title: Roman Ragozin

text:
Roman Ragozin (born January 4, 1993 in Ridder) is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier.

Ragozin competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan. He placed 33rd in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Ragozin made his World Cup debut in December 2013. As of April 2014, his best finish is a 22nd, in a freestyle sprint event at Szklarska Poreba in 2013–14. His best World Cup overall finish is 140th, in 2013–14. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 87th, in the 2013–14 sprint.

References

1993 births
Living people
People from Ridder, Kazakhstan
Sportspeople from East Kazakhstan Region
Olympic cross-country skiers for Kazakhstan
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Kazakhstani male cross-country skiers
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
21st-century Kazakhstani people


title: Anssi Pentsinen

text:
Anssi Pentsinen (born 30 August 1986 in Jämsä) is a Finnish cross-country skier.

Pentsinen competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Finland. He placed 34th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 16th, in both the team and individual sprints in 2013.

Pentsinen made his World Cup debut in March 2008. As of April 2014, his best finish is 4th, in a freestyle sprint race at Düsseldorf in 2011–12. His best World Cup overall finish is 53rd, in 2012–13. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 17th, in the 2012-13 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Finland
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
People from Jämsä
Finnish male cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from Central Finland
21st-century Finnish people


title: Sebastian Eisenlauer

text:
Sebastian Eisenlauer (born 13 March 1990) is a retired German cross-country skier.

Eisenlauer competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Germany. He placed 35th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships is 43rd, in the classical sprint event in 2013.

Eisenlauer made his World Cup debut in December 2010. As of April 2014, his best finish is a sixth, in a classical team sprint event at Nove Mesto in 2013–14. His best individual finish is seventh, in a Tour de Ski freestyle sprint race at Oberhof in 2013–14. His best World Cup overall finish is 34th, in 2015–16. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 22nd, in the 2013–14 sprint.

In March 2021, he announced his retirement from cross-country skiing.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Germany
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
People from Sonthofen
Sportspeople from Swabia (Bavaria)
Skiers from Bavaria
German male cross-country skiers
Tour de Ski skiers
21st-century German people


title: Baptiste Gros

text:
Baptiste Gros (born 17 July 1990 in Annecy) is a French cross-country skier.

Gros competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. He placed 40th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Gros made his World Cup debut in December 2010. As of January 2016, he has four World Cup podium finishes, three seconds and a third, all in sprint disciplines. His best World Cup overall finish is 76th, in 2013–14. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 32nd, in the 2013-14 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

Individual podiums
 1 victory – (1 )
 5 podiums – (4 , 1 )

Team podiums
 2 podiums – (2 )

References

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for France
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Annecy
French male cross-country skiers
Universiade medalists in cross-country skiing
Université Savoie Mont Blanc alumni
FISU World University Games gold medalists for France
Universiade silver medalists for France
Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade
21st-century French people


title: Bob Ricketts

text:
Robert Williams Ricketts (March 15, 1885 – November 25, 1936) was an American musician, composer, lyricist, bandleader, song arranger and music publisher. Bob Ricketts was associated with fellow musician and songwriter Porter Grainger and together they produced a number of musical works.

Career
Ricketts was living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1918, where he led the pit band at the Standard Theater in South Philadelphia. Upon his arrival in New York City, he had joined forces with Porter Grainger; together they wrote a number of songs and embarked on a number of endeavors including establishing a publishing house called the Rainbow Music Company; their chief financial backer was the composer Irving Berlin

In 1924, the Pittsburgh Courier reported that Ricketts and Grainger wrote "twenty-two musical numbers" for a show called Honey, with the book by noted vaudevillians Flournoy E. Miller and Aubrey Lyles.

In 1922, Ricketts led a ten piece orchestra for the show Dumb Luck (featuring Ethel Waters) that toured New England, starting in Stamford, Connecticut; but two weeks later, the cast of a hundred was stranded in Worcester, Massachusetts. Bernard Peterson reports that "the troupe was finally rescued by the producers of Shuffle Along through the efforts of Noble Sissle and his wife, who raised $700 to enable the cast to return to New York."

In 1923, "Bob Rickett's Band", consisting of Ricketts on piano, Buddy Christian or Elmer Snowden on banjo, Ernest Elliot on clarinet, Tom Morris, cornet, Charlie Irvis on trombone and Bob Fuller on alto saxophone accompanied blues singer Viola McCoy on a number of recordings. Ricketts, fronting "Rickett's Stars" also appeared on the recordings of blues singers Gladys Bryant, Esther Bigeou and Kitty Brown.

Ricketts was also known as a song arranger; among some of the compositions he worked on included works by Jimmy Durante, J. Tim Brymn and Chris Smith. Ricketts also provided arrangements for band headed by Fletcher Henderson, among others.

In 1926, Ricketts and Grainger wrote and published the pamphlet How to Play and Sing the Blues Like the Phonograph and Stage Artists;. They described the pamphlet as "An Original, Comprehensive Treatise That Thoroughly Explains and Illustrates Various Popular Types of BLUES such as 'WEARY BLUES','JAZZ BLUES', 'NEGRO SPIRITUALS,' 'LULLABIES' and Numerous 'BREAKS' for Piano." Grainger and Ricketts provided the interested reader with "A Series of Practical and Valuable Instructions That Will Enable The Lover of BLUES and SPIRITUALS to Play and Sing Them Better; A Simple Yet Thorough Short Course
to BLUES Mastery.". The pamphlet is full of helpful information and advice for the aspiring singer, including "It is possible to properly produce 'Blues' effects on any instrument, although the wailings, moanings, and croonings...are more easily produced on instruments like the saxophone, trombone, or violin. Without the necessary moan, croon, or slur...no blues number is properly sung."

In March 1929, Grainger and Ricketts were contracted by Columbia Pictures to write the script and the musical score for a motion picture entitled Jailhouse Blues, a musical short film starring Mamie Smith.

Notable songs

All songs were written in collaboration with Porter Grainger unless otherwise noted.

 "Honey (1924)
 "No One Ever Let Me In on Nothin'" (1923)
 "Hula" (1924)
 "Four-Flushing Papa" (1924)
 "I've Opened My Heart" (1923)
 "Triflin' Blues" (1923)
 "Laughin', Cryin' Blues" (1923)
 "I'm Every Man's Mama" (1924)
 "Tired Of Waitin' Blues" (1924) (recorded by Viola McCoy)
 "Papa Don't Ask Mama Where She Was ('Cause She Don't Want To Lie To You)" (1924)
 "Mistreatin' Daddy" (1923) (recorded by Bessie Smith and Mamie Smith)
 "Louisville Blues" (1925) (with Mike Jackson)
 "Ramblin' Until I Find My Lovin' Man" (1924) (with Spencer Williams)
 "I'm Gonna Get You" (1923) (recorded by Mamie Smith)
 "Charleston Crazy" (1925) (recorded by Fletcher Henderson and His Orchestra)
 "If You Want To Keep Your Daddy Home" (1923) (with Porter Grainger and Ernest Paisley)
 "My Mammy's Blues" (1923) (recorded by Mamie Smith)
 "I Don't Love Nobody" (1923) (recorded by Clara Smith)

References

1885 births
1936 deaths
African-American pianists
American blues pianists
American male pianists
American bandleaders
American composers
Songwriters from Ohio
American male composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists
African-American songwriters
20th-century African-American musicians
American male songwriters


title: Komban

text:
Komban is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by M. Muthaiah and produced by Studio Green. The film stars Karthi and Lakshmi Menon, while Rajkiran, Super Subbarayan, Thambi Ramaiah, Karunas, and Kovai Sarala play supporting roles. G. V. Prakash Kumar composed the film's music. The film released on 2 April 2015 to positive reviews.

Plot
Kombiah Pandian alias Komban is a good-hearted but short-tempered man living in a village with his mother Kottaiamma in Ramanathapuram. Komban cannot tolerate injustice in any form and repels against it immediately without fearing about its after effects. Komban falls in love with Pazhani, the only daughter of Muthiah. Kottaiamma approaches Muthiah with a wedding proposal between their children. Muthiah agrees for the wedding seeing Komban's kind heart, but fears that Komban's angry issues would make him land in problems. Despite this, Komban and Pazhani get married. One day, Komban locks horns with a corrupt politician named Gundan Ramasamy and trouble erupts between them. Muthiah is even more worried, knowing that this would put Komban's life at risk. Ramasamy kidnaps Pazhani with the plans of bringing Komban to his place, but Muthiah sees this and hits at Ramasamy and his men. During a  temple festival, Ramasamy and his men decide attacks Komban and Muthiah, but Komban kills Ramasamy and saves Muthiah.

Cast

 Karthi as Kombaiah Pandian a.k.a. Komban
 Lakshmi Menon as Pazhani Kombaiah Pandian
 Rajkiran as Muthaiyah, Pazhani's father
 Super Subbarayan as Gundan Ramasamy
 Thambi Ramaiah as Rajakili, Kottaiamma's younger brother
 Karunas as Muniyandi, Kombaiah Pandian's elder brother
 Kovai Sarala as Kottaiamma, Kombaiah Pandian's mother
 I. M. Vijayan as Muthukalai, Gundan Ramasamy's elder son
 Sai Dheena as Santhanakalai, Gundan Ramasamy's second son
 Arunmozhithevan as Gundan Ramasamy's youngest son
 G. Gnanasambandam as Magistrate
 Vela Ramamoorthy as Duraipandi
 Veerasamar as Amavasai
 G. Marimuthu as Pattasu
 Namo Narayana
 George Maryan as Tea Master
 Maha Gandhi as Bhairava
 Stalin as Inspector Inbanathan
 Hello Kandasamy as Constable
 Guru as Alangaram
 Yogi Babu as First Man in Fight
 DMJ Rajasimhan
 Dharani
 Rajalingam
 Padman
 Baba Bhaskar (special appearance in the song "Karuppu Nerathazhagi")

Production
Studio Green announced that their next production would start from June 2014 with M. Muthaiah of Kutti Puli (2013) fame taking charge of the direction and that the film would feature Karthi in a rural based role for the second time following his debut film Paruthiveeran (2007). Yuvan Shankar Raja was initially reported to be composing the film's score and soundtrack, but he was replaced with G. V. Prakash Kumar in July 2014. Velraj handled the film's cinematography. Praveen K. L. was selected to be the film's editor. Sri Divya was first reported to be the female lead, but the role went to Lakshmi Menon, who also was the maker's first choice, while Rajkiran was selected to play a pivotal role. Stunt choreographer Super Subbarayan was cast for an antagonistic role. Malayalam actor and former footballer I. M. Vijayan was chosen to portray another villain in the film. Comedian Karunas and character artist Thambi Ramaiah were added to the cast as well.

The team announced that the film would be a start-to-finish affair and the film's shoots would be wrapped up in 70 days' time. Principal photography took place on 18 June 2014. Karthi's father, actor Sivakumar attended the event. Karthi was reported to have grown a handlebar moustache and beard for his character. He also put on weight for the role. Most of the scenes were also shot at Mudukulathur. 50% of the film was completed by early October 2014.

Soundtrack

G. V. Prakash Kumar composed the soundtrack album and background score for the film, the third time he collaborated with Karthi, after Aayirathil Oruvan (2010) and Saguni (2012). Shreya Ghoshal recorded a song in the film. The lyrics were written by Ra. Thanikodi and Mahalingam.

Release
The satellite rights of the film were sold to Sun TV. The Hindi dubbed version titled Daringbaaz 2 was released in 2017.

Reception

The film received positive reviews from critics.

M. Suganth of The Times of India gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "The problem, though, is not the similarity of the characters or predictability of the plot, but the lack of real excitement in most of the scenes…The film hums along, moving from one scene to the next, without really making much of an impact in the viewer". Gautaman Bhaskaran of The Hindustan Times rated 3 out of 5 and wrote, "Komban is an endless roll of flashing knives and gritting teeth…Komban is hardly worth the time or money". Baradwaj Rangan of The Hindu wrote, "Komban: So dull...that's the real controversy". Filmibeat rated the film 3 stars out of 5, writing, "Packed with all the elements required for a successful commercial entertainer, Komban delivers the goods." Indiaglitz rated the film 3.25 stars out of 5, calling it "a raging bull".

The movie was heavily criticized by K. Krishnasamy the leader of the dalit party Puthiya Tamilagam and many dalit political leaders for its glorification of caste and was accused of fomenting intercaste violence in the state of Tamilnadu.

References

External links

2015 films
2010s Tamil-language films
Indian action drama films
2010s masala films
Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar
Films directed by M. Muthaiah
2015 action drama films


title: Juho Mikkonen

text:
Juho Mikkonen (born 28 December 1990 in Kuhmo) is a Finnish cross-country skier.

Mikkonen competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Finland. He placed 43rd in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. He also competed at the 2021 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in three events.

Mikkonen made his World Cup debut in March 2009. His best result in a World Cup race is 4th, in a freestyle sprint at Lillehammer in December 2014. His best World Cup overall finish is 78th, in the 2014–15 season. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 36th, in the 2014-15 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Finland
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Kuhmo
Finnish male cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from Kainuu
21st-century Finnish people


title: Criminal Court of Thailand

text:
The Criminal Court (; ; ) is a Thai court of justice of first instance responsible for the application of criminal law in Bangkok. The court is located on Ratchadaphisek Road and is colloquially called "Ratchada Criminal Court" (ศาลอาญารัชดาฯ).

Background

During Sukhothai Kingdom, Ayutthaya Kingdom and the initial period of Rattanakosin Kingdom, the judicial service was part of the executive service. King Chulalongkorn later launched an administrative reform by which the courts competent to deal with criminal cases in Bangkok, that is, the Metropolitan Court (ศาลนครบาล) and the Outer Criminal Court (ศาลอาญานอก), were consolidated into a Royal Criminal Court (ศาลพระราชอาชญา). The Royal Criminal Court sat at the Military Registration Hall (หอสัสดี) within the Front Palace.

In 1935, a Statute of the Courts of Justice was promulgated and renamed the Royal Criminal Court to the Criminal Court. In 1941, the Criminal Court moved its seat to a building newly constructed on Rachini Road near the Petty Crimes Division (กองลหุโทษ) of the Corrections Department, Ministry of Justice, in Phra Nakhon District. On 25 March 1992, the Criminal Court again moved to a new building on Ratchadaphisek Road in Chatuchak District.

Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction ratione materiae

According to the Statute of the Courts of Justice, 2543 BE (2000), the Criminal Court has the jurisdiction ratione materiae (jurisdiction by reason of matters) over all criminal offences committed or believed to have been committed within its territory. However, these offences must be punishable by imprisonment for more than three years, a fine of more than sixty thousand baht or both.

The offences liable to lower penalties fall within the jurisdiction of municipal courts.

Jurisdiction ratione tertiis

Under the Statute of the Courts of Justice, BE 2543 (2000), the Criminal Court has the jurisdiction ratione tertiis (jurisdiction by reason of territory) over sixteen districts of Bangkok:

 Bang Kapi District,
 Bang Khen District (Anusawari Subdistrict only),
 Bang Sue District,
 Bueng Kum District,
 Chatuchak District,
 Din Daeng District,
 Don Mueang District,
 Dusit District,
 Huai Khwang District,
 Lak Si District,
 Lat Phrao District (Lat Phrao Subdistrict only),
 Phaya Thai District,
 Phra Nakhon District,
 Ratchathewi District,
 Sai Mai District (Khlong Thanon Subdistrict only), and
 Wang Thonglang District.

Under the Criminal Code, the Criminal Court and all other courts of criminal jurisdiction also have the jurisdiction ratione tertiis over all places outside Thailand, subject to the conditions set forth therein.

Special jurisdiction

Although an offence is not committed within its territory, the Criminal Court is competent to handle the offence for the sake of convenience, if the offender resides, is domiciled or is arrested in one of the mentioned districts of Bangkok or if the inquiry is conducted therein.

Moreover, the Statute of the Courts of Justice, 2543 BE (2000), allows any offence to be brought to the Criminal Court, even though it does not meet both the criteria of territory and the criteria of convenience. But the Criminal Court is competent to exercise its discretion as to whether it should accept to address such offence.

Procedure

The procedural activities of the Criminal Court are mainly regulated by the Statute of the Courts of Justice, 2543 BE (2000), as well as the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Code of Criminal Procedure, section 15, states that if nothing in the code is applicable to any procedural activity, the Code of Civil Procedure applies thereto in so far as possible.

The Statute of the Courts of Justice, 2543 BE (2000), section 2, defines the Criminal Court as a court of first instance and, section 26, requires that its quorum be constituted by at least two judges. The Code of Criminal Procedure, section 184, prescribes that a decision of the court is based upon a majority of votes of the judges constituting the quorum. If such majority cannot be reached because there are two or more conflicting opinions amongst those judges, section 184 provides that the opinion most favourable to the defendant prevails.

Pursuant to the Code of Criminal Procedure, section 193, the decisions of the Criminal Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal which is a court of second instance.

Administration

Overview

The officers of the Criminal Court are divided into two types: judicial officers and administrative officers. The judicial officers are formally called the "court of justice judicial officers" (ข้าราชการตุลาการศาลยุติธรรม) and the administrative officers, the "court of justice administrative officers" (ข้าราชการศาลยุติธรรม). The judicial officers deal with judicial affairs of the court, whilst the administrative officers handle administrative affairs of the court (providing support to the judicial affairs).

Judicial service

Presidency

The judicial officers are led by the presidency of the court consisting of one judicial officer called "President of the Criminal Court" (อธิบดีผู้พิพากษาศาลอาญา) and another judicial officer called "Vice President of the Criminal Court" (รองอธิบดีผู้พิพากษาศาลอาญา). If necessary, the Statute of the Courts of Justice, 2543 BE (2000), allows the appointment of more than one but no more than three vice presidents.

Divisions

The judicial service of the court is divided into divisions (แผนก).

Each division  consists of thirteen chambers (คณะ). Each chamber consists of at least two judges. Cases brought to the court are assigned to the responsible chambers. A judge of one chamber may also be a member of another chamber.

Administrative service

The administrative officers of the Criminal Court are attached to the Criminal Court Administrative Office (สำนักอำนวยการประจำศาลอาญา). The office is led by one administrative officer called "Director of the Criminal Court Administrative Office" (ผู้อำนวยการสำนักอำนวยการประจำศาลอาญา) who is supervised by the Criminal Court presidency.

The office is divided into six sections:

 Assistant Section (ส่วนช่วยอำนวยการ),
 Financial Section (ส่วนคลัง),
 Public Relations Section (ส่วนบริการประชาชนและประชาสัมพันธ์),
 Case Management Section (ส่วนจัดการงานคดี),
 Proceedings Support Section (ส่วนช่วยพิจารณาคดี), and
 Dispute Settlement and Rights Protection Section (ส่วนไกล่เกลี่ยและประนอมข้อพิพาทและคุ้มครองสิทธิ).

Seal

The Criminal Court adopts as its seal the National Coat of Arms created in 1873 by King Chulalongkorn. The seal is affixed to all judgments and orders of the court.

Cultural references

 The Criminal Court is featured in a popular urban-style song, "Chu Thang Chai" (ชู้ทางใจ; "Adultery in Mind"), originally recorded by Thanin Inthrathep (ธานินทร์ อินทรเทพ) and later covered by many artists. The song speaks about a man who has one-sided love towards a married woman but feels that his love is a crime. He then confesses before the Criminal Court, hoping that the court would give him light penalties as the adultery is just committed in mind.
 The bend of Ratchadaphisek Road opposite to the Criminal Court is a place with a large banyan tree and a spirit house, where car accidents often take place. It has been called the "Curve of Hundred Corpses".

References

External links
 Official website

Courts in Thailand
Legal history of Thailand
Organizations based in Bangkok
Courts and tribunals with year of establishment missing


title: Festuca octoflora

text:
Festuca octoflora, also known as Vulpia octoflora,  is an annual plant in the grass family (Poaceae). The common name six-week fescue is because it supplies about 6 weeks of cattle forage after a rain.  Other common names include sixweeks fescue, six-weeks fescue, pullout grass, eight-flower six-weeks grass, or eight-flowered fescue.

Range and habitat
This bunchgrass is native to North America occurring across a large part of Canada, in all of the lower 48 contiguous United States, and Baja California of Mexico. It grows in open, sunny places between shrubs and in burn areas. It is commonly found in burn areas after a fire.

Varieties
Festuca octoflora/Vulpia octoflora varieties include:
Vulpia octoflora var. glauca   (AKA Festuca octoflora Walter var. tenella, Festuca gracilenta Buckley, Festuca tenella Willd., and Vulpia octoflora var. tenella)
Vulpia octoflora var. hirtella
Vulpia octoflora var. octoflora

References

External links
Jepson Manual – Vulpia octoflora

octoflora
Bunchgrasses of North America
Grasses of the United States
Grasses of Canada
Grasses of Mexico
Native grasses of California
Plants described in 1788


title: Enrico Nizzi

text:
Enrico Nizzi (born 1 August 1990 in Cavalese) is an Italian cross-country skier.

Nizzi competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Italy. He placed 44th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Nizzi made his World Cup debut in January 2012. As of April 2014, his best finish is a 13th, in a classical team sprint event at Asiago in 2013–14. His best individual finish is 25th, in a freestyle sprint race at Davos in 2013-14. His best World Cup overall finish is 147th, in 2013-14. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 91st, in the 2013-14 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Italy
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Cavalese
Italian male cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from Trentino
Skiers from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol


title: Charles Frost (military officer)

text:
Major Charles Frost  (1631–1697) was an English-born military leader in Maine during King William's War.

Biography
Frost was born in Tiverton, Devon, England. He married Mary Bolles in 1660. They had a daughter, Sarah Frost, born in 1666.

Frost was stationed in Kittery, Maine (present-day Eliot, Maine). He was the highest-ranking military leader in Maine during King William's War until he was killed by Indians, along with a number of other local residents at Ambush Rock. He was reportedly killed for his role in Richard Waldron's subterfuge against several hundred Indians during King Philips War.

Aggrieved natives never forgot. According to Everett Stackpole's "Old Kittery and Her Families":
"The night after Frost's burial the Indians opened his grave, took out the body, carried it to the top of Frost's hill and suspended it upon a stake. His resting place was marked some years later with a flat stone, on which is a rudely chiseled inscription, "Here lyeth intrrd ye body of Mj. Charles Frost ager 65 years Decd July ye 4th 1697." The spot where he was slain is near a large boulder, on which is a suitable inscription. It is known as Ambush Rock."

On 4 July 1897, the newly formed Eliot Historical Society held a commemoration ceremony as their first public event, marking the 200th anniversary of the natives' killing of Frost.

Charles Frost was the 5th great-grandfather of American poet Robert Frost.

Legacy
 Namesake of Frost Hill, Eliot, Maine (Natives dug up Frost's body and hoisted it upon a pole at the top of Frost's Hill)
 Honored on a plaque at Ambush Rock in Eliot, where he died in an Indian attack

See also
Winthrop Hilton
 Richard Waldron

References

Sources
  Exercises Of The Eliot Historical Society On Monday The Fifth Of July, 1897: In Commemoration Of Major Charles Frost On The Two Hundredth Anniversary Of His Massacre By The Indians, Sunday, July Fourth, 1697
Memoir of Charles Frost (1888)
  "Old Eliot: a monthly magazine of the history and biography of the Upper Parish of Kittery, now Eliot" Vol. II., 249-262; X., 30; XII., 139 and 258
 "Maine Wills;" Maine Hist. Soc.
 Stackpole, Old Kittery and Her Families, p. 414 (1903)

Military history of Acadia
History of Maine
People in King William's War
1631 births
1697 deaths
Military personnel from Tiverton, Devon
17th-century English military personnel


title: Reading Line

text:
The Reading Line is a main freight line in Pennsylvania owned and operated by Norfolk Southern Railway. It stretches from the Harrisburg Line at Wyomissing Junction in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania to a junction with the Lehigh Line in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The line sees about 65 trains a day, mostly trains running from Northern New Jersey and Allentown, Pennsylvania to points west and south.

The line is mostly double-track with the only area of single track between CP Blandon and CP West Laurel. Trains go faster on this line than most others.

History
The line opened as the East Pennsylvania Railroad on May 11, 1859, connecting Allentown with Reading. This railroad became part of the Reading Railroad, and carried traffic from the Allentown area to their main line. In 1976, The Reading Railroad was acquired by Conrail, which continued to use the line as a conduit between North Jersey and the rest of the country. When Conrail was split in 1999, Norfolk Southern was assigned the line.

On March 14, 2018, Norfolk Southern increased speeds along the Reading Line from  to  at 33 grade crossings and from  to  at 3 grade crossings. The speed change was intended to increase the efficiency of rail operations and improve the flow of vehicular traffic at grade crossings.

References

http://www.parailfan.com/NS/ns_reading_line_ett.pdf
http://www.parailfan.com/Database/results.php
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NSReadingline/info

Norfolk Southern Railway lines
Rail infrastructure in Pennsylvania
Reading Company lines
Railway lines opened in 1859


title: Jovian Hediger

text:
Jovian Hediger (born December 17, 1990, in Reinach, Aargau) is a Swiss cross-country skier.

Hediger competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland. He placed 47th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

As of April 2014, his best showing at the World Championships was 25th through the classical sprint event in 2013.

Hediger made his World Cup debut in December 2009. As of April 2014, his best finish is a sixth, in a freestyle sprint event at Toblach in 2013–14. His best World Cup overall finish is 45th, in 2020–21. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 12th, in the 2020–21 Sprint Cup.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

Distance reduced to 30 km due to weather conditions.

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

Team podiums
 1 podium – (1 )

References

1990 births
Living people
People from Kulm District
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Swiss male cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from Aargau
21st-century Swiss people


title: Siim Sellis

text:
Siim Sellis (born 5 May 1987 in Tali) is an Estonian cross-country skier.

Sellis competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Estonia. He placed 59th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Sellis made his World Cup debut in January 2006. As of April 2014, his best finish is 10th, in a classical sprint race at Lahti in 2011–12. His best World Cup overall finish is 118th, in 2011–12. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 67th, in the 2011-12 sprint.

References

1987 births
Living people
People from Saarde Parish
Olympic cross-country skiers for Estonia
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Estonian male cross-country skiers
21st-century Estonian people


title: Roman Schaad

text:
Roman Schaad (born 30 July 1993 in Oberhallau) is a Swiss cross-country skier.

Schaad competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland. He placed 83rd in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Schaad made his World Cup debut in December 2013. As of April 2014, his best finish is a 9th, in a freestyle sprint event at Toblach in 2013–14. His best World Cup overall finish is 79th, in 2013-14. His best World Cup finish in a discipline is 34th, in the 2013-14 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

Distance reduced to 30 km due to weather conditions.

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Schaffhausen
Swiss male cross-country skiers


title: Florin Daniel Pripici

text:
Florin Pripici (born March 7, 1995 in Sinaia) is a Romanian cross-country skier.

Pripici competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Romania. He placed 68th in the qualifying round in the individual sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. He also teamed with Paul Constantin Pepene in the team sprint, finishing 9th in their semifinal and failing to advance.

Pripici made his World Cup debut in January 2014. As of April 2014, his best finish is a 54th, in a freestyle sprint event at Szklarska Poreba in 2013–14.

References

1995 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Romania
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Sinaia
Romanian male cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics
Sportspeople from Prahova County


title: Communications Machine

text:
The Communications Machine, or "CM", is a mechanical device used by the United States Navy for the most of the 1920s.  It used a sliding alphabet system. It was developed by Agnes Meyer Driscoll and William Gresham. In 1937 the United States Congress recognized the achievement of these two by awarding them both $15,000.

References

Encryption devices


title: Rustica di Calabria

text:
The Rustica di Calabria or Sciara is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from Calabria in southern Italy. It is raised mostly in the provinces of Catanzaro and Cosenza. Although present in substantial numbers it has been little studied; its conservation status and origins remain unclear. It may have been influenced by the various goat breeds, including the Abyssinian goat, the Maltese and a type known as "Tibetan", whose introduction to Calabria in the early twentieth century is documented.

The Rustica di Calabria is one of the forty-three autochthonous Italian goat breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep- and goat-breeders. At the end of 2013 the registered population was 24,130, most of which were in the province of Cosenza.

Use

The milk yield of pluriparous Rustica di Calabria nannies is 200–250 litres per lactation of 150 days. Kids are slaughtered at a weight of 6–7 kg.

References

Goat breeds
Meat goat breeds
Dairy goat breeds
Goat breeds originating in Italy


title: 2014 Lithuanian constitutional referendum

text:
A  constitutional referendum was held in Lithuania on 29 June 2014. Proposed amendments to articles 9, 47 and 147 of the constitution would have reduced the number of signatures required to call a referendum from 300,000 to 100,000, prevent foreigners from owning land in the country, and require all decisions related to the exploitation and extraction of natural resources that would have national and local importance to require approval by referendum.

Although 73% of voters voted in favour of the changes, the result was invalidated by a turnout of just 14.98%.

Background
When Lithuania joined the European Union in 2004, it agreed to allow the sale of land to foreigners. However, the country was granted a seven-year transition period, under which sale of land to foreigners remained illegal. This period was later extended to last until May 2014.

A previous referendum on allowing EU citizens to buy land was held in 1996. Although a majority of those voting voted in favour, the required quorum of 50% of registered voters voting in favour was not achieved.

The referendum was supported by the Lithuanian Nationalist Union and the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union.

It was opposed by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and the main opposition Homeland Union.

Results

References

Lithuania
2014 in Lithuania
Referendums in Lithuania


title: Young Mrs. Winthrop

text:
Young Mrs. Winthrop is a lost 1920 American silent drama film starring Ethel Clayton. It is based on the 1882 Victorian era Broadway play by Bronson Howard. The film was produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Constance Winthrop (Clayton) and her husband Douglas (Ford) have drifted apart through her devotion to social events and his work. The birthday of their five-year-old child draws them together and they plan to drop their outside engagements and devote the day to little Rosie (Marsh). However, Mrs. Dunbar (Van Buren), an eavesdropping neighbor, after overhearing a message on a party line, has her maid impersonate Mrs. Winthrop and telephone Mr. Winthrop to not come home as she has changed her mind about the party and is going out. Douglas, deeply hurt, stops by Mrs. Dunbar's house on business and is seen by his wife. Thinking that she has been deceived, Constance rushes off to a Jazz party. That evening the child Rosie contracts membranous croup and dies. When Constance arrives home late that night, Douglas refuses to let her into the room, and she says "I am a thousand times more fit to be with her than you." The two drift further apart and, upon the verge of a formal separation, the old family lawyer skillfully plays upon their feelings that a reunification results.

Cast
Ethel Clayton as Constance Winthrop
Harrison Ford as Douglas Winthrop
Helen Dunbar as Old Mrs. Winthrop
Joan Marsh as Rosie (credited as Dorothy Rosher)
Winifred Greenwood as Mrs. Dick Chetwyn
J. M. Dumont as Dick Rodney
Charles Ogle as Buxton Scott
Raymond Hatton as Nick Jones
Mabel Van Buren as Mrs. Dunbar
Viora Daniel as Janet
Walter Hiers as Dick Chetwyn
Rex Zane as Bob

References

External links

1920 films
American silent feature films
American films based on plays
Lost American drama films
Paramount Pictures films
1920 drama films
Silent American drama films
Films directed by Walter Edwards
American black-and-white films
1920 lost films
1920s American films
1920s English-language films
English-language drama films


title: One of the Survivors

text:
"One of the Survivors" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks. Appearing on their 1973 concept album Preservation Act 1, the song was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies.

Lyrics

"One of the Survivors" references the character Johnny Thunder, who had appeared in the song of the same name from The Kinks' 1968 album The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society. However, since his appearance in "Johnny Thunder" in 1968, Johnny Thunder, who is called "one of the survivors" by the singer of the song, has grown "little overweight, and his sideburns are turnin' grey, but he still likes to bebop, boogie and jive to his worn out seventy-eights."

The song also references many musicians from the 1950s (that Johnny Thunder enjoys to listen to), such as Jerry Lee Lewis, Dion and The Belmonts
and Johnny and The Hurricanes, as well as songs such as "Hound Dog", "Blue Suede Shoes", and "Great Balls of Fire".

Release

"One of the Survivors" was first released as a single in America on 20 April 1973. Backed with "Scrapheap City" (later to appear on Preservation Act 2), the single found only small popularity, peaking at a mediocre #108 in America. However, the single was the most successful since "20th Century Man" in 1971. The single was not released in the UK, but "One of the Survivors" did appear as the B-side of "Sitting in the Midday Sun" in said country. That single did not chart.

"One of the Survivors" also appeared on Preservation Act 1 in June 1973. The album received poor commercial and critical popularity, only hitting #177 in America, and not charting in Britain. Also, the single edit of "One of the Survivors" has since appeared as a bonus track on some CD reissues of Preservation Act 1.

Reception

"One of the Survivors" has received mixed reception from critics.  Record World said that "English quartet rocks 'em and socks 'em with nostalgic tribute to some old rock 'n rollers like Jerry Lee Lewis, Dion & Belmonts, Danny & the Juniors and Johnny & the Hurricanes." AllMusic'''s Stephen Thomas Erlewine cited the track as a highlight from Preservation Act 1. However, in a more critical view, author Andrew Hickey called the track one of the two weakest songs on Preservation Act 1'' (the other being "Where Are They Now?").

References

The Kinks songs
1973 songs
1973 singles
Songs written by Ray Davies
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies
RCA Records singles


title: Toms Skujiņš

text:
Toms Skujiņš (born 15 June 1991) is a Latvian professional road racing cyclist, who rides for UCI WorldTeam .

Career
In 2013 and 2015, Skujiņš received the Cyclist of the Year award presented by Latvian Cycling Federation.

In 2014, Skujiņš dominated the Canadian race Tour de Beauce, winning its queen stage atop Mont Mégantic and the last stage. He was the victor of the general classification and also brought home the points classification and young rider classification jerseys.

In 2015 he rode for the  and won the third stage of the Tour of California after spending most of the stage in a solo breakaway. He also took the race leader and mountains leader jerseys, which he would hold until the time trial. He would go on to win the 2015 UCI America Tour.

He was named in the start list for the 2017 Vuelta a España. In July 2018, he was named in the start list for the Tour de France. He took the polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification following the fifth stage, which he held for five days. He won the combativity award on the fifth stage in both 2018 and 2019.

Skujiņš finished second on the eighth stage of the 2020 Tour de France after spending the day in a breakaway. He also rode as a domestique for team leaders Richie Porte and Bauke Mollema, with Porte ultimately finishing third overall in the race.

Personal life
Skujiņš is married to former professional cyclist Abigail Mickey.

Major results
Source:

2010
 1st Stage 1 Tour de Moselle
 2nd Tartu GP
 3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
 3rd Memorial Oleg Dyachenko
 5th Overall Tour du Gévaudan Languedoc-Roussillon
 6th Paris–Tours Espoirs
 7th Overall Cinturó de l'Empordà
 7th Mayor Cup
 7th Coupe des Carpathes
 8th ZLM Tour
2011
 2nd Ronde van Vlaanderen U23
 3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships
 4th Classic Loire Atlantique
 8th Tallinn–Tartu GP
2012
 5th Riga Grand Prix
2013
 National Road Championships
1st  Under-23 road race
3rd Road race
 1st  Overall Course de la Paix U23
1st Stage 3
 1st Stage 2 Tour de Blida
 3rd  Road race, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships
 3rd Scandinavian Race Uppsala
 5th Road race, UCI Under-23 Road World Championships
 7th Overall Tour de Guadeloupe
 7th Ronde van Vlaanderen U23
 8th Ringerike GP
 9th Overall Tour de l'Avenir
 9th Hadeland GP
 10th Overall Tour of Norway
2014
 1st  Overall Tour de Beauce
1st  Points classification
1st  Young rider classification
1st Stages 2 & 5
 6th Philadelphia International Championship
2015 (1 pro win)
 1st Overall UCI America Tour
 1st Winston-Salem Cycling Classic
 1st Stage 3 Tour of California
 2nd Overall Tour de Beauce
 2nd The Reading 120
 3rd Philadelphia International Cycling Classic
 4th Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques
 7th Overall Tour of Alberta
 8th Overall USA Pro Cycling Challenge
2016 (1)
 1st Stage 5 Tour of California
 National Road Championships
3rd Road race
3rd Time trial
2017 (1)
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
 2nd Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
1st Stage 2
 10th GP Miguel Induráin
2018 (4)
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 1st Tre Valli Varesine
 1st Trofeo Lloseta–Andratx
 Tour of California
1st  Mountains classification
1st Stage 3
 7th Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
 8th Overall Colorado Classic
 Tour de France
Held  after Stages 5–9
 Combativity award Stage 5
2019 (1)
 1st  Road race, National Road Championships
 3rd Tre Valli Varesine
 9th Strade Bianche
 10th Overall Deutschland Tour
  Combativity award Stage 5 Tour de France
2021 (2)
 National Road Championships
1st  Road race
1st  Time trial
 5th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
 5th Brabantse Pijl
2022 (1)
 1st  Time trial, National Road Championships
 1st  Mountains classification, Tour de Romandie
 4th Maryland Cycling Classic
 5th Binche–Chimay–Binche
 7th Clásica de San Sebastián
 8th Overall Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
 9th Overall Étoile de Bessèges
 9th Bretagne Classic
2023 (1)
 National Road Championships
1st  Time trial
3rd Road race
 Giro d'Italia
1st Intermediate sprint classification
 Combativity award Stage 12
 5th Maryland Cycling Classic
 5th Circuito de Getxo
 6th Clásica de San Sebastián
 8th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 9th Overall Danmark Rundt
 9th Brabantse Pijl
 9th Circuit Franco-Belge
 10th Overall Tour of Belgium

Grand tour general classification results timeline

Classics results timeline

Major championships timeline

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Latvian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Latvia
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
European Games competitors for Latvia
Cyclists at the 2015 European Games
People from Sigulda
Riga State Gymnasium No.1 alumni


title: 2007 South American Championships in Athletics – Results

text:
These are the results of the 2007 South American Championships in Athletics which took place from June 7 through June 9, 2007 in São Paulo, Brazil.  The list was compiled from various sources and is still incomplete, especially concerning details of the field events.

Men's results

100 meters

Heat 1 – 8 June – Wind: -0.8 m/s

Heat 2 – 8 June – Wind: -0.8 m/s

Final – 8 June – Wind: -0.7 m/s

200 meters

Heat 1 – 9 June – Wind: +1.3 m/s

Heat 2 – 9 June – Wind: +0.8 m/s

Heat 3 – 9 June – Wind: +0.7 m/s

Final – 9 June – Wind: +0.4 m/s

400 meters

Heat 1 – 7 June

Heat 2 – 7 June

Final – 8 June

800 meters
Final – 8 June

1500 meters
Final – 9 June

5000 meters
Final – 7 June

10,000 meters
Final – 8 June

3000 meters steeplechase
Final – 9 June

110 meters hurdles

Heat 1 – 7 June – Wind: +0.2 m/s

Heat 2 – 7 June – Wind: +0.3 m/s

Final – 7 June – Wind: -0.8 m/s

400 meters hurdles

Heat 1 – 8 June

Heat 1 – 8 June

Final – 9 June

High jump
Final – 8 June

Pole vault
Final – 7 June

Long jump
Final – 7 June

Triple jump
Final – 9 June

Shot put
Final – 7 June

Discus throw
Final – 8 June

Hammer throw
Final – 8 June

Javelin throw
Final – 7 June

Decathlon
7/8 June

20,000 meters walk
Final – 8 June

4 x 100 meters relay
Final – 8 June

4 x 400 meters relay
Final – 9 June

Women's results

100 meters

Heat 1 – 7 June – Wind: -0.2 m/s

Heat 2 – 7 June – Wind: +0.3 m/s

Final – 7 June – Wind: +0.2 m/s

200 meters

Heat 1 – 9 June – Wind: +1.4 m/s

Heat 2 – 9 June – Wind: +0.8 m/s

Final – 9 June – Wind: -0.5 m/s

400 meters
Final – 8 June

800 meters
Final – 8 June

1500 meters
Final – 9 June

5000 meters
Final – 7 June

10,000 meters
Final – 9 June

3000 meters steeplechase
Final – 8 June

100 meters hurdles

Heat 1 – 7 June – Wind: +0.0 m/s

Heat 2 – 7 June – Wind: +0.1 m/s

Final – 7 June – Wind: +0.0 m/s

400 meters hurdles
Final – 9 June

High jump
Final – 9 June

Pole vault
Final – 9 June

Long jump
Final – 8 June

Triple jump
Final – 9 June

Shot put
Final – 8 June

Discus throw
Final – 7 June

Hammer throw
Final – 9 June

Javelin throw
Final – 9 June

Heptathlon
8/9 June

20,000 meters walk
Final – 7 June

4 x 100 meters relay
Final – 8 June

4 x 400 meters relay
Final – 9 June

References

South America
Events at the South American Championships in Athletics


title: Elaine Mulqueen

text:
Elaine Mulqueen (January 27, 1932 – May 22, 2012) was an American children's television host and personality in Chicago, Illinois.

Career

Mulqueen's career in television began in 1962, when she appeared in commercials for Coca-Cola on Bozo's Circus, while her husband, Jack Mulqueen, worked as a puppeteer.

In 1963, Mulqueen and her husband began hosting The Mulqueens on WGN-TV. Mulqueen appeared on stage as a pixie-like character named Pandora.  In 1965, the program moved to WBKB-TV (now WLS-TV), and the show was renamed Mulqueen's Kiddie A-Go-Go. Mulqueen continued to host in character as Pandora, while the show now featured live dancing to popular music. In 1966, the program moved to WCIU-TV and its name was shortened to Kiddie A-Go-Go. Several popular musical groups performed on the show, including The Four Seasons and New Colony Six. "Kiddie A-Go-Go" remained on WCIU until 1970.

In 1973, Mulqueen appeared in advertisements for the Chicago-area grocery chain Dominick's.

Death

On May 22, 2012, Mulqueen died of cancer at the age of 80.

References

1932 births
2012 deaths
American television actresses
American television personalities
American women television personalities
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
21st-century American women


title: Gallantry Cross, Silver

text:
The Gallantry Cross, Silver, post-nominal letters GCS, was instituted by the President of the Republic of Venda in 1985, for award to all ranks for courage or bravery or valour beyond the normal call of duty.

The Venda Defence Force
The 900 member Venda Defence Force (VDF) was established upon that country's independence on 13 September 1979. The Republic of Venda ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Venda Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Gallantry Cross, Silver was instituted by the President of Venda in 1985. It is the junior award of a set of two decorations for bravery, along with the Gallantry Cross, Gold.

Venda's military decorations and medals were modeled on those of the Republic of South Africa and these two decorations are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Louw Wepener Decoration and the Honoris Crux (1975).

Award criteria
The cross could be awarded to all ranks for courage or bravery or valour beyond the normal call of duty.

Order of wear

Since the Gallantry Cross, Silver was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

Venda Defence Force until 26 April 1994

Official VDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Gallantry Cross, Gold (GCG).
 Succeeded by the Distinguished Service Medal, Gold.
Venda official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the National Force Gallantry Cross, Silver (PCF).
 Succeeded by the Police Gallantry Cross, Silver (PCF).

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Honoris Crux (1975) (HC) of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Cross for Bravery of the Republic of Transkei.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Police Insignia for Bravery of the Republic of Ciskei.
 Succeeded by the Police Gallantry Cross, Silver (PCF) of the Republic of Venda.

The position of the Gallantry Cross, Silver in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1994, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first in April 1996 when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged on both occasions.

Description
Obverse
The Gallantry Cross, Silver is a cross pattee, struck in silver, which fits in a circle 45 millimetres in diameter, with a silver hare's bobtail within a red circlet in  the centre.

Reverse
The reverse displays the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Venda.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and dark brown, with 4 millimetres wide dark blue edges and a 4 millimetres wide white band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Gallantry Cross, Silver was discontinued when the Republic of Venda ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.

References

Military decorations and medals of Venda
Awards established in 1985
Awards disestablished in 1994
1985 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments in Africa


title: Dark Horse (Twista album)

text:
Dark Horse is the ninth studio album by American rapper Twista. The album was released on August 12, 2014, by Get Money Gang Entertainment and Caroline Records. The album features guest appearances from Tyme, Dra Day, Tia London, Tech N9ne, Wiz Khalifa, Berner, DJ Victoriouz, Gritz, R. Kelly, Chief Keef and Stunt Taylor.

Background
On August 16, 2011, Twista announced he had begun working on his ninth studio album, tilted The Dark Horse. In a May 2012, interview with AllHipHop, he spoke about where the album fits in with what he's done in the past, saying, "I think it fits in perfectly. I look at it as a continuum, or a protocol. Everybody looks forward to hearing what the Twista’s next album will sound like, in the hopes that it sounds like the original material they’ve heard. And I feel like you can always do different projects and venture out, but I definitely feel like when I go down my lane to give them the next Twista album, that I need to make sure that I satisfy the fans, so they can be like ‘yeah!’ It’s going to be the hard music mixed with the melodic music for the radio."

He also spoke about the style of the album, saying: "It’s going to be that die hard Twista style mixed in with a little bit of the new vibe. I definitely pay attention to younger artists that come out and new sounds that come out. I definitely want to make sure I’m able to artistically incorporate what I’m hearing. I like to pay attention to it and stay current. I’m always listening to the new mixtapes so that I can naturally stay on pace with the younger cats when I’m making my album. I don’t like to force it, I don’t like to sit down and think, ‘OK, let me make a song like this person.’ What I do is just keep my ear open and stay current and listen to things with what’s coming out so I can naturally."

He explained the album title, saying: "If you listen to it, and look at some of the old cats who’ve used the title before, one of The Beatles [George Harrison] was actually called “the dark horse” before, because you didn’t know how much of his musical involvement had a hand in what Beatles material came out. The dark horse meaning, like, the least expected person to win the race, or the least expected person to win the Super Bowl. I look at the dark horse as the person that you don’t always expect to see coming out on top. I consider myself a dark horse in the industry."

In a February 2014, interview with Nah Right, he spoke about what to expect from the album, saying: "New music that you expect. One thing that I’ve learned is to not steer too far from my fan base because they really appreciate what you do. You can never change the way you came out. It’s cool to try new things but you always want to give them what they expect too. So the thing that I’m happy about with this project is how much it sounds like an Adrenaline Rush anniversary almost. The songs don’t sound the same, but they definitely sound like I’m giving you what you’ve been missing from Twista. That’s what I’m happy about with this project, that it’s dope as hell."

In a July 2014, interview with XXL, he spoke about what type of songs would be on the album, saying: "For me, it’s vintage Twista giving you some feel-good songs. Meshing with people in different aspects of hip-hop. Like people might say, “Man, I want to hear Twista and Tech N9ne just rip it on a track together.” So I give you that. If you are into that laid-back or getting high vibe, you like that Wiz Khalifa vibe, me and him got the joint in there where we getting in. You on that turn up drill vibe, you gonna hear me and Chief Keef getting in on the album. Besides all of that, I am still giving you that vintage Twista sound where I am just being me. You know, I might be talking about anything from the streets to parallel universes. The subject matter is everywhere with it."

Singles
On May 21, 2013, the album's first single "Throwin' My Money" featuring R. Kelly was released. On May 19, 2014, the album's second single "It's Yours" featuring Tia London was released. In a July 2014, interview with XXL, he spoke about the second single "It's Yours", saying: "Really, [its] just a song for the ladies. If you follow that traditional Twista sound when it comes to the singles, you know that I make those smooth, laid-back, melodic songs for the ladies that they always turn up to and kind of want to make YouTube videos to. It’s just following suit. Doing what I do, making one of them jams for the ladies they love that they always drop before the release of the album. This one is like a lady singing in a nice tone and telling me that it is mine. So it is me telling you that it is yours. I think people can appreciate a vintage Twista, ya dig?" On July 26, 2014, the music video was released for "It's Yours" featuring Tia London. On July 30, 2014, the music video was released for "Got Away".

Critical reception

Dark Horse was met with generally positive reviews. David Jeffries of AllMusic said, "The bad news is that there's no "Overnight Sensation"-styled single, but the good news is there's no shameless effort to re-create the crossover hit. The Dark Horse may damn the corporate music industry for not giving Twista an in, but this rough-and-tumble album filled with standoffish street cuts proves that indie life suits the rapper, so expect more punch and less perfection." Kellan Miller of XXL stated, "The problem with The Dark Horse really comes down to lacking any sense of direction rather than a display of mediocre talent. Too often Twista is dragged down by the performances of his superfluous guests, or an overall misguided push for imaginative ventures. Recent veterans like Nas and Mobb Deep have cooled their attempts to nestle in the contemporary mix, effectively transitioning to the paths that propelled them past their competition in the first place. On “6 Rings,” Twista reverts to his “Kill Us All” days and ends things on a high-voltage note. One can only hope that Twista follows suit with his next project."

Commercial performance
The album debuted at number 40 on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 6,722 copies in the United States.

Track listing

Charts

References

2014 albums
Twista albums
Albums produced by C-Sick
Albums produced by The Legendary Traxster


title: Arabia Steamboat Museum

text:
The Arabia Steamboat Museum is a history museum in Kansas City, Missouri, housing artifacts salvaged from the Arabia, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1856. The 30,000-square-foot museum opened on November 13, 1991, in the Kansas City River Market. The partners of River Salvage Inc., who excavated the Arabia and opened the museum, claim to have the largest single collection of pre-Civil War artifacts in the world.

Overview

When visitors enter the museum, a series of four 5-minute videos recount the history of the Arabias sinking and excavation.  An additional 14-minute film called The Fall and Rise of the Steamboat Arabia, may also be viewed in the theater. Next, guests view the artifacts on display, as well as an open preservation lab where staff members work on cleaning the many artifacts in storage. It takes a lot of work to clean the items, even a small nail could take over an hour. Other items, like shoes and boots, may take up to three months to preserve. Finally, visitors walk a 171-foot-long full-scale reproduction of the Arabia'''s main deck, where they can see archival footage of the excavation process and more information about its history, along with the original boilers, engine, anchor, and the skeleton of a mule. Also on display are the 6-ton stern and a reconstructed paddle wheel. The museum additionally offers a gift shop, meeting space, and after-hours event rental.

 Collection

The museum's collection consists of hundreds of thousands of items intended for daily life on the frontier including more than 4,000 boots and shoes, 247 hats, 235 ax heads, 29 jars of pickles, 328 pocket knives, and one children's doll. All are from 1856 or earlier; most of them were brand-new merchandise heading to general stores on the frontier. The Wall Street Journal called it "an Aladdin's cave of objects from the year 1856".

 Exhibits
The museum debuted a new exhibit on November 22, 2013. It consists of the engine of the Missouri Packet, the first steamboat to sink in the Missouri River in 1820.  The Hawleys excavated its engine in 1987, just outside the small town of Arrow Rock, Missouri. It did not yield many other artifacts, yet still inspired the Hawleys to continue their quest for sunken steamboats. David Hawley told The Kansas City Star, "An engine like this has never been on display." He believes it to be the oldest extant maritime steam engine in the United States.

In January 2013, the museum was closed for the first time in its 20-year history, to repair the ceiling and have the displays cleaned, reorganized, and expanded.

 Loans
In 2014, the museum conducted its first major loan of artifacts to another institution. Approximately 2,000 objects from its collection went on display at the John Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on May 31, 2014.  Because the Arabia was built in Pittsburgh and Brownsville, Pennsylvania, in 1853, the temporary exhibition was called "Pittsburgh's Lost Steamboat: Treasures of the Arabia".  In addition to the artifacts, Heinz curators displayed information about the preservation process and a replica of the mule that represents the only fatality of the sinking. This exhibition ran through January 4, 2015.

 Steamboat history

The Arabia hit a tree snag and sank in the Missouri River on September 5, 1856. All 130 passengers survived, but an estimated 220 tons of cargo went down with it. Shortly thereafter, the river changed course, and the Arabia was buried underground. The cargo, destined for 16 towns on the frontier, was buried under a cornfield in Wyandotte County, Kansas, for 132 years until it was discovered in 1988 by River Salvage Inc., a group of self-proclaimed treasure hunters who began excavations. David, Greg, and Bob Hawley owned a refrigeration repair business. They partnered with Jerry Mackey, owner of Hi-Boy restaurants in Independence, Missouri, and David Lutrell from the construction industry, along with other family and friends, to form River Salvage Inc. With the permission of the land owner, they dug between November 1988 and February 1989.  Although their original goal was to sell their discoveries, the historical importance of the finding quickly became apparent, and they started to plan a museum. Today, it is still owned and operated by the Hawley family, who are present there most days, often greeting visitors and answering questions.

 Preservation

After the excavation of the Arabia, the next challenge for the partners of River Salvage Inc. was learning to clean and preserve the artifacts. During the digging process, organic artifacts had been stabilized in blocks of ice, both in Jerry Mackey's restaurant freezers as well as freezers installed in storage units in caves near the Missouri River. In the three months following the dig, larger wooden artifacts, including the stern, paddle wheel, and the lumber for two prefabricated houses found on board, were submerged in an 80-by-20-foot pool specially dug by the team. The crew partnered with conservators working on the Mary Rose Trust in Portsmouth, England, and the Canadian Conservation Institute in Ottawa, along with the Historical Resource Conservation Branch of the Canadian Parks Service, to learn freshwater preservation techniques. Organic materials like wood and leather are submerged in a food preservative called polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then freeze-dried.  Preservationists gently remove oxidized material from metal artifacts using metal tools and special erasers. Bottled and jarred foods and beverages are injected with nitrogen, an inert gas. Shoes, boots, and garments must be restitched since their cotton thread dissolved under water.

The preservation process is still in progress at the museum.   It was originally estimated that the preservation of the collection would be completed in 2022.  Preservation efforts will likely take another 10-12 years, however.

 Reception
The museum has consistently received favorable press. The Kansas City Star named it "Rookie of the Year" in 1992 after having received over 20,000 visitors in two months. As of 2013, it continued to draw more than 80,000 visitors per year. It is described by the Wall Street Journal as "fascinating" museum with an "enthralling" story. US News & World Report ranks it number one on its list of "Best Things To Do in Kansas City". After remodeling the ceiling and displays in January 2013, the museum was awarded "Best Remodel" by local weekly publication The Pitch.

 Museum history
The Arabia Steamboat Museum opened on November 13, 1991.  Various elements of the museum operated under different corporations:  Arabia Instructional Museum Society (1995-2004), Arabia Museum Foundation (founded 1990) and Arabia Salvage Ltd.(founded 1988).

The museum and its operations were led by the two brothers who found and excavated the Arabia, Greg and David Hawley, and their parents, Bob and Florence Hawley.  Greg was killed by a street racing driver in 2009.  Bob died in 2019 and Florence died in 2021.  David has continued the operation.

The lease in Kansas City, MO (7 miles from the Arabia wreck site) expires in 2026.

Plans have been developed to move and expand the Arabia Steamboat Museum.  In 2019, it was proposed to build the larger museum and move to Jefferson City, MO, about 140 miles from the site of the Arabia wreck.

In 2021, plans were made to create the National Steamboat Museum at Marshall Junction, MO, about 77 miles from the site of the Arabia'' wreck.  The plans include excavating five additional steamboats so that six are interpreted and displayed at the museum.  The Marshall-Saline Development Corporation advance funded a $150,000 feasibility study for the new museum, but is not raising or collecting funds for the museum.

See also
 List of maritime museums in the United States

References

External links

History museums in Missouri
Archaeological museums in Missouri
Museums in Kansas City, Missouri
Downtown Kansas City


title: Laurien van der Graaff

text:
Laurien van der Graaff (born 14 October 1987) is a Swiss, former cross-country skier.

Career
Born in the Netherlands to Dutch parents, she has dual citizenship. Her family moved to Switzerland when she was four. Van der Graaff competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Switzerland. She placed 20th in the qualifying round in the sprint, advancing to the quarterfinals. She then finished 5th in that quarterfinal, failing to advance.

As of April 2014, her best showing at the World Championships is 11th, in the freestyle team sprint in 2013. Her best individual finish is 30th, in the 2013 classical sprint.

Van der Graaff made her World Cup debut in March 2008. As of April 2014, she has two podium finishes, with the best a silver medal, in a freestyle sprint race at Nove Mesto in 2013–14. Her best World Cup overall finish is 24th, in 2013–14. Her best World Cup finish in a discipline is 7th, in the sprint in 2013–14.

She announced her retirement from cross-country skiing in March, 2022.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships
1 medal – (1 silver)

World Cup

Season standings

Individual podiums
 2 victories – (1 , 1 )
 5 podiums – (4 , 1 )

Team podiums
1 victory – (1  )
4 podiums – (4 )

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Swiss female cross-country skiers
Dutch female cross-country skiers
Tour de Ski skiers
Dutch emigrants to Switzerland
Olympic cross-country skiers for Switzerland
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
People from Graubünden
People from Nieuwkoop
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Sportspeople from South Holland


title: Zaba (album)

text:
Zaba (stylised as ZABA) is the debut studio album by English rock group Glass Animals, released on 9 June 2014 by Wolf Tone/Caroline International and on 17 June 2014 by Harvest Records in the US.

Background
Interest first arose in Glass Animals after the release of their debut extended play Leaflings on independent label Kaya Kaya Records, a subsidiary and imprint of XL Recordings, part of the Beggars Group of labels. After they became the first act to be signed to Wolf Tone, the record label of British producer Paul Epworth, they released their second, self-titled EP. A song from the EP, "Black Mambo", in addition to a re-recorded version of "Cocoa Hooves" from Leaflings, appears on Zaba, expanding the promotion of the album. Glass Animals also gained exposure in Europe by playing opening act on European shows of St. Vincent, Metronomy, Yeasayer and others. Zaba performed particularly well on the Australian charts, following three headline shows in the country and an appearance and regular airplay on Australian radio station Triple J. The album reached number 12 on the ARIA Charts.

Composition
Zaba is primarily a psychedelic indie pop record. The album's sound is characterized by obscure tropical percussion and jungle timbres. This musical motif reflects lead singer David Bayley's exotic subject matter, which was inspired by the William Steig children's book The Zabajaba Jungle. To achieve this sound, Bayley would record ambient sounds of a field near his house or the chewing of rabbits and other animals, and percussive sounds of cooking utensils and children's toys. Some of the songs were based specifically on certain adventure novels: "Toes", for example, intends to recreate the atmosphere of The Island of Doctor Moreau and Heart of Darkness.

Various music critics have indicated that Zaba holds strong R&B influences, particularly in its use of "hard-hitting" hip hop basslines, pop-influenced melodies, and husky vocals with a lyrical focus on sensuality. Additionally, Zaba is regularly noted for its subtle electronica influences and use of synthesizers. This is evident on the first track of the album, "Flip", which begins as a slow, seductive build of understated electronica and dream pop evocative of Jamie xx and Flying Lotus. The song then "erupting" into a "warm" wash of electronics and bass sounds; its deep, "sticky" beat is paired with percussion to form a "sonic honeycomb". "Black Mambo" opens with a similar steady build, and leads with pizzicato strings which "cascade" over xylophones into rich, soulful vocal harmonies.

Throughout its composition, Zaba explores the concept of minimalism, allowing the beats, melodies, and lyrics to "speak for themselves". The songs feature sparse, uncluttered, groove-driven electronic structures and mix soulful vocals, R&B beats, and gentle percussion with unobtrusive synths and light, glitchy electronica. Zaba'''s songs are connected by self-described "interludes" of echoed electronics, varied percussion, and smooth jazz, weaving them together so that while each individual track is distinctive, the album "melts" into a single, mellow groove. Carey Hodges of Paste noted that the "danceable" music on Zaba contains "bizarre, gorgeous, playful" dark atmospheres, saying it's "ideal for lazy Sunday mornings and hazy Friday nights".

The band were regularly placed out of their comfort zone while recording Zaba. Speaking on the recording of the album, Bayley said: "We were really worried about what our friends and family would think, basically. We kept everything quite toned down, and then we spent six or seven months experimenting, trying to find out what to do on the record, and after we finished those tracks, we had a much better idea of what we needed to do and how we wanted to sound." Executive producer Paul Epworth was the source of more unorthodox recording methods in the studio, particularly in the vocal take of "Gooey", during which Bayley laid down his vocals holding a pineapple named "Sasha Fierce", and recorded the final chorus in eight different impressions, including "an old woman, a drunk crack addict, [and] a terrible impression of James Brown" to replicate the sound of a choir. Nevertheless, Bayley assured that Epworth was a positive influence on the band: "He's a really great producer, he knows how to make everyone feel really relaxed and push you out of your comfort zone so you're not just regurgitating ideas but coming up with new ones and trying things out – even if they don't work."

Critical receptionZaba received generally favourable reviews, with an aggregated score of 77 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 12 reviews.

Commercial performance
As of October 2016 Zaba'' has sold 600,000 equivalent copies worldwide. It charted at No.12 in Australia and No.92 in the UK, where it has sold 18,824 copies, 6,515 of them as streams, according to the Official Charts Company.

As of October 2015 the LP has sold over 190,000 units in the US, and peaked at No.1 on the Alternative New Artist Chart after 64 weeks.

Track listing
All songs written, composed, and produced by Dave Bayley.

Personnel
David Bayley – producer
David Wrench – mixing
Glass Animals – primary artist, engineer
Joseph Hartwell Jones – engineer
Mandy Parnell – mastering
Matt Wiggins – engineer
Micah Lidberg – artwork, illustrations
Paul Epworth – executive producer

Charts

References

2014 debut albums
Glass Animals albums
Albums produced by Paul Epworth


title: Lucia Joas

text:
Lucia Joas (née Anger, born 26 January 1991 in Oberstdorf) is a German cross-country skier.

Joas competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Germany. She placed 31st in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

As of April 2014, her best showing at the World Championships is 42nd, in the classical 10 kilometres in 2011.

Joas made her World Cup debut in November 2009. As of April 2014, her best finish is sixth, in a freestyle sprint race at Oberhof in the 2013–14. Her best World Cup overall finish is 60th, in 2013–14. Her best World Cup finish in a discipline is 34th, in the sprint in 2013–14.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
German female cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Germany
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Oberstdorf
Skiers from Bavaria
21st-century German women


title: Marion Buillet

text:
Marion Buillet (born August 16, 1990 in Saint-Martin-d'Hères) is a French cross-country skier.

Buillet competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. She placed 36th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.

Buillet made her World Cup debut in December 2010. As of April 2014, her best finish is 10th, in a freestyle team sprint race at Milan in 2011–12. Her best individual finish is 11th, in a freestyle sprint race at Szklarska Poreba in 2013–14. Her best World Cup overall finish is 81st, in 2011-12. Her best finish in a discipline is 53rd, in the sprint in 2013-14.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Cup

References

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for France
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Saint-Martin-d'Hères
French female cross-country skiers
Sportspeople from Isère
Universiade bronze medalists for France
Universiade medalists in cross-country skiing
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
21st-century French women


title: Funastrum cynanchoides

text:
Funastrum cynanchoides (formerly called Sarcostemma cynanchoides), also known as fringed twinevine, twining milkweed or climbing milkweed, is a perennial plant in the family Apocynaceae that grows twining through other plants in the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert. It has milky sap and smells pungent. It is similar to Funastrum hirtellum.

Description
It is a twining vine-like plant that grows over other shrubs.

Its narrow, arrowhead shaped leaves are opposite and  long.

The flowers are pink to purplish, and are produced in umbrella-like heads (umbels) up to  wide.

It has a fruit that is  long, with tufted seeds about  long.

Distribution and habitat
It can be found from Southern California to Utah, Oklahoma and Texas. It grows at the edge of desert dry washes in the eastern Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert at altitudes below .

In urban areas the vine freely climbs on plants, trees, as well as having a preference for chain-link fencing in neglected areas.

Ecology
The flowers are actively visited and fed on by butterflies, similar to other milkweeds.

References

External links

Calflora Database: ''Funastrum cynanchoides  (Fringed twinevine)
 USDA Plants Profile for Funastrum cynanchoides (fringed twinevine)

Asclepiadoideae
North American desert flora
Vines
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Flora of Mexico
Flora of the South-Central United States
Flora of the Southwestern United States
Natural history of the Colorado Desert
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Butterfly food plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Taxa named by Joseph Decaisne


title: Karolína Grohová

text:
Karolína Grohová (born 21 November 1990 in Dvůr Králové nad Labem) is a Czech cross-country skier.

Grohová competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for the Czech Republic. She placed 38th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. She also competed with Eva Vrabcová-Nývltová, Petra Nováková and Klára Moravcová in the relay, finishing 10th.

As of April 2014, her best showing at the World Championships is 12th, in the relay in 2013. Her best individual finish is 34th, in the 2013 individual sprint.

Grohová made her World Cup debut in January 2011. As of April 2014, her best finish is 15th, in a classical team sprint race at Asiago in 2013–14. Her best individual finish is 28th, in a freestyle sprint at Lenzerheide in the 2013–14 Tour de Ski. Her best World Cup overall finish is 111th, in 2013–14. Her best World Cup finish in a discipline is 72nd, in the 2013-14 sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for the Czech Republic
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
People from Dvůr Králové nad Labem
Czech female cross-country skiers
Universiade bronze medalists for the Czech Republic
Universiade medalists in cross-country skiing
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
Sportspeople from the Hradec Králové Region


title: Kateryna Serdiuk

text:
Kateryna Serdiuk (, ; born September 16, 1989, in Kharkiv) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier.

Career
Serdiuk competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Ukraine. She placed 45th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. She was scheduled to compete in the team sprint with Maryna Lisohor, but did not start due to injury. The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine claimed Serdiuk was injured.

Serdiuk made her World Cup debut in November 2008. As of April 2014, her best finish is 11th, in a relay event at La Clusaz in 2008–09. Her best individual finish is 56th, in a freestyle mass start event at La Clusaz in 2008–09.

References

1989 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Ukraine
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Kharkiv
Ukrainian female cross-country skiers
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Ukraine
Universiade medalists in cross-country skiing
Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
21st-century Ukrainian women


title: Valiantsina Kaminskaya

text:
Valiantsina Valiancinaŭna Kaminskaya, also Valentyna Kaminska, (, ; born September 5, 1987, in Mahilyow) is a Belarusian (until 2018) and Ukrainian (since June 2018) cross-country skier. She competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics, 2018 Winter Olympics, and 2022 Winter Olympics.

Biography
Kaminskaya started her international career in 2007 when she competed at the Junior World Ski Championships in Tarvisio, finishing 69th in 10 km pursuit and 82nd in 5 km freestyle.

Kaminskaya made her World Cup debut on February 2, 2012, in Moscow, when she finished 38th in sprint. While competing for Belarus, her best World Cup finish was 37th in a freestyle sprint race in Ryabinsk during the 2014–15 season. As of January 2022, this result still remains her best individual World Cup finish.

Kaminskaya competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Belarus. She placed 47th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. She competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics where she took part in four events. At those Games, Kaminskaya was the only one in her team born Belarus.

Kaminskaya's transition to the Ukrainian team was announced in June 2018. On November 24, 2018, Kaminskaya debuted for Ukraine at the World Cup stage in Ruka where she was 61st in sprint.

In 2022, Valiantsina Kaminskaya was nominated for her third Winter Games in Beijing as a member of Ukrainian national team. She finished 79th in the 10 km event, 70th in the women's sprint qualification, and was part of the relay team which finished 18th. Kaminskaya failed a doping test and was suspended during the Olympics on 16 February.

Kaminskaya participated at three World Championships: in 2013 (for Belarus), 2019, and 2021 (both for Ukraine). Her best personal performance was 42nd in 30 km mass start in 2021. She also took part at the 2009 Winter Universiade, with her best personal result being 24th in sprint.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

1987 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Belarus
Olympic cross-country skiers for Ukraine
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Doping cases in cross-country skiing
Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade
Sportspeople from Mogilev
Belarusian female cross-country skiers
Ukrainian female cross-country skiers
Naturalized citizens of Ukraine
Belarusian emigrants to Ukraine
Ukrainian sportspeople in doping cases


title: Japanese M-1 cipher machine

text:
The Japanese M-1 cipher machine was a mechanical device the Japanese used for performing cryptography sometime during the 1930s.  More specifically it was used by naval attaches.  The US called it the ORANGE machine.

Cryptographically it is similar to the Red cipher; it was broken by Agnes Driscoll (Madame X).

References

Encryption devices


title: Daniela Kotschová

text:
Daniela Kotschová (born 19 September 1985 in Poprad) is a Slovak cross-country skier.

Kotschová competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Slovakia. She placed 55th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. She also teamed with Alena Procházková in the team sprint, finishing 7th in their semifinal and failing to advance.

As of April 2014, her best showing at the World Championships is 66th, in the classical sprint in 2013.

Kotschová made her World Cup debut in March 2008. As of April 2014, her best finish is 48th, in a freestyle sprint race at Düsseldorf in 2008–09. Her best World Cup overall finish is 60th, in 2013–14. Her best World Cup finish in a discipline is 34th, in the sprint in 2013-14.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

World Championships

World Cup

Season standings

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Olympic cross-country skiers for Slovakia
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Poprad
Slovak female cross-country skiers


title: Rioux (musician)

text:
Erin Rioux (pronounced ree-yoo) is an electronic psychedelic record producer, vocalist, and curator based in Brooklyn who makes music under the stage name Rioux. His work merges technology with traditional instrumentation, particularly guitar and bass guitar, to create a rhythmic yet cerebral sonic environment.

Career

2011 – 2014

Originally from the Detroit area, Rioux now resides in Brooklyn where he also runs his own event series and record label for electronic music called Connect.
In 2011 he released his first full-length LP, Everything You Need Is Right Here and in the following year he released his critically acclaimed EP Come On All You Ghosts which featured the single "Find the Reason".

2014 – Now

Late in 2012 Rioux began his multimedia event series, Connect, which celebrates artistic innovation across different mediums and in electronic music. Early in 2014 Rioux expanded the event series into a record label focusing on electronic music.
In 2014 Rioux released a string of singles including 'Trails,' 'Maze1,' and 'Lucifer,' which then culminated into his System Preferences EP with the final single 'Tree Torrent.' Rioux collaborated with digital media artist Cabbibo in creating a virtual environment for the EP.

Collaborations
In the summer of 2012 Rioux collaborated with Trinidadian-American astrophysicist & saxophonist Stephon Alexander to create their collaborative record Here Comes Now, out on August 4 of 2014 Rioux's record label Connect. The album features no-wave artist Arto Lindsay and will explore the connection between science and music, namely the creation of the universe.

Here Comes Now was given a positive score of 7.2 by Pitchfork (Pitchfork Media) before the album was even released. Pitchfork said

On September 5, 2014 Here Comes Now was named ″Sunset Album of the Week″ by one of Sydney, Australia's leading independent radio stations FBi Radio.

Also in September of that year, Rioux joined Cibo Matto to open for them on a few of their fall tour dates in the US.

Discography

Studio albums
 2011: Everything You Need Is Right Here
 2014: Here Comes Now (with Stephon Alexander)

EPs
 2012: Come On All You Ghosts
 2013: Supersymmetry
 2014: System Preferences
 2015: Evolver

Singles
 2013: Spirit Calling / Miniatures
 2014: Trails
 2014: Maze1
 2014: Lucifer

References

Musicians from New York City
Record producers from New York (state)
Living people
1990 births


title: Ponte de Sor, Tramaga e Vale de Açor

text:
Ponte de Sor, Tramaga e Vale de Açor is one of the parishes located in Ponte de Sor Municipality, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 11,198, in an area of 331.71 km2.

References

Freguesias of Ponte de Sor


title: Brad Hartman

text:
Bradley Hartman (born 16 November 1994) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted by Geelong with the 77th selection in the 2012 AFL Draft. He made his debut in round 13, 2014. After 5 games in 2014, Hartman took leave from the club at the start of the 2015 pre-season for personal reasons. After a period off Hartman decided to retire from AFL football due to personal issues.

Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|
| 36 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|
| 36 || 5 || 1 || 0 || 21 || 17 || 38 || 2 || 13 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 4.2 || 3.4 || 7.6 || 0.4 || 2.6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|
| 36 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 5
! 1
! 0
! 21
! 17
! 38
! 2
! 13
! 0.2
! 0.0
! 4.2
! 3.4
! 7.6
! 0.4
! 2.6
|}

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Sturt Football Club players
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football


title: Brooklyn Supreme

text:
Brooklyn "Brookie" Supreme (April 12, 1928 – September 6, 1948) was a red roan Belgian stallion noted for his extreme size. Although disputed, the horse may be the world record holder for largest (but not tallest) horse and was designated the world's heaviest horse. He stood 19.2 hands () tall and weighed  with a girth of . Each of his horseshoes required  of iron.

The horse was foaled on the Minneapolis, Minnesota farm of Earle Brown, who first exhibited him. Before becoming oversized, the stallion "had been Grand Champion of his breed in many state fairs". One of his great-grandfathers was another famous horse, Farceur 7332.

For much of his fame, Brooklyn Supreme was owned by Charles Grant Good of Ogden, Iowa; Ralph M. Fogleman of Callender, Iowa partnered with Good and exhibited the horse around the US, charging spectators 10 cents to view the animal.

See also
 List of historical horses
 Strawberry roan (horse color)

Notes

References

Individual draft horses
1928 animal births
1948 animal deaths


title: Nerves of Steel

text:
Nerves of Steel is a first-person shooter video game developed by Rainmaker Software and BnB Software that was published by Merit Studios in 1995 for MS-DOS computers. A port for the Atari Jaguar was slated for a Q2 1995 release, which never came to fruition.

Plot
Nerves of Steel is set in the near future in Southeast Asia where ruler Kim Dung Moon is set on purifying the world.  Moon plans to carry out this plan through a system of elaborate tunnels called the "Iron Triangle".  The player must infiltrate this tunnel system and defeat all soldiers and monsters in their path to stop Kim Dung Moon's evil plans.

Gameplay
The game is in a first-person perspective where the player uses rifles, pistols, and a rocket launcher to defeat monsters and soldiers in a tunnel complex.  This game has a very similar control setup to Doom.  The game has a solo campaign as well as multi-player playing options.

Reception
Nerves of Steel is generally viewed as one of the worst first-person shooter video games of all time.  Awkward controls and distasteful graphics are the two main complaints given by most reviewers.

The game was remade in the Doom engine by Impie, a member of the Doom community.

References

1995 video games
Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
First-person shooters
DOS games
DOS-only games
Video games developed in the United States
Sprite-based first-person shooters
Merit Studios games


title: Shin Mi-sung

text:
Shin Mi-sung (born April 15, 1978) is a South Korean curler who competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea.

Career
Shin was born in Seoul, South Korea, and competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea. She teamed with Kim Ji-sun, Lee Seul-bee, Gim Un-chi and Um Min-ji in the women's tournament. She began the tournament playing second, but ended up playing only four of the nine games, as the South Korean team went 3-6 to finish in a tie for 8th. She curled 73%, which was 9th out of the 10 seconds.

Shin made her World Curling Championships debut in 2002 as second for Kim Mi-yeon. It was the first time the South Korean team qualified for a World Championship. They finished with a winless 0–9 record. In 2009, the Kim Mi-yeon team went 3–6. Her other three appearances were with the Kim Ji-sun rink with whom she went to the Olympics with. Their best finish was fourth place finishes at both the 2012 and 2014 Championships.

As of 2014, Shin has participated in 10 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, winning the event on three occasions.

Education
 Sungshin Women's University

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Olympic curlers for South Korea
Curlers from Seoul
Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
South Korean female curlers
Asian Games medalists in curling
Curlers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games silver medalists for South Korea
Sungshin Women's University alumni
Pacific-Asian curling champions
South Korean Buddhists


title: Um Min-ji

text:
Um Min-ji (born February 1, 1991 in Seoul, South Korea) is a South Korean curler from Uijeongbu. She currently skips her own team on the World Curling Tour.

Career
Um competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for South Korea. She teamed with Kim Ji-sun, Lee Seul-bee, Shin Mi-sung and Gim Un-chi in the women's tournament. She began the tournament as the alternate, but played lead in five of the team's last six games, as the South Korean team went 3–6 to finish in a tie for 8th. She curled 85%, which was 6th out of the 10 leads. Later that year, Um made her World Curling Championships at the 2014 World Women's Curling Championship. The team would have great success, finishing the round robin with a 8–3 record, tied for fourth. The team would win the tiebreaker 7–5 over Sweden's Margaretha Sigfridsson to qualify for the playoffs. After winning the 3 vs. 4 page playoff game 9–5 over Russia's Anna Sidorova, the team would lose the semi-final 7–2 to Switzerland's Binia Feltscher and then lost the bronze medal game 7–6 to the Russians, settling for fourth place. The following season, the team finished runner-up at the 2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships to Japan's Satsuki Fujisawa. The team played in the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship but would not be as successful as in 2014. They missed the playoffs with a 5–6 record.

Kim Ji-sun would leave the team the following season and the team added Seol Ye-eun. They would have a slow few seasons, failing to win the Korean National Championships and being replaced as the national team by Kim Eun-jung in 2017 and 2018 and Kim Min-ji in 2019. But in summer 2019, Team Gim would win the 2019 Korean Curling Championships after stealing two in the tenth end of the final against Kim Min-ji. To start their tour season, her team had a quarterfinal finish at the 2019 Cameron's Brewing Oakville Fall Classic. They followed this by missing the playoffs at the 2019 Stu Sells Oakville Tankard, a semifinal finish at the 2019 AMJ Campbell Shorty Jenkins Classic and winning the 2019 KW Fall Classic posting a perfect 7–0 record en route to capturing the title. At the 2019 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, Team Gim had a disappointing finish. After going 6–1 in the round robin, they lost the semi-final to China's Han Yu. This performance meant they didn't qualify Korea for the 2020 World Championship through the Pacific region and would have to play in the World Qualification Event for their spot in the World's. Next Team Gim competed in the 2019 Boundary Ford Curling Classic where they lost in the final to Kim Min-ji. Two weeks later, they played in the Jim Sullivan Curling Classic in Saint John, New Brunswick, the same city where the team had success in 2014 at the World's. It was another successful run for the rink as they went 7–0 through the tournament to capture the title. The Gim rink went undefeated at the World Qualification Event, going 7–0 in the round robin and defeating Italy in the 1 vs. 2 playoff game to qualify South Korea for the World Championship. The team was set to represent South Korea at the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship before the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Qualification Event would be their last event of the season as the remaining two events (the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events) were also cancelled due to the pandemic.

Um left Team Gim to take over Team Oh Eun-jin for the 2020–21 season. The team competed at the 2020 Korean Curling Championships in November 2020, where they lost in the 3 vs. 4 playoff game to the Gim rink 8–6. Um left the team after the season to focus on mixed doubles and third Shin Ga-yeong took over skipping duties on the team.

Education
 Sungshin Women's University
 Seoul Hyundai Senior High School
 Seoul Shingu Middle School

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Olympic curlers for South Korea
Curlers from Seoul
Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
South Korean female curlers
Sungshin Women's University alumni
Universiade medalists in curling
Pacific-Asian curling champions
Universiade silver medalists for South Korea
Competitors at the 2013 Winter Universiade
21st-century South Korean women


title: Illinois School for the Deaf

text:
The Illinois School for the Deaf (ISD), located in Jacksonville, Illinois, is a state-operated pre-kindergarten, elementary and high school for the deaf and hard-of-hearing. ISD uses both English and American Sign Language, with a policy modeled after the Wisconsin School for the Deaf.

ISD was founded in 1839 in the county seat of Morgan County.

The school includes dormitories for its students.

References

External links

Jacksonville, Illinois
Public K–8 schools in Illinois
Public high schools in Illinois
Schools for the deaf in the United States
Schools in Morgan County, Illinois
Public K–12 schools in the United States
Public boarding schools in the United States
Boarding schools in Illinois


title: Kateryna Serdyuk

text:
Kateryna Serdyuk may refer to:

 Kateryna Serdyuk (archer) (born 1983), Ukrainian archer
 Kateryna Serdyuk (skier) (born 1989), Ukrainian cross-country skier