title: Plas Bennett

text:
Plas Bennett is a Grade II listed building in the community of Llandyrnog, Denbighshire, Wales, which dates back to the 18th century. It was listed by Cadw (Reference Number 758).
Plas Bennett is an early 18th century house, with a reported datestone of 1710. It is a 2-storey 5-window house with a slate roof. The sides and the rear of the house are rendered, with a dormer window at the back of the house. There is a reconstructed parapet, which partly conceals the roof at the front.

Location
This building is south-west of the village of Llandyrnog, with former farm buildings to the rear.

Notes

Grade II listed buildings in Denbighshire


title: Rozaina Adam

text:
Rozaina Adam (Dhivehi: ރޮޒައިނާ އާދަމް; born 12 December 1976) is a Member of Parliament in Maldives, who represents the Addu Meedhoo constituency. She has been a member of Parliament since August 2008 to date.

She is the Majority Chief Whip of the Maldivian Parliament as well as the Chair of the Independent Institutions Committee. In addition to this, she is also a member of the Human Rights and Gender committee. MP Rozaina is an executive board member of PGA – Parliamentarians for Global Action. She is the chair of PGA's most recent initiative, PARRT – Parliamentary Rapid Response Team. She is also WPL's (Women Political Leaders) ambassador for the Maldives.

Rozaina was appointed as the deputy leader of Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) parliamentary group on 2 June 2014 and filled this post until 2 July 2019. She represented the Thulusdhoo constituency in 17th People's Majlis. Before joining the Maldivian Democratic Party, MDP, she was a deputy leader of Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party, DRP.

She is a champion of children's and women's rights in the Maldives. She has also published a set of children's books to teach children to read and write in Dhivehi, the native language of Maldives, for which she received a presidential award.

Education

Rozaina holds a master's degree in Marketing from University of Western Australia, and a bachelor's degree in Management and Marketing from Curtin University of Technology, Australia. She also has a certificate in Teaching Middle School Science and Mathematics.

Political career
Rozaina was first appointed to the parliament as a representative of the president in 2008. After the new constitution of the Maldives was passed, she was elected in 2009 to represent the Thulusdhoo constituency of Kaafu Atoll and was elected on a Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (DRP) ticket. Rozaina was appointed as one of the deputy leaders of DRP on 23 April 2013. She was also president and vice president of DRP Women's Wing. Rozaina was a council member of DRP. She stepped down from her post on 18 November 2013 and joined Maldivian Democratic Party, MDP. She was elected to the parliament in 2019 on an MDP ticket to represent AdduMeedhoo constituency and re elected again for the same seat in 2019. She presented the bill on preventing domestic violence and also sponsored the bill on preventing work place harassment and also the bill on protecting child rights. In addition to this, Rozaina is also a member MDP National council.

On 13 August 2020, MP Rozaina Ahmed vocalized her despair on President Mohamed Nasheed for using parliament to intimidate Ministers and government officials. She stated her view after Economic Minister Fayyaz Ahmed was nominated for a No-Confidence vote.

Married life

Rozaina is married to Mohamed Nashiz since 1997. He is the Member of Parliament for Kimbidhoo constituency in the 19th parliament and was also the former Member of Parliament for Alifushi constituency in 17th Majlis. They have two children: a daughter, Zaina Nashiz, and a son, Zain Nashiz.

References

Members of the People's Majlis
Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party politicians
1976 births
Living people
21st-century Maldivian women politicians
21st-century Maldivian politicians


title: 1979–80 Inter Milan season

text:
Season
Mazzola and Beltrami acquired on transfers, Roberto Mozzini (centre-back) and Domenico Caso (right winger) for a team who - in previous years - was told did not win due to the lack of planning. The line-up was completed by:
Bordon (goalkeeper), Baresi and Pasinato (right and left full-back), Bini (sweeper and captain), Oriali (half-back), Marini (midfielder), Beccalossi (playmaker), Muraro (left winger) and Altobelli (centre-forward).

Inter retained the top of the league since matchday 1, beating Pescara 2–0. Autumnal highlights resulted to be the wins over Milan (2–0 with both goals scored by Beccalossi) and Juventus (4–0 with a hat-trick of Altobelli and a goal for Muraro). Toward the end of the first half, Inter lost some points losing to Roma and drawing with Fiorentina and Ascoli. However, by mid-season Inter was in first place with 21 points, two over the reigning champion of Milan. In the second half of the league, Inter earned another 20 points leaving all opponents behind. Their 12th Scudetto was won on 27 April 1980, with a 2–2 draw against Roma in which Mozzini scored his only goal of his Inter career. The final record was of 14 wins, 13 draws and three losses for a total of 41 points, three more than Juventus (38) and five more than Milan (36). During the 30 games, the side scored 44 goals with 11 different players (in order: Oriali, Altobelli, Beccalossi, Marini, Bini, Muraro, Pasinato, Baresi, Caso, Ambu and Mozzini). Altobelli hit the target for 15 times: just Roberto Bettega managed to do better, scoring 16 goals.

Squad

Competitions

Serie A

League table

Matches

Coppa Italia

First round

Quarterfinals

UEFA Cup

First round

Second round

Statistics

League result

2 points were awarded for every win, so Inter collected 41 points instead 56.

Player statistics
Appearances and goals are referred to domestic league.

References

Sources
- RSSSF Italy 1979/80

Inter Milan seasons
Internazionale Milano
Italian football championship-winning seasons


title: Choreomusicology

text:
Choreomusicology is a portmanteau word joining the words choreology and musicology.

As a discipline, choreomusicology emerged at the end of the twentieth century as a field of study concerned with the relationship between music and dance. More precisely, choreomusicology grew out of Euro-American performance traditions that considered musical composition and dance choreography as separate specialties. Not all performance genres separate music and dance into separate theoretical categories. The directionality of the relationship between sound and movement is not always fixed.

Choreomusicologists hold that studying the variable relationships between sound and movement in diverse performance arts can provide insight into perceptual sensibilities, cultural processes, and interpersonal dynamics. Famous artists whose works exhibit rich choreomusical relationships include: John Cage and Merce Cunningham, Igor Stravinsky and George Balanchine, and Louis Horst and Martha Graham. Interesting choreomusical relationships also exist in West Sumatran Tari Piring, West Javanese Pencak Silat, and Afro-Brazilian Capoeira to name but a few examples.

The following institutions have developed programs practicing and/or researching choreomusicology: accompagnement choregraphique CNSMDP (Paris), continuing studies at Institut del Teatre (Barcelona), MAD at DNSPA (Copenhagen). MCD at AND (Rome - L'Aquila).

See also
 Ethnochoreology
 Ethnomusicology

References

Further reading
Hodgins, Paul. (1992) Relationships between score and choreography in Twentieth-Century Dance: Music, Movement and Metaphor, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.

External links
Armadillo Dance Project
The Fighting Art of Pencak Silat and its Music
il Corpo nel Suono

Dance research


title: Custos Rotulorum of Kerry

text:
Custos rotulorum (plural: custodes rotulorum; Latin for "keeper of the rolls") is the keeper of a county's records and, by virtue of that office, the highest civil officer in the county.

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of County Kerry.

1746–1747: The 2nd Earl of Kerry
1770–?1781: The 1st Earl of Glandore
1785–1815: The 2nd Earl of Glandore
1815–1836: James Crosbie

For post-1831 custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Kerry

References

Kerry


title: Herbert I. Sorin

text:
Herbert I. Sorin (August 1, 1900 – August 26, 1994) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was born on August 1, 1900, in New York City, the son of Herbert Sorin (died 1930) and Rae Goldberg Sorin (1882–1966). He attended Public School No. 149 and Brooklyn Commercial High School. He graduated B.C.S. from New York University School of Commerce; and LL.B. from New York University School of Law. He was an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York for nine years.

Sorin was a member of the New York State Senate (10th D.) from 1949 to 1959, sitting in the 167th, 168th, 169th, 170th, 171st and 172nd New York State Legislatures. On September 18, 1959, he was appointed as a City Magistrate; and in 1962 became a Judge of the New York City Criminal Court.

He died on August 26, 1994; and was buried at the Mount Judah Cemetery in Ridgewood, Queens.

References

External links

1900 births
1994 deaths
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
Politicians from Brooklyn
New York University School of Law alumni
New York (state) state court judges
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
20th-century American politicians


title: Jun'ichi Kōuchi

text:
was a Japanese animator. He is referred to as one of the "fathers" of anime.

Works
Hanawa Hekonai Meitō no Maki, or The Dull Sword (1917)
Chamebō Kūkijūno Maki (1917)
Hanawa Hekonai Kappa Matsuri (1917)
Eiga Enzetsu Seiji no Rinrika Gotō Shinpei (1926)
Chonkire Hebi (1930)

References

External links

Jun'ichi Kōuchi at the National Film Archive of Japan

Japanese animators
Anime directors
Japanese animated film directors
Japanese animated film producers
1886 births
1970 deaths


title: Cascade Peaks

text:
The Cascade Peaks are three summits in the Monte Perdido Range of the Pyrenees, culminating at  on the eastern peak. The central peak, known as Brulle, and the western peak are  and  high, respectively. The peaks are located on the 3,000 m French-Spanish borderline crest.

Toponymy
The central summit was named in honor of Henri Brulle.

Geography
The peaks are part of the Monte Perdido Range above the Cirque de Gavarnie. The peaks are located in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France, and in Huesca province, in the Aragon region of Spain.

Geology
The summit is composed of massive algae sediments, miliolitic sediments (eolianite) and sandstone sediments from the Eocene and Oligocene periods.

References

Mountains of the Pyrenees
Mountains of Hautes-Pyrénées
Mountains of Aragon
Pyrenean three-thousanders


title: Nanakwas

text:
Nanakwas is a village in Mahendragarh district, Haryana, India.

Climate
Generally the climate is dry, with 461 mm of precipitation annually. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. The Köppen climate classification is BSh. The average annual temperature is 25.1 °C. The warmest month is June, with an average temperature of 34.1 °C. The coldest month is January, when the average temperature is 14.4 °C.

Water quality
EC Value in Micro Mhos/Cm is above 6000.

Nearby places
 Kothal Kalan
 Deroli Jat
 Atali
 Kothal Khurd
 Deroli Ahir
 Khatiwas
 Dulot
 Bhalkhi
 Sihma
 Dongra Ahir

References

Villages in Mahendragarh district


title: Wilshire Beverly Center

text:
The Wilshire Beverly Center is a landmark building in Beverly Hills, California.

Location
The building is located on the corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Beverly Drive in the City of Beverly Hills. The exact address is 9465 on Wilshire Boulevard.

History
It was designed in the International Style by renowned architect Victor Gruen (1903-1980) and completed in 1962. It was built by the Buckeye Construction Company, whose founder and CEO was George Konheim (1917–2001). It spans 184,000 square feet over nine floors.

Underneath the building, there are three levels of subterranean parking. In the context of the Cold War, they were also meant to enable 4,000 people to live there for fourteen days in the event of a nuclear attack.

Over the years, it has been home to the largest Bank of America branch in the United States. Additionally, it has been the headquarters of airline companies and a medical center. It currently houses Chase bank, among other tenants.

References

Buildings and structures in Beverly Hills, California
Commercial buildings completed in 1962
International style architecture in California


title: Buckley, Victoria

text:
Buckley is a rural locality in the Surf Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia. It was formerly known as Laketown. In the 2016 census, Buckley had a population of 211 people.

Laketown

A hotel called the Lady of the Lake Hotel opened on Barrabool Road at what is now Buckley in 1854, and the area began to be known as Laketown. The hotel reportedly flourished, being located on the road to Colac, and became a social centre for the area. The hotel was a coach stop on the road to Colac, and the Duke of Edinburgh reportedly stopped there in 1870 while his party's horses were being rested. A post office opened at Laketown on 15 March 1872, and a store as added around the same period.

A school was opened in 1878 close to the hotel, initially known as Mount Moriac State School (No. 2063), but renamed Laketown in 1883. A Laketown Football Club and Laketown Cricket Club existed in the 1870s, and had a sports ground west of the hotel. Laketown declined thereafter; the school closed in 1893, and was later used as a church and private residence. Laketown Post Office closed temporarily from 1 July to 1 October 1895, and then closed permanently on 1 October 1897. The Lady of the Lake Hotel's license lapsed in 1912, when it became a private home, and it burned down in 1962. The former school is the only surviving remnant of the former Laketown settlement, and is listed on the Surf Coast Shire heritage inventory as having state significance.

Buckley
The first school in what is now Buckley, which had predated that at the Laketown settlement, had opened in 1867 as Lake Modewarre School No. 926, a Catholic school. This school was located at the corner of Buckley School Road and Buckley School South. Wynd reports that it closed in 1874, but that some sources suggest it continued to 1883 and that its students were sent to the Laketown school. A second school, initially also named Lake Modewarre, opened in 1874 as School No. 1481; it changed its name to Buckley's Road State School in 1890, and again to Buckley State School in 1936. Buckley Primary School was closed and merged into Moriac Primary School, on the Moriac school site, in 1993.

The locality once had a railway station on the Port Fairy railway line. It was successively named Laketown, Modewarre, and then Buckley railway station, as the name of the area changed over the years, but has now closed. The station also had its own post office, separate to that at the Laketown settlement. That post office was opened as Lake Town Railway Station Post Office on 1 May 1884, renamed Modewarre Railway Station PO on 10 March 1885, Buckley's Road PO on 15 August 1890, Buckley Railway Station PO in 1910, and Buckley PO on 18 October 1848. It closed on 30 June 1970.

Buckley today remains a small rural locality. The Buckley Tennis and Social Club is among the last community institutions remaining in the town. The Erinvale Thoroughbreds stud, based on the historic Carawartha property, is at Buckley.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)
Surf Coast Shire


The 2014–15 DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball team represented DePaul University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Blue Demons, led by fifth year head coach Oliver Purnell, played their home games at the Allstate Arena, and were members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 12–20, 6–12 in Big East play to finish in a tie for seventh place. They lost in the first round of the Big East tournament to Creighton.

On March 14, head coach Oliver Purnell resigned. He finished at DuPaul with a five year record of 54–105.

Previous season
The Blue Demons finished the season 12–21, 3–15 in Big East play to finish in last place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Big East tournament where they lost to Creighton.

Departures

Incoming Transfers

Incoming recruits

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#00438c; color:#F10041;"| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#00438c; color:#F10041;"| Non-Conference Regular Season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#00438c; color:#F10041;"| Big East Conference Play

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#00438c; color:#F10041;"| Big East tournament

Notes

References

DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball seasons
DePaul
DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball
DePaul Blue Demons men's basketball


title: Deep Woods Estate

text:
Deep Woods Estate is an Australian winery at Yallingup, in the Margaret River wine region of Western Australia.

History
The winery's vineyard was established in 1987, and in 1992 it was purchased by the Gould family.  Since 2005, the business has been owned by Peter and Lee Fogarty, and comprises part of the Fogarty Wine Group.

In 2016, the winery won Australia's most sought-after wine trophy, the Jimmy Watson Memorial Trophy at the Royal Melbourne Wine Awards, for the 2014 Deep Woods Estate Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon The same wine was also awarded the Max Schubert trophy at the Royal Adelaide Wine Show.

Location
The winery is situated on Commonage Road in the Yallingup Hills. This sub-region sits at the Northern end of the Margaret River Wine Region of Western Australia. The Yallingup Hills contains some of the highest elevation vineyards in Margaret River.

Wines Produced
Deep Woods Estate produces a large number of wines across a range of varieties including: Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Merlot .

Key Staff
Julian Langworthy - Group Chief Winemaker and General Manager

John Fogarty - Group Chief Viticulturist

Emma Gillespie - Assistant Winemaker

See also

 Australian wine
 List of wineries in Western Australia
 Western Australian wine

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
Deep Woods Estate – official site

Companies established in 1987
Yallingup, Western Australia
Wineries in Western Australia
1987 establishments in Australia


title: Chicago P.D. (season 1)

text:
The first season of Chicago P.D. aired on NBC from January 8, 2014, at 10:00 p.m. EST, to May 21, 2014. The season consisted of 15 episodes.

Production
On March 27, 2013, it was reported that NBC was considering plans for a spin-off of Chicago Fire. Deadline revealed that the proposed spin-off would involve the Chicago Police Department, and would be created and executive produced by Dick Wolf, Derek Haas, Michael Brandt, and Matt Olmstead.

On May 10, 2013, NBC picked up the proposed spin-off, now titled Chicago P.D., for the 2013–14 United States network television schedule. On October 18, the series was given a premiere date of January 8, 2014.

On January 31, 2014, NBC ordered two additional episodes of Chicago P.D., bringing the total number of episodes for the first season to fifteen.

Casting
Tania Raymonde was cast in the planned series as an Officer named Nicole. Kelly Blatz, the lead-actor of Disney XD's Aaron Stone, was also cast as a young but seasoned Officer Elam. Scott Eastwood was set to portray Officer Jim Barnes. Eastwood also co-starred with Tania Raymonde in Texas Chainsaw 3D. Melissa Sagemiller would portray Detective Willhite, a member of the Chicago P.D. Intelligence Unit. LaRoyce Hawkins, in the role of Officer Kevin Atwater, was the only Chicago-area actor originally cast in May. These characters were introduced in the penultimate episodes of Chicago Fires first season.

Sagemiller's character was dropped after her initial guest spot on Chicago Fire and in the first episode of Chicago P.D.. Jesse Lee Soffer, who already had a recurring role on Chicago Fire as undercover cop Detective Jay Halstead, was added to the main cast in her place. Jason Beghe was cast as Sergeant of the Intelligence Unit Hank Voight and Jon Seda would play the role of Intelligence Unit Detective Antonio Dawson. Patrick Flueger and One Tree Hill star Sophia Bush joined the cast as Officer Adam Ruzek and Detective Erin Lindsay respectively. Marina Squerciati joined the cast in the role of Officer Kim Burgess. Elias Koteas became a member of the main cast and would play Intelligence Unit Detective Alvin Olinsky. Archie Kao was later announced to be playing Sheldon Jin, a tech-expert working with the Intelligence Unit. Stella Maeve was cast in the recurring role of playing Nadia, a pretty 18-year-old escort who is addicted to heroin and goes through a very difficult withdrawal. Both Eastwood and Raymonde, like Sagemiller, departed the series and would no longer be a part of the show's main cast. Sydney Tamiia Poitier was to guest star in five episodes as a Detective, who would eventually crossover on to the parent series, Chicago Fire.

Regular
 Jason Beghe as Sergeant Henry "Hank" Voight
 Jon Seda as Detective Antonio Dawson
 Sophia Bush as Detective Erin Lindsay
 Jesse Lee Soffer as Detective Jay Halstead
 Patrick John Flueger as Officer Adam Ruzek
 Marina Squerciati as Officer Kim Burgess
 LaRoyce Hawkins as Officer Kevin Atwater
 Archie Kao as Officer Sheldon Jin
 Elias Koteas as Detective Alvin Olinsky

Recurring
 Amy Morton as Desk Sergeant Trudy Platt
 Robert Wisdom as Commander Ron Perry
 Kurt Naebig as Lt. Bruce Belden
 America Olivo as Laura Dawson
 Josh Segarra as Justin Voight
 Robin Weigert as Erica Gradishar
 Emily Peterson as Wendy
 Stella Maeve as Nadia Decotis
 Alina Jenine Taber as Lexi Olinsky
 David Aron Damane as Maurice Owens
 Gabriel Ellis as Gustav Munoz
 Ian Bohen as Sergeant Edwin Stillwell
 Sydney Tamiia Poitier as Detective Mia Sumner
 Arturo Del Puerto as Andres "Pulpo" Diaz
 Matthew Sherbach as Lonnie Rodiger
 Don Forston as Phil Rodiger
 Billy Wirth as Charlie Pugliese

Crossover characters
 Taylor Kinney as Lieutenant Kelly Severide
 Monica Raymund as Paramedic Gabriela Dawson
 Lauren German as Paramedic Leslie Shay
 David Eigenberg as Firefighter Christopher Herrmann
 Charlie Barnett as Firefighter Peter Mills
 Yuri Sardarov as Firefighter Brian "Otis" Zvonecek
 Jesse Spencer as Lieutenant Matthew Casey
 Eamonn Walker as Battalion Chief Wallace Boden
 Joe Minoso as Firefighter Joe Cruz
 Ice-T as Detective Odafin "Fin" Tutuola
 Kelli Giddish as Detective Amanda Rollins

Episodes

Ratings
The series premiere was watched by 8.59 million viewers and achieved a 2.0/6 Adults 18–49 rating with the DVR ratings reaching 11 million. The season concluded on May 21 with 6.27 million, averaging the first season with 8.03 million viewers per episode.

Live + 7 Day (DVR) ratings

DVD release
The DVD release of season one was released after the season had completed its original television broadcast. The DVD release features bonus material such as audio commentaries on some episodes from the creator and cast, deleted scenes, gag reels and behind-the-scenes featurettes.

References

External links

2014 American television seasons
Chicago P.D. (TV series) seasons


title: Henry Alexander (Irish politician)

text:
Henry Alexander (1763 – 6 May 1818) was an Irish politician from County Londonderry.

Alexander was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. who sat in the Parliament of Ireland until its abolition under the Act of Union 1800 and then in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. He was returned as a Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Old Sarum in the 1802 election.

He was the brother of James Alexander, who was also a Member of Parliament for Old Sarum, and who bought the patronage of the borough in 1820 from their cousin, The 2nd Earl of Caledon. He was also the brother of Josias du Pré Alexander.

References

1763 births
1818 deaths
Politicians from County Londonderry
Irish MPs 1783–1790
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Irish MPs 1798–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Limerick constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1801–1802
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1802–1806
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Down constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Limerick constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Londonderry constituencies
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin


title: Piring dance

text:
Piring dance (Minangkabau: Piriang; Jawi: تاري ڤيريڠ) is a traditional Minangkabau plate dance originated from West Sumatra, Indonesia and performed both there and in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The dance might be performed by a group of women, men or couples, each of them holds plates in each hands, and vigorously rotate or half rotate them in various formations and fast movements.

The dance demonstrates the skill of the dancers that manage balance and to move the ceramics plate swiftly without dropping or breaking the plates. Sometimes candles are lit on the plate, and this variant is called tari lilin (candle dance). Dancers hold the bottom of plates in the palm of their hands and swing them wildly using the inertia to keep the plate from falling. Dancers tap their plates with a ring on one of their fingers to animate their movement with sonic accompaniment.

This dance is usually performed as a ceremonial welcoming dance to honor the guests and elders to a traditional ceremony. Next to randai, saman, pendet and jaipongan, the dance is also one of popular Indonesian traditional dances performed in festivals abroad to promote Indonesian culture and tourism.

History

Traditionally, this dance comes from Solok, West Sumatra. According to the legend of its early appearance, this Piring dance functions as a dance in fertility ceremonies. This dance is also a form of traditional art that has a lot of high aesthetic values and contains very deep ancestral cultural values. This dance is also a ritual of gratitude for the local community to the gods after getting an abundant harvest. The ritual is carried out by bringing sesajen (offering) in the form of food placed on a plate while walking with dynamic movements.

After the entry of Islam to Minangkabau, the piring dance is no longer used as a ritual of thanksgiving to the gods. However, the dance is used as a means of entertainment for many people who are displayed at public events.

Form and movement
The Piring dance movement in general is to place two plates on the palm of the hand. The dancer swings the plate in rapid movements, interspersed with the clinking of a plate or two rings on the dancer's finger against the plate he is carrying. At the end of the dance, usually the dancers will throw to the floor and the dancers will dance on broken plates. The number of plate dance dancers is usually served odd consisting of three to seven people.

The dancers wear brightly colored clothes with shades of red and yellow and headgear.

This dance is accompanied by a combination of talempong and saluang musical instruments.  The tempo of the music at first and regular, then gradually changed to become faster.

Gallery

See also

Candle dance
Pasambahan
Payung dance
Minangkabau

References

External links
Tari Piring video (couples) from YouTube
Tari Piring video (women) from YouTube

Piring


title: Victoria Premier League 1

text:
The Victoria Premier League 1 (formerly National Premier Leagues Victoria 2, 2014-2024), commonly referred to as VPL 1, is a semi-professional soccer league in Victoria, Australia. The league is the second-highest in the Victorian league system, behind the National Premier Leagues Victoria, and forms the third tier of the overall Australian league system.

Originally founded as NPL 1 in 2014, it has undergone several changes in competition structure since its inception. Comprising 14 teams in its first season, the league then featured 20 teams divided into two geographic East and West conferences from 2015–19. With the creation of NPL Victoria 3 in 2020, a state-wide second division was re-founded, comprising 12 clubs. Beginning from the 2024 season, NPL Victoria 2 and NPL Victoria 3 have reverted to Victoria Premier League, the name prior to the formation of the National Premier Leagues.

The competition is administered by Football Victoria, the governing body of the sport in the state.

Format
In 2014, the competition was a 14 team league.

For the 2015–2019 seasons, the league was divided into East and West conferences of 10 teams each. Each team played home and away against teams in their conference and single games against each team in the opposite conference. The winner of each conference was promoted to the NPL Victoria, while second place in each conference entered into a promotion/relegation series.

In 2020, the competition reverted to a 12 team league.

For 2023 seasons, the competition returns to a 14 team league.

Current clubs (2024)
The following clubs will take part in the 2024 VPL 1 season:

History
Avondale FC were the inaugural champions of the National Premier Leagues Victoria 1 division in 2014, while North Geelong finished the season as runners up with both sides earning promotion to the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

On 6 November 2014, Football Federation Victoria announced Melbourne City FC NPL and Melbourne Victory FC Youth would join the league in 2015. Eastern Lions SC, Murray United FC, Nunawading City FC and Moreland City FC all also joined the expanded competition for the 2015 season. FC Bulleen Lions and Richmond SC were the two clubs to achieve automatic promotion in the revamped league in 2015 by winning their respective conferences. Melbourne Victory joined them by beating NPL2 West runner up Moreland Zebras FC in the NPL2 preliminary promotion playoff, and then North Geelong in the promotion playoff, with North Geelong joining automatically relegated sides Werribee City FC and Dandenong Thunder SC in NPL2 for 2016.

In 2016, St Albans Saints SC and Kingston City FC won automatic promotion by winning their respective West and East conferences, while North Geelong immediately bounced back into the top-flight, beating Dandenong Thunder in the NPL2 playoff and Richmond in the NPL promotion-relegation playoff. Richmond, Melbourne Victory and Northcote City FC were the relegated sides from NPL, joining the NPL2 for 2017.

Past winners

References

External links
 Football Victoria website

Notes

Soccer leagues in Victoria (state)
Recurring sporting events established in 2014
2014 establishments in Australia
Sports leagues established in 2014
Professional sports leagues in Australia
Third level football leagues in Asia


title: Amy Butler (minister)

text:
Amy Butler is an American ordained Christian minister. She was the first woman to serve as the senior minister at the Riverside Church in New York CIty and the first woman to lead the Calvary Baptist Church in Washington D.C. Butler also served as the interim senior minister of the National City Christian Church, the National Church Of The Christian Church (Disciples Of Christ) in Washington D.C.

Education and career
Butler attended Baylor University, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1991 and a Master of Arts in 1996. She also holds a Bachelor of Theology from the International Baptist Theological Seminary (IBTS) in Ruschlikon, Switzerland, and a Doctor of Ministry degree from Wesley Theological Seminary.

Following her graduation from IBTS, Butler led a homeless shelter in New Orleans, Louisiana through the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship and served on the staff of Lindy's Place, a transitional housing facility, providing support for women coming out of homelessness. Butler then became Associate Pastor of Membership and Mission at St. Charles Avenue Baptist Church, also in New Orleans.

In 2003, Butler became Senior Minister of Calvary Baptist Church in Washington, DC, the founding church of the Northern Baptist Convention, now American Baptist Churches USA. As Calvary's first female Senior Minister, Butler helped Calvary more than triple in membership. Her work at Calvary was featured in Paul Nixon's book We Refused to Lead a Dying Church!: Churches That Came Back Against All Odds. She held this position until 2014, at which time she accepted the Senior Minister position at The Riverside Church.

The Riverside Church
Butler was elected to the senior minister position at Riverside on June 8, 2014. In July 2019, after Butler completed an initial five-year term at the church, it was announced that the church's governing body would not be extending Butler's term for an additional five years. The official announcement described the decision as mutual. Later reports, however, cited other potentially contributing factors in the governing body's decision. These included retaliation against Butler for a sexual harassment claim she and others filed against a Church Council member, a visit to an education-based sex toy store with two church employees and a congregant during an out-of-town conference trip, and her requests to be compensated the same as her male predecessor and have protections to guard staff against church leaders who engaged in practices of harassment and bullying. A former church council member claimed that although the Church Council had conducted a full and comprehensive investigation into the lay leader accused of sexually harassing female staff members, the governing body voted to terminate their relationship with Butler after an investigation that seemed rushed and poorly documented by comparison into complaints leveled against her by unnamed staff members.

Invested Faith
In 2019, Butler founded Invested Faith, a non-profit funded by institutions and individuals.  With the guidance of a board of advisors, the organization provides financial grants to faith-rooted social entrepreneurs.

Beautiful and Terrible Things
In October 2023, Penguin Random House published Butler's book, Beautiful and Terrible Things.  Its title was inspired by theologian Frederick Buechner's writings.  Centered on the significance of authenticity in relationships and within communities of faith, Butler said: “If there’s one thing I hope this book does, it is to give us a little bit of courage to tell the truth about our lives, especially as pastors."

Personal life
Butler was raised in Hawaii and is the mother of three children.  She is divorced.

Bibliography
Beautiful and Terrible Things, Penguin Random House, 240 pp, October 2023,

References

External links
 Invested Faith

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Religious leaders from Hawaii
Clergy from New York City
Wesley Theological Seminary alumni
Women Christian clergy
Baylor University alumni
21st-century Baptist ministers from the United States


title: José Jesús Vázquez González

text:
José Jesús Vázquez González (born 4 April 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Veracruz.

References

1977 births
Living people
Politicians from Veracruz
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Veracruz


title: Tamani Hotel Marina

text:
Tamani Hotel Marina (also known as Number One Dubai Marina) is a 55-story hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

About

The hotel is a family oriented hotel and is guests drawn from countries such as Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. The hotel has promoted itself as offering a "Shopping Experience". It increased its guest numbers by 5% between 2012 and 2013.

The hotel is situated directly opposite the Dubai Marina and Yacht Club. The 55-story tower, built in steel and glass, has 245 bedroom apartments. The property is decorated in a contemporary Arabic style. Facilities include outdoor and indoor pools, a gym, and a health club complete with a sauna, spa, and Jacuzzi.

It is  high. The hotel overlooks Palm Islands and is near Jumeirah Beach.

Awards

The hotel won a 2013 World Luxury Hotel Award.
The hotel was recognized at MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Travel Awards 2013 with the silver medal.

See also

List of tallest hotels in the world
List of tallest buildings in Dubai

References

External links
 http://www.tamanimarina.ae

Architecture in Dubai
Hotel buildings completed in 2006
Residential buildings completed in 2006
Residential skyscrapers in Dubai
Skyscraper hotels in Dubai


title: EMBRACE (telescope)

text:
EMBRACE (Electronic MultiBeam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt) is a prototype radio telescope for phase two of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. It's the first dense phased array for radioastronomy in the GHz frequency range (initially planned for covering the 0.5-1.5 GHz, mid-frequency band of SKA). It is composed of two sites, one at the Nançay radio telescope station in France, and one near the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope antennas in Netherlands.

References

External links
 http://satorchi.net/skads/embrace64.php
 https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020648/http://www.astron.nl/r-d-laboratory/ska/embrace/embrace

Radio telescopes
Square Kilometre Array


title: Mafatih al-hayat

text:
Mafatih al-Hayat (, "keys to life") is a religious work written by Ayatollah Javadi Amoli intended to complete Mafatih al-Janan, a book by Sheikh Abbas Qummi.

Authors

The authors of Mafatih al-Hayat are a team of writers working at the Qom Seminary under Ayatollah Javadi Amoli.

Release

The book, which was published in 2012, has been reprinted by Qom's Isra Publication Centre 150 times within two years of its release. When first displayed in the 2012 Tehran International Book Exhibition it was very well received.

Differences from Mafatih al-Janan

In Amoli's own words, Mafatih al-Janan focuses on how humans can pursue the right path in the light of God. By contrast, Mafatih al-Hayat discusses the ways man can interact and communicate with other creatures.

Summary

Mafatih al-Hayat is divided into five main parts and a sixth final part:
 The first part is on the interaction of humans with themselves. The chapters in this section include: thinking, learning, keeping the body clean, eat, dress, adornment, accommodation, travel, sleep, leisure, sports and so on.
 The second part, on interactions with others, has chapters on fellow Muslims, foreigners, the poor, enemies, citizens and so on.
 The third part is on the interaction between people and the Islamic regime, discussing political, social, municipal and economic affairs.
 The fourth part of Mafatih al-Hayat is on human interaction with animals and discusses taking care of animals, enjoying animals, animal rights, etc.
 The fifth part is about human interaction with the environment, including environmental issues, soil, trees, green space, wind, rain, rivers, roads, fuel, tourism and so on.
 The final part includes work on lunar months, traditions and so on.

References

External links
 Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's personal website

Ethics books


title: Mohanpur, Rewari

text:
Mohanpur is a village in Bawal Tehsil in Rewari District of Haryana State, India. It is located  towards South from District Rewari.  from Bawal. It is  from State capital Chandigarh.

Demographics

See also
 Bawal Block of Rewari
 Rewari

References

Villages in Rewari district


title: Bernardo Vega Carlos

text:
Bernardo Vega Carlos (born 25 September 1957) is a Mexican lawyer and politician formerly affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Sinaloa.

References

1957 births
Living people
People from Sinaloa
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Sinaloa


title: Principles of sustainment

text:
Principles of sustainment or principles of logistics are a set of military principles from the United States Army doctrine. They are essential to maintaining combat power, enabling strategic and operational reach, and providing US Army forces with endurance. While these principles are independent, they are also interrelated.

U.S. Army Doctrine Publication 4-0, published 31 July 2012 addresses sustainment principles.

 Integration is combining all of the elements of sustainment (tasks, functions, systems, processes, organizations) to operations assuring unity of command and effort. Army forces integrate sustainment with joint forces and multinational operations to maximize the complementary and reinforcing effects from each Service and national resources.
 Anticipation is the ability to foresee operational requirements and initiate actions that satisfy a response without waiting for an operations order or fragmentary order. Sustainment commanders and staffs visualize future operations, identify required support and start the process of acquiring the sustainment that best supports the operation.
 Responsiveness is the ability to react to changing requirements and respond to meet the needs to maintain support. Through responsive sustainment, commanders maintain operational focus and pressure, set the tempo of friendly operations to prevent exhaustion, replace ineffective units, and extend operational reach.
 Simplicity relates to processes and procedures to minimize the complexity of sustainment. Clarity of tasks, standardized and interoperable procedures, and clearly defined command relationships contribute to simplicity.
 Economy is providing sustainment resources in an efficient manner to enable a commander to employ all assets to achieve the greatest effect possible. It is achieved through efficient management and discipline, prioritizing and allocating resources, and capitalizing on joint interdependencies. It can also be achieved by contracting for support or using host nation resources to reduce or eliminate the use of military resources.
 Survivability is all aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while simultaneously deceiving the enemy (JP 3-34). Survivability consists of a quality or capability of military forces which permits then to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental conditions while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. In mitigating risks and minimizing disruptions to sustainment, commanders often must rely on the use of redundant sustainment capabilities and alternative support plans.
 Continuity is the uninterrupted provision of sustainment across all levels of war. It is achieved through a system of integrated and focused networks linking sustainment across the levels of war, other Service support capabilities, and to operations. It assures confidence in sustainment allowing commanders’ freedom of action, operational reach and prolonged endurance.
 Improvisation is the ability to adapt sustainment operations to unexpected situations or circumstances affecting a mission. It includes creating, inventing, arranging, or fabricating what is needed from what is available. The sustainment commander must apply operational art to visualize complex operations and understand what is possible at the tactical level. These skills enable commanders to improvise operational and tactical actions when enemy actions unexpected events disrupt sustainment operations.

See also
 Principles of War
 Combat service support (United States)

References

Military doctrines
United States Army doctrine


title: Saltbush scrub

text:
Saltbush scrub is a Mojave Desert plant community and vegetation type, found above and beyond the alkali sink Shadscale scrub type.

Halophyte plants must deal with salt in the soil, but in less high concentrations than are found in the alkali sink shadscale scrub zone. Alkali sink vegetation grades into saltbrush scrub.

Flora
Common species include members of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), such as:
 four-wing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens)
shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia)
cattle spinach, or all-scale (Atriplex polycarpa).

The shadscale scrub community vegetation also has these family Chenopodiaceae species, but is found at higher elevations.

See also
Shadscale scrub plant community

References

.
.
Plant communities of California
Halophytes


title: Friedenstein Palace

text:
Friedenstein Palace () is an early Baroque palace built in the mid-17th century by Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha at Gotha, Thuringia, Germany. In Germany, Friedenstein was one of the largest palaces of its time and one of the first Baroque palaces ever built. Friedenstein served as the main seat of the Dukes of Saxe-Gotha and later as one of the residences of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, closely linked with the royal family of Great Britain through the marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The final two ruling Dukes were both princes of the United Kingdom.

The palace complex today houses several museums. It is also notable for hosting the , one of the oldest theatres in operation in Germany, still featuring the original Baroque machinery for changing the scenery.

History

Earlier structures
The site where Friedenstein stands today, dominating the town of Gotha and its surroundings, was previously occupied by Grimmenstein Castle. It was first mentioned in 1316 and rebuilt in 1531-43 when it was also fortified in accordance with the changed requirements for a fortress in the age of gunpowder. In 1547, the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin as members of the Protestant Schmalkaldic League had lost the Battle of Mühlberg against the Catholic forces of Emperor Charles V. As a result, Johann Friedrich I, Kurfürst von Sachsen (John Frederick I) was stripped of his title as "Elector of Saxony" (Kurwürde). Imperial forces blew up the fortifications of Grimmenstein but left the castle itself largely intact. It was rebuilt in 1552-54. However, in 1567 the fortress was almost completely razed as a result of the attempt of Johann Friedrich II (John Frederick II) to regain the Kurwürde by force of arms.

Construction
In 1640, Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha, also known as Ernst der Fromme ("Ernest the Pious"), first ruler of the newly created Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, settled on Gotha as the site for his Residenz. Gotha at the time was the largest town in the Duchy. In 1641/42 work began on the park, followed by construction of the palace itself in 1643. In naming the castle Friedenstein (literally "peace-rock"), Ernst made a point of drawing a clear line between this new palace and the warlike history of its predecessor. In addition, with the Thirty Years War still ongoing, the name also expressed a desire for peace after decades of warfare.

Based on plans by  (1600-1663),  (1601-1679) was in charge of building the castle. When it was finished in 1656, Friedenstein was the first ever Residenz in the Baroque style built on German soil that was completed during the lifetime of the ruler who ordered it. To justify the expense of such a vast structure, Ernest explicitly referred to the need to accommodate the administration for the new Duchy.

In July 1655, work began on fortifying the castle. By 1672, four bastions had been completed. The outer works were finished by 1687 and, beginning in 1663, the town of Gotha was also fortified. In 1672, the House of Saxe-Altenburg ended and most of the Duchy passed to Ernst, who now was ruler of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Although the Duchy now had two Residenzen, Gotha was by far the more important one.

However, Ernst was unwilling to exclude any of his surviving sons from his heritage. So after his death in 1675, the Duchy was split in 1680/81 into seven separate territories: Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Römhild, Saxe-Eisenberg, Saxe-Hildburghausen and Saxe-Saalfeld. Ernst's oldest son, Friedrich I, became Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, with his main Residenz at Gotha.

House of Saxe-Coburg
In 1826, after the death of the heirless Friedrich IV, the Duchy was split and Gotha passed to Ernst I of the House of Saxe-Coburg and father of Albert, Prince Consort who was to marry Queen Victoria. Ernst I now styled himself "Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha", although he technically held the two separate Duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in personal union.

For the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the latter was only a secondary residence, the focus was squarely on Coburg, where the Ehrenburg Palace was the main residence. Ernst II, successor of Ernst I and older brother of Albert, did not live in the castle when in Gotha, but at the Winterpalais in the town. During his long reign (died in 1893), the castle only housed the administration of the Duchy. Since Ernst II was without heir, he made his nephew, Alfred, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, his heir. Alfred renounced his title of Duke of Edinburgh and his seat in the House of Lords and went to Germany.

In 1899, his only son Alfred reportedly shot himself during his parents' 25th wedding anniversary celebrations at Friedenstein. After being cared for in the castle for some days he was sent to a sanatorium near Meran, where he died on 6 February 1899. As Alfred's uncle, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and cousin, Prince Arthur of Connaught, both renounced their right of succession to the Duchy, the title passed to Charles Edward (Karl Eduard), the son of the Duke of Albany, fourth son of Victoria and Albert. Since Charles Edward was only 16 at the time, until his 21st birthday on 19 July 1905 a regency was installed. World War I caused a conflict of loyalties for Charles Edward/Karl Eduard, but he sided with Germany, leading the British government to strip him of his titles in the United Kingdom.

In November 1918, during the German Revolution Charles Edward was deposed by the local "Workers' and Soldiers' Council" and on 23 November he signed his abdication, thus ending the existence of the Duchy. The castle was now used as a museum.

After 1918
During World War II an air raid shelter was constructed in the casemates of the castle. In 1944, part of the park and outbuildings were heavily damaged by Allied bombing.

After the end of the war, a significant part of the art treasures of the Friedenstein museums was transported to the Soviet Union as war reparations. However, most of it was restored in the late 1950s.

During the time of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), renovation work in the castle began in 1965 and many of the additions of the late 19th and early 20th century were removed from the interior.

In what became known as the , in the night from 13 to 14 December 1979, five valuable paintings were stolen from the castle: Frans Hals (Brustbild eines jungen Mannes), Anthony van Dyck (Selbstbildnis mit Sonnenblume), Ferdinand Bol (Alter Mann), Jan Brueghel the Elder (Landstraße mit Bauernwagen und Kühen) und Hans Holbein the Elder (Heilige Katharina). A special commission of the GDR police failed to solve the theft. It took no less than 40 years for the paintings to be recovered. The theft is not unsolved. The thief's name was Rudolf (Rudi) Bernhardt born in Kassel. He was a traindriver in East-Germany and a victim of the Stasi. As a revenge he stole the paintings. He died in 2016.

In 2004, the castle and parks came into the care of the Stiftung Thüringer Schlösser und Gärten.

Building history and architecture

Building history

The castle built for Ernst I was constructed according to general principles favoured by Protestant rulers in the 17th century. It took the form of a so-called "sub-ordinated" palace, meaning that the four wings are not on an equal footing but that there is one dominating main wing. At Friedenstein that is the four-story north wing, facing the town. The two side wings have three floors (but end in the four-story towers or pavilions) and the final wing had just one floor. Initially, all the state apartments were housed in the four-storied sections of the palace.

The palace dominates the town by its sheer size: the main wing is 100 metres long, the two side wings are 140 metres long. Although the interior of the palace has been significantly altered since the time of Ernst I, the exterior has remained largely unchanged. The simple, unadorned exterior was originally selected to contrast with the palaces of Catholic princes, which at the time were still mostly influenced by the elaborate Renaissance style. The only major embellishment at Friedenstein were four larger-than-life statues located at the four corners of the palace, showing Moses, Elijah, John the Baptist and Martin Luther. Other external features were a few reliefs salvaged from the old Grimmenstein and some decoration above the main gate to the courtyard, located in the centre of the north wing. The austere facades are structured not by ornamental features but only by the symmetrical arrangement of the windows and a cornice running around the whole building between the first and second floors. On the side facing the courtyard, an arcade was constructed running around all four wings of the palace. The major later change to the external appearance of the palace has been the addition of the two buildings on the left and right of the main wing facing the town, known as Pagenhaus and Wachthaus, added in 1778/79. At that time the four statues were also removed.

None of the original state rooms constructed for Ernst I remain today. The palace sections that have maintained their original use include the chapel and the Geheimes Archiv on the ground floor of the north wing. Otherwise the ground floor of all the wings housed servants' and storage rooms as well as an armoury, a stable, a mint and a smithy. The fourth wing contained a riding hall. The first upper floor of all the wings is slightly lower than the others – it used to house the offices of the Ducal administration. The second floor contained the main representatives areas reached by two staircases located at the juncture between the north and the side wings.

The palace interior was completely rearranged as early as the reign of Friedrich I, Ernst's son. In 1677, the east pavilion was struck by lightning and burned down. Fire walls helped to contain the fire to that part of the palace. It was realized that the Great Hall in the north wing, stretching over two floors and reaching above the chapel, prevented the addition of fire walls to the main wing. The hall was thus demolished and replaced by a new fire wall along with new state apartments: a flight of five rooms each for Duke and Duchess. These rooms were finished by around 1685. After that a new main hall, the Tafelgemach or Hauptsaal was added. After 1687, a crypt for the burial of the Ducal family was created beneath the chapel and the chapel itself rebuilt. In 1681/82, the former ballroom in the west pavilion was replaced by a theatre (see below). In 1684-87, the east pavilion was rebuilt and crowned with a rounded roof, distinguishing it from the west pavilion which retains its original roof shape. Friedrich III had the rooms of the Duchess renovated in 1747/51 and some years later, rooms for Friedrich III were added to the east pavilion. Friedrich's son Ernst II moved out of the Baroque state apartments in the main wing and into new rooms in the east wing, between the Mirror Hall and the east pavilion. Ernst II also had various other changes made to the palace and its surroundings, including tearing down some of the original gate buildings and ramparts and replacing the riding hall to the south with the simple wall now closing off the arcades of the south wing.

Starting in 1797, the former guest quarters in the west wing were redesigned and new ones added. Rooms were planned for heir apparent Emil August and his bride. Since work was not finished in time for the wedding, the Princess moved into the rooms in the northwest corner and Emil August into the unfinished west wing. After his wife died in 1801, Emil August had her rooms changed for his own needs. The bastions around the palace were removed around the year 1800 without ever having been used in defence.

Emil August's brother and successor, Friedrich IV did not live in the palace but in the town. His main contribution to the palace was bringing together the gallery of paintings from Friedenstein and other castles in the vicinity. This was located on the second floor of the west pavilion. Friedrich also created the Kunst- und Naturalienkabinett on the third floor of the north wing – the nucleus of the Ducal museums.

After the change in dynasties, the new Duke Ernst I von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha had the rooms in the northwest corner redesigned. His son Ernst II, however, did not live in the palace but at the  in the town. With Friedenstein not used as a residential palace, the focus shifted to its function as administrative centre of the Duchy. Various changes occurred during the long reign of Ernst II: Space for the museum became too tight, so it was decided in 1863 to construct a specialised building. This new museum was built in 1864-79 south of the palace. After a new theatre had been built in town in 1837-40, the Ekhof-Theater lost its function as the main stage. In 1847, new stables ( Marstall ) were built, freeing up space in Friedenstein itself. Finally, in 1860/61 the main state apartments were fundamentally redecorated to bring them in line with the tastes of the times.

The use of the palace changed again under Alfred. Despite the work done in the 1860s, the palace was not suitable for running a household in accordance with the demands of a ruling prince, lacking sufficient guest quarters for example. As a consequence, most of the Duchy’s administration was moved out of the palace and into the town. Substantial redecoration work was done to the state apartments at that time. The final round of redesigns occurred under Charles Edward after 1905. Many of the changes wrought by the final two princes were undone by renovation work after 1965, however.

Ekhof-Theater

Located in the west pavilion, the Schlosstheater was built in 1681-87 by Caspar Lindemann and Hans Hoffmann. It is one of the oldest still operating theatres in Germany.

Today, the theatre is named after its best-known Direktor. In 1774, an actor group led by Conrad (or Konrad) Ekhof, called "the father of German acting", came from Weimar to Gotha. Ekhof began working at the Schlosstheater and became Direktor of the newly created "court theatre" while acting in many plays himself. Having turned it into one of the leading theatres in Germany, after his death in 1778 the fame of the theatre declined rapidly.

The current appearance of the theatre dates mostly to renovation in 1774/75, although the ceiling (looking like Coffer but actually printed on canvas) is still the original from the 1680s. In the 1770s, the balcony was extended and a second one added above. The theatre features a Baroque  still in working condition, which makes it possible to change the scenery in view of the audience while the curtain is open. The mechanism was restored in the 1770s but is largely unchanged from 1683.

Parks
Friedenstein is surrounded by substantial gardens, developed individually but today linked into one park. The first garden was created even before the castle itself. The vegetable garden south of the castle was started in 1641/42. In 1645 and 1649, other gardens followed; the Hertzogin Lustgärtlein in the west and another Lustgarten to the east. Due to the existence of the massive fortifications around the castle, these first gardens were fairly small.

In 1707/08, a water feature (Wasserkunst) was added north of the castle on the slope towards the town. Around 1700, the western Lustgarten was redesigned  in a Baroque style (this garden does not exist anymore today). More gardens were created east of the castle and in 1706 the eastern Lustgarten was also redesigned. From 1708 to 1711/14 the Friedrichsthaler Garten was created with a Lustschloss that eventually became the French Baroque style Schloss Friedrichsthal.

The axis between Friedrichsthal and Friedenstein was turned into the Orangeriegarten between 1747 and 1774, designed by . This is the  oldest part of the gardens still in existence today. By the time it was finished, however, this type of garden had become unfashionable.

After 1767, Ernst II combined the individual gardens into a single ensemble. The bastions were demolished and new sections added:
 The English landscape garden to the south is based on ideas of Lancelot Brown and was originally designed by . It is one of the oldest such parks in continental Europe, built after 1769.
 After 1779, the Herzoginnengarten was built, south of the Orangerie and in 1781 a Gothic revival building was added (Teeschlösschen).
 Finally, the fortifications were replaced by the Herzögliche Anlagen.

In the 19th century, only minor alterations were made to the gardens. After the change in dynasties, the English garden was opened to the public in 1827. In the second half of the 19th century the last remaining formal gardens were replaced - the new museum building and the Tannengarten replaced the kitchen garden in 1869-82.

Major changes in the 20th century were limited to memorials and the areas immediately to the north and south of the castle proper. In 1904, the statue of Ernst der Fromme to the north was erected. This area between town and castle has since been restored in 1998, although it was previously occupied in turn by a fire pond, an air raid shelter and a parking area. South of the castle, a memorial to the dead of World War I was built in 1927 on the Reitplatz. In 1930, this area was part of the Deutsche Rosenschau. In 1947, the statue of the soldier was removed by the Soviet authorities and twenty years later replaced with a memorial to “the victims of fascism”. This memorial in turn was demolished in 2011.

Today

The palace houses the Schlossmuseum (state apartments), Museum der Natur (natural history) and the "Historical Museum Gotha" in the north and west wing, the  in the west wing and the  in the east wing.

The Schlossmuseum currently combines the Baroque and neoclassical state apartments, the Ducal Kunstkammer, the Neue Münzkabinett (numismatic collection) and the Ekhof-Theater.

The gallery of paintings has been moved to the New Museum building outside the palace itself. This reorganisation is part of the general overhaul of the museums that began in 2010 under the label Barockes Universum Gotha ("Baroque universe Gotha").

References

Further reading
In German:
 Erhard Drachenberg: Die Architektur des Schlosses Friedenstein. In: Der Friedenstein. Monatsblätter des Deutschen Kulturbundes. 1961, , p. 260–270.
 Marc Rohrmüller: Schloss Friedenstein. Architektur, Distribution, Ausstattung. In: Juliane Ricarda Brandsch (Ed.): Ernst der Fromme (1601–1675). Bauherr und Sammler. Schlossmuseum, Gotha 2001, p. 11–20.
 Dieter Schnabel: Die Fürstengruft der Schlosskirche von Schloss Friedenstein. Wahrheit, Legende, Mysterium. Schnabel, Gotha 2003.
 Jörn Tillmann Rieckhof Nackas: Schloss Friedenstein in Gotha. Entwürfe für die Residenz Ernsts des Frommen (1601–1675). Berlin 2010 (Berlin, Freie Univ., Magisterarbeit, 2010).
 Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (Ed.): Märchenschloss Friedenstein - Gotha erzählt. Ausstellungskatalog. Mitteldeutscher Verlag Halle (Saale) 2012,

External links
 Official Website
 Forschungszentrum Gotha of Erfurt University (German)
 Freundeskreis Friedenstein (German)
 Stiftung Friedenstein (German)
 Article about the palace from August 2010 (German)

House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Museums in Thuringia
Castles in Thuringia
Royal residences in Germany


title: Juan Manuel Vega Rayet

text:
Juan Manuel Vega Rayet (born 22 September 1959) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.

References

1959 births
Living people
People from Puebla
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Puebla


title: Wurdiboluc, Victoria

text:
Wurdiboluc is a rural locality in the Surf Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia. In the , Wurdiboluc had a population of 569 people.

A post office was opened in July 1927 as Wurdiboluc State School PO. A receiving office had previously existed since around 1902. It was renamed Wurdiboluc PO in 1932 and closed on 30 September 1966.

Wurdiboluc once had a state school; the date of its closure is unknown. In 1902, a proposal was made to amalgamate the school with that at nearby Wensleydale, on a new central site; instead, the Wensleydale school was closed in 1903, and the Department of Education arranged to transport the Wensleydale students to the Wurdiboluc school.

Newspaper advertisements from the 1860s refer to a "Wurdee Boluc Hotel" or "Reeves' Telegraph Hotel" at Wurdiboluc.

Wurdee Boluc Reservoir, the main water storage for the city of Geelong, is located in Wurdiboluc. The reservoir has picnic facilities, and is also used for fishing. The adjacent Wurdee Boluc Water Treatment Plant is responsible for filtering, disinfecting and fluoridating Geelong's water supply.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)


title: List of South Africa national rugby sevens players

text:
Below is a listing of all South African rugby union players that have represented the Blitzbokke since 1993.

The "Years" column indicates the years during which each player was active. Tournaments that formed part of the Sevens World Series since its formalisation in 1999 are displayed for the date range of the relevant season.

See also

 South Africa national rugby sevens team
 Rugby World Cup Sevens
 Sevens World Series
 Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games
 Rugby union at the World Games

References

External links

National rugby sevens teams

sevens


title: Araceli Velázquez

text:
Araceli Velázquez Ramírez (born 4 December 1961) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. She served as a federal deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Hidalgo as replacement of Jorge Romero Romero. Previously, she served as a local deputy in the LIX Legislature of the Congress of Hidalgo and as the municipal president of Tepeji, Hidalgo.

References

1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Hidalgo (state)
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians
Members of the Congress of Hidalgo
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Hidalgo (state)
Municipal presidents in Hidalgo (state)


title: Nothing Rhymed

text:
"Nothing Rhymed" is a song written and recorded by the Irish singer-songwriter Gilbert O'Sullivan. It was released in 1970.

The song was O'Sullivan's first hit single in the UK. It peaked at number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, number 2 in Ireland, and number 1 in the Netherlands. "Nothing Rhymed" subsequently appeared on his 1971 album, Himself.

Background
According to O'Sullivan, he wrote the song after seeing film footage of starving children in Africa (during the Nigerian Civil War) on television for the first time. Later, after being signed by manager Gordon Mills, the song was then recorded and released. Renowned session bassist Herbie Flowers features on the original recording.

Pop historian Paul Gambaccini described it as "one of the great songs of all time" in the 2007 BBC documentary Kings of 70s Romance. In 2012, Paul Weller declared "Nothing Rhymed" and "Alone Again (Naturally)" as "two of my favourite songs, great lyrics, great tunes".

Cover versions
The song is among O'Sullivan's most covered. Tom Jones who, like O'Sullivan, was managed by Gordon Mills, covered it on his 1971 album She's a Lady. That same year, a faithful rendering of the song but with new Italian lyrics was released by I Profeti as the title track of their second album Era Bella. Yvonne Elliman covered it on her 1972 self-titled debut album. It was also covered by the Guess Who frontman Burton Cummings on his self-titled first solo album released in 1976. Canadian singer-songwriter Emm Gryner covered the song on her 2005 album Songs of Love and Death. Since 2002, Morrissey has occasionally covered "Nothing Rhymed" in concert. It has been noted that Morrissey's song "Yes I Am Blind" bears a musical resemblance to the song.

Charts

References

External links
 Gilbert O Sullivan - Nothing Rhymed at TopPop,  26 October 1980

1970 songs
1970 singles
Gilbert O'Sullivan songs
Songs written by Gilbert O'Sullivan
Number-one singles in the Netherlands
MAM Records singles


title: Jorge Romero Romero

text:
Jorge Romero Romero (10 November 1964 – 16 July 2021) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX and LXI Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Hidalgo.

References

1964 births
2021 deaths
Politicians from Pachuca, Hidalgo
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
Deputies of the LXI Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Hidalgo (state)


title: Shadscale scrub

text:
Shadscale scrub is a plant community and vegetation type that occurs in upper elevations of the Mojave Desert and lower elevations of the Great Basin ecoregion or biome, characterized by salt tolerant plants—halophytes.

It is located at higher elevations than the saltbush scrub plant community, but shares some of its plant species.

Flora
The shadscale scrub vegetation type commonly includes:
hop-sage (Grayia spinosa)
winter fat (Krascheninnikovia lanata).

Shared members with higher elevation saltbush scrub include:
goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) members
four-wing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens
shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia)
cattle spinach, or all-scale (Atriplex polycarpa).

Other species can include:
Calochortus excavatus — Inyo County star tulip.

See also
Saltbush scrub plant community

References

.
.
Plant communities of California
Halophytes


title: Clepsis banhadana

text:
Clepsis banhadana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Paraná, Brazil.

References

Moths described in 2003
Clepsis


title: Clepsis browni

text:
Clepsis browni is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador.

References

Moths described in 2004
Clepsis


title: Clepsis brunneograpta

text:
Clepsis brunneograpta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador.

References

Moths described in 2004
Clepsis


title: Clepsis brusquea

text:
Clepsis brusquea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

References

Moths described in 2003
Clepsis


title: Martín Vidaña Pérez

text:
Martín Remigio Vidaña Pérez (born 21 November 1962) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Veracruz.

References

1962 births
Living people
Politicians from Veracruz
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Deputies of the LIX Legislature of Mexico
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) for Veracruz


title: Josias du Pré Alexander

text:
Josias Du Pré Alexander (1771 – 20 August 1839) was an Irish-born officer of the British East India Company who sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in two periods between 1820 and 1832.

Born in County Londonderry, Alexander joined the East India Company in 1796, and later became  a private merchant in Calcutta.  His time in India gained him huge wealth.

He returned to the United Kingdom in 1818, and bought an estate in Hampshire. In 1820, he and his brother James jointly purchased the rotten borough of Old Sarum from their cousin Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, and returned himself to Parliament that year. With support of the Chancellor Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley, he was elected as a director of the East India Company, a post he held until 1838.

References

1771 births
1839 deaths
People from County Londonderry
Directors of the British East India Company
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Old Sarum
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832


title: Community of İskenderpaşa

text:
İskenderpaşa Jamia or The Community of İskenderpaşa () is a branch of Naqshbandiyya-Khalidiyya Ṭarīqah (Sufi Order) in Turkey.

History
The Jamia of İskenderpaşa was first established by Mehmed Zahid Kotku (1897–1980) when he was appointed as the imam of İskender Pasha Mosque in Fatih district of Istanbul, which was constructed by the Grand Vizier Skender Pasha of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II (reigned 1481–1512). The leader of the jamia after Kotku's death was Mahmud Esad Coşan. Then, Coşan's son Muharrem Nureddin Coşan became the leader of this jamia.

Notable members
This community has many prominent members, including current Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Former Prime Ministers of Turkey
Necmettin Erbakan, Turgut Özal, Yıldırım Akbulut, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Other politicians
Numan Kurtulmuş, Celal Adan, Korkut Özal, Hasan Celal Güzel, Fahrettin Koca, Ahmet Özal, and Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu.

References

Religious organizations based in Turkey
Naqshbandi order
Fatih


title: Des Ball

text:
Desmond John Ball  (20 May 1947 – 12 October 2016) was an Australian academic and expert on defence and security. He was credited with successfully advising the United States against nuclear escalation in the 1970s.

Background
Des Ball attended the Australian National University in 1965, shifting from being a promising student in economics to security studies. He completed a PhD supervised by Hedley Bull, on the global nuclear strategies of the United States and the Soviet Union. He was based for several months in the USA at the Institute of War and Peace. He joined ANU as a lecturer in 1974, becoming head of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre in the ANU College of Asia and the Pacific from 1984 to 1991, and Special Professor in the centre in 1987.

Ball was an opponent of the draft for the Vietnam War in Australia (although not the war itself, at the time), and was arrested for protesting against it. He won an appeal in the Supreme Court against his conviction. From 1966 he was a "person of interest" for ASIO, particularly following his inquiries into the Pine Gap secret tracking facility and Nurrungar in Australia from 1969, and was taken to court after the publication of A Suitable Piece of Real Estate in 1980. He held ASIO in disdain, for its inability to recognise aspects of defence co-operation with the US infringed Australian national interests by remaining entirely secret.

Ball was diagnosed with incurable cancer and died on 12 October 2016 at the age of 69. Despite his illness, he continued writing and working until his death.

Contributions
Ball was a political realist, and a believer in liberal institutions and solid defence strategies. He used an inductive, investigative approach to security studies.

During the Cold War, Ball was invited to critique US nuclear defence plans—his analysis persuading the US that its plan to destroy selected Soviet targets in a limited strike would not work in practice and would lead to all-out nuclear escalation. His analysis has been acknowledged by President Jimmy Carter.

Ball worked on Australia's signal intelligence and exposed Australia's secret history of cracking diplomatic cables. In 1998 with David Horner he confirmed wartime Soviet spying in Australia revealed by the Petrov Affair, carried out by staff in Evatt's Foreign Affairs Department.

He studied, and was active in, some of Southeast Asia's "shadow wars". He was a supporter of Karen independence, having discovered the extent of Burmese Army human rights abuses, and advised the Karen National Liberation Army along the Thai/Myanmar border on successful guerrilla warfare from the early-2000s. He made over 85 research trips to the region.

He worked with the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, and believed the biggest threat in the early 21st century would be the potential for conflict escalation in north-east Asia.

Awards

 Peter Baume Award, ANU (2013)
 Officer of the Order of Australia (2014)
 Festschrift volume, Brendan Taylor, Nicholas Farrelly and Sheryn Lee (eds.) 2012. Insurgent Intellectual: Essays in Honour of Professor Desmond Ball. Institute of South East Asian Studies. Including a contribution by Jimmy Carter.
 Ball Strategic Endowment ($AU 1.5m) established in 2013 for ANU research scholarship into Australian and Asian strategic studies and defence.
Co-chairman of the Steering Committee of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific (CSCAP) (2000–2002).
Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (1986).

See also
Mass surveillance in Australia

References

1947 births
2016 deaths
Australian National University alumni
Academic staff of the Australian National University
Fellows of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
Historians of espionage


title: Coryton railway station (Essex)

text:
Coryton railway  station served the village of Kynochtown (later Coryton) and the Coryton Refinery in Essex, England, between 1901 and 1952.

History
The station opened on 22 June 1901. Its original name was Kynochtown after the workers' village nearby. The original station had a wooden platform 100 ft long, with a building housing male and female toilets and a waiting shelter, also made of wood. It was lit by large oil lamps. During the First World War, the station's platform was extended at both ends in wood. In around 1917, a further extension in brick was added. After the war ended, the Kynoch site was sold to Cory Brothers of Cardiff and the station was subsequently renamed Coryton, along with the village. By this time, it was realised that the station (indeed the whole railway) would never be so busy again, so the wooden platform was demolished, leaving just the brick extension, with a ramp made from old sleepers added at its left end. The station building was resited at ground level a short distance away. The brick platform itself had one metal seat, but no other facilities. There were a number of sidings at the station, which became overgrown in later years.

Closure
The station closed when passenger services on the line ended in 1952. In the years immediately afterwards, the wooden building was demolished and the station became heavily  infested with weeds. In 1986, the station was repaired by Mobil.

References

Disused railway stations in Essex
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1901
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1952


title: Magic Mountain (Black Stone Cherry album)

text:
Magic Mountain is the fourth studio album by American rock band Black Stone Cherry. The album was released on May 6, 2014. It was the band's last release with Roadrunner Records before their departure from the label and signing with Mascot Records a year later.

Reception
The album holds a Metacritic rating of 76 out of 100 based on four reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."

The album debuted at No.22 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 13,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release. The album has sold 41,000 copies in the United States as of March 2016.
It debuted in the United Kingdom at No. 5.

Track listing

Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, NYC

Charts

References

2014 albums
Black Stone Cherry albums
Roadrunner Records albums


title: Millbrook Winery

text:
Millbrook Winery is an Australian winery at Jarrahdale, in the Perth Hills wine region of Western Australia.  The winery was established in 1996 on the site of Chestnut Farm, a former orchard.  Its founders and owners are Peter and Lee Fogarty, who also own several other wineries.

See also

 Australian wine
 List of wineries in Western Australia
 Western Australian wine

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
Millbrook Winery – official site

Companies established in 1996
Wineries in Western Australia
1996 establishments in Australia


title: Melasti

text:
Melasti is a Hindu Balinese purification ceremony and ritual, which according to Balinese calendar is held several days prior to the Nyepi holy day. It is observed by Hindus in Indonesia, especially in Bali. Melasti was meant as the ritual to cleanse the world from all the filth of sin and bad karma, through the symbolic act of acquiring the Tirta Amerta, "the water of life".

Melasti ceremony is held on the edge of the beach with the aim to purify oneself of all the bad things in the past and throw it to the ocean.
In Hindu belief, the source of water such as lake and sea water, are considered as the source of life(Tirta Amrita). In addition to performing prayers, during Melasti ceremony, all of sacred objects which belongs to a temple, such as pralingga or pratima of Lord Ida Sanghyang Widi Wasa, and all of sacred equipments, are being cleaned and purified.

References

Ceremonies in Indonesia


title: Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem

text:
Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem (published in the United States as The Trial of Elizabeth Cree) is a 1994 novel by the English author Peter Ackroyd. It is a murder mystery framed within a story featuring real historical characters, and set in a recreation of Victorian London.

Plot summary
As Elizabeth Cree sits every day in a courtroom, on trial for the murder of her husband, the story moves from courthouse to music hall to the back alleys of Limehouse, a notorious district of Victorian London, teeming with the poorest of the poor, the most violent of criminals and helpless preyed-upon immigrants, following the trail of slaughter laid by the Golem, an almost mythical predecessor of Jack the Ripper. Fact and fiction blend as Dan Leno, king of the music-hall comedians, is dragged unwittingly into the investigation of some of London's most notorious murders. Karl Marx and George Gissing are connected to the same crimes.

Reception
A review in The Independent on Sunday declared that "Ackroyd has pulled off the greatest coup of all, a foursquare crime novel as aesthetically pleasing as it is morally shocking". A review in The Observer called the novel "a flawlessly good read".

Adaptations
In 2015, it was announced that The Limehouse Golem, a film adaptation based on the book was planned, starring Olivia Cooke, Bill Nighy and Douglas Booth, with a script written by Jane Goldman, to be directed by Juan Carlos Medina. The film was released in September 2017.

The opera Elizabeth Cree by Kevin Puts and Mark Campbell, based on the novel, was given its world premiere by Opera Philadelphia in September 2017.

See also
 Golem, a creature of Jewish legend

References

1994 British novels
English novels
British mystery novels
Golem
Novels set in London
Novels by Peter Ackroyd
British novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into operas
Sinclair-Stevenson books


The 1993–94 Macedonian Second Football League was the second season since its establishment. It began in August 1993 and ended in June 1994.

East

Participating teams

League standing

West

Participating teams

League standing

See also
1993–94 Macedonian Football Cup
1993–94 Macedonian First Football League

References

External links
Macedonia - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Football Federation of Macedonia
MacedonianFootball.com

Macedonia 2
2
Macedonian Second Football League seasons


title: List of moths of Chile (Saturniidae)

text:
This is a list of the moths of family Saturniidae which are found in Chile. It also acts as an index to the species articles and forms part of the full List of moths of Chile. Subfamilies are listed alphabetically.

Subfamily Cercophaninae
Cercophana frauenfeldi Felder, 1862
Cercophana venusta (Walker, 1856)
Microdulia mirabilis (Rotschild, 1895)
Neocercophana philippi Izquierdo, 1895

Subfamily Hemileucinae

Tribe Hemileucini
Adetomeris erythrops (Blanchard, 1852)
Adetomeris microphthalma (Izquierdo, 1895)
Cinommata bistrigata Butler, 1882
Ormiscodes amphinome (Fabricius, 1775)
Ormiscodes cognata Philippi, 1860
Ormiscodes nigrosignata Philippi, 1860
Ormiscodes penai Lemaire & Parra, 1995
Ormiscodes rufosignata (Blanchard, 1852)
Ormiscodes socialis socialis (Feisthamel, 1839)
Ormiscodes socialis grisea Ureta, 1957
Ormiscodes joiceyi (Draudt, 1930)

Tribe Polythysanini
Polythysana cinerascens Phillipi, 1860
Polythysana rubrescens Blanchard, 1852

External links

Macrolepidópteros Heteróceros de Chile y de sus áreas adyacentes

Saturniidae


title: Ambon bay festival

text:
Ambon Bay Festival () is an annual event held at Ambon Bay and across West Seram Regency, Maluku, Indonesia at the end of September. The festival aims to promote national and international tourism to the Maluku Islands. It has been held since 2006.

References

Ambon, Maluku
Tourist attractions in Indonesia
Festivals in Indonesia


title: Stade Municipal (Lomé)

text:
Stade Municipal is a multi-use stadium in Lomé, Togo.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.

External links

Photos at cafe.daum.net/stade

Municipal


title: Magic Circle Festival

text:
Magic Circle Festival is an annual heavy metal festival organized by Magic Circle Music and founded by Joey DeMaio of the band Manowar. The festival was first held on 6 and 7 July 2007 in Bad Arolsen, Germany. The success of the 2007 festival, headlined by Manowar and attended by 25,000 people, led to an expanded festival in 2008, held over four days from 9 to 12 July. The lineup for the 2008 festival comprised a number of international acts, including Alice Cooper, Whitesnake, W.A.S.P. and Def Leppard. However, organisational and contractual difficulties led to the cancellation of Whitesnake and Def Leppard. In 2009, the festival was scaled back to two days and held in Lorelei on 18 and 19 July. The fourth Magic Circle Festival took place in Metalcamp in Slovenia at 11 July 2010, and on 25 July 2014 the fifth and currently latest Magic Circle Festival was held in Helsinki.

Lineups

2007
 Black Situation
 David Shankle Group
 Gamma Ray
 Heavenly
 HolyHell
 Imperia
 Lion's Share
 Manowar
 Messiah's Kiss
 Mob Rules
 Mordeen
 Saidian
 Sixth Sense
 Stormwarrior

2008
 Alice Cooper
 Beloved Enemy
 Benedictum
 Brazen Abbot (with Joe Lynn Turner)
 Cassock (winner of the Battle of the bands contest)
 Def Leppard (canceled due to "contractual difficulties")
 Doro
 Gotthard
 HolyHell
 Jack Starr's Burning Starr
 KOBUS!
 Krypteria
 Majesty/Metal Force
 Manowar
 Michael Schenker Group
 Mob Rules
 Sixth Sense
 Stormwarrior
 Ted Nugent
 Titanium Black
 W.A.S.P.
 Whitesnake (canceled due to "contractual difficulties")

2009
 Age of Evil
 Crystal Viper
 Domain
 Heatseeker (side stage)
 HolyHell
 Jack Starr's Burning Starr
 Kingdom Come
 Manowar
 Metal Force
 Ulytau
 Van Canto
 Wizard

2010
Arch Enemy
Crosswind
HolyHell
Kamelot
Manowar
Metalforce
Virgin Steele
Who Was I
Sabaton

2014
Hostile
Imperia (with Netta Dahlberg on lead vocals)
Manowar
Teräsbetoni

DVD
A 2 disc DVD package of the 2007 event was released in October 2007. It was produced by Manowar bassist Joey DeMaio and directed by  Neil Johnson.

The DVD was also included as a free gift for a limited time to anyone who bought tickets for Magic Circle Festival 2008.

A DVD covering the 2008 festival was released in September 2008.

References

 Magic Circle Music news
 Magic Circle Festival news
 Hungarian Unofficial site of The Magic Circle Festival

Music festivals established in 2007
Heavy metal festivals in Germany
Rock festivals in Slovenia
Rock festivals in Finland


title: 3-subset meet-in-the-middle attack

text:
The 3-subset meet-in-the-middle (hereafter shortened MITM) attack is a variant of the generic meet-in-the-middle attack, which is used in cryptology for hash and block cipher cryptanalysis. The 3-subset variant opens up the possibility to apply MITM attacks on ciphers, where it is not trivial to divide the keybits into two independent key-spaces, as required by the MITM attack.

The 3-subset variant relaxes the restriction for the key-spaces to be independent, by moving the intersecting parts of the keyspaces into a subset, which contains the keybits common between the two key-spaces.

History
The original MITM attack was first suggested in an article by Diffie and Hellman in 1977, where they discussed the cryptanalytic properties of DES. They argued that the keysize of DES was too small, and that reapplying DES multiple times with different keys could be a solution to the key-size; however, they advised against using double-DES and suggested triple-DES as a minimum, due to MITM attacks (Double-DES is very susceptible to a MITM attack, as DES could easily be split into two subciphers (the first and second DES encryption) with keys independent of one another, thus allowing for a basic MITM attack that reduces the computational complexity from  to .

Many variations has emerged, since Diffie and Hellman suggested MITM attacks. These variations either makes MITM attacks more effective, or allows them to be used in situations, where the basic variant cannot. The 3-subset variant was shown by Bogdanov and Rechberger in 2011, and has shown its use in cryptanalysis of ciphers, such as the lightweight block-cipher family KTANTAN.

Procedure
As with general MITM attacks, the attack is split into two phases: A key-reducing phase and a key-verification phase. In the first phase, the domain of key-candidates is reduced, by applying the MITM attack. In the second phase, the found key-candidates are tested on another plain-/ciphertext pair to filter away the wrong key(s).

Key-reducing phase
In the key-reducing phase, the attacked cipher is split into two subciphers,  and , with each their independent keybits, as is normal with MITM attacks. Instead of having to conform to the limitation that the keybits of the two subciphers should be independent, the 3-subset attack allows for splitting the cipher into two subciphers, where some of the bits are allowed to be used in both of the subciphers.

This is done by splitting the key into three subsets instead, namely:
  = the keybits the two subciphers have in common.
  = the keybits distinct to the first subcipher,
  = the keybits distinct to the second subcipher,

To now carry out the MITM attack, the 3 subsets are bruteforced individually, according to the procedure below:
 For each guess of :
 Calculate the intermediate value  from the plaintext, for all key-bit combinations in
 Calculate the intermediate value , for all key-bit combinations in
 Compare  and . When there is a match. Store it is a key-candidate.

Key-testing phase
Each key-candidate found in the key-reducing phase, is now tested with another plain-/ciphertext pair. This is done simply by seeing if the encryption of the plaintext, P, yields the known ciphertext, C. Usually only a few other pairs are needed here, which makes the 3-subset MITM attack, have a very little data complexity.

Example
The following example is based on the attack done by Rechberger and Bogdanov on the KTANTAN cipher-family. The naming-conventions used in their paper is also used for this example. The attack reduces the computational complexity of KTANTAN32 to , down from  if compared with a bruteforce attack. A computational complexity of  is of 2014 still not practical to break, and the attack is thus not computationally feasible as of now. The same goes for KTANTAN48 and KTANTAN64, which complexities can be seen at the end of the example.

The attack is possible, due to weaknesses exploited in KTANTAN's bit-wise key-schedule. It is applicable to both KTANTAN32, KTANTAN48 and KTANTAN64, since all the variations uses the same key-schedule. It is not applicable to the related KANTAN family of block-ciphers, due to the variations in the key-schedule between KTANTAN and KANTAN.

Overview of KTANTAN
KTANTAN is a lightweight block-cipher, meant for constrained platforms such as RFID tags, where a cryptographic primitive such as AES, would be either impossible (given the hardware) or too expensive to implement. It was invented by Canniere, Dunkelman and Knezevic in 2009. It takes a block size of either 32, 48 or 64 bits, and encrypts it using an 80-bit key over 254 rounds. Each round utilizes two bits of the key (selected by the key schedule) as round key.

Attack

Preparation
In preparation to the attack, weaknesses in the key schedule of KTANTAN that allows the 3-subset MITM attack was identified.
Since only two key-bits are used each round, the diffusion of the key per round is small - the safety lies in the number of rounds. Due to this structure of the key-schedule, it was possible to find a large number of consecutive rounds, which never utilized certain key-bits.

More precisely, the authors of the attack found that:
 Round 1 to 111 never uses the key-bits:
 Round 131 to 254 never uses the key-bits:

This characteristics of the key-schedule is used for staging the 3-subset MITM attack, as we now are able to split the cipher into two blocks with independent key-bits. The parameters for the attack are thus:
  = the keybits used by both blocks (which means the rest 68 bits not mentioned above)
  = the keybits used only by the first block (defined by round 1-111)
  = the keybits used only by the second block (defined by round 131-254)

Key-reducing phase
One may notice a problem with step 1.3 in the key-reducing phase. It is not possible to directly compare the values of  and , as  is calculated at the end of round 111, and  is calculated at the start of round 131. This is mitigated by another MITM technique called partial-matching. The authors found by calculating forwards from the intermediate value , and backwards from the intermediate value  that at round 127, 8 bits was still unchanged in both  and  with a probability one. They thus only compared part of the state, by comparing those 8 bits (It was 8 bits at round 127 for KTANTAN32. It was 10 bits at round 123 and 47 bits at round 131 for KTANTAN48 and KTANTAN64, respectively). Doing this yields more false positives, but nothing that increases the complexity of the attack noticeably.

Key-testing phase
KTANTAN32 requires on average 2 pairs now to find the key-candidate, due to the false positives from only matching on part of the state of the intermediate values. KTANTAN48 and KTANTAN64 on average still only requires one plain-/ciphertext pair to test and find the correct key-candidates.

Results
For:
 KTANTAN32, the computational complexity of the above attack is , compared to  with an exhaustive key search. The data complexity is 3 plain-/ciphertext pairs.
 KTANTAN48, the computational complexity is  and 2 plain-/ciphertext pairs are needed.
 KTANTAN64 it is  and 2 plain-/ciphertext pairs are needed.
The results are taken from the article by Rechberger and Bogdanov.

This is not the best attack on KTANTAN anymore. The best attack as of 2011 is contributed to Wei, Rechberger, Guo, Wu, Wang and Ling which improved upon the MITM attack on the KTANTAN family. They arrived at a computational complexity of  with 4 chosen plain-/ciphertext pairs using indirect partial-matching and splice & cut MITM techniques.

Notes

Computer network security
Cryptographic attacks


title: Vasco Varão

text:
Vasco Filipe Pinto Quintino Varão (born 29 July 1981 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Footballers from Lisbon
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
Atlético Clube de Portugal players
C.D. Olivais e Moscavide players
Odivelas F.C. players
C.D. Fátima players
Vitória F.C. players
S.C. Covilhã players
C.D. Mafra players
S.U. Sintrense players
Casa Pia A.C. players
Portugal men's youth international footballers


title: Chamazi Stadium

text:
The Chamazi Stadium officially known as the Azam Complex Stadium (Kiwanja cha Michezo cha Chamazi, in Swahili)  is a multi-use stadium in Chamazi ward of Temeke MC in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Azam FC.  The stadium holds 10,000 people.

The ground has been recognized by the African football federation and it can used to play the international matches.This season the stadium has been the only stadium in Tanzania which met CAF standards, all international matches involving Tanzania clubs are played in this stadium.Also some teams from around east africa have been using this stadium as their home ground.Dar es salaam Young Africans have been having five star performances in this stadium to the extent some fans are proposing the stadium to be renamed Yanga complex.

External links
Photos at cafe.daum.net/stade
Chamazi Stadium, soccerway.com

Sport in Dar es Salaam
Football venues in Tanzania
Buildings and structures in the Dar es Salaam Region
Azam F.C.


title: Sarah Gilman

text:
Sarah Baldwin Gilman  (born January 18, 1996) is an American actress, known for her role as Delia in the Disney Channel series I Didn't Do It.

Life and career
Was born on January 18, 1996, and resides in Los Angeles. Her first acting jobs were in theatre. She played main roles in musicals like Narnia, You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown and Alice. In 2011, she made her film debut in the short movie Hold for Laughs. She played the lead role as Margaret, a 13-year-old girl who is bullied at a Catholic school. She later guest starred in the TV series Up All Night and Marvin Marvin. Since 2012 she has had a recurring role as Cammy, Eve's best friend in the sitcom Last Man Standing. On June 18, 2013, it was announced that Gilman would play a main role as Delia Delfano in the Disney Channel sitcom I Didn't Do It. The show ended on October 16, 2015.

Gilman graduated with honors from Flintridge Preparatory School where she also achieved the Advanced Placement Scholar designation. She is athletic and played in a variety of school sports teams including volleyball, water polo, basketball, softball and soccer. She was the only girl in school history to complete the intense training required to play on the Boys Junior Varsity Football team. On June 1, 2014, she graduated from high school.  Gilman began attending the University of Southern California in the fall of 2014, studying film production, screenwriting, and theatre. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 2019.

Filmography

References

1996 births
Actresses from Los Angeles
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
21st-century American actresses
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni

External links