title: Deon Broomfield

text:
Deon Broomfield (born August 3, 1991) is a former American football safety and is currently a Safeties coach for Iowa State. He played college football at Iowa State.

High school
Broomfield attended Bayside High School in Palm Bay, Florida. As a sophomore, Broomfield helped the Bayside Bears to a 7–3 record and a trip to the playoffs. That year, he was named to the second-team all-district. As a junior, Broomfield recorded 85 tackles, three interceptions, and three fumble recoveries, making the Class 5A second-team all-state. In his senior season, Deon had nine interceptions, caused six fumbles (of which he recovered three), and led his team to the second round of the playoffs, finishing the season at 8–4. He again made the Class 5A second-team all-state, as well as making the first-team all-state coast.

In addition to football, Broomfield was a four-year letterman in track and field and was an honor roll student.

Considered a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was given a Rivals Rating of 5.2 He accepted a scholarship offer from Iowa State.

College career
Deon Broomfield redshirted his initial collegiate season in 2009. In 2010 Broomfield played mostly on special teams, playing in all 12 games and coming in second on the team with seven special teams tackles. In his sophomore season, 2011, Deon played in all 13 games and made 23 tackles, including five in an upset win over the No. 2 ranked Oklahoma State Cowboys. In that game Broomfield had a key third-down stop that set up an OSU missed field goal that sent the game into overtime. In 2012 Broomfield played in 13 games, starting six, made 45 tackles, and had two interceptions. In 2013, Broomfield's senior season, he started all 12 games at strong safety, ranked fourth on the team with 57 tackles, third on the team with six pass breakups, and second on the team with two fumble recoveries (both of which he caused). He also had an interception.

Broomfield ended his career at ISU with 133 tackles, 16 pass breakups, four forced fumbles, and three interceptions.

Professional career
Deon was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Buffalo Bills. On June 16, 2015, he was waived/injured by the Bills.

Coaching career
Broomfield coaches safeties in 2015 at Carthage College. In 2016, Broomfield became the cornerbacks coach for Western Illinois. Broomfield was named the cornerbacks coach at Indiana State. On  January 31, 2020, Broomfield was hired as a defensive assistant for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). In 2021 he served as the safeties coach for Iowa State.

References

External links

Living people
1991 births
American football safeties
Iowa State Cyclones football players
Buffalo Bills players
Sportspeople from Melbourne, Florida
Players of American football from Brevard County, Florida
Carthage Firebirds football coaches
Western Illinois Leathernecks football coaches
Indiana State Sycamores football coaches
Houston Texans coaches


title: Life (band)

text:
Life are an American alternative rock/pop band from Hermosa Beach, California, made up of the founding members of Tomorrows Bad Seeds, Moises Juarez, Sean Chapman and Matthew "Mets" McEwan. Moi, Sean and Mets were friends from school and grew up together in Hermosa Beach.

Band history

Life was formed in Hermosa Beach, California in 2012, by all founding members of Tomorrows Bad Seeds, Moises Juarez, Sean Chapman and Matthew "Mets" McEwan.
After years of touring and recording with Tomorrows Bad Seeds, the original members felt the need to branch out musically in a direction which had more "global appeal".
Though grateful for what the reggae/rock scene had done for them, the band, however, felt they were growing and changing musically and so started their new project "LIFE"

After a chance meeting with Producer/Musical director, Michael Choi (aka Foolish Prophet) on Warped Tour in the lunch queue, they embarked on a year-long journey to write new material and develop a new sound for themselves, taking all their personal musical influences which ranged from punk rock to soul. The band signed with indie label Urbantone Group and launched with a premiere of their first single "R.U.D.W.N.?" via USA Today in March 2014.
The single was soon followed by a 2nd track "Better Days", which was premiered by Yahoo! Music.

In June 2014, their first EP, R.U.D.W.N.? EP, was released. Containing 5 tracks, the EP was a mixture of various influences of the band members. Sebastian Mackay at Substream Magazine said "The end result is an EP will get into your marrow and have you innocently tapping along at one moment and singing your heart out the next". Substream also gave the EP a rare 5 stars. Gregory Robson at AbsolutePunk said of the EP "R U D W N? is a first-rate work from a band that deserves both wider appeal and wider recognition."

In July 2014, Life premiered the video to "Kids" on LA Magazine. The video was created by Clifford Cruz.

R.U.D.W.N.? EP
Produced by Foolish Prophet, this first EP consists of 5 tracks:
 R.U.D.W.N.?
 Kill The Messenger
 Kids
 Better Days
 Burning Up
All the tracks were written by the band and Foolish Prophet with co-writes from Josiah Rosen and Emil Ogoo.
Production started in May 2013, when Chapman suggested they should get a drummer like his hero, Josh Freese. The producer suggested asking "the man himself", so Freese became the main drummer on the EP, recording R.U.D.W.N.?, Kids and Better Days. The drums on Burning Up was recorded by the legendary drummer "JR" Robinson famed for his work with Quincy Jones and Michael Jackson. Finally, the drummer on Kill The Messenger was another legend Omar Hakim who was a particular hero to Foolish Prophet due to his wide ranging work with Miles Davis, Sting, Madonna, Daft Punk etc. On percussion was another legend Luis Conte, piano was Rachel Z (former keyboard player for Peter Gabriel) and horns were Nick Lane, Chuck Findley, Lee Thornburg, Tom Evans.

The EP launched on June 18, 2014 with a performance at The Roxy in West Hollywood.

Future releases
The band recently recorded their next single with drummer José Pasillas from the band Incubus. Chapman had met Pasillas through Greg Teal at Hurley and became friends after their first jam session. Pasillas has also recorded 2 other tracks with the band.

Band members
 Moises Juarez – lead vocals
 Sean Chapman – guitarist, backing vocals
 Matthew McEwan – guitarist, backing vocals

Discography
 R.U.D.W.N.? EP (2014)

References

External links
 Official website

Alternative rock groups from California
American pop rock music groups
Musical groups established in 2013
Musical trios from California
2013 establishments in California


title: Graceland (Kierra Sheard album)

text:
Graceland is the fifth studio album by American singer Kierra Sheard. It was released by Karew Records and Motown Gospel on July 22, 2014. Her debut with her brother's J. Drew Sheard music label, the album debuted at number one on US Top Gospel Albums and reached number 33 on the US Billboard 200, becoming Sheard's highest-charting album yet. Graceland was nominated for a Stellar Award and a GMA Dove Award for Contemporary Gospel/Urban Album of the Year.

Critical reception

AllMusic wrote that "with the album being skillfully laid out and paced, Sheard remains at the forefront of progressive gospel with Graceland."

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

Kierra Sheard albums
2014 albums
Urban contemporary gospel albums


title: Le Cercle des Gourmettes

text:
Le Cercle des Gourmettes was an exclusive club or "circle" of women in Paris devoted to gourmet food. The circle was started in 1929 by an American, Paulette Edlinger, and the name may have been a bon mot in protest of the non-feminine form of the word gourmet.

The club began at a time of economic prosperity just prior to the Great Depression in France. It was started by the wives of members of Club des Cent and convened on alternate Fridays to enjoy lunches and dinners at the electric company headquarters in Paris, Electricité et Gaz. The club's most famous members were Julia Child, Simone Beck, and Louisette Bertholle. Each joined the club in the late 1940s.

Versions of the club later existed in Canada and Switzerland.

References

Clubs and societies in France
Gastronomical societies
Dining clubs


title: Gene Robillard

text:
Gene Robillard (January 15, 1929 – April 24, 2007) was a Canadian football quarterback who played one season with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He played CIS football at McGill University and attended Ottawa Technical High School in Ottawa, Ontario. Robillard was also a member of the Montreal Alouettes. He later coached the Ottawa Sooners.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats
Fanbase profile

1929 births
2007 deaths
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Canadian football quarterbacks
McGill Redbirds football players
BC Lions players
Canadian football people from Ottawa


title: Luigi Bernabò Brea

text:
Luigi Bernabò Brea (Genua, 27 September 1910 – Lipari, 4 February 1999) was an Italian archaeologist.

A student of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens, he was dedicated to the prehistoric and classical archaeology of Sicily, particularly the Aeolian Islands, where for many years he directed the Museo archeologico regionale eoliano, which is now dedicated to him. At first however, he was occupied by study of the prehistory of Liguria and the Aegean.

From 1939 to November 1941 he was the first Superintendent of the Superintendency for Antiquities in Liguria (now the Superintendency for archaeological goods of Liguria).

An early adopter of the stratigraphic method, which he applied in his excavation of Arene Candide (Finale Ligure), he also contributed, through this method, to the typological definition of the cultural facies of the neolithic in Italy and the Mediterranean. For thirty years he directed the Superintendency for Antiquities in Eastern Sicily and focused on defining the temporal concordances between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean civilisations. This work results from two archaeological excavations: those carried out in Liguria in the caves of Arene Candide and those performed on the acropolis of Lipari. Both revealed a very complete succession of stratigraphic layers which allowed diverse connections with other Mediterranean archaeological sites.

Bibliography

 "Luigi Bernabò Brea", in Biografie e bibliografie degli Accademici Lincei, Roma 1976, pp. 729–732.
 Lucilla de Lachenal, "Biografia di Luigi Bernabò Brea", in Dalle arene candide a Lipari, Roma 2004, pp. 215–216.

External links
 Site dedicated to Luigi Bernabò Brea

Archaeologists from Genoa
1910 births
1999 deaths
People from Lipari
20th-century archaeologists


title: Fermín Francisco de Carvajal-Vargas

text:
Fermín Francisco de Carvajal-Vargas y Alarcón, 1st Duke of San Carlos and Grandee of Spain (Chile, 1722 – Madrid, 1799) was a Spanish-Peruvian noble. He was the last Correo Mayor de Indias, responsible for the postal communication between the Americas and Spain.

He was married at the Cathedral of Lima on 11 June 1741 to his cousin Joaquina María Magdalena Brun y Carvajal. The couple had four children:
Magdalena de Carvajal, later Marquise of Lara;
Mariano Joaquín de Carvajal-Vargas (died 1796), later 5th Count of Puerto. Father of José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos;
Diego Melchor de Carvajal-Vargas;
Luis Fermín de Carvajal, later 1st Count of La Unión.

Dukes of Spain
1722 births
1799 deaths


title: White-bearded helmetcrest

text:
The white-bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon lindenii)  is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to northwestern Venezuela.

Taxonomy and systematics

The white-bearded helmetcrest was formerly considered to be a subspecies of what was known as the bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii). The white-bearded helmetcrest was promoted to species status when the bearded helmetcrest was split into four species based on a study of biometric and plumage data published in 2013. The nominate subspecies was renamed the green-bearded helmetcrest. The white-bearded helmetcrest is monotypic.

Description

The white-bearded helmetcrest is about  long and weighs about . It has a short straight bill. The adult male has a long black and white crest and a mostly black face with a wide white "collar". Its upperparts are bronzy green with a slight gray scaly appearance. It has a long thin white "beard". The rest of the underparts are dingy gray with green spots. The tail is moderately long and forked. The upper side of its central feathers are olive green and the rest dusky; the underside of the feathers are maroon with white shafts and some narrow white at the base. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, and its underparts are dull white with dense greenish brown spots. Juveniles are not well studied but are believed to resemble the adult female.

Distribution and habitat

The white-bearded helmetcrest is found only in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela, in Mérida and Trujillo states. It inhabits humid páramo, especially that with Espeletia  vegetation. It also sometimes occurs at the edge of Polylepis woodlands. Females often occur in gorges while males tend to remain in more open landscapes. In elevation the species ranges between  though there is at least one record as low as .

Behavior

Movement

The white-bearded helmetcrest migrates from the high páramo in the wet season to lower elevations in the dry.

Feeding

The white-bearded helmetcrest feeds on nectar; it especially favors Espeletia schultzii and Castilleja fissifolia. It nectars by clinging to flowers rather than hovering. It also feeds on insects and their larvae. It catches insects on the ground or by jumping or hawking from the ground or a perch. It picks larvae from vegetation.

Breeding

The white-bearded helmetcrest's breeding season is tied to the flowering of Espeletia and is usually between June and November. It makes a large nest of Espeletia fibers in cavities or below overhangs where it is protected from sun and rain. The clutch size it two eggs; the female incubates for 21 to 23 days and fledging occurs 35 to 38 days after hatch.

Vocalization

The white-bearded helmetcrest's song is "a repeated, high-pitched, slightly buzzy, single note 'tzee' or 'peek'" that it sings repeatedly from a perch on a small shrub during the breeding season.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the white-bearded helmetcrest as being of Least Concern. It has a very small range and its population size is not known and believed to be decreasing. Thought it is considered very common and occurs in two national parks, overgrazing is a problem even in them.

References

white-bearded helmetcrest
Birds of the Venezuelan Andes
Endemic birds of Venezuela
white-bearded helmetcrest


title: Wilson Sabiya

text:
Wilson Sabiya (January 12, 1938 – March 30, 2004) was Governor of Adamawa State, Nigeria from 27 August 1991 to January 1992. He was also the first governor of the state.

References

1938 births
2004 deaths
Governors of Adamawa State


title: Green-bearded helmetcrest

text:
The green-bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

Taxonomy and systematics

The green-bearded helmetcrest was formally described in 1840 by the French ornithologist Auguste Boissonneau from a specimen collected near Bogotá in central Colombia. This species is now placed in the genus Oxypogon that was introduced by the English ornithologist John Gould in 1848.  The genus name combines the Ancient Greek oxy meaning ″sharp or pointed″ and pogon meaning beard. The species name was chosen to honour the French naturalist and collector Félix Guérin-Méneville. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

The green-bearded helmetcrest was formerly considered a species named bearded helmetcrest with four subspecies. In 2014 the South America Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society agreed to a proposal to split this species into four separate species based on plumage differences and morphometrics. Other taxonomies soon followed suit. The other species are the buffy helmetcrest (O. stuebelii) of the Cordillera Central, the blue-bearded helmetcrest (O. cyanolaemus) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the white-bearded helmetcrest (O. lindenii) of the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela.

Description

The green-bearded helmetcrest is  long. Males weight about  and females  It has a short straight black bill. The adult male has a long white crest and a mostly dark brown to black face with a white "collar". Its upperparts are bronzy. It has a thin glittering green gorget with white edges that forms a "beard". The rest of the underparts are grayish bronzy. The tail is moderately long, forked, and coppery to bronzy green with much white on the outer feathers. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, and its underparts are buffy white with some greenish mottling. Juveniles resemble the adult female; the male has a partial crest and beard.

Distribution and habitat

The green-bearded helmetcrest is found in Colombia's Eastern Andes as far south as Cundinamarca Department. It inhabits humid páramo, especially that with Espeletia  vegetation. It also sometimes occurs at the edge of Polylepis woodlands. Females often occur in gorges while males tend to remain in more open landscapes. In elevation the species ranges between .

Behavior

Movement

The green-bearded helmetcrest is found year-round in páramo but is suspected to move to high elevation forest in the dry season. Its close relative the white-bearded helmetcrest migrates from the high páramo in the wet season to lower elevations in the dry and the green-bearded might also follow this pattern.

Feeding

The green-bearded helmetcrest feeds on nectar at a wide variety of flowering plants but is partial to Espeletia species. It nectars mostly by clinging to flowers but does hover to feed. It is thought that the short, fine bill of this bird and the other Oxypogon species is an adaption to facilitate extracting nectar from the numerous tiny florets of the flower heads of these plants. It also feeds on insects that it catches insects on the ground, by hovering, or by jumping or hawking from the ground or a perch.

Breeding

The green-bearded helmetcrest's breeding season is tied to the flowering of Espeletia and is usually between May and September. Little else is known about its breeding phenology. However, it is assumed to be very similar to that of the white-bearded helmetcrest. That species makes a large nest of Espeletia fibers in cavities or below overhangs where it is protected from sun and rain. Its clutch size is two eggs; the female incubates for 21 to 23 days and fledging occurs 35 to 38 days after hatch.

Vocalization

Few of the green-bearded helmetcrest's vocalizations have been described, but one is "an insistent 'tii…tii…'" given by males chasing a female.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the green-bearded helmetcrest as being of Least Concern. It has a limited range and its population size is not known and believed to be decreasing. It is considered locally common and occurs in several protected areas.

References

green-bearded helmetcrest
Birds of the Colombian Andes
Endemic birds of Colombia
green-bearded helmetcrest


title: Crooked Lake (Michigan)

text:
Crooked Lake is a lake that feeds the Crooked River. Located within Emmet County in the U.S. state of Michigan, it is the southwesternmost point of the recreational Inland Waterway. This watercourse uses locks to connect Crooked Lake with Lake Huron at Cheboygan.  The discharge of water from Crooked Lake is controlled by the Alanson Waterway Locks located near Alanson, Michigan.

The lake is a remnant of the postglacial Lake Nipissing.  Its convoluted shape is the outcome of the glacier-cut topography through which its water drains, which includes lateral moraines, recessional moraines, and at least one kettle gouged by melting ice.

Three small lakeside communities, Conway, Oden, and Ponshewaing, reflect the historic operations of depots of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad that once brought residents and visitors to and from the lake. Today the north shore of the lake is served by U.S. Highway 31, and a continuous strip of development joins together the road and lake.

See also
List of lakes in Michigan

References

Lakes of Michigan
Lakes of Emmet County, Michigan
Kettle lakes in the United States


title: Fencing at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's team sabre

text:
The men's team sabre competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 4 October 2002 at the Gangseo Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
WO — Won by walkover

Final standing

References
2002 Asian Games Report, Page 407

External links
 Official website

Men sabre


title: School for Danger

text:
School for Danger (also known as Now It Can Be Told) is a 1947 British docudrama film directed by  Teddy Baird depicting the training and deployment of agents of the Special Operations Executive during the Second World War. The film stars real-life SOE agents Captain Harry Rée and Jacqueline Nearne.

Premise
In 1943, "Captain Brown" and "Miss Williams" are recruited and trained to be secret agents (Miss Williams as Brown's wireless operator). They are then sent to German-occupied France, under the operational names "Felix" and "Cat", where they organise resistance, carrying out sabotage and helping airmen get back to the UK.

Main cast
 Captain Harry Rée as Captain Brown / "Felix"
 Jacqueline Nearne as Miss Williams / "Cat"

References

External links

1947 films
British black-and-white films
British spy films
Films set in 1943
Films set in France
World War II spy films
1947 documentary films
British documentary films
1940s English-language films
1940s British films


title: Tondar-69

text:
The Tondar-69 is a short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) originating in China and operated by the armed forces of Iran.  It was originally deployed by the Iranian army in 1992. The design is based on the Chinese CSS-8, which itself was designed from the Soviet S-75 surface-to-air missile (SAM).

It is launched from static transporter erector launchers towed into position. Up to two hundred CSS-8 missiles were acquired from 1989-1992 and modified to Tondar-69 specifications.

References

External sources
 CSIS Missile Threat - Tondar-69

Surface-to-surface missiles of Iran
Short-range ballistic missiles of Iran
Theatre ballistic missiles
Military equipment introduced in the 1990s


title: Blue-bearded helmetcrest

text:
The blue-bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon cyanolaemus)  is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia.

Taxonomy and systematics
The blue-bearded helmetcrest was formerly considered to be a subspecies of what was known as the bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii). The blue-bearded helmetcrest was promoted to species status when the bearded helmetcrest was split into four species based on a study of biometric and plumage data published in 2013. The nominate subspecies was renamed the green-bearded helmetcrest. The blue-bearded helmetcrest is monotypic.

Description

The blue-bearded helmetcrest is about  long. It has a short straight bill. The male has a long black and white crest and a mostly dusky face with a buffy-white "collar". Its upperparts are olive green. Its throat has a thin white "beard" with a purplish blue center stripe. The rest of the underparts are dingy buff with olive spots that blends to buffy white on the undertail coverts. The tail is moderately long and forked. The upper side of the central tail feathers is bronzy olive and the rest are white with reddish bronze fringes and tips, and the underside is cream with wide olive tips. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, is overall duller, and has a white throat. Juveniles resemble the adult female but without the white throat.

Distribution and habitat

The blue-bearded helmetcrest is found only in the isolated Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia. It inhabits páramo grasslands at elevations between .

Behavior

Movement

Nothing is known about the blue-bearded helmetcrest's movements, if any.

Feeding

Little is known about the blue-bearded helmetcrest's diet or feeding method. It has been observed feeding on nectar at a few species of flowering herbs and shrubs, both by hovering and by clinging to the flowers. Its primary food source appears to be Libanothamnus occultus.

Breeding

Nothing is known about the blue-bearded helmetcrest's breeding phenology.

Vocalization

As of February 2022, Xeno-canto had two recordings of blue-bearded helmetcrest vocalizations and Cornell University's Macaulay Library had 13.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the blue-bearded helmetcrest as Critically Endangered. Its population is estimated at fewer than 250 mature individuals and is believed to be declining. The species was known only from 62 museum specimens with the most recent record in 1946. Surveys during 1999-2003 failed to detect the species. Brief surveys in February 2007 and December 2011 also failed to detect the species. In March 2015, the blue-bearded helmetcrest was rediscovered by researchers from the foundation ProAves while documenting fires set by local farmers. Though the species' entire range is nominally protected in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park, Indigenous people regularly burn the páramo to produced cattle pasture and collect Libanothamnus occultus for firewood.

References

blue-bearded helmetcrest
Birds of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Endemic birds of Colombia
Critically endangered animals
Critically endangered biota of South America
blue-bearded helmetcrest
blue-bearded helmetcrest
blue-bearded helmetcrest


title: Kiss of a Killer

text:
Kiss of a Killer is a 1993 American made-for-television thriller-drama film written by David  Warfield and directed by Larry Elikann. It stars Annette O'Toole, Eva Marie Saint and Brian Wimmer. The film debuted on February 1, 1993 on ABC.

Plot
Kate Wilson (Annette O'Toole), leads a double life by spending her days working in a real estate office and her nights caring for her ailing, manipulative mother (Eva Marie Saint). Once a week she tells her mother that she is staying with her friend Reba, when she is actually driving across town to stay at the Red Oak Inn, a local hotel resort which is her "escape". One of her encounters at the Red Oak Inn brings her into close contact with a serial rapist who has just stepped up to homicide.

Cast
 Annette O'Toole as Kate Wilson
 Eva Marie Saint as Mrs. Wilson
 Brian Wimmer as Gary Grafton
 Vic Polizos as Detective James
 Gregg Henry as Richard
 Lee Garlington as Helaine
 Gordon Clapp as Sullivan

References

External links

1993 television films
1993 films
1993 thriller films
American thriller films
ABC Motion Pictures films
Films directed by Larry Elikann
American thriller television films
American drama television films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


title: AirExplore

text:
AirExplore is a Slovak charter airline headquartered and based at Bratislava Airport. The airline is IOSA certified and is a member of AIR-E, Airlines International Representation in Europe.

The company is a part of Avia Solutions Group, a global aviation business group.

Operations
AirExplore operates a fleet of 8 passenger aircraft and a 2 cargo aircraft, all Boeing 737-800. The airline specialises in leasing (ACMI) its aircraft to many different airlines around the world, mainly for seasonal operations, but it also operates chartered flights for tour operators, sports teams and other companies.

The airline started operations in 2010 with a single Boeing 737-400 aircraft. It expanded its fleet by adding a Boeing 737-300 aircraft to it in 2011, before introducing an additional three Boeing 737-400 aircraft until 2014. Between 2014 and 2019, it gradually updated its fleet to only include Boeing 737-800 aircraft.

In July 2020, the airline introduced scheduled flights between Bratislava and Split, flying the route twice a week during the summer season. Since then, it has also operated scheduled flights between Košice and Zadar once a week during the summer season as well as between Bratislava and Stockholm every two weeks year-round.

On 25 August 2022, the airline took delivery of its first cargo aircraft, a converted Boeing 737-800, which it operates on behalf of RDS Cargo Group.

In June 2023, AirExplore was acquired by Avia Solutions Group, the world's largest ACMI (aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance) provider.

Fleet

Current fleet

As of June 2023 the fleet of AirExplore consists of the following aircraft:

Previously operated
 1 Boeing 737-300
 4 Boeing 737-400
 2 Boeing 737-800

References

External links

Official website

Airlines of Slovakia
Slovakian companies established in 2008
Airlines established in 2008


title: Hot Nigga

text:
"Hot Nigga" (censored on the album as "Hot N*gga", edited for radio as "Hot Boy" or "Hot Ni") is the debut single by American rapper Bobby Shmurda. It was released for digital download on July 25, 2014 by Epic Records and GS9 as the lead single from Shmurda's debut EP Shmurda She Wrote. The song includes production from Jahlil Beats, which was originally used by Lloyd Banks for his 2012 song, "Jackpot". The music video contains a choreography that was later named the "Shmoney dance". The song and the video became popular in 2014 among Vine users, which led to the "Shmoney dance" phenomenon. Additionally, several unofficial remixes by various rappers have been made. The song has peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming the artist's first and only top 10 single in the United States. "Hot Nigga" was a commercial success, being certified Platinum in the United States.

Music video
The official music video was uploaded to Shmurda's Vevo account on August 1, 2014. The video was made in the spring of 2014 and was originally uploaded on Maine Fetti's YouTube on March 28, 2014. It was recorded in East Flatbush, Brooklyn and the video on his Vevo channel has received over 800 million views on YouTube as of July 2022.

Remixes
Freestyles by various rappers have since then been released among which are Juicy J, French Montana, Lil' Kim,Lil Wayne, Gunplay, T.I.,Jeezy, Lil Herb, Ace Hood, Chevy Crocker,  Shy Glizzy, and Problem.

Two official remixes have been released. On August 29, 2014, Shmurda released a reggae remix, featuring Junior Reid, Mavado, Popcaan and Jah X. Another remix, featuring Fabolous, Jadakiss, Chris Brown, Rowdy Rebel, Busta Rhymes and Yo Gotti was released on September 5, 2014.

In popular culture
The song and the video became popular in 2014 among Vine users, which led to the "Shmoney dance" meme (such as "Where They At Tho?", "21", and more). One line from the song, "About a week ago!" appeared in the vast majority of these Vines and played a large role in the spread of the song. In July 2014, Beyoncé did the dance move on a venue of her On the Run Tour. The move was also performed by NFL receiver Brandon Gibson after a touchdown.

Drake used the song while hosting the 2014 ESPY Awards.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

See also
List of number-one R&B/hip-hop songs of 2014 (U.S.)

References

2014 debut singles
2014 songs
Epic Records singles
East Coast hip hop songs
Internet memes
Gangsta rap songs
Trap music songs
Drill songs
Bobby Shmurda songs


title: Woman Up

text:
Woman Up may refer to:

 "Woman Up", a song by Ashley Roberts from her 2014 album Butterfly Effect
 "Woman Up", a song by Meghan Trainor from her 2016 album Thank You


title: Buffy helmetcrest

text:
The buffy helmetcrest (Oxypogon stuebelii)  is a Vulnerable species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.

Taxonomy and systematics

The buffy helmetcrest was formerly considered to be a subspecies of what was known as the bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii). The buffy helmetcrest was promoted to species status when the bearded helmetcrest was split into four species based on a study of biometric and plumage data published in 2013. The nominate subspecies was renamed the green-bearded helmetcrest. The buffy helmetcrest is monotypic.

Description

The buffy helmetcrest is  long. It has a short straight black bill. The male has a long buffy and black crest and a mostly black face with a buffy-white "collar". Its upperparts are bronzy green. It has a thin glittering green and blue gorget that forms a "beard". The rest of the underparts are grayish bronzy that blends to cinnamon-buff on the undertail coverts. The tail is moderately long and forked. Its upper side is coppery to bronzy green with the outer feathers showing a wide white stripe; the underside is rufous with some pale cinnamon. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, and its underparts are rufous buff to brownish with greenish flecks. Juveniles resemble the adult female; the male has a partial crest and beard.

Distribution and habitat

The buffy helmetcrest is found only on Nevado del Ruiz, an active volcano in the Colombian Central Andes on the border of Tolima and Caldas departments and the surrounding area. It inhabits humid open páramo where it favors Espeletia plants.

Behavior

Movement

The buffy helmetcrest is thought to be sedentary, but might move to lower elevations in the dry season like its congener the white-bearded helmetcrest (O. lindenii).

Feeding

The buffy helmetcrest feeds on nectar; it especially favors Espeletia schultzii. It nectars by clinging to flowers rather than hovering. It also feeds on insects and their larvae. It catches insects on the ground or by jumping or hawking from the ground or a perch. It picks larvae from vegetation.

Breeding

Nothing has been documented of the buffy helmetcrest's breeding phenology.

Vocalization

The buffy helmetcrest's song is "a repeated, high-pitched, single note 'tsee'...[repeated] every 3–5 seconds)." During the wet season, males sing for minutes on end from a perch.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the buffy helmetcrest as Vulnerable. It has a very small range, and though much of that area is within Los Nevados National Park, its páramo habitat elsewhere is being rapidly degraded. Its population is estimated at under 1000 mature individuals and is believed to be decreasing.

References

buffy helmetcrest
Birds of the Colombian Andes
Endemic birds of Colombia
buffy helmetcrest


title: Auburn Mall

text:
Auburn Mall may refer to:
Auburn Mall (Alabama) in Auburn, Alabama
Auburn Mall (Maine) in Auburn, Maine
Auburn Mall (Massachusetts) in Auburn, Massachusetts


The Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw (PCMA UW; ) operates as an independent research institute of the University of Warsaw under the present name since 1990. It is dedicated to organizing, implementing and coordinating archaeological research, both excavations and study projects, as well as conservation, reconstruction and restoration projects, in northeastern Africa, the Near East and Cyprus. Projects include sites covering a broad chronological spectrum from the dawn of civilization (prehistoric times) through all the historic periods of the ancient Mediterranean civilizations to Late Antiquity and early Islam. Tasks beside fieldwork include comprehensive documentation of finds, archives management and publication of the results in keeping with international research standards. The PCMA manages the Research Centre in Cairo and Polish Archaeological Unit in Khartoum.

History
The PCMA draws on the pioneering archaeological work of Polish archaeologist and egyptologist Prof. Kazimierz Michałowski. It is the direct continuator, since 1990, of the Research Centre in Cairo, Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsaw, which Michałowski established in 1959. It was the first Polish institution dedicated to archaeological research in the Nile Valley.

Publications
The PCMA publishes the results of its excavation and restoration projects in an annual journal and a series of monographs.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

Polish Archeology in the Mediterranean is an annual open access academic journal published by the PCMA since 1990. Since 2007 it has published it jointly with the University of Warsaw Press. Initially, it published the results of work by Polish archaeologists working with PCMA UW expeditions in the Mediterranean region (in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Cyprus). Over time, it evolved into a fully peer-reviewed journal with an extended subject area. The territorial scope covers the broadly understood Middle East and North Africa region, including the Arabian Peninsula and the Caucasus. The chronological range covers periods from prehistory through all historical periods to the Late Islamic period. Since 2013, additional thematic fascicles on specific topics have been published occasionally.

Studia Palmyreńskie

Studia Palmyreńskie is book series published by the PCMA, together with the University of Warsaw Press (except volumes X and XI), presenting the results of archaeological research in Palmyra. It has been published since 1966 and was originally a journal, converting to a monograph series in 2014. The thematic scope of the title, apart from archaeological discoveries, also includes the history of the city, its religions, art and epigraphy.

The journal’s founder and first editor-in-chief was Kazimierz Michałowski. Since 1985 it was edited by Michał Gawlikowski. Since its transformation in 2014, the editor of the series is Grzegorz Majcherek.

The journal begun as a publication for young explorers but quickly grew into a proper academic outlet. In 1974 the journal has been described as "unique" and the only journal with that specific focus.

Other series
PAM Monograph Series
PAM Supplement Series
PCMA Excavation Series
PCMA Archaeological Guides

Conferences
The PCMA UW is a joint organizer of the annual "Poles on the Nile" and "Poles on the Near East" conferences, presenting the results of excavations carried out by Polish teams. The PCMA UW co-organized a number of prominent international conferences, including the "11th International Conference of Nubian Studies" in 2006, the " 8th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East" in 2012, and the "Red Sea 8" in 2017.

References

External links
 Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology home page
 Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej on Facebook
 "Poles on the Nile" conference
 11th International Conference of Nubian Studies

University of Warsaw
Archaeological research institutes


title: Corona de lágrimas (1965 TV series)

text:
Corona de lágrimas is a Mexican telenovela, written and produced by Manuel Canseco Noriega and Valentín Pimstein for Telesistema Mexicano in 1965. It stars Prudencia Grifell, Enrique del Castillo and Jorge Lavat.

Plot
It is the story of a mother who suffers from her three children, and one of her sons despises her and does not support the poverty in which his family live.

Cast
Prudencia Grifell as Refugio Moncada de Chavero "Doña Cuca"
Enrique del Castillo as Ignacio Chavero Moncada
Jorge Lavat as Edmundo "Dandy" Chavero Moncada
Evita Muñoz as Olga Ancira
Raúl Meraz as Fernando Chavero Moncada
Pilar Sen as Julieta de Fuentes
Aurora Alvarado as Lucero Fuentes

Versions
In 1968, a film version with the same name was made, also written by Canseco Noriega and adapted and directed by Alejandro Galindo. In 2012, a free version of the same soap opera adaptation of Jesús Calzada and produced by José Alberto Castro was performed.

References

External links

Spanish-language telenovelas
Televisa telenovelas
1965 telenovelas
1965 Mexican television series debuts
1965 Mexican television series endings

es:Corona de lágrimas (telenovela de 1965)


title: Alanya Oba Stadium

text:
The Alanya Oba Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Alanya, Turkey. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Süper Lig team Alanyaspor.

The stadium was built in 2011 and currently holds 10,128 all seated.

References

External links
http://www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_pictures/middle_east/turkey/mediterranean/alanya_oba.shtml

Süper Lig venues
Football venues in Turkey
Multi-purpose stadiums in Turkey
Sports venues completed in 2011
Alanyaspor
2011 establishments in Turkey
Sports venues in Antalya


title: Jimmy Gaines

text:
Jimmy Gaines (born May 11, 1993) is a former American football linebacker. He played college football at Miami. He signed with the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2014.

High school
Gaines attended Canisius High School in Buffalo, New York. In his high school career, Gaines played a variety of positions including linebacker, safety, tight end, tailback, and wide receiver. He ended his career with 61 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, 270 receiving yards, two receiving touchdowns, 154 tackles (108 solo), three sacks, one interception, and one fumble recovery. For his accomplishments, Gaines was named to the Class A NYSSA second-team All State team.

Considered a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was given a Rivals Rating of 5.4. He accepted a scholarship offer from the Miami Hurricanes.

College career
As a true freshman in 2010, Gaines played in five games and recorded only one assisted tackle. In his sophomore year, Jimmy earned the starting job out of training camp and saw action in all 12 games, while starting eight. He had 58 tackles, the fifth-highest total on the team, and three tackles-for-loss. Gaines continued his strong play in 2012, playing in 11 games and again finishing fifth on the team with 57 tackles. He had three tackles-for-loss, as well as a fumble recovery, a pass breakup, and two interceptions. In his final season, Gaines started all 13 games at middle linebacker, recording 83 tackles, good for second on the team, two tackles-for-loss, one forced fumble, two fumble recoveries, and one pass breakup.

Gaines was named Strength Training Athlete of the Year after his senior season.

Professional career

2014 NFL Draft
Jimmy Gaines was not selected during the 2014 NFL Draft, but signed as an undrafted free agent with his hometown team, the Buffalo Bills. On September 1, 2015, he was released by the Bills.

References

External links

Living people
1993 births
American football linebackers
Edmonton Elks players
Miami Hurricanes football players
People from Amherst, New York
Players of American football from Erie County, New York
Players of Canadian football from New York (state)


title: 2014 Gaza War in video games

text:
During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, authors sympathetic to both of the sides released video game apps on the Google Play Store and App Store concerning the conflict. The themes and content of the games caused controversy, and several were removed.

Pro-Israeli apps

Bomb Gaza was an app released on 29 July 2014 and was downloaded between 500 and 1,000 times before being removed for Google Play on 4 August. Its logo was an F16 fighter jet, as used by the Israeli Defense Forces, and its description was to "drop bombs and avoid killing civilians". The app's maturity setting was set at low, which made it available to younger users. Bomb Gaza was also playable on Facebook before being removed by 5 August. The site retains a page which describes the game as "very addictive and fun".

Other games on Google Play included Gaza Assault: Code Red, which described itself with  "Terrorist cells are launching rockets into your country, do you have what it takes to protect your citizens?", and the player controls an Israeli drone. There was also Whack the Hamas, in which the player fights members of Hamas. Its description was "The Hamasites are coming out of their tunnels! Don't let them escape, otherwise they will hurt innocent civilians!" The game claimed to be "inspired by the operation 'Tzuk Eitan'.", an Israeli name for the conflict, often translated to Operation Protective Edge in English. Both were removed by 5 August.

Iron Dome Missile Defense was released by Simon Rosenzweig on 30 July to Apple's App Store, and involves the player using Israel's Iron Dome to defend a city from an unnamed "enemy". Rosenzweig did not name this "enemy" deliberately, stating "I wish not to see apps that support hate in any way".

Pro-Palestinian apps

A series of mobile game apps that sympathize with the Palestinians were released on mobile application storefronts in 2014. Rocket Pride was developed by Best Arabic Games. Its description is "supporting heroes besieged in the Gaza Strip from an oppressive occupier" by "controlling the resistance missiles and hitting the objectives assigned to them" through outmanoeuvring the Iron Dome. The game was removed from Google Play on August 5, 2014. Gaza Hero begins with a screen saying "curse Israel". A gameplay mechanic involved the player tapping Israeli soldiers to turn them into food and medicine. In another game Gaza Defender, the player is expected to shoot down Israeli aircraft.

Liyla and the Shadows of War, a 2016 mobile game developed by Palestinian software engineer Rasheed Abueideh, follows the struggles of a Palestinian family's attempts to survive a series of armed attacks in their neighbourhood. The game aims to raise awareness about the treatment of Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip by Israeli security forces. Apple's initial decision to reject the listing of Liyla as a game on the Apple Store in May 2016 generated significant coverage from commentators as well as public outcry, which led to a reversal of their position a week after the original release date of Liyla. In June 2021, the PC version of Liyla became the centerpiece for a charity relief bundle that benefit Palestinian civilians, which was offered by indie game developers on the Itch.io website in response to the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis.

Reaction
A Google spokesperson said that although the corporation does not comment on specific apps, it "remove[s] apps from Google Play that violate [their] policies." These policies ban apps that advocate "against groups of people based on their race or ethnic origin", or are threatening.

Amnesty International UK said that the apps were "in highly questionable taste" and that players "should consider closing their war games app and instead read about real life right now in Gaza City, Rafah or indeed in southern Israel."

Chris Doyle, the Director of the Council for Arab-British Understanding said of the games “You can have video games that deal with war, but when you base it in a reality of a conflict that’ going on right now it’s extremely problematic. It’s in very, very poor taste and it doesn’t create a culture of peace - and we need to, more than ever before.” He added "Google, Facebook or any other company that host such games, should be reviewing their policies and making absolutely all efforts to ensure that such games are not hosted on their platforms."

Morton Klein, president of the Zionist Organization of America, said "It is both deplorable and dangerous to glorify Israelis killing Arabs or Arabs killing Israelis."

See also

Islamic Fun, a software package including a mini-game where the player fights Israel
Muslim Massacre: The Game of Modern Religious Genocide, an online game where the player kills Muslims for the United States

References

Android (operating system) games
Video game controversies
Mass media about the Arab–Israeli conflict
2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
Propaganda video games
Video games developed in Israel
Video games developed in the State of Palestine


title: Fencing at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's individual épée

text:
The women's individual épée competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan was held on 1 October at the Gangseo Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
DNS — Did not start

Preliminary pool

Knockout round

Final standing

References
2002 Asian Games Report, Page 410

External links
 Official website

Women Epee


title: Museo archeologico regionale Paolo Orsi

text:
The Museo Archeologico Regionale Paolo Orsi of Syracuse, Sicily is one of the principal archaeological museums of Europe.

History
In 1780 the Bishop Alagona inaugurated the Museo del Seminario which became the Museo Civico near the archbishop's house in 1808. Subsequently, a royal decree of 17 June 1878 sanctioned the creation of the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Siracusa, which was only inaugurated in 1886, in its historic location on the cathedral square.

From 1895 to 1934 Paolo Orsi directed the museum, but the increasing number of finds made a new space necessary at the current location in the garden of the villa Landolina. The new museum space, designed by the architect Franco Minissi was inaugurated in January 1988, with two floors of 9,0002. Initially only one floor and a basement of 3,000 m2 containing an auditorium were open to the public.

In 2006, a new exhibition area on the upper floor was inaugurated, dedicated to the classical period, but more space still remained unused. In 2014 a final expansion allowed the display of the Sarcophagus of Adelphia and other finds from the catacombs of Syracuse.

A free partnership with Google Business Photos and Google Street View Indoor has mapped the entire museum and dozen of its archelogical finds into a Google web platform. Launched online in 2016, it provided the first 360° interactive tour for a cultural institution of the southern Italy.

Museum

The museum contains artefacts from the prehistoric, Greek and Roman periods found in archaeological excavations in the city and other sites in Sicily.

The space is divided into four sectors (A – D) and a central space (Area 1) which is dedicated to the history of the museum and briefly overviews the material displayed in the individual sectors.

Sector A
Sector A is dedicated to the prehistoric (Upper Palaeolithic-Iron Age) with a display of rocks and fossils which testify to the various animals found in Sicily in the Quaternary. It is preceded by a section which displays the geological characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea and the Iblean zone.

Sector B

In sector B, dedicated to the Greek colonies in Sicily from the Ionic and Doric period, it is possible to see the locations of the Greek colonies in Sicily and their respective mother cities. Also on display:
 a headless marble statue of a Kouros, found at Leontini from the fifth century BC.
 a limestone kourotrophos, a headless female statue, holding two twins, which was found at Megara Hyblaea.
 votive statues of Demeter and Kore and a gorgon from the Doric colony at Megara Hyblaea
 a head of Augustus found at Centuripe.

Sector C
In sector C there are finds from the colonies of Syracuse: Akrai (664 BC), Kasmenai (644 BC), Camarina (598 BC), Eloro, as well as finds from other centres of eastern Sicily, Gela and Agrigento.

Sector D

Sector D, located on the upper floor and inaugurated in 2006, contains finds from the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It contains two of the most celebrated pieces in the museum, the Paleo-Christian Sarcophagus of Adelphia and the Venus Anadiomene, also called Venus Landolina after the location of its discovery, found in Syracuse in 1804 and described by Bernabò Brea as "for the excellence of its sculpting, an exquisite treatment of the naked form, of incredibly liveliness and softness". Moreover, a selection of coins from the numismatic cabinet of the piazza Duomo is on display.

Villa Landolina
Located next to the ancient Villa Landolina, outside the Museum, it is possible to visit the park opposite with finds from the Greek and Roman periods, as well as a non-Catholic cemetery with the tomb of the poet August von Platen.

References

External links

 Partner site with information & ticketing

Buildings and structures in Syracuse, Sicily
Museums in Sicily
Archaeological museums in Italy
Museums of ancient Greece in Italy
Museums of ancient Rome in Italy


title: Dom Telford

text:
Dominic David Telford (born 5 December 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for  club Barrow.

Early life
Telford was born in Burnley and grew up in Clitheroe where he attended Ribblesdale High School. He played youth football for Clitheroe Wolves and also played for Lancashire Schools at Under-16 level, making 12 appearances for them in 2012–13.

Club career

Blackpool
He joined Blackpool as a first-year scholar with the youth team in June 2013 playing regularly for them in his first year with the club. In December, just after his 17th birthday, he was nominated for the League Football Education's goal of the month for November for a goal against Bury which was followed by a second nomination in January 2014 for a goal in December 2013 against Liverpool. The 35-yard chip against Liverpool was also nominated for the goal of the season award in June 2014.

He made his first-team debut for the club on 9 August as an 88th-minute substitute in the opening-day fixture against Nottingham Forest. In only his second substitute appearance for Blackpool, on 28 December, Telford scored his first senior goal, the equaliser in a 1–1 draw with Rotherham United.

Stoke City
Telford joined Stoke City in July 2015 along with Blackpool teammate Mark Waddington. In August 2017 Telford joined League One side Bristol Rovers on loan for the 2017–18 season. He scored his first goals for Bristol Rovers when he scored twice in an EFL Trophy tie against Wycombe Wanderers on 29 August 2017. Telford played 24 times for Rovers scoring five goals as they finished in 13th position.

Bury
Telford joined Bury on a two-year contract in July 2018.
While being used mainly from the substitutes bench during league games Telford became a regular starter in this seasons Checkatrade cup. This led him to the top of the goalscoring charts and earning the nickname "Mr Checkatrade"

Plymouth Argyle
On 11 July 2019, Telford joined up with Ryan Lowe, who had been his manager at Bury, by signing for Plymouth Argyle.

Newport County
On 28 January 2021, Telford joined League Two side Newport County on a permanent 18-month contract. He made his Newport debut in the 2–1 defeat against Harrogate Town in League Two on 30 January 2021 as a second-half substitute. Telford scored his first goal for Newport in the 1–1 League Two draw against Exeter City on 16 February 2021.

After an impressive month which saw him score eight goals in just six matches, Telford was awarded the EFL League Two Player of the Month Award for October 2021. A further four goals in four matches saw Telford receive the award for a second successive month. On 29 January 2022, Telford scored both goals as Newport defeated Barrow 2–1. This took his league goals tally to 20 for the season, becoming the first Newport player to hit this target in the top four divisions since John Aldridge in the 1983–84 season. In April 2022 Telford and Newport County teammate Finn Azaz were named in the EFL League Two team of the season. Telford finished the 2021–22 season as the top scorer in League Two with 25 league goals. In June 2022 Telford was named in the PFA Team of the Year. Newport offered Telford a contract extension but on 17 June 2022 Telford announced his decision to leave the club.

Crawley Town
On 24 June 2022, League Two club Crawley Town announced that Telford would join the club on a three-year contract upon the expiration of his contract at Newport County. He made his Crawley debut in their 1–0 away loss to Carlisle United on 30 July 2022. He scored his first Crawley goal in their 3–2 win over Stockport County.

Barrow
On 25 August 2023, Telford signed a two-year deal with EFL League Two side Barrow.

Career statistics

Honours
Bury
EFL League Two runner-up: 2018–19

Individual
 PFA Team of the Year: 2021–22 EFL League Two
 EFL League Two Team of the Season: 2021–22
 EFL League Two Top Scorer: 2021–22
 EFL League Two Player of the Month: October 2021, November 2021

References

Dom signs for Barrow

External links

1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Burnley
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Blackpool F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
English Football League players


title: Frank Toovey Lake

text:
Frank Toovey Lake (1849–1868) died while serving in Japan with the British Royal Navy. After his death at the age of 19, he was interred on the island of Sanuki Hiroshima in the Seto Inland Sea. Since his burial – and until the present day – the islanders have steadfastly maintained the grave. This led to admiration among the late 19th-century British community in Japan including prominent members such as the British Ambassador Sir Ernest Satow, and a number of newspaper articles appeared around the world in 1899 recounting the story and praising the conscientiousness of the local people. Since then the grave's story has continued to feature in the world's media, and continues to be celebrated in Japan as a demonstration of the historic relationship between the two countries.
Lake's story also involves Richard Henry Brunton and Thomas B Glover as well as the aforementioned Ernest Satow, all of whom had important roles in Japan's modernisation during the Meiji era.
In 2018, celebrations to mark the 150 anniversary of his death took place around his grave.

Early life

Frank Toovey Lake was born into a professional family in 1849. His father was a civil engineer involved with the construction of the Grand Junction Canal and his mother's family were mill-owners in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England. He was the middle son of three siblings all of whom were raised in Kings Langley. When the three children were still young, their mother died of cholera at the age of 29 in 1854; their father died ten years later of tuberculosis and both were buried in the graveyard of All Saints, Kings Langley

Frank and his older brother were educated at St Albans School - also known then as King Edward VI Grammar School. Both were boarders Lake left school at the age of fourteen and entered the Royal Navy as a Naval Cadet, joining HMS Britannia to begin his officer training. In order to gain entry to the Royal Navy he needed to pass an entrance exam taken at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth. This he took in April 1864 and was awarded a Second Class Cadetship along with 48 First Class entrants and 11 further Second Class entrants. They all joined HMS Britannia. A year later he took a second exam, passed and was able to join a sea-going ship as a midshipman where he continued his training.

Naval career

Lake's naval record shows that the first ship he joined was HMS Argus – at that time stationed in Hong Kong - which he reached after four months sailing from England. Argus was a wooden hulled paddle-sloop, a fighting vessel with six cannon and a complement of 175 and, after sailing from Hong Kong with Lake on board, she spent most of her time in Japanese waters

Eighteen months later in 1867, Lake transferred to HMS Manilla stationed in Shanghai. She remained in Chinese waters for a number of months before sailing east to Japan. (Manilla was originally a merchant vessel, a three-masted, steam powered schooner, bought by the Royal Navy in Shanghai in 1866, and purchased because the Navy required a small vessel that could be used for a variety of duties including acting as a store ship and carrying mail to ships.)

In November 1868, HMS Manilla was assigned duties to help Richard Henry Brunton survey potential sites for the erection of lighthouses around Japan's coastline. Brunton, along with his assistant Arthur W Blundell and a party of Japanese officials, embarked at Yokohama and then sailed south with a list of fourteen sites to visit.

The island of Sanuki Hiroshima was one of the sites on Brunton's list. They reached here on the morning of Sunday 20 December. Prayers were said and then the ‘Engineers Party’ disembarked to start their survey.

Death

At 2.5pm, the Ships Log records ‘Departed this life, Frank Toovey Lake, Navigating Midshipman.’

No explanation was written in the Log or Muster book as to the reason for his death. However, it is known Lake's death was sudden and unexpected as, in his memoirs Schoolmaster to an Empire published many years later, Brunton wrote, "Eventually we reached [Sanuki] Hiroshima. Here an incident occurred which is worth narrating, as showing another, but this time a most pleasing and praiseworthy phase of Japanese character. One of the midshipmen on the Manilla, a lad of nineteen, died quite suddenly while the vessel was at anchor."

(However, in a death notice printed in The London and China Telegraph in March 1869, it says he died after a short illness. This indicates that perhaps his death was the result of cholera, a common and often sudden cause of death among sailors.)

The next day, Lake was buried on Sanuki Hiroshima in the village of Enoura. The ship's log records, ‘9.30 Officers and Ships Company landed to inter the remains of the late Mr Lake, Navigating Midshipman.’

Brunton described the funeral in his memoirs, 'He was buried on the shore of a beautiful bay, the whole ship's crew accompanying the coffin. The officers, fellow countrymen of the dead youth, stood in a group at a respectful distance, while the ceremony was proceeding. When it was over they approached, and the Tokio officer made a sympathetic little speech. He finished it by saying that in Japan it was the custom to present flowers to the dead, but as there were none in the locality, he asked permission to place a headstone at the grave, and explained that he had written to his government asking that orders be given to have the tomb carefully preserved and taken care of by the local authorities. Immediately after the funeral ceremony was over, a very pretty sight was presented by quite a number of aged men and women approaching with shrubs and twigs, which they reverently laid on the grave. These proceedings at Hiroshima considerably enhanced the European's opinion of Japanese character, so far at least as kindliness of disposition is concerned.'

After the funeral party returned to the Manilla at 10.40, a volley of blank cartridges was fired, the anchor weighed and the Manilla sailed towards Nagasaki. (All this noted in HMS Manilla'''s logbook.)

Grave

The story behind the grave was passed on by the villagers over the years and, eventually a sign was erected next to the grave recounted that story. Written in Japanese, an English translation records, ‘Here lies the body of the British Officer Lake [in Japanese it is written as Re-ki], a surveying officer who died in 1866 when his ship, HMS Sylvia was sailing on the Seto Nai Kai Sea. His ship moored off Hiroshima, the nearest island and they buried his body in a remote place on the western edge of Enoura village. After erecting a cross, they left. Then in 1868 a wealthy villager, called Okara Haju felt pity for the spirit of the officer, gave him a Japanese name Hasegawa Saboro Bei and registered his death at the local temple. He then erected this tombstone in commemoration.’

[These facts were incorrect in terms of date and ship for reasons that will be explained below.]

Brunton recorded in his memoirs that in 1872 he revisited the grave and found it being well tended by the villagers. (At the time, one of his lighthouses was under construction on the nearby island of Nabeshima.)

Captain Henry St John commanded the British survey vessel HMS Sylvia in the late 1860s and through the 1870s. They spent an extensive period in Japanese waters and made several visits to Sanuki Hiroshima. In 1880, St John published an account of his life at sea around China, Japan and Korea, and wrote of visiting Lake's grave...'on and off for years I visited the spot and always found the simple grave thus watched and cared for.'

In 1876, while making his final visit to Sanuki Hiroshima, Captain Henry St John wrote a letter to the Mayor of Hiroshima: 'Sir – I beg to thank you very much for the goodness and kindness of yourself and the inhabitants of Hiroshima shewn in taking care and tending the grave of the English naval officer, who was buried here in 1866. I am sir H C St John.' (This note is available for view in the Seto Inland Sea Folk History Museum near Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture.)

This explains the discrepancy with the date of death and ship's name in the sign alongside the grave, (and a discrepancy found in many other accounts until recently: clearly it was assumed that Lake had served with St John and, for reasons unknown, St John had written the wrong date of death).

Jumping forward to 1897, an American sailor Captain George W Conner became aware of the grave. Connor was employed by the shipping company Nippon Yusen Kaisha, and he often sailed through the Inland Sea. He informed Thomas Blake Glover who in turn brought it to the notice of John Carey Hall, the British Consul in Kobe Hall then informed Ernest Satow, the British Ambassador in Tokyo, who wrote to Viscount Aoki Shuzo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, of his gratitude that the grave was being tended by the islanders

 The Grave – First newspaper reports

In 1899, extensive articles about the grave and the story behind it appeared in English language Japanese newspapers such as the Japan Mail, the Kobe Weekly Chronicle, and the Nagasaki Press before appearing in newspapers worldwide including the London Times and The Sketch in the UK, and the Colonist in New Zealand. One of the stories in the Kobe Weekly Chronicle reported:

'While coming up from Miyajima in the Snowflake, Mr [Alexander Cameron] Sim and Mr [Mark] Baggallay visited Inoura, a village situated on a small island in the Inland Sea named Hiroshima of Kagawa Prefecture (which must not be confused with the well-known Hiroshima near Ujian) where there exists the tomb of a British officer who was buried there more than thirty years ago. On casting anchor at Inoura, which is situated on the shores of a beautiful land-locked bay, an old fisherman in a sampan close by was asked if he knew of a foreigner's grave in the neighbourhood. He replied in the affirmative and at once took Messrs Sim and Baggallay shore and conducted them to the spot which is situated somewhat apart from the Japanese cemetery, and is evidently very carefully tended.'

The Times 7 July

"THE GRAVE OF A BRITISH NAVAL OFFICER IN JAPAN.—Recently a report came to the ears of the British Consul at Hiogo that the grave of a British naval officer existed near a village on the island of Hiroshima, in the Inland Sea of Japan-a place rarely visited by any foreigner-and that, for some reason, it was carefully kept in order by the peasants in the neighbourhood. The Consul accordingly communicated with the Governor of the prefecture in which the island is situated; inquiries were made, and the Governor was able to send to the Consul a history of the lonely grave. The story was appended by the Governor to a formal despatch of his own, and was obviously drawn up by the village headman or some equally humble official, and it is worth giving in full. The Sylvia, the vessel mentioned, was for many years engaged in surveying off the coasts of Japan:--‘In the first year of Meiji, corresponding to A.D. 1868, H.B.M.S. Sylvia was proceeding on a voyage through the Inland Sea when an officer on board, named Lake, fell ill. He was landed on the island of Hiroshima, at the village of Hiroshima, in the district of Naka, province of Sanuki, and prefecture of Kagawa. The Sylvia proceeded along the coast of Hiroshima and cast anchor at Enoura Bay, to await the officer’s recovery. In a few days, however, he died, and Captain St. John buried his remains in ground belonging to the temple of Ikwoji above Enoura shrine, and, having set up a wooden cross to mark the grave, departed. Several years afterwards, when this monument had almost decayed from the effects of wind and rain, frost and snow, Awaburi Tokwan, Superior of Ikwoji Temple, and others said:--"Truly it would be too sad if the grave of our solitary guest from afar, who has become a spirit in a strange land, were suffered to pass out of all knowledge." Thereupon Terawaki Kaemon, head of a village guild, and other sympathisers, such as Oka Ryohaku, set on foot a scheme for the erection of a stone monument, and, the shore folk all with one accord 222 lending their help, the work was finally brought to completion. This was on the 7th day of the eleventh month of the fourth year of Meiji—that is, 1871. Since then nearly 30 winters have passed, during which time the islanders have not neglected to take good care of the tomb. In particular, from the 10th to the 16th day of the seventh month, old style, there are still persons found who every year clean and sweep the grave, and, offering up flowers and incense, mourn for and console the spirit of the dead.’"

 The Grave in 20th Century

On 3 and 4 September 1932, two reports of the burial of Lake were printed in the Osaka Asahi Shimbun (Kagawa edition). "One of the articles noted that an elderly woman of 87 was interviewed who said that she had seen the burial and heard a cannon being fired when she was 19 and how frightened she was. She reported that several foreign ships had come to the island; when the crew landed she saw that their weapons had been covered in white cloth and were pointing downwards. They arrived with one Japanese man and she hid in the bushes as they dug the grave and lowered a strange looking coffin into it. There were these huge noises as they dug; several days later another foreign vessel fired a cannon that damaged part of the beach."

To date it has not been possible to definitely identify the name of the vessel that fired the cannon but it is thought to be HMS Icarus.

So far as is known the story then remained dormant until the Australian journalist and writer Harold S Williams undertook a visit to the grave in 1967. (He lived much of his adult life in Kobe and wrote extensively about Japan in books, newspaper articles and research papers).

He found the grave to be: ‘Tidy and showing ample evidence that it is being regularly tended by villagers, with no less care than is given to their own memorials... there are two vases, one on either side of the gravestone, for evergreens which are frequently renewed, and a cactus has been planted on the left-hand side.’ His story of the grave appeared in the Asahi Evening News under the headline ‘Shades of the Past, Islanders Revere Memory of Seaman Who Died There Over 100 years ago.’

A further account of Sanuki Hiroshima with a brief mention of Lake's grave appeared in This is Japan'' No. 17, 1969 in an article by Rowland G Gould called ‘Lairs of the Forgotten Pirates.’

'The feeling for the sea is even more dramatically evident in the grave of a British naval officer who died on the island while on a survey mission in 1866. On the day I happened by there were flowers and offerings of chocolates on the freshly raked sand before the gravestone that is just outside the Hiroshima Shrine compound. ‘They could not bury him in the shrine compound and make him a Shinto god like Japanese ancestors,’ explained an islander, 'but after a century, nearby villagers spontaneously see to it that the spirit of the Englishman so far from his own ancestors is comforted.'

The Grave in 21st Century

In 2009 the grave was rebuilt; in 2011 a wooden sign alongside the grave was replaced by one carved from granite. In 2014, a research paper was written on Lake's story. While held by the British Library and the Bodleian Library, Oxford University, a version of the paper is available online at Google books which provides the base source for much of this article.

2018 Celebrations

In 2018, a celebration was held around the grave to mark the 150 year anniversary of Lake's death. This might seem a minor event but it was important enough for Paul Madden, the British Ambassador to Japan to note that the monument that was being unveiled is a symbol of the enduring friendship between Japan and the UK:

‘The new granite commemorative monument that is being unveiled today is a fitting and handsome tribute both to Midshipman Lake, and to the enduring friendship that exists between Japan and the UK.’

The ceremony lasted one morning and in attendance were leaders from the local communities, a descendant of the village headman Okara Haju who had erected the original headstone, and the Mayor of Marugame City. It was also attended by a descendant of the Toovey family, and an Englishman Graham Thomas who lives in Japan and who was responsible for researching the history of the grave and ascertaining the correct facts.

In December 2018, the Japan ambassador to the UK, sent a letter of appreciation and this was followed by a second celebration with members of the Japan Coast Guard present. This was both to commemorate the actual day of Lake's death on 20 December but also to celebrate the first beginnings of the Japanese lighthouse service.

References

1849 births
1868 deaths
People from Kings Langley
Royal Navy sailors
19th-century Royal Navy personnel


title: Packing density

text:
A packing density or packing fraction of a packing in some space is the fraction of the space filled by the figures making up the packing. In simplest terms, this is the ratio of the volume of bodies in a space to the volume of the space itself. In packing problems, the objective is usually to obtain a packing of the greatest possible density.

In compact spaces

If  are measurable subsets of a compact measure space
and their interiors pairwise do not intersect, then the collection  is a packing in  and its packing density is
.

In Euclidean space

If the space being packed is infinite in measure, such as Euclidean space, it is customary to define the density as the limit of densities exhibited in balls of larger and larger radii. If  is the ball of radius  centered at the origin, then the density of a packing  is
.
Since this limit does not always exist, it is also useful to define the upper and lower densities as the limit superior and limit inferior of the above respectively. If the density exists, the upper and lower densities are equal. Provided that any ball of the Euclidean space intersects only finitely many elements of the packing and that the diameters of the elements are bounded from above, the (upper, lower) density does not depend on the choice of origin, and  can be replaced by  for every element that intersects .
The ball may also be replaced by dilations of some other convex body, but in general the resulting densities are not equal.

Optimal packing density

One is often interested in packings restricted to use elements of a certain supply collection. For example, the supply collection may be the set of all balls of a given radius. The optimal packing density or packing constant associated with a supply collection is the supremum of upper densities obtained by packings that are subcollections of the supply collection. If the supply collection consists of convex bodies of bounded diameter, there exists a packing whose packing density is equal to the packing constant, and this packing constant does not vary if the balls in the definition of density are replaced by dilations of some other convex body.

A particular supply collection of interest is all Euclidean motions of a fixed convex body . In this case, we call the packing constant the packing constant of . The Kepler conjecture is concerned with the packing constant of 3-balls. Ulam's packing conjecture states that 3-balls have the lowest packing constant of any convex solid. All translations of a fixed body is also a common supply collection of interest, and it defines the translative packing constant of that body.

See also
 Atomic packing factor
 Sphere packing
 List of shapes with known packing constant

References

External links

Packing problems
Discrete geometry


title: Amir Segal

text:
Amir Akiva Segal (; born in 1980 in Tzippori) is a poet, literary critic, employment consultant and the CEO of Ovdim.

Biography
Segal holds a BA in psychology and philosophy from the Hebrew University, and a master's degree in organizational development from the College of Management.

Amir Segal is married to Anya Zhuravel Segal, and lives in Jerusalem.

Literary activity
His poems have been published in several journals, "Iton 77", "Maayan", "Mita'am" Shvo and others

Produced and presented the radio program "Shirat Mecha'a" at "All for Peace" radio station, dealing with Israeli protest songs and poetry.

Served as editor and host of series of evenings "Song of Pain" that dealt with protest songs at Beit Avi Chai in Jerusalem.

Since 2010, serves as a literature critic at Israel Broadcasting Authority.

Since 2013, publishes a weekly poetry review column in the weekly Kav LaMoshav. Segal was named "the most important poetry critic in Israel today" by Ilan Berkovich.

Political activity
During his undergraduate studies Amir Segal chaired the Israeli Labor Party students organization at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

Segal served as a member of the Board of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.

Segal was deputy chairman of the junior faculty staff union at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheba.

In June 2021 Segal was elected as a member of Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry Board – as the doctoral students representative.

Books
"On My Return From the Reserves", Gvanim, 2008, poetry

"West of Here", on the site of Beit Avi Chai, 2013, serialized novel

The Other Land, Iton 77 Publishers, 2014, poetry

Awards
Awarded the Rafi Farbman Young Poets Award in 2011.

Recipient of the Harry Hershon literature award from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2014.

Recipient of the Rachel Negev Poetry award from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2020.

Recipient of the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry research grant for 2020.

Recipient of the Foundation for the Advancement of Israeli Creators and Creativity grant of ACUM for book publication for 2021

Recipient of the Annenberg Foundation scholarship for American Studies in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for 2022

References

Israeli poets
Hebrew-language poets
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Living people
Israeli literary critics
1980 births
Israeli chief executives
People from Northern District (Israel)


title: Soma Novothny

text:
Soma Zsombor Novothny (born 16 June 1994) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a forward for NB I club Vasas SC.

Club career

Paganese
On 2 September 2013, S.S.C. Napoli loaned Novothny out to Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Paganese Calcio 1926. According to the agreement between the two clubs, Novonthny had opportunities to play more in his new club. Napoli had the option of ending the loan.

Mantova
On 10 September 2014, Novothny debuted in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Mantova F.C. against Lumezzane Calcio. the match ended in a goalless draw. Novonthny was substituted in the 73rd minute.

Südtirol
On 5 January 2015, Novonthny was loaned to Lega Pro Prima Divisione club F.C. Südtirol for the second half of the 2014–15 season. His coach was going to be his former Napoli coach Adolfo Sormani.

On 6 January 2015, Novothny debuted in the F.C. Südtirol in the Lega Pro Prima Divisione against Arezzo Calcio, scoring twice in 4–3 home win.

Diósgyőr
On 19 August 2015, it was officially announced that Novothny signed for Hungarian side Diósgyőri VTK for a one-year loan deal.

Busan IPark
On 20 Match 2019, it was officially announced that Novothny was loaned to Busan IPark.

VfL Bochum
On 7 September 2020, signed for VfL Bochum until June 2022.

On 3 January 2022, "Novothny approached us with the desire to terminate his contract early to pursue a new challenge. We have complied with this request, and thank him for his commitment and wish him all the best," said VfL’s Managing Director of Sport Sebastian Schindzielorz.

Anorthosis Famagusta
On 3 January 2022, it was officially announced that Novothny signed for Anorthosis Famagusta until June 2023.

Vasas SC
On 15 June 2022, it was announced by newly promoted Vasas SC that they had signed Novothny until June 2025 on a free transfer.

Career statistics

References

External links
Photo

1994 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Veszprém
Footballers from Veszprém County
Hungarian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Hungary men's youth international footballers
Hungary men's under-21 international footballers
FC Veszprém footballers
SSC Napoli players
Paganese Calcio 1926 players
Mantova 1911 players
FC Südtirol players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
Diósgyőri VTK players
Újpest FC players
Busan IPark players
VfL Bochum players
Anorthosis Famagusta FC players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Nemzeti Bajnokság II players
Serie C players
K League 2 players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Cypriot First Division players
Hungarian expatriate men's footballers
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
Hungarian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus


title: Fencing at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's team épée

text:
The women's team épée competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 4 October 2002 at the Gangseo Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results

Final standing

References
2002 Asian Games Report, Page 413

External links
 Official website

Women Epee


The Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve includes land and water areas along the St. Louis River and Lake Superior in Douglas County, in the northwest corner of Wisconsin, United States. It is one of 29 National Estuarine Research Reserves. The Reserve is operated as a program of the Natural Resources Institute of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension.  It has an area of , and was designated in 2010.

Location
The Lake Superior Reserve is situated on the westernmost tip of Lake Superior, and represents portions of the lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary within the state of Wisconsin. The St. Louis River is the largest United States tributary to Lake Superior and flows  through a  watershed within Wisconsin and Minnesota, eventually creating  of the boundary between the two states.

Diversity
The site is diverse and includes the following representative ecosystem types: maritime forest-woodland (northern coniferous biome, temperate deciduous forest biome), coastal shrublands, coastal grasslands, coastal marshes and coastal swamps. The hydrographic characteristics of the site include stratified circulation, with a tide type dominated by wind/storm tides and related seiche (sometimes called “slosh”). Surface water runoff from the St. Louis River watershed is the primary source of freshwater into the estuarine system.

The Reserve includes areas of national significance, including the world's largest freshwater bay mouth sand bar (Wisconsin Point), estuarine wetlands, and steep highly erodible red clay bluffs. Significant historic and cultural sites exist within or adjacent to the boundary including Native American cultural sites throughout the estuary and on Wisconsin Point and historic lumbering and shipping sites along the estuary's shore.

The wetlands of the St. Louis River freshwater estuary form one of the largest complexes of estuarine wetlands in the Lake Superior Basin. The coastal wetland complex is a mosaic of varying combinations of submergent marsh, emergent marsh, wet meadows or fens, and wet shrublands. Two Wisconsin State Natural Areas (SNAs) and 11 Wisconsin Priority Wetlands are found within the boundaries.

Recently, Priority Conservation Opportunity Areas were identified for Wisconsin's Wildlife Action Plan. Through that process, the wetlands and boreal forest associated with the St. Louis River freshwater estuary complex were identified as an area of continental significance. While some portions of the Reserve have been influenced and altered by human activities, the many designations and recognitions of valuable habitats within the St. Louis River freshwater estuary complex clearly indicate that there are portions that remain relatively pristine.

On the bay mouth bars that separate the river from Lake Superior, there are rare plant communities that are found only in the Great Lakes region. Major site features include several miles of open sand beach and dunes, small interdunal wetlands, and a xeric forest of white and red pines. The transition zone between boreal forest, northern hardwoods forest, and Great Lakes pine forest is also unique.

Components

The  Lake Superior Reserve is a combination of four distinct land components and portions of the connecting waterways in the northwest corner of Wisconsin where the St. Louis River flows into Lake Superior. Each component possesses its own combination of habitats.

The Reserve includes uplands and submerged lands; riparian and riverine habitat; riverine islands; emergent freshwater marshes, interdunal wetlands and scrub swamp; aspen, dry and hardwood forests; and open sand beach and dunes. The four components are not contiguous but are located within  of each other.

The Red River Breaks
This component consists primarily of state-owned upland and wetland habitats along the St. Louis River. Its  make it the largest component within the Reserve.

Pokegama Bay component
Unique to the Reserve System, the Pokegama Bay component, downstream of Red River Breaks, contains one of the largest municipal forests in the United States. Its  contain extensive forested wetlands, uplands, clay flats and submerged lands.

South of Pokegama Bay
South of Pokegama Bay is the smallest component, the Pokegama-Carnegie Wetlands. Owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), this  area is part of the largest and most intact red clay wetlands remaining in northwest Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Point
The Wisconsin Point component is approximately  of estuarine wetlands, dry forest and Lake Superior water and lake bed. Wisconsin Point has exceptional habitat value and includes a bay mouth bar separating the waters of Lake Superior from Allouez Bay. Native American tribal cultural sites are found on Wisconsin Point and throughout the lower St. Louis River freshwater estuary. The lands within this component are owned by a combination of city, county, state, and university entities.

Sponsors and facilities

The Reserve is sponsored by the Cooperative Extension division of University of Wisconsin-Extension and hosted at the University of Wisconsin-Superior.  Reserve offices and research facilities are on Barker's Island in Superior Bay, part of the Duluth-Superior harbor.

Freshwater estuaries
The Lake Superior Reserve site represents a previously unrepresented biogeographic region within the National Estuarine Research Reserve System – the Great Lakes, Lake Superior subregion. The Lake Superior Reserve and the Old Woman Creek (Lake Erie in Ohio) are the only Great Lakes freshwater estuaries in the Reserve System.

This subregion contains all of Lake Superior and its freshwater estuaries. One of these estuaries formed where the waters of the St. Louis River enter Lake Superior. Lake Superior, which is bordered by Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Ontario, Canada, is the largest of the Great Lakes and the most  pristine.

Freshwater estuaries occur where rivers and Great Lakes water mix in shallow wetlands located near the mouth of a river. The Reserve contains all three common defining characteristics of a Great Lakes freshwater estuary including a) presence of a drowned river mouth b) adequate zone of transition between lake and river water and c) influence from tide or seiche.

References

External links

National Estuarine Research Reserves of the United States
Protected areas of Douglas County, Wisconsin
Estuaries of Wisconsin
Landforms of Douglas County, Wisconsin
Protected areas established in 2010
2010 establishments in Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Superior


title: Duncan Renaldo filmography

text:
Duncan Renaldo (1904–1980) was an American actor of European birth. He was best known in the 1950s United States for his lead role in The Cisco Kid, which co-starred Leo Carrillo as Pancho. The children's television series ran for six years and 156 episodes 1950–1956. He and Carrillo first crossed professional paths in the 1935 film Moonlight Murder. Prior to his television success, Renaldo appeared in 67 feature-length films beginning in the silent era. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer hired him in 1929 for a silent version of The Bridge of San Luis Rey. Paramount Pictures cast him in five films, including the acclaimed Two Years Before the Mast and For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Twenty of his films were for Republic Pictures, appearing alongside Republic lead stars John Wayne, Gene Autry, Roy Rogers and Bob Steele. When Ray Corrigan left the popular Three Mesquiteers series of western films in 1939, rather than immediately casting another actor in his recurring role of Tucson Smith, Republic created the role of Rico for Renaldo who portrayed the character in seven subsequent Mesquiteer films.

Although Renaldo was seen by audiences most often as Spanish surnamed characters, the Romania-born actor never knew his own parents or his ethnic heritage. His film career took a two-year hiatus at McNeil Island Federal Prison for falsifying passport documents by claiming his birthplace as New Jersey. When President Franklin D. Roosevelt granted him a pardon in 1936, he was able to resume his career and was granted full American citizenship by Judge James O'Connor in 1941.

In 1945, he appeared in three Monogram Pictures films as the Cisco Kid, paired with Martin Garralaga as Cisco's sidekick Pancho. Preceding the successful television series, he and Leo Carrillo teamed up in 1949 and 1950 for five feature length Cisco Kid movies for United Artists, four of which he co-produced. For his contributions to the entertainment industry, Renaldo received a star at 1680 Vine Street on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960. Dunan Renaldo also appeared in the Republic Pictures 1937 serial Zorro Rides Again, as Zorro's confidant Renaldo.

Films

See also
Leo Carrillo on stage and screen

Citations

References

External links

Male actor filmographies
American filmographies


title: Butterfly count

text:
Butterfly counts are often carried out in North America and Europe to estimate the populations of butterflies in a specific geographical area.

The counts are conducted by interested, mostly non-professional, residents of the area who maintain an interest in determining the numbers and species of butterflies in their locale.  A butterfly count usually occurs at a specific time during the year and is sometimes coordinated to occur with other counts which may include a park, county, entire state or country. The results of the counts are usually shared with other interested parties including professional lepidopterists and researchers.  The data gathered during a count can indicate population changes and health within a species.

Sponsors
Professionals, universities, clubs, elementary and secondary schools, other educational providers, nature preserves, parks, and amateur organizations can organize a count. The participants often receive training to help them identify the butterfly species. The North American Butterfly Association organized over 400 counts in 2014.

Types of butterfly counts

There are several methods for counting butterflies currently in use, with the notable division being between restricted and open searches.  Most counts are designed to count all butterflies observed in a locality. The purpose of a count is to estimate butterfly populations in a larger area from a smaller sample.

Counts may be targeted at single species and, in some cases, butterflies are observed and counted as they move from one area to another. A heavily researched example of butterfly migration is the annual migration of monarch butterflies in North America. Some programs will tag butterflies to trace their migration routes, but these are migratory programs and not butterfly counts.  Butterfly counts are sometimes done where there is a concentration (a roost) of a species of butterflies in an area.  One example of this is the winter count of western monarch butterflies as they roost together at sites in California, northern Mexico and Arizona.

Restricted searches: transects
Frequently referred to as "Pollard Transects" or "Pollard Walks" in North America, a transect is a protocol designed to standardize the recording of butterfly observations, the initial format was outlined by Ernie Pollard in 1977.  The transect protocol involves one observer walking a fixed path at a constant pace, multiple times in a season.  Butterflies are counted when they are seen within a prescribed distance from the path, often 2.5 meters on either side of the path, and only when the butterflies are seen in front of, or above, the observer (i.e., no backtracking).   A second person may work with the observer to identify and/or photograph insects spotted by the observer.  Transects should not change from year to year and ideally should sample a variety of habitats.

Examples of long-running restricted searches are Art Shapiro's Butterfly Project in the US (started in 1972), and the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (started in 1976).

Open searches
Open searches, also sometimes referred to as "checklist searches", are intended to focus on the presence and abundance of butterflies in a given area.  They can be single events such as the North American Butterfly Association's July 1 and July 4 counts in Canada and the U.S. respectively, or they can be regular or ad hoc counts conducted by individuals or groups.  The lack of formal structure makes them suitable for many citizen science programs.

In terms of the relative outcomes or the efficacy of open vs. restricted searches, studies have shown that open searches are more likely to find a greater number of species in a given area. Royer, et al. note that one reason for this is that during an open search, the "observer is free to search out places where butterflies typically would breed or congregate" rather than follow the fixed path of a transect.

Simplified butterfly assessments
To promote broad public participation in butterfly monitoring, researcher from Austria propose to combine a simplified assessment scheme on group level executed by laypeople, with detailed assessments from butterfly experts. To evaluate their approach, they compared data collected by pupils with independent assessments of professional butterfly experts. Besides some identification uncertainties data collected by trained and supervised pupils were successfully used to predict the general habitat quality for butterflies.

Opportunistic sightings
Opportunistic or incidental sightings are butterfly sightings that are not part of a formal count.  Observers may note signal butterflies or multiple species.  An example of an opportunistic sighting is observing a butterfly in a garden and reporting it.

Atlas projects
Described as a "special type of open search", atlas projects are generally targeted at a specific geographical area such as a province or state.  The goal is to assess the presence or absence of species, usually over a multi-year period. Each atlas program will design its own data requirements but as they are measuring abundance and presence, they tend to accept data from transects, counts, and opportunistic sightings to build a database. The longest-running atlas program in North America is the Ontario Butterfly Atlas Online, which is supported by the Toronto Entomologists' Association and began collecting data in 1969.

Bait stations
Transects and open searches are not as comprehensive in tropical locations due to issues such as the density of flora and the height of the forest canopy.  A counting system using bait stations with fermenting fruit has been used to assess specific populations.

Quantifying observations
Participants are encouraged to employ a number of techniques to quantify large aggregations by making estimates of butterflies:

 concentrated along linear features
 concentrated in an area of uniform habitat
 concentrated on certain plants
 butterflies in flight

The number of butterflies can be estimated by the area size they inhabit, for example, in the overwintering population present in Mexico the population expressed in hectares.
Butterflies can be counted in their egg, larvae and instar number.

Butterflies are sometimes captured, tagged, and recovered.  The number of tags recovered in a specific area is used to determine population size and direction of flight.

See also
 Butterfly Conservation
 North American Butterfly Association
 Lepidoptera migration
 List of butterflies of Great Britain
 Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
 Animal Migration
 eButterfly

References

External links
 UK Big Butterfly Count
 eButterfly - North American butterfly reporting
 NABA Butterfly Counts
 Monarch Watch
 Ontario Butterfly Atlas - a dynamic map of 417,000 butterfly sightings in the province (as of June 2020)
 Butterfly Conservation Europe

Butterflies of North America
Animal migration
Lepidoptera and humans
Biological censuses
Citizen science