title: Fourth Army Corps (Spanish–American War)

text:
The Fourth Army Corps was a unit of the United States Army raised for the Spanish–American War. After the declaration of war, General Order 36 of May 7, 1898 approved the organization of eight "army corps," each of which was to consist of three or more divisions of three brigades each.

Each brigade was to have approximately 3,600 officers and enlisted men organized into three regiments and, with three such brigades, each division was to total about 11,000 officers and men. Thus the division was to be about the same size as the division of 1861, but army corps were to be larger. The division staff initially was to have an adjutant general, quartermaster, commissary, surgeon, inspector general and engineer, with an ordnance officer added later. The brigade staff was identical except that no inspector general or ordnance officer was authorized.

General Order 46 of May 16, 1898 assigned commanding officers and training camps to the new corps. Major General John J. Coppinger was named as commander of Fourth Army Corps, which was to assemble at Mobile, Alabama. Instead of seeing combat, the corps spent the summer traveling the railways of Alabama and Florida; on June 2, it began moving to Tampa, Florida and on July 3, the Third Division of the corps (division numbers of this era were not unique) was transferred to Fernandina, Florida. In the meantime, the First Division, under the command of Brigadier General Theodore Schwan, was transferred to Miami on June 20. On June 27, the Fourth and Seventh Army Corps exchanged their First Divisions, the Seventh's having remained in Tampa when the corps headquarters moved to Jacksonville, Florida.

On August 11, with the end of the war in sight, the corps was transferred again, to Huntsville, Alabama.

Upon the retirement of General Coppinger, Major General Joseph Wheeler (USV) took command on October 13, and stayed at the head of the corps until December 3. A revolving door of commanders led the Fourth through the remainder of its service, as follows:

 Brigadier General Abraham K. Arnold (USV), December 14–20, 1898
 Major General Henry W. Lawton (USV), December 20–29, 1898
 Brigadier General Royal T. Frank, December 29, 1898 – January 16, 1899

At the same time Frank took command of the corps, its headquarters was transferred to Anniston, Alabama. The Fourth Army Corps was "discontinued" on January 16, 1899; its strength on the last day of 1898 was 545 officers and 13,337 enlisted men.

References

Military units and formations of the United States in the Spanish–American War
Military units and formations established in 1898


title: CrowdsUnite

text:
CrowdsUnite is a website intended to serve as a review site for online funding platforms.  It provides user reviews of crowdfunding sites which can be helpful for business owners who find it difficult to select from the many options. The site was created to adapt to the growing popularity of crowdfunding, which has captured the attention of cable TV producers and prominent figures. CEO Alex Feldman stated that he is "trying to become a Yelp for the crowdfunding industry, a resource that anybody can use."

History
CrowdsUnite was launched in 2012 after the U.S. JOBS Act was passed. The founder, Alex Feldman, is a graduate of New York University (NYU) with an MBA in Finance, Entrepreneurship and a BS in computer science and mathematics.

Crowdfunding
CrowdsUnite has reviewed a comprehensive list of platforms, including Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and RocketHub. It has been called an "Amazon for crowdfunding platforms".
CrowdsUnite recently released an infographic, showing the top ten crowdfunding platforms based on its reviews. Some of the reviewed crowd funding sites had only 10 reviews while others had more, which may have affected the data.

Business model
Feldman claims that CrowdsUnite exists to offer transparency to the platforms.
He also stated that the website itself is designed to be simple, direct, and clean so that anyone can use it.

There is a listing of crowdfunding consultants and companies including accountants, attorneys, videographers, marketers, and fulfillment centers.

Reception
Created in the wake of the financial crisis, CrowdsUnite has enjoyed a positive response and interest from industry leaders and support from New York's Soho Loft, an organization that host events pertaining to business and finance.

References

External links

Companies based in New York City
Crowdfunding
American review websites


title: Ingrid Mwangi

text:
Ingrid Mwangi (born 1975) is a German artist, of Kenyan-German descent. She works with photography, sculpture and in multimedia, performance, and installation art. In 2005, she co-founded Mwangi Hutter.

Early life and education
Ingrid Njeri Mwangi was born in 1975 in Nairobi, Kenya to a German mother and a Kenyan father. She moved to Germany at the age of 15. She attended Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Saar in Saarbrücken, Germany, from 1996–2002.

Career
Mwangi works and lives in Berlin, Germany with her husband and collaborator Robert Hutter. They have four children.

Mwangi's work is concerned with social conventions and identity. She participated in the 2007 Brooklyn Museum exhibition Global Feminisms. Her 2001 series of photographs, Static Drift, was included. The work makes use of images evoking national and racial identities projected onto her body. Mwangi's 2000 work Neger Don't Call Me features photographs of her face covered with masks made from her dreadlocks.

Mwangi Hutter
In 2005, she and her husband Robert Hutter merged their biographies and names to form one artist, Mwangi Hutter. As a creative strategy to resist fixed notions of identity based upon gender, race, and cultural backgrounds, Mwangi Hutter strategically merged names and biographies to become one artist. They consciously use themselves as the sounding board to reflect on changing societal realities, creating an aesthetics of self-knowledge and interrelationship. Mwangi Hutter reflect on the subjects of border-crossing and finding identity, which both can be understood in a political, as well as a very personal, intimate sense. Their works can be seen as a vision of unification and the pacification of contrasts: female-male, African-European, black-white and the borders separating you and me.

Exhibitions

Solo exhibitions

2002: Ingrid Mwangi - Stadtgalerie Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany
2006: Man of War - Video, Installation, Fotografie - Kunstverein Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
2007: IngridMwangiRobertHutter: Select Videos, 2006-2007 - BRIC Rotunda Gallery, New York City, New York, United States
2007: MASK - James Cohan Gallery, New York City, New York, United States
2007: GOTH - Reality of the Departed World - Yokohama Museum of Art, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
2008: IngridMwangiRobertHutter - Along the Horizon - Galleria Il Trifoglio Nero, Genoa, Italy
2009: IngridMwangiRobertHutter: Masked - Emerson Gallery at Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, United States
2009: In the Eye of the Beholder - Darb 1718 Contemporary Art and Culture Center, Cairo, Egypt
2009: Intruders - Goethe-Institut Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
2009: Sleepers on the way - Goethe-Institut Tansania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2011: Constant Triumph - Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
2013: Mwangi Hutter - Single Entities / @ Salon - ALEXANDER OCHS GALLERIES BERLIN | BEIJING, Berlin, China

References

External links
Official website

Book chapter about Mwangi Hutter: by BM Van Hoesen in

"German Colonialism in Africa and its Legacies", 2023

1975 births
Living people
German contemporary artists
German people of Kenyan descent
Kenyan artists
Kenyan people of German descent
Kenyan women artists
Artists from Nairobi
Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Saar alumni


title: Lake Chillisquaque

text:
Lake Chillisquaque (also known as Montour Lake) is a lake and reservoir in Montour County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It has a surface area of 165 acres. The lake is situated on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek, which it is named after. Nearby communities include Danville and Washingtonville. The lake has an elevation of  above sea level and is up to  deep. It has several coves, including Goose Cove, Heron Cove, and Jellyfish Cove. The lake is dammed on its southern side by the Lake Chillisquaque Dam, which is  long and  high. The metals with the highest concentrations are calcium and iron. Nonmetals such as nitrogen and phosphorus are also found in the lake. It experiences agricultural runoff as well.

Lake Chillisquaque is owned by Pennsylvania energy company Talen. It was constructed in 1972 and was originally created to serve as a supply of cooling water for the Montour Power Plant (a purpose which it still serves), but has also come to be used for recreational purposes. Approximately 200 bird species have been observed on or near the lake and more than 50 species of waterfowl pass by the lake during migration. It is also inhabited by numerous species of fish, some of which are stocked by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Various trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants live in the vicinity of the lake as well. The main recreational activities on or near Lake Chillisquaque include fishing, boating, and hiking. The lake is also surrounded by the Montour Preserve, a nature preserve.

Geography
Lake Chillisquaque is located on Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek, in Anthony Township. However, other streams feed into the lake as well. It is  north of Danville and  north of Washingtonville. The lake can be accessed via Pennsylvania Route 44 and Pennsylvania Route 54. The nearest road is Preserve Road/State Route 1006. The lake has an elevation of . With a surface area of 165 acres, the lake is the largest of 82 bodies of water in Montour County. Lake Chillisquaque is the only reservoir in Montour County. Lake Chillisquaque is surrounded by forested hills and agricultural land. The Muncy Hills are situated to the north of the lake.

Large parts of Lake Chillisquaque are fairly shallow. Most of Heron Cove is less than  deep and a large area near the lake's boat ramp is approximately  deep. The deepest parts of the lake, near the lake's dam, are  deep. Lake Chillisquaque has a number of coves, including Heron Cove and the nearby Jellyfish Cove. Goose Cove is another cove on the lake. It is located in the lake's northwestern section. There are numerous other smaller coves and bays. Numerous objects, including tire reefs and cement blocks, have been placed in Lake Chillisquaque to increase its suitability as a fish habitat. There are also basking platforms for turtles on the lake.

Dam

Lake Chillisquaque is dammed by an earth-fill dam known as the Lake Chillisquaque Dam. Located on the southern side of the lake, the dam is  long and  high. The dam is  wide at its highest point and the top of the dam forms an access road. The inner part of the dam is a silty clay material, while the outside is made of weathered shale.

According to the Montour County Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, a major failure in the Lake Chillisquaque Dam could cause damage to several nearby communities, such as Strawberry Ridge and Washingtonville. It could also result in a decrease in the output of the Montour Power Plant, causing a brownout in the area. A severe failure of the dam is considered by the Multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan to be the most dangerous threat to Montour County.

Hydrology
The water temperature of Lake Chillisquaque ranges from  to  in the summer. The specific conductance of the lake ranges from 135 to 202 micro-siemens per centimeter. The lake's pH is between 6.6 and 9.3. It is a dimictic lake. The concentration of suspended solids in Lake Chillisquaque ranges from less than 2 to 58 milligrams per liter. The concentration of water hardness is between 54 and 78 milligrams per liter. It experiences agricultural runoff due to the presence of large tracts of agricultural land near the lake.

The concentration of hydrogen ions in the waters of Lake Chillisquaque ranges from 0.00011 to 0.00031 milligrams per liter. The concentration of dissolved oxygen ranges from 0.1 to 10.8 milligrams per liter and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the lake is between 0.1 and 41 milligrams per liter. There are between 3.0 and 5.8 milligrams per liter of organic carbon in the lake. The total concentration of nitrogen in the lake's waters ranges from 0.34 to 3.1 milligrams per liter, while the concentration of ammonia ranges from less than 0.026 to 3.21 milligrams per liter. The phosphorus concentration ranges from 0.015 to 0.172 milligrams per liter. The waters of Lake Chillisquaque also contain varying amounts of metals. These include calcium, whose concentration ranges from 15.6 to 20.9 milligrams per liter and magnesium, whose concentration ranges from 3.7 to 6.2 milligrams per liter. Additionally, the concentration of copper is less than four milligrams per liter and the lead concentration is less than one microgram per liter. The lake's iron concentration ranges from 30 to 13,000 micrograms per liter, its manganese concentration ranges from less than 2 to 4620 micrograms per liter, its zinc concentration ranges from less than 10 to 57 micrograms per liter. The lake's concentration of aluminum ranges from 200 to 1400 micrograms per liter.

The light intensity on the surface of Lake Chillisquaque is 1200 micro-moles per square meter.  below the surface of the lake, the light intensity is only 100 micro-moles per square meter. At this depth, only light wavelengths between 450 and 700 nanometers are visible, with 550-millimeter wavelengths (green light) being the most common. The Sechhi depth of the lake ranges from  to .

History and etymology
Lake Chillisquaque is named after Middle Branch Chillisquaque Creek, which in turn is derived from a chillisuagi, a Native American word for "song of the wild goose". It was built in 1972 by the PPL, with the dam having been constructed in 1971. The lake is also owned by this organization. The lake's original purpose was as a secondary supply of cooling water for the Montour Power Plant. Still used as a supply of cooling water in emergencies, it is also used for recreation. As is typical of manmade lakes, however, this use of the lake only started several years after its creation.

One person drowned in a boating accident on February 16, 2006, and there was another accidental death in April 2011.

Biology

Animals
A total of approximately 200 bird species have been observed on or near Lake Chillisquaque, which has been described as "a mecca for migrating birds". Numerous species, including more than 50 species of waterfowl pass by the lake during migration in March. These include ducks, geese, swans, and other species. Shorebirds are also common on the lake. The Montour Preserve and the lake are in the Central Susquehanna Wild Pheasant Recovery Area. A sizable population of ringneck pheasants can be found near the lake.

Additionally, numerous species of fish are stocked in Lake Chillisquaque by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. These include bullhead catfish, largemouth bass, yellow perch, northern pike, and several other species. A 2005 trapnet survey by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission showed that the most common fish species in Lake Chillisquaque was the black crappie, of which 717 individuals were observed. These ranged between  and  long. 290 golden shiners were also observed in the survey, as were 168 bluegills, which ranged between  and . 106 walleyes from  were also observed. Less common fish species in the lake include yellow perch, of which 83 specimens between  and  long were observed; pumpkinseeds, 21 of which were observed; northern pikes, 19 of which between  and  long were observed; and white suckers, 16 of which were observed. Additionally, eight quillback carpsuckers, five largemouth bass, four rock bass, three bluntnose minnows, three common carp, two fathead minnows, and a single green sunfish. An electrofishing survey done by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission on Lake Chillisquaque discovered 54 walleyes from  long and 48 largemouth bass from .

Plants
Twelve tree species have been observed near Lake Chillisquaque. These include two oak species, two maple spaces, red elm, boxelder, shagbark hickory, black tupelo, American basswood, eastern hop-hornbeam, black ash, and musclewood. Ten shrub species also grow near the lake. These include three dogwood species, two holly species, multiflora rose, Morrow's honeysuckle, speckled alder, spicebush, and mayberry. Eighteen species of herbs live on the lake, as well. Five of these species are sedges. Cattails and beds of grass grow along the shores of Lake Chillisquaque. Additionally, a sizable population of Rotala ramosior grows on the lake.

Microbes
Various types of cyanobacteria inhabit Lake Chillisquaque. The specific genera that inhabit the lake vary at different times of the year and also at different depths within the lake. Due to the presence of light attenuation in the lake, light plays a role in determining which species of cyanobacteria inhabit it.

In September 2009, the most common type of microbe on the surface of Lake Chillisquaque was Oscillatoria, which made up approximately 75 percent of the total. Raphidiopsis was the second most common type, making up approximately 15 percent of the total. In May 2010, approximately 40 percent of the microbes were Navicula and 35 percent were Oscillatoria. Slightly less than 10 percent of the microbes are Anabaena. In July 2010, Oscillatoria and Synechococcus each made up approximately 25 percent of the microbes and between 10 and 15 percent were Anabaena.

Slightly less than 60 percent of the microbes  under the surface of Lake Chillisquaque were of the genus Oscillatoria in September 2009. Slightly more than 10 percent each of the microbes were of the genera Xylophilus and Verrucomicrobium. In May 2010, slightly less than 40 percent of the microbes in the depths of the lake were of the genus Dolichospermum. The genera Synechococcus, Navicula, and Xylophilus each made up approximately 20 percent of the microbes. In July 2010, nearly 85 percent of the microbes were of the genus Xylophilus and less than 10 percent were of the genus Oscillatoria.

Recreation
Fishing, including ice fishing, is a common pastime on Lake Chillisquaque. Fishing and boating are permitted on the lake at any time of day, although boats fueled by gasoline are forbidden. Boating of any kind is also forbidden annually between March 15 and April 30 and is also forbidden in Goose Cove year round. The only area for boating access on the lake is on the eastern side of the lake, at the Heron Cove Boat Access Area. The paddling and running stages of the Chilli Challenge triathlon are on Lake Chillisquaque and the Chillisuagi Trail, respectively.

Lake Chillisquaque is surrounded by a thousand-acre nature preserve known as the Montour Preserve, which is also owned by the PPL. A 148-acre wildlife refuge is also located near the lake. A pair of hiking trails known as the Chillisuagi Trail and the Ridgefield Point Trail circumnavigate the lake. Their combined length is . The latter trail is not blazed. The Chillisuagi Trail is wide and fairly flat for part of its length, but is hillier near Goose Cove. On the eastern side of the lake, the trail stays close to the shoreline, but it passes through fields, meadows, and forests on the western side. The scenery on Lake Chillisquauque is described as "good to very good" by Jeff Mitchell in his book Paddling Pennsylvania: Canoeing and Kayaking the Keystone State's Rivers and Lakes. The lake is one of 18 lakes in Pennsylvania with Panfish Enhancement Special Regulations.

See also

Chillisquaque Creek
List of lakes of Pennsylvania

References

External links

Bodies of water of Montour County, Pennsylvania
Reservoirs in Pennsylvania


title: Robert O'Dwyer

text:
Robert O'Dwyer (in Irish: Riobárd Ó Duibhir) (27 January 1862 – 6 January 1949) was an Irish composer mainly known for having written one of the first operas in the Irish language.

Biography
Robert O'Dwyer was born to Irish parents in Bristol, England, where he received private musical education and acted as a chorister and assistant organist during the years 1872 to 1891. O'Dwyer's interest in opera manifested itself initially by becoming the conductor of a local amateur opera company in 1889, before he became a conductor of the Carl Rosa Opera Society (1891–97) and the Arthur Rousby Opera Company (1892–96), with which he undertook tours throughout the British Isles. After one such tour he settled in Dublin in 1897, where he held various positions as organist in the counties of Dublin and Wicklow. From 1899 he taught music at the Royal University of Ireland and from 1901 conducted the choir of the Gaelic League, for which he wrote numerous arrangements of Irish traditional music and Sean nos songs. He also wrote articles and concert reviews for The Leader, which became an outlet for his increasingly nationalist views. O'Dwyer completed his major composition, the three-act opera Eithne, in 1909, on the strengths of which he was appointed Professor of Irish Music at University College Dublin (1914–1939). Although he wrote (and published) a number of other works, including a second opera, none of his later works came near the success and significance of Eithne. O'Dwyer died in Dublin.

Music
O'Dwyer is chiefly notable for having written the opera Eithne (1909), one of the first full-scale operas written entirely in the Irish language. Although Muirgheis (1903) by Thomas O'Brien Butler (1861–1915) was earlier, that work had initially been performed in an English translation, whereas Eithne was performed in Irish. After a small-scale performance in 1909, the first full performance took place at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, on 16 May 1910. A concert performance of the work took place at the National Concert Hall, Dublin, in October 2017 featuring the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra and singers Orla Boylan, Gavan Ring, Robin Tritschler and Eamonn Mulhall. The background to both Muirgheis and Eithne – and other works including Connla of the Golden Hair (1903) by William Harvey Pélissier, The Tinker and the Fairy (1909) by Michele Esposito, and to some extent Diarmuid and Gráinne (1901) by Edward Elgar – is the increasing recourse to Irish mythology and the Celtic revival within Irish culture as a means for national identification in the (cultural) struggle for independence. Eithne is one of the best pieces of its kind and would certainly deserve a modern revival.

The composer's background in liturgical music led to a number of works in this area, too, including Benediction Music (c.1924) and some works in the Irish-language collection of religious songs, Dánta Dé (1928), of which O'Dwyer was one of the editors. His second opera was a one-act piece called Cleopatra (1929) and was not as successful. He also wrote a number of choral works, mostly arrangements of folksongs.

Selected works
Operas
Eithne (Thomas O'Kelly), romantic Irish opera, 3 acts (1909; Dublin: Gaiety Theatre, 16 May 1910) (Dublin: Cramer, Wood & Co., 1910)
Cleopatra (librettist unknown), opera, 1 act (1929)

Instrumental
Overture in D major (1900) for orchestra
Three Old Irish Melodies for violin & piano (Dublin: Cramer, Wood & Co., 1917)
Rêverie à l'orgue (n.d.) for organ

Choral
Duan na Saoirse (trad.) (1902) for satb
Péarla an Bhrollaigh Bháin (trad.) (1902) for satb
Seaghán Ó Duibhir an Ghleanna (trad.) (1902) for satb
Siubhail a Gradh (trad.) (1904) for 3 equal female voices
Slán le Máigh (trad.) (1904) for satb
Irish Lullaby (T. MacDonnell) (1913) for ssa & piano (London: Vincent Music Co.)
Benediction Music in A flat (bibl.) (c.1924) for satb and organ (further ones in E flat and C)
Deus tu conversus (bibl.) (c.1924) for satb and organ
three religious pieces for satb (nos. 49, 83, 84), in: Dánta Dé, ed. Úna Ní Ógáin & Riobard Ó Duibhir (Dublin: Oifig an tSoláthair, 1928)

Songs
An Arab Love Song (F. Wood) (Dublin: Cramer, Wood & Co., 1905; also London: Bach & Co., 1913)
Thoughts (D. O'Carroll) (London: Bach & Co., 1912)
Sé ubhla as Ubhla de'n chraoibh (Robert O'Dwyer) (1926)

Bibliography
Annie W. Patterson: "Feis Prize Winners for 1900: Mr Robert Dwyer", in: Weekly Irish Times, 16 June 1900.
Joseph J. Ryan: Nationalism and Music in Ireland (PhD thesis, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, 1991; unpublished).
Axel Klein: Die Musik Irlands im 20. Jahrhundert (Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1996).
Axel Klein: "Stage-Irish, or The National in Irish Opera 1780–1925", in: Opera Quarterly 21 (2005) 1, p. 27−67.
Axel Klein: "O'Dwyer, Robert", in: The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland, ed. Harry White & Barra Boydell (Dublin: UCD Press, 2013), p. 760.

References

External links

1862 births
1949 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Irish musicians
20th-century Irish male musicians
Academics of University College Dublin
Classical composers of church music
Choral composers
Irish classical composers
Irish conductors (music)
Irish male classical composers
Irish music arrangers
Irish opera composers
Male opera composers
Musicians from Bristol
Musicians from Dublin (city)


title: Tom Clancy (Gaelic footballer)

text:
Thomas Clancy (born 13 February 1992) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays as a centre-back for the Cork senior team.

Born in Clonakilty, County Cork, Clancy first played competitive Gaelic football during his schooling at Clonakilty Community College. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of eighteen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2013 championship. Since then Clancy has become a regular member of the starting fifteen.

At club level Clancy has won several championship medals with Clonakilty.

Simple assault guilty plea
On July 4, 2023, Clancy was ordered to pay a woman €1,000 after he admitted taking her hand without consent after following her into a laundry room while he was celebrating his cousin's wedding. Clancy pleaded guilty to the simple assault at a previous court hearing and Clonakilty District Court heard he had no memory of the incident, which occurred on June 3, 2022.

The woman, a minor at the time of the incident, had not initially wanted to make a complaint. The court heard the woman had, in the presence of her mother, declined the invitation to make a victim impact statement and had also declined the opportunity to attend court. While Clancy said he had no recollection of the event due to a high level of intoxication on his part, he did not dispute the woman's version of events. He had already written her a letter of apology by the time the judge ordered him to make payment. The judge said to convict would be “entirely disproportionate” and instead granted Clancy the benefit of the Probation Act, on a bond for three years and without Probation Service supervision.

Honours

Team

Clonakilty Community College
All-Ireland Vocational Schools Senior A Football Championship (1): 2010
Munster Vocational Schools Senior Football Championship (1): 2010

Clonakilty
Cork Senior Football Championship (1): 2009 (sub)
West Cork Junior A Hurling Championship (1): 2012 2015

Cork
Munster Under-21 Football Championship (3): 2011, 2012, 2013
Munster Minor Football Championship (1): 2010

References

1992 births
Living people
Clonakilty Gaelic footballers
Clonakilty hurlers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers


title: Karlous Miller

text:
Karlous Bernard Miller (born April 2, 1983) is an American comedian, actor and rapper. He began his comedy career in Atlanta, Georgia and is widely known for his successful podcast/comedy tour The 85 South Show, along with being a cast member on MTV's comedy improv series, Wild 'n Out and his notorious "Wildstyle" battles with fellow cast member, DC Young Fly and Chico Bean.

Early life

Miller was born in Oxford, Mississippi. He was born into a large blended family, having five siblings. He was a firefighter before moving to Atlanta, to pursue a career as a stand-up comedian in 2005. Karlous mainly started with Quincy Bond's Phat Comedy group in 2008. This started his career in 2010.

Career

His first television appearance was on Robert Townsends: Partners in Crime - The New Generation. He has since appeared in multiple TV shows such as Hell Date, Yo Momma, Bill Bellamy's Who's Got Jokes, The Mo'nique Show, Off the Chain, Comic View, Last Comic Standing and Wild 'n Out.

Miller has also been featured in written publications for MTV, EarHustle411, Oxford Citizen along with V-103's Frank and Wanda morning television/radio show and Atlanta's Hot 107.9.

Other media

Miller is said to have a passion for music, most notably evident in his battle raps against Chico Bean on Wild 'n Out. This would open doors for him to work with numerous musicians such as Gucci Mane, Case, Dem Franchize Boyz, Granddaddy Souf, Big Oomp, Big K.R.I.T, Jermaine Dupri, T.I. and many more.

In 2015, Miller, D.C Young Fly and later, Chico, started their own podcast, called The 85 South Show, where they speak on various topics,  interact with the audience, and freestyle on songs.

In October 2018, Miller confirmed on the Breakfast Club that he won't appear in the upcoming season of Wild'n Out, and that he had been fired. However, he was eventually brought back to the show per fans' requests.

Influences

Miller stated his comedic influences consists of Redd Foxx, Bernie Mac, Mo'Nique, Richard Pryor, Eddie Murphy, Cedric the Entertainer and Steve Harvey. Miller also attributes his comedic influence to his family and acknowledges them in his boisterous and edgy humor.

Personal life

Miller was in a relationship with fellow comedian Ashima Franklin.  They welcomed their son in December 2008. Miller co-parents his son with Franklin, despite their relationship ending.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

Living people
1983 births
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
African-American male comedians
American rappers
American male rappers
African-American male actors
American male comedians
African-American stand-up comedians
American stand-up comedians
American male film actors
Musicians from Mississippi
American male television actors
Male actors from Mississippi
Comedians from Mississippi
21st-century American rappers
African-American male rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people


title: No. 9 Air Experience Flight RAF

text:
No. 9 Air Experience Flight (9 AEF) is one of thirteen  Air Experience Flights (AEFs) run by the Royal Air Force for the Air Cadet Organisation.  The primary purpose of an AEF is to provide air experience to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF) Section and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts.

The Pilots and Staff
No. 9 AEF, like the other twelve AEFs employs a range of civilian and military staff; the pilots are all current or former RAF pilots. All civilian ground crew are provided by Babcock International under a private finance initiative (PFI).

The aircraft
No. 9 AEF currently operate the Grob Tutor T1, a 2-seat light training aircraft, shared with the co-located Yorkshire Universities Air Squadron (YUAS), from RAF Leeming in North Yorkshire. Previously, No. 9 AEF were based at;

RAF Finningley before the airfield was decommissioned in 1996, with the de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk T.10.

RAF Church Fenton before the airfield was decommissioned in 2013.

RAF Linton-On-Ouse as the last unit to serve at the station when it was decommissioned in 2020.

Flying
Air experience flying provides a basic flying experience for cadets of the Air Cadet Organisation and other aviation related organisations, flying up to four or five training sorties a day for twenty five minutes at a time, including aerobatics.

References

Citations

Bibliography

09
Royal Air Force independent flights


title: 1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships

text:
The 1970 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA. It was classified as a Class 1 category tournament and was part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 3 through August 9, 1970. Fourth-seeded Tony Roche won the singles title and the accompanying $12,000 first prize money.

Finals

Singles

 Tony Roche defeated  Rod Laver, 3–6, 6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2.

Doubles

 Roy Emerson /  Rod Laver defeated  Ismail El Shafei /  Torben Ulrich, 6–1, 7–6.

References

External links
 International Tennis Federation (ITF) – tournament edition details
 Longwood Cricket Club – list of U.S. Pro Champions

U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
U.S. Pro Championships
U.S. Pro Championships
U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Sports in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Tennis tournaments in Massachusetts
Tourist attractions in Middlesex County, Massachusetts


title: Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny

text:
Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny (1937 – July 1, 2014) was a Kenyan politician and telecommunications executive. He served as the Managing Director of the now-defunct Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation from 1979 until 1993. Ng'eny also served as a member of the Parliament of Kenya for Ainamoi from 1997 to 2002 and the country's Minister of Water Development within the administration of former President Daniel arap Moi.

Ng'eny died following a long illness at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi on July 1, 2014, at the age of 77. His funeral was held at Consolata Shrine in the Westlands neighborhood on July 5, 2014. He chose cremation, rather than burial at his ancestral home, which is the norm for Kalenjin funeral rites. Other high-profile Kenyans who elected cremation include the late Wangari Maathai.

References

1937 births
2014 deaths
Government ministers of Kenya
Members of the National Assembly (Kenya)
Kenyan business executives
Businesspeople in telecommunications
Kalenjin people


title: Betty May

text:
Betty May (born Bessie Golding 1894, died after 1955) was a British singer, dancer, and model, who worked primarily in London's West End. She was a member of the London Bohemian set of the inter-war years, claimed to have joined a criminal gang in Paris, was associated with occultist Aleister Crowley, and sat for Augustus John and Jacob Epstein. She became known as the "Tiger Woman". She adopted the name Betty May early in life, for reasons that are unclear.

Early life

Bessie Golding was born in Tidal Basin, Canning Town, London, in August 1894. She was the second of five children born to George Golding (1871–1915) and Ellen Theresa Golding (née James; b. 1872). She was born into poverty. The only known account of her early life is her autobiography Tiger Woman, in which May writes that her father left the family when she was very young, leaving her mother to raise four children on the ten shillings a week she earned working long hours. The family had little furniture and no bed, so they slept on bundles of rags at night. May (erroneously) identified her mother as being half French and described her as good-looking, with an olive complexion and dark eyes, features May claimed to have inherited. May described her grandmother, who lived nearby, as a formidable character who influenced her life.

According to May, when the struggle of supporting four children became overwhelming, her mother sent May and her brother George (1892–1986) to live with their father. It was the first time May had ever seen him. He was an engineer by profession, but was living a life of idleness, drink and violence in a brothel run by his girlfriend in Limehouse. May wrote that she and her brother left the house after her father was arrested by his father, an inspector of police, and later jailed. She first stayed with her paternal grandmother and then with her aunt and uncle on a barge, where she was washed frequently, taught the Lord's Prayer, and had her hair brushed more than she thought necessary but was otherwise ignored. She described herself as a "little brown-faced marmoset ... and the only quick thing in this very slow world." Her aunt described her as "a regular little savage". May earned pennies singing and dancing for sailors on passing vessels. Some time later she was sent to live with another aunt who had a farm in Somerset where May attended the village school.

Coster roots, gypsy style
In her autobiography, May described her "coster" (costermonger) roots as being inherited from her grandmother, saying "I am a true coster in my flamboyance and my love of colour, in my violence of feeling and its immediate response in speech and action. Even now I am often caught with a sudden longing regret for the streets of Limehouse as I knew them, for the girls with their gaudy shawls and heads of ostrich feathers, like clouds in a wind, and the men in their caps, silk neckerchiefs and bright yellow pointed boots in which they took such pride. I adored the swagger and the showiness of it all."

May was small, green-eyed, and dressed like a gypsy. She stated in her autobiography that soon after she arrived in London she "could only afford one outfit, but every item of it was a different colour. Neither red nor green nor blue nor yellow nor purple was forgotten, for I loved them all equally, and if I was not rich enough to wear them separately ... I would wear them, like Joseph in the Bible, all at once! Colours to me are like children to a loving mother."

After she became involved with the London Bohemian set which included Augustus John, who also affected a gypsy style, Anthony Powell said: "her hair tied up in a coloured handkerchief, she would not have looked out of place telling fortunes at a fair." Indeed, May's most popular song as an entertainer was "The Raggle-Taggle Gypsies" which she was said to have performed at Wally's, a subterranean club in Fitzroy Street, while removing her skirt and twirling it in front of her. She also sang "Sigh No More Ladies", "Bonnie Earl O'Murray" and "There Lived a Girl in Amsterdam".

Café Royal set

Around 1910, May travelled to London where she quickly became familiar with the pubs and clubs of the West End. She became a regular at the Endell Street Club and the Café Royal which before World War I was a much different place from the later Café Royal. May described it as a real café with sawdust on the floor, cheap drinks and gilded decorations "as gaudy and as bright as possible" where you could get a plate of chips for sixpence. May said, "The lights, the mirrors, the red plush seats, the eccentrically dressed people, the coffee served in glasses, the pale cloudy absinthe ... [I] felt as if I had strayed by accident into some miraculous Arabian palace" continuing "No duck ever took to water, no man to drink, as I to the Café Royal".

She met the painter Augustus John and the sculptor Jacob Epstein. It was Epstein in particular who introduced her to other members of the Bohemian set, which including the "Queen of Bohemia" Nina Hamnett, prankster Horace de Vere Cole, heiress Nancy Cunard, painter William Orpen, Anna Wickham, Iris Tree and poet Ezra Pound, many of whom May knew.

At the Café and other central London venues, penniless models networked for work among London's artists. Those who could, like Betty May, also performed in order to make a living and in many cases women occupied a grey area between professional model and prostitute. The lives of many of May's contemporaries ended tragically. Among them were Lilian Shelley, also known as "The Bug" or "The Pocket Edition", who later killed herself; the suffragette Laura Grey, who overdosed on veronal in 1914; Sunita Devi who was reported to have been poisoned; Bobby Channing; and Lilian Browning. Others are identified only by first names or pseudonyms: "The Limpet", who was always falling in love; Eileen, who modelled for Augustus John and was shot by her lover; and Bunny, who received a six-month sentence for bigamy and was later strangled by a man in Brixton. Other models May knew included Euphemia Lamb (Nina Forrest), wife of the painter Henry Lamb.

Apart from the Café, May sang and danced at the Cabaret Theatre Club, which later became the Cave of the Golden Calf under the ownership of Madame Strindberg and featured frescoes by Epstein. According to May, when not entertaining, she was educated in taste by a distinguished older man she christened "the Cherub", with whom her relationship was strictly platonic.

"Tiger Woman"

May gave her version of how she came to be known as the "Tiger Woman" in her 1929 autobiography of the same name. There is no independent confirmation of the story, but according to May, soon after meeting the Cherub, and before the outbreak of World War I in 1914, she became involved with a criminal known as the White Panther, a member of L'Apache Gang, whom she met in a bar. May wrote that she went with him to Paris and after arriving at the gang's lair was immediately set upon by the Panther's girl Hortense who saw May as a rival. May wrote of the moments after the Panther broke up the fight, "I must say that I was in a frightful passion ... when White Panther dragged me by the hair to my feet, In an instant my teeth had met in his wrist ... "Tigre" he muttered" and in this way May claimed to have earned the nickname "Tiger Woman".

Other sources, however, attribute the name to a tiger skin coat or outfit she wore or a party trick that involved crawling on all fours and drinking from a saucer like a cat. May herself, in the 1934 Crowley libel case, implied that the name had been made up specifically for her 1929 autobiography, Tiger Woman: My Story, saying: "I am rather feline in looks. I thought perhaps it was rather a good name for me."

Return to London
By 1914, May was in London. According to Nina Hamnett, May and Lilian Shelley were the "principal supports" of the Crab Tree Club on Greek Street founded by Augustus John that year. The Crab Tree was particularly informal with customers making their own entertainment and helping themselves to food. May recalled that there was a pole from the floor to the ceiling which she often had to scamper up if she had played a trick on someone.

May writes in Tiger Woman that she was friendly with a young man called Richard who became ill and died after a canoeing accident while they were out together. She also wrote that she was later engaged to a barrister named Dick and while staying with his family in the country, she went for a stroll with a young farmer who claimed he loved her. According to May, he stumbled, and shot himself fatally in the head when his gun fired accidentally. There is no independent verification of either death however. May wrote in Tiger Woman that she returned to London almost immediately, her engagement to Dick was broken and quickly replaced  by a new engagement to a former suitor, Miles Linzee Atkinson, (1888–1917) who May knew as Bunny. Atkinson was a Cambridge University graduate and university blue who May had met prior to her visit to Paris. They were married at the Marylebone Registry Office in the third quarter of 1914.

Cocaine

According to May, Atkinson was a cocaine user. A trainee doctor at a London hospital, he had access to as much cocaine as he wanted and May quickly began to use the drug herself. She would later comment that "I learnt one new thing on my honeymoon – to take drugs." May wrote that on their honeymoon they were thrown out of their hotel when the management became suspicious. On their return to London they became part of the unorthodox household of Stewart Gray (founder of the "Back to the Land" movement) in Ormonde Terrace, Primrose Hill. The house was occupied by a constantly changing group of artists and models, usually penniless. It was furnished in the most basic way possible in accordance with Gray's philosophy and was without utilities, even water.

May wrote that she and her husband attended dope parties where "all forms of drug-taking used to be indulged in". They became part of the circle of Billie Carleton  and Ada Song Ping You, a Scotswoman who had married a Chinese man (Song Ping You) from whom she learned to use opium. After the war, Carleton was found dead, apparently of an overdose, and Ada Song Ping You was sentenced to five months in jail with hard labour for preparing opium for smoking and supplying it to Carleton.

Atkinson joined the Army in 1914 following the outbreak of the First World War, originally in the Motor Machine Gun Service. According to May, they took a house in Bisley, Surrey while he was training and later May rented a flat in Richmond where she got a job in a shop which she left in a panic after handling Chinese hair-nets which she had read in the newspaper had given a woman leprosy. She moved back to London. According to May, Atkinson demanded a divorce, but died in action in France  (1917) before it came through though marriage records appear to show her remarrying at the end of 1916 to a man by the name of Waldron.

May's drug use escalated. By her own account, soon she was taking 100 grains of cocaine per day, and morphia too. Her cocaine habit increased to 150 grains, causing her to become paranoid. She recalled that on one occasion a "waiter brought me white coffee instead of black. Immediately I concluded that the whole world was against me."

Second marriage
According to Tiger Woman, sometime midway through the First World War, May met an Australian born British Army Major she nicknamed Roy who was in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and they were married at the Henrietta Street registry office. Roy's real name was George Dibbs King Waldron (1886-1943); Marriage records show their marriage taking place in St. Martin district, London, during the fourth quarter of 1916. According to May, Waldron beat her if he found her using drugs, and on one occasion, returning home to find that she had attended a dope party that had lasted three days and three nights, he "took off his Sam Browne belt and gave me the severest beating with it I have ever had". She credited the beating as the start to breaking her addiction. Waldron was sent to France and according to May they divorced after she found love letters written to Waldron by a French girl.

Harlequin Club

After the end of the First World War (1918), May sat for Jacob Epstein for the first time at his home in Guilford Street in around 1919 or 1920. The resulting bronze bust with arms crossed was displayed at the Leicester Galleries in 1920. Epstein also completed a bronze head of Betty in 1921. It was also at about this time that she sat for Jacob Kramer's The Sphinx which had been commissioned from Kramer by a Bradford manufacturer who had met May at the Harlequin Club and been much taken with her. According to May, the sittings took place at the Harlequin as Kramer was too poor to be able to afford a studio. May wrote that Kramer fell in love with her and they became engaged but were prevented from marrying by Kramer's mother who would not let him marry a non-Jew (although his sister Sarah married the non-Jewish painter William Roberts and Roberts and her mother apparently got on well). The painting was exhibited at the 1924/25 British Empire Exhibition at Wembley.

The Harlequin Club, at 55 Beak Street, off Regent Street, became a popular haunt of the poorer bohemians around this time. Betty May and her group became regulars. The club was based in the home of Yanni Papani who was also a waiter at the Café Royal. William Roberts remembered in his posthumously published (1990) memoirs the Harlequin's female customers "whose vocal talents turned the place at times into a sort of Café Chantant, when the dark-skinned Helene sang the 'Raggle-Taggle Gypsies, O!' or Gypsy Lang sang Casey Jones the engine-driver's lament; with the vivacious Betty May, called the Tiger Woman, together with Dolores and the Snake Charmer (so called from her habit of carrying around a small basket of snakes) joining in the chorus."

Dope-Darling

In 1919, "Bunny" Garnett, writing as Leda Burke, published a sensational novel titled Dope-Darling: A Story of Cocaine whose central female character "Claire" was loosely based on Betty May whom he knew well. The plot revolves around an idealistic young man "Roy" who is taken to a club near Fleet Street frequented by journalists. There he is enraptured by the singer, a sexually experienced young woman who had arrived in London aged sixteen just two years earlier, was duped into taking drugs and then into a life of prostitution. Roy marries Claire and tries to reform her but instead is drawn into drug use himself.

Garnett wrote of Claire: She was always asked to all the parties given in the flashy Bohemian world in which she moved. No dance, gambling party, or secret doping orgy was complete without her. Under the effect of cocaine which she took more and more recklessly, she became inspired by a wild frenzy, and danced like a Bacchante, drank off a bottle of champagne, and played a thousand wild antics. The story concludes when Roy and Claire are separated by his military service during the First World War. Claire dies and Roy finds happiness with his childhood sweetheart.

Abbey of Thelema
In autumn 1922, May travelled to Sicily with her third husband Frederick Charles Loveday (later Raoul Loveday) whom she had married earlier that year in Oxford and who had become an acolyte of Aleister Crowley. Loveday was aged 20 or 23, had achieved a first in history from the University of Oxford, and had been published as a poet. They met Nina Hamnett in Paris en route. Hamnett later recalled in Laughing Torso that he was very good-looking, but looked half dead ... He was very much intrigued with Crowley's views on magic. He had been very ill the year before and had had a serious operation. I had heard that the climate at Cefalu was terrible; heat, mosquitoes, and very bad food. The magical training I already knew was very arduous. I urged them not to go ... but they were determined.

Crowley thought Loveday his "magical heir" but condemned the marriage, saying that Loveday had committed the "fatal folly of marrying a girl whom he had met in a sordid and filthy drinking den in Soho, called the Harlequin, which was frequented by self-styled artists and their female parasites". Although Crowley thought the marriage a mistake, he praised May, describing her as a "charming child, tender and simple of soul" but suffering from the consequences of a childhood accident that had "damaged her brain permanently so that its functions were discontinuous" and saying that she had not helped matters by taking to cocaine at age 20. Despite this, Crowley admired her for subsequently curing herself of her addiction, which he said she had done by first switching to morphia and then to alcohol.

Crowley saw his offer of a job to Loveday as a way out of their precarious existence in London which he described as "one filthy room in Fitzroy Street, a foul, frowsty, verminous den ... They were living from hand to mouth, with disaster eternally looming ahead". (They also lived for a time in Beak Street, Soho.) May confirmed in testimony at Crowley's 1934 libel trial that she was supporting them both at the time by sitting as a model for £1 per day and that they were living in one furnished back room. Loveday had little money, no profession and many debts to tradesmen from his time at Oxford. Crowley believed the job would rescue Loveday from the "vagabonds, squalid and obscene, who constituted the court of Queen Betty." In his Confessions, Crowley described, in typically censorious terms, May at work at the Harlequin Club just before she left for Italy: "In a corner was his wife, three parts drunk, on the knees of a dirty-faced loafer, pawed by a swarm of lewd hogs, breathless with lust. She gave herself greedily to their gross and bestial fingerings and was singing in an exquisite voice ... an interminable smutty song, with a ribald chorus in which they all joined".

Although relations between Crowley and May were always cool, Raoul participated enthusiastically in the magical rituals and studies that Crowley set. May took part only reluctantly in order not to be ejected from the Abbey and separated from Raoul. She did spend some time on her own with Crowley. They sometimes went rock-climbing, which was almost the only time they were on friendly terms.

According to Tiger Woman, on one occasion May was exploring the Abbey when she came across a chest containing men's ties which were stiff from what she took to be dried blood. She asked Crowley about it and he claimed that they were the ties of Jack the Ripper who had worn a new one before each murder and who he had known and was still alive. Crowley claimed that the Ripper was a surgeon and a magician who had learned to make himself invisible. Crowley also believed that he could make himself invisible through magic.

As their stay went on, Raoul's health, never strong, worsened. He suffered a recurrence of malaria and was diagnosed with acute enteritis. According to May, he took part in a ritual in which he killed a cat and drank its blood. He died at the Abbey of Thelema on 16 February 1923, having drunk water from a stream that Crowley had warned about. May testified under oath in 1934 to the truth of the story about the cat but Crowley was equally emphatic that the incident never happened, testifying that "There was no cat, no animal, no blood, and no drinking".

Since their arrival in Sicily, May had been sending reports to the Sunday Express of activities at the Abbey which they had turned into articles. On her returned to England after the death of her husband she sold the rest of her story for an additional £500 and it appeared in the Sunday Express and John Bull. The details were instrumental in further stoking outrage about Crowley's activities, which had been growing since the publication in 1922 of his Diary of a Drug Fiend. Typical headlines about Crowley in John Bull were "The King of Depravity", "A Man we'd Like to Hang" and "The Wickedest Man in the World", the last being the soubriquet that stuck with Crowley for the rest of his life.

Princess Waletka
According to Tiger Woman, soon after selling her story, May was introduced to "Princess Waletka" at the Waldorf Hotel. The princess was a Vaudeville "mind-reading" entertainer who adopted the style of a Native American. May wrote that she joined Waletka's British theatrical tour and soon after sailed with her for New York before returning to London.

Fourth marriage
According to May, after her return to England, she married for the fourth time, a journalist she nicknamed Carol whose real name was Noel Mostyn Sedgwick (1902 - 1970). Sedgwick was an editor for The Shooting Times and Country Magazine. May wrote that they moved to live with Sedgwick's mother in the countryside where Sedgwick divided his time between field sports, writing about field sports and talking about them in the local pub.

May writes in Tiger Woman, that one day they visited a local rookery which Sedgwick thought overcrowded. He spent hours shooting the birds and May had to break the necks of those that fell to the ground alive. She found the work disgusting. A rook-pie was made which she refused to eat. Soon after, Sedgwick fell ill with a high temperature and vomiting. May left the house after her mother-in-law accused her of poisoning Sedgwick with the meals she had prepared.

By the 1930s, she was again describing herself as divorced.

Model and muse

May became the model for Augustus John, and the sculptors Jacob Kramer and Jacob Epstein. She was drawn by Gerald Reitlinger and Michael Sevier. She had a rival by the name of Dolores who was also of striking appearance and it was not unusual for there to be friction, and even blows, between the two. Dolores died of cancer in 1934.

About July 1928, May had a brief affair with married Australian writer Jack Lindsay, who was also seeing Elza de Locre. They were together in the Fitzroy Tavern one evening and chanced to see poet Edgell Rickword. Lindsay recalled: "I remember going over to Betty, who did not know him, and saying, 'It's Edgell Rickword, the person I most wanted to meet in England'." May soon left Lindsay for Rickword, though the two men became friends. Rickword wrote the poem "The Lousy Astrologer's Present to his Sweetheart", where the speakers are Rickword and May, which was published in the literary magazine London Aphrodite. The first verse, in the male voice, ran:
No Austin-Seven at my door
love's chariot was, but jolting trams
with butts and spittle on the floor
conveyed your peerless hams
In 1929 May, Rickword and two friends were arrested on a weekend trip to Dieppe in northern France after discovering that they did not have enough money to pay their hotel bill. They were all deported back to England. The hotel was next door to the local police station.

Poet, translator and cryptic crossword compiler for The Observer ("Torquemada") Edward Powys Mathers also wrote verse for Betty May, titling one work "Oh, That We Two Were Betty Maying".

In 1928 the Café Royal was renovated and its gilt and mirrors were replaced with a jazz age theme that caused it to lose some of its former atmosphere. By the 1930s, the bohemian crowd who once frequented the Café had largely decamped to North Soho, or Fitzrovia as it was beginning to be called, where they were centered on The Fitzroy, and to a lesser extent The Wheatsheaf in Rathbone Place. Dylan Thomas, a regular at both, wrote to his friend Bert Trick in 1934 that "Betty May, is as you probably know, an artist's model – who posed, though that is not perhaps the most correct word, for John, Epstein and the rest of the racketeers". He told Trick that he planned to write an article in May's name, sell it to the News of the World and then ask her to pay him with her body.

In 1933, May was living with Hugh Sykes Davis at South Hill Park Gardens in Hampstead, London. The couple entertained Malcolm Lowry and Jan Gabrial there in the autumn that year. Soon after, May and her former lover Edgell Rickword took the couple to "Kleinfled's" (The Fitzroy Tavern), The Marquis of Granby and The Plough, and finally to Smokey Joe's, "a non-alcoholic speakeasy-cum-lesbian pub".

Autobiography
In 1929, Gerald Duckworth and Company published May's autobiography Tiger Woman: My Story. She promised it would be a frank account of her life but the names of many important characters were changed or missing. The quality of the writing led to suspicions that the book had been ghost-written by one of May's many journalistic and literary friends. During the 1934 Crowley stolen letters trial, May admitted that the book had been written by someone else, based partly on articles she had supplied to the newspapers, though she didn't say who the author was. Challenged about the truth of the book, she testified that "My whole early life and my latter life is very true, but there is one little thing that is untrue", adding that part of the book was written as "padding" and was not true.

The novelist Anthony Powell, then working for Duckworth, called it a "somewhat bizarre work which I was responsible for Duckworth's publishing – not without some trepidation on Balston's part". Powell recalled, "For some time she had been anxious to have certain newspaper articles (bestowing the sobriquet 'Tiger-Woman') cobbled into a book. A young journalist with whom she was then living was prepared to take this job on". According to Powell, when May asked if Jacob Epstein would allow her to dedicate the book to him, he "refused in a cross letter".

Powell mostly dealt with May's ghostwriter by letter regarding the book but May visited him several times at Duckworth. Powell found that contrary to her tigerish reputation, she was "diffident in conversation, articulating with the utmost refinement, [and] always behaved with complete decorum". On meeting Powell's publishing colleague A.G. Lewis, who was himself nervous of May, she was terrified.

Soon after publication, Aleister Crowley took Powell to lunch and expressed his dissatisfaction with Duckworth for publishing the book. Under British law, however, Crowley would only have been able to sue the Sunday Express, where most of the content was originally serialised in 1923, but too much time had passed. The book was reprinted in 2014 to promote the upcoming musical about May's life, written by Celine Hispiche.

Aleister Crowley libel suit

In 1934 Betty May was the principal witness in the suit brought by Aleister Crowley against Nina Hamnett for libel in her book Laughing Torso which had alleged that a child had disappeared at the Abbey. By then, May was Mrs Betty May Sedgwick. May testified to the ritual sacrifice of a cat and that her then husband Raoul Loveday had to kill the cat and drink a cup of its blood. As a result of her evidence, May's character and truthfulness were attacked in a long cross-examination by J.P. Eddy, counsel for the plaintiff. May stated, in response to allegations of drug use, that she had taken cocaine for the first time at 18 but not after 25 and she had not "drugged" for years. Asked whether the cats in Italy were wild and destructive, May replied that she only knew two and they were both very charming.

Under cross-examination, May repeatedly faced accusations from Eddy that her testimony had been bought. He produced letters to May from the defendant's solicitors about the expenses she would receive in connection with the case. May claimed that the letters had been stolen from her with the clear implication that they had been stolen by or for Aleister Crowley. The letters were retained by the court. The case was dismissed by the judge.

Stolen letters
In June 1934, Aleister Crowley was arrested in his solicitor's office on suspicion of receiving stolen goods to the value of 7 1/2d. These were the letters belonging to Betty May dealing with the libel case and her book. At the Old Bailey trial in July that year, May testified that the letters had been stolen from her attaché case by a friend, Captain Eddie Cruze, with whom she had been living at Seymour Street in June the previous year. It emerged in evidence that Cruze had sold the letters to Crowley for £5. Cruze's whereabouts were unknown. Crowley was convicted and bound over for two years.

During the cross-examination, counsel for Crowley tried to impugn May's character, asking her if she thought it fraudulent to publish Tiger Woman as her own work when she now admitted that she was not the author. May replied that she had not thought about it. She said that part of the work was written from articles she had provided to the newspapers and it was partly true, but when pressed admitted that much of it was fabrication.

Around the same time, a popular newspaper printed a photograph with the caption "Miss Nina Hamnett, the artist and author of Laughing Torso, takes a walk in the Park with a friend". The picture, however, showed Betty May. Both May and Hamnett were able to extract £25 from the newspaper within hours of each other on the grounds that both had been libelled. A party at the Fitzroy, funded by the windfall, lasted all day.

Murder of Douglas Bose
In 1936, Douglas Bose (born 1915), a writer and practitioner of black magic was murdered by book-reviewer Douglas Burton (aged 30). Bose had been living with Sylvia Williams (known as Sylvia Gough), a diamond heiress and former dancer who had appeared in The Ziegfeld Follies in New York. Now in London, she had modelled for and become the lover of Augustus John. At Burton's trial, Williams explained that she and Bose had had a stormy relationship and he once gave her a black eye. All three of them, Bose, Burton and Williams, were present at a dinner party in February 1936 at a studio in Canonbury when Burton had said that it was a mistake to give a woman a black eye. Sometime later, after dinner, Burton launched an attack on Bose with a sculptor's hammer or mallet he had picked up. Bose subsequently died from his injuries.

From other witnesses it emerged that Burton believed he would marry Betty May but that he had been very agitated when she did not keep an appointment that he believed they had. A letter was read in court from December 1935 in which Burton said "About the only thing that will evoke the female in woman is murder, bullets, knives. Betty has disappeared. Meanwhile I love her. If we were living together, I should kill her at the end of a few days". Another letter read: "My life has become an almost continuous ecstasy. The reason for all this – I am going to marry Betty. She might laugh me to scorn if she heard that proclaimed, but I should have the love of a panther." Further evidence was given of Burton's disordered mental state over a length of time and of relations which he and his twin brother both had with a Belgian woman they had met on ship as they travelled to Britain. Betty May did not give evidence at the trial. Burton was found guilty of murder but insane and ordered to be detained "during the King's pleasure".

Later life
Little is known of Betty May's life after the mid 1930s but in 1955 a notice was placed in a London newspaper by her publishers, Duckworth, seeking information about her: "TIGER WOMAN – Will "BETTY MAY" or anyone who knows her whereabouts since 1934 communicate by letter with her publishers..." Just two days later, the Daily Express published a story saying that Betty May had been "found". The Express reported that she was living in a "semi-basement bed-sitter in Luton Road, Chatham" and that "After she disappeared from London she 'went north.' she said. Then for three years after the war she camped out in a beauty spot. After that to her bed-sitter in Chatham" Virginia Nicholson writes of May "resurfacing" as Betty May Bailey after the Second World War and therefore a possible fifth marriage. Celine Hispiche writes that Betty May "lived until 86 and was buried in Kent".

Musical
As of 2014, a musical show, Betty May – Tiger Woman versus The Beast, is in production. Based on May's life story it contains 18 original songs written by Celine Hispiche with musical arrangements by Philippe Jakko. It is being produced by DeSapinaud Productions.

Notes and references

Bibliography

External links
Betty May head by Jacob Epstein at Christies.
Notice relating to Betty May in The London Gazette.
Tristan De Vere Cole talking about the Café Royal and Betty May.

1890s births
20th-century deaths
Aleister Crowley
People from Canning Town
English artists' models
Year of death uncertain
English autobiographers
Muses


title: Shakashaka

text:
is a logic puzzle developed by publisher Nikoli.

Rules

Shakashaka is played on a rectangular grid of white and black squares. Some black cells may contain a number.

The objective of the puzzle is to place triangles in some of the white cells. There are four kinds of triangles which can be put in squares:

In the resulting grid,
 The white parts of the grid (uncovered by black triangles) must form a rectangle or a square.
 Black cells with a number must be orthogonally adjacent to the specified number of black triangles.

Computational complexity
It is NP-complete to decide whether a given Shakashaka puzzle has a solution.
Furthermore, counting the number of solutions to a given Shakashaka puzzle is #P-complete.

References

Logic puzzles
NP-complete problems


title: Letan, Nebraska

text:
Letan is an unincorporated community in Box Butte County, Nebraska, United States.

History
Letan was a station on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.

References

Populated places in Box Butte County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


The 2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza sheltersThere were seven shellings at UNRWA facilities in the Gaza Strip which took place between 21 July and 3 August 2014 during the Israeli-Gaza conflict. The incidents were the result of artillery, mortar or aerial missile fire which struck on or near the UNRWA facilities being used as shelters for Palestinians, and as a result at least 44 civilians, including 10 UN staff, died. During the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, many Palestinians fled their homes after warnings by Israel or due to air strikes or fighting in the area. An estimated 290,000 people (15% of Gaza's population) took shelter in UNRWA schools.

On three separate occasions, on 16 July, 22 July and on 29 July, UNRWA announced that rockets had been found in their schools. UNRWA denounced the groups responsible for "flagrant violations of the neutrality of its premises". All of these schools were vacant at the time when rockets were discovered; no rockets were found in any shelters which were shelled. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) stated that "Hamas chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel's best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities."

The attacks were condemned by members of the UN (UNRWA's parent organization) and other governments, such as the U.S., have expressed "extreme concern" over the safety of Palestinian civilians who "are not safe in UN-designated shelters." The Rafah shelling in particular was widely criticized, with Ban Ki-moon calling it a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and US State Department calling it "appalling" and "disgraceful". UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes. A Human Rights Watch investigation into three of the incidents concluded that Israel committed war crimes because two of the shellings "did not appear to target a military objective or were otherwise indiscriminate", while the third Rafah shelling was "unlawfully disproportionate". On 27 April 2015, the United Nations released an inquiry which concluded that Israel was responsible for the deaths of at least 44 Palestinians who died in the shelling and 227 were injured.

Background
Since the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, Palestinian militant groups in Gaza have launched rockets into Israel as part of the Gaza–Israel conflict. Gaza militants operate in civilian areas, draw return fire to civilian structures, and on some level benefit in the diplomatic arena from the rising casualties. Through the years, Israel has accused Hamas of launching rockets from schools, residential buildings, mosques and hospitals and Hamas has repeatedly been accused of using civilians as a human shields.

Israel says it takes precautions to avoid civilian casualties and collateral damage, making use if a variety of operational measures, including advance warnings and selective application of military force. Following the current conflict, U.S. military, General Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that Israel went to "extraordinary lengths" to limit civilian casualties and collateral damage during its operation and that the Pentagon had sent a team to see what lessons could be learned from the operation. While a study into a Legal and operational assessment of Israel's targeting practices, found that Israeli targeting practices and positions on the application of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) are broadly within the mainstream of contemporary state practice, and their approach to targeting is consistent with the law and, in many cases, worthy of emulation. Example of advance warnings include phone messages and dropping leaflets, or by using the technique of roof knocking to warn citizens to evacuate their homes. However, this can also have the effect of worsening the humanitarian situation.

International critics have said Israel's actions were disproportionate to Palestinian rocket attacks and that led to 2,220 Palestinians being killed in the war, of whom a vast majority were civilians according to figures given by UN. A report by B'Tselem criticized Israel for bombing homes, which it says led to 606 people getting killed in 70 examined attacks. Breaking the Silence said they collected testimonies from over 60 unnamed soldiers to a report which criticized Israel's rules of engagement. Alistair Dawber wrote in The Independent that the "service personnel paint a picture that runs counter to official Israeli military claims that the surgical operation – which became a full-blown conflict after three Israeli teenagers were kidnapped and murdered in the occupied West Bank - took great care to avoid civilian casualties and that Gaza's already fragile infrastructure was not unnecessarily targeted". The Israeli military said they were "committed to properly investigating all credible claims raised via media, NGOs, and official complaints concerning IDF conduct during operation Protective Edge, in as serious a manner as possible" and that they had done so before and that the group had offered no proof. The Independent saw a letter where Breaking the Silence had contacted the Israeli military and requested a meeting with its chief of staff.

Israel has had a strained relationship with the United Nations.  During the 2008–09 Gaza War, Israel shelled several UN schools. Among them were the Boys School in Beit Lahiya, the Asma Elementary School in Gaza City, the al-Fakhura school in Jabalia and a school in Khan Younis, which were run by the United Nations and were shelters for displaced persons. In one incident of a shelling on a UN warehouse also being used as a shelter, white phosphorus was used.

In 2014, Gaza–Israel conflict, over 5,000 homes have been destroyed and 30,000 other damaged by the IDF. A total of 460,000 Palestinians have been displaced due to these factors, since the beginning of the current conflict.

Overview
The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operated over 245 institutions and schools across the Gaza Strip. The agency has been providing shelter to people displaced by the Gaza–Israel conflict since 12 July, eventually operating 89 shelters. Overall, there were seven incidents in which death or injuries occurred at, or damage was done to, UNRWA Shelters. Of these three (Beit Hanoun, Jabaliya and Rafah) resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice), Deir El Balah and Zaitoun.

As of 24 July, UNRWA closed 23 facilities and Hamas took advantage of the closures to employ some of these vacant UNRWA buildings as weapon storage sites. On three separate occasions, Palestinian weapons and/or weapons components were found to have been placed in UNRWA schools – on 16, 22, and 29 July. UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises". UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, charged the fact that UN facilities were used by Palestinian militant involved in the fighting to store their weaponry and, in two cases, probably to fire from is "unacceptable".

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.

Israel said on 20 November 2014 that it would cooperate with a UN investigation established by U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon because it was "an authentic investigation with potential for us to improve our performance in the course of conflict and learn from our mistakes."

According to an investigation by Human Rights Watch, "Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties in violation of the laws of war". It also criticized Palestinian militant groups for three unrelated cases where weapons and/or weapons components were found in vacant UNRWA schools and Israel for occupying one UNRWA school for military purposes.

The IDF stated that "Hamas chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel's best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities." Israel has criticized the UNHRC as biased and announced its own investigation into one incident (Beit Hanoun). Human rights groups have expressed skepticism, with Human Rights Watch, stating "Israel has a long record of failing to undertake credible investigations into alleged war crimes" and B'Tselem refusing to participate in the investigations.

Schools attacked

Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D
During the 2014 conflict, the area surrounding the Beit Hanoun school was particularly dangerous and, as hostilities intensified, the entire area was exposed to fierce combat. The school was designated as a shelter on 18 July and was hit by indirect artillery fire on 24 July.

During the three or four days leading to the incident Israel's Coordination and Liaison Administration (CLA) have issued multiple warnings indicating that, rockets were being fired from and around the school and that it needed to be evacuated. On the day prior to the incident, the situation around the school worsened. The ICRC attempted to evacuate the school, but the majority of the residents refused to leave. During that night shrapnel and gunfire hit the school. In the morning military activity appeared to have de-escalated and most people chose to leave, decreased their number to approx 450.

On 24 July, the day of the incident, the IDF warned that it was about to target objectives 800 meters from the school. Given the risk, UNRWA decided to evacuate its staff as well. UNRWA stated that they contacted the CLA and repeatedly requested that a window of opportunity be granted for this purpose, but no such window was granted by the time of the incident. An attempt was made by UNRWA to persuade remaining residents of the school to leave, but they said that they would remain. UNRWA called the CLA and stated that UNRWA would not be evacuating the residents. Later, after some persuasion, the remaining residents choose to leave, but while awaiting evacuation, the school was hit by indirect artillery fires, resulting in 11 being killed, including seven children, two women, and one UN staff member. Additionally, 110 were wounded, including 55 children and 31 women.

A senior Israel military officer initially stated that the school shelling could have been caused by Israeli forces. Several other Gaza rockets have landed in Beit Hanoun and the IDF had not ruled out one of these rockets landing on the school. Gaza authorities however said that the school was shelled by Israeli forces.

The IDF on 27 July announced that they had concluded their investigation into the UNRWA deaths. They stated that one IDF mortar bomb had landed in a courtyard of the school but caused no injuries, and that the damage that caused the casualties was not caused by the IDF and UNRWA confirmed rockets fired by Hamas landed in the area. The UN stated that they will be conducting their own investigation as well.

UNRWA rejected the IDF's account, and stated that the initial shell that struck the school was followed by several others within minutes. UNRWA's preliminary investigation indicated that the school was shelled by the Israel Defense Forces.

Reporters who visited the school shortly after the attack said that the damage and debris that they observed was consistent with mortar rounds.

According to the Human Rights Watch investigation, the school was hit four times in short succession, and that the Israeli account was "implausible". It concluded that Israeli shells hit the schools. Regarding an Israeli statement that it asked ICRC to help evacuate the facility, but "Hamas prevented civilians from evacuating the area during the window that the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] gave them", Human Rights Watch stated that it found no evidence that Hamas had prevented anyone from leaving. The ICRC stated that it received no request from Israel to evacuate.

The UN investigation found that the incident was attributable to the IDF.

Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B
The UNRWA School is located in a heavily built up area in the center of the Jabalia Camp. In the weeks and days prior to the incident, there were several incidents of shelling by the IDF of buildings in the vicinity of the School. In the days prior to the incident, armed clashes between militants and the IDF were talking place in the east of the Jabalia Camp and the IDF dropped leaflets requesting residents to move to Gaza City. However, witnesses interviewed by UNRWA had stated that there was no militant activity in the school or in its close vicinity, though one stated that she had heard rockets not far from the school in the days before the incident.

At some time between 04:30 and 04:45 in the morning of 30 July, an explosion occurred outside the school, causing shrapnel to fall into the schoolyard. At approximately 04:45, the school was hit by a barrage of four 155 MM high explosive (HE) projectiles, an artillery indirect fire weapon. Between 17 and 18 people were killed and 99 suffered injuries.

IDF officials acknowledged that five tank shells hit the school when soldiers responded to Mortar fire from the vicinity of the school. The IDF stated that Palestinian militants were firing about 200 yards away. A journalist from The New York Times who visited Jalabi days after the incident stated that no one they had interviewed had seen "Palestinian fighters or Israeli soldiers in the area... and there were no bullet holes or empty casings suggesting close clashes [in the area]." The UNRWA stated that Israel had been informed 17 times of the shelter's location, in order to avoid it.

According to the Human Rights Watch Investigation, "at least one shell apparently hit the roof of a classroom on the second floor where women and children were sleeping. Another shell hit the courtyard." It stated that Israel provided no evidence or information to suggest militants were operating in the area and that it "has not explained why, even if it were responding to militants' mortar fire, it used a weapon as indiscriminate as a high-explosive heavy-artillery shell so near to a UN school housing displaced people."

Following the incident, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest condemned the shelling in his daily press briefing on 31 July 2014. He stated that "the shelling of a U.N. facility that is housing innocent civilians who are fleeing violence is totally unacceptable and totally indefensible. And it is clear that we need our allies in Israel to do more to live up to the high standards that they have set for themselves".

Rafah Preparatory A Boys School
The school is located in the densely populated city of Rafah, in the southern tip of the Gaza Strip. On the day of the incident it was sheltering approx. 2,700 to 2,900 persons. Between 10:40 and 10:45 of 3 August, a precision-guided missile, launched from the air by the IDF, struck the road outside the school, five to six meters from the school gate. Fifteen persons who were in the vicinity of the gate at the time were killed.

The Palestine Red Crescent Society announced that the attack occurred while people were in line to get food from aid workers. Robert Turner, director of operations for the U.N. Palestinian refugee agency in Gaza, said the strike killed at least one UN staffer. The attack was denounced by the UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon as a "moral outrage" and "criminal act", and condemned by the US State Department as disgraceful.

The Government of Israel stated to the UN Board of Inquiry that an examination of the incident was being undertaken at the request of the Military Advocate General (MAG). The IDF had fired an aerial-launched missile at the motorcycle, which had been carrying three militants from Palestinian Islamic Jihad. By the time that it became apparent that the strike would coincide with the motorcycle passing by the school gate, it had no longer been possible to divert the missile. Human Rights Watch, 2014 report, questioned the circumstances of the incident and Israeli stated target, saying that Israel has offered no convincing information. The UN Board of Inquiry 2015 report confirmed that the missile had been directed at a motorcycle carrying three individuals.

Table

Reactions
  – Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of United Nations, condemned the Jubalia Camp incident at the school, describing it as "unjustifiable". After the 29 July incident, he pointed out that the precise location of this school had been communicated to the Israeli military authorities 17 times. He said: "Nothing is more shameful than attacking sleeping children" Ban Ki-moon described the attack on Rafah school as a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and called for those responsible for the "gross violation of international humanitarian law" to be held accountable.
  - Pierre Krähenbühl, Commissioner-General of the UNRWA, said: "Our shelters are overflowing. Tens of thousands may soon be stranded in the streets of Gaza, without food, water and shelter if attacks on these areas continue." "We have moved beyond what humanitarian action alone can deal with. This is now the time for political action. It is the time for accountability," he said. Krähenbühl described the Jubalia Camp incident as "probably one of the most tragic protection failures that the international community has witnessed." Asked to explain the scale of the civilian suffering to an Arab news station, UNRWA spokesman Chris Gunness simply burst into tears. "We have reached breaking point; our staff are being killed, our shelters overflowing", he adds.
  – A White House spokesman, said: "We are extremely concerned that thousands of internally displaced Palestinians who have been called on by the Israeli military to evacuate their homes are not safe in UN-designated shelters in Gaza." They continued by condemning "those responsible for hiding weapons in United Nations facilities in Gaza." US State Department said in a statement that the US is "appalled" by the "disgraceful shelling" outside the school in Rafah and urged Israel to do more to avoid civilian casualties.
  – Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned Israeli military attack that rocked a United Nations school in Jubalia in Gaza's biggest refugee camp.

See also
Israel and the United Nations

References

External links

Video: UN spokesman Chris Gunness breaks down during interview on Gaza The Guardian

2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
July 2014 events in Asia
August 2014 events in Asia


title: Nonpareil, Nebraska

text:
Nonpareil is an unincorporated community in Box Butte County, Nebraska, United States.

History
A post office was established at Nonpareil in 1886, closed in 1894, reopened in 1925 and reclosed in 1946. Nonpareil was named after the "Nonpareil type" because like the type, the settlement was very small.

References

Populated places in Box Butte County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Eithne (opera)

text:
Eithne, also known as Éan an Cheoil Bhinn (The Bird of Sweet Music), is considered by many critics to be the first full-scale opera written and performed in the Irish language. It was written by English/Irish composer Robert O'Dwyer.

The opera, based on an Irish-language libretto written by Galway Reverend Thomas O'Kelly, covers two acts and includes in its complex plot the presence of stepbrothers, a divine descent to earth and the transformation of a queen into a bird.

Performance history
The work saw its first performance at the Round Room in Dublin's Rotunda during Oireachtas na Gaeilge, an Eisteddfod-inspired festival of Irish culture, in 1909, conducted by the composer. It was performed again in May 1910 at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin.

In 2017 a concert performance of Eithne was given at the National Concert Hall in Dublin. It featured an all-Irish cast including the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra, and led to calls for a full staging.

Regarding the unfamiliarity of the Irish language in the operatic world, the Irish Times noted that 'Crucially, the Irish sounded wonderful, appearing to lend itself to operatic declamation with no less ease than do Italian or German, Russian or Czech.'

Roles

Synopsis

In the first act, the plot centres around the High King of Ireland and the election of his heir. Though the warriors wholeheartedly nominate Ceart (the eldest son of the High King), Duffach and his supporters contend that Ceart is a traitor who had murdered the beloved hound of the High King. Nuala, the former nursemaid of Ceart, intervenes and tells the High King that the murder of the hound was actually carried out by Ceart's half brothers Neart and Art. The brothers confess to the murder and the High King sentences them to death. Nuala, to the dismay and anger of the crowd surrounding the High King, intervenes once more and advises the High King against sentencing Neart and Art to death. As a magical bird like motif is heard on the flutes and clarinets of the orchestra, the High King becomes more and more captivated by Nuala's words and abruptly pardons Neart and Art and declares Ceart his heir. After the pardon, the act climaxes with the High King calling for a hunt.

In the second act, the High King, entranced by the sound of a bird, wanders away from the hunt. This begins a journey wherein the High King and Ceart, along with Neart and Art, search for the bird. Upon discovering the mysterious bird, they become mesmerised. It is revealed that the bird is Eithne, a woman cursed by her father, the King of Tír na nÓg, to take that form until a powerful hero comes to win Eithne's hand in marriage. In attempting to enter Tír na nÓg, Ceart faces off against the spirit who guards the gate and successfully overpowers the spirit to gain entry. A further battle with the King of Tír na nÓg ensues and, with the help of a magical sword, Ceart defeats the King. Over the course of the opera, we come to understand that Nuala is the wife of the King of Tír na nÓg and that she had been cursed to live a mortal life by the King during a fit of rage. The King and Queen of Tír na nÓg are ultimately re-united and the spell is broken.

Both Eithne and Nuala ask the King of Tír na nÓg to allow her to marry Ceart but the King maintains that such a marriage cannot take place until he wins Eithne from those among his people who conspire against him. The final act culminates in a confrontation with Ceart's two half brothers on the issue of who should win Eithne's hand in marriage. Ceart ultimately claims Eithne for himself. The herald then announces the death of his father and Ceart is proclaimed as the new High King.

References

External links

 Full concert performance uploaded by Ireland's national public broadcasting service

1909 operas
Celtic mythology in music
Irish-language operas
Irish mythology
Operas
Operas based on fairy tales
Operas based on myths and legends
Operas set in Ireland
Operas with mythological or folkloric settings


title: Elektromreža Srbije

text:
Elektromreža Srbije (abbr. EMS; ) is a Serbian national transmission system operator company with the headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia.

It was founded in 2005 after being split from Elektroprivreda Srbije and it is specialized in the transmission of electrical power. It is a member of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity.

History
On 1 July 2005, the electric power transmission division of Elektroprivreda Srbije was split from the company and established its own public enterprise subsidiary Elektromreža Srbije (EMS).

In November 2016, Elektromreža Srbije changed its legal form to joint-stock company with 100% of shares being owned by the Government of Serbia.

In March 2018, the European electricity transmission association ENTSO-E warned over delay of electric clocks throughout Europe's power network due to lower frequency which was caused by the loss of electricity in the network. Namely, the loss was created due to political dispute between Serbia and Kosovo where the Kosovar power transmission company KOSTT took 113 GWh unauthorizedly from the network in the period of January–February 2018. Elektromreža Srbije has legal jurisdiction over Kosovar electricity transmission network, but due to political dispute, does not exercise full control over it. The direct loss of 113 GWh would amount to 24.86 million euros, as per average euro area electricity price (per KWh) of 22 eurocents for households in 2017.

On 21 April 2020, KOSTT formally joined the ENTSO-E following the vote and thus separated from Elektromreža Srbije.

Market and financial data
As of 2022, Elektromreža Srbije posted a profit of 70.28 million euros and had 518.37 million euros of revenues.

See also
 Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS)
 Transmission system operator
 Electricity distribution companies by country
 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E)

References

External links

 Overview of JP "Elektromreža Srbije" main activities aimed to improve power system control

Companies based in Belgrade
Electric power transmission system operators in Serbia
Elektroprivreda Srbije
Energy companies established in 2005
Government-owned companies of Serbia
Serbian companies established in 2005


title: Ronald Moore (basketball)

text:
Ronald Moore (born July 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Debreceni EAC of the Hungarian Basketball League. Whilst playing collegiately for Siena, he led the NCAA Division I in assists during his senior season (2009–10).

High school career
Moore attended Plymouth-Whitemarsh High School in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania.
In his senior season, Moore averaged 17 points, 8 assists, and 2 steals, which earned him an All-Southern Pennsylvania Third Team selection by The Philadelphia Inquirer.

His height, culminating at , and his weight, less than , reportedly deterred major colleges from recruiting him, with offers solely from mid-majors.
In December 2005, his Plymouth Whitemarsh coach contacted Siena – an NCAA Division I college in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) - head coach Fran McCaffery to talk up Moore. McCaffery, who thought Moore was already recruited, came down to watch him play (with Moore collecting 15 assists in that game) and sent him a scholarship offer soon after.

College career
Moore debuted against Stanford on 11 November 2006, posting 10 points, 3 assists, and 3 steals off the bench.
He started 27 games over his freshman season, leading the Saints in minutes (31.2 minutes) and assists (4.9, third-best in the MAAC), adding 7.4 points and 3.5 rebounds per game.

He posted a MAAC-third best 5.3 assists per game in his sophomore season, adding 4.1 rebounds and 1.5 steals in nearly 32 minutes per game.
Moore contributed 11 points, 6 rebounds and 6 assists in the NCAA tournament upset of Vanderbilt.

He led the MAAC in assists for his junior year, with 6.4 per game (twelfth best nationally) on his way to Second Team All-MAAC and All-MAAC Tournament Team selections.
Two three-pointers in the NCAA tournament game against Ohio State, the first to tie the game in the first overtime and the second to win the game with 3.9 seconds left in the second overtime, allowed Siena to progress to the Second Round.
He proceeded to have "one of the best 1-for-10 shooting performances", posting 10 assists for 2 turnovers as he evaded Louisville's press, though that was not enough to topple the No. 1-seed.

As a senior in 2009–2010, Moore was a First-team All-MAAC selection.
He had 9 points and 6 assists against Fairfield in the MAAC tournament final to help Siena win the tournament for the third consecutive year.
Moore led the entire NCAA Division I in assists during the season with 261 assists (7.7 per game), he finished his career with an MAAC record 823 that also ranked 23rd all-time best in the Division I.

Professional career
Going undrafted in the 2010 NBA draft, Moore signed his first professional contract for Slovak Extraliga side Edymax SPU Nitra over the summer, averaging 17 points and 7 assists during the 2010–11 season.

The next season saw Moore move to PGE Turów Zgorzelec of the Polish Basketball League.
He had 7.2 points and 4.4 assists a little more than 22 minutes per game in the Polish league, complemented by 9.8 points and 5.2 assists in nearly 26 minutes in Europe's second-tier Eurocup.

In September 2012, the American moved to Alba Fehérvár of the Hungarian NB I/A, helping the side win the league and cup with 11.5 points, 6.3 assists, 3.8 rebounds and 2.3 steals per game.
On 2 July 2013, he signed with Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague outfit Cherkaski Mavpy.
However, he left the team in February 2014 due to the unrest in the country.
He joined Italian Serie A side Pasta Reggia Caserta on 25 February 2014 to finish the season.

During the summer, his contract was renewed for the 2014–15 season.

On 10 August 2015, Moore signed with fellow Serie A side Giorgio Tesi Group Pistoia.

On June 26, 2018, Moore left Pistoia after 3 years and signed a deal with Pallacanestro Varese.

On July 30, 2019, he has signed with Élan Béarnais of the French LNB Pro A. He averaged 9.5 points, 3 rebounds and 4.7 assists per game. On August 2, 2020, Moore has signed for Cibona of the ABA League.

In December, 2020, he moved to Debreceni EAC of the Hungarian Basketball League.

Personal
Three members of Moore's family have also been involved in the sport at a high level. His uncle, Jimmie Baker, played in the ABA. His older brother, Chuck Moore, played college basketball for Vanderbilt and his cousin, Moore's cousin, John Salmons, played in the NBA.

See also

 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season assists leaders

References

External links
Serie A profile
FIBA Game center profile
RealGM profile

1988 births
Living people
Alba Fehérvár players
American expatriate basketball people in Hungary
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Slovakia
American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
BC Cherkaski Mavpy players
Élan Béarnais players
Juvecaserta Basket players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Pallacanestro Varese players
Pistoia Basket 2000 players
Point guards
Siena Saints men's basketball players
Turów Zgorzelec players
KK Cibona players