title: History of the Hmong in Fresno, California

text:
The Hmong are a major ethnic group in Fresno, California. The Fresno Hmong community, along with that of Minneapolis/St. Paul, is one of the largest two urban U.S. Hmong communities. As of 1993 the Hmong were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group in Fresno. As of 2010, there are 24,328 people of Hmong descent living in Fresno, making up 4.9% of the city's population.

History
Kou Yang stated that in 1977 Fresno had one Hmong family. According to Kou Yang, this increased to four in 1978 and five in 1979. In 1980 there were 2,000 Hmong in Fresno. In 1981 this increased to 7,000. In 1982 12,000 Hmong lived in Fresno. In 1989 there were about 26,000 Hmong in Fresno. As of 1993 there were about 35,000 Hmong in Fresno.

Many Hmong who arrived in Fresno lived on public assistance in public housing projects; they were unable to work in agriculture due to a lack of technical skills and English skills. About half of the Hmong who arrived in the 1980s wanted to work in agriculture but the percentage who remained interested decreased to 20% after arrival, and they had insufficient funds to make another move.

From 1998 to 2001, eight Hmong teenagers in Fresno committed suicide.

Demographics

Mai M. Na Lee, the author of an encyclopedia article titled "Hmong of Minnesota and California," wrote circa 2013 that "The Fresno Hmong have the highest rate of poverty compared to those in other places."

Economy
As of 2013 there were ten Hmong supermarkets in Fresno. Other Hmong businesses included financial service agencies, farms, video rental stores, medical offices, ranches, insurance companies, and chiropractic clinics.

Politics
In 2002 Tony Vang received a school board position at the Fresno Unified School District. He was the first Hmong elected official in Fresno, and the first Hmong elected official in California. The Fresno Hmong had advocated for California bill AB78 which established a recommendation for Southeast Asian history education in the California school system; this bill passed in 2003. In 2006 Blong Xiong was elected to the Fresno City Council. He was the first Hmong person elected to a city council in California, and the first Asian elected to the Fresno City Council.

Institutions
As of 2013 the Fresno Center for New Americans (FCNA), a Hmong nonprofit organization has a yearly budget of over $2 million and 40 employees.  It helps to serve as one of the Hmong political and civil organs and assisted with the 2006 election of Blong Xiong to the Fresno City Council. Other Hmong nonprofit organizations include the Stone Soup Fresno, Fresno Interdenominational Refugee Ministries (FIRM), and Lao Family Community of Fresno.

Media
As of 2013 Fresno has two Hmong radio stations.

The radio station KBIF 900 am, located in Fresno, airs programming oriented towards Hmong people. As of 2004 the station staff members state that 95% of the area Hmong community listens to the station.

Hmong Today airs on KIFR.

In 2011, HmongUSA TV was established to serve the Hmong Community as a local TV station broadcasting on Digital Antena 31.9. The Hmong TV station served the surrounding Fresno area to Delano and up to the Stockton, CA. As of 2021, HmongUSA TV became available to all Streaming Platform, and SmartTV, Roku, FireTV, AppleTV, etc. HmongUSA TV is currently streaming through UNISON app. and is the only International TV station offering 24 by 7 Hmong programs.

Recreation
The Hmong New Year is celebrated in Fresno. The celebrations are held outdoors and collectively it is the largest Hmong New Year celebration in the United States. As of 2013 there are two separate celebrations, the Hmong International New Year at the Fresno Fairgrounds and another at Calwa Park in southeast Fresno. Col. Youa True Vang founded the Hmong International New Year, which has about 100,000 annual participants. The United Hmong Council organizes the celebration at Calwa Park, which has no admissions charge. As of 2013 about 1,500 participated in the UMC celebration.

The Hmong Music Festival (HMF) is celebrated in Fresno annually.

As of 1993 in order to avoid competing with Fresno's Hmong New Year celebrations, organizers outside of Fresno schedule the Hmong New Year celebrations on days different from Fresno's.

Notable residents
 Vang Pao (general) and his wife, May Song Vang. Diana Aguilera of the Fresno Bee wrote that May Song Vang "became the face of the Hmong community" after Vang Pao died in 2011.
Vang Pao Elementary School of the Fresno Unified School District is named after Vang Pao.
 During the Hmong New Year of 2013 a statue of Vang Pao was erected at the Fresno Fairgrounds. The statue is  tall and weighs over . A smaller statue was dedicated in the 2011 Hmong New Year. The new statue, made by Monster City Studios of Fresno, replaced the older one.
Wangyee Vang, National President, Founder and President of the Fresno-based Lao Veterans of America Institute, and President Emeritus of the Lao Veterans of America, the nation's largest Lao- and Hmong-American veterans organizations.  Wangyee Vang helped to lead efforts in Washington, D.C., and Arlington National Cemetery to dedicate the Lao Veterans of America monument, Laos Memorial, to honor the Lao- and Hmong-American veterans and their American advisers who fought to assist the United States during the Vietnam War.
 Bee Vang (actor in Gran Torino)
 Blong Xiong Fresno city councilmember 2007 to 2015

References
 Lee, Mai M. Na. "Hmong of Minnesota and California." In: Zhao, Xiaojian and Edward J.W. Park, PH.D. Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History (Google eBook). ABC-CLIO, November 30, 2013. , 9781598842401.
 Lor, Yang. "Hmong Political Involvement in St. Paul, Minnesota and Fresno, California" (Archive). Hmong Studies Journal. Volume 10, p. 1-53. Available at EBSCOHost
 Ng, Franklin. "Towards a Second Generation of Hmong History." Amerasia Journal 19:3 (1993): 51–69. In: Ng, Franklin (editor) Adaptation, Acculturation, and Transnational Ties Among Asian Americans, Volume 4. Taylor & Francis, 1998. Start page 99. , 9780815326939.

Notes

Further reading
 The Hmong resettlement study: site report, Fresno, California. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, Office of Refugee Resettlement, 1983.
 Yang, Kou. The Hmong in Fresno: A Study of Hmong Welfare Participation and Self-sufficiency. University of California, Davis, 1995.

External links
 Hmong Studies Program - California State University of Fresno
 Reaching the Hmong Community - Central California Consortium
 Fresno Center of New Americans
 National Hmong American Farmers
 Stone Soup Fresno
 Fresno Interdenominational Refugee Ministries (FIRM; Tsoom Ntseeg Fresno Pab Neeg Thojnam)
 Hmong Music Festival (HMF)
 Hmong Student Association - California State University of Fresno
 Hmong Radio - Fresno USD
 Hmong Language Association (HLA)
 Unison TV(HmongUSA TV) www.unison.tv (Hmong History, Entertainment, News)

History of Fresno, California
Hmong-American culture in California
Hmong-American culture and history
Fresno


title: Ito: A Diary of an Urban Priest

text:
Ito – a Diary of an Urban Priest () is a 2009 documentary film by Finnish director Pirjo Honkasalo shot in Tokyo and portraying a young Buddhist priest Yoshinobu Fujioka.

References

2009 films
2009 documentary films
Finnish documentary films
Films directed by Pirjo Honkasalo
Documentary films about Buddhism
Films shot in Tokyo
Buddhism in Japan


title: List of mines in Ukraine

text:
The following list of mines in Ukraine is subsidiary to the lists of mines in Europe article and Lists of mines articles. This list contains working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output(s) and province. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Operational mines are demarcated by bold typeface, future mines are demarcated in italics.

Gold mines

 Muzhiyevo gold mine
 Berehove gold mine
 Kvasovo gold mine

Coal mines
Almazna coal mine
Bazhanov coal mine
Bilorichenska coal mine
Bilozerska coal mine
Bilytska coal mine
Dobropilska coal mine
Faschivska coal mine
Hirske coal mine
Hlyboka coal mine
Kalinin coal mine
Kholodna Balka coal mine
Kirov coal mine
Komsomolets Donbasu coal mine
Krasnoarmiiska–Zakhidna coal mine
Krasnokutska coal mine
Krasnolymanska coal mine
Molodohvardiiska coal mine
Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine
Pivdennodonbaska 3 coal mine
Skochinsky coal mine
Stakhanov coal mine
Sukhodilska–Skhidna coal mine
Svitanok coal mine
Vinnytska coal mine
Yasynivska–Hlyboka coal mine
Zasyadko coal mine
Zhdanivska coal mine
Zhovtnevyi Rudnyk coal mine
Zuivska coal mine

Graphite mines
Zavalye mine

References

Ukraine


title: Great Britain women's national under-18 softball team

text:
Great Britain women's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Great Britain. The team competed at the 2013 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Brampton, Ontario where they finished ninth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Women's national under-18 softball teams
Softball in the United Kingdom
Softball


title: List of mines in the Philippines

text:
The following list of mines in the Philippines is subsidiary to the Lists of mines in Asia article and Lists of mines articles. This list contains working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output(s) and province. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Operational mines are demarcated by bold typeface, future mines are demarcated in italics.

Coal
Malangas Coal Reservation - Malangas, Zamboanga Sibugay
Panian Open Pit Mine - Semirara Island, Caluya, Antique

Copper
Boyongan mine
Canatuan mine
Tampakan mine

Gold
Canatuan mine

Nickel
Rio Tuba mine

 Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corporation
 Berong Nickel Corporation
 San Roque Metals Incorporated (SRMI)
 Agata Mining Ventures, Inc. (AMVI)
 Platinum Group Metals Corporation (PGMC)
 Taganito Mining Corporation (TMC)
 CTP Construction and Mining Corporation
 ADNAMA Mining Resources Corporation
 Claver Mineral Development Corporation
 VTP Mining and Construction Inc.
 Macventures Mining and Development Corporation (MMDC)
 Carrascal Nickel Corporation (CNC)
 Hinatuan Mining Corporation (HMC)
 Cagdianao Mining Corporation (CMC)
 Libjo Mining Corporation (LMC)
 AAM-Phil Natural Resources Exploration &Devt. Corp.
 Century Peak Corporation (CPC)
 BenguetCorp Nickel Mines Incorporated
 Eramen Minerals Incorporated
 LNL Archipelago Minerals Incorporated
 Zambales Diversified Metals Corporation
 Pax Libera Mining Inc. (PLMI)

Philippines


title: Kravits

text:
Kravits, Kravitz, Kravit are Yiddish-language occupational surnames derived from the Ukrainian word кравець (see Kravets), "tailor". The surname may refer to:

Amy Kravitz, American film director
Andy Kravitz, American drummer
Asher Kravitz (born 1969), Israeli humorist, physicist and mathematician
Danny Kravitz (1930–2013), American baseball player
Dick Kravitz (born 1941), American politician
Edward Kravitz (born 1932), American neuroscientist
Jason Kravits (born 1967), American actor
Jean-Jacques Kravetz (born 1947), French keyboardist, saxophonist, and composer
Lee Kravitz, American journalist
Lenny Kravitz (born 1964), American musician
Leonard M. Kravitz, American soldier
Lou Kravitz, American labor racketeer
Mark R. Kravitz (1950–2012), American judge
Nina Kraviz (Nina Kravits), Russian DJ
Peter Kravitz, Scottish author and critic
Pinky Kravitz (1927–2015), American journalist
Ted Kravitz (born 1974), British presenter and reporter
Zoë Kravitz (born 1988), American singer and actress

Fictional characters

Duddy Kravitz, fictional character from the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, by Mordecai Richler
Gladys Kravitz, fictional character from the TV series Bewitched

See also

Surnames of Jewish origin
Occupational surnames
Surnames of Ukrainian origin
Yiddish-language surnames


title: Singapore women's national under-18 softball team

text:
Singapore  women's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Singapore. The team competed at the 2013 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Brampton, Ontario where they finished fourteenth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Women's national under-18 softball teams
Softball in Singapore
Youth sport in Singapore


title: 400 metres hurdles at the Olympics

text:
The 400 metres hurdles at the Summer Olympics is the longest hurdling event held at the multi-sport event. The men's 400 m hurdles has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1900, with a sole gap at the 1912 Summer Olympics. The women's event was added to the programme over eighty years later, at the 1984 Olympics. It is the most prestigious 400 m hurdles race at elite level.

The Olympic records for the event are 45.94 seconds for men, set by Karsten Warholm in 2021, and 51.46 seconds for women, set by Sydney McLaughlin in 2021. The men's world record has been broken at the Olympics on eight occasions: 1908 (the first official IAAF record), 1920, 1932, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1992, and 2021. The women's world record had never been broken in Olympic competition prior to 2021.

Edwin Moses is the most successful athlete in the event, having won two gold and one bronze medal. Glenn Davis, Angelo Taylor and Felix Sanchez have also won two Olympic 400 m hurdles titles. Morgan Taylor is the only other athlete beside Moses that has won three medals in the event. Deon Hemmings is the most successful woman, with her 1996 gold and 2000 silver medals, and is the only female athlete to win multiple medals. It is relatively common for 400 m hurdles athletes to also be part of their nation's team for the 4×400 metres relay at the Olympics.

The United States is the most successful nation in the men's event. American men have swept the medals on five occasions. The American women have the highest medal total, with nine, but the nation managed to achieve its first victory only in 2016, when Dalilah Muhammad won the event. Russia and Jamaica are the only nations to win multiple women's gold medals, with two each. Great Britain is the first nation to have won a gold medal in both the men's and women's event, having three champions in total. In 2016, the United States became the second.

Medal summary

Men

Multiple medalists

Medals by country

Women

Multiple medalists

Medalists by country

Finishing times

Top ten fastest Olympic times

SF - Semi-Finals

References
Participation and athlete data
Athletics Men's 400 metres Hurdles Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
Athletics Women's 400 metres Hurdles Medalists. Sports Reference. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
Olympic record progressions
Mallon, Bill (2012). TRACK & FIELD ATHLETICS - OLYMPIC RECORD PROGRESSIONS. Track and Field News. Retrieved on 2014-02-07.
Specific

External links
IAAF 400 metres hurdles homepage
Official Olympics website
Olympic athletics records from Track & Field News

Olympics
400 metres hurdles


title: List of mines in Greece

text:
The following list of mines in Greece is subsidiary to the lists of mines in Europe article and Lists of mines articles. This list contains working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output(s) and province. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Operational mines are demarcated by bold typeface, future mines are demarcated in italics.

Coal
Drama coal mine
Megalopoli Mine
Ptolemaida-Florina coal mine

Gold
Olympias mine
Siderocausa
Skouries mine

References

Greece


title: List of mines in Denmark

text:
The following list of mines in Denmark is subsidiary to the lists of mines in Europe article and Lists of mines articles. This list contains working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output(s) and province. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Operational mines are demarcated by bold typeface, future mines are demarcated in italics.

Iron
Isua Iron Mine, Greenland
Maamorilik, Greenland

References

Denmark


New Zealand men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-18 team for New Zealand. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished first. The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished first.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished second.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished sixth.

Players

Current squad
The following 19 players were called up for the 2023 U-18 Men's Softball World Cup.

Cohen Bailey
Ciaran Bolger
Brandon Bristowe
Fletcher Due
Lennox Easthope
Arron Gollan
Katene Huriwai
Josh Kennedy
Hapene Kumeroa
George McCarroll
Jacob Neale
Jayden Potts
Shiloh Rice
Max Russell
Norpera Tangaroa
Zahr Shaw-Wallace
Hunter Simpson
Joe Simpson-Smith
Connor Stanley

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Softball in New Zealand
Men's junior national softball teams
Men's sport in New Zealand
Youth sport in New Zealand


title: List of mines in Belgium

text:
The following list of mines in Belgium is subsidiary to the lists of mines in Europe article and Lists of mines articles. This list contains working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output(s) and province. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Operational mines are demarcated by bold typeface, future mines are demarcated in italics.

Coal
Blegny-Mine
Bois du Cazier
Bois du Luc
Coal mine of Hasard de Cheratte
Coal mine du Gouffre
Grand Hornu

Flint
Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes

Zinc
Vieille Montagne

Belgium


United States men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for United States. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished second.  The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished ninth.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished ninth.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished eighth.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina, where they finished fifth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball in the United States
National youth sports teams of the United States
Men's junior national softball teams


Canada men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Canada. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished third.  The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished second.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished first.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished third.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished third.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished third.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished fourth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Canada
Men's sports in Canada
Youth sport in Canada


Japan men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Japan. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished third.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished third.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished third.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished second.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Japan
Men's sport in Japan
Youth sport in Japan
Softball


Mexico men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Mexico. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished fifth. The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished seventh.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished sixth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished sixth.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished seventh.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Mexico
Men's sport in Mexico
Softball


title: Ivo Canelas

text:
Ivo Canelas (born 23 December 1973) is a Portuguese theatre and film actor that has appeared in more than fifty films since 1994.

Selected filmography

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Male actors from Lisbon
Portuguese male film actors
Portuguese male television actors


title: 2014 UMass Minutemen baseball team

text:
The 2014 UMass Minutemen baseball team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2014 NCAA Division I baseball season.  Mike Stone is in his 27th season as head coach.  The Minutemen play their home games at Earl Lorden Field.

2014 Roster

Schedule

! style="background:#881c1c;color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| February 22 ||  || – || USA Baseball National Training Complex  || 0-14 || Dignacco(2-0)|| B. Walsh(0-1)|| None || 250 || 0-1 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| February 22 || Army || – || USA Baseball National Training Complex  || 3-4 || Larimer(1-0)|| R. Moloney(0-1)|| Griffith(1) || 274 || 0-2 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| February 23 || Army || – || USA Baseball National Training Complex  || 4-7 || Meadows(1-0) || LeBlanc, C(0-1) || None || 173 || 0-3 || –
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 1 || at Maryland || – || Shipley Field || 0-4 || Stinnett, J.(2-1) || LeBlanc, C(0-2) || None || - || 0-4 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 1 || at Maryland || – || Shipley Field || 1-10 || Shawaryn, M.(3-0) || Moloney, R(0-2) || None || 397 || 0-5 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 2 || at Maryland || – || Shipley Field || 2-3 || A. Robinson(1-0) || A. Plunkett(0-1) || None || 263 || 0-6 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 7 || at  || – || T. Henry Wilson, Jr. Field || 3-13 || Mooney(2-1) || R. Maloney(0-3)  || None || 111 || 0-7 || –
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| March 8 ||  || – || T. Henry Wilson, Jr. Field || 15-0 || C. LeBlanc(1-2) || T. Boone(0-2) || None || 104 || 1-7 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 9 || at Davidson || – || T. Henry Wilson, Jr. Field || 8-9 || Neitzel(2-0) || A. Plunkett(0-2) ||  Saeta(3) || 132 || 1-8 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 15 || Army || – || Tampa, FL || 3-4 || J. Griffith(3-0) || B. Walsh(0-2) || None || 214 || 1-9 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 15 || Army || – || Tampa, FL || 4-9 || A. Robinett(1-2) || R. Maloney(0-4) || J. Larimer(1) || 214 || 1-10 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 16 || Army || – || Tampa, FL || 4-7 || G. Carroll(3-0) || M. Geannelis(0-1) || None || 201 || 1-11 || –
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 19 || at   || – || Fiondella Field || 0-3 || Murphy || A. Grant(0-1) || Gouin(2) || 204 || 1-12 || –
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| March 21 || La Salle* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 7-6 || D. Jauss(1-0) || O'Neill(0-5) || None || 217 || 2-12 || 1–0
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| March 22 || La Salle* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 8-6 || B. Walsh(1-2) || Craig(0-1) || D. Jauss(1) || 157 || 3-12 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 23 || La Salle* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 0-3 || O'Neill(1-5) || A. Plunkett(0-3) || Cherry(3) || 164 || 3-13 || 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 28 || at * || – || Malcolm U. Pitt Field || 4-6 || de Marte(2-4) || C. LeBlanc(1-3) || Cook(4) || 121 || 3-14 || 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 28 || at Richmond* || – || Malcolm U. Pitt Field || 1-10 || Sterling(3-1) || R. Moloney(0-5) || None || 117 || 3-15 || 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| March 29 || at Richmond* || – || Malcolm U. Pitt Field || 5-8 || Harron(2-0) || M. Geannelis(0-2) || Martinson(2) || 212 || 3-16 || 2–4
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 2 || at  || – || John Shea Field || 6-7 || Skogsbergh(3-0) || D. Jauss(1-1) ||  Nicklas(2) || 264 || 3-17 || 2–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 4 || * || – || Earl Lorden Field || 5-6 || LAHRMAN(2-1) || B. Walsh(1-3) || Harris(3) || 110 || 3-18 || 2–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 5 || Dayton* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 2-6 || BUETTGEN(4-3) || A. Plunkett(0-4) || None || 150 || 3-19 || 2–6
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 6 || Dayton* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 5-4 || D. Jauss(2-1) || WEYBRIGHT(1-3) || None || 210 || 4-19 || 3–6
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 9 || || – || Earl Lorden Field || 5-3 || A. Grant(1-1) || Lippert(1-3) || T. McDonald(1) || 131 || 5-19 || 3–6
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 11 || * || – || Earl Lorden Field || 7-1 || C. LeBlanc(2-3) || Bates(4-1) || None || 117 || 6-19 || 4–6
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 12 || Saint Louis* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 3-2 || M. Geannelis(1-2) || Norwood(4-1) || None || 253 || 7-19 || 5–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 13 || Saint Louis* || – || Earl Lorden Field || 1-2 || Eckelman(4-1) || R. Moloney(0-6) || None || 257 || 7-20 || 5–7
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 18 || at * || – || Barcroft Park || 6-4 || M. Geannelis(2-2) || Milon(1-3) || B. Walsh(1) || 127 || 8-20 || 6–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 19 || at George Washington* || – || Barcroft Park || 2-3 || Williams(4-3) || A. Plunkett(0-5) || Milon(6) || 224 || 8-21 || 6–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 20 || at George Washington* || – || Barcroft Park || 4-5 || Muhl(2-0) || B. Walsh(2-3) || None || 247 || 8-22 || 6–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 21 || at Harvard || – || Parsons Field || 0-3 || Coman(1-1) || R. Maloney(0-7) || Laurisch(1) || 190 || 8-23 || 6–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 22 || Connecticut || – || Earl Lorden Field || 5-8 ||  Brown(1-0) || T. Cassidy(0-1) ||  Mahoney(4) || 123 || 8-24 || 6–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 25 || at * || – || Houlihan Park || 5-10 || Porter(3-4) || M. Geannelis(2-3) || None || 177 || 8-25 || 6–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| April 26 || at Fordhman* || – || Houlihan Park || 3-5 || Kennedy(4-6) || A. Plunkett(0-6) || Porter(2) || 186 || 8-26 || 6–11
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 27 || at Fordham* || – || Houlihan Park || 4-1 || A. Grant(2-1) || Swatek(4-3) || None || 333 || 9-26 || 7–11
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| April 29 || Connecticut || - || Earl Lorden Field || 5-4 || E. Mackintosh(1-0) || A. Zapata(3-2) || B. Walsh(2) || 110 || 10-26 || 7-11
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| May 2|| * || - || Earl Lorden Field || 7-12 || Montefusco(7-2) || C. LeBlanc(2-4) || Kalish(1) || 127 || 10-27 || 7-12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| May 3 || George Mason* || - || Earl Lorden Field || 0-7 || Gaynor(7-3) || A. Grant(2-2) || None || 156 || 10-28 || 7-13
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| May 4 || George Mason* || - || Earl Lorden Field || 9-1 || B. Walsh(2-4) || Williams(3-2) || None || 111 || 11-28 || 8-13
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| May 9 || VCU* || - || Earl Lorden Field || 5-4 || M. Geannelis(3-3) || Gill(3-4) || None || 93 || 12-28 || 9-13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffbbb"
| May 10 || VCU* || - || Earl Lorden Field || 6-10 || Dwyer(6-1) || T. McDonald(0-1) || None || 275 || 12-29 || 9-14
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| May 11 || VCU* || - || Earl Lorden Field || 5-4 || M. Geannelis(4-3) || Lees(5-4) || None || 210 || 13-29 || 10-14
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| May 1 || at * || - || Campbell's Field || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| May 1 || at Saint Joseph's* || - || Campbell's Field || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| May 1 || at Saint Joseph's* || - || Campbell's Field || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-

|-
| style="font-size:88%" | Rankings from USA TODAY/ESPN Top 25 coaches' baseball poll. Parenthesis indicate tournament seedings.
|-
| style="font-size:88%" | *Atlantic 10 Conference games
|-
| style="font-size:88%" | **Beanpot Challenge

References

UMass
UMass Minutemen baseball seasons
UMass Minutemen baseball


Argentina men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Argentina. The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished eighth.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished seventh.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished seventh.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished seventh.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished first.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Men's sport in Argentina
Softball in Argentina
Youth sport in Argentina


title: Charles Hawkins

text:
Charles Hawkins may refer to:

 Charles Hawkins (cricketer) (1817–1846), English cricketer
 Charles Edward Hawkins (1802–1837), Commander of the First Texas Navy during the Texan Revolution
 Charles G. Hawkins (1887–1958), Liberal party member of the Senate of Canada
 Charles R. Hawkins (born 1943), former American politician
 Charles Hawkins (Medal of Honor) (1834/1835–1908), American Navy seaman


title: 2014 Winter Paralympics medal table

text:
The 2014 Winter Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 2014 Winter Paralympics, which were held in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 16 March. Athletes from 45 nations participated in 72 events in five sports. The Russian team became the leader of the medal count, effectively collecting 37% of all medals. However, following the Games, the IPC discovered evidence that Russia's performance has been aided by a wider state-sponsored doping program.

Medal table

The ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and is consistent with IPC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a "nation" is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IPC country code.

See also
 2014 Winter Olympics medal table

References
General

Specific

External links
Sochi2014

Medal table
Russia sport-related lists
Winter Paralympics medal tables


title: The Rudolphs

text:
Lloyd Rudolph and Susanne Rudolph, known together as the Rudolphs, are American academians who extensively researched on Indian history and democracy.

Life

They were PhD students at Harvard University and came to India for research on democracy in 1956 under grant by Ford Foundation. They travelled by Land Rover jeep and finally stayed at Jaipur for research on history of  Rajasthan, a western state in India. They initially lived at Tilaknagar in Jaipur and later moved to Narayan Niwas. Their children studied in India and can speak Hindi language too. One of their daughters was married in their Jaipur home. They stayed at Chennai for brief period. They together with Mohan Singh Kanota wrote Reversing The Gaze, based on the 89 volumes of the Amar Singh diary which are now on display at Amar Singh Library and Museum in Kanota Castle near Jaipur. They spent five out of seven research years in India, 1956–57, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1979–80 and 1983–84 in Jaipur and finally made it their second home in 1984. They taught at University of Rajasthan also. They taught at University of Chicago from 1964 until their retirement in 2002. They now live in Kensington, California.

Works

Their works are as follows:
 Essays on Rajasthan
 The Idea of Rajasthan
 The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India
 Education and Politics in India
 The Regional Imperative: The Administration of US Foreign Policy Towards South Asian States
 Gandhi: The Traditional Roots of Charisma
 Essays on Rajputana
 In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State
 Reversing the Gaze: The Amar Singh Diary, a Colonial Subject's Narrative of Imperial India
 Postmodern Gandhi and Other Essays: Gandhi in the World and at Home

Awards

They were awarded Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in India, by the Government of India in 2014.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Historians of India
Harvard University alumni


title: Fertiliser Township monorail station

text:
Fertiliser Township is a monorail station of Mumbai Monorail. It was opened to the public on 2 February 2014, as part of the first phase of Line 1. It serves Marouli area, Wadavli village, Tolaram Nagar and Camp(E) of Eastern Mumbai. It connects to Vivekananda Education Society.

References

Mumbai Monorail stations
Railway stations in India opened in 2014


title: Bharat Petroleum monorail station

text:
Bharat Petroleum is a monorail station on Line 1 of the Mumbai Monorail. It was opened to the public on 2 February 2014, as part of the first phase of Line 1. It serves connectivity to Mahul Gaon, HP Nagar, Bharat Nagar, Shivaji Nagar, Om Ganesh Nagar, Tata Colony and RCF Colony.

References

Mumbai Monorail stations
Railway stations in India opened in 2014


title: Frozen (musical)

text:
Frozen is a musical with music and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, and book by Jennifer Lee, based on the 2013 film of the same name. The story centers on the relationship between two sisters who are princesses, Elsa and Anna. Elsa has magical powers to freeze objects and people, which she does not know how to control. After inheriting the throne, Elsa flees, inadvertently causes the kingdom to become frozen in an eternal winter, and nearly kills her sister. She must sacrifice and show true love to save the day.

Produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, the musical had a tryout at the Buell Theatre in Denver, Colorado in August 2017 and premiered on Broadway in March 2018 at the St. James Theatre to mixed reviews. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Broadway production closed on March 11, 2020, after 26 previews and 825 regular performances. A U.S. tour began in November 2019 but was also suspended in March 2020, before reopening in September 2021. International productions followed, including a West End production, which opened in September 2021.

Development
In January 2014, Bob Iger, CEO of The Walt Disney Company, stated that Disney Theatrical Productions was in early development of a stage adaptation of Frozen that it planned to bring to Broadway. No date was set for the adaptation. "We're not demanding speed," Iger said. "We're demanding excellence." One of the film's producers, Peter Del Vecho, later reiterated that "these things take time." In an October 2014 interview, Thomas Schumacher, the president of Disney Theatrical Group, disclosed that discussions about a musical had begun even before the film was released almost a year earlier. He stated: "I'm already talking to directors, and I have a design concept, and we have to begin to fashion this idea. It doesn't need to be fast. It needs to be great."

In February 2015, Schumacher confirmed that the songwriters were working on the show and that Lee would be writing the book but that "no other staffing or dates have been announced". By early 2016, Disney announced that the musical was scheduled to open on Broadway in spring 2018, with Alex Timbers as director, Peter Darling as choreographer and Stephen Oremus as music supervisor, among other creative staff. Disney also scheduled the pre-Broadway tryout in August 2017 at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts. In April 2016, it was reported that Betsy Wolfe had been cast as Elsa, but Disney stated that no roles had been officially cast. Anderson-Lopez told an interviewer that while "the movie only has seven-and-a-half songs ... we’ve written about 23" for the musical". The musical's first developmental lab was held over two weeks during May 2016 in New York City, with Wolfe as Elsa, Patti Murin as Anna, Okieriete Onaodowan as Kristoff, and Greg Hildreth as Olaf.

In September 2016, Disney announced a new director, Michael Grandage. It confirmed that the musical was set to open on Broadway at the St. James Theatre in spring 2018. Rob Ashford joined the creative team as choreographer. The musical "cost a reported $30 million to produce [and] churned through three choreographers, two set designers, two Elsas and two directors."

Productions

Denver, United States (2017)
A pre-Broadway tryout ran at the Buell Theatre in Denver, Colorado, from August 17 to October 1, 2017, directed and choreographed by Grandage and Ashford. Caissie Levy and Patti Murin starred as Elsa and Anna. The cast included Jelani Alladin as Kristoff, Greg Hildreth as Olaf and John Riddle as Prince Hans. Designers included Christopher Oram (sets and costumes), Natasha Katz (lighting) and Michael Curry (puppets). Stephen Oremus served as music supervisor.

Broadway (2018–20)

Previews on Broadway at the St. James Theatre began on February 22, 2018, with an official opening on March 22, 2018. The cast and creative team was the same as in Denver. A reported 30% of the show was rewritten between the tryout and the Broadway opening, with the musical taking a "deeper dive into the princesses' psyches" and aiming at a more adult audience; Disney research shows that 70% of the audience for its musicals are adults without children. Anderson-Lopez noted that "examining how the ... princesses' psychological scars drive them to make certain decisions was the next logical storytelling step." The onstage technology included lighting effects for Elsa's magic, as well as such adaptations as a full-body costume to represent the reindeer Sven, with a ballet dancer inside holding stilts in his hands and walking on tiptoe; the role is so strenuous that a second ballet dancer was hired to play it at some performances to give each dancer some days of rest.

The production played 825 performances and 26 previews at the St. James Theatre, ending on March 11, 2020, when performances were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 14, 2020, Disney Theatrical Productions announced that Frozen would not reopen on Broadway following the pandemic. The production cost about $35 million to mount, attracted attendance of over 1.3 million and grossed over $150 million, often grossing 80% to 90% of box office potential. It did not perform as well, however, as Disney's The Lion King or Aladdin. Therefore, Disney chose to close Frozen, judging that after the pandemic running three of their shows on Broadway simultaneously "would become untenable".

U.S. tour (2019–present)
A U.S. tour of the Broadway production began on November 10, 2019, at Proctor's Theatre in Schenectady, New York, starring Caroline Bowman as Elsa and Caroline Innerbichler as Anna. It was also suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tour reopened at Shea's Performing Arts Center in Buffalo, New York, on September 9, 2021.

Australia and Singapore (2020–23)
An Australian production production began previews on December 1, 2020, at Sydney Australia's Capitol Theatre, with Jemma Rix as Elsa, Courtney Monsma as Anna and Matt Lee as Olaf. Following an outbreak of COVID-19 in New South Wales, performances of the production were suspended from 21 December 2020 but resumed on 26 December. The run closed on May 23, 2021.

The production moved to Melbourne's Her Majesty’s Theatre in previews on June 25, 2021, with the same cast, opening on July 14, 2021, and closing on January 26, 2022 after some performances were cancelled due to the pandemic. It transferred to Brisbane's Queensland Performing Arts Centre on February 10, 2022 and closed on May 8. It then played at the Adelaide Festival Centre beginning on May 26. The final stop of the Australian tour was Perth, where the show opened at Crown Theatre on August 25, 2022, and closed on November 13, 2022.

A limited run of the Australian production played from February 5 to March 19, 2023, at the Sands Theatre in Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. Rix and Lee reprised their roles as Elsa and Olaf, respectively.

Tokyo, Japan (2021)
Shiki Theatre Company produced the musical at the Haru (en: Spring) theater in Tokyo owned by Shiki. After a postponement due to COVID-19, it opened on June 24, 2021.

West End (2021–present)
After delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the show began previews on August 27, 2021, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London's West End, and opened officially on September 8. It is again directed by Grandage, with choreography by Ashford, and starring Samantha Barks as Elsa and Stephanie McKeon as Anna; set and costume design is by Christopher Oram, with lighting design by Neil Austin. The production was nominated for 4 Laurence Olivier Awards in 2022, including Best New Musical and Best Actress in a Musical for McKeon. It is set to run until at least June 2024.

Hamburg, Germany (2021–present)
A German production titled Die Eiskönigin opened in November 2021 at the Stage Theater an der Elbe in Hamburg, in German, with Sabrina Weckerlin as Elsa and Celena Pieper as Anna. This production is produced by Stage Entertainment. It is set to run until late 2024.

Norway (2023)
The first non-replica production opened on October 14, 2023, at Oslo's Det Norske Teatret, directed by Gísli Örn Garðarsson.

Planned Netherlands production
A Dutch production is scheduled to run at the Circustheater in The Hague, premiering on June 9, 2024, with casting yet to be announced. This production will also be produced by Stage Entertainment.

Plot

Act I
A Greek chorus introduces Princess Elsa of Arendelle and her playful younger sister, Princess Anna ("Vuelie", "Let the Sun Shine On"). While the family knows about Elsa's magic, it is kept a secret from the people of Arendelle. One night at bedtime, Elsa and Anna build a magical snowman and name it Olaf ("A Little Bit of You"); Elsa creates snow in their room. In their excitement, Elsa accidentally injures Anna with her icy magic. Their parents, King Agnarr and Queen Iduna, call for the aid of the colony of hidden folk, led by Grand Pabbie ("Hidden Folk"). He heals Anna and removes her memories of Elsa's magic. Elsa asks Grand Pabbie to remove her magic, but he says that it is a part of her. He gives her a vision of her future, frightening Elsa, who believes that her magic will cause death. The King isolates the sisters within the castle. Elsa shuts Anna out when Anna seeks to play ("Do You Want to Build a Snowman?"), and Elsa's fear of her powers grows. While the princesses are still young, the Queen and King sail to seek a solution to help Elsa control her powers, and they die at sea during a storm.

Years pass. The day before Elsa's coronation as Queen of Arendelle, Anna asks if there is anything she can do for her sister. Elsa, her room coated in ice, refuses to open her door out of fear of hurting Anna again. Anna is excited for the castle's gates to open ("For the First Time in Forever") and meets the handsome Prince Hans ("Hans of the Southern Isles"). Although the people rejoice at the prospect of a new monarch ("Queen Anointed"), Elsa is terrified that the kingdom's citizens might find out about her powers and fear her, while wishing to be able to reconnect with Anna ("Dangerous to Dream"). Elsa's coronation goes smoothly, and she initiates her first contact with Anna in years. They enjoy the coronation together, with Anna talking the Duke of Weselton out of dancing with the newly crowned Queen. However, Elsa leaves after Anna asks about keeping the gates open. Anna falls in love with Hans ("Love Is an Open Door"), who quickly proposes marriage to her, and the two share a kiss after she accepts. The couple asks for Elsa's blessing, who objects because the two have only known each other for a day.  After intense questioning from Anna about shutting her out of her life, Elsa accidentally unleashes her powers before the court. The Duke brands her a monster. Elsa flees to the North Mountain without realizing that her suppressed magic has engulfed Arendelle in an eternal winter.

Anna goes in search of Elsa, leaving Hans in charge of the kingdom during her absence. Up in the mountains, ice harvester Kristoff and his reindeer Sven ("Reindeer(s) Are Better Than People") are found by the ill-equipped Anna, still in her coronation dress. She orders Kristoff to take her to the North Mountain, the source of the storm. Kristoff gives her a set of winter clothes, and she leaves her dress behind. In view of her sudden engagement, Kristoff and Anna disagree about love as they cross a bridge ("What Do You Know About Love"), and Anna saves Kristoff from falling off the bridge. Anna and Kristoff then encounter a newly created Olaf, who offers to guide them to Elsa and sings about his love for summer ("In Summer"). A soldier arrives in Arendelle with Anna's dress, and Hans fears for Anna's safety. He assembles a search party ("Hans of the Southern Isles" (reprise)), including the Duke and two of his men, who intend to put her in her place. Meanwhile, on the North Mountain, Elsa builds an ice castle with her powers and transforms her coronation dress into a sparkly ice gown ("Let It Go").

Act II
Anna, Kristoff, and Olaf arrive at Wandering Oaken's Trading Post & Sauna to meet the owner, Oaken ("Hygge"). Anna enjoys the sauna together with its many other patrons. Kristoff convinces Oaken and his patrons to aid their journey; Oaken gives them provisions and a winter dress for Anna.

Reaching the ice palace, Anna meets Elsa ("I Can't Lose You"), but when she reveals what has become of Arendelle, Elsa becomes angry and frustrated, saying that she cannot fix it, and she accidentally freezes Anna's heart. Out of fear of hurting Anna further, Elsa forces her, Kristoff, Sven, and Olaf out of the palace. Anna's hair begins turning white, so Kristoff takes her to meet the hidden folk, his adoptive family, who recognize Anna as the princess and attempt to match her with Kristoff, despite him mentioning her betrothal to Hans ("Fixer Upper"). Grand Pabbie attempts to remove the magic freezing Anna's heart but fails; Kristoff realizes that he is falling in love with her ("Kristoff Lullaby"). Grand Pabbie reveals that Anna will freeze solid unless "an act of true love" reverses the spell. Kristoff selflessly races Anna back home so Hans can give her true love's kiss.

In the ice castle, Elsa considers whether she is a monster and wonders how can she end the storm, unsure whether the storm would end or grow worse if she were to die ("Monster"). She resolves to stay alive to end the storm and lowers the defenses around the castle, allowing Hans and his men to capture her. Home, Anna is delivered to Hans, but rather than kissing her, he reveals that he has been plotting to seize the throne of Arendelle by allowing Anna to freeze to death and accusing Elsa of her murder ("Hans of the Southern Isles" (reprise 2)). Hans locks Anna in a room to die, as Anna reflects on her mistakes while still holding on to the idea of love ("True Love"). Olaf frees Anna, and they venture into the blizzard outside to meet Kristoff, whom Olaf reveals is in love with her.

Hans publicly charges Elsa with treason and sentences her to death. Elsa escapes her chains and flees outside as a blizzard grows ("Colder by the Minute"). Kristoff and Anna struggle to find each other. Hans confronts Elsa, claiming that she killed Anna, causing Elsa to break down and the storm to pause. Anna finally finds Kristoff but spots Hans about to kill Elsa; she leaps in the way and freezes solid, stopping Hans. Devastated, Elsa mourns her sister, who thaws out, her sacrifice constituting "an act of true love". Realizing that her magic is controlled by love, Elsa ends the winter ("Vuelie (Love Thaws)"). Anna punches Hans, and she and Kristoff become a couple, with Elsa's blessing. Elsa and Anna reunite without fear for the first time, as their parents, young Elsa and young Anna appear in the background, signaling the healing of the sisters' painful past (Finale).

Musical numbers

Act I
"Vuelie"† – Company
"Let the Sun Shine On" – Young Anna, Young Elsa, King, Queen and Townspeople
"A Little Bit of You" – Young Elsa and Young Anna
"Hidden Folk" – Queen, Pabbie, Young Elsa, King and Company
"Do You Want to Build a Snowman?"† – Young Anna, Anna and Elsa
"For the First Time in Forever"† – Anna, Elsa and Townspeople
"Hans of the Southern Isles" – Hans
"Queen Anointed" – Townspeople
"Dangerous to Dream" – Elsa and Townspeople
"Love Is an Open Door"† – Anna and Hans
"Reindeer(s) Are Better Than People"† – Kristoff
"What Do You Know About Love?" – Anna and Kristoff
"In Summer"† – Olaf
"Hans of the Southern Isles" (reprise) – Hans, Weselton and Townspeople
"Let It Go"† – Elsa

Act II
"Hygge" – Oaken, Kristoff, Anna, Olaf, Family and Friends
"I Can't Lose You"∞ – Anna and Elsa
"Fixer Upper"† – Bulda, Pabbie, Olaf and Hidden Folk
"Kristoff Lullaby" – Kristoff
"Monster" – Elsa, Hans and Men
"Hans of the Southern Isles" (reprise 2) – Hans and Anna
"True Love"± – Anna
"Colder by the Minute" – Anna, Kristoff, Elsa, Hans and Townspeople
"Finale: Let It Go" (reprise) – Company

All songs by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez except "Vuelie" (music and lyrics by Christophe Beck and Frode Fjellheim)

† Featured in the 2013 film

∞ Song added February 2020, replacing a reprise of "For the First Time in Forever"

± Song cut February 2020

Characters and casts

Notable Broadway cast replacements
 Anna – McKenzie Kurtz (February 18, 2020 – March 11, 2020)
 Elsa – Ciara Renée (February 18, 2020 – March 11, 2020)
 Hans – Ryan McCartan (February 18, 2020 – March 11, 2020)
 Olaf – Ryann Redmond (February 19, 2019 – March 11, 2020)

Recordings
Prior to the official opening of the musical on Broadway, four singles were released digitally: "Monster" in February 2018, "What Do You Know About Love", "Dangerous to Dream" and "True Love", all in March 2018. The Original Broadway Cast Album was released digitally on May 11, 2018, with a physical (CD) release following on June 8, 2018.  For the recording, the orchestra was expanded from 21 members to 44, including 22 strings. The album includes a song cut from the Broadway production as a bonus track, "When Everything Falls Apart".

Reception
Reviews of the Denver tryout were mixed but found the show promising; "fun but not transporting", said The Denver Post. Mark Shenton wrote in The Stage: "Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez have augmented their score for the original film – which featured just eight songs – to 20 songs in all now. There are occasional moments that feel padded ... but the surging power ballads that are the score's signature are stunningly delivered by [Levy and Murin]."

The Broadway premiere received mixed reviews. Jesse Green of The New York Times called the show "rousing, often dull, alternately dopey". He praised Levy's and Murin's performances as well as the set and lighting design but criticized the new musical numbers. The 2021 West End production received mostly favorable reviews; Arifa Akbar in The Guardian wrote that "What is more surprising than the uniformly storming singing voices and the theatrical razzmatazz is the sense of a real, beating heart in the relationship between the two tortured sisters".

Awards and nominations

Original Broadway production

Original West End production

References

External links
Internet Broadway Database

2017 musicals
Frozen (franchise) mass media
Disney Theatrical Productions musicals
Musicals based on animated films
Broadway musicals
Musicals based on works by Hans Christian Andersen
Works impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic
West End musicals
Musicals set in fictional countries


title: Henry van Zile Hyde

text:
Henry van Zile Hyde (March 3, 1906 – November 5, 1982) was an American physician and public health official appointed by three presidents to represent the United States in the World Health Organization (WHO) from its inception in 1948 until his retirement in 1962.

Family, education, and early career
Hyde was born on March 3, 1906, into a prominent Syracuse, New York, family. He was the second son of Henry Neal Hyde, an Episcopal priest, and Madeleine van Zile. Hyde graduated from Deerfield Academy in 1925 and from Yale University in 1929. He was a 1933 Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Johns Hopkins University Medical School, where he was also elected to Alpha Omega Alpha, the medical honor society. Soon after graduating from medical school, on June 24, 1933, Hyde married Ellen Sedgwick Tracy, also from a prominent Syracuse family.

Hyde served his medical internship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and his residency in internal and pulmonary medicine at Strong Memorial Hospital at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. In 1936 he established a practice of internal medicine in Syracuse. In 1938 he received a diploma from the Trudeau Institute, a center for the study and treatment of tuberculosis in Saranac Lake, New York. Hyde was a diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Board of Preventive Medicine.

During his first years in medical practice, Hyde was also engaged in pneumonia research for a New York state program, at a time when there was no known cure for pneumonia and when many people succumbed to the disease. Hyde’s work came to the attention of the state health department, and in early 1941 he was appointed chief of the New York State Bureau of Pneumonia Control in Albany, New York – his first venture into public health.

World War II years
Hyde’s arrival in Albany in 1941 coincided with the advent of the American involvement in World War II. Within four months Hyde was recruited into the United States Public Health Service (USPHS), initially at the rank of commander and senior surgeon. He was assigned as the medical director for Region 2 of the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), a wartime department with responsibilities now covered by the Departments of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. Region 2 encompassed the densely populated areas of New York City, New Jersey and Delaware. At the time, the United States feared an East Coast air or sea attack from German forces. At OCD, Hyde was responsible for all the emergency medical responses, as well as civilian preparedness, in such an event. Along with Eleanor Roosevelt, then the unsalaried assistant director of OCD.    Hyde made presentations to medical and hospital professionals and community organizations about the urgency for preparations and the pressing problems surrounding their accomplishment.

In early 1943, at the request of James M. Landus, dean of the Harvard Law School on leave as director of OCD, Hyde went to Washington as chief of the Field Casualty Section. When it was determined that an imminent attack on the US homeland was low, Hyde was assigned to the Foreign Economic Administration and sent to Cairo, Egypt, to head the Medical Division of the Middle East Supply Centre (MESC). The MESC was “an Anglo-American agency that had complete control over the flow of civilian supplies to the Middle East. The Medical Division was concerned with medical and health supplies required by the twenty countries in that region.”

The director of MESC, with whom Hyde worked at that time, was Australian Commander Sir Robert G. A. Jackson. When Jackson went to London to become senior deputy director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) serving under Herbert Lehman and Fiorello La Guardia, Hyde became chief of the Middle East office of UNRRA.  Hyde’s office was responsible for all the refuge camps in the Gaza Strip, the Sinai and North Africa, together totaling over 80,000 refugees from Greece and Yugoslavia.   These civilians had been evacuated as part of the Allied ruse to have the Axis powers believe they were going to be invaded through the Balkans and not at the beaches of Normandy.

Hyde served in Cairo from March 1944 until the end of the war, flying home on VJ Day, August 14, 1945; in September of that year he returned to Washington, where he became assistant chief of the Health Services Bureau of the Department of State.

World Health Organization
Between August and October 1944, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and Nationalist China met at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C., where they agreed to establish the United Nations (UN) for the purpose of maintaining international peace. At the Dumbarton Oaks conference, these four international powers also agreed that the UN should address economic and social problems for which an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the UN would be responsible.

In April 1945, a 50-nation international conference was held in San Francisco to form the United Nations (UN). Delegates from several nations, including the US, noted that there was no specialized health agency included in the proposed UN Charter. Realizing that it was too late to have one included, Dr. Geraldo de Paula Sousa of the Brazilian delegation and Dr. Szeming Sze of the Chinese delegation managed to have a declaration inserted instead, recommending a specialized agency for international health.

At the ECOSOC’s inaugural meeting held on February 7, 1946, the delegates agreed to call an international health conference and to establish a Technical Preparatory Committee (TPC) to prepare for the meeting. Behind the scenes Thomas Parran, Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service, assisted by Henry van Zile Hyde and Wilson Jameson, chief medical officer of the British Ministry of Health, engaged in a lengthy correspondence to decide whom to invite to the TPC.   After working for the MESC, Hyde insisted that a Middle Eastern delegate be invited, a proposal with which his British colleagues did not initially agree.    Hyde insisted, suggesting that Dr. Aly Tewfik Shousha, an Egyptian, be the representative, which was eventually accepted. Eventually, 16 international public health experts were invited to the TPC.

Thomas Parran represented the United States at the TPC meeting, with Henry van Zile Hyde as his alternate. The TPC met in Paris in March and April 1946. “In the course of only twenty-two meetings the Committee succeeded in drawing up an annotated agenda for the Health Conference, proposals – amounting to a draft – for a virtually complete constitution for the new health organization, and a series of relevant resolutions.”   The World Health Organization was born.

During the TPC, and in particular the drafting of the WHO constitution, Hyde suggested including a preamble to the Constitution, which was accepted by the committee. Hyde wrote to his wife: “It [the preamble] presents 13 fundamental truths and I believe can become an Atlantic charter of health.”   Andrija Stampar introduced the first draft preamble that was edited by the drafting committee, for which Hyde was the secretary.   Working on the sub-committee for the preamble, Hyde collaborated closely with Brock Chisholm and Szeming Sze, who claimed authorship of the now very famous first principle, namely that “health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Three months after the Paris meetings, in June 1946, the International Health Conference was convened in New York with representatives of all fifty-one-member nations of the UN attending. Countries that were not yet members attended as observers, along with the Allied Control Authorities for Germany, Japan and Korea. The conference voted to accept the constitution as presented in the draft submitted by the TPC, with only relatively minor changes. Other important decisions were made in New York. Among them, an Interim Commission (IC) was set up to “make preparations for the First World Health Assembly, to carry on without interruption the surviving activities of the League of Nations Health Organization and those of the Office International d’Hygieve Publique (OIHP) and UNRRA, and to perform other urgent duties pending the final establishment of the Organization.”

Thomas Parran was designated a member of the IC with Hyde as his alternate. When Thomas Parran resigned as surgeon general in October 1947, Hyde took over Parran’s WHO responsibilities, leading the US delegation at the IC. The IC worked for two years until the first WHO Assembly met in July 1948.

On October 18, 1948, President Truman appointed Hyde the United States representative to the executive board of the WHO. The Senate subsequently confirmed the appointment. Hyde was reappointed to the board by President Eisenhower in 1953 and 1957, and by President Kennedy in 1961. He was chairman of the WHO executive board in 1954 and 1955, and eventually retired from his position with the WHO in 1962.

During Hyde’s tenure as the American representative to the WHO, he focused much of his attention on malaria eradication, with the idea that post-WWII states would develop more quickly with a healthy workforce.   While some have argued that the WHO’s malaria campaigns in the 1950s were a form of Cold War politics,   none of this discourse exists in any of Hyde’s published writings or personal letters. Hyde was intimately concerned with and disturbed by poverty and poverty-related illness, particularly in the developing world.   International public health was not the means to a political end for Hyde. And with respect to Cold War politics, Hyde consistently fought with the US Congress to give money to the WHO without putting political restrictions on its members, including the Soviet Union.   Hyde even petitioned Secretary of State James F. Byrnes in 1946 to establish a formal U.S. policy statement on this matter (which Byrnes apparently denied).

During the 16 years in which Hyde represented the United States at the WHO, he also held other positions in the State Department and USPHS: he was assistant chief of the Division of International Labor, Social and Health Affairs for the Department of State (1945–1948); assistant chief of the Division of International Health of the USPHS (1948–1949); division director for health and sanitation at the Institute of Inter-American Affairs (1950–1952); director of health and sanitation at the Technical Cooperation Administration (1952–1953);
assistant to the surgeon general for international health (1953–1958); from 1958 to 1962, served as director of the division of International Health at the USPHS.

Political missions to communist states: the USSR and Cuba
In 1949, with the Cold War gathering speed and for various political reasons, the USSR resigned its membership in the WHO, not to return again until 1956. The return was due largely to the post-Stalin era warming in international relations. A renewed interest in scientific and cultural exchanges was spearheaded by Nikita Khrushchev and President Eisenhower, who had encouraged people-to-people contacts in his efforts to “wage peace.” The initial official exchanges were in the sciences and the arts. The exchanges were later formalized in the Lacy-Zaroubin Agreement, in which the USSR and the US agreed to exchange experts to gather information and encourage understanding and cooperation between the two nations.

The first of the exchanges was a visit to the USSR (August 13 through September 14, 1957) made by US public health experts, along with an arts exchange that included Hollywood stars of film. Hyde was one of the five-member US public health mission that included Thomas Parran, then dean of the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health; Otis L. Anderson, assistant surgeon general; Malcolm Merrill, California’s director of public health; and Leonid Snegireff, professor at the Harvard University School of Public Health. This group traveled to seven regions throughout the USSR, observing and noting the research and medical practices in the country at that time. The objective of the mission was to open the way for the development of more active relationships between public health and medical leaders of the US and the USSR; and, to facilitate the exchange of technical information in the health fields.

In September 1959, Nikita Khrushchev toured the US, bringing with him Aleksandr Markov, his personal physician and an official in the Soviet health ministry, and Markov’s colleague Dr. V.M. Butrov. The two Russian physicians traveled with Khrushchev throughout the US, visiting major US medical centers along the way before returning to Washington. Markov and Butrov then met with Surgeon General Leroy Burney and Hyde to prepare proposals for continuing and expanding the scientific exchange program to be considered by Khrushchev and President Eisenhower at their upcoming Camp David meeting. In further meetings with the leaders and scientists at the National Institutes of Health, the expected agreement included the addition of a joint US and USSR collaboration in health research.

On December 26, 1962, just two months after the Cuban Missile Crisis, Hyde was contacted by the American Red Cross to serve on a special mission to Cuba.   Hyde accompanied two pharmacists on a chartered flight to Havana arriving on January 2. This medical team met with Fidel Castro to negotiate the release of several political prisoners in Cuba in exchange for medical supplies. One reason Hyde was chosen was that he knew most of the prominent leaders in the Cuban medical community from his work with the WHO. The trip lasted only five days, and Hyde flew back to the US on January 7.

Post-government years
In 1962, after 20 years in the USPHS, Hyde retired from government service and became the director of international medical education at the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). That same year he arranged for the representatives of the University of Rochester and the University of Lagos, Nigeria, to meet to discuss arrangements for faculty recruitment and exchanges for the newly opened medical school. The exchange was subsequently supported the Commonwealth Fund of New York. While at AAMC, Hyde was organizer and on the steering committee for the Institute on International Medical Education’s conference, “Manpower for the World’s Health,” convened in Washington, D.C., in March 1966, and editor of its subsequent journal.

In 1972, Hyde retired from the AAMC and became a founding member and executive director of the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME).  He was one of the moving forces behind that organization’s first international conference, “Population Change: A Strategy for Physicians” held in Stockholm in September 1974, which addressed the issue of “mounting global concern over the precarious balance between population growth and the world’s space and resources…and the medical profession’s unique technical and leadership potential.”   Hyde was the executive director of WFME at the time of his death in Bethesda, Maryland on November 5, 1982.

References

1906 births
1982 deaths
American public health doctors
World Health Organization officials
American officials of the United Nations
Yale University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Rochester people


title: Helen Marot

text:
Helen Marot (June 9, 1865 – June 3, 1940) was an American writer, librarian, and labor organizer. She is best remembered for her efforts to address child labor and improve the working conditions of women. She was from Philadelphia and became active in investigating working conditions among children and women. As a librarian, she worked at several important institutions and helped organize the Free Library of Economics and Political Science in 1897. Marot was a member of the Women's Trade Union League. She later organized the Bookkeepers, Stenographers and Accountants Union in New York. In 1912, she was part of a commission that investigated the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. She was an active writer and her articles about the labor movement appeared in many periodicals of the day.

Early life
Marot was born on June 9, 1865, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She grew up in an affluent family and received a Quaker education. From 1895 to 1896, Marot was the literary editor of Ladies' Home Journal where she was responsible for answering literary queries to the magazine. During this time, she compiled a 288-page reader's guide containing over 5,000 books. Included were some 170 author summaries.

Early library work
Marot left Ladies' Home Journal in April 1896 to organize the King Library of the Church of the Redeemer in Andalusia, Pennsylvania. In September 1896 she worked as a librarian in Wilmington, Delaware, as a cataloger. She stayed at the library for three years. The head librarian at the time, Enos L. Doan, remarked on her work: "She brought to it taste and literary discrimination of a high order—qualities which, in addition to her thorough technical training, gave her unusual efficiency in the performance of her duties."

The Free Library of Economics and Political Science
In 1897 Marot, along with Dr. George M. Gould and Innes Forbes, opened a private library specializing in works on social and economic topics. The Free Library of Economics and Political Science concentrated on issues relating to social and economic reform and was greatly influenced by The Fabian Society, a socialist organization. It was located on the second floor of a department store on Filbert Street in Philadelphia.

The Philadelphia Record described the library in its pages on June 15, 1897:
Philadelphia has been enriched with a library distinctively modern and progressive in spirit... The new library forms an important supplement to the municipal system, since the topics of the day and the problems of the industrial and sociological world cannot be thoroughly followed by an institution for the general circulation of books. With its proposed technical classification of magazine literature and an accessible collection of pamphlets and volumes, the Library of Economics should become a powerful factor for civic and social education in the community and Commonwealth.

Marot explained the importance of the library in 1902: "It was founded on the idea that freely offered opportunities from education in economics and political science make directly for a more intelligent public opinion and a higher citizenship."

The collection included foreign and domestic literature. It consisted of six hundred books, over two thousand pamphlets, and ninety-one periodicals. This literature, more particularly the periodicals, was not found elsewhere and thus met a most specific community need. The entire collection was donated by individuals and various organizations such as American Academy of Political and Social Science, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Church Social Union, Civic Club of Philadelphia, Direct Legislation League, Englishwoman's Review, Fabian Society, Humboldt Publishing Company, Independent Labour Party, Indian Rights Association, Labor Exchange, and Land Nationalization League, among others.

To keep up to date with current information, the library collected news clippings and government publications, reports of labor societies, and other similar works. Indeed, a considerable part of the collection consisted of government, state, and municipal reports received from the United States government, the different states, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and New South Wales. Although the collection was small, teachers, students, and library patrons found its classified and indexed pamphlets and magazine literature concerning present-day problems to be satisfactory.

In addition, the patrons could purchase books and were permitted to check out books when they were unable to come to the reading room during library hours. The library was open daily from 11 a.m. until 6 p.m. and on Sunday, until 10 p.m. The small library soon became "the center of liberal thought in Philadelphia"—a popular gathering place for Philadelphian reformers and socialists. In addition to the usual work of a special library, public and private lectures and classes were given to different associations. Besides being the chairwoman of the library committee, Marot was also on the lectures committee, which were all well attended, the rooms being, in fact, more than filled.

The first lecture addressed the topic of "The Economics of Socialism." It was given free on October 30, 1897, by James R. MacDonald of the London Fabian Society and future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. At the second meeting, on February 8, 1898, Professor Joseph French Johnson, Dr. Henry Rogers Seager, Charles Richardson, and Professor William I. Hull discussed and lectured on "Education in Economics." On March 19, 1898, a lecture on "Economic Education, the Salvation of Society" was given by Dr. Daniel G. Brinton.

Through her library, Helen Marot participated in educating Philadelphians to social changes and pursued the socialist cause for building a more just and humane society with perseverance, courage, and a combination of hardheaded realism and guileless romanticism.

Labor and publishing work

In 1899 she published A Handbook of Labor Literature and also conducted and investigation for the U.S. Industrial Commission into working conditions in the custom tailoring trades in Philadelphia. In 1902 Marot investigated child labor in New York City for the Association of Neighborhood Workers and helped form the New York Child Labor Committee. With Florence Kelley and Josephine Clara Goldmark she drew up a report on child labor in the city that influential in the passage of the 1903 Compulsory Education Act by the state legislature.

In 1906 Marot became executive secretary of the New York branch of the national Women's Trade Union League. Marot also was responsible for creating the Bookkeepers, Stenographers and Accountants Union of New York. She was the organizer and leader of the first great strike of shirtwaist makers and dressmakers (1909–10) under the banner of the new International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.

In 1913, Marot resigned from her work with the trade union league. In 1914, she published American Labor Unions (1914), a work on the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World. She then served on the editorial board of The Masses (1916–17), a radical journal. After, she then served on the staff of The Dial (1918–20). She was also a member of the U.S. Industrial Relations Commission (1914–16).

Helen Marot lived with her life partner, progressive educational reformer Caroline Pratt, until her death in on June 3, 1940, in New York, New York.

See also
 Caroline Pratt (educator)

References

Further reading
 Faderman, Lillian. (1999.) To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done for America--a History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
 Marot, H. (1899.) A handbook of labor literature: Being a classified and annotated list of the more important books and pamphlets in the English language. Philadelphia Free Library of Economics and Political Science: PA. Digitized by University of Michigan Library.
 Marot, H. (1914.) American labor unions. Henry Holt: NY. Digitized.
 Marot, H. (1918.) Creative impulse in industry: A proposition for educators. E.P. Dutton: NY. Digitized.

External links

American librarians
American women librarians
Workers' rights activists
1865 births
1940 deaths
Writers from Philadelphia
American women writers
American librarianship and human rights
Trade unionists from Pennsylvania
International Ladies Garment Workers Union leaders
Activists from Philadelphia
American women trade unionists


2004–05 Second League of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbian: Druga liga Srbije i Crne Gore 2004/05) consisted of two groups, Serbia with 20 teams and Montenegro with 10 teams.

League table

Serbia

Montenegro

References

Second League of Serbia and Montenegro
2004–05 in Serbian football
2004–05 in Montenegrin football
Serbia


Australia men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Australia. The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished first.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished first. The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished first. The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished first. The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished third.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Australia


title: Zec Frémont

text:
The ZEC Frémont is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" (controlled harvesting area) (ZEC) located in administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. This public hunting and fishing area is managed by the "Association de chasse et pêche Frémont" (Association of Fish and Game Frémont). Zec Frémont was established in 1978 as part of the abolition of private clubs by the Government of Québec.

Territory

Zec Fremont is located entirely in forest areas in the territory of the city of La Tuque west of Saint-Maurice River. It shares its boundaries with the Zec du Gros-Brochet to the south. The Zec is an area of 601 km2. This territory houses 250 lakes (85 are used for fishing) and two rivers also used for fishing

The main lake in the Zec is Sincennes Lake, located southwest of the territory of the Zec. The other lakes are Wilfred, Mansfield, Seal and Frémont. The latter is formed while length by a bulge in the Flamand River which runs north at first, then west to empty in the Réservoir Blanc, on Saint-Maurice River.

Toponymy

The toponym "Zec Frémont" borrows the name of the canton (township) and the lake of the same name, which are included in its territory. These three names pay homage to Jules-Joseph-Taschereau Frémont (1855-1902), a lawyer admitted to the Barreau du Québec in 1878 and Doctor of Laws (1887) and professor of this discipline to the Université Laval.

References

Protected areas of Mauricie
Protected areas established in 1978
Geography of La Tuque, Quebec
1978 establishments in Quebec


The 2004–05 Second League of Serbia and Montenegro – Group Serbia (Serbian: Друга лига Србије и Црне Горе 2004/05 – група Србија, Druga liga Srbije i Crne Gore 2004/05 – grupa Srbija) consisted of 20 teams. Two teams were promoted to the Serbia and Montenegro SuperLiga and six were relegated the Serbian League.

League table

Results

Relegation play-offs
First legs were player on 3 July and second legs on 6 July 2005.

External links
Druga liga at Srbijasport
Tables and results at RSSSF

Serbian First League seasons
2004–05 in Serbian football
Serbia


title: Lindera subcoriacea

text:
Lindera subcoriacea, the bog spicebush, is a plant species native to the southeastern United States from Louisiana to Virginia. It is a shrub that can reach up to  in height. Leaves are broadly elliptic, up to 8 cm (3.2 inches) long, and faintly aromatic when young. Flowers are yellow. Fruits are ellipsoid, deep red, about 10 mm (0.4 inches) long.  It grows in acidic freshwater swamp forests in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions.  In the northern portion of its range in the Carolinas and Virginia, L. subcoriacea is found only in the specialized stream pocosin habitat, while in the southern portion from Georgia onwards, it is found only in the wettest portions of the sphagnum bog habitat. As it is specialized and restricted to both of these very rare and unique ecosystems, L. subcoriacea is endangered due to habitat destruction and fire suppression. Only around 95 sites are known across this species' range to still sustain it, and most of these have only 1 to 5 genetically distinct individuals.

References

subcoriacea
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Plants described in 1983


title: Krejčír

text:
Krejčír is a Czech-language occupational surname, literally meaning 'tailor'. Notable people with the surname include:

Radovan Krejčíř (born 1968), Czech convicted criminal
Timothy Wayne Krajcir (born Timothy Wayne McBride; November 28, 1944) American serial killer

Occupational surnames
Czech-language surnames


Venezuela men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Venezuela. The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished eighth. The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished sixth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished ninth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Venezuela
Men's sport in Venezuela
Youth sport in Venezuela


title: Reliquary of Saint Eustace

text:
The Reliquary of Saint Eustace is a medieval silver and wooden holy container in the shape of Saint Eustace's head that once formed part of Basel Minster's treasury. The treasury was acquired by the Canton of Basel in 1836 and shortly afterwards sold at auction to collectors and museums across Europe. The reliquary was later bought by the British Museum.

History
For centuries the reliquary belonged to the cathedral treasury of Basel in Switzerland, where it was first recorded in 1477.  It was sold, along with the rest of the treasury, in 1836, shortly after their acquisition by the canton of Basel. After passing through several owners, it was purchased by the British Museum in 1850.

Description
The main image shows the repoussé silver-gilt cover of the reliquary modelled in the shape of the saint's head, which was made between 1180 and 1200 AD.  It is adorned with a headband composed of glass and various precious stones. Around the base, twelve gold figures of the Apostles stand within arcading.  Inside was a contemporary sycamore wooden case with a hollow compartment that held the relics of various saints and fragments of a skull that may have been from the head of Saint Eustace. The wooden head and relics were only discovered when the outer silver case was being cleaned in 1956.

Relic Deposit
From the ninth century, enshrining items which had once belonged to saints or church leaders, such as their bones or parts of their clothing,  was an important feature of religious life in early medieval Europe. The reliquary could often be in the shape of a foot, arm, bell or even a domed building. In this case, the medieval silversmith had designed the relic deposit container in the shape of St. Eustace's head, who was an important Roman military saint. The image was designed to convey the sacredness and majesty of the saint to the pious faithful. Many of these luxury items were later melted down and destroyed during the reformation.

Gallery

References

Further reading
J.C.H. King (ed.), Human image (London, The British Museum Press, 2000)
J. Robinson, Masterpieces: Medieval Art (London, British Museum Press, 2008)
T. Richard Blurton (ed.), The enduring image: treasures, exh. cat (British Council, 1997)

Medieval European objects in the British Museum
Silver objects
Christian reliquaries


Czech Republic men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Czech Republic. The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished tenth.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished eighth.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished eighth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished eleventh.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished tenth.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in the Czech Republic
Men's sport in the Czech Republic
Youth sport in the Czech Republic


title: Irish National Heritage Park

text:
The Irish National Heritage Park is an open-air museum near Wexford which tells the story of human settlement in Ireland from the Mesolithic period up to the Norman Invasion in 1169. It has 16 reconstructed dwellings including a Mesolithic camp, a Neolithic farmstead, a portal dolmen, a cyst grave, stone circle, medieval ringfort, monastic site, crannóg, and a Viking harbour. It opened in 1987 and is open to the public 363 days of the year. It covers 13.7 hectares of parkland, estuary trails, and wetland forest. It is a not for profit organisation and all its receipts from admissions, restaurant, and shop sales go directly back into the running and maintenance of the park.

The park offers guided tours led by costumed guides, as well as audio guides or self guiding options. The guided tour lasts about one and a half hours and ends at the reconstructed Viking harbour. The park also contains a restaurant and a gift shop. The Trials of Tuan are a set of activities for children throughout the park, culminating in panning for gold.

Facilities
The park has a carpark, toilets, and a restaurant.

Courses and events
The park runs a selection of courses throughout the year ranging from blacksmithing and wood carving, to stone masonry and mounted combat, as well as other events throughout the year. One of the goals of the park is to bring traditional skills back into the public imagination and make them accessible to as many people as possible.

Carrig, digging the lost town
The newest addition to the park is an archaeological excavation at the site of the first Norman fortification in Ireland, on the hill of Carrig overlooking the river Slaney. The park partnered with the IAFS (Irish Archaeology Field School) to excavate and research the site providing studying opportunities for international students. The site contains a ringwork, burnt wooden structures, and a later stone castle. A town grew around the castle and existed till the 1300s.

References

External links

 Heritage park's Youtube channel

Open-air museums in the Republic of Ireland
Museums in County Wexford
History museums in the Republic of Ireland
1987 establishments in Ireland
Museums established in 1987


title: List of American Indian Wars weapons

text:
This is a list of weapons used in the American Indian Wars and Canadian Indigenous conflicts.

Offensive weapons

Edged weapons

 Claymore
 Cutlass
 Dirk
 Flail
 Gunstock war club
 Improvised knife
 Inuit axe
 Jawbone war club
 Khanjali
 Lance
 Lochaber axe
 Morning star
 Pernach
 Shashka
 Snow knife
 Spear
 Stone war club
 Toggling harpoon
 Tomahawk
 Ulu
 War hatchet
 Wooden war club (sharp headed version and curve headed version)

Sidearms

 Colt M1873 Single Action Army

Shotguns

 Coach gun

Rifles and muskets

 Charleville M1728 and M1763 musket
 Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
 Henry M1860 repeating rifle
 Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
 Pattern P1722 Brown Bess musket
 Peabody M1862 Action rifle
 Sharps M1848, M1863 carbine and rifle
 Spencer M1860 repeating carbine and rifle
 Springfield M1873 Trapdoor rifle

Projectile weapons

 Bow
 Crossbow
 Throwing dart
 Throwing knife
 Throwing spear
 Throwing tomahawk

Explosives and grenades

 Adams grenade
 Dynamite
 Ketchum grenade
 Rains grenade
 Rains landmine

Machine guns

 Gatling machine gun

Artillery

 Hotchkiss cannon
 Parrott 10-pounder M1861 cannon

Defensive weapons

Shields and body armor

 War shield

References

Bibliography

Weapons
Weapons
Weapons by war
Lists of weapons


title: Twiqbal

text:
Twiqbal is a colloquial term in American law (civil procedure), referring to two separate US Supreme Court cases that heightened the pleading standard under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Together, these cases made it more difficult to sue in federal court by requiring that plaintiffs demonstrate that their claims are "plausible", rather than simply describing the case in sufficient detail to put the defendant on notice.

The two cases are Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009), and "Twiqbal" is a portmanteau of Twombly and Iqbal. Because the two cases together have wrought a significant change in American civil procedure, the cases together, and the principle for which the cases stand, have both become commonly referred to as Twiqbal.

Iqbal expansion of Twombly
The Supreme Court's 2009 Iqbal case elaborated the heightened standard of pleading it established two years previously in Twombly, and established that it was generally applicable in all federal civil litigation and not limited to antitrust law:

Two working principles underlie our decision in Twombly. First, the tenet that a court must accept as true all of the allegations contained in a complaint is inapplicable to legal conclusions. ... Second, only a complaint that states a plausible claim for relief survives a motion to dismiss. Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief will, as the Court of Appeals observed, be a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense. In keeping with these principles a court considering a motion to dismiss can choose to begin by identifying pleadings that, because they are no more than conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth. While legal conclusions can provide the framework of a complaint, they must be supported by factual allegations. When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief. Our decision in Twombly illustrates the two-pronged approach.

Effects of Twiqbal
The effect of these two decisions has been described as "incredibly consequential" and "controversial". After Iqbal was decided, expanding Twombly'''s reach beyond antitrust law, legislation was introduced to reverse the cases and re-introduce "notice pleading"; neither bill passed.

 See also
 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP)
 Pleading (United States)

 Notes

 Further reading
 David Freeman Engstrom, "The Twiqbal Puzzle and Empirical Study of Civil Procedure", 65 Stanford Law Review 1203 (June 2013).
 William M. Janssen, "The Odd State of Twiqbal Plausibility in Pleading Affirmative Defenses", 70 Washington and Lee Law Review 3 (June 2013).
 A. Benjamin Spencer, "Pleading and Access to Civil Justice: A Response to Twiqbal Apologists", 60 UCLA Law Review'' 1710 (2013).

United States civil procedure
United States civil procedure case law
United States motion to dismiss case law


title: Charles Howell

text:
Charles Howell may refer to:

 Charles Howell (British politician) (1905–1974), British Labour Party politician
 Charles Augustus Howell (1840–1890), art dealer and alleged blackmailer
 Charles Henry Howell (1824–1905), architect of lunatic asylums in England
 Charles R. Howell (1904–1973), American Democratic Party politician
 Charles Howell III (born 1979), American golfer
 Charles Andrew Howell III (born 1930), American businessman and politician
 Charles Gough Howell (1894–1942), Welsh lawyer and British colonial official
 Charlie Howell (1874–1934), Australian rules footballer


title: Stephen Alexander

text:
Stephen or Steven Alexander may refer to:

Stephen Alexander (American football) (born 1975), American football tight end
Steven Alexander (singer), on The Voice UK
Stephen Alexander (astronomer) (1806–1883), astronomer and educator

See also
Steve Alexander (disambiguation)


title: Shevtsov

text:
Shevtsov (; feminine: Shevtsova) is a Russian-language surname derived from the Ukrainian term shvets for "cobbler/shoemaker", literally meaning "child of cobbler".

During the Soviet times, Russian names and surnames in international passports were transliterated using French-language system, and these surnames were spelled as Chevtsov/Chevtsova.

The surname may refer to:

 Andrei Shevtsov (born 1961), Russian football player
 Illya Shevtsov (born 2000), Ukrainian football player
 Irina Shevtsova (born 1983), Russian mathematician
 Lilia Shevtsova (born 1949), Ukrainian Kremlinology expert
 Lyubov Shevtsova (1924–1943), Soviet partisan
 Lyudmila Shevtsova (born 1934), Russian athlete
 Makar Shevtsov (born 1980), Russian football player
 Oleg Shevtsov (born 1971), Russian ice hockey player
 Tatiana Shevtsova (born 1969), Russian politician
 Vasily Shevtsov (born 1975), Russian actor
 Yuri Shevtsov (born 1959), Belarusian handball player

See also
 Shvets
 Shevchuk
 Shevchenko

Russian-language surnames
Occupational surnames
Surnames of Ukrainian origin


title: Charles Huber

text:
Charles Huber may refer to:

 Charles E. Huber (1845–1904), Los Angeles City Council member
 Charles M. Huber (born 1956), German politician and actor


title: Fiona Kelly

text:
Fiona Kelly may refer to:

Fiona Kelly (author)
Fiona Kelly (writer) on All Saints (season 12)
Fiona Kelly, character in Raw (TV series)
Fiona Kelly, singer on The Voice UK (series 3)


title: List of cultural monuments in Rimavská Sobota

text:
That list contains the 37 buildings and structures officially designated as cultural monuments in Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia.

Sources
 English translation of the Slovak Wikipedia

Buildings and structures in Banská Bystrica Region
Heritage registers in Slovakia


title: Chris Royal

text:
Chris(topher) Royal, Chris Royal, or Royle may refer to:

Christopher Royal, athlete
Chris Royal (singer)
Chris Royal (cookbook author)


title: 2014 U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships – Doubles

text:
Bob and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Eric Butorac and Raven Klaasen, 4–6, 4–6.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

References
 Main Draw

U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships - Doubles
2014 Men's Doubles


Denmark men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Denmark. The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished ninth.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished tenth.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished eighth. The team competed at the 2014 ISF Jr. Mens World Championships in Whitehorse, Yukon where it finished 9th. The team competed in the 2016 ISF Jr. Men's Championships in Midland, Michigan where it finished 11th. The team competed at the 2018 WBSC Jr. Men's World Championships in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan where it finished 13th.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Softball
Men's junior national softball teams
Softball in Denmark
Men's sport in Denmark
Youth sport in Denmark