title: Elaeagia

text:
Elaeagia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found from Mexico to tropical America.

Species

Elaeagia alterniramosa Steyerm.
Elaeagia arborea D.A.Simpson
Elaeagia asperula Standl. ex Steyerm.
Elaeagia auriculata Hemsl.
Elaeagia barbata Steyerm.
Elaeagia chiriquina C.M.Taylor
Elaeagia cuatrecasasii Steyerm.
Elaeagia cubensis Britton
Elaeagia ecuadorensis Steyerm.
Elaeagia glossostipula C.M.Taylor
Elaeagia grandis (Rusby) Rusby
Elaeagia karstenii Standl.
Elaeagia laxiflora Standl. & Steyerm.
Elaeagia magniflora Steyerm.
Elaeagia maguirei Standl.
Elaeagia mariae Wedd.
Elaeagia microcarpa Steyerm.
Elaeagia mollis Rusby
Elaeagia multinervia Steyerm.
Elaeagia myriantha (Standl.) C.M.Taylor
Elaeagia nitidifolia Dwyer
Elaeagia obovata Rusby
Elaeagia pastoensis L.E.Mora
Elaeagia ruizteranii Steyerm.
Elaeagia utilis (Goudot) Wedd.

References

External links
 Elaeagia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae genera
Dialypetalantheae


Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (, commonly referred to as HAKOM), is Croatia's government regulatory agency tasked with regulating the telecommunications, postal, and rail industries.

In its present form, HAKOM was established in 2008 after the merger of two earlier regulatory agencies, the Croatian Telecommunications Agency (HAT) and the Postal Services Council (VPU). In 2014, the former  Rail Market Regulatory Agency was also merged into HAKOM.

HAKOM is governed by its council, which includes five members, who are all appointed for five-year terms by the Croatian Parliament. They can also be dismissed by a vote in the Parliament upon proposal of the government. Decisions of the council are made by a majority vote of all of its members, i.e. any decision requires three council members to agree with.

The agency's executive director is in charge of HAKOM's staff, which performs expert, technical, and administrative roles.

HAKOM is Croatia's representative in a variety of multinational bodies:
European Commission's Communications Committee (CoCom)
European Regulators Group (ERG)
Independent Regulators Group (IRG)
Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG)
Radio Spectrum Committee (RSC)
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (ECPTA)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)

References

Further reading

External links

Government agencies of Croatia
Telecommunications in Croatia
Telecommunications regulatory authorities
Organizations established in 2008
2008 establishments in Croatia
Law of Croatia
Regulators


title: Haribhau Joshi

text:
Haribhau Joshi (died 17 December 2009)  was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was Education minister in Government of Madhya Pradesh. He represented Susner assembly constituency in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He died in 2009. He was a well Known poet. His poetry writings can be found in his book "Jijivisha".

References

2009 deaths
State cabinet ministers of Madhya Pradesh
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1977–1980
People from Agar Malwa district
Year of birth missing
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh


title: Winchelsea South, Victoria

text:
Winchelsea South is a rural locality in the Surf Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia. In the , Winchelsea South had a population of 179 people.

Winchelsea South has always been a sparsely-populated rural area, with the locality most known for a brown coal mine which operated within its boundaries from 1921 until 1928, and again from 1931 to 1932, and from 1943 to 1957. The mine, alternately known as the Winchelsea South, Bambra or Wensleydale coal mine, was owned respectively by Western District Coal Mines Pty. Ltd, Otway Coal Co. Ltd, Wensley Bray Coal Mine Pty. Ltd. and finally Roche Bros. Pty. Ltd. It sold coal to industrial establishments in Geelong, and supplied the cement works at Fyansford.

In 1923-24, an aerial ropeway  was built from the mine to a coal loading bin on the Wensleydale railway line, and it operated until the mine's closure in 1932. The ropeway was damaged in the 1939 Black Friday fires and did not reopen with the mine in 1943. The mine's final owners installed coal loading facilities at Winchelsea railway station instead, and sold the coal further afield within Victoria.

The mine closed in 1957, having produced about three million tons of coal. The opening of a newer mine at Anglesea, which was said to be more easily worked, was given as a major reason for its closure. The Wensleydale mine was flooded thereafter, becoming a lake, which has been used for water sports, and forms one of the main features of the locality today.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)


title: Vikram Joshi

text:
Vikram Joshi (2 February 1977 – 14 April 2018) was an Indian quizzer and quizmaster who won the World Quizzing Championship (WQC) 2014. He was the first winner who wasn't based in England. In the 2013 contest, he stood 9th.

Named after the scientist Vikram Sarabhai, Joshi was born and raised in a scholarly Konkani Saraswat family based in Mumbai. Academically meritorious throughout, he studied Instrumentation Engineering at Vivekanand Education Society's Institute of Technology (VESIT), followed by a master’s in Computer Science Engineering at the University of Virginia. Soon after he worked at Sun Microsystems in Boston before returning to India, where he worked as a creative media professional.

After his WQC win, Joshi appeared in the eighth season of Kaun Banega Crorepati (an Indian television game show based on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?) as one of the experts on the 'Triguni' lifeline (similar to the Three Wise Men lifeline on the US edition)

Joshi had been a quizmaster on several university quizzes, including ones at IIT Bombay, IIT BHU, and IIM Indore.

In 2018, he hosted the first National Elections Quiz conducted by the Election Commission of India.

Joshi was first diagnosed with lymphatic cancer in 2011. He died on 14 April 2018.

References

Quiz championship players
1977 births
2018 deaths
Sportspeople from Mumbai
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Game players from Maharashtra


title: Hemaben Acharya

text:
Hemaben Acharya  is a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She was Health minister in Government of Gujarat from 1975 to 1980. She represented Junagadh (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly.

References

State cabinet ministers of Gujarat
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
People from Junagadh district
Women in Gujarat politics
Living people
Gujarat MLAs 1975–1980
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Women state cabinet ministers of India
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Christian Heath

text:
Christian Heath is Professor of Work and Interaction at King's College London. He is known for his research  in which he uses video to analyse social interaction in everyday settings in particular the workplace.

Career
In 1977 Heath was appointed Research Fellow in the Department of General Practice, University of Manchester working with the late Professor P.S Byrne. In 1986 Heath published Body Movement and Speech in Medical Interaction  which drew on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis to analyse multimodal communication in the general practice consultations, including the physical examination, the opening and closing of the consultation and the use of medical records and early computers.

In 1988 while continuing research on medical interaction, including studies of diagnosis, the expression of pain, and the management of embarrassment, he was granted leave from the University of Surrey firstly to undertake an Alexandra von Humboldt Stiftung Fellowship at the University of Constance with Thomas Luckmann and then to become a Visiting Senior Fellow at the EuroPARC, (the European base of Xerox PARC at that time) in Cambridge. With Paul Luff he explored the interactional foundations of technology use in a variety of settings, including architectural practices, medical consultations and the control rooms of London Underground. These projects and the collaboration with Paul Luff led to the organization of the Work, Interaction and Technology (WIT) Research Group, now Research Centre. Since 1998 WIT has been based at King's College London.

In 2000 Heath published Technology in Action  which addressed diverse issues including collaborative production of news stories, teamwork in traffic control, and the interactional incongruities that arise in media spaces and virtual environments. These studies became part of the emerging fields of Workplace Studies and CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) and contributed to knowledge of embodied action and multimodal interaction in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. Heath's research was undertaken in close collaboration with industry and the public services; the results were used in the design and development of paper-digital technologies, media spaces and virtual environments, and also in the creation of systems to enable event recognition for European transport operators including London Underground and the RATP Paris.

In the late 1990s, Heath continued to study work and organisation, medical and healthcare settings and auctions of art and antiques. He collaborated with Dirk vom Lehn, Jason Cleverly and colleagues at WIT, to examine communication in museums, galleries and science centres, focussing on how people engage and respond to exhibits and exhibitions through social interaction. The programme of research involved close collaboration with museums and galleries in the UK and abroad including the Science Museum London, Tate Britain, the V&A and the Exploratorium San Francisco.

In 2010, with Jon Hindmarsh and Paul Luff, he published Video in Qualitative Research, an introduction to using video analysis in the study of social interaction in everyday life.

Since 1998 Heath has also been series editor with Roy Pea and Lucy Suchman of the Cambridge University Press book series Learning and Doing: Social Cognitive and Computational Perspectives.

A Festschrift was held for Christian Heath at the University of Bayreuth in 2012.

In 2013 Heath published The Dynamics of Auction: Social Interaction and the Sale of Fine Art and Antiques. It was awarded the Prize for the Best Book (2010-2014) by the International Society for Conversation Analysis.

In 2014, Christian Heath was presented with the EUSSET-IISI Lifetime Achievement Award - awarded to scholars for an outstanding contribution to the reorientation of the fields of computing and informatics.

In 2014 he became a Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Arts Scholars and was granted the Freedom of the City of London in 2015.

He is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Selected publications

 Heath, C.C. and P. Luff (2000) Technology in Action  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

References

External links
Google Scholar report
Profile at King's College

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences


title: Nepheloploce

text:
Nepheloploce is a genus of moths of the family Tortricidae. It contains only one species, Nepheloploce nephelopyrga, which is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Etymology
The genus name is a combination of the Greek words  (meaning cloud) and  (meaning texture, or the way things are put together).

References

Moths described in 1938
Olethreutini
Monotypic moth genera
Moths of Africa
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: Amy Allison

text:
Amy Allison is an American country music artist and the daughter of jazz-blues musician Mose Allison. She became interested in country music as a kid growing up on Long Island, and first began making music as the lead singer of Amy Allison and the Maudlins. She then joined Ryan Hedgecock to form the country duo Parlor James in 1994, before embarking on a solo career in 1996.

Early life
Allison grew up on Long Island, where she was raised by her parents, Mose and Audre Allison. She is the second of their four children. She has recalled to American Songwriter that, as a child, she felt she was the only one in Long Island who listened to country music. She has cited Billie Holiday and Loretta Lynn as some of her musical influences.

Musical career
Allison began her musical career as the frontwoman of "Amy Allison and the Maudlins", a band that performed at Dixon Place in New York City's East Village. She also teamed up with Ryan Hedgecock (the founder of country group Lone Justice) to form the musical duo Parlor James in 1994. In 2010, she performed the Buddy Johnson song "This New Situation" as a duet with her father, which appeared on his album "The Way of the World". She has also performed on albums by the Silos, They Might Be Giants, and Mudhoney's album Under a Billion Suns. In 2000, fellow Diesel Only Records artist Laura Cantrell included her cover of Allison's song, "The Whiskey Makes You Sweeter," which originally appeared on the Maudlin Years, on her album Not the Tremblin' Kind. Allison later became well known in the United Kingdom from her performances opening for Cantrell on tour in 2002. Since then, she co-written tracks on Cantrell's albums No Way There From Here, and "Kitty Wells Dresses: Songs of the Queen of Country Music."
In 2014 her song "Her Hair Was Red" was included on Emmylou Harris and Rodney Crowell's album "The Traveling Kind" produced by Joe Henry.

Solo career
Allison released her solo debut album, The Maudlin Years, in 1996 on Koch Records. It compiled songs she recorded with the Maudlins, as well as some songs she had originally recorded as demos. Elvis Costello later ranked it as one of his "500 essential albums" in Vanity Fair. She followed it up with 2001's Sad Girl, which was described by Peter Margasak as "an elegant, detailed mix of pedal-steel-soaked country and blue-eyed soul". Her next three albums were No Frills Friend (2003), Everything and Nothing Too (2006), and Sheffield Streets (2009). In 2011 Allison released a duet album with David Scott of the Pearlfishers, entitled "Turn Like the World Does". In 2021 Allison completed her latest collection of songs called "Pop Tunes and the Setting Sun" with tracks produced by Don Heffington, Lee Feldman and David Scott.

Reception
Erik Hage is Allmusic described Allison as: "..far from any kind of spotlight she has continued to carve out a career as an extraordinary songwriter, and singular performer". Allison's voice has often been described by critics as nasal and high-pitched, and as an "acquired taste" that seems off-putting at first but becomes more attractive after repeated listens, or which may drive some listeners away entirely on its own. Her voice has also led critics to compare her to a wide variety of well-known country artists, including Neil Young, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Iris Dement, and "a less urbane Victoria Williams." Jad Fair has described her as one of his favorite songwriters.

Many critics have also noted that Allison's music often focuses on very depressing topics. In response to critics making this observation, Allison said, "Maybe I do tend to concentrate on the more miserable aspects of life in my work, but it's a thrill when you have a good idea for a song, and you're doing it, and communicating. I have really good experiences performing live, with people really responding. And my songs always include humor."

Critics' comparisons of Allison's music to that of her father have varied. Mark Keresman noted that while Allison's music is a different genre than her father's, they nevertheless share "a similar succinctness, wry humor, and keen eye for the perils of the human condition." Billboard also highlighted the shared succinctness of her and her father's music in its review of the Maudlin Years.

Discography
The Maudlin Years (Koch, 1996)
Sad Girl (Glitterhouse/Diesel Only, 2001)
No Frills Friend (Diesel Only, 2003)
Everything and Nothing Too (Shoeshine, 2006)
Sheffield Streets (Urban Myth, 2009)
(with David Scott) Turn Like The World Does (My Dark Star, 2012)
Pop Tunes and the Setting Sun (2021)

References

External links

Living people
People from Long Island
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
MNRK Music Group artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Country musicians from New York (state)
21st-century American women musicians


title: Julie Hayes

text:
Julie Hayes (born 2 May 1973 in Ryde, Sydney) is an Australian former cricket player.

Hayes played 111 Women's National Cricket League matches and two Women's Twenty20 matches for the New South Wales Breakers.

Hayes played six Tests, 59 One Day Internationals and two Women's Twenty20 Internationals for the Australia national cricket team. She was the 140th women to play Test Cricket for Australia.

Hayes took the deciding wicket in a bowl-out in the first Women's Twenty20 International played in Australia, when the Australian women played the New Zealand at the Allan Border Field on 18 October 2006.

References

1973 births
Australia women One Day International cricketers
Australia women Test cricketers
Australia women Twenty20 International cricketers
Living people
New South Wales Breakers cricketers
Cricketers from Sydney
Sportswomen from New South Wales


title: Crassodontidanus

text:
Crassodontidanus is an extinct genus of sharks and the sole member of the family Crassodontidanidae, in the order Hexanchiformes. It contains two extinct species.

Species
 Crassodontidanus serratus Fraas, 1855
 Crassodontidanus wiedenrothi Thies, 1983

References

Jurassic sharks
Cretaceous sharks
Fossils of Germany
Prehistoric shark genera
Sinemurian first appearances
Fossil taxa described in 2011
Hexanchiformes


title: Kue bagea

text:
Kue bagea (also called sago cake) is a cake originating from Ternate in North Maluku, Indonesia. It has a round shape and creamy color. Bagea has a hard consistency that can be softened in tea or water, to make it easier to chew.  It is prepared using sago, a plant-based starch derived from the sago palm or sago cycad.

See also

Kue

References

Kue
Indonesian cuisine


title: Recaraceria

text:
Recaraceria is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

Species
Recaraceria hormoterma (Meyrick, 1938)
Recaraceria carceraria (Meyrick, 1913)

Etymology
The genus name is a combination of letters using those of the name of the type-species of the genus (Recaraceria carceraria) plus an extra e.

See also
List of Tortricidae genera

References

External links
tortricidae.com

Olethreutini
Moth genera


title: Virdhi Chand Jain

text:
Virdhi Chand Jain (1920-2010) was an Indian freedom fighter, parliamentarian and lawyer. He was a Member of Parliament for Barmer in Rajasthan and former Member of Legislative Assembly in Barmer constituency from Rajasthan.
He was a party member of Indian National Congress.

Personal
Late Shri Virdhi Chand Jain also known as Vridhi Chand Jain, son of Shri Rawat Mal Jain, was born on 4 July 1920 in a Bohra Jain family at Chohtan, Barmer, Rajasthan. A Commerce and Law graduate, studied at Sanatan Dharma College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. He was married to Late Smt. Mooli Devi and has three sons, and 9 grandchildren. Late Shri Virdhi Chand Jain was Bohra - Jain by religion and was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) party.

Member of Parliament

MLA/Member of Barmer assembly constituency

Social activities
Fought for the cause of the downtrodden, oppressed and eradication of dacoit menace; pleaded the cause of agriculturists in eradicating "Begar" and Lag Bag and introducing "Baghori" (cash rent) in Barmer District of Rajasthan.

References

Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan
People from Barmer, Rajasthan
1920 births
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1984–1989
Rajasthan MLAs 1972–1977
2010 deaths
20th-century Indian Jains
Rajasthan MLAs 1967–1972
Rajasthan MLAs 1977–1980
Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan


title: Tor Troéng

text:
Tor Troéng (born January 25, 1983) is a retired Swedish mixed martial artist previously fighting as a Middleweight for the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He was a member FX's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen.

Early life
Troéng started to train martials arts in his hometown of Umeå, Sweden at the age of 9, starting doing MMA when he was 16. Troéng went to Umeå University, where he earned a master's degree in Engineering Physics.

Mixed martial arts career

Early career
After going 6 amateur-fights 2001-2004, Troéng started doing MMA as a professional in 2005 mostly fighting in smaller promotions in Sweden and other parts of Europe. Since Troéng didn’t have a manager at the time, he accepted every fight that he was offered, even against opponents that was considered to be way above him in the ranks, which was leading to him being an underdog in a lot of his fights. Despite all this, by 2012 he had racked up a record of 15-4-1 (11-1-1 in his last 13 fights) with a victory over UFC veteran Mark Weir and fights against notable opponents like Mamed Khalidov, Lucio Linhares, former UFC title challenger Thales Leites and Pride veteran Daniel Acácio. Troéng is considered one of the best middleweight mixed martial artists to come out of Sweden and Scandinavia.

The Ultimate Fighter
In January 2013, it was announced that Troéng was selected for The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen. To get into the TUF house, Troéng defeated Scott Rosa by submission (rear-naked choke).  During the choosing of teams, he was the fourth pick of Chael Sonnen for Team Sonnen and seventh overall. He faced Josh Samman in the preliminary round. He lost the fight by KO.

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Troéng made his UFC debut against castmate Adam Cella on April 6, 2013, at UFC on Fuel TV 9. He won the fight via submission due to a rear naked choke in the first round.

Troéng fought Rafael Natal on September 4, 2013,  at UFC Fight Night: Teixeira vs. Bader. Early in the second round Troeng was knocked down by a huge right hand followed up by some ground and pound from Natal, but was able to survive and recover from it. He lost by unanimous decision. The performance earned him Fight of the Night honors along with Natal.

Troéng was expected to face TUF 17 castmate Robert McDaniel on March 15, 2014, at UFC 171. But he was later forced to withdraw from the bout due to a shoulder injury and was replaced by Sean Strickland.

Troéng faced Trevor Smith on July 19, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 46. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.

Troéng faced Krzysztof Jotko on October 4, 2014, at UFC Fight Night: Nelson vs. Story. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.

After his loss to Jotko, Troéng retired from MMA competition.

Personal life
Troéng has a master's degree in Engineering physics and he is still working part-time doing research in mathematics, at the University of Umeå.

After retiring from his own fighting career, Troéng has since taken the role as a fight promoter. In doing so he has brought back the Swedish organisation Battle of Botnia, which he fought for himself in 2009 and 2011, and which had been inactive for about four years. The first event under the organisation's new promotion, and the fifth in total count, took place on November 28, 2015, at Battle of Botnia 2015, in Troéng's hometown of Umeå. The event was headlined by Troéng's former training partner, UFC veteran Niklas Bäckström, and the card did also feature up and coming fighters from Troéng's own gym, Renyi Fight Camp.

Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Fight of the Night (One time) vs Rafael Natal

Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center| 16–7–1
|Krzysztof Jotko
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Nelson vs. Story
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 16–6–1
|Trevor Smith
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: McGregor vs. Brandao
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Dublin, Ireland
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 16–5–1
|Rafael Natal
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Teixeira vs. Bader
 |
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Belo Horizonte, Brazil
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 16–4–1
|Adam Cella
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|UFC on Fuel TV: Mousasi vs. Latifi
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:11
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 15–4–1
|Mats Nilsson
|Decision (unanimous)
|The Zone FC 10
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Gothenburg, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 14–4–1
|Andre Reinders
|KO (punch)
|Gladiator Championship Fighting 7 - Redemption
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:17
|Prague, Czech Republic
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 13–4–1
|Tomas Kuzela
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Battle of Botnia 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:05
|Umeå, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 12–4–1
|Robert Jocz
|Decision (unanimous)
|Superior Challenge 7
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 11–4–1
|Thales Leites
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Superior Challenge 6
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:33
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 11–3–1
|Rafael Silva
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Superior Challenge 5
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:44
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 10–3–1
|Matt Thorpe
|Submission (kimura)
|Battle of Botnia 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:02
|Umeå, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 9–3–1
|Mark Weir
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Superior Challenge 4
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:05
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 8–3–1
|Bruno Silva
|TKO (punches)
|Battle of Botnia
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:24
|Umeå, Sweden
|
|-
|Draw
|align=center| 7–3–1
|Mikko Suvanto
|Draw
|FinnFight 10
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Turku, Finland
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 7–3
|Nic Osei
|TKO (punches)
|Rumble of The Kings
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1.11
|Luleå, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 6–3
|Jacek Buczko
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Baltic Storm 3
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:10
|Gdańsk, Poland
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 5–3
|Rodney Moore
|Decision (unanimous)
|Superior Challenge 1
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 4–3
|Daniel Acacio
|Decision
|Fight Festival 23
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Helsinki, Finland
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 4–2
|Fatih Balci
|TKO (doctor stoppage)
|The Zone FC 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:19
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 3–2
|Lucio Linhares
|Decision (split)
|Shooto Finland – Chicago Collision 3
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Lahti, Finland
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center| 3–1
|Mamed Khalidov
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Full Contact Prestige 3 – Khalidov vs. Troeng
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:47
|Poznań, Poland
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 3–0
|Fernando Soares
|TKO (strikes)
|European Vale Tudo 7 - Rebels
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:47
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 2–0
|Matti Makela
|Decision (unanimous)
|Shooto Sweden - Tantogarden
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center| 1–0
|Muhammed Misagi
|TKO (punches)
|Cage Challenge 1
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:10
|Gothenburg, Sweden
|
|-

References

External links

 Tor Troeng - UFC Fans

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Umeå
Swedish male mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Swedish practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Umeå University alumni
Academic staff of Umeå University


title: Léon Fauché

text:
Léon Fauché (born Briey (Meurthe-et-Moselle); 1868–1950) was a French painter who in 1901, with Anquetin, organised the Salon des Refusés at the Pavillon des Arts Décoratifs, and founded the Association The Studio (L'Atelier) with Armand Point.

Fauché studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Nancy and then with Aimé Morot and Chartran in Paris. He exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants with Toulouse-Lautrec, Dethomas and Anquetin. He also showed his work at the Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and The Volpini Exhibition, 1889.

References

1868 births
1950 deaths
19th-century French painters
People from Briey
20th-century French painters


title: Lecheng, Zhaoqing

text:
Lecheng Town is located in the northwest of Gaoyao County in Guangdong Province at the intersection of Gaoyao County, Deqing County and Guangning County.  It covers an area of 94 square kilometers, with 14 villages under its jurisdiction and with a population of 28,000.

Economic development

Agriculture
Lecheng Town is rich in land resources. Agriculture is the foundation of its economic development, with cinnamon and fingered citron  as the main commercial crops. Currently,  over 50,000 mu of land is devoted to cultivating cinnamon.  Cinnamon and finger citron have become the new growth point of the town's economic development, increasing income for farmers. The town has likewise promoted forestry.

Industry
Lecheng Town takes advantage of its local resource and mainly focuses on resource exploitation and utilization. The "Double Introduction" project (introduction of money and technology) has enjoyed great success. It has formed a batch of township enterprises and private enterprises. A distillery, a soft drink plant, a resin factory, a cinnamon factory and a wood factory have been built up in the town. They contribute a lot to the development of the town's economy.

Social Development
Lecheng Town tries to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization to create a good social environment. Since reform and opening up, the town pays more attention to improve social morality and cultural quality. During these  few years, it has gained great success in the development in culture, education and health protection. The security administration of the town has been improved greatly. The local police are trying to crack down pornography, gambling and drug abuse to form a better social environment.

Tourism

Golden Clock Mount is also known as Long Gong Temple. It is located in Lecheng Town, Lingcun village. The temple dated back to the late Qing Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty. In March, 2007, Guangdong Star Group Tourism Development Co. Ltd.invested a lot money to expand the temple. It was built in Chinese traditional style with materials like brick, wood and rock  The new temple covers an area of about 3,000 square meters. It attracts tourists to come for sightseeing, blessing, worshiping the Long Gong etc.

Subordinate village
Heshe Village

Xiyuan Village

Luoban Village

Lingcun Village

Bufu Village

Wuun Village

Jinji Village

Luodai Village

Dongyuan Village

Sike Village

Luoyuan Village

Yincun Village

Xianrenkeng Village

Shebo Village

Demographic data

(Source: the fifth census data)

Total population: 23497

Male population: 11976

Female population: 11521

Household number: 6038

0 to 14 years old (total): 7959

0 to 14 years old (male): 4127

0 to 14 years old (female): 3832

15 to 64 years old ( total): 13414

15 to 64 years old (male): 6885

15 to 64 years old (female): 6529

Above 65 years old (total): 2124

Above 65 years old (male): 964

Above 65 years old (female): 1160

References

External links
 http:LINK TEXT
 http:LINK TEXT
 http:LINK TEXT

Towns in Guangdong
Gaoyao


title: Mirror Stone Cave

text:
Mirror stone cave (or Goa Batu Cermin in Indonesian) is a cave or tunnel located in a rock hill in West Manggarai, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, just a few kilometers to the east of the town of Labuan Bajo.

The cave earns its name from the walls that sparkle when catching the morning sun through a crevice in the roof. The sparkling occurs because the cave walls contain salt, believed to be present from the time that the cave was presumed to be underwater thousands of years ago. Corals and fossils of marine animals have been found in the cave walls supporting the presumption that the district was once underwater.

References

Landforms of Flores Island (Indonesia)
Caves of Indonesia


title: Eleuthranthes

text:
Eleuthranthes is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Eleuthranthes liberiflora, which is endemic to Western Australia.

References

External links
Eleuthranthes in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Monotypic Rubiaceae genera


title: Gemeindepolizei (Nazi Germany)

text:
Gemeindepolizei (GemPo) is the German name for a municipal law enforcement agency. This article deals with the municipal police forces of Nazi Germany. Municipalities with more than 2,000 residents, not having a state police presence, had to have a municipal police department. The mayors were police commissioners. Under them the municipal police departments were led by professional chiefs of police. Towns with over 10,000 residents having a municipal police department were also obliged to have a municipal criminal investigation division.

Organization
Municipalities with more than 2,000 residents, not having a State protection police presence, had to have a municipal police department. In municipalities with less than 2,000 residents, the Gendarmerie was in charge of police protection. During the war, it was planned to extend the responsibility of the Gendarmerie to all towns with less than 5,000 residents, but it did not take place except to a very limited extent. In 1942 municipal police departments existed in 1,338 municipalities with more than 5,000 residents. Of these, five had more than 100,000 residents; 22 had 50–100,00, 591 had 10–50,000, and 720 had 5–10,000 residents.

Municipal police departments

In smaller towns, the Bürgermeister was police commissioner. He was subordinated to the Landrat as head of the Landkreis police administration. In a city that constituted its own Stadtkreis, the Oberbürgermeister was both police commissioner and head of the district police administration. As such he was subordinated to the Regierungspräsident in each Regierungsbezirk. Under the police commissioners the municipal police departments were led by professional chiefs of police.

Source:

Protection Police
The municipal protection police in larger cities were called Kommando der Schutzpolizei, while it in smaller municipalities was called Schutzpolizei-Dienstabteilung.

Source:

Kriminalpolizei
Towns with over 10,000 residents having a municipal police department were also obliged to have a municipal criminal investigation division—Gemeindekriminalpolizeiabteilung. It was supervised by the nearest State criminal investigation department (Kripo-Stelle). As of 1943 all municipal criminal investigation divisions with more than 10 detectives (i.e. mainly in cities with more than 50,000 residents) were transferred to the state Kriminalpolizei.

Ranks in the municipal Kripo

Source:

References

German words and phrases
Police units of Nazi Germany


The 2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Round 1 was held from June to December 2014. A total of 31 teams competing in 7 events were part in this round of the tournament playing for 15 berths in the Round 2, played in February and March 2015.

Teams
Each national association member of the International Hockey Federation (FIH) had the opportunity to compete in the tournament. Teams ranked 21st and lower in the FIH World Rankings current at the time of seeking entries for the competition at early 2013 were allocated to one of the Round 1 events. The following 31 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings, competed in this round of the tournament.

 (29)
 (41)
 (21)
 (23)
 (37)
 (51)
 (59)
 (25)

 (47)
 (33)
 (43)
 (39)
 (34)
 (22)
 (30)

 (61)

 (28)
 (62)
 (60)
 (49)
 (53)

 (36)
 (27)
 (42)
 (24)

 (45)

The teams were split into regional tournaments. Asian teams played at Singapore, Africans played in Kenya, and Oceanians played in Fiji. European teams were split into Lithuania and Czech Republic. Caribbean teams played in Jamaica, and the remaining American teams played in Mexico.

Singapore
Singapore, 21–26 June 2014.

All times are Singapore Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

First round

Pool A

Pool B

Fifth to seventh place classification

Seventh place

Fifth and sixth place

First to fourth place classification

Semifinals

Third and fourth place

Final

Šiauliai
Šiauliai, Lithuania, 27–29 June 2014.

Pool
All times are Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+03:00)

Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, 5–7 September 2014.

Pool
All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00)

Nairobi
Nairobi, Kenya, 5–7 September 2014.

Pool
All times are East Africa Time (UTC+03:00)

Guadalajara
Guadalajara, Mexico, 11–14 September 2014.

Pool
All times are Central Daylight Time (UTC−06:00)

Kingston
Kingston, Jamaica, 30 September–5 October 2014.

Pool
All times are Eastern Standard Time (UTC−05:00)

Suva
Suva, Fiji, 6–11 December 2014.

Pool
All times are Fiji Summer Time (UTC+12:00)

References

External links
Official website (Singapore)
Official website (Siauliai)
Official website (Nairobi)
Official website (Hradec Králové)
Official website (Guadalajara)
Official website (Kingston)
Official website (Suva)

Round 1


title: Weird machine

text:
In computer security, a weird machine is a computational artifact where additional code execution can happen outside the original specification of the program. It is closely related to the concept of weird instructions, which are the building blocks of an exploit based on crafted input data.

The concept of weird machine is a theoretical framework to understand the existence of exploits for security vulnerabilities. Exploits exist empirically, but were not studied from a theoretical perspective prior to the emergence of the framework of weird machines.

Theory

From a theoretical perspective, the emergence of weird machines becomes clear when one considers software as a way to restrict the number of reachable states and state transitions of a computer: The general-purpose CPU is, through software, specialized to simulate a finite-state machine (with potentially very large state space). Many states the CPU could be in are excluded, and certain state transitions are ruled out - for example those that violate the software's security requirements. When the system is somehow moved into a state that "makes no sense" when viewed from the perspective of the intended finite-state machine (through memory corruption, hardware failure, or other programming mistakes), the software will keep transforming the broken state into new broken states, triggered by further user input. A new computational device arises: The weird machine which can reach different states of the CPU than the programmer anticipated, and which does so in reaction to inputs.

Applications

While expected, valid input activates the normal, intended functionality in a computer program, input that was unexpected by the program developer may activate unintended functionality. The weird machine consists of this unintended functionality that can be programmed with selected inputs in an exploit.

In a classical attack taking advantage of a stack buffer overflow, the input given to a vulnerable program is crafted and delivered so that it itself becomes executed as program code. However, if the data areas of the program memory have been protected so that they cannot be executed directly like this, the input may instead take the form of pointers into pieces of existing program code that then become executed in an unexpected order to generate the functionality of the exploit. These snippets of code that are used by the exploit are referred to as gadgets in the context of return-oriented programming.

Through interpretation of data as code, weird machine functionality that is by definition outside the original program specification can be reached also by proof-carrying code (PCC), which has been formally proven to function in a certain specific way. This disparity is essentially caused by a disconnect between formal abstract modelling of a computer program and its real-world instance, which can be influenced by events that are not captured in the original abstraction, such as memory errors or power outages.

Weird machine behaviors are observed even in hardware. For instance, it has been shown that one can do computation with only MOV instructions in x86.

Mitigation

Two central categories of mitigation to the problems caused by weird machine functionality include input validation within the software and protecting against problems arising from the platform on which the program runs, such as memory errors. Input validation aims to limit the scope and forms of unexpected inputs e.g. through whitelists of allowed inputs, so that the software program itself would not end up in an unexpected state by interpreting the data internally. Equally importantly, secure programming practices such as protecting against buffer overflows make it less likely that input data becomes interpreted in unintended ways by lower layers, such as the hardware on which the program is executed.

See also
 Exploit (computer security)
 Return-oriented programming
 Speedrun
 Stack buffer overflow

References

Computer security exploits


title: Tirrenia Studios

text:
The Tirrenia Studios (also known at one point as the Pisorno Studios) are a film studio complex located in the Italian coastal town of Tirrenia in Tuscany. The studios were constructed between 1933-1934 and intended, along with the Fert Studios in Turin, to provide northern competition to the increasingly dominant Cines Studios in Rome. Tirrenia was a new town which had grown with the support of Italy's Fascist regime. Although Italian film production was booming following an early 1930s slump, Tirrenia quickly faced increasing competition from the large Cinecitta studios in Rome which had been opened in 1937 as part of the Fascist's attempt to centralise film production in the capital. Nonetheless, the studios continued to be used, sometimes facilitating location shooting nearby.

During the later stages of the Second World War the studios were requisitioned for other use first by the Germans and later by the Allies. In the post-war years the studios returned to film production, although this has been sporadic. In the 1960s the producer Carlo Ponti took over the studios.

Selected filmography
Films made partly or wholly at the studios:
 The Divine Spark (1935)
 The Two Sergeants (1936)
 All of Life in One Night (1938)
 The Woman of Monte Carlo (1938)
 The Daughter of the Green Pirate (1940)
 Honeymoon (1941)
 The King of England Will Not Pay (1941)
 Idyll in Budapest (1941)
 Short Circuit (1943)

References

Bibliography
 Forgacs, David & Gundle, Stephen. Mass Culture and Italian Society from Fascism to the Cold War. Indiana University Press, 2007.

Italian film studios
Buildings and structures in Tuscany


title: Recaraceria hormoterma

text:
Recaraceria hormoterma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

Moths described in 1938
Olethreutini
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: Glochidion gardneri

text:
Glochidion gardneri is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

References
 http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-90451
 http://arctos.database.museum/name/Glochidion%20gardneri
 http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/9814864/synonym/10049141
 https://www.gbif.org/species/3080656/

gardneri
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Vulnerable flora of Asia


title: Emmeorhiza

text:
Emmeorhiza is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Emmeorhiza umbellata, which is found from northern Trinidad to tropical South America.

References

External links
Emmeorhiza in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Monotypic Rubiaceae genera
Spermacoceae


title: Recaraceria carceraria

text:
Recaraceria carceraria is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Endemic moths of South Africa
Moths described in 1913
Olethreutini


title: United Passions

text:
United Passions (French: United Passions: La Légende du football, literally United Passions: The Legend of Football, also known as United Passions: The Birth of the World Cup) is a 2014 English-language French drama film. It is about the origins of the world governing body of association football, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Ninety-percent funded by FIFA, it stars Tim Roth, Gérard Depardieu and Sam Neill, and is directed by Frédéric Auburtin. It premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 18 May 2014.

The film's North American release on 5 June 2015 was particularly unsuccessful, coinciding with the 2015 FIFA corruption case. In the United States, the film grossed $918 in its opening weekend, was lambasted by critics as propaganda, and is considered to be one of the worst films of all time. The film was also a major box-office bomb, losing $26.8 million worldwide and failing to obtain theatrical distribution in many markets.

Plot

In 1905, after the English football federation rejects an offer to join the formation of an international governing body for football, Robert Guérin forms FIFA, and makes himself the first president. Years after its formation, it is all but unknown. Jules Rimet, then president of FIFA, publicly mocks Uruguay's victory in the 1924 Summer Olympic football games, hoping that this audacious move will make FIFA more publicly visible. However, the media does not publish his mockery. Still optimistic, he decides that the only way to make themselves known is to organize a truly international tournament: the World Cup.

Rimet is at the point of giving up organizing the World Cup due to a lack of funds until he receives an unexpected letter from Enrique Buero. Buero and his South American ties will fund the first World Cup, hoping that in doing so, it will make Uruguay and other South American countries more well-known. Rimet and Buero collude to award the first World Cup to Uruguay. In 1930, Uruguay wins the first World Cup. Rimet remains president of FIFA, working through the Great Depression, looming war, and disagreement among FIFA members; Rimet would organize the 1938 World Cup but would fail to do so in 1942 and 1946 due to World War II.

After the war, Rimet organized two more World Cups in 1950 and 1954. The World Cup and FIFA after the war grew significantly, with many new members joining in many parts of the world. After many years, FIFA is now under the reign of President João Havelange. Havelange is voted into power using expensive trips and various modern lobbying tactics. Havelange sees FIFA as an organization in financial disarray and works to find various sponsors to finance its operation. Throughout his tenure as the president of FIFA, he has a right-hand man, Sepp Blatter, who impresses Havelange with his unrelenting work. Eventually, Blatter becomes the next president of FIFA.

Corruption within FIFA builds up over the years from Havelange's expansion efforts. As president of FIFA, Blatter is tasked to clean this up, for which he is seen as a controversial president. Many FIFA officials attempt to vote him out of office because of how incorruptible he is. In a 2006 vote, Blatter is able to retain his presidency by cowing the corrupt members of FIFA, threatening to expose their ill deeds if they do not endorse Blatter and his anti-corruption campaign by voting for him as the FIFA president.

The film ends with Blatter announcing South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup.

Cast

 Tim Roth as Sepp Blatter
 Gérard Depardieu as Jules Rimet
 Sam Neill as João Havelange
 Fisher Stevens as Carl Hirschmann
 Jemima West as Annette Rimet
 Thomas Kretschmann as Horst Dassler
 Julian Miller as Ludwig Sylow
 Jason Barry as Edgar Willcox
 Martin Jarvis as Sir Stanley Rous
 Bruce Mackinnon as Louis Muhlinghaus
 Anthony Higgins as Lord Kinnaird
 Nicholas Gleaves as Henri Delaunay
 Richard Dillane as Larsen
 Antonio de la Torre as Enrique Buero
 Serge Hazanavicius as Robert Guérin
 Steven Elder as Rodolphe Seeldrayers
 Benn Northover as Max Kahn
 Antony Byrne as Frederick Wall
 Andrew French as Moussa Sougou
 Sean Campion as Werner Lutzi
 Conor Mullen as Ivo Schricker
 Dawn Bradfield as Francesca Guillermod
 Pippo Delbono as Ottorino Barassi
 Natasha Mashkevich as Corinne Blatter

Production
Principal photography took place in Switzerland, Azerbaijan, France and Brazil. The opening scene was shot at a stadium in the Azerbaijani village of Sahil.

FIFA wanted the film finished for release in the summer of 2014, ahead of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil. The film's script was completed in four months. FIFA's original title suggestions for the film were Men of Legend and The Dreammakers.

According to Howler Magazine, $27 million of the film's budget came directly from FIFA while the remaining $5 million came from the Azerbaijani government.

Release
The film's United States release coincided with the 2015 FIFA corruption case, in which several current and former members of FIFA's executive committee were arrested for charges of corruption. The corruption investigation led to the resignation of FIFA's president, Sepp Blatter, following decades of speculation and accusations of corruption at FIFA under his leadership.

The film was accused of ignoring these long-running claims. Roth has said that he asked the filmmakers: "Where's all the corruption in the script? Where is all the back-stabbing, the deals?" He said he attempted to convey these elements through his performance, saying: "It was a tough one. I tried to slide in a sense of it, as much as I could get in there." The film's director, Frédéric Auburtin, claimed he inserted "ironic parts" into the film.

Prior to its release, comedian John Oliver lampooned the film in a segment on his show Last Week Tonight, saying that the "movie, like FIFA itself, looks terrible" and asking, "Who makes a sports film where the heroes are the executives?" The film also faced criticism from the media concerning the £16 million cost of production, more than the annual turnover of most of FIFA's national associations.

Reception

Box office
The film was made on a budget of between $25–32 million, with the Los Angeles Times reporting an estimated budget of $29 million. Roughly £17 million (about USD$27 million; 90% of the total budget) was financed by FIFA. The film was reported to have lost around $26.8 million due to its poor theatrical returns.

In North America, the film was an instant box office bomb. It opened on Friday, 5 June 2015, and grossed a mere $319 on its opening day from 10 theatres in New York City, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., Phoenix, Kansas City, Miami, Minneapolis, Houston, Dallas, and Philadelphia, followed by an even worse $288 on Saturday. For its three-day opening (Friday-to-Sunday), it grossed only $918—the worst opening of all time for a film opening in 10 to 15 theatres in U.S. box office history.

The FilmBar theatre in Downtown Phoenix reported a gross of $9, indicating that only one person bought a ticket to see the film. The film was withdrawn from cinemas by its distributor, Screen Media Films, following its appalling opening weekend performance at the box office. In North America, it ended up becoming the lowest-grossing film of all time, surpassing the previous record held by I Kissed a Vampire ($1,380) in 2012.

For the film's screening at the Zurich Film Festival on 5 October 2014, about 120 people paid $22.70 per ticket to view the film in a 500-seat cinema. Overall, the highest revenue outside of North America came from Russia and the CIS (£144,000), Portugal (£4,000) and Serbia (£2,000), while the revenues from Hungary, Slovenia, Switzerland and Ukraine were minimal. In France, the film was released straight to DVD.

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 0%, with an average rating of 1.01/10, based on 16 reviews. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 1 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike". It is regarded as one of the worst films ever made, and it was also given the site’s Moldy Tomato award for the worst-reviewed film of 2015. The film has been criticized for the poor quality of the drama, the unsuitability of the topic of administrative matters for a movie and the perceived biases of the film, with The Guardian describing it as "cinematic excrement" and "self-hagiography", and others calling it a "cringeworthy, self-aggrandizing affair", and "astonishingly crass".

Several reviewers commented on the irony of the portrayal of Blatter in the film as an anti-corruption campaigner. Sara Stewart of the New York Post described it as "hilariously ill-timed", while Paul Field of the Daily Mirror said that this created "unintentional comedy gold".

Writing in the London Evening Standard, Des Kelly described United Passions as "the worst movie ever made" and "the most extraordinary vanity exercise; a vile, self-aggrandizing, sugar-coated pile of manure where Blatter and Co. manage to make North Korea's Kim Jong-un look self-effacing".

Daniel M. Gold of The New York Times claimed United Passions is "one of the most unwatchable films in recent memory, a dishonest bit of corporate-suite sanitizing that's no good even for laughs". In a later interview, Gold claimed it would make the top three of his list of all-time bad films.

Response from cast and crew
Auburtin, in his first interview since the film's disastrous US opening in June 2015 told The Hollywood Reporter that he tried to strike a balance between "a Disney propaganda film [and] a Costa-Gavras/Michael Moore movie", but the project ultimately tipped in FIFA's favour. He added, "Now I'm seen as bad as the guy who brought AIDS to Africa or the guy who caused the financial crisis. My name is all over [this mess], and apparently, I am a propaganda guy making films for corrupt people."

Roth, who has not seen the film and has declined repeated requests to speak about the film, confessed in May 2015, before the scandal broke, to the German newspaper Die Welt: "Yeah, I apologize I didn't question the director, I didn't question the script", he said. "This is a role that will have my father turning in his grave". He admitted that he took the job for the money, saying it helped him out of a "financial hole", and added: "[B]ut you know what? The hole FIFA has dug for itself is so deep, they'll never get out of it". Roth also added in a Reddit AMA regarding taking the role that "I had two kids in college so I had to make a decision and it was probably poorly judged but once you make that decision you have to follow through" but added "I am glad I did it for my family."

Jason Barry, who plays an investigative reporter in the film, said in an interview that, like Roth, he had not watched it. "It's incredibly unusual for a non-studio to put that much money into a film with no distribution or anything already in place … no pre-sales, no sales done on Cannes," he said, adding "I know when I was doing my ADR—when you do your ADR, you re-do your voice—the director was saying that some of my dialogue was cut because Blatter didn't like the way some of my—because my scenes are with Tim Roth who plays Blatter—and Blatter didn't like the tone of the way I was asking some of the questions. And let's be honest, in the script I'm not asking anything intense in any way shape or form. It makes Blatter out to be what Blatter thinks he is—the shining beacon of world football. It was a vanity project for FIFA."

Accolades
United Passions received the Barry L. Bumstead Award during the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, a special category for critical and financial failures that were not given an eligible release.

See also
 List of association football films
 List of films considered the worst
 List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes

References

External links

 Official trailer

FIFA
2014 films
2010s historical drama films
French historical drama films
Films about the FIFA World Cup
Films set in Azerbaijan
Films set in Brazil
Films set in France
Films set in Uruguay
Films set in Switzerland
Films shot in Azerbaijan
Films shot in Brazil
Films shot in France
Films shot in Switzerland
Sepp Blatter
Sponsored films
English-language French films
2014 drama films
French association football films
Films set in Paris
Films set in Montevideo
Films set in Zürich
Films about businesspeople
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
2010s English-language films
2010s French films
Screen Media films


title: Emmenopterys

text:
Emmenopterys is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in China, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Species
 Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. - China, Vietnam
 Emmenopterys rehderi F.P.Metcalf - Burma, Thailand

References

Rubiaceae genera
Dialypetalantheae
Taxa named by Daniel Oliver


title: Frederick Wootton Isaacson

text:
Frederick Wootton Isaacson (1836-22 February 1898) was an English businessman and Conservative politician.

Born in Mildenhall, Suffolk, he was the son of Frederick Isaacson and Emma Elizabeth née Case. In 1857 he married Elizabeth Marie Louise Jaeger, only daughter of Stephen Jaeger, a banker from Frankfurt, Germany.They had two children: Frederick John Francis Wootton Isaacson (1858-1948) and Violet Marie Louise Wootton Isaacson (1861-1949).

Isaacson initially made a living by the importing of silk. His wife established a millinery business on Regent Street as "Madame Elise", which was subsequently converted into a limited company. He later made a living from imports from the West Indies.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and of the Royal Society of Literature.

He described himself as a "Progressive Conservative" in politics and in 1880 put himself forward as a candidate for the constituency of Wednesbury, but withdrew before the poll took place. At the 1885 general election he narrowly failed to win the parliamentary seat of Stepney by 22 votes. In the following year another election was held, and he was elected as Stepney's Member of Parliament with a majority of 502 over his Liberal Party opponent. At the 1892 general election he held the seat with the narrow majority of 89 votes, but increased this to 470 votes in 1895.

He was a justice of the peace and deputy lieutenant for the County of London. He was also a magistrate in Monmouthshire, where he was chairman of the Nantyglo and Blaina Iron and Coal Company.

He died from influenza and pneumonia at his London residence in Upper Grosvenor Street, aged 61. He was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery.

References

External links

1831 births
1898 deaths
People from Mildenhall, Suffolk
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1886–1892
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
Deaths from influenza
Deaths from pneumonia in England
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
English justices of the peace


title: Peter Danko

text:
Peter Danko (born 1949) is an inventor, designer, and artist. He focuses on creating sustainable designs that center on living in harmony with nature and creating a comfortable future. His work often involves re-purposing and recycling and he prefers to use resources he calls OMG: materials which can be seen by the casual eye to Obviously Manifest Green.

Early life
Danko was born in 1949, in Washington, DC. He attended college with the intention of becoming an illustrator. In 1971, he received an undergraduate degree in fine arts and art history from University of Maryland.

Career
Danko's work been curated by and is in the permanent collection of many museums, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Danko has received the best of NeoCon Silver Award for chair design in 1998, IDSA Certificate of Achievement in 1983, and National Endowment for the Arts Design Fellowships in 1980 and 1975. He has been featured in many books, including Objects for Use: Handmade by Design by Paul J. Smith and Furniture with Soul: Master Woodworkers and Their Craft by David Savage.

References

1949 births
Living people
American artists
University of Maryland, College Park alumni


title: Amalie Øvergaard

text:
Amalie Constance Øvergaard, née Angell (3 March 1874 – 19 November 1960) was a Norwegian women's leader.

She was born in Sørreisa as a daughter of businessman Ingebrigt Angell and Severine Johansen. From 1899 she was married to ship-owner Ragnvald Øvergaard (1866–1923).

She had middle school and commerce school. After marrying she was a housewife, but became active in the Norwegian Housewives' Association, and was for many years the organization's informal financial leader. In 1934 she became the second president of the association. After withdrawing in 1946 she became honorary president. She also chaired the Nordic Housewives' Association from 1945.

Øvergaard especially emphasized the housewives' economic role, urging her members to familiarize themselves with both state and home economics. The organization also cooperated more with the banking and insurance industry during her time as leader. She died in November 1960 and was buried at Vestre gravlund.

References

1874 births
1960 deaths
People from Sørreisa
Norwegian women's rights activists
Burials at Vestre gravlund


title: Glochidion moonii

text:
Glochidion moonii is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. The plant is known as බූ හුනුකිරිල්ල (bu hunukirilla) in Sinhala.

Description
Glochidion moonii has hairy leaves that are lanceolate-oval in shape with acute ends (acuminate), and conspicuously reticulate veins. Branchlets are more or less tomentose. The numerous flowers are pale yellow; male flowers are found on long hairy peduncles while female flowers are sessile. Flowers may be solitary or grouped in axillary fascicles. Fruits are pubescent, strongly 3-lobed capsules, each topped by a persistent style.

Ecology
Glochidion moonii is found in the rain forest understory of low montane and wet zones.

External links
 http://eol.org/pages/1143209/overview
 http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/br0000005100378
 https://www.gbif.org/species/3080460
 https://www.gbif.org/species/120777986
 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50248245

moonii
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Vulnerable flora of Asia


title: Edward Mowinckel-Larsen

text:
Edward Christian Mowinckel-Larsen (13 June 1895 – 7 August 1985) was a Norwegian engineer, civil servant and secretary-general of Norges Varemesse.

Personal life
He was born in Bergen as a son of broker Wilhelm Emil Larsen (1857–1916) and Jørga Mowinckel (1861–1930). On the maternal side he was a nephew of Johan Ernst Mowinckel, Johanne Vogt and Agnes Mowinckel, and a first cousin of Johan Ernst's son Thorolf Beyer Mowinckel.

In 1939 he married Gerda Gundersen from Langesund. His sister Signe married architect Arno Berg.

Career
He enrolled in middle school at Bergen Cathedral School in 1907. Among others he was in the same class as activist Joakim Lehmkuhl and the conductor Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, Jr. After middle school he enrolled in Bergen Technical School whence he graduated in ship engineering in 1916. He worked as such until 1927, when he was hired as a secretary in Norges Varemesse. After stints as head of provisioning in Aker Municipality from 1939 to 1941 and 1945 to 1947, he was the secretary-general of Norges Varemesse from 1947 to 1968. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was arrested, and briefly imprisoned in Møllergata 19 from May to June 1941.

He was also secretary-general of Norsk Fiskerimesse from 1960 to 1965 and in 1969, and headed several Norwegian delegations to foreign expos.

He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav (1968) and the Order of the Lion of Finland, Commander of the Order of Vasa, and a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog and the Order of Leopold, and received the Order of Merit of Austria. He died in August 1985.

References

1884 births
1963 deaths
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian civil servants
Norwegian resistance members
Knights First Class of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Commanders of the Order of Vasa
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Knights of the Order of Leopold II


title: Jervois

text:
Jervois may refer to:

Places

Australia
 County of Jervois, a cadastral unit in South Australia
 Jervois, South Australia, a town on the lower reaches of the Murray River
 Jervois Bridge, over the Port River in Port Adelaide, South Australia
 Jervois Basin Ships' Graveyard on the Port River, South Australia

Hong Kong
 The Jervois, a 35-storey tower in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong
 Jervois Street in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong

New Zealand
 Fort Jervois on Ripapa Island in New Zealand

People

Surname
 General William Jervois (British Army officer) KH (1782 - 1862), Lieutenant Governor of Hong Kong
 Sir William Jervois, GCMG, CB (1821 – 1897), son of the above, British army officer, diplomat and Governor of Straits Settlements, South Australia and New Zealand

Given name
Jervois Newnham, Anglican bishop in Canada


title: The Arizona Kid (novel)

text:
The Arizona Kid is a 1988 novel by Ron Koertge about a summer 16-year-old Billy spends living with his gay uncle and working with racehorses.

Characters
 Billy Kennedy: a 16-year-old from Missouri
 Uncle Wes: Billy's uncle and mentor
 Jack: a horse trainer who expresses himself through the toupee he chooses to wear
 Lew: a co-worker and friend of Billy's
 Cara Mae: an outspoken racehorse rider who develops a relationship with Billy

Reception

Reviews
The American Library Association designated the book a "Best of the Best Books for Young Adults" in 1988.  The School Library Journal praised it, saying "Koertge's marvelous wit (also evident in Where the Kissing Never Stops Little, 1987) out of the mouth of his young hero is a delight, and his compassion for and understanding of Wes and Billy and his summer friends shapes a funny but affecting novel."  The book also received positive reviews from Publishers Weekly and the Emergency Librarian.

Criticism
The book is number seventy-five on the American Library Association's list of the top 100 most frequently challenged books from 1990 to 1999.

See also
 List of most commonly challenged books in the U.S.

References

1988 American novels
American LGBT novels
American young adult novels
American bildungsromans
Gay male teen fiction
1980s LGBT novels
Horse racing novels
Novels set in Tucson, Arizona
LGBT-related young adult novels
Censored books


title: 1986–87 Primera B Nacional

text:
The 1986–87 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 1st season of the newly created professional second division of Argentine football. This was the result of new changes in the entire Argentine football league system, the Metropolitano and Nacional of Primera División disappeared and the previous second division, the Primera B Metropolitana became the third division.

The division was formed by 7 teams from Primera B Metro (the best placed teams from a tournament played previously), 13 teams from regional leagues outside Buenos Aires and 2 teams relegated from Primera División in the 1985–86 season. A total of 22 teams competed, with the champion and runner-up being promoted to Primera División.

Deportivo Armenio won the championship, promoting to Primera along with Banfield (winner of "Torneo Octogonal"). On the other hand, Central Norte (Salta), Atlético Concepción (Banda del Río Salí, Tucumán), and Unión of Villa Krause (San Juan) were relegated to Primera B Metropolitana.

Club information

1: Property of Huracán Corrientes.

Standings
Deportivo Armenio was declared champion and was automatically promoted to Primera División, and the teams placed 2nd to 9th qualified for the Second Promotion Playoff.

Second Promotion Playoff
The Second Promotion Playoff or Torneo Reducido was played by the teams placed 2nd to 9th in the overall standings: Banfield (2nd), Belgrano (3rd), Huracán (4th), Colón (5th), Deportivo Maipú (6th), Deportivo Mandiyú (7th), Chaco For Ever (8th) and Lanús (9th). The winner was promoted to Primera División.

Bracket

1: Qualified because of sport advantage.

Final

Relegation

1: They kept the points earned in previous editions of the Primera B Metropolitana, although the category was new.

2: They had to play a tiebreaker triangular to see which team was relegated.

Note: Clubs with indirect affiliation with AFA are relegated to their respective league of his province according to the Argentine football league system, while clubs directly affiliated face relegation to Primera B Metropolitana. Clubs with direct affiliation are all from Greater Buenos Aires, with the exception of Newell's, Rosario Central, Central Córdoba and Argentino de Rosario, all from Rosario, and Unión and Colón from Santa Fe.

Additional Playoff
Chacarita Juniors, Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) and Central Norte were tied in points, they had to play a tiebreaker triangular in a neutral field to see which team was relegated.

As the 3 matches ended in a tie, it was used the overall table and the matches between the 3 teams and Central Norte was the team with less points, so it was relegated to the Liga Salteña de fútbol.

Top scorers

See also
1986–87 in Argentine football

References

Primera B Nacional seasons
Prim
1986 in South American football leagues
1987 in South American football leagues


title: Piso Halasan

text:
A Piso Halasan (also known as an Eccat, Ekkat, Engkat, or Piso Eccat) is a traditional sword of the Batak people from North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Description
A Piso Halasan is typically a sword with a hilt made of deer horn or antelope horn, although horn-shaped hilts of cast metal are also found. The blade is made of a mixture of several kinds of metal and is used as a deadly weapon in battles. It has a straight back and a narrow point. Its broadest part is near the point, and there is a notch near the hilt. The scabbard is broader at the top and usually terminates at the bottom in a narrow curved point, partly or totally covered with metal. The sword may be adorned with engravings and forged with metals that include poisons.

Cultural
Batak land (North Sumatra) consisted of many kingdoms which were governed by raja (kings or leaders). Piso Halasan was a symbol of power for the kings and leaders in Batak land. Piso Halasan can be translated as The Sword of Happiness, the sword was created to enable the master of the sword to bring happiness to the people they rule. Piso Halasan was a very dangerous weapon and often used in battle. Poison was often applied to the edge of the blade when it was used for battle. Only rich rajas and other dignitaries possessed a Piso Halasan with an ivory hilt, known as a Piso Gading.

See also

Rudus
Balato (sword)

References

Further reading

Weapons of Indonesia


title: Glochidion stellatum

text:
Glochidion stellatum is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

External links
 http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-90765
 https://www.gbif.org/species/3080263/
 https://www.europeana.eu/portal/record/11608/NBGB_NBGB_BELGIUM_BR0000005100064.html
 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Glochidion%20stellatum

stellatum
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Vulnerable flora of Asia


title: Lilian Popescu

text:
Lilian Popescu (born 15 November 1973) is a Moldovan football manager and former player who is currently the manager of FC Zimbru Chişinău.

Honours
Sheriff Tiraspol
Moldovan Super Cup: 2015

Petrocub Hîncești
Moldovan Cup: 2019–20

Individual
Coach of the year in Moldova: 2014

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Moldovan men's footballers
Moldova men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Moldovan football managers
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
CSF Bălți players
People from Fălești District
FC Nistru Otaci managers
FC Tiraspol managers
CSF Bălți managers
FC Sheriff Tiraspol managers
FC Petrocub Hîncești managers
Moldovan Super Liga managers


title: Prosper Philippe Augouard

text:
Prosper Philippe Augouard , C.S.Sp. (17 September 1852 – 3 October 1921) was a French Catholic priest, missionary, and explorer of Africa.

Early life
Augouard was born 17 September 1852 in Poitiers, France. His father was Francis, a carpenter. His mother was Jeanne Adèle, maiden name Barreau.

Career
Augouard was educated at Montmorillon to become a French priest. When Augouard was at Rennes he was a volunteer in the Siege of Paris of 1870–71. During this time he met Bishop Louis Gaston Adrien de Ségur and learned the philosophy of being a Christian bishop. Augouard heard the story told by Antoine Horner of his missions in Zanzibar and East Africa, which motivated him to join the organization known as the Holy Ghost Fathers (C.S.Sp.). He then traveled to Africa in December 1877 as secretary to Bishop Le Berre, Vicar Apostolic of Gabon. In 1879, at age 27, Augouard went on an exploring expedition for about a month to the interior of central Africa. He arrived at Lake Nkunda (aka Malebo Pool) five days after the renowned Welsh journalist and explorer Henry Morton Stanley arrived there.

Augouard is known for exploring the Congo and Ubangi Rivers, for which he was awarded a prize from the Paris Geographical Society. Augouard settled in Brazzaville in 1887. In 1890 he was appointed Bishop of Brazzaville and vicar apostolic of the Upper Congo and Oubangui. In the process of exploration he developed Christian mission stations along some  of the Congo River.
Because of his rapid expansion of missions he was nicknamed Diata-Diata, meaning 'quick-quick'. He was also given the nickname Cannibal Bishop, because many of his Christian followers were former cannibals.

Later life
Augouard returned to Paris for health reasons around 1920. He died 3 October 1921 at the Mother House.

Accolades and awards

 Academy of Moral and Political Sciences award of $3000 in April 1912.
 Officer of the Legion of Honor
 Colonial Medal of Congo
 Medal of 1870
 Commander of the Order of Leopold
 Officer of the Royal Crown of Belgium
 Civic Crown by the National Society to Encourage the Good.

Works
 (1890) La Mission de l'Oubanghi. Conférence, etc.
 (1895) Le Congo et son apôtre Monseigneur Augouard
 (1913) Les deux Congo. 35 ans d'apostolat au Congo français. Mgr. Augouard. Les origines du Congo belge.
 (1924) Un explorateur et un apôtre du Congo français. Monseigneur Augouard, archevêque titulaire de Cassiopée, vicaire apostolique du Congo français. Sa vie, par le baron Jehan de Witte. Ses notes de voyage et sa correspondence. [With plates, portraits, and maps]
 (1926) Monseigneur Augouard, etc. [With portraits]
 (1934) Guirlande enchevêtrée d'anecdotes congolaises

References

Bibliography

External links

19th-century French Roman Catholic priests
19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Republic of the Congo
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Republic of the Congo
People from Brazzaville
1852 births
1921 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Brazzaville


The Initial Point of Boundary Between U.S. and Mexico (Monument No. 258) is the westernmost boundary marker on the international boundary between the United States and Mexico and as such has since its erection marked the southwestern corner of the Continental United States.  According to the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the initial border point is set as one marine league (three nautical miles) south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay, and the border proceeds in a straight line towards the confluence of the Colorado River and Gila River.

The significance of the monument is stated in the inscription on the west side of the original marble shaft:"Initial point of Boundary between the United States and Mexico, established by the Joint Commission, 10 October, A.D. 1849, Agreeably to the Treaty dated at the City of Guadalupe, Hidalgo, February 2, A.D. 1848. John B. Weller, U.S. Commissioner. Andrew B. Gray, U.S. Surveyor.

History
The boundary marker was first established as a cairn of rocks in 1849 following the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. A white marble shaft was manufactured in New York, transported around Cape Horn on the USS Supply to San Diego, and erected and dedicated at the site in Imperial Beach in June, 1851. The marble monument was an obelisk about 20 feet (6 metres) in height, resting on a marble pedestal. On its top was an inverted acorn to symbolize the strength and stature of the California live oak tree.

In 1894 it was found that the initial monument had become so mutilated by visitors that its outlines were nearly destroyed, and its inscriptions partly obliterated. The Barlow-Blanco Commission had the monument renovated in San Diego, reconstructed at the site, and protected with an enclosure in 1894. Excepting for normal wear and tear and some slight vandalism, as of 1974 the marble monument as reconstructed in 1894 still stood at its original site.

Pursuant to President Richard Nixon's "Legacy of Parks", Mrs. Pat Nixon in August 1971 turned over  of surplus Navy land, formerly known as Border Field, to the people of California as a beach park. The area is now known as Border Field State Park.

Prior to 1994, the US-Mexico border fence bisected the marker. In 1994, access to the marker was inhibited from the United States side by Operation Gatekeeper. The current border fence passes several feet to the north of the marker, and it is possible to fully circumambulate the monument from Playas de Tijuana in Mexico, where it remains a popular attraction.

See also
Friendship Park (San Diego–Tijuana)

References

Initial points
National Register of Historic Places in San Diego
Buildings and structures completed in 1851
Monuments and memorials in California
Boundary markers
Mexico–United States border crossings
Buildings and structures in San Diego County, California
Buildings and structures in San Diego–Tijuana
Mexico–United States border
Imperial Beach, California
1851 establishments in California


title: Phyllanthus myrtifolius

text:
Phyllanthus myrtifolius, known as mousetail plant or myrtle-leaf leaf-flower, is a shrub belonging to the genus Phyllanthus of the family Phyllanthaceae endemic to island of Sri Lanka.

Leaves
Numerous in 2-3's on suppressed branchlets, lanceolate-linear.

Trunk
Stems numerous, irregular; branchlets resemble pinnate leaves; B- vertically fissured; young parts finely pubescent.

Flowers
Inflorescence - several together in lax clusters.

Fruits
Purplish red to greenish, small, depressed, slightly 3-lobed, capsule.

Ecology
Along water courses in forest; gardens.

Uses
Hedges; ornamental.

Culture
Known as ගඟ වැ‍රැල්ල (ganga werella) in Sinhala.

References

 http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Mousetail%20Plant.html

External links
 http://www.bonsaihunk.us/Phyllanthus.html
 http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/186360/
 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/np50116a013?journalCode=jnprdf
 http://www.hkflora.com/v2/leaf/euphor_show_plant.php?plantid=1095

myrtifolius
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka


title: Behavior tree (artificial intelligence, robotics and control)

text:
A behavior tree is a mathematical model of plan execution used in computer science, robotics, control systems and video games. They describe switchings between a finite set of tasks in a modular fashion. Their strength comes from their ability to create very complex tasks composed of simple tasks, without worrying how the simple tasks are implemented. Behavior trees present some similarities to hierarchical state machines with the key difference that the main building block of a behavior is a task rather than a state. Its ease of human understanding make behavior trees less error prone and very popular in the game developer community. Behavior trees have been shown to generalize several other control architectures.

Background
A behavior based control structure has been initially proposed by Rodney Brooks in his paper titled 'A robust layered control system for a mobile robot'. In the initial proposal a list of behaviors could work as alternative one another, later the approach has been extended and generalized in a tree-like organization of behaviors, with extensive application in the game industry as a powerful tool to model the behavior of non-player characters (NPCs).
They have been extensively used in high-profile video games such as Halo, Bioshock, and Spore. Recent works propose behavior trees as a multi-mission control framework for UAV, complex robots, robotic manipulation, and multi-robot systems.
Behavior trees have now reached the maturity to be treated in Game AI textbooks, as well as generic game environments such as Unity (game engine) and Unreal Engine (see links below).

Behavior trees became popular for their development paradigm: being able to create a complex behavior by only programming the NPC's actions and then designing a tree structure (usually through drag and drop) whose leaf nodes are actions and whose inner nodes determine the NPC's decision making. Behavior trees are visually intuitive and easy to design, test, and debug, and provide more modularity, scalability, and reusability than other behavior creation methods.

Over the years, the diverse implementations of behavior trees kept improving both in efficiency and capabilities to satisfy the demands of the industry, until they evolved into event-driven behavior trees. Event-driven behavior trees solved some scalability issues of classical behavior trees by changing how the tree internally handles its execution, and by introducing a new type of node that can react to events and abort running nodes. Nowadays, the concept of event-driven behavior tree is a standard and used in most of the implementations, even though they are still called "behavior trees" for simplicity.

Key concepts

A behavior tree is graphically represented as a directed tree in which the nodes are classified as root, control flow nodes, or execution nodes (tasks). For each pair of connected nodes the outgoing node is called parent and the incoming node is called child. The root has no parents and exactly one child, the control flow nodes have one parent and at least one child, and the execution nodes have one parent and no children. Graphically, the children of a control flow node are placed below it, ordered from left to right.

The execution of a behavior tree starts from the root which sends ticks with a certain frequency to its child. A tick is an enabling signal that allows the execution of a child. When the execution of a node in the behavior tree is allowed, it returns to the parent a status running if its execution has not finished yet, success if it has achieved its goal, or failure otherwise.

Control flow node

A control flow node is used to control the subtasks of which it is composed. A control flow node may be either a selector (fallback) node or a sequence node. They run each of their subtasks in turn. When a subtask is completed and returns its status (success or failure), the control flow node decides whether to execute the next subtask or not.

Selector (fallback) node

Fallback nodes are used to find and execute the first child that does not fail. A fallback node will return with a status code of success or running immediately when one of its children returns success or running (see Figure I and the pseudocode below). The children are ticked in order of importance, from left to right.

In pseudocode, the algorithm for a fallback composition is:

 1 for i from 1 to n do
 2     childstatus ← Tick(child(i))
 3     if childstatus = running
 4         return running
 5     else if childstatus = success
 6         return success
 7 end
 8 return failure

Sequence node

Sequence nodes are used to find and execute the first child that has not yet succeeded. A sequence node will return with a status code of failure or running immediately when one of its children returns failure or running (see Figure II and the pseudocode below). The children are ticked in order, from left to right.

In pseudocode, the algorithm for a sequence composition is:

 1 for i from 1 to n do
 2     childstatus ← Tick(child(i))
 3     if childstatus = running
 4         return running
 5     else if childstatus = failure
 6         return failure
 7 end
 8 return success

Mathematical state space definition

In order to apply control theory tools to the analysis of behavior trees, they can be defined as three-tuple.

where  is the index of the tree,  is a vector field representing the right hand side of an ordinary difference equation,  is a time step and
 is the return status, that can be equal to either
Running ,
Success , or
Failure .

Note: A task is a degenerate behavior tree with no parent and no child.

Behavior tree execution

The execution of a behavior tree is described by the following standard ordinary difference equations:

where  represent the discrete time, and   is the state space of the system modelled by the behavior tree.

Sequence composition

Two behavior trees  and  can be composed into a more complex behavior tree  using a Sequence operator.

Then return status  and the vector field  associated with  are defined (for ) as follows:

See also
 Decision tree
 Hybrid system
 Subsumption architecture

References

External links
 ROS behavior tree library
 Unreal Engine 4 behavior tree documentation
 Behavior trees for AI: How they work
 Behavior Trees: Simple yet Powerful AI for your Robot
 Video Lectures on Behavior Trees

Automata (computation)
Models of computation
Digital electronics
Robot control
Automated planning and scheduling
Visual programming


title: 1939 in British music

text:
This is a summary of 1939 in music in the United Kingdom.

Events
April – a left-wing Festival of Music for the People is held in London. Participants include a pageant for 500 singers and 100 dancers featuring the American singer Paul Robeson as soloist, a balalaika orchestra playing Russian tunes, music by Alan Bush, and Benjamin Britten's Ballad of Heroes with words by W.H. Auden and Randall Swingler, performed by "Twelve Co-operative and Labour Choirs". John Ireland's These Things Shall Be is performed at the festival's third concert in the Queen's Hall conducted by Constant Lambert.
29 April – Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears leave the UK for North America on board the SS Ausonia.
 10 May – Heimo Haitto, 13, wins the British Council music prize
10 June – the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Sir Adrian Boult, gives the first public performance of Arthur Bliss's Piano Concerto in B flat with soloist Solomon; Arnold Bax's Symphony No. 7; and Ralph Vaughan Williams' Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus, in a concert held at Carnegie Hall.
1 September – Henry Wood conducts a concert of Beethoven - the Symphony No 6 and the Piano Concerto No 2 - then announces to the audience that the rest of the season is cancelled, because Britain is at war with Germany.
7 December – William Walton's Violin Concerto is given its première in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, by Jascha Heifetz, for whom it was written.
The Nordstrom Sisters are the resident act at the Ritz Hotel in London.
The National Gallery, with all its pictures taken to a secure location at the outbreak of war, becomes home of popular lunchtime concerts organised by pianist Myra Hess, assisted by the composer Howard Ferguson and with the enthusiastic backing of the gallery's director Sir Kenneth Clark.

Popular music
 "Imagine Me in the Maginot Line" w.m. Harry Gifford & Frederick E. Cliffe
"Kiss Me Goodnight, Sergeant Major" Art Noel, Don Pelosi.
 "On The Outside Always Lookin' In" w.m. Michael Carr
 "Somewhere In France With You" w.m. Michael Carr
 "South Of The Border" w.m. Jimmy Kennedy & Michael Carr
 "We'll Meet Again" w. Hughie Charles m. Ross Parker
"We're Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Line" w.m. Jimmy Kennedy & Michael Carr
 "There'll Always Be an England" w.m. Ross Parker & Hughie Charles
 "Wish Me Luck as You Wave Me Goodbye" by Harry Parr Davies, performed by Gracie Fields

Classical music: new works
Arnold Bax – Pastoral Fantasia for Viola and String Orchestra
Arthur Bliss – Piano Concerto in B flat
Benjamin Britten –
Les Illuminations
Violin Concerto
Herbert Howells – Concerto for Strings
William Lloyd Webber
Lento in E major for string orchestra
Waltz in E minor for orchestra
William Walton – Violin Concerto

Film and Incidental music
Richard Addinsell (orch. Roy Douglas) –
Goodbye, Mr Chips.
The Lion Has Wings, starring Merle Oberon and Ralph Richardson.
Eric Fenby – Jamaica Inn directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Hara.
Ernest Irving – Come On George!, starring George Formby, Patricia Kirkwood and Joss Ambler.

Musical theatre
 20 January – Magyar Melody London production opened at His Majesty's Theatre and ran for 105 performances
23 March – The Dancing Years London production opened at the Drury Lane Theatre and ran for 187 performances
21 April The Little Revue London revue opened at The Little Theatre and ran for 415 performances
3 November – Runaway Love opened at the Saville Theatre on November 3 and ran for 195 performances
14 November – Black Velvet London revue opened at the Hippodrome Theatre and ran for 620 performances
21 December – Shephard's Pie London revue opened at the Princes Theatre on December 21
22 December Haw-Haw (Music: Harry Parr Davies Words: Phil Park Script: Max Miller & Ben Lyon) opened at the Holborn Empire.  Starring Bebe Daniels, Ben Lyon and Max Miller.

Musical films
Discoveries – introduced the song "There'll Always Be an England".
The Mikado, starring Martyn Green as Ko-Ko, Sydney Granville as Pooh-Bah, Kenny Baker as Nanki-Poo, and Jean Colin as Yum-Yum.
Yes, Madam?, starring Bobby Howes, Diana Churchill and Wylie Watson.

Births
8 March – Robert Tear, tenor (died 2011)
16 April – Dusty Springfield, singer (died 1999)
3 May – Jonathan Harvey, composer (died 2012)
6 July – Jet Harris, British bassist, singer and songwriter (The Shadows) (died 2011)
17 July – Spencer Davis, singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Spencer Davis Group)
18 July – Brian Auger, English keyboard player (Brian Auger and the Trinity, CAB, and The Steampacket)
19 August – Ginger Baker, drummer
30 August – John Peel, influential disc jockey (died 2004)
10 September – Cynthia Lennon, writer, first wife of English musician (Beatle) John Lennon (died 2015)
8 December – Sir James Galway, flautist
13 December – Eric Flynn, British actor and singer (died 2002)

Deaths
January – Leonard N. Fowles, organist, conductor and composer, 68
25 January – Charles Davidson Dunbar, soldier and bagpipe player, 68
8 March – Gertrude Eaton, singer, 78
25 April – John Foulds, composer, 58 (cholera)
20 July – Sir Dan Godfrey, conductor, 71
27 October – Nelly Bromley, singer and actress, 89
9 November – Charles Goulding, operatic tenor
19 December – Eric Fogg, composer and conductor, 36 (killed by train)
date unknown – Colin Wark, film composer

See also
 1939 in British television
 1939 in the United Kingdom
 List of British films of 1939

References

British Music, 1939 in
Music
British music by year
1930s in British music


title: Atlacomulco Group

text:
The Atlacomulco Group () is an alleged Mexican political organization made up of powerful political figures within the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which has denied its existence. The group is alleged to be based in Atlacomulco and to have been very influential in the politics of Mexico State and the federal government. However, the most influential people linked to the group, such as Isidro Fabela, Carlos Hank González, Enrique Peña Nieto and Arturo Montiel have denied its existence or refused to confirm its existence. The group was considered to be one of the pillars of the PRI.

Origins
The name "" was first used in local newspaper reports discussing "men from Atlacomulco" who were beginning to dominate state and federal political posts. It is claimed that the group has its origins with the political connections of Maximino Montiel Olmos, the grand-uncle of Arturo Montiel Rojas, and to people like Lucindo Cárdenas, Rafael Suárez Ocaña, and Silviano Díaz Cid. However, the group, as a widespread political force, was established by Isidro Fabela. Fabela was governor of Mexico State from 1942 to 1945 during which he started an educational movement, which culminated in the Insitituto Cientifico Literario, now the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. He also founded several newspapers and was one of the founding members of the Ateneo de la Juventud.

The group has operated mostly to get its members into high positions in state and the federal governments. Fabela was instrumental in the political rise of Salvador Sánchez Colín, Alfredo del Mazo Vélez, and Carlos Hank González in the 1950s to the 1970s. At one point in the 20th century, the group had members in various state governments in central Mexico and occupied key positions in the federal government. In Mexico State, it is estimated that 80% of government posts were held by members. The group's influence even had one of its members nominated becoming the first bishop of Toluca in the 1950s. However, the group's influence began to diminish in the 1980s with the waning of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. With the death of Hank in 2001, the group is now supposed to be leaderless even though it is still alleged to be a strong force in politics and even to have connections to drug trafficking. The ex-president of Mexico (2012-2018) and former governor of the State of Mexico (2005-2011), Enrique Peña Nieto, is rumored to be associated with the group because of his strong political ties with Arturo Montiel, who was a candidate for the PRI presidential nomination in 1999 but lost because of scandal. He is now considered to be the most important person in the group.

The Coordinator of Special Procedures of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Santiago Corcuera, has accused Atlacomulco of working against human rights in Mexico by arguing against implementing human rights guarantees to groups such as criminals and women.

References

Politics of Mexico
Conspiracy theories in Mexico


title: Thirty-two forms of Ganesha

text:
Thirty-two forms of Ganesha are mentioned frequently in devotional literature related to the Hindu god Ganesha (Ganapati). The Ganesha-centric scripture Mudgala Purana is the first to list them.

Detailed descriptions are included in the Shivanidhi portion of the 19th-century Kannada Sritattvanidhi. There are also sculptural representations of these thirty-two forms in the temples at Nanjangud and Chāmarājanagar (both in Mysore district, Karnataka), done about the same time as the paintings were done and also at the direction of the same monarch.  Each of the thirty-two illustrations is accompanied by a short Sanskrit meditation verse (), written in Kannada script.  The meditation verses list the attributes of each form.  The text says that these meditation forms are from the Mudgala Purana.

In his review of how the iconographic forms of Ganapati shown in the Sritattvanidhi compare with those known from other sources, Martin-Dubost notes that the Sritattvanidhi is a recent text from South India, and while it includes many of Ganesha's forms that were known at that time in that area it does not describe earlier two-armed forms that existed from the 4th century, nor those with fourteen and twenty arms that appeared in Central India in the 9th and 10th centuries.

Ramachandra Rao says that:

List

Notes

References

 Contains color plate reproductions of the 32 Ganapati forms reproduced from the Sri Tattvanidhi.

Forms of Ganesha


title: Sheng Si Qiao

text:
Sheng Si Qiao is a book by Hong Kong writer Lilian Lee. It was adapted into a Mainland Chinese TV series in 2007.

2007 Chinese novels
Novels by Lilian Lee
Chinese novels adapted into television series


title: Energy4All

text:
Energy4All facilitates the creation and development of community energy in the United Kingdom, based on the experience gained in the creation of the UK's first wind co-op, Baywind Energy Co-operative. It has gone on to raise over £40m on behalf of the co-operatives and community benefit societies through community share offerings.

Energy4All is a private limited company established in 2002 that has helped create 24 community energy projects, including Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative and Boyndie Wind Farm Co-operative, which, along with Baywind, own Energy4All.

One of the co-operatives it has created, Energy Prospects Co-operative, specialises in taking early stage co-operatives through the development and planning application stages to the point where a community share offer, managed by Energy4All, can be launched to fund the project.

Energy4All won an Ashden Award in 2012.

Energy4All was elected to the board of REScoop the European Federation of renewable energy cooperatives in 2017 and is a participant in the MECISE  project to develop a European cooperative energy investment fund.

See also
Wind power in the United Kingdom
Community wind energy

References

External links
energy4all.co.uk

Community electricity generation in the United Kingdom
Co-operatives in England
Energy cooperatives
Wind power companies of England