title: Journal of Asia Adventist Seminary

text:
Journal of Asia Adventist Seminary (JAAS) is a refereed scholarly Christian journal published by the Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies. Formerly titled Asia Adventist Seminary Studies, it is issued twice a year from Silang, Cavite. The journal was founded in 1999 and currently has a circulation of 200 copies. AUSS publishes research articles and brief notes on the following topics: biblical archaeology and history of antiquity; Hebrew Bible; New Testament; church history of all periods; historical, biblical, and systematic theology; ethics; history of religion and mission; and selected research articles on ministry and Christian education.

Abstracts of Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies dissertations in religion are also published. Articles appear in English. Most of the articles are written by Seventh-day Adventist scholars, many of them Theological Seminary professors. However, subject to the refereeing process, JAAS accepts articles by authors of other persuasions. Since 2014 JAAS includes reviews of significant new scholarly books in the same areas as its research articles. Articles are indexed in several scholarly bibliographical works, among which are Religion Index One and Elenchus of Biblica.

Editors
 Edwin Reynolds (1998-2001)
 Kenneth Mulzac (2001-2005)
 Gerald Klingbeil (2006-2009)
 Mathilde Frey (2009-2014)
 Michael W. Campbell (2014–present)

See also

 Seventh-day Adventist Church
 Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies

References

External links
  official website
  official archives, 1998-2012

Christianity studies journals
Christian magazines
Seventh-day Adventist periodicals
Academic journals established in 1963


title: Hydroxydecanoic acid

text:
Hydroxydecanoic acid may refer to:

 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid
 Myrmicacin (3-hydroxydecanoic acid)


title: Teatro Princesa

text:
Teatro Princesa (English: Princess Theatre) was a theater in Valencia, Spain. Actor Lluís Nonell died during the play El diluvio que viene on 30 January 1982 from a sudden cardiac death.

History
It was designed by architect Jose Zacarias Camaña and opened in 1853. During the Spanish Civil War it was called Teatro Libertad. It was remodeled in 1956 by Miguel Sanchis.

The building was abandoned by 1990. In October 1999 it was occupied by squatters but was then evicted by the Policía Nacional. On 27 February 2009 it was destroyed by a fire.

References

Theatres in Spain
Buildings and structures in Valencia
Squats in Spain
Evicted squats


title: Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya

text:
Creeds of shia or Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya is one of the most important works of al-Shaykh al-Saduq; it presents a summary of all of the core tenets of the Shi'ite creed.

Subject
More than 200 separate works have been attributed to Ibn Bābawayh, although only a few are now extant. His Risālat al-iʿtiqādāt (Shīʿite Creed, 1942) is important for the study of the doctrinal development of Shīʿah. His works are still widely used wherever Twelver Shīʿī are found. the book include most important beliefs and theological subjects among Shia.

Features
Ebn Bābawayh wrote three creeds: probably his earliest at the beginning of his Hedāya, the present work  namely  the Creeds of shia or Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya, which is the longest, and another in his Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq) he wrote the creeds of Shia in Nishabur city.

Authenticity
As well as other books of sheikh sadouq, Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya  respected  by great jurists and theologian. The notification of great jurists and theologians to this book  is  for the sake of being translational and theological aspects of  his works.

Criticism
The book is criticized by Shaykh Al Mofid, the great pupil of al-Shaykh al-Saduq. Shaykh Al Mofid criticized  and corrected the opinions of his master all in all in six parts:
disagreement with holy Qur'an .
disagreement with other Hadith.
documentation of Hadith by reference to Weak Hadith.
incorrect attitudes of Hadith.
affection by other sects but Shia.
disagreement with Rules of Arabic Language.

titles of Parts of book
this book has 46 titles. this titles are as follow:
 Tract on The Beliefs of The Shi'a Imamiya
 The Belief of The Imamiya Concerning Tawhid
 Attributes Of (His) Essence And Of (His) Actions
 Belief Concerning Taklif (Responsibility)
 The Belief In Respect Of Human Actions
 Regarding the Denial of Both Constraint And Delegation
 The Belief Concerning (Allah's) Intention (Irada) And Will (Mashi'a)
 Concerning (qada') Destiny And Decree (qadar)
 Concerning Man's Original Nature (fitra) And His True Guidance (hidaya)
 Belief In The Capacity Of Human Beings (al-istita'a)
 Regarding the Source of Creation (mabda' )
 Concerning Abstention From Disputation (jadal) And Contention About Allah (mira')
 Concerning The Tablet (lawh) And The Pen (qalam)
 Regarding The Chair (Kursi)
 Concerning The Throne
 Concerning Souls (nufus) And Spirits (arwah )
 Concerning Death (mawt )
 Concerning The Questioning In The Grave
 Concerning Resurrection (Raj'a)
 Concerning Return (Ba'th) After Death
 Concerning The Pond (al-Hawd)
 Concerning Intersession (ash-shafa'a)
 Concerning The Promise (al-wa`d) And The Threat (al-wa'id)
 Concerning What is Written Against The Slave
 Concerning Justice (al-'adl)
 Concerning Purgatory (al-A'raf)
 Concerning The Bridge (as-Sirat)
 Passes On the Road to Mahshar
 Concerning The Reckoning (al-hisab) And The Scales (al-mawazin)
 Concerning The Garden (al-janna) And The Fire (an-nar)
 The Manner Of Descent Of Revelation (nuzulu'l-wahy)
 Revelation Of The Qur'an In The Night Of Power
 The Belief Concerning The Qur'an
 Concerning the Extent of The Qur'an
 Concerning Prophets Apostles, Imams And Angels
 The Number of Prophets And Vicegerents
 Concerning Infallibility ('isma)
 The Denial Of Excess And Delegation
 Belief Concerning Evil Doers
 Concerning Dissimulation (Taqiyya)
 The Ancestors Of The Prophet
 Concerning The Alids ('alawiya)
 Concerning Reports Detailed And Summary
 Concerning Prohibition And Permission
 Concerning The Reports Regarding Medicine
 Concerning Two Divergent Traditions

selected part
He says about The Manner Of Descent Of Revelation (nuzulu'l-wahy)
Says the Shaykh Abu Ja'far: Our belief concerning this is that there is a tablet between the two eyes of Israfil. Whenever Allah wishes to speak by way of revelation, the Tablet comes in contact with the forehead of Israfil, then he looks into it and reads what is in it. Israfil would then convey it to Mika'il and he in turn would convey it to Gabriel, and the angel Gabriel, would convey it to the prophets, on whom be peace.
And as for the fainting fit which would come upon the Prophet, it used to take place at the time of Allah's addressing him by reason whereof he would also feel a heaviness and perspire. But Gabriel, on account of respect for the Prophet, would never enter his presence until he sought permission, and he used to sit before him (the Prophet) in the manner of a slave.

References

External links
 al-islam.org English
 aghaed.com
 library.tebyan.net
 makarem.ir
 noorlib.ir
 hadith.net

Books about Islam
Shia theology books


title: EventPlan Limited

text:
EventPlan Limited was formed in 2000. It is a modest-sized UK-based historical events company that specializes in staging a limited number of living history and live re-enactment displays each year including for the National Trust, local councils and individual historic properties. It is directed by Eleanore Hill-Bruce since January 2016 with many years of previous event experience previously.

Events
EventPlan has been responsible for staging events including The Battle of Orgreave for Jeremy Deller, Artangel and Channel 4 in 2001. Although a live event (with just one brief break) The Battle of Orgreave was filmed in real time by Hollywood director Mike Figgis for Channel 4's programme of the same name. With a minimum of direction, Figgis' camera crews recorded the action as it unfolded around them, resulting in footage that is very similar to that taken during the actual clash in 1984.

Other events include The Roman Army and Chariot Experience (RACE) in Jerash, Jordan in 2005, and ancient to modern era and multi-period shows for the Army Benevolent Fund, British army and others.  During 2014 commemorative projects include Centenary Great War, 70th, and 75th anniversary World War Two displays.

The company has previously assisted with a number of TV and film productions which include the BBC series D-Day to Berlin, Historyonics presented by Nick Knowles and Brainiac: History Abuse and Tetley Beer's spoof "Gladiator" TV advert. They have also arranged post-production ancient Macedonian war chants for the movie Alexander.

References

External links

British companies established in 2000
Entertainment companies of the United Kingdom


title: Paraskev Stoyanov

text:
Paraskev Ivanchov Stoyanov (; ; January 30, 1871November 14, 1941) was a surgeon, anarchist, historian and professor. He is considered one of the fathers of Bulgarian and Romanian anarchism.

Biography
The son of Ivancho Stoyanov, a Bulgarian active militant for national liberation from Roussé, and Gabriela von Walter, a German woman, Paraskev was born on January 30, 1871, in the city of Giurgiu, Romania, where his father had fled to escape persecution from the Ottomans. Belonging to a wealthy environment, Paraskev Stoyanov enjoyed a solid education, he studied at Bucharest's "Saint Sava" high school and at medical universities in Romania, France and Switzerland. After primary school in Bucharest, he adhered to socialist ideas through high school, then to anarchism after reading Peter Kropotkin's pamphlet "An Appeal to the Young". Thus, in high school, he founded book clubs for students studying socialism and anarchism and began to spread anarchism among the workers in Romania, coming to be considered the father of anarchism in the country. He translated into Romanian Errico Malatesta's numerous pamphlets, including "For The Voters", "Between Peasants " and "Anarchy".

In 1890, he went to perfect his studies of medicine in Paris, and took part in an international conference of students and the publication of a libertarian manifesto with Italian libertarian socialist Francesco Saverio Merlino. Arrested the same day, then released on bail a few months later, he moved to Italy, then found refuge for a time in Switzerland, where he met the leading theorists of the anarchist movement: Peter Kropotkin and Élisée Reclus.

After graduating in medicine at Würzburg, Germany (1895), he became a professor of surgery in the first propaedeutics Medical Faculty in Sofia and wrote the first textbooks on surgery. In 1895, as a medical student, Stoyanov climbs Mt. Grand Combin, Switzerland, reaching , and was greeted by Aleko Konstantinov, who is considered a pioneer of Bulgarian alpinism. This is the first documented ascent of a Bulgarian to a height greater than 4000 m.

Stoyanov lived and worked in Varna between 1905 and 1918. There he established the Children Sea Sanatorium for Tuberculosis of  Bones and Joints which was the only one of its kind on the Balkan Peninsula. Originally it was located in inadequate sheds in the area of "Karantinata". In the sanatorium were admitted children from 3 to 15 years of age from all over Bulgaria with no differentiation in their social status. From all the children under treatment 95% either improved their condition or were fully recovered. Prof. Dr. Stoyanov gained a worldwide recognition as one of the founders of Thalassotherapy (Seawater Therapy) and Heliotherapy (Sun Treatment). He urged persistently, "Bulgarians should turn to the sea and start using its values!"

Today, as the founder of Bulgarian surgery, Paraskev is the namesake of the Medical University of Varna and Multi-profile Hospital for Active Treatment in Lovech. Streets in Pomorie and Varna also bear his name.

See also
Anarchism in Romania

References

1871 births
1941 deaths
Light therapy advocates
People from Giurgiu
Saint Sava National College alumni
Romanian anarchists
Romanian socialists
20th-century Bulgarian physicians
Bulgarian pediatricians
Bulgarian anarchists
Bulgarian surgeons
Bulgarian mountain climbers
Immigrants to Bulgaria
Romanian emigrants


title: Hasselborg Cabin

text:
The Hasselborg Cabin, also known as the Hasselborg Creek Cabin, is a backcountry shelter in the Admiralty Island National Monument, part of Tongass National Forest in Southeast Alaska.  It is one of a number of such facilities built by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) on the Admiralty Island Canoe Route between 1933 and 1937.  As built by the CCC, it was a three-sided Adirondack-style log shelter, timber-framed, and measuring about 12'6" by 10'6".  It is one of only two cabins built on the route that has a fireplace; it is built of brick and stone.  It is also distinctive for its floor, which is a concrete slab (apparently an original element), whereas most other cabins originally had dirt floors.  Its roof was originally wood shakes, but is now corrugated metal.  The front has subsequently been enclosed.

The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1937
Civilian Conservation Corps in Alaska
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Tongass National Forest
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska


title: Robby Maria & The Silent Revolution (album)

text:
Robby Maria & The Silent Revolution is the only studio album of the former Berlin based band Robby Maria & The Silent Revolution around singer-songwriter Robby Maria. It was released on 20 April 2012.

Origin
The Album was written by Robby Maria and drummer Anni Müller and recorded with Ben Hunt on electric guitar and Simon Birkholz on bass during Winter 2010/2011 in various studios all over Berlin and Nicosia. The tracks "9o1 Independence", "Cars & Highways", "Could've Been" und "Down By The Water", which Maria originally wrote with songwriter Stephan Metzner for the Poetry-Album 9o1 Independence on the Island of Cyprus were included as bonus tracks.

Track listing
all music composed by Robby Maria, except track 11-14 by Stephan Metzner. All lyrics by Robby Maria.
 The Spanish House – 1:50
 Immigrants – 2:22
 22nd Century Girl – 4:00
 Build Me A Woman – 3:44
 Nostradamus' Years – 3:12
 Break The Silence – 3:30
 Ship To Shore (Organ Version) – 2:43
 Like A Zombie – 3:57
 Surprise – 3:17
 Satellite City – 6:20
 9o1 Independence – 2:54
 Cars & Highways – 5:18
 Could've Been – 4:43
 Down By The Water – 3:14

Personnel
Anni Müller – drums, percussions
Ben Hunt - electric guitars, background vocals
Simon Birkholz - bass guitar, organ

Album Ratings
Marcel Peteroff wrote:"... i cannot deny an analogy to the early David Bowie plus an enormous originality that is hard to judge".
Blackbirds TV wrote"...extremely charismatic!"

References

2012 albums
Robby Maria albums


title: Mario H. Gottfried Gutiérrez

text:
Mario Héctor Gottfried Gutiérrez (September 7, 1919 – November 2, 1999,) was a businessman in the Mexican electric industry, and captain of the Air Force of the United States. Founder of a group of Mexican companies, such as Reliance de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., and Potencia Industrial, S.A.

Early years
His father, Enrique Guillermo Gottfried Zender, born in Peru to American parents, was an electrical engineer who had come to Mexico City in 1910 with the Westinghouse Company from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1918 he married Maria Gutiérrez Zertuche, a Mexican citizen, whose parents and grandparents were officers of the Mexican Army.

During his early years, Mario Gottfried attended the American School in Mexico City. Later, his father was offered a job in the German Siemens Electrical Company in the US, and the family moved in 1926 to New York City, where he grew up until the age of twenty-one.

Military career

In 1940, while attending Pratt Institute of Technology in New York, he applied to enter the USA Army Air Corps. Meanwhile, in early 1941, he joined the Army Infantry Center at Camp Upton, in Long Island, and at Camp Eustis, Virginia. During a stopover at Fort Shafter, Hawaii, on the way to the Philippines, he received his acceptance into the aviation cadet training program at Allan Hancock College of Aeronautics in Santa Maria, California. During his training at Air Force Bases in Merced, California, and Luke, Arizona, he used to fly BT-13's, P-36's and P-40's, for graduating later as a fighter pilot in April 1942.

He served in Alaska 11th Fighter Squadron and, between 1942 and 1943, was continually transferred between the 42 º and 54 º Troop Carrier Squadrons. Gottfried logged over one thousand hours of flight time during his missions in places like Naknek, Nome, Bethel, Dutch Harbor and the Aleutian Islands in the C45 (DC3). In 1943, he was awarded the Air Medal and Distinguished Flying Cross at the Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, for his great performance as a transport pilot in the Aleutian Islands during World War II.

Between 1944 and 1945, he was assigned to different U.S. Air Force Bases: Baer Field, Indiana; Grenada, Mississippi; Bergstrom in Austin, Texas; and then to Sedalia, Missouri. During his service in Sedalia, while he was instructor of instructors, he met Martha Joy Young and got married on January 29, 1945, in Glendale, Arizona. In late 1945, he retired from the U.S. Air Force, although years later he became president of the Air Force Reserve Officer Association in Mexico City and an active member of the Air Force Association.

Business career

In 1945, Mario Gottfried moved to Mexico City, where he collaborated with the business plan of his father, Enrique Gottfried, now a representative of American electrical manufacturers in Mexico. After the preliminary success, in 1958 they began to manufacture electric motors and generators as Reliance de Mexico, S.A., under the supervision of the Reliance Electric Company of Cleveland, Ohio. His brother, Gustavo C. Gottfried, also ex-aviator of World War II, joined them.

In 1968 they produced more power-generating equipment as Potencia Industrial, S.A., and in the early 70's, his children Mario and Carlos joined the company. Years later, the firm grew from making small motors of 1 to 50 horsepower (HP), to huge industrial motors and generators up to 10,000 HP. The enterprise also became a benchmark for wind and hydro-power industry, and uninterruptible power systems, after several patents in these technologies; as in the case of the "Hummingbird" or "Colibrí", a permanent magnet generator of 5 and 10 kilowatts (kW), in commerce since 1975. According to various publications, is "the first Mexican wind turbine, besides being a global pioneer in permanent magnet direct drive generators." By 1980, close to 600 units were exported to the United States and Canada.

The company, led by Mario Gottfried, continued to thrive in their operations until 1982, when the initial achievements were threatened by a severe financial crisis in Mexico that affected the industrial sector, which became even more acute with the process of economic aperture in 1988. The company manages to survive and in the early nineties continued to push ahead with manufacturing innovations, and celebrating contracts with recognized companies, such as Electric Products Company of Cleveland, Ohio; Alternative Energy Institute (AEI); Louis Allis Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Zond and Enron Wind; Federal Electricity Commission (CFE); Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex); and more.

Mario Gottfried died in Mexico City on November 2, 1999, at the age of 80, due to a brain tumor.

Family
His wife, the prominent landscape painter, Martha Joy Gottfried, died on January 10, 2014.

Mario H. Gottfried had 4 children. Mario Héctor, María Elena, Carlos Federico and Martha Cecilia. One of them, Carlos Gottfried Joy, is now president of Potencia Industrial, S.A.

Publications
The ABC of theory and application of polyphase electric motors in industry, 1983, coauthored with G.L. Oscarson, Grupo Fuerza.

Military awards
	In 1943 he receives Air medal and Distinguished Flying Cross at the Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.

Business awards
	In 1984, Reliance of Mexico, SA, is an active member of the National Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX).
	In 1993, Reliance of Mexico, S.A., receives Certificate of Reliable Supplier by Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX).
	In 1998, Reliance of Mexico, S.A, joined the National Accreditation System for Testing Laboratories of the Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (SECOFI)
	In 1999, Potencia Industrial, S.A, received Export Award by the Government of the Mexican Federal District.

References

1919 births
1999 deaths
Businesspeople from Mexico City
Mexican chief executives
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Medal
American aviators
Mexican people of American descent


title: One To One Midwives

text:
One To One Midwives was an independent midwifery company founded by Joanne Parkington, a midwife in Birkenhead.  The company was officially named One to One (North West) Ltd. On 29 July 2019, Joanne Parkington informed her staff the company would cease trading on 31 July 2019.

The company signed a contract to provide midwifery services with NHS Wirral in November 2011. The company provided a single midwife to see women through antenatal care, birth and postnatal care. Midwives working for the company were allowed to go into NHS hospitals to act as advocates of support if the woman chooses a hospital birth. One to One Midwives had a 33% home birth rate, compared to the National average of 2%. They aimed to ensure continuity of care.   It was alleged that the company misled women about their low rates of intervention, instrumental deliveries, Caesarean sections and stillbirths because those women were transferred to hospital for assistance when there was a problem.

One to One Midwives were available across Essex and the Northwest of England under Any Qualified Provider rules. In November 2017 the company celebrated the birth of its 10,000th baby since starting in 2011 on the Wirral.  More than 30% were born at home.

Two of their midwives were shortlisted for the 2019 MaMa awards.

Controversy
In October 2014, after the death of two babies, it was reported that NHS England had launched an investigation led by Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group. Andrew Gwynne MP, from Labour's shadow health team, said it was vital that the results were made public. He said that private providers are not subject to Freedom of Information laws. “If they are providing a public service, with public funds, for the benefit of the public, they should not be outside of scrutiny". The company claims that the report by the Manchester Evening News was misleading. The babies were born in hospital and died of natural causes, one at a few days old and one at a few weeks. The review performed by the Greater Manchester Clinical Commissioning Groups was not an investigation into the deaths but a quality review on the service that they provide. They say the article is a direct result of their challenging the “status quo” in relation to maternity services.

One to One Midwives responded to the article drafted by the Manchester Evening News, quoting: "In order to reassure those of you that may be receiving care from One to One I would like to correct a number of inaccuracies in the article. Both of the babies died of natural causes, one baby died at a few days old and one baby died at a few weeks. Both of the babies were born in hospital and there were no concerns raised about the care the mothers or babies had received from One to One. Following on from the sad events both families continued to receive care and support from their One to One midwives."

The company offices in Warrington had graffiti reading ‘not NHS’ scrawled on the shutters twice in May 2018.

In July 2020 the Warrington Guardian reported that the company had failed to pay bills to maternity units in Warrington, St Helens, Liverpool, Chester, Mid Cheshire and Wirral when they took over woman’s care when there were complications they couldn't handle.  The outstanding debts totalled more than £2.6 million. Between 2013 and 2019 the company was paid a total of £5,834,242 by Wirral Clinical Commissioning Group, the lead commissioner. Parkington called the CCG tariff ‘not viable or sustainable’ just before the company collapsed.

In 2022 NHS England produced a report critical of how NHS providers dealt with the company, noting a “them and us” culture, a lack of understanding about the service, and concerns that were often “unfounded” being raised about the service.

References

External links
One to One
Care Quality Commission

Private providers of NHS services
Midwifery organizations
Midwifery in the United Kingdom


title: Vista Spirit hybrid-class cruise ship

text:
The Vista Spirit hybrid-class cruise ship is the culmination of two cruise ship designs. Carnival Corporation had two competing and very similar ship designs, the  and . The Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri constructed Vista-class ships for Holland America and P&O Cruises and the Finnish STX shipbuilder built Spirit-class vessels for the Carnival and Costa brands. Both designs incorporated Azipods, and were Panamax ships around .

Background

The visual differences between the ships include:

 Vista-class ships had an external observation lift mid-ship on both sides of the ship, a wider forward and aft deck-width and a tiered forward section on the passenger cabin decks. Vista-class vessels also tend to have an additional upper deck just forward of the funnel.
 Spirit-class ships have an alternate wide-narrow-wide-narrow-wide deck width along their length and a flat forward section leading to the bow of the ship with small windows

Hybrid design
The hybrid design was first launched as Queen Victoria in 2007.

The hull, bow, and stern of the Vista Spirit hybrid class are identical; except for Queen Victoria which differs in some details.

Ships in class

Cruise ship classes
Fincantieri


Fink Meets the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra is the second live album to be released by British band Fink. It was released globally by Ninja Tune on 14 October 2013.

Background
In October 2011 Fink were approached by the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of the Netherlands, and Dutch classical music charity Entree, to perform with the orchestra on the traditional Queen's night concert the following year. The concert took place on 29 April 2012 at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, and featured classical pieces chosen by the band, along with exclusive arrangements of 6 songs from across Fink's catalogue, scored by Jules Buckley of the Heritage Orchestra. Also performed was Buckley's arrangement of Henry Purcell's "What Power Art Thou", sung by Greenall. Claudia Cuypers of OOR stated that "the orchestra gives [Fink's] songs a new, unexpected power and lightness... in this hall his songs become complete, even though you'd thought they already were."

The orchestra commissioned a special iPad application for the event, on which worldwide viewers could stream audio and video footage of the concert live, in real time: the first time such an application has been used for this purpose in the Netherlands.

The following year, it was decided to release the highlight of the concert as a live album. The recordings, made by Dutch producer Joost Dellebarre, were finessed by Fink and the band's live sound engineer, Rob Kamer.

Track listing
All songs written by Fin Greenall, Tim Thornton and Guy Whittaker except as noted.

 "Berlin Sunrise" – 6:37
 "Yesterday Was Hard on All of Us" – 5:37
 "What Power Art Thou" (Henry Purcell) – 3:14
 "The Infernal Machine" (Christopher Rouse) – 6:01
 "Wheels" – 5.06
 "This Is the Thing" (Fink/B. Mackichan) - 6:04
 "The Unanswered Question" (Charles Ives) – 6:57
 "Perfect Darkness" – 8:14
 "Sort of Revolution" – 9:56

Personnel

Fin Greenall – Vocals, acoustic guitars, sound effects ("FX")
Guy Whittaker – Electric & acoustic bass
Tim Thornton – Drums, electric guitar
Jules Buckley - Arrangements
Ivan Meylemans - Conductor
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra

Chart performance

References

2013 live albums
Fink (singer) albums
Ninja Tune albums


title: William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe

text:
William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe (27 September 1841 – 19 January 1912) was an English Conservative Party politician.

Jolliffe was educated at Eton. He served in the Scots Guards and the North Somerset Yeomanry. He was the Member of Parliament for Petersfield from 1874 to 1880. He resided at 17 Lowndes Square when Parliament was siting and Heath House, Petersfield when it was in recess.

References

External links

A disgruntled petitioner

1841 births
1912 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1874–1880
People educated at Eton College
North Somerset Yeomanry officers
Scots Guards officers
People from Petersfield
William


title: George Simkins Jr.

text:
Dr. George Simkins Jr. (August 23, 1924 – November 21, 2001) was a dentist, community leader in Greensboro, North Carolina, and civil rights activist.  During the 1950s, he won several significant desegregation lawsuits and was, for a quarter of a century, the president of the Greensboro branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Beginning in 1955, Simkins used the courts and local referendums to compel the desegregation of recreational facilities, schools, and hospitals and end discrimination in the delivery of public housing, banking services, and city services.

Background
Simkins was born in Greensboro, North Carolina, on August 23, 1924, the first child of George C. Simkins Sr., a dentist and community leader, and Guyrene Tyson Simkins, an educator. He grew up in sports and was a natural athlete, and was even a nationally ranked badminton player. Simkins attended Dudley High School in Greensboro before matriculating into Herzl Junior College in Chicago, and then Talladega College, from which he graduated. He earned his dentistry degree from Meharry School of Dentistry in 1948 and completed his rotating internship at Jersey City Medical Center. Simkins opened a private dentistry practice upon returning to Greensboro and joined the Guilford County Health Department, becoming the first African American employed there.

Gillespie Golf Course

In 1940, the city of Greensboro constructed a golf course using public funds - 65 percent of which were provided by the federal government – as part of the Works Progress Administration. The course was opened in 1949 by the city of Greensboro as a public facility exclusively for whites. In 1955, Simkins decided to challenge the city council's segregation rule by going to the Gillespie Park course to play. On December 7, 1955, the same week the Montgomery bus boycott was launched in the wake of Rosa Park's defiance of bus segregation, he and five others went to the Gillespie Park course where they presented green fees, but were not given permission to play – they were told the Gillespie Park Golf Course was a private course for members only. Simkins placed seventy-five cents, the green fee for the course, on the counter and proceeded to the course after insisting on his right to play. The manager approached Dr. Simkins and his five companions and demanded they leave, but they refused and continued to play.

That night, Simkins and the five other players were arrested and charged with trespassing. On February 6, 1956, all six men were convicted of simple trespass and fined fifteen dollars and court costs.  They appealed to the Superior Court, and were found guilty in December 1956. The trespass charges were finally thrown out by the North Carolina State Supreme Court in June 1957.

In a second trial, which was ordered because the arrest warrants had been altered to call Gillespie a "club" rather than a "course", a list of everyone who played at Gillespie was obtained. Two members of the all-white jury were on the list. The judge imposed a maximum 30-day sentence. Before the appeal to the state Supreme Court, middle district judge Johnson J. Hayes of North Wilkesboro gave the 6 a declaratory judgment, calling the "so-call lease" as a private facility invalid.

"To hold otherwise would open a Pandora's box by which governmental agencies could deprive citizens of their constitutional rights by the artifice of a lease," Hayes wrote in his opinion.  Hayes ruled that the plaintiffs were unlawfully denied access to use Gillespie Park and "this was done solely due to the color and race of plaintiffs" and said he intended to open the golf course to all citizens. "The golf club permits white people to play without being members, except it requires the prepayment of green fees", he wrote. "The plaintiffs here paid their fees, were forced off the course by being arrested for trespass. Everybody knows this was done because the plaintiffs were Negroes and for no other reason.  This court cannot ignore it." The statement and evidence, however, were left out of the record presented to the state Supreme Court, which denied the criminal appeal.  The case, Wolfe v. North Carolina, was presented to the U. S. Supreme Court in 1958, which ruled 5-4 against the Gillespie 6. "Chief Justice Earl Warren and the rest of the justices couldn't understand why something so important was left out of the record", Simkins said. Thurgood Marshall (director –general for the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund) said "George, your lawyers ought to be the ones going to jail instead of us the way they screwed the case up." A strong dissenting opinion by Chief Justice Warren prompted North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges to commute the jail sentences of the five surviving plaintiffs.

After the clubhouse was burned two weeks before Judge Hayes' order to integrate the course, the Fire Marshall condemned the entire facility. Greensboro's City Council voted to go out of the recreation business, eventually selling the property on which nine of the holes were built. It took seven years, a campaign to vote in a completely new City Council and the pleading of the entire community, including former pro Ernie Edwards, to get Gillespie reopened. On December 7, 1962, the nine remaining holes at Gillespie welcomed golfers again. Simkins was the first man to tee off.

Simkins et al. v. Greensboro

In October 1956, while the initial trespass case was still active, Dr. Simkins filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina against the City of Greensboro for racial discrimination in maintaining a public golf course for white citizens only. Simkins et al. v. Greensboro was filed by Dr. Simkins as head of the local chapter of the NAACP, and he was joined by nine others, including the five golfers who had joined him in December 1955.  On March 20, 1957, the court ruled in favor of Simkins, stating in the opinion that the city of Greensboro could not escape its legal duties to provide equal privileges to all citizens to enjoy city functions. The case was immediately appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which affirmed the District Court's ruling and ordered the city to discontinue operating the course on a segregated basis.

Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital

In the early 1960s, only nine hospitals existed for African Americans in North Carolina, and most were overcrowded and offered inadequate healthcare. According to historian Karen Thomas, "Most hospitals in North Carolina and throughout the South did not accept black patients on an equal basis and did not allow black physicians to admit patients or train as interns."  Even though most North Carolina hospitals were privately operated, some accepted state and federal funds and that implicated possible government discrimination. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital was one of two Greensboro hospitals that had received state and federal funds via the 1946 Hill-Burton Hospital Survey and Construction Act.   After his patient had been denied by the Cone and Long Hospitals, George discovered that the same facilities had been built with federal funding. This fact opened a pathway for a possible legal remedy. Because the hospitals had accepted government funds they were not strictly private, George and other plaintiffs filed their suit on these grounds. In addition, the plaintiffs alleged that Public Health Service Regulations providing separate-but-equal services violated the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. The NAACP assisted the plaintiffs as they gained support behind their petition, and the activist group hired Conrad Pearson, an NAACP attorney from Durham, to file the petition to federal district court. On December 5, 1962, the U.S. District Court of the Fourth Circuit decided in the hospitals' favor. Judge Stanley contended that Moses H. Cone and Wesley Long were both private hospitals, not government entities. Relying on The Civil Rights Cases (1883) reasoning, Judge Stanley opined that the two hospitals had a right to discriminate if they chose to.

Even though the plaintiffs lost, they appealed to the U.S Court of Appeals, and in November 1963, the court overruled the previous court's decision. The appellate court found that the hospitals had violated the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments because they were connected to the government through the Hill-Burton funds. In addition, the court found that the two Greensboro hospitals had violated the Constitution. Although the black health facilities were separate from white hospitals they most definitely were not equal.

After their loss, the hospitals filed a petition to the U.S. Supreme Court. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy filed a brief for Simkins and the other plaintiffs, but the Supreme Court denied the case. According to Karen Kruse Thomas, the Simkins v. Cone (1963) "decision marked the first time that federal courts applied the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit racial discrimination by a private entity" (Encyclopedia of N.C., p. 1038). The year after the Simkins decision, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially prohibiting private discrimination in public places. Heralded by many as a landmark case, Simkins became the Brown v Board of Education decision for hospitals. Between 1963 and 2001, there were over 260 references to Simkins in other legal decisions, more than any other case involving hospital racial discrimination.

Wachovia Bank Picketing
In the spring of 1964, Simkins helped start a movement in Greensboro to gain African-Americans "consideration for non-traditional jobs on basis of ability and for on-the-job training" in order to "afford equal employment opportunity" by organizing picketing of Wachovia Bank for job discrimination. Wachovia maintained that it "hired on the basis of merit", yet employed no African-Americans in any of their Greensboro offices. Picketing began on April 28, 1964, and ended just forty-eight hours later with the hiring of two African-American tellers. In a letter to Wachovia, George noted that Wachovia was able to "find the qualified Negros it had been unable to locate during the last two years" when he had first broached the topic Wachovia's discriminatory practices as head of the Greensboro NAACP.

References

1924 births
2001 deaths
American dentists
African-American dentists
American civil rights activists
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
NAACP activists
Activists from North Carolina
20th-century dentists
20th-century African-American people


title: Georges Duperron

text:
Georges Aleksandrovich Duperron (), born 24 September 1877, died 23 July 1934, was a Russian sports journalist, football organizer and one of the founders of the Olympic movement in Russia. He was of French descent.

Duperron was a footballer who played at the first ever football match in Russia. It was arranged on 24 October 1897 in Saint Petersburg. In 1901, he was one of the organizers of the first Russian football league, the St Petersburg Football League. After the establishment of the Russian Olympic Committee in 1911, Duperron was elected as its first secretary. From 1913 to 1915, he was a member of the International Olympic Committee. Duperron was also the first manager of the Russian Empire national football team as the team participated in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Duperron published more than 30 books about football, athletics, gymnastics and winter sports. He wrote articles for the sport magazines Samokat, Le Cycliste and Sport.

His wife, Margarita Matveevna Duperron (Charskaya), born in 1908, a native of Vladivostok, not affiliated with any political party, after the death of her husband she lived at his expense, address: Leningrad, Zagorodny pr., 34, apt. 6. Arrested on January 18, 1938. On June 18, 1938, by the Commission of the NKVD and the USSR Prosecutor's Office, she was sentenced under Art. 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to capital punishment. Shot in Leningrad on July 9, 1938.

References

External links

1877 births
1934 deaths
Writers from Saint Petersburg
Russian people of French descent
Journalists from the Russian Empire
Russian male journalists
Male writers from the Russian Empire
Football managers from the Russian Empire
Russian International Olympic Committee members


title: Vellaikaara Durai

text:
Vellakkaara Durai () is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Ezhil. The film stars Vikram Prabhu, Sri Divya, Soori, and John Vijay. The film commenced shoot from May 2014. The film opened to mostly mixed-to-negative review from critics, and it was hit at box office.

Plot

Police Pandi (Soori), the owner of a real estate agency, borrows 15 lakhs from Vatti Varadhan (John Vijay), a local rowdy and don, to start his business. Murugan (Vikram Prabhu) is Pandi's assistant, and he gives the media an advertisement in which he persuades people to buy land from 'his' company, making many people persuaded from it. A billionaire wants to buy all the land, and when he is about to sign the papers, they find out that the land is actually a graveyard, causing the billionaire to not buy the land. When Pandi and Murugan are in a bar drinking alcohol, a call comes on Pandi's phone. Murugan answers it, thinking that it was the broker who sold them the land, but it was actually Varadhan. Murugan talks to Varadhan in foul language, and when he ends the call, Pandi tells him that it was actually Varadhan. He then goes to another table and asks a man for some booze. The whole group befriends the man, who is mute.

The next morning, they find themselves in Varadhan's house, where it is just like jail. There are many people who work there because they could not give back the money they borrowed. They all end up working there, except for Murugan, who saved Varadhan when a few men tried to kill him, causing him to become his supervisor. One day, a worker in there gets to go home, revealing to the others that 'Chinnamma' lets some people go. When Murugan inquires about her to Pandi, he tells him that she is Varadhan's sister. Murugan then goes to her room and threatens her to let them go as well, but when he sees 'Chinnamma', whose real name is Yamuna (Sri Divya), Murugan immediately falls for her and starts wooing her, but she does not accept him. One day, Varadhan arranges for his engagement, and Murugan and Pandi start arranging everything. When the Iyar Swamji asks them to bring the bride, Murugan gets shocked seeing Yamuna as the bride. When Pandi asks Varadhan's servants why they brought Varadhan's sister, they revealed that she is not his sister and is the woman that he has been waiting to marry. Murugan drinks booze after hearing this but then sees Yamuna escaping. Yamuna and Murugan get on a lorry, and Yamuna reveals why she escaped.

Yamuna's mother died when she was five years old, and her father Manickam (Gnanavel) looked after her. Manickam takes care of the people's problems, considers them as his own, and helps them. He promises the men that he will give Varadhan the money they borrowed, and helps them. One day, Manickam dies, and no one helps Yamuna give Varadhan the money that Manickam promised to give. Varadhan gives her an idea by saying that if she marries him, she will not need to give the money, so Yamuna reluctantly agrees. Murugan then asks if she needs any help, but Yamuna refuses, and they separate. Somehow, Varadhan finds them and hits Murugan unconscious. He forcefully takes Yamuna with him and arranges their marriage. However, the man who is unable to speak, later revealed to be a terrorist, dies, and their marriage stops. Yamuna sees Murugan, hugs him, and asks him to kill Varadhan and stop the marriage. Murugan agrees and plans to kill him, but everything does not go according to plan. Murugan and Pandi stop the wedding by saying that there is a bomb attached to Pandi and it will explode. Some terrorists kidnap Varadhan. It turns out that the bomb on Pandi isn't a dummy one but the real thing. Everyone escapes the house except Pandi. Yamuna and Murugan are united together by quarreling. In the end, the bomb explodes and Pandi is launched up like a rocket.

Cast

Production
Ezhil and Vikram Prabhu agreed terms to begin a film project in November 2013 for producer Anbu, adding that the shoot would start in early 2014. The shoot of the film began in April 2014 in Thanjavur with Vikram reportedly playing a singer, while Sri Divya, Soori, John Vijay and M. S. Bhaskar were added to the cast. The film was titled as Vellaikaara Durai in June 2014.

Soundtrack

Music was composed by D. Imman, collaborating with Ezhil for the third time after Manam Kothi Paravai and Desingu Raja. The soundtrack contains 4 songs. 3 songs were written by Yugabharathi and 1 song were written by Vairamuthu. The album was released on 9 December 2014 at Suryan FM Radio station and received mixed reviews. Behindwoods rated the album 2.5/5 stating "Vellaikaara Durai is a neat album where Imman plays it very safe.". Sify rated the album 2.5/5 stating "Imman has a forgettable outing"

Critical reception
The Hindu wrote, "The film takes a story template and incorporates into it one ridiculous joke after another...To be fair, the film only tries to deliver on what it promises — a laugh riot with all the masala elements to satisfy the B and C centres", with the critic concluding that "Vellaikaara Durai could be the secret pleasure you would never admit to have enjoyed". Sify wrote, "The problem with Vellaikara Durai is that the actors try too hard to be funny but the writing does not offer anything new", going on to call it an "average comedy entertainer which might appeal to audience who never expect logic but only mindless comedies".

References

External links

2014 films
2010s Tamil-language films
2014 romantic comedy-drama films
Films directed by Ezhil
Indian romantic comedy-drama films


title: Little York Road

text:
Little York Road is the longest street in Houston, Texas consisting of three segments totaling 30.5 miles. The main segment runs east–west in the northern part of Harris County from Mesa Road in Houston to just west of Fry Road in Katy, spanning about 29.4 miles long  and is known as West Little York Road on some parts westwards. Its major junctions include US Highway 290 (US 290), Hardy Toll Road, State Highway 6 (SH 6), US 59, Interstate 45 (I-45) and the Sam Houston Parkway.

The proposed extension of the main segment (east-west) would go from Westgreen Blvd (its current western terminus) to Porter Road.

The middle segment of the street, referred to as "East Little York Road," is a short, east–west path from C.E. King Parkway and curves into Churchill Oaks Ln. This portion is 0.8 miles long.

The east segment begins at the North Sam Houston Parkway and concludes at Pineland Road at Sheldon Lake. This is the shortest of the three segments at 0.3 miles long.

A proposed expansion of Little York Road from John Ralson Road to North Sam Houston Parkway would interconnect the "middle" and "east" segments.

References

Roads in Houston
Streets in Texas


title: Sophia Bardina

text:
Sophia Illarionovna Bardina (15 May 1853 Morshansk, Russia - 26 April 1883, Geneva, Switzerland) was a revolutionary from the Russian Empire.

Biography
She was born to a violent father, and turned to her studies for solace. Her family were landowners in Tver province, so she decided to study agronomy so that she could farm the land, rather than live off peasant labour. Bardina went to Moscow and became friends with Olga Liubatovich. Together, they went to study in Zurich., where Bardina was a leading figure in the Fritsche circle of young feminist Russian students, among whom she was known as 'Auntie', "on account of her reliability and diplomatic talents." It was she who introduced Vera Figner and her sister Lydia to radical political ideas. Vera Figner was later the most famous terrorist at large in Russia.

In 1873, the Russian government ordered all women students in Zurich to return home. Bardina returned to Moscow, and in 1874, and obtained a job in a factory, hoping to recruit workers for the revolutionary movement. She was arrested in 1875 and spent two years in prison in Moscow. and was a defendant at the Trial of the 50, alongside Olga Lyubatovich, Lydia Figner, Pyotr Alexeyev and others. In court, she delivered a defiant speech that was deleted from the record of the trial. She was sentenced to 10 years hard labour, later commuted to exile in Siberia. She escaped in 1880 and returned to Switzerland, where she fell seriously ill and died by suicide.

Quotes
"Yes, we are anarchists, but, for us, anarchy does not signify disorder, but harmony in all social relations; for us, anarchy is nothing but the negation of oppressions which stifle the development of free societies."

References

External links

An online biography of Sophia Bardina by John Simkin.

The book  contains a biography of Bardina written in Odia in 1958

1853 births
1883 deaths
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland
Feminists from the Russian Empire
Narodniks
People from Tambov
Revolutionaries from the Russian Empire

Suicides by firearm in Switzerland
Female revolutionaries
Anarchists from the Russian Empire


title: The Blue Room (Picasso)

text:
The Blue Room () is a 1901 oil on canvas painting by Pablo Picasso, which he painted during his Blue Period. It depicts a scene of a nude woman bending over in a bath tub. A hidden painting was revealed beneath the surface by x-ray images and infra-red scans, showing a portrait of a bearded man. The painting has been housed in The Phillips Collection, in Washington D.C. since 1927.

Background
The Blue Room is considered to be one of the earliest examples of a work from Picasso's Blue Period. This was an important period in his life, when he moved to Paris from Barcelona and showed his paintings at his first solo exhibition at the Vollard Gallery in 1901. Picasso's Blue Period is defined by the artist's preoccupation with images of human suffering, a subject matter that he conveyed in shades of blue.

This was a period of great emotional turmoil for the young artist. Throughout these early years, beginning in 1901, when Picasso was just 19 years old, he lived in poverty in Paris as a struggling artist. He also experienced the loss of his close friend, the Spanish poet Carles Casagemas, who committed suicide by shooting himself in the head at a dinner party. Picasso felt the loss of his friend deeply and this tragic event is considered to have been a major influence on his artwork which became dominated by sombre blue and green hues. Picasso said to his friend Pierre Daix, "It was thinking about Casagemas that got me started painting in blue". During his Blue Period, Picasso favoured creating portraits of the poor, lonely and suffering, such as prostitutes, destitute people and intoxicated people from the street, and his paintings were designed to convey the hardship endured by the subject. This period of pessimism would later be replaced by a more positive era known as his Rose Period.

Description
The Blue Room depicts a scene of a nude woman in the process of bathing. The painting's title reflects the predominant use of blue shades throughout the painting.

The image of the woman's bedroom is particularly notable, as it offers some insight into Picasso's own living quarters at the time. The setting for this painting was Picasso's own studio apartment, situated at 130 boulevard de Clichy. The apartment was located on the top floor and was extremely small, consisting of just two rooms. The Blue Room presents a visual idea of the interior of this apartment and the view from the window. The painting shows that the studio was also used as a living room, bedroom and bathroom. Several pictures can be seen hanging on the walls of the apartment, including a seascape, reflecting Picasso's growing number of canvases and general disorder in real life.

The composition was influenced by works by Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, which is illustrated by the poster May Milton (1895) by Toulouse-Lautrec, seen hanging on the wall in the painting.

Hidden painting
Since the 1950s, there had been speculation that the painting had something hidden beneath its surface, after a conservator at The Philips Collection noticed inconsistencies in the brushwork. A hidden painting was later confirmed in 1997 by x-ray images. When infra-red scans were carried out on the painting in 2008, a portrait of a bearded man wearing a bow tie was revealed beneath the surface. The man is depicted in a seated position, with his right hand touching his cheek. In 2014, art experts from The Phillips Collection, the National Gallery of Art, Cornell University, and Winterthur Museum consolidated their research and concluded that Picasso had painted both images in haste in the summer of 1901.

Picasso painted The Blue Room at a period in his life when he was still a struggling, impoverished artist. Although he was a prolific artist in his youth, his melancholy blue paintings of poor people did not create much interest from buyers. He could not, therefore, afford to purchase new canvases for every new idea and instead reused existing ones.

Technical analysis
In 2017, a research report was published following a comprehensive technical study of the painting. The study used multiple methods, including the microanalysis of paint samples, reflectance imaging spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence mapping to analyse the materials used and the structure of the paint layers. The investigation confirmed the existence of the hidden portrait beneath the surface layer and specifically, identified a red flower located on the white shirt of the man in the earlier portrait, which could be used to identify the subject.

A visual examination revealed that the existing painting was thinly painted over a heavier texture of underlying paint layers. Patches in areas of the painting reveal other colours that are visible beneath the surface. These pre-existing colours suggest that Picasso painted over the previous painting without applying an intermediate ground layer. The visible texture of hidden brushstrokes suggests that the original painting was finished and dry when Picasso painted over it. There was also a lack of varnish and dirt between the layers, which suggests that Picasso painted the second composition soon after the first, within the space of a few months.

Further analysis showed that Picasso employed a wide palette of vivid pigments in the composition, including vermilion, viridian, chrome yellow, and cadmium yellow. He used predominantly Prussian blue for the blue areas, mixed with zinc white to apply a variety of blue tones to the painting.

Significance and legacy
Patricia Favero, associate conservator at The Phillips Collection, remarked, "This painting 'The Blue Room' is very important in (Picasso's) early work. It's considered an early Blue Period painting. To find this painting underneath - which we think was painted in the same year, just earlier in the year and it's completely different in style - it gives us some insight into Picasso's development over the course of that year."

See also
 La Gommeuse
 Femme aux Bras Croisés
 The Old Guitarist
 List of Picasso artworks 1901–1910
 1901 in art

References

Sources
 McQuillan, Melissa. “Picasso, Pablo.” Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online. Accessed 23 March 2015
 Schneider, Daniel E. “The Painting of Pablo Picasso: A Psychoanalytic Study.” College Art Journal 7, no. 2(Winter, 1947): 82.

External links
 The Blue Room at The Phillips Collection

Paintings by Pablo Picasso
1901 paintings
Bathing in art
Paintings in Washington, D.C.
Portraits of women
Paintings of Montmartre


title: 2007 Teen Choice Awards

text:
The 2007 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 26, 2007, at the Gibson Amphitheatre, Universal City, California. The event was hosted by Hilary Duff and Nick Cannon with Kelly Clarkson, Avril Lavigne, Fergie, and Shop Boyz as performers. Justin Timberlake received the Ultimate Choice Award.

Performers
Avril Lavigne – "Girlfriend"
Kelly Clarkson – "Never Again"
Fergie – "Big Girls Don't Cry"
Shop Boyz – "Party Like a Rockstar"

Presenters
Megan Fox and Dwayne Johnson • Presented Choice Comedy TV Actor
Ryan Reynolds and Nikki Blonsky • Presented Choice Breakout Movie Actor
Jonas Brothers and Miley Cyrus • Presented Choice R&B Track
Sum 41 • Introduced Avril Lavigne
Jared Padalecki • Presented Choice TV Movie
Eve and David Spade • Presented Choice Movie Hissy Fit
Ashley Jensen and America Ferrera • Presented Choice Male Hottie and Choice Female Hottie
David Boreanaz and Emily Deschanel • Introduced Kelly Clarkson
Michael Cera, Jonah Hill, and Christopher Mintz-Plasse • Presented Ultimate Choice
Jason Lee and Justin Long • Presented Choice Comedian
Apolo Anton Ohno and Jordin Sparks • Presented Choice V-Cast Video
Chingy, Ludacris, and Greg Oden • Presented Choice Comedy Movie Actress
Adrianne Palicki and Taylor Kitsch • Presented Choice Comedy TV Actress
Keke Palmer and Emmy Rossum • Introduced Fergie
Jessica Alba and Dane Cook • Presented Choice Summer Movie: Comedy
Bow Wow and Omarion • Presented Choice Action Movie
Ashlee Simpson • Presented Choice Summer TV Show

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold text.

Movies

Television

Music

Miscellaneous

References

2007
2007 awards
2007 in American music
2007 in California
2000s in Los Angeles
August 2007 events


title: 2013–14 Belarusian Extraliga season

text:
The 2013–14 Belarusian Extraliga season was the 22nd season of the Belarusian Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Belarus. Ten teams participated in the league this season: Neman Grodno, Yunost Minsk, Shakhtar Soligorsk, HK Gomel, Metallurg Zhlobin, Khimik-SKA Novopolotsk, HK Lida, HK Brest, HK Vitebsk, and HK Mogilev.

First round

Second round

Group A

Group B

Playoffs

External links
Official site
Season on hockeyarchives.info

References

bel
Belarusian Extraleague seasons
Extraleague


title: St Mary Church Road railway station

text:
St Mary Church Road railway station was a railway station in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales.

Description
The station was one of the three original stations opened on the Cowbridge and Aberthaw Railway. It served the village of St Mary Church, which was about a mile to the west, and also served a number of other smaller settlements, none of which were particularly close to the railway. The station consisted of a single platform with a building of red and yellow bricks. It was of a similar design to the one at Cowbridge, but smaller. It had a goods-loop opposite the platform. The  station was fully signalled and the signal box was located on the platform beside the passenger building. St Mary Church Road was the only station on the Cowbridge-Aberthaw line to be signaled. The remainder of the line was worked on the 'one engine in steam' principle.

History
Like the rest of the stations between Cowbridge and Aberthaw Low Level, St Mary Church Road was underused from the outset. The signal box was closed in 1900 and the station was without signals from then on. The loop was retained as a siding and new ground-frames were added to control it.

Closure
The passenger service ended in 1930. Goods facilities lasted for another two years but they themselves were very meagre. Goods came mostly from private sidings, but by the 1930s, the limeworking facilities at Aberthaw and Greldaw were closed. The Aberthaw Cement Works sent most of its traffic by the Vale of Glamorgan Line and the limeworks at St Athan sent only small amounts of traffic by rail. By 1932, the station handled just a small amount of agricultural traffic. The Great Western Railway duly closed the station on 1 November 1932. After closure,  the stationmaster, Mr Billy Lewis, was transferred to Ystradowen.

The site today
Although most traces of the station are gone, the red and yellow station building and signal box are still in situ. The site is  now used for agricultural purposes.

Notes

References

 Hall, M. (2009). Lost Railways of South Wales. Countryside Books

Disused railway stations in the Vale of Glamorgan
Former Taff Vale Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1892
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1930


title: Government Polytechnic College Anantnag

text:
Government Polytechnic College Larkipora Anantnag is a college located in Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, and affiliated with the Jammu and Kashmir Department of Technical Education.

The college was established in 2012 under the centrally sponsored scheme “Setting up new Polytechnics” by the Ministry of Human Resources Development within the government of India. It has a campus of around 9.5 acres at Larkipora and is an AICTE-approved college for polytechnic and government institution. The J&K State Board of Technical Education is situated at Larkipora, Dooru, Anantnag, Jammu And Kashmir. This college offers polytechnic diploma courses in India, offering ITI courses for technical education. Eligibility for admission may depend on state entrance exams.

History
The college was established in 2012 by the Jammu and Kashmir Government "to impart technical skills and expertise in the state's bright and young aspiring minds." The college admits approximately 120 students per year.

References

External links
Official Website

Engineering colleges in Jammu and Kashmir
Anantnag


title: Yellow-star house

text:
The yellow-star houses were a network of almost 1,950 designated compulsory places of residence for around 220,000 Budapest Jews from 21 June 1944 until late November 1944. Both the houses and their residents were obliged to display the yellow star by Budapest mayoral decree.

Unique in the Holocaust

Although houses reserved for Jews were occasionally marked in Germany, and Nazi-occupied France and the Netherlands, the Hungarian legal prescription of marking all Budapest houses in which Jews were obliged to reside with a yellow star was unique in the history of the Holocaust.

Antecedents

A series of anti-Jewish laws and decrees introduced from 1938 onwards gradually excluded Jews from participation in intellectual professions, banned marriages and sexual relations between Jewish men and non-Jewish women, and designated individuals as ‘Jewish’ on the basis of family lineage, thus defining those who had converted to Christianity as Jews.

On 25 November 1940, Hungary joined the Axis, and declared war on the Soviet Union on 27 June 1941.

Jewish men and others defined as ‘politically unreliable’ were conscripted for forced labour in auxiliary roles from 1941 onward. By 1942, tens of thousands of Jewish forced labourers had been sent to the Eastern Front to face arduous conditions.

In a bid to stop her wartime ally from leaving the war, Germany troops occupied Hungary on 19 March 1944. Former Hungarian ambassador to Berlin Döme Sztójay was appointed Prime Minister by Regent Miklós Horthy, and Adolf Eichmann and his commando also arrived in Budapest on the same day.

From 5 April 1944, all individuals defined as Jewish and over the age of six were obliged to wear a 10 x 10 cm yellow Star of David on their outer clothing.

In May 1944, the Hungarian Interior Ministry limited Jews’ access to bath houses, hotels, restaurants and cinemas, and prescribed certain times of day when Jews were allowed to buy rationed groceries.

Creation of the yellow-star houses

On 16 June 1944, with the aim of forcibly relocating and concentration the Jewish community of Budapest, which just under one-quarter of the city’s population Ákos Farkas, the mayor of Budapest issued the first decree and a list of over 2,600 designated yellow-star houses. The deadline for moving in was midnight on 21 June 1944.

A second Budapest mayoral decree issued on 24 June 1944 attached a final list of 1,944 designated yellow-star houses.

In the intervening period, residents submitted petitions to Budapest Metropolitan Council: non-Jews wanted their houses removed from the list, while Jewish residents wanted their houses added. Compared to the first June 16 list of houses, the second list contained far fewer houses on the western Buda side of the Danube.

Mass relocation was overseen by the police and the Jewish Council in Hungary.

The 1,944 yellow-star houses functioned as compulsory places of residence for Budapest Jews until late November 1944 when, following the Arrow Cross takeover of power on 15 October 1944, Jews were moved into the 7th district ghetto, or to a ‘protected’ house in the 13th district, where neutral states in World War II (Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, and the Vatican), as well as the Italian diplomat Giorgio Perlasca, and the International Committee of the Red Cross provided protection for those holding protection documents in 119 ‘protected’ houses, 98 of which were also yellow-star houses.

Further reading
Nick Barlay, Scattered Ghosts: One Family’s Survival Through War, Holocaust and Revolution (London: IB Tauris, 2013)

Tim Cole, Holocaust City: The Making of a Jewish Ghetto (London and New York: Routledge, 2003)

Zsuzsanna Ozsváth, When the Danube Ran Red (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2010)

Máté Rigó, 'Ordinary Women and Men: Superintendents and Jews in the Budapest yellow-star houses in 1944-1945’, Urban History, vol. 40, no. 1., February 2013, pp. 71–91

Ernő Szép, The Smell of Humans: A Memoir of the Holocaust in Hungary, translated by John Bátki (Budapest: Corvina and Central European University Press, 1994)

Béla Zsolt, Nine Suitcases, translated by Ladislaus Löb (London: Pimlico, 2005), pp. 317–24

See also

History of antisemitism
History of the Jews in Hungary
Arrow Cross Party
Budapest ghetto
Adolf Eichmann
Miklós Horthy
Glass House (Budapest)
Carl Lutz
Giorgio Perlasca
Angelo Rotta
Ángel Sanz-Briz
Raoul Wallenberg

References

Holocaust locations in Hungary
History of Budapest
1944 in Hungary


title: Action of 12 December 1779

text:
The action of 12 December 1779 was a minor naval engagement that took place in the Bay of Honduras during the American Revolutionary War between a British Royal naval Fourth-rate fifty gun ship and a fifty gun Spanish privateer.

The 50-gun  had sailed for Jamaica in January 1779 under the command of Charles Inglis. On 12 December she was sailing in the Bay of Honduras off the coast of the Punta Sal when at daybreak a large ship was sighted ahead. Inglis gave chase, a pursuit which lasted all day until Salisbury came in range at 6.30pm. The fleeing ship hoisted Spanish colours and an action began, which lasted until 8.30 pm when the Spanish ship had her mainmast shot away. Having sustained heavy casualties and suffered considerable damage, she struck her colours. She was found to be the 50-gun privateer San Carlos under Don Juan Antonio Zavelleta, carrying stores; mainly 5,000 stand of arms heading from Cadiz to Fort Omoa, which had recently been captured and then abandoned by British forces.

In the battle the San Carlos had a complement of 397 men with 60 men killed or wounded and the rest being captured. Four men were killed on Salisbury and fourteen wounded of which five were mortal. Inglis then sailed to Jamaica carrying the San Carlos in and then distributed the prize money before heading to North America by the summer of 1780.

References
Notes

Further Reading

Conflicts in 1779
Naval battles involving Great Britain
Naval battles involving Spain
Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War
History of Honduras


title: Trochus stellatus

text:
Trochus stellatus, common name the stellate trochus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. The species is now extinct.

Trochus incrassatus Lamarck, 1822 is considered a synonym of this species by the Australian Faunal Directory

Description
The size of this large, heavy, top-shaped shell varies between 18 mm and 40 mm. The shell has wrinkled plaits and concatenated dots. The sutures of the upper whorls are spinous and radiated. The shell has a yellow tint to it and has brown stripes. The inside of the shell is a glossy white.

(Description as Trochus incrassatus) The height of the shell attains 30 mm, its diameter also 30 mm. The, thick, heavy, solid shell has a conical shape. It is, whitish, radiately striped above and below with purplish red. The outlines of the spire are convex. The 7 to 8 whorls are coarsely granulose in about 5 or 6 spiral series, of which the upper series is most prominent. The periphery is rounded. The base of the shell is a little concave, with about 7 concentric granulose or subgranulose lirae. The aperture is strongly lirate within upon the parietal and outer wall. The basal margin contains four or five teeth. The columella is dentate. The umbilical tract is nearly smooth or obsoletely spirally plicate.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off India, Sri Lanka,  the Philippines, Japan, Oceania, New Caledonia, and Australia (the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia); also in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar.

References

 Gmelin, J.F. & Linnaeus, C. 1791. Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia aucta, reformata. Lipsiae : G.E. Beer.
 Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
 Lamarck, J.B. 1822. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 7 711 pp.
 Hedley, C. 1899. The Mollusca of Funafuti. Part 1. Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3(7): 395-488, 49 text figs
 Schepman, M.M. 1908. Prosobranchia (excluding Heteropoda and parasitic Prosobranchia). Rhipidoglossa and Docoglossa. With an appendix by Prof. R. Bergh [Pectinobranchiata]. Siboga-Expéditie Report 49(1): 1-108, 9 pls
 Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). Contribution à l'étude de la faune de Madagascar: Mollusca marina testacea. Faune des colonies françaises, III (fasc. 4). Société d'Editions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales: Paris. 321–636, plates IV-VII pp
 Winckworth, R. 1936. Marine mollusca from South India and Ceylon IV - X. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 22(1): 16-22
 Satyamurti, S.T. 1952. Mollusca of Krusadai Is. I. Amphineura and Gastropoda. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History ns 1(no. 2, pt 6): 267 pp., 34 pls
 Ladd, H.S. 1966. Chitons and gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from the western Pacific Islands. United States Geological Survey Professional Papers 531: 1-98 16 pls
 Hinton, A. 1972. Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp
 Rajagopal, A.S. & Mookherjee, H.P. 1978. Contributions to the molluscan fauna of India. Pt. I. Marine molluscs of the Coromandel Coast, Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar - Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 12: 1-48
 Short, J.W. & Potter, D.G. 1987. Shells of Queensland and The Great Barrier Reef. Drummoyne, NSW : Golden press Pty Ltd 135 pp., 60 pl.
 Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
 Sasaki, T. (2000) Family Trochidae. In: Okutani, T. (ed.), Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 55-83 (in Japanese)

External links

 Great Barrier Reef Invertebrates: Trochus stellatus
 Atlas of Living Australia: Trochus stellaris

stellatus
Gastropods described in 1791


title: Ruth Budd

text:
Ruth June Budd (June 20, 1924 – June 30, 2021) was a Canadian bassist. She became Canada's first professional female bassist  when she joined the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1947. She was also known as a member of the Symphony Six, a group of six musicians under contract to the Toronto orchestra who were denied entry to the United States for a concert tour under suspicion of leftist activities.

Early life and education
Ruth Budd was born in Winnipeg to Jack Ross (born in Ukraine) and Olive (née Barrett, born in Winnipeg. Her father was a professional photographer and retoucher. Ruth spent 1 year at the British Columbia School of Pharmacy and Science, at the Toronto Conservatory of Music and at the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto. She played violin at school level, and took mandolin lessons with the Ukrainian community in Winnipeg. Ruth's father was an accomplished photographer and retoucher, and both parents valued music. Her family was poor, and the Ukrainian Labour temple offered free mandolin lessons. This was an interest that she returned to later in life. Ruth also took acrobatics as a child and performed in Winnipeg's vaudeville.

Career

Budd played double bass with the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra from 1944 to 1946. She joined the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in 1947, becoming Canada's first professional female bassist.

Symphony Six

In November 1951 the Toronto Symphony Orchestra was invited to participate in the "Major Symphony Series" in Detroit, its first appearance in the United States, alongside major US orchestras from Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, and Philadelphia. In keeping with US immigration laws, the orchestra submitted its list of members for clearance. Seven musicians were not given clearance; this was later pared down to six: Budd, Dirk Keetbaas, William Kuinka, Abe Mannheim, John Moskalyk, and Steven Staryk (later known as the Symphony Six), who were denied access to the United States under suspicion of leftist activities. The performers had associated openly with communist or communist front organizations in the vein of artistic collaboration, but denied the charges of political involvement. Budd later said in an interview that she had been a member of a left-wing youth group. Ruth told the story that she overheard people talkig about her, "She must be a communist...she reads a lot!" At the end of the season the orchestra did not renew its contracts with these musicians. This created a controversy in Canada, partly due to the orchestra management not supporting their artists.

Later career
After her contract was not renewed in 1952, Budd went on to play with the Halifax Symphony Orchestra, the Hart House Orchestra, the CBC Symphony Orchestra, and the orchestras of the Canadian Opera Company, the National Ballet of Canada, and the Stratford Festival. In 1964 she was rehired by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and performed as a double bassist until 1989, becoming "one of the most beloved members of the orchestra".

Ruth had a musical duo, first with Abe Galper, a clarinetist in the TSO, and later, with her son Kevin. Over several decades, it is estimated that she gave over 300 music demonstrations in Toronto area schools under the auspices of the Toronto Symphony Education programs. Ruth toured the Eastern Arctic with Kevin, performing dozens of music demonstrations in school, community centres and libraries there.

In 1993 Budd founded the Toronto Senior Strings. She was also the founding chairperson of the Organization of Canadian Symphony Musicians.

Hobbies and Interests

Ruth was an accomplished potter, with a kickwheel and a kiln in her basement. She was also a member of the Toronto Mandolin Orchestra for several decades. She loved Northwest coast carving and art and was a dedicated follower of Emily Carr, having read everything she wrote.

In her retirement years she spent 17 years at Christie Gardens in Toronto, where she started a very successful choir, enriching the lives of many residents.

Awards
Budd received the YWCA Women of Distinction Award for Arts in 1983.

References

Bibliography

1924 births
2021 deaths
Musicians from Winnipeg
20th-century Canadian double-bassists
21st-century double-bassists
Canadian classical musicians
20th-century Canadian women musicians


title: The Front Page (TV series)

text:
The Front Page is a CBS Television series, broadcast beginning September 29, 1949, and starring John Daly and Mark Roberts, with Richard Boone, Curt Conway and Janet Shaw. The live 30-minute show, based on the 1928 play The Front Page by Charles MacArthur and Ben Hecht, aired Thursdays at 8pm ET.

Premise
The series revolved around editor Walter Burns and his star reporter Hildy Johnson.

In the series premiere an assassination attempt has been made on the city's corrupt mayor. Hildy is on his honeymoon, so Burns compels him to come back and cover the story by kidnapping Hildy's mother-in-law. After a follow-up assassination plot is discovered and foiled, Burns keeps Hildy in town by getting the mayor to arrest Hildy.

Cast
 John Daly as editor Walter Burns
 Mark Roberts as reporter Hildy Johnson
 Cliff Hall as Mayor Barber
 Leona Powers as Mrs. Grant
 Janet Shaw as Peggy Grant

Production
Donald Davis was the producer, Frank Heller was the director, and Alvin Sapinsley was the writer. The show originated from WCBS-TV.

Preservation status
Three episodes are in the collection of the Paley Center for Media.

See also
1949-50 United States network television schedule

References

Bibliography
Alex McNeil, Total Television, Fourth edition (New York: Penguin Books, 1980)
Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows, Third edition (New York: Ballantine Books, 1985)

External links
The Front Page (TV series) at IMDB

CBS original programming
1949 American television series debuts
1950 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
Television series about journalism


title: Football Federation of Herzeg-Bosnia

text:
The Football Federation of Herzeg-Bosnia () served as the top football league in self-proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian War and post-war periods of the 1990s. During those years, football was divided along ethnic lines with the Croat, and Serb populations each running their own league. Meanwhile, only the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina was formally recognized as the legitimate football association in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league formed in 1993. In the 1997/1998 season, the top Croat teams began facing the top teams from the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina for entrance to UEFA tournaments; something that had been denied the Herzeg-Bosnia league on its own. This setup lasted until the 2000/2001 season when the two leagues merged to form the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Football in Bosnia and Herzegovina


title: Terry McGregor

text:
Terry McGregor (born 5 July 1977 in Sydney) is an Australian former cricket player.

She played 46 matches for the New South Wales Breakers in the Women's National Cricket League.

McGregor played four Tests and 26 One Day Internationals for the Australia national women's cricket team. She is the 89th woman to be capped for Australia in One Day Internationals, and the 139th woman to play Test Cricket for Australia.

References

Living people
1977 births
Australia women Test cricketers
Australia women One Day International cricketers
New South Wales Breakers cricketers
Cricketers from Sydney
Sportswomen from New South Wales


title: 1996 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship qualification

text:
This page describes the qualification procedure for 1996 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.

Qualified teams
Qualified as the host nation:

Qualified as the top teams in the previous tournament:

Qualified through the Qualifying Round

Qualification format
The Qualifying Round was held from 24 July to 30 July 1995. There were four groups, one group of six teams and three groups of seven teams. The first and second placed team from each group qualified for 1996 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. One team of each group hosted the mini-tournament.

Qualifying round

Group A
All the games were played in Tallinn, Estonia.

Group B
All the games were played in Funchal, Portugal.

Group C
All the games were played in Constanța, Romania.

Group D
All the games were played in Yambol, Bulgaria.

References
FIBA Archive
FIBA Europe Archive

FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship qualification
1995–96 in European basketball
1996 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship


title: Le Antichità di Ercolano Esposte

text:
The Le Antichità di Ercolano Esposte (Antiquities of Herculaneum Exposed) is an eight-volume book of engravings of the findings from excavating the ruins of Herculaneum in the Kingdom of Naples (now Italy). It was published between 1757 and 1792, and copies were given to selected recipients across Europe. Despite the title, the Antichità di Ercolano shows objects from all the excavations the Bourbons undertook around the Gulf of Naples. These include Pompeii, Stabiae, and two sites in Herculaneum: Resina and Portici.

The engravings are high quality and the accompanying text displays great scholarship, but the book lacks the information on context that would be expected of a modern archaeological work. Le Antichità was designed more to impress readers with the quality of the objects in the King of Naples' collection than to be used in research. The book gave impetus to the neoclassical movement in Europe by giving artists and decorators access to a huge store of Hellenistic motifs.

Background

The excavations at Heculaneum began in 1711, when a well was being dug for the new country house of Emmanuel Maurice, Duke of Elbeuf at Portici. The well turned out to have been sunk into the buried and richly ornamented proscenium of the theater of Herculaneum, and yielded several valuable marbles, including a statue of Hercules. The duke was extremely short of money.
He smuggled the pieces to Rome to be restored, and then "gave" them to Prince Eugene of Savoy, his cousin. In 1738 Charles VII of Naples − after 1759, Charles III of Spain − began excavations to find objects for his private collection of antiquities, imposing tight security on the site. Interest was maintained by the hope of finding more objects of similar value to the first set of statues.

In 1739 a set of large mythical groups were found in the "Basilica". By 1748 the excavations had unearthed eight full-sized bronze statues. The large works were restored and put on display in the king's museum at Portici. The smaller works were generally not exhibited. The excavations were done by slaves, and it seems that much was destroyed or stolen. News of the finds spread, and Charles drew criticism for the secrecy and lack of science in the excavations.

Publication

The first publication to record the findings was a large folio book called Disegni intagliati in rame di pitture antiche ritrovate nelle scavazioni di Resina (Copper engravings of the ancient paintings discovered in the excavations of Resina) printed in 1746.
Despite the title, the book included drawings of statuettes in bronze and marble, lamps and reliefs.
Some engravings showed the objects as they were, while others showed the artist's reconstruction of the original. There were many inaccuracies.
The book gave no indication of the locations where the objects were found.
Only three copies have survived. These may be the only ones that were produced, perhaps because Charles was dissatisfied with the result.

The Prodromo delle Antichità di Ercolano (Preface to the Antiquities of Herculaneum) was prepared by Ottavio Antonio Bayardi, cousin of the prime minister Giovanni Fogliani, and issued by the Stamperia Reale in 1752.
The five volume work tells stories of Hercules and tries to prove that the city was in fact Herculaneum, which had not been in doubt since an inscription was found in 1738, but says nothing about the findings. In 1754 Bayardi published a one volume catalog of the findings.
Without illustrations, and with only the most cursory descriptions of the 2,000 objects listed, the catalog has little value.

In 1755 Charles appointed fifteen savants to a newly formed Accademia Ercolanese to study the artifacts and publish the findings.
The committee engaged twenty-five leading artists to prepare drawings and engravings on the finds, including Giovanni Elia Morghen, Carlo Nolli and Giovanni Battista Casanova.
The best engravers were given the most interesting pieces.
A given engraver would be given all pieces of a given style, to ensure consistency.

The academy issued volumes of the work from 1757 to 1792.
They were not sold, but were given to the "happy few" that were chosen as recipients.
Two thousand copies were printed of the first volume.
Charles abdicated in 1759 and was succeeded by the eight-year-old Ferdinand IV.
Publication continued under the regent Tanucci.
The first four volumes depicted paintings.
These were painted wall fragments, including fragments removed from the portico.
The fifth volume, published in 1767, was devoted to bronze busts.
Another volume on bronze statues was issued in 1771.
Plates from the Antichita were copied in London in 1773.
Another volume on paintings came out in 1779.
An abridged version of the book was published in 1789.
The last volume, in 1792, depicted lamps and candelabras.
The volumes do not include depictions of the marbles.

Contents

Despite the title, the Antichità di Ercolano shows objects from all the excavations the Bourbons undertook around the Gulf of Naples.
These include Pompeii, Stabiae, and two sites in Herculaneum: Resina and Portici.
The book displays a high level of scholarship for the time, and the engravings are of high quality.
Most engravings show the frame, if known, have a measurement scale, and are accompanied by a scholarly essay.
Some of the smaller objects do not have entries, but are reproduced as unnamed headpieces or tailpieces.
There are about 619 copperplate engravings, some double, 836 vignettes and 540 illuminated letters designed by Luigi Vanvitelli and engraved by Carlo Nolli.

The organization was based more on aesthetics than on explaining the context of the Roman site.
The first volume contains the largest and most beautiful images. The images of paintings on fragments of the porticus are spread across all five volumes to cover paintings, since the first set of fragments from the portico was found in 1738, and the second set in 1761 after the first two volumes had been published.
The artists again indulged in their imagination. A horseback rider that had been shown in the Disegni intagliati with the horse's tail and the rider's right hand missing was drawn by Vincenzo Campana as if it were in undamaged condition.

Images within each volume are grouped by location, more because they have consistent styles than to show the Roman  context.
The text typically gave no information about the date and place of the find.
The largest four images from the portico are depictions of Theseus, Hercules and Telephus, Achilles and Chiron, and Marsyas and Olympus.
The engravers treat them as flat paintings, although in fact they were concave, and their shape shows where they were originally placed in the building.
The book contains only a small selection of the paintings that were taken to Portici, although it seems that drawings were made of all these paintings.
From 1765 onward the artists drew each painting as it appeared on the wall it decorated.

Response

The images in the Antichità di Ercolano, with their Hellenistic origins, had huge appeal to Europeans of the time, and the book provided a great stock of classical motifs that could be used by designers and scholars.
The publication was more an advertisement for the collection of remains held in the Palace of Portici than an archaeological record.
It was said that due to the book "students of antiquity - that is virtually all lovers of art - would have felt bound to go to Naples, as they were bound to go to Florence and Rome."

The discussion the book generated was mainly about the artistic merits of the wall paintings than about Roman life.
It did not cause the rise of neoclassicism, which had earlier origins, but it had a large influence on the decorative arts in Europe.
The plates were often used as sources for paintings.
Thus Nicolas Gosse and Auguste Vinchon seem to have used it for a series of Scenes from Ancient Life painted in gray-scale for the Louvre.
Robert Adam, the British designer, copied figures in the book from the "Villa of Cicero" to the ceiling of the Red Drawing Room at Syon House in 1761-62.

The 1763 La Marchande d'Amours (or La Marchande à la toilette) by Joseph-Marie Vien is a well known example of early French neoclassicism.
It is based on an engraving by Carlo Nolli of a painting on the same subject from volume 3 of the Antichità di Ercolano.
Vien was open about his borrowing, and invited his audience to compare the two works.
The main difference is in the intensity of expression of the three women in Vien's picture, the seller looking at the buyers and the buyers looking at the cupid, compared to the blank expressions and unfocused gazes of the women in Nolli's engraving.

Volumes

The volumes, all printed at Naples by the Regia Stamperia (Royal Press) were as follows:
Volume 1 1757 Ancient paintings of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described
Volume 2 1760 Ancient paintings of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described
Volume 3 1762 Ancient paintings of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described
Volume 4 1765 Ancient paintings of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described
Volume 5 1767 Bronzes from Herculaneum and region, engraved and described - Part I: Busts
Volume 6 1771 Bronzes from Herculaneum and region, engraved and described - Part 2: Statues
Volume 7 1779 Ancient paintings of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described
Volume 8 1792 Lamps and Candelabras of Herculaneum and region, engraved and described

References
Citations

Sources

Archaeology books


title: Trulli GP

text:
Trulli GP (officially Trulli Formula E Team) was a Swiss motor racing team founded by former Formula One driver and Monaco Grand Prix winner Jarno Trulli to compete in the inaugural FIA Formula E Championship for electric cars.

History
On 18 June 2014, Trulli GP was announced as the tenth and final confirmed entry into the inaugural Formula E season, taking over the entry originally held by Drayson Racing. Drayson stayed on as the teams' "principal technology partner", whilst Super Nova Racing were tasked with operating the team. Jarno Trulli announced that he would drive for his own team at launch, while Italian Auto GP driver Michela Cerruti was later announced as the second driver for the team.

At the opening round in Beijing, the two Trullis qualified on the penultimate row of the grid. Trulli retired with battery problems on the second lap whilst Cerruti finished the race in 14th and the first car off the lead lap. In Putrajaya, Cerruti was taken out by Katherine Legge whilst Trulli lost 3 laps in the pits with crash damage having run has high as second early in the race. Trulli scored the teams' first points with fourth place in Punta del Este, and Cerruti finished twelfth by way of staying out of trouble – but both cars failed to finish in Buenos Aires with mechanical problems. At the Miami round, Vitantonio Liuzzi replaced Cerruti at the eleventh hour having been on holiday in the region – but both cars eventually finished the race a lap down.

The next two races in Long Beach and Monaco yielded no points and one retirement apiece before the team found some success in Berlin. Trulli scored a surprise pole position but sank through the field and finished two laps down in 19th, however Liuzzi went the opposite way and scored two points for finishing ninth. At the penultimate round in Moscow, Trulli drew the ire of rivals António Félix da Costa and Justin Wilson – as well as commentator Dario Franchitti – for consistently cutting a chicane and retaining position. Liuzzi and Trulli ultimately finished 17th and 18th respectively multiple laps off the lead. For the 2015 London ePrix, Liuzzi was replaced by Alex Fontana, as Liuzzi was competing in the GT Asia Series round at Okayama on the same weekend. The season ended poorly for the team, with Trulli finishing the first race 15th and retiring from the second with brake problems whilst Fontana retired from the first race with suspension issues and finished 14th in the second race. With just two points finishes and the points for pole in Berlin, Trulli finished last in the teams' championship with 17 points.

From the second season, teams were allowed to independently develop powertrains and Trulli confirmed a partnership with Italian manufacturer Motomatica. Trulli himself meanwhile stood down from driving duties and was replaced with Mexican Salvador Durán, who had completed most of the first season with Andretti. The Motomatica powertrain proved perennially unreliable and dangerous during private testing, with Liuzzi claiming the car was "not even able to drive one metre out of the garage" due to constant breakdowns and that at one point he had been electrocuted. Following speculation the team could switch back to the season one powertrain as Team Aguri had done, they ultimately elected to persist with the troubled unit. The team organised private freight to the opening round in Beijing to continue troubleshooting, but failed pre-race scrutineering with most of its' parts stuck in customs. Following withdrawal from the second round in Putrajaya, the teams' future looked uncertain and it was ultimately withdrawn from the grid on 15 December 2015 in favour of new OEM Jaguar Racing's debut in the 2016–17 season.

Results

Notes
  – In the inaugural season, all teams were supplied with a spec powertrain by McLaren.
 † – Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.
 * – Season still in progress.

References

External links

Auto racing teams in Switzerland
Formula E teams
Auto racing teams established in 2014
2014 establishments in Switzerland
2015 disestablishments in Switzerland

Auto racing teams disestablished in 2015