title: Invivo Wines

text:
Invivo Wines is a New Zealand wine company, currently based in the historic Te Kauwhata winery south of Auckland. It produces wine in partnership with TV celebrities Graham Norton and Sarah Jessica Parker, and aims to appeal to casual wine drinkers by avoiding the sort of marketing its founders perceive is too pompous or flowery. Invivo wines have won several awards and trophies in various international wine competitions, and its unorthodox approach to fund-raising and marketing won it the 2009 New Zealand Innovation in Wine Marketing Trophy, as well as two trophies for their Invivo X, SJP global launch at the 2020 New Zealand Marketing Awards.

Wines and other products

Invivo Wines has two main brands: the Invivo brand produces New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, from the Marlborough and Central Otago regions, including a higher tier range with a Michelle's label. Invivo's Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc won Winestates Sauvignon Blanc of the Year 2020. The Graham Norton's Own brand produces a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc and Rosé, a South Australian Shiraz, an Argentinean He-Devil Red Blend, an Italian DOC Prosecco and DOC Rosé Prosecco, as well as two Gins - an Irish Gin in the London Dry style and a pink Gin. In 2019 Invivo entered a partnership with Sarah Jessica Parker to produce the Invivo X range, including a Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc and a Provençal rosé. Invivo X, SJP has received 90 points from Wine Spectator for their first two vintages of Sauvignon Blanc as well as being named one of the Top 100 wines in the world.  Previously, Invivo also produced Belle, a label for low calorie, low alcohol Sauvignon Blanc and Rosé wines at 9% ABV, and a Scarlett's Spritzer range of sparkling natural fruit-infused drinks.

History

Invivo began in 2007 as an idea between old school friends, winemaker Rob Cameron and Tim Lightbourne. Invivo discovered chat-show star Graham Norton was a fan of their Sauvignon Blanc and sent him some of theirs to try. As a result, Invivo and Norton began working together on a "Graham Norton's Own" branded range of wines, starting with a 2015 Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc. Invivo winemakers and Norton meet each year to blend the next vintage of the range, subsequently expanded to include other varietals. Norton is also a minor shareholder of Invivo Wines.

In March 2015, Invivo became the first New Zealand company to raise NZD $2 million of equity crowdfunding, the maximum amount allowed under New Zealand regulations, raised through the Snowball Effect platform. By 2018, Invivo became the largest equity crowdfunded company in the Southern Hemisphere having raised NZD $4.4 million.

In November 2021, Invivo became the first New Zealand wine company to launch a Non-Fungible Token (NFT), when they sold their first NFT 2 days after launch for 0.08 ETH (Ethereum) they became the first NZ wine company to sell an NFT.

References

Wineries of New Zealand
Waikato District


title: Bic Conglomerate

text:
The Bic Conglomerate Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Cambrian Quebec
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Neopalame albida

text:
Neopalame albida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1985.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1985


title: Levis Formation

text:
The Levis Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Cambrian Quebec
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Neopalame albomaculata

text:
Neopalame albomaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Martins in 1976.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1976


title: Neopalame atromaculata

text:
Neopalame atromaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Martins in 1976.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1976


title: Neopalame cretata

text:
Neopalame cretata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Delfino in 1980.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1980


title: Horace Binney Sargent

text:
Horace Binney Sargent (June 26, 1821 – January 8, 1908) was an American soldier and politician.

Early life
Sargent was born in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, the son of Lucius Manlius Sargent (1786–1867), an author and temperance advocate, and Mary Sarah Binney (d. 1824), the sister of Horace Binney, a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 2nd District.

He graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1843.  He received his ll.b. from Harvard Law School in 1845, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Boston.  In 1846, Sargent received his Master of Arts degree from Harvard.

Career
During the American Civil War he joined the Union Army, becoming an aide to General Nathaniel P. Banks with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Serving in the Army of the Potomac, he fought in the engagements at Secessionville, Culpeper Court House, and Rapidan Station, and in the battles of Antietam, South Mountain, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. In the spring of 1864, as Colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, he was seriously wounded and this ended his career. For his services Sargent was brevetted to the rank of brigadier general.

He served as commandant of the Massachusetts Department of the Grand Army of the Republic from 1876 to 1878. He was the first president of the Soldiers Home in Chelsea, Massachusetts, a position which he filled until 1884, and he remained on its board of trustees until his death.

He ran for Governor of Massachusetts as the Greenback Party candidate in 1880.  After retirement he lived in California with his daughter Elizabeth.

Personal life
He was married to Elizabeth Little Swett (1822–1866), the daughter of Tasker Hazard Swett. Together, they were the parents of:

 Horace Binney Sargent Jr. (1847–1896)
 Elizabeth Hazard Sargent (1850–1920), who married Bowman H. McCalla (1844–1910), a rear admiral in the U.S. Navy
 William Winthrop Sargent (1851–1867), who died young.
 Lucius Manilus Sargent (1848–1893), who married Marian Appleton Coolidge (1853–1924), eldest daughter of Ambassador T. Jefferson Coolidge and a descendant of Thomas Jefferson.

Sargent died of heart disease in Santa Barbara, California on January 8, 1908.

References

External links

1821 births
1908 deaths
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Grand Army of the Republic officials
Union Army colonels
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard College alumni


title: Neopalame deludens

text:
Neopalame deludens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1985.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1985


title: Neopalame digna

text:
Neopalame digna is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1935


title: Sister-wife of Njörðr

text:
In Norse mythology, the sister-wife of Njörðr is the unnamed wife and sister of the god Njörðr, with whom he is described as having had the (likewise incestuous) twin children Freyr and Freyja. This shadowy goddess is attested to in the Poetic Edda poem Lokasenna, recorded in the 13th century by an unknown source, and the Heimskringla book Ynglinga saga, a euhemerized account of the Norse gods composed by Snorri Sturluson also in the 13th century but based on earlier traditional material. The figure receives no further mention in Old Norse texts.

The situation is further complicated in that narratives describing the birth of Freyr and Freyja contradictorily cite the birth of the siblings occurring either after or before Njörðr left Vanaheimr to live among the Æsir. In addition, Freyr is referred to as the "son" of Njörðr and the goddess Skaði in the Poetic Edda poem Skírnismál.

In his first-century work Germania, Tacitus describes rituals surrounding a deity by the name of Nerthus, a theonym that is etymologically ancestral to Old Norse Njörðr. However, the figure described by Tacitus is female. Based on this scholars have suggested a Proto-Germanic hermaphroditic deity or a gender aspectual pair (similar to Freyja and Freyr), identified the obscure Old Norse goddess name Njörun as a potential name for the otherwise unnamed goddess, and in some cases identified a potential reflex of a narrative about Njörðr and his sister-wife in Saxo Grammaticus's 12th-century work Gesta Danorum.

Textual background
In a euhemerized account of the gods in Ynglinga saga chapter 4, Snorri Sturluson characterizes Freyr and Freyja as the offspring of Njörðr by his unnamed sister, to whom he was married by Vanic custom:

In the Eddic poem Lokasenna, Loki also states that Njörðr had Freyr by his sister:

In contrast, in the Gylfaginning section of his Prose Edda, after telling the story of Njörðr's unhappy marriage to Skaði that occurred after he came to live among the Æsir, Snorri states that Freyr and Freyja were born after that; Freyr is also presented as the son of Njörðr and Skaði in the Eddic poem Skírnismál. However, in Ynglinga saga Freyr, and presumably Freyja, accompanies Njörðr when he comes to live with the Æsir as a hostage after the Æsir–Vanir War; and Lokasenna alludes to Freyja having been "surprised" in Vanic incest with her brother.

Scholarly interpretation
Scholars since Jacob Grimm have regarded the chronology in Ynglinga saga as more likely to be original and taken Freyr and Freyja as having been therefore born to Njörðr by an unmentioned Vanic wife. Jan de Vries suggested a remnant of ancient Indo-European custom. Since Nerthus in Tacitus' late-1st century Germania is an earth goddess, terra mater (mother earth), but her name is etymologically identical to his, the suggestion is that there was originally a hermaphroditic deity, or more likely that they were a married twin pair, parallel to Freyr and Freyja. Georges Dumézil pointed out that in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, the hero Hadingus' life closely parallels Njörðr's, including a relationship with his foster-sister Harthgrepa followed by marriage to a princess who chooses him by his feet, as Skaði does in Gylfaginning. Grimm suggested that Freyja was thought of as the daughter of the female Nerthus and Freyr as the son of the male Njörðr. It is possible that the goddess' name survives in the uncharacterized Njörun who appears in some skaldic kennings and in the Nafnaþulur that were later appended to the Prose Edda; other divine pairs with similarly differentiated names in the Old Norse corpus are Ullr and Ullin and Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn, and the Old High German Phol and Volla may also be a pair.

References

Vanir
Norse goddesses
Incest in mythology


title: Gaspe Bay Sandstone Group

text:
The Gaspe Bay Sandstone Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Devonian Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Miguasha Group

text:
The Miguasha Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Devonian Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Chazy Group

text:
The Chazy Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Ordovician Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Jolliet Group

text:
The Jolliet Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Ordovician Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Matapédia Group

text:
The Matapédia Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Ordovician Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Edward L. Salmon Jr.

text:
Edward Lloyd "Ed" Salmon, Junior (January 30, 1934 – June 29, 2016) was an American bishop in The Episcopal Church.

Biography
Born in Natchez, Mississippi, he received his bachelor's degree from the University of the South and a bachelor's degree in theology from Virginia Theological Seminary. In 1961, he was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Arkansas in The Episcopal Church. From 1990 to 2008, he served as bishop of the Diocese of South Carolina. He was a noted conservative who remained in the Episcopal Church, unlike his former diocese.

He was a member of Communion Partners, an Episcopal group which opposed the 77th General Episcopal Convention's decision to authorize the blessing of same-sex marriages in 2012. The measure to allow the blessing of same-sex unions won by a 111–41 vote with 3 abstentions.

He chaired the board of The Anglican Digest for 41 years. After retiring from his episcopal see, Salmon served as the dean of Nashotah House Theological Seminary in Wisconsin.

References

1934 births
2016 deaths
Episcopal bishops of South Carolina
Nashotah House faculty
People from Natchez, Mississippi
People from Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Religious leaders from Wisconsin
Sewanee: The University of the South alumni
Virginia Theological Seminary alumni
20th-century Anglican bishops in the United States
21st-century Anglican bishops in the United States
Anglican realignment people


title: Anticosti Group

text:
The Anticosti Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Silurian Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Chaleurs Group

text:
The Chaleurs Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

Silurian Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: Quebec Group

text:
The Quebec Group is a geologic group in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Quebec

References

 III.—On Palæosaccus Dawsoni, Hinde, a New Genus and Species of Hexactinellid Sponge from the Quebec Group (Ordovician) at Little Métis, Quebec, Canada. GJ Hinde - Geological Magazine (Decade III), 1893 - Cambridge Univ Press
 Graptolites of the Quebec group. J Hall - 1865

Silurian Quebec
Geologic groups of Quebec


title: West Centre Cove Formation

text:
The West Centre Cove Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Brigus Formation

text:
The Brigus Formation is a fossiliferous (e.g. trilobites) upper lower Cambrian geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador.

It comprises a series of deep red nodular mudstones, with some prominent grey limestone beds.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Notes

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Forteau Formation

text:
The Forteau Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

Age
A Dyerian trilobite fauna places it predominantly in the Bonnia‒Olenellus trilobite zone

Fauna
Among its fauna are small carbonaceous fossils and brachiopods  and trilobites

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Petit Jardin Formation

text:
The Petit Jardin Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Basher (nickname)

text:
As a nickname, Basher or the Basher may refer to:

As "Basher"

 Robert Bates (loyalist) (1948–1997), a member of the loyalist Shankill Butchers gang from Belfast, Northern Ireland
 Basher Hassan (born 1944), Kenyan retired cricketer Sheikh Basharat Hassan
 Nick Lowe (born 1949), English singer-songwriter, musician and producer
 Jack "Basher" Williams (1917–2000), Australian rules footballer

As "the Basher"

 Subhas Anandan (1947–2015), a prominent criminal lawyer in Singapore with numerous high-profile cases, including a 2010 case involving actress Quan Yi Fong

See also

 Basher (disambiguation)

Nicknames


title: Big Cove Formation

text:
The Big Cove Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Carboniferous Newfoundland and Labrador
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Woody Cove beds Formation

text:
The Woody Cove beds Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Searston Beds Formation

text:
The Searston Beds Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Carboniferous Newfoundland and Labrador
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Windsor Formation

text:
The Windsor Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Carboniferous Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Redmond Formation

text:
The Redmond Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian). It was a thin (up to  thick) and restricted unit traced for  in a single mine (Redmond No. 1) in Labrador, overlying Paleoproterozoic rocks, with large amounts of rubble, probably as a result of graben subsidence within the Labrador trough. Argillite facies within the formation have produced a diverse flora and insect assemblage.

Fossil content

Mesoraphidiidae
 Alloraphidia dorfi

Palaeoleontidae
 Palaeoleon ferrogeneticus

Susumaniidae
 Palaeopteron complexum

Coleoptera
 Coleoptera indet.

Labradorocoleidae
 Labradorocoleus carpenteri

Cupedidae
 Cupedidae indet.
 Haliplidae indet.
 Peltodytes sp.

Tettigarctidae
 Maculaferrum blaisi

Dictyoptera
 Cretatermes carpenteri
 Labradormantis guilbaulti

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of Newfoundland and Labrador
Cretaceous Newfoundland and Labrador
Cenomanian Stage
Shale formations
Shallow marine deposits
Paleontology in Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Espinas (surname)

text:
Espinas is a surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Alfred Espinas (1844–1922), French philosopher
Gabby Espinas (born 1982), Filipino basketball player

See also
Espinas, a commune in southern France
Espina


title: Morna (band)

text:
Morna is a Slovak progressive death metal band founded in 2010 by Michal Vlkovic, Jakub Filip and Robert Ruman. In summer of 2011, Tomas Cvecka joined Morna as a full-time bass guitarist. Morna is distinctive for their ability to combine many stylistic elements and influences such as melodiousness, progressivity, use of acoustic guitar parts and heavy riffs, death growls and clean vocals and classical hard rock, progressive rock and blues influences.

In May 2013 the band released their debut studio album, A Tale of Woe. In February 2014, it was nominated in the category of Hard & Heavy for Record of the year of 2013 by Radio Head Awards.

In May 2015 the band announced they were gearing up to record their second full-length studio album. Recording started in July 2015 and continued to the end of November at the same year. In the same month, on 13 November, Morna announced the new album would be called Nuisance. An announcement of the track listing soon followed. Nuisance was nominated by Radio Head Awards 2015 for the Record of the Year. It won the award for the album in the category Hard & Heavy.

Discography

A Tale of Woe (2013)
Nuisance (2015)

Awards and nominations
Radio Head Awards

|-
| align="center"| 2014
| A Tale of Woe
| Best Hard & Heavy Record
|
|-
| align="center"| 2016
| Nuisance
| Best Hard & Heavy Record
|

References

External links

Musical groups established in 2010
Slovak heavy metal musical groups
Death metal musical groups
2010 establishments in Slovakia


title: Bay du Nord series

text:
The Bay du Nord series is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Devonian Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic formations of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Manitoba Provincial Road 340

text:
Manitoba Provincial Road 340 is a provincial road in the southwestern section of the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Route description

The route begins at PTH 2 south of Wawanesa, and terminates at the Trans-Canada Highway just north of Douglas.

PR 340 is the main road that serves CFB Shilo. The route is paved at the northern and southern ends of the route, with a large gravel section connecting CFB Shilo with Treesbank.

History

PR 340 was originally a much longer provincial road in comparison to its current distance. In the early 1990s, the Manitoba government decommissioned a number of provincial secondary roads and returned the maintenance of these roads back to the rural municipalities. The section of the original PR 340 between Treesbank and Belmont was included in this decommissioning.

Prior to this, PR 340 started at PTH 3 near Holmfield. From this point, it traveled north, meeting PTH 23 just south of Belmont. From Belmont, PR 340 continued north, with small jaunts eastward, before meeting PTH 2 west of Glenboro. The two highways would run in a short westbound concurrence before PR 340 left the concurrence and continued north through the community of Stockton. Once it passed Stockton, PR 340 gradually turned west towards Treesbank where it turned north once again. The highway rejoined its current configuration just north of the community after a short crossing over the Assiniboine River at Treesbank Ferry.

After the decommissioning of the original route, the section of PR 340 between PTH 3 and PTH 23 was redesignated as PR 458. As well, a small section around Treesbank was redesignated as PR 530, and PR 340 was reconfigured on to a road previously designated as PR 344. It is the stretch it travels on through Wawanesa (where it meets the current PR 344) to its current southern terminus with PTH 2. The sections of the original route that were not redesignated are now maintained by the Rural Municipalities of Oakland, South Cypress, and Strathcona.

The original length of PR 340 was .

References

External links
Manitoba Official Map - Southwest

340


title: Ruan Sims

text:
Ruan Sims  (born 4 February 1982) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union footballer.

She played rugby union for . She was a member of the Wallaroos squad at the 2006, and 2010 Rugby World Cup where they finished in third place. She played rugby league for Australia at the 2013 & 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup and was part of the squad that won the tournament.

Background
She is the older sister of Fijian rugby league internationals Ashton, Tariq and Korbin. She was brought up in a sporting household in Gerringong where Ruan held the gumboot throwing record in 2013. Sims inherits her interest in Rugby from her mother, Jackie Sims. She works for Fire and Rescue NSW.

Playing career
She was part of the Australian Jillaroos squad at the 2015 NRL Auckland Nines.

Sims was the first woman to receive a player contract in the NRL, signed with the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.

Since March 2017, Sims works with the ABC Radio Grandstand NRL commentary team, providing commentary both in-box and on the sideline. She is also a regular panellist on Nine Network's 100% Footy.

In April 2018, Sims stepped down as a Dally M Awards judge after casting votes for the Round 7 NRL game between Parrammatta and Manly at ANZ Stadium where she was not in attendance due to other commitments. Judges are required to attend their assigned games.

In June 2018, Sims was announced as one of fifteen marquee signings by the Sydney Roosters women's team which participated in the inaugural NRL Women's Premiership in September 2018.

Sims was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours list.

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Australia women's international rugby union players
Australian female rugby union players
Australian people of Fijian descent
Australian female rugby league players
Australia women's national rugby league team players
Australian female rugby sevens players
Australian firefighters
Sydney Roosters (NRLW) players
Rugby league props
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Sydney
Rugby league second-rows
Ruan
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Sportswomen from New South Wales


title: Yokahu Lodge

text:
Yokahu Lodge 506 is the Order of the Arrow Lodge of the Puerto Rico Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Since 2021, Yokahu Lodge is part of the Eastern Region, Section E-17 (formerly Northeastern Region, Section NE-5) of the Order of the Arrow. The Lodge's totem is the Three-Point Taíno Cemí.

History
In 1953, the very first delegation of Scouts from the Puerto Rico Council attended the National Scout Jamboree at Irving Ranch, California. Among the activities, the delegation witnessed in awe an Order of the Arrow ceremony that caught the attention of its adults. Having the ceremony concluded, they approached the OA members and asked them about the ceremony and its meanings. Upon the delegation's return to Puerto Rico, the idea of the Order of the Arrow was taken to the Puerto Rico Council.

With the necessary requirements in hand provided by the OA National Office, the council tasked the founding of the Order of the Arrow in Puerto Rico to its executive Luis Matías Ferrer in 1954. Having no knowledge of the organization, he sought the help of Dr. Frank H. Wadsworth, who had been inducted in the Order of the Arrow during his youth in the United States, and was also the only OA member in Puerto Rico at the time. The first Ordeal ceremony took place April 10–15, 1954 at Guajataka Scout Reservation with Dr. Wadsworth acting as the first Ordealmaster. Because of this role in the first Ordeal ceremony, Wadsworth has been recognized as the Yokahu Lodge's main, or sometimes only, founder throughout its history with not enough credit given to Luis Matías Ferrer.

After the establishment of the Order of the Arrow in Puerto Rico, the Lodge was named Yukiyú later renamed to Yokahu, a variant of the name proposed by archaeologist, anthropologist and historian, Dr. Ricardo Alegría. In the beginning, the Lodge translated the ceremony scripts from English to Spanish and used Native American regalia, but decided later to slightly modify the ceremonies by assimilating the Taíno heritage with the Lenni Lennape culture, incorporating Taíno-based regalia and adapting the scripts to the Taíno culture. Yokahu Lodge is the only Order of the Arrow Lodge that uses Spanish as its main language.

When Yokahu Lodge was founded, it also covered the United States Virgin Islands when the Puerto Rico Council was then-known as the "Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Council". A chapter for the Virgin Islands, Chapter Arawak, was created to support them until they separated and created the Virgin Islands Council and Arawak Lodge 562 in 1965.

Headquarters
The Lodge's office headquarters, where lodge, section and national business are managed, are within the Puerto Rico Council while field headquarters are at Guajataka Scout Reservation, considered as the official home of Yokahu Lodge. Most of the Lodge activities are celebrated in the camp where the Order of the Arrow has provided service to the facilities for many years. The OA has its own campsite, called "The Cabin", which occupancy has been discontinued due to structural damages, but still remains standing. In the past, the Paquito Joglar campsite area was considered the official gathering place for the Lodge, later becoming a campers area due to the need of space for the many Scouts that attended camp.

Chapters
Throughout its history, Yokahu Lodge 506 has been composed of varying numbers of chapters. More or fewer chapters were created or merged with others to adapt to changes in their membership and in the national and local regulations of the BSA and the Order of the Arrow. As many as nine chapters have existed at different times in their history. Since 2018, there are six active chapters aligned with the same number and territory of districts of the Puerto Rico Council.

The name of each chapter corresponds to words or names from the Taíno language. Arasibo, Guarionex and Majagua are named after caciques who ruled the territory where each chapter is located in. Cayniabón, Guaraka and Yagüeka are named after the Taíno name of each of their chapter's territories. Guaní and Guaitiao mean "golden disk that identifies the Cacique" and "friendship", respectively. Finally, the former Arawak Chapter took its name from the Arawak people of which the Taínos formed an important part.

The current chapters and the cities belonging to each one (with base cities denoted in bold) are:

Arasibo: Arecibo, Barceloneta, Camuy, Ciales, Florida, Hatillo, Lares, Manatí, Morovis, Orocovis, Quebradillas, Utuado, Vega Baja

Guaitiao: Canóvanas, Carolina, Fajardo, Guaynabo, Loíza, Luquillo, Río Grande, San Juan, Trujillo Alto

Guaní: Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Caguas, Cayey, Ceiba, Cidra, Comerío, Culebra, Gurabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las Piedras, Maunabo, Naguabo, Patillas, San Lorenzo, Vieques, Yabucoa

Guarionex: Adjuntas, Arroyo, Coamo, Guayama, Guayanilla, Jayuya, Peñuelas, Ponce, Salinas, Santa Isabel, Villalba, Yauco

Majagua: Barranquitas, Bayamón, Cataño, Corozal, Dorado, Naranjito, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Vega Alta

Yagüeka: Aguada, Aguadilla, Añasco, Cabo Rojo, Guánica, Hormigueros, Isabela, Lajas, Las Marías, Maricao, Mayagüez, Moca, Rincón, Sabana Grande, San Germán, San Sebastián

Lodge Chiefs

Activities

Main
There are four main activities in the Lodge's calendar. The Retorno is celebrated on a weekend between March and April; its purpose is to reunite the Lodge's Arrowmen to lay out and distribute the year's activities and the chapters in charge of running each one, it also serves as a chance to meet the new Lodge Executive Board for the year. Halfway through the year, the Lodge celebrates its high adventure activity between August and September, in order to challenge each Arrowmen's outdoor skills. In October, the Lodge celebrates its Guateke (from the Taíno language, meaning gathering), a fellowship event in which chapters participate in various competitions such as ceremony, regalia, dialogue, sports, triathlon and trivia; the highlight of the Guateke is the youth nominations for the positions of the Lodge Executive Board during the Fall Assembly. Finally in December, the annual Convention serves as the conclusion of the Lodge's year, similar to a "Court of Honor", in which different recognitions and awards are handed out based on service during the year and the youth elections for the executive board are held.

Other activities include the start-of-the-year Lodge Leadership Seminar followed by the First Executive Meeting, both taking place the same day early January, the Second Executive Meeting between March and April, the third and final Executive Meeting between late August and early September and a service project.

Inductions
Inductions are celebrated four times a year, usually once a month from May to August. The induction weekends are called Ordeal/Bros, which began in 1993, since both Ordeal and Brotherhood ceremonies take place at the same time. The Vigil Honor is celebrated as an independent activity from Saturday evening to midday Sunday on the weekend of Thanksgiving, strictly open to Vigil Honor members and candidates.

2008 Section Conclave
The 2008 NE-2A Section Conclave took place at Guajataka Scout Reservation, marking the first time that the Yokahu Lodge hosted such event and the first to be held outside the United States. The event had a record attendance of 500 Arrowmen including the National Chief and Vice-Chief, Northeast Region Chief and many Section Chiefs. In this Conclave, the Section changed from NE-2A to NE-5A with the Section losing and acquiring other Lodges. At this event, Alberto del Valle, from Yokahu Lodge, became the second Puerto Rican to become a Section officer after being elected Section Vice-Chief. The first Yokahu Arrowman to become a Section officer was Fernando Moreno, who was elected Section Secretary, years prior.

2016 Section Conclave
Yokahu hosted the NE-5A Section Conclave in August 2016 at Guajataka Scout Reservation for the second time in its Lodge history. More than 350 people from New Jersey and Puerto Rico attended the event, including the Order of the Arrow's National Chief, Northeast Region Chief and NE-5B Section Chief (also, NE-5 Section Co-Chief). In this Conclave, the outgoing Section Chief, Rodrigo Córdova, from Yokahu Lodge, who became the third Puerto Rican to become a Section officer, passed on his position to Christian Wolpert Gaztambide, another fellow Yokahu Arrowman, who was also elected as Section Chief of NE-5A and, subsequently, NE-5 Section Co-Chief. He became the fourth Puerto Rican to become a Section officer, the second to become Section Chief and the first back-to-back for the same position for a Yokahu Arrowman. This Conclave marked the final one as Section NE-5A before its merger with NE-5B to form one NE-5, acquiring an additional six Lodges to the five that NE-5A already had.

National Leadership Seminar
In 2002, Yokahu Lodge hosted the order's National Leadership Seminar for the first time which included visits from the National Chief and Northeast Region Chief. Yokahu again hosted the NLS for their membership's attendance in October 2014 and included visits from the Northeast Region Chief and the National Vice-Chief.

Awards
The Lodge has its own recognitions for distinguished service to the Lodge. The Cemí de Bronce () is awarded to youth, while the Premio del Alegre Servicio (), also known as the Three W's, which consists of three pins with the letter W on each one, is awarded to adults. Like the Vigil Honor, these awards are not earned by a set of requirements, but instead are awarded on a specific criteria set by a recognitions committee composed of youth Arrowmen. These awards have their own quota and are given during the convention.

Yokahu Lodge co-founder Dr. Frank H. Wadsworth is the Lodge's only recipient of the Distinguished Service Award, awarded in 1965 in recognition of his service to the Order of the Arrow. The Lodge was recipient of the Journey To Excellence Gold Award for the first time in 2013.

Media
Yokahu Lodge publishes a newsletter named El Cemí, established by a young Alfred D. Herger shortly after the foundation of the Lodge. It is named after the Lodge totem and is traditionally published four times a year on March, September, October and December. In January 2012, the Lodge launched their official Facebook and Twitter accounts, integrating the era of social media to their communications and establishing efficient interactions with their Arrowmen. In January 2013, the Lodge created their Instagram account and, later, Snapchat in August 2015. The publication, social platforms and email are all managed between the chairman of the communications committee and the Lodge secretary, with assistance from the adult advisers.

See also
Order of the Arrow
Scouting in Puerto Rico

Notes

References

External links
Yokahu Lodge Facebook
Yokahu Lodge Twitter
Yokahu Lodge Instagram
Puerto Rico Council Facebook

Order of the Arrow lodges


title: Briscal Formation

text:
The Briscal Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Archbishop Sava

text:
Archbishop Sava may refer to:

 Archbishop Sava I, Serbian Archbishop from 1219 to 1233
 Archbishop Sava II, Serbian Archbishop from 1263 to 1271
 Archbishop Sava III, Serbian Archbishop from 1309 to 1316
 Archbishop Sava IV, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1354 to 1375
 Archbishop Sava V, Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1396 to 1406

See also
Patriarch Sava (disambiguation)
Archbishop Arsenije (disambiguation)
List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church


title: Drook Formation

text:
The Drook Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period. It contains a stratum dated to .

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Gaskiers Formation

text:
The Gaskiers Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Mistaken Point Formation

text:
The Mistaken Point Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is recognized as a Lagerstätte preserving fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.  It contains a stratum dated to .

Geology
Mistaken Point Formation includes many fine ash-beds, which are a good source of zircons used in the uranium-lead method of radiometric dating, allowing the site to be confidently dated to approximately 565 million years old.

These fine-grained volcanic ash beds also preserve finely detailed fossils.

Fossils

Mistaken Point contains the some of the oldest ediacaran biota in an Avalon-type assemblage. They are commonly categorized as Spindle-shaped (Fractofusus), Frond-shaped (Charniodiscus), or Bush-like / Radiating (Bradgatia) in form. Spindles are the most common fossils in the assemblage. Other forms do exist, such as the conical Thectardis.

Some of the forms here appear to survive until the extinction of the Ediacaran biota at the base of the Cambrian. The evolutionary history of these forms is unknown, though hypotheses exist.

Discovery of Ediacaran fossils in the Avalon Peninsula
In the summer of 1967, Shiva Balak Misra, an Indian graduate student (1966–69) at Newfoundland's Memorial University discovered a rich assemblage of imprints of soft bodied organisms on the surface of large rock slabs, while mapping the Conception Group of Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland near Cape Race, at a place called Mistaken Point.

These unusual impressions of previously unknown soft-bodied sea animals on the surfaces of argillites (mudstone) included coelenterates and other metazoa of the Ediacarian period, 575 to 560 million years ago.   These fossils are records of the oldest known complex life forms that existed anywhere on Earth. Misra was the first to prepare and present a systematic geological map of the region, to classify and describe the rock sequence of the area and to work out the depositional history of the rocks.

The description of the fossil assemblage together with their mode of occurrence, the cause of sudden death, ecological conditions and chronological position form part of Misra's detailed thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science. The discovery was reported in a 1968 letter to Nature. Misra described the Mistaken Point fauna in detail in 1969, in a paper published in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. He sorted the fossil assemblage into five groups, namely spindle-shaped, leaf-shaped, round lobate, dendrite like, and radiating. Each group was defined in terms of distribution and form, sub-categories and biological affinity.

The geological environment of the fossil-bearing rocks and the ecology of the animals that lived and died in the Conception Sea were described by Misra in two of his subsequent papers published in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America in 1971 and in the Journal of the Geological Society of India in 1981. Mistaken Point Ecological Reserve is a  5.7-square kilometer area of the coast that protects the fossils.

The sudden appearance of Ediacaran soft bodied organisms in the Mistaken Point assemblage has been called the 'Ediacaran Explosion' or 'Avalon Explosion'

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador
 Lagerstätte

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Fermeuse Formation

text:
The Fermeuse Formation is a fossil-bearing Ediacaran geologic formation in Newfoundland.

Palaeobiological community

On Avalon Peninsula there is low diversity, and includes rare trace fossils, Palaeopascichnus, and Aspidella discs, sometimes in great concentrations.

On Bonavista Peninsula there is higher diversity, including more fronds (rangeomorphs) and better preserved than on Avalon Peninsula.

Depositional environment
On Bonavista Peninsula the depositional environment was a slope and outer shelf–below photic zone Turbidites probably were the dominant sediment transporters.

It is predominantly silts and sands, in contrast to underlying Trepassey Formation, which is mostly dark grey shales. There is a coarsening up sequence throughout the two formations, such that the top of the Fermeuse is predominantly sandstones.

On Avalon Peninsula there were much shallower waters, particularly than in underlying Mistaken Point Formation and Trepassey Formation.   It is indicated by sandy channel fills, slumping, occasional silts.  There is a possible delta front and shallow slope setting.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Renews Head Formation

text:
The Renews Head Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Trepassey Formation

text:
The Trepassey Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in Newfoundland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Umit Eminoglu

text:
Umit Yucel Eminoglu (; born 14 September 1994) is a former footballer and current coach, who played as midfielder. He is currently a youth coach at Walsall.

He began his career with English Premier League side Aston Villa, spending 11 years in their academy without making a first-team appearance before he was released in 2013.

He has played for clubs in both England and Turkey, he made his professional debut in 2013 with Gençlerbirliği and after a short spell in English non-league football, briefly played for Giresunspor of the TFF First League and later Sancaktepe Belediyespor of the TFF Second League. He later returned to England to rejoin former club Redditch United, and short spells with a number of sides in the Midland Football Combination in 2014 and 2015, including Banbury United.

Eminoglu opted to represent Turkey internationally and has been capped at youth level.

Club career
Eminoglu progressed through the academy at Aston Villa, scoring nine times in the Premier Academy League in the 2011–12 season. He left in 2013 and signed a three-year contract with Turkish Süper Lig side Gençlerbirliği. On 25 September 2013, Eminoglu made his full professional debut for the Ankara-based club in the second round of the 2013–14 Turkish Cup. He came off the bench to replace Doğa Kaya in the 82nd minute of Gençlerbirliği's 2–1 victory over third-tier club Sarıyer.

However, his stay in Turkey was to be short-lived and he returned to England to sign for Hednesford Town of the Conference North in December 2013. He made two substitute appearances for Hednesford before becoming dual-registered with Redditch United later that month, scoring two goals in his first game against Bideford on 17 December 2013. He moved from Hednesford to Halesowen Town in January 2014, making just one substitute appearance against Rainworth Miners Welfare that month before departing.

In July 2014, he returned to Turkey to go on trial with newly promoted TFF First League club Giresunspor. He was one of a group of Giresunspor players who passed medical examinations on 24 July 2014. On 31 July, he was named in Giresunspor's 26-man squad for the 2014–15 season.

However, he once again returned to England shortly after. He made just one Turkish Cup appearance for Giresunspor before it was announced that he was to rejoin former club Redditch United in October 2014, subject to international clearance. He later played for Studley at the end of 2014 before moving on to play for Banbury United and Littleton. He signed for Bartley Green Illey F.C. on 27 February, and then joined Boldmere St. Michaels. He signed for Bromsgrove Sporting in June 2015. Eminoglu had another brief spell in Turkey, playing for the 3.Lig side Sancaktepe Belediyespor in late 2015 before returning to Bromsgrove Sporting.

On 2 July 2021, Eminoglu signed for Midland League Division Two side Alcester Town. In January 2022, Eminoglu was banned until the end of the season, after being accused of throwing mud at a referee during a game.

Coaching career
In August 2022, Eminoglu joined Kidderminster Harriers as a coach, after obtaining his UEFA B Licence. In August 2023, he joined Walsall as a Youth Coach.

International career
Eminoglu is eligible to represent both Turkey and England at international level. He has earned three caps for Turkey's under-18 side.

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Solihull
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's youth international footballers
English men's footballers
English people of Turkish descent
Aston Villa F.C. players
Gençlerbirliği S.K. footballers
Hednesford Town F.C. players
Redditch United F.C. players
Halesowen Town F.C. players
Giresunspor footballers
Barwell F.C. players
Studley F.C. players
Banbury United F.C. players
Littleton F.C. players
Boldmere St. Michaels F.C. players
Bromsgrove Sporting F.C. players
Feckenham F.C. players
Darlaston Town (1874) F.C. players
Alcester Town F.C. players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Association football coaches
Walsall F.C. non-playing staff


title: Black Cove Formation

text:
The Black Cove Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Boat Harbour Formation

text:
The Boat Harbour Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Catoche Formation

text:
The Catoche FormationFormation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Watts Bight Formation

text:
The Watts Bight Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Table Cove Formation

text:
The Table Cove Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Table Point Formation

text:
The Table Point Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Green Point Formation

text:
The Green Point Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador

Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Shallow Bay Formation

text:
The Shallow Bay Formation is a geologic formation in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Labrador Group

text:
The Labrador Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Port Au Port Group

text:
The Port Au Port Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Cambrian Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: The Howard County Times

text:
The Howard County Times is a daily newspaper serving Howard County, Maryland, USA. Although it claims to trace its origins to 1840, it was founded in 1869 as The Ellicott City Times, a weekly newspaper. In 1958, its name was changed to The Howard County Times and it was acquired by the then-independent local publisher Patuxent Publishing Company in 1978, along with other local papers.  The Howard County Times is currently a unit of the Baltimore Sun Media Group and maintains its online news page on The Baltimore Sun website. The Howard County Times website and social media pages provide news items from the Times as well as several other local area newspapers and magazines, including the Columbia Flier, the Laurel Leader, and Howard magazine.

History
The Howard County Times traces its history to 1840, when the Howard Free Press was established by Edward Waite and Matthew Fields in Ellicott City, the major town along the upper branches of the Patapsco River (and future county seat) of Howard County, Maryland, just west of Baltimore, the major city and port of Maryland. The newspaper was published until 1842. Between 1840 and the Civil War, a succession of newspapers opened and closed in Ellicott City (then called Ellicott's Mills) and Howard County. After the Patapsco Enterprise closed in fall 1861, no newspaper was published in Howard County until 1865 when the Howard County Record was founded by the publisher Isaiah Wolfersberger. In 1869, John R. Brown, Jr., a Howard County native who had served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, purchased the Howard County Record and changed its name to The Ellicott City Times. Under Brown, the newspaper was successful. After Brown's death in 1877, the paper had a number of owners. In 1882, Edwin Warfield, (1848–1920), later Governor of Maryland at the turn of the 19th century (and future banker and founder/publisher of The Daily Record, a legal/business/finance newspaper (published Monday–Friday) in Baltimore purchased the paper.

In 1920, the paper was owned by Judge James A. Clark Sr., Paul Talbot and Paul G. ("Pete") Stromberg, (1892–1952), took over as editor. Stromberg became a state senator and editor of The Sun, a major daily newspaper in Baltimore which coincidentally, decades later would see The Sunpapers, along with its later syndicate chain owner, the Tribune Company (of the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times), would in turn absorb the Howard County Times in a later merger with its last independent publisher, the Patuxent Publishing Company of Columbia, Maryland. In 1940, Stromberg took control of the Maryland Printing and Publishing Company which gave him sole ownership of the Howard County paper. Stromberg in turn created or purchased over the next few post-war years, 11 new local papers in the suburban (Baltimore County) or outlying Baltimore City communities/neighborhoods ringing around Baltimore, naming his syndicate the Stromberg Newspapers and employed his nephew Charles L Gerwig as editor. Some of these were the Arbutus Times, Catonsville Times, Owings Mills Times, Towson Times, The Jeffersonian, Northeast Record, Northeast Booster, [North] Baltimore Messenger (Baltimore City) and the Laurel Leader (Anne Arundel County/Prince George's County). On November 12, 1958, the name of The Ellicott City Times was changed to The Howard County Times to reflect increased county-wide coverage.

In 1965, The Columbia Times was created as a spin-off newspaper. Stromberg's daughter, Doris Stromberg Thompson, took over as editor from 1966 to 1978.

Acquisition by Patuxent Publishing
The Columbia Flier was established in 1969, two years after Rouse began development of Columbia was formed a coupon flier for the new development of Columbia. As the new town grew, owner Zeke Orlinsky's paper served a larger market than the Times, eventually purchasing the newer paper. The editor, Tom Graham, used the paper to encourage the growth of Columbia, promoting political candidates who supported the project.
In 1978, the Rouse Company architect, Robert Moon, designed a new headquarters for the Patuxent Publishing Company in a modernistic building at 10750 Little Patuxent Parkway leading into central Columbia. Moon's wife worked at the firm as well, becoming editor of the Columbia Flier and then general manager of Patuxent Publishing. The Baltimore Sun media group purchased Patuxent Publishing Company, including the Howard County Times and Columbia Flier, integrating the local papers. The Columbia Flier building was put up for sale, but no tenants were signed on for over three years. In 2014, the former Baltimore Sun editor, and now public relations director for Howard County, David Nitkin, announced that the county executive, Ken Ulman, directed the purchase of the Flier building by the county for $2.8 million. County councilperson Mary Kay Sigaty announced the building where her husband Tom Graham used to work as an editor would be rebuilt as a replacement headquarters for the county's Economic Development Authority and the Maryland Center for Entrepreneurship.

The Howard County Times has since been integrated as a unit of the newly organized local publisher Baltimore Sun Media Group under the former Times Mirror Group of the Los Angeles Times, and later under the purchase of the Tribune Company syndicate of the Chicago Tribune.

Publishers
 Paul G. ("Pete") Stromberg, 1940
 Zeke Orlinsky

See also

 List of newspapers in Maryland

References

External links
Baltimore Sun Media Group: Howard County Times website

Newspapers published in Maryland
Howard County, Maryland
Tribune Publishing
Newspapers established in 1840
1840 establishments in Maryland


title: Anguille Group

text:
The Anguille Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Carboniferous Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Codroy Group

text:
The Codroy Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Carboniferous Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Appointment with Fear (radio)

text:
Appointment with Fear was a horror drama series originally broadcast on BBC Radio in the 1940s and 1950s, and revived  on a number of occasions since. The format comprised a dramatised horror story of approximately half an hour in length, introduced by a character known as the Man in Black. The plays themselves were a mixture of classic horror stories by writers such as Edgar Allan Poe, M. R. James and W. W. Jacobs, and commissioned stories by new or established writers. Many of the stories in the early series were written or adapted by John Dickson Carr.

Appointment with Fear (1943-1955 and 1976)
Appointment with Fear ran for nine series between 1943 and 1955, initially on the BBC Home Service and from September 1945 on the Light Programme. The Man in Black was played by the British character actor Valentine Dyall, except in the second series where he was portrayed by Dyall's father Franklin Dyall. Only four episodes are known to survive. A tenth series was broadcast on the BBC World Service in 1976.

Series 1
'Cabin B13' by John Dickson Carr. 11 September 1943
'The Pit and the Pendulum', adapted by John Dickson Carr from Edgar Allan Poe, 18 September 1943
'Into Thin Air' by John Dickson Carr, 21 September 1943
'The Body Snatchers' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Robert Louis Stevenson, 30 September 1943
'The Customers Like Murder' by John Dickson Carr, 7 October 1943
'Will You Make a Bet With Death?' by John Dickson Carr, 14 October 1943
'The Devil's Saint' by John Dickson Carr, 21 October 1943
'Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble' by John Dickson Carr, 28 October 1943
'The Phantom Archer' by John Dickson Carr, 4 November 1943
'The Man Who Died Twice' by John Dickson Carr, 11 November 1943
'Menace In Wax' by John Dickson Carr, 18 November 1943

Series 2
'Vex Not His Ghost' by John Dickson Carr, 6 January 1944
'The Tell Tale Heart' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Edgar Allan Poe, 13 January 1944
'The Room of the Suicides' by John Dickson Carr, 20 January 1944
'The Sire de Maletroit's Door' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Robert Louis Stevenson, 27 January 1944
'The Dragon in the Pool' by John Dickson Carr, 3 February 1944
'The Man Who Was Afraid of Dentists' by John Dickson Carr, 10 February 1944

Series 3
'The Speaking Clock' by John Dickson Carr, 13 April 1944
'Death Flies Blind' by John Dickson Carr, 20 April 1944
'A Watcher by the Dead' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Ambrose Bierce, 27 April 1944
'The Pit and the Pendulum' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Edgar Allan Poe, 4 May 1944
'Vampire Tower' by John Dickson Carr, 11 May 1944
'The Clock Strikes Eight' by John Dickson Carr, 18 May 1944

Series 4
'I Never Suspected' by John Dickson Carr, 5 October 1944
'The Devil's Manuscript' by John Dickson Carr, 12 October 1944
'Death Has Four Faces' by John Dickson Carr, 19 October 1944
'The Purple Wig' adapted by John Dickson Carr from G K Chesterton, 26 October 1944
'He Who Whispers' by John Dickson Carr, 2 November 1944
'The Great Cipher' adapted by John Dickson Carr, from Melville Davisson Post, 16 November 1944
'Vex Not His Ghost' by John Dickson Carr, 30 November 1944
'The Curse of the Bronze Lamp' by John Dickson Carr, 7 December 1944
'The Gong Cried Murder' by John Dickson Carr, 14 December 1944
'Lair of the Devil Fish' by John Dickson Carr, 21 December 1944
'The Oath of Rolling Thunder' by John Dickson Carr, 28 December 1944

Series 5
'Into Thin Air' by John Dickson Carr, 11 September 1945
'Fire Burn and Cauldron Bubble' by John Dickson Carr, 18 September 1945
'The Man Who Died Twice' by John Dickson Carr, 25 September 1945
'The Clock Strikes Eight' by John Dickson Carr, 2 October 1945
'Cabin B13' by John Dickson Carr, 9 October 1945
'Will You Make a Bet With Death?' by John Dickson Carr, 16 October 1945

Series 6
'He Wasn't Superstitious' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Ambrose Bierce, 23 October 1945
'The Man With Two Heads' by John Dickson Carr, 6 November 1945
'The Case of the Five Canaries' by John Dickson Carr, 13 November 1945
'And The Deep Shuddered' by Monckton Hoffe, 20 November 1945
'The Case' by John Slater and Roy Plomley, 27 November 1945
'Death at Midnight' by Robert Barr, 4 December 1945

Series 7
'The Nutcracker Suite' by E Crowshay-Williams and J Leslie Dodd, 26 March 1946
'Black Mamba' by Hugh Barnes and AR Ramsden, 2 April 1946
'The Cask of Amontillado' adapted by Laidman Browne from Edgar Allan Poe, 9 April 1946
'A Watcher by the Dead' adapted by John Dickson Carr from Ambrose Bierce, 16 April 1946
'The Man Who Knew How' adapted by Ronald Cunliffe from Dorothy L Sayers, 23 April 1946
'Dead Men's Teeth' by Charles Hatton and Richard Fisher, 30 April 1946
'Experiment With Death' by Harry Bunton, 7 May 1946
'Death Takes a Honeymoon' by Mileson Horton and WL Catchpole, 14 May 1946
'Renovations at Merrets' adapted by Rankine Good from Honoré de Balzac, 21 May 1946
'The Monkey's Paw' adapted by Louis N Parker from WW Jacobs, 28 May 1946
'Cottage For Sale' by TJ Waldron, 4 June 1946
'A Mind in Shadow' by Kenneth Morgan, 11 June 1946

Special
'Escape to Death' by Mileson Horton, 25 December 1946

Series 8
'Mrs Amworth' adapted by Charles Hatton from EF Benson, 25 February 1947
'Sink or Swim Together' by ???, 4 March 1947
'The Last Pilgrimage' by TJ Waldron, 11 March 1947
'The Bell Room' adapted by Lester Powell from Edgar Allan Poe, 25 March 1947
'The Diary of William Carpenter' adapted by Patric Dickinson from John Atkins, 1 April 1947
'The Treasures' adapted by Charles Hatton from Gilbert Frankau, 8 April 1947
'The Hands of Nekamen' adapted by Lester Powell from Kathleen Hyett, 22 April 1947
'All Cats May Snarl' by J Vernon Basley, 29 April 1947

Special
'The Clock Strikes Eight' by John Dickson Carr, 14 January 1948

Special
'The Diary of William Carpenter' adapted by Patric Dickinson from John Atkins, 23 January 1948

Series 9
'The Man Who Couldn't Be Photographed' by John Dickson Carr, 23 July 1955
'White Tiger Passage' by John Dickson Carr, 2 August 1955
'The Dead Man's Knock' by John Dickson Carr, 9 August 1955
'The Sleuth of Seven Dials' by John Dickson Carr, 16 August 1955
'The Villa of the Damned' by John Dickson Carr, 23 August 1955
'Till the Great Armadas Come' by John Dickson Carr, 30 August 1955

Series 10
There was no tenth series in 1957, it was merely a repeat broadcast of Series Nine.

Tie-In Publication
Appointment with Fear(Fenmore Publications, 1948. Ed. Ronald Flatteau
Death Takes a Honeymoon by Mileson Horton
Watcher by the Dead by Ambrose Bierce
The Monkey’s Paw by WW Jacobs
The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe
A Mind in Shadow by Kenneth Morgan
Berenice by Edgar Allan Poe

The Man in Black (1949)
The Man in Black was broadcast for one series of eight episodes in 1949, also on the Light Programme, and again presented by Valentine Dyall in the title role. No episodes are known to have survived.
'Markheim' adapted by John Keir Cross from Robert Louis Stevenson, 31 January 1949
'Oh, Whistle and I'll Come to You, My Lad' adapted John Keir Cross from MR James, 7 February 1949
'The Middle Toe of The Right Foot' adapted by John Keir Cross from Ambrose Bierce, 14 February 1949
'Our Feathered Friends' adapted by John Keir Cross from Philip Macdonald and 'Thus I Refute Beelzy' adapted by John Keir Cross from John Collier, 21 February 1949
'The Judge's House' adapted by John Keir Cross from Bram Stoker, 28 February 1949
'The Yellow Wallpaper adapted by John Keir Cross from Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 7 March 1949
'The Beast With Five Fingers adapted by John Keir Cross from W. F. Harvey, 14 March 1949
'The Little House' by John Keir Cross, 21 March 1949

Fear on Four (1988)
Fear on Four ran for five series on BBC Radio 4 between 1988 and 1992, the part of the Man in Black being played by Edward de Souza. A fifth series was broadcast in 1997, this time without a narrator. An anthology of stories from the first two series was published by BBC Books in 1990.

Series One

 The Snowman Killing by J. C. W. Brook, 3 January 1988
 William and Mary by Roald Dahl, dramatised by Jill Brooke, 10 January 1988
 The Monkey's Paw by W. W. Jacobs, adapted by Patrick Galvin, 17 January 1988
 Music Lovers by Nick Warburton, 24 January 1988
 The Beast with Five Fingers by W. F. Harvey, dramatised by John Kier Cross, 31 January 1988
 Every Detail but One by Bert Coules, 7 February 1988
 By the River, Fontainebleau by Stephen Gallagher, 14 February 1988
 The Face by E. F. Benson, dramatised by Michael Bakewell, 21 February 1988
 Mind Well the Tree by William Ingram, 28 February 1988
 Fat Andy by Stephen Dunstone, 6 March 1988
 A Day at the Dentist's by James Saunders, based on an idea by Arch Oboler, 13 March 1988
 The Speciality of the House by Stanley Ellin, dramatised by Colin Haydn Evans, 20 March 1988

Series Two

 Snipe 3909 by Graeme Fife, 15 January 1989
 The Dead Drummer by David Buck, 22 January 1989
 The Dispossessed Daughter by Katherine Nicholas, 29 January 1989
 St Austin Friars by Stephen Wyatt, adapted from a short story by Robert Westall, 5 February 1989
 Dreaming of Thee by Gwen Cherrell, 12 February 1989
 The Horn by Stephen Gallagher, 19 February 1989
 The Journey Home by Bert Coules, 26 February 1989
 Hand in Glove
 His Last Card
 Survival
 Soul Searching
 A Child Crying
 The Judge's House

Series Three

 The Yellow Wallpaper
 Green and Pleasant
 The Monkey's Revenge
 Invitation to the Vaults
 The Edge
 Dead Man's Boots
 A Routine Operation?
 Dance in the Underworld

Series Four

 Gobble, Gobble
 The Next in Line by Ray Bradbury dramatised by Brian Sibley
 Dark Feathers
 Playing God
 Vicious Fish
 Hellhound on My Trail
 Hearing is Believing
 Life Line

Series Five

 The Blood of Eva Bergen
 Net Suicide
 Tissue Memory
 Chimes at Midnight

The Man in Black (2009)
The series was revived again in 2009, on BBC Radio 4 Extra, this time as The Man in Black, with Mark Gatiss in the title role. It ran for four series, each with five episodes, between 2009 and 2011.

Reruns of the 2009 version started to air on BBC Radio 4 Extra on April 24, 2020.

Series One
 The Tower
 Project Purple
 The White Hare
 Hide and Seek
 Bombers' Moon

Series Two
 Phish Phood
 Death Us Do Part
 Flesh
 Angels in Disguise
 The Old Road

Series Three
 Connect
 The Printed Name
 Lights Out
 Uncle William's House
 Perfect Home

Series Four
 Containment
 The Punt
 The Beaten Track
 Reunion
 The New Boy

Film adaptation
In 1950, Hammer and Exclusive Films released a feature film based on the series entitled The Man in Black.
The stars were Betty Ann Davies, Sheila Burrell, and Sid James, with Valentine Dyall reprising his role as the Man in Black.

References

BBC Light Programme programmes
BBC Home Service programmes
BBC Radio 4 programmes
BBC Radio 4 Extra programmes


title: Closed-subgroup theorem

text:
In mathematics, the closed-subgroup theorem (sometimes referred to as Cartan's theorem) is a theorem in the theory of Lie groups. It states that if  is a closed subgroup of a Lie group , then  is an embedded Lie group with the smooth structure (and hence the group topology) agreeing with the embedding.
One of several results known as Cartan's theorem, it was first published in 1930 by Élie Cartan, who was inspired by John von Neumann's 1929 proof of a special case for groups of linear transformations.

Overview
Let  be a Lie group with Lie algebra . Now let  be an arbitrary closed subgroup of . It is necessary to show that  is a smooth embedded submanifold of . The first step is to identify something that could be the Lie algebra of , that is, the tangent space of  at the identity. The challenge is that  is not assumed to have any smoothness and therefore it is not clear how one may define its tangent space. To proceed, define the "Lie algebra"  of  by the formula

It is not difficult to show that  is a Lie subalgebra of . In particular,  is a subspace of , which one might hope to be the tangent space of  at the identity. For this idea to work, however,  must be big enough to capture some interesting information about . If, for example,  were some large subgroup of  but  turned out to be zero,  would not be helpful.

The key step, then, is to show that  actually captures all the elements of  that are sufficiently close to the identity. That is to say, it is necessary to prove the following critical lemma:

Once this has been established, one can use exponential coordinates on , that is, writing each  (not necessarily in ) as  for . In these coordinates, the lemma says that  corresponds to a point in  precisely if  belongs to . That is to say, in exponential coordinates near the identity,  looks like . Since  is just a subspace of , this means that  is just like , with  and . Thus, we have exhibited a "slice coordinate system" in which  looks locally like , which is the condition for an embedded submanifold.

It is worth noting that Rossmann shows that for any subgroup  of  (not necessarily closed), the Lie algebra  of  is a Lie subalgebra of . Rossmann then goes on to introduce coordinates on  that make the identity component of  into a Lie group. It is important to note, however, that the topology on  coming from these coordinates is not the subset topology. That it so say, the identity component of  is an immersed submanifold of  but not an embedded submanifold.

In particular, the lemma stated above does not hold if  is not closed.

Example of a non-closed subgroup

For an example of a subgroup that is not an embedded Lie subgroup, consider the torus and an "irrational winding of the torus".

and its subgroup

with  irrational. Then  is dense in  and hence not closed. In the relative topology, a small open subset of  is composed of infinitely many almost parallel line segments on the surface of the torus. This means that  is not locally path connected. In the group topology, the small open sets are single line segments on the surface of the torus and  is locally path connected.

The example shows that for some groups  one can find points in an arbitrarily small neighborhood  in the relative topology  of the identity that are exponentials of elements of , yet they cannot be connected to the identity with a path staying in . The group  is not a Lie group. While the map  is an analytic bijection, its inverse is not continuous. That is, if  corresponds to a small open interval , there is no open  with  due to the appearance of the sets . However, with the group topology ,  is a Lie group. With this topology the injection  is an analytic injective immersion, but not a homeomorphism, hence not an embedding. There are also examples of groups  for which one can find points in an arbitrarily small neighborhood (in the relative topology) of the identity that are not exponentials of elements of . For closed subgroups this is not the case as the proof below of the theorem shows.

Applications

Because of the conclusion of the theorem, some authors chose to define linear Lie groups or matrix Lie groups as closed subgroups of  or . In this setting, one proves that every element of the group sufficiently close to the identity is the exponential of an element of the Lie algebra. (The proof is practically identical to the proof of the closed subgroup theorem presented below.) It follows every closed subgroup is an embedded submanifold of

The closed subgroup theorem now simplifies the hypotheses considerably, a priori widening the class of homogeneous spaces. Every closed subgroup yields a homogeneous space.

In a similar way, the closed subgroup theorem simplifies the hypothesis in the following theorem.
 If  is a set with transitive group action and the isotropy group or stabilizer of a point  is a closed Lie subgroup, then  has a unique smooth manifold structure such that the action is smooth.

Conditions for being closed
A few sufficient conditions for  being closed, hence an embedded Lie group, are given below.
 All classical groups are closed in , where  is , , or , the quaternions.
 A subgroup that is locally closed is closed. A subgroup is locally closed if every point has a neighborhood in  such that  is closed in .
 If , where  is a compact group and  is a closed set, then  is closed.
 If  is a Lie subalgebra such that for no , then , the group generated by , is closed in .
 If , then the one-parameter subgroup generated by  is not closed if and only if  is similar over  to a diagonal matrix with two entries of irrational ratio.
 Let  be a Lie subalgebra. If there is a simply connected compact group  with  isomorphic to , then  is closed in .
 If G is simply connected and  is an ideal, then the connected Lie subgroup with Lie algebra  is closed.

Converse

An embedded Lie subgroup  is closed so a subgroup is an embedded Lie subgroup if and only if it is closed. Equivalently,  is an embedded Lie subgroup if and only if its group topology equals its relative topology.

Proof

The proof is given for matrix groups with  for concreteness and relative simplicity, since matrices and their exponential mapping are easier concepts than in the general case. Historically, this case was proven first, by John von Neumann in 1929, and inspired Cartan to prove the full closed subgroup theorem in 1930. The proof for general  is formally identical, except that elements of the Lie algebra are left invariant vector fields on  and the exponential mapping is the time one flow of the vector field. If  with  closed in , then  is closed in , so the specialization to  instead of arbitrary  matters little.

Proof of the key lemma
We begin by establishing the key lemma stated in the "overview" section above.

Endow  with an inner product (e.g., the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product), and let  be the Lie algebra of  defined as . Let , the orthogonal complement of . Then  decomposes as the direct sum , so each  is uniquely expressed as  with .

Define a map  by . Expand the exponentials,

and the pushforward or differential at ,  is seen to be , i.e. , the identity. The hypothesis of the inverse function theorem is satisfied with  analytic, and thus there are open sets  with  and  such that  is a real-analytic bijection from  to  with analytic inverse. It remains to show that  and  contain open sets  and  such that the conclusion of the theorem holds.

Consider a countable neighborhood basis  at , linearly ordered by reverse inclusion with . Suppose for the purpose of obtaining a contradiction that for all ,  contains an element  that is not on the form . Then, since  is a bijection on the , there is a unique sequence , with  and  such that  converging to  because  is a neighborhood basis, with . Since  and ,  as well.

Normalize the sequence in , . It takes its values in the unit sphere in  and since it is compact, there is a convergent subsequence converging to . The index  henceforth refers to this subsequence. It will be shown that . Fix  and choose a sequence  of integers such that  as . For example,  such that  will do, as . Then

Since  is a group, the left hand side is in  for all . Since  is closed, , hence . This is a contradiction. Hence, for some  the sets  and  satisfy  and the exponential restricted to the open set  is in analytic bijection with the open set . This proves the lemma.

Proof of the theorem
For , the image in  of  under  form a neighborhood basis at . This is, by the way it is constructed, a neighborhood basis both in the group topology and the relative topology. Since multiplication in  is analytic, the left and right translates of this neighborhood basis by a group element  gives a neighborhood basis at . These bases restricted to  gives neighborhood bases at all . The topology generated by these bases is the relative topology. The conclusion is that the relative topology is the same as the group topology.

Next, construct coordinate charts on . First define . This is an analytic bijection with analytic inverse. Furthermore, if , then . By fixing a basis for  and identifying  with , then in these coordinates , where  is the dimension of . This shows that  is a slice chart. By translating the charts obtained from the countable neighborhood basis used above one obtains slice charts around every point in . This shows that  is an embedded submanifold of .

Moreover, multiplication , and inversion  in  are analytic since these operations are analytic in  and restriction to a submanifold  (embedded or immersed) with the relative topology again yield analytic operations  and . But since  is embedded,  and  are analytic as well.

See also
 Inverse function theorem
 Lie correspondence

Notes

Citations

References

 . See in particular p. 441.

Lie groups
Theorems in group theory


title: Conception Group

text:
The Conception Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period. It mainly contains turbidites, but is interrupted by a glacial diamictite, and tops out with sand and siltstones (these dated to 565 Ma). It corresponds to the lower portion of the Connecting Point Group.

In some areas the Drook Formation continues from the base of the group to the base of the Mistaken Point Formation; elsewhere (in central / south Avalon) the Briscal, Gaskiers and Mall Bay Formations wedge in.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Kentucky–Vanderbilt football rivalry

text:
The Kentucky–Vanderbilt football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Kentucky Wildcats football team of the University of Kentucky and Vanderbilt Commodores football team of Vanderbilt University. The rivalry between these two schools, located about  apart, dates to their first meeting in 1896. They are founding members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and are currently members of the SEC's Eastern Division with a total of 96 meetings. This rivalry is Kentucky's second longest behind Tennessee and Vanderbilt's third behind Ole Miss and Tennessee. Kentucky leads the series 49–43–4.

39 of the 93 games have been decided by 7 points or less. Kentucky has shut out Vanderbilt 6 times, while Vanderbilt has shut out Kentucky 15 times, 10 of which were from 1896 to 1920. The rivalry is one of the most evenly matched in the SEC.

History

First game (1896)
The first game between Vanderbilt and Kentucky (then known as Kentucky State) was played in Nashville on October 10, 1896. Vanderbilt won the first game, 6–0, with Vanderbilt's captain and fullback, Connel, making a touchdown and kicking the goal after touchdown.

Early dominance by Vanderbilt
Vanderbilt dominated the series in the early years of competition. Between 1896 and 1938, the programs played 17 games. Vanderbilt won 16 of those games, the only exception being a scoreless tie in 1919.

In 1916, the dedication for Stoll Field was celebrated during the Kentucky-Vanderbilt game.

In 1921, after being shut out by Vanderbilt in 11 consecutive games, Kentucky scored two touchdowns but lost by a 21–14 score.

Kentucky's first victory (1939)
On October 7, 1939, Kentucky won its first game in the series, defeating Vanderbilt by a 21–13 score before a crowd of 10,000 in Nashville. The Wildcats were led by the passing and running of sophomore Ermal Allen. Kentucky quarterback Joe Shepherd also intercepted a Vanderbilt pass and returned it 70 yards for a touchdown.

Kentucky dominates in the Bryant years
In 1946, Bear Bryant took over as Kentucky's head football coach. In his first season, the Wildcats defeated the Commodores by a 10–7 score.  Bryant led his team to its second consecutive victory in 1947, this time by a 14–0 score. After a four-year hiatus in the rivalry from 1949 to 1952, the rivalry resumed in 1953 with Kentucky winning by a 40–14 score. Bryant left Kentucky after the 1953 season.

Collier years
Blanton Collier took over as Kentucky's head coach in 1954. He remained in that position through the 1961 season and compiled a 4–3–1 record against Vanderbilt.

Bradshaw years
Charlie Bradshaw served as Kentucky's head football coach from 1962 to 1968.  During his tenure, the Wildcats compiled a 5–1–1 against the Commodores.

Notable games

Game results
Series record sources: College Football Data Warehouse.

See also
 List of NCAA college football rivalry games

References

College football rivalries in the United States
Kentucky Wildcats football
Vanderbilt Commodores football


title: St. John's Group

text:
The St John's Group is a fossiliferous shale-dominated Ediacaran geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador, younger than .

It corresponds to the upper portion of the Connecting Point Group

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Goose Tickle Group

text:
The Goose Tickle Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Long Point Group

text:
The Long Point Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ediacaran period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ediacaran Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: St. George Group

text:
The St. George Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Table Head Group

text:
The Table Head Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Cow Head Group

text:
The Cow Head Group is a geologic group in Newfoundland and Labrador. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Ordovician Newfoundland and Labrador
Geologic groups of Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Egmont Bay Formation

text:
The Egmont Bay Formation is a geologic formation in Prince Edward Island. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Prince Edward Island

References

Carboniferous Prince Edward Island
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Miminegash Formation

text:
The Miminegash Formation is a geologic formation in Prince Edward Island. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Prince Edward Island

References

Carboniferous Prince Edward Island
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Vasant Sadashiv Pradhan

text:
Vasant Sadashiv Pradhan (1914–2002) was a Bharatiya Jan Sangh politician from Madhya Pradesh. He was the leader of opposition of Madhya Pradesh from 1967 to 1972. He also served as finance minister of the state.

References

1914 births
2002 deaths
Leaders of the Opposition in Madhya Pradesh
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
State cabinet ministers of Madhya Pradesh
People from Dhar district
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh


title: Orby Head Formation

text:
The Orby Head Formation is a geologic formation in Prince Edward Island. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

Fossil content
 Dimetrodon borealis

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Prince Edward Island

References

Geologic formations of Canada
Permian Prince Edward Island
Artinskian Stage
Permian northern paleotropical deposits
Paleontology in Prince Edward Island


title: Hillsborough River Formation

text:
The Hillsborough River Formation is a geologic formation in Prince Edward Island. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Prince Edward Island

References

Permian Prince Edward Island


title: Kildare Capes Formation

text:
The Kildare Capes Formation is a geologic formation in Prince Edward Island. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Prince Edward Island

References

Permian Prince Edward Island


title: 2014 Paktika car bombing

text:
On July 15, 2014, in Urgun, Afghanistan, a car bomb suicide attack took place in a crowded bazaar killing 89 people and injuring another 42. It was the bloodiest attack on civilians in Afghanistan since the 2008 Kandahar bombing.

The Attack
At 10am police saw a suicide bomber driving a SUV into the center of Urgun, driving down the main road, the suicide bomber detonated his payload at 10:30am killing himself in the process. When he blew up the shockwave instantly destroyed 30 mainly mud and straw shops, dozens of vehicles, killing 89 people and wounding 42 more. The wounded and dead overwelled the nearby clinic and the military had to bring in helicopters and ambulances to transport casualties from the bomb site to Sharana, the Provincial capital. The Haqqani network was responsible for the attack having had planned it in the North Waziristan District of Pakistan.

See also
Taliban insurgency
2014 Yahya Khel suicide bombing (also in Paktika)

References

2014 murders in Afghanistan
Attacks in Afghanistan in 2014
Mass murder in 2014
Terrorist incidents in Afghanistan in 2014
Suicide car and truck bombings in Afghanistan
Massacres in Afghanistan
July 2014 events in Afghanistan
History of Paktika Province


title: Elante Mall

text:
Elante mall (Nexus Malls) is a shopping mall in the city of Chandigarh in India. With the gross leasable area of , it is the 7th largest shopping mall in Northern India and the 10th  largest in India.  Elante is spread over an area of 20 acres. It is part of a mixed use real estate development project by Larsen & Toubro called Elante.

Elante Mall Chandigarh: Entertainment Overloaded At City’s Biggest Mall

Features.

Elante Mall has a retail space area of over 1 million square feet. It has 2 main gates, one is on the big front entry and another one is on the back. It has 3 basement levels, a ground level and three upper levels. In the retail area, Elante Mall hosts retailers of various Indian and international brands, a food court and a courtyard full of cafes. The Mall has an 8-screen Multiplex of PVR Cinemas. On its top floor, the mall has restaurants, fast food joints and a Fun City for kids entertainment.
In 2013, the mall was found to be burning 6000 litres of diesel daily due to a lack of electricity connection to the grid. The mall requires a 15MW power supply.

Acquisition deals
In September 2015, Mumbai-based Carnival Group bought Elante Mall, at a price of Rs 1,785 crore (more than US$ 274 million) making it one of the biggest deal for a single real estate or property in India at the time.

On 28 July 2017, Nexus Malls, a subsidiary of US-based global investment firm The Blackstone Group bought Elante Mall for an undisclosed amount. This is the second time Elante Mall is sold in two years.

See also
 Larsen & Toubro
 L&T Realty

References

Shopping malls in Chandigarh
2013 establishments in Chandigarh
Shopping malls established in 2013


title: At Tiri incident

text:
In April 1980, three Irish Army peacekeeping soldiers serving with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) were shot by the South Lebanon Army also known as the DFF, near At Tiri, in the South Lebanon security belt, two of whom died and one was seriously injured.

Background
On 6 April 1980, clashes between UNIFIL peacekeepers and the South Lebanon Army (an Israeli-backed Lebanese militia) at At Tiri began, when the SLA attacked Irish troops based in the village. The Irish soldiers held their ground and called in Dutch and Fijian peacekeepers as reinforcements. The battle ended on 12 April when the Dutch contingent employed TOW missiles against the SLA. During the battle, two UNIFIL peacekeepers were killed: Stephen Griffin, a 21-year-old Private from the 46th Irish Battalion (and a native of Rahoon in County Galway), and Sevati Sovonaivalu of the Fijian Army. One SLA soldier, 19-year old Massoud Bazzi, was also killed.

Following the battle, Major Saad Haddad of the SLA gave an ultimatum to UNIFIL to either compensate the family of Massoud Bazzi or to produce the bodies of the two deceased UN soldiers.

Deaths of Privates Barrett and Smallhorne
On 18 April, a UNIFIL party set out to a UN post near the Israeli border to provide supplies. The party consisted of three Irish soldiers (Private John O'Mahony (from Killarney), Private Thomas Barrett (from Cork), and Private Derek Smallhorne (from Dublin)), an American officer named Harry Klein, a French officer named Patrick Vincent, and two journalists. They were intercepted by the SLA and taken prisoners.

The US officer, Harry Klein, later noted that the operation was not properly planned and should have been coordinated with militia leaders and the Israelis. He added that helicopters could have been used instead to resupply the post. The convoy also went ahead without an escort, and everyone except for two of the Irish soldiers was unarmed. Klein ordered it to continue even after warning signs became apparent along the route when it passed through a normally busy militia checkpoint. Ultimately, it was intercepted by the militia, who brought the convoy's occupants to a derelict schoolhouse before removing the Irish peace-keepers.

The party was taken to a school building and held in a bathroom, where they were interrogated. The SLA men asked all of the captives their nationalities, and singled out the three Irishmen. One of the SLA men [Mahmoud] began talking about his late brother [Massoud]. According to O'Mahony the man talking about his brother, who he would later identify as Mahmoud Bazzi, and another man escorted them down a flight of stairs, where Bazzi shot him and left him there. Although badly wounded, O'Mahony survived. Barrett and Smallhorne escaped the building when the shooting began, but were recaptured by SLA men outside. The remaining members of the party left the building, with Klein carrying the wounded O'Mahony to a vehicle. One of the journalists claimed he saw Barrett and Smallhorne in the back of a car that was speeding away.

Barrett and Smallhorne were later found dead nearby. They had been shot dead and their bodies showed signs of torture.

Trial
Mahmoud Bazzi, the brother of Massoud Bazzi, who had been killed in Battle of At Tiri, who was also member of the SLA, was the primary suspect in the murders. Shortly after the incident, he openly admitted to killing Barrett and Smallhorne on Lebanese television and claimed he did so to avenge his brother, but later retracted his statements, claiming his commander had forced him. In 1994, he was granted asylum in the United States, and worked as an ice cream vendor in Dearborn, Michigan.

U.S. authorities interviewed one of the journalists involved and O'Mahony, and expressed their willingness to testify against Bazzi, but claimed that they did not hear anything more from the authorities for years. Bazzi was also interviewed by officials. In 2013, he applied for U.S. citizenship, but the application stalled when the investigation picked up.

In July 2014, Bazzi was arrested for "administrative immigration violations" by US federal agents at his Dearborn home. He was alleged to have entered the United States on a false passport. Friends and relatives of Privates Barrett and Smallhorne had been seeking his deportation to Lebanon to face war crimes charges. In August 2014, Bazzi confessed to immigration fraud and agreed to be deported to Lebanon.

In late 2015, Mahmoud Bazzi was arrested and put on trial before a Beirut military court with a seven-judge panel. John O'Mahony gave evidence during the trial, and positively identified Bazzi as the man who shot him and led Barrett and Smallhorne away. He was protected at all times by a Close Protection Team from the Irish Army Ranger Wing. The trial was adjourned until April 2016, and on 8 September 2016 was further adjourned.

In 2018 it was reported that Bazzi had been found guilty in a Lebanese military court of "collaboration with Israel" and sentenced to 5 years "hard labour". A hearing on the murder charges was due to occur in late June 2018.

On 21 December 2020, a Lebanese military court said it had found ex-militia member Mahmoud Bazzi guilty of the murders of Private Thomas Barrett and Private Derek Smallhorne on 18 April 1980. The court sentenced Bazzi to life in prison, but immediately reduced this sentence to 15 years on the basis of his age (he was 76 at time of conviction).

References

Israeli–Lebanese conflict
Conflicts in 1980
Irish Army
Battles of the Lebanese Civil War
Battles involving Ireland
Combat incidents
1980 in Lebanon


title: Hanford Brook Formation

text:
The Hanford Brook Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Brunswick

References

Cambrian New Brunswick
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Forest Hills Formation

text:
The Forest Hills Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Brunswick

References

Cambrian New Brunswick
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Wades Lane Formation

text:
The Wades Lane Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Brunswick

References

Cambrian New Brunswick
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits


title: Canso Formation

text:
The Canso Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Brunswick

References

Carboniferous New Brunswick
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Albert Formation

text:
The Albert Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Mississippian (Tournaisian) age in the Moncton Subbasin of southeastern New Brunswick. It was deposited in a lacustrine environment and includes fossils of fish and land plants, as well as trace fossils. It also includes significant deposits of oil shale. The oil shale beds are the source rocks for the petroleum and natural gas that has been produced from Albert Formation reservoirs at the Stoney Creek and McCully fields. In addition, the solid asphalt-like hydrocarbon albertite was mined from the Albert Formation at Albert Mines between 1854 and 1884.

Lithology and mineralogy
The Albert Formation includes sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and oil shale, with minor limestone and conglomerate. The oil shale beds are primarily kerogen-rich calcareous to dolomitic marlstones, clay marlstones, and laminated marlstones. The formation also includes local deposits of the evaporite minerals halite (rock salt), gypsum, anhydrite, and glauberite. The solid hydrocarbon albertite occurs as veins filling fissures in some of the beds, and is derived from the hydrocarbons in the oil shales.

Environment of deposition
The Albert Formation has been interpreted as a composite alluvial fan, fluvial-deltaic, and lacustrine sequence. The coarser-grained lithologies are nearshore deposits, while the finer-grained rocks, including the oil shale beds, are an offshore, deeper-water assemblage. Fossils of whole fish preserved in the laminated oil shales indicate very low energy, anoxic conditions.

Paleontology
The Albert Formation is known for its complete, articulated specimens of lower actinopterygian (palaeoniscoid) fishes, including the genera Rhadinichthys, Elonichthys, and Canobius. There are remains of land plants such as Lepidodendrales and Sphenopteris, as well as palynomorphs. Trace fossils include Paleodictyon, Helminthopsis, and Planolites.

Economic resources

Oil and gas
The Albert Formation hosts the only two commercial onshore oil and gas fields in Canada's Maritime Provinces. The Stoney Creek field produced from sandstone reservoirs in the Albert Formation between 1909 and 1991, and estimates suggest that significant oil remains in place there. The McCully field, which was discovered in 2000, produces from tight gas sandstones in the upper part of the Albert Formation, above the main organic mudstone (oil shale) source rocks.

Albertite
Veins of the solid black hydrocarbon that was subsequently named albertite were first noted in the Albert Formation in 1820. In 1846, Abraham Gesner used albertite in developing the first method  for distilling kerosene, and between 1854 and 1884 albertite was mined by underground methods at Albert Mines for use in the production of kerosene and illuminating gas.

References

Geologic formations of New Brunswick
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Carboniferous New Brunswick
Oil shale in Canada
Oil shale formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits