title: Mama Lucy Gang

text:
The Mama Lucy Gang was an alliance of liberal politicians that controlled the New Mexico House of Representatives in the 1970s. The "gang" was named after a restaurant run by Mrs. Lucy Lopez. Some of the future politicians had eaten there in their student days. Poor students were never turned away hungry, but were allowed credit or given food for work. Mama Lucy was an inspiration to the future lawmakers. They were mostly members of the Democratic Party but included Republicans. They enacted reforms related to education, the environment and equal opportunity.  After a short period out of power in 1979–82, their successors continued to control the House until 2000. In 1973 the representatives presented a memorial to Mama Lucy in the House.

Background

Mrs. Lucy Lopez, known as Mama Lucy to her friends, ran the Plaza Hotel Restaurant and Bar in Las Vegas, New Mexico, for fourteen years with her husband before moving across the street to another restaurant on the Las Vegas Plaza.
They rented part of the hotel as a dormitory for New Mexico Highlands University students and sold meal tickets for the restaurant as an alternative to the university cafeteria. Daily lunch and dinner cost $30 a month. Students who were short of money could make a special arrangement in exchange for helping out. A former student recalled, "The only things worth eating in the dorm cafeteria were the milk and the bread, the rest of the food was so terrible many of the kids used to get a meal ticket at Mama Lucy's." The restaurant was self-service, and the students were trusted not to take too much. The food was varied, but Mama Lucy's Spanish dishes were the most popular.

Lucy Lopez's restaurant on the other side of the Las Vegas Plaza was known for her pies. It was a popular spot for politicians, businessman and local leaders to meet and catch up on the news. Old guestbooks from the restaurant contain the signatures of U.S. Senators Joseph Montoya and Dennis Chávez and of New Mexico governors David Cargo, Tom Bolack, Edwin L. Mechem and Jack M. Campbell.

Name

The term "Mama Lucy Gang" was coined in 1966 by the Albuquerque Journal columnist John McMillion.
He wrote a column that described a deal he had seen made in the restaurant between Apolonio Duran of San Miguel County and another candidate, and called them "the gang in Mama Lucy's back room". The term "Mama Lucy Gang" stuck as a name for San Miguel County (Las Vegas) politicians, despite protests from Mrs. Lopez and her many friends that she was never involved in politics and had no back room.
She closed the restaurant later in 1966, partly due to illness. She claimed the idea that a "gang" was meeting in her restaurant had driven customers away.

Mark Douglas Acuff of The New Mexico Independent has been credited with applying the term "Mama Lucy Gang" to the group of New Mexican progressive liberal legislators of the 1970s.
In 1973 this group of state legislators, some of whom had attended Highlands and learned from Mama Lucy's compassionate example, adopted the name.
They had previously been called "the Young Turks" and "The Barefoot Gang."

Political activity
In 1962 the Supreme Court's "one person, one vote" decision in Baker v. Carr forced the states to make electoral districts across the country more equally balanced by population. As a result greater numbers of liberal representatives from Hispanic and urban intellectual backgrounds began to be elected in New Mexico.
Until 1971 the House was dominated by conservative Democrats, mostly from the south and east of New Mexico, but in 1971 the liberal democrat Walter K. Martinez was elected speaker. For the next eight years the Mama Lucy Gang led by Martinez controlled the house and kept conservative "Cowboy Democrats" from the ranching areas in the south of the state out of the main committees. David Salman was the majority floor leader during this period.

The Mama Lucy Gang was a loose coalition of centrist Democrats and some Republicans. They included Bernalillo County (Albuquerque) liberals and Northern New Mexico representatives. Most of the Mama Lucy Gang never met Mrs. Lopez, including their leader Walter K. Martinez, who was sometimes himself called "Mama Lucy". Tom Brown Jr., representative for Eddy-Chaves, was known as "the bald-headed Mama Lucy." The senators Manny Aragon and Jerry Apodaca were associated with the Mama Lucy Gang. Apodaca would later become governor.

The Mama Lucy Gang pushed various progressive measures through the legislature over the next six years. These included changes to school funding and measures to protect the environment and promote equal rights. The "Mama Lucies" had a fundamental impact on New Mexico politics. Their opponents complained of the group's "steamroller tactics." Walter Martinez was called a "quiet, soft-spoken and popular leader." Martinez managed to equalize school district funding across the state and to develop New Mexico's severance tax permanent fund. The fund aims to smooth out state revenues which would otherwise fluctuate based on demand for mining products. David Salman sponsored a higher minimum-wage law and bilingual education  He also supported various clean energy and environment protection measures.

The Cowboy Democrats did well in the 1978 election and demanded a strong presence on the committees. Martinez turned them down. During the opening session of the House on 16 January 1979 thirty Democrats and three rogue Republicans voted for Martinez. In an unusual move, eleven conservative Democrats allied with twenty-six Republicans to elect the conservative Democrat Gene Samberson speaker by thirty seven votes. Samberson appointed nine Democrats to committee positions. Martinez refused to chair the Votes and Elections Committee, effectively giving control of this committee to the Republicans. Five of the Democrats who had backed Martinez refused appointments as vice-chairs of committees. The Mama Lucy Gang was out of power.

Successors
In the 1982 election the liberal Democrats formed a solid majority of the forty-seven Democrat members. The Martinez candidate Raymond G. Sanchez was elected speaker without opposition from the Cowboys. Sanchez was speaker of the house for sixteen years. The coalition of Hispanics, liberal and moderate Democrats, and a few Republicans controlled the New Mexico legislature until the end of the century. In 2000 Raymond Sanchez failed to be reelected to the house, losing to the newcomer John Sanchez, a Republican. The defeat may have been partly due to voters being confused by the names.

Tribute
In April 1973 progressive liberal members of the House paid tribute to Mrs. Lucy Lopez. John J. Mershon, representative from Cloudcroft, introduced a memorial honoring Mrs. Lopez.  He belonged to the conservative group that was usually opposed to the Mama Lucy Gang, so his introduction was a gesture of unity. Richard Carbajal, representative from Belen, spoke first. He said "Mama Lucy is the most generous person I have ever met. She was so good to us and helped most of us make it through college. She has a heart as big as she is." He said "If she went bankrupt it was because of the big heart she had. Students like me, broke, could go to Mama Lucy and want to charge a meal. She never once flinched. You never walked away hungry if you knew Mama Lucy."

Mama Lucy had given Bobby Duran, representative from Taos, a job in her restaurant when he was at Highlands. He said, "You gave me a job when I needed it the most. I never could have made it without you." Lucy Lopez died on 31 May 1994 at the age of 80. The impact of the Mama Lucy Gang on state politics in the 1970s is still remembered.

Notes

Sources

Liberalism in the United States
Politics of New Mexico


title: Qasre Abunasr

text:
Qaṣr-i Abu Naṣr (,  Abu-Naṣr Palace), Qasre Abunasr,  or Takht-e Sulayman (,  Throne of Solomon) is the site of an ancient settlement situated in city of Shiraz in the Fars province of Iran. According to archaeological studies the fortress was built during the Parthian period, and was an important and strategic location in the Sassanid Empire. Archaeologists have found various artifacts and coins belonging to various historical periods, such as the Achaemenid, Seleucid Empire, Parthian and Sassanid. This site is recorded in an Iranian historical list from 1932 as "Takht e Sulayman" ( Throne of Solomon). When Muslims invaded Iran, and conquered it, they called this palace "Father of Victory" (Qaṣr-i-Abu Naṣr)

Name of Shiraz
One of the palaces in this site was named Shiraz, from which the city derives its name.

Notes

References
Wilkinson, C.K., 1965. The Achaemenian Remains at Qaṣr-i-Abu Naṣr. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 24(4): 341-345.
Frye, R.N., 1973. Sasanian Remains from Qasr-i Abu Nasr: Seals, Sealings, and Coins. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Whitcomb, D., 1984. Qasr-i Abu Nasr and the [Persian] Gulf. Arabie Orientale, Mésopotamie at Iran Méridional de l’âge du Fer an début de la Période Islamique. Paris:  Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, pp.331-37.
Whitcomb, D.S., 1985. Before the Roses and Nightingales: Excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, Old Shiraz. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Henkelman. Wouter F.M., Jones, Charles E., Stolper, Matthew W. 2006. Achaemenid Elamite Administrative Tablets, 2: The Qasr-i Abu Nasr Tablet. ARTA 2006.003
Simpson, S.J., 2007. Pottering around Persepolis: Observations on Early European Visitors to the Site. Christopher Tuplin (ed.)  Persian Responses: Political and Cultural Interaction With(in) the Achaemenid Empire, Swansea:  The University of Wales Press pp.343-356.
Miri, N., 2009. Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period.  e-Sasanika 6.

External links
The Metropolitan Museum’s Excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr — The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Qasr-e Abu Nasr — Sasanika

Palaces in Iran
Buildings and structures in Shiraz
Parthian architecture


title: Ravi Verma

text:
Ravi Verma is the regional director for the International Center for Research on Women's Asia Regional Office and leads the organization's local and regional efforts on various aspects related to research, providing expertise in building capacity and participating in policy dialogue on issues that include adolescent girls, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and gender-based violence.

Education
Ravi Verma completed his master's in psychology from Allahabad University 1977. In the year 1981, he received his PhD in Social Sciences from IIT Bombay. There after he pursued a PG Diploma in health promotion from University of California, Los Angeles and leadership trainings on reproductive health and public health from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Johns Hopkins University respectively.

Career
Ravi Verma started his career with International Institute for Population Sciences where he was a Professor in the Department of Population Policies and Programs. He then joined as a program associate with Population Council where he worked on innovative operations research projects on gender and HIV. Ravi Verma joined ICRW in 2007.

Expertise & Programs
Ravi Verma's areas of expertise include HIV and AIDS, Engaging Men and Boys, Population and Reproductive Health, Violence Against Women.
Ravi Verma has led many research programs and initiative of importance that include Gender-based violence, engaging the community to promote gender equality among young men, gender equality movement in schools(GEMS). Some of the major programs conceived, implemented and executed by Ravi in collaboration with partner organizations are:
 Research and Intervention for Sexual Health: Theory to Action (RISHTA)
 GEMS
 Parivartan - Coaching Boys into Men A brief video from the Parivartan programme:
 Yari Dosti
 Sakhi Saheli - Promoting gender equality and empowering young women
 Let's raise our voice event, 2013:
 Commission on the Status of Women (CSW): Invited to the CSW 2013 Program for Why do men use violence and how do we stop it: new evidence on men's use of violence against women and girls and its uses for enhanced prevention.

Awards and honors
 Ravi Verma has been selected as a member of the High-Level Committee on the Status of Women effective May 21, 2013, by the Government of India. This committee has been set up to undertake a comprehensive study to understand the status of women since 1989.
 Ravi Verma was elected as one of 18 members of the Rights and Empowerment Working Group for Family Planning 2020
 Ravi currently serves as a Commissioner on the Lancet Commission on Gender and Global health.

References

HIV/AIDS activists
HIV/AIDS researchers
1953 births
Living people
International Center for Research on Women


title: 2013 M-League Division 1

text:
The 2013 M*League Division 1 was the seventh season of top-flight football in Northern Marianas Islands. The Spring League was won by IFC Wild Bills.

League table

References

Marianas Soccer League seasons
North
North
football


title: 2013–14 M-League Division 1

text:
The 2013–14 M*League Division 1 was the eighth season of top-flight football in Northern Marianas Islands. The League was won by IFC Wild Bills.

References

Marianas Soccer League seasons
North
football
football


title: Susana Diazayas

text:
Susana Diazayas  (born Susana Arlett Diazayas Jimeno on February 26, 1979 in Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico) is a Mexican actress. She was participant the pageant of Nuestra Belleza México 2000.

Filmography

TV series
Como dice el dicho
La rosa de Guadalupe
Todos Son Ángeles
Después, El Cielo
Decisiones
'Por Amor a mi HijaLos simuladores
'Vecinos

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican stage actresses
21st-century Mexican actresses
Actresses from the State of Mexico
People from Toluca


title: Clay Evans (swimmer)

text:
Clayton T. Evans (born October 28, 1953) is a Canadian former competition swimmer and Olympic silver medalist.  Evans represented Canada at the 1972 and 1976 Olympics.

At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, Evans competed in the qualifying heats of the men's 100-metre backstroke and the men's 200-metre individual medley, but did not advance.

After the 1972 Olympics, Evans attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he swam for the UCLA Bruins swimming team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Pacific-10 Conference competition from 1973 to 1976.  As a Bruin swimmer, he won the Pac-10 individual championships in the 100-yard butterfly in 1973, 1974 and 1976.  He received four All-American honors during his college swimming career.

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, he swam the butterfly leg for Canada's second-place relay team in the final of the men's 4×100-metre medley relay, together with Stephen Pickell (backstroke), Graham Smith (breaststroke) and Gary MacDonald (freestyle).  The Canadians finished in 3:45.94, behind the American team that set a new world record of 3:42.22.  Individually, Evans also competed in the men's 100-metre butterfly, finishing sixth in the event final with a time of 55.81 seconds.

After the 1976 Olympics, Evans continued to train in the hope of competing at the 1980 Summer Olympics.  At the 1979 Pan American Games in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he competed in the men's 100-metre butterfly, finishing third with a time of 56.63 seconds.  He could not compete in the 1980 Olympics because of the boycott of the Moscow Summer Olympic Games.

See also

 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of University of California, Los Angeles people

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Canadian male breaststroke swimmers
Canadian male butterfly swimmers
Canadian male medley swimmers
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic swimmers for Canada
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1979 Pan American Games
UCLA Bruins men's swimmers
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games
20th-century Canadian people
21st-century Canadian people


title: Bates White

text:
Bates White LLC. is a privately held economic consulting firm specializing in advanced economic, financial, and econometric analysis. The firm was founded in 1999 and currently has one office in Washington, D.C., with about 250 employees. The firm provides economic consulting and expert testimony.

Awards
Bates White is consistently recognized by the following organizations:

 Global Competition Review has included Bates White in its annual "Economics 20" for top antitrust and competition economics consultancies every year since 2009.
 Who’s Who Legal: Competition includes many Partners each year on its list; a number of Partners are also named a Global Thought leaders.
 Vault consistently ranks Bates White in several categories, including Best Consulting Internship and Top 50 Consulting.
 The Washington Post has recognized Bates White in its Top Workplaces for mid-size companies in Washington, DC, for seven consecutive years.

Practice areas
Bates White's expertise spans the following practice areas:
 Alternative Investments
 Antitrust and Competition
 Bankruptcy and Restructuring
 Class Action
 Communications and Media
 Consumer Protection
 Data Science and Statistics
 Energy
 Environmental and Product Liability
 Finance
 Healthcare
 Intellectual Property
 International Arbitration
 Labor and Employment
 Life Sciences
 Public Policy and Regulatory Economics
 Transfer Pricing and Tax

Further reading from Bates White
 Chapters in The Antitrust Revolution, 7th edition (2018)
 Chapters in The Oxford Handbook of International Antitrust Economics (2014)
 The Economics of Collusion: Cartels and Bidding Rings by Robert C. Marshall and Leslie M. Marx (2012)
 “Plus Factors and Agreement in Antitrust Law,” Michigan Law Review by Robert C. Marshall, Leslie M. Marx, Halbert L. White, and William E. Kovacic (2011)

See also
 Economic consulting
 Analysis Group
 Berkeley Research Group
 Brattle Group
 Charles River Associates
 Compass Lexecon
 Cornerstone Research
 Edgeworth Economics
 NERA Economic Consulting

References

1999 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Consulting firms established in 1999
Macroeconomics consulting firms
Privately held companies based in Washington, D.C.


title: Harris Isbell

text:
Harris Isbell (June 7, 1910 – December 23, 1994) was an American pharmacologist and the director of research for the NIMH Addiction Research Center at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky from 1945 to 1963.  He did extensive research on the physical and psychological effects of various drugs on humans (imprisoned narcotics offenders, see below). Early work investigated aspects of physical dependence (an important aspect of drug addiction) with opiates and barbiturates, while later work (at least partially funded by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of the MKUltra project) investigated psychedelic drugs, including LSD.  The research was extensively reported in academic journals such as the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Psychopharmacologia, and the AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry.

Biography
He was born on June 7, 1910, in Arkansas to Francis Taylor Isbell and Celeste Mathews. He received his M.D. from Tulane University School of Medicine in 1934, and held various research positions before becoming head of the Addiction Research Center (ARC) in 1945. He was awarded the US Public Health Service Meritorious Service Award in 1962; Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy praised him as "an extraordinarily able director and coordinator of multidisciplinary research" and "an outstanding investigator in his own right whose work in clinical pharmacology has exerted far-reaching influences on medical practice".
After leaving the ARC in 1963, he became Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology at the University of Kentucky School of Medicine.

Isbell and his associates (including Abraham Wikler) published extensively on the effects of drugs (including opiates, synthetic opioids, barbiturates, alcohol, amphetamine, ibogaine, multiple psychedelics, and THC) on human subjects, with over 125 publications.
Among their experimental results were
the qualitative and quantitative documentation of physical dependence on barbiturates,
physical dependence on alcohol,
tolerance to amphetamine,

the  clinical use of opiate antagonists (e.g., nalorphine/Nalline and naloxone/Narcan) as treatment for opiate overdoses,
the ability of methadone to alleviate opiate withdrawal symptoms,
rapid tolerance but lack of physical dependence with LSD,

cross-tolerance between LSD and psilocybin,
and the ability of pure THC to cause marijuana-like effects.
New pharmaceutical substances were assayed (in the prisoner population) for their abuse and addiction (substance dependence) potential (medications for pain, cough, and diarrhea were of particular concern), and this information was utilized by groups such as the World Health Organization.

Other work at the ARC during Isbell's tenure included
psychological aspects of human opiate addiction (e.g., re-arousal of craving after abstinence upon return to the addiction environment, i.e. a "conditioned" response),
EEG studies of mental activity during drug use (including mescaline),
and animal studies.
(A detailed annotated bibliography of ARC research was published in 1978.)

Isbell died on December 23, 1994, in Lexington, Kentucky.

Research
Areas of interest described in Isbell's published work include physical and psychological effects of individual substances (including potential for dependence and addiction), ways to mitigate withdrawal symptoms (e.g., methadone therapy), the development of reliable rating methods and questionnaires for subjective drug effects (the Addiction Research Center Inventory), cross-drug comparisons, drug tolerance, and classification of drug groups (based on both the physiological and the subjective effects of a drug, as well as its cross-tolerance with other drugs).

"Volunteer" subjects
The subjects in Isbell's experiments are described as "volunteers"; they were recruited from the associated Lexington Public Health Service Hospital.  The hospital was a US Government facility for treating drug abuse; some patients were sentenced drug offenders, while others voluntarily entered for treatment.  The subjects in ARC experiments were all incarcerated male narcotics offenders with a history of drug addiction; subjects signed a simple "Consent Form". Subjects were motivated by payment in the form of drugs (usually opiates); this fact is not documented in the published research articles. The separate living environment within the ARC for experimental subjects (e.g., the possibility of having a small private room) was also a motivation.

The use of prison subjects for these sorts of experiments (and the nature of payment) would be difficult or impossible to justify by current human subjects and informed consent standards. The potential for coercion in a prison environment is one concern; providing drugs (whether as experimental substances or as payment) to abstinent addicts in a treatment center is another. (See Campbell (2007) for a detailed discussion of ethical and historical aspects of the ARC subject protocols.)

Subjects in the experiments are described as physically healthy former drug addicts who were not psychotic, although they often were described as having "character disorders or inadequate personalities"  (this diagnosis appears to be based on MMPI test evaluation). Subjects in some of the more extreme psychedelic experiments (LSD doses for 77 days in a row) were all "Negro males", though this is not a regular pattern (e.g., the 5 subjects in the similarly extreme 1950 barbiturate study described below were all white males).
In spite of the risky nature of some of the experiments (e.g., inducing addiction to opiates, alcohol, barbiturates, or new minimally tested pharmaceuticals, and then forcing immediate and severe withdrawal), there were apparently no fatalities, though there was at least one close call.

Subjects sometimes dropped out in the middle of an experiment, although in one reported case a subject who wished to drop out after a severe negative reaction to a 180 microgram LSD dose ("He felt that he would die or would become permanently insane") required "considerable persuasion" to continue.

General methodology
The studies took place in a dedicated experimental ward. Given the hospital context, medical personnel were readily available. In general, the methodology appears scientifically sound (e.g., proper balancing of experimental conditions, within-subjects designs, single (sometimes double) blind procedures as appropriate, placebo conditions, careful documentation of the experimental procedures, appropriate awareness of potential confounding factors, etc.), although the small number of subjects in some of the experiments is a statistical concern.

The general methodology for the addiction studies consisted of first getting subjects drug-free (with apparent exceptions for cigarettes and coffee), and then attempting to induce addiction by regular administration (orally or injected) of the substance of interest. Addiction was determined by the occurrence of abstinence symptoms when administration of the substance stopped. Sometimes a different substance (e.g., methadone) would be administered at the peak of withdrawal to determine if it alleviated symptoms. Following the evaluation of this cold turkey withdrawal, subjects were then usually more gradually weaned off of the substance being tested.

Isbell also evaluated the "euphoric" effect of various drugs (typically opioids), evaluating various doses to see if they
induced similar effects (e.g., talkativeness, comfort in the experimental situation, sedation in high doses)
as 30 mg of morphine.
The ability to induce euphoria is sometimes/often considered to be a component of addiction liability.

In the psychedelic studies, subjects had the choice of staying in an individual room or mingling with other subjects in a common area. Observations and measurements were taken before the substance of interest was ingested, and hourly thereafter (following a 10-minute rest in bed). Physical measurements included pulse, blood pressure, rectal temperature, kneejerk reflex sensitivity, and pupil diameter (opiates cause constriction (miosis) while LSD causes dilation (mydriasis)).  Psychological measurements consisted of a self-evaluation form with multiple statements (e.g., "I am confused"), as well as evaluation by experienced and trained observers. Some subjects had negative reactions to LSD (as noted above), but others found the experience "pleasant", or even "dearly loved" it as long as the dosage was not too high (less than 2 micrograms per kilogram of body weight).

Opioids
Isbell and associates published a number of studies on morphine, methadone and assorted analgesics; much of this work was motivated by the search for a "nonaddicting analgesic" (that is, a compound with the pain-relieving capabilities of morphine, but without the opioid dependence issues).
Many opiate derivatives and synthetic opioids were tested for addiction and abuse potential.

Isbell and Vogel (1949) investigated methadone, a synthetic opioid developed in Germany in 1937. They found that intravenous methadone had similar subjective effects as morphine and heroin, and induced physical dependence with chronic use. However, the withdrawal symptoms were significantly milder than with morphine. Administration of methadone during morphine withdrawal alleviated withdrawal symptoms, and methadone was reasonably effective when taken orally. This combination of characteristics led them to propose methadone administration as a way of facilitating morphine withdrawal.

Barbiturates
Isbell et al. (1950) did a controlled experiment (no other drugs involved, and proper nutrition) on the effects of chronic
barbiturate administration. 5 non-epileptic subjects were given slowly increasing doses of secobarbital, pentobarbital, or amobarbital to a point of obvious intoxication over a period of more than 73 days. Both the nature of the intoxication and the nature of the withdrawal symptoms are described as similar to chronic alcohol use. Intoxication symptoms included confusion, poor judgment, hostility, and motor incoordination. Upon abrupt withdrawal of barbiturates, initial symptoms included tremor, anxiety, weakness, and vomiting, followed by convulsion, delirium, and hallucinations.

Alcohol

Isbell et al. (1955) demonstrated that alcohol causes physical dependence; that is, cessation of alcohol consumption in a chronic user can cause significant physical withdrawal symptoms. Subjects were abstinent drug addicts; some but not all had a history of heavy alcohol use. Out of 10 initial subjects, 6 subjects were successfully kept in a state of constant moderate intoxication (still able to walk) for a period from 48 to 87 days. Subjects were given controlled oral doses of alcohol throughout the day from 6am until midnight, and a booster dose around 3am; the total consumption per subject was in the range of a quart of 80-proof liquor per day. All subjects were provided with a healthy diet in addition to the alcohol.

Withdrawal of alcohol at the end of the intoxication period produced tremors and weakness in all 6 subjects. Two subjects experienced convulsions, and delirium or hallucinations (audio or visual) occurred in 4 of the 6 subjects. Given these withdrawal symptoms, Isbell et al. (1955) made some proposals for safely managing alcohol withdrawal.

Psychedelics
Starting in 1956, Isbell and associates published studies on LSD, psilocybin, psilocin,
DMT,
bufotenine,
morning glory seeds (ololiuqui),
and mescaline; these substances were sometimes described as "psychotomimetic". LSD and psilocybin for many of the experiments was supplied by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals (both of these substances were legal at the time). According to a 1986 interview with Isbell, the psychedelics research was initiated by an explicit CIA request.

LSD
 Isbell et al. (1956) motivated their study of LSD by the superficial similarities between the LSD state (viewed as a temporary "reversible psychosis") and schizophrenia, as well as the previous findings of interactions between LSD and the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin. A dosage of 1-2 micrograms per kilogram of body weight was determined to induce "striking effects" (mood change, perceptual distortion, pupil dilation).  Four experiments then quantified tolerance effects (the extent to which repeated doses of LSD cause a reduction in the effect of a subsequent dose). Experiment 4 included 77 consecutive days with doses of 1.55 micrograms/kg (corresponding to a dose of 140 micrograms for someone weighing 200 pounds), although the full sequence of LSD doses was at least a week or two longer than this due to the tolerance protocol. Tolerance to LSD developed rapidly; by day 3 the subjective effects were significantly lessened, and later in the experiments subjects simply read and watched TV normally. In the middle of the experiment, even a quadruple dose (600 micrograms or so) had little effect. Tolerance also disappeared rapidly; after no LSD had been given for 3 days, a subsequent dose again had a large effect. There were no abstinence symptoms after LSD administration stopped (i.e., no physical dependence).
 Isbell et al. (1956) also concluded that the LSD reaction "had only a superficial resemblance to the chronic forms of any of the major psychoses".
 Isbell and Logan (1957) reported that chlorpromazine (Thorazine) could either block or reverse the effects of LSD. Azacyclonol had no effect, while pre-treatment with reserpine augmented the effects of LSD (though in a manner described as "unpleasant"). Isbell et al. (1959b) reported that pre-treatment with scopolamine (an acetylcholine antagonist), phenoxybenzamine (an adrenergic alpha blocker) or "BAS" (a 5-methoxytryptamine based serotonin antagonist) had little effect on a subsequent LSD dose. They attempt to explain these results within the neurotransmitter ("neurohumors") knowledge of the period.

Psilocybin
 Isbell (1959) reported that psilocybin had physical and psychological effects similar to LSD, although psilocybin had a shorter duration and much less potency for a given dosage.
 Isbell et al. (1961) found that 12 days treatment with LSD induced tolerance to either LSD or psilocybin (lessened response on pupil dilation and the psychological measures), and that psilocybin also induced tolerance to both LSD and psilocybin. This cross-tolerance supported the hypothesis that the two substances at least partially share their mechanism of action.

Other
 Wolbach et al. (1962)  reported that mescaline and LSD had similar effects (although with different time course and potency), that direct tolerance could be induced by mescaline, and that each substance induced cross-tolerance to the other. This was particularly interesting, since LSD (and psilocybin) are indole compounds, while mescaline is not.
 Contrasting with the psilocybin and mescaline results, Isbell et al. (1964)  found that tolerance to intramuscular LSD did not provide tolerance to an intramuscular injection of the indole hallucinogen DMT.
 Isbell et al. (1959c)  investigated the psychological and physical effects of 13 different congeners of LSD, and correlated these effects with their potency as a serotonin antagonist in smooth muscle. With the exception of "ALD-52", all of the substances were less potent than LSD. There was low correlation between the smooth muscle and the "psychotomimetic" effects.

THC (marijuana)
Starting in 1967, Isbell and associates published a few studies on THC and marijuana (cannabis).

 Isbell et al. (1967) reported that pure THC (which had only recently been chemically isolated with its chemical structure identified) had marijuana-like effects (e.g., increased pulse rate (tachycardia) and altered time sense), whether smoked or taken orally.  A number of other isolated compounds present in marijuana (cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene) did not show these effects.
 Isbell and Jasinski (1969) compared LSD (1.5 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, injected intramuscularly) and smoked THC (225 or 250 micrograms per kilogram of body weight, added to a tobacco cigarette). Physical symptoms were quite different (e.g., tachycardia with THC, dilated pupils with LSD), and tolerance to LSD did not cause tolerance to THC, suggesting different mechanisms of action.  Their data do not show a statistical difference in the psychological effects of the two substances; this is somewhat surprising since cannabis is not usually considered to be a psychedelic drug. Whether this result is due to the small number of subjects, an inappropriate rating scale, the use of pure THC, or an exceedingly high THC dose (they report that some subjects had "hallucinations", and two subjects withdrew after experiencing "psychotic reactions" to THC) is unclear.
 Jasinski, Haertzen, and Isbell (1971) describe some of the subjective and physiological effects of the synthetic cannabinoids parahexyl and dimethylheptylpyran.

Isbell also investigated dosage effects of THC, and reported that low doses (4–6 mg) produced a pleasurable state (euphoria, perceptual distortion, and change of mood); this dosage was described by subjects as "good reefer".
However,
higher doses (18 milligrams of THC) reliably produced what Isbell referred to as a "psychotic reaction" (e.g., "all of a sudden
[the subject] was
on a trip and watching his own burial. The smoker will swear that what hit him never came from marijuana").
Isbell also commented on the potency of
street marijuana of that time ("the local grass is probably pretty weak stuff").

Drug policy

In 1951 Isbell testified to Congress before the passage of the Boggs Act of 1952 that "smoking marijuana has no unpleasant aftereffects, no dependence is developed on the drug, and the practice can easily be stopped at any time."

Isbell (1971b) (p 903)  provides a liberal view of drug policy. He observes that the drug laws of the time are "excessively rigid and extremely punitive", and have not had any proven effect on the drug problem. He then states that "simple possession of a drug for one's own use should be a civil offense punishable only by a fine", and suggests the possibility that marijuana of low or moderate potency could be legalized and regulated like tobacco, while also observing that maintenance on barbiturates, cocaine, or amphetamine would not be "pharmacologically sound". However, Isbell rejected removing controls on marijuana, which would "open the way to more potent stuff" such as hashish, with the consequent risk of high-dose effects.

References

1910 births
1994 deaths
American pharmacologists
Psychedelic drug research
Medical experimentation on prisoners
Project MKUltra
Human subject research in the United States
Cannabis law reform in the United States
Tulane University School of Medicine alumni
University of Kentucky faculty
20th-century American chemists


title: Vynohradne

text:
Vynohradne (; ; ) is an urban-type settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Vynohradne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  east from Yalta. It is administratively subordinate to the Livadiya Settlement Council. Its population was 1,151 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

External links
 http://rada.gov.ua/

Seaside resorts in Russia
Seaside resorts in Ukraine
Urban-type settlements in Crimea
Yalta Municipality


title: Talvar (film)

text:
Talvar (), released internationally as Guilty, is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language thriller drama film directed by Meghna Gulzar and written by Vishal Bhardwaj. Produced by Bhardwaj and Vineet Jain, the film is loosely based on the 2008 Noida double murder case involving a teenage girl and her family's servant. Starring Irrfan Khan, Konkona Sen Sharma and Neeraj Kabi, the film follows the investigation of a case from three different perspectives in which her parents are either guilty or innocent of the murder charges by the police investigation, the first Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) probe and an investigation by a different CBI team.

It was conceived by Bhardwaj after he met some of the police officials who were investigating the case. He later met Meghna, and expressed his desire to produce a film with her; they then came up with the idea of making a film about the real-life case. They researched the case for two years and found several contradictions, with each view having some validity. Bhardwaj's script was an example of the Rashomon effect. Pankaj Kumar was the film's director of photography, and A. Sreekar Prasad was its editor.

Talvar premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival in the special-presentation section, and was screened at the 2015 BFI London Film Festival and the Busan International Film Festival. It was released theatrically in India on 2 October 2015 to mostly-positive reviews, with particular praise for its writing and performances; however, many of the critics felt that the film was very biased towards the parents. The film was a moderate box-office success, grossing . Bhardwaj received the Best Adapted Screenplay Award for Talvar at the 63rd National Film Awards, and Prasad received the Award for Best Editing at the 61st Filmfare Awards.

Plot
Fourteen-year-old Shruti Tandon has been found dead at her home in Sameer Vihar in Noida by her parents, Ramesh and Nutan, during the night of 15–16 March 2008. The local police initially look for Khempal, the missing servant but his decomposed body is later found on the terrace of the building where the Tandons live. The police question Kanhaiya, Khempal's close friend and the Tandons' assistant who says that Khempal might have been involved in a sexual relationship with Shruti. They begin to suspect the Tandons, and declare the murders a clear case of honour killing.

On 25 March, the Noida police arrest Ramesh for the murders. The police chief organises a press conference, at which he says that Ramesh murdered Shruti and Khempal after he found them in a compromising position attributing this to honour killing. The victim blaming of Shruti leads to public outrage, and the case is given to Joint Director Ashwin Kumar of the Central Department of Investigation (CDI) and ACP Vedant. Kumar is contemptuous of the sloppy first responders, who botched the initial crime-scene investigation. He believes that the parents are innocent, and methodically builds a case against the father's resentful assistant. His team uses narco tests in their attempt to prove that the assistant (and two accomplices) committed the murders.

Kumar exonerates the parents on 22 June 2008, and Ramesh is released from jail. As Kumar is about to conclude his investigation, his senior officer retires and is replaced by a new CDI chief. ACP Vedant, eager to receive a promotion, begins working against Kumar. This leads to an altercation between the two officers, which results in Kumar's suspension. The CDI gives the case to a new investigative team led by Kumar's former superior, Paul, who concludes that the parents committed the murders. Both investigative teams, with opposing hypotheses, make their cases to the CDI chief. The CDI files a closure report in the Ghaziabad court naming the parents as prime suspects, but the evidence is insufficient to prosecute. The Tandons file a protest plea against the CDI report. The judge rejects the closure report, and accuses the parents in the case. The trial begins on 8 June 2012, and the Tandons are convicted of the murders several months later.

Cast
 Irrfan Khan as Ashwin Kumar, Joint-Director of CDI
 Konkona Sen Sharma as Nutan Tandon
 Neeraj Kabi as Ramesh Tandon
 Sohum Shah as Vedant Chaudhary
 Alisha Parveen as Shruti Tandon
 Gajraj Rao as Inspector Dhaniram Chaurasia
 Atul Kumar as Paul
 Sumit Gulati as Kanhaiya
 Jaspal Sharma as Rajpal
 Neyha Sharma as a youngster providing a sound bite (cameo)
 Prakash Belawadi as Ramshankar Pillai
 Shishir Sharma as J. K. Dixit
 Tabu as Reema Kumar, wife of Ashwin Kumar

Production

Development
Filmmaker and composer Vishal Bhardwaj was impressed by director Meghna Gulzar after seeing the 2007 anthology film, Dus Kahaniyaan (in which she directed one segment), and expressed his wish to produce a film with her. Meghna said that she was "beginning to wonder what to do next" when she had the conversation with Bhardwaj, and they came up with the idea of making a film about the 2008 Noida double murder case. Bhardwaj and Meghna researched the case for nearly two years and found "several bizarre contradictions and each view had their own conviction". They decided to present three perspectives in the story: the police investigation, the first CBI probe and an investigation by a different CBI team. Bhardwaj and Meghna did not yet obtain permission from the Talwar family for the film. Meghna was fascinated by the idea of exploring the "unfinished-ness" of the case. In January 2015, it was announced that the Talwar couple (who were in prison) had approved the film. Bhardwaj, who wrote and produced the film, said that he was influenced by the Rashomon effect (in which the same event is given different interpretations by the individuals involved). According to Meghna, she tried to keep the narrative as objective as possible to let the viewer interpret it on their own.

The names of individuals and organisations were changed in the film to avoid legal issues. At a screening, lawyer and politician Ram Jethmalani, said that the trial depicted in the film was inaccurate. Meghna responded, "[The film] is more about the investigation than about the trial. In fact, the trial is not part of the film at all. It tracks the many investigations." The first draft of the screenplay was written in a year, and it took more time to convince those involved in the investigation to participate. Aarushi's aunt, Vandana Talwar (who began a campaign to prove the parents' innocence), provided some material to Bhardwaj. Some of the documents provided to Bhardwaj were firsthand accounts by Rajesh and Nupur Talwar. Earlier entitled Nyodda, the film was renamed Talvar. The title was initially registered with Pritish Nandy Communications (PNC), but was purchased by Bhardwaj. PNC was the film's initial co-producer, but the company withdrew from the project. About the film's title, Meghna said that it referred to justice: "Talvar alludes to the sword that is held in the hand of the lady of justice." She also said that the film would serve its purpose if it begins a debate about re-examining the case.

Bhardwaj was driven to write the script after an encounter with the case's first investigating officer: "There was a kind of black humour that was coming out of this tragedy. I am a great fan of Rashomon. I found the best way to write the script in it". He was troubled by the fact that people talked about Aarushi's death, but paid little attention to her parents. Meghna and Bhardwaj began researching the case in mid-2012, during the trial. Bhardwaj said that although he took "some liberties with the script", he did not meddle with the story. About the film's purpose, Meghna said that a number of people "knew something about the case, but they didn't know everything about it or remember it". She said that the film brings out the different aspects of the case. Research continued while the film was being shot because of changes on the set or in a scene. Meghna obtained the Talwars' side of the story from a meeting with Rajesh Talwar's brother and sister-in-law, Dinesh Talwar and his wife Vandana; afterwards, she said that she "did not feel the need to meet the Talwars".

Casting and filming
Alisha Parvin played Shruti Tandon, a role based on Arushi Talwar. Konkona Sen Sharma was approached by Talvar casting director, who told her about a role based on Nupur Talwar which attracted her. She said she enjoyed the script, and agreed to do the film after meeting Meghna. Sharma did not research her role (she felt that the script was "well researched"), and said that her character was about "portraying guilt and innocence according to perceptions." In November 2013, it was announced that Irrfan Khan was cast in the film. Khan did not know about the case in detail before the film. His character was based on CBI officer Arun Kumar, whom he met in preparation for the film, and he was the only actor approached to play the role. Khan agreed to do the film because he considered the story "near and frightening", and the film was not sensationalised: "It is an important case, and whatever you may think about the verdict, the film gives us a chance to look at our system and how different departments deal with a crisis." Neeraj Kabi, who played Aarushi's father (Rajesh Talwar) in the film, said: "You are making a film about people who are alive and are suffering, you have to be extremely sensitive". Tabu made a three-minute appearance in the film as Khan's wife.

Principal photography began a year later (in June 2014) on location in Mumbai, Delhi and Noida, and lasted almost a year. According to Meghna, filming was a "hugely draining" experience. The script was based on material in the public domain, and she called it her "most fragile film". Several scenes were filmed in a house identical to the Talwars', a few blocks away. Meghna said that the most difficult part for her was filming the murder scenes; although there were different weapons and different killers from different perspectives, the "one[s] to die w[ere] always the girl and the man, which did not change". Pankaj Kumar was Talvar director of photography, and A. Sreekar Prasad edited the film.

Soundtrack

The film's music was composed by Vishal Bhardwaj, with lyrics by Gulzar. The album consisted of four songs, with vocals by Arooj Aftab, Rekha Bhardwaj, Sukhwinder Singh and Arijit Singh. It was released on 16 September 2015 on the T-Series label. The score was composed by Ketan Sodha.

The album received generally-positive reviews. Mohar Basu of The Times of India wrote, "With Gulzar saab's work at the pen joining Vishal's formidable sense of melody, Talvar's album [has] a heady quality". Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama said that the film "has a situational soundtrack which has a couple of heartfelt numbers connecting one to the film's theme", praising "Insaaf" for its "uniqueness quotient" and the "haunting appeal". Ruchi Kaushal wrote that "Zinda Hai" "painfully highlights the agony of the parents who have lost their daughter in a twin murder case, for which they themselves are accused."

Release
Talvar premiered under the title Guilty at 2015 Toronto International Film Festival's special presentation on 14 September 2015, and was screened at the 2015 BFI London Film Festival and the Busan International Film Festival. The film's trailer was released on 22 August 2015, followed by two posters featuring Lady Justice and Khan. The film was released on 625 screens throughout India on 2 October 2015. Paid previews were organized a day before its public release. A special screening for celebrities was presented several days after its release. Talvar, the second 2015 film based on the case (the first was Rahasya), was released on DVD on 24 November 2015 and is also available on Netflix.

Reception
Talvar received a positive critical reception. Rajyasree Sen of Firstpost called the film a "must see whodunnit" with a "gritty documentary feel". Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV praised its writing and performances, calling it a "gripping, genre-defying and non-exploitative cinematic examination" of the murder case. Srijana Mitra Das of The Times of India wrote, " ... Talvar is super-sharp, a sword swipe at Bollywood's song-and-dance, mehendi-fuelled escapism." Rajeev Masand called the film a "gripping, then baffling, and ultimately disturbing account" of the murder, "deliberately unsentimental and melodrama-free". Sneha May Francis of Emirates 24/7 praised Sharma and Kabi, expressing that they "play the parents impressively, with restrained perfection".

Shilpa Jamkhandikar of Reuters noted that it is a "well-constructed, gripping film", but the filmmakers' bias about the case left a "bitter aftertaste". Nandini Ramnath of Scroll.in felt the film was a "slickly produced, tightly written and beautifully performed true crime documentary"; she also called Talvar a "legal petition disguised as a movie", whose sole purpose was to request the authorities to reconsider the case. Aseem Chhabra of Rediff.com observed: "very uncomfortable film to watch": "A good film should be able to get into our skin, challenge us, shake us up and Talvar does all of that." Jai Arjun Singh praising Khan's performance, said that his character's "commitment and comic timing" were rare in Hindi films.

Namrata Joshi of Outlook described its "solid writing, sharp dialogue and the spot-on performances" as the strengths. She praised its humour in the face of a serious investigation, which gave the film a "nice touch". Sarit Ray of Hindustan Times mentioned Talvar "shakes you up and forces you to think". He praised the "believable and flawed" character of Ashwini, who "drinks on the sly, out of bottles wrapped in paper bags, and distractedly plays Snakes on his phone while a parent sobs" instead of being a "punchline-spewing hero figure". Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express thought that it was "a brave film that devastates, and despite its flaws, makes for a compelling watch."

Raja Sen wrote in his review: "A tightly-coiled procedural made with such dryness that it seems, in parts, documentarian – resembling a reenactment more than a feature film". Deepanjana Pal said that Talvar was more of a "much-needed social document than a film", and its "direction lacks imagination". Anuj Kumar of The Hindu reviewed, "Its intentions might be blunt but as a piece of cinema Talvar is a sharp procedural." Uday Bhatia of Mint praised its performances and Bhardwaj's screenplay: "A taut film on the Noida double homicide, built around an exceptional screenplay". According to Sonia Chopra of Sify, the film was a "perfect balance of sobriety and cruelly dark humour."

Among overseas reviewers, Joe Leydon of Variety labelled the screenplay "solidly constructed" and the film's narrative flow "satisfyingly brisk". J. Hurtado of Screen Anarchy wrote, "Talvar makes for gripping, infuriating, and at times illuminating viewing, and it's a film that will translate just as well to those ignorant with the case as to those intimately involved." Deborah Young of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, naming it "gripping from start to finish." Rachel Saltz of The New York Times noted Khan's performance as the "movie's best weapon": "Playing a familiar character type, the world-weary detective, he gives a performance, full of small, sly details, that doesn't seem familiar at all."

Box office
Talvar was filmed on a budget of . Released with Singh Is Bliing and Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon, the film grossed  at the box office and earned  from the paid preview before its theatrical release. It earned  and  on Saturday and Sunday, respectively, for a total of  on its opening weekend. Talvar grossed  during its first ten days and, by the end of its theatrical run, earned .

Awards
At the 63rd National Film Awards, Bhardwaj received the Best Adapted Screenplay Award and Sanjay Kurian the Best Audiography award. At the 61st Filmfare Awards, A. Sreekar Prasad received the Best Editing award and Shajith Koyeri the Best Sound Design award.

See also
 Rashomon effect

References

External links

2015 films
2010s Hindi-language films
Thriller films based on actual events
Hindi-language films based on actual events
Films scored by Vishal Bhardwaj
Films that won the Best Audiography National Film Award
Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay National Film Award
Films set in Delhi
Films set in Uttar Pradesh
Films shot in Delhi
Films shot in Mumbai
Films shot in Uttar Pradesh
Fictional portrayals of the Uttar Pradesh Police
Central Bureau of Investigation in fiction
Indian films based on actual events


title: William H. Condon

text:
William Henry Condon (October 17, 1843 – ?) was an American lawyer, author, and politician from New York. The son of immigrants, Condon worked as a clerk in a freight office, then moved to Chicago, Illinois to study maritime law. He served for four years in the Illinois House of Representatives. Later, Condon became an advocate for memorializing James Shields, publishing a biography and raising funds for his statue at the National Statuary Hall.

Biography
William Henry Condon was born in Tribes Hill, New York on October 17, 1843. His parents, Mary (O'Brien) and Robert, immigrated from Ireland seven years earlier. Condon was educated in a public school in Rouses Point, New York until he was eleven, when he was forced to drop out due to poor health. In the meantime, Condon worked as a clerk in his father's store. When he was eighteen, he enrolled in a one-year course at Chaplain's Academy. After a brief stint teaching school, he took a position as a clerk in a freight office, where he worked for five years.

On August 11, 1866, Condon moved to Chicago, Illinois to study law. He was admitted to the bar and focused on maritime law. In Richmond v. Moore, which reached the Supreme Court of Illinois, he successfully argued that businesses could legally transact on a Sunday. In 1872, Condon was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives as a Democrat, where he served two consecutive two-year terms. He later lobbied to approve a $100,000 appropriation to found the Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind in Chicago, approved in the early 1890s. Condon also raised $9,000 for a bronze state of Senator James Shields in the National Statuary Hall in Washington, D.C. In 1900, he published Life of Major-General James Shields: Hero of Three Wars and Senator from Three States.

Condon was a Catholic and served two terms as president of the Union Catholic Library Association. He was also a member of the Sheridan Club.

References

1843 births
Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
People from Montgomery County, New York
Lawyers from Chicago
Year of death missing


title: Niyola

text:
Eniola Akinbo (; born 9 December 1985), known professionally as Niyola, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, performing artist and Actress.

Early life
Akinbo was born on 9 December 1985, in Lagos, Nigeria. The youngest of ten children, she sang in church with her siblings and was inspired to pursue a career in music after attending a Funmi Adams concert. Niyola emerged runner up in the Amen Starlet competition in 2000.

Career
She began her professional music career in 2005 and was briefly affiliated with eLDee’s Trybe Records. Following her stint at Trybe, she signed a production deal with Make Sum Noise Entertainment. Niyola’s first three singles "Me n U (In Da Club)", "No More" and "Dem Say" were released under the imprint. In 2012, Niyola signed a record deal with Empire Mates Entertainment. On 22 May 2013, she released the single "Toh Bad", her first release under the label.

Discography
 Niyola (2008)

Filmography
 Swallow (2021)

Awards and nominations

See also

 List of Nigerian musicians

References

External links

Nigerian women musicians
Yoruba women musicians
21st-century Nigerian singers
Nigerian soul singers
English-language singers from Nigeria
Yoruba-language singers
The Headies winners
1985 births
Living people
Singers from Lagos
21st-century women musicians
Nigerian film actresses
Yoruba actresses
21st-century Nigerian actresses


title: Bill Boorne

text:
Bill Boorne (1899–1974) was a theatre critic and journalist who wrote a column for London's Evening News and its successor, the Evening Standard.

Boorne was educated at Emanuel School, London, England.

He retired from the Evening Standard in 1967: he had worked for the paper for 30 years, including 20 years as the show business correspondent.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 19 February 1968.

Boorne was associated with the Northcliffe Golfing Society.

He died at Haywards Heath in 1974 aged 75.

References

Place of birth missing
British theatre critics
London Evening Standard people
People educated at Emanuel School
1899 births
1974 deaths


title: Raja Rampal Singh

text:
Raja Rampal Singh (22 August 1849 – 28 February 1909) was a ruler of Kalakankar estate of Oudh (Now in Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh) from 1885 to 1909.
Rampal Singh was a Congress sympathizer. He was one of the founding member of Indian National Congress Party. In consequence, Mahatma Gandhi and other congress leader used to visit him quite frequently. Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya had very intimate relations with Raja of Kalakankar. The Raja Saheb of Kalakankar had started a Hindi weekly, Hindusthan, in 1883 to spread the message of freedom.

His father Lal Pratap Singh, was a revolutionary during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and was killed in the Battle of Chanda.

Publication of Hindosthan
The Hindusthan was started by Raja Rampal Singh of Kalakankar. Even though, from the point of view of communications, this place was hardly suitable for publishing a newspaper, the Raja was fond of it and had it connected telegraphically. The only son of his father, Rampal Singh was ambitious. He learnt Hindi, English and Sanskrit, and became an honorary magistrate at the age of eighteen. He went to the United Kingdom, along with his wife. After two years she died and he came back to India with an English wife. He again returned to Britain. In August 1883, he started the monthly Hindosthan from the UK. This was in English and Hindi. Its Urdu edition was also brought out for some time. Later, it became a weekly. The articles in Hindi and Urdu were the Raja's own, those in English of Mr. George Temple's. He returned to Kalakankar in 1885, and started the country's first Hindi daily newspaper Hindosthan.

Hindosthan Published by Raja Rampal Singh and was edited by none other than the founder of the Benaras Hindu University, Madanmohan Malviya. Malviya joined work on two conditions: Raja would never meet him in an inebriated state and would not influence the newspaper’s editorial policy.

Personal life
Raja Rampal Singh married firstly, to Rani Subhag Kunwar, who died about 1871 in London, and married secondly, Princess Alice (an English lady). He married thirdly, Rani Radha (a Muslim).

Other
He was president of Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha for year 1899.
In 1905, Sir Chhotu Ram worked as the assistant Private Secretary to Raja Rampal Singh.

References

1849 births
1909 deaths
People from Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh
Indian royalty
Indian National Congress politicians


title: Currey's Creek, Texas

text:
Curry's Creek was a settlement located 3 miles south of Kendalia in Kendall County, Texas. The settlement was founded in 1850. In the 1850s Currey's Creek had a population of 100 or more. Judge Samuel B. Patton moved to Currey's Creek in 1847 when the area was still in Blanco County.

Historical population
1860 = 100

References

Ghost towns in Central Texas
Populated places established in 1850
1850 establishments in Texas
Populated places in Kendall County, Texas


title: Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2014)

text:
Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2014) (Spanish for "Homage to Two Legends") was a professional wrestling supercard show event, scripted and produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; "World Wrestling Council"). The Dos Leyendas show took place on March 21, 2014 in CMLL's main venue, Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The event was to honor and remember CMLL founder Salvador Lutteroth, who died in March 1987. Starting in 1999 CMLL honored not just their founder during the show, but also a second lucha libre legend, making it their version of a Hall of Fame event. For the 2014 show CMLL commemorated the life and career of wrestler and lucha film star Rayo de Jalisco Sr. This was the 16th March show held under the Homenaje a Dos Leyendas name, having previously been known as Homenaje a Salvador Lutteroth from 1996 to 1998.

The main event was a Lucha de Apuestas hair vs. hair match between longtime rivals Rush and Shocker. Rush won the match, two falls to one, and forced Shocker to have his head shaved completely bald after the match. The show featured a second Lucha de Apuestas match featuring female wrestlers Marcela and Dalys where Dalys lost both the match and her hair. The show also hosted the finals of the 2014 Torneo Nacional de Parejas Increibles tournament Atlantis and Euforia defeated Máximo and Rey Escorpión. The show featured three additional matches.

Production

Background
Since 1996 the Mexican wrestling company Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (Spanish for "World Wrestling Council"; CMLL) has held a show in March each year to commemorate the passing of CMLL founder Salvador Lutteroth who died in March 1987. For the first three years the show paid homage to Lutteroth himself, from 1999 through 2004 the show paid homage to Lutteroth and El Santo, Mexico's most famous wrestler ever and from 2005 forward the show has paid homage to Lutteroth and a different leyenda ("Legend") each year, celebrating the career and accomplishments of past CMLL stars. Originally billed as Homenaje a Salvador Lutteroth, it has been held under the Homenaje a Dos Leyendas ("Homage to two legends") since 1999 and is the only show outside of CMLL's Anniversary shows that CMLL has presented every year since its inception. All Homenaje a Dos Leyendas shows have been held in Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico, which is CMLL's main venue, its "home". Traditionally CMLL holds their major events on Friday Nights, which means the Homenaje a Dos Leyendas shows replace their regularly scheduled Super Viernes show. The 2014 show was the 16th overall Homenaje a Dos Leyendas show and the 19th Homenaje show held in March since 1996.

Storylines
The Homenaje a Dos Leyendas show featured six professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Homage to Salvador Lutteroth and Cien Caras

In September 1933 Salvador Lutteroth González founded Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL), which would later be renamed Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. Over time Lutteroth would become responsible for building both Arena Coliseo in Mexico City and Arena Mexico, which became known as "The Cathedral of Lucha Libre". Over time EMLL became the oldest wrestling promotion in the world, with 2018 marking the 85th year of its existence. Lutteroth has often been credited with being the "father of Lucha Libre", introducing the concept of masked wrestlers to Mexico as well as the Luchas de Apuestas match. Lutteroth died on September 5, 1987. EMLL, late CMLL, remained under the ownership and control of the Lutteroth family as first Salvador's son Chavo Lutteroth and later his grandson Paco Alonso took over ownership of the company.

The life and achievements of Salvador Lutteroth is always honored at the annual Homenaje a Dos Leyenda' show and since 1999 CMLL has also honored a second person, a Leyenda of lucha libre, in some ways CMLL's version of their Hall of Fame. For the 2014 show CMLL commemorated the life and career of Carmelo Reyes González, generally known under the ring name Cien Caras (Spanish for "One Hundred Faces"). Reyes and his brothers, known as Universo 2000 and Máscara Año 2000 formed Los Hermanos Dinamitas and was a major rudo group throughout the 1990s in both CMLL and AAA. Two of Carmelo Reyes' sons also followed in his footsteps, known as the masked wrestlers, known as El Cuatrero and Sansón. He lost his mask to Rayo de Jalisco Jr. in 1990 in a match where thousands of fans were turned away at the door. During his 34 year career Reyes has won the CMLL World Heavyweight Championship, Mexican National Heavyweight Championship, Mexican National Tag Team Championship twice, with Sangre Chicana and Máscara Año 2000, Mexican National Trios Championship with Máscara Año 2000 and Universo 2000, NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship, WWA World Heavyweight Championship, and IWC World Heavyweight Championship in Mexico,) and the NWA Americas Tag Team Championship with Victor Rivera and the *NWA Texas Tag Team Championship with Jose Lothario in the US.

Results

References

2014 in professional wrestling
2014
March 2014 events in Mexico
2014 in Mexico
2010s in Mexico City


title: Stew Leonard Jr.

text:
Stew Leonard Jr. (born 1954) is an American businessman who has been president and CEO of Stew Leonard's, a supermarket chain based in Connecticut and New York, since 1991.

Early life
Stew Leonard Jr. was born in 1954 to Marianne (née Guthman) and Stew Leonard Sr (1929-2023). His father was of Irish descent and his mother was of German Jewish descent. He comes from a long line of family members in the dairy business. His grandfather, Charles Leo Leonard, founded Clover Farms Dairy in Norwalk, Connecticut in the 1920s. The elder Leonard and his sons would deliver milk door-to-door straight from the farm. When Charles Leonard died, the business passed to Stew Leonard Sr., who wanted to move beyond being a milkman. Stew Leonard Sr. would then open the original Stew Leonard's dairy store in Norwalk in 1969. Stew Leonard Jr. often worked in that original dairy store as a child, washing out milk cans, loading egg shelves, and performing other basic tasks. Leonard graduated from Staples High School in Westport, Connecticut in 1972.

Leonard later attended Ithaca College, earning a Bachelor of Science in Accounting in 1977. He continued his education at UCLA's Anderson School of Management, where he earned a Master of Business Administration in 1982.

Career
Stew Leonard Jr. first took over the helm of Stew Leonard's in 1991, after his father Stew Leonard Sr. was charged with a $17 million tax fraud by the IRS. At the time, there was some major concern about Stew Leonard Jr.'s ability to continue the success that the chain had experienced under his father.

The first few years were turbulent under Stew Leonard Jr., but he quickly turned it around. The store in Norwalk was earning less than $100 million in 1991, but, by 2002, Leonard had helped increase sales to $300 million with 3 stores. Leonard attributes the success of the company to its emphasis on customer service and employee care.

Under Stew Leonard Jr., the grocery store chain has also been recognized as one of the best places to work in the nation. 82% of all managers are promoted from within, and Stew Leonard's frequently applies positive reinforcement to boost employee morale. In 1999, Stew Leonard spearheaded the opening of a store in Yonkers, New York. The store continued the "Disneyesque" theme, but it also housed the first Stew Leonard's Wines store.

By 2014, Leonard had helped grow the business to four grocery stores. Additionally, there are 9 wine stores across Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey, each of which is independently owned and operated by family members. The food and wine stores cumulatively employ 2,000 people and approach $400 million in sales per year. This is despite the fact that the company (proudly) offers only 2,000 items, a large majority of which is perishable and prepared food.

The success of these business principles has gained Stew Leonard Jr. a significant degree of respect in the retail industry. Stew Leonard's Wines was also recognized by Wine Enthusiast Magazine as the Retailer of the Year in 2011 and 2013. Leonard is a prominent public speaker and is featured as one of the top orators at the prestigious Washington Speakers Bureau.

Philanthropy
Leonard and his wife, Kim, founded the Stew Leonard III Children's Charities, which offer swimming lessons to thousands of underprivileged youths each year. They have also released a series of children's books about water safety that feature the character, Stewie the Duck. In 2012, they released an app version of the children's book with Stewie the Duck at the forefront. A program featuring the character has been used by firefighters in Rialto, California and employees at a children's hospital in Phoenix, Arizona to teach children about water safety.

Personal life
Leonard married Kim Kral in 1983. They met while attending college together at UCLA. Together, they had five children: four daughters and one son. Their son, Stew "Stewie" Leonard III, drowned at the age of 21 months in 1989.

On April 27, 2023, Stew Leonard Jr.'s father, Stew Leonard Sr., died from a short illness at age 93.

Awards
Leonard was awarded the Dale Carnegie Leadership Award.

References

External links
 Stew Leonard's Grocery Store

Date of birth missing (living people)
1954 births
Living people
Ithaca College alumni
UCLA Anderson School of Management alumni
American retail chief executives
American chief executives of food industry companies


title: Sanatorne

text:
Sanatorne (; ; , from Greek Μέλας) is an urban-type settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Sanatorne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  east from Foros, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 531 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

Urban-type settlements in Crimea
Seaside resorts in Russia
Seaside resorts in Ukraine
Yalta Municipality


title: Fred Fox (musician)

text:
Fred Fox (July 14, 1914 – May 21, 2019) was an American French horn player, brass instrument teacher, and namesake of the University of Arizona Fred Fox School of Music.

Musician
Fred Fox attended the Juilliard School in the early 1930s, where he also played with the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, and performed as solo French horn player with the National Symphony Orchestra (1931–32). In 1934, Fox left Juilliard to play with the Minneapolis Symphony, and then at the age of 21, he moved to California to join the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Fox spent the rest of his career in Los Angeles, touring with Xavier Cugat (1954), Stan Kenton (1956), and the Roger Wagner Chorale (1965), and playing on the soundtracks of many motion picture films for both Paramount Pictures and RKO Pictures, including The Flight of the Phoenix and Patton. His Hollywood work was recently featured in the 2015 documentary 1M1: Hollywood Horns of the Golden Years. Fox has also played on albums for a variety of musicians, including Frank Sinatra and Tommy Sands.

Teacher
Fox served on the faculties of California State University-Northridge, University of Southern California, Pepperdine College, and the Music Academy of the West. He was also professor of brass instruments at California State University-Los Angeles. His students include Henry Sigismonti, Hyman Markowitz, and Richard Linenhahn, University of Arizona professor Daniel Katzen, and Jim Thatcher. Fox has also authored several books, including Essentials of Brass Playing, published in 1974, which is still considered an important resource for brass musicians

Honors and awards
In 2011, Fox was honored with the Punto Award at the International Horn Symposium in San Francisco, which is given to individuals who have made a major contribution at the regional or national level to the art of horn playing.

In 2012, the University of Arizona named their “Fred Fox Graduate Wind Quintet” after him, and in 2015, the university renamed its music school, The Fred Fox School of Music, when his son, Alan C. Fox, made a donation of $20 million to the school.

Personal life
Fox was born in Brooklyn in 1914. He and his late wife Freida, a trumpet player, had two sons, David and Alan. At the age of 104, Fox was still active, teaching music, traveling, and engaging in the community. Fred Fox died in May 2019 at the age of 104.

Discography

With Pete Rugolo
Introducing Pete Rugolo (Columbia, 1954)
Adventures in Rhythm (Columbia, 1954)
New Sounds by Pete Rugolo (Harmony, 1954–55, [1957])

References

American classical horn players
1914 births
2019 deaths
American centenarians
20th-century classical musicians
Men centenarians
20th-century American male musicians


title: Josua Hoffalt

text:
Josua Hoffalt (born May 19, 1984) is a French ballet dancer who was a Danseur Étoile (principal dancer) at the Paris Opera Ballet from 2012 to 2018.

He was promoted to Danseur Étoile on March 7, 2012, after dancing la Bayadère by Rudolf Nureyev with Aurélie Dupont at the Opéra Bastille in Paris, France. He retired from the stage in 2018.

He is a founding member of 3e étage, directed by Samuel Murez.

References

 http://www.operadeparis.fr/les-artistes/le-ballet/etoiles
 https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052744/https://www.operadeparis.fr/en/videopera/josua-hoffalt-nomme-danseur-etoile

Paris Opera Ballet étoiles
1984 births
Living people


The 2015–16 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 15th year head coach Bruiser Flint, played their home games at the Daskalakis Athletic Center and were members of the Colonial Athletic Association.

They finished the season 6–25, 3–15 in CAA play to finish in ninth place in the regular season. They lost in the quarterfinals of the CAA tournament to Hofstra.

On March 7, 2016, following the end of Drexel's season, Bruiser Flint was fired as head basketball coach after 15 seasons with the team.

Previous season

The 2014–15 Drexel Dragons finished the season with a record of 10-18 after losing to the College of Charleston in the 2015 CAA men's basketball tournament. The team went 9–9 in the CAA regular season, and was the 7 seed in the conference tournament.

Off season

Departures

Incoming transfers

Miles Overton was not eligible to play in the 2015-16 season due to NCAA transfer rules.  Overton redshirted and entered the 2016-17 season as a redshirt sophomore with 3 years of eligibility remaining.

2015 Recruiting Class

Roster

On 18 November 2015, the team announced that Redshirt Sophomore guard Major Canady would miss his second consecutive full season due to a knee injury.  Canady redshirted the season for the second consecutive year, and retained 3 years of eligibility entering the 2016–17 season.

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season
|-

|-
!colspan=12 style=| CAA regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style=| CAA Tournament

Team statistics
As of the end of the season.
 Indicates team leader in each category.
(FG%, FT% leader = minimum 50 att.; 3P% leader = minimum 20 att.)

Awards
Terrell Allen
CAA All-Rookie Team
CAA Rookie of the Week (2)

Kazembe Abif
Team Most Valuable Player
"Sweep" Award (team leader in blocks)

Rodney Williams
CAA All-Academic Team
Team Academic Award

Tavon Allen
Dragon "D" Award (team's top defensive player)
Preseason CAA All-Conference Team Honorable Mention

Terrell Allen
Assist Award (team leader in assists)

Sammy Mojica
Samuel D. Cozen Award (team's most improved player)

Chandler Fraser-Pauls
Donald Shank Spirit & Dedication Award

See also
 2015–16 Drexel Dragons women's basketball team

References

Drexel Dragons men's basketball seasons
Drexel
Drexel
Drexel


title: Buffalo, Trigg County, Kentucky

text:
Buffalo is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Trigg County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: Onnes

text:
Onnes may refer to:

 Onnes (general), one of the generals of the mythological Assyrian king Ninus
 Onnes, alternative spelling of Onnyos, a rural locality in Amginsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia

See also
 Onne
 Kamerlingh Onnes


title: Fenton, Kentucky

text:
Fenton is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Trigg County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: 2013–14 LPB season

text:
The 2013–14 Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol (LPB) season was the 81 season of the highest professional basketball league in Portugal. Benfica won their 25th league title, while Vitória S.C. were runners-up.

Standings

Playoffs

Statistical leaders

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol seasons
Portuguese
LPB


title: Jillian Bach

text:
Jillian Bach (born April 27, 1973) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Irene in the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl. She was also series regular on the CBS sitcom Courting Alex.

She also guest starred in the television series Felicity, The X-Files, Party of Five, Gilmore Girls, Grey's Anatomy, The King of Queens, Law & Order, NCIS, Bones and Private Practice, as well as appearing recurringly on ER  and The Mentalist.

She also co-starred in the films The Uninvited and Julie & Julia.

Filmography

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Florida
American film actresses
American television actresses
People from Palm Beach Gardens, Florida


title: Grand Prix Leende

text:
Grand Prix Leende or GP Leende is an elite women's road bicycle race held annually since 2012 in Leende, Netherlands. The time trial is together with the time trial at the Omloop van Borsele, part of the Dutch national time trial competition (Dutch: KNWU tijdritcompetitie).

Past winners

References

External links

Recurring sporting events established in 2012
2012 establishments in the Netherlands
Women's road bicycle races
Cycle races in the Netherlands
Cycling in Heeze-Leende


title: Rockcastle, Kentucky

text:
Rockcastle, formerly Rock Castle, is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

History
A post office was in operation at Rockcastle from 1839 until 1915. The community derives its name from a nearby rock formation called Castle Rock. for strategic reasons rockcastle was burned during the war. Old Rockcastle now lies under lake barkley

References

Unincorporated communities in Trigg County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: Norman Macbeth

text:
Norman Macbeth   (Greenock 1821 – 27 February 1888 London) was a Scottish portraitist.

Life
He was born at Greenock, where his father James Macbeth was an excise official. He served a seven years' apprenticeship as an engraver in Glasgow, and then went to London, where he studied at the Royal Academy Schools, and copied artworks in the National Gallery. He moved on to Paris, where he worked in the Louvre and studied under a master.

In 1845 Macbeth established himself as a portrait-painter in Greenock, moving to Glasgow in 1848, and in 1856 again practising in Greenock. Since 1845 he had been a regular contributor to the exhibitions of the Royal Scottish Academy, and in 1861 he went to Edinburgh. There he was successful as a portrait-painter, and was elected an Associate Royal Scottish Academician (ARSA) in 1870, and full member in 1880, entitling him to add the letters 'RSA' after his name.

About two years before his death Macbeth moved to London. There he represented the Royal Scottish Academy as trustee of the British Institution Scholarship Fund. He died there on 27 February 1888.

Works
Macbeth's portraits were considered unmistakable likenesses. His works include the portraits of Sir John Steell RSA, acquired by the Royal Scottish Academy, and that of the Rev. Dr. Lindsay Alexander, by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

His portrait of Patrick Don Swan of Springfield is held in Kirkcaldy.

Family
Macbeth married Mary Walker, and they had six sons. Three of those James Macbeth (1847–1891), Robert Walker Macbeth RA (1848–1910), and Henry Macbeth-Raeburn RA (1860–1947) also became artists, and Allan Macbeth a musician. One other son named after him, Norman Macbeth, had a daughter Ann Macbeth who was prominent in the Glasgow Movement. Mary Walker Macbeth, a daughter, married Arthur Thomson.

Notes

External links

Attribution

Royal Scottish Academicians
1821 births
1888 deaths
Scottish portrait painters
Artists from Greenock
19th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
19th-century Scottish male artists


title: 2014 Svijany Open – Doubles

text:
Roman Jebavý and Jaroslav Pospíšil won the title, beating Ruben Gonzales and Sean Thornley 6–4, 6–3

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

Doubles
Svijany Open doubles


title: Nicholas Sekers

text:
Sir Nicholas Thomas "Miki" Sekers  (born Miklós Szekeres, 12 December 1910  – 23 June 1972) was a British-based industrialist who, with his cousin, founded Sekers Fabrics. He was also a patron of the arts.

Early life
He was born Miklós Szekeres on 12 December 1910 in Sopron, Hungary. He trained in textile technology in Krefeld, Germany.

Career
At the invitation of John Adams (later Lord Adams) who was charged with overcoming the 50% unemployment from which West Cumberland was suffering at the time, Sekers, who was Jewish, arrived in Britain from Hungary in 1937 with his cousin, Tomi de Gara, to establish West Cumberland Silk Mills at Richmond Hill, Hensingham, West Cumberland, in 1938.  During World War II West Cumberland Silk Mills was required to make parachute silk. When supplies of silk ran low, and the new experimental product nylon was introduced as a replacement, Sekers began experimenting with the new synthetic fabric, seeing its potential for dressmaking. An introduction to Christian Dior led to Sekers producing fabrics for him and many others in the field of Dior's ready-to-wear. In the 1960s, Sekers began to design and produce furnishing fabrics. In 1962 he was awarded the Duke of Edinburgh's Award for Elegant Design (now known as the Prince Philip Designers Prize).

Patron of the Arts
He sat on the boards of Glyndeborne, the Royal Opera House, London Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Mozart Players and the Royal Shakespeare Company, and was an early supporter of the painter Percy Kelly. He was an early patron of the portrait painter Judy Cassab and commissioned work by Oliver Messel, Graham Sutherland, John Piper and Suzanne Balkanyi. Sekers established and endowed a trust to convert a barn at his home at Rosehill, Whitehaven, into the Rosehill Theatre.

Personal life
He was married to Agota Anna Balkanyi. In 2008, an "extremely rare costume by Christian Dior", entitled Zemire, and the centrepiece of the Dior 1954 autumn/winter collection was spotted in a Paris auction. It was discovered to have been commissioned by Agota Sekers.

They had three children: Christine, born 1942, who married Jean Baudrand, the son of a textile manufacturer in Lyons; David Sekers born 1943, who married Simone Caplat, daughter of Moran Caplat, the general manager of Glyndebourne; and Alan, born 1947, who worked in film production.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 22 April 1968.

He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1955 New Year Honours for services to the fashion industry, and was knighted in the 1965 New Year Honours for services to the arts.

Sekers died on 23 June 1972, in Yugoslavia, following a heart attack while on holiday there.

Legacy
His portrait, a 1969 photograph by Godfrey Argent is in the National Portrait Gallery.

References

1910 births
Place of birth missing
1972 deaths
Place of death missing
Hungarian Jews
People from Sopron
British industrialists
British company founders
British Jews
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom


title: Bertin Nahum

text:
Bertin Nahum (born 14 November 1969 in Dakar (Senegal)) is a French-Beninese entrepreneur in surgical robotics. He is the CEO and co-founder of Quantum Surgical based in Montpellier, France. He previously founded in 2002 Medtech S.A; specialized in the design, development and marketing of surgical assistance robots that was sold to Zimmer Biomet in 2016.

Biography

Bertin Nahum attended the National Institute of Applied Sciences in Lyon (France) where he achieved an Engineering Degree. He then went on to study a Masters in Robotics at Coventry University(UK).
Following different experiences in the medical engineering field and having collaborated with well-known surgeons, Bertin Nahum decided to devote his career to creating medical technology solutions to enhance surgical interventions, including creating the latest generation of robotic assistance to use during operations.
In 2002, after winning the national innovative start-up companies contest organized by the French Ministry of Higher education and Research, Bertin Nahum founded Medtech S.A.

Medtech S.A.

Set up in Montpellier in 2002, the company began to work on minimally-invasive knee surgery and developed its very first robot which they named BRIGIT™. BRIGIT™ was designed to assist surgeons in minimally-invasive placement of knee prostheses. In 2006, the entire patent portfolio protecting BRIGIT™ was acquired by Zimmer Inc., a leader in orthopedic surgery.
Medtech S.A reinvested the proceeds of this deal in a new research program which led to the creation of its next robot; ROSA™. This technology has been used successfully on patients with a variety of diseases including Parkinson's, hydrocephalus and drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Using robotic arms, ROSA™ makes interventions more efficient and less invasive. To this day, thousands of patients across Europe, North America, Asia and the Middle East benefited from brain and spine interventions carried out with ROSA™.
In 2013, the company launched a successful initial public offering (IPO), raising EUR 20M on Euronext in Paris.
In July 2016, Medtech S.A was acquired by the Zimmer Biomet Group (NYSE: ZBH) for EUR 164M. Bertin Nahum maintained his leadership role and directed Zimmer's robotic development activities at Medtech S.A company's current headquarters in Montpellier until January 2017.

Quantum Surgical

In February 2017, Bertin Nahum co-founded Quantum Surgical, together with three of his former associates. Based in Montpellier (Hérault, France), Quantum Surgical develops the Epione platform, a robotic-assisted percutaneous ablation system. This procedure is an alternative to surgery and makes it possible to treat tumors that are particularly difficult to reach, due to their size or their location. Epione is dedicated to the curative and early treatment of  tumors in the lungs and the abdomen (liver, kidneys, pancreas). More than 6,2 million new abdominal and lung cancers are diagnosed worldwide every year.

The Epione® device is CE marked for abdomen and lung indications, and FDA cleared for abdominal ablation indication.

Epione is available at Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France) and Hospices Civils de Lyon (France). The first patient has been treated in the United States in May 2023 at Baptist Health South Florida.  More than 250 patients have been treated worldwide.

In November 2022, Quantum Surgical received the Prix Galien USA in 2022, the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for biopharmaceutical research.

In June 2023, Quantum Surgical joins the French Tech 2030 program. Launched by the French State, the program supports emerging players in breakthrough innovation, in particular to make France a European leader in health innovation.

Distinctions

In September 2012 Bertin Nahum was ranked 4th amongst the top 10 most revolutionary High-Tech Entrepreneurs by the Canadian magazine Discovery Series just behind Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg and James Cameron.
One year later, in September 2013, Bertin Nahum was conferred one of the highest French civilian distinction; the prestigious award of Knight of the Legion of Honor which he received from Fleur Pellerin then Minister of innovation and the Digital Economy.
In November 2014, Bertin Nahum received the title of Doctor of Technology, honoris causa, from Coventry University (UK) in recognition of his revolutionary contribution to the medical profession by improving surgical procedures using robotic medical technology.

References

1969 births
Living people
French company founders


title: Ponyzivka

text:
Ponyzivka (; ; ) is an urban-type settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Ponyzivka is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  from Simeiz, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 361 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

Urban-type settlements in Crimea
Seaside resorts in Russia
Seaside resorts in Ukraine
Yalta Municipality


title: François Alu

text:
François Alu (born 1993 in Fussy) is a French ballet dancer. He danced with the Paris Opera Ballet as an étoile (star).

He entered the Paris Opera Ballet School in 2004, and the Paris Opera Ballet in 2010. At his first promotion competition in 2011, he was promoted to coryphée, then to sujet (semi-soloist) in 2013.

He has been a member of 3e étage, an independent dance group formed by dancers of the company’s corps de ballet and directed by Samuel Murez, since 2011.

In 2014, he was promoted to first dancer (full soloist). Notable roles include Basilio in Don Quixote, the Golden Idol in La Bayadère, Frollo in Roland Petit's Notre Dame de Paris, and Byraxis in Benjamin Millepied's Daphnis et Chloé.

On 23 April 2022, Alu was named étoile following a performance as Solor in La Bayadère. In November, Alu left the Paris Opera Ballet.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Paris Opera Ballet dancers
French male ballet dancers
Date of birth missing (living people)


title: 1987–88 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup

text:
The 1987–88 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup was the twenty-second edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, contested between national domestic cup champions, running from 22 September 1987, to 16 March 1988. It was contested by 20 teams, one more than in the previous edition.

Limoges CSP won the competition, defeating Ram Joventut in the final, which was held in the Palais des Sports, of Grenoble.

Participants

First round

|}

Second round

|}

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

|}

Final
March 16, Palais des Sports, Grenoble

|}

References

External links
 1987–88 FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup @ linguasport.com
FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup 1987–88

FIBA
FIBA Saporta Cup


title: Donaldson, Kentucky

text:
Donaldson is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Trigg County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: The CLR James Journal

text:
The CLR James Journal is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles, reviews, and discussions relevant to the work and legacy of C. L. R. James. It was established in 1990 and the editor-in-chief is Paget Henry (Brown University). The journal is sponsored by the Caribbean Philosophical Association and published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO Summon, Philosophy Research Index, PhilPapers, and ProQuest Summon.

See also
 List of philosophy journals

References

External links

Annual journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1990
Philosophy journals
Philosophy Documentation Center academic journals


title: Roaring Spring, Kentucky

text:
Roaring Spring is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office called Roaring Spring was established in 1849 and remained in operation until 1909. The community seized its name from a nearby cave spring, that momentarily produced a roar.

Notable people
 Hugh "Riccardo" Martin, opera singer

References

Unincorporated communities in Trigg County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky