title: Joss Whedon filmography

text:
American screenwriter, director and producer Joss Whedon has generated numerous films and television series over the course of his career, many of which have influenced popular culture and acquired "cult status".

Film

Uncredited works
Additional dialogue
 The Getaway (1994)
 The Quick and the Dead (1995)

Rewrites
 Speed (1994)
 Waterworld (1995)
 Twister (1996)
 X-Men (2000)
 Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)
 Thor: The Dark World (2013)

Post-credits scene director
 Thor (2011)
 Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)

Television

Online media

References

External links

Joss Whedon at Rotten Tomatoes

Whedon, Joss


title: Table tennis at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

text:
Table tennis competitions at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland took place between 24 July and 2 August at the Scotstoun Sports Campus.

Medal table

Medallists

Participating nations

References

External links
Official results book – Table Tennis

2014 Commonwealth Games events
2014
Commonwealth Games
Table tennis competitions in the United Kingdom


title: Civilization: Is the West History?

text:
Civilization: Is the West History? is a 2011 British TV documentary that tells how Western civilisation, in five centuries, transformed into the dominating civilisation in the world.

Presented by Niall Ferguson, the show reveals the 'killer apps' of the West's success – competition, science, the property owning democracy, modern medicine, the consumer society and the Protestant work ethic – the real explanation of how, for five centuries, a clear minority of mankind managed to secure the majority of the earth's resources.

Description

According to the historian, Western civilization's rise to global dominance is the single most important historical phenomenon of the past five centuries. All around the world, more and more people study at universities, work for companies, vote for governments, take medicines, wear clothes, and play sports, all of which have strong 'western' influences. Yet six hundred years ago the kingdoms of Western Europe seemed like miserable backwaters, ravaged by incessant war and pestilence. It was Ming China or Ottoman Turkey that had the look of world civilizations. How did the West overtake its Eastern rivals? And has the zenith of Western power now passed?

In Civilization: Is the West history?, the British historian Niall Ferguson argues that, beginning in the fifteenth century, the West developed six powerful new concepts that the Rest lacked: competition, science, the rule of law, modern medicine, consumerism, and the work ethic. These became  the "killer apps" that allowed the West to go ahead of the Rest; opening global trade routes, exploiting new scientific knowledge, evolving representative government, increasing life expectancy, unleashing the industrial revolution, and hugely increasing human productivity. Civilization shows exactly how a dozen Western empires came to control three-fifths of mankind and four-fifths of the world economy.

However, Ferguson argues that the days of Western predominance are numbered because the Rest have finally downloaded the six killer apps the West once monopolised – while the West has literally lost faith in itself.

Episodes

Reception
Brad Newsome of The Sydney Morning Herald wrote, "The provocative, pro-colonialist Ferguson won't be everyone's cup of tea but at least this series shows that the BBC does air a diversity of views." Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent wrote that Ferguson is "irritating in a very thought-provoking way". Sam Wollaston of The Guardian wrote, "Ferguson's is a no-nonsense approach: here's how it is, you better believe it. It's not especially charming, but it  certainly isn't boring – it's a rollicking roller-coaster ride through time, so much fun it doesn't even feel like school." Chris Harvey of The Daily Telegraph wrote, "His developing thesis was an enjoyable one, driven forward with the certainty that is Ferguson's style."

References

External links

Historical television series
British documentary television series
2011 British television series debuts
2011 British television series endings


title: John Depeden

text:
John Depeden (died 1460) was a Canon of Windsor from 1430 to 1460.

Career

He was appointed:
Treasurer of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1440
Prebendary of Wisborough in Chichester 1441 - 1460
Rector of Denham
Prebendary of Torleton in Salisbury 1443 - 1457
Registrar of the Order of the Garter 1445

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1430 and held the canonry until 1460.

Notes

1460 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Registrars of the Order of the Garter
Year of birth unknown


title: Commonwealth (Sloan album)

text:
Commonwealth is the eleventh studio album by Canadian rock band Sloan.

Concept and release
In 2013, the band revealed plans for a double album, with each of the four sides featuring a solo suite by a different band member. In May 2014, it was announced that the new album would be titled Commonwealth and would be released in September 2014. On July 14, 2014, the band announced the official release date for the album (September 9) and released the album's lead single, "Keep Swinging (Downtown)". The album's cover was simultaneously released, which portrays the band members as four-of-a-kind kings. The suits of these playing cards correspond to the titles of their solo sides: Jay Ferguson's side is called Diamonds, Chris Murphy's is Hearts, Patrick Pentland's is Clubs, and Andrew Scott's is Spades.

Track listing

Each suite is written and performed by its respective band member.

References

2014 albums
Sloan (band) albums


title: Ivarson

text:
Ivarson may refer to:

People
 Inge Ivarson (1917–2015), Swedish film producer and screenwriter
 Per Ivarson Undi (1803–1860), Norwegian-American homesteader in the Wisconsin Territory

Other
 Ivarson USA LLC, an American manufacturing company

See also
 Iverson (disambiguation)
 Iversen (disambiguation)

Patronymic surnames


title: Filip Dylewicz

text:
Filip Dylewicz (born 25 January 1980) is a Polish former professional basketball player. He also represented the Polish national basketball team in the international competitions.

Professional career
Started playing in basketball in Astoria Bydgoszcz. In August 2013 he signed a contract with Turów Zgorzelec. He won the Polish championship with Turów, after they beat Stelmet Zielona Góra 4–2 in the Finals. Dylewicz was named PLK Finals MVP for the second time in his career, with averages of 16.6 points and 8.3 rebounds per game in the series.

On 15 July 2014 he signed a new two-year deal with Turów.

On 8 August 2016, Dylewicz returned to Trefl Sopot.

On 17 November 2019 he has signed with Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski of the Polish League (PLK).

On 6 July 2020 he signed with Arka Gdynia of the Polish Basketball League.

On 4 July 2022 he announced his retirement from professional basketball.

Honours
Polish League Champion: (7)
2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014
Polish Cup Winner: (2)
2006, 2008
Polish League Finals MVP: 2
2008, 2014

References

External links
 Filip Dylewicz at euroleague.net

1980 births
Living people
Asseco Gdynia players
Astoria Bydgoszcz sportspeople
Polish men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
S.S. Felice Scandone players
Sportspeople from Bydgoszcz
Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski players
Trefl Sopot players
Turów Zgorzelec players


title: In Search of Noah's Ark

text:
In Search of Noah's Ark is a 1976 American documentary film based on David W. Balsiger and Charles E. Sellier Jr.'s book of the same name. Released by Sunn Classic Pictures, it explores the alleged final resting place of Noah's Ark.

Production notes
In Search of Noah's Ark was produced by Sunn Classic Pictures, a Utah-based independent film company that specialized in releasing low-budget family films and documentaries. Along with such features as Beyond and Back (1978) and In Search of Historic Jesus (1979), the film was one of a series of releases from the company that attempted to present convincing scientific evidence for Christian theology. Parts of the film were shot in Park City, Utah.

The film was based on the book by David W. Balsiger. Filmed independently and inexpensively, the documentary makes the assertion that Noah's Ark, from the biblical flood narrative, has been found on the slopes of Mount Ararat in Turkey, though physical and political difficulties prevent a more extensive study of the alleged vessel. The movie includes a re-enactment of Noah's story as one of its highlights.

Reception
In Search of Noah's Ark grossed $55.7 million at the North American box office and was the ninth highest grossing film of 1976 in the United States.

Follow-up film
On February 20, 1993, CBS aired a television special entitled The Incredible Discovery of Noah's Ark.  Produced by Sunn Classic Pictures, it was intended as an updated follow-up to In Search of Noah's Ark.  Hosted by Darren McGavin, the special features interviews with John C. Whitcomb, Philip C. Hammond, Charles Berlitz, David Coppedge, Carl Baugh and Tim LaHaye.  The special included a section devoted to the claims of George Jammal, who showed what he called "sacred wood from the ark."  Jammal's story of a dramatic mountain expedition which took the life of "his Polish friend Vladimir" was actually a deliberate hoax concocted with scholar Gerald Larue.  Jammal – who was really an actor – later revealed that his "sacred wood" was taken from railroad tracks in Long Beach, California and hardened by cooking with various sauces in an oven.

See also
 Searches for Noah's Ark
 Genesis flood narrative
 List of topics characterized as pseudoscience

References

External links

 “The Incredible Mysteries of Sun Pictures” on TalkOrigins
 “Sun Goes Down in Flames: The Jammal Ark Hoax” on TalkOrigins

1976 films
1976 documentary films
1976 directorial debut films
1970s English-language films
Apologetics
Films directed by James L. Conway
Films shot in Utah
Noah's Ark in film
Taft Entertainment Pictures films


title: Thomas Danett

text:
Thomas Danett (also spelt Danette; died 19 September 1483) was a Dean of Windsor from 1481 to 1483.

Career

He was appointed:
Principal of St Alban Hall, Oxford 1468–1477
Prebendary of Henfield in Chichester 1472
Rector of Brixton Deverill, Wiltshire 1469
Rector of Slapton
Prebendary of St Stephen's, Westminster
Prebendary of Gaia Major in Lichfield 1473–1483
Prebendary of Farendon c. Balderton in Lincoln 1480–1483
Dean of Wolverhampton, a deanery united with Windsor, 1481
Prebendary of Cherminster c. Bere in Salisbury 1482–1483
Treasurer of St Paul's Cathedral 1479–1483
Almoner to King Edward IV

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1472 and held the canonry until 1481 when he was appointed Dean of Windsor.

References

1483 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Deans of Windsor
Treasurers of St Paul's Cathedral
Year of birth unknown
Principals of St Alban Hall, Oxford


title: Samsung Galaxy Alpha

text:
The Samsung Galaxy Alpha (SM-G850x) is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics. Unveiled on 13 August 2014, the device was released in September 2014. A high-end device, the Galaxy Alpha is Samsung's first Android-powered smartphone to incorporate a metallic frame, although the remainder of its physical appearance still resembles previous models such as the Galaxy S5. It also incorporates Samsung's new Exynos 5430 system-on-chip, which is the first mobile system-on-chip to use a 20 nanometer manufacturing process.

The Galaxy Alpha received mixed reviews; although praised for its higher quality build and design in comparison to earlier products, the device was panned for its modest specifications in comparison to its flagship counterpart, the Galaxy S5, and for being priced too high for what they considered to be a "mid-range" smartphone.

Development
In early-June 2014, images leaked of an upcoming Samsung phone tentatively known as the "Galaxy F", shown alongside a Galaxy S5: it incorporated a metallic frame, thinner bezels around the screen than the S5, and was to allegedly include a quad HD display, Snapdragon 805 system-on-chip, along with the heart rate sensor and water/dust-proofing from the S5. On June 18, 2014, Samsung would unveil an LTE-Advanced version of the S5 with a quad HD display, exclusively for release in South Korea. A Samsung representative stated it had "no plans" to release this device globally.

In late July 2014, further images leaked of the rumored device, now identified as the "Galaxy Alpha"; the device depicted was now a mid-range device positioned below the S5, incorporating a metallic frame, a 720p  display similar to the Galaxy S III, and no expandable storage. On July 31, 2014, Kim Hyun-joon, senior vice president of Samsung's mobile business, told investors that the company was planning to release a major new device incorporating "new materials" by the end of 2014. Critics interpreted his statement as signs that the company was planning to make a metal smartphone, but that it could also be a new entry in the Galaxy Note series.

On August 13, 2014, Samsung officially unveiled the Galaxy Alpha. Samsung Electronics CEO JK Shin explained that the Alpha was "built and designed based on the specific desires of the consumer market." The company stated that the Galaxy Alpha would mark a "new design approach" for Samsung's products, and that elements from the Alpha could appear on future Samsung models. Later in 2014, Samsung would unveil the low-end and mid-range Galaxy A3 and A5, which featured slim builds and a similar metal design. The Galaxy S6 would fully realize Samsung's new design direction, utilizing a unibody metal frame and glass backing.

Specifications

Design
The Galaxy Alpha's overall design is an evolution upon that of the Galaxy S5, incorporating a chamfered metal frame and a dimpled, plastic rear cover. With a thickness of At the time, the Galaxy Alpha was the company's thinnest smartphone.

Chipsets
International models of the Alpha utilize an octa-core, Exynos 5430 system-on-chip; consisting of a bank of four 1.8 GHz Cortex-A15 cores, and four 1.3 GHz Cortex-A7 cores. The Exynos 5430 is the first ever mobile system-on-chip to use a 20 nanometer HKMG manufacturing process. The international model was the first device to incorporate Intel's XMM7260 modem for category 6 LTE Advanced support. U.S. models include a 2.5 GHz Snapdragon 801 processor instead; both models will include 2 GB of RAM.

Display, Battery and Storage
The Galaxy Alpha features a PenTile 720p  Super AMOLED display, and also incorporates a 12 megapixel rear-facing camera without optical image stabilization, fingerprint and heart rate sensors, and removable 1860 mAh battery. The device includes 32 GB of non-expandable storage, and runs Android 4.4.4 "KitKat" but can be upgraded to Android 5.0.2 "Lollipop" with Samsung's TouchWiz software suite.

The Galaxy Alpha is equipped with Samsung's Air View (using floating finger), air gesture controls (also known as "Motion Gestures") and Smart Screen functionality introduced on the Galaxy S4.

Air View is enabled using a self-capacitive touch screen layer that is also referred to by Samsung as "TSP Hovering".

Camera
The rear camera is able to record video footage at 2160p (4K) at 30 frames per second (fps), 1080p at 60fps, and 720p at 120fps.

This makes it the first smartphone by Samsung outside of the Galaxy S and Note series to feature 2160p (4K) video recording, and the second one after the Galaxy K Zoom (if not regarded as "S5 Zoom") to feature 1080p video recording at 60 frames per second and 720p at 120 frames per second. However, 2160p videos are limited to four minutes per video, after which the video recording has to be restarted. In addition, 720p at 120fps video footage is recorded without sound and encoded as slowed-down video.

Reception
While praising Samsung's decision to begin manufacturing a smartphone that incorporates actual metal in its design, critics noted that despite its "premium" appearance, the internal specifications of the Galaxy Alpha were "mid-range" in comparison to the S5, with particular emphasis placed on the device's smaller, lower-resolution screen, the replacement of its USB 3.0 port with a USB 2.0 port, and its smaller battery. However, Ars Technica noted that the lower screen resolution could offset the lower capacity of the device's battery, and ExtremeTech also noted that the smaller battery would make the device lighter, and the lower resolution of the display could improve the responsiveness of Samsung's Android distribution. In conclusion, the Alpha was considered by ExtremeTech to be "a hedge against several troubling trends for the world’s largest smartphone maker", believing that its slimmer build and higher quality design were an attempt to compete against the then-upcoming iPhone 6, which features a 4.7 inch display.

Engadget described the Galaxy Alpha as Samsung's "most beautiful phone yet", praising its design for being "simple, yet elegant; minimal, yet profuse". Its overall performance was considered to be up to par with the Galaxy S5, and its display was described as being "acceptable" for its class. However, the Galaxy Alpha was criticized for being too expensive for its class, concluding that "the only reason you'd want to pick this over the Galaxy S5, which is available for a similar price, is that you prefer a smaller size or more solid build. But even then, this design isn't a one-and-done; you'll be able to get the same fit and finish on the Note 4 and Note Edge (albeit with larger screens)."

References

Android (operating system) devices
Samsung mobile phones
Samsung Galaxy
Mobile phones introduced in 2014
Discontinued smartphones
Mobile phones with user-replaceable battery
Mobile phones with self-capacitive touch screen layer
Mobile phones with 4K video recording


title: John Stokes (canon of Windsor)

text:
John Stokes BCanL (died 1503) was a Canon of Windsor from 1486 to 1503.

Career

He was appointed:
Warden of All Souls College, Oxford 1466 - 1494
Rector of Broughton, Oxfordshire

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1486 and held the canonry until 1503.

Notes

1503 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Wardens of All Souls College, Oxford
Year of birth unknown


title: Rim-driven thruster

text:
The rim-driven thruster, also known as rim-driven propulsor/propeller (or RDP) is a novel type of electric propulsion unit for ships. The concept was proposed by Kort around 1940, but only became commercially practical in the early 21st century due to advances in DC motor controller technology. As of 2017, commercial models of between 500 kW and 3 MW are available from manufacturers such as Rolls-Royce, Schottel, Brunvoll, Voith, Van der Velden, etc.

Principle
The rim-driven thruster is a marine propeller that does not use a central hub for transmission of the driving torque. Conventional hubcentric propellers typically use a shaft driven by a turbine, a diesel engine or an electric motor. The more recent podded drives consist of a propeller driven by a conventional electric motor into an azimuthable gondola under water, but they still incorporate a traditional hubcentric propeller.

The blades of the rim-driven thruster, by contrast, are mounted on an outer ring rather than a central hub.  The ring constitutes the rotor of an electric motor and sits within a surrounding stator, which is also ring-shaped and creates the necessary torque. Rotor and stator are water tight and the whole unit operates submerged. Similar to an azipod, a rim-driven thruster can be designed to be fixed, retractable and/or azimuthing.

Advantages and disadvantages
The largest advantages of the rim-driven thruster are lower noise emissions, potentially increased efficiency, and a compact design that enables relatively simple integration in many applications.
Since the propeller blade/rotor assembly is driven directly by electro-magnetic forces, no shaft and no gearbox is needed. The blades can be made of metal or composite material, and the rotor and stator can be hermetically sealed. Since the blades are mounted to the rotor ring, there is no tip gap (which can be a noise source in ducted propellers) and the elimination of a mechanical gearbox also removes a prominent sources of noise.

The primary disadvantage is the complexity of manufacturing high-output submerged motors with water-lubricated bearings. The potential efficiency improvements might also be tricky to achieve due to friction losses in the gap between the rotor and its surrounding stator. And as with all high-output electric motors, sufficient cooling can present problems even for units submerged in water.

See also
Manoeuvering thruster
Azimuth thruster
Azipod
Z-drive
Cycloidal drive
Propulsor

References

External links

  Are Rim-Driven Propulsors The Future? (Royal Institution of Naval Architects)
  Rim Motors Drive Thruster Development (Riviera Newsletters)

Marine propulsion


title: No Time Like the Present

text:
No Time Like the Present is a 2012 novel by South African writer Nadine Gordimer. It was Gordimer's last published novel during her lifetime. The novel deals with a variety of issues in contemporary South Africa, including unemployment, HIV-AIDS, and corruption.

Plot
The novel is set during the period after the lifting of Apartheid. Stephen, a white, half-Jew, half Christian, and Jabulile (Jabu), a Zulu, are now able to legally live as a married couple in South Africa. Stephen is a chemistry professor, and Jabu takes classes to become an attorney in the new political order. The novel deals with their adjusting to the normalcy of post-Apartheid South Africa, and the cognitive dissonance of sending their children to private school and living in a suburb while poverty remains a severe problem in the country. Toward the end of the novel, a disastrous home invasion, compounded by other crimes against the family, causes Stephen and Jubu to consider moving to Australia.

Reception
The plot of the novel was well received by critics. Critics also praised Gordimer for her ability to address a number of different social issues in the context of one family's experience, and her willingness to ask difficult questions about quality of life in South Africa.

Francine Prose, writing for The New York Times, faulted Gordimer for her occasionally stilted language. Dominic Davies, writing for the Oxonian Review, expressed a similar opinion. Both, however, admitted that the difficulty of the language and Gordimer's prose made the novel more rewarding.

References

Novels by Nadine Gordimer
2012 novels
21st-century South African novels


title: William Butler (canon)

text:
William Butler BDec (d. 1519) was a Canon of Windsor from 1503 to 1519

Career
He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1503 and held the canonry until 1519.

Notes

1519 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Year of birth unknown


title: Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station

text:
Xianyou Pumped Storage Power Station is a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located  west of Putian in Xianyou County of Fujian Province, China. Construction on the project began in May 2009 and the first generator was commissioned in April 2013, the last in December 2013. The power station operates by shifting water between an upper and lower reservoir to generate electricity. The lower reservoir was formed with the creation of the Xianyou Lower Dam on the Xikou River, a tributary of the Mulan River. The Xianyou Upper Reservoir is located in a valley above the east side of the lower reservoir on the Dajixi River, another tributary of the Mulan. During periods of low energy demand, such as at night, water is pumped from Xianyou Lower Reservoir up to the upper reservoir. When energy demand is high, the water is released back down to the lower reservoir but the pump turbines that pumped the water up now reverse mode and serve as generators to produce electricity. The process is repeated as necessary and the plant serves as a peaking power plant.

The lower reservoir is created by a  tall and  long concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Xikou River. It can withhold up to  of water. The upper reservoir is created by a  tall and  long concrete-face rock-fill dam on the paralleling Dajixi River. It can withhold up to  of water. Water from the upper reservoir is sent to the 1,200 MW underground power station down near the lower reservoir through four  long headrace/penstock pipes. The drop in elevation between the upper and lower reservoir affords a hydraulic head (water drop) of .

See also

List of pumped-storage power stations

References

Dams in China
Concrete-face rock-fill dams
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in China
Dams completed in 2013
Energy infrastructure completed in 2013
2013 establishments in China
Hydroelectric power stations in Fujian
Underground power stations


title: 1908 Aberdare Urban District Council election

text:
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  Originally, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis, but from 1904 an additional member was granted to each ward resulting in the election of ten members, out of a total of twenty, every three years. At the intervening election, one member continued to be elected.

An election was held in April 1908. It was preceded by the 1907 election and followed by the 1909 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1905 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1911. There were contested elections in two of the five wards.

(*) denotes sitting member

Results

Aberaman Ward

Blaengwawr Ward

Gadlys Ward

Llwydcoed Ward

Town Ward

References

Bibliography

1908
1908 Welsh local elections


title: Ant etkenmen

text:
Ant etkenmen (English: I Have Promised) is the national anthem of the Crimean Tatars. It was written in 1917 by Noman Çelebicihan and served as the national anthem of the short-lived Crimean People's Republic.

Lyrics

Original lyrics by Noman Çelebicihan

See also
 Ey Güzel Kırım, a famous Crimean folk song
 Hymn of Crimea, official anthem of Crimea

References

Crimean Tatar music
European anthems
Regional songs
Crimean Tatar-language songs


title: George Whitehorne

text:
George Whitehorne (died 1565) was a Canon of Windsor from 1559 to 1565.

Career

He was appointed:
Minor Canon and Priest-Vicar of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1541 - 1565
Vicar of Ruislip until 1554, returned 1559.

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1559 and held the canonry until 1565.

Notes

1565 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Year of birth unknown


title: Thomas Frith

text:
Thomas Frith BD (1569 - 9 March 1631) was a Canon of Windsor from 1610 to 1631

Career

He was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford and All Souls College, Oxford and graduated MA in 1594 and BD in 1604.

He was appointed:
Rector of Elmley, Kent

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1610 and held the canonry until 1631.

Notes

1569 births
1631 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of All Souls College, Oxford


title: Inverted pyramid (architecture)

text:
In architecture, an inverted pyramid is a structure in the shape of an upside-down pyramid.

The Hanoi Museum and Hong Kong Coliseum are buildings which have an inverted pyramidal shape. The Pyramide Inversée in Paris is a skylight of this shape. The Tokyo Big Sight's conference tower consists of four inverted pyramids mounted on support bases. Whitney Museum is another example and its inverted pyramid design allowed the building to gain an unusual spatial distribution and conform to the New York City's zoning requirements. The Tempe Municipal Building's inverted pyramidal shape helps in keeping the building cool in summer and warm in winter. The same applies to Slovak Radio Building in Bratislava, Slovakia. The inverted pyramid can also be integrated as a component of a structure such as the case of the stalactite work design, which is formed by an intricate corbeling of brackets, squinches and inverted pyramids.
In addition to the hidden safety hazards, it is also one of the challenges for the public to accept such a style. At the design level, architects need to carefully consider the design of the internal structure and materials of the building while ensuring aesthetics.

Examples

Boston City Hall

In terms of the time it was built and opened, the earliest inverted pyramid building dates back to Boston City Hall in 1968. It was designed by the architecture firms Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty and Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles. Architects draws on examples of medieval Italian town halls and the Boston's 19th-century granite structures.  It replaced the old town hall and is still in use today.

222 Jarvis Street

The 222 Jarvis Street, as an office building in Toronto, was completed in 1971. It was designed by architect Maxwell Miller. The brutalist-style building is currently being used as the headquarters of Sears Canada, which is a department store chain.

Rainier Tower

The Rainier Tower, which is a  skyscraper, was built in 1977 and was designed by Minoru Yamasaki.  This skyscraper is the tallest building to date to contain an inverted pyramid structure, which is a  concrete pedestal base. The designer Yamasaki mentioned that this structure provides a larger space for the ground shopping plaza while preserving the green plants.

Pyramid on Central

The Pyramid on Central was built in 1979 and designed by architect Thomas Hite. It has five floors and totals . From now on, it still been using as an official building in Phoenix, AZ.

Hong Kong Coliseum

The Hong Kong Coliseum was completed in August of 1981 and opened in  27th April of 1983. It was designed by Chinese architect Shaoxiong Bao. It shaped like a diamond or an upside-down pyramid, and has 12,500 seats without any pillars. Since the opening period, hundreds of celebrities have come to the coliseum to hold concerts.

Slovak Radio Building

The Slovak Radio Building, located in Bratislava, was completed in 1983 and the architects were Barnabáš Kissling, Štefan Svetko and Štefan Ďurkovič. The height of the building reach . As a concert hall, it has 522 seats with concert organ and has had regular broadcasting since 1985.

Egyptian Embassy

The Egyptian Embassy, located in Abu Dhabi, was built in 1986 and designed by Egyptian architect Abdul Rahman Makhlouf. It has  built up area. The Architecture was expressed by granite stepped upside-down pyramid, reflecting a traditional Egyptian style design.

Louvre Inverted Pyramid
The Louvre Inverted Pyramid (Pyramide Inversée) is a skylight constructed in the underground shopping mall. The glass pyramid designed and built by I.M. Pei is  high and  wide at the bottom, standing in the center of the courtyard.  Its four sides are made up of six hundred and seventy-three pieces of diamond-shaped glass. The total floor area is about . The total weight of the tower is 200 tons, of which the net weight of glass is 105 tons, and the metal support is only 95 tons. In other words, the load on the stand exceeds its own weight. It was advanced to the final of Benedictus Awards in 1995.

Tokyo Big Sight

The Tokyo International Exhibition Center, also known as Tokyo Big Sight, is a exhibition centre in Tokyo, designed by AXS Satow Architectural group. It is located in Koto District, Tokyo, Japan, with a total exhibition area of more than .   It is the largest exhibition venue in Japan and one of the most famous tourist attractions in Japan. Tokyo Big Sight was built in 1995 and mainly consists of conference building, east exhibition building, west exhibition building and other related facilities.

Hanoi Museum

The Hanoi Museum, located in Vietnam, was designed by GMP Architekten and built in 2010. As a museum, it represents the artifact of Hanoi over 1000 years, and it also displays the culture and heritage of Vietnam. The total area of the building is nearly 1772ft.

Limitations
The limitations of the inverted pyramid building are mainly reflected in the conflict between engineering structure and safety. First, the inverted pyramid structure is very different from the traditional building structure. The inverted pyramid structure lacks stability, the exact opposite of the stable ancient pyramid structure.
Therefore, engineering is very challenging in terms of structure and material. At the modern engineering level, in order to achieve such a feat of unique architectural structure, there are higher requirements for the high-precision manufacturing of materials.

At the same time, in order to ensure the safety of the building in the face of earthquakes and high wind seasons, designers need to consider the global equilibrium equation defined by architecture. In this way, the hybrid structural concept was specified, including the lightweight structural wall elements anchored to the relatively heavyweight structural core of the architecture.

Criticism of outward appearance
The controversy over the inverted pyramid structure is mainly reflected in two aspects. The first is the appearance. This relatively rare style is not only innovative but also a challenge to the public's aesthetics.

Second, at the political level, architects may overlook architectural acceptance in order to create new and internationally influential landmarks.
Boston City Hall can be said to be a typical building with mixed reputations, and most architects have expressed approval for its unique inverted pyramid structure and asymmetrical design. However, the building is controversial in the eyes of the public, because in addition to the appearance, the interior design of Boston City Hall lacks humanization.

Tourism

Iconic buildings have an enduring presence character, promoting the development of the tourism industry. At the same time, the tourism economy of regions with unique buildings will also be improved accordingly.

Although most architects do not prioritize the tourism effect of a building when designing, it is undeniable that the unique appearance of a building can bring additional tourism value. As a unique architectural style, the inverted pyramid building can also produce certain benefits for the tourism industry.

The Hong Kong Coliseum, as a building opened for use in 1984, has held many large-scale projects such as concerts, music festivals, and university gatherings without interruption.

The financial returns of the Hong Kong Coliseum have been at a high level, attracting tourists from all over the world. Among them, between 1992 and 1993, the utilization rate was as high as 91%, and there were more than 2 million paying customers.

Tokyo Big Sight hosts about 300 events every year and is visited by about 14 million tourists from all over the world. It hosts about 300 events every year and is visited by about 14 million tourists from all over the world. In order to cope with such a huge passenger flow, Tokyo Big Sight is about 30 minutes away from Tokyo Station, and about 15 minutes away from Haneda Airport. At the same time, about 4,700 accommodations have been opened around Tokyo Big Sight.

Gallery

References

External links

Modernist architecture


title: List of phosphodiesterase inhibitors

text:
The following is a list of phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

List
 Adibendan
 Aminophylline
 Aminophylline dihydrate
 Amipizone
 Apremilast
 Arofylline
 Atizoram
 Befuraline
 Bemarinone hydrochloride
 Bemoradan
 Benafentrine
 Bucladesine
 Buflomedil
 Buquineran
 CC-1088
 Carbazeran
 Catramilast
 Cilomilast
 Cilostamide
 Cilostazol
 Cipamfylline
 Crisaborole
 Daxalipram
 Denbufylline
 Dimabefylline
 Diniprofylline
 Dipyridamole
 Doxofylline
 Drotaverine
 Dyphylline
 Enoximone
 Etamiphyllin
 Etofylline
 Filaminast
 Flufylline
 Fluprofylline
 Furafylline
 Imazodan
 Imazodan hydrochloride
 Inamrinone
 Inamrinone lactate
 Isbufylline
 Lirimilast
 Lisofylline
 Lomifylline
 Medorinone
 Metescufylline
 Midaxifylline
 Milrinone
 Milrinone lactate
 Motapizone
 Nanterinone
 Nestifylline
 Nitraquazone
 Oglemilast
 Oglemilast Sodium
 Olprinone
 Oxagrelate
 Oxtriphylline
 Papaverine
 Papaverine hydrochloride
 Papaverine sulfate
 Parogrelil
 Pelrinone hydrochloride
 Pentifylline
 Pentoxifylline
 Perbufylline
 Piclamilast
 Pimefylline
 Pimobendan
 Piroximone
 Prinoxodan
 Proxyphylline
 Pumafentrine
 Quazinone
 Quazodine
 Revamilast
 Revizinone
 Roflumilast
 Rolipram
 Ronomilast
 Saterinone
 Senazodan
 Siguazodan
 Tetomilast
 Tofimilast
 Trapidil
 Vesnarinone
 Zardaverine

cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors
 Aminotadalafil
 Avanafil
 Beminafil
 Dasantafil
 Gisadenafil
 Gisadenafil besylate
 Mirodenafil
 Sildenafil
 Sildenafil citrate
 Tadalafil
 Udenafil
 Vardenafil
 Vardenafil dihydrochloride
 Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate
 Zaprinast

See also
 Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Sources
 This list was created from the NCI Thesaurus.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors


title: Daniel Collins (priest)

text:
Daniel Collins STP (died 29 March 1648) was a Canon of Windsor from 1631 to 1648

Career

He was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge and graduated BA in 1599, MA in 1601, BD in 1609 and DD in 1626.

He was appointed:
Lecturer at Tring, Reader in Divinity at Ruislip
Rector of Puttenham, Hertfordshire 1610
Lecturer at Windsor
Chaplain to King Charles I
Fellow of Eton 1616 - 1648 and Vicar Provost
Vicar of Ruislip 1617 - 1633, and 1640 - 1641
Rector of Cowley, Middlesex 1629 - 1648
Vicar of Mapledurham 1635 - 1637

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1631 and held the canonry until 1648.

Notes

1648 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
People educated at Eton College
Year of birth unknown


title: 1909 Aberdare Urban District Council election

text:
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  At this time, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis.

An election was held in April 1909. It was preceded by the 1908 election and followed by the 1910 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1906 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1912.

Four of the five wards were uncontested, with Labour candidates becoming increasingly the dominant force as they took a seat at Gadlys for the first time.

(*) denotes sitting member

Results

Aberaman Ward

Blaengwawr Ward

Gadlys Ward

Llwydcoed Ward

Town Ward

References

Bibliography

1909
1909 Welsh local elections


title: Pike House

text:
The Pike House is a historic house, located on New Hampshire Route 10 in the village of Goshen, New Hampshire. Built about 1812, it is one of a cluster of 19th-century plank-frame houses in the rural community. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Description and history
The Pike House is located near the southern edge of the village of Goshen, on the east side of NH 10 a short way south of its junction with Brook Road. It is a -story wooden structure, with a gabled roof and exterior finished in aluminum siding. The walls are framed with three-inch wood planking, oriented vertically, with dowels placed horizontally for lateral stability. It originally had two windows on either side of the central door; these have been replaced with modern multi-pane windows. The entry is sheltered by a gabled porch with turned posts, and is flanked by sidelight windows. One brick chimney rises off-center through the rear roof face, and another is set at one end. Attached to this main block are a connecting ell and garage of modern construction.

The house was built about 1812, probably by Oliver Brooks around the time of his marriage. In the first half of the 20th century, it was the home of Althine Sholes Lear, a locally prominent poet.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Houses completed in 1812
Houses in Goshen, New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire


title: Cazzette

text:
Cazzette is a Swedish electronic dance music duo, founded in 2011 by musicians Alexander Björklund and Sebastian Furrer.

Biography
The duo is best known for the songs "Beam Me Up", from their debut album Eject (2014), and "Sleepless" (2014), which charted in Sweden. They have also performed with Swedish progressive house DJ Avicii at a live show in New York City, on 27 September 2012 and again with Avicii as the guest act in Manchester on 20 February 2014. Early in 2015, the duo's collaboration with Terri B!, a song entitled, "Blind Heart", peaked at number one on the US Dance chart. On 31 March 2015, Cazzette announced their EP Desserts, which was released on 14 August 2015 release. They also announced the first single of the EP, "Together", released on 29 May 2015.

in 2016 Furrer announced that he stops touring with the act, only focusing on the production side.

Discography

Albums

Extended plays

Singles

Promotional singles

Remixes

References

Musical groups established in 2011
Swedish electronic musicians
Swedish DJs
Electronic dance music DJs
Masked musicians


title: Kesher Israel Congregation (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)

text:
Kesher Israel Congregation is an Orthodox synagogue in the Uptown neighborhood of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1902, it is officially affiliated with the Orthodox Union.

Name
There is some discrepancy about the early name of the congregation. In the annals of the Chisuk Emuna Synagogue, an Orthodox synagogue in Harrisburg from which members split off to form Kesher Israel, the new congregation was called Chasseur Israel. According to a "Golden Book" produced for the congregation's 15th anniversary, the congregation went by the name Keser Israel (, "Crown of Israel") in both Hebrew and English. However, a listing of rabbis and Jewish educators in United States colleges, published in the 1917 American Jewish Yearbook, identifies the congregation as "Kesher Israel". One explanation is that the "s" and "sh" sounds were conflated in the Lithuanian Yiddish pronunciation of the time.

History
Kesher Israel was established on October 1, 1902 by breakaway members of Chisuk Emuna B'nai Russia Synagogue. One reason for the split was feuding among synagogue members; another was dissatisfaction with Chisuk Emuna's insistence on maintaining "Old World" Lithuanian synagogue customs in America. For example, Chisuk Emuna conducted all synagogue business in Yiddish rather than English. The breakaway members believed that American culture could and should be integrated into the Orthodox practice of the synagogue. Ironically, Chisuk Emuna would eventually become a Traditional Conservative synagogue, while Kesher Israel remained Orthodox.

For its first synagogue location, Kesher Israel purchased a Baptist mission church (originally the First Free Baptist Church) at Fourth and State Streets, opposite the Pennsylvania State Capitol, for a cost of $11,500. In late 1903, members of the Chevra Talmud Torah (Talmud Torah Society) joined Kesher Israel. From 1910 to 1916 a Hasidic congregation, Machzikei Hadas, held its services in the basement of the Kesher Israel building. Kesher Israel opened a Talmud Torah in 1908 which served all Jewish residents in the city.

The congregation was forced to relocate when the buildings on State Street and throughout the Eighth Ward were razed to make way for the expansion of the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex. In 1917 the state government paid the congregation $25,000 for its property, and the congregation purchased a lot at Capitol and Briggs Street and hired a Washington, D.C. architect to design a new synagogue. The new structure was dedicated on June 23, 1918. The Moorish Revival exterior was said to resemble that of the Great Synagogue of Pilsen, while the interior design featured an "arched ceiling, indirect lighting system...[and] the Ark and the Bimah were finished in white enamel and gold". The building also sported stained glass windows "with Judaic historical designs". The principal address during the dedication was given by the noted Jewish orator, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Masliansky.  In the evening, a sacred concert was performed by Cantor Josef Rosenblatt and his choir. In 1937 the facade was renovated.

In 1945 the state government decided to further the expansion of the Capitol complex northward and paid Kesher Israel to vacate its property; the congregation received a check for $74,000 on April 11, 1947. In 1948–49 the congregation constructed its third home at North Third and Schuylkill Streets. The $325,000 structure was markedly different from its predecessor, both in its exterior, Modern design – said to convey "the congregation's self-image as 'modern orthodox'" – and its interior design. The bimah (reader's platform) was moved from the center of the room to the front, and the women's section, which formerly occupied a balcony, was situated on the same level as the men's section. The main sanctuary has capacity for 800 worshippers. Many of the stained glass windows on the exterior of the synagogue are re-creations of the windows designed by Rabbi Eliezer Silver for Kesher Israel's second home at Capitol and Briggs Streets.

In 1963 a new wing was added to accommodate a chapel for daily services, a social hall, meeting rooms, kosher kitchens, and offices. The addition brought the total size of the facility to .

The synagogue building was heavily water-damaged by Hurricane Agnes in June 1972. In 1988 the synagogue was defaced by spray-painted swastikas and the words "Death to the Jews".

By 2010, the exodus of most Jews from the surrounding neighborhood led the synagogue to put up its building for sale and announce its desire to relocate three miles to the north, next to the Jewish Community Center where most of the Jewish population now resides. However, the Orthodox community has grown in the intervening years and as of 2016 the synagogue continues to operate in midtown Harrisburg, about  away from the Orthodox neighborhoods.

In 2020 Kesher Israel purchased the former Riverside United Methodist Church on the 3000-block of North 3rd Street.

In August 2020 the synagogue building was again vandalized, with a pair of red swastikas spray-painted at the entrance.

The congregation maintains a section in the cemetery on 34th Street.

Rabbinic leadership
Rabbi Eliezer Silver, as Rav of Harrisburg, served as spiritual leader of Kesher Israel from 1907 to 1925. For the larger community, Silver established a Chevra Shas (Talmud Study Society), a Hebrew Free Loan Society, a Hachnossas Orchim (hospitality) organization, and the Harrisburg Hebrew School.

Rabbi Chaim Ben Zion Notelovitz succeeded Silver as spiritual leader of Kesher Israel from 1925 to 1932. Silver's son, Rabbi David L. Silver, then assumed the pulpit for over 50 years, from 1932 to 1983. The election of the younger Silver broke with tradition in the fact that he was English-speaking and also had a secular as well as traditional Jewish education.  He was also clean-shaven. Silver helped found the city's Jewish day school, Yeshiva Academy, a Jewish home for the elderly, and a mikveh.

Silver was succeeded by Rabbi Chaim E. Schertz, whose tenure extended from 1984 to 2008. He was succeeded by Rabbi Akiva Males, who was followed by Rabbi Elisha Friedman. Rabbi Howard Finkelstein became rabbi in January 2023.

Bibliography

Notes

References

External links

Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Pennsylvania
Ashkenazi synagogues
Religious buildings and structures in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Jews and Judaism in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Jewish organizations established in 1902
Orthodox synagogues in Pennsylvania


title: Mack Rossoff

text:
Mack Rossoff is an American financier and investment banker. He is Managing Director at GLC Advisors, LLC and the founder of Rossoff & Co., an independent financial advisory firm based in New York City. Rossoff has had a long career in investment banking, with over 39 years of experience. GLC Advisors and Rossoff & Co. operate in the United States and internationally.

Career
Rossoff started his career in 1982 with The First Boston Corporation, predecessor to Credit Suisse, where he advised Taft Broadcasting on acquisition of Gulf Broadcasting, Time Inc.’s acquisition of Scott Foresman & Co., Tri-Star Pictures on its initial public offering and Ted Turner on his junk bond offering.  At First Boston, Rossoff worked with Bruce Wasserstein and Joseph Perella and later joined them in a move to Wasserstein Perella & Co.

While with Wasserstein Perella & Co., Rossoff worked on several notable transactions, including Campeau Corporation's acquisition of Federated Department Stores, Time Inc.’s merger with Warner Communications, Inc., and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts leveraged buyout of RJR Nabisco Inc., valued at a record $25 billion.  Rossoff's role in the leveraged buyout of RJR Nabisco Inc. is referenced in Barbarians at the Gate, the best-selling book that chronicled the transaction.

Rossoff went on to be a managing director at Dillon, Read & Co. in the corporate finance department, head of corporate finance at Schroder Wertheim & Co., global head of media and entertainment at JP Morgan and managing director  and head of mergers and acquisitions at Soundview Technology Group, Inc. Following Soundview Technology Group, Rossoff joined Banc of America Securities as a managing director in the media and telecom group. While at Banc of America Securities, Rossoff advised Columbia Sussex on the $2.75 billion contested acquisition of Aztar Corp.

During his career Rossoff has been on a number of corporate boards including Director of Oneclip.com.  Rossoff is an Honorary Trustee of Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan) and was Vice Chair and Trustee of Ethical Culture Fieldston School

Early life

Rossoff grew up in Palos Verdes, California, the son of Lyn Marcella and Jerome Rosoff. He has two siblings, Bob Rossoff and Lauri Rossoff Kinney. He received his AB cum laude from Princeton University in 1974.  While at Princeton, Rossoff was Co-Winner of the 1869 Thesis Prize for best senior thesis on Ethics.  Rossoff received his MBA with Second Year Honors from Harvard Business School. He is married to attorney, Jeannette Boyer.

References

American financiers
American investment bankers
American Jews
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Businesspeople from New York (state)
People from Palos Verdes, California
Princeton University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: William Chamberlain (priest)

text:
William Chamberlain DD (d. 18 May 1666) was a Canon of Windsor from 1660 to 1666

Career
He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and graduated BA in 1640, MA in 1643, and DD in 1660.

He was appointed:
Domestic Chaplain to James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde
Rector of Orwell, Cambridge 1664 - 1666

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1660 and held the canonry until 1666.

Notes

1666 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Year of birth unknown


title: Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act

text:
The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act () is a bill that would amend the Internet Tax Freedom Act to make permanent the ban on state and local taxation of Internet access and on multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce.

The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Background
The Internet Tax Freedom Act first became law in 1998 and has had to be reauthorized several times since then. The bill was originally passed to help protect the newly developing technology. Without another renewal or permanent change, the measure would expire on December 31, 2014.

Provisions of the bill
The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act would amend the Internet Tax Freedom Act to make permanent the ban on state and local taxation of Internet access and on multiple or discriminatory taxes on electronic commerce.

Congressional Budget Office report
H.R. 3086 would make permanent a moratorium on state and local taxes on Internet access and some taxes on electronic commerce. Under current law, the moratorium was set to expire on November 1, 2014. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated that enacting H.R. 3086 would have no impact on the federal budget, but beginning in 2014, it would impose significant annual costs on some state and local governments. The bill would not affect federal direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures did not apply.

By permanently prohibiting state and local government from collecting certain types of taxes, H.R. 3086 would impose an intergovernmental mandate as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). CBO estimated that the mandate would cause some state and local governments to lose revenue beginning in November 2014; those losses would exceed the threshold established in UMRA for intergovernmental mandates ($76 million in 2014, adjusted annually for inflation) beginning in 2015. CBO estimated that the direct costs to states and local governments would probably total more than several hundred million dollars annually. The bill contains no private-sector mandates as defined in UMRA.

Procedural history
The Permanent Internet Tax Freedom Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on September 12, 2013 by Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R, VA-6). The bill was referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law. On July 3, 2014, it was reported alongside House Report 113-510. On July 15, 2014, the House voted in a voice vote to pass the bill.

A companion bill, the S.431, the Internet Tax Freedom Forever Act, was read in the Senate but not passed. Eventually, the measure was tacked onto the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, which passed the Senate by a vote of 75 to 20. That Act was signed into law on February 24, 2016.

Debate and discussion
The bill would end a grandfather clause in the original Internet Tax Freedom Act that allowed states and localities to keep charging an internet sales tax if they had already been doing so in 1998. This bill would end that grandfather clause, resulting in a handful of states losing about $500 million a year in combined taxes. Those states are Hawaii, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Rep. Goodlatte responded to the criticism of the removal of the grandfather clause by arguing that the clause was only meant to be temporary, allowing those states to find other sources of revenue, and that 16 years has been "time enough to change their tax code."

Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) wrote an op-ed in The Hill arguing strongly in favor of the bill. Goodlatte said that in "our new digital economy" a "computer and internet access serve as a gateway - if not a necessity - for the American Dream. Millions of Americans now rely on the internet to run their businesses, to educate themselves, to seek new opportunities, to research and write, and to communicate with family and friends." According to Goodlatte, the bill was necessary to protect the American people and their ability to access the internet from the high monetary barriers that would be created if states were allowed to tax internet access. Goodlatte later said that "this legislation prevents a surprise tax hike on Americans' critical services this fall."

The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities criticized the legislation, calling it "harmful" and claiming that it "would cost states up to $7 billion in potential annual revenue."

Some Democrats criticized the bill, arguing that the internet no longer needs tax protection, that more people do not use the internet in untaxed states versus taxed states, and that the bill infringes on states' rights. According to one commentator, the argument about whether this bill is an example of federal overreach "puts many politicians into a quandary by forcing them to take a stance on which they hate more: taxes or the federal government telling states what to do."

This bill does not deal with internet sales tax, the taxing of goods bought and sold over the internet.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
Marketplace Fairness Act

References

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 3086
beta.congress.gov H.R. 3086
GovTrack.us H.R. 3086
OpenCongress.org H.R. 3086
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 3086
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 3086
House Report 113-510 on H.R. 3086

Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress


title: Elisabetta Pozzi

text:
Elisabetta Pozzi (born  23 February 1955) is an Italian stage, film and television actress.

Life and career
Born in Genoa, Pozzi started to study acting during her high school years at the Teatro Stabile di Genova. She gave her debut on stage at the age of seventeen, playing the role of Romilda in an adaptation of Luigi Pirandello's The Late Mattia Pascal directed by Giorgio Albertazzi. Pozzi soon asserted herself as one of the most requested actresses of Italian theatre, notably working with Luca Ronconi, Peter Stein, Luigi Squarzina, Nanni Loy, Giancarlo Cobelli and at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan. She is also active on television and in cinema. In 1992, her role of Adriana in Carlo Verdone's Maledetto il giorno che t'ho incontrato earned her the David di Donatello Award for Best Supporting Actress.

In 2002 she played the title role of Hamlet in a production in the Teatro Farnese in Parma, directed by Walter Le Moli.

Filmography (selected)
 1978: Where Are You Going on Holiday?, dir. Mauro Bolognini, Luciano Salce and Alberto Sordi
 1980: The Mystery of Oberwald, dir. Michelangelo Antonioni
 1984: Nothing Left to Do But Cry, dir. Roberto Benigni and Massimo Troisi
 1992: Maledetto il giorno che t'ho incontrato, dir. Carlo Verdone

References

External links

Italian film actresses
Italian television actresses
Italian stage actresses
1955 births
Actors from Genoa
Living people
David di Donatello winners


title: Baskin v. Bogan

text:
Baskin v. Bogan, the lead Indiana case challenging that state's denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples, was filed in federal district court on March 12, 2014, naming several government officials as defendants. Chief Judge Richard L. Young found for the plaintiffs on June 25. A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the district court ruling in a unanimous decision on September 4.

District court proceedings
Lambda Legal filed Baskin v. Bogan in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana on March 12, 2014, on behalf of three same-sex couples, all women. Their complaint named as defendants Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller and three county clerks, with one of the county clerks, Penny Bogan, in her official capacity, as the first-named defendant.

Emergency order
Baskin took precedence over the other Indiana marriage cases because one of the plaintiffs, Nikole Quasney, was terminally ill with ovarian cancer. As to her and her partner, U.S. District Judge Richard L. Young granted immediate relief, issuing a 28-day duration emergency order on April 10 and, after oral arguments on May 8 on a motion for summary judgment, a preliminary injunction directing the state parties to recognize the validity of the Quasney's  Massachusetts marriage. In doing so, the court temporarily withdrew the motion for as to the rest of the plaintiffs, with Judge Young reasoning it makes a stronger case for the terminally ill couple while also allowing the rest a resolution on the merits without causing undue confusion in case of an appeal.

The state filed an interlocutory appeal of this limited injunction on May 9, 2014, and that portion of the case was briefed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit under the name of Baskin v. Zoeller, where it was docketed as No. 14-2037. Since the plaintiffs have since received a favorable ruling as to the broader issue of same-sex marriage in general, and that issue was appealed as well (see below), this more limited appeal was dismissed by the circuit court on July 14, 2014; with the emergency order remaining in place.

District court ruling
On June 25, 2014, the U.S. district court ruled as to the case of the remaining plaintiffs in Baskin, as well as the cases of Fujii and Lee. District Judge Richard L. Young found in favor of the plaintiff couples, granting them summary judgment and striking down Indiana's ban on same-sex marriage, while removing Indiana Governor Mike Pence from the lawsuit. Judge Young commented:

The judge found that Indiana's ban violated the Fourteenth Amendment under both due process and equal protection theories and that the state had no rational basis for instituting its ban:

Absence of stay
The district court did not issue a stay, and as a result, Indiana clerks began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples the day of the ruling. As many as 800 to 1,000 marriage licenses may have been issued in Indiana before the Seventh Circuit brought license issuance to a halt two days later.

Court of Appeals proceedings
Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller appealed the District Court's decisions in Baskin v. Bogan, Fujii (appealed sub nom. Fujii v. Commissioner of the Indiana State Dep't of Revenue), and Lee (appealed sub nom. Abbott v. Lee.) On June 27, the Seventh Circuit sua sponte consolidated the cases for briefing and disposition. On the same day, a three-judge panel of the Seventh Circuit, U.S. Circuit Judges Richard Posner, Ann Claire Williams, and David F. Hamilton, granted an emergency stay of the prevailing same-sex marriage cases for the duration of their appeal. On July 2, the same panel granted a motion for one couple's marriage to be recognized immediately because one plaintiff's terminal illness, allowing Amy Sandler and Niki Quasney to become the first same-sex couple legally married in Indiana. The Seventh Circuit set a briefing schedule to be completed on September 19.

Dismissal of interlocutory appeal
As the Baskin plaintiffs had received a favorable final ruling in U.S. district court that was appealed to the Seventh Circuit (No. 14-2386), the previous interlocutory appeal pending there (No. 14-2037) was in essence duplicate litigation. On a joint motion from the plaintiffs and defendants, on July 14, 2014, the circuit court dismissed this appeal.

Consolidation of cases

On motion from the plaintiffs, the Seventh Circuit combined Baskin and its companion cases with a similar case on appeal from the Western District of Wisconsin, Wolf v. Walker. The circuit court also expedited proceedings by ordering completion of briefings by August 5. On July 11, the state defendants filed a motion in the circuit court to have the case heard en banc. Without responding to that motion, on July 14, the Seventh Circuit scheduled oral arguments before a three-judge panel. Judges Richard Posner, David Hamilton, and Ann Claire Williams heard arguments on August 26 in this case and Wolf v. Walker.

Court of Appeals ruling
On September 4, the Seventh Circuit, in a unanimous opinion authored by Judge Richard Posner, upheld the district court decision. He wrote:

Court of Appeals stay of ruling
On September 15, the Seventh Circuit granted a motion for a stay of ruling, to be in effect until this case or one like it is resolved at the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court denial of appeal
On October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court denied a writ of certiorari to the combined appeal with Wisconsin, letting the circuit court decision stand.

References

External links
Opinion, Baskin v. Bogan and Wolf v. Walker, September 4, 2014, Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals

LGBT rights in Indiana
Legal history of Indiana
United States same-sex union case law
2014 in United States case law
2014 in Indiana
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit cases
2014 in LGBT history


title: Richard Milward (priest)

text:
Richard Milward DD ( – 20 December 1680) was a Canon of Windsor from 1666 to 1680

Career

He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and graduated BA in 1629, MA in 1632, and DD in 1662.

He was appointed:
Rector of Braxted, Essex 1643 - 1680
Vicar of Isleworth 1678 - 1680

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1666 and held the canonry until 1680.

Works
Milward acted as amanuensis to John Selden, and edited his Table Talk (1689).

Notes

1680 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Amanuenses
Year of birth unknown


title: Wolf v. Walker

text:
Wolf v. Walker is a federal lawsuit filed in February 2014 that challenged Wisconsin's refusal to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples, its refusal to recognize same-sex marriages established in other jurisdictions, and related statutes. In June 2014, Judge Barbara Crabb of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin ruled for the plaintiffs. And in the week before she stayed her decision county clerks in 60 of the state's 72 counties issued marriage licenses to same-sex couples and some performed marriage ceremonies for them. The state appealed her decision to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which affirmed her opinion in a unanimous decision on September 4. The state requested a writ of certiorari from the U.S. Supreme Court, which was denied on October 6. Same-sex marriages resumed after the Seventh Circuit issued its mandate the next day.

Filing
On February 3, 2014, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the law firm of Mayer Brown filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin on behalf of four same-sex couples, including a lesbian couple married in Minnesota in 2013. It challenged the state constitution's ban on same-sex marriage as well as Wisconsin's marriage evasion law, which makes it a crime to leave the state to establish a marriage that is not valid in Wisconsin punishable with up to nine months in jail and a fine of as much as $10,000. The suit named Governor Scott Walker, several state officials, and two county clerks as defendants.

The case was assigned to U.S. District Judge Barbara Brandriff Crabb, who scheduled a hearing for March 27. The two county clerks named as defendants supported the plaintiffs' position. District attorneys in Milwaukee and Eau Claire counties agreed not to prosecute the plaintiffs under the marriage evasion law. Prompted by Judge Crabb, who noted that several rulings against state bans of same-sex marriage in other jurisdictions had been stayed, on March 12 the plaintiffs withdrew their request for injunctions against the state's enforcement of both its ban on same-sex marriage and the marriage evasion law, and asked the court to set an expedited schedule.

District court ruling
On June 6, 2014, Crabb concluded that the state's constitutional and legislative ban on same-sex marriage interferes with the fundamental right to marry, violating the due process clause of the Constitution of the United States, and discriminates on the basis of sexual orientation, violating the equal protection clause.

Crabb concluded that "sexual-orientation discrimination is subject to heightened scrutiny" under the equal protection clause based on four factors used by the United States Supreme Court: (1) a history of discrimination, (2) an ability to "contribute to society to the same extent as others", (3) sexual orientation is immutable in the sense that "the law may not require someone to change his or her sexual orientation" and that it is "fundamental to a person's identity", and (4) being politically powerless in the sense of an "inherent vulnerab[ility] in the context of the ordinary political process, either because of...size or history of disenfranchisement." Crabb stated that the state's same-sex marriage ban must be substantially related to an important governmental objective to survive heightened scrutiny, specifically intermediate scrutiny.

The important government interests argued by the state were: "(1) preserving tradition; (2) encouraging procreation generally and 'responsible' procreation in particular; (3) providing an environment for 'optimal child rearing'; (4) protecting the institution of marriage; (5) proceeding with caution; and (6) helping to maintain other legal restrictions on marriage."

The state had argued that, "[t]he traditional view of marriage—between a man and woman...—has been recognized for millennia." Crabb stated, "the most 'traditional' form of marriage has not been between one man and one woman, but between one man and multiple women, which presumably is not a tradition that defendants and amici would like to continue...Similarly, women were deprived of many opportunities, including the right to vote, for much of this country's history, often because of 'traditional' beliefs about women's abilities...With respect to marriage in particular, there was a time when 'the very being or legal existence of [a] woman [was] suspended' when she married," referring to coverture.

Reaction
Although the ruling did not immediately issue an injunction directing state officials to stop enforcing the ban, clerks in the state's largest two counties, Milwaukee and Dane, began marrying same-sex couples on their own volition based on Judge Crabb's declaration. By the following business day, June 9, forty-two counties were issuing licenses. Wisconsin Attorney General J. B. Van Hollen filed for an emergency stay from Crabb to stop further marriages and also requested a stay from the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago. Crabb denied the emergency stay because she had not yet issued an injunction that could be stayed. She said that she had yet to decide whether county clerks can issue marriage licenses and that it was for state courts to decide if county clerks were issuing licenses in violation of state law. The Seventh Circuit also denied a stay because Crabb had not yet issued a final ruling. After consultations with the state's department of vital records, Brown and Sheboygan counties began performing same-sex marriages on June 9, though Outagamie and Door counties placed a five-day waiting period on applicants before performing ceremonies. In the case of counties performing ceremonies, the waiting period was waived with a payment of $25 in addition to the license fee to the county clerk. Sixty of Wisconsin's seventy-two counties were issuing licenses during the eight-day window.

On June 12, Attorney General Van Hollen suggested that county clerks issuing same-sex marriage licenses could be prosecuted by their county's individual district attorneys for issuing them against the advice of the attorney general's office.

Hearing on injunctive relief
The ACLU, representing the plaintiffs, submitted proposed language for injunctive relief, as directed by Judge Crabb in her original ruling. The state Office of the Attorney General, while requesting that the court "expedite its ruling and enter final judgment without further hearing or oral argument," has filed an objection to it. On one hand, attorneys for the defendants stated that the proposed injunction "is not sufficiently specific" and "hopelessly vague," and on the other hand, objected to it as "expansive in scope" and described it as "judicial legislation."

On June 13, 2014, Crabb adopted the injunction proposed by the plaintiffs, rewording it to address the concerns of vagueness expressed by the state defendants. She enjoined the defendants from enforcing the ban but stayed "all relief in this case", meaning the injunction and declaration of unconstitutionality (despite her previous finding that defendants could not cite authority to stay a declaration); this effectively ended same-sex marriage even under county clerks' own volition in Wisconsin, pending appeal. The judge expressed the view that she was bound by Supreme Court precedent to enter the stay:

Appeal
The state appealed the decision to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals on July 10. In response to a request by the original plaintiffs, the Court has combined the case for the purposes of briefing and oral argument with a similar Indiana case, Baskin v. Bogan. Judges Richard Posner, David Hamilton, and Ann Claire Williams heard arguments on August 26 in this case and Baskin v. Bogan.

On September 4, the Seventh Circuit, in a unanimous opinion authored by Judge Richard Posner, upheld the district court decision. He wrote:

On September 9, Wisconsin Attorney General Van Hollen asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the decision. The court stayed its decision before it could take effect. On October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court denied a writ of certiorari to the combined appeal, letting the circuit court decision stand. Attorney General Van Hollen subsequently issued a statement saying that, "the Seventh Circuit affirmed the District Court's decision holding Wisconsin's Marriage Protection Amendment unconstitutional, and the Supreme Court has declined the opportunity to examine that decision. It is now our obligation to comply with those court decisions."

Same-sex marriages resumed after the Seventh Circuit issued its mandate the next day.

See also
LGBT rights in Wisconsin
Domestic partnerships in Wisconsin
Same-sex marriage in Wisconsin

References

External links
 Wolf v. Walker Opinion and Order, June 6, 2014, U.S. District Court
Opinion, Baskin v. Bogan and Wolf v. Walker, September 4, 2014, Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals

2014 in LGBT history
LGBT in Wisconsin
Wisconsin law
United States same-sex union case law
2014 in United States case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit cases
2014 in Wisconsin


title: Satellite FC Abidjan

text:
Satellite FC is an Ivorian football club based in Abidjan.

The team plays in the Championnat Division 3 the Ivorian Third Division.

Stadium
Currently the team plays at the 7000 capacity Stade Imam Ali Timité.

Notable players
Serge Maguy
Issa Zongo
Guillaume Dah Zadi

Performance in CAF competitions
2002 CAF Cup: semi-final

References

External links
Profile
Futbol24
Es.Wiki

Football clubs in Abidjan
Sports clubs and teams in Ivory Coast


title: 1910 Aberdare Urban District Council election

text:
The Aberdare Urban District Council was established in 1894 and covered the parish of Aberdare. Its responsibilities included public health, sanitation, roads and public works generally.

There were five wards, namely Aberaman (also known as No. 5 Ward), Blaengwawr (also known as No. 4 Ward), Gadlys (also known as No. 2 Ward), Llwydcoed (also known as No. 1 Ward), and the Town Ward (also known as No. 3 Ward).  Originally, one member was elected from each ward on an annual basis, but from 1904 an additional member was granted to each ward, resulting in the election of ten members, out of a total of twenty, every three years. At the intervening election, one member continued to be elected.

An election was held in April 1910. It was preceded by the 1909 election and followed by the 1911 election. The term of office of members elected at the 1907 election came to an end and those elected were to serve until 1913.

(*) denotes sitting member

Results

Aberaman Ward (two seats)

Blaengwawr Ward (two seats)

Gadlys Ward

Llwydcoed Ward (two seats)

Town Ward (two seats)

References

Bibliography

1910
1910 Welsh local elections


title: Michael Stanhope (priest)

text:
Michael Stanhope DD (1681-1737) was a Canon of Windsor from 1730 to 1737

Early life
Stanhope was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and graduated BA in 1702, MA in 1705, and DD in 1717. He married  Penelope Lovell, daughter of Sir Salathiel Lovell.

Career
Stanope was appointed:
Prebendary of Oxgate in St Paul's 1711 - 1737
Rector of St Mary's Church, East Leake 1717
Stanhope was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1730 and held the canonry until 1737.

Later years and legacy
Stanhope died in about 1737. He had four sons
Arthur Charles Stanhope (1715-1770)
Sir Thomas Stanhope (1717-1770)
Ferdinand Stanhope (1718-1790)
His youngest son Lovell Stanhope (1720-1783) was a lawyer, administrator and politician.

Notes

1737 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Year of birth unknown
Michael


title: Papyrus Vindobonensis Greek 39777

text:
The Papyrus Vindobonensis Graecus 39777 signed as SymP.Vindob.G.39777 – is a fragment of a Greek manuscript of the Psalms of the translation of Symmachus. It was written in papyrus in a scroll form. The papyrus contains fragments of Psalm 69 and Psalm 81 (as the numeration of the Septuagint is Psalms 68 and 80). The P.Vindob.G.39777 is dated to late third century or beginning fourth century AD.

This manuscript probably comes from the Fayum in Egypt.

History

It was published by the Dr. Carl Wessely in his work Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde, Vol. XI., Leipzig, 1911, pag. 171.

Description

The manuscript probably originally contained large portions of the Book of Psalms. The traduction of Symmachs was a part of the Hexapla and Tetrapli, the work contains the translations of the Hebrew to Greek Bible, it was written by Origen. According to Bruce M. Metzger, the Greek translation of Hebrew Bible prepared by Symmachus was realised with a different method that the translation of Aquila, because his intention was not a literal translation, rather an elegant message from the Hebrew to Greek text.

Tegragrammaton

The papyrus contains the tetragrammaton written in archaic Hebrew characters in Ps 69:13, 30 and 31.

Location

The Papyrus Vindobonensis Graecus 39777 is kept at the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library at Vienna as (P. Vindob. G. 39777).

References

External links
 Picture of the Papyrus P.Vindob.G.39777 with the Tetragrammaton selected
 Picture of the Papyrus P.Vindob.G.39777

Psalms
3rd-century biblical manuscripts
4th-century biblical manuscripts


title: Es Figueral

text:
Es Figueral is a small resort village and beach on the northeastern coast of Ibiza, near the Illa de Tagomago.
The village, is part of the city of Santa Eularia des Riu.

References

Populated places in Ibiza
Beaches of Ibiza
Beaches of the Balearic Islands


title: 2003 Rother District Council election

text:
The 2003 Rother District Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Rother District Council in East Sussex, England. The whole council was up for election after boundary changes reduced the number of seats by 7. The Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

Background
Originally a total of 81 candidates stood for the 37 seats that were to be elected after the boundary changes, comprising 37 Conservatives, 32 Liberal Democrats, 12 Labour and 3 independents. However the death of a Liberal Democrat candidate for Rother Levels meant the election in that ward was delayed until 12 June and so 75 candidates stood for the 35 seats that were contested on 1 May.

Both the Conservative leader of East Sussex County Council, Peter Jones, and the leader of the Liberal Democrat group on Rother District Council, Stephen Hardy, stood down from the council at the election.

Election result
The Conservatives continued to hold a strong majority on the council winning 13 of the 18 seats in Bexhill, compared to 2 each for the Liberal Democrat and Labour parties, and 1 independent. In the remaining rural areas of the council that were elected on 1 May, 9 Conservatives, 6 Liberal Democrats, 1 Labour and 1 independent councillors were elected.

The delayed election in Rother Levels on 12 June had the Conservatives win both seats.

The above totals include the delayed election in Rother Levels on 12 June 2003.

Ward results

Rother Levels delayed election
The election in Rother Levels was delayed until 12 June 2003 after the death of a Liberal Democrat candidate Julian Emery.

By-elections between 2003 and 2007

Bexhill Sackville September 2004
A by-election took place in Bexhill Sackville on 9 September 2004 after the resignation of Conservative councillor Jean Hopkinson when she moved to New Zealand. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Graham Oliver with a majority of 184 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

Bexhill St Stephens
A by-election was held in Bexhill St Stephens on 29 September 2005 after the death of Conservative councillor William Clements. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Paul Lendon by a majority of 111 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

Ticehurst and Etchingham
A by-election was held in Ticehurst and Etchingham on 17 November 2005 after Conservative councillor John Potter moved away. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Robert Elliston with a majority of 367 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

Bexhill Kewhurst
A by-election was held in Bexhill Kewhurst on 4 May 2006 after Conservative councillor Martin Horscroft resigned from the council. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Martin Kenward with a majority of 616 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

Bexhill Sackville May 2006
A by-election was held in Bexhill Sackville on 4 May 2006 after Conservative councillor Graham Oliver resigned from the council. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Keith Standring with a majority of 89 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

Bexhill St Marks
A by-election was held in Bexhill St Marks on 4 May 2006 after Conservative councillor Stuart Earl resigned from the council. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Patrick Douart with a majority of 325 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

References

2003
2003 English local elections
2000s in East Sussex


title: John Hallam (priest)

text:
John Hallam DD (1728  – 26 August 1811) was a Canon of Windsor from 1775 to 1811.

Family

He was the father of the historian Henry Hallam.

Career

He was educated at Boston Grammar School before being removed to Eton College in 1743. He entered King's College, Cambridge in 1748 and graduated BA in 1753, MA in 1756, and DD in 1781.

He was appointed:
Dean of Bristol 1781–1800

He was appointed to the sixth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1775 and held the canonry until 1811.

Notes

1728 births
1811 deaths
Canons of Windsor
Deans of Bristol
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
People educated at Eton College
People educated at Boston Grammar School
Date of birth unknown