title: 1936 Maccabiah Games

text:
The 2nd Winter Maccabiah () was the second edition of the Winter Maccabiah that took place from February 18 to 22, 1936 in Banská Bystrica, (then Czechoslovakia). The 2nd Winter Maccabiah was the last Winter Maccabiah to be held and the last Maccabiah to be outside of Israel, although Maccabi still holds smaller regional winter games to present day.

History
After the 1st Winter Maccabiah which took place in 1933, a second Winter Maccabiah was organized for 1936. Banská Bystrica was chosen to host the Games. Over 2,000 Jewish athletes participated in the games. Following the Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, no further games were ever held. It wasn't until the collapse of Communism in 1989 that new Maccabi clubs were re-established in these areas. In 1996, on the sixtieth anniversary of the 2nd Winter Maccabiah, the Maccabi club of the Jewish community of Banská Bystrica established its own annual commemorative winter games.

Participating communities
12 nations participated.

References

Maccabiah Games
Maccabiah Games
Maccabiah Games
Multi-sport events in Czechoslovakia
Sport in Banská Bystrica


title: Mitch Brundle

text:
Mitch Ronnie Brundle (born 4 December 1994) is a former English professional football manager and player, currently managing National League South side Dover Athletic.

Career
Brundle was born in Croydon, London. He joined League One club Yeovil Town as a first-year scholar in May 2011, having formerly been a member of the youth systems of Millwall and Cambridge United. Following the completion of his two-year scholarship, he was released along with his fellow scholars.

Following his release by Yeovil, Brundle signed for League One club Bristol City. On 31 January 2014, Brundle joined League Two club Cheltenham Town on loan until the end of the season. Brundle made his Football League debut in a 1–0 victory against Newport County on 22 February 2014. Brundle returned from his loan spell at Cheltenham having made seven appearances for the League Two club. At the end of the 2013–14 season, Brundle was released by Bristol City after failing to make an appearance.

Brundle signed for Conference Premier club Braintree Town on 30 July 2014 on a one-year contract.

On 15 January 2016, Brundle joined National League South club Hemel Hempstead Town on loan for one month.

Brundle signed for Braintree's fellow National League club Gateshead on 27 June 2016 on a one-year contract. He was released by Gateshead after just one season at the club.

Following his release from Gateshead, Brundle signed for fellow National League club Dover Athletic on 28 May 2017 on a two-year contract.

Brundle signed for Dover's National League rivals Dagenham & Redbridge on 26 June 2019 on a two-year contract. He was released by Dagenham along with five others in June 2021 following the expiration of his contract.

Brundle signed for Barnet in July 2021 on a two-year contract. He left the club in January 2022 by mutual consent.

The following month he joined Farnborough. Despite gaining promotion with the club, it was announced that Brundle would leave at the end of his contract in June.

On 2 July 2022, Brundle returned to Dover Athletic following their relegation to the National League South, taking on the role of player/assistant manager. Following the departure of Andy Hessenthaler in January 2023, Brundle was given joint-caretaker charge of the first-team with academy manager Mike Sandmann. He was given the job on a permanent basis on 16 January 2023, making him the youngest manager ever in English football.

Career statistics

References

External links
Profile at the Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. website

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Croydon
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Braintree Town F.C. players
Hemel Hempstead Town F.C. players
Gateshead F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Farnborough F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
Dover Athletic F.C. managers
National League (English football) managers


title: Mary O'Shiell

text:
Mary O'Shiell (1715d. after 1745), was a French-Irish privateer shipowner and slave trader. She is a known figure in the history of Nantes, alongside her sisters Agnés O'Shiell and Anne O'Shiell.

Life

She was the daughter of the Irish Jacobite Luke O'Shiell (1677-1745), who was born in Dublin but emigrated to Nantes after the Irish defeat, and Agnès Vanasse (1690-1724). The family manor of the O'Shiell, Manoir de la Placelière, became the gathering place of the large Irish colony in Nantes. She married Antoine Walsh, a leading slave trader in the slave trade of Nantes. In 1755, the O'Shiell family became ennobled.

References

  [archive]
  [archive]
  [archive]
 a et b  [archive]
  [archive]

18th-century French businesswomen
18th-century French businesspeople
French people of Irish descent
Businesspeople from Nantes
1715 births
Year of death unknown
French slave traders
Women slave owners


title: Kepler-61

text:
Kepler-61 is a K-type main-sequence star approximately 1,100 light years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 24, 2013 it was announced that the star has an extrasolar planet (a super-Earth) orbiting in the inner edge of the habitable zone, named Kepler-61b.

Nomenclature and history

Prior to Kepler observation, Kepler-61 had the 2MASS catalogue number 2MASS J19411308+422831. In the Kepler Input Catalog it has the designation of KIC 6960913, and when it was found to have transiting planet candidates it was given the Kepler object of interest number of KOI-1361.

Planetary candidates were detected around the star by NASA's Kepler Mission, a mission tasked with discovering planets in transit around their stars. The transit method that Kepler uses involves detecting dips in brightness in stars. These dips in brightness can be interpreted as planets whose orbits pass in front of their stars from the perspective of Earth, although other phenomenon can also be responsible which is why the term planetary candidate is used.

Following the acceptance of the discovery paper, the Kepler team provided an additional moniker for the system of "Kepler-61". The discoverers referred to the star as Kepler-61, which is the normal procedure for naming the exoplanets discovered by the spacecraft. Hence, this is the name used by the public to refer to the star and its planet.

Candidate planets that are associated with stars studied by the Kepler Mission are assigned the designations ".01"  etc. after the star's name, in the order of discovery. If planet candidates are detected simultaneously, then the ordering follows the order of orbital periods from shortest to longest. Following these rules, there was only one candidate planet were detected, with an orbital period of 59.87756 days.

The designation b, derive from the order of discovery. The designation of b is given to the first planet orbiting a given star, followed by the other lowercase letters of the alphabet. In the case of Kepler-61, there was only one planet detected, so only the letter b is used. The name Kepler-61 derives directly from the fact that the star is the catalogued 61st star discovered by Kepler to have confirmed planets.

Stellar characteristics
Kepler-61 is a K-type main sequence star that is approximately 63% the mass of and 62% the radius of the Sun. It has a temperature of 4017 K and is about 1 billion years old. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old and has a temperature of 5778 K.

The star is a bit more rich in metals then the Sun, with a metallicity ([Fe/H]) of about 0.03, or about 107% of the amount of iron and other heavier metals found in the Sun. The star's luminosity is somewhat normal for a star like Kepler-61, with a luminosity of around 8% of that of the solar luminosity.

The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 15. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

Planetary system

The only known planet transits the star; this means that the planet's orbit appear to cross in front of their star as viewed from the Earth's perspective. Its inclination relative to Earth's line of sight, or how far above or below the plane of sight they are, vary by less than one degree. This allows direct measurements of the planet's periods and relative diameters (compared to the host star) by monitoring the planet's transit of the star.

Kepler-61b is a super-Earth with a radius 2.15 times that of Earth, and orbits near the inner edge of the habitable zone. It has an eccentric orbit that takes it in and out and thus experiences temperature swings, which may hinder its habitability. Also because of its radius, it may be a mini-Neptune, without a solid surface.

See also
 Kepler Mission
 List of planetary systems

References

Planetary systems with one confirmed planet
K-type main-sequence stars
Planetary transit variables
Cygnus (constellation)
1361


title: Lambert Krahe

text:
Wilhelm Lambert Krahe (15 March 1712, Düsseldorf – 2 November 1790, Düsseldorf) was a German history painter and art collector.

Life
He was the son of a government clerk. Nothing is known of his early education. He found a patron in Ferdinand von Plettenberg, who took Krahe along when he was appointed Imperial Envoy to the Papal Court in 1736. When Plettenberg died suddenly in 1737, Krahe found support from the German Jesuits. He is also said to have worked in the studios of Marco Benefial and Pierre Subleyras. His patrons at that time included Cardinal Alessandro Albani and Johann Joachim Winckelmann.

In 1749, upon the recommendation of Silvio Valenti Gonzaga, the Cardinal Secretary of State, he was pensioned to Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, on whose behalf he painted altarpieces for the Jesuit Church in Mannheim. In 1756, he became head of the Düsseldorf Art Gallery. Later, the Elector appointed him to oversee the creation of new galleries in Mannheim and  Munich. In 1761, he was commissioned to paint ceilings in the library and ballrooms at Schloss Benrath.

He started an art school in 1762. Eleven years later, his school was designated the "Electorate of the Palatinate Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Academy" (later, the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf) and Krahe became its first director. In his last years, an eye ailment prevented him from painting.

The Classical architect Peter Joseph Krahe was his son. Moritz Kellerhoven was one of his best-known students.

His art collection
Although Krahe was a very popular painter in his day, his art collection constitutes his most important achievement. Begun when he was in Rome, and expanded during travels throughout Germany, Holland and France, it came to include 332 paintings and oil sketches, as well as thousands of drawings and prints from the 15th to 18th centuries. It remains one of the world's most important collections of Italian Baroque drawings.

In 1778, the collection was purchased by the Duchy of Berg for use at the academy. Since 1932, most of it has been on permanent loan from the academy to the Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf. Smaller selections may be seen at the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne and the Louvre.

The centerpiece of the collection consists of graphic works by Raphael, Michelangelo and Paolo Veronese, with larger works by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Pietro da Cortona and Giuseppe Passeri. The collection also includes woodcuts by Albrecht Dürer, engravings by Martin Schongauer and etchings by Rembrandt.

References

Further reading

 Bibliothek Lambert Krahe: Kunstliteratur des Barock und des Klassizismus; eine Ausstellung der Universitätsbibliothek Düsseldorf, 14. November 1990 – 12. Januar 1991. Düsseldorf, 1990
 Kunibert Bering: Lambert Krahe (1712–1790). Maler – Sammler – Akademiegründer. In: Artificium – Schriften zur Kunst und Kunstvermittlung, Bd. 43, Athena-Verlag, Oberhausen 2013,

External links

 Heinrich Heine University: Bibliography for Lambert Krahe

1712 births
1790 deaths
18th-century German painters
18th-century German male artists
German male painters
German art collectors
Academic staff of Kunstakademie Düsseldorf


title: Jim Doolan

text:
James Doolan is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Seanad Éireann from 1980 to 1981. He was elected to the Administrative Panel of the 14th Seanad at a by-election in April 1980, following the election of Liam Burke to the Dáil. He was not re-elected at the 1981 Seanad election. He was an unsuccessful Fianna Fáil candidate for the Connacht–Ulster constituency at the 1979 European Parliament election. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the 1993 and 1997 Seanad elections. He is a former professor at University College Galway.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Fianna Fáil senators
Members of the 14th Seanad
Administrative Panel senators
Academics of the University of Galway


title: VA-304 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-304, nicknamed the Firebirds, was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve, based at NAS Alameda, California. It was established on 1 July 1970, and disestablished almost 25 years later, on 31 December 1994.

Operational history
1 July 1970: VA-304, a reserve squadron, established as part of a reorganization intended to increase the combat readiness of the Naval Air Reserve Force. Elements of reserve unit, VA-20G3, were used to form the newly established VA-304.
May 1987: VA-304 operated from the Canadian Forces Base Edmonton, Alberta, while participating in exercise Rendezvous 87-Bold Warrior. The exercise was a mock full-scale battle between elements of the Canadian Armed Forces with VA-304 acting as an aggressor force.
August 1988: VA-304 was the first reserve squadron to receive and operate the A-6E Intruder.

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 A-4C Skyhawk – Jul 1970
 A-7A Corsair II – 06 Aug 1971
 A-7B Corsair II – Sep 1977
 A-7E Corsair II – Sep 1986
 KA-6D Intruder – 22 Jul 1988
 A-6E Intruder – 05 Aug 1988

See also
List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
Attack aircraft
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: John Cheltenham Wake

text:
John Cheltenham Wake (1834–1882) was an English oil painter who specialised in seascape and marine art.

Biography
Parents:

John Wake (abt 1808-1868) married Sarah Cheltenham (1810-1863) on 24 Oct 1831 at St Martin in the Fields, Middlesex, England.
They had seven children including John Cheltenham Wake.

John Wake was born in Bloomsbury in about 1808, son of John Wake.
Sarah Cheltenham was born in Shaftesbury in 1810, daughter of John Cheltenham, victualler (of the Swan Inn, Shaftesbury), and Sarah Cheltenham nee Hunt.

John Cheltenham Wake:

Born 27 Sep 1834 and baptised on 19 Oct 1834 at St George Bloomsbury, Camden, Middlesex. Records show John, son of John and Sarah Wake, of Duke Street, father's occupation a coach trimmer.

1841 census: Age 6. With family at 38 Monmouth St, Finsbury, with father's occupation a coach trimmer.

1851 census: Age 16. With family at 7 Rose Square, Islington, Liverpool. John is listed as 16 years old, an apprentice gilder, born Middlesex. With parents (John 43, born Bloomsbury, London, coach trimmer, and Sarah 42 born Shrewsbury), siblings Ellen, Douglas and Alfred. NB Alfred was their only child to have a middle name of Cheltenham registered at birth.

Later censuses show the parents and rest of the family remaining in Liverpool.

1861 census: John Cm Wake, single, 25, lodger, Artist figure & marine painter.  In the Dobell household in Erith, Kent. No addresses on this page, and no number for this household.  Possibly Park Spring Terrace or Court or Place. First appearance in the records of the middle name Cheltenham. Wrong age. Should be 26.

Marriage of John Cheltenham Wake to Clara Reeves (1843-1922) on 5 Apr 1862 in Brentford, Middlesex.

Birth of son Herwald Andrew Wake in 1865, Dartford, Kent. ; baptised on 22 Oct 1871 at Holy Trinity, Blackheath Hill, Greenwich, Kent. Baptism record states born 19 Aug 1865. Son of Cheltenham and Clara Wake. Father an artist. Of Thurston Rd, Lewisham.

1871 census: 47 Thurston Rd, Lewisham. Listed as John Wake, 34, landscape artist, with Clara Wake and son Herwald Wake.  Wrong age. Should be 36.

Birth of son Cheltenham Wake Lewis (1872-8), Islington, Middlesex.  Mother Elizabeth Lewis.

Birth of daughter Katherine Mary Wake Lewis (1875–1909), Kensington, Middlesex.  Mother Elizabeth Lewis.

Birth of daughter Beatrice Betty Wake Lewis(1877–1958), Shepherds Bush, Middlesex.  Mother Elizabeth Lewis.

Birth of son Cheltenham Wake Lewis(1880–1926), Shepherds Bush, Middlesex. Mother Elizabeth Lewis.

1881 census: 3 Caxton Rd, Hammersmith. John P Lewis [presumably John Cheltenham Wake], 42, head, married, draughtsman, born Middx, Elizabeth Lewis, 40, born Ash, Kent. Kate Lewis, 6, Beatrice Lewis 3, C. Lewis 4 months.  Andrew Wake [transcribed Wales], 15, visitor, scholar, born New Cross, Kent.    Wrong age. Should be 46.

Died 1882 age 45.  Should be 47. Error in age probably due to informant error and/or ignorance of true age.

Died at 5 Caxton Rd on 18 May 1882. Probate on 5 Jan 1883, London office, stated late of 5 Caxton Rd, Shepherd's Bush and 74 Newman St, Oxford St, Middx.  Will proved by Elizabeth Lewis spinster of 1 Lime Grove, Uxbridge Road, Middx. Sole executrix. NB There was no number 5 Caxton Rd in the 1881 census so is this a typo?

Work
Leicester Arts and Museums Service owns a painting by Wake titled Landing the Catch. It is housed in The Leicester Museum & Art Gallery. The Public Catalogue Foundation digitised it as an oil painting in public ownership, in the UK's national collection.

Examples of Wake's paintings are the illustrated Landing the Catch and the work Fishermen in coastal waters at the end of the day.

See also
Public Catalogue Foundation
BBC Your Paintings
Leicester Museum & Art Gallery

References

1837 births
1882 deaths
British marine artists
19th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English male artists


title: Eno (film)

text:
Eno is a 1973 documentary short film directed by Alfons Sinniger. The subject of the film is musician Brian Eno (shortly after his departure from Roxy Music), and features the recording sessions for Eno's record Here Come the Warm Jets.

References

External links
 Eno'' at the British Film Institute

 http://dangerousminds.net/comments/here_comes_the_collapsed_lung_brian_eno

1973 films
1973 documentary films
1973 short films
Documentary films about electronic music and musicians
1970s short documentary films
1970s English-language films


title: James Norton (actor)

text:
James Geoffrey Ian Norton (born 18 July 1985) is an English film, television, and stage actor. He is known for roles in the television series Happy Valley, Grantchester, War & Peace and McMafia. He earned a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2015 for his performance as Tommy Lee Royce in Happy Valley.

Early life and education
Norton was born in Lambeth, London,<ref name=BMD>'Births, Marriages & Deaths Index of England & Wales confirms name and birthdate and lists birthplace as Lambeth. Publisher: General Register Office. Retrieved: 30 April 2021.</ref> the son of Hugh Biddulph Norton and Lavinia Jane Norman. His parents were both teachers; his father, who was born in Tanzania, was a lecturer at Hull School of Art and Design. Though originally from London, Norton's family lived in the town of Malton in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire. Norton, who grew up at the edge of the Howardian Hills in North Yorkshire, has described his childhood as "idyllic". His grandfather, Ian Norton, MBE (1923–2003), a colonial official in Tanganyika, was son of Hugh Ross Norton, OBE, Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1945 to 1962; Ian's wife, Jean (1923–2016), was daughter of Colonel Francis John Biddulph, of the Royal Engineers. The Biddulphs were a branch of an Irish landed gentry family.

Norton was educated at Bramcote Prep School (Scarborough College) in Scarborough until the age of 13 and Ampleforth College, an independent Roman Catholic (Benedictine) boarding school in the village of Ampleforth in North Yorkshire. He did work experience at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough when he was 15.

Starting in 2004, Norton read theology at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, graduating in 2007 with First Class Honours. Norton received a Fitzwilliam Travel Grant to travel to Northern India, to teach and perform for schoolchildren at 16 schools. He has said his studies were principally focused on Hinduism and Buddhism.

Norton was a member of The Marlowe Society theatre club at Cambridge, and in 2007 he played Posthumus in a production of Cymbeline directed by Trevor Nunn for the society's centenary. Norton has said that he performed in many theatre productions while at university. Norton then attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London for three years, but left in 2010 six months before graduation to take an acting assignment.

Career
Norton appeared as a classmate of Jenn in the film An Education, starring Carey Mulligan, in 2009. In 2010 he was an original cast member of Posh at the Royal Court Theatre. At the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 2010, Norton starred in That Face as Henry, an 18-year-old who has dropped out of school to care for his mentally disturbed and drug-dependent mother, played by Frances Barber. Lynne Walker of The Independent wrote of his performance: "At the centre of it all is Henry who, in James Norton's striking portrayal, is like a young caged animal." In 2011, Norton starred as Captain Stanhope in the First World War drama Journey's End. The production toured the UK from March to June and transferred to the Duke of York's Theatre in the West End from July to September. Norton then took the role of Geoffrey in The Lion in Winter at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket directed by Trevor Nunn, with whom Norton had worked at Cambridge in Cymbeline.

In the 2012 film Cheerful Weather for the Wedding, Norton played Owen, the would-be groom of a conflicted bride. He appeared in the 2013 film Rush as Formula One driver Guy Edwards. In the 2013 film Belle, he played a suitor of the title character, a mixed-race woman in 18th-century English society. Norton's television appearances include the Doctor Who episode "Cold War", in which he played a crewman on a Soviet submarine during the Cold War, and Death Comes to Pemberley, based on the P. D. James novel involving characters from Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice caught up in a murder mystery. Norton was acclaimed for his role as Tommy Lee Royce, the villain of the hit crime drama Happy Valley. Michael Hogan of The Telegraph wrote: "...the breakout star, seen in only a few small parts before this, has been the devilishly handsome James Norton, 29, as the heinous killer Royce, whom he has played with impressive depth." As the first series came to its dramatic conclusion, Norton commented, "8 million people are currently wishing me dead." Norton confirmed he would be appearing in the second series of Happy Valley at the 2015 BAFTAs and continued in the role in the third series.

From 2014 to 2018 Norton played crime-solving vicar Sidney Chambers alongside Robson Green as Police Inspector Geordie Keating in the ITV series Grantchester, based on the stories by James Runcie. Grantchester was his first starring role. A second series was broadcast in early 2016. A third series went into production in autumn 2016, and aired in both the UK and the U.S. in late spring and early summer 2017. A fourth series began filming in June 2018, and it was confirmed that this would be Norton's final series.

He also appeared in the 2014 films Northmen: A Viking Saga and Mr. Turner, a biographical drama on the life of the artist J. M. W. Turner by director Mike Leigh. In 2015 Norton played Duncan Grant in the BBC Two mini-series about the Bloomsbury Group, Life in Squares. In 2016, Norton appeared as Prince Andrei Bolkonsky in the BBC miniseries of Andrew Davies' production of War & Peace. The mini-series, a co-production with The Weinstein Company, allowed the cast to film in Russia.

Between March and May 2016 Norton appeared in Tracy Letts’ Bug in London's West End. In 2016, he appeared in "Nosedive", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror. Between December 2017 and February 2018 he appeared in Amy Herzog’s Belleville at the Donmar Warehouse Theatre. As part of his preparation for his role in McMafia, Norton studied the Russian martial art and health system Systema. In 2019, Norton portrayed John Brooke in Greta Gerwig's film adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women.

Personal life
When asked if he was religious, in the context of portraying a vicar in Grantchester'', Norton said: "Obviously I have a relationship with religion, because I went to a Catholic school and studied theology. I can't call myself religious, but I'm definitely fascinated by it".

In 2015 Norton was made a trustee of the Royal Theatrical Support Trust. Norton has type 1 diabetes.

He was in a relationship with actress Jessie Buckley between 2015 and 2017. Norton has been in a relationship with actress Imogen Poots since 2018. They have been engaged since 2022.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Alumni of RADA
English male actors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
Male actors from London
Male actors from Yorkshire
People educated at Ampleforth College
Actors from Lambeth
People from Malton, North Yorkshire
People with type 1 diabetes
21st-century English male actors


title: Campus The Hague

text:
Campus The Hague is an institution for university education and scientific research, a part of Leiden University, located in The Hague. The teaching and research at Campus The Hague focuses on politics, public administration and international law, urban issues, and health.

History
Campus The Hague was founded in 1998 as a partnership between the university and the municipality of The Hague.

Education
All seven faculties of the university are active in The Hague, and around 20 per cent of the total student body of the university attend this campus. The faculty Governance and Global Affairs (FGGA) is exclusively located in The Hague.

Campus The Hague offers courses on several areas, including public administration, international law, politics and government.

In 2015 Delft University of Technology opened a branch at Campus The Hague, in the Wijnhaven Building, offering a master's degree in Engineering and Policy Analysis.

In 2016, Leiden University Medical Center founded an additional branch at Campus The Hague, with research, teaching and a training program for GPs.

As part of its facilities, Leiden University Library opened a library at Campus The Hague.

Research
The research branch of Campus The Hague focuses on management, international law and government. It includes many research institutes.

Institute of Security and Global Affairs

The Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) was created in 2016, when the Centre for Terrorism and Counterterrorism (CTC) and the Centre for Global Affairs were combined. It is one of three research institutes within the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs (FGGA), and focuses on security. Within this issue, its main themes are terrorism and political violence, cybersecurity, governance of crises, and diplomacy and global affairs.

IGSA focuses on multidisciplinary research and education within the field of security studies, and describes its approach as glocal, meaning that "the local, national, transnational and global impact are studied and analysed in conjunction with each other".

Other research institutes
 Centre for Innovation
 Centre for Modern Urban Studies (MUS)
 Centre for Professional Learning (CPL)
 Dual PhD Centre
 Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies
 Institute of Public Administration
 Leiden Leadership Centre
 Leiden Risk & Regulation Lab
 Leiden University College The Hague
 Montesquieu Institute, which includes the Parliamentary Documentation Centre (PDC UL)

Buildings of Campus The Hague

References

External links

 Leiden University
 Leiden University

Leiden University
Organisations based in The Hague
1998 establishments in the Netherlands


title: Robert's shaggy rat

text:
Robert's shaggy rat (Dasymys robertsii) is a species of rodent in the genus Dasymys that lives in South Africa. It was described in 2004.

References
Mullin, SK, Taylor, PJ & Pillay, N. 2004. Skull size and shape of Dasymys (Rodentia, Muridae) from sub-Saharan Africa. Mammalia 68 (2-3) :185-220.
Verheyen, W., Hulselmans, JLJ, Dierckx, T., Colyn, M., Leirs, H. & Verheyen, E. 2003. A craniometric and genetic approach to the systematics of the genus Dasymys Peters, 1875 and the description of three new taxa (Rodentia, Muridae, Africa). Bulletin of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences 73:27-71.

Dasymys
Mammals described in 2004


title: List of Star class sailors at the Summer Olympics

text:
This is list of Star class sailors at the Summer Olympics.

1932 Los Angeles

1936 Berlin

1948 London

1952 Helsinki

1956 Melbourne

1960 Rome

1964 Tokyo

1968 Mexico City

1972 Kiel

1980 Moscow

1984 Los Angeles

1988 Seoul

1992 Barcelona

1996 Atlanta

2000 Sydney

2004 Athens

2008 Beijing

2012 London

Star class, Olympic
Sailors, Star class


title: Vertiginous question

text:
Benj Hellie's vertiginous question asks why, of all the subjects of experience out there, this one—the one corresponding to the human being referred to as Benj Hellie—is the one whose experiences are live? (The reader is supposed to substitute their own case for Hellie's.)

A simple response is that this question reduces to "Why are Hellie's experiences live from Hellie's perspective," which is trivial to answer. However Hellie argues, through a parable, that this response leaves something out. His parable describes two situations, one reflecting a broad global constellation view of the world and everyone's phenomenal features, and one describing an embedded view from the perspective of a single subject. The former seems to align better with the simple response above, but the latter seems a better description of consciousness.

Hellie's argument is closely related to Caspar Hare's theories of egocentric presentism and perspectival realism, of which several other philosophers have written reviews.
Similar questions are also asked repeatedly by J.J. Valberg in justifying his horizonal view of the self.

David Chalmers wrote a response to Hellie, but it did not address the question itself.

See also
 Binding problem
 Centered world
 Further facts
 Indexicality
 Metaphysical subjectivism
 Personal horizon
 Personal identity
 Open individualism
 Subjective idealism
 Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
 Solipsism

References

External links
 Hellie, Benj. Against egalitarianism. Preprint of article in Analysis (2013).
 Benj Hellie's page at the University of Toronto.

Metaphysics of mind
Subjective experience
Philosophical problems
Open problems
Identity (philosophy)
Theory of mind
Conceptions of self
Mind–body problem
Consciousness
Concepts in metaphysics
Solipsism


title: Lost in the Game (film)

text:
Lost in the Game is a 2005 American drama film written and directed by MC Ren.  The film stars MC Ren, Playboy T and Nitetrain. The film was released January 25, 2005.

Synopsis
Navigating the sketchy terrain of record companies and street hustlers, Playboy T. undertakes to promote his protégé and cash in on him in the process. When the rich but extremely dangerous gangster The Vill (MC Ren) gets out of jail, Playboy T. puts it all on the line and asks him for help in making the Nitetrain record.

References

2005 films
African-American drama films
Films set in 2005
Films set in California
Films set in Los Angeles
American gangster films
2000s hip hop films
Hood films
2005 drama films
2005 directorial debut films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films


title: Patrini

text:
Patrini may refer to:

Patrini, area around Santameri Castle, Greece
Patrini, character in In the French Style


title: Kenneth Dart

text:
Kenneth Bryan Dart (born 1955) is a Cayman Islands-based businessman and billionaire. He is also a citizen of Belize and Ireland. His wealth was estimated in 2013 at $6.6 billion. He is an heir of William F. Dart, who founded the Dart Container Corporation (originally the Dart Manufacturing Company) in Michigan in 1937.

Early life and career
Dart graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in mechanical engineering in 1976. He joined the family business and became president of the Dart Container Corporation in 1986. His brother Robert succeeded him in this role in 2001, when Kenneth moved to the board of directors.

In the mid-1990s Dart and his brother, Robert, both renounced their American citizenship. Kenneth took Caymanian, Belizean and, later, Irish citizenship. Robert holds Belizean and Irish citizenship, and resides in London. Kenneth Dart moved his residence to the Cayman Islands and converted what was the beachfront West Indian club into his home in 1994.

Businesses
Dart started a number of Cayman-based enterprises, including Dart Enterprises, Dart Realty, and Cayman Shores Development. By 2012, his Caymanian enterprises were estimated to own about 20–25% of the real estate in the Cayman Islands. Among his properties are Camana Bay (formerly the Coral Caymanian Hotel), the Ritz-Carlton, the Yacht Club, and the Kimpton Seafire Resort and Spa. Dart has his own construction company, Decco.

In 1994, Dart became a citizen of Belize. At that time Dart offered his residence in Sarasota, Florida, to the government of Belize as a consulate with himself as its consul. This would have allowed him to live in the United States full-time as a foreign diplomat avoiding any actions by the Internal Revenue Service; the State Department rejected the arrangement. The Reed Amendment of 1996, a tightening of U.S. tax laws concerning expatriates, was partially spurred by the Dart brothers' renunciation of their citizenship to avoid paying taxes.

Controversy
Dart owns Dart Management, "one of the best known of the so-called vulture funds." The strategy of vulture funds is to buy government debts at sharply reduced prices when weak governments are in crisis, and eventually force these governments to pay the full amount of the debt. Dart employed this strategy in 1994 by acquiring Brazilian debt instruments and eventually generating a profit of about $600 million.

In the Greek financial crisis, Dart was a winner by forcing the Greek government to pay €436 million in 2012, 90% of which went to his fund.

In the prolonged attempts to resolve the Argentinian financial crisis of 2001, Dart and Paul Singer rejected Argentina's restructuring offer in contrast to most other investors and brought their claim to the US court system. In response to Dart's holdout strategy, the then Argentinian ambassador in the US, Jorge Argüello, rebuked Dart's activities, while in the Argentinian press Dart was named "Enemy Number One of Argentina".

In 2012, a New York State judge ruled in favor of the holdout creditors ordering Argentina to pay $1.3 billion and Argentina's appeal of the ruling at the US Supreme Court was rejected in 2014. The rulings forced Argentina to miss bond payments in July 2014, which caused the country to be declared in selective default by Standard & Poor's and in restrictive default by Fitch Ratings, meaning that Argentina failed to meet some of their obligations while meeting others. By 2017, Argentina's  new president Mauricio Macri settled with holdouts and was able to access the international capital markets.

In 2021, Dart made a $6.7 billion bet on tobacco stocks, considered a contrarian move in regards to Environmental, social and corporate governance related investments.

See also

 Tom Morris
 Giovanni Ferrero

References

1955 births
Living people
Belizean billionaires
Belizean people of American descent
Caymanian billionaires
Caymanian people of American descent
Irish billionaires
Irish people of American descent
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
People who renounced United States citizenship
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)


title: Narince (grape)

text:
Narince is a white wine grape grown in Turkey. It is originated from and grows at Tokat Province in Cappadocia. Ripening period is the same as Merlot. Harvest is around mid-September. When fully ripe, it has striking amber color. Its parents are Kalecik Karasi and Dimrit, both of which Anatolian cultivars.

Narince makes usually dry, yellow-green color wines with floral notes, sophisticated fruit flavour of yellow fruits of lime, orange, white pineapple, plum, green apple and citrus aromas on the nose. Wines from Narince are medium to full-bodied, balanced with good acidity. In cool places, the wines from Narince will have high acidity. It is usually treated with oak.

References

Grape varieties of Turkey
White wine grape varieties


title: Osedax japonicus

text:
Osedax japonicus is a species of bathypelagic polychaete tube worm that lives at great depths on the seabed and is able to sustain itself on the bones of a dead whale. It was first described in 2006 from a sunken sperm whale carcase near Kyushu, Japan.

Discovery
Scientists  from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute using the submarine ROV Tiburon first discovered worms of the genus Osedax in Monterey Bay, California, in February 2002. The worms were found living on the bones of a decaying gray whale in the Monterey Canyon, at a depth of . The discovery caused great excitement among marine biologists, and since then other species of worms of the same genus have been discovered on whale carcases lying in deep water in other parts of the world. Osedax japonicus was first described in 2006 from a sperm whale carcase that fell to the seabed off Kyushu, Japan, settling at a depth of . Numerous female tube worms were observed but no males were seen.

Description
An adult worm has a ringlike crown of feathery plumes which are involved in respiration, a trunk and a rooting structure which contains symbiotic bacteria. It has no digestive system nor a segmental structure as do most worms.

Behaviour
When a whale dies, its carcass falls to the seabed. Here it provides a feast for many deep-sea creatures. Worms such as Osedax japonicus make use of the bones when only the skeleton remains. The worms produce a branching network of "roots" that house symbiotic bacteria, which enable the worms to utilise the bones' nutrient content.

The reproduction of Osedax japonicus has been studied. Female worms reach maturity at about six weeks. They secrete mucus to form a tube that surrounds their trunk. Male worms are minute by comparison with the females and they take up residence inside the tubes. The females spawn eggs and retain them in the mucus where they are fertilised by the males. Here they develop for a time before they swim out of the mucus as trochophore larvae. The larvae are then planktonic and can live for at least ten days in the open sea. It seems that if they settle on a suitable vertebrate bone they will develop into female worms but if mature females are already present on the bone, they will develop into males. The vast majority will fail to find any sunken bone.

References

Canalipalpata
Taxa named by Yoshihiro Fujiwara
Taxa named by Masaru Kawato
Animals described in 2006


title: Marcellus Neal

text:
Marcellus Neal (1868–1939) was the first African-American graduate of Indiana University in the United States. He graduated in 1895 with a B.A. in Mathematics. The Neal-Marshall Center on the Indiana University Bloomington campus is jointly named for Neal and Frances Marshall, the first African-American female student to graduate from Indiana University.

Early years
Neal was born in 1868 in Lebanon, Tennessee, but the family later moved to Greenfield, Indiana. Neal excelled academically at the local high school, graduating with distinction.

Education and career
Neal's high school academic record earned him a scholarship to Indiana University, where he enrolled in the fall of 1891.  He did well academically and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics on June 19, 1895.  During his time at Indiana University, Neal was a member of the Married Folks' Club.  His wife is listed as Mrs. M. Neal, in the Arbutus, the Indiana University yearbook. However, her name is listed as Caledonia in Frank O. Beck's book on race relations at Indiana University.  She was a southern teacher, whose teaching skills were highly regarded.  The Neals were not allowed to live on campus, enter the Indiana Memorial Union, or eat in establishments on campus.

For ten years after his graduation from IU, Neal did graduate work, held short-term teaching jobs, and traveled, spending time in both Europe and Canada.  For nearly twenty-five years, he served as the head of the science department at Washington High School in Dallas, Texas.  Neal and his wife left Dallas to live in Chicago, Illinois, where he worked at a Civil Service job.   He also completed a treatise on science and wrote political editorials for African-American newspapers.

Death and legacy
On October 20, 1939, Marcellus Neal was struck by a driver in a hit and run at State and 37th Street in Chicago.  He died of his injuries on November 6 and was buried in Mount Greenwood Cemetery, in Glenwood, Illinois.

The Neal-Marshall Alumni Club was founded in 1981 as a means of meeting the needs of black students, faculty, and staff, while also promoting African-American history at Indiana University. The organization was actually founded in Jackson, Mississippi, while other Indiana chapters soon followed in Gary, and Indianapolis.

The Neal-Marshall Black Culture Center opened on the Indiana University campus in 1969. The center was originally called the "Black House," but renamed the Black Culture Center in 1972.  The Center was located in various buildings on campus, but moved into its new home at 109 North Jordan Avenue in 2001 after years of effort by students, alumni, and administration.  In April 1995, the Indiana General Assembly passed a resolution to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Neal's graduation, and coinciding with the 175th anniversary of Indiana University.

References

External links
Neal-Marshall Black Culture Center

1868 births
1939 deaths
People from Lebanon, Tennessee
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Pedestrian road incident deaths
People from Greenfield, Indiana
Road incident deaths in Illinois
Educators from Indiana


title: Takht-e-Soleiman (disambiguation)

text:
Takht-e-Soleiman ('Throne of Solomon'), or variant spellings, may refer to:

 Takht-e Soleymān, an archaeological site in West Azerbaijan, Iran
 Takht-e Suleyman Massif, a subrange of central Alborz mountains, Iran
 Mount Takht-e Suleyman, a mountain
 Takht-e Soleyman District, in Takab County, West Azerbaijan, Iran
 Takht-e Soleyman, Fars, a city in Iran
 Takht-e-Sulaiman, a mountain in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan
 Qasre Abunasr, or Takht-e Sulayman, the site of an ancient settlement in Shiraz, Fars province, Iran

See also
 Throne of Solomon, a motif in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
 Throne of Solomon (Srinagar), a sacred hill in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
 Sulayman Mountain, in Kyrgyzstan
 Sulaiman Mountains, in the southern Hindu Kush mountain system in Afghanistan and Pakistan


title: Ansell's wood mouse

text:
Ansell's wood mouse (Hylomyscus anselli) is a species of rodent in the genus Hylomyscus. It was described in 1979.

References
Carleton, M.D.; Stanley, W.T. 2005. Review of the Hylomyscus denniae complex (Rodentia: Muridae) in Tanzania, with a description of a new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Hylomyscus
Mammals described in 1979


title: Mount Takht-e Suleyman

text:
Takhte Soleyman or Takht-e Suleyman () is a mountain in the Takht-e Suleyman Massif, Alborz mountain range, north of Iran.

Takhte Soleyman means Solomon's Throne (seat). Takhte Soleyman is a prominent peak that rises to the north of the 4850 m Alam Kuh Peak which is the highest point of the Takht-e Suleyman Massif. It dominates the view from the popular Sarchal Shelter.

Takhte Soleyman is a very rugged peak whose slopes are covered by cliffs/needles many of which can be thought of as sub-peaks. Despite this, the main route to the summit is non-technical through a boulder/scree covered area to the south.

See also
 List of Iranian four-thousanders

References

Takht-e Suleyman
Mountains of Mazandaran Province
Mountaineering in Iran


title: 2014 NAB Challenge

text:
The 2014 NAB Challenge was the Australian Football League (AFL) pre-season competition that was played before the 2014 season. It featured 18 practice matches played over 18 days, beginning February 12 and ending March 1. Unlike previous years, the 2014 competition did not have a Grand Final or overall winner.

Results

Practice matches
Additionally, each club played a further practice match after the NAB Challenge under the regular AFL season rules, however these matches were not televised.

References

NAB Challenge
Australian Football League pre-season competition


title: VA-776 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-776 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve. Details of its early years are sketchy, as few records exist for reserve squadrons prior to 1970, the year during which they began submitting history reports.

On 27 Jan 1968, The President directed the activation of VA-776 following the capture of USS Pueblo (AGER-2) by a North Korean patrol boat on four days earlier. The squadron was deactivated and returned to reserve status on 18 October 1968.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAAS Los Alamitos – 27 Jan 1968
 NAS Lemoore – 13 Jun 1968

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 A-4B Skyhawk – Feb 1968
 TA-4F Skyhawk – Jun 1968
 A-4E Skyhawk – Jun 1968

See also
List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
Attack aircraft
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: The Symphony (song)

text:
"The Symphony" is a rap song produced by Marley Marl featuring Juice Crew members Masta Ace, Kool G Rap, Craig G and Big Daddy Kane. The track appears on Marley Marl's 1988 Cold Chillin' Records release In Control, Volume 1. Rolling Stone ranked “The Symphony” the 48th greatest hip-hop song of all time, calling it “the first truly great posse cut.”

Song history

Marley Marl, who was working as a DJ for radio station WBLS, sampled the song's signature loop from a station copy of Otis Redding’s "Hard to Handle". Marley Marl and his Juice Crew affiliates recorded “The Symphony” in Queens, immediately after posing in front of a Lear Jet for In Control, Volume 1’s back-cover photography.  Though this photo bespoke wealth, Marley Marl remembers, “I was still living in the projects. I was paying like $110 a month for my rent, free electricity. So New York City Housing Authority kind of co-produced some of my earlier hits.”
According to Masta Ace, Juice Crew member MC Shan was supposed to perform on this hit, but due to his success at the time, he told Marley that “he felt like he was belittling himself to be on a record with these new dudes.” Meanwhile, Masta Ace, who made his recording debut with the song's opening verse, had not intended to be on the song at all; he only recorded his verse because the other MCs were hesitant to rhyme first.

Song influence

The song's signature melodic line, a sample of Otis Redding's “Hard to Handle,” has surfaced on Snoop Dogg's "Ghetto Symphony", Nas and The Firm's "Affirmative Action (Remix)", Mos Def's "Habitat" and other songs. Meanwhile, Big Daddy Kane's famous line, “Put a quarter in your ass 'cause you played yourself,” pops up as a looped sample on the Beastie Boys’ "Hey Fuck You". Along with earning the 49th spot in Rolling Stone’s “The 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs of All Time,”  “The Symphony” ranks fifteenth in Ego Trip’s list of rap’s best posse cuts.
Kool G. Rap's line "I'm on a rampage" is scratched into EPMD's "Rampage" which features LL Cool J. The song was sampled on UGK's 2007 cut "Next Up" also featuring Big Daddy Kane and Kool G Rap. This song also influenced the 2009 title "Renaissance Rap", by Q-Tip featuring Busta Rhymes, Raekwon and Lil Wayne as you'll hear Q-Tip repeat his own version of Marley Marl's intro and ending.

Charts

Weekly charts

References

Big Daddy Kane songs
1988 songs
1988 singles
Song recordings produced by Marley Marl
Songs written by Marley Marl
Songs written by Big Daddy Kane
Cold Chillin' Records singles
Warner Records singles
Posse cuts


title: Conor O'Boyle

text:
Lieutenant General Conor O'Boyle was the Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces from August 2013 until September 2015. O'Boyle was appointed to the post by the Government of Ireland on 12 August 2013. O’Boyle joined the Defence Forces in 1970 and was assigned to the Artillery Corps upon his commission in 1972. O'Boyle served in Middle East for two years with UNTSO and has been on three tours of duty with UNIFIL.

Lt Gen O'Boyle retired in September 2015, and Rear Admiral Mark Mellett of the Irish Naval Service succeeded him.

O'Boyle is married and has two children.

Decorations

References

Living people
Chiefs of Staff of the Defence Forces (Ireland)
Irish generals
20th-century Irish military personnel
Date of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Irish military personnel
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Julia Pereira

text:
Julia Pereira is a Brazilian model.  She began modeling at the age of 16.  Her first big break was a cover shoot for Italy's Posh magazine in 2005.  Pereira had worked in Milan, Barcelona, and Paris before transitioning to work mostly in New York and Miami.

See also
List of Brazilians

References

Brazilian female models
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Neighbourhoods in Chilliwack

text:
Chilliwack is a city made up of several amalgamated villages and communities.  The urban core has a decidedly north–south axis bisected by the Trans-Canada Highway. The city is bounded in north by the Fraser River, in the east by the Eastern Hillsides, in the south by the Canada-U.S. border, and in the west by the Vedder Canal.

North side

North side, also referred to as Chilliwack Proper Village West, covers the area from the Trans-Canada Highway in the south, to the Fraser River in the north, and includes the following communities.

Camp River

A picturesque, rural farming community at the North-East extreme of the city on Fairfield Island.

Cheam

Downtown Chilliwack

Also known as Chilliwack Proper, is the historical urban centre of the city. Several cultural attractions, such as the Prospera Centre, Chilliwack Cultural Centre and the new “District 1881” are located there, as well as key government buildings, such as City Hall, FVRD offices, and the Provincial Court of British Columbia.
The Eagle Landing Shopping Center is located southwest of downtown, between Chilliwack and Sardis.

East Chilliwack

A rural-suburban community located between Downtown Chillwack to the west, and Rosedale to the east.

Fairfield Island

A mainly suburban and residential neighborhood, and the northernmost community within the city boundaries.

Rosedale

A rural-suburban community in the north-eastern part of the city.

South side

Atchelitz

Chilliwack River Valley

Stretching 47 km from Chilliwack Lake to the Vedder Crossing, the valley contains an eclectic mix of homes, vacation properties, campgrounds, industry (logging/mining), and Crown Land. It is increasingly popular as an outdoor recreation destination, featuring hiking, camping, fishing, whitewater sports, off-road motoring, and birding.

Columbia Valley

Cultus Lake Park

Greendale

Popkum (Not considered part of Chilliwack but part of the Fraser Valley)

At the eastern extreme of the city limits, and a popular tourist destination and way station for travelers on the Trans-Canada Highway. Attractions include Bridal Veil Falls and The Falls Golf and Country Club.

Promontory

Ryder Lake

Sardis

Sardis is the urban core of the south side and a popular shopping destination.

Vedder Crossing

A vibrant and burgeoning community on the north bank of the Vedder River, home to the Canada Education Park and the Sardis Sports Complex ice hockey arena.

Yarrow

The village was first settled by Mennonites in the late 1920s, following the draining of Sumas Lake and the reclamation of the former lake bed for agriculture. It is at the foot of the Skagit Range of the Cascade Mountains on the Vedder River, near the latter's confluence with the Fraser, which traverses the Lower Mainland, of British Columbia. The Lower Mainland Ecoregion is part of the Pacific Maritime Ecozone. The village of Yarrow lies between Vedder Mountain to the south and Sumas Mountain to the northwest. The climate is temperate with most of the precipitation falling in the winter months as rain. The summer is warm and relatively dry. The fertile upper Fraser Valley supports the growth of many varieties of fruit, vegetables and herbs. Yarrow's economy is thus primarily agricultural and includes dairy farms and field crops (blueberries, corn, cole crops and hay).

References


title: Philodendron duckei

text:
Philodendron duckei is a plant species native to the French Guiana, Suriname and Brazil but cultivated as an ornamental elsewhere.

Philodendron duckei is terrestrial or hemiepiphytic. Stems are purplish-brown, round in cross-section but with ribs running longitudinally along the sides. Petioles are winged, up to 7 cm long. Leaf blades are up to 21 cm long, asymmetrical with one side wider than the other, dark green on the upper side, velvety on the under side. Flowers are borne in one spathe per leaf axil. Spathes are up to 8 cm long, with a spadix up to 8 cm long.

References

Flora of French Guiana
duckei
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Suriname


title: Ridgway Potteries

text:
The Ridgway family was one of the important dynasties manufacturing Staffordshire pottery, with a large number of family members and business names, over a period from the 1790s to the late 20th century. In their heyday in the mid-19th century there were several different potteries run by different branches of the family.  Most of their wares were earthenware, but often of very high quality, but stoneware and bone china were also made.  Many earlier pieces were unmarked and identifying them is difficult or impossible. Typically for Staffordshire, the various businesses, initially set up as partnerships, changed their official names rather frequently, and often used different trading names, so there are a variety of names that can be found.

The various Ridgway companies made a huge range of wares, carefully following market demand.  They can generally be described as serving the middle and upper parts of the market, avoiding the cheapest popular wares. As with other factories, a great amount of good quality earthenware was transfer-printed with heavily elaborate designs, mostly in a durable underglaze cobalt blue.  Much of this went to the American market, and was given American designs of landscapes (the "Beauties of America" series dates to about 1820) and national heroes.

From 1808 porcelain, that is to say bone china, was produced, in a great profusion of patterns, for which many of the pattern books survive.  The styles are typical for the period, with many flowers, landscapes, and some modified Neoclassical and Chinese (or "Anglo-oriental") treatments.  Wedgwood jasperware effects were rendered in glazed porcelain.  Much of the porcelain was also transfer-printed, or combined this and china painting by hand.  Grove characterizes the wares as "inspired by those of Rockingham, Spode and Worcester".

In later periods, the many branches of the family businesses maintained a similar position in the market, and followed design trends at a rather safe distance. Ridgway & Abington (1835–60, Church Works, Hanley, part of the William Ridgway "group") seem only to have made the plain stoneware jugs with heavy relief moulded decoration, though other Ridgway companies also made these. From the 1950s Homemaker tableware, was a cheap brand that introduced the mass market to fashionable contemporary design, initially only sold in Woolworths.

History
The first generation were Job Ridgway (1759–1813) and his younger brother George (c. 1758–1823), who together established a factory at Hanley in 1794, along with a W. Smith who died in 1798.  Job at least had trained in pottery; in fact, he records in a memoir that their father Ralph, of Great Chell had "erected a Pot-works, but being dissipated and thoughtless, he was soon involved in misfortunes, and reduced to the necessity of working for a livelihood" to support his ten children.  Job and his sons were very devout Methodists. The two brothers split their partnership in about 1800 to allow each to introduce their sons to the business.  George and his son traded until at least 1815, although little is known about their business.

Job's two sons, John and William, were both to be very successful.  On ending the partnership with his brother, Job began a new factory at Shelton, Staffordshire, now a suburb of Stoke, called the Cauldon Place Works. This began production in 1802, and was to remain one of the family's main sites, and a pottery until recent decades. In 1808 he gave John and William, then in their early twenties, shares in the business (which became "Ridgway & Sons"), and also began to make bone china.  Job died in 1814, when "John and William Ridgway" or "J and W Ridgway" became the usual name of the business.

The two brothers decided to go their own ways in 1830, by which time they were also running their uncle George's Bell Works, which William took, while John stayed at Cauldon Place.  Of the two, John's products were very high quality, and he was made the "Royal Potter" to Queen Victoria after the Great Exhibition of 1851, reviving the title Queen Charlotte had given to Josiah Wedgwood.  This allowed him to incorporate the Royal Arms into his marks.  William concentrated rather more on a middle market, and produced large amounts for the American market.  Indeed, by the 1840s William was planning to open a pottery in Kentucky with his New York agent, Charles Cartlidge, though in the end Cartlidge set up with American partners.  William went bankrupt in 1848, although the Bell Works remained in the family.

William's son, Edward John (1814–96) was also very active, and his two sons took the businesses into the 20th century.  Edward John's sister Emma married a Francis Morley (d. 1883) who was one of a number of other names of partners appearing in business names with the Ridgways. "Cauldon" also appears in various company names and brands; Cauldon Ware, was a term for early transfer-printed wares, much of which was exported to the United States,

Ridgway Pottery later merged with the Booths & Colclough China Company during the 1940s, and later became a part of Royal Doulton in 1972.

Notes

References
Godden, Geoffrey, English China, 1985, Barrie & Jenkins,
Grove: "Ridgway" in The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, ed. Gordon Campbell, 2006, Oxford University Press, US, , 9780195189483, google books

Further reading
Godden, Geoffrey A. Ridgway Porcelains (2nd revised edition, Woodbridge, Antique Collectors' Club, 1985. )
Godden, Geoffrey A. The Illustrated Guide to Ridgway Porcelains. London, Barrie & Jenkins, 1972.

External links

https://ridgwaypatternbook.org.uk/
http://www.thepotteries.org/features/ridgway1956.htm
http://www.thepotteries.org/allpotters/854a.htm
Works by Ridgway in the Victoria & Albert Museum.

Staffordshire pottery
1792 establishments in England
Ceramics manufacturers of England


title: Spangenberg Castle (Hesse)

text:
Spangenberg Castle () is a schloss above the small German town of Spangenberg in the North Hesse county of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis. The originally Gothic building was first a medieval fortified castle, then a fortress, hunting lodge, prison, forestry school and is now a hotel and restaurant.

Location
Spangenberg Castle is located on the wooded hill of Schloßberg, between the town of Spangenberg in the Pfieffe valley to the east and south, and the village of Elbersdorf on the Pfieffe tributary of Essebach to the west and north.

History
The first castle on the site was probably built by the lords of Treffurt, who came from Thuringia, as the centre of their small barony in the region around Spangenberg and Morschen. From here, it could guard the important trading route "through long Hesse" from Frankfurt to Leipzig. This road was an important factor in the development of the newly founded settlement below the castle, which was already being referred to as a town (civitas) in 1261. However it was not until 1309 that it was granted town rights by the knights, Hermann and Frederick of Treffurt, in accordance with the Lippstadt town rights act. The size and shape of the 13th-century hilltop castle are not exactly known. In the southern part of the site, parts of the original palas have survived. This housed the social and residential quarters for the family of the castle lord. Access to the castle was probably especially well protected from the outset and the entire site was surrounded by a wall. It is likely that most of the outbuildings were initially constructed in the half-timbered style. Since a supply of drinking water was essential, the well, about 100 metres deep, would have been sunk during the construction of the castle.

Knightly castle and Landgravial schloss
The first recorded owner of the castle and town of Spangenberg was Lord Hermann of Treffurt in 1235. He was enfeoffed with the Barony of Spangenberg by the Count of Ziegenhain. Since that time the lords of Treffurt were also called the lords of Spangenberg. The brothers, Hermann and Frederick of Spangenberg and Treffurt became robber barons, causing unrest in 1327 in the surrounding Thuringian countryside. In the time that followed a marked decline in the fortunes of the lords of Treffurt and Spangenberg may be seen from the records. At times they led a dissolute life, made enemies of their neighbours as a result of their violent behaviour and even fought amongst one another. Finally Lord Hermann IX sold the castle, title and estate of Spangenberg in 1350 to the Hessian landgrave, Hesse II for 8,000 silver marks, a hefty sum at that time even for a territorial prince. Since that time, Spangenberg has been Hessian.

The castle was now used for over two centuries by the Hessian landgraves as a residenz and hunting lodge:
 Family seat of Landgrave Henry the Iron (1299–1377).

 Otto "der Schütz", son of Henry II, lived here and supplied material for many anecdotes and legends (1322–1366); Otto cultivated the "noble art of hunting with hounds and horse, hunting horn, crossbow and boar spear"; his love story with Elspeth of Cleves was described by Gottfried Kinkel in the epic poem Otto der Schütz. Eine rheinische Geschichte in zwölf Abenteuern (Cotta’sche Handbibliothek; Vol. 171, Cotta, Stuttgart, 1846).
 Landgrave Hermann the Learned (1344–1413) resided at the castle.
 Landgrave Louis the Peaceful (1402–1458) was born at Spangenberg Castle and also died there.
 Landgrave William I (1466–1515) died at Spangenberg Castle.
 Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous (1504–1567) led Hesse to a position of political and cultural importance. His mistress, Margarethe von der Saale, lived in the corner house on Burgstraße and Klosterstraße in the town of Spangenberg.
 Landgrave William the Wise (1532–1592) strengthened the fortress considerably and gave the schloss its present external appearance.
 In addition, the castle was the dower house for several Hessian landgravines over this period.

Architecturally these years were of great significance for the entire site. Landgrave Louis the Peaceful in particular had the castle fortifications reinforced through the construction of the outer walls with six demi-bastions (Schalentürmen). A new gateway with the state coat of arms and three decorative battlements gave the entrance an imposing appearance. The castle was considered to be so safe that, in the 15th century, large quantities of money and archives belonging to the landgrave were kept and guarded here.

Fortress, prison, forestry school
The advent of firearms made extensive new construction measures necessary. The mighty earth rampart with its casemates on the main attack axis on the northeastern side was probably built under Landgrave Philip. A large battery tower, 22 metres in diameter, formed the corner point of this new fortification. The system of underground passages laid out at this time to serve the defence of the new fortress works has largely survived to this day, but is not however open to the public.

In 1584 Landgrave William IV appointed Hans Wilhelm Kirchhof as the burgrave of Spangenberg Castle. His second marriage was to Margarethe Stuckenrad and they had nine children. In addition to his work as the burgrave, he also wrote about the castle. From 1584 to 1605 he wrote his Wendunmuhth, a collection of farces, anecdotes and stories. He died at the age of around 80 in 1602 or 1603.

Around 1580 Landgrave William IV had a hall built together with its attached "commandant's quarters" (Kommandantenbau) on the northeast side. The court was thus completely remodelled. At the start of the Thirty Years' War the fortifications had to be strengthen again. In 1636 a bastion system was built on the west side. To replace the outbuildings that were demolished to make way for this the building that, today, house the hunting museum, was built on the rampart. Because the fortifications had been strengthened, the castle remained in Hessian hands in the Thirty Years' War during the reign of Landgravine Amalie Elisabeth (1637–1650). The town, by contrast, was half-destroyed in 1637. After 1648, the castle largely lost its importance as a landgrave seat and fortress and only maintenance work was carried out on it. Nevertheless, Spangenberg was still a secondary fortress of the state of Hesse-Cassel. The old castle was no longer valued in the Baroque era as a royal residence, but was still maintained as a fortress and used to accommodate invalids (war wounded).

During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the fortress, which was only manned by invalids, was captured by the French for the first time in a surprise attack in 1758. The French captured 18 cannon, 307 firearms, ammunition and 44 kegs of powder. From 1763 the fortress was used as a state prison (for the internment of officers). To that end, several large rooms were divided into cells. In 1840 a new guardroom was built outside the moat. During the constitutional struggles in the Electorate of Hesse at the time of electors William II (1821–1847) and Frederick William I (1847–1866), a large number of political prisoners were detained at Spangenberg.

Following the annexation of Electoral Hesse by Prussia in 1866, the prison was closed and only the most urgent repairs were carried out. The empty buildings were managed by a castellan. The fortifications began to become overgrown. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), French prisoners were incarcerated there.

It was not until 1907–1908 that a new use was found for the castle when it became a Prussian school of forestry. Although this entailed major reconstruction work, an effort was made to preserve the original character of the building. The advent of the forestry school recalled the old tradition of Otto the hunter and its former importance as a hunting lodge. On 15 June 1913, Kaiser Wilhelm II visited the forestry school in Spangenberg. In its 32 years, around 1,200 young forest officers qualified for their profession at Spangenberg Castle. In 1932, the counts of Giech sold the castle into private ownership.

Destruction and rebuilding – hotel and restaurant
In the Second World War the castle was used again as a prisoner-of-war camp (Oflag IX-A/H), this time for British officers. Shortly after their departure at the end of March 1945, the building was completely razed to the ground by an American air raid. Only the ruined curtain walls survived.

The commitment of Spangenberg's townsfolk to the castle finally led to its reconstruction by the State of Hesse in the 1950s under the direction of the Commissioner of Town Planning, Dr. Textor. Although the interior of the palace had been completely destroyed in the war, the outer shape of the building hints at the importance of the fortress had in earlier times. The access is guarded by strong bastions. The main castle is protected by a deep, wide moat. The narrow courtyard is accessed over two approaches. The western gate, which was originally protected by a drawbridge, is dominated by a tall tower with a steep, hipped roof. Before the fire, the castle roof had a variety of dormers and roof ornaments which were abandoned in the reconstruction. The simple multi-storey building of the 15th to 17th centuries had small two-piece gothic windows upstairs and facing the courtyard; otherwise it had high rectangular windows dating to the 17th century. Inside, none of the great wall paintings survived the ravages of war. They showed, inter alia, the return home of Otto the Hunter. In the former audience hall, a putti frieze was to be seen; in addition Gothic fireplaces and grand stoves were located in the other rooms, of which only fragments remain. Of the original 13th-century Treffurt fortress, all that is left is a round-arched vaulted cellar above a once 126-metre-deep well today.

Following the previous use of the castle as a hunting lodge, a royal country residence, a prison and a forestry school was added another role. Today the castle is home to a gourmet hotel and restaurant with conference rooms. A hunting museum is based in the old armoury, which dates to 1625.

In the early 1960s, out of the large number of the state-owned castles and palaces, all those able to be managed as a restaurant and/or hotel were identified. The former managing director of the "Castles and Palaces of Hesse", Johannes Lill, explained the purpose of this measure "You did not want to restore the monuments of the past and then leave them to die in beauty again. Instead, the intention was to fill them with new life, because the monuments are now in our midst again. This is especially true of Spangenberg Castle..."

Panorama

References

Literature
 Rudolf Knappe: Mittelalterliche Burgen in Hessen: 800 Burgen, Burgruinen und Burgstätten. 3rd edn. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen, 2000, , p. 83.
 Schlösser, Burgen, alte Mauern. Herausgegeben vom Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden, 1990, , p. 336.

External links

 Schloss Spangenberg at burgenwelt.de
 Drawing of the medieval Spangenberg Castle
 Home page of Schloss Spangenberg

Castles in Hesse
Forts in Germany
Buildings and structures in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis


title: Bolno

text:
Bolno () is a village in the Resen Municipality of North Macedonia, near the mountain of Galičica. Located under  east of the municipal centre of Resen, the village has 237 residents. It is also home to a football club, FK Ilinden.

History
Bolno is located near the Iron Age site of Selishte, which excavations of the 2010s characterized as an Illyrian fort in the Prespa-Ohrid lakeland region.

In the early 20th century, the village had population of 640 Bulgarian Exarchists. There was also Bulgarian school in Bolno (Bouno).

During the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising of 1903, Bolno was looted and its 96 houses were burnt down.

Demographics
Bolno has historically been inhabited by Orthodox Bulgarians. According to the censuses after 1948 the local population is consisted of ethnic Macedonians.

People from Bolno
Dimitar Bogoevski (1918 - 1942), communist revolutionary and poet
Evtim Bogoev (? - 1908), revolutionary, IMARO activist.

References

Villages in Resen Municipality


title: Spangenberg Castle

text:
Spangenberg Castle may refer to the following castles in Germany:

 Spangenberg Castle (Hesse), a former castle and 2nd World War POW camp, in the state of Hesse
 Spangenberg Castle (Rhineland-Palatinate) in the Palatinate Forest in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate


title: 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly

text:
The men's 200 metre butterfly competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 26–27 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Tom Malchow of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all lengths being in butterfly stroke.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:

Results
All times are in minutes and seconds.

Heats
The first round was held on August 26.

Semifinals
The semifinals were held on August 26.

Final
The final was held on August 27.

References

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships


title: Battle of Radom (1656)

text:
The Battle of Radom was fought on February 2, 1656, as part of the Second Northern War, between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Sandomierski on one side, and on the other Swedish forces commanded by Rutger von Ascheberg. Swedish forces won the battle.

References

Conflicts in 1656
1656 in Poland
Radom
Radom (1656)
Radom (1656)


title: Shruthi Seridaaga

text:
Shruthi Seridaaga is a 1987 Indian Kannada-language film directed by Chi Dattaraj. The film was produced by Raghavendra Rajkumar. The film starred Rajkumar, Madhavi and Geetha. The music for the film was scored by T. G. Lingappa and the cinematography was by V. K. Kannan. The movie is based on the novel Paluku Paluku Olavu by Kumuda. Director Singeetam Srinivasa Rao co-wrote the screenplay even though he didn't direct this movie.

Plot
Rajkumar plays Dr. Murthy, a surgeon, who is also a singer by hobby. On a visit to Ernakulam for a medical conference, Murthy's father (K. S. Ashwath) advises him to stay at Retd. Major Subbanna's (Balakrishna) house, who is an old-friend. Due to a mishap by his assistant, Murthy has to act as compounder and his assistant has to act as Doctor. Subbanna organises kacheri, performance by the Doctor. Murthy fills voice from behind the screen, while his assistant (M. S. Umesh) simply mouths the song Purandara Daasa's "Bombeyaatavayya" hymn. Their mischief is caught by Radha (Madhavi). Murthy falls in love with Radha, Subbanna's daughter. Subbanna is angry that his daughter has fallen in love, not with the doctor, but a lowly assistant. Murthy's father turns up to clear the confusion. Both his father and Subbanna's family visit Dharmasthala. Murthy meets his school teacher & mentor and his daughter Kamala (Geetha).

Subbanna shifts to Bangalore, intending to settle down after marrying Radha to Murthy. Murthy's teacher dies and his daughter Kamala, who is now a mental patient comes to stay at Murthy. Murthy gets her treated by Dr Jeena Das (Doddanna). Subbanna's elder brother (Parvathavani), who is an astrologer checks Murthy's hand. He predicts Murthy  has dwi-patni yoga, 2 marriages, meaning Murthy's first wife would have a short-life.

Subbanna breaks the marriage, fearing for his daughter's life. Dejected Murthy confronts Subbanna, who lies his daughter is to wed her dead mother's brother in America. Subbanna lies that he would settle down at USA. Murthy ties knot with Kamala, who is now cured of mental problem. Kamala learns about Murthy' s dwi-patni yoga. Subbanna, meanwhile awaits Kamala's death. Murthy and his father confront Subbanna, who is leading a secluded life in the adjacent house. Murthy quotes Purandara Daasa's "Sakala grahabala neene sarasijaaksha" poem, which advises Devotion to Lord alone would thwart all the planetary effects. Kamala hears this conversation.
Fearing she would die during child-birth, She drives to a far-off temple to pray to Goddess Parvati. Murthy, follows her, gets her delivery done in the village and returns with the kid. Radha is heartbroken and loses her mental balance after witnessing the happy couple with their newborn kid. Film ends with the conclusion that astrology has no relevance.

Cast
 Rajkumar as Dr.G.N.Murthy
 Madhavi as Radha
 Geetha as Kamala
 K. S. Ashwath as Nani, Murthy's father
 T. N. Balakrishna as Subbu, Radha's father
 Parvathavani as Subbu's Brother, An Astrologer
 Sadashiva Brahmavar as Ranganna (Kamala's father)
 Thoogudeepa Srinivas as Murthy's brother
 M. S. Umesh as Murthy's P.A.
 Pandari Bai as Murthy's mother
 Doddanna as Psychiatrist Dr. Jeena Das
 M. S. Rajashekar Cameo role as director

Soundtrack

T. G. Lingappa composed the music for the soundtracks and lyrics were written by Chi. Udaya Shankar. The album consists of six soundtracks which were hugely popular upon release.

Trivia
 The entire film story revolves around the Hindu astrology and horoscope followed during typical Hindu Marriages.
 The movie is famous for the song 'Bombeyatavayya' in which comedian role played by M. S. Umesh will be singing for the audience where in the actual singer be Rajkumar singing behind the scenes.

References

External links

1987 films
1980s Kannada-language films
Films scored by T. G. Lingappa
Indian drama films
Films based on Indian novels
Films with screenplays by Chi. Udayashankar
1987 drama films


title: Chinatown station (Muni Metro)

text:
Chinatown station (officially Chinatown–Rose Pak station) is an underground Muni Metro light rail station, located under Stockton Street at Washington Street in the Chinatown neighborhood of San Francisco, California. It opened on November 19, 2022, as part of the Central Subway project. The station's official name honors Rose Pak, a political activist in the Chinatown community who helped secure support and funding for the station and the extension of the T Third Street line.

Design and service
Chinatown station was designed by Kwan Henmi, now DLR Group. It includes retail space at the ground level, and rooftop patio. The station structure extends  below ground and required the deepest building excavation in the City of San Francisco. The underground station features a  public plaza on its roof, only the fifth open space park in the Chinatown neighborhood. San Francisco Chronicle architecture critic John King called Chinatown "the best architectural experience, bottom to top", of the Central Subway stations. King complimented the design of the platform level and the "spacious" headhouse.

The station is also served by Muni bus routes , ,  and , plus two weekday peak hours express services, the  and . Additionally, the  and  bus routes, which provide service along the T Third Street line during the early morning and late night hours respectively when trains do not operate. The Powell-Hyde and Powell-Mason lines of the San Francisco cable car system stop at Powell and Washington Streets, one block west of the station.

Station artwork

Of the ten artworks installed for the Central Subway, three are located at Chinatown station:
Yang Ge Dance of Northeast China by Yumei Hou consists of two large-scale red-painted laser-cut metal panels, based on traditional Chinese paper cutting, featuring folk heroes and inspired by the traditional Yingge dance. One is  in the mezzanine landing; the other is  in the ticketing hall.
Urban Archaeology by Tomie Arai is a large mural on the headhouse wall, measuring  and varying in height between , featuring images of the life and history of the Chinatown area rendered in architectural glass.
A Sense of Community by Clare Rojas is a large tile mural based on Chinese textile samples arranged in a Cathedral Quilting pattern. Located on the cavern wall on the mezzanine level, it forms a semicircle measuring approximately

"One Hundred Years: History of the Chinese in America", a mural painted by James Leong originally for the Ping Yuen housing project in Chinatown, was enlarged, printed, and wrapped in 2012 around the Hogan & Vest building prior to that building's demolition. Three temporary artworks were also displayed on the construction site fence: Panorama by Kota Ezawa in 2013–14, Sight Plan by Maria Park in 2016–17, and Procession by Jason Jägel in 2017.

In 2016, the Chinatown Community Development Center held a contest to write a couplet to welcome visitors to Chinatown. The winning couplet would be written in calligraphy and printed on red opaque glass at the Chinatown station plaza. Carin Mui () submitted the winning entry, , which translates to "In the past we traveled across the Pacific to mine for gold; Now, we break through earth to form a silver dragon."

History

The building at 933–949 Stockton, which housed 56 low-income residents, was acquired by eminent domain and demolished to make way for the new Chinatown station. As required by law, the residents were relocated to a new building at Broadway and Sansome built with the help of city and state grants, including $8 million from the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA).

In July 2017, it was reported that delays on the construction schedule of Chinatown station associated with excavation techniques intended to permit Stockton Street to remain open during construction had propagated through the entire Central Subway construction schedule and the anticipated opening date for the system would slip by ten months. Although Stockton remained open since construction began in 2013, a half-block stretch of Washington Street has been closed, exacerbating existing traffic and parking issues and depressing local business revenues. The ten-month delay meant the anticipated completion date slipped from December 26, 2018, to November 14, 2019. A follow-up report noted the schedule had continued to slip to an anticipated completion date of December 10, 2019, and warned the schedule may continue to slip by several more months. In June, Mayor Ed Lee directed $500,000 to the Office of Economic and Workforce Development to aid Chinatown merchants whose business traffic had slowed from Central Subway construction.

SFMTA announced that excavation for Chinatown station was complete in April 2018. With excavation complete, station construction was set to begin, and the estimated completion date was mid-2019 for a scheduled December 2019 start of revenue service. It ultimately opened on November 19, 2022, with a weekend-only shuttle service between Chinatown and . Regular T Third Street service moved to the Central Subway on January 7, 2023.

The platform stairs and part of the platform were temporarily closed on August 3, 2023, due to a water leak. Repairs, which would involve injecting a filler material behind the station's waterproof shell, were expected to take six months.

Naming
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a resolution in October 2016 asking SFMTA to officially rename the station in honor of Rose Pak, a political activist in the Chinatown community who died the previous month. Supporters cited Pak's influence over the Central Subway project, which was meant in part to bring traffic back to Chinatown that had been lost following the damage and eventual demolition of the Embarcadero Freeway after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. This was controversial, with opponents calling Pak a spy for the Chinese government and an enemy of the Falun Gong movement.

The SFMTA originally demurred the proposal, making an official policy in December 2016 to name stations after geographical destinations, not people. On August 20, 2019, the SFMTA Board in a 4–3 vote then approved the proposal to officially rename the station after Pak.

References

External links

SFMTA – Chinatown – Rose Pak Station

Chinatown, San Francisco
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2022
Railway stations located underground in California
Muni Metro stations


title: Maciej Bydliński

text:
Maciej Bydliński (born March 11, 1988 in Szczyrk, Poland) is an alpine skier from Poland. He competed for Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the alpine skiing events.

References

1988 births
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for Poland
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Polish male alpine skiers
People from Bielsko County
21st-century Polish sportsmen
Skiers from Silesian Voivodeship


title: VA-831 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-831 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve. Details of its early years are sketchy, as few records exist for reserve squadrons prior to 1970, the year during which they began submitting history reports.

On 27 Jan 1968, The President directed the activation of VA-831 following the capture of  by a North Korean patrol boat on four days earlier. In July 1968, the squadron was the first activated East Coast reserve unit to be assigned to an operational air wing. The squadron was deactivated and returned to reserve status on 18 October 1968.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS New York – 27 January 1968
 NAS Cecil Field – 30 May 1968

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 A-4B Skyhawk – January 1968

See also
List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
Attack aircraft
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Mateusz Garniewicz

text:
Mateusz Garniewicz (born 15 January 1990 in Poznań, Poland) is an alpine skier from Poland. He competed for Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the alpine skiing events.

References

1990 births
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for Poland
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Polish male alpine skiers
Sportspeople from Poznań
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
21st-century Polish sportsmen


title: Bohumil Zemánek

text:
Bohumil Zemanek (10 October 1942 in Brno – 12 August 1996 in Prague) was a Czech sculptor and restorer.

Biography
He was born in Brno as the second son of three children of Bohumír Zemánek, a professional soldier, and his wife Anna Zemánková, who later became famous as an important Czech author of art brut.

From 1964 to 1970 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague in the studio of prof. Karel Hladík and later doc. Jiří Bradáček. There he also met his future wife, sculptor and restorer Markéta Paurová. In 1975, the couple had a daughter, Terezie Zemánková.

His work was not in line with the cultural policy of the normalisation regime and therefore he exhibited only sporadically before 1989. Together with the sculptor Michael Bílek, he devoted himself intensively to the restoration of stone sculptural monuments, mainly in North Bohemia.

He was a member of the Mánes Society of Visual Artists.

Works
He was influenced by American pop art. In the Czech milieu he belonged, together with Karel Nepraš, Jiří Sopko or Jiří Načeradský, to the distinctive personalities of the New figuration (do not confuse with Figuration Libre) and the circle of the so-called "Czech grotesque". Already during his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts he formulated a clear artistic signature. From the beginning, he has focused on realistic figurative sculpture, mostly life-size and processed in a cast, but mainly in burnt umber, raw or glazed ceramic clay. His work is characterized by almost animalistic modelling, antiqued print drapery and frequently admitted joints of plaster forms.

Zemánek's early work from the time of his studies had an expressive charge and the sculptor did not hesitate to treat a seemingly drab subject as an unkind grotesque (Kočárek, 1964). The sculpture Boxer was created in 1968 and is a distinctive reaction to the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops. Zemánek's conception of the human figure, stylized into a kind of "folk archetype", is ironic. With humorous detachment, he pilloried petty bourgeois stereotypes (Before the Maid Katy Brings Fish Soup to the Table... 1968) and gluttony (Woman Julie - Dawn 1988–1989, Chess 1986–1987), trivialising the ideal of the working man (Bohouš 1978–79). Zemánek demythicizes to the point of ridicule. His subject is quite consistently the ordinary man of our days in his ordinary clothes and ordinary attitude, conceived so realistically that he stands there "as if alive". In reality, however, Zemánek monumentalises his character by his solid, taut and summarising modelling. Such a combination of human humour and artistic seriousness is rare in sculpture.

A frequent motif in his sculptures was water, which to him was a symbol of freedom, nature and the bliss of physical existence. It is used in the wet draperies glued to the plump bodies of his Women Julia, in sculptures of water games (Water Polo - with Jiří Sopko - 1970, Swimming Pool, 1968, Bath - with Karel Zavadil - 1967) and in a series of figures called The Sea (1981 - 1985). The wet draperies reveal provocatively intimate details, but the gestures and expressions are usually so infantile as to preclude provocative eroticism. Zemánek revelled in this kind of paradox, bridging the genre of his sculptures and sculptures towards humorous but more general metaphors about the human condition.

The fact that Zemánek remained his own is a matter of the particular constitution of his talent and his direct but distinctively motivated relationship to man and people, and thus the result of a certain reticence to the influences of current world currents. It also reflects the situation of Czech spiritual life with one of its typical artistic expressions - the figurative grotesque.

Sculptures in public spaces
Bohumil Zemánek is the author of several realizations in public space, e.g. the children's fountain in the Folimanka park in Prague, or the sculpture Dilemma (1988) in the atrium of the Primary School, Lehotského, Řepy housing estate, Prague 17.

Collections
 National Gallery in Prague
 Prague Municipal Gallery
 Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague
 Moravian Gallery in Brno
 Gallery of Fine Arts Klenová / Klatovy
 North-bohemian Art Gallery of Litomerice
 Regional Gallery of Liberec
 Museum of Art, Olomouc
 Gallery of Fine Arts, Cheb
 Golden Goose Gallery, Prague
 private collections at home and abroad

Solo exhibitions
 1971 Municipal Museum of Prague
 1989 Bohumil Zemanek: Sculptures, Gallery of Fine Arts in Cheb
 1993 Bohumil Zemanek and Mrs. Zemánková, Václav Špála Gallery, Prague
 1994 Bohumil Zemanek and Mrs. Zemánková,  Moravian Gallery in Brno
 2009 Bohumil Zemanek rediscovered, Peron Gallery, Prague
 2012 Bohumil Zemanek – Czech Grotesque, New Town Hall (Prague)

Group exhibitions
 Bohumil Zemánek participated in more than 40 group exhibitions in the Czech Republic and abroad.

Bibliography

Author's catalogues
 1989  Bohumil Zemánek: Sochy, Vykoukal J, GVU Cheb
 1993  Bohumil Zemánek a paní Zemánková, Kříž J, Galerie Václava Špály, Praha

Anthology / reviews
 1985, 78/1985, Jazzová sekce, Praha
 1992, Sborník S.V.U. Mánes (Member exhibitions in the Mánes exhibition halls  11.5 – December 6, 1992 ), Mánes Union of Fine Arts

Books published
 1978 Holub K, Mladí čeští sochaři (Young Czech sculptors), Odeon, Praha
 1979 Růžička M, Vlček T, Současná keramika (Contemporary ceramics), Odeon, Praha
 1994 Chalupecký J, Nové umění v Čechách (New Art in Bohemia), H & H Publishing, Ltd, Jinočany
 2000 Stádníková J et al., Sochy v Praze 1980–2000 (Statues in Prague 1980–2000), Publ. Who's Who, Praha,

References

General references
 Website of Bohumil Zemánek
 Information system abART: Zemánek Bohumil
 Bohumil Zemánek rediscovered, Czech radio 2012
 Czech grotesque of B. Zemánek, Czech radio 2012
 Film: Best times, photogallery
 Restoration works: Chapel of Our Lady of Seventh pain in Vtelno: Photogallery: Most, Fountain at Klementinum, Prague, Monuments Surveys, documents
 Historic photographs, Sixties

20th-century Czech sculptors
20th-century male artists
Czech male sculptors
1942 births
1996 deaths
Artists from Brno
Academy of Fine Arts, Prague alumni


title: Blairsville, Indiana

text:
Blairsville is a census designated place in Robinson Township, Posey County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
Blairsville was laid out in 1837 by Stephen Blair, and named for him. A post office was established at Blairsville in 1838, and remained in operation until 1902.  With the construction of the railroad in 1880, business activity shifted to nearby Wadesville, and the town declined.

Blairsville contains the historic Blairsville Cemetery. A number of the interments are Civil War veterans.

The town of Blairsville is located on Big creek in Robinson township. It was named in honor of Stephen Blair who, in company with Ebenezer Phillips, laid out the town on the Fourth of July, 1837. It soon grew into prominence as a half way place on the Evansville and New Harmony stage road, besides it was fairly well located for the convenience of settlers in all directions from the town as a trading point.

Political speakings were held here quite often in the old days of the Whig and the Democrat. A joint discussion was held here during the campaign of 1842 between Robert Dale Owen, the Democratic candidate for Congress, and John W. Payne, the Whig candidate. Among the first residents of Blairsville were Stephen Blair, after whom the town was named, Ebenezer Phillips, who surveyed the town, Charles Kimball, a Robert Owen and later a Dr. Mitchell, Henry Theuerkauf and Henry Weber, shoemakers. Henry Newman was one of the first blacksmiths. Charles Kimball ran a horse feed mill. Dr. Owen refers to the areas surrounding Blairsville as "the mecca of geologists" due to the preservation of fossilized palm trees and Lepidodendron. John B. Gardner and John Becker were among the early successful merchants and business men. The extension of the Evansville & Terre Haute railroad through Wadesville in 1880 was a severe blow to Blairsville from which the town never recovered. For several years the population has been composed largely, if not entirely, of Germans. The importance of the town in 1842 may be judged by the fact that the following petitioned the "honorable board" for tavern licenses (which meant to sell whiskey also): J. H. Owens, Daniel Cox, William Watson, David R. Downen, M. Duty, Robert Stevens, William Dodge, Nelson Doty, Daniel Elkins, Benjamin Garris, Soren Sorenson, M. Watson, H. W. Young, William F. Phillips and Richard Ramsey.

References

Unincorporated communities in Posey County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana


title: Michał Jasiczek

text:
Michał Jasiczek (born March 13, 1994 in Lublin, Poland) is an alpine skier from Poland. He competed for Poland at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the alpine skiing events.

References

1994 births
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for Poland
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Polish male alpine skiers
Sportspeople from Lublin
21st-century Polish sportsmen


title: The Walker (song)

text:
"The Walker" is a song by the American neo soul band Fitz and the Tantrums. It is the second single from the band's second album More Than Just a Dream. The song was used in two scenes of the film Identity Thief, the trailers for the films The Boxtrolls and Storks, in the trailer for video game The Sims 4, in television commercials for the 86th Academy Awards that were hosted by Ellen DeGeneres, in the 2014 Major League Baseball postseason and in commercials  for Sprite, Supercuts, Reebok ZQuick and Walmart.  From 2014 until the end of the 2017 season, the song was used as the opening theme to the MLB Network show High Heat, hosted by Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo. The song is also featured in the pilot episode of the FOX television sitcom Grandfathered as well as the Netflix original series The Umbrella Academy. It has also been used in the soundtrack of the video game NBA 2K18.

Music video
The video, directed by Warren Kommers, centers around an everyman protagonist (played by Arne Gjelten) who is waiting in line outside the DMV in the sweltering summer heat (band members Michael Fitzpatrick and Noelle Scaggs are also seen in line). Looking increasingly agitated, he suddenly jumps out of line and begins dancing and gesturing his frustration, before storming off. The man is shown walking through the streets of Los Angeles to the beat of the song, occasionally with passerby joining in dance routines with him, and all showing similar frustrated body language and facial expressions.

The protagonist engages in other expressions of anger like punching a chunk out of a cement building, getting in an argument with a police officer who tries to ticket him for jaywalking, walking over an occupied car and dancing on the roof, kicking a boot off a car, bending a No Parking sign in half, and shouting to the sky in a dead-end alleyway. He finally returns to the DMV where he and all the other customers perform another dance routine. The video closes with the man suddenly back in line, implying the entire sequence occurred in his imagination.

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Fitz and the Tantrums songs
2013 songs
2013 singles
Elektra Records singles