title: Mohammad Babulfath

text:
Mohammad Reza Babulfath (born November 17, 1978 in Tehran, Iran) is a retired amateur Iranian Swedish Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's middleweight category.
Babulfath obtained a fourth position in the 74-kg division at the 2003 European Championships in Riga, Latvia, and also represented his naturalized homeland Sweden at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Before his sporting career ended in 2008, Babulfath trained for Spårvägens Sports Club () in Stockholm, under Polish-born personal coach Ryszard Swierad.

Babulfath qualified for his naturalized Swedish squad in the men's 74 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Earlier in the process, he placed third from the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro to guarantee a spot on Sweden's Olympic wrestling team. He lost his opening match 4–0 to Germany's Konstantin Schneider and endured a daunting 9–0 defeat from eventual Olympic bronze medalist Varteres Samurgashev of Russia, that left him severely injured and unable to compete against Ukraine's Volodymyr Shatskykh on his final bout of the prelim pool. Placing him at the bottom of the pool and last out of 20 wrestlers in the final standings, Babulfath failed to advance to the quarterfinals.

Babulfath also sought to compete on his second bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics, but missed a spot from the Olympic Qualification Tournament and suddenly retired from his sporting career. Currently, he serves as an assistant coach for IK Sparta in Stockholm and trains for numerous Swedish wrestlers, including fellow Olympian Ara Abrahamian.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Swedish male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Sweden
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Iranian emigrants to Sweden
Sport wrestlers from Tehran
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Olympic competitors from Iran who represented other countries


title: Potamanthus

text:
Potamanthus is a genus of hacklegilled burrower mayflies in the family Potamanthidae. There are about 13 described species in Potamanthus.

Species
These 13 species belong to the genus Potamanthus:

 Potamanthus formosus Eaton, 1892 c g
 Potamanthus huoshanensis Wu, 1987 c g
 Potamanthus idiocerus Bae & McCafferty, 1991 c g
 Potamanthus kwangsiensis (Hsu, 1937) c g
 Potamanthus longitibius Bae & McCafferty, 1991 c g
 Potamanthus luteus (Linnaeus, 1767) i c g
 Potamanthus macrophthalmus (You, 1984) c g
 Potamanthus nanchangi (Hsu, 1936) c g
 Potamanthus sabahensis (Bae & McCafferty, 1990) c g
 Potamanthus sangangensis (You, 1984) c g
 Potamanthus subcostalis Navás, 1932 c g
 Potamanthus yooni Bae & McCafferty, 1991 c g
 Potamanthus yunnanensis (You, Wu, Gui & Hsu, 1982) c g

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

External links

Mayflies


title: Right in Front of You (Anna Abreu song)

text:
"Right in Front of You" is a song by Finnish singer Anna Abreu from her fifth studio album, V (2014). The song was written by Jonas Karlsson and Axel Ehnström, with Karlsson also producing the track.
"Right In Front Of You" is a Pop song with Dance and Disco elements. The song was released on 2 June 2014 in Finland, as the album's second single.

Lyrical content
Lyrically, the up-tempo 'Right In Front Of You' explores the idea that people often search for things that they believe are so far away from them, without realising that they're under their noses. Abreu sings that 'everything you've ever been dreaming of is there, right in front of you'.

Chart performance
"Right In Front Of You" has so far peaked at number twenty-two on the Finnish Downland Chart and number fifty-nine on the Radio Airplay Chart.

Music video
The music video for "Right In Front Of You" was directed by Taito Kawatan and features Abreu singing in a range of places in and around Helsinki, including a recording studio, a park, an outdoor pool, an outdoor sporting venue, and a nightclub. The video features hundreds of back dancers, making it one of the most complex music videos of Abreu's career. Abreu and the dancers wear 90s-inspired clothing throughout the video.

Live performances
"Right In Front Of You" was performed at a range of music festivals across Finland during the summer of 2014, and as part of Abreu's 2014 V Tour.

Credits and personnel

Songwriting – Jonas Karlsson, Axel Ehnström
Production - Jonas Karlsson
Engineering - Jonas Karlsson (at Fried Music Studios: Helsinki, Finland)
Instruments - Axel Ehnström (piano, bass); Aleksi Ahoniemi, Juha Kortehisto, Jukka Eskola (horns)

Lead vocals - Anna Abreu
Backing vocals - Anna Abreu
Mixing - Arttu Peljo

Release history

References

2014 singles
2014 songs
Anna Abreu songs
Songs written by Jonas W. Karlsson
Warner Records singles


title: Luis Copete

text:
Luis Fernando Copete Murillo (born 12 February 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Liga Primera club Diriangén FC.

Born and raised in Colombia to Colombian parents, Copete has played in the Nicaraguan league and subsequently capped for the Nicaragua national team.

Club career

Puma Generaleña
In 2015, Copete and his then Nicaragua national team mate Raúl Leguías joined Costa Rican side AS Puma.

Copete went on trial with Kazakhstan Premier League side FC Shakhter Karagandy in early 2016, but did not earn a contract.

Sonsonate
Copete signed with top flight Primera División side Sonsonate for Clausura 2018 tournament.

On 29 March 2018, Copete scored his debut goal for Sonsonate in a 3–1 victory against Isidro Metapán in the Estadio Anna Mercedes Campos.

Deportivo Pasto
In July 2018, Copete signed with Deportivo Pasto.

International career
Copete became a naturalized citizen of Nicaragua in 2014. According La Prensa, he did not comply with the Nationality Law No. 149 at the moment of his naturalization. He received his first call-up to the Nicaragua national football team a year later.

He was a squad member for the 2017 Copa Centroamericana and the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

International goals

Scores and results list the Nicaragua's goal tally first.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Chocó Department
Nicaraguan men's footballers
Nicaragua men's international footballers
Colombian men's footballers
Nicaraguan people of Colombian descent
Colombian emigrants to Nicaragua
Men's association football central defenders
Categoría Primera A players
La Equidad footballers
Deportivo Pasto footballers
Liga FPD players
Peruvian Primera División players
Comerciantes Unidos footballers
Salvadoran Primera División players
C.D. Sonsonate footballers
Bolivian Primera División players
Club Always Ready players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Costa Rica
Expatriate men's footballers in Costa Rica
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Expatriate men's footballers in Peru
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in El Salvador
Expatriate men's footballers in El Salvador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Naturalized citizens of Nicaragua
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Nicaraguan Primera División players
C.D. Walter Ferretti players
Real Estelí FC players


title: Torno a vivere da solo

text:
Torno a vivere da solo (I'll be back to living alone) is a 2008 Italian comedy film written, directed and starred by Jerry Calà. It is the sequel of Marco Risi's Vado a vivere da solo (1982).

Plot
In Milan, Giacomo is a good real estate agent. But he fights with his wife, because he does not stand his life, and wants to be the guy globetrotter of yesteryear. The two are separated, and Giacomo tries to change his life with Jessica. However, Giacomo has to deal with the problems of the life of a grown man, because he can no longer act like a kid.

Cast
 Jerry Calà: Giacomo
 Enzo Iacchetti: Ivano
 Tosca D'Aquino: Francesca
 Paolo Villaggio: Giacomo's father
 Éva Henger: Jessica
 Don Johnson (dubbed by Roberto Pedicini): Nico
 Randi Ingerman: Lory
 Gisella Sofio: Giacomo's mother
 Mercédesz Henger: Chiara
 Mara Venier: Herself
 Piero Mazzarella: Barbone
 Sergio Fiorentini: Peppino

References

External links

2008 films
Italian comedy films
2008 comedy films
Films directed by Jerry Calà


title: Brandon Lundy

text:
Brandon Lundy (born 5 July 1996) is an Australian footballer who plays as a full back for Avondale FC in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

Club career
He made his senior professional debut for Newcastle Jets in the 2014 FFA Cup in a match against Perth Glory at the Wanderers Oval on 5 August 2014. Perth won the match 0–2 in regulation time.

References

Living people
Men's association football forwards
Australian men's soccer players
Newcastle Jets FC players
National Premier Leagues players
1996 births
Soccer players from Newcastle, New South Wales


title: Road Fighting Championship

text:
Road Fighting Championship (Road FC; ) is a South Korean-based mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion which was officially launched in 2010. Prior to December 2016, Road FC had held 52 events in three countries - South Korea, Japan, and China.

About
Road FC was established in 2010 to promote the sport of MMA which embodies the Asian spirit of martial arts. Over 300 athletes from South Korea, Brazil, North America, Europe, Japan, China, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East have signed agreements with Road FC. Events are being broadcast in more than 50 countries around the world, on dozens of television stations and internet platforms.

Road FC initiated its global strategy in 2015.

Road FC recognizes Asia as the global center of martial arts. In Asia, many combat sports have been born and become world-famous, such as Korea's Olympic sport Taekwondo and China's mammoth national Sanda competition. In the past, Asia was also the global center of MMA and kickboxing, where notable promotions such as Pride and K-1 once drew Asian crowds of 50 to 90 thousand spectators live, and broadcast live around the world. As these organizations subsided, Road FC was launched to take up the mantle in Korea.

History
Road FC was founded in 2010 by Mun-Hong Jung. It is the largest MMA organization in South Korea following the closure of Spirit MC in 2009, and with expansion into Japan and China, one of the largest in Asia.

The first event, Road FC 001: The Resurrection of Champions, was held on October 23, 2010, in Seoul, South Korea.

In 2012 Road FC organized an amateur MMA competition system to encourage growth, experience, and support for the sport of MMA in Korea. The amateur and semi-pro Central and Into Leagues provide a structured, safe, and competitive atmosphere for beginning fighters. They gain experience before transitioning into professional competition. The Young Guns undercard series features amateurs transitioning into professionals, foreign fighters new to Road FC, and fighters who are trying to make a comeback.

In 2015, Road FC expanded into the Japan market with Road FC 24 in Japan on July 25 at the Ariake Arena in Tokyo. Also in 2015, it held its first event with Road FC 27 in China in Shanghai on December 26, starting a 3-year broadcast deal with China's state broadcaster CCTV. The event was the first live MMA event to be aired on CCTV5 and garnered a viewership of 35 million.

On March 11, 2017, the first event Road FC 037 XX of a female MMA league Road FC XX was held at the Convention Centre, Grand Hilton Seoul in Seoul, South Korea. And, On December 23, Road FC's final event of the year 2017, Road FC 045 XX, took place in Seoul, South Korea. Following it, the 2017 Road FC Awards Ceremony was held. It was the first time a year end awards ceremony had been held in conjunction with an event, and the first time to be aired live on television, on MBC Sports+. Incoming CEO Da Hwan Kim was formally introduced after Founder Jung Mun Hong Jung had stepped down from the position on November 29. Kim was one of South Korea's most well-known MMA and combat sports commentators. He was a long-time MMA fighter and coach, and just recently he won the Wardog Middleweight Championship by a stunning KO. Having so much experience in the MMA industry, Kim was a specialist with a very good ability to speak on fighters and matches.

On January 13, 2018, the sports industry in China attracted massive attention with the announcement of the "2018 China Top 100 Most Sponsored Sports Events Award Ceremony" in Beijing. Road FC is proud to rank as the 15th overall "2018 China Top 100 Most Sponsored Sports Event". In 2017, Road FC was first honored with the award as the 65th most sponsored sports event, and the climb of 50 places in 2018 is a remarkable achievement. Among the sponsors who have supported and committed to Road FC are highly recognizable companies and brands such as Xiaomi, Netease, Panda TV, COK, Red Bull, Master Kong Foods, Orion Foods, Zheng Guanzhuang Health, Chang Fujing Health, Pang Da Auto, Jackie Chan Wine, and Lehua Real Estate.

Road FC Events

Broadcasts
In South Korea, events are broadcast live and on delay and replay on SPOTV since 2018, the South Korean non-'free-to-air' television network which is well known for its sports broadcasting, and online on YouTube, Daum.

Broadcasters by year

In China, events are broadcast live and on delay and replay on CCTV-5, the predominant state television broadcaster in the People's Republic of China, and online on Yy.com. In Mongolia, events are broadcast live and on delay and replay on MBN. In Japan, events are broadcast live and on delay and replay on Niconico, Tokyo MX, and AbemaTV. In Southeast Asia(Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, etc.), events are broadcast on KIX and SportsFix (Malaysia only). Internationally, events are streamed through Road FC's Official YouTube Channel.

Rules
Road FC uses the global MMA rule set.

Rounds
Non-championship bouts are two or three rounds of five minutes per round with one minute breaks in between rounds. Championship bouts are three rounds of five minutes per round with one minute breaks in between rounds.

Judging
As part of the increasing global expansion strategy, Road FC has created the "Unlimited Points System".

This new judging criterion is merit-based and provide a more accurate account of a fighter's performance than the out-dated "10 point must" system. It reward exciting and aggressive fighters while penalizing those who repeatedly stall or avoid action. The "Unlimited Points System" deliver the kind of non-stop, thrilling action for which fans are now clamoring.

In this system, points be awarded for specific action and activity. One point be given for a clear strike, takedown, near submission, full mont or back mount position, clear control on the ground, and aggression. Five points be awarded for a knock down.

Penalties be assessed by the referee. A yellow card for fouls incur a five-point deduction. A blue card worth a two-point deduction be introduced for the purpose of eliminating stalling and avoidance, standing and on the ground.

Cage
The Road FC stages bouts in an eight-sided enclosure named "Case".

The Road FC cage is an octagonal structure with walls of metal chain-link fence coated with black vinyl. The standard octagon has a diameter of  with a  high fence. The cage sits atop a platform, raising it  from the ground. It has foam padding around the top of the fence and between each of the eight sections. It also has two entry-exit gates opposite each other. The mat, painted with sponsorship logos and art, is replaced for each event.

Attire
All competitors fight in approved shorts, without shoes. Tops are only approved for female competitors. Required safety equipment include padded gloves, mouthguard, and protective cups held in place.

Match outcome
Matches may end via:
 Submission: a fighter clearly taps the mat or his opponent, verbally submits, or clearly communicates being in pain (such as by yelling) to a degree that causes the referee to stop the fight. Also, a technical submission may be called when a fighter either loses consciousness or is on the verge of or suffers serious injury while in a hold.
 Knockout: a fighter is put into a state of unconsciousness resulting from any legal strike.
 Technical Knockout (TKO): If the referee decides a fighter cannot continue, the fight is ruled as a technical knockout. Technical knockouts can be classified into three categories:
 referee stoppage (the referee ends the fight because one fighter is deemed unable to intelligently defend himself)
 doctor stoppage (a ring side doctor decides that it is unsafe for one fighter to continue the bout, due to excessive bleeding or physical injuries)
 corner stoppage (a fighter's cornerman signals defeat for his own fighter)
 Judges' Decision: Depending on scoring, a match may end as:
 unanimous decision (all three judges score a win for fighter A)
 majority decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a draw)
 split decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B)
 technical decision (a fighter is rendered unable to continue as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move, resulting in a decision based on the finished and unfinished rounds if the number of rounds to be judged is sufficient)
 unanimous draw (all three judges score a draw)
 majority draw (two judges score a draw, one judge scoring a win)
 split draw (one judge scores a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B, and one judge scores a draw)
 technical draw (the bout ends in a manner similar to that of a technical decision, with the judges' scores resulting in a draw)
 Disqualification: a fighter intentionally executes an illegal move that is considered by the referee or opponent to be injurious or significant enough to negatively alter the opponent's performance should the fight continue, resulting in the opponent's victory.
 Forfeit: a fighter fails to compete or intentionally and prematurely ends the bout for a reason besides injury, resulting in the opponent's victory.
 No Contest: a fighter is rendered unable to continue or compete effectively as a result of an unintentional illegal element or move and there is not a sufficient number of finished rounds to be judged to make a technical decision viable, or both fighters are rendered unable to continue or compete effectively. Also, a fight may be ruled a no contest if the original outcome of the bout is changed due to unsatisfactory or illegal circumstances, such as a premature stoppage or a fighter's testing positive for banned substances.

Fouls
 Biting
 Eye-gouging
 Fish-hooking
 Groin attacks
 Small joint manipulation
 Hair pulling
 Putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration on an opponent (see Fish-hooking)
 Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea
 Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh
 Intentionally attempting to break an opponent's bone
 Spiking an opponent to the canvas on the head or neck (see Piledriver)
 Throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced area
 Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent
 Spitting at an opponent
 Engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to an opponent
 Holding the ropes or the fence
 Using abusive language in the ring or fenced area
 Attacking an opponent on or during the break
 Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee
 Attacking an opponent after the bell (horn) has sounded the end of a round
 Flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee
 Timidity, including, without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece or faking an injury
 Interference by the corner
 Using any foreign substance that could give an unfair advantage
 Head-butting
 Striking to the spine or the back of the head (see Rabbit punch)
 Attacking with an elbow

Fouls against a grounded opponent
 Kicking the head of a grounded opponent (see soccer kick)
 Kneeing the head of a grounded opponent
 Stomping a grounded opponent

Weight divisions/Current champions

Weight divisions
Road FC currently uses ten different weight classes, and weights allow a weighing scale error of over .

Current champions
Road FC has so far produced champions in seven weight classes for men and one weight class for women.

Production team
Road FC CEO is former UFC and Road FC Commentator, Dae Hwan Kim, and the Road FC chairman is Road FC founder and former Road FC CEO, Moon Hong Jung.

Matches are made by matchmaker and operations manager, Young Bok Kwon.

The referees is composed of Sang Joon Park (head referee), Seung Yeol Shin, Tae Wook Lim, Deok Young Jang, Chul Kim, Gi Deok Song, Ho Won Jeong, Mi Ri Kwon.

The Broadcasting team for the television broadcast is composed of Dong Gi Lee (commentator), Chang Wook Chun (commentator), Byung Moon Jeong (caster), Soo Hwan Kim (caster).

The Announce team consists of cage announcers Yong Moon Shin, Jeff Houston and the cage side announcer is Lenne Hardt.

Seul Gi Choi, Ji Woo Lim, Eun Hye Lee are the ROAD girls.

Affiliated organizations
Road FC is affiliated with the following organizations:

   Kaiser
   ACF
  Deep
   Gladiator
   Grachan
  Rings/The Outsider
  Wardog Cage Fight
  ZST
  Superstar Fight
  WBK
  CMSL
  CFK
  Invicta FC
  Rro FC

Ring Girls

 Min Seo Gong
 Na Na Kim
 Ha Yool Kim
 Je-i Min
 A-Young Min
 Seung Ji Maeng
 Si Hyun Park
 Jin-A Park
 Ha Park
 Ga Yeon Song
 Hyo Kyung Song
 Serena
 Ke Yang
 Ji Yoon Wang
 Ha Na Yoo
 Seo Hyun Lee
 A-Rin Lee
 Eun Hye Lee (Present)
 Ye Bin Lee
 Ji Woo Lim (Present)
 Ji Hye Lim
 Da Ha Joo
 Bo Mi Chae
 Seol Hwa Chol
 Seul Gi Choi (Present)
 Ji Eun Han

See also
 List of Road FC champions
 List of Road FC events
 List of notable Road FC fighters
 List of current Road FC fighters
 List of current mixed martial arts champions
 Mixed martial arts weight classes

References

External links

 Road FC official website

Mixed martial arts in South Korea
Mixed martial arts organizations
2010 establishments in South Korea


title: Bozhurovo, Shumen Province

text:
Bozhurovo  or Bojurovo () is a village in the municipality of Varbitsa, located in the Shumen Province of northeastern Bulgaria. The village covers an area of  and is located  from Sofia. As of 2007, the village had a population of 259 people.

References

Villages in Shumen Province


title: Gregorio Vardanega

text:
Gregorio Vardanega (21 March 1923 – 7 October 2007) was an artist of Italian origins who worked in Argentina and France. Vardanega and Martha Boto, his companion, created the term "chromocinetism" to describe their artistic research.

Early life
Vardanega was born in Possagno, Italy.

Vardanega's family migrated to Argentina when he was three years old. He attended the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes in Buenos Aires from 1939 to 1946.

Career
Vardanega at a young age showed enthusiasm for space, questioned its form and its elements, what this achieves in the world.

Gregorio Vardanega inquired in the direction of light, in relation to color, movement and space, adding electronics in his artistic work

He used electric and transparent colors, color spaces, diffraction and light transmission in solid liquids and gases.

Vardanega was a member of Nouvelle Tendance together with Luis Tomasello, Enrico Castellani, Enzo Mari among others, who had as an end in common the exchange and develop projects.

In 1946 Vardanega began working in acrylic glass, and also produced structures using overlapping wires.  In the same year, when he was studying at the National Academy of Fine Arts, he participated in exhibitions in 1946 where he made overlapping glass or plexiglass plates.

In 1948 he traveled to Europe in the company of Carmelo Arden Quin. After exhibiting in the Amerique Latine lounge, she is related to Michael Seuphot, Georges Vantongerloo, Max Bill and others.

Through the 1950s he experimented with kinetic art, constructing artworks moving and rotating at irregular intervals, which produced abstract patterns through lighting, reflections and shadows. He also made his first luminous sculpture as a result of trying to embody the physical and psychic universe mind.

In 1955, is one of the founders of an art association and a few years after the ANFA group.

His first kinetic piece using an electric motor was exhibited in the gallery of the Estimulo de Bellas Artes in October 1957.

In 1959 Vardanega moved to Paris, where he met the Argentinian artist Martha Boto. They maintained contact with artists in Buenos Aires, including Eduardo Jonquières and his group "Arte Nuevo", and the artists' group MADI.

1960 does a work with Plexiglas again, which has small spheres inside that are illuminated by projections of lights. Vardanega explored the field of the discovery of the electro technique of environmental situations using different forms of artistic expression, I believe electronic oscillators in some of his works.

Between 1960 and 1968 he was also a member of the GRAV group (Groupe de Recherche d'Art Visuel).

He was represented by Galerie Denise René. Vardanega had his first solo exhibition in Paris in 1964, which established him as an important practitioner of kinetic art.

Honors
He won gold medals at the Exposition of Visual Art in Argentina and at the International and Universal Exposition in Brussels in 1958.

Art works
Couleurs Sonores, 1963-1979 It is artistic work that for a city planning metropolis of skyscrapers, this was exposed in 2013 but due to its great height could not be exhibited in the place.

Cosmic Dream which is a plexiglass composition, uses the electric color that is based on the analysis of its major sensory mark and its aesthetic fruit, has reliefs with concentrated tajaduras.

Electronic relief is composed of a white wood, with 10 cylindrical lamps, these together with the support called the geometric figures, square and circle, and represent their stage where he worked the repetition of these elements to achieve optical effects.

Electronic Universe 1958 allowed the viewer to interact directly to modify the work through the evolution of colors.

Personal life
Vardanega lived in France from 1959 till his death in Paris in 2007.

References

External links

Gregorio Vardenaga at the

1923 births
2007 deaths
Op art
Italian artists
Argentine artists
Italian emigrants to Argentina


The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games is a game that was released in 1996 by Disney Interactive for Microsoft Windows and Game Boy. It was the second title in the company's GameBreak! series after GameBreak! Timon and Pumbaa's Jungle Games. Tiertex adapted the game for SNES, Game Boy, and Super Game Boy, which were published by THQ.

The video game was based on the film The Hunchback of Notre Dame and features a collection of mini games based on the Festival of Fools that includes a variation of Balloon Fight.

Gameplay
It starts with a colourful, really animated, and festive introduction. The environment is the Notre Dame Cathedral front yard, where the festival and games take place. Sounds and music from the movie are always there. The games are presented by those three funny Disney's gargoyles, which may also give some support. Games can be played by one or two players bringing more fun when with family and friends. Escalating levels challenge players of all ages! But there is also an option for difficulty. Riddles, cream battles, bowling, are some of the topics of the games included.

Critical reception
Coming Soon Magazine gave the game 87 out of 100, concluding "although Hunchback of Notre Dame was first designed for children, the game might appeal as well for adults with its remarkable design. Not only do the graphics look sterling, but also the soundtrack plays admirably with the original music from the film. At no time you will get bored in the game. The hilarious commentaries from the gargoyles will keep you awake, and even the loading sequences feature small animations. Rarely has a game for children been so well made, and no doubt it will be another smash hit for Disney Interactive". Entertainment Weekly described it as having less "charm and originality" than Savoy Pictures' The Adventures of Pinocchio, ultimately giving it a B-.

Electric Playground gave the game a score of 8 out of 10.

References

External links

Video games based on animated films
Video games based on adaptations
1996 video games
Game Boy games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in Paris
Windows games
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (franchise)
Tiertex Design Studios games
THQ games
Single-player video games


title: Young Academy of Europe

text:
The Young Academy of Europe (YAE) is a pan-European non-governmental academy of top young scientists and scholars.

The YAE was founded in 2012, with a mission to provide input to scientific exchange and science policy across all member states of the European Union or an Associated Country. YAE members are experts and leaders in their respective fields, who seek to provide a ‘younger’ perspective about the future of science and academia in Europe.

The ‘younger’ perspective provided by the YAE aims to resolve a tension between the fact that traditional academies are composed of scientists and scholars aged 50+, whilst scientists and scholars typically produce their most influential work in their thirties. Specifically, the YAE aims at improving the conditions in which young scientists and scholars across Europe will work and operate in the future, and thus contribute to policy and societal change. It endorses a network of top young researchers across all disciplines and across all countries of the European Research Area (ERA) in the pursuit to shape science policy with the perspective of a young generation.

The Young Academy of Europe was formally established as an independent association of top young researchers in Europe at a constitutive annual meeting hosted by COST in Brussels on 7/8 December 2012. This event followed from previous consultations of ERC Starting Grant grant holders in 2010/2011, and a kick-off meeting with 11 ERC grantholders from various member states, held in Paris in September 2011. At this meeting, possible routes towards establishing a Young Academy of Europe were discussed, including the definitions of its aims and activities.

YAE closely collaborates with national young academies, the Academia Europaea, the Initiative for Science in Europe, and other similar organizations and bodies.

The Academy awards the André Mischke annual prize for science and policy.

References

External links

 Official website

International academies
Pan-European learned societies
Science and technology in Europe
Youth science


title: Potamanthus yooni

text:
Potamanthus yooni () is a species of mayfly native to Korea. Taking the species out of the country is prohibited by the South Korean Government.

References

Mayflies
Insects of Korea
Insects described in 1991


title: The Hunchback of Notre Dame (franchise)

text:
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a Disney media franchise, commencing in 1996 with the release of The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The franchise is based on the 1831 novel of the same name by Victor Hugo.

Overview
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is one of the few Disney films of their Renaissance era of animation (along with The Rescuers Down Under, The Lion King, Hercules, and Tarzan) to not have a female protagonist featured in the Disney Princess franchise that was created in the early 2000s, due to its female protagonist Esmeralda not being classified as a princess. This has resulted in the franchise having to rely on films, video games, and other merchandise that includes its characters and story alone. York Vision argues the relatively less successful nature of this franchise is "perhaps owing to the lack of a definable ‘Princess’ character," although some people classify her as a princess.

Films

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1996 American animated musical drama film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released to theaters on June 21, 1996 by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is based on Victor Hugo's 1831 novel of the same name. The plot centers on Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer of Notre Dame, and his struggle to gain acceptance into society while rebelling against his ruthless and bigoted master, Judge Claude Frollo.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame II

The Hunchback of Notre Dame II is a 2002 American animated romantic musical comedy-drama film and a direct-to-video sequel to the 1996 Disney animated film The Hunchback of Notre Dame. It was produced by Walt Disney Animation Japan. Some years after the events of the first film, Quasimodo is pitted against a group of circus thieves led by the narcissistic Sarousch.

Live-action remake
A live-action remake of The Hunchback of Notre Dame was announced in January 2019. The script will be penned by David Henry Hwang with Menken and Schwartz returning to write the music. Josh Gad is set to produce and is possibly considered to play Quasimodo.

In 2023, Menken suggested that development on the live-action remake was stalled owing to the original movie's content and themes, commenting that "the Hunchback movie, Hunchback story involves a lot of real, real issues that are important issues and should be explored to be discussed. And there has to be an agreement about how we deal with those issues. You know, do we do a Hunchback without 'Hellfire'? I don't think so ... So it sits in this limbo right now."

Stage musical

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Der Glöckner von Notre Dame)

The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a musical based on the 1996 Disney film of the same name, which in turn was inspired by the 1831 Victor Hugo novel of the same name. It has music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, and book by James Lapine. The musical premiered in 1999 in Berlin, Germany as Der Glöckner von Notre Dame (literally translated in English, The Bellringer of Notre Dame). It was produced by Walt Disney Theatrical, the company's first musical to premiere outside the U.S. It ran for three years, becoming one of Berlin's longest-running musicals. A significantly revised version of the musical, with a new book by Peter Parnell, premiered at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego, California in 2014. Both versions of the musical restore Victor Hugo's darker ending and are in general closer to the tone of the novel.

The Hunchback of Notre Dame studio cast recording
The Hunchback of Notre Dame: A New Musical is a 2016 studio cast recording of the 2015 Paper Mill Playhouse production of Hunchback. It was released by Sh-K-Boom/Ghostlight Records.

Unprecedented for a non-Broadway cast recording, the album sold 10,000 copies, hitting No. 1 on the Cast Albums chart, No. 17 on Top Album Sales, and No. 47 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Theme park attractions

Festival of Fools
Festival of Fools commenced in 1996 and held its last show on April 18, 1998. LaughingPlace cited a review of the final show that said: "In the pantheon of great Disneyland parades and shows, the Festival of Fools resides in the top echelon. It operated on so many levels (history, humor, and heart felt emotion to name a few), stirred a passion seldom seen among its most faithful (of which I am no doubt one), and brought 1239 fun filled energetic performances to the wondrous eyes of children young and old, that it's very difficult to sum up the run or my feelings toward it".

Video games

The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games

In 1996, to tie in with the original theatrical release, The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Topsy Turvy Games was released by Disney Interactive for Windows and Game Boy, which is a collection of mini games based around the Festival of Fools that includes a variation of Balloon Fight.

Disney's Animated Storybook: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

Disney's Animated Storybook: The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a point-and-click video game released by Disney Interactive for the PC. It retells the film's plot in an abridged animated storybook form.

Kingdom Hearts
A world based on The Hunchback of Notre Dame, La Cité des Cloches (The City of Bells), made its debut appearance in the Kingdom Hearts series in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance. It was the first new Disney world confirmed for the game. Quasimodo, Esmeralda, Phoebus, Claude Frollo and the three gargoyles appear as characters in the world.

Disney Magic Kingdoms
The world builder video game Disney Magic Kingdoms, during a limited time Event based on The Hunchback of Notre Dame, introduced Quasimodo, Esmeralda, Phoebus, Claude Frollo and Djali as playable characters, as well as Bells of Notre Dame and Clopin's Puppet Wagon as attractions, in a storyline serving as a continuation after the events in the film.

Music

Soundtrack

The Hunchback of Notre Dame: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1996 Disney animated feature film, The Hunchback of Notre Dame. It includes songs written by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz with vocals performed by Paul Kandel, David Ogden Stiers, Tony Jay, Tom Hulce, Heidi Mollenhauer, Jason Alexander, Mary Wickes, and Mary Stout, along with singles by All-4-One/Eternal, and the film's score composed by Alan Menken.

 "The Bells of Notre Dame"
 "Out There"
 "Topsy Turvy"
 "God Help the Outcasts"
 "Heaven's Light"
 "Hellfire"
 "A Guy Like You"
 "Someday"

References

Walt Disney Studios (division) franchises
Film series introduced in 1996


title: Internet Party and Mana Movement

text:
The Internet Party and Mana Movement, also stylised as Internet Party and MANA Movement or simply Internet MANA, was a coalition of the Internet Party and the Mana Movement formed to contest the party vote in the 2014 New Zealand general election.

History
In May 2014, Internet Party chief executive Vikram Kumar and Mana Movement leader Hone Harawira announced a merger of the parties, to be known as the Internet Party and Mana Movement, or the abbreviated Internet Mana. Harawira is the founding leader of the party. Mana member Sue Bradford resigned immediately after the merger was announced. The party and its logo were registered with the New Zealand Electoral Commission on 24 July 2014, allowing the party to contest the party vote.

The Internet Party and Mana Movement contested the 2014 general election as a single entity. The memorandum of understanding between the Mana Movement and Internet Party gave the Mana Movement first, third and fourth places on the combined party list, while the Internet Party took second, fifth and sixth places. Subsequent places on the party list alternate between the two component parties. Electorate candidates stood as members of their respective parties rather than Internet Party and Mana Movement. The memorandum of understanding states that the agreement would remain in force until at least six weeks after polling day. The two component parties agreed to review their arrangement within five weeks of the election.

The Internet Party and Mana Movement was funded by online millionaire Kim Dotcom. It failed to win a seat in parliament. Dotcom, who was not a candidate because he is not a New Zealand citizen, told reporters as election results became clear, "I take full responsibility for this loss tonight because the brand—the brand Kim Dotcom—was poison for what we were trying to achieve."

Following post-election reviews by both components of the Internet Mana Movement, the relationship was dissolved on 13 December with both sides agreeing there had been 'no regrets' about the decision made to run together.

Electoral results

References

Political parties in New Zealand
Political parties established in 2014
2014 establishments in New Zealand
Defunct political parties in New Zealand
2014 disestablishments in New Zealand


title: Alexios Kolitsopoulos

text:
Alexios Kolitsopoulos (; born April 24, 1975) is a retired amateur Greek Greco-Roman wrestler, who competed in the men's middleweight category. He won a silver medal in the 76-kg division at the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia, and had been selected to the nation's Olympic wrestling team when Greece hosted the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Kolitsopoulos also trained for Iraklis Wrestling Club in Peristeri, under his personal coach Charalampos Cholidis.

Kolitsopoulos qualified for the Greek squad in the men's 74 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He filled up an entry by the International Federation of Association Wrestling and the Hellenic Olympic Committee, as Greece received an automatic berth for being the host nation. Amassed the home crowd inside Ano Liossia Olympic Hall, Kolitsopoulos started the prelim pool with a 2–2 victory and no penalty over Azerbaijan's Vugar Aslanov in overtime, before he lost his next matches each to three-time Olympian Tamás Berzicza of Hungary (3–0) and eventual Olympic champion Aleksandr Dokturishvili of Uzbekistan (8–4). Placing third in the pool round and twelfth overall, Kolitsopoulos failedto advance to the quarterfinals.

References

External links
Profile – International Wrestling Database

1975 births
Living people
Olympic wrestlers for Greece
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Athens
Greek male sport wrestlers
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Greece
Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in wrestling


title: Riaz filmography

text:
Riaz Uddin Ahamed Siddique (), better known as Riaz, is a Bangladeshi film actor, producer, and television presenter. Through his career in Bengali films (Dhallywood), Riaz has established himself as one of the most popular actors of Bangladeshi cinema. He has appeared in more than 100 Bengali films in genres ranging from romance to action and comedies. He is the recipient of numerous achievements, including three National Film Awards and seven Meril Prothom Alo Awards.

Riaz first appeared on screen as a side role hero filmmaker Dewan Nazrul's social action drama film Banglar Nayok (1995). He began a full-time career in film with a leading role in the highly successful romantic drama Praner Cheye Priyo (1997). In 2005 Riaz work with Bollywood actress Susmita Sen for Mahesh Manjrekars film It Was Raining That Night. His last released movie "Lobhe Paap Paape Mrittu" release was 14 February 2014, directed by Sohanur Rahman Sohan.

Film career
Early in his career Riaz played romantic roles in films such as Praner Cheye Priyo and Hridoyer Aina (1997), Kajer Meye, Prithibi Tomar Amar and Bhalobasi Tomake (1998), Biyer Phul and Narir Mon (1999), E Badhon Jabena Chire, Nishwase Tumi Biswase Tumi and Bhownkor Bishu (2000), Hridoyer Bandhon and O Priya Tumi Kothay (2001), Premer Taj Mahal (2002), Moner Majhe Tumi (2003), Wrong Number (2004), Hridoyer Kotha (2006) and Akash Chhoa Bhalobasa (2008).

Riaz has also acted in  literature-based films. He received wide critical acclaim for Dui Duari (2000), Shasti: Punishment, Megher Pore Megh: Clouds After Cloud and Shyamol Chhaya: The Green Shadow (2004), Hajar Bachhor Dhore: Symphony of Agony (2005), Bidrohi Padma and Khelaghar: Dollhouse (2006), Daruchini Dip and Ekjon Songe Chhilo (2007), Megher Koley Rod: Sunshine In The Clouds, Ki Jadu Korila and Chandra Grohon: The Lunar Eclipse (2008), Ebadat: The Worship (2009) and Modhumoti (2011). These roles gave established Riaz as a classical contemporary actor of Bengali cinema.

Filmography

Television

As an actor

Web series

As a host
 Meril Prothom Alo Awards - 2007 (with Ferdous Ahmed)
 Nirman-er Taraka - 2009-2010 (with Mushfika Tina)
 Nirman-er Taraka (Eid Special) - 2010 (with Mushfika Tina)
 Purti Utsab Tarar Mela - 2011 (with Moushumi)
 National Film Awards 2010 - 2012 (with Moushumi)

See also
 Dhallywood
 Bangladeshi film actor
 Cinema of Bangladesh

References

External links

Bangladeshi filmographies
Male actor filmographies


title: Tom Doyle

text:
Thomas Joseph Doyle (born 30 June 1992) is a New Zealand international footballer who currently plays as a left back for Bay Olympic in the Northern League.

Doyle made his senior professional debut for Wellington Phoenix FC in the 2014 FFA Cup against Adelaide United at the Marden Sports Complex on 5 August 2014. Adelaide won the match 1–0 in regulation time. During his time  with Wellington, he also operated as centre back.

Following a short stint at German club Chemnitzer FC, where he made six appearances in four months, Auckland City confirmed that Doyle had returned to the club alongside club legend Emiliano Tade on 13 January 2020.

Doyle played for New Zealand at the 2017 Confederations Cup.

Honours
New Zealand: OFC Nations Cup: 2016

See also
 List of Wellington Phoenix FC players

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Men's association football defenders
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Auckland City FC players
Miramar Rangers AFC players
Team Wellington FC players
Wellington Phoenix FC players
Chemnitzer FC players
A-League Men players
3. Liga players
New Zealand Football Championship players
New Zealand people of Irish descent
2016 OFC Nations Cup players
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup players
New Zealand expatriate men's association footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Germany


title: Bely Gorodok

text:
Bely Gorodok () is an urban-type settlement in Kimrsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Volga River, at the confluence of the Khotcha River. Population:

History
Bely Gorodok was first mentioned in the end of the 14th century (1366 and 1375 are commonly cited). At the time, it belonged to Principality of Tver, and later, together with the principality, was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the 18th century, it was included into the Moscow Governorate. In 1775 it was then transferred to the newly established Tver Viceroyalty and became a part of Kalyazinsky Uyezd. In 1796, the Viceroyalty was abolished and transformed into the Tver Governorate. On December 30, 1918, Kimrsky Uyezd, with its center in Kimry, was established, and Bely Gorodok was included into Kimrsky Uyezd.

On 12 August 1929, the Tver Governorate was abolished, and the area was transferred to Moscow Oblast. Uyezds were abolished as well, and Kimrsky District, with the administrative center in Kimry, was established within Kimry Okrug of Moscow Oblast. Bely Gorodok was a part of Kimrsky District. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kimrsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast. In 1951, the selo of Bely Gorodok was granted urban-settlement status. In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.

Economy

Industry
There is a shipyard in Bely Gorodok. There are also companies carrying out hydrotechnical engineering works and producing textile bags.

Transportation
There is a railway station at Bely Gorodok on the railway connecting Kimry and Kalyazin, with infrequent passenger traffic: suburban as well as long-distant.

Bely Gorodok has access to the paved road connecting Kimry and Taldom. There are bus connections with Kimry.

Culture and recreation
There is one cultural heritage monument of local significance in Bely Gorodok: the Church of Entry to Jerusalem built in 1825.

References

Notes

Sources

Urban-type settlements in Tver Oblast
Kalyazinsky Uyezd


title: Ichhunayuq

text:
Ichhunayuq (Quechua ichhuna sickle, -yuq a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with a sickle", Hispanicized spelling Ichunayoc) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, on the border of the districts of Coya and Pisac. Ichhunayuq lies at the archaeological site of Písac, northwest of the town.

See also
 Machu Kuntur Sinqa

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: J. D. Jackson (basketball)

text:
John-David William "J.D." Jackson (born February 27, 1969) is a Canadian-French former professional basketball player and coach. He most recently served as head coach of the French team BCM Gravelines-Dunkerque.

Playing career
Born in Burnaby, British Columbia, and grew up in Vernon, British Columbia, Jackson spent his college career at the University of British Columbia. He is one of the best players ever to wear a UBC uniform and was inducted into the UBC Sports Hall of Fame in 1998. He left UBC in 1992 as the school's leader in career points (3,585), career three-pointers (252), career free throws made (791) among other records. He received CIAU National Player of the Year honors in 1991 and 1992 and is a four-time CIAU All-Canadian. He represented the Canadian junior national team at the 1987 World Championships and Canada's men's national team at the 1990 and 1994 World Championships.

After a stint with the Halifax Wildjammers (WBL), he spent his professional career almost entirely in France, playing two years at Poissy-Chatou, one year at Prisse, two years at Antibes and seven at Le Mans Sarthe Basket. He won the French national championship and the La Semaine des As competition with Le Mans in 2006 and the French Cup in 2004. Jackson retired upon the conclusion of the 2005–06 season. He had his jersey number 14 retired at Le Mans.

Coaching career
Jackson served as head coach of Le Mans Sarthe Basket from 2008 to 2014. Under his guidance, the club claimed the French Cup in 2009 and the La Semaine des As (later Leaders Cup) competition in 2009 and 2014. After parting ways with Le Mans following the 2013–14 season, he took over head-coaching duties at fellow French LNB ProA side ASVEL Villeurbanne in December 2014. In his first full season (2015–16), he guided ASVEL to the French championship. In the 2016–17 season, Jackson led the team to a semi-final appearance. He was sacked on January 15, 2018, because results did not match up to the club's expectations. ASVEL was eighth in the ProA standings at the time of the sacking with a record of eight wins and eight defeats. Jackson served as an assistant coach for Canada's men's national team at the 2021 FIBA Americas qualification tournament. In early May 2021, he accepted the head-coaching role at BCM Gravelines-Dunkerque, returning to coaching after an absence of almost three and a half years. Jackson was sacked on November 24, 2022 with his Gravelines-Dunkerque team 14th of 18 teams in the French league after six defeats in nine games.

References

External links
 Profile at eurobasket.com
 Profile at asvelbasket.com

1969 births
Living people
ASVEL Basket coaches
Basketball people from British Columbia
Canadian basketball coaches
Canadian expatriate basketball people in France
Canadian men's basketball players
1990 FIBA World Championship players
French basketball coaches
Le Mans Sarthe Basket coaches
Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Sportspeople from Burnaby
UBC Thunderbirds basketball players
1994 FIBA World Championship players


title: Byala Reka, Shumen Province

text:
Byala Reka () is a village in the municipality of Varbitsa, located in the Shumen Province of northeastern Bulgaria. The village covers an area of  and is located  from Sofia. As of 2007, the village had a population of 1167 people.

References

Villages in Shumen Province


title: Cecilia (Dreyer and Ruby song)

text:
"Cecilia", full title "Does Your Mother Know You're Out Cecilia", is a 1926 song written by Dave Dreyer with lyrics by Harry Ruby. The song was first recorded by Whispering Jack Smith on Victor Records. Johnny Hamp was another who enjoyed success with the song in 1926.

Versions
Dick Jurgens with vocal by Ronnie Kemper (Columbia 37342) 1940, reissued 1947
Harry Cool 1947
Louis Prima 1947
Rose Murphy 1948
Frankie Carle 1952,
Grady Martin And His Slew Foot Five 1955
Somethin' Smith and The Redheads 1956,
Chet Atkins 1956,
The Music Of David Seville 1957,
Henri René and His Orchestra 1959,
Max Bygraves with Ted Heath and His Music 1959
The Jonah Jones Quartet 1961
Frankie Vaughan 1962
Bing Crosby (from the 1962 album On the Happy Side)
Mr. Mike, Australian singer, 1963,
Wayne King (from the 1965 album The Best of Wayne King and his Orchestra, Vol I)
Brad Swanson 1970,
Floyd Vivino performing as "Oogie" 2007
Bill Ramsey (singer) German version "Cecilia (Schau, schau mich nicht so an)" Dreyer, Bartels
NRBQ 1977

References

1926 songs
Songs with music by Dave Dreyer
Songs with lyrics by Harry Ruby


title: Calamotropha abrupta

text:
Calamotropha abrupta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li and Hou-Hun Li in 2012. It is found in Yunnan, China.

References

Crambinae
Moths described in 2012


title: Brett Hudson (politician)

text:
Brett John Hudson (born 1965) is a New Zealand politician who was a Member of Parliament for the New Zealand National Party from 2014 to 2020.

Political career
Hudson stood in the 2011 election, but his rank of 73rd on National's party list meant he was not elected to Parliament. In 2014 election the National Party selected him to contest Ōhāriu against incumbent Peter Dunne of the United Future Party. While unsuccessful in his electorate, he was ranked 39th on National's 2014 party list, enough to become a list MP.

At the 2020 election Hudson lost Ōhāriu by nearly 12,000 votes, and was not placed high enough on National's list to return to Parliament as a list MP.

References

Living people
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand list MPs
Place of birth missing (living people)
1965 births
Unsuccessful candidates in the 2011 New Zealand general election
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election


title: Calamotropha aequilata

text:
Calamotropha aequilata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Wei-Chun Li and Hou-Hun Li in 2012. It is found in Hainan, China.

References

Crambinae
Moths described in 2012


title: LPS HD Clinceni

text:
Club Sportiv LPS HD Clinceni, commonly known as Clinceni and formerly known as Academica Clinceni is a Romanian amateur football club based in Clinceni, Ilfov County, currently playing in the Liga IV - Ilfov County. In the summer of 2022 former Academica Clinceni went bankrupt, but the club was refounded as LPS HD (Liceul cu Program Sportiv Helmuth Duckadam) Clinceni.

Academica Clinceni was founded in Buftea in 2005, following a merger between two clubs, and enrolled directly in the third division. It promoted to the Liga II at the end of the 2007–08 season, but participated in the competition for only one year after it sold its place and returned to the third tier. After several years Buftea promoted again, but following the withdrawn of their financial support the club had to relocate three times—The first time in 2013, when it was bought by the authorities from Clinceni, also in Ilfov County, one year later when it moved to Pitești, and finally when it returned to Clinceni and settled on the current name in 2015.

In 2017, Academica started a partnership with FCSB, loaning a number of youth players from the latter's academy, and achieved a surprising promotion to the Liga I in 2019. The team represents the smallest locality to ever participate in the Romanian first league, the commune of Clinceni only having a population of roughly 5,000 people.

History

CS Buftea, first years and ascent (2005–2013)
FC Academica Clinceni was founded in 2005 under the name of CS Buftea, being originally based in the town of Buftea, Ilfov County. CS Buftea was formed following a merger between a local team from Buftea, which was playing in the fourth division and Cimentul Fieni, first colors of the club were red, white and blue and as a peculiarity, the senior squad of the club was enrolled directly in the third tier (Liga III) and assigned to the third series, on the place occupied by Cimentul, where it was ranked 6th at the end of the season. Next season (2006–07) was a better one for the club located only 20 km north-west of Bucharest, finishing on the podium and achieving the bronze medal, but pretty far from the champions Concordia Chiajna (13 points) and runners-up Juventus București (8 points). The ascension of the club continued and at the end of the 2007–08 season has advanced a place, finishing this time as runners-up, in a third series totally dominated by FC Ploiești which had an advance of 19 points in front of "the red-white-blue team". After a promotion play-off tournament held on neutral ground, at Câmpina on Poiana Stadium, CS Buftea promoted for the first time in its history in the Liga II. The promotion was obtained after winning the first group of the play-off tournament, a group consisting of Juventus București, Aerostar Bacău and "the red-white-blue team".

In the summer of 2008, after the promotion, the football club led at that time by president Sorin Dumitrescu and general manager Dumitru Tudor, realized that it would be quite difficult to manage by itself in the second tier and started a collaboration with the top-flight squad Politehnica Timișoara. Through this collaboration at Buftea arrived, on loan, a number of important players such as Cristian Zimmermann, Ioan Mera, Alin Rațiu, Marian Chițu, Adrian Popa, Cristian Scutaru, Artur Pătraș, Alexandru Popovici, Florin Sandu, Adrian Poparadu, Gueye Mansour or Mircea Axente, among others. With this dream team in which more than half of the players were on loan from Politehnica Timișoara, the club was quickly perceived as a satellite of "the white and violet" club. The technical bench has been completed with Ion Balaur (head coach), Daniel Iftodi and Vasile Caciureac (assistant managers), Nicolae Ciocănișteanu (goalkeeping coach) and the club near Bucharest ended the autumn season on an honorable seven place, with 23 points, over teams such as Petrolul Ploiești, Sportul Studențesc, Concordia Chiajna, FC Botoșani or FCM Bacău. During the winter break the collaboration with Politehnica Timișoara was broken, the club from the banks of Bega choosing Gloria Buzău as the new informal satellite, president Sorin Dumitrescu left the club, in his place being named Constantin Niță, all the important players were redirected to Buzău and the technical staff resigned. In January 2009 executive president was named Anamaria Prodan, a football agent, and Cristian Țermure was hired as the new head coach, the results were far below expectations, the squad accumulating only 10 points and avoiding the relegation mostly due to the points made in the first part of the season.

The tough spring of 2009 was clear evidence for the town of Buftea that the club could not sustain itself financially at this level and in July 2009 mayor of Buftea announced that the team sold its place in the Liga II to Săgeata Stejaru for 500,000€ and that the club will continue to play in the Liga III, in Săgeata's place, the two clubs practically swapping their places. After "the self-relegation" episode, the club started the Liga III season with a small name change, now being known under the name of ACS Buftea (Asocția Club Sportiv Buftea), but with the same logo and colors. A 5th place at the end of the season, followed by a 9th place at the end of the 2010–11 campaign put the club in the shadow, now being only a mid-table team in the third tier of the Romanian football league system.

In the summer of 2011, Buftenii has gathered the ranks and under the leadership of president Sorin Dumitrescu (also the former president of the club during the 2007–08 campaign) and head coach Lavi Hrib obtained a promotion against the odds, a promotion that was disputed until the last rounds of the season, the main rival, Viitorul Domnești, finishing at the same number of points, 51. After the promotion, the same financial problems, as at the previous one, appeared, this time much more serious. In summer 2012, the town of Buftea decided that it could not sustain financially the club in the second division and ordered the football club to withdraw before starting the season. Meanwhile, a group of businessmen from Snagov showed interest in taking over the club, but the negotiations were in progress when the squad should have play a Romanian Cup preliminary round against third division side ACS Berceni. So, in order not to be excluded, the team sent on the pitch a first eleven composed mostly of youth players, registering not only the biggest defeat in the history of the club, but probably the biggest defeat in the history of the Romania football, 0–31. Finally bought by a group of private sponsors, ACS Buftea was enrolled in the championship, Lavi Hrib, the head coach which promoted the club in the Liga II, was sacked after a few rounds being replaced by Giani Kiriță, who was then replaced during the winter break by Valentin Bădoi. Surprisingly the squad had good results being ranked 6th at the end of the season, the best result ever for the club near Bucharest.

Academica, a club on the roads (2013–2017)
On 2 August 2013 the club was sold, by its private owners, to commune of Clinceni, a locality that had at that time a team in the Liga III, named Inter Clinceni. The procedures moved quickly, ACS Buftea changed its name to FC Clinceni, the red, white and blue colors were changed in black and blue, Inter Clinceni was kept in the third tier, but its best players, together with a group from ACS Buftea made the new squad, Valentin Bădoi being named as the head coach. The club was ranked 6th at the end of the 2012–13 edition, equaling their best performance, achieved only one season before.

In the summer of 2014, it seemed that the good results of the club do not provide also the financial security, the commune of Clinceni choosing to sell the club, at only one year after buying it. The new buyer was Constantin Moroianu, a businessman and owner of Cafea Fortuna, the largest Romanian coffee maker. Moroianu chose to move and rebrand the club, this time the base was set outside the Ilfov County, more exactly in Pitești, Argeș County, 115 km from Clinceni; the club was renamed as Academica Argeș, the black and blue kits were replaced by the new white and purple ones and as manager was hired Marius Baciu. Academica Argeș started as a project which was supposed to replace FC Argeș Pitești, the traditional club of the city and double champion of Romania, football club which was declared bankrupt in the same year. The new project, however, did not attract the supporters' sympathy or the financial support of the local authorities and after a 2014–15 season in which "the Academics" fought for promotion until the end, finally losing it in front of FC Voluntari, Moroianu withdrew and sold the club back to commune of Clinceni.

Back to Clinceni in the summer of 2015, Academica Argeș was renamed as Academica Clinceni, the colors were changed back from white and purple to black and blue and the logo also suffered some transformations. Former footballers Bogdan Apostu and László Balint were named as general manager, respectively head coach. In the winter of 2016 financial problems were back to "the Academics" and after a difficult period, during the winter break, the club was sold again. At a short time after the transaction, in the Romanian press started to appear many articles about the fact that the club was bought by a Chinese company. At the end of the season "the black and blues" finished on a well deserved six place, away from any worries.

"The Academics" are going up (2017–2022)

In the summer of 2017, local authorities from Clinceni have returned to the club's ownership, former footballer Sorin Paraschiv was named as general manager and Erik Lincar as head coach. "The Academics" also returned to the old methods and started a collaboration with a top-flight club, this time FCSB, club which loaned some young players in the Ilfov County. During the winter break Lincar left the club, being replaced by Ilie Poenaru and "the black and blues" finished the championship on the 6th place. 2018–19 season was a fantastic one for the club, which under the led of Ilie Poenaru and with a squad composed of young players coming on loan from FCSB, others who grew up at Sportul Studențesc Academy and some of them with first league appearances such as Vasile Olariu, Paul Pîrvulescu or captain Răzvan Patriche, managed to promote in the Liga I, for the first time in its history, surpassing teams such as Universitatea Cluj, Petrolul Ploiești, Argeș Pitești or UTA Arad. ACS Buftea was previously in collaboration with Politehnica Timișoara.

LPS HD Clinceni (2022-present)
After being directly relegated to Liga III due to financial problems, Academicienii made the decision to take it from the bottom, more precisely from Liga IV.
Starting with the 2022–2023 season, Ilfovenii will participate in Seria 2 of the Liga IV - Ilfov County, using the name of former Steaua's goalkeeper, Helmut Duckadam.

Youth program
Youth academy of FC Academica Clinceni is still a project in development, currently in the academy of the club that represents the smallest locality that ever had a football team in the first tier, are no less than 700 kids and youth players.

Grounds

Stadionul Clinceni
Clinceni Stadium, located in Clinceni, Ilfov County is the current home ground of Academica Clinceni. Opened in 2011 and with a capacity of 4,500 seats, the stadium, also known as Clinceni Arena, is the main ground of a modern complex that consists of many other football pitches. The stadium was between 2011 and 2015 the home ground of Inter Clinceni and during the 2013–14 season, then again from 2015, the home ground of Academica. In the autumn of 2018 started a renovation process that included, among others, the pitch modernization, capacity expansion to 4,500 seats and the installment of a floodlight system. The second ground of the Clinceni Complex is approved to host Liga II matches, having a capacity of 1,000 seats.

Honours
Liga II
Runners-up (2): 2014–15, 2018–19
Liga III
Winners (1): 2011–12
Runners-up (1): 2007–08
Liga IV – Ilfov County
Winners (1): 2022–23

Players

First-team squad

 (on loan from Rapid București)

Club officials

Board of directors

 Last updated: 28 February 2022
 Source:Board of directors

Current technical staff

 Last updated: 28 February 2022
 Source:Technical staff

League history

Notable former players
The footballers enlisted below have had international cap(s) for their respective countries at junior and/or senior level and/or more than 50 caps for FC Academica Clinceni/LPS HD Clinceni.

  Andrei Antohi
  Mircea Axente
  Mihai Butean
  Costin Gheorghe
  Arman Karamyan
  Artavazd Karamyan
  Giani Kiriță
  Cezar Lungu
  Artur Pătraș
  Bogdan Pătrașcu
  Adrian Popa
  Cornel Predescu
  Ion Prodan
  Cristian Pulhac
  Cristian Scutaru
  Stelian Stancu
  Florin Ștefan
  Andrei Vițelaru

Notable former managers

  Ionel Augustin
  Marius Baciu
  László Balint
  Valentin Bădoi
  Lavi Hrib
  Giani Kiriță
  Erik Lincar
  Marin Radu
  Ilie Poenaru

References

Football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Ilfov County
Sport in Ilfov County
Association football clubs established in 2005
Liga I clubs
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
2005 establishments in Romania


title: Nuk Korako

text:
Tutehounuku "Nuk" Korako  ( ; born 1954) is a New Zealand politician and member of Canterbury Regional Council (Environment Canterbury). He was previously a list Member of Parliament, representing the National Party, from 2014 to 2019.

Early life and family
Korako is of the Ngāi Tahu iwi. His father is from North Canterbury and was a freezing worker; his paternal grandfather was a wharfie. His mother is from Te Rāpaki-o-Te Rakiwhakaputa in Banks Peninsula.

Korako was educated at St Stephen's School in Bombay south of Auckland, Rangiora High School, and Lincoln College. He is married to Christine, and they have four sons.

Career
Korako is a businessman in the tourism sector and a Ngāi Tahu board member.

Political career

Korako supported the National Party for many years, and contributed to Bob Parker's 2007 mayoral campaign.

Korako stood for Christchurch City Council in the 2013 local elections in the Banks Peninsula ward. Based on preliminary results, he was just five votes behind Andrew Turner, with 80 special votes still to be counted. On the strength that he might get declared elected, Korako attended the induction meeting, and joined the council delegation that met Earthquake Recovery Minister Gerry Brownlee. One week after the election, Turner was declared the winner with a five votes margin.

Korako contested Port Hills for National in the . He was selected as the National candidate over fellow contenders Lincoln Platt and Jason White, and had been asked to stand by former Banks Peninsula MP and current Speaker of the House David Carter. The electorate was won by the incumbent Ruth Dyson of the Labour Party, but National polled well enough that Korako entered Parliament via the National party list. He chaired the Māori Affairs Committee in his first term.

In 2016, Korako had a private member's bill drawn by ballot for debate in Parliament. The Airport Authorities (Publicising Lost Property Sales) Amendment Bill would allow airports to decide the best way to advertise lost property for sale. The Bill was criticised by Labour, New Zealand First and ACT for being a minor law change that could have been achieved through other legislative means. The Government eventually progressed Korako's sought amendments through a Statutes Amendment Bill, rather than a standalone law change.

Korako was re-elected as a list MP in the 2017 election, having failed to unseat Dyson for a second time. National was in Opposition from the election; Korako served as the party's spokesperson for Māori Affairs and Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations from November 2017 to May 2019, when he retired.

In mid-April 2019, Korako announced his retirement from politics, which took effect on 16 May 2019. He was succeeded by Paulo Garcia.

After the 2022 local elections, Korako was appointed as a Ngāi Tahu representative on Environment Canterbury.

Political views
Korako held generally conservative positions. He voted against cannabis reform and euthanasia reform as a Member of Parliament.

References

1954 births
Living people
People from Kaiapoi
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand list MPs
Ngāi Tahu people
Māori MPs
People educated at Rangiora High School
Lincoln University (New Zealand) alumni
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Māori politicians
New Zealand justices of the peace
Canterbury regional councillors


title: Chris Bishop (politician)

text:
Christopher Bishop (born 4 September 1983) is a New Zealand National Party politician who was first elected to the New Zealand House of Representatives in 2014 as a list MP. Bishop won the Hutt South electorate in 2017 but lost the seat in 2020. He returned to Parliament as a National list MP and served as National spokesperson for Housing and Infrastructure and is the Shadow Leader of the House. He is the Chairperson of National's 2023 Election Campaign.

Early life
Bishop grew up in Lower Hutt and attended Eastern Hutt School primary, Hutt Intermediate School and Hutt International Boys' School in Upper Hutt. His father is political journalist, and founder of the New Zealand Taxpayers' Union, John Bishop, and his mother, Rosemary Dixon, is an environmental lawyer. In 2000 he was a member of the New Zealand Youth Parliament, selected to represent List MP Muriel Newman. He graduated Victoria University of Wellington with first-class honours in Law and a Bachelor of Arts in History and Politics. He claims to have won 10 intervarsity debating tournaments, including at the Cambridge Union and Sydney Union, and a range of awards for legal argument and oratory. He met his partner, Jenna Raeburn, through the Victoria University Debating Society. Bishop worked as a summer clerk at Russell McVeagh and Crown Law while at university. While at university he had a part-time position at the Ministry of Education to draft letters for the then Minister of Education, Trevor Mallard.

After the 2008 general election, he worked as a ministerial advisor for Gerry Brownlee for 2 years 7 months. Then he worked as a Corporate Affairs Manager for the tobacco company Philip Morris, claiming to be a member of the NZ Management Team despite only being less than 3 years out of University. Then worked as a staffer to Steven Joyce. Bishop is a former tobacco lobbyist for Phillip Morris.

Political career

Bishop's work for Philip Morris attracted headlines and comments when he stood for parliament for the National Party, given he worked against the party's plans to increase tobacco excise and introduce plain packaging. On the day of his selection as a candidate he announced that he supported both policies.

First term: 2014–2017
He contested the Hutt South electorate at the 2014 election, where he placed second behind incumbent Labour MP Trevor Mallard but entered Parliament as a list MP for the 2014–2017 term. Redistribution of electorate boundaries prior to the election saw Hutt South lose the Labour-leaning suburb of Naenae for the National-leaning western hill suburbs, helping Bishop cut Mallard's majority from 4,825 to 709.

Bishop served on the Finance and Expenditure, Justice and Electoral, and Regulations Review select committees.  Bishop  was also part of a cross-party group initiated by Jan Logie to look at and advocate for LGBTI rights. A member's bill in Bishop's name, the Compensation for Live Organ Donors’ Act 2016, passed the house unanimously. The bill aims to remove a financial deterrent to the donation of organs by live donors.

Second term: 2017–2020
Bishop won the Hutt South electorate at the 2017 New Zealand general election. Long-serving Member of Parliament for Hutt South Trevor Mallard did not contest the election, instead choosing to only appear on the Labour list to become Speaker of the House. Ginny Andersen stood as the Labour candidate. Bishop defeated her by a margin of 1,530 votes. In doing so, Bishop became the first-ever National MP for the seat. This result was credited to a 4-year campaign in the area that donned him the title "Mr Everywhere Man".

The formation of the Sixth Labour Government saw Bishop serve in Opposition. Following Bill English's resignation in February 2018, Bishop publicly endorsed Amy Adams for Leader of the National Party. Adams represented the more liberal wing of the National Party. Adams lost the leadership vote to Simon Bridges. Bridges promoted Bishop into his shadow cabinet in June 2019, allocating him the portfolios of Transport and Regional Development.

In February 2018 it was disclosed that Bishop was using the social media platform Snapchat to communicate with his constituents including teenage girls. Parents of the affected stated that his intentions appeared misguided and not malicious. Bishop has since stated that he was running the Snapchat account to help young people become interested in politics and has changed his account so to only allow for communication with his close friends. ACT party leader David Seymour has stated his backing for Bishop, saying that "an MP's job is to engage with the young, which is what Bishop was doing".

In March 2020 Bishop went into voluntary isolation for the COVID-19 virus after visiting Australia.

Bishop played a significant role in the May 2020 leadership coup that saw Simon Bridges removed as leader and replaced by Todd Muller, acting as Muller's "numbers man" alongside Nicola Willis. He was subsequently promoted to 12th in caucus with the portfolios of Transport and Infrastructure. Muller resigned after 55 days becoming the shortest serving leader of any political party represented in Parliament in New Zealand's history, being replaced by Judith Collins. Bishop was promoted to the front bench as 7th in caucus, retaining his portfolios and gaining "Shadow Leader of the House". With Muller's backers Bishop and Willis rising under Collins, political commentators speculated that "potential dissenters are being kept busy with big new portfolios".

In June 2020, claims were made by Health Minister David Clark that Bishop lobbied for the early release from the quarantine of two sisters who later tested positive for COVID-19. Bishop later stated that he only forwarded their concern through the appropriate channels. He also stated they should have been tested before being released.

Third term: 2020–present
Bishop again contested the Hutt South electorate in the 2020 New Zealand general election. He lost the seat to Labour MP Ginny Andersen by a final margin of 3,777 votes. Despite this loss, Bishop was re-elected to Parliament on the National Party list.

On 28 August 2021, Bishop was stripped by party leader Collins of his Shadow Leader of the House portfolio during a reshuffle of her shadow cabinet. Collins claimed that Bishop was stepping down from the portfolio to focus on his role as the National Party's COVID-19 spokesperson. According to Stuff, Bishop had disagreed with the Party's stance on conversion therapy and pushed for a conscience vote on the proposed Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Bill. On 30 August, Collins denied losing her temper at Bishop and fellow National MP Erica Stanford for publicly suggesting that they disagreed with the Party's stance on the conversion therapy legislation.

After Collins was deposed as National leader in November 2021, and Christopher Luxon was elected in her place, Bishop was promoted to 4th in the National line up, retaining his COVID-19 Response portfolio in Luxon's Shadow Cabinet, and being reappointed Shadow Leader of the House. In March 2022 he was promoted to third rank in the National line-up and took on the Housing and Infrastructure portfolios. In September 2022 he was appointed as the Chairperson of National's 2023 Election Campaign, and gave up the COVID-19 Response portfolio.

On 19 January 2023, Bishop became the National Party's urban development and Resource Management Act (RMA) Reform spokesperson following a reshuffle of Luxon's Shadow Cabinet.

In the 2023 New Zealand general election, Bishop defeated Labour incumbent Ginny Andersen to reclaim Hutt South for the National Party by an election night margin of 1,094 votes.

Personal life
Bishop has a son with his wife, Jenna Raeburn, born in June 2022. He also has a Samoyed dog called Ladyhawke, named for Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke.

In 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, and following the lowering of COVID-19 alert levels, Bishop appeared in parliament with a mullet, nicknamed the 'Bishmullet'.  He states he did it to raise money for a local charity Good Bitches Baking, raising $10,000 for the charity through online donations.

References

|-

|-

1983 births
Living people
People from Lower Hutt
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand list MPs
New Zealand MPs for Hutt Valley electorates
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2023 New Zealand general election
New Zealand Youth MPs


title: Greenland Patrol

text:
The Greenland Patrol was a United States Coast Guard operation during World War II. The patrol was formed to support the U.S. Army building aerodrome facilities in Greenland for ferrying aircraft to the British Isles, and to defend Greenland with special attention to preventing German operations in the northeast. Coast Guard cutters were assisted by aircraft and dog sled teams patrolling the Greenland coast for Axis military activities. The patrol escorted Allied shipping to and from Greenland, built navigation and communication facilities, and provided rescue and weather ship services in the area from 1941 through 1945.

Background
Earth's atmospheric circulation pattern requires westerly meteorological observations for prediction of weather conditions to the east. Weather observation stations in Greenland improved the accuracy of weather forecasting for the Atlantic Ocean and northern Europe for tactical advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic and European theatre of World War II. Greenland had been part of the Danish colonial empire since 1814. Greenland appeared relatively unprotected following German occupation of Denmark on 9 April 1940. The Allies of World War II became concerned about the possibility of Axis military bases on Greenland. The cryolite mine at Ivittuut was a strategically important source of flux for electrolysis of aluminum ores by the Hall–Héroult process for aircraft production.

United States Coast Guard personnel had acquired extensive experience in the waters around Greenland as part of their International Ice Patrol duties since 1915. Following negotiations with the Danish Minister to Washington, the United States opened a consulate at Nuuk; and the  transported the first American Consul to Ivittuut in May 1940. The United States then agreed to sell armaments to Greenland; and fourteen Coast Guardsmen were discharged to act as civilian armed guards protecting the cryolite mine with a  gun offloaded from the .  conducted an air survey of Greenland's west coast in August 1940, while  cruised along Greenland's east coast searching for evidence of European military activity and compiling information for publication of a Greenland Pilot. Northland discovered three weather reporting stations being operated by Norwegians reporting conditions to Germany.  The United States State Department reported the situation to British authorities who dispatched a Norwegian gunboat to arrest the Norwegians and close the weather stations.  On 17 March 1941 USCGC Cayuga sailed from Boston with the South Greenland Survey Expedition to locate and recommend sites for airfields, seaplane bases, radio stations, meteorological stations, and aids to navigation. Northland relieved Cuyuga on 17 May 1941 to continue the survey expedition after Cuyuga was turned over to the Royal Navy as HMS Totland.

The United States occupied Greenland on 9 April 1941 under the expansive doctrine adopted at the Havana Conference (1940). As the survey results became available, construction began on a radio and aerological station on Akia Island and airfields at Narsarsuaq and at Kipisako near Ivittuut. Narsarsuaq Air Base was code-named Bluie West 1 (or BW1), and became the major Allied airfield in Greenland. Thousands of planes stopped there to refuel en route to England.

In the autumn of 1942, Germany implemented Operation Notch transporting a weather party to eastern Greenland aboard the weather ship Hermann. The ship remained icebound while the weather party radioed weather observations hoping they would not be found in the darkness of polar winter. Similar weather station Operations Viola and Edelweiss were supported by the weather ships Coburg in the autumn of 1943, and Kehdingen in the autumn of 1944.

History

A South Greenland Patrol was established on 1 June 1941 with Geodetic Survey ship Bowdoin, tug , and cutters USCGC Comanche and .  with  and USCGC Northland established a Northeast Greenland Patrol a month later. The two patrols were consolidated in October 1941 as Task Force 24.8, the Greenland Patrol of the Atlantic Fleet. USCG Commander Edward H. Smith, who had been in charge of the Northeast Greenland Patrol, was given command of the combined force and soon afterward promoted to Captain.

On 12 September 1941 Northland intercepted the Norwegian sealer Buskø, which was supporting a German radio station transmitting weather information to Germany. Northland put a prize crew aboard Buskø, captured the radio station with some code information, and interned the personnel at Boston.

The Greenland Patrol was responsible for escorting ships bringing men and supplies to Greenland, and sometimes for breaking a path through the ice to assist their arrival. On 25 August 1942  was escorting the United States Army Transport Chatham as the fast section of convoy SG 6 while  and Algonquin were escorting the slow section of  and  with steamships Biscaya, Arlyn and Alcoa Guard. Chatham and Arlyn were sunk by  and Laramie was damaged by .

Danes, Norwegians, and Inuit were recruited into a sledge patrol to search for additional Axis weather reporting stations along the coast. Sledge expeditions also rescued Allied airmen making forced landings on the Greenland ice cap. Coast Guard work parties built range lights, shore markers and LORAN radio beacons to aid navigation. Northland landed 41 men with thirty tons of equipment to establish a high-frequency direction finding station on Jan Mayen in November 1942. The sledge patrol attacked the Operation Notch weather station supported by Hermann and captured some weather station personnel before the remainder were rescued by German aircraft. Hermann was sunk by allied aircraft.

The Greenland Patrol was augmented in the summer of 1942 by ten fishing trawlers purchased in Boston, repainted in blue and white Thayer system camouflage, and given Inuit names. Natsek disappeared on 17 December 1942 while transiting the Strait of Belle Isle with Nanok and  in gale-force winds with blinding snow. The  trawler was never seen again, and may have been capsized by ice accumulation from freezing spray in heavy seas. Surviving trawlers were returned to their civilian owners in 1944 as Tacoma-class frigates became available for weather ship duties.

 of convoy SG 19 was torpedoed by  on 2 February 1943 while being escorted by ,  and Comanche. Despite rescue efforts by the cutters, 675 men died of hypothermia or drowning in the worst United States troopship sinking of the war. Escanaba was later destroyed by a mysterious explosion on 13 June 1943.

From October 1943 Coast Guard Patrol Bombing Squadron Six operated twelve Consolidated PBY Catalinas from Narsarsuaq Air Base, Naval Station Argentia, and Reykjavík Airport providing reconnaissance, antisubmarine patrol, mail delivery, rescue service, and observation surveys of ice conditions for ships of the Greenland Patrol. Aircraft greatly improved patrol efficiency when weather conditions were suitable for flying. Ships of the Greenland Patrol acted as plane guards on weather patrol stations in the Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and south of Cape Farewell maintaining radio contact with trans-Atlantic aircraft flights and provided rescue service for aircraft ditching at sea. In November 1943, USCG Commodore Earl G. Rose, a decorated veteran of World War I escort duty, succeeded Edward Smith as commander of the Greenland Patrol.

Between July and October 1944, Northland, ,  and  operated against Axis weather stations on the northeast coast of Greenland. Coburg was destroyed in July after being damaged by ice and her weather party evacuated by a U-boat. Northland intercepted Kehdingen and captured her German weather party, while escaping an attack by the escorting U-703 when the U-boat's torpedoes detonated on floating ice. Failure of the first attempt at Operation Edelweiss produced a followup effort by the weather ship Externsteine which was similarly intercepted. Capture of sixty German weather personnel effectively ended Axis weather observation from Greenland in October 1944.

Ships of the Greenland Patrol
Some ships of the Greenland Patrol were conventional cutters briefly assigned to the patrol. Others were unique and sometimes historic vessels specifically designed for polar exploration and well suited to conditions encountered by the patrol. Larger cutters escorted  convoys of freighters and troopships between ydney and the larger  reenland ports serving Narsarsuaq Air Base and the Ivittuut cryolite mine, while trawlers and tugs (sometimes towing barges) distributed supplies from those ports to smaller Army Bluie bases on remote fjords without port facilities.

Three cutters in the Patrol (Bear, Bowdoin and Northland) were equipped with sails.  This was, most probably, the last time sail powered ships were used for wartime missions.

Greenland Patrol Memorial

There is an annual memorial wreath dedication in memory of the Greenland Patrol, conducted by the U.S. Coast Guard.

Greenland Patrol in literature

Fiction
Wilson, Sloan, Ice Brothers.  1979. (Arbor House).

Nonfiction
  United States Coast Guard Aviation History. n.d., 1941: The Coast Guard and the Greenland Operations
Novak, Thaddeus D. and P.J. Capelotti.  1942.  Life and Death on the Greenland Patrol,  Reissued by the University Press of Florida (2005). .  Novak kept a diary of his time as a Coast Guardsman in the North Atlantic.
Tilley, John A. The Coast Guard and the Greenland Patrol
Wilson, Sloan.  1976.  What Shall We Wear to This Party?: The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit, Twenty Years Before & After (Arbor House). . Part 2, “Ignorance is Death,” pp. 55–129, describes the author's entry into the U.S. Coast Guard as an ensign, assigned first to the .  He was transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Nogak to become executive officer and later promoted to captain.

Notes

Citations

References used

Battle of the Atlantic
History of the United States Coast Guard


title: Parmjeet Parmar

text:
Kushmiita Parmjeet Kaur Parmar (born 1970) is a New Zealand politician who was elected to the New Zealand parliament at the 2014 general election as a representative of the New Zealand National Party and became the first Indian-born woman to become a Member of the New Zealand Parliament. She was appointed as the Opposition Spokesperson for Research, Science and Innovation from 3 November 2017, and Statistics on 16 July 2020 and Opposition Associate Spokesperson for Economic Development on 12 March 2018.  She was made the Chairperson of the Education and Workforce Select Committee in her second term from 14 May 2018 to until the end of that term and the Deputy Chairperson of the Transport and Industrial Relations Select Committee in her first term.

She returned to parliament on the ACT list in the 2023 New Zealand general election.

Early life
Parmar grew up in India where her father served in the Indian Air Force. She completed a masters in biochemistry in India and in 1995 moved to New Zealand to join her husband. At the University of Auckland, she gained a PhD in neuroscience and the title of her 2003 doctoral thesis was Neuroserpin regulates neurite outgrowth in AtT-20 and PC12 cell lines. She then worked as a scientist. In 2007, Parmar and her husband became directors of confectionery company, Kiwi Empire Confectionery Limited. She also worked as a current affairs and talkback host on Radio Tarana, and accompanied former prime ministers Helen Clark and John Key on their official visits to India as a member of the press. The Minister of Social Development, Paula Bennett, appointed her to the board of the-then Families Commission in 2013. She entered Parliament as a National list MP in 2014.

Political career

In early 2014, Parmar was photographed wearing a National Party ribbon with John Key at an Auckland event. This led Labour MP Rajen Prasad to question whether it was appropriate for Parmar to remain as a commissioner for the Families Commission, fuelled also by rumours of Parmar's potential of running as a candidate for the 2014 general election.

Parmar contested the Mount Roskill electorate at the 2014 election and came second place after Labour's candidate Phil Goff. Ranked at 48 on National's party list, she was elected as a list MP. National, however, won the party vote in the electorate for the first time since the seat's formation.

During the 2016 by-election and 2017 election, she again contested the seat of Mount Roskill, coming second to Labour's Michael Wood, and was re-elected as a list MP.

First term
As a former Families Commissioner, she was a Member of the Social Services Select Committee.

Parmar was made the Deputy Chairperson of the Transport and Industrial Relations Select Committee later in the Parliamentary term. She campaigned for bus stops to be sheltered, with the goal of making public transport more accessible to the elderly. Parmar also campaigned on improving public transport in the community and for more modes of transport to be made available in Mt Roskill.

Parmar’s Member’s Bill entitled the "Newborn Enrolment with General Practice Bill", was drawn and introduced in the House on 11 May 2017. The Bill, which proposed to require newborns to be enrolled with a general practice before the age of 6 months, passed its first reading and was referred to the Health Select Committee.

Second term
Following the 2017 election, Parmar was appointed as the Shadow Minister for Research, Science and Innovation and Associate Shadow Minister for Economic Development and later as the Shadow Minister for Statistics.

Parmar served as a member for the Economic Development, Science and Innovation Select Committee until she was made the Chairperson of the Education and Workforce Select Committee.

She continued her campaign for local improvements of roads in Mt Roskill, and successfully campaigned for an accident-prone intersection to be converted to a roundabout.

Her Member's Bill "Newborn Enrolment with General Practice Bill" was reported back from the Select Committee in May 2018 and came before the House for a second reading, however was unsuccessful in progressing to a third reading, after the Labour-led Coalition Government pulled their support for the Bill.

Parmar drafted a second Member's Bill entitled the "Patents (Advancement Patents) Amendment Bill" which proposed to create a second-tier patent with lesser eligibility requirements and protection compared to the standard patent. Parmar's bill was drawn from the ballot in April 2018 and subsequently attracted attention from local patent attorneys, the software industry, and from overseas jurisdictions. The Bill was ultimately unsuccessful at its first reading, as the Government did not support the Bill.

Parmar worked with a Mt Roskill local amenity, Stardome Observatory, to help fix an issue that all Auckland Regional Amenities faced in regards to their financial reporting requirements. Parmar sponsored a Private Bill entitled the "Auckland Regional Amenities Funding Amendment Bill" and successfully gained the unanimous support of the House. The Bill received Royal Assent on 2 July 2020.

As a member of various inter-parliamentary associations during her second term she attended and spoke at national and international conferences including:

 25th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum in Nadi, Fiji, from 15 to 19 January 2017. Parmar presented on developing regional and sub-regional strategies on combating non-communicable diseases.
 Annual Westminster Seminar hosted by CPA United Kingdom at the British Houses of Parliament, 2019. Parmar presented as part of a session on "Pressures on Parliamentarians".
 As a member of the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians, Parmar as the Chairperson of a Select Committee hosted a delegation of women Members of Parliament of the Republic of Fiji for a workshop.

In response to comments by New Zealand First MP Shane Jones in which he stated that immigrants that criticised immigration policies should 'catch the first plane home', Parmar sent a letter to Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern expressing her concerns. On the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth, Parmar ran a petition for his statute to be installed in Auckland to acknowledge his legacy.  At the time of launching her petition, she said "that a statue of Mahatma Gandhi is not just about India and New Zealand, and/or Indians in New Zealand, it is about honouring his legacy – the legacy that is ever lasting and is influencing civilised societies all around the world."

As shadow minister for Research, Science and Innovation, Parmar advocated for more certainty of funding for fire research in light of Port Hills and Nelson fires and financial security for Crown Research Institutes. Parmar also successfully advocated for scientific start-up companies not making any revenue to qualify for the wage-subsidy scheme that the Government had announced to help businesses during COVID-19 pandemic, as the criteria were such that start-up scientific sector didn't initially qualify. Furthermore, she advocated for funding to be awarded to the local scientific sector to invest in researching a COVID-19 vaccine.

Parmar stood against changes at the Massey University’s Albany campus that would result in a loss of scientific jobs and opportunity for local students to study science degree at the Albany campus.

Parmar has advocated for change to legislation that governs biotechnology and genetic modification in New Zealand. She believes that biotech is one of the strongest tools that can help New Zealand reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, and that New Zealand must change its legislation if it is serious about its climate change aspirations.

During the 2020 general election, Parmar again contested the Mount Roskill electorate and due to a significant swing towards the Labour Party was not able to return as a list MP.

2023 election and switch to ACT
On 31 May 2023, Parmar announced her return to politics, switching her party affiliation from National to ACT. That same day, she was confirmed as the ACT candidate for Pakuranga. In July, ACT placed her ninth on its party list.

Personal life
While still living in India, Parmar's family arranged for her to marry Ravinder Parmar, who was a New Zealand citizen.

References

External links
Profile at National party
Profile on Parliamentary website

1970 births
Living people
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Women members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand list MPs
ACT New Zealand politicians
21st-century New Zealand politicians
21st-century New Zealand women politicians
Savitribai Phule Pune University alumni
Indian emigrants to New Zealand
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2023 New Zealand general election
Politicians of Indian descent
University of Auckland alumni
Foreign-born New Zealand politicians