title: Georgi Dermendzhiev

text:
Georgi Nikolov Dermendziev (; born 4 January 1955) is a Bulgarian professional football manager and former player who played as a defender.

Coaching career
After managing Spartak Plovdiv as a head coach for one season, he became an assistant at Litex Lovech under Ferario Spasov. He remained in this role for several years, followed by short spells at Botev Plovdiv and Sliven. He later briefly managed the latter during the 2010-11 A Group, but was unable to help them avoid relegation.

Ludogorets Razgrad
On July 31, 2014, Dermendzhiev replaced Stoycho Stoev as head coach at Ludogorets following the latter's disappointing 0-0 home draw against Partizan Belgrade in a Champions League qualifying match.

On 27 August 2014, Dermendzhiev became the second Bulgarian manager (after Stanimir Stoilov in 2006) to qualify a team from his country to the group stage of the Champions League. On 22 October 2014 he became the first Bulgarian coach to achieve a win in the Champions League's group phase when Ludogorets beat Basel.

He resigned from the team on 31 May 2015, but after Ludogorets was unsuccessfully led by his successors Bruno Ribeiro and Eduard Eranosyan, he was appointed again as manager on 6 November.

In the 2016–17 Champions League Ludogorets won the qualifiers against Mladost Podgorica and Red Star Belgrade, and the play-off against Viktoria Plzeň, respectively, thus becoming the first Bulgarian team to qualify twice for the group stage of the tournament, both times with Georgi Dermendzhiev as a coach.

Dermendzhiev resigned on 9 August 2017 after the team failed to win the 2017 Bulgarian Supercup.

Ordabasy
On 9 January 2018 Dermendzhiev signed a deal with the Kazakhstan Premier League team Ordabasy. He left the position in June 2018.

Levski Sofia
On 22 January 2019, Dermendzhiev returned to Bulgaria, being appointed as head coach of Levski Sofia. He was released from his duties on 29 April 2019.

Bulgaria
In October 2019, Dermendzhiev was appointed as head coach of the national team to manage the side during the remaining Euro 2020 qualifiers. In April 2020, his contract was extended for an additional six months, with the option for a further one year and a half. In December 2020, the Football Union announced that Dermendzhiev will not continue in his position as manager after the national team failed to qualify for Euro 2020 via the playoff route and was relegated from League B to League C in the Nations League. Dermendzhiev had previously faced strong criticism by Minister of Youth and Sports Krasen Kralev due to the perceived failure to integrate more U-21 players into the senior team and the results attained, including the team's tendency to concede last-minute goals.

Ludogorets Razgrad
In October 2023, Dermendzhiev was appointed manager of Ludogorets Razgrad for the third time.

Managerial statistics

Career honours

Player
Slavia Sofia
Bulgarian Cup:
Winners (1): 1979–80

Head coach
Ludogorets Razgrad

Bulgarian A Group:
Champions (3): 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17

Bulgarian Supercup:
Winners (1): 2014

Bulgarian Manager of the Year:
Winner (1): 2014

References

External links
Official website

1955 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
PFC Slavia Sofia players
FC Yantra Gabrovo players
PFC Spartak Plovdiv players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Men's association football defenders
Bulgarian football managers
Bulgarian expatriate football managers
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad managers
FC Ordabasy managers
PFC Levski Sofia managers
Expatriate football managers in Kazakhstan
Bulgarian expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Footballers from Plovdiv
Bulgaria national football team managers


title: Petrograd Soviet

text:
The Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (, Petrogradskij sovjet rabočih i soldatskih deputatov) was a city council of Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), the capital of Russia at the time. For brevity, it is usually called the Petrograd Soviet (, Petrogradskiy soviet).

The Soviet was established in March 1917 after the February Revolution as a representative body of the city's workers and soldiers, while the city already had its well-established city council, the  (Central Duma). During the revolutionary days, the council tried to extend its jurisdiction nationwide as a rival power center to the Provisional Government, creating what in Soviet historiography is known as the Dvoyevlastiye (Dual power). Its committees were key components during the Russian Revolution and some of them led the armed revolt of the October Revolution.

Formation
Before 1914, Petrograd was known as Saint Petersburg, and in 1905 the workers' soviet called the St Petersburg Soviet was created. But the main precursor to the 1917 Petrograd Soviet was the Central Workers' Group (Центральная Рабочая Группа, Tsentral'naya Rabochaya Gruppa), founded in November 1915 by the Mensheviks to mediate between workers and the new Central War Industry Committee in Petrograd. The group became increasingly radical as World War I progressed and the economic situation worsened, encouraging street demonstrations and issuing revolutionary proclamations.

On January 27, 1917 (all dates Old Style) the entire leadership of the Central Workers' Group was arrested and taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress on the orders of Alexander Protopopov, the Minister of the Interior in Imperial Russia. They were freed by a crowd of disaffected soldiers on the morning of February 27, the beginning of the February Revolution, and the chairman convened a meeting to organize and elect a Soviet of Workers' Deputies that day.

That evening, between 69 and 300 people attended the meeting at the Tauride Palace. A provisional executive committee (Ispolkom) was chosen, named "Provisional Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers' Deputies" and chaired by Nikolay Chkheidze, and with mostly Menshevik deputies. (Chkheize was replaced by Irakli Tsereteli in late March). Izvestia was chosen as the official newspaper of the group. The following day, February 28, was the plenary session; elected representatives from factories and the military joined the soviet, and again moderates dominated. Non-representative voting and enthusiasm gave the Soviet almost 3,000 deputies in two weeks, of which the majority were soldiers. The meetings were chaotic, confused, and unruly, little more than a stage for speechmakers. The party-based Ispolkom quickly took charge of actual decision-making.

Chairmen
 Nikolay Chkheidze, March 12 – September 19, 1917
 Leon Trotsky, . –
 Grigory Zinoviev, December 13, 1917 – March 26, 1926

Executive committee

The members of the Executive Committee, called Ispolkom, came only from political groups, with every socialist party given three seats (agreed March 18). This created an intellectual and radical head to the peasant-, worker-, and soldier-dominated body. The Executive Committee meetings were more intense and almost as disorderly as the public meetings and were often extremely long.

On March 1, the Executive Committee resolved to remain outside any new State Duma. This allowed the group to criticize without responsibility, and kept them away from any potential backlash. On March 2, the Soviet received the eight-point program of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, appointed an oversight committee (nabliudatel'nyi komitet), and issued a decidedly conditional statement of support. Moreover, the Soviet undermined the Provisional Government by issuing its own orders, beginning with the seven-article Order No. 1. The Soviet was not opposed to the war – internal divisions produced a public ambivalence–but was deeply worried about counterrevolutionary moves from the military, and was determined to have garrison troops firmly on its side.

Other committees
 Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (Milrevkom)
 Committee on Revolutionary Defense

Power struggle with the Provisional Government
The Petrograd Soviet developed into an alternate source of authority to the Provisional Government under (Prince) Georgy Lvov and later Alexander Kerensky.

This created a situation described as dvoevlastie (dual power), in which the Petrograd Soviet competed for legitimacy with the Provisional Government until the October Revolution.

The Ispolkom (the "executive committee") of the Petrograd Soviet often publicly attacked the Provisional Government as bourgeois and boasted of its de facto power over de jure authority (control over post, telegraphs, the press, railroads, food supply, and other infrastructure). A "shadow government" with a Contact Commission was created on March 8 to "inform... [the Provisional Government] about the demands of the revolutionary people, to exert pressure on the government to dissatisfy all these demands, and to exercise uninterrupted control over their implementation." On March 19, the control extended into the military front lines with commissars appointed with Ministry of War support.

In March 1917, the Petrograd Soviet was opposed to the workers, which protested its deliberations with strikes. On March 8, the Menshevik newspaper Rabochaia Gazeta even claimed that the strikers were discrediting the soviet by disobeying it.

The Ispolkom expanded to 19 members on April 8, nine representing the Soldiers' Section, and then the Workers' Section. All members were socialists, the majority Mensheviks or Socialist-Revolutionaries; there was no Bolshevik representation. After the first All-Russian Congress of Soviets (June/July 1917), the Petrograd Soviet began adding representatives from other parts of Russia and the front lines, renaming itself the All-Russian Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. The executive committee became the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (CEC or VTsIK) with over 70 members (but no peasant representatives). The mass meetings of the body tapered from daily in the first weeks to roughly weekly by April.

Rise of the Bolsheviks
The rise of the Bolsheviks throughout 1917 is known as the Bolshevization of soviets. The Bolsheviks rapidly assumed the mantle of the official opposition, and took advantage of the new socialist presence in the Cabinet to attack them for the failures of the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks began a strong run of propaganda. In June, 100,000 copies of Pravda (including Soldatskaya Pravda, Golos Pravdy, and Okopnaya Pravda) were printed daily. In July, over 350,000 leaflets were distributed. The July Days riots from July 16–17, inspired but not led by the Bolsheviks, were without success.

The rise of Kerensky, and the later shock of the Kornilov affair, polarized the political scene. The Petrograd Soviet moved steadily leftwards, just as those of the center and right consolidated around Kerensky. Despite the events in July, the Ispolkom moved to protect the Bolsheviks from serious consequences, adopting resolutions on August 4 and August 18 against the arrest and prosecution of Bolsheviks. Still wary of the Ispolkom, the government released many senior Bolsheviks on bail or promise of good behavior.

In the August 20 municipal elections, the Bolsheviks took a third of the votes, a 50% increase in three months.

During the Kornilov affair, the Ispolkom was forced to use the Bolsheviks' military as its main force against the "counter-revolution". Kerensky ordered the distribution of 40,000 rifles to the workers of Petrograd (some Red Guards), many of which ended in the hands of Bolshevik groups.

As other socialist parties abandoned the Soviet organizations, the Bolsheviks increased their presence. On September 25, they gained a majority in the Workers' Section and Leon Trotsky was elected chairman. He directed the transformation of the Soviet into a revolutionary organ according to Bolshevik policies.

October days of 1917

On October 6, with a German advance threatening the city, the government - after advice from the military – made plans to evacuate to Moscow. The Ispolkom attacked the move, and Trotsky had the soldiers' section, who were mostly Mensheviks, vote on a resolution condemning the evacuation. The Provisional Government postponed evacuation indefinitely. Its attempts to dispatch Petrograd garrison units to the front were resisted by the troops and by the Ispolkom.

On October 9, the Soviets considered the creation of a Committee of Revolutionary Defense. The Bolsheviks and Trotsky amended the resolution to include security of Petrograd against both German and domestic threats. The Plenum of the Soviet voted for a committee to "gather... all the forces participating in the defense of Petrograd... to arm the workers... ensuring the revolutionary defense of Petrograd... against the... military and civilian Kornilovites."

The Ispolkom approved the resolution, against Menshevik resistance, on October 12, and the Soviet approved it on October 16 (despite warnings by the Mensheviks and SRs), creating the Military Revolutionary Committee (Voenno-Revoliutsionnyi Komitet), also called the Milrevcom or Military Committee.

The Military-Revolutionary Committee was chaired by Pavel Lazimir, with Nikolai Podvoisky as his deputy. It was a front for the activities of the Bolshevik's Military Organization. Podvoisky would take official control of the Committee on the day of the uprising, with Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko as secretary. The Ispolkom and the Provisional Government had been cut out of control of the forces in the Petrograd Military District, since very few of them remained loyal to them.

The Military Staff was sidelined on the night of October 21, when the Milrevcom took exclusive control of the garrison in the name of the Soldiers' Section of the Soviet. The District Commander, Colonel Polkovnikov, refused to allow this control, and he and his staff were condemned in a Milrevcom public statement as "a direct weapon of the counter-revolutionary forces". The military command responded with an ultimatum to the Soviet, which led to delaying negotiations and meetings on October 23 and  24.

The Bolshevik-popular uprising began on October 24, when "liberal" forces tried to shut down Pravda and take other steps to secure the government. The Milrevcom sent armed groups to seize the main telegraph offices and lower the bridges across the Neva. That night, the Bolsheviks took control quickly and easily, since the vast majority of both the guard and the workers had sided with them, participating in the plans of the "Milrevcom".

The following morning at 10 am, the Milrevcom issued an announcement written by Lenin, declaring the end of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the Petrograd Soviet. In the early afternoon, Trotsky convened an Extraordinary Session of the Petrograd Soviet, to preempt the Congress of Soviets. It was packed with Bolsheviks and Left SR deputies.

That evening, the Second Congress of Soviets opened in the Assembly Hall in Smolny. The 600 or so delegates chose a Presidium of 3 Mensheviks and 21 Bolsheviks and Left SRs.

The following day, the Ispolkom rejected the workings of the Congress and called on the Soviets and the army to defend the Revolution. But in the evening, the Congress dismissed the Ispolkom and replaced it with a new group of 101 members (62 Bolsheviks) under Lev Borisovich Kamenev. It also approved the Decree on Peace, the Decree on Land and the formation of a new government – the Council of People's Commissars (Soviet Narodnykh Komissarov, abbreviated to Sovnarkom) – until the meeting of the Constituent Assembly. The Sovnarkom was meant to be an executive governing body directly accountable to the newly created Central Executive Committee (CEC/VTsIK) which would act as a standing-body of the (legislative) Soviet between full sessions of the Congress of Soviets, though in practice Sovnarkom would eclipse the CEC/TSiK in autonomy and power.

References

 - Total pages: 275

1917 establishments in Russia
Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Legislatures of the Soviet Union
Organizations established in 1917
Organizations of the Russian Revolution


The Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Animation is an annual merit by the Africa Film Academy to reward the best animated films for the year.

See also

 List of animation awards

References

Lists of award winners
Africa Movie Academy Awards
Animation awards


title: Counter-revolutionary

text:
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "counter-revolutionary" pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs, or the principles, that prevailed during a prerevolutionary era.

Definition
A counter-revolution is opposition or resistance to a revolutionary movement. It can refer to attempts to defeat a revolutionary movement before it takes power, as well as attempts to restore the old regime after a successful revolution.

Europe

France

The word "counter-revolutionary" originally referred to thinkers who opposed themselves to the 1789 French Revolution, such as Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald or, later, Charles Maurras, the founder of the Action Française monarchist movement. More recently, it has been used in France to describe political movements that reject the legacy of the 1789 Revolution, which historian René Rémond has referred to as légitimistes. Thus, monarchist supporters of the Ancien Régime following the French Revolution were counter-revolutionaries, as were supporters of the War in the Vendée and of the monarchies that put down the various Revolutions of 1848. The royalist legitimist counter-revolutionary French movement survives to this day, albeit marginally. It was active during the Révolution nationale of Vichy France, though, which has been considered by René Rémond not as a fascist regime but as a counter-revolutionary regime, whose motto was Travail, Famille, Patrie ("Work, Family, Fatherland"), which replaced the Republican motto Liberté, égalité, fraternité.

After the French Revolution, anti-clerical policies and the execution of King Louis XVI led to the War in the Vendée. This counter-revolution produced what is considered by some historians to be the first modern genocide. Monarchists and Catholics took up arms against the revolutionary French Republic in 1793 after the government asked that 300,000 men be conscripted into the Republican military in the levée en masse. The Vendeans also rose up against Napoleon's attempt to conscript them in 1815.

Germany
The German Empire, and its predecessors the Holy Roman Empire and German Confederation, operated under counterrevolutionary principles, with these monarchical federations crushing attempted uprisings in, for example, 1848. After the 1867–71 creation of a new German realm by Prussia, chancellor Otto von Bismarck used policies favored by Socialists (such as state-sponsored healthcare) to undercut the opponents of the monarchy and protect it against revolution.

Not long after the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and signing of the Treaty of Versailles, a failed coup d'état known as the Kapp Putsch was instigated by various elements opposed to the Weimar Republic. It was led principally by Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz.

During the Weimar era, the German Realm became an ideological battlefield between "red" and "white" factions, with the state eventually becoming bifurcated between the conservative Junker nobility which dominated the army and other high offices, including the presidency with Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, and the leftist revolutionaries who attempted several coups in the 1920s and later gained a base in parliament via the Communist Party of Germany, which, being internationalist in nature, opposed the extremist nationalism of the new Nazi Party. The Nazis, by making common cause with the counterrevolutionaries against the Communists, effected a takeover of the German state, at first under the adopted imagery of the monarchical era and only later (after the death of Hindenburg) under purely Nazi imagery.

The Nazis did not publicly characterise themselves as counterrevolutionaries; they condemned the traditional German forces of conservatism (e.g., Prussian monarchists, Junkers, and Roman Catholic clergy), for example in the Nazi Party march Die Fahne hoch which labeled them as reactionaries (Reaktion) and counted them together with the Red Front as enemies of the Nazis. Nevertheless, in practice the Nazis supported many of the same ideas as the counterrevolutionary factions and virulently opposed revolutionary Marxism (e.g., using the conservative Freikorps to crush Communist uprisings), ostensibly idealising German tradition, folklore, and heroes, such as Frederick the Great. The fact that the Nazis called their 1933 rise to power the national revolution showed that they understood the popular hunger for some type of radical change; nonetheless, they understood the equally powerful popular impulse toward stability and continuity, and rejected the parliamentarianism of the Weimar Constitution as merely a first step towards Bolshevism. Thus, for instance, they catered to reactionary tendencies among the German people by propagandistic demonstrations linking the Nazi state to the traditional Reich ("realm" or "empire") by referring to it informally as the "Drittes Reich" ("Third Realm"), implying a specious continuity between it and the historic German entities appealing to German reactionaries: the Holy Roman Empire (the "First Realm") and the German Empire (the "Second Realm"). (See also reactionary modernism.)

Great Britain

Many historians have held that the rise and spread of Methodism in Great Britain prevented the development of a revolution there. In addition to preaching the Christian Gospel, John Wesley and his Methodist followers visited those imprisoned, as well as the poor and aged, building hospitals and dispensaries which provided free healthcare for the masses. The sociologist William H. Swatos stated that "Methodist enthusiasm transformed men, summoning them to assert rational control over their own lives, while providing in its system of mutual discipline the psychological security necessary for autonomous conscience and liberal ideals to become internalized, an integrated part of the 'new men' ... regenerated by Wesleyan preaching." The practice of temperance among Methodists, as well as their rejection of gambling, allowed them to eliminate secondary poverty and accumulate capital. Individuals who attended Methodist chapels and Sunday schools "took into industrial and political life the qualities and talents they had developed within Methodism and used them on behalf of the working classes in non-revolutionary ways." The spread of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, author and professor Michael Hill states, "filled both a social and an ideological vacuum" in English society, thus "opening up the channels of social and ideological mobility ... which worked against the polarization of English society into rigid social classes." The historian Bernard Semmel argues that "Methodism was an antirevolutionary movement that succeeded (to the extent that it did) because it was a revolution of a radically different kind" that was capable of effecting social change on a large scale.

Italy
In Italy, after being conquered by Napoleon's army in the late 18th century, there was a counter-revolution in all the French client republics. The most well-known was the Sanfedismo, a reactionary movement led by the cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, which overthrew the Parthenopean Republic and allowed the Bourbon dynasty to return to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples. A resurgence of the phenomenon happened during the Napoleon's second Italian campaign in the early 19th century. Another example of counter-revolution was the peasants' rebellion in Southern Italy after the national unification, fomented by the Bourbon government in exile and the Papal States. The revolt, labelled pejoratively by opponents as brigandage, resulted in a bloody civil war that lasted almost ten years.

Austria
In the Austrian Empire, a revolt took place against Napoleon called the Tyrolean Rebellion in 1809. Led by a Tyrolean innkeeper by the name of Andreas Hofer, 20,000 Tyrolean rebels fought successfully against Napoleon's troops. However, Hofer was ultimately betrayed by the Treaty of Schönbrunn, which led to the disbandment of his troops and was captured and executed in 1810.

Spain
The Spanish Civil War was a counter-revolution. Supporters of Carlism, monarchy, and nationalism (see Falange) joined forces against the (Second) Spanish Republic in 1936. The counter-revolutionaries saw the Spanish Constitution of 1931 as a revolutionary document that defied Spanish culture, tradition and religion. On the Republican side, the acts of the Communist Party of Spain against the rural collectives are also sometimes considered counter-revolutionary. The Carlist cause began with the First Carlist War in 1833 and continues to the present.

Russia

The White Army and its supporters who tried to defeat the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution, as well as the German politicians, police, soldiers and Freikorps who crushed the German Revolution of 1918–1919, were also counter-revolutionaries. The Bolshevik government tried to build an anti-revolutionary image for the Green armies composed of peasant rebels. The largest peasant rebellion against Bolshevik rule occurred in 1920–21 in Tambov.

Hispanic America
General Victoriano Huerta, and later the Felicistas, attempted to thwart the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s. In the late 1920s, Mexican Catholics took up arms against the Mexican Federal Government in what became known as the Cristero War. The President of Mexico, Plutarco Elias Calles, was elected in 1924. Calles began carrying out anti-Catholic policies which caused peaceful resistance from Catholics in 1926. The counter-revolution began as a movement of peaceful resistance against the anti-clerical laws. In the summer of 1926, fighting broke out. The fighters known as Cristeros fought the government due to its suppression of the Church, jailing and execution of priests, formation of a nationalist schismatic church, state atheism, Socialism, Freemasonry and other harsh anti-Catholic policies.

The 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion into Cuba was conducted by counter-revolutionaries who hoped to overthrow the revolutionary government of Fidel Castro. In the 1980s, the Contra-Revolución rebels fighting to overthrow the revolutionary Sandinista government in Nicaragua. In fact, the Contras received their name precisely because they were counter-revolutionaries.

The Black Eagles, the AUC, and other paramilitary movements of Colombia can also be seen as counter-revolutionary. These right-wing groups are opposition to the FARC, and other left-wing guerrilla movements.

Some counter-revolutionaries are former revolutionaries who supported the initial overthrow of the previous regime, but came to differ with those who ultimately came to power after the revolution. For example, some of the Contras originally fought with the Sandinistas to overthrow Anastasio Somoza, and some of those who oppose Castro also opposed Batista.

Asia

Japan

During the mid-19th century Bakumatsu, especially during the Japanese civil war of 1868–1869, the pro-bakufu forces and especially the samurai (and after the period ex-samurai) were left without money since their skills are obsolete, so they banded up with the eastern shogunate led by the Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu who wished to drive foreign and especially Western European and American influence against the revolutionaries of Emperor Meiji who sought to modernize Japan with the states of Western Europe as Japan's example. The war ended with a small number of casualties, most of whom were the samurai. Years later though, western samurai and imperial modernists then engaged in the deadlier Satsuma Rebellion.

China

In 1917, during the Warlord Era general Zhang Xun attempted to reverse the 1911 Revolution that brought an end to the Qing dynasty by seizing Beijing in the Manchu Restoration.

The anti-communist (and thus counterrevolutionary) Kuomintang party in China used the term "counter-revolutionary" to disparage the communists and other opponents of its regime. Chiang Kai-shek, the Kuomintang party leader, was the chief user of this term.

The reason that the nominally conservative Kuomintang used this terminology was that the party had several leftist revolutionary influences in its ideology left over from the party's beginnings. The Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek used the words "feudal" and "counter-revolutionary" as synonyms for evil, and backwardness, and proudly proclaimed themselves to be revolutionary. Chiang called the warlords feudalists, and called for feudalism and counter-revolutionaries to be stamped out by the Kuomintang. Chiang showed extreme rage when he was called a warlord, because of its negative, feudal connotations.

Chiang also crushed and dominated the merchants of Shanghai in 1927, seizing loans from them, with the threats of death or exile. Rich merchants, industrialists, and entrepreneurs were arrested by Chiang, who accused them of being "counter-revolutionary", and Chiang held them until they gave money to the Kuomintang. Chiang's arrests targeted rich millionaires, accusing them of communism and counter-revolutionary activities. Chiang also enforced an anti-Japanese boycott, sending his agents to sack the shops of those who sold Japanese made items and fining them. He also disregarded the internationally protected International Settlement, putting cages on its borders in which he threatened to place the merchants. The Kuomintang's alliance with the Green Gang allowed it to ignore the borders of the foreign concessions.

A similar term also existed in the People's Republic of China, which includes charges such collaborating with foreign forces and inciting revolts against the government and ruling CCP. According to Article 28 of the Chinese constitution, The state maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other counter-revolutionary activities; It penalizes actions that endanger public security and disrupt the socialist economy and other criminal activities, and punishes and reforms criminals.

The term received wide usage during the Cultural Revolution, in which thousands of intellectuals and government officials were denounced as "counter-revolutionaries" by the Red Guards. Following the end of the Cultural Revolution, the term was also used to label Lin Biao and the Gang of Four.

Africa

Egypt
After the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak’s government as a result of the 2011 Egyptian revolution, counter revolutionary techniques included: power outages by remnants of his regime, police allegedly refused to serve citizens and oil was thrown into the desert to halt gas station services.

On 1 February 2012, the biggest tragedy in Egyptian football resulted in the deaths of 72 Al Ahly fans. It happened after exactly a year when Mubarak announced in a speech that there would be chaos if he stepped down, the very same day when armed thugs attacked protestors of the 2011 revolution. Many photographic and footage evidence also show that police and security forces in the stadium were unwilling to respond to the riot. Many argue that the riot was planned as a revenge against Ultras Ahlawy taking part in the 2011 revolution against Hosni Mubarak and their constant anti-governmental chants in matches.

Finally on 3 July 2013, Defense Minister Abdel-Fattah Al Sisi overthrew the democratically elected president Mohamed Morsi, who was the first president to be elected by the Egyptian people since the proclamation of the republic in 1953. The counter-revolution ended when Al Sisi was sworn as Egypt’s 6th president in June 2014.

Usage of the term

The word counter-revolutionary is often used interchangeably with reactionary; however, some reactionary people use the term counter-revolutionary to describe their opponents, even if those opponents were advocates of a revolution. In general, the word "reactionary" is used to describe those who oppose a more long-term trend of social change, while "counter-revolutionaries" are those who oppose a very recent and sudden change.

The clerics who took power following the Iranian Revolution became counter-revolutionaries; after the revolution the Marxists were driven out of power by the mullahs. Thousands of political prisoners who opposed the Islamist regime were killed especially during the 1988 Massacre of Iranian Prisoners.

Sometimes it is unclear who represents the revolution and who represents the counter-revolution. In Hungary, the 1956 uprising was condemned as a counter-revolution by the ruling Communist authorities (who claimed to be revolutionary themselves). However, thirty years later after the fall of the revolutionary Socialist regime, the events of 1956 were more widely known as a revolution, this being in the broad sense of rebellion against authority and not meant as an ideological statement.

Philosophical perspectives
In the Laws, Plato relates a dialogue between Cleinias of Crete and an unnamed Athenian interlocutor. Part of their discourse touches on counter-revolution. Cleinias posits that a state can be considered morally superior when the virtuous citizens triumph over the unruly masses and the less virtuous classes. He asserts, "the state in which the better citizens win a victory over the mob and over the inferior classes may be truly said to be better than itself, and may be justly praised."

However, the Athenian presents a hypothetical scenario wherein someone must pass judgment on a group of brothers, some of whom are behaving justly while others are acting unjustly. When questioned about the optimal resolution, Cleinias suggests that the most effective judge would not necessarily be one who imposes the just to govern over the unjust, whether by force or consent. Instead, he advocates for a judge who facilitates reconciliation by establishing a mutually agreed-upon set of laws designed to maintain harmony among them. This implies Cleinias' belief that a counter-revolutionary victory by the 'better citizens' over 'the mob' need not involve violence but can be attained through the enactment of just legislation.

References

Further reading

 Blum, Christopher Olaf, editor and translator, 2004. Critics of the Enlightenment: Readings in the French Counter-Revolutionary Tradition. Wilmington DE: ISI Books.
Edmund Burke, 2006 (1790). Reflections on the Revolution in France. Pearson Longmans.
 Ghervas, Stella, Réinventer la tradition. Alexandre Stourdza et l'Europe de la Sainte-Alliance. Paris, Honoré Champion, 2008.
 Thomas Molnar, 1969. The Counter-Revolution. Funk & Wagnalls Co.
 Schapiro, J Salwyn, 1949. Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism: Social Forces in England and France, 1815-1870. McGraw-Hill: p. 364.
 Norbert Wójtowicz, Counterrevolution by Adrian Nikiel (Helsinki 8–12 IV 1998)

External links

Political pejoratives for people
Revolution terminology


title: 1985–86 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup

text:
The 1985–86 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup was the twentieth edition of FIBA's 2nd-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, contested between national domestic cup champions, running from 1 October 1985, to 18 March 1986. It was contested by 22 teams, two more than in the previous edition.

Defending champions FC Barcelona, defeated Scavolini Pesaro in the final, which was held in Caserta, to win its second trophy. They became the third team to successfully defend its title. It was the third title in a row for a Spanish League team.

Participants

First round

|}

Second round

|}

Automatically qualified to the Quarter finals group stage
 FC Barcelona (title holder)
 CSKA Moscow

Quarterfinals

Semifinals

|}

Final
March 18, PalaMaggiò di Castel Morrone, Caserta

|}

References

External links
 1985–86 FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup @ linguasport.com
FIBA European Cup Winner's Cup 1985–86

FIBA
FIBA Saporta Cup


title: Soulis Georgiades

text:
Soulis Georgiades (1934–1997) was a Greek film producer and director.

Early life and family
Georgiades was born in Thessaloniki, Greece in 1934 to Dimitri and Maria (Domouza) Georgiades. His father was from Rapsani and his mother was from Thessaloniki. As a child, Georgiades was interested in cinema and organised small shows on his own. After finishing his education in Thessaloniki, he attended the Institute for the Study of Cinematography in Paris, where he studied with Costa-Gavras, Dimitri Kollatos, Vassilis Vassilikos, and Dimitris Makris. He finished his coursework in 1956.

Career
Georgiades worked as a commercial director for a number of advertisements, including for clients Fratelli Fabbri Editori and IMEC. In 1962, he founded the Art Film Production Company in Milan; his later advertisements were produced through here. He was the first to center Milva in an advertisement early in her career. In 1965, Minister George Mpakatselos asked him to move to Athens to help establish Greek public television. The following year, he founded his second company, General Film Production, which closed in 1979. From there, he founded DEK, Ltd., which offered video cassette duplication services. In 1976, he directed a twelve-film documentary series called Our National Heritage (Η εθνική μας κληρονομιά). In the mid-1980s, he acquired the studios of Finos Film, which included two  sound stages.

In 1988, he acquired a hotel and restaurant with the intending to integrate several foreign productions that made use of facilities for audio-visual soundstage. Throughout his career, he directed and produced tourist films for the company Greeks for Tourism. Georgiades was also a friend and collaborator of Walter Chiari.

He was a member of the Hellenic Union of Directors in 1969 and sat on the prize and admissions committees for the Thessaloniki International Film Festival in 1979 and 1980. He sat on the Committee of the Ministry of Hellenic Industry for the development of cinematography in 1980 and 1981. He was also a member of the Greek Association of Audiovisual Producers and remained on its board of directors until 1995.

Personal life
In addition to films, Georgiades enjoyed cooking and Italian cuisine. In 1957, he met Maria Bianconi, daughter of painter Fulvio Bianconi; the couple were married the following year in Milan and had two sons, Dimitri and Piero. They separated in 1971 and he remarried in 1985. He suffered a stroke in 1989 and had a bypass operation. He died of a heart attack in Athens on 24 January 1997.

Awards and honours
 1962: Prix d'honor, Trieste Film Festival
 1963: First prize, Bordighera Humour Film Festival
 1964: First prize, Bordighera Humour Film Festival
 1964: First prize, MIFED
 1964: First prize, Prime Minister of Italy

Selected filmography

Film

Television

References

ADVERTISING 'IN ITALY 1963 - 1964, Publisher's office Modern, Milan 1964
PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE ADVERTISEMENT 'CINE-TELEVISION 1964 - 1965 Publisher's office Modern, Milan 1965
Rapsani HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY OF THE FAMILY GEORGIADES, Georgios A. Georgiades, Thessaloniki 1967
WHO'S WHO, London, 1968
ΚΙΝΗΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΛΕΟΡΑΣΗ (cinema and television), Vassilis Georgiadis, Athens 1981
ΥΛΙΚΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΑ ΤΟΥ Α’ ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΟΥ ΣΥΝΕΔΡΙΟΥ ΚΙΝΗΜΑΤΟΓΡΑΦΟΥ (Materials and minutes of the first meeting of the Panhellenic cinema) Αθήνα 1981

External links
 Obituary from Marieto Enterprise (in Greek; archive)
 Short list of his movies at Carosellomito.com (in Greek; archive)
 Short list of his movies at bfi.org.uk (in English; archive)
 Mention of Georgiades in Billboard (1983) (in English)

Mass media people from Thessaloniki
1934 births
1997 deaths
Greek film producers
Greek television producers
Greek film directors
Greek documentary film directors


title: Nell Tiger Free

text:
Nell Tiger Free is a British actress. She is best known for her role as Leanne Grayson in the television series Servant, and as Myrcella Baratheon in seasons 5 and 6 of the television series Game of Thrones, replacing Aimee Richardson. She has also played Chloe Crumb in the film version of Mr. Stink, Anna in the film Broken, and Janey Carter in Amazon Prime's Too Old to Die Young.

Early life and education

Free was born in Kingston upon Thames, London. Her father works in recruitment and her mother is a yoga teacher. She was educated at Teddington School. She began acting while attending Saturday drama class.

Filmography

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century English actresses
English child actresses
English television actresses
English film actresses
Actresses from London
People educated at Teddington School
Living people

People from Kingston upon Thames


title: Hailey Cramer

text:
Hailey Cramer (born 1987) is an Australian nu-soul singer from Melbourne, Australia.

Cramer has worked with other prolific Australian and international artists, including Pez, whom she featured with on his Festival Song, 360, Gotye and supporting Blue King Brown. Cramer has also performed with Michael Franti.

In 2014 Cramer debuted her first single, Liquid Confidence, saying in an interview with Vulture Magazine that she was "... inspired by seeing the negative effects alcohol has had on some relationships in the lives of people I know." Liquid Confidence was produced by Dan West.

Cramer has also appeared on Rockwiz during the Vanda and Young tour.

References

External links

Australian women singers
Living people
1987 births


title: Conceição e Cabanas de Tavira

text:
Conceição e Cabanas de Tavira is a civil parish in the municipality of Tavira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Conceição de Tavira and Cabanas de Tavira. The population in 2011 was 2,519, in an area of 69.44 km².

References

Freguesias of Tavira


title: Oldřich Klimecký

text:
Oldřich Klimecký (born 16 February 1940) Czech entrepreneur, researcher, manager, and former director of Mostecká uhelná společnost.

Career
After graduating from VSB-Technical University of Ostrava (VSB-TUO), he spent most of his life devoted to brown-coal mining research in then Czechoslovakia. At VSB-TUO he also earned the academic title of CSc (a Doctoral-equivalent degree). After the Velvet Revolution in November 1989, he became the director of the Brown Coal Research Institute (Výzkumný ústav pro hnědé uhlí) in Most.

When the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade began to address the very poor situation at Mostecká uhelná společnost (MUS) in 1995, it started looking for a new CEO for the mining company. The winner of the selection procedure was Oldřich Klimecký, who was tasked with restructuring MUS as quickly as possible, so that for the future Czech power supply, mining would continue on prospective sites only and end everywhere else.

Upon agreement with the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the National Property Fund, the regions and major shareholders, all of whom were members of the Board of Directors of MUS, Oldřich Klimecký initiated fundamental changes in the management of the entire company and the company's transition to a market economy. In cooperation with the new management of MUS, he created new economic and business rules for MUS and succeeded in stabilising MUS within a few short years and securing its future.

Oldřich Klimecký has long been interest in the development of the entire Most region and has supported the development of the municipalities located there. Under his direction, MUS provided financial support in the tens of millions of crowns. He was also greatly involved in the construction of the Hippodrome, which was built on former mining dumps. The Hippodrome project in Most, which is part of the Velebudice land rehabilitation park, is one of the most important projects of the Czech land rehabilitation school.

Oldřich Klimecký has also long been engaged in politics in the Most region. He became a member of the Most municipal council in 1994, representing ODS. Oldřich Klimecký still lives in Most, now as a retiree and is no longer involved in either business or politics.

MUS case
In October 2013, he was sentenced to 37 months in prison by the Swiss court of first instance in Bellinzona for fraud and money laundering in connection with Appian's purchase of a minority package of MUS shares from the Czech government in 1999. Due to his advanced age and poor health, he has not attended any of the court hearings, always using the possibility to be represented by an attorney. As all of his assets and even part of his old-age pension have been seized in the Czech Republic due to the criminal proceedings, he has to be represented by an attorney appointed to him ex officio. After 15 years of continuous investigation, Oldřich Klimecký has given up on justice, lives a secluded life, does not comment on the case and does not communicate with the media.

References

1940 births
20th-century Czech businesspeople
Living people


title: Luz de Tavira e Santo Estêvão

text:
Luz de Tavira e Santo Estêvão is a civil parish in the municipality of Tavira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Luz de Tavira and Santo Estêvão. The population in 2011 was 4,535, in an area of 59.91 km².

References

Freguesias of Tavira


title: Tavira (Santa Maria e Santiago)

text:
Tavira (Santa Maria e Santiago) is a civil parish in the municipality of Tavira, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Santa Maria and Santiago. The population in 2011 was 15,133, in an area of 147.99 km2.

References

Freguesias of Tavira


title: Sucheta Bhide Chapekar

text:
Sucheta Bhide Chapekar (born 6 December 1948) is an Indian classical dancer and choreographer. She is an exponent of Bharatnatyam. She is the founder of "Kalavardhini", a trust supporting the teaching and propagation activities in classical dance, where she also teaches Bharatnatyam. She has been a recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2007).

Born in 1948, Chapekar had her arangetram in 1963. She was trained under Acharya Parvati Kumar and K. P. Kittappa Pillai. In the subsequent years, she performed at many local concerts, including one at the Madras Music Academy in 1974. Post marriage, she moved to Pune. Encouraged by JRD Tata, who called her "blue-eyed beauty", she performed outside India for the first time in 1982. During the tour, she performed in London, Paris, and Rotterdam. During the 1980s, she performed various concerts in her home state of Maharashtra. It was at this time, she realised that Bharatanatyam did not have a great following in the state. She then came up with the idea of mixing Marathi and Hindi songs in her concerts. This eventually led to the formation of "Nritya Ganga", a Bharatanatyam concert which has about 80 compositions, all based on Hindustani classical music. Chapekar is the founder of "Kalavardhini", a charitable trust that supports the teaching and propagation activities in classical dance.

In the year 2008, filmmaker Amrita Mahadik directed Vyomagami, a documentary on the life and work of Chapekar. As a part of Chapekar's 60th birthday celebration, Vyomagami was produced by "Kalavardhini" and shown at Ganesh Kala Krida Manch, Pune, Maharashtra. Nrityatmika, a Marathi book penned by Chapekar was also released at the event graced by Padma Vibhushan Sonal Mansingh and other dignitaries.

In the year 2018, to mark Chapekar's 70th birthday celebration, She was felicitated by Padma Shri Pandit Hridaynath Mangeshkar in the Parikrama event that was graced by many dignitaries and Bharatanatyam stalwarts.  During this event, Pandit Mangeshkar also released the English translation of Nrityatmika, translated by Bharatanatyam artiste Priti Gosar-Patil.

Chapekar is married and has a daughter named Arundhati Patwardhan, who is a trained dancer. In 2007, Chapekar was awarded with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for her contributions to classical dance.

References

1948 births
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Bharatanatyam exponents
Teachers of Indian classical dance
Marathi people
Living people
Performers of Indian classical dance
Indian classical choreographers
Artists from Pune
Indian female classical dancers
Indian women choreographers
Indian choreographers
Women educators from Maharashtra
Educators from Maharashtra
Indian dance teachers
20th-century Indian dancers
Dancers from Maharashtra
Women artists from Maharashtra
20th-century Indian women artists


title: Las Vegas Plaza (Las Vegas, New Mexico)

text:
The Las Vegas Plaza is a plaza and historic district in Las Vegas, New Mexico. The plaza was originally laid out in 1835 by Mexican settlers and is surrounded by a number of historically and architecturally notable buildings. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

History
Las Vegas was established in 1835 after a group of settlers received a land grant from the Mexican government. The town was laid out in the traditional Spanish Colonial style, with a central plaza surrounded by adobe buildings which could serve as fortifications in case of attack. Las Vegas soon prospered as a stop on the Santa Fe Trail. During the Mexican–American War in 1846, Stephen W. Kearny delivered an address at the plaza from atop what is thought to be the surviving Dice Apartments building, claiming New Mexico for the United States. In 1854, visiting attorney W. W. H. Davis wrote that the plaza "more resembled a muddy field than a public square, and all sorts of four-footed domestic animals were roaming at large over it."

Las Vegas prospered with the arrival of the railroad in 1880, and many of the one-story adobe buildings surrounding the plaza were replaced by larger and grander structures like the Italianate style Plaza Hotel and Ilfeld Building. During this period, the plaza itself was cleared of livestock and wagons and converted to a tidy public park with trees, fences, and a bandstand.

Notable buildings
Contributing properties in the Plaza historic district include
Plaza Hotel, built 1880
Charles Ilfeld Building, built 1882
Dice Apartments, the oldest surviving building on the plaza
John D. Veeder Building
Exchange Hotel, built 1850 (only one wing extant)
Romero Mercantile Company Building
First National Bank Building, built 1880

See also

National Register of Historic Places listings in San Miguel County, New Mexico

References

External links

Las Vegas, New Mexico
National Register of Historic Places in San Miguel County, New Mexico
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico


title: Charleston Place

text:
The Charleston Place is a hotel in the historic center of Charleston, South Carolina. It was built in a style to fit with the architecture of surrounding 1800s buildings and opened on September 2, 1986. It is the largest hotel in Charleston at 434 rooms.

The “Quadriga” sculpture in the fountain at the front entrance (between Meeting and Hasell Street) is by John W. Mills, a member of the Royal Society of British Sculptors and the Royal Society of Arts. Its four 9-foot bronze horses represent the significance of the horse in Charleston’s history, as well as its present-day role. At the top of the sculpture is a Carolina bird of prey.

The adjacent Art Deco Riviera Theatre is owned by The Charleston Place and is a National Historic Landmark within the Charleston Historic District. Built in 1939, it was one of the first movie theaters in the city. Acquired by Beemok Hospitality Collection in 2021, The Riviera reopened to the public for the first time in 45 years.

The lobby of the hotel features a hand-blown Venetian chandelier set between a Georgian open arm staircase. At 12 feet in diameter and in height, the chandelier is made of more than 3,000 individual pieces of glass, hand blown in Murano, Italy. It weighs approximately two and one-half tons.

In 1995, Orient-Express Hotels acquired the hotel and in 2014, the company changed its name to Belmond Ltd. At that time the hotel was renamed The Charleston Place. In 2022, the hotel was purchased by Beemok Hospitality Collection and is now an independent hotel.

References

External links

Hotels in South Carolina
Hotel buildings completed in 1986


title: Garry Jones (cyclist)

text:
Garry Jones (born 1 May 1940) is an Australian former cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1940 births
Living people
Australian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Australia
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Australian track cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Australian people
21st-century Australian people


title: Millerton, Nebraska

text:
Millerton is an unincorporated community in Butler County, Nebraska, United States.

History
A post office called Millerton was established in 1888, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1934. The community was named for William P. Miller, a pioneer settler.

References

Unincorporated communities in Butler County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Gheorghe Calcișcă

text:
Gheorghe Calcișcă (born 10 January 1935) is a former Romanian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1935 births
Living people
Romanian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Romania
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Bucharest


title: Bob Tetzlaff

text:
Bob Tetzlaff (November 13, 1935 – September 27, 2012) was an American cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1935 births
2012 deaths
American male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the United States
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Milwaukee


title: Serra e Junceira

text:
Serra e Junceira is a civil parish in the municipality of Tomar, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Serra and Junceira. The population in 2011 was 2,080, in an area of 46.57 km².

References

Freguesias of Tomar


title: Madalena e Beselga

text:
Madalena e Beselga is a civil parish in the municipality of Tomar, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Madalena and Beselga. The population in 2011 was 3,990, in an area of 44.44 km².

References

Freguesias of Tomar


title: Dianella (gastropod)

text:
Dianella is a little-known genus of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.

Distribution
These are European freshwater snails; they occur in southeastern Europe, from northern Italy, through the Balkans, to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea

Description
Their relatively big shell has an onic or turriform shape with a common, prominent, spiral sculpture. The radula shows a rhachidian tooth with no basal cusps. Their stomach has a caecal appendix at its pyloric end. They have a Hydrobia-like central nervous system, a simple penis and a characteristic, big seminal receptacle at the end of a prominent spiral of the coiled oviduct.

Species
Species within the genus Dianella include:
 † Dianella gracilis (Pavlović, 1903)
Dianella schlickum Schütt, 1962
Dianella thiesseana Kobelt, 1878
Species brought into synonymy
 † Dianella crassa (Burgerstein, 1877): synonym of  † Prososthenia crassa Burgerstein, 1877
 † Dianella nodosa (Burgerstein, 1877): synonym of  † Prososthenia nodosa Burgerstein, 1877
 † Dianella reticulata (Burgerstein, 1877): synonym of  † Prososthenia reticulata Burgerstein, 1877
 † Dianella suessi (Burgerstein, 1877): synonym of  † Prososthenia suessi Burgerstein, 1877

References

 Gude, G.K. (1913). On some preoccupied molluscan names (generic and specific). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 10, 292-293. page(s): 292

Hydrobiidae


title: Mohamed Touati

text:
Mohamed Touati (, born 17 January 1939) is a former Tunisian cyclist. He was born in Tunis and his profession was a repairman.  He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Tunisian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Tunisia
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Tunis
20th-century Tunisian people


title: List of Philippine films based on Wattpad stories

text:
The first film of this type to be released was Viva Films' Diary ng Panget.  The story had been popular and the film was a box-office success.  This was followed by Star Cinema's She's Dating the Gangster which also became a major hit upon release.

Highest-grossing films

 Ex with Benefits earned with an estimated amount of ₱83,340,000 domestically, but due to inflation, the increase of currency exchange rates, and the demand of movie tickets, the film earned an estimated amount of ₱100,670,00 domestically as of (2018 ₱). The same happened with Talk Back and You're Dead which earned ₱76,900,000 in the box-office but in 2018, the film garnered ₱96,600,000 domestically.

Films and Television series

Shelve films

References

Lists of Philippine films


title: Shanghai Korean School

text:
The Shanghai Korean School (SKS; ,  "Shanghai South Korea School") is a South Korean international school in Huacao Town (), Minhang District, Shanghai. It serves elementary school through senior high school students.

The Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) approved the school for teaching foreigners on October 27, 1999, and on June 2, 2006, the MOE permitted the school to establish senior high school classes.

See also
 Korean community of Shanghai
 Korean International School in Beijing

References

External links
 Shanghai Korean School

International schools in Shanghai
Shanghai


title: Carlos Henrique Basto

text:
Carlos Henrique de Senna Fernandes Basto (27 March 1890 – 31 August 1944), also known as Charles Henrique de Basto, was a Portuguese businessman and member of the Hong Kong Sanitary Board.

Basto was born in Sé, Macau to José Maria de Castro e Basto and his wife, Casimira de Sena Fernandes Basto. His family was prominent among the Portuguese community in Hong Kong and Macau. He was educated in England, marrying Ellen Mary Cooper in London in 1912.

He was partner of the architect firm, Little, Adams & Wood. He later quit the company, formed his own firm Blackmore, Basto & Shank, and bought his previous firm's office on the top floor of the York Building on Chater Road in 1936.

He was uncontested elected to the Sanitary Board in October 1932 during the period when his younger brother, the incumbent R. A. de Castro Basto, left Hong Kong. He was nominated by Carlos Augusto de Roza and Rev. W. Walton Rogers of St. Andrew's Church. He was also the honorary consul for Bolivia in Hong Kong.

He had lived on 47 Granville Road, Kowloon, 163 Kowloon Tong. and 9 Devon Road, Kowloon Tong.

During the Japanese occupation Basto carried out espionage for the British, perhaps working for the British Army Aid Group He was arrested at the Club Lusitano on October 28, 1943. The investigators were able to prove that bridge problems in his possession were in fact coded messages describing Japanese troop movements. Basto maintained his innocence to the last, but he was found guilty at a mass trial on August 29, 1944, and executed two days later. He is memorialised at Stanley Military Cemetery.

External links

References

Hong Kong architects
Members of the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong
1890 births
1944 deaths
Macau Roman Catholics
Executed Portuguese people
People executed by Japanese occupation forces
Hong Kong people of Macanese descent


title: Owe Adamson

text:
Per Owe Adamson (8 March 1935 – 1 August 2023) was a Swedish cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Adamson died in Örebro on 1 August 2023, at the age of 88.

References

External links

1935 births
2023 deaths
Swedish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Sweden
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Västra Götaland County


title: Hubert Bächli

text:
Hubert Bächli (born 18 October 1938) is a Swiss former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1938 births
Living people
People from Baden District, Aargau
Swiss male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Switzerland
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Aargau


title: Bow Thayer

text:
Bow Thayer is an American songwriter, guitarist, and banjoist and the founder of the Tweed River Music Festival.

His career spans over two decades with bands including the 7 League Boots, Elbow, Jethro and The Benders as well as solo work.

Career

Seven League Boots
Founded in 1990, the Seven League Boots included Bow Thayer, Bobby Sullivan, bassist Richard Feins, and drummer and vocalist Mike Press. The group hailed from Hingham, Massachusetts and formed in Boston. In 1990 and 1991, they pressed multiple singles to 7” vinyl before releasing their first and only LP, 12 Songs, on Constant Change. The group toured for three years, sharing the stage with bands including Fugazi, The Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Redd Kross, The Buck Pets, The Lemonheads, Buffalo Tom, and Beck. They also were known to influence Rage Against the Machine, and Pearl Jam was an opener in its early days. The group disbanded in the mid-1990s but played a reunion show at the Tweed River Music Festival in 2012.

Elbow and Jethro
Following 7 League Boots, Thayer formed the band Elbow. Elbow was composed of Thayer on guitar, banjo and vocals, bassist and vocalist Jeremy Moses Curtis and drummer Michael Press. The group released 3 records and frequented both the Boston and New York circuits. The band’s sound was characteristic of the minimalist approach of the electric blues overhaul and was based around slide guitar and a trash-can drumset. During the same period of time, Thayer was also a part of Jethro, playing banjo and singing lead vocals. Also in the band were frequent collaborator Jeremy Moses Curtis on acoustic guitar, Danielle Demarse on bass and vocals and Sean Staples on mandolin. The group combined Thayer’s pop-structured songs with the aesthetic of bluegrass.  Both groups eventually moved to Vermont.

The Benders
Thayer returned to the Boston area frequently to play with The Benders. With Thayer, guitarist Jabe Beyer, and bassist Nolan McKelvey as the chief songwriters, the group also included Sean Staples on mandolin, and Tim Kelly on dobro. The Benders were a classic bluegrass outfit and built a following locally. The Benders were known for their original and unique take on string band music while using a traditional recording style, where the five players arranged in an arc around two microphones when recording. The debut self-titled record was released in 2001, followed by The Benders II in 2002, and the studio recording Mountain Radio in 2003. The latter two releases were on Pig Pile Records.

Bow Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck
After his work with The Benders, Bow Thayer formed his solo project, Bow Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck. The group included Thayer on guitar, banjo and lead vocals, James Rohr on piano and organ, Jeff Berlin on drums, Steve Mayone on guitar (later replaced by Chris McGandy on pedal steel) and Jeremy Moses Curtis on bass and vocals. The group recorded three studio albums and one live album. The group’s self-titled debut was released March 1, 2008, at Levon Helm Studios in Woodstock, NY, engineered by Grammy-award winning Justin Guip. Bottom Of The Sky was released November 12, 2010, and was also recorded at Levon Helm Studios and co-produced, engineered and mixed by Justin Guip. In November 2010, the group had the opportunity to play as the backing band for “Imagine There’s No Hunger” at the Hard Rock Café Hollywood, benefiting Why Hunger.  Featured performances included Edgar Winter, Dave Stewart, Booker T. Jones and Ringo Starr. In April 2012, Bow Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck won Boston’s Rock’n’Roll Rumble at T.T. the Bear's Place in Cambridge. Their third studio album, Eden, was released on March 5, 2013, and was well received both locally and nationally.American Songwriter praised the record, saying “In a different era, Bow Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck would have some well-deserved gold records on their walls.” Prior to the release of Eden, Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck performed the record to the sold-out Chandler Music Hall in Randolph, VT on January 19, 2013.  On Earth Day, April 22, 2014, Eden: Live at the Chandler was released as the group’s fourth full length and first live album. The album represents both the first live performance of Eden and one of the group’s last performances.

Work with Levon Helm
While recording in Boston in 2005, Thayer mentioned offhand the desire to bring a Levon Helm-inspired feel to his current recording. Session engineer/guitar player Dave Rizzuti had just worked with Helm, and introduced the two. They connected instantly upon meeting and in the studio, and began recording together. Thayer’s record Spend It All (featuring Levon Helm) was released November 1, 2006, and features the successful single  Bow Thayer and Perfect Trainwreck performed at seven of Helm’s Midnight Ramble’s, including the 100th Ramble on July 5, 2008.

Other Solo Work
Other solo recordings by Bow Thayer include The Driftwood Periodicals Vol I released May 1, 2004, and Vol II released October 1, 2008, Maintenance for Mood Swings released September 1, 2006, and Shooting Arrows At The Moon released November 1, 2009. Hindsight, released August 7, 2012, is a compilation of Bow’s work from Elbow, Jethro, The Benders and The Perfect Trainwreck.

The Bojotar Years
In 2014, Thayer released a new album of progressive mountain music written and performed entirely using his acoustic and electric Bojotar instruments. Sundowser, featuring guest performances by Marco Benevento and Tracy Bonham, was described by American Song Writer as "Think of a jam between Dave Matthews, Frank Zappa and The Band – with a cameo from Bela Fleck – and you almost get the effect: virtuosic complexities from a remarkable instrumentalist."   In 2016, with his drummer Jeff Berlin recovering from a series of strokes, Bow released The Source and the Servant, a collection of traditional folk and delta blues songs that were inspired, performed by and/or written by Dock Boggs and Mississippi Fred McDowell.

Customized Instruments
Bow cites Mark Sandman, lead singer and bass player of Morphine, as a chief inspiration in his creation of customized instruments. Sandman was known for his signature 2 string slide bass.  Morphine’s saxophonist, Dana Colley has also played on many of Thayer’s solo records. Thayer has built a number of customized guitars and banjos. One of his creations combines an acoustic guitar, resonator guitar and banjo. The instrument has a chambered guitar body with a resonator and two pickups - a humbucker by the neck and a Piezo under the resonator's biscuit. The low E string of the guitar has been replaced by the drone string of a banjo at the 5th fret. Called the Bojotar, it went into production by Eastwood Guitars in fall 2014.

Tweed River Music Festival
Bow Thayer is the founder and co-partner with Jeremy Moses Curtis of the Tweed River Music Festival. The festival was held over the course of three days in Thayer’s hometown of Stockbridge, VT until its finale, "Tweed Gone Mad," that was held on larger grounds along the Mad River in Waitsfield, VT. In addition to Bow, Lydia Loveless, Christopher Paul Stelling, Joe Fletcher, Caitlyn Canty and No Small Children among many others performed. The festival has closed to allow Bow and Jeremy to spend more time on their music and with their families.  Beginning as a gathering of friends for Fourth of July, the festival became a pilgrimage for grass roots music in the Green Mountains of Vermont, with nearly all of the 1,000 attendees camping on-site .

In 2011, a “Tweed River Music Festival: A Documentary” was shot and produced by Grey Sky Films and said to be “a snapshot of the greatest weekend you will ever have." It was awarded the Silver Award for Best Documentary at the 2013 Cinerockom International Film Festival in Beverly Hills, CA.

References

External links
 Official Website

American male singers
Songwriters from Massachusetts
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male songwriters


title: Muiria

text:
Muiria hortenseae ("mouse-head") is a rare dwarf species of succulent plant of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to a very small area in the Little Karoo, Western Cape, South Africa. It is the only species in the monophyletic genus Muiria.

Description

Unlike most other plants in its family, Muiria is covered in soft downy fur (from which it gets its common name) and has leaves that are entirely fused together, into one smooth rounded body.

In the summer it produces white or pink flowers, that tear through the (still living) flesh of the plant. The flesh then withers into a papery sheath, within which the new body forms. After several generations of subdivisions, it can form clumps.

Life-cycle
Like many related plants, Muirias grow in annual cycles of growth and dormancy.

Their habitat is a winter rainfall region. They therefore begin their growth cycle in early autumn when the first rains arrive, pushing out of the dry sheaths which remain from the previous years dead leaves, and forming the new green growth. Throughout the winter, they receive mists and occasional rainfall. By the end of winter, the new growth stops and appears to decay, becoming more yellow and soft in the spring. The flower buds can then push through the softened flesh.

With the onset of the full summer drought, flowering ends, the old flesh gradually dries into a papery sheath and the plants enter a brief dormancy (which can last any period between a few weeks and four months). The first new rains bring it out of dormancy and commence the cycle again.

Distribution and habitat
Muiria is indigenous to a tiny arid area (c.300 mm annual rainfall) of the "Succulent Karoo" in the Western Cape, South Africa. Its habitat is the quartzite rubble that overlay clay soils on the low ridges near the Langeberg Mountains.

In this extremely small range, it has recently suffered an enormous reduction in population and range, due to habitat loss, trampling by stock animals and illegal collecting.

Cultivation
Muiria hortenseae is difficult to cultivate, as it requires sparing but steady watering throughout most of the year, (a   sharply contrasting opinion is that of Alfred Byrd Graf who recommends that Muiria hortense be watered only once a year) generous space for its large root system, and a rocky, gritty, extremely well-drained soil. Some cultivators also occasionally add a one or two grains of salt to the soil surface, to add an extremely slight salinity to the soil. It is also recommended to give it little to no water for a drought of a month or two, after it has flowered.

Propagation is usually by seed, and Muiria sometimes hybridises with Gibbaeum album, with which it shares its natural habitat in the Little Karoo.

References

External links

Aizoaceae
Monotypic Caryophyllales genera
Aizoaceae genera
Taxa named by N. E. Brown


title: Isak Ssewankambo

text:
Isak Ssali Ssewankambo (born 27 February 1996) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a defender in the Allsvenskan club IFK Norrköping.

Club career

Early career
Ssewankambo started playing football at age five and immediately joined Lärje-Angereds IF. He then moved to IFK Göteborg when he was nine and after two years later, returned to Lärje-Angereds IF. At fourteen, Ssewankambo left Sweden to move to Premier League side Chelsea, bringing his family with him. During his time at Chelsea, Ssewankambo played in the club's Reserves and Academy.

After being released by Chelsea, Ssewankambo joined Eredivisie side NAC Breda on a one-year contract with an option for another year. Upon joining the club, he explained leaving Chelsea, citing first team football. Ssewankambo made his NAC Breda debut (also his professional debut) in the opening game of the season, as the club drew 1–1 against Excelsior. Since joining NAC Breda, he quickly established himself in the starting eleven, playing in the right–back position. By the time Ssewankambo left the club, he made fifteen appearances in all competitions.

It was announced on 2 January 2015 that Ssewankambo joined Derby County of the Sky Bet Championship following a trial. Immediately after joining the club, he was assigned to Derby County's reserve team for the rest of the 2014–15 season. Ahead of the 2015–16 season, Ssewankambo was given a number thirty shirt for the club. He made his debut for Derby County in a League Cup tie against Portsmouth on 12 August 2015. Following this, Ssewankambo returned to playing for the club's reserve side. However, his time at the club was overshadowed by injuries.

Molde FK
On 3 March 2016, Ssewankambo left Derby County to join manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær at Molde FK for an undisclosed fee, signing a three–year contract.

He made his debut for the club, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Tromsø in the opening game of the season. Following this, Ssewankambo made his seven starts for the next seven matches for Molde. However, during a 1–0 win against Aalesunds on 30 April 2016, he suffered a knee injury, resulting being substituted in the 57th minute and was sidelined for two months. It wasn't until on 23 July 2016 when Ssewankambo made his return to the first team, coming on as a second-half substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Sarpsborg 08. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered another knee injury that kept him out for three months. It wasn't until on 30 October 2016 when Ssewankambo made his return to the first team against Stabæk, starting a match and played 71 minutes before being substituted, in a 3–0 win. At the end of the 2016 season, he went on to make eleven appearances in all competitions.

However at the start of the 2017 season, Ssewankambo suffered a muscle injury while on international duty that saw him out for the club's first six league matches. It wasn't until on 6 May 2017 when he returned to the first team, coming on as a 78th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Aalesunds. Ssewankambo started in the next three matches for Molde before missing the next three matches, due to international duty with Sweden U21. It wasn't until on 26 June 2017 when he made his return to the first team, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Strømsgodset. Following this, Ssewankambo regained his first team place, where he played in different positions in the defence and midfield position. Ssewankambo later helped the club finish second place in the league after drawing 2–2 against Sarpsborg in the last game of the season. At the end of the 2017 season, he went on to make twenty–one appearances in all competitions.

After a short loan spell at Malmö FF, Ssewankambo made his first appearance of the 2018 season, coming on as a second-half substitute in the second leg of the UEFA Europa League second round against KF Laçi, as Molde FK won 2–0 to advance to the next round of the tournament. Following this, he found his playing time, mostly coming from the substitute bench, making four more appearances for Molde FK. At the end of the 2018 season, Ssewankambo went on to make five appearances in all competitions. Following this, he was released by the club after they did not offer him a new contract.

Loan to Malmö FF
It was announced on 19 March 2018 when Ssewankambo joined Malmö on loan until the summer.

He made his debut for the club, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–1 win against Elfsborg in the opening game of the season. Ssewankambo appeared as an unused substitute in the Svenska Cupen Final against Djurgårdens, as Malmö FF lost 3–0. He later made four more appearances for Malmö FF, making a total of five appearances in all competitions. On 13 July 2018, Ssewankambo returned to his parent club after the club decided against signing him on a permanent basis.

Östersunds FK
It was announced on 21 February 2019 that Ssewankambo joined Östersunds FK on a three-year contract, until December 2021.

He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game in the right–midfield position, in a 0–0 draw against AIK in the opening game of the season. Since joining Östersunds FK, Ssewankambo quickly established himself, playing in different positions in the defence and midfield. It wasn't until on 29 April 2019 when he scored his first goal for the club, in a 3–0 win against Helsingborgs. Following Östersunds FK's 3–0 win against IK Sirius on 6 July 2019, Ssewankambo was subjected of attention after the opposition team reported claims that the club breached the requirements for home-grown players on him. Following an investigation, no charges were taken against Östersunds FK. Shortly after, he suffered a knee injury during a 0–0 draw against Malmö FF on 28 July 2019 and was substituted at half time. It was announced that Ssewankambo was out for a month. It wasn't until on 14 September 2019 when he returned to the first team, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Kalmar. However, his return was short–lived when Ssewankambo was suspended for one match after he was booked for a yellow during the match against Kalmar. But Ssewankambo returned to the starting line–up against Örebro on 25 September 2019, as the club lost 2–0. His second goal for Östersund FK then came on 19 October 2019 against IK Sirius, as the club won 2–0, ending their twelve matches without a win. After the match, he was named Team of the Week by Aftonbladet. Eventually, Östersund FK managed to avoid relegation despite losing the last two remaining matches of the 2019 season. In his first season at the club, Ssewankambo made twenty–four appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.

At the start of the 2020 season, Ssewankambo appeared three times in Östersunds FK's matches in the Svenska Cupen. However, due to the pandemic, the season was pushed back to three months. Once the season resumed, he continued to regain his first team place, playing in the defensive midfield position. It wasn't until on 1 July 2020 when Ssewankambo scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Kalmar. He also later set up two goals for the club, coming against Elfsborg on 23 August 2020 and then later against Hammarby on 25 October 2020. Ssewankambo captained Östersunds FK for the first time in his career against IK Sirius on 18 October 2020, as he helped the club win 3–2. Despite missing two matches during the 2020 season, Ssewankambo went on to make thirty–one appearances and scoring once in all competitions.

Sirius
On 31 March 2022, Ssewankambo joined Sirius until the summer of 2022. He left Sirius in June 2022 after his contract expired.

IFK Norrköping
In November 2022, IFK Norrköping announced that they had signed Ssewankambo on a two-year contract.

International career
Ssewankambo is eligible to play for Sweden and Uganda.

Sweden youth teams
In May 2012, Ssewankambo was called up to the Sweden U16 squad for the first time. He made his U16 national team debut, starting a match and played 76 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–0 win against Bulgaria U16 on 29 May 2012. Ssewankambo scored his first Sweden U16 goal, in a 4–1 win against Faroe Islands U19 on 9 August 2012. This was followed up by scoring his second U16 national team goal, in a 2–0 win against England U16. He went on to make nine appearances and scoring two times for Sweden U16.

In September 2012, Ssewankambo was called up to the Sweden U17 for the first time. He made his U17 national team debut, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Republic of Ireland U17 on 29 September 2012. Ssewankambo then set up two goals for Sweden U21, as they beat Belarus U17 on 26 March 2013. In April 2013, he was called up to the U17 national team squad for the UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Ssewankambo played four times in the tournament, as the U17 national team were eliminated in the semi–finals against Russia U17. For his performance, he was named Team of the Tournament, along with four of his teammates. Following the tournament, he captained Sweden U17 for the first time, starting a match and played 80 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–1 draw against Iraq U17 on 5 September 2013. Shortly after, Ssewankambo was called up to the U17 national team squad for the FIFA U-17 World Cup. However, he suffered a thigh injury while training and missed the opening game of the group stage match against Iraq U17. But Ssewankambo did make an appearance for Sweden U17 in the tournament against Nigeria U17 on 22 October 2013, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute, in a 3–3 draw. However, he was once again injured and never played in the tournament again. Ssewankambo went on to make thirteen appearances and scoring once for the U17 national team.

In February 2014, Ssewankambo was called up to the Sweden U19 squad for the first time. He made his debut for the U19 national team, starting the whole game in the right–back position, in a 3–0 loss against Iceland U19 on 4 March 2014. Ssewankambo went on to play in the right–back position for four more matches for Sweden U19. It wasn't until on 12 November 2014 when he scored his first U19 national team goal, in a 2–2 draw against Ukraine U19. Ssewankambo went on to make nine appearances and scoring once for Sweden U19.

In May 2014, Ssewankambo was called up to the Sweden U21 squad for the first time. He made his debut for the U21 national team, coming on as an 81st-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Sweden U21 on 4 June 2014. Three months later on 9 September 2014, Ssewankambo made his first start for Sweden U21 and played the whole game, in a 4–3 win against Turkey U21. In a follow–up match, he made another start for the U21 national team and played 73 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–0 loss against France U21. In a return leg, Ssewankambo was placed on the substitute bench, as the U21 national team managed to overcome the deficit by beating them 4–1 to qualify for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He made two appearances for Sweden U21 between 11 June 2015 and 16 June 2015 against Denmark U21 and Albania U21. However, Ssewankambo did not make the cut the U21 national team squad for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. After spending almost a year away from the U21 national team, he made his first appearance for Sweden U21, starting a match against Serbia U21 on 24 March 2017, but suffered an injury that saw him substituted in the 10th minute. In May 2017, Ssewankambo was called up to the Sweden U21 squad for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. However, he appeared three times as an unused substitute, as Sweden U21 were eliminated in the group stage tournament. Following this, Ssewankambo became a regular for the U21 national team, making ten consecutive starts between September 2017 and October 2018. During which, he scored his first Sweden U21 goal, in a 3–0 win against Malta U21 on 10 October 2017. However, in a match against Belgium U21 on 16 October 2018, Ssewankambo was sent–off in the 41st minute for a straight red card, in a 3–0 loss, in what turned out to be his last appearance for the U21 national team. Following this, he went on to make twenty–one appearances and scoring once for Sweden U21.

In June 2016, Ssewankambo was considered to be in a short–list for the Sweden Olympic squad ahead of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. However, he was failed to make the cut.

Personal life
Ssewankambo has an older brother, Moses, who is his advisor. At the time at Chelsea, Ssewankambo resided in London, where he lived five miles from the Cobham Training Centre and his family residing in the city.

Ssewankambo revealed that he started out as a striker, saying: "I started as a striker. Everyone starts as a striker. But I thought I was better in midfield, you're involved in everything there. I like to be involved in a lot of things. I'm a midfielder, creating chances is big, but scoring is the best thing you can do." Since playing in the position, Ssewankambo also plays in a right–back position and different midfield positions.

In May 2018, while playing for Malmö FF, Ssewankambo and teammate Carlos Strandberg were rescued by the Swedish rescue service after being stranded at sea for twenty minutes.

Career statistics

Honours
Sweden U17
 FIFA U-17 World Cup third place: 2013

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Swedish men's footballers
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
NAC Breda players
Derby County F.C. players
Molde FK players
Malmö FF players
Östersunds FK players
IK Sirius Fotboll players
Eliteserien players
Eredivisie players
Allsvenskan players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Swedish people of Ugandan descent
Sweden men's under-21 international footballers
Sweden men's youth international footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England
Footballers from Gothenburg
Men's association football defenders


title: 2015 AFC U-19 Women's Championship

text:
The 2015 AFC U-19 Women's Championship was the 8th edition of the AFC U-19 Women's Championship, the biennial international youth football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for the women's under-19 national teams of Asia. The tournament was held in China between 18–29 August 2015. A total of eight teams played in the tournament.

Same as previous editions, the tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Papua New Guinea as the AFC representatives.

Japan won their fourth title with a final victory over North Korea on penalties. Both finalists and third-placed South Korea qualified for the World Cup.

Qualification

The draw for the qualifiers was held on 17 June 2014. Four teams qualified directly for the final tournament by their 2013 performance, while the other entrants competed in the qualifying stage for the remaining four spots.

Qualified teams
The following eight teams qualified for the final tournament.

Venues
Nanjing hosted the tournament, with two venues: Jiangning Sports Center and Jiangsu Training Base Stadium.

Draw
The draw for the final tournament was held on 13 May 2015 at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur. The eight teams were drawn into two groups of four teams. The teams were seeded according to their performance in the previous edition in 2013.

Squads

Players born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2000 were eligible to compete in the tournament. Each team can register a maximum of 23 players (minimum three of whom must be goalkeepers).

Group stage
The top two teams of each group advanced to the semi-finals.

Tiebreakers
The teams were ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If tied on points, tiebreakers were applied in the following order:
Greater number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
Goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;
Greater number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;
Goal difference in all the group matches;
Greater number of goals scored in all the group matches;
Penalty shoot-out if only two teams are involved and they are both on the field of play;
Fewer score calculated according to the number of yellow and red cards received in the group matches (1 point for a single yellow card, 3 points for a red card as a consequence of two yellow cards, 3 points for a direct red card, 4 points for a yellow card followed by a direct red card);
Drawing of lots.

All times were local, CST (UTC+8).

Group A

Group B

Knockout stage
In the knockout stage, extra time and penalty shoot-out were used to decide the winner if necessary.

Bracket

Semi-finals
Winners qualified for 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

Third place match
Winner qualified for 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

Final

Winners

Qualified teams for FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The following three teams from AFC qualified for the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup.

1 Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.

Awards
The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament.

Goalscorers
6 goals

 Ri Un-sim

4 goals

 Rikako Kobayashi
 Son Hwa-yeon
 Saowalak Pengngam

3 goals

 Xiao Yuyi
 Yan Jinjin
 Kiko Seike
 Ri Kyong-hyang
 Namgung Ye-ji
 Jang Chang
 Wie Jae-eun
 Jenjira Bubpha

2 goals

 Shi Tianlun
 Mizuki Sonoda
 Jon So-yon
 Choi Hee-jeong
 Hwang Hye-soo

1 goal

 Amy Harrison
 Ayesha Kirby
 Chloe O'Brien
 Liu Yan
 Pan Jiahui
 Qin Manman
 Zhang Zhu
 Sara Zohrabi
 Yui Hasegawa
 Hikaru Kitagawa
 Meika Nishida
 Choe Un-hwa
 Kim Phyong-hwa
 Kim So-hyang
 Ri Hui-jong
 Ri Hyang-sim
 Wi Jong-sim
 Park Ye-eun
 Song Ji-yoon

Own goal

 Wang Ying (playing against South Korea)
 Shokhida Tojiddinova (playing against China PR)

References

External links
, the-AFC.com

2015
U-19 Women's Championship
2015 in women's association football
2015
2015 in Chinese football
2015 in youth association football
Sport in Nanjing


title: Tombola (game)

text:
Tombola () is a lottery-style board game which originated in Southern Italy. A variation of the game is a popular form of raffle in the UK and elsewhere.

By region

Italy

In Italy, a tombola is a traditional board game, first played in the city of Naples in the eighteenth century. It is similar to the game of bingo. It is mostly played at Christmas time, and prizes are often only symbolic or low cash pots.
The player will purchase cards based on fixed cost decided at the start of the game (usually 20c or similar small coin).
You can buy as many cards as you wish.
The money is then divided into 5 prize lots with increasing value:
 Ambo - 2 numbers on a single horizontal row.
 Terno - 3 numbers on a single horizontal row.
 Quaterna - 4 numbers on a single horizontal row.
 Cinquina - 5 numbers on a single horizontal row.
 Tombola - the whole card has been filled.

The players who reach the above prizes should call them out and collect the lot. Multiple callers for the lot require it to be divided between the winners.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a tombola is a form of raffle in which prizes are pre-assigned to winning tickets. Typically numbered raffle tickets are used, with prizes allocated to all those ending in a particular digit (traditionally a five or a zero). Players pay for a ticket, which they then draw at random from a hat or tombola drum, and can instantly see whether they have won a prize. Tombolas are popular at events such as village fêtes and coffee mornings, when it is expected that not all the players will be present at the end of the event.

United States
In the United States, fair style fundraisers may have booths with prizes that can be won in a manner similar to UK tombola. Players pay to select a folded paper from a container, and unfold it to determine if—and perhaps what—they have won. Typically, winning tickets will be identified by the ending digits of the number on the paper (for instance, –00). Prizes may be distributed by letting the player make a selection or by proactively marking prizes with the winning numbers.

India
In India, the game is often misspelled as Tambola, although Tombola is the official spelling. Tickets are distributed among the players and the presenter announces the numbers in an exciting way. One by one the players claim the prizes and win either real money (which is decided before starting the game) or a gift.

Prizes that can be claimed while playing Tombola are:

 Early Five: A player can claim early five when he strikes the first five numbers in the ticket.
 Four Corners: To claim Four Corners a player should strike Top Row: 1st & 5th Number; Bottom Row: 1st and 5th Number.
 Top Line: A player can claim top line when all the numbers on first-line are struck in the ticket.
 Middle Line: To claim middle-line a player should have all the middle line numbers struck.
 Bottom Line: To claim bottom-line a player should have all the bottom line numbers struck.
 Pyramid: Just as its name, Top Row: 3rd Number; Middle Row: 2nd, 4th Number; Bottom Row: 1st, 3rd, 5th Number are struck then a player can claim pyramid.
 Center: A player can claim center when the 3rd number of the middle row is being cut.
 Circle: Whosoever 3rd number of the Top Row, 2nd, 4th number of the Middle Row, 3rd number of the Bottom row are struck can claim Circle.
 Breakfast: Numbers in Column 1, 2 and 3. It includes numbers from 1 to 29.
 Lunch: Numbers in Column 4, 5 and 6. It covers numbers from 30 to 59 in a ticket.
 Dinner: Numbers in Column 7, 8 and 9. It covers numbers from 60 to 90 in a ticket.
 Minor: Any number from 1- 49 is included in this.
 Major: Any number from 50-90 is included in this.
 Full-House: Players whose all 15 numbers are cut can claim the winning prize.

References

Lotteries
Italian games


title: Montesia

text:
Montesia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Montesia bosqi Seabra, 1961
 Montesia elegantula Monné, 1979
 Montesia fasciolata Galileo & Martins, 1990
 Montesia leucostigma Lane, 1938

References

Aerenicini


The 2015 AFC U-19 Women's Championship qualification was a women's under-19 football competition which decided the participating teams of the 2015 AFC U-19 Women's Championship. Players born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2000 were eligible to compete in the tournament.

A total of eight teams qualified to play in the final tournament, including South Korea, North Korea, China PR (hosts), and Japan, who qualified directly as the top four finishers of the 2013 AFC U-19 Women's Championship.

The top three teams of the final tournament qualified for the 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Papua New Guinea.

Draw
The draw for the qualifiers was held on 17 June 2014 at the AFC House in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 14 AFC member national teams entered the qualifying stage and were drawn into four groups.
West Zone had 7 entrants from Central Asia, South Asia and West Asia, where they were drawn into one group of four teams and one group of three teams.
East Zone had 7 entrants from ASEAN and East Asia (excluding direct qualifiers South Korea, North Korea, China, and Japan), where they were drawn into one group of four teams and one group of three teams.

The teams were seeded according to their performance in the previous season in 2013.

Notes
1 Non-FIFA member, ineligible for World Cup.

Format
In each group, teams played each other once at a centralised venue. The four group winners qualified for the final tournament.

Tiebreakers
The teams were ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If tied on points, tiebreakers would be applied in the following order:
Greater number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
Goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;
Greater number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;
Goal difference in all the group matches;
Greater number of goals scored in all the group matches;
Penalty shoot-out if only two teams are involved and they are both on the field of play;
Fewer score calculated according to the number of yellow and red cards received in the group matches (1 point for a single yellow card, 3 points for a red card as a consequence of two yellow cards, 3 points for a direct red card, 4 points for a yellow card followed by a direct red card);
Drawing of lots.

Groups
The matches were played between 5–9 November 2014 for Groups A, C and D; 7–11 November 2014 for Group B.

Group A
All matches were held in Jordan.
Times listed were UTC+2.

Group B
All matches were initially to be held in Palestine, but were relocated to Sri Lanka.
Times listed were UTC+5:30.

Group C
All matches were held in Vietnam.
Times listed were UTC+7.

Group D
All matches were held in Thailand.
Times listed were UTC+7.

Qualified teams
The following eight teams qualified for the final tournament.

2 Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.

Goalscorers
7 goals

 Sunny Franco
 Nilufar Kudratova
 Lê Hoài Lương

4 goals

 Jordan Baker
 Beattie Goad
 Shabnam Behesht
 Nodira Muydinova

3 goals

 Amy Harrison
 Fereshteh Khosravi
 Rasha Al-Khawaled

2 goals

 Alexandra Chidiac
 Emily Condon
 Olivia Price
 Pyari Xaxa
 Fatemeh Rahmati
 Jeeda Al-Naber
 Biện Thị Hằng
 Bùi Thị Trang
 Đoàn Thị Thanh Tâm
 Nguyễn Kim Anh

1 goal

 Larissa Crummer
 Brooke Goodrich
 Princess Ibini-Isei
 Pan Yen-hsin
 Sharon Fung
 Lee Wing Yan
 Dangmei Grace
 Ngangbam Sweety Devi
 Zahra Khodabakhshi
 Lana Feras
 Mariam Chehab
 Sitianiwati Binte Rosielin
 Upeksha Aberathna
 Jenjira Bubpha
 Jiraporn Mongkoldee
 Maftuna Shoyimova
 Lê Thị Thùy Trang
 Nguyễn Thanh Huyền

Own goal
 Roseamelya Binte Ros (playing against Australia)

References

External links
, the-AFC.com

Qualification
2015
U-19 Women's Championship qualification
U-19 Women's Championship qualification
2014 in women's association football
2015 in women's association football
2014 in youth association football
2015 in youth association football
November 2014 sports events in Asia


title: Stegania cararia

text:
Stegania cararia, the ringed border, is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found from France east to Russia. It is an immigrant in Great Britain. The habitat consists of damp forested areas.

The wingspan is 20–23 mm. Adults are on wing from May to mid-July in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on poplar (Populus species), including aspen (Populus tremula).  Larvae can be found from July to October.

References

External links
 Lepiforum.de

Abraxini
Moths described in 1790
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner


title: Fritz Inthaler

text:
Fritz Inthaler (born 19 March 1937) is a former Austrian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics. His brother, Franz Inthaler, was also a cyclist.

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
Austrian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Austria
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Vienna
20th-century Austrian people