title: Head I

text:
Head I is a relatively small oil and tempera on hardboard painting by the Irish-born British figurative artist Francis Bacon. Completed in 1948, it is the first in a series of six heads, the remainder of which were painted the following year in preparation for a November 1949 exhibition at the Hanover Gallery in London. Like the others in the series, it shows a screaming figure alone in a room, and focuses on the open mouth. The work shows a skull which has disintegrated on itself and is largely a formless blob of flesh. The entire upper half has disappeared, leaving only the jaw, mouth and teeth and one ear still intact. It is the first of Bacon's paintings to feature gold background railings or bars; later to become a prominent feature of his 1950s work, especially in the papal portraits where they would often appear as enclosing or cages around the figures. It is not known what influences were behind the image; most likely they were multiple – press or war photography, and critic Denis Farr detects the influence of Matthias Grünewald.

Bacon juxtaposes traditional elements of portraiture with loose, spontaneous brushwork. In some passages he has rubbed or brushed out (perhaps with a cloth) the paint, a technique art historian Armin Zweite describes as "productive vandalism".  There are a number of ambiguous elements in the work. The hanging tassel rest just above the figure's right ear, giving the impression that it has hooked the head and is pulling it sideways. The gold railings suggest in the top right suggest the corner of a room, while those in the center background may be the headboard of a bed. The upper half is largely void of detail, while the lower portion, particularly the lower third has been heavily reworked, and consists of a blending of white, gray and black pigments.

The use of heavy impasto gives the impression of animal skin; critic Robert Melville described the "color of wet, black snakes lightly powdered with dust". In 1951 Bacon said of his choice of colour and gloss; "One of the problems is to paint like Velázquez, but with the texture of a hippopotamus skin", and later "I had an idea in those days that textures should be very much thicker, and therefore the texture of, for instance a rhinoceros skin would help me to think about the texture of the human skin". Furthering this impression, the mouth and teeth resemble those of a howling fanged animal.

Bacon began the Head series out of necessity; he was granted the 1949 exhibition at the Hayward a year in advance, but had not painted at all in 1947, and had only a few works he was happy with from 1948. Over time, the series became something quite apart from his initial idea; Head VI turned into the first of his many examinations of Velázquez's c. 1650 Portrait of Innocent X.

References

Notes

Sources

Davies, Hugh; Yard, Sally. Francis Bacon. New York: Cross River Press, 1986.
Dawson, Barbara; Sylvester, David. Francis Bacon in Dublin. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000.
Farr, Dennis; Peppiatt, Michael; Yard, Sally. Francis Bacon: A Retrospective. NY: Harry N Abrams, 1999.
Peppiatt, Michael. Anatomy of an Enigma. London: Westview Press, 1996.
Russell, John. Francis Bacon (World of Art). NY: Norton, 1971.
Sylvester, David. Looking back at Francis Bacon. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000.
Zweite, Armin (ed). The Violence of the Real. London: Thames and Hudson, 2006.

1949 paintings
Paintings by Francis Bacon
Heads in the arts


title: The Shed (arts center)

text:
The Shed (formerly known as Culture Shed and Hudson Yards Cultural Shed) is a cultural center in Hudson Yards, Manhattan, New York City. Opened on April 5, 2019, the Shed commissions, produces, and presents a wide range of activities in performing arts, visual arts, and pop culture.

The Shed is located in the Bloomberg Building, adjacent to the northern leg of the High Line elevated park, near the Chelsea gallery district. It is attached to 15 Hudson Yards, a skyscraper within the Hudson Yards real estate development, although the Shed itself is located on city-owned land. The cultural center is maintained by an independent nonprofit cultural organization of the same name. The Artistic Director for the Shed is Alex Poots. The Chairman of the Board of Directors is Jonathan Tisch, who succeeded founding Chairman Daniel Doctoroff in 2022.

Construction on the Shed started in 2015, using a design from lead architect Diller Scofidio + Renfro and collaborating architect Rockwell Group. Structural engineering, the facade, and kinetic design was provided by Thornton Tomasetti. Hardesty & Hanover was the mechanization consultant. The Shed features several architectural features, including a retractable shell that creates a space, named The McCourt, for large-scale performances, installations and events; a 500-seat theater; and two levels of exhibition space. The plans for the cultural center have drawn praise from numerous media outlets and art institutions. It was initially criticized by the surrounding community, but as construction progressed, media reviews of the Shed have leaned more positive.

History

Rezoning
In January 2005, the New York City Council approved the rezoning of about 60 blocks from 28th to 43rd Streets; in 2009, after the stadium failed to win state approval, the West Side Yard was similarly rezoned. As rezoned, the Hudson Yards area will have  of Class A office space, 20,000 housing units,  of hotel space, 750-seat public school,  of retail and more than  of public open space, which includes building a subway extension of the 7 train to help encourage development of the Hudson Yards area.

In May 2010, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) leased the air rights over the rail yard for 99 years, at a price of  to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group, which built a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings, including what was then known as the Culture Shed.

In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht's Starwood Property Group and luxury retailer Coach. The financing deal was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides, and that the MTA helped create the "severable lease" structure that allowed for the loans.

Funding and land ownership

As part of the Hudson Yards rezoning plan, the city preserved a parcel of city-owned land on West 30th Street between 10th and 11th Avenues, adjacent to The High Line, for future cultural use. Dan Doctoroff, then the Deputy Mayor for Economic Development and Rebuilding, spearheaded the effort to determine what should go there. Working closely with then Department of Cultural Affairs Commissioner Kate Levin, they determined the space "should be a highly flexible one that could cater to the growing desire of many artists to break out of their silos and blend disciplines". The City issued a Request for Proposals for this new cultural facility in 2008 at the height of the recession.

The City selected Diller Scofidio + Renfro (lead architect) and Rockwell Group (collaborating architect) to develop their concept for a flexible building, an "architecture of infrastructure" that could house all the creative disciplines under one roof. The Shed, a relatively small six-story building compared to the Hudson Yards skyscrapers, was built at the south side of the Hudson Yards development site. The city retains ownership of the land on which the Shed is built and provided Capital Grant funding for the project. Funding for the Shed was secured from the City in July 2013.

Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg quietly donated $15 million to the Shed in 2012, then added another $60 million of donations five years later. The city had also given $50 million toward the project in 2013, representing the single largest capital grant given by the city that year; this funding was later raised to $75 million. , the Shed had received $529 million in donations for its $550 million capital campaign to fund building construction, programming and start-up expenses.

Construction
The Shed, a nonprofit organization, was formed in 2012 to oversee construction of the building, and to run the building when it opens. In 2013, Dan Doctoroff became Chairman. In that capacity, he led the $550 million capital campaign and the board of directors, oversaw the building's design and construction, and managed the search for the artistic director.  The design of the Shed's building is a collaboration between two New York City architectural firms: lead architect Diller Scofidio + Renfro and collaborating architect Rockwell Group. The main contractor was Sciame, while the steel fabricator was Cimolai.

Construction of the Shed over the West Side Yard, began after caissons were sunk to support a platform over the tracks. The platform supporting the towers, comprising 16 bridges, was completed in late 2014. The construction of the building itself began in mid-2015.  The name of the space was changed to simply "The Shed" in 2016. The retractable shell was completed by 2017. Although early reports stated that the building would open in 2017 or 2018, a 2015 report placed the opening date at 2019. , the pace of construction indicated that the Shed was projected to open in either 2018 or 2019.

By early January 2019, it was announced that the Shed would open on April 5, 2019, with four live productions and exhibitions. The Shed's building at Hudson Yards was ceremonially renamed as the Bloomberg Building after former mayor Bloomberg, who donated $75 million of the structure's predicted $475 million cost. In addition, the Shed signed a contract with Altice USA, who would become the Shed's "exclusive connectivity provider". A dedication ceremony for the Shed was held on April 1, 2019. The Shed opened as scheduled four days later.

Design

The Shed is a  visual arts and performing arts center located at the  Hudson Yards development's southern edge. The structure includes  of column-free exhibition space,  of "museum-quality" space, a theater with seating for up to 500 people, and an expandable,  shell that uses industrial crane technology, allowing the space to expand and contract to accommodate many events and audiences. Viewers of indoor shows and exhibitions will be charged admission.

The Shed's main entrance is on 30th Street under the High Line; secondary entrances are located in the Hudson Yards public plaza. The Shed's Hudson Yards plaza entrance is located close to the 34th Street–Hudson Yards subway entrance. There are two galleries indoors on the first and second levels. On the third level is a flexible space that can be used for performances or exhibits.

The wraparound shell weighs , and is made of an exposed steel frame clad in a fluorine-based plastic called ETFE, which has the thermal properties of insulating glass at a fraction of the weight. The shell can close and open within 5 minutes and when the shell is retracted, the open-air plaza becomes a publicly accessible outdoor space. The shell retracts on eight bogie wheels, each  in diameter, powered by a total of six 15-horsepower motors. The Shed is directly adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards and the High Line.

Events, commissions, and management
The Shed is planned to host many cultural events including for art, performance, film, design, food, fashion, and new combinations of cultural content. At least one event, New York Fashion Week, is considering moving to the Shed for all of its exhibitions.

In 2014, Alex Poots was named the CEO/Artistic Director of the Shed. Formerly the director of the Manchester International Festival and Park Avenue Armory, in 2017, Poots earned $870,239 in compensation from the Shed. In January 2023, he stepped back as CEO to focus on artistic direction, and the Shed's president Maryann Jordan temporarily took over until Meredith "Max" Hodges became CEO in October.

Notable events

In fall 2016, the Shed started a citywide dance program about social justice issues. It also partnered with the MIT Media Lab to assist artists who were creating works involving virtual reality and artificial intelligence.

The first permanent art commission for the Shed was announced in May 2017. Artist Lawrence Weiner was commissioned to decorate the plaza with pavers arranged into  letters, which would spell the phrase "In front of itself". The exhibitions and performances announced before the building's April 5, 2019, opening included a concert series exploring the impact of African American music conceived and directed by Steve McQueen and a creative team including Quincy Jones; a collaboration between artist Gerhard Richter and music composers Steve Reich and Arvo Pärt, the eponymous "Reich Richter Pärt'; "Norma Jeane Baker of Troy", a performance piece by the poet Anne Carson with music by Paul Clark, starring Ben Whishaw and Renee Fleming; and an exhibition of work from artist Trisha Donnelly. This would be followed by several other shows in quick succession. In summer 2018, the Shed hosted an exhibition by Tony Cokes about gentrification.

From May 6, 2019, to June 1, 2019, Icelandic music artist Björk performed a concert series known as "Björk's Cornucopia", which took place entirely on a set and included unique and bizarre imagery, a high emphasis on costume and set design, a choir segment, and activism for environmentalism. In addition, the Michael Bay film 6 Underground premiered at the Shed on December 10, 2019.

The Shed ceased all public programs on March 12, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. The Shed reopened its galleries on October 16, 2020, with an exhibition by Howardena Pindell. During the pandemic, emergency staircases were opened to allow visitors to comply with COVID-19 social distancing regulations by avoiding the elevators. During early 2021, the Shed announced it would resume live performances with a series featuring Kelsey Lu, the New York Philharmonic, Renée Fleming, and Michelle Wolf in April 2021. In 2023, The Shed premiered the final musical by Stephen Sondheim, Here We Are.

Critical reception

The Shed's construction was initially opposed by local community leadership. Board members on Manhattan Community Board 4 stated that the Shed "could lack class", that the word "culture" is too vague for the name of such an exhibition space, and that problems could arise when a  space is closed off twice a year for two weeks (adding up to a month annually) for New York Fashion Week. Community board members also state that when the retractable roof is closed,  of open public space would be lost. Additionally, some expressed concerns that the large value of the Capital Grant allocation—US$50 million—was too much money to award to a building that did not yet exist.

The Shed has drawn mixed public reviews, as well as high praise from numerous art institutions. In an editorial for the art website Artsy, one writer stated that although "the building's innovative architecture seems ready to withstand the weight of [the Shed's] grand ambitions", the construction of the Shed also had the unforeseen side effect of "making New York ever less accessible for those without financial means", considering the poor neighborhoods located close to Hudson Yards. Joshua Barone of The New York Times hailed The Shed as "a project that could reshape and redefine the city's physical and cultural infrastructure" and "one of the most significant additions to New York City's cultural landscape in decades".

In August 2019, news of Shed board member Stephen Ross's plans to host a fundraiser for U.S. president Donald Trump's 2020 reelection campaign led several artists to protest. Fashion label Rag & Bone decided against hosting their fall 2019 New York Fashion Week show there. A. L. Steiner and Zackary Drucker both removed their work from an exhibition at the Shed. In December 2019, Ross left his position on the Shed's board of directors.

See also
 10 Hudson Yards
 15 Hudson Yards
 High Line

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in New York City
Chelsea, Manhattan
Diller Scofidio + Renfro buildings
Hudson Yards, Manhattan
Museums in Manhattan
Culture of Manhattan
Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)
2019 establishments in New York City
2010s in Manhattan
Event venues established in 2019


The 1978 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France comprised the Australia national rugby league team's fourteenth tour of Great Britain and ninth tour of France, and took place from September to December 1978. Coached by Frank Stanton and captained by Bob Fulton, the Australian team, also known as the Kangaroos, played a match against Wales before contesting the Ashes series against Great Britain, winning the third and deciding Test match. The tourists then moved on to France where they were narrowly beaten in both Tests, the last series the Kangaroos would lose until 2005. In addition to these six internationals, the Australians played sixteen other matches against local club and representative sides in both countries. The 1978 Kangaroo tour followed the tour of 1973 while the next tour would be staged in 1982.

Background
The 1978 Kangaroo tour was the first since 1973 and took place in the wake of Australia's rugby league season. Sydney's 1978 NSWRFL season, which contributed the vast majority of the tourists, ended later in the year than usual as it involved a grand final replay. For the English the tour was conducted during the first half of the 1978–79 Northern Rugby Football League season.

Touring squad
The Australian team's coach was Frank Stanton, who had already taken the City, New South Wales and the Manly-Warringah teams to victory in all of their respective competitions that year. Eastern Suburbs's captain (and former Manly premiership captain under Stanton in 1976), Bob Fulton, was selected to be the touring Australian side's skipper while Cronulla back rower Greg Pierce was named as vice-captain. Manly-Warringah Grand Final winner John Harvey created some controversy when he declined selection for the tour due to personal reasons. As a result, his Manly-Warringah teammate Bruce Walker was called in as a replacement. Another Manly premiership winner Terry Randall also declined to tour citing exhaustion after Manly's arduous finals campaign in 1978 where the Sea Eagles played 6 matched in 24 days, including the drawn Grand Final against Cronulla-Sutherland and the replay played just three days later. He later admitted regret in not touring. One shock omission was Manly centre Russel Gartner who had played two games for Australia in the 1977 World Cup including the Final in which he scored a spectacular 65 metre solo try. Gartner, a speedy outside back who could play either centre or wing, had scored two tries in the Grand Final replay, one a 70-metre effort where he easily outpaced the Cronulla defence despite having torn his hamstring a week earlier, was considered unlucky not to tour.

Of the 28 man squad, only three Queensland based players were chosen - Souths Innisfail winger Kerry Boustead, Brisbane Easts prop forward Rod Morris and Redcliffe halfback Greg Oliphant. The only other Queenslanders in the squad were St George back rower Rod Reddy and Manly forward Bruce Walker.

The tour manager was Canterbury-Bankstown Chief Executive Peter "Bullfrog" Moore, with Jim Caldwell as the co-manager.

Craig Young was named 'player of the tour'. Bob Fulton was the tourists' top try scorer with 9. Michael Cronin was the tourists' top point scorer with 142.

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Player
| Club
| Position(s)
| Tests
| Matches
| Tries
| Goals
| F/Goals
| Points
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Chris Anderson
|  Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Kerry Boustead
|  Innisfail Souths (Qld)
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Les Boyd
|  Western Suburbs Magpies
|
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Larry Corowa
|  Balmain Tigers
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Michael Cronin
|  Parramatta Eels
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
| 142
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Graham Eadie
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Bob Fulton (c)
|  Eastern Suburbs Roosters
|
| 5
|
| 9
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Geoff Gerard
|  Parramatta Eels
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Johnny Gibbs
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Ron Hilditch
|  Parramatta Eels
|
| 1
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Steve Kneen
|  Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Max Krilich
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 2
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Steve Martin
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 1
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Allan McMahon
|  Balmain Tigers
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Rod Morris
|  Eastern Suburbs Tigers (Qld)
|
| 2
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Greg Oliphant
|  Redcliffe Dolphins (Qld)
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Graham Olling
|  Parramatta Eels
|
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  George Peponis
|  Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
|
| 2
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Greg Pierce (vc)
|  Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Ray Price
|  Parramatta Eels
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Tommy Raudonikis
|  Western Suburbs Magpies
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Rod Reddy
|  St George Dragons
|
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Steve Rogers
|  Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
|
| 4
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Ian Schubert
|  Eastern Suburbs Roosters
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Alan Thompson
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 3
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Ian Thomson
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 2
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Bruce Walker
|  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
|
| 0
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|  Craig Young
|  St George Dragons
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
|
|-

Great Britain leg

Test Venues
The three Ashes series tests took place at the following venues.

A controversial late Alan Gwilliam try gave Warrington a 15–12 win over Australia, with Steve Hesford kicking six goals. In the tourists' first lost match of the tour Warrington's packmen Tommy Martyn, Mike Nicholas, Tommy Cunningham and Roy Lester were in superb form, ably supported by replacement half backs Gwilliam and Clark. This was Warrington's eighth win over Australia since .

Wales
The Kangaroos played a non-test international against Wales at the St. Helen's Ground. As of 2017 this was the 13th and final rugby league international played at the ground.

Kangaroos' vice captain Greg Pierce injured his knee in this match and made no more appearances on the tour.

1st Ashes Test
This year Great Britain had the opportunity to re-gain the Ashes title on home soil. The Ashes series was styled the "Forward Chemicals Test series" due to sponsorship reasons.

Great Britain were trailing 6-7 with fifteen minutes remaining when an Australian pass went to ground and Welsh winger John Bevan kicked the ball ahead. It was then a foot race between him and Australian fullback Graham Eadie to reach the ball which was slowing within Australia's in-goal area. Both players stumbled and dived, with Bevan getting a hand on the ball and claiming the try which was awarded, giving the home side a 9-7 lead. The Kangaroos then worked their way up to the other end of the field and moved the ball through the hands out to the right wing where Kerry Boustead crossed for a try, regaining his side the lead 9-10. In the final minutes Australian captain Bob Fulton forced his way over for a try which was also converted, so the match ended with the scoreline at 9-15.

Widnes: David Eckersley, Stuart Wright, Malcolm Aspey, Mick George, Mick Burke, Eric Hughes, Reg Bowden, Brian Hogan, Keith Elwell, Jim Mills, Mick Adams, David Hull, Doug Laughton (c). Coach - Doug Laughton

Australia: Allan McMahon, Ian Schubert, Michael Cronin (c), Alan Thompson, Chris Anderson, Steve Martin, Greg Oliphant, Rod Morris, Ron Hilditch, Ian Thomson, Geoff Gerard, Steve Kneen, Ray Price. Res - Bob Fulton, Bruce Walker

Widnes, the reigning British champions, were leading 7–2 half time. Up to and including the last Kangaroo tour in which Australia played English club teams as part of their schedule in 1994, this was the last game the Kangaroos lost to an English club side. This was also the only time in what would be 15 tour games between 1909–1990 that Widnes would defeat The Kangaroos. Their previous best result was a 13–all draw on 21 October 1937 during the 1937–38 tour.

2nd Ashes Test
Several changes were made to the Great Britain team, including a completely new front row. This match was broadcast live.

In the final minutes of the first half the British had just made their way into Australia's half of the field when they made a break up the middle through Roger Millward. He then kicked the ball ahead as he was being tackled and his winger Stuart Wright was chasing through to get a hand on it and score. The try was converted so the home side led at the break 11 – 4.

In the second half Britain's right centre John Joyner made a break and popped a pass over to his winger Stuart Wright to cross once again. They won the match 18–14 to bring the series to 1-all.

This would be the last time Great Britain beat Australia in a Test match for another ten years.

Wigan: George Fairbairn, Dennis Ramsdale, David Willicombe, Alan Greenall, Jimmy Hornby, Keiron O'Loughlin, Bernard Coyle, John Wood, Tony Karalius, Steve O'Neill, John Foran, Bill Melling, Dennis Boyd. Res - Malcolm Swann, David Regan. Coach - Vince Karalius

Australia: Allan McMahon, Larry Corowa, Steve Rogers, Michael Cronin, Ian Schubert, Alan Thompson, Steve Martin, Ian Thomson, Ron Hilditch, Rod Morris, Geoff Gerard, Les Boyd, Bruce Walker

At half time Wigan trailed Australia 2 – 5.

In a Leeds bar, a member of Surrey rock band The Jam, Paul Weller, glassed the face of Jim Caldwell, the team manager from Queensland. Australian player Larry Corowa ran to defend the bloodied Caldwell, was punched from behind himself and raced into a nearby bar to get teammates to provide reinforcements for the brawl that ensued. One member of The Jam landed in hospital with broken ribs and another was reported at the time to have been charged with assault. The official police statement cleared the Australians of any wrongdoing.

The game against St Helens saw the largest non-test attendance of the tour of 16,532.

3rd Ashes Test
Warrington's John Bevan came into the centres for Leeds star Les Dyl, while Hull F.C. prop Vince Farrar made his Great Britain debut in place of second test Man of the Match, Hull Kingston Rovers' forward Brian Lockwood who was unavailable due to injury.
The Kangaroos maintained the same backline from the 2nd Test, but brought George Peponis, Rod Morris and Les Boyd into their forward pack.

The deciding test attracted the largest attendance of any match on the tour. After two penalty goals by Mick Cronin Australia led by 4 points to nil. The Kangaroos then got the first try of the match with a close-range dive from George Peponis at dummy-half. The conversion by Cronin was successful so Australia led 9 – 0. The visitors scored another try when the ball was passed from dummy-half to a steamrolling Les Boyd who raced through to score under the goal posts, bringing the lead to 12 – 0. Later, after making a break and crossing the half-way line Raudonikis passed to Geoff Gerard who ran the remaining metres to score untouched, making the score 17 – 0.

Australian fullback Graham Eadie crossed early in the second half but the try was controversially disallowed for a forward pass. Bob Fulton took the Australians' lead out to 20–0 with a drop-goal early in the second half. Great Britain scored the first try of the second half when 31-year-old Roger Millward, captaining Great Britain for the last time, reached out of a tackle and bounced the ball off the turf of the Australian in-goal area. The home side scored again when they moved the ball through the hands out to the left wing where Bevan dived over in the corner. The Kangaroos scored next when Raudonikis, directly from a scrum win, ran through and put the ball down.

Australia therefore retained the Ashes with the first of a fourteen-year winning streak between these two sides that would last until 1988.

France leg

1st Test
Steve Martin was selected to make his Test debut.

France won the first Test 13–10 at Stade Albert Domec in Carcassonne.

2nd Test

The referee was Mr Laverny from Bordeaux. France were coached by Roger Garrigue.
Their line-up included world class players, lock, Joël Roosebrouck and prop, Didier Hermet from Villeneuve-Sur-Lot, and Jean-Marc Bourret in the centres. Ron Hilditch played at hooker in place of Max Krilich who was injured.
France claimed a 2–0 series win over the touring Kangaroos with an 11–10 result at the Stade Municipal, Toulouse in front of 6,500 spectators.

France thus became the last team to record successive victories against Australia in a single series. This would be the last time the Kangaroos failed to win a series or tournament until the 2005 Tri-Nations.

Statistics
Leading Try Scorer
 9 by Bob Fulton

Leading Point Scorer
 142 by Michael Cronin

Largest Attendance
 30,604 - Third test vs Great Britain at Headingley Stadium

Largest Club Game Attendance
 16,352 - St. Helens vs Australia at Knowsley Road

References

Australia national rugby league team tours
Kangaroo tour
Kangaroo tour
Kangaroo tour
Kangaroo tour


title: Messalina (1960 film)

text:
Messalina () is a 1960 Italian peplum film directed by Vittorio Cottafavi.

Plot
After the death of the Emperor Caligula, Claudius is chosen to replace him. Claudius decides to take a new wife, the Vestal Virgin Messalina, the niece of Augustus Caesar.

The night before the wedding Messalina murders a noble via poison. An assassin is sent to kill Messalina; she seduces him, has him killed and presents his severed head.

Cast
 Belinda Lee as Valeria Messalina
 Spiros Focás as Lucius Maximus
 Carlo Giustini as Lucius Geta (as Carlo Justini)
 Giancarlo Sbragia as Aulo Celso (as Gian Carlo Sbragia)
 Arturo Dominici as Gaius Lilius
 Giulio Donnini as Narcissus
 Ida Galli as Silvia
 Mino Doro as Claudius
 Giuliano Gemma as Marcellus
 Annie Gorassini as Courtisan lover of Aulo Ceso
 Lia Angeleri as Vipidia
 Aroldo Tieri as Pirgo Pollinice
 Vittorio Congia as Ortotrago
 Paola Pitagora (as Paola Gargeloni)
 Bruno Scipioni

Production
Belinda Lee's casting was announced in July 1959.

Messalina was shot at Cinecitta Studios in Rome in November-December 1959.

It was the first notable role for Giuliano Gemma.

Release
Messalina was released in Italy on 12 March 1960 with a 96-minute running time. It was released in the United States in 1962 with an 84-minute running time.

Reception
FilmInk called the film "The most fun of Lee’s European movies", "a silly sword and sandal epic with Lee having a high old time as the notorious empress, taking milk baths and seducing gladiators."

Film critic Gary Smith wrote that:
Of the many screen interpretations of Messalina this is probably the most satisfying due to the casting of Belinda Lee in the title role. This is not to suggest that Messalina is the most historically accurate or even the best produced version, but Belinda Lee’s pagan beauty seems to exude wantonness, and this is just the right quality needed for a successful portrayal of Rome’s most dissolute em- press. Lee, who played a number of memorable screen temptresses in her brief film career, including Lucretia Borgia in The Nights of Lucretia Borgia and Potiphar’s wife in Joseph and His Brethren, had beauty and charisma.

References

Bibliography

External links

Messalina at BFI
Messalina at Letterbox DVD
1960 films
1960s historical films
1960s biographical films
Italian biographical films
Peplum films
Films directed by Vittorio Cottafavi
Films set in ancient Rome
Films set in the Roman Empire
Films set in the 1st century
Cultural depictions of Messalina
Cultural depictions of Claudius
Films scored by Angelo Francesco Lavagnino
Sword and sandal films
1960s Italian-language films
1960s Italian films


title: Per amore... per magia...

text:
Per amore... per magia... () is a  "musicarello"-fantasy film directed by Duccio Tessari.

Plot
Fantastic Middle Ages. Aladdin is a nice and penniless boy: like his sister Algisa he has no degree of nobility, but he is in love with the daughter of the Grand Duke of Forilarì, the beautiful princess Esmeralda, whom the Viscount of Pallerineri would like to marry, to take over the Duchy.

Aladdin, who for a living is a model in the tailor Jo Babà's atelier, was born on a moonless night and is therefore one of the few who can get to own the magic lamp containing the genie, which is located under a mysterious trap door in the woods of witches.

Even the princess loves Aladdin and this love gives him the strength to overcome any obstacle: the Viscount, the Maghreb magician, the charming Aichesiade, a strange penguin, the interrogation of the four wise men and other obstacles.

Aided only by his five inseparable friends and the genie of the lamp, he manages to make his dream come true, saving his sister from the executioner and giving freedom to the genie of the lamp.

Cast
 Mina: Aichesiade
 Gianni Morandi: Aladdin
 Sandra Milo: Algisa
 Paolo Poli:  Jo Babà
 Rosemarie Dexter: Esmeralda
 Mischa Auer:  Grand Duke of Forilarì
 Daniele Vargas: Viscount of Pallerineri
 Gianni Musy Glori: Magrebino
 Harold Bradley: Hassan

Release
Per amore... per magia... was first distributed in 1967. It was distributed by C.E.I.A.D. in Italy.

References

Sources

External links

1967 films
Musicarelli
Films directed by Duccio Tessari
French fantasy films
1960s fantasy films
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Films scored by Luis Bacalov
Films scored by Bruno Zambrini
1967 musical comedy films
1960s Italian films
1960s French films


title: Dale Sheltrown

text:
Dale Sheltrown is a Democratic politician from Michigan who served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2004, when he was succeeded by his brother Joel Sheltrown.

Sheltrown's father, Ed, was a township supervisor for 35 years, and two of his five siblings are also elected officials or public servants. He operated a farm from 1965 to 1974, and, after two years working in sales at a John Deere dealership, Sheltrown began a career in real estate.

References

1940 births
Living people
County commissioners in Michigan
Democratic Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians


title: Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade – Men's pole vault

text:
The men's pole vault event at the 2001 Summer Universiade was held at the Workers Stadium in Beijing, China on 30 August.

Results

References

Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade
2001


title: Chukong Technologies

text:
Chukong Technologies (also known as Chukong) is an international mobile entertainment platform company headquartered in Beijing. Chukong maintains four core business practices: game engine development, mobile game development, publishing, and developer community support.
In January 2014, Chukong was named the third largest Chinese mobile developer.
In addition to its headquarters in Beijing, Chukong Technologies also has offices in Menlo Park, Tokyo, Seoul, and Taipei.

In February 2014, sources reported that Chukong Technologies was planning to file for a $150 million IPO in the United States. Within months, plans for the IPO was postponed indefinitely due to lower than expected valuation and was eventually shelved.

History

In 2008, Gary (Guanqun) Liu, a Chinese technologist and software developer, created CocoaChina.com, an Internet forum for Chinese developers to discuss iOS development related topics. In 2009, Haozhi Chen, a serial entrepreneur and angel investor, invested in the forum and established Chukong Technologies as a  mobile gaming development company with Liu.

In November 2010, Chukong closed a Series A funding round for $1.2 million from Northern Light Venture Capital. The company later received Series B ($14 million) from Steamboat Ventures, Sequoia Capital and Northern Light, Series C ($18 million) from GGV and previous investors, and Series D ($50 million) led by New Horizon Capital and joined by previous investors. As of February 2014, the company had received $83.2 million in funding.
Chukong’s flagship title Fishing Joy was developed internally and launched in April 2011.
The company started its third-party game publishing business in 2012. In 2012, the company also invested into Cocos2d-x, an open source game engine, and later acquired the company that maintains the engine. On October 10, 2013, Chukong reorganized its sub-brands under the Chukong Technologies name—the company had formerly operated as CocoaChina—and officially integrated the Cocos2D-x engine into its corporate structure.

Game Development

Chukong’s most successful title to date has been Fishing Joy, a casual game published first in 2011. The game has been especially popular in China, and as of November 2012 the game had been downloaded 120 million times. The game’s sequel, Fishing Joy 2, was also well received by players: In January 2013, Chukong announced that Fishing Joy was making more than $2 million a month on Android, and by March of the same year that figure had grown to $6 million a month and 10 million daily active users.

List of Chukong Games

 Fishing Joy (Android/iOS)
 Fishing Joy 2 (iOS)
 Pocket Climber (iOS)
 Cosmic Crashers (iOS)

Game Publishing

Chukong has acted as a third party publishing partner for mobile games since 2012, helping domestic and international game developers distribute and publish games around the world with a focus on the greater China region. On July 26, 2013, Chukong announced that the company was generating more than $12 million a month in revenue, based in part on their developer relationships.

List of Games Published

 I’m MT
 Space Hunter
 Chaos Fighters
 神雕侠侣
 Dungeon & Fighters
 Contra: Evolution
 Where’s My Water
 Where’s My Water 2
 凡人修真
 疾风勇者传
 Where’s My Mickey
 Where’s My Perry
 Temple Run: Brave
 Temple Run: Oz
 战国
 Stack Rabit
 MetalStorm Aces
 Asphalt 8

Developer Forum

Chukong continues to operate the CocoaChina developer forum founded in 2008.

Cocos 2D-x Game Engine

Chukong Technologies also maintains and leads development on the Cocos2D-x game engine, an open-source cross-platform development engine used by 400,000 developers around the world including leading studios like Zynga, Konami, GREE, and Glu.

References

Chukong: When an opportunist turns into an idealist. CMGM.NET. Retrieved 2015-04-29.

Mobile game companies
Software companies based in Beijing
2010 establishments in China


title: Cerdale

text:
Cerdale is a genus of wormfishes native to the western Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Species
There are currently five recognized species in this genus:
 Cerdale fasciata C. E. Dawson, 1974
 Cerdale floridana Longley, 1934 (Pugjaw wormfish)
 Cerdale ionthas D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882 (Spotted worm goby)
 Cerdale paludicola C. E. Dawson, 1974
 Cerdale prolata C. E. Dawson, 1974

References

Microdesmidae
Gobiidae
Marine fish genera
Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert


title: Diana W. Bianchi

text:
Diana W. Bianchi is the director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, a post often called “the nation’s pediatrician.” She is a medical geneticist and neonatologist noted for her research on fetal cell microchimerism and prenatal testing. Bianchi had previously been the Natalie V. Zucker Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology at Tufts University School of Medicine and founder and executive director of the Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center. She also has served as Vice Chair for Research in the Department of Pediatrics at the Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center.

Early life and education
Bianchi grew up in New York City and graduated from Hunter College High School.

Bianchi earned a B.A. magna cum laude from University of Pennsylvania and an M.D. from Stanford University School of Medicine. While at Stanford she performed her doctoral research with Leonard Herzenberg, Ph.D., studying the use of flow cytometry to develop a noninvasive cytogenetic prenatal diagnostic test for Down syndrome.  One of Herzenberg’s children had Down syndrome, so the project had both scientific and personal significance for her mentor.

Career
After medical school at Stanford University, she completed her postdoctoral work at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Bianchi joined the faculty at Harvard University in 1986, concurrently assuming a position as an attending neonatologist and geneticist at Boston Children’s Hospital. In 1993, Bianchi left to take a position at Tufts University School of Medicine, receiving an endowed chair in 2002.

In 2007, Bianchi became editor-in-chief of Prenatal Diagnosis, the journal of the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis. In 2010, she founded the Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, assuming the position of executive director. Bianchi is one of four authors of the book Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient,  which won the Association of American Publishers award for the best textbook in clinical medicine in 2000.

Bianchi has worked for many years on developing methods to isolate intact fetal cells from maternal blood as a noninvasive way to obtain fetal material for genetic diagnosis. While the work proved challenging due to the relative rarity of the fetal cells in the mother’s blood, the research led to an unexpected finding. Bianchi discovered that intact fetal cells remain in the mother's blood and organs for decades following pregnancy, with the possibility of migrating to the site of an injury in the mother, dividing and changing into the cells needed to fix the problem. This has led to a field of study known as fetal cell microchimerism.

Bianchi also has worked extensively on noninvasive prenatal testing using DNA sequencing of fetal and placental DNA fragments in the blood of pregnant women. Dr. Bianchi’s research is part of what has helped expand the use of non-invasive testing in the general obstetrical population. The sequencing technology employed in cfDNA testing has a number of potential uses in many areas of health care, Dr. Messerlian says, including cancer, transplantation and in vitro fertilization protocols, and research she is conducting is exploring those possibilities. This technology has been used in clinical prenatal care since 2011. In addition, Bianchi has pioneered the study of the amniotic fluid fetal transcriptome to develop new approaches to prenatal treatment of genetic conditions. She is a former member of the Clinical Advisory Board of Verinata Health, an Illumina company.

In 2014, Bianchi was the lead author on a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine that examined cell-free fetal DNA test performance in a general obstetrical population. This study showed that cell-free DNA testing had lower false positive rates and higher positive predictive values than maternal serum biochemistry analyses with or without ultrasound measurements of the back of the fetal neck. Bianchi has also studied the underlying biological reasons for false positive results following NIPT. She has shown that maternal malignancies can cause genome-wide imbalance that presents as a false positive result of fetal aneuploidy. Currently, Bianchi is working with a mouse model to develop a prenatal treatment that could be given to a pregnant woman carrying a fetus with Down syndrome. The goal of the work is to improve brain development in the womb and neurocognition after birth.

Bianchi was appointed director of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, on August 25, 2016. In this role, she oversees research on pediatric health and development, maternal health, medical rehabilitation, population dynamics, reproductive health, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. In 2020, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Amsterdam that recognized her contributions to the fields of fetal cell microchimerism and noninvasive prenatal testing using DNA sequencing of fetal and placental DNA fragments. In 2022, Bianchi was a finalist for a Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medal, or Sammie, in recognition of her efforts in advancing critical research to understand the medical implications of COVID-19 among underserved populations. Later that year, Bianchi was named to Forbes Magazine's Top 50 Women Over 50: Impact.

Significant papers

Awards
 1997   Milton O. and Natalie V. Zucker Prize for Outstanding Faculty Research, Tufts University School of Medicine
 2004   Kristine Sandberg Knisely Award, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
 2008   Foreign Corresponding Member, National Academy of Medicine, Argentina
 2010   Association of American Physicians
 2012   Duane Alexander Award from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
 2012	National Advisory Council, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
 2012	Christopher Columbus Spirit of Discovery Award from Tufts University
 2013	Member, Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine), National Academies of Science
 2015   Landmark Award, American Academy of Pediatrics
 2016   Maureen Andrew Mentor Award, Society for Pediatric Research
 2016   Honoree, Massachusetts Society for Medical Research
 2017   March of Dimes Colonel Harland Sanders Lifetime Achievement Award in Genetics
2019   Pioneer Award, International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis
2020   Health Public Service Visionary Award, Society for Women’s Health Research
2022   Finalist, Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medal

Leadership positions in professional societies
 1999 - President, Perinatal Research Society
 2002-2005 - Council Member (Genetics), Society for Pediatric Research
 2002-2005 - Board of Directors, American Society of Human Genetics
 2007-2012 - Council Member, American Pediatric Society
 2006-2010 - President, International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis

Patents issued
 U.S. Patent # 5, 641, 628, Non-invasive method for isolation and detection of fetal DNA, Date of application: 11/13/89, Date of patent: 6/24/97, Inventor: Diana W. Bianchi, Assignee: Children's Hospital, Boston MA
 U.S. Patent # 5, 648, 220, Methods for labeling intracytoplasmic molecules, Date of application: 2/14/95, Date of patent: 7/15/97, Inventors: Diana W. Bianchi, MaryAnn DeMaria, Assignee: New England Medical Center, Boston MA
 U.S. Patent # 5, 714, 325, Prenatal diagnosis by isolation of fetal granulocytes from maternal blood, Date of application: 9/24/93, Date of patent: 2/3/98, Inventor: Diana W. Bianchi, M.D., Assignee: New England Medical Center
 European Patent # 0500727, Non-invasive method for isolation and detection of fetal DNA, Date of application: 11/30/90, Date of patent: 1/21/98, Inventor:  Diana W. Bianchi, M.D., Assignee:  Children's Medical Center Corporation
 U.S. Patent # 5,830,679, Diagnostic Blood Test to identify Infants at Risk for Sepsis, Date of Patent 11/3/98, Inventors: Diana W. Bianchi, M.D., Nancy Weinschenk, M.D., Assignee: New England Medical Center
 European Patent # 99125132.3-2106, Method for Labeling Intracytoplasmic Molecules, Date of Patent 2/8/00, Inventors: Diana W. Bianchi and Mary Ann De Maria, Assignee: New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc.

References

External links
 http://www.nichd.nih.gov
 http://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/MIRI

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American geneticists
Tufts University faculty
Hunter College High School alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Stanford University School of Medicine alumni
National Institutes of Health people
20th-century American biologists
21st-century American biologists
American women geneticists
American neonatologists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
American women academics
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
American medical researchers
Women medical researchers


title: Mira Jalosuo

text:
Mira Jalosuo (born 3 February 1989) is a Finnish ice hockey player, currently serving as an assistant coach to the St. Cloud State Huskies women's ice hockey program in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) conference of the NCAA Division I. As a member of the Finnish national team, she won a bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games and bronze medals at the IIHF World Women's Championships in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2017.

She attended the University of Minnesota and played NCAA Division I ice hockey with the Minnesota Golden Gophers from 2009 until her graduation in 2013. She was one of the first European players to join the team and recorded 19 goals and 37 assists (56 points) during her collegiate career. In her post-collegiate and professional playing career, she played with SKIF Nizhny Novgorod of the Russian Women's Hockey League, Luleå HF/MSSK of the Swedish Riksserien, Oulun Kärpät Naiset of the Finnish Naisten Liiga, and the Minnesota Whitecaps.

Playing career
When she was in fifth grade she began playing organized hockey with the local club, Lieksan Hurtat, where, at the encouragement of her coaches and teammates, she played on both the girl's and boy's teams.

Motivated to further improve her game, she moved to Oulu at age 15 and joined the Oulun Kärpät Naiset of the Naisten SM-sarja. With Kärpät she won Finnish Championship silver medals in 2006 and 2007 and bronze medals in 2005 and 2008 and was named to the SM-sarja All-Star Team in 2007 and 2008. Jalosuo served as team captain for the 2008–09 season.

During her time living in Oulu, Jalosuo also played with the Finnish national team, playing in four world championships, including every championship game in 2008 and 2009.

When asked to reflect on this period, Jalosuo has said, “I would say that I was a very good locker room player who treated everyone fairly. On the ice I had a pretty good shot, and I was able to read the game well.”

Jalosuo was recruited by multiple NCAA Division I women's ice hockey teams as her 2009 graduation from secondary school approached. She toured Ohio State University, the University of Minnesota Duluth, and the University of Minnesota, ultimately deciding to attend the University of Minnesota.

University of Minnesota
Jalosuo and her college roommate, Finnish goaltender Noora Räty, became the first European players to join the Gophers. She played in 37 games during her 2009–10 freshman season, recording one goal and five assists, with a +4 rating.  She scored her first collegiate point when she assisted on Chelsey Jones' goal against Syracuse Orange on 4 October 2009. She missed three games in January to play for Finland at the Meco Cup in Germany. Jalouso scored her first collegiate goal in an 8–5 win over Minnesota State during the first round of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) playoffs on 26 February. She was the last player cut from the Finnish roster for the 2010 Winter Olympics, which she called "a turning point in my life and hockey career" that made her more determined to make a future Olympic team.

During her 2010–11 sophomore season, Jalosuo was a WCHA All-Academic Team honoree and letterwinner. She played all 38 games of the season and recorded four goals (all on the power play and eight assists, with a +9 rating. Paired with Anne Schleper, Jalosuo had two multi-point games, scored her first assist of the season against St. Cloud State on 22 October, and scored game-winning goals in both games against the Harvard Crimson on 26 and 28 November. She also set up Terry Kelly's goal in the 4–2 victory over Minnesota–Duluth in a WCHA semi-final game on 4 March.

During her 2011–12 junior season, Jalosuo was an Academic All-WCHA and scored a total of three goals and six assists, netting her first goal of the season in a 4–0 win over Syracuse on 1 October. She scored one assist each during the WCHA first round and semi-finals, and had a +3 rating during a 5–1 NCAA quarterfinal win over North Dakota on 10 March.

In her 2011–12 senior season, Jalosuo recorded a career-high 30 points, with 11 goals and 19 assists over all 41 games of the season, for a +38 rating. Four of her goals were game-winners, and she was named to the All-WCHA Third Team and the All-WCHA Academic Team. She scored a goal in each of game of the opening series against Colgate on 28 and 29 September, and had two-point streaks during the season, recording six assists and one goal between 12 and 20 October, and five assists and one goal between 2 and 16 February. She scored a goal in the 5–0 shutout over Bemidji State in the WCHA first round on 1 March, as well as a goal against Ohio State on 8 March in the WCHA semi-finals. Jalosuo assisted Terry Kelly on the game-winning goal in their triple-overtime victory over North Dakota on 16 March in the NCAA quarterfinals, and recorded the first goal of the National Championship game against Boston University on 24 March. During her four years on the team, Jalosuo scored a total of 57 points, with 19 goals and 37 assists over 152 games.

Elite club play
Jalouso played with SKIF Nizhny Novgorod of the Russian Women's Hockey League for the 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons. She won the Russian Championship with the team in 2014. Her teammates from the Finnish national team, Karoliina Rantamäki and goaltenders Noora Räty and Meeri Räisänen, also played with SKIF for one or both of the seasons that Jalouso was with the team.

In the 2015–16 season Jalouso played with Luleå HF in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She played only three regular season games with the team but managed to record two goals and five assists for seven points in that short span. With Luleå she played in seven playoff games and she contributed five points (3+2) to the team's Swedish Championship victory in 2016. Michelle Karvinen and Nora Tallus, teammates from the Finnish national team, also played with Luleå in that season.

Jalouso returned to the Twin Cities, her college stomping grounds, to play with the Minnesota Whitecaps for the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons. The Whitecaps were independent in those seasons and played the majority of their games against women's college squads.

The Whitecaps’ non-standard schedule allowed Jalouso to play some regular season games with Oulun Kärpät, the team she had played with in Finland prior to her collegiate career, in the 2016–17 and 2017–18 seasons. She also played with Kärpät in the 2017 Finnish Championship and contributed ten points (5+5) in eight games, leading to the team's Aurora Borealis Cup victory. Her efforts earned her the Karoliina Rantamäki Award as the most valuable player of the Naisten SM-Liiga playoffs.

Coaching career
Jalosuo began her coaching career while still an active player, joining both the Hamline Pipers women's ice hockey program of Hamline University and the ice hockey program at Wayzata High School in Plymouth, Minnesota as an assistant coach in 2015. She retained both positions for four seasons.

She was named head coach of the Stillwater Ponies girls' ice hockey team of Stillwater Area High School in Oak Park Heights, Minnesota in 2019. Across her three seasons with the team, the Ponies achieved a record of 64–20–4, boasted a penalty kill success rate of 89.3%, and claimed three consecutive conference championship titles. In addition to her head coaching duties with the Ponies, she also worked as an assistant coach with the Minnesota section of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) during the 2020–21 season.

Ahead of the 2022–23 season, she accepted an assistant coaching position with the St. Cloud State women's ice hockey program. Joining the staff of incoming head coach Brian Idalski, her primary focus was working with the team's defenders. In her first season with the team, the Huskies penalty kill improved from a 77% mark to 86% season over season and the led the NCAA and set a program record with 576 blocked shots.

Personal life
Jalosuo was born on 3 February 1989 to Aki-Pekka and Sirpa Jalosuo, and raised in Lieksa, a small town of less than 12,000 on the Finland–Russia border in the North Karelia region of Finland . After moving to Oulu at age 15 to play in the Naisten SM-sarja, she lived with two of her Kärpät teammates and attended the high school at the Kastellin monitoimitalo, one of Finland's best public centers for primary and secondary education.

She holds a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Minnesota and a degree in forensic science from Hamline University.

Jalosuo and her wife, Emilee (), were married in April 2016. Their first child was born in 2021.

She is the owner and president of the Minnesota Ice Cougars, a women's junior ice hockey club that she purchased in 2018. Based in Roseville, Minnesota, the club has teams in the 14U, 16U, and 19U age groups; the Minnesota Ice Cougars 19U AAA team plays in the USA Hockey Tier 1 U19 league.

In 2021, Pasi Mustonen, head coach of the Finnish women's national team, sparked controversy when he suggested in an interview that Noora Räty may have broken the law by not attending a national team training camp in preparation for the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship. Jalosuo was one of a small number of former national team players to speak to the media about the incident and she emphasized that Mustonen's behavior was unprofessional and showed a lack of respect for the players, stating that if a coach at her hockey company were to make similar comments, she would immediately fire them.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Finnish expatriate ice hockey coaches in the United States
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Finnish ice hockey coaches
Finnish women's ice hockey defencemen
Luleå HF/MSSK players
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics
LGBT ice hockey players
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey players
Minnesota Whitecaps players
Naisten Liiga All-Stars
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic ice hockey players for Finland
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Oulun Kärpät Naiset players
People from Lieksa
HC SKIF players
Sportspeople from North Karelia


title: Parisam Pottachu

text:
Parisam Pottachu ( ) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language film directed by K. Shozharajan and written by Es. N. Ravi. The film stars Pandiyan, Madhuri and Ranjini. It was released on 18 September 1987.

Plot

A girl becomes insane after her lover drowned. Ramu, the son-in-law of the village VIP, has a soft corner for her. When he tries to find who is responsible for her pregnancy, she is shocked. Since Ramu's wife is barren, the insane girl becomes a surrogate mother, but later drowns in the sea.

Cast
Pandiyan as Ramu
Madhuri
Ranjini as the insane girl
Malaysia Vasudevan as the village VIP
Karthik as Murali (guest appearance)
S. S. Chandran
Senthil
Kumarimuthu

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Manoj–Gyan.

Reception
The Indian Express wrote, "The story is utterly contrived. Songs, cabaret numbers and fights regularly dot the screenplay."

References

External links

1980s Tamil-language films
1987 films
Films scored by Manoj–Gyan


title: Anne Dangar

text:
Anne Dangar  (1 December 1885 – 4 September 1951) was an Australian painter and potter.

Life and training
Dangar was born in Kempsey, a town on the mid-north coast of New South Wales, the daughter of Otho Orde Dangar, who was a member of the Legislative Assembly and Elizabeth Dangar. From 1906 Dangar studied art in Sydney with Horace Moore-Jones and then at the Julian Ashton Art School in Sydney. Dangar began teaching there in 1920, while also working at the book publishing company Angus & Robertson.

In 1926, Dangar travelled to France with her lifelong friend and correspondent Grace Crowley and attended André Lhote's Academy in Paris and his summer school at Mirmande. Dangar returned to Sydney in 1929, but found resistance in Sydney to the cubist-influenced style she had developed in France.  Like her friends Dorrit Black and Grace Crowley, Dangar was strongly influenced by the Modernist and Cubist art movements she was exposed to in Paris.

Dangar travelled back to France in 1930 and joined , an artists' commune established by Albert Gleizes. Dangar was heavily influenced by Gleizes teachings. She also pursued an apprenticeship with local potters in the nearby towns of Saint-Desirat and Annonay. She held an exhibition in 1932 at the Musée d'Annonay, in Annonay. She contributed to the development and understanding of modernism, particularly cubism, in Australia through her 21 year correspondence with Grace Crowley and other Australian artists. Crowley kept the letters and gave them to the Mitchell Library and they were subsequently collated and edited by Helen Topliss.

Her letters to Grace Crowley reveal much about the difficulties with which Dangar supported herself and her art at this time. Dangar travelled to Morocco in 1939 and spent six months in Fez working with and for, and learning from, local potters. However, political instability and the outbreak of World War II caused her to cut the trip short and she was back in France in 1940.

Dangar lived in Sablons throughout the war and decided to remain there after the war. Anne Dangar died of complications from a stroke at Moly-Sabata on 4 September 1951. She was buried at Serrières, Ardèche, across the river from Moly-Sabata.

Works
Dangar was commissioned in 1934 to create La Vierge et l'enfant Jesu [Virgin and infant Jesus] first acquired by Cesar Geoffray and more recently by the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art The work has been identified as a good example of rustic cubism.

Her work is represented in the collections of the National Gallery of Victoria, Powerhouse Museum, Queensland Gallery of Modern Art as well as in many state and regional galleries, and in major French collections such as the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris. A significant number of her works are held in the collection of the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of News South Wales.

Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions of her work include:
 Anne Dangar at Moly-Sabata: Tradition and Innovation, National Gallery of Australia, 13 Jul-28 Oct 2001.
 Anne Dangar Ceramiste: Le cubism au quotidian, Musee de Valence, 26 Jun 2016-26 Feb 2017.
 Anne Dangar: Ceramics from Moly-Sabata, Art Gallery of New South Wales, 11 Aug-21 Oct 2018.
Her work has also been exhibited in several group shows including:
 Intrepid Women: Australian Women Artists in Paris 1900-1950, S.H. Ervin Gallery, Sydney, 6 Jan-11 Mar 2018.
 Abstraction: Celebrating Australian Women Abstract Artists, National Gallery of Australia touring exhibition, 25 Feb-26 Aug 2017.
 Know My Name: Australian Women Artists 1900 to Now, Part One, National Gallery of Australia, 14 Nov 2020-19 May 2021.

See also
 Andrée Le Coultre

References

Further reading
 Harding, Lesley, and Sue Cramer, eds. Cubism and Australian Art. No. 124. The Miegunyah Press, 2009.

 Gaze, Delia, Mihajlovic, Maja and Shrimpton, Leanda Dictionary of women artists. Fitzroy Dearborn, London; Chicago, 1997.
 Harding, Lesley, and Sue Cramer, eds. Cubism and Australian Art. No. 124. The Miegunyah Press, 2009.

1885 births
1951 deaths
Australian women ceramicists
Australian potters
19th-century Australian women
20th-century Australian women artists
20th-century Australian artists
Women potters
20th-century ceramists
Julian Ashton Art School alumni
People from Kempsey, New South Wales


title: Margraviate of Mantua

text:
The Marquisate or Margraviate of Mantua () was a margraviate located in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Placed under the sovereignty of the House of Gonzaga since its erection in 1433, it was further raised to Duchy in 1530.

History
The Marquisate of Mantua began with Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga who, with the payment of 12,000 gold florins, in 1433 was appointed first marquis by the Emperor Sigismund, of whom he had married his niece Barbara of Brandenburg with his eldest son, Ludovico III Gonzaga. The territorial expansion of the family began with Gianfrancesco, up to occupying some border lands of today's Upper Mantua area, taken from the Brescians, and the territories of Ostiano and Isola Dovarese, wrested from the Cremonese. During the period of the Margraviate, the Gonzaga's coat of arms was enriched with the cross in red set aside by the four eagles.

From 1444 to 1478 Ludovico III ruled, which marked a first peak in the city's artistic life. Notable artists such as Andrea Mantegna, Luca Fancelli and Leon Battista Alberti were called to his court, who left an indelible mark on the history of Mantua.

In his brief marquisate, from 1478 to 1484, Federico I Gonzaga consolidated his line of friendship with the powerful Milanese Sforza dynasty, also serving as commander of the Milanese troops.

The fourth Marquis, Francesco II, renewed his alliance with the House of Este thanks to his marriage to Isabella d'Este, one of the most important women of the Renaissance and of the Italian cultural world of her time.

With Federico II Gonzaga, who succeeded his father Francesco as fifth and last Marquis of Mantua in 1519, the city experienced another period of splendour. He is remembered for the construction of Palazzo Te by Giulio Romano and the embellishment of the Palazzo Ducale.

The history of the Marquisate of Mantua ended with Federico, which lasted a century. And on 25 March 1530, with the raise of the Margraviate to Duchy by Charles V, another period began in the history of Mantua, destined to last until 1708.

Margraves of Mantua
 Gianfrancesco, ruled as the first Margrave (1433–1444)
 Ludovico III (ruled 1444–78), son of Gianfrancesco
 Federico I (ruled 1478–84), son of Ludovico III
 Francesco II (ruled 1484–1519), son of Federico I
 Federico II (ruled as Margrave 1519–1530), son of Francesco II

References

House of Gonzaga
History of Mantua
States and territories established in 1273
States and territories disestablished in 1530
Mantua
Italian states


title: Feminism in Malaysia

text:
The feminist movement in Malaysia is a multicultural coalition of women's organisations committed to the end of gender-based discrimination, harassment and violence against women. Having first emerged as women's shelters in the mid 1980s, feminist women's organisations in Malaysia later developed alliances with other social justice movements. Today, the feminist movement in Malaysia is one of the most active actors in the country's civil society.

History
The history of feminist movement in Malaysia, its birth and the usage of the very term 'feminist' are contested. Unlike the history of the feminist movement in Britain and the United States for instance, the struggle for women's rights in Malaysia were not founded on women's right to vote. Like many other postcolonial countries during the fall of the British empire, all Malaysian citizens, both male and female, were granted the right to vote during the country's political independence in 1957.

Women's emancipation in colonial Malaya

To avoid the anachronism of the term feminist, it may be advisable to chart the history of feminism in Malaysia with the recorded usage and political championing of 'women's liberation' in the early twentieth century. The first documented use of women's liberation or women's emancipation as a political and social project in 1920s Malaya was by Malay Muslim male reformers and writers Syed Syeikh Al-Hadi and Zainal Abidin Ahmad, better known as Za'aba. Although they advocated the education of women and girls as a means to women's emancipation, the Malay Muslim modernists, or kaum muda, stressed the importance of Islamic learning as a way of equipping Malay women with the skills to fulfill their primary role, as educators of their children.

In the post-war years between 1946 and 1948, women from different ethnic groups mobilised against anti-colonialism and issues related to women's inferior status in occupied Malaya. Although they were members of the female-arm of nationalist and communist parties founded by men, the women became more radicalised in their gender-oriented anti-colonial aims and eventually gained semi-autonomous status from their parent parties. Prominent radical women of the period included the likes of Shamsiah Fakeh and later, Khatijah Sidek.

Issues in Malaysian feminist struggle

Sexual and domestic violence against women

The first women's NGO in Malaysia, the Women's Aid Organisation (WAO), was founded in the mid 1980s as a shelter for women and children who needed legal consultation and protection from domestic violence. Soon, other NGOs, such as All Women's Action Society (AWAM) emerged to campaign against the rising number of reported incidences of violence against women. Most women's NGOs which were founded since are located in the urban centres of Peninsular Malaysia.

Malaysia outlawed marital rape in 2007.

Child brides and forced marriages
Cases of child marriages gained nationwide attention in recent years as a human rights and gender issue. In nearly all cases, under-aged girls were married off to men much older than themselves. As most child marriages occur in Malaysia's Malay-Muslim community and thereby sanctioned by Sharia courts, Islamic reasons are often cited as a moral and legal justification for marrying off under-aged girls. Young female rape survivors are sometimes pressured into marrying their abusers as a way of mitigating gross sexual abuses.

Criticism and backlash

In 2012, Malaysia's previous Prime Minister, Najib Razak, declared that “There is no need for a women’s rights movement in Malaysia because equality has been given from the start.” The Malaysian premier's views did not go unchallenged in civil society and online. In April 2014, feminism was accused of being a 'facade used by a secret Zionist-Christian alliance to dishonour Muslim women' by Abdullah Zaik Abdul Rahman, the president of the Islamic organisation, Malaysian Muslim Solidarity (ISMA).

The NGO-isation of feminism in Malaysia

Feminism in Malaysia is championed primarily by activists within women's NGOs. There are setbacks to the apparent NGO-isnation of feminism in Malaysia, defined as the donor-led and institutionalisation of activism or 'Activism Inc.' The funder-led agenda of women's NGOs in Malaysia resulted in the constraining of feminist activism to fulfill the requirement and targets set by donors. Other problems arise from the NGO-isation of feminism that appear at odds with the spirit of feminism, namely the inter- and intra-organisational income inequalities amongst women workers of NGOs resulting from unequal distribution of funding.

Prominent Malaysian feminists
 Cecilia Ng - Academic and activist
 Irene Fernandez - Feminist and human rights activist who championed migrant worker's rights
 Ivy Josiah - Feminist activist
 Maria Chin Abdullah - Feminist and human rights activist and co-founder of Bersih 2.0
 Marina Mahathir - Human rights activist and writer
 Norani Othman - Academic and editor of Muslim Women and the Challenge of Islamic Extremism, co-founder of Sisters in Islam
 Toni Kasim - Feminist activist and political campaigner
 Zainah Anwar - Islamic feminist activist and co-founder of Sisters in Islam

 Rohana Ariffin- Academic and activist, co-founder of Women Crisis Centre and former president of PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia).
Khatijah Sidek - Leader of Kaum Ibu UMNO 1954-1956 and early Malaysian Feminist. Kicked out by UMNO leadership for breaking party discipline, "providing the first challenge to male dominance in the party".

See also
Aurat (Malay language)
Human rights in Malaysia
Islamic feminism
Musawah
Sisters in Islam
Women in Malaysia
Women's rights

References

External links

 All Women's Action Society (AWAM)

Women in Malaysia
Malaysia


title: Thomas Alley

text:
Thomas C. Alley (born February 12, 1946) is a Democratic politician from Michigan who served for two decades in the Michigan House of Representatives from the northern part of the state. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Michigan Senate in 1998.

A longtime Democratic activist, Alley was chairman of the Ogemaw County Democratic Party from 1974 to 1977, a member of the Michigan Democratic State Central Committee in 1975 and 1976, a delegate to both the 1976 and 1984 Democratic National Conventions, and a worker on the campaigns of Don Riegle for U.S. Senate in 1976, Sander Levin for governor in 1974, and a county coordinator for Attorney General Frank J. Kelley in 1974. Prior to his election to the House, Alley was a teacher for 10 years.

References

Democratic Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Living people
1946 births
People from Bay City, Michigan
20th-century American politicians


title: Bernhard Lund (sailor)

text:
Bernhard Georg Lund (20 February 1889 – 9 January 1968) was a Norwegian yacht racer. He was born in Darmstadt, Germany. and represented the Royal Norwegian Yacht Club. He  competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, where he placed fourth in the 8-meter class. He died in Oslo in 1968.

References

External links

1889 births
1968 deaths
Sportspeople from Darmstadt
Sailors at the 1928 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre
Norwegian male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Norway
German emigrants to Norway
Royal Norwegian Yacht Club sailors


title: Georgina Henry

text:
Georgina Clare Henry (8 June 1960 – 7 February 2014) was a British journalist. Associated with The Guardian newspaper for 25 years from 1989 until her death in 2014, she held several senior positions at the newspaper.

Biography
Born in Aden, Aden Protectorate, where her father was an army officer, Georgina Henry had an unsettled childhood as her father regularly changed postings; he retired as a full colonel. Henry was educated at Battle Abbey School in East Sussex, Cranbrook School, Kent, and King's College London, where she read history. At King's College she met Ronan Bennett, subsequently a writer, who became her lifelong partner.

Always known as "George", Henry began her career in journalism in 1984 initially working for media trade publications. She joined The Guardian as a media correspondent in 1989 from Broadcast magazine and became the editor of Media Guardian a year later. She was deputy features editor under Alan Rusbridger from 1993.

Henry's appointment as deputy editor of The Guardian in 1995 was Rusbridger's first significant staff decision after becoming editor. For some months before The Guardian adopted the Berliner format in 2005, she was effectively the paper's editor as editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger and another deputy editor, Paul Johnson, were heavily involved in its redesign.

By this time, The Guardian was committed to developing an online presence, and Henry was involved with related projects after ceasing to be deputy editor in 2006. Following a visit by Henry, for inspiration, to the New York headquarters of The Huffington Post, its founder Arianna Huffington thought Henry was a "kindred spirit",

Henry launched the Comment is Free section of The Guardians website. She became executive comment editor in March 2007, and took over from Seumas Milne responsibility for the Comment is Free website and comment pages in the newspaper.

In 2010, she was made the Head of Culture across Guardian News and Media, which includes The Observer newspaper. In 2011, Henry was appointed the head of the paper's website, guardian.co.uk, in succession to Janine Gibson.

With Eve Pollard and Deborah Orr, among others, she set up Women in Journalism in 1995, and remained on its advisory board for the rest of her life. According to The Times obituary writer, Henry was "admired by colleagues for her courage, skill, enthusiasm and trustworthiness, she was a pioneering figure in the field of journalism and a trailblazing example for women in the profession."

Personal life
Henry married Ronan Bennett, a Northern Irish novelist and screenwriter, in 2003; the couple had two children.

After experiencing double vision during a skiing holiday in late 2011, Henry was diagnosed with a cancerous sinus tumour behind her right eye. Despite an operation to remove her eye and excise the tumour, the cancer had spread to her brain. She died on 7 February 2014, aged 53.

References

External links
Henry's husband, Ronan Bennett, discusses Henry's decline and death on BBC Radio 3 programme Private Passions (around 48:00), 5 November 2017.
 Georgina Henry's contributor page, The Guardian website. Retrieved 8 February 2014.

1960 births
2014 deaths
20th-century British journalists
21st-century British journalists
Alumni of King's College London
British journalists
British women journalists
Deaths from brain cancer in England
Deaths from eye cancer
People educated at Battle Abbey School
People educated at Cranbrook School, Kent
People from Aden
The Guardian people
Writers from London


Puerto Rico women's national softball team is the national team for Puerto Rico.  The team competed at the 1986 ISF Women's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand, where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 1990 ISF Women's World Championship in Normal, Illinois, where they finished with 5 wins and 4 losses. The team competed at the 1994 ISF Women's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland, where they finished ninth. The team competed at the 2002 ISF Women's World Championship in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, where they finished eighth. At the 2018 World Championship, they placed 2nd in Group A with a record 6-1 before losing their next two games vs Japan and Canada finishing 5th overall.

All-Time Results

Summary

1986

References

External links

 International Softball Federation

Softball
Women's national softball teams
Softball in Puerto Rico
1974 establishments in Puerto Rico


title: 103rd Field Artillery Regiment

text:
The 103rd Field Artillery Regiment (103rd FAR) is a regiment of the United States Army.  The only currently existing component is the 1st Battalion, 103rd Field Artillery Regiment (1-103rd FAR), a unit of the Rhode Island National Guard.  The regiment was originally constituted in 1917, but it descends from predecessor units dating back to 1801.

Predecessor units (1801 to 1917)

Providence Marine Corps of Artillery

The 103d Field Artillery Regiment traces its origins to the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery (PMCA). (Despite the similarity of their names, the PMCA has no connection with the United States Marine Corps.) The PMCA was originally organized in 1801 by the Providence Marine Society (founded in 1798). The PMCA's original purpose was to provide trained gun crews to merchant ships based in Providence, Rhode Island, which had been threatened by the French during the Quasi War (1798–1800) as well as the increasing menace of the Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. The PMCA's first commanding officer was Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Seth Wheaton (1759–1827), who had served as a lieutenant in the Rhode Island Militia during the American Revolution.

With the pacification of the Barbary states, the PMCA continued as a chartered command of the Rhode Island Militia. As a chartered command, it had the privilege of electing its own officers and was subject only to the authority of the Governor of Rhode Island – as it was not part of the "regular" militia structure of the state – rather than the senior officers of the state militia. Its membership consisted of leading citizens of Providence and was, thereby, considered an "elite" military unit.

About 1850, the PMCA acquired the use of a castle-style armory, which is known as the Benefit Street Arsenal, from the Providence Light Infantry. The arsenal, completed in 1839, still serves as the headquarters of the PMCA and holds a large collection of military artifacts ranging from the Civil War to the Second World War. The arsenal is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

American Civil War
During the American Civil War, the PMCA was activated twice. The first time was at the outbreak of the war when it served from April 18 to August 1, 1861, as the 1st Rhode Island Battery under the command of Captain Charles H. Tompkins. The unit was armed with 14-pounder James rifles at the First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, where weapons of this type are emplaced as of 2015 in the Manassas National Battlefield Park to commemorate the battery's service.

The second time was from May to August 1862, when it served as the 10th Rhode Island Battery under the command of Captain Edwin C. Gallup. The 10th Battery was deployed, along with the 9th and 10th Rhode Island Infantry regiments, to defend Washington, D.C. The battery moved to Washington, D.C., May 27–29, 1862, and was attached to Whipple's Command, Military District of Washington. Served duty at Camp Frieze, Tennallytown, until June 23. At Cloud's Mills until June 30, and then near Fort Pennsylvania until August when the battery returned to Rhode Island and was mustered out of service August 30, 1862.

The Benefit Street Arsenal not only served as the mobilization site for the PMCA but, also, for all eight batteries of the 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery Regiment, which was organized in 1861. As a result, the PMCA is considered the "Mother of the Rhode Island Batteries" – as is stated on a plaque affixed to the Benefit Street Arsenal.

As a result of desiring a veteran's organization under their own authority, veteran members of the PMCA formed the Veteran Association PMCA. This association, composed of past and honorary members of the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, was organized on January 21, 1874. Its object was to "afford occasional opportunities to revive pleasant memories of the past, to unite in sympathy graduates separated by many years, and to secure for the active corps the benefit of their interest, influence, and strength". A large number of leading citizens of Rhode Island were members of the Veteran Association – including governors William Sprague, Henry Lippitt and Elisha Dyer Jr. The Veteran Association continues to exist as a private organization and is the de facto veterans association for the 103d Field Artillery Regiment.

Light Battery A
On April 19, 1875, the PMCA voted to make itself subject to the state militia laws and, on May 1, 1875, the PMCA was re-designated as Light Battery A of the 1st Artillery Battalion of the Rhode Island Militia. The other unit of the battalion was designated as Light Battery B.  Battery B and the battalion were disbanded in 1879 when Light Battery A continued as a separate unit within the Rhode Island Militia.

Battery A was mobilized on June 25, 1898, for service in the Spanish–American War under the command of Captain Edgar R. Barker. The battery did not serve overseas but was stationed at the Quonset Point militia training camp in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It was mustered out of service on October 26, 1898.

Battery A became part of the Rhode Island National Guard when the Guard was organized from units of the Rhode Island Militia in 1907. The National Guard was created by the Militia Act of 1903 which provided federal funding for state militia units in exchange for the units being trained and equipped to federal standards. While some militia units declined to be governed by federal regulations, Battery A, along with most of the other Rhode Island Militia units, chose to become part of the National Guard.

First World War (1917 to 1919)
Light Battery A was expanded on June 15, 1917, to form the 1st Separate Battalion, Rhode Island Field Artillery. It was mustered into active service on July 25, 1917, at Quonset Point and drafted into federal service August 5, 1917. The unit was reorganized and redesignated on August 20, 1917, as the 1st Battalion of the newly formed 103d Field Artillery Regiment, an element of the 26th Division. The 26th Division, nicknamed the "Yankee Division", was formed from National Guard units of all six New England states.

The 103d Field Artillery Regiment consisted of two battalions of three batteries each. It served with the 101st and 102d Field Artillery Regiments in the 51st Field Artillery Brigade of the 26th Division. Along with the rest of the 26th Division, the 103d was shipped to France in late 1917. Overseas, the regiment participated in six campaigns prior to the Armistice on November 11, 1918. The six campaigns were: Champagne-Marne, Aisne-Marne, St. Mihiel, Meuse–Argonne, Ile de France and Lorraine.

Interwar period (1919 to 1941)
The 103d was demobilized, along with the 26th Division, on April 29, 1919, at Camp Devens, Massachusetts. It was reorganized between April and November 1921 in the Rhode Island National Guard at Providence, Rhode Island, as the 1st Battalion, Field Artillery, with the headquarters being federally recognized on 17 November 1921 at Providence.

The 1st Battalion was redesignated on November 25. 1921 as the 1st Battalion, 103d Field Artillery (1st/103d FA), an element of the 43rd Infantry Division, a newly formed National Guard division with units from Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maine, and Vermont.

The regiment was consolidated on January 2, 1930, with the 2d Squadron, 122nd Cavalry Regiment which became the 2nd Battalion, 103d Field Artillery (2nd/103d FA) and the consolidated unit was reorganized and redesignated as the 103d Field Artillery, with headquarters at Providence.

During the interwar period the 103d was activated by order of the Governor of Rhode Island for the following state emergencies:
 Strike duty, Pawtuxet, February 20 to October 14, 1922
 Strike duty, Manville, August 31 to September 3, 1926
 Textile workers strike, Saylesville and Bristol, September 10–14, 1934
 Flood relief, Pawtuxet River, March 19–20, 1936
 Flood relief, Norwood, July 24–26, 1938
 1938 Hurricane, September 21–25, 1938

World War II (1941–1945)
The 103d was inducted into federal service, as a unit of the 43rd Infantry Division, on 24 February 1941 at home stations and was ordered to Camp Blanding, Florida. The 103d Field Artillery Regiment was broken up on 19 February 1942 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows: 1st and 2d Battalions as the 103d and 169th Field Artillery Battalions, respectively, elements of the 43d Infantry Division; the Regimental Headquarters was disbanded at this time.

During the Second World War, the 103d and 169th Field Artillery Battalions served with the 43rd Infantry Division in the Pacific Theater. Both units earned campaign credit for service in the New Guinea, Northern Solomons, and Luzon campaigns. Additionally, the 169th Field Artillery Battalion earned credit for the Guadalcanal campaign.

Captain Elwood Joseph Euart of the regiment was the only member of the 103rd lost in the sinking of the U.S. Army transport USAT President Coolidge on October 26, 1942.  Captain Euart had safely got off President Coolidge when he heard that there were still men in the infirmary who could not get out. He returned through one of the sea doors, successfully rescued the men but was then unable to escape himself and went down with the ship. He was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.

The 43d Division was located in the Philippines at the time of the Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945.

Post–World War II (1945 to 2001)
The 103d Field Artillery Battalion was inactivated on October 22, 1945, at Camp Stoneman, California. It was reorganized and federally recognized in the Rhode Island National Guard on 15 October 1946 with headquarters at Providence.

The 169th Field Artillery Battalion was inactivated on 22 October 1945 at Camp Stoneman, California. On 21 May 21, 1946, it was relieved from assignment to the 43d Infantry Division. Reorganized and federally recognized 19 January 1948 with headquarters at Providence. Reorganized and redesignated 1 March 1949 as the 169th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion and assigned to the 43d Infantry Division.

Shortly after the outbreak of the Korean War, in June 1950, the 103d and 169th battalions, as units of the 43d Infantry Division, were ordered into active federal service September 5, 1950, and spent three years in Germany replacing Regular Army units which had been sent to fight in Korea. The 43d Infantry Division was demobilized shortly after the armistice was signed in July 1953.

The 103d Field Artillery Battalion and the 169th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion were consolidated April 1, 1959, with Headquarters, 103d Field Artillery (concurrently reconstituted in the Rhode Island Army National Guard) to form the 103d Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Rocket Howitzer Battalion and the 2d, 3d, and 4th Howitzer Battalions, elements of the 43d Infantry Division. The 103d FA Battalion was re-designated as 1st Battalion, 103d Artillery Regiment (1st/103d) on June 19, 1961.

The 103d Artillery Regiment was reorganized 18 March 1963 to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Howitzer Battalions. Reorganized on January 1, 1965, to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Howitzer Battalions and Battery F. Reorganized  March 1, 1966, to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Howitzer Battalions.

The 43d Infantry Division was disbanded on December 16, 1967, and its units were assigned to other organizations.  The 103d Artillery was reorganized on February 1, 1968, to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions.

The 103d Artillery Regiment was redesignated on 1 March 1972 as the 103d Field Artillery Regiment.

In February 1978 the 103d Field Artillery was mobilized, along with the entire Rhode Island National Guard, to provide emergency service in response to the Great Blizzard of 1978, which paralyzed the state with over 3 feet of snow.

In May 1968 the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery of the XLIII Corps Artillery was redesignated as the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery of the 103d Field Artillery Group to provide commanded and control of the 1st/103d and the 2nd/103d. The 103d FA Brigade also had operational control of three other field artillery battalions under the CAPSTONE program which integrated Regular Army, Army Reserve, and National Guard units.   In October 1979 the 103d Field Artillery Group was redesignated as the 103d Field Artillery Brigade.  While the 103d FA Brigade shared the same numerical designation as the 103d FA Regiment, it did not share the same lineage and honors as it was a newly created unit.

As of 1984 the 1st and 2nd Battalions were part of the 103rd Field Artillery Brigade, headquartered at Providence, both equipped with 155-mm towed artillery pieces.

The 2d Battalion, 103d Field Artillery Regiment was inactivated in April 1990. The 1-103d remained under the 103d Field Artillery Brigade. In the late 1990s the Cranston Street Armory in Providence was closed and the headquarters of the 103d Field Artillery Brigade, as well as the Headquarters Battery, Battery A, and Service Battery of the 1st-103d, were relocated to the Armory of Mounted Commands on North Main Street in Providence. Battery B of the 1-103d was located at a former Nike missile site in North Smithfield and Battery C was located in Bristol adjacent to the Rhode Island Veterans Home.

Recent conflicts (2001 to present)
Elements of the 1st Battalion, 103d Field Artillery Regiment were mobilized for service in Iraq and Kuwait during Operation Iraqi Freedom. From January 2004 to April 2005 batteries A and B of the 1-103d served on active duty and supported combat operation in Iraq for nearly 13 of the 15-month mobilization. On December 3, 2014, Battery A (Forward) was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation along with the 1st Battalion, 206th Field Artillery Regiment for meritorious service during the deployment.

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery of the 103d Field Artillery Brigade was mobilized in August 2004, was sent to Iraq, and served until August 2005. C Battery, 1-103d deployed to Iraq from September 2007 to September 2008.

The Headquarters of the 103d Field Artillery Brigade was inactivated on September 6, 2008. As a result, the 1st Battalion, 103d Field Artillery was reassigned to the 197th Field Artillery Brigade (New Hampshire Army National Guard) in its operational chain of command and to the 43rd Military Police Brigade (Rhode Island Army National Guard) in its administrative chain of command.  At the same time as the inactivation of the 103d Field Artillery Brigade, the 1207th Transportation Company and the 1043d Maintenance Company were consolidated to form the 1207th Forward Support Company (FSC) to provide logistical and maintenance support to 1st Battalion, 103d Field Artillery.

As of 2020, 1st Battalion, 103d Field Artillery continues to serve in the Rhode Island National Guard. The 1st BN 103d FA consists of five units: Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, Batteries A, B and C (C Btry re-stationed to NH Army National Guard in 2019), and the 1207th Forward Support Company (FSC).

Veterans association
In the post World War II era, the name "Providence Marine Corps of Artillery" has been used by a private non-profit entity that functions as the de facto veterans association of the 103d Field Artillery.  (Its membership is primarily current and former members of the 103d Field Artillery with a select group of other individuals.)  It holds a long term lease on the historic Benefit Street Arsenal which houses numerous artifacts that commemorate the history of the 103d Field Artillery.  The arsenal is also used for meetings of Elisha Dyer Camp 7 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) and the annual encampment of the Rhode Island Department of the SUVCW.

Notable members
 Brigadier General Harold R. Barker - artillery commander of the 43rd Infantry Division.
 Colonel Howard F. Brown
 Major General William C. Chase - Commander of the 1st Cavalry Division.
 Brigadier General Elisha Dyer Jr. – Adjutant General and Governor of Rhode Island.
 Brigadier General Pelham D. Glassford - Commander during World War I.
 Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Lippitt – Commander of 103d Field Artillery Battalion from 1953–1963, public servant and philanthropist.
 Colonel Henry Lippitt – Governor of Rhode Island.
 Major General James W. Nuttall
 Colonel John A. Twachtman – Commanded regiment during World War I.
 Brigadier General Richard Valente

Heraldry

Coat of arms

Distinctive unit insignia

See also
State Arsenal (Providence, Rhode Island)

References
Notes

Bibliography
McKenney, Janice E. (1985) Field artillery Part 2, Army Lineage Series.  Washington DC: United States Army Center for Military History

External links
1st Battalion, 103rd Field Artillery, Rhode Island National Guard

Field artillery regiments of the United States Army
Field artillery regiments of the United States Army National Guard
F 103
Military units and formations in Rhode Island
Military units and formations established in 1917


Chinese Taipei women's national softball team is the national team for Taiwan (Chinese Taipei).

History
The team competed at the 1986 ISF Women's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished sixth. The team competed at the 1990 ISF Women's World Championship in Normal, Illinois where they finished with 6 wins and 3 losses. The team competed at the 1994 ISF Women's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished fifth. The team competed at the 1998 ISF Women's World Championship in Fujinomiya City, Japan where they finished seventh. The team competed at the 2002 ISF Women's World Championship in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan where they finished third. The team competed at the 2006 ISF Women's World Championship in Beijing, China where they finished eighth. The team competed at the 2010 ISF Women's World Championship in Caracas, Venezuela where they finished seventh. The team competed at the 2022 World Games and won a bronze medal.

References

External links
 International Softball Federation

Women's national softball teams
Softball in Taiwan
Softball


title: Come Along (Titiyo song)

text:
"Come Along" is a song by Swedish recording artist Titiyo. It was written by Joakim Berg and Peter Svensson for her album of the same name (2001), while production was helmed by Tore Johansson. The song was selected as the album's lead single and reached the first place in GLF and, according to Billboard, became the most played song on Sveriges Radio. The song was awarded a Swedish Grammis Award in the category Song of the Year and a Rockbjörnen Award for Swedish Song of the Year.

The song was included in the soundtrack for the 2004 film Iron Jawed Angels and was covered by Vicci Martinez. The official music video was made available on YouTube channel of Diesel Music, owner of label Superstudio Blå on 8 December 2011.

Reception
Dave Thompson from AllMusic wrote, that the song "sets the scene, a sultry post-blues number infused with just enough of Titiyo's trademark dance sensibility to mask (but never bury) the distinctly PJ Harvey-esque feel of the song itself". Mila Kravchuk from Ukrainian music website @music noted: "We fell in love with this sluggish blues melody, stretching like a molasses, with equal, rhythmic stresses. [...] It's as if this tune was brought from the old gramophone record by Robert Johnson".

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links
 Titiyo.com — official site

Titiyo songs
2001 songs
2001 singles
Songs written by Joakim Berg
Songs written by Peter Svensson
Number-one singles in Poland