title: Unlikely Warriors

text:
Unlikely Warriors: The British in the Spanish Civil War and the Struggle Against Fascism is a history book by Richard Baxell about British people who served in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. It was published by Aurum Press in 2012.

Overview

Baxell described the book as "the first to place the Spanish Civil War within the context of the volunteers' lives, rather than the other way round"; and seeks to deliver its narrative "from the perspective of the participants themselves using, wherever possible, their own words". Set against the context of the 1930s in Britain—marked by the Great Depression, the growth of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and the emergence of Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists—the book primarily deals with the International Brigades and their volunteers, but also covers those who were involved in other capacities, including George Orwell who fought with the POUM, British journalists who worked in Spain during the Civil War, and the small number of Britons who fought on the side of Francisco Franco. Baxell describes the May Days of 1937 in Barcelona and British participation in the Siege of Madrid and the Battles of Jarama, Brunete and the Ebro. He continues by describing the experiences of the British volunteers who departed Spain at the end of the war and those who were taken prisoner, and Civil War veterans' experiences of the Second World War. These included Tom Wintringham who helped to found the Home Guard and Bernard Knox, who joined the Office of Strategic Services.

The book begins with three chapters discussing the Brigadiers' responses to Depression-era Britain, campaigns against fascism in the UK, and the debates and varying responses to the Spanish Civil War in British society. The final three chapters and the epilogue look at events after Franco's victory, including the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the CPGB's withdrawal of support for the Second World War, which it deemed imperialist (a position it later reversed). The intervening seventeen chapters deal with the Civil War itself and cover, among other topics, Britons working in medical aid, foreign correspondents, the involvement of the Independent Labour Party, and the experience of those imprisoned in camps by Franco's Nationalists.

Critical reception

Writing in The Volunteer, a publication of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives, historian Peter Stansky described Unlikely Warriors as "a culminating and I believe definitive accomplishment." Stansky praised Baxell's treatment of "the endless paradox of war"—that war "could not be ... more dreadful yet for many though not all who participated and survived, it was the most important and rewarding experience of their lives"—and his unromanticised account, concluding "This is a colorful, heroic, tragic and deeply troubling tale ... Based on an extraordinary range of material, it is a splendid thing to have this full and satisfying account." Alan Lloyd of the Morning Star praised Baxell's "pre-eminent knowledge of the British volunteers" and use of their own words to tell the stories; and wrote "The book is beautifully written and it's a totally absorbing read". Historian Francis Beckett, writing in The Tablet praised Baxell's detachment as bringing "something new" to the historiography of the Civil War and described Unlikely Warriors as "Well researched and luminously written".

Unite the Union named Unlikely Warriors as one of two "books of the month" for June 2013 and published a review by the historian Lewis Mates. Mates identified Baxell's inclusion of a chapter on those who fought for the Nationalists and "the wealth of detail [he] provides of the individual experiences of British fighters" as strengths, and praised his collation of published and unpublished accounts, interviews, correspondence and archival sources. Mates also published a review in the academic journal Contemporary British History in which he also noted Baxell's attentiveness to the conflicts between the International Brigades and the anti-Stalinist POUM, who some Communists claimed were acting on behalf of the fascists. However, Mates also described the six chapters dealing with events before and after the war as "a little disappointing", and questioned Baxell's treatment of Irish volunteers in Spain, his engagement with historiographical debates including whether the events constituted a war or a revolution and the International Brigades' relationship with the Communist International, and methodological questions relating to Baxell's varied sources. Concluding, Mates noted "that Unlikely Warriors is tailored to appeal to a wider market than simply academics" and described the book as "a well researched, largely balanced, highly readable and accessible narrative".

Unlikely Warriors was shortlisted for the 2013 Political Book Awards political history book of the year.

References

External links
 Unlikely Warriors at Google Books

2012 non-fiction books
British non-fiction books
History books about the United Kingdom
History books about Spain
Spanish Civil War books
International Brigades
History books about the 20th century
21st-century history books
Aurum Press books


title: Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy

text:
Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy, the 35th American president, include films, songs, games, toys, stamps, coins, artwork, and other portrayals.

Film and television

Fictionalized
 PT 109 (1963)
 The Missiles of October (1974; docudrama, made-for-TV play)
 Young Joe, the Forgotten Kennedy (1977)
 Kennedy (1983 miniseries)
 Robert Kennedy and His Times (1985 miniseries)
 Prince Jack (1985)
 Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987)
 The Kennedys of Massachusetts (1990 miniseries)
 JFK (1991)
 A Woman Named Jackie (1991 miniseries)
 JFK: Reckless Youth (1993 miniseries)
 Red Dwarf (1997 series)
 The Rat Pack (1998 film)
 Thirteen Days (2000)
 Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (2000 miniseries)
 Clone High (2002-2003 animated series)
 Virtual JFK (2008 docudrama)
 The Kennedys (2011 miniseries)
 The Butler (2013)
 Killing Kennedy (2013 TV movie)
 LBJ (2016)
 Jackie (2016 film)
 The Crown (2017)
 Prey (2017 video game)
 "The Kennedy Curse" (2018, season 2, episode 5 of Timeless (Caspar Phillipson))
 Project Blue Book (2020 TV season)
 Blonde (2022)

Documentaries
 Primary (1960)
 Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment (1963)
 The Making of the President 1960 (1963; based on the book)
 John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums (1964)
 American Presidents: Life Portraits (1999 series)
 Roots of the Cuban Missile Crisis (2001)
 The Search for Kennedy's PT 109 (2002)
 Bobby Kennedy for President (2018 series)

Stylistic
 Forrest Gump (1994)
 Timequest (2002)
 Bubba Ho-Tep (2002)
 An American Affair (2008)
 X-Men: First Class (2011)

 Brett Stimely
 My First Love (1988)
 Watchmen (2009)
 Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)
 Parkland (2013)
 The Terror of Hallow's Eve (2017)

Depictions of the John F. Kennedy assassination

Stage production
 JFK: A Musical Drama (1997)
 JFK (2016), a three-act opera by David T. Little with an English-language libretto by Royce Vavrek. Based on the final night of Kennedy's life at the Hotel Texas in Fort Worth.

Music
Over 200 musical works have been released about JFK, most of which were released following his assassination. Among these are:
The First Family, a comedic impersonation album written and performed by Vaughn Meader (1962)
"PT-109", written by Marijohn Wilkin and Fred Burch, sung by Jimmy Dean (1962)
 "In the Summer of His Years", lyrics by Herb Kretzmer and music by David Lee, first sung by Millicent Martin (1963)
"Elegy for J.F.K." by Igor Stravinsky (1964)
"That Was the President", written and sung by Phil Ochs (1965)
"He Was a Friend of Mine", written by Jim McGuinn, sung by The Byrds (1965)
The Kennedy Dream, an album by Oliver Nelson (1967)
"Crucifixion", written and sung by Phil Ochs (1967)
"Abraham, Martin and John", written by Dick Holler, sung by Dion (1968)
”Murder Most Foul”, written by Bob Dylan, alludes to the events around Kennedy’s assassination throughout the song (2020)

Artwork

 Presidential portrait, painted by Aaron Shikler (1970)
 John F. Kennedy Memorial, 1965, London, bust by Jacques Lipchitz
 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial, 1965 bas-relief sculpture in Portland, Oregon, artist unknown
 John F. Kennedy Memorial, 1965 Brooklyn portrait bust (replacement dedicated in 2010) by Neil Estern
 J. F. Kennedy Memorial, 1968 original, 2013 recreation, mosaic by Kenneth Budd in Birmingham, England
 John F. Kennedy, 1988 Boston statue by Isabel McIlvain

Toys and games
PT-109 (model kit)
PT-109 edition John F. Kennedy "G.I. Joe" action figure
Battlestations: Midway, in which Kennedy appears, commanding Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109, in the single player campaign mission "Defense of the Philippines".
Call of Duty: Black Ops, in which Kennedy appears as a non-playable character in the single player campaign mission "U.S.D.D." as well as a playable character in the "Zombies" game mode on the map "Five".

Governmental images

 Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps § John F. Kennedy
 Five cents John Kennedy, 1964 stamp
 Kennedy half dollar, official U.S. half dollar from 1964 to the present

See also
 Cultural depictions of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
 List of memorials to John F. Kennedy

References


title: Bianca Milesi

text:
Bianca Milesi Mojon (May 22, 1790 – June 8, 1849)  was an Italian patriot, writer and painter. She also trained girls to become interested in the arts.

Biography
Bianca Milesi was born into a family of wealthy merchants in Milan, daughter of Giovan Battista Milesi and Elena Viscontini. She had four sisters, Antoinette, Francesca, Agostina, Louise, and a brother, Charles, who would join in marriage with his cousin Elena Viscontini, sister of Matilda. She was brought up from six to ten years in a convent in Florence, in Milan in the monasteries of St. Sophia and the Holy Spirit, and finally with a governess. A journey made together with her mother in Tuscany and Switzerland gave her the opportunity to broaden her horizons and study the philosophy of the Enlightenment.

Even after returning to Milan, she continued to travel, periodically visiting Florence and Rome. In Florence he met the Countess of Albany Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, who had been the mistress of Vittorio Alfieri. In Rome she came into relationship with Antonio Canova and the German painter Sophie Reinhard.

She had a leading role in the Carbonari uprisings in Milan in 1821. She later went on to become a drawer and painter, and taught at schools, particularly training girls to become interested in the arts. She died in Paris on June 8, 1849.

Sources
 Souvestre Émile Blanche Milesi-Mojon. Biographical Angers, Cosnier and Lachèse 1854
 Carlo Cattaneo, Bianca Milesi Mojon, in published and unpublished works: literary works, Florence, Le Monnier, 1925, p. 474-492
 Maria Teresa Mori, Salotti. 2003. The Sociability of the Elite in Italy in the Nineteenth Century. Rome, Carocci
 Arianna Arisi Rota, Milesi, Bianca, in Biographical Dictionary of Italian, vol. 74, Rome, Italian Encyclopedia Institute, 2010
 Boneschi, Marta. 2010. La donna segreta: storia di Metilde Viscontini Dembowski. Venezia: Marsilio.

1790 births
1849 deaths
Painters from Milan

19th-century Italian painters
Italian women writers
Italian writers
19th-century Italian women artists
19th-century Italian women writers
Writers from Milan


title: 2014 Copa Metropolitana

text:
The 2014 Copa Metropolitana (also known as the 2014 Copa Nestor Ludwig in this edition, in posthumous tribute) was the 2nd season of the Copa Metropolitana, a domestic cup in Rio Grande do Sul football, which is a knockout cup competition. The tournament began on 2 August and ended on 16 November with the final second leg.

In this year, seven clubs of the metropolitan region of the state decided to participate in the Copa Metropolitana, which varies in number of participants according to the interest of clubs in the first, second and third divisions of the Campeonato Gaúcho. This time, one of the two greatest clubs in the state, the Grêmio, will compete in the Copa Sul-Fronteira, to not let unequal with two big clubs in the same competition.

Novo Hamburgo enters in the 2014 Copa Metropolitana defending his title won in 2013, being the first champion in history.

Format
In the first stage, all teams face off in round-robin, which will qualify the top four for the next phase, known as the semi-finals. At this stage, the first placed facing the fourth place and second place playing against the third placed in two matches each. The winners face off in the final two matches to define the winner of the competition.

The 2014 Copa Metropolitana winners qualify for the 2014 Super Copa Gaúcha, where it will have the opportunity to qualify for 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The winner of the Super Copa Gaúcha also dispute the 2015 Recopa Gaúcha, against the winner of 2014 Campeonato Gaúcho at the beginning of next season.

Clubs
This year, the FGF decided to change one of the two big clubs of the state to another region, the Grêmio was randomly chosen. Thus, it was moved to compete Copa Sul-Fronteira. Theoretically this makes less unequal competition. The following 7 clubs compete in the Copa Metropolitana during the 2014 edition.

First round

Standings

Matches

Records and statistics

Goalscorers
This is the complete list of goalscorers in the competition.

References

External links
FGF website. Federação Gaúcha de Futebol.

Football competitions in Rio Grande do Sul
State football cup competitions in Brazil
2014 domestic association football cups


title: Ceru di Cueba Formation

text:
The Ceru di Cueba Formation is a geologic formation in Curaçao. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bartonian period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Curaçao

References

Further reading
 P. Jung. 1974. Eocene Mollusks from Curaçao, West Indies. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 84(1):483-500

Geologic formations of the Caribbean
Geology of Curaçao
Paleogene Caribbean
Limestone formations
Shale formations
Shallow marine deposits


title: Ceru Mainsjie Formation

text:
The Ceru Mainsjie Formation is a geologic formation in Curaçao. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bartonian period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Curaçao

References

Further reading
 P. Jung. 1974. Eocene Mollusks from Curaçao, West Indies. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 84(1):483-500

Geologic formations of the Caribbean
Geology of Curaçao
Paleogene Caribbean
Shale formations
Sandstone formations
Shallow marine deposits


title: Hato Formation

text:
The Hato Formation is a geologic formation dating to the Late Pleistocene in Curaçao. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Curaçao

References

Further reading
 J. M. Pandolfi. 2001. Community structure of Pleistocene coral reefs of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. Ecological Monographs 71(1):49-67
 J. M. Pandolfi, G. Llewellyn, and J. B. C. Jackson. 1999. Pleistocene reef environments, constituent grains, and coral community structure: Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. Coral Reefs 18:107-122

Geologic formations of the Caribbean
Geology of Curaçao
Paleontology in Curaçao
Pleistocene Caribbean
Limestone formations
Reef deposits


title: Jill Kennington

text:
Jill Kennington (born 2 January 1943) is a British fashion model and photographer. She is best known for her appearance in Michelangelo Antonioni's 1966 film Blow-Up.

Early life
Jill Kennington was born in the village of Riby, Lincolnshire on 2 January 1943. She grew up on a farm there, with two sisters and a brother. She was educated at a boarding school in the Lake District, and a finishing school in Sussex.

Career
At the age of 18, Kennington started at Michael Whittaker's small "school" for aspiring models and after only two days, met Norman Hartnell who was about to do a major UK tour; he declared, "Darling, you are going to be my mascot". She toured as one of Hartnell's models for about a month's time.

Kennington met photographer John Cowan in February 1962 and it was through her work with Cowan that she made her name as a model in the 1960s. Cowan injected action and dynamism into his shoots that had previously been lacking in fashion photography. Work from that period is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, while work with other photographers, including Norman Parkinson and Lord Lichfield is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery. She was twice on the front cover of Vogue. Kennington has also worked with the photographers David Bailey, Terence Donovan, Brian Duffy, Helmut Newton, Jeanloup Sieff, Richard Avedon, William Klein, and Bob Richardson.

Kennington discussed her transition from model to photographer in an interview with Vogue in 2013. She continues to work as a model and is represented by TESS Management.

Personal life
Kennington's second husband is Richard Courtauld, with whom she has two children.

References

External links

Jill Kennington by Traeger: Vogue UK, August 1965.

English female models
1943 births
Living people
Photographers from Lincolnshire
People from West Lindsey District


title: City Hospital

text:
City Hospital may refer to:

 City Hospital, Aberdeen, Scotland
 City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, England
 City Hospital (Roosevelt Island, New York)
 Saskatoon City Hospital
 City Hospital (Martinsburg)
 City Hospital (Hisar), Hisar, India
 City Hospital (Jabalpur), Jabalpur, India
 City Hospital (Kochi), Kochi, India
 City Hospital (Shimoga), Shimoga, India
 City Hospital Gujranwala, Gujranwala, Pakistan
 City Hospital (Gujrat), Gujrat, Pakistan

Television
 City Hospital (UK TV series)
 City Hospital (U.S. TV series)


title: Bastion Formation

text:
The Bastion Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

External links
 Mollusc fauna of the Early Cambrian Bastion Formation

Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Richard Feld

text:
Richard Feld (also Atfeld; died 1401) was a Canon of Windsor from 1390 to 1401.

Career

He was appointed:
King's Almoner
Rector of St Michael, Cornhill 1371 - 1393
Rector of Bishop's Clyve, Worcester

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1390 and held the canonry until 1401.

Notes

1401 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Year of birth unknown


title: Aftenstjernesø Formation

text:
The Aftenstjernesø Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Henson Gletscher Formation

text:
The Henson Gletscher Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It is named after the Henson Glacier (Greenland).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Paralleldal Formation

text:
The Paralleldal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Buen Formation

text:
The Buen Formation is a geologic formation and Lagerstätte in Peary Land, North Greenland. The shale preserves fossils dating back to the Early Cambrian period (Atdabanian in the local timescale, about 520 to 513 Ma).

Description

The oldest Cambrian series of the area was deposited in the Franklinian Basin and is poorly exposed in fragmentary, heavily metamorphosed outcrops in Peary Land. It was emplaced during the Ellesmerian orogeny.

Paleogeography

During the Cambrian, Greenland was located in the southern tropical to temperate region. The Buen Formation forms part of the southern shelf succession of the Franklinian Basin of North Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Islands. The formation, approximately  thick, consists of a lower, sand−dominated, member overlain by an upper member dominated by dark grey−green mudstones and siltstones in its type area in southern Peary Land. It thickens to around  in northern Peary Land where it comprises a mud−rich transitional succession into deep water trough deposits of the Polkorridoren Group. Dark grey to black mudstones form part of this transitional succession from the shelf to the slope. To the south they lie in faulted contact with pale dolomites of the underlying Portfjeld Formation, and to the north with bioturbated mudstones and sandstones of the Buen Formation.

Fossil content
The following fossils have been reported from the formation:

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland
 Sirius Passet

References

Bibliography

   Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Further reading
 A. C. Daley and J. S. Peel. 2010. A Possible Anomalocaridid from the Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 84(2):352-355
 C. B. Skovsted and J. S. Peel. 2011. Hyolithellus in life position from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 85(1):37-47
 G. E. Budd and J. S. Peel. 1998. A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41(6):1201-1213
 J. K. Rigby. 1986. Cambrian and Silurian sponges from North Greenland. Rapport Groenlands Geologiske Undersoegelse 132:51-63
 M. Williams, D. J. Siveter, and J. S. Peel. 1996. Isoxys (arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstaette, North Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 70(6):947-954
 S. Conway Morris and J. S. Peel. 1990. Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland. Nature 345(28):802-805

Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian System of North America
Cambrian System of Europe
Cambrian Greenland
Mudstone formations
Sandstone formations
Shale formations
Open marine deposits
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe
Paleontology in Greenland
Peary Land


title: Ella Island Formation

text:
The Ella Island Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland
 Buen Formation

References

Further reading
 M. Stein and J. S. Peel. 2008. Perissopyge (Trilobita) from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of North America and Greenland. GFF 130:71-78
 C. B. Skovsted. 2006. Small shelly fauna from the upper Lower Cambrian Bastion and Ella Island Formations, North-East Greenland. Journal of Paleontology 80(6):1087-1112
 C. B. Skovsted and L.E. Holmer. 2005. Early Cambrian brachiopods from north-east Greenland. Palaeontology 48(2):325-345
 C. Skovsted. 2003. Mobergellans (Problematica) from the Cambrian of Greenland, Siberia and Kazakhstan. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 77(2):429-443

Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian Greenland
Limestone formations
Shallow marine deposits
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Paleontology in Greenland


title: Kap Stanton Formation

text:
The Kap Stanton Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Holm Dal Formation

text:
The Holm Dal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Wyckoff Bjerg Formation

text:
The Wyckoff Bjerg Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

External links

Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian Greenland
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Foldedal Formation

text:
The Foldedal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Carboniferous Greenland


title: Catacombs of San Sebastiano

text:
The Catacombs of San Sebastiano are a hypogeum cemetery in Rome, Italy, rising along Via Appia Antica, in the Ardeatino Quarter.
It is one of the very few Christian burial places that has always been accessible. The first of the former four floors is now almost completely destroyed.

The toponym
In ancient times the catacombs were simply known with the name in catacumbas, a Greek term composed by two words, katà and kymbe, literally meaning "close to the cavity". Actually, along the Appian Way, close to the cemetery, an evident dip in the ground is visible even now. Moreover, before its employment as a burial ground, the area was occupied by pozzolan mines, now placed about ten meters above the floor of the Basilica of San Sebastiano fuori le mura: these mines gave rise to a pagan cemetery, then used by Christians. The word catacumbas, through a process of extension and assimilation, was gradually used to identify all the hypogeum burial sites, thus simply called catacombs.

The underground graveyard, called di San Sebastiano since the Early Middle Ages, was known since the 3rd century as in memoria apostolorum, a toponym referred to the presence within the catacomb, for some time, of the relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul. In effect, the Depositio Martyrum (half of the 4th century), at the date of 29 June, talks about the recurrence of Peter in catacumbas and Paul on Via Ostiensis. The Martyrologium Hieronymianum (5th century), at the same date, cites the recurrence of Peter in the Vatican, Paul on Via Ostiensis and utrumque in catacumbas, Tusco et Basso consulibus (during the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus, that is in 258).

The martyrs of the cemetery
Ancient sources attest the presence of three martyrs within the cemetery on the Appian Way: Sebastian, Quirinus and Eutychius. The names of the martyrs are mentioned in a 7th-century catalogue, called Notula oleorum, while the Early Middle Ages itineraries for pilgrims do not cite Eutychius, because its sepulchre was hard to reach.

As regards Sebastian, the Depositio Martyrum remembers his death and his entombment in catacumbas on 20 January. Little is known about him: Saint Ambrose (end of the 4th century) tells that he was born in Milan and that suffered martyrdom in Rome during the Diocletianic Persecution; the 5th-century Passio refers that he was a soldier from Narbonne, in Gaul, born of a family from Milan and died in Rome under Diocletian. His relics stood in the catacomb until the 9th century, then they were moved within the town walls and now are kept on the Appian Way again, in the Chapel of Saint Sebastian in the basilica above the cemetery.

Quirinus was a bishop of Sescia, in Pannonia, whose relics were moved to Rome by pilgrims from that region between the 4th and the 5th centuries.

Nothing is known about Eutychius but his grave, discovered during excavations carried out in the 20th century in a crumbly area of the catacombs; a poem dedicated to him, by Pope Damasus I, is now displayed at the entry of the basilica.

History
Thanks to the excavations carried out at the end of 19th and during the 20th century, it was possible to recreate the topographic and architectural history of the area - consisting of three levels of galleries - in which the catacombs lie.

The area used to be a pozzolan mine; it was abandoned at the end of the 2nd century and then used by Romans as a place for pagan burial: simple graves for slaves and freedmen have been discovered, as well as monumental tombs, particularly in the so-called piazzola ("little square"), a circular compartment that had been an opencast mine, in which walls three mausoleums were dug. The presence, in these mausoleums and particularly in the so-called Mausoleum of Innocentiores, of typically Christian iconographies, such as the anchor and the fish, suggests that the mausoleums were used, at a later stage, also for the sepulture of Christians. Besides the piazzola, the dig of the cemetery galleries was started in this period.

Around the half of the 3rd century the whole piazzola was filled in, so as to create an embankment at an upper level. Three monuments have been brought to light on this shelf: the so-called triclia, a covered porticoed hall used for burial banquets, whose walls display more than 600 graffiti with invocations to the Apostles Peter and Paul; a marble-upholstered aedicule that, according to archaeologists, was the place where the relics of the two Apostles were kept during the period when they were moved in catacumbas; and a covered room with a well to draw water. The transfer of the relics of the Apostles to San Sebastiano in the mid-3rd century and their relocation in the former places at the beginning of the 4th century is still a debated issue among researchers and archaeologists.

Finally, in the first half of the 4th century also these spaces were buried, in order to build the embankment on which the Constantinian basilica was erected.

Description
Within the right nave of the former basilica - rebuilt in 1933 above ancient remains - is it possible to see on the left the arches connecting with the middle nave of the present church, walled up in the 13th century, and the exterior of the apse of the Chapel of Relics. Here are gathered some sarcophagi, both entire and fragmentary (mostly dating from the 4th century), discovered during the excavations.

A ladder leads to the tunnels, with several cubicles; here, the paintings of Jonah's cubicle, dating back to the end of the 4th century and depicting four scenes of the life of the prophet, are quite outstanding. The restored Crypt of Saint Sebastian houses an altar shelf replacing the former one (of which some traces of the base still remain) and the bust of Saint Sebastian attributed to Bernini. Soon after there is the lay-by, under which lies a sandstone cavity that perhaps gave rise to the name "ad catacumbas", given to this cemetery and then extended to the other ones.

In the lay-by rise three mausolea dating back to the second half of the 2nd century, later re-used.
 The first one on the right is externally decorated with paintings (funeral banquets and the exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac) and still bears an inscription with the name of the owner, Marcus Clodius Hermes; the interior houses graves and pictures and shows a vault decorated with the head of a gorgon.
 The second one, called Mausoleum of Innocentiores referring to the funeral college to which it belonged, has a vault decorated with refined stuccoes; some recesses show inscriptions with Greek characters but written in Latin, as well as a graffito with the initials of the Greek words meaning "Jesus Christ Son of God Savior" (Ichtys).
 On the left there is the Mausoleum of the Adze, from the tool depicted on the exterior, whose decoration consists of shoots of vine sprouting from kantharoi placed on false pillars.

References

Bibliography
 De Santis L. - Biamonte G., Le catacombe di Roma, Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 1997
 Ferrua A., La basilica e la catacomba di S. Sebastiano, Vatican City 1990
 Guarducci M., Pietro e Paolo sulla via Appia e la tomba di Pietro in Vaticano, Vatican City 1983
 Mancini G., Scavi sotto la basilica di S. Sebastiano sull'Appia, in Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità, Rome 1923, pp. 3–79

External links

2nd-century establishments in the Roman Empire
Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century
Sebastiano
Rome Q. XX Ardeatino
Ancient Roman tombs and cemeteries in Rome
Saint Sebastian


title: List of Zenit launches

text:
This is a list of launches made by the Zenit rocket. All launches were conducted from either Site 45 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome or from Sea Launch's Ocean Odyssey offshore launch platform.

Launch statistics
Rockets from the Zenit family have accumulated 84 launches since 1985, 71 of which were successful, yielding a  success rate.

Rocket configuration

Launch sites

Launch outcomes

Launch history

References

Zenit


title: Kap Jungersen Formation

text:
The Kap Jungersen Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Carboniferous Greenland


title: Diving at the 2014 South American Games

text:
Diving at the 2014 South American Games was held in Santiago, Chile from March 15 to 16, 2014. Three competitions were held, two for men and one for women. All competition took place at the Aquatic Center National Stadium.

Medalists

Men

Women

Medal table

Participating nations
A total of 28 athletes from 5 nations competed in diving at the 2014 South American Games:

 (6)
 (5)
 (6)
 (6)
 (5)

References

External links
Diving results – 2014 South American Games

D
South American Games
2014


title: 1962 Egypt Cup final

text:
1962 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of the 1961–62 Egypt Cup, was between Zamalek and Al Ittihad Alexandria, Zamalek won the match 5–1.

Route to the final

Match details

References

External links
 http://www.angelfire.com/ak/EgyptianSports/ZamalekInEgyptCup.html#1962

1962
EC 1962
EC 1962


title: Alexander Lee (priest)

text:
Alexander Lee (also Leigh) (d. ca. 1503) was a Canon of Windsor from 1469 to 1480.

Career
He was King's Scholar at Eton College, then educated at King's College, Cambridge where he graduated BA, MA and LLD.

He was for some years the King's resident ambassador in Scotland.

He was appointed:
Rector of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire 1468 - 1473
Almoner to King Edward IV
Prebendary of York 1471 - 1501
Rector of St Bride's Church 1471 - 1485
Prebendary of Barneby, Howden, 1478
Prebendary of Ripon 1481 - 1491
Rector of Spofforth 1481 - 1499
Temporal Chancellor of Durham Cathedral 1490
Rector of Houghton-le-Spring 1490 - 1500

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1469 and held the canonry until 1480.

Notes

1503 deaths
Canons of Windsor
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Year of birth missing


title: Atane Formation

text:
The Atane Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossil insects of Elytrulum multipunctatum, dating back to the Albian to Coniacian stages of the Cretaceous period.

Description
The carbonaceous mudstones, sandstones and coal seams are interpreted as freshwater lake or swamp deposits representing the vertical aggradation of a subaerial to shallow, limnic floodplain to upper delta plain. There are no indications –neither palynological evidence nor the presence of pyrite– to suggest marine or brackish-water conditions.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of Greenland
Cretaceous System of North America
Cretaceous Greenland
Albian Stage
Cenomanian Stage
Coniacian Stage
Turonian Stage
Mudstone formations
Sandstone formations
Coal formations
Fluvial deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Paludal deposits
Paleontology in Greenland


title: Piotr Petasz

text:
Piotr Petasz (born 27 June 1984) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a defender.

Honours
Zawisza Bydgoszcz
 I liga: 2012–13
 Polish Cup: 2013–14
 Polish Super Cup: 2014

External links

1984 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Footballers from Warsaw
Men's association football defenders
Ruch Chorzów players
ŁKS 1926 Łomża players
Jagiellonia Białystok players
Piast Gliwice players
Pogoń Szczecin players
Wisła Płock players
Zawisza Bydgoszcz players
GKS Katowice players
Polonia Warsaw players
KTS Weszło players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
II liga players
III liga players
IV liga players


title: Hesteelv Formation

text:
The Hesteelv Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Kangilia Formation

text:
The Kangilia Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Kome Formation

text:
The Kome Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Kuhnpasset Formation

text:
The Kuhnpasset Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Palnatokes Bjerg Formation

text:
The Palnatokes Bjerg Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Pautut Formation

text:
The Pautut Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Hartz Fjeld Formation

text:
The Hartz Fjeld Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Ladegardsaen Formation

text:
The Ladegardsaen Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Lindemans Bugt Formation

text:
The Lindemans Bugt Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Raukelv Formation

text:
The Raukelv Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Cretaceous Greenland


title: Municipality of Žalec

text:
The Municipality of Žalec (; ) is a municipality in Slovenia in the traditional region of Styria. The seat of the municipality is the town of Žalec. The municipality was established in its current form on 7 August 1998, when the former larger municipality of Žalec was divided into six smaller municipalities.

Settlements

In addition to the municipal seat of Žalec, the municipality also includes the following settlements:

 Arja Vas
 Brnica
 Dobriša Vas
 Drešinja Vas
 Galicija
 Gotovlje
 Grče
 Griže
 Hramše
 Kale
 Kasaze
 Levec
 Liboje
 Ložnica pri Žalcu
 Mala Pirešica
 Migojnice
 Novo Celje
 Pernovo
 Petrovče
 Podkraj
 Podlog v Savinjski Dolini
 Podvin
 Pongrac
 Ponikva pri Žalcu
 Ruše
 Šempeter v Savinjski Dolini
 Spodnje Grušovlje
 Spodnje Roje
 Studence
 Velika Pirešica
 Vrbje
 Zabukovica
 Zalog pri Šempetru
 Zaloška Gorica
 Zavrh pri Galiciji
 Železno
 Zgornje Grušovlje
 Zgornje Roje

References

External links

 Municipality of Žalec on Geopedia
 Municipality of Žalec website

1998 establishments in Slovenia
Zalec


title: Celsius Bjerg Formation

text:
The Celsius Bjerg Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Devonian Greenland


title: Obrutschew Bjerg Formation

text:
The Obrutschew Bjerg Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Devonian Greenland
Devonian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Bernbjerg Formation

text:
The Bernbjerg Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Jurassic Greenland


title: Henry Hanslap

text:
Harry Hanslap (also Hanslope) (d. 1452) was a Canon of Windsor from 1437 to 1452.

Career

He was appointed:
Prebendary of Darlington 1440
Prebendary of Skipworth in Howden
Prebendary of Stow Longa in Lincoln 1448 – 1452
Rector of Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire until 1452

He was appointed to the eleventh stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1437 and held the canonry until 1452.

On the death of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor in 1437 his sword of 1416 was given to him by the Dean, and Hanslap gave this to the Mayor of York. It is now York's great sword of state and currently displayed in the Mansion House, York.

Notes

1452 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Year of birth unknown


title: Charkot Bugt Formation

text:
The Charkot Bugt Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Jurassic Greenland


title: Kap Leslie Formation

text:
The Kap Leslie Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Jurassic Greenland


title: Vardekloft Formation

text:
The Vardekloft Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

External links

Geologic formations of Greenland
Jurassic Greenland


title: Judo at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 66 kg

text:
The men's 66 kg Judo competitions at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland was held on 24 July at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre. Judo returned to the program, after last being competed back in 2002.

Results

Finals

Repechages

Top half

Bottom half

References

M66
2014


title: Kap Brewster Formation

text:
The Kap Brewster Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Neogene Greenland


title: Kap Kobenhavn Formation

text:
The Kap Kobenhavn Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

Analysis of environmental DNA in samples from a 2006 expedition to the formation have shown the DNA is two million years old. The DNA contains evidence of mastodons, geese, poplar and birch tree. The presence of the mastodon DNA shows the mastodon range was considerably more north than previously known.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Neogene Greenland


title: Natalie Nakase

text:
Natalie Mitsue Nakase (born April 18, 1980) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach with the Las Vegas Aces of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). After retiring as a player, she was a head coach for both men's and women's professional teams. She was later an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Clippers in the National Basketball Association (NBA)

Nakase grew up in Orange County, California, where she was honored as the county's high school player of the year. She played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins, receiving honorable mention as an all-conference player in the Pacific-10.  A third-generation Japanese-American, she became the first Asian American to play in the National Women's Basketball League (NWBL). She also played in Germany before suffering a knee injury and retiring as a player. Nakase went into coaching, and served as a head coach of a women's team in Germany before becoming the first female head coach in Japan's top pro men's league. Nakase returned to the United States, joining the Clippers of the NBA as a video intern in 2012. She became an assistant coach to their NBA G League development team, Agua Caliente, in 2017. She became an NBA assistant for the Clippers in 2018, and joined the WNBA's Aces in 2022, when she became the first Asian American coach to win an WNBA title.

Early life
Nakase was born in Anaheim, California, the youngest of three daughters to Gary and Debra Nakase. Her parents are both second-generation Japanese-Americans.

Nakase grew up in Huntington Beach, California, where she attended Marina High School and was a four-year lettererman playing basketball. She led the school to two Sunset League titles.  In 1998, the team won their first California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Southern Section title. Nakase averaged 13.9 points and 8.6 assists that season, when she was named the 1998 Orange County Player of the Year by both the Los Angeles Times and the Orange County Register. She finished her career as the Sunset League leader in career assists, and set school records for career assists, steals and three-point field goals made.

College career
Standing at , Nakase was not heavily recruited by college basketball programs. She turned down a full scholarship from the University of California, Irvine to attend her dream school, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where she was a walk-on for the UCLA Bruins basketball team. Nakase redshirted as a freshman after injuring her left knee in an August summer league game, which required reconstructive surgery to repair her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). She recovered to become a three-year starter at point guard for UCLA, averaging 4.9 points and 3.7 assists per game in her career. In 2002, she earned honorable mention as an all-conference player in the Pacific-10 after averaging a career-high 7.9 points and 5.1 assists per game.

Professional career
Nakase played in the NWBL for two seasons, playing with the San Jose Spiders in 2005 and the San Diego Siege in 2006. She was the league's first Asian-American player. In 2007, she tried out with the Phoenix Mercury of the WNBA, but was waived. She coached an Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) team, and went to Germany to play one season with Herner in 2007–08, when she again tore knee ligaments.

Opting to retire as a player rather than undergoing surgery again, Nakase coached for the Wolfenbüttel Wildcats in the Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga for the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons. She next went to Japan in hopes of playing, but learned that the Japanese women's league doesn't allow foreign players. A friend of Nakase's, Darin Maki, was playing with the Tokyo Apache, and arranged with his coach, former NBA coach Bob Hill, to allow Nakase to observe practice before the 2010–11 season began. She then prepared a scouting report for the team's next opponent, which led to a volunteer assistant coaching position under Hill. After the Apache folded at the end of the season, Saitama Broncos head coach Dean Murray hired Nakase as an assistant at the urging of Hill. She took over the struggling team midseason after Murray stepped down, and became the first female head coach in the bj league, Japan's top professional men's league. However, her father persuaded her to not return to Japan in order to pursue her dream of becoming a coach in the NBA.

In September 2012, Nakase began a yearlong internship in the NBA with the Los Angeles Clippers, working under the team's video coordinator. She became the team's assistant video coordinator. She was one of 15 women of Asian or Pacific Islander heritage honored at the White House in 2013 as their Champions of Change. During the two-week 2014 NBA Summer League in Las Vegas, Nakase was an assistant coach for the Clippers, becoming the first woman to sit on the bench as an NBA assistant.

In 2017–18, Nakase was an assistant coach for the Clippers' NBA G League affiliate, Agua Caliente Clippers, under head coach Casey Hill—the son of her mentor, Bob Hill. In 2018–19, she was promoted to be a player development assistant coach for the L.A. Clippers, becoming one of the few female coaches in the NBA. In 2020–21, Tyronn Lue replaced the departed Doc Rivers as the Los Angeles coach, and Nakase became an assistant again for Agua Caliente under their new coach, Paul Hewitt. In 2022, she was a finalist for the head coach position of the WNBA's Phoenix Mercury.

On February 25, 2022, Nasake joined the WNBA as an assistant to the Las Vegas Aces's new head coach, Becky Hammon. She and Hammon, who was a long-time San Antonio Spurs assistant coach, had been the NBA's two longest-tenured women coaches. On September 20, 2022, Nakase became the first Asian American coach to win an WNBA title.

Head coaching record

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Saitama Broncos
| style="text-align:left;"|2011-12
| 41||12||29|||| style="text-align:center;"|10th in Eastern|||-||-||-||
| style="text-align:center;"|-
|-

See also
 List of coaches of Asian heritage in sports leagues in the United States and Canada
 List of female NBA coaches

Notes

References

External links
UCLA bio at UCLABruins.com

1980 births
Living people
Agua Caliente Clippers coaches
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American men's basketball coaches
American sportspeople of Japanese descent
American women's basketball coaches
American women's basketball players
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball players from Anaheim, California
Los Angeles Clippers personnel
Point guards
Saitama Broncos coaches
Sportspeople from Huntington Beach, California
Basketball players from Orange County, California
UCLA Bruins women's basketball players


title: 17th Armored Engineer Battalion

text:
The 17th Armored Engineer Battalion was a part of the 2nd Armored Division "Hell on Wheels". During World War II, they were active in North African Campaign, and Western Europe Campaign. 17th Armored Engineer Battalion was founded on 1 October 1933 as part of the US Army. First called 17th Engineer Battalion (Heavy Ponton), Motorized. It was renamed on 10 July 1940 to 17th Engineer Battalion (Armored) and assigned to the 2nd Armored Division. The unit became active and started training 15 July 1940 at Fort Benning, Georgia. Renamed again on 8 January 1942 as the 17th Armored Engineer Battalion. The Battalion is now based at Fort Hood, Texas. The battalion's motto was We pave the way. Tasks of the 17 included construction and demolition under combat conditions, constructing and breaching trenches, tank traps and other fortifications, bunker construction, bridge and road construction, and building destruction bridges and other physical work in the battlefield whenever needed. They also laid and cleared land mines. The 17th facilitated the movement and support of friendly forces while slowing down the enemy's forces.

World War II training

Training started at Fort Benning, in Columbus, Georgia.

After organizing the new battalion, training in engineering skills started. The battalion average age of the enlisted men was 22 years. Then men had two and a half months of basic training behind. Training included: M1 carbine Rifle marksmanship, mines, minefields, Demining fixed dry gullies bridge construct, floating Pontoon bridge construct, road repair-making, Military engineering vehicles-DUKW use, and other field combat problems. Training include Live fire exercise and live mine exercises, to make the men battle ready. Colonel George S. Patton was in charge of training the new 2nd Armored division.

World War II

17th Armored Engineer Battalion moved with the 2nd Armored Division to North Africa, Sicily, England, France, Belgium and Germany, under the command of the First Army.

North Africa

As part of the North African Campaign, and Operation Torch the 17th took part in landing French North Africa's Algeria and Morocco. The major task in North Africa was landing clear and mine removal.  17th landing were early morning on 8 November 1942. In Morocco the landing was in Safi as part of Operation Blackstone.

Sicily

As part of Operation Husky order of battle in the Sicily Campaign, the 17th Armored Engineer Battalion with the 2nd Armor Division landed in Gela, Sicily in south-central Sicily, on 11 July 1943. Before the landing the 17th used M4 Sherman tanks with Scorpion Mine flail exploder to clear the way. The operation captured Butera and participated in the Battle of Mazzarino, then moving on to Palermo. After Sicily the 17th moved to England to train and prepare for D-Day.

Normandy

On 9 June 1944, D-day plus 3, along with other battalions, the 17th battalion landed on Utah Beach in Normandy as a part of the Normandy landings and Operation Overlord. They cleared lanes for landing craft by destroying the mine-bearing steel structures that the Germans had implanted in the intertidal zone. They bulldozed roads up the narrow draws through the cliffs lining the beaches. 17th Armored Engineer Battalion were issued new camouflage uniforms for D-Day. These uniforms are the same one used by US Marine Corps in the Pacific. To clear barricades, mine fields, fill in caters and break through thick hedgerows the 17th used M4 Sherman Tanks mounting with M1 bulldozer. Also used was Caterpillar D7 with armor plates added to the engine and cab. The tank bulldozer broke through the hedgerows in France. Germans learned to wait until the tanks cross with infantry following on foot then fire on both. To counter, forces started with their main guns loaded with canister and pointed to the rear and to the flanks. As the tanks crossed they fired parallel to the hedges, inflicting enemy casualties, this became known as "Roosevelt's Butchers,".
From Omaha Beach the battalion pushed through the Cherbourg peninsula and built bridge across the Seine river in France.

Albert Canal bridge

As part of aftermath of the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael, the 17th and 82nd Armored Engineer Battalion work build a Bailey bridge across the Albert Canal at the village of Kanne. The first try failed as the bridge fell into the canal. On 15 September 1944 with the help of a boat for support the bridge was completed. Albert canal functioned as a defense line for the retreating enemy.

Geleenbeek stream

On 18 September 1944 the 17th built a bridge across the Geleenbeek stream near Kathagermolen as all the bridges across the stream around Schinnen had been destroyed by the retreating German army. During the construction, the engineers were fired on by enemy machine gun emplacements in the treeline on the far bank. The gunfire missed the engineers and a US tank responded, firing several high-explosive rounds into the trees and silencing the enemy guns. Two 60 feet beam bridges were completed: one at Kathagermolen and one at Schinnen. The 17th saw frequent action fighting in Alsace. On 26 November 1944 at Ciney, Belgium, as part of the Ardennes Offensive, Gen. Collier was ordered by Gen. Harmon to hold Ciney with the combined forces of the 2nd Armored Battalion, the 41st Armored Infantry, the 2nd Bn. 66th Armor, a platoon from "A" Company of the 17th Engineers, and another platoon from "A" Company of the 702d Tank Destroyer Bn. The 17th Armored Engineers was ordered to secure Merzenhausen and Barmen to cut off communication lines to the Roer as part of Operation Queen. In Lonlay-l'Abbaye the 17th blew up a bridge in center of town before moving on to blow up an enemy ammunition dump.

Battle of the Bulge
During the Battle of the Bulge, quick thinking and action of the engineers destroyed key bridges in the path of advancing German forces, slowing and diverting them while Allied forces regrouped. Battle of the Bulge was fought in the bitter cold from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945.

Seine River

17th Armored Engineers with 82nd Engineer Combat Regiment built a floating bridge over the Seine River at Meulan France on 30 August 1944. The bridge was started at 8am, opened at 6pm, it was 720 ft. in length.  17th bridge company did not have enough saddles to put on top of the floating pontoons, so a short trestle bridge was built near the far part of the bridge. Approaches to the bridge were made of sommerfeld mat over chespaling mat, with three inches of gravel.

Rhine crossing
Night of 23 March 1945, as part of the Western Allied invasion of Germany and Operation Plunder, Company E and C of the 17th Armored Engineer Battalion, constructed two treadway rafts to prepare of the crossing of the Rhine River about five kilometers south of Wesel. Bridge construction started at 9:45 am and by 4:00 pm the first truck crossed the floating bridge. Over 1152 feet of M2 treadway and 93 pneumatic floats were used in just six hours and fifteen minute construction project, record setting for the size of the bridge. It took twenty five 2 half tons GMC CCKW trucks to transport the bridge parts to the construction site, part of the Red Ball Express.

A steel treadway bridge needed floating pontoons. A saddles on top of the pontoon put the weight of the bridge on the pontoon. A 12-foot sections of treadway track was bolted to the saddles. The treadway sections were put together on the spot unloaded for many truck. The sections were taken out to the end of the bridge in construction. The sections were connected together with large steel pins. The 17th was experienced with treadway bridges, but this was the largest one. To cross the Rhine would need 80 or 90 sections to complete the bridge. Moving the sections then pounding in the large pins was hard work. These bridge could carry a heavy load including a 66,800 pound M4 tanks.  The floating pontoon was an 18-ton pressurized rubber bag. The saddle was the metal and plywood frame was placed on the float and supported the treadway tracks. To prefabricate the bridge the pontoon had to be inflated; the saddles had to be assembled and lashed to the top of the pontoon. On 30 March 1945 Company "C", constructed a treadway bridge across the canal near Alvert. On 5 April 1945, the 17th Engr. Bn. constructed a 384 treadway across the Weser at Ohr, Germany. On 8 April 1945 division engineers constructed a pontoon bridge across the Weser Elbe Canal, west of, Harsum allowing Company "A" to continue its drive northeast to Braunschweig.

Elbe River

The engineers ferried two battalions across the Elbe river before starting the construction of the floating bridge at – Westerhusen. In the night spanning 12 to 13 April 1945 a bridge across the river was made. Starting at 11pm Companies D and E, 17th Armored Engineer Battalion built the bridge. It was a very dark night making it difficult even with the use two search lights. In the dark the bridge quickly came together.  As day light came, engineers put smoke pots, for smoke screen, on both sides of the bridge to hide the construction completions from the enemy. But, at 6am enemy shells destroyed five bridge pontoon floats, work was stopped. By 7am work started again to complete and repair the bridge. By 2pm the bridge was also most complete with 25 feet to complete. But so much enemy artillery fire was raining in the engineers were ordered to abandon the bridge and load up their trucks and pull out, to prevent further damage. PFC William Horne with the 82nd Engineer Combat Regiment helping with the bridge was killed during construction. The unit moved to Grunewalde were a ferry would move them across. 17th engineers help in the ferry operations with their DUKWs.
On 17 April the 17th Armored Engineered Battalion completed constructed of a bridge across the Elbe River at Magdeburg. The construction team came against enemy fire and once a Luftwaffe attack. 25 April 1945 is known as Elbe Day as the West and East armies connected near the bridge here.

Back to the US
On 21 January 1946 the battalion was shipped from Calais, France to Ft. Hood, Texas arriving 12 February 1946.

Cold War

After World War II the 17th Armored Engineer Battalion was based in Dexheim, Germany. From 1953 to 1954 Anderson Barracks was home of the 17th Armored Engineers. The Engineer battalion's mission was to assist the mobility of armored units of the Second Armored Division. Their mission was to help delay or defeat any Soviet invasions through the Fulda Gap. An annual training event was installing a floating bridge across the Rhine River, like the Battalion did in World War II (has caused flawed caption in image at right as noted). In 1967 parts of 17th were assigned to the 198th Light Infantry Brigade. In 1978, Delta Company, 17th Engineers was stationed at Lucius D. Clay Kaserne in Garlstedt, Germany as part of 2nd Armored Division (Forward).  During the Cold War, D Company's role was to prepare for heavy armored combat against the Warsaw Pact in defense of NATO being ready to move in the event of a Soviet threat to NATO. The 17th and its division practiced during exercises like REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) from 1967 to 1988. Some training took place at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California.

Panama
The 17th took part in Operation Just Cause the United States invasion of Panama on 20 December 1989. Helping with landing and dock operation in the short, but very complex operation.

Gulf War
The 17th served in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
In the fall of 1990 17th deployed to Saudi Arabia as part of Operation Desert Storm to support heavy armor divisions in the Defense of Saudi Arabia and later the liberation of Kuwait. 17th took part in Battle of Norfolk, with tank battles and ground infantry fighting, the 17th was in operation much like World War II, with mine removal and other support roles.

The battalion was inactivated in 1995.

Insignia
Battalion's insignia is the shield and motto of the coat of arms.
Motto "We pave the way"
 Coat of Arms: Shield: Gules, the back of a dexter mailed fist proper, grasping a portable ramp argent.
Crest: On a wreath of the colors (argent and gules) an embattled tower azure issuant from a mound of snow proper supporting a lion rampant or, holding in dexter forepaw an acorn of the last, slipped and leaved vert, surmounting and extending above the tower and in base the upper part of two spears saltirewise, shafts of the second, heads vert and tied at the center of the like. The shield is red for Engineers. The mailed fist is indicative of the power and aggressive-ness of the organization while the portable ramp indicates one of its functions. World War II service during which it was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation is indicated by the blue embattled tower in the color of the citation streamer and signifies repeated attacks against fortified towns. The white mound refers to the heavy snow and icy conditions encountered during the Ardennes-Alsace campaign. The gold rampant lion is from the coat of arms of Belgium while the acorn with leaves alludes to the great forests of the Ardennes and to the oak, an emblem of courage. The colors green and red commemorate the Belgian fourragere awarded the unit and the two spears allude to service with the 2d Armored Division which spearheaded the drive into Belgium and pierced the enemy defenses in the Ardennes. The arrowheads on the spears also refer to assault landings in North Africa and Sicily during World War II.

Decorations and honors

Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered "Ardennes". (17th Armd Engr Bn cited for period 22 Dec 1944 – 17 Jan 1945; WDGO 2, 1946)
Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered "Rhine to Elbe River" (Co E 17th Armd Engr Bn cited for period 11 Mar – 13 Apr 1945; WDGO 100, 1945)
Belgian Fourragere 1940 (17th Armd Engr Bn cited; DAGO 43, 1950)
Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in BELGIUM (17th Armd Engr Bn cited for action on 2 September 1944; DAGO 43, 1950)
Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the ARDENNES (17th Armd Engr Bn cited for period 21–28 Dec 1944; DAGO 43, 1950)
Navy Unit Commendation, Streamer embroidered SAUDI ARABIA-KUWAIT (Co A 17th Engr Bn cited for period 14 Aug 1990 – 16 Apr 1991; Ltr, Sec Navy, 24 October 1992)
Distinguished Unit Citation: Company E, 17th Armd. Engr. Bn.: 11 March 1945 to 13 April 1945 during the advance of the 2nd Armored Division from the Rhine to the Elbe River in Germany.
Distinguished Unit Citation: 17th Armd. Engr. Bn. : 22 December 1944 to 17 January 1945 for operations during the German Ardennes breakthrough.
President Truman's Diary on 16 July 1945 reviewed the Second Armored Division in Berlin and tied a citation award to the guidon flag of Company E, 17th Armored Engineer Battalion.

See also
82nd armored reconnaissance battalion
Mine plow
Mine roller
Hobart's Funnies
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
History of the tank
Tanks in World War I
Tanks in World War II
Comparison of early World War II tanks

References

2d ARMORED DIVISION "Hell on Wheels"
benning7.wordpress.com ‘17th Armored Engineer Battalion’
backtonormandy.org 17th Armored Engineer Battalion
waratlas.org 17th Armored Engineer Battalion
PURSUIT TO BELGIUM AND HOLLAND, By Don R. Marsh, 10 August1944, Gathemo, France
  militarytimes.com Distinguished Service Cross, 16-Nov. 1944, Sergeant Peter Bacle
ibiblio.org Chapter XXII, The Roer River Offensive, Drive to the Roer, 16 November – 9 December 1944, page 532
Last Offensive  Chapter 17, 17th Armored Engineer Battalion History, July 1944 to May 1945, by MacDonald
17th Armored Engineer Battalion Lineages and Honors
17th Armored Engineer Battalion Roll of Honor

Battle of the Bulge
017


title: Cape Weber Formation

text:
The Cape Weber Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Ordovician Greenland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Cass Fjord Formation

text:
The Cass Fjord Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period. The Cass Fjord is a geographic feature at the northern end of Peabody Bay on the eastern side of the Kane Basin in northwestern Greenland.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Ordovician Greenland


title: Narwhal Sound Formation

text:
The Narwhal Sound Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Ordovician Greenland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Clover (mobile app)

text:
Clover is a mobile dating app which connects with a user's Facebook account, or their email address. It is available for download for iOS as well as Android devices. Users can choose to turn their GPS location on or off and browse other users' profiles anonymously. Users can interact with each other by liking each other, sending text and multimedia chat messages, sending gifts, requesting dates using the "On Demand Dating" feature, or setup chat groups or group events using the "Mixers" feature. Users can also dislike other users which will remove them from future search results. Finally, users can exclude other users from contacting them based on their age, gender, or location in their privacy settings.

History

Clover launched on the Apple iTunes store on March 17, 2014. and on the Google Play store on June 7, 2016.

Features

The Clover Dating app is free to download and most features in the app are free to use. There are added features offered through a "Premium Clover Subscription" which can be purchased through an iTunes or Google Play account for 1, 3, or 6 months. A 7-day free trial can also be purchased which will give you seven days to try the app for free before subscribing to a monthly subscription.

The app has several free features, including seeing who likes you, who you like, who is a match, viewing profile information and profile photos. If a user likes you, you can chat with each other for free.

"Boosts" are required to feature yourself in the featured banner at the top of the chat screen and can be bought in packages of 1, 5, or 10.

Features which require a "Premium Clover Subscription" include advanced filters for various parameters including interests, intention, height, ethnicity, hair color, eye color, etc. The subscription also allows a user to send chat messages to anyone regardless of it they like the user and seeing when a user has read your chat message via read receipts. Subscribers also get free "Boosts" so that they can feature themselves in the feature strip at the top of the chat screen.

Clover launched a new "On Demand Dating" feature on January 7, 2015, that would let users have the app set up a date for them. Similar to a blind date users can choose the location and time that they wish to have the date and the app will list potential matches. Users can then review their matches and confirm the date. The app also gives suggestions for locations based on price and popularity. This feature is free to use.

On February 22, 2016, Clover launched a new "Mixers" feature which allows users to create online chat groups, or in person meet up groups, for users who share similar interests. Mixers can also be sorted by trending, number of attendees, number of comments, or most recently created. Mixers can also be searched using the search option. This feature is free to use.

User statistics

In its first four months, Clover acquired over 50,000 users with 52% coming from the United States and 16% coming from Canada. Roughly 30% of matches have been made after a user has previously passed on the other user.

By November 2014 the demographics were 69% male and 31% female, with 91% of users aged between 18 and 34 years old.

In March, 2015 Clover surveyed 200,000 of its users, between the ages of 18 and 65, who had used their "On Demand Dating" section to find the top 30 locations people were choosing for their first dates. Starbucks was found to be the top location that users preferred. The survey also found that 52% of women preferred to meet at a coffee shop and 51% of men preferred to meet at a restaurant.

Current executives
 Isaac Raichyk, Founder and CEO

References

External links
 Official website

Geosocial networking
IOS software
Mobile social software
Online dating services of Canada
Internet properties established in 2014


title: Chasle YC-100 Hirondelle

text:
The Chasle YC-100 Hirondelle () is a French single seat microlight designed in the 1980s.

Design and development
Yves Chasle worked as an Aérospatiale stress engineer and independently designed several light aircraft, starting with the Chasle YC-12 Tourbillon. His YC-100 Hirondelle is a largely wooden framed and fabric covered single-seat sports aircraft of conventional pusher layout. It has a strut braced high wing of constant chord with styrofoam ribs.  The fuselage of the Hirondelle is a slender, rectangular cross-sectioned beam with the pilot's seat upon it ahead of the wing leading edge. Behind the pilot a central structure supports the wing just above head level; on its trailing edge, one of several types of small piston engine, with power outputs typically around , drives a pusher propeller. The fin is broad and straight-tapered and the horizontal tail is attached to the fuselage underside. The Hirondelle has a short, fixed tricycle undercarriage.

Its first flight was on 1 May 1985, powered by a  König SC 430 engine, a 430 cc (26.2 cu in), air-cooled, three-cylinder radial. The second prototype, built in Brazil, had a  JPX PUL 425/503 engine, a 212 cc (12.9 cu in) air-cooled flat-twin two stroke.

The number built is uncertain; in 2009 two examples, both YC-100s, appeared on European civil registers, one in Spain and one in France.

Variants
Plans for these were available but only the YC-100 is known to have been built.
YC-100 As described below but could also be fitted with a  JPX PUL 425/503.
YC-101 As YC-100 but span increased to . Recommended engines were the JPX PUL 865, the  König SD 570 or the  KFM 107ER.
YC-110 Shorter span ( wings with NACA 23015 section and Junkers type, two part, full span auxiliary airfoil ailerons or flaperons. Recommended engines as YC-100 and also the König SD 570.
YC-111 Longer span () YC-110. Recommended engines were the König SD 570, KFM 107ER, JPX PUL 865 and also the Rotax 377 or 447, respectively  and .

Specifications (YC-100 prototype)

References

Ultralight aircraft
1980s French sport aircraft
Chasle aircraft
High-wing aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1985


title: Free North Korea Radio

text:
The Free North Korea Radio () is a radio broadcaster based in Seoul, South Korea. The station is run primarily by North Korean refugees and defectors and frequently broadcasts shortwave transmissions of news and information to the general population inside North Korea. The radio was established by Kim Seong-min, a former North Korean military monitor for foreign broadcasts, who was influenced by the foreign broadcasts that he monitored and defected from North Korea in 1996.

Free North Korea Radio has received an award from Reporters Without Borders in acknowledgement of its efforts.

Free North Korea Radio started broadcasting from Seoul in 2004. It is a project of the Defense Forum Foundation, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization.

Threats

Free North Korea Radio staff have been assaulted repeatedly by South Korean extremist groups who support the North Korean regime or fear the destabilizing effect of their broadcasts. Radio staff had to relocate to the outskirts of Seoul in 2005.

In July 2020, the Washington Times reported on a cyber attack targeting individuals involved with Free North Korea Radio, including its co-founder Suzanne Scholte. The phishing scam impersonated a prominent journalist from The Atlantic, Uri Friedman, and asked interview questions of Scholte, which security experts told the Washington Times were part of a larger cyber operation.

In response to news of the cyber attack, Col. David Maxwell, an analyst on North Korea, commented: "It’s not surprising that [Scholte] would have been targeted." Maxwell said, "I think the regime is focused on her organization because of the radio broadcasts...Shortwave radio broadcasts are one of the most effective ways to get outside information into North Korea, and the information has an effect."

Types of broadcasts

Free North Korea Radio broadcasts a variety of news and information into North Korea, including news of current events happening within North Korea. The organization relies on a network of anonymous sources inside North Korea for this information, which it also publishes on its Korean-language website.

Funding
As of 2008, Free North Korea Radio received an annual grant from the U.S. National Endowment for Democracy. In 2019 former special envoy for North Korea human rights Robert R. King stated it was "supported by some U.S. government funds".

As of 2020, Free North Korea Radio's English language website stated that it no longer received funding of any kind from the U.S. government.

Frequency

※South Korean standard time＝UTC+09:00

 The frequency is as of April, 2020.

See also

Fighters for a Free North Korea
Park Sang-hak
Suzanne Scholte
North Korea Freedom Coalition
Kim Seong-min

References

External links
 Official website
 Official English language website

Cold War broadcasting
Radio in Korea
Organizations for North Korean defectors


title: Agatdal Formation

text:
The Agatdal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Paleogene Greenland


title: Kap Dalton Formation

text:
The Kap Dalton Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Paleogene Greenland


title: Atanikerluk Formation

text:
The Atanikerluk Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Paleogene Greenland


title: Depot Island Formation

text:
The Depot Island Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Permian Greenland
Permian northern paleotemperate deposits


title: Foldvik Creek Formation

text:
The Foldvik Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Permian Greenland
Permian northern paleotemperate deposits


title: Wágner (footballer, born 1987)

text:
Wágner de Andrade Borges (born 3 April 1987), known simply as Wágner, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Portuguese club Aliados Lordelo as a forward.

Honours
Moreirense
Segunda Liga: 2013–14

Zawisza Bydgoszcz
Polish SuperCup: 2014

Paços Ferreira
Segunda Liga: 2018–19

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from São José dos Campos
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Rio Claro Futebol Clube players
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
Moreirense F.C. players
C.D. Nacional players
C.D. Tondela players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
G.D. Chaves players
F.C. Penafiel players
U.D. Vilafranquense players
Ekstraklasa players
Zawisza Bydgoszcz players
Thai League 2 players
Thai Honda F.C. players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand


title: Kim Fjelde Formation

text:
The Kim Fjelde Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Permian Greenland
Permian northern paleotemperate deposits


title: Schuchert Dal Formation

text:
The Schuchert Dal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Permian Greenland
Permian northern paleotemperate deposits


title: Harry Kennedy Morton

text:
Harry Kennedy Morton Jr. (March 20, 1889 – May 10, 1956) was a vaudeville dancer and singer as well as a prizefighter.

Biography
He was born on March 20, 1889, in Decatur, Alabama to Harry Kennedy Morton Sr. (died 1919) and Annie Duncan (1853-1902), who were also variety performers. He married Zella Russell.

He appeared in Blossom Time in 1938 and The Street Singer in 1929 as well as Polly in the same year. He appeared in Countess Maritza in 1926.

He died on May 10, 1956, of throat cancer in Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan.

Archive
His papers are archived at the New York Public Library.

Performances
The Sweetheart Shop (1920)
Love Dreams (1921)
Springtime of Youth (1922)
The Love Song (1925)
Countess Maritza (1926)
Polly (1929)
The Street Singer (1929)
Blossom Time (1938)

References

External links
Harry K. Morton image at the New York Public Library
 (archive)

1889 births
1956 deaths
Vaudeville performers
Deaths from throat cancer
People from Decatur, Alabama


title: Cape Schuchert Formation

text:
The Cape Schuchert Formation is a geologic formation part of the Peary Land Group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Silurian Greenland
Silurian northern paleotropical deposits


title: Chester Bjerg Formation

text:
The Chester Bjerg Formation is a geologic formation part of the Peary Land Group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Silurian Greenland
Silurian northern paleotropical deposits


title: Pentamerus Bjerge Formation

text:
The Pentamerus Bjerge Formation is a geologic formation part of the Peary Land Group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

The formation is named after the Pentamerus Range (Pentamerus Bjerge) in Daugaard-Jensen Land, NW Greenland.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Silurian Greenland
Silurian northern paleotropical deposits


title: Samuelsen Høj Formation

text:
The Samuelsen Høj Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Silurian Greenland
Silurian northern paleotropical deposits


title: John Parker (MP for Rochester)

text:
John Parker (fl. 1631–1680) was an English judge and an MP for Rochester during the Interregnum.

Biography
Parker was the son and heir of Richard Parker, of Shorne, Northfleet, Kent, and Priscilla, daughter of Robert Edolph of Hinxhill, Kent.

For many years Parker lived at Gravesend and was recorder of that town by 1632, but he was not called to the bar until 8 June 1638. He continued to be the recorder and on 16 April 1649 the Council of State demanded his attendance as the recorder of Gravesend.

During the Interregnum he was one of the gentlemen of the county of Kent trusted by the Council of State to carry out their wishes. In 1653 he was on the commission responsible selling estates of Royalists sequestrated for their actions in the Civil War. In the same year he was a trustee for the lands previously belonging to the Crown and oversaw the sale of property belonging to the royal family.

Parker was member for Rochester in the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments of 1654 and 1656, and was summoned by Cromwell as assistant to the Other House.

Parker joined the Fleet Street Inn in 1655 the year in which he was created a serjeant, and later that year appointed a serjeant-at-law and  a Baron of the Exchequer on 11 February 1656. In 1657 he was head of the Kentish assessments which dealt with issues such as poor prisoners, and forests. In 1659 he was appointed a circuit judge, and was reappointed that year as a Baron of the Exchequer by the new Protector Richard Cromwell, and the Rump Parliament from May 1659 to 30 June 1659, from 25 June 1659 to 20 November 1659, and on 19 January 1660. He was removed from the post at the Restoration but was reappointed a sergeant and held the position until the early 1680s when he disappears from the historical record.

Works
Whether this Parker or his contemporary name sake John Parker issued a book entitled Government of the People of England, precedent and present in 1650, remains unknown.

Notes

References

17th-century English judges
1631 births
1680 deaths
People from Rochester, Kent
Barons of the Exchequer
Serjeants-at-law (England)
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658


title: Rajko Dujmić

text:
Rajko Dujmić (7 August 1954 – 4 August 2020) was a Croatian  songwriter, composer and music producer best known as a member of the pop group Novi fosili.

He composed the winner entry of Eurovision Song Contest 1989, "Rock me", along with Stevo Cvikić. They also composed the two previous Yugoslavian entries, "Ja sam za ples", sung by Novi fosili, and "Mangup", sung by Srebrna Krila.

He received the Porin award for lifetime achievement at the Croatian music awards in 2013.

Personal life
He married his wife Snježana on 2 December 1990. He had a son Tin from a previous marriage.

After he was involved in a traffic accident in the village of Stari Laz, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, on 29 July 2020, Dujmić died six days later, on 4 August, at the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Center. He was 65.

References

External links

1954 births
2020 deaths
Croatian songwriters
Croatian male songwriters
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Road incident deaths in Croatia
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1987
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Yugoslavia
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery


title: Eliseo Sala

text:
Eliseo Sala (2 January 1813–24 June 1879) was an Italian painter.

Sala was born in Milan, and a student between 1832 and 1838 at the Brera Academy under Luigi Sabatelli. He went to Venice and then in Rome, where he arrived in 1840 and became friends with Francesco Coghetti. He was not only a dedicated artist of genre paintings and historical subjects, but especially in painting realistic portraits in which he excelled and had a good reputation. Many of his works are preserved in several national museums including the Modern Art Gallery and the Pinacoteca di Brera, both in Milan. Sala died in Triuggio on 24 June 1879.

Sources
Eliseo Sala Brief Bio
Works of Eliseo Sala
Works of Eliseo Sala

1813 births
1879 deaths
Painters from Milan
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian male artists


title: Wordie Creek Formation

text:
The Wordie Creek Formation is an uppermost Permian and Lower Triassic geologic formation in Greenland, outcrops of which are located in Northeast Greenland National Park (until 2008 Tunu County, Danish: Østgrønland, English: East Greenland). In 2017, it was suggested to be raised to group status, as the Wordie Creek Group.

The Lower Triassic sediments in the region were discovered in 1926 independently by James Wordie and Lauge Koch, and the latter named the formation. The rock layers preserve fossils of invertebrates (e.g., ammonoids, gastropods), fishes (coelacanths, ray-finned fish, cartilaginous fish) and temnospondyl amphibians, dating back to the Induan age.

Geology
Following Surlyk et al., the Wordie Creek Group is subdivided into two formations, the Kap Stosch Formation and the overlying Godthåb Golf Formation. The Kap Stosch Formation was deposited in relatively deep, partly isolated turbiditic basin, and the Godthåb Golf Formation under relatively shallow marine conditions.

In 1935, Eigil Nielsen recognized five fossil-bearing horizons ("fish zones 1–5") corresponding to three ammonoid zones (in ascending order):
Otoceras zone ("fish zones 1 and 2")
Vishnuites zone ("fish zones 3 and 4")
Proptychites zone ("fish zone 5")

The first two ammonoid zones are Griesbachian in age and the last one is Dienerian in age (Induan). The Kap Stosch Formation corresponds to these three zones. A sixth fossiliferous layer, the "Stegocephalian horizon", is present above, which belongs to the Godthåb Golf Formation (Dienerian). The Hypophiceras triviale ammonoid zone below Nielsen's "fish zones" is dated late Changhsingian.

The Kap Stosch Formation is subdivided into the following eight members (in ascending order):
Nebalopok  Member (upper Changhsingian–lower Griesbachian)
Immaqa Member (lower Griesbachian)
Fiskeplateau Member (lower Griesbachian)
Knolden Member (lower Griesbachian)
Pyramiden Member (lower–upper Griesbachian)
Naasut Member (upper Griesbachian)
Falkeryg Member (lower Dienerian)
Vestplateau Member (lower Dienerian)

The Godthåb Golf Formation is not subdivided into members.

Paleobiota
A diverse vertebrate fauna composed of temnospondyl amphibians and fishes is known from the formation. Fossil fishes are also known from the Permian Ravnefjeld Formation ("Posidonomya shale") of Greenland.

Amphibians

Fish

Lobe-finned

Ray-finned

Cartilaginous

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Triassic Greenland
Geology of Greenland
Paleontology in Greenland
Geologic formations of Greenland
Triassic System of North America


title: Croton nepetifolius

text:
Croton nepetifolius (Croton nepetaefolius) is an aromatic species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to northeastern Brazil. It is commonly known as marmeleiro vermelh (red quince). The plant has been used in folk medicine as a sedative, an orexigenic (appetite enhancer) and an antispasmodic (muscle contraction suppressor).

See also
 List of Croton species

References

monanthogynus
Plants described in 1864
Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon


title: Brønlund Fjord Group

text:
The Brønlund Fjord Group is a geologic group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic groups of North America
Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian Greenland


title: Planeta.ru

text:
Planeta.ru is a Russian crowdfunding platform, one of the first and currently the biggest in the country. It allows to fund creative, scientific, social, entrepreneurial and other projects by raising money from a large number of individuals. From its founding in June 2012 until February 2019 over  projects totaling billion rubles were funded.

The site is similar to English-language sites such as Kickstarter and IndieGoGo.

History

Planeta.ru was founded on 7 June 2012 by three friends - Max Lakmus (bass player from the Bi-2 music band), Fedor Murachkovskiy and Vasily Andruschenko. In the beginning it was envisaged as a service for the music bands albums pre-orders. However, in the process of launching and development Planeta.ru became a crowdfunding platform. Planeta.ru foundation day is considered as a Day of Crowdfunding in Russia.

During the Russian Internet Week - 2013, Planeta.ru organized the first professional conference dedicated to the crowdfunding and crowdinvesting.

There was a charity program "MegaFon helps" on Planeta.ru from 2015 to 2017. Mobile phone operator increased each contribution in certain projects dedicated to several topics: rehabilitation of children with disabilities, social and professional adaptation young people with disabilities and others Also in 2015 the program GOODSTARTER for social entrepreneurs was realized in cooperation with Lipton brand.

In 2016 the platform became one of the initiators of the open-ended project "Bibliorodina" where anybody could finance the scientific publications subscriptions as a gift for one of the Russian libraries.

Reality-show "The battle of technologies" was realized in February 2017 in collaboration with Russian Venture Company and Eva Invest fund. The aim of the project was in selecting 10 best technological start-ups that wanted to raise money by crowdfunding and educating them how to do it properly.

In addition to crowdfunding, Planeta.ru also develops its online-shop.

Crowdfunding school

In 2015 the experts of Planeta.ru started to organize offline and online educational activities in order to explain how to prepare for the launch of the crowdfunding campaign and run it successfully. These activities have already been undertaken in Siberia, Ural region, Kaliningrad and Volga federal region. 12000 people became students of the Crowdfunding school by March 2017. In October 2017 Planeta.ru launched an online educational course "Crowdfunding in 60 minutes" with short videos explaining the stages of crowdfunding campaign creation.

See also
Comparison of crowd funding services

References

External links
 Official site
 English-language article

Online financial services companies of Russia
Crowdfunding platforms


title: Tavsens Iskappe Group

text:
The Tavsens Iskappe Group is a geologic group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic groups of North America
Geologic formations of Greenland
Cambrian Greenland


title: Diving at the 2014 South American Games – Men's 3 metre springboard

text:
The men's 3 metre springboard diving competition at the 2014 South American Games in Santiago was held on 15 March at the Aquatic Center National Stadium.

Schedule
All times are Chile Summer Time (UTC−03:00)

Results

References

Detailed Results

Diving at the 2014 South American Games


title: Wollaston Forland Group

text:
The Wollaston Forland Group is a geologic group in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland

References

External links

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic groups of North America
Geologic formations of Greenland
Cretaceous Greenland


title: Familienbrauerei Bauhöfer

text:
("Bauhöfer Family Brewery) is a brewery company in Renchen-Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, established in 1852.

The company is a  (GmbH, limited liability company) and a  (KG, limited partnership).

Beers

The company produces a range of beers, some seasonal, including (with ABV)

  (2.5)
  (2.7)
  (5.4)
  (5.1)
  (5.1)
  (4.8)
  (5.3)
  (5.1)
  (7.2)
  (?)
  (9.9)
  (5.9)
  (5.2)
  (2.7)
  (?)
  (5.2)
  (7.4)

References

External links

Breweries in Germany
Beer in Germany
Companies based in Baden-Württemberg
German companies established in 1852


title: Arthur Cates

text:
Arthur Cates  (29 April 1829 – 15 May 1901) was an English architect.

Life
The son of James Cates by his wife Susan, daughter of John Rose, he was born at 38 Alfred Street, Bedford Square, London. After education at King's College School he entered as pupil the office of Sydney Smirke, in 1846. Cates's executed works were not numerous; but in 1870 he succeeded Sir James Pennethorne as architect to the land revenues of the crown under the Commissioners of Woods and Forests. He then controlled the architecture of the Crown Estate in London.

Cates, who joined the Architectural Association in 1847, became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1856, a fellow in 1874, and a member of the council in 1879; he served as vice-president from 1888 to 1892. Architectural education was one of his concerns, and he long controlled the RIBA examination system. From 1882 to 1896 he was chairman of its board of examiners, and preliminary, intermediate, and final examinations were brought in. He was also a fellow of the Surveyors' Institution.

From 1859 to 1892 Cates acted as hon. secretary of the Architectural Publication Society. When in 1894 the tribunal of appeal under the London Building Act was appointed, he was elected the first chairman, and was re-elected in 1900 for a further term of five years.

Cates died at his residence, 12 York Terrace, Regent's Park, on 15 May 1901, and was buried at Woking.

Legacy
As surveyor to the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, Cates designed in 1887 the archway and gatehouse leading from Tudor Street to King's Bench Walk. He formed a good architectural library, and many of his books were given or bequeathed to the library of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He bequeathed an annual prize bearing his name, which after his death was awarded in connection with the RIBA examinations.

Works
Cates assisted in the compilation of the Architectural Dictionary, which his friend Wyatt Papworth edited. He wrote for the Dictionary of National Biography memoirs of Wyatt Papworth, his father and brother.

Family
Cates married in 1881 Rosa, daughter of William Rose, who survived him. There was no issue of the marriage.

Notes

Attribution

1821 births
1901 deaths
19th-century English architects
Architects from London
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects