title: Inge Rademeyer

text:
Inge Rademeyer is an actress and filmmaker. Born in South Africa she immigrated to New Zealand at 15. After majoring in Film, TV and Media Studies as well as Theatre and Drama at the University of Auckland, Rademeyer moved to Wellington to pursue working in the growing New Zealand film industry. She worked at Academy-Award winning VFX house Weta Digital on projects such as King Kong, Avatar and The Hobbit. During this time she also produced and starred  in a critically acclaimed independent feature film Good for Nothing with her partner - writer director Mike Wallis - also Weta Digital alumni. During post-production Oscar-winner Jamie Selkirk came on board as an Executive Producer and investor in the film

Life and career

Rademeyer was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. She immigrated to New Zealand with her family when she was 15.  She was a member of the contemporary dance company Black Grace’s UYM for 4 years.  She graduated from the University of Auckland with a degree in film and drama and having been awarded a scholarship for flair in comedy acting (Charlotte Emily Lubeck Scholarship). After university she met fiancé Mike Wallis and subsequently moved to Wellington to join him in working at Peter Jackson’s VFX company Weta Digital. After attempts at purchasing a house they both realized that they “didn’t want to buy a house” and just “wanted to make movies”. They then started making Good for Nothing  with the support of many film industry friends, family and local farmers where they shot on location in both the South Island and North Island of New Zealand.

Good for Nothing had its world premiere at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival to positive reviews and sell out screenings. Rademeyer and Wallis sold the film to a US distributor and following the theatrical release in the US Rademeyer was labeled a “lovely newcomer” by The Hollywood Reporter and “intriguingly beautiful” by Variety amongst other positive reviews for the film including Leonard Maltin, The New York Times and Ain’t It Cool News.

Leonard Maltin subsequently included Good for Nothing and Mike Wallis in The New York Times bestseller book Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide (2013 edition) as one of the “Fifty Notable Debut Features of the Past Twenty Years”.

Following the New Zealand release Good for Nothing the film received 7 nominations at the New Zealand Film Awards 2012 including Best Picture and a Best Actress nomination for Rademeyer.

Rademeyer has also appeared in Weta Workshop and Greg Broadmore’s Dr Grordborts universe as Leila Phantom in photos, video and the cover of a book. Her fans created Phantom Facts.

Her sister Ula Rademeyer is a VFX artist at Weta Digital.

Filmography

External links

References

South African film actresses
New Zealand film actresses
University of Auckland alumni
Living people
1982 births
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
New Zealand film producers
New Zealand expatriates in the United States
New Zealand women film producers


Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang'an-Tian Shan Corridor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which covers the Chang'an-Tianshan portion of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along the route.  On June 22, 2014, UNESCO designated a 5,000 km stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia as a World Heritage site. The corridor spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites.

History
In 1988, UNESCO initiated a study of the Silk Road to promote understanding of cultural diffusion across Eurasia and protection of cultural heritage.  In August 2006, UNESCO and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China co-sponsored a conference in Turpan, Xinjiang on the coordination of applications for the Silk Road's designation as a World Heritage site.  At this conference, China and five Central Asia republics, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, agreed to make a joint application in 2010.  The six countries formed a coordinating committee in 2009 to prepare for the joint-application.

On March 28, 2008, China submitted a tentative list of 48 Silk Road sites to UNESCO for consideration as cultural heritage.  These sites were divided into overland Silk Road sites in Henan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as well as maritime Silk Road sites in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou, Fujian Province.  On May 2, 2008, Iran submitted a tentative list of Silk Route sites in Khorasan Province.  On January 3, 2010, Turkmenistan submitted a list of 29 sites along 11 segments of the Silk Road.  On January 20, 2010, India submitted a tentative list of Silk Road sites divided into 12 components.  On February 19, 2010, Kyrgyzstan submitted a list of six sites and Uzbekistan submitted a list with 18 sites.  Kazakhstan's tentative list was submitted on May 3, 2012.

At the end of 2011, UNESCO proposed that due to the vast scale of the Silk Road project that the application be divided into corridors.  In December 2011, China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan agreed to jointly pursue application for one corridor from Central China across the Tianshan Range, and each country nominated one government official, one archaeologist and a national application committee.  Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan prepared to apply for another corridor.  In 2013, the application for the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor was finalized and officially submitted by Kyrgyzstan.  It contained 22 sites in China, 8 sites in Kazakhstan and 3 sites in Kyrgyzstan.  Each UNESCO member country may submit one application per year, and China had submitted an application for the Grand Canal.  The original sites proposed by China was substantially revised for this application.  Sites in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and relating to the Maritime Silk Road were removed. Chinese organizers have said that several of the sites left out of the application may be submitted in the future.

On June 22, 2014, at the 38th meeting of the World Heritage Committee in Doha, Qatar, the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor application was approved.

Sites
The Silk Road's Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor, which was approved by the World Heritage Committee in June 2014 as Site No. 1442, consists of 33 newly designated sites in China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.  The sites include capital cities and palace complexes of various empires and kingdoms, trading settlements, Buddhist cave temples, ancient paths, posthouses, mountain passes, beacon towers, sections of the Great Wall, fortifications, tombs and religious buildings.  Collectively, the 33 sites cover an area of  and have buffer zone .

The sites are categorized into four regions along the Silk Road by ICOMOS, which assessed eligibility for the World Heritage inscription:

1. Central China - ancient imperial capitals in the Central and Guanzhong Plains of China.
Luoyang City of the Eastern Han to Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang, Henan Province
Dingding Gate, Luoyang City of the Sui and Tang Dynasty, Luoyang
Hangu Pass,  Xin'an County, Henan
Shihao section of Xiaohan Route, Sanmenxia, Henan
Weiyang Palace, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province
Daming Palace, Xi'an
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
Xingjiao Temple, Xi'an
Bin County Cave Temple, Bin County, Shaanxi
Tomb of Zhang Qian, Chenggu County, Shaanxi
Maijishan Cave Temple Complex, Tianshui, Gansu Province

2. Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, connecting China Proper and Xinjiang.
Bingling Temple Grottoes, Yongjing County
Yumen Pass, Dunhuang
Xuanquanzhi Posthouse, Dunhuang
Suoyang City Ruins, Guazhou

3. North and South of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China
Qocho (Gaochang) City Ruins, Turpan
Jiaohe Ruins, Turpan
Beshbalik (Beiting) City Ruins, Jimsar County
Kizil Gaha Beacon Tower, Kuqa (Kucha)
Kizil Caves, Kuqa
Subash Buddhist Temple Ruins, Kuqa

4. Zhetysu Region of the Ili and Talas Valleys of Kazakhstan and the Chüy Valley of Kyrgyzstan
Site of Kayalyk, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Karamergen, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Talgar, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan
Aktobe, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
Kulan, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
Akyrtas, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
Ornek, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
Kostobe, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan
City of Suyab (Site of Ak-Beshim), Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan
City of Balasagun (Site of Burana), Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan
City of Nevaket (Site of Krasnaya Rechka), Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan

Other sites at the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor are the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang which had already been inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1987, and the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang which had already been inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2000.

External links
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre

References

World Heritage Sites in China
World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan
World Heritage Sites in Kyrgyzstan
World Heritage Sites in Asia


title: Phillip Schoultz

text:
Rear Admiral Philip Schöultz  is a retired Rear Admiral in the South African Navy, who served as Flag Officer Fleet.

He joined the Navy in 1972 and served on minesweeper , the destroyer  and the frigate . He then joined the strikecraft flotilla, serving as weapons officer aboard the strike craft  and as operations officer aboard  before taking over command of .

He served as SSO Personnel at the Strike Craft flotilla before being posted to Navy Headquarters in 1988. He served as SSO Surface Warfare, Sub Surface Warfare, Director Maritime Plans and Chief Director Maritime Strategy at Naval Headquarters He was promoted to rear admiral in January 2004.

He served as Chief Director Operational Development at the Joint Operations division until 2011 when he was appointed Flag Officer Fleet.

Honours and awards
He has been awarded the following:

He obtained a bachelor's degree in Military Sciences (BMil) at the Military Academy in 1975, and was awarded the Sword of Honour.

References

South African admirals
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Tax Administration Reform Commission

text:
The Tax Administration Reform Commission or TARC is committee appointed by the Government of India for giving recommendations for reviewing the public Tax Administration system of India. The Union Finance Minister had made an announcement in his Budget Speech 2013-14 for setting up of Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC) to review the application of tax policies and tax laws in India in the context of global best practices, and to recommend measures for reforms required in tax administration. Accordingly, TARC was established vide the Government of India Notification dated 21 August 2013. The term of the Commission is 18 months and works as an advisory body to the Ministry of Finance. The Commission has given its first set of recommendations to the new government. Dr. Parthasarathi Shome is Adviser (at the level of Minister of State) to the Indian Finance Minister, 2013. He was appointed Chairman of the Tax Administration Reforms Commission (TARC), Government of India (August 2013)

Mandate
 To review the existing organizational structure and recommend appropriate enhancements with special reference to deployment of workforce commensurate with functional requirements, capacity building, vigilance administration, responsibility and accountability of human resources, key performance indicators, staff assessment, grading and promotion systems, and structures to promote quality decision-making at high policy levels.
 To review the existing business processes of tax administration including the use of information and communication technology and recommend measures best suited to the Indian context.
 To review the existing mechanism of dispute resolution, time involved for resolution, and compliance cost and recommend measures for strengthening the process. This includes domestic and international taxation.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend capacity building measures for preparing impact assessment statements on taxpayers compliance cost of new policy and administrative measures of the tax Departments.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend measures for deepening and widening of tax base and taxpayer base.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend a system to enforce better tax compliance – by size, segment and nature of taxes and taxpayers, that should cover methods to encourage voluntary tax compliance.
 To review existing mechanism and recommend measures for improved taxpayer services and taxpayers education programme. This includes mechanism for grievance redressal, simplified and timely disbursal of duty drawback, export incentives, rectification procedures and refunds etc.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend measures for “Capacity building” in emerging areas of Customs administration relating to Border Control, National Security, International Data Exchange and securing of supply chains.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend measures for strengthening of Database and inter-agency information sharing, not only between Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) but also with the banking and financial sector, Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Enforcement Directorate etc. and use of tools for utilization of such information to ensure compliance.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend appropriate means including staff resources for forecasting, analyzing and monitoring of revenue targets.
 To review the existing policy and recommend measures for research inputs to tax governance.
 To review the existing mechanism and recommend measures to enhance predictive analysis to detect and prevent tax/economic offences.
 Any other issue which the government may specify during the tenure of the Commission.

External links
Second Administrative Reforms Commission
National Portal of India
Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances

References

Administrative reforms in India
Taxation in India
Tax administration


title: 2014 Indian general election in Gujarat

text:
In the 2014 Indian general election for Gujarat that were held for 26 seats in the state, the major two contenders in the state were Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). BJP won all 26 seats.

Results
BJP won all 26 seats

Results- Constituency wise

Bye-election

References

2014
Gujarat
 Indian general elections in Gujarat


title: Roepkiella thaika

text:
Roepkiella thaika is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found in southern Thailand and Vietnam.

The length of the forewings is about 10 mm. The apical and submarginal areas of the forewings are white, crossed by several wavy brown lines. The rest of the wing is light brown. The hindwings are grey with brown veins.

Etymology
The species name is derived from Russian thaika (meaning a Thai woman).

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006


title: 2014 Challenger Team Città di Padova – Singles

text:
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Máximo González won the title, defeating Albert Ramos in the final, 6–3, 6–4.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 Main Draw
 Qualifying Draw

Challenger Team Citta di Padova - Singles


title: Kang Young-sook

text:
Kang Young-sook (; born November 10, 1967) is a South Korean novelist.

Life and career

Kang Young-sook was born in 1967 in Chuncheon, Gangwon Province in South Korea and spent most of her childhood there. She was student athlete for volleyball, long jump, and other sports, before she moved to Seoul when she was 14. She majored creative writing at the
Seoul Institute of the Arts. She was the editor in chief of the Seoul Institute of the Arts journal and in 1998 made her literary debut with the short story "A Meal in August" through the annual spring literary competition sponsored by the Seoul Shinmun. Her published debut was  the short story collection ['Shaken'] in (2002) and she has also published "Every Day is a Celebration" (2004) and "Black in Red" (2009). Her full-length novel Rina (2006) was serialized in the quarterly Literary Joongang. Kang participated in the Seoul Young Writers’ Festival and the East Asia Literature Forum in 2008. Since 1990, Kang has served as an advisory member of the Korea Dialogue Academy which is involved in various social campaigns including the Christian social movement, environmental activism, and encouraging discussions between different religions. In 2009, Kang did a guest residency at the International Writing Program of University of Iowa.

Work

The Literature Translation Institute of Korea summarizes Kang's work as follows:

Her first story collection Shaken (Munhakdongne Publishing, 2002) attracted attention for capturing the female consciousness with grotesque imagination. Her second collection Every Day Is a Celebration (Changbi Publishing, 2004) dealt with the existential issues of life in a capitalist society from a broader social perspective. Her third collection Black in Red (Munhakdongne Publishing, 2009), depicts in a cool, understated tone the way in which people of the modern society come to meet and understand one another. Her fourth collection At Night He Lifts Weights(Changbi Publishing, 2011) is strongly colored by urban noir. The stories embody the anxiety of suffering city dwellers in mundane locales damaged by natural disasters. One of the stories in this collection, From Mullae won the Kim You-jeong Literary Award in 2011. The story portrays contrasting images of a female narrator living in a provincial city affected by foot-and-mouth diseases and a young artist living in a major city.

Kang's full-length of novel, Rina, the novel bigins with a scene in which twenty-two refugees cross the border. They all escape with the hope of finding a Utopia in the land of P. What awaits Rina, however, is a chemical plant in the mountains, a desert-like field of salt, an isolated village, Siring, a town of prostitutes, and a large-scale industrial complex. Rina makes desperate efforts to settle down wherever she goes, but there is no place for her to stay. The journey of Rina, in which she crosses paths with all kinds of vulgar people, whose business it is to murder and rape, and deal in human trafficking, drugs, and prostitution, is described in a unique tone of black humor, it is difficult to tell reality from illusion in this novel. In the end, Rina goes in the direction of another border, not the land of P, demonstrating the time-old struggle between nations, or borders, and humans.

Select translated works
 リナ, 吉川ナギ(Yoshikawa Nagi, translator), 現代企畵室(Gendaikikakushitsu), 東京(Tokyo), Japan, 2011.
 Truck, Jeon Seung-hee(translator), David William Hong(editor), Bi-Lingual Edition Modern Korean Literature, Seoul, Korea, 2014.
 Rina, Kim Boram(translator), Library of Korean Literature, Dalkey Archive Press, Texas, US, 2015.
 ライティングクラブ(Writing Club), 文茶影(Moon Chakage, translator),現代企畵室(Gendaikikakushitsu), 東京(Tokyo), Japan, 2017.

Awards
 2011 Kim Yu-Jeong Award
 2011 [Baek Shin-Ae Literature Award]
 2006 Hankook Ilbo Literary Award
 2017 [Lee Hyo-seok Literary Award]

See also
 List of Korean women writers
 List of Korean novelists

References

1967 births
Living people
Seoul Institute of the Arts alumni
South Korean women writers
South Korean writers
International Writing Program alumni

External links
 Kang Young-sook(Summer 2014), "Diaspora, Our Modern Fate," '_ list Books from Korea, KLTI, VOL.24.
 Rina by Kang Young-sook(Summer 2014), _list Books from Korea, KLTI, VOL.24.


title: Roepkiella artushka

text:
Roepkiella artushka is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found in southern Thailand and Vietnam.

The length of the forewings is about 11 mm. The forewings are white, with a pattern of wavy streaks. The hindwings are white, with a weak reticulate pattern at the anal angle.

Etymology
The species name is derived from Artushka, the diminishing form of Arthur, the name of the son of the author.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006


title: 1999 Mnet Video Music Awards

text:
The 1999 Mnet Video Music Awards was the first of the annual music awards in Seoul, South Korea that took place on November 27, 1999, at Little Angels Arts Center.

Leading the nominees were the boy-band group H.O.T. and solo artist Lee Seung-hwan with three each, followed by four artists including the new boy-band group g.o.d with three. By the end of the ceremony, boy-band group H.O.T., Lee Seung-hwan and Lee Jung-hyun received the most wins with two awards.

Background
The award-giving body began in this year under the name "Mnet Km Music Festival" (MKMF). During this time, it was the first and only Korean music video awards ceremony. It consists of 14 categories including the Best International Artist. The grand awards (or daesang) were Best Popular Music Video and Music Video of the Year.

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.

Special award
Planning Award – Lee Chae-hyung (이채형)

Multiple awards

Artist(s) with multiple wins
The following artist(s) received two or more wins (excluding the special awards):

Artist(s) with multiple nominations
The following artist(s) received two or more nominations:

Performers and presenters
The following individuals and groups, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.

Performers

Presenters

References

External links
 Mnet Asian Music Awards  official website

MAMA Awards ceremonies
Mnet Music Video Festival
Mnet Music Video Festival
Mnet Music Video Festival, 1999
Mnet Music Video Festival


title: CRM

text:
CRM may refer to:

Publications
 Canadian Reference Materials, certified reference materials produced by the National Research Council Canada
 Certified reference materials, controls or standards used to check the quality and traceability of products
 CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, an international standard for the exchange of cultural heritage information
 Commentarium pro religiosis (since 1920), after 1934 as Commentarium pro religiosis et missionariis (ISSN 1124-0172), journal published by the Claretians

Science and healthcare
 Caloric restriction mimetic, a substance that mimics the caloric restriction anti-aging effect
 Cardiac rhythm management, treatments of irregularities in the heartbeat
 Charge residue model, a model explaining electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry
 Cis-regulatory module, a region of DNA

Institutions and companies
 Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, a mathematics research institute in Barcelona, Spain
 Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, a Canadian mathematical research institute
 Centre for Regenerative Medicine, a Scottish stem cell research institute
 Clerics Regular Minor, a Roman Catholic religious order
 Congregatio Redemptoris Matris (Congregation of the Mother of the Redeemer), a Vietnamese Catholic religious order
 Salesforce, American software firm which trades on the NYSE as CRM

Business and management
 Cause-related marketing, also called cause marketing
 Certified resident manager, in a property
 Courtesy reply mail
 Crew resource management or cockpit resource management, an aviation training program
 Cultural resources management
 Customer relationship management

People
 Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868–1928), Scottish architect and designer
 Chittaranjan Mitra (1926–2008), or C. R. Mitra, an Indian scientist

Other uses
 Civil rights movement, US
 Cramlington railway station, UK
 CRM114 (program), an anti-spam program
 CRM 114 (fictional device), in Dr. Strangelove (1964)


title: The Cowgirl and the Dandy

text:
"The Cowgirl and the Dandy" is a song written by Bobby Goldsboro and performed by Brenda Lee. The song reached No. 10 on the U.S. country chart and No. 8 on the Canadian country chart in 1980. It was featured on her 1980 album, Even Better.

The song was produced by Ron Chancey and arranged by Bergen White.

Other versions
Goldsboro originally released the song in 1977 entitled "The Cowboy and the Lady".  It reached No. 85 on the U.S. country chart.
John Denver released a gender-reversed version of the song in 1981 entitled "The Cowboy and the Lady" that reached #50 on the U.S. county chart and #66 on the Billboard Hot 100.  It was featured on his 1981 album, Some Days Are Diamonds.
Dolly Parton included the song on her 1977 Here You Come Again album.

References

Songs about cowboys and cowgirls
1977 songs
1977 singles
1980 singles
1981 singles
Brenda Lee songs
Bobby Goldsboro songs
John Denver songs
Songs written by Bobby Goldsboro
Song recordings produced by Ron Chancey
MCA Records singles
Epic Records singles
RCA Records singles


title: Grill'd

text:
Grill'd is an Australian-owned multinational casual dining restaurant chain specialising in healthy burgers. Founded by Simon Crowe in 2004 in Hawthorn, Melbourne, the group now has over 150 restaurants.

History

The chain was originally founded after Crowe stated that he was frustrated by a lack of "decent burgers" in Australia and wanted an enticing, nutritious meal combined with the engaging service ethic he often encountered living in Milwaukee, United States while working for Fosters brewing company.

By 2006, two years after its founding, Grill'd had over 30 restaurants across Melbourne. In 2011, Grill'd launched its Local Matters program where each customer is provided a token per burger to vote for 1 of 3 restaurant-specific local community groups. At the end of each month, $500 per restaurant is donated among the three community groups, totalling over $750,000 each year in donations. As of September 2021, Grill'd have given over $6 million to over 30,000 local community groups, organisations, and projects.

Since 2010, all of the company's beef and lamb is grass-fed and free-range, and in 2016 all of their chicken became RSPCA Approved. In 2019 Grill'd launched Beyond Meat's plant-based meat-tasting pattie with a "Meat Free Day". In November 2021, Grill'd launched the Impossible Foods plant-based meat-tasting burgers.

Grill'd launched an Emu & Kangaroo burger The Coat of Arms in 2013, a rabbit burger Bunny Burger in 2017, and their Healthy Fried Chicken in 2020.

In 2019, Grill'd opened their first international restaurant, in Seminyak, Bali, Indonesia. The restaurant extended the company's Local Matters program internationally, supporting Seminyak's local community groups by sharing Rp2,500,000 with three local groups each month.

In May 2023, Grill'd opened its first halal-certified restaurant in Blacktown. The restaurant serves meat sourced from halal-certified suppliers, removes bacon from products and does not serve alcohol. In June 2023, Grill'd opened its first drive-through restaurant in Mount Ommaney.

Community and charity
The Grill'd Local Matters program started in 2011 as a way for each restaurant to support its own, local community groups. As of September 2021, the program had given back over $6,000,000 to local community groups, including over $120,000 to help tackle homelessness, and over $800,000 to health and disability groups. The program has supported over 30,000 community groups, organisations, and projects made up of local sports groups, youth organisations, educational services, animal welfare and environmental groups.

Grill'd was an early participant in Movember from 2006 to 2011, offering a free burger for anyone who grew a ‘Mo', and later became a major sponsor of Polished Man, gifting burgers to guests who donated to the cause.

Additionally, the Grill'd Relish membership program gives members a free burger after eight visits which they can take themselves, or give to those in need through the work of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, also known as Vinnies.

In 2019, with bushfires raging across Australia, Grill'd started a charity initiative on Instagram,  donating 10c for every Like the post received to the Vinnies Bushfire relief.

Grill'd then extended their efforts, matching every ace Nick Kyrgios served at the Australian Open with $200 donated to the Vinnies Bushfire Relief. The company extended its efforts again in Feb 2020, donating $2 for every burger a Relish Member bought, and another $2 for every new member signed up, raising a total donation of $236,302 for Vinnies Bushfire Relief.

Product

Quality produce
Grill'd claims to have an Australian-first sourcing promise and works with the local farmers and suppliers to keep food miles low and ensure the freshest ingredients. Since 2010, all of the company's beef and lamb is grass-fed and free-range, and in 2016 all of their chicken became the RSPCA Approved and have used free-range eggs since their inception. The Grill'd food journey is described as being from ‘farm to fingers’ offering a range of higher welfare meat options along with vegetarian and vegan options, as well as catering menu options to other dietary preferences of flexitarianism, paleo, gluten-free and low-carb. In 2017, Grill'd partnered with the RSPCA to raise awareness about the suffering of hens confined to battery cages as part of the RSPCA's End the Battery Cage campaign.

Healthy Fried Chicken
In 2020, Grill'd launched "Healthy Fried Chicken" with HFC Bites in a campaign that ‘flipped the bird  to fast food giant KFC by offering all KFC employees free HFC Bites when they visit a Grill'd store in their uniform. Following the release of HFC Bites, in 2021 Grill'd expanded its fried chicken line with HFC Burgers and publicly released its "No Secrets" recipe for consumers to see what goes into, and how to make their Healthy Fried Chicken. The Grill'd HFC Burgers are significantly lower in kilojoules per 100g than other fried chicken burgers, are high in protein and fibre, low in saturated and trans fats, an excellent source of Vitamin E, and provide at least seven essential vitamins and minerals.

HFC is all natural with no artificial colours, flavours and preservatives; are gluten-free, cooked in Australian extra virgin olive oil, made with higher welfare RSPCA approved chicken breast, and free from added hormones or chemicals.

 Plant-based vegan range
In 2019, Monday April 15, Grill'd hosted the "24 Hour Meat Cheat", serving only meat-free options to launch the Beyond Meat Burgers onto their menu.

In July 2021, Grill'd, in collaboration with the company Fable and British chef Heston Blumenthal, created three new plant-based burgers with patties from mushroom-based protein.

In November 2021, Grill'd was the first national restaurant chain to launch Impossible Foods Impossible Beef in Australia. To support the launch, Australian comedy duo The Inspired Unemployed revealed the new ‘meat' with an OnlyFans account.

 Marketing and innovation

In 2013, the Coat of Arms Burger was launched ahead of Australia Day, with all-Australian ingredients, including a meat pattie made from the two animals represented on the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the kangaroo and emu.

In 2017 Grill'd launched the ‘Bunny Burger' with a rabbit pattie to celebrate Easter. In 2018, Grill'd  revealed a new Bunny Burger made with 100% vegan ingredients.

In 2018, Three Blue Ducks' Darren Robertson created a Splendour in the Grass Burger to celebrate Byron Bay produce. The burger featured slow-cooked belly pork from Bangalow Sweet Pork  (a producer just outside of Byron), fennel and cabbage slaw with finger lime mayo, and smoked sea salt from South Australia's Eyre Peninsula. The burger was on sale in selected Grill'd restaurants around Australia until July 23, 2018, and the Grill'd Burger Park during Splendour in the Grass on July 21–23.
In 2020, to celebrate their activations at the Australian Open, Grill'd launched the Grand Slam Burger, featuring smashed avo, charred pineapple, crispy bacon, RSPCA Approved chicken breast and sweet chilli mayo. The burger was available at select Grill'd restaurants in Melbourne, and at the Grand Slam Oval and Ballpark pop-ups at the Australian Open.

In August 2020, Grill'd announced their menu of burgers, sides and sauces were all natural with no artificial colours, flavours and preservatives (with the exception of Beyond Burgers, Bacon and Vegan cheese), marked by the launch of their "100% Natural" campaign. The company worked with independent nutritionist body, Food and Nutrition Australia, to review the entire burger menu, reformulating the ingredients to remove any artificial additives and to further reduce kilojoules and sugars, resulting in 73% of their burgers providing less than a third of the daily energy intake for adults.

In 2021, Grill'd partnered with streaming service, Binge, to launch season 10 of The Walking Dead with a limited edition burger creation available in each state of Australia containing a panko crumbed and deep-fried lamb brain, in-between a charcoal bun, topped with oak leaf lettuce, tomato, rhubarb, beetroot ketchup, and dripping in a specially-made ‘brainnaise’ sauce. The burgers sold out within hours across the country and the campaign was shortlisted in the Mumbrella CommsCon Awards for Best Use of Owned Media.Partnerships & sponsorships'''

Grill'd have been a Premium Partner of the Melbourne Storm NRL Club, since 2020, and in the first year of partnership, Grill'd supported Storm on their journey to win their fourth Premiership. To celebrate the partnership, Grill'd created a Storm Burger exclusively for members and fans. Six of the Storm players had a hand in developing the perfect combination for the Storm Burger: Brandon Smith, Christian Welch, Cooper Johns, Harry Grant, Josh Addo-Carr and Ryan Papenhuyzen. Each player nominated their favourite ingredients, bringing their wish list together to design Australia's first burger created by an NRL team.

Grill'd have been the healthy eating partner of the Melbourne Boomers since the 2020 season. Boomers General Manager, Christy Collier-Hill said "we're so excited to welcome Grill'd as a team sponsor for WNBL Season 2020 and we are looking forward to a very healthy, long-term partnership.

 Sustainability
Grill'd were the first restaurant group in Australia to go plastic-straw free in 2018, saving 1.7 million plastic straws from landfill each year. All of the takeaway packaging paper and cardboard, knife sleeves and kids pack packaging is PEFC and FSC Certified which comes from sustainably planted forests; for every tree cut down, another one gets planted in its place.

In 2021, Grill'd partnered with not-for-profit environmental organisation Greenfleet as part of the company's Tree Day Tuesday initiative, aiming to plant 10 forests by 2022 that will be protected for 100 years. Every Tuesday, $1 from every burger purchased by a Grill'd Relish member goes towards planting trees, working with the Dja Dja Wurrung people to offset carbon emissions. Working with the Dja Dja Wurrung people, Greenfleet planted native trees that revegetate their area and help restore the natural ecosystem.

Grill'd was named one of Australia's top 10 brands in the 2021 Forces of Good Report, and the number 1 brand in the food category for Corporate Social Responsibility which analysed 190 brands. "We're always thinking bigger and doing better to further reduce our footprint," Grill'd said in a statement, "sustainability is a driving factor in our decision making, with everything from the local sourcing of our ingredients to the recycled furnishings in our restaurants".

Grill'd has also recycled over 660,000 litres of cooking oil to create biodiesel, and has converted 62 of its restaurants to green power.

 Controversies
In June 2015, it came to public attention that a franchise in Toowong had selected pro-life group Cherish Life to receive funds from the Local Matters program. Founder Simon Crowe apologised for the alleged mistake, stating that Grill'd is pro-choice.

The restaurant chain encountered controversy in July 2015 when allegations arose that Kahlani Pyrah, a former employee of a franchise in Camberwell, had been removed from her position after beginning a wage case with the Fair Work Commission to overturn a contract which set pay below the minimum award rate. Grill'd officially denied the allegations, claiming that her bullying of managers was the reason for the dismissal. Pyrah launched a Federal Court case in a bid to get her job back. An interim Federal Court ruling ordered Grill'd to reinstate her, allowing the wage case hearing to go ahead. At the hearing, a ruling by the Fair Work Commission forced Grill'd to raise the wages of employees at its Camberwell franchise to the minimum award rate. Jess Walsh of the hospitality union United Voice said that the ruling was an "enormous win" for Pyrah and Grill'd employees. A planned dismissal hearing at the Federal Court was called off after Pyrah and Grill'd reached an out-of-court settlement.

In 2019 serious allegations were made against Grill'd by The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age'' concerning misuse of government subsidies to reduce staffing expenses. The coverage also included allegations of serious food safety concerns at 1-in-10 company-owned Grill'd restaurants. Allegations also included franchises being mistreated by the company, and founder Simon Crowe falsifying signatures of his business partner on two liquor licenses.

See also
 List of restaurants in Australia
 List of hamburger restaurants

References

Further reading

2004 establishments in Australia
Australian companies established in 2004
Restaurants established in 2004
Fast-food chains of Australia
Fast-food hamburger restaurants
Companies based in Melbourne


title: William Splatt

text:
William Francis Splatt  (14 April 1811 – 17 October 1893) was born in Devon, England. In 1841 he emigrated to Australia and became a member of the first Legislative Council of Victoria, Australia. He returned to England a wealthy man in 1854, and became the first mayor of Torquay, Devon in 1892.

Origins
Splatt was born at Northwood Farm in the parish of Chudleigh, Devon, England, the eldest son of John Splatt (born 1780), a yeoman farmer born in Kenton, himself the son of William Splatt of Kenton, by his wife Anne. John farmed at Powderham where in 1805 he married his first wife Fanny Stokes (born 1780) at nearby Kenton Church. Following his wife's early death he moved to Northwood Farm in the parish of Chudleigh, where he remarried to Elizabeth Laskey (1784-1850), widow of Mr Yeo, by whom he had 10 children. The eldest son of this marriage was William Francis Splatt (1811-1892), baptised in Chudleigh Church.

He was educated at the well-regarded Kentisbeare School, and later worked at Chudleigh as a solicitor's clerk for Charles Langley. He later moved to Keynsham near Bristol where he became a merchant, and married Elizabeth Satterley Pinsent (daughter of Joseph Pinsent of Lettaford in the parish of North Bovey, a London merchant).

Emigration
In 1840 Splatt sailed on the 'Theresa', as an emigrant to Australia (where his brother Edmund Laskey Splatt had emigrated shortly before) together with his wife, his brother Thomas Splatt and his brother-in-law Joseph Burton Pinsent, and having arrived in the Port Phillip District in May 1841, they settled at Melbourne, where they became successful merchants and sheep farmers. He was joined the following year by his elder half-sister, Fanny Splatt (1806–1895), her husband Thomas Dolling (1810–1898), and their three children, who farmed at Merri Creek, Pentridge (later known as Coburg), Victoria. William Splatt occupied several pastoral runs on the Glenelg, Loddon and Wimmera Rivers.

He became a prominent spokesman for pastoralists, and on 5 September 1851 was elected member for Wimmera in the Victorian Legislative Council. He was sworn-in November 1851 and held the seat until resigning in April 1854.

His mother and four of her children perished in the shipwreck of the Orion paddle steamer on a voyage from Liverpool to Glasgow on 18 June 1850 on their way to join William in Australia after he encouraged them to do so. His father survived and was later buried in Kenton Church graveyard, where his gravestone survives, near the church door.

A mural monument erected by William Francis Splatt to his mother and siblings lost in the accident survives in Chudleigh Church.

Return to England
Splatt returned to Devon in 1854. He was by then a wealthy man, and rented Coombe House, the manor house of Gittisham. After moving to Brighton for a short time in the early 1860s, he purchased Abbotsford, a villa on Warberry Hill in Torquay. In 1864 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Devon, and purchased Flete House on the south coast of Devon, where he lived for twelve years, during which time he established a school in the village of Holbeton. He sold the estate in the early 1870s and returned to Torquay, where he lived at The Elms in Barton Road, Torre.

Following his wife's death in 1878 he soon remarried to the much younger Mary Gertrude Nantes, daughter of Rev. William Hamilton Nantes of Frome Vauchurch, near Dorchester in Dorset, and niece of Daniel Nantes, Vicar of Powderham 1825–1877. In 1892 at the age of 81 he was elected as the first mayor of the town of Torquay. He died on 9 November 1892, aged 81 and following an elaborate funeral was buried in Torquay Cemetery, in the grave of his first wife, marked with a large obelisk and inscribed: "William Francis Splatt - First Mayor of Torquay - Born at Northwood in the County of Devon - Died at The Elms Torquay - Full of Years and Honour".

References

1811 births
1893 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
19th-century Australian politicians
Mayors of places in Devon


title: Zambrero

text:
Zambrero is an Australian multinational fast food restaurant franchise serving Mexican cuisine.

It was founded in Canberra by then-medical student Sam Prince with the idea of using the profits to support humanitarian causes. The chain donates a meal to someone in need in the developing world for every meal purchased through their Plate4Plate program.

Zambrero is one of Australia’s largest Mexican food franchise with over 245 restaurants globally.

Locations

Zambrero opened its first restaurant in Lonsdale Street, Braddon in 2005, opening its 100th restaurant a decade later in Midland, Western Australia. Zambrero was recognised as one of Australia’s fastest growing franchises on the BRW Fastest Franchises List for 2011, 2012 and 2013 and Fast 100 List for 2014 and 2015. As of October 2019, Zambrero has 200 restaurants worldwide.

Zambrero opened its first restaurant in New Zealand in November 2014, in Dublin, Ireland in March 2016 and opened its first two restaurants in United States on 20 March 2018.

Philanthropy
In conjunction with partner organisation Rise Against Hunger, Zambrero's Plate 4 Plate initiative have donated 50,000,000 meals.

The company had shifted from an earlier goal of supplying educational resources to indigenous communities and developing countries, for which Prince had founded the E-magine Foundation in 2007, to reducing global hunger.

Accolades
Zambrero won the “Australian Business Awards Enterprise of the Year” award in 2015  and in 2016 the QSR Media “Best Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative” and “Best Sustainability Initiative” awards.  Bianca Azzopardi, CEO of Zambrero was awarded the “Rising Star” award at the 2018 QSR Media awards.

Nutrition
A 2016 study by the George Institute for Global Health, analysing 229 small meals and snacks from 25 fast food chains, found Zambrero's pork nachos to have the highest kilojoule count.

See also

List of restaurants in Australia
List of Mexican restaurants

References

Fast-food franchises
Fast-food chains of Australia
Companies established in 2003
Restaurants established in 2003
2003 establishments in Australia
Fast-food Mexican restaurants
Companies based in Canberra


title: 2014 Challenger Team Città di Padova – Doubles

text:
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Roberto Maytín and Andrés Molteni won the title, defeating Guillermo Durán and Máximo González in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–8].

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

Challenger Team Città di Padova - Doubles


title: Keelung Cultural Center

text:
The Keelung Cultural Center () is a cultural center in Zhongzheng District, Keelung, Taiwan.

History
The cultural center was inaugurated on 27 August 1985 as the Keelung City Cultural Center. On 1 December 2004, the cultural center was renamed as Keelung Cultural Center.

Architecture
The building is an 11-story multipurpose building which consists of museum, performance hall, library and other facilities. It also houses the Cultural Affairs Bureau office of the Keelung City Government.

Notable events
 42nd Golden Horse Awards

Transportation
The cultural center is accessible within walking distance east from Keelung Station of Taiwan Railways.

See also
 List of tourist attractions in Taiwan

References

1985 establishments in Taiwan
Buildings and structures completed in 1985
Cultural centers in Keelung


title: Buschmann

text:
Buschmann is  German-language surname. Notable people with the name include:

Anet-Jacqueline Buschmann (born 1982), Bulgarian rower
Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann (1805–1864), German musical instrument maker
Johann Karl Eduard Buschmann (1805-1880), German philologist
Matt Buschmann (born 1984), American baseball player and coach
Marco Buschmann (born 1977), German politician

See also
Bushman (disambiguation)

German-language surnames


title: List of Brazilian films of 1937

text:
A list of films produced in Brazil in 1937:

See also
 1937 in Brazil

External links
Brazilian films of 1937 at the Internet Movie Database

Lists of 1937 films by country or language
1937
Films


title: 1982–1992 (Cassiber album)

text:
1982–1992 (also known as The Cassiber Box) is a 2013 box set compilation album on Recommended Records commemorating the German new wave group Cassiber founded by Heiner Goebbels, Alfred Harth, Christoph Anders and Chris Cutler.

The period "1982–1992" is the defining period of activity for the band. The box comprises the 4 original Cassiber albums on three discs, remastered by the American recording engineer Bob Drake, 2 further remastered discs with the band's Cassix, Duck and Cover and Ground Zero projects, a sixth disc of unreleased studio and live material. The box also includes a 2-hour long DVD of live and studio footage, including a documentary made during the recording of the album A Face We All Know (1990), and a book.

References

2013 compilation albums
Recommended Records compilation albums


title: Northern Powerhouse Rail

text:
Northern Powerhouse Rail (NPR), sometimes referred to unofficially as High Speed 3, is a proposed major rail programme designed to substantially enhance the economic potential of the North of England. The phrase was adopted in 2014 for a project featuring new and significantly upgraded railway lines in the region. The aim is to transform rail services between the major towns and cities, requiring the region's single biggest transport investment since the Industrial Revolution. The original scheme would have seen a new high-speed rail line from Liverpool to Warrington continuing to join the HS2 tunnel which it would share into Manchester Piccadilly station. From there, the line would have continued to Leeds with a stop at Bradford. The line was intended to improve journey times and frequency between major Northern cities as well as creating more capacity for local service on lines that express services would have been moved out from.

However, in 2021, the Johnson government significantly curtailed the scheme in the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands (IRP). Under the IRP the existing lines  to Warrington from Liverpool will be upgraded, using the southern Liverpool–Manchester line. Instead of building a dedicated high speed line to Leeds via Bradford the scaled back scheme will only provide dedicated high speed rail track from Manchester as far as Marsden, West Yorkshire, where the line will join the upgraded TransPennine line to Leeds via Huddersfield.

In July 2022 the House of Commons Transport Committee expressed concern that the evidence base for the IRP was insufficient and made a number of specific comments. These included that

In October 2022, early on in her short-lived Premiership, Liz Truss said that her government's plans for Northern Powerhouse Rail meant a full new high-speed rail line all the way from Liverpool to Hull with a stop at a new station in Bradford. The succeeding government said in its November 2022 financial statement that only the 'core' parts of NPR would be funded. The project is classified as an England and Wales project, facing criticism from some Welsh politicians.

NPR forms part of High Speed North, the overarching proposal that includes improvements to both roads and rail. These developments are designed to improve transport connections between major northern English cities and transport hubs, including Liverpool, Manchester, Manchester Airport, Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield, Doncaster, Sheffield, York, Newcastle and Hull, as well as other significant economic centres.

History

Background

The High Speed North project aims to improve public transport journey times between the major cities in the North of England. Present-day rail connections between cities such as Liverpool, Manchester and Leeds are slow compared to commuter journeys across Greater London. By improving transport connections, it is proposed that commuters will be able to travel to work more freely, allowing these cities to compete together as one large single economy, rather than competing against one another. The NPR scheme is promoted by the combined public transport authority Transport for the North (TfN) and, according to analysis by TfN, currently fewer than 10,000 people in the North can access four or more of the North's largest economic centres within 60minutes. This could rise to around 1.3 million once High Speed North is fully delivered.

A plan to improve rail journey times in northern England, the Northern Hub, or, as currently called, the Great North Rail Project, was developed from a 2009 scheme to improve the rail network around Manchester. Schemes to improve the Leeds–Manchester line speed by 2014 were included in Network Rail's CP5 improvements, with an aim to reduce Manchester–Leeds journey times by 15minutes. In 2011, the approximately £290million electrification of the trans-Pennine Manchester–Leeds line was given funding. Work started on the electrification in 2013.

HS3 name

NPR has often been referred to in the press as "High Speed 3" or "HS3", in reference to the development of high-speed rail in the United Kingdom. The first high-speed railway line to be built in Britain was High Speed 1 (HS1), the route connecting London to the Channel Tunnel, which opened 2003–2007. The southern phase of a second high-speed line named High Speed 2 (HS2) is currently being constructed and is scheduled to come into service in the late 2020s. The HS3 designation implies the development of a third high-speed rail route.

Historically, the use of the term High Speed 3 has been loose—the House of Lords' Economic Affairs Committee (March 2015) stated that there was no firm definition of the route implied by HS3:

In June 2014, at a speech given at the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry, the incumbent Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, proposed a high speed rail link between Leeds and Manchester; the line would utilise the existing route between Leeds and Manchester, with additional tunnels and other infrastructure. Osborne argued that the northern cities' influence was comparatively less than London's and that the link would promote economies of agglomeration.

Osborne suggested the line should be considered as part of a review of the second phase of High Speed 2. Initial estimates suggested a rail line with a  line speed, and Leeds–Manchester journey times reduced to 30minutes. Osborne estimated the cost to be less per mile than that of HS2, giving a cost of under £6billion. Initial responses to the proposal were mixed: Jeremy Acklam of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) suggested that planners should look at connecting other northern cities such as Liverpool, and potentially North East England via York; commentators noted that the proposal could be viewed as an attempt to gain political support in the north of England in the run-up to the 2015 general election: the Institute of Economic Affairs characterised the proposal as a "headline grabbing vanity project designed to attract votes". The British Chambers of Commerce, Confederation of British Industry and others were cautiously positive about the proposal, but emphasised the need to deliver on existing smaller scale schemes.

Support and development
On 5 August 2014, an alliance of six city councils—Leeds, Liverpool, Hull, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne and Sheffield—unveiled an initial regional transport plan linking their cities called 'One North'. This plan incorporated a new  trans-Pennine high speed rail link connecting to the northern branches of HS2 at Manchester and Leeds (30-minute journey time), together with other regional rail developments, and the bringing forward of the construction of the northern part of HS2, as part of a regional transport plan including other road, intermodal port, and rail freight improvements. The estimated cost of the high-speed Manchester–Leeds rail link was circa over £5bn, with a proposed completion date of 2030; the entire project was costed at £10bn to £15bn. George Osborne attended the project launch, and provided his backing for the project. A report Rebalancing Britain published by High Speed Two Limited in late 2014 also acknowledged the need for improved east–west transportation links in northern England, and recommended the progressing of the schemes in the 'One North' report.

On 20 March 2015, the Department of Transport published plans for transport infrastructure improvements in the north of England, including proposals by the TfN working group; the TransNorth report proposed a number of options for improved rail links between Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle and Hull with line speeds up to . The proposals included new-build routes between the major northern cities, with cost estimates from £5bn to £19bn, and estimated journey times of one half to two thirds of current routes; alternative upgrades of existing routes were costed in the £1bn to £7bn range, and had lesser journey time reductions, of the order of 10–15minutes; the proposals were in addition to existing High Speed 2 route options for Liverpool and Sheffield-Leeds. The development options were planned for Network Rail Control Period 6 (2019–24).

In March 2016, the newly established governmental advisory body, the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC), chaired by Lord Adonis, reported on transport infrastructure projects in the north of England. It recommended bringing forward HS3 proposals, beginning with the Manchester–Leeds section. The NIC's report, High Speed North stated that "It takes longer to get from Liverpool to Hull by train than to travel twice the distance from London to Paris". It also recommended collaboration between TfN and HS2 Ltd on the design of the northern parts of HS2; and on the design of the improved Manchester Piccadilly station, together with Manchester City Council and other rail bodies. The Report suggested the development of a HS3 link after the completion of Network Rail's £2bn trans-Pennine electrification upgrade (scheduled to take place between 2015 and 2022, leading to 40-minute journey times). A report by Arup commissioned by the NIC studied additional improvements on the Manchester–Leeds route, focussing on the Diggle route (via Huddersfield) utilising disused track plus new-build tunnels, and identified potential journey time savings of between 1 and 10minutes. A preliminary study by Network Rail did not rule out that the aspirational Leeds–Manchester journey time of 30minutes could be achieved on the Calder Valley route. TfN's aspirational Manchester–Manchester Airport and Leeds–Sheffield journey times were identified as being achievable by the HS2 scheme, with modifications to through running to Sheffield city centre. At the 2016 Budget, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, endorsed the general proposals by the National Infrastructure Commission for a high speed line between only Manchester and Leeds, with an aim of reducing journey times to 30minutes between the two destinations.

In August 2016, the Institute of Public Policy Research urged the Government to prioritise HS3 over HS2.

In August 2017, the former chancellor, George Osborne called for the Government to commit to NPR following backing of Crossrail 2 and scrapping of electrification schemes in July 2017.

Later development

Transport for the North is developing the NPR programme and is considering how the network forms part of the existing and future rail network of the north. £60M of funding was provided to generate plans for a route by 2017.

In October 2017, the then Chancellor Philip Hammond allocated £300M to future-proof junctions between NPR and HS2, to allow east–west services to use HS2 infrastructure. Later in the same month, it was proposed that an underground station for  should be built to accommodate the new services of up to eight trains per hour; an underground station would require less building work and still provide good links to HS2.

In December 2017, TfN announced a proposal for a new project called NPR. On 16 January 2018, TfN released their draft 30-year Strategic Transport Plan of staged developments for northern England. It included NPR with proposals for
 a new line between Liverpool and the HS2 Manchester Spur via Warrington
 capacity at Manchester Piccadilly station for around eight through services per hour
 a new Trans Pennine rail line that connects Manchester and Leeds via Bradford (which currently has no through station, see below)
 significant upgrades along the corridor of the existing Hope Valley line between Sheffield and Manchester via Stockport
 Leeds to Sheffield delivered through HS2 Phase 2B and upgrading the route from Sheffield
 Leeds to Newcastle via HS2 junction and upgrades to the East Coast Main Line
 significant upgrades to existing line from Leeds to Hull (via Selby) and Sheffield to Hull (via Doncaster)

The outcome of the consultation on the draft Strategic Transport Plan should be an Outline Business Case, that was to have been submitted by the end of 2018.

At Manchester Piccadilly, it is likely a new NPR station will be needed and options include a new underground station or a new surface turnback station. Between Manchester and Sheffield, TfN is currently looking at whether it can upgrade the existing line or whether a new line will be needed. Again, a Strategic Outline Business Case for NPR was to have been completed by the end of 2018, which was then delayed until 2020. This was then further delayed until the publishing of the Integrated Rail Plan (IRP) in November 2021. As well as a through station for Bradford, there have been calls for an additional station at Rochdale on the new line between Manchester and Leeds.

NPR is being developed in addition to planned improvements including the Great North Rail Project. HS2 Ltd and Network Rail have been commissioned by TfN to prepare engineering and costing studies on a range of rail infrastructure options. This could involve new and upgraded rail infrastructure. In addition to serving the six previously identified centres, work is also underway to develop options to serve Other Significant Economic Centres (OSECs). Options for NPR stations will also promote and integrate with masterplans and wider spatial plans, including Leeds Station and Manchester Piccadilly.

In March 2019, it was announced a new commission had been established to plan a new £6bn city centre station in Liverpool to accommodate HS2 and NPR services.

In July 2019, the then Prime Minister Boris Johnson pledged to fund the Leeds to Manchester section of the NPR route as a first stage of NPR. It was also revealed that the plans would be published in the Autumn 2019, after the review of HS2 had concluded. However, in September 2019, the NPR minister Jake Berry MP stated that a possible underground interchange at Manchester Piccadilly would inflate the cost of the project and lead to an offset of spend somewhere else on the project: "...spending an extra £6bn on that [Manchester Piccadilly underground] means we have to find £6bn that we won’t spend somewhere else - and that might be putting in the parkway station in Bradford. The people of Bradford, if they want to get to Leeds or Manchester, [would] have to get in their car and what we have to absolutely be doing is stopping people getting in their car."

The site of a new through station at Bradford has been earmarked to be located on the current St James' Market, itself built upon the former Adolphus Street station site. The current food market, which is said to have outgrown the site, would be moved elsewhere. There has been no detail of exactly how the railway lines would access the station, however, the railway part of Bradford Interchange would close.

On 17 March 2023, the project was classified by HM Treasury as an "England and Wales" project, although no infrastructure for the project would be in Wales. As a result of the classification, Wales would not receive a Barnett consequential of funding, estimated to be £1 billion, unlike Scotland and Northern Ireland. The UK Government said it would state the benefits in "due course" and it is "responsible for heavy rail infrastructure across England and Wales", therefore it spends the money directly for Wales rather than provide funds to the Welsh Government. Plaid Cymru described the decision as a push of "blatant lies", that the project "harms the Welsh economy" and that rail infrastructure should be devolved to Wales. The Welsh Liberal Democrats stated it is "very clearly not [an] England and Wales" project. The Welsh Government stated it should be classed as "England-only" and the current classification was "wrong".

Summary of options
In the Technical Annex to the IRP the TfN proposals that had been considered were summarised as three options.

The IRP chose Option 1.

Curtailment
In November 2021, the proposals were substantially curtailed with the publication of the Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands (IRP). It contained the proviso that:  It announced the cancellation of the eastern leg of the HS2 project, and that NPR would be slimmed down. The NPR line would now be built as a new high-speed line between Warrington, Manchester and . The rest of the line would be developed on existing routes, from Liverpool to Warrington using the southern Liverpool–Manchester line and from Marsden to Leeds using the TransPennine line.

The benefits of this plan compared to the previous proposals are stated as being that it would:
 deliver benefits sooner, including decarbonisation of the Transpennine corridor;
 deliver improvements to transport between Leeds and Bradford sooner;
 provide improved connectivity within West Yorkshire;
 offer better value for money;
 allow for a more staged construction schedule;
 if a third track is provided between Marsden and Huddersfield, it would support hourly freight paths, and once gauge clearance had been achieved, an hourly off-peak freight path;
 journey times to London and across the NPR core network will be similar to or faster than the original HS2 and NPR plans.

This announcement met with anger and disappointment from the Board of Transport for the North. However, they expressed a desire to work with the government. They laid out a number of criticisms.
 the plan would not deliver the long-term changes needed to level up the North’s economy.
 sharing capacity between inter-city, regional, local and freight services produces substantial operational problems and risks.
 the plan would only provide eight fast trains per hour between Leeds and Manchester compared with the twelve provided by TfN's preferred option.
 the proposed line upgrades would cause much greater disruption than constructing new lines.
 as the seventh most populous local authority area in England, Bradford would continue to have no direct rail access to Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle, Hull or Manchester Airport.
 as a key destination, Liverpool has insufficient capacity with just Lime Street Station.
 the limitation of six trains per hour on the East Coast Main Line could be removed by re-opening the mothballed Leamside line.
 it is important that connectivity is improved between (a) Sheffield and Leeds; (b) Sheffield and Manchester; (c) Sheffield and Hull; (d) Leeds and Hull; (e) and that Hull and the East Riding are reconnected to the Transpennine Main Line
 electrification should be reinstated as part of improved East West decarbonised freight and passenger connectivity.

Doubt has been cast on the magnitude of the reduction in journey times claimed.

See also
 High speed rail in the United Kingdom
 Huddersfield Line
 Manpool
 Northern Hub
 Northern Powerhouse
 The Northern Way
 TransPennine Route Upgrade
 UK Ultraspeed
 Woodhead line

References

Sources

Proposed railway lines in England
High-speed railway lines in the United Kingdom
Northern England
Rail infrastructure in the United Kingdom


title: Health care in Mozambique

text:
After its independence from Portugal in 1975, the Mozambique government established a primary health care system that was cited by the WHO as a model for other developing countries. Over 90% of the population had been provided with vaccination. During the period of the early 1980s, around 11% of the government budget was targeted on health care. The Mozambique civil war led to a great setback in the primary health system in Mozambique. RENAMO's attack on government infrastructures included health and education systems from 1980 to 1992.

Health policy
Domestic health policy initiatives have begun making their own contributions to improvements in the country's health care, as well as through collaboration with international aid. In 2005, the Government of Mozambique formulated the National Public Investment plan – a nationwide initiative towards poverty reduction and social development. Likewise, in 2015 the Government of Mozambique released Agenda 2025, which highlighted the goals for the country's long term social and economic growth as a framework for international aid partners around the world.

In 2013, an integrated three-year plan for improved and expanded investment in public programming was implemented, including public health programming. This plan, along with a medium term expenditure framework and a strategic health sector plan laid forth a plan for the country to develop, monitor, and evaluate poverty reduction and social progression initiatives.

Through the duration of these and more social programming in Mozambique post-civil war, an emphasis was placed on improving dispersion of resources for the prevention and treatment of Mozambique's most prevalent health challenges, as well as towards improvement in public health education initiatives as a means of prevention.

Substantial improvements in access to healthcare facilities has been made since the turn of the century, with increased governmental expenditure on health, increased funding towards the staffing and training of health facilities throughout the country, and a decrease in the population per clinic average by more than 50% from 1997 to 2007.

Medicines
The  National Health Service depends on external financing to pay for medicine. There is considerable reliance on foreign non-governmental organizations. There is a small private sector in urban areas, and there are still traditional medicine practitioners.   In the National Health Service prescribable medicines must be included in the National Medicine Form or in the List of Essential Medicines.  Hospital medicine, some basic medicine and medicines distributed by Community Health Workers are free.  Medicine dispensed by the primary care network in rural areas is charged at a standard rate of 20 Mozambican metical per prescription. The  National Regulatory Authority of Medicines was established in 2017.  The State Pharmacies Company runs community pharmacies.  There is a black market and counterfeit medicine is circulated. The country has one of the lowest proportions of clinicians in the world.  A National Health Service has been established, but only extends to about half the population. Those who can afford to often seek medical attention in South Africa.

History

The Healthcare System in Mozambique has adopted various policies over the years in accordance with fluctuations in the health status of the population. Mozambique has experienced civic conflict, natural disasters, and more – all of which have contributed to the health challenges that the country has faced historically and in present day. One staunch divider of Mozambican history is the Civil War, which raged from 1975 to 1992. This period in history is also useful in defining periods of change in the country's health care administration.

Very little research on the subject of health in pre-colonial Mozambique exists today. However, according to historian Mario Azevedo, it has been agreed upon by experts in the field that collective national initiatives in health were not seen in Mozambique prior to the arrival of the Portuguese. Shortly after Vasco de Gama set foot on East African soil in the 15th century, colonization of the country began alongside Catholic intervention. For the next 400 years, it is suspected that like many fellow Sub-Saharan African colonies, Mozambique's health facilities were run by European Catholic missionaries in the area. The Chicuque Rural Hospital opened in 1913.

Prior to the commencement of the Mozambican Civil War in 1975, the country had already been facing conditions of hardship since the 1960s. During this time, the country was plagued with violence and poverty in accordance with its struggle for independence from Portugal. Although very little is known about health initiatives in Mozambique throughout the nearly twenty-year period of violent conflict post-independence, it is known that period acted as a precursor and risk factor for many of the most prevalent health challenges the country faces today, due to the infrastructural health, environmental health, and social health impacts of war.

Post Civil War
When the Mozambican civil war concluded in 1992, the country began making progress towards recovery through domestic and international aid initiatives.

One of the most notable international aid interventions was the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, sponsored by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. In 1996, this initiative began helping governments reduce the debt they were incurring through public health spending, effectively encouraging them to promote these healthy initiatives in their countries. With the aid of this initiative, federal expenditure on health care was able to increase from US$4.6 billion in 1997, to US$7.5 billion in 2002.

The funds that governments saved with the help of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative was left in the hands of poverty-reduction strategy papers (PRSP), whose primary responsibility was to ensure access of the poor to social resources - like health care - food security, and government transparency. In Mozambique, two specific initiatives the PRSP pushed were (1) increasing community knowledge surrounding health challenges, diseases, and resources; and (2) preventing and slowing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases around the country through public health campaigns that increased public knowledge about modes of transmission and personal protection against STDs.

See also Health in Mozambique

Hospitals
In 2019, there  were 1,579 medical facilities in Mozambique.   Besides hospitals, other facilities included rural and urban health centers.  In 2020, the government of Mozambique announced plans to build 49 new district hospitals.

References

Moz
Hospitals in Mozambique


title: Roepkiella loeffleri

text:
Roepkiella loeffleri is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found in Vietnam.

The length of the forewings is about 18 mm. The forewings are dark at the veins and light between them. The hindwings are black
with a narrow light border.

Etymology
The species is named in honour of S. Loeffler.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006


title: Eastern bent-wing bat

text:
The eastern bent-wing bat, (Miniopterus fuliginosus) is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It is found in South Asia, Far-east Asia, the east Caucasus Mountains and also in Southeast Asian regions.

Description
They exhibit long and narrow wings, high wingspans and low wing loadings, which enable quick and long flights. Head and body length is  and the forearms are  long with a wingspan of .

Color varies from reddish brown to dark blackish brown above, with the underparts being lighter. The wing membrane is blackish brown. Fur is dense and soft, long above and short below. The ears are small and the cheeks are hairless below the eyes.

A study done on echolocation on Eastern bent-wing bats showed that, "Seven of the colonies had very similar peak frequencies, while only one colony was significantly higher than the others (Zhang, et al 2018)". The similarity that was seen between the seven colonies was due to "Frequent dispersal and migration (Zhang, et al 2018)".

Taxonomy
This species was once considered a subspecies of the common bent-wing bat, but now it has been accepted that the eastern bent-winged bat and Australasian bent-winged bat are two separate species.

References

Mammals of Sri Lanka
Mammals of India
Miniopteridae
Mammals described in 1835
Bats of Asia
Taxa named by Brian Houghton Hodgson


title: Mahlab Cabinet

text:
Mahlab Cabinet may refer to
 First Mahlab Cabinet, active from March–June 2014.
 Second Mahlab Cabinet, active from June 2014-March 2015.
 Third Mahlab Cabinet,  active from March-September 2015.

See also
 Ibrahim Mahlab


title: João de Deus (actor)

text:
João de Deus Seta, most known as João de Deus (1883–1951), was a Portuguese actor who worked mainly in Brazilian films.

Biography
Born in Trás os Montes, Portugal, he began working as a professional actor for the theatrical company Dias Bragas in Rio de Janeiro. After moving to Arthur Azevedo company, he acted in the Giuseppe Lablanca's 1908 film Os Estranguladores, considered the first Brazilian fiction film. He also acted in revues, later creating his own company in 1918. Subsequently, he acted in Luiz de Barros' films Alma Sertaneja and Ubirajara, and directed O Guarani (1922). In the 1920s, he focused his work on revues, returning to cinema in the 1930s, acting in films like Caçando Feras (1936), O Descobrimento do Brasil (1936), E o Circo Chegou (1940), O Cortiço (1945), and O Malandro e a Grã-fina (1947). He died in 1951.

References

External links

Portuguese male film actors
Portuguese emigrants to Brazil
Brazilian male film actors
1883 births
1951 deaths


title: Wang Yun-wu Memorial Hall

text:
The Wang Yun-wu Memorial Hall () is a memorial hall in Da'an District, Taipei, Taiwan, dedicated to Wang Yun-wu, the former Vice Premier of the Republic of China.

Transportation
The building is accessible within walking distance west from Technology Building Station of Taipei Metro.

References

Tourist attractions in Taipei
Buildings and structures in Taipei


title: Kye Yong-mook

text:
Kye Yong-mook (September 8, 1904 – August 9, 1961) (Hangul: 계용묵) was a South Korean writer.

Life

Kye Yong-mook, was born Ha Taeyong on September 8, 1904, in Seoncheon, Pyeonganbuk-do, Korea.  Kye was educated at Sambong Public Normal School and took his collegiate education at Toyo University in Japan. Kye's first published work was the poem “The Shattered Schoolroom” (Geulbang-i kkae-eojyeo) which was published in the youth magazine New Voice (Sae sori) in 1920. In 1925, Kye won the Coming of Age (Saengjang) literary contest with his poem “O Buddha and Divine Spirits, Spring has Come.”

Kye transferred his attention to short fiction with the publication in  1927 of “Mr. Choi” (Choi seobang) in Joseon Literary World (Joseon mundan), after which he never returned to writing poetry. Like many authors of the era including Yi Sang, he was imprisoned by the Japanese colonial government in August 1943 on charges of “displaying inadequate reverence for the emperor.”After Korean Liberation, Kye struggled to maintain a non-partisan position in the atmosphere of growing ideological strife in the Korean literary world. Kye died in 1961 in the middle of serializing the novel Seolsujip in the journal Contemporary Literature (Hyeondae munhak). His story, Adata the Idiot, was also made into a movie by director Im Kwon-taek.

Work

The Literature Translation Institute of Korea summarizes Kang's work:

Kye Yongmuk’s early works of fiction ... evince the influence of socialist thought. Both depict the plight of tenant farmers under vicious exploitation by landlords. When Kye Yongmuk returned to the literary world after a hiatus, however, it was no longer from the leftist perspective that he approached his subject matter. “Adada, the Idiot” (Baekchi Adada), published in 1935, clearly bears the marks of this shift. A story of a mentally handicapped woman, the text offers a critique of contemporary social mores and the all-encompassing pursuit of material gain, but the economic question is reduced to the level of basic human greed rather than analyzed in terms of class conflict. In subsequent works, Kye Yongmuk began to focus more on the art of writing and appealed to mysticism and complex symbology. Desire for material possessions continued to be deplored as the root of much evil in such stories as “Chicken Painted on Folding Screen” (Byeongpunge geurin dagi), “Geumsun and the Chicken” (Geumsuni wa dak), and “The Pack Horses Driver” (Mabu), but the characters in these texts find that they have no choice but to accede to this desire in order to maintain their livelihood. Rather vague in tone, these works differ from his earliest stories in that they lack historical awareness and portray common people merely as objects for contemplation. Nonetheless, they reveal increasing refinement of Kye Yongmuk’s artistic technique, a trend that continues in his post-Liberation works, including “Counting the Stars” (Byeoreul henda), “The Wind Still Blows” (Barameun geunyang bulgo), and “Water Cicadas” (Mulmaemi). Kye Yongmuk is remembered as a writer who contributed (primarily in 1930s) to stylistic, technical and formal refinement of the modern Korean short story.

Works in Korean (partial)
 “Mr. Choi”
 “The Landlord with a Human Aspect”
  “Adada, the Idiot”
  “Chicken Painted on Folding Screen”
 “Geumsun and the Chicken”
 “Counting the Stars"
 “The Wind Still Blows”

References

1904 births
Korean writers
1961 deaths
Suan Gye clan


title: Australasian bent-wing bat

text:
The Australasian bent-wing bat (Miniopterus orianae) is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae.  It is found in Australia and in Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy
The Australasian bent-wing bat was described as a new species in 1922 by British zoologist Oldfield Thomas.
The holotype had been collected on 9 July 1922 by Oriana F. Wilson, widow of Antarctic explorer Edward Adrian Wilson.
Thomas named the species Miniopterus orianae. This species was once considered a subspecies of common bent-wing bat. It is now accepted that the Australasian bent-winged bat and the Eastern bent-winged bat are two distinct species.

The Australasian bent-wing bat has three subspecies: M. orianae bassanii (the southern bent-wing bat), M. o. orianae (the northern bent-wing bat), and M. o. oceanensis (the eastern bent-wing bat).

Ecology
It is known to harbor the blood parasite Polychromophilus melanipherus, though one study found that bats with the blood parasite did not appear to suffer deleterious effects such as anemia or low body weight.

Range and habitat
M. orianae bassanii only occurs in southwestern Victoria and southeastern South Australia.
M. orianae oceanensis occurs widely along the east coast of Australia.
M. orianae orianae was first documented in Casurina Bay, which is  from Darwin, Northern Territory.

Conservation
One of the subspecies (M. orianae bassanii) has been evaluated as critically endangered in Australia under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 since 2007.
M. orianae oceanensis is listed as vulnerable in Victoria, as it is only known from one maternity cave.

References

Bats of Australia
Mammals of Indonesia
Miniopteridae
Mammals described in 1922
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas


title: Sundacossus timur

text:
Sundacossus timur is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Yakovlev in 2006. It is found on  Flores.

The length of the forewings is about 26 mm. The forewings are grey with a distinct pattern of dark strokes. The hindwings are uniform dark-grey.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 2006


The 12455 / 56 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bikaner Superfast Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Northern Railway zone that runs between Delhi Sarai Rohilla and  in India.

It operates as train number 12455 from Delhi Sarai Rohilla to Bikaner Junction and as train number 12456 in the reverse direction serving the states of Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan.

Coaches

The 12455 / 56 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bikaner Superfast Express has 1 AC 1st Class cum AC 2 tier, 2 AC 2 tier, 3 AC 3 tier, 5 Sleeper Class, 5 Unreserved/General and 2 end-on-generator coaches. It does not carry a pantry car

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

Service

The 12455 / 56 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bikaner Junction Superfast Express covers the distance of  in 14 hours 35 mins averaging  in both directions.

As the average speed of the train is above , as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

Routing

12455 / 56 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bikaner Junction Superfast Express runs from Delhi Sarai Rohilla via , , , Sri Ganganagar Junction, ,  to Bikaner Junction.

This train is different from the 12458/57 Bikaner–Delhi Sarai Rohilla Superfast Express which is operated by North Western Railways and runs via  utilising ICF coach.

Traction

As the entire route is fully electrified, a Ghaziabad -based WAP-7 locomotive powers the train for its entire journey.

Timings

12455 Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Bikaner Superfast Express leaves Delhi Sarai Rohilla on a daily basis and reaches Bikaner Junction the next day.

12456 Bikaner–Delhi Sarai Rohilla Superfast Express leaves Bikaner Junction on a daily basis and reaches Delhi Sarai Rohilla the next day.

References

 http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130415/bathinda.htm
 http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=58155

External links

 https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1552564951029-PR%20140319-II.pdf
 https://nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1409058251093-PR%20260814-I.pdf

Transport in Delhi
Transport in Sri Ganganagar
Transport in Bikaner
Express trains in India
Rail transport in Delhi
Rail transport in Haryana
Rail transport in Punjab, India
Rail transport in Rajasthan


title: Long Day's Journey into Night (disambiguation)

text:
Long Day's Journey into Night is a play by Eugene O'Neill.

Long Day's Journey into Night may also refer to:

Films
Long Day's Journey into Night (1962 film), American adaptation
Long Day's Journey into Night (1973 film), British television adaptation
Long Day's Journey into Night (1982 film), television adaptation starring Ruby Dee
Long Day's Journey into Night (1987 film), television adaptation starring Jack Lemmon, Bethel Leslie, Peter Gallagher and Kevin Spacey
Long Day's Journey into Night (1996 film), Canadian adaptation
Long Day's Journey into Night (2018 film), Chinese film unrelated to the play

Television episodes
"Long Day's Journey into Night", 1986 season 2 Growing Pains episode
"Long Day's Journey into Night", 2014 season 2 Devious Maids episode
"Long Day's Journey", 2003 season 4 Angel episode


title: Hans Höglund

text:
Hans Yngve Höglund (23 July 1952 – 4 October 2012) was a Swedish shot putter. He competed in the 1976 Olympics and finished eighth. Höglund set his personal record of 21.33 m in Provo, Utah, United States, while winning the 1975 NCAA Championships for the University of Texas, El Paso. This results remains the Swedish national record. He also won three consecutive Swedish (1974–76) and NCAA titles (1973–1975).

References

External links

1952 births
2012 deaths
Swedish male shot putters
Olympic athletes for Sweden
UTEP Miners men's track and field athletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics


title: The Boat Race 1920

text:
The 72nd Boat Race took place on 27 March 1920.  Generally held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames.  As a result of the First World War, this was the first race for six years: Oxford went into the race as reigning champions, having won the previous race held in 1914. Both universities had participated in various Peace Regattas in 1919.  In this year's race, umpired by former rower Frederick I. Pitman, Cambridge won by four lengths in a time of 21 minutes 11 seconds.  The victory took the overall record to 39–32 in Oxford's favour.

Background
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues").  The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the  Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London.  The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and worldwide.  Oxford went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1914 race by four and a half lengths, and led overall with 39 victories to Cambridge's 31 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).

The First World War caused a six-year hiatus in the event: during the conflict, at least 42 Oxbridge Blues were killed, including four of the previous race's Cambridge crew and one from the Oxford boat.  No race was arranged for 1919, but the crews participated in the Peace Regatta at the Henley Royal Regatta that year.  Taking part in the King's Cup, Cambridge were defeated by the Australian Army crew in the semi-final, the latter going on to defeat Oxford in the final.  The Light Blues also took part in the Inter Allied Peace Regatta in Paris the same year, victorious in the final against New Zealand and Australia crews.

Oxford were coached by R. W. Arbuthnot (who had rowed for Cambridge four times between 1909 and 1912), Harcourt Gilbey Gold (Dark Blue president for the 1900 race and four-time Blue) and E. D. Horsfall (who had rowed in the three races prior to the war).  Cambridge's coaches were Steve Fairbairn (who had rowed in the 1882, 1883, 1886 and 1887 races) and Sidney Swann (who had rowed in the previous four races). For the twelfth year the umpire was Old Etonian Frederick I. Pitman who rowed for Cambridge in the 1884, 1885 and 1886 races.  He was accompanied on his launch by Prince Albert and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.

Crews
The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 9 lb (80.1 kg),  per rower more than their opponents.  As a result of the six-year hiatus, none of the participants had rowed in the Boat Race prior to this year.  Three of the participants in the race were registered as non-British: Oxford's Hugh Cairns and Neil Harcourt MacNeil, and Cambridge's John Alan Campbell were all Australian.

Race

Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford. The race started at 5:40 p.m. with a fair tide in front of "immense crowds"; The Times reported that the attendance was the largest in the race's history despite a rainstorm an hour before the race start.  Both crews rowed 38 strokes and were level for the first minute until Cambridge, slightly reducing their rating began to pull ahead, holding a canvas-length lead by the Mile Post.

As the crews passed below Hammersmith Bridge, the Light Blues held a three-quarter length lead and with the bend in the river in their favour, pulled further ahead to be a quarter of a length clear by The Doves pub.  Facing a strong headwind, Oxford pulled in behind Cambridge and attempted a "bold bid for the inside of the Barnes corner".  Cambridge spurted in response and passed below Barnes Bridge three lengths ahead, and extended their lead to four lengths by the time they passed the finishing post in a time of 22 minutes 11 seconds.  According to author and former Oxford rower George Drinkwater, Cambridge "rowed and in nice easy fashion" while Oxford "were very uneven at times and the crew seemed to labour badly in the rough water."  It was Cambridge's second consecutive victory, albeit over a six-year span, and took the overall record in the event to 39–32 in Oxford's favour.

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Official website

1920 in English sport
The Boat Race
March 1920 sports events
1920 in rowing


title: Wittocossus mokanshanensis

text:
Wittocossus mokanshanensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Franz Daniel in 1945. It is found in China (Zhejiang, Yunnan, Hubei, Sichuan), Thailand and Vietnam.

The length of the forewings is 26–28 mm. The forewings are dark, with a pattern of wavy dark stripes. The basal areas are uniform grey. The hindwings are dark grey.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1945


title: Beijerinckia

text:
Beijerinckia  is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

Beijerinckia is a free living nitrogen-fixing aerobic microbe. It has abundant of nitrogenase enzyme capable of nitrogen reduction.

Beijerinckia is named after M.W. Beijerinck, the Dutch microbiologist (1851–1931).

References

Beijerinckiaceae
Bacteria genera
Martinus Beijerinck


title: Pillkukayna

text:
Pillkukayna (other spellings Pilco Kayna, Pilcocayna, Pilko Kaina, Pilkokaina, Pillco Kayma) is an archaeological site on the shore of the island of Isla del Sol in the southern part of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia.  It is situated in the La Paz Department, Manco Kapac Province, Copacabana Municipality.

See also
 Chinkana
 Iñaq Uyu

References

Archaeological sites in Bolivia
La Paz Department (Bolivia)


title: Stevns Klint

text:
Stevns Klint, known as the Cliffs of Stevns in English, is a white chalk cliff located some  southeast of Store Heddinge on the Danish island of Zealand. Stretching  along the coast, it is of geological importance as one of the best exposed Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundaries in the world. Subject to frequent erosion, the cliff rises to a height of up to . Because of its exceptional fossil record, Stevens Klint was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014.

Geology

The cliff reveals sections from the uppermost part of the Maastrichtian stage (72 to 66 million years ago), known as the Tor Formation and from the lowermost part of the Danian stage (66 to 62 million years ago); the Danian-aged rocks are known as the Rødvig Formation and the Stevns Klint Formation. The lower strata from the cliff are from the Cretaceous and are composed of soft chalk, indicating a relatively deep marine depositional environment. The dark layer of , mainly five to ten centimeters thick, clearly marks the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. The  is enriched in iridium, a fact used as an argument for the Alvarez hypothesis that the worldwide Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction was caused by the impact of an asteroid. Following the boundary is a layer of darker clay and chalk between 10 and 30 cm thick, corresponding to a period of low biological diversity on the sea floor immediately after the K-Pg Boundary. The layers can also be seen deep in the tunnels of Stevnsfortet, a cold-war fortress constructed in 1953. The upper layers of the cliff consist of bryozoa chalk and were deposited during the early Paleogene. The bryozoa chalk in the cliff is highly shock resistant to both conventional and nuclear weapons.

Paleontology
Stevns Klint contains a remarkably detailed and complete fossil record of the biota in Northern Europe during the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene. The Cretaceous chalk at Stevns Klint contains more than 450 species of macrofossils and hundreds more species of microfossils. The lower Paleogene layers are similarly rich in microfossils, containing many species of millimeter-long suspension feeders. A wide variety of benthic foraminifera species have been identified from the Cretaceous and Paleogene, with significant differences in abundance across the K–Pg boundary demonstrating the biotic turnover that occurred during the mass extinction event. Corbulamella, a bivalve known as a pioneer species, dominate the strata immediately after the boundary layer. In total, over 830 species of macrofauna have been identified from Stevns Klint. These include bryozoans, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, crustaceans, and the remains of some larger animals like sharks.

Stevns Klint was the first known site to document the short-term survival of ammonites into the Paleogene, when they were originally thought to have gone extinct at the K-pg boundary.

Cold War museum
In 2008 Cold War Museum Stevns Fortress opened to the public. It features a large exhibition of military equipment and a 1.5-hour guided tour in the large underground system of the fortress. The underground system of the fortress features  of tunnels, living quarters and command centers, including a hospital and a chapel. There are also two ammunition depots for its two  cannons. The tunnels are  below the surface, dug deep into the chalk of Stevns. The top-secret fortress was built in 1953 and remained operational until 2000.

Højerup Church

The old Højerup Church (Højerup Gamle Kirke) which stands at the top of the cliff dates from the year 1200. As a result of erosion, a landslide in 1928 caused the chancel to collapse and fall to the shore below. The cliff can be accessed via steps from the church. A new church completed in 1913 is located  back from the cliff.

UNESCO listing
On 23 June 2014 it was announced that Stevns Klint and the Wadden Sea had been added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in Denmark.

See also
 Møns Klint

Explanatory notes

References

External links

  Official website

Cliffs of Denmark
Coastline of Zealand
Geology of Denmark
Museums in Region Zealand
Stevns Municipality
Tourist attractions in Region Zealand
World Heritage Sites in Denmark


title: Goal of the Dead

text:
Goal of the Dead is 2014 French horror comedy directed by Thierry Poiraud and Benjamin Rocher; written by Tristan Schulmann, Marie Garel Weiss, Quoc Dang Tran, Ismaël Sy Savané, and Laetitia Trapet; and starring Alban Lenoir, Charlie Bruneau, Tiphaine Daviot, Ahmed Sylla, and Alexandre Philip as association football players and fans who must battle zombies when the entire stadium becomes infected.

Plot
When a former local star returns home to play a match, he receives a hostile welcome.  One of the local players is injected with infected steroids before the match, and he goes on a violent rampage.  The stadium quickly turns into a massacre, and virus spreads to both players and spectators.  The few uninfected humans battle to survive against the bloodthirsty zombies.

Cast
 Alban Lenoir as Sam Lorit
 Charlie Bruneau as Solène
 Tiphaine Daviot as Cléo
 Ahmed Sylla as Idriss Diago
 Bruno Salomone as Marco
 Patrick Ligardes as Coubert
 Xavier Laurent as Manu Litrac
 Sebastien Vandenberghe as Jeannot
 Alexandre Philip as Pitt
 Philippe Rebbot as Fred
 Sarah Suco as The gruff woman

Release
Goal of the Dead premiered 27 February 2014 in France, where it was released as two separate films.  The two films were later combined for its festival screenings.  International theatrical release dates are expected to coincide with the 2014 FIFA World Cup in June.  It was scheduled to be released on home video in the UK on 7 July 2014.

Reception
Jordan Mintzer of The Hollywood Reporter called it an "amusing and gory" film that suffers for its length.  Andrew Pollard of Starburst rated it 8/10 stars and wrote, "Despite its ludicrous-sounding plot, Goal of the Dead is a massively enjoyable movie."  Ben Bussey of Brutal as Hell called it "a perfectly entertaining film" that is "far longer than any light-hearted comedy horror movie really needs to be".

References

External links

2014 films
2014 comedy horror films
French comedy horror films
French association football films
Zombie comedy films
2014 comedy films
2010s French films