title: İlhan Erşahin

text:
İlhan Erşahin is a Swedish–Turkish musician and bar owner, raised in Stockholm and based in New York City since 1990. As a musician, Ersahin has performed and recorded with various musicians as well as his own projects/bands, Wax Poetic, Love Trio, Our Theory,  I Led Three Lives, Wonderland and Istanbul Sessions.

Most of those bands formed or sparked because of Nublu, the club he opened on Avenue C in Manhattan's Lower East Side in 2002. The club was then on the cusp of intensive gentrification. It became a hub for musicians and DJs. Being a club in Manhattan, the music of Africa, the Caribbean and Brazil also became part of the Nublu mix, and the club became well known for its Wednesday night Forro in the Dark Brazilian sessions. Key to the scene was the creator of Conduction, Butch Morris, long a downtown fixture. Ersahin became part of different Morris projects in the late 90s. When Nublu began, they devised a new project that would apply Morris's Conduction methods to the Nublu sensibility. The result was a new direction for Morris; within the context of The Nublu Orchestra he began incorporating more beats and electronica into his sound. The ensemble became a big part of the club's identity.

Background
Ersahin's family were not musicians, but Stockholm is a long-established jazz and music center and his elder brother and sisters brought home records that exposed him to the music of his generation, from rock to jazz to bossa nova and world music. When he was 14, Ersahin bought a reggae compilation album featuring the work of pioneering Jamaican DJ/toaster, U-Roy. The thrill of the sound confirmed his direction as a musician. This early passion led to Ersahin eventually recording with U Roy, on the Love Trio in Dub album. Throughout his teens, Ersahin expanded his musical horizons, turning on to the more marginal sounds of punk, hiphop, reggae and dub. As Ersahin began to teach himself to play saxophone in his teens, he knew that in order to accomplish his dreams, he had to move to the United States.

In the United States
Arriving in the United States in his late teens, he enrolled briefly at Berklee School of Music in Boston in 1986. But his urge to be actively involved in music outweighed the importance of a degree. By the early 1990s, Ersahin was living in the East Village, then still a hub of underground creativity. During his first ten years in the city, Ersahin studied with sax masters Joe Lovano and John Purcell, and honed his jazz skills playing at various clubs with musicians like legendary trumpeter Eddie Henderson, Larry Grenadier, Wallace Rooney, Kevin Hays, Ben Allison, Jeff Ballard, Cindy Blackman and many more.

Throughout the decade, Ersahin worked at the jazz club Sweet Basil, where he formed a band that played for Sunday brunch. Ersahin gained experience by leading both a trio and a quartet at Sweet Basil and began performing in international jazz festivals. In 2002, Ersahin opened the Club Nublu on Avenue C. Nublu is regarded as the last hold-out of the free-wheeling spirit that the Lower East Side was known for, pre-gentrification. More than simply a club, it has become known round the world as a workshop and breeding-ground for musicians interested in trans-cultural, uncharted and multi-disciplinary music.

Bands and albums
While performing his Saturday brunch sets at Sweet Basil, performing modern jazz, Ersahin attracted the attention of a small independent label in San Francisco called Golden Horn and recorded two albums for them. His first record was called "Our Song," (1997) and featured Eddie Henderson, Doug Weiss, Jon Davis and Kenny Wollesen. ("Our Song" was originally released in Turkey as "She Said.") Ersahin's second release, "Home," (1998) was a trio album featuring bassist Larry Grenadier and drummer Kenny Wollesen. His sound was described by critics as "post-bop," and he was praised for his original compositions.

But the cosmopolitan, edgy ambiance of late 1990s New York was re-orienting Ersahin's creativity. The year 2000 marked a pivotal shift in his approach to music as he released two albums with a new approach. On "Virgo," he worked with voice and words in a new way, by adding the political hip-hop poet, Saul Williams to the mix of drummer Brian Blade, pianist Jon Davis, bass player Larry Grenadier and Val Jeanty, a vocalist and electronic sample player. In late 1990, the first phase of what would become a long-running project, "Wax Poetic," was also released on a deal with Atlantic Records. The band had developed playing at Lower East Side after-hours joints, notably the long-running Save the Robots on Avenue B. The first Wax Poetic album showcased Ersahin's new direction, featuring spoken word and trip hop techniques. Norah Jones was the band's lead singer for two years and her first released recorded song was "Angels," on Wax Poetic's first self-titled record. Initially released on Atlantic Records in 2000, it was re-issued on Nublu Records in 2013. Other musicians on that record were Arto Tuncboyaciyan, Marlon Browden, Eddie Henderson, Kurt Rosenwinkel and Guyora Kats. Its sound is a snapshot of downtown NYC at that time, and the video features the band in iconic Lower East Side locations such as Tompkins Square Park.

Released two years after the opening of the Nublu club, "Wax Poetic Nublu Sessions," 2004, was equally a time capsule of the excitement and spontaneous energy of the club's live shows and legendary jams. This incarnation of Wax Poetic had a strong spread of voices, including Norah Jones, soul-jazz diva, N'Dea Davenport, Saul Williams, Marla Turner, and Turkish singer Nil Karaibrahimgil.

Ersahin delved more specifically into the modal textures of Turkish music in his atmospheric album "Harikalar Diyari (Wonderland)" in 2002. Wonderland also features the sound of Hüsnü Şenlendirici, a third generation Turkish clarinet virtuoso. This record was a particularly important release in Turkey, as it featured four then unknown up and coming artists who went on to become famous: Hüsnü Şenlendirici and vocalists Nil Karaibrahimgil, Bora Uzer and Dilara Sakpinar, who was 14 at the time of the recording. Its blend of traditional 'world music' with electronica and dance beats, was new in Turkey and made the record extremely successful and influential.

To capture the sound of his creative Nublu community, Ersahin founded Nublu Records in 2005. Among their first releases were three releases under the name Wax Poetic; however, in that period, the band was not active and Ersahin adopted the name for his experiments with local musicians in different countries. The result was a conceptual trilogy: "Copenhagen" (2006), "Brasil" (2007) and "Istanbul"(2007.)

The next Wax Poetic release, "On A Ride," (2012) was an encounter between Ersahin and Swedish pop producer Klas Wikberg. In 2013, Wax Poetic released "Tonight," an album of remixes by Nouvelle Vague and Rob Garza from Thievery Corporation; and Ersahin started yet another version of Wax Poetic, working with producer Gus Oberg, who produced the last two albums by the band, The Strokes.

Many more projects emerged from Nublu Club's creative crucible. Ersahin released two albums as part of the Love Trio, together with Californian bassist Jesse Murphy (who went on to play with The Brazilian Girls,) and drummer Kenny Wollesen who plays with Tom Waits and John Zorn, among many others. The improvisational trio gave Ersahin the opportunity to explore his roots in reggae and dub, along with turntablism and the new electronica, which dub had inspired in a generation, mixed with dance music. They released two albums on Nublu Records, "Love Trio" (2003) featuring contributions from Ersahin's longtime partner, legendary trumpeter Eddie Henderson, vocalist Marla Turner, Kenny Wollesen, Brazilian Girls bass player Jesse Murphy and DJ Logic; and "Love Trio in Dub with U-Roy," (2006.) The voices of The Brazilian Girls' Sabina Sciubba and Marla Turner are featured on this album as well.

Also in 2006, Ersahin played in and produced the Nublu Orchestra album under the direction of Butch Morris, the presiding genius of Nublu. As Morris resided on nearby East 7th Street, Nublu became not just a welcoming but a convenient laboratory for the creator of the Conduction sound. From the club's opening until his death a decade later, Nublu was the creative home base from which Morris was able to spread Conduction globally.

Adding to a busy 2006, Ersahin also launched another project, Our Theory. Ersahin described the Our Theory sound to All About Jazz magazine as "Nu-Jazz." The group began when Ersahin met French trumpeter, Erik Truffaz on the road. Deciding to record a few sessions together, they formed Our Theory with Matt Penman, a young bass player from New Zealand; at the time Wax Poetic's guitarist and drummer, Thor Madsen and Jochen Rueckert, the latter also an accomplished electronica man. Their experimental, ambient jazz self-titled album on Nublu Records was improvised and recorded in the studio over a period of two days; then Ersahin and Madsen cut and pasted the tapes over the next two years.

"Thinking About You," a track Ersahin co-wrote with Norah Jones, came out on her 2007 album, "Not Too Late." He also wrote the score for a BBC/Swedish TV documentary on Nobel Prize winner, Turkish Orhan Pamuk, in 2008.

In 2009, Ersahin composed the soundtrack for director Fatih Akin's section in the movie "New York, I Love You," a compilation of eleven director's segments on the city. Also in 2009, Ersahin helped form I Led Three Lives, a trio in which he played saxophone and keyboards together with drummer Jochen Rueckert and bass player Juini Booth of Tony Williams and the Sun Ra Arkestra, all regulars at the Nublu club. The trio formed as a result of many late-night jam sessions at Nublu. Their track, "House of Ahmet," from the album, "Peace Now,"(2008) was selected as Song of the Day by Washington University's WKEXP who described "the album's range of sounds – electronica, techno, jazz, funk, blues, hip hop, house, and even psychedelia – and its ability to slash through any preconceived genre restrictions and examine how far these established stylistic ranges can be pushed."

Ersahin's next two releases both revisited musical terrain he had explored with Wax Poetic. For the first time, Ersahin chose to include himself in the group's name, calling his even more personal tribute to the city he loved, "Ilhan Ersahin's Istanbul Sessions." For a 2009 art event being held in that city, Ersahin formed Istanbul Sessions with local players bassist Alp Ersonmez, drummer Turgut Alp Bekoglu, and percussionist Izzet Kizil. The one-off combo was so well received that they toured Europe and played in America and recorded an album the following year that reunited Ersahin with French trumpeter, Erik Truffaz. Istanbul Session' next release, "Night Rider," (2011) blended a cosmopolitan electro feel with its improvised jazz. Le Monde said, "Hear this! Jazz has changed form." Jazzwise Magazine described Istanbul Sessions as "...a highly distinctive new sound that connects the dense modal funk of Miles Davis' Agartha group with the dervish whirl of Turkish and middle-eastern melodies and spikes it with a potent shot of dub electronics." Writer Eli Dvorkin of Flavorwire saw Istanbul Sessions perform in Istanbul and described what he called a quintessential hometown gig: "A sold-out crowd at Babylon, one of Istanbul's best live-music clubs. The rapturous response from the hometown crowd, which eventually spilled out onto the narrow streets and ancient cobblestones of the Beyoglu neighborhood, elevated the show to a plane somewhere above an ordinary Saturday night." Such projects led to Ersahin being described as "the driving force behind the new Turkish jazz," by world music site, Gladys Palmera. Istanbul Sessions performed in Turkey at the 2012 Jazz in Ramadan festival and at 2013's Babylon Soundgarden Festival.

Next in his homages to his urban inspirations came "Ilhan Ersahin's Afternoons in Rio" (2011). This time round, he assembled a group of mostly local Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro musicians including Mamelo Sound System's Lurdez da Luz and Rodrigo Brandao, Thalma de Freitas, Junio Barreto, China, Kassin, Fernando Catatau and Nina Becker. The website Sounds and Colors described it as "a certain style of music that is becoming more and more prevalent in Sao Paulo (i.e. the noirish-take on samba perfected by CéU), as well as showing musical links between New York and Sao Paulo and allowing for a number of very talented Brazilian musicians to get their chance to shine outside of their country."

Ersahin's horn has become identified with a modal style of jazz, combining the influence of the cool Nordic sound to the minor-key strains of Istanbul and the quirky funk of the East Village, Manhattan. Continuing his work as a songwriter with Brazilian links, in 2011 Ersahin co-wrote a track called "Six Minutos," with Brazilian vocalist Otto for his album, "Certa Manha Acordei de Sonhos Intranquilos." In 2012 Ersahin also co-wrote the song " Like This," with top Brazilian singer, Tulipa Ruiz.
Although Ersahin has performed at many of the world's largest concert halls, his affinity for the boho soul of jazz is evident in the videos posted to YouTube of him jamming by the Bosphorus.

Nublu Club
When Ilhan Ersahin opened the Nublu Club in 2002, it captured the budding synergy between hiphop turntablists, the avant-garde jazzers who were still in the Lower East Side, and DJ's and players from Europe, Jamaica, Africa and Brazil. Nublu's jam sessions captured the freewheeling rivalry of cutting sessions at clubs like the legendary Minton's Playhouse's in the bebop era of the 1940s. The club's hipness was underlined by the single blue light outside the door and lack of a name signboard, giving the club the feel of a secret speakeasy adventure. Bands and DJ's performed in the middle of the club, among the audience, giving it the ambiance of an underground event. Its authenticity made Nublu a safe zone for artists, has seen many stars drop in over the years like the late Lou Reed, Caetano Veloso, David Byrne, Gilberto Gil, Bebel Gilberto, Kevin Spacey, and many more. The club's commitment to integrating turntablism into live action prompted Moby to tell XLR8R magazine in 2008 that he "had more fun DJing records for 75 people at Nublu than going on tour and performing in front of 10,000 people a night." Butch Morris held a residency there from the club's opening until his death in 2013 and led the Nublu Orchestra.

Nublu records
The intense creativity that revolved around the Nublu club prompted Ersahin to start a Nublu label in 2005 as a platform for his own groups and those of his fellow players who made the club their home from home. Artists on Nublu Records include Ersahin's bands, Love Trio, Our Theory, Istanbul Sessions, I Led Three Lives, Wonderland and Wax Poetic; electronic dance-pop acts Hess Is More, aka Danish musician Michael Hess, praised by WNYC.com for his cinematic sensibility, and Kudu, the edgy Brooklyn-based trio; Turkish DJ Baris K; Brazilian band 3 Na Massa, Brazilian singer Otto and Calibro 35 from Milan, Italy.

Festivals
Ersahin has been actively involved in promoting festivals from his earliest days in New York. He directed Istanbul's Akbank Jazz Festival and the Istanbul International Jazz Festival jam sessions for four years in a row, starting in 1996. There, he jammed alongside the likes of Sam Rivers, John Zorn, Dave Douglas, Roy Hargrove, Marcus Miller, Nicolas Payton and many more. The Nublu Jazz festival first came to be in 2009 and is now a yearly event in New York City, Sao Paulo and Istanbul. The Sun Ra Arkestra, Robert Glasper, Junip, Erik Truffaz, Roy Ayers, Bugge Wesseltoft, Tulipa Ruiz, Mark Turner, Graham Haynes and Adam Rudolph are among the many who have attended the Festivals so far. Ersahin told the French newspaper Liberation, who hailed him as the King of Manhattan's downtown, "Istanbul reminds me a lot of New York and Sao Paulo. Young people go out all the time and there are lots of interesting places to go."

References

Living people
Musicians from Stockholm
Swedish composers
Swedish male composers
Swedish people of Turkish descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Turkish jazz musicians


title: Silsilah ye Koh e Hindukush

text:
Devon Koh-e Hindukush () is a mountain of Hindu Kush in Parwan Province near Baghlan, Afghanistan.

References

Mountain passes of Afghanistan
Landforms of Parwan Province


title: Danica d'Hondt

text:
Danica d'Hondt (born 29 May 1939) is an English-Canadian actress, writer and businesswoman. She was a winner of the Miss Canada pageant in 1958 and has worked in American television and film, and theater productions in the San Francisco area.

Biography
d'Hondt was born in London, England, of an Irish mother and a Belgian father. She is the sister of Canadian Olympic Gold Medalist Walter D'Hondt, the mother of actress America Olivo, the aunt of athlete Gillian d'Hondt, and mother-in-law of actors Christian Campbell and Jason Brooks.

D'Hondt began her career at the age of nine by appearing in a movie at Shepperton Studios in England. She worked in radio, TV and on stage in Canada, where her family emigrated while she was still in school. She graduated from high school in Montreal, and returned to England after attending the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. She worked as a stage actress in London, also performing in radio and TV dramas for the BBC, and then relocated to Toronto, Canada, where she became a CBC-TV game show personality and a talk show host at an early age. She also appeared on TV shows out of New York City, and in summer stock theatre in New York and Illinois. She starred with comic Harvey Korman in Living Venus (1961), a film shot in Chicago in 1960.

D'Hondt's Hollywood career spans the years from 1960 to 1990, during which time she starred in "B" movies, played supporting roles in major Hollywood movies, and performed guest-starring roles on TV shows of the time as The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964); The Wild Wild West (1965); Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1964); and Tarzan (1966). She turned down the role of "Ginger" in Gilligan's Island (1964) because production stalled, which prevented her from doing other films.

She left Hollywood from 1966 to 1971, during which time she worked as a theatre director in the San Francisco Bay Area, where she also wrote for a magazine, produced educational films and taught acting at her own school, "The Actor's Lab", on Sacramento Street.

Upon her return to Hollywood in 1971, she directed several stage productions, worked as a writer and associate producer in film and television, and did a stint as a television journalist, becoming the Consumer and Financial Reporter to a syndicated daytime magazine show called "Breakaway".

She relocated to Northern California in the 1990s, became active in real estate investing and had two non-fiction books published.

D'Hondt is married to businessman and winemaker Nello Olivo, and they have six children together. The couple lives on a vineyard in the Sierra Foothills, where she writes, teaches, and helps tend their vineyard. The couple also owns a large restaurant and banquet facility in Placerville, California, named "Sequoia".

Filmography
1971: A Step Out of Line ... Doreen
1966: Unkissed Bride ... Dr. Marilyn Richards
1966: Tarzan ... Maggie Calloway
1965: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea ... Lola Hale
1965: The Wild Wild West ... Roxanne
1965: A Very Special Favor ... Jacqueline
1965: The Man from U.N.C.L.E. ... Lucia Nazarone
1965: Valentine's Day ... Donna
1964: The Cara Williams Show ... Constance (episode "Cara, Girl Genius")
1964: A House Is Not a Home ... Vicki
1964: Bedtime Story ... Miss Knudsen
1964: Wild and Wonderful ... Monique
1964: Mr. Smith Goes to Washington ... Diana
1962: I'm Dickens, He's Fenster ... Dianne
1961: Living Venus ... Peggy Brandon

References

Notes

Sources & further reading

External links

 movies.yahoo.com

1939 births
Living people
Actresses from London
British real estate businesspeople
Canadian beauty pageant winners
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian film actresses
Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian people of Belgian descent
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian real estate businesspeople
Canadian restaurateurs
Women restaurateurs
Canadian theatre directors
Canadian women theatre directors
Canadian winemakers
English beauty pageant winners
English film actresses
English non-fiction writers
English people of Belgian descent
English people of Irish descent
English restaurateurs
English stage actresses
English theatre directors
British women theatre directors
English winemakers
English emigrants to Canada
English expatriates in the United States
Miss Canada winners
Miss World 1960 delegates
University of British Columbia alumni
20th-century English women
20th-century English people


title: Moamen Zakaria

text:
Moamen Zakaria Abbas Eldawy (; born 12 April 1988) is an Egyptian former professional footballer who plays as a winger. In 2020, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

In May 2022, former international teammate Mo Salah invited Zakaria to be part of Liverpool's celebrations after winning the 2022 FA Cup Final.

Honours
Zamalek
 Egyptian Premier League: 2014–15
 Egypt Cup: 2012–13, 2013–14
Al Ahly
 Egyptian Premier League: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19,
 Egypt Cup: 2016–17
 Egyptian Super Cup: 2015, 2017

References

External links

 Eurosport: Moamen Zakaria

1988 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
People from Sohag Governorate
Egypt men's international footballers
Al Masry SC players
Zamalek SC players
Al Ahly SC players
Egyptian Premier League players
Men's association football forwards
Al-Ahli Saudi FC players
Ohod Club players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Egyptian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Pro League players
People with motor neuron disease


title: Ernest Edwin Williams

text:
Ernest Edwin Williams (24 August 1866 – 20 March 1935) was a Welsh journalist, author and barrister.

The son of the solicitor George Edwin Williams, Ernest Williams was educated privately and at North London College School. He became a private secretary to a Liberal MP before travelling to North America to perform clerical work on ranches.

Upon returning to England he joined the Fabian Society (in March 1891), being at this time a socialist. During the next two years he was a speaker for the Society in London and in April 1893 he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Society. However he dissented from the majority of the Committee in that he supported the proposal for the Society to unite with the Social Democratic Federation and the Socialist League. He therefore resigned from the Committee in July 1894.

Career in journalism
He became a journalist and in 1895 was asked by William Heinemann to investigate the threat to British industry from German competition. Williams wrote a series of articles for the New Review which were published in 1896 as ‘Made in Germany’. In this work he advocated protectionism and spoke to the Fabian Society on ‘Socialism and Protection’ but failed to convert them. In 1897 he wrote The German Menace and its English Apologists and Marching Backwards in reply to the arguments of free trade politicians.

In 1898 he became a leader write for the Daily Mail. He attacked Lord Curzon, a friend of the wife of the owner of the Daily Mail, and so was forced to resign. During 1899–1904 he wrote leading articles for the Financial News and protectionist articles for the Daily Express.

In 1903 the journal Commercial Intelligence commissioned Williams and Harold Cox to write a "fiscal duel" on free trade.

In later life Williams abandoned socialism, becoming a liberal individualist and chairman of The Freedom Association and a member of the executive of the Anti-Socialist Union. However with the Great Depression causing mass unemployment, Williams in 1930 wrote an unpublished manuscript advocating "Socialism without the state".

Williams also studied law, being called to the Bar as a member of the Inner Temple on 17 November 1905 as a barrister.

Works
‘Made in Germany’ (1896).
The German Menace and its English Apologists (1897).
Marching Backwards (1897).
The Foreigner in the Farmyard (1897).
The Red Light: A Commentary on Mr. J. H. Thomas's ‘When Labour Rules’ (1921).

Notes

1866 births
1935 deaths
Members of the Fabian Society
Welsh journalists
Welsh barristers


title: 1976 Laurence Olivier Awards

text:
The 1976 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in December 1976, at the Café Royal in London. They were the first major award ceremony celebrating excellence in West End theatre from the Society of West End Theatre, which would change its name to the Society of London Theatre in 1984the same year the awards would be renamed the Laurence Olivier Awards.

Winners and nominees
Details of winners (in bold) and nominees, in each award category, per the Society of London Theatre.

{| class=wikitable style="width="100%"
|-
! width="50%" | Play of the Year
! width="50%" | Musical of the Year
|-
| valign="top" |
 Dear Daddy by Denis Cannan – Ambassadors
 For King and Country by John Wilson – Mermaid
 Funny Peculiar by Mike Stott – Garrick
 Old World by Aleksei Arbuzov, adapted by Ariadne Nicolaeff – RSC at the Aldwych
| valign="top" |
 A Chorus Line – Theatre Royal, Drury Lane
 Ipi Tombi – Her Majesty's
 Side by Side by Sondheim – Wyndham's
 Very Good Eddie – Piccadilly
|-
! colspan=1| Comedy of the Year
|-
|
 Donkeys' Years by Michael Frayn – Globe
 The Bed Before Yesterday by Ben Travers – Lyric
 Confusions by Alan Ayckbourn – Apollo
 Funny Peculiar by Mike Stott – Garrick
|-
! style="width="50%" | Actor of the Year in a New Play
! style="width="50%" | Actress of the Year in a New Play
|-
| valign="top" |
 Paul Copley as Private Hamp in For King and Country – Mermaid
 Richard Beckinsale as Trevor Tinsley in Funny Peculiar – Garrick
 Frank Finlay as Ben Prosser in Watch It Come Down and as Josef Frank in Weapons of Happiness – National Theatre
 Alec McCowen as Ben Musgrave in The Family Dance – Criterion
| valign="top" |
 Peggy Ashcroft as Lidya Vasilyevna in Old World – RSC at the Aldwych
 Pauline Collins as Belinda Trehern in Engaged – National Theatre
 Penelope Keith as Lady Driver in Donkeys' Years – Globe
 Joan Plowright as Alma in The Bed Before Yesterday – Lyric
|-
! style="width="50%" | Actor of the Year in a Revival
! style="width="50%" | Actress of the Year in a Revival
|-
| valign="top" |
 Alan Howard as Prince Hal/King Henry V in Henry IV and Henry V – RSC at the Aldwych
 Tom Conti as Don Juan in Don Juan and as Dick Dudgeon in The Devil's Disciple – RSC at the Aldwych
 Albert Finney as Prince Hamlet in Hamlet and as Tamburlaine in Tamburlaine the Great – National Theatre
 Emrys James as King Henry IV in Henry IV and as Chorus Henry V – RSC at the Aldwych| valign="top" |
 Dorothy Tutin as Natalya Petrovna in A Month in the Country – Albery Susan Fleetwood as Ophelia in Hamlet, as Zenocrate in Tamburlaine the Great and as Margaret Flaherty in The Playboy of the Western World – National Theatre
 Geraldine McEwan as Maria Wislack in On Approval – Theatre Royal Haymarket
 Googie Withers as Lady Chiltern in An Ideal Husband and as Madame Lyubov Andreievna Ranevskaya in The Cherry Orchard
|-
! colspan=1| Comedy Performance of the Year
|-
|
 Penelope Keith as Lady Driver in Donkeys' Years – Globe Peter Barkworth as Edward VIII in Crown Matrimonial – Theatre Royal Haymarket
 Richard Beckinsale as Trevor Tinsley in Funny Peculiar – Garrick
 Geraldine McEwan as Performer in Oh, Coward! – Criterion
|-
! colspan=1| Supporting Artist of the Year
|-
|
 Margaret Courtenay as Mrs Railton-Bell in Separate Tables – Apollo Bill Fraser as The Photographer in M. Perrichon's Travels, as Lord Porteous in The Circle, as Admiral Lord Radstock in The Fool and as Sir Toby Belch in Twelfth Night – Theatre Royal Haymarket
 Trevor Peacock as Ned Poins in Henry IV and as Sir Hugh Evans in The Merry Wives of Windsor – RSC at the Aldwych
 André van Gyseghem as Baron Tito Belcredi in Henry IV and as Polonius in Hamlet – RSC at the Aldwych
|-
! colspan=1| Director of the Year
|-
|
 Jonathan Miller for Three Sisters – Cambridge Alan Ayckbourn for Confusions, Shakespeare's People and Yahoo – Apollo
 Buzz Goodbody for King Lear and Occupations
 Terry Hands for Old World, Henry IV and Henry V – RSC at the Aldwych
|-
! colspan=1| Designer of the Year
|-
|
 Abd'Elkader Farrah for Henry IV and Henry V – RSC at the Aldwych Eileen Diss for The Family Dance – Criterion
 Ralph Koltai for Old World and Wild Oats – RSC at the Aldwych
 Alan Tagg for Confusions – Apollo, Donkeys' Years – Globe and Same Time, Next Year – Prince of Wales
|-
! colspan=1| Society Special Award
|-
|
 Save London's Theatres Campaign'|}

Productions with multiple nominations and awards
The following 12 productions received multiple nominations:

 6: Henry IV 5: Henry V 4: Donkeys' Years, Funny Peculiar and Old World 3: Confusions and Hamlet 2: For King and Country, Tamburlaine the Great, The Bed Before Yesterday and The Family DanceThe following three productions received multiple awards:

 2: Donkeys' Years, Henry IV and Henry V''

See also
 30th Tony Awards

References

External links
 Previous Olivier Winners – 1976

Laurence Olivier Awards ceremonies
Laurence Olivier Awards, 1976
1976 in London
December 1976 events in the United Kingdom
1976 awards in the United States


title: Island grammar

text:
An island grammar is a grammar that only describes a small chunk of the underlying language. It is used in language parsing in situations where there is no requirement for checking the entire syntax of a provided text. Island grammars can be extended with the use of a bridge grammar.

References

Parsing


title: Zombie in a Penguin Suit

text:
Zombie in a Penguin Suit is a 2011 American short film directed by Chris Russell.

Plot
The short film follows the path of an employee at the New England Aquarium dressed as a penguin that had become a zombie during the zombie apocalypse. He walks across long stretches of land, including a city street and a forest, and ends up in a suburban neighborhood where he is supposedly shot by someone who is surviving there. As the credits roll, a video plays of the aquarium worker before the zombie outbreak.

Cast
 Michael Wetherbee as the Zombie
 Dave Meegan as the Trucker

During the credits, a list of names of the extras who portrayed other zombies in the film is given, stating: "Featuring a cornucopia of things living and/or dead, as portrayed by..."

Reception
The short film was generally well received by viewers and was one of Film School Rejects' "11 Best Short Films of 2011". Gazelle Emami of The Huffington Post wrote that "by the end, it kind of makes you want to hug a zombie." Cyriaque Lamar of io9 said that "it will definitely make you sympathize with the ambulating vitality-deprived."  Joe Berkowitz of Fast Company described it as an "oddly affecting take on a familiar genre."

References

External links
 Zombie in a Penguin Suit Website

2011 films
American horror short films
Zombie short films
Films set in Boston
2010s American films


title: Scleria amazonica

text:
Scleria amazonica is a plant species native to the State of Amazonas in southern Venezuela.

Scleria amazonica is a perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stem is triangular in cross-section, up to 120 cm tall. Leaves are up to 45 cm long, with a V-shaped ligule of dense hairs. Inflorescences unisexual, in a paniculate arrangement, up to 46 cm long. Achenes have a course network of raised decorations on the surface.

References

amazonica
Endemic flora of Venezuela
Plants described in 1997


title: Orfeó Català

text:
The Orfeó Català is a choral society based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, which was founded in 1891 by Lluís Millet and Amadeu Vives.

The Palau de la Música Catalana, a major Barcelona landmark, was commissioned for the choral society in 1904, and completed in 1908.

References

External links

Spanish choirs
Culture in Barcelona
Musical groups from Catalonia
1891 establishments in Spain
Musical groups established in 1891


title: Domaine Harmand Geoffroy

text:
Harmand Geoffroy is a grower producing Gevrey-Chambertin wine in the Côte-d'Or region of France.

The red wine—a Burgundy—is made mostly from Pinot Noir grapes although small amounts of other grapes are allowed.

Their "Clos Prieur" is one of Chambertin's Premier Crus; they also produce a "Vielles Vignes"; an "En Jouise" and an untitled Gevrey-Chambertin wine.

References

Burgundy (historical region) wine producers
Côte-d'Or


title: Agnes Abuom

text:
Agnes Regina Murei Abuom (1949 – 31 May 2023) was a Kenyan Christian organisational worker who served as moderator of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches (WCC) since 2013. She was the first woman and the first African to hold this post.  She represented the Anglican Church of Kenya.

Early life
Born in Nandi Hills to a family of six children and a mother who worked with community development, Abuom was educated at mission schools first in her local area and later at a boarding school run by missionaries. She went to high school near Nairobi and then undertook studies at University of Nairobi.

Career
Abuom became involved with the World Council of Churches when the WCC's assembly was held in Nairobi in 1975. She also was involved in student organizations and politics – the latter causing controversies that led her to leave Kenya for Sweden in 1976. She learned Swedish and earned a degree in education. After two years as a youth worker for WCC in Geneva, she returned to Sweden and earned a doctorate in missiology with the thesis "The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development". She later worked with refugee issues for WCC in Sudan and worked two years in Zimbabwe as a tutor.

Returning to Kenya in 1989, Abuom was imprisoned for her opposition to President Daniel Arap Moi. She went on to work for the Anglican Church of Kenya, mostly with national development issues, and from 1991 with a civic education program.

Abuom became African president for the WCC in 1999 and served until 2006. She also worked with All Africa Conference of Churches, African Council of Religious Leaders (ACRL) / Religions for Peace, and National Council of Churches of Kenya. She was involved in ecumenical work and peace-building efforts in the Horn of Africa and other places.

Abuom was one of the Directors of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants, which was established in 1997 and focuses on consultant work for civil society organisations and aid organisations.

Moderator of WCC
In November 2013, Abuom was unanimously elected moderator of the WCC Central Committee at the organisation's assembly in  Busan, South Korea. She was the first woman and the first African to hold that position.

Personal life and death
Abuom had two daughters; her husband died in July 2014.

Abuom died on 31 May 2023, at the age of 73.

Honours
In 2017, she was awarded the Lambeth Cross for Ecumenism by the Archbishop of Canterbury "for her exceptional contribution to the Ecumenical Movement, for her work with the World Council of Churches and currently its Moderator". In 2019, Abuom received the National Council of Churches' s President’s Award for Excellence in Faithful Leadership. The award announcement stated that she was being recognized for "exceptional, risk-taking leadership."  She also received an honorary doctorate from VID Specialized University in Norway.

References

1949 births
2023 deaths
Kenyan Anglicans
People of the World Council of Churches
Protestant religious leaders
People from Nandi County


title: Museum of the City of San Francisco

text:
The Museum of the City of San Francisco is a nonprofit museum containing a collection of historic artifacts related to San Francisco.  It was founded by Gladys Hansen, who was the city archivist of San Francisco. The executive director is Richard Hansen, Gladys's son.

History

The Museum of the City of San Francisco was founded in 1991 by Gladys Hansen, who had recently retired as the city archivist of San Francisco. It was recognized as the official historical museum of San Francisco by the Board of Supervisors in 1995. The museum had a small exhibit space at The Cannery (a former Del Monte fruit-canning plant that is now a shopping center) until 2000, when it lost its lease. It then had temporary exhibits at Pier 45 (near Fisherman's Wharf) and at San Francisco City Hall.

In February 2002, the Museum of the City of San Francisco merged with the San Francisco Historical Society to create the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society. San Francisco municipal government recognized the newly merged organization as the official historical museum of San Francisco, since it was the successor to the Museum of the City of San Francisco. One of the purposes of the merger of the two organizations was to put together a single proposal to renovate and operate the Old San Francisco Mint as a history museum, which ultimately did not succeed.

Notwithstanding the merger, the Museum of the City of San Francisco's website, operated directly by Gladys Hansen, remained independent and in 2003 renamed itself the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Hansen's personal research collection of artifacts from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake also remained in her possession. In 2013, it started partnering with the Bethlehem Shipyard Museum on exhibits, and it displayed some of its artifacts in the San Francisco History Museum, near Union Square.

In 2019, the Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco dropped "Virtual" from its name and reverted to its original name, after the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society dropped "Museum" from its name and reverted to its original name.

References

External links
Museum of the City of San Francisco

San Francisco
Failed museum proposals in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in San Francisco
History of San Francisco


title: History of Chinese Americans in Chicago

text:
The Chicago metropolitan area has an ethnic Chinese population. As of 2010, there are 43,228 Chinese Americans who live in Chicago, 1.6% of the city's population. This population includes native-born Chinese as well as immigrants from Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and also racially mixed Chinese.

History
In 1869 the first transcontinental railway was completed. By that time the first Chinese arrived in Chicago. Early immigrants from China to Chicago came from the lower classes and lower middle classes. The earliest immigrants were Cantonese. In 1874 the Chinese managed one tea shop and 18 laundry businesses in central Chicago. The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act passed by the U.S. Congress restricted Chinese immigration and restricted freedom of travel for existing Chinese, forcing those in Chicago to stay put. At that time some Chinese in Chicago were illegal immigrants. The Chinese Inspector of the Department of Labor deported illegal immigrants who were discovered. According to the 1900 U.S. Census, there were 1,462 Chinese in the city. Chuimei Ho and Soo Lon Moy of the Chinatown Museum Foundation wrote that "there must have been others who avoided government notice."

Some Chinese immigration began after the Chinese exclusion laws were repealed in 1943. During the 1950s the Chinese population grew from 3,000 to 6,000. Taiwanese and Hong Kong immigrants settled in Chicago in the 1950s and 1960s. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, a new wave of immigrants from the mainland came in the 1950s. The Mandarin-speaking people settled throughout Chicago and the suburbs instead of clustering in the Chinatown area. The 1965 Immigration Act further increased Chinese settlement, with a new wave coming from Mainland China.

By 1970 there were 12,000 Chinese in Chicago. After the Fall of Saigon in the 1970s, a wave of ethnic Chinese came from southeast Asia. A new Chinatown opened in Uptown during that decade, and many Southeast Asian refugees were attracted to this new Chinatown. According to the 1990 U.S. Census there were over 23,000 Chinese in the city of Chicago. In the 2000 U.S. Census there were almost 74,000 Chinese in the Chicago metropolitan area, with 34,000 of them in the City of Chicago.

Demographics
As of 1990 there were about 60,000 ethnic Chinese in the Chicago metropolitan area; of them, about 10,000 Chinese lived in Chinatown's business district and the area south of 26th Street.

As of 1995 almost 35,000 Chinese lived in Chicago, and 10,000 Chinese Americans lived in the area holding the Chinatown. The origins of ethnic Chinese Chicagoans include native-born Chinese as well as immigrants from Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, and also racially mixed Chinese. Around 1995 many new immigrants were from agricultural and blue collar working classes and from better educated professional classes.

 90% of the residents of Chinatown were ethnic Chinese.

Institutions
The Chinese American Museum of Chicago is in Chinatown.
Chinese American Service League is in Chinatown, Chicago.

Media
As of 1995 Chicago had four daily Chinese newspapers. Chinese-Americans who were bilingual in Chinese and English or who knew English but did not know Chinese had a tendency to read English-language American newspapers. In 1995 there were no English-language Chinese-American newspapers that focus on Chinese-American issues in the Chicago area.

In 1983 a Mandarin-language television program opened on Channel 26. In 1989 a Chinese radio station named Global Communication was established.

Education
In 2003 there were 20 Chinese schools in the Chicago area. Around 2003 an increase in immigration and non-Chinese American parents sending adopted Chinese children to Chinese schools caused enrollment figures of Chinese schools in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago to increase.

Religion
Compared to Chinese in China, there is a higher proportion of Christians among the Chinese in Chicago. Chinese Christians operate their own missions. The Chinese Christian Union Church, an interdenominational church, has its main facility on Wentworth Avenue in Chicago and satellite facilities in the suburbs and in Bridgeport. Chinese Catholics, many of whom originate from Hong Kong and had converted to Christianity, attend the St. Marie Incoronata, an Italian Catholic church on Alexander Street. The St. Therese School, founded by the Maryknoll Sisters, was established for the Chinese community.

Christians in the United States attempted to convert Chinese from their native religions after the Chinese began arriving. The earliest recorded Chinese Baptist mission was one that opened on Clark Street, in the Chinese area, in 1878. In the early 20th century, of all cities, Chicago had the largest number of Chinese Sunday schools. In the South Side and West Side of Chicago, these smaller Chinese Sunday schools opened near laundry businesses operated by Chinese. By 1995 these Sunday schools ceased to exist. Franciscan priests and nuns established the first Catholic missions for Chinese people.

Notable residents
 John Chiang
 Ruth Ann Koesun
 Chow Leung
 Chloe Wang (Chloe Bennet)

References

Bibliography
 Ho, Chuimei and Soo Lon Moy (editors) for the Chinatown Museum Foundation. Chinese in Chicago, 1870-1945. Arcadia Publishing, 2005. , 9780738534442.
 Moy, Susan Lee. "The Chinese in Chicago: The First One Hundred Years" (Chapter 13) In: Holli, Melvin G. and Peter d'Alroy Jones (editors). Ethnic Chicago: A Multicultural Portrait. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995. , 9780802870537.

Further reading
 Fan, Tin-chiu. Chinese residents in Chicago. R and E Research Associates, 1974.
 Fan, Ting C. "Chinese Residents in Chicago." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago. 1926.
 Ling, Huping. Chinese Chicago: Race, Transnational Migration, and Community Since 1870. Stanford University Press, January 18, 2012. , 9780804783361.

External links
 Chinese Mutual Aid Association (CMAA, T: 華人互助會, S: 华人互助会, P: Huárén Hùzhù Huì)
 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of Chicago (CCBA, T: 美國芝城中華會館, S: 美国芝城中华会馆, P: Měiguó Zhī Chéng Zhōnghuá Huìguǎn)
 Chinese American Service League (CASL, T: 華人諮詢服務處, S: 华人谘询服务处, P: Huárén Zīxún Fúwù Chù)
 Organization of Chinese Americans (OCA) Chicago

Chinese
Chicago
Chinese-American history by location
Chinese
Chinese-American culture in Illinois
History of Chicago


title: Huntcliff School, Kirton in Lindsey

text:
Huntcliff School is a mixed secondary school located in Kirton in Lindsey, North Lincolnshire, England.

History
The school opened as Kirton Lindsey Secondary Modern School. John Rawlinson joined as headteacher in January 1955, after seven years at Shepton Mallet Secondary Modern School, being originally from Dagenham.
 The previous headteacher, Mr L Scott, moved to become head of the new Moulton County Modern School.

In 1958 it became the Kirton Huntcliff Secondary School.

Those children from Scawby and Hibaldstow would move to Westmoor Secondary School (became the Vale of Ancholme School, in 1976) at Brigg, when that school was built in September 1959. The early school in the 1950s had houses of Witham, Ancholme, and Trent and had been opened by the Lindsey Education Committee.

In the mid-1970s, around 60% of those at the school were non-grammar school children from villages such as Hemswell, Scotter, and Willoughton in West Lindsey. Lincolnshire was not joining the comprehensive system, as it was universally opposed in the rural areas of the county, so children in that part of West Lindsey would have to choose another secondary school.

Comprehensive
In September 1976, the school was enlarged to 620, when comprehensive education was introduced to the Brigg area. The new head would be Mr B Parkington, who had moved from Doncaster.

Lincolnshire Education Committee said that it could start going comprehensive by 'possibly 1995', led by the Chairman, Jean Wootton, of Horbling Hall. George Venables Cooke, who was the chief education officer, having been chief education officer of Lindsey from 1964, and given the CBE in the 1978 New Year Honours, had taken over from John Birkbeck, who had been there since 1936. Fred Rickard took over from George Cooke in September 1978. Today, people in North Lincolnshire, close to West Lindsey are patrons of grammar schools in the West Lindsey district.

It later became a community school administered by North Lincolnshire Council.  Huntcliff School was converted to academy status on 1 February 2012. However the school continues to coordinate with North Lincolnshire Council for admissions.

Curriculum
Huntcliff School teaches GCSEs, BTECs, OCR Nationals and vocational courses as programmes of study for pupils. Vocational courses are taught in conjunction with North Lindsey College.

Houses
The school utilises a vertical tutoring system, which places students from across all years into tutor groups, with the intention of the older students guiding the younger students through their schooling life.

The school has four houses, named after famous ships, however the names are also the names of arguably more famous NASA space programmes. They are:
 Atlantis
 Apollo
 Discovery
 Endeavour

Alumni
 Darren Bett, weather forecaster

References

External links
Huntcliff School official website

Secondary schools in the Borough of North Lincolnshire
Academies in the Borough of North Lincolnshire
Kirton in Lindsey


title: Arab Nationalist Guard

text:
The Arab Nationalist Guard () is a secular volunteer militia force operating in Syria. The group espouses an Arab nationalist ideology, gathering away from any sectarian, ethnic, or religious extremism. The Arab Nationalist Guard's membership includes nationalists from a variety of Arab countries.

History
Formed in April 2013 by pan-Arab volunteers to fight against "all Takfiri movements that aim to strike our unity and sow divisions between Arabs", the Arab Nationalist Guard bolstered the ranks of Bashar al-Assad's government amid the 2012–13 escalation of the Syrian Civil War. The group quickly started to closely cooperate with the Syrian National Defence Forces militia network. From late 2013 to early 2014, the Arab Nationalist Guard primarily fought in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, though was also present at other conflict zones in Aleppo Governorate, Deraa Governorate, and Homs Governorate. It was prominently involved in government offensives in Qalamoun at the time.

By 2017, the unit had taken up positions in Deraa city. It later fought in the Siege of Eastern Ghouta. In 2020, the Israeli Shin Bet security service arrested members of a purported Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine cell which had planned resistance attacks against Israeli targets and reportedly cooperated with the Arab Nationalist Guard and its civilian wing, the Arab Nationalist Youth. It was still operating in Damascus by early 2021.

Ideology
The group's ideology falls in line with Gamal Abdel Nasser's pan-Arab ideals (Nasserism), as well as with anti-Zionism and anti-imperialism. It claims to oppose "sectarian, ethnic, or religious extremism", and also supports an independent State of Palestine. In its imagery and textual output, the militia has emphasized Nasser, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, Hezbollah, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Bashar al-Assad as praiseworthy examples.

Organization
In its manifesto, the Arab Nationalist Guard stated that it included at least four units, namely the Wadie Haddad battalion, Haydar al-Amali battalion, Mohamed Brahmi battalion, and Jules Jammal battalion. The units' names are inspired by Arab politicians and martyrs who have led secularist and Arab national movements in the Middle East and North Africa region or were killed by Islamists. It has set up a camp in al-Malihah.

The militia is linked to the "Arab Nationalist Youth". The latter is active in Lebanon, the Gaza Strip, as well as Egypt, and has provided recruits from the Arab Nationalist Guard. The militia has recruited fighters from Syria, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Tunisia, and Yemen. It has also recruited Syrian Palestinians. Some of their militiamen had fought previously in the Libyan Civil War and the Iraq War. Despite the militia's Arab nationalist ideology, one member stated that it also includes non-Arab fighters such as Kurds and Berbers, regarding all of them as part of the Ummah.

The Arab Nationalist Guard is supported by Hezbollah trainers, and has good connections with the wing of Hamas that does not support the Muslim Brotherhood.

See also
List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War

References

Works cited

Anti-Zionism in the Arab world
Anti-Zionism in the Middle East
Anti-Zionist organizations
Arab nationalism in Syria
Arab nationalist militant groups
Expatriate military units and formations
Left-wing militant groups
Military units and formations established in 2013
Pan-Arabist organizations
Pro-government factions of the Syrian civil war
Secularism in Syria
Axis of Resistance


title: Merchandise Marks Act 1887

text:
The Merchandise Marks Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 28) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Act stopped foreign manufacturers from falsely claiming that their goods were British-made and selling them in Britain and Europe on that pretence. It also makes it illegal for companies to falsely claim that they have a royal warrant.

Swiss watch cases imported to Britain before this date were of 875 millesimal fineness standard. This did not meet the 925 standard for sterling silver and so could not be hallmarked, as the new Act required. The Swiss thus increased the fineness of their silver alloy. However they chose an alloy of 935, in excess of the sterling grade. This has sometimes been claimed to have arisen as a Swiss misunderstanding of the standard required for British Sterling. Such cases were marked in Switzerland with three Swiss bears. This persisted until 1907, when a requirement for hallmarking to be done in Britain, after which the Swiss changed to a 925 alloy.

See also
 Made in Germany

Notes

References

United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1887


title: ISU Junior World Challenge Cup

text:
The ISU Junior World Challenge Cup is an international synchronized skating competition that determines the best junior teams in the world. Held for the first time in 2001, the competition is sanctioned by International Skating Union. From 2013 to 2016, the event was held biennially in even-numbered years, after the 2013 launch of the World Junior Championships which was to be held in odd-numbered years.  However, because the World Junior Championships has been held annually since 2017, there has not been any ISU Junior World Challenge Cup after 2016.

Medalists

References

'juniorb


title: Huntcliff School

text:
Huntcliff School may refer to:

 Huntcliff School, Kirton in Lindsey, a secondary school in Lincolnshire, England
 Huntcliff School, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, a secondary school in North Yorkshire, England


title: Ernest O. Wollan

text:
Ernest Omar Wollan (November 6, 1902 – March 11, 1984) was an American physicist who made major contributions in the fields of neutron scattering and health physics.

Biography
Wollan was a native of Glenwood, Minnesota. After earning a bachelor's degree at Concordia College in 1923, he undertook graduate study at the University of Chicago, where he investigated X-ray scattering under Arthur Compton and received a Ph.D. in 1929. Over the next several years, he taught physics at North Dakota State College and Washington University in St. Louis, spent a year in Zurich as a National Research Council fellow conducting research on cosmic rays, and worked with the Chicago Tumor Institute on its medical use of a radium source.

In January 1942, Wollan joined the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory at the invitation of Compton and Enrico Fermi. As a member of the Manhattan Project research team, he focused on measuring radiation exposure, for which he developed the film badge dosimeter. He was one of the 50 scientists present on December 2, 1942, when the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was achieved in the Chicago Pile experiment. He was also on the scene in Oak Ridge on November 4, 1943, when the first continuously operating reactor, the Clinton Pile, later known as the X-10 Graphite Reactor, first went critical.

With his background in X-ray diffraction, Wollan was one of the first to recognize the potential value of neutrons for investigating the structure of materials. In May 1944 he asked the director of Clinton Laboratories (now Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for permission to use the neutron output of the X-10 reactor to study the diffraction of neutrons in single crystals. His request was granted, and a neutron crystal spectrometer that Wollan brought from Chicago was installed in the reactor that same month to make observations on a crystal of gypsum. Wollan and his group were transferred from the Metallurgical Laboratory to the Clinton Laboratories in August of that year. After some early setbacks, in December 1944 Wollan and chemist Lyle Benjamin Borst successfully used neutron diffraction to produce "rocking curves" for crystals of gypsum and sodium chloride (salt).

Working at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) after World War II, he continued study into neutron scattering, using the neutrons emitted from the X-10 Graphite Reactor and a modified X-ray diffractometer.

In collaboration with Clifford G. Shull, who joined him at ORNL in 1946, he developed neutron diffraction methodology used for determining atomic resolution structure of substances. In 1994, Shull was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on neutron diffraction. The unusual delay in the Nobel award, which came more than four decades after the work that it recognized, may have resulted from negative views of the work's relationship to nuclear power. Wollan was not eligible for the Nobel because he had died 10 years earlier. In his Nobel lecture Shull spoke of Wollan's contributions and expressed regret that his colleague had not lived long enough to share in the prize.

Wollan remained a member of the ORNL research staff until retiring in 1967. For much of his 23-year service at ORNL, he was associate director of the Physics Division. He continued as a consultant to ORNL until 1977. In his final years, Wollan returned to Minnesota, the state of his birth, where he died in 1984.

Honors and awards
 Wollan Island, in Crystal Sound, Antarctica, is named in honor of Wollan's work on the crystal structure of ice using neutrons.
 Fellow of the American Physical Society, elected in 1936
 Concordia College awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science in 1965.
 John Price Wetherill Medal, 1967

References

1902 births
1984 deaths
20th-century American physicists
American nuclear physicists
Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota) alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Manhattan Project people
North Dakota State University faculty
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
People from Glenwood, Minnesota
University of Chicago alumni
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Washington University physicists
Neutron scattering
Neutron facilities
Neutron instrumentation


title: Lluís Millet

text:
Lluís Millet i Pagès (18 April 1867 in El Masnou – 7 December 1941 in Barcelona) was a Spanish Catalan composer, musician and co-founder of Orfeó Català in 1891.

A student of Felip Pedrell, from 1896 he taught choral music at Barcelona's Escuela Municipal de Musica where he later succeeded Nicolau as director.

He died in 1941 and is interred in the Montjuïc Cemetery in Barcelona.

Education and training
Lluís Millet's family moved to Barcelona to escape the threats posed by the Third Carlist War. The family wanted Lluís to become a merchant, but he followed the musical career by enrolling at the Conservatory of the Liceu of Barcelona. There he trained under Miquel Font and Josep Rodoreda, and Carles G. Vidiella.

Early career
Lluís Millet was early attracted to choir songs, and aged just 17 he became conductor of the Chorus the "La Lira de Sant Cugat del Vallès." He also had a job at the Cafè Inglés in Barcelona, first as pianist and later as a member of a trio with Josep Badia, the violinist, and Lluís Pamies, who played the harmonium.

Selected works
 Egloga for orchestra
 Catalanesques for orchestra

References

1867 births
1941 deaths
Musicians from Catalonia
People from El Masnou
Burials at Montjuïc Cemetery


title: Fundulopanchax avichang

text:
Fundulopanchax avichang is a species of African killifish that mainly inhabits small temporary pools of the Ecucu River drainage systems. The species is endemic to Equatorial Guinea. Adult fish reach a maximum length of approximately . Breeding pairs of the species most often lay their eggs over the bottom, but occasionally also among the roots of free-floating aquatic plants. Pairs stay close for some time, with just a few eggs being produced each day.

References

avichang
Fish of Equatorial Guinea
Endemic fauna of Equatorial Guinea
Fish described in 1970


title: Andy Albury

text:
Andrew Christopher Albury, born 20 November 1961, is an Australian murderer serving two consecutive sentences of life imprisonment without parole.

Crimes
Albury was convicted of murdering Gloria Pindan on 25 November 1983. Pindan, a 29 year-old indigenous woman, was murdered after a random encounter with the drunken Albury. Her body was found stripped with 28 external injuries, some inflicted with a broken beer bottle.

Albury also confessed to the killing of Patricia Carlton who was fatally assaulted on the night of 30 September 1983, but later recanted the confession (stating it was coerced) at the trial of Kelvin Condren. Condren was convicted and served seven years before his conviction was quashed. It was later revealed Condren had been arrested for drunkenness and had been detailed in the police watchhouse at the time. Condren was later awarded $400,000 for the false conviction.

In 1990, Albury confessed to committing eleven other murders but an investigation concluded that the confession was fictional. In the same judgement, Dr. Wake, the medical director of Northern Territory Prisons, is quoted as saying: 'Albury enjoys his reputation of being a "monster" and cleverly invokes voices, the written word and behaviour patterns to perpetuate the idea that he is quite mad"'. In 1990, he received a consecutive sentence of detention in hospital for life after assaulting and attempting to strangle a fellow inmate.

On 12 November 2004, the NT Supreme Court approved an application by the NT director of public prosecutions for Albury's sentence to be altered to remain in prison for the rest of his natural life.

In February 2014, former Northern Territory Detective Sergeant Les Chapman, who arrested Albury in 1983, claimed that Albury had boasted to him of killing 14 other people in a spree while he moved from Townsville to Mount Isa between 1970 and 1982, possibly making Albury one of the youngest serial killers in history and also the most prolific serial killer in Australian history, ahead of Snowtown serial killers John Bunting and Robert Wagner.

References

Australian people convicted of murder
Living people
1961 births


title: 1977 Laurence Olivier Awards

text:
The 1977 Society of West End Theatre Awards were held in 1977 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of West End Theatre. The awards would not become the Laurence Olivier Awards, as they are known today, until the 1984 ceremony.

Winners and nominees
Details of winners (in bold) and nominees, in each award category, per the Society of London Theatre.

Productions with multiple nominations and awards
The following 15 productions received multiple nominations:

 4: Privates on Parade
 3: Bubbling Brown Sugar and Just between Ourselves
 2: Bedroom Farce, Cause Célèbre, Dusa, Fish, Stas and Vi, King Lear, Macbeth, Once a Catholic , State of Revolution, Stevie, The Fire That Consumes, The Kingfisher, The Plough and the Stars, Volpone and Wild Oats

The following production received multiple awards:

 2: Privates on Parade

See also
 31st Tony Awards

References

External links
 Previous Olivier Winners – 1977

Laurence Olivier Awards ceremonies
Laurence Olivier Awards, 1977
1977 in London
1977 theatre awards


title: Wushu at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's changquan

text:
The men's changquan competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China was held on 13 November at the Nansha Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
DNS — Did not start

References

Results

External links
Official website

Men's changquan


title: Versoaln

text:
Versoaln (or Versailler) is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the South Tyrol wine region of northeast Italy. In the commune of Tisens, in South Tyrol, one of the world's oldest vines is a Versoaln vine planted at Katzenzungen Castle that has been dated to be at least 350 years old by the viticulturists at the University of Göttingen.

History

According to legend, the Versoaln vine is named after the French royal Palace of Versailles that was home to King Louis XIV from where the vine was reportedly brought to Katzenzungen Castle by Grafen Schlandesberg. However, ampelographers doubt the validity of this origin theory due to lack of historical evidence as well as DNA evidence showing a connection between Versoaln and any known French wine grape variety.

Ampelographers note that the root of Versoaln's name in the local dialect of South Tyrol means "to secure with a rope" and could be a reference to the viticultural practice of trellising where the canopy of the vine is secured by rope or wires to a trellis. Another theory is that the name is derived from verdolen, which means "green" in the local language, and describes the deep green color of the berries before veraison.

Viticulture

Similar to the German/Italian grape variety Trollinger (Schiava Grossa), Versoaln has the tendency to produce large berries of thick-skinned grapes in similarly large, irregularly shaped bunches that can put a great strain on the vine if not properly managed by vine training and pruning. The vine tends to bud midway through the budding period of the growing season and is also considered a "mid-ripening" variety. Versoaln is very susceptible to the viticultural hazards of sour rot and the fungal infections of downy and powdery mildew.

Wine regions
While once widely planted throughout the South Tyrol region, Versoaln was on the verge of extinction until viticulturists with the Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry and Free University of Bozen-Bolzano started propagating cuttings from the single, 350+ year old Versoaln vine planted at Katzenzungen Castle. As of 2012, there were approximately 100 new vine plantings of Versoaln in cultivation.

Katzenzungen vine

According to legend, the Versoaln vine planted at Katzenzungen Castle was originally a cutting taken from a Versoaln vine planted at the palace of Versailles in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. The vine was reportedly brought to northeast Italy by a former owner of Katzenzungen Castle, Grafen Schlandesberg.

While ampelographer doubt the details of that origin story, today the Katzenzungen Versoaln vine is considered to be one of the oldest and largest vines in the world. Dated by Martin Worbes of the University of Göttingen in Germany to be at least 350 years old, the vine has been measured to cover a length of . Among the few grapevines in the world that are older than the Katzenzungen vine is the 400+ year old Žametovka vine growing in the Slovenian town of Maribor.

The vine is maintained by viticulturists from the Laimburg Research Centre and has been used to propagate new Versoaln vines to keep the variety from being lost to extinction. Wine is still being made from the Katzenzungen vine with fruit harvested from the old vine added to the fruit taking from the newer plantings of Versoaln. Between the Katzenzungen vine and the newer plantings, around 500 bottles of Versoaln wine a year is produced in specially numbered bottles.

Wine styles
According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, Versoaln tends to produce a dry wine with notable acidity levels and aromas green apples and apricot flavor notes.

Synonyms
Over the years, Versoaln has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Versailler, Versoaler, Weiss Versoalen and Weisser Versailler.

References

White wine grape varieties


title: Wushu at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's changquan

text:
The women's changquan competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China was held on 16 November at the Nansha Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results

References

Results

External links
Official website

Women's changquan


title: Melaleuca clarksonii

text:
Melaleuca clarksonii, commonly known as Alice River bottlebrush, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. It is similar to Melaleuca cajuputi and Melaleuca leucadendra with its broad leaves and spikes of creamy-coloured flowers but is distinguished from them by its (usually) hard, fibrous bark.

Description
Melaleuca clarksonii is a tree growing up to  tall usually with hard, fibrous, but sometimes also papery bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately,  long,  wide, ovate to elliptical in shape, with a distinct petiole  long and 5 to 9 parallel veins.

The flowers are white to greenish-cream coloured, in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. The spikes are up to  in diameter and contain 9 to 15 groups of 3 flowers per group. The sepals are  long and the petals are  long and fall of as the flower matures. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 6 to 9 stamens. Flowers appear in May and the fruit which follow are woody capsules  long in loose clusters along the stems.

Taxonomy and naming
Melaleuca clarksonii was first formally described in 1997 by Bryan Barlow in Novon from a specimen located in the Mitchell-Alice Rivers National Park. The specific epithet (clarksonii) honours John Richard Clarkson, a north Queensland botanist, who assisted in the collected of the type specimens.

Distribution and habitat
Melaleuca clarksonii is found in the Cape York Peninsula bioregion, including in the Mitchell-Alice Rivers National Park in the west, the Jack Lakes in the south-east and the Wenlock River district. It grows in forests and woodlands, sometimes in pure stands, around swamps and clay pans in areas that are flooded in the wet season.

References

clarksonii
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1997
Trees of Australia


title: Ahmad Mehdizadeh

text:
Ahmad Mehdizadeh (born 1 March 1987 in Bandar Anzali) is an Iranian footballer who currently plays for Saipa in Iran Pro League.

References

1987 births
Living people
Iranian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Paykan F.C. players
Malavan F.C. players
Saba Qom F.C. players
Footballers from Qaem Shahr
21st-century Iranian people


title: NIC Inc.

text:
NIC Inc. () is a digital government service provider for federal, state and local governments in the United States. It was founded in 1992 and is headquartered in Olathe, Kansas. Harry H. Herington serves as the chief executive officer and chairman of the board. As Digital Government provider, NIC Inc. has long-term contracts with over 3,500 state and local government and federal agencies to provide the IT software, services, and payment processing solutions.

NIC announced in February 2021 its plan to be acquired by Tyler Technologies. The acquisition completed in April 2021.

Background
The company has two primary segments including digital government software & services and payment processing solutions. The main service of the digital governmental solutions and services segment is providing out-sourced state eGovernment portals. Additionally, the other segment is engaged in developing payment processing solutions for state, local and federal governments. NIC Federal generates revenue from a contract with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration for the development and management of their online Pre-employment Screen Program presence.

Acquisitions
In 2018, NIC acquired Leap Orbit, a prescription drug-monitoring program (PDMP).

In 2019, NIC acquired Complia, a Centennial, Colorado-based technology platform for government regulated cannabis.

Recognition
In 2013, Forbes listed it as one of America's Best Small Companies.

On February 24, 2014, The company's pre-employment screening program (PSP) customer service team was awarded a Bronze Stevie Award for supporting for the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA).

In 2014 and 2015, NIC was named one of Kansas City's Healthiest Employers.

In 2017, CFO Steve Kovzan was recognized as a CFO of the Year by the Kansas City Business Journal.

References

External links

E-government in the United States
Information technology consulting firms of the United States
Consulting firms established in 1992
American companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in Kansas
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Companies based in the Kansas City metropolitan area
American corporate subsidiaries


title: Elias Judah Durand

text:
Elias Judah Durand (20 March 1870 -– 29 October 1922) was an American mycologist, and botanist. He was one of the foremost American experts on the discomycetes.

Biography
Elias Judah Durand was born in Canandaigua, New York. He received his bachelor's degree in botany and entomology from Cornell University in 1893 and his Doctor of Science in botany in 1895 under George Francis Atkinson at Cornell. Following graduation he taught botany and mycology at Cornell until 1910, first as a fellow and later as an instructor. In 1910, Durand was appointed professor of botany at the University of Missouri, where he remained until 1918. In 1918, Durand was named professor at the University of Minnesota, where from 1920 to 1921 he was the Chairman of the Department of Botany. He remained at the University of Minnesota until his death from cancer on 29 October 1922. Durand is buried in the Durand family plot in Woodlawn Cemetery in Canandaigua, New York.
He married Anna Louise Perry on 6 September 1899 and had one child, Anna Louise Durand (d. 1981), on 6 June 1901. Anna Louise died shortly after giving birth to their daughter on 11 June 1901. He married Sue Gertrude Stone (d. 1957) on 24 July 1917.

Mycological contributions
Durand contributed to a broad range of botanical sciences, ranging from bryology and pteridology to mycology. He was recognized and highly respected as an authority on discomycetes, and was one of the first Americans to study the group extensively. His personal collection, numbering 12,087 specimens of discomycetes, including 16 types, 27 paratypes, 2 syntypes, and 6,000 microscope slides, was deposited in the Plant Pathology Herbarium at Cornell University (CUP), helping establish that herbarium as a leading center for the study of discomycetes. Durand's collections included 650 types (mostly discomycetes) from other authors and herbaria, currently stored at Cornell University. Additional specimens Durand collected are stored in the herbaria of the Field Museum of Natural History, the University of Kentucky, the University of Minnesota, the New York Botanical Garden, and Pomona College.

Taxa described and new combinations
E.J. Durand described a total of 25 new species, one new form, one new variety, and made 20 new combinations of species. , nine of his species and ten recombinations are still accepted (having not been assigned to another genus or reduced to synonymy under previously published names). Durand also described two genera, Gloeoglossum and Ionomidotis which were both later reduced to synonymy.

Gloeoglossum E.J. Durand 1908 = Geoglossum Persoon 1794
Ionomidotis E.J. Durand ex Thaxt. 1923 = Ameghiniella Speg. 1888
Catinella elastica (Pat. & Gaillard) E.J. Durand 1922 = Aleurina elastica (Pat. & Gaillard) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902
Catinella negro-olivacea (Schwein.) E.J. Durand 1922
Ciboria americana E.J. Durand 1902
Coccophacidium crustaceum (M.A. Curtis) E.J. Durand 1929 = Coccomycetes strobi J. Reid & Cain 1961
Corynetes arenarius (Rostr.) E.J. Durand 1908 = Sabuloglossum arenarium (Rostr.) Hustad, A.N. Mill, Dentinger & P.F. Cannon 2013
Corynetes atropurpureus (Batsch) E.J. Durand 1908 = Geoglossum atropurpureum (Batsch) Persoon 1796
Corynetes robustus E.J. Durand 1908 = Geoglossum atropurpureum (Batsch) Persoon 1796
Cudonia bulbifera E.J. Durand 1912 = Pseudombrophila bulbifera (E.J. Durand) Brumm. 1995
Cudonia ochroleuca (Cooke & Harkn.) E.J. Durand 1908
Dermatea crataegicola E.J. Durand 1904 = Pezicula crataegicula (Durieu) J.W. Groves 1946
Dermatea puberula E.J. Durand 1904 = Pezicula puberula (E.J. Durand) Verkley 1999
Dermatella hamamelidis (Peck) E.J. Durand 1902 = Dermea hamamelidis (Peck) J.W. Groves 1946
Geoglossum affine E.J. Durand 1908
Geoglossum cohaerens E.J. Durand 1908
Geoglossum fallax E.J. Durand 1908
Geoglossum intermedium E.J. Durand 1908
Geoglossum paludosum (Persoon) E.J. Durand 1908
Gloeoglossum affine E.J. Durand 1908 = Geoglossum affine E.J. Durand 1908
Gloeoglossum difforme (Fr.) E.J. Durand 1908 = Geoglossum difforme Fr. 1815
Gloeoglossum glutinosum (Persoon) E.J. Durand 1908 = Glutinoglossum glutinosum (Persoon) Hustad, A.N. Mill., Dentinger, & P.F. Cannon 2013
Holwaya gigantea E.J. Durand 1901 = Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971
Holwaya leptosperma (Peck) E.J. Durand 1901 = Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971
Ionomidotis chilensis E.J Durand 1923 = Midotus chilensis (E.J. Durand) Cif. 1957
Ionomidotis irregularis (Schwein.) E.J. Durand 1923
Ionomidotis nicaraguensis E.J. Durand 1923 = Midotis nicaraguensis (E.J. Durand) Seaver 1951
Ionomidotis olivascens E.J. Durand 1923 = Midotis olivascens (E.J. Durand) Seaver 1951
Inomidotis plicata (W. Phillips & Harkn.) E.J. Durand 1923 = Ameghiniella plicata (W. Phillips & Harkn.) W.Y. Zhuang & Korf 1988
Ionomidotis urceolata E.J. Durand 1923 = Encoelia urceolata (E.J. Durand) W.Y. Zhuang 1988
Ionomidotis sprucei (Berk.) E.J. Durand 1923
Keithia thujina E.J. Durand 1913 = Didymascella thujina (E.J. Durand) Maire 1927
Keithia tsugae (Farl.) E.J. Durand 1913 = Fabrella tsugae (Farl.) Kirschst. 1941
Lachnum atropurpureum E.J. Durand 1904 = Lachnella atropurpurea (E.J. Durand) Seaver 1951
Leptoglossum alveolatum E.J. Durand ex Rehm 1904 = Geoglossum alveolatum (E.J. Durand ex Rehm) E.J. Durand 1908
Microglossum fumosum (Peck) E.J. Durand 1908
Microglossum longisporum E.J. Durand 1908
Midotis infundibuliformis E.J. Durand 1923 = Encoelia infundibuliformis (E.J. Durand) Dennis 1954
Midotis occidentalis E.J. Durand 1923
Mitrula alveolata E.J. Durand 1902 = Geoglossum alveolatum (E.J. Durand ex Rehm) E.J. Durand 1908
Sarcosoma carolinianum E.J. Durand 1903
Sclerotinia smilacinae E.J. Durand 1902 = Stromatinia smilacinae (E.J. Durand) Whetzel 1945
Trichoglossum confusum E.J. Durand 1921
Trichoglossum farlowii (Cooke) E.J. Durand 1908
Trichoglossum hirsutum f. variabile E.J. Durand 1908 = Trichoglossum variabile (E.J. Durand) Nannf. 1942
Trichoglossum hirsutum var. wrightii E.J. Durand 1908 = Trichoglossum wrightii (E.J. Durand) E.J. Durand 1921
Trichoglossum rehmianum (Henn.) E.J. Durand 1908
Trichoglossum velutipes (Peck.) E.J. Durand 1908
Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. Durand 1908

Mycological lineage
Durand earned his Doctorate of Science under G.F. Atkinson at Cornell. Durand belongs to the mycological lineage of William Russel Dudley. Dudley was a student and assistant under Albert Nelson Prentiss, who was the first head of the Department of Botany at Cornell University. Dudley mentored G.F. Atkinson who later returned to Cornell when Dudley left in 1892. While Durand did not directly mentor any students who would later become professional mycologists, he was well-regarded as an instructor in undergraduate courses.

Honors and memberships
While a student at Cornell, Durand was a member of Sigma Xi, Quill and Dagger, Congress, the Classical Association, and the Natural History Society (of which he was president in his senior year). Durand was a charter member of the American Mycological Society (which merged with the Botanical Society of America in 1903). He was also a member of the American Phytopathological Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Eponymous taxa
Durandia (Peck) Rehm (1913) – nom. illegit. (Article 53.1 ICN). Durandia was previously described as a genus in the Cyperaceae by Johan Otto Boeckeler in 1896.
Durandiella Seaver (1932)
Durandiomyces Seaver (1928)
Sphaerospora durandii Rehm (1904)
Trichoglossum durandii Teng (1932)

Publications
Durand authored or coauthored 30 research publications and one general botany laboratory textbook:
1894. Durand EJ. "Some rare Myxomycetes of central New York, with notes on the germination of Enteridium rozeanum". Botanical Gazette 19 (3): 89–95.
1894. ———, Halsted BD, Bicknell EP. "Botanical notes". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 21 (1): 38–42.
1894. Durand EJ. "Sporangial trichomes in certain ferns". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 21 (9): 408–409.
1896. ———."Structure of pseudoparenchyma". Botanical Gazette 22 (3): 249.
1897. ———. "A disease of currant canes". Bulletin Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station 125: 24–38.
1897. ———. "Outline for use in laboratory practice in a course in general introductory botany". 5 editions.
1899. ———. "A washing apparatus". Botanical Gazette 27 (5): 394–395.
1900. ———. "The classification of the fleshy Pezizineae with reference to the structural characters illustrating the bases of their division into families". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 463–495.
1901. ———, Britton EG. "Some further observations on Buxbaumia". The Bryologist 4 (2): 32–33.
1901. Durand EJ. "Dacryopsis ellisiana Massee". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28 (11): 646.
1901. ———. "Studies in North American Discomycetes. 1. The genus Holwaya Sacc." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28: 349–355.
1902. ———. "Studies in North American Discomycetes. 2. Some new or noteworthy species from central and western New York". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 458–465.
1902. ———. "The genus Angelina Fr." The Journal of Mycology 8: 108–109.
1903. ———. "The genus Sarcosoma in North America". The Journal of Mycology 9: 102–104.
1904. ———. "Three new species of Discomycetes". The Journal of Mycology 10: 99–101.
1906. ———. "Peziza fusicarpa Ger. and Peziza semitosta B. & C." The Journal of Mycology 12: 28–32.
1906. ———. "Sporangial trichomes". The Fern Bulletin 14: 20–21.
1907. ———. "The mycological writings of Theodor Holmskjold and their relation to Persoon's Commentatio". The Journal of Mycology 13: 141–142.
1908. ———. "The Geoglossaceae of North America". Annales Mycologici 6: 387–477.
1908. ———. "The development of the sexual organs and sporogonium in Marchantia polymorpha". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 35 (7): 321–335.
1909. ———. "The perithecium of Ascomycetes". Botanical Gazette 48 (1): 67–69.
1909. ———. "A discussion of some of the principles governing the interpretation of pre-Persoonian names, and their bearing on the selection of a starting-point for mycological nomenclature". Science 29 (1): 670–676.
1909. ———. "The Geoglossaceae or Earth-tongues". Ontario Natural Science Bulletin 5: 22–25.
1911. ———. "The differential staining of intercellular mycelum". Phytopathology 1 (4): 129–130.
1913. ———. "The genus Keithia". Mycologia 5: 6–11.
1919. ———. "Peziza proteana var. sparassoides in America". Mycologia 11 (1): 1–3.
1919. ———. "Encalypta lacinata in central New York." The Bryologist 22 (2): 13.
1919. ———. "Peziza proteana var. sparassoides in America". Mycologia 11 (1): 1–3.
1921. ———. "New or noteworthy Geoglossaceae". Mycologia 13 (3): 184–187.
1922. ———. "The genus Catinella". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 49: 15–21.
1923. ———. "The genera Midotis, Ionomidotis, and Cordierites". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 59 (1): 3–19.

References

External links

Durand, Elias Judah
Durand, Elias Judah
American mycologists
American botanists
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni


title: Soft grunge

text:
Soft grunge (or Tumblr Grunge) was a fashion trend that originated on Tumblr around the late 2000s and early 2010s. Beginning as an outgrowth of the 2000s indie sleaze fashion trend but with a greater influence from the 1990s, particularly grunge fashion, the style began as a reaction against the glamor fitness culture which was dominant in popular culture at the time. Characterized by its merger of cute and aggressive fashion hallmarks like chokers, tennis skirts, leather jackets and boots, flower crowns, distressed denim and pastel colors. Soft grunge reached its peak popularity around 2014, by which time it had been embraced by high fashion designers including Hedi Slimane and Jeremy Scott and been worn by celebrities including Charli XCX. Its internet-based merger of subculture, fashion and music made it one of the earliest examples of an internet aesthetic. In the early 2020s, the style experienced a minor resurgence due to videos posted on the video sharing application TikTok.

History
By the 2000s, indie sleaze fashion had become popular, which including traits of 1970s and 1980s fashion in addition to grunge and the contemporary hipster fashion. Soft grunge evolved directly from this trend, once Tumblr users began to merge it with darker fashion elements like fishnets, chokers and combat boots. A 2022 article published by i-D specifically cited Hope Sandoval's incorporation of baby tees, slip dresses and mesh as influential upon the development of soft grunge. Teen Vogue writer Kara K. Nesvig and Refinery29 writer Sadhbh O'Sullivan also cited emo fashion as a notable component. Early on its development, the style was deliberately confrontational to the fitness culture which was dominant in popular culture at the time, namely Victoria's Secret's Train Like an Angel campaign and online fitness influencers like Blogilates and Freelee the Bananagirl.

Alternative Press writer Marian Phillips cited Sky Ferreira as having "largely popularized" the style beginning in 2009. Ferreira's style was a direct outgrowth of indie sleaze, making use of chunky boots, babydoll dresses, leopard print, leather, tennis skirts, smudged makeup and grown out dark roots on bleached blonde hair. In a 2014 article for Vogue, stylist Ian Bradley called Ferreira's look "A mix of sexy, innocent and tough". Nylon specifically cited the music video for her song "Everything Is Embarrassing" (2012) as the "utmost style inspiration" on Tumblr. In the following years, musician Lana Del Rey, models Kate Moss and Kylie Jenner and actress Kaya Scodelario's portrayal of the fiction character Effy Stonem, all became points of inspiration for the emerging fashion style.

The style was soon embraced by the fashion mainstream, with Jeremy Scott using its influence for his fall 2012 collection for luxury fashion house Moschino, and in 2013 Ferreira becoming Hedi Slimane's muse when he took over as the creative director for luxury fashion house Yves Saint Laurent. Following the release of her 2013 debut album True Romance, Charli XCX emerged as an influence on the style, appearing at the NME Awards in a soft grunge that included tartan mini skirt, fishnets, crop top and smudged makeup.  By 2015, "grunge" was Tumblr's most reblogged fashion term, with soft grunge and pale grunge both appearing in the top 20.

i-D magazine called the style one of the earliest internet aesthetics which become commonplace by the 2020s. In addition to this, the website cited the style as influential on both the e-girl and VSCO girl fashion styles, which originated in the late-2010s. The style was also influential on 2020s rockstar girlfriend, ballerina sleaze and coquette trends.

Around 2022, the style began to experience a resurgence in popularity due to videos uploaded on the video sharing application TikTok, where by August of that year, the hashtags 2014Tumblr accumulated 232 million uses, GrungeAesthetic with 611 million uses and TumblrAesthetic with 46.6 million. Harper's Bazaar'''s writer Ella Sangster credited the revival as a reaction against the clean girl aesthetic which had been prominent on the same platform since 2020. The same year, luxury fashion house Ports 1961 launched their fall/winter 2022 campagne which featured models Vittoria Ceretti and Bella Hadid in soft grunge inspired outfits taken on polaroid cameras. During this time, the style was embraced by celebrities including Emma Chamberlain, Doja Cat and Olivia Rodrigo.

 Fashion

Soft grunge was based upon the dominant fashion silhouette of the 2010s: high-waisted, tight-fitting trousers or pleated mini skirts with crop tops or t-shirts; while also making use of items common in the 1990s. One of the key aspects of the style is its merger of edgy and distressed "grunge" items with traditionally beautiful "soft" motifs like the colour pink, hearts and nostalgia. Racked media writer Frank Gargione called the style a take on grunge fashion but "commoditized by chain stores and available in softer, sweeter colors".

Soft grunge outfits often include: the usage of studs and spikes, Vans skate shoes, band shirts, Dr. Martens shoes and boots, tennis skirts, chokers, flannel shirts, leather jackets, enamel pins, high waisted shorts, red lipstick, flower crowns, galaxy print, matte lipstick, winged eyeliner, fishnets, knee socks, Chuck Taylor All-Stars, tote bags, denim jackets and cuffed, ripped jeans. Many of these items were specifically bought from American Apparel, with clothes from Unif and Urban Outfitters both also becoming popular once the style began gaining traction. Hair is also often dyed. It often makes use of pastel colours, particularly pinks and blues.

 Photography
Soft grunge photography often made use of desaturated colors or were black and white. A particularly defining part soft grunge photography was the use instant cameras, as well as the VSCO P5 filter. Photos were often of BLK brand water, cigarettes, tennis skirts, black boots, fishnets, and marshmallows, while also evoking melancholic moods and narratives of illness, pain, depression, unrequited love and wanting to move to somewhere else. One popular trop was photography of a forest with song lyrics superimposed on top or bedrooms decorated with fairy lights, band posters or banners.

A common compositional theme was skin, particularly bruises, wrinkles, scars and blonde vellus hairs, sometimes taken while in a bath and decorated with glitter, flowers and rainbows. In extreme circumstances these depicted self-harm and items used to do so like razor blades or shards of glass. Similarly, imagery of drug use like cigarettes, pills, lighters, alcohol and decorated cigarette packets were common. Depictions such as these were often deleted by Tumblr admins.

 Music

Soft grunge music merges elements of emo, shoegaze, pop punk, alternative rock and post-hardcore. The genre originated with bands from the hardcore punk scene who began making music inspired by 1990s emo and post-hardcore groups like Rival Schools and the Promise Ring as well as early 1990s alternative rock groups like the Smashing Pumpkins, Soundgarden and Alice in Chains. In the early 2010s, the first wave of bands in the genre emerged, including Adventures, Balance and Composure, Basement, Citizen, Pity Sex, Superheaven and Turnover. The majority of these bands were signed to Run for Cover Records, made use of fuzz pedals and filmed their music videos using 8 mm film. Title Fight stood at the forefront of the genre with the success of their 2012 album Floral Green. By the early 2020s, a second wave emerged including Fleshwater and Narrow Head.

Outside of the soft grunge genre, those who participate in online soft grunge communities often listened to Sky Ferreira, Charli XCX, the Neighbourhood, the 1975, the Arctic Monkeys, Vampire Weekend, Lana Del Rey and Marina Diamandis.

 Criticism
Soft grunge has been criticized by publications including Jezebel, the Ringer and Vice Media as romanticizing and glorifying self-harm, eating disorders, suicidal ideation and mental illness. In her book The Aesthetics of Self-Harm, Academic Zoe Alderton stated that the specific depictions of self-harm on soft grunge blogs conformed to what Ping-Nie Pao described as "delicate self-mutilation". Pao observed in his 1969 study of self-harmers that many made effeminate "superficial, delicate, carefully designed icisions".Highsnobiety'' writer Nico Amarco brought into question the style's links to grunge stating that "While the idolatry of original grunge and alt rock is commonplace in the soft grunge community, knowledge and genuine interest in any of these bands is thin on the ground", with Tumblr users instead generally championing the alternative pop music of 2010s artists like Sky Ferreira, Lana Del Rey and Charli XCX.

References

Fashion aesthetics
Internet memes
Grunge
Internet aesthetics
Tumblr
2010s fashion
2020s fashion


title: Artur Yeghoyan

text:
Artur Yeghoyan (born 14 September 1990) is an Armenian cross-country skier. He represented Armenia at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 in Val di Fiemme, and the 2015 World Championships in Falun. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the 30 kilometre skiathlon.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Armenian male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Armenia


title: Fujiwara no Matate

text:
was a Japanese court noble and statesman of the Nara period. He was the third son of the founder of the Hokke House of the Fujiwara clan, the sangi Fujiwara no Fusasaki. He achieved the court rank of Senior Third Rank and the position of dainagon, and posthumously of daijō-daijin. His original name was .

Life
Emperor Shōmu recognized Yatsuka's abilities, and through his favor Yatsuka was rapidly promoted. He was raised in the year 740 from the rank of  to  and then , in 743 to , and in 744 to . Shōmu specially entrusted him with duties related to the transmission of reports to and requests from the emperor. According to the Shoku Nihongi, Yatsuka was respected as exceptionally intelligent, incurring the jealousy of his cousin Fujiwara no Nakamaro. He is then said to have secluded himself in his home for a time, with his books for company. In 748 he was promoted to sangi, beating his one-year-older brother Nagate to the ranks of the kugyō.

In 756, shortly after the death of Emperor Shōmu, Nagate was promoted directly to chūnagon, overtaking Yatsuka. In 758, he supported Nakamaro's renaming of various government offices in the Chinese style of the Tang dynasty, and in 760 Yatsuka himself was granted the Tang-style name of Matate. He was steadily promoted to  in 760 and to chūnagon in 762. Also in this period, he held a farewell feast for  of the fourth envoy expedition from Balhae to the court, which the latter greatly appreciated.

In Nakamaro's rebellion of 764, Matate supported the winning side of Empress Kōken, and was promoted to  and  and granted honors, second-class. In 766, Matate was promoted to dainagon, replacing  Nagate, who had been promoted to udaijin. Two months later, though, Matate died at the age of 52. He was given the burial of a , and posthumously promoted to daijō-daijin.

In Matate's day, the ruling power was Nakamaro, putting the Nanke in the predominant position. Moreover, Matate's older brother and head of house Nagate held a position at the daijin level. In the late Nara period, an equality between the clans was considered ideal, and for important positions to be held by father–son or sibling pairs still incurred criticism. For Matate too to be promoted as far as dainagon implies that this due in large part to his own ability. In later years, Matate's descendants included Fujiwara no Michinaga and Fujiwara no Yorimichi, who led the Fujiwara to the peak of their power.

Matate was a magnanimous man, with a talent for assisting emperors in their governance as a politician. Eight of his works are recorded in the Man'yōshū, including seven tanka and one sedoka. Notes in the same work suggest Matate had a personal friendship with Ōtomo no Yakamochi.

Genealogy
 Father: Fujiwara no Fusasaki (藤原房前, 681-737)
 Mother: Muro no Ōkimi (牟漏女王, ?-746), daughter of Prince Minu (美努王).
 Wife: daughter of Sami no Natemaro (佐味奈氐麻呂)
 Son: Fujiwara no Managa (藤原真永)
 Son: Fujiwara no Nagatsugu (藤原永継)
 daughter of Abe no Obimaro (阿倍帯麻呂)
 3rd son: Fujiwara no Uchimaro (藤原内麻呂, 756-812)

References

Fujiwara clan
715 births
766 deaths
People of Nara-period Japan
Man'yō poets


title: Ryan Carrethers

text:
Ryan Carrethers (born February 26, 1991) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arkansas State.

College career
In 2013, Carrethers was a preseason first-team Sun Belt player.

Professional career
Carrethers was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He was released on October 5, 2016 and was signed to the practice squad two days later. He was promoted back to the active roster on December 3, 2016.

On September 2, 2017, Carrethers was waived by the Chargers.

References

External links
Arkansas State Red Wolves bio
Los Angeles Chargers bio

1991 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Arkansas State Red Wolves football players
Los Angeles Chargers players
Players of American football from Nashville, Tennessee
San Diego Chargers players


title: VA-125 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-125 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established as Reserve Attack Squadron VA-55E, most likely during the activation of the Naval Air Reserve in 1946. It remained in an inactive status until January 1950, when it was redesignated VA-923. The squadron was called to active duty on 20 July 1950. It was redesignated VA-125 on 4 February 1953, and disestablished on 10 April 1958. Its nickname was the Rough Raiders from 1952 onward.

A second, unrelated, squadron was designated VA-125 in 1956.

Significant events
1 February 1953: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander J. C. Micheel, was killed in action in Korea.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS St. Louis – Assigned prior to 1950. Exact date unknown.
 NAS San Diego – 02 Aug 1950
 NAS Miramar – Jan 1952

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 TBM Avenger – Prior to 1950. Exact date unknown.
 AM Mauler – 1950
 AD-2 Skyraider – Sep 1950
 AD-4Q Skyraider – Oct 1950
 AD-4 Skyraider – Dec 1950
 AD-3 Skyraider – Dec 1950
 AD-4B Skyraider – Jun 1953
 AD-4NA Skyraider – Sep 1953
 AD-6 Skyraider – Oct 1954
 AD-7 Skyraider – Jan 1957

See also
 List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
 Second VA-125 (U.S. Navy)
 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

External links

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Wushu at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's daoshu and gunshu

text:
The men's daoshu / gunshu all-round competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China was held on 14 November at the Nansha Gymnasium.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
DNS — Did not start

References

Results

External links
Official website

Men's daoshu