title: Five Moons Square

text:
Five Moons Square (), also known as Five Moons Plaza and Piazza of the Five Moons, is a 2003 political thriller film written and directed by Renzo Martinelli, who had also directed Porzûs (1997) and Vajont (2001). It is inspired by Italian politician Aldo Moro's kidnapping and murder by the Red Brigades (BR) terrorist group; the film presents a possible reconstruction of this story within a fictive conspiracy theory.

Background
On 16 March 1978, around 9 am, a BR commando stationed in Rome's via Fani opened fire on the escort of Moro, kidnapping him and killing the police agents Raffaele Iozzino, Oreste Leonardi, Domenico Ricci, Giulio Rivera, and Francesco Zizzi. One notable hypothesis for the kidnapping's motive was blocking Moro's Historic Compromise with the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which would allow the PCI to become part of the Italian government.

Prior to Five Moons Square, Martinelli directed several other films, such as Porzûs (about the Porzûs massacre) and Vajont (about the Vajont disaster). In Five Moons Square, Martinelli advances the hypothesis that the BR had been manipulated by the secret services to stop Moro's proposal and the PCI's road to government, placing it in the context of other Years of Lead events, such as the Piazza della Loggia bombing and Piazza Fontana bombing (both of them committed by the far-right terrorists of Ordine Nuovo), as well as the Italicus Express bombing (by the far-right terrorists of Ordine Nero).

Regarding Moro's death, his daughter, , discussed the outcomes of the ordeal her father suffered. She said: "I am 56 years old and since I reached the age of reason, therefore around seven years of age, I know with absolute certainty that part or all of my family will end up in a pool of blood. I always knew. My entire childhood was marred by the fact that my father and mother had threatened to take away my younger brothers and send them back cut into pieces in a suitcase." She added: "I lived like this. I absolutely didn't want a child because I didn't want to start experiencing these things again. Then the Moro case happened... and this is our life." She said that in 1974, after their trip to the United States, Moro had decided to leave politics but then his nephew, Luca Moro, was born in September 1975. She recalled an episode when Moro, talking to his mother in front of the nursery, told her: "I can't leave [politics], because they will definitely kill me, but I have to delay the catastrophe that hangs over our country for these children."

Plot

Rosario Saracini, a judge and chief prosecutor of Siena, is about to retire and receives an old film in Super 8 format, which was shot years earlier. The film contains footage of Moro's kidnapping which took place in via Fani, Rome, in April 1978. Saracini reveals this secret to his colleague, Fernanda Doni, and his bodyguard, Branco. The three passionately reconstruct the phases of the kidnapping. Branco notices a gentleman wearing a raincoat in the via Fani assault footage. In Milan, Saracini has the images enlarged so he can see the man's face. In the image, he recognizes him as Camillo Guglielmi, a colonel of SISMI (Italy's military intelligence agency from 1977 to 2007) who belonged to the clandestine military Operation Gladio. This leads Saracini, Doni, and Branco to start a new investigation twenty-five years after Moro's murder.

New investigations are carried out by Doni, focusing on the hideout of the Red Brigades in via Gradoli. Other anomalies emerge regarding the three committees set up by Francesco Cossiga, whose members are all affiliated with Propaganda Due (P2), and appear to be connected with the American secret services. During the investigations, Doni's children disappear, but Branco brings them home. Further strange events occur, as Doni loses her husband in an accident in which her children are also involved.  After the funeral, Saracini is in the car with Branco, and an aircraft dispenses toxic gas over the car. The two escape the attack. After a phone call from the chief prosecutor of the Republic, Saracini goes to Rome for an appointment in Piazza delle Cinque Lune. Saracini goes up the stairs and arrives in front of a door which says Immobiliare Domino. In the room, he finds Branco with other people. He now understands that the bodyguard is a traitor whose task was to spy on the investigations and take possession of all the documents of the . One of those letters is read by Cesare Barbetti.

The film ends with a shot that starts from Piazza delle Cinque Lune, then widens from above to frame the whole of Rome. The maze of streets and alleys of the capital is highlighted in white, as if to form a large spider web, with the starting building in the centre. A famous aphorism by Solon appears superimposed. The closing credits are accompanied by an image of Luca Moro, Moro's nephew and the author of the film's songs, who plays the song "Maledetti Voi (Signori del Potere)" ("Shame on You (Lords of the Power)" on the guitar. The background is filled with images of Moro playing with his nephew, who was still a child at the time.

Cast
 Donald Sutherland: Rosario Saracini
 Giancarlo Giannini: Branco
 Stefania Rocca: Fernanda Doni
 F. Murray Abraham: The Entity
 : Ombretta Saracini
 Greg Wise: Francesco Doni
 Nicola Di Pinto: Antiquary

Reception
In his review for La Repubblica, Paolo D'Agostini wrote: "We all know that this film, on screens on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the macabre discovery in via Caetani, recalls the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro. With the civil awareness, on the part of director Renzo Martinelli (of Vajont and Porzus), that he is dealing with 'the most important event in Italian history of the last half century'." In his review for Variety, Dennis Harvey wrote: "A somewhat old-fashioned political thriller complete with graying stars and emphasis on talk over action, 'Piazza of the Five Moons' offers reasonably engrossing intrigue as easy to forget as it is to watch. Putting a fictive conspiracy-theory spin on Christian Democratic leader Aldo Moro's 1978 kidnapping and murder, drama toplines Donald Sutherland as a retired judge drawn to reopen the case and Giancarlo Giannini as his longtime bodyguard. Outside Italy, where events remain a vivid memory, smoothly mounted item will find either quick, modest theatrical playoff or a direct track to ancillary."

In his Palcoscenico review, Osvaldo Contenti wrote: "'Five Moons Square' is the effective demonstration that it is possible to tell important chapters of Italian history with a modern film language, full of suspense and action. In this key, Renzo Martinelli's film explores the 'Moro affair' with a philological attention worthy of the best Francesco Rosi (see 'The Mattei Affair'), but with a greatly accentuated rhythm and inserts of dramaturgical fiction aimed at fueling the pathos of the narrative. The author had already provided us with excellent evidence of investigative films with a high level of dynamism with the previous 'Porzus' (1997) and 'Vajont' (2001), but in this new film Martinelli surpasses himself because his work rewrites and rekindles the spotlight on the most dramatic Italian event of the post-war period: the kidnapping and subsequent assassination of the Hon. Aldo Moro by the Red Brigades." He concluded that "the film makes use of the splendid performances of Donald Sutherland, Giancarlo Giannini, Stefania Rocca, and Murray Abraham, a qualitative poker of aces that enhances a film already of excellent stylistic workmanship."

For Mymovies.it, Davide Verrazzani wrote: "Renzo Martinelli, now in his fourth film, confirms himself as an uncomfortable interpreter of our most recent past. After the internal wars between partisans and the Vajont tragedy, he concludes a cycle by scripting the Moro kidnapping in a thriller style. He doesn't lack courage, nor the means, but the profession and a fat wallet are not enough to transform history into film, and Martinelli remains anchored to the past as director of commercials, with the ability to find effective shots and the marginality of dialogues and environments." He concluded: "The result is a film that adds nothing to the story of Moro's kidnapping, still full of secrets, leaving out any attempt at a civil complaint and instead aping the most popular television dramas."

In his review for , Fabio Stellato wrote: "Renzo Martinelli brings to the screen the not new and not far-fetched version according to which the death of Aldo Moro was the result of an international conspiracy which included, in addition to the Red Brigades, the Italian secret services, and the CIA, with the aim of preventing the Historic Compromise that Moro was to reach and that he would see PCI and DC in government together; at the time it was, in fact, unacceptable for a Communist party to be part of the government of a Western country." He concluded: "Set in an evocative Siena, the film is, however, not unforgettable, and if the historical reconstruction is detailed and well done, the screenplay that serves as its backdrop is rather banal and a final coup de thèatre (far from unexpected) is not enough to redeem it."

In her review for , Claudia Catalli wrote: "This film by Enzo Martinelli, distributed by the Istituto Luce, is striking. It is striking for the impeccable precision of the screenplay, for the effective photographic rendering, for the meticulous and faithful historical reconstruction, as well as for the good interpretation of the actors and last but not least the great direction, capable of making the film slide along different levels, from the detective to thriller, action film, drama, historical, sentimental." She concluded: "Finally, the film is actually divided into two parts — in the first we witness a scrupulous historical reconstruction of the kidnapping, studied and dissected by the magistrates down to the smallest detail, while in the second, decidedly more intriguing, the camera carefully follows all the moves of the witty Saracini, silently spying at the same time on the opponent's counterattack, as in a thrilling game of chess where, however, there is no real winner. Or rather, the one who cheats wins, the one who manages to disguise his identity until the last moment; the subterfuge, the lies, the cobwebs of an evil policy win. At the final screen the message of the film is delivered, an unforgettable message for its cursed, raw truth: 'Justice is like a spider's web: it holds back the small insects, while the large ones pierce the web and remain free' (Solon)."

The il Davinotti review compared the Moro affair to the assassination of John F. Kennedy. They described it as a "full-blown thriller, in short, with some gross digressions into the private (a flaw that was also partly the fault of the amazing JFK) and a heartfelt interpretation by Donald Sutherland. The reliability of the new hypotheses remains to be established, but if nothing else it leads to precise and disturbing conclusions. Aldo Moro appears almost in the background, a simple cog in a gigantic mechanism." They concluded that "the hunt for the fateful memorial is still open".

Post-film developments related to the Moro affair
The opening credits indicate the collaboration as historical consultant of Flamigni, who was part of the parliamentary commission of inquiry into the Moro case and provided his interpretation for the reconstruction of the facts present in the film. The film's confession of the mysterious terminally ill former BR member would have anticipated some events that occurred a few years after the release of the film, namely the 2009 discovery of a letter, which was brought to light by a former police inspector. The letter references the mysterious men on board a Honda motorbike linked to the secret services. The sender claimed to have been a former secret agent involved in the Moro case in the service of Guglielmi. The presence of Guglielmi himself, which was declared as random, was in fact ascertained in the vicinity of the ambush in via Fani as early as 1991. Martinelli stated that the man could hardly have been influenced by his film and that, in his opinion, it was a truly possible lead.

See also
 Cinema of Italy
 Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
 Kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
 List of Italian films of 2003
 The Mattei Affair
 The Moro Affair
 Political fiction

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Il caso Moro al cinema at Reteblu (in Italian)

2000s English-language films
2000s Italian films
2003 films
2003 drama films
2003 thriller films
English-language Italian films
Films directed by Renzo Martinelli
Films set in Rome
Films set in Siena
Italian thriller films


title: Costillares (Madrid)

text:
Costillares , also known as Pinar de Chamartín , is a neighborhood part of the Ciudad Lineal district, in north Madrid, Spain.

Neighborhood
The neighborhood has 18,601 residents. It is named for a pinar (a small forest of pine trees) near the larger district of Chamartín. The current-day neighborhood, however, is located within the district of Ciudad Lineal.

Station

The station is the terminus for Line 1, Line 4 and the Metro Ligero line 1. As the 1 is one of the most important lines in all of Madrid, the 4 serves the local area of Hortaleza, and the ML1 serves the nearby Cercanías station in the new and expanding neighborhood of Sanchinarro, this station sees a high amount of traffic for being in a relatively low-population neighborhood far removed from the city center.

The station appears in the movie Doctor Zhivago and the neighborhood appears in the Spanish-language movie La cabina.

References

Ciudad Lineal
Wards of Madrid


title: 1896 United States elections

text:
The 1896 United States elections elected the 55th United States Congress. Republicans won control of the Presidency and maintained control of both houses of Congress. The election marked the end of the Third Party System and the start of the Fourth Party System, as Republicans would generally dominate politics until the 1930 elections. Political scientists such as V.O. Key, Jr. argue that this election was a realigning election, while James Reichley argues against this idea on the basis that the Republican victory in this election merely continued the party's post-Civil War dominance. The election took place in the aftermath of the Panic of 1893, and featured a fierce debate between advocates of bimetallism ("free silver") and supporters of the gold standard.

In the Presidential election, Republican former Governor William McKinley of Ohio defeated Democratic former Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska. McKinley took the Republican nomination on the first ballot, while Bryan took the Democratic nomination on the fifth ballot (at age 36, he became youngest presidential nominee of a major party), defeating former Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland and several other candidates. Bryan's Cross of Gold speech, in which he advocated for "free silver," helped deliver him the Democratic nomination, and also attracted the support of the Populist Party and the Silver Republican Party. Though Bryan carried most of the South and the West, McKinley won a comfortable margin in both the electoral college and the popular vote by carrying the Northeast and the Great Lakes region.

Democrats won major gains in the House, but Republicans continued to command a large majority in the chamber. The Populists also won several seats, holding more seats in the House than any third party since the Civil War.

In the Senate, the Republicans maintained their plurality, keeping control of the same number of seats. The Democrats lost several seats, while the Silver Republicans established themselves for the first time with five seats. Republican William P. Frye won election as President pro tempore.

See also
 1896 United States presidential election
 1896 United States House of Representatives elections
 1896–97 United States Senate elections
 1896 United States gubernatorial elections

References

Further reading

 Beito, David T., and Linda Royster Beito. "Gold Democrats and the decline of classical liberalism, 1896–1900." The Independent Review 4.4 (2000): 555–575.

 Bernstein, Irving. "Samuel Gompers and Free Silver, 1896." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 29.3 (1942): 394–400. online
 Budgor, Joel, et al. "The 1896 election and congressional modernization: An appraisal of the evidence." Social Science History 5.1 (1981): 53–90.
 Bullough, William A. "The steam beer handicap: Chris Buckley and the San Francisco municipal election of 1896." California Historical Quarterly 54.3 (1975): 245–262. online
 Crow, Jeffrey J. "" Fusion, Confusion, and Negroism": Schisms among Negro Republicans in the North Carolina Election of 1896." North Carolina Historical Review 53.4 (1976): 364-384. online
  Diamond, William, "Urban and Rural Voting in 1896," American Historical Review, (1941) 46#2 pp. 281–305 in JSTOR
 Edelman, Susan Scheiber. "A Red Hot Suffrage Campaign: The Woman Suffrage Cause in California, 1896." California Supreme Court Historical Society Yearbook 2 (1995): 49+.
 Eichengreen, Barry, et al. "Populists at the polls: Economic factors in the 1896 presidential election." No. w23932. National Bureau of Economic Research (2017). online
 Ellis, Elmer. "The Silver Republicans in the Election of 1896." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 18.4 (1932): 519–534. online
 Ettinger, Brian Gary. "John Fitzpatrick and the limits of working-class politics in New Orleans, 1892-1896." Louisiana History (1985): 341–367. online

  Harpine, William D.  From the Front Porch to the Front Page: McKinley and Bryan in the 1896 Presidential Campaign (2006) focus on the speeches and rhetoric online

 Kunze, Joel. "Shameful Venality: The Pierce-Wallace Controversy and the election of 1896." The Palimpsest 71.1 (1990): 2–11. fraud in Iowa online
 McCormick, Richard L. "Walter Dean Burnham and “The System of 1896”." Social Science History 10.3 (1986): 245-262.
 Niswonger, Richard L. "Arkansas and the Election of 1896." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 34.1 (1975): 41–78. online
 Nussbaum, Raymond O. "'The Ring Is Smashed!': The New Orleans Municipal Election of 1896." Louisiana History 17.3 (1976): 283–297. online
 Rogin, Michael. "California Populism and the" System of 1896"." Western Political Quarterly 22.1 (1969): 179-196. online
 Stevens, S. K. "The election of 1896 in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania History 4.2 (1937): 65–87. online
 Stonecash, Jeffrey M.; Silina, Everita. "The 1896 Realignment," American Politics Research, (Jan 2005) 33#1 pp. 3–32.
 Uzee, Philip D. "The Republican Party in the Louisiana Election of 1896." Louisiana History 2.3 (1961): 332–344. online
 Wanat, John and Karen Burke, "Estimating the Degree of Mobilization and Conversion in the 1890s: An Inquiry into the Nature of Electoral Change," American Political Science Review, (1982) 76#2 pp. 360–70 in JSTOR

 Williams, R. Hal. (2010) Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896 (UP of Kansas) 250 pp
 Wish, Harvey. "John Peter Altgeld and the Election of 1896." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1937) 30#3: 353–384. online

Primary sources
  Bryan, William Jennings. The First Battle: A Story of the Campaign of 1896 (1897), speeches from 1896 campaign.

 This is the handbook of the Gold Democrats and strongly opposed Bryan.

1896 elections in the United States
1896


title: Rosetta Head

text:
Rosetta Head, known as Kongkengguwar by the Ramindjeri people but more commonly known as The Bluff, is a headland located on the south coast of Fleurieu Peninsula  in Encounter Bay, South Australia, within the local government area of the City of Victor Harbor. It is a prominent landmark on the coast, about  south of the state capital of Adelaide,  and currently used as a recreational reserve.

Description
Rosetta Head is located in the suburb of Encounter Bay about  south-west by south of the centre of Victor Harbor and about  south of Adelaide.
When viewed from a platform such as a ship, it appears as being "a grassy mound,  high, cliffy on its E[ast] side, and covered with granite boulders; it is steep-to on its E[ast] and S[outh] sides."
Its southern tip is considered by Australian authorities as being the western extent of Encounter Bay.  On its northern side, there is a small wharf which is connected to the adjoining urban area by a road and which adjoins a body of water is known as Rosetta Harbor.  On its southern side, there is a small cove called Petrel Cove.

Formation, geology and oceanography
Rosetta Head as a headland was formed when the sea reached its present level 7,500 years ago after sea levels started to rise at the start of the Holocene.  As a landform, it is a large domed inselberg which is considered to be "the most prominent feature along Encounter Bay coastline" and whose form is due to its origins via the geological processes of metamorphism and intrusion followed by two phases of erosion; firstly via the action of a northward-moving glacier during the Permian which created the distinctive dome shape and then by wave action from the south due to the sea level rise during the Holocene.  When viewed from the adjoining coastline, it is considered to be a typical example of a glacial terrain known as a roche moutonnee.
Geologically, Rosetta Head is the result of the intrusion of molten granite (known as Encounter Bay Granite) into a grey metamorphic rock (known as the Kanmantoo group), which was subsequently elevated as part of a mountain-building event known as the Delamerian Orogeny between 475 and 500 million years ago.
The water adjoining the base of Rosetta Head drops to a maximum depth of  within a distance of  of its shore.

History

Aboriginal occupation
Although traditional ownership of Encounter Bay has long been ascribed to the Ramindjeri clan of the Ngarrindjeri people, linguist Rob Amery of the University of Adelaide suggested in a 1998 paper that Kaurna traditional lands "may have extended as far eastward as Encounter Bay and that the occupation of Encounter Bay by the Ramindjeri in the late 1830s may have been a response to the activities of whalers in the area". He also notes that the "Encounter Bay people" mentioned in 1836 by Colonel Light and his party at Rapid Bay in 1836 spoke the Kaurna language.

European discovery and use
Rosetta Head was the site of a whaling station, with its peak used as a look-out point to locate whales.  The station was established in 1837 and operated until the early 1860s.
The wharf, an adjacent sea wall and the connecting road were completed in 1856 by the SA Government to assist whaling industry activity.  The wharf was known as the "Lilliputian Jetty" due to its relatively small size, i.e.  wide by  deep.  A mine was established on Rosetta Head in 1863 to search for copper and other minerals until the abandonment of the venture in 1866.  A tablet set into a granite boulder located near Rosetta Head's summit was unveiled on 8 April 1902 by the Governor of South Australia, The Right Honourable Hallam, Baron Tennyson, KCMG to commemorate the centenary of the meeting of the European explorers, Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin, in nearby waters.

Naming

The Ramindjeri language name for Encounter Bay was Ramong, although some sources ascribe this name to The Bluff only. The name Kongkengguwar is however more commonly ascribed to The Bluff.

Rosetta Head was given its modern name in 1839 after Rosetta French, the wife of George Fife Angas reportedly by George Gawler, the second Governor of South Australia. The use of the name "The Bluff" which is the most commonly used name for the headland is attributed to whalers operating in the locality prior to the adoption of the name Rosetta Head.

Heritage listings
Rosetta Head  was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate on 21 October 1980. It was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 1 September 1983.

Current land use
Rosetta Head is used as a public recreation reserve which is managed by the City of Victor Harbor.  A walking trail ascends to the summit where views of the adjoining coastline including the Victor Harbor urban area and the nearby islands are available as well as the opportunity to observe southern right whales in the nearby waters between the months of May and November.  As of 2007, a proposal existed to connect the Rosetta Head walking trail to the Heysen Trail to its west via a trail following the coastline.
A sandy beach on the north side of Rosetta Head is notable as a site for swimming while the wharf is used for recreational fishing.  A sandy beach on the south side of the head at Petrel Cove is known for its surfing and surf fishing but is considered to be a hazardous location for swimming.  The sea around Rosetta Head is a popular site for recreational diving and is notable as a place to see Leafy sea dragons.

Gallery

References

Headlands of South Australia
South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
South Australian Heritage Register
Fleurieu Peninsula
Whaling stations in Australia


title: Love Is Eternal While It Lasts

text:
Love Is Eternal While It Lasts (, also known as Love Is Eternal, as Long as It Lasts) is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film written, directed and starred by Carlo Verdone. For her performance Laura Morante won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actress.

Plot
Gilberto is an optician who has grown dissatisfied with his marriage. His wife Tiziana, a psychologist, is too neurotic, and his daughter Marta is going through typical adolescent difficulties and has grown withdrawn with family and school.
Gilberto attends a speed-dating event, meeting various strangers and making up for the occasion a fake story, claiming to be a widower. Among various strange characters, he seems to encounter a charming girl, Stella, who also reciprocates his interest, but the occasion is cut short. The day after Gilberto is summoned by the police, together with the other participants to the event, because Stella has gone missing. Tiziana discovers this way his lie and extra-conjugal adventure, and makes a big scene, no longer trusting her husband. He is thrown out of his house, but finds hospitality with his friend Andrea and his wife, Carlotta.
They get along very well, but it also becomes clear that Carlotta too is dissatisfied with the husband's controlling attitude. Although trying to support Gilberto also in creating some new relationships, she gets progressively attracted by the man, and eventually betrays with him Andrea. At the same time, it turns out that Tiziana too had been having an affair, on a much larger scale than Gilberto's flirting with some strangers. Gilberto gives up on her, but their daughter Marta is also severely hit by the loss of trust toward all authority figures within the family. She starts dating a boy from school and seems to grow quickly more independent through the crisis, eventually starting to take courage in facing life and the uncertain future ahead.
Carlotta and Gilberto continue to see each others, and appear to find some mutually acceptable arrangement in an open relationship. Andrea tries dating Stella, but that relationship too ends up badly.

Cast
 Carlo Verdone: Gilberto Mercuri
 Laura Morante: Tiziana Lombardi
 Stefania Rocca: Carlotta
 Rodolfo Corsato: Andrea
 Lucia Ceracchi: Marta Mercuri
 Gabriella Pession: Stella
 Antonio Catania: Guido
 Elisabetta Rocchetti: Carolina

See also
 List of Italian films of 2004

References

External links

2004 films
Italian romantic comedy films
2004 romantic comedy films
Films directed by Carlo Verdone
2000s Italian-language films
2000s Italian films


title: Bernat Soria

text:
Bernat Soria Escoms (born 7 May 1951) is a Spanish scientist. He is also affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, for whom he served as Minister of Health from 2007 to 2009.

He was educated at the University of Valencia (MD, PhD), and completed his postdoctoral studies at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry and the University of East Anglia where he was a Senior Research Associate in the School of Biological Sciences.

He has been Visiting Professor at the National University of Singapore (2001-2005), President of the European Stem Cell Network and President of the European Association of Biophysical Societies (EBSA, 2000-2004). He has previously held positions such as the presidency of the Spanish Diabetes Society (SED) and its Foundation (FSED), the Spanish Biophysical Society (SBE) and the Spanish Society of Physiological Sciences (SECF).
He has published more than 160 research articles (Web of Science; PubMed) and edited several books. His scientific production has received more than 11.000 citations in the fields of stem cell research, diabetes, biophysics of pancreatic islets and their pathophysiology. He was a pioneer in the field of differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells (his publication in the journal Diabetes (2000), with more than 1.200 citations belongs to the group of "Highly Cited Papers").

He is currently a Researcher in the Institut of Bioengineering and the Health Research Institut (ISABIAL) of the Alicante University Hospital and chairs the Andalusian Foundation for Research and Development (FAID).
Among other recognitions, he has received the Prize and Gold Medal of the Royal National Academy of Medicine, the Alberto Sols Prize for Research in Health Sciences, the Galien International Prize, the Andalusian Medal and, more recently, His Majesty the King Juan Carlos I, granted him the Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos III. He is Doctor Honoris causa by the Scientific Universities of the South (2013) and the National Mayor of San Marcos, Lima (2014). In 2015 he was appointed Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom, a consultative body of the British Crown for the assistance and teaching of Medicine, founded by Enrique VIII, is now celebrating his first 500 years, becoming the first Spanish to receive this recognition

References

1951 births
Living people
University of Valencia alumni
Academics of the University of East Anglia
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
People from Ribera Alta (comarca)
Health ministers of Spain


title: Types of e-commerce

text:
There are many types of e-commerce models, based on market segmentation, that can be used to conducted business online. The 6 types of business models that can be used in e-commerce include: Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Consumer-to-Business (C2B), Business-to-Business (B2B), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), Business-to-Administration (B2A), and Consumer-to-Administration

 Business-to-business (B2B)

B2B e-commerce refers to the sale of goods or services between businesses via an online sales portal. While sometimes the buyer is the end user, often the buyer resells to the consumer. This type of e-commerce typically applies to the relationship between producers and wholesalers; it may additionally remain applied to the relationship between the producers or the wholesalers and the retailers themselves. However, the same relationship can also occur between service providers and business organizations. B2B typically requires more venture capital and a longer sales cycle, but results in higher order value and more recurring purchases.

As newer generations become decision makers in business, B2B ecommerce will become more important. In 2015, Google found that close to half of B2B buyers were millennials—nearly double the amount reported in 2012.

Examples of this model are ExxonMobil Corporation, the Chevron Corporation, Boeing, and Archer-Daniels-Midland. These businesses have custom, enterprise ecommerce platforms that work directly with other businesses in a closed environment.

The advantages of B2B e-commerce include:

 Convenience: While companies can sell through physical storefronts or take transactions by phone, B2B commerce often takes place online, where companies advertise their products and services, allow for demonstrations and make it easy to place bulk orders. Sellers also benefit from efficient order processing thanks to this digital transaction model.

 Higher profits: B2B companies often sell their items in wholesale quantities, allowing buyers to receive a good deal and restock less often. Larger order numbers lead to higher potential sales and additional profits for B2B sellers. At the same time, the ease of advertising to other businesses through B2B websites can help cut marketing costs and boost conversion rates.

 Huge market potential: From business software and consulting services to bulk materials and specialized machinery, B2B sellers can target a large market of companies across industries. At the same time, they have the flexibility of specializing in an area like technology to become a leader in the field.

 Improved security: Since contracts are a common part of B2B commerce, there's some security for both buyers and sellers in that there's less concern that one will pay and the other will deliver goods as promised. Since sales usually get tracked digitally, it's also more secure in that B2B sellers can track and monitor their financial results.

The disadvantages of B2B e-commerce include:

 More complex setup process: Getting started as a B2B retailer takes work to figure out how to get customers who stay dedicated and make large-enough orders. This often requires thorough research to advertise to potential businesses, set up a custom ordering system and adapt quickly when sales are underwhelming;

 Limits to sales: While B2B companies can sell a lot, they do miss out on potential sales to individual customers. The smaller pool of business buyers and the need to negotiate contracts can put some limits on profits, especially when the company loses key buyers to other competitors;

 Need for B2B sellers to stand out: At the same time, the B2B market has many companies competing and selling similar products and services. Sellers often need to cut prices and find special ways to grab companies' attention to succeed in the market;

 Special ordering experience needed: B2B companies selling online need to put much effort into designing a website and ordering system that buyers find easy to use. This means presenting product and service information clearly, offering online demos or consultations and using order forms with appropriate options for quantities and any special customization needed.
 Complex payment process: B2B online payment solutions are both time-consuming and expensive for both parties. The buyer has to be credit checked, they'll often negotiate payment terms and trade discounts and the business will manually have to create a custom invoice.

 Business-to-consumer (B2C)

Business-to-consumer (B2C), or direct-to-consumer, is the most common e-commerce model. It deals in electronic business relationships between businesses—both producers and service providers—with end consumers. Many people like this method of e-commerce as it allows them to shop around for the best prices, read customer reviews, and often find different products that they would not otherwise be exposed to in the physical retail world. This e-commerce category also enables businesses to develop a more personalized relationship with their customers.

Anything one buys online as a consumer is done as part of a B2C transaction. The decision-making process for a B2C purchase is much shorter than a business-to-business (B2B) purchase, especially for items that have a lower value, thus having a shorter sales cycle. B2C businesses therefore typically spend less marketing dollars to make a sale but also have a lower average order value and less recurring orders than their B2B counterparts. B2C innovators have leveraged technology like mobile apps, native advertising and re-marketing to market directly to their customers and make their lives easier in the process.

Examples of B2C businesses are everywhere: exclusively-online retailers include Newegg, Overstock.com, Wish, and ModCloth. Major B2C-model brick-and-mortar businesses include Staples, WalMart, Target, REI, and Gap.

The advantages of B2C e-commerce include:

 Unlimited marketplace: The marketplace is unlimited, enabling the customers to explore and shop at their convenience. We can check on the desired product from home, offices and anywhere else without any time restrictions. Products can be purchased from around the world. It represents the breaking of international barriers, giving people the opportunity to purchase products virtually;

 Lower costs of doing business: B2C has reduced several business components including employees, purchasing cost, mailing confirmations, phone calls, data entry and the requirement for opening stores with physical existence. This has reduced transaction costs for customers;

 Business administration made easier: It has made it easier to record store inventory, shipment, logs and overall business transactions compared with traditional methods of business administration. These calculations are now occurring automatically. Moreover, real-time updates can be provided, through which any issues can be flagged;

 More efficient business relationships: Building new and improved associations with the dealers and suppliers;

 Workflow automation: This process enables the shipping of products in a timely manner. Furthermore, it automatically adjusts stock levels and figures out location availability. It includes highly reliable security systems, with step by step verification, account entry and admiration mode to look after business transactions. The third-party direct sales are backed up with familiar banking and accounting features that enable businesses to reach out to vendors and perform internal business transactions accordingly.

The disadvantages of B2C e-commerce include:

 Infrastructure: Even though the internet enables reaching a huge, international pool of customers, many still do not have access to the internet;

 Competition: Competition is severe. There are certain companies that have managed to maintain sizeable market shares giving them a chance to survive in the long run. New and improved products must be rolled out consistently to secure customers;

 Limited product exposure: Despite rewarding the customers with ease-of-access and a unique level of flexibility for choosing products, e-commerce has restricted product exposure for buyers over the internet. Most websites would not allow customers to go beyond the glamorous product images and their descriptions at the time of purchasing the product. It gives consumers the idea that e-commerce supports ‘limited product exposure', which is why some products disappoint customers at the time of shipment and are sent back to companies immediately.

 Consumer-to-business (C2B)

Consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce is when a consumer makes their services or products available for companies to purchase.
The competitive edge of the C2B e-commerce model is in its pricing for goods and services. This approach includes reverse auctions, in which customers name the price for a product or service they wish to buy. Another form of C2B occurs when a consumer provides a business with a fee-based opportunity to market the business's products on the consumer's blog.

For instance, food companies may ask food bloggers to include a new product in a recipe and review it for readers of their blogs. YouTube reviews may be incentivized by free products or direct payment. This could also include paid advertisement space on the consumer website. Google Adwords/Adsense has enabled this kind of relationship by simplifying the process in which bloggers can be paid for ads. Services such as Amazon Affiliates allow website owners to earn money by linking to a product for sale on Amazon. Examples of C2B include: a graphic designer customizing a company logo, or a photographer taking photos for an e-commerce website.

The C2B model has flourished in the internet age because of ready access to consumers who are "plugged in" to brands. Where the business relationship was once strictly one-directional, with companies pushing services and goods to consumers, the new bi-directional network has allowed consumers to become their own businesses. Reductions in the cost of technologies such as video cameras, high-quality printers, and Web development services give consumers access to tools for promotion and communication that were once limited to large companies. As a result, both consumers and businesses can benefit from the C2B model.

The disadvantages of C2B transactions are that one must be well-versed in web design to create such a website and the amount of money earned is far less than what could be earned by selling the mortgage directly to the consumer instead. The advantages of C2B can be expressed through an example: The C2B website thefreemortgagecalculator.com offers a LendingTree advertisement at the top of the page. The advantage of this website is that the owner does not have to sell mortgages, meet with customers, or pay for everyday business operation expenses in order to make money. If the LendingTree advertisement is used by a visitor, the website owner gets paid a commission from LendingTree for the lead.

 Consumer to consumer (C2C)

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C), or customer-to-customer, represents a market environment where one customer purchases goods from another customer using a third-party business or platform to facilitate the transaction.

In this case, the third-party platform typically earns their money by charging transaction or listing fees. These businesses benefit from self-propelled growth by motivated buyers and sellers, but face a key challenge in quality control and technology maintenance. Another customers’ benefit is the competition for products. Customers may often find items that are difficult to locate elsewhere. Also, margins can be higher than traditional pricing methods for sellers as there are minimal costs due to the absence of retailers or wholesalers.

Opening a C2C site takes careful planning. Examples of C2C include Craigslist and eBay, who pioneered this model in the early days of the internet.
Generally, transactions in this model occur via online platforms (such as PayPal), but often are conducted using social-media networks (e.g., Facebook marketplace) and websites (Craigslist).

The advantages of C2C include:

 Availability: It is always available so consumers can shop on demand;

 Websites are updated regularly;

 Higher profitability: Consumers selling products directly to other consumers can achieve higher profits;

 Low transaction cost: Selling via online platforms is much cheaper than the costs incurred on having physical store space;

 Direct relationship: Customers can directly contact sellers without having to go through an intermediary.

The disadvantages of C2C include:

 Payment may be less secure;

 Security issues: There could be theft due to scammers falsely impersonating well known C2C sites;

 Lack of quality control of products.

 Business to administration (B2A)

Business-to-administration (B2A), also known as business-to-government (B2G), refers to all transactions between companies and public administrations or government agencies. Government agencies use central websites to trade and exchange information with various business organizations. This is an area that involves many services, particularly in areas such as social security, employment, and legal documents.

Businesses that are accustomed to interacting with other businesses or directly with consumers often encounter unexpected hurdles when working with government agencies. Layers of regulation can harm the overall efficiency of the contracting process, and thus, governments tend to take more time than private companies to approve and begin work on a given project.

While businesses may find that government contracts involve additional paperwork, time, and vetting, there are advantages to providing goods and services to the public sector. Government contracts are often large and more stable than analogous private-sector work. A company with a history of successful government contracting usually finds it easier to get the next contract. One example of a B2A model is Accela, a software company that provides government software solutions and public access to government services for permitting, planning, licensing, public health, and so on.

 Consumer-to-administration (C2A)  Consumer-to-administration (C2A') e-commerce encompasses all electronic transactions between individuals and public administration. The C2A e-commerce model helps the consumer post their queries and request information regarding the public sector directly from their local governments/authorities. It provides an easy way to establish communication between the consumers and the government.

Examples of C2A include taxes (filing tax returns), health (scheduling an appointment using an online service), and paying tuition for higher education.

See also

Comparison of free software e-commerce web application frameworks
Comparison of shopping cart software
E-commerce
Mobile commerce

References


title: List of honorary doctors of the University of New Zealand

text:
The following is a complete list of honorary (also known as honoris causa) doctorates issued by the University of New Zealand before it was disestablished in 1961 and its constituent colleges raised to full university status. It does not include normal doctorates of the same name which were awarded over the same period.

References

New Zealand
Lists of New Zealand people by school affiliation
University of New Zealand alumni
New Zealand education-related lists


title: Nokia 3710 fold

text:
Nokia 3710 is a feature phone manufactured by Nokia. It was announced by Nokia in June 2009 and released in December of that year. It was hailed as the direct successor to the Nokia 3610 fold, the previous model launched at the end of 2008.

Measurements
It measured 89 x 47 x 15.2 mm, 54 cc (3.50 x 1.85 x 0.60 in), 2.2 inches  (~35.8% screen-to-body ratio) and weighed 94 grams. It had a resolution of 240 x 320 pixels (with ~182 ppi pixel density).

Technical specifications
The phone had a memory of 2000 entries, and an internal memory of 70 MB.  The primary camera featured 3.2 MP, LED flash and enhanced fixed focus.  The secondary one was a  VGA videocall camera.  It had three different alert types: downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones and vibration.  It also featured a loudspeaker and 2.5 mm audio jack, A-GPS, Stereo FM radio (RDS), and a microUSB v.2.0.  It also benefits from  UMTS technology.

Other features
The Nokia 3710 also had these features: SMS, MMS, Email, IM messaging capacity; WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, Adobe Flash Lite browsers, MIDP 2.1 - MP3/eAAC+/WAV/WMA player, MP4/WMV/H.264 player, Organizer, Voice command/dial/memo, Predictive text input and JAVA.  It had a numeric keypad and soft keys. Available in black, pink and plum colors it had a music play length of up to 24 hours.

References

3710 fold
Mobile phones introduced in 2009


title: Sonyea Formation

text:
The Sonyea Group is a geologic group in the northern part of the Appalachian Basin. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

In the western part, it is divided into the Cashaqua Shale at the top, and the Middlesex Shale at the bottom. In the east, various shale formations are included between the Cashaqua and Middlesex members, including Rye Point Shale, Rock Stream Formation ("Enfield Formation") Siltstone, Pulteney shale, Sawmill Creek Shale, Johns Creek Shale and Montour Shale.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic groups of Pennsylvania
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Susquehanna Group

text:
The Susquehanna Group is a geologic group in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic groups of Pennsylvania


title: 1892 United States elections

text:
The 1892 United States elections was held on November 8, electing member to the 53rd United States Congress, taking place during the Third Party System. Democrats retained the House and won control of the Presidency and the Senate. Following the election, Democrats controlled the Presidency and a majority in both chambers of Congress for the first time since the 1858 elections.

In the Presidential election, Republican President Benjamin Harrison was defeated by former Democratic President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland won the popular vote by a margin of three percent, but won by a large margin in the electoral college. Populist James B. Weaver also carried five Western states and won a little over eight percent of the vote. At the 1892 Republican National Convention, Harrison fended off a challenge from supporters of former Secretary of State James G. Blaine and Governor William McKinley of Ohio. At the 1892 Democratic National Convention, Cleveland defeated Senator David B. Hill from New York and Governor Horace Boies of Iowa on the first ballot. Harrison had previously defeated Cleveland in 1888, and Cleveland's win made him the first President to serve non-consecutive terms. Cleveland's win in the popular vote also made him the second person, after Andrew Jackson, to win the popular vote in three presidential elections.

Reapportionment following the 1890 census added twenty four seats to the House. Republicans picked up several seats in the House, but Democrats continued to command a large majority in the chamber.

In the Senate, Democrats made moderate gains to win a majority (including the Democratic Vice President) in the chamber for the first time since the 1880 elections.

See also
1892 United States presidential election
1892 United States House of Representatives elections
1892–93 United States Senate elections

References

Further reading

 Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage (1932) Pulitzer Prize-winning biography, the major resource on Cleveland.
 Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. A History of the United States since the Civil War. Volume V, 1888–1901 (1937). pp 169–244

1892 elections in the United States
1892


title: Canadaway Group

text:
The Canadaway Group is a geologic group in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic groups of Pennsylvania


title: Conewango Group

text:
The Conewango Group is a Carboniferous aged geologic group in Western and south central  Pennsylvania. It consists of two formations the younger Casselman Formation and the older Glenshaw Formation.

References

Geology of Pennsylvania
Carboniferous geology of Pennsylvania


title: KDFH

text:
KDFH (95.9 FM) was a radio station licensed to Big Sur, California. The station served the Monterey and Santa Cruz areas.

History
In June 2016, Mount Wilson Broadcasting donated KMZT-FM's 95.9 frequency to the University of Southern California. The 95.9 frequency would become part of USC's classical music radio network. Mount Wilson FM Broadcasting retained the KMZT-FM call letters. On August 26, 2016, KMZT-FM changed their call letters to KDFH and on August 31, 2016, it switched to a simulcast of KDFC in San Francisco.

At the licensee's request, KDFH's license was cancelled on August 1, 2017.

References

External links

DFH
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 2012
2012 establishments in California
Radio stations disestablished in 2017
2017 disestablishments in California
University of Southern California
DFH


title: Venango Formation

text:
The Venango Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Cussewago Formation

text:
The Cussewago Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Ithaca Formation

text:
The Ithaca Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania and New York (state). It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of New York (state)
Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Manlius Limestone

text:
The Manlius Limestone is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Old Point Formation

text:
The Old Point Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Oswayo Sandstone

text:
The Oswayo Sandstone is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania


title: Delaware River Formation

text:
The Delaware River Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania and New York (state). It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania


title: Canaseraga Formation

text:
The Canaseraga Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
Devonian geology of New York (state)
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Cuba Formation

text:
The Cuba Formation is a geologic formation in New York (state) and Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Famennian age.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New York
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania

 Paleontology in New York

 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

 https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/Units/Cuba_12653.html

 https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/UnitRefs/CubaRefs_12653.html
Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian geology of New York (state)
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Java Formation

text:
The Java Formation is a geologic formation in Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period. The formation comprises the Pipe Creek Shale, Wiscoy Sandstone Member in New York, and Hanover Shale Member except in Tennessee.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Machias Formation

text:
The Machias Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Rushford Formation

text:
The Rushford Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania
Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Cherry Ridge Shale

text:
The Cherry Ridge Shale is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Devonian geology of Pennsylvania


title: In the Beginning There Was Underwear

text:
In the Beginning There Was Underwear () is a 1999 Italian romantic comedy film written and directed by Anna Negri. It was screened in the "Forum" section at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

Cast

Teresa Saponangelo: Imma
Stefania Rocca: Teresa
Bebo Storti: Michele
Filippo Timi: Tasca
Monica Scattini: Lady Driver
Pao Pei Andreoli: Marco

References

External links

1999 films
Italian romantic comedy films
1999 romantic comedy films
1999 directorial debut films
Films scored by Dominik Scherrer
1990s Italian films


title: Seal Island (Encounter Bay)

text:
Seal Island, also known as Seal Rock, is an island in the Australian state of South Australia located in Encounter Bay off the south coast of Fleurieu Peninsula  approximately  south-east of Victor Harbor.  It is located with the boundaries of the following protected areas - the West Island Conservation Park and the Encounter Marine Park.

Description
Seal Island is located about  south-east of Victor Harbor and  east-north east of Rosetta Head (also known as The Bluff).  The island is described as being "a  mound of tumbled granite bounders scoured of soil" that "reaches  above sea level".  The island is also known as Seal Rock.

Flora and fauna
As of 1996, Seal Island was observed as having no vegetation while the only vertebrate animals observed was a breeding colony of silver gulls.

History
The island's name is reported as suggesting the presence of an Australian sea lion or a New Zealand fur-seal colony on the island during the early 19th century.

Protected areas status
Since 7 June 1979, Seal Island has been located with the boundaries of the West Island Conservation Park.  Since 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are located within the boundaries of the Encounter Marine Park.

References

Islands of South Australia
Uninhabited islands of Australia
Encounter Bay


title: Gatesburg Formation

text:
The Gatesburg Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

The formation is described by Berg and others as gray dolomite, limestone, and sandstone.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Cambrian geology of Pennsylvania
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Kinzers Formation

text:
The Kinzers Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian Period.

The base of the Kinzers Formation is primarily a dark-brown shale. The middle is a gray and white spotted limestone and, locally, marble having irregular partings. The top is a sandy limestone which weathers to a fine-grained, friable, porous, sandy mass.

Type section
Named from exposures at a railroad cut at Kinzers, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Other outcrops
The Kinzers overlies the Vintage Dolomite at the type section of the Vintage at a railroad cut at Vintage, Pennsylvania.

High quality fossil specimens (Lagerstätte) were obtained from the Noah Getz Quarry, one mile north of Rohrerstown, Pennsylvania, but the quarry location is overgrown and disturbed by development.  The fossils are from the Emigsville Member, and include the trilobite Olenellus thompsoni, the radiodont Lenisicaris pennsylvanica, the bivalve Tuzoia getzi, and the green algae Margaretia dorus.

The sponge Hazelia walcotti has been found in the Kinzers.  It is one of few sponges known from the Cambrian period of North America.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

External links

Geologic formations of Maryland
Paleontology in Maryland
Geologic formations of Pennsylvania
Paleontology in Pennsylvania
Cambrian geology of Pennsylvania
Geologic formations of Virginia
Paleontology in Virginia
Cambrian south paleopolar deposits
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Pleasant Hill Limestone

text:
The Pleasant Hill Limestone is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Cambrian geology of Pennsylvania
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Tomstown Dolomite

text:
The Tomstown Dolomite or Tomstown Formation is a geologic formation in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. It preserves fossils dating to the Cambrian Period.

In Maryland it is described as "Interbedded light gray to yellowish-gray, thin- to thick-bedded dolomite and limestone; some shale layers; gradational contact with Antietam; thickness 200 to 1,000 feet."

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Maryland
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Virginia
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in West Virginia

References

Geologic formations of Maryland
Cambrian geology of Pennsylvania
Geologic formations of Virginia
Cambrian West Virginia
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Vintage Dolomite

text:
The Vintage Dolomite is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

Type section
Named from exposures at a railroad cut at Vintage, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Fossils
Salterella conulata species have been found in the upper Vintage Dolomite.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Cambrian geology of Pennsylvania
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits
Geologic formations of Pennsylvania


title: 1884 United States elections

text:
The 1884 United States elections were held on November 4, electing the members of the 49th United States Congress. The election took place during the Third Party System. The Democratic Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican Secretary of State James G. Blaine in the presidential election. In Congress, the Republicans retained control of the Senate while Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives. This marks the last election in U.S. history in which the Democratic president came to office without unified control of Congress.

In the Presidential election, Democratic Governor Grover Cleveland of New York defeated Republican former Secretary of State James G. Blaine. Though Cleveland won the popular vote by less than 1%, he won by a fairly comfortable margin in the electoral college. Cleveland won the South and the critical state of New York, while Blaine took most of the rest of the country. This was the most recent example of an incumbent President being denied nomination by his party for another term, as Blaine defeated President Chester A. Arthur at the 1884 Republican National Convention. Cleveland took the Democratic nomination on the second ballot of the 1884 Democratic National Convention, defeating Delaware Senator Thomas F. Bayard and several other candidates. Cleveland's win made him the first Democratic President to win an election since the 1856 election, although Andrew Johnson served out Lincoln's term from 1865 to 1869.

Republicans picked up several seats in the House, but Democrats continued to command a majority in the chamber. In the Senate, Republicans made moderate gains and established a clear majority.

This marks one of four occasions where a newly elected president entered office with a divided legislature, occurring again in 1860, 1876, and 1980. 1860 is the only other occasion where the president's party held the House, but not the Senate. A divided Congress also occurred after the 1984 and 2012 elections. This is the only time a Democratic President didn’t assume office with a government trifecta.

See also
1884 United States presidential election
1884 United States House of Representatives elections
1884–85 United States Senate elections

References

1884 elections in the United States
1884


title: 2014–15 Paris Saint-Germain F.C. season

text:
The 2014–15 season was Paris Saint-Germain Football Club's 45th in existence and their 42nd in the top-flight of French football. The team competed in Ligue 1, the Coupe de France, the Coupe de la Ligue, the Trophée des Champions and the UEFA Champions League.

Summary
Just weeks after winning a first trophy of the season in Beijing, with the 2014 Trophée des Champions and the 2–0 win over Guingamp, PSG were struggling to impose themselves on Ligue 1. With three wins and five draws, the club was sitting five points adrift of Marseille after eight matches (19 points for Marseille and 14 for PSG).

After something of a World Cup hangover for the club's international stars, Les Rouge-et-Bleu really hit their stride in October, and especially November. Lens (1-3), Bordeaux (3–0), Lorient (1–2), Marseille (2–0), Metz (2–3) and Nice (1–0) were all defeated by Laurent Blanc's men. PSG moved second on the ladder, just one point behind Marseille and six ahead of Lyon. PSG were on their way, but December saw a first loss of the campaign to Guingamp (1–0) as the capital club finished the first half of the season in third place, three points adrift of Marseille.

The start of January saw PSG make a successful start to the Coupe de France, eliminating Montpellier 3–0. After a surprise 4–2 loss to Bastia in the league, PSG recorded a series of positive results which saw them fighting on all four fronts. In the UEFA Champions League, Thiago Silva and company wrote one of the most spectacular pages in the club's history: after a 1–1 home draw with Chelsea in the first leg of the round of 16, Les Parisiens produced an heroic qualification at Stamford Bridge, going through on the away goals rule. A prestigious victory over Marseille (3–2) and a win in the 2015 Coupe de la Ligue Final against Bastia (4–0) followed before PSG were eliminated from the Champions League by future finalists Barcelona. PSG bounced back by booking their place in the final of the Coupe de France with a resounding semi-final win against Saint-Étienne (4–0) and kept hopes alive of an unprecedented quadruple.

Fighting tooth and nail with Lyon in the championship, PSG set a cracking pace with a series of big wins (6–1 against Lille, 3–1 against Metz, 2–0 against Nantes and 6–0 against Guingamp). PSG were in unstoppable form and the pressure told as Lyon cracked against Caen, going down 3–0 in matchweek 36. In the end, it was at the Stade de la Mosson that PSG officially secured a fifth French championship in their history and the third in a row. The capital club then left their mark on French football by defeating Auxerre 1–0 with a goal from Edinson Cavani in the 2015 Coupe de France Final at the Stade de France to claim an unprecedented domestic quadruple.

Players

Players, transfers, appearances and goals - 2014/2015 season.

First-team squad

In on loan

Out on loan

Transfers in

 (£50 million)

Transfers out

Statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Goalkeepers

|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Defenders

|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Midfielders

|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Forwards

|-
! colspan="18" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center"| Players transferred out during the season

|-

Competitions

Trophée des Champions

Ligue 1

League table

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

Coupe de France

Coupe de la Ligue

UEFA Champions League

Group stage

Knockout phase

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

References

External links

Official websites
PSG.fr – Site officiel
Paris Saint-Germain  at LFP
Paris Saint-Germain at UEFA
Paris Saint-Germain at FIFA

Paris Saint-Germain F.C. seasons
Paris Saint-Germain
Paris Saint-Germain
French football championship-winning seasons


title: Anthracite Formation

text:
The Anthracite Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Carboniferous geology of Pennsylvania


title: Conemaugh Formation

text:
The Conemaugh Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Carboniferous geology of Pennsylvania
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Duquesne Coal

text:
The Duquesne Coal is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Carboniferous geology of Pennsylvania


title: Mercer Formation

text:
The Mercer Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Carboniferous geology of Pennsylvania


title: Nittany Dolomite

text:
The Nittany Dolomite is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Ordovician geology of Pennsylvania


title: Stonehenge Formation

text:
The Stonehenge Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Ordovician geology of Pennsylvania
Ordovician geology of New Jersey
Ordovician southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Titusville Till

text:
The Titusville Till is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It is a till deposit preserving fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic formations of Pennsylvania


title: Aspergillomarasmine A

text:
Aspergillomarasmine A is an polyamino acid naturally produced by the mold Aspergillus versicolor. The substance has been reported to inhibit two antibiotic resistance carbapenemase proteins in bacteria, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) and Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM-2), and make those antibiotic-resistant bacteria susceptible to antibiotics. Aspergillomarasmine A is toxic to leaves of barley and other plants, being termed as "Toxin C" when produced by Pyrenophora teres.

The molecule is a tetracarboxylic acid with four -COOH groups.  One section of the molecule is the amino acid aspartic acid. This has two alanine molecules attached by substituting a hydrogen on the methyl group with a link to the amine group. Aspergillomarasmine B differs in that the last alanine is replaced by glycine.

The crystalline substance was first isolated in 1956, but its name was given until 1965.

In addition to Aspergillus versicolor, aspergillomarasmine A is also produced by the ascomycete Pyrenophora teres where it acts as a toxin in the barley net-spot blotch disease. In P. teres, a biosynthetic precursor of aspergillomarasmine A, L,L-N-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-aspartic acid has also been isolated and found to contribute to the phytotoxic properties of this microbe. This precursor, aspergillomarasmine A itself, and a lactam form (anhydroaspergillomarasmine A) are together termed the marasmines.

Other producers of aspergillomarasmine A include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum.

In mice the LD50 toxic dose of aspergillomarasmine A is 159.8 mg/kg.

Properties
Aspergillomarasmine A takes the form of colourless crystals.  The chemical is insoluble in common organic solvents, but can dissolve in water under either basic or strongly acidic conditions.

Anhydroaspergillomarasmine A, a lactam of aspergillomarasmine A, chemically called [1-(2-amino-2carboxyethyl)-6-carboxy-3-carboxymethyl-3-piperazinone], can also be found in Pyrenophora teres. The relative amount of these two toxins is dependent upon the pH of the growth medium, with lower pH favouring the lactam form.  The lactam can be hydrolyzed to aspergillomarasmine A by treating it with trifluoroacetic acid.

Aspergillomarasmine A functions as a chelating agent, sequestering Fe3+ ions.  It can inhibit endothelin converting enzymes even in the live rat, probably by chelating metals required by metalloproteases.

When heated, aspergillomarasmine A decomposes between 225° and 236 °C.  Hydrolysis produces L-aspartic acid and racemic 2,3-diaminopropionic acid. Even though the precursor component is chiral, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid easily racemizes in acid.

Aspergillomarasmine A has [α]20°D at pH 7 of -48°.

With nitrous acid aspergillomarasmine A is deaminated, and isoserine with aspartic acid is formed.

Titration reveals changes in ionisation at pK 3.5 and 4.5 due to carboxylic acid groups, and pK 9.5 and 10 due to amino groups.

Treatment with ninhydrin shows a purple colour.

References

Antimicrobial resistance
Aspartic acids
2,3-Diaminopropionic acids


title: 1880 United States elections

text:
The 1880 United States elections occurred during the Third Party System, and elected the members of the 47th United States Congress. Republicans retained the Presidency and took control of the House. An unclear partisan situation prevailed in the Senate. As the first presidential election after the end of Reconstruction, this election saw the first occurrence of the Democratic Party sweeping the Southern United States; the party would carry an overwhelming majority of Southern states well into the 20th century.

In the Presidential election, Republican Representative James Garfield from Ohio defeated Democratic General Winfield Hancock. Though Garfield won a clear majority of electoral votes, he won the popular vote by the smallest margin in history. Incumbent one-term Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes declined to seek re-election. Garfield emerged as the dark horse Republican nominee following the 1880 Republican National Convention, prevailing on the 36th ballot over former President Ulysses S. Grant, Maine Senator James G. Blaine, and Ohio Senator John Sherman. Hancock took the nomination at the 1880 Democratic National Convention on the second ballot, defeating Delaware Senator Thomas F. Bayard and several other candidates. Garfield was the first sitting member of Congress to be elected president, and remains the only sitting member of the House to win a presidential election.

Republicans picked up several seats in the House, taking a majority of the chamber for the first time since the 1874 elections.

In the Senate, Republicans made small gains at the expense of the Democrats, but neither party had a majority due to the presence of an independent Senator and a Readjuster Senator. The two parties ultimately agreed to share power.

See also
1880 United States presidential election
1880 United States House of Representatives elections
1880–81 United States Senate elections

References

1880


title: Government Polytechnic, Karwar

text:
Government Polytechnic Karwar (GPK) is a polytechnic college in Uttara Kannada district of  Karnataka, India. Situated just a mile away from Karwar. The college is affiliated to Board of Technical Education, Recognized by Government of Karnataka. It is also approved by All India Council for Technical Education AICTE, New Delhi.

About The College

Government Polytechnic Karwar (GPK) established in 1958. The  aims is to provide good technical education to rural area students.

The institution provides computer-based learning programs to meet the current needs of industry and business. The college is equipped with Cafeteria, Mess and Hostel facility along with College Library.

Courses

Following are the courses in the college:
 Dip. in Automobile Engineering
 Dip. in Mechanical Engineering
 Dip. in Computer Science and Engineering
 Dip. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
 Dip. in Civil Engineering.
 Dip. in Commercial Practice (Kan & Eng)

References

Education in Karwar
Engineering colleges in Karnataka
Universities and colleges in Uttara Kannada district


title: Hapoel Kiryat Ono F.C.

text:
Hapoel Kiryat Ono () is an Israeli football club based in Kiryat Ono. They are currently in Liga Bet South A division.

History
The club was founded in 1952 as Hapoel Kfar Ono.  In 1954, as Regional council Kfar Ono became Local council Kiryat Ono, and as also in the same year, the club merged with Hapoel Bnei Brak, they were known as Hapoel Bnei Brak\Kiryat Ono. The club played under that name until the 1955–56 season, when they were promoted to Liga Bet, the third tier of Israeli football at the time. Since the 1956–57 season, the club is playing under its current name.

In the 1962–63 season, the club finished runners-up in Liga Bet North B division, and were promoted for the first time to Liga Alef, the second tier of Israeli football at the time, where they played for nine seasons in the South division, until they were relegated to Liga Bet at the end of the 1972–73 season. During their spell in Liga Alef, Hapoel achieved their best placing to date, which was the fourth place in the 1970–71 season.

In the 1977–78 season the club returned to Liga Alef. However, as Liga Artzit came into existence in the previous season, Liga Alef became the third tier of Israeli football. Hapoel played in the South division of Liga Alef until they were relegated at the end of the 1997–98 season.

In 1991, the club reached the semi-final of the Israel State Cup, where they lost 2–4 to Hapoel Petah Tikva.

Hapoel returned to Liga Alef after they won Liga Bet South A division in the 1998–99 season. However, they were relegated back to Liga Bet, after they finished third bottom in the 2001–02 season. In the 2006–07 season the club finished second bottom in Liga Bet South A division, and dropped to Liga Gimel, the lowest tier of Israeli football. At the end of the 2008–09 season, the club bounced back to Liga Bet, where they play now, after they finished runners-up in Liga Gimel Tel Aviv division.

The club was close to make a return to Liga Alef at the end of the 2014–15 season, when they finished fourth in Liga Bet Sout A division and qualified for the Promotion play-offs. After beating Hapoel Kafr Qasim Shouaa, Beitar Ramat Gan and Ironi Modi'in, they faced the 14th-placed club in Liga Alef South division, Maccabi Kabilio Jaffa, in the decisive promotion/relegation play-offs. Kiryat Ono lost 0–2 and remained in Liga Bet.

Honours

League

Notable former managers
Arik Gilrovich
Dror Kashtan
Eran Kulik

External links
Hapoel Kiryat Ono  Israel Football Association

References

Kiryat Ono
Kiryat Ono
Association football clubs established in 1952
1952 establishments in Israel


title: New England PGA Championship

text:
The New England PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the New England section of the PGA of America. The New England section encompasses the states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont (The other New England state (Connecticut) has its own PGA Section).  It has been played annually since 1921 at a variety of courses in those states.

Winners

 2022 Liam Friedman
 2021 Rich Berberian, Jr.
 2020 Shawn Warren
 2019 Shawn Warren
 2018 Rich Berberian, Jr.
 2017 Liam Friedman
 2016 Matt Doyle
 2015 Rich Berberian, Jr.
 2014 Rich Berberian, Jr.
 2013 Shawn Warren
 2012 Ed Kirby
 2011 John Hickson
 2010 Scott Spence
 2009 Paul Parajeckas
 2008 Ron Philo
 2007 Evan Belcher
 2006 Frank Dully
 2005 Troy Pare
 2004 Ron Philo
 2003 Kirk Hanefeld
 2002 Chip Johnson
 2001 Kirk Hanefeld
 2000 Kirk Hanefeld
 1999 Mike San Filippo
 1998 Mike Baker
 1997 Webb Heintzelman
 1996 Dana Quigley
 1995 John Hickson
 1994 Heath Wessem
 1993 Dana Quigley
 1992 Joe Staffieri
 1991 Dana Quigley
 1990 Mike San Filippo
 1989 Dana Quigley
 1988 Bob Menne
 1987 Keith Lyford
 1986 Tony Kaloustian
 1985 Dana Quigley
 1984 R. Drue Johnson
 1983 Bruce Dobie
 1982 Joe Carr
 1981 David Marad
 1980 Paul Moran
 1979 Larry Startze
 1978 David Marad
 1977 Tom McGuirk
 1976 Tony Morosco
 1975 Joe Carr
 1974 Charles Volpone
 1973 Ross Coon
 1972 Ross Coon
 1971 Charles Volpone
 1970 Chick Evans
 1969 Bob Menne
 1968 Bill Flynn
 1967 Bob Crowley
 1966 Ross Coon
 1965 Art Harris
 1964 Paddy LeClair
 1963 Bob Crowley
 1962 Bob Crowley
 1961 Bob Crowley
 1960 Tex McReynolds
 1959 Bob Crowley
 1958 Bill Ezinicki
 1957 Phil Friel
 1956 Bill Ezinicki
 1955 Jim Browning
 1954 John Thoren
 1953 George Morrison
 1952 Les Kennedy
 1951 Jerry Gianferante
 1950 Tex McReynolds
 1949 Francis Doyle
 1948 Les Kennedy
 1947 Jerry Gianferante
 1946 Les Kennedy
 1945 Les Kennedy
 1944 Les Kennedy
 1943 Dave Hackney
 1942 Ben Loving
 1941 Harold "Jug" McSpaden
 1940 Harry Nettelbladt
 1939 Harold "Jug" McSpaden
 1938 Harold "Jug" McSpaden
 1937 Bob Crowley
 1936 Jim Fogertey
 1935 Charles Grey
 1934 Dave Hackney
 1933 Henry Bontempo
 1932 Ted Turner
 1931 Charles MacAndrew
 1930 Ted Turner
 1929 Henry Cuici
 1928 John Curley
 1927 George Aulbach
 1926 Dave Hackney
 1925 Herb Lagerblade
 1924 Willie Ogg
 1923 John Cowan
 1922 Gilbert Nicholls
 1921 Gilbert Nicholls

Leo Diegel's 29th and final PGA Tour victory is listed as the 1934 New England PGA. However, the records of the New England PGA do not show him as the winner of that tourney in any year.

References

External links
PGA of America – New England section

PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1929


title: Imperial Cross

text:
The Imperial Cross (, German: Reichskreuz) is part of the Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire. It served as the container for the two "Great Relics of Christ" (Perveniens Reilquias magna Christi, Großen Reliquien Christi): the Holy Lance in its horizontal arms and the reliquary of the True Cross in the lower shaft. It is thus the original reliquary of the Imperial relics. The Imperial cross is kept in the Imperial Treasury in the Hofburg.
It has been suggested that the cross was probably created some time around 1024–25 or 1030 in Lotharingia. A somewhat earlier creation as a commission of Conrad's predecessor Henry II (1002–1024) is also found in scholarly literature.

An older base was replaced with the current gilt silver base of the cross in 1350 in Prague at the command of Charles IV. In addition he had new reliquaries made for the relics which had hitherto been stored inside the Imperial Cross.

Description
The cross has an oak core which is coated on the outside with gold leaf and with red leather on the inside. It measures 77 by 70 centimetres. The beams are 9 centimetres wide for most of their length and 12 cm wide at the ends of the beams.

The front of the cross is decorated with pearls and gemstones in high mountings (Crux gemmata). The reverse, decorated in the niello technique, depicts the Agnus Dei (Lamb of God) at the centre of the cross, surrounded by the twelve Apostles and the symbols of the Four Evangelists at the cross' four ends.

Because it was created as a reliquary, several parts of the front side can lift off, which reveals openings through which the relics can be reached. The openings are lined with dark red material and are an exact fit for the Holy Lance and the reliquary of the True Cross. The dimensions of the cross result from these relics. There are other small, rectangular openings as well; whether these are for documents or other smaller relics is unknown.

The following inscription runs around the sides:
ECCE : CRVCEM : DOMINI : FVGIAT : PARS : HOSTIS : INIQVI : † HINC : CHVONRADI : TIBI : CEDANT : OMNES : INIMICI :
Lo! May the hostile faction of evil flee the cross of the Lord † Thus may all of the evil ones surrender to you, Chuonrad.

"Chuonrad" refers to Conrad II, in whose reign the cross was probably made. It is not known whether he  commissioned the cross. Viewing the cross as a symbol of victory rather than an instrument of suffering is typical of the High Middle Ages and occurs often in Romanesque art. It is, therefore, also a symbol of the Imperial claim to universal rule.

The base of the cross is a later addition, made of gilt silver with a wooden core and decorated with four enamelled coats of arms. The shields on the front and back show the single-headed, right-facing Imperial Eagle, while the silver Bohemian lion is shown on a red background on the two sides. This base is 17.3 cm high and 29.2 x 22 cm wide.

Bibliography
 Hermann Fillitz. Die Insignien und Kleinodien des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Wien und München 1954
 Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte (Ed.), Die Reichskleinodien, Herrschaftszeichen des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Göppingen 1997
 Jan Keupp, Hans Reither, Peter Pohlit, Katharina Schober, Stefan Weinfurter (Eds.), "… die keyserlichen zeychen …" Die Reichskleinodien – Herrschaftszeichen des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, Regensburg 2009, .
 Sabine Haag (Ed.), Meisterwerke der Weltlichen Schatzkammer, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien, 2009, .

External links

11th-century sculptures
Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire
Crux gemmata
Hohenstaufen
Ottonian sculptures


title: Genesee Group

text:
The Genesee Group is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

It includes submembers:
 West River Shale
 Genundewa Limestone
 Penn Yan Formation
 Geneseo Shale
 North Evans Limestone

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Pennsylvania
 Paleontology in Pennsylvania

References

Geologic groups of Pennsylvania


title: Beijerinckia indica

text:
Beijerinckia indica is a nitrogen fixing, aerobic acidophilic bacteria from the genus of Beijerinckia.

References

External links
Type strain of Beijerinckia indica at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Beijerinckiaceae
Bacteria described in 1950
Martinus Beijerinck


title: The Bodyguard's Cure

text:
The Bodyguard's Cure () is a 2006 Italian neo-noir film directed by Carlo Arturo Sigon.

Cast

 Claudio Bisio: Sandrone
 Stefania Rocca: Vera
 Ernest Borgnine: Jerry Warden
 Antonio Catania: Giò Pesce
 Gigio Alberti: Luke
 Bebo Storti: Gipi
 Kledi Kadiu: Adrian

References

External links

2006 films
Italian crime films
2000s crime films
Italian neo-noir films
2006 directorial debut films
2000s Italian films