title: Actor Ichikawa Shiko as Kato Yomoshichi (Gosotei Hirosada)

text:
Actor Ichikawa Shikō as Katō Yomoshichi from the series Tales of Retainers of Unswerving Loyalty is an ukiyo-e woodblock print by Osaka-based late Edo period print designer  (fl. c. 1819-1863). Each of the three sheets contains a different version of the same image, reflecting progressive stages in the woodblock printing process.
The print is a portrait of a contemporary kabuki actor in the role of a samurai, and belongs to a series of images of heroes. The print belongs to the permanent collection of the Prince Takamado Gallery of Japanese Art in the Royal Ontario Museum, Canada.

Print details
 Medium:  woodblock print; ink and colour on paper
 Size:
 Format: 3  single sheet prints
 Genre: ,  actor print,  large head portrait
 Japanese title: 「忠烈義士伝」 「加藤与茂七」 [Chūretsu gishiden Katō Yomoshichi]
 Exhibit title: Actor Ichikawa Shikō as Katō Yomoshichi from the series Tales of Retainers of Unswerving Loyalty in 3 versions
 Date: c. 1848
 Inscription: none
 Signature: 廣貞 [Hirosada] in upper half along right edge
 Publisher's mark: none visible
 Censor seal: none
 Date seal: none
 Credit line: none

Artist
Despite his status as "the most important and prolific mid-nineteenth century Osaka designer," little is known of Hirosada's personal details. The few biographies listing his life dates identify his birth year as unknown and that of his death as 1864 or 1865. Art historians link his activity to between 1810 and 1865. He has been acknowledged as "the central figure of mid-nineteenth century Osaka printmaking." He was very prolific, producing predominantly kabuki-e and yakusha-e chūban prints. He is particularly known for his ōkubi-e (lit. "large head") portraits of leading Osaka actors such as this print.

Hirosada used a number of gō art names throughout his career, including ,  and . He apparently began his career as , switching to Hirosada in mid-1847. Some have suggested that Hirosada and his contemporary  (fl. 1830-1847) were the same person; however, this remains unproven.

Subject

Ichikawa Shikō III
As with Hirosada, little is known about the personal life of . He was born the son of a carpenter, but became the student then adopted son of kabuki actor . He was known by various names during his career including the following:
 Stage names

  (1/1844-1/1846)
  (1/1846-8/1850)
  (8/1850-?)
 Yagō guild name

 Haimyō poetry name

The last known mention of his name in print is in 1851, so it is presumed that he died in this year or soon after.

Kanadehon Chūshingura
This print and the several others in the series from which it is taken depict characters from a staging of the play  performed in Osaka in the third month of 1848. The play was originally written for the bunraku puppet theatre by Takeda Izumo II, Miyoshi Shōraku and Namiki Senryū I in 1748, and adapted for kabuki later that year. It remains one of the most famous and popular plays in the kabuki repertoire.

A jidaimono historical drama, the play tells the ostensibly true and pervasively enduring story of a 1702 incident known as the Akō Affair, in which 47 loyal retainers of a wronged lord avenged his death then committed ritual seppuku suicide. The story of the 47 ronin has long been repeated and romanticized as an idealization of the bushido ethos, and held particular appeal during the latter half of the Tokugawa era  despite, or perhaps in part due to, strict censorship imposed on re-tellings of the incident by the shogunate.

Series
The print belongs to a series of six known prints translated as Tales of Retainers of Unswerving Loyalty or The Exemplary Loyalty of the Faithful Samurai. Like the characters from the play depicted in each image from the series, Katō Yomoshichi is one of the loyal retainers of the provincial lord Enya Hangan. The others are as follows:

Hirosada produced multiple albums of this type portraying popular actors of the day as heroic warriors, including 忠孝武勇伝 (Chūka buyūden) ("Tales of Loyalty and Filial Devotion") and 高名武勇伝 (Kōmei buyūden) ("Tales of Brave Warriors of Renown" or "Tales of Renowned Heroes"), both issued in 1848. Doesburg has argued that such collections are attempts to circumvent censorship of kabuki-themed ukiyo-e under the Tenpō Reforms by cloaking the dramatic content within titles suggesting the promotion of moral values and "suggesting that the portraits were actually representations of famous men and women from history and legend".

Medium and genre

Kamigata-e
Gosōtei Hirosada's works are categorized as , a term used to distinguish prints produced in the Kamigata area (Kyoto and Osaka) from those produced in Edo. Gaining prominence about a century after the emergence of ukiyo-e in Edo, kamigata-e were predominantly  (images of kabuki actors), and were produced almost exclusively by amateur “talented kabuki fans” promoting their favourite actors.

Kabuki-e
Literally 'kabuki pictures', kabuki-e began to be produced in Edo in the late seventeenth century. As kabuki grew in popularity, stars emerged, which in turn led to the  (actor print) subgenre. Further subgenres of yakusha-e include  bust portraits,  full-length portraits,  parody pictures, and  death portraits.

Ōkubi-e
Ōkubi-e prints, also known as , are close-up ukiyo-e head shots of actors or beautiful women. Hirosada's print bears many of the typical marks of this genre including the plain background, the dramatic posing of the hands and arms, and the emphasis on facial features and make-up. Hirosada is particularly associated with this genre of print due to both the number and quality of works of this type that he produced.

Copies in other collections

See also
 View of Tempōzan Park in Naniwa (Gochōtei Sadamasu) - kamigata-e print in same collection
 Actor Arashi Rikan II as Osome (Ryūsai Shigeharu) - kamigata-e print in same collection
 Bust portrait of Actor Kataoka Ichizō I (Gochōtei Sadamasu II) - kamigata-e print in same collection
 Ryūsai Shigeharu - kamigata-e artist
 Three Travellers before a Waterfall (Ryūsai Shigeharu) - kamigata-e print in same collection
 Actor Nakamura Shikan II as Satake Shinjuro (Shungyosai Hokusei) - kamigata-e print in same collection
 Two Actors in Samurai Roles (Gosotei Hirosada) - print in same collection by same artist

Notes

References

External links

Works by Gosotei Hirosada
Kabuki


title: Bormioli Rocco

text:
Bormioli Rocco () is an Italian manufacturer of household goods now operating under the name Bormioli Luigi SpA. The company is one of the world's leading suppliers of tableware and glassware. Founded in 1825 in Fidenza (Province of Parma, Italy), Bormioli Rocco produces glassware and plastic containers for home use, as well as containers for pharmaceutical use.

Bormioli Rocco operates nine plants, two decorative ateliers, nine stores and one flagship store, with a presence in over 100 countries and with over 2,500 employees.

Early History
Source:

The Bormioli family was originally from Altare, in the hinterland of Savona, where the family name was already known in the art of glass-making since the Middle-Age. The family name "Bormioli di Altare" can be tracked back to AD 1300, in the archives of Savona, for the purchase of soda (sodium carbonate).

In 1825, Luigi Bormioli left Altare (Province of Savona) and moved to Borgo San Donnino (renamed Fidenza in 1927) in the province of Parma. Luigi started a glassware company with money he inherited from his father. After Luigi's death in 1832, his wife Petronilla led the company for the next 22 years, together with her three sons.

In 1854 the company purchased the Royal Factory of Ceramics and Glasses Strada Farnese in Parma, and immediately changed its name to Brothers Bormioli Glassware. Over the next several years, the company mechanized its production and moved into a larger facility near San Leonardo.

In 1880, the company name was changed to Bormioli Rocco Glass and Son. Upon Rocco's death in 1893, his son Luigi took over. During World War I for the next two decades, Bormioli Rocco remained a major company in the region. employing more than 1,600 people, and had a worldwide sales network.

Modern history

In the 1980s, the company acquired other companies in Italy and abroad, and again renamed itself, this time, as the Bormioli Group. The new company made glass products for the household sector, and industrial packaging for pharmaceutical, perfume, cosmetics and food use.

A financial crisis in the 1990s forced the company to cede a majority stake to Banca Popolare di Lodi. In subsequent years, the company became part of Gruppo Banca Popolare (through its subsidiaries and participations Spa Efibanca Italian), and in 2011 it was sold to private equity firm Vision Capital, which had 53% ownership. Italian entrepreneur Giovanni Bellavite owns a 17% stake in the company (~ 90 million).

Landmark dates
1825 : Luigi Bormioli sets up the first glassworks in Fidenza where the development of the company has started.
1880 : After the acquisition of the "Royal factory of majolica and glassware" in Parma, The Bormioli family changes the business name into "Vetreria Fratelli Bormioli Rocco e Figlio spa".
1938 : The first automatic machine is assembled.
1946 : After the war bombings and the total destruction of the factory, the production is relaunched using the most advanced automation technologies.
1950–60 : Introduction of white glass for pharmaceutical containers and improvement of production equipment for tempered-glass tableware products. The Company also expanded to a global presence.
1980–99 : From the beginning of the eighties to the end of the nineties the Rocco Bormioli firm has carried out a campaign of acquisitions of factories in Italy and abroad: Trezzano sul Naviglio, Castelguelfo and then Altare and Fidenza Vetraria in 1991, Verreries de Masnieres in 1993 and Azuqueca in 1997.
2004 : Banca Popolare di Lodi becomes the main shareholder of Bormioli Rocco & Figlio SpA.
2004 : The company closes its factory in Rive-de-Gier, France.
2011 : In June 2011 Vision Capital purchases the Bormioli Rocco Group.
2013 : Bormioli Rocco buys Neubor Glass.

Brands
Brands within Bormioli Group:
 Bormioli Rocco: This brand is dedicated to tableware.
 inAlto: This brand is dedicated to professionals
 Fido: This brand is dedicated to airtight jars.
 Quattro Stagioni: This brand is dedicated to jars, lids and accessories.
 Frigoverre: This brand offers glass containers.
 B2B and Promotion: Works with B2B companies to create or personalize products and design promotional packaging and on-pack solutions.

Key competitors
Arc International (France), 1 billion euros revenue in 2009 and 8000 employees.
Libbey (USA), 540 million euros revenue in 2009 and 6800 employees.
Pasabahce (Turkey), 480 million euros revenue in 2009 and 5800 employees.
Maghsoud factories group (Iran), 3000 employees.
Vicrila Industrias del Vidrio S.L.U (Spain), 25 million euros revenue.

References

Glass trademarks and brands
Italian companies established in 1825
Glassmaking companies of Italy
Italian brands
Province of Parma


title: Portfolio diet

text:
Portfolio Diet is a therapeutic plant-based diet created by Canadian researcher David J. Jenkins in 2003 to lower blood cholesterol. The diet emphasizes using a portfolio of foods or food components that have been found to associate with cholesterol lowering to enhance this effect. Soluble fiber, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts are the four essential components of Portfolio diet. The diet is low in saturated fat, high in fibre. Researches have found it has comparable blood cholesterol effect to statin treatment.

Background

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Several risk factors have been identified as associated with cardiovascular disease.  They include high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, being overweight or obese, and smoking. The American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) suggested life style management to control risk factors in order to reduce cardiovascular risk. One of the strategies is to reduce dietary saturated fat, which should reduce low-density lipoprotein in the blood (LDL) which is considered “bad” blood cholesterol. If dietary and life style management proves ineffective on its own, medication is added, such as statin, to reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Soy protein, nuts, viscous fibre, and plant sterols have been found to have a cholesterol lowering effect. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a health claim for these foods. David Jenkins believes that inclusion of all these foods in the diet is more effective at lowering cholesterol.

Diet

A typical portfolio diet includes a daily intake of about 50 grams of nuts (such as almonds, peanuts and walnuts), 2 grams of plant sterols, 10-25 grams of soluble fiber (from sources such as oats, barley, and psyllium), and 50 grams of soy protein.

Health effects

There is high-quality evidence that the portfolio diet significantly reduces LDL-C and has positive effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.

See also
List of diets

References

Further reading

Diets
Plant-based diets


title: Vipul Goyal

text:
Vipul Goyal is an Indian stand-up comedian and actor. He is counted among the top comedy performers in India and also plays the main protagonist in the web-series Humorously Yours. The show is produced by The Viral Fever and depicts a semi-autobiographical account of his life interspersed with standup clips. Vipul is the only Indian comedian with a dedicated show of his own, with more than 70 million views on his online videos across various platforms (as of August 2017). The show revolves around his struggles of becoming a comedian and season 2 depicts the life after his success. He is often called the Indian Seinfeld as he does some observational comedy.

Early life
Vipul was born in Falna in Rajasthan, India. He studied electrical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
He has been involved in theatre during college life. He was also a part of "Love in December", along with Nitin Gupta. He was greatly inspired by Indian stand-up comedian of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge fame, Raju Shrivastava.

Career

Goyal is a pioneer of clean comedy and his content is based on topics like Indian dads, Facebook, engineering, Sachin Tendulkar, Indian trains, dating, management, and politics.

He is regularly invited to media forums for discussions on the Indian standup scene or his hilarious takes on current affairs.

He regularly performs at colleges and companies all over the country and went on his first official tour starting in late 2016 which continued into 2017.

References

External links
 humorouslyyours.com

Indian stand-up comedians
IIT Bombay alumni
People from Rajasthan


title: Hoyt Peak

text:
Hoyt Peak is a  summit located on the shared border of Yellowstone National Park and North Absaroka Wilderness, in Park County, Wyoming.

It was named for John Wesley Hoyt (1831–1912), third Governor of Wyoming Territory. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1895 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

Sylvan Pass forms the low point of the saddle between Hoyt Peak and Top Notch Peak.

Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Hoyt Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F.

See also
 List of mountains and mountain ranges of Yellowstone National Park

References

External links

 Weather forecast: Hoyt Peak

Mountains of Park County, Wyoming
Mountains of Wyoming
North American 3000 m summits
Mountains of Yellowstone National Park


title: The Nearness of You (Paul Bley album)

text:
The Nearness of You is an album of jazz standards by pianist Paul Bley recorded in Denmark in 1988 and released on the SteepleChase label.

Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating "This is Bley at his level jamming best. If this had been a cutting session, I'd have hated to be the horn player".

Track listing
 "This Can't Be Love" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) - 5:35
 "The Nearness of You" (Hoagy Carmichael, Ned Washington) - 12:54
 "What a Difference a Day Makes" (Stanley Adams, María Mendez Grever) - 7:28
 "These Foolish Things" (Harry Link, Holt Marvell, Jack Strachey) - 4:35 Bonus track on CD
 "Blues in the Closet" (Oscar Pettiford) - 11:30 Bonus track on CD
 "Lullaby of Birdland" (George Shearing, George David Weiss) - 6:20
 "We'll Be Together Again" (Carl Fischer, Frankie Laine) - 10:44
 "Take the "A" Train" (Billy Strayhorn) - 6:50

Personnel
Paul Bley - piano
Ron McClure - bass
Billy Hart - drums

References

1989 albums
Paul Bley albums
SteepleChase Records albums


title: Stanford Norman McLeod Nairne

text:
Stanford Norman McLeod Nairne (born 1 January 1841, in Jamaica) was an officer and Adjutant of the 94th Regiment of Foot who died of wounds received during the first action of the First Boer War on 20 December 1880 at Bronkhorstspruit, Transvaal, South Africa. He was called 'The Swart Captain' because of his mixed race, and he was mourned by both black and white people at his death.

Early life
He was the son of Police Inspector Alexander Darnley Nairne (1805–1880) and his wife Anna Sarah both of Kingston Jamaica. Alexander Darnley Nairne was the son of Scotsman Daniel Nairne (born about 1750 Nairnshire, Scotland; died 1816 in Clarendon Parish, Jamaica) and Sarah Williams, a Free Black Woman who was born in Jamaica.

Career
Stanford Nairne was commissioned as Ensign in the 94th Regiment of Foot in 1862. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1869.

He married Amelia Samson (1840–1927) on 4 June 1863 at Melcombe Regis, Dorset, England. She is the daughter of Dr Alexander Samuel Samson of Weymouth Dorset. She accompanied her husband to India where he was serving with the 94th Regiment of Foot during the 1860s, and their only child (to live beyond infancy) was born there on 17 Sept 1865 at Umballa/Ambala, Bengal, India. They named her Beatrice Inez Jerome Cafe McLeod Nairne (1865–1943.)

Zulu War of 1879
The 94th Regiment was stationed in Aldershot military base in Southern England in 1879. On 26 February seven companies of the 94th left Southampton for South Africa on the ship SS China. The total strength of the regiment on board was 28 officers and 897 other ranks including Commanding Officer Lt. Col S. Malthus & Capt S N M Nairne. They took four weeks to cross the Atlantic, arriving at Simon's Bay near Cape Town on 25 March, and then reached Durban on 2 April after a further journey of 35 days.

They set up their camp just outside Durban and three days later on 6 April the 94th received orders to commence their march to the front. They marched into Pietermaritzburg on 8 April and left on 11 April and arrived at Greytown on 14 April 1879.

After marching more than a hundred miles north they encamped on the right bank of the White Mfolozi on 2 July 1879, within striking distance of Ulundi. They crossed the river and formed a large hollow rectangle before advancing across the Mahlabatini Plain and so took part in the Battle of Ulundi on 4 July. This was the final battle of the Anglo-Zulu War which resulted in a defeat for the Zulu army. The 94th marched with 20 officers and 593 other ranks. Their commanding officer was Lt. Col S. Malthus. His senior officers were Majors Murray and Anstruther, and five captains, including Captain Nairne who took charge of F Company.

The 94th Regiment then left Zululand, clad in tattered rags and marched into the Transvaal where all eight companies of the regiment took part in the successful attack on Sekhukhune's stronghold on 28 November 1879.

First Boer War of 1880
In 1880 the 94th were widely distributed throughout the Transvaal, and one of the garrisons was established at Lydenburg (consisting of A and F Companies.) Capt Nairne was as usual in command of F Company. It was during the re-concentration of the companies in December 1880, in response to outbreaks of civil disorder by the Boers that A and F companies were ordered to march from Leydenberg to Pretoria. They were attacked at Bronkhorstspruit in what proved to be the opening clash of the First Boer War.

The 94th lost one officer (Lieutenant Herbert Augustine Christopher Harrison) and 53 men killed in the carnage of the attack. Another four officers and 88 men received wounds of which three officers (Lt.Col. Philip Robert Anstruther, Captain Stanford Norman McLeod Nairne and Captain James MacSwiney) and 18 men later died. One officer and 105 men became prisoners of the Boers. (The information on these three military engagements has been summarised from the following article:

Details of the ensuing siege of the British garrison at Lydenberg by the Boers are recorded by Mary Long the wife of the Lieutenant who was left in charge of the garrison at Lydenberg in her book Peace and War in the Transvaal. Lt Long (with 50 men) was left in charge of stores at Lydenberg while the 94th marched from Lydenberg to Bronkhorstspruit where they were ambushed.

Captain Nairne was originally buried with his fellow officers in a walled enclosure at the site of the battle. The gravestones were later moved to their present site near the battlefield which is a few km south of Bronkhorstspruit on the road to Delmas.

References

1841 births
1880 deaths
Emigrants from British Jamaica to the United Kingdom
British military personnel killed in the First Boer War


title: Dong-geun

text:
Dong-geun, also spelled Dong-keun, is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 24 hanja with the reading "dong" and 18 hanja with the reading "geun" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:

Entertainers
Yoo Dong-geun (born 1956), South Korean actor
Yang Dong-geun (born 1979), South Korean actor
Shin Dong-geun (born 1993), stage name Peniel Shin, American-born South Korean rapper, member of BtoB

Sportspeople
Park Dong-keun (born 1941), South Korean taekwondo grandmaster
Lee Dong-keun (curler) (born 1979), South Korean curler
Lee Dong-geun (footballer, born 1981), South Korean footballer
Shin Dong-keun (born 1981), South Korean footballer
Yang Dong-geun (basketball) (born 1981), South Korean basketball player
Yu Dong-geun (born 1985), South Korean handball player
Lee Dong-geun (footballer, born 1988), South Korean footballer
Lee Dong-keun (badminton) (born 1990), South Korean badminton player

Others
Kang Tong-gun (1916–2004), one of South Korea's unconverted long-term prisoners who crossed over to North Korea in 2000
Shin Dong-kun (born 1961), South Korean dentist and parliamentarian

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: UFL FA Charity Cup

text:
The United Football League Football Alliance Charity Cup was a Filipino association football competition. It was played on a knockout stage (single elimination). The only edition served as the last competition for the 2013–14 United Football League season which was participated by the top 6 clubs of UFL Division 1.

Background

On 21 June 2012, UFL officials announced that it will introduce a new tournament to its calendar around May of the 2013 United Football League season. Originally, the UFL Super Cup was supposed to feature 10 teams from the UFL Division 1 and the top six clubs from its second division. A maximum of five foreign players would be allowed for each club during the inaugural tournament, and this number would be reduced to four players the succeeding years.

On 22 April 2014, it was officially announced that the planned UFL Super Cup will commence after the 2013 UFL season, and will be held annually after the end of each league competition. As for its participants, the top six clubs of the first division will compete in this knockout tournament. UFL president Randy Roxas said that the Super Cup was supposed to include foreign teams competing against the league and cup champions. However, he explained that inviting foreign teams became too expensive. The league champion and runner-up will receive byes to the cup's semi-finals, while the other four clubs will compete in two-legged knockout games.

2014 edition

The 2014 United Football League FA Charity Cup is the first and only edition of the tournament. The competition ran from July 12 to 26, 2014.

Global defeated Kaya 3–1 on July 26, 2014 at Rizal Memorial Stadium to capture the first and only UFL FA Cup title.

Competition format
The top six clubs of the 2014 United Football League competed for the cup.

Qualification

Top six clubs of the recently concluded 2014 United Football League qualified in this tournament.
 Global
 Kaya
 Loyola
 Stallion
 Green Archers United
 Pachanga Diliman

Results

All quarterfinal and semi-final matches will be played in two-legged contests, with scores carrying over from the first game into the second leg. Given that all matches will be held in one venue, there will be no away-goals rule. The quarterfinal round kicked off on July 12, 2014 at Rizal Memorial Stadium.

Quarter-finals

|}

Semi-finals

|}

Third place match

Final

References

External links

Cup
Defunct football competitions in the Philippines
2014 establishments in the Philippines
National association football league cups
2014 disestablishments in the Philippines
Charity Cup
Charity football matches


title: Internet metaphors

text:
Internet metaphors provide users and researchers of the Internet a structure for understanding and communicating its various functions, uses, and experiences.  An advantage of employing metaphors is that they permit individuals to visualize an abstract concept or phenomenon with which they have limited experience by comparing it with a concrete, well-understood concept such as physical movement through space. Metaphors to describe the Internet have been utilized since its creation and developed out of the need for the Internet to be understood by everyone when the goals and parameters of the Internet were still unclear.  Metaphors helped to overcome the problems of the invisibility and intangibility of the Internet's infrastructure and to fill linguistic gaps where no literal expressions existed.

"Highways, webs, clouds, matrices, frontiers, railroads, tidal waves, libraries, shopping malls, and village squares are all examples of metaphors that have been used in discussions of the Internet." Over time these metaphors have become embedded in cultural communications, subconsciously shaping the cognitive frameworks and perceptions of users who guide the Internet's future development.  Popular metaphors may also reflect the intentions of Internet designers or the views of government officials.  Internet researchers tend to agree that popular metaphors should be re-examined often to determine if they accurately reflect the realities of the Internet, but many disagree on which metaphors are worth keeping and which ones should be left behind.

Overview

Internet metaphors guide future action and perception of the Internet's capabilities on an individual and societal level.  Internet metaphors are contestable and sometimes may present political, educational, and cognitive issues.  Tensions between producer and user, commercial and non-commercial interests, and uncertainty regarding privacy all influence the shape these metaphors take.

Common Internet metaphors such as the information superhighway are often criticized for failing to adequately reflect the reality of the Internet as they emphasize the speed of information transmission over the communal and relationship building aspects of the Internet.  Internet researchers from a variety of disciplines are engaged in the analysis of metaphors across many domains in order to reveal their impact on user perception and determine which metaphors are best suited for conceptualizing the Internet.  Results of this research have become the focus of a popular debate on which metaphors should be applied in political, educational, and commercial settings as well as which aspects of the Internet remain unaccounted for with current metaphors, limiting the scope of users understanding.

Metaphors of the Internet often reveal the intentions of designers and industry spokespeople. "For instance, those who use metaphors of consumption and shopping malls will devote resources to developing secure exchange mechanisms. Broadcasting metaphors carry with them assumptions about the nature of interactions between audiences and content providers that are more passive than those suggested by interactive game metaphors and applications.  Computer security experts deploy metaphors that invoke fear, anxiety, and apocalyptic threat" (Wyatt, 2004, p. 244).  The extent to which the Internet is understood across individuals and groups determines their ability to navigate and build Web sites and social networks, attend online school, send e-mail, and a variety of other functions.  Internet metaphors provide a comprehensive picture of the Internet as a whole as well as describe and explain the various tools, purposes, and protocols that regulate the use of these communication technologies.

Without the use of metaphors the concept of the Internet is abstract and its infrastructure difficult to comprehend.  When it was introduced, the Internet created a linguistic gap as no literal expressions existed to define its functions and properties.  Internet metaphors arose out of this predicament so that it could be adequately described and explained to the public.  Essentially all language now used to communicate about the Internet is of a metaphorical nature, although users are often unaware of this reality because it is embedded in a cultural context that is widely accepted.  There are several types of metaphors that serve various purposes and can range from describing the nature of online relationships, modeling the Internet visually, to the specific functions of the Internet as a tool.  Each metaphor has implications for the experience and understanding of the Internet by its users and tends to emphasize some aspects of the Internet over others. Some metaphors emphasize space (Matlock, Castro, Fleming, Gann, & Maglio, 2014).

Popular culture
Common recurring themes regarding the Internet appear in popular media and reflect pervasive cultural attitudes and perceptions.  Although other models and constructed metaphors of the Internet found in scholarly research and theoretical frameworks may be more accurate sources on the effects of the Internet, mass media messages in popular culture are more likely to influence how people think about and interact with the Internet.

The very first metaphor to describe the Internet was the World Wide Web, proposed in 1989.  However, uncertainty surrounding the structure and properties of the Internet was apparent in the newspapers of the 1990s that presented a vast array of contradicting visual models to explain the Internet.  Spatial constructs were utilized to make the Internet appear as a tangible entity placed within a familiar geographical context.  A popular metaphor adopted around the same time was cyberspace, coined by William Gibson in his novel Neuromancer to describe the world of computers and the society that gathers around them.

Howard Rheingold, an Internet enthusiast of the 1990s, propagated the metaphor of virtual communities and offered a vivid description of the Internet as "...a place for conversation or publication, like a giant coffee-house with a thousand rooms; it is also a world-wide digital version of the Speaker's Corner in London's Hyde Park, an unedited collection of letters to the editor, a floating flea market, a huge vanity publisher, and a collection of every odd-special interest group in the world" (Rheingold 1993, p. 130).

In 1991, Al Gore's choice to use the information superhighway as a metaphor shifted perceptions of the Internet as a communal enterprise to an economic model that emphasized the speed of information transmission.  While this metaphor can still be found in popular culture, it has generally been dropped in favor of other metaphors due to its limited interpretation of other aspects of the Internet such as social networks. The most common types of metaphors in usage today relate to either social or functional aspects of the Internet or representations of its infrastructure through visual metaphors and models.

Social metaphors

Internet metaphors frequently arise from social exchanges and processes that occur online and incorporate common terms that describe offline social activities and realities.  These metaphors often point to the fundamental elements that make up social interactions, even though online interactions differ in significant ways from face-to-face communication.  Therefore, social metaphors tend to communicate more about the values of society rather than the technology of the Internet itself.

Metaphors such as the electronic neighborhood and virtual community point to ways in which individuals connect to others and build relationships by joining a social network.  Global village is another metaphor that evokes the imagery of closeness and interconnectedness that might be found in a small village, but is applied to the worldwide community of Internet users. However, the global village metaphor has been criticized for suggesting that the entire world is connected by the Internet as the continued existence of social divides prevent many individuals from accessing the Internet.

The electronic frontier metaphor conceptualizes the Internet as a vast unexplored territory, a source of new resources, and a place to forge new social and business connections.  Similar to the American ideology of the Western Frontier, the electronic frontier invokes the image of a better future to come through new opportunities afforded by the Internet.  The Electronic Frontier Foundation is a non-profit digital rights group that adopted the use of this metaphor to denote their dedication to the protection of personal freedoms and fair use within the digital landscape.  Social metaphors and their pervasive influence indicate the increasing importance placed on social interaction on the Internet.

Functional metaphors
Functional metaphors of the Internet shape our understanding of the medium itself and give us clues as to how we should actually use the Internet and interpret its infrastructure for design and policy making.  These exist at the level of the Internet as a whole, at the level of a website, and the level of individual pages.  The majority of these types of metaphors are based on the concept of various spaces and physical places; therefore, most are considered spatial metaphors.  However, this aspect should not be considered the only defining feature of a functional metaphor as social metaphors are often spatial in nature.

Cyberspace is the most widely used spatial metaphor of the Internet and the implications of its use can be seen in the Oxford English Dictionary definition, which denotes cyberspace as a space within whose boundaries digital communications take place.  The implications of this spatial metaphor in discourse on law can be seen in instances where the application of traditional laws governing real property are applied to Internet spaces.  However, arguments against this type of ruling have claimed that the Internet is a borderless space, which should not be subject to the laws applied to places.  Others have argued that the Internet is in fact a real space not sealed from the real world and can be zoned, trespassed upon, or divided up into holdings like real property.

Other functional metaphors are based on travel within space, such as surfing the Net, which suggests that the Internet is similar to an ocean. Mark McCahill coined 'surfing the internet' in an analogy with browsing a library shelf as an information space.  Websites indicate components of a space, which are static and fixed, whereas webpages suggest pages of a book. Similarly, focal points of the Internet structure are called nodes.  Home pages, chat rooms, windows, and the idea that one can jump from one page to the next also invoke spatial imagery that guide the functions that users perform on the Internet.  Other metaphors refer to the Internet as another dimension beyond typical spaces, such as portals and gateways, which refer to access and communication functions.  Firewalls invoke the image of physically blocking the incoming of information such as viruses and pop-up ads.

Designers of computer systems often use spatial metaphors as a way of controlling the complexity of interfaces.  Designers create actions, procedures, and concepts of systems based on similar actions, procedures, and concepts of other domains such as physical spaces so that they will be familiar to users.  In designing hypertext, a system that links topics on a screen to related information, navigational metaphors such as landmarks, routes, and way-finding have often been implemented for users' ease of understanding how hypertext functions.

Visual metaphors
Visual metaphors are popular in conceptualizing the Internet and are often deployed in commercial promotions through visual media and imagery. The most common visual metaphor is a network of wires with nodes and route lines plotted on a geographically based map.  However, maps of Internet infrastructure produced for network marketing are rarely based on actual pathways of wires and cable on the ground, but are instead based on circuit diagrams similar to those seen on subway maps.  The globe, or the Earth viewed from space, with network arcs of data flow wrapped around it, is another dominant metaphor for the Internet in Western contexts and is connected with the metaphor of the global village.

Many abstract visual metaphors based on organic structures and patterns are found in literature on the Internet's infrastructure.  Often, these metaphors are used as a visual shorthand in explanations as they allow one to refer to the Internet as a definite object without having to explain the intricate details of its functioning. Clouds are the most common of abstract metaphors employed for this purpose in cloud computing and have been used since the creation of the Internet. Other abstract metaphors of the Internet draw on the fractal branching of trees and leaves, and the lattices of coral and webs, while others are based on the aesthetics of astronomy such as gas nebulas, and star clusters.

Technical methods such as algorithms are often used to create huge, complex graphs or maps of raw data from networks and the topology of connections. The typical result of this process are visual representations of the Internet that are elaborate and visually striking, resembling organic structures. These artistic, abstract representations of the Internet have been featured in art galleries, sold as wall posters, used on book covers, and have been claimed to be a picture of the whole Internet by many fans. However, there are no instructions on how these images may be interpreted. The main function of these representations has sometimes been explained as a metaphor for the complexity of the Internet.

See also
Series of tubes

References

Cognitive linguistics
Internet culture
Internet terminology
Metaphors
Metaphors by type
Social constructionism


title: CIF San Diego Section

text:
The CIF San Diego Section (CIF-SDS) is the governing body of high school athletics for most of the two southernmost counties of California (San Diego and Imperial Counties), one of ten such sections that comprise the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). Its membership includes most public and private high schools in San Diego and Imperial counties.

History
Official governance for high school sports in this area began in 1913, when the Southern California Interscholastic Athletic Council (SCIAC) was formed.  Previous to that, some individual leagues dated back to the 1890s.  The first local high school football game was played at Escondido High School against San Diego High School in 1898.  The High School Athletic Association of Southern California was formed in 1904 to create a championship in the sport of track and field, precipitating the need for administering all sports. In 1914, the name was changed to the Southern Section also releasing the acronym SCIAC which was taken locally by the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference the following year.  In 1917, the CIF took over administering sports statewide and the Southern Section became a part of it.  The Southern Section was a behemoth, the largest section covering the most populated southern half of the state.  In 1935, the Los Angeles Unified School District split from the section, forming their own CIF Los Angeles City Section.  In 1960, the San Diego Section was formed by carving out San Diego County, initially taking 32 schools.  In 2000, Imperial County split from Southern Section and joined with San Diego.  In 2013 the section began organizing playoff divisions based on team strength not school enrollment.  An Open division was created for the top 8 teams in most major sports.

Sports
CIFSD sponsors the sports listed below (divisions based on school size).

Fall Season
11-man Football (5 divisions plus an open division)
Cross country (5 divisions, girls and boys)
Field Hockey (2 divisions plus an open division)
Girls Volleyball (5 divisions plus an open division)
Girls Tennis (3 divisions)
Boys Water Polo (3 divisions)
Girls Golf

Winter Season
Basketball (Boys and Girls, 5 divisions plus an open division)
Roller Hockey (Co-ed, 1 division sanctioned by the Metro Conference with other non-Metro Conference High Schools as affiliate members)
Soccer (Boys and Girls, divisions plus an open division)
Girls Water Polo (3 divisions)
Wrestling (Boys, 3 divisions and Girls)

Spring Season
Badminton (3 divisions)
Baseball (5 divisions plus an open division)
Boys Golf
Gymnastics
Lacrosse (Boys and Girls, 2 divisions plus an open division)
Softball (5 divisions plus an open division)
Swimming and diving (Boys and Girls, 2 divisions)
Boys Tennis (2 divisions)
Track and Field (Boys and Girls, 2 divisions)
Boys Volleyball (4 divisions plus an open division)

Leagues

 Avocado East League
 Avocado West League
 Central League
 Citrus League
 Coastal League
 Desert League
 Eastern League
 Freelance League
 Freelance League
 Frontier - North
 Frontier - South
 Grossmont - Hills
 Grossmont - Valley
 Imperial Valley League
 Manzanita League
 Mesa League
 Metro League
 Pacific League
 Palomar League
 South Bay League
 Sunset League
 League League
 Western League

Playoff structure
Schools are grouped into divisions, the highest being the Open division.

Commissioners
 1960–76:  Don Clarkson
 1976–96:  Kendall Webb
 1996–01:  Jan Jessop
 2001–11:  Dennis Ackerman
 2011–20:  Jerry Schniepp
 2020–present: Joe Heinz

References

External links
CIF San Diego Section Website
CIF San Diego Section on MaxPreps

High school sports in California
Organizations based in California
Sports organizations established in 1960
High school sports associations in the United States
Sports governing bodies in the United States
California Interscholastic Federation sections
1960 establishments in California
Sports in San Diego


title: Carex chichijimensis

text:
Carex chichijimensis is a species of perennial sedge of the genus Carex endemic to Chichijima Island in Japan. C. chichijimensis Katsuy belongs to sect. Graciles Tuck. ex Kük. and is a close relative of C. hattoriana Nakai which is endemic to the Ogasawara Islands. It differs from C. hattoriana in that it has larger, rather glabrous and strongly veined perigynia.

References

External links

Listed in The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol.83 No.6 (December 2008).
The Plant List is an online resource for scientific plant names of species rank.

chichijimensis
Flora of Japan
Plants described in 2008
Endemic flora of Japan


title: Rosa and Cornelia

text:
Rosa and Cornelia () is a 2000  Italian drama film directed by Giorgio Treves. For her performance Stefania Rocca won a Globo d'oro.

Cast

Stefania Rocca: Rosa
Chiara Muti: Cornelia
Athina Cenci: Piera
Massimo Poggio: Lorenzo
Daria Nicolodi: Eleonora

References

External links

2000 films
Italian drama films
2000 drama films
Films set in Venice
Italian LGBT-related films
LGBT-related drama films

2000 LGBT-related films
2000s Italian-language films
2000s Italian films


title: Ah Ulil

text:
Ah Ulil or more commonly Ulil was a Maya ruler of Izamal during the eleventh century.

Before Ulil was born his uncle, Ah Tunal saw the invasion of Chichen Itza by the Toltecs. They were led by Ce Acatl Topiltzin, referred to in Maya mythology as Kukulcan. One day Ulil was attacked by a jaguar. He managed to kill it but was seriously wounded. He was saved Ix Xail, sister of Chaka, his most serious rival at pok-ol-pok. While recovering from his wounds he worked with his uncle. Ah Tunal had the task of carving frescoes of the Toltec conquerors Ulil sculpted a jaguar. Later, Ulil's team won the Chichen Itza pok-ol-pok championship. They visited other cities. Kukulcan commissioned a statue of himself to remind the people of his rule while he was away in Tula. During this time there was a drought and Ix Xail was chosen as a sacrifice to the rain god Yum Chac. A large rain storm stopped the drought and saved her.

In 1194 Canek was the king of Chichen Itza.
The same day he was elected king he met princess Sac-Nicte. She was 15 years old, they fell in love. But Sac-Nicte was destined to marry Ah Ulil.

Legend says that a young adviser to the princess told Canek that Sac-Nicte would be waiting among green flowers.

The day of the wedding, Canek arrived with 60 of his best warriors and climbed to the altar screaming "Itzalan! Itzalan!" As if he was in the battlefield and stole the princess from the altar.
These events may have been one of the things that caused Hunac Ceel to overthrow the government of Chichen Itza.

References

Maya monarchs
11th-century monarchs in North America


title: Hasnain Qayyum

text:
Hasnain Qayyum Khan (born 15 January 1975, in Lahore) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1994 to 2000.

A right-handed batsman, Hasnain Qayyum played one Under-19 Test for Pakistan in 1993-94. He made his first-class debut for Pakistan International Airlines in the 1994-95 Patron's Trophy but, batting at various positions in the order, he scored only 135 runs in four matches and was omitted when the team reached the finals.

He was a member of the Redco Pakistan Limited team that won the non-first-class Grade II Patron's Trophy competition in 1998-99. Redco were promoted to the top level for the 1999-2000 season. They finished runners-up in the National One-day Championship that was held in September and October 1999, and when they competed in the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, beginning in late October, Qayyum was appointed captain.

Redco won three of their 10 matches and finished in the middle of Pool B, and never competed at first-class level again, but Qayyum had a personally successful season. He scored 614 runs at an average of 51.16, with a top score of 161 not out against Rawalpindi.

He played no further first-class cricket.

References

External links
 Hasnain Qayyum at CricketArchive

1975 births
Living people
Pakistani cricketers
Pakistan International Airlines cricketers
Redco Pakistan Limited cricketers
Cricketers from Lahore


title: Samurai Hustle

text:
is a 2014 Japanese jidaigeki comedy film directed by Katsuhide Motoki and starring Kuranosuke Sasaki, Kyoko Fukada and Tsuyoshi Ihara. It was released  on 21 June 2014.

It featured in the Japanese Film Festival in Australia in 2014 under the name Samurai Hustle. The film made its Los Angeles premiere at LA Eigafest 2014.

It was followed by 2016's Samurai Hustle Returns.

Cast
Kuranosuke Sasaki
Kyoko Fukada
Tsuyoshi Ihara
Yasufumi Terawaki
Yusuke Kamiji
Yuri Chinen
Seiji Rokkaku as Imamura
Tokio Emoto

Reception
The film initially grossed ¥900 million in Japan. Its final box office tally was ¥1.55 billion yen.

References

External links

2014 comedy films
Japanese comedy films
Jidaigeki films
Films directed by Katsuhide Motoki
2010s Japanese films
2010s Japanese-language films


title: Art n' Soul

text:
Art n' Soul is an American contemporary R&B group that was active in the mid-1990s. The band consisted of Sam Bostic (lead vocals, bass, and keyboards), Rodney Lattrel Evans (keyboards) and Dion Riley (drums).

Prior to forming Art n' Soul, Bostic attempted a solo career under Atlantic Records with his 1985 debut album Circuitry. After the album stalled, he turned to production for other artists such as E-40, The Conscious Daughters, 2Pac and Master P.

Tony! Toni! Toné! drummer Timothy Christian Riley helped the trio secure a recording contract with Atlantic Records subsidiary Big Beat Records to release their 1996 debut Touch of Soul. Their debut album yielded two singles: "Ever Since You Went Away" and "All My Luv".

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

External links

American contemporary R&B musical groups
Big Beat Records (American record label) artists
Musical groups from Oakland, California


title: Macon Mayhem

text:
The Macon Mayhem is an SPHL team based in Macon, Georgia that plays in the Macon Coliseum. The team was formerly the Augusta RiverHawks, which suspended operations for the 2013–14 season due to an ice-system failure at James Brown Arena.

History
The franchise originally played in Augusta, Georgia, as the Augusta RiverHawks from 2010 to 2013. Talks of relocation began in October 2013, when the RiverHawks, the city of Augusta, and Global Spectrum failed to reach an agreement on replacing the James Brown Arena's ice system at a cost of $1.2 million; additionally, the team, city officials and arena officials could not reach a settlement regarding the eight home games lost due to the ice system's failure. Team owner Bob Kerzner had not initially considered relocating to Macon; however Macon Centreplex officials had contacted the league, showing interest in bringing a team, either by expansion or relocation, to Macon. On June 17, 2014, the Macon-Bibb Commission approved a five-year deal for the RiverHawks in the Coliseum. On June 25, the RiverHawks made their move to Macon official, unveiling their new name, colors, and logo. The team did not take to the ice until the 2015–16 SPHL season to allow the team to establish its business relations and fanbase in central Georgia. On February 4, 2015, Kevin Kerr was hired as the director of hockey operations and head coach of the Mayhem.

In the Mayhem's second season, the team clinched the President's Cup, sweeping the Peoria Rivermen 2–0 in the championship series.

After the team's third season, head coach Kevin Kerr was hired by the Greenville Swamp Rabbits of the ECHL as head coach. The Mayhem then promoted assistant coach Leo Thomas as head coach for the 2018–19 season. Under Thomas, the Mayhem went 27–24–5 and lost in the first round of the playoffs in the 2018–19 season. After a 2–6–2 start to the 2019–20 season, the Mayhem released Thomas and assistant coach Ryan Michel took over.

On January 28, 2020, team officials renewed their lease with the Macon Coliseum for another five years. However, the season was then curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic in March. After Kerr was released by Greenville, he returned as the head coach of Macon in July 2020. Team owner Bob Kerzner then sold the team to a local ownership group, Georgia Pro Sports Ventures, LLC in August 2020. Kerr coached the team through the 2020–21 season and a regular season championship with a 32–6–4 record before resigning again due to personal and family reasons.

In August 2021, the Mayhem named Tulsa Oilers' assistant coach Zac Desjardins as the head coach for its 2021–22 season.

References

External links
Macon Mayhem website

Southern Professional Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Georgia (U.S. state)
Sports in Macon, Georgia
Ice hockey clubs established in 2014
2014 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


title: Jiyul (singer)

text:
Yang Jung-yoon (born July 30, 1991), better known by her stage name  Jiyul or Min Ji-yul,  is a South Korean singer and actress. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Dal Shabet.

Early life
Jiyul was born on July 30, 1991, in Seoul, South Korea. She attended Dongduk Women's University.

Career

2011–2013: Debut with Dal Shabet and solo activities

Jiyul made her official debut with her fellow members of Dal Shabet on January 3, 2011. On November 3, 2011, Jiyul became a host for SBS MTV's K-Pop 20.

Jiyul made her acting debut as a cameo appearance in Papa in 2012. She played the role of Mila, a top star Park Yong-woo's character manages, who ran away to America, forcing Park's character to go after her.

Her first major acting role was in the short film Her Story, in which she was cast as the female lead.

She participated in MasterChef Korea Celebrity which premiered on February 22, 2013.

2015: Solo activities and departure from Dal Shabet
In July 2015, it was announced that Jiyul would be acting in a web drama series called 'Yotaek', along with fellow Dal Shabet member Ahyoung and Chinese group Hit5's Gao Yu.

In December 2015, Happy Face Entertainment announced that Jiyul and Gaeun had withdrawn from Dal Shabet after their contract with the agency had officially expired, allowing Jiyul to focus on an acting career.

2016: Acting career
On October 19, 2016 Jellyfish Entertainment announced that Jiyul had been signed contract with the agency. Jiyul participated in Jellyfish Entertainment's winter project, Jelly Christmas 2016, with her label mates Seo In-guk, VIXX, Gugudan, Park Yoon-ha, Park Jung-ah, Kim Gyu-sun, and Kim Ye-won. The title track, "Falling" () was released digitally on  December 13, 2016.

Personal life
In 2013, Jiyul suffered from an ankle injury, which resulted in her not being able to join her Dal Shabet co-members in performing at the WAPOP K-Dream Concert (Wow Asia Pop, Korea Dream Concert), held on October 26.

Filmography

Film

Television drama

Variety show

Discography

As collaborating artist

References

External links

1991 births
K-pop singers
Living people
South Korean female idols
South Korean women pop singers
South Korean television actresses
South Korean television personalities
Dal Shabet members
Actresses from Seoul
Singers from Seoul
Dongduk Women's University alumni


title: January Thompson

text:
January Thompson (born January 28, 1983) is an electronic artist, singer, composer, producer and performer.

Biography
January Thompson is the daughter of Stephen Thompson and classical pianist Deanna Thompson.

She now lives, writes, and records in-between her lake house in California and Brighton, England.

Career
Thompson was signed to Quango Records (Island) in 2009 and recorded her debut album, 'Careful What You Tell The Sky', in California with producers Ramin Sakurai and Bruno Guez.  It was released on Quango in 2010 in the United States and 11 European countries. In 2011 she wrote and recorded an EP in Nottingham England with Charles Webster called
"January Tuesday", which was released on Miso Records in the same year. Also in 2011 collaborations with Supreme Beings of Leisure and Carmen Rizzo on his album, "Looking Through Leaves", was released. In 2012 she had a single "Find My Way" released on Miso Records. In 2013 she had a single on London based producer "Little People" album and toured the US in the fall of 2013.  Thompson's next solo EP is being produced by London-based 'Little People' for a 2014 release.  She is also working with Bliss on a 2015 release.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

References

External links

 Allmusic Credits

Living people
1983 births


title: Viol@

text:
Viol@ is a 1998 Italian erotic drama film directed by Donatella Maiorca.

Plot
Marta, behind the nickname "Viol@", decided to experience the thrill of virtual sex. Her interlocutor, a mysterious man named Mittler, seems to be able to please her to the point of being able to maneuver her in all respects in real life, away from the computer.

Marta then starts to live at the mercy of the mysterious caller losing her job and her social relations. After her dog Oliver dies as a result of her irresponsibility, the woman decides to break free from the trap and to find out who Mittler is.

Cast

Stefania Rocca as Marta
Stefano Rota as  Lorenzo
Rosanna Mortara as Laura
Rolando Ravello as  Chief
Ennio Fantastichini as  Mittler (voice)
Neri Marcorè as  Interviewee
Maddalena Crippa

References

External links

1998 films
Italian erotic drama films
1990s erotic drama films
1998 directorial debut films
1998 drama films
1990s Italian-language films
1990s Italian films


title: Alveopora allingi

text:
Alveopora allingi is a species of stony coral that is found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It has also been found in Palau and the Mariana Islands. It is susceptible to coral bleaching and is rated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a "vulnerable species".

Description
Colonies of Alveopora allingi adopt a variety of forms. They can be columnar or encrusting, or have a number of short irregular lobes. The polyps are crowded together, fleshy and elongated, with a crown of tentacles with somewhat inflated tips.

Biology
Alveopora allingi is a zooxanthellate species of coral. It obtains most of its nutritional needs from the symbiotic dinoflagellates that live inside its soft tissues. These photosynthetic organisms provide the coral with organic carbon and nitrogen, sometimes providing up to 90% of their host's energy needs for metabolism and growth. Its remaining needs are met by the planktonic organisms caught by the tentacles of the polyps.

Status
This coral is susceptible to coral bleaching but not particularly prone to coral diseases. It is an attractive small coral and is collected by the reef aquarium trade.  All corals receive protection by being listed on CITES Appendix II. The main threats faced by corals are related to climate change; the mechanical destruction of their coral reef habitats, increasing damage from extreme weather events, rising sea water temperatures and ocean acidification. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being "vulnerable".

References

Acroporidae
Vulnerable animals
Animals described in 1925


title: Surat Agency

text:
The Surat Agency was one of the agencies of British India in the Bombay Presidency.

History
This agency was formed in the 19th century as the Khandesh Agency, after the region of Khandesh, becoming the Surat Agency in 1880. Around 1900, the Dangs were incorporated, and in 1933, it was abolished and became part of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency.

In 1944, towards the end of the British Raj, the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency was ultimately merged with the Western India States Agency to form the larger Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency.

The headquarters of the Surat Agency were at Surat, where the Political Agent who reported to the Political Department office in Bombay, used to reside.

States
The agency included three 9-gun salute princely states and the Dangs.

Salute States
Sachin
Bansda
Dharampur

The Dangs
The Dangs were a group of small states in what is now the Dang district of Gujarat State.

See also
Western India States Agency

References

Agencies of British India
History of Gujarat
1933 disestablishments in India
1880 establishments in India
Bombay Presidency


title: Apoxpalon

text:
Apoxpalon also known of as Paxbolonacha, was a Maya merchant from the Acalan who was elected as a regional ruler of Itzamkanac, the capital in the Acalan. His election demonstrates the Chontal Maya system of raising established veterans of the trade system to high office and he was on the throne in 1525 CE.

References

Maya people


title: Nannocetus

text:
Nannocetus is an extinct baleen whale belonging to the family Cetotheriidae.

Description
Nannocetus is a diminutive mysticete measuring  long. It is characterized by the ventral orientation (in posterior view) of the postglenoid process; postglenoid process twisted medially (in ventral view) relative to the anteroposterior axis of the skull; equal projection of the ventral and dorsal lobes of the tympanic than the dorsal lobe; deeper notch separating the two lobes of the tympanic; reniform morphology of the tympanic in ventral view; lip of the tympanic slightly inflated; sub-rectilinear medial edge of the involucrum with a step in its anterior third; anterior process of the petrosal sub-triangular; thin crista transversa of the petrosal; and pars cochlearis hemispherical.

Taxonomy and classification
The holotype is UCMP 26502. It was collected from the Late Miocene (Messinian) Towsley Formation of Humphreys, Los Angeles County, California. It has been traditionally assigned to Cetotheriidae since its description, a classification that still stands and has been vindicated by recent cladistic analyses of 'cetothere' relationships.

References

Baleen whales
Miocene cetaceans
Miocene mammals of North America
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Fossil taxa described in 1929
Taxa named by Remington Kellogg


title: List of Emerson College people

text:
This is a list of notable alumni, faculty, and administrators of Emerson College, a private university located in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

Lists of people by university or college in Massachusetts
Boston-related lists


title: National Military Vehicle Museum

text:
The National Military Vehicle Museum, is an automobile museum in Edinburgh, South Australia, established in 1993.

The museum is housed in a group of historic WW2-era buildings within the Defence precinct of Edinburgh Parks and is run by the Military Vehicle Preservation Society of South Australia (MVPSSA). The museum is quite unique in the sense that a large portion of the collection's vehicles are privately owned by the members of the MVPSSA, and the majority of those are maintained in running condition and are regularly used in support of events such as the Anazc Day march, Clipsal 500 and Christmas pageants.

Vehicles range from horse-drawn equipment from WWI through to modern military vehicles. The collection has a special focus on vehicles associated with South Australia's military history and includes vehicles built in Adelaide by General Motors Holden and the Islington Railway Workshops.

Publications
The Olive Drab magazine is a monthly publication published by the MVPSSA, which covers activities of the society and the museum. It is delivered either electronically or via mail to members of the society and to other third-parties.

See also
List of museums in South Australia
List of automobile museums

External links
National Military Vehicle Museum – official site

Automobile museums in Australia
Museums in Adelaide
Military and war museums in Australia


title: Lin-ay sang Negros 2007

text:
Lin-ay sang Negros 2007, the 13th edition of the annual Lin-ay sang Negros pageant was held on April 20, 2007 at the Pana-ad Stadium. A total of 24 candidates from all over Negros Occidental joined the pageant. Lin-ay sang Negros 2006 Jan Nicole Puentebella of Bacolod City, along with Juan Miguel Zubiri and Tessie Aquino-Oreta crowned her successor, Christer Mari Taclobos of Bacolod City at the end of the event.

Final Results

Contestants

Other Significant Notes

Host
TJ Trinidad

Historical Significance
1.) Bacolod made a back-to-back win; Jan Nicole Puentebella-2006, Christer Mari Taclobos-2007.

References

Beauty pageants in the Philippines
Culture of Negros Occidental
2007 beauty pageants
2007 in the Philippines


title: Ismail Amat

text:
Ismail Amat (; ; September 1935 – 16 October 2018) was a Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, State Councillor, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

He was among the highest-ranking Uyghur politicians sitting for decades in the Central Government of People's Republic of China between 1979–2008.

Early life and career in Xinjiang
Ismail was born 1935 in Qira County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Province, Republic of China. His parents were poor Uyghur peasants. From 1952 to 1954, he took part in the land reform movement in his hometown and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1953. He rose quickly in the government of Qira and became the county magistrate in 1954 at the age of 19.

In 1960, he was selected to study in Beijing at the Central Party School of the CPC for two years. After returning to Xinjiang, he became deputy publicity head of Hotan Prefecture in 1963.

During the Cultural Revolution, Ismail was elevated to the regional government of Xinjiang in 1969 and elected to the 10th Central Committee of the CPC in 1972. From 1971 to 1979 he served as Xinjiang's party secretary (then subordinate to the first secretary) and director of its Organization Department.

In 1979, he became Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region at the age of 44. During his six-year tenure, he oversaw Xinjiang's transition to a market economy in Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening era.

Career in the national government
In 1986, Ismail was elevated to the national government and became Minister of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, a key position in charge of affairs concerning ethnic minorities, especially the Tibetans and Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. As a prominent Muslim CPC leader, he served as a mouthpiece of China's ethnic policies and condemned separatist movements. He served in the position until 1998, and concurrently as vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from 1988 to 1993. From 1993 to 2003 he also served as a vice-premier-level State Councillor. During his tenure there were multiple anti-Chinese protests in Xinjiang which were suppressed by the government. Amat supported the official policy of harshly treating ethnic separatists while promoting economic growth and stability in minority regions.

From 2003 to 2008 Ismail served as vice-chairman of the 10th National People's Congress. As one of the highest-ranking Uyghur or Muslim politicians in the history of the People's Republic of China, he frequently visited Central Asian nations and met with visiting dignitaries from Islamic countries.

After the September 11 attacks in 2001, the United States captured a number of Chinese Uyghurs in the War in Afghanistan and held them in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. China considered the Uyghur detainees terrorists and demanded that the US hand them over to Chinese custody. When the demand was refused, Ismail condemned the US in 2006.

Ismail served as a member of seven consecutive CPC Central Committees, from the 10th to the 16th, spanning 45 years.

Death
Ismail Amat died on 16 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 83. He was buried at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, Vice President Wang Qishan, Party former General Secretary Hu Jintao, other Party Politburo Standing Committee members Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng and many other top leaders attended his funeral.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
People from Hotan
Uyghurs
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Xinjiang
People's Republic of China politicians from Xinjiang
Political office-holders in Xinjiang
State councillors of China
Members of the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Members of the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery


title: Casomai

text:
Casomai (also known as If by Chance) is a 2002 Italian romantic comedy film written and directed by Alessandro D'Alatri.

Cast

Fabio Volo: Tommaso
Stefania Rocca: Stefania
Gennaro Nunziante: Don Livio
Mino Manni: Rino
Maurizio Scattorin: Fausto
: Christel
Sara D'Amario: Laura

References

External links

2002 films
Italian romantic comedy films
2002 romantic comedy films
Films directed by Alessandro D'Alatri
2000s Italian films


title: John Dart

text:
John Dart (died 1730) was an English lawyer and cleric, known as an antiquary and man of letters.

Life
Initially an attorney, but not successful in the profession, Dart  obtained a title for holy orders. In 1728, he was presented by the master of St. Cross Hospital, Winchester, to the perpetual curacy of Yateley, Hampshire. He served the church from the neighbouring village of Sandhurst, Berkshire, where he died in December 1730, and was buried on the 20th at Yateley.

Works
Dart wrote:

 A modernised version of The Complaint of the Black Knight, London, 1718; it was at that time incorrectly attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer.
 A Life of Chaucer prefixed to John Urry's edition,  London, 1721.
 A paraphrase of Tibullus, London, 1720.
 Westminster Abbey, a poem, London, 1721, later included in his Westmonasterium.
 History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Canterbury, London, 1726.
 Westmonasterium; or the History and Antiquities of the Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westminster, 2 vols. London, 1742.

Notes

Attribution

Year of birth missing
1730 deaths
English lawyers
18th-century English Anglican priests
English antiquarians


title: Blues for Red

text:
Blues for Red is a solo piano album by Paul Bley recorded in Italy in 1989 and released on the Red label in 1992.

Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars, stating: "While this is not an album that would serve well as an introduction to this wonderful performer, it will prove particularly rewarding to those who are familiar with the pianist's work and wish to observe some different facets of his playing."

Track listing
All compositions by Paul Bley
 "Blues for Red" - 8:08
 "Rear Projection" - 7:20
 "Into the Night" - 5:24
 "Above Board" - 5:50
 "Delirious Boogie" - 6:06
 "Underground" - 6:43
 "Up Hill" - 4:14
 "Latin Thing" - 5:24
 "Downtown" - 6:24
 "Late Night Blue" - 2:30
 "Baby Narrows" - 4:08
 "Capri - Cious" - 2:55
 "Solo Mio" - 3:20
 "Exit" - 0:50

Personnel
Paul Bley – piano

References

1989 albums
Paul Bley albums
Red Records albums
Solo piano jazz albums


title: Gay Liberation Monument

text:
The Gay Liberation Monument is part of the Stonewall National Monument, which commemorates the Stonewall uprising of 1969. Created in 1980, the Gay Liberation sculpture by American artist George Segal was the first piece of public art dedicated to gay rights and solidarity for LGBT individuals, while simultaneously commemorating the ongoing struggles of the community. The monument was dedicated on June 23, 1992, as part of the dedication of the Stonewall National Monument as a whole.

It is located directly across from the Stonewall Inn, at the northern end of Christopher Park, along Christopher Street in the West Village section of Manhattan, New York.

The sculpture depicts two pairs of life-like, life-size, affectionate couples made of bronze and painted white. One couple (two men) are standing, and the other (two women) are seated. It was originally commissioned in 1979 (the 10th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising) by the Mildred Andrews Fund, a Cleveland-based foundation that supports public art displays. The commission specified that the work must be installed on public land and that it "had to be loving and caring, and show the affection that is the hallmark of gay people. ... And it had to have equal representation of men and women".

Background of the Stonewall Riots, the inspiration for Gay Liberation

The Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village in June 1969 are widely remembered and commemorated as a watershed event in the movement for Gay liberation, and the later LGBT movements in New York City and worldwide. In the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, police forces raided the Stonewall Inn, located on Christopher Street in New York City. This was a common occurrence during an era when it was still illegal to serve liquor to out lesbian and gay people, and payoffs to the police and organized crime were a routine part of running a gay bar. A number of patrons were harassed by police. This was also common, but this time patrons fought back. An agitated crowd of patrons, gay street kids from the nearby park, and officers alike began to congregate on the nearby sidewalks. Patrons and street kids were shouting at the police and physically fighting back as the police tried to arrest them. A number of individuals in the crowd threw coins at the police, who wound up barricading themselves inside the bar. At some point the bar was set on fire. Over the rest of the night and into the next morning, then again every night for the following week, thousands of people marched in the streets, alternately confronting and fleeing from the cops. Out of this rebellion, several new activist groups such as the Gay Liberation Front, the Gay Activists Alliance, and Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries were formed.

History of Segal's Gay Liberation

Original plans for Gay Liberation
The original plan for Segal's commission (which was introduced on the tenth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots) was to create two separate castings of Gay Liberation and to place one of them in Christopher Park in Greenwich Village, New York City, and to place the other casting in Los Angeles. Although many legislators and city organizations endorsed its commission in Greenwich Village, many local residents opposed the plans for the monument's installation. Ultimately, New York City failed to allocate the funding necessary to complete the project. The casting that had been created for placement in Los Angeles also was not ultimately displayed because the local governing body did not approve of the work, so the project was made to be fulfilled and displayed on the campus of Stanford University in San Francisco, California, in 1984.

Gay Liberation at Stanford University
Shortly after the monument was erected at Stanford, it was brutally vandalized; the culprit(s) physically cut and jabbed into the figures' faces and bodies. It is estimated that the perpetrator(s) imposed $50,000 worth of damage to the monument. Accordingly, the monument was removed from public display.

This act of vandalism was distressing to the local LGBT community, both at the university and in the surrounding neighborhood, because the location of San Francisco itself had a large and active LGBT community at the time. The fact that this attack ensued on a university campus served as a grim reminder of the lack of safety afforded to LGBT individuals in general.

The monument was repaired and then remained in storage for over a year before being re-installed on the campus of Stanford. Approximately a year after it was displayed for the second time, it was brutally vandalized again; the perpetrators painted derogatory words onto the statues.

Gay Liberation was vandalized again in the year 1994, wherein some football players on Stanford's team splattered the monument with paint and wedged a bench in between the figures of the monument. LGBT students at Stanford openly protested against the fact that this act could not be legally deemed a hate crime, as California's definition of a hate crime consists of the violation of an individual's (rather than an institution's) natural/civil liberties.

A Brief Installation in Madison, Wisconsin
The other casting of Segal's Gay Liberation was initially placed in Orton Park in Madison, Wisconsin, where it remained from 1986 until 1991. While in Orton Park, the monument was vandalized on at least one occasion, though it was also loved and appreciated by many residents, who would apparently put scarves and hats on the sculpted figures during the winter months.

Gay Liberation in New York City
In the year 1992, New York City agreed to display Segal's Gay Liberation in Christopher Park, and it was removed from Madison, Wisconsin and placed in Christopher Park. During the dedication ceremony the following year, Segal apparently was surprised that there were no "religious protesters", as there had initially been considerable controversy over the commission of the monument by Catholic residents of New York City.

Despite the uneventful ceremony, there was still controversial discourse surrounding the monument when it was installed in New York City. In 2015, two anonymous people who self-described as, "queer, gender-nonconforming women" claimed credit for vandalizing the statues by painting their faces and hands black and dressing them with cheap wigs, bras, and scarves to protest what they called the statues' "whitewashing" of the history of Stonewall.

Criticisms
The monument has been subject to criticism from those who say it inadequately represents the diversity of the activists who participated in the Stonewall uprising. Some of the prominent participants in the Stonewall riots, such as Stormé DeLarverie and Marsha P. Johnson were both African-American and gender-nonconforming. Delarverie was a well-known butch dyke, known for performing in popular drag revues and appearing with celebrated entertainers in Harlem. Johnson, who identified as a transvestite and "street queen", modeled for Andy Warhol and performed with the drag troupes, Hot Peaches and the Angels of Light. While not as well-known, Zazu Nova, who has at times been mistaken for Johnson, was a young, Black and gender-nonconforming participant who has been cited by a number of witnesses as one of "three individuals known to have been in the vanguard" of the pushback against police once the rioting peaked late that night (Johnson and Jackie Hormona being the other two named).

Some have criticized the monument's status as a widely recognized beacon of queer freedom. Deirdre Conlon, citing the theories of French Marxist Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991), argues that representations of space are profoundly influenced by societal systems and institutions, and that representations of space can and should be fluid and open to modification. Lefebvre argued that productions of space have been "colonized" by concrete and stagnant representations that "impose an image" and thereby establish and regulate the commemoration and memorialization of a historical moment or phenomenon. Genevieve Flavelle, writing in C Magazine, questioned whether the quiet, peaceful Gay Liberation monument adequately pays homage to the revolutionary and tumultuous history of the Stonewall Riots, writing "why does the Gay Liberation monument (1980), a George Segal commission for the 10th anniversary of the Riots, depict four figures quietly socializing in Christopher Park instead of scores of drag queens throwing high heels and ripping parking meters out of the ground?"

An ongoing movement
Chris E. Vargas, the executive director of the Museum of Transgender Hirstory and Art (MOTHA), suggests it is important to narrate the Stonewall Riots as part of an active, ongoing process of LGBTQ liberation. Vargas believes Segal's Gay Liberation may not adequately represent the anti-establishment spirit of the Stonewall Riots, and questions the premise of memorializing the Stonewall Riots in a singular, static monument as this may falsely suggest that the movement is "safely placed in the past, and all the concerns of the people involved in the riots are resolved in a clean and tidy way." He suggests oral history can offer an alternative method of commemorating Stonewall, noting that within a demographic that has been historically misrepresented and heavily stereotyped, oral histories can honor a collective historical narrative from which LGBTQIA+ individuals have been historically excluded. Because many gay men were lost to the AIDS Crisis, and members of the community have been lost to suicide or were forced to live in the closet in order to preserve their safety, there has also been difficulty using oral histories to memorialize queer and trans experiences.

Segal's description of relationships in Gay Liberation

The subjects of Segal's monument are depicted with physical elements that serve to shed light upon the complexity of their relationships; both couples are exhibited locking eyes, which may be interpreted as symbolizing commitment and communion, which are aspects of same-sex relationships that are unduly excluded from their depictions in popular culture and media. Segal has apparently remarked that his sculpture tends to concentrate "...on tenderness, gentleness and sensitivity as expressed in gesture", which allows the viewer to appreciate the intimacy of the partners' relationships.

Setting in Christopher Park

Christopher Park is directly across from the Stonewall Inn, and has been at the center of the Gay liberation movement of New York City since before the Stonewall Riots of 1969, as it was already a gathering place for homeless gay street kids who slept there. In 1999, the Stonewall bar and the surrounding neighborhood streets, including Christopher Park, were placed on the New York State Register of Historic Places and added to the National Register.

Choice of Segal as artist
When Segal was first approached about the possibility of commissioning Gay Liberation, he was uncertain about accepting the undertaking, and his initial reaction was that the sculpture should be done by a gay artist. He eventually decided that he would accept the project in the name of empathy and respect to the community, saying, "I'm extremely sympathetic to the problems that gay people have. They're human beings first. I couldn't refuse to do it."

Nonetheless, some have argued that Segal should not have taken the job. Responding to this criticism, Segal jokingly acknowledged himself as "an unregenerate heterosexual", but said that his heterosexuality "did not prevent him from having an insight into the natures of his gay friends."

See also
 List of LGBT monuments and memorials

References

External links

1980 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Manhattan
Culture of Manhattan
LGBT arts
LGBT culture in California
Historiography of LGBT in New York City
LGBT monuments and memorials in the United States
Monuments and memorials in California
Monuments and memorials in Manhattan
Outdoor sculptures in California
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Sculptures of men in New York City
Sculptures of women in New York City
Stanford University buildings and structures
Statues in California
Statues in New York City
Stonewall National Monument
Vandalized works of art in New York (state)


title: Sakura Fuwari

text:
is a song by Japanese actress and recording artist Takako Matsu, released as the second single from her second album, Ai no Tobira (1998). Released on March 25, 1998, through Arista Japan, the song's lyrics were penned by Matsu and production handled by Satoshi Takebe. The single peaked at number 9 on the Oricon singles chart.

Track listing

Charts

References

1998 songs
1998 singles
Japanese-language songs
Takako Matsu songs
Arista Records singles


title: Wisconsin PGA Championship

text:
The Wisconsin PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Wisconsin section of the PGA of America. It has been played annually since 1929 at a variety of courses in Wisconsin.

Winners

 2022 Jamie Christianson
 2021 Mick Smith
 2020 Mick Smith
 2019 Ryan Helminen
 2018 Joe Leonard
 2017 Jim Schuman
 2016 Ryan Helminen
 2015 David Roesch
 2014 Patrick Steffes
 2013 Eddie Terasa
 2012 Ryan Helminen
 2011 Eddie Terasa
 2010 Ryan Helminen
 2009 Eddie Terasa
 2008 Rick Witt
 2007 Eddie Terasa
 2006 Charlie Brown
 2005 Jim Schuman
 2004 Larry Tiziani
 2003 Eddie Terasa
 2002 Jim Schuman
 2001 Jim Schuman
 2000 Dave Spengler
 1999 Dave Spengler
 1998 Chad Behrends
 1997 Bill Kokott
 1996 Doug Sheldon
 1995 Eddie Terasa
 1994 Dennis Tiziani
 1993 Eddie Terasa
 1992 Eddie Terasa
 1991 Eddie Terasa
 1990 Eddie Terasa
 1989 Bill Brodell
 1988 Eddie Terasa
 1987 Larry Tiziani
 1986 Bill Brodell
 1985 Tony Wallin
 1984 Dennis Tiziani
 1983 Steve Howe
 1982 Dennis Tiziani
 1981 Tony Wallin
 1980 Steve Bull
 1979 Roy Abrameit
 1978 Bob Brue
 1977 Bob Brue
 1976 Dennis Tiziani
 1975 Rolf Deming
 1974 Bob Brue
 1973 Bob Brue
 1972 Steve Friebert
 1971 Bob Swift
 1970 Manuel de la Torre
 1969 Eddie Langert
 1968 Bob Brue
 1967 Lou Warobick
 1966 Steve Bull
 1965 Mike Bencriscutto
 1964 Steve Bull
 1963 Lou Warobick
 1962 Roy Wallin
 1961 Mike Bencriscutto
 1960 Steve Bull
 1959 Manuel de la Torre
 1958 Randy Quick
 1957 Manuel de la Torre
 1956 Jim Milward
 1955 Manuel de la Torre
 1954 Jim Milward
 1953 Manuel de la Torre
 1952 Butch Krueger
 1951 Joe Frank
 1950 George Kinsman, Jr.
 1949 Butch Krueger
 1948 Jim Milward
 1947 Jim Milward
 1946 Butch Krueger
 1945 Hank Gardner
 1944 Francis Gallett
 1943 No tournament
 1942 Francis Gallett
 1941 Burle Gose
 1940 Butch Krueger
 1939 Burle Gose
 1938 Butch Krueger
 1937 Butch Krueger
 1936 Butch Krueger
 1935 Butch Krueger
 1934 Len Gallett
 1933 Len Gallett
 1932 Len Gallett
 1931 Francis Gallett
 1930 Floyd "Red" Leonard
 1929 Len Gallett

References

External links
PGA of America – Wisconsin section
WPGA Stroke Play Champions

Golf in Wisconsin
PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1929
PGA Championship


title: George Carter (Queensland politician)

text:
George Carter (1864–1932) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

Early life
George Carter was born in 1864 in Nelson, New Zealand, the son of Samuel Carter and Louisa née Lindsay. He attended Nelson State School.

On 17 September 1907 he married Alexandria Delia Kate Comerford in Brisbane.

Politics
Carter stood as a candidate of the Labor in the electoral district of Brisbane North in the 1907 state election, but was unsuccessful.

At the 1915 election, Carter was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly in the electoral district of Port Curtis, defeating the sitting Ministerialist member John Kessel. He won it despite claims that the local newspaper, the Gladstone Observer misrepresented his campaign speech and refused to publish a letter from him providing correct information. Carter held the seat in the 1918 election but lost the seat in the 1920 election on 9 October to the Country Party candidate John Fletcher.

However, he contested the seat again in the 1923 election and was returned on 12 May 1923, having defeated John Fletcher. He retained the seat in the 1926 election but lost it at the 1929 election to Frank Butler of the Country and Progressive National Party.

Later life
Carter died at his residence in Bardon, Brisbane on 5 October 1932. He had been in failing health for the previous few years. He was buried in the Toowong Cemetery the following day.

References

External links
  — George Carter's role in the strike of 1894

Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
1864 births
1932 deaths
Burials at Toowong Cemetery
People from Nelson, New Zealand
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
Colony of New Zealand emigrants


title: Barbara Askins

text:
Barbara S. Askins (born 1939) is an American chemist. She is best known for her invention of a method to enhance underexposed photographic negatives. This development was used extensively by NASA and the medical industry, and it earned Askins the title of National Inventor of the Year in 1978.

Early years, education and early career

Askins was born in Belfast, Tennessee, in 1939. She began her career as a teacher. After her two children entered school, Askins returned to college to complete her bachelor's degree in chemistry and earn her master's degree in chemistry. She joined NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in 1975.

Research career
Askins is a physical chemist who worked for NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and is best known for her pioneering invention of a process in which "images on developed photographic emulsions can be significantly intensified by making the image silver radioactive and exposing a second emulsion to this radiation." The resulting print, known as an autoradiograph, reproduces the image with significant increases in density and contrast. Her groundbreaking method enhanced underexposed emulsions and increased the limits of photographic detection. In short, it made visible the invisible in photos that would otherwise have been useless. This was very useful for a number of applications, including the coaxing of data from underexposed space images—such as those peering deep into space as well as those highlighting the geology of other bodies in our solar system.

Askins' invention also led to significant advances in the field of medical technology. In particular, Askins' method prompted improvements in the development of X-ray images. Medical images that were 96 percent underexposed suddenly become readable; this meant that doctors could dramatically decrease the amount of X-ray radiation they gave to patients when running routine or emergency tests. Askins' process was also later used in the restoration of old photographs. Askins patented her invention in 1978 (U.S. patent No. 4,101,780), and NASA employed it extensively for its research and development work.

Awards and professional memberships
In 1978, the Association for Advancement of Inventions and Innovations named Askins the National Inventor of the Year. She was the first individual woman to earn this honor.

Askins is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Sigma Xi honorary research Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the World Future Society.

References

20th-century American inventors
1939 births
Living people
Women inventors
American women chemists
NASA people
University of Alabama in Huntsville alumni
People from Marshall County, Tennessee
20th-century American chemists
21st-century American chemists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists


title: Alessandro D'Alatri

text:
Alessandro D'Alatri (24 February 1955 – 3 May 2023) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor. He started a career as an actor, and later he enrolled at as a successful career as a film and television director.

Life and career
Born in Rome, as a teenager D'Alatri was active as a stage and film actor and worked with Luchino Visconti, Giorgio Strehler, and Vittorio De Sica among others. In the 1970s he decided to focus on directing and, after a long apprenticeship as a director of commercials, including an award for best AD director at the 1987 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, in 1991 he directed his first feature film, Red American, for which he won the David di Donatello for Best New Director.  His next film, No Skin was both a critical and a commercial success, and received a David di Donatello, a Nastro d'Argento and a Ciak d'oro for best screenplay. His 1998 film The Garden of Eden, an apocryphal history of Jesus, was entered into the main competition at the 59th Venice International Film Festival.

In his later years D'Alatri mainly focused on television, directing some successful TV-series such as The Bastards of Pizzofalcone and Un professore, both starring Alessandro Gassmann. He also directed several music videos for notable artists such as Elisa, Laura Pausini, Renato Zero, and Negramaro. D'Alatri died on 3 May 2023, at the age of 68.

Filmography
 1991: Red American
 1994: No Skin
 1998: The Garden of Eden
 2002: Casomai
 2005: The Fever
 2006: Commediasexi
 2010:
 2017:

References

External links

1955 births
2023 deaths
Italian screenwriters
Writers from Rome
Film directors from Rome
Male actors from Rome
Italian male film actors
Italian male screenwriters
Italian television directors
Italian music video directors
Ciak d'oro winners
David di Donatello winners
Nastro d'Argento winners