title: Timothy Leighton

text:
Timothy Grant Leighton   (born 16 October 1963) is the Professor of Ultrasonics and Underwater Acoustics at the University of Southampton. He is the inventor-in-chief of Sloan Water Technology Ltd., a company founded around his inventions.
He is an academician of three national academies. Trained in physics and theoretical physics, he works across physical, medical, biological, social and ocean sciences, fluid dynamics and engineering. He joined the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR) at the University of Southampton in 1992 as a lecturer in underwater acoustics, and completed the monograph The Acoustic Bubble in the same year. He was awarded a personal chair at the age of 35 and has authored over 400 publications.

Education
He was educated at Heversham Grammar School, Cumbria and Magdalene College, Cambridge where he took the Natural Sciences Tripos and was awarded a double first class Bachelor of Arts degree with honours in physics and theoretical Physics in 1985, obtaining a PhD in 1988 at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge.
Following his PhD, he was awarded senior and advanced research fellowships at Magdalene College, Cambridge funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Early career
He joined the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR) at the University of Southampton in 1992 as a lecturer in underwater acoustics, and completed the monograph The Acoustic Bubble in the same year. He was awarded a personal chair at the age of 35.

Research

He founded and leads two research organisations he founded (Global-NAMRIP and HEFUA), is the executive general director and inventor-in-chief of Sloan Water Technology Ltd., and talks extensively to schoolchildren, the public, and on radio and video.

His research covers medical, humanitarian and environmental sciences, beginning with the fundamental mathematics and ending with engineering applications. His research interests cover acoustical oceanography, antimicrobial resistance, biomedical ultrasound, carbon capture and storage, climate change, decontamination, hospital acquired infections, marine zoology, fluid dynamics, ultrasound and underwater acoustics.
Working in such fields as cold water cleaning, sound in space, ultrasound in air, BiaPSS, TWIPR, and passive acoustic lithortripsy monitoring, he emphasized the need to push pioneering research into game-changing technology,  as opposed to incremental research that is published but falls short of societal benefit:

He worked as part of the team investigating whether man-made sounds can adversely affect benthic species (marine life that inhabits the seabed). Such species have been overlooked in studies on how man-made sounds affect whales, dolphins and fish: benthic species find it far harder to relocate away from adverse sounds than do these other more mobile species. Furthermore, benthic species play a key role in the health of the marine sediment, turning it over and preventing it stagnating, and are key to the health of coastal marine environments.

With other teams he developed methods to assess which fish species are most at-risk from man-made noise in the oceans, and quantified such noise from shipping. Turning the problem on its head, he worked with other teams on how to use sound as 'underwater acoustic scarecrows' to guide fish away from regions of man-made danger. These might occurs, for example, where industry exacts cooling water from rivers used as migration paths of endangered species (the young of European eel are slim enough for the flow to pull them through grills placed over such extraction points).  (key collaborator: Paul White).

NAMRIP and Global-NAMRIP
The Global Network for AntiMicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention (Global-NAMRIP), is a multidisciplinary research team of hundreds researchers and end users, across four continents, including engineers, chemists, microbiologists, environmental scientists, veterinary and human medics, clinicians who contribute to international and national antibiotic guidelines for specified conditions, experts in food, ethics and law, crucially networked with economists, geographers, health scientists and experts from other social science disciplines to provide a truly joined up approach to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and infection prevention (offsetting the loss of diversity in pharmaceutical industry research teams). As Leighton said at NAMRIP's 2016 conference:

Global-NAMRIP was set up to search for such solutions and mitigations, with particular emphasis to finding alternatives to the oft-cited route of simply funding drug companies to produce more antibiotics. According to the New Scientist,:

Global-NAMRIP creates new research teams, commissions new research, engaging with industry to roll out solutions to society, and engaging with the public and policymakers to conduct outreach, education and dialogue. The award-winning Public Engagement and Policymaker Engagement programmes that Leighton devised and leads have been mentioned in Parliament by the Under-Secretary of State for Health on 16 November 2017. and Leighton has addressed the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee on his approach to addressing the threat of AMR.

Global-NAMRIP particularly supports Low/Middle Income Countries with not-for-profit interventions, for example with initiatives in urban and rural Ghana (infection being the primary cause of death in rural Ghana). In Uganda in 2019, Global-NAMRIP members from Uganda, Liberia, Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia and the UK met to compare, for the first time, the national AMR strategies of their respective countries, to share best practice. The meeting also produced significant impact in education, support for young innovators, and responded to a request from the Ugandan Minister for Health to write for him the 'Kampala Declaration on AMR'.

Health Effects of Ultrasound in Air
In 2015, Leighton founded the research group Health Effects of Ultrasound in Air (HEFUA). His aim was to map the increasing use of ultrasound in public places, and to investigate whether or not this increase is having adverse effects on some humans (following an investigation which revealed that the use of ultrasound in public places is increasing, and that guidelines were inadequate prior to the 2016 report).

His 2016 report that first raised the issues was, in the first 2 years, downloaded over 20,000 times from the Royal Society website, leading to requests for a follow-up, a journal special issue, and numerous conference sessions worldwide as the importance of this topic was realised. Scientists, engineers and the public around the world are now logging the location and type of device that emits ultrasound. Leighton became an acknowledged world expert on such public exposures, and on the claims of 'sonic attacks' on US Embassy staff in Cuba and China. His expertise on the effect on humans of ultrasound in air provided the scientific basis that was cited by Giles Watling MP (Clacton, Conservative) in the Motion for leave to bring in a Bill (Standing Order No. 23) on "Anti-loitering Devices (Regulation)" (17 July 2018 Volume 645, 2.06 pm).

In 2018, Leighton published an editorial that identified flaws in the way the statistical analysis was conducted on those identified as victims of the attack, which set up the tests in such a way that even unexposed people would, for the most part, be identified as suffering adverse health effects from the exposure. In 2023, the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) agreed with this assessment, stating ‘that initial medical studies that led experts to believe that the AHIs [anomalous health incidents] “represented a novel medical syndrome or consistent pattern of injuries” suffered from “methodological limitations”’.  Consequently, it reported that an inter-agency intelligence analysis from 7 agencies concluded that 5 considered it ‘very unlikely’ (one judging it ‘unlikely’, and one abstaining from an opinion) at a foreign adversary had deployed a weapon in the attacks.

He currently serves on the Scientific Expert Group of the  International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection  to support appropriate protections for people (particularly children) exposed to airborne ultrasound.

Extraterrestrial acoustics
 Since the start of the century, Leighton attempted to increase interest in using sound to explore other planets by predicting the soundscapes of other worlds and how these could best be exploited using acoustic devices, led to devices for planetaria to use when teaching about other worlds, and showed how careful calculation was needed to avoid mistakes when using acoustic sensors on other worlds. With Professor Petculescu of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Leighton co-hosted three special sessions and a journal special issue of the Acoustical Society of America on acoustics in extraterrestrial environments (in 2007, 2008, 2016 and 2023). Leighton was invited to the International Space Science Institute to support the Mars Perseverance and Ingenuity missions.

Marine mammal acoustics
Leighton's explanation of how humpback whales use sound when feeding in bubble nets is now a staple explanation on whale tour boats. He explained how dolphins can echolocate while producing bubble nets to hunt, a process that should blind their sonar.

Inventions

Medical and healthcare
Leighton invented systems for:
 detecting bone disease (including osteoporosis).
 monitoring the efficiency of kidney stone therapy (an invention that won the 2008 ‘Medical & Healthcare’ award from ‘The Engineer’ with key collaborator: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust).
 solutions for needle-free injectors for migraine sufferers (over 1 million sold).

and assisted the Institute of Cancer Research with technology for tumour therapy monitoring (2010).

Two billion people have been scanned in the womb under the guidelines he helped co-author for the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines for foetal ultrasonic scanning.

He served on the Government of the United Kingdom's Working Group of the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Sub Group and advised the Health Protection Agency and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection  on the safety of ultrasound.

Other medical and healthcare inventions and breakthroughs are listed below under Sloan Water Technology Ltd., Global-NAMRIP and HEFUA.

Humanitarian

Leighton invented:
 radar for the detection of buried explosives, hidden bugging devices, and for the location of buried catastrophe victims (in avalanches, mudslides, collapsed buildings etc.)
 the world's only sonar system capable of detecting objects in bubbly water (key, for example, to protecting services, cargo and aid shipping in conflict zones). - mine detection is often an ongoing problem long after conflict has reduced and civilians return to former conflict zones (key collaborator: Paul White)
 a number of systems for detecting objects buried in the seabed

and, in collaboration with the National Oceanography Centre, one sold by Kongsberg for archaeological and civil engineering purposes. Various collaborations are looking at ways of providing clean water from waste in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, including mentorships of young entrepreneurs in Africa.

Environmental and Safety

Leighton:
 devised and conducted the experiment that revealed that the amount of carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans was much greater than the values previously used in predicting climate change and ocean acidification;
 invented technology used by environmental agencies and oil and gas companies to monitor for undersea gas leaks from pipelines, and from methane seeps, by their acoustic emissions.
 devised the theory and methodology by which sonar could be used to monitor and quantify gas leaks from carbon capture and storage facilities in the seabed. This was later included as part of large-scale multinational trials on the North Sea seabed and elsewhere to assess leakage
 systems assess the amount of methane in the seabed. This is important to assess the potential for leaks from these reserves into the sea and (eventually) the atmosphere (in the seabed, there is probably more carbon trapped in methane than there is in all other forms of conventional fossil fuel, yet as a greenhouse gas methane is 20 times more potent per molecule than carbon dioxide, so assessing how much is in the seabed, and how much leaks into the atmosphere, is a key task).
 devised theory and methodology for measuring key parameters in the transfer of atmospheric gas between atmosphere and ocean, that was later included in large-scale multi-national trials This is important for climate change modelling, because over 1000 million tonnes of atmospheric carbon transfers each year between atmosphere and ocean.
 Inventions assist safety in the world's most powerful pulsed spallation neutron source ($1.3 billion) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States.

Sloan Water Technology Ltd.

In the late 1980s, Leighton discovered a new ultrasonic signal that he identified as due to surface waves on the walls of gas bubbles in liquids. Multidisciplinary research in the following 11 parallel streams of work turned this discovery into Sloan Water Technology Ltd:
 Theory of how to stimulate these surface waves;
 measurement of the liquid convection and shear they generate; theory on how sound causes the bubbles to generate cracks;
 theory for acoustics in porous materials (leading to the first theory to show why passing ultrasound through different directions in the human ankle could monitor osteoporosis);
 the world's first measurements of the bubble size distribution for industry and in the ocean surf zone, leading to ocean measurements necessary to predict the climatological significance of the transfer of carbon dioxide between atmosphere and ocean. It also provided techniques for measurement in industrial pipelines which led to sensors for the oil and gas, carbon capture and storage, ceramics and nuclear industries.
 measurement of the liquid convection and shear from these surface waves; theory on how sound causes the bubbles to generate cracks;
 acoustic losses in water surrounded on all sides by air and containing microscopic natural particles;
 acoustic propagation down straight columns of liquid with pressure release walls, and the effect of bubbles within such columns;
 acoustic propagation down curved columns of fluid, and how horns could facilitate this;
 use of acoustic pulses to enhance bubble activity;
 controlled bubble generation;
 how these bubbles affect living cells and surfaces.
These 11 streams of fundamental research represented the knowledge on which Sloan Water Technology Ltd. was founded.
Having purchased Professor Leighton’s patent suite from the University of Southampton in 2018, the Allen family chose to name the new R&D facilities ‘The Leighton Laboratories’, consisting of physical science labs, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering labs, workshops, and microbiology and tissue laboratories, co-locating multiple disciplines as Professor Leighton had advocated to address unsolved problems of a societal scale (food and water security, anti-microbial resistance).
The company is currently producing technology for cleaning and changing surfaces using only cold water, air bubbles and sound (without chemicals or drugs). This reduces the use of water and electricity, reduces pollution and has run-off that is easier to convert back to drinking water, and reduces the threat of ‘superbugs’.

Sloan Water Technology Ltd. has invented technology for cleaning surgical instruments
Food cleaning inventions have been developed for salad (which cannot be sterilized by heat treatment, and each year results in serious illness and even death from E. Coli contamination)  and hay (to reduce respiratory illness contracted through animal feed).
In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, when it was not known if the transmission route was airborne or through touch surfaces, Sloan Water Technology developed devices to clean touch surfaces.
Sloan Water Technology’s most significant product is aimed at reducing the suffering from chronic wounds, which cause huge suffering and costs the UK NHS over £5-billion per year.

Awards and honours
Leighton has been awarded the following medals and distinctions:

Medals

 the 2017 Clifford Paterson Lecture and Medal of the Royal Society (video of Lecture here)
 the 2014 Rayleigh Medal of the Institute of Acoustics
 the 2013 Helmholtz-Rayleigh Interdisciplinary Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America
 the 2009 R W B Stephens Medal of the Institute of Acoustics
 the 2006 Paterson Medal of the Institute of Physics
 the inaugural 2004 Early Career Medal and Award of the International Commission for Acoustics
 the 2002 Tyndall Medal of the Institute of Acoustics
 the 1994 A. B. Wood Medal of the Institute of Acoustics

The citation of the 2006 Paterson Medal of the Institute of Physics states that:

Awards

 2019 Doctor of Science, University of Cambridge
 2018 Royal Society's Lord Leonard and Lady Estelle Wolfson Foundation Translation Award for the StarHealer
 the 2014 'Best new product of the year' award for StarStream
 the 2012 Institute of Chemical Engineering Award for Water Management and Supply
 the 2011 Royal Society Brian Mercer Award for Innovation
 the 2008 'Medical & Healthcare' award from 'The Engineer'
 the inaugural 2001 International Medwin Prize for Acoustical Oceanography from the Acoustical Society of America

Fellowships
Leighton is an Academician of three National Academies. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:

In 2018 he was elected to Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences, the citation reading for 'harnessing the physical sciences for the benefit of patients' as:

Leighton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) in 2012 for his services to Engineering and society. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics (FInstP) in 2000, Fellowship of Institute of Acoustics in 1999, Fellowship of the Acoustical Society of America in 1998, and Fellowship of the Cambridge Philosophical Society in 1988. He is a Visiting Fellow of the Institute of Advanced Studies of Loughborough University.

In 2018 the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (IIAV), of which he had not been a member, undertook a change to its Bylaws, and vote of all IIAV members, to create new rank of Distinguished Fellow. It is the highest rank for individual IIAV members of this international body, and Professor Leighton was the recipient in its inaugural year.

Outreach, TV and radio work
Leighton has developed and conducted multiply-award-winning outreach activities to the public, and to encourage of young men and women to engage, and possibly follow careers in, science and engineering, with school visits, science fairs, exhibits, games, and appearances on TV and radio.
His public engagement work regarding his invention, “The most dangerous game in the world”, which he designed to communicate with the public on the issue of superbugs and how they can protect themselves and society, was mentioned by Steve Brine MP, the Under-Secretary of State for Health on 16 November 2017. The IMDb and "Who's Who" have collated entries for Professor Leighton. In his 2014 book 'Sonic Wonderland', the broadcaster Trevor Cox described Professor Leighton as 'a middle-aged Harry Potter'.

References

Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
1963 births
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge


title: Vimal Kumar Chordia

text:
Vimal Kumar Chordia (15 October 1924 – ) was an Indian politician who was a member of Rajya Sabha. He was a Member of Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1957, and of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1957 to 1962. Chordia served as vice-president of state unit of Bharatiya Jan Sangh and was member of Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1968. Chordia's death was announced on 9 January 2019.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1952–1957
People from Mandsaur district
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians


title: Lopper I Rail Tunnel

text:
The Lopper I Rail Tunnel is a railway tunnel in central Switzerland. The tunnel connects Hergiswil in the canton of Nidwalden with Alpnach in the canton of Obwalden. It forms part of the Zentralbahn Brünig line, which links Lucerne with Interlaken and the Bernese Oberland, between Hergiswil station and Alpnachstad station. It is  in length, and carries metre gauge () track electrified at 11 kV AC 16 2/3 Hz using overhead catenary. The tunnel runs under the Lopper, a shoulder of Mount Pilatus which extends into Lake Lucerne.

The Lopper I Tunnel is paralleled by the Lopper road tunnel, carrying the A8 motorway. The nearby Lopper II Tunnel is a rail tunnel on the Zentralbahn Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line, the two rail lines joining at Hergiswil station.

References

Transport in Nidwalden
Transport in Obwalden
Railway tunnels in Switzerland


title: DJK Ammerthal

text:
The DJK Ammerthal is a German association football club from the town of Ammerthal, Bavaria. DJK stands for Deutsche Jugendkraft, a sports organisation associated with the Catholic Church.

The club's greatest success came in 2012 when it qualified for the new northern division of the expanded Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system.

History
For most of its history the club has been a non-descript amateur side in local Bavarian football. The club played in the Bezirksliga Oberpfalz-Nord from 1993 onwards, earning promotion to the Bezirksoberliga in 1997 courtesy to a runners-up finish.

DJK made its first appearance in the Bezirksoberliga Oberpfalz, the highest league in Upper Palatinate and the sixth tier of the league system in 1997–98 but lasted for only one season before being relegated back to the Bezirksliga. It returned to the Bezirksoberliga in 2001 as a much stronger side and would play at this level for the next eight season. It finished in the top four on six occasions but missed out on promotion in the promotion round in 2007 and 2008 when it came runners-up in the league. In 2009 however promotion to the Landesliga finally came when it won the league.

The next three seasons the club spent in the Landesliga Bayern-Mitte which would also be the last three seasons the league existed in this format. DJK finished in the upper half of the table in each of those three seasons and a fourth place in 2012 was enough to qualify for the new northern division of the Bayernliga.

In the Bayernliga the club came seventh in its first season and twelfth in its second. After a fourteenth place in 2014–15 the club had to enter the relegation round where it lost to ASV Burglengenfeld and was relegated. Ammerthal bounced back immediately, winning its Landesliga division and earning promotion back to the Bayernliga.

Honours
The club's honours:
 Landesliga Bayern-Mitte
 Champions: 2016
 Bezirksoberliga Oberpfalz
 Champions: 2009
 Runners-up: 2007, 2008
 Bezirksliga Oberpfalz-Nord
 Champions: 2001
 Runners-up: 1997

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

With the introduction of the Bezirksoberligas in 1988 as the new fifth tier, below the Landesligas, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the establishment of the Regionalliga Bayern as the new fourth tier in Bavaria in 2012 the Bayernliga was split into a northern and a southern division, the number of Landesligas expanded from three to five and the Bezirksoberligas abolished. All leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier.

Key

References

External links
 Official team site
 Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv  historical German domestic league tables
 Manfreds Fussball Archiv   Tables and results from the Bavarian amateur leagues
 DJK Ammerthal at Weltfussball.de

Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Bavaria
Football in Upper Palatinate
Association football clubs established in 1958
1958 establishments in West Germany
German Youth Power Sports Association


title: 1912 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1912 State of the Union Address was given on Tuesday, December 3, 1912. It was written by William H. Taft, the 27th president of the United States. He stated, "The position of the United States in the moral, intellectual, and material relations of the family of nations should be a matter of vital interest to every patriotic citizen."  He said, "Our small Army now consists of 83,809 men, excluding the 5,000 Philippine scouts. Leaving out of consideration the Coast Artillery force, whose position is fixed in our various seacoast defenses, and the present garrisons of our various insular possessions, we have to-day within the continental United States a mobile Army of only about 35,000 men. This little force must be still further drawn upon to supply the new garrisons for the great naval base which is being established at Pearl Harbor, in the Hawaiian Islands, and to protect the locks now rapidly approaching completion at Panama."

References

Presidency of William Howard Taft
State of the Union addresses
62nd United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
December 1912 events in the United States
State of the Union


title: Sant'Angelo in Colle

text:
Sant'Angelo in Colle is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Montalcino, province of Siena. At the time of the 2011 census its population amounted to 204.

This medieval hamlet is located on a small hill approximately 8 km South of Montalcino.

Main sights
 Pieve di San Michele Arcangelo (13th century)
 Church of Madonna della Misericordia (19th century)
 Church of San Pietro

Economy
This small town's economy is based mainly on farming, it is in fact in this area the heart of the production of Brunello di Montalcino and several wineries are located here. A bank, a post office, two restaurants and a small grocery store are available.

References

Frazioni of Montalcino


title: Unsworth ministry

text:
The Unsworth ministry was the 79th ministry of the New South Wales Government, and was led by the 36th Premier of New South Wales, Barrie Unsworth, representing the Labor Party.

After the surprise announcement in June 1986 that Neville Wran  would retire as Premier, NSW Labor Leader, and from Parliament with effect from 4 July 1986, Unsworth, then a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, was elected as the leader of the NSW Labor Party and thus became Premier. However, by parliamentary convention, Premiers are members of the Legislative Assembly. In order for Unsworth to move from the Legislative Council to the Legislative Assembly, Brian Bannon, the member for Rockdale, resigned to accept a role as Chairman of the Homebush States Sport Centre Trust, and Unsworth contested the resulting by-election held on 2 August 1986. He narrowly won the seat, with a 17.1% decline in the primary vote and independent preferences giving him a margin of just 54 votes. A by-election for Wran's safe Labor seat of Bass Hill was even worse, with a 22.2 per cent decline in the primary vote delivering a 103vote victory to the Liberal candidate.

The ministry covers the period from 4 July 1986 when Unsworth was elected by Labor caucus as the NSW Labor Leader until 21 March 1988 when Labor suffered a landslide defeat at the state election by the LiberalNational coalition, led by Nick Greiner and Wal Murray. Unsworth did not contest the 1991 election.

Composition of ministry
Fifteen of the twenty ministers retained some or all of their portfolios from the eighth Wran ministry. There were two minor rearrangements of the ministry, in November 1986 with a new portfolio of Forests and in November 1987, when Laurie Brereton resigned from the ministry, triggering a reshuffle.

Ministers are members of the Legislative Assembly unless otherwise noted.

See also

 Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1984–1988
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council, 1984–1988

Notes

References

New South Wales ministries
1986 establishments in Australia
1988 disestablishments in Australia
Australian Labor Party ministries in New South Wales


title: Vanessa-Mae discography

text:
This is a comprehensive discography of Vanessa-Mae, a Singaporean-born British violinist.

Studio albums

EPs

Compilation albums

Singles

Other appearances

References

Classical music discographies
Pop music discographies
Discographies of British artists


title: 4th General Assembly of Newfoundland

text:
The members of the 4th General Assembly of Newfoundland were elected in the Newfoundland general election held in 1848. The general assembly sat from December 14, 1848, to 1852.

With the passing of the Newfoundland Act of 1847 by the British Parliament, the members of the Legislative Council once again sat separately from the assembly, ending the experiment with unicameralism started in 1842. The first session of the assembly was held in a building owned by a member of the legislature. For the second session which started in 1850, the assembly met in the newly constructed Colonial Building.

John Kent was chosen as speaker.

Sir John Le Marchant served as civil governor of Newfoundland.

Members of the Assembly
The following members were elected to the assembly in 1848:

Notes:

By-elections
By-elections were held to replace members for various reasons:

Notes:

References

Newfoundland
004


title: Circles (film distributor)

text:
Circles was a feminist film and video distribution network in the UK, which was set up out of a desire to distribute and screen women's films on their own terms. It was founded in 1979 by feminist filmmakers Lis Rhodes, Jo Davis, Felicity Sparrow and Annabel Nicolson, publishing a 1980 catalogue including about 30 films, and it closed in 1991, largely due to funding issues that also prompted the merger of Circles and Cinema of Women, which led to the formation of Cinenova. A previous funding crisis in 1987, when funding by Tower Hamlets council had been withdrawn, had been resolved with replacement funding from the British Film Institute.

Origins
According to Jenny Holland and Jane Harris, "Circles started in 1979, partly as a response to an Arts Council of Great Britain exhibition on experimental film. Feeling that their work on women's involvement in this field was being marginalised, the women on the exhibition committee withdrew their painstakingly researched work and issued an explanatory statement. In many ways, this research was the cornerstone of Circles, which went on to distribute the films by Alice Guy, Germaine Dulac, Maya Deren, and Lois Weber which were to have been discussed in the exhibition." The statement, "Women and the Formal Film," was published in the "Film as Film" exhibition catalogue and acted as a manifesto for the distribution collective that emerged.

Film catalogue
By the time of its closure, Circles' catalogue comprised over 200 titles, predominantly short and medium-length films, encompasses 90 years of women's film production and including a range of original formats, "offering tape recording, video tapes, slide/tape and performance works for hire alongside film." The catalogue editors described the films and their significance as: representing the visions, truths and ideas of women from a diverse range of cultural and political backgrounds. Each film/video breaks the monopoly of the male-defined culture, placing women at the centre of the images, the stories and the language; replacing male subjectivity with women's experiences as female eyes look through the camera… These films and videos represent the voices of women who have been systematically silenced and abused, by a mainstream media and cinema, whose interest in ideas and people are based on commercial concerns of profit and the desire to maintain women as spectators. Women in refusing to be confined to this role have produced films and videos, often with low budgets or none at all; often under difficult personal circumstances, yet independently without the pressure to either compromise politically or aesthetically. Despite narrow ideas of content, form and 'entertainment', which have excluded and dismissed this body of work, women are producing films and videos on a larger scale than ever before and the demand for this material is increasing.

Circles was a membership organisation. "All women whose films Circles distribute automatically become members, which means they have the right to become involved in creating policy." The selection of titles was carried out by a regular Viewing Committee, composed of an open panel with wide representation from women's groups involved in production and exhibition. Pratibha Parmar notes that, in 1987, this led to the foregrounding of films by women of colour, quoting Circles member June Givanni on the creation of the short films programme 'Black Women and Invisibility': "invisibility here is about the lack of recognition by the wider community, and to some extent the black community that there are black women film-makers working in Britain. The range of films and videos made by black women available in this country is growing."

Distribution
According to the catalogue, Circles organised women-only screenings at the Four Corners 50 seater cinema in Bethnal Green, London, and also in association with other women's organisations across Britain. At these events, film/video producers were invited to talk about their work. Describing Circles' business model, Caroline Merz writes that "Circles [had a] commitment to returning the highest possible revenue to film-makers, many of whom are not waged for their work, and a refusal to undercut their rental prices by providing what would, in effect, be subsidised programming."

Legacy
Many Circles titles continue to circulate in the UK via Cinenova, and Circles' content and history were prominent in the 2011 Cinenova exhibition "Reproductive Labour" at London's The Showroom gallery.
Holland and Harris comment that: "Circles has had an impact far out of proportion to its small size and chronic financial insecurity."

References

External links
Lux Online article on Circles

Women's film organizations
Feminist filmmakers
Film distributors of the United Kingdom
Arts organisations based in the United Kingdom
Arts organizations established in 1980
Organizations disestablished in 1991
1980 establishments in the United Kingdom
1991 disestablishments in the United Kingdom


Baptist Bible College Canada and Theological Seminary was a college Baptist school and seminary in Ontario. It operated from 1978 to 2017.

The college operated a distance education school training pastors for Baptist churches in Canada and elsewhere.

Status
The seminary was established by Dr. Harry Strachan Sr. in 1978.

In 1984, the Ontario legislature officially recognized the seminary as a degree-granting institution through the passage of "An Act to Incorporate Baptist Bible College Canada and Theological Seminary, 1984".

In December 31, 2017, Baptist Bible College Canada was closed.

Governance
The seminary was governed by a board of trustees, roughly half of which is made up of members and officials of the Bethel Baptist Church, and a Senate composed of the faculty, school administrators and several trustees.

Academic programs

Undergraduate Programs:
 Associate of Theology Diploma (2 years)
 Associate of Religious Education Diploma (2 years)
 Graduate of Theology Diploma (3 years)
 Graduate of Religious Education Diploma (3 years)
 Bachelor of Theology Degree (Th.B.) (4 years)
 Bachelor of Religious Education Degree (B.R.E.) (4 years)

Graduate Programs include:
 Master of Religious Education Degree (M.R.E.)
 Master of Theology Degree (Th.M.)

Post Graduate Programs include:
 Doctor of Religious Education Degree (D.R.E.)
 Doctor of Theology Degree (Th.D.)

References

Baptist seminaries and theological colleges in Canada
Education in Norfolk County, Ontario
Defunct universities and colleges in Canada
Defunct Christian universities and colleges


title: Cecilia Barriga

text:
Cecilia Barriga (born 1957) is a Chilean-Spanish film director. Her 1991 film Meeting Two Queens was shown at Montreal Women's Film and Video Festival and New York International Festival of Gay and Lesbian Film. She directed her first feature film Time's Up! in New York City. It premiered at the Donostia-San Sebastián Film Festival in 2000 as part of Zabaltegi.

Education
She left home at 19 to study sound and image at the Complutense University of Madrid. In 1983 she began her career in cinema, and in 1984 completed her university degree. In 1994, she moved to New York to further her studies in screenwriting and video art at Columbia University.

Meeting Two Queens (1991)
Meeting Two Queens or Encuentro entre dos Reinas is Barriga's attempt at re-editing and cutting various scenes from films featuring Hollywood stars Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich in order to create a space for lesbian identity politics and identity formation. It offers an alternative viewing of these famous Hollywood stars which effectively re-envisions them as icons of the burgeoning gay and lesbian movement of the early 1990s. Meeting Two Queens engages feminist politics due to it being a fan-made film for fans of Garbo and Dietrich - stars who are significant in film history, lesbian subculture, and feminist criticism. Barriga's film also assists in validating one's sexual identity with Hollywood role models, which is both empowering and liberating for the formation of gay identity and solidarity.

Mary Desjardins writes in Film Quarterly that, "Film scholars have placed these works within the avant-garde because their construction through appropriation and juxtaposition of fragments from a variety of films supposedly offers a commentary on the meaning process of all films." The critic B. Ruby Rich in New Queer Cinema: The Director’s Cut comments that Barriga's Meeting Two Queens, "re-edits Dietrich and Garbo movies to construct a dream narrative: get the girls together, help them meet, let them get it on".(Encuentro entre dos Reinas, 1991) In The Girls in the Back Room: Looking at the Lesbian Bar, Kelly Hankin notes that Meeting Two Queens, "skillfully juxtaposes spare parts from a range of classical Hollywood films to depict a romance between Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich".

Filmography (director)
Im Fluss (2008)
El camino de Moises (2005)
Ni locas, ni terroristas (2005)
Atrapados en el paraíso (2001)
Time's Up! (2001)
Encuentro entre dos Reinas (1991)

See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

External links

1957 births
Chilean film directors
Living people
People from Concepción, Chile
Chilean women film directors
Complutense University of Madrid alumni


title: All Day (Kanye West song)

text:
"All Day" is a song by American rapper Kanye West. It features Trini-American rapper Theophilus London, Canadian rapper Allan Kingdom, and English musician Paul McCartney. The song was produced by West and ten others. Having initially leaked in August 2014 after being announced for release as a single by West, he premiered the song on March 2, 2015 via Power 106 and Hot 97. The following day, it was released for digital download and streaming as a standalone single, through GOOD Music and Def Jam. The song contains a re-recorded sample of "When the Wind is Blowing" by Paul McCartney and Wings (known to fans as "Two Fingers") and an interpolation from "Dance with Me" by Jamaican singer Noel Ellis. It includes elements of industrial and drill music, alongside synthesizers. The lyrics center around West boasting about being successful and winning in life, with West comparing certain lyrics to the work of Jay-Z.

The accompanying Steve McQueen-directed music video was announced in March 2015 and ultimately released in February 2016. The video sees West in a warehouse room running around, though he becomes tired and a song entitled "I Feel Like That" is played. "All Day" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who mostly praised West's vocals. The focus around his vocals was often placed on the flow and lyrical content, while a few critics complemented the catchiness of the song. It was named to year-end lists for 2015 by multiple publications, including NME and Pitchfork. At the 58th Grammy Awards, the song was nominated for both Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance.

"All Day" reached the top 20 in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Scotland in 2015. It has since been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in the US and UK, respectively. The song was first performed by West at the 2015 Brit Awards, with the performance including flamethrowers and he was accompanied by numerous other rappers. West later performed it live on multiple occasions in 2015, including at the NBA Playoffs and Glastonbury Festival.

Background and recording
The song was one of three collaborations between West and McCartney to be released, with the other two being the singles "Only One" (2014) and "FourFiveSeconds" (2015), the latter of which includes Barbadian singer Rihanna alongside the two. In response to criticism of West using the n-word within the song, McCartney stated: "It's a great record, sonically it's brilliant, but quite a few people said, 'You can't be connected with this, there's, like, 40 N-words!" McCartney also said in reference to the usage of the word that he "was actually pleased with it." Allan Kingdom became involved with West through Plain Pat, who was close to West. A phone call was made for Allan Kingdom to join West and Plain Pat's session; he showed West his music during the session and called doing so "nerve-racking." One month after West announced the release of the song, a snippet of it leaked online. Melissa Locker of Time called the snippet "a promising hint" of what will be released by West. "All Day" was premiered live by West at the 2015 Brit Awards on February 25. On March 2, 2015, Rolling Stone provided the first official stream of the track.

West spoke about the recording process behind "All Day" in a July 2014 interview with Zach Baron of GQ, telling Baron: "I would have came in with, like, whatever I come in with. But the balance of a meal is that when people walk in, they want water first." The track's creation started with American rapper Velous, who revealed in a 2015 interview with MTV that he made the skeleton of the instrumental on a friend's couch while watching Saturday Night Live in the summer of 2014. In reference to the creation process, Velous stated: "I worked on that and I had the main part of it, I already had the skeleton of it [and] it was for my big bro French Montana." Velous explained why it ultimately became a West track and not a French Montana track, saying: "I guess Kanye was rocking with it, so he gave it to Kanye and they added some more. Kanye went in, French added some stuff to it and I co-produced it with my big bro." On March 2, 2015, mixer Hudson Mohawke tweeted that the track was finished and mixed. The production credits were heavy, with a total of eleven people being listed as producers; this was reminiscent of the vocal credits for West's single "All of the Lights" (2010). West, French Montana, Puff Daddy, Velous and Charlie Heat were the lead producers, while the other six received credit as additional and co-producers. A reference track for "All Day" co-written by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, which was initially thought to be a remix, leaked online in April 2015.

Composition and lyrics
"All Day" includes industrial elements, reminiscent of West's sixth studio album Yeezus (2013). The song also includes elements of drill music, as well as synthesizers in its composition. The melody of the song is built around McCartney's whistling from a re-recording of a song written by him in 1969, titled "When the Wind is Blowing"; (also known to fans as "Two Fingers")   as performed by the rock band Paul McCartney and Wings. The chord progression and melody was inspired by Pablo Picasso's 1903-04 painting, The Old Guitarist. The bassline of Reggae singer Noel Ellis' 2006 recording "Dance With Me" is sampled. A voice box melody is included at the beginning of the song, while the ending section of the latter contains a sample of McCartney's whistling on "When the Wind is Blowing".

The song sees West rap in a fast flow throughout while bragging about his success, including him boasting about spending time in the mall, and the lyrics differentiate from West's usual dwelling on the struggles that he went through to ultimately achieve success. A number of things already commonly known about West are referenced by him in the song, such as him being from Chicago and having an obsession with his wife. The phrase "All day, nigga" is repeatedly used by West within the song and he raps the n-word a total of 45 times. West viewed the lyrics "All day, nigga, it's Ye, nigga/Shopping for the winter, it's just May, nigga/Ball so hard, man, this shit cray, nigga/You ain't getting money unless you got eight figures" as sounding like content that fellow rapper Jay-Z "would have said." West shouts "Get low!" during the outro.

Release and artwork
"All Day" was announced for release as a single by West in July 2014. On March 2, 2015, West premiered the studio version of the song on Power 106 and Hot 97. The next day, the song was released to iTunes Stores in various countries by GOOD Music and Def Jam, and made available for streaming on Spotify. On the same day, it was also serviced to US rhythmic contemporary radio stations through the labels. The song was ultimately scrapped from the track list of West's seventh studio album The Life of Pablo (2016).

The artwork for "All Day" was initially thought to be the album cover for West's then-upcoming album So Help Me God when he posted it before the song's release. When West released the song, the information became known that the artwork was intended for the single instead. West's wife Kim Kardashian revealed via Instagram that the artwork is a 13th Century monastic symbol for the Virgin Mary.

Critical reception
The song was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, with West's vocals gathering praise from the majority of them. Jayson Greene of Pitchfork dubbed it as "an odd hybrid" and elaborated, writing: "Kanye's rapping harder, faster, sharper than ever: Years and years into his evolving style, he's fashioned his voice into something dull and jagged at once, a hacked-off piece of jetliner assaulting the beat." Greene viewed West's rapping speed as sounding like American singer James Brown "imitating a tommy gun" at parts and also praised his lyrical content. Kory Grow from Rolling Stone wrote that "the song shows off its triumphant synth line and bouncy beat, as well as West's one-liners like, 'You a fake Denzel like the Allstate nigga/If you run in to me, better have Allstate with you' and guest Allan Kingdom's soulful vocals."

Writing for Bustle, Kenya Foy stated that "West's flow is absolutely crazy" and complimented the song's catchiness, describing it as having the ability to get "the most shiftless couch potato to abandon those comfy cushions" for dancing. Foy elaborated, writing that it "also has the potential to put folks in a sulky mood" due to their daily activities paling in comparison to those undertaken by West. Billboards Alex Gale commented that the song shows West "at his most unapologetically brash" and observed that he performs "over machine-gun snares" and synths reminiscent of Yeezus, while Gale described West's lyricism as "nimble and quotable." In a less enthusiastic review, Uproxx writer Katie Hasty praised the opening voice box melody and the "cold party vibe" of "All Day" that she compared to West and Jay-Z's collaborative single "Niggas in Paris" (2011), though criticized the composition of the later points within the song. Andrew Barber, Brendan Klinkenberg and Ross Scarano of Complex wrote that it "was a dope single but failed to connect the way" that West had with his earlier singles "Gold Digger" (2005) or "Stronger" (2007) or "Slow Jamz" (2003).

Accolades
"All Day" was ranked by NME as the 14th best track of 2015, with Emily Barker of the website saying "its rapid-fire braggadocio was a reminder" of West still being both "bolshy-and-bratty" and "political-and-righteous."  On The 405s list of 2015's best tracks, the song appeared at number 25. Consequence of Sound listed it as the 26th best track of the year and the staff praised McCartney's involvement, while they called the song "a feverish track" and complemented West's vocals for seeing him "embrace his braggadocious mindset." The song was named the 40th best track of 2015 by Pitchfork, being noted by the staff for standing as West's "proper return to rapping this year" and they wrote that he "made damn sure to snap back hard, reading the riot act to detractors high and low with his most statistically profane performance to date." It also appeared in the top 50 of best tracks year-end lists for two other publications; Time Out London and Fact ranked the song as the 43rd and 49th best track of 2015, respectively. On Pigeons & Planes list of the year's best tracks, the song was listed at number 56. Billboard ranked "All Day" as the 5th best hip hop track of 2015, while the song was listed by Magnetic Magazine as the 10th best hip hop track of the year. It was nominated for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance at the 2015 Grammy Awards, respectively. At the 2016 International Dance Music Awards, the song earned a nomination for Best Rap/Hip Hop/Trap Dance Track, ultimately losing to French DJ David Guetta's single "Hey Mama" (2015).

Music video

Background
During West's hour-long talk at Oxford University on March 2, 2015, he announced a music video for "All Day", stating: "I was sitting with Steve McQueen; he shot the visuals for 'All Day' two days ago. It's completely different to the Brit Awards…" On March 7, West premiered the video at the Foundation Louis Vuitton as part of Paris Fashion Week. Snippets were shared online of it that showed West in a warehouse. West and McQueen later made an unannounced appearance at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art on July 25, 2015, where they unveiled the video, which was filmed in London. Explanations of the visual were offered by both West and McQueen, with the two of them taking it in turns to do so. McQueen revealed that he became involved with West after receiving a phone call from him a few years before the collaboration, with the two engaging in numerous phone conversations afterwards and McQueen started directing the accompanying music video five days after West asked him to. The nine-minute long music video was made available online on February 22, 2016 through London production house Unit Media.

Synopsis and reception
The visual features West as the only star in it and is set in a warehouse room for the entirety that West runs around in. Once he stops running around, West heavily breathes after McCartney's outro on "All Day", leading into a song entitled "I Feel Like That" being played in the video. While the song begins to play, West collapses on the floor of the warehouse. The song sees West go deep into his issues with mental health, which he also references in the songs "U Mad" and "FML".

Kwame Opam of The Verge said that the music video has a "following you" effect, "with the camera struggling to follow the beleaguered West as he rants back at it." Ryan Bassil of Noisey Vice dubbed it as "artful."

Commercial performance
Additionally, the song became West's second top-20 single in the United States in 2015. "All Day" debuted at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot 100, selling 140,000 downloads in its first week and this led to it entering atop of the US Rap Digital Songs chart. It is West's first single, as a lead artist, to debut at number one on the chart and followed "Clique" (2012) as his second to reach the position. It became the rapper's 22nd top 10 single on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, reaching number 6 on the chart. It entered at number 14 on the US Rap Airplay chart with 11.8 million audience impressions logged, becoming West's 3rd highest debut on the chart and was also streamed 1.9 million times in the US that week. The song was certified Gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of 500,000 certified units on July 28, 2015.

"All Day" debuted at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart for the issue date of March 8, 2015, while "FourFiveSeconds" peaked at number 3 on the same date. These singles stood as West's only tracks to reach the top 20 of the UK Singles Chart in 2015, with the former spending nine weeks on the chart. The track was later certified Silver in the United Kingdom by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for selling 200,000 units on January 5, 2018. As of October 24, 2019, it ranks as West's 35th most successful track of all time on the UK Singles Chart. The track also reached the top 20 in Scotland, peaking at number 19 on the Scottish Singles Chart.

On the Official Finnish Singles Chart, the track debuted at number 23. It charted at number 28 on the Canadian Hot 100 and French SNEP chart respectively; the track stood as West's third top 40 entry in 2015 on the SNEP chart. The track reached number 38 on the Official NZ Singles Chart and achieved a similar position of number 39 on the Denmark Singles Top 40. It peaked at number 42 on the ARIA Singles Chart and lasted one week on the chart. On the Irish Singles Chart, "All Day" debuted at number 52 and spend a total of three weeks on the chart. The song peaked at number 57 on the German Top 100 Singles chart. On the Belgium Urban (Ultratip Flanders) chart, it reached number nine.

Live performances and other usage

West first performed the song live at the 2015 Brit Awards on February 25 with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC's, including Boy Better Know, Novelist, Q-Tip, Krept & Konan, Stormzy, Allan Kingdom, Theophilus London and Vic Mensa. West's performance was announced by Candice Morrissey a day before the awards took place. During the performance, Allan Kingdom shot flames into the air with a flamethrower. However, West's performance was repeatedly muted throughout most of the track for those watching on television due to the extreme explicit language featured within the song's lyrics, with the usage of "nigga" being repeatedly rapped live on ITV. The usage of strong language sparked over 100 complaints received by Ofcom as a result of it. NME reported that West rapped "nigga" a total of fourteen times. West took to Twitter and claimed that he "felt the Brits performance captured the energy of the record." Velous praised West for the performance, claiming that he "had to watch it like 16 times to relive that moment." Oasis lead singer Liam Gallagher called the performance "Utter Shit" on Twitter and claimed that West was "a million miles away" from his debut studio album The College Dropout (2004). British rapper Dizzee Rascal also criticized West for the performance, saying that "Kanye bringing everyone on stage – that's a look," suggesting that it was simply a fashion statement. In 2017, Billboard ranked the performance as the 29th greatest award show performance of all time.

West performed the song live during the first-quarter timeout of the 2015 NBA Playoffs after he jumped on the court. At the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, West performed "All Day" and segued from the song into "Black Skinhead. He was censored at intervals during the performance, with certain lyrics being muted for over 30 seconds. West was audible to home viewers for only four minutes and sixteen seconds out of the five minutes and eighteen seconds that his performance lasted for. At the 2015 Glastonbury Festival, the song was performed live by West. The track was part of the setlist for West's opening show of his Saint Pablo Tour in Indianapolis on August 25, 2016.

American comedian Joe Mande shared his "lyric video" for the song via Twitter on May 22, 2015, which interpreted West as saying "Audi" instead of "All day." The single was used in Audi's TV spot Q commercial in February 2016.

Track listing
Digital download
"All Day" (featuring Theophilus London, Allan Kingdom & Paul McCartney) – 5:10

Credits and personnel
Recording
Recorded at Shangri La, Malibu, California; Jungle City Studios, New York City, New York; Windmark Studios, Santa Monica, California; Dean's List House of Hits, Soho, NYCB; No Name Studios, Mexico; No Name Studios, London, WardrobeRecordings; Lilayi, Zambia
Mixed at Health Farm Studios, London

Personnel
Kanye West – songwriting, production
Paul McCartney − songwriting
Velous − songwriting, production
Kendrick Lamar – songwriting
French Montana − songwriting, production
Charlie Heat − songwriting, production
Cydel Young − songwriting
Victor Mensah − songwriting
Allan Kyariga − songwriting
Mike Dean − songwriting, co-production, recording
Che Pope − songwriting
Noah Goldstein − songwriting, co-production, recording, mixing
Allen Ritter − songwriting, additional production
Mario Winans − songwriting, additional production
Charles Njapa − songwriting
Malik Yusef Jones − songwriting
Plain Pat − songwriting, additional production
Rennard East − songwriting
Noel Ellis − songwriting
Puff Daddy − production
Travis Scott − additional production
Matthew Testa − recording
Anthony Kilhoffer − recording, mixing
Steve Orchard − recording
Sean Oakley − recording assistant
Zeke Mishanec − recording assistant
Jeremy "Head" Hartney − recording assistant
Tristan Bott − recording assistant
Hudson Mohawke − mixing
Vlado Meller − mastering
Jeremy Lubsey − mastering assistant

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

See also
2015 in hip hop music

Notes

References

External links

2015 singles
2015 songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
GOOD Music singles
Industrial hip hop songs
Kanye West songs
Paul McCartney songs
Song recordings produced by Allen Ritter
Song recordings produced by Charlie Heat
Song recordings produced by Kanye West
Song recordings produced by Mike Dean (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Sean Combs
Song recordings produced by Travis Scott
Songs written by Allen Ritter
Songs written by Charlie Heat
Songs written by Cyhi the Prynce
Songs written by French Montana
Songs written by Kanye West
Songs written by Kendrick Lamar
Songs written by Malik Yusef
Songs written by Mario Winans
Songs written by Mike Dean (record producer)
Songs written by Paul McCartney
Songs written by Plain Pat
Songs written by Travis Scott


title: Kenneth Bastyan

text:
Major General Kenneth Cecil Orville Bastyan  (10 December 1906 – 21 March 1975) was a senior British Army officer.

Biography
Born in Frimley Green and educated at Bedford School, Kenneth Bastyan was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Corps of Signals in 1926. During the Second World War he served in India, Iraq and Burma. He served in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency, between 1951 and 1953. He was Chief Signals Officer for Far Eastern Land Forces (British Army) between 1953 and 1954, Deputy Signal Officer-in-Chief at the War Office between 1954 and 1957, and Chief Signal Officer to the British Army of the Rhine and the Northern Army Group between 1957 and 1960.

Major General Bastyan was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1959. He died on 21 March 1975.

References

1906 births
1975 deaths
British Army major generals
People educated at Bedford School
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Corps of Signals officers
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire


title: Roy Williams (broadcaster)

text:
Roy Williams was a BBC Radio continuity announcer  active in the 1940s and 1950s.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 8 September 1945.

References

 'The Announcers' Page with picture of Williams at work

Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
BBC radio presenters


title: Kunj Bihari Lal Rathi

text:
Kunj Bihari Lal Rathi (1910–1968)  was a leader of Bharatiya Jan Sangh from Uttar Pradesh. he served as member of Rajya Sabha from 1966 to 1968.

References

1910 births
1968 deaths
Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians


title: Valeria y Maximiliano

text:
Valeria y Maximiliano is a Mexican telenovela produced by Carlos Sotomayor for Televisa in 1991.

Leticia Calderón and Juan Ferrara starred as protagonists, while Ana Colchero and Marco Muñoz starred as antagonists.

Synopsis
This is the story of Valeria the most beautiful daughter of Miguel and Blanca Landero. Her beauty leads to jealousy and destruction while her strength helps her overcome all her family's troubles. Valeria rejects many men but the worst of which is Roman de la Fuente who destroys her family after she rejects him. Luckily Valeria is not alone Maximiliano(who is in love with her) always lends a shoulder to cry on.

Cast

Main
 Leticia Calderón as Valeria Landero de Franco de Riva
 Juan Ferrara as Maximiliano Riva
 Marco Muñoz as Román de la Fuente
 Arturo Peniche as Patricio del Val
 Ana Colchero as Susana Landero
 Cecilia Gabriela as Dulce Landero

Supporting
 Magda Karina as Nydia Ramos
 Gina Romand as Mercedes Ramos
 Rubén Rojo as Julio Souberville
 Rosita Arenas as Blanca Landero
 Claudio Obregón as Ernesto Ramos
 Carlos Bracho as Miguel Landero
 Magda Guzmán as Eugenia Landero "Mamá U"
 Eugenia Avendaño as Aunt Nena
 Juan Carlos Muñoz as Salvador Becerril
 Daniela Durán as Lucy Mora
 Héctor Parra as Dr. José Sánchez
 Hugo Acosta as Alberto de la Garza
 Luis Uribe as Captain Manuel Nava
 Ricardo Leal as Oficial Noriega
 Jorge Salinas as Damián Souberville
 Israel Jaitovich as Juan Pablo Souberville
 Guillermo Quintanilla as Matías
 Humberto Yáñez as Jiménez
 Cuca Dublán as Tomasa
 Rubén Camelo as Toño
 Tere Rábago as Benita
 Vivian Gray as Angélica Corso
 Georgina Pedret as Verónica
 Guadalupe Bolaños as Lety
 José María Negri as Fausto
 Graciela Bernardos as Psychiatrist

References

External links

1991 telenovelas
1991 Mexican television series debuts
1992 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Mexico City
Television shows set in Guadalajara
Television shows set in New York City
Televisa telenovelas


title: David Court (bishop)

text:
David Eric Court (born 16 October 1958) is a British Anglican bishop. He has been the Bishop suffragan of Grimsby in the Church of England Diocese of Lincoln since 2014.

Early life
Court was born on 16 October 1958 in Norwich, England. He was educated at a comprehensive school in Norwich. He went on to study electrochemistry at the University of Southampton, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in 1980 and a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1983. His doctoral thesis was titled "Some electrochemical studies in large molecules", and related to the medicinal opportunities of sugar. He then remained Southampton to undertake teacher training, and completed his Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) in 1984.

From 1984 to 1988, Court taught chemistry and physics at Prince William School, a secondary school in Oundle, Northamptonshire. Having become a committed Christian while at university, he left teaching and entered Oak Hill Theological College, a conservative evangelical theological college in London. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1991.

Ordained ministry
Court was made a deacon at Petertide 1991 (7 July) by Paul Barber, Bishop of Brixworth; and ordained a priest the following Petertide (5 July 1992) by Bill Westwood, Bishop of Peterborough — both times at Peterborough Cathedral. Court served his title (curacy) in Barton Seagrave; from 1994 to 1997, he served a second curacy in Kinson before moving to become Vicar of Mile Cross, Norwich. He then moved to become Vicar of Cromer in 2003; while remaining in which post, he became Rural Dean of Repps and an honorary canon of Norwich Cathedral in 2010.

Episcopal ministry
On 9 May 2014, it was announced that Court had been appointed Bishop of Grimsby in the Diocese of Lincoln. He was duly consecrated by Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury on 25 July 2014 at St Paul's Cathedral, London and installed at Lincoln Cathedral on 27 July 2014.

Between May 2019 and February 2021, during the suspension of the Bishop of Lincoln (Christopher Lowson), Court was served as acting diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Lincoln. He has once more been acting Bishop of Lincoln since 1 May 2023, during the interregnum, in succession to Stephen Conway who had been acting bishop since Lowson retired in December 2021.

Views
In reaction to the Living in Love and Faith process and the proposed introduction of the blessing of same-sex relationships, he stated: "I am hugely grateful to all those whose honesty and vulnerability have helped shape my own thinking on these issues of human identity and sexuality. I have had much to learn and have been changed."

Personal life
Court is married to Ann, and they have three children.

Styles
 Doctor David Court (1983–1991)
 The Reverend Doctor David Court (1991–2010)
 The Reverend Canon Doctor David Court (2010–2014)
 The Right Reverend Doctor David Court (2014–present)

References

1958 births
21st-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Grimsby
Living people
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Alumni of Oak Hill College
Schoolteachers from Northamptonshire


title: Pelin Esmer

text:
Pelin Esmer (born 1972, Istanbul) is a Turkish screenwriter and director.

Career
Pelin Esmer studied anthropology at the social sciences department of Boğaziçi University in Istanbul. She made her first short documentary, Koleksiyoncu (The Collector) about her uncle Mithat Esmer, who is also the main character of her first fiction feature, 10 to 11 (2009). Her 2005 work, Oyun, was filmed in Arslanköy and documents the efforts of a group of peasant women who produce a play based on their lives. Her 2012 film, Watchtower, earned five awards, including Best Director at the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival.

Filmography
2002 Koleksiyoncu: The Collector (documentary)
2005 Oyun (documentary)
2009 10 to 11
2012 Watchtower
2017 Something Useful
2019 Queen Lear

Awards
Yilmaz Güney Award at the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival 2006 (for Oyun)
Best film from the Black Sea region 2006 (for Oyun)
Best film and best script at the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival 2009 (for 10 to 11)
Best young filmmaker from the Middle East region at the Middle East Film Festival Abu Dhabi in 2009 (for 10 to 11)

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
Boğaziçi University alumni
Turkish female screenwriters
Turkish women film directors


title: Pica8

text:
Pica8, Inc. is a computer networking company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. Pica8 is a vendor of open-standards-based operating systems on white box network switches delivering software-defined networking (SDN) solutions for datacenter and cloud computing environments and traditional L2/L3 solutions for large enterprise customers. The company's products include a Linux-based L2/L3 and OpenFlow-supporting network operating system, PicOS, which is shipped as standalone software that can be loaded onto a range of 1/10/40/100 Gigabit Ethernet switches based on commoditized ("white box") switches purchased from original design manufacturers (ODMs).

The company's approach is to combine commodity network hardware (from manufacturers like Accton, Foxconn, Quanta) with Debian Linux, L2/L3 protocol stacks, a full enterprise feature set, OpenFlow controller and Open vSwitch (OVS) to create both a more "democratic" SDN solutions with competitive price compared to conventional embedded switches as well as more flexible and scalable disaggregated enterprise white box networking solutions.

History
The company was founded in 2009. It launched a family of OpenFlow-enabled Ethernet switches in August 2009 and has been selling products ever since.

In 2010, Pica8 was selling 48-port gigabit Ethernet and 10-gigabit Ethernet switches at half the price of comparable products of Force10 and Arista Networks. It achieved such result through combining open source software with merchant ASICs (from companies like Broadcom, Marvell, and Intel/Fulcrum) on switches from "white-box vendors".

In July 2011, Pica8 added support for the open source "Indigo" OpenFlow stack from Big Switch Networks to its switches as an alternative stack. In November 2011 it embedded Open vSwitch (OVS), developed by Nicira, into its operation system PicOS to enable more sophisticated network management from inside the switch.

In October 2012 Pica8 raised $6.6m in Series A funding from VantagePoint Capital Partners to support its sales and product development. On 10 December 2012 the company exited stealth mode with introduction of SDN reference architecture aimed at cloud providers.

By 2013, among about 100 Pica8's customers, including large service providers and hosting companies, were such companies as Baidu, Yahoo! Japan and NTT Communications.

In December 2013, the company launched the Pica8 SDN Starter Kit, an "out-of-the-box" kit that includes an open-source network controller, a programmable network tap, an open-source network intrusion detection system, and other components meant to give customers a complete SDN solution, which would be quick to implement.

In April 2014 Pica8 claimed to be the first vendor to support the latest version 1.4 of OpenFlow and to have over 300 customers globally.

By 2018, Pica8 grew to over 1,000 customers in over 40 countries, announcing a broad push into the enterprise campus and branch office markets in January.

Products

PicOS
PicOS (formerly known as XorPlus) is a network operating system (NOS) that Pica8 has developed based on XORP, an eXtensible Open Router Platform. The operation system works on an unmodified Linux kernel and is extended with a range of network and switching services.

PicOS includes a traditional Layer-2 / Layer-3 switching mode (L2/L3 Mode) and has support for OpenFlow protocol, standardized by the Open Networking Foundation (ONF), through Open vSwitch (OVS). OVS runs as a process on the Debian Linux distribution.

Additionally, PicOS has a hardware abstraction layer that lets it run atop networking ASICs from various switch silicon manufacturers. Therefore, the PicOS operating system can be unaware ("agnostic") about the underlying hardware and not tied to it.

PicaPilot
In addition to PicOS, Pica8 offers a second core technology solution called PicaPilot, which was announced in May 2018.  PicaPilot is an automated white box switch configuration and management application that runs on Pica8-enabled switches alongside PicOS. Designed as a replacement for legacy Ethernet switch stacks and chassis switches, PicaPilot compresses dozens of access- and aggregation-layer leaf-spine topology switches into a single layer and allows them to be managed as a single logical switch with a single consolidated IP address.

CrossFlow
On 10 November 2014 Pica8 announced CrossFlow, a new feature in the PicOS NOS that enables network managers to integrate OpenFlow applications and business policies with existing layer 2/layer 3 networks. Users can run layer 2/layer 3 protocols and OpenFlow protocols on all the switch ports in a network at the same time. OpenFlow can be used for policy-driven applications to bring business logic to the network. The traditional network can optimize packet transport and performance with protocols, such as OSPF, Spanning Tree, and BGP.

Awards and recognitions
 The 10 Coolest Networking Startups Of 2013 according to CRN (2013).
 AlwaysOn OnDemand Companies to Watch (2013).
 AlwaysOn OnDemand 100 Top Private Companies (2014).
 AlwaysOn Global 250 Top Private Companies (2014, along with companies like Acquia, Couchbase, Dropbox, MongoDB).

See also

Linux
Network switch
Router
Packet switching
Circuit switching
Fully switched network
Cumulus Networks
Software-defined networking
Open Compute Project
Open-source computing hardware

References

Networking software companies
Networking hardware companies
Companies based in Palo Alto, California
Networking companies of the United States
Computer companies of the United States


title: 1875 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1875 State of the Union Address was given by Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th president of the United States on Tuesday, December 7, 1875. It was written by him, but not presented to the 44th United States Congress by him. He said, "In submitting my seventh annual message to Congress, in this centennial year of our national existence as a free and independent people, it affords me great pleasure to recur to the advancement that has been made from the time of the colonies, one hundred years ago. We were then a people numbering only 3,000,000. Now we number more than 40,000,000. Then industries were confined almost exclusively to the tillage of the soil. Now manufactories absorb much of the labor of the country."  The Industrial Revolution had begun.

References

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
Works by Ulysses S. Grant
44th United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
December 1875 events
State of the Union


title: Old Sullivan County Courthouse

text:
The Old Sullivan County Courthouse was the first county courthouse of Sullivan County, New Hampshire. Construction of the brick building in 1825-26 was instrumental in securing Newport's status as the shire town of the county when it was established in 1827. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as "Sullivan County Courthouse") in 1985. The building is now in commercial use.

Description and history
The Old Sullivan County Courthouse is located in downtown Newport, on a rise east of Main Street, behind later civic buildings and across Main Street from a cluster of later 19th-century commercial blocks. Its main block is a -story brick structure, with a gabled roof and end chimneys. It has a five-bay front facade, with the center bay taken up by an entry topped by a tower. The entry is two stories, with the main entrance framed by sidelight windows and a half-round transom window. The tower is a wood-frame structure with a blank square stage at its base, followed by an open belfry with arched openings, and topped by a cupola. A brick two-story wing extends to the northeast of the main block.

The courthouse was built in 1825-26 (prior to the establishment of Sullivan County, which occurred in 1827) with funding from the town, and was instrumental in the choice of Newport as the new county's seat. The building served as a county court and town hall until 1873, when it was turned over to the town. It was used by the town as a school until 1896, when it was leased to the local Grange chapter.

See also
Newport Opera House, also used as a county courthouse

References

Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Federal architecture in New Hampshire
Buildings and structures completed in 1826
Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
1826 establishments in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Newport, New Hampshire
Historic district contributing properties in New Hampshire
County courthouses in New Hampshire


title: Wolf Solent

text:
Wolf Solent is a novel by John Cowper Powys (1872–1963) that was written while he was based in Patchin Place, New York City, and travelling around the US as a lecturer. It was published by Simon and Schuster in May 1929 in New York. The British edition, published by Jonathan Cape, appeared in July 1929. This, Powys's fourth novel, was his first literary success. It is a bildungsroman in which the eponymous protagonist, a thirty-five-year-old history teacher, returns to his birthplace, where he discovers the inadequacy of his dualistic philosophy. Wolf resembles John Cowper Powys in that an elemental philosophy is at the centre of his life and, because, like Powys, he hates science and modern inventions like cars and planes, and is attracted to slender, androgynous women. Wolf Solent is the first of Powys's four Wessex novels. Powys both wrote about the same region as Thomas Hardy and was a twentieth-century successor to the great nineteenth-century novelist.

The novel is set in the fictional towns of Ramsgard, Dorset, based on Sherborne, Dorset, where Powys attended school from May 1883, Blacksod, modelled on Yeovil, Somerset, and Kings Barton, modelled on Bradford Abbas, Dorset. It has references to other places in Dorset like Dorchester and Weymouth that were also full of memories for Powys.

Background

Wolf Solent was Powys's first successful novel. There were six impressions of the first edition (American) between 1929 and 1930 and three of the British edition in 1929. There were translations into German (1930, French (1931), and several other European languages. However, Powys had to cut 318 pages from his typescript before Wolf Solent was published by Simon and Schuster. These pages (amounting to six chapters) were hastily condensed into a revised chapter 19 ‘Wine’ for its first publication. They were eventually published with editorial commentary in July 2021, but no attempt has been made as yet to incorporate them into an updated complete Wolf Solent. Some variations to the plot — particularly the disfigurement of Gerda, which is only referred to in the deleted chapters — make such an integration problematic. Following the success of Wolf Solent three of Powys's works of popular philosophy were also best-sellers: The Meaning of Culture (1929), In Defence of Sensuality (1930), A Philosophy of Solitude (1933).

Prior to this Powys had published three apprentice novels: Wood and Stone (1915), Rodmoor (1916), Ducdame (1925), and had also written After My Fashion in 1920, though it was not published until 1980. He had begun work on Wolf Solent in February 1925, It is "the first of the four Wessex novels which established John Cowper Powys's reputation", an  allusion not only to the place but to the influence of Thomas Hardy on him: his first novel, Wood and Stone was dedicated to Hardy.

In the Preface he wrote for the 1961 Macdonald edition of the novel Powys states: "Wolf Solent is a book of Nostalgia, written in a foreign country with the pen of a traveller and the ink-blood of his home.
Wolf Solent is set in Ramsgard, based on Sherborne, Dorset, where Powys attended school from May 1883, as well as Blacksod, modelled on Yeovil, Somerset, and Dorchester, Dorset and Weymouth, Dorset, both in Dorset, all places full of memories for him.

While Powys had been born in Shirley, Derbyshire and lived there for this first seven years of his life, his father then returned to his home county of Dorset, and, after a brief stay in Weymouth, the family resided in Dorchester from May 1880 until the Christmas of 1885. Powys's paternal grandmother lived in nearby Weymouth. For the rest of his youth Powys lived in Montacute, just over the Dorset border in Somerset. Also in the 1961 Preface Powys records the fact that he and his brother Littleton would often "scamper home" on a Sunday from school in Sherborne via Yeovil: "Sherborne was five miles from Montacute; and Yeovil was five miles from Montacute".<ref>Wolf Solent (Penguin edition, 1964), p. 11.</ref>

The seaside resort of Weymouth is the main setting of his novel Weymouth Sands (1934, published as Jobber Skald in England) while Maiden Castle (1935), which alludes to Thomas Hardy's Mayor of Casterbridge, is set in Dorchester (Hardy's Casterbridge). Powys had first settled in Dorchester, after returning from America in 1934. These two works, along with Wolf Solent and A Glastonbury Romance (1932) make up Powys's four main Wessex novels. A Further indication of the importance of familiar places in Powys's fiction is that Glastonbury is just a few miles north of Montacute.

Plot summary
The novel begins with its eponymous, thirty-five-year-old hero on a train returning to his native Dorset to Ramsgard (Sherborne). This follows the loss of his job as a history teacher in London, following an outburst in class in which “he found himself pouring forth a torrent of wild, indecent invective upon every aspect of modern civilization”. This nervous collapse had been triggered by a look of “inert despair” that he had seen on the face of a man on the steps of  Waterloo station in London. He is journeying back to his childhood hometown because he has been hired as a “literary assistant” by the squire of nearby King’s Barton. Wolf in “escaping from an insensitive, brutal world and trivial world” of London, is moving to a place “where he will have a greater freedom to know and be himself”.

This is also a homecoming for him, as he left Ramsgard with his mother when he was ten and it is the place where his father died. In Ramsgard he feels “free of his mother” with whom he has always lived and whom he left in London and “Bound up in some strange affiliation with that skeleton [his father] in the [Ramsgard] cemetery”. In due course Wolf discovers that his father had sunk from being a respected history teacher and had died in the Ramsgard workhouse “in obscure circumstances after some ‘depravity’”, which involved the pornographic bookseller Malakite, Wolf also finds out that his father had had several affairs, and that Wolf has a half-sister, and that Malakite had an incestuous relationship with his elder daughter.

Peter Easingwood suggests, that “[u]nderlying ‘’Wolf Solent’’ is a sensuous-mystical feeling for the natural world that goes with an attempted rejection of human society”. However, Wolf cannot escape human involvement. He has to work, and this involves him in a moral dilemma, because he comes to believe that Squire Urquhart is “the embodiment of evil” and his planned book dangerously immoral. Furthermore, he cannot escape the influence of his mother. Wolf had assured her that she could join him "when I've got a cottage" but she arrives unexpectedly in Dorset earlier than Wolf had planned. But, more seriously he cannot, through his sensuous pleasure in nature, escape from his body and in particular sex, and Wolf soon becomes involved with two women: "Gerda, the child of nature, whom he marries, and the more intellectual and complex Christie", the younger daughter of Malakite. It therefore appears that Wolf Solent is "designed to show how Solent has chosen Dorset as his best retreat, only to find himself cornered". Or, as another writer suggests: "The landscape and the emotional intimacies of his relationships in Dorset manage to attack [Wolf’s] inner life as no physical or personal contact in London had done".Wolf Solent is a novel that focuses on the inner psychic tensions in its protagonist's life, central to this is what Wolf calls his "mythology": "Wolf has taken refuge in a mythological world of his own invention; and at the heart of his 'mythology' there is a struggle between good and evil, seen in the black and white terms of conventional morality".

By the end of the novel Wolf realizes that he and his wife Gerda have little in common and "that he has confused love with 'a mixture of lust and romance'", and that he should have married Christie Malakite. However, he had believed "that any closer involvement with Christie […] would destroy his 'mythology" and his stubborn clinging to this idea ruins their relationship.

Wolf at the end faces the loss of his "mythology" and questions how human beings can "go on living, when their live-illusion was destroyed". Suicide seems a possibility, but the novel ends with Wolf having "a kind of vision" involving a field of golden buttercups, and realizing "that traditional morality" the kind his "mythology" operated under "is too simple". "Powys's vision is not tragic but essentially comic-grotesque". The final words of Wolf Solent — "Well, I shall have a cup of tea" — have been described by Peter Easingwood as "notoriously bathetic". According to Robert Timlin however, "Once its significance in the context of the book as a whole is understood, for Powys to end with Wolf planning to have a cup of tea can be regarded as neither an example of bathos nor an arbitrary decision but an entirely appropriate finish. A light touch, yes, but hardly without resonance."

Main characters

Wolf Solent: A thirty-five year old history teacher, who starts a new life near his birthplace, Ramsgard (Sherborne), Dorset. He resembles John Cowper Powys and has been described as "Powys's mouthpiece for most of the time". Wolf is a follower of Powys's  elemental philosophy: he hates  science and modern inventions, such as cars and planes, and like Powys is attracted to slender, androgynous women.
Ann Solent: Wolf's mother. She and Wolf have lived in London since Wolf was ten. She eventually follows Wolf to Dorset. Krisdottir suggests that her character is based on that of Powys sister Marian, who followed him to New York, became an expert in lace and started her own business there.
William Solent: Wolf's father, a former history teacher in Ramsgard, he died in the town's workhouse after some scandal. His wife left him and went to live in London when Wolf was ten.
Mattie Smith: Wolf's half sister who marries Darnley Otter at the end of the novel and arranges to adopt Olwen.
Squire John Urquhart of Kings Barton who hires Wolf to help him write his Rabelasian "History of Dorset", a work that concentrates "on scandal and crime. Kings Barton is based on the village of Bradford Abbas between Yeovil and Sherborne.
Gerda Torp: The eighteen-year-old daughter of  Blacksod gravedigger and tombstone maker, who is making Redfern's tombstone for Squire Urquhart. Wolf is attracted by Gerda's beauty and her affinity with the natural world, symbolized by her ability to whistle like a blackbird. He seduces Gerda within a week of meeting her and then marries her. She is both "a kind of earth spirit" and "at the same time an ordinary country girl" It has been suggested that Gerda is based, in part, on Powys' wife Margaret Lyon.
Christie Malakite: Younger daughter of Malakite. She has read widely and has much more in common with Wolf than Gerda. She also "belongs to the boy-girl type" that Powys himself was deeply attracted to.  Morine Krissdottir in Descents of Memory suggests that she is based upon Powys's lover Phyllis Playter, whom he met in March 1921, and eventually lived with for the rest of his life.
Selena Gault: is an "eccentric ugly woman who is spiritual mother to Wolf", and who had probably been his father's lover.
Jason Otter: A poet. Cambridge scholar Glen Cavaliero suggests that "Wolf's interior dialogue with the man on the Waterloo steps is paralleled by his actual dialogue with Jason", who "acts as a kind of malevolent chorus". The novel has "three haunting poems by [Jason]", and Belinda Humfrey suggests that perhaps these are among the best poems Powys wrote. Jason is apparently based on Powys's brother Theodore Powys the novelist and writer of short stories.
Darnley Otter: His brother. At the end of the novel he marries Mattie Smith.
Lord Carfax: A cousin and former lover of Wolf's mother. He found Wolf his job with Urquhart, and at the end of the novel intervenes to help various people, including restoring Gerda's ability to whistle, which she lost during her marriage to Wolf.
James Redfern: He was Urquhart's secretary before Wolf and he drowned in Lenty Pond "in mysterious circumstances". It appears that Urquhart was in love with this "beautiful young man". The local people refer to Wolf as Redfern Two, "and wait for him to drown in Lenty Pond".
Roger Monk: Urquhart's manservant.
Bob Weevil: A shop assistant, Wolf's main rival for Gerda'a affections, who cuckolds him.
Lobbie Torp: Gerda's young brother.
Malakite: A pornographic bookseller in Blacksod. At the end of the novel, dying after falling down the stairs, he tells Wolf that Christie pushed him.
Olwen: She is the child of an incestuous union between Malakite and his elder daughter.
Stalbridge: A waiter who Wolf "has identified as the incarnation of that suffering face" on the steps of Waterloo Station. He is one of those Lord Carfax helps at the end of Wolf Solent.
T. E. Valley: A clergyman and one of several homosexual characters in the novel.

The face on the Waterloo steps

An important recurring image in the novel is that of  the face on the steps of Waterloo Station in London, which precipitates Wolf's emotion collapse in front of his history class, and loss of his job. The face of "a man regarded by Wolf as an epitome of the kind of suffering which challenges belief in a benevolent creator". In a letter to his brother Llewelyn, written from Chicago on 18 February 1925, in which Powys mentions working on Wolf Solent, he refers to a beggar that he had seen with "a 'shocking' face". Professor Peter Easingwood suggests that from this encounter came the idea for the face which forms such a "dominant pattern of symbolic imagery" in the novel. This face "of inert despair" is seen by Wolf as linked to "the appalling misery of so many of his fellow Londoners".

Morine Krissdottir in her biography of Powys, Descents of Memory, dates the action of the novel as taking place between March 1921 and May 1922, just three years after the end of World War I and notes that a "triumphal Victory Arch" was formally opened as the main entrance to Waterloo Station in London on 21 March 1922, to be a memorial to the dead. She also records that "in an ironic twist, the steps [of the Victory Arch] soon became a place where beggars, many of them mentally and physically crippled ex-servicemen, gathered". Furthermore, she also suggests that while there is no direct reference to the war in Wolf Solent "the metaphors and imagery" do in fact allude to it, and that "[t]he novel is in fact about a world after the great war--a world in which everything is irrevocably changed".

Critical reception

In his review of the British first edition, in The Spectator, 10 August 1929, writer and critic V. S. Pritchett wrote: Wolf Solent is a stupendous and rather glorious book […] The book is as beautiful and strange as an electric storm, and like the thunder on the Sinai, it is somewhat of a sermon." More recently, also in The Spectator, A. N. Wilson wrote: "The Wessex novels of John Cowper Powys — Wolf Solent (1929), A Glastonbury Romance (1933), Jobber Skald (also published as Weymouth Sands, 1935) and Maiden Castle (1937) — must rank as four of the greatest ever to be written in our language."

In his Introduction to the Penguin Classics edition of the book, A.N. Wilson asserts that Wolf Solent is a "great literary masterpiece". However, Wilson also notes that "this kind of writing is not going to appeal to every reader", and John Cowper Powys "has been expunged from the canon of English literature.

The author and journalist Simon Heffer considers Wolf Solent "to be the finest novel by an Englishman in the 20th century". However, Heffer also notes that Powys' name remains little known.

Bibliography
Cavaliero, Glen. John Cowper Powys, Novelist. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973, pp. 44–60.
Humfey, Belinda, ed. John Cowper Powys's Wolf Solent: Critical Studies. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1990.
Jones, Ben, ″The disfigurement of Gerda: Moral and Textual Problems in Wolf Solent″, The Powys Review 2, Winter 1977, pp. 20–27. <https://www.powys-society.org/1PDF/PR_02.pdf>. Accessed 8 August 2021.
Krissdóttir, Morine. Descents of Memory: The Life of John Cowper Powys. New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2007, pp. 214–30.
__ and Taylor, Kevin, 'Editorial' and 'Missing the Middle' in Wolf Solent the Six Deleted Chapters, The Powys Journal Volume XXXI Supplement, 2021, pp. 7–29.
Lane, Denis, ed. In the Spirit of Powys: New Essays. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1990, pp. 43–70.
Powys, John Cowper. "Preface" to Wolf Solent. London: Macdonald, 1961, pp. v-vii.

See also
John Cowper Powys, Owen Glendower, Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages. AutobiographyReferences

External linksWolf Solent'' online text:

Modernist novels
1929 British novels
Works by John Cowper Powys
Novels set in Somerset
Novels set in Dorset
British bildungsromans
Simon & Schuster books
Jonathan Cape books


title: Hiceteria heterogona

text:
Hiceteria heterogona is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1953
Archipini


title: Hiceteria stannosa

text:
Hiceteria stannosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1953
Archipini


title: Aden Trade Union Congress

text:
The Aden Trade Union Congress (ATUC or TUC) was a trade union in the Aden Colony, a British protectorate in Yemen.

History
The ATUC was founded in 1956 during serious labour unrest in the area. Its organ was Al-'Amal (1957).

The Secretary General of the trade union was Abdullah Asnag, a pro-independence Arab nationalist and admirer of Nasser who also advocated union with Yemen. Supported by the UAR the ATUC rose in importance when the political disturbances and the violence reached a head and political parties ceased to function. By 1959 it was the only entity representing nationalist aspirations in Aden and it used its leverage to boycott elections as the main grouping of the People's Union. In November 1960 the ATUC boycotted the Aden municipal elections.

When Aden Colony became part of the Federation of South Arabia as the State of Aden the unrest continued. In the federation the ATUC had a large influence in the new assembly and to prevent it seizing control of the federation in 1962 the former Colony of Aden had joined the Federation of South Arabia so that Aden's pro-British assembly members could counter the ATUC's influence.

On 30 November 1967 the State of Aden became part of the independent People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, also known as South Yemen, and the ATUC became the main trade union of that state.

When South Yemen united with the Yemen Arab Republic, also known as North Yemen, on 22 May 1990, the Aden Trade Union Congress merged with the General Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions in order to form the Yemeni Confederation of Labor Unions.

The ATUC was affiliated to the World Federation of Trade Unions.

See also

History of Yemen

References

20th-century establishments in the Colony of Aden
South Yemen
Trade unions in Yemen
Trade unions established in 1956
Trade unions disestablished in 1990


title: Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station

text:
Prayagraj Chheoki railway station, formerly Allahabad Chheoki railway station (station code: PCOI), is one of the major railways stations (besides Prayagraj Junction railway station) located in Prayagraj district. Chheoki is at a distance of 10 km from Prayagraj Junction on the Howrah–Delhi main line. Trains that bypass Prayagraj Junction and which come from Jabalpur and go towards Mughalsarai usually stop at Chheoki. To reduce the load on the main junction, trains were shifted to Chheoki. Chheoki has three platforms that are  high-level platforms and one UTS.

History
The station was constructed to decongest Prayagraj Junction and provide a separate route for trains to southern India and Jabalpur which originate from eastern India and Mughalsarai. A delay of more than 30 minutes for an engine change at Prayagraj is thus avoided. This allows trains on the New Delhi–Howrah route to run punctually since scarce platform space at Prayagraj Junction is freed up.

Amenities
The station is a B-class station and part of North Central Railways under the Prayagraj railway division.

Some popular trains that stop at Chheoki are Bhagmati Express, Khwaja Garib Nawaz Madar–Kolkata Express, Bhagalpur–Ajmer Express, Chambal Express, Mahanagari Express, Shipra Express, Sanghamithra Express Tapti Ganga Express, Howrah–Mumbai Mail and Pune–Danapur Superfast Express, Bhagalpur Antyodaya Express, Humsafar Express, and Mahamana Express. Trains plying between Manikpur–Jabalpur–Itarsi, Manikpur–Jhansi–Gwalior, Manikpur–Katni–Bhopal–Indore and Manikpur–Nagpur–Gondia–Secunderabad–Yesvantpur transit through Cheoki.

The station currently lacks facilities like porters, however efforts are being made to convert the station to a satellite hub with better passenger amenities since several trains to southern India transit through this station.

References

Railway stations in Prayagraj
Railway stations in Prayagraj district


title: Derm101

text:
Derm101 was an online and mobile resource for physicians and healthcare professionals to learn the diagnosis and treatment of dermatologic diseases. The resource includes online textbooks, interactive quizzes, peer-reviewed open access dermatology journals, a dermatologic surgery video library, case studies, thousands of clinical photographs and photomicrographs of skin diseases, and mobile applications.

History
Dr. A. Bernard Ackerman (1936–2008), a prominent figure in dermatology and dermatopathology, and Andy Zwick, his nephew and collaborator, founded Derm101 in 2002. The concept for Derm101 was envisioned and proposed to Dr. Ackerman by Zwick in 1999, while he was a senior at Harvard, and they went on to develop Derm101 together. Derm101 debuted in February 2002 at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology in New Orleans.

In February 2016, Nestlé announced its creation of Nestlé Skin Health, a conglomerate of skin health-related companies, of which Derm101 was a part of. In 2019, Nestlé Skin Health was acquired by a private equity firm EQT, a unit of the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority and PSP Investments, and rebranded as Galderma. Shortly after the sale was finalized, Galderma made the decision to decommission Derm101 which occurred on December 31, 2019.

References

External links
• Derm101.com (http://www.derm101.com)

Dermatology
American medical websites


title: Devdatt Kumar Kikabhai Patel

text:
Devdatt Kumar Kikabhai Patel (1938–2001) was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Gujarat. He was a member of Rajya Sabha from 1970 to 1976. Patel was elected to Gujarat Legislative Assembly in 1998 from Mahuva.

References

1938 births
2001 deaths
Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat
Gujarat MLAs 1998–2002
People from Bhavnagar district
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat