title: Federico Schianchi

text:
Federico Schianchi (Modena, October 6, 1858 - Rome, December 28, 1918) was an Italian painter, specializing in vedute in oil and water colors of Rome and Italian countryside.

Biography
He trained initially at the Modenese Institute of Fine Arts starting in 1878. There he was mentored by Antonio Simonazzi, who taught design, and the painter Ferdinando Manzini, who taught ornamentation. He moved to Rome in 1887.

References

1858 births
1918 deaths
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
Painters from Modena
Italian vedutisti
19th-century Italian male artists
20th-century Italian male artists


title: Jubilee USA Network

text:
Jubilee USA Network is a nonprofit financial reform organization based in Washington D.C. Jubilee USA's work began in conjunction with the global Jubilee 2000 movement, founded in the late 1990s to advocate for debt relief for developing countries. It is "an alliance of more than 75 U.S. organizations, 650 faith communities and 50 Jubilee global partners."

Origin and mission
The name "Jubilee" is derived from the Biblical Jubilee in Leviticus, a system of debt cancellation, land restoration and liberation from bondage embedded in a 7-year cycle. Jubilee USA is located in Washington D.C. and is a coalition of approximately 75 national religious and development organizations and about 400 communities of faith across the country. It describes its mission as "building an economy that serves, protects and promotes the participation of the most vulnerable".

Advocacy
Jubilee USA primarily advocates for financial reforms that argues to help impoverished communities. Those reforms include rules governing "responsible lending and borrowing", halting corporate tax avoidance, particularly in the developing world, reforming international financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), creating an international bankruptcy system and advancing trade policies that promote the common good.

Leadership
Jubilee USA is governed by a steering committee ("Network Council") that consists of roughly 75 national organizations and a board of directors. Many of the organizations are religious, including American Jewish World Service, Church World Service, a number of Catholic orders and the national Lutheran, Presbyterian, Methodist, Unitarian, Episcopal and United Church of Christ churches. Other notable groups on the council include the AFL–CIO and ActionAid.

Core issues

1. Responsible lending and borrowing
One of Jubilee USA's stated main goals is to promote principles of Responsible Lending and Borrowing. These principles would purportedly guide lending decisions made by governments and international financial institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. Jubilee USA's Executive Director, Eric LeCompte, was part of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) working group that created a document called Principles on Promoting Sovereign Lending and Borrowing. The UNCTAD principles guide lending and borrowing decisions. For lending countries, the principles include ensuring that borrowing countries have the capacity to pay back the loan and adhering to UN sanctions. For borrowers, the principles include ensuring that information about the nature of the debt negotiations are available to all stakeholders, including citizens, as well as ensuring that governments avoid over-borrowing.

In 2008, Jubilee USA introduced legislation aimed at increasing debt cancellation for developing countries and instituting lending and borrowing guidelines. The Jubilee Act for Responsible Lending and Expanded Debt Cancellation passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 285–132 but was not adopted by the Senate. According to the Library of Congress summary, the legislation would have directed the US government to work within the IMF, Paris Club, World Bank and other institutions to expand previous debt cancellation programs for developing countries. It would have also directed the Treasury Secretary to "commence immediate efforts to establish a framework for responsible lending". The bill was sponsored by Congresswoman Maxine Waters (D-CA) and cosponsored by 104 House members.

2. Corporate tax avoidance
The organization aims to stop corporate tax avoidance and to promote financial transparency and accountability. It argues that poor countries are forced to borrow money (and thus increase debt burdens) because of a lack of domestic revenue, and that corporate tax avoidance is a large factor in that lack of revenue. Jubilee USA is a co-founder of the FACT Coalition, which includes groups such as Global Financial Integrity, US Public Interest Research Group and Global Witness.

3. International financial institution reform
The organization attempts to reform international financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank. It ran a multi-year campaign to move the IMF to give several billion dollars worth of windfall gold sales profits to poor countries. It advocates for transparency in decision-making and policy processes; its work in the Caribbean on IMF debt restructuring has received coverage in the National Catholic Reporter and Inter Press Service.

4. International bankruptcy system
The organization's final goal is the formation of an international bankruptcy system for countries. This system would involve a neutral arbiter that would decide the merits of debt claims and process bankruptcy proceeding when countries no longer can service their debts. This issue has received increased coverage in light of the recent Argentina/NML Capital case. Jubilee USA has argued that such a bankruptcy system would prevent this type of litigation by forcing all creditors to negotiate under an existing set of rules and receive equivalent treatment.

5. Vulture funds
Jubilee USA is an outspoken critic of the actions of "vulture funds". Vulture funds are entities that buy up the debt of sovereign countries on the secondary market (often for much less than the value of the original debt) and then sue for full repayment. Jubilee USA filed an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in March 2014 in a debt dispute between Argentina and a group of hedge funds.

The case, Argentina vs. NML Capital, stemmed from Argentina's 2001 debt default. After the default, Argentina offered its creditors approximately 30 cents on the dollar to restructure, with about 92% of the creditors accepting the deal. Those not accepting the deal included hedge funds led by NML Capital, a subsidiary of Elliot Management. Elliot is run by Paul Singer, who has past involvement with sovereign debt litigation, particularly in Peru. NML sued Argentina for full re-payment and was awarded approximately $1.5 billion by U.S. Second District Court Judge Thomas P. Griesa. That ruling was upheld by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. On May 21, Jubilee USA's Executive Director Eric LeCompte met with Argentinean Pope Francis and Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin to discuss the ramifications of the court case on the poor, with all parties "critical of the global financial system". In June 2014, the Supreme Court declined to hear Argentina's appeal.

Jubilee USA has been actively involved in the media discussion of the case in the aftermath of the court's decision. Notable examples include The Washington Post, Time, NPR, Democracy Now, The Wall Street Journal, Inter Press Service, and Bloomberg. The organization also commented on the precedent set by the court decision for other countries facing debt litigation, such as Grenada and the DR Congo.

See also
Jubilee (Biblical)
Jubilee 2000

References

Political advocacy groups in the United States
Poverty-related organizations
Third World debt cancellation activism


title: Hugh J. Smith

text:
Hugh J.  Smith (1844–1908) was a Los Angeles, California, businessman who was a member of the City Council there in 1894–96.

Smith was born in Ireland, and in 1866 he emigrated to the United States with six of his brothers, and all became farmers in Logan County, Illinois. He moved to Ventura County, California, in 1876 and farmed there for four years on the noted Dixie Thompson ranch for ten years. He then moved to Los Angeles, where he became a "large property owner." He was married in November 1897 at the age of 51 to Bridget Eliza Mitchell, 42, of Vermont.

Smith was appointed in April 1894 to the Los Angeles City Council to represent the 8th Ward upon the resignation of John Tracy Gaffey. He was succeeded by Thomas Savage in December 1894.

He was a member of the Knights of Columbus and treasurer of the Los Angeles chapter of the Ancient Order of Hibernians.

In December 1896 he was a saloonkeeper at Fifth and Los Angeles Streets.

He died on December 29, 1908, in his home at 1102 San Julian Street, "after a long and painful illness." He left his wife, Bridget, and a son, Denis E. Smith.

References

Los Angeles City Council members
1804 births
1908 deaths
Businesspeople from Los Angeles


title: Sincennes Township

text:
Sincennes Township (French: Canton Sincennes) is located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Normand, in Mekinac Regional County Municipality, in Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This uninhabited township was incorporated on December 18, 1965 by the Government of Quebec. Sincennes Township has forestry and tourism including hunting, fishing, water sports, ATVs, snowmobiles. Historically, logging was the economic engine of the region.

Geography
The township covers 32,375 hectares. This area is located between the city of La Tuque and village of Parent.

Lakes Sincennes and Mondonac are the major lakes in the township. The highest peak of the township tops at 563 m. The township is part of watershed sub-basin of the Manouane River (La Tuque) which flows eastward in Upper-Mauricie. The latter river is connected to the drainage system Saint-Maurice River. Secondary roads provide access to various extensive water in the Township.

Toponymy
The designation of Township honors Jacques-Félix Sincennes (1818-1876), a businessman whose ancestors are of Acadian origin. He was born in Deschambault, located southwest of Quebec City. He was Conservative MP for Richelieu in the Union (1858-1861). This businessman is best known as co-founder of a shipping and towing company Sincennes MacNaughton-Line and director of the company Richelieu. In 1875, he created, with a competitor, the navigation company Richelieu and the Ontario, which will become the Canada Steamship Lines in 1913. Acadians named Sincennes or Saincennes, are originated in particular Saint-Seine-Abbey, Burgundian village where a holy man named Seine founded a monastery in the 6th century, near the sources of La Seine, the famous French River.

The name "Sincennes Township" was recorded on December 5, 1968 in the register of Quebec place names of the Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Québec).

See also

 Manouane River (La Tuque)
 Saint-Maurice River
 Mondonac River
 Châteauvert Lake (La Tuque)
 Manouane Lake (La Tuque)
 Sincennes Lake
 Mondonac Lake
 La Tuque (urban agglomeration)
 Zec Frémont
 Mauricie
 Lanaudière
 Mékinac Regional County Municipality
 Quebec Townships
 Jacques-Félix Sincennes, a businessman and MLA

References

External links

 City of La Tuque:
 Haute-Mauricie Tourism:
 Official Website régioanale County Municipality (RCM) Mekinac

Geography of Mauricie
Mékinac Regional County Municipality
Geography of La Tuque, Quebec


title: Ron Torgalski

text:
Ronald J. Torgalski is an American former college baseball and college basketball coach. He was most recently the head baseball coach for the University at Buffalo. During his nine seasons as coach of the Bulls, he has compiled an overall record of 182–296.

High school
For much of Torgalski's childhood, his father, Bob, was a coach and athletic director at Saint Francis High School in Athol Springs, New York. Between several different sports and schools, Bob's high school coaching career lasted for over 50 years. Torgalski played baseball, basketball and football at Nichols School in Buffalo. As a baseball player, he was variously named to the All-Catholic team, the All Niagara Frontier League team and Honorable Mention All-WNY. In his single season as a sophomore football player, he was named Honorable Mention All-Catholic.

In 1985, Torgalski and teammate Christian Laettner led Nichols to a New York state basketball title in Class C. Torgalski was named Most Valuable Player of the state tournament and Class C All-State. Torgalski graduated as the leading scorer in Nichols history (with 1,783 points) and was later inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame. In 1985 he was named to the All-WNY team by The Buffalo News alongside Clifford Robinson.

College
Torgalski went on to play both baseball and basketball in NCAA Division III at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York. He majored in psychology and was a member of Delta Upsilon. As a basketball player, Torgalski scored more than 1,000 points and finished his career with the third-most assists of any Division III player in history at that point. He also helped Hamilton to championships in the ECAC Men's Basketball Tournaments in 1986 and 1987. In 1989, he averaged 10.6 assists per game and was named to the All-ECAC first team.

After college, Torgalski played professional basketball in Sweden for two seasons with the Monstreas Club, averaging 22 points and 9 assists per game.

Coaching career

Basketball
In 1991, Torgalski returned to Hamilton College as an assistant basketball coach. He served on the coaching staff for four seasons and helped Hamilton to a number one national ranking in the final polls in the 1990–91 season and a championship in the 1992 ECAC Men's Basketball Tournament. After the 1993–94 season, Torgalski left Hamilton to join Tim Cohane's staff as an assistant at the Division I level with the University at Buffalo. Torgalski remained on the staff for six seasons.

Baseball
In 2000, Buffalo resurrected its baseball program in Division I with Bill Breene as head coach. That year, Torgalski left the basketball program and joined the staff as an assistant baseball coach. In 2003, while an assistant coach, he received a Master of Science degree in education from Canisius College. After six years as an assistant coach, Torgalski was named the head coach in 2006. In 2013, he was named the Mid-American Conference Coach of the Year. Torgalski was the head coach of the baseball team until 2017 when the university chose to discontinue the program. Although Buffalo's was the lowest-funded baseball program in its conference at the time of its shuttering, Torgalski and his staff had several players selected in the Major League Baseball draft during his tenure as head coach.

Personal life
Torgalski's brother, Randie, similarly coached two sports at the NCAA level. He served simultaneously as the head softball and men's basketball coach at Elmira College. Another brother, Rick, played baseball at Duke for four years and served as team captain.

Head coaching record

References

Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Sweden
American people of Polish descent
Baseball players from Buffalo, New York
Basketball players from Buffalo, New York
Buffalo Bulls baseball coaches
Buffalo Bulls men's basketball coaches
Canisius University alumni
Hamilton Continentals baseball coaches
Hamilton Continentals baseball players
Hamilton Continentals men's basketball players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Baseball coaches from New York (state)


title: Braeval distillery

text:
Braeval distillery is a distiller of Scotch whisky in Chapeltown, Banffshire, Scotland. Founded in 1973 as Braes of Glenlivet, the distillery is owned by Chivas Brothers. The name was changed to avoid confusion with an unrelated single malt.

History
Braeval distillery was built by Chivas Brothers in 1973 to supply malt for blends such as Chivas Regal. It was built on a mountain ridge at Chapeltown in the heart of Speyside, Braeval is the highest distillery in Scotland at 350m in altitude.

In 2001, Pernod Ricard bought Chivas Brothers from Seagram.

The distillery was closed in October of 2002 but reopened in July of 2008.

In 2017, the first Braeval single malt was released.

References

1973 establishments in Scotland
Companies based in Aberdeenshire
Scottish malt whisky
Distilleries in Scotland
Glenlivet


title: Antonio Pio (painter)

text:
Antonio Pio (Cesena, 1809 – London, 1871) was an Italian painter, depicting history, literary themes, and genre pieces.

Biography
He studied in Rome at the Accademia di San Luca under Tommaso Minardi, worked in Cesena during the 1840s, after which he moved around for many years, between the cities of Florence, Paris and London, where he died in 1871. Pio was also a  portrait painter, and painted a “Pastorello” now in the Pinacoteca Comunale di Cesena. He painted an Apotheosis of Dante for the Sipario of the Municipal theater of Cesena.

References

1809 births
1871 deaths
People from Cesena
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian male artists


title: West Somers Methodist Episcopal Church and Cemetery

text:
The former West Somers Methodist Episcopal Church, also known as Tomahawk Chapel, is located on Tomahawk Street (part of New York State Route 118) in the town of Somers, New York, United States. It is a small wooden building in the Greek Revival architectural style built in the 1830s. Also on its lot is the cemetery where many of the early members were buried. In 2011 the church, cemetery and the stone wall that surrounds them were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

At the time of the church's construction, West Somers was a thriving agricultural community. Burials had begun in the cemetery almost a decade earlier; most of the area's congregants attended the established Mount Zion Methodist Church some distance away. One of West Somers's more prominent residents built the church so his neighbors would not always have to travel so far; it was so small that circus pioneer Hachaliah Bailey, also a Somers resident, likened it to a tiger's cage.

Throughout the rest of the 19th century the church was a cornerstone of the West Somers community, with itinerant ministers leading services in the absence of a pastor (according to the United Methodist Church, successor to the Methodist Episcopal Church, the church was never a recognized congregation within the larger denomination). Its Sunday school classes were for a long time the only educational opportunity available to area children. Members continued to be buried in the cemetery; more than half lived to be over 70, an unusually high number for that region and era.

Attendance and involvement declined in the early 20th century as West Somers felt the effects of suburbanization and the taking of large tracts of local land to create the reservoirs of the New York City water supply system. By the 1950s the church building had suffered such severe decline and neglect that its porch columns had to be replaced. Further restoration and renovation, including moving the church from its original site in the early 21st century, preceded the building's listing on the National Register.

Buildings and grounds

The former church building and cemetery occupy a  lot on the west side of Tomahawk, midway between the hamlets of Granite Springs at Amawalk Reservoir a half-mile to the south and Baldwin Place at the Westchester–Putnam county line to the north. To its north and south are houses on large lots; across the road and slightly to the south is a bar surrounded by a parking lot. On the west is the  town-owned Koegel Park, through which the North County Trailway passes. The headwaters of the Muscoot River are beyond.

Like the park, the surrounding area is predominantly wooded, with some areas such as backyards and the immediate vicinity of the church cleared; this becomes more extensive to the church lot's north. The terrain is gently hilly, with the church's lot a small rise between the road and the  hill at the center of the park. To the east the land slopes more steeply to the hamlet of Shenorock and the headwaters of a short unnamed tributary of the Muscoot that, along with nearby Lake Shenorock, drains into the reservoir.

Church

The church building itself is a  wood frame clapboard-sided structure on an exposed concrete block foundation faced in stone. It is topped by a shingled front-gabled roof. On each facade are two 12-over-8 double-hung sash windows, not symmetrically placed.

On the church's east (front) facade is a 6-by-15-foot () shed-roofed porch. Several piles of loose stones help support the wooden deck. In turn, two smooth round wooden Doric columns support the shingled roof. Below the roofline's overhanging eave is a wide plain frieze.

A single wood-paneled door leads into the church's interior, with a wood floor and coved ceiling. Between them are plaster walls wainscoted with horizontal tongue and groove boards topped by molding at the windowsill level. In the walls are the original metal hardware for placing lanterns.

The original 14 straight high-backed wooden pews remain, angled towards the entrance and facing the pulpit, on a raised curved platform against the west wall, fronted by a communion rail. There is an opening for a stove (no longer extant) in the middle of the pews. In the center of the platform is a wooden lectern.

Cemetery

To the west of the church building is the cemetery, really two plots that have grown together over the years. The most conspicuous is that of the Miller family, descended from church builder Thomas Tompkins Miller, located a short distance south of the church. It has a tall obelisk to Miller himself in the middle of a small area delineated by a tasseled iron railing on stone posts. The other plot is located due west of the church. It has some smaller monuments and family plots marked off by iron railings less elaborate than the Millers'.

In total there are 76 markers commemorating 95 burials. The earliest is a 10-month-old girl who died in 1831; the most recent burial took place in 1977. Many are members of the same families in groups; among them are eight veterans of wars from the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Civil War, Spanish–American War and World War I. More than half were recorded to have been 70 or over at the time of their deaths, an unusually high longevity rate for the era and the region.

The markers themselves exhibit the evolution of funerary art during the 19th century. Many are marble or granite; they feature common tombstone motifs of the period such as willows and urns. Earlier markers use script lettering while later ones are in block. They also show the evolution in dating that took place over that time: on the older markers the deceased's date of death and exact age in years, months and days is given, while later ones simply give the span of life in birth and death years as has been common practice since.

History

The church was built during the early settlement of northern Westchester County, a time when rapidly spreading Methodism was the predominant denomination among those who came to the area. It was most active in the decades after it was built, but suffered greatly after the Civil War. In the 20th and 21st centuries its history has primarily been one of preservation efforts.

1800–1830: Settlement

Starting during the Revolution, settlers in search of good farmland began working their way up the Muscoot River from its confluence with the Croton River. Those who reached today's West Somers and cleared the lowlands around the river were rewarded with some of the most fertile soil along it. Good roads and the rivers of the time made it easy to ship their produce to the markets of New York City to the south.

By the early years of the 19th century the area had been totally settled. Industry joined the farmers along the banks of the river, using its hydraulic power for various kinds of milling. Somers then was one of Westchester County's economic centers, more populous than the county seat at White Plains. West Somers, where some of the earliest inhabitants had settled, had a general store and blacksmith's shop serving the farms and mills.

A post office was established in 1830. By then West Somers was a regular stop on livestock drives along the Peekskill–Danbury Turnpike, the predecessor road to today's U.S. Route 202 across the county. Thriving though it was, the community still lacked a house of worship.

At that time Methodism was the prevalent Protestant denomination in the area. The Mount Zion Methodist Church (also listed on the National Register), closer to the center of Somers today, was only the third Methodist church in the state when it was established and built in 1794. Many of the West Somers settlers went there for worship.

1837–1863: Construction

In 1830 a schism in American Methodism over the issue of church governance led to the establishment of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Protestant Church. The latter eschewed bishops and allowed local congregations greater say in their own affairs. It had more appeal to Americans of the era, and in 1837 a group called the Methodist Protestant Society of West Somers bought a half-acre () parcel on the present site for $100 ($ in modern dollars) Thomas Tompkins Miller, a builder who was one of the society's trustees, a town justice of the peace and a descendant of one of the older families in West Somers, built the church himself.

There had already been some church activity in the area. A ten-month-old girl's 1831 burial is the oldest in the cemetery plots. Attendance books from that era kept by the Somers Historical Society suggest that Sunday school, an important part of Methodist ministry, had been held in West Somers starting as early as that year. For many local children it would be their only educational opportunity, as all other schools that existed at the time were too far away.

Aesthetically the church reflects the exhortation of early Methodist bishop Francis Asbury, who frequently preached at Mount Zion, that the denomination's houses of worship should be "plain and decent, but no more expensive than absolutely unavoidable." Like the similarly austere Mount Zion, West Somers is an extremely restrained application of a contemporary neoclassical architectural style. At the time of its construction, it did not have the porch it presently does, although its roof was pierced by a single brick chimney that is no longer extant.

The small size of the church attracted some notice at the time. Due to its small size, and lack of a pastor, the church would later be locally known as the Tomahawk Chapel after the street it was on. Hachaliah Bailey, the Somers resident who pioneered the American circus by exhibiting an elephant at what is now known as the Elephant Hotel, observed that "Tom Miller is building a church no bigger than a tiger's cage."

There is no record that the church was ever assigned a pastor. Services were held by the many itinerant ministers in the area. Greater matters were handled through the more established churches in the area, such as the Yorktown-Croton Lake church in Pines Bridge.

In 1844, a further schism, this one over slavery, divided the Methodist Episcopal Church. The abolitionist Northern branch began to implement some of the same reforms in church governance that had caused the split with the Methodist Protestants 16 years earlier, and relations between the two began to thaw. In 1863, during the Civil War, West Somers changed its denomination to affiliate with the Northern Methodist Episcopal Church. The same year, it purchased the one-acre (4,000 m) lot next to the church with the intention of building a new church on it.

1864–1910: Decline of congregation

After the war ended, the church went into decline. Older members died and were buried in the cemetery; younger ones left the area. They were not so easily replaced. Somers' early economic advantages had been offset when the railroads, which had begun extending themselves into Westchester during the 1840s, grew out having bypassed the town, and newcomers to the region settled where the tracks were. The planned new church was never built.

Shortly after the war the original West Somers Methodist Protestant Society, no longer sustainable due to its diminished numbers, turned the church property over to the Methodist Episcopal Society of the Cortlandt Circuit. They had the property surveyed for conversion into a cemetery in 1874, but never followed through with that project, and in 1877 gave it up. The Mount Zion Circuit took over.

In the last decades of the 19th century further changes in northern Westchester negatively affected the West Somers church. The railroads began to spur suburbanization, as city residents who originally spent their summers and weekends in the area began to realize that they could live there full-time and commute to their jobs in the city via train. The growing city, in need of water, began acquiring large tracts of land, sometimes including whole communities, in the area through eminent domain, reducing the total amount of land available for development and thus driving up the value of what remained. This induced many of the area's farmers, the population from which West Somers had grown, to sell their farms for subdivision and development.

Despite these developments, sometime around 1910 the porch was added to the church building. It did not have any effect on the building's use, as services already held sporadically at that time appear to have ceased completely afterwards, except for burials of descendants of members who wished to be buried with their families. Nevertheless, a 1930 photo shows the church still in relatively good condition and the surrounding property maintained.

1910–present: Preservation and restoration

By 1953, however, the property had become neglected and fallen into serious disrepair. Some of the local families got together and restored it, raising money through a Grange fair. They were able to repaint the interior and exterior and replace the roof. In the process of the latter work they removed the chimney completely; a pile of bricks was found in the nearby woods during a later renovation. A neighboring couple cleaned up the landscaping and gravestones. Six years after this restoration, Thomas Miller's granddaughter Ruth was married to Ernest Pinckney, another descendant of an old West Somers family, in the church. It was the last ceremony held in the building; the last burial in the graveyard took place in 1977.

Local interest in the church did not wane. The following year an architect appraised the building and found its older elements had seriously deteriorated. A local Eagle Scout did an inventory of the graves and markers for his project. The Somers Historical Society replaced the roof again; another Eagle Scout redid the interior walls as his project. These efforts culminated in 1984 with research into the church's history and ownership. As a result, the United Methodist Church formally transferred the church to the town two years later; its remaining records and some of its other artifacts were removed to the custody of the historical society, which has had responsibility for the site ever since.

Concern for the building did not end there and then. In 1989 another local architect who evaluated the church's condition recommended moving it off its foundation, as the existing one had seriously deteriorated, threatening the building's structural integrity. Two years later the building was moved to its current site,  to the south of its original location. Its new foundation was made of concrete blocks faced in stone to maintain the building's historic appearance. Another Eagle Scout repainted the exterior walls again in 1995. Two years afterward, when Ruth Miller Pinckney died, her estate left a bequest for the maintenance of the family plot.

The following year, the porch columns were replaced. In 1999, a local couple who had just moved to Somers began exploring the town's historic sites. They found the West Somers church and cemetery heavily overgrown and "took pity on it." They once again cleared the overgrowth and did some work on the building, repainting the exterior walls and restoring its porch in 2006. Their research led to its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York

Notes

References

External links

Former churches in New York (state)
Former Methodist church buildings in the United States
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Westchester County, New York
Greek Revival church buildings in New York (state)
19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Churches completed in 1837
Somers, New York


title: Wadagam State

text:
The Vadagam State (; ) was a 5th Class princely state belonging to the Mahi Kantha Agency of the Bombay Presidency during the era of the British Raj. It had its capital in Vadgam taluk, Banaskantha district of present-day Gujarat State. Wadagam State's last ruler signed the accession to join the Indian Union in 1948.

History
Wadagam state was founded by Kumar Shri Keshavdasji Rajsinhji of Ranasan, a scion of the family of Ranasan and the former Raos of Chandravati.

Rulers
The rulers of Wadagam State bore the title 'Thakur'.

.... – ....               Keshavdasji Rajsinhji
.... – ....
.... – ....               Umedsinhji
.... – ....               Gulabsimhji Umedsinhji
.... – ....
.... – ....               Rajsinhi
.... – ....
9 Feb 1848 – ....         Kesrisinhji Pahadji                (b. 1821 – d. ....)
12 Feb 1920 – ....        Gopalsinhji Kesrisinhji
14 Jan 1929 – 1947        Vakhatsimhji                       (b. 1918)

See also
List of Rajput dynasties and states
Mahi Kantha Agency

References

Banaskantha district
Princely states of Gujarat
1948 disestablishments in India
Rajputs


title: Piʻilani

text:
Piʻilani ("ascent to heaven") (born ca. 1460) ruled as Mōʻī of the island of Maui in the later part of the 15th century. At the time Maui was an independent kingdom within the islands of Hawaii.

He was the first Aliʻi to unite the island under a single line. His rule was peaceful for most of his reign. His father was Kawaokaohele and his mother was Kepalaoa. Pilʻilani and his offspring are important in legends of Maui, in the same way that Līloa and his son ʻUmi-a-Liloa in the legends of the island of Hawaii. The two family lines of Piʻilani and Liloa were closely associated although from separate islands. ʻUmi was a supporter of Kiha-a-Piilani, Piʻilani's son, when he went to war. The lineage continued in west Hawaii and east Maui in lesser lines and in the lines of Moana Kane from Liloa and Piʻilaniwahine from Piʻilani in the couple's marriage and offspring.

Piʻilani's is a descendant of Puna-i-mua. His father and grandfathers came from western Maui. Under Piʻilani for the first time this family controlled the eastern side as well. Piʻilani began building a roadway to encircle the entire island, the first such road in the islands. It was wide enough for eight men to walk beside each other. It was completed by his son. Some sections of Piʻilani Highway follow the old path. In places, the old stones are still visible. After Piʻilani's death the line of succession became a struggle similar to that of ʻUmi and Hakua of Hawaii.

Family tree

References

Hawaiian monarchs


title: Ampel

text:
Ampel is a town and an urban sub-district (kelurahan) in the Semampir District of Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia.  The town is known for its historic Ampel Mosque, and more than 98% of its population are Muslim, with many of them being Arab Indonesians originating from Hadhramaut.

References

External links
 Kecamatan Semampir

Gallery

Populated places in East Java
Sub-districts of Semampir
Surabaya


title: Edjudina

text:
Edjudina Station is a pastoral lease within the Edjudina Land District of Western Australia, that operates as a sheep station. The station is approximately  to the south of Laverton and  north east of Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields-Esperance region. The leasehold shares a boundary with Yundamindera Station.

Edjudina Consolidated Gold Mines Ltd commenced operations in 1937, but closed down shortly after due to declining market conditions for gold.

The traditional owners of the area are the Wongatha and Maduwongga peoples.

The lease was established in 1892 by Watt Newland. It was one of the first pastoral leases in the goldfields; the property was stocked with sheep. Newland sold Edjudina in 1921, at which time it occupied an area of . It was acquired by the Wilkie brothers at a "highly satisfactory price". The Wilkies later sold to James Withnell for £21,000. The property was then acquired by the famed sheep breeder, Edward Hawker, in 1925. Hawker paid £49,000, a record price in the east Murchison. The property was stocked with 7,000 sheep and 1,200 cattle at the time.

By 1934 the station was stocked with about 25,000 sheep and was still owned by E. W. Hawker and sons. In 1948 the station was stocked with 12,500 sheep.

The owner in 1952 was J. Maund; the property had an area of about  and was stocked with a flock of about 16,000 sheep.

In 2012 the property received  of rain in 24 hours, its highest rainfall in 11 years, when the remnants of Cyclone Lua passed over the area.

See also
List of ranches and stations
List of pastoral leases in Western Australia

References

Homesteads in Western Australia
Stations in Goldfields-Esperance


title: List of Nippon Professional Baseball no-hitters

text:
In baseball, throwing a no-hitter is a pitching accomplishment in which one or more pitchers does not yield a hit in the course of one game. A no-hitter is rare in NPB, occurring 66 times since Fumio Fujimura's first cycle during the single league era in 1948. In terms of frequency, the cycle is roughly as common as a no-hitter (101 occurrences in NPB history based on the more recognised international definition, which is not to be confused with the NPB definition, counting combined no-hitters and those where runs were scored by the losing team, which may occur with players advancing on base without hits).

Unlike in Major League Baseball (MLB), combined no-hitters are not considered as official no-hitters by Nippon Professional Baseball.

Nippon Professional Baseball no-hitters

No-hitters with complete game shutout win

Combined no-hitters

No-hitters when the opposing team scores

See also

List of Major League Baseball no-hitters

References
General

Inline citations

Nippon Professional Baseball lists


title: Korean radish

text:
Mu or Korean radish is a variety of white radish with a firm crunchy texture.

Although mu () is also a generic term for radishes in Korean, the word is usually used in its narrow sense, referring to the white radish, or more specifically Korean radish (, Joseon-mu). Korean radishes are generally short, stout, and sturdy, and have a pale green shade halfway down from the top. They also have a strong flavour, dense flesh and soft leaves. The greens of Korean radishes are called mucheong () and are used as a vegetable in various dishes.

Description
Korean radishes, like other radishes, are an annual or biennial crop grown for the taproots. The rotund cylindrical roots weigh about , being approximately  long with their diameter around . The flesh of Korean radishes harvested timely is crisp, peppery and sweet.

The upper part of the roots are subterranean stems, from which the long ovate leaves grow. The pinnate leaves with enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes are arranged in a rosette. The white to light purple flowers are borne on a racemose inflorescence from April to May. Petals are twice as long as the calyx lobes, which are around . There is a pistillum and tetradynamous stamen. The fruits are small pods around , with hard shells and reddish-brown seeds.

Cultivation
Cultivation of radishes in Korea started in the Three Kingdoms era, and the crop was considered one of the most important in the Goryeo era. In 2015, radish is the most widely cultivated crop in South Korea, with a cultivation area of  and an annual yield of 4.5 million tons. Korean radishes take about 3 months to grow. If properly cellar-stored in the unfrozen ground, the radishes harvested in autumn can be preserved until the spring.

Culinary use
Every part of the plant is used, from the taproot to the greens. It is an essential ingredient in soups, stews, and also for making a base broth for various dishes.

Ingredients
 mucheong – radish greens, dried to make siraegi or used fresh in cooking
 mu-mallaengi – dried radish, prepared by julienning radishes and sun-drying them
 musun – radish sprout, grown from radish seeds
 siraegi – dried radish greens or dried leaves of napa cabbages
 ssammu – paper thin radish pickled in vinegar, salt, and sugar. It is one of the ssam vegetables commonly used to wrap samgyeopsal or galbi

Dishes
 dongchimi – a type of water kimchi, made by pouring boiled and then cooled water to sliced and salted radishes, pickled chili, and the ingredients that are put in a cheesecloth bag: apples, pears, garlics, gingers, chili seeds, scallions, and mustard greens. The ingredients in the cheesecloth bag are taken out after 20–30 days.
 kkakdugi – a type of kimchi, made by marinating cubed and salted radishes with pureed mixture of red chili, scallions, pear, and onion, fish sauce, chili powder, plum syrup, and salt. Chopped scallions are usually sprinkled on top.
 mubap – a type of bap (staple), made of rice and sliced radishes. It is usually served with seasoned soy sauce.
 muguk – a type of guk (soup), made with slices of beef and radish, stir-fried in sesame oil, then cooked with water and soup soy sauce, and seasoned with salt and a dash of black pepper.
 mu-jangajji – a type of jangajji (pickle), made by pan-frying mu-mallaengi (julienned and dried radish) soaked in soy sauce.
 mu-mallaengi-muchim – a type of namul (seasoned vegetable dish), made by mixing soaked mu-mallaengi with pureed mixture of onions and red chili peppers, then adding soy sauce, soup soy sauce, minced garlic and ginger, chili powder, plum syrup, sugar, and toasted sesame seeds.
 mu-namul – a type of namul (seasoned vegetable dish), made by stir-frying julienned and lightly salted radish in sesame oil, then adding chopped scallions, minced garlic, and toasted sesame seeds.
 mu-saengchae – a type of namul, made by seasoning julienned radishes with chili powder, fish sauce, salt, plum syrup, minced garlic, chopped scallions, and toasted sesame seeds.
 mu-sirutteok – a type of tteok (rice cake), more specifically a variety of siru-tteok (steamed rice cake), made by made mixing rice flour with julienned radishes, putting steamed and pounded red beans on top, and steaming them in a siru (earthenware steamer).
 mussam – a type of roll or wrap, made by wrapping shredded vegetables in ssammu (pickled radish paper).
 nabak-kimchi – a type of water kimchi, made by pouring cooled chili powder-water to radishes and napa cabbages which are both cut into thin square slices and salted, and adding sliced scallions, thinly sliced garlic and ginger, and deseeded and thinly julienned red chili peppers. Chili powder-water can be made by putting chili powder in a cheesecloth bag, and massaging the bag in a water seasoned with salt and sugar. Nabakk-imchi is usually served with chopped waterdropwort and toasted pine nuts.

See also

References

Asian radishes
Korean vegetables
Leaf vegetables
Root vegetables


title: John W. Hair

text:
John William Hair (1880 – March 18, 1941) was a Scottish-born politician in Saskatchewan, who served as mayor of Saskatoon from 1930 to 1931.

Biography
Hair was born in Dunlop, Ayrshire and was educated in Glasgow. Before coming to North America in 1907, he worked in South Africa and South America. Later that year, his fiancée joined him and they were married in Winnipeg; they had two daughters. Hair worked for Saskatoon businessman John Clarence Drinkle as manager of Saskatoon's first automatic telephone system, and later as manager of the Great West Furniture Company. In 1914, with a partner, he bought the company and expanded it into a chain of furniture stores. He was also involved in real estate speculation.

Hair was a member of Saskatoon city council in 1926, from 1928 to 1929, and from 1932 to 1933 as an alderman. He also served on the board of governors for the University of Saskatchewan. He had succeeded George Wesley Norman as the mayor of the city in 1930. He served as mayor till 1931 and was succeeded by Joseph Edwin Underwood.

While attending a conference on unemployment in Winnipeg in summer 1930, Mayor Hair confidently declared that the situation in Saskatoon was "under control"; this evaluation was subsequently proven to be "terribly wrong". During the Great Depression the global economy was severely affected; out of $750,000 paid as unemployment relief bills in the province of Saskatchewan, $300,000 was paid by the Saskatoon municipal administration.

Hair died at the age of 61 on March 18, 1941, and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery. John Hair Crescent in Saskatoon's Avalon community is named in his honour; it one of a small number of streets in the city to have the honoree's given and surname in its name.

References

External links

1880 births
1941 deaths
Mayors of Saskatoon
Scottish emigrants to Canada
People from Dunlop, East Ayrshire


title: TW Classic

text:
TW Classic (also stylised T/W Classic) is a Belgian music festival. It is a one-day event organized annually, usually prior to the Rock Werchter festival.

History
TW Classic originated from the Rock Werchter festival ('TW', as in Torhout-Werchter, is the traditional abbreviation of the festival). That festival has become one of the leading festivals in the world and now runs over four days. The organization wanted to give something back to first-time visitors and decided to organize a festival according to the old concept of one summer day in the weekend and one stage. Mainly experienced and successful artists perform, supported by local Belgian and Dutch groups.

The festival takes place in the same location as the Rock Werchter festival, this is the festival area in Werchter. The date is usually sometime in late June or early July, although this may change depending on the availability of the main act.

List of lineups

2002
Bryan Adams, Joe Cocker, Zucchero, Clouseau, Sita

2003
The Rolling Stones, Simple Minds, Clouseau, Therapy?, De Mens

2004
Phil Collins, The Corrs, Alicia Keys, Jasper Steverlinck, Mike and the Mechanics + Paul Carrack, BLØF

2005
Lenny Kravitz, Duran Duran, Arno, Novastar, Brian Wilson, Gabriel Ríos

2006
Bryan Adams, Sting, Simply Red, Simple Minds, Roxy Music, Arsenal

2007
Elton John, John Fogerty, Anouk, P!nk, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, Tom Helsen

2008
The Police, Iggy Pop & The Stooges, The Scabs, Juanes, Milow

2009
Depeche Mode, Basement Jaxx, Moby, Keane, Duffy, Tom Helsen, Motor

2010
The Black Eyed Peas, Mika, Scissor Sisters, Simple Minds, Daan, Amy Macdonald, Arid, The Opposites

2011
Bryan Adams, Texas, Simple Minds, James Blunt, Faces feat. Mick Hucknall, Gabriel Ríos, Selah Sue

2012
Lenny Kravitz, Sting, De Kreuners, Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Macdonald, 't Hof van Commerce, The Scabs

2013
Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Keane, Santana, Ben Harper & Charlie Musselwhite, Blondie, Balthazar

2014
The Rolling Stones, Simple Minds, Triggerfinger, Arno, Seasick Steve, Admiral Freebee

2015
Robbie Williams, Faithless, Anouk, Texas, Anastacia, The Scabs

2016
Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band, Lana Del Rey, Lionel Richie, Simply Red, The Van Jets, CC Smugglers

2017
Guns N' Roses, The Pretenders, Wolfmother, Channel Zero, Fleddy Melculy

2018
Editors, The National, Kraftwerk 3-D, dEUS,  Nataniel Rateliff and the Night Sweats, Richard Ashcroft, BLØF

2019
Bon Jovi, John Fogerty, Anouk, Skunk Anansie, John Butler Trio, Switchfoot, Jimmy Barnes

2020
No edition due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Planned line up: Paul McCartney, The Killers, Crowded House, Kaiser Chiefs, Sinéad O'Connor, Sons

2021
No edition due to COVID-19 pandemic.

2022
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Placebo, The Smile, The Specials, Florence and the Machine, The Kid Laroi, Sleaford Mods, Courtney Barnett, Sleaford Mods, Whispering Sons, Noordkaap

2023
Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band, Simply Red, Jack Johnson, Triggerfinger

External links
Officiële site TW Classic

References

Rock festivals in Belgium
Music festivals established in 2002
Summer events in Belgium


title: Luck (Tom Vek album)

text:
Luck is the third studio album by artist Tom Vek, released on 9 June 2014. The first single "Sherman (Animals in the Jungle)" was released on 11 April 2014.

Track listing

Critical reception

Luck received generally favourable reviews from critics.
On Metacritic, which assigns a "weighted average" rating out of 100 from selected independent ratings and reviews from mainstream critics, the album received a Metascore of 72 based on 14 reviews.

Sofie Jenkinson from The Line of Best Fit called the album, "the vehicle for one of the most unusual and malleable voices in Britain today." and gave the album a score of 85/100.

References

2014 albums
Tom Vek albums


title: Leigh Jakes

text:
Leigh Ashley Jakes (born March 24, 1988) is an American soccer player who currently plays for NiceFutis in the Finnish women's premier division Naisten Liiga.

Career
Jakes has previously played for Northwestern Wildcats in the Big Ten Conference, Chicago Red Stars in the Women's Premier Soccer League, Falköpings KIK in the Swedish second tier Elitettan and Kokkola F10 in the Finnish women's league.

Family
Leigh Jakes is the daughter of Rhonda and Van Jakes who was a cornerback in the National Football League for six seasons.

References

1988 births
People from McDonough, Georgia
Sportspeople from Henry County, Georgia
Expatriate women's footballers in Sweden
Expatriate women's footballers in Finland
American women's soccer players
Living people
Kansallinen Liiga players
Kokkola Futis 10 players
NiceFutis players
Women's association football defenders
Chicago Red Stars players
Northwestern Wildcats women's soccer players
National Women's Soccer League players
Soccer players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Women's Premier Soccer League players
American expatriate women's soccer players
American expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
American expatriate sportspeople in Finland


title: Diego Aguirre (Spanish footballer)

text:
Diego Aguirre Parra (; born 17 October 1990) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left winger or left back for CD Numancia.

Club career
Aguirre was born in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha. He finished his formation in CD Toledo's youth ranks, and made his senior debuts with the reserves in the 2009–10 campaign, playing in the regional leagues.

On 5 December 2010 Aguirre made his first-team debut, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 0–0 draw at Manzanares CF in the Tercera División. He scored his first goal on 9 January of the following year, netting the last of a 4–0 home win against CP Villarrobledo.

On 19 July 2012, after appearing regularly with Toledo and being relegated back to the fourth level, Aguirre signed a new deal with the club. He remained as a starter in the following two campaigns, scoring 13 goals in both seasons combined.

On 11 June 2014 Aguirre signed a three-year deal with La Liga side Rayo Vallecano. He was officially presented on 15 July, along with Derek Boateng.

On 29 August 2014 Aguirre was loaned to CD Leganés, newly promoted to the Segunda División, in a season-long deal. He played his first match as a professional two days later, replacing Carlos Álvarez in the 62nd minute of a 0–2 away loss against UE Llagostera.

On 12 October 2014 Aguirre scored his first professional goal, netting the first in a 1–2 away loss against Sporting de Gijón. On 26 August 2015 he was loaned to Real Oviedo also in the second tier, for one year.

Returning to Rayo in July 2016, Aguirre contributed with three goals in 19 appearances during the 2017–18 campaign as his side achieved a top-tier promotion. On 12 June 2018, he signed a three-year contract with second division side Real Zaragoza.

On 7 June 2019, Zaragoza reached an agreement with Apollon Limassol for the transfer of Aguirre.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Rayo Vallecano
Segunda División: 2017–18

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Toledo, Spain
Footballers from the Province of Toledo
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football utility players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
CD Toledo players
Rayo Vallecano players
CD Leganés players
Real Oviedo players
Real Zaragoza players
CD Numancia players
Cypriot First Division players
Apollon Limassol FC players
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus


title: Buchter

text:
Buchter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ryan Buchter (born 1987), American baseball player
Tineke Buchter, better known as Tina Strobos (1920–2012), Dutch psychiatrist who rescued Jews during the Holocaust

See also
Butcher (surname)


title: Lee Jae-won (baseball)

text:
Lee Jae-won (born February 24, 1988) is South Korean professional baseball catcher for the SSG Landers of the KBO League.

He represented South Korea at the 2018 Asian Games.

After the 2018 season, he became a free agent and stayed at 6.9 billion won in total for four years.

References

External links
Career statistics and player information from the KBO League

1988 births
Living people
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Asian Games medalists in baseball
Baseball players at the 2014 Asian Games
Baseball players at the 2018 Asian Games
KBO League catchers
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
SSG Landers players
South Korean baseball players
Sportspeople from Incheon


title: Werchter Boutique

text:
Werchter Boutique is a Belgian music festival. It is a one-day event, usually organized prior to the Rock Werchter festival.

The first edition took place in 2008. Until 2011, the organizers mainly focused on families. However, the 2012 edition was focused at metal enthusiasts.

Unlike the other satellite festival of Rock Werchter, TW Classic, this festival does not take place every year.

List of lineups

2008
Doe Maar, Santana, James Blunt, Crowded House, Hucknall, Tokio Hotel, Zornik, Milow

2009
Madonna, Paul Oakenfold

2010
Prince, Larry Graham, Mint Condition, Jamie Lidell

2011
No edition

2012
Metallica, Soundgarden, Mastodon, Channel Zero, Gojira, Ghost

2013
Muse, Balthazar, SX

2014-2015-2016
No editions

2017
Robbie Williams, Tourist LeMC, Marco Borsato, Erasure, Stan Van Samang, Niels Destadsbader

2018
Bruno Mars, Oscar and the Wolf, Years & Years, Jessie J, Tom Odell, DJ Rashida, Lil' Kleine

2019
Fleetwood Mac, Snow Patrol, Triggerfinger, The Pretenders, Arsenal, Novastar

2020
Taylor Swift, 5 Seconds of Summer, Ellie Goulding, Bazart, Loïc Nottet, Zwangere Guy, Brihang

2021
No edition due to COVID-19 pandemic.

2022
Gorillaz, Stromae, Years & Years, Khruangbin, Arsenal, Blackwave

2023
P!nk, OneRepublic, Ellie Goulding, Goldband, Selah Sue, S10

External links
Officiële site Werchter Boutique

References

Rock festivals in Belgium
Music festivals established in 2008
Summer events in Belgium


title: Mnet Asian Music Awards in the Music Video Awards Category

text:
The following are the defunct titles in the Music Video Awards Category given by the Mnet Asian Music Awards.

Most Popular Music Video (daesang)
The "Most Popular Music Video" category was a former daesang (or grand prize) award together with the "Music Video of the Year" from 1999 to 2005. Since then, the former was discontinued while the latter was demoted and renamed to "Best Music Video".

Music Video Acting

Music Video Director

See also
 Mnet Asian Music Award for Best Music Video

Notes
 Each year is linked to the article about the Mnet Asian Music Awards held that year.

References

External links
 Mnet Asian Music Awards official website

MAMA Awards


title: Glass Mountain (Utah)

text:
The Glass Mountain is a geologic feature in Lower Cathedral Valley of Capitol Reef National Park consisting of large selenite (gypsum) crystals forming a mound or plug 15 feet high. Gypsum was deposited as sea water evaporated 165 million years ago and then buried under other sediments. The gypsum migrated upwards through fractures in the sediments forming layers and, very rarely, domes like the Glass Mountain. There is only one exposed selenite plug within the park and one other just outside which has been reduced to ground level by collectors.

Climate
Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Glass Mountain. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than  of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.

See also

 Geology of the Capitol Reef area

External links
 Weather Forecast: Cathedral Valley
 Capitol Reef National Park National Park Service

References

 http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/geosights/cathedralvalley.htm

Capitol Reef National Park
Geology of Utah


title: Yonakor

text:
Yonakor is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

John Yonakor (1921–2001), American football player
Rich Yonakor (1958–2022), American basketball player, son of John


title: Lee Jae-won

text:
Lee Jae-won may also refer to:
Lee Jae-won (singer) (born 1980), South Korean singer
Lee Jae-won (footballer, born 1983), South Korean association football player
Lee Jae-won (actor) (born 1986), South Korean actor
Lee Jae-won (footballer, born 1992), South Korean association football player
Lee Jae-won (footballer, born 1997), South Korean association football player
Lee Jae-won (baseball) (born 1988), South Korean baseball player
Jae Won Lee, Korean American ceramic artist


title: Ngathaingchaung

text:
Ngathaingchaung or Ngathainggyaung and sometimes Nga-thaing Chaung and Ngatheingkhyonng () is a town and sub-township (fourth-level administrative division of Myanmar) in Yegyi Township, Pathein District of Ayeyarwady Region in Myanmar. The GMT time is +6.5 hours.

Location
Altitude is . It lies  from the region's and district's capital Pathein, from Myanmar's largest city and former capital Yangon and  from Myanmar's current capital Naypyidaw.

Climate

References

 https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Ngathaingchaung/@17.3950051,95.0719553,2013m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x30c082bdbaa40691:0xdae4edab201c03b8
 http://www.fallingrain.com/world/BM/03/Ngathainggyaung.html
 http://www.tiptopglobe.com/city?i=1459642&n=Ngathainggyaung

Populated places in Ayeyarwady Region


title: Mölln (Lauenb) station

text:
Mölln (Lauenburg) station is located in the Mölln in the district of Herzogtum Lauenburg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The first station building was opened simultaneously with the Lübeck–Lüneburg railway on 16 October 1851, but was later demolished.

The present building was erected in 1899; at the same time the Mölln–Hollenbek railway was built to connect with the Hagenow Land–Bad Oldesloe railway (also known as the Kaiserbahn or "Imperial Railway"). The Mölln–Hollenbek line was closed in 1959. Today only the Lübeck-Lüneburg railway is still in operation.

Infrastructure

The entrance building, which was built in 1851 with Prussian architectural features, is closed as a result of vandalism. The unused part of the entrance building formerly housed the Lok-Haus restaurant and a kiosk.

The station area was renovated in 2008. The old semaphore signals were replaced by colour light signals and the trackbed of track 2 was renewed and the level crossing was completely rebuilt.

Rail services

The station has two tracks, but in December 2008, only track 1 was used by passenger traffic since the crossing in Ratzeburg has been reactivated and trains now cross there. Freight traffic only occasionally uses the line.

Three regional bus routes depart from the station forecourt and connect the station with central Mölln among other places.

Notes

References

Railway stations in Schleswig-Holstein
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1851
1851 establishments in Denmark
Buildings and structures in Herzogtum Lauenburg


title: Gudzowaty

text:
Gudzowaty is a Polish language surname. It may refer to:

Aleksander Gudzowaty (1938-2013), Polish businessman
Melody Gudzowaty (born 1989),  Dominican-Spanish model
Tomasz Gudzowaty (born 1971), Polish documentary, portrait and art photographer

Polish-language surnames


title: Bratz (surname)

text:
Bratz is a German surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Jens-Halvard Bratz (1920–2005), Norwegian businessman and politician
Mike Bratz (born 1955), American retired basketball player
Emilie Bratz, better known by her maiden name Emilie da Fonseca, 19th-century Norwegian actress and opera singer

German-language surnames


title: Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habsyi

text:
Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habshi, better known as Habib Ali of Kwitang or Habib Ali Kwitang (, ; April 20, 1870 – October 13, 1968), was one of the leading Islamic clerics and preachers in Jakarta in the 20th century. He was also the founder and chairman of the Majelis Taklim Kwitang (the Islamic congregation of Kwitang; although Majelis Taklim itself literally means Board of Education) and Islamic Center Indonesia, which are the forerunners of other religious organizations in Jakarta.

History
Ali was born in the area of Kwitang in Central Jakarta on April 20, 1870, CE which was 20 Jumada al-Awwal 1286 AH.  His father was Abdurrahman bin Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Habshi, an Arab Indonesian of Hadhrami- Sayyid descent. His father better known as Habib Cikini (d. 1879 CE) was born in Petak Sembilan, Semarang and was an Islamic scholar and preacher who lived in asceticism. His father died in 1879 CE when Ali was young and was buried in Cikini. His mother (born in Meester Cornelis) was a pious woman named Salmah (Nyai Salmeh), a daughter of a Betawi cleric from Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. His father once married to Syarifah Rogayah bint Husen bin Alwi bin Awal bin Yahya, the younger sister of Raden Saleh, but from this marriage they did not have any offspring.  Besides Ali, Abdurrahman had another son named Abdul Qadir, the younger brother of Ali who married to Sidah, the daughter of Habib Usman bin Yahya. Only from Ali the lineage of Abdurrahman continued as Abdul Qadir had only three daughters (the Arab society is patrilineal).  Among students of Habib Abdurahman was Habib Ahmad Bin alwi al-Haddad, known as Habib Kuncung, who is buried in Kalibata, which is known for his piety and sanctity.

His grandfather was Habib Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Habshi was born in Pontianak, West Kalimantan.  He married a Semarang girl and had a son named Abdurrahman, and later in Pontianak he married another girl of Bansir family and had a son named Ali, who later moved to Gorontalo, settled and built a family there.  Abdullah died on his sailing back to Pontianak, where the ship sunk in Java sea near Sukadana in 1833 CE (1249 AH). According to some sources, the ship sunk while fighting against "Lanun", a term used by people in Pontianak for pirates. Habib Ali Kwitang's great-grandfather, Muhammad al-Habshi was a wulayti, came from Hadhramaut and lived in Pontianak but died in Taribah, Hadhramaut. He married the princess of Pontianak Sultanate of Algadri clan from the dynasty of al-Qadiriyyah al-Hashimiyyah.

Ali was a Sayyid and his lineage traces back to Imam Ali as recorded as follows: Ali bin Abdurrahman bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdurrahman bin Husein bin Abdurrahman bin Hadi bin Ahmad Shahib Syi'ib bin Muhammad al-Ashghar bin Alwi bin Abubakar al-Habshi bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad Assadilah bin Hasan al-Turabi bin Ali bin Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam bin Ali ibn Muhammad Shahib Mirbath bin Ali Khali' Qasam bin Alwi al-Tsani bin Muhammad bin Alwi al-Awwal bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad al-Muhajir ibn Isa al-Rumi ibn Muhammad al-Naqib bin 'Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq bin Muhammad al-Baqir ibn  Zayn al-‘Ābdīn ibn Husain ibn Ali bin Abu Talib and Fatimah daughter of Muhammad.

Early life
Abdurahman asked his wife, Nyi Salmah, to ensure that his son, Ali, was schooled in Hadhramaut and Mecca as It was common for Betawi people to send their children to the Middle East for religious education.

When Ali reached about 11 years old, he went to Hadhramaut to study Islam from 1881 CE to 1886 CE. The first place he went was rubath Habib 'Abdur Rahman ibn' Alwi al-'Aydrus. There he learned from the scholars, among others, Habib 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Habshi (the author of Mawlid book Shimthud Durar), Habib Hasan bin Ahmad al-'Aydrus, Habib Zain bin 'Alwi Ba'Abud, Habib Ahmad bin Hasan al-'Aththas and Shaikh Hasan bin 'Awadh. He also had the opportunity to study in al-Haramain (the Land of the Two Holy Mosques) during 1887-1889 and studied under Habib Muhammad bin Husain al-Habshi (Mufti of Mecca), Sayyid Abu Bakr al-Bakri Syatha al-Dimyati, Shaikh Muhammad Said Babsail, and Shaikh 'Umar Hamda.

His passion to study never stopped, even after his return to Indonesia in 1889. He studied with a number of prominent scholars in Jakarta, including Habib Usman bin Yahya the mufti of Batavia, the marabout Habib Abdullah bin Muhsin Alatas in Empang, Bogor (his favorite teacher in Indonesia), and Habib Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Muhdhar of Bondowoso.

Later life
At the age of 20 years, Habib Ali Kwitang married to Syarifah Aisha binti Ali Assegaf, a girl from Gedong Hijau, South Jakarta. From the marriage, Habib Ali had eight daughters (Rogayah, Fatimah, Khadijah, Maryam, Mahani, Zainab, Zahra, and Sa’diyah) and two sons (Abdurrahman and Muhammad).  His first child, Abdurahman, whom used to be called Wan Derahman, married a catholic woman of Dutch descent named Maria Van Engels (people later called her Wan Enon or Jidah Non, while her families call her Nonni) who then converted to Islam and changed her name to Mariam.  Abdurrahman had a short life and died in 1940 long before his father died. Abdurahman was buried initially at Said Naum Cemetery in Tanah Abang, but later moved to Karet Cemetery. Children of the couple Abdurrahman and Mariam, among others, were Muhdhar (nickname: Adong) and Salmah (nickname: Dameh). Salmah or better known as Bu Dame''' or mother Dame' (d. 2000) was the only one of granddaughters of Habib Ali who continued the dawah to women congregation in Kwitang.

In addition to preaching at a number of places, he also traded for living. While carrying his merchandises on horseback, Habib Ali began trading in Tanah Abang Market in 1900. Although he was busy trading, Habib Ali always kept his prayer times, which was then followed by many Muslim merchants at Tanah Abang market. Every day approximately 10 minutes before Dhuhr time, Ali closed his stall and carried most of his merchandise, followed by other traders. After midday Habib Ali no longer open his stall, but did trade while preaching to the planned destination of each days. Such condition followed by other traders, in such that the Tanah Abang market at the time was then called Tanah Abang Morning Market (because it open only in the morning).  He did this until he reached 70 years old.

Habib Ali was involved in the establishment of Jamiat Kheir in 1901 and Rabithah al-Alawiyah in 1928.  Although he was not an active member of Jamiar Kheir, he gave spiritual support for the establishment. In 1928, Habib Ali held his first mawlid in front of Al Ma'mur Masjid or in the field of Jamiat Kheir Foundation in Tanah Abang, but later was held in Kwitang.

Ali went for Hajj three times. First in 1311 AH or 1894 CE when Mecca was ruled by Aun Al-Rafiq Pasha, the second was in 1343 AH or 1925 CE when Hejaz was ruled by King Ali bin Hussein, and the third one was in 1354 AH or 1936 CE when the Hejaz was ruled by King Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud.

In the beginning of 1958 Habib Ali fell in the bathroom which resulted severe joints injury. His family refused Ali to get a surgery, because he was already more than 90 years old, so he just got regular treatment. He became partially paralyzed and almost always on wheelchair.

In the last few years of his life Habib Ali spent his time reading the Koran at his veranda in Kwitang. Habib Ali even made his residence as a mosque named Awwabin  and used it for Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr prayers in congregation with a number of his disciples.

Death
Habib Ali died Sunday on October 13, 1968, at 20:45 pm at the age of 98 years or around 103 years by Hijri calendar. His death received tremendous attention from his disciples and also Muslim communities in the country. The news of his death was even broadcast by a number of television and radio stations from Arab countries as well as Voice of America's broadcasting station to various countries.  The only Indonesian TV broadcasting station at that time, TVRI, broadcast the news live about his death as well.  When the news of his death spread out, thousands of people mourned and paid respects at the funeral home.

Habib Ali Kwitang could be the only servant of God in Indonesia whose body was bathed with the Zam Zam water. On the day of his funeral, the Indonesian government decided to make the day of funeral as National day of mourning and expected people to install flag at half-mast in honor of his services to the nation and state. At the time when the body was going to be moved from the house to the cemetery, it could not be moved due to the large number of mourners filled the Kramat II street to the Arriyadh Mosque. The body was then carried passing over the heads of thousands of mourners and it took about half an hour to arrive, even though the distance to the burial was only approximately  from the residence of Habib Ali. Habib Salim bin Jindan appointed and initiated a Bay'ah to Ali's son Muhammad to continue his father's work.  Since the death of Muhammad on December 12, 1993, the leadership of ICI is continued by Muhammad's son, Abdurrahman al-Habshi.

The death of Habib Ali Kwitang according to Hamka was very big loss for the nation, because Habib Ali's struggle for preaching had made many people in Jakarta became better Muslims.  Hamka also acknowledged that Habib Ali was the descendant of Muhammad the prophet of Islam and played very important role in the struggle of Indonesian people, so he should deservedly get a high respect.

Career
During Dutch East Indies ruling, there was a rebellion against the government in Priangan area. The Dutch government sought help to Habib Ali Kwitang to mediate a ceasefire with the Priangan Muslims in the region. Fortunately Habib Ali Kwitang successfully mollified the Priangan people, so they would stop the war. This incident pleased the Dutch Colonial, so it gave the Medal of Honor to Ali for his contribution to reconcile the dispute.

In addition to tasuwir (the betawi term for a Sermon at the time), he also authored a number of books, such as al-Azhar Al-Wardiyyah fi al-Shuurah An-Nabawiyyah  (The character of the Prophet) and al-Durar Fi al-Shalawat al-Khair al-Bariyyah (book about shalawat). He also used yellow books (a term for classic religious books; usually printed in yellow paper) written by Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad, a scholar living in Hadramaut about 300 years ago who wrote the famous Ratib Haddad.

There was already a mosque in Kwitang in 1910 called al-Riyadh Musholla. In order to strengthen the preaching task, in 1918 Habib Ali expanded the mosque, where next to it he later built a madrasah named Madrasah Unwanul Falah. The land used to build the mosque was a waqf partially provided by a Betawi of Kwitang, Haji Jilani (Mad Jilani) and by Sayyid Abdurrahman bin Syech AlKaff. Many scholars in Jakarta had been his students or had studied at the madrasah.

In 1911 Ali founded Majelis Taklim Kwitang (the activity of congregation in Majelis Taklim is mostly listening to sermon given by the preacher) on Kwitang II street. In relatively short time, his activity attracted many people, including from the suburbs such as Ciputat, Condet, even Depok. Because there was no city bus at that time, some of his disciples came by train, but mostly by horse-powered wagons. On April 20, 1963, he was in the committee to renovate the mosque for its third time.  The committee consisted of government officials as well as Ulamas. On May 8, 1963, some newspapers in Jakarta, the Indonesian news agency Antara carried story about the Masjid Kwitang renovation with dome and minarets.

A number of other Betawi scholars who had studied to him and some even open other Majelis Taklim were Thahir Rohili (the founder of al-Thahiriyyah), Abdullah Syafi'i (the founder of Assyafi'iyyah), Fathullah Harun (later migrated to Malaysia), Abdulrazak Mamun and Zayadi. Although these people were his disciples, Habib Ali treat them like his own family. He often visited them at their home. In his Majelis Taklim, they were always given the opportunity to give a speech. Later, Habib Salim bin Jindan, who was famous for hist fiery speeches, joined him.

As a well-known scholar, Habib Ali preached at many places in Indonesia. He also had students from Singapore and Malaysia. In addition, he also had traveled to many countries, such as Pakistan, India, Colombo, and Egypt.  Habib Ali was known not only in Southeast Asian countries (such as Malaysia, Singapore, or Thailand), but also in African and Middle East countries.

Habib Ali began to perform Mawlid every last Thursday of Rabi' al-awwal since the death of Muhammad ibn Habib Idrus Al-Habshi in 1920 CE (1338 AH) until 1937 CE (1355 AH) at Jamiat Kheir and later moved to al-Riyadh mosque.  Habib Ali also played an important role in the establishment of Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah in 1928 and its sub-organization, al-Maktab Daimi in around 1940.

Habib Ali was respected by many Indonesian officials and also befriend with Sukarno. A few days before the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Habib Ali Kwitang offered his residence for Sukarno to stay overnight before proclaiming the independence to avoid threats from the Dutch Empire. During his stay at Habib Ali Kwitang's residence, Sukarno always followed spiritual activities in Habib Ali's assembly and congregation.  The assembly invoked a lot of prayers for safety of Sukarno and for the independence which would be proclaimed on the August 17, 1945 CE which was also in the month of Ramadan.

In 1963, Sukarno planned to visit his congregation but due to various factors could not attend, so he instead sent the Indonesian Prime Minister at the time, Djuanda Kartawidjaja. In March 1965, during Asian-African Islamic Conference (KIAA), the heads of state and guests were ushered to Habib Ali's Majelis Taklim Kwitang'' by the chief of staff of the armed forces of Indonesia who was the Minister of Defence, General Abdul Haris Nasution.  Leaders of the Muslim World League during their visit to Indonesia also paid a visit to Habib Ali. Similarly, Soeharto, B.J. Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at least have visited the place once. Traditionally, every new elected governor of Jakarta would visit the shrine of Habib Ali.

Legacies
According to Mohammad Asad bin Ali bin Ahmad Shahab who knew Habib Ali Kwitang for decades, Habib Ali's assembly could survive for more than a century as the core teachings of Islam because the materials he offered were peaceful, full of akhlaq, monotheistic, contained purity of faith, social solidarity, and noble morality.

Although traditionally Habib Ali and his future generations follow Shafi'i Madhhab for fiqh and Ba 'Alawiyya for everything else, one of his grandsons, Ali Ridha bin Muhammad, is a shiah scholar, graduated from Qom in 1974.

Habib Ali's Majlis of Mawlid is still hold annually to date in Jakarta, and is usually attended by thousands of people from many places, including foreign countries.

References

Bibliography

1870 births
1968 deaths
Indonesian Muslims
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Sunni Sufis
Indonesian people of Yemeni descent
Indonesian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam


title: Kodela Siva Prasada Rao

text:
Kodela Siva Prasada Rao  (2 May 1947 – 16 September 2019) was an Indian politician from the Telugu Desam Party and also a former Member of the Legislative Assembly from Sattenapalle.

Beginning 2014 he served for five years as the Speaker of the first Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. In a career spanning three decades, he served as a cabinet minister in the N. T. Rama Rao and N. Chandrababu Naidu governments, serving at various times as Minister of Home Affairs, Health, Major Irrigation department, Panchayat Raj and Rural Development, and Civil Supplies.

Life and education
Kodela Siva Prasada Rao was born in Kandlagunta, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India on 2 May 1947. He and his wife Sasikala had three children, a daughter, and two sons.

He completed his Primary education in Siripuram, Guntur district and studied pre-university at Loyola College, Vijayawada. He graduated with a M.B.B.S. from Guntur Medical College, Guntur, and earned his MS (General Surgery) from Banaras Hindu University.

Positions held
 1983 - 1985 : Member APLA
 1985 - 1989 : Member APLA
 1989 - 1994 : Member APLA
 1994 - 1999 : Member APLA
 1999 - 2003 : Member APLA,
 2014 : Member APLA - Speaker, APLA - Chairman, Business Advisory Committee

AS MEMBER OF LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

 1983 : Elected from Narasaraopet (Assembly constituency)
 1985 : Elected from Narasaraopet (Assembly constituency)
 1989 : Elected from Narasaraopet (Assembly constituency)
 1994 : Elected from Narasaraopet (Assembly constituency)
 1999 : Elected from Narasaraopet (Assembly constituency)
 2014 : Elected from Sattenapalle (Assembly constituency)

AS MINISTER

 1987 - 1988: Minister for Home
 1996 - 1997: Minister for Major & Medium Irrigation
 1997 - 1999: Minister for Panchayat Raj

References

1947 births
2019 deaths
 Speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
 Telugu Desam Party politicians
 Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019
 People from Guntur district
20th-century Indian politicians
 Andhra Pradesh politicians
 Suicides by hanging in India
Politicians who died by suicide


title: Terrorism in Azerbaijan

text:
The fight against terrorism in Azerbaijan is one of Azerbaijan's declared priorities. International organizations banned as terrorist include Al Qaeda, Al-Nusra Front, Azerbaijani Jamaat, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Islamic International Brigade, ISIS, Jeyshullah, and PKK.  According to the Global Terrorism Database, seven people have been killed and over 20 injured in terrorist attacks from 2000 to 2015.

Banned organisations
The Azerbaijani government has designated 52 organisations as terrorist and banned them.

International organizations
International organisations the Azerbaijani government has designated as terrorist and banned include:
 Al Qaeda
 Al-Nusra Front
 Azerbaijani Jamaat
 Hizb ut-Tahrir
 Islamic International Brigade
 ISIS
 Jeyshullah
 PKK

Nationalist organisations
 Sadval (Lezgian)
Grey Wolves (Turkey)

Islamic radicalism

Wahhabists
Today Wahhabi congregation, particularly the radical part of Salafists, are considered one of the dangerous radical Islamic groups in Azerbaijan. Before the November 6, 2005 elections Rafik Aliyev, chairman of the Azerbaijani government's Committee for Work with Religious Formations, warned that the increased activity of "Wahhabis," poses a threat to political stability in Azerbaijan. In October, 2007 the Azerbaijani government reported it thwarted a Wahhabi radical Islamic group's plot to conduct a “large-scale, horrifying terror attack” against US and British diplomatic missions and government buildings. According to the Azerbaijani National Security Ministry, one suspect was killed and several others were detained in a weekend sweep in village outside the capital. The State Department closed US embassy in Baku for a period, while the UK embassy in Azerbaijan suspended services due to "local security concerns".

An Attack on Abu Bakr Mosque of Baku took place on August 17, 2008 when a man or men threw a grenade through a window of the Abu Bakr (Abu-Bekir) mosque, used both by Sunni and Wahhabi Muslims, during the evening prayer. Three people were killed and 13 injured. During the investigation, 26 persons were accused of Article 214 (terrorism), 279 (creation of an armed formations or groups, which are not provided by the legislation) and others of the Criminal Code of Azerbaijan Republic, and one person, the leader of “Forest brothers” radical group, was killed during a special operation.

Al-Qaeda
In 1998 after the attacks on the U.S. embassies in Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi, as a result of the fax that was sent from Baku, the level of activity of Al-Qaeda in the country was discovered. Azerbaijan actively cooperated with the United States in counterterrorism operations and had success in reducing the presence and hampering the activities of international Islamic militant groups with ties to terrorist organizations seeking to move people, money, and material throughout the Caucasus. Following this members of the Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya close to Al-Qaeda movement were arrested in Azerbaijan and extradited to Cairo. An Al-Qaeda operative, Abu Atiya, was arrested in Baku and turned over to the CIA. The arrests came after security forces engaged in a search for more than a month, that finally led them to a safe house in Sumgayit, where the militants were arrested.

Amiraslan Iskenderov and five co-defendants were found guilty of trying to start an Islamist army in 2005.

According to U.S. Department of State report on terrorism in Azerbaijan, "in April 2006, in a trial involving a group called al-Qaida Caucasus (separate from a group of the same name sentenced in 2005), 16 group members were sentenced to terms of up to life in prison. The group was convicted of the illegal purchase and bearing of firearms and for the July 2005 assassination of an officer of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs. The group consisted of citizens of Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia and Yemen."

Jeyshullah
The Jeyshullah (soldiers of Allah) group was an extremist Salafi group, mainly active in Azerbaijan in the late 1990s, and reportedly responsible for several murders and attacks against the Hare Krishna temple and the Baku office of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. It is also thought to have planned to bomb the U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan but was pre-empted by Azerbaijani law enforcement officials.

Jeyshullah was founded by Mubariz Aliyev, a renegade Internal Affairs Ministry officer, with the aim to spread Salafism in Azerbaijan by "getting rid of those who stood in their way, seizing of power in the country by force and creating an Islamic state". It also called on Azerbaijanis to fight foreign religious missionaries and non-Islamic religious groups and received special military and ideological training in Chechnya. Jeyshullah's leaders were alleged of terrorism and prisoned in 2000, Mubariz Aliev was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Tovba
Tovba (Repentance) Radical Islamic organization, that supported the usage of Arabic script in prevail of Latin in Azerbaijan in early-1990s, was expanded from Azerbaijan to Central Asia and founded its power structures in Ferghana Valley in 1991. According to Stephen Roth Institute, Tovba, as well as Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islamiyya were among the organizations in Azerbaijan and in Central Asia that "reflect the anti Israel and anti Jewish attitudes of the parent organizations in the Middle East, which finance the dissemination of their propaganda."

Gülen movement
Influence of Turkey in shaping Islam in post-Soviet Azerbaijan was due to a combination of popular Islam and Turkic nationalism promoted by the Turkish religious Gülen movement, which also operates under the name of "Nur". In June 2014, it was announced Azerbaijan's parliament has shut down private 11 high schools, 13 university-exam preparation centres, as well as Qafqaz University, all of them which are run by influential preacher Fethullah Gulen.

Terrorist Incidents in Azerbaijan

The International Crisis Group has determined, in the executive summary of the findings from its special report on religion in Azerbaijan, that: "Azerbaijan is a secular state with an overwhelmingly moderate (predominantly Shiite) Muslim population. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union and independence in 1991, independent Sunni and Shiite groups have emerged which refuse the spiritual authority of the official clergy. Some are political, but very few, if any, appear intent on employing violence to overthrow the state."

In recent history, the Azerbaijani security services have focused on the threat posed by radical and nationalistic Islamic militant organisations, such as those responsible for the 1994 Baku Metro bombings and the 2007 Baku terrorist plot.

In 2012 Azerbaijan prevented and arrested 22 Iranian Hezbollah terrorists for plotting an attack against Israeli and U.S. targets.

Also in 2012 it was revealed that Mossad thwarted terrorist attack in Azerbaijan by neutralizing an Iranian terrorists cell.

In 2016 Azerbaijan prevented terrorist attack to blow up Baku-Istanbul bus.

In 2016 Azerbaijan's State Security Service killed an armed terrorist.

Counter-terrorism

Domestic counter-terrorism
Azerbaijan continued to use counterterrorism legislation, first adopted in 1999, that governs the investigation and prosecution of individuals who have committed or plan to commit terrorist acts. The Ministry of National Security is primarily responsible for combating terrorism, although the Ministry of Internal Affairs also plays a role as the country's primary law enforcement entity. Both ministries demonstrated the ability to detect and deter terrorist activities.

International cooperation
The government of Azerbaijan has engaged in cooperation at the bilateral and multilateral level to gain support for its efforts to combat terrorism and ethnic separatism. This has increased following the September 11 attacks in the United States, which led to the global War on Terror.

See also
 1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing
 1994 Baku Metro bombings
 2007 Baku terrorist plot
 Azerbaijan State Oil Academy shooting
 Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan

References


title: I-275 Metro Trail

text:
The I-275 Metro Trail is a bicycle trail in Wayne and Oakland counties in the US state of Michigan.

History
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) built a bike trail parallel to I-275 in the mid-1970s. This I-275 Bikeway was constructed as a reply to the 1970s energy crisis, along a  stretch in Monroe, Wayne and Oakland counties. This path is  wide and runs at least  from the freeway, fenced off from adjacent landowners. It was not well-maintained originally, but it was being improved in the first decade of the 21st century. There are 24 access points to the trail located at major cross roads along the route. The trail is one of a network approved in June 1974, and the state originally planned it to follow almost all  of I-275 at the time, including the unbuilt segment north of Novi.

Since 2006, the Michigan Trails & Greenway Alliance and MDOT have been working to improve the bike trail. At the time of the alliance's initial studies, the trail was overgrown with vegetation in locations. The study focused on areas of needed improvement after meeting with members of the public in the communities surrounding the bike path. In August 2009, MDOT held an open house to discuss construction work planned to improve the trail.  Further impacts by MDOT to the bikeway included closures in 2010 during reconstruction projects underway on the I-275 freeway. Since a grand re-opening in 2011, the bike path has been called the I-275 Metro Trail. In the middle of 2015, MDOT completed reconstruction of the bike trail, resulting in a paved trail from a junction with the Downriver Linked Greenways East–West Trail near South Huron Road northward to 12 Mile Road in Novi.

See also

References

Bike paths in Michigan
Transportation in Wayne County, Michigan
Transportation in Oakland County, Michigan


title: Bloomington, Kansas

text:
Bloomington is an unincorporated community in Osborne County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 4 miles west of Osborne.

History
Bloomington was originally called Tilden, and under the latter name was platted in 1871. The present name of Bloomington was adopted in 1873. A post office was opened in Bloomington in the 1870s, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1955.

Education
Bloomington grade school was closed in 1968.

References

Further reading

External links
 Osborne County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Osborne County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Kya Khat Hmyaung

text:
Kya Khat Hmyaung is a village in Ma Gyi La Har Village Tract in Yegyi Township in the Pathein District of the Ayeyarwady Region in Myanmar.

References
 https://archive.today/20140621044415/http://media.web-myanmar.com/location/kya_khat_hmyaung-mm0701064905_8.html

Populated places in Ayeyarwady Region


title: Vincent, Kansas

text:
Vincent is a ghost town in Valley Township, Osborne County, Kansas, United States.

History
A post office was opened in Vincent in 1878, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1901.

References

Unincorporated communities in Osborne County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: 1868 in Spain

text:
Events in the year 1868 in Spain.

Incumbents
Monarch - Isabella II until September 30
Prime Minister:
 until 23 April: Ramon Maria Narvaez
 23 April–19 September: Luis González Bravo
 19 September–30 September: Jose Gutierrez de la Concha
 30 September–3 October: Pascual Madoz
 starting 3 October: Francisco Serrano

Events
September 19–27 - Glorious Revolution (Spain)

Births

Deaths
April 23 - Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia

1860s in Spain


title: 2014 Quaker State 400

text:
The 2014 Quaker State 400 presented by Advance Auto Parts was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on June 28, 2014, at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky. Contested over 267 laps on the  tri-oval, it was the 17th race of the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Brad Keselowski led 199 laps during the race, to take his second win of the season. Kyle Busch finished second, while Ryan Newman, Matt Kenseth, and Dale Earnhardt Jr. rounded out the top five. The top rookies of the race were Austin Dillon (16th), Michael Annett (18th), and Justin Allgaier (24th).

Previous week's race
Carl Edwards held off a last lap charge from Jeff Gordon to win the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Sonoma Raceway. "Real tough. That last lap was ugly. I grew up watching Jeff Gordon do well here so to have him in my mirror is special," Edwards said. "This team has been working very hard. The whole group has. It's very special to be a part of something like this."

Report

Background

Kentucky Speedway is a  tri-oval speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, which has hosted ARCA, NASCAR and Indy Racing League racing annually since it opened in 2000. The track is currently owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports, Inc. and Jerry Carroll, who, along with four other investors, owned Kentucky Speedway until 2008. The speedway has a grandstand capacity of 117,000. Construction of the speedway began in 1998 and was completed in mid-2000. The speedway has hosted the Camping World Truck Series, Nationwide Series, IndyCar Series, Indy Lights, and most recently, the Sprint Cup Series beginning in 2011.

Entry list
The entry list for the Quaker State 400 was released on Monday, June 23, 2014, at 9:09 a.m. Eastern time. Only 42 cars entered the race which made this the first Sprint Cup Series race without a full field of 43 drivers, since the 2001 New Hampshire 300 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway. NASCAR's senior director of communications Kerry Tharp denied that there was any "magic" to a 43-car grid, and also noted how well the sport had been progressing with an improvement in competition. Hendrick Motorsports drivers Jimmie Johnson and Jeff Gordon backed up Tharp's words, with both drivers unconcerned about the lack of a full grid. While the field expanded to 43 on June 27 after BK Racing entered Mike Bliss in the No. 93, J. J. Yeley and Xxxtreme Motorsport withdrew later in the day, citing "internal politics".

Practice

First practice
Kyle Larson was the fastest in the first practice session with a lap time of 29.420 and a speed of .

Final practice
Brad Keselowski was the fastest in the final practice session with a lap time of 29.492 and a speed of .

Qualifying
Brad Keselowski won the pole with a new track record lap time of 28.603 and a speed of . Keselowski was surprised by the performance, having stated that he "thought we were all gonna be a lot slower", and that he would "want to go out there" and achieve the victory. Teammate Joey Logano joined Keselowski on the front row in a Team Penske lockout, in his 200th Cup start. Logano was disappointed to miss out on pole, bemoaning the new-for-2014 qualifying structure.

Qualifying results

Race

First half

Start

Prior to the start of the race, there was a downpour that soaked the track. This prompted NASCAR to schedule a competition caution at lap 30. The race was scheduled to start at 7:45 p.m. Eastern time but started three minutes earlier with Brad Keselowski leading the field to the green flag. Jeff Gordon slipped on the start and fell to eighth. Just ahead of the scheduled competition caution, Denny Hamlin hit the wall in turn three after a tire blowout, and caused the first caution of the race. Hamlin described his impact as "definitely a lot easier than some of the hits I've taken in the past", but was uninjured in the incident. Keselowski led the field to the green on the restart on lap 35, starting a lengthy green-flag run, before the race's second caution on lap 77, caused by Kyle Larson hitting the wall in turn 1. Joey Logano took the lead from teammate Keselowski during the cycle of pit stops.

Team Penske show
Logano led the field to the restart on lap 85, before Keselowski was able to retake the lead two laps later. Another lengthy green-flag run ensued, before debris forced the third caution of the race on lap 126. Prior to the caution, Matt Kenseth suffered a flat right-front tire, and had to pit from sixth position. Logano retook the lead during the pit cycle, while Jeff Gordon suffered a slow pit stop due to a malfunctioning air hose; he lost a total of 16 positions, dropping from 7th to 23rd. Logano and Keselowski swapped the lead positions once again, prior to the fourth caution, on lap 153, for a multi-car wreck on the backstretch involving Aric Almirola, Alex Bowman, Kasey Kahne and Jamie McMurray. Bowman locked up his brakes and tires, causing a large cloud of smoke that made it difficult for trailing cars to see what was in front of them. When the smoke cleared, Almirola swerved to his right to avoid Bowman, but in the process got into the left side of McMurray's car.

Second half

Final laps
The race restarted on lap 161 with Logano leading the field, but Keselowski was back in front a couple of laps later, holding the lead until the fifth caution on lap 176, which was brought out by David Stremme, who spun in turn 4. Logano took the lead on the restart on lap 182, but Keselowski repeated his feat of passing Logano within the first few laps of the restart. Aric Almirola brought out the sixth caution on lap 214 when he hit the wall in turn 1. Kyle Busch took the lead during the cycle; he was the only driver other than the Penske drivers to lead laps during the event, leading 31. Keselowski took the lead from Busch with 20 laps to go and took the checkered flag for the second time in 2014. Keselowski described his car as "awesome" and praised his team for doing a great job". Busch was pleased at his upturn in performance, stating that his car was "a lot better than we've been all year long", but that it had "got so loose there at the end". He was still able to finish in second place, just over a second behind Keselowski.

Race results

Race statistics

Media

Television

Radio

Standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

Note: Only the first sixteen positions are included for the driver standings.

Notes

References

Quaker State 400
Quaker State 400
Quaker State 400
NASCAR races at Kentucky Speedway


title: Zhang Guangjian

text:
Zhang Guangjian () (1864/1867 – 1938) was a Chinese politician of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican period. A native of Hefei, Anhui, he was the last Qing governor of Shandong, serving after the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution in the province until the establishment of the Republic of China. Under the Beiyang government, he served as military governor of Shandong and later in the province of Gansu. Zhang was supported by the Jahriyya Sufi Hui Muslim leader Ma Yuanzhang, while being opposed by Hui Muslim General Ma Fuxiang, with Ma Fuxiang basing his opposition to Zhang's governorship in Gansu on the fact that he was not a native of the province. Zhang enacted a monopoly over the wool trade in Gansu and started collecting taxes on it.

Bibliography

林世田・劉波「國家珍貴古籍特展：跨越千年的對話」《光明日報》中華讀書報, 2009.6.24.

References

1860s births
1938 deaths
Military governors of Shandong
Military governors of Gansu
Republic of China civil governors of Gansu
Qing Dynasty military commanders of Shandong
Qing dynasty governors of Shandong
Qing dynasty lieutenant governors of Shandong
Politicians from Hefei
Empire of China (1915–1916)


title: 1917 in China

text:
Events in the year 1917 in China.

Incumbents
President: Li Yuanhong
Vice President:
 Feng Guozhang (June 7, 1916 – July 1)
 position abolished on July 1st
Premier: Duan Qirui

Events
Warlord Era
July 1–12 — Manchu Restoration: An attempt by monarchist general Zhang Xun to restore the Qing Dynasty

Births
 April 26 – Ieoh Ming Pei, main architect of the Louvre Pyramid (d. 2019)

1910s in China