title: Fletcher B. Cherington

text:
Fletcher B. Cherington (1850-1908) was an American Methodist reverend during the late 19th-early 20th century.
Cherington was born in Ohio in 1850, and died in Pasadena, Ca in November 1908 at the age of 58.

Career
Rev. Cherington served as the first president of the College of Puget Sound (now the University of Puget Sound) in Tacoma, Washington from 1890–1892. After leaving the college, he served as a minister in Southern California for 16 years. He retired about a year before his death due to his failing health.

In 1900, Cherington published a series of sermons he gave in San Francisco, Ca, entitled Siftings; excerpts from sermons preached in Plymouth Congregational Church, San Francisco, California. The publication was only published in limited quantity by the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavour of Plymouth Congregational Church, in San Francisco.

References

External links
 President's Office Records, 1888-1942

American Methodist clergy


title: Gymnastics at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's artistic team

text:
The men's artistic team competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 1 October 2002 at the Sajik Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results

References

2002 Asian Games Report, Pages 428–429
 Results

External links
 Official website

Artistic Men Team


title: Finn Olav Gundelach

text:
Finn Olav Gundelach (23 April 1925 – 13 January 1981) was a Danish diplomat and European Commissioner. He served as vice-president of the European Commission from 6 January 1977 to 6 January 1981.

Gundelach was educated from the University of Aarhus in 1951. From 1955 to 1959 he was the Danish ambassador to the United Nations. In 1959 he was named director of the trade branch of GATT and vice director of the entire GATT in 1965. He left GATT in 1967 in order to become Danish ambassador to the EC.

In 1973 he was named as the first Danish European Commissioner by prime minister Anker Jørgensen. He was commissioner from 6 January 1973 until his death in 1981 from a sudden heart attack.

References

|-

|-

1925 births
1981 deaths
20th-century Danish diplomats
Permanent Representatives of Denmark to the United Nations
Danish European Commissioners
European Commissioners 1977–1981
European Commissioners 1981–1985


title: Rodrigo Iván Cortés Jiménez

text:
Rodrigo Iván Cortés Jiménez (born 4 September 1971) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

References

1971 births
Living people
Politicians from the State of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Panamerican University alumni
21st-century Mexican politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico


title: David Sater

text:
David Sater (born November 7, 1947) is a former Republican member of the Missouri Senate, representing the 29th district. Previously, Sater served 4 terms in the Missouri House of Representatives (2004-2012), representing the 68th District.

Early life and education
Born November 7, 1947 in Springfield, Missouri, Sater graduated from Greenwood High School in Springfield in 1965,and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology and Chemistry from Southwest Missouri State University in 1969. He went on to earn a degree in Pharmacy from the University of Missouri-Kansas City in 1972.

Professional life
After earning his Pharm.D., Sater owned and operated Sater Pharmacy in Cassville from 1974 to 2004.

Electoral history

State representative

State Senate

Personal life
Sater and his wife, Sharon, reside in Cassville, Missouri and have two children, Joshua and Samantha. Sater is a member of the First Baptist Church of Cassville.

References

http://www.senate.mo.gov/14info/members/mem29.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140826192637/http://davidsater.org/about.php

Living people
Republican Party Missouri state senators
Republican Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni
Missouri State University alumni
American pharmacists
1947 births
21st-century American politicians
Politicians from Springfield, Missouri
People from Cassville, Missouri


title: Listed buildings in Wybunbury

text:
Wybunbury is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contains eight buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Wybunbury, and is otherwise rural. The listed buildings consist of houses, a school, a public house, a war memorial, and the tower of an otherwise demolished church.

Key

Buildings

References

Citations

Sources

Listed buildings in the Borough of Cheshire East
Lists of listed buildings in Cheshire


title: Mezidemestan Kadın

text:
Mezidemestan Kadın (, "merry woman", also Mezidimestan Kadın; born Kadriye Kamile Merve Mikanba; 3 March 1869 – 21 January 1909) was the sixth consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life
Mezidemestan Kadın was born in 1869. Born as Kadriye Kamile Merve Mikanba, she was a member of Abkhazian noble family Mikanba. Her father was Kaymat Bey Mikanba. She had been brought to Istanbul when she was young, where she was entrusted to the entourage of Sultan Murad V, Abdülhamid II's older half-brother. Here her name according to the custom of the Ottoman court was changed to Mezidemestan. She was tall, with dark brown hair and brown eyes. She was known for her extreme shyness. She was aunt of Emine Nazikeda Hanım, future consort of Sultan Mehmed VI, Abdülhamid II's younger half-brother.

Marriage
Mezidimestan married Abdul Hamid on 2 February 1885 at the Yıldız Palace. She was given the title of "Fifth Kadın". On 19 December 1885, after ten months of the wedding, she gave birth to her only son, Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin. Mehmed Burhaneddin was the most favourite son of Abdul Hamid. As the mother of the sultan's favourite son she was very influential but never abused her position; instead, she was known for helping everyone and even her step-children loved her.

In 1895, she was elevated to the title of "Fourth Kadın", and in 1901, she was elevated to the title of "Third Kadın". Abdul Hamid had presented her a villa located on the grounds of Yıldız Palace. She was beautiful, had black eyes, black eyebrows, and thick black hair.

Death
Mezidimestan died of stomach cancer, on 21 January 1909, just three months before the overthrow of Abdul Hamid, at the age of thirty-nine in the Yıldız Palace, and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery, Istanbul.

Issue

See also
Kadın (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1869 births
1909 deaths
19th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans
People from the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent
Abdul Hamid II
20th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans


title: Types of legal entities in Russia

text:
Russian businesses may have one of several types of legal status. A business may operate as a limited liability company, or as a public or private joint-stock company, or may be run by a sole proprietor. Other types of commercial and non-commercial organizations are also recognized.

Limited liability company (LLC)
OOO,
LLC is set up by one or several persons (legal entities and/or individuals), its charter capital is divided into participatory shares, and LLC participants are not liable for company's obligations and bear the risk of losses to the extent of the contributions made by them. The number of shareholders may not exceed 50.

LLC is the most popular legal entity because of simple registration and simplified taxation. LLC can be registered within 3 business days after submitting the documents. In most cases LLCs are eligible for simplified taxation: 15 per cent profits tax or 6 per cent income tax.

Private joint-stock company
ZAO,
In a PrivJSC shares are distributed only among its founders or another predetermined group of persons. A closed company has the right to conduct a closed subscription to its shares, while the shareholders of a closed company have a pre-emptive right to purchase shares sold by other company shareholders. The number of company's shareholders should not exceed 50.

Public joint-stock company
OAO,
An open company has the right to conduct open subscription to its shares – among an unlimited group of persons and closed subscription (a limited predetermined group of persons), if the opportunity to conduct a closed subscription is not limited by company's charter or legal acts. Shareholders do not have a pre-emptive right to purchase shares sold by other shareholders of the company. The number of shareholders is unlimited.

Other status
Individual entrepreneur (IP, )
Autonomous nonprofit organization (ANO, )
Unitary state enterprise (GP or GUP, )
Investment fund (, "fund")
Production Cooperative (PK, )
Political party (PP, )

References

Russian business law
Business-related lists
Russia-related lists
Types of business entity


title: Percy Merriman

text:
Percival Harry Merriman (11 June 1882 – 1966) was an English musician and songwriter.

During World War I, he served in the 60th Division, Civil Service Rifles. While convalescing, in 1917, he became a member of The Roosters Concert Party, named after Captain G U B Roose, the Commandant of their base in Salonika, Summerhill Camp. They turned professional, made their first radio broadcast in 1923, and operated for another two decades. For them, he wrote sketches and songs, the latter including "Old Comrades Re-Union" (1930).

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 17 August 1964.

His son Eric Merriman was a comedy scriptwriter, writing Beyond Our Ken for Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams.

References

1882 births
1966 deaths
Date of death missing
British Army personnel of World War I
British male songwriters
20th-century British musicians
People from St Pancras, London


title: Urtica pilulifera

text:
Urtica pilulifera, also known as the Roman nettle, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the family Urticaceae.

Description
Urtica pilulifera, also known as the Roman nettle, can grow up to around 2 feet tall. Its leaves have stinging hairs, which can irritate the skin.

Distribution
Urtica pilulifera is native to the countries around the Mediterranean, and eastwards into the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. It has been introduced into Belgium, Germany and Great Britain. It is no longer found in Britain.

References

Sources

 Sp. Pl. 2: 983. 1753

https://lisalodwick.com/2014/04/10/romannettle/#:~:text=Flora%20Europaea%20does%20tell%20us,north%20but%20is%20now%20rare.
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Urtica+pilulifera
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-properties/texture
https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/02/20/1574055.htm

External links

pilulifera
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


title: Anna Zay

text:
Anna Zay (b. 1680 - d.1733), was a Hungarian writer. She is regarded as a notable member of the early Hungarian baroque poetry. She came from Felvidék Evangelical Lutheran family to her father Baron András Zay (†1685) and her mother Baron Révay Krisztina.

18th-century Hungarian women writers
18th-century Hungarian poets
1733 deaths
1680 births
Hungarian women poets


title: Saywa Q'asa

text:
Saywa Q'asa (Quechua saywa boundary stone, landmark, q'asa mountain pass, "landmark mountain pass", Hispanicized spelling Sayhuaccasa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Ayacucho Region, Cangallo Province, in the north of the Paras District. Saywa Q'asa lies south-west of the mountain Chiqllarasu, west of the mountain Saywa (Sayhua), north-east of the mountain Waranwallqa and east of the mountain Rit'ipata.

The Pampawasi River (Pampahuasi) originates near Saywa Q'asa. It flows to the south where its waters reach Pampas River near the town of Paras.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Ayacucho Region


title: Tomás Cruz Martínez

text:
Tomás Cruz Martínez (born 21 December 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

References

1959 births
Living people
Politicians from the State of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico


title: Amália Bezerédj

text:
Amália Bezerédj (1804–1837) was a Hungarian writer. She founded a school on her husband's estate and wrote  for her daughter. This is considered the first significant Hungarian children's book, although it and her other work, a reader for village children, were not published until three years after her death.

References

1804 births
1837 deaths
19th-century Hungarian women writers
19th-century Hungarian writers
Hungarian children's writers
Hungarian women children's writers


title: Nefise Hatun

text:
Nefise Melek Sultan Hatun (; "precious" and "angel";  - ) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Murad I of the Ottoman Empire. She was the wife of Alaeddin Ali Bey of Karaman, the ruler of Karamanids, and was the mother of the next Karamanid ruler, Mehmed II of Karaman.

Life
Her father served her to try to calm Alaeddin Bey, the son and successor of Halil Bey, ruler of Karamanids. He therefore married her to him in 1378. In the early days of the reign of Murad, Alaeddin, tried to increase the embarrassment that the revolt of the landowners of Galatia had raised Murad, and to encourage the insurrection by a diversion powerful, excited the Warsaks to join the rebels' Angora; but the capture of the city and wedding of Nefise Hatun, Murad with Alaeddin, restored peace for some time. From that moment, the envious Alaeddin sought every opportunity to break the treaty which united the ruler of the Ottomans.

As seen, the union did not have the desired effect. Therefore, to resume hostilities with the participation of two of the sons of Murad I, Yakub Çelebi and Bayezid, therefore, brethren Nefise. Defeated, Alaeddin took refuge in Konya. To get out of this mess, he sent Nefise to her father, to ask for forgiveness from the Sultan.

According to Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall:

Alphonse de Lamartine tells the scene with more details:

In 1387 Nefise built the Theological College of Karaman. She at least had three sons: Nasiraeddin Mehmed II of Karaman (1379-1423), who was Alaeddinʻs successor after his death; Alaeddin Ali Bey (1381-1424) and Oğuz Bey (probably died in infancy).

Nefise died around 1400.

See also
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman dynasty
List of Ottoman princesses

Annotations

References

Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, History of the Ottoman Empire (1835).
Alphonse de Lamartine, History of Turkey (1851), 6 volumes.

Sources

1360s births
1400 deaths
14th-century Ottoman princesses


title: Asporça Hatun

text:
Asporça Hatun () was a wife of Sultan Orhan of the Ottoman Empire.

Possibly of Greek origin, Asporça was the mother of three or four of Orhan's children, Ibrahim Bey, Fatma Hatun and Selçuk Hatun, and according to some authors also Şerefullah Bey

She appointed the first Ottoman grand vizier Alaeddin Pasha
as the representative for her foundations. In September 1323, her father-in-law, Osman I, granted her two villages, Narlı and Kiyaklı, which she then deeded to her descendants, making her son Ibrahim, or Ibrahim and Şerefullah, her executor.

When she died, she was buried along with her husband Orhan in the tomb of the latter's father Osman, located in Bursa; the original tomb having been replaced by two new tomb, her sarcophagus is housed in Osman's new tomb, while Orhan has his own tomb.

See also

Ottoman Empire
Ottoman dynasty

References

Sources

14th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans
1300 births
1362 deaths
14th-century deaths


title: Malina Popivanova

text:
Malina Popivanova (April 7, 1902, Kočani, Ottoman Empire – July 19, 1954, Tyumen, USSR) was a prominent Macedonian communist.

Personal life
Popivanova joined the revolutionary movement when she was very young and still in school. In 1919, she was arrested by the Bulgarian police during demonstrations in Sofia. Her parents and brothers, Ivan and Ceko Popivanov, were also arrested for participating in the same demonstration.

She was accepted into the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1920, in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia. She remained there until 1921 and pursued studies in the field of pharmacology. She moved to the city of Skopje from 1921 to 1924, and was an active member of the Cultural and Artistic Association, also known as "Abrasevic".

In the autumn of 1924, she moved to the USSR for schooling under the order of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and became the first Macedonian to graduate from Ia. M. Sverdlov Communist University in 1928.

Career
In order to deal with the factional fighting in the Yugoslav Communist Party, the Comintern in the spring of 1928 sent more reliable cadres to Yugoslavia, including Popivanova. She first got a job working in Zagreb, then in Dalmatia, which was the center of the left faction in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.

In November 1928 Popivanova was a delegate to the Fourth Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in Dresden, along with Koco Racin At the Congress she was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, making her the first Macedonian with such a high position. After the Congress she returned to Zagreb, but due to illness in 1929 emigrated to the USSR where she lived and continued to operate under the name Elena Nikolaevna Galkina. In autumn 1929 she became a lecturer at the Communist University for National Minorities of the West (CONMW). At the end of 1929 she participated in dealing with opponents of the line of the Comintern in the Yugoslav CONMW sector. She taught at CONMW until December 1932, when she was sent to do organizational work, first in Moscow, and in October 1933 in the Omsk area. From there, in 1935 she was sent to Chervishevo in the Tyumenskaya area.

In 1937, at the height of Stalin's purges she was excluded from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and then arrested. In 1939 she was cleared and settled in Tyumen Oblast. There she worked as a teacher of history at the School of Pedagogy. She was later readmitted to the party. She died in 1954.

A November 28, 1963, decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, she along with her father Stefan was politically rehabilitated and registered as Macedonian. This information was taken from a questionnaire that she filled out in 1932 when seeking papers from the Soviet Union, where in the "nationality" section she wrote - Macedonian.

A primary school in Kocani is named "Malina Popivanova".

References

Macedonian communists
Women in World War II
Immigrants to the Soviet Union
Yugoslav emigrants
Soviet rehabilitations
1902 births
1954 deaths
People from Kočani


title: Bedrifelek Kadın

text:
Bedrifelek Kadın (, "moon of the sky"; 4 January 1851 – 8 February 1930) was the third consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life
Bedrifelek Kadın was born on 4 January 1851 in Anapa. She was a member of Circassian family, the House of Kerzedzh (). Her father was Kerzedzh Mehmed Bey and her mother the Abkhazian princess Faruhan Hanım İnal-lpa. She had a younger sister, Dilber Hanım, and three paternal younger half-sisters, Şazıdil Hanim, Nevrestan Hanim e Melekistan Hanım. When Russia invaded the Caucasus and exterminated the Circassians, she managed to escape to Istanbul, where she entered the Ottoman court. Able to contact her family, her sister Dilber Hanım and her mother came to stay with her. Her mother died shortly after and her father remarried with her half-sisters' mother. She was described as blonde, with blue eyes and fair skin.

Marriage
Bedrifelek received a good education and married Abdul Hamid on 15 November 1868 in the Dolmabahçe Palace. A year after the marriage, on 11 January 1870, she gave birth to the couple's first child, a son, Şehzade Mehmed Selim, followed two years later by Zekiye Sultan, born on 21 January 1872.

After Abdul Hamid's accession to the throne on 31 August 1876, she was given the title of the "Third Kadın". In 1877, Bedrifelek and other members of the imperial family settled in the Yıldız Palace, after Abdul Hamid moved there on 7 April 1877. Here on 12 February 1878, she gave birth to the couple's third child, a son, Şehzade Ahmed Nuri. At one point, however, she also suffered at least one miscarriage. In 1879 Abdülhamid divorced his Second Consort Nurefsun Kadın and Bedrifelek became Second Consort.

Abdülhamid did not get along with Mehmed Selim and this damaged his relationship with Bedrifelek, because in order not to see his son he stopped visiting her and in public he treated her coldly. However, he respected her. Bedrifelek was known as a kind, thoughtful, smiling woman and got along well with all other consorts.

On 16 September 1895, after the death of Abdul Hamid's first consort, Nazikeda Kadın, Bedrifelek was installed the first consort and chief consort with the title of "BaşKadin". After Rahime Perestu Sultan's death, adoptive mother and Valide Sultan, in 1906, she became the principal lady in the imperial harem.

On 27 April 1909, Abdul Hamid was deposed, and sent into exile in Thessaloniki. Bedrifelek didn't followed him, and so remained in Istanbul. Following the 31 March Incident, there was the concrete possibility for Bedrifelek to become Valide Sultan because her son Mehmed Selim had been chosen as his father’s successor. In the end this did not happen and Abdülhamid II's half-brother Mehmed V became Sultan, and maybe for this reason she did not follow Abdülhamid to Thessaloniki. Abdul Hamid's whole family was expelled from Yıldız Palace, and most of them didn't even have a place to live in. Bedrifelek, and her sons, Selim, and Ahmed, initially settled in her daughter, Zekiye Sultan's mansion in Tarlabaşı, before she settled with her son Selim, in his mansion located in Serencebey.

After Thessaloniki fell to Greece in 1912, Abdul Hamid returned to Istanbul, and settled in the Beylerbeyi Palace, where he died in 1918.

Sponsorings
In 1900, Bedrifelek sponsored the construction of a fountain known as the "Körük Fountain" in Gebze. In 1909, she sponsored the repairing of the tekke and tomb of Nûreddin Cerrâhi in Karagümrük, Istanbul. She also made donations to the "Ottoman Hilal-i Ahmer Association" (Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyet).

Last years and death
At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Bedrifelek remained in her son's mansion in Serencebey. Those who knew her said she would never get out of her house and she would always reminisce about her time in Yıldız Palace. She always wore white clothes and a white veil to cover her head and her eyes would always be wet and mournful. She was always melancholic and always spoke nostalgically of the old days when she was Imperial Consort. On 14 January 1925, she gave the power of attorney to Sami Günzberg, a well-known Turkish Jewish lawyer, authorising him to regain from usurpers buildings, lands, mines, concessions left by Abdul Hamid situated in Turkish territory and elsewhere. She died on 8 February 1930 at the age of seventy-nine, and was buried in Yahya Efendi cemetery, Istanbul.

Issue

See also
 Kadın (title)
 Ottoman Imperial Harem
 List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1851 births
1930 deaths
19th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans
People from the Ottoman Empire of Circassian descent
Circassian nobility
Abdul Hamid II


title: Good Tidings and Great Joy

text:
Good Tidings and Great Joy: Protecting the Heart of Christmas is a 2013 book by Sarah Palin that became a New York Times Bestseller. The book makes "an emphatic case for the true meaning of Christmas." The title of the book is an allusion to Luke 2:10 in the New Testament. Palin promoted the book with a 15-city tour. According to Publishers Weekly, the book sold 209,591 copies in 2013.

References

2013 non-fiction books
American political books
Books about politics of the United States
Books by Sarah Palin
Books critical of modern liberalism in the United States
Christmas books
Current affairs books
Broadside Books books


title: Sami David David

text:
Sami Gabriel David David (born 5 April 1950) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LII, LIV and LIX Legislatures of the Mexican Congress and as Senator of the LVI and LVII Legislatures as a plurinominal representative.

References

1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Chiapas
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Presidents of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
20th-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni


{{Infobox horse race
|name            = 9th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
|horse race      = King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
|image           =
|caption         =
|location        = Ascot Racecourse
|date            = 18 July 1959
|winning horse   = ''Alcide (GB)
|starting price  =
|winning jockey  = Harry Carr
|winning trainer = Capt. Cecil Boyd-Rochfort (GB)
|winning owner   = Sir Humphrey de Trafford
|conditions      =
|previous        =
|next            =
}}

The 1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 18 July 1959. It was the 9th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The contenders
The race attracted a field of eleven runners, four trained in the United Kingdom, five in France, one in Ireland and one in Germany. The favourite was the Cecil Boyd-Rochfort-trained Alcide, a four-year-old colt owned by Sir Humphrey de Trafford who had been a hot favourite for the previous year’s Epsom Derby, but could not run in that race because he was most likely ‘got at’ and had received a savage blow in his box, which had broken one of his ribs. The Irish challenger was Gladness. France was represented by Balbo, Al Mabsoot, Chief (owned by Prince Aly Khan), Ascot Gold Cup-winner Wallaby II (who in that race had beaten Alcide by a 'short head' into 2nd place 30 days ago) and Amourrou. The German challenger was the five-year-old Orsini, winner of the Deutsches Derby. Orsini's 5th place would be the best performance of a German-trained horse in the race until Danedream's success in 2012. Apart from Alcide, the best of the British-trained runners appeared to be the Epsom Oaks second Cantelo. The other runners were Pindari, owned by H. M. The Queen, and the filly Mirnaya.

The race
Alcide was last into the straight, but, admirably ridden by William (‘Harry’) Carr, won comfortably.

Race details
 Sponsor:
 First prize: £28,642
 Surface: Turf
 Going: Good
 Distance: 12 furlongs
 Number of runners: 11
 Winner's time: 2:31.39

Full result

* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance; UR = unseated rider

Winner's details
Further details of the winner, Alcide
 Sex: Colt
 Foaled: xx xxxx 1955
 Country: United Kingdom
 Sire: Alycidon; Dam: Chenille (King Salmon)
 Owner: Sir Humphrey de Trafford
 Breeder:''' Sir Humphrey de Trafford

References

King George
 1959
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
20th century in Berkshire


title: Gevheri Kadın

text:
Gevheri Kadın (, "gem"; 8 July 1856 – 6 September 1884), born Emine Hanim, was a consort of Sultan Abdulaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

Life
Gevheri Kadın was born on 8 July 1856. She was Abkhazian, daughter of Salih Bey and Şaziye Hanim, prince Tsanba Osman Bey's daughter, and her real name was Emine Hanim. She was sent to the palace as a child and educated to become a consort by Pertevniyal Sultan, Abdülaziz's mother. She married Abdulaziz in 1872 in the Dolmabahçe Palace, and was given the title of "Senior Ikbal". A year after the marriage, on 21 March 1873, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Esma Sultan. On 22 September 1874, she gave birth to her second child, a son, Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin in the Çırağan Palace. Sometime later she was elevated to the title of "Fifth Kadın", and in 1875, to the title of "Fourth Kadın".  She had long curly auburn hair and blue eyes. She always wore white dresses with a red sash at the waist and a light blue veil hotoz on her head; her only jewelry were the rings Abdülaziz gave her on their wedding day. Gevheri was a very charitable women: she helped the poor however she could, paid for the education of young orphans and even supplied funds to repair several mosques and schools.

Abdulaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876, his nephew Murad V became the Sultan. He was transferred to Feriye Palace the next day. Gevheri, and other women Abdulaziz's entourage didn't wanted to leave the Dolmabahçe Palace. So they were grabbed by hand and were send out to the Feriye Palace. In the process, they were searched from head to toe and everything of value was taken from them. On 4 June 1876, Abdulaziz died under mysterious circumstances.

Death
Gevheri and the other wives were released from captivity by Abdulhamid II in September 1876. She then lived with her children with Şehzade Yusuf Izzedin and later in the Ortaköy Palace.

Gevheri died on 6 September 1884 in the Feriye Palace, Ortaköy at the age of twenty-eight, and was buried in the mausoleum of the imperial ladies at the New Mosque Istanbul.

Issue

See also
Kadın (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1856 births
1884 deaths
19th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans
People from the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent


title: Alex McMurtry

text:
Alexandra Claire McMurtry (born December 8, 1996) is an American former artistic gymnast. She is the 2013 Nastia Liukin Cup champion and the 2017 NCAA Champion.  She competed in NCAA gymnastics for the Florida Gators and was the 10th person in NCAA history to record a Gym Slam.

Early life and education
McMurtry was born in Commerce Township, Michigan, to David and Christine McMurtry and has two siblings.  She graduated from James River High School in 2015 and started up at the University of Florida that fall and was part of their gymnastics team.  McMurtry graduated summa cum laude in August 2018 with degree in Applied Physiology & Kinesiology–Exercise Physiology.

Gymnastics career

Junior Olympic Level 10

2011 – 2012
McMurtry competed at the 2011 Women's Junior Olympic Level 10 National Championships in Long Beach, California.  She won the all-around title with 38.575 points, ahead of silver medalist Maggie Nichols.  She also tied for the highest score on vault with a 9.950 and floor with a score of 9.650.

In 2012 McMurtry competed at the Atlanta Crown Invitational where she placed first in the all-around and qualifier for the Nastia Liukin Cup.  There she placed second behind Charity Jones.  At the 2012 Women's Junior Olympic Level 10 National Championships, McMurtry once again placed first.

2013 – 2014
In early 2013, McMurtry verbally committed to attend the University of Florida on a gymnastics scholarship.  In March 2013 McMurtry once again competed at the Nastia Liukin Cup; this time she finished in first place.  At the 2013 Women's Junior Olympic Level 10 National Championships she finished in second place behind future Florida Gator teammate Alicia Boren.  At the 2014 Women's Junior Olympic Level 10 National Championships, McMurtry finished in eighth place after a disappointing uneven bars performance.  She finished first on vault.

NCAA

2014–2015
As a freshman in 2015, McMurtry regularly contributed to the Florida gymnastics team on vault, bars and beam during the regular season, and also saw action on floor. She was ranked #1 in the nation on vault at the end of the regular season on March 16, 2015.

2015–2016
McMurtry made her floor exercise debut in a match against LSU.  She received two perfect 10s on uneven bars.

2016–2017
McMurtry won the all-around at both the Southeastern Conference Championships and at the 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship. Additionally she won the Honda Sports Award and the NCAA Elite 90 Award, an award given to the student-athlete with the highest GPA at each of the 90 NCAA championships sites.

2017–2018
On January 26, McMurtry earned a perfect 10 on balance beam, thus completing a Gym Slam – earning a perfect 10 on each apparatus.  She is the second Florida Gator to achieve this feat after Bridget Sloan.  Later in the season McMurtry won the gold on vault at both the Southeastern Conference Championships and at the 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship.  She was also awarded the NCAA's Today's Top 10 Award.

Career perfect 10.0

Competitive history

References

1996 births
Living people
Level 10 gymnasts
People from Brighton, Michigan
Sportspeople from Livingston County, Michigan
People from Midlothian, Virginia
Sportspeople from Virginia
American female artistic gymnasts
Florida Gators women's gymnasts
21st-century American women


title: Naby Keïta

text:
Naby Laye Keïta (born 10 February 1995) is a Guinean professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Bundesliga club Werder Bremen and captains the Guinea national team.

Keïta began his professional career with Ligue 2 club FC Istres in 2013, and a year later he moved to Red Bull Salzburg, where he won the Austrian Football Bundesliga and Austrian Cup double in both of his seasons. He then moved to RB Leipzig in 2016, making the Bundesliga team of the season in his first year and the UEFA Europa League squad of the season in his second. He agreed to join Liverpool in 2017, and completed the move a year later, winning the UEFA Champions League in his first season at the club, and the FIFA Club World Cup and Premier League the following season.

Keïta made his senior international debut for Guinea in 2012. He has earned over 50 caps and was part of their squad at the Africa Cup of Nations in 2015, 2019 and 2021.

Early life
Naby Laye Keïta was born on 10 February 1995 in Conakry.

Club career

Istres
Keïta joined hometown club Horoya AC aged nine. He moved to France in 2012, joining the youth team of FC Istres after unsuccessful trials at FC Lorient and Le Mans FC.

In 2013, he was promoted to the first team of Istres. He made his Ligue 2 debut on 22 November 2013 against Nîmes Olympique. He scored 11 goals in 23 games in his first season as a professional,  while his team were relegated to the Championnat National.

Red Bull Salzburg

In 2014, he joined Austrian top division side Red Bull Salzburg. He made his league debut on 26 July 2014 against Wiener Neustadt. Keïta ended the season with five goals and two assists in 30 games, winning the league and cup double. The following season, he was selected as the Austrian Bundesliga Player of the Year.

RB Leipzig
In June 2016, Keïta moved to Red Bull Salzburg sister-club RB Leipzig, who had just been promoted to the German Bundesliga. He scored the winner on his league debut against Borussia Dortmund and scored seven more goals in his debut Bundesliga season. He was named in the league's team of the season.

Keïta was named in the squad of the season for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, in which his team were quarter-finalists.

Liverpool

2017–18 season
On 28 August 2017, a deal was struck for Keïta to join Liverpool on 1 July 2018 after the English club triggered his £48 million release clause in addition to paying an undisclosed premium. It was then reported that there would be no premium (£48 million total) if Leipzig did not qualify for European football, £4.75 million (£52.75 million total) if they qualified for the Europa League and £11 million (£59 million total) if they finished in the Champions League spots. Leipzig ultimately finished 6th in the Bundesliga, therefore qualifying for the Europa League.

2018–19 season
Upon joining Liverpool, he was handed the number 8 shirt by Liverpool legend, Steven Gerrard, which had been vacated upon the departure of Gerrard to LA Galaxy in 2015. Keïta made his debut for Liverpool against West Ham United on 12 August 2018 and played a part in the opening goal for Mohamed Salah in a 4–0 win.

On 5 April 2019, Keïta scored his first goal for Liverpool in a 3–1 win against Southampton, and added a first European goal four days later against FC Porto in the UEFA Champions League quarter-final first leg. He was injured in May 2019, ruling him out for the rest of the season. Although Keïta was injured, he won his first Liverpool title while out of the matchday squad as his team mates secured the win in the Champions League final against Tottenham Hotspur in early June.

2019–20 season

Hampered by injury, Keïta was a fringe player during the early part of the subsequent season. On 7 December, he provided a goal and assist in a 3–0 win away against AFC Bournemouth, a game which marked his first league start of the season. On 10 December, he provided Liverpool's first goal in a 2–0 Champions League win against his former club, Salzburg, which saw the reigning European champions progress to the knockout stages as the victors of Group E.

On 18 December, he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 win over Mexican club Monterrey as Liverpool progressed to the Club World Cup final; three days later, on 21 December, he started in the final against Flamengo, playing 100 minutes until being substituted as Liverpool won 1–0 to be crowned world club champions. On 2 January 2020, he was named in the starting line-up against Sheffield United, but was withdrawn after sustaining a groin injury during the warm-up, being replaced by James Milner. At the end of the season, Keïta won the Premier League title with Liverpool.

2022–23 season
On 17 May 2023, Liverpool announced that Keita would be leaving the club once his contract expired in the summer. Injuries meant he started only 49 Premier League games during his time with the club.

Werder Bremen
On 9 June 2023, Bundesliga club Werder Bremen announced that Keita would join the club as a free agent.

International career
On 14 December 2012, Keïta made his international debut for the Guinea national team against Sierra Leone in a 2014 African Nations Championship qualification match. He scored the opener for his side in a 1–1 away draw.

Keïta was included in Michel Dussuyer's 23-man squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea. In the opening match against the Ivory Coast, he was struck in the face by Gervinho, who was red carded for it.

On 12 November 2015, Keïta scored his first international goal in three years, in a 1–0 away win against Namibia in the first leg of the second round of 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. Three days later in the return leg – in Morocco due to the Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea – he scored again in a 2–0 win.

Manager Paul Put chose Keïta for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt, where he was affected by injuries. In January 2022, Keïta helped Guinea qualify for the round of 16 of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations in Cameroon. His performances saw him earn a place in the tournament's best eleven of the group stage. However, Guinea were eliminated after a loss to Gambia, a match Keïta could not play due to yellow cards accumulation.

Style of play
While writing for The Guardian, Nick Ames and Nick Miller described Keïta as "a dynamic, box-to-box central midfielder," likening him to N'Golo Kanté. They also noted, however, that he is able to distribute the ball with range and accuracy, and score goals, which has instead frequently led him to be compared to Brazilian-Portuguese former playmaker Deco. David Usher of ESPN has described Keïta as an energetic midfielder, with good defensive qualities, which also allows him to play in a holding role if necessary. Usher went on to note that Keïta is "quick, skillful, creative and direct. He can dribble, pass and shoot, and he frequently makes the spectacular look routine". Ralf Rangnick attributes him having a natural 360° radar.

Personal life
Keïta has a younger brother, Petit Keïta, who was previously on the books with German side Inter Leipzig. In October 2018, it was reported that he had been training at Liverpool's Academy, although he was not offered a contract.

In 2017, Keïta was charged with uttering false documents. The German newspaper Bild reported that, in early December 2016 and again six weeks later, he had presented two fake Guinean driving licences in order to obtain a driving licence in Germany. The district court in Leipzig (Amtsgericht Leipzig) fined him €415,000, basing the sentence on Keïta's estimated annual income of around €3 million. Keïta's lawyer filed an appeal. The appeals court reduced the fine to €250,000.

In September 2021, Keïta, his Guinean teammates and their opponents from Morocco were stranded during the 2021 Guinean coup d'état. All returned home safely.

Career statistics

Club

International

Guinea score listed first, score column indicates score after each Keïta goal.

Honours

Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2014–15, 2015–16
Austrian Cup: 2014–15, 2015–16

Liverpool
Premier League: 2019–20
FA Cup: 2021–22
EFL Cup: 2021–22
FA Community Shield: 2022
UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2021–22
UEFA Super Cup: 2019
FIFA Club World Cup: 2019

Individual
Footballer of the Year in Guinea: 2015, 2021
Austrian Football Bundesliga Player of the Year: 2015–16
Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2016–17
UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017–18
CAF Team of the Year: 2018

References

External links

 Naby Keïta at the SV Werder Bremen website

 Naby Keïta at the Bundesliga website

1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Conakry
Guinean men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Horoya AC players
FC Istres players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
RB Leipzig players
Liverpool F.C. players
SV Werder Bremen players
Ligue 2 players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Bundesliga players
Premier League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Guinea men's international footballers
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Guinean expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Guinean expatriate sportspeople in France
Guinean expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Guinean expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Guinean expatriate sportspeople in England


title: Paulina Pfiffner

text:
Paulina Pfiffner (1825 – 29 September 1853), was a Hungarian freedom fighter in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

She was the daughter of an Italian immigrant. In 1840, she ran away from home to become an actor in Budapest. In 1848, she enlisted in the Hungarian forces dressed as a man under the name Ligeti Kalman. She was promoted to officer after having distinguished herself by her bravery during the Battle of Piski.

Notes

19th-century Hungarian women
1825 births
1853 deaths
Female wartime cross-dressers
Women in 19th-century warfare
Hungarian female military personnel
People of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Women in European warfare


title: Behat (software)

text:
Behat is a test framework for behavior-driven development written in the PHP programming language. Behat was created by Konstantin Kudryashov and its development is hosted on GitHub.

Purpose
Behat is intended to aid communication between developers, clients and other stakeholders during a software development process. It allows the clear documentation of testable examples of the software's intended behaviour. Behat test scenarios are written with Gherkin, a business-readable domain-specific language following defined patterns.

Benefits
Tests can be run at any point new code is introduced into a codebase to confirm no regressions within the existing test coverage are introduced. It can be integrated with Selenium and other browser emulators to generate screenshots of failures. Like other BDD frameworks, Behat scenarios are a series of Given, When, and Then steps that explain a business case. The definition of these steps exist within method annotations of a class that extends the BehatContext.

Examples
The preconditions after "Given" correspond to the PHP method name to execute:

Feature: Function to test description

    Free text

    Scenario: Scenario 1
        Given preconditions
        When actions
        Then results

    Scenario: Scenario 2
        ...

References

External links

Free software programmed in PHP
PHP
Software using the MIT license
Free software testing tools


title: 2014 Svijany Open

text:
The 2014 Svijany Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Liberec, Czech Republic between 28 July and 3 August 2014.

ATP entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of July 21, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Steve Darcis
  Roman Jebavý
  Václav Šafránek
  Robin Stanek

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Marek Michalička
  Gianni Mina
  Thiago Monteiro
  Artem Smirnov

Champions

Singles

 Andrej Martin def.  Horacio Zeballos 1–6, 6–1, 6–4

Doubles

 Roman Jebavý /  Jaroslav Pospíšil def.  Ruben Gonzales /  Sean Thornley 6–4, 6–3

External links
ITF Search
ATP official site

Svijany Open
Svijany Open
Sport in Liberec
Svijany Open
Svijany Open


title: Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya

text:
Goopi Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya is an Indian animated film directed by Shilpa Ranade. It is based on the characters Goopy and Bagha created by Satyajit Ray's grandfather Upendra Kishore Roychowdhury. The film is inspired from Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne, the first film from Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne trilogy. The film was released on 1 March 2019 in India.

Premise
Two blundering yet lovable musician protagonists meet ghosts, obtain boons, avert wars, marry princesses and help the common people live happily ever after.

Cast
 Manish Bhawan as Bagha
 Rajeev Raj as Goopi
 Shailendra Pande as Ghost King
 Shahanawaz Pradhan
 Vishal Kumar as Ladoo
 Aditya Sharma

Release
The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2013. The film was also screened at 11th Mumbai International Film Festival on 17 October the same year. It was released theatrically in India on 1 March 2019.

Awards and nominations

See also
 Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (film series)
 List of indian animated feature films

References

External links

2010s Hindi-language films
2013 films
Indian animated fantasy films
Indian children's films
Films based on short fiction
Films set in Asia
Indian fantasy adventure films


title: Verdicenan Kadın

text:
Verdicenan Kadın (; "Heart's decision" or "Heart's jury";  18259 December 1889) was a consort of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life
Verdicenan Kadın was born in 1825 in Sukhum. Her original name was Saliha Achba. She was a member of the Abkhazian princely family, Achba. Her father was Prince Kaytuk Giorgi Bey Achba (1793–1848), and her mother was Princess Yelizaveta Hanım (1795–1843). She had four elder siblings, two brothers, Prince Ahmet Bey, and Prince Islam Musa Bey, and two sisters, Princess Peremrüz Hanım and Princess Embruvaz Hanım, and a younger brother, Prince Mehmed Bey.

Kadın was brought to Istanbul as a young child, where her father entrusted her and her sisters to the care of Bezmiâlem Sultan, the mother of Sultan Abdulmejid I. Here her name was changed to Verdicenan in accordance with the custom of the Ottoman court.

Marriage
Verdicenan married Abdulmejid in 1844. She was given the title of "Sixth Kadın". On 9 December 1844, she gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Münire Sultan in the Topkapı Palace. In 1845, she was elevated to "Fifth Kadın". On 16 July 1848, she gave birth to Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin, in the Old Çırağan Palace. In 1851, she was elevated to "Fourth Kadın", and in 1852, to "Third Kadın". Verdicenan was known for her luxurious lifestyle and sense of style. She wore only clothes imported from Europe and luxurious jewelry; she never went out unless she was accompanied by at least ten ladies-in-waiting. Among these, there was her niece Leyla Achba, also known as Gülefşan Hanim, who became a well-known poet and writer, and Ayşe Zatimelek Hanım, who would become the fifth consort of one of Abdülmecid I's sons, Şehzade Selim Süleyman.

Widowhood
After Abdulmejid's death in 1861, she moved to Feriye Palace. Having lost her only daughter, Münire Sultan, in 1862, she was entrusted with Mediha Sultan, after her own mother Gülistü Kadın died in 1861. The relationship between the two of them was like mother and daughter. She kept Mediha under close surveillance, and always helped her whenever she had problems. In 1879, she played a major role in Mediha's marriage to Samipashazade Necip Bey, interceding with the sultan to allow Mediha to marry the man she loved rather than one chosen for her.

Death
Verdicenan Kadın died on 9 December 1889 in the Feriye Palace at the age of sixty-four, and was buried in the mausoleum of the imperial ladies at the Yeni Mosque, Istanbul.

Issue

In literature
Verdicenan is a character in Hıfzı Topuz's historical novel Abdülmecit: İmparatorluk Çökerken Sarayda 22 Yıl: Roman (2009).

See also
Kadın (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1825 births
1889 deaths
People from the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent
People from Sukhumi
19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
Consorts of Abdulmejid I


title: Nükhetsezâ Hanım

text:
Hatice Nükhetseza Hanım (; "rich parfume"; 2 January 1827 – 15 May 1850) was a consort of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.

Life
Nükhetsezâ Hanım was born on 2 January 1827. She was the daughter of the Abkhazian nobleman Baras Hatuğ Bey and his wife, the Georgian Ferhune Hanim, and her real name was Hatice. She grew up at court under the tutelage of Bezmiâlem Sultan, mother of Abdülmecid I, where she take the name of Nükhetseza. She was an excellent singer and a good painter and player of piano. She married Abdulmejid on 21 October 1841, that he had fallen in love with her after hearing her sing, and was given the title of "Second Ikbal". In 1842 she give birth her first child, a daughter, Aliye Sultan, who died in the same year. In 1845, was given the title of "BaşIkbal" (First Ikbal). A year after the marriage, on 5 June 1846, she gave birth to her second child, a son, Şehzade Ahmed, in the Old Çırağan Palace. The prince died the next day on 6 June 1846. In June 1846, the French Ambassador, François-Adolphe de Bourqueney, noted that, Abdulmejid, who had been away on his trip to Rumelia was interrupted suddenly, and had to return urgently to console his favorite who just had an "unhappy childbirth".

A year later, on 27 November 1847, she gave birth to her third child, a daughter, Fatma Nazime Sultan in the Old Beylerbeyi Palace. The princess died five days later on 1 December 1847. A year later, on 23 May 1849, she gave birth to her fourth and last child, a son, Şehzade Mehmed Burhaneddin in the Old Beylerbeyi Palace. Burhaneddin was her only child to survive.

Death
Nükhetsezâ died on 15 May 1850 of tuberculosis, and was buried in the mausoleum of the imperial ladies at the Yeni Mosque, Istanbul. After her death, her son Mehmed was adopted by Neverser Hanim, another consort of Abdülmejid who had no children.

Issue

In literature
Nükhetsezâ is a character in Hıfzı Topuz's historical novel Abdülmecit: İmparatorluk Çökerken Sarayda 22 Yıl: Roman (2009).

See also
Ikbal (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1827 births
1850 deaths
19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
Consorts of Abdulmejid I
Georgians from the Ottoman Empire


title: Seniha Sultan

text:
Seniha Sultan (; "Pearl"; 5 December 1851 – 15 September 1931) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Nalandil Hanım. She was the half-sister of Sultans Murad V, Abdul Hamid II, Mehmed V, and Mehmed VI.

Early life
Seniha Sultan was born on 5 December 1851 in the Çırağan Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdulmejid I and her mother was Nalandil Hanım. She was the eldest child of her mother. She had a younger brother Şehzade Mehmed Abdüssamed, one year younger than her  and a younger sister Şehime Sultan three years younger than her. Both her siblings died in infancy. Her father died when Seniha was ten age and her mother when she was fourteen.

Marriage
In 1876, her half-brother Sultan Abdul Hamid II betrothed her to Asaf Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, a man who was two years her junior and who had a promising future, and the son of Grand Admiral Damat Gürcü Halil Rifat Pasha. Her dowry was prepared with her half-sisters Behice Sultan, Mediha Sultan and Naile Sultan. The marriage contract was concluded on 5 December 1876 at the Yıldız Palace. However, the wedding was delayed because of the death of her elder sister Behice Sultan, sick with tuberculosis since childhood and to which Seniha had been very close, constantly writing her affectionate letters. The wedding finally took place on 10 February 1877. In 1879, she gave birth to her first son Sultanzade Sabahaddin Bey, and a year later to her second son Sultanzade Ahmed Lütfullâh Bey.

Among Seniha's ladies-in-waiting was Resan Hanım, who would later become one of the consorts of her half-brother Murad V. Her other two ladies, Dilaviz Hanim and Zeliha Vasfıcihan Hanım, married Murad's son Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin instead.

Seniha hadn't been on good terms with Abdul Hamid for unknown reasons, and so in 1878, she and her husband, and her siblings including her brothers Prince Ahmed Kemaleddin, and Prince Selim Suleiman, and sister Princess Fatma, were all involved in the Ali Suavi incident with the objective of restoring Murad to the throne. In October 1898, she met with the German Empress Augusta Victoria in the harem of the Yıldız Palace, when the latter visited Istanbul for a second time with her husband Emperor Wilhelm  In her memoir, Ayşe Sultan, daughter of Abdülhamid II, remembered: "Familiar as he was with his sisters' (Seniha Sultan and Mediha Sultan) habit of chattering away rapidly and guffawing, Abdülhamid II had counseled and beseeched them to behave in a dignified fashion, but nonetheless the sisters fell back on their old habits. Baba ("dad", the Sultan Abdülhamid II) felt compelled to tell the Empress, "Please forgive my sisters, they're a bit nervous."".

Seniha Sultan's husband was very critical of her brother Abdul Hamid's governance, never missing an occasion to speak out. Eventually he had had enough of being followed and spied on, so in 1899, he took both of his sons fled to Europe, where four years later he died in Belgium and was buried in Paris. Her sons were able to return to Istanbul only in 1908, after the declaration of the second constitution. For this reason she was not particularly welcome at the palace.

Exile and death
At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Seniha was the oldest living Ottoman princess, age seventy-three. She had no money of her own, and her sons were too busy with their affairs to care of her, so she went to exile alone. Her half-brother, the deposed Sultan Mehmed, who went to live in San Remo gave her refuge in his home, the Villa Magnolia, where she lived until his death in 1926. After Mehmed's death, she didn't have enough money on her own to rent a house, and so slept in the public gardens of Cimiez, Nice. Somehow her younger son Lütfullah figured out about his mothers way of living, he came to Nice, and took his mother to Abdulmejid II's Villa, who gave her a room in the attic. Where she lived in a miserable way.

Seniha Sultan died at the Villa Carabacel on 15 September 1931 at age seventy-nine in Nice, France the last surviving child of Abdulmejid, and was buried in the cemetery of the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya in Damascus.

Her burial was very difficult. In Nice at the time there were no Muslim cemeteries, so she must be buried in a Muslim country, but that was an expensive undertaking and her family had no money, not even to pay the rent of a place in the morgue for a long time, where her body, embalmed at the cheapest rate, had been placed in waiting for a solution.

However, her family, especially Abdülmecid II, absolutely did not want to bury her in a mass grave. So he instructed his son, Ömer Faruk Efendi, and Şehzade Osman Fuad Efendi, a descendant of Murad V, to request the money for the burial from Jefferson Cohn & Ranz, the company that had been officially appointed to reclaim the properties of the Ottoman family on their behalf. The negotiation was long and difficult, but when the princes threatened to dissolve the contract they managed to get the money.

The body of Seniha Sultan followed the same route as that of her brother Sultan Mehmed VI Vahideddin: to Beirut by boat, then from there to Syria, where she was buried.

Personality
Seniha was described as a strong and free woman who was political minded, and in many ways a woman ahead of her time. She was judged to be beautiful and regal in appearance, but she was not particularly welcome at court because of her cheeky and undignified attitudes. She wore her hair short and refused to let it grow and had a deep voice. She always spoke quickly and directly.

She used to wear dresses of the most superb cloth, with her tiara on her head on formal occasions, and she also wore gowns with long trains in the European fashion spreading out behind her. In manner, she was entirely unconstrained. Often, as did her half-sister Mediha Sultan, she would burst into laughter, and she spoke rapidly and in a deep voice. When these two sisters were together chatting with their brother Abdul Hamid, they would both laugh and try to amuse him and get him to smile as though they were in competition with one another.

Seniha Sultan is known to have had performers of religious music at her palace.

According to Neslişah Sultan and Sabiha Sultan, during the exile she always dressed in black, she was thin, in fact really skinny, and had a dry skin, her niece Sabiha Sultan was really upset and sad that her aunt lives in a miserable way, whenever she visited her she kissed her hand and showed her huge respect.

Honours

 Order of the House of Osman
 Order of the Medjidie, Jeweled
 Order of Charity,  1st Class
 Liakat Medal in Gold

Issue

In popular culture
In the 2017 TV series Payitaht: Abdülhamid, Seniha Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Selen Öztürk.

See also
 List of Ottoman princesses

Ancestry

References

Sources

1852 births
1931 deaths
19th-century Ottoman princesses
20th-century Ottoman princesses


title: Bradyrhizobium lablabi

text:
Bradyrhizobium lablabi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium. which was isolated from Lablab purpureus in the Anhui province in China.

References

Nitrobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 2011


title: Rumeysa Aredba

text:
Rumeysa Hayrıdil Aredba (born Princess Hatice Aredba;  1873 -  1927) was an Abkhazian princess. She was a lady-in-waiting to Nazikeda Kadın, wife of Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. She is known for writing memoirs, which give details of the exile, and personality of Sultan Mehmed at San Remo.

Life
Rumeysa Hanim was born as Hatice in 1873 in Abkhazia. She was a member of the Abkazian princely family, Aredba. Her father was Prince Halil Bey Aredba. She had an elder sister Amine Seten who was renamed Nazikeda, and married to Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, and a younger sister, Pakize Hanım, married to Esad Bey, a Hungarian.

In 1876, she had been brought to Istanbul as a young child, where she was entrusted to the imperial harem. She was then sent to Cemile Sultan's palace in Kandilli, where her name according to the custom of the Ottoman court was changed to Rumeysa Hayrıdil Hanim. After her cousin Emine who had been renamed Nazikeda, married Şehzade Vahideddin (future Sultan Mehmed VI) in 1885, she became senior lady-in-waiting to her.

She spent most of her life with the family of Sultan Mehmed. At the exile of the imperial family in 1924, she accompanied them to San Remo. During the exile she wrote memoirs which give details of the exile, and personality of Sultan Mehmed, by the name of Sultan Vahdeddinin San Remo Günleri. After Mehmed's death in 1926, she returned to Istanbul, where she died of cancer in 1927.

See also
Leyla Achba
Şahinde Hanım

References

Sources

1870s births
1929 deaths
20th-century women writers from the Ottoman Empire
People from the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent
Ladies-in-waiting of the Ottoman Empire
19th-century women from the Ottoman Empire
20th-century memoirists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire


title: James W. Robison

text:
James W. Robison (March 19, 1831 – July 2, 1909), born James W. Robertson, was a Scottish American farmer, horticulturist, politician, and horse breeder. After his family immigrated to the United States shortly after his birth, Robison attended public school and then studied at Illinois College. He became a wealthy farmer, particularly noted for his large orchards. He served two terms in the Illinois Senate in the 1870s. In 1879, he visited Kansas and established a farm in Butler County. The estate eventually amassed  and featured one of the largest Percheron ranches in the nation. Robison was elected to the Kansas Senate in 1897.

Biography
James W. Robison was born near Banff, Scotland, on March 19, 1831, shortly before his family immigrated to the United States. He was the son of railroad contractor James Robertson, who worked on the Pontiac and Detroit Railway in Michigan and other lines in Illinois and Pennsylvania. In payment for his Illinois services, James Robertson was given a large plot of land in Tazewell County in 1835. He moved the family there to establish a farm. A clerical error gave these lands to "James Robison", so the family adopted the new spelling of the name.

James W. attended public school in Tremont, Illinois, then matriculated at Illinois College in Jacksonville. For the next thirty years, Robison managed a farm. He fruit orchards were so successful that he was nicknamed "Apple Robison". In 1874, he was elected to the Illinois Senate as a Republican and served two two-year terms.

Robison visited Kansas in 1879 and purchased a  tract of land in Butler County along the Whitewater River. He moved his family to Eldorado, Kansas, in 1884. He established his farm, Whitewater Falls, four miles north of Towanda. Robison was the first to grow alfalfa in the state and farmed large amounts of wheat. With no more orchards, locals aware of his previous nickname decided to instead call him "Wheat Robison". With his sons, he purchased an additional  for his estate. He began to breed horses in 1884, focusing on Percherons. By 1911, the Whitewater Falls Stock Farm was the largest Percheron farm in the United States. Robison moved to Eldorado in 1888. In 1897, he was elected to the Kansas Senate.

James W. Robison married Sarah A. Woodrow on March 27, 1860. They had nine children: Leslie W., James C., Frank L., Fred G., Elmer C., Edgar D., and three boys that died in infancy. Robison was a charter member of the Illinois State Horticultural Society, serving on its board of executives with one term as president. In 1901 he was elected to the Kansas railway commission, serving two years as its chairman of the board. He was a member of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, served two terms as its president, and was its director at the time of his death. He co-founded the Kansas State Cattle Shippers' Association and served as its president. Robison was a co-founder of the Eldorado State Bank and served on the board of the Farmers' National Bank of Pekin, Illinois. Robison died from apoplexy in Eldorado on July 2, 1909, and was buried in Belle Vista Cemetery.

References

1831 births
1909 deaths
People from Banff, Aberdeenshire
British emigrants to the United States
Republican Party Illinois state senators
Republican Party Kansas state senators
American racehorse owners and breeders
Businesspeople in agriculture
People from El Dorado, Kansas
Illinois College alumni
People from Tazewell County, Illinois
19th-century American politicians


title: Braunjura Group

text:
The Braunjura Group is a geologic group in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Jurassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France

References

Jurassic France


title: Hedypathes betulinus

text:
Hedypathes betulinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug in 1825.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1825


title: Mammillaria deherdtiana

text:
Mammillaria deherdtiana is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae. It is native to South-western Mexico, in particular to Oaxaca, in a region between Nejaba, Juquila, Mixes.

References

Plants described in 1969
deherdtiana


title: Hedypathes curvatocostatus

text:
Hedypathes curvatocostatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1923.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1923


title: Hedypathes monachus

text:
Hedypathes monachus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1848.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1848


title: Lievin Group

text:
The Lievin Group is a geologic group in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France

References

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic formations of France
Devonian France


title: Troaon Group

text:
The Troaon Group is a geologic group in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France

References

Geologic groups of Europe
Geologic formations of France
Devonian France


title: Irundisaua balteata

text:
Irundisaua balteata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1972.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1972


title: Irundisaua forsteri

text:
Irundisaua forsteri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1960.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1960


title: 6th General Assembly of Newfoundland

text:
The members of the 6th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in May 1855. The general assembly sat from 1855 to 1859.

This was the first election held after responsible government was granted to the colony. The Liberal Party led by Philip Francis Little won the election and Little became Newfoundland's first premier. After Little resigned as leader in 1858, John Kent served as premier.

Ambrose Shea was chosen as speaker.

Sir Charles Henry Darling served as colonial governor of Newfoundland until February 1857, when he was named governor of Jamaica. Later that year, Darling was succeeded by Sir Alexander Bannerman,

Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1855:

Notes:

By-elections
By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons:

Notes:

References

Newfoundland
006
1855 establishments in the British Empire


title: Irundisaua heloisae

text:
Irundisaua heloisae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Julio in 2003.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Irundisaua lewisi

text:
Irundisaua lewisi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Audureau in 2009.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2009


title: Mammillaria discolor

text:
Mammillaria discolor is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae.

References

Plants described in 1812
discolor


title: Irundisaua moacyri

text:
Irundisaua moacyri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Julio in 2003.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Irundisaua ocularis

text:
Irundisaua ocularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2005.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2005


title: Irundisaua punctata

text:
Irundisaua punctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2007.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2007


title: Irundisaua ucayalensis

text:
Irundisaua ucayalensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Tippmann in 1960.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1960


title: Mara Naceva

text:
Mara Naceva (; 28 September 1920 – 1 July 2013) was a Macedonian communist and partisan. She was awarded the Order of the People's Hero on 29 November 1953. She was the last surviving Macedonian recipient of this medal.

Biography
Naceva was born on September 28, 1920, in Kumanovo. She finished primary school in her hometown. At the age of 15 she became a textile worker. In 1936, she led a strike at her factory, for which she was fired. She became a member of the Young Communist League of Yugoslavia.

In 1939 she left for Niš and became a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. A year later, Naceva became a member of the Local Committee and the District Committee of the CPY of Niš, and was arrested twice. She participated during the fifth ground conference of the CPY in Zagreb as a delegate from Serbia.

After the occupation of Yugoslavia, Naceva was a member of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia. In the summer of 1942, she was arrested by Bulgarian police and was sent to a camp for women near Asenovgrad. Fellow party member Strašo Pindžur tried to find ways to release his friend Mara Naceva from prison.

In March 1943, she was elected organizational secretary of the Communist Party of Macedonia in absentia. Naceva also became a delegate of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia.

After her return from the camp, Naceva participated in the Partisan activity near Kumanovo. She became a member of the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia during its first session.

After the Second World War, Naceva was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. She also became the vice-president of the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia.

Naceva was ordained with the Order of National Liberation and the Order of the People's Hero.

She died in Kumanovo on 1 July 2013, where she is buried.

References

Yugoslav communists
Women in World War II
People from Kumanovo
1920 births
2013 deaths
Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero


title: Macronemus analis

text:
Macronemus analis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1866


title: Cochemiea boolii

text:
Cochemiea boolii is a species of cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae with pink-petaled flowers. It also has a natural defense system of thorns protecting the green base of the plant.  Cochemiea boolii is native to the area around Phoenix, Arizona, found near mostly rocky soils, coastal mountains, and in thin forests and often seen with Echinocereus scopulorum, Echinocereus engelmannii, Mammillaria swinglei, and Ferocactus emoryi. Mammillaria boolii is  considered "near threatened" by IUCN and is under threat by urban development.

References

Plants described in 1953
boolii


title: Macronemus antennator

text:
Macronemus antennator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1801.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1801


title: Macronemus asperulus

text:
Macronemus asperulus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1855


title: Hardie Ratcliffe

text:
John Hardie Ratcliffe (2 January 1906 – 26 May 1975) was an English musician, and General Secretary of the United Kingdom Musicians' Union from 1948.

Ratcliffe was born in 1906 in Liverpool, and named after Keir Hardie. In childhood, he played saxophone and flute, and by the age of 17, when he joined the union, was already performing theatre orchestras in various towns and cities. He established several branches of the union, and eventually gave up playing music, to devote all his energies to its administration, accepting a post as a full-time official in 1937. Although he gave notice of resignation in August 1962, during a dispute over internal policy matters, he was persuaded to withdraw it, and continued as General Secretary until his eventual retirement in 1971.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 9 November 1964, and died in 1975 in London.

References

1906 births
1975 deaths
Musicians from Liverpool
General Secretaries of the Musicians' Union (UK)
Trade unionists from Liverpool


title: Macronemus filicornis

text:
Macronemus filicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1860.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1860


title: Macronemus rufescens

text:
Macronemus rufescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1862.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1862


title: Macronemus verrucosus

text:
Macronemus verrucosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1866


title: Tafer

text:
Tafer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akim Tafer (born 1967), also Hakim Tafer, French boxer of Algerian descent
Aziz Tafer (born 1984), French-Algerian football player
Yannis Tafer (born 1991), French football player

See also
Tafers, municipality in the district of Sense in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland


title: Macropophora accentifer

text:
Macropophora accentifer is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1795


title: La bellissima estate

text:
The Beautiful Summer  () is a 1974 Italian melodrama film directed by Sergio Martino. It stars Alessandro Cocco, Senta Berger and John Richardson.

The film is part of the genre of melodramatic films known as "lacrima movies" or "tearjerker movies". It has been best remembered for the soundtrack piece "Il barone rosso" by Luciano Michelini, which would eventually become the theme song of the comedy show, Curb Your Enthusiasm. It was originally released in the United States as Summer to Remember, with other titles such as Smile of Love and Never Ending Love.

Cast

 Alessandro Cocco as Gianluca Bennati
 Senta Berger as Emanuela Bennati
 John Richardson as Vittorio Bennati
 Lino Toffolo as "The Red Baron"
 Caterina Boratto as The princess
 Mario Erpichini as Giorgio Savona
 Renzo Marignano as Pietro, the driver
 Duilio Cruciani as Marco
 Brizio Montinaro as The Teacher
 Sabina Gaddi as Olga
 Gildo di Marco as Giuseppe
 Carla Mancini
 Bernardo Toccaceli
 Lorenzo Piani

Release
The Beautiful Summer was originally released in Italy on December 6, 1974 where it was distributed by Titanus.

In Japan, the film was released on September 27, 1975, and was retitled Smile of Love; it was released by Toho-Towa. Through 1978, the film was released in other countries, and on June 13, the film was released in the United States, and other countries, and was given the title Summer to Remember.

See also

 List of Italian films of 1974

References

External links

1974 films
1974 drama films
1970s Italian-language films
Italian drama films
1970s Italian films


title: Macropophora lacordairei

text:
Macropophora lacordairei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lepesme in 1946.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1946


title: Macropophora trochlearis

text:
Macropophora trochlearis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The species fly from June to August throughout South America.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


title: Macropophora worontzowi

text:
Macropophora worontzowi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1938.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1938


title: Alcimar Leitão Airport

text:
Alcimar Leitão Airport, formerly , was the airport that served Feijó, Brazil until 2008, when the newer Feijó Airport was opened. The airport was later closed and became an urbanized area.

Accidents and incidents
20 October 1968: a Cruzeiro do Sul Douglas C-47 A-25-DK registration PP-SAD had an engine failure and crashed after take-off and while trying to return to Feijó. All 19 passengers and crew died.

Access
The airport was located  from downtown Feijó.

References

External links

Defunct airports in Brazil
Airports disestablished in 2008


title: Meridiotroctes bicristata

text:
Meridiotroctes bicristata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vanessa S. Machado and Marcela L. Monné in 2009.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2009


title: Meridiotroctes meridionale

text:
Meridiotroctes meridionale is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2007.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2007


title: Meridiotroctes truncata

text:
Meridiotroctes truncata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2011.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Myoxinus asper

text:
Myoxinus asper is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1880.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1880


title: Myoxinus pictus

text:
Myoxinus pictus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1847.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1847


title: Myoxomorpha alvarengorum

text:
Myoxomorpha alvarengorum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Magno in 1990.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1990


title: Myoxomorpha funesta

text:
Myoxomorpha funesta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1848.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1848


title: Myoxomorpha seabrai

text:
Myoxomorpha seabrai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Marinoni and Dalossi in 1971.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1971


title: Myoxomorpha vidua

text:
Myoxomorpha vidua is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lacordaire in 1872.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1872


title: Vilma Beck

text:
Vilma Beck (1810-1851), was a Hungarian writer and freedom fighter in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

Beck was active as a spy and agent in service of the Hungarian freedom fighters during the Revolution of 1848-49. She also reportedly sold information to the Austrians. She left Hungary after the defeat and moved to Great Britain. She died in prison custody after having been arrested for blackmail.

Notes

19th-century Hungarian women
1810 births
1851 deaths
19th-century spies
Women in 19th-century warfare
Hungarian female military personnel
People of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
Women in European warfare


title: Gymnastics at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's artistic individual all-around

text:
The men's artistic individual all-around competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 1 and 3 October 2002 at the Sajik Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

Results
Legend
DNS — Did not start

Qualification

Final

References

2002 Asian Games Report, Pages 428–434
 Results

External links
 Official website

Artistic Men Individual


title: Vincent average

text:
In applied statistics, Vincentization was described by Ratcliff (1979), and is named after biologist S. B. Vincent (1912), who used something very similar to it for constructing learning curves at the beginning of the 1900s. It basically consists of averaging  subjects' estimated or elicited quantile functions in order to define group quantiles from which  can be constructed.

To cast it in its greatest generality, let  represent arbitrary (empirical or theoretical) distribution functions and define their corresponding quantile functions by

The Vincent average of the 's is then computed as

where the non-negative numbers  have a sum of .

References

Applied statistics


title: Necalphus asellus

text:
Necalphus asellus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1866.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1866


title: Necalphus decoratus

text:
Necalphus decoratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné and Magno in 1992.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1992


title: Daring (keelboat)

text:
The Daring is a One-Design keelboat which is based in Cowes on the Isle of Wight and races throughout the season around the Solent. Its construction is GRP, with some older yachts possessing original wooden decks.

The first Darings were designed by Arthur Robb, based on his 5.5 Metre yacht Vision which was built for and won silver in the 1956 Olympics. 35 yachts of the class were built in the years up to 1992. In 2008 a new hull mould was commissioned to match the original lines but with a redesigned ergonomic deck and cockpit. One new yacht was built and several more obtained new hulls while keeping the original name, number, rigging and keel.

To date all Darings are based in Cowes apart from three (8, Day Dreamer; 18, Deva; 20, Afroessa) sold to owners in Beirut, Cumbria and Majorca respectively. Most Darings' names begin with "D".

The season runs for approximately 80 races from April through to October, with highlights including Cowes Classics Week and Cowes Week in June and August. The Daring Class Association manages the class rules carefully to ensure affordability, uniformity and close racing. The class is not often raced against other designs of yachts, as the class racing is usually competitive and well attended, however occasionally pursuit races are competed with other classes of yacht in the Solent.

The Class Association has a number of strong affiliations, including with the International One Design fleet. This provides for the winner of Cowes Week each year to compete at Bermuda International Invitational Race Week in IODs. Further the class has links with foreign yacht clubs which will annually compete a team racing challenge in home or foreign waters. Competitors in the past have included the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club, the Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club in Perth, Western Australia and the Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club on Long Island, USA.

References

External links

Keelboats
Sport on the Isle of Wight
Cowes


title: 2014–15 Kategoria e Parë

text:
The 2014–15 Kategoria e Parë is being competed between 20 teams in 2 groups, A and B, respectively.

Changes from last season

Team changes

From Kategoria e Parë
Promoted to Kategoria Superiore:
 Elbasani
 Apolonia

Relegated to Kategoria e Dytë:
 Albpetrol
 Himara

To Kategoria e Parë
Relegated from Kategoria Superiore:
 Bylis
 Lushnja
 Kastrioti
 Besa

Promoted from Kategoria e Dytë:
 Iliria
 Besëlidhja
 Sopoti
 Naftëtari

Stadia by capacity and locations

Group A

Group B

League table

Group A

Group B

Final

Relegation play-offs
Besa Kavajë as the 9th–placed Group A side faced the 2nd–placed 2014–15 Kategoria e Dytë Group A side at the Niko Dovana Stadium in Durrës. Tomori Berat as the 9th–placed Group B side faced the 2nd–placed 2014–15 Kategoria e Dytë Group B side at the Qemal Stafa Stadium in Tiranë.

Season statistics

Scoring

Top scorers

Foreign players

References

2014-15
2
2014–15 in European second tier association football leagues


title: River Morar

text:
The River Morar is a river that flows from Loch Morar in the west Highlands of Scotland. It flows from the western end of the loch to the estuary of Morar Bay, an inlet of the Sound of Sleat. It is one of Scotland's shortest rivers, and is known for its white sands beaches where it flows through Morar Bay.

The river is crossed by three bridges, and is the site of a hydro-electric power station, built as part of the first constructional scheme promoted by the newly-formed North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, to demonstrate its committment to supplying the remote areas of Scotland with electricity. It was commissioned in 1948.

Course
The course of the River Morar is about  long from Loch Morar to below the bridge carrying the  A830 trunk road, and is one of the shortest rivers in Scotland. However, when the tide is out, it flows in a single channel across the sands of Morar Bay, for another , and this section is labelled River Morar by the Ordnance Survey. The surface level of Loch Morar is  above Ordnance datum (AOD), and the river descends through this height to reach the sea at the Sound of Sleet.

At the top end of the river, there are a series of jetties on the right bank, which provide moorings for boats using the loch. The river heads south, and then turns to the west. A weir and sluice control the flow to the hydroelectric station on the left bank. The river then tumbles down a rocky section, known as the Falls of Morar, although the flow down the falls is considerably less than it was before the hydroelectric plant was built. The power station discharges its water back into the river below the main part of the falls, and a fish ladder allows salmon and trout to negotiate the rise to reach Loch Morar.

The river is crossed by three bridges, the upper most of which is a railway viaduct built by the West Highland Railway which opened its route from Banavie to Mallaig in 1901. The viaduct consists of four arches, is made of massed concrete, and was completed in 1897. It now carries the West Highland Line and is a Category B listed building. The main arch spanning the river is , a second smaller arch carries the railway over the road on the north side of the river, and there are arches at both ends which are smaller still. The second bridge carries the B8008 road which runs through the village of Morar. It was formerly part of the main road from Fort William to Mallaig. The present bridge is close to the railway viaduct, and is built of stone. Prior to 1915, the road bridge was a little further downstream, but was replaced at some point. The newer bridge is the normal upstream limit to which tides flow. The third bridge carries the A830 road, and was constructed in 1997 when the road was upgraded. It bypasses the village altogether.

Below the road bridge, the river channel is flanked by white sandy beaches at low tide, known as the Silver Sands of Morar. The River Morar forms the boundary between the parishes of Glenelg, to the north, and Arisaig and Moidart, to the south.

Falls of Morar
As the River Morar crosses over the rock bar at the end of the loch it forms a series of waterfalls known as the Falls of Morar.

Hydroelectric power station
A 750 kW hydroelectric power station with a hydraulic head of  was built on the River Morar in 1948.

The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board was created as a result of the Hydro-electric Development (Scotland) Act 1943, an Act championed by the politician Tom Johnston during his time as Secretary of State for Scotland. Johnston's vision was for a public body that could build hydro-electric stations throughout the Highlands. Profits made by selling bulk electricity to the Scottish lowlands would be used to fund "the economic development and social improvement of the North of Scotland." Private consumers would be offered a supply of cheap electricity, and their connection to that supply would not reflect the actual cost of its provision in remote and sparsely-populated areas.

Lord Airlie, who had initially been critical of the 1943 Act because its scope was too limited, was the first chairman of the new Board. Edward MacColl, an engineer with wide experience of hydro-electric projects and electrical distribution networks, was deputy chairman and chief executive. It soon became clear that MacColl intended to push ahead with the aspirations of the Act at breakneck speeds. He produced a list of 102 potential sites in just three months, and in June 1944, the first constructional scheme was published. This was for the Loch Sloy scheme, which had a ready market for bulk supplies to nearby Clydeside, but it included two smaller schemes, to demonstrate the Board's committment to supplying remote areas. These were at Morar and Kyle of Lochalsh. The estimated cost of the two smaller schemes was £0.5 million, compared to £4.1 million for the Sloy development. Although there were no objections to the two smaller schemes, implementation was delayed, because there was vigorous opposition to the Sloy scheme, and a public inquiry was held to consider this. John Cameron KC decided that the objectors had failed to convince him that the scheme was not in the public interest, and the three schemes were authorised on 28 March 1945.

To mark the start of the smaller projects, pole raising ceremonies were held in May 1946 at Morar and at Nostie Bridge, where the Lochalsh station would be built. The Morar scheme would be built beside the Falls of Morar, and a token electricity pole was raised, which would become part of the distribution network for an area which would reach from Mallaig to the north down to Loch Ailort in the south. Both Tom Johnston and Edward MacColl were present, with Lady Hermione Cameron of Locheil assisting with the ceremony.

The original plans for both sites were brick structures, but James Shearer, one of three members of the Panel of Architectural Advisors to the Board, who was tasked with the architectural work at Lochalsh, noticed that all local buildings were made of local stone, in a style he called cottage architecture, and asked MacColl whether stone could be used for the power station, despite its extra cost and the fact that working with stone was a dying art. MacColl readily agreed, and this formed a policy for most of the Board's projects. Wood states that Shearer was also the architect for the Morar station, but Shearer states that it was another of the Panel of Architectural Advisors, Reginald Fairlie, who designed Morar. It too was built of stone, and both stations were officially opened on 21 December 1948, becoming the first stations built by the Board to become operational. At Morar a local crofter called Mrs Catherine MacKenzie inaugurated the station, by operating a wheel to let water into the turbines. She said, in Gaelic, "Let light and power come to the crofts”. ("Gun tigeadh Solus agus Neart an dealain dhionnsuich gach crout.")

A small dam was constructed, which raised the level of Loch Morar by , but because of the location of the falls, the head for the Kaplan turbines is . The small change in level represents a significant increase in the volume of water stored, as the loch covers . The dam includes a drum gate on the spillway, which operates automatically. A fish ladder was constructed around the dam to ensure that trout and salmon could still reach Loch Morar. The power station is located in a cavern near the falls, with only the doorway and a retaining wall visible.

References

Bibliography

External links

Morar
Hydroelectric power stations in Scotland


title: Études-Tableaux, Op. 33

text:
The Études-Tableaux ("study pictures"), Op. 33, is the first of two sets of piano études composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff. They were intended to be "picture pieces", essentially "musical evocations of external visual stimuli". But Rachmaninoff did not disclose what inspired each one, stating: "I do not believe in the artist that discloses too much of his images. Let [the listener] paint for themselves what it most suggests." However, he willingly shared sources for a few of these études with the Italian composer Ottorino Respighi when Respighi orchestrated them in 1930.

History

Rachmaninoff composed the Op. 33 Études-Tableaux at his Ivanovka estate in Tambov, Russia between August and September 1911, the year after completing his second set of preludes, Op. 32. While the Op. 33 Études-Tableaux share some stylistic points with the preludes, they are actually not very similar. Rachmaninoff concentrates on establishing well-defined moods and developing musical themes in the preludes. There is also an academic facet to the preludes, as he wrote 24 of them, one in each of the 24 major and minor keys.

Rachmaninoff biographer Max Harrison calls the Études-Tableaux "studies in [musical] composition"; while they explore a variety of themes, they "investigate the transformation of rather specific climates of feeling via piano textures and sonorities. They are thus less predictable than the preludes and compositionally mark an advance" in technique.

Rachmaninoff initially wrote nine pieces for Op. 33 but published only six in 1914. One étude, in A minor, was subsequently revised and used in the Op. 39 set; the other two appeared posthumously and are now usually played with the other six. Performing these eight études together could be considered to run against the composer's intent, as the six originally published are unified through "melodic-cellular connections" in much the same way as in Robert Schumann's Symphonic Studies.

Differing from the simplicity of the first four études, Nos. 5–8 are more virtuosic in their approach to keyboard writing, calling for unconventional hand positions, wide leaps for the fingers and considerable technical strength from the performer. Also, "the individual mood and passionate character of each piece" pose musical problems that preclude performance by those lacking strong physical technique.

Numbering and character
Rachmaninoff wrote nine études-tableaux at his Ivanovka estate in 1911. Six of them, the original Nos. 1–2 and 6–9, were published that year. The original No. 4 is lost; the piece was revised and published as Op. 39, No. 6. The original Nos. 3 and 5 were published posthumously within Op. 33. Probably best identified by their tempo markings and keys, the 1911 pieces are numbered by the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) as follows, leaving aside the piece that is now part of Op. 39:

 Allegro non troppo in F minor
This study has a martial character.  Rachmaninov admired the music of Frédéric Chopin, and there are often parallels between the music of the two composers. This study recalls the Étude Op. 25, No. 4 of Chopin.

 Allegro in C major
This study is characterized by a marked lyricism and a very expressive melody. Notice the similarity to Rachmaninoff's Prelude op. 32 no. 12, which was composed the year before, in 1910.

 Grave in C minor (published posthumously)
This study was re-used in the Largo of Rachmaninov's Fourth Concerto, which was completed in 1926.

 Moderato in D minor (published posthumously, originally No. 5)
This study is similar to the Prelude op. 23 No. 3 composed by Rachmaninoff in 1903, both in tone and character. It is a simple march that grows into a thing of striking contrapuntal complexity.

 Non allegro—Presto in E minor (published as No. 3, originally No. 6)
This study ranks among the most difficult of the opus, to play.  The right hand runs constantly throughout the whole keyboard with numerous octave leaps and chromatic scales. Note some similarity to the Prelude op. 28 No. 16 and the Study Op. 25 No. 6 by Chopin. In Russia, this piece is nicknamed The Snow Storm.

 Allegro con fuoco in E major (published as No. 4, originally No. 7)
This study has primarily a military aspect. The study concludes with a particularly virtuosic coda. Its joyous, exuberant character earned it the nickname of "The Fair", according to Rachmaninoff in his correspondence with Ottorino Respighi.

 Moderato in G minor (published as No. 5, originally No. 8)

This study parallels the finale of the First Ballade in G minor by Chopin.

 Grave in C minor (published as No. 6, originally No. 9)

This study is a thundering piece with violent wavering between minor and major, as well as a bravura display at the end featuring harmonic dips and turns, chromatic runs, huge left-hand leaps, and a countermelody that emerges apparently out of nowhere. This study was one of the three in this opus that were recorded in the Melodiya studios by Sviatoslav Richter, the other two being Moderato in D minor and Non allegro—Presto in E minor.

Arrangements
In 1929, conductor and music publisher Serge Koussevitzky asked whether Rachmaninoff would select a group of études-tableaux for Italian composer Ottorino Respighi to orchestrate. The commissioned orchestrations would be published by Koussevitzky's firm and Koussevitzky would conduct their premiere with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Rachmaninoff agreed and selected five études from Op. 33 and Op. 39. Respighi rearranged the order of études, but was otherwise faithful to the composer's intent. He gave each étude a distinct title from the programmatic clues Rachmaninoff had given him:

 La foire (The Fair) – (Op. 33, No. 6(7))
 La mer et les mouettes (The Sea and the Seagulls) – (Op. 39, No. 2)
 La chaperon rouge et le loup (Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf) – (Op. 39, No. 6)
 Marche funèbre (Funeral March) – (Op. 39, No. 7)
 Marche (March) – (Op. 39, No. 9)

Recordings
 Complete Études-Tableaux by Michael Ponti, İdil Biret (1997), Rustem Hayroudinoff (2007), Nikolai Lugansky (1992), Bruno Vlahek (2020) and Vladimir Ashkenazy
 There is a popular recording that includes the originally excised numbers of Op. 33, by Vladimir Ovchinnikov on the EMI Classics label.
 BBC Radio 3 chose the recording by Rustem Hayroudinoff (Chandos Records) as the finest version of  the Complete Études-Tableaux, in its programme Building a Library.
 Jesús López-Cobos and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra recorded the Respighi orchestrations for the Telarc label.
 Rachmaninoff himself recorded Op. 33, Nos. 2 and 7 (6) (electrical recording).

References

External links

Piano music by Sergei Rachmaninoff
Rachmaninoff
1911 compositions