title: Imperia Online

text:
Imperia Online is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the Bulgarian game production company Imperia Online JSC. It was originally released on 23 August 2005.

Set in a medieval world, Imperia Online is a predominantly militaristic strategy game.
Imperia Online has been translated into 30 languages and has over 40 million registered users.  The game is currently in its seventh version, but there are still active previous realms (such as Version 5).

Gameplay
Imperia Online is set in the Medieval times. The current version is 7, although there are still active version 5 realms as well. Each player starts the game as the emperor of an undeveloped Province. The Province can be developed by constructing - and later upgrading – various economic and military buildings amongst which resource-generating buildings as well as universities, used for researching key technologies. Recruiting and training military units allows players to attack other Provinces to plunder their resources, and defend from enemy attacks. Players may trade their resources with other players after they've built a marketplace on their own territory. The Province grows into an empire through territory annexing and colonizing. Players can communicate with each other using in-game messages, and may join alliances for military and economic co-operation with other players.

Resources
Resources are needed for developing Provinces and training units. Three of them – Wood, Iron and Stone – are produced by resource-generating buildings: Lumber mill, Iron mine and Stone quarry. The resource output can be increased by upgrading the three resource-generating structures, so that new work vacancies are created and, thus, the possibility for increased production. The fourth main resource is Gold. It is used for almost any type of research, military training and building development. It is also the universal currency for buying and selling all three other types of resources. Gold is gathered through taxes, selling resources on the Marketplace, fortress sieges, deposit interests, and as one of the possible rewards from the various caskets awarded in the game. There are also the so-called 'Special resources' that can be found throughout the realm. There are more than 50 types of special resources and their main purpose is granting bonuses to various in-game statistics like resource production, military units, experience gain, etc.

Buildings
There are 29 structures that can be built and upgraded in the capital. Buildings are constructed and upgraded through a main building, called Town hall. The Town hall is the building every player starts the game with. The two main types of buildings are separated in tabs 'Economy' and 'Military'. Each building has a special function. For example, the two universities that make possible the development of Military and Economic technologies.

Provinces
Each Province starts as a single village that the player takes control of. Through building, research and battle progression the Province grows on the Global map, later annexing territories that turn into provinces of the original one, known as a Capital by that time. The development of the provinces is similar to what the player has gone through with the capital – buildings have to be built and upgraded, the population has to be predisposed to growing and kept happy and the resources and military units can be used by the entire Province. There are some disadvantages that provinces have compared to the Capital: universities for example can't be constructed on Province territory, same goes for the Palace, Headquarters, Gubernatorial headquarters, Bank, Wonders and so on. Colonization is one of the ways to expand your Empire's territory on the Global map.

Alliances
The Alliances in Imperia Online are groups of players sharing their own strategy with each other. Alliance members donate resources into the alliance treasury, which are used for researching technologies, waging wars, building alliance holdings, cultural and military influence expansion, etc. Allies can support each other in an economic and military way via gold transfer module. Alliances are ranked in a separate ranking based thoroughly on the total sum of all members’ net worth points.

Battles

Imperia Online's battle system is rich and complex, despite being built with five main types of military units only. The five main categories of units are Swordsmen, Spearmen, Archers, Cavalry and Siege Engines. The battle system requires skill, tactical thinking and the usage of the correct battle formation, as each battle's outcome is determined automatically upon the impact and the armies cannot be controlled directly. There are three types of attacks: Field Battle, Fortress Siege and Pillage. The first one sends the troops to fight only with the opponent's field army, without sieging the Fortress or pillaging the civil population. The only profit for the attacker are military points for slashing enemy units and honor points. Fortress siege is conducted after a successful Field battle for the attacker. A successful Fortress siege loots resources. If the player chooses Pillage, their troops engage the opponent's civil population. Gold is earned for every killed villager. It's punished with Honor drop.

The Great People
The Great People feature was introduced with the eponymous Version 6 of the game. It added the concept of Noblemen – the Emperor and his court, which can gain experience and level up in two distinct disciplines. The Governor skills generally boost the resource and troop production in a province, while General skills improve your battle capabilities.  Furthermore, each of the Great People comes with their own inborn talents, and a careful selection of one's Emperor's hereditary line allows you to always keep the crown in the hands of the most suitable people. In 2018 Dungeons were introduced in the game. If a battle is lost by the player there is a chance their general to be captured by the opposite army.

Winning the Realm
Since the start of the version 5 of the game the winner of the Realm was determined by the Alliance competition. During that competition the alliances were trying to conquer the castles and control the influence these castles were projecting. At least 60% influence of the entire Global map territory for a set number of hours (depending on the speed of the Realm) were required, so a victory could be secured. After the Alliance winner in the competition had been determined, the era was finished.

As of 2016 all the eras in all realms of Imperia Online finish on a fixed date, announced in front by the game system. The winner of the Realm is the Alliance that has the highest percentage of influence up to that final date or the highest allied net worth points value, if no one has influence.

Global Events
The Global Events are epic challenges which Imperia Online offers to its players. The colossal structures have appeared for the first time in Version 6 and require an enormous amount of skill to be defeated. The Dark Fortress, The Skull of Wonders, The Tower of Knowledge and The Eternal Castle are just part of the events, which unite entire realms to conquer them.

Hall of Fame
In 2018 Hall of Fame was introduced. The feature contains the history of all eras in all realms of Imperia Online in the last decades. Each visitor of the main page is able to browse the game's entire history and see who were the top performing players and alliances even for a specific realm.

Development
In January 2005, the idea for the game is conceived by Dobroslav Dimitrov, who is responsible for the game design, and Moni Dochev, responsible for the coding on the project.

On August 23, Imperia Online's Realm 1 goes live.

In 2006, Version 2 and Version 3 realms launched simultaneously, running parallel with V1 and offering alternative rules and gameplay to cater to different player tastes. The game was translated in 12 languages, not in small part thanks to the efforts of Community Managers appointed from among the Imperia Online player ranks.  The first Imperia Online tournament is held.

In 2008, another upgrade is launched: Version 4, which serves as a prototype of Version 5. With even more complex and enriched gameplay, V4 would also later receive a significant visual upgrade, dubbed Version 4A. The same year, in the V4 realms, the very first of the emblematic Nomad Invasions tournaments is introduced.

In 2010, Version 5, Age of Conquest, is launched. It introduces new visuals and features, chief amongst them – the addition of a second playable race, the Nomads.

In 2011, the Nomad Invasions tournament, with customized rules, comes to the Age of Conquest realms.  Also, for the first time the Imperia Online World Cup is held.

In 2012, the first Tactical Realm and Mega Blitz realms are implemented, offering an additional challenge for experienced players.  Imperia Online V5 launches on iOS.  Imperia Online World Cup 2012 is held.

In 2013, Imperia Online is integrated in the largest Russian social network, Odnoklassniki. The last IO World Cup based on Version 5 is held. Version 5 is integrated in my.mail.ru and launches on Android.

That same year Version 6, The Great People is launched, with complete graphics and usability overhaul, extended and improved mechanics, and new features, chief amongst them – the addition of the eponymous Great People.

In 2014, V6 launches on iOS and Android, and is also integrated with Facebook. That same year the game is available on portals such as Yahoo, ProSieben, WildTangent, Grupa Onet and RBK Gаmes. Imperia Online improves the partnership with Mail Ru Group by integrating Version 6 in Odnoklassniki, my.mail.ru and Vkontakte.

In 2015, Imperia Online for Windows Phone is published by Game Troopers and featured Xbox title by Microsoft. The game offers new epic challenges with its new Global Events such as The Dark Fortress and The Skull of Wonders. 10th Anniversary of the classical Imperia Online tournament "Nomads Invasions" is held. For the first time, the game has winter outlook at the end of the year.

In 2016, a new feature - the Imperial Shop is introduced, where various goods like Experience Boosters, Civil and Military Buildings and Research Time Reduction, Army Strength Upgrades and other exclusive offers can be found. The most challenging Blitz Masters Realm with a ruleset that makes the gameplay extremely competitive is implemented. That same year, Imperia Online is greenlit by the world's largest online platform Steam. Also, the first Imperia Online Olympic Tournament - Summer Games 2016 is held.

In 2017, Imperia Online is published by Play 3arabi under the name of Kingdoms Online, available on both iOS and Android, fully localized in Arabic and with culturally customized content, including game soundtrack and art. That same year, Imperia Online integrates ClanPlay - a messaging app, that allows players to communicate, plan their strategies, recruit newcomers, engage in diplomacy with other clans, and share their accomplishments.

Tournaments
Imperia Online holds various tournaments. So far there have been 8 types of tournaments: Nomad Invasions, Champions League, Castle Conquest, Dominion Rush, Imperial Olympics - Summer and Winter Games and World Cup.

References

2005 video games
Android (operating system) games
Browser games
IOS games
Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy games
Browser-based multiplayer online games
Video games developed in Bulgaria
Windows games
Windows Phone games
Imperia Online JSC games


title: Epichorista armigera

text:
Epichorista armigera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1956
Epichorista


title: Joshua Irungu

text:
Joshua Wakahora Irungu (born 2 February 1970) is a Kenyan politician and community development specialist. He was appointed to the position of Chairperson of Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB) in Feb 2019. He is the first and third governor of the County of Laikipia first serving from 2013 to 2017, representing the Jubilee Coalition party TNA and securing a return running on a UDA ticket in 2022.

Education
Joshua Irungu holds a master's degree in Agriculture and Rural Development in addition to a bachelor's degree in Resource Management from Egerton University.

Career
Up until the year 2000, Joshua Irungu was a civil servant in Kenya's Ministry of Agriculture. He was in charge of Agriculture and Livestock Development officers in charge of Laikipia West and Nyahururu divisions of what was then Laikipia District. He resigned from government and joined USAID, for whom he was in charge of the International Small Group and Tree planting programme(ISGTPP).
In total he has over 15 years experience in Community Development programmes in Laikipia County.

2013 General Elections
Joshua Irungu, and his running mate Josephat Kabugi Gitonga won the 2013 Gubernatorial election in Laikipia County by a landslide, having secured the nomination of the National Alliance party earlier in the year.

Governorship Tenure
Joshua Irungu's tenure as governor ran into controversy due to his association with a move by Kenyan politicians calling for the evicting of white settlers from the country. He was said to have demanded the departure of settlers of British origin from Laikipia County for 'failure to support deferral of cases facing President Uhuru Kenyatta and his deputy William Ruto at the international Criminal Court' a statement for which he later apologized.

2017 General Elections
Joshua Irungu was narrowly defeated in the 2017 Governor's race by Independent candidate Ndiritu Muriithi.

2022 General Elections
In the 2022 general elections Joshua Irungu, running as the United Democratic Alliance party candidate of the Kenya Kwanza alliance, won back the governorship of Laikipia from Nderitu Muriithi. He garnered  113,783 votes while Muriithi, who was vying on a Jubilee ticket under Azimio la Umoja coalition came second with 48,563 votes.

Family
Joshua Irungu is married to Grace Wakahora and a father of three sons and a daughter.

References

External links
 http://kenyalaw.org/kenya_gazette/gazette/notice/200578
 Council of Governors page
 Official Facebook page

1970 births
County Governors of Kenya
Living people
Kikuyu people
People from Laikipia County


title: Cyrtodactylus cracens

text:
Cyrtodactylus cracens is a species of gecko endemic to island of Sri Lanka.

Habitat and distribution
Cyrtodactylus cracens is known from and around the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.

Description
Cyrtodactylus cracens can grow to a snout–vent length of at least . Dorsal tubercles are flattened, and claws long. Scales under fourth toe 7–10. Mental subtriangular, midbody scale rows 26–32. About 6–8 rows of dorsal tubercles at midbody. Scales on venter imbricate to subimbricate, with rounded posterior edges. A single series of 5 pre-anal pores in a shallow pre-cloacal depression.

Ecology and diet
Inhabits small, cave-like rocky areas adjoining forest streams as well as tree trunks in forests and a cardamon plantation (former C. subsolanus).

References

Cyrtodactylus
Reptiles of Sri Lanka
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Reptiles described in 2005


title: Burkhart-Dibrell House

text:
The Burkhart-Dibrell House, also known as Monrean House, is a historic house at 500 Main Street in Ketchikan, Alaska. This three story wood-frame house was built in 1904 by H. Z. Burkart, the founder of Ketchikan Spruce Mills, and is the only significant surviving Queen Anne style house in Ketchikan. It occupies a prominent position at the head of Main Street, and has long been a local landmark. In 1916, the house was purchased by Captain Walter Dibrell, Superintendent of Lighthouses for all of Alaska. The house's most prominent feature is its turret with conical roof and gold spire.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska

References

1904 establishments in Alaska
Houses in Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Ketchikan, Alaska
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
Queen Anne architecture in Alaska
Houses completed in 1904


title: Vesioly Kut

text:
Vesioly Kut, or Vesely Kut, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to between 4300-4000 BC. The settlement was very large for the time, covering an area of . This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni–Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. Some 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000–2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.

See also
 Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
 Danubian culture

References

Cucuteni–Trypillia culture


title: Trichomycterus anhanga

text:
Trichomycterus anhanga is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Brazil, where it occurs in the Amazon river basin in the state of Amazonas. This species reaches a maximum length of  SL.

References

Further reading

External links

anhanga
Fish of South America
Fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2012


title: Andrew Miller (executive)

text:
Andrew Arthur Miller (born 10 July 1966) is a British accountant and business executive. He was the chief executive officer of the Guardian Media Group from 2010 to 2015. He previously served as Chief Financial Officer of the Trader Media Group from 2004 to 2009, and of the Guardian Media Group from 2009 to 2010.

References

1966 births
Living people
British accountants
British chief executives
Place of birth missing (living people)
Chief financial officers


title: Myropillya

text:
Myropillya, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to 4300–4000 BC. The settlement was very large for the time, covering an area of . This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni–Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. Some 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000–2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.

See also
 Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
 Danubian culture

References

Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
Prehistoric sites in Ukraine


title: Yu Yongfu

text:
Yu Yongfu (; born 18 August 1976) is a Chinese entrepreneur and chief executive of UCWeb Inc., a Chinese mobile Internet and software service best known for its popular UC Browser.

Born in Inner Mongolia, China, Yu later moved with his parents to Tianjin, where he attended Nankai University and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Business Management. In early 2001, he joined the venture capital firm Legend Capital as founding employee and worked his way up to vice president.

He joined UCWeb in 2006 as chief executive officer. During his tenure, the company has expanded from 6 employees and a single product to about 3000 employees and diversified product offerings.

Yu is also the president of Alibaba UC mobile business group, an entity incorporated after UCWeb was fully acquired by Alibaba Group in June 2014 in the largest Chinese internet M&A deal.

References

1976 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Inner Mongolia
Alibaba Group people
21st-century Chinese businesspeople
Nankai University alumni


title: Listed buildings in Twemlow

text:
Twemlow is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England.  It contains nine buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  Apart from the village of Twemlow Green, the parish is rural.  The listed buildings, other than one, are two country houses, one of which has been converted into a school, and structures associated with them.  The exception is a timber-framed cottage that has been moved from elsewhere. Twemlow Viaduct, part of which is in the parish, is listed under Holmes Chapel.

Key

Buildings

See also

Listed buildings in Holmes Chapel
Listed buildings in Goostrey
Listed buildings in Lower Withington
Listed buildings in Swettenham
Listed buildings in Brereton
Listed buildings in Cranage

References
Citations

Sources

Listed buildings in the Borough of Cheshire East
Lists of listed buildings in Cheshire


title: Peter Deunov

text:
Peter Dunov ( ;  ; July 11, 1864 – December 27, 1944), also known by his spiritual name Beinsa Douno ( ), and often called the Master by his followers, was a Bulgarian philosopher and spiritual teacher who developed a form of Esoteric Christianity known as the Universal White Brotherhood. He is widely known in Bulgaria, where he was voted second by the public in the Great Bulgarians TV show on Bulgarian National Television (2006-2007). Dunov is also featured in Pantev and Gavrilov's The 100 Most Influential Bulgarians in Our History (ranked in 37th place). According to Petrov, Peter Dunov is “the most published Bulgarian author to this day.”

Biography

Early life
Peter Dunov was born in the village of Hadardja (now Nikolaevka in Suvorovo Municipality) near Varna, Bulgaria on July 11, 1864, the third child of Konstantin Dunoffsky and Dobra Atanasova Georgieva. His father was the first Bulgarian teacher in the region before becoming a Bulgarian Orthodox priest. He was one of the first to present the liturgy in Bulgarian, the language of the local people, rather than the traditional sacred language of Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian).

Dunov attended secondary school in Varna and the American Methodist School of Theology and Science in Svishtov, from which he graduated in 1886. He worked as a primary school teacher for a year before leaving for the United States, where he studied theology at Drew Theological Seminary in Madison, New Jersey, from 1888 to May 1892. After graduating from Drew, in the fall of 1892 he enrolled in the Boston University School of Theology and obtained his degree in June 1893 with a thesis on "The Migration of the Germanic Tribes and Their Christianisation" (published in 2007). He was a regular student at the School of Medicine of Boston University for a year, before returning to Bulgaria in 1895.

Return to Bulgaria
Upon his return to Bulgaria Dunov was offered the position of a Methodist pastor in the city of Yambol. This offer was withdrawn after he stipulated he would only serve without remuneration. In 1896 he published Science and Education, in which he analyzed the development of mankind into a new culture, which he thought was bound to take place during the forthcoming century. After the turn of the century, Dunov began to travel throughout Bulgaria for several years, giving talks and undertaking phrenological research. He met with a wide circle of people. Among them were his first three disciples, who had belonged to different branches of Christianity – Todor Stoimenov (Eastern Orthodox), Dr. Mirkovich (Catholic) and Penyu Kirov (Protestant). After a long correspondence, all of them met in Varna during 19–23 July 1900. It is considered the first annual convention of what later became a spiritual community that lasted until the end of Dunov's life. Dunov eventually settled in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, and began giving lectures.

In 1914 he gave his first public lecture, Behold, the Man! (Ecce Homo in Latin), published later in the series Power and Life. Dunov began to give regular Sunday lectures which were based on the elaboration and explanation of a Biblical passage.

In 1921 the community Izgrev (Sunrise) was established. A site at what were then the outskirts of Sofia, it was the gathering place in the mornings for Dunov and his disciples. Many followers started building nearby and the place eventually became the center of a large spiritual community. Dunov gave lectures in the newly constructed Lecture Hall. In 1922 he initiated two new streams of specialized lectures in addition to the Sunday lectures, and from 1930 began delivering “morning talks” on Sunday mornings before dawn. The themes of the different lecture streams were wide-ranging and encompassed, among others: religion, music, geometry, astrology, philosophy and esoteric science. Overall, Dunov gave approximately 3700 lectures in the three decades between 1914 and 1944. His thoughts were also recorded in talks, private conversations, and early letters.

Paneurhythmy

In 1932, he developed Paneurhythmy exercises: a sequence of exercises performed to music, to achieve inner balance and harmonization. This practice promotes the processes of self-perfecting, expanding of the consciousness and attaining of virtues. The circle dance, is a conscious interchange between human beings and the forces of living nature. Each movement is the expression of a thought. The effect should be that the observer picks up from the movements, the thought or the idea they express. The rhythm in the movement of the physical body leads us to one in our spiritual life.

Etymologically, "Pan-Eu-Rhythmy" is derived from three roots:
Pan - meaning Whole; Universal and Cosmic.
Eu - meaning True or Supreme; the essential and substantial in the world.
Rhythmy - meaning correctness in the movements and in every other external expression in life.

Late life
On March 22, 1939 he wrote a message to his disciples entitled "The Eternal Covenant of the Spirit." At the beginning of 1944, during the air bombardments over Sofia, he organized the evacuation to the village of Marchaevo (24 km southwest of Sofia) and settled in the home (now museum) of his pupil Temelko Gyorev. He returned to Izgrev on October 19, 1944. On December 20, 1944, he delivered the lecture "The Last Word" to the Common Occult Class and died on 27 December.

Legacy
Several thousand of Dunov's lectures were recorded by stenographers and are documented in the form of deciphered stenograms (some modified by editing and others left intact ). These contain the essence of Dunov's teaching. There are also a number of songs and prayers, among which The Good Prayer from 1900 is regarded as the most special.

References

Further reading

 The Wellspring of Good: The Last Words of the Master Peter Dunoff, Compiled by Bojan Boev and Boris Nikolov, Kibea Publishing Company, 2002.
 David Lorimer, ed.  Gems of Love and Wisdom – Prayers, Meditations and Reflections by Beinsa Douno (Peter Dunoff). Element Books Ltd, 1991.

 Ardella Nathanael. Dance of the Soul: Peter Dunoff’s Pan-Eu-Rhythmy, Carlsbad, CA, Esoteric Publishing, 2006.
 Ardella Nathanael. The Butterfly Dance: Peter Dunoff’s PanEuRhythmy, San Rafael, CA, CreateSpace, 2010.

External links
 Society of the White Brotherhood, Bulgaria (English version) Official website - biographical details, brief information about Dunoff's teaching, forums (Bulgarian only), and other resources.
 The English Master Peter Dunoff (Beinsa Douno) Home Page - English translations of lectures, prayers and other works by Dunoff from authentic sources, as well as discussions of various topics related to his life and teaching.
http://en-petardanov.com/forum/4-1914/ - Another site with English translations of lectures, prayers and other works by Dunoff
 Power and Life - in several languages, with translations of lectures sourced from around the Internet.
 Paneurhythmy - comprehensive site with background information and videos.

Christian philosophers
Esoteric Christianity
Sermon writers
1864 births
1944 deaths
Drew University alumni
Boston University School of Theology alumni
20th-century Bulgarian philosophers
Spiritual teachers
Occult writers
People from Varna Province
Lecturers
Bulgarian expatriates in the United States
Bulgarian esotericists


title: Tomashovka

text:
Tomashovka, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to 3700 BC. The settlement was for the time very large, covering an area of  hectares. This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni-Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. Some 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000–2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.

See also
 Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
 Danubian culture

References

Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
Prehistoric sites in Ukraine


title: Les Duff

text:
Les Duff (born December 12, 1934) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Between 1955 and 1970 he played 927 games in the American Hockey League (AHL).

Duff won the Calder Cup five times during his playing career to share the record for most Calder Cups won with Bob Solinger, Fred Glover, and Mike Busniuk.

Personal information
Following his playing career, Duff worked 23 years with the Toronto Transit Commission before retiring. His brother is Hockey Hall of Famer Dick Duff.

References

External links

1934 births
Living people
Hershey Bears players
Pittsburgh Hornets players
Rochester Americans players
Toronto St. Michael's Majors players
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) players
Winnipeg Warriors (minor pro) players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Kirkland Lake


title: Chychyrkozivka

text:
Chychyrkozivka, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to 3600–3200 BC. The settlement was very large for the time, covering an area of . This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni–Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. Some 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000 and 2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.

See also
 Cucuteni–Trypillian culture
 Danubian culture

References

Cucuteni–Trypillia culture


title: Timo Teräsvirta

text:
Timo Teräsvirta (born January 21, 1941) is a Finnish economist. He made notable contributions in time series analysis, working with Clive Granger among others.

Teräsvirta earned his Ph.D. from the University of Helsinki in 1970, under the supervision of Leo Törnqvist.

References

External links
 Profile at Aarhus University

1941 births
Living people
20th-century Finnish economists
University of Helsinki alumni
Academic staff of Aarhus University
Academic staff of the Stockholm School of Economics
21st-century Finnish economists


title: Costa Christo Kapothanasis

text:
Costa Christo Kapothanasis is an American-born baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Panathinaikos Baseball Club which is a member team of the Greek Baseball League.

He was 3-1 with a 6.29 ERA as a Division I freshman then improved to 2-2, 6.17 in his second campaign, and 4-3, 5.06 as a junior. He fell to 2-7, 6.68 his senior year. Kapothanasis then joined the Greek National Baseball team for the 2010 European Baseball Championshipgoing 1-3 with a win over Sweden. He beat Sweden in his debut but lost to Croatia, Germany (on a bases-loaded walk to Ludwig Glaser and the Netherlands.

Kapothanasis also played for Greece in the 2012 European Baseball Championship, doing much better. He held the Greek lead with four appearances and tossed 7 1/3 shutout innings, getting the save in the 7th/8th place game over France. He was 5th in ERA for the 2012 European Baseball Championship,  behind four other players with also no earned runs, but with more innings. Kapothanasis was also on the Greek roster for the Panama 2011 Baseball World Cup.

Kapothanasis played independent minor league baseball for the Albany Quails of the South Coast League (1-3, 4.43 in 2010) and the Pensacola Pelicans of the American Association.

Kapothanasis will be pitching for the Greek National Baseball in Prague, Czech Republic, for the 2014 European Baseball Championship.

Sources
 Mount St. Mary's bio
 Greek Baseball Federation
 Panathinaikos Baseball Club

 2010 Euros
 2012 Euros
 2014 European Baseball Championship
 Portland Press Herald

Greek baseball players
1988 births
Living people
Baseball players from Portland, Maine
Baseball pitchers
Panathinaikos Baseball players
American expatriate sportspeople in Greece


title: Cowbridge railway station

text:
Cowbridge railway station served the town of Cowbridge in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales between 1865 and 1965. It opened along with the line on 30 January 1865 after multiple delays, which the engineer of the line blamed on bad weather. It was the biggest station on the Llantrisant-Aberthaw line by quite a considerable margin.

Description
Until 1892, Cowbridge used a decidedly non-standard station layout. It comprised a short runaround loop from which a number of sidings ran off. The first went to the engine turntable. From here, sidings emerged at all angles to various parts of the site. Two more sidings ran back to the engine shed, with yet more serving facilities around the yard. The main siding, having crossed the turntable, branched into three freight sidings. Three short spurs ran from the loop, serving the carriage shed, the goods shed, the cattle pens and the end loading bay. The running line continued on to terminate at a single platform, which was initially without a shelter. The original building was of red bricks with limestone quoins. Later on, a roof was extended over the platform to form a shelter.

Changes in design
By 1886, the growth of traffic on the line was being seriously impeded by the layout at the station. A source of great problems was the turntable. Because it was located at the entrance to the sidings, any shunting activities meant crossing and re-crossing the turntable, causing it to fall into a very dilapidated state. The Taff Vale Railway, which was leasing the line in perpetuity by this time, became very dissatisfied by what it saw as the inadequate quality of the work done by the original engineer of the Cowbridge Railway Company. The Taff Vale subsequently implemented changes to the facilities. The new layout dispensed with the turntable and substantially lengthened the goods sidings.

Rebuilding
The line was extended to Aberthaw in 1892. Subsequently, it was necessary to relocate the passenger terminus of the line. This new station was a single platform with a large red and yellow brick building of the type much used by the Taff Vale Railway at this time. The old passenger station was retained as the goods facility. The new passenger station was not as convenient for passengers. It required a 300-yard walk to the main street. This station remained in use until closure.

Closure
The passenger station closed in 1951 when the railway became a goods-only line. After this, the signal box also closed down. Later in the 1950s, two new warehouses were built. The original passenger station was turned into a warehouse, its front elevation being badly damaged in the process. In 1964, a large amount of demolition and track recovery occurred at Cowbridge – the carriage shed, engine shed, water tower and yard crane were all removed at this time. The remaining sidings were very overgrown, the yard having taken on a very decrepit appearance. The goods service was withdrawn on 1 February 1965.

Post closure
The second passenger station had become a British Legion club in 1954, and remained in this use until 1966. In the early months of that year, British Railways informed the club that the lease on the site would terminate on 30 November 1966. The site was to be disposed of for residential development. The club subsequently moved out and the developers went on site on 28 February 1967. The station site was cleared completely to make way for a new housing estate.

Crime
On 20 June 1902, the booking office at Cowbridge was broken into and a total of £8 11s 0d was stolen. In January 1903, a booking clerk at the station admitted stealing the cash bag at Pontyclun station in December 1902. He also admitted the burglary at Cowbridge and other thefts. The clerk was dismissed and prosecuted.

Notes

References

Disused railway stations in the Vale of Glamorgan
Former Taff Vale Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1865
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1951


title: List of Chinese restaurants

text:
This is a list of notable Chinese restaurants. A Chinese restaurant is an establishment that serves Chinese cuisine outside China. Some have distinctive styles, as with American Chinese cuisine and Canadian Chinese cuisine. Most of them are in the Cantonese restaurant style. Chinese takeouts (United States and Canada) or Chinese takeaways (United Kingdom and Commonwealth) are also found either as components of eat-in establishments or as separate establishments, and serve a take-out version of Chinese cuisine.

Chinese restaurants

 Asia Town
 Bianyifang
 Café de Coral
 Celeste Imperio
 Chengdu Taste
 China Coast
 China Tang
 CNHLS
 Crystal Jade Culinary Concept Holdings
 Din Tai Fung
 Dough Zone
 East Dawning
 Fairwood
 Flower Drum, Melbourne, Australia
 Fuchun Teahouse, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
 Gado Gado, Portland, Oregon
 Guo Li Zhuang
 Hakkasan, London, U.K.
 Heichinrou
 Jing Fong
 Joe's Shanghai
 Joy Hing's Roasted Meat, Hong Kong
 Jumbo Kingdom
 Jumbo Seafood
 Kai Mayfair
 Kuo Yuan
 Leeann Chin
 Little Sheep Group
 Ma Yu Ching, Kaifeng, Henan, China
 Manchu Wok
 Mandarin Restaurant
 Maxim's Catering
 Ming Palace
 Mr. Chow
 Nam Kee
 New Toho Food Center, Manila
 Nom Wah Tea Parlor
 Noodle Box
 P. F. Chang's
 Panda Express
 Panda Inn
 Pei Wei Asian Diner
 Peter Chang's
 Pick Up Stix
 Sam Woo Restaurant
 Seaport City Seafood, Vancouver, British Columbia
 Shun Lee Palace
 Sichuan Food
 Star Seafood Floating Restaurant
 Tom's BaoBao
 West Lake Restaurant, Changsha, Hunan, China
 Wong Kei
 Xi'an Famous Foods
 Xiabu Xiabu
 Xian Heng Inn
 Yauatcha, London, U.K.
 Yung Kee, Hong Kong

United States

Notable Chinese restaurants in the United States include:

 A+ Hong Kong Kitchen, Seattle
 Ambassador Restaurant and Lounge, Portland, Oregon
 Bing Mi, Portland, Oregon
 Bistro Na's, Temple City, California
 Café China, New York City
 Country Dough, Seattle
 Dim Sum King, Seattle
 Duck House Chinese Restaurant, Portland, Oregon
 Fat Choy, Englewood, New Jersey
 Fong Chong, Portland, Oregon
 Formosa Cafe, West Hollywood, California
 Frank Fat's, Sacramento, California
 Frank's Noodle House, Oregon
 Harbor City Restaurant, Seattle
 HK Cafe, Portland, Oregon
 Hop Kee, New York City
 House of Louie, Portland, Oregon
 Hunan Restaurant, Portland, Oregon
 Hung Far Low, Portland, Oregon
 Imperial Dynasty, Hanford, California
 Jade Garden Restaurant, Seattle
 Kenny's Noodle House, Portland, Oregon
 Kim Sơn, Houston, Texas
 Lan Sheng, New York City
 Mama Lu's Dumpling House, Monterey Park, California
 Master Kong, Portland, Oregon
 Mee Sum Pastry, Seattle
 Mike's Noodle House, Seattle
 Ocean City Seafood Restaurant, Portland, Oregon
 Old Mandarin Islamic Restaurant, San Francisco
 Oma's Hideaway, Portland, Oregon
 The Pagoda, Portland, Oregon
 Pike Place Chinese Cuisine, Seattle
 Republic Cafe and Ming Lounge, Portland, Oregon
 Shanghai's Best, Portland, Oregon
 Shandong, Portland, Oregon
 Stretch the Noodle, Portland, Oregon
 Tai Tung, Seattle
 Wei Wei, Portland, Oregon
 Wong's King, Portland, Oregon
 Xi'an Noodles, Seattle metropolitan area
 XLB, Portland, Oregon

See also
 List of Chinese desserts
 List of Chinese dishes
 List of restaurants in China
 Lists of restaurants

References

External links

Restaurants

Lists of ethnic restaurants


title: Cyrtodactylus edwardtaylori

text:
Cyrtodactylus edwardtaylori is a species of Asian bent-toed gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species, which is endemic to Sri Lanka, was originally described by Batuwita and Bahir in 2005.

Etymology
The specific name, edwardtaylori, is in honor of American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor.

Description
Cyrtodactylus edwardtaylori can grow to a snout–vent length of at least . The number of scales under the fourth toe of C. edwardtaylori range from 7–8. The claws are short. The mental is subpentagonal. Midbody scales are in 29–30 rows. The head is not depressed. A preanal groove is absent.

The dorsum is light brown with dark-brown bands. There is a pale canthal stripe.

Geographic range
C. edwardtaylori is known only from Badulla District at elevations of  above sea level.

Reproduction
C. edwardtaylori is oviparous.

References

Further reading
Somaweera R, Somaweera N (2009). Lizards of Sri Lanka: A Colour Guide with Field Keys. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira / Serpents Tale. 304 pp. .

Cyrtodactylus
Reptiles of Sri Lanka
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Reptiles described in 2005


title: Kosenivka

text:
Kosenivka, in Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement belonging to the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture dating to 3200–2700 BC. The settlement was very large for the time, covering an area of . This proto-city is just one of 2,440 Cucuteni–Trypillia settlements discovered so far in Moldova and Ukraine. Some 194 (8%) of these settlements had an area of more than 10 hectares between 5000–2700 BC and more than 29 settlements had an area in the range of 100 to 450 hectares.

See also
 Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
 Danubian culture

References

Cucuteni–Trypillia culture


title: Epichorista benevola

text:
Epichorista benevola is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Endemic moths of Kenya
Moths described in 1920
Epichorista


title: Pineroot River

text:
The Pineroot River is a waterway in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada, approximately  north of Bakers Narrows. The river begins at the south end of Mikanagan Lake, continues in a southerly direction over the Mikanagan Falls, to Whitefish Lake then drains in Lake Athapapuskow.

Description
The remote river flows through Churchill River Upland portion of the Midwestern Canadian Shield forests and is surrounded by mixed forest with stands of black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, and trembling aspen. The shoreline is characterized by steeply sloping irregular rock ridges and poorly drained areas of muskeg.

The Pineroot area is largely pristine and home to moose, black bear, lynx, wolf, and beaver. Bird species include raven, common loon, spruce grouse, bald eagle and hawk owl. The creek is not easily accessible, but there is some trapping, hunting, and recreational fishing activity.

The Pineroot River, and Whitefish Lake, are popular fishing areas containing burbot, lake whitefish, northern pike, sucker, walleye and yellow perch.

History
The river was a traditional route for Cree hunters. The first recorded European to travel it was Joseph Hansom, a Hudson's Bay Company fur trader who paddled inland from Churchill to Kississing Lake and down the Pineroot to Lake Athapapuskow. Donaldson B. Dowling, working for the Geological Survey of Canada, was the first to survey the river in 1899. Subsequently, in 1902, it first appeared on a map drafted by Joseph B. Tyrrell and Dowling, which accurately recorded both its route and name. One of the earliest attempts at mining in the region was at the mouth of the Pineroot. In 1914 the Chica claim was staked there, and worked for several years without result.

See also
List of rivers of Manitoba

References

Rivers of Northern Manitoba
Tributaries of Hudson Bay


title: Rich the Kid

text:
Dimitri Leslie Roger (born July 13, 1992), professionally known as Rich the Kid, is an American rapper. He released his debut studio album, The World Is Yours, on March 30, 2018, supported by his hit singles "New Freezer" and "Plug Walk". His second studio album, The World Is Yours 2, was released on March 22, 2019, and his third studio album, Boss Man, on March 13, 2020.

Early life
Dimitri Leslie Roger was born in Queens, New York City, on July 13, 1992. He is of Haitian descent and grew up speaking Haitian Creole fluently. After his parents' divorce, Roger moved with his mother to College Park, Georgia when he was 13.

Rich the Kid said he grew up listening to Nas, Jay-Z, 2Pac, Notorious B.I.G. & 50 Cent, but after moving to College Park, he started listening to T.I. and Young Jeezy. His first rap name was Black Boy Da Kid, but later changed it to Rich the Kid. He attended Elmont Memorial Junior – Senior High School in Elmont, New York.

Career
In 2013, he released his debut solo mixtape, Been About the Benjamins, and later that year released a collaborative mixtape series with Migos called Streets On Lock (volume 1 and 2), with volume 3 being released in 2014 and volume 4 being released in 2015. His second solo mixtape titled Feels Good 2 Be Rich was released in August 2014, and featured artists Migos, Young Thug, Kirko Bangz, Rockie Fresh, Stalley, Soulja Boy, RiFF RaFF, Jeremih, K Camp, Young Dolph, Yo Gotti, French Montana, Chinx & Kodak Black. In November 2014, Rich the Kid released the single "On My Way" featuring GS9 artists, Bobby Shmurda & Rowdy Rebel. In December 2014, he released his third mixtape Rich Than Famous which featured YG, Migos, Bobby Shmurda, Rowdy Rebel, Gucci Mane, Johnny Cinco and PeeWee Longway.

Rich the Kid's first release in 2015 was a collaborative mixtape titled Still On Lock with Migos. In August 2015, he released Flexin' on Purpose. The 14-track project featured collaborations with Master P, Young Dolph, Ty Dolla $ign, Fetty Wap and Rich Homie Quan. In October 2015, he released Streets On Lock 4 with Migos with features from Jose Guapo, Skippa Da Flippa, Hoodrich Pablo Juan, Lil Duke, 2 Chainz, Jeezy, Waka Flocka, Young Dolph, PeeWee Longway, Mango Foo, Slim Jxmmi, iLoveMakonnen, Tray1, Migo Domingo, Migo Jerz, YRN Lingo and Young Greatness. Rich the Kid and iLoveMakonnen released Whip It, featuring 8 tracks on Thanksgiving Day, November 26, 2015, with guest spots from Rome Fortune, Migos, T-Wayne and Key!. The next month Dabbin' Fever was released on Christmas Eve 2015, with features from Wiz Khalifa, Migos, Skippa Da Flippa, 21 Savage, ManMan Savage, Jose Guapo, Playboi Carti, Kodak Black and Curren$y. He released his Trap Talk mixtape in April 2016, which features 21 Savage, Ty Dolla $ign, Playboi Carti, Kodak Black, Migos, Famous Dex and PartyNextDoor. In October 2016, he released his mixtape Keep Flexin' which featured Desiigner, Migos, Famous Dex, Jeremih, Young Thug and Playboi Carti. In May 2017, he collaborated as a featured artist on the Diplo song, "Bankroll", which also features Rich Brian and Young Thug (the song originally featured Justin Bieber instead of Rich Brian).

On June 9, 2017, Rich the Kid announced that he had signed to Interscope Records. In an interview with XXL, Roger talked about his decision on signing with Interscope:

I was talking to different labels, Columbia, RCA, Epic, I decided not to sign with Epic even after L.A. Reid offered me a crazy deal. [Senior Vice President of A&R at Interscope] Manny Smith & Interscope CEO John Janick understand me and my vision for myself and also my label. Interscope gave me the opportunity to take over the game completely and that's what I'm going to do.

Rich the Kid released the single "New Freezer" featuring Kendrick Lamar on September 26, 2017. The song was certified Platinum on March 27, 2018, by the RIAA. His debut studio album, The World Is Yours, was released on March 30, 2018, and features guest appearances from Lil Wayne, Swae Lee, Quavo, Offset, Trippie Redd, Khalid, Kendrick Lamar, Rick Ross, Future, Jay Critch and Chris Brown with its second single, "Plug Walk" peaking at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100. His second album, The World Is Yours 2 was released a year later, on March 22, 2019. It debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200, marking his second US top 10 album.
On December 6, 2019, it was announced that Rich the Kid departed Interscope Records and signed with Republic Records, while still remaining under the UMG umbrella. He kept with the tradition of March-releases, with his third album Boss Man being released on March 13, 2020, and subsequently marking Rich's first release on Republic Records. He then signed to independent label, Empire Distribution and released his first project with them, Nobody Safe, a collaborative mixtape with YoungBoy Never Broke Again.

On April 14, 2021, Rich the Kid signed a multi-million dollar deal with Rostrum Records.

On October 1, 2021, Rich released Trust Fund Babies, a collaborative mixtape with Lil Wayne.

On March 4, 2022, Rich was featured on Jungle, the first single from Bored Ape Yacht Club DJ/producer duo Escape Plan.

On November 14, 2022, Rich the Kid signed with RCA Records. He also released a new single called "Motion".

Personal life
Roger was married to Antonette Willis and has two children with her. In March 2018, Willis filed for divorce, seeking full physical custody while giving Roger visitation rights and joint legal custody. Willis is also seeking spousal support. This was shortly after Willis accused him of cheating on her with Blac Chyna and India Love, even alleging that he was in a relationship with the former. Willis later claimed that Roger abused her and forced her to have abortions regularly, saying it was commonplace for police to be called to their residence for domestic abuse.

Roger began dating Tori Hughes (professionally known as Tori Brixx) shortly following the filing of the divorce. On June 15, 2018, Roger was hospitalized following a home invasion at Hughes' home. According to a police report, several men entered Hughes' home carrying firearms and demanded money. When Roger attempted to confront them, he was beaten by them and the men left with a "significant" amount of money and jewelry. On December 29, 2018, Rich the Kid got into a UTV accident in Calabasas, CA, when Dimitri and his friend were driving around in a Polaris RZR 4-wheeler. Based on sources from TMZ, it seems that Dimitri lost control of it and fell off of his RZR 4-wheeler and severely injured his hand. He was taken to the hospital shortly after. In February 2019, he was robbed and shot at outside of the Westlake Recording Studio in West Hollywood, California.

Feuds

Lil Uzi Vert
Rich the Kid and Lil Uzi Vert's feud started on Twitter following a highly publicized label issue Lil Uzi Vert had with DJ Drama's Generation Now imprint in January 2018. Rich the Kid tweeted at Lil Uzi Vert, offering them a position in his imprint Rich Forever Music, in which Uzi replied "Boy I'm not signing for 20 racks". A month later on February 9, 2018, Rich The Kid said that he and Lil Uzi Vert had "personal issues". On February 27, 2018, Rich the Kid previewed a diss track directed at Lil Uzi Vert titled "Dead Friends" with production from DJ Mustard.

On March 26, 2018, Rich the Kid formally released "Dead Friends". Following the release of "Dead Friends", Rich the Kid said he thought Lil Uzi Vert would not respond. Uzi later responded on their SoundCloud with "Rich Forever Leaked" over the Chief Keef "Where" instrumental, to which Rich the Kid responded by saying "Fuck that nigga."
On June 2, 2018, Rich the Kid and Lil Uzi Vert confronted each other at a Starbucks in Philadelphia. The former ran from the latter shortly after. Videos of the altercation were posted online on social media.

Discography

 The World Is Yours (2018)
 The World Is Yours 2 (2019)
 Boss Man (2020)

Rich Forever Music

In March 2016, Rich the Kid started his own record label called Rich Forever Music. The label's first artist signed up was Chicago based Famous Dex. He also signed his first producer to Rich Forever Music, The Lab Cook. In April 2016, Rich the Kid signed his second artist, rapper J $tash.

The record label's first release was a 15-track compilation titled Rich Forever Music, and featured Offset, Skippa Da Flippa, Lil Yachty and OG Maco. Shortly after the release, J $tash parted ways with the label.

In June 2016, Rich the Kid signed a deal to have 300 Entertainment become a parent company for Rich Forever Music.

On July 4, 2016, Rich Forever Music released their second project Rich Forever 2, a collaborative mixtape between Rich the Kid and Famous Dex, with appearances from Wiz Khalifa, Lil Yachty, Young Thug, Jaden Smith and Playboi Carti. In November 2016, Rich the Kid signed Brooklyn rapper Jay Critch to his label.

On March 17, 2017, the label released their third compilation mixtape The Rich Forever Way. The label released their fourth compilation Rich Forever 3 on June 16, 2017.

In February 2018, Rich the Kid signed Texas rapper YBN Almighty Jay to his label. In March 2018, YBN Almighty Jay and Rich the Kid had a fall out when Rich the Kid released a song called Back Quick without YBN Almighty Jay's permission. In April 2018, YBN Almighty Jay did an interview with DJ Akademiks saying he was never signed with the label.

In May 2018, Famous Dex stated he had left Rich Forever Music, and is an independent artist, but Rich the Kid made a post through the label's Instagram saying he is still signed to the label.

References

Further reading
Rising Star Rich The Kid Explains How To Make Money As A Rapper, Forbes.

External links

1992 births
Living people
American rappers of Haitian descent
Rappers from Queens, New York
Rappers from Atlanta
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Songwriters from New York (state)
Trap musicians
Interscope Records artists
Quality Control artists
Republic Records artists
Southern hip hop musicians
Mumble rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
21st-century African-American musicians
African-American male songwriters


Your Fathers, Where Are They? And the Prophets, Do They Live Forever? is a 2014 novel by Dave Eggers. The book's title is a quotation from the Bible (Zechariah 1:5).

Plot summary
The book, told entirely in dialogue, follows the story of Thomas, a troubled man in his thirties haunted by the death of his friend Don Banh in a police shooting two years earlier. In an attempt to resolve the questions in his mind, he kidnaps seven people and brings them to a deserted Army base on the California coast, where he chains them to posts inside the abandoned buildings and forces them to discuss issues of concern to him, principally the lack of purpose and direction granted by American society to young men like him.

Thomas first kidnaps Kev Paciorek, a NASA astronaut he knew slightly in college, who always dreamed of flying on the Space Shuttle but has now lost that opportunity with the end of the Shuttle program. Next, Thomas abducts former Congressman Mac Dickinson, a Vietnam veteran who lost two limbs in a grenade accident during the war. The third kidnap victim is a former middle-school teacher who was accused of molesting students and may have molested Thomas and Don. Thomas also abducts his mother, a longtime addict who failed to protect Thomas from the teacher and her string of boyfriends but places the responsibility for his problems on Thomas himself, claiming that he was always strange. Thomas abducts a police officer to discuss the police procedures that led to Don's death (including the 21 Foot Rule), but is shocked to realize that the officer was one of those who shot his friend. The sixth victim is the director of patient access at the hospital where Don died, whom Thomas blames for her role in the cover-up of the fact that Don was shot seventeen times rather than the three claimed in the official report. Thomas had committed arson at the hospital to protest the cover-up but was never charged with the crime.

Thomas' final kidnapping is of Sara, a young woman he has seen walking on the beach beside the Army base during his time there. He believes that he and Sara are destined to be together and asks her to escape with him in a boat. She initially refuses and then claims she has changed her mind, but Thomas realizes she is lying and wants to escape. As police helicopters approach, Thomas returns to the congressman, the one person he kidnapped who he feels has given him understanding and good advice. The book ends as the police arrive and the congressman tells them everyone is safe.

Reception
Publishers Weekly described the book as "more tedious deposition than gripping drama." Kirkus Reviews said that "Eggers turns this novel's contrivances into an asset, though overall it feels more like a series of philosophy-symposium prompts than a full-fledged story." The Wall Street Journal commented that "Mr. Eggers creates no plausible characters or dramatic tension". USA Today rated the book two stars out of four, describing it as "Insightful, yes, but sadly no more memorable than tomorrow's headlines." Entertainment Weekly gave the novel a grade of "B−", saying that "the belabored message would've better served a short story than this 200-plus-page hammer to the head."

References

2014 American novels
English-language novels
McSweeney's books
Novels by Dave Eggers
Novels set in California


title: Pelham Edgar

text:
Oscar Pelham Edgar (17 March 1871 – 7 October 1948) was a Canadian teacher. He was a full professor and head of the Department of English at the Victoria College, Toronto from 1910 to 1938. He wrote many articles and several monographs on English literature. He had a talent for identifying and encouraging promising new authors. He was an active member of various literary societies, and was the force behind the establishment of the Canadian Writers’ Foundation to help needy authors.

Early years

Oscar Pelham Edgar was born on 17 March 1871, second son of James David Edgar and Matilda Ridout Edgar.
Both his parents were greatly interested in literature.
His father, a lawyer and Liberal politician, was a minor poet.
His mother was a historian and feminist. Her biography of Sir Isaac Brock was published in 1904 as a volume in the Makers of Canada series.
Pellham Edgar was educated at Upper Canada College.
He attended the University of Toronto, where he was a student of W.J. Alexander.
He graduated from University College in 1892 with the Governor-General's Medal in Modern Languages.

Pelham Edgar taught at Upper Canada College from 1892 to 1895. In 1893 he married Helen Madeline Boulton.
Edgar left Upper Canada College to study at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where he earned a PhD in 1897.
His thesis was about Shelley, a poet who had inspired him as a boy.

The poet Duncan Campbell Scott (1862–1947) was a close friend of Pelham Edgar, and they maintained a correspondence for more than fifty years, starting in the 1890s.
Edgar often criticized Scott's major poems before they were published.
Scott worked in the Department of Indian Affairs.
Scott and Edgar traveled together in Northern Ontario in 1906 on an expedition to make treaties with the Native Americans.
Edgar was said to have been acting as secretary, but in fact the trip seems to have been more a holiday.

In the 1900s Edgar and Scott were invited to edit the Makers of Canada series of historical biographies published by George Morang.
Neither were particularly well qualified.
Edgar had edited a selection of writings by Francis Parkman (1823–1893), but was more interested by the picturesque than the historical elements.
He was criticized for his casual editing. In the end most of the serious editing was done by William Dawson LeSueur.
The friendship lasted, and Edgar published eight articles on Scott's work between 1895 and 1948.

Teacher

In 1897 Edgar became a lecturer in the Department of French at Victoria College, Toronto.
He was head of the department from 1901 to 1910.
In 1902 he started to also give lectures in the Department of English.
He taught in the Department of English after 1909, and headed the department from 1912 until he retired in 1938.

Pelham Edgar had an instinctive ability to detect talent.
When judging the poetry competition of 1904 Edgar was struck by the work of Marjorie Pickthall (1883–1922), and advised her on her poems.
They began to be published regularly in the college's Acta Victoriana literary journal.
In 1920 he invited the poet E. J. Pratt (1882–1964), then a demonstrator-lecturer in psychology at the university, to join the faculty of the Department of English. Pratt was promoted to Professor in 1930 and then Senior Professor in 1938, the year that Edgar retired.
Raymond Knister wanted to dedicate his My Star Predominant to Edgar, who he said had first awoken his interest in poetry.

In 1928 Edgar "discovered" the poet Audrey Alexandra Brown (1904–1998), and promoted her career from then until 1939.
Edgar's students Kathleen Coburn and Northrop Frye both acknowledged the influence he had on their careers.
Coburn says of a 1928 course by Edgar on English Romantic poetry, that he introduced "... the whole business of the imagination, for me a first glimmering notion, the first articulation of something felt but never expressed." Frye dedicated his Fearful Symmetry book about William Blake to Edgar.
George Benson Johnston (1913–2004), the poet, was another of Edgar's students.

As a critic Edgar was primarily interested in the evolution of technique and form of novels.
He explored Henry James's changing theories of fiction in his 1927 book Henry James, Man and Author.
Leon Edel said of his 1933 The Art of the Novel that Edgar was "one of the first in modern scholarship to write cogently and importantly about the novel form."
He was wary about some modern trends in poetry. He called free association a disease, and said psychoanalytic theory was "wholly valueless for poetry."

Other activities

Pelham Edgar was a member of the Athenaeum Club, London, England.
Edgar was president of the Tennyson Club, Toronto, and president of the Modern Language Association, Ontario.
He was secretary of the Ontario Education Society from 1908 to 1909.
In 1915 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
In 1936 he received the Royal Society's Lorne Pierce Medal for distinguished service to Canadian literature.
A description of Edgar around 1926 said, "He was then in his middle fifties, tall and spare, with piercing dark eyes under thick eyebrows and a wealth of lustrous black hair. His aquiline nose surmounted the largest black mustache I had ever seen – it was difficult not to stare at in fascination."

Pelham Edgar was secretary of the Canadian Society of Authors.
He was among the founders of the Canadian Authors Association, which first met on 12 March 1921 in the Old Medical Building of McGill University.
In April he met with members of the recently formed Canadian Society of Authors to present the more ambitious program of the Canadian Authors Association.
The Society decided to retain its charter, but hoped to find a way to merge with the Association's Toronto branch.
In 1935 he became ninth national president of the Canadian Authors Association.
In 1936 Edgar launched the Canadian Poetry Magazine, and also initiated the Governor General's Awards.
He became the first president of the Association of Canadian Bookmen in 1936, an organization dedicated to supporting the booksellers and distributors in Canada. The Bookmen organized their first National Book Fair in Toronto in the fall of 1936 in the King Edward Hotel, Toronto.

In 1931 Edgar created the Canadian Authors Foundation to provide a perpetual fund "for the benefit of any men or women of distinction in Canadian letters (or their dependents) ... in destitution." At his request Lord Bessborough, the Governor-General of Canada, was the first patron of the society. However, during the Great Depression it had difficulty obtaining funds.
The first beneficiary of the Writers Foundation was Sir Charles G.D. Roberts, who had followed the custom of the time in selling his books outright to publishers.
In his old age he was poverty-stricken. The Foundation obtained a government grant, but it expired when Sir Charles died.
Edgar succeeded Sir Robert Falconer as president of the foundation in 1943 and led a thrust to have it incorporated as the Canadian Writers’ Foundation in 1945.
Pelham Edgar told the 1945 convention of the Canadian Authors Association of the lack of funds. A levy of 50 cents a year from the CAA members was proposed but rejected. However, contributions in excess of this amount continued to be given by CAA branches and individual members.

Edgar's first wife died in 1933, and in 1935 he married Dona Gertrude Cameron Waller. They had one daughter.
Pelham Edgar died in Canton, Ontario, on 7 October 1948. He was aged 77.
Northrop Frye, who became a professor of the English department, edited a collection of his essays for posthumous publication.
Frye described Pelham Edgar as a "uniquely important figure in Canadian letters."
Bernard Keble Sandwell later joked that Edgar was so influential that the P.E.N. Club of Toronto took its initials from "Pelham Edgar's Nominees."
E.K. Brown wrote, "No academic figure has done more to foster Canadian literature than Pelham Edgar.

Works

Edgar published many reviews and articles. Publications include:

References
Notes

Citations

Sources

External links

1871 births
1948 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Canadian literary critics
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada


title: Al-Suwayda al-Gharbiyah

text:
Al-Suwayda al-Gharbiya () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Suwayda al-Gharbiyah had a population of 522 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

References

Bibliography

Populated places in Hama District


title: 2014 Western & Southern Open

text:
The 2014 Western & Southern Open (the Cincinnati Masters) was a men's and women's tennis tournament that was played on outdoor hard courts August 11–17, 2014. It was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2014 ATP World Tour and of the WTA Premier 5 tournaments of the 2014 WTA Tour. The 2014 tournament was the men's 113th edition and the women's 86th edition of the Cincinnati Masters. The tournament is held annually at the Lindner Family Tennis Center in Mason (a suburb of Cincinnati), Ohio, United States.

Rafael Nadal and Victoria Azarenka were the defending champions, but both had to withdraw from the tournament due to injuries.

Points and prize money

Point distribution

Prize money

ATP singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 Rankings are as of August 4, 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wild cards into the main singles draw:
  Robby Ginepri
  Steve Johnson
  Sam Querrey
  Jack Sock

The following player used protected ranking to gain entry into the singles main draw:
  Jürgen Melzer

The following players received entry from the singles qualifying draw:
  Benjamin Becker
  Chase Buchanan
  Teymuraz Gabashvili
  Marinko Matosevic
  Benoît Paire
  Bernard Tomic
  James Ward

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
  Blaž Rola

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Nicolás Almagro (foot injury) → replaced by  Denis Istomin
  Carlos Berlocq → replaced by  Édouard Roger-Vasselin
  Juan Martín del Potro (wrist injury) → replaced by  Martin Kližan
  Alexandr Dolgopolov (knee injury) → replaced by  Julien Benneteau
  Richard Gasquet (abdominal injury) → replaced by  Blaž Rola
  Tommy Haas (shoulder injury) → replaced by  Lu Yen-hsun
  Florian Mayer (groin injury) → replaced by  Lleyton Hewitt
  Rafael Nadal (wrist injury) → replaced by  Gilles Simon
  Kei Nishikori (foot injury) → replaced by  Nicolas Mahut
  Dmitry Tursunov → replaced by  Dominic Thiem

ATP doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 Rankings are as of August 4, 2014

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Steve Johnson /  Sam Querrey
  Mackenzie McDonald /  Tim Smyczek
The following pair received entry as alternates:
  Jamie Murray /  John Peers

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Michaël Llodra (right elbow injury)

WTA singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

Rankings are as of August 4, 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wild cards into the main singles draw:
  Belinda Bencic
  Lauren Davis
  Christina McHale

The following player used protected ranking to gain entry into the singles main draw:
  Romina Oprandi

The following players received entry from the singles qualifying draw:
  Annika Beck
  Irina-Camelia Begu
  Zarina Diyas
  Nicole Gibbs
  Polona Hercog
  Karin Knapp
  Varvara Lepchenko
  Pauline Parmentier
  Chanelle Scheepers
  Taylor Townsend
  Heather Watson
  Yanina Wickmayer

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
  Mona Barthel

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Victoria Azarenka (knee injury) → replaced by  Mona Barthel
  Li Na (knee injury) → replaced by  Romina Oprandi
  Yvonne Meusburger → replaced by  Tsvetana Pironkova

WTA doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 Rankings are as of August 4, 2014

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Nicole Gibbs /  Alison Riske
  Melanie Oudin /  Taylor Townsend

The following pair received entry as alternates:
  Oksana Kalashnikova /  Olga Savchuk

Withdrawals
Before the tournament
  Zhang Shuai (right arm injury)

Retirements
  Klaudia Jans-Ignacik (right calf injury)
  Kristina Mladenovic (lumbar spine injury)

Finals

Men's singles

  Roger Federer defeated  David Ferrer, 6–3, 1–6, 6–2

Women's singles

  Serena Williams defeated  Ana Ivanovic, 6–4, 6–1

Men's doubles

  Bob Bryan /  Mike Bryan defeated  Vasek Pospisil /  Jack Sock, 6–3, 6–2

Women's doubles

   Raquel Kops-Jones /  Abigail Spears defeated  Tímea Babos /  Kristina Mladenovic, 6–1, 2–0, ret.

References

External links
 Official website
 Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile


title: Zabada

text:
Zabada () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zabada had a population of 753 in the 2004 census. The king Is named Winky Inkyson, and is of 23 years of age.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Zor Abu Dardah

text:
Zor Abu Dardaa al-Nashmi () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zor Abu Dardaa al-Nashmi had a population of 302 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Sir Richard Levinge, 2nd Baronet

text:
Sir Richard Levinge, 2nd Baronet ( – 27 February 1748) was an Irish landowner and politician.

He was the eldest son of Sir Richard Levinge, 1st Baronet and his first wife Mary Corbin, daughter of Gawan Corbin, merchant of London. His father, a Derbyshire man, had a remarkably successful career in Ireland as MP, Privy Councillor, Solicitor General for Ireland, Attorney General for Ireland and Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas. On his father's death, he inherited Parwich Hall, the ancestral home in Derbyshire, and the newer property of Knockdrin Castle, County Westmeath. He spent most of his time at Parwich, which he extensively rebuilt.

He married in 1718 Isabella Rawdon (died 1731), daughter of Sir Arthur Rawdon, 2nd Baronet and Helena Graham; her brother John married Richard's sister Dorothy. They had no issue and on his death, his title and estates passed to his brother Charles.

He sat in the House of Commons of Ireland from 1723 to 1727 as a member for County Westmeath, and then from 1727 to 1748  as a member for Blessington.

References

1685 births
Year of birth uncertain
1748 deaths
People from County Westmeath
Baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland
Irish MPs 1715–1727
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Westmeath constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wicklow constituencies


title: Suwak al-Shamali

text:
Suwak al-Shamali () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Suwak al-Shamali had a population of 3,694 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Awja al-Janah

text:
Awja al-Janah () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Awja al-Janah had a population of 489 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Abdullahi Mohamed Ali

text:
Abdullahi Mohamed Ali "Sanbalolshe" (, ) is a Somali politician. He subsequently briefly served as the director of the National Intelligence and Security Agency in 2014,  In April 2017, Ali was reappointed as the director of NISA. 7 months later he was fired by Somali president Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo.

He is currently a member of the federal parliament of Somalia.

Ali is from the Ali Madaxweyne (Hassan Muse) Xawaadle subclan of the Hawiye.

Career
He was previously the Minister for National Security in the Transitional Federal Government. Ali later served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United Kingdom.

On 9 July 2014, following a security reform, Ali was appointed the new Director of the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). He replaced Bashir Mohamed Jama at the position.

On 7 September 2014, the Federal Cabinet sacked Ali as NISA Director. He was replaced at the position by Abdurahman Mohamud Turyare, the former Chief of the Supreme Military Court.

References

Living people
Somalian politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: List of Henry Danger episodes

text:
Henry Danger is an American comedy television series created by Dan Schneider and Dana Olsen that aired on Nickelodeon from July 26, 2014 to March 21, 2020. The series stars Jace Norman, Cooper Barnes, Riele Downs, Sean Ryan Fox, Ella Anderson, and Michael D. Cohen.

Series overview

Episodes

Season 1 (2014–15)

Season 2 (2015–16)

Season 3 (2016–17)

Season 4 (2017–18)

Season 5 (2018–20)

See also
 List of Henry Danger characters

Notes

References

Lists of American children's television series episodes
Lists of American comedy television series episodes
Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Episodes


title: Sreeja Chandran

text:
Biography

Sreeja Chandran is an Indian television actress who predominantly works in Malayalam and Tamil soap operas.  She played the lead in STAR Vijay's serial Saravannan Meenatchi as Meenatchi.

Personal life

She acted in Saravanan Meenatchi with RJ Senthil Kumar and married him on 2 July 2014. They are having a son Sreevallabha Dev born on 6 January 2023 after 8years of marriage.

Television

Filmography

References

Living people
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Kerala
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Malayalam television
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Tamil television
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
People from Thiruvalla
1986 births


title: Cyrtodactylus fraenatus

text:
Cyrtodactylus fraenatus (bridled bent-toed gecko, Sri Lanka bent-toed gecko) is a species of gecko endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.

Habitat and distribution
Cyrtodactylus fraenatus is a large forest gecko from the midhills of Sri Lanka. Known localities include Peradeniya, Gampola, Menikdena and Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve.

Description
The head is large and broad. The tail is long, slender and longer than head-body length. Dorsal scales across mid-body between mid-ventral folds 35. Males with 4–6 pre-anal pores arranged at a wide angle.
The dorsum is olive-brown or chocolate brown, with 4–5 large, W-shaped marks.

Ecology and diet
It inhabits trees and other arboreal perches within forested habitats. Nocturnal, and also known to bask in direct sunlight.

Reproduction
2 eggs measuring 15 * 17 mm are produced at a time.

References

 http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Cyrtodactylus&species=fraenatus
 https://web.archive.org/web/20140714220720/http://www.wht.lk/storage/miscellaneous/Cyrtodactylus%20RBZ.pdf
 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cyrtodactylus_fraenatus/classification/

Reptiles of Sri Lanka
Cyrtodactylus
Reptiles described in 1864
Taxa named by Albert Günther


title: Hill frog (disambiguation)

text:
The hill frog (Clinotarsus alticola) is a frog in the family Ranidae found in northeastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, northern Peninsular Thailand, and possibly Bhutan and Nepal.

Hill frog may also refer to:

 Boulenger's Garo hill frog (Hylarana garoensis), a frog in the family Ranidae found in India and possibly Bangladesh
 Boulenger's hill frog (Nanorana annandalii), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae found in India and Nepal
 Dubois' hill frog (Zakerana keralensis), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae found in India
 Tirunvelveli's hill frog (Nyctibatrachus beddomii), a frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to southern Western Ghats of India

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Diego de Quiroga y Losada

text:
Diego de Quiroga y Losada was the acting Governor of Spanish Florida 1687–1693. His administration was mainly concerned with building fortifications, including the Castillo de San Marcos, which his predecessors began to defend La Florida against British and French attacks by land and water.

Career
On August 20, 1687, Diego de Quiroga y Losada was appointed acting governor of Florida, and remained in that position until September 21, 1693. That same month (August, 1687), eleven escaped African slaves from the Province of Carolina, including an infant, arrived by boat at the Franciscan Mission of Santa María de Sena on present-day Amelia Island in Florida, seeking a better life. Soldiers garrisoned there sent word to St. Augustine, informing Quiroga of their arrival so that he could decide what to do with them. In October, the governor ordered the Africans brought to St. Augustine. Once they were in the presidio, he put the men to work on construction of the Castillo de San Marcos, and the two women became a part of his household. Quiroga assigned several Spanish families responsibility for assisting the priests in Christianizing them.

Later in 1687, Quiroga visited the Apalachee Province to assess the strategic situation there, and upon his return to St. Augustine, ordered Captain Primo de Rivera to build a Casa fuerte (blockhouse) on the Chattahoochee River to protect the province from British incursions. The location was chosen because of its nearness to the head town of the Apalachicola Province. Quiroga sent one hundred Native Americans, many of them trained as carpenters, with Rivera to build the fort as quickly as possible. Quiroga ordered the construction of Fort Apalachicola without seeking the King's permission, "because English traders had begun to settle and conduct business with local Native American groups immediately north of Spanish missions".

In the spring of 1690, Lieutenant Favian de Angulo traveled to Chattahoochee to command the garrison. Based on a letter sent by Angulo to Quiroga, at the time the garrison consisted of 17 regulars and 20 Apalachee Native Americans. Despite Angulo's warnings about trading with the English, the Indians continued to trade with them and soon the town surrounding the fort was abandoned. Angulo then demolished the fort and took away food, weapons, and anything else that might be useful to the Carolina merchants. The lieutenant and the Spaniards abandoned the area. In 1690, Quiroga y Losada began selling coquina from the royal quarry on Anastasia Island to the garrison soldiers and the other townspeople for building houses or other structures.

In 1690, Quiroga saw that with the high tides, the sea was beginning to flood Saint Augustine, threatening to inundate its houses and the fortress. To prevent this encroachment, he met with the leading men of the town and proposed the construction of a sea wall. The inhabitants approved his proposal and started to build the wall with two thousand dollars donated by the local soldiers, who were themselves owed back pay.

Diego de Quiroga complained in 1693 that the church bells of Saint Augustine were too loud and rung too often, saying that their noise would drown out the alarm bell at the garrison's guardhouse. The largest, loudest bell of the four in the belltower was subsequently replaced with a smaller altar bell.

On September 21, 1693 Quiroga y Losada was replaced by Laureano de Torres y Ayala as Governor of Florida.

References

Royal Governors of La Florida


title: Jang-mi

text:
Jang-mi is a Korean feminine name. Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 37 hanja with the reading "jang" and 33 hanja with the reading "mi" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. One way of writing it in hanja () means "rose".

People with this name include:
Kim Jang-mi (born 1992), South Korean sport shooter
Lee Jang-mi (born 1994), South Korean badminton player

Fictional characters with this name include:
Jang-mi (Rose), in 2007 South Korean webcomic Trace
Baek Jang-mi, in 2008 South Korean film Open City
Kim Jang-mi, in 2011 South Korean film Sunny
Jang-mi, in 2014 South Korean film Man on High Heels
Joo Jang-mi, in 2014 South Korean television series Marriage, Not Dating
Baek Jang-mi, the titular character of 2014–2015 South Korean television series Run, Jang-mi

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean feminine given names
Feminine given names


title: Al-Narjis

text:
Al-Narjis () is a Syrian farm located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Narjis had a population of 8 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Prior authorization

text:
Prior authorization is a utilization management process used by some health insurance companies in the United States to determine if they will cover a prescribed procedure, service, or medication.

Overview
Prior authorization is a check run by some insurance companies or third-party payers in the United States before they will agree to cover certain prescribed medications or medical procedures. There are a number of reasons that insurance providers require prior authorization, including age, medical necessity, the availability of a generic alternative, or checking for drug interactions. A failed authorization can result in a requested service being denied or in an insurance company requiring the patient to go through a separate process known as "step therapy" or "fail first." Step therapy dictates that a patient must first see unsuccessful results from a medication or service preferred by the insurance provider, typically considered either more cost effective or safer, before the insurance company will cover a different service.

Process
After a request comes in from a qualified provider, the request will go through the prior authorization process. The process to obtain prior authorization varies from insurer to insurer but typically involves the completion and faxing of a prior authorization form; according to a 2018 report, 88% are either partially or entirely manual.

At this point, the medical service may be approved or rejected, or additional information may be requested. If a service is rejected, the healthcare provider may file an appeal based on the provider's medical review process.  In some cases, an insurer may take up to 30 days to approve a request.

Purpose and costs
Insurers have stated that the purpose of prior authorization checks is to provide cost savings to consumers by preventing unnecessary procedures as well as the prescribing of expensive brand name drugs when an appropriate generic is available. In addition, a prior authorization for a new prescription may help prevent potentially-dangerous drug interactions. A 2009 report from the Medical Board of Georgia showed that as many as 800 medical services require prior authorizations.

According to Medical Economics in 2013, physicians have expressed frustration with the current prior authorization process with regards to time spent interacting with insurance providers and the costs incurred based on that time. A 2009 study published in Health Affairs reported that primary care physicians spent 1.1 hours per week fulfilling prior authorizations, nursing staff spent 13.1 hours per week, and clerical staff spent 5.6 hours. A 2012 study in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine found that the annual cost per physician to conduct prior authorizations was between $2,161 and $3,430. The cost to health plans was reported at between $10 and $25 per request by 2013. It was estimated in 2009 that prior authorization practices cost the US healthcare system between $23 and $31 billion annually.

Legislative and technological developments
There have been a number of legislative and technological developments that attempt to make the prior authorization process more efficient.

In 2011, the American Medical Association made recommendations that a uniform prior authorization form should be adopted along with real-time electronic processing. The organization described a next generation prior authorization process which would involve a physician ordering a medical service, their staff completing a standardized request form, and an electronic submission process that would give same-day approval or denial of the request. The reasoning behind a denial would be clearly stated, allowing physicians to easily submit an appeal.

In February 2012, the Maryland Health Care Commission presented a plan to the state legislature, which outlined a standardized, electronic filing system for prior authorization requests. In response to a 2012 bill concerning the e-filing of prescriptions, the Kansas Board of Pharmacies advocated for an electronic prior authorization process, which would generate immediate approval for prescriptions. In 2013, the Arizona House of Representatives formed a committee to research the prior authorization process and make recommendations. Also, by 2013 a Washington State Senate proposal was submitted, which would require the state Insurance Commissioner to develop a standardized prior authorization form.

As of May 2013, the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs had adopted a standardized process for the exchange of electronic prior authorizations. The American Medical Association found that the average annual savings per physician from using an electronic prior authorization process to be approximately $1,742. Additionally, a case study conducted by Prime Therapeutics, a pharmacy benefit manager, demonstrated a 90% reduction in payer response time through electronic prior authorization systems compared with the manual prior authorization process.

In 2019, a consensus statement from several healthcare organizations supported standardizing the process.

References

Health insurance in the United States
Healthcare in the United States
Managed care


title: Al-Nazaza

text:
Al-Nazaza () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Nazaza had a population of 354 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Paramesiodes chloradelpha

text:
Paramesiodes chloradelpha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Endemic moths of South Africa
Moths described in 1912
Archipini


title: Zor al-Sarmiyah

text:
Zor al-Sarmiyah () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zor al-Sarmiyah had a population of 538 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Fulgencio García de Solís

text:
Fulgencio García de Solís was the acting Governor of Florida from 1752 to 1755, and Governor of Honduras from 1757 to 1759.

Career
Fulgencio García de Solís was appointed acting governor of La Florida on June 3, 1752. In 1752, García rebuilt Fort Mose, which had been accidentally destroyed in 1740 when a Spanish force consisting of colonial troops, Indian auxiliaries, and free black militia attacked James Oglethorpe's troops, who were occupying the fort during the Siege of Fort Mose in Saint Augustine. They defeated the British decisively and destroyed the fort in the process; García rebuilt the installation to serve as a settlement for black people, including escaped slaves from the British colonies to the north, seeking freedom in Saint Augustine, the capital of Florida. One of his goals was to try to cut off communications between former slaves and the rest of the population.

García condemned both the original settlers of Mose as well as slaves from the Carolinas who had fled to Florida, considering them culturally and spiritually backward, and ordered the black people of St. Augustine to rebuild Fort Mose at a new site north of the city. In this way, runaway slaves from Carolina living in St. Augustine were forced to help the soldiers and citizens build the fort. However, Solis encountered resistance by the freed slaves of the city, who said they feared attacks by pro-British Indians, but he believed this indicated they actually wanted to be completely free; nonetheless, they were forced to work on the fort. Solis lightly punished two leaders of the protest who promised not to return to the Carolinas and punished all those who decided to return, threatening worse punishment to any who continued to resist. Eventually García effected both the resettlement of the outpost and its fortification.

García de Solís served as interim governor of Florida until April 18, 1755. In 1757, he was appointed governor of Honduras, a position he held until 1759.

References

Royal Governors of La Florida
Governors of Honduras


title: Zor Taqsis

text:
Zor Taqsis () is a Syrian village located in the Subdistrict of the Hama District in the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zor Taqsis had a population of 1,112 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Muraywid

text:
Muraywid ()  is a Syrian village located in Hama Nahiyah in Hama District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Muraywid had a population of 750 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Buwaydah

text:
Buwaydah () is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Buwaydah had a population of 486 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah

text:
Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah () is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah had a population of 768 in the 2004 census.

References

Populated places in Hama District


title: The Summer Kiss Tour

text:
The Summer Kiss Tour was the debut concert tour by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen. It was launched in support of her second studio album, Kiss (2012). The tour received positive reviews and was a commercial success.

Setlist
 "This Kiss"
 "I Know You Have a Girlfriend"
 "Good Time" (with Jared Manierka)
 "Tiny Little Bows"
 "Sweetie"
 "Take a Picture"
 "Tug of War"
 "Bucket"
 "Curiosity"
 "Almost Said It"
 "Sour Candy"
 "More Than a Memory"
 "Tonight I'm Getting Over You"
 "Turn Me Up"
 "Hurt So Good"
 "Guitar String / Wedding Ring"
 "Your Heart Is a Muscle"
Encore
 "Call Me Maybe"

Shows

Box office score data

Cancelled shows

Notes

References

Carly Rae Jepsen concert tours
Concert tours of Canada
Concert tours of Indonesia
Concert tours of Japan
Concert tours of the Philippines
Concert tours of Singapore
Concert tours of the United States
2013 concert tours


title: Coon Hollow Formation

text:
The Coon Hollow Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Jurassic Idaho
Jurassic geology of Oregon


title: Twin Creek Formation

text:
The Twin Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho, United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Jurassic Idaho
Jurassic geology of Wyoming


title: Seung-chul

text:
Seung-chul, also spelled Seung-cheol or Sung-chol, is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 15 hanja with the reading "seung" and 11 hanja with the reading "chul" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:
Park Seung-cheol (1940–2014), South Korean infectious disease specialist
Lee Seung-chul (born 1966), South Korean singer
Baek Seung-chul (born 1975), South Korean football player
Lee Seung-chul (wrestler) (born 1988), South Korean wrestler

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Comwell H.C. Andersen Hotel

text:
Comwell H.C. Andersen Hotel is a hotel in Odense, Denmark. Formerly managed by Radisson Hotels as Radisson SAS H.C. Andersen Hotel and then Radisson Blu H.C. Andersen Hotel, it is named after Hans Christian Andersen, the most famous figure of the city. Built from red brick, the hotel contains 145 rooms and is served by a French restaurant. The rooms of the hotel are designed in the "1960s Nordic-style". Frommer's stated that "it may lack the nostalgic charm of the [Clarion Hotel] Plaza , but commercial travelers find this first-class hotel more convenient and livelier." The hotel contains the Casino Odense, with blackjack and slot machine facilities.

References

External links
Official site

Hotels in Denmark
Buildings and structures in Odense
Hotels established in 1982
Hotel buildings completed in 1982


title: Beaverdam Formation (Idaho)

text:
The Beaverdam Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Neogene Idaho


title: Chalk Hills Formation

text:
The Chalk Hills Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Neogene Idaho


title: Clarkia Formation

text:
The Clarkia Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho
 Clarkia fossil beds

References

Geologic formations of Idaho
Miocene Series of North America
Neogene Idaho
Lagerstätten
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Paleontology in Idaho


title: Idavada Volcanics

text:
The Idavada Volcanics is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Geologic formations of Idaho
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Samurai Sessions vol.1

text:
Samurai Sessions vol.1 is an EP by Japanese musician Miyavi. It was released on November 14, 2012 in Japan, and featured collaboration with various artists. It charted as number twenty one on Oricon and seventeen on Billboard Japan.

Background
This EP was released on November 14, 2012 in Japan by EMI Records Japan, in regular and limited CD/DVD format, featuring official music videos and those filmed in studio along featured artists. It is also available worldwide as a digital release on iTunes Store.

In October 2011, was released first album single, and Miyavi's twelfth major, "Strong". It was a collaboration with Japanese rapper Kreva. From then until the end of the year Miyavi went on North and South American legs of the What's My Name?, his third worldwide tour. In 2012, on February 19, Miyavi performed at the second EMI Rocks event in Saitama Super Arena. On June 29, he performed at the EHZ Festival in Helette, while on June 30, he was the only Asian representative at the Main Square Festival in Arras, France. On July 11, his thirteenth major single, "Day 1," was released in collaboration with the French electronic producer and DJ, Yuksek. On September 8, Miyavi performed at the 908 Festival, organized by Kreva, in Saitama Super Arena. In October two concerts were held in Indonesia. In November 14, when was released the album Samurai Sessions vol.1, Miyavi done many collaborations, from which songs were included in the album. The featured artists, besides Kreva and Yuksek, include breakbeat duo Hifana, rock singer Takeshi Hosomi from The Hiatus, jazz keyboardist H Zett M from Pe'z, shamisen artist Hiromitsu Agatsuma, flamenco guitarist Jin Oki, bassist and producer Seiji Kameda, and singer Miu Sakamoto.

Release
When the album was released, it peaked at number twenty-one on the Oricon, and seventeen on Billboard Japan charts in Japan. It charted for twelve weeks on Oricon charts. The singles "Strong" and "Day 1", peaked on Japan Hot 100 at number fifteen, and sixty-six. They also charted on Hot 100 Airplay, as seventeen, and sixty-three. "Strong" also charted as twenty-one on Adult Contemporary list.

In 2013, Miyavi and Yuksek received the Best Collaboration award for "Day 1" at the MTV Video Music Awards Japan.

Track listing

References

2012 albums
Alternative rock albums by Japanese artists
Miyavi albums


title: Imnaha Basalt

text:
The Imnaha Basalt is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Geologic formations of Idaho
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Poison Creek Formation

text:
The Poison Creek Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Neogene Idaho


title: Railroad Canyon Beds Formation

text:
The Railroad Canyon Beds Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Neogene Idaho


title: Starlight Formation

text:
The Starlight Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Neogene Idaho


title: Garden City Formation

text:
The Garden City Formation is a geologic formation in Idaho. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Idaho
 Paleontology in Idaho

References

Ordovician Idaho
Ordovician geology of Utah
Ordovician southern paleotropical deposits