title: Salagena irrorata

text:
Salagena irrorata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of Kenya
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1914


title: Salagena meyi

text:
Salagena meyi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Namibia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Namibia
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2007


title: Salagena mirabilis

text:
Salagena mirabilis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Angola.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Endemic fauna of Angola
Moths described in 1919


title: Salagena narses

text:
Salagena narses is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of Kenya
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1916


title: Salagena nigropuncta

text:
Salagena nigropuncta is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Niger and Senegal.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1919


title: Salagena obsolescens

text:
Salagena obsolescens is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in South Africa.

The larvae possibly feed on Sonneratia alba.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of South Africa
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1910


title: Salagena reticulata

text:
Salagena reticulata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of South Africa
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1925


title: Salagena tessellata

text:
Salagena tessellata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1897


title: Salagena transversa

text:
Salagena transversa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Togo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1865


title: 2014 Miami Beach Bowl

text:
The 2014 Miami Beach Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 22, 2014, at Marlins Park in Miami, Florida.  The first edition of the Miami Beach Bowl, it featured the American Athletic Conference co-champion Memphis Tigers against the BYU Cougars.  It began at 2:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that comprised the conclusion of the 2014 FBS football season.

Memphis defeated BYU in double overtime by the score of 55–48. Afterwards, the two teams engaged in a bench-clearing brawl.

Team selection
The game featured the American Athletic Conference co-champion Memphis Tigers against the BYU Cougars.

This was the first meeting between these two teams.

BYU Cougars

In April 2014, organizers announced that they had reached a deal with BYU to play in the inaugural Miami Beach Bowl in 2014. After defeating the UNLV Rebels for their sixth win of the season on November 15, bowl director Carlos Padilla II extended an invitation to play in the game.

This was BYU's third Florida bowl game, following the 1976 Tangerine Bowl where they lost to Oklahoma State 21–49, and the 1985 Citrus Bowl where they lost to Ohio State 7–10.

Memphis Tigers

After finishing the regular season with a 9–3 record and a share of the American Athletic Conference championship, the Tigers accepted their bid to the Miami Beach Bowl.

This was Memphis' second Florida bowl game, following the 2008 St. Petersburg Bowl (the inaugural contest for that bowl game) where they lost to the South Florida Bulls by a score of 14–41.  This was the Tigers' first bowl appearance since that game.

Game summary

Statistics

Post-game

Brawl
During the post game celebration Memphis players ran towards the BYU sideline to celebrate with their fans sitting behind the BYU bench (due to the bizarre baseball stadium field layout, most of the people in attendance could only sit on the BYU side of the field).  Some bumping and shoving occurred and one Memphis player was pushed in the back by a BYU player that was allegedly also being pushed from behind.  The Memphis player he pushed then turned around and (using both hands) punched/shoved the BYU player in the back of the head.  As the BYU player turned his attention back to the attacker in an apparent attempt to retaliate he threw a punch and he was attacked by 3-4 Memphis players and an all out, bench-clearing brawl ensued.  Punches and kicks were thrown by many players on both sides, one Memphis player even used a helmet as a weapon, and when it was over, numerous players walked off the field bloody and bruised.  As the brawl was dying down a BYU player (Kai Nacua) can be seen coming into view and sucker punching a Memphis player (Alan Cross), who was not wearing a helmet, from behind.  As the BYU player turned toward the camera's view, a bloodied bruise could be clearly seen from a punch he received while attempting to defend himself from another Memphis player earlier in the brawl.

Aftermath

Tom Holmoe, BYU's athletic director, apologized to BYU fans stating, "We expect better of our athletes, even in the face of a difficult loss. We intend to fully review this matter. I apologize to Cougar Nation." Memphis said in a statement via AAC commissioner Mike Aresco that they are displeased with the Miami Beach Bowl brawl, and that, "The university will respond accordingly following this detailed review. Needless to say, we are extremely disappointed that this happened, as we expect the highest standard of conduct from our student-athletes."

On January 20, 2015, The University of Memphis announced the completion of an internal review of the incident and expected punishments to be levied against twelve members of the team.  BYU also took action to punish their players. Kai Nacua, Trey Dye, Sione Takitaki, and Tomasi Laulile were all suspended for BYU's season opener against Nebraska.

References

2014–15 NCAA football bowl games
2014
2014
2014
Brawls in team sports
College football controversies
2014 controversies in the United States
Controversies in Florida
2014 in sports in Florida
2010s in Miami
December 2014 sports events in the United States
Violence in sports
2014


title: 2014 Boca Raton Bowl

text:
The 2014 Boca Raton Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game that was played on December 23, 2014 at FAU Stadium on the campus of Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida.  The first edition of the Boca Raton Bowl, it featured the Conference USA champion Marshall Thundering Herd against the Mid-American Conference champion Northern Illinois Huskies.  The game began at 6:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that concluded the 2014 FBS football season.  Marshall beat Northern Illinois by a score of 52–23.

Teams
The game featured the Conference USA champion Marshall Thundering Herd against the Mid-American Conference champion Northern Illinois Huskies.

This was the eighth overall meeting between these two teams, with Northern Illinois previously leading the series 4–3. The previous time these two teams met was in 2001.

Marshall Thundering Herd

After finishing the regular season with a 12–1 record and winning their first Conference USA championship over the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs by a score of 26–23, the Thundering Herd accepted their bid to the Boca Raton Bowl.

This was Marshall's second Florida bowl game; they had previously won the 2011 Beef 'O' Brady's Bowl, defeating the FIU Panthers by a score of 20–10.

Northern Illinois Huskies

After finishing the regular season with an 11–2 record and winning the MAC Championship Game over the Bowling Green Falcons by a score of 51–17, the Huskies accepted their bid to the Boca Raton Bowl.

This was Northern Illinois' second bowl game in South Florida; in their most high-profile game to date, they had appeared in the 2013 Orange Bowl, losing to the Florida State Seminoles by a score of 31–10.

Game summary

Scoring summary

Source:

Statistics

References

External links
 Box score at ESPN

Boca Raton Bowl
Boca Raton Bowl
Marshall Thundering Herd football bowl games
Northern Illinois Huskies football bowl games
Boca Raton Bowl
Boca Raton Bowl


title: Shimonia fischeri

text:
Shimonia fischeri is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it has been recorded from south-eastern region of the Congo Basin.

The wingspan is 45 mm for females.

Etymology
The species is named in honour of botanist Professor Dr. Eberhard Fischer.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Moths described in 2013


title: 2014 Bahamas Bowl

text:
The 2014 Bahamas Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game that was played December 24, 2014 at Thomas Robinson Stadium in Nassau in the Bahamas. The first edition of the Bahamas Bowl featured the Central Michigan Chippewas of the Mid-American Conference against the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers of Conference USA. It began at 12:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that concluded the 2014 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen fried chicken restaurant chain, the game was officially known as the Popeyes Bahamas Bowl.

Western Kentucky beat Central Michigan, 49–48.

By the middle of the third quarter, the Chippewas had fallen behind the Hilltoppers by a score of 49–14, but they scored four unanswered touchdowns and so near the end of the fourth quarter were down by only seven points.

With one second remaining on the clock, Central Michigan had the ball on their own 25 yard line. The would-be final play started with a 45-yard Hail Mary pass from QB Cooper Rush to receiver Jesse Kroll. As Kroll was being tackled he lateraled the ball to teammate Deon Butler, who darted 20 yards before lateraling to Courtney Williams. With no room to run, Williams executed a quick third lateral pass to star receiver Titus Davis who ran the final 13 yards and dove towards the pylon, scoring a touchdown that would have tied the game with a kicked extra point and sent the game into overtime, but instead Central Michigan attempted a two-point conversion for the win, which was unsuccessful. Had the try succeeded, it would have marked the largest comeback in bowl history and tied the largest comeback in any FBS game. The play was nominated for an ESPY Award.

Chippewas quarterback Cooper Rush threw seven touchdown passes, setting a new NCAA bowl game record.

This was the first postseason bowl game to be played outside the United States since the 2010 International Bowl at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Canada.

Teams
The game featured the Central Michigan Chippewas of the Mid-American Conference against the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers of Conference USA.

This was a rematch of both teams' most recent bowl appearance. The 2012 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl saw Central Michigan defeat Western Kentucky by a score of 24–21.

Central Michigan Chippewas

After finishing the regular season with a 7–5 record, the Chippewas accepted their bid to the Bahamas Bowl.

Western Kentucky Hilltoppers

After finishing the regular season with a 7–5 record, the Hilltoppers accepted their bid to the Bahamas Bowl.

Weather and attendance
The game was played in brilliant sunshine, temperature of 79 degrees and a light, but steady, breeze from the SSE of 8 mph.
The announced attendance was 13,667, but USA Today reported that attendance at the 15,000-seat Thomas Robinson Stadium in downtown Nassau was considerably sparser. The lower sections of the stadium, in direct sunlight, were nearly deserted as the few hundreds of spectators clustered in the upper rows, in the shade. The small stands behind both end zones were closed off.

Game summary
This game saw WKU get off to a fast start, leading 42-14 at halftime. After building a 49-14 lead, CMU mounted a historic comeback scoring 34 unanswered points in the 4th quarter. CMU forced a 3 and out on WKU in the 4th quarter, which resulted in a punt that landed in the end zone.

Final play of the game
CMU found themselves down 49–42 with one second left on the clock at their own 25 yard line after a punt by the Hilltoppers. Cooper Rush threw a pass down field 48 yards, which was caught by Jesse Kroll. Kroll then lateraled the ball to Deon Butler for 10 yards, who was chased down from behind but managed to lateral it back to Courtney Williams. Williams ran forward 2 yards and threw the ball laterally to Titus Davis. Davis then ran to the sideline being chased by 4 WKU defenders and managed to dive into the corner of the end zone, hitting the pylon with the football. The play resulted in a touchdown for the Chippewas that pulled them within 1 point. However, their ensuing 2 point conversion failed as Rush's pass to the back of the end zone fell incomplete, resulting in a 49–48 WKU win.

Scoring summary

Source:

Statistics

See also
2006 Michigan State vs. Northwestern football game, the only time in FBS history that a team successfully rallied from a 35-point deficit
2006 Insight Bowl and 2016 Alamo Bowl (January), which share the record for the largest bowl comeback

References

External links
Box score at ESPN

Bahamas Bowl
Bahamas Bowl
Central Michigan Chippewas football bowl games
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football bowl games
December 2014 sports events in North America
Bahamas Bowl


title: Shimonia oyiekeae

text:
Shimonia oyiekeae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it has been recorded from Lubumbashi and Kolwezi.

The wingspan is 37 mm. The forewings are light ochre with patches of dark ochre at the costal margin. There is a dark ochre discal spot in the centre of the median cell and a dark ocher oblique waved subterminal line. The hindwings are cream ochreous.

Etymology
The species is named in honour of Dr Helida Achieng Oyieke.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Moths described in 2013


title: Shimonia splendida

text:
Shimonia splendida is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1968. It is found in the north-eastern part of Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda.

References

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1968


title: Shimonia timberlakei

text:
Shimonia timberlakei is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where it has been recorded from Eala.

The wingspan is 38 mm for males and 41 mm for females.

Etymology
The species is named after Jonathan Timberlake, the editor of Flora Zambesiaca.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Moths described in 2013


title: 2014 Camellia Bowl

text:
The 2014 Camellia Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game that was played on December 20, 2014 at Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama.  The first edition of the Camellia Bowl, it featured the Bowling Green Falcons of the Mid-American Conference against the South Alabama Jaguars of the Sun Belt Conference.  The game began at 8:15 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that concluded the 2014 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by the Raycom Media broadcasting company and was officially known as the Raycom Media Camellia Bowl.

The Jaguars accepted their invitation after finishing the regular season with a 6–6 record.  The Falcons had a record of 7–6.

Bowling Green won the game by a score of 33–28.

Team selection
The game featured the Bowling Green Falcons of the Mid-American Conference against the South Alabama Jaguars of the Sun Belt Conference.

This was the first meeting between these two teams.

Bowling Green Falcons

After the Falcons finished the season with a 7-6 record and won the MAC East Division title, they accepted their invite to the Camellia Bowl.

This was the Falcons' third bowl game in Alabama; they had previously won the 2004 GMAC Bowl over the Memphis Tigers by a score of 52–35, and later lost the 2008 GMAC Bowl to the Tulsa Golden Hurricane by a score of 63–7.  Coincidentally, the GMAC Bowl (now known as the GoDaddy Bowl) was and is played in Mobile, where South Alabama's campus is located.

South Alabama Jaguars

After the Jaguars finished the regular season with a 6-6 record, bowl director Johnny Williams extended an invitation to play in the game.

This was the first time South Alabama has ever played in a bowl game, seven years after football was approved, five years after the program kicked off, and two years after they joined the Football Bowl Subdivision.

Game summary

Scoring summary

Source:

Statistics

References

External links
Game statistics at camelliabowl.com

Camellia Bowl
Camellia Bowl
Bowling Green Falcons football bowl games
South Alabama Jaguars football bowl games
December 2014 sports events in the United States
Camellia Bowl


title: Squamura celebensis

text:
Squamura celebensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Sulawesi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Squamura roepkei

text:
Squamura roepkei is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland areas.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1982


title: Squamura tenera

text:
Squamura tenera is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Java.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Teragra althodes

text:
Teragra althodes is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of South Africa
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1920


title: Teragra angulifascia

text:
Teragra angulifascia is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Sierra Leone.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1929


title: Teragra cammae

text:
Teragra cammae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Namibia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Namibia
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 2007


title: Teragra clarior

text:
Teragra clarior is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cameroon.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic fauna of Cameroon
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1929


title: Teragra conspersa

text:
Teragra conspersa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in South Africa.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Endemic moths of South Africa
Metarbelinae
Moths described in 1855


title: S. L. Blackwell

text:
S. L. Blackwell (born ca. 1833) was a California miner and Assemblyman (1875–76 and 1877–78) representing Nevada County. A native of North Carolina, he arrived in California via Tennessee in 1853, and resided at Moores Flat and Snow Point, while developing a gravel mine. A member of the Democratic Party, Blackwell served as chairman of the Assembly's Committee on Mines and Mining.

References

1830s births
Year of death missing
Members of the California State Assembly
People of the California Gold Rush
People from Nevada County, California


title: Type 34

text:
Type 34 may refer to:
Volkswagen Type 34, a variant of the Volkswagen Karmann Ghia
Bugatti Type 34 U-16, a car produced by Bugatti
Slingsby Sky (Slingsby Type 34 Sky), a high performance single seat competition sailplane
Type 34, USAF reporting name for Beriev Be-6, a Soviet flying boat


title: Hard Rain Falling

text:
Hard Rain Falling is a 1966 crime novel written by Don Carpenter. The novel was Carpenter's first published book, and follows the adventures of Jack Levitt, an orphaned teenager living off his wits in the fleabag hotels and seedy pool halls of Portland, Oregon.

Upon its release the book was heralded as a readable, grim, and masterful debut. "…a first novel . . . of remarkable quality, written with authority, detachment and an almost uncanny, deadpan intelligence," wrote Martin Seymour-Smith in The Spectator, adding "I have seldom come across a new novel in which such compelling readability coexists with such absolute seriousness of purpose and keenness of psychological insight."  Kirkus said that as a book "it's stringent, it's strong, and intensely alive."

In 2009, the book was re-published by New York Review Books as part of their Classics series, prompting positive reviews by The Washington Post and The Independent.

Summary
In the late 1940s Jack Levitt, abandoned at birth, runs away from an orphanage to bum around the streets of Portland. He takes to frequenting pool halls and befriends a group of teenaged delinquents, including Denny Mellon. Newly arriving in Portland is Billy Lancing, a black sixteen year old pool prodigy determined to make it on his own through hustling. Billy is quickly hustled by Denny who later introduces him to Jack. Billy is immediately frightened by Jack, however Jack has the opposite feeling towards Billy and immediately feels kinship and warmth towards him. Jack bets on Billy's skills during a game of pool with a local prodigy and wins the bet. The three later make plans to have a party at the home of the Weinfelds, friends of Denny's who are on vacation. Unbeknownst to Billy, Denny and Jack plan to fleece Billy at the party though they never follow through with the plan. During the evening Jack is envious of Denny, who plans to join the marines, and Billy, who has a talent for pool, and is frustrated with his own lack of a future. The following morning Jack is arrested for trespassing and is sent to a juvenile detention centre.

Years later, as a young adult in San Francisco, Jack runs into Denny again. The two men have had difficult experiences: Jack survived solitary confinement in juvenile detention and worked as a boxer while Denny experienced trauma in the Korean War and has taken to a life of petty crime. Denny introduces Jack to his girlfriend, Sue, and her friend Mona and though Jack and Sue are attracted to one another he begins sleeping with Mona. Running out of money Jack has a falling out with Denny and drinks himself into a stupor trying to reflect on what he wants out of life. He is later arrested in his hotel room where he learns that Sue and Mona are underage and have accused him of kidnapping and trafficking them. A county D.A. tells Jack that pleading to the kidnapping charge that he is not guilty of will lead to the charges of statutory rape being dropped against him. Jack reluctantly cooperates however the local judge does not play along and Jack is eventually sentenced and sent to Chino. In Chino Jack is placed in a cell with Billy Lancing who has conned his way into the white section of the segregated prison. Billy recounts how his life hustling in pool eventually led to a large score in which he earned enough to go to university. While in school Billy met a woman and married her, however he found traditional life unsatisfactory and was eventually convicted of cheque forgery. The two men eventually become lovers. After a while Billy confesses to Jack he loves him while Jack, who feels the same, remains unwilling to vocalize his feelings. Billy later murders a fellow inmate who had been planning to rape Jack and in the process is murdered himself.

At the age of 26 Jack is released from prison and tries to build a life in San Francisco. While working at a bakery he draws the ire of a wealthy young customer and is subsequently fired. She apologizes to Jack and offers him a job and the two quickly begin a sexual relationship. Sally offers to take Jack to Vegas where they quickly marry. Afterwards she explains that her money came from alimony which is being cut off now that she has remarried. Sally attempts to educate Jack, introducing him to important works of literature and art. Jack works as a parking attendant and decides after a while that children are what give meaning to life. He and Sally have a son that Jack names Billy Lancing Levitt.

Sally and Jack have a tempestuous marriage as she struggles to survive on his working class salary and revolts against motherhood. After she abandons young Billy without a babysitter Jack finally divorces her. He is shocked when she wants sole custody of their child, revealing that she is to marry Myron Bronson, a former friend and billionaire who had long been in love with her. Bronson tells Jack he wants to adopt Billy and he, Billy and Sally move to Paris.

Years later while vacationing in Saint-Tropez, Bronson begins hatching a plan to get sole custody of young Billy as he has tired of Sally but still loves his son. He hopes to one day tell Billy the truth about his father without Billy loathing or pitying Jack.

References

American thriller novels
1966 American novels
Novels set in Oregon
Novels set in Portland, Oregon
NYRB Classics


title: Mayerbreen

text:
Mayerbreen is a glacier in Haakon VII Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier has a length of about twelve kilometers. It originates from Neubauerfjellet, and debouches into the bay of Mayerbukta in Möllerfjorden. The glacier is named after Louis Benoit Joseph Mayer, counsellor of Albert I, Prince of Monaco. The mountain of Snødomen is located between the glaciers of Mayerbreen and Tinayrebreen.

References

Glaciers of Spitsbergen


title: Emma Jensen

text:
Emma Jensen (born 25 November 1977) is rugby union player for  and Auckland. She was a member of three successful Rugby World Cup campaigns in 2002, 2006, and 2010.

Jensen scored 20 points in her sides semifinal win against France at the 2006 Rugby World Cup.

Jensen was named in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. In 2015, she made the squad to tour Canada for the inaugural Women's Rugby Super Series. Between 2002 and 2015, she made 49 test appearances for the Black Ferns.

References

External links
Black Ferns Profile

1977 births
Living people
New Zealand women's international rugby union players
New Zealand female rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
Auckland rugby union players
Waikato rugby union players
Hawke's Bay rugby union players
Barbarian F.C. Women players


title: Deuteragenia ossarium

text:
Deuteragenia ossarium, the bone-house wasp, is a species of pompilid wasp discovered in southeast China in 2014. It was named after graveyard bone-houses or ossuaries, from its characteristic use of a vestibular cell filled with dead ants which is built by the female wasp to close the nest after she lays her eggs.

This technique is theorized to make the species' nests less vulnerable to predatory enemies than nests of other sympatric trap-nesting wasps, possibly by utilizing chemical cues in odors from the dead ants to camouflage the nest from predators, or repel them.

The ant most frequently found in the vestibular cell was Pachycondyla astuta, an aggressive species with a potent sting. D. ossarium parasitism rates were significantly lower than other cavity-nesting wasp species.

In 2015, the International Institute for Species Exploration names it as "Top 10 New Species" for new species discovered in 2014.

References

Pompilidae


title: Type 35

text:
Type 35 may refer to:
Type 35 torpedo boat, a torpedo boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine
Bugatti Type 35, a car produced by Bugatti
Type 35 rifle, a weapon used by the Imperial Japanese Navy
Type 35R Raceabout, a car produced by Mercer - see Mercer (automobile)


title: 0 to 100 / The Catch Up

text:
"0 to 100 / The Catch Up" is a song recorded by Canadian rapper Drake. It was released on July 15, 2014, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Republic Records. The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 30, 2015, for selling over 1 million digital copies in the United States.

Composition
"0 to 100 / The Catch Up" is a two part song with a length of six minutes and eight seconds. The first song, "0 to 100", is a stripped-back hip hop song that sonically and thematically resembles Drake's "Started from the Bottom" from his third studio album, Nothing Was the Same (2013). Instead of "starting from the bottom", "0 to 100" speaks of the rapper going from zero to one-hundred in order to gain ground on all of his competition. The second half of the song, titled "The Catch Up", features a sample of an unreleased James Blake song, and contrasts the boisterous claims of the first half with a pensive promise: that "if [Drake] hasn't passed you yet, watch [him] catch up now."

Critical reception
The song received critical acclaim from music critics, appearing on several year-end top 10 lists. In July 2014,  Billboard listed "0 to 100" as one of the "10 Best Songs of 2014 (so far)" saying that "months after releasing another hit album, Drizzy returned briefly to take it from '0 to 100' with careening bars punctuated by boasts like 'If I ain't the greatest, then I'm headed for it'." The magazine also listed the track as the best rap song of 2014. Rolling Stone listed the song as one of the "50 Best Songs of 2014", stating that it is "six minutes that pan across the whole Drake saga". HipHopDX named the song as one of the "Top 10 Singles of 2014".

The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards.

Usage in media
The song was used in a Sprite commercial starring Drake and Nas. The commercial was supposed to promote a limited-edition line of Sprite cans with hip-hop lyrics printed on them called "Obey Your Verse". The Sprite line featured the "Know yourself, know your worth" lyric from this song.

The lyric "She gon' be upset if she keep scrollin' to the left, dawg / She gon' see some shit that she don't wanna see" is referenced in Letterkenny 1x06 "A Fuss in the Back Bush".

The song is also featured in the NBA 2K16 basketball videogame soundtrack and is usually played during Golden State Warriors pre-match cutscenes as Warriors player Stephen Curry is mentioned in the song.

Remixes
The instrumental became very popular among hip-hop artists, with several rappers such as the late XXXTentacion, Cassidy, Fat Trel, Remy Ma, David Stones, Montana of 300, G-Eazy, G-Unit (50 Cent, Lloyd Banks, Tony Yayo, Young Buck and Kidd Kidd), Gudda Gudda, Jin, Joell Ortiz, Lil Durk, Meek Mill, Ace Hood, Kurt Rock, Juice Box Boys, Papoose, Problem, Rich Homie Quan, Soulja Boy, Stiz Grimey, YFN Lucci, Uncle Murda, Vado, Waka Flocka Flame, Lil Mouse, Wiz Khalifa, Alpha Wann, Ernia and Stormzy recording their own versions of the song. The instrumental was used at the 2014 BET Hip Hop Awards for an on-stage cypher featuring various artists.

Personnel
Adapted from TIDAL and comments to HNHH.

 Drake – vocals, songwriting
 Boi-1da – production
 Noel Cadastre – recording, additional drum programming

"0 to 100"

 Boi-1da – production, songwriting
 Vinylz – songwriting
 Frank Dukes – songwriting, sample producer
 Chester Hansen – bass (uncredited; songwriter on sample)

"The Catch Up"

 Nineteen85 – co-production
 40 – co-production
 James Blake – songwriting, sample producer (uncredited)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Drake (musician) songs
2014 songs
2014 singles
Song recordings produced by 40 (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Boi-1da
Song recordings produced by Vinylz
Songs written by Drake (musician)
Songs written by Vinylz
Songs written by Boi-1da
Songs written by 40 (record producer)
Songs written by Frank Dukes
Songs written by Nineteen85


title: Michael James Down

text:
Michael James Down is a songwriter from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is best known as a composer and lyricist of several pop songs performed by other artists, many of them in national pre-selections of the Eurovision Song Contest.  He has worked with American popstar/rapper Sean Paul, the Japanese girlgroup MAX and in 2018 it was revealed that he'd written six of the songs for Russian pop star Sergey Lazarev's album 'The One' which charted at number 1 in Russia.

Discography

Entries in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest
 "Señorita" by Carlos Higes, Spain, (Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2022), 6th place

Entries in national Eurovision pre-selections

2012
 "This Must Be Love" by Ana Mardare (Romania 2012), 13th place

2013
 "Meðal Andanna" by Birgitta Haukdal (Iceland 2013), 3rd place
 "Hullócsillag" by Mónika Hoffmann (Hungary 2013), eliminated (semi-final)
 "I Need a Hero" by Samanta Tina (Latvia 2013), 2nd place
 "One" by Niko (Latvia 2013), 6th place
 "Paralyzed" by Andrei Leonte (Romania 2013), 12th place in final
 "I Believe in Love" by Diana Hetea (Romania 2013), 12th place (semi-final)
 "Runaways" by Boris Covali (Moldova 2013), 2nd place
 "Freaky Thong" by Nicoleta Gavriliţă (Moldova 2013), 6th place
 "A Brighter Day" by Tatiana Heghea (Moldova 2013), 8th place
 "Celebrate" by Cristina V. & Glam Girls (Moldova 2013), 12th place
 "Coma" by Margarita Ciorici (Moldova 2013), eliminated (semi-final)
 "In My Head" by Alexandru Şendrea (Moldova 2013), eliminated (semi-final)

2014
 'It's Not Impossible" by Michael James (Switzerland SRF internet candidates 2014), did not qualify
 "Somebody Like You" by Daria Kinzer (Switzerland SRF internet candidates 2014), did not qualify
 "My Little Honey Bee" by Dennis Fagerström (Finland 2014), eliminated (semi-final)
 "Love Will Take Me Home" by Franklin Calleja (Malta 2014), 7th place
 "Waterfall" by Joni (Hungary 2014), eliminated (semi-final)

2015
 "Boom!" by Michael James (Switzerland RTS qualifiers 2015), did not qualify

2016
 "Wrong Answers" by Michael James (Switzerland SRF internet candidates 2016), did not quality
 "Alive" by Jasmine Abela (Malta 2016), 6th place
 "All Around the World" by Deborah C (Malta 2016), 11th place
 "United" by Rūta Ščiogolevaitė (Lithuania 2016), 3rd place
 "Good Enough" by Annica Milán & Kimmo Blom (Finland 2016), 5th place
 "Don't Wake Me Up" by Tuuli Okkonen (Finland 2016), 9th place

2017
 "Let's Come Together" by NAPOLI (Belarus 2017), Joint 4th place
 "Tonight" by Deborah C & Josef Tabone (Malta 2017), 7th place
 "Sacrifice" by Mia (Lithuania 2017), 5th place (quarter-final)
 "Þú hefur dáleitt mig"/"Hypnotised" by Aron Brink (Iceland 2017), 4th place
 "I Won't Surrender" by MIHAI (Romania 2017), 2nd place

2018
 "Back to Life" by Eleanor Cassar (Malta 2018), 5th place
 "Devoted" by Johnny Bădulescu (Romania 2018), 4th place (semi-final)
 "Try" by Xandra (Romania 2018), 9th place
 "Heaven" by MIHAI (Romania 2018), 7th place
 "Somebody to Love" by Manuel Chivari (Romania 2018), 7th place (semi-final)
 "Chasing Rushes" by NAPOLI (Belarus 2018), Joint 4th place
 "Dišem" by Nina Petković (Montenegro 2018), 5th place
 "Powerful" by Donata Virbilaitė (Lithuania 2018), 12th place (quarter-final)
 "Alien" by Felicia Dunaf (Moldova 2018), 8th place
 "Aldrei gefast upp"/"Battleline" by Fókus (Iceland 2018), 5th place

2019
 "Ja sam ti san" by Andrea Demirović (Montenegro 2019), 3rd place
 "Weight of the World" by Nicola (Romania 2019), eliminated (semi-final)
 "Underground" by Vaida (Romania 2019), 6th place
 "I Will Not Surrender" by Maxim Zavidia (Moldova 2019), 2nd place

2020
 "Don't Let Me Down" by NAPOLI (Belarus 2020), 9th place

2022
 "Do svidaniya" by ARIS (Romania 2022), eliminated (semi-final)
 "Washing Machine" by Queens of Roses (Lithuania 2022), 8th place

2023
 "Love You Like That" by Jake (Malta 2023), eliminated (quarter-final)
 "Haunted" by Lyndsay (Malta 2023), eliminated (quarter-final)
 "Love Again" by Skrellex (Norway 2023), 7th place

Other notable songs

References

British composers
Living people
Musicians from Belfast
1988 births


title: Pakistan Taekwondo Federation

text:
The Pakistan Taekwondo Federation (PTF) is the national governing body to develop and promote the sport of Taekwondo in the Pakistan. The federation is headquartered in Rawalpindi.

History
Taekwondo was introduced in Pakistan by Korean Consulate in Karachi in 1962. The federation was established in 1977 and granted affiliation by World Taekwondo. In 1982, the federation was affiliated with the Pakistan Olympic Association (POA) and Pakistan Sports Board (PSB).

Affiliations
The federation is affiliated with:
 World Taekwondo
 Asian Taekwondo Union
 Pakistan Olympic Association
 Pakistan Sports Board

National Championship
Taekwondo is regular part of biannual National Games. The federation organize annual National Taekwondo Championship.

Associated Bodies
The following bodies are affiliated with the federation:

Provincial
 AJK Taekwondo Association
 Sindh Taekwondo Association
 Gilgit-Baltistan Taekwondo Association
 Baluchistan Taekwondo Association
 Punjab Taekwondo Association
 KPK Taekwondo Association
 Islamabad Taekwondo Association

Departmental
 Higher Education Commission
 Pakistan Police
 Pakistan Railways
 Pakistan Navy
 Pakistan Army
 Pakistan Air Force
 Pakistan WAPDA

References

External links
 Official Website

National members of the Asian Taekwondo Union
Sports governing bodies in Pakistan
1977 establishments in Pakistan
Sports organizations established in 1977


title: IndieWebCamp

text:
IndieWebCamp is a technology BarCamp that was founded in Portland, Oregon and has since been held all over the world, including at the offices of the New York Times and in Brighton, England. It describes itself as a 2-day creator camp focused on growing the independent web, and spawned the IndieWeb movement.

The event was founded by Tantek Çelik, Amber Case, Crystal Beasley and Aaron Parecki, with an aim to empower everyone to publish to their own websites, while still reaching their contacts on "silo" sites like Twitter and Facebook.

While the attendees of the original events were largely technologists; journalists, bloggers and media professionals have begun to attend in order to gain greater control over their own content online.

IndieWebCamp 2014

IndieWebCamp 2014 was held simultaneously in Portland, OR, New York, NY, and Berlin, Germany. Attendees spoke to each other over WebRTC video chat, and collaborated on hackathon projects.

References

External links
 IndieWebCamp official page

Events in Oregon
Recurring events established in 2011
Web-related conferences
Unconferences


title: Type 36

text:
Type 36 may refer to:
Bugatti Type 36, a car produced by Bugatti
Peugeot Type 36, a car produced by Peugeot
Bristol Type 36 Puma Tourer, a British civil utility biplane
Type 36, a Chinese clone of the M3 submachine gun, manufactured in 1947


title: Montezuma, Tennessee

text:
Montezuma is an unincorporated community in Chester County, Tennessee.

Geography
The community is situated on Tennessee State Route 225.

History

The area now known as Montezuma was first settled in about 1820. Joseph Johnson, Wesley and Nehemiah Burkhead were among the first settlers. The first store in Montezuma was owned by J. R. Wamble.
In the 1850s and 1860s when the railroad was being built in West Tennessee the people of Montezuma did not want it built through their community. The railroad was therefore routed through Henderson, which over time became the larger community.
Montezuma was a part of McNairy County until Chester County was formed. Montezuma and Henderson were both proposed as the County Seat for the newly formed Chester County, but Henderson won by a large margin.
In July 1975 the Montezuma Post Office was discontinued and consolidated with the Post Office in Henderson.

References

Chester County Tennessee History and Families 1882 - 1995, Copyright 1995 Chester County Historical Society
 History of Montezuma Tennessee
 A Brief History of Chester County

Unincorporated communities in Chester County, Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
Jackson metropolitan area, Tennessee


title: Development of Deus Ex

text:
An approximately 20-person team at Ion Storm developed Deus Ex, a cyberpunk-themed action-role playing video game, over the course of 34 months, culminating in a June 2000 release. Team director and producer Warren Spector began to plan the game in 1993 after releasing Ultima Underworld II with Origin Systems and attempted the game both there and at Looking Glass Technologies before going into production with Ion Storm. Official preproduction began around August 1997, lasted for six months, and was followed by 28 months of production. Spector saw their work as expanding on the precedent set by Origin, Looking Glass, and Valve.

In preproduction, six people from Looking Glass's Austin studios focused on the setting ahead of the game mechanics, and chose a story centered around prominent conspiracy theories as an expression of the "millennial madness" in The X-Files and Men in Black. Spector felt that the development process's highlights were the "high-level vision" and length of preproduction, flexibility within the project, testable "proto-missions", and Unreal Engine license. Their pitfalls included the team structure, unrealistic goals, underestimating risks with artificial intelligence, their handling of proto-missions, and weakened morale from Daikatana bad press. The game was published by Eidos Interactive and released on June 23, 2000 for Windows 95 and later versions, whereupon it earned over 30 "best of" awards in 2001.

Preproduction

 After Warren Spector released Ultima Underworld II with Origin Systems in January 1993, he began to plan Troubleshooter, the game that would become Deus Ex. Noting his wife's fascination with The X-Files, he connected the "real world, millennial weirdness, [and] conspiracy stuff" topics on his mind and decided to make a game about it that would appeal to a wider audience. He also considered cyberpunk influences that came from around 1978 when he was participating in a themed Dungeons & Dragons campaign created and led by Bruce Sterling, who had adapted that campaign based on the choice Spector and the other players made. Troubleshooter, in contrast to the other games he had been making at Origin, would have been a "real-world role-playing game", relying more on player choices and assuring that every player could reach the end of the game but in the manner they choose.

In his 1994 proposal to Origin, he described the concept as "Underworld-style first-person action" in a real-world setting with "big-budget, nonstop action" starring an ex-cop "security specialist". He described the project as "high" risk for its "technological unknowns" as "probably the toughest project on his wish list". It failed to get to production. He later left Origin for Looking Glass Technologies near the time that they were producing Thief: The Dark Project, but kept the idea in mind. For Thief, he tried to suggest buffing the character more so that the player could opt to fight through levels instead of sneaking, the original intent of the game, but the team didn't take to these ideas. He continued to change his character and game system plans for Troubleshooter, though the game he then called Junction Point did not reach production at Looking Glass. Spector wrote that the timing was not yet ripe because the business teams were not interested, the technology was not yet feasible, he did not have an interested team or the resources to make one, and that publishers did not want a "first-person, cross-genre game". Spector, himself, was also tired of unrealistic fantasy and alien settings. Frustrated at Looking Glass, Spector sought employment elsewhere and was nearly about to sign a contract with Electronic Arts, when John Romero of Ion Storm approached him. When Romero offered him a chance to make his "dream game" without any restrictions, Spector was immediately on board.

Preproduction began around August 1997 and lasted about six months. The six-person team came from Looking Glass's Austin studios. Spector, the team's director and producer, saw their work as improving upon the foundation provided by Origin, Looking Glass, and Valve by doing what those companies did not. The game's working title was Shooter: Majestic Revelations, with a scheduled release of Christmas 1998. The working title was meant to be ironic because they did not want the game to be solely a first-person shooter. They worked on the setting ahead of the game mechanics, and decided on a conspiracy-style story that referenced existing conspiracy theories such as Area 51, CIA drug trafficking, the John F. Kennedy assassination, the Majestic 12, and a Masonic underground bunker beneath Denver International Airport. Spector said their research helped them understand how conspiracy theorists think. The team was also able to look to the real world in 1997 to find the rise of stories about terrorists and mechanically-augmented soldiers that they were able to build upon. They also used this time to work out the backstory for constancy. The team designed over 200 characters without associated in-game roles, which was both helpful when designing missions and unhelpful as they attempted to reduce their scope. In the third quarter of 1997, Spector wrote a "manifesto" on his ideal game and the "rules of role-playing" that was later published in the February 1999 Game Developer magazine. His principles included "problems, not puzzles", "no forced failure", "players do; NPCs watch", and "areas with multiple entrance and exit points". Reflecting, Spector felt that Deus Ex accomplished the intent of his manifesto.

The Shooter design document set the player as an augmented agent working against an elite cabal in the "dangerous and chaotic" 2050s. Its subtitle was "roleplaying in a world of secrets, lies, and conspiracies". It was written to be similar in concept to Half-Life, Fallout, Thief: The Dark Project, and GoldenEye 007, and to mix elements of the films Colossus: The Forbin Project, The Manchurian Candidate, and RoboCop in a world inspired by The X-Files and Men in Black—examples of "the millennial madness that's gripping the world ... and a general fascination with conspiracy theories and the desire to play with high-tech espionage toys".

The preproduction team also tweaked the game systems. They chose a skill system that used nanotechnology augmentation, unique to the player character, as "special powers" instead of "die-rolls" or skills that required granular management. They also built a conversation structure based on console role-playing game setups, and drafted the augmentation upgrade, inventory, and skill screens. They also designed an in-game text editor for taking notes, and "reward systems" for skill points, reduced weapon and tool cooldowns, and augmentation upgrades. Preproduction had generated 300 pages of documentation by March 1998. The document grew to 500 pages with "radically different" content by their April 1999 Alpha 1 deadline. Of Spector's original design document, the marketing section was the only part left unedited.

Production

In early 1998, after six months of preproduction, the Deus Ex project grew to a 20-person team and entered a 28-month production phase. Spector hired new staff in their Austin studio and was also assigned a Dallas-based art team. The development team consisted of three programmers, six designers, seven artists, a writer, an associate producer, a tech, plus two writers and four testers as contractors. Chris Norden was the lead programmer and assistant director, Harvey Smith the lead designer, Jay Lee the lead artist, Sheldon Pacotti the lead writer, and Spector producer and director.

The team had many disagreements, and Spector's original staff setup crumbled. When two experienced designers vied for the lead designer position, Spector chose both and made two design teams: the "Looking Glass design team" or "immersive simulation group" led by Harvey Smith (System Shock, Ultima VIII: Pagan) and the "Ultima roleplaying team" or "traditional roleplaying group" led by Robert White (Ultima Online, Ultima IX: Ascension as "Bob White"). He initially thought their competition would be easily managed and fruitful, but neither team felt second to the other and Spector had to merge the teams and choose a single designer, Smith, to lead it. He felt that the matrix management structure under which the Dallas art team worked for the project but were not the project's staff hurt the game's progress. Some of the artists were not interested in Deus Ex, and Spector wrote that "the art department drifted a bit". He said that the matrix management structure created tension and problems, and was generally against the idea due to how it worked at his previous studios Origin and Looking Glass. Though his stance won out and the project received dedicated artists, Spector lamented that the game could have been improved for not having matrix management in the first place. He wrote that he learned about the importance of team member personal investment in the game, the preemptive benefits of addressing personnel concerns as they arise, and the usefulness of a chain of command even when consensus works.

Spector described the team as interested in multiple genres of gaming, consisting of both maximalists who wanted to "do everything" and minimalists who wanted to do few things well. Close friends who understood the team's intents were invited to test the game and give feedback. The wide range of input led to debates in the office and changes in the game. In his postmortem, Spector concluded that the team was "unrealistic, blinded by promises of complete creative freedom" and by "assurances" of budget, marketing, and no time restraints, which he called "seductive traps". By mid-1998, the game's title had become Deus Ex, from the Latin literary device deus ex machina ("god from the machine") whereby an impossible plot is resolved by an unpredictable intervention. Spector acknowledged its grammatical faults as a title and added that he liked it because of the in-game struggle for power, the reference to the medium's own plot difficulties, the reference to the game inside a computer machine, and the "self-referential" acceptance of trying one's best to resolve affairs. The game was published by Eidos Interactive and released on June 23, 2000 for Windows 95 and later versions. They also planned third-party ports for Mac OS 9 and Linux.

Spector felt that the development process's highlights were the "high-level vision" and length of preproduction, flexibility within the project, testable "proto-missions", and Unreal Engine license. Their pitfalls included the team structure, unrealistic goals, underestimating risks with artificial intelligence, their handling of proto-missions, and weakened morale from bad press. He referred to that period of Ion Storm as "Sturm und Drang" with its degree of hype and as a target of vitriol following Daikatana "suck it down" trash talk marketing and what Spector saw as negative press in 1998 and 1999. He said that his Austin team had "frequent" slumps in morale from taking the company's coverage personally and seeing their private emails posted online. Spector wrote that "too many talented people" interested in Deus Ex did not join because they refused to work at Ion Storm. He added that the company's notoriety did contribute to their press coverage from major outlets, more so than during his time at Origin or Looking Glass. Eventually, the Deus Ex Austin team developed a we'll show them' mentality" to distinguish their work and reputation from the Dallas-based Daikatana and Anachronox Ion Storm releases, which Spector considered toxic.

World and character design

The original 1997 design document for the game privileges character development over all other parts, including experimental sequences and technology demos. They wanted players to consider "who they wanted to be" in the game, and for that to be connected to how they behaved in the game. In this way, the game world was "deeply simulated": real and common sense enough to be believed that the player may think about solving the game problems in creative and emergent ways without seeing distinct puzzles. The developers also wanted "choice" with "consequence"—what Spector called the team's "two most frequently uttered words". Their simulation was not able to maintain that level of openness, and the team had to force "skill", "action", and "character interaction" paths through the levels. Spector compared this technique to the practices of Ultima developers, though he felt his team did it "more consciously and ... effectively". Spector later credited Konami's 1995 role-playing video game Suikoden as an inspiration, stating that the limited choices in Suikoden inspired him to expand on the idea with more meaningful choices in Deux Ex.

The game changed greatly over the course of production, but parts that remained consistent include the augmented counterterrorist protagonist JC Denton. The anti-terrorism organization UNATCO was originally TLC, the Terrorist Limitation Coalition. Ally Tracer Tong was more of a "mercenary" than a "kindly anarchist", while enemies like UNATCO's Joseph Manderley went from "ruthless bastard" to "stuffy bureaucrat" and Majestic 12's Bob Page and assassin Anna Navarre played more of a background role. Many of the original character ideas were reshaped to fit the final game design. The Majestic 12 organization originally intended to initiate a Mexican invasion of Texas and then suffocate the presidential cabinet by killing their oxygen supply. When this failed, their artificial intelligence kills the organization and retreats to outer space with nuclear weapons. Some of the plot and characters were brought to the final version, except that Majestic 12 is clandestine and focused on controlling the Internet. Though Spector originally pictured the game as akin to The X-Files, lead writer Sheldon Pacotti felt it ended up more like James Bond. Spector himself called the game "James Bond meets The X-Files". He wrote that the team overextended itself by planning such elaborate scenes, especially parts such as a replica of downtown Austin, Area 51 reconstructed from satellite data, a sunken post-earthquake Los Angeles, a raid to free thousands of prisoners of war from a Federal Emergency Management Agency-controlled United Nations concentration camp, and over 25 missions throughout Siberia, western Europe, and the United States.

 Designer Harvey Smith suggested a streamlined plot that removed the Mexican invasion to make development easier and the narrative more personal. While finished assets were repurposed, entire parts of the game were abandoned, including Texas and the Denver airport. Environments such as a flooded city became a Majestic 12 research site and the endgame Helios space station became Area 51. He also made the call to remove a playable mid-game White House level due to its complexity and production needs in other areas. Pete Davison of USgamer referred to the White House and presidential bunker as "the truly deleted scenes of Deus Ex lost levels". Spector referred to his "dream" level—the White House—as their "toughest map challenge". The team has speculated that the assets may exist on a "DVDs in someone's attic", though Pacotti, Smith, Spector, and the final release have no trace of them. Pacotti felt that the experience of rescuing Paul was worth cutting the White House from the game.

Testing revealed that their idea of a role-playing game based in the real world was more interesting in theory than actuality. They chose two real-world inspirations for levels: "highly interconnected, multi-level" spaces and places one cannot normally visit (such as the White House). In practice, they felt that some functions of the real world, such as hotels and office buildings, were not compelling in a game, and that "reality" always lost when up against "fun". Their recreations of notable locations and items such as the Statue of Liberty and payphones were questioned when they did not emulate the actual site or function. Internally, the team began to doubt their investment in a non-player character-driven game as sufficiently interesting. Spector was swayed by this widespread sentiment to have "monsters and bad guys", and the team increased the prominence of several robots and added genetically-altered animals that still fit the story.

Design

The game was designed to be "genre-busting"—partly simulation, role-playing game, first-person shooter, and adventure. Spector intended for Deus Ex to be an "immersive simulation" similar to Ultima Underworld by removing reminders of the game world such as interface or backstory. He described the game's role-playing elements as the player-character becomes a "unique alter ego" built from the ramifications of their unique gameplay decisions. Similar to a first-person shooter, the game uses a first-person perspective and includes shooting, but there are other non-violent gameplay options. Like an adventure game, Deux Ex is primarily based on a linear narrative story and item collection, though its puzzles are open-ended with many possible solutions and consequences. Ion Storm felt the game was about player expression rather than the appearance of the developers' ingenuity, and wanted to treat the player as a "collaborator" that they could empower to make choices and deal with consequences.

Once implemented, the team's game systems did not work as intended. They built prototypes of the systems and some missions towards the beginning of development, which uncovered some of their blind spots. For example, their early implementation of the conversation system and user interface afforded them enough time to revise by the final release. They also found the augmentations and skills to not be as interesting in implementation as they seemed in the design document. Developers from other companies, such as Doug Church, Rob Fermier, Marc LeBlanc, and Gabe Newell, identified these deficiencies in game "tension" when they played the prototype. This led to a substantial revision of the augmentations and skills; Smith designed an augmentation per-use "energy cost" that led to energy refill rewards and more tactical play.

Their milestones served as wake-up calls for the game's direction. A May 1998 "proto-mission" milestone was to have a basic but functional demo of the crucial game systems and two maps (the White House and Hong Kong) ready. The team worked on the riskiest parts of the game first such that the core game would be functioning, albeit not polished. The demo revealed that the size of their maps caused performance problems and would have to be divided into smaller maps. It also was one of the first signs that maps needed to be cut. The team forgot to prototype the non-player character artificial intelligence in this demo. A year later, in May 1999, they reached a milestone for finished game systems and the first two missions completed. While the player could start the game and character, use augmentations, acquire inventory, complete objectives, and save the game, their poor quality and comments from Newell led Spector to nickname the milestone the "Wow, these missions suck" milestone. They felt that their first demos showed their potential, but they were not nearly close to reaching it. This milestone also helped them estimate the work required for missions and the portions that worked best, which led to a trim of their 500-page design manual to the best 270 pages. Spector recalled Smith's mantra here: "less is more".

Smith had "an intimacy" with the level design tools such that he could sense when the design met the game's technical restrictions, like the maximum possible size or number of characters for a room. He suggested the narrower skill tree with palpable effects, such as exchanging skills about weapon damage for more accessible weapons. The team adopted the cuts, having been encouraged by the recent milestone. Spector has said that had they waited for the beta to have made the same reductions (as per common practice), "it would have been a disaster." Spector's post-proto-mission strategy was to bring the rest of the missions to proto-mission functionality rather than perfecting the two existing proto-missions. He felt that this would be a more efficient use of staff time, even if it meant that the final product would be more "bare-bones" than brilliant. Almost all of their game systems besides the inventory and conversation schemes were rethought up through the end of the project.

They also made choices about the minutiae of game mechanics. The team chose to pause the action while the player was viewing interfaces as to keep the strategy tactical, and to make the affinity of strangers and purpose of items "instantly recognizable". Spector said that the issue of naming the player-character almost incited a "holy war", though they compromised and let the player choose in exchange for a common "code name and backstory". They also saved the cinematic cutscene work for last so as not to repeat work as things changed during development.

Spector wrote that the team did not figure out how to handle NPC AI until late in development. This led to wasted time as the team discarded their early AI. They were also building atop their game engine's shooter-based AI instead of building a customized version anew to handle the spectrum of convincing emotions they wanted from their characters. As a result, NPC behavior was variable until the very end of development. Spector felt that their "sin" was their inconsistent display of a trustable "human AI".

Technology

 The game was developed on systems including dual-processor Pentium Pro 200s and Athlon 800s with eight and nine-gigabyte hard drives, some using SCSI. The team used "more than 100 video cards" throughout development. Deus Ex was built using Visual Studio, Lightwave, and Lotus Notes. The team also built a custom dialogue editor, ConEdit. They used UnrealEd atop the Unreal game engine for map design, which Spector wrote was "superior to anything else available". Their trust in UnrealScript led them to code "special cases" for their immediate mission needs instead of more generalized multi-case code. Even as team members expressed concern, the team only addressed this later in the project. To Spector, this was a lesson to always prefer "general solutions" over "special casing", such that the tool set works predictably.

They waited to license a game engine until after preproduction, expecting the benefits of licensing to be more time for the content and gameplay. They chose the Unreal engine as it did 80% of what they needed from an engine and was more economical than building from scratch. Their small programming team allowed for a larger design group. The programmers also found the engine accommodating, though it took about nine months to acclimate to the software. Spector estimated that six to nine months of playing with the engine were necessary to learn how to use it properly, and even still, their ideas did not always implement as planned. Spector thought it would have been much harder to have written the interfaces, skill systems, and conversations on their own. Despite the savings, the time Spector thought they would save not writing an engine was lost learning the engine, though they did have more time to work on content creation and gameplay systems. Spector also felt that they would have understood the code better had they built it themselves, instead of "treating the engine as a black box" and coding conservatively. He acknowledged that this precipitated into the Direct3D issues in their final release, which slipped through their quality assurance testing. Spector also noted that the artificial intelligence, pathfinding, and sound propagation were designed for shooters and should have been rewritten from scratch instead of relying on the engine. He thought the licensed engine worked well enough that he expected to use the same for the game's sequel and Thief 3. He added that developers should not attempt to force their technology to perform in ways it was not intended, and should find a balance between perfection and pragmatism.

Post-release

Though their quality assurance did not see major Direct3D issues, players noted "dramatic slowdowns" immediately following launch, and the team did not understand the "black box" of the Unreal engine well enough to make it do exactly what they needed. Spector characterized Deus Ex reviews into two categories based on how they begin with either how "Warren Spector makes games all by himself" or that "Deus Ex couldn't possibly have been made by Ion Storm". He has said that the game won over 30 "best of" awards in 2001, and concluded that their final game was not perfect, but that they were much closer for having tried to "do things right or not at all".

References

Notes

References

Sources

Deus Ex
Deus Ex
Deus Ex


title: Togetherness

text:
Togetherness may refer to:

Solidarity

Film and TV
Togetherness (film), a 1970 film by Arthur Marks
Togetherness Supreme, a 2010 Kenyan film
Togetherness (TV series), a 2015 HBO series

Music

Albums
Togetherness (Don Cherry album), 1966
Togetherness, a 1967 album by Allan Sherman
Togetherness (L.T.D. album), 1978
Togetherness, a 1960 album by Lenny Bruce
Togetherness, a 2003 album by Gretchen Phillips
Togetherness, a 2005 album by Ronnie Aldrich

Songs
"Togetherness", a 1955 song by Johnny Desmond
"Togetherness", a 1958 song by Andy Griffith
"Togetherness", a 1960 song by Frankie Avalon
 covered by Michael Preston, 1960
"Togetherness", a 1968 song by Freddie Hart
 covered in 1970 by Buck Owens and Susan Raye
"Togetherness", a 1975 song by reggae singer Clinton Fearon
"Togetherness", a 1977 song by Horace Silver
"Togetherness", a 2010 song by The New Pornographers
"Togetherness", a song by Ray Charles on the 1973 album Jazz Number II
"Togetherness", a song by Don Cherry from the albums Togetherness (1966) and Orient (1974)

See also
 Together (disambiguation)


title: Rajinder Singh Sparrow

text:
Major General Rajinder Singh, MVC & bar (3 October 1911 – May 1994) was an Indian Army officer and a two time member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament. He was nicknamed 'Sparrow'.

Career
Singh served in the ranks of the British Indian Army from 3 October 1932 to 31 January 1938. He attended the Indian Military Academy, Dehra Dun, and was commissioned onto the Unattached List, Indian Army on 1 February 1938. He spent the next year attached to The King's Regiment (Liverpool), a British Army regiment, stationed on the North West Frontier. He was then admitted to the Indian Army and joined the 7th Light Cavalry on 24 February 1939. He was promoted to lieutenant on 30 April 1939, and served during World War II. He was promoted temporary captain and acting major on 16 April 1942, to war-substantive captain and temporary major on 9 January 1943 and to substantive captain on 31 January 1945.

Singh opted to join the Indian Army upon the partition of India in 1947, and commanded the 7th Light Cavalry from September 1947 to May 1949. He was twice awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, the second highest military decoration in India, the first for his role during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, for outstanding leadership during the advance and capture of Jhangar (Operation Bison), and the second for displaying gallantry in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, during which he was GOC of the 1st Armoured Division.

Promoted to colonel on 30 January 1957, Singh held the appointment of regimental colonel of the 7th Light Cavalry from July 1959 to July 1969. He was appointed D. A.C., Army HQ. On 3 July 1961, he was appointed a G.O.C. commanding a division, with the acting rank of major-general.

Singh retired from the Army on 26 September 1966.  After retirement he entered politics and became a minister in the short lived Gurnam Singh ministry in 1967. Later he was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980 and 1985 for the Jalandhar constituency as a candidate of the Indian National Congress. He died in May 1994, at the age of 83.

Dates of rank

Notes

Vicky

External links

1911 births
1994 deaths
Indian generals
Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra
People from Jalandhar district
Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1984–1989
Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
State cabinet ministers of Punjab, India
Indian Army personnel of World War II
British Indian Army officers
Indian National Congress politicians


title: Mogamul

text:
Mogamul () is a 1995 Indian Tamil language film directed by Gnana Rajasekaran based on a novel of same name written by Thi. Janakiraman. The film stars Archana Joglekar, Nedumudi Venu and Abhishek, while Vivek and Vennira Aadai Moorthy play supporting roles. The score and soundtrack were composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The film opened in May 1995 to critical acclaim.

Plot
Babu is a college student and an aspiring classical vocalist. He is friends with Yamuna and her mother, who live in the same village. Yamuna is born out of wedlock, and her parents belong to different castes. So the society shuns their family and multiple prospective bridegrooms decline her.

Babu's neighbor is an old man, married to a very young an attractive woman, Thangamma. Thangamma is frustrated with her non-existent married life, and slowly gets attracted to Babu and they end up making love. Babu feels guilty about this and reveals the incident to Yamuna, and claims he now realizes he wants to marry her. But Yamuna declines saying she is 10 years elder to Babu, and also, he is destined to become a successful singer and cannot get distracted by love and women.

Thangamma is deeply in love with Babu and wants to elope with him. Babu refuses and the Thangamma kills herself in disappointment. Babu's music teacher Ranganna also dies and he is at a dead end with Yamuna not willing to marry him as well. So he leaves the village and goes absconding.

Babu's friend Raja locates him in Chennai after 3 years, and learns Babu is still thinking of Yamuna and unable to progress in his musical journey. Raja meets Yamuna, whose father had died and she and her mother are living in poverty, and tells her about Babu. Yamuna meets Babu and offers herself to him and they make love. She then encourages Babu to focus on his music now that she belongs to him.

Cast
Archana Joglekar as Yamuna
Nedumudi Venu as Ranganna
Abhishek as Babu
Vennira Aadai Moorthy
Vivek as Raja
Shanmugasundaram
Delhi Ganesh
Krishnankutty Nair
Kamala Kamesh as Ranganna's wife

Production
The film marked the directorial debut of Gnana Rajasekaran, and he chose to make an art film based on a novel written by Thi. Janakiraman.

Soundtrack
The song Kamalam Paatha is set in the Carnatic raga Ramapriya.

Release and reception
The film won critical acclaim and went on to win a National Film Award for Gnana Rajasekaran, who secured the Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director.

S. R. of Kalki appreciated the film's plot and direction and the performances of cast and crew.

References

External links

1995 films
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
1990s Tamil-language films
Films based on Tamil novels
Best Debut Feature Film of a Director National Film Award winners
1995 directorial debut films
Films directed by Gnana Rajasekaran


title: Sir John Heron-Maxwell, 4th Baronet

text:
Lieutenant General Sir John Shaw Stewart Heron-Maxwell, 4th Baronet (29 June 1772 – 29 January 1830), known as John Maxwell until 1803, was a Scottish officer in the British Army and a politician.

Life

He was the 4th son of Sir William Maxwell, 3rd Baronet, of Springkell in Dumfriesshire.  His mother Margaret was the daughter of Sir Michael Stewart, 3rd Baronet, of Blackhall, Renfrewshire.

He joined the army in 1788 as an Ensign in the 68th Foot, rising to brevet Lieutenant colonel in 1797, Colonel in 1805 and Lieutenant general in 1819.

In 1802 he married Mary Heron, the only surviving child of Patrick Heron, a founder of the Ayr Bank and MP for Kirkcudbright Stewartry. When her father died in 1803, she inherited his estates, and John changed his name to Heron-Maxwell.

His own father died the following year, and as the oldest surviving son Heron-Maxwell received a further inheritance and his father's baronetcy. He then sought the help of his friend Lord Dalkeith to find a seat in Parliament. Dalkeith's father the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch owned the Drumlanrig estate in Dumfriesshire and had a strong influence in Dumfries elections.

However, Heron-Maxwell's chance did not come until the 1807 general election, when he was returned unopposed as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dumfries Burghs. He is not known to have spoken or voted in the House of Commons, and stood down at the 1812 general election.

Having gone on half pay from the army in 1802, he resumed full-time service in 1814.

Family

His daughter Jane Stuart Heron Maxwell (1806-1886) married John Shaw Stewart.

References

1772 births
1830 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1807–1812
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
British Army lieutenant generals
68th Regiment of Foot officers
Military personnel from Dumfries and Galloway
John


title: Paeromopodidae

text:
Paeromopodidae is a family of large cylindrical millipedes of the order Julida native to the western United States of America. The family contains two genera and ten species and includes the longest millipedes in North America, with individuals reaching up to  long.

Description
Paeromopodids possess 60 to 80 body segments and range from  long and 2 to 8 mm wide as adults. Paeromopodids have distinct parallel grooves called striae on their body rings that give a somewhat roughened texture and distinguishes them from other cylindrical western millipedes. Individuals may be rather uniformly blue gray, or colored in alternating bands of light and dark brown, or may possess a dorsal lengthwise stripe of yellow or light brown.

Distribution
Paeromopodids are endemic to the United States and occur in two distinct areas: the first is a large Pacific coast range extending from Washington state to the southern Sierra Nevada and Death Valley region of California and east to the Warner Mountains straddling the borders of California, Oregon, and Nevada; and the second is a region spanning extreme northeastern Oregon, across the Idaho Panhandle to western Montana. Species of Paeromopus are generally larger than Californiulus, and occur only in California. Species of Californiulus occur in California as well as the rest of the range of the family.

Ecology and behavior
Paeromopodids are relatively active and fast-moving millipedes, with a high degree of flexibility. Many species are found under rocks or moist, rotten logs as opposed to buried in leaf litter, and species of Californiulus may prefer drier microhabitats than Paeromopus. C. blechrostriatus inhabits the arid eastern slopes of the Sierra into Death Valley, and has been found at elevations of up to 2,400 m (8,000 ft).

Species
Genus Californiulus
Californiulus blechrostriatus
Californiulus chamberlini
Californiulus dorsovittatus
Californiulus euphanus
Californiulus parvior
Californiulus yosemitensis

Genus Paeromopus
Paeromopus angusticeps
Paeromopus cavicolens
Paeromopus eldoradus
Paeromopus paniculus

References

Julida
Millipedes of North America
Endemic fauna of the United States
Fauna of the Western United States
Millipede families


title: Heliophobia (disambiguation)

text:
Heliophobia refers to light sensitivity:
 In psychology, heliophobia is the morbid fear of sunlight
 In medicine it can refer to:
 Hemeralopia, day blindness, inability to see clearly in bright light
 Photophobia, an excessive sensitivity of the eyes to sunlight. Notable causes include:
 Keratoconus, results in extreme optic sensitivity to sunlight and bright lights
 In biology, heliophobic plants or animals have an aversion to sunlight. Heliophobous plants are commonly known as "shade-tolerant".

See also
 Helium, a chemical element; other elements can be heliophilic, attracted to helium, or heliophobic, repelled by helium
 Phototropism, growth towards or away from light, particularly in plants and fungi
 Phytophotodermatitis, a potentially serious skin inflammation resulting from contact with a plant-based photosensitizing substance followed by exposure to ultraviolet light
 Porphyria cutanea tarda, a disease that causes the skin to be overly sensitive to sunlight to the point of causing blisters


title: Global Health Observatory

text:
The Global Health Observatory (GHO) is a public health observatory established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to share data on global health, including statistics by country and information about specific diseases and health measures. The GHO tracks important information like "Response to the Millennium Development Goals".

History
The GHO was formed in around 2010 from the ashes of the WHO Statistical Information System, which was "upgraded... to provide you with more data, more tools, more analysis and more reports."

In December 2012, the WHO announced that it was making improvements in its GHO to improve its accessibility and usability by "specialists such as statisticians, epidemiologists, economists and public health researchers as well as anyone with an interest in global health."

Themes

The GHO website is organized around themes. For each theme, key statistics are presented on the associated webpage, and more detailed data and reports are available for download. The themes include:

 Millennium Development Goals
 Estimates of mortality and global health
 Health systems
 Public health and environment
 Health Equity Monitor
 International Health Regulations Monitoring framework
 Urban health
 Women and health
 Noncommunicable diseases
 Substance use and mental health
 Infectious diseases
 Injuries and violence

Reception and impact

The GHO has been listed by many libraries and dataset listings as a go-to source for information on health statistics. The GHO has also been cited in work of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States.

GHO data has also been cited in academic studies on various aspects of global health, particularly for cross-country comparisons.

See also

 The World Bank data sets
 Gapminder, which compiles data on a number of indicators, including health indicators, from a variety of sources
 Human Mortality Database, which includes information on mortality and causes of mortality, but is restricted to data built from official records

References

External links

World Health Organization
Scientific databases
Health informatics


title: Brian Drolet

text:
Brian Thomas Drolet (born July 2, 1980) is an American actor, producer and writer. He is best known for acting, producing and writing Dumbbells.

Early life
Drolet was born and grew up in Queens, New York. He graduated from the University of Florida. He moved on from The University Of Florida's expressive arts school with a degree in Electronic Intermedia. Subsequent to graduating he moved back to NY, he began as a performing artist yet started to compose and create his own movies also. Brian cherishes all mediums of creative expression including painting and has even does a lot of stand-up comedy. While in Los Angeles, in addition to numerous film and TV jobs Brian additionally filled in as Head Writer for TruTVs portray comedy/theatrical presentation, "Six Degrees of Everything" delivered by Marc Summers Productions. He additionally featured in "Cinedopes", a scripted digital arrangement he made, delivered, and co-composed for YouTube with comedian Ben Gleib (Host of GSN's Idiotest) about the primary film theater to offer weed at its snack bars. Before that his film "Free weights", a comedy he co-composed, created, and featured in as Chris Long, a fallen b-ball star, was discharged dramatically in fifteen urban communities and VOD at the same time. On that motion picture he got the chance to work with comedy legend Carl Reiner, and in addition Tom Arnold, Jay Mohr, Mircea Monroe, the unparalleled Fabio, and Jaleel White. He delivered his first indie at age twenty-six, "2 Dudes And A Dream," where he worked with Jason Mewes, Andy Milonakis and Simon Rex and it was dispersed carefully by Warner Bros. and speaks to his invasion into creating and composing. Brian additionally featured in front of an audience in the honor winning play "Women Are Crazy Because Men Are Assholes" and additionally a progression of one-act plays called "Hollywood Shorts." He has likewise acted in a few TV and film jobs including Disney's Pair of Kings and in addition to different hidden camera tricks gaining experience in comedy on MTV's Damage Control to MTV's Disaster Date where his characters extended from a shabby male stripper to a hearing impaired wanna-be rapper. Brian likewise worked with Jonah Hill and Anthony Anderson on the Oxygen network indicate Campus Ladies and also Matt LeBlanc, Chevy Chase, and Ali Larter in the parody include "Lovesick" which opened up the 2014 Newport Beach Film Festival. Likewise on his resume are twelve or more non mainstream highlights where he worked with stars extending from Danny Trejo to Busy Philipps, and additionally the comedy pilots "Damaged Goods" and "Naked But Funny," a comedy pilot from New Wave Entertainment for Fox Broadcasting Company where he got the chance to play his idol from childhood Jim Carrey. Brian additionally was a cast individual from season one of MTV's raving success The Hills, performing stand-up comedy at the Laugh Factory in LA. Brian has likewise showed up in advertisements and plugs for Nike, Inc., White Castle, Sunkist, Miller Lite, Budweiser, Pepto-Bismol, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Pepsi, Perry Ellis, Calvin Klein, and some more.

Filmography

Films

Television

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
Television personalities from New York City
Film producers from New York (state)
American male screenwriters
Male actors from New York City
People from Queens, New York
University of Florida alumni
Screenwriters from New York (state)


title: Norman Rothfield

text:
Norman Rothfield  (26 January 1912 – 4 June 2010) was an English-born Australian peace and labour activist.

Rothfield was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1934, aged 22, he was elected to Marylbone Borough Council, representing the Labour Party. In 1934 he married Evelyn Dell, and in 1939 migrated to Australia. He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1941 and the Jewish Council to Combat Fascism and Anti-Semitism, of which he became an executive member in 1942. He worked as a women's garments manufacturer and a builder, and promoted the establishment of the State of Israel. In 1947 he became president of the council of the Victorian Jewish Board of Deputies. He ran for election several times on the Labor platform, and campaigned against nuclear weapons and the Vietnam War.

Although he had promoted the establishment of Israel, Rothfield also campaigned vigorously for a separate Palestinean state, and established the Paths for Peace journal in 1974 which supported a negotiated settlement. He established the Australian Jewish Democratic Society in 1984 in response to lack of progressivism in the Jewish community. He and his wife Evelyn were awarded Medals of the Order of Australia in 1998, shortly after Rothfield's memoir, Many Paths to Peace (1997), was published. He published another book, The Trial of God, in 1998. Evelyn died in 2006, but Rothfield remained physically active throughout his nineties. He died in 2010.

References

1912 births
2010 deaths
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
British emigrants to Australia
British Jews
Australian Jews
Jewish British activists


title: Hafiz Alam Sairani

text:
Hafiz Alam Sairani is Vice President of West Bengal State Congress Committee(WBPCC). Sairani joined Indian National Congress on 3rd November 2022 after resigning from all post of All India Forward Bloc. He is former Secretary of All India Forward Bloc  and former Secretariat Member of Left Front State Committee. Hafiz resigned from All India Forward Bloc on 23rd September 2022. He is former Relief and Co-operative Minister of the Left Front government in West Bengal.

A commerce and education graduate, he is a teacher by profession. He was a state secretariat member and central committee member of the Forward Bloc. And also the member of state Left Front.

He was elected MLA from Goalpokhar in 1996 and 2001.

Early life
Born in 1960 at Binardah, a small village of Uttar Dinajpur. Sairani belongs to a Bengali Muslim family which had produced another famous son, Ex MLA and well known politician Ramzan Ali was his elder brother. His father was also a very well known person in that region and was a landlord. A former student of Chakulia High School, Chakulia, Uttar Dinajpur, Sairani studied Commerce from Calcutta University, Kolkata, and secured his M.A degree, and started working in Chakulia High School as a teacher.

Career
In 1994, Sairani was elected as a Legislative Assembly Member for the first time. His constituency was Goalpokhar. He was given charge of the Uttar Dinajpur district by the party. He was also given charge of the Relief department of West Bengal Government. Due to his good image he was also given the charge of Cooperative department.

References

All India Forward Bloc politicians
Living people
West Bengal MLAs 1991–1996
West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001
West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006
People from Uttar Dinajpur district
1960 births
20th-century Bengalis
21st-century Bengalis


title: Defense Grid 2

text:
Defense Grid 2 is a 2014 tower defense video game developed by Hidden Path Entertainment and published by 505 Games. As a sequel to the 2008 Defense Grid: The Awakening, the game was crowd-funded on Kickstarter in 2012 and released on Windows, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4 on September 23, 2014. Linux and OS X versions were released on October 15, 2014, and the Nintendo Switch version was released on February 7, 2019.

Gameplay

The player takes on the role of the commander, tasked with defending bases, colonies, space stations, and outposts from waves of aliens attempting to grab and escape with the power cores housed in each location. The player views the game from a top-down perspective and has the ability to build various towers that attack and route the path for the waves of aliens. Once an alien reaches the power core housing, it will make its way back towards the exit. If the alien is killed on its way back, the core will drop and slowly float back to the core housing. Different towers provide various abilities that are good against different types of aliens so the player must build a strategy to defend the cores against all waves of aliens.

Killing aliens gains resources along with slow generation of interest over time. Resources are used to build and upgrade towers which can be sold at a loss. Tower upgrades increase various statistics including fire power and range. Most towers are similar to those in the original game. However, a new tower type to Defense Grid 2 is the boost tower. It does no damage on its own but it blocks the path of aliens like regular towers and can be used as an inexpensive means of controlling the path of aliens. Additionally, towers built on top of a boost tower allow extra upgrades and a better line-of-sight.

The aliens in Defense Grid 2 come in a variety of types. Some are weak but they run very quickly. Others are slow yet heavily armored. Other types have force field shields. Different towers are effective against each of these kinds of aliens. Waves are queued at the top of the user interface with icons representing what types of aliens will be in the wave, allowing the player to plan their tower placement and strategy ahead of time.

At the beginning of each level, the player can choose a special ability or none at all. Among the options is the orbital laser which makes its return from the original game. The orbital laser allows the player to manually fire a large burst of energy at a group of aliens after it has charged, a process taking several minutes.

Development
Hidden Path Entertainment started their Kickstarter campaign for Defense Grid 2 on July 10, 2012. It received $271,726 on August 14 that year, only enough to fund an 8-level expansion, Defense Grid: Containment, for the original game which bridges the story gap between the original game and Defense Grid 2. The expansion was released on January 23, 2013 after a beta with the Kickstarter backers. However, $1 million was needed to fund the complete sequel so Hidden Path began reaching out to investors. A deal was made with video game enthusiast, DG2 Kickstarter backer, and angel investor Steven Dengler to fund the completion of Defense Grid 2. A suggestion website was made available to backers and later to the general public where people contributed ideas for inclusion in the game. One result of this was the boost tower, a very cheap tower that blocks the path of the aliens and also upgrades other towers built on top of it.

Hidden Path developed their own engine for the game. When the game was nearing completion, publisher 505 Games signed on to make it possible to bring the game to consoles. DG2 was made available to backers with a limited set of levels before its full release on September 23, 2014.

Reception

Defense Grid 2 received positive reviews from critics following its release. Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the PC version 81/100, the Xbox One version 78/100, the PlayStation 4 version 77/100, and the Nintendo Switch version 73/100.

Dan Stapleton of IGN gave the game 8/10, praising its replayability factor with the inclusion of modifiers for the towers, maps and levels, while criticizing the writing of the singleplayer campaign's story and the multiplayer gameplay for being "slow and crippled" compared to singleplayer. Emanuel Maiberg of PC Gamer, giving the game 83/100, remarked that the game "isn't doing anything I haven't seen in previous tower defense games, but it does it all so well."

References

External links

2014 video games
505 Games games
Alien invasions in video games
Cooperative video games
Crowdfunded video games
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Kickstarter-funded video games
Linux games
MacOS games
Indie games
Nintendo Switch games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 4 games
Science fiction video games
Tower defense video games
Video games with Steam Workshop support
Video games developed in the United States
Video game sequels
Windows games
Xbox One games
Hidden Path Entertainment games


title: National Collegiate Hockey Association

text:
The National Collegiate Hockey Association (NCHA) is a defunct national organization of men's college- and university-level  ice hockey programs in the United States. The NCHA used to be known as the Collegiate Ice Hockey Association (CIHA) and the National Association of Intercollegiate Hockey (NAIH). The association was primarily composed of American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) Division III teams from the Northeast.

History
The NAIH was formed in 2011 as an alternative to the ACHA for hockey teams that wanted a lower cost for membership and a high level of competition. However, many teams in the NCHA were also members of the ACHA.

In the spring of 2013, the NAIH changed its name to the CIHA and after the 2013-14 season changed its name to the NCHA.

In July 2014, the NCHA was sanctioned by the United Hockey Union, a branch of Amateur Athletic Union.

Teams
For the 2015–16 season, the NCHA had four conferences: North Eastern (New York), South Eastern (Pennsylvania/West Virginia), South Western (California) and the Independent Conference. The champion of each conference receives an automatic bid to Nationals.

North Eastern Conference
East Division
Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Hamilton College
Le Moyne College
Union College
West Division
D'Youville College
Medaille College
St. John Fisher College
SUNY Brockport
University at Buffalo

South Eastern Conference
California University of Pennsylvania
Community College of Allegheny County
Penn State Altoona
University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg
West Virginia University

South Western Conference
Cal Lutheran
Chapman
UC San Diego
UC Santa Barbara
Ventura College

Independent Conference
Denison University
Otterbein University
Washington & Jefferson College
Wittenberg University

Founders Cup Champions
The 2012–13 season was the first year the NAIH held a national tournament. The national championship trophy was dubbed the Founders Cup.

See also
British Columbia Intercollegiate Hockey League (BCIHL)

References

External links
 NCHA official website
 @NCHAicehockey
 United Hockey Union official website

College ice hockey in the United States
Ice hockey governing bodies in the United States
College club sports associations in the United States


title: Sigmund Mandl

text:
Sigmund S. Mandl (1898-1976) was the founder of the Husky Wrench manufacturing company. His brother Hugo was born in Úsov.

On January 29, 1924, he founded Husky Wrench in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with two partners, at about the time he filed his first patent. After selling the business Mandl went to Blackhawk Manufacturing in 1931, and became one of their two chief design engineers. Later, he was General Manager of Die-Mold Corporation, while continuing to hold his position at Blackhawk.

Mandl received a number of patents for tool design, including:

A monument was dedicated in his memory in Milwaukee's Agudas Achim Cemetery, August 7, 1988.

References

Businesspeople from Milwaukee

Czech Jews


title: Eleanor Mercein Kelly

text:
Eleanor Mercein Kelly (August 30, 1880 - October 11, 1968) was an American writer of fiction and nonfiction. She wrote one biographical study, The Chronicle of a Happy Woman: Emily A. Davison (1928), but is best known for her romantic fiction, most of which was set in exotic locales. She was widely traveled, and used her travels as inspiration for her novels. Four of her stories were adapted to film and one on Broadway.

Life and career

Early years
Kelly, daughter of Thomas Royce Mercein and Lucy Schley Mercein, was born into a prominent and wealthy Milwaukee family.  Prior to high school, Kelly attended the Seventh Ward school in Milwaukee, where she won first place in sight reading and had the highest general average in the school.

Georgetown Visitation Monastery (High School Years)
For her high school years, Kelly's parents made the decision to send her to the Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, a Roman Catholic boarding school in Washington D.C. She later showed her approval of this decision, and spoke of her parents' wisdom in sending her to a school which was "steeped in tradition and leisurely atmosphere, where predilection for writing...could have full play for expansion." She was mentored in writing by a nun who was herself a noted writer, Mary Paulina Finn, who published as M. S. Pine. Kelly later reminisced, "I used to spend long days under a rose bower writing. Often they brought my lunch out to me." In 1898, Kelly was graduated from the school with honors, the valedictorian of her class.

Move to Louisville

After her marriage to Robert M. Kelly in 1901, Kelly settled in Louisville, Kentucky.  She later explained, "I dearly love Milwaukee, but I simply cannot write here."  The Kentucky environment inspired her, and she furiously began to write. The result was three novels featuring Kentuckian characters and setting, titled Kildares of Storm (1916), Why Joan? (1918), and The Mansion House (1923). She had written one novel previously, Toya the Unlike (1913), but it was not well received by critics. Later, Kentucky's novelty wore off, and she turned to more exotic locales for inspiration and setting.

Kelly was the director of the Louisville Arts Club and held memberships in the Louisville Woman's Club, Colonial Dames of America, and the National Arts Club of New York.

Later life
In 1950, after years of penning mainly short stories, Kelly returned to novel writing with the book Richard Walden's Wife, a story partly based on family diaries. The next year, she released Proud Castle, a novel about the Magyars of Hungary. She died on October 11, 1968, in Louisville. She was cremated and buried in a family lot in Milwaukee.

Writings
Eleanor Mercein Kelly wrote a total of fifteen books, including fourteen novels and one biographical study, in addition to numerous short stories published in magazines such as the Ladies Home Journal, Collier's, The Century Magazine, Munsey's Magazine, the Harper's Monthly, and The Saturday Evening Post.

List of known works

Fiction
 Toya the Unlike (1913)
 Kildares of Storm (1916)
 Why Joan? (1918)
 The Mansion House (1923)
 Basquerie (1927)
 The Book of Bette (1929)
 Arabesque (1930)
 Spanish Holiday (1930)
 Nacio, His Affairs (1931)
 Sea Change (1931)
 Sounding Harbors (1935)
 Mixed Company (1936)
 Richard Walden's Wife (1950)
 Proud Castle (1951)

Nonfiction
 The Chronicle of a Happy Woman: Emily A. Davison (1928)

Short stories
(This is an incomplete list.)
 "A Friend of Jimmie's" (1909) (McBride's Magazine) (Lippincott's Monthly Magazine)
 "The Girl Who Forgot" (1909) (McBride's Magazine) (Lippincott's Monthly Magazine)
 "Adventures of a Recluse" (1912) (McBride's Magazine) (Lippincott's Monthly Magazine)
 "The Head of the Family" (1915) (Munsey's Magazine)
 "Hunger" (1915) (The Century Magazine)
 "Atmosphere" (1916) (Munsey's Magazine)
  "La Bella Gina" (1926) (The Harper's Monthly)
 "Michaelmas Moon" (1934) (Saturday Evening Post)
 "Polonaise" (1935) (Saturday Evening Post)
 "Where But in England?" (1938) (Saturday Evening Post)

Adaptations of works

Film

Broadway

References

External links

1880 births
1968 deaths
Writers from Milwaukee
American women writers
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Kentucky women writers
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School alumni


title: Code page 668

text:
Character set
The following table shows code page 668. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half of the table (code points 128–255) is shown, the first half (code points 0–127) being the same as code page 437. This code page is supported by PTS-DOS and FreeDOS. Code page 668 is Polish, code page 852 compatible, provides national characters on the same points as with code page 852, but is limited to Polish glyphs only, thus preserves more graphical characters.

There is also another definition of code page 668 but unfortunately there is no information where it is used.

References

668