title: Be quiet!

text:
be quiet! is a computer hardware brand owned by the German company Listan GmbH, which manufactures power supply units, CPU coolers, computer cases and case fans. The main target groups for products in the be quiet! range are PC enthusiasts and gamers as well as smaller and larger PC integrators. The company's headquarters is in Glinde, close to Hamburg. At present, the firm also has branches in Poland, Taiwan and China. The products of be quiet! are directly sold from Glinde to distributors and resellers worldwide. However, the major market of the be quiet! brand is Europe.

History
The be quiet! brand was registered in 2002 as a trademark of Listan GmbH. Initially only PC power supplies equipped with noise-minimizing technology were marketed under the brand name. From 2008, it was decided to add products for the cooling of PCs (CPU coolers and case fans) to the be quiet! range in addition to power supplies. In 2014, be quiet! added PC cases to the product portfolio.

The readers of the German computer magazine PC Games Hardware elected be quiet! "Manufacturer of the Year" in the PSU category. Also in the election of the leading German online magazines Hardwareluxx be quiet! was chosen by the readers as "Manufacturer of the Year" in the PSU category. According to regular studies by the GfK Group, based on the numbers of units sold be quiet! is consistently concluded as market leader in Germany for PC power supplies, from 2006 to their latest study in 2017.

Products
All the organizational, administrative and logistics work as well as technical development of be quiet! products are performed at the headquarters in Germany. This includes all the necessary inspiration, product conception and design in addition to the final quality control.

In tune with the imperative in the brand name, a great deal of attention is paid in the development of all products in the be quiet! range to minimize noise. As a consequence the company has developed its own advanced technology and registered patents .

Power supply units

The main focus of be quiet! PC power supply products is the ATX format. However, the brand now also produces power supplies for SFX and TFX systems. The power supplies manufactured cover a spectrum of power classes from 300W to 1500W, focusing on high-end PC components.

PC cases
In August 2014, the brand be quiet! introduced its first midi-tower PC case Silent Base 800 to the market and since then introduced two further product series (Dark Base and Pure Base).

CPU cooler and case fans

In 2008, be quiet! extended its product palette with CPU coolers in tower, dual tower and top flow architectures. In addition, case fan models were produced with and without the PWM function in mounting sizes from 80 to 140 millimeters. In 2015, the be quiet! Pure Wings 2 case fan series won the European Hardware Awards, an annual selection of the very best hardware products available in the European market. In 2016, be quiet! extended its CPU cooler range with water coolers, in 240, 280 and 360mm formats.

Patents and utility models
For the technology it developed itself between 2009 and 2011, the company has lodged several registered designs and patents in diverse regions and countries. These all share the aim: Reduction of noise in addition to optimizing the operation in cooling and power supply components. One example is the "technology of aerodynamically optimized surface texture" as used in other industrial applications to reduce operational noise and improve airflow. This technology is applied to all be quiet! fans. The case fan series Silent Wings 2 and Shadow Wings have a further example of patented technology known as "anti-vibration mounts" that not only simplify the fitting and dampen the overall vibration, but also offer a flexible choice of mounting according to application. Another such technology is known as the "fan damping assembly", that reduces vibration with a rubber seal, simplifies the fitting procedures, and so significantly reduces the assembly time needed. In addition, the company has registered another invention for a "device to anchor the fan" on the CPU cooler as a utility model. This facilitates the fitting, because the device clamps easily to the exterior of the heat sink. The bracing against the heat sink serves to absorb the fan vibrations well and so inhibits the generation of noise.
The company also has a registered utility model for the "connector angular setting" for the cables of its power supply products. This special technology enables the setting and adjustment of the outlet cable angle, to suit the installation sites in differing PC configurations. This makes for tidy routing of the cables and improves the air circulation in the casing.

See also
Antec
Arctic
Corsair
Deepcool
Noctua
NZXT
Thermaltake
Zalman

References

German brands
Computer hardware cooling
Computer enclosure companies
Computer power supply unit manufacturers


title: Robin Trower Hogg

text:
Rear Admiral Robin Ivor Trower Hogg CB FRSA (born 25 September 1932) is a former senior Royal Navy officer.

Naval career
Born on 25 September 1932 and educated at Bedford School, Robin Trower Hogg was Director of Naval Operational Requirements for the Royal Navy between 1982 and 1984, Flag Officer First Flotilla between 1984 and 1986, and Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief Fleet between 1986 and 1987.

Rear Admiral Robin Trower Hogg was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1988 New Year Honours.

References

1932 births
Living people
People educated at Bedford School
Royal Navy rear admirals
Companions of the Order of the Bath


title: Don't Let Him Know

text:
"Don't Let Him Know" is a song by Canadian rock band Prism, written by Jim Vallance and Bryan Adams. It was the first single from the band's fifth studio album, Small Change (1981). "Don't Let Him Know" was Prism's biggest US hit, peaking at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock chart  and No. 39 on the Billboard Hot 100. As a single it reached No. 49 on the Canadian Singles chart.

The song and footage of the band performing were later used in a commercial for Craig car stereos.

Personnel
Prism
 Henry Small – lead vocals
 Lindsay Mitchell – guitar
 Rocket Norton – drums
 Al Harlow – bass guitar

Sales chart performance

Re-recorded version
In 2009, Prism re-recorded "Don't Let Him Know" with Al Harlow on lead vocals.

See also
 List of Billboard Mainstream Rock number-one songs of the 1980s

References

External links

1981 songs
1982 singles
Prism (band) songs
Songs written by Jim Vallance
Songs written by Bryan Adams
Columbia Records singles
Capitol Records singles


title: Albert Richards

text:
Albert Richards may refer to:

Albert Richards (artist) (1919–1945), British artist
Albert Richards (athlete) (1924–2003), New Zealand Olympic runner
Albert Richards (footballer) (1903–1973), English footballer
Albert G. Richards (1917–2008), American photographer and scientist
Albert Norton Richards (1821–1897), Canadian politician

See also
 Richards (surname)
 Richards (disambiguation)


title: Chan Shu-woon

text:
Chan Shu-woon (25 December 1921 – 30 November 2003) was an educator in China, Hong Kong and the United States.

Chan was the third son of Chen Jitang, Guangdong warlord from 1929 to 1936. During his stay in Hong Kong, he was the principal of Tak Ming College in Kowloon, the school founded by his father. He was also chairman of the school council of the Shou Shan College, member of the school council and professor of the Chu Hai College and member of the school council of the Kwong Tai College. He was also the Chairman and later Life Chairman of the Eastern Athletic Association and Chairman of the Tsung Tsin Association.

He joined the Reform Club of Hong Kong and ran for the Urban Council in the 1956 Urban Council election. Chan later quit the Reform Club in 1962 and ran as an independent in the 1963 Urban Council election. Brook Bernacchi, leader of the Reform Club later on sued Chan for alleged corruption during the election campaign. Chan subsequently resigned from the office in 1964 and departed Hong Kong for the United States on 1 May.

Chan immigrated to the United States and became a professor in a college in the San Francisco Bay area.

Chan had brothers including Chan Shu-jone, Chan Shu-gar and Chan Shu-park.

References

1921 births
2003 deaths
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Hong Kong emigrants to the United States
Hong Kong educators
University and college founders
Members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong
Reform Club of Hong Kong politicians
People from Guangzhou
Educators from Guangdong
Chinese emigrants to British Hong Kong
20th-century American academics


title: Taki Toa Shield

text:
The Taki Toa Shield is an annual rugby union tournament played among semi-professional clubs and an invitational New Zealand Māori community team in Sydney, Australia. The event also includes a netball tournament, pōwhiri, haka and food stalls.

The shield itself is a perpetual trophy awarded to the winning team, which is then returned the following year. The name Taki Toa is an abbreviation of the Māori phrase, "Te Rōpū Toa o Te Takitini Iwi Maori" meaning "The Brave Group of the Many Māori People".

History

In 1983, due to the growing number of New Zealanders playing rugby in Sydney, a competition was set up in accordance with traditional Māori sports competitions in New Zealand.

The tournament was established by Manukau 'Manu' Nepia Sutherland, a former Waverley Rugby Club player, and other New Zealanders playing rugby in Sydney.

There has been some perception that the tournament has been in decline in recent years, perhaps due to competition with other events such as the Pacific Unity Festival.

The Shield

Manu Sutherland's father Henare carved the shield, which stands over one meter tall and signifies the new migration of Māori and the coming together of Māori and Australians.

Carvings
The carving at the top of the shield depicts the sun and its far reaching beams. Rising above the horizon are the peaks of Mount Taranaki, Ngauruhoe, Tongariro, Ruapehu and Aoraki / Mount Cook representing New Zealand (Aotearoa) as a whole.
The Pacific Ocean (Moana-nui-a-Kiwa) lies between the mountains, with dipping canoes below, indicating space, quest and traditions.

The old spiritual carvings (Takapau) were borrowed from ancient designs, such as the marakihau to lock in the canoes, the seas, the mountains and the guiding stars of the heavens.

One side of the lower phrase shows the genealogical tribal and family signs, and the other shows manaia guarding the central figure and the takarangi designs interlocking the security of the central design.

The series of designs at the bottom edge depict the participation of women in social and recreational events.

The central figure
The central figure of the carving is depicted with glaring eyes and protruding tongue to accept and give challenge. The distended mouth space gives room for championship medallions. The space below is separated by a football involving the codes being played. The name TAKI TOA RUGBY CHALLENGE SHIELD fills in the space.

At the bottom are four simple adornments indicating the whakataukī "Ngā hau e whā" (literally meaning "The four winds", i.e. North, South, East and West).

See also
 Rugby union in New South Wales
 Rugby union in Australia
 Rugby union in New Zealand
 Māori Australians

References

Māori sport
Sport in Sydney
New Zealand diaspora
Rugby union competitions in New South Wales
Recurring sporting events established in 1983
1983 establishments in Australia
Sports leagues established in 1983


title: Life of the Party (Shawn Mendes song)

text:
"Life of the Party" is the debut single recorded by Canadian singer Shawn Mendes from his extended play The Shawn Mendes EP. Written by Ido Zmishlany and Scott Harris, it was recorded in Toronto, Ontario and released on June 26, 2014. The song was later included on Mendes' debut studio album Handwritten (2015).

Music video
A lyric video, released on July 1, 2014, is a long, one-shot zoom-in on Mendes in The George Street Diner in Toronto, who occasionally converses with the waitress of the diner as he is singing. Lyrics from the song appear in spots such as tables and hanging lights. It ends with the waitress reading a note left from Shawn, smiling as the scene fades. The official video was released on March 11, 2015.

Background
The title of the song, "Life of the Party", may give the impression that it's an upbeat dance song, but in an interview, Mendes described the song as not "super happy, but it's also not depressing". The lyrics represent being happy with yourself and figuring out who you are and who you want to be. It was written by two writers from New York, Ido Zmishlany and Scott Harris, though Mendes felt a strong connection to it.

Chart performance
The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart of July 12, 2014, at number 24, making it his first entry in the chart and first top 40 hit. Mendes became the youngest artist to debut in the top 25 with a debut song on the Billboard Hot 100 at  of age. The song debuted at number five on the Hot Digital Songs chart with 148,000 downloads.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2014 debut singles
2014 songs
Pop ballads
Shawn Mendes songs
Songs written by Scott Harris (songwriter)
Island Records singles
Songs written by Ido Zmishlany


title: Fuad Masum

text:
Muhammad Fuad Masum (; , born 1 January 1938) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the seventh president of Iraq from 24 July 2014 to 2 October 2018. He was elected as president following the 2014 parliamentary election. Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and was a confidant of Talabani.

Early life and education
Fuad Masum was born in the city of Koya. He was the son Mullah Masum Khider, a former head of the Association of Muslim Scholars in Kurdistan, who belongs to an established political dynasty with Muslim clerical links. His family descends from the village of Khabanen, which is part of Hawraman. He studied at various religious schools in Iraqi Kurdistan until the age of 18. He studied law and Sharia at Baghdad University. In 1958, Masum traveled to Cairo to complete his higher education at Al-Azhar University. He worked as a professor in Basrah University in 1968. He earned his PhD in Islamic philosophy from Al-Azhar in 1975.

Political career

Communist Party
Masum joined the Iraqi Communist Party in 1962, until 1964, where he travelled to Syria to meet the Communist Party secretary there, Khalid Bakdash. After Masum discovered Bakdash's attitudes against the Kurds, he quit the party to join the Kurdistan Democratic Party (PDK).

Kurdistan Democratic Party
In 1968, Masum was the PDK representative in Basra. He was also the representative of the Kurdish Revolution in Cairo until 1975.

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Masum was one of the founders of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in 1976. By 1992, he was the first Prime Minister of Kurdistan Region. In 2003, following the invasion of Iraq, Masum returned to Baghdad to be a member of the delegation representing Kurdistan, and was a member of the constitution drafting committee. In 2010, Masum became the first Speaker of the Council of Representatives.

Presidency

In 2014, he was elected by the parliament representatives as the seventh president of Iraq. Masum won 211 votes while his closest competitor, Barham Salih,  only received 17. The decision was made during a secret vote of Kurdish MPs, who traditionally have control over the presidency for the sake of political balance. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was present in Iraq when the decision was made, meeting with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki about the need for a more inclusive government. Masum accepted the position, noting the "huge security, political and economic tasks" he faces as president.

On 26 August, Masum appointed a new prime minister, Haider al-Abadi.

Masum's appointment of Haider al-Abadi as new prime minister was considered illegal by Nouri al-Maliki and in violation of the constitution. Maliki said that in spite of his erosion of power it was his duty to remain in power because the appointment was a conspiracy rooted from outside of Iraq. Al-Maliki referred the matter to the federal court claiming, "the insistence on this until the end is to protect the state." However, on 14 August 2014, in the face of growing calls from world leaders and members of his own party, the embattled prime minister announced he was stepping down, paving the way for al-Abadi to take over.

Personal life
Masum married to Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa (1942-2023) in 1968, and has five daughters: Shereen (b. 1969), Juwan (b. 1972), Zozan (b. 1977), Shilan (b. 1979) and Veian (b. 1983). He had a son, Showan (1973–1988), who died from a childhood illness.

References

External links

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|-

1938 births
Al-Azhar University alumni
Iraqi Kurdish people
Iraqi politicians
Iraqi Sunni Muslims
Kurdish Muslims
Living people
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan politicians
People from Koy Sanjaq
Presidents of Iraq
Prime Ministers of Kurdistan Region
Speakers of the Council of Representatives of Iraq
Kurdish politicians


title: William J. Oliphant

text:
William J. Oliphant (1845–1930) was an American Confederate States Army veteran and photographer from Austin, Texas. He published the first photographs of buffalo hunts in North America.

Early life
William James Oliphant was born on September 30, 1845, in Lawrenceburg, Indiana. His father, William S. Oliphant (1813-1890), was a jeweller. His mother was Jane (Van Zile) Oliphant (1822-1867). He moved to Texas with his parents when he was seven years old, in 1853. The family settled in Austin, where his father's jewellery store was located on Pecan Street, now known as Sixth Street.

He studied photography under Alexander Gardner (1845–1930) and Timothy H. O'Sullivan (1840-1882) in Washington, D.C.

Career
During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, Oliphant served as a private in the Company G of the Sixth Texas Infantry Regiment, also known as the "Travis Rifles," of the Confederate States Army (CSA). He served in the Battle of Missionary Ridge, the Battle of Pickett's Mill, and the Battle of Atlanta (where he was wounded and caught by Union forces). He was in prison at Camp Chase for nearly a year, from July 1864 to March 1865.

Shortly after the war, Oliphant became a photographer in Austin. His studio was above his father's jewellery shop at 117 Pecan Street. Indeed, together with Hamilton B. Hillyer (1835–1903), he was one of the earliest photographers in Austin to have a studio in the city. Additionally, he published photographs taken by other photographers. He is perhaps best known for publishing the earliest photographs of buffalo hunts in the United States. They are known as the Life on the Frontier series, taken by George Robertson in 1874.

From the 1880s to the 1920s, Oliphant worked for the government. He worked for the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts from 1881 to 1886, the Internal Revenue Service from 1887 to 1890, and for the Travis County Tax Assessor's Office from 1905 to 1927.

Personal life
Oliphant resided at the Oliphant-Walker House in Hyde Park, a suburb of Austin. He married twice. His first wife was Lizzie J. Walker (1848-1873). After she died in 1873, he got remarried to Alice Olive Townsend (1852-1908) in 1877. They had four children. One of his daughters married Walter Prescott Webb, a Texas historian.

Death and legacy
Oliphant died on November 11, 1930, in Austin, Texas. He was buried at the Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas.

The William J. Oliphant chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy in Austin, Texas is named in his honor.

Bibliography
Oliphant, William J. Only a Private: A Texan Remembers the Civil War. Edited by James M. McCaffrey. Houston, Texas: Halcyon Press, Ltd. 2004.

References

External links

1845 births
1930 deaths
People from Lawrenceburg, Indiana
People from Austin, Texas
Confederate States Army personnel
Northern-born Confederates
American photographers
Bison hunting
Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Austin, Texas)


title: Dick Thies

text:
Richard William Thies (May 14, 1937 – January 21, 1998) was an American actor known for playing villains in Western films during the 1960s. He was credited in his film and television appearances as Dick Thies.

Biography
Richard William Thies was born in Reno, Nevada on May 14, 1937, as the son of Alfred and Melba Thies,

Thies was married to actress Kathleen Mitchell, though they later divorced in January 1983. and father of actress Brooke Theiss.

Dick Thies died on January 21, 1998, at the age of 60.

Filmography
 Route 66 (1960–62) (TV), played Waldo
 The Talisman (1966), aka The Savage American, played Buford

References

1937 births
1998 deaths
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Greater Los Angeles


title: Vidya (philosophy)

text:
Vidya (, ) figures prominently in all texts pertaining to Indian philosophy – meaning science, learning, knowledge, and scholarship. Most importantly, it refers to valid knowledge, which cannot be contradicted, and true knowledge, which is the intuitively-gained knowledge of the self. Vidya is not mere intellectual knowledge, for the Vedas demand understanding.

Meaning
Vidya primarily means "correct knowledge" in any field of science, learning, philosophy, or any factual knowledge that cannot be disputed or refuted.

Its root is vid (Sanskrit: विद्), which means "to reason upon", knower, finding, knowing, acquiring or understanding.

Hinduism

In Hindu philosophy, vidyā refers to the knowledge of the soul or spiritual knowledge; it refers to the study of the six schools of Hindu philosophy: Nyaya, Yoga, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Purvamimamsa and Uttaramimamsa. The process of gaining the knowledge of the Atman cannot commence unless one has explored the Prānavidya or Agnividya  to the full in all its numerous phase; through vidyā or  upasana  to jnana  was always the eternal order indicated by the Upanishads. Jnāna dawns after the completion and perfection of the being through the vidyās; then, one crosses over beyond birth and death having already destroyed the bonds of death.

Vedas
During the Vedic period, vidyādāna or the gift for the sake of education was considered to be the best of gifts, possessing a higher religious efficacy than even the gift of land. Vidyā comes from the root vid ("to know"); it therefore means knowledge, science, learning, lore, scholarship and philosophy.
There are basically four Vidyas:
 Trayi (triple) which is the study of the Vedas and their auxiliary texts;
 Anviksiki which is logic and metaphysics;
 Dandaniti which is the science of governance;
 Varum, the practical arts such as agriculture, commerce, medicine etc.
Vidyā gives insight, in the spiritual sphere it leads to salvation, in the mundane sphere it leads to progress and prosperity. Vidyā illuminates the mind and shatters illusions, increases intelligence, power and efficiency; develops the intellect and makes it more re-fined; it effects a complete transformation as the root of all happiness and as the source of illumination and power. The word, Vidyā, does not occur in the Rig Veda, it occurs in the Atharvaveda and in the Brahmana portions of the Yajurveda and in the Upanishads.

Agni Vidyā
Agni Vidyā or the science of fire is said to be the greatest discovery of the ancient Indians who gained direct experience of divine fire through continuous research, contemplation, observation and experimentation; their experience led them to discover ways of using this knowledge to heal and nurture the outer and the inner worlds. To them fire is sacred, and because of the pervasive nature of fire all things are sacred. Body and mind which are extensions of the fire that the soul spontaneously emits are also sacred. Within the body the most significant centres of fire are more subtle than those of the sense organs. They are called the chakras which are seven fields of sacred fire. The understanding of the role of fire without and within gives proper self-understanding which understanding is gained through yogic practices. The performance of yajnas is the karma-kānda aspect of agni vidyā. All rituals follow set rules and conditions. The main function of the fire ritual is to make an offering to nature's finest forces and divinities that fill the space of inner consciousness; fire carries oblations to these forces and divinities. The fire has seven tongues all having unique qualities. The gods, goddesses, divinities and nature's forces are grouped in seven main categories which match with the qualities of the seven tongues of fire.

In Vedanta and the Upanishads

Atmaikatva
Atmaikatva or the absolute oneness of the self is the theme of entire Advaita Vedanta which distinguishes six pramanas or means of valid knowledge, but this vidyā or knowledge of Brahman is guhahita, gahavareshta i.e. set in the secret place and hidden in its depth, unattainable except through adhyātma-yoga, the meditation centering upon the nature of the self. Vedanta literature is only preparatory to it, it dispels ignorance and makes the mind receptive but does not reveal the truth therefore it is an indirect means of knowledge. The oneness of the self, which is self-established and self-shining, is called vidyā in cosmic reference which reveals the true nature of Brahman, the self-shining pure consciousness which is not a visaya ('object matter or content') but the one subject, transcendent of all conventional subjects and objects. The Self or the Atman is to be sought, the Self is to be enquired into, known and understood.

Hierarchy of knowledge
The sage of the Mundaka Upanishad (Verse I.1.4), more in the context of the ritualistic than of epistemological concerns, states that there are two kinds of knowledge (vidyā) to be attained, the higher (para) and the lower (apara). Para vidyā, the higher knowledge, is knowledge of the Absolute (Brahman, Atman); Apara, the lower knowledge, is knowledge of the world – of objects, events, means, ends, virtues and vices. Para vidyā has Reality as its content; Apara vidyā, the phenomenal world. According to Advaita Vedanta, Para vidyā, by the nature of its content, possesses a unique quality of ultimacy that annuls any supposed ultimacy that might be attached to any other or form of knowledge, and is intuitively gained as self-certifying. Once Brahman is realized all other modes of knowledge are seen to be touched by avidyā, the root of ignorance. In this context, Vidyā means true knowledge.
However, it is argued that the Advaita Vedanta interpretation does not answer the final question: what is the reality or truth-value of avidyā or what is the substratum that is the basis or cause of avidyā?

Valid knowledge
The Upanishads teach that the knowledge of difference is avidyā or ignorance, and the knowledge of identity is true knowledge or vidyā or valid knowledge, which leads to life eternal. For the Cārvākas, perception is the only means of valid knowledge (pramana). Vadi Deva Suri of the Jaina school defines valid knowledge as determinate cognition which apprehends itself and an object and which is capable of prompting activity which attains a desirable object or rejects an undesirable object; the result of valid knowledge is cessation of ignorance. Vaisheshikas recognized four kinds of valid knowledge – Perception, Inference, Recollection and Intuition. The Mimamsa schools introduced the concept of intrinsic validity of knowledge (svatahpramanya) and extrinsic validity of knowledge (parastah-apramana) but agreed that the validity of knowledge cannot be determined by the knowledge of any special excellence in its cause or the knowledge of its harmony with the real nature of its object or the knowledge of a fruitful action. Sankara accepted perception, inference, scriptural testimony, comparison, presumption and non-apprehension as the six sources of knowledge and concluded that the knowledge which corresponds with the real nature of its object is valid. The Atman is the reality in the empirical self as the ever-present foundational subject-objectless universal consciousness which sustains the empirical self.

Further Significance
In upāsanā the movement starts from the outer extremities and gradually penetrates into the inmost recesses of the soul, and the whole investigation is conducted in two spheres, in the subject as well as in the object, in the individual as well as in the world, in the aham as also in the  idam , in the adhyātma and also in adhidaiva spheres and conducted synthetically as well as analytically, through apti as well as samrddhi, which the Bhagavad Gita calls  yoga  and  vibhooti . The vidyās do not rest content in knowing the reality simply as a whole but proceed further to comprehend it in all its infinite details too. The higher includes the lower grades and adds something more to it and never rejects it; the lower has its fulfilment in the higher and finds its consummation there but never faces extinction. All forms of contemplation have only one aim: to lead to the Supreme Knowledge and hence they are termed as vidyās; through vidyā, which is amrta, one attains immortality (Shvetashvatara Upanishad Verse V.1). Dahara Vidyā, Udgitha Vidyā and Madhu Vidyā are the synthetic way whereas the analytic way is signified by the Sleeping man of the Garga-Ajātsatru episode and by the Five Sheaths, which ways show that the world and the individual spring from the same eternal source.

In Hindu Tantra
In Hinduism, goddesses are personifications of the deepest level of power and energy. The concept of Shakti, in its most abstract terms, relates to the energetic principle of ultimate reality, the dynamic aspect of the divine. This concept surfaces in the Kena Upanishad as Goddess Umā bestowing Brahma-vidya on Indra; when linked with shakti and maya, she embodies the power of illusion (maya), encompassing ignorance (avidya) and knowledge (vidyā) and thereby presented with a dual personality. According to the Saktas, Māyā is basically a positive, creative, magical energy of the Goddess that brings forth the universe. The ten Mahāvidyās are bestowers or personifications of transcendent and liberating religious knowledge; the term Vidyā in this context refers to power, essence of reality and the mantras. The gentle and motherly forms of Goddess Sri Vidyā are 'right-handed'. When the awareness of the 'exterior' (Shiva) combined with the "I" encompasses the entire space as "I" it is called sada-siva-tattva. When later, discarding the abstraction of the Self and the exterior, clear identification with the insentient space takes place, it is called isvara-tattva; the investigation of these two last steps is pure vidyā (knowledge). Māyā, which has been identified with Prakrti in the Shvetashvatara Upanishad represents its three gunas; also identified with avidyā, which term primarily means the dark abyss of non-being and secondarily the mysterious darkness of the unmanifest state, Māyā binds through avidyā and releases through vidyā .

Buddhism

In Theravada Buddhism, vidyā means 'non-dual awareness' of three marks of existence. In Tibetan Buddhism, the word, rigpa , meaning vidyā, similarly refers to non-dualistic awareness or intrinsic awareness.

Vidyā mantras

In Vajrayana texts, mantras exist in three forms: guhyā (secret), vidyā (knowledge) dhāraṇī (mnemonic). Male Buddhist tantric deities are represented by the grammatically masculine vidyā, while female Buddhist tantric deities are represented by the grammatically feminine dhāraṇī. The vidyā mantras constitute the knowledge and the mind of all the Buddhas and that which possesses the dharma-dhātu (essence of dhamma), and it is this knowledge, according to Cabezon, which "pacifies the suffering experienced in the existential world (saṃsāra) and the heaps of faults such as desire".

Pañcavidyā
In Buddhism, the  (Sanskrit; ) or "five sciences" are the five major classes of knowledge (vidyā) which bodhisattvas are said to have mastered. A recognised master of all five sciences is afforded the title paṇḍita. The five sciences are:
 the "science of language" (; , );
 the "science of logic" (; , );
 the "science of medicine" (; , );
 the "science of fine arts and crafts" (; , );
 the "inner science" of spirituality (; , ) which relates to the study of the Tripiṭaka.

See also
 Jnana
 Mahavidya
 Prajñā (Buddhism)
 Prajna (Hinduism)

References

Rigveda
Hindu philosophical concepts
Buddhist philosophical concepts
Jain philosophy
Vedanta
Upanishadic concepts
Yoga concepts
Tantra
Advaita Vedanta
Nonduality

Knowledge
Sanskrit words and phrases


title: Blackwell Formation

text:
The Blackwell Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: On the Way to the Sky (song)

text:
"On The Way To The Sky" is a song written by Neil Diamond and Carole Bayer Sager.

The song was first released in April of 1981 on Bayer Sager's solo album Sometimes Late at Night.

Diamond recorded the song the same year, and made it the title track of his fourteenth studio album. Diamond's version was released in October of 1981 and peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at #27 in March 1982.

Billboard said that "A downbeat melody line gives this track its emotional pull."

References

Neil Diamond songs
1982 songs
Songs written by Neil Diamond
Songs written by Carole Bayer Sager


title: 3rd Air Command

text:
The 3rd Air Command (Serbo-Croatian: 3. vazduhoplovna komanda/ 3.  ваздухопловна команда) was a joint unit of Yugoslav Air Force.

History
It was established by the order from June 27, 1959, on November 23, same year per the "Drvar" reorganization plan of Yugoslav Air Force from the 39th Aviation Division with command at Batajnica. In 1961 it suffered a change inorganization.

By the new "Drvar 2" reorganization plan of Yugoslav Air Force, 3rd Air Command has been disbanded. Its units were attached to 1st Aviation Corps.

The commanders of Air command was Nikola Lekić.

Organization

1959-1961
1st Air Command
103rd Signal Battalion
Liaison Squadron of 3rd Air Command
Light Combat Aviation Squadron of 3rd Air Command
94th Fighter Aviation Regiment
198th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
81st Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
107th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
116th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1959-1960)
161st Air Base
165th Air Base

1961-1964
1st Air Command
103rd Signal Battalion
461st Light Combat Aviation Squadron
94th Fighter Aviation Regiment
198th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
81st Support Aviation Regiment
107th Helicopter Regiment
161st Air Base
165th Air Base

Headquarters
Skoipski Petrovac

Commanding officers
Colonel Dušan Vlaisavljević

References
Notes and citations

Bibliography

Air Commands of Yugoslav Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1959


title: George L. Houghton

text:
George L. Houghton (August 28, 1841 - February 25, 1917) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Houghton received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Houghton's medal was won for his actions at Elk River, Tennessee, where he led a party that saved a bridge, on July 2, 1863. He was honored with the award on March 27, 1900.

Houghton was born in Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia in Canada, and entered service in Brookfield, Illinois. He was buried in Orting, Washington.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

References

1841 births
1917 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Canadian-born Medal of Honor recipients
Pre-Confederation Canadian emigrants to the United States
People from Yarmouth County
People from Orting, Washington
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: Ballagan Formation

text:
The Ballagan Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland and England. It preserves fossils dating back to the early part of the Carboniferous period (Tournaisian – early Visean). Its name comes from the "Ballagan Beds" of Ballagan Glen, near Strathblane, which has a good example of this geological formation.

The Ballagan Formation was historically known as the Cementstone Group, but more recently it has been placed as the middle formation of the Inverclyde Group. This change was motivated by the recognition that the youngest parts of the Devonian Upper Old Red Sandstone (now known as the Kinnesswood Formation) were geologically continuous with the lowest parts of the Lower Carboniferous Calciferous Sandstone Measures (now known as the Ballagan and Clyde Sandstone formations). This interval of Devonian-Carboniferous overlap was named the Inverclyde Group, and the cementstone-rich "drab beds" in the middle of the group were renamed to the Ballagan Formation. In Lothian, the Ballagan and Clyde Sandstone formations are sometimes known as the Tyninghame Formation.

Fossil sites
Many localities of the Ballagan Formation preserve exceptional fossils. The majority of fossiliferous sites are in the Midland Valley (particularly the Scottish Borders and East Lothian), in the southeast corner of Scotland.

One of the earliest sites to be studied was the fish bed at Foulden, which hosts many well-preserved fish fossils, notably including endemic actinopterygians (ray-finned fish) and the first complete skeleton of a rhizodont. Plants and arthropods also form a significant portion of Foulden fossils. This site and its fish fossils were publicized by E.I. White in 1927, and further excavations were performed by Stan Wood in 1980-1981. The Foulden fish bed was the primary theme for volume 76 of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences journal, published in 1985.

Willie's Hole, near Chirnside, is another site known for its high quality of preservation. It was initially recognized for its crustacean fossils, forming "shrimp beds" akin to those observed throughout the later Scottish Carboniferous. Willie's Hole has continued to produce well-preserved fossils of arthropods, fish, and partial tetrapod skeletons.

By far the largest exposures of the Ballagan Formation occur along the coastal end cliffs of Burnmouth. Tetrapod, fish, and arthropod fragments are common in several layers at Burnmouth, not just in fine-grained overbank deposits but also coarse river channel conglomerates, an unusual mode of preservation.

Tetrapod fossils have  been found in the vicinity of Tantallon Castle. Additional Midland Valley sites include Crumble Edge (along Whiteadder Water), Coldstream, Cockburnspath, Cove (in Berwickshire), and Whitrope Burn (near Hawick). A few locales in nearby Northumberland, England encompass fossil-bearing outcrops of the Ballagan Formation, such as Berwick-upon-Tweed Barrow Scar (near Alwinton), and a borehole core at Norham.

Some sites are also found along the west coast of Scotland. Auchenreoch Glen, near Dumbarton, was the collection site for the nearly complete type fossil of Pederpes finneyae, which was the oldest named tetrapod of the Carboniferous upon its discovery. Diverse assemblages of fish teeth and other microfossils have been found at Ayrshire and at Hawk's Nib and Mill Hole, on the Isle of Bute.

Paleobiota
The Ballagan Formation preserves a plethora of tetrapod, fish, and invertebrate fossils, reconstructing one of the most diverse continental ecosystems known from the Tournaisian stage. A variety of plant megafossils and spores are known from the Ballagan Formation.

Tetrapods
 Aytonerpeton microps
 Diploradus austiumensis
 Koilops herma
 Mesanerpeton woodi
 Ossirarus kierani
 Pederpes finneyae (Whatcheeriidae)
 Perittodus apsconditus
 Tantallognathus woodi
 UMZC 2011.7.2: A small unnamed five-fingered tetrapod similar to Gephyrostegus and Silvanerpeton
 SPW 4165 ("Ribbo"): A large unnamed tetrapod with robust ribs and limbs
 Crassigyrinus-like bone fragments
 An Eogyrinus-like tetrapod scute
 Indeterminate Tetrapoda and Whatcheeriidae fragments.

Fish
 Acanthodii ("spiny sharks"): Acanthodes ovensi (Acanthodidae), Gyracanthus sp. (Gyracanthidae), and rare indeterminate Climatiiformes.
 Actinisitia (coelacanths): cf. Rhabdoderma
 Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish): Aetheretmon valentiacum (Strepheoschemidae), Cosmoptychius striatus (Cosmoptychiidae), Phanerosteon ovensi (Carbovelidae), Strepheoschema fouldenensis (Strepheoschemidae), Styracopterus fulcratus (Styracopteridae)
 Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish): Ageleodus pectinatus, Cladodus sp. (Ctenacanthiformes?), Cooleyella sp. (Anachronistidae), Deihim sp. (Protacrodontidae), Deltodus tubineus (Cochliodontidae), Harpagofututor sp. (Chondrenchelyidae), Helodus ?simplex (Helodontiformes), Onychoselache (shark fin spines), Platyxystrodus sps. (Chondrenchelyidae), Protacrodus sp. (Protacrodontidae), Whitropus longicalcus (Cochliodontiformes)
 Dipnoans (lungfish): Ballagadus caustrimi, Ballagadus rossi, Coccovedus cellatus, Ctenodus roberti, Ctenodus whitropei, Ctenodus williei, Limanichthys fraseri, Occludus romeri, Uronemus splendens, Xylognathus macrustenus
 Megalichthyidae: ?Megalichthys sp.
 Rhizodonts: cf. Archichthys portlocki, Strepsodus? anculomanensis, cf. Strepsodus sauroides
 Indeterminate Actinopterygii.
 Indeterminate Chondrichthyes, including Helodontidae, Psephodontidae, Cochliodontiformes, Protacrodontidae, Holocephali, Xenacanthiformes, Hybodontiformes, ctenacanths, and Menaspiformes.
 Indeterminate fragments of lungfish and rhizodonts, some estimated up to 3 meters or 10 feet in length

Invertebrates
 Eumalacostracan crustaceans ("shrimps"): Bairdops elegans (Permimecturidae), Belotelson traquairi (Belotelsonidae), Dithyocaris, Pseudogalathea, Pseudotealliocaris etheridgei, Tealliocaris
 Millipedes: Woodesmus sheari and at least five other millipede taxa, including members of Archipolypoda, Juliformia, and Euphoberiidae
 Xiphosurans (horseshoe crabs): Albalimulus bottoni (Limulidae), Rolfeia fouldenensis (Paleolimulidae)
 Scorpions: Gigantoscorpio cf. willsi (Gigantoscorpionidae), Trachyscorpio squarrosus (Eoscorpiidae)
 Eurypterids: "Cyrtoctenus" (Hibbertopterus) peachi (Hibbertopteridae)
 Polyurida aenigmatica, an enigmatic worm-like animal initially mistaken for a myriapod
 "Spirorbiform" microconchids, initially mistaken for Spirorbis polychaete worm tubes
 Ostracods
 Bivalves: Modiolus latus (Mytilidae), Naiadites, Schizodus
 Gastropods
 Brachiopods

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
Tournaisian


title: Garlton Hills Volcanics

text:
The Garlton Hills Volcanics is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous Scotland


title: Wardie Shale

text:
The Wardie Shale is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Slate formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Manse Burn Formation

text:
The Manse Burn Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Mi Niña Lola

text:
Mi Niña Lola (My Child Lola) is the second studio album by Spanish singer Concha Buika. The record was released on April 3, 2006 via DRO Atlantic label.

Reception
The album sold 80,000 copies in Spain and sold well in neighboring France too. Mi Niña Lola won many awards (including best produced album at the 2007 Premios de la Música, the Spanish Grammys) and international acclaim. Buika toured widely as a result. The album reached No. 11 on the Spanish albums chart.

Track listing

Personnel
Acoustic Guitar [Flamenco Guitar] – Niño Josele
Backing Vocals, Handclaps [Palmas] – Barriga Blanca, El General
Bass – Alain Pérez (tracks: 1 to 5, 7 to 11)
Drums – Horacio "El Negro" Hernandez
Executive producer – Azules Y Moraos
Lead vocals, backing vocals – Buika
Mastered by – Alan Silverman
Mixed by – Pepe Loeches
Percussion, Backing Vocals, Handclaps [Palmas] – Ramón Porrina
Piano – José Reinoso (tracks: 1 to 4, 6 to 8, 10, 11)
Producer – Javier Limón
Recorded by – Salomé Limon
Strings – Manuel Martínez (2), Pere Bardagí
Trumpet – Jerry González
Vocals [Voz Flamenca Invitada] – Montse Cortés

References

Original song from Pepe Pinto (real name : José Torres Garzón, Sevilla, 1903-1969)

External links
Buika's Official Site
Buika Mi Niña Lola

2006 albums
Albums produced by Javier Limón
Concha Buika albums
Spanish-language albums


title: Orchard Limestone

text:
The Orchard Limestone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Limestone formations


title: Passage Formation

text:
The Passage Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Gullane Formation

text:
The Gullane Formation is a geological formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Visean stage (early Carboniferous period).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Lawmuir Formation

text:
The Lawmuir Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Top Hosie Shale

text:
The Top Hosie Shale is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Slate formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Tyne Limestone

text:
The Tyne Limestone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Limestone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Pettycur Volcanics

text:
The Pettycur Volcanics is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland


title: Horse Road Sandstone

text:
The Horse Road Sandstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland
Sandstone formations
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Wick Flagstone

text:
The Wick Flagstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Fred Kingston

text:
Frederick William Kingston (24 December 1855 – 30 January 1933) was an English clergyman, schoolmaster and cricketer who played a few first-class cricket matches for Cambridge University and amateur sides in 1878 and 1886. He was born in Oundle, Northamptonshire and died at Willington, Bedfordshire.

Fred Kingston was the eldest of seven brothers who played first-class cricket or other cricket just below first-class level – several of them, including Fred, played for Northamptonshire in years before and, in Hubert's case, just after the side's accession to first-class status in 1905. A right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper, Fred Kingston's first match while he was a student at Pembroke College, Cambridge, came for an England XI against the university side, and a few weeks later he played for a team calling itself "The Gentlemen of England" in a 12-a-side first-class match against Oxford University at Oxford in which he scored 61 in the middle order. He then appeared in three matches for the Cambridge University side, the final one of which was the 1878 University Match against Oxford, though he did not keep wicket in this game and batted low in the Cambridge line-up. That was the end of his first-class cricket apart from a single appearance for a "Cambridge Past and Present" side which played the Australians in 1886, when he batted at No 10 and kept wicket. He continued, however, to play lower grade cricket, mainly for Northamptonshire but also for Devon. In 1882, he captained the Northamptonshire side in their non-first-class match against the Australians.

Career outside cricket
Kingston was ordained as a Church of England clergyman after he graduated from Cambridge University and served from 1883 to 1886 as curate in a parish at Callington in Cornwall. In 1886, he moved back to Northamptonshire to become headmaster of Guilsborough Grammar School where he remained until 1910, at times combining his scholastic duties with curacies in local parishes. After 1910, he returned full-time to church work, and was vicar of Willington in Bedfordshire from 1913 until his death.

References

1855 births
1933 deaths
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
20th-century English Anglican priests


title: Thurso Flagstone

text:
The Thurso Flagstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland
Thurso


title: Sandwick Fish Beds

text:
The Sandwick Fish Beds is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Hillhead Formation

text:
The Hillhead Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Inshes Formation

text:
The Inshes Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Millbuie Sandstone

text:
The Millbuie Sandstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland
Sandstone formations


title: Furse Argillaceous Beds

text:
The Furse Argillaceous Beds is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Dryden Shale

text:
The Dryden Shale is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland
Slate formations


title: Thor: Son of Asgard (video game)

text:
Thor: Son of Asgard is a beat 'em up video game developed by Disney Mobile's Prague studio for iOS, based on Marvel Comics' Thor.

The story is based on a comics version of Thor. Cutscenes are made from comic book-styled animation. The character itself is on the other hand based on his movie version, his persona and the suit.

Gameplay
The player controls the character Thor. The game features a simple beat 'em up gameplay. The player fights hordes of enemies. His weapon is his hammer that can be used to hit enemies or block their attack. He can also use some combos including one hitting all enemies nearby by bolts of lightning.

Plot
Son of Asgard picks up in an alternate dimension of where the Thor film leaves off and sees the Odinson dealing with the fallout of Loki’s actions in his absence. The game follows Thor as he seeks to find out why his sister Sif has apparently betrayed Asgard and joined its enemies. His tasks lead him to a variety of worlds including for example Jotuheim and Alfeim. He has to face enemies including Dark Elves, Trolls, Frost Giants and the Midgard Serpent.

Reception
The game has received mixed to negative reviews. It was praised for its graphics but criticized for its gameplay. It was also praised for its vocal work and further look to the universe of Thor.

Most of the reviews criticised the game for being repetitive. This objection is linked to a lack of upgrades that some reviewers noted. Controls were also criticised for being frustrating and the combat system for lacking in depth, being only about button mashing. The animation was also criticised by some critics for being poor.

References

2011 video games
Beat 'em ups
IOS games
IOS-only games
Superhero video games
Video games based on Norse mythology
Video games based on Thor (Marvel Comics)
Video games developed in the Czech Republic
Single-player video games


title: Michalis Lountzis

text:
Michalis Lountzis (alternate spelling: Michail) (; born 4 August 1998) is a Greek professional basketball player for Olympiacos of the Greek Basket League (GBL) and the EuroLeague. He is a 1.98 m (6'6") tall point guard.

Early career
Lountzis started playing basketball in Zakynthos, where he is from. Lountzis was invited to the Next Generation Practices at the 2014 Adidas Eurocamp, in Treviso, Italy, and, earlier that year, to the Jordan Brand Classic International Tour. Lountzis played with Kronos Agiou Dimitriou in Greece's amateur level fourth division, in the 2013–14 season.

Professional career
On 23 June 2014, Lountzis signed a five-year deal with Panathinaikos of Greece's top-tier level Greek Basket League.  Lountzis made his professional debut at age 16, with Panathinaikos, on January 12, 2015, in a Greek Basket League victory over Panelefsiniakos.

He became the youngest player ever to play in the Greek Cup Final, when he played with Panathinaikos in their victory against Apollon Patras, in the 2015 Greek Cup Final, on April 5, 2015. He made his debut in the European-wide top-tier level EuroLeague, at the age of 16, on April 14, 2015, in a playoff game against CSKA Moscow.

On August 21, 2017, Lountzis was loaned to Trikala for the 2017–18 season. On July 27, 2018, Lountzis was loaned once more, this time to Lavrio for the 2018–19 season. On July 2, 2019, Lountzis was released from his contract with Panathinaikos after five years.

On August 5, 2019, Lountzis agreed to a new two-year (1+1) contract with Lavrio. He averaged 5.9 points, 2.6 rebounds and 1.25 assists per game. On July 24, 2020, Lountzis moved to Promitheas.

On July 6, 2021, he signed a three-year deal with Olympiacos.

National team career

Greek junior national team
Lountzis was the captain of the junior Greek Under-16 national team at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. He also played with Greece's junior national teams at the 2015 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, where he won a gold medal, and at the 2nd division 2016 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B, where he won a bronze medal. He also played at the 2017 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, where he won a gold medal.

Greek senior national team
Lountzis first became a member of the senior Greek national basketball team in 2018. He played with Greece at the 2019 FIBA World Cup qualification, and at the EuroBasket 2022.

Awards and accomplishments

Club career
3× Greek League Champion: (2017, 2022, 2023)
5× Greek Cup Winner: (2015, 2016, 2017, 2022, 2023)
2× Greek Super Cup Winner: (2020, 2022)

Greek junior national team
2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship:
2016 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B:
2017 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship:

See also
 List of youngest EuroLeague players

References

External links
Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Archive Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Hellenic Federation Profile
Greek Basket League Profile
Greek Basket League Profile
DraftExpress.com Profile
NBADraft.net Profile

1998 births
Living people
Aries Trikala B.C. players
Basketball players from Athens
Greek Basket League players
Greek men's basketball players
Lavrio B.C. players
Olympiacos B.C. players
Panathinaikos B.C. players
Promitheas Patras B.C. players
Point guards
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup players


title: Scalpa Sandstone

text:
The Scalpa Sandstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Jurassic Scotland
Sandstone formations


title: Staffin Bay Formation

text:
The Staffin Bay Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the
Callovian of the Middle Jurassic. It consists of two members, the lower Upper Ostrea Member, which consists of dark grey, fissile mudstone with a shelly limestone bed, and laminated and rippled sandstones. While the upper Belemnite Sands Member consists of medium-grained calcareous sandstones and siltstones

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Jurassic Scotland


title: Bearreraig Sandstone Formation

text:
The Bearreraig Sandstone Formation is a geological formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the lower to middle parts of the Jurassic period (Toarcian–Bajocian). The remains of the proximal portion of a right ulna and radius of an indeterminate thyreophoran dinosaur are known from the formation. The ichthyosaur Dearcmhara is also known from the formation.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Further reading
 R. M. Bateman, N. Morton, and B.L. Dower. 2000. Early Middle Jurassic plant communities in Northwest Scotland: Paleoecological and paleoclimatic significance. GeoResearch Forum 6:501-512

Geologic formations of Scotland
Jurassic System of Europe
Jurassic Scotland
Aalenian Stage
Bajocian Stage
Toarcian Stage
Sandstone formations
Shallow marine deposits
Paleontology in Scotland


title: Estheria Shales Formation

text:
The Estheria Shales Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Jurassic Scotland
Shale formations


title: Duntulm Formation

text:
The Duntulm Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation deposited in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. The formation was previously known as the 'Lower Ostrea Beds', and dates to the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic.  The formation is noted for its highly fossiliferous oyster beds, which compose of the species Praeexogyra hebridica.  The sedimentary sequence also forms part of the Great Estuarine Group.

Geology
The Duntulm Formation is noted for its oyster beds, composed of a shale or limestone matrix, and can range up to 2 m in thickness. The sedimentary sequence is also composed of fine sandstones, siltstones, and shales.  The sediment is constrained to the Bathonian stage based on palynomorph assemblages of dinoflagellate and green algae. Additional constraint to the mid-late Bathonian is achieved with the bivalve Praeexogyra.

The type section for the formation is exposed as a wave cut platform at Cairidh Ghlumaig (Duntulm), northwest Trotternish on the Isle of Skye. The exposure is noted for its lithological variety and accessibility. The first seven beds of the section denote the Upper Valtos Sandstone Formation, noted for an abundance of Neomiodon and Unio bivalves and an absence of oysters until bed 7 - the base of the Duntulm Formation. The remaining 48 beds mainly represent a marine-brackish palaeoenvironment, composed of algal and oyster beds.  The maximum thickness of the formation at Duntulm is approximated at 55 m, while 30 m is exposed.

Additional exposures of the Duntulm Formation in northern Skye (the Sea of the Hebrides basin) occur at An Corran (Staffin Bay), Kilmaluag Bay, and Loch Bay on Waternish.

In the Inner Hebrides basin, the formation is much thinner and occurs on Strathaird, the Isles of Eigg and Muck.

Palaeoenvironment
The sediment sequence records marine-brackish conditions within a transgressive lagoonal complex, succeeding the freshwater influence previously recorded in the Valtos Sandstone Formation. Four lithofacies are noted and each record different depositional regimes. Lithofacies 1-2 consists of argillaceous carbonate muds accumilated in the lee of oyster banks.  Lithofacies 3 represents algal marshes composed of supralittoral carbonate. Lithofacies 4 is composed of sandstones deposited by prograding deltas. The basin wide transition from marine-brackish to freshwater conditions is represented in lithofacies 5 - composed of terrestrial spores and pollen in muds and sands. During this time, the lagoonal complex became increasingly closed from marine influence and mudflat - as characterised in the succeeding Kilmaluag Formation.

Fossils

The Duntulm Formation is known for preserving a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. Indeed, its constraint as a marine/brackish palaeoenvironment was through the identification of marine bivalves, including Praeexogyra, Cuspidaria, and Modiolus. Marine gastropods include Procerithium and Globularia. Lithofacies 2 features infilled burrow traces including Diplocraterion, Thalassinoides and Monocraterion.  Fish remains and sharks teeth and fin spines are also common. Occasional carbonised plant remains can be found throughout the formation. A full assemblage description and interpretation can be found in Andrews and Walton (1990).

A series of Breviparopus sauropod tracks and narrow gauge trackways were identified in beds 9b, 34, and 35 in the type section at Cairidh Ghlumaig in 2015.  The tracks are characterised by their large size, and quadrupedal sequence of ovular shaped (anteriorly widening) pes and crescent shaped manus footprints. The tracks are thought to have been impressed while the substrate was submerged. The greatest concentration of tracks occur on a wave cut platform composed of bed 35 and are exposed during low tides. The clearest tracks preserve four digits. Most however resemble sequential hyporelief rock pools. A single possible ornithopod track was also recorded.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Jurassic Scotland
Bathonian Stage


title: Kilmaluag Formation

text:
The Kilmaluag Formation is a Middle Jurassic geologic formation in Scotland. It was formerly known as the Ostracod Limestone for preserving an abundance of fossil freshwater/low salinity ostracods. Gastropods, bivalves, trace fossil burrows, and vertebrate fossil remains have also been recorded from the formation. Vertebrate fossils include fish, crocodylomorphs, mammals, small reptiles, amphibians, theropod and sauropod dinosaurs and pterosaurs.

Geology
The Kilmaluag Formation was deposited during the Bathonian stage ~167 million years ago and is part of the Great Estuarine Group. Like other rock formations within the Great Estuarine Group, the Kilmaluag Formation is composed of a series of fine grained sandstones, silts, mudstones, and dolomitised limestones. The sediments were deposited in a freshwater influenced low salinity closed lagoonal palaeoenvironment subject to lagoon margin transgressions and regressions. During regressions, sediment abandonment ensued and is indicated by the deposition of dolomitised limestones, in which large desiccation cracks can be observed. In contrast, during transgressions, sediment influxes and increases in water depth led to the deposition of finer grained silts and muds. Occasional shoreline conditions are indicated by rippled sandstones.

The Kilmaluag Formation is divided into two facies: the clastic facies deposited in the Sea of the Hebrides basin of northern Skye, and argillaceous limestone facies present in the Inner Hebrides basin, present on the Straithaird peninsula, Isles of Eigg and Muck.

Fossils
In many beds, freshwater gastropods and bivalves can be found, including Viviparus and Unio, and freshwater ostracods such as Darwinula and Theriosynoecum.

Many vertebrate fossils have been recorded from the argillaceous facies of Straithaird since the 1970s, when the first mammal fossil were found by Michael Waldman. He returned with fellow palaeontologist Robert Savage and named two new species from the area: the Docodont Borealestes serendipitus, and the tritylodontid,
Stereognathus hebridicus (although S. hebridicus is now thought to be a junior synonym to S. ooliticus). Many other fossils are found in the Kilmaluag, including members of other Mesozoic mammal groups, turtles, reptiles, and amphibians. Notable vertebrate fossil recent discoveries in the Kilmaluag Formation include Palaeoxonodon ooliticus and Wareolestes rex. A notable dinosaur find includes the tooth of a sauropod dinosaur. The most recent scientifically pre-published find includes a pterosaur found in 2006.

Comparisons between the Kilmaluag Formation and other British and global Middle Jurassic localities suggest that the fauna represented is globally significant, due to the scarcity of similarly aged sediments. The fauna is a subset of the animals represented in the Forest Marble Formation in England, but fossils in the Kilmaliag Formation are substantially more complete.

Exposures of the Kilmaluag Formation are protected by law as SSSIs (Site of Special Scientific Interest) and under the new Scottish NCO (Nature Conservation Order), thus no public collection is permitted. Most fossils found to date are held in the collections of the National Museum of Scotland.

Vertebrate paleobiota

Amphibians

Turtles

Lepidosauromorphs

Choristoderes

Dinosaurs

Mammaliamorphs

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Jurassic Scotland
Bathonian Stage
Marl formations
Lagoonal deposits
Paleontology in Scotland


title: Dounans Limestone

text:
The Dounans Limestone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Limestone formations


title: Ladyburn Formation

text:
The Ladyburn Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: South Threave Formation

text:
The South Threave Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Llandeilo Formation

text:
The Llandeilo Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Middle Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Kirkcolm Formation

text:
The Kirkcolm Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Mill Formation

text:
The Mill Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Shalloch Formation

text:
The Shalloch Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Ardwell Farm Formation

text:
The Ardwell Farm Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Paleontology in Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Balclatchie Formation

text:
The Balclatchie Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Paleontology in Scotland
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Đinh Tự

text:
Mũ Đinh Tự (Chữ Hán: 帽丁字) also known as mũ chữ đinh, mũ Nhục. It is a type of hat with the shape of the letter Đinh (丁) was a type of hat worn in Vietnam throughout the Lê dynasty and fell out of favor in the 19th century. It used to be widely worn by gentlemen and military officers. Nowadays it can still be seen at local festivals.

Images

Vietnamese culture
Vietnamese headgear


title: Craighead Limestone

text:
The Craighead Limestone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Limestone formations
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Stinchar Limestone

text:
The Stinchar Limestone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Limestone formations


title: Croisaphuill Formation

text:
The Croisaphuill Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Further reading
 D.H. Evans. 2011. The Lower Ordovician cephalopod faunas of the Durness Group, North-West Scotland. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 165:1-131

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Ordovician northern paleotemperate deposits


title: Mauchline Volcanic Formation

text:
The Mauchline Volcanic Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Permian Scotland


title: Bourla Theatre

text:
Bourla Theatre (also known as Bourlaschouwburg) is a theatre located in Antwerp that seats around 900.  The building is designed in a neoclassical style on the site of the former Tapissierspand tapestry market.  The theatre was designed on request from the city in 1827 by the city architect Pierre Bourla. Construction began in 1829, but was delayed due to the Belgian Revolution.  The theatre was finally finished in 1834 and opened under the name, Grand Théâtre or Théâtre Royal Français, on account of its ownership by a French company.  Presently, the Bourla houses the theatre company Het Toneelhuis, which is a merger of the companies, Koninklijke Nederlandse Schouwburg and Blauwe Maandag Compagnie.

The Bourla is the last remaining municipal theatre in Europe with original stage machinery, which fill five levels above and below the stage.  The building has been named a protected building since 1938, and therefore is regarded among the most important historic buildings in Belgium.

References

External links
 Website van de Bourlaschouwburg

Theatres in Belgium
Buildings and structures in Antwerp
Tourist attractions in Antwerp
Culture in Antwerp
7 Most Endangered Programme


title: Penkill Formation

text:
The Penkill Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Ubojite misli

text:
Ubojite misli () is a 2006 Croatian short film directed by Stanka Gjurić. The film was shot on location in Zagreb.

Summary
The devastating consequences of War started 1991 in former Yugoslavia, where unexploded Land mines in Croatia are still pose a daily threat to life, seen through reaction of a dog. Author show us through the terrorized look of her dog Hooper, how the sun of shell burst has indelibly marked the dog's memory. That nothing may be forgotten.

Reception
Exceptional reception by the audience in Festival of the First in Zagreb (a competition for artists in which they should represent the works of art, that are not within the domain of their creativity) result that people came every day to watch the film in a gallery in which, among other works, it was exposed all day. This event instigate the author to send film to film festivals.
That is how the film Ubojite misli started its journey: through participating in Short Film Corner in Cannes Film Festival, through Toronto (Canada), Film Festival in Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Italy, Greece, Portugal, Switzerland, again France, Spain...

A member of the International jury at the 5. Mostar Film Festival (2007) when the film won 1st Award, Valentina Mindoljević commented Award: The decision was unanimous, and all the members of the jury agreed that the film of Stanka Gjurić significantly stands out with its originality. Everything else has already been seen.
At the AluCine Film Festival in Toronto, to elucidate the award, Andres La Rota (one of the judges) said that the film is poetic, deeply emotional and upsetting.

References

External links

2006 films
2000s Croatian-language films
Films shot in Croatia
Works about the Croatian War of Independence
2006 short films
Films about dogs
Croatian short films


title: Kip Burn Formation

text:
The Kip Burn Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period. This formation is main part of fossil site called Dunside.

Paleobiota

Arthropods

Chordates

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Patrick Burn Formation

text:
The Patrick Burn Formation is a Silurian aged geologic formation outcropping near Lesmahagow in Lanarkshire in the Scottish Lowlands. Fossils are known from the formation, including from the Birk Knowes locality.

Description
According to the British Geological Survey, the primary lithology of the formation consists of "Alternating beds of grey feldspathic, medium-grained turbiditic sandstone and grey siltstone with beds of grey laminated siltstone and silty mudstone." The Birk Knowes site contains fossils from non-marine or marginal marine environment. In 2000, Birk Knowes was closed by the Scottish government agency Scottish Natural Heritage (now NatureScot), due to the theft of specimens from the site by amateur collectors during the preceding decades, who essentially exhausted the fossiliferous deposit. At least some of the fossils ended up in a museum in Berlin, who refused to return them.

Paleobiota

Arthropods

Chordates

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits

External links

 Birk Knowes affairs archive


title: Saugh Hill Grits

text:
The Saugh Hill Grits is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Cowie Formation

text:
The Cowie Formation is geological formation located on the Highland Boundary Fault between the fishing village of Cowie and Ruthery Head, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Age of this formation is controversial, that was originally estimated at the Middle Silurian, Wenlock to Ludlow, but zircon geochronology shows the Early Devonian, Lochkovian instead. In study published in 2023, according to spore microfossils and additional zircon data, the Middle Silurian, late Wenlock age is suggested again. This formation preserves fossils, including a millipedes such as Pneumodesmus and Cowiedesmus that were discovered by Mike Newman in 2001, and some agnathan like Cowielepis.

Geological History

The sandstones and mudstones that form the outcrops along the coast were mostly laid down by braided rivers crossing a semi-arid, low-relief landscape.

One particularly exciting find was made here in 2003 when a fragment of a fossil millipede was identified as the earliest known air-breathing animal in the world. It is celebrated in a display board on the seafront at Cowie.

One unusual feature of these layered sedimentary rocks is that they are tilted to the southeast at a very steep angle and therefore are seen edge on in the outcrops on the foreshore and is formally known as the Strathmore Syncline. When these layers are followed southeast for several kilometers, the degree of tilting towards the southeast is seen to decrease until the layers are almost horizontal and then steepen again as they begin to tilt towards the northwest, thus defining a broad U-shaped fold in the rock strata known as a syncline.

The tilting of the strata took place when two regions of the Earth's lithosphere (the relatively rigid outer layer of the planet, which includes the crust and uppermost Mantle) were subjected to strong compressive forces over a long period. This took place between about 500 and 400 million years ago when two plates were in collision, bringing together the ancient continents of Avalonia and Laurentia. One consequence of this collision was the buckling of the thick deposits of sedimentary rocks that had, at that time, recently accumulated in this northern part of the Midland Valley.

Paleobiota
According to these references otherwise noted.

Vertebrates

Aquatic arthropods

Terrestrial arthropods

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits
Devonian southern paleotropical deposits

Devonian Scotland


title: Slot Burn Formation

text:
The Slot Burn Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Mulloch Hill Sandstone

text:
The Mulloch Hill Sandstone is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland
Sandstone formations
Silurian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Strathclyde Group

text:
The Strathclyde Group is a geological group found in the Midland Valley of Scotland. It preserves fossils of the Visean age (early Carboniferous period).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Carboniferous System of Europe
Carboniferous Scotland


title: Arbuthnott Group

text:
The Arbuthnott Group was a geologic group formerly recognised in Scotland but now superseded by the Arbuthnott-Garvock Group. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Bu Ness Group

text:
The Bu Ness Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Observatory Group

text:
The Observatory Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Devonian System of Europe
Devonian Scotland


title: Warner & Sons

text:
For the bell-founding family, see John Warner & Sons.

Warner & Sons (also Warner and Sons) was a British textile manufacturer specialising in silk for the furnishing industry. It wove the coronation robes for both Edward VII and Elizabeth II and had associations with some of the leading textile designers and artists of the 19th and 20th centuries.

History
The firm was established in the historic silk weaving neighbourhood of Spitalfields, London in 1870 and was known under a variety of different names – including Warner, Sillet & Ramm – during its early years. Founder Benjamin Warner, a jacquard weaver, was from a family that had been in the silk industry since at least the 17th century.

Warner wove high quality silks using traditional designs and began supplying royalty around 1880. Some five years earlier, the company had diversified into popular fabrics such as worsted, lampas, brocade and velvet – the move into velvet production was particularly useful for building its reputation. It acquired the company of Charles Norris & Co in 1885, which meant Warner held a royal warrant as supplier of silks and velvets to the royal households; it also supplied stately homes, palaces and embassies internationally. It became known formally as Warner & Sons in 1891, when Benjamin Warner's sons Alfred and Frank joined the business.

Warner & Sons moved to Braintree, Essex in 1895, joining other well known companies located in the town such as Courtaulds, and taking over buildings already used by the silk industry.

20th-century developments
By the start of the 20th century, Warner & Sons' reputation for silk furnishing fabric was cemented. It expanded in the early decades, moving into powerweaving in 1919 and operating an office in Paris from 1919 to 1926, as well as taking its products into the United States. To meet demand for both modern and traditional designs, it acquired the textile block printing firm of Dartford Print Works in Dartford, Kent in 1926–7.

1930s designs
In 1928, Frank Warner's son-in-law Ernest Goodale (later Sir Ernest Goodale) joined the board, becoming managing director in 1930. Two years later, Alec Hunter took charge of the design studio and extended the use of freelance designers as well as combining modern weaves with traditional skills, such as brocading. Fabrics for the Royal Institute of British Architects' headquarters and the University of London Senate House were among the major commissions during this period.

Post-war years
After the war, Warner & Sons developed a reputation for innovation, thanks in part to the arrival of leading textile designer Marianne Straub in 1950 and her colleague Frank Davies in 1951. Straub was to remain with Warner until her retirement in 1970. One of her most famous early designs for Warner was Surrey, a textile that featured in the Festival of Britain in 1951 and was used in the Regatta Restaurant. Based on the crystalline structure of afwillite, it was chosen as representative of textiles of the early post-war period. During this era, Warner & Sons was still renowned for its high-quality silks and velvets – weaving the coronation robes for Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, as well as the Queensway Coronation Silk that was hung from the balcony of Westminster Abbey during the coronation ceremony. Warner & Sons also created many designs for the Ministry of Works destined for public spaces such as schools and polytechnics.

From 1964, Warner & Sons wove designs created by Straub and Davies for Isabel Tisdall's Tamesa Fabrics. Choosing Warner gave Tamesa the flexibility to create short runs, custom die to design briefs and add special finishes such as protective and fireproof coatings. With a focus on the vibrant commercial market, these designs were championed by influential architects of the time such as Milner Gray and Misha Black and were subsequently to appear on everything from seats on BEA's Trident aircraft to the interiors of the QE2.

Weaving ceased at the company's Braintree location in 1971, but under the stewardship of John Tibbitts (Frank Warner's grandson), Warner & Sons oversaw production of high-end chintz for London companies such as Colefax & Fowler and US firms such as Lee Jofa and Brunschwig and Fils.

Design legacy
Warner & Sons closed at the end of March 1990. In the years leading up to this, Tibbitts had worked to save a vast archive of fabric samples, paper designs and other documentation. Archivists were employed in 1976 and various educational activities provided access to the archive.

After transfers of the Warner & Sons brand and archive holdings to new ownership, and a threat that the collection might be lost, it was saved by £2.7m funding that included support from local and national government, The Art Fund and the Clothworkers' Foundation, enabling it to pass into the ownership of Braintree District Museum Trust. It is now housed in the original mill building in Braintree as the Warner Textile Archive.

Designs in the archive span two centuries and, alongside the work of Marianne Straub, Frank Davies and Alec Hunter, it includes work by artists such as Augustus Pugin, William Morris, Walter Crane, Vanessa Bell, Howard Hodgkin, Edward Bawden, Hans Tisdall, Graham Sutherland and Lynton Lamb.

References

External links
British Pathé film showing Warner's staff weaving the Queen's coronation robes in 1952
BBC's A History of the World showing Queensway Coronation Silk designed by Robert Godden and woven by Warner & Sons
Wellcome Trust interview with Mary Schoeser about Festival of Britain designs, featuring Warner & Sons design by Marianne Straub
Warner & Sons' holding at Victoria & Albert Museum

Manufacturing companies established in 1870
1870 establishments in England
Manufacturing companies of England
Design companies of the United Kingdom
Textile manufacturers of England
British brands
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies based in London
Companies based in Essex
British companies established in 1870


title: Ardwell Group

text:
The Ardwell Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland
Paleontology in Scotland


title: Drummock Group

text:
The Drummock Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland


title: Whitehouse Group

text:
The Whitehouse Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Ordovician System of Europe
Ordovician Scotland


title: Newlands Group

text:
The Newlands Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Penkill Group

text:
The Penkill Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Priesthill Group

text:
The Priesthill Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Saugh Hill Group

text:
The Saugh Hill Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Stonehaven Group

text:
The Stonehaven Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period. Fossils of cryptospores, such as the hilate cryptospore Hispanaediscus lamontii, have been found in this geologic group, along with miospores and other plant fragments.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Waterhead Group

text:
The Waterhead Group is a geologic group in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Scotland

References

Geological groups of the United Kingdom
Geologic formations of Scotland
Silurian System of Europe
Silurian Scotland


title: Maine South

text:
Maine South  () is a townland in the Barony of Orrery and Kilmore in County Cork, Ireland. It is contained within the civil parish of Kilbolane, within the Poor law union of Kanturk, and within the electoral division of Newtown, in the local electoral area of Fermoy. It is located on the R515 road, midway between the villages of Milford and Newtownshandrum.

References

Townlands of County Cork


title: Glencar Formation

text:
The Glencar Formation is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Carboniferous Northern Ireland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Maydown Limestone

text:
The Maydown Limestone is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Carboniferous Northern Ireland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Carrickaness Sandstone

text:
The Carrickaness Sandstone is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Carboniferous Northern Ireland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Blackwater Limestone

text:
The Blackwater Limestone is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Carboniferous Northern Ireland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Blackstokes Limestone

text:
The Blackstokes Limestone is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Carboniferous Northern Ireland
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Bardahessiagh Formation

text:
The Bardahessiagh Formation is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It has been described from a locality lying about 3 km NNE of Pomeroy, south of Craigbardahessiagh. It is now known as comprising the former ‘Bardahessiagh Formation’, or Bardahessiagh Beds and the ‘Junction Beds’ that is underlain by a stratigraphical unit not recognised, until fieldwork by the Ulster Museum staff in 1992. The Bardahessiagh Formation is divided into three units, but the summit of the formation is not known. Field evidence indicates that the local top of the formation is characterised by a thrust contact with the Killey Bridge and Tirnaskea Formation (upper Katian and Hirnantian, respectively), exposed south of the Well Field, which lies 650 metres SSW of Craigbardahessiagh.

Constraints on the age of the formation is based on the brachiopod faunas and an upper Sandbian to lower Katian age has been proposed.

The Bardahessiagh Formation preserves a diverse and well-preserved assemblage of fossils. Only the brachiopods, cephalopods, bivalves  and kilbuchophyllid corals  have been systematically described.

Based on the brachiopod faunas, the Bardahessiagh Formation has been interpreted as deposited in a transgressive regime, below storm-wave base environments, peaking in the second unit, with the presence of typical Sericoidea association (Candela 2001, 2006).

The integrity of the formation is currently endangered by excavation by locals using trenchers to dig irrigation ditches.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Ordovician Northern Ireland
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Killey Bridge Formation

text:
The Killey Bridge Formation is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland

References

Ordovician Northern Ireland
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Tirnaskea Formation

text:
The Tirnaskea Formation is a geologic formation in Northern Ireland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Northern Ireland
Geography of Ireland
Ireland

References

Ordovician Northern Ireland
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits


title: Mark Finlay

text:
Mark Clayton Finlay (born 10 May 1963) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He was educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School, where he was a member of the 1st XV between 1979 and 1981. A fullback, Finlay represented Manawatu and North Harbour at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1984. He played two matches for the All Blacks where he scored a total of 18 points (2 tries, 5 conversions), but made no test appearances.

References

1963 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Palmerston North
People educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Manawatu rugby union players
North Harbour rugby union players
Rugby union fullbacks
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Italy
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Expatriate rugby union players in Japan
New Zealand businesspeople


title: Doxastic voluntarism

text:
Doxastic voluntarism is a philosophical view that people elect their own beliefs; that is, that subjects have a certain amount of control over what they believe, such that a subject may choose whether or not to believe a certain thing. This philosophical view is derived from a branch of logic known as doxastic logic; however, as opposed to other philosophical views on belief, doxastic voluntarism claims each human agent as the author of their own beliefs. Doxastic voluntarism falls under the branch of philosophy known as ethics of belief.

Philosophers distinguish two types of doxastic voluntarism: direct doxastic voluntarism and indirect doxastic voluntarism. Direct doxastic voluntarism being that the person has control over some of their beliefs (e.g. an individual changes his belief from theism to atheism) and indirect doxastic voluntarism is that the person has unintended control, through voluntary intermediate actions, over some of their beliefs (e.g. researching and unintentionally evaluating the evidence).

References

See also
 "The Ethics of Belief" at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Ethical theories
Belief