title: Archaeological interest of Pedra da Gávea

text:
Pedra da Gávea is a mountain in Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Differential weathering on one side of the rock has created what is described as a stylized human face, and weathered markings on another face of the rock have been described as an inscription. Some individuals, such as Bernardo de Azevedo da Silva Ramos, have advanced the position that the inscription is of Phoenician origin and possibly proof of pre-Columbian contact from Old World cultures. Alternative theories proposed include that the rock was the site of a Norse colony or that it is connected with suspected UFO activity.

Mainstream geologists and scientists are in agreement that the "inscription" is the result of erosion and that the "face" is a product of pareidolia. No credible evidence has ever been collected that backs up the idea that Pedra da Gávea was discovered by Phoenicians or any other civilization. Furthermore, the consensus of archaeologists and scholars in Brazil is that the mountain should not be viewed as an archaeological site, and hypotheses that regard it as such are fringe theories.

Purported inscription

Many people throughout the years have believed there to be an inscription carved into the rockface of the mountain. Reportedly, Christian missionaries were the first to notice these "markings", and they reported their findings to John VI, the King of Portugal at the time; his son, Pedro I of Brazil later looked into these theories. According to Paul Herrmann in his book Conquests by Man, for many the inscription on the mountain was attributed to "some unknown prehistoric American people" until some began to speculate that the characters were of Phoenician origin.

In 1839, Januário da Cunha Barbosa and Araújo Porto-Alegre, on behalf of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (IHGB), undertook the first official study of the structure. They later published an article entitled "Relatório Sobre a Inscrição da Gávea" ("The Report on the Inscription of Gávea") in the which they examined the markings more closely. Barbosa and Porto-Alegre argued that there were only two viable hypotheses that could explain the markings: either "the inscription was made by ancient people who landed on the Brazilian coast, or it was the result of mere chance." If the former were the answer, the two voiced hope that one day a "Brazilian Champollion" would be able to decipher the inscription.

In the 1930s, Brazilian archaeologist Bernardo de Azevedo da Silva Ramos studied the mountain, hoping that it could provide evidence for his beliefs that "there existed a pre-Columbian civilization on the American Continent contemporary with the apogee of Phoenician and Greek expansion in the Mediterranean." Ramos traveled to Pedra da Gávea, wrote down the markings described by the IHGB, and then with the aid of a rabbi in Manaus, he claimed to have "succeeded in deciphering the inscriptions". According to him, the inscription, when scanned from right to left (the direction that Phoenician is written), reads "𐤋𐤀𐤀𐤁𐤇𐤕𐤄𐤉𐤁𐤀𐤓𐤓𐤉𐤆𐤃𐤀𐤁𐤍𐤀𐤉𐤔𐤉𐤍𐤄𐤏𐤅𐤓𐤅𐤆𐤕". This inscription, when transliterated into the Latin alphabet, is said to read "TZUR FOENISIAN BADZIR RAB JETHBAAL", which translates roughly to "Tyre, Phoenicia, Badezir, Firstborn of Jethbaal". This supposedly refers to a ruler of Phoenicia named Baal-Eser II who ruled Tyre in the mid-9th century, c. 850 BC. Ramos subsequently published a two-volume book entitled Tradições da America Pré-Histórica, Especialmente do Brasil, that attempted to document all evidence of supposed Phoenician inscriptions in Brazil.

Various other people and organizations have attempted to rationalize and verify the inscription. At least one study was undertaken by a Latter Day Saint Elder named Irineu Petri to find "the possible relation between the inscription … and the Book of Mormon." Argentinian fringe archaeologist Jacques de Mahieu argued that the inscription was not Phoenician, but rather Nordic runes, which read: "Next to this rock, numerous oak planks for ship are deposited on the beaches of sand." Furthermore, he argued that Vikings would have revered the site, as the mountain would have appeared to them as their god Odin. The International Fortean Organization used the 1982 discovery of what were believed to be Phoenician amphorae in Guanabara Bay by Robert F. Marx as evidence that the Phoenicians were at least in the area.

In addition to the purported inscription, the "face" of the rock is alleged by some to have been carved around the same time in the likeness of Badezir. Additionally, an issue of The INFO Journal speculated as to whether the mountain contains a Phoenician tomb (although there is no scientific evidence to suggest that this is the case).

Scientific analysis

Because Barbosa and Porto-Alegre's research was carried out during the early years of the reign of Brazilian Emperor Pedro II, Lucia Maria Pascoal Guimarães and Birgitte Holten later postulated that the focus placed on Pedra da Gávea was an attempt by the Brazilian Empire to nation-build and "establish the 'roots' of [an] ethno-cultural" state anchored in the concept of the Old World. Ramos's work in particular was criticized by scientists and scholars. A.R. Nykl wrote that Ramos "adopted wrong principles and consequently arrived at wrong conclusions." Furthermore, Nykl wrote that "to look for Phoenician and Greek equivalents in the mysterious petroglyphs … is pure imagination devoid of any solid basis." In an article for LiveScience, Kim Ann Zimmermann argued that the belief in the inscriptions and "face" at Pedra da Gávea are example of pareidolia, or the psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus being perceived as significant.

Most researchers suggest that the inscription and "face" are merely the results of erosion. Barbosa and Porto-Alegre initially concluded that while it was possible that the marks were eroded Phoenician letters, there was also the chance that they were made by natural processes. T. Cooper Clark, a fellow of both the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, in his article "The XXth International Congress of Americanists", described an expedition that he took to the site, and claimed that "the lines are only formed by erosion" and that "the very inaccessibility of the spot at once dismisses the idea of such marks being the work of man." In the book Geomorphological Landscapes of the World, it is suggested that the "face" of the structure is the result of differential weathering at the point where the granite cap of the mountain meets the gneiss layer. In August 2000, a group of geologists travelled to the summit of Pedra da Gávea with equipment to determine whether the mountain possessed any hollow spaces; their results showed that the structure was solid and that there were no internal tunnels or burial tombs. The group also concluded that the "inscriptions" were just vertical grooves that had been worn into the less resistant parts of the stone.

In the mid-1950s, the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Health denied that the site featured any writing, declaring "that examination by geologists had proved it to be nothing more than the effect of weather erosion which happened to look like an inscription." Brazilian archaeologists and scholars have adopted a "negative attitude" toward the treatment of the site, with Herrmann noting that "Brazilian archaeology denies altogether the existence of Phoenician inscription in any part of the country whatsoever."

See also
 Archaeology of the Americas
 Geography of Brazil
 Pseudoarchaeology
 Pseudoscience

Notes

References

Bibliography

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
Pseudoarchaeology
Hyperdiffusionism


title: Ben McPherson

text:
Ben McPherson is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and painter.

Career

McPherson was born and raised in Farmington, New Mexico. He started working as an artist during high school. His work has been featured in Southwest Art Magazine and the American Art Collector

McPherson's artwork and creative process have attracted national attention, In 2007, McPherson was featured in God's Close-Up, the third episode of the Showtime television series This American Life. The segment was nominated for three television Emmy awards.

In 2013, McPherson wrote, produced, and directed the live stage production Man in the Moon. Shortly thereafter, Ben was hired to head up American Dream Labs, the new Film and Scripted Television division of Mercury Radio Arts.

References

External links
 Ben McPherson Website

Living people
American male screenwriters
American artists
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Jayendra Thakur

text:
Jayendra Vishnu Thakur most commonly known as Bhai Thakur is a former underworld gangster who has been in jail multiple times under several charges including smuggling, murder and amongst various other cases. He hails from palghar.

Personal life
He is elder brother of politician and chairman of regional political party Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi (BVA), Hitendra Thakur, a MLA from Vasai. His nephew, Kshitij Thakur is a MLA from Nalasopara.

Career
He wields enormous influence within the Vasai-Virar belt owing to his former criminal background, his brother's political party and the Viva Group, owned by his family which controls multiple construction projects in the region. He has allegedly lost an eye in attack by a rival gang during his gangster days. In 1990, he is alleged to have helped in successfully fielding his brother, Hitendra Thakur in Vidhan Sabha elections. It is also said that Petroleum Minister Ram Naik took his help in the last two Lok Sabha polls through his brother Hitendra.

Crimes and conviction
He was accused in the Suresh Dube  and Nizam Ansari murder case in 1989.

The list of cases against Jayendra alia is long - extortion, criminal intimidation, attempt to murder, murder.

He was put behind bars after Sudhakarrao Naik took over as Chief Minister.

References

Living people
People from Thane district
People from Virar
Gang members
Crime in Maharashtra
Criminals from Maharashtra
1953 births


title: International Moral Education Congress

text:
The International Moral Education Congress was an international academic conference held in Europe six times between 1908 and 1934. It convened because of an interest in moral education by many countries beginning a decade before the inaugural event. The movement for moral education had an ardent champion in the Ethical movement. The idea to hold the congress was at the behest of the International Union of Ethical Societies; its greatest proponents were Professor Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster and Gustav Spiller, the secretary of the Union. The first congress was held in 1908,  and except for one 10-year beak (1912-1922), the congress met every four years in various cities. The official languages were German, English, and French.

Background
The Moral Education League of London was founded in 1897. This organization exercised a considerable influence, not only in the United Kingdom but in various parts of the British Empire and throughout the world. Its president was John Stuart Mackenzie. Among its members were Catholics, Anglicans, Jews, Unitarians, Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Nonconformists, Ethicists, Rationalists, Positivists, and others. Its secretary was Harrold Johnson, who was later appointed Hon. Secretary of the International Moral Education Congress Executive Council. The league also employed a demonstrator, Frederick James Gould, who acquired an international reputation for his numerous
books on moral lessons. This League succeeded in 1906 in inducing the Board of Education to make provision for moral instruction in the education code for England and Wales.

In 1905, a new Italian Education Code was published, laying the utmost stress on moral education and making detailed regulations with regard to moral instruction. In the following year, a new Hungarian Education Code was issued. In 1905, a new Austrian Education Code came to light. In Portugal, a manual of Moral Instruction for Primary Schools, as distinct from Religious Instruction, was officially published in 1906. In the United States, schemes of moral instruction were elaborated in many places. In Germany, the Reading Books for Elementary Schools contained abundance of ethical matter. In Switzerland, several Cantons took distinct steps in the direction of drawing up Moral Instruction Programmes. In Belgium, Moral Instruction Syllabuses for Primary Schools and for Training Colleges existed. In France and Japan, where moral instruction was introduced, the subject was being studied with redoubled interest. In Russia, the authorities were turning their attention to this subject. And, finally, in England, the Code of the Board of Education for 1906 stated that "Moral instruction should form an important part of every school curriculum".

Educationists generally laid increasing emphasis on the moral factor in education, while men in every walk of life came more and more to feel that the training of the intellect must be accompanied by the development of character if the school is to serve effectively the nation and humanity. This movement for moral education had an ardent champion in the Ethical movement.

1908

The First Congress was held at the University of London, London, England, on September 25–29, 1908. Michael Sadler served as president. The Congress counted altogether some 1,800 members and 2,000 volumes of the Papers on Moral Education were disposed of within less than four weeks after the first Congress met. Both educational magazines and leading daily papers rendered valuable assistance to the Congress. There were sessions on the following topics: The Principles of Moral Education; Aims, Means and Limitations in the various types of schools; Character Building by Discipline, Influence and Opportunity; the Problems of Moral Instruction; Relation of Religious Education to Moral Education; Systematic Moral Instruction; The Relation of Moral Education to Education under Other Aspects; the Problem of Moral Education under varying conditions of Age and Opportunity; Biology and Moral Education.

1912
The Second Congress was held at The Hague, Netherlands August 22–27, 1912. Dr. J. Th. Mouton was the President of the Executive Committee. The following twenty-three countries sent official government delegates: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chili, China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, Haiti, Hungary, India (British), Ireland, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Romania, South Australia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and Tunis. Over 1,000 members (apart from honorary members) were officially enrolled for the congress. Over 200 papers of some 2,000 words each were contributed and appeared in the five published volumes of more than 1,200 pages. The subjects dealt with and under discussion at the various sessions were: Moral Education and Character Building considered from the Denominationalist, the Undenominationalist and the Independent-Moralist points of view; Moral Education considered from social and national points of view Formation of the Will; Physical Training as a means of Character-Building; Moral Education considered from a Practical Point of View; the Moral Education of Adolescents; Character-Building in family life and in society at large; Character-Building of young people at educational institutions not dedicated to the ordinary primary education; Character-Building of Abnormal Children.

This Congress stated it would not advocate the views of any society or party, but it would afford to all who are interested in moral education, whatever their religious or ethical convictions, nationality and point of view, an equal opportunity of expressing their opinions and comparing them with those of others. This proved so good a basis that the congress with unanimity adopted it as the basis of future congresses, with the addition of the following object: The object of the Congress is to enlist the active co-operation of all, irrespective of race, nations, and creed, in promoting the work of moral education. The first aim of the Second Congress, as of the first, was to cultivate the co-operation of men and women representing different schools of thought in matters of education, giving every one an opportunity in the spirit of toleration, of defining and explaining his opinion and point of view.

1922

The Third Congress met in the Aula, or Assembly Hall, of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, July 28 to August 1, 1922. About 500 members attended, representing 30 nationalities and 29 national committees. Thirty-three papers were contributed, all being published in French, in two volumes, by Delachaux, at Neuchatel. The topics were confined to (1) the international motive, with special reference to the teaching of history; and (2) the motive of service. Frederick Pollock gave the inaugural address on behalf of the International Executive Council (London), and was followed by the newly elected president of the Congress, Dr. Adolphe Ferrière, who was an  advocate of progressive education. Among the speakers during the eight sessions, perhaps the most popular were three—Professor Foerster; M. Albert Thomas, Director of the Labor Office of the League of Nations; and Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scout Movement. A special session was held in the hall of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, chaired by Gustav Spiller, which included Nitobe Inazō, Director of the Section of International Bureaus. The Congress approved of the establishment of an International Moral Education Bureau at The Hague, and decided to form a permanent association of educationists of the world, based on the 29 national committees already existing.

1926
The Fourth Congress took place in Rome, Italy, from September 28 to October 2, 1926. Francesco Orestano served as president.

1930
The Fifth Congress took place at the University of Sorbonne in Paris, France, September 23–27, 1930. Sébastien Charléty served as president.

1934
The Sixth Congress took place in Krakow, Poland, September 11–14, 1934.

Scholarly review
In 2004, Marco Cicchini of the University of Geneva published his study based on a review of the proceedings and publications of the six congresses. He synthesized the congresses' aims and ideals, the theoretical and institutional outlines, the socio-professional profiles of the participants, the status of their contributions, and the disciplines invited to discuss the issues. He also noted on the changes which led to the disappearance of the congress.

References

1908 establishments in the United Kingdom
Academic conferences
Ethics organizations
Education in Europe
1908 in London


title: Rio Shopping Center

text:
The Rio Shopping Center was a  open-air shopping center in Atlanta. It was located at the southeast corner of Piedmont Avenue and North Avenue in the northwesternmost part of what is now the Old Fourth Ward, at its border of SoNo and Midtown Atlanta. It was designed by Arquitectonica in postmodern style, landscaped by Martha Schwartz and opened in the Fall of 1988. It was the first free-standing complex of its kind to be built in central Atlanta in more than twenty years.

Architecture and features
The architectural style was postmodern incorporating whimsical (also called kitsch or pop art) elements such as a fountain with gold colored frog sculptures. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution criticized what it termed Arquitectonica's "compromises". Rio had a 25-screen video wall playing a variety of video, from television shows to a specially commissioned site-specific artwork. The custom design of the video wall, the installation and the programming was completed by Visioneering® International, Inc.   Stores and services included Benetton, Camp Beverly Hills, Enrico's, High Country Outfitters, Carmine's, Coyote Cafe, Patio Hut Cafe, Wolf Camera, Tic-Tac-Toe T-shirts and The Crab House.

Awards

Rio was awarded "The Best New Development - Retail" award by the Atlanta Business Chronicle. Business Week selected Rio for "The Best of Architecture" award in 1988 and the Fulton County Developers Award was presented to Rio for best new retail project, 1988.

Despite its awards, the center was not successful in attracting customers and closed about a decade after opening. In 2002, Creative Loafing looked back on Rio, stating:
 "The golden frogs were funky, the fountain was cool, the wall of TVs was eye-catching, but Rio -- hailed as an architectural prize when it debuted in 1989 at the corner of Piedmont and North -- was just too quirky and Gap-free to catch on with conservative Southerners, despite its intown location."

The site now contains a strip mall with a Walgreens pharmacy and  Publix supermarket dedicated in 2001 as well as the Savannah Midtown apartment complex.

References

External links
Gallery on Martha Schwartz site

Demolished shopping malls in the United States
Defunct shopping malls in the United States
Shopping malls in the Atlanta metropolitan area
Postmodern architecture in the United States
Old Fourth Ward


title: Whale feces

text:
Whale feces, the excrement of whales, has a vital role in the ecology of oceans, earning whales the title of "marine ecosystem engineers." This significant ecological role stems from the nutrients and compounds found in whale feces, which have far-reaching effects on marine life.

Nitrogen and iron chelate released by cetacean species offer significant benefits to the marine food chain and contribute to long-term carbon sequestration. Additionally, whale feces contains a wealth of information about the health, natural history, and ecology of individual animals or groups. This source of information includes DNA, hormones, toxins, and various other chemicals. Studying whale feces provides valuable insights into the lives of these marine creatures, aiding scientists in understanding their behaviors, diets, and overall well-being. Furthermore, the nutrients released through whale feces play a vital role in marine ecosystems, supporting phytoplankton growth, enhancing the food chain, and contributing to the overall health of the oceans.

In addition to feces, the digestive system of sperm whales produces ambergris, a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color which can be found floating on the sea or washed up on the coast.

Description

Whales excrete plumes of liquid feces that are flocculent in nature, consisting of loose aggregations of particles. These feces, often found floating on the sea surface after being excreted underwater before it dissociates, contain undigested hard objects such as squid beaks. Fecal samples are characterized by color, odor, texture, and buoyancy, providing valuable information about the health and ecology of whales. Flatulence has been recorded in whales.

Ecological significance

Nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration
One of the crucial roles of whale feces is in nutrient cycling, particularly nitrogen circulation in the ocean. Whales transport more nitrogen through their feces in certain regions than all the rivers combined, enriching both primary and secondary productivity. Additionally, the iron-rich feces of krill-eating whales encourage phytoplankton growth, benefiting the marine food chain and sequestering carbon dioxide for extended periods. The Southern Ocean, rich in nutrients but iron-deficient, experiences increased phytoplankton blooms due to whale feces, acting as a significant carbon sink.

The phenomenon of whales defecating near the water's surface reverses the typical flow of nutrients in the ocean's biological pump, contributing to the "whale pump." Whales feed at deeper levels where krill is found, and their fecal matter, rich in iron, rises to the surface. This action enhances phytoplankton productivity and supports fish populations. Whales, along with krill, form a positive feedback loop, where their populations contribute to the recycling of iron, further boosting phytoplankton growth.

A study in the Gulf of Maine extrapolated from modern levels nitrogen recycling in the sea due to marine mammals, such as cetaceans and seals, prior to the advent of commercial culling, estimating a former level thrice that of supply of nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere. Even today, despite reduction of marine mammal populations and increase in nitrogen uptake from the atmosphere and nitrogen pollution, the local clustering of marine mammals plays a significant role in maintaining the productivity in the regions they frequent.  The enrichment is not only in primary productivity but also secondary productivity in the form of abundance in fish populations.

The study assumes that whales tend to defecate more commonly in the upper part of the water column, which they frequent for breathing; additionally the feces tend to float. Whales feed at deeper levels of the ocean where krill is found. The fecal action of whales thus reverses the usual flow of nutrients of the ocean's "biological pump" due to the downward flow of "marine snow" and other detritus from surface to bottom. The phenomenon has been termed the "whale pump".

The Gulf of Maine study also found that the view of whales and other marine mammals as competitors for fishing, advocated by some nations, is incorrect as whales play a vital role in maintaining the productivity of phytoplankton and consequently  the fish. Culling marine mammal populations threatens the nutrient supply and the productivity of fishing grounds.

In addition, the feces of krill-eating whales is rich in iron. The release of iron from whale feces encourages the growth of phytoplankton in the sea, which not only benefits the marine food chain, but also sequesters carbon for long periods of time.  When phytoplankton, which is not consumed in its lifetime, perishes, it descends through the euphotic zone and settles down into the depths of sea. Phytoplankton sequesters an estimated 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the ocean each year, causing the ocean to become a sink of carbon dioxide which holds an estimated 90% of all sequestered carbon. The Southern Ocean is amongst the largest ranges for phytoplankton and has the characteristic of being nutrient-rich in terms of  phosphate, nitrate  and silicate, while it is iron-deficient at the same time. Increases of nutrient iron results in blooming of phytoplankton. Whale feces is up to 10 million times richer in iron than the surrounding sea water and plays a vital role in providing the iron required for maintaining phytoplankton biomass on the earth. The iron defecation of just the 12,000 strong sperm whale population  in the Southern Ocean results in the sequestration of 200,000 tonnes of atmospheric carbon per year.

A study of the Southern Ocean found that whales not only recycled iron concentrations vital for phytoplankton, but also formed, along with krill, a major source of sequestered iron in the ocean, up to 24% of the iron held in the surface waters of Southern Ocean. Whales formed part of a positive feedback loop and if whale populations are allowed to recover in the Southern Ocean,  greater productivity of phytoplankton will result as larger amounts of iron are recycled through the system.

Accordingly, whales are referred to as "marine ecosystem engineers".

A study conducted in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago of the southwest Atlantic Ocean, revealed the feces and vomit of Spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) formed part of the diet of twelve species of reef fish from seven different families. The most prolific consumer was the black triggerfish or black durgon (Melichthys niger), which could even discern the postures dolphins assumed prior to voiding and positioned themselves for effective feeding. All these offal eating fish species are recorded plankton eaters and it is considered that this type of feeding may represent a change in its usual diet, i.e. drifting plankton.

Whales, along with other large animals, play a significant role in the transport of nutrients in global ecological cycles. Population reduction of whales and other large animals has severely affected the efficacy of pump mechanisms which transport nutrients from the deep sea to the continental shelves.

Whale feces as indicators of health and ecology

Whale feces contain DNA, hormones, toxins and other chemicals which can give information on a number of aspects of the health, natural history and ecology of the animal concerned. Feces have also provided information on the bacteria present in the gastro-intestinal tract of whales and dolphins.

Indicator for diet composition
A 2016 research study used fecal analysis of wild orcas, which spent the summer season in the Salish Sea, for quantitively estimation of prey species. The analysis was consistent with earlier estimates based on surface prey remains. The study found that salmonids comprised over 98.6% of the identified genetic sequences with Chinook and Coho salmon species as the most important prey species.

As indicator for population decline
A research study, published in 2012, on impacts of overfishing and maritime traffic on a wild population of the Southern Resident Killer Whales of the western seaboard of North America, was based on the chemical analysis of fecal specimens  of orcas. The study aimed to find out the reasons for orca decline for which three causes were hypothesized - disturbance by boats and ships, lack of food, and, long-term exposure of toxins which accumulate in whale fat, namely DDT, PBDT and PCB.

Fecal samples of orca were detected with the help of a trained spotter dog, a black labrador retriever, named "Tucker", from a firm Conservation Canines. The dog could detect fresh scat from orcas while following in a boat  behind a pod of orcas. Fecal samples collected were tested for the presence and quantity of DNA, as well as stress,  nutrition and  reproductive hormones, and toxins such as  PBDE, PCB, and DDT congeners.

The fecal samples were analyzed over time and co-related to boat densities over time and the quantity of Fraser River Chinook salmon, the main constituent of orca diet in those regions. Boat densities and the salmon abundance over time were estimated independently. Glucocorticoids  in orcas rise when the animal faces psychological tension or starvation. The study found that prey is maximum in August, at which time, boats are most abundant. Conversely, the availability of salmon was minimum in late fall when the level of marine boat traffic was also the least. Glucocorticoid levels were highest in the fall when there was a shortage of prey and maximum during August at the height of availability of food.

Similarly, thyroid hormones co-relate to nutritional stress, enabling animals to lower metabolism rates to better conserve declining nutrition. The Southern Resident Killer Whales arrive in the study area in spring after having fed on salmons from early spring spawning on other rivers when their thyroid hormone levels are highest. The hormone levels decline as the animals arrive in the study area, plateau during the time of fish availability and decline further during the period of nutritional scarcity. The toxin analysis was ongoing at the time of publication of research. So far, presence of congeners of the three toxins in whale feces are found to be proportionate to the levels of these chemicals measured in samples of orca flesh during biopsy.  The results indicate that restoring the abundance and quality of available prey is an important first measure to restoring orca populations in the area under study.

Biodiversity indicator

An analysis of feces of two dolphin and one whale species led to the discovery of a new species of Helicobacter, namely Helicobacter cetorum, the bacteria being associated with clinical symptoms and gastritis in the cetaceans.

See also
 Ambergris

References

External links
 The 8-year-old who discovered a $65,000 piece of whale poop

Biological oceanography
Feces
Marine biology
Whales


title: 2008 James Madison Dukes football team

text:
The 2008 James Madison Dukes football team represented James Madison University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FCS football season. JMU finished the season 12–2 with an undefeated record of 8–0 in the Colonial Athletic Association.

Schedule

References

James Madison
James Madison Dukes football seasons
Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference champion seasons
James Madison Dukes football


title: List of Terrytoons animated shorts

text:
This is a list of animated short films produced by Terrytoons from 1929 to 1971, and later Filmation from 1968 to 1971. First produced by Paul Terry from 1929 to 1956, and then by CBS from 1953 to 1971, this list does also included cartoons originally produced for TV that were later screened in theaters 1959–1971.
This list does not include:
 Cartoons made for a television series, such as Lariat Sam or Tom Terrific
 Aesop's Film Fables
 Van Beuren Studios

1930s

1930

 Caviar - February 23, 1930
 Pretzels - March 9, 1930
 Spanish Onions - March 23, 1930
 Indian Pudding - April 6, 1930
 Roman Punch - April 20, 1930
 Hot Turkey - May 4, 1930
 Hawaiian Pineapples - May 4, 1930
 Swiss Cheese - May 18, 1930
 Codfish Balls - June 1, 1930
 Hungarian Goulash - June 15, 1930
 Bully Beef - July 13, 1930
 Kangaroo Steak - July 27, 1930
 Monkey Meat - August 10, 1930
 Chop Suey - August 24, 1930
 French Fried (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 7, 1930
 Dutch Treat - September 21, 1930
 Irish Stew - October 5, 1930
 Fried Chicken - October 19, 1930
 Jumping Beans - November 2, 1930
 Scotch Highball - November 16, 1930
 Salt Water Taffy - November 30, 1930
 Golf Nuts - December 14, 1930
 Pigskin Capers - December 28, 1930

1931

 Popcorn - January 11, 1931
 Club Sandwich (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 25, 1931
 Razzberries (Farmer Al Falfa) - February 8, 1931
 Go West, Big Boy - February 22, 1931
 Quack, Quack - March 8, 1931
 The Explorer (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 22, 1931
 Clowning - April 5, 1931
 Sing, Sing Prison - April 19, 1931
 The Fireman's Bride - May 3, 1931
 The Sultan's Cat (Farmer Al Falfa) - May 17, 1931
 A Day to Live - May 31, 1931
 2000 B.C. - June 14, 1931
 Blues - June 28, 1931
 By the Sea - July 12, 1931
 Her First Egg - July 26, 1931
 Jazz Mad (Farmer Al Falfa) - August 9, 1931
 Canadian Capers (Farmer Al Falfa) - August 23, 1931
 Jesse and James - September 6, 1931
 The Champ (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 20, 1931
 Around the World - October 4, 1931
 Jingle Bells - October 18, 1931
 The Black Spider - November 1, 1931
 China - November 15, 1931
 The Lorelei - November 29, 1931
 Summertime - December 13, 1931
 Aladdin's Lamp - December 27, 1931

1932

 The Villain's Curse - January 10, 1932
 Noah's Outing (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 24, 1932
 The Spider Talks - February 7, 1932
 Peg Leg Pete - February 21, 1932
 Play Ball - March 6, 1932
 Ye Olde Songs (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 20, 1932
 Bull-ero - April 3, 1932
 Radio Girl - April 17, 1932
 Woodland (Farmer Al Falfa) - May 1, 1932
 Romance - May 15, 1932
 Bluebeard's Brother - May 29, 1932
 Farmer Al Falfa's Bedtime Story (Farmer Al Falfa) - June 12, 1932
 The Mad King - June 26, 1932
 Cocky Cock Roach - July 10, 1932
 Spring Is Here (Farmer Al Falfa) - July 24, 1932
 Farmer Al Falfa's Ape Girl (Farmer Al Falfa) - August 7, 1932
 Sherman Was Right - August 21, 1932
 Burlesque - September 4, 1932
 Southern Rhythm - September 10, 1932
 Farmer Al Falfa's Birthday Party (Farmer Al Falfa) - October 2, 1932
 College Spirit - October 16, 1932
 Hook and Ladder No. 1 - October 30, 1932
 The Forty Thieves - November 13, 1932
 Toyland (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 27, 1932
 Hollywood Diet - December 11, 1932
 Ireland Or Bust - December 25, 1932

1933

 Jealous Lover - January 8, 1933
 Robin Hood - January 22, 1933
 Hansel and Gretel - February 5, 1933
 The Tale of a Shirt - February 19, 1933
 Down On the Levee - March 5, 1933
 Who Killed Cock - Robin - March 19, 1933
 Oh! Susanna - April 2, 1933
 Romeo and Juliet - April 16, 1933
 Pirate Ship - April 30, 1933
 Tropical Fish (Farmer Al Falfa) - May 14, 1933
 Cinderella - May 28, 1933
 King Zilch - June 11, 1933
 The Banker's Daughter (Fanny Zilch) - June 25, 1933
 The Oil Can Mystery (Fanny Zilch) - July 9, 1933
 Fanny In the Lion's Den (Fanny Zilch) - July 23, 1933
 Hypnotic Eyes (Fanny Zilch) - August 11, 1933
 Grand Uproar - August 25, 1933
 Pick-Necking (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 22, 1933
 Fanny's Wedding Day (Fanny Zilch) - October 6, 1933
 A Gypsy Fiddler - October 6, 1933
 Beanstalk Jack - October 20, 1933
 The Village Blacksmith (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 3, 1933
 Robinson Crusoe (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 17, 1933
 Little Boy Blue - November 30, 1933
 In Venice - December 15, 1933
 The Sunny South - December 29, 1933

1934

 Holland Days (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 12, 1934
 The Three Bears - January 26, 1934
 Rip Van Winkle (Farmer Al Falfa) - February 9, 1934
 The Last Straw - February 23, 1934
 The Owl and the Pussycat (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 9, 1934
 A Mad House - March 23, 1934
 Joe's Lunch Wagon - April 6, 1934
 Just A Clown - April 20, 1934
 The King's Daughter - May 4, 1934
 The Lion's Friend - May 18, 1934
 Pandora - June 1, 1934
 Slow But Sure - June 15, 1934
 See the World - June 29, 1934
 My Lady's Garden - July 13, 1934
 Irish Sweepstakes - July 27, 1934
 Busted Blossoms - August 10, 1934
 Mice In Council - August 24, 1934
 Why Mules Leave Home (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 7, 1934
 Jail Birds - September 21, 1934
 The Black Sheep - October 5, 1934
 The Magic Fish - October 17, 1934
 Hot Sands - November 2, 1934
 Tom, Tom the Piper's Son - November 16, 1934
 Jack's Shack - November 30, 1934
 South Pole or Bust - December 14, 1934
 The Dog Show - December 28, 1934

1935

 The First Snow - January 11, 1935
 What A Night (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 25, 1935
 The Bull Fight (Puddy the Pup) - February 6, 1935
 Fireman, Save My Child - February 22, 1935
 The Moth and the Spider - March 8, 1935
 Old Dog Tray (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 21, 1935
 Flying Oil (Farmer Al Falfa) - April 5, 1935
 Peg Leg Pete, The Pirate - April 19, 1935
 Modern Red Hood - May 3, 1935
 Five Puplets - May 17, 1935
 Opera Night - May 31, 1935
 King Looney XIV - June 14, 1935
 Moans and Groans (Farmer Al Falfa) - June 28, 1935
 Amateur Night - July 12, 1935
 The Foxy-Fox - July 26, 1935
 Chain Letters - August 9, 1935
 Birdland - August 23, 1935
 Circus Days - September 6, 1935
 Hey Diddle Diddle - September 20, 1935
 Foiled Again (Fanny Zilch) - October 14, 1935
 Football - October 15, 1935
 A June Bride (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 1, 1935
 Aladdin's Lamp - November 15, 1935
 Southern Horse - Pitality - November 29, 1935
 Ye Olde Toy Shop - December 13, 1935
 The Mayflower - December 27, 1935

1936

 The Feud - January 10, 1936
 The 19th Hole Club (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 24, 1936
 Home Town Olympics (Farmer Al Falfa) - February 7, 1936
 The Alpine Yodeler (Farmer Al Falfa) - February 21, 1936
 Barnyard Amateurs (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 6, 1936
 Off to China - March 20, 1936
 The Western Trail (Farmer Al Falfa) - April 3, 1936
 A Wolf In Cheap Clothing - April 17, 1936
 Rolling Stones (Farmer Al Falfa) - May 1, 1936
 The Runt (Farmer Al Falfa) - May 15, 1936
 The Busy Bee - May 29, 1936
 The Sailor's Home - June 12, 1936
 A Tough Egg (Rudy the Rooster) - June 26, 1936
 The Hot Spell (Farmer Al Falfa) - July 10, 1936
 Puddy Pup and the Gypsies (Puddy the Pup) - July 24, 1936
 Farmer Al Falfa's Prize Package (Farmer Al Falfa/Kiko the Kangaroo) - July 31, 1936
 Kiko and the Honey Bears (Kiko the Kangaroo) - August 21, 1936
 The Health Farm (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 4, 1936
 A Bully Frog - September 18, 1936
 Kiko Foils the Fox (Kiko the Kangaroo) - October 2, 1936
 Sunken Treasures (Puddy the Pup) - October 16, 1936
 A Battle Royal (Farmer Al Falfa) - October 30, 1936
 An Arrow Escape - November 13, 1936
 Farmer Al Falfa's 20th Anniversary (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 27, 1936
 Cats In the Bag (Puddy the Pup) - December 11, 1936
 Skunked Again (Farmer Al Falfa/Kiko the Kangaroo) - December 25, 1936

1937

 Salty McGuire - January 8, 1937
 The Tin Can Tourist (Farmer Al Falfa) - January 22, 1937
 The Book Shop (Puddy the Pup) - February 5, 1937
 The Big Game Haunt (Farmer Al Falfa) - February 19, 1937
 Red Hot Music (Kiko the Kangaroo) - March 5, 1937
 Flying South (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 19, 1937
 The Hay Ride (Kiko the Kangaroo) - April 12, 1937
 Bug Carnival - April 16, 1937
 School Birds - April 30, 1937
 Puddy's Coronation (Puddy the Pup) - May 14, 1937
 Ozzie Ostritch Comes To Town (Kiko the Kangaroo) - May 28, 1937
 Play Ball (Kiko the Kangaroo) - June 11, 1937
 The Mechanical Cow (Farmer Al Falfa) - June 25, 1937
 Pink Elephants (Farmer Al Falfa) - July 9, 1937
 The Homeless Pup (Puddy the Pup) - July 23, 1937
 The Paper Hangers - July 30, 1937
 Trailer Life (Farmer Al Falfa) - August 20, 1937
 The Villain Still Pursued Her (Oil Can Harry) - September 3, 1937
 Kiko's Cleaning Day (Kiko the Kangaroo) - September 17, 1937
 A Close Shave (Farmer Al Falfa) - October 1, 1937
 The Dancing Bear (Farmer Al Falfa) - October 15, 1937
 The Saw Mill Mystery (Fanny Zilch) - October 29, 1937
 The Dog And the Bone (Puddy the Pup) - November 12, 1937
 The Timid Rabbit - November 26, 1937
 The Billy Goat's Whiskers (Farmer Al Falfa) - December 10, 1937
 The Barnyard Boss - December 24, 1937

1938

 Lion Hunt - January 7, 1938
 Bugs Beetle and His Orchestra - January 21, 1938
 His Day Off (Puddy the Pup) - February 4, 1938
 Just Ask Jupiter - February 18, 1938
 Gandy the Goose (Gandy Goose) - March 4, 1938
 Happy and Lucky (Puddy the Pup) - March 18, 1938
 A Mountain Romance - April 1, 1938
 Robinson Crusoe's Broadcast - April 15, 1938
 Maid In China - April 29, 1938
 The Big Top (Puddy the Pup) - May 12, 1938
 Devil of the Deep - May 27, 1938
 Here's to the Good Old Jail - June 10, 1938
 The Last Indian - June 24, 1938
 Milk For Baby - July 8, 1938
 Mrs. O'Leary's Cow - July 22, 1938
 Eliza Runs Again - July 29, 1938
 Chris Columbo - August 12, 1938
 String Bean Jack - August 26, 1938
 The Goose Flies High (Gandy Goose) - September 9, 1938
 The Wolf's Side of the Story - September 23, 1938
 The Glass Slipper - October 7, 1938
 The Newcomer - October 21, 1938
 The Stranger Rides Again - November 4, 1938
 Housewife Herman - November 18, 1938
 The Village Blacksmith - December 2, 1938
 Doomsday (Gandy Goose) - December 16, 1938
 The Frame-Up (Gandy Goose) - December 30, 1938

1939

 The Owl and the Pussycat (Sourpuss) - January 13, 1939
 One Gun Gary In Nick of Time - January 27, 1939
 The Three Bears - February 10, 1939
 Frozen Feet - February 24, 1939
 G-Man Jitters (Gandy Goose) - March 10, 1939
 The Nutty Network - March 24, 1939
 The Cuckoo Bird - April 7, 1939
 Their Last Bean - April 21, 1939
 Barnyard Egg - Citement - May 5, 1939
 Nick's Coffee Pot - May 19, 1939
 The Prize Guest - June 2, 1939
 A Bully Romance (Gandy Goose) - June 16, 1939
 Africa Squawks - June 30, 1939
 Barnyard Baseball (Gandy Goose) - July 14, 1939
 The Old Fire Horse - July 28, 1939
 Two-Headed Giant - August 11, 1939
 The Golden West - August 25, 1939
 Sheep In the Meadow - September 22, 1939
 Hook, Line and Sinker (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - September 28, 1939
 The Orphan Duck (Dinky Duck) - October 6, 1939
 The Watchdog - October 20, 1939
 One Mouse In A Million - November 3, 1939
 A Wicky, Wacky Romance - November 17, 1939
 The Hitch-Hiker (Gandy Goose) - December 1, 1939
 The Ice Pond - December 15, 1939
 The First Robin - December 29, 1939

1940s

1940

 A Dog In A Mansion - January 12, 1940
 Edgar Runs Again - January 26, 1940
 Harvest Time - February 9, 1940
 The Hare and the Hounds - February 23, 1940
 All's Well That Ends Well - March 8, 1940
 Much Ado About Nothing (Dinky Duck) - March 22, 1940
 It Must Be Love (Gandy Goose) - April 5, 1940
 Just A Little Bull - April 19, 1940
 Wots All the Shootin' Fer - May 3, 1940
 Swiss Ski Yodelers - May 17, 1940
 Catnip Capers - May 31, 1940
 Professor Offkeyski - June 14, 1940
 Rover's Rescue - June 28, 1940
 Rupert the Runt - July 12, 1940
 Love In A Cottage - July 28, 1940
 Billy Mouse's Akwakade - August 9, 1940
 Club Life In the Stone Age - August 23, 1940
 The Lucky Ducky (Dinky Duck) - September 6, 1940
 Touchdown Demons - September 20, 1940
 How Wet Was My Ocean (Sourpuss) - October 4, 1940
 Happy Hunting Grounds - October 18, 1940
 Landing of the Pilgrims - November 1, 1940
 The Magic Pencil (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - November 15, 1940
 Plane Goofy (Farmer Al Falfa) - November 29, 1940
 The Snow Man - December 13, 1940
 The Temperamental Lion - December 27, 1940

1941

 What A Little Sneeze Will Do - January 10, 1941
 Hairless Hector - January 24, 1941
 Mississippi Swing - February 7, 1941
 Fishing Made Easy (Sourpuss) - February 21, 1941
 The Home Guard (Gandy Goose) - March 7, 1941
 When Knights Were Bold - March 21, 1941
 The Baby Seal - April 10, 1941
 Uncle Joey - April 18, 1941
 A Dog's Dream - May 2, 1941
 The Magic Shell - May 16, 1941
 What Happens At Night - May 30, 1941
 Horsefly Opera - June 13, 1941
 Good Old Irish Tunes (Gandy Goose) - June 27, 1941
 Bringing Home the Bacon - July 11, 1941
 Twelve O'clock and All Ain't Well - July 25, 1941
 The Old Oaken Bucket - August 8, 1941
 The Ice Carnival - August 22, 1941
 The One-Man Navy (Gandy Goose) - September 5, 1941
 Uncle Joey Comes To Town - September 19, 1941
 Welcome Little Stranger (Dinky Duck) - October 3, 1941
 The Frozen North - October 17, 1941
 Slap Happy Hunters (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - October 31, 1941
 Back to the Soil - November 14, 1941
 The Bird Tower - November 28, 1941
 A Yarn About Yarn - December 12, 1941
 Flying Fever (Gandy Goose) - December 26, 1941

1942

 A Torrid Toreador (Sourpuss) - January 9, 1942
 Happy Circus Days - January 23, 1942
 Funny Bunny Business - February 6, 1942
 Cat Meets Mouse - February 20, 1942
 Eat Me Kitty, Eight to the Bar - March 6, 1942
 Sham Battle Shenanigans (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - March 20, 1942
 Oh, Gentle Spring - April 3, 1942
 Lights Out (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - April 17, 1942
 Tricky Business (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - May 1, 1942
 Neck and Neck - May 15, 1942
 The Stork's Mistake - May 29, 1942
 All About Dogs - June 12, 1942
 Wilful Willie - June 26, 1942
 The Outpost (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - July 10, 1942
 Tire Trouble (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - July 24, 1942
 Doing Their Bit (Nancy) - August 3, 1942
 All Out For 'V''' - August 7, 1942
 Life With Fido (Dinky Duck) - August 21, 1942
 The Big Build-Up (Puddy the Pup) - September 4, 1942
 School Daze (Nancy) - September 18, 1942
 Night Life In the Army (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - October 12, 1942
 The Mouse of Tomorrow (Super Mouse) - October 16, 1942
 He Dood It Again (Super Mouse) - October 20, 1942
 Ickle Meets Pickle - November 6, 1942
 Frankenstein's Cat (Super Mouse) - November 27, 1942
 Barnyard WAAC - December 11, 1942
 Somewhere In the Pacific - December 25, 1942

 1943

 Scrap For Victory (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - January 22, 1943
 Barnyard Blackout (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - March 5, 1943
 Shipyard Symphony - March 19, 1943
 Patriotic Pooches - April 9, 1943
 The Last Roundup (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - May 14, 1943
 Pandora's Box (Super Mouse) - June 11, 1943
 Mopping Up (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - June 25, 1943
 Keep 'em Growing - July 28, 1943
 Super Mouse Rides Again (Super Mouse) - June 8, 1943
 Camouflage - August 27, 1943
 Somewhere In Egypt (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - September 17, 1943
 Down With Cats (Super Mouse) - October 7, 1943
 Aladdin's Lamp (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - October 22, 1943
 Lion and the Mouse (Super Mouse/Heckle and Jeckle prototypes) - December 11, 1943
 Yokel Ducks Makes Good - November 26, 1943
 The Hopeful Donkey - December 17, 1943

 1944

 The Wreck of the Hesperus (Mighty Mouse) - January 5, 1944
 The Butcher of Seville - January 7, 1944
 The Helicopter - January 21, 1944
 A Day In June - March 3, 1944
 The Champion of Justice (Mighty Mouse) - March 17, 1944
 The Frog and the Princess (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - April 7, 1944
 Mighty Mouse Meets Jekyll and Hyde Cat (Mighty Mouse) - April 28, 1944
 Wolf! Wolf! (Mighty Mouse) - May 11, 1944
 My Boy Johnny - May 12, 1944
 The Green Line (Mighty Mouse) - May 28, 1944
 Eliza On the Ice (Mighty Mouse) - June 16, 1944
 Carmen's Veranda (Gandy Goose) - July 28, 1944
 The Cat Came Back (Farmer Al Falfa) - August 18, 1944
 The Two Barbers (Mighty Mouse) - September 1, 1944
 The Ghost Town (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - September 22, 1944
 The Sultan's Birthday (Mighty Mouse) - October 13, 1944
 A Wolf's Tale - October 27, 1944
 At the Circus (Mighty Mouse) - November 17, 1944
 Gandy's Dream Girl (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - December 8, 1944
 Dear Old Switzerland - December 22, 1944

^formerly Super Mouse

 1945

 Mighty Mouse and the Pirates (Mighty Mouse) - January 12, 1945
 The Port of Missing Mice (Mighty Mouse) - February 2, 1945
 Ants In Your Pantry - February 16, 1945
 Raiding the Raiders (Mighty Mouse) - March 9, 1945
 Post War Inventions (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - March 23, 1945
 Fisherman's Luck (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - March 23, 1945
 The Kilkenny Cats (Mighty Mouse) - April 13, 1945
 Mother Goose Nightmare (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - May 4, 1945
 Smoky Joe - May 25, 1945
 The Silver Streak (Mighty Mouse) - June 8, 1945
 Aesop's Fable.. The Mosquito (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - June 29, 1945
 Mighty Mouse and the Wolf (Mighty Mouse) - July 20, 1945
 Gypsy Life (Mighty Mouse) - August 3, 1945
 The Fox and the Duck - August 24, 1945
 Swooning the Swooners (Farmer Al Falfa) - September 11, 1945
 The Watchdog - September 28, 1945
 Who's Who In the Jungle (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - October 19, 1945
 Mighty Mouse Meets Bad Bill Bunion (Mighty Mouse) - November 9, 1945
 The Exterminator (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - November 23, 1945
 Krakatoa (Mighty Mouse) - December 4, 1945

 1946

 The Talking Magpies (Farmer Al Falfa/Heckle & Jeckle prototypes) - January 4, 1946
 Svengali's Cat (Mighty Mouse) - January 18, 1946
 Fortune Hunters (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - February 8, 1946
 The Wicked Wolf (Mighty Mouse) - March 8, 1946
 My Old Kentucky Home (Mighty Mouse) - March 29, 1946
 It's All In the Stars (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - April 12, 1946
 Throwing the Bull (Mighty Mouse) - May 3, 1946
 The Golden Hen (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - May 24, 1946
 Dinky Finds A Home (Dinky Duck) - June 7, 1946
 The Johnstown Flood (Mighty Mouse) - June 28, 1946
 Peace Time Football (Gandy Goose) - July 19, 1946
 The Trojan Horse (Mighty Mouse) - July 26, 1946
 The Tortoise Wins Again - August 9, 1946
 Winning the West (Mighty Mouse) - August 16, 1946
 The Electronic Mouse Trap (Mighty Mouse) - September 6, 1946
 The Jail Break (Mighty Mouse) - September 20, 1946
 The Snow Man - October 11, 1946
 The Housing Problem - October 25, 1946
 The Crackpot King (Mighty Mouse) - November 15, 1946
 The Uninvited Pests (Farmer Al Falfa/Heckle & Jeckle) - November 29, 1946
 The Hep Cat (Mighty Mouse) - December 6, 1946
 Beanstalk Jack - December 20, 1946

 1947

 Crying Wolf (Mighty Mouse) - January 10, 1947
 McDougal's Rest Farm (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 31, 1947
 The Dead End Cats (Mighty Mouse) - February 14, 1947
 Happy Go Lucky (Heckle & Jeckle) - February 28, 1947
 Mexican Baseball (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - March 14, 1947
 Aladdin's Lamp (Mighty Mouse) - March 28, 1947
 Cat Trouble (Heckle & Jeckle) - April 11, 1947
 The Sky Is Falling (Mighty Mouse) - April 25, 1947
 The Intruders (Heckle & Jeckle) - May 9, 1947
 Mighty Mouse Meets Deadeye Dick (Mighty Mouse) - May 30, 1947
 Flying South (Heckle & Jeckle) - August 15, 1947
 A Date For Dinner (Mighty Mouse) - August 29, 1947
 Fishing By the Sea (Heckle & Jeckle) - September 19, 1947
 The First Snow (Mighty Mouse) - October 10, 1947
 One Note Tony - October 22, 1947
 The Super Salesman (Heckle & Jeckle) - October 24, 1947
 A Fight to the Finish (Mighty Mouse) - November 14, 1947
 The Wolf's Pardon - December 5, 1947
 The Hitch Hikers (Heckle & Jeckle) - December 12, 1947
 Swiss Cheese Family Robinson (Mighty Mouse) - December 19, 1947
 Lazy Little Beaver (Mighty Mouse) - December 26, 1947

 1948

 Felix the Fox - January 1, 1948
 Taming the Cat (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1948
 Mighty Mouse and the Magician (Mighty Mouse) - March 1, 1948
 The Chipper Chipmunk - March 9, 1948
 Hounding the Hares (Farmer Al Falfa) - April 1, 1948
 The Feudin' Hillbillies (Mighty Mouse) - April 1, 1948
 Mystery In the Moonlight - May 1, 1948
 Seeing Ghosts - June 1, 1948
 A Sleepless Night (Heckle & Jeckle) - June 24, 1948
 The Witch's Cat (Mighty Mouse) - July 15, 1948
 Magpie Madness (Heckle & Jeckle) - July 1, 1948
 Love's Labor Won (Mighty Mouse) - September 1, 1948
 The Hard Boiled Egg (Dingbat) - October 1, 1948
 The Mysterious Stranger (Mighty Mouse) - October 1, 1948
 Triple Trouble (Mighty Mouse) - November 1, 1948
 Free Enterprise (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1948
 Out Again In Again (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1948
 The Magic Slipper (Mighty Mouse) - December 1, 1948
 Gooney Golfers (Heckle & Jeckle) - December 1, 1948

 1949

 The Wooden Indian - January 1, 1949
 The Power of Thought (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1949
 Racket Buster (Mighty Mouse) - February 1, 1949
 Dingbat Land (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss/Dingbat) - February 1, 1949
 The Lion Hunt (Heckle & Jeckle) - March 1, 1949
 The Stowaways (Heckle & Jeckle) - April 1, 1949
 A Cold Romance (Mighty Mouse) - April 1, 1949
 The Kitten Sitter - May 1, 1949
 Happy Landing (Heckle & Jeckle) - June 1, 1949
 The Catnip Gang (Mighty Mouse) - July 1, 1949
 Hula Hula Land (Heckle & Jeckle) - July 1, 1949
 The Lyin' Lion - August 1, 1949
 Mrs. Jones' Rest Farm - August 1, 1949
 The Covered Pushcart (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - September 1, 1949
 A Truckload of Trouble - October 1, 1949
 Perils of Pearl Pureheart (Mighty Mouse) - October 1, 1949
 Dancing Shoes (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1949
 Flying Cups and Saucers - November 1, 1949
 Paint Pot Symphony - December 1, 1949
 Stop, Look, and Listen (Mighty Mouse) - December 1, 1949

 1950s
 1950

 Comic Book Land (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - January 1, 1950
 The Fox Hunt (Heckle & Jeckle) - February 1, 1950
 Better Late Than Never (Victor The Volunteer) - March 1, 1950
 Anti-Cats (Mighty Mouse) - March 1, 1950
 Foiling the Fox (Dingbat) - April 1, 1950
 The Beauty Shop (Dinky Duck) - April 1, 1950
 A Merry Chase (Heckle & Jeckle) - May 1, 1950
 Dream Walking (Gandy Goose/Sourpuss) - May 1, 1950
 Law and Order (Mighty Mouse) - June 1, 1950
 All This and Rabbit Stew (Dingbat) - June 1, 1950
 The Red-Headed Monkey - July 1, 1950
 The Dog Show - August 1, 1950
 King Tut's Tomb (Heckle & Jeckle) - August 1, 1950
 Cat Happy (Roquefort & Percy) - September 1, 1950
 If Cats Could Sing - October 1, 1950
 Mouse and Garden (Roquefort & Percy) - October 1, 1950
 Beauty On the Beach (Mighty Mouse) - November 1, 1950
 Wide Open Spaces (Gandy Goose) - November 1, 1950
 Sour Grapes (Dingbat) - December 1, 1950
 Mother Goose's Birthday Party (Mighty Mouse) - December 1, 1950
 Woodman, Spare That Tree - December 1, 1950

 1951

 Rival Romeos (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1951
 Squirrel Crazy - January 1, 1951
 Three Is A Crowd (Roquefort & Percy) - February 1, 1951
 Stage Struck (Half Pint) - February 1, 1951
 Sunny Italy (Mighty Mouse) - March 1, 1951
 Songs of Erin (Gandy Goose) - March 1, 1951
 Spring Fever (Gandy Goose) - March 1, 1951
 Bulldozing the Bull (Heckle & Jeckle) - March 1, 1951
 Goons From the Moon (Mighty Mouse) - March 11, 1951
 Musical Madness (Roquefort & Percy) - May 1, 1951
 The Elephant Mouse (Half Pint) - May 1, 1951
 The Rainmakers (Heckle & Jeckle) - June 1, 1951
 Injun Trouble (Mighty Mouse) - June 1, 1951
 Seasick Sailors (Roquefort & Percy) - July 1, 1951
 Tall Timber Tale (Terry Bears) - July 1, 1951
 Golden Egg Goosie - August 1, 1951
 A Swiss Miss (Mighty Mouse) - August 1, 1951
 Steeple Jacks (Heckle & Jeckle) - September 1, 1951
 Little Problems (Terry Bears) - September 1, 1951
 Pastry Panic (Roquefort & Percy) - October 1, 1951
 The Helpful Genie (Roquefort & Percy) - October 1, 1951
 Sno Fun (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1951
 A Cat's Tale (Mighty Mouse) - November 1, 1951
 Beaver Trouble - December 1, 1951
 The Haunted Cat (Roquefort & Percy) - December 1, 1951

 1952

 Papa's Little Helpers (Terry Bears) - January 1, 1952
 Movie Madness (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1952
 Flat Foot Fledgling (Dinky Duck) - January 25, 1952
 Mechanical Bird - February 1, 1952
 Seaside Adventures - February 1, 1952
 City Slicker (Roquefort & Percy) - March 1, 1952
 Prehistoric Perils (Mighty Mouse) - March 1, 1952
 Papa's Day of Rest (Terry Bears) - March 1, 1952
 Time Gallops On - April 1, 1952
 Off to the Opera (Heckle & Jeckle) - May 1, 1952
 The Foolish Duckling (Dinky Duck) - May 1, 1952
 The Happy Cobblers - May 1, 1952
 Hypnotized (Roquefort & Percy) - June 1, 1952
 Hansel and Gretel (Mighty Mouse) - June 1, 1952
 Flipper Frolics - July 1, 1952
 Little Anglers (Terry Bears) - July 1, 1952
 House Busters (Heckle & Jeckle) - August 1, 1952
 Sink Or Swim (Dinky Duck) - August 28, 1952
 The Mysterious Cowboy - September 1, 1952
 Happy Valley - September 1, 1952
 Good Mousekeeping (Roquefort & Percy) - October 1, 1952
 Nice Doggy (Terry Bears) - October 1, 1952
 Happy Holland (Mighty Mouse) - November 1, 1952
 Moose On the Loose (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1952
 Flop Secret (Roquefort & Percy) - December 1, 1952
 Picnic With Papa (Terry Bears) - December 1, 1952

 1953

 A Soapy Opera (Mighty Mouse) - January 1, 1953
 Thrifty Cubs (Terry Bears) - January 1, 1953
 Pill Peddlers (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 6, 1953
 Hair Cut-Ups (Heckle & Jeckle) - February 1, 1953
 Wise Quacks (Dinky Duck) - February 1, 1953
 Mouse Meets Bird (Roquefort & Percy) - March 1, 1953
 Snappy Snap Shots (Terry Bears) - March 1, 1953
 Ten Pin Terrors (Heckle & Jeckle) - March 30, 1953
 The Orphan Egg (Dinky Duck) - April 1, 1953
 Hero For A Day (Mighty Mouse) - April 1, 1953
 Featherweight Champ (Dinky Duck) - May 1, 1953
 Playful Puss (Roquefort & Percy) - May 1, 1953
 Plumber's Helpers (Terry Bears) - May 1, 1953
 Hot Rods (Mighty Mouse) - June 1, 1953
 Sparky the Firefly - June 26, 1953
 Friday the 13th (Roquefort & Percy) - July 1, 1953
 When Mousehood Was In Flower (Mighty Mouse) - July 1, 1953
 Open House (Terry Bears) - August 1, 1953
 Bargain Daze (Heckle & Jeckle) - August 1, 1953
 Mouse Menace (Roquefort & Percy) - September 1, 1953
 The Reluctant Pup (Terry Bears) - October 1, 1953
 How to Keep Cool (Dimwit) - October 1, 1953
 The Timid Scarecrow (Dinky Duck) - November 1, 1953
 Log Rollers (Heckle & Jeckle) - November 1, 1953
 Growing Pains (Terry Bears) - December 1, 1953

 1954

 Spare the Rod (Mighty Mouse) - January 1, 1954
 Runaway Mouse (Roquefort & Percy) - January 1, 1954
 How to Relax (Dimwit) - February 1, 1954
 Blind Date (Heckle & Jeckle) - February 1, 1954
 Nonsense Newsreel - March 1, 1954
 The Helpless Hippo (Mighty Mouse) - March 1, 1954
 Pet Problems (Terry Bears) - April 1, 1954
 Prescription For Percy (Roquefort & Percy) - April 1, 1954
 Satisfied Customers (Heckle & Jeckle) - May 1, 1954
 The Tall Tale Teller (Phoney Baloney) - May 1, 1954
 Arctic Rivals (Willie the Walrus) - June 1, 1954
 A Howling Success (Terry Bears) - July 1, 1954
 Pride of the Yard (Percival Sleuthhound) - August 1, 1954
 The Cat's Revenge (Roquefort & Percy) - September 1, 1954
 The Reformed Wolf (Mighty Mouse) - October 1, 1954
 Blue Plate Symphony (Heckle & Jeckle) - October 1, 1954

 1955

 Barnyard Actor (Gandy Goose) - January 1, 1955
 A Yokohama Yankee - January 1, 1955
 Duck Fever (Terry Bears) - February 1, 1955
 The First Flying Fish - February 1, 1955
 No Sleep For Percy (Roquefort & Percy) - March 1, 1955
 An Igloo For Two (Willie the Walrus) - March 1, 1955
 Good Deed Daly (Good Deed Daly) - April 1, 1955
 Bird Symphony - April 1, 1955
 Phony News Flashes - May 1, 1955
 Foxed By A Fox - May 1, 1955
 The Last Mouse of Hamelin - June 1, 1955
 Little Red Hen - July 1, 1955

 1956

 The Clockmaker's Dog - January 1, 1956
 Park Avenue Pussycat - January 1, 1956
 Miami Maniacs (Heckle & Jeckle) - February 1, 1956
 Uranium Blues (Farmer Al Falfa) - March 1, 1956
 Hep Mother Hubbard - March 1, 1956
 Scouts to the Rescue (Good Deed Daly) - April 1, 1956
 Baffling Bunnies (Terry Bears) - April 1, 1956
 Oceans of Love - May 1, 1956
 Lucky Dog - June 1, 1956
 Police Dogged (Clancy the Bull) - July 1, 1956
 The Brave Little Brave - July 1, 1956
 Cloak and Stagger (Good Deed Daly) - August 1, 1956

 1957

 Pirate's Gold (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1957
 Topsy TV (John Doormat) - January 1, 1957
 Gag Buster - February 1, 1957
 A Hare-Breadth Finish - February 1, 1957
 African Jungle Hunt (Phoney Baloney) - March 1, 1957
 A Bum Steer - March 1, 1957
 The Bone Ranger - April 1, 1957
 Daddy's Little Darling (Dimwit) - April 1, 1957
 Love Is Blind - May 1, 1957
 Gaston Is Here (Gaston Le Crayon) - May 1, 1957
 Shove Thy Neighbor (John Doormat) - June 1, 1957
 Clint Clobber's Cat (Clint Clobber) - July 1, 1957
 Flebus - August 1, 1957

 1958

 Springtime For Clobber (Clint Clobber) - January 1, 1958
 It's A Living (Dinky Duck) - February 1, 1958
 Gaston's Baby (Gaston Le Crayon) - March 1, 1958
 The Juggler of Our Lady - April 1, 1958
 Gaston Go Home (Gaston Le Crayon) - May 1, 1958
 Dustcap Doormat (John Doormat) - June 1, 1958
 Camp Clobber (Clint Clobber) - July 1, 1958
 Sick, Sick Sidney (Sidney) - August 1, 1958
 Old Mother Clobber (Clint Clobber) - September 1, 1958
 Gaston's Easel Life (Gaston Le Crayon) - October 1, 1958
 Signed, Sealed, and Clobbered (Clint Clobber) - November 1, 1958
 Sidney's Family Tree (Sidney) - December 1, 1958

 1959

 Clobber's Ballet Ache (Clint Clobber) - January 1, 1959
 The Tale of A Dog - February 1, 1959
 Another Day, Another Doormat (John Doormat) - March 1, 1959
 The Flamboyant Arms (Clint Clobber) - April 1, 1959
 Foofle's Train Ride (Foofle) - May 1, 1959
 Gaston's Mama Lisa (Gaston Le Crayon) - June 1, 1959
 The Minute and A ½ Man (Hector Heathcote) - July 18, 1959
 The Fabulous Firework Family - August 1, 1959
 Wild Life (Heckle & Jeckle) - September 1, 1959
 Hashimoto-San (Hashimoto) - October 1, 1959
 Outer Space Visitor (Mighty Mouse) - November 1, 1959
 The Leaky Faucet (Dimwit) - December 1, 1959

 1960s
 1960

 Thousand Smile Check-Up (Heckle & Jeckle) - January 1, 1960
 Hide and Go Sidney (Sidney) - January 1, 1960
 The Space Varmint (Deputy Dawg) - January 1, 1960 (Some sources state that it was released 1962)
 The Misunderstood Giant - February 1, 1960
 Foofle's Picnic (Foofle) - March 1, 1960
 The Tiger King - March 1, 1960
 The Famous Ride (Hector Heathcote) - April 1, 1960
 Tusk, Tusk (Sidney) - May 1, 1960
 Mint Men (Heckle & Jeckle) - May 1, 1960
 Hearts and Glowers - June 1, 1960
 The Wayward Hat (Foofle) - July 1, 1960
 Trapeze, Pleeze (Heckle & Jeckle) - July 1, 1960
 The Littlest Bully (Sidney) - August 1, 1960
 Two Ton Baby Sitter (Sidney) - September 1, 1960
 Tin Pan Alley Cat - October 1, 1960
 Deep Sea Doodle (Heckle & Jeckle) - October 1, 1960
 House of Hashimoto (Hashimoto) - November 1, 1960
 Stunt Men (Heckle & Jeckle) - December 1, 1960
 Daniel Boone, Jr. (Hector Heathcote) - December 1, 1960

 1961

 The Mysterious Package (Mighty Mouse) -  January 1, 1961
 Night Life In Tokyo (Hashimoto) - February 2, 1961
 Cat Alarm (Mighty Mouse) -  February 7, 1961
 So Sorry Pussycat (Hashimoto) - March 6, 1961
 Strange Companion (Hashimoto) - April 1, 1961
 Son of Hashimoto (Hashimoto) - April 3, 1961
 Drum Roll (Hector Heathcote) - April 4, 1961
 The First Fast Mail (Hector Heathcote) - May 3, 1961
 Railroaded to Fame (Hector Heathcote) - May 6, 1961
 Unsung Hero (Hector Heathcote) - May 30, 1961
 Honorable Cat Story (Hashimoto) - June 1, 1961
 Crossing the Delaware (Hector Heathcote) - June 3, 1961
 Banana Binge (Sidney) - June 1, 1961
 Meat, Drink and Be Merry (Sidney) - August 1, 1961
 Really Big Act (Sidney) - September 1, 1961
 Clown Jewels (Sidney) - October 1, 1961
 Tree Spree (Sidney) - November 1, 1961
 Sappy New Year (Heckle & Jeckle) - December 1, 1961
 Honorable House Cat (Hashimoto) - December 1, 1961

 1962

 Klondike Strikes Out (Hector Heathcote) - January 1, 1962
 Where there's Smoke (Deputy Dawg) - February 1, 1962
 The Covered Push Cart (Gandy Goose, Sourpuss)- 1962
 He-Man Seaman (Hector Heathcote) - March 1, 1962
 Honorable Family Problem (Hashimoto) - March 1, 1962
 Loyal Royalty (Hashimoto) - April 1, 1962
 Nobody's Ghost (Deputy Dawg) - April 1, 1962
 Peanut Battle (Sidney) - April 1, 1962
 Riverboat Mission (Hector Heathcote) - May 1, 1962
 Rebel Trouble (Deputy Dawg) - May 1, 1962
 Send Your Elephant to Camp (Sidney) - July 1, 1962
 Big Chief No Treaty (Deputy Dawg) - August 1, 1962
 Shotgun Shambles (Deputy Dawg) - August 1, 1962
 Honorable Paint In the Neck (Hashimoto) - September 1, 1962
 The Fleet's Out (Sidney) - October 1, 1962
 First Flight Up (Hector Heathcote) - October 1, 1962
 Home Life (Sidney) - November 1, 1962
 A Flight to the Finish (Hector Heathcote) - December 1, 1962

 1963

 Tea House Mouse (Hashimoto) - January 1, 1963
 To Be Or Not to Be (Sidney) - February 1, 1963
 Astronut (Deputy Dawg) - March 1, 1963
 The Missing Genie (Luno the White Stallion) - April 1, 1963
 The Hungry Astronut (Deputy Dawg) - April 27, 1963
 Tea Party (Hector Heathcote) - May 1, 1963
 Pearl Crazy (Hashimoto) - June 1, 1963
 Sidney's White Elephant (Sidney) - June 1, 1963
 Cherry Blossom Festival (Hashimoto) - July 1, 1963
 A Bell For Philadelphia (Hector Heathcote) - July 1, 1963
 Trouble In Baghdad (Luno) - August 1, 1963
 Driven to Extraction (Sidney) - August 1, 1963
 The Big Clean-Up (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Search for a Symbol (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Hats Off to Hector! (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 The First Telephone (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Messy Messenger (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Foxed by a Fox (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 High Flyer (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Hold the Fort! (Hector Heathcote) - September 1, 1963
 Valley Forge Hero (Hector Heathcote) - October 1, 1963
 Expert Explorer (Hector Heathcote) - October 1, 1963
 Spooky-Yaki (Hashimoto) - October 1, 1963
 Split-Level Treehouse (Sidney) - November 1, 1963

 1964

 Roc-A-Bye Sinbad (Luno) - January 1, 1964
 The Red Tractor (Duckwood) - February 1, 1964
 Brother From Outer Space (Astronut) -  March 1, 1964
 King Rounder (Luno) - April 1, 1964
 Short-Term Sheriff (Duckwood) - May 1, 1964
 Kisser Plant (Astronut) -  June 1, 1964
 Adventure By the Sea (Luno) - July 1, 1964
 Oil Thru the Day (Duckwood) - August 1, 1964
 Outer Galaxy Gazette (Astronut) -  September 1, 1964
 The Gold Dust Bandit (Luno) - October 1, 1964
 Search For Misery - November 1, 1964
 Molecular Mixup (Astronut) - December 1, 1964

 1965

 Gadmouse the Apprentice Good Fairy (Sad Cat) - January 1, 1965
 The Sky's the Limit (Astronut) -  February 1, 1965
 Freight Fright (Possible Possum) - March 1, 1965
 Don't Spill the Beans (Sad Cat) - April 1, 1965
 Weather Magic (Astronut) - May 1, 1965
 Darn Barn (Possible Possum) - June 1, 1965
 Dress Reversal (Sad Cat) - July 1, 1965
 Robots In Toyland (Astronut) - August 1, 1965
 Git That Guitar (Possible Possum) - September 1, 1965
 The Third Musketeer (Sad Cat) - October 1, 1965
 Twinkle Twinkle Little Telestar (Astronut) - November 1, 1965
 The Toothless Beaver (Possible Possum) - December 1, 1965

 1966

 Gems From Gemini (Astronut) - January 1, 1966
 Dr. Ha-Ha (James Hound) - February 1, 1966
 Messed Up Movie Makers (Heckle & Jeckle) - March 1, 1966
 Champion Chump (Martian Moochers) - April 1, 1966
 Haunted House Cleaning (Astronut) - May 1, 1966
 Scuba Duba Do (Sad Cat) - June 1, 1966
 The Monster Master (James Hound) - July 1, 1966
 Cowardly Watchdog (Martian Moochers) - August 1, 1966
 The Rain Drain (James Hound) - September 1, 1966
 Watch the Butterfly (Possible Possum) - October 1, 1966
 Dreamnapping (James Hound) - November 1, 1966
 The Phantom Skyscraper (James Hound) - December 1, 1966

 1967

 A Voodoo Spell (James Hound) - January 1, 1967
 Mr. Winlucky (James Hound) - February 1, 1967
 It's For the Birds (James Hound) - March 1, 1967
 The Heat's Off (James Hound) - April 1, 1967
 Traffic Trouble (James Hound) - May 1, 1967
 Bugged By a Bug (James Hound) - June 1, 1967
 Fancy Plants (James Hound) - July 1, 1967
 Give Me Liberty (James Hound) - August 1, 1967
 Which Is Witch (James Hound) - September 1, 1967
 Dr. Rhinestone's Theory (James Hound) - October 1, 1967
 Frozen Sparklers (James Hound) - November 1, 1967
 Baron Von Go-Go (James Hound) - December 1, 1967

 1968

 Dribble Drabble (Sad Cat) - January 1, 1968
 Big Game Fishing (Sad Cat) - February 1, 1968
 Grand Prix Winner (Sad Cat) - March 1, 1968
 Big Bad Bobcat (Possible Possum) - April 1, 1968
 Commander Great Guy (Sad Cat) - May 1, 1968
 All Teed Off (Sad Cat) - June 1, 1968
 Surprisin' Exercisin (Possible Possum) - July 1, 1968
 Judo Kudos (Sad Cat) - August 1, 1968
 The Abominable Mountaineers (Sad Cat) - September 1, 1968
 The Rock Hound (Possible Possum) - October 1, 1968
 Loops and Swoops (Sad Cat) - November 1, 1968
 Mount Piney (Possible Possum) - December 1, 1968

 1969

 The Ruby Eye of the Monkey God - January 1, 1969
 The General's Little Helper (Possible Possum) - February 1, 1969
 Space Pet (Astronut) - March 1, 1969
 The Stretcher (Mighty Heroes) - April 1, 1969
 The Red Swamp Pox (Possible Possum) - May 1, 1969
 The Bold Eagle (Possible Possum) - May 1, 1969
 Scientific Sideshow (Astronut) - June 1, 1969
 Balloon Snatcher (Astronut) - September 1, 1969
 The Frog (Mighty Heroes) - October 1, 1969 (originally produced for television in 1966)
 Swamp Snapper (Possible Possum) - November 1, 1969
 The Toy Man (Mighty Heroes) - December 1, 1969 (originally produced for television in 1966)

 1970s
 1970

 Lost and Foundation (Hector Heathcote) - June 1, 1970
 Land Grab (Hector Heathcote) - February 1, 1970
 Going Ape (Astronut) - January 1, 1970
 Belabour Thy Neighbor (Hector Heathcote) - October 1, 1970
 Surface Surf Aces (Possible Possum) - March 1, 1970
 The Ghost Monster (Mighty Heroes) - April 1, 1970 (originally produced for television in 1967)
 Martian Moochers (Astronut/Martian Moochers) - March 1, 1970
 Swamp Water Taffy (Possible Possum) - July 1, 1970
 The Proton Pulsator (Astronut) - September 1, 1970
 Slinky Minky (Possible Possum) - November 1, 1970
 The Shocker (Mighty Heroes) - December 1, 1970 (originally produced for television in 1966)

 1971

 Train Terrain (Hector Heathcote) - February 1, 1971
 Oscar's Birthday Present (Astronut) - January 1, 1971
 Berry Funny (Possible Possum) - March 1, 1971
 The Enlarger (Mighty Heroes) - April 1, 1971 (originally produced for television in 1966)
 Oscar's Thinking Cap (Astronut) - May 1, 1971
 Big Mo (Possible Possum) - July 1, 1971
 The Dusters (Mighty Heroes) - August 1, 1971 (originally produced for television in 1967)
 No Space Like Home (Astronut) - October 1, 1971
 Ice Cream For Help (Hector Heathcote) - October 1, 1971
 Kooky Cucumbers (Possible Possum) - November 1, 1971
 The Big Freeze'' (Mighty Heroes) - December 1, 1971 (originally produced for television in 1967)

American animated short films
American children's animated comedy films
Lists of American animated films
Lists of Paramount Pictures films
Paramount Pictures short films
20th Century Fox short films
20th Century Studios short films
Paramount Pictures animated films
20th Century Fox animated films
20th Century Studios animated films
CBS Television Network
Paramount Pictures
20th Century Studios


title: Emma Leth

text:
Emma Leth, became Emma Rosenzweig (born 26 July 1990) is a Danish actress and model.

Life
Leth is the grand daughter of the Danish journalist and poet, Jørgen Leth, and sister of .

She has appeared in several Danish movies and TV-series since she was a child, such as Supervoksen (aka Triple Dare) (2006), Tempelriddernes Skat III (2008), Rejseholdet (2001) and more recently Sandheden om mænd (2010). Besides Emma's movie- and TV-series career, she also works as a model and has among others worked with Balenciaga for several years. She has also worked with brands such as GANNI, ZARA and Sophie Bille Brahe.

Private life
Leth is married to Danish artist Tal R, whom she met in 2015 and married in 2018. They had a son, Abel, in 2016 and they live in Copenhagen.

Filmography

Cinema

 Supervoksen (2006)
 skat III Tempelriddernes skat III (2008)
 Sandheden om mænd (2010)

Television
 Rejseholdet (2001)
  (2009)

Short film

 14 Fucking 14 (2005)
 Et andet sted (2006)
 (kortfilm) Alliancen (2008)
 Tick Boom Tick Tick Boom (2009)
 historie om en pigetrio En historie om en pigetrio (2009)

References

External links

Emma Leth on www.unique.dk

1990 births
Living people
Danish child actresses
21st-century Danish actresses


title: Oakland Airport Connector

text:
The Oakland Airport Connector is an automated guideway transit (AGT) system operated by Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) between BART's Coliseum station and Oakland International Airport station. The line is colored on BART maps as the Beige Line. The system is integrated into BART's fare system. The line opened for revenue service on November 22, 2014, replacing the AirBART shuttle bus service that  had operated since July 1, 1977. Currently operating between two terminal stations, the system includes provisions for an intermediate third station (Doolittle station) that may be built at a later date.

In , the line had a ridership of , or about  per weekday as of .

Operations

The Oakland Airport Connector AGT system is operated by BART and is integrated into BART's existing fare system. However, it does not utilize existing BART rolling stock and it is not physically connected with existing BART tracks. Instead it has its own fleet of AGT vehicles that operate on fixed guideways and are cable-drawn. The guideways and Cable Liner vehicles were built by Doppelmayr Cable Car. The line is designed to have an approximate headway of 4.5 minutes (though it is currently operated with a headway of 6 minutes) and to complete a one-way trip in approximately 8 minutes, with an on-time performance of more than 99.5%. The initial setup is four 3-car trains (113 passengers each train), but the system can accommodate an expansion to four 4-car trains (148 passengers each train).The system has four cable loops and one train per cable. The system uses a pinched-loop configuration, with two lines that merge into a single track just before each terminus. Cars switch cables during dwell time at the station. The trains automatically switch cables four times: once at each end, and halfway between the two stops at the wheelhouse, near the intersection of Hegenberger Road and Airport Access Road. The wheelhouse has four  drive wheels that move the cables.

The  AGT route between Oakland Coliseum Station and the airport is mostly elevated, largely in the median of Hegenberger Road, with one underground section as it passes under Doolittle Drive, and one at-grade section just west of that point, before the AGT enters airport property on an elevated guideway. A maintenance and storage facility is located near the midpoint of the system. A two-person team monitors operation of the system from a central control room in the Doolittle Maintenance and Storage Facility.

The Airport station's fare gates are located at Coliseum station, between the line's dedicated platform and the elevated walkway above San Leandro Street linking it to the original platform. Both stations for the line feature platform screen doors – a first for the system.

The line is paralleled by AC Transit Route 73, which is less frequent during peak hours but less expensive. Routes 73 and 805 provide overnight service during hours that the Oakland Airport Connector – and the rest of the BART system – are closed.

Fares
On June 12, 2014, BART's board of directors voted to set the base fare for travel on the BART to Oakland International Airport AGT system at US$6. The board left open the possibility that temporary promotional fares could be introduced in the future. In addition, seniors, people with disabilities, and children age 12 and under will be eligible for BART's 62.5% discount. , the line operated with a farebox recovery ratio of 96%. This lower-than-expected revenue, in part due to competition from ridesharing companies, resulted in a net operating cost of US$860,000 between 2014 and 2016.

History

AirBART

On July 1, 1977, BART began a shuttle bus service called AirBART that ran to the airport terminals from street level at Coliseum station (thereafter named Coliseum/Oakland Airport). The shuttle ride took ten minutes and cost 50 cents. AirBART was a joint project of BART and the Port of Oakland, which owns and operates the airport.

As with other BART-branded connecting buses, AirBART was run by private operators under contract. It was operated by Veolia Transport (Shuttleport) from 2001 to 2012, then by Ampco until 2014. The diesel bus fleet was replaced by compressed natural gas buses around 2008.

At the time of replacement, AirBART ran from 5:00am (8:00am on Sundays) to midnight – approximately matching BART operating hours – with nominal headways of ten minutes at most times. Travel time was estimated as 15 minutes. However, travel times and frequency were inconsistent due to traffic congestion from commuters and Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum events. Passengers were required to pay the $3 fare with exact change or a $3 BART ticket from dedicated fare machines. Because of a dispute between BART and the Port of Oakland about who would pay to modify fare equipment, Clipper Card readers were never installed on the buses.

Ridership was about 2,800 per day in 2008, but dropped to 1,900 daily riders by 2014. AirBART service was discontinued on November 22, 2014, when the Oakland Airport Connector opened, though buses were kept on standby for one week in case the new line experienced failures. The buses were then transferred to airport parking shuttle buses to replace diesel buses.

Funding

The US$484 million for funding the project came from local government funds (US$275 million, or 57%), state funds (US$79 million, 16%), federal funds (US$25 million, 5%), and BART deficit spending (US$106 million, 22%).

In late 2009, just prior to the award of the contract to construct the system, the project lost US$70 million of funding because the US Federal Transit Administration (FTA) found that BART was out of conformance with Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The FTA cited that BART did not complete the necessary analysis to determine if the future change in service would disproportionately impact low-income or minority communities. The FTA forced the Metropolitan Transportation Commission to reallocate the funding.

By September 2010, all necessary federal and state funding for the Oakland Airport Connector had been re-established, and a groundbreaking ceremony was held on October 20, 2010, featuring key administrators: BART Director Carole Ward Allen, Congresswoman Barbara Lee, State Assemblyman Sandré Swanson, Oakland Mayor Ron Dellums and Oakland City Councilman Larry Reid.

References

External links

 BART – Airport Connections Guide
 BART – Schedules By Line

2014 establishments in California
Airport people mover systems in the United States
Cable Liner people movers
Cable railways in the United States
Oakland International Airport
Railway lines opened in 2014
Rail transportation in Oakland, California
Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area
Airport rail links in the United States


title: Three Great Shrines of Benzaiten

text:
The Three Great Shrines of Benzaiten (日本三大弁天) are a group of Japanese shrines dedicated to the worship of the goddess Benzaiten. During the Meiji Era separation of Shinto and Buddhism the veneration of the Buddhist water-goddess Benzaiten was replaced by the veneration of the Munakata sanjojin (宗像三女神), three Shinto goddesses of the sea. The official veneration of Benzaiten was moved to separate Buddhist temples. They are enumerated as follows:

 Daigan-ji Temple / Itsukushima Shrine, Hiroshima Prefecture
 Enoshima Shrine, Kanagawa Prefecture
 Hōgon-ji Temple / Tsukubusuma Shrine, Shiga Prefecture

References
「弁才天」 『世界大百科事典 第２版』　Heibonsha, 2006.

Japanese culture-related lists
Shinto shrines in Hiroshima Prefecture
Shinto shrines in Shiga Prefecture
Shinto shrines in Kanagawa Prefecture


title: Quraish Shihab

text:
Muhammad Quraish Shihab (; ; 16 February 1944) is an Indonesian Arab-Bugis Muslim scholar in the sciences of the Qur'an, an author, an Academic Scholar, and former Minister of Religious Affairs in the Fourth Development Cabinet (1998). He is the older brother of the former Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare, Alwi Shihab.

Biography
Quraish was born in Lotassalo, Rappang, on 16 February 1944. His father was Abdurrahman Shihab, an Islamic scholar and professor at State Institute of Islamic Sciences and his mother was Asma Aburisyi. Quraish is the fourth son of twelve siblings. His three older siblings, Nur, Ali (d) and Umar, and two younger siblings, Wardah and Alwi Shihab, were also born in Rappang. Seven other siblings namely Nina, Sida, Nizar, Abdul Muthalib, Salwa and twin sister Ulfa and Latifah, were born in the village of Buton.

Quraish Shihab, called Bang Odes by his younger siblings, is an Arab Indonesian of Ba 'Alawi sada family, where his family lineage traces back to Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. In addition to Arab, he is also of Bugis descent.

Personal life

Quraish married Fatmawaty Assegaf on 2 February 1975 in Surakarta. From the marriage, they have four daughters (Najelaa, Najwa, Nasywa, Nahla) and one son, Ahmad.

Education
After completing his early education in Ujung Pandang, Quraish continued his secondary education in Malang, which he did while at the Dar al-Hadith Al-Faqihiyyah boarding school under guidance of Habib Abdul Qadir Bilfaqih.

In 1958 he went to Cairo, Egypt, and Admitted to 2nd grade in Al-Thanawiya (middle school level) at Al-Azhar. In 1967, he earned an LC (Bachelor's degree) from the Department of Tafsir and Hadith, the faculty of Islamic Theology in Al-Azhar University. He continued his education at the same faculty in 1969 and earned master's degree in Tafseer of the Qur'an with the thesis entitled Al-I'jaz Tashri'i li Al-Qur-an Al-Karim.

Upon returning to Makassar, Quraish served as the Vice Rector for Academic and Student Affairs at IAIN Alauddin, Ujung Pandang. In addition, he was also entrusted with other positions, both for academic positions such as the Coordinator of Private Higher Education Region VII in Eastern Indonesia, and non-academic positions such as the Assistant Police Chief of Eastern Indonesia in the field of mental development. While in Makassar, he also had time to do some researches. Some of his papers were "Implementation Harmony Religious Life in Eastern Indonesia" (1975) and "Problems Endowments South Sulawesi" (1978).

In 1980, Quraish Shihab returned to Cairo and continued his education at his old alma mater. In 1982 he earned his doctorate in the sciences of the Qur'an with the dissertation studying the method of al-Biqa'i (al-Biqa'i is a scholar of exegesis from Damascus in the 15th century) entitled The Research and Study of The Pearls System of al-Biqa'i ( ), where he graduated summa cum laude with first class honors ().

Career
In 1984 Quraish was assigned as a lecturer in the Ushuluddin faculty and postgraduate faculty at IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. He was entrusted to positions at various departments: among others; the co-chairman of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) (since 1984); member of Lajnah Pentashih Qur'an at the Department of Religious Affairs (since 1989) and member of the Advisory Board of National Education (since 1989).

Quraish Shihab is also heavily involved in several professional organizations; he is a member of the Shari'ah Science Society; member of the Consortium of the Religions at the Ministry of Education and Culture, and is the Assistant Chief of the General Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI).

Quraish was appointed as Indonesian Minister of Religious Affairs in 1998 for about two months, and later appointed as The Indonesian Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to Egypt and accredited to Djibouti in Cairo from 1999 to 2002.

Publications
Quraish has written since he was twenty two years old, with his first book was 60-pages book written in Arabic titled Al- Khawathir published in Egypt. He has written more than 30 books.  Among them are:
 Tafsir Al-Manar: privileges and disadvantages (Ujung Pandang: IAIN Alauddin, 1984)
 Filsafat Hukum Islam (The Philosophy of Islamic Laws) (Jakarta: Department of Religion, 1987);
 Mahkota Tuntunan Ilahi (The Crown of Divine Guidance; a book on The Exegesis of Surah Al-Fatihah) (Jakarta: Untagma, 1988)
 Membumikan al-Qur'an (Earthing the Quran) (Bandung: Mizan, 1992). This book is one of the Best Seller that has sold for more than 75 thousand copies.
 Lentera Hati: Kisah dan Hikmah Kehidupan (Lantern of Heart: The Story and Lessons of Life) in 1994 (with multiple reprinted editions)
 Tafsir Al-Mishbah, a 15-volumes complete (30 juz) exegesis of the Qur'an (Jakarta: Lentera Hati)
 Wawasan Al-Qur'an: Tafsir Tematik Atas Pelbagai Persoalan Ummat (The insights of Koran: The thematic interpretation of various questions)
 Kaidah Tafsir (The Principles of Exegesis) (Lentera Hati, 2013), a book about methodologies and principles of Qur'anic interpretation.
 M. Quraish Shihab Menjawab pertanyaan Anak tentang Islam (Quraish Shihab Answering Children's questions about Islam) (Lentera Hati, 2014)

In addition to writing, he gives lectures in Islam-related programs at some television stations. Some popular programs, among other Kultum and Hikmah Fajar on RCTI, and Tafsir Al Mishbah in MetroTV.

Recognitions and awards
Quraish has been mentioned as one of 500 the most influential Muslims in the world in 2012 to 2015 by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, a research entity affiliated with the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought headquartered in Amman, Jordan. In 2009, he received the Islamic Book Fair (IBF) Award for his works in writing best-seller books. He received Lifetime Achievement Award in the same year from the Department of Islamic Theology of the Islamic State University of Jakarta on 12 November 2009.

Controversies
Quraish Shihab issues some fatwas which are considered controversial or too liberal by many Muslims in Indonesia. In 1993 and again on December 6 of 2003, he issued a fatwa allowing Muslims to say Merry Christmas to the Christians and published on the Republika daily-newspaper.

Around the year 2006, he wrote a book titled "Jilbab Pakaian Wanita Muslimah" expressing his long held but controversial view that it is not obligatory for women to wear the hijab (veil), which clashed with opinions of many Islamic scholars. In the book he concludes that the verses in the Quran related to women's clothing have various interpretations, and said the legal provisions on the tolerable limit of female's aurah is zhanniy or a conjecture.

In the program Tafsir Al-Misbah on Metro-TV broadcast on 12 July 2014, Quraish Shihab was accused of saying that Prophet Muhammad does not receive a guarantee from Allah to enter paradise. However, he made a clarification saying that he never said that, and he stated a sahih hadith stating that Prophet Muhammad was given a guarantee to go to heaven because of Allah's mercy.

References

1944 births
Hashemite people
Bugis people
Indonesian people of Egyptian descent
Indonesian people of Saudi Arabian descent
Indonesian people of Yemeni descent
Indonesian Muslims
Living people
People from Sidenreng Rappang Regency
Sunni Sufis
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Indonesian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam