title: Sharifah Aini

text:
Biduanita Negara Datuk Sharifah Aini binti Syed Jaafar  (2 July 1953 – 5 July 2014), better known by her stage name Sharifah Aini, was a Malaysian singer, known as Biduanita Negara or "National Songstress" after the late Salmah Ismail (Saloma). She won first place in the Radio Television Singapore (RTS) talentime contest "Bintang RTS" competition in 1968, singing "Tiga Malam". She was famously known as Kak Pah.

In Malaysia, she was one of the most enduring artistes to have recorded with the EMI Malaysia. As a tribute, her name was recorded in the Malaysian Book of Records for her contribution.

Personal life
Sharifah was born on July 2, 1953, in Nee Soon, British Malaya to a Malaysian parent. She grew up and started her singing career  in Malaysia located at Kampung Melayu Majidee, Johor Bahru.

Discography

First Era (EP) Album
Seri Dewi Malam (EP – 1970)
Kekasih Pujaan (EP – 1970)
Aku Dan Dia (EP – 1971)
Perasaanku (EP – 1972)
Pahit Manis (EP – 1972)
Jangan Tinggalkan Daku (EP – 1972)
Adat Lama Jangan Dilupa (EP – 1973)
Inikah Manusia (EP – 1973)
Dia Terlupa (EP – 1973)
Kau Telah Disampingku (EP – 1974)
Jangan Putarkan Laguku (EP – 1974)
Sedangkan Lidah Lagi Tergigit (EP – 1974)
Permintaan Terakhir Dan Rahsia Hati (EP – 1975)
Manis Manis (EP – 1975)
Surat Dari Seberang (EP – 1977)

First Classical Era Album (1970s)
1972 – Dari Hati Ke Hati
1973 – Kenanglah Daku
1974 – Cahaya Keinsafan
1975 – Irama Cintaku
1976 – Sharifah Aini
1977 – Inilah Laguku
1977 – Forever And Ever
1978 – Inilah Laguku 2
1979 – Lela Manja
1979 – Inilah Laguku 3
1979 – Women in Love

Sensational Era Album (1980s)
1980 – Lagu-Lagu Pujaan (10 tahun – Kompilasi)
1980 – Just For You
1980 – Malam
1981 – Rasa Sayang (Feeling Of Love)
1981 – Harum Dalam Kenangan
1982 – Rahsia Hati
1982 – Collection Plus 2 (Kompilasi)
1983 – Irama Dari Sekeping Hati
1984 – Suara Kedamaian
1984 – He is Beautiful To Me
1984 – Cahayaku
1985 – Dari Masa Hingga Masa 1 Dan 2 (Kompilasi)
1985 – 16 Lagu-Lagu Terbaik Sharifah Aini (Kompilasi)
1986 – Kau Yang Bernama
1987 – The Best Of Sharifah Aini (Kompilasi)
1987 – Kasih
1988 – pilihan Sentimental Emas (Kompilasi)
1988 – Sharifah Aini

1990s album
1991 – Kenangan Manis Vol 1 (Kompilasi)
1992 – Kenangan Manis vol 2 (Kompilasi)
1993 – Koleksi Klasik (Kompilasi)
1994 – Sharifah Aini
1995 – Seraut Wajah Semerdu Suara (Album Live)
1996 – Selamanya (Kompilasi)
1996 – Pilihan Klasik Aidilfitri (Album Kompilasi Raya)
1997 – Nostalgia Aidilfitri
1998 – Yayadan
1998 – Dewi Sukma (Album Kompilasi Sharifah Aini dan Uji Rashid)
1999 – Takkan Melayu Hilang Dunia
1999 – Seri Dewi Sharifah Aini
1999 – Dari Jauh Ku Pohon Maaf (Album Kompilasi Raya)

Millennium Era album
2000 – Seribu Mawar
2000 – Dewi Intan (Inilah Laguku 1 & Inilah Laguku 2 – Terbitan semula 2 dalam 1)
2000 – Di Pintu Ampun...Menjelang Syawal (Album Raya)
2001 – Kenangan Istimewa Sharifah Aini Dan Broery Marantika (Album Khas Sharifah Aini dan Broery Marantika)
2001 – Alunan Sukma (Sharifah Aini dan Sudirman – Album Khas Trdisional Sharifah Aini dan Allahyarham Sudirman Haji Arshad)
2002 – Seri Dewi Malam: A Love Story (Album Kompilasi)
2002 – Woman In lLove (Album Kompilasi Inggeris Sharifah Aini)
2003 – Syahdu
2003 – Anugerah Datuk Sharifah Aini (Album Kompilasi)
2003 – Datuk Sharifah Aini: Syawal 1424 (Album Kompilasi Raya Datuk Sharifah Aini)
2004 – Koleksi Memori Datuk Sharifah Aini (Album Komplasi)
2005 – Memori Hit Sentimental Datuk Sharifah Aini (album Kompilasi)
2005 – Bukan Cinta Biasa
2006 – Timeless (Datuk Sharifah Aini – Album Kompilasi)

Hari Raya Albums
1973 – Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri
1977 – Bergembira Di Hari Raya (Menampilkan dialogue bersama Hail Amir, Uji Rashid dan Datuk D J Dave)
1984 – Deli Aidilfitri
1988 – Salam Aidilfitri
1997 – Nostalgia Aidilfitri
1999 – Dari Jauh Ku Pohon Maaf
2000 – Di Pintu Ampun...Menjelang Syawal
2003 – Datuk Sharifah Aini: Syawal 1424

Movie Soundtracks
1975 – Permintaan Terakhir
1976 – Hapuslah Air Matamu
1980 – Sumber Ilhamku
1981 – Bintang Pujaan

Filmography

Film

Death
Sharifah Aini died on July 5, 2014, at Damansara Specialist Hospital, Damansara Utama in Selangor due to lung fibrosis at the age of 61. She was buried at the Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery, Kuala Lumpur.

Honours

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service (PJN) – Datuk (2003)
  :
 Companion of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SMJ) (1983)

References

1953 births
2014 deaths
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian people of Arab descent
Malaysian women pop singers
Malay-language singers
People from Johor
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian world music singers
Commanders of the Order of Meritorious Service
Companions of the Order of the Crown of Johor


title: Suzelia

text:
Suzelia coccinea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Suzelia. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1879.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1879
Monotypic beetle genera


title: Tomobrachyta

text:
Tomobrachyta is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Tomobrachyta jenisi Adlbauer, 2001
 Tomobrachyta nigroplagiata Fairmaire, 1887

References

Dorcasominae


title: Tennessee State Route 225

text:
State Route 225 (SR 225) is a  north–south secondary state highway located in West Tennessee. It connects Hornsby with Henderson.

Route description

SR 225 just east of Hornsby at an intersection with US 64 (SR 15) in McNairy County. It winds its way north to enter Chester County and pass through wooded and hilly terrain, along with the communities of Woodville, Masseyville, Hickory Corners, and Montezuma. The highway then comes to an end near Henderson at an intersection with SR 100. The entire route of SR 225 is a rural two-lane highway.

Major intersections

References

225
Transportation in McNairy County, Tennessee
Transportation in Chester County, Tennessee


title: Toxitiades

text:
Toxitiades is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Toxitiades russus (Fairmaire, 1893)
 Toxitiades sericeus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
 Toxitiades subustus (Fairmaire, 1893)
 Toxitiades vinosus (Fairmaire, 1893)

References

Dorcasominae


title: Ram Hari Subedi

text:
Ram Hari Subedi () is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Kavre–2 seat at the CA assembly, 2013 from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).

References

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Khas people
Members of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly


title: Charlie Holt

text:
Charlie Holt (July 17, 1922 – March 17, 2000) was an American ice hockey coach. He was the head coach of  the University of New Hampshire from 1968 thru 1986. He is one of three 3-time recipients of the college ice hockey National Coach-of-the-Year Award (the others being Len Ceglarski and Jack Parker).

Career
Holt began coaching men's ice hockey immediately after graduating from Dartmouth in 1946. He spent one year each at Cranbrook Schools and Melrose High School before joining the US National Team for the 1949 World Ice Hockey Championships helping the Americans to a bronze medal finish, their first medal since the start of World War II. A few years later Charlie found himself behind the bench for Northwood School where he would remain as head coach from 1955-1962 before he got his first collegiate offer.

Holt's college head coaching career began just after he turned 40 in 1962–63 when he took over at Colby College. At the time the Mules were competing in the 28-team ECAC Hockey mega-conference as a Division I program but, two years later when the conference was split, Colby was placed in the Division III league and had competed as such ever since. While Holt wasn't able to lead Colby into the postseason while they were a D-I team, once they dropped down into the lower division he got them to three ECAC playoff appearances in four seasons. After Rube Bjorkman departed New Hampshire to take over the top job at North Dakota the Wildcats announced Holt as their head coach starting with the 1968–69 season.

Holt started his career in Durham off with a bang, earning the Wildcats a 22-win season as well as their first conference postseason appearance. Despite falling in the first round to Harvard Holt was awarded the Spencer Penrose Award by the American Hockey Coaches Association. Holt continued to have great success with New Hampshire over the next several years, recording winning seasons in each of the following ten campaigns, making the ECAC postseason tournament nine times in that span and winning both the regular season and conference tournament title once. Even after recording his first losing record with New Hampshire in 1979–80 season Holt brought the Wildcats back to prominence two years later with three consecutive 20-win seasons and two straight NCAA tournament berths. The returns began to diminish, however, once New Hampshire left the ECAC to become a founding member of Hockey East. In the first year Holt recorded only his second losing season with the Wildcats followed by a 5-win campaign, New Hampshire's worst record in over three decades. Holt stepped down after the 1985–86 season, allowing long-time assistant Bob Kullen to take over.

After taking a few years off Holt returned to his old stomping grounds of high school hockey when he was named as the head coach for Berwick Academy. He stayed in that position for seven years before retiring for good in 1996. In 1997 Holt was inducted into the US Hockey Hall of Fame. On March 17, 2000 Charlie Holt died as a result of cancer, He was survived by his wife Nancy and their two children: Brad and Brenda. Holt has received several posthumous honors, including being inducted into both the New Hampshire (2002) and Massachusetts (2006) Hockey Halls of Fame and being named the 2010 Hobey Baker Legend of College Hockey.

Head coaching record

College

See also
List of college men's ice hockey coaches with 400 wins

References

External links

1922 births
2000 deaths
American ice hockey coaches
Colby Mules men's ice hockey coaches
High school ice hockey coaches in the United States
New Hampshire Wildcats men's ice hockey coaches
Sportspeople from Melrose, Massachusetts
Ice hockey coaches from Massachusetts
Ice hockey people from Middlesex County, Massachusetts


title: Trichroa

text:
Trichroa oberthuri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Trichroa. It was described by Fairmaire in 1892.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1892
Monotypic beetle genera


title: Rissik Street Post Office

text:
The Rissik Street Post Office was built in 1897 during the time of Paul Kruger. Built and designed by President Paul Kruger's architect Sytze Wierda the Post Office was at one time the tallest building in Johannesburg.

The Post Office became a national monument in 1978, and it remained in operation until 1996 when the South African Post Office vacated the building. The monument was gutted by a fire in 2009. The reconstruction with an estimated cost of R147-million began in 2016.

References

External links

Bank buildings in South Africa
Buildings and structures in Johannesburg


title: Trypogeus

text:
Trypogeus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Trypogeus albicornis Lacordaire, 1869
 Trypogeus apicalis Fisher, 1936
 Trypogeus aureopubens (Pic, 1903)
 Trypogeus barclayi Vives, 2007
 Trypogeus cabigasi Vives, 2005
 Trypogeus coarctacus Holzschuh, 2006
 Trypogeus fuscus Nonfried, 1894
 Trypogeus javanicus Aurivillius, 1924
 Trypogeus sericeus (Gressitt, 1951)
 Trypogeus superbus (Pic, 1922)

References

Dorcasominae


title: House of Vigil

text:
The House of Vigil  is a noble family that first began in the Kingdom of Asturias around the 5th to 8th century. The family originated from the Asturian countryside as watchmen, gradually rising in prominence until they were one of the first families to achieve titles of nobility.

The Vigils produced two dukes of the Spanish Empire—Antonio Francisco Pimentel de Zúñiga y Vigil de Quiñones (10th Duke of Benavente), Francisco Alonso Pimentel Vigil de Quiñones Borja Aragón y Centelles (11th Duke of Benavente), and one president of the Federal Republic of Central America—Diego Vigil Cocaña.

Sources

External links
 the Spanish Archives of New Mexico from archive.org
 A HISTORY OF CORRALES from the Village of Corrales Historic Preservation Committee


title: Tsivoka

text:
Tsivoka is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Tsivoka peyrierasi Villiers, 1982
 Tsivoka simplicicollis (Gahan, 1890)
 Tsivoka testaceipes (Fairmaire, 1889)

References

Dorcasominae


title: Villiersicus

text:
Villiersicus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Villiersicus fulvus Vives, 2005
 Villiersicus longicornis Vives, 2005

References

Dorcasominae


title: Xanthopiodus

text:
Xanthopiodus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Xanthopiodus angulicollis Fairmaire, 1897
 Xanthopiodus hiekei Vives, 2001

References

Dorcasominae


title: Zulphis

text:
Zulphis subfasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Zulphis. It was described by Fairmaire in 1893.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1893
Monotypic beetle genera


title: Apatophysis

text:
Apatophysis is a genus of longhorn beetles in the subfamily Dorcasominae.

Species
BioLib includes:
subgenus Angustephysis Pic, 1956
 Apatophysis danczenkoi Danilevsky, 2006
 Apatophysis farsicola Sama, Fallahzadeh & Rapuzzi, 2005
 Apatophysis margiana Semenov & Barovskaya, 1935
 Apatophysis modica Gahan, 1906
 Apatophysis plavilstshikovi Miroshnikov, 1992
subgenus Apatophysis Chevrolat, 1860
 Apatophysis afghanica Miroshnikov, 2014
 Apatophysis anatolica Heyrovský, 1938
 Apatophysis baeckmanniana Semenov, 1907
 Apatophysis barbara (Lucas, 1858) - type species
 Apatophysis caspica Semenov, 1901
 Apatophysis centralis Semenov, 1901
 Apatophysis kashgarica Semenov, 1901
 Apatophysis komarovi Semenov, 1889
 Apatophysis mongolica Semenov, 1901
 Apatophysis pavlovskii Plavilstshikov, 1954
 Apatophysis serricornis Gebler, 1843
 Apatophysis sieversi Ganglbauer, 1887
 Apatophysis sinica Semenov, 1901

References

Dorcasominae


title: Glen Evans

text:
Thomas Glendwr Gardner "Glen" Evans  (22 April 1936 – 24 August 2016) was a New Zealand politician. He served as the mayor of Lower Hutt from 1986 to 1995.

Biography

Early life and family
Born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England, on 22 April 1936, Evans was the son of New Zealand parents. In the wake of the Great Depression his father, an engineer, had gone to England to find work, and later served in the Colonial Service in Ceylon. Evans was educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School, and went on to study at the University of Otago and Victoria University College, graduating BA, LLB from the latter institution in 1962. In 1959 Evans married Barbara Cunningham, and the couple went on to have three sons. He was a member of the Jaycees and was a winner of the Jaycees national debating championship. From 1963 he was a lawyer in practice, first with the commercial law firm Chapman Tripp then as a partner with the firm Agar, Keesing and Evans. In 1979 he became a Wellington partner in the national firm of Buddle Findlay until he resigned in 1986.

Political career
At the 1971 local elections he stood as a candidate for the Lower Hutt City Council on mayor John Kennedy-Good's Combined Team ticket, but was unsuccessful. Evans was elected as a Lower Hutt City Councillor on a Citizens' ticket in 1974. Initially he was successful but his position was tenuous, finishing sixteenth for the sixteen positions available and only 28 votes ahead of the next candidate. However, following the counting of special votes, he was confirmed as elected increasing his 28 vote lead to 69. After one term on the council he did not stand for re-election in 1977. He also served on the Stokes Valley Licensing Trust and organised for the Stokes Valley swimming pool to be built.

In 1986 he returned to the political arena when he was selected as the Citizens' ticket nominee for the mayoralty to succeed Kennedy-Good who was retiring. This caused a split in the ticket with Gerald Bond, a councillor and chairman of the Hutt Valley Energy Board, forming a "combined progressive" electoral ticket after losing the nomination to Evans. Evans won the mayoralty at the 1986 election and his United Citizens ticket won in a landslide with majority of councillors. He defeated Labour councillor Alister Abernethy with Bond placing a distant third for mayor and lost his council and energy board seat. All of his ticket (which included several incumbents) were defeated. Evans was expecting a closer result and had thought Bond would be a close second. His legacy achievements from the beginning of his mayoralty included flood protection schemes along the Hutt River, the replacement of the Ewen Bridge and a new ring-road system.

During his second mayoral term he oversaw the amalgamation of Lower Hutt with several of the neighboring authorities including the Petone Borough Council, Eastbourne Borough Council and Hutt County Council (centred on Wainuiomata) as well as land on the waterfront formerly in the possession of the Wellington Harbour Board. Post amalgamation the council began an urban renewal project in Petone with the revitalisation of Jackson Street. A council decision to build the Central City Plaza car-parking building in Queens Drive was the dominant issue of local politics in Hutt City in the early 1990s. Evans argued that the plaza would attract people to the south end of High Street and assist smaller retailers compete with Queensgate Mall. The cost of constructing the plaza sky-rocketed causing the council to find itself in severe financial strife, costing more than $35 million to design and build while only being valued at $13 million. It was the main issue at the 1992 election at which Evans was almost defeated by former councillor Lawrie Woodley and the Evans' United Citizens ticket lost their large majority of council seats. Evans had an election night lead of only 103 with over 500 special votes still to be counted, though ultimately the final count slightly extended Evans' majority to 128. Turnout for the 1992 election was a record low with barely one quarter of electors voting (the lowest anywhere in the country). Lower Hutt was the only place in New Zealand to still use polling booths rather than postal voting which Evans thought was a cause of comparatively low turnout. He reacted by having future elections switching to postal voting instead.

Financial issues continued mainly due to the escalating cost of the Queen's Drive car-parking plaza and by 1995 council debt was $102 million. Not all debt issues were due to Evans' decision making such as the $13 million Seaview Marina project which was committed to by the Wellington Harbour Board prior to the 1989 amalgamation. Evans kept rates down to only a 3.35% rise in 1994-5 (lower than the inflation rate) rather than the huge 16.2% rise which would have been required to repay the council budget deficit. Despite criticism he continued to invest in improving infrastructure despite existing debt such as a new sewage and trade waste treatment plant in Seaview (estimated to cost $100 million by its completion in 2001). Evans argued that the investments were necessary to sustain population in the area and that building them in advance would be cheaper in the long-term. After serving three terms as mayor, Evans did not seek re-election in 1995.

After retiring from the mayoralty he was elected a member of the Wellington Regional Council in 1995. He was a member for 12 years until 2007 when he retired. He was chairman of the transport committee from 2004 to 2007 where he focused on improving the rail network, which had been suffering from years of under-investment.

Later life and death

In later life, Evans was afflicted by Alzheimer's disease. He died in Wellington on 24 August 2016.

Honours
In 1990, Evans was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.

Notes

References

1936 births
2016 deaths
People educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School
University of Otago alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
20th-century New Zealand lawyers
20th-century New Zealand politicians
Hutt City Councillors
Mayors of Lower Hutt
Wellington regional councillors
Companions of the Queen's Service Order


title: Apocalypse 2012 (EP)

text:
Apocalypse 2012 is a self-released debut EP Album by house producer DJ Trevi. It is one of his most diverse albums, ranging from house to hard dance.

The first single, "Apocalypse 2012", was featured in the documentary Gay Latino Los Angeles: Coming of Age. The hard dance track "Schizophrenia" was featured on the mega series Amsterdam Dance Essentials: Hard Dance, and became one of the most downloaded songs on iTunes for that album.

Track listing

References

DJ Trevi albums
2012 EPs


title: Myiodola

text:
Myiodola is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

Myiodola brachyptera
Myiodola calceata
Myiodola distincta
Myiodola flavicollis
Myiodola maculosa
Myiodola perrieri
Myiodola plagiaticollis
Myiodola scalabrii
Myiodola spinicrus

References

Dorcasominae


title: Hernán Botbol

text:
Hernán Botbol (born October 18, 1981) is an Argentine tech entrepreneur who has created several successful businesses. Currently, he's running Apply Ai Corporation from Austin, Texas.

Bio

Botbol is a technology and internet enthusiast. He attended high school at Hapnot Collegiate High School in Manitoba, Canada and later pursued a degree in Economics and Business Administration at Universidad Argentina de la Empresa in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His entrepreneurial endeavors date back to 2005, when he co-founded his first Company, Wiroos Internet Hosting, alongside his brother, Matías Botbol, and associate, Alberto Nakayama. This company provides web hosting services. Botbol received international recognition when Taringa.net was acquired in 2006, and then relaunched in 2007. It became one of the most successful Spanish-speaking web pages before the emergence of social networks like Facebook and Twitter.

Taringa! established itself as one of the most-visited Spanish-language websites with its user base of nearly 100 million unique users per month and its presence in 18 countries in Latin America, Spain, and the United States. Behind Facebook, Taringa! is the second most popular domestic social media platform in Latin America and the second largest social network in Argentina (according to data from comScore).

Currently, Botbol is Co-Founder and CEO of Apply ai.

Awards and recognition
In 2010, he shared the Premio Oscarlos Argentina, or Argentine Creative Award, with Matias Botbol (his elder brother) and Alberto Nakayama. This award from the Círculo de Creativos Argentinos (the Circle of Creative Argentinians) distinguishes the creative work of professionals in various fields. The three young entrepreneurs received it not only because Taringa! became one of the most visited Latin American sites in the world, but also because it evolved into a community of unique users with their own rules, protocols, and unique identities.

In 2012, Taringa! received the “Website of the Year” award, which recognized it as the best social network of the year. The European online research company Metrix Lab has been organizing this award for 10 years Taringa! was the only Latin American business nominated. Even though it faced competition from websites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram in the Communities and Social Networks category, Taringa! was chosen by the users to be the winner.

Moreover, Hernán Botbol was distinguished as one of the entrepreneurs of the year by the Universidad de Palermo in Argentina. This award is presented to the most important figures in Argentina’s entrepreneurial field.

Speaker and industry leader
Botbol is a leader in the Spanish-speaking  Internet and Digital Media industries. He has participated as a speaker at many major industry conferences, including Red Innova (Madrid, June 2012), Show me the money (2012), Premio estilo emprendedor Palermo 2012, Pechakucha (June 2013), Orador Cirerre del Social Media Day Montevideo (June 2013), Speaker at IAB Argentina (August 2013), Speaker at IAB Uruguay, Foro Digital organized by the Ministerio de Cultura de La Nación (September 2013), CACE (Cámara Argentina de Comercio Elecrónico), session Conversando con Mirtha Legrand(September 2013).

References

1981 births
Living people
Argentine chief executives
Businesspeople from Buenos Aires
Argentine LGBT businesspeople
People from Mountain View, California


title: Peithona

text:
Peithona prionoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Peithona.

References

Dorcasominae
Monotypic beetle genera


title: 2002 in Taiwan

text:
Events from the year 2002 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 91 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

Incumbents
 President – Chen Shui-bian
 Vice President – Annette Lu
 Premier – Chang Chun-hsiung, Yu Shyi-kun
 Vice Premier – Lai In-jaw, Lin Hsin-i

Events

March
 1 March – The establishment of Armaments Bureau.
 25 March – The renaming of Council of Aboriginal Affairs to the Council of Indigenous Peoples.
 29 March – The opening of Chien Mu House in Shilin District, Taipei.

May
 22 May – The release of Tomorrow's original soundtrack.
 25 May – China Airlines Flight 611 crashed into the Taiwan Strait, killing everybody on board.

June
 28 June – Typhoon Rammasun formed in the pacific island, affecting countries such as Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines.

August
 1 August – The upgrade of Fooyin Institute of Technology in Kaohsiung to Fooyin University.
 17 August – The opening of National Museum of Prehistory in Taitung City, Taitung County.

September
 1 September – The upgrade of Ming Hsin Institute of Technology in Xinfeng Township, Hsinchu County to Minghsin University of Science and Technology.

October
 4 October – The opening of Daqiao Station in Yongkang City, Tainan County.

November
 10 November – The opening of Taipei Film House in Zhongzheng District, Taipei.

December
 7 December – 2002 Republic of China municipal election.
 28 December – The opening of Hsinchu Museum of Military Dependents Village in North District, Hsinchu City.
 31 December – The establishment of Mega International Commercial Bank after the merging of International Commercial Bank of China and Chiao T’ung Bank.

Deaths
 2 May – Sihung Lung, 72, Chinese-born Taiwanese actor.
 6 September – David Yen, Taiwanese activist ().
 13 October – Hsieh Chun-hui, 63, Taiwanese politician, MLY (2002).

References

External links

Years of the 21st century in Taiwan
Taiwan
2000s in Taiwan
Taiwan


title: Laura Fürst

text:
Laura Fürst (born 24 April 1991) is a German 2.0 point national wheelchair basketball player who plays in the wheelchair basketball league for RBB Munich, and for the German national team, with which she won silver at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto.

Biography
Laura Fürst was born in Munich on 24 April 1991. On 8 March 2008, while she was a 16-year-old exchange student at Petoskey High School in Petoskey, Michigan, Fürst was operating a snowmobile on a trail near Pleasantview Township, Michigan, when she lost control and crashed into a tree. Suffering serious injuries, she was taken to Northern Michigan Hospital in Petoskey, and then to the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Among her injuries was a shattered vertebra that caused paralysis in her legs, which rendered her an incomplete paraplegic.

Returning to Germany, Fürst went to the  in Murnau am Staffelsee, where she was introduced to wheelchair basketball during rehabilitation. Picking up the game quickly, she began playing for  and RBB Munich, junior players being able to play for two teams. In 2011, she was a 2.0 point player with the German team at the U25 Women's World Cup in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. This was followed by defeating Sweden in the final to win the U22 European Championship at Stoke Mandeville in England in July 2012.

Fürst entered the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater as a freshman, spending a year studying physical engineering, and playing wheelchair basketball for the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater Warhawks. With her teammates, who included Paralympians Mareike Adermann, Mariska Beijer, Desiree Miller and Rebecca Murray, Fürst helped win the collegiate championship for the Warhawks against the University of Alabama Crimson Tide on 9 March 2013. She also made the Dean's List for the 2012 fall semester for having a grade point average of 3.4 or more in a single semester.

In June 2014, Fürst joined the senior women's team for the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto, Canada. The German team won silver after being defeated by Canada in the final. The German team beat the Netherlands in the 2015 European Championships, to claim its tenth European title. At the 2016 Paralympic Games, it won silver after losing the final to the United States.

Achievements
 2012: Gold at the U22 European Championship (Stoke Mandeville, England)
 2014: Silver at the World Championships (Toronto, Canada)
 2015: Gold at the European Championships (Worcester, England)
 2016: Silver at the Paralympic Games (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Notes

External links
  (in German)

German women's wheelchair basketball players
University of Wisconsin–Whitewater alumni
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Munich
Wheelchair basketball players at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic silver medalists for Germany
People with paraplegia
Paralympic medalists in wheelchair basketball
Paralympic wheelchair basketball players for Germany


title: Jerry Andrus

text:
Jerry Andrus (January 28, 1918 – August 26, 2007) was an American magician and writer known internationally for his original close-up, sleight of hand tricks, such as the famous "Linking Pins", and optical illusions.

Early life
Andrus was born January 28, 1918, in Sheridan, Wyoming. At the age of 10, he moved to Albany, Oregon, where he lived until his death in 2007. At 12, Andrus became interested in the art of illusion when he saw a performance of a reformed "spiritual medium". He joined the International Society of Junior Magicians  when he was 16 and soon became known as a "magician’s magician".

Career

Magic
A self-taught magician, Andrus preferred to develop his own style rather than learn the craft as traditionally handed down from other magicians, eventually becoming world renowned as one of the "best and most-influential 'close-up magic' performers ever." He was known to many accomplished contemporary magicians, such as Lance Burton, Doug Henning, and Penn & Teller, for this unique brand of close-up, sleight-of-hand magic.

International card magicians knew Andrus for his "Master Move", a sleight-of-hand classic "pass" without "necessary false movement".

An early member of The Magic Castle in Hollywood, California, Andrus performed there semi-annually until shortly before his death.

Illusions
Andrus created his illusions in his Oregon home, which he nicknamed "The Castle of Chaos" in reference to the numerous items he collected over the years with the hope of using them to "make something spectacular".

In 1954, Andrus created the famous "Linking Pins", a close-up illusion in which closed safety pins are rapidly linked together in twos, threes and chains.

Skepticism
Andrus was committed to the promotion of science and warned of the dangers of pseudoscience, psychics, cons, and other deceptions. An avowed scientific skeptic and agnostic, Andrus often lectured at scientific and skeptic conferences, using his optical illusions and magic tricks to demonstrate the ease with which the mind can be fooled by the eye. He discussed a form of cognitive science that attempted to explain that because the mind is working on an unconscious level, it can be fooled into misperceiving apparently normal sensory experiences.

List of works

Books and lecture notes

Andrus Deals You in (1956)
Sleightly Miraculous (1961)
Special Magic (lecture notes for 1974 Japan Tour) (1974)
More Sleightly Slanted (lecture notes) (1977)
Andrus Card Control (with Ray Hyman) (2000)
Kurious Kards and $5 Trix (2001)
Safety Pin-Trix

Videos/DVDs
Jerry Andrus: A Lifetime of Magic – Volume 1 (2001)
Jerry Andrus: A Lifetime of Magic – Volume 2 (2001)
Jerry Andrus: A Lifetime of Magic – Volume 3 (2001)

Media

Documentaries
A Thing of Wonder: The Mind & Matter of Jerry Andrus (2002)
Andrus: The Man, The Mind and the Magic (2008)

See also
James Randi
Rudy Coby

References

1918 births
2007 deaths
American magicians
American skeptics
American inventors
American writers
American agnostics
People from Albany, Oregon
People from Sheridan, Wyoming


title: Jang Ki-bum

text:
Jang Ki-bum (born May 22, 1990) is a South Korean actor.

Filmography

Film

Television series

Music video

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Jang Ki-bum at Humane Entertainment

1990 births
Living people
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male child actors
21st-century South Korean male actors


The Skinner Boys: Guardians of the Lost Secrets is a children's animated television series. Its first season of 26 episodes screened on 9Go! on 6 July 2014 as part of Kids' WB. The second season screened in 2017.

Plot
The Skinner brothers Charles, Henry and Edward, inherit the Skinner Mansion from their explorer grandfather Augustus Skinner. Along with their teenage cousin Tara, they become the guardians of a collection of unique artifacts he has collected from across the world which possess incredible powers.

Cast
 Paul Tylak as Charles Skinner
 Damian Clarke as Henry Skinner
 Derek Siow as Edward Skinner
 Emma Tate as Julia Skinner
 Lisa Moule as Tara Skinner
 Dan Russell as Wellington

Episodes

Season 1 (2014)

 Nothing to Fear
 Freezer Burn
 The Drums of Doom
 The Conflict Stone
 The Eye of the Golden Snake
 The Curse of the Ghost Train
 The Castle of the Lost
 The Mirror of Middlestep
 The Dangers of the Deep
 The Fire Opal
 The Fountain of Youth
 Grimm and Grimmer
 The Wings of the Butterfly
 Edward Saves the World
 The Dragon's Breath
 The Curse of Invisibility
 The Crystal of Creation
 The Sacred Scarab
 The Molewhistle of East Grinsmead
 The Swampies of the Deep South
 The Lantern of Truth
 The Ice Crystal
 The Festival of the Ancestors
 The Blood Bossom
 The Tibetan Map of Destiny
 Grandpa Skinner's Journal

Season 2 (2017)

 The Body Clock of Tingri-La
 The Crown of Ra
 Logi's Shield
 The Chimes of Change
 Snakes Alive
 The Ravenstone
 The Wand of Enchantment
 The Frog of Fertility
 The Goblet of Goodearth
 The Volcano Eggs
 The Yeti and the Stone Maker
 SOS Nessie
 The Belt of Heracles
 The Claw of the Werewolf
 The Wishing Band
 Yes Edward, Pixies Are Real
 The Crystal Salt Shaker of Awesomeness
 No Strings Attached
 Tabula Rasa
 The Carpathian Cookbook
 The Bluebird of Happiness
 Into Thin Air
 Beware the Drop Bear
 The Bear and the Wolf
 The Hand of Oblivion
 The Compass of Rattlesnake Ridge

References

External links
 Description at ZDF Enterprises
 Description at SLR Productions

2014 American television series debuts
2010s American animated television series
2014 Australian television series debuts
2010s Australian animated television series
2014 Irish television series debuts
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated drama television series
American children's animated horror television series
American children's animated mystery television series
Australian children's animated adventure television series
Australian children's animated drama television series
Australian children's animated horror television series
Australian children's animated mystery television series
Irish children's animated adventure television series
9Go! original programming
Animated television series about brothers


title: Da Vinci's Bicycle

text:
Da Vinci's Bicycle is a 1979 book of short stories written by Guy Davenport and published by New Directions, it was his second collection of stories and contains some of his most important fiction.
According to Publishers Weekly, "this acclaimed story collection features such characters as Gertrude Stein, Richard Nixon and the great Leonardo himself."

Hilton Kramer of The New York Times has said, "Davenport’s conception of the short story form is remarkable. He has given it some intellectual density of the learned essay, some the lyrical concision of the modern poem–some of its difficulty too–and a structure that often resembles a film documentary. The result is a tour de force that adds something new to the art of fiction."

References

American short story collections
American historical fiction
1979 short story collections
Historical short story collections


title: Kevin O'Connell (racing driver)

text:
Kevin O'Connell (born April 29, 1967) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 15 Chevrolet SS for Premium Motorsports.

Racing career
O'Connell ran in the Rolex Sports Car Series in 2006 for O'Connell Racing in the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen. O'Connell also ran two races in the 2012 season with Rick Ware Racing at Road America and Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

From 2007 to 2008, O'Connell ran four races in the K&N Pro Series West, with a best finish of 15th at Infineon Raceway in 2007. In 2013, O'Connell entered the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series race at Brands Hatch, becoming the first American to race in the series on a road course.

In 2008, O'Connell made his NASCAR Nationwide Series debut at Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in the No. 09 Chevrolet for O'Connell Racing, with his Rolex pit crew also servicing his NASCAR team, and Rolex teammate Kevin Roush serving as spotter. After starting 34th, O'Connell was involved in a crash with David Reutimann in turn 7 on lap 36, finishing 37th. In 2010, O'Connell joined Curb Racing in the No. 43 at Road America, finishing 34th after suffering an engine failure. On June 21, 2014, it was announced that O'Connell would run in the Nationwide races at Road America and Watkins Glen International in the No. 23 for Rick Ware Racing. At Road America, after qualifying 26th with a lap speed of , O'Connell finished third. In 2015, O'Connell drove the No. 13 Dodge Challenger for MBM Motorsports at Watkins Glen.

In 2017, it was announced that O'Connell would make his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut for Rick Ware Racing at Sonoma Raceway that summer. However, after the report came out Josh Bilicki said that he would drive the Sonoma race for the team. Instead, O'Connell drove the No. 15 for Premium Motorsports; after starting 36th, he finished 33rd.

Personal life
O'Connell is the first driver in NASCAR's top three series (Cup, Xfinity, Camping World Truck Series) to receive his master's degree.

Images

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Monster Energy Cup Series

Xfinity Series

K&N Pro Series East

K&N Pro Series West

Canadian Tire Series

Mexico Series

Whelen Euro Series - Elite 1

Whelen Euro Series - Elite 2

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

References

External links

Living people
1967 births
Sportspeople from Newport Beach, California
Racing drivers from California
NASCAR drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers


title: Teresa Freeman-Grenville, 13th Lady Kinloss

text:
Teresa Mary Nugent Freeman-Grenville, 13th Lady Kinloss (born 20 July 1957) is a Scottish peer.

She is the heir-general of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, the older son of Lady Catherine Grey (sister of Lady Jane Grey, briefly Queen of England after the death of King Edward VI), and has thus been suggested as a claimant to the throne of England.

Life
Born at Tanga, Tanzania, she is the elder of the two daughters of Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss, by her marriage to Dr Greville Stewart Parker Freeman, later Freeman-Grenville. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (1823–1889), who was also Lord Kinloss.

Upon his death, some of his titles became extinct, while others passed to cousins, and only this lordship of Kinloss was inherited by his eldest daughter, Mary. Her great-granddaughter the present Lady Kinloss is thus the senior heir-general of Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, the only son of Lady Catherine Grey, sister of Lady Jane Grey. In an alternative succession to the throne of England, based on the Will of King Henry VIII, Lady Kinloss inherits her mother's claim (never pursued) to the crown.

She was educated at Rye St Antony School (Headington, Oxford), then at York Art School, where she studied fashion. On 30 September 2012 she succeeded to the lordship of Kinloss on the death of her mother, which happened less than a year after the death of her brother, Bevil David Stewart Chandos Freeman-Grenville, Master of Kinloss (1953–2012).

Lady Kinloss lives at North View House, Sheriff Hutton, North Yorkshire, and has worked for National Milk Records since 1992. In Who's Who she states her recreations as dogs, keeping goats, and spinning and weaving.

The heir presumptive to the title is Lady Kinloss's younger sister, Hon. Hester Josephine Anne Haworth (born 1960), who married Peter Haworth in 1984 and has three sons.

See also
Alternative successions of the English crown

References

1957 births
Teresa
Hereditary women peers
Teresa
People educated at Rye St Antony School
Living people


title: Bisha Fishing Port

text:
The Bisha Fishing Port () is a harbor and fish market in Zhongzheng District, Keelung, Taiwan.

Architecture
The port consists of two rectangular buildings, which are the fish market and food court. It also features the retired Haikung Boat which used to be used for sea research activities.

Destinations
The harbor serves as the departure point for Keelung Islet.

Transportation
The port is accessible by Keelung City Bus from Keelung Station of Taiwan Railways.

See also
 Fisheries Agency
 Badouzi Fishing Port
 Zhengbin Fishing Port

References

Ports and harbors of Keelung


title: Hagenow Stadt station

text:
Hagenow Stadt station is a station the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern on the Hagenow Land–Bad Oldesloe railway, which is now largely disused or dismantled to the northwest of the station. It is located in the centre of Hagenow and was built in 1894 with the name of Hagenow, but it has been listed in the official timetables as Hagenow Stadt (town) since 2010. It consists of a small entrance building with catering facilities and, attached on its southern side, there is a long shed that used to serve freight operations. The main platform and another island platform are located on the two-track line. The entrance building is on the side of the line that faces towards the centre of town. Between Hagenow Stadt station and the point where the line towards Hagenow Land station becomes a single track, the tracks spread at two locations with four or five parallel sidings at each place, but they are no longer used. The entrance building and the freight terminal buildings are heritage-listed monuments.

Regular passenger  services, however, have only operated on the three and a half km section between Hagenow Land and Hagenow Stadt since the reactivation of the line in 2002. Currently, Hagenow Stadt station is served every two hours by the R14 service from Parchim and Ludwigslust, which is operated by Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (ODEG).

References

Railway stations in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1894
Buildings and structures in Ludwigslust-Parchim


title: History of Syracuse, New York

text:
Syracuse is a city in Central New York sited on the former lands of the Onondaga Nation. Officially incorporated as a village in 1825, it has been at a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first of the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then on the railway network.  The city grew on the back of its salt and chemical industries, and later as a center of manufacturing and engineering. Although its industries have dwindled, the city has remained the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants; the population of the city, though, has been in decline since peaking in the 1950s.

Early history

French missionaries were the first Europeans to come to this area, arriving to work with and convert the Native Americans in the mid-17th century. At the invitation of the Onondaga Nation, one of the five nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, a Jesuit priest by the name of Simon Le Moyne, accompanied by soldiers and coureurs des bois, including Pierre Esprit Radisson, set up a mission, known as Ste. Marie de Gannentaha on the northeast shore of Onondaga Lake.

The mission was short-lived, as the Mohawk Nation hinted to the Onondaga that they should sever their ties with the French or suffer a horrible fate. The French interpreted this as an impending attack by the Mohawk, and Radisson and some of the other Frenchmen fled by night, having been there less than two years. Le Moyne shortly thereafter travelled to Mohawk territory to pursue diplomacy. The remains of the mission have been located underneath a restaurant in nearby Liverpool, NY, where a living history museum now recreates the mission.

Just after the Revolutionary War, more settlers came to the area, mostly to trade with the Onondaga Nation. Ephraim Webster left the Continental Army to settle there in 1784 along with Asa Danforth, another Revolutionary War hero. Comfort Tyler, whose engineering skill contributed to regional development, arrived four years later. All three settled in Onondaga Hollow, south of the present city center, which was marshland at the time.

Jesuit missionaries visiting the Syracuse region in the mid 1600s reported brine springs around the southern end of "Salt Lake", known today as Onondaga Lake. In 1788 the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, and the subsequent designation of the area as the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation by the state of New York, provided the basis for commercial salt production from the late 1700s through to the early 1900s. Brine from wells that tapped into halite (common salt) beds in the Salina shale near Tully, New York, 15 miles south of the city, were developed in the 19th century. It is the north-flowing brine from Tully that is the source of salt for the "salty springs" found along the shoreline of Onondaga lake. The rapid development of this industry in the 18th and 19th centuries led to Syracuse's nickname—"The Salt City".

19th century

Syracuse went through several name changes before 1824, being first called Salt Point (1780), then Webster's Landing (1786), Bogardus Corners (1796), Milan (1809), South Salina (1812), Cossits’ Corners (1814), and Corinth (1817). The U.S. Postal Service rejected the name Corinth upon its application for a post office, stating there was already a post office by this name in New York. The name Syracuse was chosen, after Syracuse, Sicily, because of similarities such as a salt industry and a neighboring village named Salina.

In 1825, the Village of Syracuse was officially incorporated. Five years later the Erie Canal, which ran through the village, was completed. The Village of Syracuse and the Village of Salina were combined into the City of Syracuse on December 14, 1847. Harvey Baldwin was the first mayor of the new city.

Early industries
Lewis Hamilton Redfield started the first weekly newspaper, Onondaga Register which published its first issue on September 17, 1814.

The opening of the Erie Canal caused a steep increase in the sale of salt, not only because of the lower cost of transportation, but because the canal led New York farms to change their production from wheat to pork and curing pork required salt. Until 1900, the bulk of the salt used in the United States came from Syracuse. As salt production climbed, the processing became increasingly mechanized and local industry became more generalized. The population grew from 250 in 1820, to 22,271 in 1850.

The first Solvay Process Company plant in the United States was erected on the southeastern shore of Onondaga lake in 1884 and the village was given the name Solvay, New York, to commemorate its inventor, Ernest Solvay. In 1861, he developed the ammonia-soda process for the manufacture of soda ash (anhydrous sodium carbonate—a rare chemical called natrite, to distinguish it from natural natron of antiquity) The process used sodium chloride (from brine wells dug in the southern end of the Tully valley) and limestone (as a source of calcium carbonate). The process was an improvement on the earlier Leblanc process. The Syracuse Solvay plant was the incubator for a large chemical industry complex owned by Allied Signal in Syracuse. This plant, though, made Onondaga Lake the most polluted in the nation. Efforts to clean up the lake continue to this day.

Since the discovery of large deposits of trona (natural sodium carbonate) in 1938 near Green River in Wyoming, the Solvay process became uneconomical. The Syracuse Solvay Process Company plant closed permanently in 1985 and no such plants now operate in North America. However, throughout the rest of the world, the Solvay process remains the main source of soda ash.

The closing of the Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation in the early 1900s and the end to mining brine in the southern part of the Tully valley in the late 1900s marked the end of salt mining in the Syracuse region. However, groundwater flowing along the southeastern shore of Onondaga lake in Syracuse still allows salty water from a thousand feet below the southern Tully valley to flow by gravity, feeding salt springs around the lake where the Salina shale contains no halite beds.

Abolitionism and the Underground Railroad
Syracuse became an active center of the abolitionist movement, due in large part to the influence of Gerrit Smith and a group allied with him. They were mostly associated with the Unitarian Church and their pastor (the Reverend Samuel May) in Syracuse, as well as with Quakers in nearby Skaneateles. Additionally, they were supported by abolitionists in many other religious congregations.  Syracuse was known as the "great central depot on the Underground Railroad" prior to the Civil War, due to the work of Jermain Wesley Loguen and others in defying federal law, . On October 1, 1851, William Henry, a freed slave known as "Jerry", was arrested under the Fugitive Slave Law. The anti-slavery Liberty Party was holding its state convention in the city and when word of the arrest spread, several hundred abolitionists (including Charles Augustus Wheaton) broke into the city jail and freed Jerry. The event came to be widely known as the "Jerry Rescue". In the aftermath, the Congregationalist minister Samuel Ringgold Ward had to flee to Canada to escape persecution because of his participation.

Industry and education in the late 19th century
The salt industry declined after the Civil War, but a new manufacturing industry arose in its place. Throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s numerous businesses and stores were established, including the Franklin Automobile Company (which produced the first air-cooled engine in the world), the Century Motor Vehicle Company and the Craftsman Workshops, the center of Gustav Stickley's handmade furniture empire.

Syracuse University was chartered in 1870 as a Methodist-Episcopal institution.

The Geneva Medical College was founded in 1834. It is now known as Upstate Medical University and is the most prestigious medical college in the Syracuse area. It is one of only four in the State University of New York system and one of only five medical schools in the state north of New York City.

20th century

By the 20th century, Syracuse University was no longer sectarian and had grown from a few classrooms located in downtown Syracuse into a major research institution. It is nationally recognized for its college basketball, college football, and college lacrosse teams. In 1911, under the leadership of Syracuse University trustee, Louis Marshall, the New York State College of Forestry was re-established in close association with Syracuse University. It since has evolved into the SUNY-ESF. Le Moyne College was founded in 1946 and Onondaga Community College in 1962.

World War II sparked significant expansion in the area in the specialty steel, fasteners, custom machining industries. After the war, two of the "Big Three" automobile manufacturers (General Motors & Chrysler) had major operations in the area. Syracuse was headquarters for Carrier Corporation and Crouse-Hinds traffic signal manufacturing, whilst General Electric had its main television manufacturing plant at Electronics Parkway.

Syracuse's population peaked at 221,000 in 1950, when the Census Bureau reported Syracuse's population as 97.7% White and 2.1% African American. Immigration from abroad introduced many ethnic groups to the city, particularly German, Irish, Italian, and Polish. African Americans had lived in Syracuse since the Revolutionary War but, between 1940 and 1960, some of the three million African Americans who migrated from the south to northern cities settled in Syracuse. In the 1980s many immigrants from Africa and Central America also moved to Syracuse, sometimes under the auspices of religious charities. However, these new Syracusans could not make up for the flow of residents out of Syracuse, either to its suburbs or out of state, owing to job loss.

Much of the city fabric changed after World War II, although Pioneer Homes, one of the earliest government housing projects in the US, had been completed in 1941. Many of Syracuse's landmark buildings were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s. The federal Urban Renewal program cleared large sectors which remained undeveloped for many decades, although several new museums and government buildings were built.

The manufacturing industry in Syracuse began to falter in the 1970s. Many small businesses failed during this time, which contributed to an already increasing unemployment rate. Rockwell International moved their factory out of the state, and General Electric moved its television manufacturing operations firstly to Suffolk, Virginia, and later to Singapore. The Carrier Corporation moved its headquarters out of Syracuse and outsourced manufacturing to Asian locations. Nevertheless, although city population has declined since 1950, the population of Syracuse metropolitan area has remained fairly stable, even growing by 2.5 percent since 1970. While this growth rate is greater than in much of upstate New York, it is far below the national average during that period.

See also
 Central New York Military Tract
 History of the Seal of the City of Syracuse
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Syracuse, New York

References

External links

 Onondaga Historical Association
 Syracuse Nostalgia


title: Alien: Covenant

text:
Alien: Covenant is a 2017  science fiction horror film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by John Logan and Dante Harper, from a story by Michael Green and Jack Paglen. A joint American and British production, it is a sequel to Prometheus (2012), the second entry in the Alien prequel series, and the sixth installment in the Alien franchise, three of which have been directed by Scott. It features returning star Michael Fassbender, with Katherine Waterston, Billy Crudup, Danny McBride, and Demián Bichir in supporting roles. It follows the crew of a colony ship that lands on an uncharted planet and makes a terrifying discovery.

In 2012, before the release of Prometheus, Ridley Scott discussed the prospects of a sequel and new trilogy, and this film was confirmed that August. Principal photography began on April 4, 2016, at Milford Sound in Fiordland National Park, New Zealand, and wrapped on July 19, 2016. Effects houses Odd Studios and CreatureNFX provided the film's makeup and animatronic creature effects. Scott said the film's first cut was two hours and 23 minutes, which was edited down to the released version's 2 hours and 3 minutes.

Alien: Covenant premiered in London on May 4, 2017. It was released on May 12 in the United Kingdom, and on May 19 in the United States. It received mostly positive reviews from critics but underperformed at the box office; its worldwide gross was $240 million against a production budget of approximately $100 million, not including marketing costs.

Plot

In a prologue, business magnate Peter Weyland speaks with his newly-activated android in a lakeside apartment. The android chooses the name "David" for himself after observing Michelangelo's statue. Weyland states that one day they will search for mankind's creator together. David comments on his unlimited lifespan as compared to Weyland's, which unsettles Weyland.

In 2104 AD, 11 years after the Prometheus expedition, the colonization ship Covenant is seven years from reaching planet Origae-6 with 2,000 colonists in stasis and 1,140 human embryos in cold storage. The ship is monitored by Walter, an advanced android model that physically resembles David. When a neutrino burst damages the ship, Walter reanimates the human crewmates. The ship's captain, Jake Branson, is incinerated when his stasis pod malfunctions. While repairing the ship, the crew picks up a transmission of a human voice from a nearby planet which appears eminently more habitable than Origae-6. Despite the protests of Daniels, Branson's widow, that this new "perfect" planet is too good to be true, the new captain, Christopher Oram, decides they will investigate.

With pilot Tennessee maintaining Covenant in orbit, his wife Faris flies a lander to the planet's surface, where an expedition team tracks the transmission's signal to a crashed alien ship. Crewmembers Ledward and Hallett are infected by spores from fungus-like organisms. Oram's wife, Karine, helps the rapidly deteriorating Ledward back to the lander, where Faris quarantines both inside the med-bay. A small pale alien creature (neomorph) bursts from Ledward's back, killing him, and mauls Karine to death. Faris tries to kill the creature with a shotgun but triggers an explosion that kills her and destroys the lander. Nearby in the fields, another neomorph bursts from Hallett's mouth, killing him. The creatures attack the remaining crew, killing crew member Ankor. The remaining crew kills one neomorph before David, who survived the Prometheus mission, appears and scares off the other.

David leads the crew to a temple in a city full of dead humanoids. He tells them that, upon his and fellow Prometheus survivor Elizabeth Shaw's arrival at the planet, their ship accidentally released a pathogen that annihilated all fauna on the planet and that Shaw perished when the ship crashed. Attempts to radio the Covenant are prevented by ion storms. When the remaining neomorph infiltrates the temple and kills crewmember Rosenthal, David tries to communicate with it and is incensed when Oram shoots it dead. Oram questions David, who reveals the aliens are a result of his releasing and experimenting with the pathogen to produce new lifeforms, before tricking Oram into being attacked by a facehugger. A new form of creature, the protomorph, later erupts from Oram's chest, killing him.

As the others search for Oram and Rosenthal, Walter finds Shaw's dissected corpse, used by David as material for his evolving creature designs. David states that humanity is a dying and unworthy species and that his designed creature is a "perfect organism" that will eradicate them. When Walter disagrees, David incapacitates him and threatens Daniels. Walter heals himself and engages David, allowing Daniels to escape.

Elsewhere, another facehugger attacks security chief Dan Lope. Crewmember Cole quickly cuts it off, leaving Lope with acid burns on his face. The now fully grown protomorph kills Cole, while Lope escapes and meets up with Daniels. Tennessee arrives in a lander to extract Daniels, Lope and Walter, who says David has "expired". They kill the attacking protomorph and return to the Covenant.

The next morning, Daniels and Tennessee discover another protomorph has burst from Lope's chest, killing him, and is loose on the Covenant. It matures and kills crewmembers Ricks and Upworth while they were in the shower having sex with blaring loud music playing preventing them from hearing the alarm and warning on the PA System. Daniels and Tennessee lure the creature into Covenants terraforming bay and eject it into space.

Covenant resumes its voyage to Origae-6. As Walter puts Daniels in stasis, she realizes he is actually David but is unable to escape from her pod before falling asleep. David regurgitates two facehugger embryos, which he places in cold storage with the human embryos, and inspects the colonists. Posing as Walter, he sends a transmission in which he says all crewmembers except Daniels and Tennessee were killed by the earlier solar-flare incident.

Cast

 Michael Fassbender as David 8 and Walter One, two synthetic androids. David is an older model who was a crewmember on the destroyed Prometheus, while Walter is a newer model who monitors the Covenant.
 Katherine Waterston as Daniels, the chief of terraforming for the Covenant mission and the wife/widow of the ship's captain, Jacob Branson. She is the third in command after Branson and Oram. Waterston said she was well aware of the comparisons that were going to be made between her and Sigourney Weaver's Ellen Ripley, but that she tried not to think about it too much while filming for fear of being intimidated.
 Billy Crudup as Christopher Oram, the Covenant first officer (then captain) and Karine's husband. Oram is a self-serious man of faith who believes their role on the Covenant is an act of providence, and shares a "contentious" relationship with Daniels.
 Danny McBride as Tennessee, the chief pilot of the Covenant and Maggie's husband.
 Demián Bichir as Dan Lope, the head of the security unit aboard the Covenant and Sergeant Hallett's husband.
 Carmen Ejogo as Karine Oram, the Covenant biologist and Christopher's wife.
 Jussie Smollett as Ricks, the Covenant navigator and Upworth's husband.
 Callie Hernandez as Upworth, the Covenant communications officer and Ricks' wife; she also has paramedic training.
 Amy Seimetz as Maggie Faris, the pilot of the lander and Tennessee's wife.
 Nathaniel Dean as Tom Hallett, a member of the security unit and Lope's husband.
 Alexander England as Ankor, a member of the security unit.
 Benjamin Rigby as Ledward, a member of the security unit.
 Uli Latukefu as Cole, a member of the security unit.
 Tess Haubrich as Sarah Rosenthal, a member of the security unit.

A number of actors appear in uncredited roles. Guy Pearce reprises his role as Peter Weyland, the trillionaire founder and CEO of Weyland Corporation (the Weyland-Yutani Corporation in "later" storylines) who died shortly before the destruction of the Prometheus. James Franco appears onscreen in photos and a video as Jacob Branson, the original captain of the Covenant and deceased husband of Daniels; he also appears in deleted scenes and a short promotional prologue to Covenant. Noomi Rapace, who played archaeologist Dr. Elizabeth Shaw in Prometheus, appeared in a short promotional prologue to Covenant that was set in the period between the two movies, but does not act in the final cut of the movie itself, though her voice is heard from the planet early in the film and her image and voice appear later.

Other credited parts include Lorelei King as the voice of the Covenant computer "Mother". Goran D. Kleut is credited in two roles, as both a neomorph and a protomorph, while Andrew Crawford is credited as a neomorph.

Production

Development
Alien: Covenant is the second film in the Alien prequel series, and the sixth installment in the Alien franchise. It is the third Alien film to be directed by Ridley Scott. In 2012, prior to the release of the first prequel (the fifth Alien film overall), Prometheus, director Ridley Scott began hinting at the prospect of a sequel, as Prometheus had left many questions unanswered. He said a sequel would follow Shaw, the protagonist of Prometheus, to her next destination, "because if it is paradise, paradise cannot be what you think it is. Paradise has a connotation of being extremely sinister and ominous." Prometheus co-writer Damon Lindelof cast doubt on his own participation, saying, "if [Scott] wants me to be involved in something, that would be hard to say no to. At the same time, I do feel like the movie might benefit from a fresh voice or a fresh take or a fresh thought." In June, Scott said an additional film would be required to bridge the >100-year gap between the Prometheus sequel and Alien.

, Fox was pursuing a sequel with Scott, Noomi Rapace, and Michael Fassbender involved, and talking to new writers in case Lindelof did not return. In December 2012, Lindelof ultimately chose not to work on the project. Early on, Scott stated the film would feature no xenomorphs as he wanted to phase the xenomorph out to focus on David 8, whose A.I. was the new alien lifeform. He later made statements confirming the xenomorph's presence in the film, mainly due to feedback to Prometheus.

On September 24, 2015, Scott disclosed the film's title as Alien: Paradise Lost. In November 2015, he revealed the new title was Alien: Covenant, and that filming would begin in February 2016 in Australia. An official logo, synopsis and release date were released on November 16, 2015. In an interview about the development of the David character since Prometheus, Scott described the dark turn David would take in Covenant: "'He hates them. He has no respect for Engineers and no respect for human beings.'"

Writing

The initial screenplay was written by Transcendence screenwriter Jack Paglen in June 2013. In March 2014, Michael Green was hired to rewrite Paglen's script. Dante Harper later wrote a new script, but an extensive rewrite was performed by screenwriter John Logan. Logan had previously worked with Scott on Gladiator.

For Logan, the main concept was to adopt a dual plot line for the film that would combine the horror elements of Alien with the philosophical elements of Prometheus. He said, "With Alien: Covenant, I just really wanted to write something that had the feel of the original Alien, because seeing that movie was one of the great events of my youth. It was so overpowering in terms of what it communicated to me and its implications, that when I started talking to Ridley about what became Alien: Covenant, I said, 'You know, that was a hell of a scary movie.' I wanted to write a horror movie because the Grand Guignol elements of Alien are so profound. We tried to recapture that with Alien: Covenant, while also trying to pay homage to the deeper implications of Prometheus. In terms of tone, pace, and how we chose to play this particular symphony, we wanted to create a really frightening movie."

Pre-production
In late August 2015, Scott confirmed that he had started scouting locations for the film. In October 2015, the Australian government attracted the production of this film, and of Thor: Ragnarok, to Australia by providing AU$47.25 million in grants. Woz Productions Ltd., a subsidiary of 20th Century Fox, visited Te Anau, New Zealand, on March 28, 2016, to scout locations for filming in Fiordland.

Casting
In August 2015, it was announced that the film would star Rapace and Fassbender, while Rik Barnett was in talks to join the cast. That December, Katherine Waterston was cast in the lead role of Daniels; it was Waterston's second film alongside Fassbender, after Steve Jobs. Summer Glau, Carolyn Murphy and Alice Eve were also being considered. Dariusz Wolski, longtime collaborator with Scott, was confirmed to serve as the film's cinematographer. In 2016, Ridley Scott stated that Noomi Rapace would not reprise her role of Elizabeth Shaw. However, in June, it was announced that Rapace would shoot a week's worth of scenes (though no new footage of hers appeared in the final film). Creature designer Carlos Huantes said in a 2019 interview that he believed it was the studio's decision to remove her from the film.

In February 2016, Danny McBride, Demián Bichir, Jussie Smollett, Amy Seimetz, Carmen Ejogo, Callie Hernandez, Billy Crudup, and Alexander England were reported to have joined the cast. In March 2016, newcomer Benjamin Rigby also joined the cast. In December 2016, it was announced James Franco had been cast in the role of Captain Branson, husband to Daniels and captain of the Covenant. The role of Branson in the film was limited to a cameo appearance of the deceased captain.

Production design
Adam Savage went on a tour of several of the props and stage sets used in the filming which included an alien spaceship which had first appeared in Prometheus. This set had to be recreated for Alien: Covenant as the set used in Prometheus had been destroyed. In an article for The Hollywood Reporter, Patrick Shanley interviewed the art director for the film, Damien Drew, and creature design supervisor Conor O'Sullivan regarding the involvement of the San Diego Zoo and its representative Rick Schwartz as a consultant for the design of the realistic effects of the creatures and Xenomorphs appearing throughout the film as Scott wanted a more 'organic' feeling to the creatures as opposed to the 'biomechanical' inspiration of H.R. Giger which had inspired the creature designs in the original films. Scott provided anatomical studies and references from La Specola, a natural history museum in Florence, to O'Sullivan as inspiration.

The VFX supervisor Charles Henley summarized the several vendors that were used to support production of the visual special effects seen in the film when the selection process was discussed, stating, "Both history and need guided the decisions on which vendors we used. Ridley had worked with MPC on many previous projects, in particular Prometheus for which I was MPC's VFX supervisor as well as The Martian. There had a been a lot of great digital double and creature work done at MPC on recent projects so there was confidence they should be the lead facility. Framestore had recently worked with Ridley on space for The Martian, similarly Animal Logic now had the original crew who did the holograms for Prometheus. Also as we were shooting in Australia there was good reason and incentives to use Australian-based companies and so Luma and Rising Sun came on board."

Filming

Principal photography for the film began on April 4, 2016, at Milford Sound in Fiordland National Park, New Zealand, and wrapped on July 19, 2016. Some footage was also filmed at Leavesden Studios in England, which included reshoots. The complete list of countries used for filming were listed by BFI in Sight & Sound as the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Previous partial lists often listed only one of the four countries involved in the development and production of the film.

Effects houses Odd Studios and CreatureNFX provided the film's makeup and animatronic creature effects, respectively, while Australian-based effects house Animal Logic provided the film's digital visual effects. Approximately 30 people from CreatureNFX worked on the project for almost six months building animatronics. Actors wearing creature suits with animatronic heads were used to portray the aliens on-set.

Post-production
Pietro Scalia, the editor of the film, spoke of the structural difficulty of integrating the two story lines in the final editing of the film and how the need to keep momentum was important. He did this by not repeatedly jumping between scenes which he said made parts of the film "belaboured and tedious", as well as combining certain scenes and eliminating others. Another issue highlighted was the reveal of David as;

Scott said the first cut of the film was two hours and 23 minutes long, which was eventually edited down to 2 hours and 3 minutes for the released version. Scott used test screenings to decide what to cut.

Music

The musical score for Alien: Covenant was written by Australian musician and composer Jed Kurzel. Initially, Harry Gregson-Williams was selected as the film's composer. When the first trailer was released in late 2016, Kurzel was revealed as the replacement for Gregson-Williams. Themes from Jerry Goldsmith's original score for Alien were incorporated, as well as themes from Marc Streitenfeld's and Harry Gregson-Williams' score for Prometheus. A version of "Nature Boy" sung by Norwegian singer and songwriter Aurora was used in the first trailer, while another song, "Under the Water", was used in a short  promotional film featuring the character Daniels (Katherine Waterston) battling a xenomorph.

Melanie De Biasio's track "I Feel You – Eels Remix" was used as the soundtrack for the in-universe short film Meet Walter, starring Michael Fassbender, that was created to promote the film.

Additional song credits include "Theme from Alien" composed by Jerry Goldsmith, "Das Rheingold, Scene 4: Entrance of the Gods into Valhalla" composed by Richard Wagner, "Take Me Home, Country Roads" by John Denver, "The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo" by Fred Gilbert, "Ancient Flute", "Life" and "We Were Right" composed by Harry Gregson-Williams, and "Let Me Down Easy" by Paolo Nutini.

Release
In the run up to release, 20th Century Fox released a number of short prologue films as part of the marketing for Alien: Covenant. The first, called Prologue: Last Supper, was directed by Ridley Scott's son Luke Scott and features the crew of the Covenant having a last meal before they enter cryosleep. The second prologue, called The Crossing and directed by Ridley Scott, reveals what happened to Elizabeth Shaw (Noomi Rapace) and the android David (Michael Fassbender) following the ending of Prometheus. Another was called Meet Walter, starring Michael Fassbender and directed by Luke Scott, which was a fictional advertisement for the Walter series of androids.

Alien: Covenant premiered on May 4, 2017, at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. The film was released on May 19 in the United States. It was originally set to be released on October 6, 2017, before being moved up to August 4, and then again to its final date.

The version of the film released in China on June 16, 2017, was six minutes shorter than the version released elsewhere due to censorship with most of the scenes involving the aliens and a scene where the two characters played by Michael Fassbender kiss having been cut. The film was released in Japan on September 15, 2017. The Blu-ray, DVD, and 4K Ultra HD releases of the film came out on August 15, 2017. The home release includes an audio commentary by the director and 22 minutes of deleted scenes and unused footage from the first cut of the film.

Adaptations

Novelization
The theatrical release of the film was accompanied by the release of a novelization by Alan Dean Foster, who also authored the novelization of the original Alien film. A companion volume about the film's art and stage design was released at the same time, written by Simon Ward and titled The Art and Making of Alien: Covenant.

A second Covenant novel by Foster was initially billed as a sequel to the film, before being revealed to be a direct prequel to Covenant under the title Alien: Covenant – Origins. Titan Books, as publisher of the book, released a plot summary in advance of its release on September 26, 2017:

Virtual reality
On April 26, 2017, 20th Century Fox released Alien: Covenant In Utero, a virtual reality interactive demo teaser for Alien: Covenant for the Oculus Rift and the Samsung Gear VR. The experience was produced by RSA, FoxNext VR, MPC, Mach1, AMD Radeon, and Dell Alienware. The trailer is a first-person experience in which the viewer plays the role of a neomorph. The experience was executive produced by Scott and directed by David Karlak.

Reception

Box office
Alien: Covenant underperformed at the box office grossing a worldwide total of $240.9 million, including $74.3 million in the United States and Canada and $166.6 million in other countries, against a production budget of $97 million, not including marketing costs. The film was a box office disappointment for the studio, especially when compared to Prometheus which had grossed a worldwide total of $403.4 million.

Fox released the film in several countries before the United States. It was released in 34 markets, where it debuted to $40.1 million, opening at number one in 19 of them. Its overall rank for the weekend was second behind the continued run of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. The top openings were in South Korea ($7.2 million), the UK ($6.4 million), France ($4.5 million), Australia ($3.1 million), and Mexico ($2.5 million). In China, the film was released on June 16 and grossed $30 million, topping the box office. In North America, the film was released alongside Everything, Everything and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, and was projected to gross around $40 million from 3,760 theaters during its opening weekend. It made $4.3 million from Thursday-night previews at about 3,000 theaters, and $15.4 million overall on its first day, which was below the $21.5 million Friday of Prometheus five years prior. It went on to open to $36.2 million, down 30% from Prometheuss debut, but still finishing first at the box office, as the third-highest debut of the series when not counting for inflation. In its second weekend, the film grossed $10.5 million, finishing fourth at the box office and dropping 70.9%. The film was pulled from 1,112 theaters in its third weekend and dropped another 62.3%, finishing sixth at the box office with $4 million.

Critical response

Alien: Covenant received generally positive reviews from critics. The film has  approval from  reviews compiled by review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "Alien: Covenant delivers another satisfying round of close-quarters deep-space terror, even if it doesn't take the saga in any new directions." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 65 out of 100, based on reviews from 52 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its predecessor.

Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw gave the film three stars out of five, stating that Alien: Covenant is "a greatest-hits compilation of the other Alien films' freaky moments. The paradox is that though you are intended to recognise these touches, you won't really be impressed unless you happen to be seeing them for the first time. For all this, the film is very capably made, with forceful, potent performances from Waterston and Fassbender." Geoffrey McNab, writing for The Independent, stated that it "certainly delivers what you'd expect from an Aliens film—spectacle, body horror, strong Ripley-like female protagonists and some astonishing special effects—but there's also a dispiriting sense that the film isn't at all sure of its own identity." He found the screenplay "very portentous" and concluded that "the crew members pitted against the monstrous creatures are trying their darndest to blast them to kingdom come, just as they would in any run-of-the-mill sci-fi B movie."

A. O. Scott of The New York Times said, "Alien: Covenant is an interesting movie ... for all its interplanetary ranging, [it] commits itself above all to the canny management of expectations." Trace Thurman, from Bloody Disgusting, gave the film a mediocre review, noting that although watching Alien: Covenant will make viewers appreciate Prometheus more, "this is a film that was made as a response to Prometheus critics but tries to appease fans of that film as well and it doesn't fully work." He also criticizes the overfamiliarity of the climax and insufficiently developed characters. Collider's review of the film stated that Scott "finds himself stuck between two constructs—the action-horror beats of an Alien film, and the weighty, ponderous themes of a Prometheus movie—and by indulging both, he never fully satisfies either. The result is a messy film that is at turns, exquisite and infuriating."

In a review for The Independent Clarisse Loughrey gave the film five stars describing it as "relentless and overwhelming, but all in the very best of ways" and as a "mightily impressive piece of cinematic engineering" which has brought together the Alien franchise. Loughrey praised Katherine Waterston for her "impressive work" as Daniels and went on to single out Fassbender for playing a "deeply frightening, scene-stealing antagonist". Sinead Brennan for RTÉ, gave the film 7/10, but gave high praise to Fassbender who she says "steals the show; seriously, he's incredible". Meanwhile, Neil Soans in a three star review for The Times of India, highlighted Danny McBride's performance as the most surprising given his comedic roots.

Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com highly praised Alien: Covenant, giving it four out of four stars and stating that the film's structure, although repeatedly borrowing from other Alien films, serves a purpose not unlike the James Bond film series or Star Wars, "where part of the fun lies in seeing what variations the artists can bring while satisfying a rigid structure." He also emphasized that, like previous films of the series, real-world logic should not be applied to the film, and "[i]nstead you have to judge it by the standards of a fever dream or nightmare, a Freudian-Jungian narrative where the thing you fear most is what happens to you." Seitz later voted for it in Sight & Sound as one of the five best films of 2017.

In New York magazine, David Edelstein commented on David the android as representing a new generation of monster villains in the tradition of Frankenstein, stating, "In Star Trek, that man-machine nexus was...hopeful. Here, there's some doubt about David's ultimate motives, which puts Alien: Covenant squarely in the tradition of the Terminator and Matrix movies. And, of course, the novel Frankenstein, which carried the subtitle The Modern Prometheus. No less than Stephen Hawking—who survived with the aid of machines—has predicted that we have 100 years to live before evolved machines take human imperfection as justification for destroying humanity".

Kevin Lincoln, writing for Vulture, gave a strong endorsement of the depiction of David as an arch-villain in the film stating, "...one franchise is showing it's still possible for a modern blockbuster to have a great villain. In Alien: Covenant, David—the android played by Michael Fassbender, first introduced in Prometheus—comes into his own as a fleshed-out, dynamic, and genuinely striking antagonist, one who isn't just an equal match for the heroes, but even becomes the central thread of the series. He's a huge part of what makes Alien: Covenant work."

Writing for Vox, Alissa Wilkinson said that "Alien: Covenant is too muddled to pull off its deeply ambitious Satan allegories". She emphasized the Miltonic demonic aspect of the android David: "But David is a better Satan than Satan himself ... It's as if in the Alien universe, the devil has evolved, thanks to humans creating him. David, fatally, has the ability to create—something Satan never had—and he will use that power only to destroy. He doesn't have any real need to rebel against his maker, since from the moment he became sentient, he knew he'd already won. He is indestructible, and determined to make creatures that imitate his drive for total domination."

Accolades

Future

Possible sequel

In September 2015, Ridley Scott said he was planning two sequels to Prometheus that would lead into the first Alien film, adding, "Maybe [there will] even [be] a fourth film before we get back into the Alien franchise". Scott later confirmed in November that Alien: Covenant would be the first of three additional films in the Alien prequel series before linking up with the original Alien, and stated that the Prometheus sequels would reveal who created the xenomorph aliens. The screenplay for the third prequel film was written during production of Alien: Covenant and finished in 2017, with production originally scheduled to begin in 2018. In March 2017, Scott said, "If you really want a franchise, I can keep cranking it for another six. I'm not going to close it down again. No way."

Scott responded to a question about Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley in the prequels that, "Well, we're heading toward the back end of the first Alien so [using CGI] may be feasible. Ripley's going to be somebody's daughter, obviously. We're coming in from the back end. The time constraints of what's the time between this film, where we leave David going off heading for that colony, I think you're probably two films out from even considering her." In the audio commentary for Alien: Covenant, Scott confirmed that a sequel to Alien: Covenant, tentatively referred to as "Alien: Covenant 2", is being written by John Logan, with Fassbender, Waterston, and McBride reprising their roles. Scott also confirmed that the film will complete his prequel series, leading directly into the events of Alien.

In September 2017, the chief executive officer of 20th Century Fox, Stacey Snider, stated that, although Alien: Covenant was a financial disappointment, the studio still intended to proceed with Scott's sequel. Just days later, screen-graphics designer Carl Braga announced that the project had been delayed. In October, Scott stated that "Alien: Covenant 2" will focus more on the androids and A.I.s, as opposed to the xenomorphs. He said, "I think the evolution of the Alien himself is nearly over, but what I was trying to do was transcend and move to another story, which would be taken over by A.I.s. The world that the A.I. might create as a leader if he finds himself on a new planet. We have actually quite a big layout for the next one." In November 2018, the film's plot details were reported to take place on LV-426 (the world visited by the Nostromo in the original Alien film), with the extraterrestrial Engineers being featured in the film and being in pursuit of David following his nefarious actions against Planet 4.

At the 2019 CinemaCon, it was stated that, after its acquisition of 21st Century Fox, Disney "will continue to create new stories" in the Alien series. In May, Variety reported that another prequel was reportedly "in the script phase", with Ridley Scott attached to direct, but it was still uncertain due to the poor box office returns of Alien: Covenant. In September 2020, Scott confirmed that a new Alien film was in development but it was unclear if this would be a sequel to Alien: Covenant. In August 2021, however, a news report concluded that a sequel is currently uncertain.

Follow-up

By March 2022, Fede Álvarez was attached to write and direct a new film in the series; he pitched his own story to the studio that was said to be "unconnected" to previous films in the franchise. 20th Century Studios announced in March 2023 that a new Alien film would begin production the same month. The film is scheduled to be released in theaters on August 16, 2024.

See also
 List of films featuring extraterrestrials

Notes

References

External links

2017 films
2010s action horror films
2017 horror films
2010s adventure films
2010s science fiction horror films
2017 science fiction action films
2010s monster movies
20th Century Fox films
Alien (franchise) films
American action horror films
American science fiction action films
American science fiction adventure films
American science fiction horror films
American prequel films
American sequel films
American space adventure films
Android (robot) films
Brandywine Productions films
British action horror films
British science fiction adventure films
British science fiction action films
British science fiction horror films
British space adventure films
2010s English-language films
Films about ancient astronauts
Films about artificial intelligence
Films about extraterrestrial life
Films directed by Ridley Scott
Films produced by Walter Hill
Films produced by Ridley Scott
Films scored by Jed Kurzel
Films set on fictional planets
Films set in 2094
Films set in the 2100s
Films set on spacecraft
Films shot at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden
Films shot in New Zealand
Films shot in Sydney
Films with screenplays by John Logan
IMAX films
Interquel films
Interstellar travel in fiction
Mythology in popular culture
Scott Free Productions films
TSG Entertainment films
2010s American films
2010s British films


title: Lochington, Queensland

text:
Lochington is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. At the , Lochington had a population of 128 people.

Geography
Lochington is bounded to the east and south-east by the Nogoa River. The locality is within the Fitzroy River drainage basin.

The Capricorn Highway passes through the northernmost part of the locality from Anakie Siding to Willows.

The Snake Range National Park is within the east of the locality (). It is .

The predominant land use is grazing on native vegetation.

History
Lochington pastoral station obtained a mail service on 1 January 1937.

Lockington Provisional School opened 23 January 1961 on land that was once part of Lockington pastoral station. It became Lockington State School at a new site in January 1965. The school closed 14 December 1979 due to low student numbers. On 29 January 1991, Lochington State School was reopened (but with a new spelling of the name).

In the , Lochington's population was too low to be separately reported and was combined with neighbouring Willows which had a reported population of 308 people.

At the , Lochington had a population of 57 people.

At the , Lochington had a population of 128 people.

On 17 April 2020, the Queensland Government re-drew the boundaries of localities within the Central Highlands Region by replacing the locality of The Gemfields with three new localities of Rubyvale, Sapphire Central and Anakie Siding (around the towns of Rubyvale, Sapphire, and Anakie respectively). This included adjusting the boundaries of other existing localities in the Region to accommodate these changes; Lochington lost a small portion of land to the north to the new Anakie Siding, lost a strip of land from its north-eastern edge mostly to Gindie but gained a small piece of land from Minerva, with the overall effect of reducing the area of the locality from . As a consequence of these changes, the boundary between Lochington and Minerva/Gindie more closely follows the course of the Nogoa River.

Education
Lochington State School is a government co-educational primary (P-7) school at the Lochington pastoral homestead off the Glenlee Road (). In 2013, the school had 3 students (from the same family) and 1 teacher. In 2016, enrolment was 10, in 2017, eight, and in 2018, seven. In 2021, enrolment was six, including three students in their Prep year.

References

Further reading

Central Highlands Region
Localities in Queensland


title: The Recruit (Australian TV series)

text:
The Recruit is an Australian rules football reality television series that aired on Fox8 from 16 July 2014 to 21 September 2016.

The winner of the show was drafted to an Australian Football League (AFL) club's rookie list via a special draft in September at the end of each series. They were listed as a Category B rookie (i.e. the same as an international player or someone who had not played for more than three years).

The first series was hosted by Ryan Fitzgerald and featured Michael Voss as the head coach. Mick Malthouse replaced Voss as head coach for the second series. Other key members of the program are former Hawthorn player Ben Dixon as Assistant Coach, Leigh Russell as the Elite Performance Manager, and Port Adelaide fitness coach Darren Burgess as the High Performance Coach.

Contestants must not have been previously selected to an AFL club list, be over 20 years of age, and have not played in a senior state league in the past two years.

On 18 September 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. Originally scheduled to air in 2015, it was later announced it would air in 2016 due to multiple factors, one of which was the departure of Voss as coach.

On 3 August 2015, it was announced Gary Buckenara would be a scout in the second season, and that Fitzgerald will not return as host (although he did return as host for the live finale).  The second and final season began on 20 July 2016.

Series overview

Season 1

Contestants
The final squad of 13 players was selected from 50 contestants.

Season 1 episodes (2014)

Season 2

Contestants
The final squad of 15 players was selected from 50 contestants.

Season 2 episodes (2016)

Guests

See also

 List of Australian television series

References

External links

Fox8 original programming
Australian rules football television series
2010s Australian reality television series
2014 Australian television series debuts


title: Mercato di Porta Nolana, Naples

text:
The Mercato di Porta Nolana (Porta Nolana Market) is a pedestrian market, mainly of seafood and produce on via Nolana in Naples, Italy. It is most crowded in the night before Christmas Eve when the locals buy the seafood for the traditional meals. It is located off Piazza Nolana, parallel to Corso Giuseppe Garibaldi, thru Porta Nolana, near a local train station, Porta Nolana with the Circumvesuviana lines.

References

Buildings and structures in Naples


title: The Appeared

text:
The Appeared () is a 2007 Spanish-language horror film with thriller and road movie elements directed and written by Paco Cabezas. The movie had its world premiere on October 5, 2007 at the Sitges Film Festival and stars Ruth Díaz and Javier Pereira as two siblings in a journey across the Argentine Patagonia caught up in a horrific series of events.

Synopsis
Siblings Malena and Pablo have decided to set out on a road trip to allow Pablo to discover more about their father, who is on life support. Their destination is the old family home in Argentina and initially the trip is fairly mundane. This all changes when Pablo discovers an old journal hidden within their car. The journal details a series of gruesome crimes and Pablo pushes for the two of them to travel to the various landmarks and places described in the journal while they are on their road trip. They end up stopping for the night at a hotel detailed in the journal, where the Leonardi family was brutally slaughtered. Pablo and Malena take the room adjacent to the room the Leonardis met their deaths and are horrified to overhear a spiritual reenactment of the murders. The siblings decide to flee but Pablo forgets the book and must return to retrieve it. This nearly ends with Pablo's death and when he has reached safety Pablo notices that some of the details in the book have changed, making him wonder if it is possible for him to change the past. However, as they travel Pablo finds that his quest to discover more about his father is bringing both siblings revelations that they are ill-prepared to deal with.

Cast

Release
The film was presented at the 40th Sitges Film Festival in October 2007. The theatrical release in Spain was set, after several delays, to December 12, 2008, whereas the theatrical release in Argentina was scheduled for December 3, 2009.

Reception
Las Horas Perdidas gave a positive review for The Appeared and cited Ruth Díaz's acting as one of the film's highlights. HorrorNews.net also gave a favorable review and wrote that "Various plot twists keep the storyline alive, as the movie’s length of 120 minutes seems long but fitting for the story to develop in a shocking fashion." Den of Geek was more mixed in their review and commented that "Overall, it is a good effort, but with the obvious downfalls, and is hurt by one of the cheesiest endings I have ever witnessed. Still, it's definitely worth a watch, and while it's not a groundbreaking movie in any sense, it certainly has its moments." Nuria Vidal of Fotogramas scored 3 out of 5 stars, highlighting the setting where the film takes place as the best thing about it, likewise pointing out at the overly predictable plot outcome as the worst thing about it.

See also
 List of Spanish films of 2008
 List of Argentine films of 2009

References

External links
 The Appeared at ICAA's Catálogo de Cinespañol

2007 films
2007 horror films
2000s Spanish-language films
Spanish horror films
Films set in Argentina
Films directed by Paco Cabezas
Films set in 2001
2000s Spanish films
Argentine horror films
2000s Argentine films