title: Post-critical

text:
Post-critical is a term coined by scientist-philosopher Michael Polanyi (1891–1976) in the 1950s to designate a position beyond the critical philosophical orientation (or intellectual sensibility). In this context, "the critical mode" designates a way of relating to reality that was initiated in the years preceding the Enlightenment period and since then has become the predominant intellectual mode of Modernity. (See below.) Polanyi's ideas in this regard were extended in the 1960s and thereafter by William H. Poteat (1919–2000), drawing upon and combining in new ways certain ideas of seminal critics of culture since the Enlightenment such as Pascal, Kierkegaard, Arendt, Wittgenstein (later works), and Merleau-Ponty.  Those ideas were further extended by several of Poteat's students and by other members of the Polanyi Society.

As articulated originally by René Descartes, and named much later, the critical mode of inquiry seeks to arrive at the undistorted truth by filtering one's encounter with reality through a lens of extreme suspicion and doubt. Since its emergence as the predominant epistemic paradigm of Modernity, the critical mode has been assailed by many thinkers, including those mentioned previously, for breeding a pervasive skepticism toward higher-order realities and ideals that contributes to an attitude of rootlessness, nihilism, and despair by disparaging meaning, purpose, and value so that they function only as arbitrary or evolved creations of the human mind. Those critics have noted the resulting idolization of reductionistic objectivity to such an extent as to naively overlook the presence of the observer from the observation, and to devalue subjective experience (as opposed to behavior) as a scientific concern.

Advocates of post-critical philosophy assert that the critical perspective, in its idolization of objectivity, tends to lose entirely the dimension of knowing that becomes available only through personal presence, "mindbodily" participation, empathy, caring, and thoughtful hospitality – all aspects of the profoundly personal phenomenon that Poteat and Polanyi refer to as indwelling. Their critique maintains that the critical mode devalues the sensitive and respectful interpretation that takes into account not only the relationship of what and how, but also the relationship of the knower and the known, leaving in its place a colorless, purposeless, meaningless, and exceedingly incomplete world of impersonal objects subject to unchecked manipulation. Further, by judging personal involvement in the process of knowing to be illegitimate, because it adulterates the objectivity of what is to be known, certain inherently personal features of that knowledge are abstracted, including most absurdly the presence of the subject who is doing the knowing, and who is indwelling the context and facts of that knowing. In their view, the critical mode of thinking operates under the unacknowledged presumption that only such a depersonalized relationship can result in unadulterated truth. As a consequence it is for the most part oblivious to the distortions attendant to such an impoverished and reductive relationship.

In the view of both Poteat and Polanyi, the term post-critical (as distinct from postmodern) designates a shift to a profound recognition of something quite different that is unrecognizable by the "critical" sensibility, yet vital to all genuine intellectual inquiry: a tacit methodological faith accompanied by an intellectual passion to discover truth and make sense of one's perceptions. To recognize and embrace this truth, Poteat claimed, requires not only an intellectual breakthrough but an existential transformation: from a detached, withdrawn attitude and withheld faith and passion to a pouring forth of one's personal presence, empathy, and creative powers into whatever field of inquiry beckons — actively reaching out to apprehend and indwell yet-undisclosed intimations of truth and reality.

Instead of attending solely to the what of a topic (an item of content, a teaching, a matter to be subjected to intellectual mastery and critique as an indifferent object of thought), the shift to the post-critical perspective results in an awakening to a continuous awareness of the how of experience – specifically to the how of one's responsive relationship as a person in the world to that experience – to how one happens to be relating oneself to it. That how awareness is predominantly tacit and not articulable within one's mental monologue or otherwise, which causes it to be all the more potentially consequential to the process of knowing.

Poteat and Polanyi taught that moving beyond what they deemed the profoundly flawed mode of critical intellection and reflection that characterizes Modernity and predominates in the academic world requires a fundamental shift in sensibility and perspective to what they call a post-critical mode of being in the world. They understood the post-critical shift to be the essential antidote and natural successor to the critical approach to knowing and its tendency to lose track of the how of knowing while presuming a relationship of critical suspicion, guarded distance, and objectification to achieve "objective knowledge" from which personal presence and involvement are withheld.

An idea integral to Poteat's articulation of Post-critical philosophy, derived especially from Maurice Merleau-Ponty, is the mindbody (a term he coined): persons are neither (simply) minds in bodies nor (simply) bodies with minds, especially not in the discrete form conceived by Descartes. Instead persons are mindbodies, both minds and bodies at once, one and the same, inextricable in every aspect, such that "mind" and "body" taken separately are seriously distorting abstractions from the whole person. According to Poteat, one's mindbody is one's place in the world, the "oriented whence" of all of one's activities and the place by means of which, and only in relation to which, all other places and things can make any sense at all. In other words, the mindbody is the sentient, motile, and oriented self – the active center of every person's life.

History
Polanyi presented the post-critical concept in his 1951-52 Gifford Lectures, which he revised and published as his magnum opus, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958). It was while writing Personal Knowledge that he extended the post-critical idea by defining the "structure of tacit knowing" in which experience includes a subsidiary awareness by which one's focal awareness is accomplished, presenting the result in his October 1962 Terry Lectures, published as The Tacit Dimension (1966). He had largely completed its development when William H. Poteat brought him to Duke University to deliver the Duke Lectures for the 1964–65 academic year, entitled "Man in Thought".

Poteat had met Polanyi in Manchester during a visit to the UK in 1955, receiving from him a typescript of Polanyi's Gifford Lectures. He had first encountered Polanyi's writing in 1952 through an essay called "The Stability of Beliefs" in the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, which was incorporated into Personal Knowledge. Poteat reflected on his initial encounter with Polanyi's work as having "accredited and greatly enriched the context within which initially to obey my own intimations."

Poteat's first use of the term post-critical occurred in his teaching and conversation beginning with his first exposure to Polanyi's usage of the phrase in the mid-1950s. His first published use of post-critical appears to be in "Moustákas Within His Ambience" in Faith and Art 1:4 (1973), republished in The Primacy of Persons and the Language of Culture: Essays by William H. Poteat (1993). His fullest published discussion is in his book Polanyian Meditations: In Search of a Post-Critical Logic Over the years he sometimes he used it with the hyphen ("post-critical"), sometimes without.

Prior to his encounter with Polanyi in 1955 Poteat had already a general idea of how to move beyond the critical mode, articulating it in a variety of terms and phrases. Soon after that encounter, he discovered in Polanyi's lectures, and then in his magnum opus Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy, that the term post-critical most accurately named and defined the necessary shift he perceived necessary to progress beyond the critical sensibility that has defined intellectual thinking since the Enlightenment period.

Poteat employed a particular pedagogical approach to initiate this post-critical shift in his students that combined an ironic stance, whereby he deliberately made impossible any simple, straightforward taking in of what he might have to convey, with a skillful use of the Socratic method to question, draw out, and bring to light the implications of his students' own thoughts and ideas on the text under consideration and the issues it raised. A close friend and later a colleague at UNC-Chapel Hill, Ruel Tyson, spoke of him as "the most consistent, most unrelenting practitioner of Socratic dialectic of any teacher I have had or known in over 65 years in the classroom as student and teacher." Poteat typically conducted this process of discovery and reorientation during seminar discussions about assigned texts. Along with Polanyi's Personal Knowledge and his own Polanyian Meditations, such texts included Ricouer's Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and On Certainty, Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception, Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition, and Kierkegaard's works, particularly his essay "The Immediate Stages of the Erotic or the Musical Erotic" in Either/Or vol. 1. In those books their authors undertook a radical critique of the "prepossessions of the European Enlightenment concerning the nature of human knowing and doing." In those texts, according to Poteat,"modern culture... is under the maximum radical pressure from the author [who]..., therefore, most vividly discloses – sometimes wittingly but more often unwittingly – the repertoire of concepts in which both we and the author are immured. Usually these are profoundly confused books, for no author is so likely edifyingly to exhibit his or her embranglement in those very destructive conceptual dualisms which define Modernity as when he or she undertakes to bring them explicitly under attack."

A testimony vividly illustrating Poteat's pedagogical approach comes from Araminta Stone Johnson, self-described as "one of Bill Poteat's 'last' students', in "Thanks For Everything, Poteat!: An Intellectual (But Personal) Autobiography" in the Polanyi Society Journal Tradition and Discovery.:

Ricoeur's Freud and Philosophy... is a ponderous tome, and it was the assigned reading for the first class I had with Poteat. ... The "thing" that Ricouer was doing and that Poteat wanted us to experience, not just "see", was Ricoeur's not-so-latent Cartesianism. Poteat was convinced that in order for us to know something different from the Cartesian water that we swam in, it was necessary for us to struggle and struggle; ... It was only because I had struggled ... with Poteat and my fellow students that I could later see the same pattern in [other works].

Later in his life he described the principal focus of this teaching effort in the following words:
[It was] a sustained critical colloquy with three generations of graduate students set among a half-dozen or so "canonical" volumes in the context of our mutual search for the imagination's way out of what Walker Percy has called the 'old modern age.'
I, and my students in the measure to which they have truly joined the colloquy, have from the outset aspired to be radically critical of the Critical tradition of Modernity, which is to say, we have undertaken to become Post-Critical.
Like any parasite, this essentially polemical convivium has battened on its host, hoping, not to weaken and eventually bring down, but, rather, modestly to change the universities in which it was formed and by whose sufferance it has lived. At least those of us who have sustained this colloquy have hoped to be and have changed.

References

Further reading
 The Logic of Personal Knowledge: Essays Presented to Michael Polanyi on his Seventieth Birthday (London: Rutledge and Kegan Paul, 1961).
 Intellect and Hope: Essays on the Thought of Michael Polanyi, edited by Thomas A. Langford and William H. Poteat (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1968). Poteat is the author of three of the essays included in this volume: "Upon Sitting Down to Read Personal Knowledge...: An Introduction", pp. 3–18; "Myths, Stories, History, Eschatology and Action: Some Polanyian Meditations", pp. 198–231, and "Appendix", pp. 449–455, which explains Polanyi's unusual use of the concept "unspecifiable" in connection with his account of tacit knowledge.
 "Evángelos Moustákas: Essays in Form and Line" a brochure prepared by W. Stephen Gardner for the Duke University Art Museum exhibit, 1970.
 Polanyian Meditations: In Search of a Post-Critical Logic (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1985). For Poteat's most complete discussion of "mindbody," see that book (consult subject index on "mindbody"). Also in that book Poteat uses the phrase "existential phenomenology" to describe much of his method in Chapter I, pp. 21ff.
 A Philosophical Daybook: Post-Critical Investigations (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1990).
 The Primacy of Persons and the Language of Culture: Essays by William H. Poteat, edited by James M. Nickell and James W. Stines (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1993). (Collection of essays published by Poteat between 1953 and 1981, along with some unpublished essays.)
 Recovering the Ground: Critical Exercises in Recollection (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994).
 Polanyi's official biography, Michael Polanyi: Scientist and Philosopher (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) by William Taussig Scott and Martin X. Moleski.

Modernism
Modernity
Cartesianism


title: Onondaga Council

text:
The Onondaga Council governs the Onondaga Nation, a sovereign nation, one of six nations of the Iroquois people, that lives on a portion of its ancestral territory and maintains its own distinct laws, language, customs, and culture. The "nation" is not governed by a Council of Chiefs since the notion of federalism and proportional representation was strictly adhered to. After the dissolution of the League, interests lie only in external matters such as war, peace, and treaty-making to further the unanimity of the United States government. Since Tadodaho was appointed to the council fire and given weapons to protect the sacred fire within the house, the Grand Council could not interfere in the internal affairs of the tribe. Their role was limited to matters between themselves and other tribes; they had no say in matters that were traditionally the concern of the ability of the clan names.

The Onondaga Nation government does not pay income, sales, or excise taxes to New York State or to the federal government of the United States, nor does it receive any of the benefits paid for by these taxes.

Present day
The Onondaga Nation is an independent nation. A Confederacy of Haudenosaunee exists but without formal political function. The Grand Council of the Iroquois League is composed of 56 Hoyenah (chiefs) or Sachems. The chiefs are all considered to have an equal voice. The seats on the council are distributed among the Six Nations as follows:

 14 Onondaga
 10 Cayuga
 9 Oneida
 9 Mohawk
 8 Seneca
 6 Tuscarora

The chiefs make decisions to protect their people, looking forward seven generations to the future in each decision. The Great Peacemaker leads the Council in effigy. He is the embodiment of supreme sacrifice since it is Ionhawatha who was held to the Mohawk fires. As the Tadodaho reigns to resolve Ionhawath's dead children, so will The Great Peacemaker be held to relevancy in light of universal suffrage.

The Onondaga Hoyane is divided into three separate benches, which make decisions by consensus. A decision made by the tree branches is said to be "Of One Mind". A person serves as Hoyane for life and the "Clan Mother" helps to identify leaders in the community to serve in this position.

See also
 Onondaga people
 Onondaga Reservation

References

Council
Native American organizations


title: Pir Sohrab Rural District

text:
Pir Sohrab Rural District () is in Pir Sohrab District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Owraki Bozorg-e Olya.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 20,281 in 3,798 households, when it was in the Central District. There were 23,952 inhabitants in 5,347 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 25,265 in 6,493 households. The largest of its 116 villages was Owraki Bozorg-e Olya, with 417 people.

After the census, the rural district was separated from the Central District, elevated to the status of a district, and divided into two rural districts (Bajar Bazar and Pir Sohrab) and no cities.

References

Chabahar County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Jimmy Duggan (hurler)

text:
James Duggan (1930 – 29 October 2023) was an Irish hurler. At club level he played with Liam Mellows, and also lined out at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team.

Career
Born in the College Road of Galway, Duggan first played competitive hurling whilst at school at St Patrick's College. He first played at inter-county level with Galway as a member of the minor team before later lining out with the junior team. Duggan joined the senior team during their successful 1950-51 National Hurling League campaign. He was an All-Ireland SHC final runner-up in 1953, 1955 and 1958.

Duggan's club career saw him win four Galway SHC medals with the Liam Mellows club. He also earned selection to the Connacht team in the Railway Cup and was also part of the Rest of Ireland team. Duggan also became an accomplished referee during his playing days and refereed the 1964 All-Ireland minor final, the 1965 All-Ireland under-21 final and the 1966 Railway Cup final.

Personal life and death
Duggan's brothers, Seánie and Paddy, also played hurling for Galway, while their sister, Monica, played camogie for Galway. He spent his working life with Kelly Office Printing and retired after reaching the position of manager. Duggan was also involved in the promotion of underage hurling in Galway and held numerous officer roles in divisional boards and at county level and served as vice-chairman of the Galway County Board for a period.

Duggan died on 29 October 2023, at the age of 93.

Honours
Liam Mellows
Galway Senior Club Hurling Championship: 1954, 1955, 1968, 1970

Galway
National Hurling League: 1950-51

References

1930 births
2023 deaths
Liam Mellows hurlers
Galway City hurlers
Galway inter-county hurlers
Connacht inter-provincial hurlers
Hurling referees


title: Markus Høiberg

text:
Markus Snøve Høiberg (born 6 June 1991) is a Norwegian curler from Oslo. He was born in Oppdal. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi as the alternate for the Norwegian men's team. He won a gold medal at the 2014 World Men's Curling Championship as a member of the team.

Høiberg currently plays second for the Steffen Walstad rink on the World Curling Tour.

Personal life
Høiberg works as a financial risk analyst.

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Oppdal
Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Norwegian male curlers
Olympic curlers for Norway
World curling champions
Sportspeople from Oslo
European curling champions
Universiade medalists in curling
Universiade bronze medalists for Norway
Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade
Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
21st-century Norwegian people
Competitors at the 2017 Winter Universiade


title: Bahu Kalat Rural District

text:
Bahu Kalat Rural District () is in Bahu Kalat District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dempak Bazar.

At the National Census of 2006, its population (as a part of the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County) was 24,478 in 4,908 households. There were 30,646 inhabitants in 6,597 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 34,748 in 8,119 households. The largest of its 82 villages was Darkas, with 3,959 people.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: Henryk Derczyński

text:
Henryk Derczyński (1906–1981) was a photographer who lived in Poland.

Career
Derczyński was a leading photographer in 20th century Poland. He was educated in Warsaw. After World War II, he documented the fate of citizens forcibly moved to the city of Wrocław (Breslau). He later established the Cabinet of Photography in the National Museum, Wrocław. The city developed into a centre of Polish photography, and Derczyński worked at the forefront of the realist style prevalent at the time.

Exhibitions and publications
Derczyński displayed numerous exhibitions and wrote many books, including the biography of Jan Bułhak—the father of Polish photography—that is considered the most sought-after.

Inventions
He also created an isohelia technology, a technique that sharpens contrasts and defines three-dimensional images, under the brand name "izobrom".

References

1906 births
Photographers from Wrocław
1981 deaths
Polish male writers
20th-century Polish inventors


title: Negur Rural District

text:
Negur Rural District () is in the Central District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nowbandian-e Pain.

At the National Census of 2006, its population (as a part of the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County) was 17,425 in 3,254 households. There were 19,831 inhabitants in 4,024 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 21,092 in 4,727 households. The largest of its 77 villages was Kalber, with 1,280 people.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: Maheswar Neog

text:
Professor Maheswar Neog (7 September 1915 – 13 September 1995) was an Indian academic who specialised in the cultural history of the North East India especially Assam, besides being an Assamese-language scholar and poet. He was a top Indologist, and his work covers all disciplines of Indian studies, folk-lore, language, dance, history, music, religion, drama, fine arts, paintings, historiography and hagiography, lexicography and orthography, epigraphy and ethnography. His research includes multi-dimensional features of Vaishnava renaissance in Assam through Srimanta Sankardev, Madhabdev, Damodardev, Haridev, Bhattadev and other Vaishnava saints of Assam.

An editorial in The Assam Tribune called him "a versatile scholar and visionary thinker with encyclopedic range." He remained Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at Gauhati University and later Saint Sankaradeva Professor at Punjabi University.

He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour in 1974, also in the same year he remained the President of Asam Sahitya Sabha (Assam Literary Society). In 1994, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship the highest honour conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama.

Bibliography

References

1915 births
1995 deaths
Cultural history of Assam
Cultural historians
Scholars from Assam
Assamese-language poets
Academic staff of Gauhati University
Poets from Assam
Asom Sahitya Sabha Presidents
People from Sivasagar district
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian historians
Academic staff of Punjabi University
Indian male poets
Historians of Northeast India
20th-century Indian male writers


title: Sand-e Mir Suiyan Rural District

text:
Sand-e Mir Suiyan Rural District () is in the Central District of Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sand-e Mir Suiyan.

At the National Census of 2006, its (as a part of the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County) population was 12,151 in 2,387 households. There were 17,654 inhabitants in 3,453 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 18,401 in 3,913 households. The largest of its 36 villages was Beris (now a city), with 4,488 people.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: Talang Rural District (Qasr-e Qand County)

text:
Talang Rural District () is in Talang District of Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Talang.

At the National Census of 2006, its population (as a part of Polan District of Chabahar County) was 14,251 in 3,064 households. There were 16,474 inhabitants in 3,964 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 13,791 in 3,777 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the county and became Talang District as a part of the newly established Qasr-e Qand County. The largest of its 52 villages was Dirman, with 826 people.

References

Qasr-e Qand County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Qasr-e Qand County


title: Polan Rural District

text:
Polan Rural District () is in Polan District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Polan.

At the National Census of 2006, its population was 28,799 in 5,352 households. There were 31,767 inhabitants in 7,275 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 33,004 in 8,812 households. The largest of its 116 villages was Sediq Zehi, with 1,852 people.

References

Chabahar County

Rural Districts of Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Hashim Djojohadikusumo

text:
Hashim Djojohadikusumo is an Indonesian entrepreneur and politician.

Early life and education

Hashim was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 5 June 1954. From a distinguished family, he is the youngest son of Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, the architect of the economic plan for the New Order, and Dora Marie Sigar. Hashim's mother was a Protestant Christian of Minahasan descent, who originated from the Maengkom family in Langowan, North Sulawesi. His grandfather was one of the founders of Bank Negara Indonesia, Margono Djojohadikusumo. Hashim Djojohadikusumo is the younger brother of Prabowo Subianto.

Hashim studied in Europe from primary school to high school, before continuing his higher education at Pomona College, where he majored in Political Science and Economics.

Business career

In the beginning, Hashim Djojohadikusumo interned in a French investment bank as a financial analyst. He then continued his path towards the business world in becoming the director of Indo Consulting. Due to his rising development in the industry and business aspect, he then took acquisition of PT. Semen Cibinong through his company, PT. Tirta Mas. After that, he started investing his shares in Bank Niaga and Bank Kredit Asia and became a conglomerate. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1998 led to Hashim's stay in London for 9 years to be able to focus on his business. It was during that time his business progressed and spread. His successes led him back to Indonesia to save his brother's business, Kiani Kertas, that was wrapped in a Rp. 1.9 Trillion debt with Bank Mandiri. Up to this day, Prabowo's company is owned by Hashim.

After successfully saving Prabowo's company, Hashim Djojohadikusumo also achieved control over the concession of forestry land, around , in Central Aceh. The concession pushed him to expand his business to reach  of plantations, forest concessions, coal mines, and oil & gas fields ranging from Aceh to Papua. As of 2014, he was considered a billionaire. As of December 2019, Forbes estimates his net worth at $800 million, making him one of Indonesia's 50 wealthiest individuals.

Philanthropy

Hashim has devoted the past twenty years to a variety of pressing social issues in Indonesia. He is the founder of the Arsari Djojohadikusumo Foundation, which was established in honor of his late father, Professor Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, a former Indonesian economist considered the architect of the country's modern economy. The Foundation funded The Sumitro Djojohadikusumo Center for Emerging Economies in Southeast Asia (SDCEESEA) at the Center for Strategic and International Studies The SDCEESEA conducts research on U.S.-Indonesia relations and Southeast Asia. It includes a proactive program to promote deeper understanding and closer relations between the United States and Southeast Asia.

The Arsari Foundation has been collaborating with the Gadjah Mada University since 2007. In 2018 the foundation announced it would provide scholarships to students and lecturers in order to help the university advance the preservation of Javanese culture. Hashim was listed as a Hero of Philanthropy by Forbes Asia in 2011 due to his foundation's ongoing contribution to the preservation of Indonesian heritage.

Other notable achievements include: the backing of programs to save the orangutan and honey bears of Kalimantan (Borneo), and the welfare of the wild elephant population of Sumatra. He is a board member of the Institute for the Preservation of the Indonesian Heritage (“Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia”) and the Indonesian Shadow Puppeteers Association (“PEPADI”). He becomes the Chairman for Indonesian Chess Association (Percasi) in 2010. Hashim's other interests include equestrian sports, and he is a founding member of the polo association in Indonesia.

Columnist

Since early 2014, Hashim has been selected to write an occasional column for the Huffington Post.

Controversies

Hashim Djojohadikusumo has been linked to various controversies. In 2002, Hashim Djojohadikusumo was arrested after, allegedly, misusing funds for bailing out collapsed and failed banks, including Hashim's banks, in the BLBI (Liquidity Assistance of Bank of Indonesia).

Personal life
Hashim is married to Anie Hashim Djojohadikusumo, with whom he has 3 children: Aryo Puspito Setyaki Djojohadikusumo, Rahayu Saraswati Dhirakanya Djojohadikusumo, and Siti Indrawati Djojohadikusumo. Hashim is a convert to Christianity.

References

1954 births
Living people
Minahasa people
Indonesian billionaires
Hashim
Pomona College alumni
Claremont Graduate University alumni
Indonesian Christians
Converts to Christianity from Islam
Indonesian former Muslims


title: Junior Etémé Mbatama

text:
Junior Etémé Mbatama (born 21 November 1992) is a Cameroonian footballer, who plays as a midfielder.

External links

1992 births
Living people
Cameroonian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Cameroonian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005) players
Cameroon men's youth international footballers


title: DFS Sperber Junior

text:
The DFS Sperber Junior () was a competition sailplane designed for Hanna Reitsch and built in Germany in 1936.

Design and development

The Sperber Junior, was designed as a development of the Rhönsperber for Hanna Reitsch by Hans Jacobs.  It had much in common with his other Rhönsperber development, the Sperber Senior, though the latter was intended for large pilots.  Reitsch's small and light frame allowed  a narrower cockpit than in the Senior in a revised, more slender forward fuselage, a tight fit for her and too small for her contemporaries.  This increased the fuselage length, though the span was  less.  A different airfoil section, the same as on the Rhönsperber, was used and the gull wing was more pronounced with airbrakes on the inner wing.

It was a shoulder wing aircraft with a double straight tapered gull wing, built around two spars and fabric covered apart from the leading edge from the front spar forward and the wing roots, which were plywood skinned. The wing roots were carefully faired into the fuselage.  The inner panels, filling about one third of the span had only slight taper, the sweep entirely on the trailing edge; the inner parts of them carried about 10° of dihedral but they flattened outboard.  Spoilers were mounted on the bend, behind the front spar and opening above the wing.  The outer panels had no dihedral but were strongly tapered, swept mostly on the trailing edge with a taper ratio of 0.42.  Ailerons occupied the whole of the outer panels' trailing edges.

The Junior had a completely ply covered fuselage with a narrow ovoid cross section which tapered progressively to the tail. The cockpit was just ahead of the wing, under a largely ply fairing smoothly integrated into the nose and fuselage; its only transparencies were portholes in its slightly concave sides.  The cockpit fairing was removable for access; aft, it blended immediately into the fuselage line without the long fairing of the Sperber Senior. A tapered, round tipped and largely fabric covered horizontal tail was mounted on top of the fuselage, far enough forward to place the trailing edges of its elevators at the rudder hinge line.  The latter was mounted on a narrow ply covered fin, carefully faired into the fuselage and extending below it to form a tail bumper.  The mostly fabric covered rudder was full, curved and slightly pointed, likewise extending below the fuselage.  A short skid from just behind the nose to beyond mid-chord completed the undercarriage.

Operational history
As a woman Reitsch had serious problems with her admission into the 1936 German National Competitions on the Wasserkuppe but managed fifth place. In May 1937 she was one of a group of five pilots who soared from Salzburg across the Alps for 100 miles into Italy.  After that she became more absorbed in military testing and the Junior was lost in World War II.

Specifications

References

1930s German sailplanes
DFS aircraft
Shoulder-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Gull-wing aircraft


title: Pål H. Christiansen

text:
Pål Herman Christiansen (born 9 September 1958, Oslo) is a Norwegian novelist and children's book author.

Biography

Christiansen was born in Oslo in 1958. From 1973 to 1977 he attended Oslo Commerce School. In 1978 he studied law at the University of Oslo where he later dropped out. In 1985 Christiansen took a short writing course at the Telemark University College.

In 1989 he debuted his first novel "Harry var ikke ved sine fulle fem" (Harry was not in his right mind). He has since released a total of five novels and eleven children's books. His novel "Drømmer om storhet" from 2002 got attention from fans of pop group a-ha worldwide and the English version "The Scoundrel Days of Hobo Highbrow" was published in 2008. In 1996 Christiansen became a member of the Norwegian Authors' Union.

Christiansen was the recipient of the 2001 Tiden-prisen Prize for his distinct voice in the literary landscape.

Bibliography
2002 – The Scoundrel Days of Hobo Highbrow (Drømmer om storhet) – translated into English by Jon Buscall in 2008

Awards and prizes
2001: Tiden-prisen Prize

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
Norwegian children's writers
20th-century Norwegian novelists
21st-century Norwegian novelists


title: Chad Haga

text:
Chad Haga (; born August 26, 1988) is an American professional road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .

Career
He was born in McKinney, Texas and attended Texas A&M University where he earned his Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 2010. While there he raced collegiately with the Texas A&M Cycling Team and as an amateur with Team Brain and Spine Cycling and Super Squadra. After Graduation he joined the Rio Grande Cycling squad. He began racing professionally in 2011 after joining , before joining  in 2014.

On January 23, 2016, while training in Caple, Spain, Haga was one of the six members of the  hit by a motorist who drove into on-coming traffic. All riders were in stable condition.

Haga started the 2018 season by racing the Tour Down Under. In July 2018, he was named in the start list for the Tour de France. He won the final individual time trial stage of the 2019 Giro d'Italia, his first victory in a Grand Tour.

After eight seasons with  and its precursors, Haga rejoined his first professional team, renamed as , for the 2022 season.

Major results

2011
 1st Prologue Mount Hood Classic
 3rd Overall Tour of Elk Grove
2012
 1st Prologue Cascade Cycling Classic
 4th Copperas Cove Classic
2013
 1st  Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
 1st Prologue Tour of Elk Grove
 2nd Overall Volta ao Alentejo
 2nd Overall Redlands Bicycle Classic
1st Stage 1
 3rd USA Cycling National Racing Calendar
 3rd Overall McLane Pacific Classic
 3rd Overall Cascade Cycling Classic
 5th Time trial, National Road Championships
 10th Overall Tour of California
2017
 1st Mount Evans Hill Climb
2018
 2nd  Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
2019
 1st Stage 21 (ITT) Giro d'Italia
2020
 5th Overall Czech Cycling Tour
 6th Overall Okolo Slovenska
2021
 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links

USA Cycling rider results

1988 births
Living people
American male cyclists
American Giro d'Italia stage winners
Sportspeople from McKinney, Texas
Cyclists from Texas


title: Tom Dyckhoff

text:
Tom Dyckhoff is a British writer, broadcaster and historian on architecture, design and cities. He has worked in television, radio, exhibitions, print and online media.
He is best known for being a BBC TV presenter of The Great Interior Design Challenge, The Culture Show, I Love Carbuncles, The Secret Life of Buildings (on Channel 4) and Saving Britain's Past.

Early life
He went to Aylesbury Grammar School (between 1983 and 1987) and then to the private Royal Grammar School Worcester (1987–1989).

Dyckhoff then received a BA in Geography from Oxford University,

Career
He began his career in September 1995, at Perspectives on Architecture, (the Prince of Wales's architectural magazine), before becoming assistant editor at Design magazine, and then exhibitions curator at the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1998. Between 1999 and 2003 was deputy editor of "Space", The Guardian newspaper's design and homes section, and worked on its Weekend magazine.

He is teaching fellow in the history and theory of architecture and cities at the Bartlett School of Architecture at University College London. He is also History and Theory Tutor in MArch Architecture at Central Saint Martins. He has also taught at other institutions including Design Academy Eindhoven; University of Westminster, London; Cass School of Architecture, London Metropolitan University; and at the Architectural Association, London.

Dyckhoff wrote a weekly column for The Guardian newspaper's Weekend magazine from 2001 until 2020, and from 2003 to 2011, he was the architecture and design critic for The Times newspaper in London.
He has written for international publications such as Blueprint, Architects' Journal, GQ, Arena, Wallpaper, Domus, New Statesman, Monocle and Icon. He has taught at University College London, where he was honorary senior research associate, acts as a visiting critic and lecturer at other universities, and regularly holds lectures and hosts events.

Dyckhoff is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, has been a trustee of the Architecture Foundation, and was on the national shortlisting jury for the Stirling Prize for architecture from 2008 to 2012. In 2013 he was a judge on The Stirling Prize.

He has also sat on the architecture committees of the Arts Council, the British Council and the Twentieth Century Society (which campaigns for 20th century heritage), and on the British Council jury selecting the British Pavilion at the Venice Biennale.

In 2013, he began making radio programmes for BBC Radio 4, such as a documentary on Buckminster Fuller (an American design polymath), and a regular series on design, The Design Dimension.
He was an editorial consultant behind rethinking the 21st edition of Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture. In 2017, Penguin Random House published his first book, The Age of Spectacle: adventures in architecture and the 21st-century city, a history of architecture and cities since the 1970s.

Television career
Dyckhoff's first documentary was a one off, in 2004, about brutalist architecture for Channel 4, I Love Carbuncles. From 2006 to 2016, he was a Culture Show presenter, where he wrote and presented a range of short and full-length documentaries on diverse subjects, with interviewees, such as Frank Gehry, Ikea, Chinese design and architecture, Oscar Niemeyer, Thomas Heatherwick, Dieter Rams and Lego.

In 2009, he presented Saving Britain's Past, an exploration of Britain's relationship with heritage, on BBC2.

In 2011, he was a presenter of Channel 4's three-part series Secret Life of Buildings, which used the latest research in psychology and neuroscience and real-life experiments to examine the impact of spaces and architecture on our brains and bodies.

In 2013, he began presenting The Great Interior Design Challenge on BBC 2. He then presented Series 2 (Oct/ Nov 2014), Series 3 (Feb 2016) and Series 4 (Jan 2017) as well.

In 2022, he is a judge on the 2nd series of Channel 4's Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker, a carpentry talent competitions show presented by Mel Giedroyc. He joins woodworking expert Sophie Sellu.

Personal life
He lives in South East London, with his family. He is married to Claire.

Bibliography

Co-authored with Claire Barrett

Co-authored with Sophie Robinson, Daniel Hopwood and Katherine Sorrell

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
21st-century English writers
English television presenters
The Guardian journalists
People educated at Aylesbury Grammar School
People educated at the Royal Grammar School Worcester
Academics of Central Saint Martins
Handmade: Britain's Best Woodworker


title: William Knight (Wisconsin politician)

text:
William Knight (December 7, 1843 – January 13, 1941), often referred to as Wm. Knight, was a businessman from Bayfield, Wisconsin, involved at one time or another as a merchant, in lumbering, banking, selling real estate, and orchardist, who served one term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Background and early years
Knight was born December 7, 1843, on a farm in Kent County, Delaware, near Dover. Until the age of twelve, he attended his local public schools. At that time, he switched to academies in Camden and then Dover, followed by two years at the Hudson River Institute in Claverack, New York.

After leaving school, he moved to Detroit, where he worked as a clerk at a mustering and disbursement office of the United States government. He left Detroit in 1867, going first to St. Louis, then to Wyoming (where he operated as a merchant). He left there in 1869, coming to Bayfield, where he settled (except for a year in Ashland, spending most of the ensuing decades in the banking and lumbering trades. By 1910, he had shifted to selling real estate and developing fruit orchards.

Public office
Knight had already served on his town board and his county board of supervisors, as well as county clerk and treasurer (appointed to fill a vacancy in 1896) of Bayfield County, Wisconsin when he was elected in 1910 to represent the Assembly seat for Bayfield, Sawyer and Washburn counties. A Republican, he received 2,558 votes to 355 for Social Democrat H. Johnson (Republican incumbent Frank Hammill was not a candidate). He was assigned to the standing committee on banks, and the joint committee on finance.

His Assembly district was divided up in the 1911 redistricting of the Assembly, and he was not a candidate for re-election. In his home county of Bayfield (now its own district), he was succeeded by Hubert Peavey, a self-described Progressive Republican.

Orchardist
Knight was a member of the Bayfield Peninsula Horticultural Society and a life member of the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, although as an orchardist he described himself as "a layman in this business." He was an avid advocate of orchard fruit growing in Bayfield County's "Fruit District." He was honored by the Wisconsin Horticultural Society for his achievements in 1930.

Knight died at Dousman, Wisconsin on January 13, 1941.

References

External links

American bankers
American merchants
American orchardists
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
People from Bayfield, Wisconsin
People from Kent County, Delaware
1843 births
1941 deaths
Claverack College alumni
Farmers from Wisconsin
19th-century American merchants


title: List of Lithuanians and Catholics

text:
The List of Lithuanians and Catholics (, LKS) was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period.

History
The party contested the 1920 Constitutional Assembly elections, but failed to win a seat. The 1922 elections saw the party win a single seat. The party did not run in the 1925 elections, and failed to win a seat when they returned for the 1928 elections. Thereafter the LKS did not contest any further elections.

References

Defunct political parties in Latvia
Catholicism in Latvia
Lithuanian diaspora in Europe
Catholic political parties
Political parties of minorities in Latvia


The 1976 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 2, 1976, as part of the 1976 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

New Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Gerald Ford of Michigan and his running mate Senator Bob Dole of Kansas. Ford and Dole defeated the Democratic nominees, Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia and his running mate Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota.

Ford took 54.75% of the vote to Carter's 43.47%, a margin of 11.28%. Anti-war former Democratic Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota, running as an Independent presidential candidate, came in a distant third, with 1.21%. New Hampshire in this era normally leaned Republican, having not gone Democratic since the nationwide Democratic landslide of 1964. The Northern moderate Republican Ford easily triumphed in New Hampshire over the Southern Democrat Jimmy Carter.

On the county map, Ford won nine of New Hampshire's ten counties, with only rural Coos County in the far north of the state giving a 51-49 majority to Carter. In a sign of the state's Republican trend that would occur in the 1970s and 1980s, even while narrowly losing the national race, Ford won two of the state's traditional New Deal Democratic counties, with a majority win in Hillsborough County and a plurality win in Strafford County. Since 1932, both of these counties, along with Coos County, had gone Democratic in every close presidential election or Democratic victory, voting every time for Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Hubert H. Humphrey. Carter became the first Democrat to win the White House without carrying Hillsborough County and Strafford County since Grover Cleveland in 1892.

Ford's decisive victory in New Hampshire, while narrowly losing the national race, would make the state over 13% more Republican than the national average in the 1976 election. This is also the most recent presidential election when a Democrat would win a presidential election without carrying New Hampshire, and the last presidential election until 2016 when the winner of Coös County did not also carry the state as well. The state would not vote for a losing candidate again until 2004.

Results

Results by county

Counties flipped from Republican to Democratic
 Coös

See also
 Presidency of Jimmy Carter
 United States presidential elections in New Hampshire

References

1976
New Hamp
1976 New Hampshire elections


title: Puhl & Wagner

text:
Puhl & Wagner was the largest German company for the production of glass mosaics and stained glass. Based in Berlin and headquartered in Neukölln, the company traded from 1889 to 1969.  From 1914 to 1933, the firm was known as Puhl & Wagner Gottfried Heinersdorff, but Heinersdorff was denied his partnership and administrative position in the firm after being declared a "half-Jew" (Halbjude in German) during the rise of Adolf Hitler and National-socialism.

History
Puhl & Wagner was founded in 1889 in Berlin. Commissions from Wilhelm II confirmed the company as the country's leading producer of  glass mosaics. By 1904 the company required a new building which was designed by Franz Schwechten. Puhl & Wagner merged in 1914 with the company belonging to Gottfried Heinersdorff who had excellent connections with several contemporary artists. The new company, which was named "Puhl & Wagner Gottfried Heinersdorff", produced stained glass and mosaics.

After the Nazis came to power the company won further commissions and after the war received orders from private businesses. In 1969, as a result of the Berlin Wall, the company stopped trading in 1969. The company archives are now held in public ownership.

Puhl & Wagner is probably best known in Sweden for their mosaics in the Golden Hall of the Stockholm City Hall which was constructed between 1921 and 1923.

Example work

References
This article is partially based on material from the German Wikipedia

External links

German stained glass artists and manufacturers
German companies established in 1889
Manufacturing companies established in 1889


title: Adem Grabovci

text:
Adem Grabovci (born 9 April 1960) is a Kosovan politician and a secretary of the Democratic Party of Kosovo.

Early activity
Adem Grabovci was born in the village of Staraduran, Pejë. He was a political prisoner from 1984 to 1989 and pioneered the reconciliation of blood feuds in 1990. After fleeing to Switzerland, he served as chairman of the People's Movement of Kosovo branch in Switzerland and was a member of the Popular Movement for the diaspora. He was one of the founders of the fund "Homeland Calling" () which collected financial contribution from Albanian diaspora during the war. He was one of the founders of the KLA, and a member of the General Staff of the KLA.

Political career

In the elections of 17 November 2007, Grabovci was elected member of the Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo. He is currently a member, and also member of the Commission for the Supervision of Public Finances. Grabovci serves as chairman of the parliamentary group of the Democratic Party of Kosovo where he was a co-founder in 1999, and also chairman of the Democratic Party of Kosovo in Peja since 2005. He previously served as Secretary of Finance of PDK, Deputy Minister of Transport and Telecommunications from 2007 under Fatmir Limaj, and Minister of Finances in the Hashim Thaci's provisional government.

Personal life
Grabovci is married and has 2 children living in Prishtina. He teaches law at the University of Pristina, Faculty of Law. In addition to Albanian he also speaks German, Serbian, and Slovenian.

References

1960 births
Living people
Politicians from Peja
Kosovan lawyers
Kosovo Liberation Army soldiers


title: Logie Award for Most Popular New Talent

text:
The Silver Logie for Most Popular New Talent, also known as the Graham Kennedy Award for Most Popular New Talent, is an award presented at the Australian TV Week Logie Awards. The award recognises the popularity of a new talent in an Australian program. The program may or may not be the nominee's first television appearance, however it should be their first major television role.

It was first awarded at the 22nd Annual TV Week Logie Awards ceremony, held in 1980 and originally called Most Popular New Talent. This award category was eliminated in 1999 and replaced by the Most Popular New Male Talent and Most Popular New Female Talent categories. After a 15-year absence, the Most Popular New Talent category was reintroduced in 2014 to replace the gender specific categories. It was briefly renamed Best New Talent (2016-2017). From 2018, the award category name was reverted to Most Popular New Talent.

The winner and nominees of Most Popular New Talent are chosen by the public through an online voting survey on the TV Week website. Neighbours and Home and Away have the most recipients of this award, with four wins each.

Winners and nominees

Multiple wins

See also
George Wallace Memorial Logie for Best New Talent
Graham Kennedy Award for Most Outstanding Newcomer
Logie Award for Most Popular New Male Talent
Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent

References

Awards established in 1980


title: Agudas Israel (Latvia)

text:
Agudas Israel (Hebrew for "Union of Israel") was a political party in Latvia in the inter-war period. Primarily a party of the Orthodox Jews, it was the most conservative of the Jewish parties in the country, seeking to limit the power of state monopolies. It was led by Mordehai Dubin.

History
The party first contested national elections in 1922, when it won two seats in the 1st Saeima. It retained both seats in the 2nd Saeima after the 1925 elections, but was reduced to one seat in the 1928 elections. The 1931 elections saw the party win two seats in the 4th Saeima. However, after the 1934 Latvian coup d'état multi-party elections were not held again until 1990.

See also
History of the Jews in Latvia
Ceire Cion

References

Defunct political parties in Latvia
Jews and Judaism in Latvia
Jewish Latvian history
Political parties of minorities in Latvia
Jewish political parties
Agudat Yisrael


title: Esmail Bazar Mahrek Jamik

text:
Esmail Bazar Mahrek Jamik (, also Romanized as Esmāʿīl Bāzār Mahrek Jamīk) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 123, in 27 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Bahu Kalat

text:
Bahu Kalat (, also Romanized as Bāhū Kalāt) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District of Bahu Kalat District, Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the district.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,016 in 198 households, when it was in the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,294 people in 264 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,055 people in 221 households.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: Bechu Bazar

text:
Bechu Bazar (, also Romanized as Bechū Bāzār) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 183, in 43 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Ball-e Dad Rahman

text:
Ball-e Dad Rahman (, also Romanized as Ball-e Dād Raḩmān and Bal-e Dād Raḩmān) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 120, in 21 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Basut-e Bala

text:
Basut-e Bala (, also Romanized as Basūt-e Bālā and Besūt-e Bālā; also known as Basot, Bāst, Basūt, and Besūt) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 226, in 43 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Basut-e Hajji Hasan

text:
Basut-e Hajji Hasan (, also Romanized as Basūt-e Ḩājjī Ḩasan; also known as Basūt and Basūt-e Pā’īn) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 806, in 151 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Chagherbit-e Bala

text:
Chagherbit-e Bala (, also Romanized as Chagherbīt-e Bālā; also known as Jowgharbīt and Joghrbīt) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 10 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Chagherbit-e Pain

text:
Chagherbit-e Pain (, also Romanized as Chagherbīt-e Pā’īn; also known as Jowgharbīt and Joghrbīt) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 30 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Chavar, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Chavar (, also Romanized as Chāvār) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 106, in 20 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Dehgandar

text:
Dehgandar ( ; also known as Dehqāndar) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 19 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Dakk-e Bahu

text:
Dakk-e Bahu (, also Romanized as Dakk-e Bāhū and Dak-e Bāhū) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 565, in 130 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Dempak Bazar

text:
Dempak Bazar (, also Romanized as Dempak Bāzār; also known as Dempag and Dempak) is a village in, and the capital of, Bahu Kalat Rural District of Bahu Kalat District, Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,599 in 315 households, when it was in the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,676 people in 387 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,234 people in 572 households.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: Densar Mowladad

text:
Densar Mowladad (, also Romanized as Densar Mowlādād; also known as Densar Mowldād) is a village in Bahu Kalat Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 9 families.

References

Populated places in Chabahar County


title: Darkas

text:
Darkas (; also known as Dargas and Dargaz) is a village in, and the capital of, Darkas Rural District of Bahu Kalat District, Dashtiari County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,159 in 459 households, when it was in Bahu Kalat Rural District of the former Dashtiari District of Chabahar County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,863 people in 386 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 3,959 people in 882 households; it was the largest village in Bahu Kalat Rural District.

In 2018, Dashtiari District was elevated to the status of a county and divided into the Central and Bahu Kalat Districts, with four rural districts and the city of Negur as its capital.

References

Dashtiari County

Populated places in Dashtiari County


title: William F. O'Hare

text:
William F. O'Hare, S.J. (January 23, 1870 – October 11, 1926) was an American-born bishop of the Catholic Church. He served as the Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica from 1920 to 1926.

Biography
Born in South Boston, William Francis O'Hare received his primary and secondary education in Boston before enrolling in Boston College.  He made his novitiate in Frederick, Maryland and professed vows in the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) on August 15, 1880.  O'Hare continued his education at the College of the Sacred Heart in Woodstock, Maryland and was ordained a priest there by Cardinal James Gibbons of Baltimore on June 25, 1903.  He professed final vows on August 15, 1906.  On September 2, 1919 Pope Benedict XV appointed O'Hare as the Titular Bishop of Maximianopolis in Arabia and Vicar Apostolic of Jamaica.  He was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop Patrick Hayes of New York on February 25, 1920. The principal co-consecrators were Bishops Thomas Beaven of Springfield in Massachusetts and Edmund Gibbons of Albany.  O'Hare served as the Vicar Apostolic until his death at the age of 56 on October 11, 1926.

References

1870 births
1926 deaths
Roman Catholic clergy in the United States
19th-century American Jesuits
20th-century American Jesuits
Jesuit bishops
American Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in Jamaica
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Jamaica
20th-century American Roman Catholic titular bishops
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
American expatriates in Jamaica
Jesuit missionaries
Roman Catholic bishops of Kingston in Jamaica


title: Yves Benoit Bationo

text:
Yves Benoit Bationo (born 27 December 1993) is a professional footballer who most recently played as a midfielder for Italian club Portici. Born in Ivory Coast, he represents the Burkina Faso national team at international level.

Career
Born in N'Guinou, Bationo was a Parma player, but didn't make his debut for the side; instead he was on loan with a number of clubs, namely, Empoli (Serie B), Perugia (with no appearances), Gorica (Slovenian First League), Nîmes II (Championnat de France amateur 2) and San Marino Calcio (Lega Pro). He was bought by Tuttocuoio on a free transfer, after his contract ran out with Parma.

In January 2016, he was loaned to Savona.

On 23 August 2019, it was confirmed on Lega Serie A's official website, had Bationo had been registered for Hellas Verona from Casertana. However, he was loaned out to Albanian club Flamurtari Vlorë the following day to restart his career after three years without playing any official games.

On 15 April 2021, he joined Italian fourth-tier Serie D club Portici.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Citizens of Burkina Faso through descent
Burkinabé men's footballers
Burkina Faso men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Empoli FC players
ND Gorica players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Nîmes Olympique players
ASD Victor San Marino players
Expatriate men's footballers in San Marino
Hellas Verona FC players
Flamurtari FC players
AC Tuttocuoio 1957 San Miniato players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Championnat National 3 players
Ivorian people of Burkinabé descent
Sportspeople of Burkinabé descent
People from Lacs District
Burkinabé expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
21st-century Burkinabé people
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in San Marino
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in San Marino
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in France
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Burkinabé expatriate sportspeople in Albania


title: Paronychia rugelii

text:
Paronychia rugelii, common name Rugel's nailwort, is a plant native to the US states of Georgia and Florida. It can be found in woodlands and on disturbed sites at elevations below 200 m (667 feet). They are sometimes referred to as sand squares.

Paronychia rugelii is an annual herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall, nearly the entire above-ground parts with hairs. Leaves are ovate to lanceolate, up to 6 mm (0.24 inches) long. Flowers are reddish-brown and white.

References

rugelii
Flora of Georgia (U.S. state)
Flora of Florida
Taxa named by Alvan Wentworth Chapman
Taxa named by Robert J. Shuttleworth


title: James Bowen (railroad executive)

text:
James Bowen (February 25, 1808 – September 29, 1886) was the president of Erie Railroad who served as a Union Army general during the American Civil War.

Biography
James Bowen was born at New York City February 25, 1808. His father was a merchant of ample means, and the son was liberally educated. He was not trained to any profession or business calling, but he cultivated habits of business voluntarily and intuitively. He was a close and persistent student of public affairs, and among his intimate associates were Daniel Webster, Gen. James Watson Webb, William H. Seward, Philip Hone, Moses H. Grinnell, Charles A. Peabody (subsequently of national fame as a jurist, who is the only survivor of that notable coterie), and men of similar cast and bent of mind. Most of them were members of a society famous in its day as the Hone Club. Its membership was not only exclusive but limited. Healey's celebrated painting of Webster belonged to this club, and a resolution was passed by the club that the painting should pass to the heirs of the last surviving member. James Bowen was that one, and the painting is now in the possession of Gen. Alexander S. Webb, of New York, to whom it was willed by him.

Early in life Mr. Bowen developed a taste for rural life, and he purchased an estate in Westchester County, which was ever after his home. Railroad affairs attracted his attention while the New York and Erie Railroad was in its earliest struggles, and it was at the request of James Watson Webb that he took a leading part in the direction of that company. He was elected a director in 1839; vice-president and treasurer, April 30, 1840, and president pro tern, May 27, 1841, and president in October, 1841.

Upon the passage of the act creating the Metropolitan Police of New York City in 1857, James Bowen was appointed by Governor King one of the first Board of Police Commissioners under that act, his associates in the Board being Simeon Draper, James W. Nye (afterward United States Senator), James S. T. Stranahan, and Jacob Chandler. Mr. Bowen was elected president of the Board, and had charge during the exciting and riotous days of Mayor Fernando Wood's organized but unsuccessful opposition to the replacing of his police force by the new one.

During the Civil War Mr. Bowen organized six regiments of volunteers. He ceased to be president of the Police' Board at the close of 1862. He was appointed general of the brigade composed chiefly of the six regiments he had enlisted. He went to New Orleans with his command, where he served one year, when he was appointed provost marshal of that department, which embraced Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama, as far as the United States Government had regained control over these States. Just before the war ended General Bowen was compelled by broken health to resign from the army. He returned home, and was soon appointed a Commissioner of Charity and Correction of New York City. While he was in office the Legislature increased the salary of these commissioners from §5,000 to $10,000 a year. General Bowen declared at a meeting of the Board that the increase was an outrage, and he resolutely refused to receive more than the former salary. The attitude he took in the matter resulted in the repeal of the law that authorized the increase. General Bowen served two terms as charity commissioner, and introduced the ambulance system in the hospital service. He greatly improved the standing and efficacy of Bellevue Hospital, by insisting that the best medical skill should be employed there, with the result that to-day a course in the Bellevue Hospital practical schooling in medicine and surgesis considered recommendation sufficient as to the capacity of any beginner in the professional practice of medical science.

Family
In 1842 James Bowen married Eliza Livingston. She died in 1872. In 1874 he married Josephine Oothout, daughter of John Oothout, then president of the Bank of New York. He survived her, and married Athenia Livingston, a cousin of his first wife. There were no children by either marriage.

General Bowen died September 29, 1886, at Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, where he owned a fine estate, his home being preeminently one of culture and refinement. He was a man of entirely domestic habits, of quiet temperament and fine literary taste. His widow married Judge Peabody, his old-time warm friend and associate.

Work

Start of Erie Railroad presidency

James Bowen who was then Vice-President and Treasurer, was elected to succeed Eleazar Lord as President of the company, and he had the honor and glory of presiding on the historic occasion when the first portion of the New York and Erie Railroad was opened for traffic, although it was through no direct effort of his that the work had progressed thus far. Others who had been striving and hoping for years for even this consummation of the long-laid plans had no active part in the event. Upon many such not even the courtesy of being an invited guest was bestowed.

Mr. Bowen was a native of New York City, a man of wealth, a member of the Union Club, and of the Kent Club, famous in that day, in which James Watson Webb, Moses H. Grinnell, Richard M. Blatchford, and similar spirits, were conspicuous. President Bowen was a leader in that coterie, and was especially an intimate of General Webb. The latter had supported the New York and Erie project in his paper, New York Courier and Enquirer, from the beginning, and it was as a friend of his that James Bowen entered the Directory of the company, and through his influence that Bowen was advanced to the Presidency.

So far as the public knew, the affairs of Erie were easy. Work was actively progressing all along the line. On the Eastern Division it had reached a stage so near completion, that it was only a matter of a few weeks when the track would be laid the entire distance between Piermont and Goshen and the railroad put in operation. In fact, a month after Bowen became president, a train was run between Piermont and Ramapo, a distance of twenty miles. Already the fact that, even with the railroad in operation on the Eastern Division, its Eastern terminus would still be nearly twenty-five miles from New York City, which distance was to be overcome by steamboat between the city and Piermont, began to excite much discussion, and the advantage that would accrue to the Company if it might have the terminus at or near New York became apparent to observant people, who gave the matter thought.

 "A railroad that begins twenty-five miles away from the place it was chartered to bring into communication with some other place,"
the Hon. Francis Granger remarked in opposing an effort of the company to obtain public aid,

does not seem to be warranted in supposing that it is entitled to a confidence in its purposes that it would have if it could show that it would deposit its traffic where it protested it intended to deposit it.

The charter of the Company gave it the privilege of constructing its railroad from New York, or from a point near New York. The uniting of the seaboard with the lakes by a railroad which would attract traffic of the great West to New York was the one idea the projectors of this railroad dwelt upon in seeking the charter. So the fact that the road was to come no nearer the great center of the country's trade than twenty-five miles grew to be a question of much comment.

Golden opportunity thrown away
April 25, 1831, almost a year to a day before the corporation that became the New York and Erie Railroad Company was chartered, the New York and Harlem Railroad Company was granted letters of incorporation, with authority to construct a single or double track railway:
 "...from any point on the north bounds of Twenty-third Street to any point on the Harlem River, between the east bounds of the Third Avenue and the west bounds of Eighth Avenue, with a branch to Hudson River, between 124th Street and the north bounds of 129th Street."

April 6, 1832, the charter was amended to authorize the company, with permission of the authorities of New York City, to extend its railroad "along the Fourth Avenue to Fourteenth Street." May 12, 1836, the company was authorized to unite with any railroad or canal company organized under the laws of New York State, for the purpose of constructing a railroad, at any point which the directors of the two companies might agree upon. Subsequent legislation empowered the company to extend its railroad to the City Hall. May 7, 1840, the company was authorized to extend its railroad from the Harlem River through the County of Westchester to a point of intersection with the proposed New York and Albany Railroad. The company was also authorized to build a drawbridge across the Harlem River.

At the session of the New York Legislature for 1841, the New York and Harlem Railroad Company was a petitioner for the aid of the State to the amount of $350,000, by the issue of State stock at six per cent, interest, payable in five years, to enable the company to continue its work; the railroad being then in operation from the City Hall in New York to Fordham, a distance of thirteen miles. To influence feeling in its favor the company laid particular stress on the fact that by this concession a communication by rail between New York and Albany would be greatly hastened. This petition was presented to the Legislature, January 26, and was referred to the Senate Committee on Railroads. The application was refused.

At this time work on the Erie was at the height of its activity. Eleazar Lord was President of the company. The President of the New York and Harlem Railroad was Samuel R. Brooks. He seems to have been a far-seeing man and a practical one. The New York and Albans - Railroad scheme was languishing, as were most of the railroad enterprises then, and President Brooks, failing to obtain aid from the State for his company, and seeing no immediate future for the New York and Albany Railroad that would benefit him, turned his attention to the Erie, a brief study of the scope of which project convinced him that not only its future greatness, but the salvation and enhancement of his own railroad, lay in a union of the two (as shown in the map).

There is no record to show how his idea was received by the Erie management. Eleazar Lord, in his scathing review of the Erie, published in 1855, makes no reference to the Erie-Harlem incident. The Offer was apparently not accepted, and with that a golden opportunity was thrown Away. This might have been the fatal mistake, that made possible all of Erie's subsequent woes - But for that mistake there would be no Vanderbilt Kingdom, and the History of Wall Street and of Railroads in this Country would have been entirely different. All of the Present Great Terminal possessions of the Vanderbilt System at Forty-second Street in New York City might have been Ernie's by a Nod of the Head and the Outlay of Less than $90,000.

Overall Erie Railroad operations
Bowen was appointed president at the close of May, 1841, and continued in that office till the annual election in October, 1842. During the first six months of that period, the affairs of the Company continued to be prosperous in all four divisions. The Eastern division, after a considerable delay for the arrival of iron, was opened to the public from Piermont to Goshen, in the month of September. The work under the contracts on the Susquehanna and Western divisions was rapidly advanced. That on the Delaware division was delayed by an injunction obtained by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company.

Under the concurrent influence, however, of the political faction who were opposed to State Loans and to all public works, and of a depressed state of commercial affairs, the sale of the State stock became increasingly difficult, and the price receded from ninety-two per cent, in June, to eighty-two, in December. To avoid so heavy a discount, and prevent a further decline by throwing it on the market, a large amount of it was hypothecated as security for temporary loans. At length, in the course of the winter, the price fell below the rates at which hypothecations had been made, and sales became necessary.

The result was a sacrifice of so large a sum (about $300,000) as suddenly to render the Company unable to pay the quarterly interest due on 1 April 1842. Their credit being thus destroyed, and their operations arrested, and there being a variety of claims which were liable to be prosecuted, the Company immediately placed its affairs in the hands of assignees, by whom its interests; were protected, and the Eastern division was kept in successful operation. An effort was made in the Legislature, at the session of 1842, to obtain a release of the State loan and authority to the company to issue bonds; but neither that nor any accommodation in respect to the accruing interest, was agreeable to the politicians at that time.

The liabilities of the company, to the extent of about $600,000, for work and materials West of Goshen, and chiefly on the Susquehanna and Western divisions, were unprovided for; and all operations were suspended, and continued so till 1845. Owing to the disappointment of the Central and Western counties, and the old leaven of outside political influence, a change of directors was desired, by which a large majority of the Board should be taken, not from the city as before, but from the interior counties. This was accordingly effected at the annual election in the autumn, 1843. The former directors, with one or two exceptions, declined a reelection. A new direction was chosen, and Mr. William Maxwell, of Chemung county, was appointed president.

Publications
 New York and Erie Railroad Company, James Bowen (1841) Office of the New-York and Erie Rail-Road Company. New York, 13 September 1841.
 New York and Erie Railroad Company, James Bowen (1842) To the Stockholders of the New York and Erie Railroad Company.

References

1808 births
1886 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
Erie Railroad
Union Army generals


title: Women's Bandy World Championship

text:
The Women's Bandy World Championships is an international sports tournament for women and the premier international competition for women's bandy between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administrated by the Federation of International Bandy.

It is distinct from the Bandy World Cup Women which is a women's club competition, the Bandy World Cup which is a club competition for men, and from the Bandy World Championship which is the premier international bandy competition for men's teams.

A Youth Bandy World Championship also exists separately from the women's senior competition and has competitions in both the male and female categories, with the F17 WC tournament representing the youth World Championship in bandy for girls up to 17 years of age.

Although the sport of bandy has been played by both men and women since the 19th century, the first men's world championship didn't take place until 1957, and the first official women's international bandy tournament only began in 2004. However, an international match between women's bandy teams from Sweden and Finland took place in Helsinki, Finland in 1935 at the Helsinki Ice Stadium, where a portion of the match was captured by British Pathé. The archival short film has been uploaded and published on the video sharing site, YouTube.

In 2023, the tournament will for the first time take place at the same time in the same arena as the equivalent among men.

Participating nations
Until 2020, Sweden, Russia, Finland, Norway and USA have participated in every tournament, Canada in most of them,  Hungary in two and China debuted in 2016. The record number of participants were 8, in 2018 and 2020. Estonia and Switzerland debuted in 2018, and Japan in 2020. Ukraine is scheduled to make its debut in 2023.

Participation details

Top results year by year

Medal table

Bandy World Championship G-17

The Bandy World Championship G-17 or U17 (under 17) world championship in bandy for women, known as F17 WC and U17-världsmästerskapet i bandy för damer in Sweden, is the youth world championship in bandy for girls up to 17 years of age. The competition is held separately from the World Bandy Women's Championship which is for adults. G17 is sometimes written as F17 and the Y designations may also be written with a U.

The Youth Bandy World Championship is a tournament for girls' teams up to the age of 17 years. FC 17 is the only age group for which the world championship in bandy for young female players is held. The first tournament was held in 2009 and has since been held every two years.

Normally only teams from the main bandy countries of Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden participate, but the United States has participated a few times and at the tournament in Irkutsk 2017, a China U17 team made its debut.

U17 medal table

Gallery

See also
 Bandy
 Rink bandy

Women's Bandy World Championship
 Sweden women's national bandy team
 Russia women's national bandy team
 Finland women's national bandy team
 Norway women's national bandy team
 United States women's national bandy team
 Switzerland women's national bandy team
 China women's national bandy team
 Canada women's national bandy team
 Hungary women's national bandy team
 Soviet Union women's national bandy team

References

Bandy
World Championship
Recurring sporting events established in 2004
February sporting events
Women's bandy


title: Governor of Abra

text:
The governor of Abra is the local chief executive of the Philippine province of Abra.

List

References

Politics of Abra (province)
Abra


title: List of MDPI academic journals

text:
This is a list of academic journals published by MDPI. As of September 2022, MDPI publishes 399 peer-reviewed academic journals and nine conference journals.

References

External links
List of MDPI journals

MDPI


title: Basut

text:
Basut or Besut (), also rendered as Basot or Bast, may refer to:
 Basut-e Bala
 Basut-e Hajji Hasan


title: Annual Warrior Competition

text:
The Annual Warrior Competition is a combat-oriented competition that pits special operations military and police teams against each other. Teams are assessed in events testing physical fitness, marksmanship drills, medical tasks and written exams. The competition takes place at the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Centre (KASOTC) in Amman, Jordan. Jordan created the competition in May 2009.

Background
The competition is hosted at the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Centre, also known as KASOTC.

Every year the competition is redesigned to reflect the ever-changing threats posed by terrorism. Competing “Warriors” are expected to demonstrate competencies and adaptability of marksmanship, endurance, teamwork, tactics and communications on the battlefield. They are observed and judged by a panel of reputable international experts from various professional military and law enforcement backgrounds. Many international and local teams participate every year.

The 12th Annual Warrior Competition, which was scheduled to occur in 2020, was postponed and later held in 2022 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Annual Warrior Competition (AWC) Results

References

External links

New York Times - Sleep Away Camp for PostModern Cowboys
Small Arms Defence Journal - THE WARRIOR COMPETITION, “THE KING’S CHALLENGE”
KASOTC Official Website

Events in Jordan
Military of Jordan
Spring (season) events in Jordan


title: Net neutrality in the Netherlands

text:
On June 4, 2012, the Netherlands became the first country in Europe and the second in the world, after Chile, to enact a network neutrality law. The main net neutrality provision of this law requires that "Providers of public electronic communication networks used to provide Internet access services as well as providers of Internet access services will not hinder or slow down services or applications on the Internet".

History
The 2009 EU Telecoms Package left much leeway for member states to implement their own net neutrality directives. The first proposal by the Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation was submitted to the House of Representatives on November 3, 2010.

In April 2011, Dutch telecommunications company KPN announced that it would start to block services such as VoIP and instant messaging unless customers paid a fee. Later that week, Vodafone said it was already blocking those services. During an investors meeting in May, KPN admitted to using deep packet inspection. These events accelerated the implementation of net neutrality, as a house majority was against the blocking of specific Internet services.

On June 22, 2011, the house voted for the amendment of the Telecommunications Act with net neutrality regulations. The Labour Party mistakenly voted for an amendment supported by the Christian parties SGP, CU and CDA that would allow filtering by ISPs for ideological reasons. A rectification was later plugged into an unrelated amendment.

The amendment was passed by the Senate in 2012, and with the publication of the amendment and the rectification in the official journal of the Netherlands on June 4 and June 5, respectively, network neutrality became the law.

Overview
Article 7.4a of the Telecommunications Act prohibits the hindrance or slowing down of services or applications on the Internet by ISPs and network owners. Deviation from this rule is only allowed:

 to reduce congestion, while treating similar traffic equally;
 to preserve the integrity and security of the network and service of the provider or the equipment of the end-user;
If the breach of integrity or security is caused by the equipment of the end-user, the provider has to notify the end-user first and give them sufficient time to rectify the situation.
 to block the transmission of unwanted communications (e.g. spam) to an end-user, only if the end-user has given consent beforehand; or
 to comply with the law or a warrant.

Also, it is prohibited for ISPs to charge end-users differently for the use of different types of Internet services or applications. Finally, future executive orders can institute minimum quality requirements to prevent the deterioration, hindrance, or slowing down of network communications.

Criticism and impact

The director of the former Independent Post and Telecommunications Authority ( "OPTA"), now part of the Consumer and Markets Authority, has criticized the current implementation of net neutrality by the Netherlands. He questions whether the consumer actually benefits from the regulations, since it has become very hard for providers to offer a variety of services because of the restrictions posed on providers. He favors transparency and competition instead of strict regulation.

Neelie Kroes, a Dutch politician and the former European Commissioner for Digital Agenda, also supported consumer choice: "If consumers want to obtain discounts because they only plan to use limited online services, why stand in their way?" She recognized a need for greater transparency in what services providers do and do not provide, and what limitations there are: "consumers also need to know if they are getting Champagne or lesser sparkling wine. If it is not full Internet, it shouldn't be marketed as such; perhaps it shouldn't be marketed as 'Internet' at all, at least not without any upfront qualification." She also criticized uncoordinated country-by-country legislation, because it slows down the creation of a "Digital Single Market".

The Dutch approach to net neutrality received large attention in Brazil and served as an important reference during the negotiations of the Marco Civil da Internet, the country's Internet Civil Rights Law, approved by the Chamber of Deputies' in March, 2014.

On April 3, 2014, upon strong support of Commissioner Kroes, the European Parliament voted in favor of maintaining net neutrality throughout European networks.  The basic framework of net neutrality in the European Union (EU) is laid down by Article 3 of EU Regulation 2015/2120.

See also
 Net neutrality
 Internet in the Netherlands
 Net neutrality in the European Union
 Telecoms Package

References

Law of the Netherlands
Internet access
Internet in the Netherlands
Netherlands


title: Chagherbit

text:
Chagherbit (), also rendered as Joghrbit and Jowgharbit, may refer to:
 Chagherbit-e Bala
 Chagherbit-e Pain


title: Tuxford Academy

text:
Tuxford Academy (formerly Tuxford School) is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Tuxford in the English county of Nottinghamshire.

It first opened as a County Secondary School (secondary modern school) in 1958, specialising in Rural Studies with an attached farming unit. The school became a comprehensive in 1976 and opened a sixth form in 1980. In 2002 the school became a Technology College and in 2007 it was designated as a Training school. Tuxford School underwent a full re-build completed in March 2007. The new building is located on what had previously been the school field, and an additional field adjacent to it. The site where the old school stood has now been converted into the new school playing field and nature areas.

Previously a community school administered by Nottinghamshire County Council, Tuxford School converted to academy status on 1 August 2011 and was renamed Tuxford Academy. However the school continues to coordinate with Nottinghamshire County Council for admissions. Tuxford Academy offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTECs.

Notable former pupil
Elspeth Gibson, fashion designer

References

External links
Tuxford Academy official website

Secondary schools in Nottinghamshire
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in England
Training schools in England
Academies in Nottinghamshire
Tuxford


title: Welle N'Diaye

text:
Welle N'Diaye (born 5 April 1990) is a Senegalese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Niarry Tally.

Career
N'Diaye signed his first professional contract in September 2010 with Slovenian club Gorica. He was capped once in the 2010–11 Slovenian PrvaLiga. In January 2011 he was loaned to Brda. He later returned to play for Gorica. He moved to Maribor on 30 June 2014. He left the club in June 2016 after his contract expired.

Honours
Maribor
Slovenian PrvaLiga: 2014–15
Slovenian Supercup: 2014
Slovenian Cup: 2015–16

References

External links
PrvaLiga profile

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Dakar
Senegalese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Senegalese expatriate men's footballers
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Slovenia
Expatriate men's footballers in Slovenia
ND Gorica players
NK Brda players
NK Maribor players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players


title: Clyde, North Dakota

text:
Clyde is an unincorporated community in Cavalier County, North Dakota, United States. Clyde reportedly had a population of six residents as of 2002, and is sometimes considered to be a ghost town.

History
Clyde was laid out in 1905, and named after the River Clyde, in Scotland, the native land of a share of the early settlers. A post office called Clyde was established in 1905, and remained in operation until 1965.

References

Scottish-American culture in North Dakota
Unincorporated communities in Cavalier County, North Dakota
Unincorporated communities in North Dakota


title: Nuryn Sanlley

text:
Nuryn Sanlley Pou (known as La Pinky, September 18, 1952 – April 30, 2012) was a Dominican character and comic actress, best known for her popular character La Pinky, who for more than 25 years was part of the lives of Dominican children.

She died from a brain tumor on the night of April 30, 2012.

Biography
Sanlley was the daughter of Tomás José Sanlley Gómez and Nury Amada Pou Ortiz; from her childhood she loved the acting and singing. Finally in the 70s she began to practice as an actress and singer, participated in programs including El Show del Medio Día beside Roberto Salcedo and Freddy Beras Goico. She retired from the national art media to devote to their children and what became her most famous character, but continued her acting career.

La Pinky was a celebrity since she was an eight-year-old girl, starring Nuryn Sanlley for generations and was part of children's entertainment in the Dominican Republic. It was presented more than 23 times in the Teatro Nacional Eduardo Brito (once per year) which was supported by thousands of children, and had a segment on the Sunday variety program El Gordo de la Semana Freddy Beras Goico. It was characterized by using a red dress with white dots with an unusual make-up.

References

External links

1952 births
2012 deaths
Actors from Santo Domingo
Dominican Republic film actresses
Dominican Republic television actresses
Dominican Republic people of Canarian descent
Dominican Republic people of Catalan descent
Dominican Republic people of Dutch descent
Dominican Republic people of French descent
Dominican Republic people of Peruvian descent
Dominican Republic people of Quechua descent
Deaths from cancer in the Dominican Republic
Deaths from brain tumor
White Dominicans