title: Jennie Patrick

text:
Jennie Patrick (born 1949) is an American chemical engineer and educator. As a high school student, she participated in the integration of Alabama's public schools. At Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, she became one of the first African American women in the United States to earn a doctorate in traditional chemical engineering. She went on to pioneer work on supercritical fluid extraction. Her educational work has focused on the mentoring of African American and female students.

Childhood
Jennie Patrick was born on January 1, 1949, to James and Elizabeth Patrick of Gadsden, Alabama, which she later described as "quite rural, very slow, just a typical southern town". She was the fourth of five children. Her father was a laborer, and her mother worked as a housekeeper. Neither had more than a sixth-grade education, but they believed that education was the way out of poverty and encouraged all their children to pursue formal education. They bought two sets of encyclopedias for their children, which Patrick read, along with books from the local public library.

Patrick describes herself as a very curious child. In an interview with Jeanette E. Brown, she explained: "[I] just wanted to understand why things were, and how things operated. Living in a rural setting allowed me to be very close to nature. The wonders of nature seemed to have fueled my desire even more so, to understand why things happened in a certain way."

Patrick's elementary and middle schools were segregated, but supportive. She was curious about how things worked and was very imaginative. She recalls that her fifth grade teacher, Mr. Anthony Knowledges, taught her math at a much higher level than her peers, and credits her sixth grade teacher, Mrs Pinkie Bridges, as an inspiration to "achieve anything I wanted".

In 1964, Patrick was one of a group of African American students who integrated the best public school in the city, Gadsden City High School after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. Patrick knew that she wanted to be a chemist by junior high school, so she was the first Black student to sign up for Gadsden High, which had the scientific equipment Patrick needed for scientific studies, unavailable in the local black schools. In an interview with Jeannette E. Brown, she explained: "I went to the school with one notion, and that was to get the best education I could possibly get."

While at Gadsden, Patrick experienced discrimination and abuse from both students and teachers, as well as protesters against integration. Some of her peers were beaten to the point of hospitalization. She said of her experiences, "The initial months were a living nightmare. The emotional, psychological, mental, and physical violence against us was difficult to comprehend." Her parents were supportive, though the families of Black students who enrolled in integrated schools had been threatened by the Ku Klux Klan. Of the eleven black students with whom she entered Gadsden, half left the school before graduation, and Patrick had to challenge the staff to be considered for college preparatory classes, the most difficult courses the school offered. She told Jeanette E. Brown: "I've always had the mental and emotional strength to be focused. And so, it was irrelevant to me whether or not they wanted me there or not. (...) I was more than willing to physically protect myself". Patrick graduated with honors in 1967. She was not allowed to join the National Honor Society because she was African American.

Education
Patrick was offered a scholarship to the University of California at Berkeley, her dream school. However, on her mother's wishes, Patrick initially studied closer to home, earning a scholarship at Tuskegee University (then called the Tuskegee Institute) in Alabama. There she majored in a short-lived program in chemical engineering. Though the Tuskegee Institute was a traditionally Black school, the head of the chemical engineering department was a white southern man, who was opposed to Patrick majoring in chemical engineering, and was 'nasty' with her. When that program collapsed, she transferred to Berkeley, but was no longer eligible for a scholarship. She worked for a year to pay her way through Berkeley, but even so had barely enough money to live on. She worked every summer, first as an assistant engineer at Dow, then at Stauffer Chemical Company. On the recommendation of Dr. Harry L. Morrison, one of her teachers, she was given a grant to pursue her studies. She graduated in 1973 with a B.Sc. in chemical engineering, the only African American female undergraduate and the first African American chemical engineering student at Berkeley in ten years. During her time at Berkeley, other students and faculty felt and expressed that she did not belong there, and even destroyed her work. She recalls a particular professor who would "spit on the floor in front of [her]" every time he entered the classroom, and purposefully tried to throw her off by leaning over her to stare at her during an exam. Patrick credits her experiences at Berkeley with helping her to develop mental toughness and independence.

She went on to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), to pursue a PhD (Sc.D.) in chemical engineering. Though she did not need a PhD to be an engineer, she "always wanted the highest education possible", and "felt like [she] would not have completed the process without doing so." MIT was one of the best schools in the United States for engineering studies. She also found MIT a more positive environment for black students in science and engineering; though the proportion of African American students at MIT was small, it was still higher than at other colleges in the country. Patrick enjoyed the tough and challenging atmosphere, and was a very dedicated student, working seven days a week. She studied thermodynamics, homogeneous nucleation, heat and mass transfer, and worked as a research assistant. Her advisor was Robert C. Reid, a world-renowned thermodynamicist, and her thesis topic dealt with nucleation phenomena. She graduated in 1979 with her Sc.D. in chemical engineering, the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in chemical engineering. The title of her dissertation was "Superheat-Limit Temperature for Non-ideal Liquid Mixtures and Pure Components". In it she examined superheating, in which a liquid is raised above its boiling temperature without becoming a vapor. She studied the temperature to which pure liquids and mixtures of liquids could be superheated.

Work
After graduation, Patrick joined the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York, where she worked as a research engineer for three and a half years. She helped develop a program in supercritical fluid extraction technology, a high pressure separation and purification technology, becoming one of the few experts in the field in the country.

She went on to head a new, state-of-the-art supercritical fluid extraction technology program and design a pilot plant at Philip Morris Research Center in Richmond, Virginia. There, she used the technology to extract the flavors and essence from tobacco.

In 1985, she became Manager of Fundamental Chemical Engineering Research at Rohm and Haas in Bristol, Pennsylvania, where in addition to her work on supercritical fluid extraction, she was involved in polymer science and emulsion technology research. She worked as a research section manager for five years, with both technical and managerial responsibilities Talking about her role at Rohm and Haas, she explained: "we really [were] the brain power for making sure that their plants ran well, making sure that we developed new technology in terms of process technologies for their facilities."

In 1990, she was made assistant to the vice president at Southern Company Services in Birmingham, Alabama, a position she held for three years

During this time, Patrick also served as an adjunct professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1982–1985) and at Georgia Institute of Technology (1983–1987).

In 1993, she moved from industry to academia, returning to Tuskegee Institute as a professor of chemical engineering, and as the first scientist to occupy the 3M Eminent Scholar's Chair at Tuskegee University. From 1993-1997 she was active both in research and in helping minority students interested in science and engineering. At Tuskegee, she developed a mentoring program for girls in science. She taught students strategies for survival in hostile environments. She lived in a dorm with honor students she had individually selected to mentor, "to give them exposure to someone mature". She explained: "Being here (at Tuskegee) provides me the opportunity to make a difference in the lives of students. I've been able to teach them and share many of my experiences with them – thus providing them hopefully with some insight into what the future may hold for them."

She left Tuskegee University in 1997, worked for three years as a technical consultant at Raytheon Engineers and Constructors in Birmingham, Alabama, and studied the education of urban children.

Patrick does not have many publications to show for her career, a fact she attributes to her career in industry, and the politics involved: "depending on who you are, even though your idea may be revolutionary, they may choose to take that idea, and shelve it. (...) They [can] take the decision never to give you recognition for that work."

During her career in the chemical industry, Patrick was exposed to many chemicals, which affected her health. In an interview with Jeanette E. Brown, she explained: "I became chemically ill by being exposed repeatedly in the chemical industry to extremely toxic chemicals that destroyed my immune system and destroyed the normal functions of my body". Since her retirement in 2000, Patrick has worked to establish the Environmental Wellness Institute to educate the public on environmental dangers. She founded Education and Environmental solutions in Peachtree City, Georgia, and still consults for them.

Awards
Patrick received the Outstanding Women in Science and Engineering Award from the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (NOBCChE) in 1980. She is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Sigma Xi, and NOBCChE.

In 1983, Patrick served as Principle in the Ciba-Geigy Exceptional Black Scientists Poster Program.

She was granted an Honorary Doctor of Science from Tuskegee University in 1984. That same year she received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women.

She was awarded the Presidential Citation from the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education in 1987, and made it into the World's Who's Who of Women in 1989.

She was presented with the William W. Grimes Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2000, and the Black Achievers in Chemical Engineering Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2008.

Personal life
During her career, Patrick found it very difficult to balance her work and her personal life and family, explaining: "I've always valued my family more than anything else, so if something had to be put on a back burner momentarily, it was my career or the work situation." One of the reasons Patrick moved back to Birmingham, Alabama, was to take care of her elderly parents.

Patrick married a physician and former practicing chemical engineer, whom she describes as her "very best friend" and "just a wonderful human being". Since her retirement, she enjoys gardening, her 'quiet time' to commune with nature.

To young scientists, she advises: "You need to know who you are, you need to be comfortable with yourself, you need to love yourself, and you need to respect yourself. Then everything else becomes secondary. Achieve the highest goals possible but don't allow achievements alone to define who you are. Make the decision early. Don't let material things or world recognition be your driving force."

References

1949 births
Living people
People from Gadsden, Alabama
Tuskegee University alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
American women chemists
21st-century American chemists
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American scientists
21st-century American women scientists


title: Battle of Bron yr Erw

text:
The Battle of Bron yr Erw was a battle fought at Clynnog Fawr, Wales, in 1075.

In 1075 the battle of Bron-yr-erw took place between Gruffydd ap Cynan and Trahaearn ap Caradog.
Source: Thomas Jones, The Chronicle of the Princes, 1955, p.29.
Gruffydd ap Cynan fought a battle at Bron yr Erw, near Clynnog, in 1075, which turned out disastrously for him and drove him back as an exile to Ireland, the land of his birth.
Source: Cambridge County Histories: Carnarvonshire, 1911; p. 89.
The battle is mentioned in J.E.Lloyd, A History of Wales, vol II, 1912, pp. 380 & 383.
B.A.Malaws, RCAHMW, 23 May 2006.

References

Sources

Bron yr Erw
Bron yr Erw
11th century in Wales
1075 in Europe


title: List of Aikatsu! albums

text:
This is a list of albums attributed to the Japanese anime and arcade series Aikatsu!.

Theme Song Singles

Signalize! / Calendar Girl
  is the theme song single of TV Anime Aikatsu!. It is released on November 21, 2012. The singers are Waka, Fūri, Sunao, and Risuko from Star☆Anis. The theme songs are used from Episode 1 until Episode 25 of the 1st Season.

Track listing
"Signalize!"
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition: Narasaki
Arrangement: Sadesper Record

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Signalize!" (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Diamond Happy / Hirari/Hitori/Kirari
  is the single for the anime's theme songs that were featured in the second half of the anime adaption's first season. This single contains 4 tracks with singers including Waka, Fūri, Sunao, Remi, Moe, Eri, Yuna, and Risuko from Star☆Anis and released on June 26, 2013 along with the mini album "Fourth Party!". The single also has ranked 19 on Oricon's weekly chart.

Track listing

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keiko Hoashi (Monaca)
 (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Kira☆Power / Original Star☆彡
  is the theme song single for the second season of TV Anime Aikatsu!. The single contains 4 tracks with singers including Waka, Fūri, Sunao, Risuko, Remi, Moe, Eri and Yuna from STAR☆ANIS. It is released on October 23, 2013, a launching event also has been held on October 27, 2013 at Tōkyō LaQua. The CD also achieved 10th ranking on Oricon's weekly chart.

Track listing
"Kira☆Power"
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Kira☆Power" (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Shining Line* / Precious
  is the new theme song single for the second season of TV Anime Aikatsu!. The single contains 4 tracks with singers including Waka, Fūri, Risuko, Yuna and Mona from STAR☆ANIS. It was released on April 30, 2014.

Track listing
"Shining Line*"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"Precious"
Lyrics: Junsara Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)
"Shining Line*" (Off Vocal)
"Precious" (Off Vocal)

Du-Du-Wa Do It!! / Good morning my dream
  is the new theme song single for the third season of TV Anime Aikatsu!. The single contains 6 tracks with singers including Waka from STAR☆ANIS and Ruka, Mona and Miki from AIKATSU☆STARS!. It is set to be released on October 22, 2014.

Track listing
"Du-Du-Wa Do It!!"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kengo Minamida
"Good morning my dream"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Junko Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Du-Du-Wa Do It!!" (Off Vocal)
"Good morning my dream" (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Lovely Party Collection / Tutu Ballerina
  is the new theme song single for the third season of TV Anime Aikatsu!. The single contains 4 tracks with singers including Ruka, Mona and Miki from AIKATSU☆STARS!. It is set to be released on April 29, 2015.

Track listing
"Lovely Party Collection"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Masaaki Ishihara/Yusuke Naruse
"Lovely Party Collection" (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Start Dash Sensation / lucky train!
  is the new theme song single for the fourth season of TV Anime Aikatsu!. The single contains 4 tracks with singers including Ruka, Mona and Miki from AIKATSU☆STARS!. It is set to be released on October 28, 2015.

Track listing
"Start Dash Sensation"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"lucky train!"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition: Ryota Nakano [中野領太]
Arrangement: Integral Clover (agehasprings)
"Start Dash Sensation" (Off Vocal)
"lucky train!" (Off Vocal)

Concept/Insert Song Singles

First Live!
  is the first single from audition songs released on December 26, 2012. The singers are Waka, Fūri, Sunao, Risuko, and Remi from Star☆Anis.

Track listing

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Move on Now!"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Angel Snow"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
 (Off Vocal)
"Move on Now!" (Off Vocal)
"Angel Snow" (Off Vocal)

Second Show!
  is the second single from audition songs released on January 31, 2013. The singers are Waka, Fūri, and Sunao from Star☆Anis.

Track listing
"Growing for a dream"
Lyrics: Yoshifumi Kochi
Composition: Hiroshi Imai
Arrangement: Masazumi Ozawa
"prism spiral"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Trap of Love"
Lyrics: Nana （Make Flow, Inc.）
Composition: Kenichi Mori
Arrangement: Masazumi Ozawa
"Growing for a dream" (Off Vocal)
"prism spiral" (Off Vocal)
"Trap of Love" (Off Vocal)

Third Action!
  is the third single from audition songs released on February 27, 2013. The singers are Sunao, Risuko, and Moe from Star☆Anis.

Track listing

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Thrilling Dream"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Keiko Hoashi (Monaca)
 (Off Vocal)
"Thrilling Dream" (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)

Hi・Ka・Ri Shining♪
  is Hikari Minowa's debut CD prior to her debut as an official supporter of Aikatsu! Official Shop. The single contains 9 tracks with singers including Yuniko and Sunao from STAR☆ANIS. The CD was released on December 14, 2013.

Track listing
【ShortSize】
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
【ShortSize】
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
【ShortSize】
Lyrics: Nana （Make Flow, Inc.）
Composition: Kenichi Mori
Arrangement: Masazumi Ozawa
【ShortSize】
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
 【ShortSize】
 Off Vocal 【ShortSize】
"Kira☆Power" Off Vocal 【ShortSize】
"Trap of Love" Off Vocal 【ShortSize】
 OFF VOCAL 【ShortSize】

Cool Mode
  is the second CD release of the 2014 Series. The single contains 6 tracks with singers including Waka, Fūri, Sunao and Yuna from STAR☆ANIS. The single was released on December 21, 2013.

Track listing

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"We wish you a merry Christmas Aikatsu Ver."
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kei'ichi Okabe (Monaca)
 (Off Vocal)
 (Off Vocal)
"We wish you a merry Christmas Aikatsu Ver." (Off Vocal)

Sexy Style
  is the third CD release of the 2014 Series. The single contains 6 tracks with singers including Waka, Sunao, Remi and Yuna from STAR☆ANIS. The single will be released on February 26, 2014.

Track listing
"Kira・pata・shining"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: PandaBoy

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kuniyuki Takahashi (Monaca)
"Dance in the rain"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Beautiful Song
  is the first CD release of the 2015 Series. The single contains 6 tracks with singers including Ruka, Mona, Miki and Miho from AIKATSU☆STARS!. The single will be released on February 25, 2015.

Track listing

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: NARASAKI
"Passion flower"
Lyrics: Hitomi Otsuka
Composition/Arrangement: Ryota Nakano/Kouichiro Takahashi

Lyrics: SINBYI
Composition/Arrangement: Kazuhiro Higure/Kengo Minamida
 (off vocal)
"Passion flower" (off vocal)
 (off vocal)

Albums

Fourth Party!
  is the first mini album of the series Aikatsu!. This album contains 8 tracks performed by Waka, Fūri, Sunao, Remi, Moe, Eri, Yuna, and Risuko from Star☆Anis, Risa, and Eimi and released on June 26, 2013 along with "Diamond Happy / Hirari/Hitori/Kirari" Single.

Track listing
"fashion check!"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"Take Me Higher"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Ryuichi Takada (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Ryuichi Takada (MONACA)
"Wake up my music"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kei'ichi Okabe (Monaca)
"Moonlight destiny"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Calendar Girls
  is the first best album of the Aikatsu! series, the album released on April 9, 2014 and will contain the songs that are yet to be contained on the released CDs. The album also reached 2nd position on Oricon's daily chart on its release day.

Track listing
▼ disc - 1
"Signalize!"
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition: Narasaki
Arrangement: Sadesper Record

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Growing for a dream"
Lyrics: Yoshifumi Kochi
Composition: Hiroshi Imai
Arrangement: Masazumi Ozawa
"prism spiral"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Nana （Make Flow, Inc.）
Composition: Kenichi Mori
Arrangement: Masazumi Ozawa

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Ryuichi Takada (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)
"Take Me Higher"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Kenta Harada
Composition: Takayuki Sakamoto
Arrangement: Rey

▼ disc - 2

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"Thrilling Dream"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Ryuichi Takada (Monaca)
"Angel Snow"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"fashion check!"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kei'ichi Okabe (Monaca)
"Moonlight destiny"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Pop Assort
  is the second mini album of the series Aikatsu!. This album contains 8 tracks performed by Waka, Fūri, Remi, Eri, Risuko, Mona, and Ruka from Star☆Anis, and released on June 25, 2014. This is the first CD release to have songs performed by new Star☆Anis members Ruka and Mona.

Track listing

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani
"CHU-CHU♥RAINBOW"
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Kei'ichi Hirokawa (Monaca)
"Sweet Sp!ce"
Lyrics: Tsuji Junsara
Composition/Arrangement: oriori

Lyrics: tom.m
Composition: Kengo Minamida
Arrangement: Integral Clover

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Ayako Nakanomori, Kikomaru
Composition: Ayako Nakanomori
Arrangement: Ayako Nakanomori, uuiuui (Foster Sound)

Cute Look
  is the third mini album of the series Aikatsu!. This album contains 8 tracks performed by Waka, Fūri, Remi, Eri, Yuna, Risuko, and Mona from Star☆Anis, and released on September 24, 2014.

Track listing

Lyrics: Tsuji Junsara
Composition/Arrangement: Sho Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Hayashi
Composition/Arrangement: Yuusuke Naruse
"stranger alien"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keiichi Okabe (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

Lyrics: Reika Kanda
Composition/Arrangement: Shogo Onishi

Lyrics: Natsumi Watanabe
Composition/Arrangement: Masashi Hamauzu

Lyrics: Mami Yamada
Composition: Keisuke Yamazaki
Arrangement: Kengo Minamida

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Sho Ishihama (Monaca)

Shining Star
  is the second best album of the Aikatsu! series, the album released on February 11, 2015. The album also reached 2nd position on Oricon's daily chart on its release day.

Track listing
▼ disc - 1
"Kira☆Power"
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kuniyuki Takahashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Hayashi
Composition/Arrangement: Yusuke Naruse

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

Lyrics: tom.m
Composition/Arrangement: Kengo Minamida/Integral Clover
"stranger alien"
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keiichi Okabe (Monaca)
"Dance in the rain"
Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

▼ disc - 2

Lyrics: Junko Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"Sweet Sp!ce"
Lyrics: Junko Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: oriori

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: PandaBoY

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)
"CHU-CHU♡RAINBOW"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Keiichi Hirokawa (Monaca)

Lyrics: Natsumi Watanabe
Composition/Arrangement: Masashi Hamauzu

Lyrics: Leo Kanda
Composition/Arrangement: Shogo Ohnishi

Lyrics: uRy
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

Lyrics: Junko Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

Lyrics: Mami Yamada
Composition/Arrangement: Keisuke Yamasaki/Kengo Minamida
"Shining Line* ~All Stars Ver.~"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

Joyful Dance
  is the four mini album of the series Aikatsu!. Released on June 24, 2015.

Track listing
"Pretty Pretty"
Lyrics: Natsumi Watanabe
Composition/Arrangement: connie
"Blooming♡Blooming"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Keiichi Hirokawa (Monaca)
"MY SHOW TIME!"
Lyrics: Tomohiro Akiura
Composition: Tomoyoshi Suzuki
Arrangement: Integral Clover

Lyrics: tzk
Composition: Keisuke Yamasaki
Arrangement: Yusuke Naruse

Lyrics: Junko Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"Poppin' Bubbles"
Lyrics: AM42
Composition/Arrangement: mito

Lyrics: Ayumi Tamura
Composition/Arrangement: Narasaki

Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)
"Pretty Pretty" (off vocal)
"Blooming♡Blooming" (off vocal)
"MY SHOW TIME!" (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
"Poppin' Bubbles" (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
 (off vocal)

Colorful Smile
  is the fifth mini album of the series Aikatsu!. Released on August 26, 2015.

Track listing
"Hey! little girl"
Lyrics: Ayako Nakanomori, KIKOMARU
Composition/Arrangement: Ayako Nakanomori
"Chica×Chica"
Lyrics: Izumi Soratani [空谷泉身]
Composition/Arrangement: Yusuke Naruse (onetrap)

Lyrics: tzk
Composition: Tomohiro Akiura [秋浦智裕]
Arrangement: Yusuke Naruse (onetrap)

Lyrics: Hiroyuki Onoda (Hifumi)
Composition/Arrangement: fu_mou (Hifumi)
"Sweet Heart Restaurant"
Lyrics: Hitomi Otsuka [大塚ひとみ]
Composition: Tomohiro Akiura
Arrangement: Hiroaki Yokoyama (agehasprings)

Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: kensuke ushio

Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Watchman
"Lovely Party Collection (Stars! ver.)"
Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)
"Hey! little girl" (off vocal)
"Chica×Chica" (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
"Sweet Heart Restaurant" (off vocal)
 (off vocal)
 (off vocal)

Wonderful Tour

 Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Takao Nagatani

 Lyrics: Genmai
Composition/Arrangement: Shōgo Ōnishi

 Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition: Narasaki
Arrangement: Watchman
 "Love Game"
 Lyrics: Sinbyi
 Composition: Ryota Nakano
 Arrangement: Shōgo Ōnishi (agehasprings)

 Lyrics: Saori Codama
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama

 Lyrics: tom.m
Composition: Keisuke Yamazaki
Arrangement: Yusuke Naruse (onetrap)

 Lyrics: Junsara Tsuji
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi
  (Bonus Track 1)
  (off vocal)
  (off vocal)
  (off vocal)
 "LOVE GAME" (off vocal)
  (off vocal)
  (off vocal)
  (off vocal)
  (off vocal) (Bonus Track 2)

Original Soundtracks

Aikatsu! Music!! 01
  is the first Original Soundtrack of Aikatsu! TV Anime Series. The CD was released on September 25, 2013.

Track listing
"Signalize!" （TV-size）
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition: NARASAKI
Arrangement: SADESPER RECORD

（TV-size）
Lyrics: Aki Hata
Composition/Arrangement: Kakeru Ishihama (Monaca)

（TV-size）
Lyrics: Natsumi Tadano
Composition/Arrangement: Keigo Hoashi (Monaca)

（TV-size）
Lyrics: Saori Kodama
Composition/Arrangement: Hidekazu Tanaka (Monaca)

（TV-size）
Lyrics: Professor Mizushima
Composition/Arrangement: Kuniyuki Takahashi (Monaca)
（TV-size）
Lyrics: Kenta Harada
Composition: Takayuki Sakamoto
Arrangement: Rey

Music Composed by Monaca
Hidekazu Tanaka [Track 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 21, 22, 27, 31]
Kei'ichi Okabe [Track 6, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 28]
Kakeru Ishihama [Track 10, 13, 14, 18, 23, 26, 29, 30, 36]
Keigo Hoashi [Track 9, 11, 32, 34, 35, 38]
Ryuichi Takada [Track 24, 25]

Works based on Bandai Namco video games
Lists of albums
Anime soundtracks
Lantis (company) soundtracks
Albums


title: Josephine Silone Yates

text:
Josephine Silone Yates (1852 or November 15, 1859 – September 3, 1912) was an American professor, writer, public speaker, and activist. She trained in chemistry and became one of the first black professors hired at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. Upon her promotion, she became the first black woman to head a college science department. She may have been the first black woman to hold a full professorship at any U.S. college or university.

Yates also made significant contributions to journalism (sometimes under the pseudonym Mrs. R. K. Potter) and the overall social mobility of black women. For example, she was a correspondent for the Woman's Era (the first monthly magazine published by black women in the United States). She wrote for other newspapers and magazines, as well, including Omaha, Nebraska's Enterprise.

Yates was a major figure in the African-American women's club movement. She was instrumental in establishing women's clubs for African-American women because she helped found and was the first president of the Kansas City Colored Women's League (1893), and was the second president of the National Association of Colored Women (1900–04).

Early life and education
Josephine Silone's birth is given variously as 1852 and November 15, 1859. She was the second daughter of Alexander and Parthenia Reeve Silone in Mattituck, New York. During her childhood, Silone and her family lived with her maternal grandfather, Lymas Reeves, who had been freed from slavery in 1813.

Silone started school at the age of six, and was rapidly advanced by her teachers. In fact "at the age of nine, she reportedly studied physiology and physics and possessed advanced mathematical ability. At the age of nine, Silone submitted "a story for publication to a New York weekly magazine. Though the article was rejected for publication, she received a letter of encouragement, which increased her ambition to succeed."

Silone's uncle, Reverend John Bunyan Reeve, was the pastor of the Lombard Street Central Church in Philadelphia. At the age of 11, she went to live with him so that she could attend the Institute for Colored Youth. There she was mentored by its director, Fanny Jackson Coppin. The next year, Rev. Reeve moved to Howard University, and as a result, Josephine went to live in Newport, Rhode Island with her maternal aunt, Francis I. Girard. There, she attended grammar school and later Rogers High School. Yates was the only black student at both, but was well received by her teachers due to her academic prowess. Her science teacher considered her his brightest pupil and enabled her to do additional laboratory work in chemistry. As the first black student to graduate from Rogers High School, Josephine graduated as valedictorian of the class of 1877 and received a medal for scholarship.

Silone chose to attend the Rhode Island State Normal School in Providence to become a teacher, rather than pursue a university career. She graduated with honors in 1879, the only black student in her class. She was the first African American certified to teach in the schools of Rhode Island and later earned a master's degree from the National University of Illinois.

Teaching

In 1879, Josephine Silone moved to Jefferson City, Missouri, to work as one of the first black teachers at Lincoln University. President Inman Edward Page considered it essential to replace the previously white faculty with black teachers, as role models for the school's African-American students. The teachers lived on campus in the dormitories with the students. Josephine taught chemistry, elocution, and English literature. Upon her promotion to head of the natural science department, she became the first black woman to head a college science department and the first black woman to hold a full professorship at any U.S. college or university.

In 1886, she was offered the position of "lady-principal" at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama led by Booker T. Washington. She declined.

Josephine Silone Yates was clear about her purpose in teaching. In a 1904 essay, she wrote: "The aim of all true education is to give to body and soul all the beauty, strength, and perfection of which they are capable, to fit the individual for complete living."

Marriage and family
In 1889, Josephine Silone married William Ward Yates. Many schools prohibited married women from teaching, and upon her marriage, Josephine Silone gave up her teaching position at Lincoln. She moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where her husband was the principal of Phillips School. Her daughter Josephine Silone Yates, Jr. was born in 1890. Her son William Blyden Yates was born in 1895.

Mrs. R.K. Potter
In Kansas City, Yates became active in the African-American women's club movement. She was a correspondent for the Woman's Era (the first monthly magazine published by black women in the United States), and also wrote for the Southern Workman, The Voice of the Negro, the Indianapolis Freeman, and the Kansas City Rising Son, under her own name and the pseudonym "R. K. Porter". Racial uplift was one of many topics she spoke and wrote about. She was identified as an exemplar of her race and included as one of 100 of "America's greatest Negroes" in Twentieth Century Negro Literature; or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics Relating to the American Negro in 1902. Her paper addressed the question "Did the American Negro make, in the nineteenth century, achievements along the lines of wealth, morality, education, etc., commensurate with his opportunities? If so, what achievements did he make?" She published poetry, including "The Isles of Peace," "The Zephyr," and "Royal To-Day."

The Women's Club movement

Josephine Silone Yates helped to found the Women's League of Kansas City, an organization for the self-help and social betterment for African-American women, and became its first president in 1893. In 1896, the Women's League joined the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), a federation of similar clubs from around the country. Silone Yates served with the NACW for four years as the treasurer or vice-president (1897 to 1901) and for four years as president (1901 to 1904). By 1911, she had helped found the first black Young Women's Christian Association in Kansas City.

A testament to her accomplishments and acclaim is in a speech presented by Anna Julia Cooper in 1893 at the World's Congress of Representative Women in Chicago:

Later life
In 1902, she was recalled by the president of Lincoln Institute to serve as the head of the department of English and history. In 1908 she requested to resign due to illness, but the board of regents did not accept, and she stayed on as the advisor to women at Lincoln. Her husband died in 1910, after which Josephine Silone Yates chose to return to Kansas City. She died on September 3, 1912, after a short illness.

See also
Timeline of women in science

References

Further reading

External links

Josephine Silone Yates

1850s births
1912 deaths
People from Mattituck, New York
Rhode Island College alumni
American women chemists
Presidents of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
19th-century American women scientists
American women academics
African-American women academics
19th-century American chemists
19th-century American educators
Scientists from New York (state)
Chemists from Missouri
19th-century American women educators
20th-century African-American academics
20th-century American academics
19th-century African-American scientists
20th-century African-American women
Chemists from New York (state)


title: The Fundamentals (album)

text:
The Fundamentals is the eleventh studio album by American rapper Juvenile. The album was released on February 18, 2014, by Rap-A-Lot Records.

Critical response

The Fundamentals was met with mixed reviews from music critics. Steven Goldstein of HipHopDX gave the album two out of five stars, saying "Even with the new attention it’s receiving, The Fundamentals is forgettable at best." Max Goldberg of XXL gave the album an M, saying "Ultimately, the album’s title feels ironic. The Fundamentals struggles because Juvenile failed to tap into the skills that made him so exciting back in the day." David Jeffries of AllMusic gave the album three out of four stars, saying "With enough hooks to fill a bait shop, Juvenile's 11th studio effort does cross the finish line with the required amount of highlights to recommend to fans."

Track listing

Charts

References

2014 albums
Juvenile (rapper) albums
Rap-A-Lot Records albums


title: Lawrence, Utah

text:
Lawrence is an unincorporated community in northwestern Emery County, Utah, United States.

History
Lawrence was founded circa 1883 as a Mormon farming community. It formerly had its own post office and church, but the church was demolished in the 1950s. Sometimes called "Stakerville", Lawrence was named after Lawrence Staker.

See also

References

Unincorporated communities in Emery County, Utah
Unincorporated communities in Utah


title: Susana Agüero

text:
Susana Agüero (1944– March 26, 2012) was an Argentine ballet dancer who also danced in musicals and shows. She took a number of leading roles and worked for six years in France.

Biography
Agüero was born in Buenos Aires. She trained at the Instituto Superior de Arte at the Teatro Colón (Columbus Theatre) which is the capital's main opera house. Her teachers included Gema Castillo, Michel Borowsky, María Ruanova, Adolfo Andrade and Serge Golovine. She soon became a soloist. Among her most important roles were Odette in Swan Lake and the Lilac Fairy in The Sleeping Beauty. She also danced in Wolfgang Fortner's Movements and Serge Lifar's Suite en blanc. She performed as étoile for the Chilean National Ballet. In the 1970s, she became first soloist with the Lyon Opera Ballet. She spent six years in France before she returned to Argentina, suffering from poor eyesight — but the problem was soon rectified. She also played in the musical A Chorus Line and in the Argentine show La Botica del Ángel, demonstrating her ability to extend her talents beyond classical ballet.

In Argentina she worked again at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires. She worked under Oscar Araiz who led their choreography. The theatre particularly remember that in 1978 she successfully stepped into the role of Swan Lake at the last minute after lead Maya Plisetskaya did not appear.

Assessment
Susana Agüero died in Buenos Aires on 26 March 2012. "She was the first Odette I ever experienced," commented choreographer Alejandro Cervera. "I remember her as a very beautiful and tremendously charming and entertaining ballerina." She defined herself as a lifelong dancer. At the time of her death, Teatro Colón's Clarín mentioned her fine, personalized dancing, her flexibility and her willingness to breach the bounds of academic ballet.

References

1944 births
2012 deaths
Argentine ballerinas
Dancers from Buenos Aires


title: BSK Defense

text:
BSK Defense was the successor of Velos O.E., a company established in 1982, producing a series of aerial target and aerial observation products used by foreign companies and armed forces. The current company was founded in Chania, Crete, in 2008. It focused on design, development and production of defense systems, including UAVs (Phaeton, Ideon, Kyon, Erevos), USVs (Seirios 65 and 95), target drones (Nemesis, (H)Yperion, Panas), electronics, and UAV engines.

In 2010, it started development of a cruise missile type HSC-1 Makedon in cooperation with other Greek companies, including Axon Engineering (which undertook parts of the engine development). The missile was designed to be  long, weigh 1050 kg and reach a maximum speed of 1100 km/h. The project was eventually cancelled, due to Greece's drastically reduced defense budgets.
The company was also involved in engine development, including the VRJ-230A jet engine, employed in its Nemesis B Target system.

BSK Defense went out of business in 2018.

External links
 Company website
 L.S. Skartsis, "Greek Vehicle & Machine Manufacturers 1800 to present: A Pictorial History", Marathon (2012)  (eBook)
 BSK Defense in Greek Defense Companies index
 Report about BSK Defense in PTISI magazine
 BSK Defense Makedon project
 BSK Defense Makedon project (STRATIGIKI magazine)
 Nemesis B Target System

Aircraft manufacturers of Greece
Defence companies of Greece


title: Widow-and-orphan stock

text:
In stock markets, a widow-and-orphan stock is one that reliably provides a regular dividend while also yielding a slow but steady rise in market value over the long term.

Investors
This type of stock has traditionally been an attractive investment for retirees—in some cases actually widows—as well as for professional investors managing trust funds for orphans.

The term serves to denote mostly passive small investors in contrast to wealthy individuals and professional investors who tend to play a more active role and seek greater returns.

References

External links
The Sovereign Investor
Technical Analysis Of Stocks

Investment
Stock market
Equity securities


The 42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War.

History
The 42nd Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Great Britain on 10 June 1915. It disembarked in France on 9 October 1915, where it fought as part of the 7th Canadian Brigade, 3rd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.

The 42nd Battalion recruited in and was mobilized at Montreal.

The 42nd Battalion had five Officers Commanding:
Lt-Col. G.S. Cantlie, 10 June 1915 – 24 December 1916
Maj. R.L.H. Ewing, 24 December 1916 – 2 January 1917
Maj. S.C. Norsworthy, 2 January 1917 – 6 April 1917
Lt-Col. B. McLennan, DSO, 6 April 1917 – 3 August 1918
Lt-Col. R.L.H. Ewing, DSO, MC, 3 August 1918-Demobilization

One member of the 42nd Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Private (later Lieutenant) Thomas Dinesen was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 12 August 1918 at Parvillers, France.

The novelist Will R. Bird was a member of the battalion, and wrote two books of memoirs on his war experiences: And We Go On and Ghosts Have Warm Hands.

Battle Honours
The 42nd Battalion was awarded the following battle honours:
MOUNT SORREL
SOMME, 1916
Flers-Courcelette
Ancre Heights
ARRAS, 1917, '18
Vimy, 1917
Arleux
HILL 70
Ypres 1917
Passchendaele
AMIENS
SCARPE '18
HINDENBURG LINE
Canal du Nord
PURSUIT TO MONS
FRANCE AND FLANDERS, 1915-18

Perpetuation
The 42nd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF, is perpetuated by The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada.

See also

 List of infantry battalions in the Canadian Expeditionary Force

References

Sources

Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919 by Col. G.W.L. Nicholson, CD, Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, 1962

042
Military units and formations of Quebec
Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada


title: Génesis Carmona

text:
Génesis Cristina Carmona Tovar (20 September 1991 – 19 February 2014) was a Venezuelan fashion model, beauty queen, and college student who was killed while protesting against the Government of Venezuela during the 2014 Venezuelan protests. She later became a symbol of protest against the Nicolás Maduro government during the time of demonstrations in the country.

Career
Born and educated in Carabobo, Carmona majored in Social Studies at Universidad Tecnológica del Centro, a local polytechnic located in Valencia's eastern satellite Alianza City, in the metropolitan capital region of the state of Carabobo in Venezuela.

She had initially participated in fashion events held in the city of Valencia, such as Venezuela Moda and Fashion Week Valencia. In 2010, she was a pre-candidate for Miss Venezuela 2010, though she did not qualify to participate in the pageant. In 2013, as a 21-year-old, she entered a regional beauty contest for her native state of Carabobo, winning one of the titles and being crowned 2013 Miss Turismo Carabobo.

Death

Protest

On 18 February 2014, Carmona participated in an anti-government demonstration. Protesters, dressed in white, planned to march down Cedeño Avenue to the Plaza de Toros. The march encountered military barricades and prevented the hundreds of demonstrators from advancing, with participants deciding to protest in the space in which they were confined. At 3:30pm, pro-government colectivos arrived on the scene and began to attack the protest with "[b]ottles, stones and gunfire". As shots rang out, individuals scattered into Cedeño Mall, seeking shelter from bullets.

The attack resulted in several opposition protesters injured, 8 of those injured from gunshot wounds, including Carmona, who suffered a gunshot wound to the back of the head. Witnesses described that she sunk to the ground after a bullet penetrated her left occipital skull area.

Carmona was then placed in the ICU. A day later on 19 February at 12:15 p.m, she died from "significant" brain damage due to gunshot trauma and loss of blood the following day. Dr. Carlos Rosales explained that the bullet was still in Carmona's brain and that if she had survived, she would have been blind.

Aftermath

Media and family response
In an interview with Spanish newspaper ABC, Carmona's friend and fellow protester Héctor Rotunda said Carmona was shot when a group of about 50 individuals outfitted in red (and thus believed to be government supporters) approached the demonstration and fired a burst of about 10 rounds at protesters. Mourners at Carmona's funeral stated she was "killed by government mercenaries."  Some foreign news sources said that pro-government paramilitaries were the ones who shot and killed her. Carmona's mother has also stated that the attackers were clearly identifiable in videos as Venezuelan government supporters and that Venezuelan authorities did "nothing" to clarify Carmona's death.

Some have blamed Francisco Ameliach for Carmona's death. Days before Carmona was killed, the governor of the state of Carabobo, Francisco Ameliach, called on Unidades de Batalla Bolívar-Chávez (Units of Battle Hugo Chávez, UBCh), in a tweet, asking UBCh to launch a rapid counterattack against protesters saying that the order would come from the President of the National Assembly, Diosdado Cabello. After Carmona's death, Venezuela's anti-government protesters placed posters in various areas of Valencia, condemning Ameliach's tweet and linked it to the killing of Carmona.

Venezuelan government's response

The President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, expressed his condolences to Carmona's family and to the people who loved her. Minister of the Interior, Miguel Rodríguez Torres, reported that the bullet that killed her came from her own ranks during the anti-government march.

Only one PSUV member, Juan Maza, was placed on parole, having to report every 15 days. However, as of 18 February 2017, three years after Carmona's death, the Venezuelan has never resolved the case surrounding her death.

Eponyms
Mayor Alejandro Feo La Cruz paid tribute to those who had died during protests in Carabobo, naming an avenue "Génesis Carmona Avenue" and named a park after another protester, Geraldin Moreno.

Family's asylum
In December 2014, Carmona's mother, María Eugenia Tovar, as well as her sister, Alejandra Carmona, moved to the United States seeking asylum. As of February 2017, the family has remained private, residing in the United States.

See also
Bassil Da Costa

References

External links
 Newspaper gallery of 15 pictures, from 18 February 2014 in Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela, including pictures of Carmona being ferried to the hospital on a motorcycle, and thereafter being wheeled on a stretcher, Gazeta.pl, Wiadomośći (News) section, (Warsaw, Poland), 20 February 2014; last accessed 20 February 2014 (in Polish)

1991 births
2014 deaths
Murdered Venezuelan students
People murdered in Venezuela
Venezuelan beauty pageant winners
Venezuelan female models
Female murder victims
2014 murders in Venezuela
Deaths by firearm in Venezuela
2014 Venezuelan protests
Protest-related deaths


title: Jean Landry (ice hockey)

text:
Jean Landry (born June 14, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He was selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the second round (28th overall) of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft, and was also drafted by the Quebec Nordiques in the fourth round (42nd overall) of the 1973 WHA Amateur Draft.

Career statistics

Awards and honours

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Charlotte Checkers (SHL) players
Cincinnati Swords players
French Quebecers
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Montreal
Johnstown Jets players
Quebec Nordiques (WHA) draft picks
Quebec Remparts players
Roanoke Valley Rebels (SHL) players
Tidewater Sharks players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States


title: Michael DeForge

text:
Michael DeForge (born 1987) is a Canadian comics artist and illustrator.

Biography
DeForge grew up in Ottawa and attended the University of Toronto, dropping out after two years. He lives and works in Toronto.

According to DeForge, he has "always been drawing cartoons" and learned to read and draw from his parents' comic strip collections such as Bloom County, Far Side, Peanuts and  Calvin and Hobbes. He has described Peanuts as his all-time favorite cartoon strip. He read and tried to draw in the style of superhero comics until junior high and high school. He has described his early comics as "just these dinky revenge cartoons" in response to having been "picked on a lot growing up". In high school he realized that drawing could be a vocation and started drawing gig posters, initially in exchange for free entrance to concerts until he started charging for his work. He became interested in the work of Marc Bell (which he saw for first time in Exclaim!) and Matt Brinkman and has described Chester Brown's I Never Liked You as his "introduction to alternative comics". He also cites Chloe Lum and Yannick Desranleau's Seripop work as strongly affecting how he wanted to draw for some time. Artists that he cites as having been important during formative points in his life include Hideshi Hino, Jack Kirby, Derek Jarman, Eduardo Muñoz Bachs, Prince, Mary Blair, Saul Steinberg and Mark Newgarden.

DeForge worked as a designer for Cartoon Network's Adventure Time. He has described his work as a "props and effects designer" with "odd bits of storyboard work, character design and concept art" and "the best day job I could have ever asked for".

Work
DeForge had been an active member of the regional Toronto comics scene for several years before his Cave Adventure webcomic and the first issue of Lose brought wider exposure. He has said that attending the 2009 Toronto Comic Arts Festival (TCAF) and seeing all the work at the festival provided him with the impetus to make his own comic series, Lose. He also met Annie Koyama, who became his publisher, at that festival. Before the 2009 TCAF, DeForge had been experimenting with a variety of short comics and strips. He has described Lose as his first "real" comic.

Lose #1, the first issue of his "one-man anthology series", published by Koyama Press in 2009, won "Best Emerging Talent" at the 2010 Doug Wright Awards. Lose #2, published by Koyama in 2010,  was nominated in the 2011 Doug Wright Awards "Best Book" category. All but the last 3 pages of the 24 page comic features DeForge's story It's Chip, described by Koyama as "a stand alone horror comic about two children and the monsters they find in the woods". Rob Clough, writing in his High-Low column in The Comics Journal, described it as combining "sibling rivalry and family/school dynamics with weird anthropomorphic cuteness with some truly disgusting, repulsive images", a "tremendous success" and "a story I'd point to if asked to name truly successful and innovative Fusion comics". DeForge has said that "Fusion comics", a term coined by Frank Santoro to describe a cartooning style that fuses influences from a variety of sources such as alternative comics, genre comics, manga and animation, is an appropriate way to describe some of his comics but it's not something he sets out to achieve when working on a comic.

Spotting Deer (2010), a 12-page full-colour comic described by DeForge as documenting "the biology and behavioural patterns of a fictional species of slug called the 'Spotting Deer,' who are deer-shaped and deer-sized and populate most Canadian cities", won the 2011 Pigskin Peters Award for best non-narrative or experimental work. The comic was developed from the initial idea of "formatting it like an encyclopedia entry".

The third issue of DeForge's Lose series was published by Koyama in 2011 and debuted at the 2011 TCAF. DeForge's work won the 2011 Ignatz Award for "Outstanding Comic" and was nominated for the "Outstanding Artist" and "Outstanding Series" awards. Lose #3 also received a nomination for the Doug Wright Award for "Best Book". The issue included the 3 page Improv Night, the main story Dog 2070, Manananggal and some Ant Story strips.

In 2011, Study Group Magazine issue #1 included DeForge's Riders comic. Deforge's 2 page comic Young People was included in Marvel's Strange Tales II (Strange Tales MAX #2) anthology for non-mainstream comics writers and artists, published under the MAX imprint. ComicsAlliance described it as a story where "teenage superheroes flee the scene when powers they can’t fully control melt one of their teammates into a puddle of sentient water". "Comics", a two-page spread of assorted comics edited by Alvin Buenaventura's in the print edition of The Believer has included DeForge's Titters strip since 2011. Frank Santoro's Riff Raff column in The Comics Journal included DeForge's Intermission Funnies, a weekly gag strip, from August to December 2011. DeForge's four-part serial Rescue Pet was published in the quarterly magazine Maisonneuve's 2011 issues. Mothers News have published Deforge's monthly strip, Military Prison, since November 2011. DeForge has described the strip as his "Wizard of Id fan fiction". Abbey Loafer, a monthly strip, was published in Offerings, a "non-profit, volunteer-based monthly newspaper that covers Toronto's fringe music and arts scene", from December 2011 until July 2013.

DeForge self-published Open Country #1 in May 2011 and issue #2 in fall 2011. Originally planned as a five-part series, DeForge abandoned it "midway through, destroyed all the artwork for and then threw away all the unsold copies".

DeForge has collaborated with Ryan Sands on a number of projects. In 2010, they co-edited Prison for Bitches, described by DeForge as "a Lady Gaga tribute zine full of artwork, writing, and comics". In 2011 and 2012, they co-edited the three issues of Thickness, "an anthology of erotic comics" published by Youth in Decline. Thickness #1 featured work by Katie Skelly, Jonny Negron, Ze Jian Shen, Derek Ballard, True Chubbo. Thickness #2 featured work by Angie Wang, Brandon Graham, Mickey Zacchilli, Lisa Hanawalt, True Chubbo, Jillian Tamaki and included DeForge's College Girl by Night. Thickness #3 featured work by Lamar Abrams, Jimmy Beaulieu, Edie Fake, Julia Gfrörer, William Cardini and Sean T. Collins, Gengoroh Tagame, True Chubbo, Andy Burkholder and HamletMachine. DeForge and Annie Koyama co-edited Root Rot, a forest themed anthology, in 2011.  The anthology included work by Jon Vermilyea, Derek M. Ballard, Dan Zettwoch, T. Edward Bak, Robin Nishio, Ines Estrada, Lizz Hickey, Mickey Zacchili, Jesse Jacobs, Jason Fischer, Hellen Jo, Angie Wang, Greg Pizzoli, Joe Lambert, Bob Flynn and Chris "Elio" Eliopoulos. Although DeForge has said that he has "never actually had much interest in being an editor", he co-edited Thickness and Root Rot because he supported the idea behind each book, and enjoys working with Ryan Sands and Annie Koyama, who he said did most of the "heavy lifting".

In February 2012, Secret Headquarters published DeForge's Incinerator minicomic one-shot, and Exams, an 8-page webcomic, was published online by Study Group. Space Face Books published the 8 page minicomic one-shot Molecule, in November 2012.

The fourth issue of DeForge's Lose series, "the fashion issue", was published by Koyama in September 2012 and debuted at the 2012 Small Press Expo (SPX). It won the 2013 Ignatz Award for "Outstanding Artist" and Lose won the "Outstanding Series" award. The issue included Someone I Know and Canadian Royalty together with shorter stories such as The Sixties.

Smoke Signal #15, published March 2013, included two collaborations with Leslie Stein, Watertest, written by DeForge and drawn by Stein, and It's a Lovely Day in Amsterdam, written by Stein and drawn by DeForge. In 2013, Uncivilized Books published DeForge's Structures 24-34, the third issue in their Structures zine series where artists are asked to contribute 11 designs for new structures. Structures 1-11 was by Tom Kaczynski and Structures 12-23 by Vincent Stall.

In May 2013, Koyama published Very Casual, a collection of what they described as notable short stories from DeForge's mini comics, online comics and anthology contributions. It won the 2013 Ignatz Award for "Outstanding Anthology or Collection". Douglas Wolk, writing in The New York Times, described it as a collection of "perverse, funny, haunting stories" where DeForge "warps and dents the assured, geometrical forms of vintage newspaper strips and new wave-era graphics into oddly adorable horrors". It includes All About the Spotting Deer which Wolk described as starting as "a dry parody of nature documentaries" that "mutates into a vignette about an unhappy author, then into a routine about Canadian self-celebration, and ultimately folds in on itself".

The fifth issue of DeForge's Lose series was published by Koyama in June 2013 and debuted at the 2013 Chicago Alternative Comics Expo (CAKE). The issue included three self-contained stories, Living Outdoors, Muskoka and Recent Hires.

DeForge's monthly webcomic Leather Space Man, has been published on Random House of Canada's Hazlitt site since August 2013. According to Chris Randle, writing for Hazlitt, it "imagines Prince as an unearthly fetish-gear-wreathed enigma, then imagines the implications of that". Space Face Books published The Boy In Question 20 page minicomic one-shot in the summer of 2013. Duk Duk Goose was published online by Study Group in October 2013. The November 2013 issue of ArtReview Magazine including DeForge's 2 page strip Dot Com.

Ant Colony (2014), DeForge's first book-length story, collects his web based weekly strip Ant Comic. Drawn & Quarterly publisher Chris Oliveros described DeForge as "one of those rare talents who emerge, out of the blue, with a fully formed and singularly unique vision" and a "striking visual sensibility and peculiar sense of humor...entirely his own".

Commercial work
In 2013, DeForge, along with Ryan Sands, started working on a pilot for Cartoon Network. Entitled MallNation, the concept for it came into fruition in 2013, with DeForge and Sands working on a pilot over the course of a year. Development stalled while writing a storyboard for its pilot episode, prompting both to discuss the project while releasing concept art. It was pitched as an animated television series revolving around the entire student population of an elementary school being punished for scoring the lowest on a standardized test out of the entire country through being confined inside of an abandoned shopping mall. Exploring how the children would learn to "live together and get along with each other in this unsupervised, anarchic society" was the central theme to the series, DeForge explained, with "all the cliques of the school branch off into their different storefronts". DeForge further noted that episodes would expand upon the blueprint of the mall as the children explore and work together "to build something new and cool out of their situation."

Writing for her website Comics & Cola, Zainab Akhtar found the premise disturbing to ponder, but likewise something that she would secretly wish to happen to herself. In addition to praising DeForge and Sands, she felt "actually gutted this didn't get made; it looks and sounds amazing", and hoped for it to continue in another incarnation. The blog posts by DeForge and Sands' which Akhtar referred to regarding the pilot were later taken down by Cartoon Network, with DeForge stating that he had "jumped the gun" and Sands establishing that further discussion would have to wait.

Twitter
Paste named his Twitter one of "The 75 Best Twitter Accounts of 2014" ranking it at #9.

Bibliography

Minicomics, webcomics and anthology contributions
Gags (2007) self-published minicomic
Sloe Black (2008) self-published minicomic
Cave Adventure
Open Country, issues #1 (May 2011) and #2 (Fall 2011) hand-assembled by DeForge
Wet Cough, one-shot, published by Mille Putois
Elizabeth of Canada, issues #1 and #2, published by Oily Comics
Kid Mafia, issues #1, #2, #3 and #4
Kid Mafia Digest, collects issues #1-#3, published by Secret Headquarters
Spotting Deer (2010), Koyama Press
Riders (2011), Study Group Magazine #1
Young People (2011), Marvel's Strange Tales II (Strange Tales MAX #2) anthology
Intermission Funnies (2011), weekly gag strip, Frank Santoro's Riff Raff column in The Comics Journal
Rescue Pet (2011), quarterly serial published in Maisonneuve
Abbey Loafer (2011–2013), monthly strip published in Offerings
Military Prison (2011–ongoing), monthly strip published in Mothers News
Titters (2011–ongoing), monthly strip published in the print edition of The Believer magazine
Exams (2012), published online by Study Group
Incinerator (2012), minicomic one-shot published by Secret Headquarters
Molecules (2012), minicomic one-shot published by Space Face Books
Watertest (2013) written by DeForge, drawn by Leslie Stein, published in Smoke Signal #15
It’s a Lovely Day in Amsterdam (2013) written by Leslie Stein, drawn by DeForge, published in Smoke Signal #15
The Boy In Question (Summer 2013), one-shot published by Space Face Books,
Duk Duk Goose (2013), published online by Study Group
Dot Com (2013), published in the November 2013 issue of ArtReview Magazine
Structures 24-34 (2013), issue #3 of Uncivilized Books' Structures series
Leather Space Man (2013–2014), webcomic published on Random House of Canada's Hazlitt site
First Year Healthy
Ant Comic, weekly webcomic
Sticks Angelica, weekly webcomic

Series
Lose 1 (2009), Koyama Press
Lose 2 (2010), Koyama Press,
Lose 3 (2011), Koyama Press,
Lose 4 (2012), Koyama Press,
Lose 5 (2013), Koyama Press,
Lose 6 (2014), Koyama Press,
Lose 7 (2015), Koyama Press,

Collections
Very Casual (2013), Koyama Press,
A Body Beneath (2014), Koyama Press,
Dressing (2015), Koyama Press,
A Western World (2018), Koyama Press,
Heaven No Hell (2021), Drawn & Quarterly,

Books
Ant Colony (2014), Drawn & Quarterly,
First Year Healthy (2015), Drawn & Quarterly,
Big Kids (2016), Drawn & Quarterly,
Sticks Angelica, Folk Hero (2017), Drawn & Quarterly,
Brat (2018), Koyama Press,
Leaving Richard's Valley (2019), Drawn & Quarterly,
Stunt (2019), Koyama Press,
Familiar Face (2020), Drawn & Quarterly,
Birds of Maine (2022), Drawn & Quarterly,

References

External links
 A Cartoonist’s Diary, day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, The Comics Journal, 2011

1987 births
Living people
Artists from Ottawa
Canadian comics artists
Canadian comics writers
Canadian illustrators
Canadian graphic novelists
Writers from Ottawa


title: Ofori Panin Fie (Okyenhene's Palace)

text:
Ofori Panin Fie (Okyenhene's Palace) is the royal palace of the Omanhene of Akyem Abuakwa. It is located in Kyebi, in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

The name Ofori Panin Fie is also otherwise ascribed to the kingdom's royal family as well.

History
Ofori Panin-fie is a palace that accommodates the "Hall of Justice", ancient artifacts and archival records dating back to the 15th century. It is a research centre for researchers in West African history, Ghana, and the Laws of the Akans. It appeals to tourists and researchers interested in African History and Culture.

Residential buildings in Ghana


title: George Harley (physician)

text:
George Harley (12 February 1829 – 27 October 1896) was a Scottish physician.

Life

The only son of George Barclay Harley and Margaret Macbeath, he was born at Harley House, Haddington, in East Lothian, on 12 February 1829. His father was 63 at the time of his birth, and died soon afterwards; and he was brought up by his mother and maternal grandmother. He received his early education at the Haddington burgh schools, and at the Hill Street Institution, Edinburgh. He then went to the University of Edinburgh, where he matriculated at the age of 17, and graduated M.D. in August 1850.

After acting for fifteen months as house surgeon and resident physician to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Harley spent two years in Paris, working in the physiological and chemical laboratories of Charles Dollfus, François Verdeil, and Charles Adolph Wurtz. He next worked in the physiological laboratory of the College de France, at first under François Magendie and then under Claude Bernard, whose publications on the influence of the liver in the production of diabetes led Harley to undertake further work. During his two years' residence in Paris he was preoccupied with physiological researches, and in 1853 he was elected annual president of the Parisian Medical Society.

Harley then spent two years in Germany at the universities of Würzburg (under Rudolf Virchow), Giessen (under Justus Liebig), Berlin, Vienna, and Heidelberg. When he was studying in Vienna, during the height of the Crimean War, he attempted to join the army of Omar Pasha as a civil surgeon, but passport issues meant he was arrested instead.

In 1855 Harley was appointed lecturer on practical physiology and histology at University College London; and was also made curator of its anatomical museum. In 1856 he started private practice in Nottingham Place. In 1858 he was elected a fellow of the Chemical Society, and fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh. In 1859 he became professor of medical jurisprudence at University College in the place of William Benjamin Carpenter, and in 1860 physician to the hospital. These appointments he held till eye trouble obliged him to resign them. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1865, at the age of 36. In 1864 he was elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London; he afterwards held the post of examiner in anatomy and physiology in the college. He also became corresponding member of numerous foreign scientific societies. He assisted in founding the British Institute of Preventive Medicine.

Harley died suddenly from rupture of a coronary artery and haemorrhage into the pericardium on 27 October 1896 at his house, 77 (now 25) Harley Street. His body was cremated at Woking on 30 October, and the remains buried at Kingsbury Old Church on the same day.

Works
Harley made observations while in Paris, which were recorded in the Chimie Anatomique of Charles Philippe Robin and François Verdeil. Among these were the recognition of iron as a constituent of urine, and the observation that the colour of normal human urine was due to urobilin. While at Heidelberg Harley studied in Robert Bunsen's laboratory the methods of gas analysis. After his return to England he made researches on the chemistry of respiration. Some of the results were published in the Philosophical Transactions. He read at the Leeds meeting of the British Association in 1858 a paper in which he showed that pancreatin was capable of digesting both starchy and albuminous substances. In 1862 he received the triennial prize of the Royal College of Surgeons of England for his researches into the anatomy and physiology of the suprarenal bodies.

In 1864 Harley participated in the committee of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society appointed to study the subject of suspended animation by drowning, hanging, and other causes. The experiments were carried out in his laboratory at University College, as were those for the Society's Chloroform Committee (1864), of which Harley was also a member.

In toxicology, Harley made researches into the action of strychnine, and on Calabar bean; and in 1864 read a paper to the British Association poisoned arrows. He demonstrated that strychnia and wourali have the property of reciprocally neutralising the toxic effects of one another.

Harley's major publications treated of the diseases of the liver. Expanding from his thesis M.D. “Oleum jecoris aselli” submitted to the University of Edinburgh in 1850, in 1863 he published Jaundice, its Pathology and Treatment; this he eventually replaced in 1883 by his book on Diseases of the Liver,; it was reprinted in Canada and in America, and was translated into German by Dr. J. Kraus of Carlsbad. In 1885 he published a pamphlet on Sounding for Gall Stones, and in the following year a work on Inflammation of the Liver, in which he advocated puncture of the capsule in congestive liver induration, and 'hepatic phlebotomy' for acute hepatitis. In 1868 his old pupil, George T. Brown, brought out a book on Histology, of demonstrations which Harley had given at University College. The second edition of the book Dr. Harley edited himself.

During a long period of rest in dark rooms, after a breakdown of his eyesight, Harley dictated to an amanuensis The Urine and its Derangements (1872); this work was reprinted in America and translated into French and Italian. In 1859 he became editor of a new year-book on medicine and surgery, brought out by the New Sydenham Society, and worked for it for some years.

Harley contributed to medical journals. He invented a microscope which by a simple adjustment could be transformed from a monocular into a binocular or into a polarising instrument, either of a high or a low power. He wanted to reform English orthography, and published a book entitled The Simplification of English Spelling (1877), in which he advocated the omission of unneeded duplicated consonants from all words, except personal names.

Family
Harley married Emma Jessie, daughter of James Muspratt of Seaforth Hall, near Liverpool. She survived him with three children: Vaughan Harley, M.D. (1863–1923); Ethel Brilliana Tweedie (Mrs. Alec Tweedie), the author; and Olga Harley.

Notes

Attribution

External links

1829 births
1896 deaths
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish medical writers
Fellows of the Royal Society
People from Haddington, East Lothian
Academics of University College London
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Medical School
People associated with the University of Edinburgh


title: Primera Plana

text:
Primera Plana was a weekly glossy political, cultural and current affairs magazine published in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 1962 and 1973. The magazine was very influential in shaping the journalism tradition in the country.

History and profile
Primera Plana was created in 1962 by Jacobo Timerman. The magazine modeled on Newsweek and Time magazines. It was founded to support for the supposedly liberal wing of the military forces. The headquarters of the magazine was in Buenos Aires.

The magazine was published on a weekly basis and featured articles on culture and current affairs. The weekly had a nationalist stance. It also supported for cultural nationalism and modernization as well as political authoritarianism.

It was the first magazine to publish the comic strip Mafalda. Mafalda, produced by Joaquin Salvador Lavado, was first published in the magazine on 29 September 1964. Primera Plana was also the first magazine in Argentine which published a list of best-selling books. In June 1964 the magazine initiated an annual literary prize. In 1967 Daniel Moyano's novel El Oscuro won the prize.

Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa was the Lima correspondent of Primera Plana. Argentine author Tomas Eloy Martinez was one of the editors-in-chief of the magazine.

During its existence Primera Plana was closed down by military government several times. In 1971 Juan Perón acquired the magazine when he was in exile in Spain. It ceased publication in 1973.

References

1962 establishments in Argentina
1973 disestablishments in Argentina
Censorship in Argentina
Defunct literary magazines
Defunct political magazines
Defunct magazines published in Argentina
Literary magazines published in Argentina
Magazines established in 1962
Magazines disestablished in 1973
Magazines published in Buenos Aires
News magazines published in Argentina
Spanish-language magazines
Weekly magazines


title: George Jacobs (valet)

text:
George Emmanuel Jacobs (April 19, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American memoirist and valet. Jacobs was the valet of the Hollywood agent Swifty Lazar in the 1950s, before being poached from Lazar by the singer and actor Frank Sinatra. Jacobs wrote a well received memoir, Mr. S: My Life with Frank Sinatra (coauthor William Stadiem; HarperEntertainment, 2003, ) that chronicled his time in Sinatra's employment, from 1953 to his dismissal by Sinatra in 1968.

According to his obituary in The New York Times, Jacobs was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, then moved to Los Angeles after serving in the U.S. Navy. He reportedly worked as a valet for Bill Cosby and Steve McQueen after Sinatra severed his longtime employment over a misunderstanding.

Jacobs was portrayed by actor Tyrees Allen in the 1998 film The Rat Pack.

References

1927 births
2013 deaths
American autobiographers
American memoirists
American butlers
Writers from New Orleans
United States Navy sailors
Memoirists from Louisiana
Memoirists from California


The 43rd Battalion (Cameron Highlanders of Canada), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War.

History
The 43rd Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914, gazetted 18 December, and embarked from Montreal for Britain on HMTS Grampian 1 June 1915. After arrival at Davenport, England, they proceeded by train to Lower St. Martin's Plains, Shorncliffe, arriving late at night 9 June 1915.  The Battalion was briefly designated a Reserve Battalion to absorb casualties from the 15th and 16th Battalions of the 1st Division.  Winter was spent in huts at East Sandling.  It disembarked in France on 22 February 1916, where it fought as part of the 9th Canadian Brigade, 3rd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The 43rd returned home on the SS Baltic from Liverpool to Halifax, 20 March and after a civic welcome celebration, they were demobilized 24 March 1919.  The battalion was disbanded on 30 August 1920.

The 43rd Battalion recruited in and was mobilized at Winnipeg, Manitoba.

The 43rd Battalion had five officers commanding:
Lt-Col. R. MacD. Thomson, 1 June 1915 – 8 October 1916 (wounded, then killed by shellfire near Courcelette, France, Battle of the Somme)
Lt.-Col. W. Grassie, DSO, 9 October 1916 – 4 November 1917 (he subsequently returned to Canada and resigned his commission in 1918)
Lt.-Col. W.K. Chandler, 4 November 1917 – 23 December 1917
Lt-Col. H.M. Urquart, DSO, MC, 23 December 1917 – 16 August 1918 (wounded during the attack against Fresnoy-les-Roye, France, Battle of Amiens)
Lt.-Col. W.K. Chandler, DSO, 16 August 1918-Demobilization

One member of the 43rd Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Lieutenant Robert Shankland was presented with the Victoria Cross for his intelligence report and observations at Bellevue Spur, Battle of Passchendaele on 26 October 1917. He had previously been awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal as a sergeant for leading a stretcher bearer party at Sanctuary Wood in June 1916.

The first Chaplain attached to the battalion was the Reverend Charles William Gordon, who held the rank of Captain, then Major, senior chaplain to the 9th Canadian Brigade.  He was well-known throughout Canada as novelist "Ralph Connor."  Gordon returned to Canada after the Battle of the Somme.  His replacement was Captain George C.F. Pringle who had spent many years in the Klondike.

Perhaps the luckiest of original officers was Major Bartholomew Charlton, formerly with the 79th Overseas Draft, who was wounded five times but returned with the battalion in 1919.

Battle honours
The 43rd Battalion was awarded the following battle honours:
MOUNT SORREL
SOMME, 1916
Flers-Courcelette
Ancre Heights
ARRAS, 1917, '18
Vimy, 1917
HILL 70
Ypres 1917
Passchendaele
AMIENS
Scarpe 1918
Drocourt-Quéant
HINDENBURG LINE
Canal du Nord
PURSUIT TO MONS
FRANCE AND FLANDERS, 1916-18

Perpetuation
The 43rd Battalion (Cameron Highlanders of Canada), CEF, is perpetuated by The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada.

See also

 List of infantry battalions in the Canadian Expeditionary Force

References

Sources
The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada, Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Souvenir, ed. by Lt-Col. J.D. Sinclair, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1935
Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919 by Col. G.W.L. Nicholson, CD, Queen's Printer, Ottawa, Ontario, 1962
Postscript To Adventure, the Autobiography of Ralph Connor by Charles W. Gordon, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1938; reprinted McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1975
Tillicums of the Trail by George C.F. Pringle, McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1922
Adventures in Service by George C.F. Pringle, McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1929

043
Military units and formations of Manitoba
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada


title: 1815 in Scotland

text:
Events from the year 1815 in Scotland.

Incumbents

Law officers
 Lord Advocate – Archibald Colquhoun
 Solicitor General for Scotland – Alexander Maconochie

Judiciary
 Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Granton
 Lord Justice General – The Duke of Montrose
 Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle

Events
 February/March – foundation stone of Montrose Academy laid.
 18 June – Battle of Waterloo: Ensign Charles Ewart of the Royal Scots Greys captures the French Imperial Eagle standard.
 1 July – Union Bank of Scotland opens.
 19 September – foundation stones for Regent Bridge and Calton Jail in Edinburgh laid.
 The Nelson Monument, Edinburgh, on Calton Hill, is dedicated.
 Hackness Martello Tower and Battery and Crockness Martello tower in Orkney are completed.
 Dunans and Ferness Bridges and Avoch harbour are completed to the designs of Thomas Telford.
 Glenfinnan Monument erected to mark the landing of "Bonnie Prince Charlie" at the start of the Jacobite rising of 1745 to the design of James Gillespie Graham.
 Armadale Castle on Skye is built in the style of Scottish Baronial architecture to the design of James Gillespie Graham.
 A Jury Court as a division of the Court of Session is introduced.
 Regius Professorships at the University of Glasgow in Midwifery and Surgery are established by King George III.
 The Scottish Widows Fund and Life Assurance Society opens to business as Scotland's first mutual life insurance office.
 On Islay, Ardbeg distillery begins commercial production and Laphroaig distillery is established by Donald and Alexander Johnston.
 The Clyde Shipping Company is set up by John Henderson, William Croil, Donald McPhee and George Jardine Kidston to provide services by paddle steamer.
 Pringle of Scotland, knitwear manufacturer, is established by Robert Pringle in the Borders.
 John Fletcher Macfarlan takes over the family apothecary business in Edinburgh, the predecessor of MacFarlan Smith, and begins to manufacture laudanum.
Aberdeen Savings Bank is formed.

Births
 11 January
 John A. Macdonald, first Prime Minister of Canada (died 1891 in Ottawa)
 David Stevenson, lighthouse engineer (died 1886)
 22 January – William Brodie, sculptor (died 1881)
 25 March – George Thomson, shipbuilder (died 1866)
 1 April – William Chalmers Burns, evangelical missionary to China (died 1868)
 19 May
 Kate Dickens, née Catherine Hogarth, wife of Charles Dickens (died 1879 in London)
 Hugh Fraser, retailer (died 1873)
 11 June – W McEwan, cricketer (died 1862 in Australia)
 12 June – James Valentine, photographer (died 1879)
 29 August – James Fenton, railway engineer (died 1863)
 20 December – James Legge, Congregationalist missionary to China (died 1897 in Oxford)
 Thomas Stuart Smith, painter and benefactor (died 1869 in Avignon)

Deaths
 14 January – William Creech, publisher and Lord Provost of Edinburgh (born 1745)
 4 February – John Ferriar, physician and writer (born 1761)
 9 February – Claudius Buchanan, theologian, Church of England missionary to India (born 1766)
 23 February – William Duff, Presbyterian minister and writer on psychology (born 1732)
 10 April – William Roxburgh, Scottish surgeon and botanist (born 1751)
 26 August – John Spalding, politician (born 1763)
 8 September – Andrew Graham, naturalist
 28 September – Gilbert Gerard, theological writer (born 1760)
 9 December – Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, banker and steamboat promoter (born 1730)
 Thomas Keith, soldier (born c.1793)

The arts
 Christian Isobel Johnstone's novel Clan-Albin: A National Tale is published.
 Robert Kirk's The Secret Commonwealth, Gaelic folklore collected in 1691/92, is first published.
 Walter Scott's narrative poem The Lord of the Isles and anonymous novel Guy Mannering are published.
 6-year-old Edgar Allan Poe attends school in Irvine, North Ayrshire.

See also
 Timeline of Scottish history
 1815 in Ireland

References


title: Ian Fried

text:
Ian Fried may refer to:
 Ian Fried (screenwriter), American screenwriter
 Ina Fried, formerly Ian Fried, American journalist and former child actor


title: 62nd Expeditionary Signal Battalion

text:
The 62nd Expeditionary Signal Battalion is a unit within the 11th Signal Brigade in the Signal Corps of the United States Army.

History
The battalion was originally constituted on 1 October 1933 in the Regular Army as the 62nd Signal Battalion, but was not activated until 13 October 1939 at Fort Sam Houston. During World War II, it served in the Tunisian Campaign, and the Rome–Arno, North Apennines, and Po Valley Campaigns during the Italian Campaign. For its actions in support of IV Corps, the 62nd received an Army Meritorious Unit Commendation on 18 March 1945.

On 25 September 1949, it was redesignated as the 62nd Signal Battalion, Corps, before being inactivated in Japan on 26 June 1950.

On 1 March 1963, it was redesignated as the 62nd Signal Battalion, and activated on 26 March of that year at Fort Bragg. On 25 April 1966, the Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment of the battalion was converted and redesignated as the Headquarters and Main Support Company of the 62nd Maintenance Battalion. It was sent to Vietnam, receiving the Meritorious Unit Commendation for its actions in 1969 and 1970 in 1971. After the United States withdrawal from Vietnam, it was inactivated on 4 October 1972 at Oakland Army Base.

On 1 January 1998, it was converted and redesignated as the 62nd Signal Battalion. The 62nd was reactivated on 17 October 2009 at Fort Hood.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading
 Terrett, Dulany. The Signal Corps: The Emergency. United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1956.
 Thompson, George Raynor, Dixie R. Harris, Pauline M. Oakes, and Dulany Terrett. The Signal Corps: The Test (December 1941 to July 1943). United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1957.
062


title: Scholars of Piyyut

text:
Piyyut is Jewish liturgical poetry, in Hebrew or occasionally Aramaic, composed from the fifth century CE through the end of the thirteenth century CE, and to some extent even well beyond then.

Since the 19th century, academic scholars have studied piyyut, using modern methods of history, philology, and other types of analysis. This page is a list of such scholars.

Leopold Zunz (1794–1886)
Samuel David Luzzatto, known as Shadal, the acronym of his initials (1800–1865)
Ḥayyim Brody (1868–1942)
Daniel Goldschmidt (1895–1972)
Menahem Zulay (1901–1954)
Hayyim Schirmann (1904–1981)
Zvi Meir Rabinovitz (1908–1991)
Aharon Mirsky (1914–2001)
Joseph Marcus
Yisrael Levin (born 1924)
Ezra Fleischer (1928–2006)
Jonah Fraenkel (1928–2012)
Menahem Schmelzer (born 1934)
Joseph Yahalom (born 1941)
Yosef Tobi (born 1942)
Ephraim Hazan (born 1943)
Tova Rosen
Binyamin Bar-Tikva
Shulamit Elizur (born 1955)
Tova Beeri
Avraham Fraenkel (born 1959)
Elisabeth Hollender
Wout van Bekkum (born 1954)
Naoya Katsumata
Sarah Cohen

Jewish liturgical poems

Lists of scholars and academics


title: LG Gx

text:
The LG Gx is an Android smartphone developed by LG Electronics. It serves as an update to LG's phablet, the 2012 LG Optimus G Pro, by updating the software and design to that of LG's new flagship, the 2013 LG G2. Other than that, the smartphone is exactly the same as the LG Optimus G Pro with features that include LTE connectivity and an IR blaster, which allows use as a TV remote control. The handset has only been released in Korea on LG's own network, LG U+, as of 20 February 2014 and LG has not commented on whether it will become an international device.

See also
 List of Android devices

References

External links
Official website (Korean)

Android (operating system) devices
Gx
Mobile phones introduced in 2014
Phablets
Discontinued smartphones
Mobile phones with infrared transmitter


title: Ladislaus Michael Zaleski

text:
Wladyslaw Michal Bonifacy Zaleski (also called Vladislovas Mykolas Zaleskis in Lithuanian or Ladislao Michele Zaleski in English, 1852 – 1925) was a Catholic archbishop, pioneer missionary, Apostolic Delegate to the East Indies and Latin Patriarch of Antioch.

Youth and education
Zaleski was born in Veliuona (Lithuania then under Russian rule). He was the son of Leon and Gabriela Zaleski of Dombrowiczów. Since there were no Polish schools in Vilnius, he did his primary and secondary schooling privately and he graduated from high school in Kaunas. In 1880 he joined the Warsaw Theological Seminary, and he went in 1881 for further studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. There he received his doctorate and received a diplomatic training, which he completed in 1885, while attending a course in theology at the Collegium Romanum.

Diplomat of the Holy See
After his ordination in 1882 or 1885 in Florence, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Spain, and a year later for the first time went to the East Indies, accompanying Antonio Agliardi, the Titular Archbishop of Cesarea and first Apostolic Delegate in India. In 1887, Pope Leo XIII appointed him as his personal representative to the 50th anniversary of the reign of Queen Victoria. For a time, Zaleski remained employed in the Roman Curia, as consulter on Eastern affairs at the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fidei). From 1889 to 1890 Ladislaus Zaleski worked at the nunciature in Paris. In 1890 he returned to India, where on 5 March 1892 he replaced Archbishop Andrea Aiuti as the Apostolic Delegate of the East Indies.

Apostolic Delegate to India
Along with the nomination for Apostolic Delegate in the East Indies, Zaleski was elevated to the dignity of archbishop and was appointed as the Titular Archbishop of Thebes. The area of his official activities ranged from Afghanistan and the Himalayas in the north, to Ceylon and the neighboring islands of the Indian Ocean in the south. On the initiative of the Archbishop eight ecclesiastical provinces and twenty-seven dioceses were founded in the territory. Archbishop Zaleski resided in Kandy, where he founded a national seminary, Papal Seminary, which produced 51 bishops and three cardinals over the years. Zaleski also initiated the creation of many minor seminaries and ordained several bishops, including local priests Augustine Kandathil (1911) and Alexander Chulaparambil (1914). Zaleski was almost constantly travelling on missionary work, even outside of his delegation. He visited, among other places, China, Japan, Indo-China, Java and the Philippines. He was the most outstanding Polish traveler in this region in the late nineteenth century. During his tenure as the Apostolic Delegate, he broadened his polyglot skills having already mastered eight European languages, to which he added Tamil and Sinhalese.

Archbishop Zalesky was Apostolic Delegate for the supervision of all Roman Catholic missions of the East Indies, that is, over an area that was about half as large as the whole of Europe, including Russia and in which 300 million people lived. His closest companion was Father Aloysius Benziger, who took care of the secretariat independently. Into his hands came the letters from all parts of India, reports, requests, complaints, and cries for help. He had to write their answers on the Indian bishops to enter into negotiations to assign missionaries to resolve difficulties. It was his job to keep Rome up to date; his drafting of the Inspectorate reports was transmitted. These Inspectorate reports presuppose that Father Benziger made the inspection trips. He learned in this way about the whole of India, other countries, peoples and states, their kings and princes, the different races and religions, the character of the individual tribes."

Ladislaus Zaleski presided over several provincial synods in India, and worked to strengthen the local church hierarchy and promote sustainable growth of the missions. He rediscovered the Indian priest Joseph Vaz (1651-1711), called as the apostle of Ceylon at the end of the nineteenth century, and became a Blessed Joseph Vaz devotee and admirer, publishing an account of his life. He held him up as a model for the native clergy he had been sent to train, and proposed that a new Cause for Canonization be started for Vaz. Zaleski's fellow Pole Pope John Paul II would beatify Vaz in 1995. Zaleski also did some research about the 2012-beatified, Indian martyrs including Devasahayam Pillai (1712-1752), and promoted devotions to them. Archbishop Zaleski was the principal consecrator for Indian bishops Aloysius Benziger (bishop of Quilon), Augustine Kandathil, and Alexander Chulaparambil.

Zaleski's mission ended in 1916, after almost thirty years of residence in Asia. After returning to Rome he was nominated as the Patriarch of Antioch by Pope Benedict XV. Pope Benedict considered in 1919 his candidacy for the nomination of Cardinal, but eventually in the consistory that year other Polish bishops received the scarlet – Edmund Dalbor and Alexander Kakowski. Zaleski was in Rome for the rest of his life, where he died on 5 October 1925. He expressed the wish that his remains come to rest among those for whom he had laboured. With the transfer of the Papal Seminary, which he founded, from Kandy to its new location in Pune, in India, the Alumni of the same Seminary, some of whom had known Zaleski, fulfilled his wish, when his remains were transferred in 1955. Mgr. Zaleski's remains now rest in the Seminary at the floor of the altar in the new Chapel. After his death, he was honored by naming one of Colombo's areas as 'Zaleski Place' (in 1937). Throughout his life, Zaleski kept in touch with the home country, often emphasizing his attachment to Poland.

Botanist
Zaleski's stay in India was not limited to pastoral and missionary activities. He was into botanical science, gathering a large collection of tropical plants. This collection, numbering about 35,000 images of flora Indo-Malay, went to the Department of Plant Systematics and Geography, University of Warsaw. Among other topics in his books of travel, Zaleski described Botanical Gardens at Buitenzorg (in Java) and Penang (Malaysia) and several exotic plants he encountered during his travels.

Publications
Patriarch Zaleski was the author of several travel and ethnographic works. His published works run into more than seven and a half thousand pages of print, and he left a further seven thousand pages of manuscripts. Some books were written under pseudonyms, including the History of Ceylon from 1913 as G. Francis, and under the pseudonym 'Pierre Courtenay' he published several books of adventure for young people. He was also accomplished in poetry.

Bibliography

  (A journey through Indo-China, Java and Chinese coasts in 1897 and 1898)
  (The Apostle St. Thomas in India. History, Tradition and Legend)

  (The origins of Christianity in the Indies)

References

Further reading

 Karol Karski: ZALESKI, Vladislaus. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 14, Bautz, Herzberg 1998, , Sp. 335–336.
 Vaclav Słabczyński, Polish Travellers and Explorers, Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa 1988, pp. 156–157 (here Date of birth: May 2, 1852)
 Lyudmila Karpowiczowa, Michael Boniface Wladyslaw Zaleski, in Polish biologists Dictionary (edited by Stanislaw Feliksiak ), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw 1987, p 600 (here, date of birth: October 2, 1852)
 Alexander Miklaszewski, Poles in the history and culture of Western Europe. Biographical Dictionary (edited by Krzysztof Kwasniewski and Lech Trzeciakowskiego), Western Institute, Poznan 1981, pp. 473–474 (here Place of Birth: multi near Kaunas)
 Krzysztof Rafał Prokop, Polish cardinals, Publisher WAM, Kraków 2001, p 221

External links
 catholic-hierarchy.org
 GCatholic.org

1852 births
1925 deaths
Apostolic Nuncios to India
Latin Patriarchs of Antioch
Clergy from Kaunas
Polish Roman Catholic priests
Missionary botanists


title: I Wish I Could Break Your Heart

text:
"I Wish I Could Break Your Heart" is a song by recorded American country music singer Cassadee Pope, written by Gordie Sampson, Ashley Monroe and Jon Green. It was released as the second single from Pope's debut solo studio album Frame by Frame on March 17, 2014.

Background and recording
The song was written in 2012 as a creative collaboration between Nashville songwriters Gordie Sampson, Ashley Monroe and Jon Green at the former's writing room, The Shack, with no particular artist in mind. According to Green, the song was written and demoed within 90 minutes, with all three "immediately latching onto" the idea. The song's title came from Monroe early in the process, providing the writers a premise and emotional angle to work with.

When the song was pitched to The Big Machine Label Group, the recently signed Cassadee Pope connected with the song and put it on hold for her forthcoming debut album. "I'd felt that before in past relationships," Pope revealed to Billboard, "Weird emotions came over me when I first heard it, and I loved it right away." Pope recorded the song in Nashville at Martina and Jon McBride's Blackbird Studio sometime in 2013.

Composition
"I Wish I Could Break Your Heart" is a mid-tempo ballad with country pop and pop rock influences, with a duration of three minutes and forty-one seconds. The song features drums and steel guitar, played by Chris McHugh and Paul Franklin, respectively.

According to songwriter Ashley Monroe, the song is told from the perspective of someone who loves their partner too much to actually want to hurt them but still wishes they "had the power to". This concept led her to the song's title, which became both the first line and the chorus's hook. Pope also explained her interpretation in an interview with Radio.com: "It’s not a heartbroken song where the world’s going to end but it’s a song about loving somebody. [...] You’re happy but you know that they could break you so easily and you feel so vulnerable [...] and you wish you could see if you could break them..." She described "Break Your Heart" as a positive song, with a "silly, playful" undertone. The chorus is purposely pitched higher than the surrounding verses to give the titular lyric a sense of desperation.

Music video
The music video for "I Wish I Could Break Your Heart" was directed by Wes Edwards and premiered February 18, 2014 on CMT, before being released onto Vevo the following day.

Chart performance
"I Wish I Could Break Your Heart" debuted at No. 49 on the Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week ending April 5, 2014.

Release history

References

2014 singles
Republic Nashville singles
Country ballads
Pop ballads
Cassadee Pope songs
Songs written by Gordie Sampson
Songs written by Ashley Monroe
Song recordings produced by Dann Huff
2013 songs
Music videos directed by Wes Edwards
Republic Records singles