title: Randy Sabien

text:
Randy Sabien (; born September 26, 1956) is an American jazz violinist, composer, and music educator known for his live performances and numerous recordings, many of them on Flying Fish Records and Red House Records. At the age of 21 he founded and chaired the Jazz Strings department at Boston's Berklee College of Music and since 2009 has been the chair of the Strings department of McNally Smith College of Music.

Life and career

Sabien was born in North Carolina while his father was in the US Army as a dentist.  After his tour of duty, the family settled in Rockford, Illinois. Sabien, originally a drummer, took up the violin to fill a gap in his local youth orchestra and developed his love for jazz after hearing the jazz violinist Stephane Grappelli. Sabien studied classical music at the University of Illinois combined with performing as a country/rock fiddler before enrolling at Berklee College of Music in 1977.  The following year, at age 21, he founded and chaired Berklee's Jazz Strings department. He left Berklee after three years to record and tour, eventually settling in Hayward, Wisconsin.

In the early 1980s he performed with and produced three albums for folk singer-songwriter, Jim Post and founded the Randy Sabien Jazz Quintet. He went on to provide violin, mandolin, guitar and piano accompaniment for many other American singer/songwriters as well as recording his own albums.  His first solo album with the Randy Sabien Jazz Quintet, In a Fog, was released in 1983 on Flying Fish Records, and later re-released on Fiddlehead Music, the label he founded in 1989. His most recent solo album Rhythm and Bows was released in late 2007. May 1980 marked the first of Sabien's several appearances over the next 25 years on Garrison Keillor's radio series A Prairie Home Companion where he played in the show's The Guy's All-Star Shoe Band. His concert with the Fiddlehead Band at the Grand Theater in Wausau, Wisconsin was broadcast on Wisconsin Public Television in 2012 as was a thirty-minute background feature, On the Road: Randy Sabien & Mike Dowling with Sabien and Dowling performing "Long Tall Mama" in an "impromptu acoustic jam".

Since the 1980s Sabien has combined performing and composing with conducting workshops for schools, music camps, and youth orchestras. His educational video and jazz clinic Jazz: What it is was released in 1990. He has also co-authored with Bob Philips, the text book and teachers' manual series Jazz Philharmonic: Making jazz easy in the string orchestra. (Alfred Publishing Co., 2000). In 2009 he was appointed chair of the Strings department of McNally Smith College of Music. He continues to perform both as a guest soloist and with his Fiddlehead Band.

Discography

Solo artist

1983 In a Fog, Flying Fish Records
1989 Fiddlehead Blues, Fiddlehead Music
1991 The Sound of Fish Dreaming, Fiddlehead Music
1993 Paintin' the Canvas, Fiddlehead Music
1997 Live at the Cafe Carpe with Mike Dowling, Fiddlehead Music
2002  Segue with Brian Orff, Fiddlehead Music
2000s Cap a Cup of Dreams with Kevin McMullin, Fiddlehead Music
2004 Rock This House, Fiddlehead Music
2005 Randy Sabien Live, Quantum Leap Records
2008 Rhythm and Bows, Fiddlehead Music
2014 Soul of a Man, Fiddlehead Music
2017 Meet Me Under The Mistletoe, Fiddlehead Music

Guest artist
1979 Bela Fleck: Crossing The Tracks, Rounder Select
1981 Emery Christiansen: Between Planes, Mountain Railroad
1985  Greg Brown: In the Dark with You, Red House Records
1987 Jim Post:  Jim Post & Friends, Flying Fish
1988 Bela Fleck: Daybreak, Rounder Records
1990 Free Hot Lunch: Eat This, Flying Fish
1991  Jim Post: Learn Not To Burn,  National Fire Protection Music
1992  Jan Marra: These Crazy Years, Flying Fish
1996  Greg Brown:  Further In, Red House Records
1998 Peter Buffett: Wisconsin: An American Portrait,  Don't Records
2000  The Kate Wolf Anthology Weaver of Visions,  Rhino Records
2000  Mike Dowling: String Crazy, Wind River Records/Orchard
2000  Arthur & Friends: Arthur's Perfect Christmas,  Rounder Records
2001  Catfish Keith, Jitterbug Swing, Fish Tail Records/ Orchard
2001 Catfish Keith: Pepper in My Show, Fish Tall Records/ Orchard
2001  John Altenburgh: A Wisconsin Christmas, Orchard/Sony
2003 Greg Brown If I Had Known: Essential Recordings, 1980–96 Red House Records
2004 Jim Kansas: Jimmy and The Swingers  JK Records
2005  Corky Siegel's Traveling Chamber Blues Show!, Alligator Records
2007 Mick Sterling: Between Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, Calvin
2007  David Levin: Criminal, Day Eleven Records
2007  Randy Peterson: Picture Day!,  Randy Peterson Music
2007  Garrison Keillor: Dusty and Lefty: The Lives of the Cowboys, High Bridge Audio
2007  Ernie Hedrickson: Down The Road,  Ernie Hedrickson Music
2007  John Altenburgh: A Wisconsin Christmas "A Return To The Grand",  Altenburgh Records
2008  2007–2008 String and Full Orchestra, Alfred Music Publishing
2009  Peter Mulvey: Letters From a Flying Machine, Signature
2010  2009–2010 String and Full Orchestra, Alfred Music Publishing
2010  Music and The Creative Mind, FEMA Honors Orchestra, Mark Records
2012 Connie Evingson: Sweet Happy Life, Minnehaha Music
2012  Peter Mulvey: Good Stuff, CRS
2012  Kevin Bowe & The Okemah Prophets: Natchez Trace, Okemah Records
2013  Ian Callanan: In Beauty We Walk, GIA Publications
2013  Jack McNally: Take Time, Jack McNally Records

DVD
1986/2005 Randy Sabien Live in Minneapolis

References

External links

Randy Sabien: "Not Quite Like the Beatles", audio interview on WXPR
On the Road: Randy Sabien & Mike Dowling, video on PBS.org

Randy Sabien, artist's page on SRO Artists

American jazz violinists
American male violinists
Berklee College of Music faculty
Berklee College of Music alumni
1956 births
Living people
Musicians from Wisconsin
People from Hayward, Wisconsin
People from Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Jazz musicians from North Carolina
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Flying Fish Records artists


title: 1966 Grand Prix de Rouen-les-Essarts

text:
The 14th Grand Prix de Rouen-les-Essarts, was the third round of the 1966 Trophées de France. It was held on the Circuit de Rouen-les-Essarts, in Grand-Couronne, near Rouen, on the 10 July.
This Formula Two race was only a week after the previous round at Reims, and the cars were brought over from there and assembled in time for opening qualifying on the Thursday. Qualifying was scheduled for Thursday and Friday. This allowed those drivers competing in the Martini Trophy race at Slverstone to practise and then fly to England for the sportscar race and return to Northern France in time for the race on Sunday.

Report

Entry
A total of 26 F2 cars were entered for the event, of which 22 took part in qualifying. Of those 22, plenty of big names turned out. The championship leaders, Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme arrived with their Honda S100–powered Brabhams, hoping to continue their good form, as Brabham had won the two previous races at Pau and Reims. Roy Winkelmann brought two Cosworth-powered Brabhams for Jochen Rindt and Alan Rees, while John Surtees, Jacky Ickx, Graham Hill and Jean-Pierre Beltoise were scheduled to drive Matra-BRMs, although Surtees’ car was fitted with a Cosworth engine.

Qualifying
Thursday’s qualifying session was uneventful, with most teams trying to sort their cars for the weekend ahead. Jack Brabham turned in the fastest lap, timed at 2min 14.9, Jochen Rindt managed a 2:15.8 lap. Denny Hulme was unable to record a time below 2:16, while of the rest of field could not better 2:17.

Friday’s session was very different, with everyone trying to set a competitive time. Nevertheless, Brabham’s pole time of 2min 10.7 (averaging a speed of 112.018 mph) was a full two seconds quicker than his team-mate Hulme, and nearly 4½ seconds ahead of everyone else. Third was claimed by Jochen Rindt, in a time of 2:15.1, with half a second covering the next four drivers; John Surtees, Graham Hill, Jean-Pierre Beltoise and Richard Attwood.
Saturday’s Martini Trophy race at Silverstone, saw Denny Hulme victorious.

Race
On the Sunday, the Grand Prix de Rouen-les-Essarts was held over 46 laps of the Circuit de Rouen-les-Essarts.

Jochen Rindt got the jump, when the flag dropped, over the dominant Brabham-Hondas, leading into the first corner. However, by the Virage du Nouveau Monda (turn four), Jack Brabham was past and opened a three-second lead by the end of lap one. Rindt was second, following by Jean-Pierre Beltoise, Graham Hill, Alan Rees and Richard Attwood.

Meanwhile, back in ninth place was Denny Hulme. Although Brabham was pulling away at a rate of three seconds a lap, Hulme had passed everyone bar his team leader by lap 4, ahead of John Surtees, Beltoise, Rees and Rindt.

While the Brabham-Hondas headed off into the distance, Rindt made his way back to third, then pulled away from his pursuers. On lap 14, Brabham set the fastest lap of the race, with a 2m 14.6 lap. By this stage, Hulme was 3s behind and a gap of 15s to Rindt.

By half distance (lap 23), only ten cars remained on the lead lap. Rindt’s excellent drive came to an end, when his gearbox failed, while the Brabham pairing steamed on relentlessly. Then Rees held third, and immediately set about closing the gap to Hulme, halving the gap from 45s to 23s. Hulme’s car began sounding rough, and just six laps from the end of the race, Brabham stopped on the circuit with a broken gearlever, robbing him of a comfortable third straight Trophées de France win.

Hulme reeled off the remaining laps to secure his first Trophées de France win for two years, with Rees finishing second, 15s behind. Following mechanical problems to many of the cars, Pedro Rodríguez inherited third. Kurt Ahrens Jr. managed to claim fourth place from Hill, just a few corners from home, Hill finished fifth with Trevor Blokdyk sixth.

Denny Hulme took the winner's spoils for the works Brabham team, driving their Brabham-Honda BT18. Hulme won in a time of 1hr 46:33.5mins., averaging a speed of 105.313 mph.

Classification

Race result

 Fastest lap: Jack Brabham, 2:14.6ecs. (105.772 mph)

References

1966 in motorsport
Trophées de France
Grand Prix de Rouen-les-Essarts


title: Hope Island Resort Tennis Centre

text:
The Hope Island Resort Tennis Centre is a tennis venue located at the corner of Hope Island Road and Activa Way, Hope Island, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. It has hosted a number of international tennis tournaments.

When Brisbane's major tennis centre, Milton Courts, closed in 1990s due to financial losses, the Hope Island Resort Tennis Centre became increasingly used for major tennis events in Queensland. When the Queensland Government opened their new Queensland Tennis Centre at Tennyson in Brisbane in 2008, major events relocated to the new facility, while other events relocated to the Royal Pines tennis centre.

Pat Cash sold his interest in the centre in 2008 to Tennis Asia, a company based in Hong Kong, from 2008 the centre has been leased to a number of local lease holders. The association with Pat Cash was lost in 2010 when the lease holder Chris Steele decided not to renew the relationship. In 2012, Tennis Blue took over the lease followed by Australia Tennis Academy in 2014. In 2016, Activa Tennis Academy Australia took over the lease and are the current lease holder with Jeff Schneider as company director and head coach.

In April 2021, Gold Coast billionaire and former Member of Parliament, Clive Palmer, purchased the centre.

Facilities
The venue has 12 international standard hardcourts with floodlighting.

Tournaments
 1997 Gold Coast Classic
 1997 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
 1998 Thalgo Australian Women's Hardcourts
 1999 Thalgo Australian Women's Hardcourts
 2001 Thalgo Australian Women's Hardcourts
 Australian Women's Hardcourts (1997–2008)

See also

 Sports on the Gold Coast, Queensland

References

Hope Island, Queensland
Resorts in Australia
Tennis venues in Australia
Sports venues on the Gold Coast, Queensland


title: 1939 Star World Championship

text:
The 1939 Star World Championship was held in Kiel, Germany in 1939, organised by Yacht-Club von Deutschland and Norddeutscher Regatta Verein.

The championship regatta started on Sunday 20 August 1939.
Walter von Hütschler and Edgar Beyn were the winners when the racing concluded the Friday after.

Events
21 teams from 8 nations were present. Swedish boat Unn was sailed by Arvid Laurin and Alban Verne.

von Hütschler won the first race on Monday 21 August.

The crew of the Dutch boat Bem II, Henny Scholtz, was sent home for military duty and replaced. On Thursday 24 August, Dutch, French, and British crews were notified to return home by their consulates.

Results

References

External links

Star World Championship
1939 in sailing
Sailing competitions in Germany
Sport in Kiel
1939 in German sport
August 1939 sports events
Sports competitions in Schleswig-Holstein


title: Alexey Volkov (biathlete)

text:
Alexey Anatolyevich Volkov (, born 5 April 1988) is a Russian former biathlete.

Career
He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2012 in Ruhpolding, and at the Biathlon World Championships 2013 in Nove Mesto na Morave. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the individual and in the Men's relay. Together with Anton Shipulin, Evgeny Ustyugov and Dmitry Malyshko he won the gold medal in the Men's Relay.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
1 medal (1 gold)

World Championships
1 medal (1 gold)

*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**The mixed relay was added as an event in 2005.

Biathlon World Cup

World Cup rankings

Overall record

Podiums

References

External links
International Biathlon Union – Alexey Volkov

1988 births
Living people
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Russian male biathletes
Olympic biathletes for Russia
Biathlon World Championships medalists
Competitors stripped of Winter Olympics medals
People from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Sportspeople from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
20th-century Russian people
21st-century Russian people


title: Pentalofos, Thessaloniki

text:
Pentalofos (, , is a village and a community of the Oraiokastro municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Kallithea, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 2,022 inhabitants in the village. The community of Pentalofos covers an area of 29.874 km2.

History

In 1845 the Russian slavist Victor Grigorovich recorded Gradobor as mainly Bulgarian village.

See also
 List of settlements in the Thessaloniki regional unit

References

Populated places in Thessaloniki (regional unit)
Oraiokastro


title: Peter Rosenberg

text:
Peter Elliot Rosenberg (born July 23, 1979) is an American radio disc jockey, television show host, and professional wrestling personality, who is signed to WWE where he is a one-time WWE 24/7 Champion. He is a co-host of two New York City radio programs: Ebro in the Morning, the weekday morning show at hip hop radio station WQHT ("Hot 97"); and The Michael Kay Show on ESPN Radio affiliate WEPN-FM, which is also simulcast on the YES Network.

Early life
Rosenberg was born and raised in Chevy Chase, Maryland, to M.J. Rosenberg, a Capitol Hill staffer father and public school teacher mother, and he attended Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School. He describes his upbringing as "a very Jewish, upper middle class, regular suburban life."  He was introduced to hip hop by his older brother, and has also cited popular songs such as "Parents Just Don't Understand" by DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince as early influences. Visiting his grandparents in Rockaway Beach in Queens, New York, US, he was influenced by radio shows hosted by DJ Red Alert and Marley Marl. He obtained his first set of turntables at the age of 14 years.

Career

Radio
In the summer before his freshman year at the University of Maryland, Rosenberg started hosting a late-night underground hip hop show, From Dusk 'Til Dawn, on campus radio station WMUC-FM. His initial DJ name was "PMD," an acronym for "Peter From Maryland" (a name given to him by Marley Marl while winning a contest on Marl's radio show). After graduating from college, Rosenberg performed as a DJ at a variety of radio stations in the DC area, including WPGC, WHFS and on talk radio at WJFK-FM. He began making online parody videos, which were seen by the soon-to-be program manager of New York's Hot 97 Ebro Darden, and these led to his 2007 hiring at the radio station.

Rosenberg co-hosts the weekday morning show, The Hot 97 Morning Show, on Hot 97 from 6 to 10 a.m. with Ebro and Laura Stylez. They play contemporary hip hop and R&B tracks, interview musicians, and discuss music, relationships, sex and race in a straightforward style. He also hosts Real Late With Rosenberg on Sunday nights on Hot 97, and he and Cipha Sounds co-host the podcast Juan Epstein, which has featured guests such as Jay-Z, Eminem, Rick Ross and Pusha T. Hot 97 is the most listened-to hip hop station in New York City and Rosenberg has said that he dreamed of being on the station as a child.

Rosenberg is also known for supporting and introducing the public to up-and-coming New York rap artists. He was the first media personality to interview rapper Earl Sweatshirt after he returned in 2012 from a nearly two-year hiatus in Samoa. In an April 2014 New Yorker piece on Rosenberg, he explained: "Since I have a foot in both worlds, an artist can play me three tracks, and I can go, ‘This one only hip-hop heads like me will appreciate. This one could be big, but it’s corny. But this one could reach a lot of people, without you sacrificing who you are’".

After becoming mayor of New York City in 2014, Bill de Blasio's debut traditional Friday morning mayoral radio interview was by phone with Rosenberg and Ebro on The Hot 97 Morning Show.

He also hosts a number of podcasts including Bite the Mic with Mike Tyson.

On March 6, 2020, it was announced Rosenberg had signed a deal with WWE to host their monthly pay per view panel shows, as well as other related projects.

Professional wrestling

Since 2009, Rosenberg has hosted a YouTube series called Wrestling with Rosenberg where he has interviewed professional wrestlers including WWE Hall of Famers Hulk Hogan, Shawn Michaels, Mick Foley and Jesse Ventura.

On December 19, 2009, Rosenberg served as a guest commentator for Ring of Honor's (ROH) Final Battle 2009 pay-per-view. He has also appeared for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

In late 2013, he began co-hosting a podcast called Cheap Heat with Grantland wrestling journalist David Shoemaker.

In February 2015, he appeared on WWE Hall of Famer Stone Cold Steve Austin's podcast.

On December 4, 2016, Rosenberg made his first appearance as a panelist on the TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pre-show. In January 2017, Rosenberg became the host of the WWE Network show, Bring it to the Table, alongside Paul Heyman and John "Bradshaw" Layfield, with Corey Graves replacing Heyman in later episodes.

Since 2017, Rosenberg has also served as a panelist on numerous pay-per-view pre-shows as well as several Talking Smack and Raw Talk post-shows.

On January 31, 2021, at the Royal Rumble, Rosenberg, who was serving as a pre-show panelist, pinned R-Truth to win the WWE 24/7 Championship. The following day, however, R-Truth snuck up on him live on The Michael Kay Show and pinned him to win back his title.

TV/video
Rosenberg hosted Hip Hop Squares on MTV2 for both of its two seasons. The show, which aired from May 22, 2012, to December 18, 2012, was based on the tic-tac-toe game show Hollywood Squares. It featured a rotating cast of rappers, DJ's, comedians, and sports and TV personalities as the nine squares on the board.

Rosenberg is the host of Noisemakers, a hip hop interview series that began in 2008. Past guests include Nas, DJ Premier and Diddy. Interviews take place primarily at the 92nd Street Y in Manhattan. The series has been described as a hip hop version of Inside the Actors Studio.

In June 2013, he began hosting a new original video series on Complex TV. On The Process, he interviews new and established hip hop artists about their songwriting approach. The first episode's guest was Raekwon. Other subjects include Prodigy, Schoolboy Q, Azealia Banks, Future and Goodie Mob.

Concerts
Rosenberg throws an annual summer concert, Peterpalooza, in celebration of his birthday. The first took place at the Best Buy Theater in Manhattan in 2012, and featured performances from Odd Future, Raekwon, Asher Roth, Nitty Scott and Smoke DZA. The second, at Williamsburg Park in Brooklyn in 2013, featured performances from Schoolboy Q, Meek Mill, Odd Future, Fabolous and World's Fair.

Nicki Minaj controversy
After Rosenberg implied on the small stage at Hot 97's Summer Jam 2012 concert that Nicki Minaj's pop single "Starships" was not "real hip-hop", Minaj, the concert's scheduled headliner, withdrew from the concert. Rosenberg declined to apologize, clarifying that his comments were not meant as an attack on Minaj, and that she is "inherently hip hop… it’s just that 'Starships' is definitely not." Minaj was replaced on the bill by Nas and Lauryn Hill.

On May 28, 2013, nearly a year after the dispute began, Minaj appeared as a guest on Rosenberg's Hot 97 morning show. The two made up, with Rosenberg apologizing and noting that he doesn't have anything against Minaj personally. Minaj said that she should not have canceled her performance, but was annoyed at the time due to her lack of familiarity with Rosenberg. A week after appearing on Hot 97, Minaj joined 2 Chainz at Summer Jam 2013, performing two songs with the rapper.

Discography
Rosenberg has released two official mixtapes. The first was What's Poppin' Vol. 1 in 2011, more than half of the rappers on the tape were from New York. Artists include Action Bronson, The Kid Daytona, Skyzoo, Raekwon, Kendrick Lamar, Danny Brown, J. Cole, Odd Future and Sugar Tongue Slim. In April 2013, he released his second official mixtape, The New York Renaissance, with new music from A$AP Rocky, A$AP Ferg, Joey Bada$$, Action Bronson, Flatbush Zombies, Troy Ave, Smoke DZA and others. He voiced the intro for Rick Ross's 2012 mixtape The Black Bar Mitzvah. He also made an appearance on the track "Sincerely Yours" from Little Brother's sophomore album The Minstrel Show.

Compilation albums
 Real Late (2021)

Mixtapes
 What's Poppin' Vol. 1 (2011)
 The New York Renaissance (2013)

Personal life
Rosenberg is Jewish and was married to sportscaster Alexa Datt until 2018. They lived on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, where he currently resides. In regard to his affection for hip hop music, Rosenberg stated in an April 2014 interview: "I will go toe to toe with almost anyone in terms of knowledge, trivia, and love of this music."
Since 2020, he has been in a relationship with New York photographer, Natalie Amrossi. Rosenberg announced his engagement to Amrossi on the June 22nd, 2022 edition of the Michael Kay Show.

Filmography

Championships and accomplishments
WWE
 WWE 24/7 Championship (1 time)

References

External links
 RosenbergRadio.com
 Peter Rosenberg at Hot 97

Living people
1979 births
American podcasters
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School alumni
People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
Professional wrestling journalists and columnists
Professional wrestling podcasters
Radio personalities from New York City
American television talk show hosts
20th-century American Jews
Jews and Judaism in New York City
American sports radio personalities
American people of Arab descent
WWE 24/7 Champions
21st-century American Jews


title: Balaji Venugopal

text:
Balaji Venugopal is an Indian actor, who has worked in Tamil films. Beginning his career as a radio host, Balaji appeared in films including Poisollaporom, Madrasapattinam (2010) and Nanban (2012), before playing a leading role in the noir comedy Sutta Kadhai (2013).

Career
After beginning his career as a radio jockey in Radio Mirchi, He is currently working as a prime time radiokey in Hello FM. Balaji became a television presenter for Vijay TV hosting a show Vasool Rani, he then went on to host Raagamaalika on Jaya TV. He made his acting debut with Poi Solla Porom (2008) and then appeared in films including Madrasapattinam (2010), Nanban and Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi (2012), before playing a leading role in the noir comedy Sutta Kadhai (2013). He has played the antagonist role in Naaigal Jaakirathai (2015).

In 2015, Venugopal became the creative head of a new YouTube channel called Madras Meter, which features several comedy skit videos in Tamil and has attracted over 250,000 subscribers.

Filmography

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Indian male film actors
21st-century Indian male actors


title: Joseph George Megler

text:
Joseph George Megler (March 10, 1838 – September 10, 1915), generally known as J.G. Megler,  was a German-American salmon cannery owner and politician in Washington. He was a member of the Washington House of Representatives for the first legislature in 1889 and five terms thereafter. He was also a member of the Washington State Senate for two terms.

During his political career he held the positions of Speaker of the House and President pro tempore of the Senate. He has been described as the father of the salmon hatcheries in Washington.

Early life
J.G. Megler was born in Berkach, Thuringen, Germany, in 1838, the first child of a schoolteacher. Left an orphan by the age of 9, he emigrated to the U.S. along with his younger brother and two sisters to join an uncle in New York. Some years later they relocated to Syracuse, where he studied the trade of tinsmithing.

Megler entered military service for the Civil War at Cairo, Illinois, on December 19, 1861 for the Union. He began as a paymasters clerk on the gunboat Lexington, and was soon promoted to Master's Mate and then Ensign. During the war he saw action in the battles of Fort Henry, Donelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg and Red River. He was honorably discharged at New York in October 1865 and joined his brother, Alexander Megler, in Astoria, Oregon late that year. There he briefly joined his brother in running the Astoria Hotel; however within two years he sold his share in the business to Alexander Megler and returned to the business of tinsmithing.

J.G. Megler Co.
In 1871, Megler moved across the Columbia River to Chinook, Washington to join the salmon cannery of Ellis, Jewett and Chambers as the manager. The business subsequently became the cannery of Megler & Jewett.

In 1873, he built a salmon cannery on the Washington side of the Columbia River by Jim Crow Point, naming the place  Brookfield in honor of his wife Nellie Smith's birthplace of North Brookfield, Massachusetts. He bought out his partners and established the business under the name of J.G. Megler & Company. Over the years J.G. Megler & Co. expanded operations, building and running an additional salmon cannery in Aberdeen, Washington from 1887 to around 1893, continuing to operate a fish receiving station at the site of his old cannery (now known as Megler Cove), and adding a dock across the river in Astoria.

Megler was a relentless innovator, bringing new technologies and practices to his cannery.  In 1904, the Brookfield cannery had two canning lines, making it one of the larger canneries on the Columbia River. By 1927, it had a capacity of 5 lines.

Megler quickly recognized the danger of overfishing on the Columbia and was an early proponent of legislated fishing limits and of fish hatcheries as a method to combat the collapse of salmon fisheries as seen in California and on the East Coast. He was one of the founders of The Oregon & Washington Fish Propagating Co., a collection of Columbia River salmon packers who in 1877 established the first salmon hatchery in the Pacific Northwest on a tributary of the Clackamas River in Oregon. In 1888, it became a station of the United States Fish Commission.

After Megler's death in 1915, his wife Nellie Megler took over the company and ran it until 1925, when external managers were brought in. J.G. Megler & Co. continued to operate as an independent business until the cannery burned in 1931. The company's continuous production of canned salmon from 1873 till 1930 made it one of the longest running canneries on the Columbia River. The cannery was not rebuilt and the town of Brookfield was slowly abandoned.

Political career
J.G. Megler was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the first Washington legislature in 1889 representing Wahkiakum County, Washington, running as part of the Republican ticket, and was re-elected to the second legislature in 1891 from the newly created District 24 based in Wahkiakum County. In 1893, he lost his seat to J.J. Foster, a Democrat.

In 1895, he ran instead for a seat in the Senate for the Republican party. He served as Republican senator of the fourteenth district, comprising the counties of Cowlitz, Pacific and Wahkiakum,  in the fourth session in 1895 and the fifth session in 1899.
In 1901, he was elected President pro tempore of the Senate.

In 1903, 1905 and 1907 (8th, 9th and 10th legislative sessions) he represented Wahkiakum County (then District 25) in the House of Representatives. In 1905 he was elected Speaker of the House. He received ninety votes to four votes for his opponent, and one of the four was his own vote. In 1909, he was replaced by Republican Joseph R. Burke, but in 1911 he reclaimed the seat for the twelfth legislative session.

As of 2014, he is one of only three people who have held both the positions of Speaker of the House and President pro tempore of the Senate of Washington State (the others being Howard D. Taylor and Victor Zednick).

He was active in supporting the development of state-supported fish hatcheries, negotiating with the United States Fish Commission, creating a fish commission, and in promoting legislation for the fisheries, including negotiating with the state of Oregon on rules governing fishing on the Columbia River.  A consummate back-room deal maker who preferred to operate out of the public eye, he was known for his organizational abilities.

A biographer of the 1905 session said: "It can be truthfully said that no name in the present legislature or any previous one in this state has been so continuously connected with the legislative history of the state as the Hon. J.G. Megler."

Death
J.G. Megler died on September 10, 1915, at his home in Brookfield, Washington. He was survived by his wife Nellie.

Megler, Washington and Megler Cove, the bay in which J.G. and later his wife ran a fish-receiving station (and perhaps a cannery) from 1891 till 1930 were named for him. The Astoria-Megler Ferry ran from Megler in Washington to Astoria from 1921 to 1966, when it was replaced by the Astoria–Megler Bridge. In 2005, the Megler Rest Area was renamed "Dismal Nitch" as part of the Lewis and Clark Memorial project, although some historians dispute that this location is in fact correctly identified.

References

1838 births
1915 deaths
American people of German-Jewish descent
Republican Party members of the Washington House of Representatives
Republican Party Washington (state) state senators
19th-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians


title: David Malis

text:
David Malis (born c. 1957) is an American operatic baritone. In 1985 he won the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition. His roles include Papageno in Mozart's The Magic Flute.

References

1957 births
Living people
American operatic baritones


title: Yesterday's Men (TV programme)

text:
Yesterday's Men is a British documentary shown in the 24 Hours series (BBC 1) on 17 June 1971. The programme is remembered for provoking a major clash between the Labour Party and the BBC. According to Anthony Smith, the editor of 24 Hours at the time, the film led to "the biggest and most furious row that a television programme in the English language has ever provoked."

Documentary

The History of the BBC section of the corporation's website asserts on its page on the Yesterday's Men controversy: "Straight-dealing is one of the principles of BBC programme making, but it has not always been followed." The programme makers reversed the slogan the Labour Party had used in the 1970 general election against the Conservatives (who won) to apply to the members of the former Labour government now in opposition. As far as they knew, the programme's title was "Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition", rather than the real title of the programme was not disclosed to participants. Nor were they informed that it would feature a satirical song with this title commissioned from The Scaffold pop group. Wilson and his colleagues "were effectively tricked into taking part in a programme that would ridicule them" according to the BBC's own account. The normal procedure would have been to refer the matter of the song upwards in the management hierarchy, but this was not done.

The objective of the programme, the idea of David Dimbleby, was to analyze the first year in opposition of the Labour Party after their six years in government under Harold Wilson. The historian Jon Lawrence has commented though, that "the programme was widely viewed as a deliberate attempt to undermine the folksy, down-to-earth image of Wilson and his fellow Labour ex-ministers by presenting them as driven above all by money and personal ambition." The tone was found to be objectionable by Labour, particularly as a companion film on Edward Heath and his Conservative government broadcast the following evening Mr. Heath's Quiet Revolution was thought to be much more positive.

During Wilson's interview in his room at the House of Commons,  reporter David Dimbleby asked him to reveal the precise fee he had been paid by The Sunday Times for the serialisation rights of his memoirs of the government's period in office. This, plus the accusation that he might have profited from his access to secret government papers, led to a heated exchange between them. According to press secretary Joe Haines, questions about Wilson's book were excluded from the agreement with the production team, although this detail was disputed at the time. This portion of the interview was not transmitted. Still, the transcript was soon leaked despite threats from Wilson. "Inadvertently it seemed, we’d stumbled upon this legal tax avoidance scheme," Dimbleby said in 2013. According to him, as a first-time author, Wilson had been paid a small fee by his publisher, resulting in tax-free royalties.

In addition to Wilson, the documentary features interviews with former cabinet ministers such as James Callaghan, Roy Jenkins and Denis Healey, and Barbara Castle. Future prime minister (and Wilson's eventual successor) Callaghan is thought to be already too old for the job at almost 60. Jenkins tries to evade the question of whether—owing to his optimistic view of the entry into the European Economic Community (later the European Union)—he might ultimately lead a party faction in a split over the issue.

The political difficulties of being in opposition are discussed, including the problems implicit in opposing the Industrial Relations Bill when the Labour government had made its attempt, with the "In Place of Strife" white paper, to change the legal framework under which industrial disputes should proceed. Callaghan, who had opposed "In Place of Strife", refuses to say whether it was appropriate for Castle to shadow her previous portfolio. Peter Jenkins, a journalist on The Guardian, is interviewed about the political situation and comments about the leading figures.

Repercussions and responses
Haines complained about the documentary to Charles Curran, the BBC's director general, immediately after the filming of the Wilson interview had concluded. Lord Goodman, Wilson's solicitor, explored the legal possibilities of gaining an injunction to prevent its broadcast, which was not pursued. Shortly before transmission, Wilson asked the governors to intervene, and contrary to usual practice, the governor's chairman Lord Hill, and some of his colleagues, saw the programme before it went out. As Nick Robinson argues: "Instead of defending the management and inquiring afterward into whether they'd carried out their jobs properly, the governors had taken over editorial control at the prompting of a political leader."

In response to the decision not to transmit the question about Wilson's memoirs, Dimbleby and director-producer Angela Pope had their names removed from the credits. Journalist Robert Kee thought at the time that the programme was "a vulgarly brilliant equivalent of the newspaper cartoon" and that it was "the duty of a healthy Fourth Estate to reflect some [disrespect]." According to Tony Benn in his diary, those responsible for the programme "knifed Harold as hard as they could."

In an internal contemporary memo, John Crawley, assistant to Charles Curran, thought "the title and the commissioned song ... [gave] the programme the flavour of malice that ruined it." Later in 1971, the governors issued a partial apology for the film, and a BBC Programmes Complaints Commission was established in October. Subsequently, Dimbleby detected a "rather hideous softening" in the way politicians were questioned, and BBC–Labour relations took time to return to normal. The Annan Committee Report in 1977 commented that the controversy had led to "caution, lack of direction, touchiness and unsteadiness" at the BBC.

John Simpson, reflecting in 2010, wrote that while the programme was "clever and funny", it was also "distinctly shallow, poking its finger into the eye of authority merely for the sake of it." The Corporation agreed not to show the film again during Wilson's lifetime, and it was not screened until a Harold Wilson Night on the BBC Parliament channel in 2013 commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Wilson becoming Labour leader.

References

External links

1971 controversies
1971 in British television
BBC controversies
BBC television documentaries
British documentary television films
BBC television documentaries about politics


title: Connected learning

text:
Connected learning is a type of learning where a young person pursues a personal interest with friends and adults, and their learning is linked to academic achievements, career success, or civic engagement. Advocates of connected learning say this approach leverages new media to broaden access to opportunity and meaningful learning experiences. The connected learning model suggests that youth learn best when they are interested in what they are learning, they have peers and mentors who share these interests, and their learnings are directed toward opportunity and recognition. According to the proponents of connected learning, social support for interest-driven learning and connections to multiple sites of learning activities to drive individual learning outcomes. Platforms that support connected learning are generally characterized as having a sense of shared purpose, a focus on production, and openly networked infrastructures.

History
Connected learning has been a term used in research since the early 1990s. The original usages piggybacked on the concept of connected knowing, which emphasized the importance of context in the development of knowledge for women. Many articles from this time used the term connected learning in reference to hands-on education like fieldwork or internships which is tied to the concept of learning in context. The early research that used the term connected learning also shared the common theme of mentoring being important for learning outcomes. From 2000, the term connected learning began to be used in research publications to refer various project-based, networked, social, and information-age learning.
Cronwell and Cronwell created the first "framework and an organizing set of principles to guide educational research and development," (p.17). This research was supported by the Center for Internet Research. This connected learning framework is based on the following set of principles:
 The education process must become learner-centered.
 Assessment – diagnostic, formative, and summative – must be improved and deeply integrated into the learning and teaching process.
 National and state academic standards must be met or exceeded.
 Ethnic academic achievement gaps must be addressed and eliminated.
 Learning must become more active.
 The formation of lifelong learning behaviors must be facilitated.
 Education reform must be guided by empiricism.
 Well-designed, technology-enabled education reform will be self-improving, self-reforming and self-documenting.
 Teaching and learning content must be of the highest possible quality, current and relevant.
 Proven pedagogical methodologies and the best research from all fields with a bearing on learning and teaching must be integrated into education.
 The needs of all stakeholders (students, teachers, parents, administration, government, business, etc.) must be served.
 Reform must also address the need to improve the formation and achievement of vocational goals by students.
 Where minimum standards exist, the goal must be near-universal mastery rather than a standard distribution of achievement. (pp. 19)
This idea of connected learning is supposed to be an alternative to traditional in-school instruction. They label this connected learning framework as a work in progress that needs more research to support it. However, no further research has been completed on this framework.

Examples
Examples of learning environments that integrate peer, interest, and academic pursuits including athletics programs that are tied to in-school recognition, certain arts and civic learning programs, and interest-driven academic programs such as math, chess, or robotics competitions. These connected learning environments embody values of equity, social belonging, and participation. Connected learning environments include a sense of shared purpose, a focus on production, and openly networked infrastructures. Learning platforms that embody principles of connected learning include:
 YOUmedia
 Harry Potter Alliance
 Quest to Learn
North America Scholastic Esports Federation
Connected Camps
Vanta Leagues
Prisma

Reception
Connected learning since its recent ramp up has been well received from the global education community. Educators and policymakers have raised concerns regarding the new model of learning laid out by research and practitioner groups, which included:
 Connected learning is "yet another buzz word for the corporatization of education."
 Connected learning is devoid of critical thinking as it relies on "a formula for students getting what they already want to find … [rather than] broadening horizons to discover what is not already known."
 The model gives no mention of key K–12 educators who have been pushing for similar types of networked/connected learning for the past decade.
 Increased workload for those who support learners is also a concern

Connected Learning Research Network chair Mimi Ito responded to the criticism pointing out that, "the connected learning principles were developed with a very diverse range of practitioners in K–12 and other learning institutions like museums and libraries, as well as people working in popular culture/media, technology, and university researchers. So while the research network hopes to provide a research component to feed the broader connected learning effort, we are by no means the driving force behind it.”

References

Alternative education
Experiential learning
Learning methods


title: VA-155 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-155 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established as Torpedo Squadron VT-153 on 26 March 1945. The squadron was redesignated as VA-16A on 15 November 1946, and finally designated as VA-155 on 15 July 1948. It was disestablished on 30 November 1949. Its nickname is unknown. It was the first squadron to be named VA-155, the second VA-155 was originally established in 1946, redesignated as VA-155 on 4 February 1953, and disestablished on 30 September 1977, while a third VA-155 was established on 1 September 1987 and disestablished on 30 April 1993.

During the squadron’s deployment to the western Pacific from March to October 1947, three of its aircraft were equipped as antisubmarine warfare (ASW) planes, giving it an ASW mission as well as attack.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAAF Lewiston – 26 Mar 1945
 NAAS Oceana – 01 Jun 1945
 NAS Norfolk – 02 Jul 1946
 NAS Alameda – 08 Aug 1946
 NAS Whidbey Island - O1 Sep 1987

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 TBM-3E Avenger – 30 Mar 1945
 TBM-3Q Avenger – Apr 1946
 TBM-3W Avenger – Apr 1947
 AD-2 Skyraider – 19 Jul 1948
 A-6E Intruder - 01 Sep 1987

See also
 List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

External links

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: CRISPR interference

text:
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It was first developed by Stanley Qi and colleagues in the laboratories of Wendell Lim, Adam Arkin, Jonathan Weissman, and Jennifer Doudna. Sequence-specific activation of gene expression refers to CRISPR activation (CRISPRa).

Based on the bacterial genetic immune system - CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) pathway,
the technique provides a complementary approach to RNA interference. The difference between CRISPRi and RNAi, though, is that CRISPRi regulates gene expression primarily on the transcriptional level, while RNAi controls genes on the mRNA level.

Background

Many bacteria and most archaea have an adaptive immune system which incorporates CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes.

The CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technique was first reported by Lei S. Qi and researchers at the University of California at San Francisco in early 2013. The technology uses a catalytically dead Cas9 (usually denoted as dCas9) protein that lacks endonuclease activity to regulate genes in an RNA-guided manner. Targeting specificity is determined by complementary base-pairing of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to the genomic locus. sgRNA is a chimeric noncoding RNA that can be subdivided into three regions: a 20 nt base-pairing sequence, a 42 nt dCas9-binding hairpin and a 40 nt terminator (bacteria,

 yeast, fruit flies, zebrafish, mice).

When designing a synthetic sgRNA, only the 20 nt base-pairing sequence is modified. Secondary variables must also be considered: off-target effects (for which a simple BLAST run of the base-pairing sequence is required), maintenance of the dCas9-binding hairpin structure, and ensuring that no restriction sites are present in the modified sgRNA, as this may pose a problem in downstream cloning steps. Due to the simplicity of sgRNA design, this technology is amenable to genome-wide scaling.
CRISPRi relies on the generation of catalytically inactive Cas9. This is accomplished by introducing point mutations in the two catalytic residues (D10A and H840A) of the gene encoding Cas9. In doing so, dCas9 is unable to cleave dsDNA but retains the ability to target DNA. Together, sgRNA and dCas9 constitute a minimal system for gene-specific regulation.

Transcriptional regulation

Repression
CRISPRi can sterically repress transcription by blocking either transcriptional initiation or elongation. This is accomplished by designing sgRNA complementary to the promoter or the exonic sequences. The level of transcriptional repression with a target within the coding sequence is strand-specific.
Depending on the nature of the CRISPR effector, either the template or non-template strand leads to stronger repression.
For dCas9 (based on a Type-2 CRISPR system), repression is stronger when the guide RNA is complementary to the non-template strand. It has been suggested that this is due to the activity of helicase, which unwinds the RNA:DNA heteroduplex ahead of RNA pol II when the sgRNA is complementary to the template strand. Unlike transcription elongation block, silencing is independent of the targeted DNA strand when targeting the transcriptional start site. In prokaryotes, this steric inhibition can repress transcription of the target gene by almost 99.9%; in archaea, more than 90% repression was achieved; in human cells, up to 90% repression was observed.
In bacteria, it is possible to saturate the target with a high enough level of dCas9 complex. In this case, the repression strength only depends on the probability that dCas9 is ejected upon collision with the RNA polymerase, which is determined by the guide sequence. Higher temperatures are also associated with higher ejection probability, thus weaker repression.
In eukaryotes, CRISPRi can also repress transcription via an effector domain. Fusing a repressor domain to dCas9 allows transcription to be further repressed by inducing heterochromatinization. For example, the well-studied Krüppel associated box (KRAB) domain can be fused to dCas9 to repress transcription of the target gene up to 99% in human cells.

Improvements on the efficiency
Whereas genome-editing by the catalytically active Cas9 nuclease can be accompanied by irreversible off-target genomic alterations, CRISPRi is highly specific with minimal off-target reversible effects for two distinct sgRNA sequences. Nonetheless, several methods have been developed to improve the efficiency of transcriptional modulation. Identification of the transcription start site of a target gene and considering the preferences of sgRNA improves efficiency, as does the presence of accessible chromatin at the target site.

Other methods
Along with other improvements mentioned, factors such as the distance from the transcription start and the local chromatin state may be critical parameters in determining activation/repression efficiency. Optimization of dCas9 and sgRNA expression, stability, nuclear localization, and interaction will likely allow for further improvement of CRISPRi efficiency in mammalian cells.

Applications

Gene knockdown
A significant portion of the genome (both reporter and endogenous genes) in eukaryotes has been shown to be targetable using lentiviral constructs to express dCas9 and sgRNAs, with comparable efficiency to existing techniques such as RNAi and TALE proteins. In tandem or as its own system, CRISPRi could be used to achieve the same applications as in RNAi.

For bacteria, gene knockdown by CRISPRi has been fully implemented and characterized (off-target analysis, leaky repression) for both Gram-negative E. coli  and Gram-positive B. subtilis.

Not only in bacteria but also in archaea (e.g., M. acetivorans) CRISPRi-Cas9 was successfully utilized to knockdown several genes/operons that related to nitrogen fixation.

Allelic series
Differential gene expression can be achieved by modifying the efficiency of sgRNA base-pairing to the target loci. In theory, modulating this efficiency can be used to create an allelic series for any given gene, in essence creating a collection of hypo- and hypermorphs. These powerful collections can be used to probe any genetic investigation. For hypomorphs, this allows the incremental reduction of gene function as opposed to the binary nature of gene knockouts and the unpredictability of knockdowns. For hypermorphs, this is in contrast to the conventional method of cloning the gene of interest under promoters with variable strength.

Genome loci imaging
Fusing a fluorescent protein to dCas9 allows for imaging of genomic loci in living human cells. Compared to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the method uniquely allows for dynamic tracking of chromosome loci. This has been used to study chromatin architecture and nuclear organization dynamics in laboratory cell lines including HeLa cells.

Stem cells
Activation of Yamanaka factors by CRISPRa has been used to induce pluripotency in human and mouse cells providing an alternative method to iPS technology. In addition, large-scale activation screens could be used to identify proteins that promote induced pluripotency or, conversely, promote differentiation
to a specific cell lineage.

Genetic screening
The ability to upregulate gene expression using dCas9-SunTag with a single sgRNA also opens the door to large-scale genetic screens, such as Perturb-seq, to uncover phenotypes that result from increased or decreased gene expression, which will be especially important for understanding the effects of gene regulation in cancer. Furthermore, CRISPRi systems have been shown to be transferable via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as bacterial conjugation and specific repression of reporter genes in recipient cells has been demonstrated. CRISPRi could serve as a tool for genetic screening and potentially bacterial population control.

Advantages and limitations

Advantages
CRISPRi can silence a target gene of interest up to 99.9% repression. The strength of the repression can also be tuned by changing the amount of complementarity between the guide RNA and the target. Contrary to inducible promoters, partial repression by CRISPRi does not add transcriptional noise to the target's expression. Since the repression level is encoded in a DNA sequence, various expression levels can be grown in competition and identified by sequencing.
Since CRISPRi is based on Watson-Crick base-pairing of sgRNA-DNA and an NGG PAM motif, selection of targetable sites within the genome is straightforward and flexible. Carefully defined protocols have been developed.
Multiple sgRNAs can not only be used to control multiple different genes simultaneously (multiplex CRISPRi), but also to enhance the efficiency of regulating the same gene target. A popular strategy to express many sgRNAs simultaneously is to array the sgRNAs in a single construct with multiple promoters or processing elements. For example, Extra-Long sgRNA Arrays (ELSAs) use nonrepetitive parts to allow direct synthesis of 12-sgRNA arrays from a gene synthesis provider, can be directly integrated into the E. coli genome without homologous recombination occurring, and can simultaneously target many genes to achieve complex phenotypes.
While the two systems can be complementary, CRISPRi provides advantages over RNAi. As an exogenous system, CRISPRi does not compete with endogenous machinery such as microRNA expression or function. Furthermore, because CRISPRi acts at the DNA level, one can target transcripts such as noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, antisense transcripts, nuclear-localized RNAs, and polymerase III transcripts. Finally, CRISPRi possesses a much larger targetable sequence space; promoters and, in theory, introns can also be targeted.
In E. coli, construction of a gene knockdown strain is extremely fast and requires only one-step oligo recombineering.

Limitations
The requirement of a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence limits the number of potential target sequences. Cas9 and its homologs may use different PAM sequences, and therefore could theoretically be utilized to expand the number of potential target sequences.
Sequence specificity to target loci is only 14 nt long (12 nt of sgRNA and 2nt of the PAM), which can recur around 11 times in a human genome. Repression is inversely correlated with the distance of the target site from the transcription start site. Genome-wide computational predictions or selection of Cas9 homologs with a longer PAM may reduce nonspecific targeting.
Endogenous chromatin states and modifications may prevent the sequence-specific binding of the dCas9-sgRNA complex.  The level of transcriptional repression in mammalian cells varies between genes. Much work is needed to understand the role of local DNA conformation and chromatin in relation to binding and regulatory efficiency.
CRISPRi can influence genes that are in close proximity to the target gene. This is especially important when targeting genes that either overlap other genes (sense or antisense overlapping) or are driven by a bidirectional promoter.
Sequence-specific toxicity has been reported in eukaryotes, with some sequences in the PAM-proximal region causing a large fitness burden. This phenomenon, called the "bad seed effect", is still unexplained but can be reduced by optimizing the expression level of dCas9.

References

Genome editing
Repetitive DNA sequences
Non-coding RNA


title: Marius Brenciu

text:
Marius Brenciu (born 11 November 1973 in Brașov) is a Romanian operatic tenor. He won the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition in 2001.

He won the second prize at the Queen Elisabeth Competition in 2000; he was a jury member on that competition in 2018.

His older brother is the singer of popular music Horia Brenciu.

References

Living people
Romanian operatic tenors
People from Brașov
1973 births
21st-century Romanian male opera singers


title: Mayhem Festival 2014

text:
Mayhem Festival 2014 was the seventh annual Mayhem Festival.  Dates were announced on February 18, 2014, and lineup officially announced March 31, 2014.

In a January 2014 video interview at NAMM, Korn guitarist James 'Munky' Shaffer revealed that Korn and Avenged Sevenfold would headline the 2014 Mayhem Festival. On March 5, over 3 weeks ahead of the scheduled official announcement, nearly the entire lineup leaked.

Mayhem Festival 2014 lineup

Mainstage
 Avenged Sevenfold
 Korn
 Asking Alexandria
 Trivium

Coldcock American Herbal Whiskey Stage
 Cannibal Corpse
 Suicide Silence
 Miss May I
 Mushroomhead
 Texas Hippie Coalition
 King 810
 Hell or Highwater

Sumerian Records / Headbang For The Highway Stage
 Body Count
 Upon a Burning Body
 Veil of Maya
 Darkest Hour
 "Headbang For The Highway"

Victory Records Stage
 Emmure
 Ill Niño
 Wretched
 Islander
 Erimha
 Second Pass

Dates

A number of the dates were scheduled to feature altered lineups:
 Denver (Main Stage acts only: Avenged Sevenfold, Korn, Asking Alexandria, Trivium and Body Count)
 Wantagh (Main Stage acts only: Avenged Sevenfold, Korn, Asking Alexandria, Trivium)
 San Bernardino + Mountain View (Emmure did not perform at these shows)
 Houston (Main stage and Coldcock Stage artists, as well as Body Count and Emmure. King 810 did not perform)
 Milwaukee featured 18 bands, but Avenged Sevenfold and Korn did not perform (dubbed "A Taste Of Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival")

References

Mayhem Festival by year
2014 in American music
2014 music festivals
2014 festivals in the United States
July 2014 events in the United States
August 2014 events in the United States


title: Paradise Garden

text:
Paradise Garden is a lost 1917 American silent comedy romance film starring Harold Lockwood and directed by Fred J. Balshofer. The film is based on a novel, Paradise Garden, by George Gibbs and has a feature role for Virginia Rappe, who would soon be more famous for her death under mysterious circumstances that were sensationalized by the media. Metro Pictures distributed the film.

Cast
Harold Lockwood - Jerry Benham
Vera Sisson - Una Habberton
Virginia Rappe - Marcia Van Wyck
William Clifford - Roger Canby
Lester Cuneo - Jack Ballard
G. Sprotte - Henry Ballard
Catherine Henry - Miss Gore
George Hupp - Jerry Benham, as child (credited as Little George Hupp)
Olive Bruce - (undetermined role)
Harry DeRoy - (undetermined role)

Reception
Like many American films of the time, Paradise Garden was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors required cuts of two scenes of a couple standing before a nude painting in background and of the closeup of the girl's back after her gown was torn from her shoulder.

References

External links

1917 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by Fred J. Balshofer
Films based on American novels
Lost American romantic comedy films
American black-and-white films
1917 romantic comedy films
Metro Pictures films
Censored films
1910s American films
Silent romantic comedy films
Silent American comedy films
English-language romantic comedy films
1910s English-language films


title: Red River Valley Council

text:
Red River Valley Council may be:

Red River Valley Council (North Dakota)
Red River Valley Council (Texas)
Red River Area Council (Oklahoma)


title: Glashagarriff River

text:
Glashagarriff River () is a tributary of the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland.

Name and location
Glashagarriff is an anglicised version of the Irish Glaise Gharbh (meaning 'rough stream'). The 18th century topographer, Charles Smith, refers to it as the 'Glashigarriff' river. The Ordnance Survey name book of  gives various versions such as 'Clashgorrave', 'Closhagorrave', 'Closhagorriff' and 'Closhagorriv', and describes the river as rising out of the bogs of Doneens and Lyroe, flowing between the parishes of Aghinagh, Aghabollogue and Magourney, and falling into the River Lee to the south.

There are a number of waterfalls on the river, including at Mullinhassig Wood, and close to its conflience with the River Lee.

An Irish Tourist Association survey of 1944 refers to the Glashagarriff river as having brown trout and freshwater eels, but no salmon angling, nor permit for trout fishing required.

Glashagarriff Bridge
Glashagarriff Bridge is a bridge on the river approximately  west of Coachford village. It is located at a meeting point of four townlands (Carhoo Lower, Carhoo Upper, Carrigathou and Coolnagearagh) and two civil parishes (Aghinagh and Magourney). Referred to as 'Clashgarriff Br.' on the 1841 surveyed OS map, and 'Glashagarriff Br.' on the 1901 surveyed OS map, the bridge spans the Glashagarriff River before it joins the River Lee a short distance to the south.

At Cork Spring Assizes in 1807, a presentment was approved in favour of Richard Townsend and Cornelius Molony to repair 'Gassagariff bridge, between Cork and Macromp' for the amount of £10 9s 4d.  At Cork Spring Assizes in March 1828, an application for a presentment was approved for the amount of £71 8s 8d, in favour of Charles Colthurst, John Bowen, John Haly and William Haly 'to widen Glashagorrive bridge on the road from Cork to Macroom.

References

Rivers of County Cork


title: Wonka Vision

text:
Wonka Vision was an American music magazine.

History
While Justin Luczejko was attending high school, he started Wonka Vision with two friends, Elysa Stein and Andrew Wertz in 1998; a twenty-page zine that they copied at an OfficeMax store. Philadelphia City Paper describes Wonka Vision as an "ambitious music and pop culture zine started as a creative outlet for a kid stranded in suburbia." The name comes from the 1971 film, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. In 2001 Wonka Vision also became a record label. Wonka Vision ceased publication in 2010.

Content
Wonka Vision contains interviews, reviews, poetry, indie-punk and zine reviews, and "pointed leftist rants and bits of kitschy minutiae." The cover is printed in full color. Guitarist Colin Frangicetto did photography for the magazine. In a 2008 interview with South Philly Review, Luczejko explains that Wonka Vision "do[es] art, politics, anything that's sort of underground, on that edge [...] it's not just rock, we do hip-hop-always have-I grew up listening to rap, indie rock, hardcore, we've done what we love." The bimonthly magazine featured interviews, album reviews, and pop culture articles.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1997 establishments in Pennsylvania
2010 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Music magazines published in the United States
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1997
Magazines disestablished in 2010
Magazines published in Philadelphia


title: Wayne Haag

text:
Wayne Haag is an Australian artist and illustrator, mainly of science fiction works.

He has worked in film and television in Australia, USA and New Zealand. He was a matte painter for the television series Farscape Season 1 and for the first two The Lord of the Rings films, amongst other work. He also creates concept art for film projects.

Haag created the cover art for six novels and three ebooks by Australian writer Matthew Reilly, starting with Seven Ancient Wonders.

Haag also contributes interior and cover illustrations for TTA Press, Interzone (magazine).

References

Australian illustrators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


title: Enterovirus C

text:
Enterovirus C is a species of enterovirus. Its best known subtype is poliovirus, the cause of poliomyelitis. There are three serotypes of poliovirus, PV1, PV2, and PV3. Other subtypes of Enterovirus C include EV-C95, EV-C96, EV-C99, EV-C102, EV-C104, EV-C105, EV-C109, EV-C116, EV-C117, and EV-C118. Some non-polio types of Enterovirus C have been associated with the polio-like condition AFP (acute flaccid paralysis), including 2 isolates of EV-C95 from Chad.

References

Enteroviruses
Polio


title: Christian Genest

text:
Christian Genest (; born January 11, 1957, in Chicoutimi, Quebec) is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at McGill University (Montréal, Canada), where he holds a Canada Research Chair. He is the author of numerous research papers in multivariate analysis, nonparametric statistics, extreme-value theory, and multiple-criteria decision analysis.

He is a recipient of the Statistical Society of Canada's Gold Medal for Research and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2015.

Contributions

Genest is best known for developing models and statistical inference techniques for studying the dependence between variables through the concept of copula. He has designed, among others, various techniques for selecting, estimating and validating copula-based models through rank-based methods. His methodological contributions in multivariate analysis and extreme-value theory found numerous practical applications in finance, insurance, and hydrology.

Throughout his career, Genest also made significant contributions to the development of techniques for the reconciliation and use of expert opinions and pairwise comparison methods used to establish priorities in multiple-criteria decision analysis. He is the author or co-author of over 250 scientific publications, about half of which appeared in peer-reviewed journals. Part of his work is also concerned with the history of statistics and scientometrics. Christian Genest has given over 300 invited talks, including 75+ presentations for a general audience.

Birthplace and education

Christian Genest was born on January 11, 1957, in Chicoutimi (Québec, Canada). He was trained as a mathematician at the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (B.Sp.Sc., 1977) and at the Université de Montréal (M.Sc., 1978) before completing graduate studies in statistics at the University of British Columbia (Ph.D., 1983). His thesis, entitled "Towards a Consensus of Opinion", was written under the supervision of James V. Zidek and earned him the Pierre Robillard Award from the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC) in 1984.

Academic career

After completing his PhD, Christian Genest was a postdoctoral fellow and visiting assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) in 1983–84. From 1984 to 1987, he was an assistant professor in the Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo, ON). He was then hired by Université Laval (Québec, QC), where he was promoted to the ranks of associate in 1989 and professor in 1993. He joined McGill University (Montréal, QC) in 2010, where he holds a Canada Research Chair in Stochastic Dependence Modeling.

Honors and prizes

Christian Genest was the first recipient of the CRM-SSC Prize in 1999. He received the SUMMA Research Award from Université Laval the same year. In 2011, the Statistical Society of Canada awarded him its most prestigious distinction, the gold medal, "in recognition of his remarkable contributions to multivariate analysis and nonparametric statistics, notably through the development of models and methods of inference for studying stochastic dependence, synthesizing expert judgments and multi-criteria decision making, as well as for his applications thereof in various fields such as insurance, finance, and hydrology." Christian Genest is a fellow of the American Statistical Association since 1996, a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics since 1997, and an honorary member of the Association des statisticiennes et statisticiens du Québec since 2012.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2015 and received a Humboldt Research Prize from the  Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in  2019. He was the first statistician to receive the John L. Synge Award in 2020 and the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize in 2023.

Community service

Christian Genest has served the mathematical and statistical communities in many ways. Among others, he was director of the Institut des sciences mathématiques du Québec (2012–15), president of the Statistical Society of Canada (2007–08) and president of the Association des statisticiennes et statisticiens du Québec (2005–08). He served on Statistics Canada's Advisory Committee on Statistical Methods for several years, and on the editorial board of various peer-review journals, including The Canadian Journal of Statistics (1988–2003), the Journal de la Société française de statistique (1999–2008) and the Journal of Multivariate Analysis (2003–2015). He was also editor in chief of The Canadian Journal of Statistics (1998–2000) and guest editor for various books and special issues, including two for Insurance: Mathematics and Economics (2005, 2009). From September 2015 to May 2019, he was editor in chief of the Journal of Multivariate Analysis. His many contributions earned him the Distinguished Service Award from the Statistical Society of Canada as early as 1997.

Others

Christian Genest is married to Johanna G. Nešlehová, professor of statistics at McGill University. One of his sisters, Sylvie Genest, is a professor in the Faculty of Arts at the Université du Québec à Montréal. Christian has four children (Marianne, Arnaud, Vincent, Richard). Vincent Genest is himself a researcher and the author of many papers in mathematical physics.

References

External links

 Personal Webpage

1957 births
Living people
French Quebecers
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian statisticians
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
People from Saguenay, Quebec
Presidents of the Statistical Society of Canada
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi alumni
Université de Montréal alumni
University of British Columbia alumni
Academic staff of Université Laval
Academic staff of McGill University
Mathematical statisticians


title: Godfrey Mgimwa

text:
Godfrey William Mgimwa (born 24 August 1981) is a Tanzanian CCM politician.

Early life and career
Mgimwa was born in Iringa Region. He is the son of former Tanzanian Finance Minister William Mgimwa. He was educated at Wilolesi Primary, Azania Secondary and St Mary's High School. In 2014, he won the Kalenga by-election by a landslide receiving 22,962 votes (79.27%).

References

1981 births
Living people
Chama Cha Mapinduzi MPs
Tanzanian MPs 2010–2015
Tanzanian MPs 2015–2020
Azania Secondary School alumni
Alumni of London Metropolitan University


title: Undress (Jesca Hoop album)

text:
Undress is the 2014 studio album by Californian singer-songwriter Jesca Hoop, that features duets and acoustic re-workings of previously released material. Guest include Guy Garvey, Sam Beam, Willy Mason and Erika Wennerstrom. It was released in February 2014 under Last Laugh Records and financed through crowd funding. Digital editions contained the bonus track 'City Bird'.

Track listing

Personnel
Jesca Hoop – vocals, guitar
Tom Lloyd Goodwin – guitar on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9
Guy Garvey;– Guest vocal on 'Murder of Birds'
Rebecca Stephens – Backing Vocals on tracks 2, 4, 5, 9, 10
Zoe Kyoti – Backing Vocals on tracks 2, 4, 5, 9, 10
Pete Marshall – Drums on tracks 2, 5
Willy Mason – Guest vocal and guitar on 'Whispering Light'
Aoife O'Donovan – Harmony contributions on 'Whispering Light'
Rebecca Stephens, Zoe Kyoti, Aga Debiec and Paul Mortlock – Stomps, claps and snaps on 'Four Dreams'
Erika Wennerstrom – Guest vocal on 'Tulip'; backing vocals on 'Feast of the Heart'
Jess Johnston – Bass on tracks 6, 7
Lucas Oswald – Vibraphone on tracks 6, 7
Mathew Shephard – Drums on tracks 6, 7
Carissa Hoop – Backing vocals on tracks 6, 7
Sam Beam – Guest vocal and Guitar on 'Hunting My Dress'

Technical personnel
Paul Mortlock – engineering except; 'Whispering Light' recorded by Tony Berg at Zeitgeist Studio; 'Feast of the Heart' and 'Tulip' by Danny Reisch at Good Danny's and 'Hunting My Dress' by Ryan Pickett with help from Tim Iseler at The Tabernacle Theatre.
Paul Mortlock – mastering except 'Feast of the Heart' and 'Tulip' by Danny Reisch at Good Danny's.

Design
Melanie Knott

References

2014 albums
Jesca Hoop albums


title: Eternal Enemies

text:
Eternal Enemies is the sixth studio album from Emmure, released on April 15, 2014. It is the final album to feature drummer Mark Castillo after his departure less than 3 months after the album's release. It is also the final album to feature Jesse Ketive, Mark Davis, and Mike Mulholland after their departure on December 22, 2015.

Background
When the track listing for the album was released on February 18, 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://altpress.com/news/entry/emmure_announce_new_album_eternal_enemies|title='Emmure announce new album 'Eternal Enemies|publisher=AltPress |date=2014-02-18 |accessdate=2014-02-19}}</ref> the name of the first track, "Bring a Gun to School", sparked controversy.  This resulted in their former guitarist Ben Lionetti making a statement with respect to his former ensemble and commenting on the track, calling lead vocalist Frankie Palmeri a "disgusting human being".  He reportedly considered filing legal action against Emmure, their record label and their management to retrieve the money that is due to him and his brother Joe, a former drummer of the band. The song title has been changed to simply "(Untitled)" in the iTunes store.

 Critical reception

At Alternative Press'', Phil Freeman rated the album four stars out of five, remarking how the release is "Emmure's latest slab of relentless, skull-battering deathcore" and it "finds them in top form." Elsewhere, the album was heavily panned. At Sputnikmusic, Davey Boy remarked how the album was "so unsubtle and earnest" in its "targeting of rage-filled teenage males, through aggressive, hateful and misogynistic words." Tomas Doyle of Thrash Hits called lead vocalist Frankie Palmeri a "very angry man", and unfavorably compared the album's controversial intentions to the brilliance of controversial artists like Marilyn Manson and Eminem. He went further as to say the album was "so fatally lacking in musical spark."

Track listing

 (*) = Title was later changed to "(Untitled)" on the album’s retail release.

Commercial performance
The album debuted at No. 57 on the Billboard 200 (No. 55 in the Top Current Albums), and at No. 4 in the Top Hard Rock Albums chart with 6,475 copies sold in its debut week in the U.S.

Personnel

Emmure
 Mark Castillo - drums
 Mark Davis - bass guitar
 Jesse Ketive - guitar
 Michael Mulholland - guitar
 Frankie Palmeri - vocals

Production
Mixed & mastered by Joey Sturgis @ The Foundation Recording Studios, Connersville, Indiana
Vocals recorded by Nick Scott & Allan Hessler @ Metro 37 Studios
Guitar & bass recorded by Nick Scott
Drums recorded by Joseph Hall
Publicity by Rachel Rosenberg
Booking by Amanda Fiore (The Pantheon Agency, US) & Marco Walzel (Avocado Booking, EU)
Art & layout by Randy Pfeil
Photo by Eric Richter & Dustin Smith

Charts

References

2014 albums
Emmure albums
Obscenity controversies in music
Victory Records albums
Albums produced by Joey Sturgis


title: George D. Begole

text:
George Davis Begole (May 28, 1877 – December 22, 1956) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1931 to 1935.

References

Mayors of Denver
1877 births
1956 deaths


title: Robert Morris (Denver mayor)

text:
Robert Morris (15 July 1838 – 24 June 1917) was an Irish-American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1881 to 1883.

References

Mayors of Denver
1838 births
1917 deaths
19th-century American politicians


title: Podesta Baldocchi

text:
Podesta Baldocchi (Podesta & Baldocchi) is one of the oldest operating florists in San Francisco, founded in 1871.

Their headquarters on 224 Grant Avenue, with Italian marble artwork and tile floors, acquired from the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, was featured in Alfred Hitchcock's 1958 film Vertigo.

In September 1999, Podesta Baldocchi was sold to Fort Lauderdale-based Gerald Stevens Inc., which operates a network of 231 floral online locations, delivering flowers, in 28 markets in the United States.

In November 2001, San Francisco native Marc Rovetti took ownership of Podesta Baldocchi, as an online business. Marc's father had emigrated from Italy in the 1950s and had worked at Podesta Baldocchi before starting his own floral business.

References

External links

Companies established in 1871
Florists
Retail companies based in California


title: William Scott Lee

text:
William Scott Lee (c. 1851–1916) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1887 to 1889.

References

Mayors of Denver
1850s births
1916 deaths
19th-century American politicians


title: William Fitz Randolph Mills

text:
William Fitz Randolph Mills (September 8, 1856 – November 16, 1941) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1918 to 1919.

References

Mayors of Denver
1856 births
1941 deaths


title: Elqui Valley (wine region)

text:
The Elqui Valley is a wine region centered on Elqui River in northern Chile. The Elqui Valley Denomination of Origin (DO) is defined by the Chilean appellation system, the legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown. The region lies 400 km (250 mi) north of Santiago, at the southern end of the Atacama Desert in the Coquimbo region. It is known for producing table grapes and other fruits, as well as pisco brandy, Chile’s most popular liquor. It is considered the most commercially viable wine-producing region of northern Chile.

The region’s vineyards extend from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the Andes Mountains in the east, and rise to an elevation of 2,000 meters above sea level (6,500 feet). Wine production began in the Elqui Valley in the 1990s when Chilean wine producers began to look at potential viticulture sites outside the Chilean Central Valley. Since then,  of vines have been planted, mostly along the River Elqui valley, where grape growers have access to high-quality water for irrigation.

The region has clay, silt and chalk soil, and is characterized by a sunny, desert-like climate, less than  of annual rainfall, dry rocky terrain, steep valleys and temperate hills cooled by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains, producing excellent results for varietals like Syrah.

Grape distribution by varietal

References

Wine regions of Chile


title: Wolfe Londoner

text:
Wolfe Londoner (July 4, 1842 – November 23, 1912) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1889 to 1891.

Biography

He was born on 4 July 1842 to parents Herman Londoner and Rachel Hearst in New York City, New York. His family was Jewish. Londoner later converted to the Episcopalian faith but continued donating to Jewish causes. While his father was a wealthy merchant, he found himself to become restless and at the age of 13 years, he left home and travelled by steamship to San Francisco. While here he found employment in a local hotel (where he received $125 a month, including board) and also took on work at an auctioneers helping sell goods every evening (where he received $200 a month). He continued with this work until he had saved enough to open his own grocery business, he remained here for 4 years, until he decided to return to New York, where he went into business with his father.

In 1856 his father moved the business to Dubuque, Iowa and opened a large store, putting Wolfe's older brother in charge. He took charge of another branch store a few miles away. During the Panic of 1857 the whole business folded, his father took the last remaining stock to St. Louis hoping to revive the business there and then send monetary funds back to DuBuque to assist his family in making the journey down the Mississippi River to St. Louis. After waiting a short time Wolfe received $20 from his father, while told to wait for further funds, he ignored this and bartered with a local steamboat captain who eventually acquiesced to allow him and the rest of the family passage for $15 total (promising to repay the rest once he had found work in St. Louis).

Upon arriving in St. Louis he worked sporadically until meeting Mr. A. Hanauer, an old family friend, who provided more secure and better paid employment with Hanauer, Dold & Co. (a general merchants and freighters). In spring 1860, while still in their employment he moved to Denver to take charge of their store, then during the summer he was sent on to Cañon City, Colorado to start another store, which became the 1st stone building in the city. During winter of this same year, he gave up the management of the Denver store, preferring to take on a store in California Gulch as his own, where he stayed until 1865. While located there he held the offices of County Clerk, Recorder of Lake County, County Treasurer and County Commissioner.

In 1865 he moved to Denver and opened a wholesale and grocery store with his brother Julius, aptly named Londoner & Brother, going on to open further stores in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico and Wyoming, at one point turning over £1 million per annum. In 1887 the Denver business moved premises to the Londoner Block, a large four-story building (located at 1624-1630 Arapahoe Street).

In 1889 he won the nomination for Mayor for the Republican's, however it came with much scandal, as due to concerns he wouldn't win, a number of friends stuffed ballot boxes and traded drinks for votes at local drinking establishments. He became Denver's 20th Mayor by 77 votes, however shortly after getting into office, several disgruntled candidates filed charges against him for corruption, which was taken to court on 6 April 1890. The jury determined that he should step down from office, he appealed this decision with the Colorado Supreme Court but on 7 February 1891 lost his case, with the Court upholding the Lower Courts decision.

He was a founding member of the Denver Press Club, becoming infamous in the town for his 'cyclone cellar', the name given to the basement under his store where reporters would gather to discuss local gossip. He was later elected as President of the Colorado State Press Association in 1900.

Londoner died in 1912 of apoplexy.

References

1842 births
1912 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Jewish mayors of places in the United States
Mayors of Denver
Politicians from New York City


title: Xianshuihe fault system

text:
The Xianshuihe fault system is a major active sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip fault zone in southwestern China, at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. It has been responsible for many major earthquakes, and is one of the most seismically active fault zones in this part of China.

Tectonic setting
The Xianshuihe fault system lies within the complex zone of continental collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It forms one of a set of sinistral fault zones that help accommodate the eastward spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. The fault zone defines the northern and eastern edges of the Sichuan-Yunnan block, and the southeastern boundary of the Bayan Har block.

Geometry
The Xianshuihe fault system comprises several distinct segments, with an overall length of about 350 km. The main segments are the Ganzi (or Ganzi-Yushu), the Xianshuihe, the Anninghe-Zemuhe, and the Xiaojiang faults.

Seismicity
Movements on this fault system have been responsible for many large historical earthquakes, with more than 20 events of magnitude greater than 6.5 since 1700. Some of these earthquakes have formed linked sequences, with each event being triggered by the previous one due to stress changes.

Creep
Like the San Andreas Fault in California, the Xianshuihe exhibits a behavior called  Aseismic creep. The Xianshuihe fault creeps at a rate of a few mm/yr between earthquakes.

Notable earthquakes
 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake
 1850 Xichang earthquake
 1923 Renda earthquake
 1955 Zheduotang earthquake
 1973 Luhuo earthquake
 1981 Dawu earthquake
 2010 Yushu earthquake
 2022 Luding earthquake

See also
Xianshui River

References

Seismic faults of Asia
Geology of China
Strike-slip faults


title: William H. Sharpley

text:
William H. Sharpley (December 2, 1854 – December 5, 1928) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1915 to 1916. He died of heart disease in 1928.

References

External links

Colorado Democrats
Mayors of Denver
1854 births
1928 deaths


title: ASC Trarza Nadi Sporting

text:
ASC Trarza Nadi Sporting is a Mauritanean football club based in Rosso, the capital of the Trarza region.
The club plays in the Mauritanean Premier League.

Stadium
Currently the team plays at the 1000 capacity Stade Trarza.

Honours
Coupe du Président de la République
Winner (2): 1982, 1984

References

External links
Team profile - maurifoot.net
Team profile - soccerway.com

Football clubs in Mauritania


title: Thomas S. McMurray

text:
Thomas S. McMurray (1855–1918) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1895 to 1899. A lawyer by trade, McMurray came to Denver in 1885.

Mayor of Denver
In 1893 Denver received a new municipal charter by the state legislature that decentralized much of the mayor's powers into six different administrative departments, two of which were elected, two appointed by the mayor, and the remaining two appointed by the governor. Clyde Lyndon King, in his doctoral thesis writes "The plan gave the maximum of opportunity for [political] party groups and corporate control." The municipal board members appointed by the governor had complete financial control over the police, fire, and excise departments. Over half the expenditures of the city went through this board which gave the governor and his party much direct control over Denver. That the governor, elected by the entire state, had so much power over the workings of Denver was not lost on the citizens of the city.

One of the other key issues leading up to the Denver mayoral election of 1895 was Denver Tramway's monopoly over the public transportation in the city. In 1885 Denver Tramway had revised its charter so that it was no longer required to add extensions or provide better service, but while there was competition it still did so. In 1893 it merged with the only other public transportation firm in the city and came into a monopoly. Resentment began to grow as the city took actions which favorably impacted Denver Tramway but received no financial compensation in return.

In 1895, Thomas McMurray ran for mayor of Denver on a political platform of "divorcing the city's government from the city's public-service corporations." Previous to this election, Denver had always voted for straight Democrat or Republican tickets. McMurray was the first non-partisan mayor elected in Denver's history. Denver Tramway offered the city a token sum of $50,000 but McMurray vetoed this offering, wanting instead a small percentage of the company's yearly profits.

Another issue in the 1895 election involved the water utilities. Leading up to the election some of the local water utilities had gone bankrupt and a new public-service corporation was created, the Denver Union Water Company, which acquired the previous nine independent utilities. In the election the citizens of Denver were asked whether they wanted to stay with this new corporation or build a new municipal water utility. Denver Union Water promised to abide by all previous charters and a new city council was elected that was evenly divided between the two options. However, after the election Denver Union Water said that conflicting clauses in the different charters made it impractical to implement its previous rates and offered a solution that it said would ultimately reduce rates. A court injunction demanded that the water company fix its rates as laid out in its contract, but the company continued to use its own solution.

The issue of water bill rates was the single largest concern in the election of 1897. Many water users refused to pay their water bills and McMurray was re-elected "with the help of the Civic Federation and the vote of the women." More court injunctions were issued, ordinances were passed, and fines were assessed but Denver Union Water ignored all of them. In a case brought by McMurray before the District Court of Arapahoe County, the court sided with the water company and found that conflicting clauses were impractical to implement and allowed the water company to increase its rates. McMurray continued to pressure the company to lower its rates, but had no power to force it to do so.

In 1899 the public corporations were determined to defeat McMurray and campaigned against him. King notes, "In the [1899 mayoral] campaign certain members of the Democratic party, motivated and financed by the city's public service corporations, organized the 'big mitt,' the famous ballot-box stuffing brigade. By many it is charged and believed that McMurray's defeat was due solely to ballot-box stuffing." McMurray lost the election and his successor, Henry V. Johnson, who had agreed on the campaign trail about divorcing the city's government and corporations, accepted Denver Tramway's revised one-time payment of $72,000. With McMurray's defeat the public-service corporations did not see a significant challenge to their power for another decade.

References

Mayors of Denver
19th-century American politicians
1855 births
1918 deaths


title: Platt Rogers

text:
Platt Rogers (1850 – December 25, 1928) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1891 to 1893.

Life
He was born in 1850 in Newton, New Jersey, shortly thereafter moving along with his family to New York City. He later graduated from Columbia University in 1873, before moving west with his family, while passing through Greeley, Colorado he was so impressed with the town he decided he would remain in the state. He became a practicing attorney, specializing in Irrigation Law. In 1884 litigation arose regarding the High Line Canal and he was called to Denver to represent the English group who constructed it.

He served as a District Court Judge in Colorado's Second Judicial District (Denver) from 1882 to 1887.  From 1891 to 1893 he served as Mayor of Denver, during this time he became known as the Iron Handed Mayor, due to his strict enforcement of the law. Unfortunately his time in office became tarred by the disastrous redevelopment of the disused City Cemetery (now Cheesman Park). Problems arose when an unscrupulous undertaker, contracted by the City of Denver to remove the long buried corpses and relocate them to another more suitable site, was discovered to be stuffing adult corpses into child sized coffins and other nefarious activities. Due to much media pressure Mayor Rogers then canceled the contract and instigated an investigation into the work.

He continued to live in Denver until his death on 25 December 1928, when after years of ill health a severe cold developed into a fatal bout of pneumonia. He was survived by his wife and two daughters.

References

Mayors of Denver
1860 births
1928 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Colorado