title: Copper Ridge Dolomite

text:
The Copper Ridge Dolomite is a geologic formation in Alabama. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian Period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

 Fossilworks data page

Cambrian Alabama
Cambrian West Virginia


title: Tuscahoma Sand

text:
The Tuscahoma Sand is a geologic formation in Alabama, United States. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

Geologic formations of Alabama


title: Naheola Formation

text:
The Naheola Formation is a geologic formation in Alabama, United States. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

Geologic formations of Alabama


title: Yazoo Clay

text:
Yazoo Clay is a clay geologic formation in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. It was named after a bluff along the Yazoo River at Yazoo City, Mississippi It contains is a type of clay known as montmorillonite, making it a poor foundation material due to the fact that moisture causes extreme changes in volume. Sand, pyrite, and marl have all been noted in the formation. It preserves fossils from the Eocene, including the prehistoric cetaceans Basilosaurus and Zygorhiza, and the marine snake Pterosphenus. Sharks, rays, eels, and fish have also been found from the formation.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mississippi
 Paleontology in Alabama
 Paleontology in Mississippi

References

Geologic formations of Alabama
Paleogene Louisiana
Paleogene Mississippi


title: Byram Formation

text:
The Byram Formation is a geologic formation in Alabama. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

Paleogene Alabama
Paleogene Mississippi


title: Bangor Limestone

text:
The Bangor Limestone is a fossil bearing Mississippian geologic formation in northern Alabama. It is a shallow marine carbonate formation in the Chesterian series.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

Sources

Geologic formations of Alabama
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Citronelle Formation

text:
The Citronelle Formation is a Hemphillian geologic formation in Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana.

Fossil content
It preserves fossils of:

 Nannippus cf. lenticularis
 Neohipparion eurystyle
 Pomatodelphis inaequalis
 Synthetoceras cf. tricornatus
 Anomia taylorensis
 Cassidulus gouldii
 Chlamys chickaria
 Chlamys gainstownensis
 Chlamys glendonensis
 Chlamys mcquirti
 Kuphus incrassatus
 Pecten howei
 Caretta sp.
 Teleoceras sp.
 Trionyx sp.
 Camelidae indet.
 Cervidae indet.
 Scombroidei indet.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Louisiana
 Paleontology in Alabama
 Paleontology in Louisiana
 Alachua Formation
 Chagres Formation
 Goliad Formation
 Rattlesnake Formation

References

Further reading
 E. M. Manning and B. J. MacFadden. 1989. Pliocene three-toed horses from Louisiana, with comments on the Citronelle Formation. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 22(2):35-46
 W. C. Isphording and G. M. Lamb. 1971. Age and origin of the Citronelle Formation in Alabama. Geological Society America Bulletin 82:775-780
 L. N. Glawe. 1966. Geologic section exposed in Lone Star Cement Company quarry at St. Stephens Bluff on Tombigbee River, 2 2 miles northeast of the present town of St Stephens, Ala. Facies Changes in the Alabama Tertiary 95-98

Geologic formations of the United States
Pliocene Series of North America
Neogene Alabama
Neogene Florida
Neogene Louisiana
Neogene Mississippi
Neogene Georgia (U.S. state)
Hemphillian
Sandstone formations of the United States
Shale formations of the United States
Marl formations
Limestone formations
Lagoonal deposits
Shallow marine deposits
Paleontology in Alabama
Paleontology in Louisiana


title: Nanafalia Formation

text:
The Nanafalia Formation is a geologic formation in Alabama. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alabama
 Paleontology in Alabama

References

Paleogene Alabama


title: 2014 in games

text:
This page lists board and card games, wargames, miniatures games, and tabletop role-playing games published in 2014.  For video games, see 2014 in video gaming.

Games released or invented in 2014

Game awards given in 2014
Spiel des Jahres: Camel Up
Kennerspiel des Jahres: Istanbul
Kinderspiel des Jahres: Geister, Geister, Schatzsuchmeister!
Deutscher Spiele Preis: Russian Railroads
Games: Garden Dice/The Card Expansion
 Nations won the Spiel Portugal Jogo do Ano.

Significant games-related events in 2014
Days of Wonder merges with Asmodée Éditions
Fantasy Flight Games merges with Asmodée Éditions

Deaths

See also
List of game manufacturers
2014 in video gaming

References

Games
Games by year


title: Tillomorpha lineoligera

text:
Tillomorpha lineoligera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Blanchard in 1851.

References

Tillomorphini
Beetles described in 1851


title: Tillomorpha myrmicaria

text:
Tillomorpha myrmicaria is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire and Germain in 1859.

References

Tillomorphini
Beetles described in 1859


title: Cesare Pancotto

text:
Cesare Pancotto (born January 8, 1955) is an Italian professional basketball coach who is an assistant coach for Napoli Basket of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA).

Coaching career
After a good career spent playing point guard in his native Porto San Giorgio, Pancotto began coaching in 1982 at the age of 27, taking the bench of his hometown team, U.S. Sangiorgese, at only three matches from the end of the season, gaining promotion to Serie B. In 1984 Sangiorgese, always guided by Pancotto, was promoted to A2, the Italian Second Division. The coach remained in Porto San Giorgio until 1986, coaching two seasons in A2 avoiding in both cases the relegation.

In the 1986-1987 season he arrived in Reggio Emilia. Then, he coached for two years Forlì, for a year Dinamo Sassari and for three years Olimpia Pistoia: in Tuscany he obtained the first of three promotion to A1, the top Italian League. He also led Pistoia to the A1 playoffs.

In the 1993-1994 season he arrived in Siena: he will coach the local Mens Sana for the following four years. In his first season, he gained promotion to A1, while in the later years he led the team to the A1 playoffs twice and achieved qualification for the Korac Cup.

In 1997 he coached the Pallacanestro Triestina, an historical club based in Trieste. In this season, he obtained his third
promotion to the top Italian League. After two years spent there, he passed to Virtus Roma. In February 2001 he went back to Trieste and remained there until 2004. In the 2001-02 season got 7th place, in the following season the 10th place while in the 2003-04 season he could not avoid the relegation of the team with a corporate failure of the Pallacanestro Triestina.

In the 2004-2005 season he got a 9th place in Serie A with Teramo Basket. Then, he spent three years coaching Snaidero Udine: the first year he got an excellent 5th place while in the others he got two salvation, adding a good participation in the ULEB Cup, the second European club competition.

In the 2008-09 season, he took the place of Dragan Šakota after 10 matches on the bench of the glorious team Fortitudo Bologna but, despite a promising final rush, he was unable to avoid relegation. The season finished with a lot of controversies and bitterness because of a malfunctioning of the "Stop-Lamp" and "Precision Time" during the last match, which condemned the team to relegation.

In summer 2009 he was hired by Air Avellino, with the possibility of forming the roster following his directions with an eye on the budget, reduced from the disappointing previous season. On May 29, 2010 by mutual agreement with the company terminates the contract with Air Avellino, ending the adventure in Irpinia having obtained salvation and the Italian Cup semi-final.

Less than a month later, he signed with Basket Barcellona, a Sicilian team just promoted in Legadue. After a season and a half, he resigned from Barcellona in February 2012. On January 17, 2013 replaced the outgoing Gianluca Tucci at the helm of Scandone Avellino  and remained there until the end of the season. On December 10 of the same year, he becomes the new coach of Vanoli Cremona.

On June 14, 2019, he has signed 1+1 year contract with Pallacanestro Cantù of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). The 2020–21 season was not a successful year for Pancotto and his team: after 16 games in the 14th position out of 15 team he was sacked from Cantù.

On June 6, 2022, he signed with Napoli Basket to become the assistent coach of the team. On January 3, 2023, after the dismissal of coach Maurizio Buscaglia, he became the head coach of the team.

References

External links
Eurobasket.com Coaching Profile
Italian League Coaching Profile

1955 births
Living people
Dinamo Sassari coaches
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna coaches
Italian basketball coaches
Pallalcesto Amatori Udine coaches
Pallacanestro Cantù coaches
Pallacanestro Reggiana coaches
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma coaches
Vanoli Basket coaches


title: Coccoderus amazonicus

text:
Coccoderus amazonicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1870.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1870


title: Coccoderus biguttatus

text:
Coccoderus biguttatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1985.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1985


title: Coccoderus bisignatus

text:
Coccoderus bisignatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Buquet in 1840.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1840


title: Coccoderus guianensis

text:
Coccoderus guianensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tavakilian and Monné in 2002.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 2002


title: Coccoderus longespinicornis

text:
Coccoderus longespinicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1964.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1964


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Wheelchair men's doubles

text:
Defending champions Stéphane Houdet and Shingo Kunieda defeated Maikel Scheffers and Ronald Vink in the final, 5–7, 6–0, 6–3 to win the gentlemen's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was Houdet's third step towards a Grand Slam.

Seeds

  Stéphane Houdet /  Shingo Kunieda (champions)
  Maikel Scheffers /  Ronald Vink (final)

Draw

Finals

References
Draw

Men's Wheelchair Doubles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Wheelchair men's doubles


title: Johnny Thunder (song)

text:
"Johnny Thunder" is a song by the English rock band the Kinks from their sixth studio album, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968). Written and sung by Ray Davies, the song was recorded in March1968. Davies was inspired to write the song after seeing the 1953 film The Wild One, basing it on Marlon Brando's character Johnny as well as on a classmate Davies admired as a child. A rock song, its recording features a countermelody played by Dave Davies on electric guitar, wordless vocal harmonies and one of the album's few instances of a single-tracked vocal by Ray.

"Johnny Thunder" is one of several character studies on Village Green. The lyrics describe a motorbike rider who rebels against conformity while surviving on a diet of water and lightning. Ray expressed desires publicly and privately to Pete Townshend that the Who cover the song, and Dave later suggested Townshend incorporated the song's opening riff into his songwriting. Anthony Genzale of New York Dolls used the song's title for his stage name, Johnny Thunders.

Background and composition

Ray Davies composed "Johnny Thunder" after watching László Benedek's 1953 film The Wild One, which had been banned by British censors until February1968. Described by Dave Davies in an August1968 interview as "the local hound" and "[a] real swine", the song's lead character is a motorbike rider and an enemy of conformity who survives on a diet of water and lightning, seen by author Barry J. Faulk as a clichéd notion of a rebel.

The Johnny Thunder character is based in part on someone Ray Davies admired while in school, leading authors Rob Jovanovic and Johnny Rogan to describe the song as a rewrite of his similarly themed 1967 composition "David Watts". The character is also based on The Wild One lead character Johnny, as played by Marlon Brando, a misunderstood biker questioned by others as to what he has to rebel against. Author Andy Miller thinks the name Johnny Thunder is a variation on Marlon Brando, while Rogan suggests Davies may have drawn it from the comic book hero of the same name, who had been reintroduced into the Justice Society of America in April 1965.

A rock song, "Johnny Thunder" represents one of several character studies which appear on The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society. Author Thomas M. Kitts connects the song thematically to other characters on the album who try to slow down or reject time altogether, like in the songs "Sitting by the Riverside" and "Wicked Annabella".

Recording and release

The Kinks recorded "Johnny Thunder" on  in Pye Studio 2, one of two basement studios at Pye Records' London offices. Davies is credited as the song's producer, while Pye's in-house engineer Alan "Mac" MacKenzie operated the four-track mixing console. The song's production is simple, joining acoustic guitars, bass and drums with an electric guitar contribution by Dave Davies, who plays a countermelody low in the mix. The backing vocals are wordless and imitate the sound of a brass section, while it is one of the few instances on the album of Ray Davies's lead vocal not being double tracked.

"Johnny Thunder" was among the songs Davies sent to Reprise Records in mid-1968 for Four More Respected Gentlemen, a US-only album planned for late 1968, though the LP was aborted before its release. He included the song on the original twelve-track edition of Village Green and retained its sequencing as the album's fourth track when he expanded the track listing to fifteen songs. Pye released the fifteen-track edition in the UK on 22 November 1968. In a retrospective assessment, Rogan describes the song as a "fine tune", finding its vocal harmonies and arrangement as particular strengths.

Davies expressed his desire in a November 1970 interview with Rolling Stone magazine that the English rock band the Who cover the song and personally phoned Pete Townshend to raise the possibility. Townshend admitted to basing the Who's first hit, "I Can't Explain" (1965), on the Kinks' earliest singles, and Dave Davies later suggested that Townshend also incorporated the opening riff of "Johnny Thunder" into his songwriting. While Davies did not explicitly state where Townshend co-opted the riff, Miller later compared it to parts of "Overture" and "Go to the Mirror!" from the Who's May 1969 album Tommy, and Morgan Enos of Billboard likened the fast strumming to "Go to the Mirror!" and "Pinball Wizard". The song also influenced Anthony Genzale of the 1970s American rock band New York Dolls, who in his late teens took his stage name Johnny Thunders from the song.

Notes

References

Bibliography

1968 songs
Songs written by Ray Davies
The Kinks songs
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies


title: Black November

text:
Black November: Struggle for the Niger Delta is a 2012
Nigerian-American action drama film starring an ensemble cast that includes Hakeem Kae-Kazim, Mickey Rourke, Kim Basinger, Fred Amata, Sarah Wayne Callies, Nse Ikpe Etim, OC Ukeje, Vivica Fox, Anne Heche, Persia White, Akon, Wyclef Jean and Mbong Amata. It is directed and co-produced by Jeta Amata, and narrates the story of a Niger Delta community's struggle against their government and a multi-national oil corporation to save their environment which is being destroyed by excessive oil drilling.

Black November, which derived its title from the month in which activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed in 1995, is a reissued version of the 2011 film Black Gold. Approximately 60% of the scenes were reshot and additional scenes were added to make the film "more current". Black November is produced by Bernard Alexander, Ori Ayonmike, Marc Byers, Wilson Ebiye, Hakeem Kae-Kazim and Dede Mabiaku; production and marketing costs of the film totalled at US$22 million, and was majorly funded by a Nigerian oil baron.

The film, which is fiction based on actual events, premiered at the Kennedy Center on 8 May 2012, and was also screened on 26 September 2012, during the United Nations General Assembly; it was met with mixed to negative critical reviews. It, however, had significant impact after release; Amata and the film's associate producer, Lorenzo Omo-Aligbe, were invited to the White House regarding the film; Congressman Bobby Rush and his Republican colleague Jeff Fortenberry were also so affected by the film that they sponsored a joint resolution aimed at pressuring the Nigerian government and Western oil companies to clean up spills in the Niger Delta.

Plot
The film opens in a Warri prison in the Niger Delta where a noose is being set up to hang Ebiere (Mbong Amata). It switches to Los Angeles, California; Tom Hudson (Mickey Rourke), CEO of Western Oil is kidnapped on his way to the airport by a movement group tagged "United People's Front for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta People of Nigeria". The kidnap is carried out by Tamuno (Enyinna Nwigwe - the leader of the movement), Timi (Wyclef Jean), Opuwei (Akon), Timi (Razaaq Adoti) and Pere (Robert Peters) after orchestrating an accident near the second street tunnel. Also kidnapped is a reporter, Kristy (Kim Basinger), and her cameraman. Tom Hudson, his wife (Kristin Peterson) and Kristy, together with several others at the accident scene are captured and held hostage within this tunnel which has already been closed off on both sides by the group. Seven hours, no communication is heard from the tunnel - the police, the anti-terrorism unit and the general public have no idea who the "terrorists" are or what they want. Meanwhile in the tunnel, Tamuno tells Tom that they are in Los Angeles to save Ebiere and declares that if Ebiere is eventually hung in Nigeria, then the "truly guilty" ones should go with her. He releases the women and children and instructs Kristy to record what is happening in the tunnel.

The film flashes back to 21 years earlier during military era as Tamuno narrates their ordeal to the public via Kristy's camera. Ebiere (Mbong Amata) is born in Warri during the Military era; she concludes high school and is offered scholarship by Western Oil to study oversea. A few years later, an oil pipe in the Niger Delta bursts and the people of the community go to fetch petrol from the pipe, Dede (Hakeem Kae-Kazim), a fisherman discovers that fishes in the river have been killed by the oil spillage. The police arrive at the spillage site and demand that the Villagers vacate the area, but no one listens to them. Ebiere arrives in the village — her home, and is told her mother and siblings are getting fuel from a spillage site. On her way to the site, the site explodes killing her mother and siblings. The explosion appears to have been an accident, caused after one of the police officers sent to disperse the oil collectors lights a cigarette after having failed to do so. He is killed as well. Ebiere speaks up at a consolation visit of Western Oil staff (An oil rig American company based in Warri) and is applauded by members of the Community. This establishes her as one of the speakers for the Niger Delta Community, she is approached by Kate Summers (Sarah Wayne Callies), a reporter who likes her speech and says Ebiere is different from the rest of the community people, Kate becomes one of Ebiere's friends and supporters. Ebiere starts to organize peaceful protests and mass rallies for their voice to be heard, fighting for the Niger Delta to be cleaned up and well maintained — they are sometimes beaten, killed and/or arrested by the Military in the process. Ebiere is offered bribes severally by Western Oil representatives to stop her from instigating the people, but she always declines.

However, Dede, whose wife and only child died in the explosion, believes that protests will never solve anything and that the Government can only listen through violence. Dede starts to have people on his side (including Tamuno, who was a dedicated police officer) after an incident in which the Army invades their village and rapes their women, right in front of them. Ebiere continues with her protests while Dede forms a militant group, showing their displeasure through violence, vandalism and kidnapping Western Oil officials. Western Oil eventually convinces Ebiere (who is now Dede's love interest) to help ask Dede and his group for dialogue with government. It turns out to be a ploy to get them arrested. A shoot-out occurs, leading to Dede and his group being killed.

Chief Gadibia (Isaac Yongo), one of the chiefs who have been receiving bribes from Western Oil, and also embezzling funds meant for community development, tells his fellow elders that he is no longer interested in the "unclean" money and he wants to return his share to the people. Gadibia dies the following day, the Elders having poisoned his drink the previous night. Peter (OC Ukeje), Gadibia's son, to whom he has already confessed, explains the incident to Ebiere and how sure he is that his father was murdered by the Elders. Gadibia's stolen fund is discovered in his house and the other elders involved are captured by the community people, led by Ebiere. Ebiere wants the Elders to be reported to the police, but the people refuse to listen and set them ablaze instead. Everyone at the vicinity of the crime is arrested by the Police; Ebiere however claims responsibility for the crime and is sentenced to death by hanging. The film shifts back to the present in the Los Angeles tunnel; Tom Hudson calls Nigeria's Head of State and tells him to do something to stop the execution of Ebiere, but his request isn't granted. Angela (Vivica Fox) of the US Anti-terrorism unit advises that the United States make a diplomatic call to the Nigerian Government, but the head of the department says they do not negotiate with terrorists. They eventually resolve to issue a deceptive press release, stating that Ebiere has been released. When the emancipation movement is informed about the release, they drop their weapons as a result and also release the rest of the hostages, including Tom Hudson. They are arrested by the United States Police, while Ebiere still gets hanged in Nigeria.

Cast

Production

Development and inspiration
Jeta Amata, who grew up in the Niger Delta stated in an interview that it has been a while since he has wanted to make a film on the Niger Delta. He had written three scripts on it for about eight years; but as the issues kept escalating, it seemed more difficult to make "but I got to the point where I knew it just has to be now".  Black November is fiction based on an actual event, the title being derived from the month in which activist Ken Saro-Wiwa was executed in 1995. Amata had once met Saro-Wiwa through his father and was affected by his death. The recent Niger Delta militancy further triggered Amata's interest to make the film; Jeta Amata had to meet with most of the Niger Delta ex-militants such as Asari Dokubo and Boyloaf to listen to their sides of the story. He stated in an interview: "What I'm doing is what they did, but without weapons." Amata explained that even though the film touched some political points, he is more concerned about the human parts of the story, about the feelings of the people and what they passed through: "We are not trying to fight the government, trying to fight the oil companies, no -- we are trying to repair what has been damaged".  The film was majorly funded by a Nigerian business magnate, Captain Hosa Wells Okunbo, who says he does not want to go down in history as "just another rich merchant", he wants to give something back to the region that made him wealthy.

In late 2011, the director announced plans to reissue the film which had initially been finalized with the title Black Gold and released in early months of 2011. According to Amata, the film was "out of date": "It had to be more current. It had to adhere strictly to what was going on right now – the Arab spring and all that". This change resulted in approximately 60% part of Black Gold being reshot, but still sewn into the original plot of Black Gold. Mickey Rourke, Kim Basinger and Anne Heche who were not part of Black Gold were also added to the cast line-up of Black November. Akon and Wyclef Jean also later joined the set during the last lap of shoot in Los Angeles.

Filming
The movie was initially a U$300,000 project to raise consciousness on the oil spills and put an end to the poor treatment of Nigerians affected. As bigger challenges came up, changes were made, which led to the project taking up to US$16 million on production.  The amount for production and marketing of the film totalled at approximately US$2.2million. Filming was done on location in the Niger Delta region and Los Angeles, California. Parts of the film were also shot in Makurdi. The film was produced by Wells and Jeta Entertainment, in conjunction with Rock City Entertainment, and Starkid Inc. A death threat was sent to the lead actor, Mbong Amata, during the course of making the film in 2011. The source of the threat still remains unknown, but was deduced to be from either a militant group or an oil company. There was a period during filming when some production equipment coming from overseas was seized by the Nigerian Customs Service. The cast of the film had to remain idle in their hotel for a week, while the equipment awaited customs' clearance. The film's visual effects were supervised by former Industrial Light & Magic animator Wes Takahashi.

Music and soundtrack

The music in Black November is composed and scored by Joel Goffin. The film also features independently produced songs from Akon, Dede Mabiaku and Mavado. On 25 February, the soundtrack album was digitally released by Bluestone Symphonics on Amazon and iTunes.

Track listing

Release
The trailer for Black November was released to the public via YouTube on 4 April 2012. The film premiered at the Kennedy Center on 8 May 2012. Special guests at the event included Agbani Darego,  Dan Glickman, Gabon Ambassador Michael Moussa, former US ambassador Shirley Barnes, Robin Sanders and Isyaku Ibrahim. It also screened on 26 September 2012, during the United Nations General Assembly in New York City, which was attended by major casts of the film. Some other actors and stakeholders were also present at the event. It went on general release in Nigeria on 21 December 2012. A US trailer for the film was released on 15 December 2014, and the film was theatrically released in the United States by eOne Entertainment on 9 January 2015. The film was also released on DVD, iTunes, Amazon, and other VOD platforms in 2015.

Reception

Critical reception
Black November received mixed to negative reviews. , it holds a 23% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 13 reviews with an aggregate score of 3.54 out of 10, from twelve critics. It has a 31 score on Metacritic, which indicates a "generally unfavorable reviews".

It has a 67% rating on Nollywood Reinvented which says the film "strikes immediately as an emotionally compelling story that brings to the forefront a highly relevant political issue". It however talked down on the character development and concluded by stating: "Black November was a brilliant work of cinematography with an engaging and cohesive storyline that could have done with a little more character development for the protagonist". The website however noted Mbong Amata's performance as her "most convincing performance till date". The Africa Report states; "Black November is not perfect, but it's good". Mbong Amata's performance is described as "impressive" and it concluded by saying; "It [Black November] is a moving, enraging, chilling, kick-ass adventure story about greed, brutality and injustice". Toni Kan on Nigerian Entertainment Today comments that the film has a good story, but Amata "misses the plot". He panned the performances from the actors and concludes: "Black November attempts to be many things all at once; it is both advocacy and propaganda, Nollywood and Hollywood but it fails woefully in becoming something of character and substance. Jeta Amata has made what should have been a very important movie, but he totally mis-handles the opportunity. Which is a damn shame!".

Nicolas Rapold of The New York Times concludes: "Mr. Amata retains the emphatic Nollywood acting style, which almost becomes a form of agitprop. Every other conversation feels as if conducted at or beyond the pitch of an argument. Violence isn’t held back. Mr. Amata also reserves some disdain for his compatriots. There’s a go-for-broke vigor to the way Mr. Amata cuts to the conflict in most scenes, but the heavy-handedness across the board imposes some significant limitations. Mr. Amata, though, pulls no punches with his ending". Martin Tsai of the Los Angeles Times comments: "Black November dramatizes the outfit's mission, enemies and tactics almost in bullet-point form, eschewing any complexities in its onslaught. Jeta Amata always seems overreaching for the right buttons to push, [as] the filmmaker has trouble developing scenes, characters and plots". Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter concludes: "Filled with declamatory speeches, stereotypical characters and heavily telegraphed, melodramatic plot developments, the film fails to work as either thriller or politically themed drama. Unfortunately, it will take a far stronger effort than Black November to provoke greater interest". Guy Lodge of Variety concludes: "while the presence upfront of Kim Basinger and Mickey Rourke lends the initial impression of cheerfully cheesy exploitation fare, their contributions turn out to be marginal: Auds [Audience] chasing cheap thrills will be caught off guard by this earnestly angry study of Nigeria’s corruption-riddled oil industry, superficially bracketed by a standard-issue, Los Angeles-set hostage drama. Sadly, Jeta Amata’s film proves plodding and sanctimonious in either register".

Response
Black November has had significant impact; Amata and associate producer Lorenzo Omo-Aligbe were invited to the White House regarding the film; Congressman Bobby Rush and his Republican colleague Jeff Fortenberry were so affected by the film that they sponsored a joint resolution aimed at pressurizing the Nigerian government and Western oil companies to clean up spills in the Niger Delta.

Themes
Fatima Sesay of Sahara Reporters states; "Black November narrates the true story of the corruption and greedy tactics used by multi-national oil corporations and the Nigerian government to hide the truth about the oils spills in the Niger Delta, while making a large sum of money from exporting what really belongs to the Nigerian citizens.  Sadly, the people most affected by the spills get rewarded not even a penny for their agony". Amata stated in an interview that the purpose of the film is to "bring to light the injustice and inhumane situation of the Niger Delta", he also said "If BP can be made to compensate the people of the Gulf of Mexico, why can't the world make the oil companies polluting our land make amends? We have been suffering spills the size of Exxon Valdez for 50 years, yet no one talks about it, as long as they benefit from the oil." The producer of the film Dede Mabiaku says Black November is "an eye-opening movie with a cause" which he says should be able to encourage people to fight for the immediate clean-up of the Niger Delta. The Guardian states; "Amata's film is weighing into the 50-year history of western exploitation of the delta's oil resources, local collusion and violent resistance to it".

Historical references and accuracy

For more than 50 years, there were oil spills every year in the Niger Delta, with nothing done to prevent new spills. The contamination was never cleaned, thereby leaving the water undrinkable, the lands infertile and causing the death of wildlife and aquatic lives. The conditions were compared to the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.

Ken Saro-Wiwa, a writer hailing from Ogoniland of the Niger Delta, was a regular critic of the Nigerian Government. In the 1990s, he led many protests, fighting for the Niger Delta oil pollution to be cleaned up and well maintained. He was one of the pioneers of the "Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP)". Many of the Delta protests led by Saro-Wiwa targeted oil giant company Royal Dutch Shell, who was a major player in the Nigerian oil business at the time. In 1995, Saro-Wiwa along with nine other environmentalists were arrested and executed by the then military dictatorship Government of Sani Abacha. The news generated international outrage, leading to the suspension of Nigeria from the British Commonwealth until 1999.

As of 2006, the situation in Ogoniland has eased significantly, assisted by the transition to democratic rule in 1999. However, no attempts were made by the government or an international body to bring about justice by investigating and prosecuting those involved in the violence and property destruction that have occurred in Ogoniland. However, Royal Dutch Shell was sued by families of the activists, who accused the company of complicity in the deaths. The company said it never advocated any act of violence against the activists and tried to persuade the government to grant clemency. In 2009, the company agreed to an out-of-court settlement with the families, paying them US$15.5 million.

In 2009, the Nigerian Government granted Amnesty and an unconditional pardon to Militants in the Niger Delta, which lasted for 60 days, starting 6 August 2009 and ending 4 October 2009. During the 60-day period armed youths surrendered their weapons to the Government in return for training and rehabilitation. The Government also launched a programme tagged: "Niger Delta Youth Empowerment Project (YEP)" which aimed to take care of Job Creation, Conflict Prevention Initiatives, technical/vocational skills acquisition, reduction in the level of poverty and stimulation of sustainable development in the Niger Delta. YEP was established as a direct response to the recurrent youth conflicts in the Niger Delta at the time.

See also
Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force
Petroleum industry in Nigeria

References

External links

Films directed by Jeta Amata
2012 action drama films
2012 films
2010s political drama films
Peak oil films
Nigerian action drama films
Nigerian nonlinear narrative films
Drama films based on actual events
Films set in Los Angeles
Films set in the Niger Delta
Nigerian films based on actual events
English-language Nigerian films
2010s English-language films


title: Bronze Service Medal

text:
The Bronze Service Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of the Azanian People's Liberation Army, the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress, for ten years of exemplary service.

Azanian People's Liberation Army
The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) was the para-military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). It was established in 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government inside South Africa. On 27 April 1994 the Azanian People's Liberation Army was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Bronze Service Medal was instituted by the President of South Africa in April 1996. It is the junior award of a set of three medals for long service, along with the Gold Service Medal and the Silver Service Medal.

The Azanian People's Liberation Army's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the South African Defence Force and these three medals are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Good Service Medal, Gold, the Good Service Medal, Silver and the Good Service Medal, Bronze.

Award criteria
The medal could be awarded to veteran cadres of the Azanian People's Liberation Army for ten years exemplary service.

Order of wear

The position of the Bronze Service Medal in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged.

Azanian People's Liberation Army

Official APLA order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Silver Service Medal.

South African National Defence Force until 26 April 2003

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Medal for Long Service, Bronze of the Republic of Ciskei.
 Succeeded by the Service Medal in Bronze of Umkhonto we Sizwe.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Police Medal for Faithful Service of the QwaQwa Homeland.
 Succeeded by the Service Medal in Bronze of Umkhonto we Sizwe.

Description
Obverse
The Bronze Service Medal is an oval medallion with a raised edge, struck in bronze and depicting the Azanian People's Liberation Army emblem.

Reverse
The reverse is smooth and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with an 8 millimetres wide black band and a 4 millimetres wide yellow band, repeated in reverse order and separated by an 8 millimetres wide green band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Bronze Service Medal was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.

References

Military decorations and medals of Azanian People's Liberation Army
Awards established in 1996
Awards disestablished in 2003
1996 establishments in South Africa
2003 disestablishments in South Africa


title: Vernon County Jane Doe

text:
Vernon County Jane Doe is an American murder victim whose body was found on May 4, 1984. Her identity remains unknown. Her hands had been removed, likely to prevent identification by means of fingerprinting.

The case has been heavily investigated since discovery of the body, with no progress toward finding either her identity or her murderer.

Discovery of the body

The body was found at 11:15 p.m. on the night of May 4, 1984, near the town of Westby, Wisconsin, by three teenagers within 24 to 48 hours after her death. There was extensive damage to the victim's head, which left her face unrecognizable until mortuary procedures were conducted. After the case was broadcast on the news, a couple stated that they had seen a suspicious man near the location. He was returning to the driver's seat of a yellow car, believed to be a 1982 Datsun. When police went to the spot, they found tire tracks from a hasty U-turn. A broken denture, blood, and a man's watch were also found there. Because of this evidence, it is believed that she was killed at another location alongside the same road, and that her body was then taken to the location where she was found.

The victim had been murdered, as she suffered blunt force injury to her head, which had broken her jaw, an eye socket and the pair of dentures that she was wearing. There was also sharp-force trauma to the left side of the head, near the ear. Her hands had been removed, most likely to prevent identification through fingerprint matching.

Description and clothing

Vernon County Jane Doe was a white woman between 50 and 65 years old. She had graying brown hair, presumed to have been done in a perm. She was 5 feet 5 to 5 feet 6 inches (approximately ). She did not appear to have any unique physical features. She weighed  and had worn dentures, probably those that were found with her body. The dentures, missing two teeth, had both raised and indented numbers upon them, believed to be serial numbers. Despite this, investigators have stated that serial numbers for the given product were not assigned to specific recipients, which would not yield clues to the victim's identity.

She was wearing a multicolored coat, a black dress decorated with a blue-and-white paisley print, a blue turtleneck sweater, and nylon stockings. The brand labels of the clothing had been removed. There were  distinctive buttons on her clothes; these had unique stitching.

Investigation

Over 4,000 leads have surfaced in the case, one recently being the arrest of multiple persons who fraudulently used checks from a missing Amherst, Wisconsin woman who disappeared around the same time as when the Jane Doe was found.

Despite the possible link to Amherst, police believe that she did not reside in the area where she was found. Seven missing women have been ruled out as possible identities.

Authorities have used news media multiple times toward identifying the victim. In 2012, officials "pushed" the case to reach areas of both Minnesota and Wisconsin that were linked to Highway 14. The case was broadcast in a three-day news special, titled as "Catching Her Killer: Justice for Jane Doe," to uncover new leads in 2013. Yet no lead so far has proved useful.

She was interred in the Viroqua cemetery. Her headstone bears the words "Jane Doe" and the date of the discovery of her body.

On August 12, 2015, her body was exhumed and sent to the crime lab in Madison, Wisconsin, for testing in hopes of identifying her. The body was returned and buried the next day. DNA was also harvested and began processing at the University of North Texas. A new forensic facial reconstruction of the victim was released in December 2015 by a university in Arizona that created the likeness based on physical characteristics of the woman's skull. The rendering was completed by forensic artist Catyana Falsetti, whose husband was also working on the case at the university.

Forensic testing on the pollen present on the victim's clothing in 2018 indicated she may have originated from Arizona or New Mexico.

Authorities would later seek assistance from the DNA Doe Project in hopes to identify the victim. Around June 28, 2023, DNA Doe Project announced on their webpage about the victim that she is now being investigated by another forensic genetic genealogy service. So far, this provider has not been named.

Gallery

See also
List of unsolved murders

References

External links

1984 deaths
1984 in Wisconsin
1984 murders in the United States
20th-century births
Deaths by beating in the United States
Female murder victims
Incidents of violence against women
People from Vernon County, Wisconsin
People murdered in Wisconsin
Unidentified murder victims in Wisconsin
Unsolved murders in the United States
Violence against women in the United States
History of women in Wisconsin
Year of birth unknown


title: Zainul Abidin of Aceh

text:
Sultan Zainul Abidin (died 5 October 1579) was the seventh sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. His reign was the last of three brief ones in the year 1579.

Zainul Abidin was the son of Sultan Ghori alias Abdullah, who was the vassal ruler of Aru (Deli) and died in battle in 1568. He was the grandson of Sultan Alauddin al-Kahar. After the rapid deaths of the sultans Ali Ri'ayat Syah I, Sultan Muda and Sri Alam, he was placed on the throne of Aceh in 1579. However, according to the chronicles he was only interested in pleasures and especially enjoyed animal fights and life-and-death fights between humans. It was even alleged that he had no appetite before he had seen blood flowing. He also behaved in a tyrannical way towards his uleëbalangs (chiefs). The chiefs therefore resolved to get rid of him. The plotters put him on an elephant and brought him to Makota Alam where he was murdered. This happened on 5 October 1579. He was succeeded by Alauddin Mansur Syah who did not belong to the old sultan's family.

References

Literature

 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 65, pp. 135–265.
 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië (1917), Vol. 1 ('s Gravenhage & Leiden: M. Nijhoff & Brill).
 Iskandar, Teuku (1958) De Hikajat Atjeh ('s Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff).

1579 deaths
Sultans of Aceh
Year of birth missing
16th-century Indonesian people


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Wheelchair women's doubles

text:
Yui Kamiji and Jordanne Whiley defeated the two-time defending champions Jiske Griffioen and Aniek van Koot in the final, 6–2, 2–6, 5–7 to win the ladies' doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was their third step towards an eventual Grand Slam.

Seeds

  Yui Kamiji /  Jordanne Whiley (champions)
  Jiske Griffioen /  Aniek van Koot (final)

Draw

Finals

References
 Draw

Women's Wheelchair Doubles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Wheelchair women's doubles


title: Coccoderus novempunctatus

text:
Coccoderus novempunctatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1824.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1824


title: Coccoderus sexmaculatus

text:
Coccoderus sexmaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Buquet in 1840.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1840


title: Coccoderus sicki

text:
Coccoderus sicki is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1949.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1949


title: Coccoderus speciosus

text:
Coccoderus speciosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.

References

Torneutini
Beetles described in 1909


title: Balbagon Island

text:
Balbagon is a teardrop-shaped island in northeastern Iloilo, Philippines. It is one of fourteen islands politically administered by the municipality of Carles. There is a small beach resort on the island.

Location and geography
Balbagon is a narrow, low-lying wooded island northeast of the Panay Island coast in the Visayan Sea. It is  west of Gigantes Sur and directly west of Nabunot Island. Balbagon is part of barangay Lantangan, on Gigantes Sur. The Coral Cay Beach Resort is on Balbagon and is accessible from Gigantes Sur.

Two minor islands lie east and south of Balbagon. Ojastras Islet is a small cay  south of Balbagon, while Turnina Islet is  to the east. Shoal spits connect both islets to Balbagon.

See also
 List of islands in the Philippines

References

External links
 Balbagon Island at OpenStreetMap

Islands of Iloilo


title: Frank Bournois

text:
Frank Bournois (born 23 November 1962) is a French academic. He was appointed on 17 February 2023 to be the vice-president and dean of CEIBS, effective 1 April 2023, under the presidency of Professor Wang Hong and Dominique Turpin. He was previously the Executive President and dean of ESCP Business School from August 2014 to January 2023, and professor of general management, European management and cross-cultural leadership at Panthéon-Assas University (Paris II). He specialises in the study of how very large corporate organisations identify, develop and manage their future top level leaders.

Academic records
Frank Bournois graduated from the Emlyon Business School in 1984 (France);  and received an MBA in organisational psychology of Aston University (UK). He received a doctorate from Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 in 1990, with a  dissertation on The Management of Top Managers and the Development of High Potential Executives in large European Companies.

After a professional start as an HR officer at Rhône-Poulenc, a professor of strategic Human resource management at ESC Lyon Business School then at IAE de Lyon (University of Lyon III), a senior lecturer (1993) then professor (1995) of international management. Visiting professor in several universities (Oxford, Cranfield School of Management, Utah, Liverpool). Between 2013 and 2014, he was a visiting scholar at Princeton University in collaboration with Prof. :fr:Ezra Suleiman, IBM Professor in International Studies.

He was appointed professor of management in 1995 at the University of Lyon III then at the Panthéon-Assas University in 1997. In 1996 he succeeded as director of at University of Lyon III.

Official positions
Defence :
Artillery officer. Former auditor of the French National Institute for Defence Studies – IHEDN in 1996–1997. Head of the Department of Defence Studies at the French National Institute for Defence Studies (1997–2001). He initiated a large scale survey on business intelligence practices in all French companies with more than 250 employees. This survey was the first to be launched in France based on a large statistical sample of some 1,200 respondents. Results were published in 2000 (L'Intelligence économique et stratégique dans les grandes entreprises françaises, Editions Economica).

Higher education : Chairman (2010–2013) of the National Committee for the Evaluation and Accreditation of Business Schools  reporting to the Ministers of Higher Education and Industry. Advisor (2000–2001) to the Director of Higher Education (Ministry of National Education). Member of the board (2011–2014) of the Deutsch-Französische Hochschule – the Franco-German University (Saarbrücken – Germany). Vice-Chairman for Digital Education at the "Conférence des Grandes écoles"

Labour and employment:
Gérard Larcher, Minister for Labour and Employment appointed Frank Bournois (2004–2008) as Chairman of the Audit and Evaluation Committee of AFPA – the French National Agency for Adult Vocational Training. Chairman of the Advisory and Ethics Board of the National Federation of Top Managers (Fédération Nationale des Cadres Dirigeants – FNCD).

Society:
Member of the  advisory board of Institut Montaigne, France’s leading freemarket thinktank.

Executive governance and top management teams
Frank Bournois developed an early interest for the nature of managerial and top leadership work. He led several research programmes including comparative HR management across Europe (1988–1997), business intelligence (1997–2001) and corporate governance (2001–2010). Cegetel, a leading telecoms company, supported the ESCP Business School Chair of Corporate Governance. Academics and business leaders convened to analyze the subtleties of the dynamics of executive committees.  The concept of executive governance ( in French) was elaborated during that period.

He is a regular speaker on the topic of benchmarking large European companies, prospective screening of management changes, the prevention of career derailment for leaders and generally what makes organisations and management committees effective or dysfunctional.

In 2012, Ezra Suleiman  (Princeton University), Yasmina Jaidi and Frank Bournois (Université Panthéon Assas Paris II) conducted  a large survey on  « French Management as Experienced by Non-French Managers ». The survey results highlight that French management is very specific.  The key features of French management are investigated and analyzed using the 3,000+ responses (June 2014) that were gleaned from non French managers working in French CAC 40 companies. Results show what makes French management attractive (creativity, flexibility, using networks effectively,...) and also expectations about what may be improved (e.g. less centralisation, less hierarchy, less implicitness ,...). This research led to the publication of a book by the three authors, La Prouesse française.

Other
Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (GB).

Doctorate Honoris Causa from City, University of London.

Officer in National Order of the Legion of Honour (2016-France).

Commander in French National Order of Merit (2022-France).

Commander in Order of Arts and Letters (2017-France).

Gold Medal in National Education (2011-Lebanon).

Independent Member of the Mazars Group Governance Council.

Main publications
He is author or co-author of :
 Intelligence économique et stratégique dans les grandes entreprises françaises, 2000, Editions Economica
 The Handbook of Top Management Teams, 2010, London, Palgrave
 L’intelligence sportive au service du manager, (2009)
 Managerial Psychology in 3 volumes, (2008)
 Le Grand livre du coaching, (2008)
 Comités Exécutifs – voyage au cœur de la  (2007)
 RH- Les meilleures pratiques du CAC40 et du SBF120, (2007)
 Pourquoi j’irais travailler ?, (2003)
 R.H. Les meilleures pratiques du CAC40, (2003)
 Cross Cultural Approaches to Leadership Development, (2002)
 Le livre d'or du coaching, (2013)
 Intelligence économique, lobbying et valeurs publiques (2013)
 La prouesse française (2017)

References

1962 births
Emlyon Business School alumni
Living people
French university and college faculty deans
People from Somme (department)
Academic staff of Emlyon Business School
Academic staff of Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University
Officers of the Legion of Honour


title: Navigators of Dune

text:
Navigators of Dune is a 2016 science fiction novel by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson, set in the Dune universe created by Frank Herbert.  It is the third book in their Great Schools of Dune prequel trilogy, which itself is a sequel to their Legends of Dune trilogy.

Background
Set nearly a century after the events of 2004's Dune: The Battle of Corrin, the novel continues to chronicle the beginnings of the Bene Gesserit, Mentat and Suk Schools, as well as the Spacing Guild, all of which are threatened by the independent anti-technology forces gaining power in the aftermath of the Butlerian Jihad. The Great Schools of Dune trilogy, first mentioned by Anderson in a 2010 blog post, chronicles the early years of these organizations, which figure prominently in the original Dune novels.

In a 2009 interview Anderson stated that the third and final novel would be titled The Swordmasters of Dune, but by 2014 it had been renamed Navigators of Dune. On July 27, 2015, Anderson previewed the cover of Navigators of Dune on Twitter and noted its 2016 release. The novel was published on September 13, 2016.

A prequel short story called "Dune: Red Plague" was released on Tor.com on November 1, 2016.

References

2016 American novels
2016 science fiction novels
Dune (franchise) novels
Novels by Kevin J. Anderson
Novels by Brian Herbert
Tor Books books


title: Chamberlain's Brook Formation

text:
The Chamberlain's Brook Formation is a thin but distinctive geologic formation of dark red calcareous mudstones that crops out from Rhode Island to Massachusetts and, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland. It preserves fossils, including trilobites, dating back to the lower mid-Cambrian period.  Its lowermost member is the Braintree Member (lowest Middle Cambrian) and the uppermost member is the Fossil Brook Member.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Massachusetts
 Paleontology in Massachusetts

References

Geologic formations of Rhode Island
Geologic formations of Massachusetts
Geologic formations of Nova Scotia
Geologic formations of New Brunswick
Geologic formations of Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian System of North America
Cambrian Massachusetts
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits
Mudstone formations


title: Weymouth Formation

text:
The Weymouth Formation is a geologic formation in Massachusetts. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Massachusetts
 Paleontology in Massachusetts

References

Cambrian Massachusetts
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Mount Toby Formation

text:
The Mount Toby Formation is a geologic formation in Massachusetts. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Massachusetts
 Paleontology in Massachusetts

References

Jurassic Massachusetts


title: Fantasy on Polish Airs (Chopin)

text:
Frédéric Chopin wrote six works for piano and orchestra, including two concertos.  The Fantasy on Polish Airs in A major, Op. 13, was the second of his concertante works, written in 1828-30.  The piece is also sometimes referred to as Fantasia on Polish Airs, Grande fantaisie or Fantaisie brillante.  Chopin himself referred to it as his "Potpourri on Polish themes", and kept it in his repertoire for many years.

The Fantasy followed the highly successful Variations on "Là ci darem la mano", Op. 2 of 1827.  It was written while a student of Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory.

Structure

The orchestration calls for flutes, oboes, clarinets (in A), bassoons, horns (in A), trumpets (in D), timpani (A and E), piano and strings. The work contains three main themes, two of which are traditional folk melodies.

Introduction
The piece starts with a 55-measure introduction marked Largo non troppo. The introduction is in common time and concludes on a chord of the dominant seventh.

Już miesiąc zaszedł psy się uśpiły
The next section is based on "Już miesiąc zaszedł psy się uśpiły (The moon had set, the dogs were asleep)." This popular Polish folk song was sung to words from Franciszek Karpiński's idyll "Laura i Filon". Significantly, the song was a favorite of Chopin's mother. The section lasts from mm. 56 to 127. The meter is 6/8. The section begins in A major and ends on C# minor.

Theme de Charles Kurpinski
This section features a melody in the style of a dumka or possibly based on a Ukrainian duple-time round dance or kolomyjka, from an opera by Chopin's compatriot and friend  Karol Kurpiński. According to Halina Goldberg, the dumka is a quotation from Kurpinski's Elegy on the Death of Tadeusz Kościuszko, which commemorated the death of this Polish hero in 1817. The section lasts from mm. 128 to 245. The meter is 2/4. The section begins on F# minor and ends on a G# minor triad.

Kujawiak
The piece is rounded out with a lively Kujawiak, "Jedzie Jasio od Torunia (Johnny Goes from Torun)". The kujawiak lasts from mm. 246 to 350. The meter is the typical 3/4.

Coda
The coda lasts from mm. 351 to 403. It features a great amount of style brilliante passage work for the piano.

History

The Fantasy on Polish Airs was given its premiere on 17 March 1830, at the same concert in which the Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor was first performed in public.  It was played again on 11 October the same year, at the concert at which the Piano Concerto No. 1 in E minor was premiered.

The piece was dedicated to Johann Peter Pixis and first published in 1834.

A typical performance of the Fantasy on Polish Airs lasts around 15 minutes.  There have been numerous recordings and occasional performances, but the work remains relatively little known.

Sources
Goldberg, Halina. 2008. Music in Chopin's Warsaw. New York: Oxford University Press.
Strzyżewski, Mirosław. 2011. Much ado about Chopin: Discussion in the Warsaw Press from 1830 in Interdisciplinary Studies in Musicology 9 (pp. 19–29).

References

External links
 Fantasy on Polish Airs at All Music website.

Concertante works by Frédéric Chopin
1828 compositions
Compositions in A major
Music with dedications
Compositions using folk songs


title: Holmavatnet

text:
Holmavatnet may refer to many lakes in Norway:

Holmavatnet (Eigersund), a lake in the municipality of Eigersund in Rogaland county
Holmavatnet (Kvam), a lake in the municipality of Kvam in Vestland county
Holmavatnet (Samnanger), a lake in the municipality of Samnanger in Vestland county
Holmavatnet (Skjold), a lake in the municipality of Vindafjord in Rogaland county
Holmavatnet (Ullensvang), a lake in the municipality of Ullensvang in Vestland county
Holmavatnet (Vaksdal), a lake in the municipality of Vaksdal in Vestland county
Holmavatnet (Vinje), a lake on the borders of Vestfold og Telemark, Rogaland, and Agder counties

See also
Holmevatnet


title: World Elephant Day

text:
World Elephant Day is an international annual event on August 12, dedicated to the preservation and protection of the world's elephants. Conceived in 2011 by Canadian filmmakers Patricia Sims and Michael Clark of Canazwest Pictures, and Sivaporn Dardarananda, Secretary-General of the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation in Thailand, it was officially founded, supported and launched by Patricia Sims and the Elephant Reintroduction Foundation on August 12, 2012. Since that time, Patricia Sims continues to lead, support and direct World Elephant Day, which is now recognized and celebrated by over 100 wildlife organizations and many individuals in countries across the globe.

Mission

The goal of World Elephant Day is to create awareness of the urgent plight of African and Asian elephants, and to share knowledge and positive solutions for the better care and management of captive and wild elephants. African elephants are listed as "Vulnerable" and Asian elephants as "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. One conservationist has stated that both African and Asian elephants face extinction within twelve years.  The current population estimates are about 400,000 for African elephants and 40,000 for Asian elephants, although it has been argued that these numbers are much too high.

History

The first World Elephant Day was held on August 12, 2012. The film Return to the Forest, narrated by William Shatner, is about the reintroduction of captive Asian elephants to the wild and was released on the inaugural World Elephant Day. The follow-up feature film When Elephants Were Young, also narrated by Shatner, depicts the life of a young man and young elephant in Thailand.

Issues

Poaching

The demand for ivory, which is highest in China, leads to the illegal poaching of both African and Asian elephants. For example, one of the world's largest elephants, Satao, was recently killed for his iconic tusks. Another iconic Kenyan elephant, Mountain Bull, was also killed by poachers, and with the street value for ivory now exceeding that of gold, African elephants face a poaching epidemic. Elephants are also poached for meat, leather, and body parts, with the illegal wildlife trade putting elephants increasingly in danger, because it is perceived to be a low risk and high profit endeavor. Poachers are often considered trained for this activity due to the amount of tools needed to be transported as well as the large size of these animals.

Habitat loss

The loss of habitat due to deforestation, increases in mining, and agricultural activities has become problematic, especially for Asian elephants. The fragmentation of habitat also creates isolation – this makes breeding more difficult, and allows poachers to find the elephants and set traps more easily. Asian elephants have lost nearly 30-40% of their habitat, making it incredibly difficult to maintain their offspring and themselves.

Human-elephant conflict

Human-elephant conflict is a significant concern, as human populations increase and forest cover decreases, forcing elephants into close proximity with human settlements. Incidents include crop damage and economic losses, as well as both elephant and human casualties.

Mistreatment in captivity

A lack of legislation regarding the care and treatment of elephants in zoos, circuses, and tourism often leads to their mistreatment. Captivity can be a serious threat to elephants, and Asian elephants are often illegally captured in the wild and trafficked into the lucrative tourism industry.

Celebrity voices
Many notable celebrities have spoken out about the urgency of elephant protection, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Kristin Davis, William Shatner, Yao Ming, Prince William, Jorja Fox, Alec Baldwin, Stephen Fry, Ashley Judd, Jada Pinkett Smith, Kathryn Bigelow, and politicians such as Barack Obama, and Hillary and Chelsea Clinton.

See also
 List of environmental dates

References

External links

August observances
Elephant conservation
Environmental awareness days
International observances


title: Anton Norris

text:
Erskine Anton Norris (born 7 January 1940) is a former Barbadian high jumper.

Athletic career
Norris was born in Kirtons, Saint Philip, and first represented Barbados at the 1962 Central American and Caribbean Games in Kingston, Jamaica where he won silver in high jump with a jump of 1.98 metres. Three months later at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, Norris won bronze in the high jump clearing the bar at . In doing so, he became the first athlete to win a bronze medal for Barbados and the first athlete to win a medal of any colour in a sport besides weightlifting for Barbados at the Commonwealth Games. The following year, Norris was part of the inaugural contingent to represent Barbados at the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, Brazil. There he won one of the first medals for his country, bronze in high jump. In 1966, he repeated his performance of four year prior in taking the silver medal at the San Juan Central American and Caribbean Games in the high jump and the bronze in high jump at the Kingston British Empire and Commonwealth Games.

Norris was also a cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Barbados in February 1963 against British Guiana. Norris, selected in the team is a right-arm fast bowler, took no wickets in the match which British Guiana won by 34 runs.

Business career
Norris holds a MBA degree in Management and International Business from New York University Graduate School of Business Administration, and a Bachelor of Arts degree with honours in Economics and Business Administration from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico.

Norris has worked in business development for most of his career, while a senior executive of the Barbados Investment and Development Corporation, where he served as a Divisional Director and acting CEO. He was also Director of the Corporation's North American Operations, based in New York. He has assisted the promotion, start-up and development of a large number of local and international businesses and successfully implemented several technical assistance initiatives.

As a consultant, Anton also served as Regional Technical Advisor to the Investment Promotion and Export Development (IPED) Project, in the Economic Affairs Secretariat of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, under the aegis of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). As of March 2009, Norris was an associate consultant of May Hinds Consulting.

References

1940 births
Living people
People from Saint Philip, Barbados
Male high jumpers
Barbadian high jumpers
Barbadian cricketers
Barbados cricketers
Barbadian businesspeople
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Barbados
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Barbados
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1963 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1967 Pan American Games
Barbadian male athletes
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Barbados
Competitors at the 1962 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Medallists at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games


title: Royal Serbian Army

text:
The Army of the Kingdom of Serbia (), known in English as the Royal Serbian Army, was the army of the Kingdom of Serbia that existed between 1882 and 1918, succeeding the Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia and preceding the Royal Yugoslav Army.

Organization

Field armies
 First Army (Serbia)
 Second Army (Serbia)
 Third Army (Serbia)
 Timok Army
 Užice Army

Orders of battle
 Order of battle of the Serbian Army in the First Balkan War
 Order of battle of the Serbian Army in World War I

Wars

Military equipment

Armament

Uniform
Šajkača

See also

 First Serbian Volunteer Division
 Serbian Chetnik Organization
 Serbian Army

References

Sources

Books

Journals
Mijalkovski, Milan. "Četničke (gerilske) jedinice Kraljevine Srbije–borci protiv terora turskog okupatora." Zbornik radova Instituta za savremenu istoriju 09 (2007): 59–81.
Becić, Ivan M. "Ratni dugovi Kraljevine Srbije u svetlu politike." Istorija 20. veka 3 (2010): 45–56.
Gavrilović, Dejan V. Fizičko vežbanje i vojska Kraljevine Srbije. Diss. Univerzitet u Beogradu-Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, 2016.
Đorđević, Branislav D. "Training of the Serbian Army." Vojno delo 51.5-6 (1999): 149–165.
Denda, Dalibor. "Српска војска у предвечерје епохе ратова 1912–1920." Zbornik radova Instituta za savremenu istoriju 12 (2014): 423–436.
Đukić, Slobodan. "Contribution of the Military Academy to the development of military theory in Serbia in the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century." Vojno delo 67.5 (2015): 401–425.
Mladenović, Božica. "Vojska Kraljevine Srbije za vreme Balkanskih ratova u ogledalu nemačke štampe." Baština 22 (2007): 161–171.
Barović, Vladimir. "Voluntary participation in the armed forces of the Kingdom of Serbia as a possible model of professionalization of the armed forces of the Republic of Serbia." Vojno delo 62.2 (2010): 348–360.
Ivetić, Vladimir. Politička uloga ministara vojnih Kraljevine Srbije od 1903. do 1914. godine. Diss. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences, 2013.

Symposia

History of the Serbian Army


title: Macroscelides flavicaudatus

text:
Macroscelides flavicaudatus (common name: Namib round-eared sengi  or Namib round-eared elephant shrew) is a species of elephant shrew in the family Macroscelididae found in the central Namib desert and southern Namibia.

Discovery and identification
Macroscelides flavicaudatus was first described by Lundholm as Macroscelides proboscideus flavicaudatus, a subspecies of M. proboscideus. The type specimen had been collected by the Plague Research Laboratory of the South African Institute for Medical Research, "six miles from the mouth of the Omaruru River" in Namibia. It is distinguished by the lighter coloration of its fur.
Nine other subspecies of M. proboscideus had previously been described; while Corbet and Hanks dismissed the variation between these as continuous, they retained M. p. flavicaudatus.

Upon genetic and morphological analysis, Dumbacher et al. found that the two subspecies were significantly divergent, and proposed elevating both to the rank of species.

References

Elephant shrews
Mammals of Namibia
Endemic fauna of Namibia
Mammals described in 1955


title: Middle Atlantic PGA Championship

text:
The Middle Atlantic PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Middle Atlantic section of the PGA of America. The tournament has been played annually since 1932 in Virginia, Maryland, or Washington, DC.  Fred Funk, eight-time winner on the PGA Tour, holds the record with six Middle Atlantic PGA victories.  Other PGA Tour winners who have also won the Middle Atlantic PGA Championship include Chandler Harper (seven time PGA tour winner and 1950 PGA Championship winner), Bobby Cruickshank (17-time PGA tour winner), Lew Worsham (four-time PGA tour winner), and George Fazio (two-time PGA tour winner and golf course designer).

Winners

References

External links
PGA of America – Middle Atlantic section
MAPGA Professional Championship 2000s
MAPGA Professional Championship 1970–1999
MAPGA Professional Championship 1940–1969
MAPGA Professional Championship 1925–1939

Golf in Maryland
Golf in Virginia
Golf in Washington, D.C.
PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1932
1932 establishments in Maryland


title: James Reckitt

text:
Sir James Reckitt, 1st Baronet (15 November 1833 – 18 March 1924) was a founder of the household products company Reckitt and Sons, developed from his father Isaac Reckitt's starch and laundry blue business.

Biography

James Reckitt was born 15 November 1833 in Nottingham, sixth child of Isaac Reckitt (1792-1862), miller; and Anne (née Coleby). He attended Ackworth School, near Pontefract, before, in 1848 entering his father's starch and laundry blue business as a travelling salesman. In 1865 he married Kathleen (née Saunders) by whom he had two sons.

After his father's death in 1862, James and his two brothers continued their father's business; the firm was incorporated as Reckitt & Sons Ltd. in 1879. The company grew, using heavy advertising and marketing as one means of promotion, and its starch, blue and boot polishes became successful products internationally. In 1888 the company became a private joint-stock company, and in 1899 a public company, with a value of £1.7 million.

Reckitt was an active philanthropist, with numerous charitable works in Hull, and in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Amongst his work was the Garden Village (1908), a 600 home model village built for his workers in Hull which was run as a non-profit organisation during his lifetime; the James Reckitt Public Library in Hull (1889) which he established and endowed; he also financed the building of a hospital in Withernsea, and contributed to the Newland Homes for Seamen's orphans home, and was active in the early promotion of the Hull Royal Infirmary. During World War I, he hosted a Voluntary Aid Detachment hospital at the Reckitt & Sons factory and housed Belgian refugees at his home. He established the Sir James Reckitt Charity (1921) which supports charitable and Quaker organisations. As a pastime he was a collector of art.

Reckitt was active in local politics, with roles including JP, County Councillor, Deputy Lieutenant (of the East Riding); he was a member of the Liberal Party. In 1894 he was awarded a baronetcy in recognition of his public and political service.

He died at Swanland Manor on 18 March 1924.

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

British Quakers
Businesspeople from Kingston upon Hull
English philanthropists
Business people from Nottingham
1833 births
1924 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Reckitt people
Reckitt family


title: Socialist Party of Northern Ireland

text:
The Socialist Party of Northern Ireland, sometimes known as the Northern Ireland Socialist Party, was a small socialist group based in Northern Ireland in the 1930s.

Early years
The group originated in Belfast in 1892 as the Belfast Labour Party (BLP), founded by activists including William Walker and John Murphy.  It became a branch of the British-based Independent Labour Party (ILP) when that organisation was founded in 1893.  Later in the year, the British Trades Union Congress held its annual conference in Belfast, and an ILP fringe meeting was addressed by speakers including Keir Hardie, greatly increasing local party membership.  The local group opposed Irish Home Rule, but were widely attacked by hardline unionists, and as a result largely ceased activities in 1896.  However, Walker and Murphy continued to work together and hold membership of the ILP.

The ILP in Belfast was revived in 1906, when new branches were formed in North and Central Belfast, and it quickly grew to have five branches.  Walker remained its leading figure, while William McMullen also became a prominent activist.  James Connolly aimed to win these branches to his own Socialist Party of Ireland (SPI), and he called a unity conference in Dublin in 1912, attended by four of the Belfast ILP groups (the exception being Walker's North Belfast branch).  The branches united with the SPI and the Belfast branch of the British Socialist Party to form the "Independent Labour Party of Ireland", although this collapsed soon after the outbreak of World War I, after Connolly was banned from giving speeches alleged to be pro-German in Belfast by the local leadership of the group.  However, the Belfast groups were split in their attitudes to Home Rule, the North Belfast branch being the largest and most strongly loyalist, the Central branch being close to the British Labour Party, and the East Belfast branch remaining supportive of Connolly's republican nationalism.

Northern Ireland Labour Party
The ILP worked closely with the BLP. When the BLP became the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP), most ILP members in the city joined, while retaining their ILP membership.  This continued until 1932, when the ILP disaffiliated from the British Labour Party.  The national leadership wished the Belfast branches to similarly disaffiliate from the NILP, but members rejected the idea, and instead split from the ILP to form the Socialist Party of Northern Ireland.  This new body then affiliated to the NILP.  The Socialist Party had around 150 members, and was chaired by Fred McMahon, and later by Sam Haslett.  Other notable members included Jack Macgougan, secretary from 1935 onwards, and Victor Halley.

The ILP was based on the Crumlin Road, until its building was burnt down in the 1920s in a presumed sectarian attack.  It received a large sum in compensation, and used part of this to open a new Labour Hall at 48 York Street, which also housed a social club for members.

The party was very active in supporting the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, and McMahon went over to join a medical unit there, alongside Joe Boyd, another Socialist Party member.  In 1937, the party backed the short-lived Irish Democrat newspaper, co-published with the Communist Party of Ireland and the Republican Congress.  The party disappeared soon afterwards; many members, including Macgougan, devoted their time to the NILP, but Halley instead joined the Socialist Republican Party.

References

Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland
Independent Labour Party
Northern Ireland Labour Party
Political parties established in 1932
Socialist parties in Ireland


title: AC Indoor Open

text:
The AC Indoor Open is an annual indoor track and field competition organized by Athletics Canada. It consists of the Canadian youth and junior national championships and an international open for senior athletes. The inaugural event was held at the Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard in Montreal. The 2022 edition will take place in Saint John, New Brunswick.

See also
Athletics Canada
Sports in Canada
Canadian records in track and field
Canadian Track and Field Championships
Canadian Marathon Championships
Canadian Half Marathon Championships

References

Track and field competitions in Canada


title: Catalina Bauer

text:
Catalina Bauer Novoa, born in Buenos Aires on September 15, 1976 is a visual artist from Chile.

Background and education
She received a degree in arts from the Universidad Finis Terrae, and later specialized at the Universidad de Chile, where she was a student of Eugenio Dittborn.

In 2007, Bauer won a scholarship that allowed her to do a three-month residency in Xalapa, Mexico, at the Anthropology Museum of Xalapa (Museo de Antropología de Xalapa), where she further developed her skills in the fine arts. Bauer has also participated in an Artist Residency at Gasworks, London in 2011

In 2012, she was invited to develop a project with the participation programme of the same institution. She participated in a six-month residency at the International Art Programme in Leipzig, Germany in October 2014.

In 2018 she was the recipient of the Beca Arte, CCU - Corporación Cultural La Araucana (Art Grant, CCU - La Araucana Cultural Corporation).

Artwork style
Bauer's makes use of mixed media from her every day life and certain techniques in elementary crafts, such as braiding, weaving, and knitting. A majority of her media relied on the donation of supplies from members of the community, who were encouraged to participate in her programs Her art fuses ancient textile traditions with the Bauhaus principles of color, form and scale  Her work displayed at Gasworks Gallery consisted of independent projects and exhibitions, as well as collaborative projects with members of the local community.

Artwork and collaborations
She has worked with four other Chilean artists, Taller Bloc, is an artist-run space that has a very successful Tutorial Program. Bauer has been part of many national and international projects and exhibitions, such as; "Material Ligero", an itinerant project of exchange with the BLOC group: Margarette Lawrence Gallery, Melbourne, Australia in 2009 and AMA Museum, Washington DC, USA in 2011. “Techtonic Shift, Contemporary Art from Chile, from The Juan Yarur Collection”; Phillips de Pury & Company, Howick Place, London, UK. “Rewriting world”, IV Biennale of Contemporary Art in Moscow, Russia, “While is possible”, House of the Americas, Madrid, Spain in 2010.

Another one of Bauer's most famous pieces is at the Art Museum of the Americas. It is entitled Frivolité and is designed with the site's layout in mind. It has themes of femininity, which are demonstrated through the use of use of doilies and crochet handcrafts, which are often handmade by women in South American countries.

References

External links
 Catalina Bauer's personal website
 Available artworks at Artsy.net
 Page at Curiator

1976 births
Living people
21st-century Chilean women artists
Artists from Buenos Aires
Chilean artists
University of Chile alumni


title: Aetheorhyncha

text:
Aetheorhyncha is a genus of epiphytic orchids. It contains only one known species, Aetheorhyncha andreettae, endemic to Ecuador.

References

External links
IOSPE orchid photos, Aetheorhyncha andreettae (Jenny) Dressler 2005 Photo by © Madame Popow

Monotypic Epidendroideae genera
Zygopetalinae genera
Orchids of Ecuador
Epiphytic orchids
Zygopetalinae


title: Alauddin Mansur Syah

text:
Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah (died 1585 or 1586) was the eighth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He ruled Aceh from 1579 to 1585 or 1586 and was known as a pious Muslim ruler with cultural interests. His reign also saw some military expansion on the Malay Peninsula. With his death ended a 65-year long period of warfare between Aceh and the Portuguese.

Background

The Acehnese sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah I attacked and defeated the tin-producing Malay kingdom Perak in 1573. The widow and children of the slain Sultan Mansur Shah I of Perak were brought along to Aceh. After the death of Ali Ri'ayat Syah in 1579 three sultans sat on the shaky throne in the course of four months. When the last, Zainul Abidin was killed, there were probably no more adult descendants of Ali Mughayat Syah. As a descendant of both the old Melaka sultans and descendants of "what is believed by court contemporaries as Iskandar Zulkarnain (Alexander the Great)", Prince Mansur was considered eligible. He was placed on the throne under the name Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah, in about October 1579.

Reign

Sultan Alauddin Mansur is praised by the chronicles for his pious demeanour. He ordered his uleëbalangs (chiefs) to grow a beard and wear jubba and turban - in other words to dress Arabic. During his reign many ulemas from other parts of the Islamic world visited Aceh. The sources mention Shaykh Abd al-Khair from Mecca who taught about dogma and mysticism, Shaykh Muhammad Yamani who taught about fiqh, and Shaykh Muhammad Jailani from Ranir in Gujarat, uncle of the more famous scholar Nuruddin ar-Raniri who taught logic, rhetoric, etc. In 1582 the sultan dispatched a fleet against Johor on the Malay Peninsula. On its way thither it attacked Portuguese Melaka without success. However, Johor was successfully sacked. Although it was a Muslim power, Johor was seen as a dangerous rival in the region. The enterprise was a stage in the triangular fight between Aceh, Johore and the Portuguese which enabled the last-mentioned to hold out.

Assassination

New plans to attack the Portuguese were drawn up, but never came to fruition. In 1585 or 1586 he was murdered under unclear circumstances. According to the Portuguese chronicler Diogo do Couto a general and former slave, Mora Ratissa, killed him. According to a French account the murderer was a fisherman who had risen in the ranks of the kingdom through his military courage; this person later became sultan of Aceh under the name Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal. The murdered ruler left a young grandson, Raja Asyem, born from his daughter and the Johor sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II. However, the successor of Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah was another non-Acehnese, Sultan Buyung from Indrapura.

See also
 Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts

References

Literature

 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135–265.
 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië, Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
 Hadi, Amirul (2004) Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Leiden: Brill.
 Iskandar, Teuku (1958) De Hikajat Atjeh. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.

Year of birth missing
Sultans of Aceh
16th-century monarchs in Asia
1585 deaths
16th-century Indonesian people


title: Chondroscaphe

text:
Chondroscaphe is a genus of orchids native to southeastern Central America and northwestern South America.

Chondroscaphe amabilis (Schltr.) Senghas & G.Gerlach in F.R.R.Schlechter - Ecuador, Colombia
Chondroscaphe atrilinguis Dressler - Costa Rica, Panama
Chondroscaphe bicolor (Rolfe) Dressler - Costa Rica, Panama
Chondroscaphe chestertonii (Rchb.f.) Senghas & G.Gerlach in F.R.R.Schlechter - Ecuador, Colombia
Chondroscaphe dabeibaensis P.A.Harding - Colombia
Chondroscaphe eburnea (Dressler) Dressler - Panama
Chondroscaphe embreei (Dodson & Neudecker) Rungius - Ecuador, Colombia
Chondroscaphe escobariana (Dodson & Neudecker) Rungius - Colombia
Chondroscaphe flaveola (Linden & Rchb.f.) Senghas & G.Gerlach in F.R.R.Schlechter - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru
Chondroscaphe gentryi (Dodson & Neudecker) Rungius - Ecuador
Chondroscaphe merana (Dodson & Neudecker) Dressler - Ecuador
Chondroscaphe plicata (D.E.Benn. & Christenson) Dressler - Peru
Chondroscaphe venezuelana Pupulin & Dressler - Venezuela
Chondroscaphe yamilethae Pupulin - Costa Rica

See also
 List of Orchidaceae genera

References

External links

Zygopetalinae genera
Zygopetalinae


title: Humane Slaughter Association

text:
The Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) supports research, training, and development to improve the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter. It provides technical information about handling and slaughter on its website, training for farmer staff and vets, advice to governments and industry, and funding of science and technology to make slaughter more humane. HSA is the sister charity to Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.

History

The Council of Justice to Animals (CJA) was founded at a meeting held on 17, January 1911 to improve humane methods for the slaughter of livestock and address the killing of unwanted pets. The Duchess of Portland was elected President, physician Charles Reinhardt was Chairman and novelist Thomas Hardy was a member of the committee. In 1928, CJA merged with the Humane Slaughter of Animals Association to become the Council of Justice for Animals and the Humane Slaughter Association, which is most often called "the HSA.". On 1 April 2016 the Humane Slaughter Association became a charitable incorporated organization and the Council of Justice for Animals was dropped from the name.

In the early 1920s, HSA introduced and demonstrated a mechanical stunner, which led to the adoption of humane stunning "by 28 London boroughs and later by 494 other local authorities." HSA helped improve water, shelter, and handling conditions at animal markets. It lobbied for transporting cattle by train instead of on foot, and in 1941, rail lines were built to a major slaughterhouse for this reason.

HSA played a key role in passage of
 UK's Slaughter of Animals Act 1933, requiring mechanical stunning of cows and electrical stunning of pigs (The law excluded pig facilities without electricity, sheep, and Jewish/Muslim meat.)
 UK's Slaughter of Animals (Pigs) Act 1954, which required mechanical stunning of pigs outside slaughterhouses
 Canada's 1960 humane-slaughter regulations, partially inspired by HSA's captive-bolt demonstrations in 1950
 UK's ban on live exports for slaughter in the early 1970s (reversed in 1975).
HSA was asked for its views on the UK Slaughterhouses Act 1958 and the Prevention of Cruelty and Hygiene Regulations. HSA was mentioned in the House of Lords debates over UK's Slaughter of Poultry Act 1967.

Research support

Humane Slaughter Award

HSA aims to encourage research and development of more humane livestock-slaughter methods with its Humane Slaughter Award, which recognizes "individuals or organisations, based anywhere in the world, whose work has resulted in significant advances in the humane slaughter of farmed livestock."

Scholarships

HSA has given a total of 48 Dorothy Sidley Scholarships of £2,000 each "to enable students or trainees in the industry to carry out a project which is clearly aimed at improving the welfare of food animals in markets, during transport or at slaughter." Research supported has included the welfare of sheep while transported at sea, handling methods for poultry, rejection of carcases in religious slaughter, and captive-bolt stunning of alpacas.

In 2011, HSA gave a Research Training Scholarship for PhD research to Jessica Hopkins of the Scottish Agricultural College for exploration of humane mechanical methods to kill sick or injured chickens in emergency situations on farms, as an improvement over cervical dislocation, which is thought to not be completely humane. The research has been presented at several conferences.

Grants

HSA offers grants "for essential research and other projects aimed at improving animal welfare during transport, in markets and at slaughter." Past grants have addressed livestock transport vehicle emergencies, monitoring atmosphere stunning of poultry, and electrical stunning on sea bass.

Conferences

A 2004 HSA workshop in Lochearnhead, Scotland demonstrated an electric stunner for farmed trout. Electric stunning of farmed fish has since been widely adopted at least in the UK.

In 2011, to celebrate its centennial year, HSA organized the symposium "Recent Advances in the Welfare of Livestock at Slaughter", which was attended by 250 people from around the world. The event featured over a dozen presentations, including one by Temple Grandin.

In 2013, HSA convened a workshop on Low Atmospheric Pressure Stunning (LAPS), a proposal to kill chickens by withdrawing air from a chamber over the course of 5 minutes. The lack of oxygen induces unconsciousness without a rise in heart rate and with brain activity that resembles a sleep-like state before death.

Training and advice

HSA offers training courses to farmers (large-scale, small-scale, and hobbyist), slaughter workers, and students. For example, here is a subset of the trainings HSA conducted during 2009-2010:
 teaching a major UK duck farmer and processor about humane on-farm killing of sick and injured birds
 training a poultry processor in Thailand, a UK turkey processor, two retail sites for red-meat processing, and a pig processor
 training a salmon producer in Norway and rainbow-trout farmers in central Scotland
 five smallholder poultry-welfare courses and six courses on captive-bolt stunning for pigs.
HSA educational materials have won International Visual Communications Awards in 1995 and 2000 and the Meat Industry Awards Training Initiative of the Year, Poultry Welfare in 2006.

HSA also provides advice to meat producers, governments, and academics. At the request of a producer or retailer, it performs inspections of slaughterhouses and livestock markets to assess animal welfare and suggest improvements.

See also
 Animal slaughter
 Fish welfare at slaughter
 Controlled-atmosphere killing
 Temple Grandin

References

1911 establishments in the United Kingdom
Animal killing
Animal charities based in the United Kingdom
Animal welfare organisations based in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1911


title: Gonvisor

text:
GonVisor is a freeware sequential image viewer utility for Microsoft Windows used mainly to view digital images in the style of a comic book, manga or magazine. It has some additional features to create and manage archives and also to enhance the images.

It is created for Windows system, but it is almost compatible to run in Linux/Solaris/Mac using Wine (software).

Features
 Open Comic Book Archive files, directories with images and standard images.
 Create Comic Book Archive files, a description file and a password can be added.
 Adjust automatically image to the screen size.
 Full screen mode.
 Image transition effects.
 Reduce automatically margins.
 Enhange images adjusting different parameters to correct bad scanned images.
 Page through the images sequentially and scroll around pages with single key presses or mouse buttons.
 Display one or two pages at one time.
 Extraction of the images contained in a comic book archive.
 Bookmarks.
 Customizable hotkeys and mouse functions.
 Rating and management of comic book archives.
 Print images adjusting the image size.
 Bulk rename of image files.
 Music player control (Spotify, Winamp, Windows Media Player).
 Boss key to camouflage its window quickly.
 Multilanguage: Available in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Czech, Serbian and Dutch.

Files
GonVisor supports all major image formats, comic book reader files such as cbr, cbz, cb7 or cba, pdf files, and compressed files containing images. These formats were made popular by CDisplay but is now used by many other programs designed for reading comics. GonVisor also supports standard image formats (JPEG, PNEG, BMP..), directories of images and PDF format.

See also
 Comparison of image viewers

References

External links

Image viewers
Windows-only freeware