title: Swyddfa'r Sir

text:
Swyddfa'r Sir () is a Grade II listed former hotel, former main offices of Ceredigion County Council and former Magistrates Court building located in Aberystwyth, well known as the outside of the police station in the BBC Wales police television series Y Gwyll (Hinterland).

History

Originally constructed as a detached hotel on the town's seafront, it was opened in 1866 by the Hafod Hotel Company as the "Queen's Hotel". Designed by C. Forster Hayward of Hayward & Davis in the then popular symmetrical Hôtel de Ville style, it was a smaller-scale version of his earlier 1863 Duke of Cornwall Hotel in Plymouth. The five storey premises – basement, ground floor plus three upper floors – created a total floor area of , providing 83 bedrooms. Built by George Lumley of Aberystwyth, the dressed stone exterior was capped by a Mansard roof of locally sourced Welsh slate. Internally, the main entrance in a gothic architecture style led to a staircase, lit from above by a stained glass window in the mezzanine. The entrance area also included access to an early passenger lift, and the ballroom. Many of the main spaces included acanthus plaster ceilings, whilst other public areas were faced with quartz and ore panels. The ground floor toilets presently remain intact, equipped with the original ceramic sinks and brass taps.

Commandeered as the local Royal Air Force base and accommodation unit during the Second World War, Aberystwyth Council purchased the building post-war, and after conversion under County Architect G. R. Bruce, used the building from 1950 onwards. Due to the space available, during the council's period of occupation the building was additionally used for periods of time as: a dentistry; emergency evacuation hospital; a police station; a register office for weddings; an Aberystwyth University lecture theatre; and the county archives. The local circuit Magistrates Court later moved into the building, using the former ballroom as their main court.

Ceredigion County Council moved to the newly built Canolfan Rheidol in mid-2009, with the court remaining until 2012. In December 2013 the council placed the unoccupied building up for sale at £1million, under chartered surveyors Cooke & Arkwright. After it did not sell, the council chose in June 2014 to put the building up for public auction.

The building was subsequently sold for £530,000 and was being converted by Hawkstone Ltd into a spa hotel that would also have 20 luxury flats and 19 studio apartments for rent. The developers expected to spend £5 million on the renovation.

Y Gwyll (Hinterland)

From April 2013, the Welsh television production company Fiction Factory started filming the police television series Y Gwyll (Hinterland), starring Richard Harrington. Filmed in both Welsh and English, the Welsh version was broadcast on S4C from October 2013, the bilingual on BBC One Wales from January 2014 and BBC Four from March 2014. Shot over a 124-day period in and around Aberystwyth and the surrounding Ceredigion region, the unoccupied building acted as both the series production offices, and the external face of Swyddfa'r Sir serves as the outside of the series' fictional police station. In light of the building's proposed sale, the production company requested access for the second series, which was to be filmed starting in September 2014. Only the exterior was used for filming of that second series.

References

Hotel buildings completed in 1866
Buildings and structures in Aberystwyth
Grade II listed buildings in Ceredigion
Defunct hotels in Wales
1866 establishments in Wales


title: Donald Bruce House

text:
Donald Bruce House, also known as Middlepen Plantation, is a historic plantation home located near Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was originally built during the 18th century in downtown Orangeburg and was moved to Middlepen Plantation about 1837. The house is a two-story frame structure with a two-tiered front piazza.  It was used as headquarters during the American Revolution at different times by both Governor John Rutledge and by the British commander, Lord Francis Rawdon.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The house is not open to public tours.

References

Plantation houses in South Carolina
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1837
Houses in Orangeburg County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Orangeburg County, South Carolina


title: John Drummond, 10th of Lennoch

text:
John Drummond (died 1752), 10th of Lennoch and 3rd of Megginch Castle in Perthshire, was a Scottish Member of Parliament.

He was the oldest son of Adam Drummond of Megginch (1649-1709), 9th of Lennoch and his wife Alison, daughter of John Hay of Haystoun. His father was a member of the Scottish Parliament and a member of the Privy Council of Scotland.  His brother Adam Drummond (1679-1758) a  surgeon-apothecary in Edinburgh became (jointly) the first Professor of Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh.

Career
At the 1727 general election he was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Perthshire, defeating the sitting MP Mungo Haldane.
The election was closely fought, and was decided by a circle centred on Robert Craigie, who chose Drummond, the favoured candidate of the 2nd Duke of Atholl.

Drummond voted infrequently in the House of Commons, and retired from Parliament at the 1734 election.

Personal life

In 1712 he married Bethia Murray, daughter of James Murray of Deucar.  They had five sons and one daughter:
 Adam (1713–1786), an army officer, and an MP for most of the years 1761–84
 Patrick, Francis and John died before their parents
 Colin, born 1722, who had ten children, including John (1754–1835, MP for Shaftesbury); General Gordon Drummond (1772–1854), and Admiral Sir Adam Drummond KCH, who bought Megginch Castle from his older brother, Robert Drummond, a Captain of an East Indiaman ship trading with the Far East.
 Jean married the 2nd Duke of Atholl in 1749, after the death of the Duke's first wife. After the Duke's death she remarried, to Lord Adam Gordon

His nickname was "Sir Francis Wronghead", after a character in the play The Provoked Husband.

References

Year of birth unknown
1752 deaths
People from Perthshire
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
British MPs 1727–1734


title: The Freud/Jung Letters

text:
The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung is a book, edited by William McGuire and first published by Princeton University Press in 1974, that compiles the 360 letters that psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung wrote to each other from 1906 until their break in 1914.

Lionel Trilling wrote in The New York Times, "In no way does it disappoint the large expectation it has naturally aroused," and (apart from minor reservations about some of the translations) the quality of the edition is widely recognised.

Thematics
Besides providing a wealth of material about both the theoretical and the institutional developments of early psychoanalysis, the correspondence also charts the intense relationship between Freud and Jung during the period in question. Where Jung wrote of his "unconditional veneration" for Freud, the latter in turn claimed that "Your person has filled with confidence in the future." What has been seen as a mixture of narcissistic idealisation and grandiosity on the part of both men, combined with the persisting theoretical differences of substance over the Libido theory in particular, led ultimately to the break-up of the relationship - giving the shape of the correspondence something of the appearance of a classic tragedy.

See also

References

External links
Princeton University Press

Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung


title: Timeline of Port Harcourt

text:
This is a timeline of the history of Port Harcourt, the capital of Rivers State, Nigeria.

19th century

20th century

 1925 - Braithwaite Memorial Hospital begins operating.
 1961 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Harcourt established.
 1965 - Port Harcourt Refining Company founded.
 1971 - Newspaper The Tide begins publication.
 1972
 Rivers State College of Science and Technology opens.
 Sharks football club formed.
 1975
 University College, Port Harcourt created
 Port Harcourt Zoo established.
 1977 - University College gains University status becomes University of Port Harcourt.
 1980
 Rivers State University of Science and Technology replaces Rivers State College of Science and Technology.
 University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in operation.
 1981 - Radio Rivers begins broadcasting.
 1984 - Rivers State School of Basic Studies commences in Port Harcourt.
 1985 - Rivers State Television inaugurated.
 1988 - Dolphins football club is founded.
 1993 - Sister-city relationship with Kansas City formed.
 1995 - Ken Saro-Wiwa and Ogoni Nine buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery.
 1996 - Meridian Hospital begins operating.
 1999 - Rivers State School of Basic Studies revamped and renamed to Rivers State College of Arts and Science.

21st century

 2001 - Liberation Stadium opens.

 2004
 Population: 1,133,400.
 National Network newspaper begins publication.
 2005 - Sosoliso Airlines Flight 1145 crashes.
 2006
 Port Harcourt International Airport stop operations for maintenance.
 Population: 1,382,592.
 2008
 Garden City Literary Festival begins.
 Street Rhymes Studios in business.
 2009 - Port Harcourt International Airport named Nigeria's third busiest airport.
 2010 - Bus electrocutions accident.
 2011 - 91.7 FM begins broadcasting.
 2012
 Port Harcourt selected 2014 World Book Capital.
 Massacre of four Uniport students.
 2013
 Kelsey Harrison and Rivers State Dental and Maxillofacial hospitals start to function.
 I'm on Fire becomes most successful mixtape by a Port Harcourt-based artist.
 Port Harcourt International Fashion Week begins.
 Garden City Literary Festival gets new name: Port Harcourt Book Festival.
 2014 - Port Harcourt World Book Capital takes place.

See also
 Timelines of other cities in Nigeria: Ibadan, Kano, Lagos

References

Bibliography

External links

Port Harcourt
Port Harcourt
Port Harcourt-related lists


title: List of Akame ga Kill! episodes

text:
Akame ga Kill! is an anime television series adapted from the manga series of the same title by Takahiro and Tetsuya Tashiro. The story focuses on Tatsumi, a young villager who travels to the Capital to raise money for his home, only to discover a strong corruption in the area. The assassin group known as Night Raid recruits the young man to help them in their fight against the corruption of the Empire. He quickly finds out how corrupted the Capital really is.

Produced by White Fox and directed by Tomoki Kobayashi, it was broadcast in Japan on the Tokyo MX network from July 7, 2014 to December 15, 2014. The anime primarily adapts the first eight volumes of the manga, while the last five episodes feature a completely original, self-contained story arc giving insight to Night Raid's efforts to destroy the Empire, which resulted in it having a different ending to that of the manga. In July 2014, Sentai Filmworks licensed the series for an English release in North America, while Crunchyroll streamed the series in their official website. The episodes were collected on eight DVD and Blu-ray volumes from October 15, 2014 to May 20, 2015. The series aired on Adult Swim's Toonami programming block from August 9, 2015 to February 21, 2016.

The background music was composed by Taku Iwasaki. Four pieces of theme music are used for the series. The first opening theme song is "Skyreach" performed by Akame's voice actress Sora Amamiya. The first ending theme is  by Miku Sawai. The second opening theme song is "Liar Mask" performed by Rika Mayama. The second ending theme is  performed by Amamiya.

Episode list

Original net animations
The ONA series is produced by C-Station with cooperation by White Fox and are directed by Masafumi Tamura with character designs by Asami Watanabe.

Home media release

Japanese

English

See also
List of Akame ga Kill! chapters
List of Akame ga Kill! characters

Notes

References

Akame ga Kill!


title: Meistera

text:
Meistera is an Asian genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae.  Species have been recorded from Tropical & Subtropical Asia to northern Queensland.

Species
Plants of the World Online currently includes:

 Meistera aculeata (Roxb.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera acuminata (Thwaites) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera agastyamalayana (V.P.Thomas & M.Sabu) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera benthamiana (Trim.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera botryoidea (Cowley) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera calcarata (Lamxay & M.F.Newman) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera cannicarpa (Wight) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera celsa (Lamxay & M.F.Newman) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera cerasina (Ridl.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera chinensis (Chun ex T.L.Wu) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera dallachyi (F.Muell.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera deoriana (D.P.Dam & N.Dam) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera echinocarpa (Alston) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera elephantorum (Pierre ex Gagnep.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera fulviceps (Thwaites) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera gagnepainii (T.L.Wu, K.Larsen & Turland) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera ghatica (K.G.Bhat) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera graminifolia (Thwaites) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera gyrolophos (R.M.Sm.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera kinabaluensis (R.M.Sm.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera koenigii (J.F.Gmel.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera lappacea (Ridl.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera loheri (K.Schum.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera masticatorium (Thwaites) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera mentawaiensis (A.J.Droop) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera mizoramensis (M.Sabu, V.P.Thomas & Vanchh.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera muricarpa (Elmer) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera newmanii (M.Sabu & V.P.Thomas) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera nilgirica (V.P.Thomas & M.Sabu) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera ochrea (Ridl.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera oligantha (K.Schum.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera propinqua (Ridl.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera sahyadrica (V.P.Thomas & M.Sabu) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera sceletescens (R.M.Sm.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera stephanocolea (Lamxay & M.F.Newman) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera tomrey (Gagnep.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera trichostachya (Alston) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera vermana (S.Tripathi & V.Prakash) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera verrucosa (S.Q.Tong) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera vespertilio (Gagnep.) Skornick. & M.F.Newman
 Meistera yunannensis (S.Q.Tong) Skornick. & M.F.Newman

References

External links

Alpinioideae
Zingiberales genera


title: Wurfbainia

text:
Wurfbainia is an Asian genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae.  Species have been recorded from the Himalayas, S. China, Indo-China and W. & Central Malesia.  It has previously been placed as a synonym of Amomum.

Species
Plants of the World Online currently includes:
 Wurfbainia aromatica (Roxb.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia bicorniculata (K.Schum.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia biflora (Jack) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia blumeana (Valeton) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia compacta (Sol. ex Maton) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia elegans (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia glabrifolia (Lamxay & M.F.Newman) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia gracilis (Blume) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia graminea (Wall. ex Baker) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia hedyosma (I.M.Turner) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia jainii (S.Tripathi & V.Prakash) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia longiligularis (T.L.Wu) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia micrantha (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia microcarpa (C.F.Liang & D.Fang) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia mindanaensis (Elmer) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia mollis (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia neoaurantiaca (T.L.Wu, K.Larsen & Turland) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia palawanensis (Elmer) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia quadratolaminaris (S.Q.Tong) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia schmidtii (K.Schum.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia staminidiva (Gobilik, A.L.Lamb & A.D.Poulsen) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia tenella (Lamxay & M.F.Newman) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia testacea (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia uliginosa (J.Koenig) Giseke - type species
 Wurfbainia vera (Blackw.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen

References

External links

Eponymous genera
Flora of Indo-China

Zingiberales genera


title: Graziella al Porto Napoli

text:
The church of the Graziella al Porto Napoli or Santa Maria delle Grazie al Porto Napoli is a small Roman Catholic church in Naples, Italy. The church is just behind the church of Pietà dei Turchini, on vico Graziella al Porto. It is accessible through narrow alleys from via Medina, along the church of San Diego all'Ospedaletto and the former Royal Conservatory, but also by pedestrian alleys from via Guglielmo San Felice and via De Pretis. It is located in the rione San Giuseppe Carità.

In 1737, the architect Angelo Carasale, in order to signal his gratitude to the providence granted by the Virgin, decided to erect this church, initially named Santa Maria delle Grazie. Carasale had found success when he was granted direction of the Teatro San Bartolomeo by King Charles III. The church was in the custody of the Mercedarian order until 1801, when it was transferred to the Confraternity of Santi Bernardo e Margherita. That group merged in 1859 with the Confraternity of Santa Maria Visita Poveri. Since the 1980 Irpinia earthquake the church has remained closed, like many other nearby churches including Santa Barbara dei Cannonieri and San Giacomo degli Italiani.

The main altar has a canvas of the Virgin granting a banner to San Pietro Nolasco by Giuseppe Bonito and two lateral canvases Madonna and San Carlo Borromeo also by Bonito, and a Crucifixion by M. Rossi. San Pietro Nolasco was the founder of the Mercedarian order.

References

Former churches in Naples
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Baroque architecture in Naples
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1737
1737 establishments in Europe


title: Conamomum

text:
Conamomum is an accepted genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae and tribe Alpinieae.  Its native range is from Indochina to W. Malesia.

Species
Plants of the World Online currently includes:
 Conamomum citrinum Ridl. - type species
 Conamomum cylindraceum (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum cylindrostachys (K.Schum.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum flavidulum (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum pierreanum (Gagnep.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum rubidum (Lamxay & N.S.Lý) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum spiceum (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum squarrosum (Ridl.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum utriculosum Ridl.
 Conamomum xanthophlebium (Baker) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen
 Conamomum vietnamense N.S.Lý et al.

References

External links

Zingiberaceae
Flora of Indo-China
Flora of Malesia


The 2014 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold was the ninth grand prix gold and grand prix tournament of the 2014 BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix. The tournament was held in Taipei Arena, Taipei, Chinese Taipei July 15–20, 2013 and had a total purse of $200,000.

Players by nation

Men's singles

Seeds

  Son Wan-ho (quarter-final)
  Wang Zhengming (final)
  Hu Yun (third round)
  Nguyen Tien Minh (quarter-final)
  Simon Santoso (third round)
  Chou Tien-chen (first round)
  Lin Dan (champion)
  Hsu Jen-hao (third round)
  Takuma Ueda (quarter-final)
  Wei Nan (semi-final)
  Lee Dong-keun (second round)
  Sourabh Varma (withdrew)
  Henri Hurskainen (first round)
  Tan Chun Seang (second round)
  Wong Wing Ki (third round)
  Wang Tzu-wei (third round)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Bottom half

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Women's singles

Seeds

  Sung Ji-hyun (champion)
  Bae Yeon-ju (quarter-final)
  Tai Tzu-ying (second round)
  Han Li (quarter-final)
  Yip Pui Yin (semi-final)
  Liu Xin (final)
  Pai Hsiao-ma (second round)
  Hsu Ya-ching (semi-final)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Men's doubles

Seeds

  Lee Yong-dae / Yoo Yeon-seong (withdrew)
  Kim Ki-jung / Kim Sa-rang (withdrew)
  Lee Sheng-mu / Tsai Chia-hsin (first round)
  Markus Fernaldi Gideon / Markis Kido (first round)
  Ko Sung-hyun / Shin Baek-cheol (second round)
  Berry Angriawan / Ricky Karanda Suwardi (first round)
  Cai Yun / Lu Kai (first round)
  Liang Jui-wei / Liao Kuan-hao (first round)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Women's doubles

Seeds

  Wang Xiaoli / Yu Yang (final)
  Jang Ye-na / Kim So-young (quarter-final)
  Jung Kyung-eun / Kim Ha-na (withdrew)
  Nitya Krishinda Maheswari / Greysia Polii (champion)
  Huang Yaqiong / Tang Yuanting (semi-final)
  Ko A-ra / Yoo Hae-won (quarter-final)
  Yuriko Miki / Koharu Yonemoto (first round)
  Ou Dongni / Yu Xiaohan (quarter-final)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

Mixed doubles

Seeds

  Ko Sung-hyun / Kim Ha-na (withdrew)
  Lee Chun Hei / Chau Hoi Wah (withdrew)
  Markis Kido / Pia Zebadiah Bernadeth (semi-final)
  Lu Kai / Huang Yaqiong (second round)
  Shin Baek-cheol / Jang Ye-na (second round)
  Kim Ki-jung / Kim So-young (withdrew)
  Yoo Yeon-seong / Eom Hye-won (quarter-final)
  Lee Yong-dae / Shin Seung-chan (withdrew)

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

Chinese Taipei Open
Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold
BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix
Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold
Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold


title: Otávio Gabus Mendes

text:
Otávio Gabus Mendes (born Octavio Gabus Mendes; 1906–1946), was Brazilian film critic, radio broadcaster, screenwriter and director. He was father of radio broadcaster Edith Gabus Mendes, and actor Cassiano Gabus Mendes, and grandfather of actors Tato Gabus Mendes and Cássio Gabus Mendes.

Gabus Mendes started his career as a film critic writing for Paratodos and Cinearte in 1925 and 1926 respectively. He then wrote and directed As Armas (1930) and Mulher (1931), directed and acted on Onde a Terra Acaba (1933), and wrote the screenplay for Ganga Bruta (1933).

References

External links

1906 births
1946 deaths
Brazilian film directors
Brazilian screenwriters
Brazilian film critics
Brazilian radio personalities
20th-century screenwriters


title: Flávio Godoy

text:
Flávio de Oliveira Godoy (born 13 December 1969 in Petrópolis) is a retired Brazilian athlete who competed mostly in the 400 and 800 metres. He represented his country at the 1996 Summer Olympics, failing to qualify for the semifinals. He also competed at the 1997 World Indoor Championships and 2001 World Championships in addition to many medals at regional level.

Competition record

Personal bests
Outdoor
400 metres – 45.56 (Rio de Janeiro 2001)
800 metres – 1:46.22 (São Leopoldo 1998)
Indoor
800 metres – 1:49.93 (Paris 1997)

References

1969 births
Living people
Brazilian male sprinters
Brazilian male middle-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Brazil
Sportspeople from Petrópolis
Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (state)
20th-century Brazilian people
21st-century Brazilian people


title: Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2

text:
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) is an American environmental science satellite which launched on 2 July 2014. A NASA mission, it is a replacement for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory which was lost in a launch failure in 2009. It is the second successful high-precision (better than 0.3%)  observing satellite, after GOSAT.

Mission overview
The OCO-2 satellite was built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, based around the LEOStar-2 bus. The spacecraft is being used to study carbon dioxide concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere.

OCO-2 was ordered after the original OCO spacecraft failed to achieve orbit. During the first satellite's launch atop a Taurus-XL in February 2009, the payload fairing failed to separate from around the spacecraft and the rocket did not have sufficient power to enter orbit with its additional mass. Although a Taurus launch was initially contracted for the reflight, the launch contract was cancelled after the same malfunction occurred on the launch of the Glory satellite two years later.

United Launch Alliance launched OCO-2 using a Delta II rocket at the beginning of a 30-second launch window at 09:56 UTC (2:56 PDT) on 2 July 2014. Flying in the 7320-10C configuration, the rocket launched from Space Launch Complex 2W at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The initial launch attempt on 1 July at 09:56:44 UTC was scrubbed at 46 seconds on the countdown clock due to a faulty valve on the water suppression system, used to flow water on the launch pad to dampen the acoustic energy during launch.

OCO-2 joined the A-train satellite constellation, becoming the sixth satellite in the group. Members of the A-train fly very close together in Sun-synchronous orbit, to make nearly simultaneous measurements of Earth. A particularly short launch window of 30 seconds was necessary to achieve a proper position in the train. As of  it was in an orbit with a perigee of , an apogee of  and a 98.2° inclination.

The mission is expected to cost , including design, development, launch and operations.

Column  measurements

Rather than directly measuring concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, OCO-2 records how much of the sunlight reflected off the Earth is absorbed by  molecules in an air column. OCO-2 makes measurements in three different spectral bands over four to eight different footprints of approximately  each. About 24 soundings are collected per second while in sunlight and over 10% of these are sufficiently cloud free for further analysis. One spectral band is used for column measurements of oxygen (A-band 0.765 microns), and two are used for column measurements of carbon dioxide (weak band 1.61 microns, strong band 2.06 microns).

In the retrieval algorithm measurements from the three bands are combined to yield column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide. Because these are dry-air mole fractions, these measurements do not change with water content or surface pressure. Because the molecular oxygen content of the atmosphere (i.e. excluding the oxygen in water vapour) is well known to be 20.95%, oxygen is used as a measure of the total dry air column.  To ensure these measurements are traceable to the World Meteorological Organization, OCO-2 measurements are carefully compared with measurements by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).

Data products
Mission data are provided to the public by the NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC). The Level 1B data product is the least processed and contains records for all collected soundings (about 74,000 soundings per orbit). The Level 2 product contains estimates of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide, among other parameters such as surface albedo and aerosol content. The Level 3 product consists of global maps of carbon dioxide concentrations developed by OCO-2 scientists.

See also

Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide
Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
TanSat

References

Bibliography

External links

 Orbiting Carbon Observatory at NASA.gov
 Orbiting Carbon Observatory by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
 Orbiting Carbon Observatory by the JPL Science Division

2014 in the United States
Spacecraft launched in 2014
Earth observation satellites of the United States
Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets
Articles containing video clips
NASA satellites
Satellites monitoring GHG emissions


title: Phu Kao–Phu Phan Kham National Park

text:
Phu Kao–Phu Phan Kham National Park () is a national park in Thailand's Khon Kaen and Nong Bua Lamphu provinces. This mountainous park, in two separate sections, encompasses part of the Ubol Ratana Dam reservoir and also features rock formations and waterfalls. The park is named for the Phu Kao and Phu Phan Kham mountain ranges of the Khorat Plateau.

Geography
Phu Kao–Phu Phan Kham National Park is located about  northwest of the city of Khon Kaen in the Ubolratana and Phu Wiang districts of Khon Kaen Province and the Non Sang district of Nong Bua Lamphu Province. The park's area is 198,973 rai ~ . The park's western section is located in the Phu Kao mountain range and the eastern section in the Phu Phan Kham mountain range of the Phu Phan Mountains.

History
The park's western section is home to numerous caves hosting prehistoric rock paintings such as Tham Palan Hai, Tham Muem and Tham Rakha Khanit. Ancient artifacts of the Ban Chiang era have also been discovered in the area. The rock paintings and artifacts are estimated at more than 3,500 years old.

In 1985 the park was established as Thailand's 50th national park.

Attractions
Part of the Ubol Ratana Dam reservoir is in the park's eastern section and is located by the park headquarters. The rock formations at Ham Tang have been eroded by wind and water into unusual shapes such as a mushroom-like pillar.

The park's western section hosts the Tat Fa and Tat Hin Taek waterfalls. Tat Fa cascades through forest before falling  into a large pool. The western section is also home to the Wat Phra Phutthabat Phu Kao temple which hosts rock footprints of a human and a dog.

Flora and fauna
The park's main forest type is deciduous dipterocarp, especially in higher areas. Tree species here include Shorea roxburghii, Dipterocarpus obtusifolius, Olea brachiata and Cycas species.

Mixed deciduous forest occupies some lower elevations including along river banks. Tree species here include Burma padauk, wild almond and Ceylon oak.

Dry evergreen forest is found only along creeks and hosts such trees as tabaek, Dipterocarpus alatus and makha.

Bird life includes white wagtail, Richard's pipit, sooty-headed bulbul, streak-eared bulbul, oriental magpie-robin, greater coucal and common tailorbird.

See also
List of national parks of Thailand
List of Protected Areas Regional Offices of Thailand

References

National parks of Thailand
Geography of Khon Kaen province
Tourist attractions in Khon Kaen province
Geography of Nong Bua Lamphu province
Tourist attractions in Nong Bua Lamphu province
1985 establishments in Thailand
Protected areas established in 1985


title: Cyphostigma

text:
Cyphostigma is a genus of plants. It contains only one accepted species, Cyphostigma pulchellum, endemic to Sri Lanka.

References

Alpinioideae
Zingiberaceae genera
Monotypic Zingiberales genera
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka


title: Hapoel Ironi Safed F.C.

text:
Hapoel Ironi Safed () is an Israeli football club who bases in Safed.

History
An Hapoel branch operated in Safed during the British Mandate, as early as 1932 After the establishment of Israel, the club was reorganized and a football section was founded in 1951 and at first played in regional leagues in the Upper Galilee, before joining Liga Gimel in 1954. The club won its Liga Gimel division in 1955–56, but remained in Liga Gimel after losing in the promotion play-offs. A season later, following a merge with another local club, HaChalutz Safed, the club once again won its division and won through the promotion playoffs to secure a promotion to Liga Bet.

They were promoted to the second tier for the first time, after they won Liga Bet North A division in the 1961–62 season. They were relegated back to Liga Bet after second bottom finish in the following season, however, they made an immediate return to Liga Alef, after winning Liga Bet North A division in the 1963–64 season. The club spent three more seasons in Liga Alef, until they finished bottom in the "double season" of 1966–68, and relegated Liga Bet.

In spite of their league placing, the club made a remarkable run in the 1967–68 Israel State Cup, after they eliminated top flight clubs, Hapoel Haifa, by a result of 2–1 after extra time, and Hapoel Be'er Sheva, by a result of 4–3 on penalties, after the match ended in 1–1 draw and reached the Quarter-finals, where they lost 0–1 to Hapoel Petah Tikva.

The club returned to Liga Alef, after they won Liga Bet North A division for the third time in 1971–72. In the 1973–74 season, the club achieved their best placing to date, after they finished seventh in Liga Alef North division. In 1976, following the creation of Liga Artzit, Liga Alef became the third tier of Israeli football, where the club continued to play after they finished eleventh in the 1975–76 season. In the following season, the club finished bottom and relegated to Liga Bet, now as the fourth tier. In the 1983–84 season, the club finished bottom in Liga Bet North A and suffered further relegation, to Liga Gimel, the fifth tier. In 1995 the club folded.

In 2009, Beitar Safed, which played in Liga Alef, and was the only football club in Safed at the time, merged with Hapoel Karmiel to form F.C. Karmiel Safed and moved to play in Karmiel. In order to bring back football to Safed, new club, Alpha Ironi Safed, was founded. However, that attempt failed, as the club existed for one season only. After one season without football in Safed, it was decided in 2011 to bring back Hapoel Safed, 16 years after the original club was folded. The club was refounded as Hapoel Ironi Safed.

In the 2013–14 season, the club won Liga Gimel Upper Galilee division and was promoted to Liga Bet. After an eleventh-place finish in Liga Bet North A division at the following season, the club announced its dissolution prior to the 2015–16 season.

Honours

League

Cups

External links
Hapoel Ironi Safed  Israel Football Association

References

Defunct football clubs in Israel
Hapoel football clubs
Association football clubs established in 1951
Association football clubs established in 2019
Association football clubs disestablished in 2015
1951 establishments in Israel
2019 establishments in Israel
2015 disestablishments in Israel


title: Slowly pulsating B-type star

text:
A slowly pulsating B-type star (SPB), formerly known as a 53 Persei variable, is a type of pulsating variable star. They may also be termed a long-period pulsating B star (LPB). As the name implies, they are main-sequence stars of spectral type B2 to B9 (3 to 9 times as massive as the Sun) that pulsate with periods between approximately half a day and five days, however within this most member stars have been found to have multiple periods of oscillations. They display variability both in their light emission and in their spectral line profile. The variations in magnitude are generally smaller than 0.1 magnitudes, making it quite hard to observe variability with the naked eye in most cases. The variability increases with decreasing wavelength, thus they are more obviously variable in ultraviolet spectrum than visible light. Their pulsations are non-radial, that is, they vary in shape rather than volume; different parts of the star are expanding and contracting simultaneously.

These stars were first identified as a group and named by astronomers Christoffel Waelkens and Fredy Rufener in 1985 while looking for and analysing variability in hot blue stars. Improvements in photometry had made finding smaller changes in magnitude easier, and they had found that a high percentage of hot stars were intrinsically variable. They referred to them as 53 Persei stars after the prototype 53 Persei. Ten had been discovered by 1993, though Waelkens was unsure if the prototype was actually a member and recommended referring to the group as slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars uses the acronym LPB for "comparatively long-period pulsating B stars (periods exceeding one day)", although this terminology is rarely seen elsewhere.

The similar Beta Cephei variables have shorter periods and have p-mode pulsations, while the SPB stars show g-mode pulsations.  By 2007, 51 SPB stars had been confirmed with another 65 stars possible members. Six stars, namely Iota Herculis, 53 Piscium, Nu Eridani, Gamma Pegasi, HD 13745 (V354 Persei) and 53 Arietis had been found to exhibit both Beta Cephei and SPB variability.

List
The following list contains selected slowly pulsating B-type stars that are of interest to amateur or professional astronomy. Unless otherwise noted, the given magnitudes are in the V-band.

Notes

References


title: 2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads

text:
The 2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship is an international football tournament to be held in Hungary from 19 July to 31 July 2014. The 8 under-19 age group national teams involved in the tournament will be required to register a squad of 18 players. Players are eligible to play in the competition if they were born on or after 1
January 1995. Only players in these squads will be eligible to take part in the tournament.

Ages are as of the start of the tournament, 19 July 2014.

Players marked in boldface have been capped at full international level.

Group A

Head coach:  Géza Mészöly

Head coach:  Andreas Heraf

Head coach:  Hélio Sousa

Hélio Sousa named his final 18-man squad on 23 June 2014. On 23 July 2014, Romário Baldé replaced injured Nuno Santos.

Head coach:  Eli Ohana

Group B

Head coach:  Aleksandar Dimitrov

Head coach:  Marcus Sorg

Head coach:  Oleksandr Petrakov

Head coach:  Veljko Paunović

The following players were named in the squad for the 2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in July 2014.

Player representation

By club

By club nationality

Nations in italics are not represented by their national teams in the finals.

Footnotes

References

2014 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
UEFA European Under-19 Championship squads


title: Nikita Singh

text:
{{Infobox person
| name               = Nikita Singh
| image              = Nikita Singh Bihar writer 2016 (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Nikita Singh Bihar (2016)
| birth_name         =
| birth_date         =
| birth_place        = Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| death_date         =
| death_place        =
| death_cause        =
| resting_place      =
| nationality        = Indian
| citizenship        = India
| other_names        =
| known_for          = Author of ""Every Time It Rains, Someone Like You, Like a Love Song| education          = Master of Fine Arts – Creative Writing
Bachelor of Pharmacy
| occupation         = Writer
| years_active       = 2011 - Present
| spouse             =
| website            =
}}

Nikita Singh (born 6 October 1991) is an Indian writer. She has written twelve books including The Reason is You, Every Time It Rains, Like a Love Song, The Promise and After All This Time. She has also edited and contributed to an anthology of stories titled 25 Strokes of Kindness. Her 2016 novel, Like a Love Song, debuted at No. 2 at Hindustan Times Bestseller list. In the following year, Every Time It Rains, debuted on No. 7 on the same list.

Early life and career
Nikita Singh was born in Patna, Bihar, where she spent the first four years of her life. She then relocated to Indore, where she went to a primary school. She completed her schooling at Bridgeford School, Ranchi, in 2008. She graduated in pharmacy at the Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research in Indore in 2012. She then moved to New York for a Masters of Fine Arts in creative writing from The New School, New York City, from where she graduated in 2016. In 2022 she married an American husband and is currently residing in Brooklyn, New York.

She signed a contract with Penguin Books India in 2011 and also joined Grapevine India as an editor. She wrote her first book Love @ Facebook when 19 years old and was studying pharmacy. Love @ Facebook is a young adult book about a nineteen-year-old girl, who falls in love with a VJ, after befriending him on Facebook. Under the pseudonym Sidharth Oberoi, she has also contributed to the books in "The Backbenchers" series, by editing the first book and writing the second book of the series, The Backbenchers: The Missed Call, which was released in June 2012.

Huffpost called Singh "India's Leading Romance Writer" in an expansive profile done on the writer in 2017. The Hindu called her "the Goddess of Racy Reads" in an article. Singh received a Live India Young Achievers Award in 2013 and was nominated for a First International Young Author Award, held in April 2018 in UAE.

In September 2011, the sequel to Singh’s Love @ Facebook, Accidentally In Love..With Him? Again? was published. The novel is aimed at an older audience than Love @ Facebook. In February 2012, If It's Not Forever...It's Not Love, was published. The book is about a real-life incident, the Delhi High Court Blast, which occurred on 7 September 2011. The protagonist of the book was there when the blast happened. He stumbles upon a half-burnt diary, which had a love story written in it and decides to chase it. Nikita also edited an anthology, 25 Strokes of Kindness.

Singh has also spoken on various TEDx conferences in colleges and top business schools across India. She also worked as an editor in Grapevine India. Her book, Like a Love Song, was released in March 2016. This was followed by Every Time It Rains, which was released in February 2017."Every Time It Rains" by Nikita Singh, Harlequin Books In February 2018, her book, Letters To My Ex, was released and sold widely across the Indian subcontinent. Her most recent novel, The Reason Is You, was released in February 2019.

Personal life
Nikita has an elder brother, Nishant. In 2022, Nikita married Nick Sheridan, who is Senior Technical Program Manager at Sonos in New York.

Bibliography
 Love @ Facebook (2011)
 Accidentally in Love (2011)
 If It's Not Forever… It's Not Love (2012)
 The Promise (2012)
 25 Strokes of Kindness (2013)
 Someone Like You (2013)
 The Unreasonable Fellows (2013)
 Right Here Right Now (2014)
 The Turning Point: Best of Young Indian Writers (2014)
 After All This Time (2015)
 Like A Love Song (2016)
 Every Time It Rains (2017)
 Letters To My Ex (2018)
 The Reason is You (2019)
 What Do You See When You Look In The Mirror?'' (2021)

See also
 List of Indian writers

References

External links

English-language writers from India
1991 births
Living people
Indian writers
Women writers from Bihar
Writers from Patna
21st-century Indian novelists
21st-century Indian women writers
Novelists from Bihar


title: Pharly

text:
Pharly (22 April 1974 – 10 November 2002) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He won five of his thirteen races, finished second five times and third once and was rated among the best colts of his generation in France at two and three years of age. As a two-year-old, he won one minor race in his first four starts but then defeated an all-aged field to win the Group One Prix de la Forêt. In the following year he added major victories in the Prix Lupin, Prix du Rond Point and Prix du Moulin and finished second in the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches, Prix d'Ispahan and Prix de la Forêt. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a breeding stallion in both France and England. He died in 2002 at the age of twenty-eight.

Background
Pharly was a dark-coated chestnut horse with no white markings bred in France by Jean-Paul Van Gysel. He was from the first crop of foals sired by Lyphard, an American-bred stallion who raced in France, winning the Prix Jacques Le Marois and Prix de la Forêt in 1972. Lyphard went on to become a very successful breeding stallion in both Europe and North America, siring Three Troikas, Dancing Brave and Manila. Pharly's dam Comely, was close to top-class as a racehorse (she finished second in the Prix Chloé), and became a very successful broodmare: she had previously produced Comeram the runner-up in Irish 2,000 Guineas and went on to produce the Poule d'Essai des Poulains winner Melyno.

As a yearling Pharly was offered for sale and was bought for ₣140,000 by representatives of Antonio Blasco. The colt was sent into training with John Cunnington Jr., and was ridden in all his major races by Maurice Philipperon.

Racing career

1976: two-year-old season
Pharly's early form as a two-year-old was unremarkable: running in maiden races, he finished fourth over 1500 metres at Deauville Racecourse, second over 1400 metres at Maisons-Laffitte Racecourse and second again over 1500 metres at Deauville. He recorded his first success at Longchamp Racecourse winning a minor race over 1400 metres, in which h was receiving weight from the runner-up. Two weeks later, over the same course and distance, Pharly was moved up sharply in class for the Group One Prix de la Forêt. Despite his apparently modest form he was strongly fancied for the race, starting at odds of 3.9/1 in a field of eight runners which included Manado (winner of the Prix de la Salamandre and Grand Critérium), Full of Hope (Prix d'Ispahan), Kesar Queen (Coronation Stakes) and Monsanto (Prix du Rond Point). Kesar Queen made the early running, but Pharly, ridden by Philipperon took the lead soon after half way and won by two lengths from the two-year-old filly Lady Mere, with Manado a length and a half away in third.

1977: three-year-old season
In the early part of his second season, Pharly was aimed at the French Classic Races although he was also considered as a possible contender for the 2000 Guineas. On his first appearance as a three-year-old he was matched against Blushing Groom the leading French juvenile of 1976 in the Prix de Fontainebleau over 1600 metres at Longchamp on 3 April and finished third behind Blushing Groom and Water Boy. In the Poule d'Essai des Poulains over the same course and distance three weeks later he started at odds of 9.25/1 and finished second of the six runners, three lengths behind Blushing Groom. On 15 May, the colt was moved up in distance to contest the Prix Lupin over 2100 metres. Starting at odds of 4.3/1 he appeared well-suited by the step up in distance and won by three-quarters of a length from Crystal Palace, with Water Boy finishing third ahead of Carwhite. With Blushing Groom being sent to England for The Derby, Pharly was regarded as a leading contender for the French equivalent, the Prix du Jockey Club over 2400 metres at Chantilly Racecourse on 5 June, starting at odds of 3.25/1 behind the Guy de Rothschild entry consisting of Crystal Palace and Concertino. On this occasion, the distance appeared to be beyond him and he finished eighth behind Crystal Palace, and several other horses he had beaten in the Lupin. Pharly was brought back in distance for the Prix d'Ispahan over 1850 metres at Longchamp three weeks later. In a finish which saw all six of the runners closely grouped throughout, he finished second, a length and a half behind Lightning, an unbeaten colt who started 6/5 favourite.

Pharly was off the racecourse for ten weeks before returning in the Prix du Rond Point over 1600 metres at Longchamp on 4 September. He started favourite and won but half a length and a short neck from River Dane and Monseigneur to whom he was conceding five and six pounds respectively. The Prix du Moulin over the same course and distance three weeks later attracted a small, but high-quality field and Pharly started third favourite behind Lightning and Flying Water, with the field being made up by Monseigneur, Sanedtki, Polyponder and River Dane. Maurice Philipperon tracked the leader Lighting, before sending Pharly up to challenge for the lead into the straight. He took the lead and won "comfortably" by one and a half lengths from Monseigneur, with Sanedtki two lengths back in third. On 23 October, Pharly was made 4/5 favourite against nine opponents as he attempted to repeat his 1976 success in the Prix de la Forêt but was beaten two lengths by Sanedtki after meeting some interference in the straight. Philipperon complained that he had been denied a clear run but Timeform concluded that "probably the best horse on the day won".

Assessment
There was no International Classification of European two-year-olds in 1976: the official handicappers of Britain, Ireland and France compiled separate rankings for horses which competed in those countries. In the French Free Handicap (Handicap Libre), Pharly was rated the second best juvenile of the season, seven pounds behind Blushing Groom and two pounds ahead of Amyntor and J O Tobin. The independent Timeform organisation awarded him a rating of 126, five pounds inferior to their top-rated two-year-old Blushing Groom. In the inaugural International Classification of European three-year-olds, Pharly was rated the joint-sixth best colt behind Alleged, Blushing Groom, The Minstrel, Crystal Palace and Artaius. Timeform gave him a rating of 130, seven pounds below their top-rated horse Alleged, and only a pound behind Blushing Groom.

Stud career
On his retirement from racing Pharly was syndicated at a value of almost £1 million and was retired to become a breeding stallion at the Haras du Bois-Roussel. He was a replacement for Caro who had been exported to the United States. Pharly later stood at the Woodland Stud in Newmarket.

Despite having recorded his biggest wins over 1400, 1600 and 2100 metres, Pharly had his greatest success as a sire of horses who excelled over longer distances, most notably Further Flight, a five-time-winner of the Jockey Club Cup and the Cartier Champion Older Horse in 1995. His other progeny included Busy Flight (Yorkshire Cup), Far Cry (Northumberland Plate, Doncaster Cup), Nicole Pharly (Oaks d'Italia), Wahiba Sands (Ascot Hurdle). Compton Ace (Gordon Stakes), Darly (Prix Exbury) and Phardante (Jockey Club Stakes).

Pharly was euthanised on 9 November 2002 at the age of twenty-eight, after fracturing his pelvis in a paddock accident.

Pedigree

References

1974 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in France
Racehorses trained in France
Thoroughbred family 9-f


title: VA-12 (U.S. Navy)

text:
Attack Squadron TWELVE (ATKRON TWELVE or VA-12), also known as the "Flying Ubangis" or "Clinchers", was an attack squadron of the United States Navy active during the Cold War.  From their home port at Naval Air Station Cecil Field in Florida, the squadron made more than thirty major overseas deployments aboard aircraft carriers, primarily flying A-4 Skyhawk and later the A-7E Corsair II, including two combat tours in the Vietnam War.

History

The squadron was established on May 12, 1945, as Bomber-Fighter Squadron FOUR (VBF-4) and soon after was redesignated as part of the service-wide reorganization of aircraft squadrons as Fighter Squadron TWO (VF-2A) on 15 November 1946.  Upon the Navy's return to its pre-1946 system of nomenclature, the squadron was again redesignated, this time as Fighter Squadron TWELVE (VF-12) on 2 August 1948.  Fully embracing the attack role, the squadron was given its final designation Attack Squadron TWELVE (VA-12) on 1 August 1955.

During WestPac in 1955, the squadron was part of the Navy's support of the evacuation of the Tachen Islands which were under bombardment by People's Republic of China forces.  After returning from this cruise, the squadron re-equipped with the F7U Cutlass and its role was changed from air interception to ground attack with special weapons.

In 1960, VA-12 was part of airwing of the USS Shangri-La when that carrier was deployed to counter Cuban infiltration into Guatemala and Nicaragua. The next year, the squadron returned to the area aboard USS Franklin D. Roosevelt to support the government of the Dominican Republic.

In 1963 the squadron was deployed in detachments to the USS Essex and USS Intrepid for anti-submarine warfare exercises. In August of the next year, the squadron was again on board the Roosevelt when the carrier was deployed to the eastern Mediterranean in response to trouble between Greeks and Turks on the island of Cyprus.

The squadron saw combat in Vietnam twice, in 1966 and 1970. Later in 1971, the unit relinquished the A-4 for the A-7 Corsair. 1973 and 1974 saw further trouble in the Mediterranean. 1973 saw the Yom Kippur War and 1974 the assassination of the American ambassador to Cyprus. During the 1970s the squadron's home base was at Cecil Field Naval Air Station near Jacksonville, Florida. In 1980, the Iranian hostage crisis saw the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower with the squadron on board. The ship remained at sea for 254 days continuously. Trouble in Lebanon flared in 1983, and the squadron supported the peacekeeping force in the country.

On 1 October 1986, the squadron was disestablished, ending 31 years of service as an attack unit, and ten years prior to that as a fighter unit.

Aircraft
The squadron was assigned the following aircraft as of the dates shown:
 Grumman F6F Hellcat
 F6F from 23 May 1945 and F6F-5P from May 1947
 Vought F4U Corsair
 F4U-1, F4U-1D, FG-1, and FG-1D from 23 May 1945 and F4U-4 from 30 September 1945
 Grumman F8F Bearcat
 F8F-1 and F8F-1B from May 1947
 McDonnell F2H Banshee
 F2H-1 and F2H-2 from 1 September 1950
 Vought F7U Cutlass
 F7U-3 from December 1955
 Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
 A4D-1 from April 1957, A4D-2 from January 1958, A4D-2N (A-4C) from 8 January 1962, and A-4E from 8 March 1965
 Vought A-7 Corsair II
 A-7E from 1 April 1971

Air wing assignment
The squadron was assigned to the following Air Wings as of the dates shown:
 CVG-4: 12 May 1945 (tail code "T"), redesignated
 CVAG-1: 15 November 1946 (tail code "T"), redesignated
 CVG-1: 1 September 1948 (tail code "T")
 CVG-10: 20 January 1958 (tail code "AK")
 CVG-1: 5 December 1960 (tail code "AB"), redesignated
 CVW-1: 20 December 1963 (tail code "AB")
 CVW-8: 25 August 1968 (tail code "AJ")
 CVW-7: 1971  (tail code "AG")

Incidents and accidents
 1945 October 6:  The squadron's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander John H. Lackey, died in the crash of his SNJ during a training flight.

Gallery

See also
History of the United States Navy
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons

References

A4Skyhawk.org: VA-12 History
History.navy.mil: VA-1 thru 23

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy


title: John L. Younker

text:
John L. Younker (November 16, 1836 – May 18, 1911) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Younker received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Younker's medal was won for his heroism at the Battle of Cedar Mountain in Virginia on August 9, 1862. He was honored with the award on November 1, 1893.

Younker was born in Württemberg, Germany. He joined the Army from Lancaster, Ohio in March 1862, and was discharged in March 1865. He is buried in Logan, Ohio.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z

References

1836 births
1911 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Württemberger emigrants to the United States
German-born Medal of Honor recipients
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Military personnel from Baden-Württemberg


title: Amit Sahni Ki List

text:
Amit Sahni Ki List () is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film produced by Pyxis Pictures, and directed by Ajay Bhuyan. The film stars Vir Das, Vega Tamotia and Anindita Nayar, and features Kavi Shastri, Natasha Rastogi and Duboree Das in supporting roles. It is co-produced by Tina Nagpaul, Kavita Kulkarni and Sujata Vemuri under the banner of Pyxis Pictures. The film was released on 18 July 2014.

Plot
Amit Sahni (played by Vir Das) is a young and quirky investment banker, who is searching for the woman of his dreams, correction- the woman of his LIST. After a painful break-up during his teenage days, Amit has noted down all the traits that he is looking for in the perfect woman or Miss Right and every time he goes out on a date, he secretly checks to see if his date matches to the list. The interesting twists and turns that take place on account of the list and his quest for Miss Right make for an interesting comedy.

Cast
Vir Das as Amit Sahni
Vega Tamotia as Mala
Anindita Nayar as Devika
Kavi Shastri as Amit's Childhood Friend Pushkar
Natasha Rastogi as Amit's Mother
Pooja Ruparel as Piya
Micky Makhija as Amit's Father
Duboree Das as Pinki
Natasha Bhardwaj as N'tasha
Khalida Khan as Sheena

Soundtrack
The makers of the film roped in talented artists including croons such as Raghu Dixit and Palash Muchhal to compose music tracks. The 19-year-old Palash Muchhal, fresh from the success of "Party to Banti Hai" composed the peppy party song "What the Fark" (meaning "What is the Difference" in English) for Amit Sahni Ki List. The sound tracks of the movie include a wide range of songs offering something for everyone including foot tapping dance floor numbers, soft romantic songs and a violin masterpiece.  There is also a rocking "Anti-love" song which is a tribute of sorts to "Bhag D.K. Bose" from Delhi Belly and is sung by Vir Das himself, which marks his debut as a playback singer.

The music was released on 18 June 2014.

The sound design for the movie is done by the Oscar winner Resul Pookutty

Reviews applaud the music as surprisingly listenable ensemble. The nifty rock arrangements of Pyar Hai Kutti Cheez (Warren Mendonsa-Sid Coutto) is its highlight, while Shivi Kashyap does a great job in the bouncy techno-pop number Aisi Hi Hoon Mein. Composed by Palash Muchhal, What the Fark is a catchy dance-floor song, and the dulcet melodies, Sargoshi and Parchhai, two variations of the same tune with Sonu Nigam, Palak Muchhal and Anirudh Bola doing their parts well. Ab Mein Kya Karoon, sung by Raghu Dixit himself, features some wonderful guitar, brass and flute with the tune depicting the fun for the movie. With Nikhil D'Souza and Shruti Pathak ably assisting on the vocals, Raghu Dixit's Waakeyi is softly romantic. The album has the highlight from Karthick Iyer, who does wonders with the astounding violin instrumental Violin Recital. Amit Sahni Ki List has a big list of composers, with the result being a surprisingly enjoyable ensemble offering something for everyone at various stages of their life.

Production

Development
After spending more than a decade in the Financial Industry in New York, Tina Nagpaul, Kavita Kulkarni and Sujata Vemuri, have created an independent production house producing interesting content for television and cinema.  Amit Sahni Ki List is the first movie release under the Pyxis Pictures Banner.  The film is directed by Ajay Bhuyan and is based on the story by Rohit Banawlikar.

Casting
During 2012, Vir Das was reportedly doing many leading comedy shows, particularly focused on relationships and the changing cultural shift in India.  He was viewed by the producers as a perfect fit for the role, given his unique connectivity with youth audiences and comic timing.

Marketing
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) cleared the film as U/A. The movie is youth oriented, but provides interesting comedy for all ages, giving a perspective on the trials and tribulations one has to endure to find love.  The movie's official teaser was released online on 14 June 2014 and got very positive comments from wide spread audience. DNA Online reiterated that the trailer is promising, much to their expectations of the movie being one of the 9 must see movies for the remainder of 2014 as projected by them in May 2014.

The official trailer was well received by critics, and garnered praise from experts around the industry as being unique and different in offering smart comedy and laughs while successfully highlighting practical issues faced by professionals in finding the right partner based on a list.

Actor Vir Das emphasized that the main challenge for him was to add comedy while acting in highly sensitive scenes and show the unexpected twists and practical issues faced by youth in finding a suitable life partner in this current age of Google.

See also
List of Bollywood films of 2014

References

External links

2010s Hindi-language films
Indian romantic comedy films
2014 films
2014 romantic comedy films
Hindi-language romantic comedy films


title: Dmitry Matveyevich Smirnov

text:
Dmitry Matveyevich Smirnov (; 27 October 1919 in Shilovo, Seredskii District,
Ivanovo Oblast, Soviet Union – 14 April 2005) was a Soviet mathematician working in group theory and Jónsson–Tarski algebras.

References

Bibliography

Soviet mathematicians
1919 births
2005 deaths
Russian mathematicians
Group theorists


Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal (died 1605) was the tenth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, ruling from 1589 to 1604. His reign is important since it saw the arrival of three new European powers to the region of the Melaka Straits: the Dutch, English and French.

Rise to power

Sultan Alauddin was reportedly a descendant of the old rajas who governed in Aceh in the fifteenth century. His father was Almalik Firman Syah, a son of Muzaffar Syah (d. 1497). This branch seems to have been entirely obscured by the lineage of Ali Mughayat Syah. In his youth he was a fisherman but rose in the ranks of the kingdom due to his valour and military prowess, becoming a military commander. He allegedly murdered Sultan Alauddin Mansur Syah in 1585/86 but acted as the protector of the sultan's young grandson Raja Asyem. Whether he was also responsible for the murder of Sultan Buyung in 1589 is not clear. At any rate he was enthroned under the name Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah and also known as Sayyid al-Mukammal. In order to eliminate a possible future rival he murdered Raja Asyem. He therefore provoked the hostility of Johor on the Malay Peninsula, since the boy's father was the sultan of that place.

In spite of the murky circumstances of his rise, the chronicle Hikayat Aceh praises Sultan Alauddin as righteous and pious, and characterizes his reign as prosperous. A Frenchman who visited Aceh in 1601–03 noted the dynamic international flavour of his reign: "In the streets are a large number of ships belonging to merchants dressed in the Turkish style who come from the great lands of Negapatnam, Gujarat, Cape Comorin, Calicut, the island of Ceylon, Siam, Bengal and various other places. They live in this place for some six months in order to sell their merchandise that consists of very fine cotton cloth from Gujarat, sturdy silk bolts and other textiles of cotton thread, various types of porcelain, a large number of drugs, spices, and precious stones."

Affairs with the Malay states

However, Aru on the east coast, precursor of the later Deli sultanate, rebelled after a while, supported by Johor. According to the chronicles Sultan Alauddin ordered the Arunese to build a ship for him. Their tardiness to fulfill this triggered a conflict, and Aru offered the sultan of Johor to become their lord (before 1599). When Sultan Alauddin was informed of this, he dispatched a fleet to chastise Aru, but it was beaten back. The sultan now led a second armada in  person. This time Aru was conquered and the Johor sultan expelled, but at the cost of his son-in-law Mansur (father of the later sultan Iskandar Muda) who was killed in the battle. He then crossed the Straits with his ships and besieged Johor. Since many of his men fell in the enterprise he eventually gave up the attempt and returned Aceh.

The arrival of the Dutch

Dutch, English and French ships began to arrive in the area during Sultan Alauddin's reign. This created a new strategic situation since these seafaring nations were rivals to the Portuguese with whom Aceh momentarily lived in an uneasy state of peace. The Dutch commander Cornelis de Houtman arrived to Aceh in June 1599. The communication between the Dutch and the court were initially friendly, but Portuguese intrigues caused the Acehnese to attack the ships. Although they were eventually pushed back, De Houtman was killed and his brother Frederik de Houtman was captured. In November 1600 the commander Van Caerden arrived with two ships and was friendly received by Sultan Alauddin. Some of the Dutch prisoners were released while others escaped and reached Van Caerden's ships. However, Van Caerden suspected that the Acehnese planned something, and confiscated all the pepper in the harbour. The Acehnese opened fire and Van Caerden left the port after having burnt a Portuguese and some other vessels.

The sultan's friendship with the Portuguese cooled when they asked for permission to build a fort at the estuary of the Aceh River. This was refused. In the next year 1601, an acute dispute arose. One of the Portuguese ships chased an Arab craft and was therefore in turn attacked and taken by Acehnese vessels. This incident may explain the good reception accorded to a new Dutch fleet that reached Aceh in August 1601. Being enemies of the Portuguese they were probably seen as a useful counterweight. Sultan Alauddin gave permit to the strangers to establish a trading post. Two envoys were dispatched for the Netherlands. One of them died in Middelburg but the other negotiated with Prince Maurits of Nassau. He was eventually brought back to Aceh with a Dutch craft in December 1604. At that time Sultan Alauddin was no longer on the throne. English and French ships visited Aceh in 1602. The naval prowess of the new Europeans was demonstrated when a large Portuguese galleon was captured by a Dutch-English fleet. They joyful sultan reportedly showed his gratitude by singing a psalm of David.

End of the reign

The reign of Sultan Alauddin marked the beginning of an era of centralization of the kingdom. The sultan suppressed the mercantile elite, the orang kayas, who had gained undue influence in succession affairs in the period 1579–89, killing many of them and preventing them from asserting power. In this he was strongly supported by the local qadi. His use of power symbols is seen from his cap (seal) from 1601, which reads: "Sultan Alauddin ibn Firman Syah; he who puts faith in God, who has chosen him to hold kingdoms and is pleased with him, Allah makes his glory endure and helps all his followers". Dissent rather came from within the sultan's family. Alauddin was deposed in April 1604 at an advanced age. Alternatively he is said to have abdicated of free will since he became ill. He died a year later. He was succeeded by his second son Sultan Muda alias Ali Ri'ayat Syah III, although there was reportedly an opinion to enthrone his strong-willed grandson Iskandar Muda. He had four sons and two daughters:
 Maharaja Diraja, d. before his father
 Ali Ri'ayat Syah III
 Sultan Husain, vassal ruler of Pidië
 Sultan Abangta Merah Upah, d. before his father
 Raja Puteri (daughter)
 Puteri Raja Inderabangsa (daughter), married Mansur Syah, mother of Iskandar Muda

See also
 Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts

References

Literature

 Andaya, Leonard Y. (2010) Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka. Singapore: NUS Press.
 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135–265.
 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië, Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
 Hadi, Amirul (2004) Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Leiden: Brill.
 Iskandar, Teuku (1958) De Hikajat Atjeh. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff.

External links

 Letter from 1604 by Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah to Sir Henry Middleton, authorizing him to trade with the people of Aceh – Digital Bodleian

Sultans of Aceh

15th-century births
1605 deaths
17th-century Indonesian people
16th-century Indonesian people

Year of birth unknown


title: 1951 census of India

text:
The 1951 census of India was the ninth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. It was also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The first census of  the Indian Republic began on February 10, 1951.

The population of India was counted as 361,088,090 (1000:946 male:female) Total population increased by 42,427,510, 13.31% more than the 318,660,580 people counted during the 1941 census. No census was done for Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 and its figures were interpolated from 1941 and 1961 state census. National Register of Citizens for Assam (NRC) was prepared soon after the census. In 1951, at the time of the first population census, just 18% of Indians were literate while life expectancy was 32 years.  Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan).

Language demographics

Separate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued , due to the partition 1947 and fact the returns were intentionally recorded incorrect in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur.

Religious demographics
Hindus comprised 305 million (84.1%), Sikhs were 6.86 million (1.9%) and Muslims were 35.4 million (9.8%) in the 1951 census.
1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. Hindus comprised about 73 per cent of the population of India before partition and  just after independence, Independent India in (1947) have roughly around 85 per cent Hindus.

See also

 Census of India prior to independence
 1891 census of India
 Demographics of India

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Census Reports – 1951, South Asia Open Archives, JSTOR.
 Census of India, 1951, Volume 1, Part 1-A – Report, Registrar General, India and ex-officio Census Commissioner for India, via archive.org.

Political history of India
Censuses in India
1951 in India
India


Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (AITR) is a private college located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 2005. The college is affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya and it is part of Acropolis Group.

Notable alumni
Nikita Singh

References

External links
 Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research. Courses offered: BE, MTech, Diploma, MCA, MBA.
 Acropolis Institute of Management Studies & Research. Courses offered: BCA, BBA, BCom, BSc, BA.
 Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research. Courses offered: B Pharm and M Pharm.
 Acropolis Faculty of Management and Research. Course offered: MBA.
 Acropolis Technical Campus. Courses offered: Diploma Engineering, BE, MBA.
 Acropolis Group of Institutions

Universities and colleges in Indore
Educational institutions established in 2005
2005 establishments in Madhya Pradesh


title: Philbert Blair

text:
Philbert Duncan Blair (born 30 October 1943) is a former Guyanese cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1968 to 1974. He toured with the West Indian cricket team in England in 1969 but did not play Test cricket.

A fast bowler, Philbert Blair made his first-class debut for Guyana in 1967–68. When the West Indies Test team were away touring Australia and New Zealand in 1968-69 he was the leading wicket-taker in the Shell Shield, with 23 wickets at an average of 21.26. He took 5 for 60 against Jamaica and 5 for 63 against Trinidad.

He was one of the four inexperienced pace bowlers chosen for the 1969 tour, alongside Vanburn Holder, John Shepherd and Grayson Shillingford, none of whom had played Test cricket. Blair played only nine of the 19 first-class matches, taking 14 wickets at 36.35, and the other three pace bowlers were preferred for the Tests. Colin Babb reports that some people considered Blair to be the most promising and quickest of the young pace attack, but says that Basil Butcher reported that he was passed over for selection because of questions about his action. In the one-day match against Ireland, West Indies were 12 for 9 before Blair joined Shillingford to raise the final total to 25.

Blair continued to play for Guyana with moderate success until the end of the 1973–74 season.

References

External links
 Philbert Blair at Cricket Archive
 Philbert Blair at Cricinfo

1943 births
Living people
Cricketers from Georgetown, Guyana
Guyanese cricketers
Guyana cricketers
Demerara cricketers


title: A Goat's Song

text:
A Goat's Song is a 1994 novel by Dermot Healy. It is considered by others as his finest and most famous work.

According to Michael Harding's critique of the book, Healy "excelled himself in revealing the Irish male as the dreamer, the broken thing that a man becomes when the women have gone away." The book centres on playwright Jack Ferris, his love affair with Catherine Adams and her father Jonathan, an RUC sergeant.

References

1994 Irish novels


title: James M. Young

text:
James Marvin Young (December 2, 1843 – November 30, 1913) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Young received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Young's medal was won for his heroism in the Battle of the Wilderness during the Overland Campaign in Virginia on May 6, 1864. He was honored with the award on April 2, 1898.

Young was born in Ellicott, New York,  and entered service in Chautauqua County, New York.

After the war, he worked as a policeman in Jamestown for 30 years. He died at his home there on November 30, 1913. He was buried in Lake View Cemetery.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
 List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z

References

External links

1843 births
1913 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Jamestown, New York
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American municipal police officers


title: Protamblyopone

text:
Protamblyopone can refer to:
Protamblyopone Wheeler, 1927, junior synonym of Amblyopone
Protamblyopone Dlussky, 1981, homonym replaced by Casaleia


title: TVCOM

text:
TVCOM (acronym for TV Comunidade (Community TV)) was a Brazilian television station based in the Porto Alegre city, capital of Rio Grande do Sul state, and belonged to the Grupo RBS, a large regional conglomerate, responsible for the RBS TV network. It was established in 1995 with the purpose of being a community channel, and its programming was partially broadcast and fully broadcast on cable TV.

The channel was extinguished in 2015 to make way for the OCTO project, which in turn was discontinued the following year due to low repercussions. The station also had a branch in the Florianópolis city, in the Santa Catarina state, which operated between 2000 and 2017.

History
The idea of designing a community channel arose during the 1990s, after professionals from the Grupo RBS conducted, for two years, research on programs of foreign broadcasters, which operated locally. Surveys are also done to define the attractions of your future broadcaster. Thus, the channel 36 UHF is provided, a frequency that would also allow the transmission via cable TV by the operator NET, while the broadcast in open signal would work partially, which did not hinder the quick negotiation with the advertisers. The group has invested $ 2,000,000 in channel creation and is expected to return $1,600,000 in revenue. TVCOM opened on 15 May 1995, and was broadcast to eleven cities in the Greater Porto Alegre. In 2000, a branch of the station arrives in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, broadcasting only by the operator NET, also with local programming.

In 2015, it was decided that TVCOM should be replaced by a new television project as the channel had been suffering from Grupo RBS staff cuts since the previous year. During the month of November, reruns of the station's programs and guest interviews that debated the state's main events during the period the station ran were aired. The name chosen for the new project was OCTO, and its launch took place at 7 pm on 23 November, ending TVCOM's operations in Rio Grande do Sul. The brand is still being used in Santa Catarina broadcaster.

On 7 March 2016, the sale of the RBS Group vehicles in Santa Catarina, including TVCOM, to the NC Group is official, but keeping its name and all its programming. On 27 January 2017, the channel's end of operations in February is announced and part of the team would be relocated within the group's companies. Before going live, a stripe informed viewers that the network would be closed on 27 February. At 12:00 AM, the schedule is taken down permanently.

Slogans
 O canal da comunidade (The community channel) – 1995 – 1999
 A nossa TV (Our TV) – 1999 – 2004
 Tá acontecendo, tá na TVCOM (It's happening, it's TVCOM) – 2004 – 2010
 Tudo que é daqui (Everything is here) – 2009 – 2017

References

Grupo RBS
Defunct television channels in Brazil
Portuguese-language television networks
Mass media in Porto Alegre
Television channels and stations established in 1995
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015
Companies based in Rio Grande do Sul


title: Invencible (Deny album)

text:
Invencible is the second studio album by Argentine post-hardcore band Deny which was released on July 12, 2014 through Pinhead Records. It will be available worldwide on iTunes and as CD.

Background
On November 26, 2013 the band played the first new song called Un Año Más which may become a song on the new album. The band started pre-production with producer Javier Casas at Infire Studios in Palermo, Buenos Aires on February 5, 2014. In June it was revealed that the album is called Invincible and set for release on July 12, 2014. In the End of June the band and their label published the cover artwork. The second single called Invencible was officially released on July 2, 2014 via YouTube. Another song mentioned to be on the record is called Yo (span. for I or me).

Concept
In an interview with Melodic Never Dies vocalist Nazareno Gomez stated that the concept of the lyrics and the album art is darker than on the previous two releases. The concept is about the four elements of alchemy.

Track listing

References

Deny (band) albums
2014 albums
Pinhead Records albums


title: Politics of Northern Nigeria

text:
The government of Northern Nigeria was modelled after the Westminster system. A premier acts as head of government and presides over the day-to-day affairs of government, while a governor acts as head of state and commander-in-chief of the constabulary. The Lower house of parliament, called the House of Assembly, is composed of elected representatives from the various provinces of the country. The Upper house of parliament, called the House of Chiefs, is similar to the British House of Lords. It is composed of unelected emirs of the various Native Authority Councils of the nation's provinces. Before 1963, the Queen of the United Kingdom served as the sovereign of Northern Nigeria.

Political roots
In the period immediately after the world war II, Nigerian politics took a new direction. In 1946 the British colonial administration introduced the Richards Constitution which divided Nigeria into three regions – the North, the West and the East. Nigerian political representation was introduced at the federal and the regional level, and Nigerian political parties were allowed. The dominating political party in Northern Nigeria was the Northern People’s Congress, dominated by the Islamic political elite in the North and widely perceived as a Muslim party. To the Christian communities like the Bachama's and others throughout the Middle Belt the Northern People’s Congress was perceived as the chief political enemy, and Christian dominated parties were founded in the Middle Belt, especially the Middle Zone League and the United Middle Belt Congress which were supported by most Bachama's. To the Christians of northern Nigeria the main political aim of the period was to avoid Muslim domination and to resist what they saw as a long-standing British imperialism and Muslim Fulani sub-imperialism in northern Nigeria.

Pre-colonial legacy
The structure of Northern Nigeria's governments is entwined in the administrative structure of the Sokoto Caliphate, In 1903, the governor of Northern Nigeria, Lord Lugard, guaranteed the administrative structure of the region when he decided to preserve the emirate system of the caliphate; in later structural adjustments the emirates were slowly translated into provinces, some of which became composed of multiple emirates.

Northern Nigerianism
As opposed to Nigerian Nationalism, Northern Nigeria never experienced a phase of nationalism that usually preceded the independence of most African countries, Northern Nigerianism on the other hand was directed against the perceived dominance and influence of the Nigerian South.
In the 1940s the Northern Nigerian delegation opted to maintain Nigeria's federal structure and subsequently voted against Independence. In 1952 another rejection of Independence by the North led to attacks on the Northern Delegation to the Lagos conference;  News of the attacks led to the 1953 Kano Riots and the famous "mistake of 1914" speech delivered by the sardauna.

In the 1970s organised Northern Nigerian activism slowly led to the emergence of powerful pan-northern interest groups, these groups were however severely decapitated by the sweeping victories of Shehu Yar'adua Peoples Democratic Movement in 1993. since 1999, Northern Nigerianism has continued to suffer electoral setbacks.

Administrative and political structures

Emirates
The emirs of Northern Nigeria preside over the numerous emirates of the country; their number has gradually grown since the introduction of sub-class emirates in the third and fourth Nigerian Republics. Although constitutionally nominal since the first republic, they continue to be a source of authority and influence throughout Northern Nigeria.
In 2014, the selection of Sanusi Lamido Sanusi as Emir Kano led to a four-day standoff purportedly instigated by the president, who was afraid of the influence that Sunusi would garner from the office.

Local and state governments
Local politics in Northern Nigeria has been plagued by kleptocratic interest groups since the fall of the Northern Central Government. Organized kleptocracies in the form family compact political groups usually rule the Northern Nigerian grass roots. Some have speculated that cultural influence of the Nigerian South could be responsible for the endemic corruption that is plaguing Northern Nigeria's political polity.

References

History of Northern Nigeria
Politics of Nigeria


title: Manmohan Kalia

text:
Manmohan Kalia   was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Punjab, India.  He was a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly elected from Jalandhar in 1967,1969,1977 and 1986. He served as minister  in Government of Punjab, India in 1967 and 1970. He was imprisoned in the emergency for 19 months. He was killed in a road accident in 1986.

References

1986 deaths
People from Jalandhar
State cabinet ministers of Punjab, India
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
Punjab, India MLAs 1977–1980
Road incident deaths in India
Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)
Year of birth missing
Accidental deaths in India


title: Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations

text:
Saint Kitts and Nevis and the United Kingdom have a long history of colonial activity and later diplomatic relations.

During the late 17th century, France and England battled for control over Saint Kitts. It was ceded to Britain in 1713. Saint Kitts and Nevis, along with Anguilla, became an associated state with full internal autonomy in 1967. Anguillians rebelled, and separated from the others in 1971. Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved independence in 1983.

Saint Kitts and Nevis maintains a High Commission in South Kensington in London. In turn, the United Kingdom maintains a High Commission in Bridgetown, Barbados which also serves as High Commission to Saint Kitts and Nevis.

See also
 Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

References

External links
British High Commission, Bridgetown

United Kingdom
Bilateral relations of the United Kingdom
Relations of colonizer and former colony


title: Kafubu, Namibia

text:
Kafubu (or Kafuvu) is a small village on the eastern tip of the Caprivi Strip, across from Kasane, Botswana on the Chobe River in Namibia. With a population of between 200 and 300, Kafubu villagers are mostly Subiya cultivators and fishermen. The village can only be reached by boat, with a small Namibian customs office located nearby. Several large baobab trees dot the area. Most homes in Kafubu are made of reeds and dirt. Tourists visiting Kafubu from nearby Kasane and Chobe National Park can tour the village and buy crafts.

References

North-West District (Botswana)
Populated places in Botswana
Botswana–Namibia border crossings


title: Matonia

text:
Matonia is a genus of fern, named for English botanist William George Maton. It is native to Thailand, Malesia (the Malayan peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Maluku and the Philippines) and New Guinea.

, Plants of the World Online and the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accept two extant species:

 Matonia pectinata R.Br.
 Matonia foxworthyi Copel.

Matonia sarmentosa is now placed in the genus Phanerosorus as Phanerosorus sarmentosus (Baker) Copel.

Matonia has a fossil record extending back to the earliest part of the Jurassic period, with Matonia braunii being known from the Hettangian aged Mecsek Coal Formation of Hungary and Zagaje Formation of Poland.

References

Gleicheniales
Fern genera


title: Mifflin, Tennessee

text:
Mifflin is an unincorporated community in Chester County, Tennessee, United States.

Geography
The community is situated on Tennessee State Route 200 and the eastern end of Tennessee State Route 197.

History
Mifflin takes its name from Mifflin, Pennsylvania, the native home of a first settler. It is generally accepted that Mifflin was the first settlement in what is now known as Chester County. it was first settled about 1821 by Col John Purdy. Mifflin at that time was a part of Henderson County.

Mifflin is 16 miles from Jackson and 10 miles northeast of Henderson. Until after the Civil War, Mifflin was the largest town in present day Chester County.

References

Chester County Tennessee History and Families 1882 - 1995, Copyright 1995 Chester County Historical Society
 A Brief History of Chester County

Unincorporated communities in Chester County, Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
Jackson metropolitan area, Tennessee


title: Ghetto Hymns

text:
Ghetto Hymns is the solo debut studio album by American contemporary R&B singer Dave Hollister. It was released by DreamWorks Records on  in the United States. His first effort (after his success with Blackstreet), the album was co-produced by Hollister and Erick Sermon. It peaked at number 34 on the US Billboard 200.

Three singles were released from the album: "My Favorite Girl", "Can't Stay" and "Baby Mama Drama". "My Favorite Girl" is Hollister's only hit to date on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 39 in 1999. The album was certified gold on . In addition to original songs, the album contains covers of the Michael McDonald song "I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)" and the Twinkie Clark-Terrell song "In Him There is No Sorrow"  (listed on the album as "Keep Forgettin'" and "Respect 2 Him", respectively).

Track listing
Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

Notes
  denotes co-producer

Sample credits
 "Came in the Door Pimpin'" contains a sample of "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega.
 "Call on Me" contains a sample of "Soul Shadows" by The Crusaders featuring Bill Withers.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

External links

1999 debut albums
Albums produced by Dave Hollister
Albums produced by Erick Sermon
Dave Hollister albums
DreamWorks Records albums


title: Monica (song)

text:
"Monica" is a song by the English rock band the Kinks from their sixth studio album, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968). Written and sung by Ray Davies, the song was recorded sometime between late1967 and May1968. The song features congas and a syncopated rhythm, indicating Davies's continued interest in calypso music. Its lyrics are a serenade for a prostitute and were partly inspired by Dylan Thomas's radio drama, Under Milk Wood (1954), though Davies kept the lyrics deliberately subtle to avoid a radio ban. Retrospective commentators have disputed the song's level of thematic cohesion with the others on Village Green.

Background and composition

Ray Davies composed "Monica" as a love song, sung as a serenade to a prostitute. Its lyrics are deliberately subtle, never directly referencing her profession, something that arose out of Davies' desire to avoid a ban by BBC Radio. The song's narrator claims Monica for himself, but sings that while she is a prostitute her love cannot be bought. Davies may have been inspired by the prostitute character Polly Garter from Under Milk Wood, a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas. The drama began to influence Davies's songwriting in late 1966, and he later directly referenced Garter in his composition "Polly", probably recorded around March1968. Under Milk Wood format of exploring characters in a small Welsh town later served as Davies's broader inspiration for the Kinks' 1968 album The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society. Author Mark Doyle suggests that in addition to Garter, the woman addressed in "Monica" may have been inspired by fellow Under Milk Wood character, Gossamer Beynon, the local school teacher whom all the men in town desire. Author Thomas M. Kitts writes that in "Monica", Davies uses a typical trick of Thomas whereby a single word in a stock phrase is altered – in particular, Davies changes the phrase "morning to midnight" into "morning to moonshine".

Musically, "Monica" is an example of calypso music, a genre Davies first explored in his 1965 song "I'm on an Island". Author Johnny Rogan suggests Davies often used calypso as a contrast against his more serious songwriting and compares its "Acapulco-style beat" to another of his songs on Village Green, "Starstruck". Kitts thinks the calypso rhythm is meant to suggest that the song takes place in the narrator's fantasy and emphasise that he actually only possesses Monica in his mind. Author Ken Rayes describes the song's arrangement as "celebratory" in its incorporation of Caribbean rhythms, jazz tempo changes and a playful vocal from Davies suggesting a schoolboy-like innocence.

Recording and release

The Kinks recorded "Monica" sometime between late1967 and May1968, during a period when the band recorded numerous songs without initially knowing when or in what format they would be released.  Recording took place in Pye Studio 2, one of two basement studios at Pye Records' London offices. Davies produced the song, while Pye's in-house engineer Alan "Mac" MacKenzie operated the four-track mixing console. The song features a syncopated backing track, including an acoustic guitar, congas and organ. Bass guitar does not appear until the second verse.

"Monica" was among the songs Davies selected for the aborted US album Four More Respected Gentlemen, originally planned for a late 1968 release. While sessions for Village Green continued through the summer of 1968, the Kinks performed the song for BBC Radio on 1 and 9 July 1968. Davies planned to include "Monica" on the original twelve-track edition of Village Green and he kept the song on the album when he decided to expand it to fifteen tracks, though he changed the planned sequence from the first to the second side of the LP. Pye released Village Green in the UK on 22 November 1968, with "Monica" sequenced as the penultimate track. In his preview of the album for New Musical Express magazine, critic Keith Altham wrote that "Monica" is an example of "the beauty of [Ray Davies]" in that "you are never quite sure when to take him seriously".

Among retrospective commentators, Miller considers "Monica" "the flimsiest thing" on the album, and Morgan Enos of Billboard placed it last in his ranking of the songs. Rogan considers the song and "Starstruck" to be "distinctly un-Village Green compositions", while Kitts counters that it fits into the album with its theme of escapism through obsession, something he thinks is also heard on "Starstruck" and "Phenomenal Cat". Kitts and Miller each consider the song one of the album's several character studies.

Notes

References

Sources

1968 songs
Songs written by Ray Davies
The Kinks songs
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies
Calypso songs
Songs about prostitutes


title: Rosedale, Oregon

text:
Rosedale is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Oregon. It is located just south of Salem in the Salem Hills. It is a part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Rosedale post office ran from 1892 to 1901. The Rosedale area was a major prune growing region in the early 20th century but is now primarily made up of rural residential properties Vineyards and Christmas tree fields. Rosedale Elementary School located at 6974 Bates Road, Salem, Oregon was in service from 1893 until its closing in 2012.  The town was located around the area of Sunnyside Road SE and Delany Road SE. It had a gas station, post office, grocery store, and a feed, seed and livery stable. The community still has a church and cemetery founded in 1896 located at 452 Hylo Rd SE.

References

Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon


title: Richard Grossman

text:
Richard Grossman may refer to:
 Richard Grossman (author) (1943–2011), American anti-globalization writer
 Richard Grossman (bassist) (born 1959), Australian bass guitarist
 Richard Grossman (pianist) (1937–1992), American jazz pianist
 Richard Grossman (publisher) (1921–2014), American publisher


title: Galmagala

text:
Galmagala is a town in Garissa County, Kenya.

Galmagala is part of Fafi Constituency for the Parliament of Kenya.

References

Garissa County


title: Elettariopsis

text:
Elettariopsis was a genus of plants in the ginger family, that has now been subsumed into the genus Amomum.  Species are native to Southeast Asia, southern China and New Guinea.

Species previously placed here
 Elettariopsis burttiana Y.K.Kam - Perak
 Elettariopsis chayaniana Yupparach - Thailand
 Elettariopsis curtisii Baker in J.D.Hooker - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo
 Elettariopsis elan C.K.Lim - Thailand, Malaysia
 Elettariopsis exserta (Scort.) Baker in J.D.Hooker - Thailand, Malaysia
 Elettariopsis kandariensis (K.Schum.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Sulawesi
 Elettariopsis kerbyi R.M.Sm. - Sarawak
 Elettariopsis latiflora Ridl. - Malaysia
 Elettariopsis limiana Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand
 Elettariopsis monophylla (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Laos, Thailand, Hainan
 Elettariopsis poonsakiana Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand
 Elettariopsis procurrens (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - New Guinea
 Elettariopsis puberula Ridl. - Sumatra
 Elettariopsis ranongensis Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand
 Elettariopsis rugosa (Y.K.Kam) C.K.Lim - Selangor
 Elettariopsis slahmong C.K.Lim - Thailand, Malaysia
 Elettariopsis smithiae Y.K.Kam - Thailand, Malaysia
 Elettariopsis stenosiphon (K.Schum.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm.  - Sarawak
 Elettariopsis sumatrana Valeton - Sumatra
 Elettariopsis triloba (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
 Elettariopsis unifolia (Gagnep.) M.F.Newman - Vietnam
 Elettariopsis wandokthong Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand

References

Alpinioideae
Zingiberaceae genera


title: Valgini

text:
Valgini is a small tribe of scarab beetles, formerly considered a subfamily, Valginae. Most species occur in the Old World. They tend to be compact, and scaly or spiny.

List of Subtribes and Genera

Subtribe Microvalgina
 Ischnovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Microvalgus Kraatz, 1883
 Stenovalgus Kolbe, 1892
Subtribe Valgina
 Acanthovalgus Kraatz, 1895
 Bivalgus Paulian, 1961
 Chaetovalgus Moser, 1914
 Charitovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Chromovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Comythovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Cosmovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Dasyvalgoides Endrödi, 1952
 Dasyvalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Euryvalgus Moser, 1908
 Excisivalgus Endrödi, 1952
 Heterovalgus Krikken, 1978
 Homovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Hoplitovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Hybovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Idiovalgus Arrow, 1910
 Lepivalgus Moser, 1914
 Lobovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Mimovalgus Arrow, 1944
 Oedipovalgus Kolbe, 1897
 Oreoderus Burmeister, 1842
 Oreovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Podovalgus Arrow, 1910
 Pygovalgus Kolbe, 1884
 Sphinctovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Tibiovalgus Kolbe, 1904
 Valgoides Fairmaire, 1899
 Valgus Scriba, 1790
 Xenoreoderus Arrow, 1910
 Yanovalgus Nomura, 1952

References

Cetoniinae


title: Zhongxiniscus

text:
Zhongxiniscus is a genus of primitive chordate from eastern Yunnan that lived during the Early Cambrian. Known from a single specimen, it had a small, broad and short, fish-like body that was roughly ten millimeters in length. It possessed S-shaped myomeres, numbering roughly seven per one millimeter of length. Two triangular fins are evident on the dorsal margin.

Evolutionary relationships
When compared to other Cambrian chordates like the possible cephalochordate Cathaymyrus and the two known vertebrates Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia, Zhongxiniscus resembles Cathaymyrus in having S-shaped myomeres, but is different in having a dorsal fin and a shorter body. Zhongxiniscus approaches in form to Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia in its myomeres and its dorsal fin, but differs from the latter two having zigzag myomeres and fin rays, which Zhongxiniscus evidently lacks.

For these reasons, Zhongxiniscus is tentatively considered to be an intermediate form between Cathaymyrus and the two vertebrates Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia.

References

Sources

Cambrian chordates
Maotianshan shales fossils
Cambrian genus extinctions