title: Josh Payne (darts player)

text:
Josh Payne (born 10 December 1993) is an English darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation events.

Career
Payne won his first title in 2013 at a PDC Challenge Tour event by beating Rowby-John Rodriguez 4–3 in the final. He also qualified for the Gibraltar Darts Trophy and beat Wayne Jones 6–2, before losing 6–1 to Dave Chisnall in the second round despite averaging 100.50.

In 2014, Payne reached the final of the first two Youth Tour events, losing to Nick Kenny and Lewis Venes respectively. He qualified for the UK Open for the first time and lost 5–4 to Andy Boulton in the second round. At the fifth Players Championship of the year Payne recorded wins over three-time world champion John Part and 2012 UK Open winner Robert Thornton to reach the last 16 of a PDC event for the first time, where he was whitewashed 6–0 by Mervyn King. He also won through to the last 16 of the World Youth Championship and lost 6–4 to Jack Twedwell. In September, Payne came from 3–0 down in the final of a Youth Tour event to beat Jake Jones 4–3 and he lost by a reverse of this scoreline in the final of the 16th event to Dean Reynolds. He finished second on the Youth Tour Order of Merit to earn a two-year PDC tour card which commenced in 2015.

At the 2015 UK Open, Payne defeated Lionel Sams 5–3, Dave Prins 5–4 and Andy Jenkins 9–6 to play in the fourth round, where Mensur Suljović beat him 9–4. Payne beat Wayne Jones, Stephen Bunting and Michael Smith at the Dutch Darts Masters to play in the quarter-finals of a PDC event for the first time, where he lost 6–4 to Justin Pipe. Payne finished as the runner-up in two Development Tour in the second half of the year, as well as being a quarter-finalist in the World Youth Championship.

Payne lost 9–5 to Ryan de Vreede in the third round of the 2016 UK Open. He took the third Development Tour event by defeating Rowby-John Rodriguez in the final.
In May, Payne beat Gerwyn Price, Ronny Huybrechts, Wes Newton, Mensur Suljović and Steve Brown to play in the final of the sixth Players Championship. He then claimed the title with a 6–5 victory over James Wade, sealing it with a 116 finish with Wade waiting on 40. This win saw him qualify for the World Matchplay. On his debut in the event Payne was defeated 10–7 by Robert Thornton. Payne received an invitation to play in the World Series of Darts Finals and was ousted 6–3 by Daryl Gurney in the opening round.

Payne qualified for his first World Championship in the 2017 event through the Pro Tour Order of Merit and he won the first set versus Terry Jenkins. He went 2–1 down and missed one dart to square the match, going on instead to be beaten 3–1.

At the end of the 2021 season, Payne lost his tour card and had to qualify back through the PDC Q-school. He was unsuccessful in his attempt winning only 1 point, which was not enough to earn a 2 year tour card.

He earned back his Tour card in Q-School 2023.

World Championship results

PDC

 2017: First round (lost to Terry Jenkins 1–3)
 2019: Second round (lost to Dave Chisnall 2–3)
 2020: Second round (lost to Dimitri Van den Bergh 0–3)

Performance timeline

PDC European Tour

References

External links

Living people
Professional Darts Corporation current tour card holders
English darts players
1993 births
Sportspeople from Wolverhampton
PDC ranking title winners


title: Eckernförde station

text:
Eckernförde station is the station of the town of Eckernförde in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It is a through station and the most important en-route station on the Kiel–Flensburg railway. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station. To the north of the entrance building there was also a terminal station of the Eckernförde District Railway () until 1958.

Rail services

Eckernförde station has three platform tracks and other tracks that do not have platforms. Currently, tracks 1 and 2 are used for passenger services–until 2007 these were tracks 1 and 3:
track 1 is used by through trains running between Kiel and Flensburg and between Flensburg and Kiel, in the off-peak it sometimes used by trains running between Kiel and Eckernförde and return;
track 2 is mainly reserved for trains between Kiel and Eckernförde and return and it is also partly used in peak hours by long-distance trains.

The length of the platforms is (in rounded figures) 225 metres for track 1, 370 m for track 2 and 426 m for track 3. The latter has since been downgraded to a railway siding.

The Kiel–Flensburg railway is operated (with variations in peak hours) usually every hour by Regionalbahn Schleswig-Holstein; hourly trains between Kiel and Eckernförde are operated by the Nord-Ostsee-Bahn, offset by half an hour. On most days Eckernförde is served between about 4:30 a.m. and 1:20 a.m.

Since 2009, a regional electronic interlocking in Eckernförde station has controlled the electronic signals on the entire section between Eckernförde and Flensburg and the Lindaunis Bridge, a bascule bridge across the Schlei in Lindaunis.

History

The Kiel-Flensburg-Eckernförde Railway Company (Kiel-Eckernförde-Flensburger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, KEFE)) opened the Kiel–Eckernförde section of the Kiel–Flensburg line on 1 July 1881 and the Eckernförde–Flensburg section on 21 December 1881. Traffic was satisfactory and it was taken over by the Prussian state railways on 1 July 1903. It became part of Deutsche Reichsbahn on 1 April 1920. The Eckernförde–Kappeln Narrow Gauge Railway Company (Eckernförde-Kappelner Schmalspurbahn-Gesellschaft) opened a railway to Kappeln with its own terminus at the northern end of Eckernförde station on 26 January 1889, which was closed in 1958. On 1 April 1903, the Eckernförde  district assumed this line and opened a second line to Owschlag on 30 October 1904, which operated until 1954. To distinguish it from the Eckernförde District Railway station (Kreisbahnhof Eckernförde) and two other stations in the Eckernförde urban area of the Eckernförde District Railway (Carlshöhe, Schnaap—which was part of Borby until Borby's incorporation in Eckernförde in 1934—and, from 1947, Hasenheide), the station was initially designated as the Eckernförde Staatsbahnhof (Eckernförde state station), but it was also, at times, called Reichsbahnhof Eckernförde  (Eckernförde  Reichsbahn station) and after the Second World War, for a time it was called Eckernförde Hauptbahnhof (Eckernförde main station).

Because after the Second World War, the British military governors of Schleswig-Holstein ("Regional Commissioners", originally Hugh Champion de Crespigny) lived in the Altenhof manor house, but had their seat at “Somerset House” in Kiel, the line was repaired relatively quickly after the war and services resumed between Kiel and Eckernförde with a morning and an evening services and a single stop at Altenhof station. The trains had a single passenger car for the local population and a lounge car for the British military governor. Eckernförde station was also the destination of trains carrying refugees after the war.

Locomotives were stationed in Eckernförde from the 1960s to the early 1990s, but only a single diesel locomotive still operated to service the port railway. The former engine shed was replaced by for a parking lot after the closure of the port railway. There were around 50 staff at the station at one time.

From 1972 to 1999, Eckernförde station was serviced by individual Durchgangszug (a type of express) and Intercity (IC) trains on the weekends. The IC trains operated, inter alia, on the Eckernförde–Koblenz (initially from Flensburg), Cologne–Eckernförde and Düsseldorf–Hanover–Eckernförde routes. These mainly carried German soldiers. In the first years after the opening of the resort of Damp 2000 in 1972, special IC trains ran from Cologne to Eckernförde and back for weekend getaways.

In the early 1980s, there were plans to close the Kiel–Flensburg line north of Eckernförde.

The original entrance building of Eckernförder station—built in 1880/81 and expanded several times since to about three times its original size—was demolished in 1973 after, a few months earlier, serving as a film set for part of the television adaptation of Hans Fallada's novel,  (published in English as A Small Circus). Only the signalling infrastructure remained until the completion of the new station building in 1974. Shortly before, the freight yard had been moved to the south of the entrance building; this area is now used by the bus station. The ground plan of the current station building consists of four hexagons and an extension to the north consisting of two sections at an angle.

Outlook
It is planned to replace the entrance building built in 1973/74 by a new building. This would also provide space for a cinema and retail shops alongside the railway service areas and the office of the Bahnhofsmission (a charity helping travellers and the needy at stations). These plans are uncertain.

In the proposed StadtRegionalBahn Kiel (Kiel regional Stadtbahn), one of the lines runs to Eckernförde and would be served twice an hour. The planned services would run in Kiel on a route between Kiel-Suchsdorf and Kiel Hauptbahnhof and also on another route through the University. According to these plans, the route would be electrified and a second station would be built in the south of Eckernförde. Eckernförde station would be renamed Eckernförde Hauptbahnhof. After a decision of the district council of Rendsburg-Eckernförde in December 2014 to reject these plans, these plans are not being pursued any further.

Notes

References

External links

Railway stations in Schleswig-Holstein
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1881
Rendsburg-Eckernförde


title: Schoorlea

text:
Schoorlea is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae. It contains only one species, Schoorlea duffelsi, which is found on Sulawesi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Cossidae genera


title: Arthur Edwards (photographer)

text:
Arthur Edwards  (born 12 August 1940), is a British photographer, working for The Sun newspaper, who specialises in pictures of the British royal family, with whom he has toured often.

Early life and education
Edwards was born in August 1940, and educated at St Bernard's Catholic Grammar School, Stepney, London. His mother worked as a cleaner and bought him his first camera, after saving from her wages.

He joined The Sun in 1975, and has been with them ever since.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 25 September 2011.

Edwards was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for "outstanding service to newspapers" and was awarded an honorary doctorate by Anglia Ruskin University in 2012.

Bibliography

References

External links

Living people
1940 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Photographers from London
The Sun (United Kingdom) people
British royal family


title: Spetstyazhavtotrans

text:
Spetstyazhavtotrа́ns () is a Russian company specializing in the shipment of oversized cargo. The group of companies provides engineering services to the oil, gas, chemical, energy and other industries.

History

Timeline
1974 – Establishment of a committee to prepare proposals for the transportation of oversize energy and industrial equipment
24 November 1976 – State Committee on Science and Technology resolution "On ensuring the transportation of large-sized and heavy energy and other industrial equipment and the development of related research"
1978 – Resolution 262 of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union "Measures to improve the organization of transportation of large and heavy cargo"
1978 - Establishment of Spetstyazhavtotrans, a specialized research and production association (SRPA)
1978-1988 – Creation of a classification system for the shipment of oversized cargoes of a large mass (OCLM) and methods of calculating the cost-effectiveness of OCLM transportation
1978 – Shipment by Minrechflot vessels began
1981 – Transportation security agreement for oversize nuclear-power equipment in CMEA countries
1982 – Development program for OCLM transportation by specialized vehicles from 1981 to 2000 approved
1982-1983 – Research on inland highways from the Caspian Sea
1985 – The maritime sector joined the transport of oversize cargo by vehicles and river transport
1986 – First oversize transport by air (Аn-124 "Ruslan" airplanes)
1988 – Volume of oversize cargo increased to 1,250,000 tons from 353,000 tons in 1981
15 April 1991 – Council of Ministers of the RSFSR resolution 10 mandating the RSFSR Ministry of Transport to privatize Spetstyazhavtotrans, SRPA and the State Scientific and Research Institute of Road Transport (SSRIRT) by converting them into joint-stock companies
1992 - Creation of the IPS Project, an automated information-retrieval system for optimal transport and technological solutions
2004 – New owners, with shareholders appointing new management
2006 – Establishment of the Spetstyazhavtotrans corporate group
2006 – Establishment of Polynom to design oil and gas facilities
2007 – Establishment of EDO "Spetstyazhproekt"
2008 – Establishment of NefteGazEnergoStroy Engineering (NGES Engineering)
2012 - Polynom won the ninth all-Russian competition for the best design and survey organization

Events
The 1970s were years of construction in the USSR, with the building of industrial and energy complexes in the Soviet Union began: Atommash, Kureiskaya, Sayano-Shushenskaya, Sakhalin and other HPP, NPP, oil and gas pipelines in Western Siberia and the first petrochemical plants. Each required the transport of heavy cargo which could not be delivered in parts.

For its study in 1974, the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR created a temporary scientific and technical committee to prepare proposals for transporting oversized cargoes of a large mass (OCLM). Its proposals were reflected in the State Committee resolutions "On ensuring the transportation of large-sized and heavy energy and other industrial equipment and the development of related research and development work" and "Guidelines for the research and design work to ensure the transportation of the energy and other industrial equipment", dated 24 November 1976. These documents outlined the main problems of research and development work and measures to satisfy the needs of the national economy for equipment transportation, including the search for new technical and logistical solutions. In May 1976, a Spetstyazhavtotrans convoy was established in Gorky.

On 6 April 1978 Resolution 262 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, "On measures to improve the organization of transportation of large-sized and heavy cargoes", was made. Among the series of measures, the establishment of the specialized research and production association (SRPA) Spetstyazhavtotrans was mandated.

By the early 1990s Spetstyazhavtotrans was a research and production group accounting, according to some estimates, for over 60 percent of oversize transport in the country. It consisted of five large trucking companies in Novgorod, Leningrad, Moscow and Astrakhan, with branches in other cities. Bases were established in Siberia, where there was a great need for transport, in cities which included Surgut, Noyabrsk and Nizhnevartovsk.

The Spetstyazhavtotrans SRPA created a unified system for transporting oversize cargo and engineering services. Significant contributions were made by A. M.  Lyovushkin, L. Y. Byzer, V. S. Molyarchuk, V. N. Androsyuk, A. G. Alexandrov, A. S. Diamidov, N. A. Troitskaya, V. A. Alexandrov, V. P. Safronov, L. M. Moshek, A. A. Lvov, A. Ya. Kogan, P. A. Shpolyansky, R. A. Atanasyan and many others.

Spetstyazhproekt was re-created, and in 2008 NefteGazEnergoStroy Engineering (NGES Engineering LLC) was added to the corporate group which included Polynom LLC. A new production and scientific structure, providing engineering support for transportation and facility design for the chemical and petrochemical industries, was forming.

Notable transports
1977 – Reactor vessel and steam generators for the VVEP-1000 power-generating unit from Izhorsk Engineering Plant to Novovoronezh NPP
1978 – Two gas turbines for polyethylene production, more than 18.2 m in length with a diameter of 4.5 to 7.6 m and weighing 210 tons each, from John Brown & Company to the Prikumsky plastics factory (now Stavrolen) in Budennovsk
1979 - Turbo generator stator weighing 490 tons from Electrosila to the Kostroma Power Station
1979 – Nine pieces of equipment for methanol production, with a maximum diameter of 6 m, length of 33 m and weight of 220 tons, to the Gubahinsky chemical plant
1981 – Hydrometeorological equipment, 26.5 m long, 6.5 m wide, 7.3 m high and weighing 110 tons, to the Kyrgyz hydrometeorology office
1980s – Nine distillation columns, with diameters up to 5.5 m, lengths over 90 m, weighing up to 700 tons, from Petrozavodsk and Dzerzhinsk to Tobolsk
1980s - Steam generator weighing 340 tons to the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant
1982 – Concrete floating workshop 67.5 m long, 13.52 m wide and weighing 1300 tons from Bourgas, Bulgaria to Havana
1983 - Distillation column, weighing 335.2 tons with a diameter of 5 m and 62 m long, from the Dzerzhinskhimmash plant in Kirishi
1986 – Four ammonia-production units, up to 4 m in diameter and weighing up to 500 tons, from Bulgaria to a chemical plant in Dimitrovgrad
1987 - TVR-120-2 generator stator and TDTS=125000/1100 transformer weighing 126 and 114 tons, respectively, to Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
2007 – Equipment for the Nizhnekamskneftekhim polyethylene plant (320 packages, totaling more than 685 tons)
2008 – Two reactors (R-1201 – about 30 m long and 115 tons, and R-1202 – over 38 m and 310 tons) to the site of the Nizhnekamskneftekhim polyolefin plant
2009 – Two 800-ton reactors from Izhorskiye Zavody to Lukoil-NORSI
2012 – Petrochemical equipment (weighing up to 380 tons, 67 m long and up to 7.5 m in diameter) from Energomash-Atommash in Volgodonsk to TANECO in Nizhnekamsk
2010-2013 – Turbine wheels and heavy equipment to the RusHydro Sayano-Shushenskaya hydro power plant
2011-2014 – Six reactors, weighing up to 1,300 tons, to the Rosneft Tuapse oil terminal
2013-2014 – Four hydrofracking reactors, weighing up to 1,306 tons, to the Rosneft Achinsk refinery

Record
In 2013, Spetstyazhavtotrans set a world record for road transportation of heavy cargo (a hydrocracking reactor) 203 kilometers from Kubekovo in Krasnoyarsk Krai to the Achinsk refinery

References

External links

Transport companies of Russia
Companies based in Moscow
Transport companies established in 1978
1978 establishments in the Soviet Union
Service companies of the Soviet Union


title: Usman Ibrahim

text:
Usman Ibrahim (; born 1 September 1939) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from August 2018 till August 2023. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from March 2008 to May 2018.

He served as Federal Minister for Defence Production, in Abbasi cabinet in May 2018. Previously, he served as Minister of State for Housing and Works from June 2013 to January 2014, as Minister of State for Capital Administration and Development from January 2014 to November 2015, as Minister of State for Law and Justice from August 2017 to October 2017, and as Minister of State for Human Rights from October 2017 to May 2018.

Early life and education
He was born on 1 September 1939.

He did his graduated from  Government College University in Lahore before doing law graduation from Punjab University Law College in Lahore. He did Barrister at Law from Lincoln's Inn.

Political career
He had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 1985 to 1999, and held the portfolio of Minister of Education of Punjab from 1990 to 1993.

He ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) from Constituency NA-95 (Gujranwala-I) in 2002 Pakistani general election, but was unsuccessful and lost the seat to a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.

He was elected to the National Assembly from Constituency NA-95 (Gujranwala-I) as a candidate of PML-N in 2008 Pakistani general election.

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-95 (Gujranwala-I) in 2013 Pakistani general election.

In June 2013, he was appointed as the Minister of State for Housing and Works in the Nawaz Sharif cabinet.

Ibrahim was made the state minister for Capital Administration and Development Division and was replaced by Tariq Fazal Chaudhry in November 2015 due to reason government was not satisfied with the performance of Ibrahim. He continued to serve as state minister without portfolio. He had ceased to hold ministerial office in July 2017 when the federal cabinet was disbanded following the resignation of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif after Panama Papers case decision.

Following the election of Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as Prime Minister of Pakistan in August 2017, he was inducted into the federal cabinet of Abbasi. He was made the minister of state for law and Justice. In October 2017, he was made Minister of State for Human Rights.

On 3 May 2018, he was elevated as a federal minister and was appointed as Federal Minister for Defence Production in the federal cabinet of Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. Upon the dissolution of the National Assembly on the expiration of its term on 31 May 2018, Ibrahim ceased to hold the office as Federal Minister for Defence Production.

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-82 (Gujranwala-IV) in 2018 Pakistani general election.

References

Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
Living people
1939 births
Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Defence Production Ministers of Pakistan


title: Suranga Nanayakkara

text:
Suranga Nanayakkara (born 1981) is a Sri Lankan born computer scientist and inventor. , he is the director of Augmented Human Lab and associate professor at the National University of Singapore. Before moving to Auckland in 2018, he was an assistant professor at Singapore University of Technology and Design. He is best known for his work on FingerReader
and Haptic Chair. His research interests include Wearable Computing, Assistive Technology, Ubiquitous computing, AI,  Collective intelligence and Robotics. MIT Technology Review honored Nanayakkara as one of the Innovators Under 35 for Asia Pacific Region 2014.

Education and research

Suranga is from Piliyandala, in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Having received his secondary education from Royal College, Colombo,
he completed bachelor's degree in electrical and computer engineering from the National University of Singapore in Singapore. He holds a PhD in Engineering from  National University of Singapore. Suranga spent half a year at University of Birmingham and  half a year at University of Southern California under student exchange program. Later he was a postdoctoral researcher with Pattie Maes's Fluid Interfaces Group at  MIT Media Lab.

Career

 Since 2011, he has been directing the Augmented Human Lab.
 In 2018, he was invited to join University of Auckland as the first appointee of New Zealand Government's strategic entrepreneurial universities scheme
 He joined Singapore University of Technology and Design as an Assistant Professor in 2011

Inventions

Suranga is best known for his work
EyeRing - A finger-worn interface for seamless interactions

Haptic Chair - Audio visual system to provide a more satisfying musical experience to deaf people
and StickEars – a sound-based sticky note like device to make everyday objects more accessible.
Among some of his other work, Suranga has invented  SPARSH – a way to copy-paste data between digital devices; FingerDraw - way to extract colours and textures from nature and bring them into digital drawings.

Awards and achievements

 INK Fellow, 2016, by INK
 Ten Outstanding Young Persons (TOYP), Sri Lanka award 2015, by JCI Sri Lanka
 Young Innovator under 35 (MIT TR35) 2014 award, Asia Pacific region.
 Finalist, Singapore Challenge, Global Young Scientist Summit (GYSS’14).
 Interactive installation, iSwarm, selected for i Light Singapore 2014 Light show

References

External links

Documentary about Suranga in a Global Vision TV, Japan
Suranga Nanayakkara's work on Yahoo News
Creating the next generation of innovators
Suranga Nanayakkara at TR35 Singapore

Human–computer interaction researchers
Sri Lankan computer scientists
National University of Singapore alumni
1981 births
Augmented reality
Sri Lankan emigrants to Singapore
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Living people
MIT Media Lab people


title: Emile Plantamour

text:
Emile Plantamour or Émile Plantamour, (14 May 1815 - 7 September 1882) was a Swiss astronomer.

Biography
He was the son of François-Théodore, Hospital director, and of Louise Saladin. He was born in Geneva.

He studied astronomy with Jean-Alfred Gautier and worked with François Arago in Paris, Alexander von Humboldt and Johann Franz Encke in Berlin, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel at the University of Königsberg and Carl Friedrich Gauss at the University of Göttingen.

He was the fourth director of the Observatory of Geneva from 1839 to 1882 (43 years) and honorary professor at the Academy of Geneva; then professor at the University of Geneva when it was established in 1873. He was three times rector of the Academy.

Under his direction, the Observatory of Geneva constructed a structure for magnetic observations, an extension of the main building and a new room for an equatorial mount.

His scientific works involved astronomy, meteorology, chronometry, magnetism, geodesy and gravimetry.

He died in Geneva in 1882.

Works

Bibliography
 R. Wolf: Todes-Anzeige. Astronomische Nachrichten, Bd. 103 (1882), S. 161.
 Emile Plantamour. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 43 (1883), p. 184.
 Emile Plantamour. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 18 (May, 1882 – May, 1883), pp. 461–463.

See also

 Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero – president of the International Geodetic Association

References

External links

 Query Results from the ADS Database - E. Plantamour in Astrophysics Data System

1815 births
1882 deaths
Scientists from Geneva
19th-century Swiss astronomers
University of Königsberg alumni
University of Göttingen alumni
Academic staff of the University of Geneva


title: FK Pardubice 1899

text:
FK Pardubice 1899 was a Czech football club from the city of Pardubice, which played one season in the Czechoslovak First League, under the name of VCHZ Pardubice. It was founded as Explosia Semtín in 1925.

In 1961n then so called "VCHZ Pardubice" the club merged with "VTJ Dukla Parbubice" (this one founded as "Tankista Praha" where International goalkeeper Imre Stacho did its Military Service)

The club played in the 1968–69 Czechoslovak First League, reaching the final of the Czechoslovak Cup in the same season. The club played in the Czech 2. Liga between 1993 and 1997.

Historical names
 1925 – Explosia Semtín
 1947 – Synthesia Semtín
 1948 – Sokol Synthesia Semtín
 1952 – Sokol Chemik Semtín
 1953 – Jiskra Semtín
 1958 – VCHZ Pardubice (1961 – merged with "VTJ Dukla Pardubice"(former "Tankista Praha")
 1990 – Synthesia Pardubice
 1993 – SK Pardubice
 1997 – FK Dropa Pardubice 1899
 1999 – FK Pardubice 1899

References

Football clubs in Czechoslovakia
Defunct football clubs in the Czech Republic
Czechoslovak First League clubs
Association football clubs established in 1925
Association football clubs disestablished in 2017
1925 establishments in Czechoslovakia
Sport in Pardubice
2017 disestablishments in the Czech Republic


title: Hozier (album)

text:
Hozier is the debut studio album by Irish musician Hozier. It was released on 19 September 2014 by Island Records and Rubyworks Records. Before the album's release, he attracted attention from his 2013 and 2014 EPs Take Me to Church (2013) and From Eden (2014), which contained songs that were later included on the album. Hozier collaborated with producer Rob Kirwan during its recording. Hozier has been described as a blues, soul and indie rock album with elements of gospel, R&B and folk music.

Hozier received generally positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised Hozier's songwriting and vocal performance. The record was also commercially successful, reaching top ten positions in Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Denmark, and Greece. Five of the album's singles—"Take Me to Church", "From Eden", "Sedated", "Work Song", and "Someone New"—charted in the top-50 of the Irish Singles Chart. The album's lead single, "Take Me to Church", was a huge success worldwide and also earned a nomination for Song of the Year at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Following the release of the record, "Jackie and Wilson" and "Cherry Wine" were released as the album's sixth and seventh singles, respectively.

Background
Hozier began writing songs at the age of 15. He taught himself guitar and sang in his school choir. He later studied music education at Trinity College Dublin but was refused a year's deferral by the college after missing exams to record demos for a music label. While at Trinity, Hozier became involved with the Trinity Orchestra. He was a member of the choral ensemble Anúna from 2007 to 2012 and appears as a soloist on their 2014 release Illuminations singing "La Chanson de Mardi Gras". He toured and sang with the group internationally including performances in Norway and the Netherlands. Hozier played at Oxegen Festival in 2009 and 2010. In 2011, he opened up for a performance for Alex Winston in Dublin. In 2012, Hozier appeared as a backup singer for Billy Ocean.

Writing and recording
Hozier began writing the album after ending his first relationship, saying it forced him to "reflect" upon what being in love meant, having reasons to "distract" himself and "cultivate his ideas" before "turn(ing) them into music". Hozier has stated that there are "a lot of recurring themes" in the album dealing with "personal liberations - finding yourself, accepting yourself, and making sense of yourself" in trying to be honest about "the more wonderful and awful things of your day-to-day". He describes his initial efforts as "angsty, lonely songwriting that teenagers do". He wrote "Take Me to Church" in his parents' living room and recorded the song in a "makeshift attic studio" in Wicklow, collaborating with producer Rob Kirwan. At a live performance in Boston, Hozier explained that "Cherry Wine" was recorded at five in the morning in an old, abandoned hotel with a caved-in roof and walls covered in graffiti. The cover artwork is a painting made by Hozier's mother Raine Hozier-Byrne, who also did the artworks of the album's singles.

Music and lyrics
Hozier is a blues, soul and indie rock record, featuring elements of gospel, R&B and folk. The album contains an "Americana-rock blend with oily guitar riffs, crashing high-hats, angelic choruses and sung-spoken verses...", characterized by subtle guitar, strong percussion, dark instrumentals, whimsical strings, "soulful" and raw vocals and "haunting" melodies". The standard edition of Hozier is just under an hour long, consisting of thirteen tracks, while the deluxe edition adds four bonus songs to the record. The album was solely written by Hozier, except "Someone New", which was co-written with his former girlfriend Sallay-Matu Garnett. The album was produced by Hozier and Rob Kirwan.

Songs

Hozier opens with "Take Me to Church", a gospel-inflected mid-tempo blues song with "sweeping orchestral choruses" showcasing the artist's vocal range ascribing religious terminology to the nuances of a romantic relationship. "Angel of Small Death and the Codeine Scene" is a blues and indie-rock track, containing guitar riffs clapping hands and church organs with a half-time beat, describing a "temptress" in "stained-glass colors", lamenting the unavoidable "curse of being young in love". "Jackie and Wilson" is a bluesy, laid-back soulful rockabilly track, backed by an "angelic choir of harmonies, a tribute to American singer Jackie Wilson. It features "tongue-in-cheek" lyrics musing about a couple "naming their children Jackie and Wilson" while "rais[ing] them on rhythm and blues." "Someone New" is a pop-like whimsical spring-stepped indie-rock song with strong strings, a pizzicato bass and choral harmonies, discussing a wandering celebration of "renewed love" in the face of strangers. "To Be Alone" is melancholy blues song containing a simplistic drumbeat guitar licks and church organs, depicting the "euphoric" attraction of solitude with a partner.

"From Eden" features a flamenco bridge, referencing the titular garden in its Biblical imagery and describing a journey to "find himself as much as the girl", with the narrator "slithering" to his lover's door. "In a Week" is a Celtic-inspired folk duet with breathy harmonies from Karen Cowley detailing pastoral fantasy about decomposing amongst the fauna of the Wicklow Mountains alongside his love. "Sedated" is a soulful track with tinkling piano and gospel melodies with depicts a "warning" of personal decay within a relationship. "Work Song" is a gothic-spiritual love song with murmurous vocals, tambourine, and a strong melodic bass, discussing a promise of devotion beyond the grave. "Like Real People Do" is an acoustic song in a "warm" higher key with keening vocals, its lyrics intertwining metaphors of insects and nature, while pleading for his sweetheart to kiss him in affection. "It Will Come Back" is a twangy track with "devilish" strings slide guitar riffs and tambourines with deviant notations while "Foreigner's God" has a soulful edge with loaded lyrical and religious allegories. "Cherry Wine" ends the album on an apologetic note with an intimate acoustic live-recording that juxtaposes the samples of chirping birds and soft guitar with the description of a tempestuous, abusive relationship.

Release and promotion

The album was available to pre-order in Europe upon its announcement with North American and Australian pre-order dates from July 2014. The album was released 19 September 2014. The album was distributed by Island Records in most of the world and by Columbia Records in the United States.

Singles
"Take Me to Church" was announced by Hozier as the lead single from the album and was released on 13 September 2013. The song peaked at #2 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Hozier's highest-charting single in the U.S. to date. The music video, alluding to themes of homophobia, was released that same month, having been created on a "shoestring budget" and filmed entirely in black-and-white. The video was shared by gay English actor Stephen Fry, which helped it reach the front page of Reddit and subsequently go viral. "Take Me to Church" saw Hozier's rise to prominence, with the song scoring top five positions around the world and gaining multi-platinum certifications; the song also garnered critical acclaim for its lyricism and messaging.

"From Eden" was released as the second single from the album on 9 March 2014. The song peaked at #2 on the Irish Singles Chart. "Sedated" was released as the third single from the album on 20 May 2014. The song peaked at #3 on the Irish Singles Chart. "Work Song" was released as the fourth single from the album on 16 March 2015. "Someone New" was released as the fifth single from the album on 11 May 2015. The song peaked at #13 on the Irish Singles Chart. "Jackie and Wilson" was released as the sixth single from the album on 29 September 2015. "Cherry Wine" was released as the seventh single from the album on 14 February 2016. The track appeared in Zach Braff's movie Wish I Was Here, chosen for its "heartbreaking lyrics and poetry". It was later performed on the Late Late Show.

Tour
Hozier toured the United States and Europe in support of the album across 2014 and 2015, with multiple shows featuring opening act Ásgeir. Irish band Wyvern Lingo opened for his performances in Ireland.

Critical reception

Hozier received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 79, based on 10 reviews.

AllMusic's Timothy Monger called the album "a strong debut", praising the singer's soulful voice and the quality of the material. "Like fellow Irishman Van Morrison did decades before, Hozier draws on the soul and R&B of Jackie Wilson and runs it through the mystery white-boy filter of Jeff Buckley, adding a touch of Bon Iver's rural indie aesthetic to mix into his own dark cocktail", he wrote. Sergiusz Królak of JazzSoul.pl claimed, "Hozier (...) revealed album with emotionally strong songs," adding that "acoustic-rock-ballad tracklist makes a great whole with deep-emotional vocal and strong lyrics".

Simon Harper of Clash magazine commented that "His voice, more poitín-sweetened than whiskey-soaked, caresses delicate melodies and rougher rhythms alike with confidence – it lingers compellingly in the creeping blues of 'To Be Alone', whispers prettily in the folky 'Like Real People Do', and preaches fervently in the ragged R&B of 'Jackie And Wilson'. The Irishman's storytelling is suitably fluid, relying on the realism of true romance rather than affecting any impoverished Delta designs. As a result, 'Hozier' is an authentic portrait of an artist – soulful, spiritual and seductive – and is a deeply impressive first step."

Rolling Stone magazine's Jon Dolan wrote, "Blessed with a sensual singing voice and a seemingly bottomless well of lapsed-Catholic-style conflict, Hozier channels Van Morrison's Celtic R&B, Southern soul and Black Keys-style garage blues into intimately roiling songs like 'Angel of Small Death and the Codeine Scene'." Helen Brown of The Telegraph noted, "Gospel choirs hum and swell tenderly beneath the rougher edges of his riffs. They add mature, universal gravitas and often a holy ecstacy to an intense, youthful lyrical tangling of religion and romantic obsession that regularly finds him poised 'between love and abuse'," adding that "Hozier mixes his tormented blues with sunny R&B."

Accolades
"Take Me to Church" received a nomination for the category Song of the Year at the 57th Grammy Awards while Hozier was nominated for the category Top Rock Album at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards and International Album of the Year at the 2016 Juno Awards. Hozier won Best Album at the European Border Breakers Awards, a prize recognising the achievements of international artists outside their home country. Jessica Goodman and Ryan Kistobak of The Huffington Post included the album on their list of 2014's best releases.

Commercial performance
Hozier peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and  number three on the UK Albums and ARIA Charts. The album ranked at number one on the Rock Albums Chart and the Americana/Folk Chart. The album debuted at number two on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 8,800 copies in its first week. Hozier also secured Top 15 chart positions in Belgium, Denmark, Holland, and Germany.

As of March 2019, the album has sold 972,000 copies and has earned 2.6 million equivalent album units in the U.S. In Hozier's home country of Ireland, the project started atop with 7,300 units. It has sold 90,000 copies there.

Track listing

Personnel

Credits adapted from AllMusic.

Musicians
 Hozier – vocals, guitar, bass, piano, synthesizer
 Karen Cowley – vocals (track 7)
 Alex Ryan – bass, piano
 Ken Rice – viola, violin
 Kate Ellis – cello
 Matt Rafter – cello
 Andre Antunes – drums, percussion
 Rory Doyle – drums, percussion
 Fiachra Kinder – drums
 Rob Kirwan – percussion

Additional personnel
 Mark James – design
 Raine Hozier-Byrne – artwork
 Steven Appleby – fonts, logo

Technical
 Hozier – producer
 Rob Kirwan – producer, engineer, mixing
 Niall Muckian	– direction
 Roger Quail – A&R
 Andrew Scheps	– mixing
 Stephen Marcussen – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

2014 debut albums
Albums recorded in a home studio
Hozier (musician) albums
Columbia Records albums
Island Records albums
Rubyworks Records albums
European Border Breakers Award-winning albums


title: Bella-Muro railway station

text:
Bella-Muro is a railway station near Bella, Italy. The station opened on 6 November 1877 and is located on the Battipaglia–Metaponto railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

Train services
The station is served by the following service(s):

Intercity services Rome - Naples - Salerno - Taranto
Regional services (Treno regionale) Naples - Salerno - Potenza - Metaponto - Taranto

References

This article is based upon a translation of the Italian language version as at June 2014.

Railway stations in Basilicata
Buildings and structures in the Province of Potenza
Railway stations opened in 1877
1877 establishments in Italy
Railway stations in Italy opened in the 1870s


title: Arthur Stafford Crawley

text:
Arthur Stafford Crawley MC  (18 September 1876 – 8 October 1948) was a Canon of Windsor from 1934 to 1948.

Family
He was born in 1876, the youngest son of George Baden Crawley (1833-1879) and Eliza Inez Hulbert.

He married Anstice Katherine Gibbs, daughter of Antony and Janet Gibbs of Tyntesfield, Somerset in 1903. They had five children.

Army service
He volunteered as an army chaplain in 1915, and joined the Guards Division in Flanders commanded by his brother-in-law Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan. In 1916 he was awarded the Military Cross following the rescue under fire of wounded soldiers. A bar was later added to the MC.

Career

He was educated at Harrow School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He studied for the priesthood at Cuddesdon Theological College.

Following ordination he received the following appointments.
Assistant curate at Stepney 1901 - 1903
Assistant curate at Chelsea 1903 - 1905
Vicar of Benenden, Kent 1905 - 1910
Vicar of Bishopthorpe 1910 - 1918
Vicar of East Meon, Hampshire 1922 – 1924
Secretary to the York Diocesan board of finance 1924 – 1928
Assistant secretary to the Church of England central board of finance 1928 – 1929
Diocesan secretary to the St Albans Diocese 1929 – 1934
Canon of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1934 – 1948
Chaplain to King George VI 1944 - 1948

Notes

1876 births
1948 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Recipients of the Military Cross
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
People educated at Harrow School
English cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
A. J. Webbe's XI cricketers


title: Antonio Iturmendi Bañales

text:
Antonio Iturmendi Bañales (1903–1976) was a Spanish Carlist and Francoist politician. He is best known as the Minister of Justice, serving in 1951–1965, as the Cortes speaker, serving in 1965–1969; he held the parliamentarian ticket between 1949 and 1976. He is also noted as briefly a civil governor and Tarragona and Zaragoza provinces in 1939. Though not counted among key decision-makers of the Francoist regime, he is considered instrumental in thwarting the Falangist attempt to re-define the system in the mid-1950s, and in the process of implementing the Alfonsist restoration in the 1960s.

Family and youth

The Iturmendi family originated from the Navarrese town of Morentín was first noted in the mid-16th century. It got very branched, though none of its representatives got particularly distinguished. The best-known family member was Emeterio Celedonio Iturmendi Barbarín (1812-1883), a military who became an icon of Carlist insurgency; he took part in all three Carlist wars (1833-8, 1849, 1873–6) and grew to general. He was also the brother of Antonio's great-grandfather. Either the grandfather or the father of Antonio moved to Baracaldo on the Biscay coast; the latter, José Iturmendi López (1873-1955), was educated in jurisprudence and worked as a lawyer for almost half a century. In the mid-1920s he was president of Consejo Judicial of Banco Vasco and as such was involved in negotiations over Concierto Económico, periodical financial arrangements between the provincial Biscay self-government and Madrid. In the mid-1930s he became the dean of Colegio de Abogados of the Biscay province, the position held until death. Iturmendi López married Julia Bañales Menchaca (1881-1962); the couple had 11 children, 7 sons and 4 daughters.

Like his siblings, Antonio was raised in a profoundly Catholic ambience; he started education at the Doctrina Cristiana and Sagrados Corazones schools, where he obtained the baccalaureate. At unspecified time though probably around the year of 1920 he entered facultad de derecho at Universidad de Deusto, the prestigious Bilbao-based high school founded by the Jesuit Order. It is at Deusto that he graduated in law; exact date is not clear and probably fell on the mid-1920s. In 1924 Iturmendi settled his affairs with the army and in 1926 he was nominated abogado de estado, the state juridical service. The same year he successfully passed entry exams to Instituto Reus and commenced law practice in Delegación de Hacienda in Castellón, though already in 1927 he was transferred to Logroño. At unspecified time in the late 1920s Iturmendi returned to his native Biscay when posted to Bilbao.

In 1927 Iturmendi married Rita Gómez Nales (1900-1983), a Mexico-born girl from an indiano family; none of the sources consulted provides any information on her family except that they resided in Madrid. The couple settled in Bilbao. Antonio and Rita had 5 children: María Teresa, María del Pilár, María de los Angeles, Antonio and Javier Iturmendi Gómez Nales. None of them became a public figure, though Maria Teresa married Alfonso Osorio García, a Francoist and later a Christian-Democrat politician, deputy prime minister in the Suarez government. Some of Antonio's grandchildren, especially from the Osorio Iturmendi and the Iturmendi Mac-Lellan families, are high corporative executives. One Iturmendi's brother was a locally recognized lawyer and another was a military. Antonio's nephew, José Iturmendi Morales, became a scholar in jurisprudence and for 20 years until 2008 served as dean of the Law Department at Universidad Complutense in Madrid, considered one of key Spanish iusnaturalists. Antonio's niece, Juana Iturmendi Maguregui, is a Partido Popular politician and served in the Senate during the 2009–2011 term.

Bilbao: from abogado to deputy mayor

Close to nothing is known about Iturmendi's public engagements of the late 1920s and early 1930s, except that he continued exercising as abogado del estado in Bilbao. At unspecified time he became asesor juridico for the provincial Biscay self-government and it is likely that in this role he met Esteban Bilbao, the friend of his father and during primoderiverista period the president of the Biscay diputación; Bilbao was to become Iturmendi's lifetime political patron and Iturmendi turned his protégé and successor. In the early 1930s Iturmendi continued as a lawyer; during Dictablanda he worked with his father in the same office, but in the Republican period he set up an office of his own. None of the sources consulted clearly notes him as involved in any political activity. Later works and press notes referred to Iturmendi as a Carlist and Traditionalist, though it is not confirmed that like Esteban Bilbao he joined Traditionalist Communion or otherwise engaged in Carlist initiatives. An apparently well-known Iturmendi was recorded as involved in Acción Popular in the Biscay countryside, though it is not clear whether the person is question was Antonio, his father or any other family member.

There is no data available related to Iturmendi's stand prior and shortly after the July 1936 coup. It is not known whether he was involved in the Carlist conspiracy, where he resided during the outbreak of the Civil War and what his fate was in the next few months. In August 1936 José Iturmendi showed up in Burgos and publicly declared adhesion to the military Junta, yet a corresponding press note did not mention Antonio as accompanying his father. He reportedly accepted the Unification Decree of April 1937 and was among these Carlists who readily joined the new Francoist state party, Falange Española Tradicionalista, though the first confirmed information on his whereabouts comes from December 1937. Recommended by Esteban Bilbao, Iturmendi was nominated into a 3-member Comisión Liquidadora; once the Nationalists scrapped all separate provincial Biscay arrangements, especially Concierto Económico, the body was entrusted with engineering their legal handover to the central administration and it completed the task within few months.

Also the next Iturmendi's assignment kept him busy in Bilbao. In August 1938 the Nationalist Ministry of Interior appointed the 3rd municipal administration, headed by José Lequerica; in a trademark Francoist move of balancing various political groupings, as a tractable Carlist Iturmendi was nominated primero teniente de alcalde, de facto the deputy mayor of the city. He became president of the Economic and Budgetary Commission and entered executive boards of commercial companies controlled by the city, e.g. he joined Junta de Gobierno of Caja de Ahorros de Bilbao. None of the sources consulted provides any detailed information on his activity in the town hall; it is neither clear when exactly he ceased. Most sources note that in January 1939 he was posted to a new job in Catalonia; however, some works list Iturmendi as member of the Bilbao administration until March 1939.

Rise and demise

In January 1939 Iturmendi was nominated the first Francoist gobernador civil in Tarragona. He is noted as involved in anti-Republican purges; officials deemed “anti-patriotic” were to be removed or suspended. Iturmendi was also recorded for his role during a conflict related to cardenal Vidal Barraquer. Furious about the archbishop's neutralist stance, Franco was determined to prevent his return to Tarragona; Iturmendi helped to outmaneuver the provisional papal nominee, Francesc Vives, and greatly contributed to final defeat of the Vatican's diplomacy in their struggle to reinstate Vidal. In March 1939 Iturmendi was transferred to civil governor position in Zaragoza, which he held for 5 months. Again, he is noted as the one whose hand “did not tremble” when dealing with officials suspected of lack of enthusiasm for the new regime.

In August 1939 Iturmendi ceased as the Zaragoza governor and was nominated head of Dirección General de Administración Local within the Ministry of Interior; the job presented him with enormous powers as he became responsible for these local nominations which were not reserved for the Minister or civil governors. Indeed, he cautiously endorsed Carlists in ranks of the local officials, noted for promoting his fellow Traditionalists in Vic, Valencia or Bilbao. He also organized from scratch Cuerpo de Funcionarios of the local administration and founded a dedicated school named Instituto de Estudios de Administración Local, serving at the same time as its vice-president.

In September 1939 Iturmendi was appointed to the second Consejo Nacional of Falange; according to some scholars he represented the Carlist “colaboracionistas”, who replaced Carlist “duros”. Others count him among the hardline Falangist “blandos” and note that Iturmendi in public appeared in the black party uniform. As before taking seat in Consejo he did not seek authorization from the Carlist regent-claimant Don Javier, the latter expelled him from Comunión Tradicionalista. Undeterred, Iturmendi continued in Francoist structures. In May 1941 he ceased at Administración Local and was appointed sub-secretary in Ministry of Interior. Political background of the change remains disputed; according to one scholar Iturmendi was promoted by the new minister Valentín Galarza as part of his offensive against Serrano Suñer; another account has it that Serrano was Iturmendi's “mentor”.

Iturmendi's position versus Carlism remained ambiguous. On the one hand, as high official of the Interior he monitored the intransigent party activists and denounced some as "aliadofilos". On the other, in late 1941 he visited the Falangist secretario general and demanded that Traditionalists are no longer isolated and marginalized. He maintained relations with collaborative Carlists; in August 1942 he was present during a sermon to honor the Carlist dead, which later became known as the Begoña incident. Iturmendi emerged unhurt yet he was furious about the hardline Falangism. In protest he resigned his seat in Consejo Nacional; shortly afterwards he ceased as sub-secretary in the Interior. It is not clear whether the dismissal was related to his resignation; some scholars claim that on the contrary, he was fired as part of the anti-Serranista purges in the ministry.

From sidelines back to power

In late 1942 Iturmendi was not re-appointed to the new Consejo Nacional and he found himself on the sidelines of official politics; according to some scholars he commenced the period of “largo ostracismo”, which was to last until the end of the decade. Politically he seemed bewildered, vacillating between Javierista Carlism, Juanista Carlism, Carloctavismo and Francoism. In 1943 together with orthodox Carlist leaders he signed a letter to Franco; the signatories demanded that totalitarian features of the regime are removed and traditional institutions are brought back. Some authors claim that in 1944 Iturmendi returned to Comunión Tradicionalista, allegedly because he sensed that after the Allied takeover of Western Europe the end of Francoism was near. However, almost at the same time Iturmendi was reportedly engaged in drafting a political manifesto of the Alfonsist claimant Don Juan; it materialized in 1946 as Bases Institucionales de la Monarquía Española. Some scholars claim that the 1946 Ley de Sucesión partially acknowledged the Juanista proposal. Others suggest rather that it might have been written with the Carloctavista claimant in mind; together with Esteban Bilbao, Iturmendi emerged as one of the best known supporters of Karl Pius Habsburgo-Lorena. As at the time it appeared that Carloctavistas enjoyed some cautious backing of the regime it might have seemed that Iturmendi took part in a Francoist plot to install a puppet king. Indeed, he started to re-gain position in officialdom; in 1947 he was appointed to the new Consejo Nacional of Falange and as its member he automatically gained seat in the third Francoist Cortes, assembled in 1949.

Though not holding important political positions throughout most of the 1940s, Iturmendi did not entirely fall out of grace. At unspecified time in the mid-1940s he was appointed president of the executive board of Fabricación Española de Fibras Textiles Artificiales, the company created within the Instituto Nacional de Industria framework in Miranda de Ebro. As part of the Francoist plan of reaching full economic independence, FEFASA was tasked with launching production of synthetic fiber; though based on German technology, the bid was not successful before Iturmendi ceased as president. Other commercial enterprises he engaged in were Pola and Nervión, two Bilbao-based insurance companies where he worked as consejero. Iturmendi resumed also the law practice, though not in Bilbao but in Madrid; he served as abogado del estado before various Tribunales in the capital. He engaged also in more ambitious juridical activities. In a move hardly compatible with his earlier work in Liquidadora, he took part in works developing legal infrastructure for semi-autonomous governance which would incorporate some fuerista establishments into the civil code. They climaxed in Congreso Nacional de Derecho Civil in Zaragoza in 1946; its resolutions paved the way for a 1947 decree, which in turned enabled further works. They were to continue grudgingly throughout decades and ultimately turned out to be a failure, yet even 20 years later Iturmendi considered them vital for Spanish legal system.

Minister of Justice

Since the late 1940s reinstated in official structures, Iturmendi rose to governmental strata when in 1951 he was nominated Minister of Justice. None of the sources consulted provides any details on mechanism of his appointment except that it was part of the Franco's balancing game and that Iturmendi followed in the footsteps of Esteban Bilbao. His term turned out to be one of the longest ministerial tenures in the Francoist Spain and lasted 14 years until 1965; until today Iturmendi remains also the longest serving Spanish minister of justice in the entire history. Moreover, during his tenure he was also many times and for short few-day periods double-hatting as a caretaker minister for Public Works, Economy, Education, Labor and Information.

By the time Iturmendi took office the regime had already mitigated its terror; also the basic Francoist legislation had already been in place. Iturmendi focused on regulations which stabilized the system further on. He soon announced his determination to do away with administrative defects of the juridical system, and then contributed to fine-tuning of the Civil Code, Ley de Jurisdicción Contencioso-Administrativa, Ley de Sociedales de Responsabilidad Limitada, Ley de Expropriación Forzosa, Ley de Venta de Bienes and Ley de Adopción. He was also chief engineer behind the concept of dual citizenship, shared by Spain and Latin American states and gradually implemented throughout the 1950s. Some scholars claim that Iturmendi's Traditionalist leaning contributed to further restrictions on public morality, like the 1956 regulations which officially delegalized prostitution or the 1958 law aimed against homosexuals. One of his final ministerial initiatives was setting up Juzgado y Tribunal de Orden Publico; in 1963 the body replaced the obsolete Tribunal Especial para la Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo and was designed to handle high-profile political cases. In 1963 he admitted to 610 political prisoners in Spain.

When discussing his governmental career many scholars do not focus on Iturmendi's ministerial work but single out his stand during the 1956 crisis, when Falange hardliners led by Arrese produced the last serious attempt to convert the regime into a totalitarian system. Since 1947 continuously member of the Falangist Consejo Nacional, in 1955 Iturmendi was appointed to a party committee entrusted with drafting the law. First he tried to water it down during internal works of the committee but failed. Then as minister of justice he wrote to Franco arguing against the proposal once it had already landed on dictator's desk; Iturmendi claimed that if accepted, it would build a Soviet-style regime like these of the USSR, Poland, Yugoslavia or China. He declared that only the monarchy might prevent “tyranny of inorganic democracy” and presented his own set of legislative proposals, aimed to build “Estado do Derecho”; according to some scholars they were drafted by López Rodo. Forming a common front with the monarchists and the military Iturmendi emerged successful; the climax led to the cabinet reshuffle, sidetracking of Arrese and adoption of a vague Ley de Principios del Movimiento Nacional.

Monarchist

Iturmendi vacillated between a few political monarchist groupings active in the Francoist Spain. According to some scholars the 1953 death of Karl Pius and the apparent collapse of Carloctavismo left him disoriented. In the mid-1950s he reportedly intended “to act as intermediary” between the Carlist claimant Don Javier and Franco and a few Javierista politicians indeed considered him an acceptable partner; some historians claim that Carlist adoption of a new, collaborative strategy towards the regime might have been influenced by Iturmendi. However, others note that Iturmendi remained entirely loyal to the dictator and was even prepared to lead a new Carlist organisation sponsored by the regime and with the sole purpose to distract and fragment the Traditionalists. In the 1950s Iturmendi as the minister of justice a few times met Don Javier and always demanded that the latter tunes down his statements; in 1955 he twice met the claimant and in 1956 he threatened him and the entire Carlist executive with execution or incarceration in case they do not retract what looked like monarchical declarations. Despite these threats Don Javier and the new Carlist political leader Valiente still deemed Iturmendi tractable and their best liaison with Franco; they preferred to comply. As late as in 1957 Valiente thought of Iturmendi when sketching a planned Carlist collaborationist strategy with the intention to promote the Borbón-Parmas.

Many scholars suggest that in the late 1950s Iturmendi was already firmly in the Juanista camp and that his talks with the Javieristas were merely intended to make them accept Don Juan as the Carlist heir. Though he did not sign a so-called Acto de Estoril, a 1957 document in which some 50 Traditionalists declared Count of Barcelona as their dynastical leader, Iturmendi is considered a key person in behind-the-stage maneuvers and one of key Juanistas in the government; some authors claim that at the time Iturmendi already started rather to steer towards the son of Don Juan. Historians speculate that at unspecified time in the late 1950s Iturmendi joined “Operación Salmón”, a long-term informal monarchist campaign to impress upon Franco the idea of crowning Don Juan Carlos. The campaign lasted for some 10 years and during the crucial period of 1962-1964 it was co-ordinated by sort of a general staff, composed of 3 ministerial heavyweights: Manuel Fraga (Information), Camilo Alonso Vega (Interior) and Iturmendi (Justice). At that time much effort was dedicated to thwarting royal ambitions of Don Javier and especially his son Don Carlos Hugo, who gained some genuine popularity. As minister of justice Iturmendi was crucial in countering efforts to obtain Spanish citizenship either for the prince or for his father; he also worked to restrict the Carlohuguista campaign in the media. In return he gained virulent hostility of the Carlos Hugo supporters, who denounced him as traitor to the Carlist cause. They also tried to insult him in public; one such incident during the 1964 Corpus Christi celebrations in Toledo triggered repression against the assailants.

Hierarch

Since 1949 Iturmendi was continuously member in the Cortes by virtue of his seat in the Falangist Consejo Nacional. His parliamentary ticket was renewed in 1952, 1955, 1958, 1961 and 1964; since 1952 he held double eligibility because of his ministerial job. In 1965 he ceased as minister of justice to enable his taking seat of the Cortes speaker. The role was held by Esteban Bilbao until he resigned due to his age; as the most senior collaborative Traditionalist and the disciple of Bilbao Iturmendi inherited the job. The speaker role automatically made him president of Consejo del Reino and Consejo de Regencia, peculiar diarchic structures giving credibility to quasi-monarchic nature of the Francoist Spain. In this triple role Iturmendi enjoyed the most prestigious and distinguished positions available to civilians within the regime, even though there was very little if any political power formally attached to any of them.

It is not entirely clear what was Iturmendi's position in terms of practical politics, except that he remained utterly loyal to Franco. Some scholars counted him among key Juanista or Juancarlista supporters already since the late 1950s. Others note that faced with two overlapping sets of rivalries within the government - technocratic monarchists versus regentialists and immovilistas versus reformists - Iturmendi preferred not to take a firm stand and fluctuated. It is clear that he kept opposing the syndicalist hardliners; during 1967 works on Ley de Representacion Familiar he blocked the Falangists from entering the draft committee and ultimately ensured liberalization of the electoral law. He also remained on ice-cold terms with Carlohuguista supporters; when two of their MPs faced legal action related to so-called Cortes Transhumantes activity Iturmendi refused any assistance. His monarchist efforts were finally crowned in 1969, when Don Juan Carlos was nominated the future king of Spain; Iturmendi played a personal role in the ceremony since it was in front of him as president of the Cortes that the royal hopeful swore fidelity to the Francoist leyes fundamentales.

In late 1969 Iturmendi resigned as president of the Cortes, Consejo del Reino and Consejo de Regencia; he quoted his age and declared withdrawal from active politics. This did not prevent his 8th consecutive appointment to the Cortes in 1971, since not having resigned his seat in the National Council of the Movimiento he still automatically qualified as procurador. His last term lasted unexpectedly long as the parliament was not dissolved until his death; similarly he also retained membership in Consejo Nacional. Already a septuagenarian, he usually remained politically passive. However, in the early 1970s he was noted for joining forces with Traditionalist Carlists in an attempt to build Hermandad de Maestrazgo, an organization supposed to counter the progressive Carlohuguista bid to control Carlism. Following the death of Franco Iturmendi was counted among “40 de Ayete”, direct Franco appointees to the council and to the Cortes still serving; others name him “pata negra franquista”.

Reception and legacy

During the Francoist era Iturmendi was hailed in the media as a great statesman. He was decorated with a number of honors, above all Cross of Isabel la Católica, Order of Carlos III, Order of San Raimundo de Peñafort and Mérito Civil. In 1955 he was declared hijo predilecto by Baracaldo. Among many prestigious bodies he formed part of the first to be mentioned is Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación, which he joined in 1973. His numerous works were published between 1940 and 1973; they are either juridical studies or dissertations on history of Traditionalist thought. His death was acknowledged in nationwide media; most presented him as great jurist and politician. In 1977 Juan Carlos de Borbón conferred upon Iturmendi's widow the title of condesa de Iturmendi. The move was to honor the deceased as “constante defensor de la Institución Monárquica” and turned out to be one of only 6 condados created during his rule; the title is currently held by Iturmendi's grandson, Antonio Iturmendi Mac-Lellan. At least in one street has been named after him.

Over time perception of Iturmendi and his role in history changed dramatically. Though already in the 1950s he was dubbed “a scoundrel” by some orthodox Carlists and declared “a traitor” by Carlohuguista politicians and Carlohuguista historiography in the 1970s, only in the late 20th century in the Spanish public discourse his dominant image became this of a villain, member of the dictatorial authoritarian elite associated with repression. The anti-Francoist backlash of the 21st century changed street names; left-wing deputies demand that his portrait gets removed from the gallery of Cortes speakers and his official biography on the Cortes website was long in the status of “being reworked”. Family relation with Iturmendi was used in campaign against his nephew, José Iturmendi Morales, when he ran for the Universidad Complutense rectorship in 2011. In some partisan works he is dubbed “canalla”. There are authors who deny him the name of a Traditionalist or a Carlist.

In scientific historiographic discourse Iturmendi has not earned a monograph so far, be it a full-blown biography or a minor article. In general works dealing with Francoism he is usually acknowledged as a noticeable, but second-rate figure, a man who held two important jobs but who did not qualify among key policy-makers of the regime. Some scholars suggest that the likes of Rodezno, Bilbao and Iturmendi were instrumental in shaping Francoism as they infused Traditionalist spirit into the corporative organicist concepts of the early regime, some rather underline his role in relation to the Alfonsist restoration and the ultimate crowning of Don Juan Carlos, and some tend to present him as an opportunist who did not let “Carlism get in the way” of his career. Some mention him on the list of Basques on prominent positions within Francoism. At times he is noted as the one who delegalized prostitution in Spain, though some scholars present it as a reactionary rather than a progressive move.

See also
 Carlism
 Traditionalism (Spain)
 Carlo-francoism
 Francoism

Footnotes

Further reading

 Álvaro de Diego González, Algunas de las claves de la transición en el punto de inflexión del franquismo la etapa constituyente de Arrese (1956-1957), [in:] La transición a la democracia en España: actas de las VI Jornadas de Castilla-La Mancha sobre Investigación en Archivos, Guadalajara 2004, Vol. 2,
 Javier Lavardín, Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España, Paris 1976
 Stanley G. Payne, The Franco Regime, London 1987, , 9780299110741
 Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil, [PhD thesis], Valencia 2009
 Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967), Madrid 2016,
 Aurora Villanueva Martínez, Organización, actividad y bases del carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo, [in:] Gerónimo de Uztariz 19 (2003), pp. 97–117

External links
 Iturmendi on Euskomedia service
 Iturmendi on Real Academia de Historia service
 Iturmendi on official Cortes service
 Juan Carlos swearing to Iturmendi (video)
 footage of Iturmendi speaking (1:40 to 2:15)
 portrait as in the Cortes and on Cortes web page

People from Barakaldo
Basque Carlist politicians
Spanish Roman Catholics
Carlists
Justice ministers of Spain
Members of the Cortes Españolas
Politicians from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
20th-century Spanish lawyers
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
University of Deusto
Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Presidents of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)


title: Colin (river)

text:
The Colin is a  long river in the department of Cher in central France. It is a tributary of the Yèvre, its waters eventually reaching the sea through the river Loire.

Geography
The river's source is at Humbligny, where it drains La Motte d'Humbligny, the highest point in the Sancerrois region. It runs through Les Aix-d'Angillon and Sainte-Solange and joins the Yèvre at Saint-Germain-du-Puy.

Communes

Humbligny, Morogues, Aubinges, Les Aix-d'Angillon, Sainte-Solange, Saint-Germain-du-Puy,

References

Rivers of France
Rivers of Centre-Val de Loire
Rivers of Cher (department)


The ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (ICAR-CSWRI) is an Indian Council of Agricultural Research subsidiary commissioned for research, training and extension activities related to sheep and rabbits. The institute is an autonomous body and is sponsored by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. It is situated in Avikanagar, Malpura, in Rajasthan, India. It works in close liaison with the other ICAR institutes, Central Wool Development Board, Sheep and Wool Marketing Federation, Department of Biotechnology (GOI), Small Entrepreneurs, NGOs, State Animal Husbandry and Khadi gram and Cottage industries.

Profile
The Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute was established in 1962 at Malpura, presently known as Avikanagar in Rajasthan, India, with a campus covering an area of 1510 hectares and with the principal objective to enhance the productivity of sheep and rabbit through scientific methods by developing and applying new technologies. The activities of the Institute are spread across three regional centres:

The North Temperate Regional Station (NTRS): NTRS was established in 1963 at Garsa, Kullu in Himachal Pradesh and is engaged in research work on high quality germplasm of Gaddi Synthetic for improvement of sheep for fine wool production.

The Southern Regional Research Centre (SRRC): SRRC was established in 1965 and is located at Mannavanur, app 35 km from Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu. It is engaged in research on fine wool sheep and broiler rabbits.

Arid Region Campus (ARC): ARC was established in 1974 at Bikaner in Rajasthan with a land area of 636 hectares and has rearing facilities for Magra and Marwari sheep.

Mandate
The mandate of the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute is to engage in basic and applied research on sheep and rabbit production, health, utilization, training and transfer of technologies to beneficiaries.

The objectives of the Institute are:
 To undertake basic and applied research on all aspects of sheep and rabbit production.
 To develop, update and standardize meat, fibre and pelt technologies.
 To impart training on sheep and rabbit production and utilization.
 To transfer improved technologies on sheep and rabbit production to farmers, rural artisans and development workers.
 To provide referral and consultancy services on production and product technologies of sheep and rabbits.

Infrastructure
The institute is equipped with research laboratories attending to Animal Genetics, Physiology, Reproduction, Biochemistry, Animal Health, Animal Nutrition and Animal climatic chamber. It has a farm area measuring 1591 hectares, cenchrus pasture land of 175 hectares and forest and ravine land extending to 522 hectares. The other infrastructural facilities include administrative building, library building, residential complex, guest house, auditorium, conference hall, committee room, Human dispensary and Kendriya Vidyalaya project school. An Agriculture Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU) operates at the institute.

The Institute rears about 3500 sheep of different breeds, 600 goat of Sirohi breeds and 600 rabbit breeds.

Departments

CSWRI is departmentalised into six divisions, each attending to a specific set of activities.

Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding
Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding was started in 1966 under the name Sheep Genetic Section with a mandate to conduct research on improvement of indigenous breeds of sheep for wool and meat. It was renamed as Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding in 1975. Animal Genetics and Breeding  Division carried out pioneer work in the field of crossbreeding for improving the production of mutton, carpet wool, apparel wool and pelt.  Various crosses like Avikalin, Bharat Merino, Avimaans, Indian Karakul, Awassi X Malpura and Avivastra were developed at this division. Research was also carried out with indigenous goats (Marwari, Sirohi and Kutchi) to evolve milk and meat producing goats. The biochemical polymorphic studies were undertaken to study the inheritance of various blood constituents and to determine the possible association of these biochemical parameters with economic traits. Cytogenetic studies were initiated in 1982. In 1997, Garole, a prolific microsheep of West Bengal was introduced for increasing prolificacy of Malpura sheep. Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for prolificacy has been practically used in the routine breeding programme. In 2008, Patanwadi inheritance was introduced into prolificacy project to improve the milk yield and mothering ability. Three breed prolific cross was produced in 2009 and strengthening of prolific flock is in progress.  Recently study on understanding the genetic basis of immune response variability in sheep has been initiated.   Stalwarts like Dr. M V Krishna Rao, Dr. O N Singh, Dr. R M Acharya,  Dr. R Nagercenkar,  Dr. A L  Chaudhary, Dr. R N Singh,  Dr. C L Arora, Dr. S D J Bohra,  Dr. B U Khan,  Dr. V K Singh  and  Dr. A L Arora  had  shaped the development  and progress of this division. At present Dr. Arun Kumar is head of the division.

Division of Animal Nutrition
The division had its origin in 1965 under the name, the Sheep Nutrition Section and was upgraded to cover all aspects of animal nutrition including grass land and forage agronomy. The division is mandated to:
 Evaluate various types of feed resources- pasture (grasses, legumes), top feed resources, agro-industrial by-products and non-conventional feeds.
 Determine nutritional requirements for various production functions in sheep and rabbits.
 Develop feeding strategies for sheep, goat and rabbit production.
 Identify and reduce the adverse effect of various anti-nutritional factors in the feed.
 Improve low grade roughages.

Division of Animal Health
The Division of Animal Health was originally with Sheep Husbandry section but was upgraded as an independent division in 1987. The initial mandate of the division was to cover the health related aspects of the flocks under the institute. Later, the division was expanded by obtaining diagnostic laboratories and other equipment.

Division of Physiology and Biochemistry
CSWRI started a Physiology section 1965 for research on ovine physiology and reproduction with special emphasis on environmental physiology and applied reproduction. In 2003, the section was merged with Biochemistry section and the division was formed. Major projects of the division centers around ram semen preservation, artificial insemination and adjudging the physiological adaptability of different strains developed at the institute.

Division of Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry
The division was started in 1962 when the institute was formed and is engaged in basic and applied research on various aspects of wool and other animal fibres. It is mandated to carry out research on:
 Fibre characterization and evaluation
 Grading of wool and scouring
 Woolen spinning
 Worsted spinning
 Weaving
 Chemical and mechanical finishing
 Product development
The division has a wool processing plant at its command since 1968, equipped with a boiler, weaving machinery, worsted spinning machinery and other types of wool and animal fibre processing machineries and produces wool products for sale.

Division of Transfer of Technology and Social Sciences
TTS Division was established in 1972 and is the controlling centre of the institute on matters related to technology transfer. The division is entrusted with the responsibility to:
 Test and transfer the technologies being developed for increasing meat and wool production of sheep and rabbits.
 Survey and evaluate the productivity of sheep and rabbits in field conditions.
 Motivate farmers to increase sheep and rabbit production by adopting improved practices of breeding, feeding, reproduction, disease control, feed resource, wool utilization, marketing, etc.
 Create awareness in the sheep and rabbit farmers about improved animal husbandry practices.

The division is also active in farmer interaction programs such as health camps, sheep/farmer festivals, farmers' meets, forest festivals, observance of veterinary days and field visits.

Sections

In addition to the six divisions, CSWRI has five sections attending to specified responsibilities.

Animal Biotechnology Section
The section, started in 2002, has a mandate to organise research on sheep genomics, reproductive biotechnology, disease resistance and molecular parasitology. It conducts research at the molecular level on various traits to identify genes/markers for application in the development of commercially viable breeds.

Grassland and Forage Agronomy Section
The section is entrusted with the responsibility for research and development in the fields of agronomy and soil culture. It attends to the matters such as pasture development, agroforestry, soil and water conservation and management and improvement of fodder cultivation.

Meat Science and Pelt Technology
The section is primarily engaged in research on meat and meat products. The section has developed many meat and related products and is also involved in pelt related products by effective carcass management.

Fibre Physics Section
Fibre Physics section is a later addition to CSWRI and is primarily engaged in the research and development of high quality wool and animal fibres.

PME Cell
The Priority setting, Monitoring and Evaluation cell is the documentation centre of CSWRI and is responsible for the following activities:
 Coordination and synthesis of the recommendations of QRT RAC, IRC vision documents of Institute and ICAR to recommend research priorities of the institution.
 Annual updation and presentation of the report to the Director of the Institution for assigning research projects.
 Coordination and arranging for annual monitoring of each on-going project and evaluation of completed project through internal and external experts.
 Coordination and arranging for technology validation and/or impact assessment of successful technology claimed by Scientist(s) through internal and external experts.
 Regular sensitization and capacity building of research managers and scientists through training programmes.
 Maintenance of a database on all publications, technologies developed, IPRs, consultancies, projects undertaken and on-going projects.

PC Cell, Network Project on Sheep Improvement (ICAR-NWPSI)

Network Project on Sheep Improvement (NWPSI) was initiated on to undertake survey, evaluation and improvement of indigenous sheep breeds under native environment. Different breeds of sheep are being improved through selection and inter-se mating for wool and mutton production. The mandate of NWPSI is genetic evaluation and improvement of indigenous sheep by selection. Presently, there are six ongoing centres of NWPSI including four farm based units and two field based units located at difference parts of the country.
Coordination Cell:  Project Coordinator Cell, NWPSI, ICAR-CSWRI, Avikanagar

Cooperating Units:

A.  Farm based Cooperating units

1.ARC (CSWRI), Bikaner - Marwari sheep for Carpet Wool

2.CIRG, Makhdoom - Muzaffarnagri sheep for Dual purpose

3.MPKV, Rahuri - Deccani sheep for Dual purpose

4.SVVU, Palamner - Nellore sheep for Mutton

B.  Field based Cooperating units

1.TANUVAS, Kattupakkam - Madras Red sheep for Mutton

2.ARC (CSWRI), Bikaner- Magra Sheep for Carpet wool

The objectives of NWPSI is Genetic improvement of indigenous sheep breeds by selection. The technical programme aims at improvement of indigenous sheep breeds under farm conditions wherein the male lambs are first ranked using selection index. Index incorporates body weight and wool yield at six months of age. Each field-based unit has four centres including a ram-rearing centre, covering a sheep population of about 1500 sheep per centre. The superior male lambs are selected from the farmers’ flocks on the basis of GFY1 and 6-month body weigh in Magra sheep and on six-month body weight basis in Madras Red sheep. Male lambs are initially identified at 3 month of age and are finally selected after first shearing. Selected male lambs from improver flocks are supplied for breeding to base flocks.

Breeding rams of high breeding value are produced from farm based unit every year for germplasm distribution. During the XI plan period about 900 improved breeding rams/ram lambs from five Farm Based Units were sold to different farmers/ State Govt/ NGOs for breed improvement programme and about 700 breeding rams / ram lambs were distributed in three Field Based Units for improvement of farmers flock. The Sheep Improvement Programmes will continue and efforts will be made to bring overall improvement in sheep productivity through distribution of superior germplasm and adoption of improved scientific management practices.

Technological developments

CSWRI is credited with scientific animal husbandry efforts in the development of new strains of sheep for wool production such as Avikalin sheep for carpet wool production and Bharat Merino sheep for fine wool production in temperate climate. The institute has also done research work with results in developing scientific breeding techniques of Malpura, Marwari, Magra and Chokla sheep. It has also been successful in crossbreeding of Malpura, Garole and Patanwadi breeds of sheep.

The institute has also developed:
 Development of elite sheep flocks such as Malpura (750), Chokla (550), Avikalin (350), Patanwadi (350), Patanwadi crosses (200), Garole (40) for genetic improvement and other technology development.
 Development of improved germplasm of Malpura sheep breed for meat.
 Development of Chokla sheep breed for carpet wool breed.
 Development of prolific Garole sheep breed.
 Artificial insemination (AI) in sheep with liquid semen.
 Indigenous intra-vaginal sponges for oestrus induction and synchronization.
 Intensive lamb rearing techniques for maximizing mutton production.
 Area-specific mineral mixture.
 Development of complete feed blocks.
 Development of planned flock health calendar for sheep flocks in semi-arid Rajasthan.
 Modified worm management technology.
 Targeted selective treatment (TST) approach for management of haemonchosis in sheep.
 Development of FROGIN: Software for forecasting gastrointestinal nematodiasis in sheep of Rajasthan.
 Development of an ELISA for diagnosis of paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease).
 Development of carpet from indigenous wool and its blends.
 Development of high productivity, low cost and profitable carpet manufacturing techniques.
 Development of dying technology using natural dyes for wool and specialty fibres.
 Value added meat products developed from mutton.

Institute Technology Management Unit (ITMU)
Institute Technology Management Unit is the controlling body of CSWRI with regard to intellectual property rights and technology transfer and operates as per guidelines issued by the ICAR. The unit was established in 2008 and is jointly funded by ICAR and National Agricultural Innovation Projects (NAIP).

Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit
The Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU) is the information and knowledge management hub of CSWRI and the unit is mandated to:
 Enhance accessibility of research information.
 Build the capacity to organize, store, retrieve and use the relevant information into the agricultural research infrastructure.
 Provide electronic options to plan, execute, monitor and evaluate research programs.

CSWRI, recognised by the Government of India as a central research institute, is equipped with National Knowledge Network (NKN) connectivity @ one gigabit bandwidth, Internet connectivity to all Divisions & Sections through Broadband, Wired Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Local Area Network and a secure Fortigate gateway system. It also maintains a library which stocks 10430 books, 11475 back volumes, 1117 office rules and regulations and 111 master and doctoral theses and subscribes 30 foreign journals, 81 Indian journals and 22 free/gratis journals. it also maintains a CD and database collection.

Patents
CSWRI holds patent rights several technological developments in the fields of cattle rearing and related areas.
 Indigenous progesterone impregnated vaginal sponges for estrus synchronization in sheep
 Method to deliver nematophagous fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans to sheep for biological control of Haemonchus contortus.
 Area specific mineral-mixture pellets for augmenting reproduction and production in sheep.
 Production of fermented probiotic feed, production protocol, fermentation conditions, drying, storage and similar uses.
 Fermentation vessel for conducting gas production studies (in vitro): fabrication, protocol and uses.
 Low cost, indigenous cradle for safe restraining of sheep for pregnancy diagnosis.
 Low cost, indigenous vaginal sponges for estrus control in buffaloes.

References

External links
 Virtual tour

Further reading

 Annual Report 2013–2014, CSWRI
 Vision 2050 of CSWRI

Animal husbandry in India
Agricultural research institutes in India
Agricultural organisations based in India
Agricultural universities and colleges in Rajasthan
Wool organizations
Veterinary research institutes
Research institutes in Rajasthan
Tonk district
Research institutes established in 1962
1962 establishments in Rajasthan
Animal husbandry in Rajasthan
Sheep farming
Veterinary medicine in India