title: Kington Loo

text:
Kington Loo (17 October 1930 – 21 March 2003) was an architect in Malaysia who belongs to the group who brought modernism to Southeast Asia in the wake of World War II. The firm he worked for, Booty and Edwards, became a leader in the region. His mother, Lok Soh June, was an accomplished piano player and was the sixth daughter of millionaire businessman Loke Chow Kit; his father, the engineer Yuson Loo, was the grandson of prominent businessman Loke Yew. He was married and had a daughter, Ysa Loo.

Early life

Kington Loo lived in various parts of South East Asia before he settled professionally in Malaya. He was educated in Batu Road School in Kuala Lumpur. Before he reached 13, like many in the area, his life was disrupted by the Japanese invasion. The family relocated to a rubber estate in Ulu Langat, Selangor. Later, they moved to Singapore thinking, erroneously, that it would avoid Japanese occupation. When Singapore was threatened, the family moved again, to India, leaving Yuson Loo behind as all non-disabled men were not allowed to leave. After that, the incomplete family decided to walk across the Himalayas to start a new life in China. However, the Japanese invasion of Burma unsettled the entire region, and the Loos remained in India. Loo continued his studies, and he learned Hindi and Urdu. His father rejoined the family while working as an engineer in the US Army. Kington Loo went to St Columbas High School until Junior Cambridge when the family moved to Delhi, during the great famine of 1945.

At war's the end, the family returned to Kuala Lumpur where Kington Loo started his Form Four at the Victorian Institution. In 1947, Loo finished his studies and joined the Government Commercial Day School where they learned typing, shorthand and book-keeping. His parents could not send him overseas for further studies, so Loo spent a year and a half in a civil engineering course at Technology College; Malaya had no architecture courses at the time. Loo's great-grandmother, Loke Yew, decided to finance his studies and he went to Australia to study architecture at the University of Melbourne. He excelled as a student and won the internal competition to design the Dean of Architecture's holiday house. The university now confers the Kington Loo Prize award to the best design student.

Early career

Loo graduated in 1953, returned to Kuala Lumpur and joined the firm of Booty, Edwards & Partners (BEP), initially as a graduated architect and later as a full-fledged architect. He eventually became one of the partners in the firm. His architectural designs (together with the other BEP partner C.H.R Bailey) include the Dewan Tunku Canselor at the Universiti Malaya and the Subang International Airport. He also designed the first high-rise office building in Kuala Lumpur, the 13-storey Police Cooperative Building at Jalan Sulaiman.
There are several of the firm's projects for which his involvement was singled out.

Rex Cinema
The Rex Cinema, located in Kuala Lumpur's Jalan Sultan, was classicised art deco. The building burned down in the early 1970s and the renovation, done in 1976, seated 1100 with a single screen. The Rex became the first cinema in Malaysia to have a DTS sound system in 1993 in conjunction with the opening of Jurassic Park. The theatre was later converted into the Hotel Red Dragon, yet its history as one of Malaysia most important cinemas is still widely known.

Commonwealth Society Building

A branch of the Commonwealth Society was formed in 1961, supported by Y.T.M Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Malaysia's prime minister. Loo designed the building at no cost. The Commonwealth building was known for its unique Minangkabau style roof. The first phase of the building consisted of an entrance area and large lounge, a library-cum-committee room, and office on the ground floor. The first floor consists of a large lecture hall which accommodated around 400 people which is led by a broad staircase. The building's public rooms offered indoor activities such as darts, table tennis and billiards, and the entertainment programme also included films.

Subang International Airport

Work on the Subang International Airport started in 1961 and finished in 1965 at a cost of $64 million. Its deceptively simple design consisted of a roof composed of floating concrete shells that was held aloft by mushroom-shaped columns. Loo's business partner (in the BEP practice) and friend C.H.R Bailey designed the airport one of many collaborations that the two architects undertook in the 1950s and 1960s. The open structure also featured a massive circular ramp, reminiscent of Berthold Lubetkin's penguin pavilion in London. Most of the structure was removed during a major reconstruction in 1983.

University Malaya's Experimental Theater

The modern campus of the University Malaya included many significant structures, including the bulky Dewan Tunku Canselor Building. This building in turn included the experimental theatre. It was first open for its convocation ceremony in 1966, and Kington Loo is considered as the hand behind its design. The building's mark has always been its age and its ability to endure while adapting to changing times. The Dewan Tunku Canselor is an example for the brutalist architecture of the 1950s and 1960s, due to its bare concrete structure, use of egg-crate reinforced concrete and béton brut imprints on the poured concrete, which covers the entire building. The use of high grade reinforced concrete for the superstructure also means that the building is structurally very hardy. It caught fire on 29 June 2001 and the experimental theatre was not in use for a decade until the completion of a recent renovation. Although it was badly damaged by the fire, the building still maintained its main structure. The Theater was named a National Heritage site in 2009.

The experimental theatre had consisted of a classical theatrical plan with an arena stage and a proscenium stage. The theatre's trademark was a motorised arena stage, which at that time was the only one in Malaysia. The University of Malaya was the centre of an arts scene in the early seventies. The Experimental Theatre was once known as the premier avant garde venue for modern theatre including stagings of Naga Naga and The Crucible.

Private residences

In 1958, Loo designed his own bungalow house, known as Kington Loo’s house. The house was located on Girdle Road, Kenny Hill, and some described it as resembling “a startled tropical bird”. The structure was made of timber and brickwork masonry, and sported a pitched roof which harkened back to Malaya’s pre-war colonial traditions. Yet the house’s unusual geometry and its ‘V’-shaped columns placed it firmly within the modernist tradition.
In 1961, Loo together with C.H.R Bailey designed another ‘bungalow’, the Brunei house, the Sultan of Brunei gave the commission to Booty, Edwards and Partners with the stipulation that it be finished within fifty-five days. It cost $600,000 and it was awarded the RIBA Bronze medal. More of a “istana” that a bungalow, the mansion was able to breathe with its system of natural ventilation, that included metal grillwork, glass louvres, along with shading hoods, canopies and overhangs, and both vertical and horizontal fins. The Borneo house has a perfectly square floor plan with spacious verandahs on all sides.

Dayabumi complex

The Dayabumi Complex, also known as Menara Dayabumi, was a 35-storey building located on Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was completed in February 1984, and houses several commercial facilities. Although it was one of the earliest skyscrapers in Malaysia, it still remains as a famous landmark due to its architecture. It was designed by BEP (Kington Loo) as well as Akitek MAA, and owned by Urban Development authority of Malaysia (UDA).
It represents a significant shift to the firm’s design direction away from high modernism. The complex was built to resemble the decorative programs of a mosque, thus it displays features of several Eastern and Middle Eastern Islamic traditions, along with some Saracenic pointed arches, shiny white fretwork, as well as eight-pointed geometric stars.

Professional practice

In addition to his activity as a designing architect, Loo was also active as an advocate for the profession of architecture he became the chairman of the Malaysia Institute of Architect Advisory Committee. He was an active man and he became president of the Selangor Club. He was a chairman of Bukit Bintang MCA.

In 1962, Loo was elected as the first local (non-British) president of the Federation of Malaya Society of Architects (FMSA) and he served as president until 1973. Loo sought to improve the practice of architecture with his service to numerous organisations. He was involved with many committees of the organisation that succeeded FMSA, the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and also the Board of Architects Malaysia (BAM).
In 1998, he was the first person to win PAM's inaugural Gold Medal, the highest honour the professional organisation has on offer. Furthermore, he assisted BAM in the revision of the Code of Professional Conduct and the Architect’s Rules.

Loo donated his time and services to other causes as well. He displayed a strong commitment to the natural environment as he complained about the development of Kuala Lumpur that caused  pollution in drains and river when he became the president of the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM). He was the chairman of the Malaysian Zoological Society, as well as the founding trustee of the World Wide Fund for Nature Malaysia (WWFM). During his time at Booty, Edwards & Partners, the firm contributed $20,000 to the Malayan Zoology Society. Additionally, he was passionate about the arts and served as chairman of the Malaysian Arts Council and he was on the working committee for the National Art Gallery.

References

Malaysian architects
1930 births
2003 deaths
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
University of Melbourne alumni


title: Ayas (film)

text:
Ayas is a 2013 Turkish animated film produced by Düşyeri Animation Studios.  The film went on nationwide general release on November 22, 2013.

Plot
The six-year-old Ayas comes from a huge family. Istanbul is his hometown, which he explores together with his sister and all his cousins. He is a curious, smart, cheerful little boy that never seems to get bored.

References

External links
 Teaser on YouTube

Turkish animated films


title: Won-ho

text:
Won-ho is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 35 hanja with the reading "won" and 49 hanja with the reading "ho" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names.

People with this name include:
Li Won-ho (born 1972), North Korean short track speed skater
Shin Won-ho (director) (born 1975), South Korean television producer and director
Wonny Song (Korean name Song Won-ho; born 1978), South Korean-born Canadian pianist
Wonho Chung (born 1980), South Korean comedian
Shin Won-ho (born 1991), South Korean actor
Wonho (singer) (born Lee Ho-seok, 1993), South Korean solo singer, producer, ex-member of Monsta X
Kim Won-ho (born 1999), South Korean badminton player
Park Won-ho, executive chairman of DI Corporation, father of PSY

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Jesse Burton Harrison

text:
Jesse Burton Harrison (1805–1841) was an American anti-slavery lawyer and author.

Biography
Jesse Burton Harrison was born in 1805 in Lynchburg, Virginia. His father, Samuel Jordan Harrison (1771–1846), was a well-to-do tobacco merchant, friend of Thomas Jefferson, who had helped to build the University of Virginia. "As a young man he was a habitué at Monticello. James Madison was his patron." Jesse was educated at Hampden–Sydney College and later at the Harvard Law School, where he was influenced by George Ticknor. He practiced law in Lynchburg. Failing to obtain an appointment as professor at the University of Virginia, in 1828 he traveled to Europe with a letter of introduction from Secretary of State Martin Van Buren. He met Lafayette, Talleyrand, Benjamin Constant, Schlegel, and Goethe, and spent a year studying at the University of Göttingen. He later moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he helped to found the Louisiana Historical Society,  and edited the Louisiana Law Reports and the Whig newspaper Louisiana Advertiser.

Writings
Harrison delivered a series of literary addresses and then, in the late 1820s, began publicly supporting anti-slavery thought. He published an appeal on behalf of the American Colonization Society in 1827. Most importantly, he wrote a response to Thomas Roderick Dew's pro-slavery essay, Review of the Debates in the Virginia Legislature, 1831-2.

Death and legacy
Harrison died of yellow fever in 1841 in New Orleans.

He was the father of Burton Harrison, a Confederate official and lawyer, and the grandfather of Fairfax Harrison and Francis Burton Harrison. His wife was the former Frances Anne Brand (†1884).

Writing of Harrison

References

1805 births
1841 deaths
Writers from Lynchburg, Virginia
Harvard Law School alumni
Hampden–Sydney College alumni
American abolitionists
19th-century American lawyers
Virginia lawyers
Lawyers from New Orleans
University of Göttingen alumni
19th-century American newspaper editors
Editors of Louisiana newspapers


title: Masters W45 pole vault world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the pole vault W45 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics Pole Vault list

Masters athletics world record progressions
Pole vault


title: Persian shearwater

text:
The Persian shearwater (Puffinus persicus) is a seabird in the family Procellariidae formerly lumped in with Audubon's shearwater (Puffinus lherminieri).

Subspecies
There are two listed subspecies of the Persian shearwater:

 P. p. persicus – (Hume, 1872): breeds in the Khuriya Muriya Islands, (Oman) & Socotra.
 P. p. temptator – (Louette & Herremans, 1985): breeds in the Comoros.

Range

After breeding, the northern subspecies ranges from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Somali coast across the south of the Arabian Peninsula to the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan and western India. The southern subspecies stays in the area around the Comoros and the Tanzanian and northern Mozambican coast.

Population
The nominate subspecies is thought to number in the thousands of pairs on the Khuriya Muriya Islands off Oman and Socotra, Yemen, while P. p. temptator has been estimated to number fewer than 500 pairs on Moheli Island in the Comoros (reviewed by Brooke 2004). It is thought likely that more breeding colonies lie undiscovered elsewhere in the northern Indian Ocean (Onley and Scofield 2007), thus the total population probably includes more than 10,000 mature individuals. The population trend is believed to be downwards.

References

Persian shearwater
Birds of the Middle East
Birds of the Comoros
Persian shearwater


title: Leuconostoc citreum

text:
Leuconostoc citreum is a vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 1837. Its genome has been sequenced.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Leuconostoc citreum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Lactobacillaceae
Bacteria described in 1989


title: Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides

text:
Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides is an intrinsically vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 768.

References

Further reading

Cappelli, Elisabete A., et al. "Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides as a cause of nosocomial urinary tract infections." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37.12 (1999): 4124–4126.

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Lactobacillaceae
Bacteria described in 1989


title: Desulfonatronum thiodismutans

text:
Desulfonatronum thiodismutans is an alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium capable of lithoautotrophic growth. It is Gram-negative, vibrio-shaped, with cells 0.6–0.7×1.2–2.7 μm in size, motile by a single polar flagellum. Its type strain is MLF1T (=ATCC BAA-395T =DSM 14708T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Desulfonatronum thiodismutans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacteria described in 2003

Desulfovibrionales


title: Masters W50 pole vault world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the pole vault W50 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics Pole Vault list

Masters athletics world record progressions
Pole vault


title: Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum

text:
Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is able to grow lithotrophically by dismutation of thiosulfate and sulfite.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Genbank entry for its dissimilatory sulfite reductase alpha subunit (dsrA) and dissimilatory sulfite reductase beta subunit (dsrB) genes
Type strain of Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacteria described in 2011
Desulfovibrionales


title: Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum

text:
Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is able to grow lithotrophically by dismutation of thiosulfate and sulfite.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacteria described in 2011
Desulfovibrionales


title: Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans

text:
Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is able to grow lithotrophically by dismutation of thiosulfate and sulfite.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacteria described in 2011

Desulfovibrionales


title: Marinobacter bryozoorum

text:
Marinobacter bryozoorum is a marine, Gram-negative, aerobic and halophilic bacteria with type strain KMM 3840T (=50-11T =DSM 15401T).

References

Further reading
Decolorization and Biodegradation of Acid Yellow-25 by Marinobacter bryozoorum AY-17, R.S. and Prakash Thorat Shertate 2013, Bionano Frontier, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 40–44.

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Marinobacter bryozoorum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Alteromonadales
Bacteria described in 2005
Halophiles


title: Marinobacter sediminum

text:
Marinobacter sediminum is a marine, Gram-negative, aerobic and halophilic bacteria with type strain KMM 3657T (=R65T =DSM 15400T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Marinobacter sediminum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Alteromonadales
Bacteria described in 2005
Halophiles


title: Milton House (Melbourne)

text:
Milton House is a historic building in Melbourne, Australia.

Location
The building is located at 21–25 on Flinders Lane.

History
It was built in 1901 and designed in the Art Nouveau style by architects Sydney Smith & Ogg. They also worked with architect Robert Joseph Haddon (1866–1929), who suggested the use of red bricks.

As it says on the historical marker, the building was originally used "as a private hospital," particularly to fight tuberculosis.

It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Melbourne City Centre
Houses completed in 1901
Heritage-listed buildings in Melbourne
Hospitals established in 1901
1901 establishments in Australia
Art Nouveau architecture in Melbourne


title: Sphingobium japonicum

text:
Sphingobium japonicum is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6362T (=CCM 7287T). Its genome has been sequenced.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Sphingobium japonicum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Sphingomonadales
Bacteria described in 2005


title: Masters W55 pole vault world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the pole vault W55 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics Pole Vault list

Masters athletics world record progressions
Pole


title: Sphingobium indicum

text:
Sphingobium indicum is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6364T (=CCM 7286T). Its genome has been sequenced.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Sphingobium indicum at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Sphingomonadales


title: Sphingobium francense

text:
Sphingobium francense is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6363T (=CCM 7288T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Sphingobium francense at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Sphingomonadales


title: Saccharibacter floricola

text:
Saccharibacter floricola is an osmophilic acetic acid bacterium first isolated from pollen. It is Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped, with type strain S-877T (=AJ 13480T =JCM 12116T =DSM 15669T). It is the type species of its genus.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Saccharibacter floricola at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Rhodospirillales
Bacteria described in 2004


title: Jefferson Davis Hospital

text:
Jefferson Davis Hospital operated from 1924 to 1989 and was the first centralized municipal hospital to treat indigent patients in Houston, Texas. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The building, located in Houston's Historic First Ward, was designated as a protected historic landmark on November 13, 2013, by the Houston City Council and is monitored by the Historic Preservation Office of the City of Houston Department of Planning and Development. The property has been reoccupied by ArtSpace as the Elder Street Artists Lofts since 2005, which provides 24 live/work units for local artists to rent.

The location of the former hospital has gained notoriety as a stigmatized property due to public perception of its haunted origins.

Prior to the construction of the hospital building, the lot was used as the former municipal cemetery and burial grounds for the City of Houston where thousands of Confederate States Army soldiers, former slaves, and city officials were laid to rest. The municipal cemetery operated on the lot from 1840 until the mid-1890s when it fell into decay, resulting in the reclassification of the lot for use as a municipal hospital by the Houston City Council in the 1920s.

Architectural style

Designed by Wilkes Alfred Dowdy, Architect for the City of Houston, the building for Jefferson Davis Hospital was constructed as a 4-story red brick Classical-revival style structure with handsomely detailed façade that included stone veneers and rows of double-hung windows. The design was considered quite modern at the time of its construction and represented the architectural elements that were favored in the early 1900s for hospital design.

Exterior design

The cast stone detailing, portico, and brick corner quoins, are elements of the Classical Revival style that was popular in the early 20th century. The building entrance is a square portico that is framed by four monumental Ionic fluted capital and pilaster columns. The front façade features several square rock stone walls that are believed to have been either gravestones salvaged from the original cemetery or flower beds, although neither use has been confirmed. Other neo-classical elements included keystones over the basement windows and keystones over the pedimented entry doors at the basement level.

The architect leveraged high ceilings and rows of numerous large windows to harness sunlight and increase ventilation, thus avoiding the cost of more expensive decorative adornments.  The raised placement of the building atop an above-ground basement, paired with the buildings location on a high ridge, enhanced the flow of cross-through breezes.  The tall stature of the building emphasized ventilation, which was considered as a method of combating airborne illnesses and increase the spirits of the critically ill and dying who inhabited the facilities.  The second and third floors of the building featured two screened balconies to allow patients an opportunity to enjoy fresh-air without having to leave the hospital premises.

Interior design

In contrast to the lavish exterior, the interior features of the building were simple and unadorned, which appropriately reflected its establishment as a charity hospital for the indigent. Terrazo flooring was featured in the original construction and was included in later restorative efforts. A children's rooftop garden and playground  also enhanced the traversable function of the building without increasing its overall size.

In 2005, W.O. Neohaus and Associates in collaboration with Development Partner Avenue Community Development Corporation, underwent a $6.3 million renovation project sponsored by Artspace to restore the building. The original architectural features have been preserved, which included the terrazzi floors, the high ceilings and the large window openings. The project added a partial "green" roof, making it the first Artspace project to feature this environmentally sustainable amenity.

Occupancy and tenants

Pre-construction era (1840–1924)

Prior to its construction, the property was first used as a municipal cemetery beginning in the 1840s to replace Old City Cemetery, one of the oldest sites in Houston, which was active until the 1880s (a.k.a., Old Houston City Cemetery). Over the next few decades, thousands of people were buried on the site and it became the final resting place for over 6,000 Confederate soldiers, former slaves, and city officials. Also included among the graves were thousands of victims of the yellow fever and cholera epidemics. Use of the location as a cemetery by the city discontinued in 1879, although family burials continued into the 1890s. By the early 1900s, the cemetery was in a gross state of deterioration due to a lack of maintenance, causing the city to reconsider use of the location for public health services.

Operating years of Jefferson Davis Hospital (1924–1938)

In the early 1920s, the Houston City Council began planning the construction of Jefferson Davis Hospital. Controversy erupted over the proposal that the hospital would disturb the graves of those resting in the former municipal cemetery. When construction began in 1924, the basement of the building was placed above ground in the effort to dispel the public controversy and to leave the graves undisturbed. Although many graves were relocated, later discoveries revealed that there had been no widespread removal of remains.

The hospital was named for Jefferson Davis, former president of the Confederacy, in honor of the Confederate soldiers who had been buried in the cemetery and as a means to console the families of the deceased.

Construction was completed in 1924 and the hospital opened its doors to patients in 1925 under the joint operation of the City of Houston and Harris County. However, use of the building as a municipal medical facility was short-lived, lasting only 13 years.  By the late 1930s, the rapid metropolitan growth of the Houston area rendered the building inadequate to support the healthcare needs of indigent population.

On January 1, 1938, the cities primary municipal medical services relocated to the area now known as the Texas Medical Center in what was to become Ben Taub General Hospital. The hospital officially closed its doors in 1939.

Mixed use (1938–1989)
Secondary city-operated medical services were offered in the building until 1939 when the remaining clinical facilities relocated to Buffalo Drive (now known as Allen Parkway) in a facility called Jefferson Davis, which later become a community clinic and psychiatric treatment center. The similarity between the two facilities, Jefferson Davis Hospital and Jefferson Davis on Allen Parkway, has been the source of confusion for many commentators, resulting in false rumors that Jefferson Davis Hospital was once a mental asylum.

During the period following the closing of Jefferson Davis Hospital, the building underwent numerous tenancy transfers. Initial propositions included using the facility as a contagious disease center. The building was first retained by the Harris County Hospital District as a medical records storage facility. Later tenants included a probation office, a convalescent home, a venereal disease clinic,  a home for juvenile delinquents, a food stamp distribution site, a drug treatment center and a storage facility for the county from the 1960s to the 1980s until its abandonment.

The probation office also inhabited a building next to the site that is also rumored to be haunted, due to its sharing of the same cemetery as the hospital building, the morgue of the former Jefferson Davis Hospital, and because it is bordered by the black earth graves, which are theorized to have been left by an English colony dating back to the 1600s. Reports of paranormal activity in the probation building have included: noises in the attic, a woman spotted in the upper stories that is believed to have been used as a dormitory for the nurses who worked at Jefferson Davis Hospital, and figures entering the ladies' restroom never to be seen again, and police dogs which refused to enter the building when a fire alarm was triggered.

Abandonment and vacancy (1989–2003)

During the two decade period from 1989 to 2005 > (2008) the building stood vacant and fell into a gradual state of disrepair . The Houston Press remarked on the state of the buildings decay in a 2001 article:

Half the windows in the four-story building are boarded up. The rest are wide open to the weather, which, along with a generation or two of vandals and squatters, has wreaked havoc on the inside. Plaster curls off the walls. The dirt-encrusted floors are covered with glass slides stained with indistinguishable bodily fluids. Each room has become the repository for a different type of junk: old gurneys, office furniture, surgical scrubs. A nurse's station is piled waist-high with filthy mattresses. A restroom floor is lined, wall to wall, with bags of plastic cups and lids. Weeds grow out of every crack. Trees have somehow taken root in the concrete sills of blown-out windows."

Senator John Cornyn's office described the building as, "a magnet for gangs and the homeless, as well as an attractive nuisance for youths." Due to its reputation for paranormal activity, the building had garnered tradition among the local population as a landmark that offered could be broken into on Halloween night for no-cost thrills.

In 1995, the site of the former Jefferson Davis Hospital was listed as a State Archaeological Landmark because of the lot's prior use as a major municipal cemetery.

Historical declaration and rehabilitation (2002 to present)
In March 2002, the City of Houston Archeological and Historical Commission (HAHC) approved the notion of declaring the building a city landmark.

On June 20, 2002,  the Harris County Commissioners approved the sale of Jefferson Davis Hospital to Avenue Community Development Corporation (popularly known as Avenue CDC) and ArtSpace Projects Inc. of Minneapolis, which pledged to rehabilitate the dilapidated property. The building was in a severe state of dilapidation due to its prolonged period of vacancy.

31 July 2003: A group of college students looking for ghosts was robbed on the premises. KTRK Television reports that the robbers fired gunshots at them, but no one was hurt.

Efforts towards rehabilitation began in 2003, resulting in what was to become a substantial $6.3 million renovation project. The project would convert the former hospital quarters into a combined total of 34 artist lofts and residential housing units occupying a total space of 39,000 square feet, now designated as the Elder Street Artist Lofts. Funding for the project was provided in part by the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas, the Texas Department of Housing and Community Development and Avenue Community Development Corporation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency also granted $200,000 for environmental clean-up that included asbestos abatement, lead abatement, and the removal of an underground storage tank. Construction planning commenced in 2003 and work began on September 23, 2004.

Due to the site's designation as a historical landmark and building, the U.S. Department of the Interior carefully monitored the rehabilitation through the Texas Historical Commission. The overall footprint of the interior space was to be preserved and a historically accurate restoration helped to restore the plaster walls, the interior window frames that were designed with curved-corners,  and the modillion blocks at the buildings eaves. The concrete ceilings were left exposed and are crisscrossed with a modern intricate weaving of utility conduits, which avoided the need to modify the interior walls. Exterior preservation was also monitored to ensure historical accuracy. An archaeological survey of the property was required to precede construction to be sure that existing graves were not disturbed since the site was a designated State Archaeological Landmark. Many of the exterior bricks had to be replaced and the walls repointed. The roof where the children's garden and playground once sat was replicated with asphalt of a similar color to the original tile that had fallen into severe disrepair.

Restoration was completed on the former Jefferson Davis Hospital building in 2005, although an unrestored building remained on the East side of the property. In 2013, the remaining unrestored portion of the historic Jefferson Davis Hospital Building was destroyed in a two-alarm fire that resulted in one casualty by a Houston firefighter struck by a falling piece of burning tile.

The two floor nurse's quarters, built in the mid-1920s, were designed by W.A. Dowdy, an architect working for the city government. A January 2017 storm damaged the building's roof. Due to the damage it ultimately did not receive historic status, and the county proposed demolition that year.

Artist lofts
Following its completion the building was renamed the Elder Street Artists Lofts. The 34 residential/studio units were originally intended for only artists' occupancy, but was later opened to the community-at-large. Residents of the City of Houston applauded the rehabilitation, resulting in its recognition as the Best Renovation in the 2006 Best of Houston® issue published by the Houston Press. HGTV presented the developers with a "Restore America award".

The lofts are within the Houston Independent School District (HISD), and the zoned schools are Crockett Elementary School in the Sixth Ward, Hogg Middle School in Woodland Heights, and Heights High School (formerly Reagan High School) in the Houston Heights.

Popular culture

Film

The former Jefferson Davis Hospital building was featured in the Hollywood production of RoboCop 2 as the location where the fictitious drug "nuke" was manufactured.

See also
 Six wards of Houston

References

External links

 Elder Street Artist Lofts  - Artspace

History of Houston
Hospitals in Houston
National Register of Historic Places in Houston
1924 establishments in Texas
Hospital buildings completed in 1924
Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
Municipal hospitals
Historically black hospitals in the United States
Joseph Finger buildings
Reportedly haunted locations in Texas
Abandoned hospitals in the United States


title: The Real Quiet Storm

text:
The Real Quiet Storm is the third studio album by saxophonist  James Carter, the first to be released on the Atlantic label. It was recorded in October & November of 1994 and released on March 10, 1995.

Reception

The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "Despite this CD's title and a slight emphasis on ballads, The Real Quiet Storm is not an easy listening record... The results are a bit restrained compared to his live performances, but this is an enjoyable and unpredictable outing, music that will not be played on the Quiet Storm". Critic Robert Christgau rated the album an "A", saying, "This romantic set has some concept. Two unfazed Carter originals complement a surprising selection of make-out music by Monk, Ellington, Sun Ra, Bill Doggett, Carter's main man Don Byas. Not only is it more unified, it's more pop, which intensifies the aesthetic charge".

Track listing
 "'Round Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) - 6:04
 "You Never Told Me That You Care" (Hobart Dotson, Sun Ra) - 6:38
 "The Intimacy of My Woman's Beautiful Eyes" (James Carter) - 8:46
 "1944 Stomp" (Don Byas) - 4:53
 "The Stevedore's Serenade" (Duke Ellington, Irving Gordon) - 9:02
 "Born to Be Blue" (Mel Tormé, Robert Wells) - 7:45
 "Deep Throat Blues" (Carter) - 6:05
 "A Ballad for a Doll" (Jackie McLean) - 5:05
 "Eventide" (Bill Doggett) - 4:08

Personnel
James Carter - tenor saxophone, alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, soprano saxophone, bass flute, bass clarinet
Craig Taborn - piano (tracks 1-8)
Dave Holland (tracks 2, 3, 7 & 8), Jaribu Shahid (tracks 4-6 & 9) - bass
Leon Parker (tracks 2, 3 & 7), Tani Tabbal (tracks 4-6) - drums

References

1995 albums
James Carter (musician) albums
Atlantic Records albums


title: Saccharomyces arboricolus

text:
Saccharomyces arboricolus is a species of ascomycetous yeast in first isolated from tree bark. Its type strain is H-6T (=AS 2.3317T =CBS 10644T).

References

Further reading

External links

arboricolus
Fungi described in 2000


title: Tristan Meinecke

text:
Tristan Meinecke (1916–2004) was an American artist, architect and musician who spent most of his life and career in Chicago. He was married to television and radio actress Angel Casey. His widely varied body of work explored abstract expressionism, cubism and Surrealism, and included the invention of the split-level painting technique. In collaboration with architect Robert Bruce Tague, Meinecke built and rehabilitated many properties in and around Lincoln Park, Chicago.

Life and education

Born in Atchison, Kansas in 1916, Meinecke's family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when he was seven years old. Both parents were classical musicians. His father, Bruno Meinecke, was an accomplished scholar and a classics professor at the University of Michigan, "'but not,' Meinecke says, 'a good parent'". In the midst of a tense home life, Tristan nonetheless showed talent in both visual art and music. After attending the University of Michigan for four years, when he was just a few credit hours short of earning a bachelor's degree, he relocated to Chicago in 1942. There, Tristan Meinecke met and wooed Lorraine Johnson, better known as television and radio actress  Angel Casey. They were wed in 1947, had two sons, eight grandchildren and remained married for the rest of their lives.

Career
Meinecke's endeavors were numerous, and included poems and essays and at least one short story.
However, the majority of his creative efforts fell into three categories: visual arts (including painting and sculpture), architecture and music.

Visual arts
As a toddler, Meinecke would patiently await the arrival of the weekly coal delivery cart in order to sketch it.

While still at the University of Michigan,several of Meinecke's watercolors caught the eye of then-Art Institute director Daniel Catton Rich, and one was included in the Art Institute of Chicago's Twenty-First International Exhibition of Watercolors in 1942. He was one of four University of Michigan students selected by Professor Jean Paul Slusser to complete a mural in what is now the Jean-Paul Slusser art gallery, depicting the four seasons.

By 1955, Meinecke had already abandoned the watercolor medium and developed his own abstract style: a creative use of mixed media and intentional exploration beyond the boundaries of conventional composition, which Fred Sweet, then-curator of American painting at the Art Institute, praised as "very strong and powerful and dynamic". That year, one of his mixed-media compositions was included in the Art Institute's Chicago and Vicinity Show., which brought him further into the public eye. He returned to the Chicago and Vicinity show the following year. John Corbett (writer) would later describe the split-level form as follows: One of the innovative aspects of the split-level is it had a solution to a basic problem, which had to do with how you create a sense of depth in a painting without resorting to conventional perspective techniques. How could you have a painting that felt like there was a sense of dimension at least in a cubist way? Split-level introduces literal dimensionality to paintings ... They have a real sense of depth; you can look through it.

In 1957, Meinecke's split-level work "Heterogeneous Icon" achieved notoriety in the Art Institute's 'No-Jury' exhibition at Navy Pier: an article in The New Republic described it as "the only painting in the show that pushes back the frontiers of art". In an interview for a local newspaper, the artist explained that the construction "symbolizes much that is primitive and much that is sophisticated about man and his development." After that, he was invited to the 1958 No-Jury Exhibition and another Chicago and Vicinity show in 1959. He continued to exhibit in Chicago, including with the Renaissance Society, as well as in Michigan.

In 1975, a chance encounter with Meinecke's son brought Chicago Surrealists Penelope and Franklin Rosemont into the artist's studio. This serendipitous meeting resulted in a lifelong friendship, and incidentally Meinecke's inclusion in the Chicago Surrealist Group's 1976 exhibition, entitled "Marvelous Freedom - Vigilance of Desire".

Meinecke continued to paint until 2000, when carpal tunnel syndrome forced him to put down his brush. "Heterogeneous Icons", his last show while still living, was co-curated by John Corbett (writer) and experimental musician Hal Rammel, and held at the Art Institute's 1926 gallery in 2003.

Exhibitions curated by his sons in 2014, a decade after his death, offered many works which had never previously been made available to the public.

Architecture
In the early 60s, Meinecke turned an interest in architectural design into more practical study at the suggestion of his wife, and began to design buildings. Since he was entirely self-taught, Meinecke needed a licensed architect to sign off on the plans he created, and an acquaintance got him in touch with former Keck associate Robert Bruce Tague.

For about a decade, from the late 60s through the late 70s, under the name Meinecke Studio, they designed and built condominiums, individual homes and commercial structures comprising "hundreds of units" in contemporary styles.

Music
Meinecke developed an interest in jazz at the age of 12, which led him to start collecting records. When his father gave him a clarinet as a gift at the age of 19, he took a few lessons to learn basic fingerings, then immediately began to play by ear and to improvise. Between 1932 and 1943 he home-recorded a series of acetates with a "slinky sound and bottomless trove of melodic ideas". Later, after moving to Chicago, Meinecke would study composition under American Five composer John J. Becker. Of one of Meinecke's works, Dr. Becker said it was "exceedingly good, and likewise exceedingly difficult to perform, and that might be his greatest stumbling block - the difficulty to perform". He also played professionally around Chicago during the 40s.

Artistic philosophy

According to John Corbett (writer), "People who knew him expected him to become a star. He didn't, because he had to take a job, and because of his own cantankerous personality, and because of his own restlessness, which meant that he didn't make the same kind of work over and over again--whereas [gallery owners] wanted him to keep painting one way". Meinecke's work elicited mixed reactions from both critics and the public. He was praised as "an ardent experimenter with new materials, stretching the painting medium to extra dimensions". One of his larger split-level works, Prophecy was described as a "crowd-stopper." A beat reporter who attended the 1957 No-Jury show singled out one of his constructions as "imposing" but went on to say "It is almost all black. He was born in 1916, and should know better".

Whether the constriction of authority manifested as an academic system of rules for how to create, or as a social system of patronage and approval for determining which works of art were deemed valuable, Meinecke engaged in "a conscious rebellion" and chose to reject such systems:
"Above all I wanted to do away with 'good composition.' I aimed at breaking down form. I changed the shape of the work and quit relying on frames. I aspired to total hysteria...
Above all I stayed away from the 'Art World.' It was too narrow, too phony. I rarely went to exhibit openings. I insulted everybody: gallery owners, museum curators, would-be buyers of my own work." ~Tristan Meinecke, 1981

From a creative standpoint he preferred music to painting, saying that "music is a better art". However, he chose painting in part because it was more individualistic: "you need a hundred men or at least four to play your music. In painting you don't have that problem".

Though he did not self-identify as a Surrealist, in part because the movement was political as well as artistic, he had great respect for it, saying Surrealism had "a profoundly democratic tendency". In turn, the very iconoclastic attitude which alienated him from others endeared him to them:
"Meinecke's basic equipment as an artist has included large quantities of refusal--refusal to obey idiotic rules, or to submit to senile traditions, or to follow commercial fashions. An irreconcilable enemy of banality, he has always steered clear of the cultural/political 'middle of the road'" ~ Franklin Rosemont, 2003

However, in musician Hal Rammel's estimation, Meinecke's desire to eschew politics does not mean his work cannot be interpreted politically:
Rammel, an artist who was a Chicago surrealist, makes the case that Meinecke's art is political just the same. "The heart of the surrealist act is directed toward freeing yourself, freeing your mind, to open up toward other realities," he says. "In those other realms there are answers to the problems of our lives and living together. The political conflict is not just against exterior tyranny but also against our interior tyrannies."

But he was not an "enemy of banality" simply because it was banal. Instead, he had a very specific vision of the direction in which American culture was headed:
"you will all go screaming and howling and spinning into the horrible eternity of continuous entertainment, madly grasping at dizzily whirling three-foot red letters which still spell security and truth to your frenzied flock." ~Tristan Meinecke, 1946

Throughout Meinecke's life, he never deviated from this philosophy of artistic rebellion.

Notes

External links
Official Tristan Meinecke website

American abstract artists
Artists from Chicago
1916 births
2004 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
Artists from Ann Arbor, Michigan


title: Pseudonocardia benzenivorans

text:
Pseudonocardia benzenivorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, with type strain B5T(=DSM 44703T =CIP 107928T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Pseudonocardia benzenivorans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Pseudonocardia
Bacteria described in 2004


title: Enterococcus haemoperoxidus

text:
Enterococcus haemoperoxidus is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4851T (= LMG 19487T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Enterococcus haemoperoxidus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

haemoperoxidus
Bacteria described in 2001


title: Enterococcus moraviensis

text:
Enterococcus moraviensis is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4856T (= LMG 19486T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Enterococcus moraviensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

moraviensis
Bacteria described in 2001


title: Shewanella sediminis

text:
Shewanella sediminis is a hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading bacterium from marine sediment. It is psychrophilic and rod-shaped, with type strain HAW-EB3T (=NCIMB 14036T =DSM 17055T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Shewanella sediminis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Alteromonadales
Bacteria described in 2005
Psychrophiles


title: Streptomyces puniciscabiei

text:
Streptomyces puniciscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea. Its type strain is S77T (=LMG 21391T =KACC 20253T). It has purple-red, spiny spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains.

References

Further reading

KHODAKARAMIAN, GHOLAM, DOOST MORAD ZAFARI, and PARI MOHAMMAD JAVAD SOLEIMANI. "DIVERSITY OF STREPTOMYCES STRAINS CAUSING POTATO SCAB DISEASE IN HAMEDAN PROVINCE AND THEIR THAXTOMIN PRODUCTION POTENTIAL." APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY (2011).

External links

LPSN

puniciscabiei
Bacteria described in 2003


title: Streptomyces niveiscabiei

text:
Streptomyces niveiscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea. Its type strain is S78T (=LMG 21392T =KACC 20254T). It has  white, smooth, cylindrical spores that are borne in simple rectus flexuous spore-chains.

References

Further reading

Khodakaramian, Gholam, Doost Morad Afari, and Pari Mohammad Javad Soleimani. "Diversity of streptomyces strains causing potato scab disease in Hamedan province and their thaxtomin production potential." Applied Entomology and Phytopathology (2011).

External links
LPSN

niveiscabiei
Bacteria described in 2003


title: Liliane Tannoury

text:
Liliane Tannoury () is a senior Lebanese TV presenter. She works as a sports anchor for Al Arabiya TV in Dubai.

Early life

She was born and raised with her brothers and sisters in Zahle, Lebanon. She spent her adolescence practicing basketball and volleyball. She moved to Brazil to study communications
sciences in São Paulo, after she graduated from the Collège Saint Joseph, and studied Media at the Lebanese University in Lebanon. She speaks fluent Arabic, French, English, Portuguese and some Spanish.

Career

Liliane began her career as a Sports teacher in Lebanon. Then she started her media career as a reporter in Brazil. She moved to broadcast journalism in 2003 when she joined Al Arabiya TV/Dubai as a sports presenter. She was an instant hit with viewers.

Until 2013, she had a weekly program about English Premier League. The post required a lot of travelling and twice a year she released interviews with key players.

Liliane is the first woman in the Arabic world to present these types of programs. She covered most of the sports tournaments and events around the world namely football world cup (South Africa and Brazil).

She produces, edits and writes her shows, including specials for Al Arabiya.

Highlights

Liliane has conducted exclusive interviews all over the world, talking with Cristiano Ronaldo, Robin Van Persie, Gareth Bale, Gerard Piqué, Xavi, Luis Suárez, Andrés Iniesta, Xabi Alonso and many others.

Liliane was nominated several times for Television Sports Awards.

Other activities

She hosts galas, sports events, award ceremonies and is a motivational speaker.

Recently she was the official host of the Kuwait Futsal tournament.

She follows the work of International Woman's media Foundation and the work of the Committee to Protect Journalists, foundations that are concerned by the freedom of press and are active in protecting journalists all over the world.

References

Lebanese journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Zahle
Lebanese University alumni


title: GnRH neuron

text:
GnRH neurons, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons, are the cells in the brain that control the release of reproductive hormones from the pituitary. These brain cells control reproduction by secreting GnRH into the hypophyseal portal capillary bloodstream, so are sometimes referred to as “sex neurons”. This small capillary network carries GnRH to the anterior pituitary, causing release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) into the wider bloodstream. When GnRH neurons change their pattern of release from the juvenile to the adult pattern of GnRH secretion, puberty is initiated. Failure of GnRH neurons to form the proper connections, or failure to successfully stimulate the pituitary with GnRH, means that puberty is not initiated. These disruptions to the GnRH system cause reproductive disorders like hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or Kallmann Syndrome.

Origins of GnRH neurons
In 1989, two research groups independently discovered that GnRH neurons, which in adults are scattered throughout the hypothalamus, do not originate in this region of the brain. Instead, they migrate into the brain along olfactory axon fibers from the nose. Most GnRH neurons are born from stem cells in the nasal placode (embryonic nasal tissue). More recently, it was discovered that a subset of GnRH neurons can trace their origins not from the nasal placode, but from the neural crest earlier in embryogenesis. This subset of cells migrates into the nasal placode, where they intermix with GnRH neurons born in this region, and migrate together into the brain.

Journey from nose to brain
On their journey from nose to brain, GnRH neurons pass through nasal tissue, the early skull, and move through several regions of the forebrain before reaching their destinations. Along the way, secreted and membrane-bound molecules guide them in the right direction and help to set their movement speed. GnRH neurons that fail to enter the brain, or that migrate to the wrong region, are not functional and can even undergo programmed cell death. This failure of GnRH neurons to migrate into the brain is the main cause of Kallmann Syndrome. GABA, which depolarizes embryonic GnRH neurons, slows movement but helps them to move straight along their pathway. SDF activates hyperpolarizing GIRK channels, accelerating movement speeds. Other guidance cues like semaphorins and HGF regulate movement of GnRH neurons as well.

Movement of GnRH neurons
Scientists have discovered how guidance molecules cause GnRH neurons to speed up or slow down. Normally, any calcium ions in the cell are rapidly pulled into organelles like the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. Guidance molecules cause the release of these calcium ions back into the cell cytoplasm, where calcium sensing proteins re-organize the cell’s actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, which are the molecular filaments that give a cell its shape. This causes contractions in the cell (similar to muscle contractions) that link to adhesive proteins on the cell surface, pulling the cell forward.

GnRH Physiology
The shift to high frequency electrical activity in GnRH neurons is the signal that initiates puberty. GnRH neurons receive input from classical neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA. These neurotransmitters cause electrical activity that is regulated through development to cause broad changes in calcium ion entry into the cell through voltage-sensitive ion channels. This triggers the release of GnRH into the hypophyseal portal capillary bloodstream, where the GnRH hormone activates the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. In addition to classical neurotransmitters, some guidance molecules can change the wiring of GnRH neurons to the portal capillary system, altering the strength of the signal to the pituitary gland.

Regulation of GnRH neurons
GnRH neurons integrate information from the body to regulate reproduction. The strongest activator of GnRH neurons is a hormone called Kisspeptin. GnRH neurons also integrate information from the body through hormones like neuropeptide Y and adiponectin. These hormones provide the GnRH neurons with information about the body’s status to help determine whether reproduction should be prioritized or suppressed.

References

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins
Neurons


title: Masters W60 pole vault world record progression

text:
This is the progression of world record improvements of the pole vault W60 division of Masters athletics.

Key

References

Masters Athletics Pole Vault list

Masters athletics world record progressions
Pole


title: John Halver

text:
John Emil Halver (April 21, 1922 – October 24, 2012)  was an American biochemist known for his research into the nutritional biochemistry, physiology, and cellular biochemistry of fish.  His work on the nutritional needs of fish led to modern methods of fish farming and fish feed production around the world.  He held a position with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as director of the Western Fish Nutrition Laboratory in Cook, Washington, where Halver and his staff carried out research on the nutrient requirements for Pacific salmon.

Early life and education
Halver received his bachelor's degree in chemistry and a master's in organic chemistry from Washington State University, completing his thesis, *Enzymatic Resolution of Amino Acid Phenyl Hydrazides" in 1948. His Ph.D. is in medical biochemistry, and was awarded by the University of Washington Medical School based on his thesis, *A vitamin test diet for chinook salmon: the water-soluble vitamin requirement of chinook salmon" in 1953.

He served as a US Army Ranger, European Theatre during WWII; Platoon Leader to captain, 100th Division, 399 Infantry, Fox Company. Citations received: Croix d’Valeur (France), Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Citation, American Theatre Service Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Service Medal with two Bronze Stars, World War II Victory Medal, Combat Infantry Badge, Army of Occupation (Germany), and the Citoyen d’Honneur (France). He served in three campaigns: Southern France, The Rhineland, and Southern Germany.

Career
In addition to research, Halver taught at the University of Washington. Some of his students have become directors of federal fisheries programs, feed manufacturing plants, and university aquaculture programs. He was named Senior Scientist in Nutrition in 1975 and was US Science Ambassador 1975–1992.

In 2005, Halver was named as one of the "Leading Scientists of the World" by the International Biographical Centre of Cambridge, England., because of his work for the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank, the United States Agency for International Development, and the International Executive Service Corps, which led to improved food supply for populations in developing countries.

Research
Halver discovered the cause of trout hepatomas (liver cancer) in the early 1960s, and developed methods of avoiding them. He was voted into the National Academy of Sciences in 1978 on the basis of that work.

Selected publications
Fish Feed Technology. J. E. Halver, Ed. 395 Pgs. ADCP/REP/80/11. FAO; Rome, Italy. 1980
Metabolism of Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic-2-sulfate in Man and the subhuman primate. E. M. Baker, J. E. Halver, D.O.Johnsen, B.E.Joyce, M.K.Knight, and B. M. Tolbert. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 258: 72-80 1975
Aflatoxicosis and Trout Hepatoma. John E Halver pp265–306 in Aflatoxin, L.A. Goldblatt, ed. Academic Press, NY
Special Methods in Pond Fish Husbandry. L. Horvath, G. Tamas, and I. Tolg. (J. E. Halver, Ed.) Akademiai Kaido; Budapest, Hungary. 150 pgs. 1985
Investigation on nutrition of some cultivable finfish species and development of cost-effective formulae feeds. A.K. Jafree and J.E. Halver. ICAR-USDA IN-AES-251. pgs 93. 1991
Nutrient requirements and metabolism of marine species. in Halver, J.E. (C. S. Lee, editor). Aquaculture: Retrospective and Outlook. - An Aquaculture Summit. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines and World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. P.117-132
Separation of three commercial forms of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, Ascorbic-2-sulfate, and Ascorbic-2-polyphosphate) by HPLC. S. Felton and J. E. Halver. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. 190: 217–218. (1989)
L-Ascorbyl-2-Sulfate alleviates Atlantic Salmon scurvy. J. E. Halver and R. W. Hardy. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine 206: 421–424. 1994
Efficacy of L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate as a Vitamin C source for Rainbow Trout. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding held June 1991 in Biarritz, France. J. E. Halver, S. Felton, A. Palmisano. p 137–147 in Fish Nutrition in Practice ( S. J. Kaushik and P Luquet, Eds.) INRA; Paris, France. 1992
Effects of dietary Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain gene expression. Kitajka, Klara; Sinclair, Andrew J; Weisinger, Richard S; Weisinger, Harrison S; Mathai, Michael; Jayasooriya, Anura P; Halver, JE; Puskas, Laszlo G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:10931-10936 (2004)
A vitamin test diet for long-term feeding studies. J. E. Halver and J. A. Coates. Progressive Fish-Culturist. 19: 112–118. 1957
Nutrition of Salmonoid Fishes, IV. An amino acid test diet for Chinook Salmon. J. E. Halver. Journal of Nutrition. 62: 245–254. 1957

Personal life

Halver was an active Christian, and gave lectures on the harmony between science and theology, At the time of his death Halver was married to Jane Loren Halver (his wife of 68 years) and had 5 children: John Emil IV, Nancylee, Janet, Peter, and Deborah, 12 grandchildren, and 4 great-grandchildren.

References

1922 births
2012 deaths
American marine biologists
Fisheries scientists
United States Army personnel of World War II
Washington State University alumni
University of Washington alumni
20th-century American zoologists


title: Charles Binger

text:
Charles Ashford Binger ( October 12, 1907, London - 1974) was an English American artist and illustrator.

During the 1920s and 1930s, Binger began his career painting film posters for Twentieth Century Fox UK, then served in World War II as a member of the London Fire Service and Air Sea Rescue. He also supplied art for campaigns such as the wartime English Savings Bond Campaign. After the war, he moved to New York City, and began painting covers for Colliers Magazine, Fawcett Publications, Signet Books, Pyramid Books, Pocket Books, Bantam Books, Avon Books, and other publishers. His cover art was used on books by Nathanael West, Aldous Huxley, John Collier, Ray Bradbury, Erle Stanley Gardner and many more.  Binger continued to paint movie posters, for such films as River of No Return, Titanic, The Song of Bernadette, Run Silent Run Deep, and The Comancheros. Binger was also a popular pin-up artist. He is perhaps best remembered for his science fiction covers in the 1950s, and for his covers for hard-boiled detective pulps.

Binger continued to work until 1970, and died in 1974. A major retrospective show of his work was held in Los Angeles in 2011.

References

External links
Science Fiction Art of Charles Binger, includes gallery of book covers
Charles Binger art, gallery at Google Images

1907 births
1974 deaths
Artists from London
American speculative fiction artists
British speculative fiction artists
American illustrators
Science fiction artists
British emigrants to the United States


title: Jonathan Bennett (mathematician)

text:
Jonathan Bennett is a mathematician and Professor of Mathematical Analysis at the University of Birmingham. He was a recipient of the Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society in 2011 for "his foundational work on multilinear inequalities in harmonic and geometric analysis, and for a number of major results in the theory of oscillatory integrals."

Education
In 1995 he graduated with a BA in mathematics from Hertford College at the University of Oxford. He went on to study for a PhD in harmonic analysis under Anthony Carbery at the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1999.

Career
Bennett has done postdoctoral work at the University of Edinburgh, the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Trinity College Dublin. He joined the University of Birmingham in 2005. Bennett is an editor for the journals Mathematika and Quarterly Journal of Mathematics.

Bennett is known for his work in harmonic analysis, particularly in applying the methods of heat flow monotonicity and induction-on-scale arguments to prove inequalities arising in harmonic and geometric analysis, in particular for his work (jointly with Anthony Carbery and Terence Tao) on the  multilinear Kakeya conjecture. Bennett has an Erdős number of 3, via his collaboration with Tao.

References

External links
Bennett's page at the Mathematics Genealogy Project.
Research published by Bennett.
A blog post by Tao explaining induction-on-scales arguments, with reference to his joint work with Bennett and Carbery.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh College of Science and Engineering
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Mathematical analysts
Whitehead Prize winners
British mathematicians


Gymnastics competitions at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland, was held from 24 July to 1 August at the SSE Hydro arena at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre.

Medal table

Medal summary

Artistic
Men's Events

Women's Events

Rhythmic

Participating nations

Artistic
The following nations participated in Artistic Gymnastics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

  (10)
  (1)
  (10)
  (1)
  (6)
  (10)
  (10)
  (8)
  (1)
  (1)
  (7)
  (3)
  (10)
  (6)
  (1)
  (10)
  (10)
  (7)
  (5)
  (3)
  (10)

Rhythmic
The following nations participated in Rhythmic Gymnastics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games

  (3)
  (3)
  (1)
  (2)
  (3)
  (3)
  (3)
  (2)
  (3)
  (3)
  (3)
  (3)

See also
Gymnastics at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics

References

External links
Official results book – Gymnastics (Artistic)
Official results book – Gymnastics (Rhythmic)

2014 Commonwealth Games events
C
2014
Gymnastics in Scotland
International gymnastics competitions hosted by the United Kingdom


title: Rick Shea

text:
Rick Shea (born September 22, 1953) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist who lives in Southern California. His career spans four decades and in that time he has worked as a solo artist and with bands such as Chris Gaffney and The Cold Hard Facts and Dave Alvin's Guilty Men. Additionally, Shea fronts his own band, the Losin' End. His influences are many and include the hardcore honky of Hank Williams as well as a myriad of American artists and international folk musicians. Eclectic in his stance, his live shows entice audiences across the United States and Europe. He has released ten albums and continues to write, record and produce both his own music and that of other artists.

Early life
Shea was born in Annapolis, Maryland to a military family and lived in several eastern states before moving to San Bernardino, California at age eleven. As a teenager, he began playing in local coffeehouses and before long, many of the country bars and honky-tonks in the area.

Musical career
Shea draws inspiration from the folk, country, blues, and rock genres and has been compared to Tom Russell, Jimmie Dale Gilmore and Chuck Pyle among others. As a solo artist, he has played at The Strawberry Festival in Sonora, California, The Canmore Folk Festival in Alberta Canada, The Honolulu Academy of Arts in Hawaii, and is a regular on the "Roots on the Rails" series of concerts along with his partner in crime, Dave Alvin, as well as many other Folk and Americana venues and festivals.

In 1992, Shea was included in the Town South of Bakersfield series of albums that featured Dwight Yoakam, Lucinda Williams, and Rosie Flores among others. Later, in 2001, Shea collaborated with fiddler Brantley Kearns on an album of original and cover songs called Trouble and Me. Shea arranged and co-produced the album with Dave Alvin.

In 2003, Shea worked with country singer Patty Booker on an album of country duets called Our Shangri LA. The album featured original and cover songs by Merle Haggard, Leona Williams, Pat McLaughlin, Lee Hazlewood and others. Shea has played with Dave Alvin on his Grammy Award-winning album Public Domain and with R.E.M. for the soundtrack to Man On the Moon.

Shea has worked as a producer on his own albums and plays acoustic, electric, and steel guitar, and mandolin. He is revered as a master Telecaster player, and performs regularly in Southern California  with his group, consisting of sidemen David Hallgrimson on bass, noted percussionist  Steve Mugalian., and session whiz Stephen Patt.  Besides his own albums, Shea has also produced albums for The Good Intentions from Liverpool and Chris Richards from Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

Discography
 Outside of Nashville (1989)
 A Town South of Bakersfield (1992)
 The Buffalo Show (1993)
 Shaky Ground (1998)
 Sawbones (1999)
 Trouble and Me (2001)
 Our Shangri LA (2003)
 Bound for Trouble (2005)
 Shelter Valley Blues (2009)
 Sweet Bernardine (2013)
 The Town Where I Live (2017)
 Love & Desperation (2020)

References

External links

http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rick-shea-mn0000300072
http://www.canmorefolkfestival.com/Assts/CopyDocuments/PerformersArchive-1978-2010.pdf
http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/10/26/features/story06.html
http://www.dabelly.com/columns/lint72.htm
Workingman's Blues by Gerald W. Haslam. University of California Press

Writers from Annapolis, Maryland
1953 births
American male singer-songwriters
Living people


title: The Eternal Mother (1917 film)

text:
The Eternal Mother is a surviving 1917 American silent drama film directed by Frank Reicher and stars Ethel Barrymore. The picture is taken from a novel, Red Horse Hill, by Sidney McCall, an alias for Mary McNeill Fenollosa.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, Maris (Barrymore) endeavors to persuade her husband Dwight Alden (Mills) to replace the children working in his mills with man and women, but Alden does not listen to his wife's pleas. One night a little girl is injured and Maris, calling on her, discovers that she is her own daughter from a previous marriage who she thought was dead. She finds that her former husband, whom she also believed to be dead, is still living. Maris returns to her home, unable to forget her little girl. When the girl runs away from her father and comes to Maris, Maris leaves Alden, explaining her reasons in a letter. Alden learns that Maris' former husband secured a divorce so that he might marry another woman. With this evidence, and after clearing his factories of child workers, Alden goes to Maris and begs her and her child to return home with him.

Preservation status
A copy has been id'd in the Bois d'Arcy archive.

Cast
 Ethel Barrymore as Maris
 Frank Mills as Dwight Alden
 J. W. Johnston as Lynch (credited as Jack W. Johnston)
 Charles Sutton as Minister (credited as Charles W. Sutton)
 Kaj Gynt (pseudonym of Karin Sophia Matthiessen; née Karin Sophia Cederstrand; 1885–1956) as Kate
 Louis Wolheim as Bucky McGhee (credited as Louis R. Wolheim)
 Maxine Elliott Hicks as Felice
 J. Van Cortlandt as Butler

See also
Ethel Barrymore on stage, screen and radio

References

External links

 McCall, Sidney (1919), Red Horse Hill, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, on the Internet Archive
Ethel Barrymore in the film;  though this webpage attributes to another film of the same name(Wayback)

1917 films
American silent feature films
1917 drama films
American black-and-white films
Silent American drama films
Films directed by Frank Reicher
1910s American films
Surviving American silent films


title: Rektok Ross

text:
Liani Gwen Kotcher (aka Rektok Ross) (born May 1, 1980) is an American young-adult fiction writer, journalist, and entertainment host, best known for her contemporary romance novel Prodigal.Prodigal tells the story of a romance between two teenagers from different religious and economic backgrounds that find love in unexpected places. The novel reached number 1 on The Amazon Best Sellers List for its category in February 2013.

Ross is also a popular young-adult entertainment journalist with her own weekly column at The Examiner, an online magazine with over 20 million unique visitors in July 2010.

Biography
Ross was born in a small town in South Florida. From a young age, her mother, an elementary school teacher, instilled in her a love of reading. Ross spent much of her childhood in public libraries and book stores. Later, she received her journalism degree from The University of Florida, where she graduated with honors, and her J.D. degree from The University of Miami, where she graduated magna cum laude. While still in law school, Ross completed an internship in the legal and business affairs department of Miramax Studios and has practiced entertainment law at a top international law firm. She left the firm in September 2018.

Career
Ross is a young-adult author best known for her contemporary romance and inspiration novel Prodigal about two teenagers from different religious and economic backgrounds that fall in love against all odds. Prodigal reached number 1 on The Amazon Best Sellers List for its category in February 2013.

In addition to writing novels, Ross has also received acclaim for her screenplays. Ross's experiences at Miramax Studios later led Ross to writing, producing, and directing a comedy short — Weasels the Movie— with her brother. Weasels is the story of two lovable losers who finally find their niche as tabloid photographers, but first discover that tabloid photography is not as easy as it looks. Ross additionally voiced many of the characters for Weasels and the film screened in 2011 at the Boca Film Festival.

Ross is also a journalist covering young-adult book entertainment. Ross is the official Los Angeles journalist for young-adult entertainment for renowned national online magazine The Examiner, where she reports on news and trends in the Young Adult entertainment world. She has covered the red carpet and premiere circuit for numerous high-profile events and film festivals and has interviewed actors from television shows like The Vampire Diaries and Game of Thrones to book-to-film adaptations like Beautiful Creatures to musicians like Grammy award-winning band Train, to best selling authors such as Lauren Kate of the "Fallen" series.

References

External links
 Official Website of Rektok Ross

1980 births
University of Florida alumni
University of Miami School of Law alumni
American women journalists
American writers of young adult literature
Women writers of young adult literature
Living people
21st-century American women


title: Bruno Oliveira (footballer, born 1993)

text:
Bruno Antunes de Oliveira (born 11 January 1993), known as Bruno Oliveira or simply Bruno, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Madureira as a right back.

Career
Born in Pindamonhangaba, Bruno Oliveira joined Palmeiras' youth setup in 2010, aged 17, after a short stint with Mirassol. On 25 November 2012 he played his first match as a professional, starting and playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–2 home loss against Atlético Goianiense for the Série A championship.

On 4 October 2013, Bruno Oliveira signed a new four-year deal with Verdão. After being sparingly used, he joined Guarani on loan until the end of the year on 1 May of the following year.

References

External links
 Bruno Oliveira at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)

1993 births
Living people
People from Pindamonhangaba
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Guarani FC players
Oeste Futebol Clube players
Clube Atlético Penapolense players
Vila Nova Futebol Clube players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
Nacional Atlético Clube (SP) players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Águia de Marabá Futebol Clube players
Marília Atlético Clube players
Footballers from São Paulo (state)


title: 2014 Liga Nusantara Bali

text:
The 2014 Liga Nusantara Bali season is the first edition of Liga Nusantara Bali is a qualifying round of the 2014 Liga Nusantara.

The competition scheduled starts on 22 June 2014.

Teams
Liga Nusantara Bali will be followed by seven clubs namely Pro Kundalini, Putra Tresna, Persada Jembrana, Undiksha Singaraja, Perst Tabanan, PS Gianyar, dan Tunas Muda Ubud.

References

2014 in Indonesian football
Bali


title: The Snowden Files

text:
The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World's Most Wanted Man is a 2014 book by Luke Harding, published by Vintage Books.

Greg Miller of The Washington Post described the book as the first single-book account of Edward Snowden's 2013 leaking of National Security Agency (NSA) documents. However, Miller commented that the "British perspective" of the book "overlooks some significant U.S. developments and underplays important work done by other journalists, including Barton Gellman of The Washington Post."

Reception
Greg Miller concluded that "Harding has delivered a clearly written and captivating account of the Snowden leaks and their aftermath, succeeding beyond his most basic ambition, which was to arrive in bookstores first."

The book received positive reviews from The Guardian and the London Review of Books, which called it "a super-readable, thrillerish account of the events surrounding the reporting of the documents". Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times wrote that the book "reads like a le Carré novel crossed with something by Kafka."

Conversely, The Daily Telegraphs David Blair wrote: "Harding's story crackles with verve, but complexity and nuance are banished. In particular, the real dilemmas of intelligence work are ignored."

The Snowden Files was initially criticised by Snowden associate, journalist Glenn Greenwald, when he had only read extracts from Harding's book. Later, after reading the whole book, he conceded that it did not criticise Snowden. On February 14, 2014 Greenwald told the Financial Times: "They are purporting to tell the inside story of Edward Snowden but it is written by someone who has never met or even spoken to Edward Snowden. Luke came here and talked to me for half a day without [my] realising that he was trying to get me to write his book for him. I cut the interview off when I realised what he was up to." The Financial Times has since amended the article stating: "Harding insists that when he spoke to Greenwald in Rio, he made it very clear he was doing research for his book on Snowden."

WikiLeaks founder and Snowden backer Julian Assange—subject of the 2011 book WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy, coauthored by Luke Harding and David Leigh, that Assange condemned—harshly criticized both The Snowden Files and its author, calling the book "a walloping fraud, written by frauds to be praised by frauds". Assange stated, "the most disappointing thing of all about The Snowden Files is that it is exploitative. It should not have existed at all. We all understand the pressures facing print journalism and the need to diversify revenue in order to cross-subsidize investigative journalism. But investigative journalism involves being able to develop relationships of trust with your sources."

Movie
The Snowden Files, along with the fictionalized Time of the Octopus by Snowden's Russian lawyer Anatoly Kucherena, forms the basis of the Oliver Stone film Snowden (2016).

References

2014 non-fiction books
Non-fiction books adapted into films
Edward Snowden
Non-fiction books about espionage
Vintage Books books


title: Robert Bruce Tague

text:
Robert Bruce Tague (1910/1911–1984) was an American modernist architect and abstract artist who lived in Chicago, Illinois.

Education and military service

Tague studied architecture at the Armour Institute of Technology, receiving a Bachelor of Architecture in 1933 and a master's in 1935. At the New Bauhaus in Chicago, he taught architecture and drafting. Both institutions later became part of the Illinois Institute of Technology.

He served in the United States Army from 1944 to 1946.

Career

Architecture

After seeing George Fred Keck's buildings at the Century of Progress exposition, Tague sought him out as an advisor for his master's thesis. Tague began doing design work for the senior architect, immediately, even before completing his thesis. While employed there he collaborated on buildings with Keck. He also worked with Ralph Rapson on an entry for the competition to design Ecuador's Legislative Palace. Later, as an associate of Crombie Taylor, he helped to redesign the Auditorium Building.

Together with Tristan Meinecke, he was a partner in the firm Meinecke Studio which built "hundreds of units" in Chicago.

Tague's house for the Frueh family in Highland Park was his most notable building; a local architectural historian found that it had a good case for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. However, despite the efforts of a conservation group, the property was demolished and a new building erected in 2006. In 1952, he and Crombie Taylor collaborated on the design of a single-family home for Irving Nuger in Elmwood Park. This design was among those included in Quality Budget Houses: A Treasury of Architect-Designed Houses from $5,000 to $20,000 by Katherine Morrow Ford and Thomas L. Creighton, published in 1954.

Visual art

Tague was also an abstract artist. He was known for oil, watercolor and mixed media collage in a sophisticated, modernist style.

Death
Tague died at Lakeside Veterans Medical Center in Chicago on December 17, 1984.

References

1910s births
1984 deaths
Modernist architects from the United States
20th-century American architects
Architects from Chicago
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni


title: James Cassell

text:
James Horatio Nelson Cassell (17 December 1814 – 21 November 1853) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Cassell was born in London, England, the son of Lieutenant-Colonel James Cassell (who had served under Horatio Nelson in the marines) and his wife Jane. J. H. N. Cassell arrived in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land in 1836.

Cassell was collector of customs in the Port Phillip District (later Victoria) and an appointed member of the Victorian Legislative Council on 29 August 1853 until his death which occurred at his home, Hawksburn House, in South Yarra, Victoria on 21 November 1853. His funeral took place two days later and was described as "one of the most remarkable demonstrations which has taken place in this or in any other country".

He was replaced in the council by Hugh Childers.

Cassell had married Martha Bruford in Hobart, 1840; there were no children.

References

External links

1814 births
1853 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
English emigrants to colonial Australia
Politicians from London
Burials in Victoria (state)
19th-century Australian politicians
19th-century Australian public servants


The Federal Drought Emergency Relief Assistance is a unit of Planning Commission under Ministry of Planning and Development of which Asad Umar is in charge, to facilitate the implementation of the project in the drought-hit areas of all the provinces and territories and coordinate activities carried out in the provinces to mitigate the effects of drought.

Drought Emergency Relief Assistance program was launched in November, 2001 to mitigate the negative impact of the drought; to revive the
economy and promote  more sustainable use of available water and other productive resources. Under the program the main focus remained on improvement and management of available  resources.

The programme supports the government strategy to revive the agrarian economy, buildup infrastructure, manage and promote more sustainable use of locally  available water
and other productive resources. The main objectives of the DERA programme are as
under:
 To support the Government efforts to mitigate the effects of drought in most adversely affected areas/regions.
 To implement water conservation measures.
 Supporting infrastructure and services to restore agricultural growth.

Assistance of $100 million and $40 million was provided by the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank (WB) respectively whereas the Government of Pakistan earmarked $20 million, making a total of $160 million equivalent to PKR 10 billion.

See also
 National Disaster Management Authority (Pakistan)

References

External links
 Ministry of Planning and Development

Ministry of Planning and Development
Emergency management in Pakistan


title: Q150

text:
Q150 was the sesquicentenary (150th anniversary) of the Separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859. Separation established the Colony of Queensland which became the State of Queensland in 1901 as part of the Federation of Australia. Q150 was celebrated in 2009.

Celebrations

The Queensland government and other Queensland organisations celebrated the occasion with many events and publications, including:
 announcement of the 150 icons of Queensland by the Queensland Premier Anna Bligh
 placement of a time capsule in the grounds of Old Government House
 the creation of monuments at significant survey points in Queensland's history by the Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute to honour the many early explorer/surveyors who mapped the state
 the State Library of Queensland collected stories from notable Queenslanders, as part of the Storylines - Q150 digital stories project.

Many local communities celebrated Q150 in various ways. In Coominya, the local heritage society commissioned a series of murals depicting early life at the town.

See also
:Category:Q150 Icons

References

External links

  — Official website
 10085 Storylines - Q150 digital stories, 2009, John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland
 Storylines Q150 digital stories: Treasure collection of the John Oxley Library, John Oxley Library Blog, State Library of Queensland.

Australian historical anniversaries
2009 in Australia
2000s in Queensland


title: De Película (Gloria Trevi album)

text:
De Película is the ninth studio album by Mexican singer Gloria Trevi. It was released on 24 September 2013 through Universal Music Group. The album produced five singles, two of which were used in Trevi's 2012 telenovela Libre Para Amarte.

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Weekly sales

Certifications

Release
 Standard version

References

2013 albums
Gloria Trevi albums
Spanish-language albums


title: Gordon, Maryland

text:
Gordon is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Maryland, United States.
A postal stop operated at this location from December 21, 1893, to April 15, 1895.

References

Year of establishment missing
Unincorporated communities in Howard County, Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Maryland


title: Bhanja dynasty

text:
The Bhanja dynasty is a dynasty that originated in the northern and central regions of modern Odisha (in the Khiching region of Utkala and Khinjali mandalas) before the Gupta Empire became an imperial power. The dynasty, of ancient local Kshatriya lineage as documented by Hermann Kulke, succeeded the Vindhyatabi branch of the Nagas of Padmavati, who ruled from the Keonjhar district of Odisha and included Satrubhanja of the Asanpat inscription. The Bhanj later became feudatories of the Bhauma-Kara dynasty.

The successor branches of the Bhanja rulers became local feudatories to the united realms of the Eastern Ganga dynasty, the Gajapati Kingdom, and ruling dynasties of the princely states and zamindaries of the region with the advent of British rule. Prominent branches include the princely states of Mayurbhanj State and Keonjhar State.

History
The early Bhanjas emerged as leading chieftains succeeding the Nagas of the Vindhyatabi rulers in Kendujhar and the Western Odisha region, inheriting the land that consisted of the preceding Naga ruler Satrubhanja's domains. With the supremacy of Bhauma-Kara dynasty rule in the Utkal region, they ruled as their feudatories which consisted of mandalas.

According to early mandala inscriptions, the Bhanjas describe their origins from the mythical peahen likely pointing out to the early peafowl-related traditions of the ancient Bhanja clans, which is observed on their emblems that are shared by the successive branches. Khinjali and Khijjinga mandalas were among the prominent mandalas under Bhauma-Kara rule.

Khinjali mandala
The Khinjili mandala comprised areas of modern-day Boudh, Phulbani, Nayagarh, Ghumusar, and Sonepur. Its capital was Dhritipura (modern Boudh). Nettabhanja, who ruled over the Dhenkanal-Anugul region and made Nava-angulakapatana his capital, was regarded by R. D. Banerji and R. C. Majumdar as the earliest Bhanja king of the Khinjali mandala line. The early Bhanjas were powerful feudatory rulers of independent sovereign principalities in early medieval Odisha, and the territory was passed to the Somavanshis after Ranabhanja, then his son Netribhanja established a new territory named after Khinjali. Copper plate inscriptions of Yasobhanja and his brother Jayabhanja at Antirigam and Kanakabhanja show Bhanja rule continued in the Khijali region until the 12th century CE.

During the early 10th century CE, with political instabilities in the Bhauma-Kara kingdom, the neighboring Somavamshi and Bhanja dynasties attempted to conquer the region. The Bhanjas of Khinjali married two of their princesses (Vakula Mahadevi and Dharma Mahadevi) to the Bhauma-Kara kings Shubhakaradeva V and his father Shantikaradeva III, and later controlled the Bhauma-Kara kingdom through them. The Bhauma-Kara territory eventually came under the control of the dominant Somavamshis.

Early Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala
Silabhanja I (8th-century CE)
Satrubhanja (8th-century CE)
Ranabhanja (9th-century CE)
Netribhanja I (Nettabhanja I)
Digbhanja
Silabhanja II
Vidyadharbhanja
Nettabhanja II

Baudh Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala
Solana Bhanja
Durjaya Bhanja
Kanaka Bhanja

Later Bhanjas of Khinjali mandala
Devabhaja
Rayabhanja I
Virabhanja
Rayabhanja II
Yasobhanja (12th cen CE)
Jayabhanja (12th cen CE)
Virabhanja II

Khijjinga mandala
Khijjinga, or Khijjinga-Kotta, comprised areas of modern-day Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar. Inscriptions refer to them as the founders of the Adi-Bhanja dynasty. The early history of Bhanja rule at Khijjinga is described in copper plate inscriptions found at Bamanghaty near Rairangpur and the Khandadeuli inscription of Ranabhanja. The founder of the dynasty was Virabahdra Adi Bhanja, with his capital located at Khijjinga Kota (now Khiching). The Kichakeshwari Temple was also built by Rajabanja, according to inscriptions.

Virabhadra Adi-Bhanja (eighth-century CE)
Kottabhanja
Digbhanja
Rajabanja
Ranabhanja (924 CE Bamanghaty inscription)
Narendrabhanja

Bhaumakara kingdom
Two princesses of the Khinjali Bhanjas, Vakula Mahadevi and Dharma Mahadevi, married the Bhauma-Kara kings Shubhakaradeva V and his father Shantikaradeva III, and later became the regnal monarchs of the Bhauma-Kara kingdom.

Vakula Mahadevi (934–940)
Dharma Mahadevi (940–943)

Bhanja successor states

 Ancient Bhanja clans
 Khijjinga mandala
 Mayurbhanj branch
 Kanika branch
 Bastar branch
 Garh Haladia branch
 Keonjhar branch
 Khinjali mandala
 Baudh branch
 Daspalla branch
 Ghumusar branch

Mayurbhanj branch

The influence of the Khijjinga Bhanjas declined after the dominance of the Somavamshis in the Utkal region, but centuries later came back to prominence in the region with the rise of the Eastern Ganga dynasty after uniting the three realms of Trikalinga with the Bhanjas as their feudatories. Traditions point to numerous origins of the dynasty, but a lack of records renders them unlikely although it is generally accepted that the founder, Adi Bhanja of the 8th century CE established the dynasty of the Mayurbhanj state with his brother Jyoti Bhanja founding the Keonjhar State succeeding from the Khijjinga Adi Bhanja dynasty.

Kanika branch

The Kanika Bhanja branch was established by Bhujabal Bhanja most likely around the third century. It remained a prominent zamindari during the reigns of the Trikalingapati and Gajapati monarchs and also supported the Khurda rulers against the British after they took over Orissa from the Maratha Empire in 1803. After independence in 1947, it was merged into Odisha, following which the zamindari estates were abolished.

Bastar branch

The Bastar state was long ruled by the descendants of the Kakatiya dynasty until the 1920s, when King Rudra Pratap Deo's daughter and heir Rani Prafulla Kumari Devi married Prince Prafulla Chandra Bhanj Deo, who was the nephew of the King of Mayurbhanj Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo. Their son Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo became the first and only Bhanja ruler of Bastar from 1936 until 1948 when it acceded to India following independence.

Garh Haladia branch

The Haladia estate was an ancient vassal state of the Gajapati Empire that was ruled on their behalf by the Bhanj monarchs. They are a branch of Mayurbhanj State who swore allegiance to the Gajapati Maharaja of Puri. It was founded by Anu Bhanj Deo, a scion of the Mayurbhanj Raj family who came to Puri around the 11th century CE, married the daughter of the then-Gajapati Maharaja of Puri, and obtained the estate as her dowry. During British rule, Garh Haladia was one of the Khandayat jagirs in Khordha.

Keonjhar branch

According to traditions, Keonjhar State was founded sometime during the 12th century during the rule of the Eastern Ganga dynasty when Jyoti Bhanj was enthroned as the raja of Keonjhar with the help of dominant local Bhuyan clans. The influence of Bhuyans on the enthronement rituals and regnal traditions of Keonjhar suggests a long-standing relationship with the kingdom.

Baudh branch

With the advent of Eastern Ganga rule over the region after the defeat of the Somavamshis, there were local chieftains ruling over Baudh as Eastern Ganga feudatories. There was a Brahmin chieftain who was childless that adopted the nephew of the neighboring raja of Keonjhar who belonged to the Bhanj dynasty. The prince named himself Ananga Deva and became the king of Baudh in the 14th century.

Daspalla branch

In the late 15th century around 1498 CE, Naren Bhanja, the brother of the raja of Baudh, was made chieftain of the Daspalla region, from which he later seceded and declared his independent kingdom.

Ghumusar branch
The rulers of Ghumusar zamindari were descendants of the Bhanja rulers of Khinjali mandala whose rule ended in the Boudh region as the Somavanshis conquered their territory during their conflicts with the Bhauma-Kara rulers during the 10th century CE and were displaced into the Ghumusar region post-12th century where they set up their kingdom. They established their capital at Kullad (a place near Bhanjanagar). Ghumusar Bhanja rulers significantly contributed to the development of Odia literature during the Riti Yuga/Bhanja Yuga phase like Balabhadra Bhanja, Tribikram Bhanja, Dhanajaya Bhanja, Ghana Bhanja and Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja.
The Ghumusar branch ended during the rule of Dhananjaya Bhanja II in 1835, when the British annexed the Ghumusar region after suppressing the Ghumusar rebellion of 1835–36.

Gallery

See also
 List of rulers of Odisha

References

Further reading

External links
 "Indian royal princesses transform family palace into hotel dubbed 'a living museum'.  The Belgadia Palace is located in the princely province of Mayurbhanj, in the country's eastern Odisha state". By Neeta Lal, "The National", Nov. 4, 2021

Dynasties of India
Dynasties of Odisha
Hindu dynasties
History of Odisha