title: Sing! (song)

text:
Sing! is a song from the musical A Chorus Line. It is performed by Kristine and Al.

Production

Synopsis
The song "comically makes it cringe-ably clear that Kristine is tone deaf while her husband (Al) helps her through it".

It features "newly married dancers auditioning for the same show. Kristine is the ditzy tone-deaf hopeful who is cleverly interjected by her husband Al in her "solo.""

Critical reception
Norwood Stage described it as a "comic song". Wicked Local North of Boston said it was a "cute comical song and dance". Independent Newspapers said it "provide[s] comic relief". AussieTheatre called it a "comedy number".

The Real Chrisparkle commented: "When Bad Wolf and I were talking about the show beforehand, we both agreed that “Sing” is probably our least favourite number, because of its potential to irritate; just slightly. But it occurred to me whilst watching it, that it must be extraordinarily demanding for its performers. You need the verbal dexterity of a Gilbert and Sullivan patter song, coupled with immaculate comedy timing and, from Kristine, the ability to sing credibly off-key." StageWhispers named it a "funny, rapid-fire duet". The Rider News noted "“Sing!” makes for a great contrast in the play, breaking the tension and adding in quirky humor".

In popular culture
The song was covered in the musical comedy television series Glee. In the season 2 episode "Duets", Mike Chang (Harry Shum Jr.) and Tina Cohen-Chang (Jenna Ushkowitz) perform the duet with Mike largely speaking and Tina singing.

References

Songs from A Chorus Line
1975 songs


"Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love" is a song from the musical A Chorus Line.

Production
This song, just like all others in the musical A Chorus Line, was devised from the audio of real life dancers, recounting their experiences.

Synopsis
The official website of Marvin Hamlisch explains that in this song, "The conversation turns to sex, puberty. All reminisce about their circumstances growing up".

Composition
Talkin' Broadway wrote "The musical is still innovative in the way it melds song, dance and dialogue into a single piece of art: 'Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love' envelops the audience as it incorporates full songs, brief melodies, and single spoken lines with almost constant movement."

Analysis
Musicals 101 analyses this song:

Critical reception
New City Stage wrote "The brilliance of 'A Chorus Line' has always been in the undeniable synergy of all its creative elements. Case in point:  the show’s fifteen-minute 'Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love' number, better known as the 'Montage' since it actually consists of musical numbers within numbers, monologues, lyrical fragments and all-out dance sequences." The LA Times describes the number as "dazzling". Hi-Def Digest wrote "arguably the show's most exuberant song, 'Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love,' [is] a clever, catchy celebration of adolescent agony". Florida Theatre On Stage wrote "Another memorable stretch was the extended fever dream of internal monologues about adolescence 'Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love.' Besides the perfect staging and performances, it highlighted the fluid lighting design by Paul Black (including considerable backlighting) and split-second calls of stage managers Brandy Demil and Michael J. Iannelli." The New York Times wrote "Driven by the rush of Mr. Bennett’s dynamic choreography, the mesh of story and songs is wonderfully seamless, especially in extended montages like the frenetic opening, 'I Hope I Get It,' and 'Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love,' a complex salute to the million and one pains of growing up." RecordOnline wrote "Most impressive might have been the wondrous 'Montage Part 1: Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love.' The ensemble packed great energy into this number, which sheds the innocence from the stage and turns the dancers into professionals."

References

Songs about teenagers
Songs from A Chorus Line
1975 songs
LGBT-related songs


title: Nothing (A Chorus Line song)

text:
Nothing, also referred to as Montage Part 2, is a song from the musical A Chorus Line. It is sung by the Puerto Rican character Diana. "Nothing" was written in 1968 by Edward Kleban.

Synopsis
CityBeat explains "Diana Morales...talks about a teacher who berated her". All About Theatre talks about "Diana's recollections of a horrible high school acting class". The Independent describes it as "an account of her humiliations at the hands of a high-school Method Acting teacher".

Critical reception
The Arts Desk describes it as "the song about theatrical pretension". Metro Theatre Arts wrote the song had "the essence of a star waiting to bloom". CT Theatre News and Reviews described the song as "dead-on and quite moving". The Independent "hilarious, gutsy to attack...that is one of the best songs in Marvin Hamlisch's snappy, agile score".

References

Songs from A Chorus Line
1975 songs


title: One (A Chorus Line song)

text:
One is a song from the musical A Chorus Line.

Production
Director Michael Bennett explained his view regarding the song's inception and placement within the show:

Synopsis

The dancers finally dance the chorus number for an unnamed and unseen star. They are all wearing uniforms so it is impossible to tell them apart. The uniqueness that made them all so interesting throughout the show has now been damaged by the reality of show business.

Critical reception
CityBeat described the song as "the show’s greatest emotional wallop". The Davis Enterprise dubbed it the show's "signature tune".
The song was covered in Sesame Street and featured in the home video 123 Count with Me.

Other media
In 1976, the Brady family performed the song in the pilot episode of The Brady Bunch Variety Hour.

On Sesame Street, it was covered by 10 Muppet numbers in a chorus line.

Catherine Zeta-Jones performed the song, with modified lyrics, in dedication to her husband Michael Douglas during the 2009 AFI Lifetime Achievement Award Ceremony.

References

Songs from A Chorus Line
1975 songs


title: Yahya Bennani

text:
Yahya Bennani, also spelled Yahia Bennani (; born 3 December 1962) is a Moroccan diplomat currently serving as the ambassador of Morocco to Kuwait. Yahya Bennani is the son of General Abdelziz Bennani.

Career
Bennani is a graduate of the Moroccan school of administration ENA (Ecole Nationale d'Administration). In 1992 he worked as a division chief in the Moroccan external intelligence agency, the DGED. In 1994 he held the position of adviser in the Moroccan embassy in Paris, before being appointed as an adviser in the cabinet of the DGED's director in 1996, a position he held until 2003, where he became a member of the cabinet of the minister of foreign affairs Mohammed Benaissa.

Between 2007 and 2011 he was Consul General in Colombes. In 2011 he became ambassador of Morocco to Kuwait.

References

1962 births
Moroccan expatriates in France
Ambassadors of Morocco
Ambassadors of Morocco to Kuwait
Living people
Moroccan civil servants
People of Moroccan intelligence agencies


title: Cryobacterium psychrophilum

text:
Cryobacterium psychrophilum is the type species of the bacterial genus Cryobacterium. It is an obligately psychrophilic, Gram-positive irregular rod-shaped actinomycete.

References

Further reading
Whitman, William B., et al., eds. Bergey's manual® of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5. Springer, 2012.

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Cryobacterium psychrophilum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Microbacteriaceae
Bacteria described in 1997
Psychrophiles


title: I Can Do That (A Chorus Line song)

text:
"I Can Do That" is a song from the musical A Chorus Line.

Production
As with the rest of the musical numbers in A Chorus Line, this song was inspired by real-life stories of dancers. CityBeat explains "nervous Mike...tells how he took over his sister’s dance class opportunity".

Critical reception
TheatrePeople described the musical style as "lively jazz swing", while MovieMet called it "an energetic, post-Vaudevillian song-and-dance" and added it "will remind film fans of Donald O’Connor’s “Make ‘em Laugh” routine from “Singin’ in the Rain”". Dance Informa deemed it a "potentially exuberant number", and Stage Whispers described it as "cute". It has also been described as a "high-energy number".

References

Songs from A Chorus Line
1975 songs


title: Cohnella thermotolerans

text:
Cohnella thermotolerans is the type species of the bacterial genus Cohnella. It is Gram-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming, with type strain CCUG 47242T (=CIP 108492T =DSM 17683T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Cohnella thermotolerans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Paenibacillaceae


title: Mauro Eustáquio

text:
Mauro Antunes Eustáquio (born 10 February 1993) is a Canadian soccer coach and former professional player who played as a midfielder. He is as an assistant coach with York United of the Canadian Premier League.

Born in Portugal, he represented Canada at international level.

Early life
Eustáquio was born in Nazaré, Leiria District, and moved to Leamington, Ontario when he was 13 months old. He returned to Portugal at the age of 11, and spent time in the youth academies of Grupo Desportivo Os Nazarenos and U.D. Leiria.

Eustáquio started his senior career in 2012, with fourth division club Sporting Clube Pombal.

Club career

Ottawa Fury
On 20 December 2013, Eustáquio signed with North American Soccer League club Ottawa Fury FC. He made his debut on 2 August 2014 as a replacement starter for injured captain Richie Ryan in a 2–1 away loss against Minnesota United FC, and finished the season with eight appearances.

Eustáquio featured significantly the following campaign, playing 23 times across all competitions including twice in the team's run in the Soccer Bowl. He scored his first goal for them on 8 August 2015 in a 4–1 win over the Indy Eleven on 8 August 2015, earning a place on the league's Team of the Week; he added a second on 18 October, helping the hosts defeat the San Antonio Scorpions 1–0, and later in the year he agreed to a contract extension.

Eustáquio nearly went on loan to FC Edmonton during the 2016 season in exchange for Mallan Roberts, however the move fell through. In December, the Fury announced that the former would not return to the club as it was due to move to the United Soccer League.

FC Edmonton
On 14 February 2017, Eustáquio joined FC Edmonton. On 24 November, after the club ceased operations, he left.

Penn FC
In February 2018, Eustáquio signed with Penn FC of the USL. In June, he suffered a knee injury that would sideline him for the rest of the season.

Cavalry FC
On 20 March 2019, Eustáquio moved to the Canadian Premier League after agreeing to a contract at Cavalry FC. He played ten league matches for the side in the inaugural campaign of the competition.

Caldas
Eustáquio joined Caldas S.C. of the Portuguese third tier on 21 July 2020. He announced his retirement on 7 April 2021 at the age of 28.

Coaching career
Immediately after his retirement, Eustáquio joined the coaching staff of Calgary Foothills FC as development phase boys manager. In February 2022, he was named assistant at Canadian Premier League club York United FC.

Personal life
Eustáquio's younger brother, Stephen, is also a footballer. A midfielder as well, he represented Portugal at under-21 level and the Canadian senior team.

Career statistics

Honours
Ottawa Fury
North American Soccer League: 2015 Fall Championship

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
People from Nazaré, Portugal
People from Leamington, Ontario
Canadian people of Portuguese descent
Portuguese emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Sportspeople from Essex County, Ontario
Footballers from Leiria District
Soccer people from Ontario
Canadian men's soccer players
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
USL Championship players
Ottawa Fury FC players
FC Edmonton players
Penn FC players
Canadian Premier League players
Cavalry FC players
Campeonato de Portugal (league) players
U.D. Leiria players
S.C. Pombal players
Caldas S.C. players
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canada men's under-23 international soccer players
Canadian expatriate men's soccer players
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in the United States
York United FC non-playing staff


title: Cohnella hongkongensis

text:
Cohnella hongkongensis, formerly known as Paenibacillus hongkongensis, is a species in the bacterial genus Cohnella. It is Gram-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming, with type strain HKU3T (=CCUG 49571T =CIP 107898T =DSM 17642T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
WORMS
Type strain of Cohnella hongkongensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Paenibacillaceae


title: Micromonospora gifhornensis

text:
Micromonospora gifhornensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Micromonospora. It is Gram-positive, aerobic and spore-forming.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Verrucosispora gifhornensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Micromonosporaceae
Bacteria described in 1998


title: Dietzia natronolimnaea

text:
Dietzia natronolimnaea is an alkaliphilic, aerobic, organotrophic bacteria, with type strain 15LN1 (= CBS 107.95).

References

Further reading
Sneath, Peter HA, et al. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Volume 5. Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
Koerner, Roland J., Michael Goodfellow, and Amanda L. Jones. "The genus Dietzia: a new home for some known and emerging opportunist pathogens."FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 55.3 (2009): 296–305.

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Dietzia natronolimnaea at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Mycobacteriales
Bacteria described in 1999


title: 1928–29 FC Barcelona season

text:
The 1928–29 season is FC Barcelona's 30th in existence, and was their first year in the Primera División, and covers the period from 1928-07-01 to 1929-06-30.

FC Barcelona won the first Liga title ever, and it was their only title of the year.

First-team squad

Competitions

La Liga

League table

Results by round

Matches

Copa del Rey

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Catalan football championship

League table

Matches

Friendlies

Results

References
BDFutbol
LinguaSport
Webdelcule.com

FC Barcelona seasons
Barcelona
1929


title: Saharsa–Amritsar Garib Rath Express

text:
The 12203 / 04 Saharsa Amritsar Garib Rath Express is a Superfast Express train of the Garib Rath category belonging to Indian Railways - Northern Railway zone that runs between Saharsa Junction of Bihar and Amritsar Junction of Punjab. It operates as train number 12203 from Saharsa Junction to Amritsar Junction and as train number 12204 in the reverse direction serving the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana & Punjab.

This train was the first Garib Rath Express in the Indian Railways, introduced by the then Rail Minister of India Lalu Prasad Yadav.

Coaches

The 12203 / 04 Saharsa Amritsar Garib Rath Express has 13 AC 3 tier, 4 AC Chair Car and 2 End on Generator Coaches. It does not carry a Pantry car coach.

As is customary with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

Service

The 12203 Saharsa Amritsar Garib Rath Express covers the distance of  in 30 hours 00 mins (57.43 km/h) and in 29 hours 40 mins as 12204 Amritsar Saharsa Garib Rath Express (58.08 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is above , as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

Routeing

The 12203 / 04 Saharsa Amritsar Garib Rath Express runs from Saharsa Junction via Barauni Junction, Samastipur Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction,Siwan Junction,Gorakhpur Junction, Lucknow NR, Bareilly, New Delhi, Ambala Cant Junction, Ludhiana Junction to Amritsar Junction.

Traction

The train is powered by a WAP-4 or WAP-1 electric locomotive from Ghaziabad or Ludhiana loco sheds.

Timings

12203 Saharsa Amritsar Garib Rath Express leaves Saharsa Junction every Monday, Thursday & Sunday at 15:00 hrs IST and reaches Amritsar Junction at 21:00 hrs IST the next day.

12204 Amritsar Saharsa Garib Rath Express leaves Amritsar Junction every Wednesday, Saturday & Sunday at 04:30 hrs IST and reaches Saharsa Junction at 10:10 hrs IST the next day.

Gallery

References

 http://www.indianrail.gov.in/garibrath_trn_list.html
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLEx8giVZd4
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAmyqO0wjW4
 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Saharsa-Amritsar-Garib-Rath-route-changed/articleshow/589333.cms
 http://www.mouthshut.com/review/Garib-Rath-Express-review-tmrslmoqor
 https://www.flickr.com/photos/ankitwap7/5246137954/
 http://tech.firstpost.com/watch-videos/irfca-2203-saharsa-amritsar-garib-rath-express-speeds-through-adarsh-nagar-_hTWkTRV3Qkg.html
 http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/garib-rath-not-cheap-enough-for-bihar-s-poor/15131/

External links

Rail transport in Bihar
Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Rail transport in Delhi
Rail transport in Haryana
Rail transport in Punjab, India
Garib Rath Express trains
Transport in Amritsar
Transport in Saharsa


title: Desulfobacter halotolerans

text:
Desulfobacter halotolerans is a halotolerant, acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is mesophilic and rod-shaped, with type strain GSL-Ac1.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Desulfobacter halotolerans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Desulfobacterales
Bacteria described in 1998


title: Halomonas alimentaria

text:
Halomonas alimentaria is a bacterium first isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, hence its name. It is Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, non-motile and coccus- or short rod-shaped, with type strain YKJ-16T (= KCCM 41042T = JCM 10888T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Halomonas alimentaria at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Oceanospirillales
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica

text:
Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica is a dimethyl disulfide-degrading actinomycete, with type strain DSM 44247T.

References

Further reading
Lee, Soon Dong, Eun Suk Kim, and Yung Chil Hah. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Pseudonocardia and Actinobispora based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences." FEMS Microbiology Letters 182.1 (2000): 125–129.

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Pseudonocardia
Bacteria described in 1998


title: Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans

text:
Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans is a dimethyl disulfide-degrading actinomycete, with type strain DSM 44248T.

References

Further reading
Lee, Soon Dong, Eun Suk Kim, and Yung Chil Hah. "Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Pseudonocardia and Actinobispora based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences." FEMS Microbiology Letters 182.1 (2000): 125–129.

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Pseudonocardia
Bacteria described in 1998


title: Bifidobacterium ruminantium

text:
Bifidobacterium ruminantium is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Bifidobacterium ruminantium at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bifidobacteriales
Bacteria described in 1991


The International Violin Competition of Indianapolis (IVCI) is a classical violin competition which takes place once every four years in Indianapolis, Indiana. Since its founding in 1982, "The Indianapolis" has been regarded as the Olympics of the Violin, and dubbed "the ultimate violin contest" by the Chicago Tribune.

History

Founded in 1982 under the artistic guidance of Josef Gingold and Founding Director Thomas J. Beczkiewicz, the IVCI became recognized by the World Federation of International Music Competitions and has been a member of that federation since 1984. Gingold, an esteemed professor of violin at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University in Bloomington, IN, had served on the juries of every major violin competition in the world and became the IVCI's Founding Artistic Director. In 1994, artistic leadership passed to one of his most well-known pupils, Jaime Laredo, who retains the title of Jury President to this day.

For the 10th Quadrennial Competition in September 2018, the prize for the Gold Medal winner included a cash prize of US$30,000, a 24K Gold Medal, and a recital debut at Carnegie Hall's Stern Auditorium. The Gold, Silver and bronze medalists receive career management for four years, and Laureates have the opportunity to use one of several instruments owned by the IVCI, including the 1683 "ex-Gingold" Stradivarius violin.

Competition

The competition is typically composed of four parts:

 Preliminaries (40 participants). The first round consists of a 45-minute recital, concentrating on J.S. Bach's Sonatas and partitas for solo violin, violin sonatas by Mozart, plus two of Paganini's 24 Caprices for Solo Violin or Paganiniana by Nathan Milstein. Each participant must also perform one encore work.
 Semi-Finals (16 participants). Each participant performs a 75-minute recital consisting of any violin sonata by Beethoven, plus two additional works (typically with piano accompaniment). Each participant is given a list of over sixty works from which to choose. Included in this round is a compulsory work, commissioned specifically for each Competition.
 Classical Finals (6 participants).  Each Finalist performs a violin concerto by Mozart or Haydn, plus an encore work by Fritz Kreisler, performed with a chamber orchestra.
Finals (6 participants). Each Finalist performs one of 21 major violin concertos with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra.

Commissioned Works

Past Winners (Laureates)

From the competition website.

Jury Members

* IVCI Laureate

†Unable to attend

Juried Exhibition of Student Art (JESA)
The Juried Exhibition of Student Art (JESA) is one of the most far-reaching multi-disciplinary art projects for grades one through twelve in the state of Indiana. Held in conjunction with the Quadrennial International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, the 2018 JESA involved over 26,600 school children and 169 art teachers throughout the state. JESA is one of the few programs that awards a cash prize to each school or sponsoring organization of the Grand Award Winners as well as to the students. The IVCI awarded $10,000 in prizes to outstanding artists and their schools or sponsoring organizations in 2018.

The program was designed to affirm the highest standards of visual arts; to encourage the pursuit of visual arts as a career; to help integrate the disciplines of the performing and the visual arts; to increase community support for the arts; and to heighten student awareness of the IVCI and its cultural importance to the entire state.

References

External links
 Official Competition Website

Violin competitions
Music competitions in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Indianapolis


title: Bifidobacterium merycicum

text:
Bifidobacterium merycicum is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Bifidobacterium merycicum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bifidobacteriales
Bacteria described in 1991


title: Bacillus aerius

text:
Bacillus aerius is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name. Its type strain is 24KT (=MTCC 7303T =JCM 13348T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN

aerius
Bacteria described in 2006


title: Bacillus aerophilus

text:
Bacillus aerophilus is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name. Its type strain is 28KT (=MTCC 7304T =JCM 13347T).

References

Further reading

Gowdhaman, Dharmalingam, et al. "Optimization of the xylanase production with the newly isolated Bacillus aerophilus KGJ2." TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY-TURK BIYOKIMYA DERGISI 39.1 (2014): 70–77.

External links

LPSN

aerophilus
Bacteria described in 2006


title: Bacillus altitudinis

text:
Bacillus altitudinis is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name. Its type strain is 41KF2bT (=MTCC 7306T =JCM 13350T).

References

Further reading

Sreeja, S. J., et al. "Optimization of cellulase production by Bacillus altitudinis APS MSU and Bacillus licheniformis APS2 MSU, gut isolates of fish Etroplus suratensis." (2013).

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Bacillus altitudinis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

altitudinis
Bacteria described in 2006


title: Butyrivibrio hungatei

text:
Butyrivibrio hungatei is a species of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing  bacteria. It is curved rod-shaped and motile by means of single polar or subpolar flagellum and is common in the rumen. Its type strain is JK 615T (=DSM 14810T =ATCC BAA-456T).

References

Further reading

Mrazek, J., et al. "Diet-dependent shifts in ruminal butyrate-producing bacteria."Folia microbiologica 51.4 (2006): 294-298.
Stack, ROBERT J. "Neutral sugar composition of extracellular polysaccharides produced by strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54.4 (1988): 878–883.

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Butyrivibrio hungatei at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Lachnospiraceae
Gut flora bacteria
Bacteria described in 2003


title: Microvirgula aerodenitrificans

text:
Microvirgula aerodenitrificans is a species of bacteria, the only species in its genus. It is a Gram-negative, catalase-and oxidase-positive, curved rod-shaped and motile denitrifier. It is aerobic as well as an anoxic heterotroph, having an atypical respiratory type of metabolism in which oxygen and nitrogen oxides are used simultaneously as terminal electron acceptors. SGLY2T is its type strain.

References

Further reading
Patureau, D., et al. "Physiological, molecular and modeling studies of an aerobic denitrifier: Microvirgula aerodenitrificans. Use of its properties in an integrated nitrogen removal plant." Water science and technology 38.1 (1998): 167–175.

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Microvirgula aerodenitrificans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Neisseriales
Bacteria described in 1998


title: Bacillus nealsonii

text:
Bacillus nealsonii is a species of bacteria first isolated from a spacecraft-assembly facility. Its spores are γ-radiation resistant. It is Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and produces endospores. Its type strain is FO-92T (=ATCC BAA-519T =DSM 15077T).

This species has been recently transferred into the genus Niallia. The correct nomenclature is Niallia nealsonii.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Bacillus nealsonii at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

nealsonii
Bacteria described in 2003


title: Acetivibrio straminisolvens

text:
Acetivibrio  straminisolvens is a moderately thermophilic, aerotolerant and cellulolytic bacterium. It is non-motile, spore-forming, straight or slightly curved rod, with type strain CSK1T (=DSM 16021T =IAM 15070T). Its genome has been sequenced.

References

Further reading

External links

 LPSN
 Type strain of Clostridium straminisolvens at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
 lpsn.dsmz.de, list of prokaryotic names with standing nomenclature, Clostridium straminisolvens etymology

Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria described in 2004
Oscillospiraceae


title: Laurie Robinson

text:
Laurie Robinson is an American music producer, composer, and solo artist active in the film, television, video games industries as well as the concert world. She is creative director at the Collective Music & Media Group, a production company which is known for large music installations. She is also known for her compositions on the multi-award winning score of the video game Advent Rising with Tommy Tallarico and Emmanuel Fratianni.

Early life
Laurie Robinson grew up in the Sonoran Desert, raised by her hobbyist musician mother and music-loving father. Her early influences include Bill Evans, Julie Andrews, Rodgers & Hammerstein, Stevie Wonder and Stan Getz. She graduated from University of Arizona in Music Composition cum laude, where she studied under neo-classical composer Robert Muczynski as well as pianist, pedagogue and Liszt scholar Ozan Marsh.

Career

Concert works
Laurie Robinson's symphonic compositions and orchestrations for video game music, such as those for Advent Rising, Halo, have been performed internationally since 2005 as part of the Video Games Live concert series with a number of renowned orchestras, including the Los Angeles Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony, National Symphony Orchestra at the Kennedy Center, Pittsburgh Symphony, The London Philharmonic, Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, and Taipei Philharmonic.

In 2013, Robinson was commissioned to compose "Portale, City of Angeles- Gateway to the World" nicknamed "Symphony in an Airport," to commemorate the grand opening of the new Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) The commission represented a return of public and private philanthropy to the funding of new public works of art. The score was presented to Antonio Villaraigosa, retiring Mayor of Los Angeles by Westfield Group's Co-CEO Peter Lowy at the premier. The symphony premier was sponsored in part by Westfield Corporation, and facilitated by the Los Angeles Airport Authority (LAWA), City of Los Angeles Office of Tourism, Jupiter Ambrosia Productions and in small part by Ville de Lausanne and Canton de Vaud, Switzerland.

"Portale" was co-composed and also conducted by Maestro Emmanuel Fratianni at the premier. It was written as a concerto grosso featuring the Hollywood Scoring Orchestra and visiting international soloists including: Karen Han (erhu), Stefan Saccon (saxophone), choir and others. The music was specifically composed to highlight the acoustics of the iconic terminal design by Fentress Architects and the IEMS environmental media art of MRA International, Sardi Design, Moment Factory and Digital Kitchen. A dedication listed from a Westfield press release reads: "Meaning 'city gate', Portale attempts to take the listener through Los Angeles' journey, by highlighting the origin of its natural beauty and the Pacific Ocean and continuing on to tell the story of the city as a melting pot for 'citizens of the world,' whose ingenuity and innovation underscores the genius and creativity rooted in the city's people."

Film music
After graduating from University of Arizona, Robinson moved to Los Angeles and continued her training at UCLA and began work as a composer in the entertainment industry under the mentorship of Alf Clausen (The Simpsons) and Jay Chattaway (Star Trek). She composed incidental music and underscoring licensed for a number of TV shows and programs including Breaking Bad, NCIS, American Idol, Futurama, Dateline NBC, PBS' Out in America and American Masters television series and numerous commercials. She also worked in the film and record business for Paramount Pictures music library and Bill Hughes Music Services as a scoring proofreader for Whitney Houston, Julie Andrews and Billy Byers tours and albums and multiple Oscars telecasts.  She was mentored by and became a frequent collaborator and arranger for Grammy-winning record producer Ted Perlman.

Video games
In 2005, Robinson was invited by Emmanuel Fratianni and Tommy Tallarico to compose the music for the video game Advent Rising. The score was widely praised and was the recipient of "Soundtrack of the Year" by Play magazine, a G.A.N.G. Award, as well as several G.A.N.G. and NAViGaTR nominations and released as a soundtrack album on Nile Rodgers' Sumthing Else Music Works record label. In 2008 the score was released by EMI classics on the compilation album Video Games Live, Vol. 1 and debuted at #8 on the Billboard Top-Ten classical crossover chart. In 2011 the London Philharmonic recorded the score as the title track on the album The Greatest Video Game Music, which debuted at #3 on the classical crossover chart, resulting in her second appearance in the top 10 as a composer.

As session singer and vocal track producer for video game scores, she recorded the vocals for the Advent Rising scores Muse and Poeta, a fan favorite often referred to as an "ethereal" and "ghostly soprano" among gaming music fans. She collaborated briefly with composers Cris Velasco and Sasha Dikiciyan as vocal artist on the Hellgate: London and Beowulf soundtracks in Los Angeles as well as the Paris Ubisoft studio. Her orchestration of Marty O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori's HALO theme is a fan favorite on multiple albums and the Video Games Live international concert tour.

Guest artist – vocalist
Beginning in her college days, Robinson worked as a session vocalist and voice contractor for local band recordings in Arizona. She continued that service when she relocated to Los Angeles for independent film soundtracks, commercials and video games. In 2004 while composing music for the game Advent Rising, her vocal tracks intended as a scratch vocals was retained by the producers and went on to the Video Games Live, Vol. 1 in 2008, which landed in the Billboard Top-Ten, beginning her career in the classical/crossover world as a soloist.

In 2005 Robinson made her Hollywood Bowl debut with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, for the inaugural Video Games Live concert with an audience of 11,000 people. She toured with Video Games Live as the featured soloist for the next three years. Her concerts included performing as a guest artist with National Symphony Orchestra at the Kennedy Center, the Houston Symphony, and others. In 2010 she was featured as a soloist in a PBS concert broadcast with the Louisiana Philharmonic entitled Video Games Live.

Other work
Robinson is also co-founder of the Southern California Piano Academy, a Los Angeles neighborhood music conservatory and pedagogical workshop dedicated to the study and development of music education for young people.  Laurie's video game concert scores for school symphony, choir, wind ensemble and marching band, are published by Alfred Music Publishing in North America.

Discography

References

External links
 Homepage

Record producers from Arizona
Living people
Musicians from Arizona
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women composers
21st-century American composers
Video game musicians
American women record producers
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century women composers


title: Phycicoccus elongatus

text:
Phycicoccus elongatus is a polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium. It is meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing, gram-positive, asporogenous oval- to rod-shaped and an aerobic chemoheterotroph.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Tetrasphaera elongata at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Intrasporangiaceae
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Ruleton, Kansas

text:
Ruleton is an unincorporated community in Sherman County, Kansas, United States.

History
The first post office in Ruleton was established in 1887.

Located in Ruleton is the Ruleton School, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sherman County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sherman County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Corynebacterium efficiens

text:
Corynebacterium efficiens is a thermotolerant, glutamic acid-producing (from dextrin) species of bacteria from soil and vegetables. Its type strain is YS-314T (= AJ 12310T = JCM 11189T = DSM 44549T).

References

Further reading

External links

 LPSN
 Type strain of Corynebacterium efficiens at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Corynebacterium
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Le Jazz Hot!

text:
"Le Jazz Hot!" is a song from the 1982 musical film Victor/Victoria. It is sung by Victor/Victoria, performed by Julie Andrews in both the film and the original Broadway cast. Le Jazz Hot was also choreographed by Katherine Dunham.

Synopsis
The song featured Victor/Victoria's debut to the world and the stage is themed with a piano and backup dancers. Victoria successfully fools the audience into believing that she is a male drag queen.

The Los Angeles Times explained:

Critical reception
Variety wrote "Victor’s debut, the sizzling "Le Jazz Hot", is a brassy, slinky tribute to New Orleans jazz, choreographed by Rob Marshall with tremendous energy." TV Guide deemed it "the film's one good number".Adelaide Theatre Guide called it "stylishly flattering". The LA Times wrote: "'Le Jazz Hot,' Andrews' big number in the first act, is a song that says nothing, but allows her to sing and look good while decked out in fringe and glitter". Hi-Def Digest said the song had "electrifying excitement".

Cover versions
In the second season of television series Glee, the song is covered by the character Kurt Hummel, played by Chris Colfer.

References

Songs about jazz
Songs written for films
Songs with music by Henry Mancini
Songs written by Leslie Bricusse
1982 songs


title: Samuel Clarke Porter

text:
Samuel Clarke Porter (14 June 1875 – 10 July 1956) was a judge and politician in Northern Ireland.

Biography
Born in Portrush, Porter studied at the Coleraine Academical Institution, Methodist College Belfast and Queen's University Belfast, before qualifying in law with the Royal University of Ireland.

Porter qualified as a barrister in 1903.  He also became politically active, joining the Irish Liberal Party.  A supporter of Irish Home Rule, he left the Liberals and stood for the Belfast Labour Representation Committee in Belfast Pottinger at the 1918 general election, taking second place with 20.7% of the vote.

Porter subsequently focused on his legal career.  He was made a King's Counsel in 1933, a Bencher in 1939, the Senior Crown Prosecutor for County Down in 1943 and then Belfast in 1945, and acted as the Lord Justice for the Government of Northern Ireland when the Governor of Northern Ireland was absent.  In 1946, he was made a Lord Justice of Appeal in the Supreme Court of Northern Ireland, and the following year he was appointed to the Privy Council of Northern Ireland.

References

1875 births
1956 deaths
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Alumni of the Royal University of Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
People from Portrush
Politicians from Northern Ireland
Protestant Irish nationalists
Lords Justice of Appeal of Northern Ireland
Lawyers from County Antrim


title: Basiphyllaea corallicola

text:
Basiphyllaea corallicola is a species of orchid native to Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

Basiphyllaea corallicola is a terrestrial herb up to 40 cm tall, with underground tubers. Leaves are narrowly linear to elliptic, up to 25 cm long. Flowers are borne in a scape of up to 10 nodding flowers, each yellow-green with a white lip.

References

External links
Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Basiphyllaea corallicola
USDA plants profile, Basiphyllaea corallicola (Small) Ames,  Carter's orchid
Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Carter's Orchid, Basiphyllaea corallicola
Institute for Regional Conservation, Floristic Inventory of South Florida Online, Basiphyllaea corallicola (Small) Ames,  Carter's orchid

Bletiinae
Orchids of Florida
Orchids of Haiti
Orchids of Puerto Rico
Flora of the Bahamas
Flora of Cuba
Flora of the Dominican Republic
Plants described in 1910
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Ryszard Horodecki

text:
Ryszard Horodecki (born 30 September 1943) is a Polish physicist and a professor of University of Gdańsk. He contributed largely to the field of quantum informatics. In his most widely cited paper, 'Separability of Mixed States: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions' written together with his sons, Michał and Paweł, he proposed the idea currently known as the Peres-Horodecki criterion. With over 12,000 citations, he is considered to be one of the leading Polish physicists .

Career
He graduated from Department of Electronics, University of Gdańsk. Horodecki received his Ph.D. from Gdańsk University of Technology in 1976. Twenty-one years later, in 1997 he obtained his habilitation from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. His contribution to the quantum informatics were acknowledged in 2008, when he received the Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science in the field of mathematics and physics. In 2010 he became a member of Polish Academy of Sciences, whereas in 2011 received prestigious ERC Advanced Grant.

Beyond scientific work, Horodecki publishes also poems in several Polish newspapers, particularly in Tygodnik Powszechny.

Personal life

Horodecki's sons, Michał, Paweł, and Karol are also physicists working in Gdańsk with all of whom he jointly published the review article "Quantum entanglement".

Honours and awards

 Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science (2008)
 European Research Council Advanced Grant (2011)

Most influential publications

 Horodecki M., Horodecki P., Horodecki R., (1996) Separability of Mixed States: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions, Physics Letters A

References

External links
 Some information about Horodecki - Foundation for Polish Science webpage
 National Quantum Information Centre in Gdansk - Scientific Council
 Interview with Horodecki (in Polish)
 Horodecki in the database of Polish scientists (in Polish)
 Short clip about Horodecki made by Foundation for Polish Science
 Horodecki awarded a Two Million Euro European Research Council (ERC) grant - news report
  Corresponding Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences

1943 births
Living people
20th-century Polish physicists
People from Kovel
University of Gdańsk alumni
Gdańsk University of Technology alumni
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń alumni
Academic staff of the University of Gdańsk
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
European Research Council grantees


title: Mike Gunn

text:
Mike Gunn (born 10 May 1964) is a British stand-up comedian, presenter, actor, writer, and voiceover artiste. He is most notable for his performance on Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and for appearing in nine episodes of Al Murray's Time Gentlemen Please.

Early life
Born in Barnet, Gunn is married and has two boys. He attended Collingwood Secondary Modern school and went on to do an OND in Business at Brooklands. However, drink and drug problems forced him to drop out after the first year.
Struggling with drug addiction, Gunn took on many varied jobs, including packing pickled gherkins in the Netherlands, manufacturing irrigation pipes in Israel, and repairing photocopiers in London.
In the late 1980s he attended Clouds House, a 12-step drug treatment centre for his heroin addiction, and has been drug-free ever since. It was during his rehabilitation that he took up stand-up comedy, performing his first gig at Jacksons Lane Community Centre, North London, in 1995.

Career

Stand-up comedy
Gunn spent a few years on the comedy circuit performing as himself, but soon took on a different persona as a funeral director. This character act culminated in his first solo Edinburgh show, which was entitled "Good Grief" (2002).
Just a year later, Gunn made his second Edinburgh solo appearance with "Uncut", an honest and funny narrative exploring his 10 years as an addict, and following through to his recovery. It was highly acclaimed and received an Arts Council grant, leading to it being performed for years all over the UK, in treatment centres, prisons, and schools, to anyone who had an interest in addiction and recovery from addiction.

In 2012 Gunn teamed up with fellow comedian Sean Collins and embarked on a UK tour with their show "Still on the Roadshow".
He has supported Jo Brand and Alan Davies on national tours and is on the road again this year (2014), with Lee Mack on his forthcoming tour "Hit The Road Mack".

He has performed internationally in countries including the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Australia, where he completed a five-week sell out run at Melbourne's International Comedy Festival. Gunn became the first comedian to play in Kuatan, East Malaysia and has also entertained troops in the Falkland Islands.

Shortlisted for Time Out Dubai – Music & Nightlife Awards: Best Comedy Gig as part of The Laughter Factory along with Justin Moorhouse and Paul Sinha. The show received "Highly Commended" for Best Comedy Gig.

TV appearances and filmography
Gunn has appeared in various programs, both as an actor, and as himself.

Other appearances include Harry Hill's TV Burp (ITV), Celebrity Deal or no Deal (Channel 4), Soccer AM (SKY1), The Comedy Store, and The World Stands Up (Comedy Central), and Gunn is a regular on the Sky Poker channel (SKY).

Other
Gunn spent four years educating young children about drugs by working on the 2Smart4Drugs roadshow, which was funded by Essex police.

Hen has been a contributor for The Guardian, and has also written for Time Out, The List, The 11 O'clock Show (Channel 4) and Match of The Day Magazine.

References

External links
 Official website
 Official Twitter Account
 Mike Gunn's Management

1964 births
Living people
English male comedians
English stand-up comedians
People from the London Borough of Barnet
Comedians from London


title: Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2013

text:
The Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2014 () is a bill that would amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize grant programs and other initiatives to promote expanded screening of newborns and children for heritable disorders.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. A companion bill, , was introduced into the United States Senate.

There is no record in this article that the proposed bill ever became US Federal statutory law.

Background

Newborn screening programs test for a number of different conditions using a number of different laboratorial methodologies. There is also bedside testing for hearing loss using evoked auditory potentials and congenital heart defects using pulse oximetry.  Newborn screening started out using simple bacterial inhibition assays to screen for a single disorder, starting with phenylketonuria in the early 1960s.  With this testing methodology, newborn screening required one test to detect one condition.  As mass spectrometry became more widely available, the technology allowed rapid determination of a number of acylcarnitines and amino acids from a single dried blood spot.  This increased the number of conditions that could be detected by newborn screening.  Enzyme assays are used to screen for galactosemia and biotinidase deficiency.  Immunoassays measure thyroid hormones for the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.  Molecular techniques are used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and severe combined immunodeficiency.

The first newborn screening law, the Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2007 (), was passed in 2008. The law established national standards for newborn screenings.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2014 would amend the Public Health Service Act to extend and revise a grant program for screening, counseling, and other services related to heritable disorders. The bill would expand eligible grantees to include a health professional organization and an early childhood health system.

The bill would extend a grant program to evaluate the effectiveness of screening, counseling, or health care services in reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by heritable disorders in newborns and children. Expands the program to include evaluation of treatment and follow-up care for newborns and their families after screening and diagnosis.

The bill would extend for five years the operation of the Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children. Authorizes the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to continue the Advisory Committee after such time. Requires the Advisory Committee to meet in person at least twice each year.

The bill would extend the clearinghouse for newborn screening information. Expands the duties of the clearinghouse to include: (1) maintaining current data on the number of conditions for which screening is conducted in each state; and (2) establishing or disseminating guidelines for services and personnel necessary for follow-up, diagnosis, counseling, and treatment of to conditions detected by newborn screening.

The bill would extend requirements for the Secretary to provide for quality assurance of laboratories involved in screening newborns and children for heritable disorders.

The bill would extend the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Newborn and Child Screening.

The bill would authorize the Secretary to have the Hunter Kelly Newborn Screening Research Program to: (1) provide research and data for newborn conditions under review by the Advisory Committee to be added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel; and (2) conduct pilot studies on conditions recommended by the Advisory Committee to ensure that screenings are ready for nationwide implementation.

The bill would direct the Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to award grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements with, eligible entities to develop longitudinal follow-up and tracking programs for newborn screening.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on April 3, 2014. This is a public domain source.

H.R. 1281 would amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize grant programs and other initiatives to promote expanded screening of newborns and children for heritable disorders. Authority to operate those programs expired at the end of fiscal year 2013. However, the Congress appropriated funds for fiscal year 2014 to continue the programs in 2014.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing H.R. 1281 would cost $80 million over the 2015-2019 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. H.R. 1281 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

H.R. 1281 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments.

Procedural history
The Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on March 20, 2013 by Rep. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D, CA-40). The bill was referred to the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce and the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Health. The bill was reported (amended) on June 19, 2014 alongside House Report 113-478.

Debate and discussion
The March of Dimes encouraged its supporters to "tell Congress that you support" the bill. The March of Dimes described the bill as reauthorizing "critical federal activities that assist states in improving and expanding their newborn screening programs, supporting parents and provider newborns screening education, and ensuring laboratory quality and surveillance."

The Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) supported the bill, arguing that "many of the drug therapies currently under development for MDA's community will be of most benefit if administered either presymptomatically or early in the progression of the disease. Thus, for some of the diseases in MDA's program, the availability of a newborn screening program at the time of treatment availability presents the best opportunity for impacting optimal and potential lifesaving treatment outcomes."

Rep. Roybal-Allard, who introduced the bill, argued that "newborn screening not only transforms and save lives - it saves money." According to Roybal-Allard, in California "newborns are screened for more than 40 preventable and treatable conditions – and for every one dollar California spends on screening, it yields a benefit of over $9 as we prevent disease in children who are diagnosed with these treatable conditions."

Rep. Mike Simpson (R-ID), who cosponsored the bill, said that "the bill reflects the realities of reduced budgets Washington, but continues and strengthens the well established system of monitoring and evaluating infant conditions soon after birth. Just one small blood sample from the newborn’s foot identifies infants with genetic or other conditions that can be treated quickly and effectively, saving and improving thousands of lives."

The National Association of Neonatal Nurses also supported the bill.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
Newborn screening
Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2007
List of disorders included in newborn screening programs

References

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 1281
beta.congress.gov H.R. 1281
GovTrack.us H.R. 1281
OpenCongress.org H.R. 1281
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 1281
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 1281

Acts of the 113th United States Congress
Newborn screening


title: List of Alcorn State Braves in the NFL draft

text:
This is a list of Alcorn State Braves football players in the NFL Draft.

Key

Selections

References

Alcorn State

Alcorn State Braves NFL draft


title: Petals on the Wind (film)

text:
Petals on the Wind is a 2014 Lifetime movie sequel to the 2014 adaptation Flowers in the Attic, starring Heather Graham, Rose McIver, Wyatt Nash, Bailey Buntain and Ellen Burstyn. It is based on V. C. Andrews' 1980 novel of the same name, the second novel on the Dollanganger series. The film follows the surviving Dollanganger children—Cathy, Chris and Carrie—ten years after escaping the attic. Despite attempting to move on with their lives, after multiple failed attempts and tragedies occur, Cathy decides it is time to take revenge on her mother.

Lifetime first announced the film shortly before Flowers in the Attic was released. The network announced on the premiere of the movie the developing of the following books of the Dollanganger series, If There Be Thorns and Seeds of Yesterday, both of which aired in 2015.

The film received a positive response from critics.

Plot
Ten years after escaping from Foxworth Hall, the surviving Dollanganger children—Cathy, Chris, and Carrie—attend the funeral of their adoptive father, Paul Sheffield, who took them in. They are still traumatized by their grandmother's abuse and their mother's betrayal, which led to the death of Carrie's twin, Cory. Meanwhile, their grandmother, Olivia, is disabled after having suffered a stroke a couple of years prior. Corrine has avoided all contact with her children and begins to renovate Foxworth Hall so she can take full ownership of the mansion.

Cathy has become an aspiring ballet dancer, Chris is in medical school, and Carrie is enrolled in an elite high school, but is constantly bullied for her small size. Cathy meets and is attracted to Julian Marquet, a fellow dancer. On their first date, he invites her to go to New York with him to try for a leading role in Romeo and Juliet, which she accepts. Later that night, Cathy and Chris admit that they still have feelings for each other and give in to their passion, making love. However, Cathy insists they must find others to love and live normal lives. The conversation reveals that Cathy was pregnant with Chris' child, conceived from their first sexual encounter while they were imprisoned, but miscarried. Although Chris says he can never love anyone but her, Cathy leaves for New York with Julian the next day with hopes of starting afresh with him.

Chris begins a relationship with Sarah Reeves, the daughter of his boss at the hospital where he works. Cathy's relationship with Julian quickly deteriorates as he shows a dark and abusive side. When she attempts to leave, Julian threatens to kill her and Chris. He drops her during ballet try-outs and injures her leg, ruining her chance of getting her desired role. She manages to sneak away to see Chris graduate from medical school but denies anything is wrong when he sees her black eye. Cathy returns to Julian after he shows regret for having abused her and helps her get the role of Juliet by putting broken glass in the original dancer's shoes. Cathy agrees to let Carrie stay with her and Julian to escape the relentless bullying at school. During the ballet, Chris catches Julian touching Carrie and a violent confrontation ensues. Julian drives off and Cathy goes with him. Cathy reveals she is pregnant with Julian's child, which causes an already erratically driving Julian to have an accident. Julian dies and Cathy is injured, but alive. Ten months later, after the birth of her son, Jory, Cathy opens her own ballet school.

Carrie meets and falls in love with a local minister named Alex, who proposes. Carrie is unsure about being a minister's wife, recalling their grandmother's statements of how she and her siblings are unholy abominations, but Cathy tells her to forget the past and look towards the future. Carrie encounters Corrine at a charity gathering and invites her to the wedding, but Corrine denies Carrie as her daughter. The next morning, Cathy and Chris find that Carrie has committed suicide by consuming poison-laced doughnuts (the same technique that was used to kill her twin). Cathy vows revenge on their murdering mother, despite Chris warily trying to talk her out of it. She hires Corrine's husband Bart Winslow as her attorney, under the guise of reviving the Sheffield estate, with the intent of seducing him. Bart is instantly attracted to her and they begin an affair.

Pressured by his boss, Chris proposes to Sarah and she accepts. However, the day before the wedding, Chris admits to Cathy he still loves her and does not want to marry Sarah. Cathy tells him that while she still does love him, she wants him to move on with his life, as their relationship cannot lead to anything. Despite this, the two end up sharing a passionate kiss. Sarah walks in and, horrified, ends her engagement with Chris, who is fired from his job as rumors of the incestuous relationship spread.

Chris asks Cathy to bring Jory and start a new life with him in California, where no one will know them. However, Cathy reveals that she is pregnant with Bart's child and intends to finish what she started. Chris decides to go with her to finally confront their mother and they sneak into Foxworth Hall on the day of Corrine's Christmas party. Cathy encounters her grandmother and confronts her about her religious hypocrisy and abuse towards her and her siblings. Undeterred, Olivia tells her that while she can abandon the family she will nevertheless forever be "the devil's spawn." During the party, Cathy reveals her identity and her mother's crimes to the stunned guests. Corrine initially denies everything, but Bart is suspicious and Olivia refuses to defend her. Corrine finally admits to everything, but insists she never intended to kill Cory or have the children put in the attic, defending her actions on the basis that her father would have rejected her and left all of them out of his will. Cathy then publicly reveals her pregnancy caused by Bart.

Corrine blames Olivia for forcing her to put the children in the attic. Olivia counters that the children are abominations and did not deserve to live. She gives Corrine a trunk of her old possessions, which when opened reveal the skeletal remains of Cory. Corrine has a mental breakdown and sets the bed and her mother on fire. Bart rushes in to save Olivia, but they both die in the flames. Cathy and Chris escape and watch Foxworth Hall burn to the ground.

Six years later, Cathy and Chris are now married and happily living in California with Jory and Bart Jr. under the surname Dollanganger. Corrine is institutionalized and deemed incompetent to stand trial for her crimes.

Cast

 Heather Graham as Corrine Winslow
 Ellen Burstyn as Olivia Foxworth
 Rose McIver as Cathy Dollanganger
 Wyatt Nash as Christopher Dollanganger, Jr.
 Bailey De Young as Carrie Dollanganger
 Ellia English as Henny
 Nick Searcy as Dr. Reeves
 Whitney Hoy as Sarah Reeves
 Dylan Bruce as Bart Winslow
 Will Kemp as Julian Marquet
 Helen Nasilski as Marisha Marquet
 George Korov as Ravil Isyanov
 Stephanie Kim as Yolanda Lange
 Ross Philips as Alex Conroy
 Skyler Vallo as Lacey St. Morgan
 Megan Easton as Ashley
 Molly Hagan as Miss Calhoun
 Gabriel Bateman as Michael
 Talitha Bateman as Emma

Production

Development and writing
Lifetime first announced plans to adapt the second book in the Dollanganger series on January 9, 2014, just before they aired Flowers in the Attic. It was also announced by writer Kayla Alpert that the film would take place ten years after Flowers in the Attic, whereas the book picked up directly after the events of the first. Alpert stated that she started working on the script for Petals on the Wind, shortly after she had finished the script for the first film.

Executive producer Michelle Weiss stated that adapting Petals on the Wind into film proved to be more difficult that the first one did. She said that while Flowers was a contained story that took place within only one location, Petals has a larger setting, more storylines and takes place during a longer period of time. The biggest challenge was the contain the story within a contained timeframe. She also stated the film takes place in Southern United States during the '70s.

Casting and filming
On January 28, 2014 it was announced that Heather Graham and Ellen Burstyn would reprise their roles from Flowers in the Attic as Corrine and Olivia Foxworth, respectively. On February 18 it was revealed that Rose McIver had landed the role of Cathy Dollanganger, taking over from Kiernan Shipka. During the same month, it was revealed that Wyatt Nash had been cast as Christopher; Bailey De Young role as Carrie was announced the following day.

McIver stated that due to the film's rushed production, she only had two weeks after her first audition to practice ballet for her role, before filming started on February 25; this left her unable to read any of the books. Regarding Cathy and Chris's relationship, she stated that both of the characters "know [their relationship]'s a taboo, but nobody else understands them the way they get each other" and due to their shared trauma, it's hard for them to connect with anyone else. Nash expressed a similar sentiment, believing that it's impossible for either of them to move forward and live happy lives apart from each other.

Production for the movie was rushed and actress Rose McIver, who portrayed Cathy, began filming in February 2014, two weeks after she attended her first audition, leaving her unable to read any of the novels before portraying the role. Immediately after filming was completed in March McIver began work on the television series iZombie.

A new character, that of Chris's love interest Sarah, was created for the movie and some portions of the book, notably the sexual relationship between Cathy and her adoptive father, were removed in order to condense the book for film. Of this choice, director Kayla Alpert stated that “After doing incest, we decided we didn’t need pedophilia on top of it" and that some of the book's plot had to be condensed for the movie.

Release

Ratings
In its original televised airing, Petals on the Wind was watched by 3.42 million viewers, and had a rating of 1.2 in the women 18–49 age demographic, down 37 percent from the 1.9 earned by Flowers.

Home media
On September 16, 2015, it was released as a single-disc DVD. It was later re-released on June 23, 2015, with Flowers in the Attic as a "Double Feature." On November 10, 2015, it was included in a "4-Film Collection" with Flowers in the Attic, If There Be Thorns, and Seeds of Yesterday.

Reception
Petals on the Wind averaged 64 out of 100, based on four critics, on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Variety reviewed the film, stating that it "looks and feels like a rush job, but improves on its predecessor in nearly every way." The A.V. Club gave the movie a rating of B−, as they felt that it "largely skews a bit underbaked to meet the promise of its own third act, and lacks the strength of Ellen Burstyn as its central figure, but there’s enough of the all-out V.C. Andrews flavor to make this installment worth a look for those who want to catch up with a family of soap people 30 years in the making." Entertainment Weekly described the film as being "muted", similarly to the first one, and stated that the actors shouldn't have taken the material as seriously as they did. Despite this, they found the film to have numerous instances that either meet or exceed the book's "ludicrous level".

Sequels
On the premiere of Petals on the Wind, Lifetime announced the production of the two following books on the Dollanganger series, If There Be Thorns and Seeds of Yesterday, both of which aired in 2015.

References

External links

2014 television films
2014 films
American sequel films
Incest in film
Lifetime (TV network) films
2010s English-language films
Films set in the 1970s
Films set in 1970


title: Ciskei Defence Medal

text:
The Ciskei Defence Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of Ciskei in 1988, for award to all ranks for general service.

The Ciskei Defence Force
The Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) was established upon that country's independence on 4 December 1981. The Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Ciskei Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Ciskei Defence Medal was instituted by the President of Ciskei in 1988.

Award criteria
The medal is a campaign medal which could be awarded to all ranks for general service.

Order of wear

Since the Ciskei Defence Medal was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

Ciskei Defence Force until 26 April 1994

Official CDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Chief C.D.F. Commendation Medal.
 Succeeded by the Independence Medal.
Ciskei official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Police Medal for Maintenance of Law and Order.
 Succeeded by the Independence Medal.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the General Service Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Nkwe Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the General Service Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Nkwe Medal of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.

The position of the Ciskei Defence Medal in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1994, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first in April 1996 when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged on both occasions.

Description
Obverse
The Ciskei Defence Medal is a medallion struck in bronze, 38 millimetres in diameter, displaying a Xhosa shield on a crossed spear and knobkierie between two sprays of leaves.

Reverse
The reverse displays the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Ciskei, with the inscriptions "IMBASA YOMKHOSI" above and "DEFENCE MEDAL" below.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 10 millimetres wide blue band and a 4 millimetres wide white band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 4 millimetres wide black band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Ciskei Defence Medal was discontinued when the Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.

References

Military decorations and medals of Ciskei
Awards established in 1988
Awards disestablished in 1994
1988 establishments in South Africa
1994 disestablishments in South Africa


title: Old district offices, Niš

text:
The building of the old district offices in Niš () is located on the quay Mike Paligorića and Šumatovačka streets in the city of Niš in southern Serbia. Today this building bears the status of cultural heritage of great importance.

History

In the vicinity of Niš Fortress, on the quay Mika Paligorića 2 and Šumatovačka street, facing toward the river Nišava, is located the building of the old district offices in Niš. After the liberation from Ottomans in 1878. the building was built in four years. The building was erected as facility that is with its position, size, style characteristics, represent the most monumental, the most representative public building in the former Niš. It was built by the plans of the Viennese architect, whose name remained unknown until today.

This building was important, among other things, because of connection with numerous important historical events. In the period from 26 July 1914, to 16 October in 1915, this building has had the office of the President of the Serbian government, Nikola Pašić. Exactly here was on 28 July 1914. received a telegram, by which Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which was also the formal beginning of the First World War.

European rulers of Austria, Germany, and Bulgaria were watched from the balcony of this building, the last parade, of their military units, before their big defeat in the First World War.

After the war, the building remains still under the district offices. District offices, was at that time, contained besides district from Niš, also five more districts. Increasing of the entire administrative apparatus, has led to the need to expand of office space within the building.

Today, this building is also location for University, University library, Chamber of Commerce and the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Niš. Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Niš decided in 1972. decides to give an official proclamation on building of the old district offices, as cultural monuments.

The appearance of the building

Construction of the first phase (two tractors with ground floor and first floor), for the purposes of District offices in Niš, Police and Court in Niš. Originally, the building consisted of a ground floor and first floor, with tract length of 65 meters and 50 meters, compared to today's street Dobrička. building was represented at that time, undoubtedly the first and unique building built at Niš, with massive walls, and in a solid way solved mezzanine structure. The building of the old the district offices in Niš was visibly stood out from the oriental architecture of the former Niš's architecture, with its western-europien style. Carpentry at building was constructed at one of Vienna's workshop, as evidenced indicate by the lettering on the windows with the tag "VIEN".

At the entrance vestibule today stands preserved, although is hard to see, the a four coats of arms with symbols of the Kingdom of Serbia, carried at Seko technique. Tendencies at architecture, which were influenced by Renaissance, at the ground level was expressed on the facades of the rustic mortar, designed as an imitation of wide joints predominantly at horizontal rows. The ends of the facade Avant-corps from all sides remained largely emphasized and processed at imitation of the massive block. The building has pronounced details of the Avant-corps with prominent triangular tympanums.

The entire interior of the first floor has been designed in a dignified and representative way. On this way was solved the entire entrance hall, stairs, offices of the central government, and even a luxuriously designed apartments, build for governor and his staff. By the depth of the tract, going at direction of the yard, is located the central hall for official gatherings, modeled like an amphitheater. As for the exterior, compositional architecture repeated itself, with the same motifs, there is on the building, on existing tracts. The entrance porch of the building is emphasized, and can be reached by a staircase at shaped an amphitheater. The building consists of high ground floor, and two additional floors, with a basis in the form of elongated trapezoid, with a central courtyard. The building was academic composed, with the Renaissance approach to horizontal gradation of elements on wall canvas (from the rustic to the lower zones until the finely machined surfaces, rows of pillars, tympanum, portal, balcony, porch, on emphasized angular avant-corps). The interior, especially the large hall for meetings, owns a rich decoration with luxury items.

Reconstruction

After the First World War in 1925., The building has been extended for one more floor. During the upgrading of the building, care was taken not just about fitting a new part at the existing architecture, but also on consolidating at within the existing whole. The present appearance of the building dates back to the 1935th year, when Niš was the center of Morava Banovina. The works were carried out according to the project of the engineer Petar Gajić.

Works on the reconstruction and restoration of the exterior of the building facade, beginning in 1976, ten years after the institution of the University of Niš begins to work. Before that, the facade was restored in a mid-fifties, and it was done very poorly, so the new reconstruction was inevitable. Wreath on the roof which is along with a storied upgraded in 1925, and is located in the old part of the building, it is worn out and deformed. As part of the finishing works on a building, there is an emphasized the institution caption "The University in Niš" together with the symbol sculptured in bronze.

In 1977. works continued on the building facades, along the entire quay, including the old part of the building, all the way to Dobrička street corners. Surface at the old part of the building are finished with painted darker shades, compared with those of the previous phase of work. In that way are sufficiently prominent  the phase of the whole block as a whole, while at the same time are stressing the symmetry of the oldest part of the building.

In 1986. works are continued on the sector from the Dobrička and Šumatovačka street, which include both street tract, respectively the entire city blocks of 68 + 90 (158m). The works were here also performed by the same principle as well as the sections of the previous phase. It can be concluded that reconstruction of facade elements was carried out on the 70% surface of the building. The restoration was completed by processing of the facades. The restoration has included a replacement of old sheet metal, then covering of the roof area, worn out sheet metal in every even the most inaccessible parts of the building, around roof area.

University of Nis, is  as a legal entity invested in conducting of works on polishing the external appearance of the building, including with the restoration of facades, from the very beginning of work in 1976., until the very end in 1986. As supervision during construction works in all sectors was the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments of Niš.

Construction work that include yard decoration and interior decoration were completed in 1987. The works were performed in the area of the closed part of the yard, in total surface area of about 740 m2. also should be singled out a representative decoration internal hall of the university library and the Regional Chamber of Commerce.

See also

 Niš Fortress

References

Cultural Monuments of Great Importance (Serbia)


title: Rodrigo Escobar

text:
Rodrigo Escobar y Restrepo (1935–2009) was a Colombian botanist, and a leading specialist in orchids.

Publications

Books
  Escobar, Rodrigo . 1991. Native Orchids of Colombia. Ed Hill, Medellin. 6 vols.
 -----------  Jorge Mario Munera . 1994. Native Colombian Orchids: Maxillaria-Ponthieva. Volume 3 Native Colombian Orchids. 616 pp. Ed Hill.
 Carlyle A. Luer , Rodrigo Escobar, Fritz Hamer, stig Dalström . 1994.  Dracularum Thesaurus: eine Monographie der Gattung Dracula, Volume 3. 78 pp. Ed Missouri Botanical Garden.
  Carlyle A. Luer, Rodrigo Escobar . 1996.  Systematics of Restrepia (Orchidaceae). Volume 13 Icones Pleurothallidinarum. 168 pp. Ed Missouri Botanical Garden.
  Calaway H. Dodson, Rodrigo Escobar . 2004. Native Ecuadorian Orchids'', Volume 1. Native Ecuadorian Orchids. Ed Hill.

References

External links

20th-century Colombian botanists
Colombian academics
Botanists with author abbreviations
1935 births
2009 deaths


title: Beloglottis costaricensis

text:
Beloglottis costaricensis is a terrestrial species of orchid. It has a wide distribution, reported from Mexico (from San Luis Potosí south to Chiapas), Central America (all 7 countries), the West Indies (Trinidad, Dominican Republic and Cayman Islands), South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), and Dade County Florida.

References

External links
Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Beloglottis costaricensis

Orchids of Florida
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora of the Dominican Republic
Orchids of South America
Spiranthinae
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Fahoum Fahoum

text:
Fahoum Fahoum (, ) is an Arab-Israeli peace activist from Haifa, Israel. Fahoum was a torchbearer on Israel's 60th Anniversary on Mount Herzl Plaza, representing coexistence and academic and athletic excellence. He is a recipient of two congressional awards, one of which from Congresswoman Shelley Berkley in 2001. Fahoum represented the Israeli national junior tennis team in European and world championships, and followed by competing in collegiate tennis.

Education
He graduated high school in 2009 from the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, majoring in economics and psychology, and received his Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations from Quinnipiac University in Hamden, CT in May 2014. Fahoum received his Masters in Negotiation and Conflict Resolution from Columbia University in 2016.

Athletic career
Growing up in Haifa, Fahoum played tennis at the Israel Tennis Center. When he was 12, Fahoum was training at the Wingate Institute south of Netanya. Fahoum competed on a national and international level, including some of the highest stages of junior tennis; he represented the Israeli team at the Petits As and the Orange Bowl tournaments. He played tennis at the Old Dominion University between 2009 and 2012. In 2012 he transferred to Quinnipiac University.

References

Arab citizens of Israel
Old Dominion Monarchs men's tennis players
Israeli male tennis players


title: Costin Murgescu

text:
Costin Ion Murgescu (; October 27, 1919 – August 30, 1989) was a Romanian economist, jurist, journalist and diplomat. A supporter of fascism during his youth, he switched to communism by the end of World War II, and became an editor of the Communist Party daily organ, România Liberă. He taught at the University of Bucharest and worked for the Economic Research Institute. Having campaigned for multilateralism in world affairs as early as 1944, he helped to distance Romania from the Soviet Union after 1964, and later represented his country at the United Nations. He wrote extensively, publishing works on the effects of land reform and industrialization, on the history of economic thought, and on Romania's relations with the Comecon and the First World.

An innovator among the Romanian communist intellectual and professional elite, Murgescu spent his final decades questioning the assumptions of Marxian economics. At the Institute for World Economy, which later became a branch of the Romanian Academy, he trained a new generation of like-minded economists. Shortly before his death, he was involved in dissidence against the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. Although he did not live long enough to witness the 1989 Revolution, he played an indirect part in shaping the economic policies to which the country turned in post-communism.

The estranged son of Lieutenant Colonel Murgescu, a convicted war criminal, Costin Murgescu was married to Ecaterina Oproiu, a Romanian writer and social commentator. He was survived by his nephew and disciple, historian Bogdan Murgescu.

Biography

Early life and fascist militancy
Born in Râmnicu Sărat, the future economist was the son of a Romanian Land Forces officer, Ion C. Murgescu. Young Murgescu was originally interested in jurisprudence, and entered the law faculty of the University of Bucharest. His beginnings were as a literary critic, with an essay on the literary and artistic life of Balcic. It was picked up by the magazine Familia, and deemed "interesting, but insufficient" by chroniclers at Revista Fundațiilor Regale. Aged nineteen, Murgescu wrote a historical work, about the trial of the Transylvanian Memorandum signatories. Around that time, he was also a staff writer for the Oradea literary newspaper, Noua Gazetă de Vest, where he conducted a questionnaire survey on the state of cultural life in the provinces of Greater Romania.

During the first years of World War II, Murgescu was a supporter of the fascist Iron Guard and, in his own definition, a theoretician of "totalitarian" politics. He began a collaboration with the newspaper Universul, where, as later recounted by his colleague Ștefan Baciu, he was one of the three staff writers who showed up for work wearing the Guard's green-colored shirts. Starting in August 1940, a full month before the Guard proclaimed its National Legionary regime, Murgescu published a series of political musings in Universul. These were soon after collected as a brochure, Note pentru Statul Totalitar ("Notes on the Totalitarian State"). The newspaper's literary chronicler, Constantin Fântâneru, presented Murgescu as "that model of an author who will win people over to a doctrine simply by outlining clearly its ideas." The brochure quoted at length from the speeches of Benito Mussolini and Iron Guard leader Horia Sima. Envisaging the birth of a "new man", "strong, lively, and immaculate", it called for a non-violent "moral revolution" to bring Romania into the "New European Order". It sought to rebuild culture around the Guard's "Legionary spirit", and promised artistic freedom "only to ethnic Romanians."

In his Universul chronicles, Murgescu offered his praise to the Conducător, Ion Antonescu, as well as to the Guard's founding father, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. Moreover, he penned warnings against the Guard's enemies: "those who have martyred this People—no mercy for them. They should expect a terrible punishment." He still had contributions as a literary critic, such as a short introduction to Japanese poetry.

Murgescu remained active in the press after the Guard fell from power in the violent purge of early 1941. With Antonescu as the uncontested dictator, Romania became involved in the anti-Soviet war as an ally of Nazi Germany. Murgescu was drafted into the Romanian Land Forces, but continued to write (including an unpublished novel and war diary) and was allowed to pass his examinations at the university. With his journalistic work, he moved to the more mainstream review, Vremea, where he contributed analytical essays about the war effort. In one such piece, on October 25, 1942, just before the crushing of Romanian forces, he predicted that the Red Army was too exhausted and famished to mount an offensive. By 1943, his articles in Vremea and Revista Fundațiilor Regale were turning toward economics and economic history, citing Victor Slăvescu as a model and inspiration.

Murgescu's father, Ion, had "strong pro-Nazi sympathies" and was a willing participant in Antonescu's war crimes. By September 1942, the elder Murgescu was the commandant of Vapniarka, a concentration camp for Jewish deportees, ordering them to be fed on grass pea, which caused an outbreak of lathyrism and resulted in several deaths and many more crippling infirmities.

Communist turn and România Liberă
As noted by historian Lucian Boia, Costin Murgescu had renounced his "juvenile totalitarian illusions" by January 1944, with Romania facing the possibility of a Soviet invasion. Contacting the anti-fascist circles, and finding himself in open conflict with his own father, Murgescu became a contributor to Ecoul, the semi-legal newspaper. It published his essays against Antonescu's economic policies and the New Order, which argued, with a noted "dialectical" tinge, in favor of multilateralism and an "international division of labor". His Vremea articles, arranged for print by the antifascist editor George Ivașcu, looked forward to a new era of peace, shaped by international cooperation. According to Boia, he may have been encouraged to explore the subject by the Propaganda Ministry, which was sending out signals that some dignitaries were willing to sue for peace.

During or immediately after the August 23 Coup which toppled Antonescu, Murgescu involved himself with left-wing political circles, including the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). Following the country's change of orientation, Lt-Col. Murgescu was arrested. He was initially sentenced to death, and some authors believe that he was executed. However, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment with hard labor on June 1, 1945. Passing through the notorious Aiud prison, he may have still been alive during the mid 1950s. As a display of his loyalty to the new regime, Costin volunteered for war against the Nazis, fought in Northern Transylvania, and was badly wounded.

From 1944 to 1952, that is to say during the early stages of the Romanian communist regime, Murgescu was editor of the PCR's România Liberă newspaper. In this capacity, he helped organize its bureau of national and international correspondents, as well as its agitprop section. He contributed various articles on national affairs and international relations, praising the 1945 visit to Moscow of the PCR Minister of Transport Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej as "a momentous start" in Soviet–Romanian relations. He was also a prominent contributor to the communist literary magazine, Contemporanul, where he praised the party for its "consolidation of democracy".

Around 1950, Murgescu married Ecaterina Oproiu, a fellow România Liberă journalist who went on to establish the official film magazine, Cinema. She later achieved fame in her own right, as Romania's first-ever television critic and a promoter of socialist feminism.

Economic Research Institute
Expelled from România Liberă following an inquiry into his social origins, Murgescu focused entirely on his work in economics. From 1953 to 1956, he was a scientific researcher in the political economy department of the University of Bucharest. He later joined the team of economists and statisticians at the Bucharest Economic Research Institute (ICE), which was headed by Gogu Rădulescu, a disgraced and sidelined PCR activist. Rădulescu appointed him head of the National Economy Section, and deputy ICE Director. Murgescu was assigned to work on an economic overview of the 1945 land reform, which he published in 1956 at Editura Academiei. Writing at the time, Marxist philosopher Ernő Gáll suggested that Murgescu's tract offered "rich and convincing material" about the pauperization of Romania's peasant class before and during World War II. As noted in 2009 by scholars Dorin Dobrincu and Constantin Iordachi, the study, written "during the Stalinist years", has "limited analytical value", but still stands out as the only land reform monograph in "domestic historical writing" under communism.

By the end of the 1950s, with a slight relaxation of communist censorship, Murgescu tried to promote a reevaluation of interwar Romanian sociology, and organized at the ICE work-groups that were basing themselves on Dimitrie Gusti's sociological research teams. These rural expeditions, recounted by Murgescu's articles in Contemporanul (August 1957), allowed for a discussion of collectivization, which they presented as a relevant success (particularly so in the model regions of Constanța and Hunedoara). Also in Contemporanul, Murgescu published an essay that sought to rehabilitate Gusti, but his effort was smothered by the Communist Party in 1959. Nevertheless, according to fellow economist Egon Balas, Murgescu was also able to use political censorship for his own gains, "manufacturing a conflict" with Miron Constantinescu, the ICE researcher and dissident communist, and obtaining his ousting. As a result of this intrigue, Murgescu became sole editor of the ICE academic journal, Revista Economică, in 1958.

Making occasional returns to the field of Marxist economic history, Murgescu wrote propaganda works, accusing the deposed Romanian royal family, and in particular Carol II, of having organized a "plunder" of Romanian assets. In 1960, the anticommunist Romanian diaspora stood accused by the communists of covering up for fascism. In reply, the Paris-based magazine La Nation Roumaine published ample revelations about the fascist past of Murgescu, Mihai Ralea, Mihu Dragomir, and various other figures of the new regime.

Also in 1960, Murgescu and N. N. Constantinescu were editors of a major economic history tract, Contribuții la istoria capitalului străin în Romînia ("Contributions to the History of Foreign Capital in Romania"). This work, also put out by Editura Academiei, was revisited some 20 years later by historian Vasile Bogza, who noted that, despite some flawed interpretations, it remained one of the "thorough studies" in the field. A University of Bucharest professor, Murgescu was received as a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1963, earning a doctorate in economics from the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies in 1964. He also served the Institute of South-East European Studies as an academic supervisor for its Revue des Études Sud-est Européenes.

National communism
By 1963, Murgescu was called upon by the regime to inform the world about Romania's economic ideology, which was increasingly different from Soviet policies. That year, he denounced the Comecon's "pseudo-theories" on industrialization, which seemed to offer Romania a subservient economic position within the common market. In 1964, the PCR leadership called upon Murgescu to publish an even more virulent official reply against the Soviets and the Comecon. By advancing a "Valev Plan", the Soviets had suggested that Romania become an agricultural hinterland for the more industrialized socialist countries. Murgescu's critiques of this proposal announced a new political stage, of national communism. His articles called for a reform of the Comecon, and, defying the Sino-Soviet split, suggested the accession of China.

With the inauguration of Nicolae Ceaușescu as Party Secretary, and later President of Romania, Murgescu had more opportunities to expand on his economic theories. Serving as ICE director from 1965 to 1968, Murgescu continued to edit Revista Economică to 1968, then Revista Română de Relații Internaționale (from 1968 to 1970). From June 1969, he had a Tuesday evening show on Radio Romania, as part of the series Tableta de Seară, which also featured, among others, actor Radu Beligan, mathematician Grigore Moisil, writer Marin Sorescu, and literary scholar Edgar Papu. He moved from ICE to the Institute for World Economy (IEM), where he worked from 1970 until his death, and was for a while its director. In 1976, he was elected Vice President of the International Marketing Federation.

The Romanian position regarding the Comecon was given expression in a 1969 tract România socialistă și cooperarea internațională ("Socialist Romania and International Cooperation"), which came out at Editura Politică with Murgescu, Mircea Malița and Gheorghe Surpat as the three authors. In 1974, he published, at Editura Meridiane, the French-language introduction L'economie socialiste en Roumanie ("Romania's Socialist Economy"). It explained the regime's policy of cooperating with the West in industrial development and scientific research, noting that socialist economies had to catch up with capitalism before the latter could experience a final crisis. According to Canadian economist Jeanne Kirk Laux, Murgescu was trying to reconcile Romania's relations with multinational corporations with Ceaușescu's "national sovereignty obsession". Indirectly, the book documents the regime's efforts to compensate for the high price of Western technology by proposing various methods of counter trade (methods which, Kirk Laux notes, Murgescu claimed as original Romanian contributions to the theory of international trade).

Murgescu was particularly interested in Romanian economic history in relation to the global economy, and a pioneer of interdisciplinarity. In 1967, he returned to sociology by contributing to a collective study on "the effects of industrialization on social mobility". With Damian Hurezeanu, Murgescu was a guest of the 15th International Congress of Historical Sciences (Bucharest, 1980), where they presented a new synthesis of land reform policies in interwar Romania. He followed up with several studies, including his signature work, Mersul ideilor economice la români ("The Development of Economic Ideas among the Romanians", 1987 (vol. I), 1990 (vol. II)).

Dissidence, death, and legacy
A Romanian Ambassador to the United Nations in the early 1980s, Murgescu also served for a while as ECOSOC President. He published his notes on the New International Economic Order in Partners in East-West Economic Relations, a collection of studies edited by Zoltán Fallenbüchl and C. H. McMillan for Pergamon Press. They outlined Romania's support for the New International Economic Order and her critique of the Soviet Union. As Murgescu argued, the Soviet economy was to be taxed the same as a capitalist developed country when contributing to the United Nations Development Programme.

Murgescu spent the last stage of his life as a dissident, in latent conflict with Ceaușescu. At the IEM, he helped organize debates about politics and economics, introduced Romanian students to the core notions of supply-side economics, and made hints about the need for profound change. Reportedly, Murgescu's 1982 work on the Japanese economic miracle was a Romanian best-seller. Allegedly, Murgescu had come to believe that the Valev Plan was a consistent form of economic integration, and that national communism was essentially flawed.

Foreign Minister Ștefan Andrei shielded Murgescu from Ceaușescu's anger, and allowed him to maintain a link with the West through contacts with Reuters. Another inner-PCR dissident and former diplomat, Silviu Brucan, indicated Murgescu as one of his main sources for critical reports which were sent to foreign ambassadors in Romania. Murgescu died a few months before the anti-communist Revolution.

Mersul ideilor, reissued by the National Bank of Romania presses in 1994, was complemented by the posthumous Drumurile unității românești ("The Paths of Romanian Unity", 1996). As a learning institution, the IEM was the alma mater of economists who rose to political prominence after 1989, among them Eugen Dijmărescu, Mugur Isărescu, Napoleon Pop, and Victor Babiuc. In 1990, it was renamed the "Costin Murgescu Institute of World Economy", becoming part of the Romanian Academy network. According to Isărescu: "At the Institute for World Economy, professor Costin Murgescu was able to fulfill his calling on many levels. Constantly preoccupied with establishing a Romanian school of economic research, he turned [the IEM] into a veritable creative workshop." As noted in 2010 by sociologist Zoltán Rostás, Murgescu's "sinuous youth" was "hardly mentioned", "but [he] was nearly sanctified by the elite of economists who are now in their sixties."

Murgescu was survived by his wife, Ecaterina Oproiu, who went on to serve as a Presidential appointee on a visual media regulatory agency, the National Audiovisual Council, between 1992 and 2000. Murgescu's nephew, Bogdan Murgescu, also trained in economic history, and achieved notoriety for his analysis of economic backwardness. He credits Costin Murgescu as an early influence on his own work.

Notes

References
Egon Balas, Will to Freedom: A Perilous Journey through Fascism and Communism, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, 2000,
Lucian Boia, Capcanele istoriei. Elita intelectuală românească între 1930 și 1950. Humanitas, Bucharest, 2012,
Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Soviet Bloc, Unity and Conflict, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1967,
Mugur Isărescu, Reflecții economice. Piețe, bani, bănci, Centrul Român de Economie Comparată și Consens, Bucharest, 2006,
Jeanne Kirk Laux, "La Roumanie et les multinationales", in Revue d'Études Comparatives Est-Ouest, Vol. 12, Issue 4, 1981, pp. 61–89
Geza Kornis, "Fragmente din Memorii (Din viaṭa mea și vremurile mele)", in Smaranda Vultur, Adrian Onică (eds.), Memoria salvată II, West University of Timișoara, 2009, , pp. 213–238

1919 births
1989 deaths
20th-century Romanian economists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Romanian novelists
20th-century Romanian historians
Romanian jurists
Romanian sociologists
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian magazine editors
Academic journal editors
Romanian essayists
Romanian diarists
Male essayists
Romanian male novelists
Romanian literary critics
Romanian writers in French
People from Râmnicu Sărat
University of Bucharest alumni
Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies alumni
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy
Members of the Iron Guard
20th-century Romanian politicians
Romanian communists
Marxist journalists
Romanian propagandists
Romanian radio presenters
Romanian Marxist historians
Romanian Land Forces personnel
Romanian military personnel of World War II
Permanent Representatives of Romania to the United Nations
Romanian dissidents
20th-century diarists