title: Gábor Palotai

text:
Gábor Palotai is a Swedish–Hungarian designer, artist, graphic designer and typographer. Since 1981 he lives and works in Stockholm, Sweden. Gábor Palotai was born 1956 in Budapest, Hungary, where he also studied and received his MA degree in graphic design at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design (Hungarian Academy of Craft and Design) in Budapest 1976–1980. After his graduation he left Budapest and moved to Stockholm, where he continued his studies at The Royal Institute of Art, 1981–1983 and Beckmans College of Design, 1983–1984. Gábor Palotai is a member of Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) since 2002. AGI unites the world's leading graphic designers. He is also a member of Svenska tecknare (The Association of Swedish Illustrators and Graphic Designers), Konstnärernas riksorganisation (The Swedish Artist's National Organisation), and since 2015, the State Heraldic Board of the National Archives of Sweden. Gábor Palotai is an honorary professor at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, Budapest, and in 2021 he received the Knight's Cross Order of Merit of Hungary.

Works
Gábor Palotai is working across genres in both art and design. His studio, Gabor Palotai Design, is based in Stockholm, Sweden, since 1987. During the years, his noted world of visual art has been realized in different media: His works operate with a holistic concept of visual culture and therefore his artistic and design practice is completely intertwined. Reflecting his expanded understanding of graphic design, in his consistently formulated oeuvre, besides conventional formats and media, other, hardly classifiable or less common genres are present; such as conceptual photography, graphic design novel, printed textiles, non-narrative digital motion pictures or even public plaques. Gábor Palotai works on a broad range of commissions, art and design projects within the field of visual communication such as corporate design, visual identities, packaging design, profile programmes, logotypes, pictograms, exhibition design, web design, animation, illustration, photography, poster design, album covers, typography and book design. Gábor Palotai's design has rendered him many awards over the years and has been the subject of several books, among which Maximizing the Audience (Ginko Press 2000) "best illustrates the studio's output", while his book 111 Posters (Gestalten Verlag 2006) displays "Gábors strongly typographic poster art, with works created primarily for cultural institutions". In his artist's book Odysseus – A Graphic Design Novel (2007), Gábor Palotai replaces the verbal with the visual. The book AM MU NA HI (2007) is dedicated to his photography. Gábor Palotai's long-standing project on art-patterns has been realized in independent works of art, textile design, products such as porcelain, and in his latest artist's book ZOO (2017). Gábor Palotai has held several solo exhibitions and participated in numerous group exhibitions throughout Europe.

Awards
 Red Dot Design Award Best of the Best 2021. Poster design. Skap – Swedish Society of Songwriters, Composers & Authors.
 Swedish Meal Literature Award / Årets Måltidslitteratur, Best Design 2021. Book design. Berättelser och recept by Erik Videgård.
 Red Dot Design Award 2020. Poster design. Restaurant Videgård.
 Swedish Book Art Award 2019. Vera von Toth – A beauty surgeon’s monologue by Linda Rampell.
 Swedish Design Prize 2019. Designer of the Year. Svenska Designpriset 2019.
 Red Dot Design Award 2019. Illustrations. Gabor Palotai – Cosmos.
 German Design Award 2019 Nominee. Poster design. Livsdal of Sweden.
 German Design Award 2019 Nominee. Poster design. Neon Art Gallery.
 Hungarian Design Award 2018. Visual Identity. Livsdal of Sweden.
 Red Dot Design Award 2018. Poster design. Neon Art Gallery.
 Red Dot Design Award 2018. Poster design. Livsdal of Sweden.
 Red Dot Design Award 2018. Poster design. Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 German Design Award 2019. Special Mention. Poster design. Gabor Palotai – Zoo
 German Design Award 2019. Winner. Poster design. Contempo Art Auctions
 The Golden Egg Award / Guldägget 2018. Diplom. Visual Identity. Livsdal of Sweden.
 German Design Award 2018 Winner. Poster design for the book "The Shopmodern Condition" by Linda Rampell.
 German Design Award 2018 Special Mention. Poster design. Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 Golden Drawing Pin / Aranyrajzszög díj 2017. Lifetime Achievement Award.
 Red Dot Design Award Best of the Best 2017. Poster design. Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 Red Dot Design Award Best of the Best 2017. Gabor Palotai – Zoo Illustrations.
 Red Dot Design Award Best of the Best 2017. Poster design. Gabor Palotai – Zoo
 Red Dot Design Award 2017. Poster design. Contempo Art Auctions
 Red Dot Design Award 2016. Poster design Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 Red Dot Design Award 2016. Poster design for the book "The Shopmodern Condition" by Linda Rampell.
 Swedish Book Art Award 2016. Facing Heaven by Erik Videgård. Natur & Kultur.
 Red Dot Design Award 2016. Product design. Thriller (collaboration with Anna Kraitz).
 Swedish Design Prize 2015, Gold medal. Svenska Designpriset 2015. Book Design. Facing Heaven by Erik Videgård. Natur & Kultur.
 Cultural Award of Stockholm City. 2015.
 German Design Award 2015 Nominee. Poster design. Violin and cello concerto at Berwaldhallen.
 German Design Award 2015 Nominee. Record sleeve. Oddjob – Live in Bremen.
 German Design Award 2015 Nominee. Corporate and Brand Design. The Mobile Exhibition Lab.
 Red Dot Design Award 2014. Poster design. Violin and cello concerto at Berwaldhallen.
 Red Dot Design Award 2014. Record sleeve. Oddjob – Live in Bremen.
 German Design Award 2014 Nominee. Poster Design. Reflex Architects.
 European Design Awards (Silver) 2013. Poster Reflex. Reflex Architects.
 Red Dot Design Award 2013. Corporate design of the Mobile Exhibition Lab. Swedish Travelling Exhibition. Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 Red Dot Design Award 2012. Poster design Reflex. Reflex Architects.
 Red Dot Design Award 2012. Book design Claesson Koivisto Rune, On Yellow. Skandium, London.
 German Design Award 2012 Nominee. Corporate Design. Swedish Travelling Exhibition.
 German Design Award 2012 Nominee. Swedish Travelling Exhibition, Annual Report.
 German Design Award 2012 Nominee. Book Design. Linda Rampell: Freud med Skalpell. GPP.
 German Design Award 2012 Nominee. Record Sleeve. Leucocyte. Esbjörn Svensson Trio. The ACT Company.
 German Design Award 2012 Nominee. Corporate Design. Sollentuna Shopping Centre. Steen & Ström.
 Red Dot Design Award 2010. Record sleeve Leucocyte. Esbjörn Svensson Trio. The ACT Company.
 Red Dot Design Award 2010. Book design Freud med Skalpell av Linda Rampell. GPP.
 Red Dot Design Award 2010. Annual Report of the Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 Red Dot Design Award 2010. Corporate design of the Sollentuna Shopping Centre in Stockholm. Steen & Ström.
 Red Dot Design Award 2010. Corporate design of the Swedish Exhibition Agency (Riksutställningar).
 German Design Award 2009 Nominee. Book Design. Function Rules. Ergonomi Design.
 German Design Award 2009 Nominee. Book Design. Gábor Palotai Odysseus a Graphic Design Novel. GPP.
 Red Dot Design Award 2007. Book design Gábor Palotai Odysseus a Graphic Design Novel. GPP.
 Red Dot Design Award 2007. Book design Function Rules. Veryday (former Ergonomi Design).
 Red Dot Design Award 2005. Poster design Made in Sweden. Svensk Form.
 Red Dot Design Award 2003. OP Vodka. V&S Group.
 Red Dot Design Award 2003. Book design Gábor Palotai AM MU NA HI. GPP.
 Red Dot Design Award 2003. Book design and DVD Gábor Palotai Maximizing The Audience. GPP.
 The Golden Egg Award (Guldägget) 2006 (Swedish Communication Agencies) for the exhibition poster Estonia.
 Kolla (Design Award) between 2000 and 2009 approx. 6 different.
 Swedish Book Art Award between 1990 and 2013 approx. 20 different.
 Core International Design Award 2002 for the design of the OP Vodka. V&S Group.
 The Golden Egg Award (Guldägget). Silver. 1987. Christmas packaging design for Hennes & Mauritz (H&M).
 Excellent Swedish Design Prize between 1985 and 2002 approx. 25 different.
 KW Guller Stipendium, 1985.
 Kycklingstipendiet. 1985.
 2nd. Graphic Design Biennal in Hungary, Békéscsaba. 1980. Special Prize.

Bibliography
 COSMOS by Gabor Palotai. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2019)
 ZOO by Gabor Palotai. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2017)
 Odysseus. A graphic Design Novel by Gábor Palotai. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2007)
 111 Posters. Gestalten Verlag (2007) , Die Gestalten Verlag
 The Models (Co-written with Claesson Koivisto Rune). Gabor Palotai Publisher (2005)
 AM MU NA HI. American Museum of Natural History. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2002) , Hungarian House of Photography in Mai Manó House
 Maximizing the Audience (The Animated Book). Gabor Palotai Publisher (2000)
 Maximizing the Audience (The Book) Gingko Press (2000) , C3 Gallery

Exhibitions
During the years Gábor Palotai has had many solo and group exhibitions. Examples:
 Code and Algorithm – Hommage á Vera Molnar. Vasarely Museum, Budapest 2020. Group exhibition.
 Odysseus. &KONST - Sigtuna Museum & Art, Stockholm 2019. Solo exhibition.
 Exhibition Hommage à Bauhaus. Institut Hongrois de Paris, 92 Rue Bonaparte, 2019. Group exhibition.
 Exhibition Hommage à Bauhaus. Gallery Pécs, Hungary 2019. Group exhibition.
 Bauhaus 100. Ludwig Museum, Budapest 2019. Group exhibition.
 Symmetrical Landscapes. Olseröds Konsthall, Olseröd, Sweden 2019. Together with Lena Willhammar.
 ZOO - LANDSCAPES - COSMOS. Trafó House of Contemporary Arts, Budapest 2018. Solo exhibition.
 Visual Acoustics - International exhibition of contemporary arts on visual music. Fondazzjoni Kreattivita’, Malta 2018. Group exhibition.
 Found Pixels / Talált Pixelek. Ferenczy Múzeum Centrum, Szentendre, Budapest 2018. Together with Bp.Szabó György.
 Zoo. Hoffmans Antikhandel, Stockholm 2018. Solo exhibition and book release.
 Works / Munkák 1976–1980. Galeria Neon, Budapest. 2017. Solo Exhibition.
 Mycket mer än gångbart. Handarbetets Vänner/Friends of Handicraft, Stockholm 2017. Group exhibition.
 #Bartók. Ludwig Museum, Budapest. 2016. Group Show.
 Unreadable Landscapes. Liget Galéria, Budapest. 2014. Solo exhibition.
 AM MU NA HI. Pictures from the American Museum of Natural History. Hotel Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, 2014–2015. Solo exhibition.
 Thriller. Textile design for furniture. Designgalleriet Kammakargatan, Stockholm. 2014.
 Unreadable Patterns. Hotel Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, 2013–14. Solo exhibition.
 Ränder, rytm, riktning. The Nordic Museum (Nordiska Museet), Stockholm, 2013–14. Group show.
 Liget 30. Olof Palme Ház, Budapest. 2013. Group show.
 AM MU NA HI. Hungarian House of Photography in Mai Manó House, Budapest, 2008. Solo exhibition.
 Odysseus. Röhsska Museum of Applied Art & Design, 2007. Solo exhibition.
 Odysseus. C3. Center for Culture & Communication, Budapest, 2007. Solo exhibition.
 Moscow Biennale 2005. Group show.
 European Design Biennale, London Design Museum, 2003. Group show.
 Dissonanzia, Milano, 2003. Group show.
 Scandinavian Design Beyond the Myth / Berlin, Milano, Gent, Prag, Budapest, Copenhagen, 2003–2006. Group Show.
 Designed in Sweden, Museum of London, Los Angeles, NYC, 2004. Group show.
 Vision Image and Perception, Műcsarnok / Kunsthalle Budapest, Group Exhibition.
 Swedish by Design, NYC, 2005. Group show.
 Galleri Gauss, "den svenska tristessen", Group Exhibition, Stockholm 1986.
 Gábor Palotai: Carpets and Photographs. Röhsska Museum of Applied Art & Design, 1993. Solo exhibition.
 Swedish Steel. Liget Galéria, Budapest. 1990. Solo exhibition together with Miklós Peternák.
 Wunderbaum. Liget Galéria, Budapest. 1987. Solo exhibition together with Miklós Peternák.
 Galleri Linjen, Västervik. 1986. Solo exhibition.
 Fotohuset, Gothenburg. 1986. Solo exhibition.
 Scandinavian Photography. Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf (now Museum Kunstpalast), 1986. Group Show.
 Hellas. Liget Galéria, Budapest. 1986. Solo exhibition together with Miklós Peternák.
 Dark Light, White Shadows. Gauss Fotografiskt Galleri, 1985. Solo exhibition.
 Atelier des Maitres, Paris. 1985. Solo exhibition together with Miklós Peternák.
 Konstnärshuset, Stockholm 1984. Solo exhibition.
 Galleri Gauss, Stockholm 1983, Gabor Palotai, "The store-room silverprints", solo exhibition.
 Actuell Art Gallery, Stockholm, 1981. Solo exhibition.

Represented
 Represented in the rare book collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
 Represented in the collection of the Red Dot Design Museum, Essen.
 Represented in the collection of the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm.
 Represented in the collection of the Röhsska Museum of Applied Art & Design, Gothenburg.
 Represented in the collection of the C3 – Center for Culture & Communication Foundation, Budapest.
 Represented in the collection of the Danish Museum of Art & Design, Copenhagen.
 Represented in the collection of the Graphic Design Museum (Museum of the Image) Beyerd Breda, Breda.
 Represented in the collection of the Kungliga Biblioteket (National Library of Sweden), Stockholm.
 Represented in the collection of the Russian State Library, Moscow.

Books published by Gábor Palotai
 Gábor Palotai: Cosmos. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2019)
 Gábor Palotai: Zoo. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2017)
 Linda Rampell: Designatlas. Reissue. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2013)
 Linda Rampell: Freud med skalpell. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2008)
 Linda Rampell: Designdarwinismen. Gabor Palotai Publisher 2007
 Gábor Palotai: 111 Posters. Gestalten Verlag (2007) , Die Gestalten Verlag
 Odysseus. A graphic Design Novel by Gábor Palotai. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2007)
 Claesson Koivisto Rune: The Models. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2005)
 Code. Lars O Ericsson och Linda Rampell. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2003)
 Gábor Palotai AM MU NA HI. American Museum of Natural History. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2002)
 Linda Rampell: Designatlas. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2002)
 Linda Rampell: Zoo. Gabor Palotai Publisher (2000)
 Gábor Palotai: Maximizing the Audience (The Animated Book). Gabor Palotai Publisher 2000
 Gábor Palotai: Maximizing the Audience (The Book) Gingko Press (2000)

Examples of references
 AGI.
 Graphic Design for the 21st Century. 100 of the World's Best Graphic Designers. Charlotte and Peter Fiell. Taschen 2003. Pages 230–235 .
 European Design Awards 2013 Celebrating Creative Brilliance (participating) .
 Contemporary Graphic Design. Charlotte and Peter Fiell. Taschen 2007. Pages 396–399 .
 Grids. Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris. AVA publishing, 2008. Pages 3, 86–89, 148–151, 160–161 .
 Who's Who in Design. The Leading Designers of the World, ed. Peter Zec, Red Dot Edition, Vol 1, Vol 2 (2003). Pages 276–277, Vol 3 (2007) pages 262–263.
 Novum, World of Graphic Design, München 07/12. Pages 50–51.
 Novum, World of Graphic Design, München 06/07. Pages. 62–65.
 Novum, World of Graphic Design, Gabor Palotai.
 TipoGráfica, Buenos Aires, June/July 2/2, 005. Pages 16–23.
 Eva Atle Bjarnestam De formade 1900–talet, 2005. Page 173 .
 Octogon. Architecture & Design, Budapest, 2005/2
 Étapes: design et culture visuelle, Paris 07/2004, parade en noir et blanc. Page 53.
 Print. May/June 2007. Page 143.
 BLUEPRINT, June 2005. Page 82–84.
 Kobra / SVT, Interview with Gábor Palotai in His Studio by Malik Bendjelloul, 2004.
 Poster Design. Big Size Visuals, selected by Marc Gimenez, Instituto Monsa de Ediciones, Barcelona 2011. Pages 64–71 .
 Los Logos, ed. Robert Klanten and Nicolas Bourquin, Die Gestalten Verlag, 2004. Pages 58, 91, 133, 134 .
 It's A Matter of Packaging edited by Victionary 2005 (participating).
 Romantik, Die Gestalten Verlag, 2003 (participating).
 Bo Bergström, Effektiv visuell kommunikation, Carlssons Bokförlag 2012. Pages 133, 270, 274 .
 Pictogram and Icon Graphics, ed. Ami Miyazaki, PIE Book, Tokyo, 2002 (participating) .
 2013 International Poster Exhibition, Korea, 2014. Page 183.
 Nordic Graphic Designers. Arvinius Förlag, 2011. Pages 128–135 .
 Peternák Miklós, Gabor Palotai, Maximizing the Audience
 Gabor Palotai Design, Red Dot.
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2013/2014 Red Dot Edition. Pages 150,151.
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2012/2013 Red Dot Edition. Pages 207, 363.
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2010/2011 Red Dot Edition. Pages 150, 153, 204, 367, 453 .
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2007/2008 Red Dot Edition. Pages 340, 351.
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2005/2006 Red Dot Edition. Page 257.
 International Yearbook Communikation Design. 2003/2004 Red Dot Edition. Pages 158, 216, 217 .
 Design Award of the Federal Republic of Germany 2009. German Design Council. Pages 481, 485 .
 Design Award of the Federal Republic of Germany 2007. German Design Council. Page 361.
 Lotta Lewenhaupt, "Text eller snarare Betraktelse, Gabor Palotai's utställning, Unreadable Patterns".
 Gábor Palotai, 111 Posters (2007) .
 Margareta Artsman, "Grafisk bortom alla ord", SvD 7/12 2007.
 Maria Papaefstathiu,"Gabor Palotai Design", Graphic Art News 9/5 2009.
 Lászlo Beke, "A Progresszív magyar fotó", Imago Winter No. 3.1996/97.

References

Gabor Palotai Design at the Red Dot Design awards.

External links
 Gabor Palotai Design

Swedish graphic designers
Hungarian graphic designers
Swedish designers
Hungarian designers
Hungarian typographers and type designers
Swedish typographers and type designers
Book designers
Swedish art directors
Hungarian art directors
Hungarian poster artists
Swedish poster artists
1956 births
Living people


title: David Regan

text:
David Regan (9 July 1939 – 25 July 1994) was a British academic who was a head of the School of Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham. Regan was a Francis Hill Professor of Local Government at the University of Nottingham and a member of the Bruges Group that rejected the idea of a 'federal' European Union.

Death
Regan died by suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning on the university park campus of the University of Nottingham. Regan cited his treatment at Nottingham in a suicide note.

A Service of Thanksgiving for his life was held at the Church of St Mary the Virgin, High Pavement, Nottingham on 22 October 1994. The church was full to overflowing. Tributes were paid by the Reverend Tom Irvine, The Rt. Honourable Baroness Blatch; County Councillor John Hayes, Sir Harry Djanogly, Professor Dennis Kavanagh and Rebecca Regan. What, perhaps, only became apparent after his death were quite how enormous and far reaching were his contributions to the spread of pluralist democracy and opposition to totalitarianism in every form, particularly in Eastern Europe. Equally, the fact that he quietly inspired generations of his students with his deeply held beliefs.

References

1939 births
1994 deaths
1994 suicides
British political scientists
Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Suicides in England
20th-century political scientists


title: Japanese destroyer Suzunami

text:
Two Japanese destroyers have been named Suzunami:
 , a  of the Imperial Japanese Navy
 , a  of the JMSDF

Japanese Navy ship names


title: Chemogenetics

text:
Chemogenetics is the process by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. Chemogenetics as a term was originally coined to describe the observed effects of mutations on chalcone isomerase activity on substrate specificities in the flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus. This method is very similar to optogenetics; however, it uses chemically engineered molecules and ligands instead of light and light-sensitive channels known as opsins.

In recent research projects, chemogenetics has been widely used to understand the relationship between brain activity and behavior. Prior to chemogenetics, researchers used methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation to study the relationship between neuronal activity and behavior.

Comparison to optogenetics
Optogenetics and chemogenetics are the more recent and popular methods used to study this relationship. Both of these methods target specific brain circuits and cell population to influence cell activity. However, they use different procedures to accomplish this task. Optogenetics uses light-sensitive channels and pumps that are virally introduced into neurons. Cells' activity, having these channels, can then be manipulated by light. Chemogenetics, on the other hand, uses chemically engineered receptors and exogenous molecules specific for those receptors, to affect the activity of those cells. The engineered macromolecules used to design these receptors include nucleic acid hybrids, kinases, variety of metabolic enzymes, and G-protein coupled receptors such as DREADDs.

DREADDs are the most common G protein–coupled receptors used in chemogenetics. These receptors solely get activated by the drug of interest (inert molecule) and influence physiological and neural processes that take place within and outside of the central nervous system.

Chemogenetics has recently been favored over optogenetics, and it avoids some of the challenges of optogenetics. Chemogenetics does not require the expensive light equipment, and therefore, is more accessible. The resolution in Optogenetic declines due to light scattering and illuminance declined levels as the distance between the subject and the light source increases. These factors, therefore, don’t allow for all cells to be affected by light and lead to a lower spatial resolution. Chemogenetics, however, does not require light usage and therefore can achieve a higher spatial resolution.

Applications
G-protein coupled receptors' usage and chemogenetics are nowadays the targets for many of the pharmaceutical companies to cure and alleviate symptoms of diseases that involve all tissues of the body. More specifically, DREADDs have been used to explore treatment options for various neurodegenerative and psychological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, depression, anxiety, and addiction. These aforementioned conditions involve processes that occur within and outside of the nervous system involving neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate. Chemogenetics has therefore been used in pharmacology to adjust the levels of such neurotransmitters in specific neuron while minimizing the side effects of treatment. To treat and relieve the symptoms of any disease using the DREADDs, these receptors are delivered to the area of interest via viral transduction.

Recently some studies have considered using a new method called retro DREADDs. This method allows specific neuronal pathways to be studied under cellular resolution. Unlike classic DREADDs, this method is usually used in wild type animals, and these receptors are given to the targeted cells via injection of two viral vectors.

Animal Models
DREADDS have been used in many animal models (e.g., mice and other non-primate animals) to target and influence the activity of various cells. Chemogenetics used in animals assists with demonstrating human disease models such as Parkinson's disease. Having this information allows scientists understand whether viral expression of DREADD proteins, both in-vivo enhancers and inhibitors of neuronal function can be used to bidirectionally affect the behaviors and the activity of the involved neurons. Recent studies have shown that DREADDs were successfully used to treat the motor deficits of rats modeling Parkinson's disease. Other studies have had successes linking the usage of DREADDs and influencing drug seeking and drug sensitization behavior.

The progression of chemogenetics from rodents to non-human primates has been slow due to increased demand in time and expense surrounding these projects. However, some recent studies in 2016 have been able to demonstrate successes showing that silencing the activity of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex along with the removal of rhinal cortex, restricted the reward task performance in macaques.

Limitation and future directions
Chemogenetics and usage of DREADDs have allowed researchers to advance in biomedical research areas including many neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Chemogenetics have been used in these fields to induce specific and reversible brain lesions and therefore, study specific activities of neuron population. Although chemogenetics offers specificity and high spatial resolution, it still faces some challenges when used in investigating neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuropsychiatric disorders usually have a complex nature where lesions in the brain have not been identified as the main cause. Chemogenetics has been used to reverse some of the deficits revolving such conditions; however, it has not been able to identify the main cause of neuropsychiatric diseases and cure these conditions completely due to complex nature of these conditions. Nevertheless, chemogenetics has been used successfully in a preclinical model of drug-resistant epilepsy, where seizures arise from a discrete part of the brain.

See also
 Receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand

References

Chemical engineering
Neurology procedures
Neurotechnology
Neurophysiology
Neuropsychology
Genetics


title: Seaborn Networks

text:
Seaborn Networks is a developer, owner, and operator of submarine communications cables. Seaborn is the owner and operator of the Seabras-1 "submarine communications cable" between Brazil and the United States. Seabras-1 is fully operational (2017) and provides the first direct route between Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the United States. The system has branching units installed on certain of its fiber pairs that point towards Virginia Beach (US), Miami (US), St. Croix (US), Fortaleza (Brazil), Cape Town (South Africa), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Brazil South. Seaborn's ARBR subsea system (RFS Q2 2020) is a fully funded 4-fiber pair, 48Tbit/s system. ARBR will directly connect São Paulo, Brazil to Buenos Aires, Argentina. ARBR will connect to Seabras-1 in Seaborn's Praia Grande CLS enabling the most direct, lower latency connection between Argentina and the USA. Partners Group (symbol: PGHN) is providing full project equity capital for Seabras-1 and development capital was provided by Seaborn. Seabras-1 is owned jointly by Seaborn Networks and Partners Group. The US$520 million project funding for Seabras-1 has been completed. The project funding also includes a total project debt commitment of up to US$267 million provided by Natixis, Banco Santander, Commerzbank, and Intesa Sanpaolo, which debt is backed by COFACE, the French Export Credit Agency. Seabras-1  is the first direct point-to-point submarine cable system between the financial centers of the US and Brazil.

References

Submarine cables


title: The Other Bulgaria

text:
The Other Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Другата България) is a political party in Bulgaria that claims to represent Bulgarians living abroad. The party was founded on March 22, 2009 and is chaired by Bozhidar Tomalevski. Almost two months after its founding the party boasted 21,000 members in 26 countries.

The party was founded with the hopes of allowing Bulgarian émigrés to have a say in how their country is run. The party goal is to unite Bulgarians all over the globe.

The party ran in the 2009 parliamentary election and won only 3,455 votes (0.08%).

In their second parliamentary elections in 2013 the party won 2,497 votes (0.07%).

References

External links
 Official Party Website (Bulgarian)

Political parties in Bulgaria
Political parties established in 2009


title: Joseph Francis Donnelly

text:
Joseph Francis Donnelly (May 1, 1909 – June 30, 1977) was a bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Hartford from 1965 to 1977.

Biography
Born in Norwich, Connecticut, Donnelly was ordained a priest on June 29, 1934, for the Diocese of Hartford. On November 9, 1964 Pope Paul VI appointed him as the Titular Bishop of Nabala and Auxiliary Bishop of Hartford.  He was consecrated a bishop by Henry O'Brien, Archbishop of Hartford, on January 28, 1965. The principal co-consecrators were Vincent Hines, Bishop of Norwich, and John Hackett, Auxiliary Bishop of Hartford.  Donnelly was an ardent supporter of farm laborers and served as the Chairman of the Bishop's Committee on Farm Labor.  He also spent 20 years on the Connecticut Board of Mediation and Arbitration with fifteen of those years as its chairman.  He served as Hartford's auxiliary bishop until his death on June 30, 1977, at the age of 68.

References

External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford

1909 births
1977 deaths
Religious leaders from Norwich, Connecticut
20th-century American Roman Catholic titular bishops
Roman Catholic auxiliary bishops of Hartford
Catholics from Connecticut


title: Betzenberg Wildlife Park

text:
The Betzenberg Wildlife Park () in Kaiserslautern, Germany, was founded in 1970 with the aim of enabling the population to observe native species of animals - including those that used to live wild around Kaiserslautern but are no longer native there today.

Today the park also has a role in protecting species that are threatened by extinction, such as the Wisent and other endangered animals.
The park is home to owls, wild boar, lynx, mouflon, bred back tarpans, aurochs and other animals. It also has a woodland school in the middle of an old forest that, in places is 120 years old, as well as the Eichenkranz, a stand of trees estimated to be about 300 years old.
The park is open all year round and entry is free.

Notes

Kaiserslautern
Betzenberg
Zoos established in 1970
Wildlife parks


title: Enable Software

text:
Enable Software, Inc. was a privately held software development company located in Ballston Lake, New York. Enable was founded in 1984 by Ron Quake and Bob Hamilton.

The company's flagship product, called Enable was an integrated office suite for IBM PC compatibles. The suite included a word processor, a 3D spreadsheet, a relational database, and integrated communications. In 1992 Enable Office added electronic mail, and calendaring software. At that time, the company estimated it had more than one million users of its products. Enable 4.5 was released in April 1992, with support for OS/2 2.0. In 1993 it introduced JetForm for Enable, "a mail-enabled forms designer for Microsoft Windows."

Another Product of Enable, PowerLine, was a multi-protocol terminal client for Windows similar to Hyperterminal released in 1993.

Enable ceased operations in 1997. At that time, there were an estimated 190,000 active users of Enable products.

References

External links
 Review of Enable O/A 4.0

Defunct software companies of the United States
Defunct computer companies based in New York (state)
Software companies based in New York (state)
Software companies established in 1984
1984 establishments in New York (state)
Defunct companies based in New York (state)


title: Acceptance test-driven development

text:
Acceptance test–driven development (ATDD) is a development methodology based on communication between the business customers, the developers, and the testers. ATDD encompasses many of the same practices as specification by example (SBE), behavior-driven development (BDD), example-driven development (EDD), and support-driven development also called story test–driven development (SDD). All these processes aid developers and testers in understanding the customer's needs prior to implementation and allow customers to be able to converse in their own domain language.

ATDD is closely related to test-driven development (TDD). It differs by the emphasis on developer-tester-business customer collaboration. ATDD encompasses acceptance testing, but highlights writing acceptance tests before developers begin coding.

Overview

Acceptance tests are from the user's point of view – the external view of the system. They examine externally visible effects, such as specifying the correct output of a system given a particular input.  Acceptance tests can verify how the state of something changes, such as an order that goes from "paid" to "shipped".  They also can check the interactions with interfaces of other systems, such as shared databases or web services.  In general, they are implementation independent, although automation of them may not be.

Creation

Acceptance tests are created when the requirements are analyzed and prior to coding.  They can be developed collaboratively by requirement requester (product owner, business analyst, customer representative, etc.), developer, and tester.  Developers implement the system using the acceptance tests.  Failing tests provide quick feedback that the requirements are not being met.  The tests are specified in business domain terms.  The terms then form a ubiquitous language that is shared between the customers, developers, and testers. Tests and requirements are interrelated. A requirement that lacks a test may not be implemented properly.  A test that does not refer to a requirement is an unneeded test.  An acceptance test that is developed after implementation begins represents a new requirement.

Testing strategy

Acceptance tests are a part of an overall testing strategy. They are the customer tests that demonstrate the business intent of a system. Component tests are technical acceptance tests developed by an architect that specify the behavior of large modules.  Unit tests are created by the developer to drive easy-to-maintain code. They are often derived from acceptance tests and unit tests.  Cross-functional testing includes usability testing, exploratory testing, and property testing (scaling and security).

Acceptance criteria and tests

Acceptance criteria are a description of what would be checked by a test. Given a requirement such as "As a user, I want to check out a book from the library", an acceptance criterion might be, "verify the book is marked as checked out". An acceptance test for this requirement gives the details so that the test can be run with the same effect each time.

Test format

Acceptance tests usually follow this form:

Given (setup)

 A specified state of a system

When (trigger)

 An action or event occurs

Then (verification)

 The state of the system has changed or an output has been produced

Also, it is possible to add Statements that start with AND in any of the sections below (Given, When, Then).

For the example requirement, the steps could be listed as:Given Book that has not been checked out
And User who is registered on the system
When User checks out a book
Then Book is marked as checked out

Complete test

The previous steps do not include any specific example data, so that is added to complete the test:

Given:

 Book that has not been checked out

 User who is registered on the system

When:

 User checks out a book

Then:

 Book is marked as checked out

Test examination

Examination of the test with specific data usually leads to many questions. For the sample, these might be:

 What if the book is already checked out?
 What if the book does not exist?
 What if the user is not registered on the system?
 Is there a date that the book is due to be checked-in?
 How many books can a user check out?

These questions help illuminate missing or ambiguous requirements.  Additional details such as a due-date can be added to the expected result.  Other acceptance tests can check that conditions such as attempting to check out a book that is already checked out produces the expected error.

Another test example

Suppose the business customer wanted a business rule that a user could only check out one book at a time.  The following test would demonstrate that:

Scenario:
Check that checkout business rule is enforced

Given:

 Book that has been checked out

When:

 User checks out another book

Then:

 Error occurs

Project acceptance tests

In addition to acceptance tests for requirements, acceptance tests can be used on a project as a whole. For example, if this requirement was part of a library book checkout project, there could be acceptance tests for the whole project. These are often termed SMART objectives. An example test is "When the new library system is in production, the users will be able to check books in and out three times as fast as they do today".

See also

 Concordion
 FitNesse
 Robot Framework
 Gauge (software)
 Cucumber (software)

References

External links

 Example of automation frameworks

Software development philosophies
Software testing
Business analysis


title: Burnett & Reid

text:
Burnett & Reid LLP is a full service law firm in Aberdeen, Scotland. It claims to be the oldest legal practice in the city and one of the longest established legal practices in the United Kingdom.

Services
It is ranked in the UK Legal 500 for Private Client, and by Chambers & Partners for their expertise in Agricultural Law. The firm are also members of the ASPC. According to the firm's website, their full practice includes the areas of:

 Agricultural Law
 Commercial Property
 Corporate Law
 Litigation
 Oil & Gas Law
 Private Client
 Renewables
 Residential Property
 Trust Law

History

Burnett & Reid was first established by William Burnett on 11 July 1754, when Burnett was fully admitted to membership of Society of Advocates. William was eventually succeeded in the business by his sixth son, Thomas Burnett, who joined the business in 1796, and who in turn was joined in the business in 1823 by his son, Newell Burnett.

Following the death of his father, Newell Burnett assumed John Reid as a partner at which point the firm first began trading under the name of "Burnett & Reid".

References

Law firms of Scotland
Companies based in Aberdeen
1754 establishments in Scotland
British companies established in 1754
Law firms established in 1754


title: The Two and Only

text:
The Two and Only is the fourth studio album by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in 1979 via Warner Bros. Records/Curb Records. It reached #9 in the US country charts and #12 in Canada.

Three singles were released from the album. "Lovin' On" reached #16 in the US and #25 in the Canadian country charts in 1978. "If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me" reached #1 in the US country charts, #24 in the Canadian country charts, #3 in the UK and #2 in Switzerland. "You Ain't Just Whistlin' Dixie" reached #5 in the US and #11 in the Canadian country charts.

Track listing

Musicians
The Bellamy Brothers and the Dizzy Rambler Band
David and Howard Bellamy - lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar
Carl Chambers - lead and acoustic guitars
Jesse Chambers - bass guitar
Dannie Jones - steel guitar
Jon LaFrandre - keyboards
Rodney Price, Carlos Vega - drums

Production
Produced and Engineered by Michael Lloyd for Mike Curb Productions.
Second Engineer: Jim Crosby.
Mastered at Artisan by Bob McCloud.
Photography by George Whiteman.

References

External links
All Music

1979 albums
The Bellamy Brothers albums
Warner Records albums
Curb Records albums


title: Reticulated giraffe

text:
The reticulated giraffe (Giraffa reticulata or Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) is a species or subspecies of giraffe native to the Horn of Africa. It lives in Somalia, southern Ethiopia, and northern Kenya. There are approximately 8,500 individuals living in the wild.

Reticulated giraffes can interbreed with other giraffe species in captivity or if they come into contact with populations of other species in the wild.

Together with the Rothschild's giraffe, it is the giraffe most commonly seen in zoos. Its coat consists of large, polygonal, liver-colored spots outlined by a network of bright white lines. The blocks may sometimes appear deep red and may also cover the legs.

Taxonomy
The IUCN currently recognizes only one species of giraffe with nine subspecies, one of which is the reticulated giraffe. All living giraffes were originally classified as one species by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The subspecies was described and given a binomial name Giraffa reticulata by British zoologist William Edward de Winton in 1899.

Outside of other giraffe (sub)species, the closest living relative to G. reticulata is the Okapi. The common ancestor between these two species emerged at an estimated 11.5 mya. Other close relatives are members of the Cervidae family and Antilocapridae.

Distribution and habitat
Reticulated giraffes historically occurred widely throughout Northeast Africa. Their favored habitats are savannas, woodlands, seasonal floodplains, and rainforests.

Ecology
Reticulated giraffes are diel meaning they are active during the day and the night. They are most active during the early and late parts of the day due to their warmer environment. Their sleep patterns are usually short, consisting of no more than a couple hours at a time typically standing up. The home range of a G. reticulata is nonexclusive and usually overlapping with other individuals or groups. These home ranges include both males and females and vary in size depending on food resources, gender, and water availability. There is no evidence of territorial behavior between G. reticulata.

Diet and foraging habits
The Reticulated giraffe is a herbivore feeding on leaves, shoots, and shrubs. They spend most of their day feeding, roughly 13 hours/day. They are ruminant mammals, also known as foregut fermentation, which complements their high fiber diet. The only competition for food resources G. reticulata encounters is elephants (Proboscidea).

Social behavior
Reticulated giraffes can typically be seen in groups of 3-9, but there are instances of lone individuals. Kinship between females typically drives a group. Females are known to share protection of other young during predation.

Reproduction
Females display reproductive receptivity by emitting odor from their vaginal area and hindparts. The estrous cycle of a female is about 15 days. A male can enhance this scent by curling it's lip which assists in bringing the odor to the vomeronasal organ of the giraffe. Dominant males will guard estrus females from other competing males. When the male is ready to breed, he notifies the female by tapping the female's hindleg with his foreleg or by resting his head on the females back. Post-reproduction there is no long term bond between males and females.
The gestation period of G. reticulata is on average 445-457 days, producing one offspring. The occasion of producing two offspring is rare but documented. The female will give birth standing up, and the offspring will stand up anywhere between 5-20 minutes post-birth. Weaning age of the young varies anywhere between 6-17 months, and independence occurs at 2 years old.

Conservation
To save the remaining 9,000 or so reticulated giraffes, several conservation organizations have been formed. One of these organizations is San Diego Zoo Global's "Twiga Walinzi" (meaning Giraffe Guards) initiative. Their work includes hiring and training local Kenyans to monitor 120 trail cameras in Northern Kenya (Loisaba Conservancy and Namunyak Wildlife Conservancy) that capture footage of wild giraffes and other Kenyan wildlife; developing a photo ID database so individual giraffes can be tracked; informing rangers of poaching incidents and removing snares; caring for orphaned giraffes; and educating communities about giraffe conservation.

In captivity
Along with the Rothschild’s and the Masai giraffe, the reticulated giraffe is among the most-commonly seen in zoos. The Cheyenne Mountain Zoo in Colorado Springs, Colorado is said to have the largest reticulated giraffe herd in North America. Reticulated and Rothschild's giraffes have been bred together in the past. This was done because it was thought that the giraffe subspecies interbred in the wild. However, research published in 2016 found that they do not. Nevertheless, some zoos are still interbreeding them.

Few zoos or parks keep distinct, separate herds of Masai, Rothschild's and reticulated giraffes; all three can be seen at the San Diego Zoo (California) and its second facility, the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, while the Bronx Zoo (New York), Wildlife Safari (Oregon) and the UK’s Chester Zoo have solely Rothschild's giraffes. The Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (Colorado), Busch Gardens Tampa (Florida), the Maryland Zoo (Baltimore), Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo (Nebraska), the Louisville Zoo (Kentucky) and the Binder Park Zoo (Indiana) have solely reticulated giraffes.

References

Bercovitch FB, Berry PSM. 2009. Reproductive life history of Thornicroft's giraffe in Zambia. African Journal of Ecology. 48(2):535-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01145.x

Bercovitch FB, Berry PSM. 2012. Herd composition, kinship and fission-fusion social dynamics among wild giraffe. African Journal of Ecology. 51(2):206-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12024

Bercovitch FB, Deacon F. 2015. Gazing at a giraffe gyroscope: Where are we going? African Journal of Ecology. 53(2):135-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12222

Dagg AI. 2014. Giraffe: biology, behaviour and conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Fennessy J. 2009. Home range and seasonal movements of Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis in the northern Namib Desert. African Journal of Ecology. 47(3):318.

Pellew RA (1984b) The feeding ecology of a selective browser, the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi). Journal of Zoology 202: 57– 81.

Langman VA. 1977. Cow-calf relationships in giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). Ethology. 43(3):264-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1977.tb00074.x

Wilson DE, Mittermeier RA, editors. Handbook of the mammals of the world, volume 2. Barcelona (Spain): Lynx Edicions; c2011. Family Giraffidae, Hoofed Mammals; p. 788-802.

External links

 Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Giraffe Cam
 Saint Louis Zoo, Reticulated Giraffe
 The BIG zoo
 Saint Louis Zoo Article

reticulated giraffe
Mammals of Ethiopia
Mammals of Kenya
Mammals of Somalia
Fauna of East Africa
reticulated giraffe
reticulated giraffe
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN


title: Hotel King

text:
Hotel King () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Lee Dong-wook, Lee Da-hae, Lim Seul-ong, Wang Ji-hye, Lee Deok-hwa and Kim Hae-sook. It aired on MBC from April 5 to July 27, 2014, on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 32 episodes.

Lee Dong-wook and Lee Da-hae previously starred together in My Girl (2005).

Synopsis

A love story between an heiress who tries to save her father's legacy, the one and only seven-star hotel in the nation, and a hotel manager who becomes his mentor's enemy in order to protect her.

Cast

Main characters
Lee Dong-wook as Cha Jae-wan/Jayden/Baek Hyun-woo
The cool-headed, polished general manager of Hotel Ciel. Jae-wan hides a painful past; his unknown father had abandoned him and his mother to a life of poverty. Yet Jae-wan rises from his miserable beginnings to become the youngest ever general manager with such steely competence that he earns himself the nickname of "hotel monster." A succession battle ignites when Jae-wan is told that his biological father was Chairman Ah, the recently deceased owner of Hotel Ciel.

Lee Da-hae as Ah Mo-ne/Bok-Soon
Mo-ne is an heiress, the only daughter of the chairman of Hotel Ciel, the only seven-star hotel in Korea. Upon her father's death, she becomes the hotel's primary successor. But Mo-ne is utterly unqualified to take over the business, having lived a pampered, sheltered life, coupled with her flighty, unpredictable personality which makes her cheerfully barge into the executive ranks with nary a care for propriety or tact. But once the hotel faces a crisis, she must rise to the occasion and struggle to protect it.

Wang Ji-hye as Song Chae-kyung
The owner of Hotel Ciel's Hamill restaurant, and Jae-wan's ex-girlfriend. She is the widow of the former chairman of the wealthy GR Group. Regretting her choice of marrying another man for money, Chae-kyung tries to win back Jae-wan's love.

Lim Seul-ong as Sunwoo Hyun
An optimistic, loud and hard working hotel concierge, Hyun is often at odds with Jae-wan. Hyun is assigned to help out Mo-ne when she first comes to Hotel Ciel, teaching her the ropes and bailing her out of scrapes. As he grows to care for her, he becomes even more determined to help Mo-ne save the hotel. It is later revealed that he is the son of the owner of a farm.

Lee Deok-hwa as Lee Joong-goo
Vice chairman of Hotel Ciel. He tells Jae-wan that he is the biological son of Chairman Ah, owner of Hotel Ciel, and takes the young man under his wing, promising to turn Jae-wan into the best in the business and make him king. It is later revealed that he is, in fact, Jae-wan's biological father.

Kim Hae-sook as Baek Mi-nyeo
Training manager of Hotel Ciel. It is later revealed that her real name is Baek Mi-yeon, and that she was Ah Sung-won's former lover and Cha Jae-wan's biological mother. She schemes to destroy Hotel Ciel in order to avenge the death of her real son (Hyun-woo/Jae-wan).

Jin Tae-hyun as Roman Lee/Lee Ju-han
A prospective investor of Hotel Ciel, who is later revealed to be Baek Mi-nyeo's son and a blood brother to Cha Jae-wan. He shares the same past as Cha Jae-wan and is a brother figure to him.

Supporting characters
Gong Hyun-joo as Cha Soo-an
The highly educated hotel VIP supervisor, who looks up highly upon Cha Jae-wan. One of the four specialists brought in by General Manager Cha Jae-wan from his former workplace in Las Vegas to assist him in the hotel. Later, she helps Jae-wan and Mo-ne to retrieve the hotel again.

Alex Chu as Yoo Joon-sung
The Food & Kitchen Team Leader, who is friendly and flirtatious. One of the four specialists brought in by General Manager Cha Jae-wan from his former workplace in Las Vegas to assist him in the hotel. It is revealed later that Joon-sung has been secretly helping to Manager Baek Mi-nyeo, much to the dismay of his friends.

Kim Sun-hyuk as Hong Joon
The Guest Room Team Leader, who has a bad temper. One of the four specialists brought in by General Manager Cha Jae-wan from his former workplace in Las Vegas to assist him in the hotel.

Go Yoon as Park Do-jin
The Concierge Team Leader, who often uses English to taunt the locally educated employees. One of the four specialists brought in by General Manager Cha Jae-wan from his former workplace in Las Vegas to assist him in the hotel.

Park Chul-min as Jang Ho-il
The Guest Room Manager who is narcissistic and often spreads rumours. He was under the assumption that So Moon-jung had a crush on him.

Jung Suk-yong as Go San
Fondly known as "Captain Go", he is a concierge at Hotel Ciel. In a relationship with So Moon-jung.

Ji Il-joo as Jin Jung-hyun
A front-desk concierge at Hotel Ciel along with Yoon Da-jung, with whom he develops a romantic interest in.

Kim Ye-won as Yoon Da-jung
A front-desk concierge at Hotel Ciel who dreams of marrying a rich suitor.

Yoo Se-hyung as Eun Joon-jae
Kim Sung-young as So Moon-jung
A maid at Hotel Ciel who constantly creates rumours and gossips about people in the hotel. In a relationship with Go San.

Kim Kyu-sun as Ha So-yeon
A maid at Hotel Ciel.

Goo Bon-im as Madam Kim
A maid at Hotel Ciel.

Cha Hak-yeon as Noah
A bright and lively hotel employee.

Lee Do-yeon as Lee Ip-sae
Lee Sang-mi as Yoon Ji-won
Lee Joong-goo's wife and Lee Da-bae's mother. She is a well-known philanthropist and poetry writer.

Seo Yi-an as Lee Da-bae
Lee Joong-goo's daughter and Cha Jae-wan's half sister. She is a jovial girl, who enjoys helping society.

Choi Sang-hoon as Ah Sung-won
The deceased Chairman of Hotel Ciel and Ah Mo-ne's father.

Yoo Gun as John Howard
Cho Yoon-woo as Yoo Joo-min (cameo, ep 17)
Lee Joo-yeon as Chae-won (cameo, ep 31–32)
A proud and bossy top celebrity.

Kim Ha-rin as Baek Mi-yeon

Production
The first script reading took place in February 2014.

Original soundtrack

The official soundtrack album for Hotel King was released on July 25, 2014. It was the debut foray of the famous Korean online auction and shopping mall Inter Park to the music industry business.

Ratings
In the tables below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.

Awards and nominations

International broadcast
The series became very popular in China and has recorded the second highest TV ratings among Korean dramas on Baidu during its run. It has also been the number one Korean drama on iQiyi, a Chinese video website, reaching more than 200 million views, and the 5th most popular drama in China during its run.

It aired in Japan on cable channel KNTV from May 5 to September 15, 2014.

It aired in Thailand on Workpoint TV beginning July 23, 2014.

It aired in Vietnam on VTV and on HTV2 cable channel with a local title of Vua khách sạn from April 2, 2015.

It aired in Taiwan on GTV starting May 6, 2015.

It aired on Oh!K, a subscription pay cable and satellite television channel currently available in Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei.

It is airing on NTDTV KXLA 44.7 starting on March 25, 2016, 11:00 pm (localtime)

References

External links
Hotel King official MBC website
Hotel King at MBC Global Media

2014 South Korean television series debuts
2014 South Korean television series endings
MBC TV television dramas
Korean-language television shows
Television series set in hotels
South Korean melodrama television series
South Korean romance television series


title: List of awards and nominations received by Conan O'Brien

text:
The following is a list of awards and nominations received by television host, comedian, writer, and producer Conan O'Brien. He has served as a writer for Saturday Night Live (1987-1991), The Simpsons (1991-1993), before embarking on late night television with his own shows, Late Night with Conan O'Brien (1993-2009), The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (2009-2010), and Conan (2010-2021).

O'Brien has received various awards including 28 Primetime Emmy Award nominations including four wins for his work on Saturday Night Live, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Conan and Conan Without Borders. He also received six Writers Guild of America Awards for Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

Major associations

Primetime Emmy Awards

Writers Guild of America Awards

Miscellaneous awards

American Comedy Awards

CableAce Awards

Critics' Choice Awards

GLAAD Media Awards

iHeartRadio Podcast Awards

People's Choice Awards

Teen Choice Awards

Latin Grammy

References

External links

Lists of awards received by American actor
Lists of awards received by writer
awards and nominations


title: 2014 Belgrade City Assembly election

text:
The local election for the City Assembly of Belgrade, capital of Serbia, was held on 16 March 2014, alongside parliamentary election. The election was scheduled in late 2013, after the mayor Dragan Đilas lost a non-confidence motion in the assembly. Twenty-three parties and coalitions ran for 110 seats in the Assembly, with 5% election threshold required to win seats.

According to the final results, parliamentary winner Serbian Progressive Party also won 43.62% votes in Belgrade, and an absolute majority of 63 seats. Only three more lists surpassed the threshold: Democratic Party of Dragan Đilas with 15.7% of votes (22 seats), Socialist Party of Serbia with partners took 11.49% (16 seats) and Democratic Party of Serbia won 6.39% (9 seats).

Background
The aftermath of the 2012 elections was radical; then's incumbent president Boris Tadić lost to the oppositions counter-opponent Tomislav Nikolić. This effectively led to a change of the ruling majority with the Progressives ousting and replacing the Democrats (see for more detail: Cabinet of Ivica Dačić). The result of the local elections, however, were considerably in favor of the Democrats and it was easy enough for mayor Dragan Đilas to secure a second term with a coalition of his coalition (DS along with its minor partners, the Social Democratic Party of Serbia and the Serbian Renewal Movement) with the SPS-PUPS-JS, lacking but a single vote for a majority. Over the following months there were some serious changes within the DS, with early party elections and Tadic's stepping down from the race acceding defeat and settling with an honorary presidential title, and Djilas becoming party leader; it was quickly followed by significant party-purges of those that took part in the 2008–2012 government due to political responsibility.

Subsequent changes as a result were a swift decline of the DS in the opinion polls (including withdrawal from politics of a significant number of individuals, as well as a fraction breaking off and forming a new political party under the leadership of former minister Dušan Petrović called Together for Serbia) and SNS' plummeting. It led to after restructuring the government only PUPS remaining in support of Đilas by late 2013, with more and more pressure for an early election in Belgrade. In the end he was outvoted in late September 2013 and the government named a provisional team to administer the capital city until early elections, headed by acting mayor Siniša Mali who is closely associated with the SNS. Many parties and individuals participated in the provisional local government, but the DS withdrew from it early on; the long-lasting enforced government was perceived by the Democrats as a tyrannical act aimed at weakening their position and strengthening the Progressives' chances. As per the constitution and according laws, elections for Belgrade were finally scheduled in early 2014 for 16 March 2014.

This led to a chain of results with the Progressives deciding to go on early parliamentary elections simultaneously, bringing down Ivica Dačić's government.

Electoral lists
The following are the electoral lists in the capital city so far proclaimed by the City Electoral Commission:

M — National minority list

Campaign
All lists endorse the forthcoming Pride parade in Belgrade, except for the DSS.

The Representative Organizations of the Disabled Persons of Belgrade had signed a Protocol with the DS.

Opinion polls
According to Factor Plus, 20–26 January:
 SNS: 37.4%
 DS: 22.8%
 SPS: 9.1%
 DSS: 7.4%

Below threshold:
 LDP: 4.8%
 URS: 2.6%

According to a poll of the "Nina Media" research agency and TV Prva conducted after elections were scheduled in early 2014:
 SNS: 40.8%
 DS: 21.3%
 SPS: 9.9%
 DSS: 8.4%

Other parties are below the electoral threshold.

According to 24–25 February Faktor plus poll:
 42.5% SNS
 17.4% DS
 8.9% SPS-PUPS-JS
 6.8% DSS
 6.6% LDP
 5.2% NDS

Results
The following are the final results proclaimed by the City Electoral Commission:

References

Local elections in Serbia
LOc
2010s in Belgrade
Elections in Belgrade
March 2014 events in Europe


title: Dolphins - Spy in the Pod

text:
Dolphins - Spy in the Pod is a British factual television series that was first broadcast on BBC One on 2 January 2014. The two-part series was narrated by David Tennant and produced by John Downer Productions. The series was also broadcast by Discovery Channel in the US.

Production
Approximately 900 hours of filming took place over the course of one year. Remote-control underwater "spy cameras" disguised as sea creatures - including dolphins, ray, sea turtle, tuna, squid, nautilus and pufferfish - allowed the film-makers to get close-up footage of natural dolphin behaviour. Bottlenose dolphins, spinner dolphins, humpback dolphins and killer whales were filmed for the series. The documentary is known for speculating that dolphins "deliberately get high on puffer fish toxins".

Episode list

Reception

Ratings
The first episode was watched by 20.4% of the viewing audience. According to overnight figures, the second episode was watched by 3.56 million viewers, with an audience share of 15.1%.

Critical reception
Ellen E. Jones of The Independent compared the second episode to "the visual equivalent of one of those "Sounds of the Ocean" CDs that insomniacs use to drift off. Nothing but calm blue seas as far as the eye can see, and the soothing Scots coo of narrator David Tennant." Benji Wilson of The Daily Telegraph also gave it four stars out of five and said his only criticism was its format being too similar to Penguins: Spy in the Huddle, a BBC series broadcast the previous year. The Guardian Sam Wollaston called the narration "punny".

In February 2014, animal rights campaigners from Animal Defenders International accused the filmmakers of exploiting a captive dolphin at a marine park in Honduras to obtain some of the footage used in the series. The claims were rejected by the BBC and John Downer Productions, as the dolphin used was a tame individual free to move in the open ocean and the marine park.

Home media
The series was released on DVD on 10 February 2014 and on Blu-ray on 17 February 2014.

See also
BBC Wildlife Specials

References

External links

2014 British television series debuts
2010s British documentary television series
English-language television shows
Discovery Channel original programming
BBC television documentaries


title: Mesene (butterfly)

text:
Mesene is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present in the Neotropical realm.

Riodinidae Mesene exhibit many color variations and combinations and vary by geographic region. The males have triangular, pointed, brightly coloured forewings and small ellipsoidal hindwings. In the wing veins the species exhibit great conformity, the second subcostal vein, the upper median vein in the forewing as well as in the hindwing rise before the cell-end. They rest well hidden on the under surface of leaves but fly when disturbed somewhat like geometrids for about 10 to 20 metres always keeping in the middle of the forest roads, in order to drop again into another bush. The larvae are lycaenid like, somewhat like woodlice, fluffily haired; that of M. phareus lives on the extremely poisonous Paullinia pinnata to the leaf of which also the small greenish-yellow pupa is spun.

Species
Mesene babosa Hall & Willmott, 1995 present in Ecuador
Mesene bomilcar (Stoll, 1790) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
Mesene celetes Bates, 1868 present in Venezuela and Brazil
Mesene citrinella Hall & Willmott, 1995 present in Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil
Mesene croceella Bates, 1865 present in Mexico and Costa Rica
Mesene cyneas (Hewitson, 1874) present in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru
Mesene epaphus (Stoll, 1780) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Brazil
Mesene florus (Fabricius, 1793) present in Brazil
Mesene hyale C. & R. Felder, 1865 present in Colombia
Mesene ingrumaensis Callaghan & Salazar, 1999 present in Colombia
Mesene leucophrys Bates, 1868 present in Suriname, Brazil and Peru
Mesene leucopus Godman & Salvin, [1886] present in Guatemala
Mesene margaretta (White, 1843) present in Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela
Mesene monostigma (Erichson, [1849]) present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela and Brazil
Mesene mygdon Schaus, 1913 present in Costa Rica and Panama
Mesene nepticula Möschler, 1877 present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil
Mesene nola Herrich-Schäffer, [1853] present in Suriname, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil
Mesene paraena Bates, 1868 present in Brazil
Mesene patawa Brévignon, 1995 present in French Guiana
Mesene phareus (Cramer, [1777]) present in Mexico, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil and Peru
Mesene philonis Hewitson, 1874 present in Brazil
Mesene pyrippe Hewitson, 1874 present in Brazil
Mesene sardonyx Stichel, 1910 present in Colombia
Mesene silaris Godman & Salvin, 1878 present in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala and Peru
Mesene simplex Bates, 1868 present in Brazil
Mesene veleda Stichel, 1923 present in Brazil

Sources
Mesene sur funet

External links
images representing Mesene at eol
TOL

Riodininae
Riodinidae of South America
Butterfly genera
Taxa named by Edward Doubleday


title: Perimeter Church

text:
Perimeter Church is a megachurch in Johns Creek, Georgia. It is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church in America, and has approximately between 4,000-5,000 members. The church was founded by Rev. Randy Pope. He is currently the President of Life on Life Ministries, and is the author of four books including  "Insourcing: Bringing Discipleship Back to the Local Church" and a discipleship curriculum used globally entitled "The Journey". In September 2019, the role of lead teacher and directional leader transitioned to Jeff Norris.

Facility
Perimeter Church is located on 110 acres in North Fulton County at 9500 Medlock Bridge Road. About 5 acres of the property includes 2 lakes. There is parking for about 2,000 cars. To facilitate activities for Perimeter School, the church also has a Junior Olympic Swimming Pool, 200 meter track and field, 2 baseball fields that can be converted into 3 soccer fields, and a full ropes course along with a picnic pavilion.

Completed in August 1996, the heart of Perimeter Church, Buildings A & B, are 140,000 square feet. It features a 2300-seat auditorium, a fellowship hall, a gym, and classrooms for Perimeter School. In 2004, renovations added a Youth Auditorium that seats 800 along with a bookstore to the facility. Building C, originally completed in 2000, is the hub for Children's ministries containing the nursery, children's ministry auditorium, and more school classrooms. The 7,000 square foot Annex and Church Offices buildings were completed in 2008. The Day Chapel and Ministry Center were completed in October 2010. The chapel seats 462. Founders Chapel is an outdoor chapel that seats 40. It was completed in 2014.

As of late May 2017, a new 9000 square foot atrium and cafe have been established by the main entrance of the church, as well as a new relocated bookstore.  The construction project received a first place 2018 “Build Georgia Award” from the trade organization, Associated General Contractors of Georgia.

Multisite Church
Perimeter was a pioneer modern Multi-site church.  Randy Pope founded it with a four part vision:
”one local congregation” with one hundred locations around Atlanta;
”one senior pastor with local pastors at each congregation”;
“one board with three representatives from ‘each congregation’”; and
”one overall program of outreach conducted through each specific congregation”.
The main church was founded in 1977.  The second congregation, Perimeter West, was founded in Marietta, Georgia in 1980.  There were four congregations as of 1990.  There were forty congregations as of 2017.

Notable Leaders
Laura Elvington, the church’s Executive Director of Worship Environments and Resources, won the 2012 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Song

References

External links

Presbyterian Church in America churches in Georgia
Duluth, Georgia
Presbyterian megachurches in the United States
Megachurches in Georgia


title: Cunning Single Lady

text:
Cunning Single Lady (; lit. "Devious Woman Who's Single Again") is a 2014 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Lee Min-jung and Joo Sang-wook as a divorced couple who rekindles their romance. It aired on MBC from February 27 to April 24, 2014 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

Plot
Na Ae-ra grew up believing she was born to be only pretty and not smart. While working at her family's restaurant, she falls in love with Cha Jung-woo, a geeky engineering graduate student preparing to enter civil service. Na Ae-ra wants to become a housewife, and after Jung-woo promises that she will be, they get married. During their 100th day wedding celebration, Jung-woo announces that he has quit his job because he has an idea for a business. Jung-woo's businesses keep failing and Ae-ra struggles to keep them afloat by working multiple jobs. After secretly suffering a miscarriage from the stress of being the sole breadwinner and living in poverty, Ae-ra divorces Jung-woo after four years of marriage. Three years after the divorce, Ae-ra discovers that Jung-woo has become fabulously successful and wealthy, while she is still paying debts that accrued during their marriage. The fun begins when Ae-ra schemes for revenge, with Jung-woo believing that Ae-ra wants him back because he has become wealthy.

Cast

Main characters
Lee Min-jung as Na Ae-ra
Beautiful but flighty, Ae-ra initially cares more about honing her looks over her life skills. Upon marriage to Jung-woo, she dreams of becoming a housewife but finds herself shouldering the sole burden of their financial needs for four years, until frustration and exhaustion drives her to divorce him. But after learning of his success, she schemes to ostensibly win back her ex-husband by becoming an intern at his company, though what she really wants from him is a belated apology and a "thank you".

Joo Sang-wook as Cha Jung-woo
Despite being an engineering genius, he was initially studying to become a civil servant when he meets and marries Ae-ra. To her shock, Jung-woo suddenly announces that he's quitting to become a software developer instead. Years of his business failures lead to their divorce. Jung-woo eventually creates DonTalk, a WhatsApp-like text-over-data app that becomes Korea's No.1 social networking application. Thus Jung-woo transforms from a geeky loser into the self-made, successful president of D&T Software Ventures, a venture capital firm.

Kim Gyu-ri as Gook Yeo-jin
Smart, elegant, and capable, Yeo-jin possesses a keen insight and determination that can be intimidating, particularly given that she was born with the disposition of a boss. She is an heiress, being the daughter of the chairman of D&T Software Ventures, where she works as a director. She nurses painful scars from a past love, but falls for her business partner Jung-woo because of his warm personality, becoming Ae-ra's rival for his heart.

Seo Kang-joon as Gook Seung-hyun
Yeo-jin's younger brother, who was once tutored by Jung-woo when he was in high school. Good-looking, rich, and caring, Seung-hyun is seemingly a perfect guy. Upon his return to Korea from overseas, he gets hired at DonTalk despite his resistance to working a desk job at his father's company; but to avoid preferential treatment, he hides his real identity. Among his fellow interns is Ae-ra, and he becomes attracted to her, notwithstanding their eight-year age difference.

Supporting characters
Kim Myung-soo as Gil Yo-han
Yo-han was the part-time clerk at the PC bang where Jung-woo practically lived when he was broke, and when he hits it big, he takes the kid along and hires him as his personal secretary. The two have a devoted friendship, particularly since Yo-han was by Jung-woo's side while he was suffering through his divorce.

Hwang Bo-ra as Kang Min-young
Ae-ra's best friend.

Lee Byung-joon as Oh Byung-joon
Managing director, and Chairman Gook's right-hand man.

Choi Cheol-ho as Kim Jung-won
Manager of the mobile shopping team.

Im Ji-eun as Wang Ji-hyun
Team leader of the mobile shopping team.

 Lee Hwa-kyum as Pi Song-hee
Fresh out of university, Song-hee is a new employee at D&T Software Ventures. She pretends to be quiet most of the time but is actually a seductress.

Kim Jae-hwa as Oh Bang-soon
Ae-ra's frenemy.

Lee Jung-gil as Gook Yong-geol
Yeo-jin and Seung-hyun's father. The chairman of D&T Software Ventures.

Kim Yong-hee as Na Soo-cheol
Ae-ra's troublemaker older brother. He escapes to Seoul after a failed business in Vietnam. Soo-cheol only manages to survive with the help of his sister, and he accepts the alimony money from Jung-woo that Ae-ra had already rejected.

Kim Eung-soo as Na Gab-soo
Ae-ra's father.

Kwon Ki-sun as Jang Sook-ja
Ae-ra's mother.

Kim Ye-ryeong as Lee Eun-hwa
Yeo-jin and Seung-hyun's mother.

Kim Ho-young as Jung-woo's father
Byun Eun-young as Jung-woo's mother
--- as Cha Jung-sook
Jung-woo's older sister.

--- as Cha Jung-ran
Jung-woo's younger sister.

Choi Joo-hee as Yeo-jin's secretary
 Kim Bup-rae

Cameo appearances
In Gyo-jin as man no. 1
Lee Jung-eun as salon director
Wang Bit-na as Yeo-jin's college roommate who went on a blind date with Jung-woo (ep. 2)
Oh Na-mi as S-line lady
Kim Sung-kyun as head of IT security (ep. 3)
Ricky Kim as Yeo-jin's first love who died in a car accident soon after they got married (ep. 5)
Choi Eun-kyung as matchmaking MC
Yeom Dong-heon as middle-aged man
Yang Hee-kyung as restaurant ajumma
Lee Jong-soo as Robert Kim
Alice as booking lady (ep. 10)
Kwon Nara as booking lady (ep. 10)
Kim Da-hyun as Kim Chang-soo, CEO of Shilla Hotel (ep. 12-13)
Lee Han-wi as doctor
Choi Kyu-hwan as Kim Chang-gyu

Production
The screenplay won the Encouragement prize at MBC's 2012 Script Contest (serial section).

Ratings
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings. The final two episodes were not aired as originally scheduled due to media coverage on the sinking of the MV Sewol.

Awards and nominations

Original soundtrack

Notes

References

External links
Cunning Single Lady official MBC website
Cunning Single Lady at MBC Global Media

2014 South Korean television series debuts
2014 South Korean television series endings
MBC TV television dramas
Korean-language television shows
South Korean romantic comedy television series
Television series by IOK Media


title: House of Sarkar

text:
The House of Sarkar was a ruling clan of the Shirvan Khanate from the Khanchobany tribe. "Sarkar" means "tax collector," which hints at the profession of an early progenitor.

Before reign
The first mention of the dynasty dates back to 1721, during Haji Davud's uprising, when he deposed the local ruler of Shamakhy who was a member of Sarkar clan. Upon founding of the Shirvan Khanate by Nadir shah in 1734, Allahverdi beg Sarkar controlled several towns. After Allahverdi beg died in 1767, his sons Aghasi Khan and Muhammad Said khan Sarkar rose up against Hajji Muhammad Ali Khan, starting a diarchy in the Shirvan Khanate. Another brother Agharazi beg Sarkar was also mentioned as a ruler of a khanate with the ancient "Shirvanshah" title.

Reign
The House of Sarkar ruled Shirvan until 1820. The following is a list of rulers:
 Aghasi Khan & Muhammad Said khan Sarkar (together) (1763 - 1768 )
 Aghasi Khan (1778 - 1786)
 Askar Khan (1786 - 1789)
 Qasim Khan (1789 - 1796)
 Mostafa Khan of Shirvan (1796 - 1820)

Decline
The last reigning member Mostafa Khan of Shirvan favored an expansionist policy which caught the attention of Russia. However, Khan submitted to Alexander I and was awarded the rank of general-lieutenant in 1805 while secretly attempting to maintain independence. He defected to Qajar Iran in 1820, which resulted in the disestablishment of his Khanate and its full incorporation to Russian Empire. Mustafa Khan managed to regain his throne in 1826 during the Russo-Persian War, but lost again in 1828 and was forced to live in Iran until his death in 1844, being buried in Shamakhy. Some of their descendants became military officers in the Imperial Russian Army such as Javad khan Shirvanski.

References

Positions of authority
18th century in Azerbaijan
19th century in Azerbaijan
Middle Eastern dynasties


title: Electoral history of Chris Christie

text:
This is the electoral history of Chris Christie, the former Governor of New Jersey.

Elections

2016
Christie formally launched his 2016 presidential campaign on June 30, 2015, at his high school in Livingston, New Jersey. He had already laid the groundwork for a presidential run by starting a PAC in 2015. He had already launched his campaign website on June 27. At the announcement he stated that both political parties had "failed our country", and called for more compromise in politics. "I am now ready to fight for the people," Christie said in his announcement speech. "I am proud to announce my candidacy for the Republican nomination for the presidency of the United States of America."

He spent considerable time in Iowa in 2014 laying groundwork. He had little expectation to win the Iowa caucus. He placed 10th in a field of 12 candidates with 1.8% of the ballots cast. Having claimed he would be "number one" of the state governors running, he came in 4th amongst governors.

Christie then shifted the focus of much of his campaign's effort in winning the New Hampshire Republican primary, for which a former Governor's Office staff member and political operative began working in winter 2014.  Christie campaigned extensively using a town meeting format, but in polls before the primary he slipped and fell behind. He spent 70 days in the state. In the New Hampshire debate he attacked candidate Marco Rubio. He placed sixth in a field of nine in the New Hampshire primary on February 9.

Christie subsequently endorsed Donald Trump on February 26, 2016 and began campaigning for him.

2013
Christie easily won the Republican nomination, and he went on to defeat Democrat Buono in a landslide by 22 points after consistently leading in polling. As of 2022, this is the last time a Republican won the governorship of New Jersey or won any statewide election. This is also the last time the counties of Bergen, Burlington, Camden, Middlesex, Mercer, Passaic, and Union voted for the Republican candidate in a statewide election.

Christie was criticized for spending an additional $12–25 million of state money to hold a special election for United States Senator for New Jersey three weeks earlier on October 16, instead of simply holding the special election on November 5, concurrent with the already scheduled gubernatorial election. The Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate was Newark mayor Cory Booker. Buono said it was hypocritical, speculating that Booker's presence on the ballot would attract more black and other minority voters who would be likely to vote for Buono.

Christie defeated Seth Grossman by an overwhelming margin in the Republican primary in June.

2009
On January 8, 2009, Christie filed papers to run for governor. He won the primary and received the party's nomination.

On July 20, 2009, Christie announced that he had chosen Kimberly Guadagno, Monmouth County sheriff, to complete his campaign ticket as a candidate for lieutenant governor. Guadagno, who was elected sheriff in 2007, had previously served on the Monmouth Beach Board of Adjustment, and also as an assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey.

Christie faced criticism for his acceptance of $23,800 in campaign contributions (and the resulting $47,600 in public finance matching funds) from a law firm that received a federal monitor contract while Christie served as the state's U.S. Attorney. In 2006, Christie approved a deferred prosecution agreement with the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey after it admitted committing Medicare fraud. He appointed Herbert Stern, a former federal judge and prosecutor, to the $500-per-hour post of federal monitor. Christie's close friend and fundraiser John Inglesino, a partner in Stern's law firm, was paid $325 per hour for his work as counsel on the monitorship. Stern's law firm, Stern and Killcullen, received reported more than $10 million in legal fees from the contract. Stern, Inglesino, a third partner, and their wives have since each made the maximum contribution of $3,400 to Christie's gubernatorial campaign.

On November 3, Christie defeated incumbent Democratic governor Jon Corzine by a margin of 48.5% to 44.9%, with 5.8% of the vote going to independent candidate Chris Daggett.

He chose not to move his family into Drumthwacket, the official governor's mansion and remained in Mendham, New Jersey.

In the primary on June 2, Christie won the Republican nomination with 55% of the vote, defeating conservative opponents Steve Lonegan (42%) and Rick Merkt (3%), the latter of whom was Christie's former running mate.

1997
Christie finished behind John J. Murphy, fellow incumbent Frank J. Druetzler, and Cecilia G. Laureys, whom Christie and John C. O'Keeffe helped upset in 1994.

1995
Christie, along with running mate Rick Merkt, challenged incumbent Anthony Bucco and Michael Carroll in the primary as a pro-choice candidate who supported a ban on assault weapons. Bucco and Carroll, the establishment candidates, defeated Christie and Merkt by a wide margin.

1994
In 1994, Christie was elected as a Republican to the Board of Chosen Freeholders, or legislators, for Morris County, New Jersey, after he and a running mate, John C. O'Keeffe, defeated incumbent freeholders Cecilia G. Laureys and Edward A. Tamm in the Republican party primary.

References

Chris Christie
Christie, Chris
Christie, Chris
Christie, Chris


title: Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1966 film)

text:
Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (Alibaba And 40 Thieves) is 1966 Hindi adventure fantasy film produced and directed by Homi Wadia and starring Sanjeev Kumar in the lead role. The film is based on Ali Baba's story from One Thousand and One Nights.

Plot
Ali Baba finds a cave of treasures belonging to a gang of bandits. When the bandits realize there have been intruders, they seek revenge. Ali Baba must try to outwit who are trying leader of the 40 thieves who are trying to find and kill him.

Cast

 Sanjeev Kumar as Ali Baba
 L. Vijayalaxmi as Princess Marjina
 David as Baba Mustafa
 Indira as Mir Qasim's wife, Ali Baba's sister-in-law
 Tabassum as Gulbadan
 Kamal Mehra as Aflatoon
 S. N. Tripathi as Mir Qasim
 B. M. Vyas as Daku Sardar
 Amarnath
 Veena as Razia, Ali Baba's elder sister
 Bhagawan Sinha
 Raj Rani
 Ramlal
 Yunus Parvez
 Prince Arjun
 Madhumati as Dancer
 Laxmi Chhaya as Qwali Dancer
 Aruna
 Sukale
 Bismilla
 Mithoo Miya
 Samson
 Korega
 Yadav
 Tun Tun

Soundtrack
Usha Khanna composed the film's music while lyricists Asad Bhopali, Prem Dhawan and Javed Anwar penned the songs.

References

External links

1966 films
1960s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Homi Wadia
Films based on Ali Baba


title: Mehdi Zamani

text:
Mehdi Zamani (; born 20 December 1989) is an Iranian track and field sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres, who was banned for two years for doping.

Career
He started out as an 800 metres runner. He placed sixth in that event at the 2010 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships, held in Tehran, and anchored the 4×400 metres relay team to the gold medal (his first international podium finish).

He was banned from competition for two years from June 2011 to 2013 after a positive doping test for the banned steroid methandienone.

He returned to action in 2013 as a sprint specialist and after the expiry of his doping ban helped break the Iranian record of 39.69 seconds for the 4×100 metres relay, running alongside Reza Ghasemi, Ali Reza Habibi, and Hassan Taftian. At the 2014 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships, he won the individual 400 metres gold medal after setting a personal best of 47.62 seconds to win at the Iranian Championships.

See also
List of doping cases in athletics

References

External links

Living people
1989 births
Iranian male sprinters
Doping cases in athletics
Iranian sportspeople in doping cases
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Iran
21st-century Iranian people
Place of birth missing (living people)


Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Histologically, the tumor has a fibrous capsule and contains multiple cysts with clear cells.

1-5% of renal cell carcinomas are MCRCC.

References

Kidney cancer


title: Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma

text:
Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma.

References

Kidney cancer


Thyroid-like follicular renal cell carcinoma is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma.

References

Kidney cancer


Acquired cystic kidney disease-associated renal cell carcinoma is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma. It is most commonly seen in people with end-stage kidney disease who have a much higher risk of developing acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Affected individuals have small kidneys with several cysts and their risk of renal cell carcinoma is 30 times higher than people without ACKD.

Bloody urine and flank pain in a person with end-stage kidney disease raise suspicion for ACKD-associated renal cell carcinoma. Although people with ACKD have a substantially higher risk of renal cell carcinoma, routine screening is not recommended. ACKD-associated renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon cause of death for people with end-stage kidney disease.

References

External links

Kidney cancer


Renal cell carcinoma with t(6;11) translocation or TFEB-amplified Renal Cell Carcinomas is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma.  The t(6;11)(p21;q12) translocation fuses the Alpha (MALAT1) gene with the TFEB transcription factor gene, resulting in upregulated expression of TFEB which leads to expression of melanocytic markers.

References

Kidney cancer


title: Potential-induced degradation

text:
Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a potential-induced performance degradation in crystalline photovoltaic modules, caused by so-called stray currents. This effect may cause power loss of up to 30 percent.

The cause of the harmful leakage currents, besides the structure of the solar cell, is the voltage of the individual photovoltaic (PV) modules to the ground. In most ungrounded PV systems, the PV modules with a positive or negative voltage to the ground are exposed to PID. PID occurs mostly at negative voltage with respect to the ground potential and is accelerated by high system voltages, high temperatures, and high humidity.

History
The term "potential-induced degradation" (PID) was first introduced in the English language in a published study by S. Pingel and coworkers in 2010. It was introduced as a degradation mode resulting from voltage potential between the cells in the photovoltaic module and ground.  Research in this field was pioneered by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, focusing primarily on electrochemical degradation in crystalline silicon  and amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules. The degradation mechanism known as polarization found in the first generation crystalline silicon high performance modules from SunPower in strings having positive voltage potential with respect to ground was discussed in 2005.  Degradation of conventional  front junction (n+/p) solar cell modules under voltage potential was also observed.  The degradation by polarization was also covered in the trade journal Photon (4/2006, 6/2006, and 4/2007).

In 2007, PID was reported in a number of solar panels from Evergreen Solar (Photon 1/2008 and 8 /2008).  In this case, the degradation mechanism occurring in photovoltaic modules containing the more common front junction (n+/p) crystalline silicon solar cells when the modules were in negative voltage potential with respect to ground. PID was further discussed as a problem in ordinary crystalline modules (Photon 12/2010, lecture by solar energy company Solon SE at PVSEC in Valencia 2010). Statement of the solar module manufacturer Solon SE: "At 1000 V , a now quite common voltage for larger PV systems, it can be critical for each module technology". PID of the shunting type (PID-s), which is the most prevalent and most detrimental type of PID for crystalline silicon modules, was discovered to be caused by microscopic crystal defects penetrating the p-n front junction of affected solar cells.

In 2013, only 4 major manufacturers according to ISE Fraunhofer of the existing 23 modules are considered to be not affected by the PID.

Detection
Although, PID usually has no visual effect on the module, different photovoltaic module analysis techniques are available for detection and analysis. First, the power degradation can become visible in IV curves. infrared thermography and luminescence imaging techniques like electroluminescence and photoluminescence are also able to detect PID.

Prevention
The PID-s that occurs in modules in negative polarity strings can be completely prevented if an inverter is used with the possibility of grounding (or effectively grounding) the positive or negative pole. This is possible if the inverter is galvanically isolated, e.g. using a transformer, if specially designed transformerless inverter topologies are used, or by altering the electric grid potential to ground. Which pole must be grounded, is clarified with the solar module manufacturer.
The easiest and very effective method to prevent PID is to install a reversal device from the first day of installation. See Anti-PID manufacturers in the "Reversal" section below.

The phenomenon does not affect photovoltaic installations with micro-inverters, as the voltages are too low to facilitate Potential Induced Degradation.

Reversal
If the PID effect is present in the solar module, the effect can be reversed.  Seven companies,  ELETTROGRAF/ATEX  , Huawei, OriSolar, VIGDU, iLumen, PADCON and Pidbull have made a device that can prevent and reverse this effect.

References

  ^ APID - AntiPID Solution from ELETTROGRAF/ATEX

 ^ Huawei PID Solution

^ PID Solution

 ^ PID Solution video

^ PID Solution

 ^ PID Solution

Photovoltaics
Solar cells


title: Mancozeb

text:
Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site, protective action on contact. It is a combination of two other dithiocarbamates: maneb and zineb. The mixture controls many fungal diseases in a wide range of field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals. It is marketed as Penncozeb, Trimanoc, Vondozeb, Dithane, Manzeb, Nemispot, and Manzane. In Canada, a mixture of zoxamide and mancozeb was registered for control of the mildew named Gavel as early as 2008.

Mechanism

Mancozeb reacts with, and inactivates, the sulfhydryl groups of amino acids and enzymes within fungal cells, resulting in disruption of lipid metabolism, respiration, and production of adenosine triphosphate.

Mancozeb is listed under FRAC code M:03 The "M:" refers to Chemicals with Multi-Site Activity.  "M:" FRAC groups are defined as generally considered as a low risk group without any signs of resistance developing to the fungicides.

Toxicology
A major toxicological concern is ethylenethiourea (ETU), an industrial contaminant and a breakdown product of mancozeb and other EBDC pesticides. It has potential to cause goiter, a condition in which the thyroid gland is enlarged and has produced birth defects and cancer in experimental animals. ETU has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the EPA. Mancozeb has been shown to have significant negative effects on beneficial root fungi - totally preventing spore germination at levels far below recommended dosage levels.

See also
Fungicide use in the United States
Maneb

References

External links

Fungicides
Dithiocarbamates


Hybrid oncocytoma/chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma.
It arises from intercalated cells of cortical collecting ducts of the kidney.
It is associated with extreme hypodiploidy with multiple losses of entire chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, 21 and Y.

References

Kidney cancer


title: André Mandt

text:
André Mandt (born 15 August 1993) is a German footballer who plays for TuS Koblenz.

References

External links

André Mandt at FuPa

1993 births
Footballers from Cologne
Living people
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Bayer 04 Leverkusen II players
1. FC Saarbrücken players
TSV Steinbach Haiger players
Wuppertaler SV players
SC Wiedenbrück players
FC Wegberg-Beeck players
TuS Koblenz players
3. Liga players
Regionalliga players
Oberliga (football) players


title: Whatcharawalee

text:
WhatChaRaWaLee () is a Thai retro soul-pop band. The band is well known in Thailand for many Thai songs, such as Jeep, Look-Om, and Avenue.

History

WhatChaRaWaLee was established by friends who worked behind the scenes in Thai music and Thai advertising. Their purpose is to present music about strong love or positive thinking. The name of their band came from their first single in 2009. They wanted to create a song for a woman who was getting married, so they used her name as their band name and her nickname became the title of their first song.

Members
The band has four members: Pom (lead vocalist), Milk (guitarist), Joop (drummer), and New (bass guitarist).

Songs
They have published eight well known songs; อเวนิว (Avenue), จี๊ป (Jeep), ถนนบนต้นไม้ใหญ่ (Ta Non Bon Ton Mai Yai: Road on the big tree), ทราย (Saii: Sand), ผมคือเวลา (Pom Keu Vela: I am time), ฟอเวิร์ด (Forward), ร่มสีเทา (Rom See Tao: Gray umbrella), ลูกอม (Look-Om: Candy), ทะเลลิฟท์ (Ta Le Lift: Elevator sea), น้อย (Noi: A few), แฟ (Fair, Factor)

WhatChaRaWaLee is still together and has become well known in Thailand.

References

External links
 pawatwhatcharawalee.blogspot.com WhatChaRaWaLee History (Thai)
 facebook.com/whatcharawalee.fanpage/info WhatChaRaWaLee profile (Thai)

Thai musical groups