title: Port of Inverness

text:
The Port of Inverness (Scottish Gaelic: Port Inbhir Nis) is a port on the east coast of Scotland, at Inverness, Highland council area, at the mouth of the River Ness. It is one of Scotland's most sheltered and deep natural ports. The port is owned and operated by Inverness Harbour Trust, established by Act of Parliament in 1847. The port was first recorded in history in 1249.

The port trades with Scandinavia, the EU and the rest of the UK. Goods handled include oil and fuel, turbines for wind energy converters, timber, round logs, board, wood chips, coal, salt, animal feed, frozen fish, fish oil and other goods. Due to recent expansion the port can now handle cargoes of turbine blades of length up to 50 m. There are extensive lay down areas as well as covered storage facilities. The port has easy access to the A9 road and the hinterland of Inverness, the capital of the Scottish Highlands. There is also ready access to the railway system from Inverness station. Recent years have seen cargo close to 800,000 tonnes per annum and over 300 vessels visiting the port.

The port has four main quays: North Longman 150 m in length; Longman 340 m in length; North Citadel 100 m in length and; South Citadel (tanker berth) 150 m in length. Bunkering by road tanker can be provided by prior arrangement. While the Port of Inverness can handle smaller cruise vessels, larger cruise liners tend to go to Invergordon, which is a deep water port about 24 miles from Inverness on the Cromarty Firth and allows docking and disembarkation of passengers without the need of a Ship's tender.

Next to the Port of Inverness is Inverness Marina, which provides berthing for yachts.

References

External links

Ports.com, Port of Inverness
British Ports Association, Inverness Harbour Trust
Gazetteer for Scotland Inverness Harbour (Port of Inverness)
Port of Inverness-Marine Traffic
Port of Inverness-Port Directory

Ports and harbours of the North Sea
Ports and harbours of Scotland
Buildings and structures in Inverness
Transport in Inverness


title: Steven Imbiri

text:
Steven Anderson Imbiri (born April 30, 1987) is an Indonesian former footballer.

References

External links
Steven Anderson Imbiri at Liga Indonesia

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Papua
Indonesian men's footballers
Indonesian expatriate men's footballers
Indonesian Premier Division players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Malaysia Premier League players
Persewon Wondama players
PSIM Yogyakarta players
PSIS Semarang players
Persiba Bantul players
Persiram Raja Ampat players
Persela Lamongan players
Petaling Jaya City FC players
Persikabo 1973 players
Bali United F.C. players
Perseru Serui players
Men's association football wingers
Expatriate men's footballers in Malaysia
Indonesian expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia


title: Yurina Yamada

text:
is a Japanese ski jumper. She was born in Nagano. She was part of the Japanese team that won gold medals at the 2012 Junior World Championships in Erzurum. She also won a team gold medal at the 2014 Junior World Championships in Val di Fiemme. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the ladies normal hill.

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Nagano (city)
Ski jumpers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Japanese female ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers for Japan
21st-century Japanese women
21st-century Japanese people


title: Sazak

text:
Sazak may refer to:

People
 Sazak (surname), list of people with the surname

Places
Sazak, Beyağaç
Sazak, Çal
Sazak, Çorum
Sazak, Ilgaz
Sazak, Kızılcahamam, a village in Kızılcahamam district of Ankara Province, Turkey
Sazak, Mihalıççık, a village in Mihalıççık district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey
Sazak, Sarayköy
Sazak, Yeşilova
Sazak, Yenice

Others
Sazak assault, an ambush carried out in 1997 on soldiers, in the Sazak neighbourhood of Reşadiye district of Tokat Province, Turkey


title: Teape Lectures

text:
The Teape Lectures were established at Cambridge University in 1955.  They form the major activity of the Teape Trust (Charity No 250095), created from an endowment made posthumously by William Marshall Teape (St John's College, Cambridge 1882, died 1945). The object of the trust is 'The advancement of education by the provision of lectures on the relationship between Christian and Hindu thought and subject thereto the study of Christian and Hindu religious thought and the promotion of Christian-Hindu relations'.

The lectures are among the most prestigious engagements for Christian-Hindu relations, as evidenced from the list of major speakers who have held the appointments, and from the internationally significant publications that have emerged from many of the lecture series.

The lectures are typically delivered in Cambridge by a speaker from India or in India by a speaker with a Cambridge connection.  They reflect a close association between Westcott House, Cambridge and St. Stephen's College, Delhi.

Lecturers:

In India (generally in Delhi, Bangalore, Kolkata):

1955 Charles Raven (Regius Professor of Divinity Emeritus, Cambridge) 'Religion, Science and Technology'

1958 Owen Chadwick (Master of Selwyn College, Cambridge) 'The Experience of Religion'

1962 Robert Runcie (Principal of Cuddesdon College) 'Christianity and Culture'

1964 Ninian Smart (H. G. Wood Professor of Theology, Birmingham)'The Upahishads and Christian Theology', pub. as The Yogi and The Devotee (Allen & Unwin 1968)

1967 Leonard Schiff 'Secularisation in East and West'

1969 Robert Charles Zaehner (Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics, Oxford) 'Sri Aurobindo and Teihard de Chardin', pub. as Evolution in Religion (OUP 1971)

1972 Stephen Neill (Professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Nairobi) 'Tamil Classics and Christianity', pub. as Bhakti, Hindu and Christian (Christian Literature Society 1974)

1973 Geoffrey Parrinder (Professor in the Comparative Study of Religions, King's College London) 'Mysticism in Hindu and Christian Thought', pub. as Mysticism in the World's Religions (Oneworld Publications, New ed. 1995)

1975 John Hick (H. G. Wood Professor of Theology, Birmingham) 'The Hindu Idea of Reincarncation and Christian Eschatology', pub. as part of Death and Eternal Life (Collins 1976)

1978 JAT Robinson (Dean of Chapel, Trinity College, Cambridge) pub. as Truth is Two-Eyed (SCM 1979)

1979 Judith Brown (University of Manchester) 'Religious Experience of the Twentieth Century Hindus and Christians', pub. as Men and Gods in a Changing World (SCM 1980)

1981 Julius Lipner (University Lecturer, Cambridge) 'The Life and Thought of the Hindu-Catholic Nationalist, Brahamabandhab Upadhyay (1861-1907), pub. as Brahmabandhab Upadhyay: The Life and Thought of a Revolutionary (OUP India 2001)

1983 Brian Hebblethwaite (Lecturer in Philosophy of Religion, Cambridge) 'The Overcoming of Evil', pub. as part of Evil, Suffering and Religion (SPCK, rev. ed. 2001)

1986 Ursula King (Senior Lecturer, Leeds) 'Women and Spirituality, some Hindu, Christian and Secular Reflections', pub. as part of Women and Spirituality, Voices of Protest and Promise (Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd ed 1993)

1989 Keith Ward (Professor of Philosophy of Religion, University of London) 'Theism European and Indian: Conflict or Convergence'

1990 Dermot Killingley 'Rammohun Roy in Hindu and Christian Tradition'

1992 Daniel O’Connor 'Relations in Religion'

1994 Nicholas Lash (Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity, Cambridge) 'The Upanishads of the Catholic Church' pub. as part of The Beginning and the End of 'Religion''' (Cambridge: CUP, 1996)

1996 Roger Hooker 'Narrating Our Nations'

1998 Michael Barnes 'The Dialogue between Theology and Post-Modernity', pub. as Walking The City - Christian Discipleship in a Pluralist World (ISPCK 1999)

2000 Eric Lott (United Theological College, Bangalore) 'Religious Faith, Human Identity –Dangerous Dynamics in Global and Indian Life', pub. same title (Asian Trading Company, 2005)

2002 Martin Forward 'The Divine in Human Form in India', pub. as The Nature and the Name of Love: Religion for the Contemporary World (Epworth Press, 2008)

2004 Ian Markham 'Dialogue Done Differently'

2006 Douglas Hedley (Reader in Hermeneutics and Metaphysics, Cambridge) 'The One and the Many'

2009 David Gosling 'Darwin, Science and the Indian Tradition – Commemorating Darwin’s Bicentenary', pub. as

2011 Andrew Wingate 'Encounter between Hindus and Christians in Britain'

2015 Francis X Clooney, SJ (Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University), "The Future of Hindu-Christian Studies: Rebuilding the Intellectual-Spiritual Foundations"

In Cambridge:

1957 Paul David Devanandan 'The Gita and the Gospel'

1963 F Mulayil 'Karma and Salvation'

1966 Raimundo Panikkar 'Five Great Utterances of the Upanishads', pub. as The Vedic Experience (Darton, Longman and Todd, 1979)

1968 E Sambaya 'The Upanishads and Christian Thought'

1970 Paul Sudhakar 'The Gita and the New Testament'

1973 Nalini Devadas 'Ananda, the Concept of Bliss in the Upanishads'

1974 S.J. Samarha 'Studies in Hindu-Christian Dialogue'

1976 JDM Stuart 'Swami Abhishitananda, a Study in Christian-Hindu Understanding'

1978 Anima Bose 'Christian Thought and the Gandhian Way'

1980 Samuel Rayan 'A Relentless Quest: Three Upanishad Myths in Relation to Christian Themes'

1982 Aloysius Peiris 'The Buddhist World View and the Christian Kerygma'

1983 Margaret Chatterjee 'The Concept of Spirituality'

1989 Sara Grant (Society of the Sacred Heart), published as Towards an alternative theology: Confessions of a non-dualist Christian (Asian Trading Company, 1991)

1995 Jyoti Sahi 'The Art Ashram'

1998 Eric Lott (United Theological College, Bangalore) 'Set Free by a Dancing God'

1999 Mark Tully 'The East-West Person'

2001 Christel Devadawson 'Travelling through Britain: India's Road to Post-Colonialism', pub. as part of Reading India, Writing English (Macmillan India, 2005)

2003 Roger Gaikwad 'The Interplay of Religion, Politics and Communalism in India'

2005 K P Aleaz 'For a Christian Philosophy from India'

2017 Renish Geevarghese Abraham (St. Stephen's College, Delhi) 'Negotiating Hinduism and Christianity in the History of Kerala'

References

Christian and Hindu interfaith dialogue
Lecture series at the University of Cambridge
Religious education in the United Kingdom
1955 establishments in England
Recurring events established in 1955


title: Bon Voyage (Koda Kumi album)

text:
Bon Voyage is the eleventh studio album by Japanese recording artist Kumi Koda. It was released on February 26, 2014, by Rhythm Zone. Bon Voyage is Koda's first album since her 2012 Japonesque, and her longest album in production since her 2008 studio album Kingdom. The album's production was handled by several music producers, such as Joseph Lawrence, Toby Gad, T-Sk, Mats Lie Skare, Figge Bosstrom, Tommy Henriksen, Badur Haberg, and Clarabell. It also features guest appearances from Sean Paul and OVDS. Five different formats were released to promote the album: a standalone CD, a CD and DVD bundle, a CD and Blu-ray bundle, a fan package featuring a live DVD, and a digital release in Japan.

Upon the album's release, it was met with favourable reviews from music critics. Critics highlight individual songs for their production and composition, and commended the singles. Bon Voyage became Koda's seventh studio album to reach the top spot on Japan's Oricon Albums Chart, but her first album to not ship over 100,000 units in that region. Because of this, it became her first studio album to fail to achieve a certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). Three singles and one EP were released from the album. Koda promoted the album through her 2014 Bon Voyage concert tour.

Development and composition
Bon Voyage is Koda's first album since her 2012 Japonesque. It is also her longest album in production since her 2008 studio album Kingdom, both of which spanned a total of two years. For the album, Koda's record label Rhythm Zone and its parent company Avex Trax hired several producers, such as Joseph Lawrence, Toby Gad, T-Sk, Mats Lie Skare, Figge Bosstrom, Tommy Henriksen, Badur Haberg, and Clarabell. Producers such as Henriksen and Bosstrom have collaborated with Koda in the past with her albums Kingdom and Universe (2010). Bon Voyage is Koda's second album to be handled primarily with Western producers and composers; Koda's first album handled by Western producers was Japonesque. Western producers and composers carried on working with Koda on her next studio album Walk of My Life (2015).

Bon Voyage is a J-pop album with numerous elements of country rock, pop, R&B, electronic dance music, and reggae. It is Koda's first album to emphasize full English language songs; in total, Bon Voyage features nine English, five bilingual (Japanese/English), and two Japanese tracks. Each song from the album is co-written by Koda, including the English, Japanese and interlude tracks. The album includes two interlude tracks; "Introduction: Bon Voyage" and "Interlude: Bon Voyage", both boasting electronic music and sirens noises. EDM elements are used in tracks "Show Me Your Holla", "Crank tha Bass" (featuring OVDS), "LOL", "Go to the Top", "Dreaming On", and "U Know". "Loaded", which features Jamaican rapper and musician Sean Paul, incorporates elements of reggae and dancehall music, as does the following tracks "Winner Girls" and "On Your Side". Tetsuo Hiraga from Hot Shot Discs reviewed the singles "Go to the Top" and "Koishikute", and identified musical elements of electronic dance, dubstep, and 8-bit music in the former, and a pop ballad melody in the latter. Koda's summer EP Summer Trip featured "Lalalalala" and "Touch Down", and Hiraga noted elements of country rock in the former, and R&B in the latter track.

Release and packaging
Bon Voyage was released on February 26, 2014, by Rhythm Zone and Avex Taiwan in five different formats. The stand-alone CD featured the sixteen tracks in a cardboard slipcase, with first press editions including a glossy sticker of Koda. The CD and DVD bundle featured the sixteen tracks and a bonus DVD, including the music videos for: "Show Me Your Holla", "LOL", "Dreaming Now!", "Touch Down", "Lalalalala", and "Koishikute". The DVD also included the making videos for "Show Me Your Holla" and "LOL". The CD and Blu-ray bundle includes the same tracks and videos from the CD and DVD bundle, but features a hologram sticker, one postercard, and a slipcase. A special edition was released on Koda's website, entitled the "Fan Club Edition". This format features the original CD, and a DVD featuring live performances from Koda's Fanclub Live Tour in 2013. The format was housed in an A5-sized digipak. The final format is the digital release, which was released only in Japan. This is Koda's only studio album not to be released worldwide.

Visually based on cruise ship members, the five Bon Voyage cover sleeves feature different images all photographed by Kazuyoshi Shimomura. The CD cardboard sleeve has Koda squatting and holding onto a cruise ship steering wheel; the jewel case has Koda holding a life buoy. The CD and DVD cardboard sleeve has a close-up shot of Koda wearing a captain's uniform; the jewel case has Koda posing on top of a life buoy. The Blu-ray cardboard sleeve and jewel case has Koda posing with a pair of binoculars, while the Fan Club edition has a close-up of Koda sitting down holding a cruise ship steering wheel. The digital release uses the CD and DVD close-up shot. The booklet and photo shoot were designed by members of United Lounge Tokyo, and each booklet from the five format features different images of Koda.

Critical reception

Bon Voyage received favourable reviews from music critics. Japako Music's Kirsty H. gave the album a positive review, saying that it "shows Koda Kumi's experiences perfectly". Kirsty praised Koda's "personal songs" and the album's musical variation. On the album's overall sound, she wrote the following: "The album overall is very good and catchy and clearly shows how mature and experienced Koda Kumi is. All of the songs are catchy and this makes the album all the more fun to listen to”. Jaylee and Zero from GK:AD, a sub-site from JPopJRocks.com, awarded the album a B−, calling the dance tracks gems and praising a majority of the album's ballads. Zero highlighted "Imagine" as the album's best track. However, they both were critical toward the composition of the second half of the album.

Commercial performance
Bon Voyage debuted at number one on both the Japanese Daily and Weekly Oricon Albums Chart, with over 46,000 units sold in its first week. It became Koda's sixth studio album to reach the top spot, but became her lowest first week sales since her debut album Affection (2002). It fell to 21 in its second week, shifting over 5,000 units. The album stayed in the top 100 for four weeks, and the overall top 300 for twelve weeks. As of January 2016, Bon Voyage has sold an estimated 59,499 units, making it her first album to not sell over the 100,000 limit. Because of this, it failed to achieve a certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). It was her lowest selling studio album at the time, until her next album Walk Of My Life sold less by May 2015 (with 50,000 units). Bon Voyage reached number five on Japan's Billboard Top Albums Sales.

Promotion

Singles
"Go to the Top" was released as the album's lead single on October 24, 2012. The song was used as the opening theme song for the Âge–developed anime series Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse. Upon its release, it garnered positive reviews from music critics. Many critics commended the song's composition, lyrical content, and Koda's vocal delivery. Minor criticism was towards the song's musical elements of 8-bit music. "Go to the Top" was successful in Japan, peaking at number one on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart, Koda's eighth number one single. It also reached number 10 on Billboard's Japan Hot 100 chart, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for physical shipments of 100,000 units. The accompanying music video for the single was shot in Tokyo by Tomoe Nakano; it features an animated Koda flying a large robot in a racing circuit with another racer.

"Koishikute" was released as the album's second single on December 26, 2012. Upon its release, it garnered positive reviews from music critics. Many critics commended the song's composition, lyrical content, and Koda's vocal delivery; critics had highlighted it as an album stand out, and labelled it a "gem". The single suffered in physical sales in Japan, reaching number seven on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart and selling over 23,000 units. It remains Koda's lowest selling single since "Hot Stuff" in 2005. However, the song was certified gold by RIAJ for digital sales of 100,000 units. The accompanying music video for the single was shot in Tokyo by Ryuji Seki; it features Koda singing the song in a subway and in a small room.

Summer Trip was released as the album's third single and first extended play single on July 31, 2013. The EP consists of four interlude tracks, two album tracks: "Lalalalala" and "Touch Down", and an unreleased track "Is This Trap?". Upon its release, Summer Trip received garnered positive reviews from music critics. Many critics commended the tracks individually for its composition and its song writing. Summer Trip debuted at number six on the Japanese Singles Chart, and sold over 20,000 units. "Lalalalala" charted on Japan's Hot 100 at number 23. This is Koda's lowest selling EP to date, surpassing Gossip Candy (2010) which sold over 84,000 units. Music videos for "Lalalalala" and "Touch Down" were shot in Venice Beach, California.

"Dreaming Now!" was released as the album's fourth and final single on November 13, 2013, which was the same day as Koda's 30th birthday. The song was written by Koda in honor of Japan's part in the 2013 Volleyball World Grand Champion Cup for men and women, both of which were held in Japan. Upon its release, it garnered positive reviews from music critics. Many critics commended the tracks composition and labelled it an anthem for the games. Despite out selling both "Koishikute" and Summer Trip with over 26,000 units sold, it charted lower on the Japanese Oricon Singles Chart at number nine. It charted at number 33 on Japan's Hot 100 chart. An accompanying music video for "Dreaming Now!" was shot in Tokyo.

Concert tour
To promote Bon Voyage, Koda went on her 2014 Bon Voyage concert tour. The concert tour went throughout Japan, and carried on the cruise theme from the album. All of the album tracks, apart from "On Your Side" and "Introduction: Bon Voyage", were included on the set list for the tour; "Is This Trap?" from Summer Trip also appeared on the set list. The concert tour was released in two formats; a double-DVD bundle, and a Blu-ray release. The bonus disc on the DVD bundle featured a new track "Money in my Bag" from Walk of My Life, alongside the backdrop visual of "Crank tha Bass" and the documentary of the tour. This material was included on the one disc for Blu-ray. Despite the release, it did not chart on the Oricon DVD and Blu-ray charts. To promote the material from Bon Voyage, remixes of "Crank tha Bass", "Loaded", "Is This Trap?", "Dreaming Now!", "Touch Down", "Winner Girls", and "Lalalalala" were later featured on Koda's eight remix album Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 6 (2014).

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Bon Voyage.

Kumi Koda – vocals, background vocals, songwriting
Joseph Lawrence – composer, producer
Toby Gad – composer, producer
Miriam Nervo – composer, songwriting
Olivia Nervo – composer, songwriting
T-SK – composer
Kim Taesung – composer, songwriting
Arama Brown – composer, songwriting
Albi Albertsson – composer, songwriting
Yuka Otsuki – songwriting
Mussashi – composer, producer
Fast Lane – composer
Mat Lie Skare – composer, producer
Jam9 – composer
M.I. – composer
Masaki Iehara – producer
Figge Brostrom – composer, producer
Anna Engh – composer, producer
Sonomi Tameoka – songwriting
UTA – composer, producer
Will Simms – producer

Joanna Levesque – songwriting
Kalis – songwriting, background vocals
Tommy Henriksen – composer, producer
Chioma Eze – composer
Dsign Music – composer(s), producer(s)
Bardur Haberg – composer, producer
Clarabell – composer, producer
Mitsu. J – composer, producer
Kipp Williams – composer, producer
Kyle Shearer – composer, producer
Mocha – songwriting
Bruno Lopez – songwriting
Lo Albringer – songwriting, composer, producer
Martin Wiik – songwriting, composer, producer
Glen Eriksson – songwriting, composer, producer
Reflection Music – producer(s)
Sean Paul – songwriting, guest vocals, background vocals
OVDS – guest vocals, background vocals
Rhythm Zone - management, label
Avex Trax - parent label, management

Charts

Sales

|}

Alternate Versions
Crank Tha Bass feat. OVDS
Crank Tha Bass feat. OVDS: Found on the album (2014)
Crank Tha Bass feat. OVDS [sumijun vs M.A.D Remix]: Found on Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 6 (2014)
Crank Tha Bass feat. OVDS [OVDS Remix] : Found on Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 6 (2014)

LOADED feat. Sean Paul
LOADED feat. Sean Paul: Found on the album (2014)
LOADED feat. Sean Paul [ELMER VoVo Remix]: Found on Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 6 (2014)

Winner Girls
Winner Girls: Found on the album (2014)
Winner Girls [Dank-One Glitch-Hop Remix]: Found on Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 6 (2014)

References

Notes

References

External links
Bon Voyage – Kumi Koda's Official website.

2014 albums
Koda Kumi albums
Avex Group albums


title: Acura Pharmaceuticals

text:
Acura Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of deterrents to medication abuse and misuse. , the company had several opioid products under development, which would use "Aversion Technology".  , it was a publicly traded company, listed on NASDAQ under the symbol "ACUR".

History
In 2013, the Company settled Oxecta patent litigation with Impax Laboratories (IPXL) and Par Pharmaceutical.

License agreements

The company has an agreement to license, develop and commercialize opioid analgesic products with King Pharmaceuticals.

Product adoptions

In 2013, multiple retailers – including Kroger and Fruth Pharmacy – stocked Acura's product Nexafed.

References

External links
Official website
Acura LinkedIn Page
Prescription Medicine

Pharmaceutical companies established in 1935
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
Health care companies based in Illinois
1935 establishments in the United States
1935 establishments in Illinois
Companies established in 1935


title: 2003 World Horticultural Exposition

text:
The 2003 World Horticultural Exposition (in German: Internationale Gartenschau 2003) was organized in the City of Rostock in Germany. It was the 17th international horticultural exposition which was recognized by the Bureau International des Expositions. The park was created in a derelict area around ruins of the former village of Schmarl, on the banks of the river Warnow. This made it possible to have a connection between water and gardens.

The project IGA 2003
The project was more than the World Horticultural Exposition. The access roads to the newly built Warnow Tunnel, the new trade fair and congress centre, the integration of the historical ship type Frieden as a wharf museum, the reuse of the park after the exhibition and the improvement of infrastructure in Rostock were part of the project as well.

Participating countries

Thirty-two countries were represented with a national garden: Austria, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Croatia, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mauritania, Netherlands, North Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam.

Financials
The preparation and furnishing of the terrain cost 62 million euros, the trade fair 32 million euros. The bills were paid by the City of Rostock, the State Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and the German federal government. 2.63 million people visited the exposition. The IGA 2003 met expectations as an attraction for holiday makers and tourists. More than half of the visitors came from outside Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and one third stayed in Rostock overnight, resulting in 50 million euros extra sales in this region. Despite this result the exposition closed with a deficit of 20 million euros due to lack of supervision by the authorities.

Events

During the IGA 2003, a total of 17,000 visitors attended 275 different meetings and congresses. 32 countries were represented with their own national gardens, and 20 of them got extra attention on the  Nationentage. Visitors liked the national gardens, the aerial cable car, the floating garden, and the 25 alternating displays in the trade fair.

Several outdoor events, totalling 1361 on 171 days, were held in the park. The main contributors were the Rostocker Volkstheater with 50 events, and the broadcaster NDR with their Open-Air-Veranstaltungen.

Willow Church

An architectural experiment was the Willow Church constructed during the preparations for the IGA 2003. It was the biggest living building of the world. The dome was 15 meters high and the church was 52 meters long. The building was designed by architect Marcel Kalberer, who also led the construction. 650 volunteers from 13 countries started building in 2001. 50 volunteers at the same time lived at a camp to knot and bundle the willow branches and set up the self-supporting construction. During the IGA an average of 300 visitors attended the mass on Sundays. 250 services took place, 3 of them marriages and 6 baptisms.

Reuse

All park facilities and a part of the national gardens were retained and can still be visited. Access to the park however is restricted by a fence, its location outside the city and the entrance fares. The stage in the park and the Willow Church are still in use. The trade fair appears to be a financial burden for the city that still has to pay for the losses.

References

External links
 IGA-Park
 Weidendom
 Official website of the BIE

World's fairs in Germany
International horticultural exhibitions
World Horticultural Exposition


title: Groupoid object

text:
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a groupoid object is both a generalization of a groupoid which is built on richer structures than sets, and a generalization of a group objects when the multiplication is only partially defined.

Definition
A groupoid object in a category C admitting finite fiber products consists of a pair of objects  together with five morphisms

satisfying the following groupoid axioms
  where the  are the two projections,
 (associativity)
 (unit)
 (inverse) , , .

Examples

Group objects
A group object is a special case of a groupoid object, where  and . One recovers therefore topological groups by taking the category of topological spaces, or Lie groups by taking the category of manifolds, etc.

Groupoids
A groupoid object in the category of sets is precisely a groupoid in the usual sense: a category in which every morphism is an isomorphism. Indeed, given such a category C, take U to be the set of all objects in C, R the set of all arrows in C, the five morphisms given by , ,  and . When the term "groupoid" can naturally refer to a groupoid object in some particular category in mind, the term groupoid set is used to refer to a groupoid object in the category of sets.

However, unlike in the previous example with Lie groups, a groupoid object in the category of manifolds is not necessarily a Lie groupoid, since the maps s and t fail to satisfy further requirements (they are not necessarily submersions).

Groupoid schemes
A groupoid S-scheme is a groupoid object in the category of schemes over some fixed base scheme S. If , then a groupoid scheme (where  are necessarily the structure map) is the same as a group scheme. A groupoid scheme is also called an algebraic groupoid, to convey the idea it is a generalization of algebraic groups and their actions.

For example, suppose an algebraic group G acts from the right on a scheme U. Then take , s the projection, t the given action. This determines a groupoid scheme.

Constructions
Given a groupoid object (R, U), the equalizer of , if any, is a group object called the inertia group of the groupoid. The coequalizer of the same diagram, if any, is the quotient of the groupoid.

Each groupoid object in a category C (if any) may be thought of as a contravariant functor from C to the category of groupoids. This way, each groupoid object determines a prestack in groupoids. This prestack is not a stack but it can be stackified to yield a stack.

The main use of the notion is that it provides an atlas for a stack. More specifically, let  be the category of -torsors. Then it is a category fibered in groupoids; in fact, (in a nice case), a Deligne–Mumford stack. Conversely, any DM stack is of this form.

See also
Simplicial scheme

Notes

References

Algebraic geometry
Scheme theory
Category theory


title: Richard L. Hauke

text:
Richard L. Hauke (1930-2017) was for many years a Professor of Botany at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston, Rhode Island. He was considered one of the world's leading experts on the plants known as horsetails (Equisetum spp.)

Born in Detroit, Michigan in 1930.

B.S. in Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1952

M.S. in Botany, University of California, Berkeley, 1954

PhD in Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1960

Professor at University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 1959-1989

sabbaticals in Costa Rica, Jordan and Kenya

After Hauke's retirement, his plant specimens were donated to the Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Most of his professional papers have been donated to the University of Rhode Island Library.

References

American botanists
Botanists with author abbreviations
1930 births
2017 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni


title: Vincenzo Tiberio

text:
Vincenzo Tiberio (May 1, 1869 – January 7, 1915) was an Italian researcher and medical officer of the Medical Corps of the Italian Navy and physician at the University of Naples. Observing that people complained of intestinal disorders after the walls of a well which supplied drinking water was cleaned off, he published a little noticed 1895 paper on the bactericidal effect of some molds, 35 years before Alexander Fleming's discovery of  penicillin.

Early life and education
Vincenzo Tiberio was born in Sepino (Molise, province of Campobasso) May 1, 1869. His father, Domenicantonio, was a notary; his mother, Filomena Guacci, came from an upper-middle-class family. He had one brother, Sebastiano. When Vincenz was only seven years old (1876) his mother died and his father married Rosa Palladino di Guardiaregia.  Vincenzo attended primary and secondary school in Sepino, but attended the secondary school final exam in Campobasso in the academic year 1883–1884. He attended high school and graduated in 1888–1889. He went on to study at the Medicine and Surgery University of Naples. During his university years he stayed at his father's sister place in Arzano, a crucial place where he started to notice a singular phenomenon which initiate his interest in molds. In the fourth year of university he started to go regularly to the Institute for Hygiene, directed by the professor Eugenio Fazio, who was studying the vital competition of bacteria. In 1892 he became an internal student of the institute, and started to learn bacteriological and chemical laboratory methods. He graduated in 1893 and immediately applied to the Health Officials at the Institute of Hygiene.

Professional career
After finishing his degree in 1893 he enrolled in the public Hygiene course. In 1894 he received the post of ordinary assistant in the institute of Patologia Speciale Medica Dimostrativa, where he contributed by working three days a week in a public clinic, also organizing the scientific journal La Riforma Medica. During this period, which lasted almost a year, he reviewed over one hundred and eighty works.

Before the end of 1894 Tiberius made a drastic choice in participating and winning the competition for medical officer of the navy abandoning his university career. According to his dairies, all his pride emerged from the uniform he wore, for belonging to the navy and for life on board ships and for the Italian flag. Another reason that can not be ruled out for taking this decision to join the navy was the lack of  reaction from the scientific community to his second and most innovative publication in his institute on the power of bacteriostatic and bactericidal power of molds "Potere batteriostatico e battericida delle muffe".

He started his service on January 1, 1896, with the rank of second class doctor,  on January 10 he was assigned to the 3rd department. His first mission was in crete. Later on he was assigned to work in chania (small town in crete island) and stayed there from April 11, 1896, to January 7, 1897, and yet again from September 10, 1897, to October 22, 1898. In December 1898 he was assigned to the Sant'Anna navy hospital in Venice in the surgery and medicine department.

On December 6, 1900, he embarked for Zanzibar where an epidemic of smallpox, malaria and other tropical diseases such as yaws, elephantiasis, filariasis and sleeping sickness had broken out, and the ship was forced to remain anchored for nine months. The mission ended in 1902, and Tiberius returned to Italy.

After this period he was promoted to  first class medical officer, and was on duty at the Maddalena department hospital where he remained until 1903.

In 1907 he began his specialization at the Institute of Hygiene of the Neapolitan University.

From April to December 1912 he was sent to Maddalena, where he took over the management of the Cabinet of Bacteriology of the Maritime Military Hospital.

From January 1913 to January 1914 he was Director of the Infirmary of the naval base of Tobruk in Libya, and director of the related Scientific Cabinet.

He returned to Italy in January 1914, where he was appointed director of “Gabinetto di Batteriologia e Igiene dell’Ospedale Militare Marittimo di Venezia” in Venice and, immediately after, he was transferred to become the director of “Gabinetto di Igiene e Batteriologia dell’Ospedale della Marina a Piedigrotta in Napoli” in Napoli.

On January 7, 1915, he became ill and died from myocardial infarction at the age of 45 years old.

Work on mold
When Tiberio attended the faculty of medicine and surgery in Naples, he moved to Arzano in the house of his aunt. In the courtyard of the house there was a well used to supply water. Because of the humidity, molds grew on the well's walls and periodical cleaning of the well was performed. Tiberio noticed that, when the well was cleaned off, the inhabitants of the house had enteritis; if molds were allowed growing, no cases of enteritis were registered. He hypothesized about the relationship between the absence of molds and the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine.

Regarding the steps of the research done by Tiberio he first collected samples from the well and observed them under the microscope. He identified three species of molds: Aspergillus flavescens, Penicillium glaucum, and Mucor mucedo.

He then prepared an aqueous extract of the individual fungi and studied their action on some bacteria. The results of the research enabled him to observe that. In the cellular substance of the molds he examined, some water-soluble principles, provided with bactericidal action, were contained. It was the first true antibiotic activity demonstrated in vitro, which Tiberius confirmed through in vivo experimentation, both on guinea pigs and rabbits. The research done by Vincenzo Tiberio was a complete scientific cycle of experiments. Starting from observation, the proving of the initial hypothesis, and also the preparation of the antibiotic substance to show its effect in vitro and in vivo. He also managed to evaluate the effective doses and time of the antibiotic efficacy. In 1895 he published the results of his experiments in an Italian medical journal, but the work was disregarded as coincidence and received no further study.

Writings and reviews
"Esame chimico, macroscopico e batterioscopico di due farine lattee italiane." Vincenzo Tiberio, Annali dell'Istituto d'Igiene sperimentale della R. Università di Roma, 1893.
 "Sugli estratti di alcune muffe." Vincenzo Tiberio, Annali di Igiene sperimentale, 1895, volume 5, pp. 91–103.
 "Varietà e cura dell'angina pectoris", Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica 298, 1894, a. X, N. 286
 "Indicazione alla colecistectomia", Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, 1895, a. XI, N. 27.
 "Notizie sul colera", Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, 1895, a. XI, N. 39
 "La batterioterapia nella tubercolosi" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, 1895, a.XI, N. 131.
 "Cura delle complicazioni nei feriti e negli operati" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, 1895, a.XI, N. 145.
 "Sugli impulsi irresistibile degli epilettici" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, 1895, a.XI, N. 146.
 "Sulla cura radicale della ipertrofia prostatica" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, July 1, 1895, a.XI, N. 151.
 "Sulla tossiterapia dei tumori maligni" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, July 3, 1895, a.XI, N. 153.
 "Sul parassitismo dei tumori maligni" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, July 8, 1895, a.XI, N. 157.
 "Sulle angine pseudo difteriche" , Vincenzo Tiberio, reviewed in Riforma Medica, July 26, 1895, a.XI, N. 173 .

Bibliography
 Perciaccante A, Coralli A, Lippi D, Appenzeller O, Bianucci R. Vincenzo Tiberio (1869-1915) and the dawn of the antibiotic age. Internal and Emergency Medicine, Springer, June 1 2019.
 Tamburello M, Villone J. Vincenzo Tiberio: La prima antibiotico-terapia sperimentale in vivo. Medicina nei secoli arte e scienza. Journal of History of Medicine, March 18 2006; pp. 965-992.
 Antonio di Chiro, "Vincenzo Tiberio Precursore Della Scoperta Della Penicillina." Glocale. Molisana, 2017, pp. 243-251.

References

1869 births
1915 deaths
Military doctors


For information on all Texas A&M University–Commerce sports, see Texas A&M–Commerce Lions
The Texas A&M–Commerce Lions men's basketball team (formerly the East Texas State Lions) is the men's intercollegiate basketball program representing Texas A&M University–Commerce. The school competes in the Southland Conference (SLC) in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). For their first 91 years of existence, they competed in the Lone Star Conference of Division II. The Lions were members of the NAIB from 1931 to 1940, the NAIA from 1940 to 1982, and joined the NCAA for the 82–83 season. The A&M–Commerce men's basketball team plays its home games at the University Field House on the university campus in Commerce, Texas. The Lions have won one NAIA National Championship during the 1954–55 season, 21 Lone Star Conference Championships, and have made National Playoff tournaments 19 times, 11 as a member of the NAIA and 8 as a member of the NCAA Division II since joining DII in 1982. The team is currently coached by Jaret Von Rosenberg.

History

Early years and NAIB membership
The men's team was formed in 1916, and then joined the Lone Star Conference (LSC) in 1931 and won their first conference championship under Jules V. Sikes in 1934. Sikes left Commerce to become head football coach at the University of Kansas and returned to Commerce in 1954 as head football coach. Sikes was replaced by S. J. Petty, who led the Lions to an LSC title in 1936. Dennis Vinzant became head coach in 1937 and the team saw its first national tournament in 1940 as they were invited to the NAIB national tournament in Kansas City, losing in the first round to Pittsburg State, 55–33.

Joining the NAIA
The Lions joined the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) for Basketball for the 1940–1941 season. Due to World War II breaking out, seasons in the mid 1940s were either shortened or cancelled, and Vinzent stopped coaching Basketball after the 1945 season after notching a 92–60 record and two Lone Star Conference Championships. Darrell Tully assumed head coaching duties and led the Lions to a conference title in 1948 and two appearances in the NAIA postseason playoffs. Milburn Smith led the team to the NAIA National Tournament in 1950 and conference title before becoming the head football coach at the University and having tremendous success. Jack Woodruff coached for one season in 1951 before leaving.

Championships under Bob Rogers
Bob Rogers arrived in Commerce in 1952 and from 1952 to 1956, the Lions had an immense amount of success. Rogers amassed a record of 113–34, Conference Championships in 1953, 1954, and 1955. Additionally, the program went to the NAIA National Tournament all of those years as well. The 1953 team finished in NAIA Final Four, losing to Hamline College and then losing the National third place game to Indiana State University by 3 points. In the 1954 tournament, the Lions defeated North Texas, Portland State, and Geneva College before losing to Southwest Missouri State in overtime. Entering the 1955 tournament, ET finally broke through by sailing through the tournament and defeating Southeastern Oklahoma State University 71–54 in the National Championship Game. It was the final time the Lions would make the National tournament under Rogers, despite having winning records in 1956 and a conference title in 1957 before leaving Commerce to become head coach for Texas A&M University.

Norman Pilgrim Era
Norman Pilgrim became head coach and the Lions had another run of success under his tenure. Pilgrim coached from 1957 to 1967 and he won two Lone Star Conference Championships in 1958 and 1964. The team returned to the NAIA Elite 8 in 1958. In 1964 ET qualified for the postseason yet again, but lost in the NAIA District playoff to St. Mary's. In 1966, the Lions played Texas Western University's (now The University of Texas at El Paso) historic color barrier breaking team. The game was featured in the Walt Disney film Glory Road. This caused controversy as in the film, the East Texas squad and fans were shown to be very hostile to the Texas Western Black players. In reality, the Lions suited up 3 Black players and the game was played in El Paso and resulted in a 73-51 Miner win, rather than the close and tense affair played in Commerce. Pilgrim amassed a 152–126 record before retiring.

Jim Gudger Years
From 1969 to 1982, Jim Gudger coached the Lions with mostly successful seasons. The team had won the Lone Star Conference 3 times (1974, 1977, 1978) and were selected for the National Tournament times as well. Losing in the first round in 1974, Gudger's 1977 team went to the Elite 8, where they bowed out to Texas Southern. In 1978 the team lost to eventual National Champion Quincy in the NAIA final four, and lost in the first round to St. Mary's in 1979. Gudger retired in 1982 after winning 202 games, second most in program history. 1982 was also the final year the Lions would compete in the NAIA.

NCAA Membership & Jerry Matthews/Paul Peak Years
In 1982, the East Texas State and Lone Star Conference left the NAIA and joined the NCAA. Jerry Matthews coached from 1983 to 1990, winning 99 games and winning conference championships in 1984 and 1990. Paul Peak coached team from 1991 to 1999. Under Peak, the Lions won the LSC in 1996 and 1998. The team went to the NCAA tournament for the first time since joining the NCAA in 1996, losing to Central Missouri in the First Round. In 1997 the Lions qualified for the NCAA Elite 8 before losing to Northern Kentucky. In 1998 the Lions returned to the NCAA tournament for the third straight year, losing in the first round.

Sam Walker Era
Peak's Assistant Coach Sam Walker became Head Coach in 2000. Under Walker, the Lions won 285 games, had 10 winning seasons, and a Lone Star Conference Championship in 2005 and 2015. Walker's 2005 team went to the NCAA Elite 8 and won the Lone Star Conference Championship in 2015 and went back to the NCAA tournament, before losing in the first round to conference foe Angelo State in the NCAA first round. In Walker's final season in 2017, the Lions again qualified for the NCAA Tournament. Walker retired from coaching in 2017 to take another position with the University. His 285 wins make him the winningest coach in program history.

Current Era
Jaret von Rosenberg became the  current head coach in 2017 and currently holds an 88-46 record. In his first two seasons, the Lions finished second overall in the Conference during the 2017–18 and the 2018–19 seasons and also qualified for the NCAA tournament, finishing as NCAA South Central Region Semi-finalists both times. After falling in the LSC Semifinals during the 2019-20 season, the Lions would miss out on the LSC Tournament for the 2020-21 season after slumping to a 7-7 record.

To start the 2021-22 season, the Lions defeated the UTSA Roadrunners 65-62 in an exhibition game. The Lions would return to both the LSC and Regional Tournaments, but suffered first round exits in both.

Coaches

Arena

The A&M-Commerce men and women's basketball teams both share the university field house along with volleyball . The field house was constructed in 1950 and has been home to Men's basketball for over six decades. The Field House covers 69,000 square feet and will seat 3,055 people for either a volleyball or basketball contest. The facility is also the host to the University's Athletic Administration staff, the Sports Medicine Department and the Health and Human Performance Department; in addition to the offices for the basketball, cross country and track and field, golf, soccer and volleyball teams.

The Field House is shaped like an airplane hangar and has space for three basketball courts crossways. The floor allows three games to be played at the same time under one roof. The one lengthwise court is reserved for A&M-Commerce basketball and volleyball matches. With an arched roof, 58 feet from the ground at the highest point, is supported on steel beams that are stationed at one end. The university recently upgraded the hardwood court and placed a giant lion head logo in the center of the court similar to the one at Memorial Stadium.

Notable former players
 Bob Carpenter a former basketball player who won an NBL Championship in 1941 with the Oshkosh All-Stars, he also played in the NBA for the Fort Wayne Pistons and Tri-Cities Blackhawks.
 Jake Carter a former basketball player who played in the NBL and NBPL. In the 1949-50 season he played in the NBA for the Denver Nuggets and the Anderson Packers.
 Homer Fuller a former basketball player who played in the NBL for the Oshkosh All-Stars in the 1944-45 season.
 Bill Gaines a former basketball player drafted by the San Diego Rockets in 1968 NBA draft in the first round, and also drafted by Houston Mavericks of the ABA, he appeared in one game for the Mavericks before being cut.
 Ross Hodge a former basketball player at A&M-Commerce who is currently the head coach at North Texas.
 Lee Johnson a former basketball player drafted in the first round of the 1979 NBA draft to the Houston Rockets, Johnson spent the 1980 season with the Rockets and Pistons and also played for the Rochester Zeniths of the CBA and was awarded CBA Rookie of the Year and CBA Playoffs MVP after guiding the Zeniths to a CBA championship. He spent most of his career playing for teams in Italy, Israel, and France. Johnson was part of the Arrigoni Rieti during the 1979-80 season and won the Korać Cup. Johnson also won three consecutive Israeli League Championships and three consecutive Israeli Cups during his time with Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 1991, he won the French League Championship with Olympique Antibes
 John Lotz a former basketball player at East Texas State who later became head coach for Florida, after serving as an assistant coach at North Carolina.
 Shelby Metcalf was a member of the East Texas State Lions Men's team that won the NAIA 1954-55 National Championship, after his playing career he went on to coach at Texas A&M for 27 seasons.
 Mike Miller a former basketball player at East Texas State who went on to become the head coach at Texas State and Eastern Illinois. Currently, Miller is an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards in the NBA.
 Devondrick Walker basketball player for Rockingham Flames of the NBL1 West. Helped lead the Rockingham Flames to an NBL1 West championship and was named NBL1 West Grand Final MVP and NBL1 West League MVP.
 Kevin Widemond a former basketball player who played for Overense in 2009, Widemond passed away due to a heart attack during a game.
 Darrell Williams (born 1989), former professional basketball player that played for teams in Belgium, Serbia, Israel, France, Puerto Rico, Italy, and Mexico. In 2015 while at A&M-Commerce Williams was named named South Central region player of the year, a Daktronics first team All-American and the Texas Association of Basketball Coaches' (TABC) small college player of the year.

See also
 Texas A&M-Commerce Lions women's basketball

References

External links


The Texas A&M–Commerce Lions women's basketball team (formerly the East Texas State Lions) is the women's intercollegiate basketball program representing Texas A&M University–Commerce. The school competes in the Southland Conference (SLC) in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). For their first 51 years of existence, they competed in the Lone Star Conference of Division II. The A&M–Commerce women's basketball team plays its home games at the University Field House on the university campus in Commerce, Texas. The Lions have won one conference title and has  appeared in the NCAA tournament in 2007, 2019, 2020, and 2021. Beginning in 2023, the team will be coached by Valerie King.

History

The women's team was formed in 1971 and played their first season under Susie Knause and finished off with a 10–6 record. The team's best season came in 2006–07  under coach Denny Downing, when the team finished off with a record of 28–9, the team not only won their first (and only) conference title but also advanced to the elite eight in the NCAA tournament only to be eliminated by Clayton State. The 2006-07 team remains as the only team in program history to make it the national tournament. In 2014 the Lady Lions lost two players (Devin Oliver and Aubree Butts) in a tragic car accident in Paris, Texas, a candle light service was held at the university to honor the two and a plaque was placed in a park in Rowlett to honor Devin Oliver (who was a Rowlett High School alumni). Since their death no player on the women's basketball team has worn their jersey numbers (15 and 25). Under head coach Jason Burton the Lady Lions went to 4 consecutive NCAA tournaments from 2019 to 2022, however the 2020 tournament was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during this same time period they also won 2 conference championships (2020 and 2021). Valerie King took over as head coach of the Lady Lions basketball team beginning in 2023.

Coaches

Roster

Arena

The A&M-Commerce men and women's basketball teams both share the university field house along with volleyball. The field house was constructed in 1950 and has been home to Men's basketball for over six decades. The Field House covers 69,000 square feet and will seat 3,055 people for either a volleyball or basketball contest. The facility is also the host to the university's Athletic Administration staff, the Sports Medicine Department and the Health and Human Performance Department; in addition to the offices for the basketball, cross country and track and field, golf, soccer and volleyball teams.

The Field House is shaped like an airplane hangar and has space for three basketball courts crossways. The floor allows three games to be played at the same time under one roof. The one lengthwise court is reserved for A&M-Commerce basketball and volleyball matches. With an arched roof, 58 feet from the ground at the highest point, is supported on steel beams that are stationed at one end. The university recently upgraded the hardwood court and placed a giant lion head logo in the center of the court similar to the one at Memorial Stadium.

Notable former players

 Althea Byfield – Former professional basketball player and netball bronze medal winner for Jamaica

See also
Texas A&M-Commerce Lions men's basketball

References

External links


title: Polish Library in Paris

text:
The Polish Library in Paris (, ) is a Polish cultural centre of national importance and is closely associated both with the historic Great Emigration of the Polish élite to Paris in the 19th-century and the formation in 1832 of the Literary Society (Towarzystwo Literackie), later the Historical and Literary Society. The Library was founded in 1838 by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and Karol Sienkiewicz, among others. Its first task was to safeguard all surviving books, documents, archives and treasures of national significance. It has become a historical and documentary resource open for the use of Poles and other researchers and visitors. The Library houses three museums related to significant Polish artists: the Salon Frédéric Chopin, the Adam Mickiewicz Museum and the Bolesław Biegas Art collection. UNESCO's Memory of the World Register rates it as an institution unique of its kind.

History

The prime instigator for the creation of the Polish Library in Paris was Karol Sienkiewicz, who had managed to assemble the already existing book collections in the history and statistical departments of the
Towarzystwo Literackie w Paryżu, and the Towarzystwo Pomocy Naukowej, the Polish Literary and Scientific Aid societies. A critical role in the venture was played by the French Société de Civilisation, which, spurred on by the effect Adam Mickiewicz had with his article, "Rabunek bibliotek i muzeów w Polsce" - the pillage of libraries and museums in Poland - started a public appeal to garner support for a library dedicated to Poland. The act of foundation was signed in November 1838, followed in March 1839 by a gala opening of the building. A library committee consisting of eight delegates took on the running of the enterprise. Prince Czartoryski was elected as its life president, while the functions of secretary, librarian and treasurer were entrusted to Sienkiewicz.

To satisfy French legal requirements, Czartoryski took on formal ownership of the institution, thus securing its material survival. The initial plan was to erect a purpose-built Polish mansion in Paris to house the collections, but the shortage of funds led to the abandonment of that ambition, and instead a 17th-century four storey mansion was bought, on the Ile Saint-Louis along the Quai d'Orleans. The library moved into eleven rooms on the second floor while the rest of the building was let as accommodation to finance the loans that had been taken out. Meanwhile, the Library saw rapid expansion as gifts and legacies arrived from private individuals, for instance the collections of Małachowski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Karol Kniaziewicz and Adam Mickiewicz. By 1845 the Library held 15,000 volumes and three years later, almost 20,000 items. In 1914 the collection contained 100,000 books. In addition, there was a stock of journals and reviews, of photographs, and of medals and coins.

Towards the end of the 19th century, the activities of the Literary Society had declined, and the maintenance of the library in Paris was transferred in 1893 to the responsibility of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Kraków. in 1926, Władysław Mickiewicz (son of Adam) bequeathed his important collection of manuscripts to the library. In the following period, a number of valuable books, manuscripts and artworks which the library could not properly maintain were sent to museums and institutions in the now independent Poland.

World War II

On the eve of World War II there were 145,000 books, 1,000 manuscripts, 12,000 images, 2,800 atlases and maps and 20,000 copies of documents relating to Polish history drawn from British and French archives. Although German occupying forces seized the library's collection during World War II, the Library was able to resume work with the liberation of Paris. Most of the looted materials were returned from Germany by 1947, however, the Library faced bitter legal battles with the post-war Communist Polish government over ownership. These were eventually resolved in the Library's favour in 1959. Following Poland's return to democracy in 1989, links were reestablished with the new Polish government.

Current dilemmas

The Polish Library in Paris is the oldest cultural institution outside the territory of Poland. Since 1854 the Library has occupied the entire original building. Next to the Library are the premises of the Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Paris, opened in 1903. Attached, are also the Salon Frédéric Chopin, the only permanent exhibition in Paris to the memory of the composer and the Musée Boleslas Biegas with paintings and sculpture by the artist and other Polish artists.

In 1989 the collection had grown to 220,000 volumes, around 5,000 Polish maps, 7,000  16th - 20th century images, plus the collections of the Towarzystwo Historyczno-Literackie w Paryżu.

Although in 1893 the Library came under the predecessor of the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków, at that time in partitioned Poland, this did not resolve its relationship with the Library's neighbour and founding institution in Paris, the Historical and Literary Society, (Fr.: Société Historique et Littéraire Polonaise -SHLP). Not until 2004, after a process of arbitration, was it formally agreed that the Library is jointly "owned" by both organisations, through the mechanism of the Association de la Bibliothèque Polonaise de Paris, in effect a governing council, composed of seven delegates from each of the two "parent" institutions. Typically, these are people with distinguished academic credentials from France or Poland. The chairman of the association, or governing council of the Library, is elected for a term of 5 years and is currently C. Pierre Zaleski, from the Polish Academy of Learning. He is also the chief executive of the Library and heads a professional management team for its day-to-day running.

The Library and its part-owner, the Historical and Literary Society, are jointly members of the Standing Conference of [Polish] Museums, Archives and Libraries in the West[ern hemisphere]. This body groups all recognised collections outside Poland, but it does not cover items held in foreign institutions, nor the many thousands of objects as yet unrecovered from war-time looting and displacement.

In the present economic decline, although partly funded from Poland's higher education budget, the Library faces continuous challenges as maintenance costs rise, materials age and cultural institutions face financial competition from other social priorities and needs, not least digital ones. There is currently pressure on the Polish collection at Rapperswil Castle to leave its premises in Switzerland. This bodes ill for other such centres which may be obliged either to be scattered or receive more fragile materials, as has already disastrously happened in the case of the decimated Polish Museum at Fawley Court, England.

See also
List of foreign cultural institutes in Paris
List of museums in Paris
Chateau de Montresor
Rapperswil Castle
Hotel Lambert
Ossolineum
Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum
Polish Social and Cultural Centre
Fawley Court

Bibliography
 Bieńkowska B.: Książka na przestrzeni dziejów, Warszawa 2005
 Pezda, Janusz: Historia biblioteki polskiej w Paryżu w latach 1838-1893, Historia Iagellonica, Kraków 2013,
 Żukow-Karczewski Marek: Biblioteka przy Quai d'Orleans, "Życie Literackie", 2 IV 1989, nr 13 (1932)

References
Notes

Sources
 Zaleski, Casimir (a), La création de la Bibliothèque Polonaise, (in French), website of the Bibliothèque Polonaise, accessed 11.2.2014.
 Zaleski, Casimir (b), Première periode, (in French), website of the Bibliothèque Polonaise, accessed 11.2.2014.
 Zaleski, Casimir (c), Deuxième periode : de 1893 à 1946, (in French), website of the Bibliothèque Polonaise, accessed 11.2.2014.
 Zaleski, Casimir (d), Troisième periode : de 1946 à 1989, (in French), website of the Bibliothèque Polonaise, accessed 11.2.2014.
 Zaleski, Casimir (e), Quatrième periode : de 1989 à 2004, (in French), website of the Bibliothèque Polonaise, accessed 11.2.2014.

External links

 Website of the Standing Conference of Polish Museums, Archives and Libraries in the West (in Polish). The Polish Library in Paris in conjunction with the Historical and Literary Society is a member organisation of the Standing Conference, which held its first meeting in 1981 at the Chateau de Montresor in France.

Libraries in Paris
1838 establishments in France
Libraries established in 1838
Great Emigration
Monuments and memorials to Frédéric Chopin
Polish literature
Polish diaspora organizations
Mickiewicz, Adam
Literary museums in France
Literary archives
Museums of Polish culture abroad
Poetry museums
Polish book and manuscript collectors
Memory of the World Register in France
Buildings and structures in the 4th arrondissement of Paris
Research institutes in France
Tourist attractions in Paris
Museums established in 1838


The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment) was an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. It was placed on the Supplementary Order of Battle in 1965. In 2002, it was taken off the Supplementary Order of Battle and amalgamated with The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).

Lineage

The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment)

The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment) was formed in Vancouver, British Columbia on 15 August 1913 as the 11th Regiment Irish Fusiliers of Canada. The regiment was redesignated The Irish Fusiliers of Canada on 12 March 1920 and reorganized as a two-battalion regiment with the 1st Battalion perpetuating the 121st Battalion (Western Irish), CEF and a 2nd Battalion on the Reserve order of battle. The reserve unit was disbanded on 14 December 1936.

On 1 June 1936 the Irish Fusiliers of Canada were amalgamated with The Vancouver Regiment and were redesignated the Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment). It was redesignated as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment) on 1 January 1941 and the Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment) on 1 June 1945. The regiment was converted to artillery and redesignated the 65th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Irish Fusiliers), Royal Canadian Artillery on 1 April 1946. On 1 September 1958 the regiment amalgamated with the 120th Independent Field Battery, RCA, converted to infantry and redesignated The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment).

120th Independent Field Battery, RCA / The North British Columbia Regiment
The 120th Independent Field Battery, RCA originated in Prince Rupert, British Columbia on 1 May 1914 as the Earl Grey's Own Rifles. It was redesignated as the 68th Regiment (Earl Grey's Own Rifles) on 2 November 1914 and as The North British Columbia Regiment on 12 March 1920. Upon redesignation as The North British Columbia Regiment it was organized as a two battalion regiment with the 1st Battalion perpetuating the 102nd Battalion, CEF and the 2nd Battalion, perpetuating the 30th Battalion, CEF, on the Reserve order of battle. The reserve unit was disbanded on 14 December 1936.

On 15 December 1936 the North British Columbia Regiment was converted to artillery and redesignated as the 102nd (North British Columbia) Heavy Battery, RCA. During the Second World War it was redesignated as the 102nd (Reserve) (North British Columbia) Heavy Battery, RCA on 1 January 1941 and as the 120th Coast Battery, RCA on 1 April 1946. Following the Second World War, the unit was redesignated again as the 120th Heavy Anti Aircraft Battery, RCA on 5 February 1948, as the 120th Harbour Defence Troop, RCA on 17 October 1954 and the 120th Independent Field Battery, RCA on 25 October 1956. On 1 September 1958, it was amalgamated with the 65th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Irish Fusiliers), RCA.

The North British Columbia Regiment was awarded the following battle honours in 1929. After conversion to artillery, these honours became dormant, being replaced by the RCA's honorary distinction .

The Vancouver Regiment

The Vancouver Regiment originated in Vancouver, British Columbia on 15 May 1924 when the 1st British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own) was reorganized into three separate regiments designated the 1st British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own), The Westminster Regiment and The Vancouver Regiment. On 1 June 1936, it was amalgamated with The Irish Fusiliers of Canada.

Perpetuations
The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment) perpetuated the following units:

 29th Battalion (Vancouver), CEF
 30th Battalion, CEF
 102nd Battalion, CEF
 121st Battalion (Western Irish), CEF
 158th Battalion (The Duke of Connaught's Own), CEF

After amalgamation in 2002, these perpetuations are continued on by The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).

History

First World War
On 6 August 1914, the 11th Regiment Irish Fusiliers of Canada was placed on active service for local protection duties.

On 7 November 1914, the 29th Battalion, CEF was authorized for service and on 20 May 1915, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. On 17 September 1915, the 29th Battalion disembarked in France where it fought as part of the 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. On 30 August 1920, the 29th Battalion was disbanded after its return to Canada.

On 27 October 1914, the 30th Battalion, CEF was authorized and on 23 February 1915, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. After its arrival in the UK, on 18 April 1915, it was redesignated as the 30th Reserve Battalion, CEF to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 4 January 1917, its personnel were absorbed by the '1st Reserve Battalion, CEF and on 1 September 1917, the 30th Battalion was disbanded.

On 22 December 1915, the 102nd Battalion, CEF was authorized and on 18 June 1916, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. On 12 August 1916, the 102nd Battalion disembarked in France where it fought as part of the 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. On 30 August 1920, the 102nd Battalion was disbanded after its return to Canada.

On 22 December 1915, the 121st Battalion, CEF was authorized and on 14 November 1916, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. After its arrival in the UK, the battalion provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 10 January 1917, its personnel were absorbed by the 16th Reserve Battalion, CEF and on 17 July 1917, the 121st Battalion was disbanded.

On 22 December 1915, the 158th Battalion, CEF was authorized and on 14 November 1916, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. After its arrival in the UK, the battalion provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. On 4 January 1917, its personnel were absorbed by the 1st Reserve Battalion, CEF and on 27 July 1917, the 158th Battalion was disbanded.

Second World War

Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment)
On 26 August 1939, detachments from the Irish Fusiliers were called out on service and on 1 September 1939, placed on active service under the designation 'Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment), CASF for local protection duties. On 31 December 1940, those details called out on active service were disbanded.

On 1 January 1941, the regiment was subsequently mobilized for active service as the 1st Battalion, Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment), CASF. The battalion served in Canada in a home defence role as part of the 18th Canadian Infantry Brigade, 6th Canadian Infantry Division. From 18 May 1943 to 6 August 1944, the battalion served on garrison duty in Jamaica. On 10 January 1945, the battalion embarked for Great Britain. After its arrival in the UK, on 19 January 1945, the battalion was disbanded to provide reinforcements to the First Canadian Army in the field.

On 12 May 1942, the regiment also mobilized the 3rd Battalion, Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment), CASF. The battalion served in Canada in a home defence role as part of the 19th Canadian Infantry Brigade of Pacific Command. On 15 August 1943, the 3rd battalion, Irish Fusiliers (Vancouver Regiment) was disbanded.

102nd Battery
On 26 August 1939, the 102nd Battery was called out for service and on 1 September 1939, details of the battery were placed on active service under the designation of the 102nd (North British Columbia) Heavy Battery, RCA, CASF for local protection duties. On 31 December 1940, those details called out on active service were disbanded.

On 1 January 1941, the battery subsequently mobilized as the 102nd (North British Columbia) Heavy Battery, RCA, CASF for active service. On 1 May 1942, it was redesignated the 102nd Coast Battery, RCA, CASF. The battery served in Canada in a home defence role with the 17th (North British Columbia) Coast Regiment, RCA, CASF as part of Pacific Command. On 31 October 1945, the battery was disbanded.

Post war
The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment) were reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 19 March 1965. On 13 June 2002, it was removed from the Supplementary Order of Battle and amalgamated with The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).  The regiment is commemorated by 2381 BC Regiment (Irish Fusiliers) Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps of Richmond, B.C.

Alliances

  - The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) (Until 1961)
  - The Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's) (Until 1965)

Battle honours

Great War

 Ypres, 1915, '17
 Mount Sorrel
 Flers-Courcelette
 Ancre Heights
 Arras, 1917, '18
 Scarpe, 1917, '18
 Passchendaele
 Drocourt-Quéant
 Canal du Nord
 Valenciennes
 Festubert, 1915
 Somme, 1916, '18
 Thiepval
 Ancre, 1916
 Vimy, 1917
 Hill 70
 Amiens
 Hindenburg Line
 Cambrai, 1918
 France and Flanders, 1915–18

After amalgamation in 2002, these battle honours are continued on by The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own).

Notable members

 Sherwood Lett
 Michael George Levy

Royal Canadian Army Cadets
The regiment is commemorated by 2381 British Columbia Regiment Irish Fusiliers Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps in Richmond, B.C.

References

Links
http://canadiansoldiers.com/regiments/infantry/irishfusiliers.htm

Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment)
Fusilier regiments of Canada
Irish regiments in Canada
Military units and formations of British Columbia
Military units and formations disestablished in 1965
Military units and formations established in 1913
Infantry regiments of Canada in World War II
Supplementary Order of Battle


title: Kiaulės Nugara

text:
Kiaulės Nugara is an island in the Curonian Lagoon, Port of Klaipėda, Lithuania. The name of island means the back of a pig in the Lithuanian language.

One of the biggest islands of Lithuania, its length is around 800 meters and its width around 200–300 meters. The island is used for the electric power transmission station between Klaipėda and Curonian Spit. Sailing between the island and ferry terminal is not allowed, because of electric cables which hang at a height of only nine meters.

At the end of 2014, Klaipėda LNG FSRU planned to start working on the island.

References

Islands of Lithuania
Klaipėda


title: Animal Heart

text:
Animal Heart is the debut studio album by Nina Persson, singer of The Cardigans, released on February 10, 2014 through Lojinx in Europe and The End Records in North America. A video for the title track of the album was released in November 2013.

Critical reception

Initial critical reception of the album has been generally positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 68, based on 10 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from AllMusic.
Musicians
 Nina Persson – vocal and instrumental performance, production
 Nathan Larson – bass guitar, electric guitar, lap steel guitar, percussion, pump organ, synthesizer, vibraphone, background vocals, engineer, production
 Eric D. Johnson – autoharp, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, lap steel guitar, percussion, piano, pump organ, synthesizer, background vocals, engineer, production
 Brian Kantor – drums (1 to 5, 7 to 9, 11, 12)
 Bengt Lagerberg – drums (6, 10)

Technical personnel
 Sophie Bille Brahe – illustration
 Kalle Gustafsson – engineer
 Annele Hencz – publicity
 Nicholas Johansson – A&R
 Fred Kevorkian – mastering
 Joe McGinty – engineer
 Thom Monahan – mixing
 Staffan Persson – engineer
 Jörgen Ringstrand – photography
 Geoff Sanoff – engineer
 Barry Taylor – management
 Jessica Weitz – management

Album charts

Release history

References

2014 debut albums
Nina Persson albums
Lojinx albums
The End Records albums


title: Aldaier Makatindu

text:
Aldaier Makatindu (born 25 May 1992) is an Indonesian former footballer who plays as a forward.

Career
On January 14, 2015, he signed with Borneo Samarinda.

International goals
International under-23 goals

Honours

Club
Persisam Putra Samarinda U-21
 Indonesia Super League U-21 runner-up: 2012

International
Indonesia U-23
 Islamic Solidarity Games  Silver medal: 2013

Individual
 Indonesia Super League U-21 Top Goalscorer: 2010–11, 2012

References

External links

 Aldaier Makatindu at Liga Indonesia

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Jakarta
Indonesian men's footballers
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Liga 2 (Indonesia) players
Perseba Bangkalan players
Putra Samarinda F.C. players
Borneo F.C. Samarinda players
Persiba Balikpapan players
Madura F.C. players
PSIS Semarang players
PSIM Yogyakarta players
Sulut United F.C. players
Indonesia men's youth international footballers
Footballers at the 2014 Asian Games
Men's association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for Indonesia


title: Julia Clair

text:
Julia Clair (born 20 March 1994) is a French ski jumper. She was born in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, and represents the club SC Xonrupt. Her junior career includes a silver medal at the 2013 Junior World Championships in Erzurum, and a bronze medal at the 2014 Junior World Championships in Val di Fiemme. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the ladies normal hill.

References

1994 births
Living people
People from Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
French female ski jumpers
Ski jumpers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic ski jumpers for France
Sportspeople from Vosges (department)
European Games competitors for France
Ski jumpers at the 2023 European Games


title: Vaniusha and The Giant

text:
Vaniusha and The Giant () is a 1993 Russian stop-motion animation film by Vladimir Danilevich. This film was produced by Soyuzmultfilm studio. The film is about The Friendly Newcomer from another planet. The film is the fourth film of the tetralogy, which tells about the adventures of The Newcomer Vaniusha and his friends. The first three films are The Newcomer in The Cabbage, Vaniusha The Newcomer and Vaniusha and The Space Pirate.

Plot summary
The friends go to the distant past, many-many centuries ago. There they help The Good-Natured Giant. The Evil Knights and The Dragons hurt The Good-Natured Giant. Vaniusha with his friends help the giant and take him in their village, in the our century.

In the plot of this film are mixed the elements of the folk tales and science fiction stories.

Creators

See also
"The Newcomer in The Cabbage"
"Vaniusha The Newcomer"
"Vaniusha and The Space Pirate"

External links
Vaniusha and The Giant (en) at Animator.ru
The Film at The Russian Movie base (rus) at Kinopoisk.ru

1993 films
Russian animated films
Soyuzmultfilm


title: Went with the Wind!

text:
"Went with the Wind!" is a comedy sketch featured on the eighth episode of the tenth season of The Carol Burnett Show. It originally aired in the United States on CBS on November 13, 1976, and is a parody of the 1939 American historical drama film Gone with the Wind. The sketch was written by two young writers, Rick Hawkins and Liz Sage. In 2009, TV Guide ranked the sketch #53 on its list of "Top 100 Episodes of All Time".

Cast
 Carol Burnett as Starlett O'Hara, a parody of Scarlett O'Hara
 Harvey Korman as Captain Ratt Butler, a parody of Rhett Butler
 Dinah Shore as Melody, a parody of Melanie Hamilton
 Vicki Lawrence as Sissy, a parody of Prissy
 Tim Conway as Brashly, a parody of Ashley Wilkes
 Don Crichton as the Yankee soldier

Premise
Burnett introduces the sketch:

Part One
ATLANTA, TERRA PLANTATION SOMEWHERE IN GEORGIA: Starlett O'Hara hosts a party and greets her guests. Sissy, her house servant, comes to tell Starlett that Brashly Wilkes has arrived. Starlett, infatuated with the clueless Brashly, opens the door to find him introducing her to his cousin, Melody. Starlett begins to express her love for Brashly but her words quickly turn to anger when he informs her that he's married Melody. Upset, Starlett throws a vase, which is caught by the visiting Captain Ratt Butler. The two share a moment, only to be interrupted by the breakout of a war.

Everyone leaves, save for Melody, who announces that she's in labor. Outside, a fire breaks out after Sissy gives a Yankee soldier a match. As Melody gives birth and a wailing Sissy traipses circles around the couch, Starlett delivers her speech about how she will "never go hungry again".

Part Two
TERRA PLANTATION, ONE WAR LATER. Sissy comes and tells Starlett that the war is over. The Yankee soldier returns to Terra to collect back taxes. Starlett incapacitates the soldier with a chair. Brashly returns and admits that he's broke but Captain Butler has since become a millionaire. Starlett, trying to figure out a way to ask Ratt for the money, quickly pulls down the drapes and goes upstairs to make a dress.

Sissy stalls Ratt briefly, and Starlett descends in her handmade dress, complete with curtain rod, and Ratt professes his love. The Yankee soldier comes to, marries Ratt and Starlett, and is given the back taxes. After an altercation and realizing that Starlett is in love with Brashly, Melody dies but not before she pushes Starlett down the stairs. Brashly leaves, followed by Ratt, who begins to deliver the famous line but Starlett slams the door in his face. Defeated and aimless, Starlett asks Sissy what to do, whereas Sissy slaps her, stating "Frankly, Miss Starlett, I don’t give a damn".

Cultural references
The sketch made various cultural references including Bobbie Gentry's "Ode to Billie Joe", Tony Orlando and Dawn's "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree", "Dixie", "Camptown Races", Chicken of the Sea, A Streetcar Named Desire, and tuna casserole.

Curtain dress

The curtain dress was conceptualized and designed by The Carol Burnett Show costumer Bob Mackie. It parodies a scene in Gone With the Wind where Scarlett refashions a set of green curtains into a dress to wear. The script called for the dress to be hanging off Burnett, but Mackie did not find it funny. He asked the art director for a real curtain rod and green fabric and made the dress on a mannequin. Burnett said that she came into costume fittings and when she saw the curtain rod she said it was the most brilliant sight gag ever.

Earlier parodies
Exactly nine years earlier to the day, November 13, 1967, The Carol Burnett Show aired a different spoof entitled "Gone with the Breeze". In that sketch, Burnett's character was named "Scarlett O'Fever". Guest star Richard Chamberlain played "Ratt Butler", and Korman appeared as "Uncle Ben".

On another occasion, during a tribute to the films of MGM, a quickie based on Gone With the Wind was performed by Lawrence as Scarlett and Lyle Waggoner as Rhett.

Legacy
The curtain dress scene was named #2 in TV Guides January 23–29, 1999 list of "The 50 Funniest TV Moments of All Time". The laughter when Burnett descends the staircase was too long—indeed, it was the longest-length audience reaction in the series' entire ten-year run—and had to be edited.

The entire outfit, curtain rod and all, is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Additionally, in 2009, Mattel released a Starlett doll under the Barbie Celebrity Doll line.

See also
 Gone With the Wind, 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell

References

External links

1976 in American television
Comedy sketches
Parodies of literature
Parodies of films
Works based on Gone with the Wind
Carol Burnett
The Carol Burnett Show


title: Julia Fons

text:
Julia Fons de Checa (1882 – 4 January 1973) was a singer and cupletista from Spain.

Early life
Born in Seville, she moved to Madrid at the age of eight.

Career
Julia Fons was popular during the first quarter of the 20th century, when the género chico, operetta, cuplé, and zarzuela were favored, cultivating these genres. In 1903, she joined the Casimiro Ortas Company and was a notable performer of Madrid's Teatro Eslava. She died in Madrid in 1973.

References

1882 births
1973 deaths
Musicians from Seville
Spanish musical theatre actresses
20th-century Spanish women opera singers
Cupletistas


title: Julius Ihonvbere

text:
Julius O. Ihonvbere (born 25 June 1956)  is a Nigerian professor and Politician born in Oyo in the old Western Region. He attended CMS Primary School in Oyo, St. John's CAC School, Warri, and Edo Boys High School in Ugbowo, Benin City, where he obtained the West African School Certificate.  He took his B.A. Combined Honors degree in history and political science from the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University).

He is a member of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He is the lawmaker representing Owan Federal Constituency of Edo State and the Chairman House of Representatives Committee on Basic Education.

Ihonvbere was the former Special Adviser on Project Monitoring and Implementation to Nigeria ex-President Olusegun Obasanjo and He was two-time PDP governorship aspirant in Edo State, He lost his first governorship primaries in 2007 to former governor of the state, Prof. Osariemen Osunbor.

Education and career
He obtained his MA in international affairs and Ph.D. in political science from Carleton University, Ottawa and the University of Toronto respectively. He then proceeded to teach at the University of Ife, Ogun State University and University of Port Harcourt all in Nigeria.  He was forced into self-exile in 1990, and returned to the University of Toronto as visiting professor of African politics.  In 1991, he moved to the University of Texas at Austin, where he taught African and third-world politics as well as courses on US–Africa relations.  In 1997, he joined the Ford Foundation in New York as program officer in the Peace and Social Justice Program and was responsible for the portfolio on “Pluralism and Governance” until 2002, when he voluntarily withdrew his services to return to Nigeria.

As a student he was sanitary and health prefect at Edo Boys High School, Benin City, and later public relations officer of the University of Ife Students' Union.  His meritorious services earned him several awards, including a life membership of the Students' Union.  When he returned to Ife as a lecturer in international relations he became secretary of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU).

At the University of Port Harcourt, he served first as vice-chairman and later as chairman of the Academic Staff Union of universities (ASUU).  He also served as head of the Department of Political and Administrative Studies at the University of Port Harcourt and president of the Senior Staff Club.  He was adviser to the Students' Union Government of the University of Port Harcourt for several years.

His research interests are in state-civil society relations, constitutionalism, demilitarization, democratization, globalization, and human rights in the developing world with special interest in Africa.  An activist scholar, Ihonvbere was very active in the foreign-based opposition struggles against military rule in Nigeria.  He was a well-known voice in the opposition Radio:  The Voice of Democracy (Alias Radio Kudirat International). He was Founding President of the Organization of Nigerians in the Americas (ONA) and co-coordinator of the Global Network of Nigerian Organizations (GNNO).  He is the current vice-chair of the United Democratic Front of Nigeria (UDFN) – a coalition of pro-democracy, nationality, and human rights groups in North America and Europe with Professor Wole Soyinka as chairman.  He was in the executive of the Joint Action Committee on Nigeria (JACON) that brought together the opposition groups in exile.

Ihonvbere is a recipient of numerous national and international honours and awards.  He is member, Nigeria Development Forum (NDF), and holds the National Honour of Order of the Officer of the Niger (OON).  The University of Ife Alumni Association has also honoured him with the Order of Great Ife (OGI).  He has numerous honors, awards and recognitions from the world over. The Association of Third World Studies also honoured him with the First Mario Zamora Memorial Award for academic excellence.

He is an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Administrative Management of Nigeria and listed in Who is Who in Nigeria as well as in the Profiles of African Scientists.  In 2007, he was bestowed with the Edo Man of the Year award by the Ivory Tower Organisation in Edo State for his “unusually brilliant, tolerant, inclusive and vibrant political style and capacity to mobilize people.”  He is patron of the Association of Community Newspapers Publishers Edo State, a Paul Harris Fellow of the Rotary Club International and an Ambassador of Peace.

Ihonvbere has been described by the African Centre for Democratic Governance (AFRIGOV) as “the most widely published academic of last century.”  His recent articles have appeared in numerous international journals including Africa Today, The Journal of Modern African Studies, International Politics, International Journal, Third World Quarterly, World Development, and The Journal of Political and Military Sociology.

In sum, Ihonvbere has published 12 Authored/co-authored/co-edited Academic books; 9 full monographs; 79 refereed academic papers; 46 book chapters; 20 commentaries and 190 research/conference papers.

Ihonvbere's authored, co-authored or edited books include:
 Political Liberalisation and Democratisation in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences (co-edited with John Mbaku) (2003)

Africa and the New World Order (2000)
 Towards a New Constitutionalism in Africa (2000)
 Labor, State and Capital in Nigeria's Oil Industry (1999)
 The Illusions of Power: Nigeria in Transition (with Timothy Shaw) (1998)
 Multiparty Democracy and Political Change: Constraints to Democratization in Africa (co-edited with John Mbaku) (1998)
 Nigeria: The Politics of Adjustment and Democracy (1994)
 Economic Crisis, Civil Society and Democratization: The Case of Zambia (1996)
 The Rise and Fall of Nigeria’s Second Republic (with Toyin Falola)
 Political Economy of Crisis and Underdevelopment in Africa: Selected Works of Claude Ake (edited) 1989
 Towards a Political Economy of Nigeria: Petroleum and Politics at the (Semi-) Periphery (co-authored with Timothy Shaw). 1988
 Nigeria and the International Capitalist System (co-edited with Toyin Falola) 1988

Professor Julius Ihonvbere has other forthcoming books, including:
 The Challenge of Leadership in Nigeria
 Swimming Upstream: The Reality of Playing Practical Politics in Nigeria
Ihonvbere holds several traditional titles from different parts of Nigeria, including Irialugie of Auchi Kingdom; Ogieanor of Uzuaire and the Iyase (traditional Prime Minister) of Iuleha in Owan West Local Government Area of Edo State.

Ihonvbere has served as:
 Special Adviser to the president on Policy and Programmes Monitoring
 Speech Writer to the president of Nigeria
 Member, Niger Delta Technical Committee
 Member of the Council of Adekunle Ajasin University
 Chairman, Finance/Fundraising Committee of the First Nigeria-China Trade and Investment Forum
 Nigeria's representative to the International Board, Forum of Federations with HQ in Ottawa, Canada
 Member Vision 202020 National Technical Working Group (Political System Thematic Area)
 Chairman of the International Board, CHESTRAD based in the UK and Nigeria
 Chairman of the board, Institute for Corporate and Business Affairs and Management, Lagos
 Board Member, Institute for New Leadership
 Chairman, Ihonvbere Foundation, and president, Greentree Consultants based in Abuja.
 Chairman, Ihonvbere Farms Limited
 Chairman, Hastings Global Services Limited
Among numerous local, state, national and international responsibilities.

Ihonvbere initially resigned as the secretary to Edo State Government (SSG) after the deeply flawed Edo North APC Senatorial Primaries, but the Edo State government prevailed on him to return as the SSG after state workers and national leaders decried the leadership vacuum created by his sudden exit.

Politics
Ihonvbere represents Owan West/East Federal Constituency and APC House majority Leader.

References

External links
Personal website

Academic staff of Olabisi Onabanjo University
1956 births
Living people
Edo State politicians
Academic staff of Obafemi Awolowo University
Academic staff of the University of Port Harcourt
University of Texas at Austin faculty


title: 1981 Essex County Council election

text:
Summary

|-bgcolor=#F6F6F6
| colspan=2 style="text-align: right; margin-right: 1em" | Total
| style="text-align: right;" | 98
| colspan=5 |
| style="text-align: right;" | 462,244
| style="text-align: right;" |
|-
|}

Division results

Basildon

Braintree

Brentwood

Castle Point

Chelmsford

Colchester

Epping Forest

Harlow

Maldon

Rochford

Southend

Tendring

Thurrock

Uttlesford

References

Essex County Council elections
1981 English local elections
1980s in Essex


title: Roberto Puķītis

text:
Roberto Puķītis (born 16 December 1994, in Ventspils) is a Latvian male short track speed skater.

References

External links
Roberto Puķītis's profile , from http://www.sochi2014.com ; retrieved 2014-02-11.

1994 births
Living people
Latvian male short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for Latvia
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
People from Ventspils
21st-century Latvian people


title: 2013 Honda Indy Toronto

text:
The  2013 Honda Indy Toronto was a Canadian open wheel motor race held as the twelfth and thirteenth rounds of the 2013 IndyCar Series season. It was the 27th Indy Toronto For the first time in its 28-year history it was held over two races instead of one. The races were contested over 85 laps each at the  street course at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Both races were won by New Zealander Scott Dixon driving for the Chip Ganassi Racing team. By the end of the weekend Dixon had won three races consecutively, adding to his victory in the previous race, the Pocono IndyCar 400. Dixon had risen from fourth in the points to second, just 29 points behind Hélio Castroneves putting his charge towards his third Indycar championship back on track. Dragon Racing's Sébastien Bourdais had his best weekend of the season, finishing second on Saturday and third on Sunday behind Castroneves. Dixon's teammate Dario Franchitti followed immediate behind Bourdais in both races for a third and a fourth, scoring more points than Castroneves for the weekend.

The first race saw Dixon overhaul Bourdais late in the race to take the victory. The much hyped standing start was shifted from Race 1 to Race 2 after Josef Newgarden stalled on the grid for the Saturday race. Franchitti's third place was originally taken away when he was assigned a 25-second penalty for blocking Will Power's attempted overtake for third place on the final lap. Power hit the barriers and would be classified in 15th. The penalty was later rescinded. Early in the race Ryan Briscoe broke his wrist in an accident. Indly Lights driver Carlos Muñoz was drafted in to replace him on Sunday.

Dixon dominated the Sunday race, leading home Castroneves ahead of a battle between Bourdais, Franchitti, Power and Ryan Hunter-Reay that ended with a collision that eliminated Power, Hunter-Reay and Takuma Sato.

They were Dixon's first wins in Toronto and the fifth and sixth IndyCar victories in Toronto for Chip Ganassi Racing.

Classification

Round 12

Round 13

Notes
 Points include 1 point for pole position and 2 points for most laps led.

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship

Note: Only the top five positions are included for the driver standings.

References

External links

Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto


title: Neustraße/Nieuwstraat (Herzogenrath/Kerkrade)

text:
The Neustraße/Nieuwstraat is a road that is both in the German town of Herzogenrath and in the Dutch town of Kerkrade.

Streets in Germany
Streets in the Netherlands
Geography of Limburg (Netherlands)
Transport in Kerkrade
Aachen (district)


title: Jalan Bukit Larut

text:
Jalan Bukit Larut, or Maxwell Hill Road, Federal Route 315, is a federal road in Perak, Malaysia. The road connects Taiping Lake Gardens in Taiping until Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill) summit. The access road from Hutan Lipur Kaki Bukit Larut to Bukit Larut is available only by (government-owned) resort authority's Land Rovers (private vehicles are not allowed without a permit) although people are free to walk up the hill as many do for exercise (reaching the peak can take up to 3–5 hours). The journey, 13 kilometres from the base to the top of Bukit Larut using Land Rovers, takes around 30 minutes.

The Kilometre Zero is located at Jalan Taman Tasik junctions.

Taiping War Cemetery is located near the road.

At most sections, the Federal Route 315 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.

List of junctions and town
The entire route is located within the district of Larut, Matang dan Selama, Perak. All junctions listed are at-grade intersections unless stated otherwise.

References

Malaysian Federal Roads


title: Sébastien Lepape

text:
Sébastien Lepape (born 4 July 1991, in Montivilliers) is a French male short track speed skater.

References

External links
 Sébastien Lepape's profile , from http://www.sochi2014.com ; retrieved 2014-02-10.

1991 births
Living people
French male short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for France
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
21st-century French people


title: Algerian Canadians

text:
Algerian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Algerian ancestry or Algeria-born people residing in Canada, as well as people from the state of Algeria who are ethno-linguistic and religious minorities. According to the 2011 Census there were 49,110 Canadians who claimed full or partial Algerian ancestry. Canada is home to the largest Algerian community in North America.

Between 2004 and 2013, 42,252 permanent residents moved to Canada from Algeria.

Notable Algerian Canadians
 Rabah Aït Ouyahia, actor
 Boualem Khouider, climate scientist
 Zachary Lagha, ice dancer
 Lynda Thalie, singer-songwriter
 Zaho, singer

See also
Moroccan Canadians
Tunisian Canadians
Arab Canadians
Berbers in Canada
Algeria–Canada relations
Middle Eastern Canadians

References

Arab Canadian
Algerian emigrants to Canada
Canada
Algerian
African Canadian