title: Gunsmoke (season 2)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 2 aired in the United States on September 8, 1956, and the final episode aired on June 29, 1957.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 2 of Gunsmoke was a half-hour program filmed in black-and-white, as one hour episodes were not introduced until season 7, and color episodes were not filmed until season 12.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with three other citizens of Dodge City: Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and Chester Goode (Dennis Weaver), Dillon's assistant.

Cast and characters

Main

 James Arness as Matt Dillon
 Dennis Weaver as Chester
 Milburn Stone as Doc
 Amanda Blake as Kitty

Production
Season 2 was produced by Charles Marquis Warren (episodes 40–49, 51–52, 57) and Norman Macdonnell (episodes 50, 53–56, 58–78).

The first episode of season 2 was directed by Andrew V. McLaglen, who directed 96 episodes during the series run, more than any other director.

Writing
Storylines would occasionally be taken from real-life events.  Episode 4 of the season, "The Round Up" reflects an actual event that happened when Wild Bill Hickok accidentally shot his deputy Mike Williams.

Occasionally, the episode titles reflected verses or passages from the Bible.  The title of episode 10, "Greater Love" is a reference to John 15:13 and is delivered by Doc in the final scene, "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends." The title of episode 34, "Who Lives by the Sword" is a proverb derived from Matthew 26:52, "Then said Jesus unto him, 'Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword.'"  Some titles were plays on words, such as episode 37, "The Man Who Would Be Marshal", which is a play on words of the short story The Man Who Would Be King by Rudyard Kipling but is not based on it.

Production design
Sometimes, set pieces were reused.  For example, the hotel in episode 2, "Brush at Elkader", is the Dodge House. The reception desk is repositioned, but the staircase leading to the upstairs rooms has the same unusual Swiss chalet-style wooden balusters that are found in the Dodge House.

Music
The melody playing at the end of the episode is the Irish air Garryowen, it was the marching tune for General George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry Regiment.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season two aired Saturdays at 10:00-10:30 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The second season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in two volumes. The first 20 episodes were released on January 8, 2008, and the remaining 19 episodes were released on May 27, 2008.

Reception
After failing to finish in the Nielsen ratings top 30 in its first season, Gunsmoke finished season 2 at number 8, the highest rated Western for the season.

Awards and nominations

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 2}}
 Gunsmoke season 2 at TV Guide''

Gunsmoke seasons


title: William P. Hogarty

text:
William Patrick Hogarty (February 16, 1840 - October 23, 1914) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Hogarty received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Hogarty's medal was won for his actions during two battles, in the Battle of Antietam, Maryland on September 17, 1862, and the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia on December 13, 1862. He was honored with the award on June 22, 1891.

Hogarty born in New York City, and joined the 23rd New York Infantry from Elmira, New York in May 1861. He was discharged in January 1863, but was commissioned as a second lieutenant with the Veteran Reserve Corps two years later. Despite his disability, he continued serving in the Army until retiring in December 1870.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

References

1840 births
1914 deaths
American amputees
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Military personnel from New York City
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients


title: The Toy Shoppe

text:
The Toy Shoppe is a 1934 short animated film produced by Walter Lantz Productions and is one of the many with the character Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. While the film was originally released in black and white, a colorized version was released in 1984.

Plot
Oswald works as a toy maker in his shop where children buy his wares or just look at him through the shop's window creating them. A mischievous rat pops out of a hole in a wall, and is startled when he comes upon a toy leopard he thinks is real. The leopard is attacked until sand pours from its wounds onto Oswald who is working under the injured toy. Oswald shoos away the rat by throwing a doll head at the rat.

Later that night, Oswald turns out the lights, closes his shop, and heads to bed above the shop. Alone, two dolls resembling a Dutch boy and a Dutch girl come to life, turn on the lights and start to play music from a turnstile. Other toys start to parade and play. When the Dutch boy and a Dutch girl doll dance near a large box, a jester promptly captures and takes her onto higher shelves. A co-co bird from a nearby clock starts bothering the jester. The jester puts down the girl doll in an attempt to assault the co-co bird but a large flock springs out of the clock and pushes the jester off his perch. The boy doll manages to lure the jester into a vice. The jester strikes at what looks like a doll's head but is actually one knob end of the vice; he is crushed.

After tossing the jester to the floor, the toys celebrate loudly. Oswald is wakened and goes to the workshop and finds all is as he had left it except for the broken jester on the floor. He believes the damage was the work of the rat and ponders how to get rid of the rodent. Later, the Dutch boy and Dutch girl went back to the chest.

Colorization
Universal was given a chance to have some of their black and white cartoons colorized. The film The Toy Shoppe was used for the testing. For undisclosed reasons, Universal turned down the colorization offer, making the colorized version of the short extremely hard to find.

References

External links
 The Toy Shoppe at the Big Cartoon Database

1934 films
1934 animated films
1930s American animated films
1930s animated short films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Walter Lantz
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons
Universal Pictures short films
Films about toys
Walter Lantz Productions shorts
Universal Pictures animated short films
Animated films about rabbits and hares


title: Cyril Pahinui

text:
Cyril Pahinui (April 21, 1950 – November 17, 2018) was a slack-key guitarist and singer of Hawaiian music.

Biography
He was born in Waimānalo at the foot of the Ko'olau mountains on the Hawai'ian island of Oahu. He was the son of the Hawaiian guitarist (and Hawaiian Music Hall of Fame inductee) Gabby Pahinui. He has contributed to more than 35 Hawaiian musical releases and three Grammy Award-winning compilations of Hawaiian music. His 1994 album 6 & 12 String Slack Key won the Nā Hōkū Hanohano award for Instrumental Album of the Year and contains "No Ke Ano Ahiahi", perhaps the greatest 12-string kī hō'alu (slack key) and vocal recording ever made.  His 2007 album He'eia won the Nā Hōkū Hanohano award for Island Music Album of the Year.

In 2013, Pahinui received a fellowship from the Native Arts & Culture Foundation to produce Let's Play Music! Slack Key with Cyril Pahinui & Friends, a program of traditional Hawaiian music developed for PBS Hawaii. In 2014, he received a Nā Hōkū Hanohano Lifetime Achievement Award for perpetuating the craft of slack key music through performance and teaching. In 2017, he was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.

Early career
Pahinui began to play the ukulele at the age of 7 and learned how to play guitar from watching his father play with other Hawaiian musicians such as Leland Isaacs Sr. and Sonny Chillingworth. He joined his father's band in the early 1970s, and performed on his father's early recordings for Warner Bros. Records. Cyril and his older brother Bla started a rock band, after which, Cyril Pahinui joined Sam and the Samlins, and continued to sit in with his father at shows. In 1968, Pahinui made his first record with The Sunday Manoa, a loose association of like-minded young people intent on helping perpetuate the classic Hawaiian sound. At the age of 19, his musical career was interrupted when he was drafted to Vietnam, where he served as a sergeant and section chief in the 101st Airborne Division Artillery for two years.
In 1975, Pahinui formed The Sandwich Isle Band, one of the first young bands to feature steel guitar and revive the jazz-inflected songs of the 1920s and 1930s. In 1979 he joined the Peter Moon Band, which also included his brother Martin. Throughout the 1980s, he continued to expand his musical horizons, especially in the C major tuning he inherited from Atta Isaacs.

Death
Pahinui had been hospitalized since February 2016 for pneumonia and a collapsed lung. He died on November 17, 2018, at The Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu at the age of 68. He was survived by his wife Chelle, two daughters, two brothers, two sisters, and 19 grandchildren.

References

External links

1950 births
2018 deaths
People from Honolulu County, Hawaii
Guitarists from Hawaii
Slack-key guitarists
Na Hoku Hanohano Award winners
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
American male guitarists
National Heritage Fellowship winners
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians


title: 2006 Virginia ballot measures

text:
The 2006 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 7, 2006, the same day as the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate elections in the state.  The only statewide elections on the ballot were three constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution.  Because Virginia state elections are held on off-years, no statewide officers or state legislative elections were held.  All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.

Question 1

The most controversial amendment on the ballot was the Marshall-Newman Amendment (named after the amendment's co-sponsors), which was also known as the "Virginia Marriage Amendment". This amendment defines civil marriage as solely between one man and one woman and bans state recognition of any other legal relationship status, such as a domestic partnership or a civil union. Voters were asked the following question:

"Shall Article I (the Bill of Rights) of the Constitution of Virginia be amended to state: "That only a union between one man and one woman may be a marriage valid in or recognized by this Commonwealth and its political subdivisions. This Commonwealth and its political subdivisions shall not create or recognize a legal status for relationships of unmarried individuals that intends to approximate the design, qualities, significance, or effects of marriage. Nor shall this Commonwealth or its political subdivisions create or recognize another union, partnership, or other legal status to which is assigned the rights, benefits, obligations, qualities, or effects of marriage.?"

Although the amendment was approved by 57.1% of the voters, it was later struck down for being unconstitutional by U.S. District Judge Arenda L. Wright Allen on February 13, 2014 in the case Bostic v. Schaefer.  Her ruling was appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which upheld her decision on July 28, 2014. The Supreme Court denied a writ of certiorari on October 6, 2014, which legalized same-sex marriage in Virginia.

Question 2

The amendment asked voters to delete an obsolete provision that prohibited the incorporation of churches which was ruled unconstitutional by the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia in the case Falwell v. Miller in 2002.  The amendment passed after being narrowly rejected in 1996.

Question 3

The Local Tax Exemption Amendment gives local communities that ability to allow partial exemptions from property taxes under certain circumstances. Voters were asked the following question:

"Shall Section 6 of Article X of the Constitution of Virginia be amended to authorize legislation to permit localities to provide a partial exemption from real property taxes for real estate with new structures and improvements in conservation, redevelopment, or rehabilitation areas?"

References

2006 Virginia elections


title: Bear's grease

text:
Bear's grease was a popular treatment for men with hair loss from at least as early as 1653 until about the First World War. The myth of its effectiveness is based on a belief that as bears are very hairy, their fat would assist hair growth in others. Nicholas Culpeper, the English botanist and herbalist wrote in 1653, in his The Physician's Library, "Bears Grease staies [stops] the falling off of the hair." Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179), Benedictine mystic, composer and woman of letters, also recommended the use of the substance in her Physica (repeated in her Causae et Curae). A number of cosmetics companies sold bear's grease, and it was a trademark of Atkinsons of London, who sold "Bears Grease Pomade". In the early 1880s in Arkansas, an ell of bear grease, formed from the hide from the head and neck of a deer, was a standard medium of exchange.

Preparation
Bear's grease was made from the fat of the brown bear mixed with beef marrow and a perfume to disguise the smell. Before the start of the twentieth century, manufacturers were substituting pig, veal, suet, lard and beef marrow fat for bear's fat as the demand exceeded the available supply of genuine bear's fat. To these substitutes they added lavender, thyme, rose essence, or oil of bitter almonds for perfume. A green dye was added for the sake of appearances.

It was speculated that 99% of "bear grease" in 1850s England actually contained pig fat, and that unscrupulous manufacturers would keep a bear skin which they would occasionally attach to a dead pig carcass. The purpose of this carcass was just for display to convince their customers that they sold genuine bear grease.

Europe
The general public believed that grease from Russian bears was the best available. In the 1823 cartoon by George Cruikshank on the right, reference is made to "heels well rub'd with bears grease" (by which Russian support is meant). The French King Louis XVIII is unable to put on Napoleon II's boots, and Napoleon's son stands ready to catch the Bourbon crown should it fall.

Professor John Strachan in his book, Advertising and Satirical Culture in the Romantic Period notes that Atkinsons of London were best known for their bear's grease product, which remained in production until after the First World War. Atkinsons' logo was a chained bear, and this was heavily featured in their advertising. The claim that bear's grease could facilitate the regrowth of hair for bald men, was made by Atkinsons and others.

Among the members of the Ursari community, a group of nomadic Romani bear trainers, who manufactured objects of bone, it became widespread to treat the material with bear fat, a luxury good which, they believed, helped make the products in question more durable. The fat was also being sold to Romanians as medicine to combat rheumatism and skeletal disorders, together with bear hairs that were a popular amulet.

Native American use
The use of bear's grease among the Native Americans on their hair to make it shinier was widespread. Other popular substances included deer marrow and raccoon fat. In the Northeast tribes of the Sauk, Huron, and Delaware, the daily use of bear grease on their hair was popular among both men and women. Men in the Dakota Sioux and Crow tribes also regularly used bear's grease. Benjamin West, who was one of the early American fine artists, said he was first taught how to make paint as a child by a Native American friend who showed him how paint could be made by mixing clay with bear grease.

References

Animal fats
Cosmetics
Bears
Human hair
Traditional medicine


title: 2ª Divisão de Macau

text:
Campeonato da 2ª Divisão do Futebol, is the second division of the Macau Football Association, created in 2005. As with the Hong Kong First Division League, it is separate from the mainland Chinese football league system, including the Chinese Super League and leagues above and below it. The winners are promoted to the Liga de Elite and the last place team is relegated to Campeonato da 3ª Divisão do Futebol.

2017 Teams
Below are the following 10 teams that will be competing in the 2017 2ª Divisão de Macau
Chong Wa
Casa de Portugal
Ieong Heng
Tim Iec
Alfândega
Hang Sai
Consulado (CDF Benfica)
Hong Lok
TKKL
Chuac Lun

Previous Winners

2005: Hoi Fan
2006: League Inactive
2007: Cycle de Macau
2008: Windsor Arch Ka I
2009: FC Porto de Macau
2010: Hong Ngai

2011: Kuan Tai
2012: Chao Pak Kei
2013: Sporting Clube de Macau
2014: Casa de Portugal em Macau
2015: Lo Leong
2016: MFA Development
2017: Hang Sai
2018: Tim Iec

References

2
Macau
2005 establishments in Macau
Sports leagues established in 2005


title: Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Saint Kitts and Nevis competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Saint Kitts and Nevis qualified two athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Girls
Field events

Table Tennis

Saint Kitts and Nevis was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Singles

Team

Qualification Legend: Q=Main Bracket (medal); qB=Consolation Bracket (non-medal)

References

2014 in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
2014


title: Washington Street Historic District (Camden, Arkansas)

text:
The Washington Street Historic District of Camden, Arkansas, encompasses an area that has been a fashionable residential area for much of the city's history.  It includes six blocks of Washington Street, three of Graham Street (which runs parallel to Washington), and three connecting streets.  The oldest houses in this area are pre-Civil War Greek Revival houses, built in the 1840s and 1850s when Camden was at its height as a major regional center of the cotton trade.  Another round of development took place late in the 19th century after the railroad arrived, resulting in a number of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Classical Revival houses.  The last major building spurt took place during southern Arkansas' oil boom in the 1920s and 1930s, when Mission/Spanish Revival, Mediterranean, and English Revival houses were built.   The district included 68 contributing properties when it was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.  Six structures were previously listed separately on the National Register.  The district was enlarged in 2018.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ouachita County, Arkansas

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Queen Anne architecture in Arkansas
Geography of Ouachita County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Ouachita County, Arkansas
Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements architecture


title: Guyana at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Guyana competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Athletics

Guyana qualified one athlete.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Swimming

Guyana qualified two swimmers.

Boys

Girls

Table Tennis

Guyana was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Singles

Team

Qualification Legend: Q=Main Bracket (medal); qB=Consolation Bracket (non-medal)

References

2014 in Guyanese sport
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Guyana at the Youth Olympics


title: Djibouti at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

text:
Djibouti competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, in Nanjing, China from 16 August to 28 August 2014.

Medalists

Athletics

Djibouti qualified three athletes.

Qualification Legend: Q=Final A (medal); qB=Final B (non-medal); qC=Final C (non-medal); qD=Final D (non-medal); qE=Final E (non-medal)

Boys
Track & road events

Girls
Track & road events

Swimming

Djibouti qualified one swimmer.

Boys

Table Tennis

Djibouti was given a quota to compete by the tripartite committee.

Singles

Team

Qualification Legend: Q=Main Bracket (medal); qB=Consolation Bracket (non-medal)

References

You
Nations at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Djibouti at the Youth Olympics


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' singles

text:
Gianluigi Quinzi was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to compete in junior tennis, and thus could not defend his title.

Noah Rubin defeated Stefan Kozlov in the final, 6–4, 4–6, 6–3 to win the boys' singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Seeds

  Andrey Rublev (third round)
  Chung Hyeon (quarterfinals)
  Orlando Luz (first round)
  Jaume Munar (second round)
  Quentin Halys (first round)
  Stefan Kozlov (final)
  Frances Tiafoe (third round)
  Johan Tatlot (semifinals)
  Naoki Nakagawa (third round)
  Lee Duck-hee (first round)
  Michael Mmoh (third round)
  Kamil Majchrzak (second round)
  Matías Zukas (second round)
  Marcelo Zormann (second round)
  Jumpei Yamasaki (first round)
  Daniil Medvedev (first round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

External links

Boys' Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Boys' singles


title: Mason McDonald

text:
Mason McDonald (born April 23, 1996) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played under contract to the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL. He was selected by the Calgary Flames, 34th overall, in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

Playing career
Previously, he was selected 20th overall in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League Entry Draft for 2012 to play for Acadie–Bathurst Titan. In the midst of his second season with the Titans in 2013–14, McDonald was traded to the Charlottetown Islanders on December 28, 2013.

After his first two seasons in the QMJHL, McDonald was the first goalie drafted, in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, 34th overall by the Calgary Flames.
On July 2, 2015, McDonald was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Calgary Flames.

At the conclusion of his entry-level contract with the Flames, having been unable to make progression within the organization, McDonald was released as a free agent after he was not tendered a qualifying offer on June 25, 2019. Unable to secure another NHL contract, McDonald agreed to a one-year AHL deal with the Colorado Eagles, affiliate to the Colorado Avalanche on July 25, 2019. He did not feature during his contract with the Eagles, assigned exclusively to play in the ECHL with affiliate, the Utah Grizzlies.

International play
McDonald was one of three goaltenders who represented Canada at the 2016 World Junior Hockey Championships.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Acadie–Bathurst Titan players
Adirondack Thunder players
Calgary Flames draft picks
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Charlottetown Islanders players
Kansas City Mavericks players
Ice hockey people from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Stockton Heat players
Tulsa Oilers (1992–present) players
Utah Grizzlies (ECHL) players


title: Battle of Vrpile

text:
The Battle of Vrpile or Battle of Vrpile Gulch (), also known as the First Battle of Krbava Polje (), was fought between the Kingdom of Croatia and the Ottoman Empire in early September 1491 at the Vrpile pass in central Croatia, near Korenica in Krbava. The Croatian army, led by Ban Ladislav of Egervár and Knez (Prince) Bernardin Frankopan, defeated the Ottomans who were on their way back from a raid into Carniola, to the Sanjak of Bosnia, carrying booty and Christian captives to be sold into slavery.

Background
With the death of King Matthias Corvinus in 1490 the 7-year truce with Sultan Bayezid II ended and the Ottomans renewed their raids into Croatia and southwestern Hungary. Since the 14th century the Ottomans regularly plundered Croatian and other lands further west. Their light cavalry troops undertook plundering raids, capturing its inhabitants and taking them into slavery. One such raid started in 1491 when Mihaloğlu Hasan Bey from the Sanjak of Bosnia crossed the Una River and led an army consisting of around 10,000 light cavalrymen, known as the Akıncı, across Croatia into lower Carniola. They ravaged the countryside near Zagreb, Krško, and Novo Mesto, after which they spent almost a month in Carniola, plundering and taking captives. They intended to reach deep into the lands of the Holy Roman Empire, but their return they were stopped by the floods of the Kupa and Krka rivers.

Battle of Kupa source
According to anonymous turkish chronicler, the akinjis were spotted by the locals who then alerted (what is probably) Benardin Frankopan. He then mobilized peasants from the surrounding villages and blocked all exits from the mountain where akinjis were hiding, while placing main part of his army on a main road towards them. After realising that they were surrounded, the Ottomans decided "to strike at the infidels", but they were poured upon with the rain of arrows and a gunfire, which caused them many casualties. The akinjis who managed to survive the Battle of Kupa source had to withdraw back to Bosnia across the territory of Croatia.

Ambush at Vrpile
The Ottoman army was returning towards the Sanjak of Bosnia on their traditional route, Vrhovine – Homoljac – Korenica – Vrpile – Krbava field, taking with them a huge number of prisoners. Since the Ottomans had to go through the narrow Vrpile pass, the Croatian leadership decided to set an ambush there. The Croatian army was led by ban of Croatia Ladislav of Egervár, Count Bernardin Frankopan, and Mihovil Frankopan Slunjski. Ivan Frankopan Cetinski also participated in the battle. At the same time, Bernardin Frankopan who earlier fought a battle against them on Kupa source, organized a pursuit so the Ottomans reached Vrpile exhausted.

The Croatians let most of the Ottoman army enter the valley and then closed the passageway, deploying the main part of the army in 4 banderia. The Ottomans were heavily defeated and had around 1,500 killed and 1,500 imprisoned in the battle, while their captives were released, while only Hasan Bay with two or three of his men managed to escape. Later historical records mentioned that 18,000 Christian captives were saved.

Aftermath
King Vladislaus II granted Ban Ladislav the town of Steničnjak in Kordun as a reward for the victory and the 120 Ottoman captives sent to the king. This defeat forced the Ottomans to halt their raids and attacks during the following year, 1492. The Ottomans started their campaigns again in 1493 with the election of Hadım Yakup Paşa as the sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia. This defeat was the cause of the 1493 raid into Croatia, resulting in the Battle of Krbava Field on 9 September 1493.

References

Sources

Vrpile 1491
Vrpile 1491
1491 in Europe
Vrpile 1491
Vrpile Gulch
Conflicts in 1491
History of Lika


title: Fort Antoine Theatre

text:
The Fort Antoine Theatre is a small amphitheatre on the Avenue de la Quarantaine in the Monaco-Ville ward of Monaco. The fort hosts open air plays in the summer months.

The theatre was originally constructed as a fortress in the early 18th-century before its destruction in 1944. Prince Rainier III had the fortress rebuilt as a theatre in 1953. The parapet of the fort is provided by pittosporum hedges. The militaristic nature of its architecture has been retained with a bartizan and a pyramid of cannonballs at the centre of the theatre.

References

External links

18th-century fortifications
Theatres completed in 1853
1953 establishments in Monaco
Amphitheaters
Coastal fortifications
Fortifications in Monaco
Theatres in Monaco
Monaco-Ville


title: Rudolph Cohen

text:
Rudolph Alexander Cohen (born 4 August 1942, Kingston, Jamaica) is a former Jamaican cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1963 to 1967. He toured England in 1966 with the West Indian team but did not play Test cricket. He became a lawyer.

Life and career
A right-arm fast bowler, Cohen made his first-class debut for Jamaica in 1963–64. In that season and the next two he played 15 matches and took 27 wickets.

He played club cricket in England in 1965, taking 33 wickets at an average of 13.84 for Smethwick in the Birmingham and District League, and 17 wickets at 18.64 for Warwickshire Second XI. In 1965–66, when Jamaica finished at the bottom of the Shell Shield table without a win, he took 10 wickets at 41.90.

Cohen was not in the original selected team to tour England in 1966, but when Lester King had to withdraw, Cohen was selected to replace him. He was the youngest player in the team. The established pace trio of Wes Hall, Charlie Griffith and Gary Sobers played all five Tests, and Cohen played in 18 of the 22 other first-class matches, taking 40 wickets at 24.22, with his career-best innings figures of 6 for 71 against Sussex.

King returned to the team when the West Indians toured India in 1966-67. Cohen led the Jamaican bowling in the Shell Shield later that season, with 15 wickets at 31.86, but played no further first-class cricket thereafter.

Cohen studied at the University of the West Indies, where he gained a Bachelor of Science degree in 1970. He went to the US, where he gained a master's degree in Public Administration at the University of Hartford in Connecticut and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Connecticut. He then practised law in Connecticut.

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
Jamaican cricketers
Jamaica cricketers
Cricketers from Kingston, Jamaica
University of the West Indies alumni
University of Hartford alumni
University of Connecticut School of Law alumni


title: True Path Party (2007)

text:
The True Path Party (), abbreviated to DYP, is a centre-right, conservative Turkish political party, established by the lawyer Çetin Özaçıkgöz in 2007. It got 0.15% of the votes in the general elections of 2011.

It is not to be confused with the True Path Party founded in 1983 by Ahmet Nusret Tuna, which was renamed to Democratic Party in 2007.

See also
Politics of Turkey
List of political parties in Turkey
Democratic Party (Turkey, current)

References

External links
True Path Party official website

1983 establishments in Turkey
Liberal conservative parties in Turkey
Political parties established in 1983
Political parties in Turkey


title: Adamsville, Kansas

text:
Adamsville is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 4 miles north of Geuda Springs at 0.5 mile west of the intersection of S Oxford Rd and E 80th St, next to an abandoned railroad.

History
A post office was opened in Adamsville in 1925, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1931.

A railroad previously passed through the community, north to south, from Oxford to Geuda Springs.

Education
The community is served by Oxford USD 358 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Octopus (Belgian band)

text:
Octopus were a British-Flemish band active 1973 to 1980. Formed in Diest in late 1972, the original members were Robert Vlaeyen, Steve Davies, Jean-Pierre Onraedt and Nic Roland.  Robert Vlaeyen came from the group The Bats where Robert's brother, the television producer René Vlaeyen also played, but became Octopus's manager. After a time, Nic Roland left due to session work schedules, and was replaced by a friend of Steve's from England, Phil Francis, a bass player and singer. Jean-Pierre was an in-demand session drummer and had to leave the band shortly afterwards and was replaced by another former 'Bats' member,  Gerard Opdebeeck. The band worked as a 4-piece, but really wanted a fifth voice and a keyboardist. They auditioned quite a few and chose Paul Michiels, who later became popular for his work with the Belgian music group Soulsister.

After two large hits, "I'm So in Love with You" (an English language remake of Paul Severs "Ik ben Verliefd op jou") and "My Special Angel", the band worked regularly in Europe, and toured with other bands such as Mud and the Rubettes.

Steve left the band in 1976, and returned to the UK, where he became a successful cabaret singer known as Steve Grey, and then on to the US, where he played in a number of bands and did extensive session work, but is now a solo act, but travels a lot, notably gigs in The Bahamas, Germany and as far as Vietnam, where he presently lives.  He can be found on video as 'Steve Davies-man of 100 Songs'  Phil Francis left Belgium in the early 1980s and now has a travel business in Toronto, Canada. When not working on his business, he is an active member of the Toronto-based New Choir. Interesting, the members have all remained good friends over the years.

Discography
 "I'm So in Love with You" (1974) (NL#16)
 "My Special Angel" (1975) (NL#18)
 "Summerland" (1976) (NL#21)
 "South of the Border" (1978) (NL#14)

References

British rock music groups
Belgian rock music groups


title: For Latvia and Ventspils

text:
For Latvia and Ventspils (, LuV) is a regionalist political party in Latvia that mainly operates as a localist party in Ventspils. It is mostly known for its chairman, Aivars Lembergs, who has been mayor of Ventspils between 1988 until his arrest in 2021. In 2006, the party signed an agreement with the Union of Greens and Farmers to allow members of For Latvia and Ventspils to be elected to the Saeima, including the former speaker of the parliament Gundars Daudze, and current members Dana Reizniece-Ozola and Jānis Vucāns. Since then, Lembergs has been named as a candidate for the position of the prime minister many times.

Electoral results

Ventspils local elections

Legislative elections

References

External links
Official website

1994 establishments in Latvia
Political parties established in 1994
Political parties in Latvia


title: Haplogroup K2b (Y-DNA)

text:
Haplogroup K2b (P331), also known as MPS is a human y-chromosome haplogroup that is thought to be less than 3,000 years younger than K, and less than 10,000 years younger than F, meaning it probably is around 50,000 years old, according to the age estimates of Tatiana Karafet et al. 2014.

Basal K2b* has not been identified in living males.

K2b1 (P397/P399) known previously as Haplogroup MS, and Haplogroup P (P-P295), also known as K2b2 are the only primary clades of K2b. The population geneticist Tatiana Karafet and other researchers (2014) point out that K2b1, its subclades and P* are virtually restricted geographically to South East Asia and Oceania. Whereas, in a striking contrast, P1 (P-M45) and its primary subclades Q and R now make up "the most frequent haplogroup in Europe, the Americas, and Central Asia and South Asia". According to Karafet et al., the estimated dates for the branching of K, K2, K2b and P point to a "rapid diversification" within K2 "that likely occurred in Southeast Asia", with subsequent "westward expansions" of P*, P1, Q and R.

According to a study by geneticist Spencer Wells, haplogroup K, from which haplogroup P descend, originated in the Middle East or Central Asia. It is likely that haplogroup P diverged somewhere in South-Central Asia into P1, which expanded into Siberia and Northern Eurasia, and into P2, which expanded into Oceania and Southeast Asia.

Phylogenetic structure

 K2b (P331), also known as MPS.
 K2b1 (P397, P399), similar to the previous Haplogroup MS.
 Haplogroup S (B254) also known as K2b1a.
 Haplogroup M (P256) also known as K2b1b.
 Haplogroup P (P295/PF5866/S8) –  also known as K2b2.
 P1 (M45) – also known as K2b2a; other subclades in this same lineage include the major haplogroups Q and R. Distribution
Modern populations with living members of K2b1 all subclades), P* (P-P295*; K2b2*) and P2 (K2b2b) appear to be restricted to Oceania, South East Asia and Siberia.

Basal, un-mutated P1* (K2b2a*; P-M45*), in modern times, is distributed in isolated pockets, over an relatively wide area that includes Island South East Asia.

Some Negrito populations of South-East Asia carry next to noteworthy East Asian ancestry, very high levels of K2b at the subclade level. It is carried, for instance, by more than 83% of males among the Aeta (or Agta) people of the Philippines, in the form of K2b1 (60%), P* (P-P295*, a.k.a. K2b2*) and P2 (P-B253; K2b2b).

 K2b1
K2b1 is found in 83% of males of Papua New Guinea, and up to 60% in the Aeta people of the Philippines. It is also found among other Melanesian populations, as well as indigenous Australians, and at lower levels amongst Polynesians. It is also found in the Melanesian populations of Indonesia.

Major studies of indigenous Australian Y-DNA, published in 2014 and 2015, suggest that about 29% of indigenous Australian males belong to subclades of K2b1. That is, up to 27% indigenous Australian males carry haplogroup S1a1a1 (S-P308; previously known as K2b1a1 or K-P308), and one study found that approximately 2.0% – i.e. 0.9% (11 individuals) of the sample in a study in which 45% of the total was deemed to be non-indigenous – belonged to haplogroup  M1 (M-M4; also known as M-M186 and known previously as haplogroup K2b1d1).  All of these males carrying M1 were Torres Strait Islanders. (The other Y-DNA haplogroups found were: basal K2* [K-M526], C1b2b [M347; previously Haplogroup C4], and basal C* [M130].)

 P (K2b2)
Apart from the basal paragroup P* (K2b2), it has only one subclade: P1 (M45), also known as K2b2a – which is also the parent of the major haplogroups Q (K2b2a1) and R (K2b2a2).

P (K2b2) descendant haplogroups Q (K2b2a1) and R (K2b2a2) is widely distributed among males of Native American, Central Asian, South Asian and Siberian ancestry.

 Basal P* (K2b2*)
P-P295* (sometimes known as "pre-P", before P-M45 was redesignated P1) is found among 28% of males among the Aeta, as well as in Timor at 10.8%, and one case may have been found in Papua New Guinea (Kaysar et al. 2006) although this has not been verified.

 P1 (K2b2a)
P1 (M45/PF5962), also known as K2b2a, is hundreds of times more common than P* (K2b2; PxM45), as it includes haplogroups Q and R, is estimated as being 14,300 years younger than K2b.

Many ethnic groups with high frequencies of P1 are located in Central Asia and Siberia: 35.4% among Tuvans, 28.3% among Altaian Kizhi, and 35% among Nivkh males.

Modern South Asian populations also feature P1 at low to moderate frequencies. In South Asia it is most frequent among the Muslims of Manipur (33%), but this may be due to a very small sample size (nine individuals). Cases of P1 (M45) reported in South Asia may be unresolved cases or R2 or Q.

§ These may include members of haplogroup R2.''

See also
 Ancient populations haplogroups are assumed from small ancient sample sizes.
 † Stands for assumed extinction (no living sample of the same haplogroup)
  Entire Phylogeny except for Hg X + distribution of K2b1 clades K2* clades and K2c+K2d, as well as P(xm45)
  Ancient dna.
  Modern Populations+Ancient Basques
  y-dna haplogroup X.

Notes
Assuming
B70 ky for the TMRCA of M168 chromosomes,10 we estimate the
interval of time between the diversification of K-M9 and that of
K-P331 to be <3 ky. This rapid diversification has also been assessed
using whole Y-chromosome sequence data.22 In addition, we estimate
the total time between the common ancestor of K-M9 and that of
P-P295 to be <5 ky, and the time between the common ancestor
P-P295 and that of P-P27 to be 12.3 ky (95% CI: 6.6–20 ky).

References

K2B


title: Anson, Kansas

text:
Anson is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 6 miles east of Conway Springs at 1.5 miles south of the intersection of N Anson Rd and W 90th St N, next to an abandoned railroad. It currently contains a small number of homes, but no businesses or services.

History
A post office was opened in Anson in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1958.

A railroad previously passed through the community, east to west, from Belle Plaine to Conway Springs.

Education
The community is served by Conway Springs USD 356 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: 2004 Virginia ballot measures

text:
The 2004 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 2, 2004, the same day as the Presidential and the U.S. House elections in the state.  The only statewide elections on the ballot were two constitutional referendums to amend the Virginia State Constitution.  Because Virginia state elections are held on off-years, no statewide officers or state legislative elections were held.  All referendums were referred to the voters by the Virginia General Assembly.

Question 1

The Apportionment Act amendment clarifies provisions concerning the effective date and implementation of decennial redistricting laws, especially when political vacancies occur.

Question 2

The Succession to the Office of Governor Act amendment clarifies who will become the acting Governor of Virginia in the event of a sudden death, resignation, or other emergency circumstance. It adds the acting Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, President pro tempore of the Virginia Senate, and majority leader of the Virginia Senate to the list of officials that would succeed the Governor in such an instance (after the Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, the Attorney General of Virginia, and the Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, which were already part of the list of succession).  The amendment also allows the Virginia General Assembly to temporarily waive certain eligibility requirements in order for the Attorney General, Speaker, or acting Speaker to serve as acting Governor in the event of an emergency.

References

2004 Virginia elections


title: David Borrelli

text:
David Borrelli may refer to:

 David Borrelli (ice hockey) (born 1981), Canadian-born Italian ice hockey player
 David Borrelli (politician) (born 1971), Italian politician


title: Cicero, Kansas

text:
Cicero is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 4 miles northeast of Wellington at about 2.5 miles east of the intersection of U.S. Route 81 and E 50th Ave N, next to the railroad.

History
A post office was opened in Cicero in 1883, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1934.

Education
The community is served by Belle Plaine USD 357 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Partners (Paul Bley & Gary Peacock album)

text:
Partners is an album by pianist Paul Bley and bassist Gary Peacock recorded in New York in 1989 and released on the French Owl label in 1991.

Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating "by the time this duo session was recorded, one could expect that a certain degree of musical empathy would be in play. And yes, here there is plenty of the give and take of two old friends who do not go along with the mainstream jazz program. Yet one could also call this an album of twin monologues, for ten of the 15 tracks here are solo improvisations for each player".

Track listing
All compositions by Paul Bley and Gary Peacock except as indicated
 "Again Anew" - 6:32
 "Pleiades Skirt" (Peacock) - 2:12
 "Octavon" (Bley) - 2:13
 "Latin Genetics" (Ornette Coleman) - 5:07
 "Workinoot" (Peacock) - 4:37
 "Afternoon of a Dawn, Parts 1-3" (Bley) - 5:33
 "Hand in Hand" - 4:44
 "Satyr Satire" (Peacock) - 2:41
 "Lull-A-Bye" (Bley) - 3:31
 "Twitter Pat" (Peacock) - 1:35
 "Who's Who Is It?" - 11:37
 "Gently, Gently" (Peacock) - 2:11
 "Majestique" (Bley) - 3:06
 "Pot Luck" (Peacock) - 2:48
 "No Pun Intended" - 3:08

Personnel
Paul Bley - piano
Gary Peacock - bass

References

1991 albums
Paul Bley albums
Gary Peacock albums


title: Kenmore (brand)

text:
Kenmore is an American brand of household appliances, cookware, floorcare, grills, HVAC equipment and other home items owned and licensed by Transformco, an affiliate of ESL Investments.

As of 2017, Kenmore products are produced by manufacturers including Whirlpool, Samsung, LG, Electrolux, Panasonic, Cleva North America, and Winia Electronics. Today, the brand's portfolio is sold across Amazon, Lowe's, The Home Depot, Target, and many other online retailers.

History

The brand first appeared on a four-drawer drop feed sewing machine sold from 1913 to 1919. The first Kenmore washing machine was introduced in 1927. The first Kenmore vacuum cleaners were introduced in 1932.

In 1976, Sears expanded the Kenmore name to its line of refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and dehumidifiers, which were previously branded as Coldspot.

In 2016, the Kenmore brand was expanded into consumer electronics with the launch of Kenmore-branded high definition (Kenmore HDTV) and ultra HD (Kenmore Elite UHDTV) televisions.

In July 2017, Sears announced that it will stock Kenmore products on Amazon, and also support integration between its appliances and Amazon Alexa.

In April 2018, Sears CEO and major investor Edward Lampert, along with his hedge fund ESL, offered to buy the brand along with Sears Home Services in order to diversify Sears’ already-strained assets. The hope of spinning off a stable asset, according to Lampert, is to increase capital in Sears’ portfolio, which would filter down into the stores, thus providing much needed income for the Sears brand. Lampert revised his offer to buy Kenmore in August 2018 for $400 million and without Sears' Home Services division. On October 14, 2018, Sears' parent company Sears Holdings filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection leaving the future of the Kenmore brand undecided. Sears will continue to sell Kenmore products and honor warranties while it undergoes restructuring. With the demise of Sears Canada, Kenmore products are no longer sold in Canada, but existing warranty for Whirlpool-made Kenmore lines continued to be honored. A number of Canadian parts suppliers continue to provide Kenmore parts previously sold by Sears Canada. Some Kenmore products are also being individually resold online in 2021.

Products

Kenmore's upscale line of products is known as the Elite line. Kenmore also has a professional line of appliances called Kenmore Pro.

As of January 2019, the Kenmore brand had over 50 products listed as top performers on the non-profit website Consumer Reports.

List of common manufacturers

Whirlpool Corporation
LG Corporation
Electrolux
Panasonic
Samsung

References

External links

 Kenmore
 Kenmore on LinkedIn
 Kenmore on Facebook
 Sears Archives

Home appliance brands
Sears Holdings brands
American companies established in 1913
Electronics companies established in 1913
American brands
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018


title: Ewell, Kansas

text:
Ewell is a ghost town in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 3.5 miles southwest of Conway Springs at 0.25 mile southeast of the intersection of N Bluff Rd and W 60th Ave N, next to an abandoned railroad.

History
Ewell was located next to a former railroad between Conway Springs and Argonia.

Ewell had a post office between 1885 and 1906.

This community no longer exists, though a modern home and its buildings exist on the site.

Education
The rural area around the former community is currently served by Conway Springs USD 356 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Kentucky Route 78

text:
Kentucky Route 78 (KY 78) is a  state highway in Kentucky that runs from KY 49 in rural Casey County northwest of Liberty to U.S. Route 150 (US 150) southeast of Stanford via Hustonville and Stanford.  Much of the route follows the old Cumberland Trail from Stanford, KY to Nashville, TN.

Major intersections

References

0078
Transportation in Casey County, Kentucky
Transportation in Lincoln County, Kentucky


title: Millerton, Kansas

text:
Millerton is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 5 miles northeast of Conway Springs at the intersection of N Maple Rd and W 123rd Ave N, next to the railroad.

History
Millerton had a post office from 1875 until 1912, but the post office there was called Rolling Green until 1884.

Education
The community is served by Clearwater USD 264 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Cutting out of the Hermione

text:
The Cutting out of the Hermione, or Capture of Hermione, was a naval action that took place at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela on 25 October 1799. The formerly British frigate , which had been handed over to the Spanish by its crew following a vicious mutiny, lay in the heavily guarded sea port of Puerto Cabello, now under the command of Don Ramón de Chalas.

A British frigate, , was sent under Edward Hamilton to recapture Hermione. In naval terms this was called a cutting out operation—a boarding attack by small boats, preferably at night and against an unsuspecting and anchored target. This had become a popular tactic during the later 18th century.

Background
HMS Hermione was a frigate of the Royal Navy, commanded by Captain Hugh Pigot. In September 1797 a number of the crew had risen up against the tyrannical Pigot and had murdered him and nine other officers, throwing their bodies overboard. Fearing retribution for their actions, the mutineers had sailed Hermione to the Spanish port of La Guaira, and handed her over to the Spanish. The mutineers claimed they had set the officers adrift in a small boat, as had happened in the mutiny on Bounty some eight years earlier.

The Spaniards took Hermione into service under the name Santa Cecilia, where she remained for two years at La Guaira. Her crew, which included 25 of her former crew, remained under Spanish guard.

Meanwhile, news of the fate of Hermione reached Admiral Sir Hyde Parker when  captured a Spanish schooner. Parker wrote to the governor of La Guaira, demanding the return of the ship and the surrender of the mutineers but the governor only moved the ship to Puerto Cabello. Meanwhile, Parker dispatched  under Captain Henry Ricketts to commence negotiations. Parker also set up a system of informers and posted rewards that eventually led to the capture of 33 of the mutineers. News eventually reached Parker that Santa Cecilia had been sighted in Puerto Cabello, and ordered  to intercept her, should she attempt to put to sea.

Captain Edward Hamilton of Surprise decided that the honour of the Royal Navy depended on the recovery of the ship, and was determined to retake her. Anchoring near the port, he devised a plan to cut her out of the harbour, and asked for a boat and an extra twenty men from Parker. Parker declared the scheme too risky, and refused to send the men, but Hamilton went ahead anyway.

Battle

Santa Cecilia was heavily manned, with around 400 Spanish under the command of Captain Don Ramón de Chalas. She lay under the guns of two shore batteries, together mounting some 200 guns.

Hamilton meticulously planned the capture. He had a force of some 100 seamen and marines in his boats, all of whom were clothed in dark only, with no white or light colours. Each of the boats was placed in a formation of two divisions, and were towed in threes. One division would attack the starboard side while the other was to board the larboard side. Each boat was given as a specific task a part of the ship which they were responsible for securing.

Stealth was a key part of the attack plan, but Hamilton did not achieve this because, as he led his boats for the attack, he was spotted by two Spanish gun-vessels. In addition, some of the boats were caught in a boom, a floating barrier. They soon got free, but this alerted the Spanish shore batteries, which opened fire. With the alarm given, the crew of Santa Cecilia were ready for the British as the boats got alongside her. As the British approached, the Spanish kept up a brisk fire of musketry but fired on their own gun boats as well as the attacking British, which caused confusion among both sides.

Nevertheless, Santa Cecilia was boarded. Initially, the first party to board was pushed back, and Hamilton was alone on the quarter deck fighting four Spaniards. A musket butt soon knocked him down. At this moment the other division had swung around, and they too boarded the ship. This included the Marines, who, with a single volley, rushed the main deck saving Hamilton. They then charged with the bayonets, driving the Spaniards from the top decks. The Spaniards were then caught in a crossfire, which drove them below deck. The fight continued in the heart of the ship.

As the fight below deck continued, Hamilton's sailors were cutting the cables holding Santa Cecilia at bay, and the sails were loosed to catch the breeze.

Captain de Challas was wounded, captured, and taken below, despite some resistance by a few who tried to take back the ship. The rest of the Spanish surrendered soon after de Challas was captured.

The batteries surrounding Puerto Cabello opened fire when they saw the ship sailing away, and scored a number of hits on the ship, but no major damage was done. Hamilton ordered no shots to be fired, and no light to be shown; a tactic which worked, as Santa Cecilia sailed out of danger.

By 2:00 a.m. the battle was over and fire from the shore batteries had died down. The boats with Santa Cecilia met up with HMS Surprise by 3:00 a.m.

Aftermath
The Spanish had lost 120 killed, while 231 were taken prisoner, 97 of whom were wounded. All but three, including Don Challas and two other officers, were subsequently returned to the port the next day. Another fifteen Spanish escaped by jumping overboard and swimming ashore, while 20 more escaped in a launch that had been guarding the ship. By contrast the British had not lost a single man, and had just twelve wounded, four of them seriously. One of them was Hamilton himself, who had suffered a blow to the head from a musket, and wounds from a sabre, pike and grapeshot.

Parker had the recaptured Hermione renamed HMS Retaliation, after which the Admiralty ordered her to be renamed HMS Retribution on 31 January 1800. The prize money was distributed, making Hamilton a rich man, so much so that he declined a pension.

For his daring exploit, Hamilton was made a knight by letters patent, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (2 January 1815), and eventually became a baronet (20 October 1818). The Jamaica House of Assembly awarded him a sword worth 300 guineas, and the City of London awarded him the Freedom of the City in a public dinner on 25 October 1800.

In 1847, the Admiralty awarded Hamilton a gold medal for the recapture of Hermione, and the Naval General Service Medal with the clasp, "Surprise with Hermione", to the seven surviving claimants from the action.

Citations

Bibliography

Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
Conflicts in 1799
Naval battles involving Spain
Naval battles involving the United Kingdom
Naval battles involving Venezuela
1799 in Venezuela


title: Perth, Kansas

text:
Perth is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 9 miles southwest of Wellington near the intersection of S Clearwater Rd and W 80th St S, next to the railroad.

History
A post office was opened in Perth in 1882, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1954.

Education
The community is served by Wellington USD 353 public school district.

Notable people
 Edward Gallagher (1887–1940), head coach of Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestling, born in Perth.
 George Kelly (1905–1967), psychologist, therapist, educator, considered the father of cognitive clinical psychology. He was born on a farm near Perth.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Newcastle Agri Terminal

text:
The Newcastle Agri Terminal (NAT) is an intermodal dry bulk cargo port operator located in Carrington, New South Wales. It is located within the Carrington Precinct of the Port of Newcastle utilising the Dyke 2 berth.

Facilities
The terminal's facilities include two 20,000 tonne and three 6,780 tonne silos equating to 60,340 metric tonnes storage, rail receival via the Bullock Island loop line, conveyors, control rooms, carpark, laboratory, inspection and sample rooms and the ability to load Panamax vessels at 2,000 tonnes per hour. Dyke 2 berth, which can accommodate vessels up to 40,000 DWT with maximum beam of 26 metres, is owned by Newcastle Port Corporation while the bulk loader and storage facilities is owned by Aurizon.

Ownership
The founding investors in NAT included Agrex, CBH Group, CTC Terminals, Glencore Xstrata and Olam Grain Australia.<ref>Silos at Newcastle Agri Terminal ABC News</ref> In August 2021, NAT was purchased by Qube Holdings from CBH Group, CTC Terminals, Riverina and Viterra.Qube Holdings to buy Newcastle Agri Terminal for $90million Newcastle Herald 9 September 2021

Operations
The first bulk grain shipment through the Terminal was 28,000 tonnes of durum wheat loaded onto the MV North Princess'' on 21 February 2014 which was sent to Algeria on behalf of the Australian Durum Company.

References

External links

Agriculture companies of Australia
CBH Group
Companies based in Newcastle, New South Wales
Economy of Newcastle, New South Wales
Glencore
Grain companies
Grain industry of Australia
Qube Holdings
2009 establishments in Australia


title: Portland, Kansas

text:
Portland is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 5 miles northeast of South Haven at 1.5 miles north of the intersection of S Hydraulic Rd and U.S. Route 166, next to an abandoned railroad. It is 1.5 miles east of I-35 (Kansas Turnpike).

History
A post office was opened in Portland in 1886, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1940.

The Kansas Southwestern Railway previously passed through the community, east to west, from Geuda Springs to South Haven.

Education
The community is served by South Haven USD 509 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Octopus (English band)

text:
Octopus were an English psychedelic rock band, resulting from the renaming of a Hatfield (UK) based band named the Cortinas in late 1968. At the time of the renaming the group consisted of founder members Paul Griggs and his brother Nigel Griggs, Rick Williams and Nigel (Gary) Whinyates. As the Cortinas they released one single on Polydor in 1968. As Octopus they released one LP Restless Night on Penny Farthing in April 1971, along with several singles 1969-1971.

Octopus supported many well-known groups including Cream and Yes and had several members who later joined famous groups: including drummer Brian Glascock, who replaced Nigel Whinyates in late 1969, John Cook and Tim Reeves of Mungo Jerry, and brother Nigel Griggs himself and Malcolm Green, both later of the New Zealand group, Split Enz. Paul Griggs was later a founding member of the pop group Guys 'n' Dolls.

References

English psychedelic rock music groups


title: Riverdale, Kansas

text:
Riverdale is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 6 miles southwest of Belle Plaine at the intersection of N Sand Plum Rd and 77th Ave N, or west of U.S. Route 81 next to the railroad.

History
A post office was opened in Riverdale in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1973.

A railroad currently passes through the community, north to south, from Wichita to Wellington.  Previously a railroad passed through the community, east to west, from Belle Plaine to Conway Springs.

Education
The community is served by Wellington USD 353 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Restless Night

text:
Restless Night or Restless Nights may refer to:

Film
Restless Night (1958)

Literature
Unruhige Nacht (Restless Night), 1950 story by Albrecht Goes
Restless Night 1990 novel by Charlotte Hughes

Music

Albums
Restless Night (Ray Dolan album) 1975
Restless Night, 1971 debut album of Octopus (English band)
Restless Night, Julianna Raye 2002
Restless Nights (Karla Bonoff album) 1979

Songs
"Restless Night", The Incredible String Band from Earthspan
"Restless Night" (לילה לא שקט, Layla Lo Shaket) hit song by Shlomo Artzi
"Restless Night", from Dragon Ball Z 3 Original Soundtrack
"Restless Nights", song by Scorpions B-side of Wind of Change, from album Crazy World
"Restless Nights", by Bruce Springsteen from Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)
"Restless Nights", by Lalo Schifrin composed by Lalo Schifrin 1983 The Osterman Weekend
"Restless Nights", by Memphis Slim
"Restless Nights", by Karla Bonoff composed by Karla Bonoff


title: Prehistory of Northern Nigeria

text:
The pre-history of Northern Nigeria spans the period covering from the early history of the planet to the time of written historical records. There has been very little investigation into the History of Northern Nigeria before the rise of human civilisation.

Stone Age

The Dufuna canoe was discovered in 1987 a few kilometers from the village of Dufuna, not far from the Komadugu Gana River, in Yobe State, Nigeria.  Radiocarbon dating of a sample of charcoal found near the site dates the canoe at 8500 to 8000 years old, linking the site to Lake Mega Chad. It is the oldest boat to be discovered in Africa, and the second oldest known worldwide.

Iron Age
Kainji Dam excavations revealed ironworking by the 2nd century BC. The transition from Neolithic times to the Iron Age apparently was achieved without intermediate bronze production. Others suggest the technology moved west from the Nile Valley, although the Iron Age in the Niger River valley and the forest region appears to predate the introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than 800 years.

Nok Culture
The Nok culture thrived from approximately 1,500 BC to about 200 AD on the Jos Plateau in north and central Nigeria and produced life-sized terracotta figures that include human heads, human figures, and animals. Iron smelting furnaces at Taruga, a Nok site, date from around 600 BC. The Nok culture is thought to have begun smelting iron by 600-500 BC and possibly some centuries earlier.

References

History of Nigeria by period
History of Nigeria


title: Uroleucon erigeronense

text:
Uroleucon erigeronense, described by Thomas (1878), is a species of aphid that feeds on plants of the Erigeron or fleabane genus.  It also feeds on other plants, including Eriophyllum.

References

External links

Insects described in 1878
Macrosiphini
Hemiptera of North America


title: Riverside, Grant County, New Mexico

text:
Riverside is an unincorporated community in Grant County, New Mexico, United States. It lies on the left (east) bank of the Gila River and on both sides of U.S. Route 180 in southwestern New Mexico,  by road south of Cliff.

History
There was a Mimbres settlement at Riverside, but they were displaced by the Apache and the settlement had been long abandoned by the time the Spanish came to New Mexico. The Spanish did not settle in the area due to the presence of the Chiricahua Apache.

Riverside and the surrounding area in the Gila River Valley were settled by Anglos in 1884, as fear of Apache raiders decreased.  The area was and is primarily a ranching and farming community.  In 1900, Thomas Jefferson Clark built a two-story hotel in Riverside as a type of caravanserai for travellers on the stage route between Mogollon and Silver City.

The annual Audubon Gila River bird count takes place in Riverside. Students attend the schools in Cliff, which is part of the Silver Consolidated School District.

References

Unincorporated communities in Grant County, New Mexico
Unincorporated communities in New Mexico


title: Technodiktator

text:
Technodiktator is the fifth studio album by the Finnish industrial metal band Turmion Kätilöt, released on 27 September 2013.

Track listing

References

2013 albums
Turmion Kätilöt albums
2011 albums


title: Zyba, Kansas

text:
Zyba is an unincorporated community in Sumner County, Kansas, United States.  It is located about 4 miles southwest of the Kansas Star Casino at N West St and E 120th Ave N, next to the railroad and Ninnescah River.

History
A post office was opened in Zyba in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1906.

Education
The community is served by Belle Plaine USD 357 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Sumner County map, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Sumner County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: João Uva de Matos Proença

text:
João Uva de Matos Proença GColIH, KCMG (June 4, 1938-January 30, 1990) was a Portuguese diplomat who served in a number of posts, including as Ambassador to the United Nations, Ambassador to Canada and Director of Political Affairs at the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

References

1938 births
1990 deaths
Permanent Representatives of Portugal to the United Nations
Order of Prince Henry
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Portuguese diplomats
Portuguese nobility


title: 1976 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe

text:
The 1976 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was a horse race held at Longchamp on Sunday 3 October 1976. It was the 55th running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe.

The winner was Jacques Wertheimer's Ivanjica, a four-year-old filly trained in France by Alec Head and ridden by the trainer's son Freddy Head. Alec Head was recording his third win in the race following Nuccio (1952) and Saint Crespin (1959). Freddy was also winning the race for third time after Bon Mot in 1966 and San San in 1972.

The contenders
In French racing, horses in the same ownership are usually "coupled" and treated as a single entry for betting purposes. The favourites for the race were the French-trained three-year-old colts Youth and Exceller, who were coupled in the betting as both were owned by Nelson Bunker Hunt. Youth had won four of his five races in 1976 including the Prix Lupin, Prix du Jockey Club and Prix Niel, whilst Exceller had won the Grand Prix de Paris by four lengths. Also strongly fancied was Bruni a British four-year-old who had won the St Leger Stakes by ten lengths in 1975 and added victories in the Yorkshire Cup and Cumberland Lodge Stakes in 1976. The other leading French contenders were the Daniel Wildenstein entry of Crow (St Leger Stakes) and Pawneese (Oaks Stakes, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes) and the Jacques Wertheimer entry comprising Riverqueen (Poule d'Essai des Pouliches, Prix Saint-Alary, Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud) and Ivanjica, winner of the Poule d'Essai des Pouliches and Prix Vermeille in 1975. The other international challengers included Noble Dancer from Norway and Duke of Maralade from Italy. Youth/Exceller headed the betting at odds of 2/1, with Bruni on 2.5/1, Crow/Pawneese on 5.25/1 and Riverqueen/Ivanjica on 7.1/1.

The race
Pawneese started quickly and disputed the lead with the outsider Kasteel with the pair drawing clear of the rest of the field at half way with Youth, Crow and Bruni prominent among the chasing group. The leaders' advantage diminished as they approached the final turn and although  Pawneese led the field into the straight, she was soon overtaken by Kasteel who was in turn headed by Youth, with Crow and Bruni also moving forward. Ivanjica, who had been last in the early stages after tracking sharply to the right from her outside draw, was making steady progress along the inside. Crow moved past Youth and Bruni 400 metres from the finish and looked the likely winner, but Ivanjica produced a "brilliant finishing burst" to take the lead 100 metres from the finish and won going away by two lengths from Crow, with Youth taking third ahead of Noble Dancer and Bruni.

Race details
 Sponsor: none
 Purse:
 Going: Soft
 Distance: 2,400 metres
 Number of runners: 20
 Winner's time: 2:39.4

Full result

* Abbreviations: ns = nose; shd = short-head; hd = head; snk = short neck; nk = neck

Winner's details
Further details of the winner, Ivanjica.
 Sex: Filly
 Foaled: 3 May 1972
 Country: United States
 Sire: Sir Ivor; Dam: Astuce (Vieux Manoir)
 Owner: Jacques Wertheimer
 Breeder: Jacques Wertheimer

References

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
 1976
Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe


title: Millworker

text:
"Millworker", or "Millwork", is a song written by James Taylor. It was originally written for the Stephen Schwartz Broadway musical Working. Taylor's own recording was released on his 1979 album Flag along with "Brother Trucker", which Taylor also wrote for Working. It has also been covered by other artists, including Bette Midler, Emmylou Harris, Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder, Bruce Springsteen, Jennifer Warnes and Francis Cabrel.

According to Taylor, he was inspired to write the song quickly one night at his home in Martha's Vineyard, "about six feet" from where he wrote his earlier song "Secret O' Life". He was initially impressed with the song and how he was able to write it from the perspective of a woman. He originally started writing the song about a truck driver, rather than a millworker, and according to Taylor the lyrics are not about any particular character in the book by Studs Terkel, Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do which was the basis for the musical Working. However, according to Bruce Springsteen biographer Marc Dolan, the lyrics were based on the words of union organizer Grace Clements, who was interviewed for Terkel's book. In the completed song, the protagonist became a young woman in the 1800s, who had been married to a drunken man and was forced to work in the textile mill after he died and left her alone with three children to feed. As relief from her drudgery she daydreams of her father's smile and her grandfather's stories. She recognizes that she is trapped and that her life is wasted because she made some poor choices. As she sings, she is miserable and old before her time, with nothing to look forward to. Taylor biographer Mark Robowsky describes the song as "a transfixing self-portrait through the tired eyes of a female laborer chained by life to 'her machine.'"

The title of the song used in Working was "Millwork". Stephen Schwartz regarded it as his favorite song in the show. He also claimed that the song was entirely Taylor's idea and that he did not even think of the subject as a possible song. Author John Bush Jones regards the singer of "Millwork" as being "perhaps more anguished" than any of the other characters in Working. Robin Lamont sang the song on Broadway.

Rolling Stone critic Stephen Holden regards "Millworker" as one of the key songs on Flag, describing as "Flags most eloquent song". Taylor biographer Timothy White describes the Broadway version of the song as "a sublime, if under-esteemed, slice of stage magic", also praising the "dignity" of Lamont's performance. Jones describes the song as "graphic and powerful". Robowsky describes the song as "an anthem of class inequality and union solidarity". "Millworker" was included on Taylor's live album Live and his compilation album The Essential James Taylor. Taylor performed "Millworker" on Saturday Night Live on May 12, 1979 along with two other songs from Flag, "Up on the Roof" and "Johnnie Comes Back".

Bette Midler covered "Millworker" on her 1979 album Thighs and Whispers. According to Midler biographer Mark Bego, Midler's version is "a real treat", giving the song a "slow and pensive treatment" that brings the character to life. Billboard described her version as "sensitive". AllMusic critic Joe Viglione finds her version to be entertaining, and that it plays to Midler's strengths. Emmylou Harris covered "Millworker" on her 1981 album Evangeline. AllMusic critic Stewart Mason did not regard it as being very good. However, Mark Coleman and Mark Kemp of The New Rolling Stone Album Guide regarded her "heartfelt" version to be the one good thing on the album.
Harris had wanted to include the song on her previous album, Roses in the Snow, but her producer Brian Ahern convinced her that it was too much of a pop song for that bluegrass album. Bruce Springsteen sang the song honoring Taylor on the 2006 album A Musicares Person of the Year Tribute. Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder has covered the song in concert at the Delta Plex in Grand Rapids, MI, on Oct. 03, 2004.

Francis Cabrel covered the song in French as "La fabrique" for his 1984 live album Public.

References

1979 songs
James Taylor songs
Songs written by James Taylor
Song recordings produced by Peter Asher
Bette Midler songs
Emmylou Harris songs


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' doubles

text:
Thanasi Kokkinakis and Nick Kyrgios were the defending champions, but were no longer eligible to compete in junior tennis.

Orlando Luz and Marcelo Zormann defeated Stefan Kozlov and Andrey Rublev in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the boys' doubles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Seeds

  Stefan Kozlov /  Andrey Rublev (final)
  Quentin Halys /  Johan Tatlot (quarterfinals)
  Orlando Luz /  Marcelo Zormann (champions)
  Michael Mmoh /  Frances Tiafoe (second round)
  Pedro Martínez /  Jaume Munar (quarterfinals)
  Francisco Behamonde /  Matías Zukas (second round)
  Petros Chrysochos /  Nino Serdarušić (semifinals)
  Kamil Majchrzak /  Jan Zieliński (first round)

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links

Boys' Doubles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Boys' doubles


title: Pandoc

text:
Pandoc is a free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was created by John MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

Functionality
Pandoc dubs itself a "markup format" converter. It can take a document in one of the supported formats and convert only its markup to another format. Maintaining the look and feel of the document is not a priority.

Plug-ins for custom formats can also be written in Lua, which has been used to create an exporting tool for the Journal Article Tag Suite, for example.

CiteProc
An included CiteProc option allows pandoc to use bibliographic data from reference management software in any of five formats: BibTeX, BibLaTeX, CSL JSON or CSL YAML, or RIS. The information is automatically transformed into a citation in various styles (such as APA, Chicago, or MLA) using an implementation of the Citation Style Language. This allows the program to serve as a simpler alternative to LaTeX for producing academic writing in Markdown with inline citation keys. Or the program can be used to convert any bibliographic data stream in the accepted formats into a list of citations in a chosen style.

Supported file formats

Input formats

The input format with the most support is an extended version of Markdown. Notwithstanding, pandoc can also read in the following formats:

 Creole
 DocBook
 EPUB
 FictionBook (FB2)
 Haddock
 HTML
 Jira wiki markup
 Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS)
 JSON
 LaTeX
 Lightweight markup language
 man
 Markdown: Strict, CommonMark, GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM), MultiMarkdown (MMD) and Markdown Extra (PHP Extra) variants
 OpenDocument (ODT)
 OPML
 Office Open XML: Microsoft Word variant
 Org-mode
 reStructuredText
 Textile
 txt2tags (t2t)
 Wiki markup: MediaWiki, Muse, TikiWiki, TWiki and Vimwiki variants

Output formats

Pandoc can create files in the following output formats, which are not necessarily the same set of formats as the input formats:

 AsciiDoc
 ConTeXt
 DocBook: Versions 4 and 5
 EPUB: Versions 2 and 3
 FictionBook (FB2)
 Haddock
 HTML: HTML4 and HTML5 variants, respectively compliant with XHTML 1.0 Transitional and XHTML Strict
 InDesign ICML
 Jira wiki markup
 Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS)
 JSON
 LaTeX
 man
 Markdown: Strict, CommonMark, GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM), MultiMarkdown (MMD) and Markdown Extra (PHP Extra) variants
 OpenDocument (ODT/ODF)
 OPML
 Office Open XML: Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint variants
 Org-mode
 PDF (needs a third-party add-on like ConTeXt, pdfroff, wkhtmltopdf, weasyprint or prince)
 Plain text
 reStructuredText
 Rich Text Format (RTF)
 TEI
 Texinfo
 Textile
 Web-based slideshows: LaTeX Beamer, Slideous, Slidy, DZSlides, reveal.js and S5 variants
 Wiki markup: DokuWiki, MediaWiki, Muse, TikiWiki, TWiki and Vimwiki variants

See also

 Round-trip format conversion
 Help authoring tool

References

External links

2006 software
File conversion software
Free software programmed in Haskell
Lightweight markup languages
Lua (programming language)-scriptable software
Technical communication tools
Workflow applications


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Gentlemen's invitation doubles

text:
Thomas Enqvist and Mark Philippoussis successfully defended their title, defeating Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis in the final, 3–6, 6–3, [10–3] to win the gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Draw

Final

Group A
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

Group B
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

References
Draw

Men's Invitation Doubles


title: 49 Degrees North Ski Area

text:
49 Degrees North Ski Area is a ski resort in the northwestern United States, located inside Colville National Forest in Stevens County, Washington,  east of Chewelah, which is  north of Spokane.

The base is at an elevation of  above sea level with the summit at  on Chewelah Mountain, yielding a vertical drop of . Its slopes are primarily north-facing and are served by six chairlifts - one quad, one high-speed detachable quad, and four doubles.

The ski area first opened in late 1972 with three chairlifts. It is actually at 48.3° North, about  south of the 49th parallel, the international border with Canada. Following two consecutive winters of poor weather, the ski area filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in June 1990.

Six years later in June 1996, John Eminger, a local, purchased the ski area and acted as owner operator for the next 23 years. In the 1990s, the trees were thinned over most of its , providing some of the greatest variation and magnitude of tree skiing found at a single resort in the northwest United States. The resort will soon be implementing mountain biking.

A predecessor ski area named "Chewelah Peak" was about  west (), towards Chewelah. It was served by a double chair that vertically climbed . It began operation with a rope tow in 1936; the double chairlift was added in 1950, and a lodge in 1952.

In the spring of 2019, the ski area was sold to CMR Lands LLC, headed by Seattle-area businessman Tryg Fortun. The group also owns Silver Mountain in Kellogg, Idaho, purchased three years earlier in 2016. In 2021, the resort installed a base to summit high speed detachable quad chairlift. Northern Spirit, built by Doppelmayr USA, is the newest, longest, and most powerful chairlift in the State of Washington and the Inland Northwest, surpassed only by Crystal Mountain and Silver Mountain's Gondolas.

References

External links

[1]
[2] Mountain Webcam
Ski Map.org – trail maps – 49 Degrees North ski area

Ski areas and resorts in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Stevens County, Washington
Tourist attractions in Stevens County, Washington


title: Pre-colonial history of Northern Nigeria

text:
The pre-colonial history of Northern Nigeria encompasses the history of Northern Nigeria before the advent of European explorers and the subsequent pacification of Northern Nigeria by the British Empire. In pre-historical times, the area known as Northern Nigeria was home to the Kwatarkwashi/Nok culture. Elements of human civilisation have also been discovered around the Niger River near Kainji Dam.

Kabara Period
Around the 7th century the Kabara Nation under the control of the Kabara's emerged in Northern Nigeria. Around the 9th century an upheaval of unexplained origins saw a transference of power from these matriarchal monarchs and a new set of nations emerged in their place.

The Fourteen Kingdoms
In the 9th century a set kingdoms emerged in Northern Nigeria to replace the Kabara Nation, these Kingdoms share a similar ethno-historical dynamic cemented in their belief in a common origin. The lore of the Fourteen Kingdoms unify the diverse heritage of Northern Nigeria into a cohesive system. Seven of these Kingdoms developed from the Kabara legacy of the Hausa people. In the 9th century as vibrant trading centers competing with Kanem-Bornu and Mali slowly developed in the Central Sudan, a set Kingdoms merged dominating the great savannah plains of Hausaland, their primary exports were leather, gold, cloth, salt, kola nuts, animal hides, and henna. The Seven Hausa states included:

 Daura ?–1806
 Kano 998–1807
 Katsina  1400–1805
 Zazzau (Zaria)  1200–1808
 Gobir ?–1808
 Rano
 Biram  1100–1805  (also known as Hadejia)

The growth and conquest of the Hausa Bakwai resulted in the founding of additional states with rulers tracing their lineage to a concubine of the Hausa founding father, Bayajidda. Thus they are called the 'Banza Bakwai meaning Bastard Seven. The Banza Bakwai adopted many of the customs and institutions of the Hausa Bakwai but were considered unsanctioned or copy-cat kingdoms by non-Hausa people. These states include:

 Zamfara
 Kebbi
 Yauri (also called Yawuri)
 Gwari (also called Gwariland)
 Kwararafa (a Jukun state)
 Nupe (of the Nupe people)
 lLorin (a Yoruba state)

Sudanic States
The Sudanic States emerged from the wake of the upheaval that transformed the system of governance in the central Sudan to patriarchal system. With influence of Islamic Mali Empire, the Hausa Kingdoms were replaced beginning with the Kingdom of Kano by a set of sultanates in the 11th century. The rise of the Sultanates led to series of wars that periodically saw the emergence of organised Empires in Northern Nigeria, by the 17th century, however, these empire had debilitated their economies and have largely stagnated. The parallel rise Fula influence resulted in a wave of ethnic Jihads that saw the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate encompassing much of Northern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon.

Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate emerged from a series of religious campaigns led by the Fula people. By 1809 it had encompassed much of Northern Nigeria and Northern Cameroon.

References

History of Nigeria
Nigeria


title: Canadian Marathon Championships

text:
The Canadian Marathon Championships is the annual national championships for the marathon in Canada. The event is currently part of the Toronto Waterfront Marathon. The event was held in Ottawa beginning with its inception in 2000 before moving to Toronto in 2015.

At the 2018 championship, Cameron Levins broke the Canadian marathon record in the Toronto Waterfront Marathon by 44 seconds with a time of 2:09:25, beating the 43 years record by Jerome Drayton of 2:10:09 in 1975.

Results

See also
Athletics Canada
Canadian records in track and field
Canadian Track and Field Championships
Canadian Half Marathon Championships
Canadian 10Km Road Race Championships
Canadian 5Km Road Race Championships
Sports in Canada
Marathons at the World Championships in Athletics
IAAF World Marathon Cup

References

Marathons in Canada
National athletics competitions
Annual sporting events in Canada


title: Bloomington Thunder

text:
Bloomington Thunder may refer to:
Bloomington Thunder (SPHL), a former professional hockey team that competed in the Southern Professional Hockey League, active from 2011 to 2014
Bloomington Thunder (USHL), a junior hockey team that played in the United States Hockey League


title: Death of Frank Valdes

text:
On July 17, 1999, death row inmate Frank Valdes (October 28, 1962 – July 17, 1999) was killed at Florida State Prison in Bradford County. That morning, nine correctional officers, carrying stun guns, entered his cell and beat him to death.

Background

Valdes had a death sentence resulting from the 1987 fatal shooting of Glades Correctional Institution Correctional Officer Fred Griffis. At the time, Valdes was attempting to assist an inmate escape. Fellow inmate William Van Poyck (July 4, 1954 – June 12, 2013) was sentenced to death for his role in Griffis' murder, and was executed on June 12, 2013.

After Valdes' death, prosecutors of the state criminal trial stated that the attack on him was due to a desire to prevent him from discussing mistreatment of inmates with reporters. The Florida Department of Corrections (FDC) stated that Valdes had threatened one of the officers, leading to an extraction team to be called to his cell.

Beating
The incident occurred in the X-Wing area of the prison. Inmates stated that the correctional officers placed the body in a hallway and used bleach to clean the Valdes cell; the inmates stated that the officers placed Valdes' body in another cell and then called 911. The autopsy showed prints of correctional officer boots in Valdes' skin, and he also had broken ribs. Valdes was pronounced dead at the Shands Hospital in Starke. That day, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) was notified about the incident.

It was alleged that Valdes committed suicide by diving off of his bunk and hitting the bars of the cell. The FDLE ruled that he died due to a beating. The nine officers, who were suspended from their jobs, refused to talk. This prompted the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to join the FDLE investigation.

Trial
Captain Timothy Alvin Thornton, Sergeant Charles Austin Brown, Sergeant Jason Patrick "J.P." Griffis, and Sergeant Robert William Sauls were indicted by an Alachua County, Florida grand jury on February 3, 2000. The charges were second degree murder, official corruption, battery on an inmate, and aggravated battery. The other five guards also had charges. One defendant was acquitted in 2000. In 2002, Thornton, Griffis, and Brown were acquitted. The jury giving the verdict consisted of five men and one woman. Bill Cervone, the Florida State Attorney, dropped the remaining charges in 2002. Cervone argued that the trial was problematic since it was in Bradford County, Florida, where other prisons are located, and he also cited the two previous acquittals.

Jason Griffis had no relation to Fred Griffis. Jason Griffis accused the trial of being politically motivated.

Aftermath
The Florida Department of Corrections fired all nine officers. Yolanda Murphy, the FDC spokesperson, stated that the nine had falsified reports and used excessive and/or unnecessary force and had, therefore, violated the Department's rules. Valdes' ex-wife and family brought civil suits. In 2002, officials from the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) stated that they were considering bringing civil rights charges against the three officers.

As a result, the FDC added cameras in the X-Wing and began requiring the use of video cameras during cell extractions and planned use of force events.

See also

Death of Darren Rainey
Death of Marcia Powell
Death of Chavis Carter
Suicide of Rodney Hulin
Murder of Liam Ashley

References

External links
 "Message from the Secretary" (Archive). Florida Department of Corrections. May 10, 2002.
 Word, Ron. "Closing arguments set for Starke murder trial of correctional officers" (Archive). Associated Press at WTLV. February 15, 2002.

Criminal trials that ended in acquittal
Deaths by person in Florida
1999 in Florida
July 1999 events in the United States


title: Halford, Kansas

text:
Halford is an unincorporated community in Thomas County, Kansas, United States.  It is located approximately  east of Colby.

History
Halford had a post office from 1892 until 1953.

References

Further reading

External links
 Thomas County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Thomas County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: If We May

text:
If We May is an album of jazz standards by pianist Paul Bley recorded in 1993 and released on the SteepleChase label.

Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars, stating, "The music is quite accessible to straightahead fans even if Bley gives these warhorses some new twists, and he shows that he can swing with the best of them (not that anyone really doubted it)".

Track listing
 "Long Ago (And Far Away)" (Ira Gershwin, Jerome Kern) - 9:36
 "Don't Explain" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog, Jr.) - 9:43
 "If We May" (Paul Bley) - 10:08
 "Indian Summer" (Al Dubin, Victor Herbert) - 5:59
 "All the Things You Are" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Jerome Kern) - 9:26
 "Goodbye" (Gordon Jenkins) - 5:12
 "Confirmation" (Charlie Parker) - 5:55

Personnel
Paul Bley - piano
Jay Anderson - bass
Adam Nussbaum - drums

References

1994 albums
Paul Bley albums
SteepleChase Records albums


title: 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Senior gentlemen's invitation doubles

text:
Pat Cash and Mark Woodforde were the defending champions, but Cash chose not to compete this year.

Guy Forget and Cédric Pioline defeated Woodforde and Rick Leach in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the senior gentlemen's invitation doubles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Draw

Final

Group A
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

Group B
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-players-ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 5. steering-committee decision.

References
Draw

Seniors's Invitation Doubles


title: Mingo, Kansas

text:
Mingo is an unincorporated community in Thomas County, Kansas, United States  It is located approximately  southeast of Colby, then west of I-70 exit 62 via a rural road. It is primarily the site of a large granary operation; there is also a church, two large farms and, near the highway, a free-standing self-service gasoline pump row; and no other businesses or services.  There are also a dozen or so homes.

History
Mingo had a post office from 1888 until 1940; the post office was designated "Thurford" until 1894.  The oldest active geocache in the world is near Mingo.

Education
The community is served by Colby USD 315 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Thomas County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Thomas County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Canadian Half Marathon Championships

text:
The Canadian Half Marathon Championships is the annual national championships for the half marathon in Canada sanctioned by Athletics Canada.

The event is currently hosted by the Manitoba Marathon weekend, which is awarded hosting duties from 2019 through 2024. It was previously hosted by the Calgary Marathon weekend  and the Banque Scotia 21K de Montréal.

The 2018 championships hosted by the Calgary Half Marathon was won by Calgarian Trevor Hofbauer.

Results

See also
Athletics Canada
Canadian records in track and field
Canadian Track and Field Championships
Canadian Marathon Championships
Canadian 10Km Road Race Championships
Canadian 5Km Road Race Championships
Sports in Canada

References

Half marathons in Canada
National athletics competitions
Annual sporting events in Canada


title: Amos Mazzant

text:
Amos Louis Mazzant III (born February 22, 1965) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas and former United States magistrate judge of the same court.

Biography
Mazzant was born in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude, in 1987 from the University of Pittsburgh. He received a Juris Doctor in 1990 from the Baylor Law School.

Mazzant began his legal career as a law clerk for Judge Paul Neeley Brown of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas from 1990 to 1992. From 1992 to 1993, he worked at the law firm of Henderson, Bryant & Wolfe. He served as a law clerk to Magistrate Judge Robert Faulkner from 1993 to 2003 and Magistrate Judge Don D. Bush in 2003, both in the Eastern District of Texas. From 2003 to 2004, he was of counsel at Wolfe, Tidwell & McCoy, LLP. He served as a justice of the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas at Dallas, from 2004 to 2009. From 2009 to 2014, he served as a United States magistrate judge in the Eastern District of Texas.

Federal judicial service
In 2014, Mazzant was recommended to the Obama Administration as a judicial nominee by U.S. Senator Ted Cruz. On June 26, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Mazzant to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge T. John Ward, who retired on October 1, 2011.  His nomination was part of a bipartisan package of nominees which included Robert Pitman and Robert William Schroeder III. He received a hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary for September 9, 2014. On November 20, 2014 his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote. On December 13, 2014 Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed a motion to invoke cloture on the nomination. On December 16, 2014, Reid withdrew his cloture motion on Mazzant's nomination, and the Senate confirmed Mazzant by voice vote. He received his federal judicial commission on December 19, 2014.

Mazzant had been mentioned as a potential nominee for a federal judgeship in the Federal Circuit by President Donald Trump.

Notable cases

On October 7, 2016, Mazzant conditionally dismissed securities fraud charges filed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission against Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton.

On November 22, 2016, Mazzant issued a nationwide injunction blocking a regulation by President Barack Obama attempting to adjust the maximum salary where overtime is required, which had not been raised in decades.

In 2016, a class action lawsuit was filed against Adeptus Health (as well as members of the Company’s board of directors, Sterling Partners, and the joint book-running managers in the Company’s secondary public offering of shares of its Class A common stock) by purchasers of its securities alleging that the company violated the federal securities laws and made false and/or misleading statements, failing to disclose its internal control over financial reporting and the overall status of its business operations. The case is Oklahoma Law Enforcement Retirement System v. Adeptus Health Inc., before Judge Mazzant, and is under Sections 11, 12(a)(2), and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as well as Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

September 8, 2017, Mazzant granted the NFLPA’s request for a temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction barring the NFL from imposing a six-game suspension on Dallas Cowboys running back Ezekiel Elliott. Mazzant found Elliott had not received a “fundamentally fair arbitration hearing”.

In February 2023, Mazzant was assigned Michael Irvin’s case against Marriott. Irvin filed a $100 million defamation lawsuit after Marriott decided not to share video requested by Irvin in his case against a female employee who claimed he was inappropriate with her during Super Bowl LVII week.

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1965 births
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
21st-century American lawyers
Texas lawyers
Baylor Law School alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
People from Ellwood City, Pennsylvania
Texas state court judges
United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama
United States magistrate judges
University of Pittsburgh alumni