title: List of Begonia species

text:
The following species are recognised in the genus Begonia:

A

Begonia abbottii Urb.
Begonia abdullahpieei Kiew
Begonia aberrans Irmsch.
Begonia aborensis Dunn
Begonia acaulis Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia acclivis Coyle
Begonia acerifolia Kunth
Begonia aceroides Irmsch.
Begonia acetosa Vell.
Begonia acetosella Craib
Begonia acida Vell.
Begonia aconitifolia A.DC.
Begonia acuminatissima Merr.
Begonia acutifolia Jacq.
Begonia acutiloba Liebm.
Begonia acutitepala K.Y.Guan & D.K.Tian
Begonia adamsensis Magtoto & Rubite
Begonia adenodes Irmsch.
Begonia adenopoda Lem.
Begonia adenostegia Stapf
Begonia admirabilis Brade
Begonia adpressa Sosef
Begonia adscendens C.B.Clarke
Begonia aenea Linden & André
Begonia aequata A.Gray
Begonia aequatoguineensis Sosef & Nguema
Begonia aequatorialis L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia aequilateralis Irmsch.
Begonia aeranthos L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia affinis Merr.
Begonia aggeloptera N.Hallé
Begonia aguiabrancensis L.Kollmann
Begonia agusanensis Merr.
Begonia akaw Mansibang, Aumentado & Y.P.Ang
Begonia alba Merr.
Begonia albidula Brade
Begonia albobracteata Ridl.
Begonia albococcinea Hook.
Begonia albomaculata C.DC. ex Huber
Begonia × albopicta W.Bull
Begonia alcarrasica J.Sierra
Begonia alchemilloides A.DC.
Begonia algaia L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia alice-clarkae Ziesenh.
Begonia aliciae C.E.C.Fisch.
Begonia alicida C.B.Clarke
Begonia almedana Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia alnifolia A.DC.
Begonia alpina L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia altamiroi Brade
Begonia altissima Ridl.
Begonia altoperuviana A.DC.
Begonia alvarezii Merr.
Begonia alveolata T.T.Yu
Begonia × amabilis Linden
Begonia amphioxus Sands
Begonia ampla Hook.f.
Begonia anaimalaiensis Bedd.
Begonia andamensis Parish ex C.B.Clarke
Begonia andersonii Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia andina Rusby
Begonia androrangensis Humbert
Begonia androturba Coyle
Begonia anemoniflora Irmsch.
Begonia angilogensis Merr.
Begonia angolensis Irmsch.
Begonia angraensis Brade
Begonia angularis Raddi
Begonia angulata Vell.
Begonia angustilimba Merr.
Begonia angustiloba A.DC.
Begonia anisoptera Merr.
Begonia anisosepala Hook.f.
Begonia anjuanensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia ankaranensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia annobonensis A.DC.
Begonia annulata K.Koch
Begonia anodifolia A.DC.
Begonia antaisaka Humbert
Begonia anthonyi Kiew
Begonia × antonietae Brade
Begonia antongilensis Humbert
Begonia antsingyensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia antsiranensis Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia apayaoensis Merr.
Begonia apparicioi Brade
Begonia aptera Blume
Begonia arachnoidea C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia arborescens Raddi
Begonia arboreta Y.M.Shui
Begonia archboldiana Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia areolata Miq.
Begonia arfakensis (Gibbs) L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia argentea Linden
Begonia argenteomarginata Tebbitt
Begonia aridicaulis Ziesenh.
Begonia arnottiana (Wight) A.DC.
Begonia arrogans Irmsch.
Begonia articulata Irmsch.
Begonia artior Irmsch.
Begonia asperifolia Irmsch.
Begonia aspleniifolia Hook.f. ex A.DC.
Begonia assurgens Irmsch. ex Weberling
Begonia asteropyrifolia Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia asympeltata L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia atricha (Miq.) Miq. ex A.DC.
Begonia atroglandulosa Sosef
Begonia augustae Irmsch.
Begonia augustinei Hemsl.
Begonia aurantiflora C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia auriculata Hook.f.
Begonia auritistipula Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia austroguangxiensis Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia austrotaiwanensis Y.K.Chen & C.I.Peng
Begonia awongii Sands
Begonia axillaris Ridl.
Begonia axillipara Ridl.
Begonia azuensis Urb. & Ekman

B

Begonia baccata Hook.f.
Begonia bagotiana Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia bahakensis Sands
Begonia bahiensis A.DC.
Begonia baik C.W.Lin & C.I Peng
Begonia balangcodiae Rubite, S.H.Liu & K.F.Chung
Begonia balansae C.DC.
Begonia balansana Gagnep.
Begonia baliensis Girm.
Begonia balmisiana Balmis
Begonia bamaensis Yan Liu & C.I Peng
Begonia banaoensis J.Sierra
Begonia bangii Kuntze
Begonia bangsamoro D.P.Buenavista
Begonia baramensis Merr.
Begonia barbellata Ridl.
Begonia barborkae Halda
Begonia barkeri Knowles & Westc.
Begonia barkleyana L.B.Sm.
Begonia baronii Baker
Begonia barrigae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia bartlettiana Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia bataiensis Kiew
Begonia baturongensis Kiew
Begonia baumannii Lemoine ex Wittm.
Begonia baviensis Gagnep.
Begonia beccariana Ridl.
Begonia beccarii Warb.
Begonia beddomei Hook.f.
Begonia beijnenii
Begonia bekopakensis Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia bequaertii Robyns & Lawalrée
Begonia berhamanii Kiew
Begonia bernicei Aymard & G.A.Romero
Begonia bernieri A.DC.
Begonia beryllae Ridl.
Begonia besleriifolia Schott
Begonia betsimisaraka Humbert
Begonia bettinae Ziesenh.
Begonia bidentata Raddi
Begonia biflora T.C.Ku
Begonia bifolia Ridl.
Begonia bifurcata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia biguassuensis Brade
Begonia biliranensis Merr.
Begonia binuangensis Merr.
Begonia bipinnatifida J.J.Sm.
Begonia biserrata Lindl.
Begonia bissei J.Sierra
Begonia blancii M.Hughes & C.I Peng
Begonia bogneri Ziesenh.
Begonia boisiana Gagnep.
Begonia boissieri A.DC.
Begonia boiviniana A.DC.
Begonia boliviensis A.DC.
Begonia bolleana Urb. & Ekman
Begonia bolsteri Merr.
Begonia bonii Gagnep.
Begonia bonitoensis Brade
Begonia bonthainensis Hemsl.
Begonia bonus-henricus J.J.de Wilde
Begonia boraceiensis Handro
Begonia borneensis A.DC.
Begonia bosseri Keraudren
Begonia boucheana (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia bouffordii C.I Peng
Begonia bowerae Ziesenh.
Begonia brachybotrys Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia brachyclada Urb. & Ekman
Begonia brachypoda O.E.Schulz
Begonia bracteata Jack
Begonia bracteosa A.DC.
Begonia bradei Irmsch.
Begonia brandbygeana L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia brandisiana Kurz
Begonia brassii Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia breedlovei Burt-Utley
Begonia brevibracteata Kupicha
Begonia brevicaulis A.DC.
Begonia brevicordata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia brevilobata Irmsch.
Begonia brevipedunculata Y.M.Shui
Begonia brevipes Merr.
Begonia brevipetala (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia brevirimosa Irmsch.
Begonia × breviscapa C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia brevisetulosa C.Y.Wu
Begonia bridgesii A.DC.
Begonia bruneiana Sands
Begonia buchtienii Irmsch.
Begonia buddleiifolia A.DC.
Begonia bufoderma L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia buimontana Yamam.
Begonia bulbillifera Link & Otto
Begonia bullata Urb. & Ekman
Begonia bullatifolia L.Kollmann
Begonia burbidgei Stapf
Begonia burkillii Dunn
Begonia burmensis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia burttii Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia buseyi Burt-Utley

C

Begonia cacauicola L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia caespitosa Jack
Begonia calcarea Ridl.
Begonia calcicola Merr.
Begonia calderonii Standl.
Begonia calliantha Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia callosa L.Kollmann
Begonia calvescens (Brade ex L.B.Sm. & R.C.Sm.) E.L.Jacques & Mamede
Begonia campanensis Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia camposportoana Brade
Begonia canarana Miq.
Begonia candollei Ziesenh.
Begonia capanemae Brade
Begonia caparaoensis E.L.Jacques & L.Kollmann
Begonia capensis L.f.
Begonia capillipes Gilg
Begonia capituliformis Irmsch.
Begonia caraguatatubensis Rubite,R.R., M. Irabagon, D. Palacio, Y.P.Ang, & R.Bustam.
Begonia caramoanensis Brade
Begonia cardiocarpa Liebm.
Begonia cardiophora Irmsch.
Begonia cariocana Brade ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia carletonii Standl.
Begonia carnosa Teijsm. & Binn.
Begonia carnosula Ridl.
Begonia carolineifolia Regel
Begonia carpinifolia Liebm.
Begonia carrieae Ziesenh.
Begonia casiguranensis Quisumb. & Merr.
Begonia castaneifolia Otto & Dietr.
Begonia castilloi Merr.
Begonia catharinensis Brade
Begonia cathayana Hemsl.
Begonia cathcartii Hook.f. & Thomson
Begonia caudata Merr.
Begonia cauliflora Sands
Begonia cavaleriei H.Lév.
Begonia cavallyensis A.Chev.
Begonia cavum Ziesenh.
Begonia cebadillensis Houghton ex L.B.Sm. & Schub.
Begonia cehengensis T.C.Ku
Begonia celebica Irmsch.
Begonia cerasiphylla L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia ceratocarpa S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia chaetocarpa Kuntze
Begonia chaiana Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia chiapensis Burt-Utley
Begonia chiasmogyna M.Hughes
Begonia chingii Irmsch.
Begonia chishuiensis T.C.Ku
Begonia chitoensis Tang S.Liu & M.J.Lai
Begonia chivatoa Ziesenh.
Begonia chlorandra Sands
Begonia chlorocarpa Irmsch. ex Sands
Begonia chlorolepis L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia chloroneura P.Wilkie & Sands
Begonia chlorosticta Sands
Begonia chongii Sands
Begonia × chungii C.I Peng & S.M.Ku
Begonia chuniana C.Y.Wu
Begonia chuyunshanensis C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen
Begonia ciliifera Merr.
Begonia ciliobracteata Warb.
Begonia cincinnifera Irmsch.
Begonia cinnabarina Hook.
Begonia circumlobata Hance
Begonia cirrosa L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia cladocarpoides Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia cladotricha M.Hughes
Begonia clarkei Hook.f.
Begonia clavicaulis Irmsch.
Begonia clemensiae Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia cleopatrae Coyle
Begonia clypeifolia Hook.f.
Begonia coccinea Hook.
Begonia coelocentroides Y.M.Shui & Z.D.Wei
Begonia cognata Irmsch.
Begonia collaris Brade
Begonia collina Irmsch.
Begonia collisiae Merr.
Begonia colombiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia colorata Warb.
Begonia comata Kuntze
Begonia comestibilis D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia comorensis Warb.
Begonia compacticaulis Irmsch.
Begonia concanensis A.DC.
Begonia conchifolia A.Dietr.
Begonia concinna Schott
Begonia confinis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia confusa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia congesta Ridl.
Begonia conipila Irmsch. ex Kiew
Begonia consanguinea Merr.
Begonia consobrina Irmsch.
Begonia contracta Warb.
Begonia convallariodora C.DC.
Begonia convolvulacea (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia cooperi C.DC.
Begonia copelandii Merr.
Begonia copeyana C.DC.
Begonia coptidifolia H.G.Ye, F.G.Wang, Y.S.Ye & C.I Peng
Begonia coptidimontana C.Y.Wu
Begonia cordata Vell.
Begonia cordifolia (Wight) Thwaites
Begonia coriacea Hassk.
Begonia corneri Kiew
Begonia cornitepala Irmsch.
Begonia cornuta L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia coronensis Merr.
Begonia corredorana C.DC.
Begonia corrugata Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia corzoensis Ziesenh.
Begonia coursii Humbert ex Aymonin
Begonia cowellii Nash
Begonia crassicaulis Lindl.
Begonia crateris Exell
Begonia crenata Dryand.
Begonia crinita Oliv. ex Hook.f.
Begonia crispipila Elmer
Begonia crispula Brade
Begonia cristata Warb. ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia cristobalensis Ziesenh.
Begonia croatii Burt-Utley
Begonia crocea C.I Peng
Begonia cryptocarpa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia crystallina Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia cuatrecasana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia cubensis Hassk.
Begonia cucphuongensis H.Q.Nguyen & Tebbitt
Begonia cucullata Willd.
Begonia cucurbitifolia C.Y.Wu
Begonia cuernavacensis Ziesenh.
Begonia cumingiana (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia cumingii A.Gray
Begonia cuneatifolia Irmsch.
Begonia cupreata Henriq.
Begonia curtii L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia curtisii Ridl.
Begonia curvicarpa S.M.Ku, C.I Peng & Yan Liu
Begonia cyanescens Sands
Begonia cyathophora Poepp. & Endl.
Begonia cylindrata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia cylindrica D.R.Liang & X.X.Chen
Begonia cymbalifera L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.

D

Begonia davisii Burbridge
Begonia daweishanensis S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia daxinensis T.C.Ku
Begonia dealbata Liebm.
Begonia debaoensis C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia debilis King
Begonia decandra Pav. ex A.DC.
Begonia decaryana Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia declinata Vell.
Begonia decora Stapf
Begonia delicata Gregório & J.A.S. Costa
Begonia delicatula Parish ex C.B.Clarke
Begonia demissa Craib
Begonia densifolia Irmsch.
Begonia densiretis Irmsch.
Begonia dentatiloba A.DC.
Begonia dentatobracteata C.Y.Wu
Begonia denticulata Kunth
Begonia depauperata Schott
Begonia descoleana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia dewildei Sosef
Begonia dichotoma Jacq.
Begonia didyma D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia dielsiana E.Pritz. ex Diels
Begonia dietrichiana Irmsch.
Begonia diffusa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia diffusiflora Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia digitata Raddi
Begonia digyna Irmsch.
Begonia dinhdui Craib
Begonia dioica Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Begonia dipetala Graham
Begonia discrepans Irmsch.
Begonia discreta Craib
Begonia divaricata Irmsch.
Begonia diversistipulata Irmsch.
Begonia diwolii Kiew
Begonia djamuensis Irmsch.
Begonia dodsonii L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia dolichotricha Merr.
Begonia domingensis A.DC.
Begonia donkelaariana Lem.
Begonia dosedlae Gilli
Begonia dregei Otto & Dietr.
Begonia dressleri Burt-Utley
Begonia droopiae Ardi
Begonia dryadis Irmsch.
Begonia duclouxii Gagnep.
Begonia dugandiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia duncan-thomasii Sosef
Begonia dux C.B.Clarke
Begonia datii T.S.Hoang & C.W.Lin

E

Begonia eberhardtii Gagnep.
Begonia ebolowensis Engl.
Begonia echinosepala Regel
Begonia eciliata O.E.Schulz
Begonia edanoi Merr.
Begonia edmundoi Brade
Begonia edulis H.Lév.
Begonia egregia N.E.Br.
Begonia eiromischa Ridl.
Begonia elaeagnifolia Hook.f.
Begonia elastotemmoides Hook. f.
Begonia elatostematoides Merr.
Begonia elatostemma Ridl.
Begonia elatostemmoides Hook.f.
Begonia elianeae Gregório & J.A.S. Costa
Begonia eliassii Warb.
Begonia elisabethae Kiew
Begonia elmeri Merr.
Begonia elnidoensis C.I Peng, Rubite & C.W.Lin
Begonia emeiensis C.M.Hu
Begonia eminii Warb.
Begonia engleri Gilg
Begonia epibaterium Mart. ex A.DC.
Begonia epipsila Brade
Begonia erecta Vell.
Begonia erectocaulis Sosef
Begonia erectotricha Sosef
Begonia erminea L'Hér.
Begonia erythrocarpa A.DC.
Begonia erythrogyna Sands
Begonia esculenta Merr.
Begonia espiritosantensis E.L.Jacques & Mamede
Begonia estrellensis C.DC.
Begonia euryphylla L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia eutricha Sands
Begonia everettii Merr.
Begonia exalata C.DC.
Begonia exigua Irmsch.
Begonia exilis O.E.Schulz
Begonia extensa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia extranea L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.

F

Begonia fabulosa L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia fagifolia Fisch.
Begonia falcifolia Hook.f.
Begonia falciloba Liebm.
Begonia fangii Y.M.Shui & C.I Peng
Begonia fasciculata Jack
Begonia fasciculiflora Merr.
Begonia faustinoi Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia fellereriana Irmsch.
Begonia fengii T.C.Ku
Begonia fenicis Merr.
Begonia fernaldiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia fernandoi-costae Irmsch.
Begonia ferox C.-I Peng & Yan Liu
Begonia ferramica N.Hallé
Begonia ferruginea L.f.
Begonia festiva Craib
Begonia fibrosa C.B.Clarke
Begonia fiebrigii C.DC.
Begonia filibracteosa Irmsch.
Begonia filiformis Irmsch.
Begonia fimbriata Liebm.
Begonia fimbribracteata Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia fimbristipula Hance
Begonia fischeri Schrank
Begonia fissistyla Irmsch.
Begonia flacca Irmsch.
Begonia flaccidissima Kurz
Begonia flagellaris H.Hara
Begonia flaviflora H.Hara
Begonia flexicaulis Ridl.
Begonia flexula Ridl.
Begonia floccifera Bedd.
Begonia fluminensis Brade
Begonia foliosa Kunth
Begonia forbesii King
Begonia fordii Irmsch.
Begonia forgetiana Hemsl.
Begonia formosana (Hayata) Masam.
Begonia formosissima Sandwith
Begonia forrestii Irmsch.
Begonia fortunensis Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia foveolata Irmsch.
Begonia foxworthyi Burkill ex Ridl.
Begonia francisiae Ziesenh.
Begonia francoisii Guillaumin
Begonia fraseri Kiew
Begonia friburgensis Brade
Begonia froebelii A.DC.
Begonia fruticella Ridl.
Begonia fruticosa (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia fuchsiiflora (A.DC.) A.I.Baranov & F.A.Barkley
Begonia fuchsioides Hook.
Begonia fulgurata Peng, C.-I; Lin, C.-W.; Phutthai, T.
Begonia fulvosetulosa Brade
Begonia fulvovillosa Warb.
Begonia furfuracea Hook.f.
Begonia fusca Liebm.
Begonia fuscisetosa Sands
Begonia fuscocaulis Brade
Begonia fusialata Warb.
Begonia fusibulba C.DC.
Begonia fusicarpa Irmsch.

G

Begonia gabonensis J.J.de Wilde
Begonia gagnepainiana Irmsch.
Begonia gamolepis L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia garagarana C.DC.
Begonia gardneri A.DC.
Begonia garrettii Craib
Begonia garuvae L.B.Sm. & R.C.Sm.
Begonia gehrtii Irmsch.
Begonia gemella Warb. ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia geminiflora L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia gemmipara Hook.f. & Thomson
Begonia gemmirhiza H.Lév.
Begonia gentilii De Wild.
Begonia geoffrayi Gagnep.
Begonia georgei Coyle
Begonia geraniifolia Hook.
Begonia geranioides Hook.f.
Begonia gesnerioides L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia gibbsiae Irmsch. ex Sands
Begonia gigabracteata Hong Z.Li & H.Ma
Begonia gigaphylla Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia gilgiana Irmsch.
Begonia gironellae C.I Peng & Rubite & C.W.Lin
Begonia gitingensis Elmer
Begonia glaberrima Urb. & Ekman
Begonia glabra Aubl.
Begonia glabricaulis Irmsch.
Begonia glandulifera Griseb.
Begonia glandulosa A.DC. ex Hook.
Begonia glauca (Klotzsch) Ruiz & Pav. ex A.DC.
Begonia glaucoides Irmsch.
Begonia glechomifolia C.M.Hu
Begonia glutinosa Kiew
Begonia goegoensis N.E.Br.
Begonia goldingiana L.Kollmann & A.P.Fontana
Begonia gomantongensis Kiew
Begonia goniotis C.B.Clarke
Begonia gorgonea Tebbitt
Begonia gossweileri Irmsch.
Begonia goudotii A.DC.
Begonia gracilicyma Irmsch. ex M.Hughes
Begonia gracilior Burt-Utley & McVaugh
Begonia gracilipes Merr.
Begonia gracilis Kunth
Begonia gracillima A.DC.
Begonia grandipetala Irmsch.
Begonia grandis Dryand.
Begonia grantiana Craib
Begonia grata Geddes
Begonia griffithiana (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia grisea A.DC.
Begonia groenewegensis K.Koch & Fint.
Begonia guaduensis Kunth
Begonia guangxiensis C.Y.Wu
Begonia guaniana H.Ma & Hong Z.Li
Begonia guatemalensis Van Houtte ex Galeotti
Begonia gueritziana Gibbs
Begonia guishanensis S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia gulinqingensis S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia gungshanensis C.Y.Wu
Begonia gunnerifolia Linden & André
Begonia gutierrezii Coyle
Begonia guttapila D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia guttata Wall. ex A.DC.

H

Begonia hahiepiana H.Q.Nguyen & Tebbitt
Begonia hainanensis Chun & F.Chun
Begonia halconensis Merr.
Begonia handelii Irmsch.
Begonia handroi Brade
Begonia haniffii Burkill
Begonia harlingii L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia harmandii Gagnep.
Begonia hasskarliana (Miq.) Miq. ex A.DC.
Begonia hassleri C.DC.
Begonia hatacoa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Begonia havilandii Ridl.
Begonia hayamiana Nob.Tanaka
Begonia hayatae Gagnep.
Begonia hekensis D.C.Thomas
Begonia hekouensis S.H.Huang
Begonia heliostrophe Kiew
Begonia hemsleyana Hook.f.
Begonia henryi Hemsl.
Begonia heracleifolia Cham. & Schltdl.
Begonia herbacea Vell.
Begonia heringeri Brade
Begonia hernandioides Merr.
Begonia herrerae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia herteri Irmsch.
Begonia herveyana King
Begonia heterochroma Sosef
Begonia heteroclinis Miq. ex Koord.
Begonia heteropoda Baker
Begonia hexandra Irmsch.
Begonia hexaptera Sands
Begonia heydei C.DC.
Begonia hidirii Tawan, Ipor & Meekiong
Begonia hilariana A.DC.
Begonia hintoniana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia hirsuta Aubl.
Begonia hirsuticaulis Irmsch.
Begonia hirsutula Hook.f.
Begonia hirta (Klotzsch) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia hirtella Link
Begonia hispida Schott ex A.DC.
Begonia hispidissima Zipp. ex Koord.
Begonia hispidivillosa Ziesenh.
Begonia hitchcockii Irmsch.
Begonia hoehneana Irmsch.
Begonia holmnielseniana L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia holosericea Teijsm. & Binn.
Begonia holtonis A.DC.
Begonia holttumii Irmsch.
Begonia homonyma Steud.
Begonia hondurensis Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia hongkongensis F.W.Xing
Begonia hookeriana Gardner
Begonia horsfieldii (Miq.) Miq. ex A.DC.
Begonia horticola Irmsch.
Begonia houttuynioides T.T.Yu
Begonia howii Merr. & Chun
Begonia huangii Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia hubertii Ziesenh.
Begonia huegelii (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia hullettii Ridl.
Begonia humbertii Keraudren
Begonia humboldtiana Gibbs
Begonia humericola Sands
Begonia humilicaulis Irmsch.
Begonia humilis Aiton
Begonia humillima L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia hydrocotylifolia Otto ex Hook.
Begonia hydrophylloides L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia hymenocarpa C.Y.Wu
Begonia hymenophylla Gagnep.
Begonia hymenophylloides F.K.Ward ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh.

I

Begonia ibitiocensis E.L.Jacques & Mamede
Begonia ignea (Klotzsch) Warsz. ex A.DC.
Begonia ignorata Irmsch.
Begonia imbricata Sands
Begonia imitans Irmsch.
Begonia imperfecta Irmsch.
Begonia imperialis Lem.
Begonia incarnata Link & Otto
Begonia incerta Craib
Begonia incisa A.DC.
Begonia incisoserrata (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia incondita Craib
Begonia inconspicua Brade
Begonia inculta Irmsch.
Begonia inostegia Stapf
Begonia insueta D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia insularis Brade
Begonia insularum Irmsch.
Begonia integerrima Spreng.
Begonia integrifolia Dalzell
Begonia intermixta Irmsch.
Begonia inversa Irmsch.
Begonia involucrata Liebm.
Begonia ionophylla Irmsch.
Begonia iridescens Dunn
Begonia irmscheri L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia isabelensis Quisumb. & Merr.
Begonia isalensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia isoptera Dryand. ex Sm.
Begonia isopterocarpa Irmsch.
Begonia isopteroidea King
Begonia itaguassuensis Brade
Begonia itapavensis Brade
Begonia itatiaiensis Brade
Begonia itatinensis Irmsch. ex Brade
Begonia iucunda Irmsch.

J

Begonia jagorii Warb.
Begonia jaliscana Burt-Utley
Begonia jamaicensis A.DC.
Begonia jarmilae Halda
Begonia jayaensis Kiew
Begonia jenmanii Tutin
Begonia jiewhoei Kiew
Begonia jingxiensis D.Fang & Y.G.Wei
Begonia jocelinoi Brade
Begonia johnstonii Oliv. ex Hook.f.
Begonia josephi A.DC.
Begonia juliana Loefgr. ex Irmsch.
Begonia juliasangii Kiew
Begonia juninensis Irmsch.
Begonia juntasensis Kuntze
Begonia jureiensis S.J.Gomes da Silva & Mamede

K

Begonia kachak K.G.Pearce
Begonia kachinensis Nob.Tanaka
Begonia kalabenonensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia kalbreyeri (Oliv.) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia kaniensis Irmsch.
Begonia karperi J.C.Arends
Begonia karwinskyana A.DC.
Begonia kasutensis K.G.Pearce
Begonia keeana Kiew
Begonia keithii Kiew
Begonia kelliana Irmsch.
Begonia kenworthyae Ziesenh.
Begonia keraudreniae Bosser
Begonia kerrii Craib
Begonia kerstingii Irmsch.
Begonia khasiana C.B.Clarke
Begonia kiamfeei Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia killipiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia kinabaluensis Sands
Begonia kingdon-wardii Tebbitt
Begonia kingiana Irmsch.
Begonia kisuluana Büttner
Begonia klemmei Merr.
Begonia klossii Ridl.
Begonia knoopii Ziesenh.
Begonia koksunii Kiew
Begonia komoensis Irmsch.
Begonia konderreisiana L.B.Sm. & R.C.Sm.
Begonia koordersii Warb. ex L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia kortsiae Ziesenh.
Begonia kouytcheouensis Guillaumin
Begonia krystofii Halda
Begonia kuhlmannii Brade
Begonia kui C.I Peng
Begonia kunthiana Walp.
Begonia kurakura Tawan, Ipor & Meekiong

L

Begonia labordei H.Lév.
Begonia laccophora Sands
Begonia lacera Merr.
Begonia lacerata Irmsch.
Begonia lachaoensis Ziesenh.
Begonia lacunosa Warb.
Begonia laevis Ridl.
Begonia lagunensis Elmer
Begonia lailana Kiew & Geri
Begonia lambii Kiew
Begonia laminariae Irmsch.
Begonia lancangensis S.H.Huang(vi)
Begonia lanceolata Vell.
Begonia lancifolia Merr.
Begonia lancilimba Merr.
Begonia langbianensis Baker f.
Begonia lansbergeae L.Linden & Rodigas
Begonia lanstyakii Brade
Begonia lanternaria Irmsch.
Begonia laporteifolia Warb.
Begonia larorum L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia laruei M.Hughes
Begonia lasioura D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia latistipula Merr.
Begonia lauterbachii Warb.
Begonia laxa L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia layang-layang Kiew
Begonia lazat Kiew & Reza Azmi
Begonia lealii Brade
Begonia leandrii Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia leathermaniae O'Reilly & Kareg.
Begonia lecomtei Gagnep.
Begonia ledermannii Irmsch.
Begonia lehmannii (Irmsch.) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia leivae J.Sierra
Begonia lempuyangensis Girm.
Begonia lemurica Keraudren
Begonia lengguanii Kiew
Begonia leopoldinensis L.Kollmann
Begonia lepida Blume
Begonia lepidella Ridl.
Begonia leprosa Hance
Begonia leptantha C.B.Rob.
Begonia leptoptera H.Hara
Begonia leptostyla Irmsch.
Begonia letestui J.J.de Wilde
Begonia letouzeyi Sosef
Begonia leucantha Ridl.
Begonia leucochlora Sands
Begonia leuconeura Urb. & Ekman
Begonia leucosticta Warb.
Begonia leucotricha Sands
Begonia libanensis Urb.
Begonia libera (L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.) L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia lignescens Morton
Begonia limprichtii Irmsch.
Begonia lindleyana Walp.
Begonia lindmanii Brade
Begonia linearifolia J.Sierra
Begonia lineolata Brade
Begonia lipingensis Irmsch.
Begonia lipolepis L.B.Sm.
Begonia listada L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia lithophila C.Y.Wu
Begonia littleri Merr.
Begonia liuyanii C.I Peng, S.M.Ku & W.C.Leong
Begonia lobbii (Hassk.) A.DC.
Begonia loheri Merr.
Begonia lombokensis Girm.
Begonia lomensis Britton & Wilson
Begonia longanensis C.Y.Wu
Begonia longialata K.Y.Guan & D.K.Tian
Begonia longibarbata Brade
Begonia longibractea Merr.
Begonia longicarpa K.Y.Guan & D.K.Tian
Begonia longicaulis Ridl.
Begonia longifolia Blume
Begonia longimaculata Irmsch.
Begonia longinoda Merr.
Begonia longipedunculata Golding & Kareg.
Begonia longipetiolata Gilg
Begonia longirostris Benth.
Begonia longiscapa Warb.
Begonia longiseta Irmsch.
Begonia longistipula Merr.
Begonia longistyla Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia longivillosa A.DC.
Begonia lopensis Sosef & M.E.Leal
Begonia lophoptera Rolfe
Begonia loranthoides Hook.f.
Begonia lossiae L.Kollmann
Begonia louis-williamsii Burt-Utley
Begonia lowiana King
Begonia lubbersii E.Morren
Begonia lucidissima Golding & Kareg.
Begonia lucifuga Irmsch.
Begonia ludicra A.DC.
Begonia ludwigii Irmsch.
Begonia lugonis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia lukuana Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou
Begonia lunaris E.L.Jacques
Begonia lunatistyla Irmsch.
Begonia luochengensis S.M.Ku, C.I Peng & Yan Liu
Begonia lushaiensis C.E.C.Fisch.
Begonia lutea L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia luxurians Scheidw.
Begonia luzhaiensis T.C.Ku
Begonia luzonensis Warb.
Begonia lyallii A.DC.
Begonia lyman-smithii Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia lyniceorum Burt-Utley

M

Begonia macduffieana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia macgregorii Merr.
Begonia machrisiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia macintyreana M.Hughes
Begonia macra A.DC.
Begonia macrocarpa Warb.
Begonia macrotis Vis.
Begonia macrotoma Irmsch.
Begonia maculata Raddi
Begonia madaiensis Kiew
Begonia madecassa Keraudren
Begonia maestrensis Urb.
Begonia magdalenae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia magdalenensis Brade
Begonia majungaensis Guillaumin
Begonia makrinii C.V. Morton ex Burt-Utley & K. Utley
Begonia malabarica Lam.
Begonia malachosticta Sands
Begonia malindangensis Merr.
Begonia malipoensis S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia malmquistiana Irmsch.
Begonia mamutensis Sands
Begonia mananjebensis Humbert
Begonia mangorensis Humbert
Begonia manhaoensis S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia manicata Brongn.
Begonia manillensis A.DC.
Begonia mannii Hook.f.
Begonia manuselaensis, endemic of Manusela National Park on karst lowland, Ceram Island
Begonia maracayuensis Parodi
Begonia mariae L.B.Sm.
Begonia mariannensis Wassh. & McClellan
Begonia mariti Burt-Utley
Begonia marnieri Keraudren
Begonia marojejyensis Humbert
Begonia martabanica A.DC.
Begonia masarangensis Irmsch.
Begonia mashanica D.Fang & D.H.Qin
Begonia masoalaensis M.Hughes
Begonia masoniana Irmsch. ex Ziesenh.
Begonia matogrossensis L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia mattos-silvae L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia matudae Burt-Utley & Utley
Begonia maurandiae A.DC.
Begonia maxima hort. ex Klotzsch
Begonia maxwelliana King
Begonia mayasiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia maynensis A.DC.
Begonia mazae Ziesenh.
Begonia mbangaensis Sosef
Begonia mearnsii Merr.
Begonia media Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia medusae Linden
Begonia megacarpa Merr.
Begonia megalantha Merr.
Begonia megalophyllaria C.Y.Wu
Begonia megaptera A.DC.
Begonia mekonggensis Girm. & Wiriad.
Begonia melanobullata C.-I Peng & C. W. Lin.
Begonia melikopia Kiew
Begonia membranacea A.DC.
Begonia mendumae M.Hughes
Begonia menglianensis Y.Y.Qian
Begonia mengtzeana Irmsch.
Begonia meridensis A.DC.
Begonia meriraiensis S.Julia & Kiew
Begonia merrittii Merr.
Begonia mexicana G. Karst. ex Fotsch
Begonia meyeri-johannis Engl.
Begonia meysseliana Linden
Begonia michoacana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia micranthera Griseb.
Begonia microcarpa A.DC.
Begonia microptera Hook.f.
Begonia microsperma Warb.
Begonia mildbraedii Gilg
Begonia militaris L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia mindanaensis Warb.
Begonia mindorensis Merr.
Begonia minicarpa H.Hara
Begonia minjemensis Irmsch.
Begonia minor Jacq.
Begonia minuta Sosef
Begonia minutiflora Sands
Begonia minutifolia N.Hallé
Begonia miranda Irmsch.
Begonia modestiflora Kurz
Begonia molinana Burt-Utley
Begonia molleri (C.DC.) Warb.
Begonia mollicaulis Irmsch.
Begonia mollis A.DC.
Begonia monadelpha (Klotzsch) Ruiz & Pav. ex A.DC.
Begonia monantha Warb.
Begonia monicae Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia monophylla Pav. ex A.DC.
Begonia montana (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia montis-bismarckii Warb.
Begonia montis-elephantis J.J.de Wilde
Begonia mooreana (Irmsch.) L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia morelii Irmsch. ex Kareg.
Begonia morifolia T.T.Yu
Begonia morii Burt-Utley
Begonia morrisiorum Rekha Morris & P.D.McMillan
Begonia morsei Irmsch.
Begonia moszkowskii Irmsch.
Begonia moysesii Brade
Begonia mucronistipula C.DC.
Begonia muliensis T.T.Yu
Begonia multangula Blume
Begonia multibracteata Girm.
Begonia multidentata Warb.
Begonia multijugata M.Hughes
Begonia multinervia Liebm.
Begonia multistaminea Burt-Utley
Begonia muricata Blume
Begonia murina Craib
Begonia murudensis Merr.
Begonia mystacina L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia mysteriosa L.Kollmann & A.P.Fontana
Begonia masilig J.Collantes, C.J.P.Dela Cruz & Y.P.Ang,

N

Begonia nagaensis Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia nana L'Hér.
Begonia nantoensis M.J.Lai & N.J.Chung
Begonia napoensis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia naumoniensis Irmsch.
Begonia neglecta A.DC.
Begonia negrosensis Elmer
Begonia nelumbiifolia Cham. & Schltdl.
Begonia nemoralis L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia neocomensium A.DC.
Begonia neoharlingii L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia neoperrieri Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia neopurpurea L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia nepalensis (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia nevadensis Dorr
Begonia niahensis K.G.Pearce
Begonia nigritarum Steud.
Begonia ningmingensis D.Fang, Y.G.Wei & C.I Peng
Begonia nivea Parish ex Kurz
Begonia nobmanniae D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia nossibea A.DC.
Begonia notata Craib
Begonia notiophila Urb.
Begonia novalombardiensis L.Kollmann
Begonia novogranatae A.DC.
Begonia novoguineensis Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia nubicola L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia nuda Irmsch.
Begonia nummulariifolia Putz.
Begonia nurii Irmsch.
Begonia nuwakotensis S.Rajbh.
Begonia nyassensis Irmsch.
Begonia nymphaeifolia T.T.Yu

O

Begonia oaxacana A.DC.
Begonia oblanceolata Rusby
Begonia obliqua L.
Begonia obliquifolia S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia oblongata Merr.
Begonia oblongifolia Stapf
Begonia obovatistipula C.DC.
Begonia obovoidea Craib
Begonia obscura Brade
Begonia obsolescens Irmsch.
Begonia obtecticaulis Irmsch.
Begonia obtusifolia Merr.
Begonia obversa C.B.Clarke
Begonia occhionii Brade
Begonia octopetala L'Hér.
Begonia odeteiantha Handro
Begonia oellgaardii L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia olbia Kerch.
Begonia oligandra Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia oligantha Merr.
Begonia oligophylla Blume ex Miq.
Begonia oliveri L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia olsoniae L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia ophiogyna L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia opuliflora Putz.
Begonia orbiculata Jack
Begonia orchidiflora Griff.
Begonia oreodoxa Chun & F.Chun
Begonia oreophila Kiew
Begonia organensis Brade
Begonia ornithocarpa Standl.
Begonia ornithophylla Irmsch.
Begonia otophora Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia otophylla L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia ovatifolia A.DC.
Begonia oxyanthera Warb.
Begonia oxyloba Welw. ex Hook.f.
Begonia oxysperma A.DC.
Begonia oxyura Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia ozotothrix D.C.Thomas

P

Begonia pachyrhachis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia padangensis Irmsch.
Begonia paganuccii Gregório & J.A.S. Costa
Begonia palawanensis Merr.
Begonia paleacea Kurz
Begonia paleata A.DC.
Begonia palmata D.Don
Begonia palmeri S.Watson
Begonia panayensis Merr.
Begonia panchtharensis S.Rajbh.
Begonia paniculata Parodi
Begonia pantherina Putz. ex Linden
Begonia paoana Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia papuana Warb.
Begonia papyraptera Sands
Begonia paraguayensis Parodi
Begonia paranaensis Brade
Begonia parcifolia C.DC.
Begonia parilis Irmsch.
Begonia parishii C.B.Clarke
Begonia parodiana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia parva Merr.
Begonia parviflora Poepp. & Endl.
Begonia parvifolia Schott
Begonia parvilimba Merr.
Begonia parvistipulata Irmsch.
Begonia parvula H.Lév. & Vaniot
Begonia parvuliflora A.DC.
Begonia pasamanensis M.Hughes
Begonia pastoensis A.DC.
Begonia paucilobata C.Y.Wu
Begonia paulensis A.DC.
Begonia paupercula King
Begonia pavonina Ridl.
Begonia payung S.Julia & Kiew
Begonia pearcei Hook.f.
Begonia pectennervia L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia pedata Liebm.
Begonia pedatifida H.Lév.
Begonia pediophylla Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia pedunculosa Wall.
Begonia peekelii Irmsch.
Begonia peii C.Y.Wu
Begonia pelargoniiflora J.J.de Wilde & J.C.Arends
Begonia peltata Otto & Dietr.
Begonia peltatifolia Li
Begonia peltifolia Schott
Begonia peltigera Irmsch.
Begonia pendula Ridl.
Begonia pengii S.M.Ku & Yan Liu
Begonia pennellii L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia penrissenensis Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia pensilis L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia pentaphragmifolia Ridl.
Begonia pentaphylla Walp.
Begonia peperomioides Hook.f.
Begonia perakensis King
Begonia per-dusenii Brade
Begonia peristegia Stapf
Begonia pernambucensis Brade
Begonia perpusilla A.DC.
Begonia perrieri Bois
Begonia perryae L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia peruibensis Handro
Begonia peruviana A.DC.
Begonia petasitifolia Brade
Begonia phamiana Kiew
Begonia philodendroides Ziesenh.
Begonia phoeniogramma Ridl.
Begonia phrixophylla Blatt. & McCann
Begonia phuthoensis H.Q.Nguyen
Begonia phyllomaniaca Mart.
Begonia physandra Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia pickelii Irmsch.
Begonia picta Sm.
Begonia picturata Yan Liu, S.M.Ku & C.I Peng
Begonia pierrei Gagnep.
Begonia pilgeriana Irmsch.
Begonia pilosa Jack
Begonia pilosella Irmsch.
Begonia pinetorum A.DC.
Begonia pinglinensis C.I Peng
Begonia pinheironis L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia pinnatifida Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia piresiana Handro
Begonia piring Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia piurensis L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia plantaginea L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia platanifolia Schott
Begonia platycarpa Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia platyphylla Merr.
Begonia platyptera Urb.
Begonia plebeja Liebm.
Begonia pleioclada Irmsch.
Begonia pleiopetala A.DC.
Begonia plumieri Kunth
Begonia pluvialis L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia poculifera Hook.f.
Begonia poilanei Kiew
Begonia polilloensis Tebbitt
Begonia polyandra Irmsch.
Begonia polygonata Liebm.
Begonia polygonifolia A.DC.
Begonia polygonoides Hook.f.
Begonia polypetala A.DC.
Begonia polytricha C.Y.Wu
Begonia popenoei Standl.
Begonia porteana Van Geert
Begonia porteri H.Lév. & Vaniot
Begonia portillana S.Watson
Begonia postarii Kiew
Begonia potamophila Gilg
Begonia praerupta Irmsch.
Begonia praetermissa Kiew
Begonia preussii Warb.
Begonia prieurii A.DC.
Begonia princeae Gilg
Begonia princeps (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia pringlei S.Watson
Begonia prionophylla Irmsch.
Begonia prionota D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia prismatocarpa Hook.
Begonia procridifolia Wall. ex A.DC.
Begonia prolifera A.DC.
Begonia prolixa Craib
Begonia promethea Ridl.
Begonia propinqua Ridl.
Begonia pruinata (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia pryeriana Ridl.
Begonia pseudodaedalea P.D.McMillan & Rekha Morris
Begonia pseudodaxinensis S.M.Ku, Yan Liu & C.I Peng
Begonia pseudodryadis C.Y.Wu
Begonia pseudoglauca Irmsch.
Begonia pseudolateralis Warb.
Begonia pseudoleprosa C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia pseudolubbersii Brade
Begonia pseudomuricata Girm.
Begonia pseudoviola Gilg
Begonia psilophylla Irmsch.
Begonia pteridiformis Phutthai
Begonia pubescens Ridl.
Begonia pudica L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia pulchella Raddi
Begonia pulcherrima Sosef
Begonia pulchra (Ridl.) L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia pululahuana C.DC.
Begonia pulvinifera C.I Peng & Yan Liu
Begonia pumila Craib
Begonia pumilio Irmsch.
Begonia punbatuensis Kiew
Begonia punchak Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia purdieana A.DC.
Begonia purpureofolia S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia purpusii Houghton ex Ziesenh.
Begonia puspitae Ardi
Begonia pustulata Liebm.
Begonia puttii Craib
Begonia pycnantha Urb. & Ekman
Begonia pygmaea Irmsch.
Begonia pyrrha Ridl.

Q

Begonia quadrialata Warb.
Begonia quaternata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia quercifolia A.DC.
Begonia quinquealata C.I Peng & Rubite & C.W.Lin

R

Begonia rabilii Craib
Begonia racemiflora Ortgies ex C.Chev.
Begonia racemosa Jack
Begonia rachmatii Tebbitt
Begonia radicans Vell.
Begonia rafael-torresii Burt-Utley
Begonia raimondii Irmsch.
Begonia rajah Ridl.
Begonia ramentacea Paxton
Begonia ramosii Merr.
Begonia randiana Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia rantemarioensis D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia ravenii C.I.Peng & Y.K.Chen
Begonia razafinjohanyi Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia reflexisquamosa C.Y.Wu
Begonia reginula Kiew
Begonia × reichenheimii G. Bartsch
Begonia relicta L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia renifolia Irmsch.
Begonia reniformis Dryand.
Begonia repens Lam.
Begonia repenticaulis Irmsch.
Begonia retinervia D.Fang, D.H.Qin & C.I Peng
Begonia retusa O.E.Schulz
Begonia rex Putz.
Begonia rheifolia Irmsch.
Begonia rhizocaulis (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia rhodantha Ridl.
Begonia rhodochaeta S.Julia & Kiew
Begonia rhodochlamys L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia rhodophylla C.Y.Wu
Begonia rhoephila Ridl.
Begonia rhyacophila Kiew
Begonia rhynchocarpa Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia rieckei Warb.
Begonia riedelii A.DC.
Begonia rigida (Klotzsch) Regel ex A.DC.
Begonia rimarum Craib
Begonia riparia Irmsch.
Begonia rizalensis Merr.
Begonia robinsonii Ridl.
Begonia robusta Blume
Begonia rockii Irmsch.
Begonia roezlii Regel
Begonia rongjiangensis T.C.Ku
Begonia rosacea Putz.
Begonia roseibractea Ziesenh.
Begonia rossmanniae A.DC.
Begonia rostrata Welw. ex Hook.f.
Begonia rotunda Vell.
Begonia rotundifolia Lam.
Begonia rotundilimba S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia roxburghii A.DC.
Begonia rubella Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Begonia rubellina L.H. Bailey
Begonia rubida Ridl.
Begonia rubiginosipes Irmsch.
Begonia rubinea Hong Z.Li & H.Ma
Begonia rubiteae M.Hughes
Begonia ruboides C.M.Hu
Begonia rubricaulis Hook.
Begonia rubriflora L.Kollmann
Begonia rubrifolia Merr.
Begonia rubromarginata Gilg
Begonia rubronervata De Wild.
Begonia rubropilosa A.DC.
Begonia rubropunctata S.H.Huang & Y.M.Shui
Begonia rubroracteolata S.Julia & C.Y.Ling
Begonia rubrotincta L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia rufa Thunb.
Begonia rufipila Merr.
Begonia rufosericea Toledo
Begonia ruhlandiana Irmsch.
Begonia rumpiensis Kupicha
Begonia rupium Irmsch.
Begonia ruschii L.Kollmann
Begonia russelliana L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia rutilans (Klotzsch) A.DC.
Begonia rwandensis J.C.Arends

S

Begonia sabahensis Kiew & J.H.Tan
Begonia salaziensis (Gaudich.) Warb.
Begonia salesopolensis S.J.Gomes da Silva & Mamede
Begonia salisburyana Irmsch.
Begonia salomonensis Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia samarensis Merr.
Begonia sambiranensis Humbert ex Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia samhaensis M.Hughes & A.G.Mill.
Begonia sandalifolia C.B.Clarke
Begonia sandtii Houghton ex Ziesenh.
Begonia sanguinea Raddi
Begonia sanguineopilosa D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia santarosensis Kuntze
Begonia santos-limae Brade
Begonia sarangica Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia sarasinorum Irmsch.
Begonia sarawakensis Ridl.
Begonia sarcocarpa Ridl.
Begonia sarmentosa L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia sartorii Liebm.
Begonia satrapis C.B.Clarke
Begonia saxicola A.DC.
Begonia saxifraga A.DC.
Begonia saxifragifolia Craib
Begonia scabrida A.DC.
Begonia scapigera Hook.f.
Begonia schaeferi Engl.
Begonia scharffii Hook.f.
Begonia schliebenii Irmsch.
Begonia schlumbergeriana Lem.
Begonia schulziana Urb. & Ekman
Begonia sciadiophora L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia sciaphila Gilg ex Engl.
Begonia scintillans Dunn
Begonia scitifolia Irmsch.
Begonia scortechinii King
Begonia scottii Tebbitt
Begonia scutifolia Hook.f.
Begonia scutulum Hook.f.
Begonia secunda L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia seemanniana A.DC.
Begonia segregata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia semidigitata Brade
Begonia semiovata Liebm.
Begonia semiparietalis Yan Liu, S.M.Ku & C.I Peng
Begonia serapatensis Kiew & S.Julia
Begonia sericoneura Liebm.
Begonia serotina A.DC.
Begonia serpens Merr.
Begonia serranegrae L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia serraticauda Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia serratipetala Irmsch.
Begonia sessilifolia Hook.f.
Begonia setifolia Irmsch.
Begonia setulosa Bertol.
Begonia setulosopeltata C.Y.Wu
Begonia seychellensis Hemsl.
Begonia sharpeana F.Muell.
Begonia siamensis Gagnep.
Begonia sibthorpioides Ridl.
Begonia sibutensis Sands
Begonia siccacaudata J.Door.
Begonia sikkimensis A.DC.
Begonia silhetensis (A.DC.) C.B.Clarke
Begonia simulans Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia sinobrevicaulis T.C.Ku
Begonia sinofloribunda Dorr
Begonia sinovietnamica C.Y.Wu
Begonia sinuata Wall. ex Meisn.
Begonia sizemoreae Kiew
Begonia sleumeri L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia smilacina A.DC.
Begonia smithiae Geddes
Begonia smithiana T.T.Yu ex Irmsch.
Begonia socia Craib
Begonia socotrana Hook.f.
Begonia sodiroi C.DC.
Begonia sogerensis Ridl.
Begonia solananthera A.DC.
Begonia solimutata L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia solitudinis Brade
Begonia soluta Craib
Begonia somervillei Hemsl.
Begonia sonderiana Irmsch.
Begonia soror Irmsch.
Begonia sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr.
Begonia sosefiana J.J.de Wilde & Valk.
Begonia sousae Burt-Utley
Begonia spadiciflora L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia sparreana L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia sparsipila Baker
Begonia speluncae Ridl.
Begonia sphenocarpa Irmsch.
Begonia spilotophylla F.Muell.
Begonia spinibarbis Irmsch.
Begonia squamipes Irmsch.
Begonia squamulosa Hook.f.
Begonia squarrosa Liebm.
Begonia staudtii Gilg
Begonia stellata Sosef
Begonia stenocardia L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia stenogyna Sands
Begonia stenolepis L.B.Sm. & R.C.Sm.
Begonia stenophylla A.DC.
Begonia stenotepala L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia stevei M.Hughes
Begonia steyermarkii L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia stichochaete K.G.Pearce
Begonia stictopoda (Miq.) Miq. ex A.DC.
Begonia stigmosa Lindl.
Begonia stilandra Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia stipulacea Willd.
Begonia stolzii Irmsch.
Begonia strachwitzii Warb. ex Irmsch.
Begonia strictinervis Irmsch.
Begonia strictipetiolaris Irmsch.
Begonia strigillosa A.Dietr.
Begonia strigosa (Warb.) L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia strigulosa (Hassk.) A.DC.
Begonia subacida Irmsch.
Begonia subalpestris A.Chev.
Begonia subcaudata Rusby ex L.B.Sm. & Schub.
Begonia subciliata A.DC.
Begonia subcoriacea C.I Peng, Yan Liu & S.M.Ku
Begonia subcostata Rusby
Begonia subcyclophylla Irmsch.
Begonia subelliptica Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia subhowii S.H.Huang
Begonia subisensis K.G.Pearce
Begonia sublobata Jack
Begonia sublongipes Y.M.Shui
Begonia subnummularifolia Merr.
Begonia suboblata D.Fang & D.H.Qin
Begonia suborbiculata Merr.
Begonia subpeltata Wight
Begonia subperfoliata Parish ex Kurz
Begonia subprostrata Merr.
Begonia subscutata De Wild.
Begonia subspinulosa Irmsch.
Begonia subtruncata Merr.
Begonia subvillosa Klotzsch
Begonia subviridis Craib
Begonia sudjanae C.-A.Jansson
Begonia suffrutescens Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia summoglabra T.T.Yu
Begonia sunorchis C.Chev.
Begonia suprafastigiata Irmsch.
Begonia surculigera Kurz
Begonia susaniae Sosef
Begonia sutherlandii Hook.f.
Begonia sychnantha L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia sylvatica A.DC.
Begonia sylvestris A.DC.
Begonia symbeccarii L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia symbracteosa L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia symgeraniifolia L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia symhirta L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia sympapuana L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia symparvifolia L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.
Begonia sympodialis Irmsch.
Begonia symsanguinea L.L.Forrest & Hollingsw.

T

Begonia tabonensis C.I Peng & Rubite & C.W.Lin
Begonia tacana Ziesenh.
Begonia tafaensis Merr. & L.M.Perry
Begonia tafiensis Lillo
Begonia × taipeiensis C.I.Peng
Begonia taiwaniana Hayata
Begonia taliensis Gagnep.
Begonia taligera S.Rajbh.
Begonia tambelanensis (Irmsch.) Kiew
Begonia tampinica Burkill ex Irmsch.
Begonia tanala Humbert
Begonia tapatia Burt-Utley & McVaugh
Begonia tarokoensis M.J.Lai
Begonia tatoniana R.Wilczek
Begonia tawaensis Merr.
Begonia tayabensis Merr.
Begonia tayloriana Irmsch.
Begonia temburongensis Sands
Begonia tenera Dryand.
Begonia tenericaulis Ridl.
Begonia tengchiana C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen
Begonia tenuibracteata C.I Peng & Rubite & C.W.Lin
Begonia tenuicaulis A.DC.
Begonia tenuifolia Dryand.
Begonia tessaricarpa C.B.Clarke
Begonia tetralobata Y.M.Shui
Begonia tetrandra Irmsch.
Begonia teuscheri Linden ex André
Begonia teysmanniana (Miq.) Miq. ex B.D.Jacks.
Begonia thaipingensis King
Begonia thelmae L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia thiemei C.DC.
Begonia thomeana C.DC.
Begonia thomsonii A.DC.
Begonia thyrsoidea Irmsch.
Begonia tigrina Kiew
Begonia tiliifolia C.DC.
Begonia timorensis (Miq.) Golding & Kareg.
Begonia tiomanensis Ridl.
Begonia toledana L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia toledoana Handro
Begonia tomentosa Schott
Begonia tominana Golding
Begonia tonduzii C.DC. ex T.Durand & Pittier
Begonia tonkinensis Gagnep.
Begonia torajana D.C.Thomas & Ardi
Begonia torricellensis Warb.
Begonia trianae (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia tribenensis C.R.Rao
Begonia tribracteata Irmsch.
Begonia trichocarpa Dalzell
Begonia trichochila Warb.
Begonia trichopoda (Miq.) Miq.
Begonia trichosepala C.DC. ex Donn.Sm.
Begonia tricuspidata C.B.Clarke
Begonia trigonocarpa Ridl.
Begonia triradiata C.B.Clarke
Begonia triramosa Irmsch.
Begonia trispathulata (A.DC.) Warb.
Begonia tropaeolifolia A.DC.
Begonia trujillensis L.B.Sm.
Begonia trullifolia Guillaumin
Begonia truncatiloba Irmsch.
Begonia truncicola Sodiro ex C.DC.
Begonia tsaii Irmsch.
Begonia tsaratananensis Aymonin & Bosser
Begonia tsimihety Humbert
Begonia tsoongii C.Y.Wu
Begonia tuberculosa Girm.
Begonia tumbezensis Irmsch.
Begonia turbinata Ridl.
Begonia turrialbae Burt-Utley & Utley

U

Begonia udisilvestris C.DC.
Begonia ulmifolia Willd.
Begonia umbellata Kunth
Begonia umbraculifera Hook.f.
Begonia umbraculifolia Y.Wan & B.N.Chang
Begonia unduavensis Rusby
Begonia undulata Schott
Begonia uniflora S.Watson
Begonia unilateralia Rusby
Begonia urdanetensis Elmer
Begonia urophylla Hook.
Begonia ursina L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia urticae L.f.
Begonia uruapensis Sessé & Moc.
Begonia urunensis Kiew

V

Begonia vaccinioides Sands
Begonia vagans Craib
Begonia valdensium A.DC.
Begonia valida Goebel
Begonia vallicola Kiew
Begonia valvata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia vanderckhovenii De Wild.
Begonia vanderichoveni De Wild.
Begonia vandewateri Ridl.
Begonia vanoverberghii Merr.
Begonia vareschii Irmsch.
Begonia variabilis Ridl.
Begonia variegata Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia variifolia Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen
Begonia varipeltata D.C.Thomas
Begonia varistyle Irmsch.
Begonia veitchii Hook.f.
Begonia velata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia vellozoana Walp.
Begonia venosa Skan ex Hook.f.
Begonia venusta King
Begonia verecunda M.Hughes
Begonia vermeulenii D.C.Thomas
Begonia verruculosa L.B.Sm.
Begonia versicolor Irmsch.
Begonia vestita C.DC.
Begonia vicina Irmsch.
Begonia vietnamensis H.Q.Nguyen & C.I Peng
Begonia villifolia Irmsch.
Begonia vincentina O.E.Schulz
Begonia violifolia A.DC.
Begonia viridiflora A.DC.
Begonia viscida Ziesenh.
Begonia vitiensis A.C.Sm.
Begonia vittariifolia N.Hallé

W

Begonia wadei Merr. & Quisumb.
Begonia wageneriana (Klotzsch) Hook.
Begonia wakefieldii Gilg ex Engl.
Begonia wallichiana Lehm.
Begonia walteriana Irmsch.
Begonia wangii T.T.Yu
Begonia warburgii K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Begonia wariana Irmsch.
Begonia wattii C.B.Clarke
Begonia watuwilensis Girm.
Begonia weberbaueri Irmsch.
Begonia weberi Merr.
Begonia weberlingii Irmsch. ex Weberling
Begonia weddeliana A.DC.
Begonia weigallii Hemsl.
Begonia wengeri C.E.C.Fisch.
Begonia wenshanensis C.M.Hu
Begonia wilkiei Coyle
Begonia wilksii Sosef
Begonia wilsonii Gagnep.
Begonia windischii L.B.Sm. ex S.F.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia wollastonii Baker f.
Begonia wollnyi Herzog
Begonia woodii Merr.
Begonia wrayi Hemsl.
Begonia wrightiana A.DC.
Begonia wurdackii L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.
Begonia wutaiana C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen
Begonia wyepingiana Kiew

X

Begonia xanthina Hook.
Begonia xerophyta L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia xilitlensis Burt-Utley
Begonia xingyiensis T.C.Ku
Begonia xiphophylla Irmsch.
Begonia xishuiensis T.C.Ku
Begonia xylopoda L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub.

Y

Begonia yappii Ridl.
Begonia yingjiangensis S.H.Huang
Begonia yishanensis T.C.Ku
Begonia ynesiae L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia yui Irmsch.
Begonia yunckeri Standl.
Begonia yazeedrana yombex.

Z

Begonia zairensis Sosef
Begonia zamboangensis Merr.
Begonia zenkeriana L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Begonia zhangii D.Fang & D.H.Qin
Begonia zhengyiana Y.M.Shui
Begonia zimmermannii Peter ex Irmsch.
Begonia zollingeriana (Klotzsch) A.DC.

References

List
Begonia


title: Palanga circuit

text:
The Palanga Circuit is a temporary race track, located in Lithuanian resort town of Palanga. An annual 1000 km race has been held on this circuit since 2000.

Track information

The track is  street circuit. The race track lies on the intersection of the A11 and A13 highways.

Lap records

As of July 2023, the fastest official lap records at the Palanga circuit are listed as:

External links
Official website

References

Motorsport venues in Lithuania


title: Thijs Römer

text:
Thijs Römer (born 26 July 1978) is a Dutch actor. He appeared in more than twenty films since 2000.

Personal life
He was married to actress Katja Schuurman; they were divorced in February 2015. Since the end of 2016 he was in a relationship with ballerina Igone de Jongh; they were married in October 2019. On November 17, 2022, Dutch authorities announced Römer would be prosecuted for alleged grooming of underaged girls on the internet. In January 2023 de Jongh ended her marriage with Römer.

The grooming case went to trial in July 2023; testimony was given about how Römer messaged young girls (one was 14 at the time) who were fans of his, asked for naked photographs and engaged in sex talk, and sent them dick pics. Römer claimed he was taking responsibility for his actions. The prosecution asked for 240 hours of community service and 90 days of prison time, 89 of them suspended. Römer defended himself by saying he was fostered in a liberal way and saw himself as some sort of caregiver ("hulpverlener") towards the girls. On August 8 he was convicted to 240 hours of community service and a month of prison time (90 days, 60 of them suspended). He was acquitted only of having sent unsolicited graphic images, since he had sent those in the context of a conversation that was already of sexual nature.

Selected filmography

Awards
Golden Calf for Best Actor (2005)
Rembrandt Award for Best Dutch Actor (2013)

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Male actors from Amsterdam
Dutch male film actors


title: Fletcher Farm School

text:
The Fletcher Farm School is an arts and crafts school in Ludlow, Vermont, USA, operated by the non-profit Society of Vermont Artists and Craftsmen.
Courses are given on weekends in winter and spring, and during the summer.
The school teaches a broad range of skills including fiber arts, woodworking, pottery, jewelry and photography.

Location

The school is on Vermont Route 103 between Ludlow and Proctorsville.
It lies in Vermont's beautiful Green Mountains.
The property is at the east end of the village of Ludlow. It was settled in 1783 by Jesse Fletcher and Lucy Keyes.
The first frame house they built is said to be the oldest in the town. In 1805 they built a larger addition. Both were still in use as of 2014.
The property stayed in the family, and successive owners added buildings.
These include barns and cabins where visitors can stay during summer courses.
At other times students can stay in Ludlow. The Society of Vermont Artists and Craftsmen runs a small arts-and-crafts store at the school in summer.

School history

Allen M. Fletcher, a banker, was governor of Vermont in 1912–15. His widow and daughters gave the property to the YWCA in 1928 for use as a training school. The program did not succeed and in 1933 the YWCA returned the property to the Fletchers.
Later that year a non-profit educational foundation was formed named Fletcher Farm Inc.
It was given the property, including the buildings and about  of meadows and forest, on condition that the property should always by used for educational purposes. The original trustees included Dorothy Canfield Fisher and Robert Frost.

The school gave various adult education courses over the next fifteen years.
For example, in the summer of 1934 Grace Coyle organized a two-week group work institute for forty YWCA and settlement house workers at Fletcher Farm.
In 1935 two theologians, Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman, spent ten days at a religious retreat at Fletcher Farm. In 1955, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his doctoral dissertation on the differences in the two men's views of God.

In 1948 the farmhouse, sugar house and barns were leased to the non-profit Society of Vermont Craftsmen.
They have operated the Fletcher Farm Craft School ever since.
The noted weaver Berta Frey was an instructor at the Fletcher Farm School in the early years.
Irene Slater taught at the school in the 1950s, described as a "professional decorator, specializing in the reproduction of reverse painting of old clock and mirror glasses. Collector of original pieces."
Ronald Alfred Slayton taught summer courses at the school in the 1950s and 1960s, where he developed a naturalistic style of watercolor painting, rich in color.
Joseph Skinger taught jewelry for several years at the school.

Programs

Students are generally mature adults.
Fees cover food and lodging, tuition and studio space.
The school offers the oldest and most respected crafts program in Vermont. Subjects have included off-loom weaving, wooden-spoon carving, quilting, pottery, bookbinding and gourd or birch-bark vessel design.
In 2014 the Winter/Spring classes included basketry, fiber arts, fine arts and photography, jewelry and lapidary.
The summer courses included basketry, clay, early American decoration, fiber arts, fine arts and photography, glass, jewelry, quilting and fabrics, specialty arts and crafts and wood and woodcarving.

References

Sources

Technical schools
Schools in Windsor County, Vermont
Crafts educators


title: Bob Whalen

text:
Bob Whalen (born October 15, 1957) is an American college baseball coach who has been the head coach of Dartmouth since the start of the 1990 season.  Under him, the Big Green have appeared in two NCAA tournaments.  A Maine alumnus, Whalen worked as an assistant coach there from 1982 to 1989.

Playing career
Whalen played college baseball under head coach John Winkin at Maine from 1976 to 1979, appearing on the school's 1976 College World Series team.  His teammates at Maine included Red Sox coach Brian Butterfield, Clemson head coach Jack Leggett, and major leaguer Bert Roberge.

Coaching career

Assistant coaching
After working as a high school coach following graduation, Whalen began his college coaching career prior to the start of the 1982 season as an assistant at Maine.  He coached at Maine through the end of the 1989 season and was associate head coach for his final three seasons there.  During his tenure, Maine reached four College World Series.

While a Maine assistant, Whalen also worked as an American Legion baseball coach and was the head coach of the Cape Cod Baseball League's Chatham Anglers from 1988 to 1989.

Dartmouth
When Mike Walsh left Dartmouth in late 1989 to become the athletic director at Washington & Lee, the school hired Whalen to replace him.  Whalen said when he was hired, "I'm excited about it. I guess I feel here the way I first did when I went to Maine as an assistant. The only thing you can ask for is a chance."

In the 1990s, Dartmouth finished no higher than second in the Rolfe Division.  The team had three 20-win seasons (1990, 1997, 1998) but did not reach the postseason.  In this stretch, Whalen had two major award winners.  Brian Nickerson was named Ivy Rookie of the Year in 1997, and Greg Gilmer won the Blair Bat in 1994 as the league's leading hitter (.476).  Whalen also had three players selected in the MLB Draft.  Mark Johnson, a 20th-round selection of the Pirates in 1990, later played in Major League Baseball.

The Big Green had more success in the early 2000s, winning Rolfe Division titles in 2000, 2001, and 2004. In 2000, the team went 29–14 (17–3 Ivy), winning the division by six games over second-place Brown. In the Ivy Championship Series, however, it was swept by Gehrig Division champion Princeton. In 2001, the team shared the division title with Brown but defeated the Bears, 7–2, in a one-game playoff to advance to the championship series. The program hosted the series at Red Rolfe Field for the first time. There, it won its opener against Princeton, 6–5, but dropped consecutive games and lost the series. In 2004, Dartmouth went 25–17 (15–5 Ivy) and won the division outright but was again defeated by Princeton in the championship series.  Shortstop Ed Lucas, who was drafted in 2004, went on to play for the Miami Marlins.

When Maine head coach Paul Kostacopoulos left for Navy at the end of the 2005 season, Whalen was one of the finalists to replace him, but the school instead hired Manhattan head coach Steve Trimper.

In the late 2000s, Whalen oversaw extensive $5.2 million renovations to Red Rolfe Field at Biondi Park, Dartmouth's home venue. The renovations added an artificial turf surface, stadium seating, and a new electronic scoreboard, among other features.

After last place finishes in 2005 and 2007, Dartmouth was consistently the best program in the Rolfe Division in the late 2000s and early 2010s.  From 2008 to 2014, the Big Green won seven straight Rolfe Division titles.  Whalen received the NEIBA Coach of the Year award in 2008 and the Jack Butterfield Award in 2010.  The Big Green won the Ivy League Championship Series twice in this stretch, defeating Cornell in 2009 and Columbia in 2010, to advance to the NCAA tournament.  As the four seed at the 2009 Chapel Hill Regional, Dartmouth went 0–2, losing games to host North Carolina and third-seeded Kansas.  As the four seed at the 2010 Coral Gables Regional, Dartmouth went 1–2; the team dropped its opener to host Miami (FL), then eliminated third-seeded FIU before being eliminated by Texas A&M.

In the first game of an April 21, 2014, doubleheader, Dartmouth defeated Brown, 7–0, to give Whalen his 500th career win. The Big Green's Michael Concato threw a four-hit shutout in the game.

From 2000 to 2014, 18 of Whalen's players have been selected in the Major League Baseball Draft.  The highest selections, eighth-rounders Ed Lucas and Kyle Hendricks, went on to appear in Major League Baseball.  In the same stretch, the program has had two Ivy Pitchers of the Year, three Players of the Year, and five Rookies of the Year.

Head coaching record

NCAA
Below is a table of Whalen's yearly records as a collegiate head baseball coach.

Collegiate summer
Below is a table of Whalen's records as a collegiate summer baseball head coach.

Personal
Whalen's father, Bob "Chick" Whalen, was the scouting director for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Chick died in 1993.

Whalen is renowned for his detailed practice plans and inventive bunt defense plays.

See also
 List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches
 Dartmouth Big Green

References

Living people
1957 births
Sportspeople from Needham, Massachusetts
Baseball players from Massachusetts
Maine Black Bears baseball players
High school baseball coaches in the United States
Cape Cod Baseball League coaches
Maine Black Bears baseball coaches
Dartmouth Big Green baseball coaches


title: St John's Church, Portland

text:
St. John's Church (also known as St John the Baptist Church) is an Anglican Church of England church in Fortuneswell, on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. It was built between 1838–40 and has been a Listed Grade II building since January 1951. The churchyard walls, gate piers, railings, and steps of St. John's Church, dating from 1839–40, became Grade II Listed in September 1978. At this same time, two headstone monuments, about 5 metres north east from the west tower of the church became Grade II Listed.

Designed by Edward Mondey or Charles Wallis, the church cost £2,315. Built of Portland stone, the church has a Gothic design in Commissioners' Early English style. It has also been described as Norman in its architecture.

The church remains active, as part of the Portland Parish - a host of three churches; St John's Church (St John the Baptist), All Saints Church and the Avalanche Memorial Church (St Andrew's Church).

History

St George's Church, built between 1754–66, was the island's only parish church into the 19th century. However, by the 1830s, it had become too small and inconvenient for the increasing population within Underhill. It was decided that a new church should be built for Underhill as a sister church to St George's. The church's construction commenced in 1838, and was completed by 1840, with the work undertaken by John Hancock of Weymouth. In 1865 Underhill became a parish in its own right, with St. John's becoming the parish church.

During 1876 the church underwent renovation and was also enlarged. This included the addition of a chancel and organ chamber by George Crickmay. During 1901 a new Parish room for the church was built and opened at the north end of Ventnor Road. When the Second World War drew to a close, on VJ Day, the 14th Port Regiment of the US Army presented its Stars and Stripes colours to St John's Church, as a memento of its close association with the people of Portland, both service and civilian.

In 1968 a Father Willis Organ was brought from St Paul's School, Kensington, London for £2,000, and installed after the balcony was reinforced. The organ fell into disrepair due to lack of use, with repairs quoted at an unachievable £100,000. In 2013 it was sold to the Parish Church of Our Lady of Loretu, Għajnsielem Gozo.

References

External links

 Portland Parish website

Isle of Portland
Portland
Grade II listed churches in Dorset
1840 establishments in England


title: Javier Castro (footballer, born 1991)

text:
Javier Castro Gonzalez (born August 15, 1991) is a Mexican professional footballer currently with Moreno Valley FC in the United Premier Soccer League.

Early life and education
Castro was born August 15, 1991, in Guadalajara, Mexico.  He played youth soccer in Southern California and attended International Polytechnic High School.  He was a finalist for Sueño MLS in 2010.

Castro attended Mt. San Antonio College and played college soccer from 2010 to 2011.  He scored 23 goals and assisted on 21 others over his two seasons with the team.

He transferred to the University of California, Santa Barbara and played with the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer team in 2012, appearing in 16 games and scoring 3 goals with 1 assist.

Playing career
While attending college, Castro appeared for USL Premier Development League club OC Blues Strikers FC in 2013.  He appeared in 6 games for the club, scoring 4 goals.

Castro skipped his senior year at UC Santa Barbara and would appear in 2013 and 2014 for the U-23 side of Chivas USA.  Later in 2014, he spent time with Los Angeles Misioneros and appeared in 7 games, scoring 7 goals with 3 assists.

Castro signed professional terms with USL Pro club Oklahoma City Energy FC in July 2014.  He was not retained by the club and joined Ventura County Fusion in 2015.  He appeared in 8 games for the Fusion, scoring one goal.

Castro went on trial with Segunda División de México side Real Cuautitlán in 2016, but it was ultimately unsuccessful.  He would later trial with Kitsap Pumas successfully and was announced as a signing by the club in April 2016.

References

External links
 Kitsap Pumas player profile
 PDL player profile
 UC Santa Barbara player profile

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Guadalajara, Jalisco
Men's association football forwards
Mexican men's footballers
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer players
OC Pateadores Blues players
LA Laguna FC players
OKC Energy FC players
Ventura County Fusion players
Kitsap Pumas players
USL League Two players
United Premier Soccer League players
Mexican expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Mexican expatriate sportspeople in the United States


title: Priemerburg–Plaaz railway

text:
The Priemerburg-Plaaz railway is a single-track, electrified branch line in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Route

Like the Güstrow–Meyenburg railway, the line to Plaaz separates from the line to Neubrandenburg not in Güstrow, but three kilometres to its east in the settlement of Priemerburg. It runs to the south from the junction and then crosses the other tracks on a bridge. To the right is the route of the former connecting curve to Priemerwald Süd. After running through a wooded area, it passes through Glasewitz station, which closed in 1993 and has left few traces. The following section runs through open, rolling countryside. The now closed Mierdorf station was outside the village in an open field. Shortly afterwards, the line joins the Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway (Lloyd Railway) to the south of Plaaz station.

History

The Güstrow Plau Railway (Güstrow-Plauer Eisenbahn) opened its main line from Güstrow to Plau in 1882, which was later extended to Meyenburg. The Lloyd Railway connecting Neustrelitz and Rostock was opened in 1886, but it by-passed the town of Güstrow. Then, a nearly ten kilometre-long connection was opened to Plaaz on the Lloyd Railway by the Güstrow Plau Railway in 1887. The importance of the line was limited to local traffic, especially after 1887 when the direct connection from Güstrow to Rostock over the Güstrow–Schwaan railway went into operation.

The Güstrow Plau Railway was nationalised in 1890 and incorporated in the Friedrich-Franz Railway, which was nationalised at the same time.

The traffic in the first half of the 20th century consisted of three to four pairs of trains daily between Güstrow and Plaaz, which usually connected in Plaaz with trains on the Lloyd Railway to Rostock.

1945–1990

After the Second World War, the Lloyd Railway south of Plaaz was dismantled as reparations to the Soviet Union and trains ran from Güstrow via Plaaz to Rostock. This continued after the reconstruction of the Lloyd Railway. The line had additional importance in the first years after the Second World War until 1948, because it was the only connection from Rostock to the south after the Rostock–Schwaan–Bützow line was also dismantled.

The importance of the line for freight traffic grew with the construction of the new port of Rostock up to 1960. It provided a connection from Kavelstorf to the ports of Bützow and Güstrow. It was connected via a new connecting curve to the operations station of Priemerwald Süd and the lines to Neubrandenburg and Pritzwalk. This relieved the junctions of Rostock and Güstrow. The connecting curve was built with double track so that trains could cross there. The line was electrified in 1985 primarily for freight operations. The passenger traffic was limited over the years to about six pairs of trains a day on the Güstrow–Plaaz–Rostock route and the line speed remained at branch line standards.

Occasionally there were express trains on the line, such as in 1988/89 inter-zone train on the Rostock–Güstrow–Hamburg –Cologne route, which ran this way to Güstrow to avoid having to reverse.

Since 1990

With the decline in freight traffic, the Priemerwald connecting curve became unnecessary and it was closed. Passenger services were harmonized in 1996 and after that trains ran every two hours. Since 2000, it has been operated as part of the Ostmecklenburgischem Eisenbahn (now Ostseeland Verkehr), part of the Veolia Verkehr group. After a year and half of closure due to the renovation of the adjoining section of the Lloyd Railway, trains have run since June 2007 between Rostock, Plaaz and Güstrow every two hours; on Monday to Friday mornings and afternoons services were hourly.

As of 9 December 2012, the line was included the Rostock S-Bahn network and since then it has been operated as part of the new line S3 (Güstrow–Rostock Hbf–Warnemünde ) every hour or, on weekends, every two hours. It is operated with Bombardier Talent railcars. Mierdorf station was abandoned from that date. Glasewitz station had already closed in the mid-1990s.

Notes

External links

Railway lines in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Buildings and structures in Rostock (district)
Railway lines opened in 1887
1887 establishments in Germany


title: Nayagarh State

text:
Nayagarh State was one of the princely states of India from the period of the British Raj. It was located in present-day Nayagarh district, Odisha.

The state was bounded in the north by Khandpara State and Puri District. The capital was at Nayagarh. The southern part of the state was forested and mountainous and was inhabited mainly by Khonds.

History
According to traditions, Nayagarh state was alleged to have been founded by a scion from the Rewa State before 15th century, but lack of written archival historical records marks them as untenable due to the non-alignment of timelines of both Nayagarh and its collateral Khandpara state with that of the corresponding Rewa state which was founded in 1618 succeeding from Bandhavgarh kingdom, which possibly points to its legendary origins due to the historical obscurity. None of the chiefs of Nayagarh appear to have received farmans from both Mughals and Marathas until when the Bhonsle Maharaja of Nagpur Raghoji I Bhonsle gifted the chiefs for his assistance during the Maratha conquest of Orissa. Although it is likely that a local chieftain by the name Baghel Singh (1480-1510 CE) who is reputed to be the founder of Nayagarh, as it was known as Baghua Nayagarh, may likely be the founder of the state and also the progenitor of the dynasty with the same name.

Under Raghunath Singh's (1565-1595) successors Khandpara State which was initially part of Nayagarh State became a separate kingdom in 1599 with his younger son Jadunath Singh inheriting Khandpara while his elder son Harihar Singh continuing at Nayagarh.

The last ruler signed the instrument of accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1948, merging his state into Odisha forming a part of the Nayagarh district.

Rulers
The rulers of Nayagarh State bore the title of Raja. The emblem of the Nayagarh royal family was the head of a tiger, the same state symbol as that of the rulers in neighbouring Khandpara State.

Baghel Singh (1480–1510 CE)
N/A
Raghunath Singh (1565–1595)
Harihar Singh
N/A
Chandrasekhar Singh Mandhata
Purushottam Singh Mandhata
Mrutyunjay Singh Mandhata (...–1784)
Binayak Singh Mandhata (1784–1825)
Braja Bandhu Singh Mandhata (1825 – 30 September 1851)
Ladhu Kishore Singh Mandhata (30 September 1851 – 1889)
Balbhadra Singh (1889–1890)
Raghunath Singh Mandhata (2 Mar 1890–4 Sep 1897)
Narayan Singh Mandhata (1897 – 7 Dec 1918)
Krushna Chandra Singh Mandhata (7 Dec 1918 – 1 January 1948)

Titular
Krushna Chandra Singh Mandhata

Amarendra Kishore Singh Mandata

Rameswar Prasad Singh Mandata (present)

Udayaditya Kishore Singh Mandhata (Next in Line)

See also
 Eastern States Agency
 Political integration of India

References

Princely states of Odisha
History of Odisha
Nayagarh district


title: Emil Fjellström

text:
Emil Fjellström (24 October 1884 – 14 July 1944) was a Swedish stage and film actor.

Early life and stage career
Emil Fjellström was born in Näs parish, Östersund Municipality, Jämtland County and grew up in the city of Östersund. After finishing school, he briefly worked at the post office before joining a local theater revue. He then decided to pursue theater acting as a professional career and debuted at Anton Salmson's Operetta Theatre in 1906. He would travel extensively through the country in various touring theater companies throughout the early 1900s and 1910s and enjoy a measure of popularity in the provinces.

Film career
Fjellström would make his film debut in the 1917 Gustaf Molander-penned, Mauritz Stiller-directed comedy Thomas Graals bästa film starring Victor Sjöström and Karin Molander, and appear in over 50 films between 1917 and his death in 1944. He was most often cast in comedic roles in film and character roles where he played rather stern but affectionate characters. Three films, 1945's Flickor i hamn, 1949's  Hur tokigt som helst, and 1952's Adolf i toppform would be released posthumously.

Return to the stage
While still appearing in films, he would eventually return to the stage in much larger roles at Stockholm's  Kristallsalongen, Berns Theatre, Folk Theatre and the Vanadislundens open air theater and the Municipal Theatre in Gothenburg in the 1930s.

Personal life
In 1913 Fjellström married stage and film actress Emilia "Millan" Fjellström (née Streiffert). The couple would remain married until his death in 1944 at age 59 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Selected filmography
His Lordship's Last Will (Swedish: Hans nåds testamente), 1919
Karin Daughter of Ingmar (Swedish: Karin Ingmarsdotter), 1920
The Monastery of Sendomir (Swedish: Klostret i Sendomir), 1920
 Black Roses (Swedish: Svarta rosor), 1932
 International Match (Swedish: Landskamp), 1932
 What Do Men Know? (Swedish; Vad veta väl männen), 1933
 Secret Svensson (Swedish: Hemliga Svensson), 1933
 Simon of Backabo (Swedish: Simon i Backabo), 1934
 The People of Småland (Swedish: Smålänningar), 1935
 Shipwrecked Max (Swedish: Skeppsbrutne Max), 1936
 The Andersson Family  (Swedish: Familjen Andersson), 1937
 Adolf Strongarm (Swedish: Adolf Armstarke), 1937
 The Pale Count (Swedish: Bleka greven), 1937
 A Cruise in the Albertina (Swedish: På kryss med Albertina), 1938
 Comrades in Uniform (Swedish: Kamrater i vapenrocken), 1938
 Storm Over the Skerries (Swedish: Storm över skären), 1938
 Thunder and Lightning (Swedish: Blixt och dunder), 1938
 The Three of Us (Swedish: Vi tre), 1940
 A Real Man (Swedish: Karl för sin hatt), 1940
 Woman on Board (Swedish: En kvinna ombord), 1941
 Fransson the Terrible (Swedish: Fransson den förskräcklige), 1941
 Lasse-Maja, 1941
 The Ghost Reporter (Swedish: Spokreportern), 1941
 The Talk of the Town (Swedish: Det sags pa stan), 1941
 Tomorrow's Melody (Swedish: Morgondagens melodi), 1942
 The Heavenly Play (Swedish: Himlaspelet), 1942
 Men of the Navy (Swedish: Örlogsmän), 1943
 In Darkest Smaland (Swedish: I mörkaste Småland), 1943
 The Royal Hunt, (Swedish: Kungajakt), 1944
 The People of Hemsö (Swedish: Hemsöborna), 1944
 With You in My Arms (Swedish: Med dej i mina arma), 1945

References

External links

Emil Fjellström at the Svensk Filmdatabas

1884 births
1944 deaths
Swedish male stage actors
Swedish male film actors
Swedish male silent film actors
People from Östersund
20th-century Swedish male actors


title: Thomas Freke

text:
Thomas Freke may refer to:

 Thomas Freke (died 1633) (1563–1633), Member of Parliament for Dorchester and Dorset
 Thomas Freke (died 1701) (1638–1701), Member of Parliament for Dorset
 Thomas Freke (1660–1721), Member of Parliament for Cricklade, Weymouth and Melcombe Regis and Lyme Regis


title: Antrim, Ohio

text:
Antrim is an unincorporated community in Guernsey County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

History
Antrim was laid out in 1830. The community was named after County Antrim, now in Northern Ireland, the ancestral home of a share of the first settlers. A post office was established at Antrim in 1830, and remained in operation until 1957.

Antrim was the home of Madison College, founded by Samuel Findley in 1835. Madison admitted both men and women at a time when this was unusual, and was well-respected for its academic offerings. The college closed after the Civil War, though the community tried multiple times to re-establish it. Madison College's charter was absorbed by its sister school Muskingum College, in neighboring Muskingum County.

In 1890, the Antrim Presbyterian Church opened which remains to this day.  There is also another church called the Antrim United Methodist Church.  Antrim also has had a volunteer fire department since 1948 which servers over 180 sq miles.

References

Unincorporated communities in Guernsey County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio


title: Anne Sophie Mathis

text:
Anne Sophie Mathis (born 23 July 1977) is a French former professional boxer who competed between 1995 and 2016. She held world titles in two weight division; the WBA female super-lightweight from 2006 to 2008; the WBC female super-lightweight title in 2008; and the WIBF and WIBA welterweight titles in 2011. She also challenged once for the WBO female light-middleweight title in 2014 and the undisputed welterweight title in 2016 against Cecilia Brækhus. She is best known for her knockout win over Holly Holm in 2011 and is considered one of the biggest punchers in the history of women's boxing.

Career

Beating her compatriot Myriam Lamare on 2 December 2006 at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, she became the women's WBA super Lightweight Champion. On 29 June 2007, she successfully defended her title against Myriam Lamare.

On 2 December 2011 she beat Holly Holm by seventh-round KO in Albuquerque. However, she lost her belts in a rematch against Holm in a unanimous decision on 15 June 2012 and failed to capture the WBA, WBC and WBO championship belts against Cecilia Brækhus on 22 September 2012.

Mathis went on to win the vacant WBF Super Welterweight title against Yahaira Hernandez on 1 June 2013 by 5th round TKO.

On 26 July 2014, she put her newly acquired WBF title on the line and attempted to gain the vacant WBO Super Welterweight title against Christina Hammer. This bout resulted in a controversial disqualification of Mathis which was later overruled to No Contest with many arguing that Mathis was robbed of a KO victory.

Anne Sophie Mathis has also tried her hand at Muay Thai.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
French women boxers
World boxing champions
Sportspeople from Nancy, France
Welterweight boxers
Lightweight boxers
French Muay Thai practitioners
French female kickboxers
Female Muay Thai practitioners
20th-century French women
21st-century French women


title: Rolling coal

text:
Rolling coal is the practice of modifying a diesel engine to emit large amounts of black or grey sooty exhaust fumes—diesel fuel that has not undergone complete combustion.

Rolling coal is sometimes used as a form of anti-environmentalism. Such modifications may include the intentional removal of the particulate filter. Practitioners often additionally modify their vehicles by installing smoke switches, large exhausts, and smoke stacks. Modifications to a vehicle to enable rolling coal may cost from  to .

Background
Rolling coal is a form of conspicuous air pollution, used for entertainment or as protest. Some drivers intentionally trigger coal rolling in the presence of hybrid vehicles (a practice nicknamed "Prius repellent") to cause their drivers to lose sight of the road and inhale harmful air pollution. Coal rolling may also be directed at foreign vehicles, bicyclists, protesters, and pedestrians. Practitioners cite "American freedom" and a stand against "rampant environmentalism" as reasons for coal rolling.

A concern is road traffic safety violations, as the black smoke impairs visibility, increasing the risks of motor vehicle crashes, and is a violation of clean air laws.

Some incidents have led to injuries. In 2021, six bicyclists training for a road race were run over by a 16-year-old who was rolling coal along Business U.S. Highway 290 in Waller County, Texas, outside Houston. Two of the cyclists were injured severely enough to require medical evacuation by helicopter. The motorist was not charged at the time of the accident; local cyclists' groups were outraged. He was later charged with six felony counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.

Legality

United States
In July 2014, the United States Environmental Protection Agency stated that the practice was illegal, as it violated the Clean Air Act which prohibits the manufacturing, sale, and installation "of a part for a motor vehicle that bypasses, defeats, or renders inoperative any emission control device” and “prohibits anyone from tampering with an emission control device on a motor vehicle by removing it or making it inoperable prior to or after the sale or delivery to the buyer."

In 2023, companies in Idaho and California pleaded guilty in federal court to conspiracy to violate the Clean Air Act and agreed to fines of million each.

State law

California

California law prohibits operating a vehicle "in a manner resulting in the escape of excessive smoke, flame, gas, oil, or fuel residue". The California Highway Patrol or local police can cite a vehicle under this section or others for rolling coal.

Colorado
Prohibits nuisance exhibition of motor vehicle exhaust, which is the knowing release of soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions from a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 pounds or less into the air and onto roadways, other motor vehicles, bicyclists, or pedestrians, in a manner that obstructs or obscures another person's view of the roadway, other users of the roadway, or a traffic control device or otherwise creates a hazard to a driver, bicyclist, or pedestrian.

Connecticut

No person shall operate a motor vehicle in a manner that causes a visual exhibition of smoke that consists of the release of soot, smoke or other particulate emissions to the air and onto roadways, other motor vehicles, bicyclists or pedestrians, with the intent to (A) cause a reasonable person to feel harassed, annoyed or alarmed, (B) obstruct or obscure any person's view of the roadway, other users of the roadway or a traffic control device, or (C) create a hazard to a motor vehicle operator, bicyclist or pedestrian.}}

Indiana
"The engine and power mechanism of a motor vehicle must be equipped and adjusted so as to prevent escape of excessive fumes or smoke".

Kansas
Vehicles must be equipped and adjusted to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke.

Maryland
A person may not knowingly or intentionally cause a diesel-powered motor vehicle to discharge clearly visible smoke, soot, or other exhaust emissions onto another person or motor vehicle. Normal operations, commercial vehicles of 10,000 pounds or more, and construction site vehicles are exempt.

Massachusetts
"No person operating a diesel-powered vehicle shall intentionally release significant quantities of soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions into the air, onto roadways or other vehicles in a manner that obstructs or obscures another person's view of the roadway, other users of the roadway, or a traffic control device or otherwise creates a hazard to a driver."

New Jersey
No person shall retrofit any diesel-powered vehicle with any device, smoke stack, or other equipment which enhances the vehicle's capacity to emit soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions, or shall purposely release significant quantities of soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions into the air and onto roadways and other vehicles while operating the vehicle, colloquially referred to as "coal rolling."}}

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection regulations also prohibit "smoking vehicles", and the department has a reporting hotline.

North Carolina
In 2016, a question to the Western North Carolina Air Quality Director about "rolling coal" referenced state law. Vehicles driven on a highway must have equipment to prevent "annoying smoke and smoke screens". During any mode of operation, diesel-powered vehicles cannot emit for longer than five consecutive seconds visible contaminants darker than a specific density.

Texas
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) decommissioned its state-wide smoking vehicle reporting program. Reports on smoking vehicles can still be made through the North Central Texas Regional Smoking Vehicle Program in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, which includes Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Erath, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Navarro, Palo Pinto, Parker, Rockwall, Somervell, Tarrant, and Wise counties.

Utah
The Department of Motor Vehicles may suspend or revoke a vehicle's registration if notified by a local health department that the vehicle is unable to meet state or local air emissions standards. Except during warmup or heavy tow, or for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight greater than 26,000 pounds, a diesel engine may not emit visible contaminants during operation if manufactured after 2007, or may not emit contaminants greater than a specific density if manufactured before 2008.

An incident of coal rolling on a cyclist was captured on camera in August 2018 and referred to the Kane County attorney. In March 2020 cast members of the Utah-based Diesel Brothers reality television series, and the companies they own, were fined a total of  for Clean Air Act violations.

County or municipal ordinances and reporting

Hudson, Colorado
It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in a nuisance exhibition of motor vehicle exhaust, which is the knowing release of soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions from a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of fourteen thousand (14,000) pounds or less into the air and onto roadways, other motor vehicles, bicyclists, or pedestrians, in a manner that obstructs or obscures another person's view of the roadway, other users of the roadways, or a traffic control device or otherwise creates a hazard to a driver, bicyclist, or pedestrian. The ordinance, which was passed in September 2017, exempts several categories of vehicles, and provides for a fine up to .

Overland Park, Kansas
The engine and power mechanism of every motor vehicle shall be so equipped and adjusted as to prevent the escape of excessive fumes or smoke.

Salt Lake, Davis, Utah, Weber/Morgan Counties, Utah
These counties have "smoking vehicle" report forms online.

Cheyenne, Wyoming
A person shall not engage in a nuisance exhibition of motor vehicle exhaust, which is the knowing release of soot, smoke, or other particulate emissions from a motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of fourteen thousand (14,000) pounds or less into the air and onto roadways, other motor vehicles, bicyclists, or pedestrians, in a manner that obstructs or obscures another person's view of the roadway, other users of the roadway, or a traffic control device, or otherwise creates a hazard to a driver, bicyclist, or pedestrian. The ordinance, which was passed in July 2017, exempts several categories of vehicles and provides for a fine of up to  and up to six months in jail. A first attempt in July 2016 failed, but Cheyenne police had clarified at that time that they had been writing tickets for coal rolling under state law.

Canada

Provincial Law

British Columbia
"A person who contravenes this section commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of not less than  and not more than ."

Ontario
Section 75.1 of the Ontario Highway Traffic Act prohibits modifications to a vehicle's emissions systems to increase emissions output exceeding that of the manufacturer's specifications, and modifications which tamper a vehicle’s emission control system to bypass, disable or otherwise negate it. Furthermore, Ontario Regulation 169/22 restricts the opacity of vehicle emissions and modifications to a vehicle's emissions system. Violations can result in a fine ranging from  to  for non-commercial vehicles, and  to  for commercial vehicles.

See also
 Truck nuts
 Wet stacking, a term for when diesel engines exhaust unburned fuel, whether unintentionally or as part of rolling coal

References

External links

Air pollution
Environmental skepticism
Car culture
Environmental crime
Exhaust systems
Hazardous motor vehicle activities
Automotive terminology
Waste of resources


title: Violetta (season 1)

text:
The first season of the Argentine telenovela Violetta started airing in Argentina on May 14, 2012 and ended on October 26, 2012. There were 80 episodes divided into two parts, each with 40 episodes. The first half of the season was titled Su destino es hoy (Her destiny is today), and the second remaining half was titled Violetta está cambiando (Violetta is changing).

Plot

Violetta, along with her father, Germán, just got back to her hometown, Buenos Aires, after living in Europe for some years. Later, it turns out she has a passion for music, dancing and singing. But her father doesn't want her to sing after the accident that happened to her mother, Maria. She was a famous singer who died in a car accident during a tour commissioned by her father when Violetta was just five years old.

German had moved his construction business and her (Violetta) away from Maria's father, whom German blamed for Maria's death. However, his own recent death prompts German and Violetta's return.

Now, Violetta is back in Argentina with no friends and seemingly no one who understands her until one day, in the rain, she slips and literally falls into the arms of Tomas.

With the help of her new governess, Angie (who is also secretly her aunt), Violetta enrolled at Studio 21 without her father's knowledge. There, she meets her first love, makes new friends, and meets a rival, Ludmilla. She keeps building up her musical talent day after day until the final show at the end of the year, where Angie manages to convince German, who now finally understands that singing and dancing is Violetta's passion and lets her attend Studio 21.

Cast

Main cast
 Martina Stoessel as Violetta Castillo
 Jorge Blanco as León Vargas
 Pablo Espinosa as Tomás Heredia
 Clara Alonso as Ángeles "Angie" Carrará
 Mirta Wons as Olga Patricia Peña
 Mercedes Lambre as Ludmila Ferro
 Alba Rico Navarro as Natalia Vidal
 Alfredo Allende as Lisandro Ramallo
 Facundo Gambandé as Maximiliano "Maxi" Ponte
 Florencia Benítez as Jade LaFontaine
 Lodovica Comello as Francesca Caviglia
 Joaquín Berthold as Matías LaFontaine
 Ezequiel Rodríguez as Pablo Galindo
 Candelaria Molfese as Camila Torres
 Diego Ramos as Germán Castillo
 Rodrigo Pedreira as Gregorio Casal
 Nicolás Garnier as Andrés Calixto
 Pablo Sultani as Roberto "Beto" Benvenuto
 Simone Lijoi as Luca Caviglia
 Artur Logunov as Braco
 Rodrigo Vellia as Napo
 Samuel Nascimento as Broduey
 Diego Alcalá es Marotti
 Sofía Carson es Melanie Sánchez
 Junior Losa  es Jesús Martín

Recurring cast

 Ruggero Pasquarelli as Federico
 Alberto Fernández de Rosa as Antonio Fernández Méndez
 Nilda Raggi as Angélica Carrará
 Nikole Castillo as Andrea
 Lucía Gil as Helena "Lena" Vidal
 Martín Pavlovsky as Dr. Dufré
 Diego Domínguez as Diego Hernández
 Valeria Baroni as Lara Jiménez
 xabiani ponce de leon as Marco Tavelli
 Carla Pandoffi as Esmeralda
 Valentina Frione as Jackie
 Damien Lauretta as Clement/Álex
 Macarena Miguel as Gery López
 Florencia Ortiz as Priscila Ferro
 Nacho Gadano as Nicolás Cortés
 Rodrigo Frampton as Milton Vinicíus
 Justina Bustos as Ana
 Paloma Sirven as Emma Toledo
 Luis Sabatini as Óscar Cardozo
 Sami Justo as Mara
 Guido Pennelli as Seba
 Dionisio Suarez as Dioni DJ
 Gaya Gur Arie as Libby
 Javier LQ as Felipe Díaz
 Soledad Camasco as Marcel Parodi
 German Tripel as Rafa Palmer
 Nilda Raggi as Angelica
 Nikola Castillo as Andrea
 Javier Nikilson Jacinto LaFontaine

Release and reception

Broadcast
The series originally ran from May 14 to October 26, 2012 on Disney Channel (Latin America). It ran from July 22, 2013 to August 28, 2014 on Disney Channel (UK and Ireland). It aired from August 26, 2013 to April 4, 2014 on Disney Channel (Europe, Middle East and Africa), The season premiered on October 18, 2013 on Disney Channel (Australia and New Zealand), and on March 3, 2014 on Disney Channel (Southeast Asia)

Ratings
In Spain, the first episode received a 3.1% share or 461,000 viewers and it has increased by 93% by the end of the first season. The series is also successful in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil for kids aged 4–11. It's also popular online, with  YouTube visits,  official website visits, and over  Facebook visits. The first episode in Italy received 195,973 viewers making it Disney Channel's most watched broadcast in the country. The average for each episode is 200,000 viewers. The Rai Gulp premiere had a 1% share or 272,000 viewers and the second episode received 300,000 viewers or a share of 1.34%.
In the UK the show isn't very popular due to people who are unhappy with dubbed songs, but recently the score 9.5 has increased 9.8 rating and making it one of the most successful shows on Disney Channel UK.

Episodes
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#FFFFF;"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" rowspan=2 | No. inseries
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" rowspan=2 | No. inseason
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" rowspan=2 | Title
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" colspan=2 | Original air date
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" | Latin America
! scope="col" style="background:#8800C3; color:#FFF;" | UK & Ireland
|-
!colspan="6;" style="background-color: #8800C3; color:#FFF;"| Su destino es hoy (in English "Her fate is now")

|-
!colspan="5;" style="background-color: #7F1E57; color:#FFF;"| Violetta está cambiando (in English "Violetta's changing")

|}

References

Notes

2012 Argentine television seasons