title: Nico Blake

text:
Nico Blake (also Bradley) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Persephone Swales-Dawson. The character made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 6 June 2014. The character and casting was announced on 20 May 2014. Nico is the daughter and niece of established twins characters Dodger Savage (Danny Mac) and Sienna Blake (Anna Passey), the adoptive daughter of Sienna's boyfriend Ben Bradley (Ben Richards), and the granddaughter of Sienna and Dodger's parents Patrick Blake (Jeremy Sheffield) and Anna Blake (Saskia Wickham) and the niece of their half-brother Will Savage (James Atherton) and their half-sisters Liberty Savage (Abi Phillips/Jessamy Stoddart) and Minnie Minniver, and a half-sister and cousin of Dodger's daughter Myra-Pocahontas Savage-McQueen.

Nico's prominent storylines include: a fraught relationship with Sienna and Patrick; kidney failure from the "End of the Line" train crash; discovering that Dodger is actually her biological father; a relationship with Dylan Jenkins (James Fletcher); accidentally killing Ben's daughter, Carly Bradley (Sophie Wise) with a paperweight; her crush on Jason Roscoe (Alfie Browne-Sykes) and stalking his girlfriend Holly Cunningham (Amanda Clapham); coldly murdering Patrick, who is terminally ill, by smothering him; attempting to murder Theresa McQueen (Jorgie Porter) for her kidney; pushing Will off the hospital roof; stabbing Sienna; suffering a heart attack when she requires another kidney transplant; murdering Dylan's father Trevor Royle (Greg Wood) by stabbing him on his wedding day to Grace Black (Tamara Wall); bullying cancer patient Jade Albright (Kassius Nelson) with her friend Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell), whom she later develops an unhealthy obsession with and holds hostage.

Nico was seemingly killed off on 1 November 2016, as part of the show's "Halloween Spooktacular" episodes. Nico becomes trapped in a maze by a fire and fallen debris after a final showdown with Sienna, which was caused by Peri's father, Cameron Campbell (Cameron Moore), after he discovers Nico's psychotic tendencies. She made an unannounced return on 15 May 2018, when she was revealed as Sienna's stalker. Following her return, her storylines included seemingly killing Sienna, however Sienna faked her own death in order to catch Nico; revealing herself to be heavily pregnant; attempting to kill Peri's friend Harley Frater (Mollie Lambert); holding Peri and Harley hostage; giving birth to her daughter and being killed by Sienna in self-defence.

In 2020, Nico made several appearances as a hallucination to Liberty Savage (Jessamy Stoddart), who starts to suffer from postnatal depression after giving birth to baby Faith.

Storylines

2014–2016
Nico arrives in the village and steals food from Dodger. He tries to help her out and she steals a bracelet belonging to Sienna. Nico is injured when Jason Roscoe (Alfie Browne-Sykes) throws bricks through Dodger's window. She later causes a fight with Jason and later Holly Cunningham (Amanda Clapham). She befriends Leela Lomax (Kirsty-Leigh Porter) to get closer to Sienna. She overhears Sienna telling Leela that she has found her daughter, but is disheartened to find out that Sienna believes it to be someone else. Unbeknownst to Nico, Patrick has manipulated Sienna into believing her daughter is elsewhere. Nico tells Sienna the truth but she slaps her and calls her a liar. Feeling rejected Nico reignites an old feud between Sienna and Nancy Osborne (Jessica Fox). Nico then attacks Nancy and plants Sienna's bracelet at the scene to frame her. Sienna eventually discovers that Nico is her true daughter and happily welcomes her into the family.

When Nico begins asking questions about her father's identity, Sienna becomes hostile towards her and asks her to stop asking questions. Nico then confides in her friend, Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell) about Sienna, and makes hurtful comments about her, just as Sienna enters the room. Sienna then decides to tell Nico about her father, and explains that he went into the army and when he returned, he wanted nothing more to do with Sienna or Nico. Nico then begins searching for her father, but Dodger realises that Sienna made his identity up after finding an author of the same name. In September, Patrick tells Sienna that Dodger is Nico's father, but Sienna keeps this from her. Nico has an argument with Sienna and they fall out, which leads to Nico boarding the McQueens' party train which also contains the McQueens, which crashes causing Nico to become injured. She is admitted to hospital, where Dr. Charles S'avage (Andrew Greenough) tells Sienna and Dodger that Nico was born with one kidney, that is failing and will need a transplant, but that Sienna and Dodger do not match Nico's kidney. Sienna is upset by this and turns for help. Theresa McQueen (Jorgie Porter) then tells Dodger that she will be tested to help Nico.

Theresa is found to be a match to help Nico and they go through with the transplant which is successful. Peri then starts looking through Patrick's things on Nico's request so she may find something that'll reveal who her dad is. When Peri finds a Christmas card Nico falsely assumes Patrick is her dad and confronts him, but Dodger tells her he is her dad shocking everyone in the Dog. Dodger told Nico that he and Sienna were separated when they were young, and they didn't recognize that he ends up in pregnant his own twin sister. Nico then tells Sienna she wants to go back into care, so Sienna kidnaps her and holds her hostage at her late mothers house along with Dodger. Nico manages to escape but in the process bangs her head. In February, Nico's uncle Will Savage (James Atherton) kidnaps her and attempts to kill her, so he can cause Dodger grief, but Nico pushes him off of the hospital roof. Dodger takes the blame for Nico and flees the country. When Will regains conscious he tells the police she pushed him, but before he can make a formal statement he is murdered by the Gloved Hand Killer. Nico is questioned by police over what Will said but Patrick tells her to do what Dodger did and say it was him. Nico takes illegal painkillers that Peri stole off Nancy which causes her to be hospitalized but she recovers. Later, when Nico finds Sienna's clothes in Dylan's belongings, she thinks Dylan is obsessed with her mother, so she angrily leaves Sienna to die when she suffers an allergic reaction from a bee sting. But then Dylan tells her the reason he took the top was because he was a cross-dresser, Nico runs to hospital, but because Dr. S'avage alerted social services to what she did, she is taken into care. She eventually moves back in with Sienna but poisons her soup as revenge. However Nico ends up eating the poisoned soup. She makes a full recovery and reconciles with Sienna.

Nico kills Carly Bradley (Sophie Wise) when she sees her attacking Sienna. Sienna helps her cover up the crime. Later, Sienna and Nico find out that Carly was Sienna's boyfriend, Ben Bradley's (Ben Richards) daughter after he told them about Carly's death. The next day, Nico was arrested for Carly's murder after her phone was found at Ben's house where Carly died. Later, she was released by the police. Two weeks later Nico finally tells Maxine Minniver (Nikki Sanderson) the truth about Carly's death. Nico also tells Dylan on the day he is sentenced to six months for dealing in legal highs. Dylan promises to keep Carly's death a secret before his death. Whilst Dylan was being murdered by the Gloved Hand Killer in Dee Valley Hospital, Nico was talking to Peri about being able to wait three months to see Dylan again when he gets released on license, Nico doesn't realise that Dylan was involved in an accident or he had died in hospital. When she hears the news of his death, Nico becomes distraught and confronts Trevor about his mistreatment towards Dylan. She helps Trevor by choosing what Dylan should be buried with and asks if she could have his phone. Nico then realizes that a mystery culprit was tormenting Dylan in his final days and presumes that it is Kyle Bigsby (Mitchell Hunt) so she punches him. Nico continue to message Dylan's tormentor unaware it's actually Kim Butterfield (Daisy Wood-Davis). Kim later tells Nico that it was her tormenting Dylan, Nico tells Dylan's father, Trevor Royle (Greg Wood) about it, but when he doesn't act upon it she decides that he didn't care enough about Dylan, so she frames him for Carly's murder and has him arrested.

Nico then locks Sienna in her room and starts a fire in the flat in order to make Ben see how much she means to him. However she panics that her plan backfired when Sienna isn't breathing, but she makes a full recovery. However, when Sienna points out that she is the reason they can't move forward due to her behavior, she books herself into a physiatrist and reveals to Sienna that she has kept Carly's ring, to remind herself that she is a monster. Sienna takes the ring off her, saying Carly's death was an accident, but they are seen with the ring by Trevor, unaware that Carly had stolen it off Ashley Davidson. Ashley later targets Sienna and Nico and kidnaps them, when Ashley attempts to hurt Nico, Sienna knocks her out with a gas can. Nico then freaks out saying its Carly all over again, but Sienna manages to calm her down.

Newcomer Alfie Nightingale (Richard Linnell) tries to befriend Nico by setting off a bunch of fireworks off the bridge, however the sparks set off the box and almost fall on top of her, but Jason Roscoe manages to save her. She is touched when he listens to her as she talks about Dylan's death and how it made her feel. His actions cause her to develop a crush on him, and when she sees his evidence board about the Gloved Hand Killers victims while returning his wallet, she decides to help. She then accuses Kim of being the killer, due to the way she treated Dylan just before his death, unaware the killer is her sister Lindsey. Nico's crush on Jason grows stronger and this leads to her setting up his girlfriend, Holly, in order to spend time alone with him. Nico then finds a bunch of flowers in her locker identical to the ones she saw Jason buying earlier, leading her to believe that he feels the same way, unaware they're actually from Alfie. Nico later attacks Holly in her home but Jason walks in and stops her.

In January 2016, Nico is shocked when she discovers that Patrick is planning on framing Maxine for his murder and agrees to help. She is furious when she finds out that Patrick left Ben a video telling him that Nico killed Carly. She confronts Patrick and knowing that all the evidence will point towards Maxine, she picks up a pillow and apologizes to Patrick before smothering him. She is shocked when Patricks body disappears but is relieved when the police find his wheelchair on top of a cliff.

Nico stops taking her anti-rejection medication and needs a new kidney transplant. She plans on killing Theresa for her kidney. While Theresa is running Nico a bath, Nico stands menacingly behind her contemplating on pushing her in but her plan fails. She spikes a bottle of wine and plans on giving it to Theresa. Nico is annoyed when she has to have a dialysis instead of going to Peri's party.  Theresa surprises Nico with her own two person party and Nico has a change of heart about killing her, but Theresa finds the bottle and drinks it and Nico panics when she collapses. Sienna finds Theresa and calls an ambulance and convinces Nico that she won't get caught. Theresa is taken to hospital and survives and Sienna gets rid of the evidence. Frightened, she calls Ben and tells him that Nico is out of control which Nico overhears. Angry that Sienna betrayed her, Nico attacks Sienna with the bottle smashing it. Sienna apologizes to Nico and they hug. Nico tells Sienna that she stabbed her in the back like Patrick did and stabs Sienna with a broken piece of glass leaving Sienna bleeding heavily. Nico leaves Sienna to die but she is found by Grace Black (Tamara Wall) and Trevor and is taken to hospital and makes a full recovery. Sienna forgives Nico for stabbing her and they agree to forget all about it.

Nico is delighted when Sienna and Ben get married, however, her happiness is short lived when she discovers that Sienna was having an affair with Trevor. Angry that Trevor almost ripped her family apart, she unexpectedly turns up at the church to give him a good luck hug before stabbing him in the chest. Instead of calling an ambulance, Trevor painfully goes through the wedding with Grace before collapsing in her arms dying, leaving Grace, as well as Sienna, distraught. Ben finds out that Nico is responsible for killing Trevor and confesses to the crime to protect his stepdaughter unaware of her other murders. Sienna pays a visit to Ben in prison and demands to know why he killed the love of her life. Ben tells Sienna that it was Nico, shocking Sienna. Sienna decides to report Nico to the police, prompting a terrified Nico to flee the village with the help if Maxine, who she blackmailed because Nico knew that she buried Patrick's body.

Nico returns a few weeks later and it is revealed that she is working with the police to send Maxine to prison for Patrick's murder, much to Sienna's shock. Sienna tries to convince DS Gavin Armstrong (Andrew Hayden-Smith) that they cannot believe a word that Nico says. When they are alone, Nico persuades Sienna to help get Maxine sent down for Patrick's murder, but Sienna is still angry at Nico for killing Trevor. Nico confronts Maxine at the flat and accuses her of being responsible for Patrick's death. She tries to kill Maxine with a trophy but Sienna saves her and shouts at Nico to get out. Sienna and Nico later meet up and it turns out that there working together to send Maxine to prison.

When Tom becomes close with his foster sister Jade Albright (Kassius Nelson), Peri becomes jealous and starts bullying her, alongside Nico. Nico and Peri decide to set Jade and Alfie up on a date and Nico deliberately gives Jade an awful makeover. Alfie is surprised by Jade's makeover, leaving Jade upset. Alfie spills lemonade on Peri's clothes so she changed into one of Alfie's T-shirts. Jade is shocked to see Peri in Alfie's T-shirt and she lies saying that her and Alfie had sex. Jade is furious but later discovers what Nico and Peri are doing. Just as Jade goes up on the stage at the school assembly, Nico pulls of Jade's wig, leaving her humiliated and self-conscious. Believing the wig stunt was a step to far, Peri starts to feel guilty and reports Nico to the headteacher Sally St. Claire (Annie Wallace) and Nico is expelled. Nico discovers that Peri told on her and as revenge, she persuades Peri to go on a camping trip with her in the woods. In the woods, Nico deliberately locks them in an abandoned bunker and when Peri realises that there trapped, she screams for help. Nico begins scaring her with horror stories and later reveals that she purposely locked them up as revenge for Peri getting her expelled. When Peri bangs on the door for help, the ceiling collapses on her, knocking her unconscious. She awakens, but passes out again from dehydration. Peri and Nico are later found by Leela, Sienna, Cameron Campbell (Cameron Moore) and Warren Fox (Jamie Lomas).

Nico develops an unhealthy obsession with Peri. She tries to kiss Peri but she rejects her, saying that they are friends and nothing more. As Peri runs away, she stumbles onto Patrick's corpse. When Jade tells Tom that Peri bullied her, he tells Peri to never talk to him again. Assuring Peri that she will make Tom forgive her, Nico gives Peri aftershave that she poisoned, to give to Tom. In a special Point of view week of episodes focusing entirely on Patrick's murder investigation, Peri discovers that Nico poisoned Tom. Although she denied it, Peri tried to put on the aftershave but Nico knocked it out of her hand. She explains that she did it for Peri and contemplates on telling her about Patrick but is interrupted by Nancy before she can say anything. Nico tells the police that she thinks Sienna killed Patrick and when they are alone, Sienna asks Nico who put her up to this before realising that it was Nico who murdered Patrick. Sienna confessed to the crime to protect Nico and is charged with murder.

In October 2016, Nico becomes annoyed when Cameron won't let Peri go out. As revenge, Peri spikes his drink but stops him from drinking it. They plan to trap him in the lift but they accidentally trap a pregnant Maxine. Maxine collapses and is rushed to hospital, but is told that she miscarried, leaving Nico and Peri feeling guilty.

Nico's obsession of Peri spirals out of control. She drugs and kidnaps Peri, locking her in the bunker again. Peri begs Nico to let her go but she refuses. Nico confesses all of her crimes to Peri, scaring her. Maxine and Warren, who now know that Nico is Patrick's real killer, convince Sienna to tell the police the truth. Sienna is released from prison and the police begin a manhunt for Nico. Nico turns her attentions to Tom and targets him at the "Halloween Spooktacular". Peri is found and taken to hospital where she tells Leela and Cameron about Nico's crimes, infuriating Cameron who vows revenge. While the police search for Nico, she traps Tom in the tent and blames him for getting in the way of her and Peri.

She attacks Tom with a globe but Tom's sister Jude Cunningham (Davinia Taylor) pushes her off him, knocking her unconscious. The police go in to get Nico but she disappears and Sienna sees her going into the maze and follows her in. Cameron also witnesses her go in and he sets the maze on fire as revenge. Sienna finds her and they have a heart to heart. However, Sienna refers to Nico as Sophie and Nico  angrily tells her that she's Nico and that she's not her daughter.

Sienna notices the fire and they try to escape. Nico kicks down a wall but a different wall collapses on top of them trapping them. Warren comes to rescue them. He rescues Sienna, however, she begs Warren to save Nico. She tells Nico that she loves her but Nico heartlessly replies saying that she hates her. Warren and Sienna escape and the crowd watch in horror as the maze collapses down on top of Nico.

2018
After being stalked by an unknown person for weeks, Sienna's computer is hacked with a countdown clock. Once it reaches zero, there's a knock at the door and Sienna opens its and finds a toy monkey in the hallway. She goes outside to find who delivered it but can't see anyone. Upon returning to the flat, she finds a hooded figure holding Sebastian who is revealed to be Nico. A shocked Sienna confronts Nico and Nico tells her how she escaped the fire. Sienna calls Joel Dexter (Rory Douglas-Speed) for help but Cleo McQueen (Nadine Rose Mulkerrin) answers it and doesn't believe Sienna. An angry Nico attacks Sienna and stabs her before escaping. Nico is spotted by Myra McQueen (Nicole Barber-Lane) but disappears. Sienna comes out and hands Sebastian to Joel before collapsing. At the hospital, Sienna goes into cardiac arrest and dies.

The police decide to use Sienna's funeral to catch Nico. At first, Joel and Myra refuse but decide to go along with it. Nico takes Sebastian from the hospital when he is taken there by Sally after falling ill. Nico heads to the hospital roof since the police had swarmed the hospital. She is being followed by someone dressed in black, who is revealed to be Sienna, still alive. She had been working with the police, including Ben's son Josh Bradley (Rupert Hill) to catch Nico.

Sienna confronts Nico on the rooftop and demands that she hands over Sebastian. Sienna persuades Nico to hand herself in but Nico pulls down her jumper and reveals that she is heavily pregnant. Nico begs Sienna to help her change and to be a better person, but before she can say anything, Warren shows up. Warren forces Sienna to choose between him and the twins or Nico. An emotional Sienna tells Nico that she needs to face justice, but Nico is furious and tries to push her off the roof. Warren takes Sebastian and runs before locking the door. Josh heads to the roof but Sienna and Nico are nowhere to be seen. It is revealed that Sienna is hiding a pregnant Nico at her flat.

Nico is angry when she discovers that Peri has a new friend called Harley Frater (Mollie Lambert). Nico goes to Harley's birthday party and since it is a fancy dress party no one recognises her. She overhears an argument between Peri and Harley and confronts Harley outside. She tries to push Harley down the steps but is interrupted by Peri. Sienna witnesses this and takes Nico home. Believing Nico to be a danger to herself, Sienna locks her in her room. Nico becomes bored inside her room so Sienna suggests that she goes knitting. While they are knitting, she hides a needle up her sleeve. Later, she unlocks the door with the needle and tries to escape but Joel arrives so she hides. Nico knocks something so Sienna kisses Joel to distract him. Sienna takes Nico for her scan and Nico is worried that her baby is dead. The baby is fine but they are alarmed when the nurse leaves to check something so Sienna follows her. When Sienna comes back, Nico is gone. Nico spies on Peri and Harley and when they are alone in the garage, Nico knocks out Harley and ties them up. Nico tries to persuade Peri to run away with her but Harley wakes up and calls her mad, making Nico angry. Peri refuses to leave with her, so Nico leaves to get her some "farewell flowers" like she gave to Tom. When she leaves the garage, she goes into labour. She rushes home to Sienna and Sienna helps deliver the baby which she calls Victoria. Nico tells the baby that in the morning she will kill Peri which Sienna overhears. Sienna confronts Nico over this and Nico threatens her. Sienna calls Joel and when he arrives she hands him Victoria and tells him to take her to the hospital. Nico comes out of her room and is furious when she discovers that Sienna gave away her baby. She attacks Sienna but Leela comes in and pulls her off Sienna but accidentally pushes her against a table. Nico wakes up and screams "I hate You" at Sienna and pushes Leela. She stands over Sienna and tries to kill her with a glass vase, but Sienna hits her with a doorstep, killing her.

A distraught Sienna decides to call the police but Leela convinces her to move to Spain like she planned. Sienna agrees and says goodbye to Victoria in the hospital. She meets up with Josh in the village and confesses to killing Nico. Sienna is arrested for her murder, but is eventually released when it is declared self-defence.

Casting
The casting of Nico was announced on 20 May 2014. Daniel Kilkelly from Digital Spy reported that Nico arrives in Hollyoaks and meets Dodger Savage (Danny Mac). He takes pity on her and gives her food. A show spokesperson added "Is this girl just a passing tearaway teenager? Or could tihere perhaps be something more?" It was soon announced that Nico is the long-lost daughter of Sienna Blake (Anna Passey). But Patrick Blake (Jeremy Sheffield) intervenes to ruin Nico and Sienna's chances of becoming acquainted. His scams include paying Nico's adoptive mother Denise (Janet Bamford) to trick Sienna into believing someone else is her daughter. When Nico tells Sienna that she is her daughter she is dismissed as a liar. This prompts Nico to begin a revenge campaign.

Development

Characterisation
According to Channel 4's official Hollyoaks page Nico is "intelligent, funny, but with quite a dark streak", as well as being quite mature for her age, as a result from going to care home to care home. It also mentions that although Nico has a tendency to push people away, this is down to a fear of rejection and in reality she just wants "to be loved and to be a part of a real family" and that she is "looking for a place in the world."

In an interview at the British Soap Awards 2015, Anna Passey commented that Sienna had "spawned a devil child". It was also noted by Daniel Kilkelly, that Nico would begin to show a dark streak. This was later confirmed to be true, when Sienna confronted her regarding the murder of Carley, Patrick and Trevor, Nico refused to believe that she had done anything wrong, demonstrating true psychopathic behaviour. Persephone Swale-Dawson later commented that Nico was developing a "sinister streak."

Parentage
Nico arrives in the village as the long-lost daughter of Sienna Blake. Although she knows that Sienna is her mother, Sienna believes otherwise due to her being told by her father, Patrick, that her daughter is someone else. Although Sienna, initially disbelieves Nico, she starts investigating her claim after suspecting that she has something to do with Nancy Osborne (Jessica Fox) finding out about her new job, which leads to Sienna finally recognizing that Nico is her daughter.

Upon their reunion, Anna Passey noted that their reunion wasn't what Sienna was expecting, and that when she finds out that Patrick threatened Nico to stay away, Sienna would be heartbroken. Passey also commented how both characters would have an interesting time ahead of them as neither of them is what the other one was expecting, with Passey noting how Sienna isn't "necessarily mum material!" Hollyoaks producer Bryan Kirkwood also refused to answer whether Sienna and Nico would be able to keep their happily ever after.

On 5 August 2014, it was announced that Nico would begin searching for her true father after deciding that he would be a better carer to live with due to Sienna's latest malicious act. However, it was hinted that Nico's search could end in peril as she believes Sienna's lies about her father being called Ben Baxter and agrees to meet up with a man bearing that name. On 4 September 2014, it was announced that Dodger Savage (Danny Mac), Sienna's twin brother, was Nico's father. It was discover that Dodger and Sienna had met briefly years ago, and slept together, without knowing they were twins. A spokesperson told Digital Spy today: "Sienna and Dodger were estranged as children and each did not discover they had a twin until adulthood. When Nico was conceived 14 years ago, it was a chance meeting and they did not know that they were related."  In an interview with Danny Mac, conducted at the Inside Soap Awards 2014, Daniel Kilkelly noted how some fans loved the twist with Dodger being Nico's father, whereas others hated it. Danny Mac commented that when Dodger finds out he will feel "physically sick", as he never could have "thought this could have been possible." He also said that Dodger would strive to do the right thing, even if he didn't know what that was. In an interview with Digital Spy, Bryan Kirkwood stated that Dodger being the father of Nico had been discussed "right from the start", and that they pushed Dodger being the father due to the audience thinking that it was going to be Patrick, Sienna's father.

Murder of Carly Bradley
In early August 2015, Nico murdered Carly Bradley (Sophie Wise) while protecting her mother Sienna. It was announced afterwards that Nico would go on a dark streak, though Persephone Swales-Dawson admitted that she always knew that Nico would go down a dark path, she didn't think it'd be something "on the level of this!" It was also announced that Sienna would become scared of Nico, with Anna Passey commenting that Sienna would start wondering "What on earth have I [Sienna] created?"

Departure
On 1 November 2016, Nico was killed off as part of the show's "autumn stunt week" set at a Halloween Spooktacular. Nico was in the maze with her mother Sienna when Cameron Campbell (Cameron Moore) set it on fire, hoping to get revenge on Nico for almost killing Peri. Both Nico and Sienna became trapped by debris and Sienna's partner Warren Fox (Jamie Lomas) made the decision to save Sienna instead of Nico. The maze then collapses with Nico still inside. In a video released by the show following the episode's broadcast, Swales-Dawson commented "Nico might be gone, but I've had fun playing her. I think the thing I'm going to miss most about Hollyoaks is the crazy storylines."

Nico was killed off once again by her mother Sienna Blake, after hitting her over the head with a door stopper. Nico departed the serial on 22 June 2018.

Return (2018)

In January 2018, an unknown culprit began stalking Sienna and after months of psychological torture and anguish, in May 2018 it was revealed that Nico was Sienna's stalker, having survived the structure fire in November 2016.

Reception
In an interview with Digital Spy, Anna Passey commented that Persephone Swales-Dawson was "fabulous", and "believable as Sienna's daughter". Nico's parentage storyline was nominated by All About Soap as part of its "Best Soap Moments Of 2014 awards". Swales-Dawson won the accolade of "Best Bad Girl" at The Inside Soap Awards 2016. A reporter writing for the Inside Soap Yearbook included Nico's attempt at murdering Tom by poisoned aftershave in their "A to Z" list, noting that it was "a soap first", before praising her for her "psychopathic ingenuity" Nico's return was nominated for Biggest OMG Soap moment at the 2018 Digital Spy Reader Awards; it came in sixth place with 7.5% of the total votes.

See also
 List of Hollyoaks characters (2014)
 List of soap opera villains

References

Hollyoaks characters
Fictional offspring of incestuous relationships
Television characters introduced in 2014
Fictional stalkers
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional female serial killers
Fictional bullies
Female villains
Fictional murdered people
Fictional teenage parents
Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders
Fictional bisexual women
LGBT villains
Fictional homeless people
LGBT and homelessness
Fictional LGBT characters in television
Fictional criminals in soap operas
British female characters in television
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead


title: Kistormás

text:
Kistormás is a village in Tolna county, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Sierra Leone at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Sierra Leone competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Women
Track & road events

Boxing

Men

Cycling

Road
Men

Judo

Men

Squash

Individual

Doubles

Table Tennis

Singles

Doubles

Weightlifting

Men

Wrestling

Men's freestyle

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sierra Leone at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Sierra Leonean sport


title: Solomon Islands at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Solomon Islands competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014. Participating in their eighth Commonwealth Games, the Solomons have never yet won a medal.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Women
Track & road events

Judo

Men

Table Tennis

Singles

Triathlon

Individual

Weightlifting

Men

Women

Wrestling

Men's freestyle

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Solomon Islands at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Solomon Islands sport


title: South Africa at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
South Africa competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July – 3 August 2014. It is the sixth occasion that South Africa has been represented at the Commonwealth Games since re-joining the Commonwealth in 1994 after a break of 33 years during the international sports isolation period. The squad is spread over 15 codes, from aquatics to wrestling.

Medalists

* - Indicates the athlete competed in preliminaries but not the final

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Field Events

Combined events – Decathlon

Women
Track & road events

Field Events

Badminton

Mixed team

Pool E

Boxing

Men

Cycling

Mountain biking

Road
Women

Track
Sprint

Pursuit

Time trial

Points race

Scratch race

Keirin

Field hockey

Men's tournament

Pool A

Fifth and sixth place

Women's tournament

Pool A

Semifinals

Bronze medal match

Gymnastics

Artistic
Men

Individual all around final

Women

Individual all around final

Individual finals

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Team

Individual

Individual finals

Judo

Men

Women

Lawn Bowls

Men

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Netball

Pool B

Rugby sevens

South Africa has qualified a rugby sevens team.

Quarter final

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Gold medal match

Shooting

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Men

Women

Qualifiers for the latter rounds (Q) of all events were decided on a time only basis, therefore positions shown are overall results versus competitors in all heats.
* – Indicates athlete swam in the preliminaries but not in the final race.

Triathlon

Mixed Team

Weightlifting

Men

Women

 Powerlifting

Wrestling

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
South Africa at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in South African sport


title: 2014 Distal & ITR Group Tennis Cup – Doubles

text:
Santiago Giraldo and Cristian Rodríguez were the defending champion but Giraldo did not participate that year. Rodríguez played alongside Enrico Fioravante and they lost in the First Round.

Guillermo Durán and Máximo González won the title, defeating Riccardo Ghedin and Claudio Grassi in the final, 6–1, 3–6, [10–7].

Seeds

 Guillermo Durán /  Máximo González (champions)
 Riccardo Ghedin /  Claudio Grassi (final)
 Stephan Fransen /  Wesley Koolhof (quarterfinals)
 Roberto Maytín /  Andrés Molteni (semifinals)

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

Distal and ITR Group Tennis Cup - Doubles
2014 - Doubles


title: Oregon Volunteers

text:
Oregon Volunteers may refer to:

1st Oregon Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, who served in the U.S. Civil War, 1862–1866
1st Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment, who served in the U.S. Civil War, 1864–1867
2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment, who served in the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War, 1898–1899
Oregon Mounted Volunteers, who served in the Rogue River Wars and other conflicts with Native Americans in the American West, active in the 1850s
Oregon Rangers, a short-lived militia, active 1844–1846
Oregon Rifles, a short-lived militia, formed in 1847
Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, later known as the 3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States), incorrectly (as they were regular army), when they marched to the Oregon Territory in 1849


title: Koppányszántó

text:
Koppányszántó is a village in Tolna county, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Consensus history

text:
Consensus history is a term used to define a style of American historiography and classify a group of historians who emphasize the basic unity of American values and the American national character and downplay conflicts, especially conflicts along class lines, as superficial and lacking in complexity. The term originated with historian John Higham, who coined it in a 1959 article in Commentary titled "The Cult of the American Consensus". Consensus history saw its primary period of influence in the 1950s, and it remained the dominant mode of American history until historians of the New Left began to challenge it in the 1960s.

Meaning

In 1959, John Higham developed the concept of an emerging consensus among historians that he saw as based on the search for "a placid, unexciting past" as part of "a massive grading operation to smooth over America's social convulsions." Higham named his research concept critically a "Cult of the American Consensus". Higham felt the conservative frame of reference was creating a "paralyzing incapacity to deal with the elements of spontaneity, effervescence, and violence in American history". He maintained it had "a deadening effect on the historian’s ability to take a conflict of ideas seriously." Either he disbelieves in the conflict itself (Americans having been pretty much of one mind), or he trivializes it into a set of psychological adjustments to institutional change. In either case, the current fog of complacency, flecked with anxiety, spreads backward over the American past.

Peter Novick identified Richard Hofstadter and Louis Hartz as leading "liberal consensus historians" and Daniel J. Boorstin as a "leading conservative consensus historian". Novick includes as other prominent leaders David M. Potter, Perry Miller, Clinton Rossiter, Henry Steele Commager, Allan Nevins and Edmund Morgan. Consensus history rejected the concept of the central role of class conflict and all kinds of other social divisions that were prevalent in the older "Progressive" historiography, as articulated especially by Charles A. Beard, Frederick Jackson Turner, and Vernon L. Parrington.

The concept of consensus history was viewed as one-sided and harmonizing conflicting forces from the very beginning, but especially by New Left historians in the 1960s, who again stressed the central roles of economic classes, adding racism and gender inequality as two other roots of social and political conflicts.

Richard Hofstadter

The term was widely applied to his revision of the supposedly Beardian idea that a fundamental class conflict was the only key to understanding history. After 1945, Hofstadter identified with a political liberalism that seemed similar to the views of other "consensus historians". Hofstadter rejected the term, because in his view conflict, also on economic terms, remained an essential aspect of political development.

The general misunderstanding of Hofstadter as an adherent of "consensus history" can be found in Eric Foner's statement that Hofstadter's book The American Political Tradition (1948) "propelled him to the very forefront of his profession." Foner argues:

Hofstadter in 1948, thus rejected the extremely simplified black-and-white polarization between pro- and anti-business politicians as early as his American Political Tradition (1948). But he was still viewing politics from a critical left-wing perspective. Making explicit reference to Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, Cleveland, Bryan, Wilson, and Hoover, Hofstadter made a statement on the consensus in the American political tradition, which is sometimes seen as "ironic": "The fierceness of the political struggles has often been misleading...the major political traditions have shared a belief in the rights of property, the philosophy of economic individualism, the value of competition; they have accepted the economic virtues of capitalist culture as necessary qualities of man." Hofstadter later complained that this remark in a hastily written preface requested by the editor had been the reason for "lumping him" unfairly into the category of "consensus historians" like Boorstin, who celebrated this kind of ideological consensus as an achievement, whereas Hofstadter deplored it. In the former draft preface he had written, that American politics "has always been an arena in which conflicts of interests have been fought out, compromised, adjusted. Once these interests were sectional; now they tend more clearly to follow class lines; but from the beginning American political parties.....have been intersectional and interclass parties, embracing a jumble of interests which often have reasons for contesting among themselves."

Thus, Hofstadter modified Beard's interpretation of history as a succession of mainly socio-economic group conflicts without completely abandoning it. He thought that in almost all previous periods of the history of the United States, except the Civil War, there was an implicit fundamental consensus, shared by antagonists, explaining that the generation of Beard and Vernon Louis Parrington had "put such an excessive emphasis on conflict, that an antidote was needed." With a sociological understanding Hofstadter saw that "a political society cannot hang together, at all, unless there is some kind of consensus running through it". On the other hand, he did not minimize conflicts within such a society as "...no society as such a total consensus as to be devoid of significant conflict." There was one total failure of consensus he admitted, which led to the Civil War.

Hofstadter himself expressed his dislike of the term consensus historian several times. He also criticized Boorstin for overusing the consensus and ignoring the essential conflicts in history.

The post-1945 era was depicted by consensus historians as a harmonious return to the past, argues Lary May. He says that Hofstadter, Hartz and Boorstin believed that "the prosperity and apparent class harmony" after 1945 reflected "a return to the true Americanism rooted in liberal capitalism." The New Deal was seen as a conservative movement that led to the building of a welfare state that saved liberal capitalism instead of transforming it. Contrary to May, Christopher Lasch wrote that unlike the "consensus historians" of the 1950s, Hofstadter saw the consensus of classes on behalf of business interests not as a strength but "as a form of intellectual bankruptcy and as a reflection, moreover, not of a healthy sense of the practical but of the domination of American political thought by popular mythologies".

See also

 Historiography of the United States

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

Historiography of the United States


title: 935 Lies

text:
935 Lies: The Future of Truth and the Decline of America's Moral Integrity is a book written by investigative journalist Charles Lewis, published by PublicAffairs in 2014, as an exploration of the many ways truth is manipulated by governments and corporations. The title is a reference to the number of times the George W. Bush and seven top officials of his administration lied to the American public about the national security threat posed by Iraq prior to the 2003 invasion.

Media attention
The Wall Street Journal said the book was "one of the toughest critiques of television news ever written by an insider".

Lewis appeared on the June 27, 2014, episode of Moyers & Company.

References

External links
935 Lies Official Book Website

2014 non-fiction books
Books about media bias
Books about politics of the United States
PublicAffairs books


title: Evaluation of binary classifiers

text:
The evaluation of binary classifiers compares two methods of assigning a binary attribute, one of which is usually a standard method and the other is being investigated. There are many metrics that can be used to measure the performance of a classifier or predictor; different fields have different preferences for specific metrics due to different goals. For example, in medicine sensitivity and specificity are often used, while in computer science precision and recall are preferred. An important distinction is between metrics that are independent on the prevalence (how often each category occurs in the population), and metrics that depend on the prevalence – both types are useful, but they have very different properties.

Probabilistic classification models go beyond providing binary outputs and instead produce probability scores for each class. These models are designed to assess the likelihood or probability of an instance belonging to different classes. In the context of evaluating probabilistic classifiers, alternative evaluation metrics have been developed to properly assess the performance of these models. These metrics take into account the probabilistic nature of the classifier's output and provide a more comprehensive assessment of its effectiveness in assigning accurate probabilities to different classes. These evaluation metrics aim to capture the degree of calibration, discrimination, and overall accuracy of the probabilistic classifier's predictions.

Contingency table

Given a data set, a classification (the output of a classifier on that set) gives two numbers: the number of positives and the number of negatives, which add up to the total size of the set. To evaluate a classifier, one compares its output to another reference classification – ideally a perfect classification, but in practice the output of another gold standard test – and cross tabulates the data into a 2×2 contingency table, comparing the two classifications. One then evaluates the classifier relative to the gold standard by computing summary statistics of these 4 numbers. Generally these statistics will be scale invariant (scaling all the numbers by the same factor does not change the output), to make them independent of population size, which is achieved by using ratios of homogeneous functions, most simply homogeneous linear or homogeneous quadratic functions.

Say we test some people for the presence of a disease. Some of these people have the disease, and our test correctly says they are positive. They are called true positives (TP). Some have the disease, but the test incorrectly claims they don't. They are called false negatives (FN). Some don't have the disease, and the test says they don't – true negatives (TN). Finally, there might be healthy people who have a positive test result – false positives (FP). These can be arranged into a 2×2 contingency table (confusion matrix), conventionally with the test result on the vertical axis and the actual condition on the horizontal axis.

These numbers can then be totaled, yielding both a grand total and marginal totals. Totaling the entire table, the number of true positives, false negatives, true negatives, and false positives add up to 100% of the set. Totaling the columns (adding vertically) the number of true positives and false positives add up to 100% of the test positives, and likewise for negatives. Totaling the rows (adding horizontally), the number of true positives and false negatives add up to 100% of the condition positives (conversely for negatives). The basic marginal ratio statistics are obtained by dividing the 2×2=4 values in the table by the marginal totals (either rows or columns), yielding 2 auxiliary 2×2 tables, for a total of 8 ratios. These ratios come in 4 complementary pairs, each pair summing to 1, and so each of these derived 2×2 tables can be summarized as a pair of 2 numbers, together with their complements. Further statistics can be obtained by taking ratios of these ratios, ratios of ratios, or more complicated functions.

The contingency table and the most common derived ratios are summarized below; see sequel for details.

Note that the rows correspond to the condition actually being positive or negative (or classified as such by the gold standard), as indicated by the color-coding, and the associated statistics are prevalence-independent, while the columns correspond to the test being positive or negative, and the associated statistics are prevalence-dependent. There are analogous likelihood ratios for prediction values, but these are less commonly used, and not depicted above.

Sensitivity and specificity

The fundamental prevalence-independent statistics are sensitivity and specificity.

Sensitivity or True Positive Rate (TPR), also known as recall, is the proportion of people that tested positive and are positive (True Positive, TP) of all the people that actually are positive (Condition Positive, CP = TP + FN). It can be seen as the probability that the test is positive given that the patient is sick. With higher sensitivity, fewer actual cases of disease go undetected (or, in the case of the factory quality control, fewer faulty products go to the market).

Specificity (SPC) or True Negative Rate (TNR) is the proportion of people that tested negative and are negative (True Negative, TN) of all the people that actually are negative (Condition Negative, CN = TN + FP). As with sensitivity, it can be looked at as the probability that the test result is negative given that the patient is not sick. With higher specificity, fewer healthy people are labeled as sick (or, in the factory case, fewer good products are discarded).

The relationship between sensitivity and specificity, as well as the performance of the classifier, can be visualized and studied using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.

In theory, sensitivity and specificity are independent in the sense that it is possible to achieve 100% in both (such as in the red/blue ball example given above). In more practical, less contrived instances, however, there is usually a trade-off, such that they are inversely proportional to one another to some extent. This is because we rarely measure the actual thing we would like to classify; rather, we generally measure an indicator of the thing we would like to classify, referred to as a surrogate marker. The reason why 100% is achievable in the ball example is because redness and blueness is determined by directly detecting redness and blueness. However, indicators are sometimes compromised, such as when non-indicators mimic indicators or when indicators are time-dependent, only becoming evident after a certain lag time. The following example of a pregnancy test will make use of such an indicator.

Modern pregnancy tests do not use the pregnancy itself to determine pregnancy status; rather, human chorionic gonadotropin is used, or hCG, present in the urine of gravid females, as a surrogate marker to indicate that a woman is pregnant. Because hCG can also be produced by a tumor, the specificity of modern pregnancy tests cannot be 100% (because false positives are possible). Also, because hCG is present in the urine in such small concentrations after fertilization and early embryogenesis, the sensitivity of modern pregnancy tests cannot be 100% (because false negatives are possible).

Likelihood ratios

Positive and negative predictive values

In addition to sensitivity and specificity, the performance of a binary classification test can be measured with positive predictive value (PPV), also known as precision, and negative predictive value (NPV). The positive prediction value answers the question "If the test result is positive, how well does that predict an actual presence of disease?". It is calculated as TP/(TP + FP); that is, it is the proportion of true positives out of all positive results. The negative prediction value is the same, but for negatives, naturally.

Impact of prevalence on prediction values
Prevalence has a significant impact on prediction values. As an example, suppose there is a test for a disease with 99% sensitivity and 99% specificity. If 2000 people are tested and the prevalence (in the sample) is 50%, 1000 of them are sick and 1000 of them are healthy. Thus about 990 true positives and 990 true negatives are likely, with 10 false positives and 10 false negatives. The positive and negative prediction values would be 99%, so there can be high confidence in the result.

However, if the prevalence is only 5%, so of the 2000 people only 100 are really sick, then the prediction values change significantly. The likely result is 99 true positives, 1 false negative, 1881 true negatives and 19 false positives. Of the 19+99 people tested positive, only 99 really have the disease – that means, intuitively, that given that a patient's test result is positive, there is only 84% chance that they really have the disease. On the other hand, given that the patient's test result is negative, there is only 1 chance in 1882, or 0.05% probability, that the patient has the disease despite the test result.

Likelihood ratios

Precision and recall

Precision and recall can be interpreted as (estimated) conditional probabilities:
Precision is given by  while recall is given by , where  is the predicted class and  is the actual class.
Both quantities are therefore connected by Bayes' theorem.

Relationships
There are various relationships between these ratios.

If the prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are known, the positive predictive value can be obtained from the following identity:

If the prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are known, the negative predictive value can be obtained from the following identity:

Single metrics
In addition to the paired metrics, there are also single metrics that give a single number to evaluate the test.

Perhaps the simplest statistic is accuracy or fraction correct (FC), which measures the fraction of all instances that are correctly categorized; it is the ratio of the number of correct classifications to the total number of correct or incorrect classifications: (TP + TN)/total population = (TP + TN)/(TP + TN + FP + FN). As such, it compares estimates of pre- and post-test probability. This measure is prevalence-dependent. If 90% of people with COVID symptoms don't have COVID, the prior probability P(-) is 0.9, and the simple rule "Classify all such patients as COVID-free." would be 90% accurate. Diagnosis should be better than that. One can construct a "One-proportion z-test" with p0 as max(priors) = max(P(-),P(+)) for a diagnostic method hoping to beat a simple rule using the most likely outcome. Here, the hypotheses are "Ho: p ≤ 0.9 vs. Ha: p > 0.9", rejecting Ho for large values of z. One diagnostic rule could be compared to another if the other's accuracy is known and substituted for p0 in calculating the z statistic. If not known and calculated from data, an accuracy comparison test could be made using "Two-proportion z-test, pooled for Ho: p1 = p2". Not used very much is the complementary statistic, the fraction incorrect (FiC): FC + FiC = 1, or (FP + FN)/(TP + TN + FP + FN) – this is the sum of the antidiagonal, divided by the total population. Cost-weighted fractions incorrect could compare expected costs of misclassification for different methods.

The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) can be a more useful overall metric, which can be defined directly as (TP×TN)/(FP×FN) = (TP/FN)/(FP/TN), or indirectly as a ratio of ratio of ratios (ratio of likelihood ratios, which are themselves ratios of true rates or prediction values). This has a useful interpretation – as an odds ratio – and is prevalence-independent. Likelihood ratio is generally considered to be prevalence-independent and is easily interpreted as the multiplier to turn prior probabilities into posterior probabilities. Another useful single measure is "area under the ROC curve", AUC.

Alternative metrics
An F-score is a combination of the precision and the recall, providing a single score. There is a one-parameter family of statistics, with parameter β, which determines the relative weights of precision and recall. The traditional or balanced F-score (F1 score) is the harmonic mean of precision and recall:

.

F-scores do not take the true negative rate into account and, therefore, are more suited to information retrieval and information extraction evaluation where the true negatives are innumerable. Instead, measures such as the phi coefficient, Matthews correlation coefficient, informedness or Cohen's kappa may be preferable to assess the performance of a binary classifier. As a correlation coefficient, the Matthews correlation coefficient is the geometric mean of the regression coefficients of the problem and its dual. The component regression coefficients of the Matthews correlation coefficient are markedness (deltap) and informedness (Youden's J statistic or deltap').

See also
Population impact measures
 Attributable risk
 Attributable risk percent
 Scoring rule (for probability predictions)
 Pseudo-R-squared

Weblinks
 Damage Caused by Classification Accuracy and Other Discontinuous Improper Accuracy Scoring Rules

References

Statistical classification
Machine learning


title: Swaziland at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Swaziland competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Women
Track & road events

Boxing

Men

Cycling

Mountain biking

Road
Men

Women

Judo

Men

Swimming

Men

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Eswatini at the Commonwealth Games
Com


title: Tanzania at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Tanzania competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July – 3 August 2014.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event

Judo

Men

Swimming

Men

Women

Weightlifting

Men

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Tanzania at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Tanzanian sport


title: Here are Lovers

text:
Here are Lovers is a novel by Welsh author Hilda Vaughan.

Synopsis
Laetitia Wingfield, daughter of the Anglicised Squire Wingfield, is rescued by Gronwy Griffith, the son a Welsh tenant farmer.

Publication
Here are Lovers was Vaughan's second novel, published in the summer of 1926.

References

Here Are Lovers, reprinted by Honno Welsh Women's Classics

Sources
 Thomas, Lucy (2008). "The Fiction of Hilda Vaughan (1892–1985): Negotiating the Boundaries of Welsh Identity". PhD Thesis. University of Cardiff. 12 Mar. 2014.

Novels by Hilda Vaughan


title: Tonga at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Tonga competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July – 3 August 2014. The country was represented by sixteen athletes in five sports. Participating in their ninth Commonwealth Games, Tonga won a total of three bronze medals during previous editions. Boxers Uaine Fa and Lomalito Moala, bronze medallists in 2010, competed in Glasgow.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event

Boxing

Men

Diving

Women

Swimming

Men

Women

Weightlifting

Men

Women

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Tonga at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Tongan sport


title: Trinidad and Tobago at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Trinidad and Tobago competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014. With the exception of the athletics squad, which was to be announced at a later date, the Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee revealed that they had selected a team of 84 athletes across 13 sports. On 29 June a track and field squad of 43 was named completing a team of 127 athletes.

Athletics

On 29 June, the Trinidad and Tobago Commonwealth Games Association and the Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee announced their track and field team.

Men

Women

Boxing

 Michael Alexander
 Aaron Prince

Cycling

Track
Sprint

Time trial

Keirin

Field hockey

Men's tournament

 Kwandwane Browne
 Ishmael Campbell
 Darren Cowie - Capt
 Shaquille Daniel
 Aidan De Gannes
 Solomon Eccles
 Dillet Gilkes
 Nicholas Grant
 Marcus James
 Tariq Marcano
 Stefan Mouttet
 Michael II Otis O'Connor
 Mickel Pierre
 Jordan Reynos
 Andrey Rocke
 Akim Toussaint
Pool B

Women's tournament

 Avion Ashton
 Kayla Braithwaithe
 Savanah De Fretias
 Dana-Lee De Gannes
 Petal Derry
 Amanda George
 Brianna Govia
 Zene Henry
 Brittney Hingh
 Kwylan Jaggassar
 Alanna Lewis - co-Capt
 Fiona O'Brien
 Amie Olton
 Elise Olton
 Tamia Roach
 Patricia Wright-Alexis - co-Capt
Pool A

Gymnastics

 Marissa Dick
 Khazia Hislop

Judo

Netball

 Janelle Barker
 Joelisa Cooper
 Rhonda John-Davis
 Kemba Duncan
 Candice Guerero
 Onella Jack
 Anika La Roche Brice
 Alicia Liverpool
 Tricia Liverpool
 Kalifa McCollin
 Daystar Swift
 Samantha Wallace

Pool B

Rugby sevens

Trinidad and Tobago has qualified a rugby sevens team.
 Kelson Figaro
 David Gokool
 Rowell Gordon
 Aasan Lewis
 Anthony Lopez
 Jonathon O'Connor
 James Phillip
 Joseph Quashie - Capt
 Jesse Richards
 Agboola Silverthorn
 Shaquille Tull
 Keishon Walker

Pool B

Shooting

 Rhodney Allen
 Roger Daniel
 Norris Gomez
 Marlon Moses
 Michael Perez

Squash

 Charlotte Knaggs
 Colin Ramasra
 Kerrie Sample
 Kale Wilson

Swimming

Men

Table tennis

 Rheann Chung
 Yuvraj Dookram
 Aleena Edwards
 Curtis Humphreys
 Ashley Quashie
 Dexter St Louis
 Catherine Spicer
 Aaron Wilson

Triathlon

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Trinidad and Tobago at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Trinidad and Tobago sport


title: Kölesd

text:
Kölesd is a village in Tolna county, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Llys y Fran

text:
Llys y Fran is a small village and parish in the community of New Moat on the southern slopes of the Preseli Mountains in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The parish includes the small settlement of Gwastad. A notable feature is Llys y Fran Reservoir and Country Park, a popular tourist attraction.

Name
The name appears as Llys-y-frân on Ordnance Survey maps as well as in legislation, and the parish has been recorded with a number of spellings including Llysyfran, Llys-y-fran, Llys-y-Frân and Llys-y-Vrân. The word llys translates into English as "court" and y frân translates as "[of] the crow".

History
The present parish church dates from the 12th century, with alterations and improvements in the ensuing centuries, and is dedicated to St Meilyr, a 6th-century Celtic saint. Llys y Fran was originally a chapelry; in the 16th century it was controlled by various landowners in the district, but it does appear (Llisvrayne) as a parish on a 1578 map. One of the church's two bells is dated 1632. By 1833 it was the parish church. It is a Grade II listed building.

The parish was in the ancient Hundred of Dungleddy in the Diocese of St David's. In 1833 the population was 202, and most of the parish was enclosed arable and pasture.

Llys y Fran parish includes the hamlet of Gwastad, where there has been a Calvinistic Methodist chapel since 1836.

There may have been a timber castle north of the church, but the remains may have been destroyed when the reservoir dam was built. The site is known as Y Castell (The Castle).

In 1887 the parish extended to  and had a population of 194.

The teacher and composer William Penfro Rowlands (1860-1937) was born at Llys y Fran.

There is no collective war memorial to the individuals from the area.

Llys-y-Frân dam was constructed between 1968 and 1972 by Sir Lindsay Parkinson & Co. Ltd. The reservoir it impounds covers  and is surrounded by a grassland and woodland Country Park of , including the area of the reservoir. It is managed by Welsh Water and is one of 81 reservoirs in Wales. The dam is  high and the lake is fed by the River Syfynwy (or Syfni) that also feeds Rosebush Reservoir a few miles upstream to the northeast.

In 2008, a refurbished hydro-electric scheme was completed, raising the power output to an average of 26 kW; the original turbine generated considerably less. In 2017 Welsh Water announced a £4 million investment to enhance the park's facilities, to be completed in 2019, but in 2019 the project was put on hold when the construction company went into administration. A new construction company was appointed, with work scheduled to be completed in 2020, until which time the park and reservoir would remain closed. The redevelopment project and outdoor activity centre opened in 2021.

Reservoir and Country Park amenities

The country park has a perimeter track  long for walkers and cyclists. There is also a  family trail, and cycle hire is available.

The reservoir is an important fishery in South West Wales, and has hosted national and international fishing competitions. Fishing with fly or bait, from mark or boat, is possible. The lake is stocked with rainbow and brown trout.

Sailing, windsurfing, rowing and canoeing all take place on the reservoir, with various equipment available for hire. The park hosted the Welsh Dragon Boat Championships in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

The Llys-y-Fran Hillclimb is an annual event run by Swansea Motor Club.

References

External links

Dwr Cymru/Welsh Water: Llys y Frân Country Park & Reservoir

Villages in Pembrokeshire
Lakes of Wales
Bodies of water of Pembrokeshire
Motorsport venues in Wales


title: Turks and Caicos Islands at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Turks and Caicos Islands competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014.

Athletics

Men
Track & road events

Field Events

Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event

Weightlifting

Men

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Turks and Caicos Islands at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in the Turks and Caicos Islands


title: Lilly Hartley

text:
Lilly Hartley is an American documentary film producer and actress, and the founder of Candescent Films.

Early life and education
Hartley was raised in East Hampton, New York and New York City. Her father is a playwright and graduate of the Yale School of Drama and her mother is a scientist. Her godfather, Ken Howard, was an actor and was president of the Screen Actors Guild. Her grandfather, Benjamin Epstein, worked with Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy during the Civil Rights Movement in his role as national director of the Anti-Defamation League. She majored in history and English in college and graduated summa cum laude. She studied acting at William Esper Studio, completing the two-year program.

Career
Hartley founded Candescent Films in 2010. The film production company supports documentary films exploring social issues. Prior to founding the company, Hartley worked as an actress and production executive. She is a member of the Screen Actors Guild and Producers Guild of America.

The first film supported by Candescent was The Queen of Versailles, which was the opening night film at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, and was nominated for a DGA Award, IDA Award and Critics' Choice Award. Hartley served as an executive producer. As a producer on Sons of the Clouds, a documentary exploring human rights issues in Western Sahara and starring Javier Bardem, Hartley won the 2013 Goya Award for Best Documentary Film.  In 2014, Hartley partnered with the Tribeca Film Institute to develop a Candescent Award for films that premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival. The inaugural recipient of this award was Nas: Time Is Illmatic (2014).

Some of Hartley's other work includes executive producing Who Is Dayani Cristal? starring Gael García Bernal, executive producing Private Violence, which premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, and producing Likeness, a short film starring Elle Fanning and directed by Rodrigo Prieto.  Hartley executive produced The Departure, directed by Lana Wilson. Hartley executive produced the big game hunting documentary Trophy, which premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival, where it was acquired by CNN Films and The Orchard. Hartley also executive produced Generation Wealth.

Filmography

References

External links
 Candescent Films website

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American documentary film producers
Actresses from New York City
Film producers from New York (state)
21st-century American actresses
American television actresses
American women documentary filmmakers


title: Tuvalu at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Tuvalu sent a team to the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from July 23 to August 3, 2014. It comprised five athletes in two sports: table tennis and weightlifting. The country remained medalless after its fifth Commonwealth Games.

Table tennis

Singles

Doubles

Weightlifting

See also
Tuvalu at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
2014
Commonwealth Games


title: Uganda at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Uganda competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July to 3 August 2014.

Athletics

Men

Women

Badminton

Mixed team

Pool B

Rugby sevens

Uganda has qualified a rugby sevens team.

Swimming

Men

Women

Weightlifting

Men

Women

 Powerlifting

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Uganda at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Ugandan sport


title: Vanuatu at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Vanuatu competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July – 3 August 2014. A team of 12 athletes in 2 sports are representing the country. Participating in their ninth Commonwealth Games, Vanuatuans have never yet won a medal.

Judo

Men

Table Tennis

Singles

Doubles

Team

Qualification Legend: Q=Main Bracket (medal); qB=Consolation Bracket (non-medal)

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Vanuatu at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Vanuatuan sport


title: Zambia at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Zambia competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland from 23 July – 3 August 2014.

Medalists

Athletics

Men

Women
Track & road events

Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event

Judo

Men

Women

Swimming

Men

Women

References

Nations at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Zambia at the Commonwealth Games
2014 in Zambian sport


title: Lápafő

text:
Lápafő is a village in Tolna county, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Parambassis pulcinella

text:
Parambassis pulcinella, the humphead glassfish or humphead perchlet, is a species of Asiatic glassfish native to fast-flowing streams in the Ataran basin (itself a part of the Salween basin) in southeast Myanmar and west Thailand. It reaches a length of  and is sometimes seen in the aquarium trade.  It is a relative of the perch.

Like other glass perch, Parambassis pulcinella is largely colorless and transparent.

It grows to 8 cm in length and has a prominent hump in front of the first dorsal fin formed by a very long, thin outgrowth of the supraoccipital spine. The supraoccipital is a central, dorsal ossification on the occipital bone . The hump occurs in both sexes, but is larger in males.

Dorsal and anal fins have gray or black outer edges, the first dorsal fin and the anal fin each have a row of dots towards the body. Both lobes of the forked caudal fins have black stripes. At the base of the first dorsal fin is a small black spot from which a black stripe extends to the head.

The first dorsal fin is supported by seven fin spines, the second by a fin spine and seven soft rays. The anal fin has three spines and 16 to 17 soft rays. The number of vertebrae is 25. The area behind the dorsal fins is scaleless.

The humphead glassfish lives in large clear-water rivers, especially near waterfalls and large rapids. It is territorial .

References

 Maurice Kottelat (2003): Parambassis pulcinella , a new species of glassperch (Teleostei: Ambassidae) from the Ataran River basin (Myanmar), with comments on the family-group names Ambassidae, Chandidae and Bogodidae. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, March, 2003, Volume 14, Number 1

pulcinella
Freshwater fish of Asia
Taxa named by Maurice Kottelat
Fish described in 2003


title: Mórágy

text:
Mórágy () is a village in Tolna County, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Arcadia Valley, Queensland

text:
Arcadia Valley is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Arcadia Valley had a population of 102 people.

Geography
Arcadia Valley has the following mountains:

 Calf ()
 Castle Hill ()
 Castle Rock ()
 Cow and ()
 Mount Wadja ()
 Pyramid Hill ()
 Sphinx ()

History
It is believed that squatters in the 1850s named the area Arcadia meaning quiet rural simplicity.

Arcadia Valley State School opened on 3 March 1975.

Arcadia Valley was within the Shire of Bauhinia until 2008, when that shire was amalgamated into the Central Highlands Region.

In the , the population of Arcadia Valley was too low to be separately reported and was included within neighbouring Rewan, which had a reported population of 465 people.

In the , Arcadia Valley had a population of 102 people.

Economy
The tradition mainstay of the local economy is beef production with cattle farms being the predominant land use. However, from 2013 Santos have been purchasing land and planning infrastructure for liquid natural gas extraction in the area with a pipeline to Gladstone.

There are a number of homesteads in the locality:

 Alambee ()
 Arcadia ()
 Austral Park ()
 Basalt Creek ()
 Bila Belong ()
 Bundaleer ()
 Bylot Plains ()
 Castle Hill ()
 Clematis ()
 Comet Side ()
 Glenidal ()
 Harding Dale ()
 Harrow ()
 Hilly Vale ()
 Kiamanna ()
 Leeora Downs ()
 Linga Longa ()
 Marjundale ()
 Mount Kingsley ()
 Purbrook ()
 Red Rock ()
 Sunnyholt ()
 Tarcoola ()
 Tarewinnabar ()
 Towrie ()
 Wangalee ()
 Warremba ()

Education
Arcadia Valley State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 4831 Arcadia Valley Road (). In 2013, the school had five students and two teachers (one full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of nine students with one teacher and four non-teaching staff (one full-time equivalent). The children come from local farms. The school does not have access to reticulated water and must depend on tanks filled by rainwater.

There are no nearby secondary schools. The options are distance education and boarding schools.

Amenities
There is a Uniting Church congregation in Arcadia Valley. Services are held at local homesteads.

Attractions
Lake Nuga Nuga is within the locality. Part of the Nuga Nuga National Park, it is the largest natural lake in the Central Queensland sandstone belt and is popular for bird-watching (over 150 kinds of birds), fishing and canoeing.

References

Further reading

Central Highlands Region
Localities in Queensland


title: Mőcsény

text:
Mőcsény is a village in Tolna county, Hungary.

Populated places in Tolna County


title: Time Riders (TV series)

text:
Time Riders is a 4-part 1991 CITV show directed by Michael Winterbottom and starring Haydn Gwynne as Dr. B. B. Miller, a motorbike riding time traveler.

Location filming was carried out at the Polytechnic of Wales for scenes set in the modern day (Part One and the end of Part Four), whilst those set in the past (Parts Two, Three and the bulk of Part Four) occurred at Chepstow Castle.

A novelisation of the series, written by Eldridge (ISBN  ) was published in 1991. It was illustrated by Mark Robertson.

Cast
 Haydn Gwynne as Dr. B. B. Miller
 Kenneth Hall as Ben
 Ian McNeice as Leather Hardbones
 Paul Bown as Captain
 Clive Merrison as Professor Crow
 Kerry Shale as Hepworth
 Julie T. Wallace as Lady Chalmerston
 James Saxon as Lord Chalmerston

Episode List

References

External links

 Curious British Telly

1991 British television series debuts
1991 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
1990s British science fiction television series
British time travel television series
English-language television shows
ITV children's television shows
Motorcycle television series
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television series set in the future
Television shows produced by Thames Television


title: Nagykónyi

text:
Nagykónyi is a village in Tolna County, Hungary.

It was once settled by Danube Swabians. Around 1865–1880, several Danube Swabian from the Tolna settled in Slavonia, several families from Nagykónyi went to Slavonia and settled there.

References

Populated places in Tolna County


title: GSA Network

text:
GSA Network is a nonprofit organization that assists students with starting gay–straight alliances (GSA) to fight homophobia and transphobia in schools.  GSA Network originally focused on supporting youth in California, and still has its headquarters in Oakland, California, but is now active nationwide.

History
GSA Network was founded by Carolyn Laub in 1998 working with 40 GSA clubs in the San Francisco Bay Area. The organization expanded and in 2001 GSA Network became a statewide organization.  In 2005, GSA Network began operating programs nationally. In 2008, GSA Network incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Prior to that, GSA Network was a fiscally sponsored project of The Tides Center.

In 2015, Ginna Brelsford and Geoffrey Winder assumed the roles of co-executive directors of GSA Network.

In the spring of 2016, GSA Network changed its name from "Gay Straight-Alliance Network" to "Genders & Sexualities Alliance Network" to better reflect the diverse range of identities of the youth participating in its programming.  At the same time, the organization adopted its current tagline of "trans and queer youth uniting for racial and gender justice."

GSA Network currently has staff based in Oakland, Fresno, and Los Angeles, California, as well as New Orleans, Louisiana, and Chicago, Illinois.

Programs
GSA Network activities and programs currently active include:

 Supporting GSAs
 Helps students start GSA clubs and provides resources and opportunities for GSAs to network and receive support. As of 2012, there are over 880 GSA clubs in California alone.

 Student leadership training
 Provides students with training on most effective ways to operate a GSA club.

 Safe schools advocacy
 Helps GSA clubs become activist clubs that can educate teachers and students to improve the school climate.

 Public policy advocacy in California
 Youth-led advocacy of non-discrimination laws. The organization supports the youth by providing resources to help address issues related to creating safer schools.

 Supporting the national GSA movement
 Helps build the capacity of organizations in the United States to network and support GSAs in states other than California. As of 2012, 37 states have organizations in the National Association of GSA Networks.

 #GSAs4Justice campaign
 Supports student advocacy for school districts to adopt recommendations around restorative justice and push back against punitive discipline policies that create a "school-to-prison pipeline" for youth of color, youth with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth.

See also

 LGBT rights in the United States
 List of LGBT rights organizations

References

LGBT youth organizations based in the United States
1998 establishments in the United States
LGBT political advocacy groups in the United States


title: My Big John

text:
"My Big John" is a song written by Jean Dean, Ira Louvin and Charlie Louvin of the Louvin Brothers, and J. Newman.

The song was recorded by American country music artist Dottie West, as an answer song to Jimmy Dean's hit "Big Bad John".  It was released in October 1961 as her third release on Starday Records. The B-side is a track tilted, "Men With Evil Hearts"

Song Background
The song is told from the point of view of the "Cajun Queen" that drove John away – her search for him, then discovering about his death.

References

1961 songs
1961 singles
Answer songs
Dottie West songs
Starday Records singles
Songs written by Ira Louvin
Songs written by Charlie Louvin


title: Capnolymma

text:
Capnolymma is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Capnolymma borneana Ohbayashi, 1994
 Capnolymma brunnea Gressitt & Rondon, 1970
 Capnolymma capreola Pascoe, 1866
 Capnolymma cingalensis Gahan, 1906
 Capnolymma ishiharai Ohbayashi, 1994
 Capnolymma laotica Gressitt & Rondon, 1970
 Capnolymma ohbayashii Holzschuh, 2006
 Capnolymma similis Gressitt & Rondon, 1970
 Capnolymma stygia Pascoe, 1858

References

Lepturinae


title: Harry V. Quadracci

text:
Harry V. Quadracci (January 10, 1936 – July 29, 2002) founded Quad/Graphics with his wife Elizabeth Quadracci.

Work at Krueger
Quadracci worked at W.A.Krueger, but eventually left when a managerial disagreement led to a strike. He was not included when the president of the company reached a settlement, and he felt the negotiating was done behind his back. He interpreted it as a signal that he would not eventually fulfill the role as president of the company. He then left to form his own company.

Company beginnings
Quadracci leased a 20,000 square foot building in Pewaukee, Wisconsin. By 1974 the company had 35 employees.

Contract
In 1977, Quadracci was able to land Newsweek, and in 2000 landed National Geographic.

Philanthropy
In 2001, Harry V. Quadracci and his wife Elizabeth Quadracci helped finance the addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum designed by Santiago Calatrava. The Quadraccis donated $10 million in a donation-matching challenge they spearheaded. The addition was named the Quadracci Pavilion.

Death
Quadracci died at 66 years old at Pine Lake in Chenequa, Wisconsin. He suffered from an unknown medical incident which resulted in him drowning.
Wisconsin probate case has his date of birth listed as January not June.

Memorial
In his memorial Quad/Graphics donated 1 million dollars to Waukesha County Technical College and named a newer area of the school the Harry V. Quadracci Printing and Graphics Center.

The $1 million gift came from Quad/Graphics clients, friends, vendors, and employees who donated to the Harry V. Quadracci Memorial Fund. The contributions totalled $500,000, and then were matched by Quad/Graphics' Windhover Foundation for a total gift of $1 million.

References

1936 births
2002 deaths
People from Chenequa, Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Philanthropists from Wisconsin
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American philanthropists
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Accidental deaths in Wisconsin
20th-century American philanthropists


The 1946 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 5, 1946. Incumbent United States Senator Burton K. Wheeler, who was first elected to the Senate in 1922, and was re-elected in 1928, 1934, and 1940, ran for re-election. He was challenged in the Democratic primary by Leif Erickson, the Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court, and, following a close election, was narrowly defeated by Erickson. In the general election, Erickson faced State Senator Zales Ecton, the Republican nominee. Ultimately, Ecton defeated Erickson by a fairly wide margin, winning his first and only term in the Senate. Another Republican would not be elected Senator from Montana until 42 years later, when Conrad Burns narrowly won the 1988 election.

Democratic primary

Candidates
Leif Erickson, Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court
Burton K. Wheeler, incumbent United States Senator

Results

Republican primary

Candidates
Zales Ecton, State Senator, former State Representative
R. E. Skeen

Results

General election

Results

References

Montana
1946
1946 Montana elections


title: Nebo (Anastasiya Petryk song)

text:
"Nebo" (, English: Sky) is a song written and recorded by Ukrainian child singer Anastasiya Petryk and producer Artem Valter. It won for Ukraine in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2012, held in Amsterdam, Netherlands scoring 138 points.

References

Ukrainian songs
Junior Eurovision Song Contest winning songs
2012 singles
2012 songs


title: Saka Acquaye

text:
Saka Acquaye (2 November 1923 – 27 February 2007) was a Ghanaian musician, playwright, sculptor and textile designer.

Early life
Saka Acquaye was born in Accra, Gold Coast (now Ghana), on 2 November 1923, the sixth child of his parents Regina and John Akweifio. He was educated in the Methodist School, Accra Royal School and then Government Boys Schools. He obtained a Cadbury Scholarship to enter Cadbury House, Achimota School. He washed dishes in the school's dining-hall so he could have extra food, since his parents could not afford to supplement his meals.

While at college he became a champion hurdler, training without shoes and using his own primitive hurdles made from tree branches. He became the captain of a squad of the National Athletic Team to represent the Gold Coast in 1950. He was Champion hurdler for the Gold Coast.

On completion of his course at Achimota, he taught for a couple of years at St. Augustine's College in Cape Coast, in the early 1950s.

Career
Wanting to pursue further studies in the United States, but without funds, Acquaye started creating textile designs, which he sold to build his resources. At the time, he had founded the Black Beats Band, much to the displeasure of his father. He loved and played the saxophone, flute and mouth organ.

Acquaye's break finally came in 1953 and he left the shores of the Gold Coast to pursue further studies at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.

He founded the African Ensemble while in the US and, as its leader, recorded an album under the ELEKTRA label. This group was made up of American musicians. He also put together a group known as the African Tones.
On his return from his studies in the United States to settle in Ghana, he met Mavis Amua-Sekyi. Acting was one of her hobbies, and Saka Acquaye gave her one of the leading roles in Obadzeng, an opera he wrote. This drama piece so captivated Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah that he ordered a command performance and toured the Soviet Union with the play. Acquaye had many plays to his credit including a book, Problem of Creativity in Contemporary Africa, which he was hoping to launch. Saka Acquaye and Mavis married on 4 August 1962.

He returned with his family to the United States to pursue further studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The many friends he met there include Maya Angelou, who was his neighbour on Sunset Strip. Saka Acquaye returned to Ghana and back to his busy life after this period of study. He directed Wulomei, a cultural group, for nine years, touring Europe and the United States a couple of times and performing several times at the Arts Centre, among other venues. Today, the two big trees he planted in front of the Art Centre in Accra are there as a reminder for us.

Acquaye exhibited his work at home, in Nigeria, at the Royal Academy in London, in the US and in Japan.
Some of his works of art can be found in the Banking Hall of the Bank of Ghana; the reception of the US Embassy; Ghana Commercial Bank, Tema Gordon Guggisberg's Monument at Korle-Bu Hospital; Busts of Guggisberg, Fraser and Achimota School; Dr J. B. Danquah Circle, Osu; Inlaid panelling at Ghana Airways Offices in Cocoa House and in Lagos, Johnson Wax Conference Centre in Racine, Wisconsin, USA; the African American Heritage Association Lecture hall at Wayne University, Detroit, USA, and Cambridge University, among others.

Awards
As a student in Philadelphia, he scooped up awards. These include:
 The Stivinson Award                     -  1954
 Honorable Mention Portnoff Award        -  1955
 Lila Agness Kennedy Hill award          -  1955
 Stewardson Honorable Mention           -  1955
 Steward Award                          -  1956
 Cresson European Traveling Scholarship -  1956
 Eisenhower Leadership                  -  1956
 Ware Leadership                        -  1958
His local honours include a CSIR Gold Award 1979; Leisure Award-1988; ECRAG Flagstar Award 1993.

References

External links

1923 births
2007 deaths
Musicians from Accra
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni
Textile designers
Ghanaian expatriates in the United States


title: Alauddin Ahmad Syah

text:
Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Syah (died 1735) was the twenty-third sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled from 1727 to 1735 and inaugurated the Bugis Dynasty of Aceh which would remain on the throne until the end of the sultanate in 1903.

From official to sultan

The original name of the future sultan was Zainul Abidin. He was of Bugis stock; the Bugis from South Sulawesi migrated to all parts of the East Indian Archipelago after 1667 and were well regarded as traders, sailors and soldiers. His father Abdurrahim and grandfather Mansur had been respected men in the kingdom. Under the troubled reign of Jamal ul-Alam Badr ul-Munir (1703-1726) he served as an official with the title Maharaja Lela. According to one version he performed the hajj to Mecca but returned to Aceh in order to help his badly cornered master. When the three sagis (regions) of Aceh rebelled against Jamal ul-Alam in the fall of 1726, Maharaja Lela was ordered to hold the fortress of the capital until matters had been settled. However, Jamal ul-Alam had to flee in November and a period of chaos ensued. Meanwhile Maharaja Lela loyally held the fortress against the other parties and vainly asked Jamal ul-Alam, who had withdrawn to Pidië, for assistance. Finally, in January 1727 the three sagis unanimously offered the throne to Maharaja Lela. Since Maharaja Lela did not wish to commit treason, he sent message to Jamal ul-Alam and asked how to act. The ex-sultan, realizing that his case was lost, enjoined Maharaja Lela to accept the offer.

Founding a dynasty

Maharaja Lela now stepped on the throne under the name Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Syah. All his descendants on the throne bore reign titles that included the name Alauddin ("nobility of faith"). After the enthronement the panglimas (headmen of the three sagis) returned to their respective regions. This made an end to the chaos that had reigned for some time. Batubara on the east coast, lost under Jamal ul-Alam, was regained for the time being. The Acehnese chronicles convey the impression that Alauddin Ahmad Syah's reign was relatively peaceful. This is not entirely confirmed by Dutch reports. In 1731 the Dutch found 15 ships with thousands of men lying in the Aceh River. "They had not arrived for any other reason than to settle certain disputes between two Acehnese kings who had waged war on each other for some time." The Dutch also worried about the support that the king of Aceh gave to a Minangkabau prince who tried to build a power base around the important port town Barus in 1734. On the other hand the reign of Alauddin Ahmad Syah saw some positive economic trends. Trade with the British in Madras took off again after a period of decline. This coincided with the rise in the British trade with China. Opium and cotton was sold to Aceh in exchange for Southeast Asian produce which was then brought to China. Products such as opium were so valuable in Aceh that the ruler could retail them for four times the price he had paid.

Sultan Alauddin Ahmad Syah sired four sons:
 Pocut Auk, later Sultan Alauddin Johan Syah, born from the chief consort
 Pocut Kleng, born from a co-wife
 Pocut Sandang, born from a co-wife
 Pocut Muhammad, born from the chief consort

The sultan died in late May or early June 1735. He had admonished his eldest son to respect the ex-sultan Jamal ul-Alam Badr ul-Munir. However, Jamal ul-Alam's political interference after his death led to a new spate of political infighting in Aceh.

References

Literature

 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critische overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135–265.
 Goor, R. van (1988) Generale missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie. Vol. 9: 1729-1737. Den Haag: M. Nijhoff.
 Lee Kam Hing (1995) The Sultanate of Aceh: Relations with the British, 1760-1824. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
 Zainuddin, H.M. (1961) Tarich Atjeh dan Nusantara, Jilid I. Medan: Pustaka Iskandar Muda.

Sultans of Aceh
1735 deaths
18th-century Indonesian people

Year of birth unknown


title: 2/8th Field Regiment (Australia)

text:
The 2/8th Field Regiment was an Australian Army field artillery regiment that was raised for service during the Second World War as part of the all-volunteer Second Australian Imperial Force. Composed mainly of soldiers from the states of Victoria and Tasmania, the regiment was one of three field artillery regiments that were assigned to the Australian 9th Division during the war, and during its war service it saw action in North Africa in 1941–42, being heavily involved in the First and Second Battles of El Alamein between July and November 1942 before returning to Australian in 1943, as the Australian government rebalanced its land forces to face the threat in the Pacific. Nevertheless, the regiment did not see action again until mid-1945 when it was committed to the brief Borneo campaign. It was disbanded in early 1946 at the conclusion of hostilities.

History
Established in May 1940 at Puckapunyal, Victoria, the 2/8th Field Regiment was assigned to the Australian 9th Division. Its first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel Alan Crisp. It initially consisted of two batteries from Victorian and Tasmanian volunteers – designated the 15th and 16th – although a third, the 58th, was raised in October 1941. Later in the war, the regiment's composition would change as reinforcements would be sourced from all Australian states. After the initial formation of the two batteries in their home locations, it took some time for the regiment to concentrate, and it was not until November 1940, that the 15th and 16th Batteries came together concentrated at Puckapunyal, Victoria. Guns were short initially, the regiment was only able to conduct one live shoot before deploying, using borrowed weapons. Embarking upon the transport Strathmore at Port Melbourne and sailing for the Middle East. Travelling via Fremantle and crossing the Indian Ocean, they reached Palestine in the middle of December 1940.

After training on 18-pounders and 4.5 howitzers, the regiment was equipped with 25-pound artillery pieces in early 1941. During the 9th Division's early involvement in the fighting in North Africa, the 2/8th was used to defend Mersa Matruh – a strategically important railhead on the Egyptian coast, lying between the ports of Tobruk and Alexandria – between May and September 1941, before moving to Sidi Barrani. In October 1941, they were moved to Palestine, before being sent to Syria in January 1942 to join the Allied garrison that had been established their following the defeat of the Vichy French forces there during the Syria–Lebanon Campaign. They remained there, establishing a position around Jdaidet on the Syria–Lebanon border to defend against a possible German invasion, until July 1942 when the 9th Division was hurriedly transferred to El Alamein, after the fall of Tobruk. By this time the regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Walter Tinsley. The regiment subsequently took part in both the First and Second Battles of El Alamein between July and November, firing over 163,000 shells, mainly in support of the 26th Brigade.

In January 1943, the 2/8th was withdrawn to Australia as the 9th Division was brought back to join the fight against Japanese forces in the Pacific. The regiment, sailing aboard the Dutch transport, Nieu Amsterdam, made landfall at Melbourne on 24 February 1943. The regiment was based at Seymour, Victoria, while personnel went on leave, but in April the 2/8th Field Regiment relocated to the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland. While the rest of the 9th Division was subsequently employed in New Guinea in landings around Lae and in the fighting on the Huon Peninsula, the 2/8th was not deployed as the 9th Division's artillery complement was reduced as part of its conversion to the jungle divisional establishment. As a result, the 2/8th did not see action again until late in the war, when they took part in the Borneo campaign in June 1945.

In May 1945, the regiment sailed from Australia to Morotai Island, where the Allies had established a large base as a staging area for Operation Oboe, where they received new equipment including 75 mm howitzers, which were to complement their 25-pounders. After a brief period of preparation, the regiment joined the amphibious invasion of North Borneo. The regiment's guns came ashore around Brooketon, in Brunei Bay, and Lutong, aboard US landing vehicles where the surf allowed.  For the remainder of the campaign, they fired mainly in support of the 20th Brigade. After the conclusion of hostilities in August 1945, the regiment was slowly disbanded, with a number of the regiment's personnel being transferred to the 2/4th Pioneer Battalion to undertake garrison duties around Kuching in November 1945. In December, the remainder of the 2/8th's personnel returned to Australia and on 30 January 1946 it was disbanded. A total of 34 members of the regiment were killed or died on active service during the war.

Commanding officers
The 2/8th Field Regiment was commanded by the following officers:
 Lieutenant Colonel Alan Percy;
 Lieutenant Colonel Walter Tinsley; and
 Lieutenant Colonel Roy Johnston.

References
 Citations

 Bibliography

Further reading

Artillery regiments of Australia
Military units and formations established in 1940
1940 establishments in Australia
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
1946 disestablishments in Australia


title: Catalanotoxotus

text:
Catalanotoxotus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Catalanotoxotus nivosus Vives, 2005
 Catalanotoxotus pauliani (Vives, 2004)

References

Dorcasominae


title: Criocerinus

text:
Criocerinus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus is Criocerinus corallinus. It was described by Fairmaire in 1894.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1894
Monotypic Cerambycidae genera


title: Dorcasomus

text:
Dorcasomus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Dorcasomus batesi Quentin & Villiers, 1970
 Dorcasomus capensis Quentin & Villiers, 1970
 Dorcasomus delegorguei Guérin-Méneville, 1845
 Dorcasomus ebulinus (Fabricius, 1787)
 Dorcasomus gigas Aurivillius, 1914
 Dorcasomus mirabilis Quentin & Villiers, 1970
 Dorcasomus pinheyi Quentin & Villiers, 1970
 Dorcasomus urundiensis Quentin & Villiers, 1970

References

Dorcasominae