title: Water scarcity in Iran

text:
Water scarcity in Iran is caused by high climatic variability, uneven distribution of water, over exploitation of available water resources,and prioritization of economic development. Water scarcity in Iran is further exacerbated by climate change.

Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms: physical (absolute) water scarcity and economic water scarcity, where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region's demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources.

Rainfall is highly seasonal, which led to the government building dams to ensure a more consistent water supply. Despite this, water availability has declined since the 20th century whilst demand has increased. By the 2010s, authorities and the United Nations were describing it as a crisis and it contributed to protests in the country.

Background

Climate

Rainfall in Iran is highly seasonal with a rainy season between October and March that leaves the land extremely dry for the remainder of the year. Immense seasonal variations in flow characterize Iran's rivers. For example, the Karun River in Khuzestan carries water during periods of maximum flow that is ten times the amount borne in dry periods. In numerous localities, there may be no precipitation until sudden storms, accompanied by heavy rains, dump almost the entire year's rainfall in a few days. Water shortages are compounded by the unequal distribution of water. Near the Caspian Sea, rainfall averages about  per year, but in the Central Plateau and in the lowlands to the south it seldom exceeds . Iran's susceptibility to high variation in temperature and precipitation has led to the creation of dams and reservoirs to regulate and create a more stable water flow throughout the country.

Climate change

Iran is expected to have a mean temperature increase of 2.6 °C and a 35% decrease in precipitation within the next few decades. This could potentially exacerbate current drought and crop production issues.

Drought
Iran is an arid and drought prone country with increasing vulnerability to this natural hazard. Water scarcity and drought issues are among the biggest challenges facing the country.The severity of drought episodes during 1999 to 2001 was immense as it affected to varying degrees 26 provinces and over half the population of the country.

Environmental Challenges
Environmental issues such as decreasing rainfall, low precipitation levels due to climate change have aggravated Iran’s water scarcity in recent years. In 2017 precipitation levels decreased by 25 percent, felt even in historically water-rich areas in the country’s north and northwestern areas. This has contributed to the reported reduction of water entering Iran’s dams by 33 percent, from 32 billion cubic meters (BCM) of surface water in 2017 to 25 BCM in 2018.

Water resources

Water availability
Internal renewable water resources are estimated at 89 billion cubic meters (BCM)/year As a result of previous droughts and overexploitation of available water resources, the per capita water availability has been reduced to 1100 m3/year today with 85 million inhabitants .Surface runoff represents a total of 97.3 BCM/year, of which 5.4 BCM/year comes from drainage of the aquifers and thus needs to be subtracted from the total. Groundwater recharge is estimated at about 49.3 BCM/year, of which 12.7 BCM/year is obtained from infiltration in the river bed and also needs to be subtracted. Iran receives 6.7 BCM/year of surface water from Pakistan and some water from Afghanistan through the Helmand River. The flow of the Arax river, at the border with Azerbaijan, is estimated at 4.6 BCM/year. The surface runoff to the sea and to other countries is estimated at 55.9 BCM/year. Per capita, water availability in the pre-Islamic Revolution era was about 4,500 cubic meters. In 2009, this figure was less than 2,000 cubic meters.

Water usage

The total water withdrawal was estimated at about 70 BCM in 1993, rising to 96 BCM in 2018, of which 92% was used for agricultural purposes, 6% for domestic use and 2% for industrial use. Although this is equal to 51% of the actual available renewable water resources, annual abstraction from aquifers (57 BCM in 1993, 53 BCM in 2004) is already more than the estimated safe yield (46 BCM). Of the 4.3 BCM/year in 1993 (6.2 in 2004) used for domestic purposes, 61% is supplied from surface water and 39% from groundwater. For example, Greater Tehran with its population of more than 13 million is supplied by surface water from the Lar dam on the Lar River in the Northeast of the city, the Latyan dam on the Jajrood River in the North, the Karaj River in the Northwest, as well as by groundwater in the vicinity of the city. Provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Isfahan have the highest efficiency of irrigation with 54, 52 and 42 percents respectively, and Khuzestan province has the lowest irrigation efficiency with 38 percent. Tap water consumption in the country is 70% over and above the global average. 16 BCM of water was used for power generation in 1999.

As of 2014, Iran is using 70% of its total renewable freshwater, far above the upper limit of 40% recommended according to international norms.

The Qanats
About 2,500 years ago, Iranians invented a number of ways to use groundwater, including a water management system called qanat. The qanats, which are still used today, are a series of underground tunnels and wells that transport underground water to the surface. They supply about 7.6 billion cubic meters or 15% of the country's total water needs and play an important role in advanced water harvesting. However, many of these systems have been abandoned and replaced by other methods over the past few decades, mainly due to socio-economic conditions and changing water extraction technology. In addition, the drilling of deeper and shallower wells has damaged the quality of groundwater, especially in the coastal area of the Central Plain of Iran, which has consequences for the environment, people, and economy of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to recommend and implement methods to increase the efficiency of qanats to achieve sustainable development in water resources management.

Water pollution
Water pollution is caused by industrial and municipal wastewater, as well as by agriculture. Concerning municipal wastewater, the bulk of collected sewage is discharged untreated and constitutes a major source of groundwater pollution and a risk to public health. In a number of cities without sanitary sewerage, households discharge their sewage through open rainwater drains
.

Infrastructure
Most drinking water in Iran is supplied through modern infrastructure, such as dams, reservoirs, long-distance transmission pipelines—some of which are more than  long—and deep wells. An estimated 60,000 traditional Karez  (کاریز) systems in the plateau regions of Iran in Yazd, Khorasan and Kerman—are still in use today for irrigation and drinking water supply in rural areas and small towns. The oldest and largest known Karez is in the Iranian city of Gonabad which after 2700 years still provides drinking and agricultural water to nearly 40,000 people.  Its main well depth is more than  and its length is . It is estimated that there are as many as 500,000 deep and shallow wells in the country. There are 42 large dams under operation in Iran with a combined storage capacity of 33 BCM/year. These dams lose about 200 million cubic meters of storage capacity every year due to sedimentation (0.5–0.75% of their storage capacity). Most dams are multi-purpose dams for hydropower, irrigation, flood control and—in some cases—drinking water supply.

Political climate
In December 2013, Hamid Chitchian, head of the Ministry of Energy, which is in charge of regulating the water sector—stated that the sector's situation had reached "critical levels". He correctly established that past approaches, which mainly focused on constructing dams and trying to increase the storage capacity, would no longer be appropriate remedies. In fact, total storage capacity behind the country's many dams amounts to 68 billion cubic meters, whereas the water potential of the country's rivers totals 46 billion cubic meters per annum.

In July 2013, Issa Kalantari, the Minister of Agricultural under president Hashemi Rafsanjani, told Ghanoon newspaper that the water crisis is the "main problem that threatens" Iran, adding that it is more dangerous "than Israel, USA or political fighting among the Iranian elite". If the water issue is not addressed, Iran could become "uninhabitable". If this situation is not reformed, in 30 years Iran will be a ghost town. Even if there is precipitation in the desert, there will be no yield, because the area for groundwater will be dried and water will remain at ground level and evaporate."

A 2017 United Nations report stated that "Water shortages are acute; agricultural livelihoods no longer sufficient. With few other options, many people have left, choosing uncertain futures as migrants in search of work".

Protests
Some analysts believe the water crisis may have been a significant contributor to the protests around January 2018. At least five protesters were allegedly shot in January 2018 in Qahderijan, where water rights were reportedly the main grievances. , small and intermittent water protests have continued to occur in some rural areas. In July 2021, people in Khuzestan Province took to the streets to protest water shortages.

There have been massive protests in Susengerd, a city of 120,000 people and the industrial city of Shush (ancient Shush). There were also demonstrations in the city of Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan, and dozens of other places.

Since holding demonstrations against the water shortage crisis in Iran in the summer of 2021, the government has become extremely defenseless against the water shortage and has faced internal tensions and pressures. Short-sighted policies of the government in the field of solving the water problem have been very harmful and have been accompanied by population growth and global warming. In this way, there are more pressures to access water in several Iranian cities and the depth of the problem has gradually deepened.

See also
 Environmental issues in Iran

References

Water scarcity
Environmental disasters in Asia
Water supply and sanitation in Iran
Articles containing video clips
Disasters in Iran
Environmental issues in Iran
Climate change in Iran


title: Mladen Rakčević

text:
Mladen Rakčević (born 10 February 1982) is a Montenegrin former handball player.

Career
During his career, Rakčević played for Lovćen (2000–2005), Vardar (2005–2009), Kolubara (2009–2010), Metalurg Skopje (2010–2013), AEK Athens (2013–2014), HCM Constanța (2014–2015) and Dobrogea Sud Constanța (2015–2018).

At international level, Rakčević represented Montenegro at the 2013 World Men's Handball Championship. He also participated in two European Championships (2008 and 2014).

Honours
Lovćen
 Handball League of FR Yugoslavia: 2000–01
Vardar
 Macedonian Handball Super League: 2006–07, 2008–09
 Macedonian Handball Cup: 2006–07, 2007–08
Kolubara
 Serbian Handball Super League: 2009–10
 Serbian Handball Cup: 2009–10
Metalurg Skopje
 Macedonian Handball Super League: 2010–11, 2011–12
 Macedonian Handball Cup: 2010–11, 2012–13
AEK Athens
 Greek Men's Handball Cup: 2013–14
Dobrogea Sud Constanța
 Cupa României: 2017–18

References

External links
 EHF record

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cetinje
Montenegrin male handball players
RK Vardar players
RK Kolubara players
Expatriate handball players
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Montenegrin expatriate sportspeople in Romania


title: Monument to the victory of the people of Slavonia

text:
Monument to the revolutionary victory of the people of Slavonia  or Monument to the people-hero of Slavonia was a World War II memorial sculpture by Vojin Bakić, that was located in, now uninhabited, Serbian village of Kamenska, Brestovac, Slavonia, Croatia. It was destroyed by the Armed Forces of Croatia in 1992.

It was built over a decade, from 1957 to 1968. At the time of its opening it was the largest postmodern sculpture in the world. It was dedicated to the people of Slavonia during World War II and made of stainless steel. The opening ceremony was performed on 9 November 1968 and attended by Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito.

During the disintegration of Yugoslavia in 1991, the works of Vojin Bakić were on the "list" for monuments to be demolished. In 1992, an unprecedented culturicide occurred when, according to eyewitnesses, the commander of the 123rd Brigade of the Croatian Army, Major Miljenko Crnjac, ordered the demolition of the monument on February 21. The monument was completely demolished only after the ninth attempt to blow it up.

See also
List of Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials in Croatia

References

External links

 Spomenik Database - Kamenska Monument educational & historical resource

Buildings and structures completed in 1968
Buildings and structures demolished in 1992
World War II memorials in Croatia
1968 sculptures
Postmodern architecture
Buildings and structures in Požega-Slavonia County
Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials


title: Richard F. Stapleton

text:
Richard F. Stapleton (December 7, 1831 – ?) was an American educator and teacher.

Born in Granville, Michigan Territory, Stapleton was educated in the common schools and at the University of Wisconsin. He was a teacher and lived in Good Hope, Wisconsin. Stapleton served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, in 1877, as a Democrat.

Notes

1831 births
Year of death unknown
People from Granville, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Educators from Wisconsin
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly


title: Adem Zaplluzha

text:
Adem Zaplluzha (1 February 1943 – 9 November 2020) was one of the most prolific Kosovan Albanian poets. He completed his primary and secondary education in his hometown, Prizren, and graduated from the School of Pedagogy at the University of Pristina. After that he worked as a teacher for a while in several villages near Prizren and then as a legal translator at the Kosovan Electricity Corporation after that until the end of his career. He started writing and publishing literature from his childhood with his first poem being published in 1957 in the Pionieri literary magazine. At the Kosovan Electricity Corporation he co-founded the literary club 'Kosovan Poppies' which later published some of his works most notably in the 'Ngjyra e Kohës' ('The colour of time') anthology. His works were published in a wide variety of literary and non-literary publications in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia and Romania.

Awards
In 2013 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Writers and Artists Club of Durrës, Albania.
In the same year the Albanian literary critic Fatmir Minguli published a collection of critical essays on his body of work in a book entitled "Revoltë dhe meditim mbi poetikën e Adem Zaplluzhes".
He was a member of the Kosovan Writers Society.

Some of his published works
 "Puthje", poezi, "Rilindja", Prishtinë, 1974
 "Ecjet e viteve të mëdha", poezi, "Jeta e Re", Prishtinë 1995
 "Çamarrokët e Thepores", poezi për fëmijë, "Shkëndija",Prishtinë 1996
 "Muret", poezi, "Jeta e Re", Prishtinë, 1997
 "Morfologjia e dhembjes", poezi, "Faik Konica", Prishtinë, 2000
 "Ai vjen nesër", poezi, Qendra e Kulturës, Klubi letrar"Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot, 2007
 "Letër nga mërgimi", poezi, Klubi letrar "Fahri Fazliu"Kastriot , 2007
 "Letër nga mërgimi 2 " poezi, "Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar, "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot 2007
 "Udhëndarja", poezi, "Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar, "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot, 2008
 "Thirrje e gjakut", poezi,"Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar, "Fahri Fazliu"Kastriot 2008
 "Asgjë sikur molla", poezi, "Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot, 2009
 "Vesa në lotin tim", poezi, "Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar "Fahri Fazliu", 2009,
 "Puthja e gozhduar", poezi, "Qendra e Kulturës", Klubi letrar, "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot, 2009
 "Kashelasha në vargje", poezi për fëmijë," Qendra e kulturës, Kastriot, 2009
 "Pema e bekuar", E përkthyer, Rumani, 2010
 "Bajraktarët e vatanit", poezi satirike, Klubi letrar, "Fahri Fazliu" Kastriot, 2010
 "Hijet e ndryshkura", poezi,"Qendra e kulturës", Kastriot, 2010
 "Stuhi në Kutulishte", poezi,"Qendra e kulturës", Kastriot, 2010
 "Posa ikte nata", poezi, "Qendra e kulturës ", Kastriot, 2010
 "Loja e myshqeve", poezi,"Qendra e kulturës", Kastriot, 2010
 "Lumëbardhi dhe gjëma", poezi,"Qendra e kulturës",Kastriot, 2010
 "Metafora e heshtjes", poezi, "Qendra e kulturës",Kastriot, 2010
 "Hyji në Prekaz", poezi,"Qendra e Kulturës", Kastriot, 2010
 "Sinorët e hinores", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot 2010
 "Don Kishoti dhe Rosinanti", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve, Kastriot, 2010
 "Zjarri i dashurisë", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2010
 "Kur likenet vallëzojnë", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2010
 "Ditari në vargje", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2010
 "Tingujt që nuk përfundojnë", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2010
 "Shtegu i mallit", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2010
 "Korniza e thyer"',Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve, -Kastriot, 2010
 "Zgjimi i gjëmës",Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtareve-Kastriot, 2010
 "Vallja mistike", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2010
 "Merre kodin", Poezi për fëmijë, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve Kastriot, 2011
 "Letër atdheut" poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2011
 "Tejdukshmëria e shiut", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2011
 "Përtej teje",poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2011
 "Sa afër e sa large", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2011
 "Vallja e zanoreve", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2011
 "Ikja e eshtrave", Poezi për të rritur, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2011
 "Kalorësit e mjegullave", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Hingëllimat e shiut", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot 2012
 "Kur pemët i ndërrojnë këmishët". Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Mirëmëngjes Imzot", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve – Kastriot, 2012
 "Kafshimi i mikut", Poezi satirike, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Atje tej maleve", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve, Kastriot-2012
 "Heshtja që del në shesh," Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve, Kastriot -2012
 "Portat e shpresës", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve, Kastriot-2012
 "Në dhomën time gjysmë të errët", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Kinse Lojë Shahu", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Për çdo dekadë nga një baladë ", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve – Kastriot, 2012
 "Fusha e mëllenjave", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "E kujt është kjo vetmi", Poezi, Shoqate e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Mos pyet për addressën e lumit", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve – Kastriot, 2012
 "Stoli në parkun vjetër" Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Urori i stralltë", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Po të mos ishte fjala", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Thyerja e urave", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Trokëllimat në gjumin e dallgëve", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Në flokët e dëborës", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Një grusht nostalgji", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Kur filluan të flasin njerëzit", poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Kur stinët kapërcejnë fshehurazi", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve – Kastriot, 2012
 " Lisi në rrënjët e veta", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve –Kastriot 2012
 "Eca ecëm dhe do ecim", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve – Kastriot, 2012
 "Fëmijët e erës", Poezi, Shoqata e shkrimtarëve-Kastriot 2012
 "Çast në fund të stinës", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot-2012
 "Si të flas me drurët", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Më pëlqejnë mendimet e tua", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Andej dhe këndej kohës", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Zëri i heshtjes", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve- Kastriot, 2012
 "Kush i lexoi letrat prej erës", poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Fluturimi i korbave në netët pa hënë", prozë poetike, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Koha e ime dhe koha e jote", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Diku te një baladë", Poezi, Shoqate e Shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Sonte çdo gjë po i përngjan lotëve",Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve –Kastriot, 2012
 "Ky def prej hëne", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-Kastriot, 2012
 "Pyesni zogjtë në ikje ",Poezi, Shtëpia botuese "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot 2013
 "Fërfërimë gjethesh", Poezi, Shtëpia botuese "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot- 2013
 "Refrene yjesh", Poezi, Shtëpia botuese "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2013
 "Te delta e mjellmave", Poezi, Shtëpia botuese "Fahri Fazliu", Kastriot- 2013
 "Rinjohja", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2013
 "Diku në fund të një fillimi", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve, "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2013
 "Makthi i hijes", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve-" Fahri Fazliu"Kastriot, 2013
 "Një zog prej uji", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot
 "Druri i pikëlluar", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Asnjë fjalë nuk frymon", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Lëreni zërin tim", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Mbi flokët e ullukëve", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Sytë e gurtë të erës", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Zjarri i mallit tim", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Dëneste bashkë me erën", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Atdheu i paçmuar", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Nëpër gjymtyrët e mjegullave", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Kur era teshtin", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Ndjekësit e enigmave", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Një grusht dashuri", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Kur dehen perënditë", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Daullet e një nate", Poezi,Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Stina asnjanëse", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Shi në qytetin tim", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Psalm i harruar", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Krakëllimat e natës", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Menatë vijnë lejlekët", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Fjetëm njëqind shekuj", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Loti i gotës së dehur", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Për kë po bie moj kambanë", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Si trenat e verbër", Poezi, Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Mbi shpirtin e erës pagane", Shoqata e Shkrimtarëve "Fahri Fazliu"- Kastriot, 2014
 "Ajo nuk erdhi sonte" Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND"- Prishtinë, 2015
 "Një hënë e zhveshur",Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND"– Prishtinë, 2015
 "Nëpër plasaritjet e mureve",Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND"– Prishtinë, 2015
 "Mes telave gjembor ",Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Të  vizatosh një zog në mur",Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Nuk flenë as kuajt e dehur" Poezi,  Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Fluturojnë zogjtë e verbër  " Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Një shi prej bryme" , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Në prehrin e pemëve" Poezi,Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Zëri i largeët i shiut " , Poezi Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Yjet e ngrira të kujtesës " , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Thirrmat e hijeve" , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese"TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Dritaret e verbëta " , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese"TREND" – Prishtinë, 2015
 "Përtej portave të mbyllura" , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2015
 "Malli i etjes" Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Kur qajnë pemët  ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Të dielave në qytetin tim ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 " Nëpër brigjet e kujtesës" Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Rrugës qante një stërqok",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Kali im prej bore" ,  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Përballë hijes së mollës ",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND ", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Jehu i zërave",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Në kujtesën e pemëve ",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND ", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Më mirë një gjysmë ëndrre ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND ", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Një dry prej dylli " Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016.
 " Në anën tjetër të mendjes",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Sa shumë ethe pat dimri sivjet",  Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Enigmat e kashelashave ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Nuk i them unë dot kësaj liri" , Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Fluturat prej letre ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Fluturimi i gjinkallës", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2016
 "Kumritë prej deltine", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë. 2016
 "Më pritni te baladat e gurit", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2017.
 "Trenat këtu gjithmonë vonohen", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë. 2017
 "Lulëzojnë gjethet e ullinjve", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2017
 "Teatri antik i kujtesës", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë. 2017
 "Portreti i lirisë", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2017
 "Një stinë delikate", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2017
 "Te ullishtat e vjetra ", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë. 2017
 "Ishim të lumtur si gjinkallat", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2017
 "Pikëllimet e rrënjëve", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë. 2017
 "Telat e shirave " poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2017
 "Një stuhi prej bryme", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Sonte s'ka dashuri " poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "I shëmbëllente pluhurit kozmik", Poezi, Shtëpia Botuese "TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Llamburite atdheu i plagosur" poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Gurët e pjekur shtatë herë" poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Kur të dalë nga kjo stinë" poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Ishin thyer te gjitha urat " poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Gjethi i këputur në vjeshtë " poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Ti mundesh nëse do" poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Pëllumbat prej rrufeve", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Diku në zbrazëtinë e ndërgjegjes", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Retë e dendura të kujtesës ", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2018
 "Pak diell e shumë acar", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Kur kyçen yjet e harresës ", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Nga pragjet e shtëpive", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Fluturat e djegura ", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Përtej asaj peme", poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 " Kuajt e mjegullave", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Po të ishte ndryshe ", poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Kur kthehen zogjtë e shiut ", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Mes gishtave të hijes", poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "kush i theu xhamat e shiut", poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Poemat e dhembjekrenarisë ", poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Marsi i çmendur në dy kohës", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Kur dënesin varret", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë, 2019
 "Mos më uroni udhë të mbarë", poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND", Prishtinë
 “Nuk mjafton të kesh vetëm emër  ”, poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Portat e mbyllura me dyllë  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2o2o
 “Deri në baladën tjetër  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Bletët e kaltërta”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,202o
 “ Nën vezullime yjesh ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Duart e zhagmitura   ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Përshpëritja e mureve ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Atdheu im i dhembjeve  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Vazoja me një pallto gri  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Një hingëllimë si një gjëmë ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Çfarë bëra për ty atdhe”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Te një stinë e harruar”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese Prishtinë,2020
 “Më kanë folur muranat ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Matanë urave të thyera”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Trenat e egër pa stacion  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Poemat e dhembjekrenarisë -2”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Të jetosh pa ëndrra  ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Portretet e ngujuara ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Ishte dikur një gur në lagje”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND”, Prishtinë,2020
 “Trazimi i brendshëm”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND, Prishtinë, 2020
 “Zgjimi i dhembjeve të fjetura”, poezi,Shtëpia Botuese TREND, Prishtinë, 2020
 “Një dorë prej mjegulle”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND, Prishtinë, 2020
 “Mbetëm sërish në fillim ”, poezi, Shtëpia Botuese TREND, Prishtinë, 2020

References

1943 births
2020 deaths
Kosovan poets
People from Prizren


title: Saraqutu

text:
Saraqutu (Quechua sara maize, qutu heap, "maize heap",  Hispanicized spelling Saraccoto) is a mountain in the Arequipa Region in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the La Unión Province, in the districts Cotahuasi and Tomepampa, and in the Condesuyos Province, Salamanca District. Saraqutu lies west of the mountains Sunqu Urqu and Kuntur Sayana.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Arequipa Region


title: Elton Doku

text:
Elton Doku (born 1 October 1986 in Krujë) is an Albanian footballer who most recently played as a defender for hometown club Kastrioti in the Albanian Superliga.

Honours
KF Laçi
 Albanian Cup (1): 2014–15

References

1986 births
Living people
People from Krujë
Sportspeople from Durrës County
Men's association football defenders
Albanian men's footballers
FK Partizani Tirana players
KF Erzeni players
KF Luftëtari players
KF Skënderbeu Korçë players
KF Laçi players
KS Kastrioti players
FK Kukësi players


title: Microcodon

text:
Microcodon is a genus of plants in the family Campanulaceae. It contains four known species, all endemic to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

 Microcodon glomeratus A.DC. 1830
 Microcodon hispidulus (L.f.) Sond. in W.H.Harvey 1865
 Microcodon linearis (L.f.) H.Buek in C.F.Ecklon & K.L.P.Zeyher 1837
 Microcodon sparsiflorus A.DC. 1830

References

External links
 Cornell University, Diversity of Life photo, Microcodon glomeratum

Campanuloideae
Campanulaceae genera
Endemic flora of the Cape Provinces


title: John Hanrahan

text:
John Hanrahan was an American farmer and politician.

Born in Massachusetts, Hanrahan was a farmer and lived in the town of Granville, Wisconsin, in the community of Good Hope, Wisconsin. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1861 and 1863 as a Democrat.

Notes

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
People from Massachusetts
People from Granville, Wisconsin
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly


title: Mona Kosar Abdi

text:
Mona Kosar Abdi is an American multimedia journalist. She graduated from the University of California, San Diego where she earned a BA in International Studies, Political Science, and Communications.

In January 2019 she joined ABC News and in 2020 became anchor for World News Now.

Career
She began her journalism career at KGTV Channel 10, an ABC-affiliated television station based in San Diego. She started as an assignment editor and was promoted to an associate producer news writer.

Abdi was a contributing writer at the Al Jazeera Media Network in 2013.

She moved to Lynchburg, Virginia, in January 2014 and joined WSET ABC 13, the ABC television network affiliate for the Roanoke/Lynchburg, Virginia, market. She was a reporter.

In January 2017 she moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where she was an anchor/reporter on ABC affiliate WEWS Channel 5.

Since January 2019 she has been a correspondent for ABC News based in  Washington, D.C.

Abdi anchors the overnight/early morning World News Now and America This Morning with Kenneth Moton. She was officially hired to replace Janai Norman, who began working as a Good Morning America correspondent, in September 2020. On August 22, 2022, Abdi announced her departure from World News Now and became a correspondent for World News Tonight.

References

1991 births
21st-century African-American women writers
21st-century American women writers
21st-century African-American writers
21st-century American women journalists
21st-century American journalists
ABC News personalities
African-American journalists
American people of Somali descent
American television reporters and correspondents
American women television journalists
Ethnic Somali people
Journalists from California
University of California, San Diego alumni
Living people


title: Sergia (plant)

text:
Sergia  is a genus of plants in the family Campanulaceae. It contains two known species, both native to Central Asia.

 Sergia regelii (Trautv.) Fed. in V.L.Komarov - Tadzhikistan
 Sergia sewerzowii (Regel) Fed. in V.L.Komarov  - Kazakhstan

References

External links
Plantarium, Сергия Регеля, Sergia regelii  photo

Campanuloideae
Campanulaceae genera


title: Michael Hanrahan

text:
Michael Hanrahan was an American politician.

From the town of Granville, Wisconsin, Hanrahan lived in the community of Good Hope, Wisconsin. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly, in 1858, as a Democrat.

Notes

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
People from Granville, Wisconsin
Democratic Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly


title: Triple Canopy

text:
Triple Canopy, Inc., is an American private security company that provides integrated security, mission support and risk management services to corporate, government and nonprofit clients. The firm was founded in May 2003 by United States Army Special Forces veterans, including former Delta Force operators. In June 2014, the firm merged with rival security contracting firm Academi, formerly Blackwater, to form Constellis Group, with Craig Nixon, the former CEO of Academi, becoming the CEO of Constellis Group, and training facilities being consolidated at the existing Academi training facility in North Carolina. It was staffed by, among others, a number of former Army Special Operations personnel, Green Berets, Rangers, SEALs, MARSOC Raiders, other special operations personnel, and several law enforcement officers. At the time of the merger, over 5,000 employees were working for Triple Canopy.

Company overview

Triple Canopy was incorporated in Chicago but maintained its headquarters in Reston, Virginia. It provides security services on a contract basis, most notably to clandestine government agencies. A review of Triple Canopy operations in Iraq conducted by the United States Office of the Inspector General (OIG) stated that the firm's personnel were a "well-trained, professional work force with significant prior experience" in military special operations and law enforcement.

The name "Triple Canopy" was initially chosen to refer to the layered canopies in the jungles where some of the key founding members received training. The name also refers to the distinction among U.S. Army personnel wearing the Airborne, Ranger, and Special Forces tabs, if authorized, when assigned to Special Forces units.

Key personnel
Triple Canopy's leadership included former Delta officers, industry analysts and asset management experts, and consultants. They included:

Tom Katis, Co-Chairman
Matt Mann, Co-Chairman
Gregory 'Mo' Mulligan, President
Matt Luckett, Director
Jay Christy, Chief Operating Officer
Tom Magnani, Chief Financial Officer
Juliet Protas, Senior Vice President and General Counsel

History
In 2003, in response to the security-industry market growth spawned by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Army Special Forces veterans Matt Mann and Tom Katis decided to establish a business focused on countering international terrorism.  They applied their knowledge of military activities to “train government agencies in anti-terrorism techniques.”
The firm received its first contracts in 2004, following the invasion of Iraq, to help guard and equip allied forces in the war zone, especially for the Coalition Provisional Authority.

In the years following, Triple Canopy has won additional State Department contracts, among others, to provide security services at some of the highest-risk U.S. embassies around the world. This work is performed under the Worldwide Personal Protective Services contract issued by the State Department, valued at up to $1 billion for the handful of companies assigned a share of the work.

Triple Canopy has also assisted in humanitarian operations, including rushing aid and supplies to Haiti in 2010 following a catastrophic earthquake.

In November 2010, around 60 private security firms that were established in war zones promised to cut back their use of force, vetting and training of personnel as well as reporting and infringements of the law. Triple Canopy was included in this agreement as well as the large British company G4S.

Parent company Constellis was sold to Apollo Global Management in August 2016.

Iraq
Triple Canopy is known principally for providing security in Iraq, particularly for guarding Coalition Provisional Authority headquarters throughout the country. In April 2009, contracts in Iraq handled by Blackwater USA, then under investigation for rule-breaking and violence, were assigned by the State Department to Triple Canopy. Previously, Triple Canopy had been responsible for contracts outside of Baghdad, whereas those contracts the firm took over were mainly based in Baghdad.

In addition to security roles, Triple Canopy is involved in Iraq in other ways, sponsoring the Iraq Energy Expo and Conference to assist in rebuilding the nation.

Casualties
Routinely operating in war zones and other dangerous locations, Triple Canopy occasionally suffers personnel losses. In September 2005, four Triple Canopy team members were killed, along with 13 others, when a bomb exploded on a street in Basra, Iraq. A rocket attack in July 2010 on Baghdad's heavily fortified Green Zone killed three Triple Canopy personnel and wounded 15 more.

Adam Hermanson, an employee of Triple Canopy and a U.S. Air Force veteran, died September 1, 2009, after apparently being accidentally electrocuted while showering in his quarters at a company installation inside Baghdad's protected Green Zone. Hermanson's family has alleged that faulty wiring was to be blamed and have claimed the company has not been fully forthcoming about details of the incident.

Wrongful termination suit
Triple Canopy fired two contractors working in Iraq, in 2006 for their failure to properly report, in a timely manner, that their supervisor fired on a civilian vehicle in Iraq. The supervisor, also terminated, denied the allegations. The two subsequently filed a lawsuit against the company alleging wrongful termination. On August 1, 2007, a jury in Fairfax County Circuit Court ruled in favor of Triple Canopy. On appeal, the Virginia Supreme Court overturned that ruling and ordered a new trial, saying that the judge had given the wrong instructions to the jury in the original trial. The parties reached a settlement out of court. The terms were not disclosed.

Code of conduct involvements

According to Triple Canopy, the firm "participated in the effort to establish an international code of conduct since the development of the Montreaux Document in 2006, and even provided the company's Code of Conduct to the Swiss government as a source document." In June 2010 testimony before the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, CEO Ignacio "Iggy" Balderas expressed the firm's support for a “system of private security contractor certification by third parties.”

The result of these efforts was the development and adoption of International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers, and Balderas spoke at the signing ceremony in Geneva, Switzerland in November 2010. Balderas: "Our next steps are to ensure that the Code gains worldwide acceptance and becomes an integral part of how the industry operates and how governments and clients select security providers. We must also work to ensure that transparency, oversight and accountability accompany the Code so that the full extent of its intent is shown."

Clayton Consultants
In 2007, Triple Canopy acquired Clayton Consultants, Inc., a crisis management security consultancy offering incident response, security consulting and training services. According to the firm's website, it "specializes in the prevention and resolution of kidnaps for ransom, extortion, malicious product tampering, wrongful detention, maritime security, workplace violence and client risk" and is especially active on the U.S.-Mexico border. Clayton Consultants has also been hired to help handle problems of piracy in the Gulf of Aden.

References

External links

Companies based in Reston, Virginia
Security consulting firms
Companies established in 2003
2003 establishments in Virginia
Private military contractors


title: 2006–07 Fencing World Cup

text:
The 36th FIE Fencing World Cup began in October 2007 and concluded in September 2007 at the 2007 World Fencing Championships in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Individual Épée

Individual Foil

Individual Sabre

Team Épée

Team Foil

Team Sabre

References
 FIE rankings

Fencing World Cup
2006 in fencing
2007 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by Russia
2007 in Russian sport


title: 2014 BRD Bucharest Open – Doubles

text:
Elena Bogdan and Alexandra Cadanțu won the first edition of the tournament, defeating Çağla Büyükakçay and Karin Knapp in the final, 6–4, 3–6, [10–5].

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
Main Draw

BRD Bucharest Openandnbsp;- Doubles
2014 Doubles


title: Julie Verhoeven

text:
Julie Verhoeven (born 16 May 1969) is a British illustrator and designer who has collaborated with brands such as Louis Vuitton, Versace and Peter Jensen. While she is recognised primarily for her work in fashion, she has also contributed illustrations to books, magazines and album covers. Her work has been widely exhibited, including at London's Hayward Gallery. She is a design academic at both Central Saint Martins and the Royal College of Art.

With recurring retro references – particularly to the 1970s and pop culture – her illustrations have been described as "whimsical" and "Rock & Roll meets rainbow". The Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) noted that: "Her drawings, sculptures, assemblages, installations and video combine a rawness, at times reminiscent of punk, with a bewildering sensuality and a strong sense of colour and texture".

In a 2008 interview, she said: "For the moment I am doing artist/designer... I would like to be regarded as an artist eventually". In 2012, the Victoria & Albert Museum (V&A) acquired a large archive of her work (over 100 illustrations) for its permanent collection.

Background and early career
Verhoeven studied fashion at Kent Institute of Art & Design (now University for the Creative Arts), graduating in 1987. She worked first as an assistant for John Galliano, and later for Martine Sitbon in Paris.

In 2002, the Gibo by Julie Verhoeven fashion line was first shown at London Fashion Week, returning for the spring 2003 shows.

Fashion collaborations
Following Gibo, Verhoeven focused on consulting and design collaborations. She has worked with many major fashion brands, including Louis Vuitton, Versace, Kangol, Mulberry and H&M. She also worked with Suzanne Clements and Inacio Ribeiro during their design direction at Cacharel.

Exhibitions

Verhoeven's illustrations have been widely exhibited internationally, including MU, Eindhoven and Vera Gliem, Cologne. London exhibitions included Saint James's in Bloom at the Economist Plaza in 2006. She has also delivered a presentation at the V&A and held an exhibition, Fannying Around, at the Hayward Gallery's space Concrete. In 2013, she designed the artwork and created an installation – Ladies Let's Rip! – for Bath in Fashion 2013 at the Holburne Museum. 2014 activities included a collaborative exhibition with Jimmy Merris at Hordaland Art Centre, Bergen.

Academic role
Verhoeven combines illustration projects and design collaborations with part-time teaching. She has been a tutor on the MA fashion course at Central Saint Martins since 1996 and teaches on the womenswear programme at the RCA, where she is also an honorary fellow.

Selected publications
 A Bit of Rough, with text by Spaninks, Angelique (MU Gallery Eindhoven, 2009)
 Gasbook 13 (Gas As Interface Co, 2004)
 Fatbottomedgirls 003, with text by Cole, Bethan (TDM. 2002)
 The Mystery of the Raddlesham Mumps, with text by Murray Lachlan Young (Scotland Street Press, 2018)

References

External links
Julie Verhoeven website
Profile at the Riflemaker Gallery
Verhoeven prints for Versace, spring '09
Julie Verhoeven illustrations at Victoria & Albert Museum

1969 births
Living people
British illustrators
English fashion designers
British women fashion designers
People from Sevenoaks
Academics of the Royal College of Art
Academics of Central Saint Martins


title: Laevapex vazi

text:
Laevapex vazi is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

Etymology
The species name honours Dr. Jorge Faria Vaz of the Superintendency of Control of Endemic Diseases (SUCEN) of the state of São Paulo.

Taxonomic note
At the time of the original species description its characteristic features of a smooth shell apex and an ejaculatory complex without a flagellum fitted better in the description for the genus Laevapex; however, the species is in need of taxonomic revision for the establishment of its true identity, since its shell and musculature do not fit in the characteristics of the genus.

Geographic distribution
L. vazi is only known from its type locality, Ourinhos, São Paulo, Brazil.

Description
L. vazi has a thin, diaphanous shell, with an oval or elliptical aperture. The apex is rounded, slightly projected and bent to the right, reaching the edge of the shell or extending beyond it. The protoconch shows a shallow apical depression and appears smooth under optical microscopy. The teleoconch shows fine growth lines and rare, almost imperceptible radial lines. The mantle pigmentation is concentrated on the left side. The right anterior muscular impression is larger than the left one and has an elliptical, almond-like form, while the anterior left and posterior ones are rounded. The pseudobranch is two-lobed and folded, the dorsal lobe being smaller than the ventral one. The rachidian tooth of the radula is quadricuspid, with the middle left cusp longer than the right one. In the lateral teeth, the mesocone is slightly more elongated than the others. The ovotestis has about 20 follicles. The seminal vesicle is located in the initial third of the ovisperm duct. The prostate is pear-shaped and has no follicles. The ejaculatory complex is small, without a flagellum but with a well developed ultra-penis and penis.

See also
List of non-marine molluscs of Brazil

References

Further reading

Planorbidae
Molluscs of Brazil
Gastropods described in 1989


title: Folke Nilsson (cyclist)

text:
Folke Nilsson (23 June 1907 – 21 June 1980) was a Swedish cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1907 births
1980 deaths
Swedish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Sweden
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Uppsala


title: Folke Nilsson

text:
Folke Nilsson may refer to:

 Folke Nilsson (cyclist), Swedish cyclist
 Folke Nilsson (footballer), Swedish footballer


title: Nasra Agil

text:
Nasra Agile (; ) is a Somali-Canadian civil engineer and entrepreneur. She has been involved in a variety of community service programmes and initiative, and was awarded The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award - Canada.

Personal life
Agile was born in Somalia. She and her family later moved to Canada. As a teenager, Agile helped launch various community service initiatives. She organized youth programs, survival skills workshops, educational plays and sporting activities. For her tertiary education, Agile studied civil engineering at Ryerson University in Toronto. She graduated from the institution with Honours in 2005, earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree. Nasra graduated at the top of her class at Ryerson University and is recorded as one of the first known women of Somali descent to earn an engineering degree in Canada. She also received the prestigious Golden Key International Honour Society Award for academic excellence.

Career
Agile began her civil engineering career as a road inspector for the Transportation Services department of the City of Toronto government. After a two-year period, she moved to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which had evolved into one of the main global centers for major real estate development. In 2007, Agile joined Cansult, a Canadian engineering firm headquartered in Dubai and one of the largest industry operators in the Middle East. She later served as an advisor to Nakheel, the biggest real estate developer in the UAE. She was also a Senior Traffic Engineer for the Dubai Municipality's Roads Authority.

In 2012, Agile returned to Somalia to contribute to the local post-conflict reconstruction process. She subsequently opened the country's first dollar store.

Awards
In recognition of her societal work, Agile was presented The Duke of Edinburgh's International Award - Canada by the Governor General of Canada. She also received various academic awards for her scholastic achievements while still an honours student, including the Golden Key International Honour Society Award.

References

Living people
Somalian emigrants to Canada
Somalian engineers
Canadian civil engineers
Somalian businesspeople
Businesspeople from Toronto
Canadian Muslims
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
Somalian women in business
Canadian women engineers
Somalian women engineers
21st-century women engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
Engineers from Ontario
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: The Treatment (band)

text:
The Treatment are an English hard rock band, which formed in Cambridge, England, in 2008. Previously, the band members had played together under the moniker, 'God Sacks Man'.

In 2011 the band played at Sonisphere Festival on the Jägermeister stage. Later in 2011, a UK tour arranged by the Powerage record label featured The Treatment, alongside New Device, Lethargy and Million Dollar Reload.

After the Medication For The Nation Tour in the United Kingdom in December 2011 the band went on tour in support of Alice Cooper, Steel Panther and Thin Lizzy.

The first album "This Might Hurt" was released on 19 September on Universal Music Group and Spinefarm Records.

Later, on 21 April 2012, The Treatment and Spinefarm released an EP with covers of songs by such bands as Electric Light Orchestra, Slade and others. The disc was titled "Then and Again".

The Treatment played on the Pepsi Max Stage at Download Festival in Castle Donington, UK on 9 June 2012.

In 2012 the band went on tour with Kiss and Mötley Crüe in their The Tour. In 2013 they played at Ozzfest in Japan and four dates with Slash in the UK.
They also supported Status Quo on their Frantic Four reunion tour with Quo's original line-up in 2013.

On 3 February 2014 the second full-length album entitled "Running With The Dogs" was released.

In partnership with Reckless Love Treatment has released a mini-compilation on 12-inch orange vinyl to mark Record Store Day in 2014. The compilation was released by Spinefarm Records and includes 2 tracks from each band.

On 29 March 2015 the band announced that their frontman Matt Jones would be leaving The Treatment.

On 7 May 2015, the band announced that Mitchel Emms and Tao Grey were the new members of The Treatment. The band had been playing some secret shows with this line-up, then on 25 July 2015 they played at the Steelhouse Festival alongside Y&T, Nazareth and UFO. In September 2015, the band were special guests on tour in the UK with W.A.S.P. On 7 October 2015, the group was signed by the Italian label Frontiers records.

In September 2017, vocalist Mitchel Emms parted ways with the band. In December 2017, Tom Rampton (ex-Freeway Mad) was announced as the new vocalist.

In January, the single "Bite Back" was released, which is part of the upcoming album Power Crazy, which was announced for release on 22 March, followed by a tour to support it.

In early March, the label released a video for the song "Hang Them High", later another music video for "Luck of the draw" was released, which has radically different style comparing to the typical works of the band.

On 13 March 2019 the fourth album, called Power Crazy, was released. Utilizing guitar parts from earlier records e.g. Hang Them High and The Doctor

2020 is the year of the band making the new fifth studio album.

Members

Current members
Andy Milburn – bass player (2020–Present)
Tagore Grey – guitar/backing vocals (2008–Present)
Dhani Mansworth – drums  (2008–Present)
Tao Grey – guitar (2015–Present)
Tom Rampton – vocals (2017–Present)

Former members
Ben Brookland  – guitar  (2008–2013)
Matt Jones – vocals (2008–2015)
Rick "Swoggle" Newman – bass  (2008–2020)
Jake Pattinson  - guitar  (2013-2014)
Fabian "Dee" Dammers – guitar  (2014–2015)
Mitchel Emms - Vocals (2015 - 2017)

Discography

Studio albums
This Might Hurt (2011)
Running With the Dogs (2014)
Generation Me (2016)
Power Crazy (2019)
Waiting for Good Luck (2021)

EPs
Then and Again (Covers) (2012)
Reckless Love, The Treatment — Die Hard / Angel Falling (12", Ora) (2014)

Music videos / Singles
"Drink, Fuck, Fight" (2011)
"Shake the Mountain" (2011)
"Departed" (2011)
"The Doctor" (2012)
"Nothing to Lose But Our Minds" (2012)
"I Bleed Rock & Roll" (2013)
"Emergency" (2014)
"Running With the Dogs" (2014)
"The Outlaw" (2014)
"Let It Begin" (2016)
"The Devil" (2016)
"Generation Me" (2016)
"Bloodsucker" (2016)
"Backseat Heartbeat" (2016)
"Hang Them High" (2019)
"Luck of the Draw" (2019)
"Let's Get Dirty" (2019)
"Bite Back" (2019)

References

External links
 Discogs artist page

English hard rock musical groups
English heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2008
Spinefarm Records artists
Musical groups from Cambridge


title: PriPara

text:
is a Japanese arcade game by Takara Tomy and the successor of the Pretty Rhythm series of arcade games and the second entry in the Pretty Series. An anime television series adaptation by Tatsunoko Production and DongWoo A&E, comprising three seasons, aired from 2014 to 2017. A second animation adaption, Idol Time PriPara, premiered in 2017 and a mobile game, Idol Land PriPara, was released in 2023 along with a web anime. PriPara also inspired four anime films.

Anime-series plot

Season one
Every girl finds a mysterious PriTicket which grants them entrance to the world of PriPara, where aspiring, up-and-coming idols perform to pass an audition. At the Paprika Private Academy, PriPara activity is prohibited for elementary school students. Fifth-grader Laala Manaka finds a lost PriTicket bag belonging to an idol, Mirei Minami, leading her to PriPara, a virtual world where people transform into their idol alter ego. There, she makes her idol debut with Mirei.

Laala forms SoLaMi Smile, a 3-person idol unit, with Mirei and Sophy Hojo (an idol with a weak body who relies on pickled plums for energy). This unit is managed by Kuma, a bear-like character who was formerly Mirei's manager. Eventually, Sion Todo (a world-renowned Go player) and Canadian-Japanese twins Dorothy and Reona West, form Dressing Pafe, a rival idol unit managed by Sophie's former manager Usagi. Both units had the goal of earning the Paradise Coord.

Later on in the season, Laala encounters Falulu, a robotic vocal doll born from the desire of many girls to go to PriPara. SoLaMi Dressing competes against Falulu for the Paradise Coord in several idol competitions. SoLaMi Dressing wins and Laala exchanges PriTickets with Falulu, who falls into a coma. After performing a concert in their Paradise Coords, SoLaMi Dressing revives Falulu, who becomes more emotional, expressive, and human-like. Falulu goes to PriPari in France, and SoLaMi Dressing disbands back into SoLaMi Smile and Dressing Pafe.

Season two
In PriPara, the Dream Theater has opened and the PriPara Dream Parade is being held. The idols compete in the four seasonal Dream Idol Grand Prix in five-person teams for a Dream Parade Coord. While reforming SoLaMi Smile and Dressing Pafé, the six idols encounter Aromageddon, an angel-devil idol duo consisting of Mikan Shiratama and Aroma Kurosu. After some tension, they become friends.

Another girl, Fuwari Midorikaze, is sent to Parajuku from The Palps in EuroPara by the mysterious Hibiki Shikyoin to join PriPara. Fuwari forms Dressing Flower, a team with Laala and Dressing Pafe, and wins the Summer Dream Idol Grand Prix; however, their Summer Dream Idol Coords are taken away by the Masked Genius.

Ajimi Kiki, from EuroPara, debuts in PriPara but she is later revealed as Paprika Academy's art teacher. She and Cosmo form a dream team with the PriPara Police (Laala, Dorothy, and Mikan) and win the Autumn Dream Idol Grand Prix, but their Autumn Dream Idol Coords are taken by the Masked Genius.

During the Winter Dream Idol Grand Prix, the Masked Genius is revealed to be Hibiki Shikyoin, who gives a concert, becomes a rival to Meganii Akai, and reveals herself as a female. She enforces a law that only certain idols can perform, and the other girls form an underground PriPara in an old theater. A spoiled, mischievous vocal doll, Gaaruru joins Aromageddon, which is renamed Gaarmageddon. The FriendAll team (Laala, Dorothy, Mirei, Mikan, and Aroma) won the Spring Dream Idol Grand Prix and restored PriPara and Hibiki, Fuwari, and Falulu return.

Season three
The Divine Idol Grand Prix is announced, and each idol receives a jewel that upgrades their microphones. During the announcement, Meganii realizes that the Goddess, Jewlie, who is the special judge of the Divine Idol Grand Prix, has gone missing. After giving a tour to newcomer Chili Tsukigawa, Laala finds a mysterious baby named Jululu who thinks she is her mother. Laala raises Jewlulu with the help of her younger sister, Non.

As the Grand Prix continues, Laala encounters Triangle (Junon, Pinon, and Kanon), a new extremely talented idol group managed by Usagi's sister Usacha. Laala shows Jewlulu to her friends, and Meganii reveals that the baby is Jewlie. In the first Divine Idol Grand Prix, SoLaMi SMILE and Dressing Pafè are both the winners due to a tie. Not having expected to lose, Triangle reveals they are all one person using holograms, Laala's little sister Non.

The second Divine Idol Grand Prix almost doesn't happen because of PriPari's Meganii demanding Jewlulu come with him. However, they manage to keep her away from him and Gaarmageddon performs, winning by default. TriColore (Hibiki, Fuwari, and Falulu) comes back from PriPari. They fail many times but manage to formally unite as a team right in the nick of time, taking the win for the third Divine Idol Grand Prix.

Shortly after, Jewlulu temporarily transforms into Jewlie and performs. However, her sister Janice then takes them all to the Divine Idol Grand Prix Stage to take over PriPara. She reveals the reason Jewlie has turned into a baby was due to her dream of growing up and becoming an idol, something which is forbidden for goddesses. They can not talk for long, however, before returning to being babies, Janice is revealed as being in Chili's care.

Meanwhile, Non is looking for new teammates for her team. She meets Chili and Pepper, an idol from Sapanna who has come to Parajuku to compete. They form NonSugar and win the fourth Divine Idol Grand Prix, where Jewlie announces all the idols who lost up until then still have a chance to get in by winning a new tournament, which is won by Ucchari Big Bang (Hojo Cosmo, Ajimi, and Chanko). After performing again, Jewlie reveals that once the Divine Idol Grand Prix is complete she will disappear. Laala swears she will become a Divine Idol to stop that from happening.

The Divine Idol Grand Prix Final starts. Gaarmageddon loses to Dressing Pafé in the first round, while Ucchari Big Bang loses to TriColore. SoLaMi SMILE defeats both NonSugar and TriColore and manages to narrowly win against Dressing Pafé. The goddesses then reveal that SoLaMi SMILE's last opponents are them. SoLaMi SMILE triumphs once more and manages to become Divine Idols. Jewlie disappears anyway, along with Janice who was trying to rescue her. Their disappearance causes the Divine Idol Grand Prix Stage to start falling. SoLaMi SMILE tries to fix everything, but they are unsuccessful at first until all their friends start singing along, giving them the power to save everyone to restore PriPara once and for all.

Media

PriPara is a rhythm game which was developed by Syn Sophia. A player can create a character and progress by performing live shows.

A manga adaptation by Hitsuji Tsujinaga began serialization in Shogakukan's shōjo manga magazine Ciao in July 2014.

Anime series and films

An anime television-series adaptation by Tatsunoko and DongWoo A&E aired on TV Tokyo and other TXN stations from July 5, 2014 to March 28, 2017. It was succeeded by Idol Time Pripara on April 4, 2017. In the second quarter of 2015, the series could also be seen on three JAITS stations in Nara (TVN), Shiga (BBC) and Wakayama (WTV). During the first season's second story arc, the series began airing on FNN affiliate Sendai Television. On July 5, 2015, PriPara began airing on ANN affiliate SATV. In 2015, the animation for one of the endings was changed after the Broadcasting Ethics and Program Improvement Organization lodged a complaint for depicting the characters in swimsuits. While the images of the characters in swimsuits were not changed, the ending was edited to remove an image of Sophy Hojo wearing black lingerie, to which appeared to be an homage to Marilyn Monroe.

An animated theatrical film, PriPara the Movie: Everyone, Assemble! Prism Tours, was released in March 2015. A second film (Fly Out, PriPara: Aim for it with Everyone! Idol☆Grand Prix) was released on October 24 of that year, and a third film (PriPara: Everyone's Yearning Let's Go☆PriPari) was released on March 12, 2016. An English-dubbed pilot was produced by William Winckler Productions in 2017.

PriPara: All Idol Perfect Stage!
 is a rhythm video game developed by Syn Sophia for the Nintendo Switch. It was released on March 22, 2018. Players create a custom character to dance to songs from the PriPara anime as well as to songs exclusive to the game. Gameplay consists of timing button presses to on-screen prompts. The game also includes a harder difficulty called Gold Mode to add additional green and blue prompts that utilize different buttons. By performing well in the rhythm sections of the game, currency is gained that players can spend to customize their avatar with additional accessories and outfits. The game contains a Story Mode and Free Play Mode. Story Mode briefly summarizes the first three seasons of the anime and also tells an original story focusing on the player character. Free Play Mode lets the player choose either one of the characters from the anime or a custom character to dance to one of the game's songs. A custom character can have two characters from the show as background dances if they possess a necessary "Friend Ticket".

Idol Land PriPara
 is the title for a mobile game app by Syn Sophia and an anime streamed from the app. In the app, players create and customize characters who can become idols. Produced by Tatsunoko, the anime is directed by Makoto Moriwaki, Michihiro Tsuchiya is supervising the scripts and Avex Pictures is producing the music. Originally set to be released in Q2 2021, the game was delayed five times to August 17, 2023. Soon after launch, however, the game undergone a maintenance until August 23 because its servers were overwhelmed by the number of users. The anime was postponed together with the game, during which period four episodes were previewed.

References

External links
Takara Tomy site
TV Tokyo site

2014 anime television series debuts

Anime television series based on video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Japanese children's animated comedy television series
Japanese idols in anime and manga
Manga based on video games
Music in anime and manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōjo manga
Syn Sophia games
Takara Tomy franchises
Tatsunoko Production
TV Tokyo original programming
Video games developed in Japan
2017 films
2015 films


title: 2014–15 Frauen-Bundesliga

text:
The 2014–15 season of the Frauen-Bundesliga was the 25th season of Germany's premier women's football league. The season began on 30 August 2014 and ended on 10 May 2015. VfL Wolfsburg were the defending champions.

This season was the first to be sponsored by a company. Allianz bought the rights and the league is known as the Allianz-Frauen Bundesliga. As a direct result, each team got €100,000 per season.

Bayern Munich won the Bundesliga title for the first time, and their second German championship overall.

Teams
The teams promoted from the previous 2. Bundesliga season were SC Sand as winners of the Southern division and Herforder SV as winners of the Northern division. BV Cloppenburg and VfL Sindelfingen were relegated.

League table
Frankfurt also qualified for the Champions League as title holders.

Results

Scorers

Top scorers

Célia Šašić defended her top-scorer title from last year.

References

External links
News, Matchdetails, Teams, Transfers on weltfussball.de
Season on dfb.de

2014-15
1


title: Trevor Myles

text:
Trevor Myles is a British former fashion entrepreneur and designer who ran the Mr Freedom boutique at 430 King's Road, Chelsea, London and later in Kensington Church Street, with his business partner Tommy Roberts.

References

English businesspeople in retailing
British fashion designers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
King's Road, Chelsea, London


title: John Butler (priest)

text:
John Butler DD (d. 1682) was a Canon of Windsor from 1669 - 1682.

Career

He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.

He was appointed:
Chaplain to Prince Rupert
Chaplain to King Charles II
Rector of Hartley Westpall

He was appointed to the twelfth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1669, and held the stall until 1682.

Notes

1682 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Year of birth missing


title: John XIII bar Ma'dani

text:
John XIII Aaron bar Ma'dani was the Patriarch of Antioch, and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1252 until his death in 1263.

Biography
Aaron was born in Ma'dan in the 13th century. In 1230, Aaron was ordained as metropolitan of Mardin, upon which he assumed the name John and two years later he was elevated to maphrian by Ignatius III David. As maphrian, John studied and became fluent in Arabic, with which he wrote sermons and letters.

After the death of Ignatius III David, John was elected as patriarch and was consecrated on 4 December 1252. John was patriarch for eleven years before his death in 1263 at the Baqismat Monastery in Sis, Cilician Armenia.

Works
Whilst acting as maphrian, John is known to have composed fifty-two short stories, one of which was translated into Arabic. As well as this John wrote an ode to Aaron the Ascetic and a forty-seven page anthology, containing his most famous poem, The Bird.

John also wrote four homilies in Syriac on Palm Sunday, the Cross, the Presentation of our Lord in the Temple and New Sunday which he later translated into Arabic. In addition to this, John wrote a liturgy and seven canons, six of which he issued at the Monastery of Mor Hananyo and the seventh was included in his early patriarchal proclamations.

See also
 Opizzo Fieschi, nephew of Innocent IV and Latin Patriarch of Antioch during John XII's tenure

References

Syriac Patriarchs of Antioch from 512 to 1783
Year of birth unknown
1263 deaths
Syriac writers
13th-century Syriac Orthodox Church bishops
Syrian archbishops
13th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops
13th-century births
Maphrians


title: TeraScale (microarchitecture)

text:
TeraScale is the codename for a family of graphics processing unit microarchitectures developed by ATI Technologies/AMD and their second microarchitecture implementing the unified shader model following Xenos. TeraScale replaced the old fixed-pipeline microarchitectures and competed directly with Nvidia's first unified shader microarchitecture named Tesla.

TeraScale was used in HD 2000 manufactured in 80 nm and 65 nm, HD 3000 manufactured in 65 nm and 55 nm, HD 4000 manufactured in 55 nm and 40 nm, HD 5000 and HD 6000 manufactured in 40 nm. TeraScale was also used in the AMD Accelerated Processing Units code-named "Brazos", "Llano", "Trinity" and "Richland". TeraScale is even found in some of the succeeding graphics cards brands.

TeraScale is a VLIW SIMD architecture, while Tesla is a RISC SIMD architecture, similar to TeraScale's successor Graphics Core Next.
TeraScale implements HyperZ.

An LLVM code generator (i.e. a compiler back-end) is available for TeraScale, but it seems to be missing in LLVM's matrix. E.g. Mesa 3D makes use of it.

TeraScale 1 (VLIW)

At SIGGRAPH 08 in December 2008 AMD employee Mike Houston described some of the TeraScale microarchitecture.

At FOSDEM09 Matthias Hopf from AMDs technology partner SUSE Linux presented a slide regarding the programming of open-source driver for the R600.

Unified shaders

Previous GPU architectures implemented fixed-pipelines, i.e. there were distinct shader processors for each type of shader. TeraScale leverages many flexible shader processors which can be scheduled to process a variety of shader types, thereby significantly increasing GPU throughput (dependent on application instruction mix as noted below). The R600 core processes vertex, geometry, and pixel shaders as outlined by the Direct3D 10.0 specification for Shader Model 4.0 in addition to full OpenGL 3.0 support.

The new unified shader functionality is based upon a very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture in which the core executes operations in parallel.

A shader cluster is organized into 5 stream processing units. Each stream processing unit can retire a finished single precision floating point MAD (or ADD or MUL) instruction per clock, dot product (DP, and special cased by combining ALUs), and integer ADD. The 5th unit is more complex and can additionally handle special transcendental functions such as sine and cosine. Each shader cluster can execute 6 instructions per clock cycle (peak), consisting of 5 shading instructions plus 1 branch.

Notably, the VLIW architecture brings with it some classic challenges inherent to VLIW designs, namely that of maintaining optimal instruction flow. Additionally, the chip cannot co-issue instructions when one is dependent on the results of the other. Performance of the GPU is highly dependent on the mixture of instructions being used by the application and how well the real-time compiler in the driver can organize said instructions.

R600 core includes 64 shader clusters, while RV610 and RV630 cores have 8 and 24 shader clusters respectively.

Hardware tessellation
TeraScale includes multiple units capable of carrying out tessellation. Those are similar to the programmable units of the Xenos GPU which is used in the Xbox 360.

Tessellation was officially specified in the major API's starting with DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4. TeraScale 1 based GPU's (HD 2000, 3000 and 4000 series) are only conformant to Direct3D 10 and OpenGL 3.3 and implements therefore a different tessellation principle which uses vendor specific API  extensions. The TeraScale 2 based GPU's (starting with the Radeon HD 5000 series) were the first to conform with both Direct3D 11 and OpenGL 4.0 tesselation technique. Although the TeraScale 1 tessellator is simpler in design, it is described by AMD as a subset of the later tesselation standard.

The TeraScale tessellator units allow the developers to take a simple polygon mesh and subdivide it using a curved surface evaluation function. There are different tessellation forms, such as Bézier surfaces with N-patches, B-splines and NURBS, and also some subdivision techniques of the surface, which usually includes displacement map some kind of a texture. Essentially, this allows a simple, low-polygon model to be increased dramatically in polygon density in real-time with very small impact on the performance. Scott Wasson of Tech Report noted during an AMD demo that the resulting model was so dense with millions of polygons that it appeared to be solid.

The TeraScale tessellator is reminiscent of ATI TruForm, the brand name of an early hardware tessellation unit used initially in the Radeon 8500.

ATI TruForm received little attention from software developers. A few games (such as Madden NFL 2004, Serious Sam, Unreal Tournament 2003 and 2004, and unofficially Morrowind), had the support for the ATI's tesselation technology included. Such a slow adaptation has to do with the fact that it was not a feature shared with NVIDIA GPUs, since those had  implemented a competing tessellation solution using Quintic-RT patches which had achieved even less support from the major game developers. Since the Xbox 360's GPU is based on the ATI's architecture, Microsoft saw the hardware-accelerated surface tessellation as a major GPU feature. A couple of years later the tesselation feature became mandatory with the release of the DirectX 11 in 2009.

While the tessellation principle introduced with TeraScale was not part of the OpenGL 3.3 or Direct3D 10.0 requirements, and competitors such as the GeForce 8 series lacked similar hardware, Microsoft has added the tessellation feature as part of their DirectX 10.1 future plans. Finally, Microsoft introduced tessellation as a required capability not with DirectX 10.1 but DirectX 11.

GCN geometric processor is AMD's (which acquired the ATI's GPU business) most current solution for carrying out tessellation using the GPU.

Ultra-threaded dispatch processor
Although the R600 is a significant departure from previous designs, it still shares many features with its predecessor, the Radeon R520. The Ultra-Threaded Dispatch Processor is a major architectural component of the R600 core, just as it was with the Radeon X1000 GPUs. This processor manages a large number of in-flight threads of three distinct types (vertex, geometry, and pixel shaders) and switches amongst them as needed. With a large number of threads being managed simultaneously it is possible to reorganize thread order to optimally utilize the shaders. In other words, the dispatch processor evaluates what goes in the other parts of the R600 and attempts to keep processing efficiency as high as possible. There are lower levels of management as well; each SIMD array of 80 stream processors has its own sequencer and arbiter. The arbiter decides which thread to process next, while the sequencer attempts to reorder instructions for best possible performance within each thread.

Texturing and anti-aliasing
Texturing and final output aboard the R600 core is similar but also distinct from R580. R600 is equipped with 4 texture units that are decoupled (independent) from the shader core, like in the R520 and R580 GPUs.
The render output units (ROPs) of Radeon HD 2000 series now performs the task of Multisample anti-aliasing (MSAA) with programmable sample grids and maximum of 8 sample points, instead of using pixel shaders as in the Radeon X1000 series. Also new is the capability to filter FP16 textures, popular with HDR lighting, at full-speed. ROP can also perform trilinear and anisotropic filtering on all texture formats. On R600, this totals 16 pixels per clock for FP16 textures, while higher precision FP32 textures filter at half-speed (8 pixels per clock).

Anti-aliasing capabilities are more robust on R600 than on the R520 series. In addition to the ability to perform 8× MSAA, up from 6× MSAA on the R300 through R580, R600 has a new custom filter anti-aliasing (CFAA) mode. CFAA refers to an implementation of non-box filters that look at pixels around the particular pixel being processed in order to calculate the final color and anti-alias the image. CFAA is performed by shader, instead of in the ROPs. This brings greatly enhanced programmability because the filters can be customized, but may also bring potential performance issues because of the use of shader resources. As of launch of R600, CFAA utilizes wide and narrow tent filters. With these, samples from outside the pixel being processed are weighted linearly based upon their distance from the centroid of that pixel, with the linear function adjusted based on the wide or narrow filter chosen.

Memory controllers
Memory controllers are connected via internal bi-directional ring bus wrapped around the processor. In Radeon HD 2900, it is a 1,024-bit bi-directional ring bus (512-bit read and 512-bit write), with 8 64-bit memory channels for a total bus width of 512-bits on the 2900 XT.; in Radeon HD 3800, it is a 512-bit ring bus; in Radeon HD 2600 and HD 3600, it is a 256-bit ring bus; In Radeon HD 2400 and HD 3400, there is no ring bus.

Half-generation update

The series saw a half-generation update with die shrink (55 nm) variants: RV670, RV635 and RV620. All variants support PCI Express 2.0, DirectX 10.1 with Shader Model 4.1 features, dedicated ATI Unified Video Decoder (UVD) for all models and PowerPlay technology for desktop video cards.

Except the Radeon HD 3800 series, all variants supported 2 integrated DisplayPort outputs, supporting 24- and 30-bit displays for resolutions up to 2,560×1,600. Each output included 1, 2, or 4 lanes per output, with data rate up to 2.7 Gbit/s per lane.

ATI claimed that the support of DirectX 10.1 can bring improved performance and processing efficiency with reduced rounding error (0.5 ULP compared with average error 1.0 ULP as tolerable error), better image details and quality, global illumination (a technique used in animated films, and more improvements to consumer gaming systems therefore giving more realistic gaming experience. )

Video cards
 Radeon HD 2000 series
 Radeon HD 3000 series
 Radeon HD 4000 series
(see list of chips in those pages)

TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)

TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) was introduced with Radeon HD 5000 Series GPUs in "Evergreen" generation.

At HPG10 Mark Fowler presented the "Evergreen" and stated that e.g. 5870 (Cypress), 5770 (Juniper) and 5670 (Redwood) support max resolution of the 6 times 2560×1600 pixels, while the 5470 (Cedar) supports 4 times 2560×1600 pixels, important for AMD Eyefinity multi-monitor support.

With the release of Cypress, the Terascale graphics engine architecture has been upgraded with twice the number of stream cores, texture units and ROP units compared to the RV770. The architecture of stream cores is largely unchanged, but adds support for DirectX 11/DirectCompute 11 capabilities with new instructions. Also similar to RV770, four texture units are tied to 16 stream cores (each have five processing elements, making a total of 80 processing elements). This combination of is referred to as a SIMD core.

Unlike the predecessor Radeon R700, as DirectX 11 mandates full developer control over interpolation, dedicated interpolators were removed, relying instead on the SIMD cores. The stream cores can handle the higher rounding precision fused multiply–add (FMA) instruction in both single and double precision which increases precision over multiply–add (MAD) and is compliant to IEEE 754-2008 standard. The instruction sum of absolute differences (SAD) has been natively added to the processors. This instruction can be used to greatly improve the performance of some processes, such as video encoding and transcoding on the 3D engine. Each SIMD core is equipped with 32 KiB local data share and 8 kiB of L1 cache, while all SIMD cores share 64 KiB global data share.

Memory controller
Each memory controller ties to two quad ROPs, one per 64-bit channel, and dedicated 512 KiB L2 cache.

Power saving

AMD PowerPlay is supported, see there.

Chips
 Evergreen chips:
 Cedar RV810
 Cypress RV870
 Hemlock R800
 Juniper RV840
 Redwood RV830
 Northern Islands chips:
 Barts  RV940
 Caicos RV910
 Turks  RV930
 APU that include a TeraScale 2 IGP:
 Llano
 Ontario
 Zacate

TeraScale 3 (VLIW4)

TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) replaces the previous 5-way VLIW designs with a 4-way VLIW design. The new design also incorporates an additional tessellation unit to improve Direct3D 11 performance.

TeraScale 3 is introduced in the Radeon HD 6900-branded graphics cards and also implemented in the Trinity and Richland APUs.

Power saving

AMD PowerTune, dynamic frequency scaling for GPUs, was introduced with the Radeon HD 6900 series on December 15, 2010 and has seen continued development, as documented in some reviews by AnandTech.

Chips
 Northern Islands chips:
 Cayman RV970
 Antilles R900
 Trinity and Richland include a TeraScale 3 IGP

Successor

At HPG11 in August 2011 AMD employees Michael Mantor (Senior Fellow Architect) and Mike Houston (Fellow Architect) presented Graphics Core Next, the microarchitecture succeeding TeraScale.

Comparison of TeraScale chips

1 Duo chips such as R680 (2x RV670) and R700 (2x RV770) are not listed.

References

AMD microarchitectures
GPGPU
Radeon TeraScale
Parallel computing
Very long instruction word computing


title: 1983–84 Challenge Cup

text:
The 1983–84 Challenge Cup was the 83rd staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup. Known as the State Express Challenge Cup due to sponsorship by State Express 555, the final was contested by Widnes and Wigan at Wembley. Widnes won the match 19–6.

Preliminary round

First round

Second round

Third round

Semi finals

Final
Widnes were appearing at Wembley for the seventh time in the last ten years, while Wigan were making their first appearance in the final since 1970. Widnes were the winners of a fairly one-sided encounter by a score of 19–6, with Joe Lydon winning the Lance Todd Trophy.

References

External links
Challenge Cup official website
Challenge Cup 1983/84 results at Rugby League Project

Challenge Cup
Challenge Cup
1984 in Welsh rugby league


title: 2014 Gastein Ladies – Doubles

text:
Sandra Klemenschits and Andreja Klepač were the defending champions, but decided not to participate together. Klemenschits teamed up with Mona Barthel, but lost in the quarterfinals to Paula Ormaechea and Dinah Pfizenmaier. Klepač teamed up with María Teresa Torró Flor, but they lost in the final to Karolína Plíšková and Kristýna Plíšková, 6–4, 3–6, [6–10].

Seeds

Draw

References
 Draw

Gastein Ladies - Doubles
2014 Doubles
Gast
Gast


title: George Gillingham

text:
George Gillingham DD (d. 16 December 1668) was a Canon of Windsor from 1639 - 1668.

Career

He was educated at Broadgates Hall, Oxford where he graduated BA 1614 and MA in 1617. He was awarded DD from Pembroke College, Oxford in 1636.

He was appointed:
Rector of Ging Hospital (Fryerning), Essex 1630
Rector of Chalton with Clanfield, Hampshire 1633 - 1668
Chaplain to King Charles I

He was appointed to the twelfth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1639, despite being ejected in 1644 and effectively unable to function as a Canon, he held the stall until 1668.

Notes

1668 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Broadgates Hall, Oxford
Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
Year of birth missing


title: Hampton S. Thomas

text:
Hampton Sidney Thomas (November 3, 1837 – May 21, 1899) was a United States soldier who fought with the Union Army as a major in the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry during the American Civil War. He received his country's highest award for valor, the Medal of Honor, for his "conspicuous gallantry" on April 5, 1865, in the Battle of Amelia Springs, Virginia during which he captured an artillery battery and several enemy flags while also helping to destroy a wagon train of the Confederate States Army. The award was conferred on January 15, 1894.

Formative years
Born in Quakertown, Pennsylvania, on November 3, 1837, Hampton Sidney Thomas was a son of David Thomas, M.D. and Jesse (Baker) Thomas. Reared, during his formative years, in the greater Philadelphia area, he was educated in his community's public schools, and then chose to pursue the trade of carpentry during his teen years.

In 1860, Thomas apprenticed with master carpenter Franklin Ashley in Oxford, Pennsylvania, and also resided with Ashley and his family at this time.

Civil War
A resident of Chester County at the dawn of the American Civil War, Hampton S. Thomas became one of Pennsylvania's earliest responders to President Abraham Lincoln's call for volunteers to help defend Washington, D.C. following the mid-April 1861 fall of Fort Sumter to troops from the Confederate States Army. Enrolling for military service on April 21 at the age of 23 in West Chester, Pennsylvania, Thomas then officially mustered in for duty the next day at Harrisburg as a third corporal with Company E of the 9th Pennsylvania Infantry. Following the completion of his Three Months' Service, he was honorably discharged with his regiment on July 29.

 Two days later, Thomas re-enlisted. Enrolling this time for a three-year term at Harrisburg on July 31, he mustered in at Camp Curtin on August 1, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant with Company G of the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry that same day. Transported to the Eastern theater of battle, he and his regiment were then attached to the U.S. Army of the Potomac. On September 27, he was recommissioned as a first lieutenant. Engaged with his regiment in skirmishing near Dranesville, Virginia on November 26, Thomas and his fellow 1st Cavalrymen received their first taste of combat while supporting a Union artillery battery during the Battle of Dranesville on December 20. Assigned to scouting and defensive duties during the spring of 1862, they patrolled the areas around Catlett's Station, the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, Warrenton, and Rappahannock Station. Appointed in April 1862 as assistant adjutant-general of the 1st Brigade under his former regimental commander, George Dashiell Bayard, who had been commissioned as Chief of Cavalry of III Corps (Union Army), Thomas and his men captured the town of Falmouth after chasing off the enemy during an early morning charge on April 18. As a result of their success, Bayard was commissioned as brigadier-general of U.S. Volunteers on April 28, and Thomas was commissioned as a captain on May 5, and placed in charge of Company M. He and his men were then assigned to picket and scout details south of Fredericksburg, and advance guard and scouting details which supported the movements of Union Army commanding generals Irvin McDowell and George B. McClellan that spring and early summer. Crossing the Shenandoah River, they then helped to cut off the movements of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's men near Strasburg, and supported Pennsylvania's "Bucktails" in their fight against CSA troops near Harrisonburg on June 6 before moving on to Port Republic. Standing in readiness, they next witnessed but did not engage in the Battle of Cross Keys (June 8). Assigned again to picket and scout duties, their next combat engagements came in the Battle of Cedar Mountain (August 8), First Battle of Rappahannock Station (August 20–25), and the Second Battle of Bull Run (August 28–30). Engaged next in the defense of Washington, D.C., Thomas and his men then resumed duties in support of McClellan's troops, engaging with the enemy in minor skirmishes and major charges throughout the fall. During the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11–15), they suffered heavily under intense fire from enemy artillery and infantry, losing a number of their current and former members, including Bayard who asked, after being mortally wounded, that David McMurtrie Gregg be placed in command of the brigade.

Appointed by Brigadier General Gregg as an inspector-general on the staff of the 1st Brigade on April 1, 1863, Thomas participated with the brigade in Stoneman's 1863 raid and then, that summer, led his 1st Pennsylvania Cavalrymen and two companies of the 1st Maryland Cavalry in the recapture of Union artillery at Fleetwood Hill during the Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia on June 9 as Union forces engaged those of Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart. In a memoir penned in 1889, Thomas recalled what happened that day:

 On June 17, Thomas fought with his brigade in the Battle of Aldie, driving Confederate cavalrymen into and, over the next several days, beyond Middleburg. They then clashed again in the Battle of Upperville, and attacked the rear of Stuart's army near Westminster (June 30) before heading for Manchester, Hanover Junction, and on into Adams County, Pennsylvania. While fighting with his regiment in day three of the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 3, 1863, Thomas led a charge of Union men on the left side of 12,500 Confederate cavalrymen and infantry troops, engaging in a "hacking" battle with the enemy and helping to inspire the CSA to retreat, according to historians Edward Longacre and Thomas Holbrook. Recalling the day's events in his 1889 memoir, Thomas noted that:

 After multiple subsequent charges, according to Thomas, the Confederate cavalrymen were forced into retreat. Assigned to picket duties the next day, Thomas and his troops were then ordered to pursue the retreating Confederate Army into Maryland and Virginia. After Thomas and his regiment re-engaged with the enemy near Shepherdstown (July 15) and in the Battle of Culpeper Court House (September 13), he was detailed to oversee the federal elections voting in early October by members of the 6th Ohio Cavalry. He was then hospitalized for three months after being wounded severely during the Battle of Bristoe Station (October 14). His first major engagement, after returning from his convalescence in 1864, was the Battle of Todd's Tavern (May 7, 1864). Attached again to brigade staff of Henry Eugene Davies, he led his men in a cavalry charge on the enemy to rescue Davies and two of his officers that day after they had been captured. Thomas and his men were then assigned with their brigade to the Union's Overland Campaign, fighting in the Battle of Yellow Tavern (May 11), a key engagement in which Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded, and then under Major-General Philip H. Sheridan during his raid on Richmond. After rejoining the Army of the Potomac later in May, they then fought in the battles of Haw's Shop (May 28), Cold Harbor (May 31 – June 12), Trevilian Station (June 11–12), and Saint Mary's Church (June 24). During the Second Battle of Ream's Station (August 25), Thomas was severely injured again, this time during a fall as his horse was shot and killed. While he was recuperating at home during a 30-day medical furlough, he received word that he would be transferred, effective September 18, 1864, to the artillery battery of his regiment's M Company. Also relieved of his brigade staff assignment, he resumed leadership duties with the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry on October 1. His regiment then re-engaged with the enemy off and on for the remaining months of that year.

Commissioned as a major of the regiment on January 4, 1865, Thomas next led his men on a mission in early March to rid the Blackwater Swamp area of unaffiliated highwaymen who had murdered Union soldiers while they were on picket duty. That assignment completed, he reported to City Point, per Sheridan's order, to assume command of a newly formed cavalry unit, and then led his men in the battles of Dinwiddie Court House (March 31) and Five Forks (April 1) and in operations along the South Side Railroad as part of the Third Battle of Petersburg (April 2).

Having previously been brevetted as a lieutenant colonel for his meritorious service, Thomas was then brevetted again on April 5, 1865, this time at the rank of colonel in recognition of his actions in combat that day during the Battle of Amelia Springs — actions which would also result in his being awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor. Recalling the events in his 1889 memoir, Thomas wrote:

Thomas and his men then reconnected with the Union's main command. When Sheridan and other officers came under sudden attack around 5 p.m. that afternoon while inspecting the enemy flags that had been captured earlier, Thomas and his men checked the Confederate attack, resorting to hand-to-hand combat with pistols and sabres in order to protect their own regimental colors. Once again, Thomas was grievously wounded when his horse was shot and killed. This time, however, Thomas was forced to undergo amputation of part of his leg (below the knee) when a Union Army surgeon determined that his leg bone had been shattered beyond repair by a carbine ball.

Transferred to the field and staff officers' corps of the 2nd Provisional Cavalry on June 17, 1865, after successfully recuperating from his injuries, Thomas then honorably mustered out with that regiment at Louisville, Kentucky on August 7, 1865.

Post-war life
Following his honorable discharge from the cavalry, Thomas returned home to the Philadelphia area, and found work as a coal dealer. Sometime around 1866, he and his wife, Sallie, welcomed the birth of a daughter, Mary, followed, respectively in 1868 and 1869, by daughter Lillian and son Philip. During the late 1860s and early 1870s, Thomas also served as the sergeant-at-arms of the Pennsylvania Senate; as the register of wills in West Chester (1874–1877), where he had resided since at least 1870; as the superintendent of the Philadelphia Almshouse (until 1880); as a collector of delinquent taxes; and then magistrate of the 28th district police court in Philadelphia. A member of the Masonic Lodge in Oxford, he was also active with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Republican Party.

He and his wife, Sallie, then welcomed the birth of another son, Bayerd G., in July 1888, who lived just eight weeks. In 1889, Thomas published accounts of his war-time activities. Entitled Some Personal Reminiscences of Service in the Cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, the first work was published in The United Service in January; the second was published later that year by L.R. Hamersly & Co., a Philadelphia-based publisher.

A resident of Philadelphia in 1895, Thomas was still serving as a magistrate in that city during the late 1890s. While conducting a hearing in the Manayunk Police Court on May 9, 1899, he suffered a severe episode of vertigo, the third such attack he had experienced. Taken to his home at 2532 Aspen Street, Thomas was diagnosed by his physician as terminal, and died at his home two weeks later on May 21, 1899. Following a military funeral on June 5, he was buried at Philadelphia's Monument Cemetery. When that cemetery was closed and the land sold during the 1950s, his remains were removed and reinterred at the Lawnview Memorial Park in Rockledge.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
 List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z
 Pennsylvania in the Civil War

References

External links
 Thomas, Hampton S. Some Personal Reminiscences of Service in the Cavalry of the Army of the Potomac. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: L.R. Hamersly, 1889.

1837 births
1899 deaths
American amputees
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Burials at Lawnview Memorial Park
Burials at Monument Cemetery
People from Quakertown, Pennsylvania
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: Gunnar Andersen (cyclist)

text:
Gunnar Tycho Langhof Andersen (12 May 1911 – 13 November 1981) was a Danish cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1911 births
1981 deaths
Danish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Denmark
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Copenhagen


title: John Elly

text:
John Elly (also Ellis) DD (1581–1639) was a canon of Windsor from 1623 to 1639.

Career

He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford and Merton College, Oxford where he graduated BA 1602, MA in 1607, BD and DD in 1633.

He was appointed:
Rector of Lapworth, Warwick 1613
Vicar of Elham, Kent 1612 - 1614
Vicar of Ruislip 1633 - 1639
Vicar of Isleworth 1637 - 1639

He was appointed to the twelfth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1623, and held the stall until 1639.

Notes

1581 births
1639 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford


title: Ionuț Ciobanu

text:
Ionuț Ciobanu (born 23 September 1984 Bucharest) is a Romanian handballer.

International honours
EHF Challenge Cup:
Winner: 2019
EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
Semifinalist: 2010
EHF Challenge Cup:
Winner: 2006
Handball World Championship:
2011

References

1984 births
Living people
Handball players from Bucharest
Romanian male handball players
CSA Steaua București (handball) players
Expatriate handball players
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in France