title: Turia Pitt

text:
Turia Pitt (born 24 July 1987) is a French Polynesian born athlete, motivational speaker, author and mining engineer.

Accident and later life
On 2 September 2011, Pitt was competing in a 100 km ultramarathon through Western Australia's Kimberley region, when she was caught in a large bush fire. During a subsequent inquiry, she stated there was "nowhere else to go" when the competitors tried to outrun an out-of-control blaze that swept up Selena Gorge, just outside Kununurra. Pitt sustained burns to 65 percent of her body. It was several hours before medical help arrived and she was air-lifted out. Doctors did not expect her to survive her injuries.

The parliamentary inquiry into the Kimberley Ultramarathon was damning of the race organisers, RacingThePlanet. Among other things, it was revealed that the organisers were unable to communicate properly between checkpoints.

Pitt launched Supreme Court action against RacingThePlanet, and in May 2014, it was reported that an out-of-court settlement had been reached.

Pitt has been profiled by the Australian television program 60 Minutes, Women's Weekly and One Plus One. She has become a sought-after public speaker, appearing at such events as the TEDx Macquarie University conference in September 2014, giving an inspirational talk titled Unmask your Potential.

Pitt has mentored thousands through her online programs, raised funds and awareness for a variety of philanthropic concerns, and authored three books: Everything To Live For, Unmasked (also available as Young Adult edition) and Happy (and Other Ridiculous Aspirations).  In 2018, she joined Anthony Robins as a headliner at the 2018 National Achievers Congress in Brisbane.

In 2014, Pitt was named the New South Wales Premier's Award for Woman of the Year and was a finalist for Young Australian of the Year.  In 2016, she was a finalist in the Australian of the Year award, and the New South Wales finalist for Telstra Business Woman of the Year award. A cover story about her in The Australian Women's Weekly attracted worldwide media attention.

She is an Ambassador for Interplast Australia & New Zealand (now called ReSurge International), and has raised money for the organisation by leading trekking adventures. In that capacity, she walked the Great Wall of China in 2014, the Inca Trail in 2015, and the Kokoda Track in 2016. Through this work, along with her support for other ReSurge International fundraising initiatives, she has directly and indirectly contributed to more than $1 million being raised to support the organisation's work.

Turia Pitt is also a motivational speaker and regularly appears at conferences and events.

In 2022, Pitt appeared as  a contestant on the sixth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. She also launched her podcast, "Hard Work".

Medical problems
Before the ultramarathon incident, Pitt was a healthy, fit athlete. As a result of her injuries in the fire, she was placed in a medically-induced coma for a month. All the fingers of her right hand and two fingers on her left had to be amputated. She endured six months in the hospital, underwent over 200 operations and spent two years in recovery. During that time, she was required to wear a full-body compression suit and mask and only remove it for an hour daily. The mask was needed to help smooth out the scars on her face and body. She removed it for the first time on the 60 Minutes program revealing her face to the world on TV.

Personal life
Pitt spent her childhood in Ulladulla, a small town in New South Wales. She attended Ulladulla Public School and Ulladulla High School. During her youth, she was well known for her athletic abilities and also performed well academically. She went on to the University of New South Wales (UNSW), where she completed a Bachelor of Engineering (Mining) / Bachelor of Science in 2010.

On 8 May 2016, Pitt competed in her first Ironman Australia competition, finishing in a time of 13:24:42. On 8 October 2016, she completed the Ironman World Championship at Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, with a time of 14:37:30.

Pitt and her fiancé announced on 21 July 2017 that they were expecting a boy. On 7 December 2017, she gave birth to their son, Hakavai Hoskin.

On 9 February 2020, Turia announced on her Instagram page that she and fiancé Michael Hoskin welcomed their second child, another son, named Rahiti Hoskin.

Books
To date, Pitt has authored three books

 Everything To Live For (2013)
 Unmasked (2017)
 Happy (and Other Ridiculous Aspirations) (2022)

References

External links

Turia Pitt's Instagram
Turia Pitt's podcast

1987 births
Living people
21st-century Australian writers
Australian amputees
Australian autobiographers
Australian female long-distance runners
Australian humanitarians
Australian mining engineers
Australian people of French Polynesian descent
Australian ultramarathon runners
Australian women engineers
Burn survivors
Female ultramarathon runners
People from Tahiti
University of New South Wales alumni
Women autobiographers
21st-century women engineers
French scientists with disabilities
French Polynesian people with disabilities


title: 2014 Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships

text:
The 13th Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Cancun, Mexico from 27 to 29 June 2014.

Medal summary

Results

Women's Individual

Men's Individual

Mixed Pairs

Trios

Groups

Dance

Step

Team

Medal table

References

 FIG official site
 Official results

World Aerobic Gymnastics Championships
World Aerobic Gymnastics Championships
World Aerobic Gymnastics Championships
Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships
Sport in Cancún
International gymnastics competitions hosted by Mexico


title: 2014 South African platinum strike

text:
On 15 November 2014 workers at South Africa's major platinum producers – Anglo American Platinum, Impala Platinum, and Lonmin – went on strike demanding that wages be immediately doubled. However, after five months of striking they settled for a more modest pay increase spread over three years.  It was the longest and most expensive strike in South African history.

Background

South Africa is home to 80% of the world's known platinum reserves, and produces about 70% of the world's supply.  Platinum prices have been flat since 2009 or so, due to weak demand for catalytic converters, the primary use of platinum in industry.  Meanwhile, other costs have risen, putting pressure on the mining industry.  In 2013, roughly half of South Africa mining shafts operated at a net loss.

The market is controlled primarily by three companies - Anglo American Platinum (Amplats), Impala Platinum (Implats), and Lonmin.  Amplats is the world's largest producer of platinum.  Workers are mostly represented by either the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) or the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM).  Potential layoffs are a particularly sensitive issue in South Africa, as 25% of the country is unemployed.

Strike
On January 23, 2014, nearly 70,000 AMCU platinum workers in the Rustenburg area went on strike.  The strike affected all three of South Africa's major platinum producers, with Lonmin hardest hit. Mines which would otherwise produce around 40% of the world's platinum had seized operating.

AMCU demanded that minimum wage be increased from 5,000 rand ($US480) to 12,500 rand ($1,200) a month.  The platinum companies called the demand unrealistic and for most of the strike refused to go beyond a 10% wage increase.  One estimate suggested platinum would have to hit $2,405 an ounce for the industry to break even if the workers demands were met; platinum sold for roughly $1,430 an ounce when the strike started.  By June, AMCU was arguing for steady wage increases over 4 years to meet the 12,500 rand goal by 2017 instead of immediately.

In May, Ngoako Ramatlhodi was appointed as the new Minister of Mineral Resources.  He immediately appointed a task force to try to restart stalled negotiations.  On June 7, Ramatlhodi said he would pull out of negotiations if a deal was not reached by the 9th.  However, he denied he was "abandoning" negotiations.  I strongly believe we've done enough work ... for the parties to be able to move forward [independently]," he said.

On June 12, a preliminary agreement was reached when the mining companies offered a 1,000 rand per month pay increase.  The offer was quickly endorsed by some workers and AMCU leader Joseph Mathunjwa publicly stated a deal was imminent the following day.  However, other workers raised concerns about the length of the agreement, back pay, and living allowances.  The union then made additional demands, stalling talks.

On June 18, it was revealed that AMCU was demanding a one-time 3,000 rand payment for every worker to compensate for the strike and that workers fired during the strike be rehired.  The union also requested the platinum companies not pursue criminal charges against workers suspected of violence during the strike. In exchange, they promised to avoid future strikes.  In a joint statement, the platinum companies said the new demands would cost an additional 1 billion rand and were impossible to meet.

Deal
On June 23, a deal was reached between AMCU and the platinum companies.  Under the three-year agreement, workers who currently make less than 12,500 rand will receive a 1,000-rand raise this year and in 2015.  In 2016, they will receive a 950-rand raise.  After the wage increases, the minimum salary will be 8,000 rand ($750) a month. The mining companies did not agree to avoid future job cuts as they sought to operate more efficiently.

After the deal was announced, there were large celebrations throughout Rustenburg.  In the mining town of Marikana, people wearing AMCU T-shirts flooded the streets.  Mathunjwa called the deal "a breakthrough [where] we have managed to unshackle ourselves from this structure that came long from colonization to the national party".

The deal was signed on June 24, and workers began to return to work on June 25.  It was expected that a return to full production would take three months.  AMCU said it would continue to work to increase the minimum wage to 12,500 rand by 2017.  By the time a deal was reached, the strike had become the longest and most expensive in South Africa history.

Impact
The strike cost the platinum industry around 1.2 million ounces of production, worth about 24 billion rand ($2.25 billion).  Amplats estimated it had lost 11 billion rand ($1.04 billion) in revenue.  The company spent about 2.4 billion rand on overhead on mines closed during the strike.  Additional losses were expected while the companies paid full wages, but experienced less than full production while production ramped back up.  Impant executive commented "This strike has been enormously damaging. It has destroyed the relationships we have with employees, communities, the union and government ... It has resulted in us taking an untold financial impact. ... it could substantially influence the shape of the future business."  Amplats said it would consider selling its AMCU mines as it moved its core business to mechanized production, such as the Mogalakwena mine.

As a result of the strike, Lonmin stock fell 21% and Implats stock fell 11%. However, Amplats stock rose 9% during the strike. Stock analyst Edward Sterck of BMO Capital Markets said the market had likely underestimated the damage done to the industry by the strike. Global platinum prices rose 6% during the strike, but prices retreated in early-June when a deal looked imminent. The price of palladium, which is closely tied to that of platinum, rose 15%. The modest increase in the price of platinum was due to a large stockpile of global platinum reserves built up over several years of weak demand. When talks stalled in mid-June, the price of the precious metals again rose.

A number of companies not directly affected by the strike were also hard hit. Mining supply companies lost money and in some cases laid off workers or went bankrupt as a result. Rustenburg shop owners saw revenue drop, leading to some closures and many missed rent payments. The GDP of South Africa contracted in the first quarter of 2014, pulled down by the steepest drop in mining production (25% of which 19% was directly attributable to the strike) in 50 years. It was the first contraction since 2009. Fitch Ratings downgraded its outlook on South Africa to "negative" from "stable". Standard & Poor's also downgraded its outlook, specifically citing the strike as the main reason for the downgrade. The nationwide impact of the strike led to calls for laws to give the government or court system "strike-breaking" powers.

The human toll of the strike was also substantial. Three workers and a spouse were killed. Six were stabbed on their way back to work. The workers, most of whom already lived in poverty, lost around 11 billion rand ($1 billion) in wages. One worker described the strike: "that five months was tough, tough, tough, tough" saying he depended on family and charity for food. The disaster relief charity Gift of the Givers had spent 3.4 million rand on food parcels and medical care for the strikers by early June. The strike also caused a substantial increase in the number of stray animals in Rustenburg as people abandoned pets they could no longer afford to feed.

Analysis
Commentary published in The Guardian called the strike "the political story of the last year or so" and suggested it would be considered a moment "that really brought long-term change to the South African political system" twenty years from now.  It called the strike the most significant non-African National Congress action to help black people since the fall of apartheid.  "This is a very real demonstration of political power by an organization that is black, and not a part of the ANC," the commentary continued. "In fact it is opposed to the ANC and its allies".

Industry analysts cautioned that further difficulty was likely as the platinum companies would need to cut the work force to regain profitability.  Commentary published in Business Day said further conflict was likely and said "It is difficult to find a silver lining".  To avoid serious problems, the paper argued, efforts were needed from both the mining industry and the government.  It argued that the industry should take a more active role in managing the socio-economic issues affecting its workforces, but said the government needed to use tax money to help as well.  Furthermore, it argued that laws regarding government intervention powers, migrant workers, and union rules needed to be revised.

During the AMCU strike, rival union NUM representatives sharpened their rhetoric, suggesting the possibility of another costly strike in the near future.  On July 1, the about two-thirds of the 340,000 member union went on strike, seeking a 12% pay raise.

References

External links
Industry website estimating the financial impact of the strike

South African platinum strike, 2014
platinum strike
Labour disputes in South Africa
Miners' labor disputes in Africa
History of mining in South Africa


title: Azerbaijani folk music

text:
Azerbaijani folk music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Xalq Musiqisi) combines the distinct cultural values of all civilisations that have lived in Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan region.

Apart from the common music found all-around Azerbaijan, there are distinct types of folk music, sometimes related to the history or simply the taste of the specific places.

History
Most songs recount stories of real-life events and Azerbaijani folklore, or have developed through song contests between troubadour poets. Corresponding to their origins, folk songs are usually played at weddings, funerals, and special festivals.

Regional folk music generally accompanies folk dances, which vary significantly across regions. The regional mood also affects the subject of the folk songs, e.g. folk songs from the Caspian Sea are lively in general and express the customs of the region. Songs about betrayal have an air of defiance about them instead of sadness, whereas the further south traveled in Azerbaijan the more the melodies resemble a lament.

As this genre is viewed as the music of the people, musicians in socialist movements began to adapt folk music with contemporary sounds and arrangements in the form of protest music.

The process of fusion among American musical styles and Azerbaijani folk can also be seen as the origin of Azerbaijani pop music, which attempted to elevate folk music through greater musicianship, or compositional and arrangement skills.

Traditional instruments

Stringed instruments
Plucked stringed instruments include the lute-like saz, chang, gopuz, tar and oud, originally barbat, and the dulcimer-like qanún (also sometimes hammered). Bowed stringed instruments include the kamancha.

Wind instruments

Woodwind instruments include the double-reed, shawm-like tutek (whistle flute), zurna, ney and balaban.

Percussion instruments
Percussion instruments include  the frame drum ghaval, the cylindrical double faced drum nagara (davul), and the gosha nagara (pair of small kettle drums) and daf (frame drum).

Apart from percussion instruments, there is also this musical gemstone known as Gaval Dash. It makes a tambourine-like sound when it is hit at different points. Among the stone books there are a big flat stone formed out of 3 supports. Suffice it to touch the object with a small stone, musical sounds come from it. The Gaval Dash has been formed due to the combination of unique climate, oil, and gas which can be found in the region of Azerbaijan. The Gaval Dash can only be found in Gobustan, Azerbaijan.

Forms of folk music

The earliest vernacular children's songs in Europe are lullabies from the later medieval period. From soon after we have records of short children's rhyming songs, but most nursery rhymes were not written down until the 18th century. The first, and possibly the most important collection to focus in this area was, Asaf Zeynally's children's suite and Ganbar Huseynli's Jujalarim. Children's songs, unlike folk songs, have remained part of a living and continuous tradition, for although added to from other sources and affected by written versions, most adults pass on songs they learned from oral sources as children.

War songs

In Azerbaijan songs about military and naval subjects were a major part of the output of ballad writers from the 18th century onwards, including one of the earliest Azerbaijani ballads ‘The Black Sea was storming’, which deals with the events of the Battle of Sarikamish in 1914. The conflicts between Azerbaijan and Armenia in the later 20th and early 19th centuries produced a number of ballads describing events, particularly conflicts like those of the Battle of Aghdam. Output became a flood during the Revolutionary and first Nagorno-Karabakh War, seeing numerous patriotic war songs, like "Cənab Leytenant" (Mister Lieutenant).

Work songs

Work songs include music sung while conducting a task (often to coordinate timing) or a song linked to a task or trade which might be a connected narrative, description, or protest song. The two main types of work song in Azerbaijani are agricultural work songs, usually are rhythmic a cappella songs sung by people working on a physical and often repetitive task, like the 'Tea song' common in Soviet Azerbaijan. The songs were probably intended to increase productivity while reducing feelings of boredom.

Regional traditions

Karabakh region
Karabakh has been one of the key areas of Azerbaijani folk music and collection. It had retained a strong tradition of mugham and such as Şuşanın dağları başı dumanlı and Sari Gelin became vital part of music revival in Azerbaijan.

Baku region
Despite being the centre of both folk revivals and the jazzy folk movement, the songs of Baku were largely neglected in favour of regional and rural music until relatively recently. Baku, unsurprisingly, was the most common location mentioned in Azerbaijani folk songs, including ‘Bakı Haqqında Mahnı’ (Song about Baku), and the ‘Bakı, Sabahın Xeyr’ (Good Morning Baku) and it was the centre of the broadside publishing industry.

Notable performers

Individuals

Female
 Shovkat Alakbarova
 Sevda Alakbarzadeh
 Azerin
 Nazakat Mammadova
 Zeynab Khanlarova
 Aygün Kazımova
 Googoosh

Male
 Ogtay Aghayev
 Rashid Behbudov
 Bulbul
 Akif Islamzade
 Islam Rzayev
 Gulagha Mammadov

Musicians

 Habil Aliyev
 Ramiz Guliyev
 Avtandil Israfilov
 Elchin Hashimov
 Kamil Jalilov
 Bahram Mansurov
 Gurban Pirimov
 Rəmiş
 Sadigjan
 Alihan Samedov
 Natig Shirinov

See also
 Sari Gelin
 Mugham
 Azerbaijani pop music

References

Azerbaijani
folk


title: Kroonia adamauensis

text:
Kroonia adamauensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cameroon.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Cameroon
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kroonia carteri

text:
Kroonia carteri is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Senegal and Gambia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kroonia dallastai

text:
Kroonia dallastai is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of Kenya
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kroonia fumealis

text:
Kroonia fumealis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Botswana and Zimbabwe.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1925


title: Kroonia heikeae

text:
Kroonia heikeae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Namibia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Namibia
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kildare–McCormick House

text:
The Kildare–McCormick House is a historic residence in Huntsville, Alabama.  The highly ornate, Queen Anne-style mansion was built in 1886–87.  Its early owners contributed to the development of Huntsville, both through industrial projects and philanthropic efforts.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

History
The house was built by industrialist Michael O'Shaugnessey, who had come to Huntsville from Nashville in 1881 with his brother to open a cottonseed oil factory.  He also was a member of the North Alabama Improvement Company, which invested in infrastructure and industry and were the main backers of Dallas Mill.  O'Shaugnessey built his mansion in 1886 on 71 acres (29 ha), naming it Kildare, after the county in Ireland where he was born.

O'Shaugnessey returned to Nashville in 1900, and sold the house to Mary Virginia
McCormick, daughter of Cyrus McCormick, another industrial magnate who invented the mechanical reaper.  Virginia McCormick lived in the house as a winter residence with her caretaker Grace Walker.  McCormick and Walker were heavily involved in philanthropic efforts in the city.  McCormick funded several YMCAs in the mill villages surrounding town, an African-American wing for the then-segregated Huntsville Hospital, and a hospital at Alabama A&M University; Virginia's relative, Robert R. McCormick also funded A&M's Domestic Science Building.  The house was used for many social events, including Christmas parties for children, Easter egg hunts, and a celebration for Virginia's birthday in May.  During McCormick's tenure, a conservatory was added to the side of the ballroom and a porch added to the rear of the house.

McCormick moved out of the house in 1931, and the family subdivided and sold the property the next year.  Over the next 40 years, the house had no fewer than 10 owners who repurposed the house as a hotel, boarding house, health spa, antique shop, and brothel.  After years of neglect, the house was purchased in 1975 by James Reeves, who restored the house over the next 20 years.  The current owners purchased the house in 2007 and constructed a protective barrier around it.

Architecture
The Kildare–McCormick House is three stories, plus an English basement, and contains 40 rooms and 17,000 square feet (1580 sq. m.) of living space.  The house has a central block with a southern wing with a rectangular ell on one corner and a cylindrical tower on the other, and a northwestern wing with an semicircular section.  Designed in a highly decorated Queen Anne style, the exterior combines a variety of materials and colors.

The basement and first floor, as well as second floor on the southeast bay and tower, are covered in limestone block, the first floor more smooth than the basement.  Red brick is used for quoins and window surrounds on the southeast bay, and for the third floor of the tower.  The gable end of the southeast bay contains a small window and an intricate terra cotta relief.  The upper floors are faced with tan river stones, divided into panels with green-painted wood.  Windows on the first floor are mostly one-over-one sashes, some with sidelights and stained glass or leaded glass transoms.  On the main block of the second floor, windows are one-over-one sashes with the upper pane surrounded by a row of small panes.  Third floor windows have the entire upper sash composed of small panes.  The irregular-shaped slate roof is punctuated by numerous gables and dormers, as well as four brick chimneys with recessed panels in each side and tapered tops.  Wooden brackets project from the eaves.  A flat roofed porch extends across the front of the house, the northern portion of which is supported by wooden posts and a short rail.  The portion over the main entrance has a limestone wall on the south end with a terra cotta-framed arched opening with an ornamental hipped roof and finial.  A pyramidal roofed porte-cochère with terra cotta ridges and a finial extends from the porch over the semicircular driveway.

The main entrance opens into a hall with a stairway, doors to two parlors to the right, the dining room at the rear, and the ballroom to the south.  The ballroom contains the southeastern bay and tower, and opens into the conservatory, added in the early 20th century.  A porch and breakfast room are behind the dining room.  The northwestern wing contains the butler's pantry, stairs to the kitchen in the basement, a bathroom, and the library.  The second floor contains a large hall and seven bedrooms.  The third floor, which is reached by a separate flight of stairs from the second floor hall, contains four further bedrooms and a billiard room.

References

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
Queen Anne architecture in Alabama
Houses completed in 1887
Houses in Huntsville, Alabama


title: Kroonia honeyi

text:
Kroonia honeyi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Namibia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Namibia
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kroonia murphyi

text:
Kroonia murphyi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Malawi and Tanzania.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2010


title: Kroonia natalica

text:
Kroonia natalica is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1910


title: Kroonia politzari

text:
Kroonia politzari is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Moths described in 2010


title: Beasts of No Nation (film)

text:
Beasts of No Nation is a 2015 American war drama film written, co-produced, shot, and directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga. It follows a young boy who becomes a child soldier as his country experiences a horrific civil war. Shot in Ghana and starring Idris Elba, Abraham Attah, Ama K. Abebrese, Grace Nortey, David Dontoh, and Opeyemi Fagbohungbe, the film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Uzodinma Iweala, the book itself being named after a Fela Kuti album.

It was screened in the main competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Marcello Mastroianni Award. The film was shown in the Special Presentation section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, and released on Netflix globally and in a limited release by Bleecker Street on October 16, 2015.

Plot
A civil war is breaking out in an unspecified West African country. A young boy, Agu, lives in a small village with his parents, older brother, and younger sibling. Agu's village is located within a "buffer zone" enforced by ECOMOG troops. The village is informed that the government has fallen and military-aligned rebels have seized control of the country. With rebel forces headed towards the village, many people flee to the country's capital for safety. Agu's father buys safe transport for his wife and two youngest children, but has to stay behind with Agu and his eldest son. Rebel and government forces fight in and around Agu's village. While the rebel soldiers flee, government forces round up the remaining villagers. Convinced by a crazy local woman of being rebels, the troops had them executed, but Agu evades capture and escapes into the jungle.

After wandering for an unspecified amount of time, Agu is caught up in a guerrilla skirmish. The Native Defense Forces (NDF), a rising rebel faction in the country, adopts Agu into their ranks. Agu's battalion is led by the Commandant, who takes Agu under his wing. Following a brutal initiation process where Agu hacks an innocent captive to death with a machete, Agu becomes a fully-fledged member of the militia. Agu befriends another young NDF child soldier, Strika, who never speaks. One night, the Commandant summons Agu to his quarters and rapes him. Strika, another of the Commandant's rape victims, comforts him. Preacher, an older soldier, gives Agu brown-brown to lift his mood. Agu and Strika take part in a number of bloody battles and ambushes. During one of the raids Agu, under the influence of brown-brown, mistakes a village-woman during a raid for his mother. He exclaims that he found her and clings to her while the other members of the group declare they want to rape her. The woman says not to recognise Agu and he calls her a witch woman. One of the other child soldiers drags the young girl with the woman and stomps the child to death. Agu joins in. He wonders if God sees what he is doing. Agu then shoots the woman while she is being raped on a bed.

The battalion's many victories earn them a summons to the rebel headquarters, where the Commandant, accompanied by Agu, Strika, and a few other soldiers, go to meet with the NDF leader, Dada Goodblood. Goodblood, who stresses the importance of public image in the wake of the conflict becoming world news, denies the Commandant the promotion to General as he had promised, and removes him from command. The Commandant's lieutenant, Two I-C, will take control of the battalion, and the Commandant will be made Deputy Chief of Security under the leader. The Commandant views this as an insult, and leaves to "celebrate" one more night with his men at a brothel. While the soldiers (except for Agu and Strika) spend the night with the brothel's women, one of the women shoots Two I-C. Two I-C accuses the Commandant of orchestrating the incident before dying, while the Commandant insists it must have been a botched attempt against himself. The prostitute professes that it was an accident, but the Commandant and his men shoot the women and leave the city with the battalion.

Now on the run from their own faction as well as their enemies, the battalion suffers heavy losses. Airstrikes and supply shortages kill many of them, including Strika. The remaining members of the battalion take shelter at a gold mine for several months, hoping to find gold to pay for supplies. Ammunition runs out, leaving the group with no way to defend themselves from encroaching enemy forces. Following a confrontation between a frustrated Preacher and paranoid Commandant, Agu and the soldiers all abandon the Commandant to surrender, ignoring his warnings that they will merely be thrown in jail and disowned by their families. Shortly after, they are detained by UN troops.

The younger members of the battalion are sent to a missionary school in a safe part of the country. Preacher and Randy decide to run away to rejoin the war. Agu stays away from the other children, who play games and enjoy the comfort and safety of the school. Agu suffers from drug withdrawal and is tormented by what has happened and has nightmares about it. After much time has passed, Agu tells the school's counselor that he has done some terrible things, which he fears will make her see him as a "beast". Instead he tells of how he used to be a good boy from a family who loved him. The final scene shows Agu finally joining the other boys as they swim and play in the ocean.

Cast

Production
Cary Joji Fukunaga directed his own script, after having worked on it for seven years. It was not until after six years of research on the Sierra Leone Civil War that Fukunaga came across the Beasts of No Nation novel. He told Creative Screenwriting, "I read through the novel and I loved the elegant and concise way that Uzodinma Iweala told the story.  I felt that would be the best way to enter the subject."

The dialogue in the screenplay is faithful in form to the novel, originally written in a lighter form of Nigerian Pidgin English known as Krio.

On August 20, 2013, Idris Elba joined the cast of the film adaptation.  On June 6, 2014, Ghanaian actors Ama K. Abebrese, Grace Nortey and David Dontoh joined the film. Later, Opeyemi Fagbohungbe also joined the cast.

Red Crown Productions was the financier and producer, along with Primary Productions and Parliament of Owls. On May 17, 2014, Participant Media, along with Mammoth Entertainment, came on board to co-finance the film, initially budgeted at $4.3 million but which ultimately cost about $6 million.

On June 5, 2014, principal photography was underway in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The film was shot at locations in Koforidua and Ezile Bay at Akwidaa. The costumes for the child soldiers were inspired by the uniforms of the Kamajors, who wore fabric patches on their shirts as a form of protection. Dan Romer scored the film.

Release
Netflix bought the worldwide distribution rights for around $12 million. The film was simultaneously released theatrically and online through its subscription video on demand service on October 16, 2015, with Bleecker Street handling the theatrical release. Considering the online release a violation of the traditional 90-day release window of exclusivity to theatres, AMC Cinemas, Carmike Cinemas, Cinemark, and Regal Entertainment Group—four of the largest theater chains in the United States—announced that they would boycott Beasts of No Nation, effectively downgrading it to a limited release at smaller and independent theatres. The film was also theatrically released in the UK on October 16, 2015, in Curzon Cinemas.

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 92% based on 146 reviews, with an average rating of 7.90/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Beasts of No Nation finds writer-director Cary Fukunaga working with a talented cast to offer a sobering, uncompromising, yet still somehow hopeful picture of war's human cost." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 79 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favourable reviews".

Home media
The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD by The Criterion Collection on August 31, 2021.

Controversy
In 2015, Artnet published an article suggesting that Fukunaga had appropriated content without crediting the work of Irish artist Richard Mosse, whose work used infrared film and depicted child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Accolades

References

External links
  on Netflix

Beasts of No Nation: A Different Kind of African War Film an essay by Robert Daniels at the Criterion Collection

2015 films
2015 independent films
Twi-language films
2015 war drama films
American war drama films
Films about child soldiers
Films about war crimes
Films based on American novels
Films based on Nigerian novels
Films directed by Cary Joji Fukunaga
Films scored by Dan Romer
Films set in Africa
Films shot in Ghana
Participant (company) films
English-language Netflix original films
Bleecker Street films
Films with screenplays by Cary Joji Fukunaga
2015 drama films
Guerrilla warfare in film
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


title: Lebedodes bassa

text:
Lebedodes bassa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Nigeria and Togo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1908


title: Lebedodes castanea

text:
Lebedodes castanea is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of South Africa
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1925


title: Lebedodes clathratus

text:
Lebedodes clathratus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cameroon.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Cameroon
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1911


title: Lebedodes cossula

text:
Lebedodes cossula is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Central African Republic and Equatorial Guinea.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1893


title: Sixtymile River

text:
Sixtymile River (also "Sixtymile Creek") (Hän: Khel ndek) is a tributary of the Yukon River, which heads in the U.S. state of Alaska before crossing into Yukon, Canada.

Geography
This stream heads in Alaska and has a length, after crossing into Canadian territory measured along the valley, of about , and following the windings of the stream, of about  in total. Its fall, measured roughly with the barometer, from the boundary to the Yukon, amounts to , and the average grade of the valley to a little over  to the mile. At the international boundary, it is a rapid winding stream averaging about  in width and interrupted at frequent intervals by steep bars covered with only a few inches of water. The upper portion of the river from the boundary to California creek can hardly be considered a navigable stream even for small boats. Below California creek, the volume of water increases and the descent becomes less difficult, but bars and rapids continue almost to the mouth and no part of the river is easy to ascend. The tributary streams are small, as a rule, but two large streams, one draining the country to the west and one other to the south, come in within four miles of each other, nearly opposite Indian River, and these branches nearly double the volume of the main river. Towards its mouth, Sixtymile has an average width of from .
Below Sixtymile, the Yukon contains many islands.

The valley of Sixtymile is generally flat-bottomed, the flats varying from a  to nearly  in width. The sides are usually terraced and in places, the stream for long distances, has cut a secondary rock-walled channel, similar to that noticed on Indian river and Stewart River, through the bottom of its old valley. The country bordering Sixtymile River forms part of the Yukon plateau, a highland worn into rounded hills and long zigzag ridges, but containing no well-defined and continuous mountain ranges. At several points, high hills usually of andesite, project a few hundred feet above the general level.

Miller Creek enters Sixtymile about  from its mouth. In addition to Miller Creek, Glacier, Gold, Little Gold, and Bed Rock creeks are all tributaries of Sixtymile. Sixtymile Butte, a prominent mountain above the headwaters of the stream, is of granite.

Geology
At the boundary and down the valley to Bedrock creek, the rocks consist principally of igneous schists of various kinds, largely granite-gneisses, with which are associated some quartzites and other clastic schists. These schists constitute the gold-bearing rocks. They are replaced below Bedrock creek by andesites which continue down to a point  west of the mouth of Gold creek. The andesites extend up Miller Creek nearly  and up Gold creek over .

History
Sixtymile and Fortymile were part of the Yukon district during the Klondike Gold Rush, with at least 1,000 men working the two streams in 1895. At the mouth of Sixtymile a townsite of that name was located and served as the headquarters for upwards of 100 miners. Messrs. Arthur Harper & Co. had a trading post and a sawmill on an island at the mouth of the stream, both of which were run by Joseph Ladue, one of the partners of the firm, and who was at one time in the employ of the Alaska Commercial Company.

See also
List of rivers of Alaska
List of rivers of Yukon

References

Rivers of Alaska
Rivers of Yukon
Tributaries of the Yukon River
Hän


title: Battle of Bordeaux

text:
The Battle of Bordeaux may refer to:

Battle of Bordeaux (732)
Battle of Bordeaux (1653)
Battle of Bordeaux (1938 FIFA World Cup)


title: Choeradoplana

text:
Choeradoplana is a genus of land planarians found in South America.

Description
Species of the genus Choeradoplana are characterized by the presence of a cephalic retractor muscle associated with cephalic glands, forming a cephalic musculo-glandular organ in a way similar to the one found in the genera Luteostriata and Issoca. The head of Choeradoplana is highly rolled backwards and the ventral area thus visible has two "cushions" formed by the musculo-glandular organ. This peculiar head shape makes it easy to identify a species as belonging to this genus.

Etymology
The name Choeradoplana comes from Greek word χοιράς (scrofula) and the Latin word plana (flat) due to the two cushions on the ventral side of the head that resemble the neck swellings in patients affected by scrofula.

Species
The genus Choeradoplana currently includes the following 24 species:

Choeradoplana abaiba Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
Choeradoplana agua Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
Choeradoplana albonigra (Riester, 1938)
Choeradoplana banga Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
Choeradoplana benyai Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, 2014
Choeradoplana bilix Marcus, 1951
Choeradoplana bocaina Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
Choeradoplana catua Froehlich, 1954
Choeradoplana claudioi Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
Choeradoplana crassiphalla Negrete & Brusa, 2012
Choeradoplana cyanoatria Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2019
Choeradoplana ehrenreichi Graff, 1899
Choeradoplana eudoxiae Silva & Carbayo, 2021
Choeradoplana gladismariae Carbayo & Froehlich, 2012
Choeradoplana iheringi Graff, 1899
Choeradoplana langi (Dendy, 1894)
Choeradoplana longivesicula Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2019
Choeradoplana marthae Froehlich, 1954
Choeradoplana minima Lemos & Leal-Zanchet, 2014
Choeradoplana onae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
Choeradoplana pucupucu Carbayo, Silva, Riutort & Álvarez-Presas, 2017
Choeradoplana riutortae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021
Choeradoplana tristriata (Schultze & Müller, 1857)

References

Geoplanidae
Rhabditophora genera


title: Riverside, Lincoln County, New Mexico

text:
Riverside is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. It is located along the Rio Hondo that flows east out of the Sacramento Mountains, the Sierra Blanca and the Capitan Mountains of south-central New Mexico. It is on combined routes U.S. 380 and U.S. 70, between the town of Lincoln and Roswell. The nearest community is Sunset about a mile upstream.

History
The settlement was established after World War I when W. O. Norman opened a filling station there, called "Big Hill Filling Station", and a car camp. In 1930 Norman sold his interest and the place was renamed "Riverside Camp", which was soon shortened to "Riverside".

References

Unincorporated communities in Lincoln County, New Mexico
Unincorporated communities in New Mexico


title: Riverside, New Mexico

text:
Riverside, New Mexico may refer to:

 Riverside, Eddy County, New Mexico, an unincorporated community on the Pecos River
 Riverside, Grant County, New Mexico, an unincorporated community on the Gila River
 Riverside, Lincoln County, New Mexico, an unincorporated community on the Rio Hondo
 Riverside, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, a former village on the Rio Grande
 Riverside, San Juan County, New Mexico, an unincorporated community on the Animas River


title: Emerging issues analysis

text:
Emerging issues analysis (sometimes capitalized as Emerging Issues Analysis, and abbreviated as EIA) is a term used in futures studies and strategic planning, to describe the process of identifying and studying issues that have not been influential or important in the past, but that might be influential in the future. Since the issues identified in EIA are new, we cannot rely on their history to predict how they will influence the future. This distinguishes EIA from trend analysis. Trend analysis is used for issues where we have historical data that can be used to identify a trend, that can then be extrapolated to the future.

See also

 Futures techniques
 Futures studies
 Scenario planning
 Strategic planning

References

Strategic management


title: Yam Concepcion

text:
Lorraine May "Yam" Concepcion-Cuunjieng (born May 27, 1988), is a Filipino actress known for her role in the erotic thriller movie Rigodon directed by Erik Matti, and she rose to fame on the 2013 daytime television series Dugong Buhay alongside Ejay Falcon and Arjo Atayde.

Personal life
She graduated high school at Assumption College San Lorenzo. She finished a degree in Multimedia Arts at College of Saint Benilde.

On June 23, 2021, Yam announced her engagement with boyfriend Miguel Cuunjieng, who is living and working in New York. They got married on July 25, 2021.

Filmography

Television

Films

Music video appearance
 Shopping (Ryan Bang, 2015, also featuring Jayson Gainza, Aiko Climaco, Donnalyn Bartolome, Kristine Santamena and Mayumi Yokoyama)

 Sinungaling (Mayonnaise, 2013)

References

External links

1988 births
Filipino child actresses
Filipino film actresses
Living people
Filipino television actresses
Actresses from Quezon City
De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde alumni
Star Magic
Viva Artists Agency
ABS-CBN personalities


title: Guardians Drum and Bugle Corps

text:
The Guardians Drum and Bugle Corps is an Open Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps. Based in San Antonio, Texas, the Guardians perform in Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions.

History
Johnathan Doerr, a 19-year-old student at Texas Tech University approached his best friend, Isaac Lee, former drum major of the Blue Devils with the idea of a community-based local touring drum corps in the Central Texas area.  On October 28, 2012, Doerr founded the Central Texas Drum Corps Initiative in San Marcos, the organization which would become the Guardians Drum and Bugle Corps. A meeting was held in Seguin in December to gauge community support.  With 25 people attending, a decision was made to go forward with developing the future performing unit with its base relocated to Seguin.

When, in early 2013, DCI announced the introduction of two new activities for small competitive units, DrumLine Battle and SoundSport, Doerr saw that he could use SoundSport as a means of helping to start the new corps.

The inaugural membership/rehearsal meeting of the Guardians was held in Seguin in March. Fifteen potential members were in attendance. Aid and assistance was soon forthcoming from established drum corps such as Open Class corps Genesis and Legends, Texas' World Class corps the Crossmen, and all-age corps the Vigilantes, as well as music businesses, interested individuals, and DCI. The corps also grew in size, rapidly approaching the SoundSport maximum of 50, with members coming from throughout Texas.

In June, the Guardians Drum and Bugle Corps undertook a short, in-state tour, giving several performances and concluding with a SoundSport exhibition at the DCI Southwestern Championship regional competition at the Alamodome in San Antonio.

Continuing to develop slowly, with an eye focused on the financial bottom line, the Guardians entered DCI Open Class competition in 2014.  Fielding a corps of 112 members (56 brass, 16 battery percussion, 12 front ensemble, 24 auxiliary/guard, 4 drum majors), the unit entered only two contests, both in its home state of Texas, at Round Rock (which was rained out) and San Antonio.

In April 2015, the Guardians again relocated, this time to Houston.

In 2016, the corps had a much longer season, including a three-week-long spring training and eight competitions, including both open class and world class finals, as opposed to the previous year's three. In addition, the corps received a sponsorship from System Blue, and as such, got new instruments from them.

Show summary (2013–2023)
Source:

References

External links
Official website

Drum Corps International Open Class corps
Musical groups established in 2012
Organizations based in Texas
2012 establishments in Texas


title: Sabine Free State Festival

text:
The annual Sabine Free State Festival takes place the first weekend of November in the Village of Florien, LA.  Florien is located in the southern tip of Sabine Parish, which was once part of the "Neutral Strip".

Origins in the neutral strip
The Neutral Strip was an area of land that the American government and the Spanish government both claimed. On November 6, 1806, General Wilkinson and Colonel Simon De Herrera signed an agreement to stay out of the strip until a proper boundary could be determined. The area became known as the "Free State" and a sanctuary for outlaws. The most notorious outlaw was John Murrell. Murrell and his clan would rob and kill any large parties that would cross the strip. One member in Murrell's clan was Hiriam Midkiff.  Rumor has it that the Spanish had gold mines located near Clear Water Baptist Church just outside the city limits of present-day Florien. Murrell, Midkiff, and other clan members stole the gold, and hid it in the caves also located in this area. Mr. Walter Bruce wrote a book called The Bandit of Murrell's Caves, which tells the story. The Neutral Strip ended on March 28, 1822, when General Zachary Taylor was given orders to build Fort Jessup; the Fort was built just outside present day Many, in Sabine Parish.

Activities
The town of Florien held the first Free State Festival in November 1981. The festival has a treasure hunt for Midkiff's treasure, which could be located in the town, or up to 10 miles from the town. Clues are given every day to help locate the missing treasure; a savings bond is the prize. The town has a syrup mill in the center of square. Syrup is made from sugar cane and sold during the festival. There are several old buildings that have been donated to the town, and a saloon used for the shoot-outs. During the shoot-out, the participants are dressed for the period, and Hiriam Midkiff always shows up. Needless to say, the sheriff takes him down. Everyone has fun, and enjoys the street dance and firework show, which signifies the end of the festival.

This festival went on hiatus in 2020.

References
Sandel, Luther. (1981) "Sabine Free State "Neutral Strip" First Annual Festival book.

Festivals in Louisiana
Annual events in Louisiana
Sabine Parish, Louisiana


title: Aspidura ceylonensis

text:
Aspidura ceylonensis, also known as the Ceylon keelback, black-spined snake, or slender mould snake, is a colubrid snake endemic to Sri Lanka. It is locally known as කුරුන් කරවලා (kurun karawala) or රත් කරවලා (rath karawala) in Sinhala.

Distribution
Aspidura ceylonensis  is a semi-fossorial snake from submontane forests. Restricted to submontane forests and plantations of the Central Highlands, including Pussellawa, Gampola, Hatton, Knuckles, Balangoda, Pundaluoya, Ramboda, Kotagala, Namunukula, Mousakanda, Gammaduwa, and Kotmale, up to about  of elevation.

Description
Head is long and snout is broadly rounded. Neck is indistinct. The body is slender with cylindrical, short tail. Dorsal side is crimson brown with a black vertebral line, hence given the name. Dorsum of fore body is brown. Laterally there are a series of black spots in a line. Neck region has a dark brown marking. Venter is crimson colored. Adults are  in length.

Scalation
Midbody has 17 scale rows. There are 162–207 ventral scales and 37–56 subcaudal scales. The scales are smooth and iridescent.

Ecology
It is a nocturnal and terrestrial snake that lives in damp soil, silted-up drains, beneath heaps of decaying leaves, and in similar places where there are earthworms, its primary prey.

Reproduction
Clutches of two to five eggs are produced in the months of August to November.

References

External links
 Itis.gov
 Animaldiversity.umz.umich.edu
 Eol.org
 Gbif.org

Aspidura
Snakes of Asia
Reptiles of Sri Lanka
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Reptiles described in 1858


title: 12 (+6) In a Row

text:
12 (+6) In a Row is an album by Paul Bley with Hans Koch and Franz Koglmann recorded in Switzerland in 1990 and released on the hat ART label the following year.

Reception

Thom Jurek of AllMusic states, "In all, this is one of Bley's most curious and intimate works, where his own musical mind is given problems -- presented by serialism and its own undoing -- and his ways of resolving them or casting them out of his vocabulary. Brilliant".
The Guardian review by John Fordham awarded the album 4 stars noting "This is perhaps predominantly a set for free-jazz fans; however, it's jostling with absorbing melody, and all 18 tracks are invitingly short".

Track listing
All compositions by Paul Bley, Hans Koch & Franz Koglmann except as indicated
 "Solo 1" (Bley) - 3:13
 "Trio 1" - 3:37
 "Solo 2" (Bley) - 3:34
 "Trio 2" - 2:22
 "Solo 3" (Bley) - 3:27
 "Trio 3" - 3:04
 "Duo 1" (Bley, Koch) - 1:59
 "Duo 2" (Bley Koch) - 1:58
 "Duo 3" (Bley, Koglmann) - 2:17
 "Solo 4" (Bley) - 4:27
 "Trio 4" - 2:59
 "Solo 5" (Bley) - 3:47
 "Trio 5" - 4:57
 "Solo 6" (Bley) - 4:57
 "Trio 6" - 4:28
 "Solo 7" (Bley) - 2:37
 "Trio 7" - 2:20
 "Solo 8" (Bley) - 3:07

Personnel
Paul Bley - piano
Franz Koglmann - flugelhorn
Hans Koch - clarinet, saxophone

References

1991 albums
Paul Bley albums
Hathut Records albums


title: Tony Pabón

text:
Tony Pabón (March 6, 1939 in San Juan – January 21, 2014) was a Puerto Rican-born, New York raised, singer, trumpeter and bandleader influential in the development of boogaloo.

His "Pete's Boogaloo", a tribute to Pete Rodriguez was the first boogaloo played on the radio. His other well known tracks included the mambo "El Capitan", on the album La Protesta.

Discography
 Tony Pabon and his All Stars (cover title) – also known as Tony Pabon y sus Estrellas
Songs
"I Like It Like That"
"El Capitan"

References

1939 births
2014 deaths
American bandleaders
American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Singers from New York City
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico


title: Glenroy Station

text:
Glenroy Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in Western Australia.

It is situated approximately  north of Fitzroy Crossing and  east of Derby in the Kimberley region.

History
The property was established in the early 1900s by Arthur Blythe and Reginald Nash Spong. The Blythe family had been active in the West Kimberley since 1885. The family owned Brooking Creek Station on the Fitzroy River and Arthur's father, Joseph Blythe, later established Mount House Station.

Together Mount House and Glenroy occupy an area of  and can carry approximately 20,000 head of cattle.

Blythe sold his share of the property to Jabez Pearson Orchard in about 1912. In 1916, Sidney Kidman invested in Glenroy with Spong and Orchard, forming the Glenroy Pastoral Company. This was Kidman's first investment in the West Kimberley.

In 1919, in a remarkable feat of droving, 300 horses were overlanded over  from Kapunda to Fossil Downs and Glenroy. Only 26 horses were lost on the journey but one stockman was drowned at Caroline Pool on the last stages.

Kidman abandoned both Glenroy and Mornington Station in 1936 as a result of Aboriginal Australians spearing his cattle and the difficulty in driving his cattle to Derby.

Gordon Blythe initiated the Air Beef Scheme in the late 1940s to send beef to market from Mount House Station and Glenroy. An abattoir was constructed at Glenroy in 1948 to send beef by air to Wyndham and Derby. The business faced completion from road trains in 1953 and the abattoir was closed in 1964 and nearly completely destroyed by fire in 1966.

The area was struck by drought between 1951 and 1953, with the number of cattle being reduced by half. This was the first drought suffered by pastoralists in 70 years, with many hurriedly sinking bores and buying feed to keep their stock alive. Other nearby properties that were affected in Noonkanbah, Liveringa, Quandan, Gogo, Cherrabun, Fossil Downs, Luiligui, Christmas Creek and Bohemia Downs Station.

See also
List of ranches and stations
List of pastoral leases in Western Australia

References

Homesteads in Western Australia
Stations in the Kimberley (Western Australia)
State Register of Heritage Places in the Shire of Derby-West Kimberley


title: ESSL (disambiguation)

text:
ESSL may refer to:
 European Severe Storms Laboratory, a non-profit organization dedicated to basic and applied research on severe convective storms
 The ICAO code of Linköping/Saab Airport in Sweden
 OpenGL ES Shading Language (GLSL ES), a set of versions of OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) for use with OpenGL ES or WebGL


title: Hallo Bay

text:
Hallo Bay (Sugpiaq: Ayut, Ayu) is a sandy bay located beneath the peaks of the Aleutian Range within Katmai National Park. The bay is famous for its bear viewing, since large numbers of grizzly bears are attracted to feast on the rich sedges along the tidal flats of the bay. Sometimes they are also observed digging up clams in the mud, and fishing for salmon in July. The food in the bay is so abundant that at times as many as five to six large bears can be seen at one time feeding on sedges, salmon or clams. The bears are usually timid around humans but have learned to trust them over the years due to decades of no hunting and the gentle nature of visitors. However, an incident in 2003 cost bear enthusiast Timothy Treadwell his life, not far from Hallo Bay.

Visitors to the bay should know that the only places to stay aside from tents are several small cabins and an eating area, called the Hallo Bay Camp. Peak viewing season is July, more information about visitation is available from Katmai National Park & Preserve.

References

Bays of Alaska
Bodies of water of Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska
Katmai National Park and Preserve


title: Metaphrenon impressicolle

text:
Metaphrenon impressicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lacordaire in 1869.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1869


title: Metaphrenon lucidum

text:
Metaphrenon lucidum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1795


title: Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

text:
The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) is a rule by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that requires member states of the United States to reduce power plant emissions that contribute to ozone and/or fine particle pollution in other states. The EPA describes this rule as one that "protects the health of millions of Americans by helping states reduce air pollution and attain clean air standards."

Details
The CSAPR requires 23 United States states to reduce their annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) to help downwind states attain the 24-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and 25 states to reduce ozone season nitrogen oxide emissions to help downwind states attain the 8-hour NAAQS.

The states that are required to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions are divided into two groups, both of which must reduce their emissions in 2012. Group 1 is required to make additional emissions reductions by 2014.

History

Reception
The CSAPR has been defended by environmental groups such as the Environmental Defense Fund, progressive think tanks such as ThinkProgress, and publications such as the Huffington Post.

References

External links
 Official ruling

Air pollution in the United States
United States federal environmental legislation


title: Nesosmodicum

text:
Nesosmodicum gracile is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is the only species in the genus Nesosmodicum. It was described by Melzer in 1923.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1923
Monotypic beetle genera


title: Bim (company)

text:
BİM Birleşik Mağazalar A.Ş. (BİM for short) is a Turkish retail company, known for offering a limited range of basic food items and consumer goods at competitive prices. Bim were the pioneers of this discount store model in Turkey.

Bim's main competitors are Şok and A101.

Business and activities
Bim A.Ş. was founded in 1995 by a group of investors around Cuneyd Zapsu. Zapsu sold his shares to the investment bank Merrill Lynch in 2000. Today, the main shareholder is Mustafa Latif Topbaş. At the beginning BİM had only 21 stores, but it expanded thoroughly and by the end of 2015 it counted 4972 and 2019, 7438 stores  by the third quarter of 2021, the company operated 10.330 stores. BİM does not offer franchises, all stores are owned and operated by the company itself, and they are viewed as a competition to the many independent neighborhood stores. The business model is inspired by the German discounter ALDI.

It also operates 628 stores in Morocco and 320 in Egypt. In 2005 44.12% of its shares were offered to the public.

References

Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange
Retail companies established in 1995
Retail companies of Turkey
Discount stores


title: Wirapong Wannasiri

text:
Wirapong Wannasiri () is a Thai footballer.

References

External links
Player Profile on 7M
Player Profile on SMM Online

Living people
Wirapong Wannasiri
Wirapong Wannasiri
1983 births
Men's association football defenders
Wirapong Wannasiri
Wirapong Wannasiri


title: Smodicum angusticolle

text:
Smodicum angusticolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1919.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1919


title: Smodicum brunneum

text:
Smodicum brunneum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1878.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1878


title: Smodicum clancularium

text:
Smodicum clancularium is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1975.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1975


title: Smodicum confusum

text:
Smodicum confusum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1985.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1985


title: Ian Glover

text:
Ian Glover (born 8 November 1978) is a former professional snooker player from Doncaster. He practises at the Jeff Cundy snooker centre in Scunthorpe and the Sheffield Star Snooker Academy. His practice partners are the club's owner Jeff Cundy, retired professional Barry West, Ben Woollaston and Stuart Carrington.

Career
Glover first entered Main Tour for the 1995–96 season for the first of three seasons in the 1990s; however, he had little success and only won £50 from the last 128 of the Masters Qualifying Event in 1998. After dropping of the tour in 1999, Glover took a hiatus from 2001 before returning to snooker in 2009, playing the secondary Pontins International Open Series tour, Glover finished the season 43rd in the Order of Merit with his best result being a quarter final defeat to Alfie Burden in the second event. Glover reached the last 16 of the 2009 Six-red World Championship, with a notable 5–4 win over Ricky Walden in the last 32.

For 2010–11, the PIOS was dropped and replaced by the pro-am Players Tour Championship and Glover enjoyed success in these events, with notable wins over former two times World Champion Mark Williams and top 32 player Marcus Campbell, wins which helped him reach the last 64 stage of Event 3 and last 32 of Event 4 respectively; however, these runs were not enough to earn him a place back on the professional tour at the end of the season and he failed to win place through the 2011 Q School also. He however did qualify for the main qualifying stages of the 2010 World Open after qualifying from Leicester Riley's Club. He lost 3–1 to Anthony McGill in the first qualifying round.

From 2011 to 2014 Glover continued to enter PTC events but failed to advance beyond the last 128 stage and failed to win prize money. Glover however did return to the tour in 2014 for the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons after winning a two-year card in the EBSA Play-offs beating Gareth Allen and Jamie Clarke both 4–2.

In the 2014/15 season Glover twice reached the last 32 of the PTC events (AT1 and ET1); however, in the major tournaments he failed to win a single match.

Glover began the 2015/2016 season positively, with a 5–0 victory over promising amateur Ross Higgins in the Australian Open, but lost in the next qualifying round 3–5 to Kyren Wilson. He overcame another amateur, Xu Yuan, in the Haining Open, but followed this 4–2 win with a loss to Thanawat Thirapongpaiboon in the last 64. At the UK Championship, he led Jamie Jones 4–3, but could not prevent a 4–6 defeat; his 2016 German Masters qualifying campaign ended similarly, Glover taking the first frame but losing 1–5 to the resurgent John Higgins.

Performance and rankings timeline

References

External links
 Profile on worldsnooker.com

 Profile on Pro Snooker Blog

English snooker players
Sportspeople from Doncaster
1978 births
Living people


title: Smodicum cucujiforme

text:
Smodicum cucujiforme is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Say in 1826.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1826


title: Smodicum depressum

text:
Smodicum depressum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1878.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1878


title: Smodicum dinellii

text:
Smodicum dinellii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bruch in 1911.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1911


title: Petroleum industry in Niger

text:
Niger has a long history of petroleum exploration dating back to the 1970s. However, it is only recently in 2011 that the petroleum industry of Niger was born with the opening of the Agadem oilfield and the Soraz refinery near Zinder. The oil and gas extracted from the Agadem field are processed at the Soraz refinery and products (gasoline, diesel and liquified natural gas) are primarily for domestic consumption. Since the beginning of the oil extraction, it appears that the reserves have been underestimated: from an estimate of 324 million barrel reserves in 2008, it is believed that reserves are three times higher, near 1 billion barrels in 2013. With the increase in reserves, Niger anticipates an increase in its production from 20,000 to 80,000 barrels per day by 2016 with 60,000 barrels per day for exports via Chad and Cameroon.

Exploration

The history of oil exploration and discovery in Niger goes back to the 1970s. The first tangible discovery occurred in 1975 at the Tintouma field near Madama. However, it was in the Agadem Basin, located in the north-east of the Niger, that exploration began in 1970 with first Texaco then Esso prospecting until 1980. Ten wells will be drilled in Agadem block which covers an area of . In 1980, Elf Aquitaine held the permit on the Agadem block followed in 1985 by Esso and Elf, operating in a joint venture. Between 1990 and 1994, Esso and Elf dug five wells of which four resulted in discoveries. Esso dug three other wells between 1997 and 1998. Elf withdraw from the venture in 1998 and Esso was joined by Petronas in 2002.
After more than four years of exploration, Esso and Petronas abandoned the Agadem permit in 2006, judging it economically unprofitable. The block thus fell back in the public domain of the State with an estimated 324 million barrels of oil reserves and nearly  of gas. Unfortunately for the Esso and Petronas venture, the oil prices skyrocketed starting 2007 going from $30 to $147 in 2008. The reserves considered meager became more attractive and in 2008, China National Petroleum Corporation through its exploration and development company (CNODC) acquired the permit on the Agadem block. As part of the agreement with the government of Niger, CNODC created national branch in Niger (CNPC-NIGER-PETROLEUM SA) and carried out further exploration. Between 2008 and 2012, 76 exploration wells were completed of which 62 have resulted in discoveries. This led to an increase of the previous estimates from 324 million to 744 million barrels of oil and  to  of natural gas reserves. In 2013, a second exploration permit was awarded to CNODC with the reserves now estimated as high as 1 billion barrels. Since 2012, exploration has intensified with production-sharing contracts signed with international firms from Nigeria, Australia, UK and Bermuda.
In addition to the Agadem block, the Tenere block, licensed to CNPC, has potential reserves near 1 to 3 billion barrels of resources.

Petroleum production
Oil is presently extracted from the Agadem field and transported through an underground  long pipeline to the 20,000 barrel per day refinery in Zinder. While the intended extraction aimed for 20,000 barrels per day, by mid-2012, only 10,000 barrels per day was achieved. As of the first trimester of 2013, 3 million barrels have been extracted from the Agadem block in its opening.

Petroleum refinery
The beginning of oil production in Niger was followed with the construction of a refinery in Zinder commonly known as SORAZ. The total petroleum refining capacity is 20,000 barrels per day, which exceeds the 6,050 barrel per day domestic consumption as of 2010. The excess is intended for exports to neighboring countries such as Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. The refinery can produce up 69,900 tonnes per year of liquified natural gas, 306,200 tonnes per year of gasoline and 505,400 tonnes per year of gas oil. By the first semester of 2013, the refinery was producing 113,524 tonnes of gasoline, 217,222 tonnes of diesel and more than 20,000 tonnes of bottled liquified natural gas for domestic use  per year.

Petroleum exports
At present (2014), the entirety of oil extracted is sent to the refinery in Zinder at present. However, a connection to the Chad-Cameroon pipeline is planned and has received approval from Chadian government and recently the Cameroonian Parliament. The pipeline will consist of  from Agadem to Chad and another  in Chad to connect it to its existing pipeline. Niger intends to increase it oil production to 80,000 barrels per day of which 60,000 barrel per day will be exported via this pipeline by 2016.

References

External links

Economy of Niger
Niger


title: Smodicum longicorne

text:
Smodicum longicorne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1975.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1975


title: Smodicum pacificum

text:
Smodicum pacificum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linsley in 1934.

It looks like one of those beetles that you find mummified in your windowsill after not cleaning it for weeks, because who really has the time to clean their windowsills? Not many people clean their windowsills enough for this beetle to feel like it would be found mummified in homes all around the world.Example image

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1934


title: Smodicum parandroides

text:
Smodicum parandroides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1884.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1884


title: List of years in Hungary

text:
This is a list of years in Hungary. See also the timeline of Hungarian history. For only articles about years in Hungary that have been written, see Category:Years in Hungary.

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also
  (1867–1918)

Cities in Hungary
 Timeline of Budapest
 Timeline of Debrecen

Further reading

External links

Hungary history-related lists
Hungary


title: Smodicum recticolle

text:
Smodicum recticolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Brazilian entomologist  Ubirajara R. Martins in 1975. The species S. recticolle was described as an orange beetle, with darkly colored antennae, and recumbent hairs, among other physiological characteristics. The insect was isolated in Argentina and is believed to be native to the Americas.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1975


title: Smodicum semipubescens

text:
Smodicum semipubescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1911


title: Smodicum texanum

text:
Smodicum texanum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Knull in 1966.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1966


title: Smodicum torticolle

text:
Smodicum torticolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1975.

References

Cerambycinae
Beetles described in 1975


title: Syllitus beltrani

text:
Syllitus beltrani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Cerda in 1968.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1968


title: Syllitus chilensis

text:
Syllitus chilensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Cerda in 1953.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1953


title: Syllitus cylindricus

text:
Syllitus cylindricus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Germain in 1899.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1899


title: Syllitus elguetai

text:
Syllitus elguetai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Cerda in 1991.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1991


title: Syllitus pseudocupes

text:
Syllitus pseudocupes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire and Germain in 1864.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1864


title: Cydathenaeum

text:
Cydathenaeum or Kydathenaion () was one of the demes in ancient Athens. It belonged in the phyle (tribe) Pandionis.

History
When Cleisthenes formally established the deme system in 508/7 BC, Kydathenaion was the third largest deme after Acharnae and Aphidna. Its population is estimated to have been around 3,300–3,600 people.

Kydathenaion was one of the five demes located within the walls of the city of Athens (alongside Koile, Kollytos, Melite, and Skambonidai).

Kydathenaion was in the very heart of Athens: it contained the Acropolis, and possibly the Areopagus.

Notable people from the deme include:
 Cleon (died 422 BC), statesman and a general during the Peloponnesian War
 Andocides (440–390 BC), one of the ten Attic orators
 Aristophanes (c. 446 – c. 386 BC), comic playwright
 Nicochares (died c. 345 BC), comic poet
 Echedemos (fl. 190 BC), statesman, ambassador
 Aristodemus of Cydathenaeum

Notes

References
 Luke Hendriks (2012). Athens and the Attic Demes. MA thesis, Leiden University.

Populated places in ancient Attica
Former populated places in Greece
Demoi


title: Syllitus schajovskoii

text:
Syllitus schajovskoii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bosq in 1953.

References

Stenoderini
Beetles described in 1953


title: Syllitus

text:
Syllitus is a genus of long-horned beetles in the family Cerambycidae. There are more than 40 described species in Syllitus.

Species
These 47 species belong to the genus Syllitus:

 Syllitus acanthias McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus adonarensis Jordan, 1894
 Syllitus albipennis Pascoe, 1869
 Syllitus araucariae McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus argillaceus McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus bellulus McKeown, 1942
 Syllitus beltrani Cerda, 1968
 Syllitus bicolor (Schwarzer, 1924)
 Syllitus bipunctatus Waterhouse, 1877
 Syllitus brimblecombei McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus buloloensis Gressitt, 1959
 Syllitus cassiniae McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus centocrus McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus cylindricus Germain, 1899
 Syllitus deustus (Newman, 1841)
 Syllitus divergens McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus dubius McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus elguetai Cerda, 1991
 Syllitus froggatti McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus fulvipennis Gahan, 1893
 Syllitus grammicus (Newman, 1840)
 Syllitus heros Blackburn, 1900
 Syllitus insularis Gressitt, 1959
 Syllitus leoensis Gilmour, 1961
 Syllitus microps Blackburn, 1900
 Syllitus minor Gressitt, 1959
 Syllitus minutus McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus niger Gressitt, 1959
 Syllitus papuanus Gestro, 1875
 Syllitus parryi Pascoe, 1862
 Syllitus pseudocupes (Fairmaire & Germain, 1864)
 Syllitus rectus (Newman, 1841)
 Syllitus schajovskoii Bosq, 1953
 Syllitus sexlineatus Gressitt, 1951
 Syllitus sinuaticosta McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus sinuatus McKeown, 1937
 Syllitus spinosus Gahan, 1915
 Syllitus stellamontis Gressitt, 1959
 Syllitus sumbae Franz, 1972
 Syllitus sutteri Franz, 1972
 Syllitus tabidus Pascoe, 1871
 Syllitus terminatus Pascoe, 1871
 Syllitus timorensis Gilmour, 1961
 Syllitus tuberculatus McKeown, 1938
 Syllitus undulatus Heller, 1914
 Syllitus uniformis Blackburn, 1893
 Syllitus unistriatus McKeown, 1942

References

Further reading

Cerambycidae
Articles created by Qbugbot


title: List of years in Kazakhstan

text:
This is a list of years in Kazakhstan.

20th century

21st century

See also
 Outline of Kazakhstan
 Index of Kazakhstan-related articles
 List of Kazakhstan-related topics

Kazakhstan history-related lists
Kazahstan


title: Planarization

text:
In the mathematical field of graph theory, planarization is a method of extending graph drawing methods from planar graphs to graphs that are not planar, by embedding the non-planar graphs within a larger planar graph.

Planarization may be performed by using any method to find a drawing (with crossings) for the given graph, and then replacing each crossing point by a new artificial vertex, causing each crossed edge to be subdivided into a path. The original graph will be represented as an immersion minor of its planarization.

In incremental planarization, the planarization process is split into two stages. First, a large planar subgraph is found within the given graph. Then, the remaining edges that are not already part of this subgraph are added back one at a time, and routed through an embedding of the planar subgraph. When one of these edges crosses an already-embedded edge, the two edges that cross are replaced by two-edge paths, with a new artificial vertex that represents the crossing point placed at the middle of both paths. In some case a third local optimization stage is added to the planarization process, in which edges with many crossings are removed and re-added in an attempt to improve the planarization.

Finding the largest planar subgraph
Using incremental planarization for graph drawing is most effective when the first step of the process finds as large a planar graph as possible. Unfortunately, finding the planar subgraph with the maximum possible number of edges (the maximum planar subgraph problem) is NP-hard, and MaxSNP-hard, implying that there probably does not exist a polynomial time algorithm that solves the problem exactly or that approximates it arbitrarily well.

In an n-vertex connected graph, the largest planar subgraph has at most 3n − 6 edges, and any spanning tree forms a planar subgraph with n − 1 edges. Thus, it is easy to approximate the maximum planar subgraph within an approximation ratio of one-third, simply by finding a spanning tree. A better approximation ratio, 9/4, is known, based on a method for finding a large partial 2-tree as a subgraph of the given graph. Alternatively, if it is expected that the planar subgraph will include almost all of the edges of the given graph, leaving only a small number k of non-planar edges for the incremental planarization process, then one can solve the problem exactly by using a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm whose running time is linear in the graph size but non-polynomial in the parameter k. The problem may also be solved exactly by a branch and cut algorithm, with no guarantees on running time, but with good performance in practice. This parameter k is known as the skewness of the graph.

There has also been some study of a related problem, finding the largest planar induced subgraph of a given graph. Again, this is NP-hard, but fixed-parameter tractable when all but a few vertices belong to the induced subgraph.  proved a tight bound of 3n/(Δ + 1) on the size of the largest planar induced subgraph, as a function of n, the number of vertices in the given graph, and Δ, its maximum degree; their proof leads to a polynomial time algorithm for finding an induced subgraph of this size.

Adding edges to a planarization
Once a large planar subgraph has been found, the incremental planarization process continues by considering the remaining edges one by one. As it does so, it maintains a planarization of the subgraph formed by the edges that have already been considered. It adds each new edge to a planar embedding of this subgraph, forming a drawing with crossings, and then replaces each crossing point with a new artificial vertex subdividing the two edges that cross. In some versions of this procedure, the order for adding edges is arbitrary, but it is also possible to choose the ordering to be a random permutation, running the same algorithm several times and returning the best planarization that it finds.

In the simplest form of this process, the planar embedding of the planarized subgraph is not allowed to change while new edges are added. In order to add each new edge in a way that minimizes the number of crossings it forms, one can use a shortest path algorithm in the dual graph of the current embedding, in order to find the shortest sequence of faces of the embedding and edges to be crossed that connects the endpoints of the new edge to each other. This process takes polynomial time per edge.

Fixing the embedding of the planarized subgraph is not necessarily optimal in terms of the number of crossings that result. In fact, there exist graphs that are formed by adding one edge to a planar subgraph, where the optimal drawing has only two crossings but where fixing the planar embedding of the subgraph forces a linear number of crossings to be created. As a compromise between finding the optimal planarization of a planar subgraph plus one edge, and keeping a fixed embedding, it is possible to search over all embeddings of the planarized subgraph and find the one that minimizes the number of crossings formed by the new edge.

References

Planar graphs


title: Callimoxys fuscipennis

text:
Callimoxys fuscipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1861.

References

Stenopterini
Beetles described in 1861
Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte


title: Callimoxys nigrinus

text:
Callimoxys nigrinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described in 2011.

References

Stenopterini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Callimoxys ocularis

text:
Callimoxys ocularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hammond and Williams in 2011.

References

Stenopterini
Beetles described in 2011


title: Callimoxys pinorum

text:
Callimoxys pinorum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Casey in 1924.

References

Stenopterini
Beetles described in 1924


title: Callimoxys sanguinicollis

text:
Callimoxys sanguinicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Olivier in 1795.

References

Stenopterini
Beetles described in 1795


title: Callimoxys

text:
Callimoxys is a genus of long-horned beetles in the family Cerambycidae. There are about eight described species in Callimoxys.

Species
These eight species belong to the genus Callimoxys:
 Callimoxys fuscipennis LeConte, 1861
 Callimoxys gracilis (Brullé, 1832)
 Callimoxys nigrinus Hammond & Williams, 2011
 Callimoxys ocularis Hammond & Williams, 2011
 Callimoxys pinorum Casey, 1924
 Callimoxys retusifer Holzschuh, 1999
 Callimoxys sanguinicollis (Olivier, 1795) (blood-necked longhorn)
 † Callimoxys primordialis Wickham, 1911

References

Further reading

External links

Stenopterini
Articles created by Qbugbot


title: Qullqiri (Cusco)

text:
Qullqiri (Aymara and Quechua qullqi silver, -ri a suffix, Hispanicized spelling Collquere) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about  high. It is situated in the  Paucartambo Province, Colquepata District (Qullqipata). Qullqiri lies north-west of the lake Kiskay (Quescay).

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Sports in Andhra Pradesh

text:
Sports in Andhra Pradesh has its own importance, where many sporting personalities were into limelight. The Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh (SAAP) undertakes the sports development activities such as construction of stadiums, establishment of sports academies and other sporting related activities. The sports infrastructure have increased tremendously by improving infrastructure in outdoor and Indoor stadiums, play fields, sports academies, sports equipments etc. Sports such as kho kho, kabaddi are played mostly in Andhra Pradesh.Most sports players from Andhra pradesh represent national level competitions and very few international competitions.

Cricket

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the state. The Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy International Cricket Stadium in Visakhapatnam is the home to Andhra Pradesh cricket team. The venue regularly hosts international as well as domestic matches. Notable cricketers from Andhra Pradesh, include C.K Nayudu,Maharajkumar of Vizianagram, M. V. Narasimha Rao, M. S. K. Prasad, V.V.S. Laxman, Tirumalasetti Suman, Arshad Ayub, Ambati Rayudu, Venkatapathy Raju, Sravanthi Naidu, Yalaka Venugopal Rao, Hanuma Vihari etc.

The Andhra Cricket Association (central zone) has an Amaravati International Cricket Stadium in Mangalagiri, Amaravati of Guntur district. Former India batsman VVS Laxman, inaugurated Andhra Cricket Association's Central Zone Academy in June 2013 at this venue. Andhra Cricket Association is the headquarters of the India national women's cricket team.

Chess

Humpy Koneru, from Gudivada of Krishna district of the state, is an Indian chess Grandmaster. Koneru (during 2002-08 period), held the record as the youngest woman ever to become a grand master. In 2001 she won the World Junior Girls Chess Championship. She is currently in the lead in the FIDE Women's Grand Prix 2013–2014 and won many awards namely Asias youngest International Woman Master (1999), World under-14 championship, Castellan, Spain (2001), Indias youngest Woman Grand Master (2001), World Junior Championship, Athens (2001), Arjuna Award in (2003).

Pentala Harikrishna, is a chess player from Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. became the youngest grandmaster from India on 12 September 2001. Won gold medals in Commonwealth Chess Championship (1999, 2000, 2001), Ron Banwell MSO Masters tournament (2001), World Junior Champion (2004), Asian Games (2006), Spice Cup Tournament (2008), Nancy closed chess tournament (2009), Chigorin Memorial (blitz) (2009), Asian Team Chess Championship (2009), New York Open (2010), Asian Continental Individual Chess Championship (2011).

Dronavalli Harika is a chess grandmaster from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. She won the Asian Individual Women Chess Championship. Her achievements include the Commonwealth Womens Championship (2006, 2007, 2010), World Youth Chess Championship titles (2004), Bronze medal in 2010 Asian Games in Woman's individual rapid event, second Indian woman Grandmaster (after Koneru Humpy). She was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2007.

Weight lifting

Karnam Malleswari, the first female Indian to win an Olympic medal, hails from Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. She won the bronze medal on 19 September 2000, in the 69 kg category with a lift of 240 kg.       Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao, the first male Indian to win 13 Year national weightlifting champion.

Badminton

Pullela Gopichand, is a former Indian badminton player. He won the All England Open Badminton Championships (2001), to becoming the second Indian to achieve it after Prakash Padukone.

He won his National Badminton Championship 5 times in a row (1996-2000). He won two gold and one silver at the Indian national games (1998), Toulouze open championship in France (1999) and the Scottish Open championship. He won many awards namely Arjuna Award (1999), Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna (2001), Padma Shri (2005), Dronacharya Award (2009), Padma Bhushan (2014)

Chetan Anand is a badminton player from Vijayawada. Chetan Anand was a four time National Badminton champion in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2010.

References


title: Hilaria rigida

text:
Hilaria rigida (formerly Pleuraphis rigida) is a species of clumping perennial grass that is widespread in California deserts. It is commonly known as big galleta. It is a monocot in the Hilaria genus of the grass family (Poaceae).

It can be recognized after seed dispersal by the wiry, wavy inflorescence stalks (flexuose) that continue to stick out of the clump of leaf blades. The stems are unusual among grasses in that they are solid, even between the nodes, whereas most grasses have hollow stems.

The clumps help stabilize sand dunes. According to botanist Philip A. Munz, "it is said to be one of the most valuable forage grasses of the desert". Clumps can live more than 100 years.

Habitat, range, and distribution
Big galleta is found in sand dunes, bajadas, scrublands, woodlands, and deserts. It prefers dry, open, sandy to rocky slopes and flats. It occurs on all soil types, but has poor growth in clay soils. It is tolerant of arid environments such as desert floors, and it is the dominant grass in some desert scrub regions. It is found on plains, in sand dunes, and on rocky hillsides. It grows from sea level to about . In the Mojave Desert, it grows up to .

It is common in creosote bush scrub, joshua tree woodland, and blackbrush scrub plant communities, and areas with sandy soils, such as the Kelso sand dunes. In the eastern Mojave Desert, it is more common than its relative, galleta grass (Pleuraphis jamesii).

It is a common native to the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert to Sonora, Mexico. It can be found in California, Arizona into northern Mexico, Colorado, Utah, less commonly, but also in other parts of Mexico and rarely in sand dunes in Utah's Washington and Kane Counties.

Description

Growth pattern
Hilaria rigida is a long-lived, shrubby or bushy, clumping perennial grass producing coarse, erect stems reaching  in maximum height. It spreads from hard, woody rhizomes to form grayish, hairy, open, erect hummocks and clumps. The clumps can live to more than 100 years old. Its primary means of reproduction is by rhizomes, possibly also by tillering. It has a bush-like appearance because it is highly branched at the base. Clumping results from spread by tillers or short rhizomes. Clumps of leaves are  wide. Seeds fall when mature, but their stalks persist, sticking out from the clumps like zigzagging wires, by which the plant can be identified at a distance.

It is drought tolerant and very fast growing after rains. It typically undergoes two major growth periods, one after winter rains, the other after summer monsoons. It is reported to be more effective than many other desert plants at extracting water from the soil during dry periods.

Roots, stems, and leaves
Roots are shallow and radiate outward from the base of the plant.

Fuzzy to wooly stems are stiff, heavy, and coarse, from  long. The stems are unusual among grasses in that they are solid, even between the nodes, whereas most grasses have hollow stems. They can be either erect or lying on the ground (decumbent). Stems have nodes that are lined with long, sometimes curly hairs.

Leaf blades are coarse and firm, fairly wide, and almost straight, from grayish to blue-green, sometimes with light wooly fuzz, and have curly hairs and edges that are rolled upward. They are from  long. Leaves are attached either to the base of the plant or along the upright stems that bear the heads of seeds.

Inflorescence and fruit
The inflorescence is a series of hairy or brush-like rectangular spikelets, occur in clusters of three, between . The grass produces relatively few viable seeds and spreads mostly by its tillers and sometimes via rhizomes. The inflorescence stalk persists after the seeds drop, sticking out of the clump of leaf blades like stiff, wavy wires.

It blooms between December and January according to some sources, from May to June in the Mojave Desert according to others, and from February through June in the Mohave Desert according to others. The variation may result from a paucity of information on germination characteristics (as of 2014).

Seedlings rarely become established. The head of seeds is a spike of seeds with much chaff.

Spikes are  long.

Ecology
The hummocky, clumpy form of the grass helps it stabilize loose and blowing sand when it grows in desert dune habitat. It acts as a nurse plant to seedlings of other species, such as cholla and barrel cactus, in turn receiving protection from herbivory by growing next to the spiny plants. It is not palatable to elk and waterfowl.

Associated plant species include Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), Ambrosia dumosa (white bursage), Coleogyne ramosissima (blackbrush), Yucca brevifolia (joshua trees), Yucca species, Krameria erecta (range ratany), Krascheninnikovia (winterfat), Encelia farinosa (brittle bush), Ephedra species, Lycium andersonii (wolfberry), and Sphaeralcea (globemallow).

Uses
Big galleta is heavily grazed and is valuable as a fair to good forage crop for sheep and cattle. Botanist Philip A. Munz commented that "it is said to be one of the most valuable forage grasses of the desert". It resprouts after grazing followed by rains, and coarseness and clumping help protect it from trampling.

It is used for erosion control and in revegetation efforts.

References

External links
CalFlora Database: Hilaria rigida (big galleta)
Jepson eFlora–TJM2 — Hilaria rigida
Grass Manual Treatment for ''Hilaria rigida
USDA Plants Profile for Pleuraphis rigida (big galleta)
Hilaria rigida — U.C. Photo gallery

Chloridoideae
Grasses of Mexico
Grasses of the United States
Native grasses of California
Flora of Arizona
Flora of Nevada
Flora of New Mexico
Flora of Northwestern Mexico
Flora of Sonora
Flora of Utah
Flora of the California desert regions
Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Colorado Desert
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Taxa named by George Bentham
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 Official Album is a compilation album that was released on 20 June 2014. It features songs written and selected for the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon.

Track listing

CD1
"We Are the Champions" (2011 Remaster) – Queen
"Moves like Jagger" – Maroon 5 featuring Christina Aguilera
"Applause" – Lady Gaga
"Roar" – Katy Perry
"We Are Golden" – Mika
"I Could Be the One" – Avicii vs. Nicky Romero
"Spectrum" – Zedd featuring Matthew Koma
"Burn" – Ellie Goulding
"Safe and Sound" – Capital Cities
"The Phoenix" – Fall Out Boy
"I Gotta Feeling" – The Black Eyed Peas
"Shine" – Take That
"Tubthumping" – Chumbawamba
"The Winner Takes It All" – ABBA
"Chariots of Fire" – Vangelis

CD2
"Hymm" – OCA
"Only One" (The Incheon Asiad song) – JYJ (South Korea)
"The Holy Sound of Love" – Sa Dingding (China)
"Hen Hen 狠狠" – Kary Ng (Hong Kong)
"Celebrate" – Apache Indian featuring Raghav (India)
"Victory" – Andra and The BackBone (Indonesia)
"Spending All My Time" – Perfume (Japan)
"Gemilang" – Ella (Malaysia)
"Paradise" – Sabrina (Philippines)
"Yi Qi Wo Wo 一起喔喔" – Sodagreen (Taiwan)
"Ter Mai Dai Yu Kon Deaw Bon Lok Nee" – King Pichet (Thailand)

Charts

References

2014 Asian Games
2014 compilation albums
Sports compilation albums
Universal Music Group compilation albums
Asian Games compilation albums