title: Farm Forestry Toolbox

text:
The Farm Forestry Toolbox is a collection of computer programs, referred to as 'Tools', intended to be used by farm forest owners and managers to aid decision making.  The Toolbox includes a set of simple 'Hand Tools'; conversion of measurements and map co-ordinates; measuring the volume of stacked logs, slope, basal area; and a survey tool. A second set of more complex tools or 'Power Tools'; can be used to estimate site productivity (growth rate), volume and value of wood grown for individual trees, at the coupe or stand level and forest estate level.

Background

Farm Forestry is a term used in Australia to describe the use of private land to grow wood products and provide a number of other ecosystem services. Private land is land registered under Torrens title and leasehold land, usually leased from the government. Farm Forestry is defined as 'establishment and/or management of trees or forests on agricultural landscapes for commercial, aesthetic and/or environmental reasons  The term 'Farm Forestry', as used in Australia, encompasses Afforestation, Agroforestry, Analog forestry, Buffer strip, Plantation, Reforestation, Riparian-zone restoration, Silvopasture and Windbreak.

Support for Farm Forestry is provided by both the Australian Government  and State governments.  In 2005 the Australian government released a Farm Forestry - National Action Statement.

Governments have provided grants, funded research, provided advice (extension) and tax incentives to encourage landowners to adopt Farm Forestry.

Rationale

The 'Tools' were initially developed to make routine tasks easier. For example, using the 'Stocking Tool' it is possible to calculated the number of trees required, given a row and in-row spacing, and area to be planted.

The 'Health Tool' has a similar approach.  A user can diagnose tree health problems using the Toolbox, replacing the need to use reference texts, or having to enlist the assistance of a forest health expert.

Forest researchers have developed a number growth models, but these models are often difficult to access and use.  The Toolbox was developed to ensure that growth models were available to farm forestry owners and managers, able to be used to inform decision making, and provide a link between the growth models outputs and financial modelling tools.

The 'Stand Manager' is more complex and used to calculate net present value, internal rates of return, and wood and product yield.  This Tool is used to explore management scenarios, and the resultant financial return and wood yield. A user of the 'Stand Manger' is required to create log grade sets (log specifications), regimes (sequence of events over the life of the rotation detailing events, including timing and costs/returns), as input data.  This Tool can also use the output from 'Site Productivity' and 'Inventory' tools.

Using the Toolbox
Users can 'customise' the Toolbox by using the 'Editors' and/or manual input of key data, such as growth rate.  This means the Toolbox can be used for any type of planted forest (windbreak or shelterbelt, agroforestry, woodlot, or plantation), and can be used for existing planted forest or an area being considered for planting.

Extensive user support is available for the Toolbox, with Manuals and Workbooks provided. In addition to 'On Screen Help', 'Help' panels are displayed in many Tools.  The Toolbox includes in the 'Editors' sample Log Grade sets, Regimes and Biomass sets, that a user can modify.

The 'Video Help' is available on the YouTube channel Farm Forestry Toolbox.

Toolbox Tools

Development

Dr Andy Warner, then an employee of Private Forests Tasmania, conceived the concept of the Farm Forestry Toolbox in 1996. He obtained funding support for, and managed, the development of versions 1 to 5.  Originally the Toolbox was promoted as a User Friendly PC Tree Modelling Package (versions 1 and 2).  Dr Warner also conducted training courses around Australia and overseas. Now living in Thailand, he continues to support the ongoing development and promotion of the current Toolbox for wider use internationally.

Adrian Goodwin, initially as an employee of Forestry Tasmania and since 2003 as principal consultant of Bushlogic, is responsible for most of the concepts and code, and continues to expand the functionality of the Toolbox package. He has presented the Toolbox to forest growers, foresters and educators in Australia and overseas.

The Toolbox Inventory tool is recognised in the A Standard for Valuing Commercial Forests in Australia, as a suitable tool to undertake inventory for the purposes of the Standard.

Access to Toolbox
The Toolbox was originally provide free of charge via CD. A free download is available from the Toolbox website.

The Toolbox was included in the 2009 CSIRO publication Agroforestry for Natural Resource Management.

A Workshop - The Farm Forestry Toolbox - Australia's most versatile and widely used forestry software, was conducted as part of the 8th Australia and the New Zealand Institute of Forestry (ANZIF) Conference (2015).

Farm Forestry Toolbox version 5

In 2008, Toolbox was completely re-written in VB.NET 2005 implementing .NET Framework 2. This has resulted in an improved user interface, and provided an opportunity to streamline code.

Version 5 of the Toolbox is sensitive to international currency and date formatting.  It is possible to set defaults for anywhere in the world and select any currency. Non-English help and instructions can be displayed by populating appropriately named folders with translated .RTF files. The Toolbox developers are in the process of “internationalising” some of the Toolbox programs so that all labels and headings can be translated to non-English.

A number of enhancements were made to Version 5.1, and labelled as Farm Forestry Toolbox Version 5.1 - Carbon Ready.  These enhancements allow a user to model biomass components and explore changes in accumulation of biomass due to climate change and changes in growth rates for planted forests.  Carbon planting regimes were developed and modifications to the 'Stand Manager' allows a user to explore options to use planted forests for carbon storage.

The Toolbox is able to be used for a wide range of plantation species in Australia, including mallee oil  and sandalwood. It is also suitable for inventory in teak plantations in Southeast Asia.

Version 5 contains 50 taper models, 15 empirical growth models, and 4 process-based growth models (3 parameterisations of AGGRO  and an adaption of 3PG  for oil mallee). AGGRO calibrations for P.radiata and E.nitens are currently unavailable and awaiting re-calibration.

It is reported that the Toolbox is being used in universities in Germany, Thailand, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Australia.

Farm Forestry Toolbox Versions

General version history

Recent version history for Version 5.x.x

Contribution to Toolbox from researchers and others

The Toolbox is a means of ensuring research output is made available for forest owners and managers.  The following summarises the contribution from researchers and others, and the organizations they worked for when the contribution was made  (Items available as part of the Toolbox download).

3PG-FFT - (in Site Productivity and Stand Manager) - developed by Joe Landsberg and Richard Waring  with additional contributions by Peter Sands and CSIRO.

AGGRO - (in Site Productivity and Stand Manager) - developed by Michael Battaglia of Ensis and CRC-Forestry with support for the Joint Venture Agro-Forestry Program (Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation/Land & Water Australia/Forest Wood Products Research Development Corporation/Murray Darling Basin Commission (Authority) - joint venture) (Project CPF-1A).

Biometric Models - Developed and programmed by Adrian Goodwin; Eric Keady (Forestry Plantations Queensland); Steve Candy (Forestry Tasmania); Jerry Vanclay (Southern Cross University); Yue Wang and Thomas Baker (School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne) with the support of the Forests and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation and the Department of Primary Industries (Victoria); and Justin Wong (Department of Sustainability and Environment Victoria).

Forest Health Keys - Software concept and original programming by Tim Osborn (Forestry Tasmania).  Keys prepared by Tim Wardlaw (Forestry Tasmania).  Additional unpublished information, advice  and comment were provided by the following specialists: Dick Bashford, Jane Elek, Andrew Walsh, Paul Adams (Forestry Tasmania); David de Little, Tim Hingston (Gunns Ltd); Dugald Close, Phil Smethurst, Clare McArthur, Caroline Mohammed, Geoff Allen, Marina Hurley (Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry); Andy Warner.  Unless otherwise acknowledged, photographs used in keys were taken by staff of Forestry Tasmania. Robyn Doyle provided many photographs taken specifically for use in this key.

Specialised models and data - Oil Mallee Production - Based on a concept by Alan Herbert, Senior Economist with AgWest and using growth models developed by John Bartle, Manager of the Farm Forestry Unit at  Department of Conservation and Land Management (Western Australia); and Adrian Goodwin. Data provided by Kim Brooksbank (AgWest, Farm Forestry and Revegetation group), Dan Wildy (University of Western Australia) and the Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre. Sandalwood Production - Data provided by Kim Brooksbank.

Citation of literature where Toolbox used to model outcomes
The Toolbox has been used to model financial and wood yield and results reported in peer reviewed publications, theses, and reports and proceedings.

Peer reviewed publications
 Battaglia, Michael. and Sands, Peter. J., 1997.  Modelling site productivity of Eucalyptus globulus in response to climate and site factors.  Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 24 (6): 831 - 850.
 Kube, P. D., & Raymond, C. A., 2005.  Breeding to Minimise the Effects of Collapse in Eucalyptus nitens Sawn Timber.  Forest Genetics 12(1):23-24, 2005.
 Wood M.J., McLarin M.L., Volker P.W, and Syme M., 2009. Management of eucalypt plantations for profitable sawlog production in Tasmania, Australia.  Tasforests Vol. 18 p 117 November 2009.
 Warner A.J., Monton Jamroenprucksa and Ladawan Puangchit 2016. Development and evaluation of teak (Tectona grandis) taper equations in northern Thailand..  Agriculture and Natural Resources

Thesis
 Baral, H. Ecosystem Goods and Services in Production Landscapes in South-Eastern Australia. Submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne. October 2013.
 Smith, A., The Development of Strategies for the Management and Research of Foliar Pathogens on Eucalypt Plantations: Using Mycosphaerellaas a Case Study. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, and CRC for Forestry and Ensis Forest Biosecurity and Protection, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. June 2006.
 Kube, P.D, Genetic Improvement of Wood Properties of Eucalyptus nitens - Breeding to improve solid wood and pulp properties.. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Tasmania. April 2005
 Candy, S. G.,  Predictive Models for Integrated Pest Management of the Leaf Beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata in Eucalyptus nitens Plantations in Tasmania. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Tasmania, and Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Production Forestry, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. December 1999.
 Warner, A.J. Development and Evaluation of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Taper Equations in Northern Thailand. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. Bangkok, Thailand. 2016.

Reports and conference proceedings

2002
 Osborn, T., and Warner, A., 2002. A Tree Health Diagnostic Tool for Farm Forestry Toolbox 4. Australian Forest Grower, Vol. 25, No. 3, Spring 2002: 16.
 Wood, M.J., Volker, P.W. and Syme, M.  (2002).  Eucalyptus plantations for sawlog production in Tasmania, Australia: optimising thinning regimes. Forestry Tasmania, Division of Forest Research and Development, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

2004
 Greave, B., Dutkowski, G., & McRae, T., 2004. Breeding Objectives for 'Eucalyptus globulus' for products other than Kraft pulp.  IUFRO Conference - Eucalyptus in a changing world.  Aveiro, Portugal 11–15 October 2015.
 Freudenberger D., Cawsey, E.M., Stol, J., & West, P.W., 2004. Sustainable firewood supply in the Murray-Darling Basin. CSIRO: Canberra.
 Wardlaw, T., 2004. The impact of a single epidemic of Mycosphaerella leaf blight on the growth of Eucalyptus globulus. Division of Forest Research and Development, Technical Report 15/2004, Forestry Tasmania, Hobart.
 Warner, A., 2004. Farm-Level Blackwood Experience: Tasmanian Observations in Blackwood Management: Learning from New Zealand. Proceedings of an International Workshop, Rotorua, New Zealand, 22 November 2002. Edited by A.G. Brown.  A report for the RIRDC/Land & Water Australia/FWPRDC/MDBC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program July 2004. RIRDC Publication No 04/086.

2005
 Finnigan, J., and Poulton, R., 2005. Commercial tree growing options with the Tasmanian NAP region : a computer based strategic investigation.  Australian Forest Growers and Private Forests Tasmania, 2005
 Volker, P., W., Greaves, B., & Wood, M,. Silvicultural Management of Eucalypt Plantation for Solid Wood and Engineered Wood Products - Experience from Tasmania, Australia in Plantation Eucalyptus: Challenge in Product Development:  Proceedings of the International Conference on Plantation Eucalyptus, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China, November 28 - December 1, 2005.  Science Pres, Beijing.  Editors Li Xiuwei, Liu Jing, Gai Yu, Li Feng.  Chinese Research Institute of Wood Industry, China Eucalyptus Research Center.

2008
 Dickenson, I. 2008. Balancing the three-legged stool: a Case Study of Forest Conversion and Conservation in Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production - Case Studies from Australian farms, forests and fisheries. Edited by. Lefroy, T. Baily, K. Unwin, G & Norton, T. CSIRO Publishing.

2009
 Baral, H., Kasel, S., Keenan, R., Fox, J., and Stork, N., 2009. GIS - based classification, mapping and valuation of ecosystem services in production landscapes: A case study of the Green Triangle region of south-eastern Australia. In: Forestry: a climate of change, Thistlethwaite, R., Lamb, D.,and Haines, R. (eds). pp. 64 –71. Proc. IFA Conference. Caloundra, Queensland, Australia, 6–10 September 2009.

2010
 Livingston, S., 2010. Wood Production Options:  Case Studies for Carbon Plantations – Extending R&D to best management practices for carbon sequestration, wood production and new investment opportunities on private land in Tasmania.  Funding from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry under its Forest Industries Climate Change Research Fund program.

2011
 Roberts, S., Read, S., McLarin, M., & Admans, P., Predicting the water-use of Eucalyptus nitens plantations in Tasmania using a Forest Estate Model. Forest & Wood Products Australia, Project Number: PNC143.0809 September 2011.

 Morgan, H., 2011. Benefits of Restoring Skyline Tier Scamander Plantation, Tasmania. June 2011. Author Helen Morgan, Bushways Environmental Services – Tasmania.  Prepared for The North East Bioregional Network -
 Wardlaw, T., 2011.  Managing Biotic Risk in Developing a Eucalypt Resource: Learning from Australia and Elsewhere.  Wood Technology Research Centre, Marlboro Research Centre, New Zealand. 2011, p 105 – 124.

2012
 Hydrological Impacts and Productivity Interactions of Integrated Oil Mallee Farming Systems: Landscape scale effects of dispersed mallee plantings. Edited by Kim Brooksbank.RIRDC Publication No. 11/161. RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000477
 May, B.,  M.,Bulinski, J., Goodwin,.A & Macleod, S. Tasmanian Forest Carbon Study
 pitt&sherry. 2012 Potential Timber Production Estimate from the Tasmanian Private Plantation Estate. Prepared for: Independent Verification Group. Prepared by: pitt&sherry and Esk Mapping & GIS Services for February 2012.

2013
 Sohn, J., McElhinny, C., Hilbig,. E., Grove, S., and Bauhus, J., 2013.  A Simplified Inventory Approach for Estimating Carbon in Coarse Woody Debris in High Biomass Forests. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 147, 2013 p 15-23.

2014
 Chan, H., 2014 A Case Study Using the Farm Forestry Toolbox to Determine Timber Volumes, Values and Financial Outcomes for Farm Forests. Presented at the Australian Forest Growers, National Farm Forestry Conference in Lismore, NSW. October 2014

See also

Deforestation
Forest farming
Forest informatics
Forestry
Private nonindustrial forest land

References

External links

 International Union of Forest Research Organisations
 Australian Agroforestry Foundation
 Australian Forest Growers

Forestry in Australia
Forestry tools
Agroforestry
Environmental science software
Forest modelling


title: Euderces andersoni

text:
Euderces andersoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997 and is known from Guerrero in southern Mexico. It is named for Robert S. Anderson from the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa.

References

Euderces
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces auricaudus

text:
Euderces auricaudus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces azureus

text:
Euderces azureus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces basimaculatus

text:
Euderces basimaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Supply Nation

text:
Supply Nation (formerly Australian Indigenous Minority Supplier Council) is a non-profit organisation that aims to grow the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander business sector through the promotion of supplier diversity in Australia. The organisation was founded in 2009 by Michael McLeod and Dug Russel, co-founders of Message Stick Communications, with pilot funding from the Federal Government.

Supply Nation certifies Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander businesses as being genuinely Indigenous by establishing that they are at least 51% owned, managed, and controlled by Indigenous Australians. Once an Indigenous business is certified it is able to use the Supply Nation certification logo on its marketing material, access the corporate and government Member database, and get discounted rates to Supply Nation events and workshops. Supply Nation has certified over 450 Indigenous businesses, covering nearly every industry sector. Supply Nation is part funded by the Federal Government, but gets the remainder of its funding by charging an annual membership fee to its corporate, government, and non-profit members.

On 1 July 2015, Supply Nation launched a new publicly available directory of 50% or more Indigenous-owned businesses, called Indigenous Business Direct. As of August 2018, Supply Nation had over 1,500 Indigenous businesses registered or Certified on Indigenous Business Direct.

Members
Becoming a member gives that company, non-profit organisation, or government agency access to Supply Nation services designed to boost that organisation's supplier diversity efforts. Members pay an annual fee depending on its size and structure. Since Supply Nation was founded, members have transacted over  with Certified Suppliers, translating to a significant boost to the Indigenous business sector. According to the Supply Nation website, there are currently 268 Members.

Indigenous Businesses
Indigenous businesses are Registered with Supply Nation first, which requires 50% minimum Indigenous ownership. Eligible businesses can then elect to be Certified, which requires 51% ownership, management and control by Indigenous people.

Registered businesses are considered genuinely Indigenous for the purposes of the Indigenous Procurement Policy and are listed on Indigenous Business Direct. Certified Suppliers receive a number of other benefits from Supply Nation and are aligned to the International standards of minority ownership set by Supply Nation's sister councils in USA, Canada, South Africa, China and the UK.

The government organisation Indigenous Business Australia (IBA) is also working towards the same cause by offering advice, workshops, support programmes, and funding to eligible Indigenous business owners.

References

External links

2009 establishments in Australia


title: Euderces batesi

text:
Euderces batesi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Gangnam Blues

text:
Gangnam Blues (; lit. Gangnam 1970) is a 2015 South Korean neo-noir action film written and directed by Yoo Ha, and starring Lee Min-ho and Kim Rae-won. The film is set in the 1970s against the backdrop of the real estate development of the Gangnam region of Seoul amidst socio-political turmoil and terrorism. The friendship of two childhood friends is tested as they find themselves entangled in the collusion and battles between political powers and criminal organizations.

Synopsis
In the 1970s, during the height of political corruption, Gangnam, the southern part of Seoul, is starting to transform into a developed area. Childhood friends, Jong-dae (Lee Min-ho) and Yong-ki (Kim Rae-won) struggle to get by, until their shanty homes are demolished by local thugs. Desperate for cash, they get involved in violent political clashes, and are separated during one of the skirmishes.

Three years later, Jong-dae lives as an adopted son of a former gang leader, Gil-soo (Jung Jin-young) and unknown to him, as a small-time gangster. Meanwhile, Yong-ki has risen as a made man inside Seoul's most powerful criminal organization, the Myeongdong-pa, under Yang Ki-taek (Jung Ho-bin). Jong-dae acquaints Min Seong-hee (Kim Ji-soo) and is entangled in real estate business through the tips Min Seong-hee gets from Park Seung-gu (Choi Jin-ho). Together, they enter into a bigger business of land-dealing. Jong-dae finally crosses paths with Yong-ki and they decide to co-operate and plan to eventually come into possession of what they desire; Jong-dae desires land while Yong-ki wants money. Min Seong-hee introduces Jong-dae to a disgraced politician, Seo Tae-gon (Yoo Seung-mok), who still has political controls and they agree to raise him up in the ladder of the political arena. They enter high-stake battles going on between various political parties over land in Gangnam, to acquire the land before its plot-value drives up, after being tipped on intel from the inside about the government's plan to include Gangnam as an extended part of the capital.

While the gangs fight over the rights to various plots and to maintain dominance in the power structure, Yong-ki betrays his people and eliminates opposition with Jong-dae. After falling under suspicion, Yong-ki kills Gil-soo to regain his gang's trust and keeps the truth from Jong-dae. Jong-dae finds out the truth on his own and keeps an eye on him. Meanwhile, Yong-ki's gang motivates him to overthrow Jong-dae when the mission is over and take over the entire gang and operation. After Seo Tae-gon's final mission, Yong-ki sets an ambush to kill Jong-dae, but Jong-dae, who is one step ahead, eliminates Yong-ki's gang members and spares Yong-ki after telling him to disappear.

Seo Tae-gon, to turn a new leaf in his career, recruits two new goons as his henchmen and assigns them to assassinate both Jong-dae and Yong-ki and they do so, while Seo Tae-gon announces his nomination for election. The ruling government then declares its intent to adjoin Gangnam to its capital. After years, an aged Seo Tae-gon addresses the developed city of Gangnam about his commitment to the city.

Cast

 Lee Min-ho as Kim Jong-dae
 Kim Rae-won as Baek Yong-ki
 Jung Jin-young as Kang Gil-soo
 Kim Ji-soo as Min Seong-hee
 Han Joon-woo as Tom
 Kim Seol-hyun as Kang Seon-hye
 Yoo Seung-mok as Seo Tae-gon
 Han Jae-young as Park Chang-bae
 Jung Ho-bin as Yang Ki-taek
 Choi Jin-ho as Park Seung-gu
 Um Hyo-sup as Kim Jung-kyu
 Heo Seong-min as Jae-pil
 Kim Yoo-yeon as Jeom-soon
 Ji Dae-han as Chang Deok-jae
 Kim Hyun as Banquet hall waltz team
 Choi Byung-mo as Section chief Mun
 Lee Jin-kwon as Myeongdong Gang
 Lee Seok as Chun-ho
 Kwak Min-ho as Min-kyu
 Jeon Bae-soo as Chairman Gu
 Park Min-gyu as Cheol-seung
 Jang In-ho as Myeong-chun
 Park Hyeok-min as Gyeong-pyo
 Jo Mun-ui as Saudi Kim
 Park Tong-il as Mayor of Seoul

Production
This was the final film in director-screenwriter Yoo Ha's "street series" trilogy, after Once Upon a Time in High School (2004) and A Dirty Carnival (2006). He called it "a story about people who are used, then discarded, about lives that are, like the buildings they live in, unauthorized. [...] represents the obsession over land ― land from which we are born, to which we return when we die. It is a feast of all things wretched."

Yoo originally didn't want to cast Lee Min-ho in the leading role, finding Lee's breakout performance in TV series Boys Over Flowers "a bit cheesy" and that the actor was "so handsome he was like a manhwa character". But after being convinced by his wife, Yoo realized the potentially huge impact of "flower boy" actors completely transforming their image, and together they collaborated to "burn to the ground" Lee's previous screen persona as a chaebol's son.

Yoo also asked actor Kim Rae-won to shed 15 kilograms since his character works as a rag man in the beginning of the film; Kim lost the weight in one month, which he said also made his fist-fighting scenes as a gangster more realistic.

Filming began on April 16, 2014 and wrapped on August 31, 2014.

The early Korean working title was Gangnam Blues (), which was changed to Gangnam 1970 in October 2014. Gangnam Blues was retained as the international English title.

Release

South Korea
Gangnam Blues was released in 684 theaters in South Korea on January 21, 2015. Despite its "restricted" rating, it topped the box office on its opening day, with 152,500 tickets sold. Within 5 days, it had reached the 1 million admission mark (1,097,103). After 35 days of release, the film recorded 2.19 million admissions.

An uncensored version (running time: 141 minutes) became available for streaming on VOD service IPTV on March 19, 2015.

China
The film was released with a different cut for the Chinese market in March 2015, in order to capitalize on Lee Min-ho's big fan base in the region. The new cut included more scenes of Lee, including those further developing the relationship between Lee's character and his love interest (played by Kim Seol-hyun), as well as an alternate ending.

Critical reception
Modern Korean Cinema'''s Pierce Conran called the film "an evocative and immensely entertaining saga that pits a common tale of brotherhood and betrayal against a thrilling period setting mired in violence and corruption" and praised it as "one of the most beautifully designed and lushly filmed Korean productions ever made". He found Lee Min-ho "thoroughly convincing as a rising gangster with a cool exterior and emotional core", but that Kim Rae-won's performance had "a little less depth", yet nevertheless was Kim's best performance since 2006's Sunflower'', in which he also played a gangster.

Soundtrack
"Anak" by Freddie Aguilar was used in both Filipino and Korean version of the 2015 for its trailer and actual feature.

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Gangnam Blues at Showbox

2015 crime action films
2015 films
Films about terrorism in Asia
Films directed by Yoo Ha
Films set in the 1970s
2010s Korean-language films
South Korean crime action films
South Korean neo-noir films
South Korean historical action films
2010s historical action films
Films about organized crime in South Korea
2010s South Korean films


title: The Moleman of Belmont Avenue

text:
The Moleman of Belmont Avenue is a 2011 American comedy horror film that was written and directed by Mike Bradecich and John LaFlamboy, who also starred. The film premiered in 2011 and was released to DVD on September 10, 2013.

Synopsis
The film opens with Marion (Mike Bradecich) unsuccessfully trying to persuade some tenants to remain in his run-down apartment building. The tenants' complaints stem from several issues, including the building's heat and power getting shut off and Marion stealing power from a nearby church. During this time Marion's brother Jarmon (John LaFlamboy) returns home from his latest get rich quick scheme, which has failed like all of his other attempts. The two brothers are bombarded by complaints from their tenants, mainly centering on the building's rundown state and the disappearance of everyone's pets.

The brothers discover that the pets have been taken by a "moleman" (Justin DiGiacomo) that has been eating the pets one by one. They launch a series of attempts to deter the moleman but ultimately end up failing to stop the creature from eating all of the building's pets. During this time they also end up making enemies of two local police officers. With the pet population depleted, Marion and Jarmon were hoping that the moleman would move on but soon find that it has begun to attack the building's occupants. They manage to initially stop the moleman from taking the elderly Mrs. Habershackle (Mary Seibel) but it returns to her apartment later and succeeds in taking her. Marion comes up with the idea of choosing specific occupants to feed to the creature to save the others, particularly the beautiful bartender that operates the bar beneath the building. This horrifies Jarmon and he tries to stop Marion, resulting in the moleman charging at them. They're saved at the last minute by Dave (David Pasquesi), a hermit living in one of the apartments and Marion's first choice to feed to the moleman.

Dave informs the two that the moleman had been around for years and had tried to attack him back when the building had been run by the brothers' mother. The only reason that the moleman had not waged such a wide attack on the building had been due to the building's heating system running and blocking off the moleman's route into the building (as he was using several underground prohibition-era bootlegging tunnels), but since the power had been shut off the moleman was able to freely access the building. Having had enough, they decide to take on the moleman and inform the building's occupants of everything that has happened. They go into the basement and succeed in killing the moleman, but discover that there wasn't one moleman but many. They barely manage to escape and light a fire in the heating system, blocking the mole men from pursuing them. The film then cuts forward to an undetermined point in time, where the two brothers have begun taking their jobs as landlords more seriously. They inform some new tenants that they must pay for all utilities except heat, as they run the heater year round due to the building being "drafty" (they do not inform them that it is actually done to keep mole men out of the building). The film ends with the two brothers going downstairs to respond to a warning by an alarm system that goes off whenever a moleman tries to come in through the heating system.

Cast
Justin DiGiacomo as Moleman
Mike Bradecich as Marion Mugg
John LaFlamboy as Jarmon Mugg
Nicholas Barron as Nicholas
Cat Bernier as Abby
Brian Boland as Adrian
Paul Clayton as Clown the Stoner
Dana DeLorenzo as Stoner Molly
Robert Englund as Hezekiah Confab
Dina Facklis as Catherine
Noah Gregoropoulos as The Trick
Greg Hollimon as Robert the Cop
T.J. Jagodowski as Paulie
Dan Jessup as Cat Box Daddy
Tim Kazurinsky as Harold
Mary Seibel as Mrs. Habershackle
David Pasquesi as Dave the Hermit

Reception
Critical reception for The Moleman of Belmont Avenue has been mixed. The Oklahoma Gazette and DVD Verdict both panned the film, and DVD Verdict wrote that "The Moleman of Belmont Avenue didn't inspire laughs. Instead, I just wanted it to end." Variety commented that "Progress is consistently amusing if seldom hilarious; momentum occasionally slackens" but that the film had its "cult-following credentials in order" by way of its cast members. Dread Central and Bloody Disgusting both praised the film, and Bloody Disgusting stated that "With great chemistry fueling the creators, the movie is definitely worth checking out."

References

External links

2011 films
2011 horror films
2011 comedy horror films
2011 comedy films
Films set in apartment buildings
2010s English-language films


title: Euderces bellus

text:
Euderces bellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces biplagiatus

text:
Euderces biplagiatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces brailovskyi

text:
Euderces brailovskyi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces disparicrus

text:
Euderces disparicrus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces elvirae

text:
Euderces elvirae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Junior Walker

text:
Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. (June 14, 1931 – November 23, 1995), known professionally as Junior Walker, was an American multi-instrumentalist (primarily saxophonist) and vocalist who recorded for Motown during the 1960s. He also performed as a session and live-performing saxophonist with the band Foreigner during the 1980s.

Early life
Walker was born Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. on June 14, 1931, in Blytheville, Arkansas, but grew up in South Bend, Indiana. He began playing saxophone while in high school, and his saxophone style was the anchor for the sound of the bands he later played in.

Career
His career started when he developed his own band in the mid-1950s as the Jumping Jacks. His longtime friend and drummer Billy Nicks (1935–2017) formed his own group, the Rhythm Rockers. Periodically, Nicks would sit in on Jumping Jack's shows, and Walker would sit in on the Rhythm Rockers shows.

Nicks obtained a permanent gig at a local TV station in South Bend, Indiana, and asked Walker to join him and keyboard player Fred Patton permanently. Nicks asked Willie Woods (1936–1997), a local singer, to perform with the group; Woods would learn how to play guitar. When Nicks was drafted into the United States Army, Walker convinced the band to move from South Bend to Battle Creek, Michigan. While performing in Benton Harbor, Walker found a drummer, Tony Washington, to replace Nicks. Eventually, Fred Patton left the group, and Victor Thomas stepped in. The original name, The Rhythm Rockers, was changed to "The All Stars." Walker's style was inspired by jump blues and early R&B, particularly players like Louis Jordan, Earl Bostic, and Illinois Jacquet.

The group was spotted by Johnny Bristol, and in 1961 he recommended them to Harvey Fuqua, who had his own record labels. Once the group started recording on the Harvey label, their name was changed to Jr. Walker All Stars. The name was modified again when Fuqua's labels were taken over by Motown's Berry Gordy, and Jr. Walker & the All Stars became members of the Motown family, recording for their Soul imprint in 1964.

The members of the band changed after the acquisition of the Harvey label. Tony Washington, the drummer, quit the group, and James Graves joined. Their first and signature hit was "Shotgun", written and composed by Walker and produced by Berry Gordy, which featured the Funk Brothers' James Jamerson on bass and Benny Benjamin on drums. "Shotgun" reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&B chart in 1965, and was followed by many other hits, such as "(I'm a) Road Runner", "Shake and Fingerpop" and remakes of two Motown songs "Come See About Me" and "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)", that had previously been hits for the Supremes and Marvin Gaye respectively. In 1966, Graves left and was replaced by old cohort Billy "Stix" Nicks, and Walker's hits continued apace with tunes such as "I'm a Road Runner" and "Pucker Up Buttercup".

In 1969, the group had another hit enter the top 5, "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)". A Motown quality control meeting rejected this song for single release, but radio station DJs made the track popular, resulting in Motown releasing it as a single, whereupon it reached No. 4 on the Hot 100 and No. 1 on the R&B chart.  From that time on, Walker sang more on the records than earlier in their career. He landed several more R&B Top Ten hits over the next few years, with the last coming in 1972. He toured the UK in 1970 with drummer Jerome Teasley (Wilson Pickett), guitarist Phil Wright (brother of Betty "Clean Up Woman" Wright), keyboardist Sonny Holley (The Temptations) and the youthful Liverpool UK bassist Norm Bellis (Apple). The band played two venues on each of the 14 nights. The finale was at The Valbonne in London's West End. They were joined on stage by The Four Tops for an impromptu set. In 1979, Walker went solo, disbanding the All Stars, and was signed to Norman Whitfield's Whitfield Records label, but he was not as successful on his own as he had been with the All Stars in his Motown period.

Walker re-formed the All Stars in the 1980s. On April 11, 1981, Walker was the musical guest on the season finale of Saturday Night Live.  Foreigner's 1981 album 4 featured Walker's sax solo on "Urgent". He later recorded his own version of the song for the 1983 All Stars's album Blow the House Down. Walker's version was also featured in the 1985 Madonna film Desperately Seeking Susan. In 1983, Walker was re-signed with Motown. In the same year, he appeared as a part of the Motown 25 television special which aired on May 16, 1983.

In 1988, Walker played opposite Sam Moore as one-half of the fictional soul duo The Swanky Modes in the comedy Tapeheads. Several songs were recorded for the soundtrack, including "Bet Your Bottom Dollar" and "Ordinary Man", produced by ex-Blondie member Nigel Harrison.

Death
Walker died of cancer at the age of 64 in Battle Creek, Michigan, on November 23, 1995. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Battle Creek under a marker inscribed with both his birth name of Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. and his stage name.

Awards and honors
Junior Walker & the All Stars received three Grammy Award nominations:

 "Shotgun" - Best Rhythm and Blues Recording (1965)
 "What Does It Take" - Best R&B Instrumental Performance (1969)
 "Wishing on a Star" - Best R&B Instrumental Performance (1979)

He was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1995. Walker's "Shotgun" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002. Jr. Walker & the All Stars were voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2007.

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

See also
List of Motown Records artists
List of soul musicians
List of people from Arkansas

References

External links
History of Rock 'n' Roll entry
Jr. Walker & The All-Stars on the Soulwalking UK website

1931 births
1995 deaths
American male saxophonists
Deaths from cancer in Michigan
Motown artists
Singers from Arkansas
People from Blytheville, Arkansas
20th-century American saxophonists
20th-century African-American male singers
Soul-jazz saxophonists


title: Euderces grossistriatus

text:
Euderces grossistriatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces guatemalenus

text:
Euderces guatemalenus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Marty Fletcher

text:
Martin P. "Marty" Fletcher (born March 6, 1951) is an American retired college basketball coach. Coaching for over twenty seasons from the early 1980s to the 2004, Fletcher led three different Division I schools while winning two conference regular season and tournament championships while collecting over 250 total wins. During the 2003–04 season, Fletcher was the only coach in Division I or Division II to be the head coach for a school's men's and women's teams. That year, he took over the University of Colorado Colorado Springs' (UCCS) men's team for one season while also spending his third year in charge of the women's team.

He is a 1973 graduate of the University of Maryland.

Coaching career
Fletcher first became a head coach in 1982 for the Virginia Military Institute following the departure of his predecessor Charlie Schmaus. Schmaus had led the Keydets to a Sweet Sixteen appearance in 1977 and a 26–4 record, their best in school history. The team was led by future VMI Hall of Famer and NBA player Ron Carter. Despite the initial success, however, by the time Fletcher took over, the Keydets were coming off a 1–25 season and had only won five times in the past two years. In their first season under their new head coach, VMI continued to struggle with a 2–25 record, but showed significant improvement the following year and achieved a winning record by 1985 at 16–14. Fletcher then left the school the next season, leaving VMI with a .330 winning percentage.

Fletcher's most endured period of success came at the University of Southwestern Louisiana, now known as Louisiana. As the Ragin' Cajuns head coach for eleven years, he led the school to a regular season and tournament championship in 1992 in their inaugural Sun Belt Conference season, as well as another tournament title in 1994. Seven of Fletcher's eleven years at Louisiana produced winning seasons.

Fletcher then left for the Denver Pioneers, who were a Division II school at the time of his arrival. He assisted the program in its transition to Division I and the Sun Belt, but could not produce a winning season at Denver. He left the school following the conclusion of the 2000–01 season.

Head coaching record
Note: These are for his college men's teams only. His time as UCCS's women's coach is not included in these records.

References

1951 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American women's basketball coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Denver Pioneers men's basketball coaches
High school basketball coaches in Maryland
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns men's basketball coaches
NC State Wolfpack men's basketball coaches
UCCS Mountain Lions men's basketball coaches
UCCS Mountain Lions women's basketball coaches
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
VMI Keydets basketball coaches


title: Euderces linsleyi

text:
Euderces linsleyi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces noguerai

text:
Euderces noguerai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces obliquefasciatus

text:
Euderces obliquefasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces paraposticus

text:
Euderces paraposticus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces perplexus

text:
Euderces perplexus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces postipallidus

text:
Euderces postipallidus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces propinquus

text:
Euderces propinquus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces proximus

text:
Euderces proximus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Sentier NB Trail

text:
The Sentier NB Trail is a network of hiking trails in New Brunswick, Canada built on abandoned railways. The trails are mostly closed to motorized vehicles. The network is operated by the New Brunswick Trails Council, a non-profit organization. Some portions of the trail are also part of the Trans Canada Trail.

References

Hiking trails in New Brunswick
Trans Canada Trail
Rail trails in New Brunswick


title: Euderces pusillus

text:
Euderces pusillus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces succinus

text:
Euderces succinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces tibialis

text:
Euderces tibialis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: History of Woman Suffrage

text:
History of Woman Suffrage is a book that was produced by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage and Ida Husted Harper.  Published in six volumes from 1881 to 1922, it is a history of the women's suffrage movement, primarily in the United States.  Its more than 5700 pages are the major source for primary documentation about the women's suffrage movement from its beginnings through the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which enfranchised women in the U.S. in 1920.  Written from the viewpoint of the wing of the movement led by Stanton and Anthony, its coverage of rival groups and individuals is limited.

Realizing that the project was unlikely to make a profit, Anthony used money from a bequest in 1885 to buy the rights from the other authors and also the plates from the publisher of the two volumes that had already been issued.  As sole owner, she published the books herself and donated many copies to libraries and people of influence.  In her will, Anthony bequeathed the plates for all the volumes together with the existing inventory to the National American Woman Suffrage Association.

Writing and publishing

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leaders of National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA), initiated the project of writing a history of the women's suffrage movement in 1876. The project dominated their lives for much of the next decade, although Anthony in particular also maintained a busy schedule of lecturing and other women's suffrage activities.  Originally envisioned as a modest publication that would take only four months to write,
it evolved into a work of more than 5700 pages written over a period of 41 years.  It was completed in 1922, long after the deaths of Stanton and Anthony in 1902 and 1906 respectively.

In the introduction the authors wrote: "We hope the contribution we have made may enable some other hand in the future to write a more complete history of 'the most momentous reform that has yet been launched on the world—the first organized protest against the injustice which has brooded over the character and destiny of one-half the human race.'"
The first volume is dedicated to the memory of pioneering women in the movement, with Mary Wollstonecraft, author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), prominently listed first.

The first three volumes, which cover the history of the movement from its beginnings to 1885, were written and edited by Stanton, Anthony and Matilda Joslyn Gage.  Volume 1 (1848–1861) appeared in 1881, Volume 2 (1861–1876) in 1882 and Volume 3 (1876–1885) in 1886.
Some early chapters first appeared in Gage's newspaper, The National Citizen and Ballot Box.

Anthony had for years saved letters, newspapers clippings, and similar materials of historical value to the women's suffrage movement. In 1876 she shipped several trunks and boxes of these materials to the Stanton house in New Jersey and moved into that household herself to begin working on the project with Stanton.
Anthony hated this type of work.  In her letters, she said the project "makes me feel growly all the time... No warhorse ever panted for the rush of battle more than I for outside work.  I love to make history but hate to write it."
The work inevitably led to disagreements.  Stanton's daughter Margaret reported that "Sometimes these disputes run so high that down go the pens, one sails out of one door and one out of the other, walking in opposite directions around the estate, and just as I have made up my mind that this beautiful friendship of forty years has at last terminated, I see them walking down the hill, arm in arm."

When Stanton was ill for several months in 1881, her daughter Harriot completed her editorial work for volume 2. Dismayed to learn that Anthony and Stanton had no plan for covering the history of the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), a rival to their NWSA, Harriet Stanton also wrote that 107-page chapter herself with information gathered primarily from the Woman's Journal, a periodical published by the AWSA.

According to Ellen Carol DuBois, a historian of the women's movement, "The initial volumes are very broadly conceived, a combination of Stanton's broad philosophical range, Anthony's organizational energies and Gage's historical sensibilities."
Anthony was the business manager.  Stanton wrote much of the text, providing it with her distinct historical interpretation.  Gage wrote several historical essays, including a long one that critically assesses Christianity's attitude toward women throughout history.
Gage also provided a significant number of historical documents to the project and was adept at tracking down additional documentation in libraries.

In addition to chronicling the movement's activities, the initial volumes include reminiscences of movement leaders and analyses of the historical causes of the condition of women.  They also contain a variety of primary materials, including letters, newspaper clippings, speeches, court transcripts and decisions, and conference reports.  Volume three includes essays by local women's rights activists who provided details about the history of the movement at the state level. At Anthony's insistence, the volumes were indexed by a professional indexer and include many expensive steel engravings of women's rights leaders.

A bequest of $24,000 from Eliza Jackson Eddy to Anthony in 1885 provided financial assistance for the completion of these volumes.
Recognizing that there was little chance of the project showing a profit, Anthony paid Stanton and Gage for their shares of the rights to the books.  She issued Volume 3 in 1886, listing herself as publisher.  She also bought the plates of Volumes 1 and 2, which had already been published, from Fowler and Wells, the publisher, and reprinted them in 1887, again listing herself as publisher.  Anthony gave away over 1000 copies at her own expense, mailing them to political leaders and libraries in the U.S. and Europe. Publishing the first three volumes cost Anthony about $20,000.

Volume 4, which covers the period from 1883 to 1900, was published by Anthony in 1902, when she was 82 years old.  Its editors are listed as Anthony and her younger protégé Ida Husted Harper, but Harper did most of the work."
(Anthony also chose Harper to write her biography.)  In an indication of the increased acceptance of the women's suffrage movement, Harvard University sent in an order for Volume 4.  Less than twenty years earlier, when Anthony sent the school free copies of the first three volumes, Harvard had declined the gift and returned the books.

Publishing the volumes herself presented a variety of problems for Anthony, including finding space for the inventory.  She was forced to limit the large number of books she was storing in the attic of the house she shared with sister because the weight was threatening to collapse the structure.

Volumes 5 and 6 were published in 1922 by the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), long after Anthony's death in 1906.  Written edited by Harper, they are a pair of volumes that cover different aspects of the period from 1900 to 1920, the year that the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified.  That amendment, popularly known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, prevents the denial of voting rights on the basis of sex.

The last three volumes include detailed information about the NAWSA, documenting its conventions, officers, committee reports and activities on both a national and state-by-state basis.  The NAWSA was formed in 1890 by a merger of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. The former was led by Anthony and Stanton, while the latter was for twenty years its rival under the leadership of Lucy Stone.  Anthony was the dominant figure in the merged organization.
The last three volumes avoid discussion of conflicts within the women's movement during the period they cover.  On the contrary, the narrative has a tone of the inevitability of the movement's victory under the leadership of a few talented leaders.

In her will, Anthony bequeathed the plates for the History of Woman Suffrage together with the existing inventory to the National American Woman Suffrage Association.

In 1978 Mari Jo Buhle and Paul Buhle condensed the most important parts of the massive History of Woman Suffrage into The Concise History of Woman Suffrage and published it as a single volume of fewer than 500 pages.

Limitations

The History of Woman Suffrage provides only limited coverage to groups and individuals who competed with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton for leadership of the women's suffrage movement.  It only partially portrays the role of Lucy Stone, a pioneering women's rights advocate and a leader of the AWSA, a rival to the NWSA led by Stanton and Anthony.  Stanton urged Stone to assist with the history project by writing an account of her own role in the movement, but Stone refused, saying the project should be left to a later generation because none of the leaders of the two rival groups would be able to write an impartial history.  Stone accordingly provided Stanton with only minimal information about her activities and asked Stanton not to write a biographical sketch of her for inclusion in the history.
A 107-page chapter on the history of the AWSA was included, however, compiled by Stanton's daughter Harriot Stanton Blatch in 1882.  The History of Woman Suffrage provides only minimal coverage of the activities of the militant National Woman's Party, founded in 1913 by Alice Paul and other activists who were formerly members of the NAWSA.

According to historian Ellen Carol DuBois, the History of Woman Suffrage established for several decades the consensus view of the history of the women's movement, a "frozen account of the past, a history characterized by celebration, inevitability and canonization".
Historian and biographer Lori D. Ginzberg said, "In that story, Stanton alone articulated the demand for woman suffrage, and Anthony led the charge; there was only one major organization (theirs); and the differences of principle that led to the division brooked no debate."
Historian Lisa Tetrault said that Stanton and Anthony mapped a single, accessible narrative onto what had in fact been "a sprawling, multifaceted campaign".
Tetrault said they placed themselves and their allies at the center of the story and minimized or ignored the roles of Stone and others who did not fit into their narrative.
Scholarly research into women's history began to break out of this framework with the publication of Eleanor Flexner's Century of Struggle in 1959.

Significance

In Woman Suffrage and Women's Rights, historian Ellen Carol DuBois said "There is nothing in the annals of American reform quite like History of Woman Suffrage, a prolonged, deliberate effort on the part of activists to ensure their place in the historical record."
The Encyclopedia of Women's History in America described the History of Woman Suffrage as "the fundamental primary source for the women's suffrage campaign".
In Elizabeth Cady Stanton: an American Life, Lori D. Ginzberg similarly described it
as "the major, if not the definitive, collection of primary source materials on the nineteenth-century movement."
Referring to the several volumes of the History, Tetrault said, "More than 125 years after their publication, they remain an indispensable source, having stood for much of that time as the richest repository of published, accessible documentary evidence of nineteenth century suffrage movements."

Images of main contributors

The History of Woman Suffrage contains more than 80 images of women activists, including these images of its four main contributors:

See also
List of suffragists and suffragettes
List of women's rights activists
Timeline of women's suffrage
Women's suffrage organizations and publications
Women's suffrage organizations

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Barry, Kathleen. Susan B. Anthony: A Biography of a Singular Feminist.  Ballantine Books, New York, 1988.
 Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. The Encyclopedia of Women's History in America, second edition, Facts on File, New York, 2000.
 DuBois, Ellen Carol.  Woman Suffrage and Women's Rights.  New York University Press, New York, 1998.
 Ginzberg, Lori D.  Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life.  Hill and Wang, New York, 2009.  .
 Gordon, Ann D., ed. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: National Protection for National Citizens, 1873 to 1880 (Vol. 3), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2003. .
 Gordon, Ann D., ed. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony: When Clowns Make Laws for Queens, 1880 to 1887 (Vol. 4), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2006. .
 Harper, Ida Husted. The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony.  Three volumes: Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3. Bowen-Merrill Company and Hollenbeck Press, Indianapolis, 1898–1908.
 Kelly, Martha, "A Little History of The History of Woman Suffrage," IOBA Standard Online, Volume VI, Number 1, Spring Edition 2005, the journal of the Independent Online Booksellers Association.
 Kerr, Andrea Moore. Lucy Stone: Speaking Out for Equality. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992.
 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gage, Matilda Joslyn; Harper, Ida.  History of Woman Suffrage.  Six Volumes:Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3, Vol. 4, Vol. 5, Vol. 6, Rochester, New York: Susan B. Anthony and Charles Mann Press, 1881–1922.
 Tetrault, Lisa. The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women's Suffrage Movement, 1848-1898. University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

External links
The complete History of Woman Suffrage is freely available in a variety of formats at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive.  The combined index for the first three volumes is in volume 3.  The index for each of the remaining volumes is in that volume itself.
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I (1848–1861) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume II (1861–1876) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume III (1876–1885) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume IV (1883–1900) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume V (1900–1920) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
History of Woman Suffrage, Volume VI (1900–1920) at Project Gutenberg, Google Books and Internet Archive
 The Encyclopedia of Women's History in America by Kathryn Cullen-DuPont summarizes the type of content in each of the six volumes on pages 115-117.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's autobiography, Eighty Years and More: Reminiscences, 1815-1897, Chapter XX, "Writing the History of Woman Suffrage", pages 322-336, has additional information.

Further reading

 Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul. The Concise History of Woman Suffrage. University of Illinois, 1978.

1881 non-fiction books
1882 non-fiction books
1886 non-fiction books
1922 non-fiction books
19th-century history books
20th-century history books
History books about politics
Books about feminism
Women's suffrage in the United States
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
History of women's rights
Books about activists
Literature about women's suffrage in the United States


title: Euderces turnbowi

text:
Euderces turnbowi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces venezuelensis

text:
Euderces venezuelensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces wappesi

text:
Euderces wappesi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert and Chemsak in 1997.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1997


title: Euderces acutipennis

text:
Euderces acutipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Guatemala.

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces cleriformis

text:
Euderces cleriformis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Central and North America between Panama and southern Mexico.

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles of North America
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces cribellatus

text:
Euderces cribellatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Panama and Costa Rica.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1885
Beetles of Central America
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces hoegei

text:
Euderces hoegei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Veracruz and Chiapas in southern Mexico.

References

Euderces
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces laevicauda

text:
Euderces laevicauda is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Guatemala and southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas).

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Sóndor (Cusco)

text:
Sóndor (possibly from Quechua suntur: congress, meeting) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Calca Province, on the border of the districts of Calca and Lamay. Sóndor lies southeast of a group of lakes. The largest of them is Pampacocha (possibly from Quechua for "plain lake"). South of the mountain there is an intermittent stream named Vilcabamba. It flows to the southwest as a right tributary of the Vilcanota River. The confluence is in Lamay.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Euderces magnus

text:
Euderces magnus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Guatemala.

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces reticulatus

text:
Euderces reticulatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Central and North America, specifically from Belize, Guatemala, and southern Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas).

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces rubellus

text:
Euderces rubellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1874 and is known from Central America, specifically from Guatemala and Nicaragua.

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces sculpticollis

text:
Euderces sculpticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885 and is known from Guatemala.

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles described in 1885
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces yucatecus

text:
Euderces yucatecus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1892 and is known from Yucatán, Mexico.

References

Euderces
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1892
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces aspericollis

text:
Euderces aspericollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak in 1969.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1969


title: Euderces bicinctus

text:
Euderces bicinctus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linsley in 1935.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1935


title: Euderces boucardi

text:
Euderces boucardi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1862 and is known from Central and North America, specifically from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, and southern Mexico (Chiapas).

References

Euderces
Beetles of Central America
Beetles of North America
Beetles described in 1862
Taxa named by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat


title: Euderces cribripennis

text:
Euderces cribripennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1892 and is known from Guerrero and Morelos in southern Mexico.

References

Euderces
Beetles of North America
Insects of Mexico
Beetles described in 1892
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Euderces dilutus

text:
Euderces dilutus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1975.

References

Euderces
Beetles described in 1975


title: Engal Thangam

text:
Engal Thangam () is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Krishnan–Panju. The film stars M. G. Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa. It was released on 9 October 1970 and became a success, besides winning three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

Plot

Thangam, a truck driver comes to the rescue of Sumathi, his blind younger sister, by putting on (by assuming) the offences of Moorthy, her husband. Moorthy is a childhood friend of Thangam. Today, Moorthy fell to the hands of a mysterious group of burglars, because he is the best professional safe-cracker in the city. Thangam wants at all costs to save him from this gang and to stop them. Thangam will be helped in his quest by Kaladevi, his lover.

Cast

Production
On learning that M. Karunanidhi and Murasoli Maran were bankrupt, M. G. Ramachandran acted in Engal Thangam without taking any remuneration.

Themes
The colours of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) flag – red and black – are featured in the attire Ramachandran frequently wears in the film as his character. The song "Naan Sethu Pulachavanda", where he sings that he has risen from the dead, is a reference to Ramachandran having survived a gunshot wound inflicted on his throat by M. R. Radha in 1967.

Soundtrack
Music is composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Vaali. The song "Don't Touch Mr X" includes English lyrics. "Thangapadhakkathin Mele" was remixed in Vetrivel Sakthivel (2005).

Release and reception
Engal Thangam was released on 9 October 1970, and distributed by Venus Movies. The film ran for over 100 days in theatres. It won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film – Second Prize, Vaali won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist, and Pushpalatha won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female).

References

Bibliography

External links

1970 action films
1970 films
1970s Tamil-language films
Films directed by Krishnan–Panju
Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan
Indian action films


title: First Devi Lal ministry

text:
Devi Lal twice became Chief Minister of Haryana. First time he was chief minister from 21 June 1977 to 28 June 1979. Here is the list of ministers in his first ministry:

Ministers
Devi Lal, Chief Minister
Mangal Sein, Industries Minister
Ran Singh, Agriculture Minister
Mool Chand Jain, Finance Minister
Verander Singh, Irrigation & Power Minister
Bhajan Lal, Cooperation & Dairy Development Minister
Prit Singh, Revenue Minister
Bir Singh, Development Minister
Lachhman Singh, Public Works Minister
Kamla Verma, Health & Printing & Stationery Minister
Ram Lal Wadhwa, Local Government Minister
Hira Nand, Education Minister
Mehar Singh Rathi, Jails Cultural Affairs Minister
Sher Singh, Excise & Taxation Minister
Gajraj Bahadur Nagar, Food & Supplies Minister

See also
Second Devi Lal ministry (1987–1989)

References

Janata Party state ministries
Lal
1977 establishments in Haryana
1979 disestablishments in India
Cabinets established in 1977
Cabinets disestablished in 1979


title: Mantada

text:
Mantada is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pamidimukkala mandal of Vuyyuru revenue division.
Mantada is 31kms away from vijayawada
Mantada is 37kms away from machilipatnam
nearby railway stations Vijayawada Junction railway station, Gudivada Junction railway station and Machilipatnam railway station

References

Villages in Krishna district
Villages in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region


title: Cantharellus lewisii

text:
Cantharellus lewisii is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae.

Discovered in 2011, it is found in the Southeastern United States where it associates with floodplain hardwoods. Its name honours American mycologist David Lewis.

References

External links

lewisii
Fungi of the United States
Fungi described in 2011
Fungi without expected TNC conservation status


title: Vos (Danish band)

text:
Vos is a Danish girl group from Als Island, founded in the 1980s. The members are Ilse Dahl, Kathrine Schmidt, Hanne Schmidt and Bente Nissen.

Singles
"E Spritte"

References

Danish musical groups


title: Afghan cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2014

text:
The Afghanistan national cricket team toured Zimbabwe from 13 July to 5 August 2014, playing four ODIs and two first-class matches against the Zimbabwean team. The tour was originally scheduled for January 2014 but as a result of player strikes in Zimbabwe it was postponed until later in the year.

Squads

Tour matches

List A: Zimbabwe A v Afghans

List A: Zimbabwe A v Afghans

ODI series

1st ODI

2nd ODI

3rd ODI

4th ODI

First-class series

First FC

Second FC

References

External links
 Series at Cricinfo
 Stanikzai returns for Zimbabwe tour

2014 in Afghan cricket
2014 in Zimbabwean cricket
Afghan cricket tours of Zimbabwe
International cricket competitions in 2014
Zimbabwean cricket seasons from 2000–01


title: 2012 WA State League Premier Division

text:
The 2012 season of the State League Premier Division started on 24 March between eleven clubs and the National Training Squad (NTC). The Season ended on 6 October with the Championship decider. The NTC did not play for competition points.

Bayswater City were the Premiers – their first title – and Sorrento were Champions.

Pre-season changes

League table

Finals

References

Soccer in Western Australia
2012 in Australian soccer
2012


title: Cantharellus altipes

text:
Cantharellus altipes is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it is found in Texas, where it grows in oak-pine woods.

References

External links

altipes
Fungi of the United States
Natural history of Texas
Fungi described in 2011
Fungi without expected TNC conservation status


title: Mypadu Beach

text:
Mypadu Beach is located on the East coast of Bay of Bengal, at a distance of  from SPSR Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh. The beach is maintained by the state tourism board, APTDC. The beach provides fishing opportunities for the local fishermen, and access to cruises for the tourists.
The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC), is taking certain measures to promote Mypadu Beach as a tourist destination by setting up recreational activities such as water sports and development of resorts.

See also
List of beaches in India

References

Beaches of Andhra Pradesh
Geography of Nellore district


title: South Florida PGA Championship

text:
The South Florida PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the South Florida section of the PGA of America.  The tournament has been played annually since 1979, the year the section was founded.  Alan Morin and Paul Trittler have the most victories with three. PGA Tour winners who have also won the South Florida PGA Championship include Bruce Fleischer (twice), Julius Boros, Bob Murphy, and Tom Shaw.

Winners

References

External links
PGA of America – South Florida section
South Florida PGA Professional Championship

Golf in Florida
PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1979


title: 2014 Baltic Chain Tour

text:
The 2014 Baltic Chain Tour was the fourth modern edition of the Baltic Chain Tour road cycling race. It was held over a period of five days between 20 and 24 August 2014. The race was a part of the 2014 UCI Europe Tour with a race classification of 2.2. This year the tour coincided with the 25th anniversary of the Baltic Chain, a peaceful political demonstration that occurred on 23 August 1989, with approximately two million people joining their hands to form a human chain spanning over  across the three Baltic states.

Teams
A total of 20 teams raced in the 2014 Baltic Chain Tour: 12 UCI Continental teams, 5 national teams and 3 amateur tams.

Belarus (national team)

EC St Etienne-Loire
Estonia (national team)
Experiment 23
Team Frøy–Bianchi
Germany (national team)

Lithuania (national team)

Russia (national team)
SJK Viiking

Top Team Cycling

Route

Stages

Stage 1
20 August 2014 — Vilnius (Lithuania) to Panevėžys (Lithuania),

Stage 2
21 August 2014 — Riga (Latvia) to Sigulda (Latvia),

Stage 3
22 August 2014 — Valmiera (Latvia) to Pärnu (Estonia),

Stage 4
23 August 2014 — Pärnu (Estonia) to Viljandi (Estonia),

Stage 5
24 August 2014 — Viljandi (Estonia) to Tallinn (Estonia),

Classification leadership table

References

External links

Baltic Chain Tour
Baltic Chain Tour
Baltic Chain Tour
Baltic Chain Tour
Baltic Chain Tour


title: Lanthanum aluminate

text:
Lanthanum aluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula LaAlO3, often abbreviated as LAO. It is an optically transparent ceramic oxide with a distorted perovskite structure.

Properties
Crystalline LaAlO3 has a relatively high relative dielectric constant of ~25. LAO's crystal structure is a rhombohedral distorted perovskite with a pseudocubic lattice parameter of 3.787 angstroms at room temperature (although one source claims the lattice parameter is 3.82). Polished single crystal LAO surfaces show twin defects visible to the naked eye.

Uses

Epitaxial thin films
Epitaxially grown thin films of LAO can serve various purposes for correlated electrons heterostructures and devices. LAO is sometimes used as an epitaxial insulator between two conductive layers. Epitaxial LAO films can be grown by several methods, most commonly by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

LAO-STO interfaces

The most important and common use for epitaxial LAO is at the lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface. In 2004, it was discovered that when 4 or more unit cells of LAO are epitaxially grown on strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO), a conductive 2-dimensional layer is formed at their interface. Individually, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 are non-magnetic insulators, yet LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces exhibit electrical conductivity, superconductivity,
ferromagnetism, large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity.  The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface is a growing area of research in condensed matter physics.

Substrates
Single crystals of lanthanum aluminate are commercially available as a substrate for the epitaxial growth of perovskites, and particularly for cuprate superconductors.

Non-epitaxial thin films
Thin films of lanthanum aluminate were considered as candidate materials for high-k dielectrics in the early-mid 2000s. Despite their attractive relative dielectric constant of ~25, they were not stable enough in contact with silicon at the relevant temperatures (~1000 °C).

See also
 Lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface
 High-k dielectrics
 LSAT (oxide)
 Perovskite structure

References

Lanthanum compounds
Aluminates
Inorganic compounds
Perovskites


title: Bali, Baghpat district

text:
Bali is a village in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located in the Baghpat block of the Baghpat district.

Administration

The village is administered by a Panchayat. In 2021 the Sarpanch (village chief) at present smt Poonam Devi. He has served from 2016-2021

Economy

Agriculture is the main occupation. Major crops include sugarcane, wheat and rice. Vegetables including gourds, pumpkins, potatoes, ladyfinger, spinach, radish and carrots are cultivated. Some villagers work at Baghpat Cooperative Sugar Mills, one-half km from Baghpat city.

Education

The village has four schools: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel School, Shaeedh Manveer National School and two Govt. schools. Sunil coaching classes are there. The nearest colleges are located in neighbouring towns Agarwal mandi tatiri, Baghpat and Baraut, and Baghpat.

Facilities
The village has a small hospital; neighbouring Baraut is home to Aastha Multi-speciality hospital. Several bigger hospitals are located in Baghpat. Sarvodaya hospital ks located in Tatari village.

Transport
Baghpat road Railway Station is 2 km from the village.

Culture
Temples include Shiv mandir, Baba mohan ram mandir Devi mandir, Balmikhi mandir, Ravidas mandir, and Mata mandir.

Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, Bali had a population of 5,005 including 2,670 males and 2,335 females. Its literacy rate of 76.74% was above the state average. The literacy is higher among males (87.84%) than females (64.16%). Mandaar clan of Gurjars form the majority of the population.

References

Villages in Bagpat district


title: Second Devi Lal ministry

text:
Devi Lal twice became Chief Minister of Haryana. Second time he was chief minister from 17 July 1987 to December 1989. Here is the list of ministers in his second cabinet:

Cabinet Ministers
Devi Lal, Chief Minister
Banarsi Das Gupta, Deputy Chief Minister
Dr. Mangal Sein, Deputy Chief Minister
Verender Singh, Irrigation & Power Minister
Dr. Kirpa Ram Punia, Industries Minister.
Suraj Bhan, Revenue Minister
Sampat Singh, Home Minister
Hukam Singh, Development Minister
Ram Bilas Sharma, Public Health Minister
Kamla Verma, Health and Ayurveda Minister
Luxmi Narain, Industrial Training Minister
Om Parkash Bhardwaj, Public Works Minister
 Sushma Swaraj - Education Minister
Rao Ram Narain, Excise and Taxation Minister
Parma Nand, Forests and Wild Life Preservation Minister
Subhash Chand Katyal, Social Welfare Minister
 Ranjit Singh Chautala, Agriculture Minister
 Dr. Maha Singh, Tourism Minister
 Ved Singh Malik, Transport Minister

Ministers of State
Dr. Raghuvir Singh, Minister of State for Cooperation
Dharambir, Minister of State for Transport
Balbir Singh, Minister of State for Labour and Employment
Azmat Khan, Minister of State for Animal Husbandry
Sita Ram Singla, Minister of State for Sports and Cultural Affairs
Nar Singh, Minister of State for Food and Supplies
Hari Singh, Minister of State for Civil Aviation
Manphool Singh, Minister of State for Printing and Stationery
Hasan Mohammad, Minister of State for Wakf
Lachhman Singh, Minister of State for Housing
Sachdev, Minister of State for Dairy Development

See also
First Devi Lal ministry (1977–1979)

References

Lal 02
1987 in India
Janata Dal state ministries
1987 establishments in Haryana
1989 disestablishments in India
Cabinets established in 1987
Cabinets disestablished in 1989


title: Lucio Fernandez

text:
Lucio P. Fernandez is a Cuban-American politician and entertainer, who works as the Commissioner of Public Affairs in Union City, New Jersey, where he serves under Mayor Brian P. Stack. He is also an artist, author, singer, actor, dancer, playwright, screenwriter, producer and film director who has been credited with being instrumental in reviving the arts in Union City.

Early life
Lucio Fernandez was born in Havana, Cuba to Lucio Pablo Gallardo and Herminia Fernandez, a seamstress. He has a brother Frank and two sisters, Anna and Pabla. Lucio and his family lived in poverty, a situation made worse by the fact that Lucio Pablo was a political prisoner. Years later, as a citizen of Union City, New Jersey, where Cuban émigrés are common, Fernandez commented on these roots thus:

I'm as Cuban as a cheeseburger. But I know the history. My father and stepfather were both political prisoners. My father had his hair and nails pulled out. For many people in Union City, there are such stories in their families.

When Herminia was forced to leave the country for political reasons, the family lived in Spain for one year before emigrating to the United States in the 1970s, when Fernandez was a child. They lived first in North Bergen, New Jersey and then in Union City, New Jersey, where he grew up. After attending Union Hill High School, he studied at Rutgers University/Newark Campus, initially double majoring in engineering and business. According to Fernandez, he was strolling through the campus with a friend one day when they stopped at the Theater Department. After seeing the black box theater, Fernandez explains, "I knew right away that's where I wanted to be." Fernandez switched majors, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Theater Arts. He later graduated from the Bobby Lewis Theatre Workshop in Manhattan.

Career

Entertainment

After graduating Fernandez began auditioning, sending out hundreds of photos and résumés every week, while simultaneously taking classes for singing, acting and dancing. He eventually began to get responses, and joined the Screen Actors Guild, Actors' Equity Association and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, with whom he did television and radio acting, including TV commercials and small roles in movies and soap operas. From 1985 to 1997, he toured nationally and internationally with productions of shows such as West Side Story, Jesus Christ Superstar, A Chorus Line and Guys and Dolls, working alongside performers such as Marc Anthony, Shirley MacLaine and Gene Kelly, and with directors and choreographers such as Jerome Robbins, Jerry Zaks, Michael Peters. In the course of his touring he traveled as far as Ecuador and Mexico City.

In September 2000 Fernandez and his wife, Megan, founded the non-profit Grace Theatre Workshop, which provides free lessons in various fields of the arts to children. It was named after its first home, Union City's Grace Episcopal Church's auditorium, where it began with seven students, but as of 2007 it is run out of Jose Marti Freshman Academy, where it serves approximately 120 children. In 2004 they founded their own film production company, MeLu Films.

In 2001 Fernandez began hosting the local access show Ensalada (Salad), a bilingual "man-on-the-street" show in which he asks people on the streets of Union City "hard-hitting social questions about life in the city".

Fernandez leads a Latin jazz band called CuJazz, which Fernandez, who enjoys producing free form poetry, says provides him a way to set his poems to music. In 2003 CuJazz released the independent album, Volver A Ti, which features eight tracks of covers and originals, including "Besame Mucho" and "Nuestro Olvido", for which Fernandez's vocals were praised by The Hudson Reporter.

In 2008 Fernandez produced an autobiographical stand-up comedy concert, The Cuban Kid, which focuses on his experiences as a native of Cuba growing up in New Jersey and dividing his time as a performer and an elected official. The show was written by Fernandez and his collaborator, Union City Historian Gerard Karabin, featured musical arrangements by Mark Goodman, and was directed by Fernandez's wife Megan. The show garnered Fernandez a nomination for a 2008 MAC Award and won him the 2009 ITRA Award for Best Performance Theatrical (Male).

In 2009, Fernandez and MeLu Films began production on Vampire in Union City, a surrealist, 48-minute-long independent art film, and the first theatrically-released film set in and shot almost entirely in Union City. Written by Karabin, and produced, directed by and starring Fernandez, the film follows the quest of a demented man obsessed with death and the living dead as he roams Union City, and is based on the theme that big cities are more conducive to loneliness than small towns.  It stars local artists, and utilizes Union City landmarks almost exclusively as shooting locations, such as St. John's Episcopal Church, and Hackensack Reservoir No. 2. (Only one location outside of the city, a property in North Bergen, was used for a cemetery scene in order to avoid disturbing a real cemetery.) Fernandez and Karabin hoped the film might inspire other filmmakers to consider Union City as a shooting location. The world premiere was held on September 3, 2010, at the Summit Quadplex on Summit Avenue, the first world premiere of a film in Union City. The film was later screened for general audiences at the Union City Performing Arts Center as part of Union City's Celebrate Art Month, an event Fernandez helped bring about. It was later screened at Mexico's Alberto Andrade Gallery Expo and Sweden's Hellsen Gallery, and aired by Cablevision during September 2010. It was made available for purchase at www.FilmBaby.com and at www.MeLuFilms.com.

In October 2011, Fernandez premiered his autobiographical stage show, Lucio ... Less Cuban Than Ever, at the Laurie Beechman Theater in Manhattan. Like his previous show, The Cuban Kid, Less Cuban Than Ever focuses on Fernandez's life as a Cuban-American, and the experience of being raised in the United States while maintaining roots in another country, but consists of Fernandez's signature comedy antics, interaction with audience members and singing show tunes rather than standup comedy. It was co-written by Fernandez and Karabin, directed by noted cabaret director Lenny Watts, and includes dancers and an eight-piece band of Broadway veterans led by Mark Goodman, a Broadway veteran who met Fernandez in 1996 during their run in West Side Story. The show sold out its original four engagements, and required a fifth show to be added.

In 2013 Fernandez starred in the play Till Death, a dark comedy that he began writing in 1985 while a student at Rutgers. The story was inspired by the "Latin Lover" philanderers he knew growing up, and asks the question, "What if you met the perfect woman, the woman of your dreams, the woman who had everything you ever wanted but couldn't find, and all she is interested in is seeing you suffer?" Fernandez plays Tony, a desperately delusional and suicidal man, tormented by nightmares and memories of women from his past. His co-star, Ruth Kavanagh, played a multi-faceted, ghost-like "perfect woman" who volunteers to help him kill himself, despite his persistent failed attempts to do so. The world premiere was held at The Producers' Club Theatre in Manhattan on November 20, 2013.

Fernandez produces his own TV show on Cablevision and Comcast, Live on Stage, which promotes local artists in the North Hudson County area, and also produces an entertainment newspaper called Sunlight News.

In 2016 Fernandez's production company Melu Films produced the video for "Que Viva USA", a single by Ray Machado's Cuban-American fusion band Máxima Alerta, on which Fernandez serves as one of the vocalists, as well as its manager. The video, directed by Brandon Medina, features his wife Megan as one of the dancers.

In 2017, Fernandez appeared in a supporting role in actor/director Pablo Yotich's Argentine action film Almas de Furia, which was screened at the Union City Performing Arts Center as part of the NoHu International Film Festival.

On May 19, 2018, Fernandez was one of three media figures inducted into Union City's Celia Cruz Park Walk of Fame, along with actor Eduardo Antonio, and Latin Grammy winner Amaury Gutierrez.

Politics
In the 1990s, while Fernandez was offering free performance classes for neighborhood children, he became friends with local civic leader Brian P. Stack. Though politics was not a lifelong vocation for Fernandez, and he had not previously supported any particular politician, he came to admire Stack's commitment to the betterment of the city and his interest in Fernandez's initiatives, as Stack was the only one who Fernandez says would return his phone calls.

In the early 2000s, Fernandez was appointed a trustee of the Union City Board of Education, and he was a past president of the Union City Day Care Center Board of Trustees. He also served on the Union City Redevelopment Board, and the Union City Public Library Friends. In 2003, Fernandez was made deputy director of Union City's Department of Public Affairs, his first formal position in assisting assist Stack with cultural and artistic endeavors in the city.

In late January 2004 Fernandez was named a commissioner of the Union City Housing Authority, a job he says he took because it would allow him to liaise with seniors and veterans, and address their needs. When asked about questions raised about why a performer by trade would accept a political position, Fernandez responded, "Everything to me is interconnected. Culture drives everything, and I know the culture." In 2006, he was elected Commissioner of Public Affairs.

The Hudson Reporter has credited him with being instrumental in reviving the arts in Union City during his time as Commissioner. In June 2010, to tie into Union City's 85th anniversary, Fernandez and Karabin published Union City in Pictures, a photo book documenting their home town's various locations. That same year Fernandez was involved in the creation of the Union City Plaza of the Arts on Bergenline Avenue between 30th and 31st Streets, which opened in December 2010 as a venue for artists to congregate and showcase their work. The location, which sees copious traffic to and from Midtown Manhattan, was chosen in order to showcase the city in a positive light to commuters, and so that the plaza could represent fine arts alongside the adjacent Pietro Di Donato Plaza and Celia Cruz Plaza, which represent literature and music, respectively.

Fernandez oversaw the construction and curating of the William V. Musto Cultural Center, which opened in 2011, and with Karabin, spearheaded a program that has dedicated several historic markers around the city, which Fernandez hopes could eventually be used as a tour guide.

In 2012, Fernandez, wanting to increase the city's honoring of local artists, produced the first-ever Union City Artist Awards, an annual red carpet event that honors multiple artists in the visual and the performing arts, and others who contribute to the city's culture.

On April 20, 2018, Union City's Performing Arts Center hosted the official premiere of Union City, U.S.A., a documentary on the city's history and culture. It was written, directed, and produced by Fernandez, who began research for the film in 2008. Fernandez and city historian Gerard Karabin conducted interviews with numerous past and current residents of the city for the film.

Personal life

Fernandez's mother Herminia died in 1995, and as of 2009, his father and siblings reside in Florida.

Fernandez met his future wife, Megan, one night in 1997 while riding a bus back from Manhattan. Fernandez recounts, "I was about to go back on tour with West Side Story but I decided not to", and he ended up staying in Union City. They married in 2005, and have a son, Ryan, born January 29, 2013. Megan is an actress/singer/dancer/choreographer who has appeared with her troupe, Tap Ole Dance Company, on the reality television program America's Got Talent. The two have also performed dance routines in public.

In addition to his aforementioned artistic activities, Fernandez also enjoys painting and photography, snorkeling, horseback riding, and hiking. He enjoys modern jazz and the music of Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin. He has studied karate and is a fan of the New York Yankees.

Awards and nominations

Awards
2009 ITRA Award for Best Performance Theatrical (Male) (for The Cuban Kid)
2013 Premio ARTE Award for Outstanding Actor (for Busco Amigo)
2013 ATI Award for Best Actor (for Cuba: Punto X)
2014 ATI Award for Best Actor (for Till Death)
2014 ACE Award for Outstanding Career in Theatre
2018 Induction into Union City's Celia Cruz Park Walk of Fame

Nominations
2008 MAC Award nomination (for The Cuban Kid)

Discography
Volver A Ti (2003)
Lucio Fernandez: Poetry (2006)
Enamorado (2010)
American Mambo (2013)

References

External links

"Lucio's Blog". Blogger
MeLu Films
"Lucio Fernandez". The New York Times

Living people
People from Havana
Cuban emigrants to the United States
American entertainers of Cuban descent
People from North Bergen, New Jersey
Politicians from Union City, New Jersey
Union Hill High School alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Cuban male singers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male screenwriters
Film directors from New Jersey
American male film actors
Male actors from New Jersey
American film studio executives
New Jersey Democrats
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American male writers
Screenwriters from New Jersey


title: Cantharellus roseocanus

text:
Cantharellus roseocanus is a species of fungus in the family Cantharellaceae. Found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, it was originally described in 1997 as a variety of Cantharellus cibarius, and later promoted to distinct species status in 2012.

References

External links

roseocanus
Fungi described in 1997
Fungi of North America


title: 1856 United States elections

text:
The 1856 United States elections elected the members of the 35th United States Congress and the President to serve from 1857 until 1861. The elections took place during a major national debate over slavery, with the issue of "Bleeding Kansas" taking center stage. Along with the 1854 elections, these elections occurred during the transitional period immediately preceding the Third Party System. Old party lines were broken; new party alignments along sectional lines were in the process of formation. The Republican Party absorbed the Northern anti-slavery representatives who had been elected in 1854 under the "Opposition Party" ticket (consisting largely of former Whigs) as the second-most powerful party in Congress. Minnesota and Oregon joined the union before the next election, and elected their respective Congressional delegations to the 35th Congress.

In the Presidential election, Democratic former Secretary of State James Buchanan defeated Republican General John Fremont and the American Party candidate, former President Millard Fillmore. Buchanan swept the South and split the North with Fremont, while Fillmore won Maryland. Buchanan had defeated incumbent President Franklin Pierce (the first elected president to lose his party's presidential nomination) and Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois on the 17th ballot at the 1856 Democratic National Convention. Fremont defeated Supreme Court Justice John McLean at the 1856 Republican National Convention to take the Republican nomination. Fillmore's third-party candidacy took over twenty percent of the popular vote, the best popular vote showing by a third party until Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 candidacy.

In the House, the Democratic Party won several seats to take the plurality, but narrowly missed taking the majority. The Republican Party established itself as the second-largest party in the House, replacing the Opposition Party. The American Party lost numerous seats, but continued to maintain a presence in the House. Democrat James Lawrence Orr won election as Speaker of the House.

In the Senate, Democrats made minor gains, maintaining their commanding majority. The Republican Party replaced the Opposition Party as the second-largest party, while the American Party picked up a small number of seats.

See also
1856 United States presidential election
1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections
1856–57 United States Senate elections

References

1856