title: Violence against women in Tamil Nadu

text:
Violence against women in Tamil Nadu includes molestation, abduction, dowry-related violence, and domestic violence. The police recorded 1,130 cases during the first seven months in 2013, compared to 860 for the corresponding period in 2012. In Usilampatti Taluk, around 6,000 female children were killed in a span of 2 years during 1987–88, accounting to the single largest instance of recorded female infanticide.

A major underlying cause of violence against women is the perception that married women are the property of their husbands. Alcohol use and the portrayal of women in the society and cinemas as sex objects are also believed to be major factors.

Tamil Nadu is the first Indian state to set up "all women police stations" to deal with crimes against women. After the 2012 Delhi gang rape case in 2013, in which a girl was gang-raped in a moving bus, leading to her death, the Tamil Nadu government unveiled a 13-point action plan including installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) in all public buildings and booking offenders in Goondas Act of 1982, that gives non-bailable retention up to 1 year.

Violence
The categories of violence against women reported in Tamil Nadu crime statistics are rape, dowry death, molestation, abduction, sexual harassment, and physical abuse by husband and his relatives. During the period of January to July 2013, the state police registered 1,130 cases compared to 860 during the corresponding period in 2012. The number of rape cases in the state were 436 during the same period, comprising 42 in Chennai, 32 in Villupuram and 11 in Coimbatore. The police also reported a decrease in the rape and abduction cases and an increase of 32 per cent cases related to cruelty by husbands and relatives. As per the crime report of Tamil Nadu Police in 2007, a total of 6,612 cases relating to crime against women were registered by the police, which was 39 per cent over the number in 2006. Of these, cruelty by husband and relatives and molestation accounted for 53 per cent of the cases. The corresponding Acts under which cases were filed include Indecent Representation of women Act, Child Marriage Restraint Act, Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Harassment of Women (Amended) Act 2002, Tamil Nadu Prohibition of Sexual harassment of Women Act 2000, and Dowry Prohibition Act. The sections under the Indian Penal Code related to women are IPC 376 for Rape, IPC 363 -373 related to account Kidnapping & Abduction, 302/304-B related to Homicide for Dowry, Dowry Deaths or their attempts, 498-A related to Cruelty by husband or Relatives, 354 elated to Molestation, 509 related to Sexual Harassment, 366-B related to Importation of Girls up to 21 years. In 2007, the state police filed 523 (7.91%) cases of rape, 718 (16.59%) related to kidnapping and abduction, 187 (3.15%) dowry deaths, 1,247 (29.89%) related to cruelty by husbands and relatives, 1,179 (23.29%) related to molestation, 852 (13.23%) on sexual harassment, 35 (0.38%) on indecent representation of women and 81 (5.57%) related to dowry prohibition. Among districts, Chennai recorded the maximum of 705 cases while Nilgiris district was the lowest with 40 cases. The victims in the age group 19–30 years was the maximum, accounting for 62.41%, followed by age group 15–18 years at 19.36% and 11–14 years at 7.71%.

Major forms of violence

Dowry death
Dowry death, also known as "bride burning", is a crime related to the dowry system in India, which is the practise of the bride's family giving gifts to the family of the groom. The practise is believed to have originated in Hindu marriage customs, but in many cases in modern times is visualised as a business transaction negotiated between the families of the bride and groom. Dowry harassment and dowry death occur in situations in which the groom's family becomes dissatisfied with the dowry or with delays in receiving it, then reacts by humiliating the bride and subjecting her to physical abuse. In India, most family disputes that result in violence are disputes over dowry transactions. According to Indian Penal Code (IPC) 304B, if a woman dies during the first seven years of marriage from burns, bodily injury or other "unnatural circumstance", authorities are required to investigate the possibility of dowry harassment. If the death is determined to be a dowry death, the victim's husband and in-laws can be held liable. If a dying woman testifies to a magistrate regarding the cause of her injuries, her testimony can be used for prosecution. The nation recorded 12,612 dowry deaths during the years of 1998 and 1999. Tamil Nadu reported 198 dowry-related deaths during 2008. Dowry deaths, like other crimes against women, are believed to be under-reported; many cases of burns or other injuries that are recorded as accidents may actually be due to dowry harassment. Few cases of dowry death result in punishment for the perpetrators. As of January 2009, there had been only one conviction resulting from Tamil Nadu's 198 dowry-death cases in 2008 and there were no convictions for the 208 cases in 2007.

Female infanticide
Female infanticide was more common during the 1980s in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. In Usilampatti taluk, a taluk in Madurai District, around 6,000 female children were killed in a span of 2 years during 1987–88. The crime was detected in one of the maternity homes that reported loss of 95% female children born during the period. The female infants were fed with the poisonous juice of oleander plant almost on the day of the birth of the child. The practice was reported even during 1993. The other districts which had prevalence were Salem, Dharmapuri, Vellore (formerly North Arcot), Erode, Dindigul and Madurai, with North Salem, South Dharmapuri, South Dindigul and West Madurai accounting for 70 per cent of all cases. While the practice was initially considered to be prevalent in the lower sections of Thevar and Nadar community, it was found out with other castes like Gounder, Vanniyar, Pallar and Paraiyar. The people considered marrying the girl in the future a menace on account of their financial constraints. The then government headed by Jayalalitha launched a cradle baby scheme in 1992 in Salem district that urged the parents to drop the child in the cradles instead of killing them. There were educational programmes launched by the child health and welfare department of the state to create awareness. Dharmapuri district recorded as many as 1,002 registered cases of infanticide, the highest in the state during the year and it reduced to one during 2012. During the simultaneous period, the cradles baby scheme had 1,338 children having 1,272 girls. The government also launched another campaign in which the parents of girls undergoing sterilisation were compensated and a gold ring was presented to the girl on her 20th birthday to ease her marriage expenses.

Trafficking
The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) imposes prevention of trafficking women and children. While it was initially targeted at sex workers with a female majority, it was gradually extended to trafficking of human beings. The Tamil Nadu police created an Anti-Trafficking Cell in the Crime Branch CID, that has inter-state connectivity to deal with trafficking. During 2007, 1,199 cases were registered in the state related to trafficking, with a majority against pimps, brothel owners and traffickers. The state capital, Chennai had the highest in 2007 with 202 cases followed by Coimbatore with 143, Coimbatore district with 107 and Trichy with 100 cases. Tamil Nadu recorded the highest number of domestic violence cases against women in 2011 with 3,983 cases, out of the national total of 9,431. A survey conducted by World Health Organization across different states in 2005-06 indicated that the crime against women in the state was at 41.9 per cent, with most incidents reported in urban locations than in rural. In one of the publicised rescue operations in 1990, 913 females were rescued from brothels in Mumbai and the state promised a rehabilitation for all of them. But a few months later, all of them returned to the brothels as their families abandoned them and the government relief measures did not reach them.

Acid attack
Acid attacks involve throwing acid to dismember or mutilate women. As per a report published on the attacks between March 2014 to September 2015, 200 attacks were recorded, 70.2% were on women. The major reason cited for 51% of the cases involved disgruntled persons who were denied love by the women involved and 42% were attacked by anonymous persons. The state had three fatalities during the period of 2012–14.

Causes
An analysis by the government of Tamil Nadu states that a major underlying cause of violence against women is the perception that married women are the property of their husbands. Within this cultural context, suspicions of infidelity, alcoholism, antagonism over dowries, a couple's infertility, and instigation by a man's relatives can lead to episodes of violence against women. Violence in films and media portrayals of women as sex objects are also cited as contributing to violence against women. In Tamil Nadu's patriarchal society, women sometimes have been punished by men for not producing a male heir. The political party Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and social activists, including Tamilaruvi Manian and Sasi Perumal, have named alcohol use as a major cause of rape and other forms of violence against women in Tamil Nadu and have cited this as one reason for calling for reinstatement of prohibition in Tamil Nadu. In rural scenario, Dalit women, the lower caste in the society, faced the triple burden of caste, class and gender. Dalit women were forced into prostitution to their higher caste landlords. The police were also reported to target and torture the lower caste women to punish their male relatives. As per the Home Department of Tamil Nadu, out of 1,747 women homicides committed in the state in 2011, 440 were accounted to family quarrels, 325 to wordy quarrel, 421 to personal enmity and 347 to love and sexual causes.

Situation in other states
As per the crime report released by the National Crime Records Bureau, Tamil Nadu ranked 13th during 2012 among all the states in India. The state registered 7,192 cases against that of Karnataka having 10,336 cases, Andhra Pradesh having 28,171 cases and West Bengal with 30,942 cases. But the state ranked first in terms of human trafficking, where 500 cases were registered, which was 19.5 per cent over the previous year. The then Madhya Pradesh Home minister Babu Lal Gaur, who visited Chennai on 11 January 2014 stated that the crime in the city is less compared to that of Bhopal as the women in Chennai dress fully and go to temples regularly. The comment drew lot of controversy as the opposition claimed that he entirely vouched for the anti-socials by taking a religious stand. The number of cases involving domestic violence was maximum in Tamil Nadu in 2013 with 3,983 registered cases, out of the total 9,431 registered cases. Gujarat and West Bengal were next only Tamil Nadu with 3,266 and 1,661 registered cases.

Awareness

Tamil Nadu is the first state in India to set up "all women police stations" (AWPSs) to deal with crimes against women. The scheme was initiated by the then-chief minister of the state, J Jayalalithaa, during her first tenure in 1991–95. As of 2003, the state had around 188 AWPSs all over the state, most of which were located in the same building as the regular police station. The AWPSs were set to handle cases related to women like sexual harassment, marital discord, child abuse, eve teasing, trafficking, suicides and dowry harassment. Activists believed that after the establishment of AWPSs, women were able to come out and report dowry-related crimes freely to the police women. The police women also reported that they received complaints related to sex tortures, which otherwise went unreported to their male counterparts.

There is a wide consensus across the world that crime against women is often under-reported. It is also reported that every twenty minutes, a woman is sexually assaulted. Some sections believe that there is a skew in the reported crime data against women. The Tamil Nadu police have reported that the awareness among women has improved and they were less afraid to file complaints. The 2012 Delhi gang rape case in 2013, where a girl was gang-raped in a moving bus leading to her fatal death, was reported to have increased the awareness. Activists in that state have reported that the police who were earlier not registering such cases, have started registering them. The Chief Minister of the State, J Jayalalithaa, announced in the assembly that a 13-point action plan was unveiled by the government post the Delhi Gang Rape like installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in all public buildings and booking offenders in Goondas Act of 1982, that provides for non-bailable retention up to one year. The government ruled that educational institutions, hospitals, cinema theatres, banks, ATM counters, shopping malls, petrol bunks and jewellery shops would be covered under the Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies (Installation of Closed Circuit TV Units in Public Buildings) Rules, 2012. It also ruled that state and central government offices with 100 employees or more and having an area of  or more would be covered under the rule. The rule also stipulated a time period of six months for the installation in existing buildings, failing which, the licenses would remain cancelled or suspended. During 2013, the state government also launched a 24*7 women's helpline monitored by senior police officials. The government also ordered speedy investigation in all the pending cases related to crime against women and setting up of fast track district courts to speed justice. The state also proposed to the centre to modify existing rules to render heavy punishments to the offenders to the tune of death and chemical castration.

Notes

References

Further reading
  Abstract on ProQuest. Describes the work of Thendral Movement which encourages women's claims for land ownership to address violence against women.
See also:

Crime in Tamil Nadu
Violence against women in India
Tamil society


title: Michael Yarmush

text:
Michael Lawrence Yarmush (born June 19, 1982) is an American-Canadian actor. He is known for providing the original voice of Arthur Read in the PBS children's animated television series Arthur.

Early life
Yarmush was born in Miami, Florida, the son of Daniel and Diane Yarmush.

Career
He was the very first voice actor of Arthur Read for the first five seasons of the TV series, and Arthur's Perfect Christmas. Since his voice became too deep to perform the title character's voice, Yarmush later played the recurring voice role of the Tough Customer member named Slink starting with the ninth season of the show. Twenty-two years after his departure from the role, he provided the voice of the adult Arthur in the series finale.

In 2007, he became a voice actor in the animated series Tripping The Rift, where he had the opportunity to use his voice for various characters in the series. He won a Young Artist Award in 1998 for the television series My Life as a Dog, and a Young Star Award in 1999 for his work in Arthur.

He currently resides in Montreal, Quebec.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1982 births
Arthur (TV series)
Living people
20th-century American male actors
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century American male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
American expatriates in Canada
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Canadian male child actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian people of American descent
Male actors from Miami
Male actors from Montreal


title: Agaya

text:
Agaya is a village in Bankura I Sub District in Bankura district, West Bengal, India.

Demographics
According to 2011 census of India, the village has a population of 912;
Male= 461
Female= 451 .

References

Villages in Bankura district


title: Lyretail hogfish

text:
The lyretail hogfish (Bodianus anthioides), also known as the lyretail pigfish, is a species of wrasse from the genus Bodianus. The fish can be found in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea to Tuamotu. The adults occur along the seaward edges of reefs and in Micronesia are commonest below  in depth. They are solitary fish, forming pairs for spawning. The juvelines mimic cleaner fish. The species' diet includes echinoderms, mollusks, crustaceans, and small fish. It grows to a length of .

References

External links

Bodianus
Taxa named by Edward Turner Bennett
Fish described in 1832


title: Sir Vishveshwaraiah Institute of Science & Technology

text:
Viswam Engineering College(Formerly Sir Vishveshwaraiah Institute of Science and Technology) also known as VISM is an Indian state college. It is located in Madanapalle, Annamayya district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

It is  from Madanapalle near Angallu on the national highway NH205. It is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur. It is also an ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The society is involved in improving both the primary and secondary education of the rural poor in this area.

History
Viswam Engineering College was established in 2006. It was promoted by the Viswam Educational Society and registered in the year 1991. Under its influence, the society evolved from LKG to PG since 1991. The required approvals from AICTE, New Delhi and affiliation from JNTU, Anantapur were obtained.

Campus

Campus facilities include labs, workshops, computer centers, library, an information center and indoor and outdoor sports venues. Transport facilities are available to students and staff via 10 buses.

Academics
The college admits undergraduate students through the annual state-wide EAPCET exam. It offers Bachelor of Technology (BTech) courses in multiple disciplines and post-graduate courses. Besides it provides facilities for attending workshops on topics that avail students a great opportunity to progress in every opportunity they utilize. The Master of Technology (MTech) course is offered to Structural Engineering, Software Engineering, Machine Design, Embedded Systems. The college also offers Master of Business Administration (MBA) courses through its department of management.

Courses

Viswam Engineering College course offerings have expanded to meet students' educational needs and interests. The following programs are offered:

Under Graduation: B.Tech
 Civil Engineering – 90 Seats
 Electrical & Electronics Engineering – 60 Seats
 Mechanical Engineering – 90 Seats
 Electronics & Communications Engineering – 120 Seats
 Computer Science & Engineering – 120 Seats

Post Graduation: M.Tech
 Structural Engineering (CE) – 18 Seats
 Software Engineering (CSE) – 18 Seats
 Machine Design (ME) – 18 Seats
 Embedded Systems (ECE) – 18 Seats

Post Graduation: Management Studies Courses
 Master of Business Administration – 240 Seats

Extra-curricular activities

Sports
Every year an Inter-Department Fest, an inter-department sports competition is held. Sports in the Fest are basketball, football, cricket, badminton, volleyball, kabaddi, handball, throwball and track and field. Indoor games include carroms, chess and table tennis.  Tournaments match Viswam Engineering College with other colleges.

NSS unit
The main activities of the NSS unit are Plantation, Blood donation camp, services at orphanages and old age homes, road safety and anti-ragging squads, medical camps in villages, environmental awareness and programs, services to physically and mentally challenged people, issue of Voter ID cards (students and staff), first aid training and fire drills.

Placement cell
The Viswam Engineering College placement cell was established in 2006 with the objective of creating career opportunities for promising students in companies.

The training and placement wing facilitates contacts between companies and engineering and management graduates. It ensures that students have the information and skills necessary for an effective job search.

References

Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in 2006
2006 establishments in Andhra Pradesh


title: Ailakundi

text:
Ailakundi is a village in Bankura I Sub District in Bankura district, West Bengal, India.

Demographics
According to 2011 census of India, the village has a population of 1,207; 617 are male and 590 female.

References

Villages in Bankura district


title: 2001 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone

text:
The Europe/Africa Zone was one of the three zones of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2001.

In the Europe/Africa Zone there were four different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.

Group I

Winners in Group I advanced to the World Group qualifying round, along with losing teams from the World Group first round. Teams who lost in the first round competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group I, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2002.

Participating nations

Draw

Group II

Winners in Group II advanced to the Europe/Africa Zone Group I. Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 2002.

Participating nations

Draw

Group III
The top two teams in each Group III sub-zone advanced to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2002, whereas the bottom two teams in each sub-zone were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group IV in 2002.

Participating nations

Zone A

Draw

Final standings

  and  promoted to Group II in 2002.
  and  relegated to Group IV in 2002.

Zone B

Draw

Final standings

  and  promoted to Group II in 2002.
  relegated to Group IV in 2002.

Group IV
The top two teams in each Group IV sub-zone advanced to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 2002. All other teams remained in Group IV.

Participating nations

Zone A

Draw

Zone B

Draw

References

External links
Davis Cup official website

Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone
Europe Africa Zone


title: Family Reunion (Blink-182 song)

text:
"Family Reunion" is a song by the American rock band Blink-182. The song, which lasts only 35 seconds, is essentially a sung-through version of comedian George Carlin's seven dirty words routine: shit, piss, fuck, cunt, cocksucker, motherfucker, and tits, with the addition of fart, turd, and twat (words which Carlin had also mentioned in follow ups to the routine). Recorded in 1999, it was distributed as a promotional single for the band's third album, Enema of the State.

Background
"Family Reunion" originated during the band's live concerts, where they created the song while joking around. A studio version was recorded at the behest of NOFX frontman Fat Mike, and it was included on Short Music for Short People, a 1999 Fat Wreck Chords compilation, featuring 101 short 30-second songs. The studio version was produced and mixed by Jerry Finn. The song was also released on a promotional CD given for free to radio programmers and record stores promoting the release of the band's third album, Enema of the State (1999).

The song is a staple of Blink-182's concert set lists. Numerous live recordings exist, most notably on the band's sole live album, The Mark, Tom and Travis Show (The Enema Strikes Back!) (2000). In 2015, Rolling Stone contributor Andy Greene named it the band's "single most juvenile song."

Notes

External links

Blink-182 songs
1999 songs
Comedy rock songs
Songs written by Mark Hoppus
Songs written by Tom DeLonge


title: Exocarpos homalocladus

text:
Exocarpos homalocladus, commonly known as the grass tree, is a flowering plant in the sandalwood family. The specific epithet comes from the Greek  (“flat”) and  (“cladode”, a leaf-like stem, specialised for photosynthesis), with reference to the structure of the plant.

Description
It is a shrub or small tree growing to 4 m in height. The flat cladodes are 50–100 mm long, 1–2 mm wide. True leaves only occur on juvenile shoots; they are narrowly lanceolate, 50–80 mm long, 5–15 mm wide. The tiny yellow-green flowers occur in clusters from March to July. The fruits are red and fleshy, 8 mm long and seated on swollen red stalks that turn translucent pink when ripe.

Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea, where it is fairly common and found from sea level to the summits of the mountains.

References

homalocladus
Endemic flora of Lord Howe Island
Plants described in 1872
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller
Taxa named by Charles Moore


title: National symbols of Ukraine

text:
The national symbols of Ukraine include a variety of official and unofficial symbols and other items that are used in Ukraine to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life and history.

Symbols

References


title: Crucible of Horror

text:
Crucible of Horror is a 1971  horror film directed by Viktors Ritelis, produced by Gabrielle Beaumont, and starring Michael Gough, Yvonne Mitchell, and Sharon Gurney. Its plot follows a mother who, along with her daughter, plots to murder her abusive husband at his hunting cottage.

A co-production between the British Abacus Productions and the American-based Cannon Group, the film was shot in England in 1969 under the title The Velvet House. It was first released theatrically in the United States as Crucible of Horror, opening in New York City on 11 November 1971, and was released the United Kingdom the following year, under the title The Corpse.

Plot
Walter Eastwood is a wealthy and controlling patriarch who demeans and abuses his diminutive artist wife, Edith, and their teenage daughter, Jane. Walter's misogyny is shared by his son Rupert, who repeatedly refuses his mother's request that he pick up art supplies for her and mocks the idea of his younger sister getting a job since her father refuses to give her an allowance. During dinner at the family's large estate one night, Walter's friend, Gregson, arrives, and is greeted by Jane at the door. Jane tells her father that Gregson tried to kiss her. After dinner, Walter discovers Jane has stolen money, and brutally beats her with a cane. The following day, Edith proposes to Jane that they murder Walter.

When Walter plans a hunting trip to his remote cottage, Edith and Jane opt to remain home, while Rupert is unable to accompany him owing to a prior obligation. Edith and Jane arm themselves with a shotgun and trail Walter to the cottage, but their plans to kill him are thwarted when he hears them enter the house. The women pretend to have changed their minds, wanting to spend the weekend with him. Edith soon draws her shotgun, forcing Walter to sit and listen to her plight as she pours him a drink spiked with a sedative. The women liken Walter to the Marquis de Sade, whose writings they have recently read, and Walter responds with disgust that they would read such material. During the confrontation, Walter collapses unconscious.

Using a funnel, Edith forces more liquor down Walter's throat as he lies incapacitated, before she and Jane drag his body upstairs and place it in his bed, in an attempt to make his death appear as an alcohol-narcotic overdose. The women then return home in the middle of the night, and the following day, nervously await for Walter's body to be discovered. At night, Edith has a nightmare in which she sees a ghostly version of herself levitating outside, before descending into a nearby pond. The following morning, Edith phones the cottage and speaks with the family's maid, Mrs. Roberts, who is maintaining her cleaning duties there, and asks to speak to Walter. Mrs. Roberts tells Edith that it does not appear Walter is there. Later, Rupert phones the house, concerned as he has been unable to reach Walter, and demands they go to check on the cottage.

Edith and Jane return to the cottage, and are shocked to find Walter's bed empty. Outside, they discover a wooden crate, which inexplicably contains Walter's dead body. Moments later, they are approached by Reid, an architect friend of Walter. Reid tells them Walter failed to meet him for their planned hunting the day before. While Edith prepares tea, a suspicious Reid investigates the home, finding the bottle of sleeping pills in Walter's room. After Reid departs, the women drive the box containing Walter's corpse to a remote abandoned factory and push it over an embankment into a pond.

The women return home, where they are plagued by nightmares and frightening incidents, including the parlour window being smashed in. When Edith enters her art studio, she is startled by Walter's body, which she sees dangling upside down from a rafter. Edith frantically runs downstairs, where she finds an equally-terrified Jane. When Walter approaches her, Edith collapses. The next morning, Walter enters the kitchen as usual for his morning breakfast, and is met by Jane, Edith, and Rupert—everything appears to be as it was before he was killed. At the table, Walter humiliates Jane by reading a letter she has received from Benjy Smith, a local boy who is infatuated with her. He then tauntingly asks Edith what she has planned for the day. She stares blankly, a tear dripping down her face.

Cast

Themes
Film scholar Bryan Senn notes a subtext of incest in Crucible of Horror, writing that: "Even more disturbing is the notion that beneath the obvious dysfunction and constant tension [among the family]...  runs a sordid subtext of incestuous desire." Senn cites several moments in the film, including Walter running his hands up Jane's arm, as well as his spoken obsession with her whereabouts, as suggesting that his character is sexually attracted to his daughter, and may have in fact sexually abused her.

Production

Screenplay
The script, written by Olaf Pooley, was originally titled The Velvet House and was loosely based on the film Les Diaboliques (1955).

Casting
Mitchell and Michael Gough were at the time well-known stage performers and Gough was a 'fixture' in British horror films. Rupert and Jane were played by Michael Gough's real-life son Simon and Simon's fiancée Sharon Gurney. The two married in 1970, before the film was released.

Filming
The film's meagre £55,000 budget was raised from London-Cannon Films, the British branch of the American film distributor Cannon Films. The low budget meant that expenses had to be minimal, so an actual house was used for on-location filming, with the remainder shot at Merton Park Studios in London. Crucible of Horror was Ritelis's only movie, but he had 'a long and fruitful career as a television director". Filming started on 17 March 1968. The film's on-screen credits list a 1971 copyright statement for May Films, Ltd'; but The Corpse/Crucible of Horror was never registered for copyright.

According to the film's assistant director, Nicholas Granby, owing to prior obligations, director Viktors Ritelis was forced to depart the production prior to its completion, and producer Gabrielle Beaumont took on directorial responsibilities for the last several weeks of filming.

Release
One of the film's two production companies, the American-based Cannon Group, produced the film under the title of their London branch, London-Cannon Films. Cannon Films handled distribution of the film in the United States, releasing it regionally as a double bill with Cauldron of Blood (1969), starring Boris Karloff. The double-bill opened in San Antonio, Texas beginning 19 July 1971. It later screened in Burlington, North Carolina beginning on 14 August 1971. The film opened theatrically in New York City on 11 November 1971.

The film was not submitted to the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) until after the BBFC had changed 'the threshold of the X category' on 1 July 1970 when the minimum audience-member age for exhibition was raised from 16 to 18. The film was given its X certification on 19 December 1971 after unspecified cuts were made. It was subsequently released in the United Kingdom through Grand National Pictures on an X cert double-bill alongside Psycho Killer (1970). It screened on this double-bill in Manchester beginning 24 April 1972.

By the summer of 1973, Crucible of Horror was on the US drive-in theatre circuit. For example, it was shown on 1 and 2 June 1973, a Friday and Saturday, as the third film on a triple-bill at the Mt. Lebanon Drive-In Theatre in Washington, Pennsylvania. The other two films were the non-horror Fists of Fury (1972) and Prime Cut (1972). The film was later featured on the syndicated American TV programme Elvira's Movie Macabre on 27 November 1982. It was the 13th episode of the show's second series.

Critical response
Reviews of Crucible of Horror at the time of its premiere in the US tended to be favourable. Howard Simpson of The New York Times attended the opening night of Cauldron of Blood and Crucible of Horror and writes in his review that the former is 'painful to watch' and that 'the one to see, without running' is the latter. He states that Crucible of Horror is 'superbly directed by Viktors Ritelis and beautifully played by Yvonne Mitchell, Sharon Gurney and Michael Gough' and notes that 'for tight, merciless tension and venom, the movie is uncommonly effective and engrossing'. He adds that 'the twist of a civilized, very British fadeout ... is the most horrifying thing of all. Quite a picture. Quite'.

BoxOffice magazine also praised the film upon its release, saying that 'no one can deny that [it] isn't effectively done.' The anonymous review says that 'Director Viktor Ritelis livened the pace with fast-cut flashbacks, psychedelic dream sequences and some well-mounted horror touches at the end'. It notes the high quality of the acting and reports that 'Young Sharon Gurney gets introductory billing, celebrating the occasion by plunging in with a nude scene, hysterics and a sharp sense of defying her elders'. The magazine rates Crucible of Horror as 'good' on its poor-to-very-good scale].

Ann Guarino of The New York Daily News gave a middling review, awarding the film two stars out of four and cited its "deadly pace," adding that it "will barely keep you awake."

Home media
After its brief theatrical runs in the UK and US, the film has had sporadic official US VHS releases and several bootleg DVD releases. The very first VHS release was from Paragon Video in 1983. A later VHS release came from Goodtimes in 1987, utilizing a battered and cut down 16mm print with the US "Crucible of Horror" title. This release was unlicensed, as it was presumed the title had fallen into public domain by that time. As MGM had assumed The Cannon Group catalog after Crédit Lyonnais took full control from Pathé Communications, MGM/UA Home Video put out an officially licensed release in 1993 and reissued in 1998, utilizing a transfer made from an original film element with the US title. Despite being in a cropped 1.33:1 ratio, this release was considered the best available version to date and was the source for DVD releases put out by Trinty Home Entertainment and bootleg outfit Mr. Fat W Video.

Scream Factory announced plans to bring this title onto Blu-Ray, under licence from MGM. This release came out on April 10, 2018, utilizing a restored 2k scan of the best available film element under its Crucible of Horror title, and presented in the original 1.66:1 widescreen ratio along with the films US theatrical trailer.

As of 2021, this title has not been released on video in the UK in any form, presumably owing to rights problems.

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1971 films
1971 horror films
1970s horror drama films
American horror films
British horror films
Films about misogyny
Films set in country houses
Golan-Globus films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
1970s British films


title: Protoxerula

text:
Protoxerula is a fungal genus in the family Physalacriaceae. Described in 2010 by American mycologist Ron Petersen, the genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Protoxerula flavo-olivacea. This species was originally described as a Xerula in 2008 and transferred to Oudemansiella the following year before the new genus was circumscribed to accommodate it. P. flavo-olivacea is known from northeastern Australia, where it fruits singly to scattered in undisturbed rainforest, usually near plants from the genera Acacia, Agathis, and Corymbia. The variety kimberleyana, named for its type locality in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, has a greenish-cream cap colour, gills that become white and readily crumble when dry, long pseudorhiza (a cordlike structure resembling a plant root) with a hairy surface, ellipsoid basidiospores, thick-walled "hairs" (setae) on the cap surface, and a unique capitulate ("head-like") pleurocystidia.

References

Fungi of Australia
Monotypic Basidiomycota genera
Physalacriaceae
Taxa named by Ron Petersen


title: Calling / Breathless

text:
"Calling" / "Breathless" is the 40th single released by Japanese boy band Arashi. "Calling" was used as the theme song for the drama Last Hope starring Arashi member Masaki Aiba. "Breathless" was used as the theme song for the movie Platina Data starring Arashi member Kazunari Ninomiya.

It debuted at number one on the Oricon Singles Chart. According to Oricon, this was the sixth best selling single of the year in Japan, with 881,192 copies.

Single information
The single was released in three editions: a regular edition and two limited editions. The regular edition includes the two A-sides, two bonus tracks, and the karaoke version of all the songs. Limited edition A includes a bonus DVD with the music video for "Calling" while limited edition B includes a bonus DVD with the music video for "Breathless". Both limited editions also include a 12-page lyrics booklet.

Composition
The music for "Calling" was written by Andreas Johansson and Youwhich. The lyrics were written by s-Tnk and Eltvo. A writer from CDJournal described "Calling" as a "rocking number". The song features edgy synths that accent a heavy band sound. "Breathless" was composed by Takuya Harada, Christofer Erixon, and Joakim Björnberg, with lyrics by Hydrant. CDJournal described it as a cool dance tune that also has hard elements.

Track listing

See also
 List of Oricon number-one singles of 2013

References

External links
 Calling/Breathless product information

2013 singles
Arashi songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
J Storm singles
Japanese film songs


title: Voyager Estate

text:
Voyager Estate is an Australian winery located in the Margaret River wine region of Western Australia. James Halliday gives the winery his highest ranking, five red stars, in his "Halliday Australian Wine Companion". According to Ray Jordan, wine writer for The West Australian, the winery produces excellent wines.

Location
The Voyager Estate property lies in the cool meso-climate of Stevens Valley within the greater Wallcliffe sub-region of the Margaret River. This wine region is virtually unique in Australia in that it is surrounded on three sides by the Indian Ocean. The vines benefit from the maritime climate. The land is part of the Leeuwin's Naturaliste Ridge, rising from ancient granite land mass 2,000 million years old, among the world's oldest soils.

The Margaret River region has a low mean annual temperature range and in terms of rainfall, a Mediterranean climate with a low annual rainfall between October and April. In a dry vintage it is very similar in climate to Pomerol and Saint Èmilion in Bordeaux. This location, long regarded as key growing area for the finest Margaret River Chardonnay has also developed a reputation for producing elegant Cabernet Sauvignon and other Bordeaux varieties.

Estate and facilities
Both Leeuwin Estate and Xanadu Wines are located nearby; along with Voyager, they are considered the region's most acclaimed wineries and form the nucleus of the ‘Golden Triangle of Chardonnay’.

Voyager Estate's Cape Dutch-style tasting room and rose garden are major tourist attractions, and the winery is also known for its restaurant, named the best Regional Restaurant of the Year for 2018 by the WA Good Food Guide Awards. In the same competition, the same group  named Head Chef Santiago (Santi) Fernandez as Best Regional Chef, and the Voyager Estate Restaurant took third place in the publication's ranking of the Top-50 Western Australian Restaurants.

Peter Gherardi planted the initial 14ha (35 acres) of vineyards in 1978 and named his winery Freycinet Estate. He purchased 40ha (99 acres) in the Stevens Valley after having read research done by Dr. Harold Olmo and Dr. John Gladstones, both of whom believed the Margaret River region had tremendous potential to grow grapes. “There was a lot of talk around the area that we were climatically similar to Bordeaux." said Gherardi, "So I planted Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, a little bit of Cabernet Franc and then the Bordeaux whites, Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon and also Chenin Blanc."  These original vineyard blocks still surround the winery's cellar door, and the four additional vineyards of Voyager Estate are planted on well drained gravelly soils on adjoining properties.

The property was purchased in 1991 by Australian businessman Michael Wright, who renamed it Voyager Estate. Wright was a teetotaler who loved agriculture and the Margaret River region. His environmental consciousness was paired with a fanatical attention to detail in the vineyards. At the time of his death in 2012, the property had grown to 110ha (270 acres), all farmed following a “balanced and sustainable” form of viticulture, drawing upon organic principals and using organic composts and seaweed extracts to replace commercial fertilizer. Following Wright's passing, his daughter Alex Burt (née Wright) took over ownership of the property. She continues her father's careful, environmental approach to viticulture and winemaking, and two-thirds of its vineyards currently meet Australian Certified Organic standards, with the final third to be certified in 2019.

Management
Steve James, Manager of Winemaking and Viticulture, began working for Voyager Estate as a viticulturalist and has been instrumental in the property's conversion to organic farming. His interest in all aspects of wine production carries over to the entire team, with winemakers and viticulturists working together over the course of the year to make sure that they are able to make best use of each vineyard and each block.  Integrated pest control management is used, all pruning, leaf plucking, shoot tinning and green harvesting is done by hand, and flocks of local sheep are brought in to trim weeds.

A similar light-touch approach is utilized in the vinification. Grapes are hand-harvested and pass through a sorting table in order to ensure that only the highest-quality grapes are processed. Each block is handled separately until blending. Natural yeast is used in the white wines, and only the free-run juice is retained for the Estate Chardonnay, resulting in an elegant wine that reflects its vineyard source. Only tight-grained French oak barrels are used in the èlevage, adding finesse to the finished wine without taking over as the primary characteristic of the wine.

In addition to being widely available in Australia, Voyager Estate wines are exported to the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Taiwan, Canada, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Denmark, China and Germany.

See also

 Australian wine
 List of wineries in Western Australia
 Western Australian wine
Margaret River Wine Association

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 – official site

Food and drink companies established in 1978
Margaret River, Western Australia
Wineries in Western Australia
1978 establishments in Australia


title: Guertler House

text:
The Guertler House is a historic house located at 101 Blair St. in Alton, Illinois. Stonemason Ignaz Bruch built the house in 1854. Bruch, who immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1846, was a prominent Illinois stonemason who constructed buildings in cities ranging from Chicago to St. Louis, Missouri. The Guertler House is a Federal building with three bays. The front door and windows have a pointed arch design, while the second story of the house's west side has a single Gothic arch window.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1974.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Federal architecture in Illinois
Houses completed in 1854
National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, Illinois
Houses in Madison County, Illinois


title: Orenburg State University

text:
Orenburg State University (, Orenburgskiy gosudárstvennyy universitét), previously known as Orenburg Polytechnic Institute (, , OGU), is a university in Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast, Russia.

History
The university was founded in 1955 as a branch of Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute. In 1971, it converted into Orenburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1994, it became Orenburg State Technical University. In 1996, converted into Orenburg State University. In 2014, Orenburg State Institute of Management integrated with Orenburg State University.

Staff and students
The university employs more than 1,200 academics and 1,800 support staff. More than 40,000 undergraduates and 3,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled.

Campus

The university's main campus is composed of four education buildings, a dining hall, a health-improving and physical training gym with sport grounds, a library, students’ polyclinic and the Chapel of Saint Martyr Tatiana.
The OSU campus also includes:
Dormitories
Medical Prophylactics Center
Students’ Center
The Palace of Culture "Russia"
The Palace of Youth Creativity "Progress"
OSU Museum
Geologic Museum

Institutions and research centres
Institute of Bioelements is the satellite centre to Trace Element — Institute for UNESCO in Russia
Institute of Micro and Nanotechnology
Laboratory electronic media for educational purposes
Small Academy of Public Administration
Interdepartmental laboratory of geographic information technologies
Interdisciplinary Regional Centre of Training and Retraining
Meteorological Training Station
Research Institute of History and Ethnography of the Southern Urals
Research Institute of Regional Economy
Research Centre for monitoring of buildings and structures
Research and Education Center of Biochemical Physics of Nanosystems

Rectors
 Aleksander Burba (1971-1983)
 Ramses Abdrashitov (1983-1987)
 Anatoly Kozachenko  (1987-1989)
 Victor Bondarenko (1989-2006)
 Vladimir Kovalevsky (2006-2015)
 Zhanna Ermakova (2015-2020)
 Sergey Miroshnikov (acting rector since 2020)

Alumni
Vladimir Elagin, governor of Orenburg Oblast (1991–1999)
Nikolay Grigoryev, rector of The Moscow State Technological University
Yuriy Berg, governor of Orenburg Oblast 2010-2019
Denis Pasler, governor of Orenburg Oblast (since 2019)

Notes and references

External links
 Orenburg  State University

International cooperation
The university has many connections with foreign universities in Germany, Japan, Portugal, Finland and some other countries.

OSU has a Japanese Information Center, opened in 2006. The main goal of the Japanese Center is to develop economic, scientific, and cultural ties between Russia and Japan at the regional level, popularize all aspects of cooperation in the business environment, the university community, and the general public. Japanese language courses are organized on the basis of the Japanese Information Center.

In addition, the university has centers for English, Chinese, German, French and Slavic languages.

Students with excellent academic performance have the opportunity to participate in a student exchange program and study in Japan, Germany and Finland.

Universities in Volga Region
Universities and institutes established in the Soviet Union
1955 establishments in Russia
Buildings and structures in Orenburg


title: VA-34 (1943–1969)

text:
VA-34, nicknamed the Blue Blasters, was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron  was established as Fighter Squadron VF-20 on 15 October 1943, redesignated as VF-9A on 15 November 1946, as VF-91 on 12 August 1948, and as VF-34 on 15 February 1950. It was finally redesignated VA-34 on 1 July 1955. The squadron was disestablished on 1 June 1969. It was the second squadron to bear the VA-34 designation, the first one having been renamed VA-35 in 1950.

Squadron Insignia and Nickname
The squadron's first insignia was approved for use by VF-20 during World War II, and was a "Joker" breaking out of a deck of cards carrying a machine gun. This insignia was selected by the squadron because the young and inexperienced pilots in the squadron were referred to as the "Jokers". It was approved by Chief of Naval Operations on 15 March 1944. The next insignia adopted by the squadron was the outline of a human skull, approved by CNO on 1 February 1946. Superimposed on the nose of a skull was a human skeleton with the arms holding paddles that became the eyes of the skull, while the teeth were represented by the word “Fighting 20.” On 10 June 1949, CNO approved another modification to the squadron insignia which embellished the skull design. This insignia was in use from 1949 until the squadron's disestablishment in 1969. In 1957 the squadron adopted the Blue Blasters nickname, taking inspiration from their blue tail colors and their nuclear weapon delivery capability; hence the name "Blue Blasters."

Operational history

World War II
VF-20 "Jokers" was established on 15 October 1943 as part of Air Group 20 stationed at Naval Air Station San Diego, California. The squadron was composed of numerous newly winged Naval Aviators along with a few combat veterans. On 16 April 1944 the squadron departed Naval Air Station Alameda aboard  en route to Hawaii for four months of operational training prior to its first combat tour.

On 31 August 1944, the squadron's first combat action came as combat strikes were flown from  in squadron F6F Hellcats against the Bonin Islands. Strikes followed to Yap and Palau Islands, Peleliu Island, Okinawa, Formosa, Luzon, and Leyte. VF-20 was heavily involved in the initial invasion operations in the Philippines, including the epic Battle of Leyte Gulf from 24–25 October 1944. VF-20 aircraft struck elements of all three Japanese Task Forces which were converging on Leyte Gulf.

On 11 December 1944, VF-20 cross-decked to the

On 14 December 1944, Lieutenant (junior grade) Douglas Baker was on a strike mission against Clark Field on Luzon when he encountered Japanese fighter opposition. During this engagement he destroyed four Japanese aircraft before being shot down by antiaircraft fire and lost in the action. This final action brought his air-to-air kills to 16, making him one of the high ranking aces for the Navy. Only eight other Navy pilots equaled or exceeded this record.

From December 1944 to January 1945, VF-20 engaged in another series of combat actions, flying missions against targets on and around Luzon, Formosa, French Indochina (Vietnam), Hong Kong, the South China Sea, and Okinawa. Many of these operations were in support of the landings at Lingayen Gulf.

As part of Admiral Halsey's Northern Strike Group, VF-20 assisted in sinking one of the world's largest battleships, the Japanese battleship Musashi (sister ship to the Yamato), and was given credit for partial kills on several Japanese cruisers and destroyers.

22 January 1945 was the last day of combat action for the squadron during World War II. In February 1945 the Jokers embarked on  at Ulithi and departed for the United States, arriving there in the latter part of the month.

During WWII, eight VF-20 pilots became aces, 12 pilots received the Navy Cross and 22 received the Silver Star. VF-20 was credited with the destruction of over 15 ships and 407 aircraft, not counting the even greater number that were damaged but not destroyed. For their combat efforts the command was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation in 1944 and 1945, along with the Navy Unit Citation while aboard Enterprise.

In April 1946, the squadron transitioned to the F8F Bearcat.

From July to September 1948, in cooperation with Commander Operational Development Force, Atlantic Fleet, the squadron participated in the experimental carrier controlled approach program aboard the .

1950s
In November 1950, VF-34 transitioned to its first jet aircraft, the F9F Panther.

After returning from a cruise aboard  in December 1951, the unit transferred to NAS Cecil Field, Florida.

In February 1952, the squadron began initial training in the F2H Banshee

In April 1953 the squadron embarked on  with its F2H-2s to conduct evaluation tests on the Navy's angled deck.

On 26 May 1954 the squadron was aboard , en route to the Mediterranean Sea, when an explosion aboard ship resulted in the death of 7 squadron personnel. The ship returned to the States and the squadron disembarked.

On 31 October 1954 Ensign Duane L. Varner completed a 1,900 mile nonstop, non-refueling, transcontinental flight from Los Alamitos, California, to NAS Cecil Field in a squadron F2H-2. His flight took 3 hours and 58 minutes and set a new long distance record for the Banshee.

In early 1956, VA-34 accepted its first F7U Cutlass, which it operated until receiving A-4 Skyhawks in March 1957. The squadron was the first Skyhawk squadron to deploy to the Mediterranean.

On 4 March 1958 during cross-deck operations, the squadron landed its A4D-1 Skyhawks aboard .

In July 1958, VA-34 flew support missions during the amphibious landings in Beirut, Lebanon, by U.S. Marines.

In June 1959, whilst operating from NAS Mayport, the squadron conducted the first operational firing of the Bullpup air-to-ground missile in the Atlantic Fleet.

1960s
From 1959 through 1966, the Blue Blasters operated from the decks of  and .

In April 1961, VA-34's A4D-2 Skyhawks operated from  in the Caribbean Sea during the Bay of Pigs invasion. This operation involved the first use of jet attack aircraft as part of an ASW Air Group, CVSG-60, operating aboard an ASW designated carrier.

From 26 October to 8 November 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the entire squadron flew aboard  to augment the assigned air wing. VA-34 flew numerous missions in support of Cuban quarantine, later transferring to  until her return to the United States on 26 November.

From 3–21 December 1962 the squadron was aboard  for carrier refresher training in the Caribbean and continued operations relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

From December 1963 to February 1964 the squadron provided detachments of A-4C Skyhawks aboard  and . The aircraft were used for Combat Air Patrol to provide a fighter capability for the ASW carriers.

From May to December 1967, the squadron deployed to the Gulf of Tonkin during the Vietnam War aboard . This was the squadron's first combat action since 1945.

Attack Squadron 34 was disestablished on 29 May 1969.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
Naval Air Station San Diego – 15 Oct 1943*
Naval Air Station Atlantic City – 16 Apr 1945
Naval Auxiliary Air Station Edenton – 26 Jun 1945
Naval Auxiliary Air Station Elizabeth City – 02 Nov 1945
Naval Auxiliary Air Station Charlestown –  11 Mar 1946
Naval Air Station Quonset Point – 1 May 1947
Naval Auxiliary Air Station Charlestown –  26 Jun 1948
Naval Air Station Quonset Point – 01 Dec 1949
Naval Air Station Sanford – 1 May 1951
Naval Air Station Jacksonville – 06 Oct 1952
Naval Air Station Cecil Field – 04 Feb 1953
* During the squadron's Pacific tour from April 1944 to February 1945 it operated from numerous air and shore stations.

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:

F6F-3 Hellcat – October 1943
F6F-5 Hellcat – July 1944
F8F-1 Bearcat – 3 April 1946
F8F-2 Bearcat – 3 December 1948
F9F-2 Panther – 27 November 1950
F2H-2 Banshee – 14 February 1952
F7U-3 Cutlass – 6 October 1955
A4D-1 Skyhawk – January 1957
A4D-2 Skyhawk – November 1958
A4D-2N/A-4C Skyhawk – 7 July 1962

See also
VA-34 (U.S. Navy)
VFA-34
Attack aircraft
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: The Silent Worker

text:
The Silent Worker was a newspaper published in the United States serving the deaf community.  Originally published in 1888 as the Deaf Mute Times, the paper was renamed that year to The Silent Worker.  The paper was published monthly from fall through spring by the New Jersey School for the Deaf  The Worker published articles, primarily written by deaf authors, highlighting the abilities and achievements of the deaf community in industry.

During the early 20th century, when most school administrations were transitioning away from the use of American Sign Language in favor of the oral method of instruction, the worker generally advocated a dissenting view.  Publication ceased in June 1929 following the dismissal of its editor, George Porter.

A new edition of the Silent Worker was published by the National Association for the Deaf beginning in 1948.

See also
Silent News
Elizabeth English Benson, featured 1906

Reference List

External links
Gallaudet University digital collection of The Silent Worker

Defunct newspapers published in New Jersey


Eagle Mountain Community Correctional Facility was a privately operated state correctional facility for men located in the modern California mining ghost town of Eagle Mountain, California.  The prison opened in a converted shopping center in 1988, operated by the Utah-based prison operator Management and Training Corporation under contract with the California Department of Corrections for the housing of 436 low-risk inmates.  The prison become the area's largest employer.

On October 25, 2003, a 90-minute riot broke out over viewing the 2003 World Series, involving 150 prisoners nearing release fighting predominantly along racial lines.  Inmates attacked each other with kitchen knives, meat cleavers, broom handles, dust pans, rocks, pipes, crutches and fire extinguishers.  The privately employed guards retreated, while state correctional officers were called in from Ironwood and Chuckawalla state prisons in Blythe, 61 miles distant.  Two black inmates were stabbed to death, seven others were critically injured, and dozens more hurt.  Eight inmates were ultimately charged with and convicted of murder.

The facility was closed later in 2003.

A proposed adaptive reuse analysis for the prison was done in 2007 by architectural firm DMJM (now part of AECOM).  The study recommended against re-opening the facility, based in part on its isolated location, the physical condition of the plant, and the fact that the demand for this level of correctional facility has been undercut by work release, home confinement, work furlough, treatment programs, and other state programs.

References

External links
 video of 2003 riot

Defunct prisons in California
Prisons in Riverside County, California
Management and Training Corporation
1991 establishments in California
2003 disestablishments in California


title: Casteel (surname)

text:
Casteel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Casteel (1948–2019), American murderer
Heaven Casteel, fictional character in V. C. Andrews novels
Homer Casteel (1879–1958), American politician
Homer Casteel Jr. (1919–1972), American painter, sculptor, writer and teacher
Jeff Casteel (born 1962), American football coach
Jordan Casteel (born 1989), American painter
Joshua Casteel (1979–2012), American soldier, conscientious objector, and playwright
Lauren Young Casteel (born 1953), American civil rights activist
Miles W. Casteel (1895–1977), American football coach
Ryan Casteel (born 1991), American baseball player
Seth Casteel, American photographer

See also
Casteels, another surname


title: George Sweetland

text:
George James Sweetland (August 5, 1872 – March 29, 1954) was an American physician as well as a coach of many sports including basketball, track and field and football at several universities.

Early life
Sweetland was born in Dryden, New York on  August 5, 1872.  He was the fifth child of George James and Hannah Marsh Sweetland.    He is the brother of  Monroe Marsh Sweetland, who founded Delta Chi fraternity and Edwin Sweetland noted college football coach.

He graduated from Dryden Academy, and went on to attend Union College in Schenectady, New York. At Union, Sweetland played fullback and center on the football team and was named captain of the team in 1896 season.  He transferred to Hobart College in Geneva, New York where he graduated with a Bachelor of Letters in 1897.  At Hobart he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity as well as earning a letter in football in 1896. Over the next few years Sweetland gained addition education and advanced degrees. He received a master's degree at Chautauqua School of Physical Education in Chautauqua, New York and graduated from the Grand Rapids Medical College—now part of the University of Michigan Medical School.
Sweetland served at the front with a unit from Michigan during the Spanish–American War. After the war he finished his medical training and started his coaching career.

Coaching career
After Sweetland returned from the war, but before he was officially mustered out of service, he served as coach of Alma College football team.  George B. Wells a student got the Alma football team ready before the season with Sweetland taking over once the season started.

Sweetland served as the head football coach at Iowa State Normal School—now known as the University of Northern Iowa—in 1899.

In 1901 he took over the coaching duties at Ishpeming High School in Ishpeming, Michigan.  He took over a team that had just won the state championship.  He continued the school's winning ways by coaching Ishpeming to the state championship in 1901 and 1902.  In his first season his team was declared the best team in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and was invited to play in the Michigan's State Championship Game sponsored by State Athletic Committee and the Interscholastic Department of the University Athletic Association.   His team faced Kalamazoo High School, the Lower Peninsula champion, who outweighed Ishpeming by 30 pounds a man.  Ishpeming won by a score of 27–21. The following year, they beat another larger team in the State Championship Game by defeating Benton Harbor High School by a score of 35–12.   Earlier in the season one of Benton Harbor's coaches received special access to Sweetland’s team by claiming to be a reporter from the Milwaukee Sentinel.  Sweetland got wind of the deception and let it continue.  When his team played Benton Harbor in the state championship, Sweetland had totally changed his formations and attack.  This confused his opponent and allowed Ishpeming to take an early lead from which Benton Harbor could not recover.  After watching Ishpeming victory over Benton Harbor, University of Michigan head coach Fielding H. Yost called Sweetland's team the "finest [High] School team he  ever saw."    Sweetland later credited Ishpeming's success to the "superb physical condition" of his players from working long hours in the mines during the summer and many hours of practice.

Sweetland left Ishpeming and take over the Department of Hygiene at the University of North Dakota. Part of his duties was to be in charge of the University Athletics including coaching the football and basketball teams.   His football team won three state titles.  He coached the basketball team from 1904 to 1908 and had a career record of 29 wins and 3 losses.

In 1908 Sweetland moved to the Pacific Northwest to pursue his interest in fruit tree cultivation. While there he took a job as athletic director and football coach at Everett High School in Washington.  He transformed the team into winners and brought them financial stability.  He coached the Everett High School for one season losing only one game.

On the recommendation of Yost, Willamette University in Salem, Oregon hired Sweetland as athletic director and football coach.
He coached the football team from 1909 to 1913 for a combined record of 20 wins and 4 losses.  Throughout his tenure as coach he consistently won even with smaller and less talented players.  Many times his team were smaller than high school team in the area. At Willamette he was known for taking ordinary talent and making very strong team.   The most notable win was in his last year when his Willamette team beat University of Oregon by a score of 6–3. After the victory over Oregon, Willamette named the athletic field after Sweetland.
By end of tenure at Willamette, there was a lot of speculation that he would be hired away by larger colleges in the Pacific Northwest including the University of Washington and the University of Oregon.  In the local paper in the city that the University of Oregon was located said that  "...If Oregon does not drop her petty feud and secure the services of the doctor, she will have missed one of her golden opportunities."  The paper went on to say “…He has done more for athletics at Willamette University than all the athletic directors of Oregon have accomplished together..."

Sweetland did not take a job with another college in the Pacific Northwest.  Instead he returned to upstate New York to take a job with Hobart College his alma mater. In 1914 Sweetland was named physical and athletic director at Hobart as well as being in charge of physical training of young women at William Smith College.  He was paid approximately $3000 a year to run the athletic department, coaching several sports including football, basketball, and baseball. Hobart President Lyman Powell wanted "...to make the college one of the best in the United States and he is selecting on his faculty the strongest men that can be obtained."  In football Sweetland was 1–5 the first year and 5–0–1 in his second year, one of few undefeated seasons in its history.  In basketball Sweetland won his first five games with Hobart, winning all four games in 1914–15 and the 1915–16 season opener.  No Hobart head basketball coach repeated this feat until Mike Neer on 2011.

After coaching
Sweetland abandoned his coaching career in 1916 due to the death of his brother Dr. John J. Sweetland who was killed in a car accident.  He left his position at Hobart moved to Constantine, Michigan to take over the medical practice of his brother.  He lived there the rest of his life until he died at Three River Hospital in 1954.  He was active in the community and was elected several times to the local school board. While in Constantine he remained active in athletics by donating the money for the high school athletic stadium in the name of his youngest child who died of Polio in 1937. He was also instrumental in creating the Tomahawk Trophy that is played for each year between Constantine High School and White Pigeon High School football teams.

Family
While at University of North Dakota, Sweetland met Mildred Mark and the couple were married in 1906 in Hood River, Oregon. They had three children. The oldest, Monroe Sweetland, was a Democratic National Committee member for Oregon and a member of the Oregon Legislative Assembly. The middle child, Ada, attended college in New York and Chicago and the youngest, George Jr., died of infantile paralysis at age 18.

Head coaching record

College football

References

External links

1872 births
1954 deaths
19th-century players of American football
Alma Scots football coaches
American football centers
American football fullbacks
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
High school football coaches in Michigan
High school football coaches in Washington (state)
Hobart Statesmen athletic directors
Hobart Statesmen football coaches
Hobart Statesmen football players
North Dakota Fighting Hawks athletic directors
North Dakota Fighting Hawks football coaches
North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's basketball coaches
Northern Iowa Panthers football coaches
Union Garnet Chargers football players
Willamette Bearcats athletic directors
Willamette Bearcats football coaches
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
People from Constantine, Michigan
People from Dryden, New York
Physicians from Michigan
Players of American football from New York (state)


title: Samsung Gear 2

text:
The Samsung Gear 2 and Samsung Gear 2 Neo are smartwatches produced by Samsung Electronics. Unveiled on February 22, 2014 at Mobile World Congress, the Gear 2 line is a successor to the Samsung Galaxy Gear.

In comparison to the Galaxy Gear, the most significant change made to the Gear 2 line was the replacement of Android with the Samsung-developed Tizen operating system, promising improved functionality (such as Samsung's S Health software and an integrated music player) and battery life. The design of the device itself was also refreshed with the move of its camera from the watchband to the watch itself (allowing users to replace their own bands), along with the addition of an infrared blaster and optical heart rate sensor.

Its successor, the Samsung Gear S, was released on November 7, 2014.

Specifications

Hardware
The Gear 2 retains a similar hardware design to the original Galaxy Gear, although a Home button has been added below the screen, and the device's 2-megapixel camera was moved from the strap to the top of the watch itself, alongside a newly added infrared blaster. This particular design change allows the strap to be user-replaceable. Two models of the Gear 2 were released, the Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo; the Gear 2 has a steel exterior and includes a camera, while the Gear 2 Neo is made from plastic and excludes the camera. They are otherwise identical.

The device's processor was upgraded to a 1.0 GHz dual-core Exynos 3250 system-on-chip. As with the Galaxy Gear, the Gear 2 has a 1.63-inch, 320 pixel-wide square-shaped Super AMOLED touchscreen, 512 MB of RAM, and 4 GB of internal storage. An optical heart rate monitor is located on the bottom of the device. Despite having a smaller, 300 mAh battery, the Gear 2 has increased battery life over its predecessor, with Samsung rating it for 2–3 days of normal use. As with the previous model, the device itself does not contain a charging port and must be placed inside a special Micro USB-equipped charging case.

Software
Unlike the original Galaxy Gear, which ran Android, the Gear 2 runs Tizen, a Linux-based operating system co-developed by Samsung. The Gear 2 uses a similar user interface to the Galaxy Gear, allowing users to sync notifications from a host device and display them the Gear's screen when received, use Smart Relay to automatically open the relevant app for the notification on their smartphone or tablet, use S Voice for dictation and voice commands, place and answer phone calls, and locate the host phone or tablet, or vice versa with the "Find My Device" tool. Notable new apps added on the Gear 2 include the fitness app S Health, WatchOn—a remote control app which integrates with its infrared blaster, and an integrated music player which can store songs on the device's internal storage. As with the Galaxy Gear, an updated Gear Manager app is installed on the Galaxy device to coordinate communications, customize the watch, and download apps from Samsung Apps. The Gear 2's Gear Manager adds the ability to customize which apps the watch displays notifications from, upload a custom wallpaper, and perform backups.

Reception
The Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo received mixed reviews. TechRadar considered the device to be a "much, much better attempt at making the smartwatch more relevant", with particular praise towards the streamlined design and ability to use custom watch straps, and its improved battery life, but panned the high cost of the device and its "convoluted" user interface.

References

External links

Samsung wearable devices
Products introduced in 2014
Smartwatches
Tizen-based devices


title: Arthur van Hoff

text:
Arthur van Hoff (born 16 February 1963) is a Dutch computer scientist and businessman.

Biography
After studying computer science at the University of Strathclyde and Hogere Informatica Opleiding, Van Hoff joined Sun Microsystems as an engineer with the Distributed Objects Everywhere team. In 1993, he joined the Java development team, writing the language's compiler and taking responsibility for its first release to Netscape in August 1995. In 1996, he left Sun, feeling that the options to develop Java outside of the organization were "too tempting", and established the startup Marimba, serving as its Chief Technology Officer. At Marimba, Van Hoff led the engineering team in developing a pull technology-based software distribution system, Castanet.

In 2002, Van Hoff left Marimba, which was acquired by BMC Software for $240 million. He started Strangeberry, a startup that developed software to play computer-stored content on televisions. It was acquired by TiVo, Inc. in January 2004 and he joined TiVo as Principal Engineer. He resigned from TiVo in 2005 and later joined Flipboard as their Chief Technology Officer. He left Flipboard in November 2012 and started Jaunt Virtual Reality with co-founders Tom Annau and Jens Christensen. He currently serves as Chief Technology Officer of Jaunt, Inc., as well as the Entrepreneur-in-Residence of Redpoint Ventures.

References

Dutch computer scientists
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Place of birth missing (living people)
Academics of the University of Strathclyde
Sun Microsystems people
Living people
Chief technology officers
1963 births


title: Peter Elstob

text:
Peter Frederick Egerton Elstob (22 December 1915 – 21 July 2002) was a British soldier, adventurer, novelist, military historian and entrepreneur. In his writing, he is best known for his lightly-fictionalized novel Warriors For the Working Day (1960) and his military history of the Battle of the Bulge, Hitler's Last Offensive (1971). He joined the Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, and later served in the Royal Tank Regiment in World War II, in which service he was promoted to sergeant and was Mentioned in Dispatches. He joined International PEN in 1962 and served first as general secretary and later as vice-president for seven years during the 1970s, rescuing the organisation from financial failure; he also secured the future of the Arts Theatre Club in London in 1946.  He prospered as an entrepreneur with a facial product called Yeast Pac, with several partners. In his obituary in The Guardian newspaper, Elstob was said to be

Biography
Peter Elstob was born in London, UK on 22 December 1915, in the midst of WW I. His father, Frederick, was a chartered accountant whose work drew him and his family first to Calcutta and then to the United States in the immediate aftermath of the war. The family struggled in the US because Frederick's credentials as a CA were not recognised there. Peter attended school in New York and New Jersey, graduating from Summit High School in 1934. Although he remained proudly British, he retained an American accent to the end of his life.

Following high school, Elstob began a series of escapades that showed his signature taste for adventure and unconventionality:Then, for no particular reason – except, perhaps, his life-long antagonism to authority – he ran away from home and signed on as a ship's bellboy. In Rio de Janeiro, he jumped ship, found a job and got engaged to the boss's daughter. His father tracked him down and persuaded him to go to the University of Michigan, but Elstob failed his freshman's year and got into trouble with the police. He was then sent to England with instructions to join the army. A letter of introduction to a friend of his father's led to a short service commission in the RAF.

His stint in the RAF was short; he was dismissed after five months for stunt flying. After several odd jobs, he decided to volunteer as a pilot for the Republicans in Spain. Shortly after his arrival he was arrested and imprisoned on suspicion of spying. He was eventually freed and sent to France due to the intervention of Medora Leigh-Smith, a young Labour Party official he had met in England; his experiences gave him the material for his first novel, The Spanish Prisoner (1939). In France, Leigh-Smith found she was pregnant, and the couple soon married.

On the outbreak of World War II, Elstob applied to rejoin the RAF, but after a long delay he was turned down. He then volunteered with the Royal Tank Regiment, eventually becoming a tank commander. After serving with the 3rd Battalion in India, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Libya, his battalion went to the UK for re-training, and he was assigned as radio operator to Sergeant "Buck" Kite, a winner of three Military Medals. As part of the 11th Armoured Division he fought in Normandy, Belgium, the Battle of the Bulge, and in Germany. Elstob was convinced that his rejection by the RAF and his inability to rise above the rank of sergeant was due to his efforts in Spain and supposed communist sympathies. His experiences in the Northwest European campaign gave him the material for his best-known novel, Warriors For the Working Day (1960).

During his "odd job" period before the war, Elstob met Arnold "Bushy" Eiloart in Glasgow, and during the war they formed a business partnership, marketing a beauty mask product called Yeast Pac, concocted with the help of Eiloart's wife, Mary. The product proved popular for many years and made both families financially secure. Following the war they partnered on several other ventures. The first was a writers' and artists' colony in Mexico. It was here that Elstob met artist Barbara Morton Zacheisz; in 1953, he and Leigh-Smith were divorced and he married Morton Zacheisz. The next venture was in 1958, an attempted trans-Atlantic balloon flight, with Elstob as manager and Eiloart as captain. While the attempt failed after 1,200 miles, Eiloart and his crew of three were able to make Barbados in their twin-hulled gondola. This adventure led to the non-fiction book The Flight of the Small World (1959).

During the 1960s Elstob joined the English centre of International PEN, the worldwide association of writers, quickly gaining a place on the executive committee and becoming press officer to the organisation. In 1967, he went to Lagos to seek the release of Wole Soyinka during the Biafran Civil War. During the following years he became more involved in PEN, eventually becoming its secretary-general and then vice-president over a seven-year term, placing the organisation on a firm financial footing. He was unpaid for this work, and neglected his own writing for the sake of the organisation. He was able to retire from his position in 1981, relocating to the New Forest, but he continued to attend International PEN conferences.

In 1971, Elstob's best regarded military history, Hitler's Last Offensive, on the Battle of the Bulge, was published. Elstob was one of the few British soldiers who had fought in that campaign, as part of the 29th Armoured Brigade. During this period he also wrote three popular history paperbacks for the Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II series: Bastogne: the road block (Battle book, No. 4); Battle of the Reichwald (Battle book, No. 19); and Condor Legion (Weapons book, No. 35). These are probably his best-selling works.

Elstob's writing included two other novels, The Armed Rehearsal (1960), about the Spanish Civil War, and Scoundrel (1986). He claimed that the last was based on a con man he had met on his travels, but his friends and associates believed it was largely autobiographical.

Personal life
Elstob was married to Medora Leigh-Smith from 1937 to 1953. They had five children. After their divorce he married Barbara Morton Zacheisz; they had two children.

Bibliography
 The Spanish Prisoner (1939)
 The Flight of the Small World (1959)
 The Armed Rehearsal (1960)
 Warriors For the Working Day (1960)
 Bastogne: the road block (1968)
 Battle of the Reichwald (1970)
 Hitler's Last Offensive (1971)
 Condor Legion (1973)
 Scoundrel (1986)

In popular culture
The protagonist of Gail F. Borden's novel Easter Day 1941 appears to be loosely based on Elstob, and his experiences in the fighting in the Western Desert in early 1941.

References

1915 births
2002 deaths
British historical novelists
British military historians
British military writers
Historians of World War II
English male novelists
20th-century English novelists
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Tank Regiment soldiers
Royal Air Force officers
British Army soldiers


title: Hemibungarus calligaster

text:
Hemibungarus calligaster is a species of venomous elapid snake, commonly known as the barred coral snake.

Distribution
This species is endemic to the Philippines.

References

Hemibungarus
Reptiles of the Philippines
Endemic fauna of the Philippines
Reptiles described in 1835
Taxa named by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann


title: Ocnogyna corsicum

text:
Ocnogyna corsicum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1832. It is found on Corsica and Sardinia. The habitat consists of grasslands, pastures, maquis, forest edges and mountain slopes.

The females are brachypterous.

The larvae are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on various plants, including Genista, Urtica, Trifolium, Taraxacum, Plantago and Gramineae species. Larvae can be found from April to June.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna corsicum corsica (Corsica)
Ocnogyna corsicum sardoa Staudinger, 1870 (Sardinia)

Gallery

References

External links

Ocnogyna corsica on Fauna Europaea

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1832
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Jules Pierre Rambur


title: Ocnogyna clathrata

text:
Ocnogyna clathrata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1934. It is found in Lebanon and on Cyprus and Rhodes.

The wingspan is about 35 mm.

The larvae feed on Ranunculus asiaticus.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna clathrata clathrata (Lebanon)
Ocnogyna clathrata cypriaca O. Bang-Haas, 1934 (Cyprus, Rhodes)

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1934


title: Ocnogyna herrichi

text:
Ocnogyna herrichi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1879. It is found in Turkey.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1879


title: Ocnogyna loewii

text:
Ocnogyna loewii is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1846. It is found in Asia Minor, Cyprus, Near East, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Daghestan, southern Uzbekistan, south-western Tajikistan, northern Iran and Afghanistan.

The wingspan is 27–28 mm. Adults are on wing from March to May.

The larvae feed Achillea, Chrysanthemum, Cirsium, Onopordum and Trifolium species.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna loewii loewii (Asia Minor, Near East)
Ocnogyna loewii armena Staudinger, 1871 (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Daghestan)
Ocnogyna loewii pallidior Christoph, 1884 (Kopet Dagh, Badhyz, southern Uzbekistan, south-western Tajikistan, northern Iran, Afghanistan)

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1846
Invertebrates of Cyprus


title: Dead letter queue

text:
In message queueing a dead letter queue (DLQ) is a service implementation to store messages that the messaging system cannot or should not deliver. Although implementation-specific, messages can be routed to the DLQ for the following reasons:

 The message is sent to a queue that does not exist.
 The maximum queue length is exceeded.
 The message exceeds the size limit.
 The message expires because it reached the TTL (time to live)
 The message is rejected by another queue exchange.
 The message has been read and rejected too many times.

Routing these messages to a dead letter queue enables analysis of common fault patterns and potential software problems. If a message consumer receives a message that it considers invalid, it can instead forward it an Invalid Message Channel, allowing a separation between application-level faults and delivery failures.

Queueing systems that incorporate dead letter queues include Amazon EventBridge, Amazon Simple Queue Service, Apache ActiveMQ, Google Cloud Pub/Sub, HornetQ, Microsoft Message Queuing, Microsoft Azure Event Grid and Azure Service Bus, WebSphere MQ, Solace PubSub+, Rabbit MQ, Apache Kafka and Apache Pulsar.

See also

 Poison message
 Dead letter mail

References

Inter-process communication
Events (computing)


title: Ocnogyna mutabilis

text:
Ocnogyna mutabilis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Turati in 1924. It is found in North Africa.

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1924


title: Ocnogyna parasita

text:
Ocnogyna parasita is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1790. It is found in the Alps, the Black Sea region, the Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor and southern Russia.

The wingspan is 30–34 mm for males and 20–22 mm for females. Adults are on wing from March to April.

The larvae are polyphagous and have been recorded feeding on Gentiana lutea, Plantago, Urtica and Scabiosa species. Larvae can be found in May and June. The species overwinter as a pupa or as an adult.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna parasita parasita (Moldova, Crimea, Alps, C.Europe)
Ocnogyna parasita arenosa Witt, 1980
Ocnogyna parasita lianea Witt, 1980
Ocnogyna parasita rothschildi A. Bang-Haas, 1912 (Lower Volga)

References

External links

Lepiforum e.V.

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1790
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


title: Ocnogyna pudens

text:
Ocnogyna pudens is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1853. It is found in North Africa.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna pudens pudens
Ocnogyna pudens leprieuri (Oberthür, 1878)

References

Spilosomina
Moths described in 1853


title: Ocnogyna zoraida

text:
Ocnogyna zoraida is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Adolphe Hercule de Graslin in 1836 or 1837. It is found in France, Spain and Portugal.

The wingspan is 21–35 mm. Adults are on wing in May.

The larvae feed on Plantago, Achillea, Taraxacum, Rumex, Urtica, Salvia, Astragalus, Galium and Ulex species. Larvae can be found from July to August.

Subspecies
Ocnogyna zoraida zoraida (Spain: Andalusia)
Ocnogyna zoraida hemigena (Graslin, 1850) (Pyrenees)

References

Spilosomina
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Adolphe Hercule de Graslin


title: Oeonosia aurifera

text:
Oeonosia aurifera is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1912. It is found in Western New Guinea in Indonesia.

References

Lithosiina
Moths described in 1912


United Nations Security Council Resolution 2139 was passed by a unanimous vote of the Council on February 22, 2014, and calls on all parties in the Syrian Civil War to permit free access to humanitarian aid.

On July 14, 2014, it was supplemented by United Nations Security Council Resolution 2165, allowing direct humanitarian access to four border crossings not controlled by the Syrian government.

References

External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Syria
2014 United Nations Security Council resolutions
2014 in Syria
February 2014 events


title: Oeonosia pectinata

text:
Oeonosia pectinata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Rob de Vos in 2007. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

References

Lithosiina
Moths described in 2007


title: Hold Me Tight (Cold Chisel song)

text:
"Hold Me Tight" is a 1983 song from Australian rock band Cold Chisel, and appeared on the album Twentieth Century. Released as double A-side single with No Sense it reached number 14 in the Australian charts. Although the song charted, it failed to receive much radio airplay and didn't appear on any later greatest hits compilations.

Lyrically similar to the Cole Porter song Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love, it comically lists groups that engage in sexual congress (Presidents and chauffeurs do it / Terrorists on sofas do it / Movie stars repeat it till it's right). Musically, it is in the style of 1950s rock songs. Tony Cohen, working with the band for the first time said it was, "a rude song about fucking that lasted about two minutes. It was not great but alright."

The single was released months before the release of the album Twentieth Century. The version that appeared on the album was slightly different from the single version, which had more reverb and a longer intro.

The video was directed by Chilean artist Eduardo Guelfenbein, who had also done the artwork for the album and the picture sleeves.

Charts

References

Cold Chisel songs
1983 songs
Songs written by Don Walker (musician)
Warner Music Group singles


title: Onythes colombiana

text:
Onythes colombiana is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1911. It is found in Colombia.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1911


title: Onythes flavicosta

text:
Onythes flavicosta is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1905. It is found in Peru.

References

Phaegopterina
Moths described in 1905


title: Onythes pallidicosta

text:
Onythes pallidicosta is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in Venezuela, Bolivia and Peru.

References

Phaegopterina


title: Opharus aeschista

text:
Opharus aeschista is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1911. It is found in Colombia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1911
Moths of South America


title: Opharus albiceps

text:
Opharus albiceps is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1901. It is found in Venezuela.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1901
Moths of South America


title: Opharus albijuncta

text:
Opharus albijuncta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1916. It is found in Colombia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1916
Moths of South America


title: Opharus almopia

text:
Opharus almopia is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1890. It is found in Colombia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1890
Moths of South America


title: Michael J. Roads

text:
Michael Joseph Roads, (born 14 April 1937) is a UK-born resident of Australia and an author of essays, articles and books including Talking with Nature – Journey Into Nature, Journey Into Oneness and Into a Timeless Realm. His more recent books include the award-winning novel Getting There, Through the Eyes of Love, Journeying with Pan (Books One, Two and Three), Insights of a Modern Mystic , Stepping Between Realities , From Illusion to Enlightenment and  Entering the Secret World of Nature.

Biography
Michael J. Roads was born in Cambridgeshire, England, and grew up as a farmer's son. He left school as early as he could and worked for his father. At the age of 21, he married his first wife, Treenie (née Barker), with whom he emigrated to Australia in 1964. Together, they had a beef and dairy farm and raised four children. During this time, he became one of the key members that initiated the Australian organic movement and he wrote his first book, on organic gardening, which became a bestseller. After selling the farm in the mid-70s, he and his late wife co-founded a spiritual community, which they left after four years, eventually moving to the Belligen Valley on the east coast of Australia. In 2007 he remarried Carolyn (née Silver). Currently they reside on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland.

In 1986 he experienced what he described as "a profound leap into a higher state of consciousness" and began writing his books and giving public talks. For over thirty years, Roads has been a writer and spiritual teacher in many countries around the world.

Teachings
In his writings he now focusses on denying the scientific consensus on COVID-19.

As well as in his own publications, Roads and his work have appeared in the publications and videos of a number of other writers, including Healthy-Living magazine, Wake-up World magazine,
Polly Darling,
GaiamTV's, Lilou Mace
Rick Archer, Buddha at the Gas Pump,

Publications

 A guide to organic living in Australia, , M. Fisher Bookshop, 1977
 Talking with Nature: Sharing the Energies and Spirit of Trees, Plants, Birds, and Earth, , H.J. Kramer; 1987
 The natural magic of mulch: organic gardening Australian style, , Greenhouse Publications, 1989
 Journey into Nature: A Spiritual Adventure, , H.J. Kramer; 1990
 Simple Is Powerful: Anecdotes for a Complex World, , H J Kramer, 1991
 Journey into Oneness: A Spiritual Odyssey, , H.J. Kramer,1994
 Into a Timeless Realm: A Metaphysical Adventure, , H.J. Kramer, 1996
 Getting There, , Hampton Roads Publishing Company, 1998
 The Magic Formula, , Silverroads Pub, June 2003
 Talking with Nature, Journey into Nature, , H.J. Kramer, 16 July 2003
 More Than Money, True Prosperity: A Wholistic Guide to Having It All, , Silverroads Pub, 2004
 The Oracle, , Roadslight, 2005
 The Boy with No Shadow, , Pineal Press, 2010
 Conscious Gardening: Practical and Metaphysical Expert Advice to Grow Your Garden Organically, , Quintessence, 2011
 A Glimpse of Something Greater, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2011
 Sago, the Caterpillar Who Wanted to Fly: The Teachings of Buzz-Buzz, the Enlightened Bumble Bee, , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013
 Through the Eyes of Love, Book One,  Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2013
 Through the Eyes of Love, Book Two, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2013
 Through the Eyes of Love, Book Three, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2013
 Stepping Between Realities, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2014
 Insights of a Modern Mystic, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2015
 From Illusion to Enlightenment, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2017
 Entering the Secret World of Nature, , Six Degrees Publishing Group, 2018

Video

 Michael Roads Videos, YouTube

DVD

 Choose Love, Wähle Liebe, Choisir L'Amour, New World View

References

External links
 Michael J. Roads International website
 WorldCat results for Michael J. Roads

Spiritual teachers
Spiritual writers
Australian writers
Living people
Organic gardeners
1937 births


title: Opharus aurogutta

text:
Opharus aurogutta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1896. It is found in Colombia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1896
Moths of South America


title: Opharus basalis

text:
Opharus basalis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found in Venezuela, Brazil and Bolivia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1856
Moths of South America


title: Opharus belus

text:
Opharus belus is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1897. It is found in Panama.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1897
Moths of Central America


title: Opharus bimaculata

text:
Opharus bimaculata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hermann Dewitz in 1877. It is found in Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Venezuela and Brazil.

Subspecies
Opharus bimaculata bimaculata (Puerto Rico)
Opharus bimaculata major Rothschild, 1910 (Venezuela)

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1877
Moths of North America
Arctiinae of South America


title: Opharus calosoma

text:
Opharus calosoma is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1913. It is found in Mexico.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1913
Moths of Central America


title: Opharus consimilis

text:
Opharus consimilis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1901
Moths of North America
Moths of South America


title: Opharus conspicuus

text:
Opharus conspicuus is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1906. It is found in Peru.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1906
Moths of South America


title: Opharus corticea

text:
Opharus corticea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found in Venezuela.

Taxonomy
This species was first described by Francis Walker using female specimens from Mr Saunders collection, collected in Venezuela, and named Halysidota corticea. In 1892 Kirby placed this species within the genus Phaegoptera. In 1919  Embrik Strand placed this species within the genus Opharus.

Description
Walker described the adult female of the species as follows:

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1856
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)


title: Dighwa Dubauli

text:
Dighwa Dubauli refers to a locality village in Gopalganj district of Bihar in India. There is a railway station with the same name and also a market. The market is the biggest one in the neighboring areas and draws people from remote villages, like Reotith, Sirsa, shanker pur, Sirsa Manpur, Dighwa, Bankati, Pipra, Bijulpur to name a few.

Education
Dighwa Dubauli has two major high schools, Reotith High School and Sirsa high school. There are many private schools that offer good education up to elementary level. Dighwa Dubauli is also famous as an industrial training hub due to two industrial training institutes namely RN Private ITI and Yogendra Singh ITI.

Transport
Dighwa Dubauli is well connected through railway to major towns like Gopalganj  Chapra  and Patna.

The train service at the moment is not good because only 8 trains pass this station in 24 hour peri,dbut infuture many premium trains that run from Bihar to any other state. service offered for reaching villages nearby.

Police station
Baikunthpur police station is very close to the railway station.

Nearby villages
Nearby villages consist of Khajuhatti, Reotith, Sirsa, Manpur Dighwa, Bankati, Pipra, Bijulpur, Maharani, Usari, Mahua, Sabili, and Singasani Dham, Chiutahan, safiyabad, sisai etc.

Market
The market in Dighwa Dubauli is well known and attended by many villagers. Almost everything is available in the market. The market is open until 9 pm. Reotith market is also good market near the area. Reotith is in near South Bankatti village.

Villages in Gopalganj district, India


title: Opharus euchaetiformis

text:
Opharus euchaetiformis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Henry Edwards in 1884. It is found in Mexico.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 1884
Moths of Central America


title: Opharus fallax

text:
Opharus fallax is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 2002. It is found in Bolivia.

References

Opharus
Moths described in 2002
Moths of South America