title: Alick Bevan

text:
Alick Bevan (27 March 1915 – 24 January 1945) was a British cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was son of Percy and Rose Anne Bevan of Battersea, London.

He was killed in action during World War II while serving in the Western Allied invasion of Germany. He was serving as a lieutenant in the East Surrey Regiment who was attached to the 7th Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment when he was mortally wounded by a landmine while participating in an operation around the towns of Pütt and Walderath in Heinsberg, western Nazi Germany. He was buried in Brunssum War Cemetery in the Netherlands.

References

External links

1915 births
1945 deaths
British male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Great Britain
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Wandsworth
Cyclists from Greater London
British Army personnel killed in World War II
East Surrey Regiment officers
Military personnel from London
Landmine victims


title: Matt Tarrant

text:
Matt Tarrant (born 18 April 1987) is an Australian magician and mentalist known for his touring stage shows and as a contestant on Australian Survivor.

Early life
Tarrant grew up in Adelaide, South Australia and studied at Brighton Secondary School from 2000 to 2004.

Career

Tarrant began performing at the age of 18 and established his career at the Adelaide Fringe Festival, winning the People's Choice of the Adelaide Fringe award for five years consecutively. His debut solo show in 2016, Honestly Dishonest, received generally positive reviews and won the Best Magic awards in 2016 and 2017 at the festival's weekly awards. Deception ran for an entire season at the Adelaide Fringe 2014 with his performing partner Vinh Giang.

In 2017, Tarrant toured Australia, starting with the Fringe World Festival in Perth, followed by the Adelaide Fringe Festival. Tarrant won the Adelaide Fringe Pick Of the Fringe award in 2019, one of 29 prizes awarded at the closing night ceremony. In January 2023, Tarrant became a board member of the Adelaide Fringe Foundation, which donated grants to artists and disadvantaged communities.

Television appearances
In 2016, Tarrant appeared on the third season of Australian Survivor, which was the first series of the Network Ten iteration of the show, finishing in fifth place.

In 2022, he competed on the tenth season of Australia's Got Talent and was eliminated as a semi-finalist.

Personal life

An avid Port Adelaide Football Club supporter, Tarrant became an official celebrity ambassador for the club in 2014.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Australian magicians
Survivor (franchise) contestants


title: Dichelopa praestrigata

text:
Dichelopa praestrigata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia.

References

Moths described in 1928
Dichelopa


title: Dichelopa pyrsogramma

text:
Dichelopa pyrsogramma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia.

References

Moths described in 1934
Dichelopa


title: Dichelopa pulcheria

text:
Dichelopa pulcheria is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Rapa Iti in the South Pacific Ocean.

References

Moths described in 1971
Dichelopa


title: Dichelopa rhodographa

text:
Dichelopa rhodographa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Rapa Iti in the South Pacific Ocean.

References

Moths described in 1971
Dichelopa


title: Dichelopa vaccinii

text:
Dichelopa vaccinii is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Rapa Iti in the South Pacific Ocean.

References

Moths described in 1971
Dichelopa


title: Dichelopa sericopis

text:
Dichelopa sericopis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Rapa Iti in the South Pacific Ocean.

References

Moths described in 1926
Dichelopa


title: Jordie Bellaire

text:
Jordie Bellaire is an American comic book writer and colorist who lives in Florida and works for DC, Marvel, Valiant, and Image comic book publishers. She has colored Pretty Deadly, The Manhattan Projects, Moon Knight, The Vision, Magneto, Nowhere Men, Hawkeye, Batman, among other titles.

Bellaire is credited with starting the "Comics are for everybody" initiative to make the comic book community more inclusive and compassionate.

Bellaire along with Declan Shalvey created the poster for the American TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. episode "One of Us".

Colorist Appreciation Day
Following a Tumblr post by Bellaire in early 2013, fans declared January 24 to be "Colorist Appreciation Day", in order to celebrate how much the color adds to the artwork of any given comic. In her post, an open letter titled "I'm mad as hell and I'm not going to take it any more", directed at an unnamed fan convention, she talks about how important the colorist is but how little recognition they get, saying "Colorists are the unknown amazing backup singer that makes every track awesome".

Eisner Awards
In 2014, Bellaire was nominated for an Eisner award for best cover artist for her collaboration on The Wake with Sean Murphy. In addition, she also received a nomination for Best Coloring award for her work on various titles, which she won.

References

American comics artists
Living people
Marvel Comics people
DC Comics people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Eisner Award winners for Best Coloring
Comics colorists


title: Marathon Oil Service Station

text:
The Marathon Oil Service Station is a historic automotive service facility at the southeast corner of East 2nd and Spring Streets in downtown Fordyce, Arkansas.  It is a single story building constructed out of red and buff brick, with an auto canopy covered in a tile roof.  The main facade of the building has a parapet which conceals a barrel roof.  The building is divided into two functional bays, an office to the left and a garage bay to the right.  The canopy extends in front of the left bay, and is supported by a single brick column, in which there is an original Marathon Oil logo.  The building is a well-preserved example of a 1920s service station.

The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Gas stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Buildings and structures completed in 1928
Buildings and structures in Fordyce, Arkansas
Historic district contributing properties in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas


title: Pousade e Albardo

text:
Pousade e Albardo is a civil parish in the municipality of Guarda, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Pousade and Albardo. The population in 2011 was 270, in an area of 16.89 km2.

References

Freguesias of Guarda, Portugal


title: Bill Messer

text:
Bill Messer (born 8 July 1915, date of death unknown) was a British cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1915 births
Year of death missing
British male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Great Britain
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
People from Willesden
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Brent
Cyclists from Greater London


title: Shaka Polytechnic

text:
Shaka Polytechnic in Benin City, Nigeria, is a privately owned tertiary institution which was established on 6 February 1986 as the Nigerian Institute of Computer Science.

Background
The school was founded by Late Donaldson Shaka Momodu. It has its main campus at Evbo-Ewedo, Egba Way, along Benin-Auchi Road and the first campus at 1, Prince Shaka Momodu Street, Ogiso Quarters, Benin City.  The institution became accredited as a Polytechnic by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) in 2013. The polytechnic is under the leadership of Henrietta Shaka Momodu.

Academic programmes
The institution runs four schools/faculties with a total of nine academic programmes for the award of National Diploma(ND) and Higher National Diploma(HND);

School of Business and Management
 Accountancy
 Business Administration and Management
 Marketing
 Mass Communication

School of Applied Science
 Computer Science
 Statistics

School of Engineering
 Electrical/Electronics Engineering
 Computer Engineering

School of Environmental Science
 Estate Management

See also
List of Polytechnics in Nigeria

References

External links
 Official website

Polytechnics in Nigeria
Education in Benin City
Educational institutions established in 1986
1986 establishments in Nigeria


title: Miloš Jevtić

text:
Miloš Jevtić (born November 3, 1989) is a professional Serbian football player who currently plays for Woodlands Wellington as a defender.

Career
Jevtić joined the S.League in 2014 with the Rams. Previously, he played with FK Dorćol in Serbian League Belgrade.

References

External links
Profile at Goal.com

1989 births
Living people
Serbian men's footballers
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FK Sinđelić Beograd players
FK BSK Borča players
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
Woodlands Wellington FC players
Singapore Premier League players
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Matilda Ridout Edgar

text:
Matilda Ridout Edgar (29 September 1844 – 29 September 1910) was a Canadian historian and feminist.
She was born Matilda Ridout, became Matilda Edgar by marriage, and became Lady Edgar in 1898 when her husband was knighted.
The mother of nine children, she turned to historical research and writing when in her forties.
She published three books in her lifetime and was working on a fourth when she died.
She was active in a number of Toronto-based societies and in her later years was a strong advocate of women's causes.

Early years
Matilda Ridout was born in Toronto, Canada, on 29 September 1844, the fifth child and second daughter of Thomas Gibbs Ridout and Matilda Ann Bramley.
Her grandfather, Thomas Ridout of Sherborne, Dorset, was surveyor general of Upper Canada from 1810 to 1829.
Her father was the first cashier of the Bank of Upper Canada from 1822 until he retired in 1861.
Her father died a few months after retiring, and his mother was left with little money to support a family of nine.
On 5 September 1865 Matilda married James David Edgar, a barrister, lawyer and author, becoming Matilda Edgar.
The marriage of "Tillie" (Matilda) and James was happy and loving, as is shown by the letters he wrote to her daily when politics took him to Ottawa.

She enjoyed raising their three daughters and six sons, although they left her with little free time.
Eight of the children lived into adulthood.
Their eldest son was James Frederic Edgar, born on 6 July 1866.
Their second surviving son was Pelham Edgar and their oldest daughter was Maud.
They were followed by William Wilkie, born on 26 October 1874, Beatrice on 25 August 1877, David Keithock on 29 November 1879 and Herbert Wedderlie on 20 June 1883.
Marjorie was born in 1886.

Her husband ran on the Liberal platform and was elected to the House of Commons of Canada to represent Monck, Ontario on 12 October 1872, but lost his seat in the election of 22 January 1874. He ran again without success in several by-elections and elections until being elected on the Liberal platform for Ontario West on 22 August 1884.
During his time out of office he became the unofficial organizer for Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie in Ontario, and negotiated a new railway clause for the entry of British Columbia into the Confederation of Canada.

Philanthropist
James David Edgar was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons on 19 August 1896, holding this position until his death. As his wife, Matilda Edgar was invited to become patron of enterprises such as the Toronto Infants' Home, the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire, and the Women's Art Association of Canada (WAAC) In 1898 Matilda Edgar and Mary Dignam, president of the WAAC, arranged for members of the House and Senate to subscribe $1,000 to purchase the Cabot Commemorative State Dinner Service. This was a hand-painted eight-course, 24-place dinner set representing Canadian subjects that had been made by WAAC members to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Canada. The set was formally presented to Lady Aberdeen on the occasion of her husband finishing his assignment as Governor General of Canada.

Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier appointed Edgar to the Privy Council, and in 1898 he was knighted. He was already showing the symptoms of nephritis, a kidney disease. For part of 1898 Matilda, now Lady Edgar, was acting president of the National Council of Women of Canada. When her husband died on 31 July 1899, Matilda Edgar  was devastated, and gave up all public activities for the next year. She briefly turned to spiritualism, and thought she received a message from her husband telling her to continue to work and to give her support to the children.

Matilda Edgar became active in public again in 1900. She threw herself into women's causes, proposing that women should have the right to receive higher education, support themselves, vote, and not lose control of their property when they married. She became a life member of the National Council of Women in 1906, and was elected president of the council that year. She was elected president again in 1909.

Historian

In 1890 Matilda Edgar published an edited collection of letters between her grandfather and his sons George and Thomas. They described life in Toronto and London and the battles of the War of 1812. The work celebrated the achievements of Canada in an effort to build national pride, and was well received.
A sketch of her life published by the Women's Canadian Historical Society in 1914 said, "The resultant volume ... revealed her sense of historical perspective, her easy mastery of detail, and her possession of a literary style that was at once limpid, nervous and strong".

Matilda Edgar and Sarah Anne Curzon founded the Canadian Women's Historical Society in 1895. She replaced Curzon as president of the Society in 1897, when Curzon retired. In 1904 she published a biography of Sir Isaac Brock, another "whig" celebration of Canadian achievement. The Montreal Standard said of this book that "for accuracy and completeness of information…and for beauty of style, it has seldom been surpassed." Her third book also drew on the Ridout family papers. It was a biography of Horatio Sharpe, a colonial governor of Maryland. The book was published in 1912, after her death, and was highly praised.

Matilda Edgar began work on a biography of an ancestor of her husband, James Edgar, a Scottish Jacobite. For more than forty years he was private secretary to James Francis Edward Stuart, the Chevalier St. George.
She was given permission to conduct research at Windsor Castle, where his correspondence was preserved, and spent the winter of 1909–10 working in the library. The book was complete apart from the last three chapters when she went back to London to conduct some research in the British Museum. She died of heart failure in London, England, on 29 September 1910. Her body was taken back to Toronto for burial.

James Frederic Edgar served in the Second Riel Rebellion, then completed his legal studies and was called to the bar of Ontario. He was eventually created a King's Counsel. Pelham Edgar became an English professor at Victoria College in the University of Toronto. Maud co-founded Miss Edgar's and Miss Cramp's School in Montreal, and for many years was headmistress of this private school for girls.
Marjorie married Keith Hicks. Their daughter Maud McLean co-authored a biography of Matilda and her husband, published in 1988.

Bibliography
Matilda Edgar's published works were:

References

Sources

External links

 J. D. Edgar family fonds, Archives of Ontario

1844 births
1910 deaths
Canadian women historians
Canadian feminists
People from Old Toronto
20th-century Canadian historians
19th-century Canadian historians


title: Tracie Thomas

text:
Tracie Thomas was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin in 1965.  As a child, she moved to Boulder, Colorado. While in Boulder, she started the punk rock band, Anti-Scrunti Faction (A.S.F.) with Leslie Mah.

Tracie Thomas appeared in the film The Yo-Yo Gang by G.B. Jones. Tracie Thomas and Leslie Mah starred in the movie and performed their single, "Frat Boy".

After A.S.F. broke up in 1985, Tracie moved to New York City and joined the band Special Head. While living in NYC, she worked at an English Motorcycle Shop called Sixth Street Specials and for the famous motorcyclist Indian Larry.

Tracie Thomas currently resides in Florida and re-launched a clothing line called Trauma Tease Apparel in 2014.

Tracie's brother is the late Steven Thomas, founder of Webroot Software company.

References

External links
 www.traumatease.com

1965 births
Living people
Musicians from Kenosha, Wisconsin


title: Ivan Valant

text:
Ivan Valant (born 21 October 1909, died 1999) was a Yugoslav cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1909 births
Year of death missing
Yugoslav male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Yugoslavia
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Ljubljana
Slovenian male cyclists


title: Anara Naeem

text:
Anara Naeem is an Islamic scholar of Maldives. She was a Member of Parliament for Makunudhoo constituency from 2014 to 2019 as a member of the Adhaalath Party.

Naeem has a bachelor's degree in Sharia and Law from University of Qatar.  She was the only member of the Adhaalath Party who won a seat in Parliament in 2014.  She announced her departure from the party in December 2021.

References

Living people
21st-century Maldivian women politicians
21st-century Maldivian politicians
Adhaalath Party politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Qatar University alumni


title: Ernest Gjoka

text:
Ernest Gjoka (born 25 January 1970) is an Albanian professional football coach. Ernest is a very well known coach in Albania and all over the Balkan, not only for his trophies and achievements, but also for the modern way choosing to train his teams. The modern style of playing football is what makes Gjoka one the best coaches in Balkan.
With a good CV, Gjoka's now is creating his name in Saudi Arabia, gaining success as he knows. Ernest was born to Catholic Albanian parents.

Managerial career

Kukësi
One of his most important trophies was won with team of Kukësi. With Gjoka as a team manager, Kukësi made a season without any lost. Gjoka has also win 2 other trophies with Kukësi and qualified in many phases in UCL and UEL.

Shkëndija
A big step on Gjoka's career was being a team manager at Shkendija, one of the best teams in Balkan. He demonstrated his coaching skills there, not only by winning the Macedonian league, but also by qualifying in UCL(uefa champions league) and playing a dream game against Jose Mourinho.

Ohod
On 20 September 2022, Gjoka was appointed as manager of Saudi club Ohod. He was sacked on 15 March 2023 and replaced by Augustin Călin.

References

https://www.slobodenpecat.mk/en/goka-motiviran-shto-ke-se-soocham-protiv-eden-od-najdobrite-treneri-vo-svetot/
https://nistori.com/sport/ernest-gjoka-zgjidhet-trajneri-me-i-mire-ne-maqedonine-e-veriut/

External links
Soccerway profile

1970 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tirana
Albanian football managers
FK Apolonia Fier managers
FC Kamza managers
KF Tomori managers
Flamurtari FC managers
FK Kukësi managers
KF Vllaznia Shkodër managers
Kategoria Superiore managers
KF Shkëndija managers
Ohod Club managers
Saudi First Division League managers
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia


title: Josip Pokupec

text:
Josip Pokupec (20 August 1913 – 2 April 1999) was a Yugoslav cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1913 births
1999 deaths
Yugoslav male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Yugoslavia
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment

text:
Public plans for energy efficient refurbishment are put in place by states to encourage building owners to renovate their properties in a way that increases their energy performance. As financing represents the most important obstacle to this type of renovation, the plans favour financial incentives in the form of loans or grants. Various institutions can be involved in the process, such as ministries, banks, firms, or energy services companies (ESCOs).

A number of countries have implemented such plans: the United States, France, Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, Estonia, and others.

United States: PACE

The concept of PACE (Property-Assessed Clean Energy) was inspired by “solar bonds” program implemented in San Francisco in 2001. It was meant to overcome the major barrier to the installation of solar and energy efficiency retrofits in commercial or residential properties: high up-front costs. The principle consisted in “on-tax bill solar and efficiency financing,” whereby repayment of the investment in measures is made through a property tax assessment.

PACE originated in 2008 with pilot programs in California, Colorado, and New York, that focused primarily on energy efficiency upgrades to single family homes. The first actual PACE program was carried out in Berkeley, California, and the state passed the first PACE-enabling legislation in 2008.

In the midst of the 2008 financial crisis, on July 30, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) was created to supervise enterprises and banks (the "regulated entities"), after Fannie Mae (the Federal National Mortgage Association) and Freddie Mac (the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association)'s bankruptcy. At the time, most homes had a market value below the volume of contracted loans, following the burst of the housing bubble. In July 2010, the FHFA issued the first of many directives that effectively ban Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from buying or holding mortgages with PACE assessments. PACE therefore shifted its focus over the next year toward commercial, industrial, multi-family and agricultural buildings and properties.

PACENow, is a national advocate for PACE, defines its mission as “to promote and assist the development of PACE programs by state and local governments and provide leadership and support for a growing universe of energy efficiency and PACE stakeholders.”

PACE funding is provided (using various sources) or arranged by local governments for 100% of a project's cost, and is repaid with an assessment over a term of up to 20 years.

Germany - KfW Bankengruppe

Context and creation

KfW (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, meaning Reconstruction Credit Institute) is a German government-owned development bank, based in Frankfurt. The bank was created in 1948 after the Second World War as part of the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe.

The KfW Förderbank (KfW promotional bank) is today its largest business unit, committed to housing and environmental protection. KfW introduced the Efficiency House Standard in 2009, to identify levels of energy efficiency in houses and provide loans or grants accordingly. Its activities devoted to bringing down CO2 emissions align with a strategy designed by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) in 2010, following the decision to speed up the pace of nuclear energy phase-out. This strategy outlined the directions to be privileged in the following years to achieve the desired level of energy efficiency. Among others, it asked to significantly raise the efficiency standards for buildings, to increase funds available for building improvement, and to implement tools to help ensure that new buildings gradually comply with the futureEuropean standards for nearly zero energy buildings. The KfW created promotional programmes targeting private buyers and homeowners, landlords and housing companies, to support refurbishment of older residential buildings with grants or loans.

Goals and missions

The German government announced in its “Energy Concept” strategy that it aims at reducing CO2 emissions by 80% in 2050 (the base year is 1990). Between 1990 and 2010, annual CO2 emissions have fallen at an average annual growth rate of -1.1%. This rate is not large enough to reach the 80% reduction goal; emissions should decrease at a rate of 3.4% per year from now on.

The most important sector contributing to CO2 emissions is the production and distribution of energy and water (42% of total emissions), and the second-most important one is that of private households (22%). The government has thus decided that efforts must be focused on two pillars: increased energy efficiency in existing buildings, and a larger share of renewable electricity. In order to ensure a reduction of energy consumption in existing buildings, it has decided to promote their rehabilitation, and has committed to carrying out thermal retrofits on 2% of the building stock each year. The realization of these goals is precisely what KfW's promotional programs are targeting.

Intervention methods

The bank has set six levels of promotional incentives for energy efficiency refurbishment activities, expressed as Efficiency House Standards 55, 70, 85, 100, 115, and “Monument”. These numbers represent the energy consumption of the housing unit as a percentage of the maximum primary energy requirement specified by the Energy Conservation Ordinance (EnEV). The lower the rating, the greater the energy efficiency. For example, a “KfW Efficiency House 70” consumes 70% of this requirement. As such, the best standard (55) receives the greatest support. To meet the energy standard for an efficient home, heating systems, thermal wall insulation, roof and floor insulation and windows are required. Promotional funds are available either through a loan, or through a grant.

The involvement of an energy consultant is mandatory in the application process, and must be contracted by the applicant himself.

Supplementary Credit

The “KfW Energy Efficient Renovation - Supplementary Credit” programme offers low interest loans specifically for the replacement of the heating and domestic hot water systems that were installed before 2009. The loans can be up to €50,000, and have a 10-year maturity at a fixed interest rate.

BAFA Energiesparberatung (Energy saving advice)

The Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA) offers grants in certain situations to cover expenses in on-site energy consultancy in residential buildings (on-site consulting). The maximum grant cannot exceed 50% of the total gross cost of the consultation.

Financial arrangements

KfW obtains its funding on the capital markets, where it benefits from an AAA credit rating and a 100% guarantee from the German government. It obtains around €80 billion annually on the international capital markets. KfW thus provides refinancing loans to commercial banks at advantageous rates. KfW does not lend directly to individuals; loans have to go through commercial banks. The interest rate for the promotional loans distributed by the commercial banks is further subsidized by funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Building, Transport and Urban Development. KfW also receives additional funding from the “Energy and Climate fund”, used to finance the preferential loans and the grants. Grants are distributed directly by KfW to individuals.

Business plan and results

In 2012, KfW Group had dedicated €29.2 billion to its “Climate change and environment” department, making it its largest activity and its core priority. The latest data on the KfW programs’ achievements shows positive results: between 2006 and 2012, the programs led to an average reduction of 5.9 Mt CO2 equivalents per year.

More specifically on KfW's refurbishment programmes, the commitment volume in 2012 was €10.1 billion, and financed investments amounted to €27.3 billion. Still in 2012, 240,000 housing units were refurbished to higher energy efficiency levels, and 116,000 new energy efficient housing units were built.

In terms of energy conservation, the energy use in newly retrofitted buildings has decreased from approximately 120 kWh per square meter per annum to 80 kWh/sm/p.a.

International opening

In 2010, the KfW entered into a partnership with the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), whereby the KfW provided a dedicated credit line of €50 Million to finance energy efficiency projects in micro, small and medium enterprises in India. The aim is to encourage MSMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) to undertake energy-saving investments in plant and machinery, and in production processes. KfW has also provided technical assistance to help SIDBI identify key MSME clusters, set up the financing streams, and conduct awareness campaigns.

Macroeconomic effects

A study on the macroeconomic effects of the German government's building rehabilitation programs has been conducted to assess the impact from the investment projects on the public revenue, the housing industry and the climate policy. The analysis focused on short-term effects (the effects taking place in the corresponding year). For the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, the analysis took into account the program cost (the opportunity cost of providing funds for the KfW promotional programs instead of using them elsewhere), and calculated the revenues from the value added tax paid by investors, net taxes on products, net taxes on production, payroll tax and SSC (Social Security Contributions) including solidarity surcharge, corporate income tax, and other income taxes including solidarity surcharge. Because it is not clear whether the additional demand for labour is met through overtime work or through additional jobs, the analysis provides two scenarios; one named “overtime”, where the demand impulse does not create additional jobs, and the second named “jobs”, where the opposite is true. In the latter, the avoided cost of unemployment is added as a revenue.

In any scenario, results clearly show that the public revenue has been positively impacted by the investment projects.

 In 2008, the program cost amounted to €1,293 million. In the scenario “overtime”, the net effect on the public budget (public revenue minus program cost) was €1,478 million. In the scenario “jobs”, the avoided cost of unemployment equals €857 million, and the net effect is thus €2,335 million.
 In 2009, which was the year of the “Great Recession”, when the KfW programs were used as a means to increase aggregate demand, the program cost amounted to €2,035 million. In the scenario “overtime”, the net effect was €3,326 million, and in the scenario “jobs”, it was €5,937 million.
 In 2010, the program cost was much lower than in 2009, amounting to €1,366 million. In the scenario “overtime”, the net effect was €3,987 million, and in the scenario “jobs”, it was €5,810 million, quite similar to the year 2009.

The conclusion from this study is three-fold: first, KfW promotional programs result in important energy use and emissions reduction. Not only is this environmentally valuable, it also helps to reduce Germany's import dependence on manufacturing and energy sources. Second, the programs strengthen the demand for labour-intensive activities such as construction services, thereby reducing unemployment. Finally, the net effect of the programs on the public budget is undeniably positive, as a weighing of program costs against induced revenues shows.

Estonia: KredEx

The KredEx scheme was designed based on the German federal bank (KfW) model, a pioneer in the use of a revolving fund to finance energy efficient building renovation.

The success of the KredEx scheme relies mainly on the political impetus it was given at the time of its creation. This allowed to raise a considerable amount of funding from the EU Structural Funds, a first in Europe for this type of program.

The political impetus also allowed for the development of a legal framework propitious to the distribution of funds under preferential terms, to widen adoption of the program by end beneficiaries.

Apartment building associations who wish to undertake renovation works must undertake an energy audit in order to apply for the loan or grant. It is their responsibility to contract construction companies and supervisors for the works (who check that the works respect the terms of the loan).

The proposed loans are advantageous in their longer maturity (up to 20 years), lower interest rates (from 4.3%), and rates fixed for a period of 10 years. Grants are available for those who wish to undertake more comprehensive refurbishment. The combination of grants and loans has proven beneficial: grants motivate project adoption, and long term favourable loans are needed to make the investment accessible.
Expected energy savings are way above the level that was initially set as a target.

Context and creation

Estonia is one of the most attractive country in Eastern Europe in terms of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), thanks to a high credit rating (A), low labour costs, a modern technological infrastructure, and favourable regulatory and tax policies. Environmental policy is designed by the Ministry of Environment, whereas energy policy is managed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications.

Under the EU's burden-sharing agreement for reduction of  emissions, Estonia was mandated to reduce greenhouse gases by 8% over 1990 values between 2008 and 2012. Energy efficiency in buildings is a high priority for the Estonian Government: 60% of housing was built between 1960 and 1990, around 95% is privately owned, and 75% of the population lives in multi-apartment buildings.

KredEx was created in 2001 to help Estonian companies develop, raise finance, and expand their exports. Another aim was to support the upgrade and renovation of domestic housing, and its primary focus has gradually shifted to the development of financial products that support retrofit of apartment buildings. It provides various financial products, such as loans and loan guarantees, as well as grants for renovation, efficiency audits and evaluations.

Legal status and nature of partnerships

KredEx is a state-owned credit and export guarantee fund (not a public bank), created in 2001 by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications as a not-for-profit entity. Sureties and guarantees issued by KredEx are fully backed by a state guarantee. It was established as a body governed by private law, operating in the public interest according to State policies.

KredEx works as a revolving fund that, among other activities, supports financing of energy efficiency projects. It has received loans from the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) to undertake measures aimed at complying with the council's Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings. KredEx also receives funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Important other stakeholders in the program include the commercial banks Swedbank and SEB, which get favourable funding from KredEx and make loans to apartment building associations. Their main motivation to take part in the program was to get access to more clients, especially at the beginning of the financial crisis. They have also had very good experiences with financing energy refurbishment of buildings prior to 2009.

KredEx also works in cooperation with some international bodies, in particular other state-owned financial institutions: in 2007, it signed a Memorandum of Understanding with KfW Bankengruppe (Germany), BGK (Poland), and Hipotēku Banka (Latvia), on the structuring and implementation of large financing programmes to promote energy efficiency in housing, for which KfW provided advice.

Goals and missions

The KredEx scheme aims to motivate apartment building owners to reduce energy consumption and increase the energy efficiency of their homes by providing preferential loans and grants under certain conditions. In 2009, the stated goal was to renovate at least 1,000 buildings within the framework of the following years in order to deem the program successful. The targeted energy savings are of approximately 30% for renovated buildings.

Financial arrangements

Since 2003, KredEx has been committed to supporting energy efficiency through loans and grants. Until 2007, KredEx has worked under a simple grant scheme. For energy audits, building designs and technical expertise, up to 50% of the costs are provided in grants; this part of the scheme is still continuing today. For renovation, up to 10% of the costs were provided through grants; through this scheme, KredEx achieved renovation of 3,200 buildings, for an amount of €11 Million. The problems with this approach were insufficient funding, limitation to “single works”, and the fact that grants are only available after payments (building owners had to provide the entirety of up-front costs).

KredEx therefore shifted to a revolving fund approach, to widen the opportunities for refurbishment of buildings, receive greater financial support from the state, and reduce administration costs.

In 2010, Estonia became the first country to channel EU Structural Funds into apartment buildings renovation programs:

 The Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) provided a loan of €29 Million, at very interesting rates.
 The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) disbursed €17 Million to the fund.

In 2009, the Fund amounted to €49 Million. Progressively, KredEx added up to €10 Million to the Fund from its profits. In 2013, the Estonian State provided a loan of €16 Million to KredEx, and the capital was increased to €72.6 Million.

The Fund is used to offer preferential loans for building refurbishment, distributed through two commercial banks, Swedbank and SEB Estonia. The advantages of the loans disbursed through the banks are:

 Longer maturity (20 years instead of an average of 11.8 years)
 Lower interest rates (4.3-4.8% instead of 7-10%)
 Rates fixed for longer periods (10 years instead of 5, or even variable rates)

Intervention methods

The renovation loan programme was developed by KredEx, together with the KfW (Germany), and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. Apartment Building Renovation Loans, introduced in 2009, are available for apartment buildings constructed before 1993. Loans cannot be applied for by individual homeowners. Only apartment associations, building associations and communities of apartment owners in buildings with at least 3 apartments are eligible.

The main terms for the loans are as follows:

 Achievement of energy saving of at least 20% in apartment buildings of 2000m2
 Achievement of energy saving of at least 30% in apartment buildings of over 2000m2
 Loan period of up to 20 years
 Self-financing of at least 15%, can be covered by reconstruction grant
 Minimum loan amount: €6,400 per apartment building, up to 64 EUR/m2 or the maximum amount according to the apartment building's solvency

Aside from loans, grants are also available to help finance the independent energy audit (including monitoring after the renovation) and project design documents. It can be used to decrease the share of self-financing, or by apartment buildings constructed after 1993 (which do not belong to the renovation loan target group of KredEx) to be combined with a regular loan. The goal of the grant scheme is to motivate building owners to achieve complete renovation of the buildings, without leaving important energy saving measures aside. The grants are distributed in the amount of 15%, 25% and 35% of the total project cost, depending on the level of energy savings achieved, under the following conditions:

15% Grant

 Fulfill the terms for renovation loan
 Energy saving 20 or 30%, according to the size of the building (see terms of the loans)
 Energy label E, energy consumption below 250 kWh/m2

25% Grant

 Roof, facade, windows, heating system have to be included in the renovations
 Energy saving of at least 40%
 Energy label D, energy consumption below 200 kWh/m2

35% Grant

 Roof, facade, windows, heating system, and heat-recovery ventilation have to be included in the renovations
 Energy saving of at least 50%
 Energy label C, energy consumption below 150 kWh/m2

Implementation and operations

Application for the renovation loan has to be made through Swedbank or SBE.

Prior to making the application, building owners must contract an energy auditor themselves, and put together the required documents (energy audit, energy consumption reports, construction bids...) on their own. KredEx thus comes in after the applicants’ process of making the decision to renovate and of forming the project (the budget has to be all set out before the application is made). After a loan and/or grant is approved, it is the building owner's responsibility to find a construction company that will undertake the renovation works, and to contract a supervisor that will make sure loan terms are respected.

Business plan and results

Number of renovations: When the KredEx fund was launched in 2009, the objective was to finance at least 1,000 buildings. By the end of 2013, 798 buildings were renovated. 415 buildings used reconstruction grant and KredEx soft loan, 185 buildings used only KredEx loan, and 198 buildings used only reconstruction grant.

Average amounts: The average loan amount in 2011 was €100,000, the average self-financing was 27.9% and the average length of loan period was 15.2 years. In terms of grants, the average amount in 2011 was €26,192.

Energy savings: For apartment loans, the average predicted savings achieved with the reconstruction work is 39.3%, way above the initial targets of 20 or 30%. This saving relates to an after-works consumption of 75 GWh per year on average.

Australia - 1200 Buildings

Context and creation

The City of Melbourne is one of the most innovative cities in Australia in terms of sustainability, and has been devoted for many years to reducing its carbon footprint.

In 2002, the City published Zero Net Emissions by 2020 - A Roadmap to a Climate Neutral City, setting an ambitious target. The strategy is backed by innovative projects such as 1200 Buildings, launched in 2010, aimed at the energy efficient refurbishment of commercial (non-residential) buildings. As stated by 1200 Buildings’ targets, “fifty percent of the municipality’s greenhouse gas emissions are generated by the commercial sector. If commercial buildings improve their energy efficiency by approximately 38 percent, 383,000 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions (-e) will be eliminated per year”.

1200 Buildings published a survey report in 2013 to assess the evolution of the program and its results, drawing a picture of the rate and type of retrofitting achieved, and listing drivers and perceived barriers to the project. The report indicates successful, encouraging results in terms of the level of retrofit activity.

Legal status and nature of partnerships

To finance environmental retrofits, which is the key challenge in these initiatives, the City of Melbourne developed an innovative finance mechanism. It required an amendment to the City of Melbourne Act 2001 by the state Government of Victoria, enabling Melbourne to levy a new form of statutory charge, the Environmental Upgrade Finance. This new type of finance allows the City of Melbourne, in partnership with Australian financial institutions, to enter into voluntary environmental upgrade agreements with non-residential building owners to finance retrofitting of the buildings.

Environmental Upgrade Finance is available through the 1200 Buildings program, and is administered through the Sustainable Melbourne Fund on behalf of the City of Melbourne.

Goals and missions

As stated on the 1200 Buildings program's website, its aims are to:

 Eliminate 383,000 tonnes of -e per annum – equivalent to 7,660,000,000 “black balloons”
 Drive $2 billion of private sector reinvestment
 Create 8000 ‘green collar’ jobs – engineers, environmental and sustainability consultants, builders, surveyors and many other industry professionals
 Stimulate Melbourne's economy during global recession
 Lead the way and demonstrate to the world that large-scale transformation can be achieved

1200 Buildings aims to retrofit about 70% of the commercial office buildings, which represents 1200 of them, whence the name of the program.

Financial arrangements

Environmental upgrade agreements are the cornerstone of 1200 Building's financial arrangements. An environmental upgrade agreement is a tripartite contract between a building owner, a bank and the City of Melbourne. When the agreement is established, the lending body (bank) forwards the retrofit loan to the owner. The City of Melbourne then collects the loan repayment through a rates charge (the amount funded is declared by the Melbourne City Council as an environmental upgrade charge), and finally passes it back to the bank. Council rates and charges take precedence over mortgages as charges against property. This means any debt owing to Council will take priority, thereby greatly reducing the risk for banks.

Conditions to be met before EUA is applied:

 Notify existing mortgage holder
 Tenants must opt-in
 Only non-residential buildings

According to 1200 Buildings, the benefits of using EUAs include:

 Fixed interest rates
 No re-financing required
 A repayment period of 10 years or more
 The loan stays with the property if the owner decides to sell

Owners have the option of sharing the cost with their tenants because Council rates and charges are generally passed through to tenants by the property owner under the terms of a net lease (the legislation requires that any such arrangement can only be made with the tenants’ consent) → The objective is to overcome the split incentive barrier.

Three environmental upgrade agreements have been signed in Melbourne for projects with a total value of $5.6 million.

The first quarter of 2014 has seen significant changes in EUA legislation. New legislation will allow all councils in South Australia to initiate a Building Upgrade Finance program, similar to the City of Melbourne legislation, whereby the loan is tied to the property.

Intervention methods

The City of Melbourne oversees the projects. It mainly uses its website to promote the program, via examples of existing retrofits, lists of “big company” signatories, and case studies.

While the City accompanies building owners in their journey and can provide help at all steps of the project, owners are left on their own to undertake their energy audit, select and hire consultants and contractors, apply for permits... Therefore, planification, implementation, operations, updates and assessment are left to the charge of contractors, through tenders managed by the building owners themselves. Consultants and contractors can be architects, builders, commissioning agents, electrical engineers, energy auditors, energy performance contractors, environmentally sustainable design consultants, fire engineers, hydraulic engineers, installation contractors, mechanical engineers, and project managers.

The Energy Efficiency Council (EEC) is a body designed to help companies undertake energy efficiency measures, providing a platform for energy efficiency and cogeneration products and services, and is thus used by commercial building owners to find consultants and contractors. The council was formed in 2009, and incorporates the members and activities of the Australasian Energy Performance Contracting Alliance (AEPCA).

Implementation and operations

Once a commercial building owner is convinced to undertake retrofitting, the first step is for him to become a “signatory” of the project, by sending the Lord Mayor a signed copy of the “1200 Buildings Letter of commitment”. The owner then selects a model for implementing its project:

 Energy Performance Contracting (EPC): an energy services company (ESCo) is hired to improve the energy efficiency of the building. A contract is signed between the building owner and the selected company, stating the level of energy savings guaranteed by the ESCo, the fee structure of the project and the duration of the project (a typical energy performance contract is four to ten years). The ESCo is paid from the guaranteed savings for the term of the contract. If the energy savings are not achieved, the ESCo is not paid. Once the work is completed and the contract has ended, the full savings are reverted to the owner. The energy services company acts as a project manager and is responsible for hiring, managing and paying the third parties required to carry out the works, meaning the building owner deals directly with one party rather than several. Once the works are finished, the building is monitored for the remainder of the EPC period and energy savings are verified and reported to all parties. The party that carries out the monitoring and verification should be nominated in the EPC. Monitoring and verification is usually carried out by the ESCo, though an independent third party can be used instead.
 Integrated Design: the building owner appoints a designer, who inspects the building and designs the changes to it, and selects a number of suitably qualified parties (building and installation contractors), who carry out the work under the supervision of a project manager. All parties are involved at the design stage. After a process of exchanging ideas among the different parties,the building owner signs a contract with the design consultant, agreeing to a schedule of works. Once the works are finished, a commissioning agent commissions and “fine tunes” the building systems to ensure they are working correctly. When the project is complete and the building back in use, ongoing maintenance is performed either by the installation contractor, the building's facility manager or a third party to ensure the design intent is realized.
 Design and construct: this model is similar to the integrated design model, except that design, installation and construction are all performed by the same party (installation contractors).

Business plan and results

According to the Melbourne Retrofit Survey 2013, between 2008 and 2013, 25% of Melbourne's commercial buildings had retrofitted or were currently undertaking a retrofit, indicating an acceleration of retrofit activity compared to 21% between 2006 and 2011. In 2013, 16% of the buildings surveyed claimed they were intending to undertake a retrofit within the next five years, a significant increase from the 10% in 2011. Most of the retrofits recently undertaken were self-funded (81%), and only 1% had used Environmental Upgrade Finance. 40% of owners surveyed declared they were “not at all interested” in Environmental Upgrade Finance. These numbers indicate a certain lack of interest in 1200 Buildings’ financing mechanism, possibly caused by a lack of awareness or understanding of its benefits.

Still, the 1200 Buildings program counts 53 signatories to date, including “big name” corporations such as ING, Asia Pacific Group, Hilton, and Stockland. Four buildings have used Environmental Upgrade Agreements to access finance to retrofit, representing $5.6 million of investment and aiming to save 5660 tonnes carbon emissions and $491,000 in energy costs per year.

In March 2014, the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) announced it will provide finance of up to $30 million for EUAs, bringing the total to a joint amount of $80 million allocated for EUAs.

Belgium - Marshall Plan 2. Green

The Marshall Plan 2. Green was first developed and experimented in Wallonia, before being applied to the Brussels region.

Context and Creation

The Marshall Plan 2. Green

In August 2005, the Walloon Government adopted priority actions for the Walloon future: the Marshall Plan, gathering €1.2 billion.

After promising results, the Walloon Government renewed the initiative in 2009 through a “Marshall Plan 2. Green”. The plan organizes around 6 pillars (human capital valorization, company network creation, scientific research support, quality jobs and activities creation, employment-environment alliances, social employment and well-being) and cross-cutting dynamics.

The Marshall Plan 2.Green gathers a total of €1.6 billion of conventional credit, to which €1.15 billion of alternative financing have been added. That is, almost €3 billion for the 2010-2014 time frame.

Employment-Environment Alliances (EEA)

The 5th pillar of the Marshall Plan 2. Green, Employment-Environment Alliances, focuses on the sustainable aspect of the development plan. Its objective, set in 2009, is to "support a new economic development model, sustainable and solidary, via employment-environment alliances constituting an opportunity in terms of employment, economic development, and environmental challenges. Positioning Wallonia as a sustainable development leader at the European and international levels, by developing a regarded expertise, while creating domestic employment."

The EEA is notably the first alliance with a "green construction" aspect. The Walloon housing sector is highly inefficient: nearly 44% of housing is badly isolated, and average energy consumption is 72% above the European average. The first measure aims at developing a multi-year plan for energy savings and sustainable construction, and a multi-sectorial contract. The objective is to “concentrate on the potential of energetic and environmental improvements of buildings to generate employment, create economic opportunities, increase training notably in sustainable construction jobs.”

Legal Status and Partnerships

Various public and private decision makers, as well as concerned social partners and field actors are involved in the EEA. The Ministry of Sustainable Development is entrusted with EEA coordination. In February 2012, 41 multi-sectorial contracts have been signed with partners for the first Employment-Environment Alliance. Federations of construction companies, public interest and services organizations, unions, training operators, as well as groups and associations involved in sustainable development and construction participated in this process.

The 3 commitments of the multi-sectorial contracts signatory:

 The actor is associated as a partner in the implementation of the first EEA
 The actor states its adhesion to the 1st EEA's objectives
 The actor commits to contributing in the implementation of actions defined in the multi-sectorial contract

Goals and Missions

The first EEA's principal objective is to “concentrate on the potential of energetic and environmental improvements of buildings to generate employment, create economic opportunities, increase training notably in sustainable construction jobs.” To do so, four dimensions are considered:

 Launch an energy savings multi-annual plan, setting quantitative objectives and norms in terms of energy conservation (starting with isolation) and environmental improvement, to renovate existing buildings. This plan is put in place through a multi-sectorial contract (through consultation, coordination, control structures and certification organizations, and cross-cutting studies).
 Create optimal conditions for the development of a quality offer, by developing innovation through research and project financing in the green construction sector, and by implementing trainings for the EEA jobs.
 Reinforce the attractiveness of sustainable investments in the housing field, by intervening among both households (energy and housing bonuses, third-party investor system, communication strategy) and the public sector (pursuit of the plan to renovate the housing stock through a cadastre, development of collective heating in public housing, implementation of a global strategy for energy management in regional and local buildings, realization of pilot projects in the public housing sector).
 Reinforce sectorial policies et actions in terms of research, economy, employment and training in other “green jobs”.

The multi-annual plan comprises around 50 measures declined around 3 specific objectives:

 Stimulation of private demand for sustainable renovation or construction
 Stimulation of public demand for sustainable renovation or construction
 Consolidation of the offer and of the construction sector capacities, to allow it to answer in a suitable way to this public and private demand reinforcement

Intervention Methods

In order to reinforce the attractiveness of sustainable investments in the housing sector, the EEA action plan focuses on:

On the demand side:

 Implementation of financial and non financial incentives, with particular attention given to low income people
 Implementation of a public investment policy
 Setting progressive environment performance requirements

 On the offer side:

 Help to companies
 Promotion of Research and Development in companies
 Implementation of financial incentives and tools for companies
 Progressive stages of energy performance requirements

 At the intersection of supply and demand:

 Various audiences targeted by “green trainings” (jobseekers, students/young people, workers, trainers)
 Training devices adapted to these different audiences

Development of a public-household partnership (PHP)

The partnership articulates around the implementation of a “one-stop shop” and of EEA contact points that accompany households all along their renovation project. The PHP aims at stimulating demand for private housing renovation through a reform of the energy and housing bonuses, the availability of attractive financing and of complementary incentives.

Implementation of a "one-stop shop"

This measure aims at correctly informing and accompanying Walloon citizens in the whole of their renovation project. The “one-stop shops” accompany the individuals all along their administrative proceedings, centralizing the information and formalities for greater efficiency and visibility.

Its missions:

 Realizing a succinct diagnostic of the dwelling unit
 Establishing a building “passport”
 Helping with the operation's financial and administrative arrangements
 Accompanying all along the works

Building "Passport"

The building passport includes information relative to the EU Directive on the energy performance of buildings and to the Energy Advice Procedure (EAP), and takes into account other dimensions such as material use, location, and wholesomeness. This building passport aims to become a unique database integrating all dimensions linked to renovation, including EAPs and works recommendations.

Energy Performance Certificates are classified according to the address of the house, instead of the individual's identity. This allows for a house's new owner to know the history of proceedings and diagnostics already performed on his property. The certificate is valid for 10 years, providing that no modifications are made on the energy equipment. Its realization is carried out by an approved certifier who, after examining the building, has to mention various informations:

 Energy consumption
 Ecological impact ( emissions)
 Efficiency of the building envelope, heating systems and other sources of energy (walls, roof, floors...)
 Ventilation
 Renewable energies
 Recommendations for eventual improvements

Establishment of "EEA Advisors"

The one-stop shop system includes a pool of “EEA Advisors” inside the contact points. These advisors work hand in hand with the teams established in the contact points and are in charge of instructing financial arrangement files and of establishing the building “passport”.

In total, around 250 EEA Advisors are scattered over the entire Walloon territory (one advisor for 5 000 houses). The intention is to reach an audience that does not come to the information counter by itself, and so to take them by the hand from the beginning. To do so, the government launches calls for collective projects by neighbourhood, destined to the associative and communal services. In exchange for subventions for operations and after fixing quantitative objectives, these organizations are tasked with the proximity work in a neighbourhood (door to door solicitation, information meetings with an EEA Advisor...).

Provision of attractive financing ("Ecopack")

Before the creation of the EEA, numerous financial incentives for the residential sector existed, but were often dissociated, granted by different administrations and sometimes incoherent (e.g. isolation bonus granted by the Energy Department, and woodwork renovation bonus granted by the Housing Department).

Within the EEA, Walloon households can benefit from an “Ecopack”: a type of financing that covers 100% of the renovation cost, constituted by existing bonuses (energy and housing) put together, and by a 0% loan for the part that is not covered by bonuses. The two bonuses are unified and disbursed at once, with a possibility to pre-finance, based on a thorough quotation (i.e. the financing is disbursed as soon as the works are accepted, rather than at the end of the renovation, allowing the household to avoid financing the payments to the contractor during the works).

Depending on the applicant's income, a rate is applied to the bonuses (from +10% for high incomes to +40% for low incomes). The repayment duration of the 0% loan is lengthened for the lowest income categories: from 5 years for high incomes to 12 years for low incomes. The 10% highest income households cannot benefit from the Ecopack.

This mechanism is operational since March 2012, and is met with great success (especially as the federal tax credit has disappeared).

The 0% loans component is funded by a regional budget system of recoverable advances, made available to households by the structures tasked with implementing and managing the mechanism. The bonuses component of the system is funded by conventional budget allocations dedicated to the “energy” and “housing” bonuses. The system falls within a global budget envelope aimed at maintaining the volume of 0% loans at €150 million.

The Ecopack is granted by the FLW (Walloon Housing Fund) for large families and by the SWCS (Walloon Social Credit Company) for the rest of households. Beneficiary households repay their 0% loan directly to the structures tasked with implementing the mechanism, which then repay the recoverable advances granted by the Walloon Region. The resources from the repayments are distributed by Wallonia to a budgetary fund. The funds can then be reallocated (revolving fund), in the form of new recoverable advances, to the managing structures, so that they can grant new 0% loans to households, while respecting the €150 million limit.

Financed works and conditions

The necessary condition to access financing is to undertake at least two types of different renovation works, for an investment above €2,500, following a “sustainable bunch” logic. The objective of the EEA is to entice households to undertake a more ambitious project instead of settling for punctual renovation, and so provoke a greater marginal effect on the energetic quality of their house.

An eligible “bunch” is composed of at least two types of sustainable renovation works, with at least one of “energetic performance” type.

The “energetic performance” type works are the following:

 Thermic isolation of the roof, walls, and floors
 Replacing the windows or window frames
 Installation of a ventilation system
 Installation of a condensing boiler with natural gas or oil
 Installation of a heat pump
 Installation of a biomass boiler
 Connection to a heat network

Other accepted works in the “bunch” are:

 Induced works: replacement, refection, stabilization or treatment of the roof, placing an exterior facing, inner lining of a wall, replacing the floors, wall drying, casing a fireplace.
 Small energy saving works: thermostat or thermostatic valve, closing the protected volume, isolating the heating pipes, energy audit.
 Works for the production of renewable energy: photovoltaic panels, installation of solar collectors for domestic hot water and/or heating, micro-generation.

The priority ranking of the works is established with the household, on an ad hoc basis, by the EEA advisor on the basis of elements provided by the applicant, and if the household desires, on the basis of a site visit or of an eventual EAP audit. The EEA advisor makes an analysis note of the bunch request and gives an opinion, which will be used by the Back Office in its financing request study.

In the “energetic performance” type works, the roof thermic isolation has priority. If, in his analysis, the EEA advisor estimates that this work is necessary, this priority shall be considered for certain low-income categories as an entire bunch.

EEA financing is capped at a maximum of €30,000 per works bunch. A maximum of two bunches per house on a 3 years period is eligible for EEA financing, i.e. a maximum cap of €60,000/house/3 years period.

Reinforce the construction sector capacities for buildings renovation

Implementation of a "green training" integrated plan

Within the development of a quality offer, training for EEA jobs, in particular for the first Alliance, is a particularly important issue, because it determines the firms’ capacity to employ adequate personnel, and opens insertion opportunities to job seekers and professional progression opportunities to workers. The two privileged formation axes are continuous training, and on the middle term, initial training.

Elaboration and implementation of a quality label for firms: NRQual

The objective is for Wallonia to have a label that allows to guarantee the quality of the works to clients, and to identify professionals from a qualitative point of view.

The label is used as a quality reference for the public, and, at some point, as a reference for financial incentives.

Training in the green construction industry

In order to reinforce and improve the offer, 80 accompanying jobs have been created in 2012 to help companies formulate their transition strategies towards green construction and allow for time to implement them. Specific help for firms has been put in place via roundtables on EEA jobs, contractor clubs and awareness and vulgarization campaigns.

Trainings are organized for various audiences. The objective is to integrate new competences linked to green jobs in training repositories, teaching programs, and trainers' training.

Stimulate renovation demand/public buildings construction

Beyond renovation of the private housing stock, a number of measures in the EEA target public buildings:

 Support public markets:
 Pursue the integration of social and environmental clauses in public organizations’ specifications for construction and renovation;
 Define help tools for public actors.
 Implement a large plan for renovation of the public housing stock;
 Realize pilot projects in public housing;
 Accelerate creation and renovation procedures for public housing;
 Develop collective heating in the public housing sector;
 Implement a subventions device aimed at supporting public law persons and non-commercial organisms that want to reduce their building's energy consumption.

Implementation/Operations

Management

EEA coordination is managed by the Ministry of Sustainable Development, Public Service, Energy, Housing and Research. A coordination cell mandated with the implementation of the multi-annual plan and multi-sectorial contracts is part of the administration services. Its mission is to elaborate evaluation and impact indicators of the EEA. The cell is under direct authority of the Minister mandated with EEA coordination, who organizes implementation and works.

The ministers have a decisional power on all measures of the multi-annual plan. The majority of the executive power (27 measures) is delegated to Walloon public actors, and the rest is scattered between extra-regional public actors, private sector companies federations, other private sector actors, associative sector actors, clusters, and training centres. Administrative or budgetary management is entirely in the hands of Walloon public actors.

Follow-up and evaluation

In the framework of the Marshall Plan 2.Green evaluation, thematic evaluations have been carried out during realization of the Plan, and a global evaluation at the end of programming, by the IWEPS (Walloon Institute for Evaluation, Prospective and Statistics).

Steering for the implementation of the “Green construction” axis of the Alliance is carried out by a mixed follow-up committee, presided by a representative of the minister mandated with EEA coordination and composed of representatives of ministers of the Kern (i.e. restricted Council of Ministers), of the administration, unions, and construction sectors.

EEA Financing

Each axis of the Marshall Plan 2.Green has a specific budget. The budgetary envelope is closed and the budgetary means shall be allocated exclusively to public policies part of the plan, except in case of a decision made by the Walloon executive.

A budget made of €1.6 billion of ordinary credits and €1.15 billion of alternative financing is devoted to the implementation of the measures, for the whole 2010-2014 period. The annual MP2.Green financing represents 4.2% of the Walloon region budget.

The financing source of the different measures depends on their nature:

 Ordinary financing allows the Walloon region to manage its current expenditures
 The alternative financing mechanism is activated to finance investments (real estate, public equipment, sanitation, or rehabilitation of disused sites of economic activity) amortized on a minimum of 20 years. Alternative financing is refinanced by loans contracted by third party institutions whose interest charges and investment amortization appear each year. The use of alternative financing is a classical debudgetisation process allowing the executive power to undertake public investments (infrastructure, housing, economic activity zones arrangement, sanitation of polluted sites...) whose charge is spread over a minimum of 20 years. Alternative financing is mobilized through Walloon financial instruments (SOWAFINAL, CRAC and SWL).

The new policies of the Plan that target the development of sustainable investments in the housing sector and the increase in welcoming structures are largely financed by alternative credit (70%).

In 2009, the total EEA budget was of €279,6 million of ordinary financing and €600 million of alternative financing, i.e. a planned total of €880 million over the Plan's duration.

Results and Evolutions

1st EEA results

The details of the budgets engaged in the EEA are as follows:

Affected public

Various awareness actions, other than direct help, have occurred towards owners, tenants, companies and merchants, with a total of 870,000 persons sensitized in one way or another over the legislation duration.

Jobs

Through jobs creation, EEA measures benefited 420,000 employees and 15,600 employers over the legislation. €1 million invested in the sector allows to create or maintain 10 jobs for 1 year. On average in a year, 4,700 jobs are linked to the EEA over the 2010-2014 period.

This kind of policy brings about an important return effect (on the middle and long term) that benefits federal, regional and local public finances: value added tax revenues, corporation tax, tax on individuals, communal additions to the tax on individuals, Social Security National Office contributions, reduction of unemployment benefits, etc. This return effect is estimated at 40% of the direct public investment.

Environment

The energy administration detains estimations concerning the avoided CO2 emissions. They are based on the savings in terms of MWh.

The EEA measures put in place during the legislature allowed to save 590,000 tons of CO2 in 2014. This corresponds to an annual consumption of 50,000 households.

Adding the tons of CO2 saved during the legislature, we get to a cumulative total of over 1.5 million tons of CO2.

Purchasing power

From the calculation of saved MWh, the realized financial savings have been estimated at €215 million in 2014, and €556 million over the duration of the legislature.

A study taking into account the amount of financed works, the impact on energy saving, and the lifetime of installations, estimated that in terms of purchasing power, the investment in housing isolation and performance allows households to realize economy savings of €2.5 billion over the lifetime of the equipment.

EEA adoption by the Brussels region

In 2010, the Brussels government decided to adopt a strategy similar to that of Wallonia, by setting up an Employment-Environment Alliance.

The first employment-environment alliance was defined around 4 axis:

 Axis 1: Green construction
 Axis 2: Water
 Axis 3: Resources and waste
 Axis 4: Sustainable supply of food

The objective of the “Green construction” axis is to “stimulate and accompany the Brussels actors in the construction sector so that they develop a competitive offer in terms of green construction and renovation.”

Partnerships

The Agreement on the Sustainable Construction Axis gathered 50 private and public signatories. The process involves 130 organizations (52% public and 48% private). The actors in question elaborated 44 concrete actions aimed at answering challenges of teaching, training, insertion, technical references, research, support to companies, financing, labels... After the elaboration phase, the concrete engagements have been approved by the government, and the actors signed the Agreement text on February 25, 2011.

The EEA multiannual plan engages 44 partners who signed the multi-sectorial contracts.

Objectives

The current actions and policies of the EEA provide for the creation of 10,100 jobs until 2020, with in particular 4,300 jobs in sustainable construction.

Results

 12,200 sq m of sustainable construction training centers have been established
 184,000 hours of training between 2011 and 2013
 1,800 companies (among which some in social economy) or independents sensitized, accompanied, supported or involved in the transition towards sustainable construction
 15 training operators committed
 26 schools part of at least one EEA action, i.e. almost the whole of Brussels schools concerned
 155 teaching professors and trainers trained or involved in actions, i.e. more than half of teachers and workshop leaders from “construction” teaching sections
 1,915 young people involved in the Alliance, including indirectly 1,600 young people at the stage of initial sustainable construction training, i.e. half of student promotions of 2012-2012 and 2013-2014
 800 job seekers trained
 100 public executives informed about new social and environmental clauses to be introduced in specifications
 59 research laboratories and 92 research projects recorded in the sustainable construction field

Within a follow-up committee, social partners involved in steering the sustainable construction axis identified three major contributions from the project:

 The process allowed for the encounter of various actors and ended up in a real collective dynamic that concretized in the development and reinforcement of collaborations and partnerships between the different types of actors.
 The “bottom-up” approach allowed to direct public means towards the answers to the needs of companies and of the sector's workers.
 The animation method allowed to increase the responsibility of involved actors on the implementation of the actions: regular organization of follow-up workshops and of meetings between actors fosters efficiency and relevance of actions, as well as the actors being well informed about the evolution of actions.

United Kingdom - The Green Deal

Context and Creation

The major idea underlying the Green Deal is the “pay as you save” principle, whereby a homeowner gets renovation works performed by a contractor, and then pays the costs according to the amount saved on its energy bill. Pilot programs took place from the 2008 up until mid-2011. When the Pay As You Save (PAYS) pilot ended, the government implemented the “Green Deal”, introducing various new measures: the “Golden Rule” (whereby repayments must not exceed energy savings), financing linked to the energy bill, obligation for the energy suppliers to adapt their billing system to collect repayments, and introduction of the “Energy Company Obligation” (ECO).

The first Green Deal policy was outlined in 2010 by the Conservative Party. The amount of the loans would be of up to £6,500. After a series of setbacks, a renewed Green Deal was launched on 28 January 2013, with mixed results.

At the time of creation, the Green Deal was praised as “revolutionary,” its initiators setting very high targets. The government expected that 14 million homes could benefit from it until 2020, that investments could reach £10 billion, and that 65,000 jobs could be created. However, in 2012, numbers in take-up rates were greatly disappointing, making the Green Deal look like it was “doomed to fail.” The Green Deal principle relied on take-up by the market, which was greatly criticized for having “never worked anywhere in the world […] and unlikely to happen in the UK."

In April 2012, the Government considered obliging householders who are undertaking home improvements to spend an extra 10% of the cost on energy efficiency measures. The media portrayed it as a “conservatory tax” robbing householders and making any building project overly expensive. Ministers thus decided to abandon the idea.

A new impetus given at the beginning of 2013 allowed the government to rescue the project. In July 2014, the DECC closed applications for the Green Deal Home Improvement Fund. The £120 million fund has been depleted by “overwhelming public demand”, triggering furious reactions by the sector, and displaying another setback for the Green Deal (but also promising take-up results).

Results

The latest results published by the Government in July 2014 are as follows:

 875,000 measures were installed in around 726,000 properties to the end of May 2014, an increase from 836,000 measures in April, and from 311,250 in September 2013.
 3,234 households had Green Deal plans in progress at the end of June 2014, 15% more than the 2,828 at the end of May, and more than double the 1,500 at the end of November 2013. Nearly half of all plans were completed (all measures installed).

Norway - Enova SF

Context and policies.
The Norwegian system is managed by the national energy efficiency agency Enova SF, which the Ministry of Climate and Environment owns. All subsidies are funded by a tax on Norwegian electricity bills, known as the “Enova-fee”. The subsidy systems stated goal is to reduce the cost of high-end technologies until they become established players in the market. The system consists of four main parts. Firstly, financial subsidies are offered for “holistic building energy upgrade”, where 25% of the costs, up to NOK 100,000 - 150,000, are reimbursed for highly ambitious refurbishments. Secondly, a free advisory service, ‘Enova answers’, where households can ask questions about energy retrofitting and subsidies. Thirdly, a loaning scheme through “Husbanken”. Finally, several smaller subsidies in the NOK 10,000 range are offered for smaller changes such as hydronic heating and more.

Results and critique.
Norway has one of the highest annual energy refurbishment rates in Europe, 3.4%. However, some research argues a small number of continuous retrofitters inflates this number. Similarly, studies have shown that most of the subsidies distributed end up in high-income households.

References

Renewable energy policy
Sustainable energy


title: Child abuse inquiry

text:
Child abuse inquiry may refer to:

 Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation - Irish inquiry, which reported in 2021
 Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse - Irish inquiry, which published the Ryan Report in 2009
 Ferns Report - 2005 report into child abuse in the Diocese of Ferns, in Ireland
 Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse - 2014 English & Welsh inquiry
 Murphy Report - Irish report, published in 2009, on the Sexual abuse cases in the Catholic archdiocese of Dublin


title: Federal Register Modernization Act

text:
The Federal Register Modernization Act () was a bill that would require the Federal Register to be published (e.g., by electronic means), rather than printed, and that documents in the Federal Register be made available for sale or distribution to the public in published form.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. It passed the House on July 14, 2014.

Background

The Federal Register is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. It is published daily, except on federal holidays. The final rules promulgated by a federal agency and published in the Federal Register are ultimately reorganized by topic or subject matter and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which is updated annually. In essence, the Federal Register is a way for the government to announce changes to government requirements, policies and guidance to the public.  The notice and comment process, as outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act, gives the people a chance to participate in agency rulemaking. Publication of documents in the Federal Register also constitutes constructive notice, and its contents are judicially noticed.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Federal Register Modernization Act would require the Federal Register to be published (e.g., by electronic means), rather than printed, and that documents in the Federal Register be made available for sale or distribution to the public in published form. The bill would revise requirements for the filing of documents with the Office of the Federal Register for inclusion in the Federal Register and for the publication of the Code of Federal Regulations to reflect the publication requirement.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on March 12, 2014. This is a public domain source.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that enacting H.R. 4195 would have no significant effect on the federal budget. The legislation would amend federal laws regarding the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which provide comprehensive information about actions of the United States Government. The legislation would end requirements to print the Federal Register or the CFR and for agencies to provide multiple copies of their submissions to the Federal Register. The bill would change references from printing those publications to publishing them, and publishing could include making those publications available online.

Under the Federal Register Act, the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) within the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) produces the Federal Register. That publication compiles and organizes thousands of rules, regulations, executive orders, presidential documents, and notices generated by federal departments and agencies. Currently, the Federal Register is updated daily and is printed and published Monday through Friday, except federal holidays. The OFR, working with the Government Printing Office (GPO), has made the Federal Register available online since 1994. In addition, the OFR produces the CFR, which contains all agency rules that first appeared in the Federal Register.

Under the legislation, OFR would no longer be required to print the Federal Register or CFR, but would still have to make it available online. Based on information from NARA and GPO, CBO expects that copies of the Federal Register and CFR would continue to be produced following enactment of H.R. 4195 to meet the demand for printed documents. We expect agencies’ administrative costs would be reduced because fewer copies of printed material would be submitted to the Federal Register, but we estimate that any such savings over the next five years would be small because most of the costs associated with the submission of those documents involves their preparation, not their duplication.

H.R. 4195 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments.

Procedural history
The Federal Register Modernization Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on March 11, 2013, by Rep. Darrell E. Issa (R, CA-49). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. On March 12, 2014, the Committee order the bill to be reported in a voice vote. On July 3, 2014, it was reported alongside House Report 113-515. On July 14, 2014, the House voted in Roll Call Vote 405 to pass the bill 386–0.

Debate and discussion
The American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) strongly opposed the bill, arguing that the bill "undermines" citizens' "right to be informed" by making it more difficult for "citizens to find their government's regulations." According to AALL, a survey they conducted "revealed that members of the public, librarians, researchers, students, attorneys, and small business owners continue to rely on the print" version of the Federal Register. AALL also argued that the lack of print versions of the Federal Register and CFR would mean the 15 percent of Americans who don't use the internet would lose their access to that material.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress

References

External links

 GovTrack.us H.R. 4195
 OpenCongress.org H.R. 4195
 WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4195
 Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 4195
 House Report 113-515 on H.R. 4195

United States proposed federal government administration legislation
Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
Proposed legislation of the 116th United States Congress


title: Ilirjan File

text:
File, Ilirjan (born 31 October 1969 in Elbasan) is an Albanian football coach who has been the manager of KF Elbasani twice in the Albanian Superliga.

References

1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Elbasan
Albanian men's footballers
Albanian football managers
KF Elbasani managers
Shkumbini Peqin managers
Kategoria Superiore managers
Men's association football players not categorized by position


title: Sekanjabin

text:
Sekanjabin (), one of the oldest Iranian drinks, is made of honey and vinegar. Sekanjabin is usually served in summer.  It is sometimes seasoned with mint.

Name
Sekanjabin is a compound of   "vinegar" and   "honey", transmitted through Arabic  (which explains the change of  to ).

See also

 Oxymel
 Shrub (drink)
 Switchel

References

Iranian drinks
Vinegar
Honey-based beverages


title: The Lutheran Church of Senegal

text:
The Lutheran Church of Senegal (LCS) is a Lutheran church. It joined to Lutheran World Federation in 1992. It is also member in Lutheran Communion in Central & Western Africa. Church has 4,053 members and its president is Rev. Mamadou T. Diouf LCS has 13 congregations and it carries out proclamation work in two districts.

References

External links
Lutheran World Federation on LCS

Lutheranism in Africa


title: Clarita Formation

text:
The Clarita Formation is a geologic formation in Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Oklahoma
 Paleontology in Oklahoma

References

Silurian geology of Oklahoma
Silurian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Henryhouse Formation

text:
The Henryhouse Formation is a geologic formation in Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Oklahoma
 Paleontology in Oklahoma

References

Silurian geology of Oklahoma
Silurian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Paul Nixon (cyclist)

text:
Paul Nixon (April 23, 1914 – January 18, 2008) was an American cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1914 births
2008 deaths
American male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the United States
Cyclists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from New York City


title: Baldy Hill Formation

text:
The Baldy Hill Formation is a geologic formation in northeastern New Mexico and western Oklahoma. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Triassic period.

Description
The Baldy Hill Formation is a dark purple, reddish brown, or greenish gray silty to sandy mudstone with some fine-grained sandstone.  Its base is not exposed at the type section, but it is at least . It is overlain by the Travesser Formation, with the contact marked by the Cobert Canyon Sandstone Bed, a persistent layer of conglomerate beds now assigned to the Baldy Hill Formation or possibly the overlying Travesser Formation (which in turn is sometimes regarded as equivalent to the Chinle Formation.)

The formation may correlate with either the Garita Creek Formation or the Los Esteros Member of the Santa Rosa Formation.

Fossils
Fossils of amphibians and phytosaurs of Carnian to Norian age have been found in the Cobert Canyon Sandstone.

History of investigation
The formation was first named by Baldwin and Muehlberger in 1959, for exposures around Baldy Hill in the valley of the Dry Cimarron.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Oklahoma
 Paleontology in Oklahoma

References

Triassic formations of New Mexico
Triassic geology of Oklahoma


title: Human Trafficking Prevention Act

text:
The Human Trafficking Prevention Act () is a bill that would require regular training and briefings for some federal government personnel to raise awareness of human trafficking and help employees spot cases of it.

The bill was introduced in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Background

Human trafficking is the modern form of slavery, with illegal smuggling and trading of people, for forced labour or sexual exploitation. Trafficking is officially defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power of a position of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking is not synonymous with forced migration or smuggling. In the U.S., human trafficking tends to occur around international travel-hubs with large immigrant populations, notably California and Texas. The U.S. Justice Department estimates that 17,500 people are trafficked into the country every year, but the true figure could be higher, because of the large numbers of undocumented immigrants. The United States Department of State has also estimated that between 14,000-17,500 people annually are trafficked for sex, labor, or other types of exploitation into the United States. Those being trafficked include young children, teenagers, men and women and can be domestic citizens or foreign nationals.

Other experts say that there are as many as 300,000 cases of sex trafficking in the United States a year, with potentially 25 percent of them having a connection to Texas in some manner.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Human Trafficking Prevention Act would amend the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 to require training for federal government personnel related to trafficking in persons to include at a minimum: (1) a distance learning course on trafficking-in-persons issues and the Department of State's obligations under the Act, targeted for embassy reporting officers, regional bureaus' trafficking-in-persons coordinators, and their superiors; (2) specific trafficking-in-persons briefings for all ambassadors and deputy chiefs of mission before they depart for their posts; and (3) at least annual reminders to all such personnel and other federal personnel at each diplomatic or consular post of the Department of State located outside the United States of key problems, threats, methods, and warning signs of trafficking in persons specific to the country or jurisdiction in which each such post is located, and appropriate procedures to report information acquired about possible trafficking cases.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on May 29, 2014. This is a public domain source.

H.R. 4449 would expand training for federal employees on methods of identifying and protecting victims of human trafficking. The primary federal agencies affected—the Departments of State, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Labor, and Justice, as well as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission—have existing programs to train employees. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the additional personnel who might require training and the new training required under the bill would not impose significant costs on those agencies. CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2015-2019 period; those costs would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.

Procedural history
The Human Trafficking Prevention Act was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on April 10, 2014 by Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney (D, NY-18). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs. On July 23, 2014 the House voted to pass the bill with a voice vote.

Debate and discussion
Rep. Eliot Engel (D-NY) supported the bill, saying that "One of the best ways to stop this crime is to ensure that people know if when they see it." This is because "people, not policies, are often the first line of defense against modern slavery."

Rep. Ed Royce (R-CA) said that "this bill ensures that US personnel overseas are properly equipped to perceive and combat the scourge of human trafficking. Though current law requires State Department personnel be trained to identify trafficking victims, it does not define minimum training requirements. This bill does that."

State legislation with the same name
Legislation with the same name aimed at blocking internet pornography has been introduced in South Carolina and has received critical reviews.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
Human trafficking in the United States

References

External links

 Human Trafficking Prevention Act of 2022 as enacted (PDF/details) in the US Statutes at Large
Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 4449
beta.congress.gov H.R. 4449
GovTrack.us H.R. 4449
OpenCongress.org H.R. 4449
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4449
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 4449

Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress
Human trafficking in the United States


title: Derek Jones (civil servant)

text:
Sir Derek William Jones, KCB is Chair of the Prince's Trust in Wales, Board Director (non-executive) of IQE, Chair of Keolis UK and served as permanent secretary to the Welsh Government between 2013 and 2017.

Jones was born in Rumney, Cardiff and studied philosophy at Cardiff University. He started his civil service career at Whitehall, London after graduation.

After undertaking the post-graduate training scheme he joined HM Treasury, and then held positions in the Department of Trade and Industry. Jones then joined the Welsh Office in Cardiff in 1989, as Head of Industrial Policy. Holding a series of finance, investment and training positions over the following decade, as Senior Director in 1999 he became a key in the setting-up and early operations of the Welsh Assembly Government.

After failing to replace Sir Jon Shortridge as permanent secretary, in 2008 Jones left the civil service to join the governing board of Cardiff University as Director of Business and Strategic Partnerships with an honorary Professorship, tasked to commercialise the college's research and engage with business.

In September 2012, Jones was announced as the new Permanent Secretary to the Welsh Assembly Government, replacing the retiring Dame Gillian Morgan. In June 2014, Jones was commissioned by First Minister Carwyn Jones to head the investigation into whether Environment Minister Alun Davies had breached the ministerial code when lobbying re the Circuit of Wales, which Jones in his report published on 1 July 2014 confirmed.

After leaving the civil service in 2017 Jones become an Independent Adviser and Honorary Fellow at Cardiff University, Vice-President of Cardiff Business Club and has taken board positions at the Prince's Trust in Wales, Keolis UK and IQE.

Married with two sons, his hobbies include surfing, keep fit and blues guitar. Appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2009 New Year Honours, Jones was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2014 New Year Honours list.

References

External links
Bio at Welsh Government
Bio at Debretts
Bio at Cardiff University

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Rumney, Cardiff
Alumni of Cardiff University
Welsh civil servants
People associated with Cardiff University
Permanent Secretaries of the Welsh Government
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath