title: Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone

text:
The flora of the U.S. Sierra Nevada alpine zone is characterized by small, low growing, cushion and mat forming plants that can survive the harsh conditions in the high-altitude alpine zone above the timber line. These flora often occur in alpine fell-fields. The Sierra Nevada alpine zone lacks a dominant plant species that characterizes it, so may or may not be called a vegetation type. But it is found above the subalpine forest, which is the highest in a succession of recognized vegetation types at increasing elevations.

Botanists have ranked the Sierra Nevada alpine zone floral bloom as one of California's foremost wildflower displays, with flowers of fantastic color and abundance. Many of the alpine species are notable for large and showy flowers, which must compete for the pollinators during brief growing seasons. Botanist Philip A. Munz wrote, "These natural rock gardens are spectacular sights when in full flower." Botanist Laird R. Blackwell wrote, "Up here... the flowers seem to glow... perhaps only the flowers of the harsh desert can rival the alpine flowers for intensity."

Over 90% of California's alpine flora are perennial herbs. Annuals are not common. Depending on the elevation used to define its lower boundary, the Sierra Nevada alpine zone may have almost 600 species, about 200 of which are only found here (endemic). The flora includes plants that are descended from the plants that survived the glaciation of the last ice age (relict plants), because they were growing on mountain peaks that stood above the ice sheets like islands.

Environmental conditions influencing flora

The alpine zone, or alpine fell-field, is above the tree line, generally at  in the south, and  to  in the north. The plants are influenced by having to endure long and very cold winters, poor to no soils, constant high winds, intense sunlight, and a short cool and dry growing season in the summer, that lasts only about 6–8 weeks.

Winds are strong and constant. The constant wind makes unsheltered areas colder than sheltered spots, depositing snow in some places, while scouring the snow out of other locations. The constant wind increases loss of water from the plants to the atmosphere (transpiration). Sunlight is intense. Soils are thin and rocky, or absent. Soils are low in moisture. Rainfall is rare. Almost all of the  of annual precipitation falls as snow, and growing season can be as short as just days. Annual plants must quickly grow to maturity, and all plants must quickly flower and develop mature seed.

Characteristic growth patterns and physiology

Above the tree line, extreme winds preclude tree-like growth. Constant winds hitting the plants limits their size and flattens their shape. Small size or dwarfism is therefore an adaptive feature to the extremes, and most alpine plants are just a few inches tall. One botanist wrote, "Plants adapt by scrunching down close to the ground where botanists have to crawl around on their bellies with hand lenses to fully appreciate the diversity of life... Plants are mere centimeters tall, forming a mat so dense that it's hard to pick out separate species"., Another noted, "a world of miniature plants only a few inches high... leaves huddle near the ground or contour it with mats or cushions. Typically, the leaves of these plants are waxy or densely hairy - anything to protect them from the wind and intense solar radiation".

Alpine plants have many adaptations to aridity and intense sunlight in common with desert plants. Alpine plants often have gray appearance from hairs covering the leaves, which reflect the intense sunlight, and protect from winds that cause high rates of water loss through transpiration. Many Sierra Nevada alpine plants have reddish or whitish leaves to protect them from damage from intense ultraviolet radiation in the alpine zone. Fleshy roots and underground organs store food in the form of starches and sugars, allowing the plant to quickly grow when snow melts. Many plants form flower buds during the summer before the summer that they open, allowing a quick bloom for the short growing season.

Optimal temperatures for physiological processes may be lower than for lower elevation plants, and optimal light intensity for photosynthesis may be higher. Laboratory experiments showed the sierra Nevada alpine flora exhibited characteristic physiological responses. Germination best occurred at temperatures from . In the laboratory, there was strong dormancy control by short photoperiod, compared to lower elevation populations which had dormancy induced by either short or long photoperiods.

Evolutionary history and affinities
The flora has developed relatively recently, on its own, from western American sources. During the glaciation of the last ice age, some peaks stood out above the ice sheet (nunataks), and thus have a high diversity of pre-ice age alpine plants (relicts), an example being the Dana Plateau at Tioga Pass. Half of all the alpine plants found in the Sierra Nevada can be found on the Dana Plateau.

Many species also occur in, or have close relatives in, the Cascade Range and Rocky Mountains, e.g., the Penstemons (Penstemon spp., and Polemoniums (Polemoneaceae spp.).

A small group of Sierra Nevada alpine plants can found around the world in northern latitudes, which is called (circumboreal). An example is bush cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), which ranges throughout arctic regions of Alaska, Labrador, and the high mountains of Eurasia.

Diversity and taxa

Broad-leaved, erect perennials constitute about 50% of the species, with perennial graminoid (grasses or grass-like plants) species next at about 21%, and plants growing as mats or cushions at about 11%. Annuals plus woody shrubs total only about 6% of the flora.

There are over 500 floral species above , and almost 400 above . Almost 100 species reach elevations of , and more than 25 reach .

Six plant families encompass more than 50% of the alpine zone species. The sunflower family (Asteraceae) is represented by about 55 species, there are almost 40 species from the grass family (Poaceae), the mustard family (Brassicaceae) has 34 species, and sedges (Cyperaceae) have over 30 species represented.

The largest genus is Carex, the "true sedge", with about 50 species above , followed by Draba in the mustard family, then Lupinus in the legume family (Fabaceae) with about 10 species.

Almost 70 species (about 17% of the flora) can be found in both subalpine and alpine habitats. Over 25% range from the alpine zone all the way to foothill habitats below . Nine species are only found in the alpine zone (obligate) above .

In a transectional study running from the desert near Bishop, California (elevation ), to Piute Pass (elevation ), perennials dominated, but also present were several annual species. Annuals are also rare in other alpine floras, including arctic.

Transpiration rates are of importance in determining local distribution patterns of flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone.

Annuals

Annuals plus woody shrubs constitute only about 6% of the number of Sierra Nevada alpine floral species.

Sierra gentian (Gentianopsis holopetala), in the gentian family (Gentianaceae), is an erect or sprawling annual or perennial, growing in wet meadows from  elevation.

Toothed owl's clover (Orthocarpus cuspidatus) is not a true clover, but is in the broomrape family (Orobanche).

Low growing pussypaws (Cistanthe umbellata), in the purslane family (Portulacaceae), usually grows in damp, partially shaded areas, and can be found up to as high as  elevation. It grows in a basal rosette, radiating leaf bearing and flower-head bearing stems that hug the ground. When the ground warms, the stems lying on the ground rise, to a steep angle, lifting the flower heads.

Perennials
Characteristic perennials are low growing, small, and may be erect or form mats or cushions.  Broad-leaved, erect perennials constitute 50% of the diversity of Sierra Nevada alpine species, with mats and cushions 11%.

Swamp onion (Allium validum) is a perennial bulb in the onion family (Alliaceae) found in alpine wetlands to . The low-growing head of flowers of red sierra onion (Allium obtusum) appears to sit on the ground.

In the carrot family (Apiaceae), Clemen's mountain parsley (Oreonana clementis) forms a dense mat of tiny plants with tiny leave that might cover several square yards the area like a blanket. Sierra podistera (Podistera nevadensis) is compact, stemless, and found only above the timberline to .

Sunflower family (Asteraceae) perennials include western snakeroot (Ageratina occidentalis), an erect perennial to subshrub in the sunflower family that is found up to . Flat-topped pussytoes (Antennaria corymbosa) is a small (to ), mat-forming perennial herb, spreading via a tangled network of stolons. In the same genus are rosy pussytoes (A. rosea) and the mat forming Alpine Everlasting (A. media). Alpine aster (Aster alpigenus) stems may be lying on the ground (decumbent) or erect, and can be found up to  elevations. Dusty maidens (Chaenactis douglasii var. alpina), also called pincushion plant, is a sunflower family plant with cobwebby stems, and leaves and stems like a miniaturized version of its cousin, dusty maidens (var. douglasii). Yellow rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus) grows on dry, open slopes to , and Parry's rabbitbrush (C. parryi) on mountainsides and flats to .

Alpine fleabanes, or daisies, are sunflower family members. They include dwarf mountain fleabane, or cut-leaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), typifies the dwarfed growth pattern of the alpine zone, with disproportionately large flower heads compared to body size (1/4 to 1/2 the height of the flower stem). It grows as a mat or cushion on rocky slopes, talus, and rock ledges, to  elevation. Also growing to  elevation is the shorter rambling fleabane (E. vagus), which grows in talus and only gets  tall. dwarf daisy, (E. pygmaeus), grows from a woody taproot as a compact, cushion forming plant that can be found on rocky slopes and flats from . It provides some of the most vivid color in the alpine zone, with flowers sometimes blooming in such profusion that they cover the leaves and rocky sloes and flats below. Glacial daisy (E. glacialis) grows to , often in large colonies. Alpine daisy, or loose daisy (E. vagus) grows in rocky scree and in rock crevices, from  to as high as .

Golden yarrow, or wooly sunflower (Eriophyllum lanatum), found to , is not a true yarrow, but another member of the sunflower family, and is sometimes an annual. Prickly hawkweed (Hieracium horridum) is hairy and grows in rocky places and crevices. Foul smelling alpine gold (Hulsea algida) occurs only on talus (the pile of rocks at the bottom of cliffs), and rocky peaks as high as . It is unusually "tall" for an alpine zone plant, with stems reaching . At higher eleveations above the timber line, is a dwarf variety of pumice hulsea (H. vestita subsp. pygmaea) growing to .

Anderson's mountain crown (Oreostemma alpigenum) is another sunflower family erect perennial, found below . Alpine rock butterweed (Packera werneriifolia) is found on dry rocky slopes to . Alpine flames, or alpine golden-star (Pyrrocoma apargioides), is closely related to whitestem goldenbush (Ericameria discoidea), and grows from a basal rosette to . It is less well adapted to harsh alpine conditions than some other alpine zone plants, having relatively (to ) large leaves that are mostly hairless, and correspondingly is found growing in more protected sites, such as grassy meadows. Silky raillardella (Raillardella argentea) has fleshy leaves covered in silvery-white hairs on stems lying on the ground (decumbent), and grows to  or . Argenta" means "silvery', in reference to the leaves. "Dwarf mountain butterweed (Senecio fremontii) has stems lying on the rocky ground (decumbent) and grows to . Northern goldenrod (Solidago multiradiata) grows to  elevation, and has narrow leaves. Stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis) is mat-forming.

The borage family (Boraginaceae) has the genus Cryptantha, with plants similar in appearance such as low cryptantha (C. humilis), a relatively small, hairy perrential with dense, leafy stems from a woody base found up to . Sierra forget-me-not (C. nubigena) is found at even higher elevations, to , and is adapted to rigors of dry winds by being covered with long, stiff, bristly hairs. Timberline phacelia (Phacelia hastata) grows to . Streamside bluebells (Mertensia ciliata) grow in shaded, moist areas to .

The mustard family (Brassicaceae) has broad-seeded rock-cress (Arabis platysperma) growing to . Lemmon's draba, (Draba lemmonii), is hairy and mat forming, and covered in clusters of lemon yellow flowers that may look like patches of lichens from a distance, since it grows in rock crevices and rock ledges. Its leaves are hairy, but are greener than the typical gray wooly leaves of many alpine plants. Western wallflower (Erysimum capitatum), a biennial or short-lived perennial,grows to , and is also found in most other plant communities.

Pink family (Caryophyllaceae) member nuttall's sandwort (Minuartia nuttallii)) is a ground hugging mat with short, needle like leaves. Sargent's campion (Silene sargentii) is found in rock crevices to  or .

Rosy sedum (Rhodiola integrifolia), in the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae), has fleshy, moisture retaining leaves. Also fleshy is western roseroot (R. roseum supbsp. inegrifolium), found up to  in moist, rocky places. Its stems grow in such profusion that it appears to be a shrub, but it is not since it is not woody.

The legume family (Fabaceae) includes balloon milkvetch (Astragalus whitneyi), a spreading or erect perennial with papery balloon like seedpods, filled with air. The mat forming perennial or subshrub, Brewer's lupine (Lupinus breweri), is well adapted to the alpine zone, low growing, with hairy silver leaves that reflect the intense alpine sunlight and trap air to reduce the drying effects of constant winds. Alpine lupine, or dwarf lupine (Lupinus lepidus), has several semi-prostrate stems. Carpet clover (Trifolium monanthum) is found in moist, grassy places up to . King's clover (Trifolium kingii) grows on open slopes.

Explorer's gentian (Gentiana calycosa), in the gentian family (Gentianaceae), is one of the more conspicuous moist alpine meadow flowers, with deep blue  bell-shaped flowers, and found as high as , in meadows and on stream banks. Alpine gentian (Gentiana newberryi) is a late bloomer of the alpine zone, sometimes to early fall, growing from a basal rosette with stems lying on the ground (decumbent), and occurring in moist meadows as high as .

Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium), in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae), is named for its flaming color. Glaucus willow herb (Epilobium glaberrimum) found up to . Rock fringe (E. obcordatum) grows on dry slopes, nestles in crevices and peaks out from behind the rocks, and forms mats that sprawl across flats and edges of boulders, forming an apparent bright fringe on the edge of moist rocky ledges. Growing to  is diffuse gayophytum (Gayophytum diffusum).

Ladies Tresses (Spiranthes romanzoffiana)is a sweetly fragrant orchid family (Orchidaceae) member with a spiral of flowers.

Lemmon's paintbrush (Castilleja lemmonii), in the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae), is found in alipine meadows or dry, rocky places to .  Dwarf alpine Indian paintbrush (Castilleja nana) grows in dry alpine barrens to , exhibiting the small size characteristic of alpine flora, with several short erect stems typically less than , rarely reaching . Little elephants head (Pedicularis attollens) grows as short as  and to elevations of . Elephant's head (Pedicularis groenlandica)is as short as  and can be found up to .

The poppy family (Papaveraceae) has steer's head (Dicentra uniflora) and few-flowered bleeding heart (D. pauciflora), each growing to .

In the alpine zone, the lopseed family (Phrymaceae) has an occasional mat-forming primrose monkeyflower (Mimulus primuloides), which has been found in a wide range of elevations, from .

In the plantain family (Plantaginaceae), Torrey's few-eyed Mary (Collinsia torreyi) can be found as high as . Davidson's penstemon, or creeping penstemon (Penstemon davidsonii), is a perennial spreading mat, with several spreading flower stems. The tubular blossoms are longer than the stems of the dwarfed plant that supports them. (Penstemon heterodoxus) can be as small as , but usually forms mats to , ranging to  elevation. John Muir's favorite wildflower, mountain pride (Penstemon newberryi), "carpets granite slopes with brilliant pink flowers". Showy penstemon (Penstemon speciosus)) is a spreading perennial. American alpine speedwell (Veronica wormskjoldii) is an erect perennial that grows near moist streambanks and lakeshores from an underground stem (rhizome).

Phlox family (Polemoniaceae) perennials include dwarf phlox, or cushion phlox (Phlox condensata), which forms dense cushions plant with tiny branchlets only  long, tiny leaves only  long and well adapted to resist the high winds, and flowers forming a nearly solid floral blanket of the underlying plant. Spreading phlox (Phlox diffusa) is a matted perennial with sprawling stems. At very high-elevations is sky pilot (Polemonium eximium), which has tightly pinnate leaves similar to mousetail (Ivesia shockleyi), and can be found growing on talus and rocky outcrops on lofty peaks to . "With its dramatic beauty", sky pilot is "thought to be one of the finest and most beautiful Sierra wildflowers". Showy polemonium (Polemonium pulcherrimum) grows in most Sierra Nevada habitats, and has tightly pinnate leaves with leaflets reminiscent in appearance to the armored tail of a stagasaurus dinosaur.

Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) perennials include lady's thumb (Bistorta bistortoides), a perennial growing from a contorted rhizome (underground stem). Butterballs, or oval-leaved buckwheat (Eriogonum ovalifolium), has leaves that cluster very tightly forming almost impenetrable mats or cushions on sandy or gravelly flats and in rocky soils, and grows to  or  elevation. Frosted wild buckwheat (E. incanum) is densely covered with white hairs so as to appear "frosted", and grows to  elevation. Lobb's wild buckwheat (E. lobbii), growing to , is sprawling and grows from a thick, woody stem, with flower stalks lying on the ground.

Another buckwheat family member found growing in 13 named varieties, from the desert floor all the way up to , is naked stemmed eriogonum (E. nudum). There are also alpine zone varieties of the perennial to shrub sulfur flower, or sulfur buckwheat (E. umbellatum), that can be found up to  to  elevation. Alpine sorrel (Oxyria digyna) grows in crevices in cliffs and other rocky places to . It is unusual among alpine plants in that it has leaves that are relatively large, broad, and hairless (and edible, with a tangy-tart taste - "oxyria" meaning "sour").

The primrose family (Primulaceae) has the alpine shooting star (Dodecatheon alpinum), also found at lower elevation zones, and found near stream and lake sides. Also sierra primrose, (Primula suffrutescens ), considered by photographers to be one of the most spectacular alpine flowers, forms large mats around rocks and is covered with rose petals, similar to rock fringe (Epilobium obcordatum). It tends to grow on north facing slopes were there is moisture from melting snow.

In the purslane family (Portulacaceae) is dwarf lewisia, or alpine lewisia (Lewisia pygmaea), considered by some to be "one of the most beautiful and intriguing of the alpine floral treats", is found in higher elevation basins and slopes, from  all the way up to . Botanist Laird Blackwell describes the growth pattern of its fleshy leaves and colonies as "its basal leaves form amazing patterns on the ground like many-armed starfish reaching for the sky... this is a plant that begs for a long look and close examination regardless of where it happens to be in its blooming cycle."

The buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) has Drummond's anemone (Anemone drummondii), a showy perennial. Alpine columbine, or sierra yellow columbine (Aquilegia pubescens), "among the most spectacular eastern sierra flowers", grows as a  or smaller cushion, to . Unlike lower elevations, which are pollinated by hummingbirds that do not reach alpine elevations, alpine columbine is pollinated by moths, so are upright and totally ultraviolet reflecting white. Mountain larkspur (Delphinium glaucum) grows in wet meadows to . High mountain larkspur grows among willows and rocks along creeks, also up to  elevation. Buttercups (Ranunculus) are among the earliest blooming of the alpine zone. Water plantain buttercup (Ranunculus alismifolius) grows in wet meadows and banks up to , elevation. Alpine buttercup, or Eschscholtz's buttercup (R. eschscholtzii) can be found in rocky areas and meadows up to  or  elevation. Alpine buttercup is conspicuous with its bright lemon yellow flowers, which contrast with their rock environment.

Gordon's Ivesia (Ivesia gordonii) is in the rose family (Rosaceae), growing to elevations of . It has intricate  leaves growing from a basal rosette, which are pinnately divided into 10-20 pairs of opposite, tiny lobed leaflets, creating the appearance of a nest of green centipedes.
Club-moss (Ivesia lycopodioides) is not a moss, but a low growing perennial, with erect, but sprawling stems, growing in the crevices of rock ledges and in wet meadows. Mousetail ivesia (Ivesia santolinoides) has long  silvery leaves, and grows on gravels and ridges to . Mousetail (I. shockleyi) is a tiny herbaceous perennial. Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia procumbens) grows to .

Pink heuchera (Heuchera rubescens), in the saxifrage family (Saxifragaceae), is found in dry, rocky places, to . Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia californica) forms small patches of flowers up to . Alpine saxifrage (Saxifraga aprica) grows in wet, rocky flats and grassy meadows, in the lower alpine zone to . Pygmy saxifrage (S. rivularis) forms small tufts  high, and grows in damp, shaded places under overhanging rocks, and is found from as "low" as , to over .

Perennial grasslike plants
Perennial grasslike plants (graminoids) constitute 21% of the Sierra Nevada alpine species.

A characteristic grass family (Poaceae) is squirreltail (Elymus elymoides). Timberline bluegrass (Poa glauca) grows in the Central and Southern Sierra Nevada from .

Sierra sedge (Carex helleri), in the sedge family (Cyperaceae), grows on gravelly and rocky slopes up to . A characteristic sedge family member is alpine sedge (Carex subnigricans).

Parry's rush (Juncus parryi) of the rush family (Juncaceae) grows in dry, rocky places to .

Shrubs

Shrubs tend to be small, and low growing to cope with high wind conditions and dense snowcovering, forming mats and cushions. Woody shrubs together with annuals constitute only about 6% of the number of Sierra Nevada alpine floral species.

Whitestem goldenbush (Ericameria discoidea) is a compact woody-based shrub in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), grows on open rocky slopes to .

In the heath family (Ericaceae), white mountain heather (Cassiope mertensiana) is  tall, tiny-leaved, densely branching shrub growing on rocky ledges and in crevices up to elevations of . Swamp laurel (Kalmia polifolia) is a low (to  tall), branching, mat-forming evergreen shrub that grows in boggy alpine meadows or at the edge of water, up to .

Also in the heath family is purple mountain heather (Phyllodoce breweri), a low-growing, highly branched, multistemmed, evergreen shrub found in moist rocky places up to about  or . Dwarf bilberry, or sierra bilberry (Vaccinium caespitosum), is a tufted, low growing woody plant that make a red and gold carpet around alpine lakes in the fall. The western Labrador teas (Rhododendron columbianum and R. neoglandulosum), are not for tea, but are a poisonous, rigidly branched evergreen shrubs with fragrant white flowers, growing in moist places up to .

Mountain goosberry (Ribes montigenum), in the gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae), can be found as high as .

Cliffbush (Jamesia americana) is in the mock-orange family (Hydrangeaceae), and can be found to .

White globe gilia, or ballhead gilia> (Ipomopsis congesta subsp. montana), in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae) grows in mats to . Granite gilia, or prickly phlox (Linanthus pungens) is a  aromatic, hairy subshrub, having leaves with needle like lobes adapted to the alpine climate, that grows in a sprawling manner to elevations of .

Sierra primrose (Primula suffrutescens) is in the primrose family (Primulaceae), and is a sprawling, low growing subshrub found under overhanging rocks, and reaching only .

Creambush (Holodiscus microphyllus), rose family (Rosaceae) member  is a  shrub found to elevations of . Alpine Drummond's cinquefoil (Potentilla drummondii var. breweri), with smaller densely white-hairy leaves than less well adapted varieties growing below the alpine zone, grows to . Bush cinquefoil (P. fruticosa) is found around the world in northern latitudes (circumboreal), and in the alpine zone is dwarf shrub found in moist places up to  or  elevation.

The mat forming Rocky Mountain willow (Salix petrophila), in the willow family (Salicaceae), grows to only . Arctic willow (Salix arctica) is  tiny, creeping, prostrate, and mat forming. Snow willow (Salix reticulata) occurs in alpine cirques in Mono County, CA.

Ferns, bryophytes, lichens, fungi, and interacting animals
The macrolichen flora in the Sierra Nevada alpine zone of Mount Dana, Mammoth Peak, and the ridge above Parker Pass, is not well developed compared to neighboring alpine zones in the Rocky Mountains and mountains of the Pacific Northwest.

See also
 Alpine plant
 Alpine tundra
 Montane ecology
 Sierra Nevada
 Sierra Nevada subalpine zone

References

Alpine zone
Lists of flora of California
Sierra Nevada alpine zone
Sierra Nevada (United States)-related lists
Sierra Nevada


title: Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 69 kg

text:
The Women's 69 kg weightlifting event was an event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, limiting competitors to a maximum of  of body mass. The competition took place on 28 July and was the eighth weightlifting event to conclude. The event took place at the Clyde Auditorium.

Result

References

Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Common


title: Derley

text:
Derley may refer to:
Wanderley de Jesus Sousa (born 1986), Brazilian footballer
Derley (footballer, born 1987), Brazilian footballer

See also
Derlei (born 1975), Brazilian footballer


title: Moundland

text:
Moundland was a historic plantation home located between Simpsonville and Guilford, Howard County, Maryland, now part of the Columbia land development.

The stone manor home Moundland was built by Charles R. Stewart in 1846 for his daughter and her husband Charles Griffith Worthington Jr., who served on the first panel of Howard County Commissioners. The English imported locks on the house were dated to 1830. The 22 inch thick walls were quarried onsite and the original floors remained intact. The house neighbored Granite Park manor home, which was also built by Stewart.

In 1966, 245 acres of property surrounding the 10 acre Moundland site were purchased by the Howard Research and Development for the creation of the  Rouse Company planned community project called Columbia. The Moundland property was later purchased by South Columbia Baptist Church, which, in 1991, demolished Moundland to build a new church facility.

See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust

References

Houses completed in 1846
Howard County, Maryland landmarks
Houses in Howard County, Maryland


title: Anqi Luo

text:
Anqi Luo (born August 26, 1996) is a table tennis player competing for Canada. She won a bronze medal in the women's doubles with Zhang Mo at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.

References

Living people
Table tennis players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Canada
Canadian female table tennis players
1996 births
Canadian people of Chinese descent
Table tennis players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Table tennis players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in table tennis
Pan American Games medalists in table tennis
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Table tennis players from Guangdong
People from Foshan
Naturalised table tennis players
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Table tennis players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Stick It in Your Ear

text:
Stick It in Your Ear is Paul Laine's debut album. It was released on 1990 on Elektra Records. It includes the song "Dorianna", that peaked #76 in Canada in late 1990. The second single, "Is It Love", peaked #93 in Canada.

Track listing

Bonus tracks (2011 re-release)

Personnel

Paul Laine - vocals, guitars, keyboards, piano
Kenny Kaos - guitars
Paul Gogo - keyboards, backing vocals
John Webster - keyboards
Scott Brown - bass, backing vocals
Rene Worst - bass, fretless bass
Pat Steward - drums
Mickey Curry - drums
Bruce Fairbairn - piano

References

Paul Laine albums
1990 debut albums
Elektra Records albums


title: Salix petrophila

text:
Salix petrophila, commonly known as alpine willow and Rocky Mountain willow, is a Northwest American mountain shrub in the willow family (Salicaceae).

Habitat and range
It can be found in the subalpine zone and alpine zone of the Sierra Nevada range in wetlands such as moist banks and wet meadows, up to .

Growth pattern
It is often overlooked because although sprawling and mat-forming, it is very small for a shrub, growing to only  tall.

Leaves and stems
Leaves are  long, elliptic, with soft hairs on the surface when young. The other mat forming Sierra Nevada alpine willow, Salix nivalis, has smaller leaves ( that are hairless when young.

Inflorescence and fruit
Each plant has either all male or all female flowers, with an inflorescence that is a dense, upright catkin, growing to .

Ecological interactions
It is pollinated by ants, as are some other willows.

References

petrophila


title: Praying Drunk

text:
Praying Drunk is a collection of twelve short stories by Kyle Minor. The book was published in 2014 by Sarabande Books.

Reception
Reception to Praying Drunk has commonly noted how although the book is a collection of stories, the reader is strongly encouraged to read the stories consecutively. According to Kirkus Reviews, the stories together "present a powerful reflective narrative, offering perspectives on friends, family and faith."

Praying Drunk was reviewed by The New York Times Book Review on April 25, 2014 by Nicholas Mancusi. Mancusi writes: "Minor’s book is less a collection than an extended prayer, wrenched from the heart and wrought in the language of pain." He also notes that "beyond a certain threshold of grief and misery, the artistic returns diminish." Both Kirkus Reviews and The Boston Globe name "In a Distant Country" as the most affecting story in the collection.

In January 2015, it was awarded The Story Prize Spotlight Award, which honors a short story collection worthy of additional attention.

References

2014 short story collections
American short story collections


title: Matar Sène

text:
Matar Sène (born September 16, 1970 in Dakar) is a retired amateur Senegalese freestyle wrestler, who competed in the men's light heavyweight category. He picked up a silver medal in the 74-kg division at the 2003 All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria, and also represented his nation Senegal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Throughout his sporting career, Sene trained full-time for Ecurie Fass Wrestling Club in his native Dakar under his personal coach Lansana Coly.

Sene qualified for the Senegalese squad, as a 34-year-old veteran and a lone wrestler, in the men's 84 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He filled up an entry by the International Federation of Association Wrestling (FILA) through a tripartite invitation and an Olympic Solidarity program. Sene lost all three matches each to eventual Olympic bronze medalist Sazhid Sazhidov of Russia by a rare 17–0 thrashing, Tajikistan's Shamil Aliev (3–6), and four-time Olympic veteran Nicolae Ghiţă of Romania (3–11), leaving him on the bottom of the pool and placing seventeenth in the final standings.

References

External links
Profile – International Wrestling Database

1970 births
Living people
Olympic wrestlers for Senegal
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Dakar
Senegalese male sport wrestlers
African Games silver medalists for Senegal
African Games medalists in wrestling
Competitors at the 2003 All-Africa Games


title: List of pizza chains of the United States

text:
This is a list of pizza chains of the United States. This list is limited to pizza chain restaurants that are based, headquartered or originated in the United States.

Pizza chains of the United States

&pizza
America's Incredible Pizza Company
Arni's Restaurant
Aurelio's Pizza
Azzip Pizza
Bearno's
Bertucci's
Big Mama's & Papa's Pizzeria
Big Mario's Pizza
Blackjack Pizza
Blaze Pizza
Buddy's Pizza
Casey's General Stores
California Pizza Kitchen
Cassano's Pizza King
Chuck E. Cheese
Cicis
Cottage Inn Pizza
Dion's
Domino's Pizza
Donatos Pizza
DoubleDave's Pizzaworks
East of Chicago Pizza
Extreme Pizza
Fellini's Pizza
Figaro's Pizza
Fox's Pizza Den
Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana
Gino's East
Gino's Pizza and Spaghetti
Giordano's Pizzeria
Glass Nickel Pizza Company
Godfather's Pizza
Grimaldi's Pizzeria
Grotto Pizza
Happy Joe's
Happy's Pizza
Hideaway Pizza
Home Run Inn
Hungry Howie's Pizza
Hunt Brothers Pizza
Ian's Pizza
Imo's Pizza
Jerry's Subs & Pizza
Jet's Pizza
John's Incredible Pizza Company
LaRosa's Pizzeria
Ledo Pizza
Little Caesars
Lou Malnati's Pizzeria
Marco's Pizza
Marion's Piazza
Mazzio's
Mellow Mushroom
MOD Pizza
Monical's Pizza
Mountain Mike's Pizza
Mr. Gatti's Pizza
Noble Roman's
Old Chicago
Pagliacci Pizza
Papa Gino's
Papa John's Pizza
Papa Murphy's
Pat's Pizza
Patxi's Chicago Pizza
Peter Piper Pizza
Pie Five
Pieology
Pietro's Pizza
Pizza Factory
Pizza Fusion
Pizza Hut
Pizza Inn
Pizza My Heart
Pizza Patrón
Pizza Ranch
Pizza Schmizza
Pizza Studio
Regina Pizzeria
Rocky Rococo
Rosati's Authentic Chicago Pizza
Rotolo's Pizzeria
Round Table Pizza
Russo's New York Pizzeria
Sal's Pizza
Sammy's Pizza
Sarpino's Pizzeria
Sbarro
Shakey's Pizza
Sir Pizza
Sizzle Pie
Snappy Tomato Pizza
Straw Hat Pizza
Toppers Pizza
Two Boots
Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint
Uno Pizzeria & Grill
Upper Crust Pizzeria
Valentino's
Via Tribunali
Vocelli Pizza
Your Pie
zpizza

Former pizza chains
 Discovery Zone
 Eatza Pizza
 Pizza Corner
 ShowBiz Pizza Place
 Pizza Haven
 The Brothers Three

See also

 List of pizza chains
 List of pizza franchises
 List of restaurant chains
 List of restaurant chains in the United States
 Lists of restaurants

External links

Pizza

American cuisine-related lists


title: Canchacanchajasa

text:
Canchacanchajasa (possibly from Quechua kancha enclosure, enclosed place, yard, a frame, or wall that encloses, q'asa mountain pass, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, "Cancha Cancha mountain pass") is a  mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Calca District, north of the Urubamba River. Canchacanchajasa is situated southeast of Sirihuani, north of Cóndorhuachana and Huamanchoque and southwest of  Sahuasiray. It lies in the upper part of the Cancha Cancha valley (kancha kancha) at the Lares trek.

See also
 Pucaorjo

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Oak Hall (Columbia, Maryland)

text:
Oak Hall is a historic slave plantation home located in Columbia, Howard County, Maryland

Oak Hall was built as a sister house to the Waveland Manor built by Richard Dorsey in 1809 on a land grant named New Year's Gift which contained the 1732 Dorsey Family estate Elkhorn. The brick manor house featured 19 rooms and nine fireplaces. Outbuildings included a large frame barn. The manor was located adjacent to Christ Church Guilford.

The Dorsey family remained Confederate sympathizers through the civil war, providing more militia than any other family in the state.

Oak Hall remained in good condition throughout its history, and was demolished in November 1985 for a commercial land development. Oak Hall Lane in Columbia terminates at the former location of the residence with a small commercial office complex.

See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Christ Church Guilford

References

Houses completed in 1809
Howard County, Maryland landmarks
Houses in Howard County, Maryland
Buildings and structures in Columbia, Maryland
Demolished buildings and structures in Maryland
Buildings and structures demolished in 1985
Plantation houses in Maryland


title: Samuel Mann

text:
Samuel Mann is a New Zealand computer scientist, with interests in computer science education and sustainability. He is a full Professor  at Otago Polytechnic. He has published widely on sustainable practice, both in computing and more generally to apply to any discipline.  Mann was educated at the University of Otago where he studied botany and geography, before completing a PhD in Information Science.

Sustainable Practitioner
Mann developed the term "sustainable practitioner". In 2007 under Mann's guidance, Otago Polytechnic committed to the strategy that "every graduate may think and act as a sustainable practitioner".  Initiatives have included a Living Campus, and Sustainable Community Enterprise.

Mann is building an oral archive of conversations with sustainable practitioners. This is also broadcast on Otago Access Radio and podcast as Sustainable Lens. The goal is to create a searchable archive of conversations with people from many different fields who are applying their skills to a sustainable future.

CITRENZ
Since 2011 Mann has served as Chair of Computing and Information Technology Information and Education and Research NZ (CITRENZ).  In that role he oversaw the development of a new suite of computing programmes for all New Zealand polytechnics.

Awards
In 2009 Mann was awarded the Beeby Fellowship.  The Beeby Fellowship is a joint initiative between the New Zealand Council for Educational Research and the New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO.

Books authored
 The Green Graduate: Educating Every Student as a Sustainable Practitioner (2011) sets out a framework for integrating sustainability into every course of study.
 Sustainable Lens: a visual guide (2011)  traces the development of sustainability through its representation in diagrams.  It presents a model for seeing the world through a sustainability-driven perspective.

References

External links
 Official website
 Institutional listing

Living people
Academic staff of Otago Polytechnic
New Zealand computer scientists
University of Otago alumni
Sustainability advocates
Association of Community Access Broadcasters
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Fromia indica

text:
Fromia indica, commonly called Indian sea star or red starfish, is a species of marine starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae.

Description
Fromia indica can reach a diameter of about  to . When young, it is bright red with black tips (but not always), and can become a duller red at maturity. Some describe it as "red with a fine black mesh [of] interlinked lines.", a characteristic pattern which distinguishes it from the black-spotted sister species Fromia milleporella. Though this sea star normally has five rays, also called arms, some have been found with six, during periods of regeneration.

Distribution
This species can be found in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, from the Andaman islands as far west as Sri Lanka and as far east as the Fiji Islands. It can also be found as far north as Japan and as far south as Australia. The known range of latitude is between -23.5 and 18.85 degrees. Longitude is between -162 and 178.53 degrees. It is frequently imported for the fish trade via Sri Lanka.

Habitat
It lives in lagoons and outer reefs on all kinds of substrates at temperatures between  and . The animal is found at depths ranging from  or less to  or even .

Ecology
It feeds on detritus, microalgae, small benthic invertebrates, and other organic matter. It has reportedly eaten "weakened fish on the verge of dying."

Nutrition and management of the aquarium
The species appears to be safe for reef aquariums. This sea star may be fed small pieces or pellets of seafood such as shrimp or scallop. Though it is familiar to most hobbyists, it is not easy to maintain.  This is because it is very sensitive to changes in water chemistry and often succumbs rapidly to bacterial infection due to rough handling, poor acclimatization, and starvation.

Fromia elegans

In 1921, H. L. Clark described a species of sea star, commonly known as Little red star, as Fromia elegans. In 1938, Engel collected specimens he believed to be F. elegans. Hayashi studied Engel's collection, and finding the specimens to be the same species as Fromia indica, considered the names to be synonymous. In 1971, A. M. Clark believed there were enough differences between some specimens that they should be separate species, and that Engel's 1938 specimens may have been F. indica mistaken for F. elegans. Marsh doubted this in 1977, though she didn't have evidence. Engel's description is now considered a synonym, and informally a forma, of Fromia indica, while H. L. Clark's description is accepted as a full species.

References

External links

indica
Starfish described in 1869


title: Taylorsport, Kentucky

text:
Taylorsport is an unincorporated community in Boone County, Kentucky, in the United States.

History
Founded in 1827 as a warehouse and ferry crossing at the mouth of Elijah's Creek marked the beginning of Taylorsport. In 1836, James Taylor Jr. of Campbell County established a ferry here and named the town after himself. Over the years, Taylorsport has lost a street, a row of houses, and a cemetery to the waters of the Ohio River.

Geography
Taylorsport is just north of Interstate 275, Exit 8. Sayler Park is on the other side of the Ohio River, north of Taylorsport. This is where the ferry crossing from Taylorsport went. Kentucky Route 8 runs right through Taylorsport as well.

Natural disasters

When the devastating tornado of 1974, part of the 1974 Super Outbreak, hit Sayler Park it also hit Taylorsport. It destroyed Morehead Marine Service, damaged 50 homes and 20 barns, 186 boats, and killed 50 dairy cows in both communities.

References

Unincorporated communities in Boone County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: .350 Rigby

text:
The .350 Rigby and .350 Rigby No 2 are proprietary medium bore rifle cartridges developed by John Rigby & Company.

Design
The .350 Rigby and .350 Rigby No 2 are both bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridges, originally both cartridges fired a bullet of  weighing .

.350 Rigby
The .350 Rigby, also known as the .350 Rigby Magnum and the .350 Rigby Nitro Express, is a rimless cartridge intended for use in Mauser magnum length bolt action magazine sporting rifles, it fires its bullet at a muzzle velocity of .

.350 Rigby No 2
The .350 Rigby No 2 is the rimmed version of the .350 Rigby, intended for use in single shot and double rifles, it shares the same cartridge case as the Rigby's earlier .400/350 Nitro Express, but fires the lighter 225 grain bullet of the .350 Rigby at a muzzle velocity of .

History
John Rigby & Co introduced both cartridges in 1908, intended for use as an all-round African hunting rounds, they were somewhat overshadowed by the arrival of the .375 Holland & Holland in 1912, although some sportsmen preferred these cartridges to the latter as the Rigby cartridges had less recoil.

Use
The .350 Rigby and .350 Rigby No 2 have been used successfully as general purpose African hunting cartridges on most African game species.

Famous users included Denys Finch Hatton, Pete Pearson and  John "Pondoro" Taylor.  In his African Rifles and Cartridges Taylor wrote of the .350 Rigby "There is nothing spectacular about this cartridge; it has never had the write-up that the .318 and .375 Magnum get from time to time; nevertheless, it is a splendidly effective shell and at ranges of up to at least 150 yards kills as instantaneously as the .375 Magnum. In addition, it has an appreciably lighter recoil."

See also
Nitro Express
List of rifle cartridges
9mm rifle cartridges

References

External links
 Ammo-One, ".350 Rigby Magnum", ammo-one.com, retrieved 8 November 2017.
 Peter Carr, ".350 Magnum Rigby", sahunters.co.za, retrieved 6 August 2014.
 Cartridgecollector, ".350 Rigby Magnum", cartridgecollector.net, retrieved 8 November 2017.
 The Spanish Association of Cartridge Collectors, ".350 Rigby Magnum", municon.org, archived 1 January 2015.

Pistol and rifle cartridges
British firearm cartridges
John Rigby & Co cartridges
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1908


title: Sebastian Poon

text:
Sebastian Poon Wan-fung (born 30 May 1978), also known as his stage name "Tong Hing", is the guitarist and songwriter of the Hong Kong-based band Sugar Club.

Biography
Sebastian Poon worked as a computer cartographer and guitar teacher before signing WOW Music. In 2007, Sebastian decided to form the band Sugar Club with Kandy Wong, who was introduced by his friend. Later, Sugar Club gained the opportunity to perform at Langham Place The Mall every week, until December, 2010.

In 2008, Sugar Club's performance was admired by WOW Music and they were signed to the record label at the same year. On 30 December 2010, they released their debut album I Love Sugar Club Best.

In 2011, Sebastian proposed to his girlfriend Jessie on the first big concert of Sugar Club, and held their wedding ceremony in April, 2013.

In addition to the songs for Sugar Club, Sebastian also writes songs for other singers including Jason Chan, Dicky Cheung, etc.

Filmography

Television dramas

Films

References

External links
 Sebastian's Instagram
 Sebastian's Sina Weibo

1978 births
Living people
Hong Kong songwriters
Hong Kong guitarists
21st-century guitarists


title: The Shawn Mendes EP

text:
The Shawn Mendes EP is the debut extended play by Canadian singer Shawn Mendes, released on July 28, 2014 by Island Records. It debuted at number 5 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with sales of 48,000 copies in its first week. The EP includes the single "Life of the Party", which was a moderate success. The extended play was later removed from the iTunes Store and "Show You", "One of Those Nights" and "The Weight" were released as separate promotional singles. "The Weight" was included in the deluxe edition of Mendes' debut studio album Handwritten. As of April 2016, the EP has sold 103,000 copies in the United States.

Background
After signing with Island Records in May 2014, Mendes began working on his self-title debut EP. The first single, "Life of the Party", was released on June 25, 2014. The song was a success, debuting at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 on July 12, 2014. This made him the youngest artist to debut in the top 25 of the Hot 100 since Justin Bieber's "One Less Lonely Girl" in 2009, and the youngest artist ever to debut in the top 25 with their debut single.

Speaking about the songwriting process, Mendes shared that "Show You" is the song he connects the most with on the EP, saying "I really love that song. The meaning behind it is basically to tell people that there is always going to be someone who tells you, you cannot do this. A lot of people told me I wouldn’t be able to handle the stress because I am so young for whatever. Or you can’t be the captain of your soccer team because you are too heavy, or not fast enough, whatever the reason is that people say you cannot do something, show them you can do it. It is a very empowering song and it makes me feel super uplifted and proud when I sing it. It’s cool."

Promotion
Mendes appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show to perform "Life of the Party", and announce that he would be doing a mini headlining tour in support of the EP.

Commercial performance
Following its release, "The Shawn Mendes EP" reached the number one spot on iTunes just 37 minutes after it was released at midnight on July 28, 2014. By the end of the week, Mendes had sold 48,000 copies of the EP in the United States, giving him his first top 5 album on the Billboard 200.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

2014 debut EPs
Shawn Mendes albums


title: Gennaro Serra, Duke of Cassano

text:
Gennaro Serra, Prince of Cassano (September 30, 1772 – August 20, 1799) was an Italian revolutionary and soldier, who fought for the brief Parthenopean Republic in Naples.

Biography
He was born at Portici to a prominent aristocratic family. His mother was Giulia Carafa and his father was the Duke Luigi Francesco Serra of Cassano (Calabria). As a young man, he traveled with his elder brother Giuseppe, the Marquis of Trevi, to study in Paris. There, however, he became attached to revolutionary republican ideas.

Returning to Naples in 1795, he was soon arrested for distributing copies of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. He was freed along with Mario Pagano and Ignazio Ciaia on July 25, 1798, after the intervention of members of the court.

In January 1799, when the French army of General Championett and a rebellion in Naples forced the King Ferdinand IV of Naples to scurry to safety in Sicily, Serra was among the young nobles who joined the efforts to defend the Parthenopean Republic. His father was invited to participate in the city council, but turned down the offer. Giuseppe took his place. Gennaro was made captain of the National Guard established to defend the city.

When the directory commissioned Serra to establish a cavalry unit to help defend the city, the pamphletist Eleonora Pimentel criticized the goal as elitist: "Only young men of fortune conveniently have horses, who exercised them at the races, at games, and in horse riding: (we should) also invite young people from less fortunate who can not have them to join the cavalry". Serra, as head of the National Guard, seeing the precariousness of the situation, opined "that before we can reach the good of existing perfectly, we wish to start with existing; and a good body of cavalry will further the existence of the Republic".

By early summer, the French had retreated, and the Republic collapsed under the assaults by the Sanfedisti under Cardinal Ruffo. Gennaro was among the last resistors who held the Palace of Capodimonte. While he had surrendered to Ruffo under terms that spared his life, Ferdinand did not respect the terms, and ordered Gennaro and many other republicans beheaded. His last words at his public execution in the mercato were:

Eleonora Pimentel, Giuliano Colonna, Filippo Marini, the priest Nicola Pacifico, and the Bishop of Vico, Michele Natale, were executed on the same day. Only Colonna and Serra were beheaded.

Legacy
Like many young persons caught up in the counter-revolutionary purges, such as Luisa Sanfelice and Ettore Carafa, his courage and idealism reverberated with future aspiring patriots. It is said that at the Palazzo Serra di Cassano in Naples, the door facing towards the Royal Palace was walled off by Gennaro's mother in protest of the execution of her son.

References

Further reading
Pietro Gargano (1999). Gennaro Serra di Cassano: un portone chiuso in faccia al tiranno. Magmata.

1772 births
1799 deaths
18th-century Neapolitan people
Executed Italian people
Italian revolutionaries
People of the Parthenopean Republic


title: Money Sucks, Friends Rule

text:
Money Sucks, Friends Rule is the debut studio album by Dillon Francis, an American electronic music producer known for being one of the pioneers of moombahton and moombahcore. The album features collaborations from artists such as Major Lazer, Martin Garrix, Mad Decent label-mate DJ Snake, rapper Twista, Panic! at the Disco's Brendon Urie and more. It was released on October 27, 2014, on Mad Decent in collaboration with Columbia Records.

The album debuted on Billboard 200 at No. 40, and No. 2 on the Dance/Electronic Albums chart, selling 9,000 copies in its first week. The album has sold 20,000 copies in the US as of July 2015.

Background
On 2013, Francis announced in a headlining Wurld Turr that he was working on a debut album and that it's set to be released on 2014. On April 22, 2014, he announced the name of his album Money Sucks, Friends Rule, and on August 5, 2014, he revealed the released date of the album.

On March 22, 2014, Francis announced via his official Twitter account that his debut album, entitled Money Sucks, Friends Rule, will be released on October 27, 2014, on Mad Decent and Columbia Records.

Singles
"Get Low" was released as the album's lead single on 11 February 2014, with the collaboration of French DJ and producer DJ Snake. On April 4, 2015, a remix featuring Rae Sremmurd was released.

"When We Were Young" with the collaboration of Sultan + Ned Shepard featuring The Chain Gang of 1974 was released as the album's second single on 5 August 2014.

"I Can't Take It" was released on 25 August 2014, as the third single of the album.

"We Make It Bounce" was released with the collaboration of electronic music trio Major Lazer, featuring reggae singer Stylo G on 16 September 2014, as the album's fourth single.

“Set Me Free” was released on 7 October 2014, as the album's fifth single with the collaboration of Dutch DJ Martin Garrix.

"Love in the Middle of a Firefight" was released as the sixth single of the album, on 16 October 2014, featuring Panic! at the Disco member Brendon Urie.

"Not Butter" was released as the album's seventh and final single, on 22 June 2015.

Track listing

Notes
 signifies an additional producer

Charts

References

2014 debut albums
Albums produced by Dillon Francis
Albums produced by Major Lazer
Columbia Records albums
Electronic albums by American artists
Dillon Francis albums


title: TringMe

text:
TringMe is an Indian internet telephony company based in Bangalore. It focuses on a Flash-based browser client and the related API.

History
It was founded by Yusuf Motiwala & Apul Nahata in 2007, after Yusuf's father complained of downloads required to use VoIP programs. The firm focused on a browser-based app. The duo invested  of their own money initially in the venture. In October 2009, TringMe released a Facebook app. It won the NASSCOM's Most Innovative Startup award in 2009.

See also
 Skype
 Gizmo5

References

External links
 Official website

VoIP companies
Android (operating system) software
IOS software


title: Disney's Brother Bear (video game)

text:
Disney's Brother Bear is a video game released by Disney as a tie-in to the 2003 theatrical film Brother Bear. It was released in 2003: November 4 for Game Boy Advance, November 21 for Microsoft Windows, and for mobile phones.

Development
The PC version is a 3D platform game published by Disney Interactive and released on November 11, 2003.

The Game Boy Advance version was released on November 4, 2003. It is a platforming game that was published by Disney Interactive and developed by Vicarious Visions.

Reception

PC version
AceGamez rated the game 6 out of 10, GameZone rated it 7 out of 10, PC Format UK rated it 27 out of 100, and PC Gamer UK rated it 62 out of 100. Childrenssoftware.com gave the game 4.5/5, writing: "The humor and adventure make the transition from large to small screen nicely. Although the game is marketed to kids ages 6 and older, the gameplay can be challenging. Our nine to fourteen year old testers liked the game". jkdmedia of Gamezone said: "This game appears to be a fun, action packed game, with lots of cool mini-games that can be played independently. I say 'appear', because frankly, due to many technical issues in running the game, we didn't get all the way through the game. There is a lot of game here, though, with plenty of easy exploration and item collecting". SuperKids gave the game a 3.0 for Educational Value, 4.0 for Kid Appeal, and 5.0 for Ease of Use. It said: "While Brother Bear is a fun-packed game that reinforces the importance of friendship and listening, it does not address the classic 3 R's", and noted "even if kids have not seen Disney's Brother Bear movie, they will enjoy this fun adventure".

GBA version
GameZone rated the game 8 out of 10, Nintendo Power rated it 3.3 out of 5, and Nintendojo rated it 6.6 out of 10.

References

2003 video games
Brother Bear
Disney video games
Game Boy Advance games
Mobile games
Platformers
Single-player video games
Unreal Engine games
Vicarious Visions games
Video games about bears
Video games based on animated films
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in Alaska
Windows games
Amaze Entertainment games
3D platform games


title: Results of the 1962 New South Wales state election

text:
This is a list of electoral district results for the 1962 New South Wales state election.

Results by Electoral district

Albury

Armidale

Ashfield−Croydon

Auburn

Balmain

Bankstown

Barwon

Bass Hill

Bass Hill was a new seat that was notionally a safe Labor seat.

Bathurst

Blacktown

Blacktown became a notional Labor seat in the redistribution.

Bligh

 Bligh was a new seat created from the abolished districts of Paddington−Waverley, held by Keith Anderson (Labor) and Woollahra held by Vernon Treatt (Liberal). It was a notionally a marginal Liberal seat.

Bondi

Bulli

Burrinjuck

Burwood

Byron

Canterbury

Casino

Castlereagh

Cessnock

Clarence

Cobar

Collaroy

Concord

Coogee

Cook's River

Cronulla

Drummoyne

 Drummoyne became a notional Labor seat in the redistribution.

Dubbo

Dulwich Hill

Earlwood

East Hills

Eastwood

Fairfield

Georges River

Gloucester

Gordon

Stewart Fraser was the sitting  member however he lost pre-selection.

Gosford

Goulburn

Granville

Hamilton

Hartley

Hawkesbury

Hornsby

Hurstville

Illawarra

Kahibah

King

Kirribilli

 Kirribilli was a new seat that was notionally a safe Liberal seat.

Kogarah

Kurri Kurri

Lake Macquarie

Lakemba

Lane Cove

Lismore

 The Country Party had won the 1959 election for Lismore by 2 votes, however it was declared void by the Court of Disputed Returns. The resulting by-election was won by Keith Compton (Labor).

Liverpool

Maitland

Manly

Maroubra

Marrickville

Monaro

Mosman

Mudgee

Murray

Murrumbidgee

Nepean

Newcastle

Orange

Oxley

Parramatta

Phillip

Raleigh

Randwick

Redfern

Rockdale

Ryde

South Coast

Sturt

Sutherland

Tamworth

Temora

Tenterfield

The Hills

 The Hills was a new seat that was notionally a safe Liberal seat. Alfred Dennis was the sitting Liberal member for Blacktown.

Upper Hunter

Vaucluse

Wagga Wagga

Wakehurst

 Wakehurst was a new seat that was notionally a safe Liberal seat.

Waratah

Wentworthville

 Wentworthville was a new seat that was notionally a safe Labor seat.

Willoughby

Wollondilly

Wollongong−Kembla

Wyong

 Wyong was a new seat that was notionally a safe Labor seat.

Young

See also

 Candidates of the 1962 New South Wales state election
 Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1962–1965

Notes

References

1962


title: Garrison Church, Sydney

text:
The Garrison Church is a heritage-listed active Anglican church building located at Argyle Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Henry Ginn (1st stage), Edmund Blacket (2nd stage) and built from 1840 to 1846 by Edward Flood and George Patton. It is also known as Holy Trinity Anglican Church and Hall. The property is owned by Anglican Church Property Trust and was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

The Garrison Church is the first military church built in colonial Australia. It continues as an active Anglican church, and since 1 November 2013 has operated in a joint parish with St Philip's Church, part of the Diocese of Sydney.

History

Despite the proximity of Miller's Point to The Rocks and the initial settlement of Sydney, the inaccessibility of Miller's Point meant it was not settled until 1810s. Industry began in the 1820s with windmills on the high ground and then extended into commercial maritime facilities, which took advantage of the deep foreshore. From the 1830s onwards the commercial activities led to the development of residences for middle-class merchants and professionals.

The first church in Miller's Point was St Philip Anglican Church, established in 1797 and completed in 1810, before the large-scale commercial development of the area. The maritime activities bought an influx of parishioners that the church could not physically contain. Seating capacity at St Philip's Church had been outgrown by the congregation. A solution was the establishment of the parish of Holy Trinity. The Garrison Church was planned at a meeting convened by Reverend William Cowper on 23 December 1839 when a resolution passed to petition Governor Major Sir George Gipps for the establishment of the parish. Gipps granted approval in January 1840 and Henry Ginn was immediately engaged to draw up plans for the new church.

Cowper made a significant contribution to funding the church, stipulating that it be named "The Holy Trinity". The foundation stone was laid by Bishop William Broughton on 23 June 1840. At the foundation service The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Broughton concluded his address "expressing his belief that those present would not only avail themselves of the building about to be erected for perpetuating the true worship of the true God, but also expressing his fervent wishes that the building might for generations be devoted to the purposes for which it was to be constructed." The Garrison Church was one of nine or ten churches under construction at the time, projects considered by The Sydney Morning Herald at the time to "clearly prove ... still Religion and Morality are rapidly advancing amongst us".

Building continued slowly due to the depression of the 1840s. In 1844 Broughton gave Rev. John Couch Grylls a licence to conduct services in the partially completed building. The first service was held on Whitsunday in 1844. It was hoped the arrangement would be short-lived and the Church could be consecrated, however this did not occur until 2000. Grylls was appointed and licensed soon after, on a salary of £500 (including £200 from the Government) and died in 1854. The parishioners began looking at completing the building works to the Church. A building committee was established in 1855 and engaged Edmund Blacket to prepare plans, which included a tower and spire. Blacket's plans were adopted on a reduced scale, but work was not completed until 1878.

The church was the official Garrison church for the imperial troops at Dawes Point Battery until they were withdrawn from Sydney in 1870. A small adjoining hall was used as a school, and for a time was the headquarters of the 30th Scottish Battalion, which continued its relationship with the church at anniversaries. The church held a collection of military items dating back to the early years of the Colony and these were displayed in the hall which operated as a military museum for some thirty years. The museum was run by Myra Demetriou, who was assisted by other volunteers, many of whom were drawn from the military who attended commemorative services at the church. The museum closed when Myra's eyesight failed and the collection was dispersed.

For some years the Garrison Church was the "parish church" of Government House.

The demographic of the area, containing mainly middle-class merchants and professionals, made Holy Trinity a wealthy parish and on the completion of the building works, the parish remained stable until 1890s. The depression of the 1890s together with the rise of territorial gangs in the area and the Bubonic plague had a negative impact on the parish and it went into decline. By the 1930s the Government resumptions, World War I and the Great Depression had changed the demographic to a poorer, working-class neighbourhood with fewer Anglicans. There was no resident minister, but the Church continued with services, Sunday School and a Mothers' Union. In 1938 the Church decided not to continue with the dream of completing the tower and spire, instead turning the fund over to fixing the church and hall. During World War II the hall was used as a Church of England National Emergency Fund hostel for servicemen, a function that continued into the 1950s.

The first history of the Church was written in 1940 to commemorate the centenary of laying the foundation stone. Rev. Archibald W. Morton wrote the history and included a list of English regiments "who worshiped here during the period the Church was used by the Garrison Forces". This was the first link between the Church and the Garrison and as a result, in 1952, the military insignia of the forces were dedicated in the nave and the Church renamed Holy Trinity Garrison Church. Holy Trinity, however, was not a place of worship for the Garrison - St Philip had been before the construction of Victoria Barracks. The Church did continue to minister to the troops at the Dawes Battery and other military associations included regular attendance by a squad from the Naval Volunteer Artillery at morning services. During the early 20th century Charles Rosenthal, a member of the parish, was a part-time commissioned officer serving with the Australian Garrison Artillery and seems to have established a connection between the two. The erection of a drill hall for the 30th Battalion, NSW Scottish Regiment in 1916 on Lower Fort Street led to an association with the Royal NSW Regiment.

Description
The Garrison Anglican Church is located at the intersection of Argyle Street and Lower Fort Street, Millers Point. The church is situated to the east of the Argyle Place public reserve and is north of the Observatory Hill public reserve. The church is surrounded by houses and terraces from the Georgian and Victorian periods. The site includes the church, parish hall and is defined by the "village square" of Argyle Place public reserve that encompasses; historic residences to the north, mid-nineteenth and early twentieth century residences in Lower Fort Street, including the rectory, commercial premises and the former Army Drill Hall. Included in the church precinct is a rectory, commercial premises, a former army drill hall, and parish hall. 50, 52, 54 and 56 Lower Fort Street are early twentieth century residences.

Church
The rear of Holy Trinity Anglican Church is defined by an irregularly formed public right of way known as Trinity Avenue. The church was constructed from locally quarried sandstone and contains a wide nave with aisles and chancel and vestry on the east end, which is the oldest portion of the church. Externally the nave comprises a series of buttresses and five windows with stone tracery, label moulds and carved foliage bosses on each of the south and north elevations. There exists a single large window on west elevation, one window on the southwest wall. The western and eastern buttresses are carried up in elegant carved stone pinnacles. The gable roof is clad in slate with six timber and iron ventilators. The west gable apex is surmounted by a stone carving of the holy cross and the east apex has a stone belfry. A panel of the west gable has been sheeted in timber to cover a bell system installed 1971. The eleven stained glass windows in the aisles primary from the late 1870s.

The church building was designed by Henry Ginn, and built by mason George Payten/Paton and builder Edward Flood. The authorisation was for a north-south building, but it was built east-west. Lighting was installed in 1850 after a special collection for the purpose. Colonial architect Edmund Blacket made some enhancements to the building in the period 1855-1859, including adding the wine-glass shaped pulpit, and the north-eastern vestry. The design included a tower at the west end, which although it received support in a split vote in 1887, was never built, and the large buttresses built in preparation have since been reduced.

The eastern stained-glass window by C. Clutterbuck was purchased for £100 in 1860, and has corbels in the form of human heads (traditionally thought to be Queen Victoria and Prince Albert). It was installed in the chancel in 1861 by Rose Scott in memory of her parents Helenus and Augusta Maria Scott. It shows scenes representing the Annunciation, the Adoration of the Shepherds, the Baptism of Christ and the Ascension, and has been called "one of the most beautiful windows in Australia".

A window on the south wall is dedicated to Dr James Mitchell and his wife Augusta Mary Mitchell (Helenus Scott's sister), the parents of David Scott Mitchell. Another of the southern windows is dedicated to John Flavelle, a prominent optician and jeweller. Several other windows were presented by James Merriman, after whose family the nearby Merriman Street is named, one of the windows is a memorial to his son. One of the windows on the northern wall is a memorial to William George Summerbell, and another to George Atherden.

Many of the memorials in the church are military related, although in the sanctuary there are also a number of memorials to clergy.

The architecture was considered to be of "mixed Gothic" style. The dimensions are approximately  by , and the height of the walls about . It is constructed with sandstone from the nearby Argyle Cut. The nave has two high arcades formed by five horseshoe arches supported by solid stone columns.

A reconstruction was undertaken in 1878, which included installing arches with a  span resting on four pillars on each side of the church. A renovation and restoration was completed in 1938.

One of the stained glass windows, depicting the Angel of Death sheltering a small child, was the subject of an Australian Christmas stamp in 1984.

Modifications and dates
A panel of the west gable has been sheeted in timber to cover a bell system installed 1971. The timber sheeting was removed prior to 2019 and around the time roof was reslated.

Rectors
1844–1854 John Crouch Grylls
1858–1880 Edward Rogers
1899 R. Noake
1902 P. W. Dowe
1904 G. S. Fielding
1907–1912 Gerard D'Arcy-Irvine
1921 John Done
1933–1937 Stanley Grant Best
1941 A. W. Morton
1941 C. K. Hammond
1965 Allan Yuill

Ministry
Records right back to the 1840s record a history of charitable giving by the church in response to regional emergencies including the 1848 sinking of the steamer Sovereign, and the 1851 Gundagai floods. Collections were also taken in aid of the poor in the parish.

The church has hosted events for a number of other organizations, including the Naval Brigade in 1905, and a five-day campaign of the Sydney University Evangelical Union in 1940.

Notable attendees
Dame Eadith Walker was baptised at the Garrison Church, and Sir George Reid and Sir Edmund Barton both reportedly received part of their education in the associated school hall.
Glenn McGrath and Jane McGrath's wedding was at the Garrison Church, as was Jane's funeral.

Heritage listing
As at 17 July 2007, Holy Trinity Anglican Church is a unique complex of church and former school hall in Sydney which is rare in New South Wales in regard to its age, architecture, and historic associations. The construction of the church and adjoining school was initiated by the Church Act of 1836; the church being completed in stages between 1840 and 1878 to designs prepared by Henry Ginn and Edmund T. Blacket in the archaeologically correct Gothic Revival style, and the school between 1846 and ca.1860. The church is one of the earliest extant ecclesiastical structures in the state, while the former school hall is a unique rare survivor of the era. Consciously sited against the rock scarp and fronting the public reserve of Argyle Place, the mid-nineteenth century setting of the church is unique. The church and its contents demonstrate the nineteenth century commercial importance of the harbourside suburb, and the political and social status of the parish. The strong support for the establishment of the church by Bishop Broughton was sustained by prominent local families. Parishioner's endowments have included the unique east window (1861) imported from the workshop of Charles Clutterbuck of London, and the locally produced Lyon and Cottier windows (1878). the former school exhibits similar associations with the nineteenth century history of this city suburb. The comparatively recent military associations of the church are of considerable social significance, while the importance of the church to the broader community of the state is demonstrated through ongoing material support by institutions such as the National Trust. More importantly the church continues to serve members of the Anglican Church.

Garrison Anglican Church Precinct was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

Garrison Anglican Church is of State significance in demonstrating a significant historical process. The construction of the church was initiated in 1840 shortly after the passing of the Church Act of 1836. The Act provided State aid to the major church denominations for the construction of new churches, employment of ministers, etc., as such placed for the first time in the history of New South Wales each of the religions on an equal footing. The church and adjoining school hall were built through funds secured by the Anglican church under the provisions of the Act.

The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

Garrison Anglican Church is of State significance for its associations with William Grant Broughton, Bishop of Australia. Broughton supported the establishment of the parish.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

The Garrison Church is of State significance as an early example of the archaeologically correct Gothic Revival style in NSW. The eastern stained glass window is of State significance as one of the earliest instances of stained glass in NSW. This early window is complemented by a set of Lyon and Cottier windows from the second half of the 19th century.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

The Garrison Church is of State significance as a place of commemoration of the nation's military past. This is borne out by the continuing tradition of placing memorials in the Church and the use of the hall for exhibits. The Garrison Church is of local significance as a place of worship since the 1840s.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

The Garrison church is of State significant rarity as one of five extant churches built after the passing of the Church Act of 1836 with money provided by the Government. The Garrison parish hall is of State significance as a rare, possibly unique, extant example of a parochial school erected in the 1840s. The Church and hall are of State significance as the only known ecclesiastical and educational work of architect Henry Ginn. It is one of only three examples of Ginn's work extant in NSW. The stained class east window is of State significance as one of the earliest uses of stained glass in NSW (1861). Other elements of the church fittings are rare, for example the raised pulpit.

See also

 Australian non-residential architectural styles
 List of Anglican churches in the Diocese of Sydney

References

Bibliography

Attribution

External links

Anglican church buildings in Sydney
Anglican Diocese of Sydney
Edmund Blacket buildings in Sydney
Edmund Blacket church buildings
Millers Point
Millers Point, New South Wales
Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
Churches completed in 1846
1846 establishments in Australia
New South Wales places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
Gothic Revival church buildings in Australia
Gothic Revival architecture in Sydney


title: BadUSB

text:
BadUSB is a computer security attack using USB devices that are programmed with malicious software. For example, USB flash drives can contain a programmable Intel 8051 microcontroller, which can be reprogrammed, turning a USB flash drive into a malicious device. This attack works by programming the fake USB flash drive to emulate a keyboard, which once plugged into a computer, is automatically recognized and allowed to interact with the computer, and can then initiate a series of keystrokes which open a command window and issue commands to download malware.

The BadUSB attack was first revealed during a Black Hat talk in 2014 by Karsten Nohl, Sascha Krißler and Jakob Lell.  Two months after the talk, other researchers published code that can be used to exploit the vulnerability. In 2017, version 1.0 of the USG dongle, which acts like a hardware firewall, was released, which is designed to prevent BadUSB style attacks.

Criminal usage

In March 2020, the FBI issued a warning that members of the FIN7 cybercrime group have been targeting companies in the retail, restaurant, and hotel industries with BadUSB attacks designed to deliver REvil or BlackMatter ransomware.  Packages have been sent to employees in IT, executive management, and human resources departments.   One intended target was sent a package in the mail which contained a fake gift card from Best Buy as well as a USB flash drive with a letter stating that the recipient should plug the drive into their computer to access a list of items that could be purchased with the gift card.  When tested, the USB drive emulated a keyboard, and then initiated a series of keystrokes which opened a PowerShell window and issued commands to download malware to the test computer, and then contacted servers in Russia.

In January 2022, the FBI issued another warning that members FIN7 were targeting transportation and insurance companies (since August 2021), and defense companies (since November 2021), with BadUSB attacks designed to deliver REvil or BlackMatter ransomware. These targets were sent USB drives in packages claiming to be from Amazon or the United States Department of Health and Human Services, with letters talking about free gift cards or COVID-19 protocols that were purportedly further explained by information on the USB drive. As above, when plugged in, the USB drives emulate a keyboard, and then initiate a series of keystrokes which open a PowerShell window and issue commands to download malware.

See also

 Juice jacking

Further reading

References

Further reading

USB
Computer security exploits


title: Kodoku no Akatsuki

text:
(also known by its French title "La Solitude de l'aube") is a song by Japanese musician Ringo Sheena. It was released as one of the A-sides of her 14th single, along with the song "Irohanihoheto", released on May 27, 2013. The release date was the 15th anniversary of the release of Sheena's debut single "Kōfukuron" in 1998.

Background and development

In early 2012, Sheena's band Tokyo Jihen disbanded, and released a string of releases, including the extended play Color Bars, the live compilation album Tokyo Collection, the B-side collection Shin'ya Waku, and performed their farewell tour, Bon Voyage. On May 16, 2012, Sheena released her first post-Tokyo Jihen solo work, the digital single "Jiyū e Michizure." This song acted as the theme song for the TBS drama Ataru, starring Masahiro Nakai.

It was later revealed that Sheena was heavily pregnant with her second child during the single's release. As she did not feel it was appropriate to link single promotions with the birth of a child, she waited until her Tōtaikai concerts in November to reveal this.

Writing and production

Sheena worked together with producer and guitarist Yukio Nagoshi on the song, as well as "Irohanihoheto". Sheena had previously worked with Nagoshi during her Ringo Expo concerts in 2008, and on the songs "Zero Chiten Kara," "Togatta Teguchi" and "Yokyō" on her solo album Sanmon Gossip (2009). Her previous Tokyo Jihen bandmate Ichiyo Izawa played the harpsichord on "Irohanihoheto." Bassist Hitoshi Watanabe had previously worked with Sheena as a member of Bōtoku Vitamin, one of the bands who performed on her album Utaite Myōri: Sono Ichi (2002). Drummer Noriyasu Kawamura previously worked with Sheena on her debut album Muzai Moratorium (1999).

"Kodoku no Akatsuki" is a song featuring lyrics written by screenwriter Aya Watanabe, who wrote the screenplay for the NHK morning drama Carnation. This is the first time Sheena did not write the lyrics to a promoted single track. The pair had worked together on Carnation, as Sheena had written the eponymous theme song, but had never met face to face before. After being asked to write a theme song for an NHK show called Switch Interview: Tatsujintachi, Sheena was inspired by the concept of the program, in which a team of interviewers ask and debate topics. She wanted to express this teamwork nature in the song, so asked Watanabe to write the lyrics. She came up with the melody for the song after hearing her son and her elementary school age niece singing the children's song "Kaijū no Ballad."

Promotion and release

The song was released a month after the single's first A-side, "Irohanihoheto", was made available for download digitally. "Kodoku no Akatsuki" was used as the theme show for the NHK Educational TV program Switch Interview: Tatsujintachi. During Sheena's Tōtaikai concerts in November 2013, Sheena performed an English language version of "Kodoku no Akatsuki".

Critical reception

OK Music reviewers felt that "Kodoku no Akatsuki"'s "sentimental lyrics and electric piano are impressive", believing that it would be a popular song at Sheena's live concerts.

Track listing

Personnel

Personnel details were sourced from the liner notes booklets of "Irohanihoheto/Kodoku no Akatsuki" and Hi Izuru Tokoro.

Single version

Performers and musicians

Hirohisa Horie – Wurlitzer electric piano
Noriyasu Kawamura – drums
Yukio Nagoshi – guitars, electric sitar
Ringo Sheena – vocals, chorus, songwriting
Hitoshi Watanabe – bass

Technical and production

Uni Inoue – recording engineer, mixing engineer
Shohei Kojima – assistant engineer
Kozo Miyamoto – assistant engineer
Shigeo Miyamoto – mastering engineer
Fumio Miyata – musician coordinator
Hiroshi Satō – assistant engineer
Yuji Tanaka – instrument technician

Nobuneko version

Performers and musicians

Masato Abe – cello
Tomoyuki Asakawa – harp
Great Eida – concertmaster
Hirohito Furugawara – viola
Shigeki Ippon – contrabass
Akane Irie – violin
Yuri Kaji – viola
Ayano Kasahara – cello
Tsukasa Kasuya – violin
Nagisa Kiriyama – violin
Takashi Konno – contrabass
Ayumu Koshikawa – violin
Minoru Kuwata – violin
Yoshihiko Maeda – cello
Erika Makioka – cello
Kioko Miki – violin
Shōko Miki – viola
Mariko Muranaka – cello
Nobuhiko Nakayama – programming
Yuki Nanjo – violin
Tatsuo Ogura – violin
Sachie Onuma – viola
Takayuki Oshikane – violin
Neko Saito – conductor, string arrangement, solo violin
Teruhiko Saitō – contrabass
Ringo Sheena – arrangement, MIDI
Kojiro Takizawa – violin
Takashi Taninaka – contrabass
Seigen Tokuzawa – cello
Chizuko Tsunoda – violin
Leina Ushiyama – violin
Amiko Watabe – viola
Yūji Yamada – viola
Daisuke Yamamoto – violin
Haruko Yano – violin
Tomoko Yokota – violin

Chart rankings

Sales

Release history

References

2013 songs
2013 singles
Japanese-language songs
Ringo Sheena songs
Songs written by Ringo Sheena
EMI Music Japan singles


title: Sara Eriksson (wrestler)

text:
Sara Anne Eriksson (born January 23, 1974 in Luleå) is a retired amateur Swedish freestyle wrestler, who competed in the women's middleweight category. Considered one of the world's top female wrestlers of her decade, Eriksson has yielded a remarkable tally of fourteen career medals, including two golds at the World Championships (1995 and 1996) and three more at the European Championships (1996, 2000, and 2002). She also had an opportunity to compete for Sweden at the 2004 Summer Olympics, finishing tenth in the 63-kg division. Before her sporting career ended shortly after the Games, Eriksson trained as a member of the wrestling team for Örgryte Sporting Club () in Gothenburg, under her personal coach and husband Pierre Dikanda.

Eriksson emerged herself into a sporting fame at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, where she captured the gold medal over neighboring Norway's Lene Aanes in the 57-kg division. By the following year, she campaigned her title defense in the same tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria, and then boasted for another gold at the European Championships in Oslo, Norway. Before her major Olympic debut, Eriksson held a stunning combined record of thirteen medals; three of which came from the World Championships, and the rest from the European Championships, including two more golds to her career hardware. At the 2002 World Wrestling Championships in Chalcis, Greece, Eriksson overcame her six-year struggle to reach the final match in the 63-kg division, but settled only for the silver medal after being pinned by Japan's Kaori Icho.

When women's wrestling made its debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Eriksson qualified for the Swedish squad, as a 30-year-old veteran, in the 63 kg class. Earlier in the process, she earned an Olympic spot by taking second at the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Tunis, Tunisia after missing out a coveted place from the World Championships. Eriksson lost her opening match 3–0 to Germany's Stéphanie Groß, and followed it with a 3–5 thrashing from Greece's Stavroula Zygouri in front of the home crowd, leaving her on the bottom of the pool and placing tenth in the final standings.

References

External links
Profile – International Wrestling Database

1974 births
Living people
Swedish female sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Sweden
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Luleå
World Wrestling Championships medalists
European Wrestling Championships medalists


title: Potamanthidae

text:
Potamanthidae is a family of mayflies with three genera in which there are 23 species.

Classification
Genus Anthopotamus
Anthopotamus distinctus (Traver, 1935)
Anthopotamus myops (Walsh, 1863)
Anthopotamus verticis (Say, 1839)
Anthopotamus neglectus (Traver, 1935)

Genus Potamanthus
Potamanthus formosus Eaton, 1892
Potamanthus huoshanensis Wu, 1987
Potamanthus idiocerus Bae & McCafferty, 1991
Potamanthus kwangsiensis (Hsu, 1937)
Potamanthus longitibius Bae & McCafferty, 1991
Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Potamanthus macrophthalmus (You, 1984)
Potamanthus nanchangi (Hsu, 1936)
Potamanthus sabahensis (Bae & McCafferty, 1990)
Potamanthus sangangensis (You, 1984)
Potamanthus subcostalis Navás, 1932
Potamanthus yooni Bae & McCafferty, 1991
Potamanthus yunnanensis (You, Wu, Gui & Hsu, 1982)

Genus Rhoenanthus
Rhoenanthus coreanus (Yoon & Bae, 1985)
Rhoenanthus distafurcus (Bae & McCafferty 1991)
Rhoenanthus magnificus (Ulmer 1920)
Rhoenanthus obscurus (Navás, 1922)
Rhoenanthus sapa (Nguyen & Bae, 2004)
Rhoenanthus speciosus (Eaton 1881)
Rhoenanthus youi (Wu & You, 1986)

Genus Stygifloris
Stygifloris sp. EP141

References

Mayflies
Insect families


title: Keri Wong

text:
Keri Wong (born December 25, 1989) is an American former professional tennis player.

In her career, she won seven doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On April 21, 2014, she peaked at No. 156 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Wong made her WTA Tour debut at the Washington Open, partnering María Fernanda Álvarez Terán in doubles. The pair won their first round and quarterfinal matches, only to lose to eventual tournament champions Shuko Aoyama and Vera Dushevina in the semifinals.

ITF Circuit finals

Doubles (7–10)

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jackson, Mississippi
American female tennis players
Tennis people from Mississippi
Clemson Tigers women's tennis players
American people of Chinese descent


title: Lena Litvak

text:
Lena Litvak (; born 15 November 1988) is a Ukrainian-born American former tennis player.

In her career, she won one singles title and eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 6 July 2009, Litvak reacher her career-high singles ranking of 325. On 17 September 2012, she peaked at No. 228 in the doubles rankings.

Career
In addition to playing tennis, Litvak attended Harvard University. There, she tried to balance college and professional tennis.

Litvak played the 2014 Washington Open losing in the first round with Alexandra Mueller.

Her last appearance on the pro tour was in February 2015, in the qualifying draw of an ITF tournament in Michigan.

ITF finals

Singles (1–0)

Doubles (8–6)

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
American female tennis players
Ukrainian emigrants to the United States
Sportspeople from the Bronx
Tennis players from New York City
Harvard Crimson women's tennis players


title: Riverside Rowing Club

text:
Riverside Rowing Club Incorporated (RRC) is a non profit association located in South Australia. RRC has a strong Masters Rowing focus (27 years and over) and actively supports senior and school rowing.

RRC competitive rowers race in local Rowing SA regattas, Rowing Australia Regattas, and World Masters Games. and International Rowing Federation(FISA) regattas held around the globe. Annually a number of crews compete in Head Races including the Head of the Yarra in Melbourne Victoria.
The club's membership includes recreational (non-competitive) rowers and regularly holds "Learn to Row" programs throughout the year.

History

The club was formed in 1943 in South Australia, and was originally known as the South Australian Railways Institute Rowing Club (SARIRC). In 1977 the club was renamed the Australian National Railways Institute Rowing Club (Central region). In 1994 the club changed its name to the Riverside Rowing Club.

The clubrooms

The Riverside clubhouse is a two-storey building located on the banks of the River Torrens, approximately 100 meters west of the Victoria Bridge (Morphett Street Bridge) towards the weir. The upper storey of the clubhouse includes a veranda overlooking the Torrens, and contains a bar, kitchen and change rooms for use by members, as well as a collection of memorabilia, photographs and awards reflecting the club's history. A boat storage area, gym, Concept2 indoor rower equipment are located on the ground floor of the building.

The current building on the River Torrens was renovated in 2002.

Since 2005 Riverside has also operated out of a bay at the Rowing SA complex located at West Lakes.

Colours and motto

The club colours are red, green and yellow.
The club motto is Possent quia posse videntum: they won because they thought they could.

RRC's mission statement is "to provide the necessary resources and support to encourage participation and competition in rowing and develop successful involvement at all levels in the sport."

Notable members

The club has many past notable members including:

Graeme King - internationally recognised racing boat designer and builder began rowing at the age of 16 at the South Australian Railways Institute Rowing Club (SARIRC)in 1963.
Mike Nielsen - represented SA in winning King's Cup crew 1981, 1982 and 1983.
Elaine Guterres - Order of Australia Medal recipient in the Queen’s Birthday Honors List 2012 for her contribution to rowing
 Alison Davies - dual Olympian and a junior world champion.

Bibliography

 Orr, Hugh(2011) One Club, Three Names: The History of the Riverside Rowing Club Adelaide, South Australia 1943-2009
 Burgoine, Garth(2000) Memories of the South Australian Railways Institute Rowing Club

Notes

External links

 Riverside Rowing Club Website
 South Australian Rowing Association Website
 Rowing SA Affiliated Club
 Rowing Australia Affiliated Club

1943 establishments in Australia
Sports clubs and teams established in 1943
Sports clubs and teams in Adelaide
Rowing clubs in Australia


title: Imperial Hotel (California)

text:
The Imperial Hotel & Restaurant is a bed and breakfast located in Amador City, California in the United States.

History

The Imperial Hotel was founded in 1879 by the Sanguinetti family. It was first a store, before B. Sanguinetti made it into a hotel.It was originally named the Italian Hotel. It was also called the Ben White Hotel. Its main clientele were people visiting as part of the California Gold Rush, specifically wealthy miners. A two floor hotel, the hotel was upstairs and the restaurant and bar were on the ground floor. Eventually, an extension was built for more hotel rooms in the back. The building went into disuse by 1927. It was sold and renovated in 1968.

The building was bought by Dale Martin and Bruce Sherrill in 1988. They made it into a bed and breakfast. In 2006, the Imperial was bought by the McCamant family. They own and operate the Imperial Hotel as a bed and breakfast today.

Facilities

The hotel is two stories and is made out of stone and brick. The walls "are twelve bricks thick at its base and four bricks thick at the roof." The layout remains the same as it did historically: guest rooms are upstairs and on the ground floor is the restaurant and bar. The area that served as guest rooms in the back on the ground floor now serves as a patio for dining. The restaurant specializes in California cuisine made from local and sustainable farmers and producers. It sits 55 people. The bar is called the Oasis. Guests can stay at the main building, or at a property on another part of town in an area called God's Hill. That property was owned by the former foreman of Keystone Mine. The God's Hill house has larger rooms than the original inn. There is a library on site offering guests books and magazines. The hotel is primarily decorated in Victorian era antiques.
A bridge replacement project completed in 2014 has beautified and revitalized the center of the city, providing patio dining at the Imperial Hotel.

References

Bed and breakfasts in California
Buildings and structures in Amador County, California
1879 establishments in California


title: Triumph in the Skies (film)

text:
Triumph in the Skies () is a 2015 Hong Kong-Chinese romantic drama film directed by Wilson Yip and Matt Chow and starring Louis Koo, Sammi Cheng, Francis Ng, Julian Cheung, Charmaine Sheh, Amber Kuo, Océane Zhu and Dean Liu. The film is an adaptation of the Triumph in the Skies television series. Production started on 6 August 2014. The film was released on February 19, 2015.

Synopsis
Young pilot Branson (Louis Koo) takes over Skylette Airlines, his father's aviation empire, only to realize that his old flame Cassie (Charmaine Sheh) is a flight attendant there. Several years previously, he was forced to break up with her and move to New York to take care of his father's business. To this day, the two continue to harbour feelings for each other but decide to keep them bottled up.

In an effort to rebrand the airline, Branson invites rock idol TM (Sammi Cheng) to star in an upcoming commercial and appoints Sam (Francis Ng) as her flying consultant. Incongruent in both tastes and experience, this odd couple gets off on the wrong foot. However, as the shoot progresses they slowly discover each other's merits, developing a strong mutual attraction.

Jayden (Julian Cheung) having left Skylette, to become a pilot of private jets, meets the young and vivacious Kika (Amber Kuo) during a flight and assumes her to be wayward and shallow. But they turn out to have a lot in common and start falling madly in love. At the height of their romance, Jayden realizes almost too late the secret behind her recalcitrance...

Each of the three relationships comes with its own setbacks. As long as one can accept the imperfection of things, finding happiness—however fleetingly—is a blessing in itself.

Cast
 Louis Koo as Branson Cheung (張春亮)
 Sammi Cheng as TM Tam (譚夢)
 Francis Ng as Samuel "Sam" Tong (唐亦琛)
 Julian Cheung as Jayden "Captain Cool" Koo (顧夏陽)
 Charmaine Sheh as Cassie Poon (潘家詩)
 Amber Kuo as Kika Sit (薛健雅)
 Océane Zhu as Winnie
 Dean Liu as Tony
 Kenneth Ma as Roy Ko (高志宏)
 Elena Kong as Heather Fong (方芮嘉)
 Jun Kung as TM's manager
 Ma Jin as Thomas
 Liao Jingsheng as Branson's father
 Yiming Ma as Thomas' friend

Box office
The film has earned US$24.59 million in China and HK$21.5 million (US$2.78 million) in Hong Kong.

Song list
 "歲月如歌" by Eason Chan
 "How Much Will We Remember" by The Pancakes
 "I Hate You But I Love You" by Pollie Tong
 "I Hate You But I Love You" by Janet Yung and Subyub Lee
 "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" by Sammi Cheng
 "Hold on, Watch on" by Tomii Chan
 "Invoice of Love" by Subyub Lee
 "Reach for a Star" by Janet Yung
 "Slam the Ball" by Shawn Wong
 "Breathless Moment" by Janet Yung
 "Oh Boy" by Subyub Lee
 "最後一個" composed by Alan Wong and Janet Yung
 "She Knocked My Door" composed by Tomii Chan

References

External links

Hong Kong romantic drama films
2015 romantic drama films
2015 films
Chinese aviation films
2010s Cantonese-language films
Films directed by Wilson Yip
Films directed by Matt Chow
Media Asia films
Shaw Brothers Studio films
Films based on television series
Films shot in Surrey
Films shot in Beijing
Films shot in Belgium
2010s Hong Kong films