Table Discussion on specific topics was founded by founding member Jean-Marc Dewaele at Birkbeck College in the United Kingdom, which was followed by a Round Table Discussion in 2012 in the United States at the MIT, organized by Suzanne Flynn, and 2013 at the University of Silesia in Poland, organized by Danuta Gabrys-Barker.
The IAM held a Research Network meeting at the AILA conferences in Essen, Germany in 2008 and is a member of the Professional Network Forum with the European Center for Modern Languages in Graz.
Since 2004 the IAM has had a publication venue, the International Journal of Multilingualism, originally edited by Jasone Cenoz, Spain, and Ulrike Jessner, Austria. The current editors are Danuta Gabrys-Barker, Poland, and Eva Vetter, Austria. After several years of two issues annually, it is now published four times annually. The language of publication is English.
A newsletter is also distributed to association members approximately twice annually.
A book series on multilingualism and multiple language learning and acquisition is linked to the IAM via the editorial board, which is identical to the board of the IAM. This series is edited by Britta Hufeisen and Beate Lindemann. All languages of publication are welcome.

References

Secondary sources
Cali, Chantal/Vetter, Eva (2008), Le profil plurilingue des apprenants et ses effets sur la  production d’un écrit fonctionnel complexe en français langue étrangère. In: Gibson, Martha / Hufeisen, Britta / Personne, Cornelia (eds.) :  Mehrsprachigkeit : lernen und lehren Multilingualism : Learning and Insgtruction Le Plurilinguisme : apprendre et enseigner O Plurilinguismo : aprender e ensinar. Selected papers from the L3 conference in Freiburg/Switzerland 2005, 121-134.
Cenoz, J., & Jessner, U. (Eds.). (2000). English in Europe: The acquisition of a  third language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B., & Jessner, U. (Eds.). (2001). Crosslinguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B., & Jessner, U. (Eds.). (2001). Looking Beyond Second Language Acquisition: Studies in Third language Acquisition and Trilingualism. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.
Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B., & Jessner, U. (Eds.). (2003). The Multilingual Lexicon. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
De Angelis, Gessica (2007) Third or Additional Language Acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Dewaele, Jean-Marc (2013). Emotions in multiple languages. Basingstoke (UK), Palgrave Macmillan (2nd revised edition in paperback).
Flynn, Susanne/Foley, C./Vinnitskaya, I. (2004), The Cumulative-Enhancement Model for Language Acquisition: Comparing Adults' and Children's Patterns of Development in First, Second and Third Language Acquisition of Relative Clauses. International Journal of Multilingualism  1:1, 3-17.
Gabryś-Barker, D.(2005). Aspects of Multilingual Storage, Processing and Retrieval. Katowice: University of Silesia Press.
Gabryś-Barker, D. (Ed.).(2012). Cross-linguistic Influences in Multilingual Language Acquisition. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Jessner, U. (2006). Linguistic awareness in multilinguals: English as a third language. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Jorda, M. Pilar Safont (2013), Pragmatic Competence in Multilingual Contexts. New York, Wiley & Sons.
Kramsch, C. (2010). The multilingual subject. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Müller-Lancé, Johannes (2002), La corrélation entre la ressemblance morphologique des mots et la probabilité du transfert interlinguistique". In: Kischel, Gerhard (Hrsg.), EuroCom - Mehrsprachiges Europa durch Interkomprehension in Sprachfamilien. Tagungsband des Internationalen Fachkongresses, Hagen, 9.-10. November 2001. Hagen: FernUniversität/Gesamthochschule (erscheint auch noch unter Aachen: Shaker), 141-159.

External links
 International Association of Multilingualism

Multilingualism
Linguistics organizations


title: All for Nothing (song)

text:
"All for Nothing" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park featuring American guitarist and singer Page Hamilton of alternative metal band Helmet from their sixth studio album, The Hunting Party. The song appears on the album as the second track. It has entered the UK Rock chart at number 23, although it hasn't been released as a single. The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and lead guitarist Brad Delson. The song is featured in the video game Pro Evolution Soccer 2015.

Composition
"All for Nothing" is explained in an early preview for the album as, "This one, when performed live, will get the crowd moving for sure. With a hip-hop flow in the first verse this quickly turns into almost a punk anthem. The song is relentless and unapologetic, with a stellar guitar solo by Brad Delson. It’s no surprise that this heavy tune is hardcore especially since it features a guest spot Helmet vocalist and guitarist Page Hamilton." The song continues its outro into the band's first single from the album, "Guilty All the Same".

Reception
In a track-by-track review for the album, by Billboard the song is given positive review and explained as, "The guitars stay heavy, but the drums slow down and swing just enough for Shinoda to bust some nimble rhymes about refusing to obey orders. It doesn't really matter who he's railing against — this is defiance for defiance's sake. That's Helmet's Page Hamilton on the chorus, lending credibility more than anything else."

Charts

References

2014 songs
Linkin Park songs
Songs written by Mike Shinoda
American hard rock songs
Post-hardcore songs


title: Historical dynamics

text:
Historical dynamics broadly includes the scientific modeling of history.  This might also be termed computer modeling of history, historical simulation, or simulation of history - allowing for an extensive range of techniques in simulation and estimation.  Historical dynamics does not exist as a separate science, but there are individual efforts such as long range planning, population modeling, economic forecasting, demographics, global modeling, country modeling, regional planning, urban planning and many others in the general categories of computer modeling, planning, forecasting, and simulations.

Some examples of "large" history where historical dynamics simulations would be helpful include; global history, large structures, histories of empires, long duration history, philosophy of history, Eurasian history, comparative history, long-range environmental history, world systems theory, non-Western political and economic development, and historical demography.

Information sources for simulations
With the rise of technologies like wikis, and internet-wide search engines, some historical and social data can be mined to constrain models of history and society.  Data from social media sites, and busy sites, can be mined for human patterns of action.  These can provide more and more realistic behavioral models for individuals and groups of any size.  Agent-based models and microsimulations of human behavior can be embedded in larger historical simulations.  Related subfields are behavioral economics and human behavioral ecology.
 Data mining, web mining, predictive analytics
 Social media, web analytics, social networks
 Automated translation, natural language processing, Turing test
 Crowd computing has been applied to history, and offers another tool for historical verification and validation.

Sectoral databases
In every sector of human activity, there are extensive databases for transportation data, urban development, health statistics, education data, social data, economic data—along with many projections.  See :Category:economic databases, :Category:statistical data sets, :Category:social statistics data, :Category:social statistics and :Category:statistics.

Some examples of database activity include Asian Development Bank statistics, World Bank data, and the International Monetary Fund data.

Time series analysis and econometrics are well established fields for the analysis of trends and forecasting; but, survey data and microdatasets can also be used in forecasts and simulations.

Global, country, and sectoral models in international development

The United Nations and other organizations routinely project the population of individual countries and regions of the world decades into the future.  These demographic models are used by other organizations for projecting demand for services in all sectors of each economy.

 International Monetary Fund - Finance, Government Accounts
 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
 World Health Organization - Health
 Food and Agriculture Organization - Food and Agriculture
 International Labour Organization - Labour
 World Trade Organization - Trade
 World Bank - extensive modeling and data activities,

Each country often has their corresponding modeling groups for each of these major sectors.  These can be grouped in separate articles according to sector.  Groups include government departments, international aid agencies, as well as nonprofit and non-governmental organizations.

A broad class of models used for economic and social modeling of countries and sectors are the Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model - also called applied general equilibrium models.  In the context of time based simulations and policy analysis, see dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models.

Linked economic, social, and climate models
Partly because of the controversy over global climate change, there is an extensive network of global climate models, and related social and economic models.  These seek to estimate, not only the change in climate and its physical effects, but also the impact on human society and the natural environment.  See global economic models, social model, microsimulation, climate model, global climate models, and general circulation model.

The relationship between the environment and society is examined through environmental social science.  human ecology, political ecology, and ecology, in general, can be areas where computer and mathematical modeling over time can be relevant to historical simulation.

Historical simulations
Web-based historical simulations, simulations of history, interactive historical simulations, are increasingly popular for entertainment and educational purposes.  The field is expanding rapidly and no central index seems to be available.  Another example is

Several computer games allow players to interact with the game to model societies over time. The Civilization (series) is one example.  Others include Age of Empires, Rise of Nations, Spore, Colonization, Alpha Centauri, Call to Power, and CivCity: Rome.  A longer list of games in historical context, which might include degrees of simulation, are found at :Category:Video games with historical settings.

Military simulation is a well-developed field and increasingly accessible on the internet.

Simulating society
Computer models for simulating society fall under artificial society, social simulation, computational sociology, computational social science, and mathematical sociology.  There is an interdisciplinary Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation for computer simulation of social processes.  The European Social Simulation Association promotes social simulation research in Europe; it is the publisher of JASSS.  There is a corresponding Computational Social Science Society of the Americas., and a Pan-Asian Association for Agent-based Approach in Social Systems Sciences.  PAAA lists some related Japanese associations.

The SimSoc (Simulated Society tool) is in its fifth edition.

Cities
There has been extensive research in urban planning, environmental planning and related fields: regional planning, land-use planning, transportation planning, urban studies, and regional science.  Journals for these fields are listed at List of planning journals.

SimCity is a game for simulations of artificial cities.  It has spawned a range of "sim" games.  The planning groups try to simulate changes in real cities.  The game groups allow experiments with artificial cities.  And the two are merging in such efforts as Vizicities

Industry
The profiling of industries is well developed, and most industries make forecasts and plans.  See industrial history, history of steel, history of mining, history of construction, history of the petroleum industry, and many other histories of specific industries.  See cyclical industrial dynamics for modeling of industries in the sense of "historical dynamics of industries".  Some related terms are industrial planning, history of industry, industrial evolution, technology change, and technology forecasting. An example of "history friendly" industrial models. from the journal, Industrial and Corporate Change.

Economy-wide models must take into account the interactions between industry and the rest of the economy.  See Input–output model, economic planning, and social accounting matrix for some relevant techniques.

Futures
Many of the techniques from futures studies are applicable to historical dynamics.  Whether projecting forward from a point in the past to the present for validation studies, or projecting backwards from the present into the past - many of the techniques are useful.  Likewise, simulations of the past, or alternative pasts, provide a groundwork of techniques for futures studies.

Bibliography

 History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies, Russian intro, English language

See also
 Cliodynamics

References

Dynamical systems
Economic history studies
Historiometry
Mathematical modeling
Simulation
Social history


title: DXHY

text:
DXHY (106.3 FM), broadcasting as 106.3 Radyo Natin, is a radio station owned and operated by Manila Broadcasting Company through its licensee Cebu Broadcasting Company. Its studios and transmitter are located along 13-15th Sts. Brgy. Nazareth, Cagayan de Oro. It is one of the few Radyo Natin stations in major markets. However, it airs a news and talk format, similar to DZRH and Aksyon Radyo.

References

Radio stations in Cagayan de Oro
Radio stations established in 2007


title: Farrell Funston

text:
Farrell Funston was a Canadian Football League wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for eight years. He won three Grey Cup titles with the team.

CFL career
After playing college football at Pacific University and being drafted by the National Football League without playing a down, Funston became a wide receiver for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers from 1959 to 1966. For all those years, Ken Ploen was his quarterback. Together, they were major factors in Winnipeg's four Grey Cup appearances (1959, 1961, 1962, 1965), including three victories: 1959, 1961, 1962, and one loss: 1965. His highest totals as a receiver were the two years he was voted as a western conference all-star: 1961 (47 catches for 892 yards, 19.0 yards per catch, 8 touchdowns) and 1963 (60 catches for 835 yards, 13.9 yards per catch, 9 touchdowns).

Video clips

See also

 List of Grey Cup champions
 List of people from Los Angeles

References

1936 births
1996 deaths
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football wide receivers
Pacific Boxers football players
Players of American football from Los Angeles
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players


title: Italian community of Melbourne

text:
The Italian community of Melbourne is the second largest ethnic group in Greater Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, second to the Anglo-Celtic Australians ethnic group. The 2011 Census counted
that of the 185,402 residents that were born in Italy who live in Australia, 68,823 lived in Melbourne, which was the highest percentage of the country at 37.1%. The same could be said for the total Australian population of Italian ancestry, with 279,112 of the 916,121 (30.4%) listed as Melbourne residents, which is the highest Italian population in Australia and the Oceanic continent per city.

History

Victorian gold rush era
Inaugural records of the Italian community of Melbourne are debated as official records are obscured. It is known that the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s attracted approximately 4,000 ethnic Italians to the colony. These immigrants primarily came from the Valtellina region in Lombardy or the southern Swiss cantons. The drain on the labour supply occasioned by the gold rush caused Australia to also seek workmen from Europe for land use and the development of cultivation. Once the gold rush ended in the late 1860s, most Italians returned home. The exact number of Italians who came to Victoria during this period is unknown as until 1871 Italians did not receive a special place in any Australian census figures.

Late 19th century - World War I
A group of musicians from the town of Viggiano in the Basilicata region formed a small community in Little Lonsdale Street in the 1890s and relocated to Carlton. Immigrants from the Aeolian Islands in Sicily began to settle in the inner-city suburbs, working in as fruiterers. By 1891, there were 1,700 Italians in Victoria (91% were male). In 1896, the Dante Alighieri Society branch in Melbourne was founded to promote Italian language and culture in the city.

Post World War II
The northern inner-suburbs saw the highest population densities of Italian migration between the 1940s-60's. These suburbs consisted of Brunswick, Brunswick East, Brunswick West, Carlton, Carlton North, Fitzroy, Fitzroy North, Parkville and Princes Hill. Of all the listed suburbs, the highest concentration in Carlton, saw the eventual establishment of Melbourne's current Little Italy, on Lygon Street, between the intersections of Elgin & Queensberry streets.

Post global financial crisis migration
In the recent years, Australia has been witnessing a new wave of migration from Italy in numbers not seen in half a century, as thousands flee the economic hardship in Europe, with the Financial crisis of 2007–08 playing a large role, many Italians migrated from Italy to Australia in large numbers. The explosion of numbers saw more than 20,000 Italians arrive in Australia in 2012-13 on temporary visas, exceeding the number of Italians that arrived in 1950–51 during the previous migration boom following World War II.

Today
Today, the city of Melbourne is a sister city to Milan, Italy, with the city's population consisting of 68,823 residents by birth, and 279,112 residents by heritage, as of 2011. Recent restaurant expansion on Lygon street has seen many new Italian restaurants open in the Brunswick East side and also seen the re location of Mondo Music (50 Lygon Street Brunswick East) - the iconic retail store specialising in Italian DVD's, CD's and other Italian merchandise. The recently redeveloped Abruzzo club opened 377 on Lygon in late 2015, and the international award-winning 400 gradi restaurant, that was declared to have the 'world's best pizza' in 2014.

Lygon Street - Melbourne's Little Italy

The Italian restaurant district synonymous with Lygon Street district occupies a number of blocks between Queensberry Street in the South, along Lygon Street, to Elgin Street in the Nnrth. Restaurants can also be found along the streets intersecting Lygon Street, towards the Carlton Gardens in the east and the University of Melbourne in the west. The Lygon Street Festa is an annual celebration that is one of Australia's largest outdoor street festivals, celebrating the Italian culture and cuisine of Melbourne which is held in the district in November.

The La Mama Theatre and Courthouse Theatre are also in this area, as is the heritage-listed neon sign at Borsari's Corner, named after Italian cyclist Nino Borsari, on the corner of Grattan Street. Toto's Pizza House, the first pizzeria established in Australia, has been located at the southern end of Lygon Street continuously since its opening in 1961.

Towards the centre of the district, on the corner of Lygon Street and Argyle Place, there is a small Italian-inspired piazza namedPiazza Italia, which is a joint-redevelopment by Melbourne and its sister city, Milan, in Italy.

The block between Cardigan street and Arglye Place South, are synonymous for the site of celebrations of Italian sport. During the annual Australian Grand Prix, the restaurant district, particularly the stated block, is bathed in red and yellow banners in support of the Ferrari Formula One racing team and, in 1982 and 2006, it was also a major site of Australian celebrations when Italy's national football team won the 1982 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. In 2012, the block, where Notturno Cafe is situated, was the most popular site during the 2012 Euro Cup. In the early hours of 28 June, Lygon street was brought to a stand still following Italy's 2-1 victory over Germany in the semi-finals, advancing to the final against eventual winners Spain, where supporters celebrated on the street for hours, blocking traffic in all directions.

Sport

Melbourne's Italian community has played influential roles in many sports throughout Melbourne. Association Football (soccer) and Australian rules football have been the most popular sports the community has engaged in, at professional levels. There has been influence in the sports of bocce, tennis, and basketball in the community.

Association Football (Soccer)
Football (soccer) has been a fundamental characteristic of sport in Melbourne's Italian community. Many clubs in the past seventy years, competing competitively or defunct, have been in suburbs all over Melbourne, with two clubs participating in the former National Soccer League, being Brunswick Juventus Junior FC (formerly Brunswick Juventus) and Carlton SC. There are currently at least eighteen active clubs based in Melbourne who are competing in various divisions throughout Victoria.

National team players

Clubs

In Melbourne, there are numerous social and sports clubs founded by and/or have a strong Italian following, or have official Italian recognitions.

Active clubs as of the 2022 Victorian football season

Australian Rules Football
In June 2007 the Victorian Football League-Australian Football League announced a (VFL/AFL) Italian Team of the Century, in recognition of the role of Italian Australian players have had in the sport. The vast majority of the official players were born &/or raised in Melbourne. These players consist of:

Notable people

The following list contains notable Italian Australians who were born and/or raised in Melbourne. The list is structured in alphabetical order by surname, and the resident's listed occupation is what he/she was known for. (Incomplete List)

Emma Alberici
Vanessa Amorosi
Tina Arena
George Baldessin
Pietro Baracchi
Ron Barassi Sr.
Ron Barassi Jr.
Melissa Barbieri
Enza Barilla
Steve Bastoni
Edo Benetti
Peter Bevilacqua
Cris Bonacci
Marco Bresciano
Anthony Callea
Blake Caracella
Frank Carbone
Emmanuel Carella
Andrew Carrazzo
Vin Catoggio
Orfeo Cecconato
Chris Cester
Santo Cilauro
Gabriella Cilmi
Chris Ciriello
Simon Colosimo
Vince Colosimo
Paul Cosentino
Frank Curcio
Andrew Daddo
Cameron Daddo
Lochie Daddo
Fausto De Amicis
Ron De Iulio
Brett Deledio
Anthony Di Pietro
Robert DiPierdomenico
Frank Dimattina
Paul Dimattina
Virgil Donati
Brendan Fevola
Matthew Foschini
Vince Grella
Tony Liberatore
Mark Lo Giudice
Joe Misiti
Dylan Murnane
Tony Pignata
Mark Philippoussis
Louisa Angelina Santospirito
Stephen Silvagni
Lou Sticca

See also

Italian diaspora
Italo-Australian Dialect
Greek community of Melbourne

References

European-Australian culture in Melbourne
Demographics of Melbourne
Italian-Australian culture in Melbourne
Ethnic groups in Melbourne


title: 2014 Baku Cup

text:
The 2014 Baku Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. This was the fourth edition of the tournament, which was part of the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place in Baku, Azerbaijan between 21 and 27 July 2014.

Points and prize money

Point distribution

Prize money

Singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of July 14, 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Ksenia Gaydarzhi
  Ons Jabeur
  Nazrin Jafarova

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Nigina Abduraimova
  Kateryna Bondarenko
  Vesna Dolonc
  Misa Eguchi
  Danka Kovinić
  Olga Savchuk

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Mona Barthel
  Klára Koukalová
  Zhang Shuai

Retirements
  Alison Van Uytvanck (gastrointestinal illness)

Doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of July 14, 2014

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Tamari Chalaganidze /  Nazrin Šafářová
  Oleksandra Korashvili /  Tereza Martincová

Retirements
  Francesca Schiavone (right lower leg injury)

Champions

Singles

  Elina Svitolina def.  Bojana Jovanovski, 6–1, 7–6(7–2)

Doubles

  Alexandra Panova /  Heather Watson def.  Raluca Olaru /  Shahar Pe'er, 6–2, 7–6(7–3)

External links
 Official website

Baku Cup
Baku Cup
2014 in Azerbaijani sport


title: List of career achievements by Victoria Azarenka

text:
This is a list of career achievements by Belarusian tennis player Victoria Azarenka.

Grand Slam
By winning the 2012 Australian Open, Victoria Azarenka not only became the first Belarusian player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title; she also became the first player from her country to ascend to the world number one ranking.
Azarenka has three times dethroned reigning champions at Grand Slam tournaments: at the 2009 French Open, on the same day Rafael Nadal suffered his lone defeat at the French Open at the hands of Robin Söderling, Azarenka defeated 2008 champion Ana Ivanovic in straight sets in the fourth round; she also advanced to the quarter-finals of a Grand Slam tournament for the first time by virtue of this victory. She also defeated reigning Australian and US Open champions Kim Clijsters and Samantha Stosur on her way to reaching her first two Grand Slam finals at those respective events in 2012, winning her first Grand Slam title at the former.

Overall
By reaching the semi-finals of (and eventually winning) the 2009 Sony Ericsson Open, Azarenka became just the second Belarusian, after Natasha Zvereva, to be ranked in the top ten of the WTA rankings.
In 2012, Azarenka won her first 26 matches of the season, before losing to Marion Bartoli in the quarter-finals of the Sony Ericsson Open in March.
Azarenka has reigned as world number one for a total of 51 weeks, which is the longest by any player, male or female, from Belarus.
Azarenka combined with compatriot Max Mirnyi to win the Mixed Doubles Gold Medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics, defeating the British pairing of Andy Murray and Laura Robson. Murray had just won Gold in the Men's Singles event earlier in the day.
By defeating Li Na in the round robin stage of the 2012 WTA Tour Championships, Azarenka became the eleventh year-end number one since the WTA rankings were first calculated in 1974. She was also the first player from her country to achieve this.
On 28 July 2014, Azarenka marked 200 consecutive weeks in the top ten, a feat managed by no other player during this period. This streak came to an end when she was defeated by Venus Williams in the second round of the 2014 Bank of the West Classic, but as a result of her reaching the quarter-finals of the 2014 Rogers Cup, and Ana Ivanovic's failure to defend her points, Azarenka returned to the top ten in the week starting 11 August 2014.

See also
Victoria Azarenka career statistics

References

Victoria Azarenka
Azarenka, Victoria


title: Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield

text:
Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield is a mutual insurance in the United States with more than two million members in Iowa and South Dakota. It is the dominant health insurance in Iowa. It is an independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association. Founded in 1939, Wellmark offers dental and  health insurance as well as life insurance. It began participating in the health care exchange for 2017.

History
In 1939, 'Hospital Service Incorporated of Iowa' (later known as Blue Cross of Iowa) began business in Des Moines, Iowa. That same year, 'Associated Hospital Services Incorporated' (later known as Blue Cross of Western Iowa and South Dakota) was established in Sioux City, Iowa. In 1945, Iowa Medical Service (later known as Blue Shield of Iowa) was formed. In 1948, Associated Hospital Services began doing business in South Dakota and marketing activities as Blue Cross. In 1956 'South Dakota Medical Service' began doing business in South Dakota as South Dakota Blue Shield.
In 1986, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Iowa purchased Benefit Administrators of America, Inc., a third-party administrator, which was the plans' first for-profit venture. Benefit Administrators of America was renamed Wellmark Administrators, Inc. in 1997.

In 1989, Blue Cross of Iowa, Blue Shield of Iowa and Blue Cross of Western Iowa and South Dakota merged to form 'IASD Health Services Corporation'. In 1991, IASD Health Services Corporation became a mutual insurance. In 1994, Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) allowed its licensees to be for-profit corporations, and the joint service agreement of Blue Cross of South Dakota and South Dakota Blue Shield expired, putting the two plans in competition with one another.

In 1996, Blue Shield of South Dakota merged into IASD to form a single company. Blue Cross of South Dakota and South Dakota Blue Shield merged into 'South Dakota Health Services Company' doing business as Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Dakota. In 1997, the companies were branded as Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Iowa and Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Dakota.

Companies
Wellmark is headquartered in downtown Des Moines and Sioux Falls. It has 1707 employees in Iowa and 171 in South Dakota. It consists of Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Iowa, Wellmark of South Dakota, Inc. (doing business as Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Dakota) and Wellmark Health Plan of Iowa, Inc. The Wellmark Foundation is a private foundation to support health improvement initiatives in Iowa and South Dakota.

Wellmark insures almost 1.8 million Iowans and more than 300,000 South Dakotans. It is Iowa's largest and dominant insurer but has not participated in the government's health care exchange for two years in a row. During its open enrollment period from October 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014 more than 41,000 people in Iowa and South Dakota enrolled in 24,000 "Affordable Care Act-compliant health plans" by Wellmark. Cliff Gold, former Wellmark employee, then chief operating officer of Iowa's CoOportunity, said that "they have denied consistently, that they [...] push bad risk into the exchanges."

Organization
 the Board of Directors consists of 11 members, namely Thomas M. Cink, Melanie C. Dreher, John D. Forsyth, Daryl K. Henze, William C. (Curt) Hunter, Paul E. Larson, Angeline M. Lavin, Terrence J. Mulligan, Dave Neil, Timothy J. Theriault, Terri M. Vaughan. The CEO is Cory Harris.

Economic aspects
Wellmark's credit rating from Standard and Poor's was "A+" (Strong).

According to Wellmark's 2013 balance sheet its assets were $2,357,637, its liabilities $1,003,329 and its reserves were $1,354,308. As of 2014, Wellmark explains that premiums are spent as follows: 86.6% on payment for health care services, 7.6% for administrative services, 3.9% on commissions, 1.3% for earnings on premiums, and 0.4% on premium tax.

 Wellmark Health Plan of Iowa had to refund $651,895 to customers, because it did not meet specifications of the  80/20 rule in the Affordable Care Act, which requires insurers to spend at least 80 percent of premium dollars on patient care and quality improvement activities. Most rebates in Iowa ($1.1 million) were owed by Coventry Healthcare of Iowa Inc.

Rate increases
Wellmark raised premiums on individual policy holders by between 12 and 13 percent in 2013, 9.4 percent in 2012, 8.5 percent in 2011 and 18 percent in 2010. As of June 2014 Wellmark is seeking to increase rates again, apparently by less than 5.9 percent for the majority of insured, and by 11.9 percent and 14.5 percent for people enrolled after the Affordable Care Act went into effect.

Rate increases above average per CSA require a public hearing in front of the Iowa Commissioner of Insurance; in 2013 the Commission received a total of 300 comments, 240 of which expressed rate increase weariness, and that some increases reached nearly 50 percent since 2010. The second most common comment had to do with affordability, and the third highest reoccurring comment was Wellmark's discretionary spending. Individual comments criticized the chairman's salary of $3.1 million
The Insurance Division's actuary and an independent actuary reviewed Wellmark's data and both found the rate request was not discriminatory, but was supported by the data.

Criticism
In 2010, Wellmark opened its $250 million headquarters, and at the same time raising premiums by double-digit percentages annually. The CEO justified the reserves, or found them possibly even a bit too low, considering that Wellmark pays out more than $5 billion per year in claims.

References

External links
Official website

Financial services companies established in 1939
Organizations based in Des Moines, Iowa
Health insurance in the United States
Members of Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
Medical and health organizations based in Iowa


title: Heather Olver

text:
Heather Olver (born 15 March 1986) is an English badminton player. Her career highlights so far include mixed team and mixed doubles silver at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, European women’s doubles bronze, and reaching the final of the 2013 London Grand Prix Gold and Scottish Open. She also competed at the 2016 Rio Summer Olympics.

Early career
She started playing at the age of six and started when she joined her local club, Waldron Junior BC, with her brother.

Career
In 2005, Olver won the women's doubles at both the England Junior Championships and the Welsh International. In 2009, she was successful four times internationally, and in the following year she won the bronze medal at the European Championships in women's doubles.

She competed in the mixed team and mixed doubles event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won silver medals respectively. She also won mixed team bronze in 2010.

Education
Having attended primary school at Cross in Hand CEP, she later went on to obtain a degree in Coach Education and Sports Development from the University of Bath. She was both a triple jumper and a 200m sprinter at Heathfield Community College in East Sussex.

Achievements

Commonwealth Games
Mixed Doubles

European Championships
Women's Doubles

BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix has two level such as Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007.

Women's Doubles

Mixed Doubles

 BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
 BWF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's doubles

Mixed doubles

 BWF International Challenge tournament
 BWF International Series tournament

References

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Eastbourne
Alumni of the University of Bath
English female badminton players
Olympic badminton players for Great Britain
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in badminton
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
People from Heathfield, East Sussex
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: What Goes Up (disambiguation)

text:
What Goes Up is a 2009 American comedy-drama film starring Hilary Duff and Steve Coogan.

What Goes Up may also refer to:

"What Goes Up" (short story), a 1956 science fiction short story by Arthur C. Clarke
"What Goes Up..." (The Batman), a 2008 episode from the fifth season of the animated television series
"What Goes Up..." (The Brady Bunch), a 1970 episode from the second season of the American sitcom
"What Goes Up..." (Bugs), a 1996 episode from the second season of the British television drama

See also
"What Goes Up Must Come Down," an episode of  the U.S. Claymation television series Bump in the Night.


title: Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi

text:
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi () is educational scholar, curriculum theorist and faculty member of Tarbiat Modares University. The domain of his activities and studies is education.

Biography
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi was born on February 2, 1959, in Tehran. He graduated from high school in 1975 and went to the US to continue his studies. He obtained a BS in industrial technology, building construction in 1979 from California State University- Fresno. He then went to San Jose- California to study for his master's degree. Majoring this time in the field of education, he opted to study educational technology and obtained his degree 1n 1981. For PhD he chose University of Southern California (USC) and studied in the department of Curriculum and Instruction from 1985 to 1987.

Upon returning home he assumed the position of the director for the Center for Educational Planning in the ministry of higher education and taught simultaneously in many universities. He is former chancellor of a national teacher education university named Farhangian University. He has published about ten books and around 100 papers in the field. Most of his works aim at offering a new perspective about commonplaces of the education system.

Scientific works (in English)
International Journals: 1- 'Needs Based Curriculum Development Process', International Research Journal of Arts and Humanities, Vol. 36, No. 36, pp. 59–51
Refereed International Conference Proceedings: 1-'Internet and the Muslim Youth: Challenges, paradigms and strategies', Regional Seminar to Consider Ways to Immunize Children against Harmful Internet Content, Malaysia. 2-'Imaginative Perception: The Hallmark of Reflective Action ', IAACS Triennial Conference, 00/00/2009, South Africa.
Papers: The Place of Neuroscience in Curriculum Thought and Practice, Recognition of "technology education" as a null aspect of school, A Conceptual Framework for Popularizing Science in Muslim societies, Teaching and Learning Road Map for Schools: Global and yet Local!, Upside down Curriculum Design (UDCD): A Novel Strategy in Making Curricular Decisions in Professional Fields of Study, A Comparative Analysis of Ghazali and Egan's Views on Imagination and Education: the Mythic Understanding and Children Learning, Needs-Based Curriculum Development Process: A Multilevel Conception, Toward a New Conception of Educated Person...

Awards
 Outstanding Professor at Tarbiat Modares University, 2004, Tarbiat Modares University
 Outstanding researcher award, 2012, International Farabi Festival on the Humanities and Islamic Studies
 Outstanding professor award at the national level, Humanitis, 2008, Ministry of Science, Research and technology
 Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Supervisor Award, 2009, Vice president's office for Science and Technology

Research interests
 Approaches to Curriculum Development / Design
 Curriculum Research Methodology
 Art and The Curriculum
 Hidden Curriculum
 Curriculum Integration
 Comparative Studies in Curriculum
 Teaching - Learning Strategies
 Higher Education Curriculum

References

External links
Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi's official website
Curriculum Vitae of Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi at Tarbiat Modares University
 Cognitive Curricular Goals and Objectives Revisited (book)
 Teaching and Learning Road Map for Schools: Global and yet Local (Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi)

 Educating in the Arts: The Asian Experience: Twenty-Four Essays
 home page in Linkedin
 home page in Academia

Living people
1958 births
Curricula
Academic staff of Farhangian University
USC Rossier School of Education alumni
Academics from Tehran
Academic staff of Tarbiat Modares University


title: Neurocossus

text:
Neurocossus is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae.

Species
 Neurocossus khmer (Yakovlev, 2004)
 Neurocossus pinratanai (Yakovlev, 2004)
 Neurocossus speideli (Holloway, 1986)

References

External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Cossidae genera


title: Blythe River (Tasmania)

text:
The Blythe River is a perennial river located in north-western region of Tasmania, Australia.

Location and features
The river rises near Rabbit Plain on the slopes of Mount Tor and flows generally north into Emu Bay in Bass Strait, at Heybridge, near . The river descends  over its  course.

The local economy relies on mining and recreational fishing.

See also

References

Rivers of Tasmania
North West Tasmania


title: Khairagarh State

text:
Khairagarh State was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. Khairagarh town in Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district of Chhattisgarh was the capital of the state and the see of the Raja's residence.

History
Khairagarh State was a feudatory state of the former Central Provinces of British India. The chief, who was descended from royal family of the old Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur, received the title of Raja as a hereditary distinction in 1898 or on 1st January 1896. The Khairagarh chiefs claimed descent from the prominent Rajgond dynasty of Garha-Mandla.

The state included a fertile plain, yielding rice. Khairagarh was one of the states in Chhattisgarh affected by a severe famine in 1897-1898. "The demands of famine created an enormous export in food grains which affected even the remotest parts of Bastar and Kalahandi.  From the Khairagarh State alone 500,000 maunds of grain were exported."

The administration of the state was apparently effective and its wealth and importance were maintained. A review of the administration of the Central Provinces is as follows- "The high standard of administration which the Khairagarh State has for many past years maintained, no less than its wealth and importance, renders this permanent addition to its dignity and status peculiarly pleasing and appropriate."

The last ruler of Khairagarh, Birendra Bahadur Singh, signed the accession to the dominion of India on 1st January 1948.

Rulers
1833- Khairagarh estate (zamindari) founded.
1873 - 1893- British India administration.
1898- Khairagarh recognized as a state.
19 Feb 1891 -  7 Oct 1908  Kamal Narayan Singh (b. 1867 - d. 1908), personal style Raja from 1896, made hereditary 1898
8 Oct 1908 - 22 Oct 1918  Lal Bahadur Singh (b. 1889 - d. 1918)
8 Oct 1908 - 13 Dec 1912  Rai Sahib Sunder Lall (superintendent)
22 Oct 1918 - 15 Aug 1947  Birendra Bahadur Singh (b. 1914 - d. 1998)

See also
 Eastern States Agency
 Chhattisgarh Division
Political integration of India

References

Princely states of India
States and territories disestablished in 1948
History of Chhattisgarh
Rajnandgaon district
1833 establishments in India
1948 disestablishments in India
Princely states of Chhattisgarh


title: 2014–15 UEFA Futsal Cup

text:
The 2014–15 UEFA Futsal Cup was the 29th edition of Europe's premier club futsal tournament and the 14th edition under the current UEFA Futsal Cup format.

Times are CET (UTC+1) during winter and CEST (UTC+2) during summer.

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Group G

Group H

Main round
Note: FC Lokomotiv Kharkiv (Ukraine) were originally drawn into Group 3 with hosts MFK Dina Moskva (Russia). Due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, a draw was held to reallocate Lokomotiv, and they switched groups with Futsal Team Charleroi (Belgium).

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Elite round
FC Barcelona, Kairat Almaty, Araz Naxçivan and Sporting CP received a bye to the Elite Round due to their coefficient ranking. The games were disputed between 18 and 23 of November 2014.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Final four
The finals will be hosted by Sporting CP, following a decision of the UEFA Executive Committee on 26 January 2015. The draw for the finals was made at half-time of the Primeira Liga match between Sporting CP and S.L. Benfica on 8 February 2015 at the Estádio José Alvalade, around 21:45 CET (UTC+1). The matches will be played at MEO Arena, Lisbon on 24–26 April 2015.

Semi-finals

Third place play-off

Final

Top goalscorers

References

External links

2014/15 final tournament, UEFA.com
UEFA Futsal Cup finals programme, UEFA.com

UEFA Futsal Champions League
Cup


title: Broken Trust

text:
"Broken Trust" is a song written by Jimbeau Hinson and was produced by Ron Chancey, and performed by Brenda Lee and The Oak Ridge Boys.  The song reached #9 on the U.S. country chart and #14 on the Canadian country chart in 1980.  It was featured on her 1980 album, Take Me Back.

References

1980 songs
1980 singles
Songs written by Jimbeau Hinson
Brenda Lee songs
The Oak Ridge Boys songs
Song recordings produced by Ron Chancey


title: Franz Xaver Pentenrieder

text:
Franz Xaver Pentenrieder (6 February 1813 – 17 July 1867) was a German composer of church music and operas.

Pentenrieder was born in Kaufbeuren, Bavaria and studied with Johann Nepomuk Kalcher and Joseph Hartmann Stuntz in Munich. He entered the choir of the Munich Frauenkirche and went on to become court Kapellmeister and organist to the King of Bavaria. He also served as the choir director at Ludwigskirche and répétiteur at the Munich Hofoper (now known as the Bavarian State Opera).

He spent the final years of his life in an insane asylum after serious injuries from a carriage accident left him physically and mentally disabled.

Operas
Die Nacht zu Paluzzi, romantic opera in two acts, premiered Königliches Hof- und National-Theater, Munich, 2 October 1840
Das Haus ist zu verkaufen, comic singspiel in one act, premiered Leipzig, 1846

References

German opera composers
Male opera composers
1813 births
1867 deaths
19th-century classical composers
German male classical composers
19th-century German composers
19th-century German male musicians


The University of Minnesota basketball scandal involved National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules violations, most notably academic dishonesty, committed by the University of Minnesota men's basketball program. The story broke the day before the 1999 NCAA Tournament, when the St. Paul Pioneer Press reported that Minnesota academic counseling office manager Jan Gangelhoff had done coursework for at least 20 Minnesota basketball players since 1993.

In the resulting scandal, four players from the Minnesota basketball team were immediately suspended, pending an investigation for academic fraud. Head coach Clem Haskins, men's athletic director Mark Dienhart, and university vice president McKinley Boston all resigned. Minnesota voluntarily sat out the 1999–2000 postseason, among other self-imposed sanctions. In 2000, the NCAA placed the Minnesota men's basketball program on four years' probation and reduced scholarships, based on numerous findings of academic fraud, improper benefits, and other ethics violations.

St. Paul Pioneer Press reporting
On March 10, 1999, the day before Minnesota was to play in the first round of the NCAA Tournament, the St. Paul Pioneer Press reported, in an article by George Dohrmann, that Jan Gangelhoff, an office manager of the university academic counseling unit, alleged that she had completed hundreds of pieces of coursework for more than 20 Minnesota men's basketball players. According to Dohrmann, former players including Courtney James and Bobby Jackson corroborated Gangelhoff's claims. Gangelhoff provided him with printed samples of coursework written by her and turned in by students. Among other allegations by Gangelhoff: she was allowed to continue assisting players despite being caught in 1996 doing a take-home exam with a player, an assistant coach drove players to Gangelhoff's home for tutoring sessions in possible violation of NCAA rules, Gangelhoff duplicated the same work for different student-athletes to turn in to different classes, and coach Clem Haskins paid Gangelhoff in cash to tutor players.

Immediately after the Pioneer Press reported this story, the University of Minnesota began an investigation, suspending four players for the NCAA Tournament: starters Kevin Clark and Miles Tarver, and reserves Antoine Broxsie and Jason Stanford, alleged as among those for whom Gangelhoff had done work. Minnesota lost to Gonzaga in the first round of the tournament on March 11. Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura accused the Pioneer Press of timing the article to be published around NCAA Tournament time for the sake of "sensationalism journalism." The newspaper received many hostile calls and letters in response to this  report.

After the March 10 article, two more people came forward claiming to have done coursework for Minnesota basketball players: Gangelhoff's sister Jeanne Payer and Alexandra Goulding, a Minnesota sociology doctoral candidate. In a Pioneer Press article published on March 24, 1999, Goulding said that she wrote a paper for Minnesota starting forward Courtney James in 1995. After telling coach Haskins that she would never do student-athletes' assignments again, Goulding said Haskins responded: "[James] needed a lot of help."

NCAA investigation and findings
On October 24, 2000, the NCAA published its public infractions report relating to University of Minnesota men's basketball. Among its findings of rules violations:
Gangelhoff prepared nearly 400 pieces of coursework for at least 18 basketball players;
Alonzo Newby, the academic counselor assigned to men's basketball at Minnesota, orchestrated the academic fraud;
Head coach Clem Haskins knew about Gangelhoff's fraudulent activities, and improperly provided benefits to Gangelhoff and Newby;
In 1986, an academics counselor quoted Haskins in a memo as saying: "If someone doing a paper for a student-athlete would allow him the opportunity to be eligible to compete and therefore succeed, we need to do the paper for him;"
The academic counselor and other basketball staffers intimidated professors and registrar staff into changing grades for student-athletes to maintain eligibility.

Additionally, the NCAA discovered that Haskins and other staffers had provided improper benefits to recruits and student-athletes, including cash payments made to student-athletes. Rules violations extended to football and men's ice hockey student-athletes, as well.

Sanctions

Self-imposed
Following an internal investigation launched on March 19, 1999, the university self-imposed the following sanctions on its men's basketball program, among others:
A postseason ban for the 1999–00 season;
A reduction of three scholarships for the 1999–00 season and a total of four scholarships reduced from the 2000–01 and 2003–04 seasons;
Forfeiture of 90% of money earned from appearances in the 1994, 1995, and 1997 NCAA Tournaments.

On June 25, 1999, the university paid $1.5 million to buy out the contract of Clem Haskins. It hired Gonzaga head coach Dan Monson a month later to replace Haskins. This was four months after Gonzaga beat Minnesota in the NCAA Tournament. On November 19, 1999, the same day that Minnesota released its report of its internal investigation of the scandal, Minnesota president Mark Yudof accepted the resignations of vice president McKinley Boston and men's athletic director Mark Dienhart.

Three years later, on May 13, 2002, Hennepin County District Judge Deborah Hedlund ordered Haskins to return $815,000 of the $1.5 million in buyout money paid to him. This was based on an arbitrator's recommendation, after the university argued that Haskins had committed fraud by lying to the NCAA yet accepting the buyout money.

NCAA
Following its investigation, the NCAA issued the following sanctions to the university:
Four years of probation until October 23, 2004;
A reduction of five scholarships in total until the 2003–04 season;
A reduction of six paid visits by recruits until the 2002–03 season;
Vacating all appearances in the 1994, 1995, and 1997 NCAA Tournaments and 1996 and 1998 National Invitational Tournaments, as well as individual records of those student-athletes found to have committed academic fraud; and
Show-cause penalties for Haskins and Newby (both until October 23, 2007) and Gangelhoff (until October 23, 2005).

Shortly afterward, the Big Ten stripped the Gophers of the 1997 regular season title and vacated all of the Gophers' victories from 1993 to 1999.

Extension of probation
In July 2002, the NCAA found Minnesota Golden Gophers women's basketball liable for multiple rule violations regarding practice time and benefits that occurred under the watch of then-head coach Cheryl Littlejohn from 1998 to 2001. Because the NCAA treated the women's basketball violations as a separate matter from the men's basketball academic violations, Minnesota avoided being designated a repeat violator and getting the "death penalty" for the women's basketball program. Instead, the NCAA extended the existing probationary period until 2006.

Aftermath
Broxsie transferred to Oklahoma State after the spring 1999 semester.

In 2000, Dohrmann won the Pulitzer Prize for beat reporting for his reports on the scandal. According to Geneva Overholser of the Project for Excellence in Journalism, "the closeness of the sports writing community, Dohrmann and his editor knew, meant that others would be quite ready to turn on them if their work fingered some of the Twin Cities' most beloved figures."

Minnesota finished its first season under NCAA probation 18–14, including an appearance in the 2001 NIT. In November 2001, the Star Tribune reported that new coach Monson "rebuilt" the Minnesota men's basketball program after the scandal "faster than seemed possible." Minnesota made the NIT again in 2002 and 2003 and next made the NCAA Tournament in 2005.

Haskins worked as a scout for the Minnesota Timberwolves for a year after leaving the University of Minnesota. He then retired to his farm in Campbellsville, Kentucky. Dienhart became an executive at US Bank after resigning as men's athletic director. He returned to higher education in 2001 as senior vice president for institutional advancement at his alma mater, the University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He was later appointed as executive vice president and chief operating officer, serving until 2013 when he went to a foundation. From 2004 to 2014, Boston was athletic director at New Mexico State University.

References

External links
NCAA summary of major infractions
NCAA public infractions report for the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, published October 24, 2000. Formats: PDF, HTML
University of Minnesota basketball scandal news coverage by Minnesota Public Radio
Special reports on the scandal by the St. Paul Pioneer Press from March to November 1999

Minnesota
1999 in sports in Minnesota
University sports scandals
Minnesota
Scandal
Minnesota


title: Thomas Wilkinson (Australian politician)

text:
Thomas Wilkinson  (6 April 1799 – 20 April 1881) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia) and a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Van Diemen's Land
Wilkinson was born in Sunderland, and arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1833.

On Flinders Island, he translated portions of Genesis for the use of the natives. Commenting on this translation, G. W. Walker says:

Port Phillip District
Wilkinson arrived in the Port Phillip District in April 1840 via Van Diemens Land. He was the founder of the Portland Guardian newspaper.

Politics
On 10 September 1851, Wilkinson was elected as a member of Portland in the first (unicameral) Victorian Legislative Council.
He was sworn-in November 1851 and held the seat until the original Council was abolished in March 1856.

Wilkinson died in Brunswick, Victoria, on 20 April 1881.

References

1799 births
1881 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
English emigrants to colonial Australia
People from the City of Sunderland
Politicians from Tyne and Wear
19th-century Australian politicians


title: Victoria Gres

text:
Victoria Gres (; born 1964) is a Ukrainian fashion and costume designer. She and other designers are considered to be some of the first Ukrainian fashion designers to emerge after Ukraine gained independence as a country.

Gres began her career in fashion design around 1996. Her collections have been featured in Ukraine, Russia, the United States, and Canada. Her designs are regularly featured during Ukrainian Fashion Week.

Gres' fashion shows are often inspired by films or literary and musical works. In 2014, she staged a show at the Ukrainian Fashion Week to protest the war. In 2019, during the Victoria Gres brand's 26th anniversary, she hosted a fashion show inspired by fairy tales.

In 2008, Gres was a costume designer for the Janet Jackson's Rock Witchu Tour. In 2014, she designed the inauguration dress for the First Lady of Ukraine Maryna Poroshenko. The garment was a silk lavender coat dress with Ukrainian embroidery on the hem and sleeves. It was worn during the first part of the day, during the swearing in ceremony for the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko at the Verkhovna Rada and at the Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv.

References

1964 births
Living people
20th-century Ukrainian women artists
21st-century Ukrainian women artists
Russian women fashion designers
Ukrainian women fashion designers


title: Stéphanie Groß

text:
Stéphanie Mary Groß (born 12 October 1974 in Basel, Switzerland) is a retired amateur German freestyle wrestler, who competed in the women's middleweight category. Gross has claimed four medals (three silver and one bronze) at the World Championships (1997, 1998, 2000, and 2007), and seized an opportunity to compete for Germany at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Before her sporting career ended in 2008, Gross trained full-time as a member of the wrestling squad for AC Ückerath in Dormagen, North Rhine-Westphalia, under her father and personal coach Walter Groß.

Gross began her career as a judoka, before she sought sights to wrestling at the age of fifteen. In 1997, Gross emerged herself into a sporting fame at the World Championships in Clermont-Ferrand, France, where she claimed a silver medal in the 62-kg division. Before her major Olympic debut, she held a stunning combined record of five medals; three of which came from the World Championships, and the other two from the European Championships.

When women's wrestling made its debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Gross qualified for the German squad, as a 29-year-old veteran in the 63 kg class. Earlier in the process, she earned an Olympic spot by taking second at the final Olympic Qualification Tournament in Madrid, Spain after missing out a coveted place from the World Championships. She lost her opening match 1–4 to the host nation's Stavroula Zygouri by the massive clamor of the home crowd inside Ano Liossa Olympic Hall, but rallied for a three-point victory by beating Sweden's Sara Eriksson in her second bout to close the prelim pool. Despite missing a spot for the semifinals, Gross seized an opportunity to face against Canadian wrestler and 2003 world bronze medalist Viola Yanik in the consolation round, but she could not score enough points to push her opponent off the mat, and lost the match 1–4, placing only seventh in the final standings.

At the 2007 World Wrestling Championships in Baku, Azerbaijan, Gross fell short of a chance to take her first ever trophy after losing out to Frenchwoman Audrey Prieto with a 2–10 decision, but guaranteed to cease her nine-year medal drought with a silver.

References

External links

Profile – International Wrestling Database

1974 births
Living people
German female sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Germany
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
German people of Swiss descent
Sportspeople from Basel-Stadt
World Wrestling Championships medalists
European Wrestling Championships medalists


title: Swisspartners Group

text:
The swisspartners Group is a Swiss wealth management and asset management firm, comprising several legal entities. They have offices in Zurich, Geneva, Vaduz (Liechtenstein) and Feldkirch (Austria) .  The swisspartners Group is one of the largest independent investment management firms in Switzerland, in operation for more than 20 years.

History
The swisspartners Group's first legal entity, swisspartners Investment Network AG, was incorporated in 1993 as a joint stock corporation under Swiss law.  It is a member of the Swiss Association of Asset Managers (SAAM)  and regulated by its Self-Regulation Body (SRO).  In 1995, swisspartners Insurance Company was launched.   The swisspartners Wealth Management AG was founded in 1997. In 1998, swisspartners Investment Network AG opened a branch in Basel, Switzerland, which was closed in 2013. The swisspartners Versicherung AG was founded in 2002 and swisspartners AG was launched in 2003, both Liechtenstein based companies under the control of the Liechtensteinische Finanzmarktaufsicht FMA. The swisspartners Investment Network AG opened an additional subsidiary in 2003 in Geneva, Switzerland and in 2008 swisspartners Advisors Ltd. was founded. The swisspartners Group shares are held by partners active in the business (85%) and financial investors (15%).

In 2017, swisspartners Group performed a fundamental reorganisation in order to prepare for future client and regulatory needs and requirements. Since 01.01.2017, the newly founded swisspartners Group AG, Zurich, was positioned as the new holding company. The Swiss and non-EU asset management business is processed in the newly founded swisspartners AG, Zurich (member of SAAM and SRO)and the mid- and back office processes as well as the infrastructure management of the whole swisspartners group is organised in the newly founded swisspartners Corporate AG, Zurich.

Organization
The swisspartners Group is active in three areas of business – asset management, life insurance and fiduciary services. The Liechtenstein-based swisspartners AG serves as a “EU-Passport”, thus the company is allowed to perform assent management services in the European Union. Due to its SEC-registration, swisspartners Advisors Ltd.
, is allowed to serve U.S. citizens.

In the Media
swisspartners avoided criminal charges "as a direct result of its decision to self-report misconduct" as explained by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Preet Bharara. The swisspartners agreed in May 2014 to pay $4.4 million to the United States to settle a probe concerning whether or not it helped US taxpayers to evade their federal income taxes.

References

External links

Financial services companies established in 1993
Financial services companies of Switzerland


title: Kalimantanossus

text:
Kalimantanossus is a monotypic genus of moths in the family Cossidae. Its only species, Kalimantanossus microgenitalis, was described in 2004 and is found on Borneo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 2004
Cossidae genera


title: Bucking Bull

text:
Bucking Bull is an Australian chain of roast and grill restaurants. It was founded in 1999 in Western Australia by franchise group Aktiv Brands. Later it expanded to Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. In 2015 there were 35 Bucking Bull outlets.
Bucking Bull places great emphasis on growing all of the products it sells in Australia. He has also mastered Beef, Pork and Lamb meat products.

See also
 List of restaurant chains in Australia

References

External links

Fast-food chains of Australia


title: Blood Stained Tradewinds

text:
Blood Stained Tradewinds is a 1990 Hong Kong action film directed by Chor Yuen and starring Waise Lee, Idy Chan, Alex Fong and Carrie Ng.

Plot
Sing (Alex Fong) and Hung (Waise Lee) grew up in a triad gang where they developed a great relationship with Uncle Lung's (Pau Fong) daughter Sophia (Idy Chan). Due to his old age and sickness, Lung decides to choose Sing as his successor. However, Sing refuses the offer and is kicked out of the gang. In his place, Lung chooses Hung as his successor and also arranges his marriage to Sophia.

Although Hung is now gang leader, he is unable to convince others to follow him due to his aggressiveness. At the same time, the Japanese yakuza attacks him. Meanwhile, Sing, who is now employed by a firecracker factory, has married Fong (Carrie Ng) and settled down to a peaceful life with her. However, a rival gang forces Sing to return to the underworld. The gang kills Lung and kidnaps Sophia triggering a massive gang war.

Cast

 Waise Lee as Hung
 Idy Chan as Sophia Chow
 Alex Fong as Chan Chi-sing
 Carrie Ng as Fong
 Ng Man-tat as Uncle Tat
 Lo Lieh as Brother Ming
 Chen Kuan-tai as Arms buyer
 Stanley Fung as Drunk
 Pau Fong as Uncle Lung
 Ng Yuen-jun as Gutsy Chao
 Ricky Wong as Wai
 Lam Wai as Sung Poon
 Andrew Chan
 Tang Cheung as Chung Yee Gang Lieutenant
 Chan Chi-hung as Chung Yee Gang Lieutenant
 Tam Wai-man as Ming's thug
 Kuk Hin-chiu as Ming's thug
 Yee Tin-hung as Ming's thug
 Lam Chi-tai as Ming's thug
 Lee Fat-yuen as Ming's thug
 Cheung Kwok-wah as Ming's thug
 Choi Kwok-keung
 Fei Kin
 Jack Wong
 Chung Wing
 Chang Sing-kwong
 Lam Foo-wai
 Wong Chi-ming
 Lee Yiu-king
 Lau Shung-fung
 Kong Chuen
 Ho Wing-cheung
 Yiu Man-kei
 Ho Hon-chau
 Choi Kwok-ping
 Chan Wai-to
 Ma Yuk-sing

Box office
The film grossed HK$1,815,249 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 7 to 14 December 1990 in Hong Kong, and was released on DVD 16 January 2007.

Reception
DVD Talk offered that while this is a Chor Yuen film, it is not one to watch in order to best know the work of Yuen, as the film would not give a viewer a look into the director's vision, just as watching Jack does not allow insights into the brilliance of Francis Ford Coppola. After leaving the Shaw Bros., Yuen was working under constraints different from his earlier films. "Despite a decent cast and an okay script, Chor Yuen doesnt seem to muster much inventiveness of energy into the picture, so the result is a pretty paint by numbers entry into the gangsters and guns genre. "

References

External links

 Blood Stained Tradewind at Hong Kong Cinemagic

 Blood Stained Tradewinds at Rotten Tomatoes

1990 films
1990 action thriller films
1990 crime thriller films
Hong Kong action thriller films
Hong Kong crime thriller films
Gun fu films
Triad films
Yakuza films
1990s Cantonese-language films
Films directed by Chor Yuen
Films set in Hong Kong
Films shot in Hong Kong
1990s Japanese films
1990s Hong Kong films


title: Lukačević

text:
Lukačević () is a Serbian and Croatian surname, a patronymic derived from Lukač.

The slava (Orthodox patron saint veneration) of Lukačević families is Alypius the Stylite. In Podgorica, bearers of the surname are mainly Orthodox, while other are Muslims. These are all related to the Lukačević families in Berislavci and Vranje.

Notable people
 Vojislav Lukačević (1908–1945), Chetnik
 Ivan Lukačević (1946–2003), Yugoslav footballer
 Ivan Lukačević (soldier)
 Josip Lukačević (born 1983), Bosnian footballer
 Stevan Lukačević (1860–1932), Montenegrin politician

References

Surnames of Serbian origin
Surnames of Croatian origin


title: Mad Mex

text:
Mad Mex Fresh Mexican Grill, referred to simply as Mad Mex,  is an Australian-based multinational chain of fast-food restaurants based in Sydney, New South Wales, that purveys Mexican cuisine, while the Mad Group own the master franchise for the restaurant in New Zealand.

Mad Mex Fresh Mexican is Lucha libre-themed and was voted the best Mexican restaurant nationwide in the Lifestyle Food Awards.

, 71 locations are in operation.

History
Mad Mex opened its first restaurant in Darlinghurst on 21 March 2007.

On 19 September 2019, 4Fingers Crispy Chicken announced its acquisition of 50% stake in Mad Mex. As part of the partnership, 4Fingers will initially establish Mad Mex's presence in Southeast Asia and expects to open a number of outlets in Singapore and Malaysia by the end of 2019.

In 2019, Mad Mex opened stores internationally in Singapore and Malaysia.

In 2021, Mad Mex announced that they were once again 100 per cent Australian-owned after the company bought out its 50 per cent Singaporean joint venture partner.

Founder
Clovis Young, the co-founder of Mad Mex, grew up in California and Massachusetts before becoming a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.

See also

List of restaurant chains in Australia
List of Mexican restaurants

References

External links

Fast-food chains of Australia
Fast-food Mexican restaurants
Restaurants established in 2007
2007 establishments in Australia
Theme restaurants
Food and drink companies based in Sydney
Mexican restaurants in Australia


title: Eremocossus almeriana

text:
Eremocossus almeriana is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Josef J. de Freina and Thomas Joseph Witt in 1990. It is found in south-eastern Spain.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1990
Moths of Europe


title: Dum Dum (song)

text:
"Dum Dum" is a song written by Jackie DeShannon and Sharon Sheeley and performed by Brenda Lee.  The song reached #4 on the Billboard Hot 100, #4 in Australia, and #22 in the UK in 1961.  It was featured on her 1961 album, All the Way.

The song was produced by Owen Bradley.  The singles B-side, "Eventually", reached #56 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The song was ranked #91 on Billboard magazine's Top Hot 100 songs of 1961.

References

1961 songs
1961 singles
Songs written by Jackie DeShannon
Songs written by Sharon Sheeley
Brenda Lee songs
Song recordings produced by Owen Bradley
Decca Records singles


title: Sri Ananda Lingeshwara Temple

text:
A Hindu temple situated in a small hill called Aananda Giri Hill near Hebbal, Bangalore capital city of Karnataka state, India, was originated in 13th century Chola dynasty era.

The temple was renovated in 2000 (the temple itself), 2009 (surrounding places of the temple), and 2012 (Ganesha Temple on the west side of the hill). In 2013 a Kala Bairaveshwara idol was installed in a cave towards east of the hill.

Sri Kaala Bairaveshwara Cave
The Kaala Bairaveshwara is also known as Kshetra Paalaka that means the protector of the area. According to " Shiva purana " the devotees had to first devote the Kaala Bairaveshwara god before seeing the main God.

The idol was installed and modified by Sri Ananda Lingeshwara Kshetra Trust in the year 2009. The cave has a secret escape route to Nandi hills.

Tunnel to Nandi Hill
A secret passage on the west is believed to have helped the kings to escape during unforeseen attacks on Nandi Hills, situated in present Chickaballapura district, before it comes under Chickkaballapura Talaq, Bangalore. The tunnel connects Ananda Giri to Nandi Hill, by 57 km by road, and 49 km by tunnel. Because of urbanization (construction) the link of the tunnel has been closed in between.

Other temples surrounding the hill
 Ganesha temple (1 towards west, 1 towards north)
 Muneshwara Temple, towards north
 Kaateramma devi temple, towards north east
 Santoshi mata mandir (in Garasia colony)
 Aadi shakthi Mandir (in Garasia colony)
 Sri Vishnu Shakti (Lakshmi) Mandir (in Garasia colony)
 Ayyappa temple towards east
 Shanimahtma temple towards south east
 Kalabairaveshwara temple towards east side of temple.

Maha Shivaraatri
Maha Shivratri is a Hindu festival celebrated every year in reverence of Lord Shiva. It is the day Shiva was married to Parvati.

The Maha Shivratri festival, also popularly known as 'Shivratri' or 'Great Night of Lord Shiva', is observed on the 13th night/14th day in the Krishna Paksha every year on the month of Falgun according to the Hindu calendar.

This festival is celebrated very grandly in the hill, it will be like a fair. More than a thousand people visit the temple from area surrounding hill.  Various programmes are organized from the holiday to till the next day on this occasion. Every year free lunch is organised on the next day of the holiday Shivaratri.

Photo gallery

References

Hindu temples in Bangalore


title: Salsa's Fresh Mex Grill

text:
Salsa's Fresh Mex Grill is an Australian chain of fast-food restaurants. Salsa's Fresh Mex Grill serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods including tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, other specialty items, and a variety of "value menu" items.

There are 42 locations in operation across Australia.

See also

List of restaurants in Australia
List of Mexican restaurants

References

External links

2007 establishments in Australia
Fast-food chains of Australia
Fast-food Mexican restaurants
Mexican restaurants in Australia
Restaurants established in 2007
Restaurants in Sydney
Tex-Mex restaurants


title: Spudbar

text:
SpudBAR is an Australian baked potato chain, founded in 2000 in Fitzroy, Victoria. SpudBAR is the largest Australian owned potato franchise with locations in Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland.

SpurBAR currently has 21 active locations across Australia. Its ventures in Western Australia (at Cannington, Fremantle and Joondalup) were unsuccessful, with each of these stores going out of business.

Menu
SpudBAR offers a variety of pre-set menu options as well as a create your own option.

SpudBAR's menus is made up of three major sections:
 Spuds
 Salads
 Snacks
SpudBAR offers a variety of different spud, salad and snack options depending on customers dietary options. These include;
 Vegetarian (v)
 Dairy free (df)
 Vegan  (vg)

See also
 List of restaurant chains in Australia
 List of hamburger restaurants

References

External links

Fast-food chains of Australia
Fast-food hamburger restaurants
Australian companies established in 2000
Restaurants established in 2000
2000 establishments in Australia


title: Grenzebach BSH

text:
Grenzebach BSH (GmbH) was established following the take-over of Babcock-BSH GmbH by Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH. Grenzebach BSH GmbH has its registered office in Bad Hersfeld, Germany, and has been a member of the Grenzebach group since October 2002. The company employs some 350 people and at the Bad Hersfeld location continues its predecessor's activities as a supplier of equipment and services for the wood processing and building materials industries as well as the process technology sector. Its offices and workshops were first located in buildings that in part dated back to the old Schilde AG. Beginning in the summer of 2007, engineering and administration were the first departments to move into a new office building located at Gewerbepark Hohe Luft, a business park at the periphery of Bad Hersfeld. Construction of a new factory building right next to the offices began in 2008 and was completed in 2009. Manufacturing and the remaining departments such as R&D and logistics then also moved in from mid-2009. By the end of 2009 all buildings on the former Schilde premises in the town centre were vacated and handed back their owner, the town of Bad Hersfeld.

Products
The company supplies equipment and systems for the production of bagged plaster, gypsum plasterboard, gypsum fibreboard, gypsum blocks, cement fibreboards and construction boards and panels.
Its range of supplies and services for the wood processing industry includes veneer slicers, belt dryers, roller dryers, press dryers and veneer scanners.
The mechanical process engineering department supplies pneumatic mixers, plants for the production of cellulose insulation materials, pigment plants, vibration tube mills, jet airstream sifters (cross flow sifters), powder compactors and whirlwind mills. The thermal process engineering range includes sectional coolers, moving bed coolers, recuperative multi-tube coolers and plants for the production of sodium triphosphate, calcined petroleum coke and cristobalite.

References

External links
Patent application title: METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRYING SHEETS OF DRYWALL
Patent application title: METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE AIR-BASED SOLAR THERMAL GENERATION OF PROCESS HEAT
Patent application title: PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR STABILISING, COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING GYPSUM PLASTER
Patent application title: METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALPHA-CALCIUM SULFATE HEMIHYDRATE FROM CALCIUM SULFATE DIHYDRATE

Engineering companies of Germany
Manufacturing companies of Germany
Companies based in Hesse


title: Maimoona Sultan

text:
Maimoona Sultan (1932–2006) was a member of the Parliament of India and belonged to the Indian National Congress. She was elected to the second and third Lok Sabha from Bhopal. She was member of the Rajya Sabha from  April 1974 to April 1980 and from June 1980 to June 1986.

References

1932 births
2006 deaths
Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
Politicians from Bhopal
Indian Muslims
Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
India MPs 1957–1962
India MPs 1962–1967
Indian National Congress politicians from Madhya Pradesh


title: Norwegian Export Council

text:
The Norwegian Export Council () was a Norwegian state-owned consultant organ established in 1945. Its role was to provide consultancy and advice for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in export-related matters. Until 1994 the council was financed by a levy on exports, but from 1996 it was a foundation co-financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. It was superseded by Innovation Norway on 1 January 2004.

Directors
1946–1948 Bjarne Børde
1948–1951 Thor Brodtkorb
1951–1952 Bjarne Børde
1953–1955 Nils Anton Jørgensen
1955–1971 Otto Christian Malterud
1971–1979 Gunnar Rogstad
1979–1982 Einar Magnussen
1983–1988 Arne Langeland
1988–1995 Kjell-Martin Fredriksen
1995–2001 Per Andreas Vogt
2002–2003 Arild H. Blixrud

References

Defunct government agencies of Norway
Foundations based in Norway
1945 establishments in Norway
Organizations established in 1945
2004 establishments in Norway
Organizations established in 2004


title: National Labour Party (Czechoslovakia, 1938)

text:
The National Labour Party (Národní strana práce) was one of two identically named parties in Czechoslovakia. It was founded on 11 December 1938 as a merger of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party with the left wing of the Czechoslovak National Social Party. The purpose of the party was to unify the non-communist left and, within the framework of the Second Czechoslovak Republic, to function as a democratic opposition against the authoritarian tendencies of the Party of National Unity, which constituted the government. An identically named party (Národní strana práce) had previously existed in Czechoslovakia from 1925 to 1930.

The National Labour Party was forced to disband in late March 1939, after the liquidation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state.

38 members of the Chamber of Deputies of Czechoslovakia belonged to the National Labour Party. These were Ján Bečko, Rudolf Bechyně, Ferdinand Benda, Karel Brožík, Ivan Dérer, František Dlouhý, Josef Ešner, Antonín Hampl, Jaroslav Hladký, Rudolf Chalupa, Václav Jaša, Marie Jurnečková-Vorlová, Robert Klein, Josef Kopasz, Jan Blahoslav Kozák, Felix Kučera, Jaroslav Kučera, Alois Langer, Bohumil Laušman, Josef Macek, Josef Mareš, Ivan Markovič, Alfréd Meissner, Karel Moudrý, Jaromír Nečas, František Němec, František Neumeister, František Nový, Josef Patejdl, Luděk Pik, Jakub Polach, Antonín Remeš, Ferdinand Richter, Antonín Srba, Josef Stivín, Rudolf Tayerle, František Tymeš and Leopold Vaverka.

19 members of the Senate of Czechoslovakia belonged to the National Labour Party. These were Vilém Brodecký, Felix Časný, Vojtěch Dundr, Rudolf Havlík, Josef Chalupník, Betty Karpíšková, Tomáš Korvas, Emma Koutková, Alois Kříž, Rudolf Macek, František Modráček, František Müller, Jindřich Nentvich, Václav Němeček, Ján Pocisk, František Soukup, František Vácha, Arnošt Winter and František Zimák.

References

Czech National Social Party
Czech Social Democratic Party
Political parties in Czechoslovakia
Banned socialist parties


title: Cyphostemmin A

text:
Cyphostemmin A is an oligostilbene found in Cyphostemma crotalarioides (Vitaceae).

References

Resveratrol oligomers
Stilbenoid dimers


title: Cape Spencer Lighthouse (South Australia)

text:
Cape Spencer Lighthouse is a lighthouse in the Australian state of South Australia located on Cape Spencer on the Yorke Peninsula in gazetted locality of Inneston.  The navigation aid was originally established as an automatic beacon which was first lit in late 1950, was established after a lengthy period of lobbying of the Australian government.  The automatic beacon was replaced in 1975 by an automatic lighthouse facility.

See also

 List of lighthouses in Australia

References

External links

 Australian Maritime Safety Authority

Lighthouses in South Australia
Lighthouses completed in 1975
1950 establishments in Australia
Spencer Gulf
Investigator Strait
Yorke Peninsula


title: Somchandbhai Solanki

text:
Somchandbhai Solanki (31 December 1920 - 22 May 1985) was an Indian politician and was a Member of the Parliament of India in the 4th Lok Sabha and 5th Lok Sabha. He represented the Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency) of Gujarat and was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Other positions
Solanki was a social worker and Chairman for Krishna Kunj Cooperative Housing Society Ltd. Other titles he has held are as follows:
 Ahmedabad and Nilkanth Consumers' Cooperative Society - President
 Gujarat Pachchhat Verg Congress
 Kadi Pachchhat Verg Kalabani Uttejak Mandal, Kadi
 Gandhi Vidyarthi Ashram, Kadi
 Kadi Taluka Yuvak Sangh - Vice-President
 Morarji Satkar Committee
 Pachchhat Varg Kalyan Samaj

References

People from Gandhinagar district
1920 births
Indian National Congress politicians
1985 deaths
India MPs 1967–1970
India MPs 1971–1977
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat


title: Chingizid (moth)

text:
Chingizid is a genus of moths belonging to the family Cossidae. The genus was described by Yakovlev in 2011.

Species
Chingizid gobiana (Daniel, 1970)
Chingizid kosachevi Yakovlev, 2012
Chingizid transaltaica (Daniel, 1970)

References

Cossinae
Cossidae genera


title: Hemerocallis citrina

text:
Hemerocallis citrina, common names citron daylily and long yellow daylily,  is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asphodelaceae.

Description
Hemerocallis citrina can reach a height of . It has bright green, linear arching leaves about 40 cm long. Flowers are lemon yellow, trumpet-shaped, showy and very fragrant, about  in diameter. They bloom from June to July.

Long yellow day lily is cultivated in Asia for its edible flowers.

Distribution and habitat
This species is native to East Asia and China. It grows in forest margins, grassy fields and slopes, at an elevation of  above sea level.

Constituents
There is a belief that this plant contains colchicine. However, this plant doesn't have colchicine.

Culinary uses
The tubers, inflorescences, buds and flowers can all be cooked and eaten.

Dried or fresh flowers, sometimes called "gum jum" or "golden needles" () or as huánghuācài   (, ) are used in Chinese cuisine for dishes including hot and sour soup, daylily soup (金針花湯), Buddha's delight, and moo shu pork.

In Burmese, dried daylily flowers are called pangyauk (; ), and feature in several soups and Burmese salads, including kya zan hinga.

Toxicity
Consuming its raw or undercooked non-dried flowers may cause unwellness. Symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

References

External links

 Missouri Botanical Garden
 Tropicos
 The Plant List

 Flora of China Editorial Committee. 2000. Flora of China (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). 24: 1–431. In C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong Fl. China. Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis.

citrina
Chinese condiments
Chinese soups
Edible plants
Flora of China
Flora of Eastern Asia
Garden plants
Leaf vegetables
Plants described in 1897
Vegetarian dishes of China


title: Kutho

text:
Kutho () was a well known Burmese director and comedian, active from 1990s to 2010s. He started as a comedian at anyeints before becoming a director in show business. He shot a video in which reputed actor Dwe impersonated as a woman. He opened a food shop when the show business was declined later. Other contemporary comedians were Po Phyu, Kyaw Htoo, Kin Kaung, Myittar and Zaganar.

His son, Ponna Kutho, is also in film business.

Dead
He died at Aung Yadanar Hospital in Yangon on 15 June 2014 at the age of 61.

References

20th-century Burmese male actors
Burmese comedians
2014 deaths
Burmese film directors
21st-century Burmese male actors
Burmese male film actors
Year of birth missing


title: Cyphostemma crotalarioides

text:
Cyphostemma crotalarioides is a flowering plant species in the genus Cyphostemma found in Burkina Faso.

Cyphostemmin A and B can be found in the root of C. crotalarioides.

References

External links

crotalarioides