title: Rich Bernward Gospels

text:
The Rich Bernward Gospels (German: Kostbares Bernwardevangeliar) are a richly decorated evangeliary in the Hildesheim Cathedral Museum. It was a donation of Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim, to his foundation St. Michael's, specifically for the altar to Mary in the crypt below the west choir, which was consecrated in 1015 and which he had designated as his tomb.

Contents and decoration
The gospels consist of 232 parchment leaves of 28 x 20 cm and a cover made from two oak blocks, which is decorated with images, silver mountings and gems. It contains the Vulgate text of the four gospels with various prefaces and a pericope.

The gospels particularly deserve the sobriquet "Rich" (kostbar) on account of their binding, which was already intricate when Bernward had it produced and received further decoration at the time of his canonisation in the twelfth century. In the centre of the front cover there is a Byzantine ivory icon with a relief depicting Christ between Mary and John the Baptist, who are interceding on behalf of the souls of the world (see deesis). The humble prayers around this image mention Bernward by name, as do those on the back cover, which depicts Mary holding the baby Jesus.

Among the illumination inside the book, the two-page dedication image stands out. Within an architectural space with many arches there is an altar decked out for the eucharist at left. Bernward stands next to it in his liturgical vestments, offering the gospels to the Mother of God. She sits at the right hand side, facing the viewer, and is being crowned as Nikopoia by angels, while she holds her son, depicted as a small adult, in her lap. The caption describes the actions with pious and humble words and mentions Bernward by name.

Each gospel contains three or four illuminated images. The last of these in each gospel shows the symbol of the evangelist, while the others dwell on the themes of the salvation history which were assigned to the evangelists by church scholars (Gregory the Great, Alcuin etc.): the incarnation (Matthew), resurrection (Mark), death as redeeming sacrifice (Luke) and ascension (John). In addition, the initials are richly decorated.

Bibliography
 Michael Brandt / Ulrich Kuder. "Sog. Kostbares Evangeliar," in Bernward von Hildesheim und das Zeitalter der Ottonen, Vol. 2, Hildesheim 1993, pp. 570–578
 Bernhard Bruns. "Das Epiphaniebild im Kostbaren Evangeliar des hl. Bernward," Die Diözese Hildesheim in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart 61 (1993) 11–19.
 Bernhard Bruns. "Das Widmungsbild im Kostbaren Evangeliar des hl. Bernward," Die Diözese Hildesheim in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart 65 (1997) 29–55.

References

Hildesheim Cathedral Museum
Ottonian illuminated manuscripts
Gospel Books


title: Malaya at the 1962 Asian Games

text:
Federation of Malaya competed in the 1962 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 24 August 1962 to 4 September 1962. This country is ranked number 8 with 2 gold medals, 4 silver medals and 9 bronze medals.

Medal summary

Medals by sport

Medallists

Athletics

Men
Track events

Combined events – Decathlon

Women
Field event

Badminton

Basketball

Men's tournament
Group C

Seventh to ninth place classification

Ranked 9th in final standings

Cycling

Road

Field hockey

Men's tournament
Team roster

Mike Shepherdson
Kandiah Anandarajah
Ho Koh Chye
Manikam Shanmuganathan
Michael Arulraj
Doraisamy Munusamy
Lawrence van Huizen
Chua Eng Wah
Chelliah Paramalingam
Mani Sockalingam
Rajaratnam Yogeswaran
Arumugam Sabapathy
Aboo Samah
Mohd Hariff Taib
Ismail Ali
Robin Jayesuria

Group A

Semifinal

Bronze medal match

Ranked 3rd in final standings

Football

Men's tournament
Squad

Sexton Lourdes
Tunku Ismail
Yee Seng Choy
Ahmad Nazari
Foo Fook Choon
Abdullah Nordin
Kamaruddin Ahmad
Edwin Dutton
Boey Chong Liam
Roslan Buang
I. J. Singh
Stanley Gabrielle
Abdul Ghani Minhat
Robert Choe
Mahat Ambu
Arthur Koh
M. Govindarajoo
Richard Choe
Ibrahim Mydin

Group A

 Malaya won a draw for second place against Indonesia on 30 August, necessary as they were both equal on points and goal average.

Semifinal

Bronze medal match

Ranked 3rd in final standings

Volleyball

Men's tournament (nine-a-side)
Final round

Ranked 6th in final standings

References

Nations at the 1962 Asian Games
1962
Asian Games


title: 2014 European Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres

text:
The women's 800 metres at the 2014 European Athletics Championships took place at the Letzigrund on 13, 14, and 16 August.

Medalists

Records

Schedule

Results

Round 1

First 3 in each heat (Q) and 4 best performers (q) advance to the Semifinals.

Semifinal

First 3 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advance to the Final.

Final

References

Round 1 Results
Semifinal Results
Final Results

800 W
800 metres at the European Athletics Championships
2014 in women's athletics


title: Wander Luiz (footballer, born 1987)

text:
Wander Luiz Bitencourt Junior or simply Wander Luiz (born May 30, 1987 in Lamim), is a Brazilian professional footballer. Luiz plays mainly as an attacking midfielder and also can be deployed as a forward.

Club career

Vila Nova, Buriram, Ratchaburi, Suphanburi (loan)
Luiz debuted in 2005 with Vila Nova, where he remained there for 5 years before he moved to Thai Division 1 side Buriram (now known as Songkhla United and played for 2 seasons.

In 2012, Luiz later moved to Ratchaburi where he won the title of Thai Division 1 and got the team promoted to Thai Premier League the top tier of Thailand Football League. Luiz was loaned to Suphanburi for the 2012 season.

América, Atletico Huila, Al-Fujairah
He was later confirmed to become part of Colombian club América for 2013 season. At the end of Categoría Primera B first half, Wander helped the team to qualify to the semifinal where he played 21 games and scored 8 goals and being the first Brazilian player to quality to the second phase of the tournament and ended the season with 10 goals after 40 games. He later moved to the Categoría Primera A side (the top tier of Colombian Football League), Atletico Huila in 2014 but did not completed the season as he later moved to UAE Arabian Gulf League side, Al-Fujairah.

Ulsan Hyundai, XV de Piracicaba, Ratchaburi, Tombense
In July 2014, Luiz left Al-Fujairah and signed a contract with K League Classic club Ulsan Hyundai. In 2015, Luiz joined XV de Piracicaba before moved to his former club Ratchaburi which playing in the top-tier of Thai Football League, Thailand Premier League. In March 2016, he joined Tombense.

Kelantan
On 18 June 2016, Luiz signed a contract with Malaysia Super League side Kelantan. On 12 July 2016, Luiz made his debut for Kelantan during Malaysia Cup group stage in a 1–0 win over Pahang at their home Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium. His league debut came on 15 July 2016 which resulted in massive 6–1 win over Terengganu at away team ground with him putting on an excellent performance by scoring 1 goal which is the second goal of the match and provided an assist for Baže Ilijoski for the sixth goal.

Al-Raed
After his contract with Kelantan expired, Luiz signed a contract with Saudi club Al-Raed. On 1 February 2017, Luiz made Saudi Professional League in a 1–3 defeat to Al-Fateh coming off from the bench at second half of the match. His first league goal came in 1–1 draw over Al-Faisaly on 17 February 2017.

Perak
On 10 January 2018, it was announced that Luiz signed a contract with Malaysia Super League club Perak. Luiz were given jersey number 10.

Career statistics

Club

1 Includes Copa Colombia, Malaysia FA Cup and King Cup matches.
2 Includes Malaysia Cup and Crown Prince Cup matches.

Honours

Club
Perak TBG F.C.
 Malaysia Cup Winner (1): 2018

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Wander Luiz
Categoría Primera A players
Categoría Primera B players
K League 1 players
Vila Nova Futebol Clube players
Wander Luiz
Wander Luiz
Wander Luiz
América de Cali footballers
Atlético Huila footballers
Ulsan Hyundai FC players
Perak F.C. players
Kelantan F.C. players
Fujairah FC players
Al Raed FC players
Mesaimeer SC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in Malaysia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia
Expatriate men's footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Men's association football midfielders
UAE First Division League players
Saudi Pro League players
Qatari Second Division players


title: Marius Plamondon

text:
Marius Plamondon (1914–1976) was a Canadian sculptor and stained glass artist who made a significant contribution to the revival of the art of stained glass in Quebec during his lifetime. His most famous work is the set of ten stained glass windows he made for Saint Joseph's Oratory, Montreal.

Early years

Marius Plamondon was born in 1914 in Quebec City, Quebec.
He studied at the Quebec City École des beaux-arts.
He spent time in Italy where he studied sculpture.
In October 1938 he went to work with the sculptor Henri Charlier in France.
He was also interested in the work of the sculptor Jean Lambert-Rucki and his use of the expressive distortions of African art.

Career
Plamondon was part of the remarkable revival of the arts in Quebec in 1940–42, with Louis Guay and the painter Jean Paul Lemieux.
He insisted that stained glass artists had to evolve new ways of expression to complement the new, simplified architecture of the time.
Plamondon became professor and director of the Quebec School of Fine Arts.
Plamondon made twenty windows for the chapel of the novitiate of the Clerics of Saint Viator, Joliette, described in a 1947 study by Maximilien Boucher.
The novitiate had been built in 1939 following a design by architect René Charbonneau. Plamondon's magnificent windows help create an atmosphere of mystery and contemplation in the chapel, which has been called a modern version of the German church in Frielingsdorff.
Plamondon also created statues for the chapel.

In 1951–52 Plamondon sculpted three niches to hold Marial images in the facade of the chapel of Notre-Dame de Lourdes at Lac Bouchette.
In 1954 Plamondon's stained glass windows were installed in the 1920s Église du Très-Saint-Sacrement in Quebec, adding color to a rather austere neo-Romanesque nave.
He received a research grant from the Royal Society of Canada that let him visit Europe in 1955–56 to document ancient and modern stained glass.
Plamondon was among the artists selected to decorate the interior of the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, owned by the Canadian National Railway, which opened in 1958.
He contributed a stained glass mural. Others were Jean Dallaire (wall hanging), Claude Vermette (ceramic tiles), Julien Hébert (bronze elevator doors) and Albert Edward Cloutier (carved wooden panels).

In April 1957 Plamondon was invited to make the windows for the basilica of Saint Joseph's Oratory, Montreal.
Between 1958 and 1978 Plamondon created ten windows in the aisles of the Oratory.
These illustrate extraordinary actions of Saint Joseph, the patron saint of Quebec, in the life of the people of Canada. He also made fourteen stained glass windows for the clerestory representing the virtues and qualities of St. Joseph, as well as two semicircles and a rosette.
The windows are educational and also contribute to the calm atmosphere of the basilica.
The altar and crucifix in the basilica were made by Plamondon's former teacher, Henri Charlier.

Plamondon married Muriel Hall on 17 August 1944.
She was a popular soprano who performed on radio and in concerts between 1930 and 1950.
His wife continued to perform under her maiden name for some years.
He died in 1976.
A street in the Des Châtels quarter of Quebec City was named after him in 1985.

Work

Sites in Quebec that have stained glass windows made by Plamondon include:
Basilica of Saint Joseph's Oratory, Montreal
Novitiate of the Clerics of Saint Viator, Joliette
Church of St. Charles Garnier College, Quebec
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal
Church of Très-Saint-Sacrement, Quebec
Jesuit Chapel, Quebec

The ten windows in Saint Joseph's Oratory represent:
 Delivery of Fort Sainte-Marie (1630)
 Miracle of "St. Joseph" (1639)
 Victory of Frontenac over Phipps (1690)
 Congregation of men of Ville-Marie (1694)
 Vision of Marie-Catherine of Saint-Augustin (1657)
 Vision of Marie de l'Incarnation (1633–1634)
 Pilgrimage to St-Joseph-de-la-Pointe-Lévy (1697)
 Sinking of Walker (1711)
 Flight of the Bostonians (1776)
 Typhus in Bytown, Ottawa (1847)

References

Sources

1914 births
1976 deaths
Artists from Quebec City
Canadian male sculptors
Canadian stained glass artists and manufacturers
Sculptors from Quebec
20th-century Canadian sculptors
20th-century Canadian male artists


title: Charlie Flynn

text:
Charles "Mailman" Flynn (born 6 November 1993, Lanark) is a professional boxer and Commonwealth gold medalist from Scotland.

Amateur career
Flynn competed in the men's lightweight division at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where he won the gold medal.

Flynn was also a lightweight boxing competitor in the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games where he won the silver medal. He was the winner of the Editor's Award at the Sunday Mail Scottish Sports Awards 2014.

In the weeks following his Commonwealth Games success he gave an inspirational speech to the Scotland Rowing Team before the 2014 Commonwealth Rowing Championships.

Professional career

Flynn made his professional debut against Ibrar Riyaz on 14 December 2014 at a packed Thistle Hotel in Glasgow. Flynn claimed a 40-36 points win against the Englishman. The victory came four-and-a-half months after Flynn enjoyed success at Glasgow 2014.

Professional record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|10 Wins (1 knockout, 9 decisions), 0 Losses, 2 Draws
|-style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round, Time
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
|style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|- align=center
|Draw
|10-0-2
|align=left| Ryan Collins
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|10-0-1
|align=left| Fonz Alexander
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|9-0-1
|align=left| Liam Richards
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Draw
|8-0-1
|align=left| Ryan Collins
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|8–0
|align=left| Abdon Cesar
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|7–0
|align=left| Jordan Ellison
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|6–0
|align=left| Lee Connelly
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|5–0
|align=left| Sylwester Walczak
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|4–0
|align=left| Dan Carr
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|3–0
|align=left| Qasim Hussain
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|2–0
|align=left| Andy Harris
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|
|- align=center
|Win
|1–0
|align=left| Ibrar Riyaz
|
|
|
|align=left|
|align=left|

Personal life
Flynn is a native of Newarthill, Lanarkshire.

During the Commonwealth Games, Flynn was quoted post fight as saying "the Mailman delivers", referencing the fact that he worked in the sorting office of the Royal Mail and has used the nickname "The Mailman" since, having it displayed on his fight shorts.

In January 2018, Flynn announced his engagement to his partner Amber Farquhar.

References

1993 births
People from Newarthill
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish male boxers
Lightweight boxers
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Scotland
Boxers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Living people
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: 2014–15 DFB-Pokal Frauen

text:
The DFB-Pokal 2014–15 was the 35th season of the cup competition, Germany's second-most important title in women's football.

Wolfsburg won their second title after beating Frankfurt 3–0 in the final.

Results

First Round
The draw for the first round was held on 24 July 2014, it was divided into a Northern and Southern draw. The top eight teams from the last Bundesliga season received a bye to the second round. The other four Bundesliga teams all advanced.

Second Round
The draw for the second round will be held on 30 August 2014. The eight best placed Bundesliga teams from last season entered this round. The round was drawn in a Northern and Southern group.

Freiburg versus Hoffenheim is the only Bundesliga pairing. The matches will be played on 27th or 28 September.

North

|}
South

|}

Round of 16
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 20 October 2014.

|}

Quarterfinals
Draw was held on 8 November 2014. Gütersloh and Köln are the remaining 2. Bundesliga clubs, the other six play in the top tier. Silke Rottenberg, the former German football goalkeeper, will perform the draw.

|}

Semifinals

|}

Final

Top scorers
Final statistics.

References

Women
Pok
2014-15


title: West Indian cricket team in India in 1958–59

text:
The West Indies cricket team toured India from November 1958 to February 1959 and played a five-match Test series against the India national cricket team. The West Indies won the series 3–0. The West Indies were captained by Gerry Alexander while India used four different captains in the series, Ghulam Ahmed leading in two Tests.

Touring party
The West Indies Cricket Board announced a 16-man squad for the India tour on 1 April 1958 led by Frank Worrell. However, Worrell withdrew from the tour in May. John Holt and Wes Hall were added to the squad in August.

The squad included:
 Gerry Alexander (c)
 Eric Atkinson
 Basil Butcher
 Robin Bynoe
 Lance Gibbs
 Roy Gilchrist
 Wes Hall
 Jackie Hendriks (wk)
 John Holt
 Conrad Hunte
 Rohan Kanhai
 Sonny Ramadhin
 Willie Rodriguez
 Collie Smith
 Garfield Sobers
 Joe Solomon
 Jaswick Taylor

Test series summary

First Test

Second Test

Third Test

Fourth Test

Fifth Test

References

External links
 Tour home at ESPNcricinfo
 Tour home at ESPNcricinfo archive

1958 in Indian cricket
1958 in West Indian cricket
1959 in Indian cricket
1959 in West Indian cricket
Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70
International cricket competitions from 1945–46 to 1960
1958


title: Assipattle and the Stoor Worm

text:
Assipattle and the Stoor Worm is an Orcadian folktale relating the battle between the eponymous hero and a gigantic sea serpent known as the stoor worm. The tale was preserved by 19th-century antiquarian Walter Traill Dennison, and retold by another Orcadian folklorist, Ernest Marwick, in a 20th-century version that integrates Dennison's texts with tidbits from other oral storytellers.

Synopsis
The seventh son of a goodman, Assipattle and his family live on their father's farm, which is nestled in a valley under the hillsides of Leegarth. A lazy daydreamer, Assipattle is scorned by his older brothers and his parents but his sister, who he is greatly attached to, is more tolerant of his idle musing and slothful ways. Often neglected and usually dressed in the tattered hand-me down clothes from his brothers, his days are spent carrying out menial tasks but he would rather avoid work as much as possible. Frequently teased by his brothers, he habitually sprawls among the ashes at the fireside in the evenings, narrating tales featuring himself as a hero victorious in all battles.

Assipattle's loneliness increases when his sister leaves home to serve as a maid for Princess Gem-de-lovely, the only daughter of the king, and his sole heir. Within a short time, the country is in turmoil as the evil stoor worm has arrived in the kingdom. A gigantic vile sea serpent, it is capable of destroying entire villages; the king is advised by a sorcerer that the only way to appease the monster is by feeding it seven virgins each Saturday. The citizens are outraged as their daughters are eaten by the stoor worm and insist the king finds an alternative solution. After seeking further advice, the king is told the only way to make the monster leave is to sacrifice the Princess; he is allowed time to find someone to slay the monster before she is sacrificed. However, one of his nobles demands that if the Princess is sacrificed and the sea monster still does not leave, then the sorcerer shall be its next victim, and the king's court agree with him.

In a desperate attempt to save Princess Gem-de-lovely, who was loved by everyone except her evil step-mother, the king despatches messengers to let everyone know he will give his kingdom, the magical sword Sickersnapper that he had inherited from Odin and the princess's hand in marriage to anyone who can defeat the stoor worm. A messenger arrives at Leegarth, conveys the news to the family and Assipattle declares he will trounce the beast, drawing mocking responses from his father and brothers.

Prospective heroes arrived but all shied away from the challenge when they saw the monster. The king is despondent on the night before the princess is due to be offered to the stoor worm and instructs his servant to ready a boat as he intends to fight the monster himself using the magic sword. Meanwhile, at Leegarth, the family were making plans to watch the demise of the princess; Assipattle was to remain at home but his parents were going to ride on his father's horse, Teetong, which had the reputation of being the speediest horse in the kingdom, to attend the spectacle.

Assipattle overheard his parents discussing the instructions necessary for Teetgong to attain his full speed and once his parents were asleep, he crept to Teetgong's stable, mounted the horse and headed to the shore, arriving just as the sun began to rise. After stealing some hot peat from an elderly woman's cottage, he tricks the man guarding the king's boat into coming ashore and takes the boat. The stoor worm is just beginning to awaken and as it opens its mouth to yawn, the boat is carried down to the depths of the creature's stomach until it finally comes to rest. Assipattle plunges the still burning peat into the stoor worm's liver, starting a furnace-like blaze. The pain of its burning liver causes the creature to have a fit of retching that carries Assipattle, who has managed to return to his boat, back out of the monster's mouth.

A crowd had gathered on the beach, and Assipattle lands safely among them. The ferocity of the fire burning in the creature's liver increases, causing smoke clouds to be expelled from its mouth and nostrils, turning the skies black. The islanders, believing that the world is about to end, clamber up a hillside to watch the final death throes of the creature at a safe distance from the resulting tidal waves and earthquakes. As it dies, the creature's teeth fall out to become the islands of Orkney, Shetland and the Faroes. The Baltic Sea is created where its tongue falls out, and when the creature finally curls up into a tight knot and dies, its body becomes Iceland.

The king is rapturous the princess has been saved and gives Assipattle the magic sword before the conquering hero and the princess head back to the palace on Teetgong. Assipattle's sister runs out of the palace to greet them and whispers that the queen and the sorcerer were having an affair but had already left. Assipattle chased after the pair on Teetgong, killing the wise man with Sickersnapper and the queen was incarcerated in a tower for the rest of her life. True to his word, the king allowed Assipattle to have the kingdom and marry the princess. The festivities lasted for nine weeks and the couple lived happily ever after. The tale finishes with the sentence: "And, if not dead, they are yet alive."

Etymology
According to folklorists Jennifer Westwood and Sophia Kingshill, the name Assipattle translates as Ash-paddle, very similar to Askeladd (Ash-Lad), a character in Norwegian folk stories. The Sanday folklorist Walter Traill Dennison, who transcribed the tales, defines Ass as the local dialect for ashes and to pattle as similar to the up and down flailing movements a fish makes with its tail while attempting to escape if floundering at the water's edge. Tom Muir, an Orkney folklorist and author, translates Assipattle as "a person who rakes through the ashes". Other spelling variants, Ashiepattle, Aessi-pattle or Assie pattle, share a common definition of a Cinderella type figure, an unkempt, idle and uncared for child who spends a large amount of time huddled at the fireside and may be evolved from Old Norse.

The name given to the magic sword, Sickersnapper, is defined by Traill Dennison as likely to mean severe biter; he adds further explanation that sicker equates to severe in an Orcadian dialect as opposed to meaning secure, the usage in the Scots language.

Genre
According to folklore researcher Jacqueline Simpson the story of "Assipattle and the Stoor Worm" is classified as a dragon-slayer tale. She describes it as "almost pure märchen in style and content, apart from the local aetiologies"; folklorist E. S. Hartland stated it was "a purely Norse tale", demonstrating the triumph of bravery over adversity. Briggs also classifies it as a dragon tale describing the difference in size compared to the much smaller St George's dragon. Assipattle is the male counterpart of the Cinderella (Cinder-girl) stories, but is older and may be indicative of eras when inheritance was via daughters as opposed to sons. Hartland and an anonymous reviewer in the Saturday Review placed it as an Hesione tale.

Textual sources
Traill Dennison recalled that when he was a child simple Orkney storytellers recited many variations of the tale. Two of his renditions were published: a shorter treatment in standard English serialised in The Scottish Antiquary magazine in 1891, and the full tale, sprinkled with many local terms annotated by Dennison, was reprinted complete with his notes in Douglas's Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales published in about 1893, and taken from a Traill Dennison manuscript.

Marwick's 20th-century version is a composite, in his own words the "retelling of one of Orkney's best folk-tales", based primarily on the two texts recorded by Traill Dennison, and drawing from "the memories of the late J. Fotheringhame and other Sanday informants." Sir George Dasent also gave a version of the story but Assipattle was named Boots, which caused exasperation among Orcadians when they learnt of it. The Heralds anonymous reviewer describes the story as "Perhaps the most valuable contribution" in the book adding it is "delightful" and a "remarkably fine tale". Writing in the journal Folklore Hartland felt it was the "most important" of the tales taken from unpublished manuscripts.

ReferencesNotesCitationsBibliography'

Orcadian culture
Scottish folklore
Dragonslayers


title: Sir Graham Moore Island (Western Australia)

text:
Niiwalarra, formerly known as Sir Graham Moore Island, is located off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia.

The island encompasses an area of . It is situated within the Sir Graham Moore Islands group, about  north of Kalumburu.

The Juarinanda  people were recorded as early inhabitants of the island, but they were decimated by disease in the 19th century, with the remainder of the population moving to Drysdale River Mission. Wunambal, Gaambera and Kwini people made journeys to islands in the area by dugout canoes originally bought from  Makassan traders, who began visiting the Kimblerley coast sometime between 1669 and 1763. Both Aboriginal and Makassan peoples harvested and processed sea cucumber. The Juarinanda  incorporated several Malay words into their language.

Today, by succession, the traditional owners of the island are the Balanggarra (aka Kwini) people, of the Worrorran language group, whose name for the island is Niiwalarra. They have visited the island for millennia. Traditional owners have been assisting with archaeological assessments of the island in 2021, for the first time since Ian Crawford did his research in the 1960s. Evidence of pottery and other artefacts from new excavations on the island are being complemented by the oral histories of the Kwini people. A number of hearths are a record of where the trepang was cooked on the beach in large iron pots, with activity especially picking up around 1800.

The group and island were named in 1819 by Phillip Parker King, after Sir Graham Moore (1764–1843), who held a seat of the board of the English Admiralty Board.

A LORAN radar site was established on the north west corner of the island during World War II by American and Australian forces. The site consisted of a radar building, radio building, a powerhouse and a campsite. The concrete pad for the main building are all that remain today.

There were unsuccessful attempts at cotton farming on the island.

The island once supported a population of feral pigs, but by 2009 they had died out, apparently from the only fresh water source becoming saline following erosion from a cyclone.

References

Islands of the Kimberley (Western Australia)


title: Alberto Trillo

text:
Alberto Trillo (born 19 March 1939) is an Argentine former cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Buenos Aires
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1963 Pan American Games


title: Givenchy Pour Homme

text:
Givenchy Pour Homme is a men's perfume produced by French fashion house Givenchy, introduced in 2002. Its perfumers were Alberto Morillas and Ilias Ermenidis.

References

External links
 Givenchy Pour Homme at Basenotes.net

Products introduced in 2002


title: Jim Mein

text:
James Adlington Mein (born 1938) was Dean of Edinburgh from 2001 to 2004.

Born in 1938 and educated at the University of Nottingham,  he was ordained after a period of study at Westcott House, Cambridge in 1964. He was the curate at St Columba, Edinburgh then Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Edinburgh. He was in Malawi  from 1967 to 1972. He held incumbencies in Grangemouth, Livingston and Edinburgh before his time as Dean. After this he was the Interim Minister at Holy Trinity, Dunfermline.

Notes

1938 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Alumni of Westcott House, Cambridge
Scottish Episcopalian clergy
Deans of Edinburgh


title: 1820 in Scotland

text:
Events from the year 1820 in Scotland.

Incumbents

Law officers
 Lord Advocate – Sir William Rae, Bt
 Solicitor General for Scotland – James Wedderburn

Judiciary
 Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Granton
 Lord Justice General – The Duke of Montrose
 Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle

Events
 13 March – Clan Grant raid on Elgin in a disputed election to the town council.
 1–2 April – a proclamation, signed "By order of the Committee of Organisation for forming a Provisional Government", is distributed in the Glasgow area, beginning the "Radical War" in Scotland. The following day, around 60,000 – particularly weavers – stop work across a wide area of central Scotland.
 5 April – Radical War: "Battle of Bonnymuir" – troops capture radicals near Bonnybridge.
 8 April – Radical War: Radical prisoners from Paisley are freed from jail in Greenock after militia have killed eight of the crowd.
 22 April – Walter Scott is created 1st baronet of Abbotsford in the County of Roxburgh in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
 1 May – Robert Owen's Report to the County of Lanark, of a plan for relieving public distress and removing discontent (published 1821) is delivered.
 26 July – opening of Union Chain Bridge across the River Tweed between England and Scotland, designed by Captain Samuel Brown. Its span of 449 ft (137 metres) is the longest in the Western world at this time, and it is the first wrought iron vehicular suspension bridge of its type in Britain.
 30 August – Radical War: Radical leader James Wilson, a Strathaven weaver, is executed for treason on Glasgow Green for his part in the rising.
 8 September – Radical War: Radical leaders John Baird and Andrew Hardie are executed at Stirling for their part in the rising at Bonnybridge.
 10 October – thief David Haggart murders the keeper of the Dumfries tolbooth while escaping imprisonment.
 15 December –  (1812) is wrecked near Craignish.
 22 December–23 May 1821 – Radical War: Remaining prisoners are transported from England to Australia on the convict ship Speke.
 The United Secession Church is established as a Presbyterian denomination by union of various churches which have seceded from the established Church of Scotland.
 Finishing of work on Charlotte Square completes the first New Town, Edinburgh.
 Remainder of the Nor Loch in Edinburgh is drained to form what will become Princes Street Gardens.
 The Edinburgh botanical garden is moved to the Inverleith site of the modern-day Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
 Inveraray Jail and Courthouse opened.
 The mineral thomsonite is first discovered, in Scotland.
 The Edinburgh Phrenological Society is established.
 John Walker sets up as a grocer and wine and spirits merchant in Kilmarnock, from where he will sell the blended Scotch whisky which will be branded as Johnnie Walker.
 The 6th Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published.
 The Scottish Cemetery at Calcutta is established in British India.
 Approximate date
 Construction of Ardlamont House.
 Development of Barbaraville begins.
 Demolition and replacement of old village of Cullen to extend the gardens of Cullen House in Moray begins.
 Gordon Setter dog breed standard formalised by Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon.

Births
 4 April – David Kirkaldy, engineer, pioneer of materials testing (died 1897 in England)
 21 April – Peter Kerr, architect (died 1912 in Australia)
 1 May – Henry Yule, orientalist (died 1889 in England)
 24 May – William Bruce Robertson, Presbyterian preacher (died 1886)
 29 June – Patrick Stirling, locomotive engineer (died 1895 in Doncaster)
 5 July – William John Macquorn Rankine, physicist (died 1872)
 6 August – Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, entrepreneur, statesman and philanthropist (died 1914 in Canada)
 William Downie, gold prospector (died 1893 in North America)
 James Mckenzie, outlaw in New Zealand (died after 1856 in Australia?)
 Edward Wilson, railway civil and locomotive engineer (died 1877 in England)

Deaths
 14 January – Agnes Broun or Burnes, mother of Robert Burns (born 1732)
 12 March – Sir Alexander Mackenzie, explorer of Canada (born 1764)
 2 April – Thomas Brown, philosopher (born 1778; died in London)
 15 April – John Bell, surgeon (born 1763; died in Rome)
 4 September – John Dunlop, merchant and miscellaneous writer (born 1755)
 6 September – James Ferguson, lawyer, politician and landowner (born 1735; died in London)
 11 October – James Keir, geologist, chemist and industrialist (born 1735; died in Birmingham)
 8 December – Archibald Colquhoun, lawyer and politician (born c.1754)

The arts
 Robert Chambers's publishing company publishes The Songs of Robert Burns.
 Walter Scott's novels The Abbot and The Monastery are published anonymously; also the first collected edition of his Poetical Works and his song "Hail to the Chief".
 Agnes C. Hall's novel The Highland Castle and the Lowland Cottage is published under the pen-name Rosalia St Clair.
 Robert Archibald Smith's The Scotish [sic.] Minstrel: a selection from the vocal melodies of Scotland ancient and modern begins publication in Edinburgh.
 David Wilkie paints Reading the Will.

See also

 1820 in Ireland

References

Scotland
1820s in Scotland


title: Reflection (Fifth Harmony album)

text:
Reflection is the debut studio album by American girl group Fifth Harmony. It was released on January 30, 2015, by Syco Music and Epic Records. Lyrically, the album discusses themes of female-empowerment, romance, heartbreak and confidence. Musically, Reflection is primarily a pop record and showcases synthpop, "grungy" hip hop and R&B sounds. The album features guest appearances by American rappers Kid Ink and Tyga, as well as American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor, and collaborations with several producers including Ori Kaplan, Dr. Luke and Stargate.

The album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Commercially, the album entered the Billboard 200 at number five, earning the group their first top-five entry in the United States with sales of 80,000 equivalent units—62,000 of those coming from traditional album sales. Reflection entered the top twenty in the United Kingdom, after peaking at number eighteen, and charted within the top ten in countries such as Canada, New Zealand and Spain. The album charted within the top thirty in ten other countries. To further promote the album, the group embarked on their first headlining concert tour, the Reflection Tour, visiting the United States, Canada, Mexico and Europe.

Reflection was supported by three singles: its lead single, "Boss", released on July 7, 2014, followed by "Sledgehammer" premiering on October 28, 2014, and "Worth It" featuring Kid Ink, the last single, was released on March 3, 2015. All three singles made appearances in the top fifty of the Billboard Hot 100, peaking individually at 43, 40 and 12, respectively. "Worth It" became the album's most successful single, charting in the top ten in thirteen countries. In the United States, both "Boss" and "Sledgehammer" achieved platinum certification, while "Worth It" was certified triple platinum. Since its release, the album has sold 155,000 pure copies in the United States. Reflection has since been certified Platinum by Recording Industry Association of America for combined sales, streaming and track equivalent units of 1 million.

Background and release
After finishing in third place on the second season of The X Factor, and releasing their debut extended play titled Better Together, Fifth Harmony announced they would be releasing a full-length album in the spring of 2014. During the voting stages of the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards, where Fifth Harmony was nominated in the Artist to Watch category, fans were asked to vote for the group a certain number of times to help unlock the album's cover art. The title and the cover of the album were unveiled on Fifth Harmony's official website on August 12, 2014. After receiving negative feedback from fans, the group revealed a new album cover on August 23, 2014. The album's release date was delayed several times during the last quarter of 2014 and early 2015, and was ultimately released in the United States on February 3, 2015.

Recording and development

They recorded 60 songs in total for the album. During an interview with Billboard before the album's release, Fifth Harmony said the album would signal a more mature sound for the group. "We've started recording and getting into that process, we have shifted the lane a bit and made it a more mature sound, because obviously, we're growing up too." Lauren Jauregui also told Billboard during an interview that the album's recording was set to begin in April 2014, and said its sound would be less pop than their earlier work on Better Together.

During the album's production, the group worked with a variety of collaborators. The Norwegian production duo Stargate wrote and co-produced the song "Worth It" with musician Ori Kaplan who also played the saxophone. It was recorded at three different studios: Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles and Windmark Recording Studio in Santa Monica, California, and The Hide Out Studio located in London, England. Jaycen Joshua mixed the song, assisted by Ryan Kaul and Maddox Chhim, at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California.

Producer Dr. Luke contributed to the track "This Is How We Roll" along with Cirkut. It was recorded at Conway Recording Studios in Hollywood and Luke's In the Boo in Malibu, California. Serban Ghenea mixed the song at MixStar Studios. The group also worked with Tommy Brown who recreated a '90's R&B sound for the song "Everlasting Love" with Travis Sayles and produced the stripped-down track "We Know". Singer-songwriter Victoria Monét wrote and produced the group's vocals on both songs and  handled the co-production of the title track, "Them Girls Be Like" produced by T-Collar with additional production by Monét. "Everlasting Love", "Reflection", "Them Girls Be Like" and "We Know" were recorded at Vietnam Studios.

The album's lead single, "Boss", written by Eric Frederic, Joe Spargur, Daniel Kyriakides, Gamal Lewis, Jacob Kasher and Taylor Parks, was produced by Ricky Reed with Joe London and Daylight. It was recorded at The Venice Studio in Venice, Los Angeles, and The Record Plant also in Los Angeles. Singer Meghan Trainor contributed vocals on "Brave, Honest, Beautiful" and co-wrote the songs "Sledgehammer" and "Suga Mama". Chris "Flict" Aparri (credited as "Flict") handled the production for the three tracks. The three songs were recorded at Windmark Recording Studios.

Composition

Music and lyrics

Musically, Reflection explores a variety of musical genres. As noted by Matt Collar, of AllMusic, the album spans  "electronic-infused dance music to synthy, rhythmically bumptious hip-hop to retro-'90s R&B." Jason Lipshutz, from Billboard also noted the diversity present in the album's production, commenting that the group shows "that they are capable of slick synth-pop, grungy hip-hop and fluttering R&B" and adds that the "latter [is] clearly indebted to the girl groups of the '90s". The songs share similar production and instrumentation. For example, horns can be heard during the hook on the first track "Top Down", and are also introduced in the second song "Boss", serving as support instruments. They also appear on the third track "Worth It".

The lyrics explore themes of feminism and female empowerment. Meaghan Garvey of Pitchfork described the album as "an album of fun, feminist pop that is simultaneously wise beyond its years and refreshingly age-appropriate—and it effortlessly embodies the ideals grasped at by the girl power think piece wave, with a sharp, nuanced perspective that can only come from lived experience".

Several critics noted the influence of singer Beyoncé on the album comparing it to her work. During the song "Them Girls Be Like", member Lauren Jauregui sings: "Do you ever post your pics with no filter, 'Hashtag,' I woke up like this, too" in a clear reference to Beyoncé's song "Flawless". Editor Dawn Richard of The New York Times, wrote that "Them Girls Be Like" and "Boss" are both a "dutiful Beyoncé homage". The song "Brave, Honest, Beautiful" contains portions of Destiny's Child's "Bootylicious", co-written by Beyoncé. The group also praised the singer Mariah Carey on the track "Like Mariah", produced by J.R. Rotem with samples of the hook on Carey's 1995 single "Always Be My Baby".

Songs and lyrical content
The album opens with synths riffs introduced on the first track "Top Down". As well as finger snaps, it features tottering beats and a horn riff in the hook, which critics compared to Ariana Grande's "Problem". In the song's chorus the group sings, "Blaze it up we'll be cruisin', with the Top Down/Rev up the engine we'll be cruisin' watch it go down/Get in my truck and I'll be ridin' with my Top Down". Brennan Carley of Spin described it as "an unknowingly filthy anthem about riding in the car". During the hook, the phrase "electric city" is repeated several times. The song's hip hop-inspired production was also compared to "Fancy" by rapper Iggy Azalea featuring Charli XCX.

The second track "Boss" features trumpets, handclaps and heavy bass, creating a rhythmic, militaristic sound. The lyrics feature several cultural references. For example, the song's first verse refers to hip hop dance movement "Nae Nae": "Everyday is payday, swipe my card, then I do the nae nae." The second line clearly cites the rappers Kanye West and Ray J: "You're talking to a lady, I want a Kanye and not a Ray J." During the chorus, the group also praised female icons Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey. The song was compared to Destiny's Child's "Independent Women". Christina Garibaldi from MTV commented that the group "proudly sing about the fact they don't need a man as they "pledge allegiance to my independent girls in here". In an interview with Garibaldi, the group said "the whole point of this song is for girls who are our age to turn it on and feel confident and empowered because at this age being insecure is such a common occurrence. So we think when you turn that song on, you feel sexy and feel good about yourself." The next track, "Sledgehammer", is '80s-inspired synthpop. It features EDM beats, and heavy synths. Lyrically, the song uses "Sledgehammer" as a metaphor to express the physical effects of love.

The fourth track "Worth It" features a guest appearance by Kid Ink. Written from the perspective of a woman telling a man that she is "Worth It", it implies a sexual connotation. However, like other songs on Reflection, "Worth It" could also be interpreted as a feminist song. Jeff Benjamin of Fuse expands this notion by writing the song can inspire "young girls to truly believe they're 'Worth It' and can own Wall Street or any other place on which they set their sights". Its instrumentation consists of horns sample, trance synths and a trap-inspired Roland TR-808 drum machine. Critics compared the song to "Talk Dirty" by Jason Derulo (also produced by Norwegian production team Stargate and musician Ori Kaplan) for a similar use of horns in its production.

The Dr. Luke-produced track, "This Is How We Roll", is a pop rock and electronic dance music fusion, with the chorus driven by guitar chords that drop off during each EDM-influenced hook. Brennan Carley of Spin noted that a similar sound can be found on "Scream & Shout" by Will.i.am and Britney Spears, mainly during the song's breakdown. The sixth track, "Everlasting Love", is influenced by '90s R&B; the group sings over piano notes and chattering percussion. The following track, "Like Mariah" samples Mariah Carey's "Always Be My Baby". It also features guest vocals by rapper Tyga. The group sings the chorus: "Your loving takes me higher/You set my heart on fire/When you touch my body/Got me singing like" with Carey's hook harmonizing around. Jason Lipshutz of Billboard commented that in the song, "Fifth Harmony admirably pulls off the sunny R&B vibe and falsetto runs of the pop icon they're honoring on the track".

"Them Girls Be Like" lyrics also feature cultural references, as noted by Lipshutz who wrote, "like 'Boss', the song oozes self-assuredness, this time swatting down female rivals instead of tongue-wagging males. The millennial-friendly lyrics are an absolute blast to swim through". During the song, the group sings: "We ain't like them girls that do too much/If you thirsty, you can't sit with us." The verse directly refers to the movie Mean Girls. In the bridge, Lauren Jauregui belts out: "Do you ever post your pics with no filter" in a clear reference to the movement #Nofilter. Time editor Jamieson Cox noted that with the song, the group "promote[s] a positive body image". Musically, the track is strongly influenced by Caribbean music.

The title track "Reflection" is a hip hop number, with a trap-influenced chorus, where Normani Kordei sings: "You'd be rich if looking good was your profession/Think I'm in love, 'cause you so sexy/Boy, I ain't talkin' about you, I'm talking to my own reflection." Meaghan Garvey of Pitchfork commented that the track is a "celebration of self-love without the somberness and pedantry that often comes with the topic, purring flirty coos to their own mirror images and breezily refuting the idea that women dress up for male approval." Critics described "Suga Mama" as a 2010s update of "No Scrubs" by R&B group TLC. Jamieson Cox of Time stated that in the track, "they're affectionate but unwilling to fund their deadbeat boyfriends' lavish lifestyles."

The eleventh track "We Know" is a stripped-down song in comparison to the rest of the album and begins with Kordei singing the first verse followed by Camila Cabello. Jauregui performs the pre-chorus accompanied by a simple piano melody, member Dinah Jane then sings the hook with the second verse sung by Ally Brooke. Garvey of Pitchfork praised the vocal's division in the song writing that it "serves as the album's most impressive showcase of each member's solo talents." The song contains an interpolation of DeBarge's "A Dream".

On the first bonus track included on the album's deluxe version, "Going Nowhere" is an EDM number. During the song, the group sings and a synth riff and synthesized handclaps are featured. "Body Rock" contains an interpolation from "(I've Had) The Time of My Life" performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. The song has one of the faster tempos on the album. It features a synthesized melody and sirens. The deluxe edition concludes with "Brave, Honest, Beautiful" featuring Meghan Trainor. The chorus praises several female singers such as Beyonce, Shakira, Rihanna and Madonna. The lyrics are complemented by a moderate dance beat. Lyrically, it express a message of female empowerment and positive body image.

Singles
"Boss" was released as the album's lead single on July 7, 2014, with the music video released a day later on Vevo. The song debuted at number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100, with first-week sales of 75,000 copies, number 37 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart and number 75 on the Canadian Hot 100. It reached the top 40 in countries such as Spain and the United Kingdom. It was certified platinum in the United States. The song's accompanying music video, choreographed and directed by Fatima Robinson, was released on the band's Vevo page showed the group performing with chairs,  interacting at a photo shoot, and in an arm wrestling contest.

The album's second single, "Sledgehammer" was released on October 28, 2014. Its music video was released on November 25, 2014, on Vevo. "Sledgehammer" debuted on the Mainstream Top 40 chart at number 28, and peaked at number 21 on December 25, 2014, becoming the group's highest position on the chart, surpassing their first single "Miss Movin' On". The song went on to spend three non-consecutive weeks at its peak position. On December 4, 2014, the song debuted at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100. It rose to a peak of number 40 on its fifth week on the chart with weekly sales of 85,000 copies, marking Fifth Harmony's best weekly sales as well as their highest-charting single and first top 40 entry. Along with "Boss", the song was certified platinum in the United States.

"Worth It", featuring Kid Ink, was sent to contemporary hit radio in the United States, as the album's third and last single on March 3, 2015. On the chart dated February 7, 2015, the song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 82. On July 28, 2015, it reached number 12 on its twenty-third week on the chart. It was the group's highest charting song at the time, but has since been surpassed by their 2016 single "Work from Home", which peaked at number four in May 2016. The song also debuted at number 37 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart. It has since reached a peak of number four, becoming their first top ten song on the chart. "Worth It" was the group's first song to debut on the Rhythmic chart. It was certified triple platinum, and became one of only twenty-two songs to be certified multi-platinum in 2015 in the United States. Elsewhere, the song peaked at number one in Israel, Lebanon and Mexico, number three in Scotland, as well as in the top 20 in Australia, Canada, Belgium, South Korea, Slovakia, Germany and France, becoming the group's biggest song worldwide.

Promotional singles
Them Girls Be Like was released as the first and only promotional single on August 24, 2014 as part of the album's pre-order.

Promotion

After releasing "Boss", the group released another song from the album, "We Know", during sessions for Idolator and Billboard. They performed several songs from the album before its release during Austin Mahone's Live on Tour in the summer of 2014. The new songs included "Reflection", "We Know" and "Going Nowhere". Fifth Harmony announced a headlining, 23-date tour, The Reflection Tour, commencing on February 27, 2015. Opening acts included Jacob Whitesides, Jasmine V and Mahogany Lox.

On the release of Reflection, MTV aired the Fifth Harmony Album Release Party Presented By Covergirl at New York's Webster Hall on February 6, 2015, where the group took the stage for a private performance, filmed by fans and turned into a music video, followed by an interview. Fifth Harmony appeared as guests on VH1's Big Morning Buzz Live for the entire week of February 16, 2015, doing interviews and performing on the show.

Critical reception

Reflection received generally positive reviews from music critics. Writing for Time, Jamieson Cox, in a positive review, said the group is "agile, and have intuitive understanding of how their differences in vocal texture and range can impact their songs by introducing surprise and tension". He continued: "Reflection is certainly enjoyable on a purely musical level, but Fifth Harmony's perspective and positivity is often even more exciting." Matt Collar, of AllMusic, gave the album four out of five stars saying that it "is a slick production showcasing the group's multi voiced approach to contemporary R&B". He noted the diversity of musical genres, "from electronic-infused dance music to synthy, rhythmically bumptious hip-hop, to retro-'90s R&B," although adding that "it is very much a savvy pop product of the moment". Artistdirects Rick Fiorino gave the album five out of five, saying that each song feels "massive" and has potential to be "blaring out of radios for years to come". He added that the group's "dynamic voices" fuse into "one focused pop roller coast (sic)". Fiorino ends his review saying that Reflection establishes the group as "21st century's pop music's premier powerhouse".

Brittany Spanos, of Rolling Stone, gave the album three and a half stars out of five, calling the lyrics "infectious" and the track "Like Mariah" a standout. Billboards Jason Lipshutz gave the album four out of five stars saying that "most of the songs work," adding that the group shows "that they are capable of slick synth-pop, grungy hip-hop and fluttering R&B, the latter clearly indebted to the girl groups of the '90s". Lipshutz also compares the group's message to Rihanna, Nicki Minaj, and Katy Perry's, noting that "the back half of Reflection is basically a misandrist constitution, with the 5H ladies brushing off lazy dudes on 'Suga Mama', game-players on 'We Know' and the flight-before-fight bros on 'Going Nowhere'". Writing for Spin, Brennan Carley gave a rating of seven out of ten, calling the album "cohesive and modern," and "self-aware fun". He highlighted Meghan Trainor's work saying "her feel-good songwriting and female empowerment jams provide some of Reflection's highest peaks". Glenn Gamboa, of Newsday, gave the album a grade of B (the highest being an A+), highlighting how the track "Brave, Honest, Beautiful" could be an "anthem for the group". He also complemented the extended time the album took to make, saying this allowed the group "time to grow" and "plenty of resources". Gamboa finished his review by raving about the many pop culture icon references on the album, and how the group offers a "particular brand of multicultural girl power".

Writing for Idolator, Christina Lee gave the album three and a half stars out of five, saying that Fifth Harmony "nails every song with absolute precision, as if its members had known each other for far longer than just three years since The X Factor". She also predicted that the group is "bound to move on to the next round in this pop game" with a "No. 1 single, at the very least". Rebecca Mattina, from Andpop, gave the album three and a half stars out of five, saying that "the lyrics are fun, strong and full of swagger, and their vocals are always on-point. If they can really hone in (sic) on their sound, it won't be long before they're dominating the charts". She noted that "Boss" "might just be one of the best female empowerment songs since Destiny's Child's 'Independent Women" and called the lyrics of "Brave Honest Beautiful" some of the group's "most powerful".

Billboard ranked "Sledgehammer" at number 57 on its list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time: Critics' Picks.

Year-end lists

Commercial performance
The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 chart with 80,000 equivalent album units (with 62,000 of those coming from pure album sales), becoming their second release to debut in the top-ten since their first extended play, Better Together. Its steady performance within the top fifty after its release earned them a spot in the end of year charts at number 48. As of early 2016, the album has sold 155,000 copies in the United States. On December 12, 2017, the album was certified Platinum in the United States for combined sales and streaming-equivalent units of 1,000,000 units, after the Recording Industry Association of America introduced streams in their certification criteria.

Outside the United States, Reflection made an appearance in Canada, where it charted at number eight, becoming the group's first top ten entry there as well as in countries such as Brazil and New Zealand. In Europe, the album entered the top twenty in both the United Kingdom and Scotland, charting at 18 and 19 respectively. It also charted within the top thirty in five other countries. Reflection charted at number 16 in Australia, giving Fifth Harmony their second top twenty entry in Oceania after New Zealand. Elsewhere, the album made appearances within the top thirty in five other countries.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies a co-producer.
  signifies a vocal producer.
  signifies a remix producer.

Sample credits
 "Like Mariah" contains elements of the composition "Always Be My Baby", written by Mariah Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, Jr., performed by Mariah Carey.
 "We Know" contains a portion of the composition "A Dream", written by Bunny DeBarge, performed by DeBarge.
 "Body Rock" contains an interpolation from "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", written by John DeNicola, Donald Markowitz and Franke Previte, performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes.
 "Brave Honest Beautiful" contains a portion of the composition "Bootylicious", written by Rob Fusari, Beyoncé Knowles, Kelendria Rowland, Falonte Moore and Stevie Nicks, performed by Destiny's Child

Personnel
Credits for Reflection adapted from AllMusic.

Managerial

 Danny D. – executive producer
 Tim Blacksmith – executive producer
 Dalia Glickman – A&R
 Michael Klein – A&R
 Jermaine Pegues – A&R
 Joey Arbagey – A&R

Vocals

 Ally Brooke — lead vocals (except Them Girls Be Like), background vocals
 Normani Kordei — lead vocals, background vocals
 Dinah Jane — lead vocals (except Boss and Sledgehammer), background vocals
 Lauren Jauregui — lead vocals (except Worth It), background vocals
 Camila Cabello — lead vocals, background vocals
 Kid Ink – featured artist
 Tyga – featured artist
 Meghan Trainor – featured artist, background vocals

Visuals and imagery
 Fuko Chubachi – art direction, design
 JP Robinson – art direction, creative director
 Fatima Robinson – art direction, creative director
 Ben Cope – photography

Production

 Nate Alford – engineer
 Mike Anderson – engineer
 Henrique Andrade – assistant
 Tommy Brown – production
 Julian Bunetta – mixing, programming, engineer
 Cirkut – production, programming
 Maddox Chhim – assistant
 Daylight – engineer, production, programming
 The Family – production
 Rachael Findlen – assistant
 Chris "Flict" Aparri – production
 Serban Ghenea – mixing
 Clint Gibbs – engineer
 Bradford H. Smith – assistant
 John Hanes – mixing
 Andrew Hey – engineer
 Jean-Marie Horvat – mixing
 Jonas Jeberg – engineer
 Jonas Jeberg – production, vocal production
 Jaycen Joshua – mixing
 Samuel Kalandjian – mixing, engineer
 Ori Kaplan – production
 Ryan Kaul – assistant
 Daniel Kyriakides – engineer
 Matt Larson – assistant
 Aldo Lehman – engineer
 Joe London – engineer, production,  programming
 Dr. Luke – production, programming
 Harvey Mason, Jr. – vocal production
 Tim McClain – assistant
 Victoria Monét – vocal production
 Cameron Montgomery – assistant
 Mikkel S. Eriksen – engineer
 Stargate – production
 Tommy Parker – vocal production
 Taylor Parks – vocal production
 T-Collar – production, engineer
 J.R. Rotem – production
 Ricky Reed – engineer, production, programming
 Benjamin Rice – engineer
 Irene Richter – production coordination
 Deon Sanders – production
 Travis Sayles – production
 Christopher Trujillo – engineer
 Miles Walker – engineer
 Brandon Wood – assistant
 Daniel Zaidenstadt – engineer

Musicians

 Julian Bunetta – musician
 Tor Erik Hermansen – instrumentation
 Cirkut – instrumentation
 Dr. Luke – instrumentation
 Mikkel S. Eriksen – instrumentation
 Jonas Jeberg – instrumentation
 Darhyl "DJ" Camper, Jr. – keyboards
 Kyle Townsend – piano
 Ori Kaplan – saxophone
 Daniel Kyriakides – horn

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2015 debut albums
Fifth Harmony albums
Epic Records albums
Albums produced by Harvey Mason Jr.
Albums produced by Stargate
Albums produced by Dr. Luke
Albums produced by Cirkut
Albums produced by J. R. Rotem


title: Ernesto Contreras (cyclist)

text:
Ernesto Antonio Contreras Vásquez (19 June 1937 – 25 October 2020) was an Argentine cyclist. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and the 1968 Summer Olympics. He also won the Argentine National Road Race Championships in 1959, 1970 and 1971, as well as eight consecutive national pursuit championships from 1956 to 1963.

Contreras died in 2020 at the age of 83, after being hospitalized for a heart attack and also testing positive for COVID-19. He was 83.

References

External links

1937 births
2020 deaths
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Mendoza, Argentina
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina


title: William P. Morrow House

text:
William P. Morrow House is a historic home located near Graham, Alamance County, North Carolina. It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, three bay, stuccoed brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style.  It has brick end chimneys and a low hipped roof. A -story rear ell was added in 1984–1985.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Greek Revival houses in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1855
Houses in Alamance County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina


title: Typhoon Yancy (1990)

text:
Typhoon Yancy, known as Typhoon Gading in the Philippines, was an erratic tropical cyclone that delivered significant impacts in Taiwan and southeastern China in 1990. Originating from an area of disturbed weather within the monsoon trough, it organized into Tropical Storm Yancy on August 14. The system moved westward for several days and slowly gathered strength, becoming a typhoon on August 16 and reaching one-minute peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) the next day. Yancy moved erratically as it skirted along the northern coastline of Taiwan and made a subsequent landfall in southeastern China, where it lingered for several days before dissipating on August 23.

The storm capsized two ships offshore the Philippines. In Taiwan, torrential rainfall ruined  of crops, caused landslides that disrupted travel, damaged houses, downed trees, and cut power to 525,000 families. In the Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangdong provinces of China, the cyclone damaged tens of thousands of homes, razed crops, and damaged seawalls. About 400,000 residents were left homeless throughout those locales. Along Yancy's path, 284 people were killed, 74 more were left missing, and over 927 others were injured. Total damage was estimated to be around $384 million (1990 USD).

Meteorological history

At 06:00 UTC on August 9, Yancy was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in a Significant Tropical Weather Advisory as an area of persistent convection. What would eventually develop into Typhoon Yancy initially began as a low-level convective center on the eastern side of a monsoon depression. For a period lasting four days, multiple vortices persisted at low latitudes prior to their ultimate consolidation into Yancy. During its early stages of formation, Yancy moved in an inconsistent manner as mesoscale convective elements developed and decayed, and up until August 13, Yancy adopted a steady westward track. During this period, the JTWC issued three Tropical Cyclone Formation Alerts (TCFAs). The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), meanwhile, began monitoring the system on August 11.

Of the aforementioned TCFAs, the first was issued at 21:00 UTC on August 11 based on the improving state of the disturbance's central convection and upper-level outflow coupled with decreasing barometric pressure at multiple nearby stations on land. A second alert was issued at 14:00 UTC the following day in response to a northward shift of a low-level center and further decreases in surface pressure. The third and final TCFA was issued at 14:00 UTC on August 13 as the system continued to organize. Four hours later, the JTWC issued its first warning on the newly upgraded tropical depression. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Yancy at 12:00 UTC August 14 based on increased curvature of convection and consolidation of the cyclonic center, though the JMA assessed this upgrade twelve hours sooner. Beyond August 13, Yancy continued to follow a westward track, but it did so at a quicker pace. This period of rapid movement lasted for two days as the storm moved under the influence of an intensifying subtropical ridge to the north. At 12:00 UTC on August 16, the JTWC determined that Yancy had strengthened into a typhoon.

Yancy's trajectory shifted from westward to north-northwestward after the subtropical ridge weakened in response to a shortwave trough moving off the coast of China. The typhoon continued to move in this direction for eighteen hours; beyond this point, the subtropical ridge re-strengthened and Yancy continued its westward trajectory. According to JTWC data, Yancy intensified into the equivalent of a Category 2 on the Saffir–Simpson scale at 18:00 UTC on August 17, peaking in intensity six hours later with one-minute sustained winds of 90 knots (165 km/h; 105 mph). JMA data, however, placed Yancy's peak intensity eighteen hours later, with ten-minute sustained winds of 80 knots (150 km/h; 90 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 28.05 inHg (950 mbar). On August 18, just as the cyclone was peaking in intensity, it developed an eye. Yancy then proceeded to carry out a trochoidal oscillation, tracking across Taiwan the next day. Yancy's interaction with mountainous terrain on the island, and later the Chinese mainland, caused it to weaken. JMA data reflects this weakening, with Yancy's winds decreasing to severe tropical storm intensity at 18:00 UTC August 19 and tropical storm intensity twelve hours later. The JTWC downgraded Yancy to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC August 20; thirty hours later, the agency downgraded the storm to a tropical depression, simultaneously issuing its final warning and declaring Yancy dissipated. The JMA similarly found that Yancy had weakened to a tropical depression on August 22, and it stopped tracking the system the next day.

Impacts
In the Philippines where Yancy was known by the PAGASA name "Gading",, a monsoon surge triggered by the storm resulted in significant rainfall which flooded areas across northern Luzon. Over 60,000 residents fled to evacuation centers. Offshore, two ships capsized in rough seas generated by the storm's large circulation. Six people were killed, four people were reported missing, and eight people were injured in the marine accidents.

To the north in Taiwan, heavy rains up to  in the Alishan Range and  on Yu Shan were recorded. These rains caused extensive flooding that washed away  of rice, vegetable, and fruit plantations. The combination of floods and landslides caused many railways and roads to be blocked with hundreds of trees being uprooted. One house was collapsed and seven other homes were damaged by the storm. In Taipei alone, about 525,000 families lost power. In the Port of Keelung, one fishing vessel capsized and a 31,600 ton ship Livi was run aground. The severe weather shut down Taoyuan International Airport for two days. In total, thirteen people were killed across the island, with seven people being reported missing after being washed away by floods, and fourteen others were injured from falling objects. Five of these deaths occurred when five cars were swept off a bridge; additional fatalities occurred either by flying signs and debris or as a result of electrocution by downed power lines. Total damage across Taiwan was estimated at NT$2.7 billion.

Yancy delivered significant impact to southeastern China. In Fujian, where the cyclone meandered for days and contributed to more than , more than 4 million residents were directly affected. More than 40,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, and 157 boats were swept away. About  of farmland were inundated by flooding, of which  occurred in Fuqing County alone. Up to  of communication lines were damaged. Additional damage was inflicted to 447 bridges and 20,000 sites of irrigation works. The total cost was estimated at $900 million RMB. The storm killed 161 people and injured 468 more in that province, many of whom died in collapsed buildings. In neighboring Zhejiang, about 20,700 homes were damaged. The hardest hit locale was Wenzhou, where approximately  of land suffered extensive flooding, and where grain losses amounted to 20,000 tons. Total damage was estimated at $450 million RMB. A total of 96 people were killed, 63 others were reported missing, and more than 400 more were injured. An additional 7,800 heads of livestock were killed as well. Throughout both the Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, seawalls and dikes were damaged. In the two months leading up to Yancy's impact, the region had been struck by four typhoons. In eastern Guangdong, the effects of the storm, chiefly from heavy rainfall, collapsed 4,800 homes and inundated about  of farmland. Eight people were killed and another thirty-seven people were injured. Throughout the entirety of southeastern China, 400,000 residents were left homeless.

See also

Other tropical cyclones named Yancy
Typhoon Abe (1990)

Notes

References

1990 Pacific typhoon season
Typhoons in China
Typhoons in the Philippines
Typhoons in Taiwan


title: Suppawat Srinothai

text:
Suppawat Srinothai (, born May 9, 1988), simply known as Ten (), is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 2 club Trat  .

External links
 Profile at Goal

1988 births
Living people
Suppawat Srinothai
Men's association football goalkeepers
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai
Suppawat Srinothai


title: Héctor Acosta (cyclist)

text:
Héctor H. Acosta (9 December 1933 – 1 November 1973) was an Argentine former cyclist. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1933 births
1973 deaths
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Rosario, Santa Fe
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina
Competitors at the 1959 Pan American Games
Cyclists at the 1963 Pan American Games
20th-century Argentine people
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games


title: Burchard-Bélaváry family

text:
The Burchard-Bélaváry family (Szikavai és Bélaváry Both/Burchard in Hungarian ; Burchard von Bellawary de Sycava in German) is an aristocratic family of Hungarian origin who gave many personalities. Its comes from the Both de Bajna branch of the Both family, family Magnates of Hungary whose records date back to 1282. Its name was originally Both de Szikava et Bélavár.

Members
Johann I Burchart von Bélaváry (1546-1616), who gave a famous dynasty of pharmacists in Tallinn, in Estonia, in the Raeapteek (from Johann I. to Johann X. ; 1582 – 1911).
György Both de Szikava et Bélavár († 1588), royal judge, captain of the Devín Castle.
Dávid Bélaváry de Szikava (ca. 1580), diplomat and high official of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Miklós Bélavary, son of Dávid, Grand Treasurer of Upper Hungary (1655), military governor of Upper Hungary (1666). Blood court (1655).
Dávid Belleváry II, grandson of David and son of Miklós. Officer in the Chamber of Kassa, collecting royal taxes (tricesimator in Latin) and Imperial Commissioner (császárí Biztos in Hungarian), he became later a kuruc hero in the Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711).
Gottlieb Johann (aka Ivan) Burchard von Bélaváry (1756-1825), Lord of Brandten, Russian commander, Husband of Augusta von Knorring (1750-1823), sister of generals baron Gotthard Johann von Knorring and Karl von Knorring.
Gottlieb II Burchard von Bélaváry (1757-1807), killed as Russian commander (major) at Oczakov during the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812). Son of Gottlieb (1721-1759), lord of Munnalas, councilor of Tallinn and Elder of the Great Guild and of Dorothé von zur Mühlen (1726-1776), daughter of the mayor of Tallinn.
Johann Conrad Burchard von Bélaváry (1777–1871), Russian commander (major), knight of the Order of St. George.
Fromhold Johann Burchard-Bélaváry (1777°), Kapitan 2nd rank (капитаны второй ранги) (1825) in the Imperial Russian Navy.
Jan Konrad Burchard (1748, Tallinn- 1828, Poland), captain-aide-de-camp of general Kościuszko, pharmacist in Warsaw and Radom, mayor of Radom.
Konrád Bélaváry de Sikava (18th century – 19th century), General, governor of Nubia.
Konrád Burchard-Bélaváry (1837–1916), Consul general of Brazilia in Budapest, Business magnate, member of the House of Magnats.
Rudolf/Rezsö von Burchard-Bélavary (1870 -), son of Konrad. PhD in economics and political science, business magnate and Councillor and Chef de service to the Ministry of the Interior (miniszteri titkár).
Andor Burchard-Bélaváry (1880–1947). PhD in economics and political science, businessman, he has the title of Senior Councillor of the Government (kormányfőtanácsos).
Julius-Konrad Gyula Burchard-Bélaváry (1820–1917), engineer, captain of Hussar, major in the Hungarian army during the Hungarian Revolution in 1848, he was next to his friend general count Henryk Dembiński. He later became the CEO of the French champagne Delbeck and president of the Union of Great Brands (Syndicat de Grandes Marques), in Reims.
István Burchard-Bélaváry (1864–1933), artist.
Marcel Burchard-Bélaváry (1864–1914), French commandant, writer, he is killed in the beginnings of the First World War.

Gallery

See also
Nobility and royalty of the Kingdom of Hungary
Hungarian heraldry
Austria-Hungary

Sources
Magyar Heraldikai és Geneológiai Társaság, Budapest, 1894, 1899, 1901, 1902, 1926
Récits de famille, Histoire de la Famille Burchard-Bélavàry, by Cdt Marcel Burchard-Bélavary, Berger-Levrault et Cie, Nancy, 1906; La Hulpe, Bruxelles, 2001
A Bothfalvi B. -család címere by Meliorisz B., Turul, 1901 (netlexicon.hu)
Nagykanizsa – Romlottvár, by George Szekér dipl. Architecte, 2007, Budapest
The Business Strategy of Fathers and Sons:A Hungarian Family in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Klement Judit, ed. in AETAS – Journal of history and related disciplines (1-2/2005) pdf

References

Both family


title: Snethlage's antpitta

text:
Snethlage's antpitta (Hylopezus paraensis) is a species of antpitta in the family Grallariidae. It was formerly considered conspecific with the spotted antpitta.

References

Snethlage's antpitta
Birds of the Amazon rainforest
Endemic birds of Brazil
Snethlage's antpitta
Snethlage's antpitta


title: Hemipsilichthys papillatus

text:
Hemipsilichthys papillatus is a species of loricariid catfish endemic to Brazil, where it is restricted to the Rio Preto, a tributary of the Paraíba do Sul, in the southeastern states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. This species grows to a length of  SL.

References

Delturinae
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2000


title: Héctor Acosta

text:
Héctor Acosta may refer to:

 Héctor Acosta (cyclist) (1933–1973), Argentine Olympic cyclist
 Héctor Acosta (footballer, born 1991), Mexican footballer
 Héctor Acosta (footballer, born 2000), Venezuelan footballer
 Héctor Acosta (singer) (born 1967), Dominican musician


title: Boris Fedtschenko

text:
Boris Alexeevich Fedtschenko (27 December 1872 – 29 September 1947) was a Russian plant pathologist and botanist. He is primarily known for his work on various regions of Russia, especially the Caucasus, Siberia and Asiatic Russia. He was also head botanist at the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden.

Biography
Boris Fedtschenko was the son of botanists Olga Fedtschenko and Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko. He was born in Leipzig, while his parents were on an expedition in Western Europe. In 1873, eight months after he was born, Alexei was killed in a climbing accident on Mont Blanc.

Olga studied natural sciences at the University of Moscow. Between 1891 and 1892, she undertook the first of many trips with her son, going first to the Ural Mountains. In the summer of 1893, they explored the Crimea twice, 17 to 28 June, then July 29 to August 1. They made a large circular botanical voyage around the Crimean Mountains and collected in the Sevastopol area.

In 1894, they explored Transcaucasia. In 1897, they studied the flora of the western Tian Mountains. Between 1898 and 1899, Fedtschenko became a botanist at the Imperial Botanic Garden in St Petersburg. In 1901, Olga and Boris went on a botanical expedition in the Pamir Mountain range. Later they published Materiaux pour la flore du Caucase (1901), Flora of the Pamirs (1901) and Conspectus Florae Turkestanicae (1913), which covered 4145 species.

Between 1899 and 1904, their large collections (including 700+ specimens from SW Crimea) were carefully studied and completely reflected in a series of papers. The plant collection was later given to the Botanic Garden, and is now one of its most notable collections.

By 1902, he was the head of the botanic garden's herbarium. This also meant he was responsible for editing the garden's periodical (Bulletin of the Imperial Institute), which was started in 1919. It conducted fieldwork in Central Asia during the 1920s, which added species information to the Flora SSSR project.

He also published several works in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada (Proceedings of the St.Petersburg Botanical Garden), including Eritrichium pamiricum in 1903, based on the expeditions.

In 1904, he published  Novitae florae Turkestanciae, which was also translated into German in 1914 - Übersicht sämtlicher bis jetzt für den Russischen Turkestan.

In 1908, he stopped the publication of the botanic garden's journal Botanicheskij Zhurnal (Ботаническiй Журналъ), which had been published from 1906 to 1908. With the help of algologist and mycologist Alexandr Alexandrovich Elenkin and botanist Alexandr Fedorovich Flerow, Fedtschenko started a new independent journal called Journal Russe de Botanique (Русскій ботаническiй журналъ). It published issues eight times a year, until 1915 when World War 1 started and financial cutbacks had to be made.

Between 1908 and 1910, Fedtschenko and Flerow published Flora Evropejskoj Rossii (Flora of the European Part of Russia), which contained 3,542 new species. This large piece of work also had contributions from other botanists.

In 1907, 1908 and 1910, they also published the three-part volume Okskaya Flora (Flora of the Oka).

After they published the Flora volumes, they were criticized by several botanists including, F.S. Nenyukov, N.I. Kusnezov and Eduard Regel, due to its very short descriptions. But this made the books very compact and portable, and therefore very widely used.

In 1910 and 1915, Boris and his mother (now aged 70), returned to Turkestan for more plant hunting expeditions.

In 1930, he attended the Fifth International Botanical Congress held at the Imperial Institute, in London. He attended the International Congress of Tropical Agriculture and Colonial Development (discussing cotton in Egypt).

Boris collaborated with many institutions, including Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Garden of Geneva.

Also in 1930, Fedtschenko started organising botanists around Russia to survey plants and report their findings to create a national plant survey.

In 1931, the Imperial Botanic Garden and Imperial Botanical Museum were merged to create the Komarov Botanical Institute. Vladimir Komarov was head of the museum and, as such, outranked Fedtschenko. He then took over responsibility for the Flora SSSR project and became its editor-in-chief. Eventually the thirty-volume project was completed and published in 1964, after Fedtschenko had died in 1947. The volumes covered some 17,500 plant species, and represented a huge step forwards for Russian botany.

Boris Fedtschenko died on 29 September 1947 in Leningrad (now called St Petersburg).

The specific epithet fedtschenkoi honors botanist Boris Fedtschenko. The epithet fedtschenkoanus also refers to him, but fedtschenkoi refers to his father's and mother's work.

Significant other works of the 1900s include:
  by Olga Fedtschenko and B. Fedtschenko (1906-1916)
  (1907) by B. Fedtschenko
  (1908-1910) by B. Fedtschenko and Alexandr F. Flerow
  (1912-1924) by B. Fedtschenko and Alexandr F. Flerow
  (1927-1936, index in 1938) by B. Fedtschenko and Boris K. Schischkin

He is the botanical author of many species of plant and tree, including Abies sibirica var. semenovii (1899),  Echinops tschimganicus(1911), Gypsophila bucharica(1911), Nephrodium amurense (1918), and Saussurea turgaiensis (1910).

He is mentioned in D.J. Mabberley's portable plant books of 1997.

Other sources
S.G. Shetler, 1967, The Komarov Botanical Institute
Brummitt, R.K. & Powell, C.E., Authors Pl. Names (1992): page196
Jackson, B.D., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1901): page22
Lanjouw, J. & Stafleu, F.A., Index Herb. Coll. E-H (1957): page192

References

External links

1872 births
Phytopathologists
Botanists with author abbreviations
Botanists from the Russian Empire
1947 deaths
Soviet botanists
Moscow State University alumni


title: Sutherland High School, Centurion

text:
Sutherland High School is a public English medium co-educational high school situated in the suburb of Eldoraigne, Centurion in the Gauteng province of South Africa, It is one of the top and academic schools in the Gauteng province, The school was established in 1987.

School houses
Upon successful registration at Sutherland High School, students are divided among the following eight houses:

{{Columns-list|
 Argyll
 Bays
 Cameron
 Dunrobin
 Freskin
 Lindley
 Roberts
Seaforth

These houses compete in various sporting and cultural competitions throughout the year.

Leadership programmes
The School of Leadership is a youth leadership development initiative that is unique to Sutherland High School.

Red blazer programme
Learners at Sutherland High School can sign up for the "Red Blazer" programme. This is the most prestigious award that the School of Leadership offers. The main characteristics of a red blazer recipient are respect, integrity and accountability. Below is a more extensive description of each requirement of the Red Blazer programmes.

Desert walk
Desert walk is the first event that the School of Leadership offered. Learners are expected to endure a walk through the desert through challenging physical activities and limited food and sleep.

Mentor programme
The mentor programme was initiated in 2009 where Grade 8 pupils were allocated a Grade 11 pupil who would look after them, “showing them the ropes” of Sutherland High School, and helping them cope with their first year of high school.

Sports activities
Sutherland High School is part of the Pretoria English Medium High School Athletics Association (PEMHSAA), and has won the association's inter-highschool events 20 consecutive times from 1991 to 2011.

Sutherland High School has been performing very well on sports during the year.

The sports that are offered in the school are:

 Archery
 Athletics
 Chess
 Cricket
 Cross country
 Equestrian
 Golf
 Hockey
 Netball (Girls)
 Rugby (Boys)
 Shooting
 Football (soccer)
 Swimming
 Table tennis
 Tennis
 Water polo

Notable alumni
Gareth Cliff
 Nicole Flint, Miss South Africa 2009

Accolades
In September 2011, the school set a world record for the most solved Rubik's Cubes in one hour: 711, exceeding the previous record of 300 in an hour. Five years later in 2016, this record was surpassed by nine students in India–2,454 in one hour.

References

High schools in South Africa
Educational institutions established in 1987
1987 establishments in South Africa


title: Joe McManemin

text:
Joseph de Valley McManemin  (2 January 1923 – 5 August 2014) was a New Zealand athletics coach and sports administrator.

Biography
Born in Auckland in 1923, McManemin was educated at Auckland Grammar School and became a pharmacist, with a shop in the Auckland suburb of Mount Roskill.

A sprinter, McManemin was a member of the Old Grammarians' Club in Auckland. He became involved in athletics administration, and was elected to the committee of the Auckland Centre of the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association in 1944. He went on to become a sprint coach, mentoring New Zealand representatives including Doreen Porter, Valerie Morgan and Maurice Rae.

McManemin went to the 1960 Rome Olympics as the New Zealand athletics team manager and was the general manager of the New Zealand team at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh.  He was chef de mission of the New Zealand team at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich.

He served on the organizing committees for both the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland and the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in Christchurch. With Norman Coop, he was co-founder of the 1990 Games Promotion Committee, which successfully bid in 1984 to stage the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland. McManemin then went on to chair the organizing committee for that event.

McManemin served as president of both Athletics Auckland and Athletics New Zealand. A Freemason, he was grand master of Freemasons New Zealand from 1986 to 1988.

He died in Auckland in 2014.

Honours
In the 1974 New Year Honours, McManemin was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sport and the community. He was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service in the 1990 New Year Honours.

References

1923 births
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Auckland
New Zealand people of Cornish descent
People educated at Auckland Grammar School
New Zealand male sprinters
New Zealand athletics coaches
New Zealand sports executives and administrators
New Zealand Freemasons
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Queen's Service Order
New Zealand justices of the peace


title: Sequestered (TV series)

text:
Sequestered is an American streaming television series created by Aaron Tracy, airing via online streaming video service Crackle. The first six episodes were released online on August 5, 2014, and the second set of six episodes were released on October 14. The show is no longer available on the Crackle service although it is still on Netflix.

Plot
The series follows the trial of Malcolm Miller, a man accused of kidnapping and murdering the governor's young son. A jury is sequestered in a hotel where it has to decide Miller's fate, while his young lawyer Danny Firmin starts to put together what seems to be pieces of a conspiracy. Anna, one of the jurors who believes in Miller's innocence, is soon threatened.

Cast
 Jesse Bradford as Danny Firmin
 James Maslow as Kevin Mohr
 Bruce Davison as Danny Firmin's father
 Chris Ellis as Ron Pritchard
 Patrick Warburton as Mark Bennett
 Dina Meyer as Helen Bennett
 Trevor Torseth as Hugh Cross
 Brooke Wexler as Jenny Brandt

Jurors
 Summer Glau as Anna Brandt
 Ryan McPartlin as Ryan
 Rhonda Aldrich as Yvonne
 Lindsay Bushman as Kaitlyn
 Heather Dubrow as Marisa
  Chem Ehelepola as Ramesh
  Robert Elzein as Stone
 Christopher Goodman as Charles
  Brian Ibsen as Judd
 Emily Kuroda as Rufang
 Dan Mott as Seth
 Duane Shepard as Vernon

Episodes

Awards and nominations

References

External links

2010s American crime television series
2014 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
Crackle (streaming service) original programming
American crime television series
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Los Angeles


title: Charles T. Holt House

text:
Charles T. Holt House is a historic home located at Haw River, Alamance County, North Carolina. It was designed by architect George Franklin Barber and built in 1897.  The house is a -story, rectangular dwelling sheathed in wood, slate, brick and stone in the Queen Anne style.  It features peaks, turrets and decorative chimney stacks. Also on the property are the contributing carriage house, servant's quarters, gas house, corn crib, barn, and well house. It was built  for textile businessman Charles T Holt, the son of Thomas Michael Holt, governor of North Carolina, and his wife Gena Jones Holt, the daughter of Thomas Goode Jones, governor of Alabama.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Queen Anne architecture in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1897
Houses in Alamance County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina


title: Juan Brotto

text:
Juan Brotto (27 November 1939 – 29 January 2009) was an Argentine cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1939 births
2009 deaths
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Padua
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games silver medalists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Cyclists from the Province of Padua


title: Central African Republic at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Central African Republic competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Central African Republic qualified two athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Girls
Track & road events

References

You
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Central African Republic at the Youth Olympics


title: Ellis, Nebraska

text:
Ellis is an unincorporated community in Gage County, Nebraska, United States.

History
Ellis was named for John R. Ellis, a local banker. A post office was established in Ellis in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1958.

References

External links

Unincorporated communities in Gage County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Mahadev Peak

text:
Mahadev Peak is a mountain peak in the vicinity of New Theed in Srinagar District of Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is part of the Zabarwan Range. It is visible in most parts of Srinagar city.
It is also known as the peak of Srinagar. It is covered with snow for almost half of the year. The  Tarsar and Marsar lakes lie on the eastern side of this mountain. Other than Mahadev peak, places like Mamneth, Astanmarg, Ledwas, Burzwas, are well known among the trekkers.

Route
It can be climbed through Faqir Gujri, near Scholars' School, Dara Theed Harwan. The trek can be both a day trek as well as a night trek with a night stay at Ledwas. The trek has moderate difficulty. We have to cross several small streams on our way to Ledwas, which is always enjoyable. Nomads can be seen grazing the cattle with their horses carrying essentials.

See also
 New Theed
 Dachigam National Park

References

Mountains of Jammu and Kashmir
Srinagar district


title: Chad at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Chad competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Chad qualified two athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Girls
Track & road events

References

You
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Chad at the Youth Olympics


title: German submarine U-968

text:
German submarine U-968 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 14 May 1942 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 168, launched on 4 February 1943 and commissioned on 18 March 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Otto Westphalen.

Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-968 had a displacement of  when at the surface and  while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of  for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of  for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two  propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of  and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel  at . U-968 was fitted with five  torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one  SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one twin  C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history
The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 18 March 1943, followed by active service on 1 March 1944 as part of the 13th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.

In seven patrols she sank two merchant ships, for a total of , damaged one other.

Wolfpacks
U-968 took part in seven wolfpacks, namely:
 Hammer (17 March – 1 April 1944)
 Dachs (1 – 5 September 1944)
 Zorn (26 September – 1 October 1944)
 Grimm (1 – 2 October 1944)
 Panther (16 October – 10 November 1944)
 Rasmus (7 – 13 February 1945)
 Hagen (13 – 21 March 1945)

Fate
U-968 surrendered on 9 May 1945 at Narvik, Norway. She was subsequently transferred to Loch Eriboll in Scotland on 19 May 1945, and later to Loch Ryan as part of Operation Deadlight.
She was eventually sunk by Allied forces on 29 November 1945 in the North Atlantic in position .

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

German Type VIIC submarines
1943 ships
U-boats commissioned in 1943
U-boats sunk in 1945
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
World War II submarines of Germany
Ships built in Hamburg
Operation Deadlight
Maritime incidents in November 1945


title: Marcel Delattre

text:
Marcel Delattre (born 17 November 1939) is a former French cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
People from Puteaux
French track cyclists
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine
Cyclists from Île-de-France


title: Kerr Scott Farm

text:
Kerr Scott Farm, also known as Melville, is a historic home and farm located near Haw River, Alamance County, North Carolina. The vernacular farmhouse was built in 1919, and consists of a 1 1/2-story, frame, center hall plan, hip-roofed main block, with a one-story frame gable-roofed ell built about 1860. The property includes a variety of contributing outbuildings including a farm office (c. 1920s), milk house (c. 1920s), woodshed (c. 1930s), dairy barns (1910, 1929 and 1941), equipment building / machine shop (1941), cow shed (c. 1940s), gas / oil house (c. 1940s), corn crib (1910), silos, and cow sheds.  It was the home of North Carolina governor and United States Senator, W. Kerr Scott (1896-1958) and the birthplace of W. Kerr Scott's son, also a former North Carolina governor, Robert W. Scott.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

References

Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1919
Houses in Alamance County, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina