title: The Featherz

text:
The Featherz (formerly The Feathers) are a Welsh and English band with glam and punk influences (self-styled as "Flock Rock") led by Danie Centric (known as Danie Cox prior to January 2018, born 15 December 1990 in Bridgend) on lead vocals and guitar.  Centric formed the band with two fellow former members of Poussez Posse (aka Georgie Girl And Her Poussez Posse), a band fronted by Georgina Baillie and mentored by Adam Ant. After leaving Baillie and Ant to form their own group, they received press coverage in the Ipswich Star, Wales On Sunday, Basingstoke Gazette, website Louder Than War and rock magazine Vive Le Rock who included their track "RNR★" on the free CD with the January/February 2014 edition (issue 16).  They also completed a UK national tour supporting Boy George, in three of whose videos Centric appeared and subsequently toured with The Damned.

Since May 2014, Centric/Cox is the last remaining founder member. Currently the only other permanent member is longtime drummer Dazzle Monroe (formerly of Extreme Noise Terror, born 7 February 1966 in Ipswich). Together, Centric and Monroe have continued to record and play live under the Featherz bandname either as a duo or else with guest lead guitarists/bassists.  Since early 2019 the band has been mostly on hold while Centric focuses on her side project, all-female Slade tribute band Slady (styled SLADY).

History

2011–2014 - Formation
Centric, then known as Cox, arrived in London in October 2010 to pursue a career as a professional musician. In January 2011, she was recruited to Georgie Girl And Her Poussez Posse as guitarist and backing vocalist. The band also included Baillie,  Molly Spiers-MacLeod (the daughter of Spizz) on bass and backing vocals, drummer Rachael Smith and additional guitarist Fiona Bevan. This lineup supported Ant on several tour dates in early 2011 and recorded tracks for a planned single plus EP.  Footage from early 2011 of a Poussez Posse band meeting at Ant's home is included in The Blueblack Hussar, a documentary about Ant directed by Jack Bond. Unhappy with the general direction of the band and Ant's style of mentoring, Cox, Spiers-MacLeod and Smith all left the group (to be replaced by a new lineup, still fronted by Baillie and including future Curse of Lono bassist Charis Anderson, which continued to support Ant on tour until the end of 2012.)  The trio formed their own band The Feathers, making their debut guerilla gig appearance at the Occupy London camp outside St Paul's Cathedral on 23 October 2011.

The band's track "Life Stranger" reached the quarter-finals of the YouBloom online talent contest and was released on the compilation Hipsters 3.  Cox and Spiers-MacLeod also performed an acoustic set on Garry Bushell's Rancid Sounds radio show on TotalRock in April 2012. Two years later in April 2014, they performed a second acoustic set for Bushell's show - by now transferred to online literary community Litopia's podcast section. At around the time of the first session, Smith left the group to be replaced by Alex Gold, also of The Boys.  Gold in turn would be replaced by Monroe in January 2013.

In April 2013, Cox befriended Boy George after they met at the launch party of an exhibition of stage costumes of their mutual hero David Bowie at the Victoria and Albert Museum at which George was a guest speaker. Impressed with the appearance and demeanour of the glammed-up Cox, George invited her to show herself on stage. Subsequently, Cox appeared in three videos for singles by George: "I'm Coming Home" (also featuring a cameo by Monroe), "King of Everything" and "My God" directed by Dean Stockings. The band also supported George on his November 2013 solo UK tour to promote his album This Is What I Do.

In early 2013, the band undertook a photo session for fashion designer Mark Charles and his Charles of London fashion label. From then until mid 2016, all band members regularly wore Charles' designs as stagewear (as Cox did frequently for some time thereafter, resuming the practice with her Slady bandmates in 2019.) Charles also released the band's debut single "RNR★" on his Charles Of London Records label.  The A-side was later included on the compilation CD Teenage Rampage, cover-mounted on issue 16 of Vive Le Rock magazine.  The magazine's track guide described Cox as a "rising star" and the band as "injected with glam rock attitude" which "will give you glitter-covered goose bumps and get your feet stomping."  The single also received airplay on BBC Radio Wales and Radio Caroline.

The Ipswich Star gave a headline preview to the band's 25 January 2014 gig at the Steamboat Tavern in Monroe's native Ipswich, alongside a photo of the band, noting how "The London trio, fresh from  Boy George on his recent UK tour, led by Danie Cox, are getting rave reviews for their brand of punk-pop." Wales On Sunday extensively interviewed Cox in the 9 February 2014 edition about the band, their associations with Ant, Baillie, George and Charles, and her life in general. Commenting on Cox and her band, the newspaper noted "With her electrifying red hair, extravagant make-up and outrageous dress sense, 23-year-old Danie Cox and her band The Featherz look every inch pop stars."

2014–2016 - Alice Atkinson era
Spiers-MacLeod left the band in May 2014 and Alice Atkinson was announced as replacement bass player in early June.  She made her debut on 28 June 2014 at the 100 Club alongside new additional guitarist Lily Marlene  (the daughter of Bond's partner and credited on The Blueblack Hussar as Assistant to the Director). The gig also marked Cox's return to the stage following a severe knee injury days after Spiers McLeod's departure. Due to Marlene's commitments outside the band, she left amicably and an ongoing vacancy for additional guitarist existed for 14 months until Daniel Jones' spell with the band.

In the meantime Cox, Atkinson and Monroe continued to gig in the three-piece format, occasionally joined by various guest guitarists, including David Donley, his student Zoe Keeling, Vera Wild of the band Jelly and Polly Hedges of the band Seek Destroy. In late 2014, they recorded fresh material at Broadoak Studios, Sussex with producer/guitarist Kevin Armstrong.  Their 14 February 2015 headline gig at the Irish Centre in Basingstoke received praise from the Basingstoke Gazette "The headline band were The Featherz ... who continued the general theme of girls showing just how well they can rock it up ... Not quite as heavy as (second on the bill act) Petrol Girls, they still had a real fast punky set. They had also picked up a posse of new followers who were now ready to worship every bead and every bit of glitter - as well as dance along to their songs."

The band also played the Pavilion Stage of the 2015 Rebellion Festival. Their set received an enthusiastic review from Martin Haslam of Louder Than War: "Bringing their brand of self-styled ‘Flock Rock’ to the masses, I'm pleased that the venue is filling up. Glam anthems (Glamthems?) get the crowd onside, ‘When Was The Last Time You Had Sex?’ and other ear worms. I’ve seen them before, but this line up has added Alice Atkinson, which is a very good thing; the three-piece with Danie Cox and Dazzle Monroe are now tighter and born to entertain. Championed by Boy George and dressed by Charles Of London, they deserve your attention. Now!" The band appeared again at the 2017 and 2018 festivals, both times on the Opera House stage. Cox returned to the festival in 2023 on the Empress Ballroom main stage with Slady.

A second single for Charles Of London Records, "You" was released from the sessions with Armstrong on download in early September 2015 followed by a CD release two months later.  A video was filmed back in April 2015 in Brighton, directed by Stockings. Interviewed by Haslam at Rebellion for Louder Than War, Cox announced that the band's next release would be their debut album.  Cox also commented on her philosophy as a performer and bandleader: "I'd always had a dream, to write my own songs, to express myself through my clothes and how I present myself. Luckily, I found that in The Featherz, in London ... We are The Featherz, there is nothing else for me. I'd rather die than give up. Our songs are statements. It really is all I can do"

Around the time of the single's download release, the additional guitarist role was briefly filled when Jones joined. He left amicably three months later due to musical differences, shortly before the band played three high profile support slots in Sheffield, Liverpool and London, for The Damned.  Following the death of her hero David Bowie in January 2016, Cox was filmed by Italian television show Studio Aperto performing Bowie's songs at his shrine at the Heddon Street telephone box while the Featherz performed at a Bowie memorial concert at the Union Chapel, Islington with Mick Ronson's sister Maggi guesting with the band on vocals for "Ziggy Stardust" Cox and Mike Garson's biographer Clifford Slapper also performed a vocal/piano version of "We Are the Dead".

Also in early 2016 the band, plus Donley again on additional guitar, recorded new material at Quadra Studios in Walthamstow with producer John "Lucifer" Pridige.  A new additional guitarist, Chris Shepherd, joined the band in April.  In June a video, featuring the new lineup, was filmed in Southend for Atkinson composition Forget All You Know. In early September, the video was posted to YouTube and this track and a cover of Moonage Daydream (featuring Slapper on piano), both from the Quadra session, were uploaded to the group's Bandcamp account and iTunes store.  Prior to this, a trailer video featuring a clip from a third track from Quadra, a cover of "The Ballroom Blitz" had been posted to YouTube.  Cox and Slapper recorded another version of Moonage Daydream for the latter's planned album Bowiesongs 2, while Cox also collaborated with The Lurkers on their track High Velocity, which was released as a single 24 November 2017.  Louder Than War'''s Ged Babey praised Cox's contribution: "Dani (sic) has a likeable Honey Bane meets Beki Bondage singing style and is perfect on the song." The track received airplay on Steve Lamacq's show on BBC Radio 6music and Cox recorded further material with the Lurkers in December 2017, February 2018 and May 2018.

2016–2018 - Five-Year-Itch, Ordinary Girl? EP
Atkinson and Shepherd left the band in late 2016.  Guitarist Holly Henderson of the band Dorja and bassist Jenny Lane of the band Planet Of The Capes, both of whom previously deputised in these roles in The Featherz, served as temporary live members until the arrival of permanent replacements, Swedish bassist Gerda Lucy Rankka aka Lucy Lawbreaker and Italian additional guitarist Aryanne Maudit.  In the meantime, the band produced new music videos of the tracks Chelsea, Takes One To Know One and Moonage Daydream and recorded further material in Quadra Studios with Pridige and Faebhean Kwest.

Appearing on internet radio station K2K Radio's show Flipside London Radio hosted by Aidan McManus, on 28 March 2017, Cox confirmed that the band's imminent debut album was entitled Five-Year-Itch and would be 17 tracks long.  The album was released on 13 April 2017 and was compiled by Pridige (who also funded the release) from content from various sessions since 2012 (hence the album title) including material from his own sessions with the band at Quadra Studios as well as the Broadoak Studios sessions with Armstrong, both sides of the RNR★ single recorded in 2013 and the band's earliest attempt at making an album at Perry Vale Studios in 2012, as well as Pridige's own live recordings of the band. Vive Le Rocks Alison Bateman rated the album 7/10.  Although lukewarm about the choices of covers included, she nevertheless enthused, "(The band) have already built a buzz with their energetic live shows, centred on flame-haired attitude-oozing young frontwoman Danie Cox.  Their cheeky punked-up glitter rock risks being a tough act to translate to the studio, but Five-Year-Itch mostly manages with charismatic flair... They're neither short on musical chops, nor shy of buckling down to serious business of writing infuriatingly immovable hooks."

The band's next single, Ordinary Girl? recorded late 2016 at Quadra with Atkinson and Shepherd (shortly before their departures) and produced by Pridige, was released on Bandcamp on 1 May 2017.  The single cover featured Cox's friend, the late Imogen Goldie whose mother Diane had previously designed and provided the costumes worn by the band in the Forget All You Know video and again in the video for this single, in which she herself appeared. In September, the band announced their intention to recruit a keyboard player. Successful applicant Catherine Robertson from Wales made her debut with the band on 26 October at the O2 Islington when they supported Penetration (whose song Don't Dictate previously appeared on Five-Year-Itch.) In late November Maudit left and was replaced by Lawbreaker's partner and fellow Swede John Jönsson, who had already substituted for Maudit at two of the four dates of the band's November 2017 UK tour.

The CD edition of Ordinary Girl? was released on 3 January 2018, also including the last remaining tracks from the first Quadra studios session from early 2016. Ged Babey, reviewing the EP for Louder Than War, was suitably impressed, describing the band as "brash, flash, glam, blam-blam wiggy, Ziggy, rockin rollin’, into Bolan…  just a great old-skool party band," the lead track as having "the feel of a fab 1979 Noo Wave single -sprinkled with glitter and all over Radio Wun - not arf!" with "that staccato Lene Lovich feel that Hazel O'Connor nicked and lovely thick slices of guitar,"  the video as "beautifully lo-fi and am-dram and captures a band who take their music but not themselves too seriously," and the cover image of Imogen Goldie cover as "proving if nothing else that behind the glitter there are some tears and there is more ‘depth’ to the band than there might initially seem."

The band recorded a session in January 2018 with Centric (as Cox was now known) self-producing. Around this time it was announced that Centric was now permanent vocalist for The Lurkers, while also continuing with The Featherz. In February 2018 Maudit returned to the band after only three months away, to form a new six piece lineup, with Centric no longer playing guitar.  Further work on the January recording was carried out in mid March; shortly afterwards however, Maudit, Lawbreaker, Jönsson and Robertson all left.  In April, with Pridige once again producing, Centric and Monroe recorded another session, with lead guitarist Calle Englemarc of The Members and, together with Lane on bass, they filmed an official live video at the Dublin Castle Bassist Emily Condon (of Southend band The Fleas) joined the band in July, making her debut in August at the Rebellion Festival, but was fired in September after pulling out of several gigs, the last of which, in Ipswich, went ahead regardless as a duo performance, which has since remained the band format.  Centric, Monroe and Pridige also recorded yet further tracks at QRS Studios at the end of 2018.

2019-present - Side projects, second album
Centric's second single with The Lurkers, Electrical Guitar, came out in January 2019 and topped the UK Vinyl Singles chart.  Parent album Sex Crazy was released in October 2020 featuring the two A-sides recorded with Centric  (although "This Is Your Revolution" and other songs were rerecorded in 2019 without Centric for the release.) Interviewed for Vive Le Rock in 2020 to promote the album release, Centric's fellow Lurkers praised her contributions.  Esso recalled "I asked her to join us for a few tracks or whatever, and I'm glad she did. I think she sounds great, it gave us a bit of a lift - she's a great singer."  Moore concurred, "We were looking for a fresh feel at the time, so when she asked to meet Esso to talk about his book God's Lonely Men I suggested she ask her if she like [sic] to do some vocals, she agreed and made a great job of "High Velocity" and "Electrical Guitar." I can't imagine anyone else singing "High Velocity."

Early in 2019, Pridige mastered the Featherz' 2017-2018 Quadra Studios sessions to form a second album with the working title Flock On, however this was not released at the time as Centric was dissatisfied with the mix on one track.  The combination of intensive Slady-related activity (as detailed below) and disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic has left this project on hiatus as of .  However, both Centric and Pridige have expressed willingness to complete the album at some point in the future.

Centric also formed all-female Slade tribute band Slady, with drummer Fiona Dulake and bassist Wendy Solomon (aka Angel Melodyhorn - the partner of David Woodcock who has guested with the band), who made their debut in Southend in November 2018. They were later joined by guitarist Annie Needham and drummer Sophie Reed who replaced Dulake.  Respectively, Centric, Solomon, Reed and Needham adopted the aliases Gobby Holder, Jem Lea. Donna Powell and Davina Hill in the band. Since February 2019, this project has been Centric's main focus and they played at Slade's main fan convention in Wolverhampton in Octobers of 2019, 2021 and 2022. They were listed in Metro as one of three "Acts To Catch This Christmas" in their 'Going Out' section.

Slady's live set for 2021 featured a track-by-track performance of the hit album Slade Alive!.  Needham left Slady at the end of 2021, once all existing commitments were completed, to focus on her other band Sweet Giant (formerly Big Peyote). The search for Needham's replacement received press coverage in the Shropshire Star.  She was replaced by Dawn Firth-Godbehere as the new "Davina Hill" in early 2022. Shortly afterwards, Jessica Dann replaced Reed as "Donna Powell" on drums.  The band toured with The Rezillos in June and recorded a studio session in August 2022 for a first single, a cover of Slade's "Merry Xmas Everybody" and custom composition "Slade Are For Life Not Just For Xmas" (by Slade fan John Barker).  A video for the former was filmed in a Hoxton pub in October; the filming attracted coverage from the Hackney Post and Hackney Gazette. The CD and download single were released and the video was premiered on Youtube on 1 December followed by a video for the second track on 14 January 2023.

Monroe meanwhile contributed for some time to Slady as a concert photographer and as a graphic designer and on one occasion (an August 2019 support slot for John Rossall's disputed version of The Glitter Band at the Dublin Castle) as substitute drummer for Reed, once again on stage with Centric. In addition, he has occasionally played reunion gigs with his early Suffolk scene band, Rue De La Mort.

Personnel
The FeatherzCurrent members Danie Cox/Centric – vocals September 2011 – present, guitar September 2011 – February 2018 and April 2018 – present
 Dazzle Monroe – drums January 2013 – present
(Band dormant since early 2019)Former membersMolly Spiers-MacLeod – bass September 2011 – May 2014
Rachael Smith – drums September 2011 – April 2012
Alex Gold – drums May 2012 – December 2012
Lily Marlene – lead guitar April 2014 – August 2014
Alice Atkinson – bass June 2014 – December 2016
Daniel Jones – lead guitar October 2015 – November 2015
Chris Shepherd – lead guitar April 2016 – December 2016
Aryanne Maudit – lead guitar February 2017 – November 2017 and February 2018 – March 2018
Lucy Lawbreaker – bass February 2017 – March 2018
Catherine Robertson – keyboards, October 2017 – March 2018
John Jönsson – lead guitar December 2017 – January 2018, rhythm guitar February 2018 – March 2018
Emily Condon – bass July 2018 – September 2018TimelineSladyCurrent members Danie Cox/Centric – vocals and guitar as "Gobby Holder" November 2018 – present
 Wendy Solomon – bass as "Jem Lea" November 2018 - present
 Jessica Dann - drums as "Donna Powell" February 2022 - present
 Dawn Firth-Godbehere - lead guitar as "Davina Hill" February 2022 - presentFormer members Fiona Dulake – drums as "Donna Powell" November 2018 – April 2019
 Sophie Read - drums as "Donna Powell" May 2019 - January 2022
 Annie Needham - lead guitar as "Davina Hill" May 2019 - December 2021TimelineDiscography

The discography of The Featherz consists of one studio album (including some live material), one EP, four singles including the EP title track, nine music videos and one original appearance on another release.

A second studio album, recorded 2017-2018, remains unreleased.

Cox/Centric has also sung on two singles by The Lurkers and played guitar and sung on a single by Slady.

Album
Five-Year-Itch (Flockrock Records, FRO1, 2017 - CD album only)

 "Takes 1 2 Know 1"
 "RNR★"
 "When Was The Last Time You Had Sex?"
 "Dig Me"
 "Chelsea"
 "Bad Girl"
 "Party Crasher"
 "Forget All You Know"
 "Moonage Daydream"
 "Patience" (Live - Acoustic)
 "Ballroom Blitz"
 "Give Over Darling"
 "Cum On Feel The Noize"
 "Beat On The Brap" (Live)
 "Hopeless Summer" (Live)
 "Don't Dictate" (Live)

Singles/EP
 RNR★ (Charles Of London Records, COLRecords1, 2013, 7" vinyl only)
 "RNR★"
 "When Was The Last Time You Had Sex?"

 You (Charles Of London Records, COLR002, 2015, mp3s on Bandcamp plus CD single)
 "You"
 "Bad Girl"

 Forget All You Know (2016, mp3s on Bandcamp and iTunes. A CD single edition was planned, but did not materialize - instead the tracks were included on the Five-Year-Itch album.)
 "Forget All You Know"
 "Moonage Daydream"

 Ordinary Girl? EP (Flockrock Records, FRO2, 2017, Track 1 only mp3 single on Bandcamp and iTunes. 2018 CD EP of full release)

 "Ordinary Girl?"
 "Do You Wanna Feel Free?"
 "20th Century Boy"
 "When Was The Last Time You Had Sex?" (Live)
 "Ordinary Girl?" (original mix)
 "Bad Girl" (Live - Acoustic - bonus hidden track)

Compilations
 Hipsters 3 (Acid Jazz Records, AJX287, 2012, CD)
 "Life Stranger" (also released as standalone mp3 on iTunes. Reissued on Bandcamp 18 December 2014)
 Teenage Rampage (Vive Le Rock, VIVE016, 2013, CD)
 "RNR★"
Redrock Festival 2016: All Day Rock Fest - National and International Bands 2nd Oct 2016 (Redwire, RED002, 2016 CD)
 "Bad Girl"
The Punk Lounge Presents.. Songs From The Sofa Volume 1 (The Punk Lounge, download on Bandcamp, 2018)
"You"

Other projects by Danie Cox/Centric
The Lurkers
See also The Lurkers discography
High Velocity EP (Human Punk/Damaged Goods, DAMGOOD491-HP002, 2017, limited edition 500 copies on 7 inch pink vinyl)
 "High Velocity" (single A side - two non-Centric tracks on B side)
Electrical Guitar  (Human Punk/Damaged Goods, 2019, limited edition 750 copies on 7 inch split black/clear vinyl) - UK Vinyl Singles chart no.1
 Electrical Guitar
 That Was Julia
Sex Crazy (studio album, two Centric tracks) Damaged Goods DAMGOOD541 2020
High Velocity
Electrical Guitar
 (Track 10 This is Your Revolution had also previously been recorded with Centric and performed live by The Featherz. The Lurkers recorded earlier versions of several other tracks with Centric early in the album sessions.)

Slady

Merry Xmas Everybody (Sladydor, 5624, 2022, CD single and Download)
"Merry Xmas Everybody"
 "Slade Are For Life, (Not Just For Christmas)" (by John Barker/Slady)

Videography
Music videosThe FeatherzOther projects by Danie Cox/Centric:Appearances by Danie Cox/Centric in other acts' official videos'In addition, in 2015 Cox starred in and Monroe directed an unofficial video for "Never Marry A Railroadman" by Shocking Blue.

 Concert tours
 Headlining
 November 2017 UK tour - four dates including London 100 Club support slot for The Members

 Opening act
 Boy George's This Is What I Do UK tour, first leg - all seven dates (November 2013)
 The Damned's December 2015 UK tour - three dates plus afterparty for London date and headline show in Camden one night before opening date
 Healthy Junkies' Box of Chaos UK tour - four dates plus headline show in Southend two nights before opening date (June–July 2016)
In addition, as sidewomen in the Poussez Posse, the founding line-up of Cox, Smith and Spiers-MacLeod toured supporting Adam Ant's The Good the Mad and the Lovely'' UK tour - three dates including preview show (May 2011) Side project Slady toured with The Rezillos on their Summer 2022 national tour - three dates plus headline show in Brighton, day after final date (June 2022)

Equipment
Prior to 2021, Cox/Centric's signature instrument was her emerald-glitter painted Stratocaster "Alian". In the aftermath of Kemp's death, she received a cherry red Gibson SG as a birthday present from her Slady bandmates, named "Dave" in his memory which has become her main guitar. Since early 2015 she has also had a light blue Fender acoustic guitar, named "Glas" (Welsh for "sky"/"blue") which has been used with both Slady and The Featherz-related acoustic performances (replacing an earlier black acoustic guitar, a gift from Smith).

When Spiers-Macleod joined the Poussez Posse in 2011, Cox loaned her a replica Music Man bass "Gravy" which she continued to use until leaving The Featherz in 2014.  Atkinson had her own bass "Dallon" - a white Gibson Thunderbird which she continued to use with subsequent bands the Black Bullets and Neverlanded - and a blue Dean Exotica acoustic bass named "Lola" (to visually match "Glas" at acoustic gigs).

References

External links
 The Featherz official website
 The Featherz discography on Discogs.com

English indie rock groups
English punk rock groups
Glam punk groups
2011 establishments in England
Musical groups established in 2011


title: Marius (giraffe)

text:
Marius (6 February 2012 – 9 February 2014) was a male giraffe living at Copenhagen Zoo. Though healthy, he was genetically unsuitable for future captive breeding, as his genes were over-represented in the captive population, so the zoo authorities decided to euthanize him. Despite several offers to adopt Marius and an online petition to save him, he was killed on 9 February 2014. His body was then dissected and necropsied in a public educational class and then fed to the zoo's lions. The event received worldwide media coverage and generated responses from several organisations and individuals, including death threats to staff at the zoo.

Between when records began in the early 1900s and when the animal was killed in February 2014, five giraffes had been killed for similar "conservation management reasons". Since 2012, two other young giraffe bulls in the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) were also culled in zoos. The captive population in Europe stood at 798 giraffes in 2014.

Life
Marius was born on 6 February 2012 at Copenhagen Zoo where he lived all his life. The zoo has a policy of only giving an official name to a few selected animals such as elephants with the prospect of living up to 50 years or more but the keepers informally named the giraffe "Marius". Shortly after his birth, Copenhagen Zoo informed the coordinator of the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP) for giraffes who, according to the Danish Zoo Federation, along with his committee tried to find a suitable location for Marius but failed.

Following the recommendations of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) the zoo decided to put down Marius. In a statement, Copenhagen Zoo explained that:

In an interview with the BBC, a spokesman for the EAZA said that Marius had siblings with similar genes who were already in the organisation's breeding programme,(~) which meant that he could not add anything to the programme. He specified that Marius could not be considered inbred, refuting earlier reports.

Offers of placement
Offers to relocate Marius were received by Copenhagen Zoo, but none were taken up. Commenting on several offers the zoo stated that the offers did not match with the requirements of the EAZA. As an EAZA member, the Copenhagen zoo does not own its animals, but manages them. The zoo is also not allowed to sell animals and the placement of animals outside of the EEP is limited to those that follow the same set of rules as EAZA. The following offers were declined.

EAZA member Krakow Zoo said it offered to adopt Marius but received an unexplained refusal from the EAZA. A last-minute offer by EAZA member Yorkshire Wildlife Park to adopt Marius into a bachelor herd in its giraffe house was declined, according to Bengt Holst because the wildlife park's space would be better used by a "genetically more valuable giraffe" than Marius, whose brother already lived there. Also declined were offers from two non-EAZA members, the Dutch Landgoed Hoenderdaell wildlife park and the Swedish Frösö Zoo, as well as an offer by a private individual.

As the zoo was unable to find a suitable place for Marius, considered sterilization damaging to his quality of life and did not want to send him to another EEP zoo where he would take up a "space for more genetically valuable giraffes", he was killed on 9 February 2014.

Killing
The zoo had announced that he would be anaesthetized before being put down with a bolt gun, as lethal injection would make it unsafe for the carnivores at the zoo to eat. However, the euthanizing vet said that he used a rifle, reportedly a Winchester.

Most media wrote that Marius was 18 months old. Bengt Holst, the zoo's Scientific Director, corrected this, saying Marius was two years old. He added that alternative solutions were considered, but not found viable.

Public dissection
After being euthanized, Marius was publicly dissected. This was done in a separate area of the zoo, but accessible for those interested, including parents with children. Associated Press distributed a photo of the public dissection worldwide, heightening the attention to the case. Parts of his body were fed to the zoo's lions. Other parts were sent to seven research projects. The zoo's spokesman said, "I'm actually proud because I think we have given children a huge understanding of the anatomy of a giraffe that they wouldn't have had from watching a giraffe in a photo." According to Bengt Holst, public dissection of deceased animals fits with the zoo's policy to educate people on nature and wildlife, and is a normal practice in Denmark. The main animal rights group in Denmark, Dyrenes Beskyttelse, supported the zoo's actions. Others have criticized the public dissection, questioning its educational value.

Responses

Zoological organizations

Bengt Holst, scientific director at the Danish zoo, said that the amount of international interest had come as a surprise to the zoo, but also stressed the importance of a policy of openness. He defended the killing of the young bull based on culling for artificial selection. He said that giraffes in zoos bred very well and where this was the case, giraffes had to be selected to ensure the best genes were passed down to ensure the animals' long-term survival. He confirmed the zoo typically culls 20 to 30 animals every year, mostly antelopes, llamas and goats.

EAZA issued a press release "fully supporting" the decisions and policy of the Copenhagen Zoo. Its executive director, Lesley Dickie, supported the killing and public dissection, and said that EAZA's position receives support from the International Union for Conservation of Nature. An EAZA spokesperson estimated that on average each of its members annually euthanizes about five large mammals.

The Executive Director of the North American Association of Zoos and Aquariums stated in response to public concerns that programs and procedures of EAZA vary from theirs.

EAZA members
Doué-la-Fontaine Zoo in France said Copenhagen Zoo had not broken EAZA rules, but called the events "shocking" and wondered why a more "soft" solution had not been found.

Dublin Zoo in Ireland was "saddened" by the giraffe's death, calling it "cold, calculated, cynical and callous".

The director of Hellabrunn Zoo in Munich, Germany said the zoo would never kill a giraffe or do a similar public dissection, which had left him "speechless". He said some animals such as goats and guinea pigs are slaughtered as food for predators, but without "making a show" of this, and that the killing of animals has been more accepted in Scandinavian zoos for a number of years, but he did not know the exact reasoning behind the Copenhagen Zoo's decisions.

The director of Kraków Zoo in Poland, Józef Skotnicki, expressed deep disappointment with the EAZA attitude, the killing, and the public dissection.

Moscow Zoo in Russia condemned the actions, saying it did not support killing policies and instead favoured sterilization. It also expressed concern for the potential harm to children who attended the dissection.

Nuremberg Zoo in Germany supported the Copenhagen Zoo's actions. Director Dag Encke noted that giraffes had more emotional appeal than some other species and that the policy and actions had been well considered.  With regard to the public dissection, he commented that children tended to have a natural curiosity, provided that everything was well explained.

The director of Prague Zoo in the Czech Republic criticized the public dissection, saying it "...should have been done with a certain amount of dignity and not in the presence of the public and cameras". However he also wrote that the killing should be evaluated "after a necessary interval and from a number of perspectives."

A vet at Safaripark Beekse Bergen in the Netherlands said euthanasia was considered less objectionable by Scandinavian zoos than by Dutch zoos, which instead choose to use bachelor herds and birth control.

The South Lakes Wild Animal Park in England supported the policy, writing that Copenhagen Zoo "has a very strict welfare and ethics record and is a very highly regarded zoo in every aspect."

A specialist vet at Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Austria stated that "if a giraffe likewise would be born in Schönbrunn, which due to a risk of inbreeding could not be placed elsewhere, then a similar procedure like the one in Copenhagen could take place there" but called the public feeding of the predators "emotionless".

Animal rights organisations
Dyrenes Beskyttelse, a Danish animal protection organization, said that it trusts the decisions made by the zoo and pointed to the issue of the large numbers of authorized killings and culls of animals like piglets and stags.

Denmark's Organisation Against the Suffering of Animals repudiated the action as unethical, saying:

The Born Free Foundation called for,

PETA UK director Mimi Bekhechi has stated

Politics
Esther Ouwehand, Member of the Dutch Parliament for the Party for the Animals asked the State Secretary for Economic Affairs for clarification on the practice in Dutch zoos and request for more strict European regulation on breeding programs. In her response the State Secretary did not second additional restrictions arguing that the role of zoos, as preservers of the biodiversity of animals as is described in the EU Directive 1999/22/EC, does not compromise the individuality, health and well-being of the animal.

Public

Members of the public started an international online petition directed at the Copenhagen Zoo to save Marius. Upon its closure shortly after Marius's death, the petition had collected over 27,000 signatures.

Copenhagen Zoo managers confirmed that staff, including its head of conservation, received death threats by phone and email following the killing of Marius.

On 26 May, Bengt was elected as Copenhagener of the Year by readers of the Danish newspaper Politiken. The zoo director was nominated by the newspaper for his business-like response to Channel 4 reporter Matt Frei and for "insisting that we should not change the world into a Disney World wherein no person ever dies".

Individuals
The reported events quickly gained attention in many countries, and some examples from entries in the public debate are given below.

Jack Hanna, American director emeritus of the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium in the United States, criticized the zoo's actions, calling it "abominable, insensitive, grotesque". He stated that such an action would never have occurred in the United States.

Ben Fogle, British broadcaster and adventurer, criticized the "shocking lack of compassion" in the dealing with zoo animals as the result of unsuitable funds for many contemporary zoo institutions.

Alan Posener, British-German columnist, condemned the killing and dissection as a sort of entertainment, which he saw as based on a fascination of violence. To him, a zoo strategy built on Disney-like fairy-tales was actually preferable to instruction in emotionless and patronizing Darwinism.

Robert Young, professor of Wildlife Conservation at the University of Salford, wrote that the case illustrated cultural and institutional differences in how zoos weigh aspects of the animals' quality of life.  He discussed how some zoos may favour sterilization and increased longevity. Copenhagen Zoo, however, favours non-sterilization, fewer constraints on breeding and full periods of parenthood, though at the risk of shorter lives for the offspring.

Éric Baratay, a professor in History at the Université Jean Moulin in Lyon, France, and a specialist in the relationship between humans and other animals, called the media transparency of the event "very surprising" as it concerns a baby giraffe, "since giraffes are among the most beloved animals among the public".

Victoria Martindale, British animal activist, wrote that the case illustrated how zoos were unnatural surroundings for animals, and that the early death liberated Marius from "years of imprisonment".

Brendan O'Neill, British editor of Spiked magazine, criticized mass media presentation of the events as an example of sensationalist press tendencies.

Writing in the American magazine Psychology Today, Denise Cummins, a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, questioned the precise educational benefit to children of attending the public dissection. Entitled "What we Learned From Marius the Giraffe", the article criticized the move, which it called a "canned hunt-blood sport", and insisted that the children would only learn that "killing animals for entertainment is perfectly legitimate".

Marc Bekoff, American Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder, said: "The cold justification for these killings offered by zoo workers chilled and scared me. Furthermore, these easily avoidable deaths, perversely justified 'in the name of conservation', are horrible lessons for youngsters and run counter to global programs in humane education and compassionate conservation."

See also
 Conservation (ethic)
 Culling in zoos
 List of animals culled in zoos

References

Further reading

Parker, Ian (16 January 2017). "Killing Animals at the Zoo". The New Yorker. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
Rydén, P., Kottika, E., Hossain, M., Skare, V., & Morrison, A. M. (2020). Threat or treat for tourism organizations? The Copenhagen Zoo social media storm. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(1), 108–119.

External links
 Council Directive 1999/22/EC EU Directive relating to the keeping of wild animals in zoos

Individual giraffes
2012 animal births
2014 animal deaths
2014 controversies
2014 in Denmark
Individual animals in Denmark


title: Ann E. Carlson

text:
Ann E. Carlson (born 1960) is an American attorney and legal scholar who has served as the acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration since September 2022. Before joining the Biden administration, Carlson was the Shirley Shapiro Professor of Environmental Law at the UCLA School of Law, where she also served as faculty co-director of the Emmett Center on Climate Change and the Environment. She is an expert on U.S. environmental law and policy with a particular focus on climate change and environmental federalism.
Biden administration withdrew her from nomination in May 2023.

Education

Carlson earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1982 and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1989.

Career

Carlson joined the faculty of UCLA in 1994. She previously practiced law with the Los Angeles public interest law firm Hall and Phillips (now Phillips and Cohen), where she represented Stephanie Nordlinger in a challenge to California's Proposition 13 in a case that reached the Supreme Court of the United States. Her work representing Emil Stache and Almon Muelhausen in a case under the False Claims Act against Teledyne Industries was featured in the book The Giantkillers.

At UCLA, Carlson has served as Academic Associate Dean and currently serves as Vice Dean for Faculty Recruitment and Intellectual Life. Carlson's scholarship examines unusual arrangements of federalism, evaluation of domestic environmental law and policy, and climate change. Carlson is the recipient of UCLA's highest teaching honor, the Eby Award for the Art of Teaching, and the Rutter Award for Excellence in Teaching.

Carlson served as a panelist for the influential National Academy of Sciences committee on Limiting the Magnitude of Climate Change. She is a member of the Steering Committee of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Alternative Energy Future project. Carlson is a frequent commentator on environmental issues and a founder of and frequent blogger at Legal Planet.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
On January 21, 2021, the Department of Transportation announced Carlson as the incoming chief counsel to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the Biden administration. In September 2022, Carlson became acting administrator of NHTSA, and on February 13, 2023, President Joe Biden nominated her to a term as administrator of the agency. Her nomination was later withdrawn on May 30, 2023.

During her tenure, the NHTSA has accelerated its probe into Tesla's Autopilot technology to ensure that drivers are paying adequate attention to the road.

Works
 (Roger W. Findley, Daniel A. Farber and Jody Freeman)

References

1960 births
Living people
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
UCLA School of Law faculty
Harvard Law School alumni
California lawyers
American women lawyers
American women legal scholars
American legal scholars
American women academics
21st-century American women
United States Department of Transportation officials
Biden administration personnel


title: Historiography of Albania

text:
The Historiography of Albania () or Albanian historiography () refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to study the history of Albania and Albanians.

Influence of Germany and Austria-Hungary

Theodor Anton Ippen, who would become a consul of Austria-Hungary in Scutari between 1897 and 1903, belonged to the group of Albanologists whose works were published through the state-financed institutes of Austria-Hungary. He participated in writing and disseminating the first history of Albania published on the Albanian language because he insisted that it would be beneficial for the awakening of the Albanian national consciousness and therefore for the Dual Monarchy. Ippen struggled for the establishment of an independent nation-state of Albanians.

Modern Albanian historiography

There are two main sources of modern Albanian historiography: intellectuals from the Albanian National Awakening (Rilindja) period and historians from the regime of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. From 1878 onward, the national Awakening period galvanised Albanian intellectuals among some who emerged as the first modern Albanian scholars and they were preoccupied with overcoming linguistic and cultural differences between Albanian subgroups (Gegs and Tosks) and religious divisions (Muslim and Christians). At that time, these scholars lacked access to many primary sources to construct the idea that Albanians were descendants of Illyrians, while Greater Albania was not considered a priority. Compared with their Balkan counterparts, these Albanian historians were very moderate and alongside politicians mainly had the goal to get socio-political recognition and autonomy for Albanians under Ottoman rule. Two major historical works written by Albanians during this early phase of modern historiography within Albania are Athanase Gegaj's L'Albanie et l'Invasion turque au XVe siècle (1937) and Fan Noli's George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405-1468) (1947), both written outside Albania.

Albanian socialist historiography (1945-1992)
Albanian socialist historiography was associated with the Albanian state building project of national legitimation. Albanian historiography was based upon the works of a group of Albanian speaking intelligentsia that during the early to mid 19th century developed a national narrative when professional Albanian historians did not exist. Balanced approaches to history were not encouraged during the period between the end of World War II and the death of Enver Hohxa in 1985. After the Second World War the communist government trained scholars to become historians and write Albanian history, while due to the political context they were preoccupied with matters relating to national identity.  In 1959, the first volume on the history of Albania was published that dealt with topics ranging from antiquity until the 19th century and was a major undertaking that was a serious analysis of Greek, Latin, Byzantine and Ottoman sources. Elements of national construction dominated parts of the work such as stressing the Illyrians as the ancestors of the Albanians, the existence of an Albanian medieval state and that Albanians during the Ottoman period were an autonomous entity. These themes though linked to matters of national identification were not completely unfounded. During the communist period, the regime attempted to instill a national consciousness through the scope of a teleological past based upon Illyrian descent, Skanderbeg's resistance to the Ottomans and the nationalist reawakening (Rilindja) of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Those themes and concepts of history have still continued within a post-communist environment modified and adapted to fit contemporary Albania's aspirations regarding Europe. Albanian historiographical scholarship though compromised by political influences did manage to produce reliable information at times.
 Of Stalinist Albania, Bernd Jürgen Fischer stated that it produced good historians though not always good history. Drawing upon themes of national struggles established during the Rilindja period, Albanian socialist historiography centred itself upon the main narrative of nationhood that within history writing included Marxist historical materialism and nationalism. There were two main notable groups of Albanian historians in that period:
 Military historians: Ndreci Plasari and Shyqri Ballvora
 Political historians: Aleks Buda, Stefanaq Pollo, Arben Puto and Luan Omari.

Aleks Buda, who also became a president of the Academy of Sciences of Albania, is sometimes considered as a founder of the Albanian post WWII historiography. Buda belonged to a small group of intellectuals allowed by the Albanian communist regime to have access to foreign literature in order to use them to prepare new ideological and theoretical directives for the rest of their colleagues.

Post communist Albanian Historiography

When Albanian socialist historiography dealt with people, it tended to see things black and white. The legacy of understanding history through such dichotomies has remained for a majority of Albanians which for example they view Skanderbeg and the anti-Ottoman forces as "good" while the Ottomans are "bad". The influence of ideology upon Albanian historians during the socialist era of Albanian Historiography can be seen not only in publications published by Academy of Sciences of Albania (i.e. Historia e Shqipërisë) but also in specialized works published by individual authors like Viron Koka, Mentar Belegu and Ilijaz Fishta. Due to that legacy, Robert Elsie emphasized that there was no reliable and objective historiography in Albania which could serve as a basis for his historical dictionary of Albania he compiled and published in 2010. Oliver Jens Schmitt stated that the post-World War II Albanian regime propagated the official version of the past using all available means. People in Albania were subjected to state organized indoctrination and propaganda. Schmitt explained that because of political influence it was impossible to organize open discussion about socialist historiography, while those who attempted to criticize it would be denounced often as non-professionals or foreigners with evil objectives.  The influence of such historical myths still remain which for example in 2009 Schmitt was severely criticised in Albania after producing an academic biography that challenged the traditional Albanian concept of Skanderbeg. Post-communist Albanian historiography has attempted to move away from previous political influences of the Hoxha era and shift the discipline toward a more scientific methodological direction, however, themes of national struggles continue. Political pressures have been placed upon contemporary Albanian historiography. For example the Albanian government in 2013 reformed the Academy of Sciences by allowing it to influence the scholarship of historians by urging them to rewrite history (mostly in relation to the modern period). Those moves caused heated debate among historians of which one group viewing the initial intent as being a move to place aside distortions of the past that assisted in empowering the communists and another group seeing it as a repeat of the communist regime's politicisation of history.

Themes

Early Albanian history

The picture created by Albanian science about the early history of Albanians is simplified, uncritical and has appearances of fabrication. Albanian scholars have continuously asserted and claimed antecedence of Albanian culture over Slav culture. The official Albanian historiography, which influenced many Albanians, emphasizes that Albanians have always lived in Albania and supports the hypothesis that Albanians are descendants of Illyrians, while some non-Albanian scholars consider the question of the origin of Albanians to be unsolved.

Ottoman period and Islam in Albania

The image of Islam produced by both main sources of modern Albanian historiography was neither objective nor positive. Although the communist regime fell (1992) in Albania, contemporary Albanian historians have still held onto inherited stereotypes and myths regarding Islam from Albanian socialist historiography.

Albanian historiographical myths regarding Islam include:
 Islam was imported by the Ottomans and is an alien element of Albanian culture.
 Albanians converted from Christianity to Islam not because of their religious feelings though instead for other opportunistic reasons or because they were sometimes forced to do so.
 Albanian religious sentiments are weak because Albanian national feeling was always more important for Albanians than their religious adherence and affiliations.

Numerous historians from Albania with nationalist perspectives (Ramadan Marmallaku, Kristo Frasheri, Skender Anamali, Stefanaq Pollo, Skender Rizaj and Arben Puto) intentionally emphasized "the Turkish savagery" and "heroic Christian resistance against the Osmanli state in Albania". Albanian historiography tends to ignore religiously inspired enmity between Albanians of different faiths. Trends from Albanian nationalist historiography composed by scholars during and of the communist era onward linger on that interpret Ottoman rule as being the "yoke" period, akin to other Balkan historiographies.

Skanderbeg

Although the Myth of Skanderbeg had little to do with the reality of historical Skanderbeg, it was incorporated in works about history of Albania.

Treaty of London

The Treaty of London interpreted by nationalist Albanian historiography symbolizes the partition of the Albanian nation into three parts.

Other

The Serbian argument that Kosovo was first settled by the Albanians in the 17th century is rejected by modern Albanian historiography.

References

Sources

 Dhrimo, Ali. “Der Beitrag deutscher Forscher auf dem Gebiet des Albanischen”, in Albanien in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: Internationales Symposion der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit der Albanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Winterscheider Mühle bei Bonn, 12. bis 15. September 1989. Edited by Klaus-Detlev Grothusen. Munich, 1991, pp. 160–172.

Further reading

History of Albania


title: You'll See (disambiguation)

text:
"You'll See" is a song by Madonna

Music
You'll See, album by DJ Green Lantern
"Crois-moi ça durera" , a 1962 song by Gilbert Bécaud, English version "You'll See" from Monsieur Gilbert Bécaud, covered in 1965 as "You'll See" by Nat King Cole, written by Norman Gimbel, released on The Beautiful Ballads
"You'll See', a 1978 song by Wendy Waldman, B-side of "Long Hot Summer Nights"
"You'll See", a song by The Notorious B.I.G. from Special Dedication (The Notorious B.I.G. discography)
"You'll See", a 1981 song by Jimmy Smith (musician) from All The Way Live
"You'll See", a 2013 song by The Feeling from Boy Cried Wolf (The Feeling album)
"You'll See a Man", song by Harvest (band)

See also
You'll Never See album by Swedish band Grave


title: Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers

text:
On , an armistice was signed between the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Bulgaria, the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire—the Central Powers—on the other. The armistice took effect two days later, on . By this agreement Russia de facto exited World War I, although fighting would briefly resume before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918, and Russia made peace.

Ceasefires
The Bolsheviks came to power with the slogan "Bread and Peace". On  three Russian emissaries under a white flag entered the German lines to arrange for negotiations which they agreed would be held at the headquarters of the Central Powers Armies at Brest-Litovsk. A local ceasefire agreement was reached at Soly on  between the Russians and Germans on the Eastern Front (Russia's "Western Front"). It superseded any local ceasefires or truces already agreed to—without specifying what these were—and was to be in effect from 6–17 December. Notice of the agreement was published in Izvestia on .

A fuller ceasefire encompassing all the Central Powers was signed at Brest-Litovsk on , the day after the agreement with Germany at Soly. This ceasefire came into effect a day later , but expired on the same date as the local agreement of 4 December. It was published in Izvestia on the day it came into effect. In Soviet historiography there is some dispute about whether any agreement was signed on 5 December, and the explicit reference in the text of the armistice to a ceasefire of that date is dismissed as an error. That the 5 December agreement is historical is generally agreed. One of the Russian negotiators, Lev Kamenev, wrote about the details of the agreement in Izvestia on ; and the German General Max Hoffmann discussed it in his war diary.

Armistice
The negotiations were organized by General Max Hoffmann, chief of staff of the Eastern Armies. His negotiating team consisted of five Germans, four Austro-Hungarians (led by Kajetan von Mérey), three Ottomans (led by Zeki Pasha) and two Bulgarians (led by Petar Ganchev). Russian overtures to their French, Italian, and British allies to join in were rejected with "an, angry stony silence". Foreign minister Leon Trotsky assembled a Russian delegation of twenty eight, which one of them described as a menagerie because they were chosen to represent the social groups supporting the revolution, including soldiers, sailors, and factory workers. On the way to the railway station they realized that they lacked a peasant one was recruited from the street. The female representative was celebrated for having assassinated a general. They were led by Adolph Joffe, an experienced Bolshevik who had studied medicine in Berlin, supported by a tsarist lieutenant colonel as military adviser and the experienced revolutionaries Kamenev and Lev Karakhan.

When they arrived at Brest-Litovsk they found the city a blackened ruin, burnt to the ground during the Russian retreat in 1915. The offices and common facilities of the headquarters were in the fortress which had survived the fire and lodgings were in temporary wooden buildings erected in its courtyards. The delegation was welcomed by Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Bavaria, a younger brother of the King of Bavaria and supreme commander on the eastern front. The Russians ate in the officer's mess, where their hosts endeavored to establish friendly relations with their perplexing guests.

After three days of negotiations they agreed on an armistice for 28 days, during which no German troops would leave the eastern front. The sticking point was that Joffe's instructions were to sign a general armistice for all of the fighting fronts, which Hoffmann rejected because obviously they had no such mandate from their allies. The talks were recessed for a week while Joffe obtained new instructions. The Russians returned without their symbolic soldier, sailor, worker, and peasant. On 15 December 1917, an armistice for thirty days was agreed, which would automatically be extended to thirty days until seven days after notice had been given by any party of its intention to resume hostilities. A supplement to the armistice was signed later the same day. It provided for a commission to be set up at Petrograd to restore the postal system, trade relations and the transport of books and newspapers. They also agreed to reconvene to begin to negotiate a peace treaty.

On 10 February 1918, the treaty negotiations broke down. On 17 February, Hoffmann gave official notice that hostilities would be renewed on 18 February, when the final campaign of the Eastern Front began, forcing the Russians to give way and sign.

Notes

Bibliography

World War I
Russia and the Central Powers
1917 in military history
1917 in Russia
December 1917 events
1917 documents


title: Marko Vučetić

text:
Marko Vučetić (; born 24 June 1986) is a Serbian football midfielder who plays for FK Kolubara.

References

External links

 Marko Vučetić stats at utakmica.rs

1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Serbian men's footballers
FK Dorćol players
FK Radnički Beograd players
FK Železničar Beograd players
FK Inđija players
FK Bregalnica Štip players
FK Ekranas players
Adanaspor footballers
FK Napredak Kruševac players
FK Radnik Surdulica players
FK Bežanija players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Sloboda Užice players
FK Kolubara players
Serbian First League players
Macedonian First Football League players
A Lyga players
Serbian SuperLiga players
TFF First League players
Serbian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in North Macedonia
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia
Expatriate men's footballers in Lithuania
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Lithuania
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Men's association football midfielders


title: Neill F. Marriott

text:
Evelyn Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) is an American religious leader and was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018.

Personal life
She was born in Alexandria, Louisiana, has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University, and later worked as a secretary at Harvard University.

While at Harvard, she met David Marriott, who introduced her to the LDS Church. She was baptized into the LDS Church and about a year later began dating Marriott. They were married in the Salt Lake Temple in June 1971 and are the parents of 11 children.

LDS Church service
Among other callings in the church, Marriott has served as a stake and ward Relief Society president and ward Young Women president.  From 2002 to 2005, Marriott served with her husband while he was president of the church's Brazil São Paulo Interlagos Mission.

Marriott was called as the second counselor to Bonnie L. Oscarson in 2013 and served until 2018. Marriott's four addresses in the church's general Relief Society Meeting or General Conference included Abiding in God and Repairing the Breach and Yielding Our Hearts to God. Marriott was also a part of the change to a General Women’s Meeting for LDS Church--marking the first time that women, young women and girls have been invited to come together.

In February 2015, Marriott participated with other LDS Church leaders at a press conference in favor of bills protecting people from housing and employment discrimination based on sexual orientation, while also addressing the need for protection of religious liberty. Marriott also was one of the church's representatives at a meeting announcing a bill incorporating these principles being introduced to the Utah legislature in March 2015. In 2018 she presented at the International Center for Law and Religion Studies conference a talk entitled, What Can a Lay Person Do to Protect Religious Freedom? and spoke about her father, a judge, attorney, and member of the board at the First Methodist Church in Alexandria, Louisiana.

References

External links
Neill F. Marriott Official profile

1947 births
21st-century Mormon missionaries
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
American Mormon missionaries in Brazil
Converts to Mormonism
Counselors in the General Presidency of the Young Women (organization)
Female Mormon missionaries
Harvard University staff
Living people
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
People from Alexandria, Louisiana
Southern Methodist University alumni
Latter Day Saints from Louisiana
Latter Day Saints from Massachusetts


title: Gümüşören, Pervari

text:
Gümüşören ( or ; ) is a village in the Pervari District in the Siirt Province of Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şakiran tribe and had a population of 542 in 2021.

The hamlet of Ulupınar is attached to the village.

The village was depopulated in the 1990s.

References

Kurdish settlements in Siirt Province
Villages in Pervari District


title: David Chodounsky

text:
David Chodounsky (born June 25, 1984) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States, and specialized in the technical disciplines of slalom and giant slalom. Chodounsky competed in two Winter Olympics (2014, 2018); prior to the U.S. Ski Team, he raced for Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.

Background
David Chodounsky was born on June 25, 1984, in Saint Paul, Minnesota to Anna and Martin Chodounsky, Czech parents originally from Prague. He was raised in Minnesota and began skiing at the age of two on a pair of "whittled wooden planks" in his family's front yard. Chodounsky began ski racing at the age of seven, and joined a local ski racing team at Buck Hill in Burnsville, Minnesota. While participating in the team, he was coached alongside Lindsey Vonn by Erich Sailer. To further his skiing career, Chodounsky and his family relocated in 1995 to Crested Butte, Colorado, when he was eleven years old, and attended Crested Butte Academy.

College ski career
Following his graduation from Crested Butte Academy in 2003, Chodounsky was unable to qualify for the United States Ski Team. he was accepted to Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, but deferred for a year to train in Europe. Chodounsky began attending Dartmouth in fall 2004, where he participated in the college's ski team. During his freshman year at Dartmouth in 2005, Chodounsky won the slalom title at the NCAA Skiing Championships. Two years later, during his sophomore year at Dartmouth, Chodounsky was the captain of the school's ski program. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 2008 with a Bachelor of Arts degree with a double major in engineering and geology.

Racing career
Following his graduation from Dartmouth, Chodounsky won the United States national slalom title in 2009. Upon winning this title, Chodounsky was selected to join the United States Ski Team. Chodounsky was the only member of the team to earn his college degree prior to making the team. In 2010, Chodounsky won the slalom at the Nor-Am Cup and Australian New Zealand Cup.  Chodounsky cut his 2012 season short after he underwent surgery on his patella. During the 2013 Alpine Skiing World Cup, Chodounsky placed 15th place in the France slalom at Val-d'Isère, and 10th place in the Switzerland slalom at Adelboden. In August 2013, Chodounsky won the slaloms at both the Australian New Zealand Cup and the Australian National Championship. He finished the 2013 season ranked 21st overall in slalom.

On January 26, 2014, Chodounsky was nominated by the United States Ski and Snowboard Association to compete with the U.S. Olympic Alpine Ski Team at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. The 2014 Winter Olympics are Chodounsky's first Olympic Games. However, he failed to finish in his only event at the Games, the slalom. He was selected again for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyongchang, South Korea, where he finished 18th in the slalom and was part of the US squad that competed in the inaugural Olympic team event, being knocked out in the first round by Great Britain.

In July 2018, Chodounsky announced his retirement from competition via an Instagram post.

World Cup results

Season standings

Race results
Chodounsky did not reach a World Cup podium, but had seven finishes in the top ten; his best result is fourth place in a slalom in December 2015.

World Championship results

Olympic results

References

External links

 David Chodounsky – profile at United States Ski Team

1984 births
American people of Czech descent
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
American male alpine skiers
Dartmouth Big Green skiers
Dartmouth College alumni
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers for the United States
People from Gunnison County, Colorado
Sportspeople from Colorado
Sportspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota


title: HMS Porpoise (1798)

text:
HMS Porpoise was built as a storeship to a commercial design by John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy), launched in 1798 and purchased by the Royal Navy. The Navy commissioned her in July 1798 under Lieutenant Walter Scott.

The ship was to carry a collection of trees and plants to Australia for Sir Joseph Banks and they were tended on board by George Suttor. A "garden cabin"  by  feet was built on the quarterdeck of the ship. After several abortive attempts to reach Australia the ship was condemned as unseaworthy, and the garden was transferred to the new .

The Navy renamed her Diligent in 1799 and sold her in 1802 at the end of the French Revolutionary Wars. Records in the National Maritime Museum for Diligent describe her as an "armed ship".

Citations

References

Storeships of the Royal Navy
1798 ships


title: Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry

text:
The Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry (Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli also known as FAFM) is one of the last remaining Florentine foundries, producing works in bronze utilizing the Renaissance technique of lost-wax. A large number of bronze sculptures produced in Florence over the last century come from this artistic foundry. One of the most famous and popular works in Florence, the 'La Fontana del Porcellino', was cast by the Marinelli Foundry in 1988 and replaced the antique in 1998.

As early as 1929, Marinelli Foundry was present internationally. It produced the monumental sculpture ‘La Carretta dei Pioneri’ (‘The Pioneer’s Cart’) carved by the Uruguayan artist José Belloni. It may still be seen today in Montevideo. In 1932, the panels of the immense Bramante Staircase at the entrance of the Vatican Museums by  Antonio Maraini were cast. A more recent achievement is the ‘Warrior on horseback’ at the Macedonia Square in Skopje, North Macedonia, inaugurated in 2011 and the work of the sculptor  Valentina Stevanovska.

History

The history of the Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli began in 1905 with the opening of a small shop on Florence’s Via de’ Giudei (today’s Via Ramaglianti) by Ferdinando Marinelli. Born in Piegaro, in the Province of Perugia in 1887, he arrived as a teenager in Florence where he was apprenticed first to Cusmano Vignali’s foundry and subsequently to Gabellini’s, learning the techniques of both stirrup manufacturing as well as lost-wax casting. In 1915, he was employed by the Fonderia of Alessandro Biagiotti (Biagiotti’s nickname was ‘Brucino’). After World War I, Ferdinando took over the Gabellini foundry on Via del Romito (today’s Via Filippo Corridoni). During this period, the Marinelli Foundry produced several monuments which commemorate the fallen of World War I; those on Piazza Dalmatia in Florence and Poggio a Caiano, (both by Mario Moschi) as well as those at Barberino Val d’Elsa and Cerbaia, (works by Odo Franceschi). In 1925, the Foundry executed the monument to the painter Giovanni Fattori donated to the city of Livorno by Valmore Gemignani. Two years later, the Chamber of Commerce, Florence surveyed the artisan workshops in the Province and reported that: «The reputation of the Marinelli Foundry […] rests on the perfection of its casting, employing an acid-based varnish permitting the metal to be displayed without losing any of its glare, maintaining warm tonalities, those of natural bronze thereby creating works of art».

In 1927, Fonderia Artistica Ferdinando Marinelli cast a sculptural group measuring in total 22 meters made by the Uruguayan José Belloni for Montevideo, ‘La Carretta dei Pionieri’ (‘The Pioneer’s Cart’) commissioned by the Consul Gilberto Fraschetti. Marinelli Foundry received important commissions thanks to the esteem with which Ferdinando was held by the sculptor Antonio Maraini. Maraini choose him as his caster when he received the commission from Pope Pius XI to execute the panels that decorate the newly built large staircase at the entrance to the Vatican Museums.

The Foundry’s expansion continued and shortly prior to the outbreak of World War II, industrial castings and metal refining were added to its traditional artistic activities and indeed remained an important part of its output until the end of the conflict. In 1945, Ferdinando Marinelli leaves the Foundry to his sons Aldo and Marino who carry on the artistic traditions. Upon Marino’s death, the company passes on to his son Ferdinando Jr. who maintains the ancient tradition of lost-wax casting. Marinelli Foundry remains to this day one of the last artistic workshops practising this technique and a benchmark for Italian artisan excellence.

In addition to important commissions received from foreign governments and private collectors, the Foundry produced on behalf of the City of Florence, a bronze posthumously of the ‘Porcellino’ by Pietro Tacca in the Loggia del Mercato Nuovo. The antique work was moved to the Museo Bardini in 2004. In addition, again for Florence, it executed posthumously of  Giambologna's 'Bacchus' in Borgo San Jacopo (antique is, from 2006, in the Bargello Museum), and the ‘St. Matthew’ by Lorenzo Ghiberti for an external niche of the Church of Orsanmichele (antique in a museum nearby).

Headquarters

The Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry remained in its historical headquarters in Via Corridoni until 2001 when new environmental regulations prohibiting the casting of bronze within Florence forced the company to build new headquarters in the town of Barberino Val d’Elsa. The new workshops were equipped with up-to-date furnaces and kilns however leaving all of the traditional production phases unaltered.

The collaboration with the Vatican City

As already mentioned, the esteem of Antonio Maraini permitted the Marinelli Foundry to establish a working relationship with the Vatican State. After casting the friezes of the monumental staircase entrance to the Vatican Museums, the Foundry produced the tomb and the death mask (the latter in silver) of Pope Pius XI commissioned to the artist Antonio Berti, and the ‘Porta Santa’ (Holy Door) of St. Peter’s Basilica carved by Maestro Vico Consorti. Such collaborations subsequently permitted Marinelli to receive additional commissions from churches in Rome. These include the central doors of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, after the drawings of Ludovico Pogliaghi, and in 1951, the doors of Sant’Eugenio designed by the engineer Enrico Galeazzi. The collaboration has continued recently; it has produced the bronze handrail of the new large flight of stairs at the Vatican Museums inaugurated in 2000 by Pope John Paul II.

The Diploma of Honor ('Diploma d'Onore') and the horse Sacrifice

The ‘Diploma d’Onore’ was awarded to the Marinelli Foundry by the Italian Ministry of Trade and Industry in recognition of the casting of Sacrifice one of the four allegorical horses that decorate the Arlington Memorial Bridge of Washington, D.C. The monument is the work of the American sculptor, Leo Friedlander. This project, conceived in the late twenties and delayed due to the Great Depression, was resumed in 1938 and only completed at the end of World War II. The monument was a gift of Ambassador Alberto Tarchiani on behalf of Italy. Its inauguration took place on 26 December 1951.

The most important castings
A selection of the most important works and monuments executed by the Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry.

See also
Firenze
Porcellino
Pietro Bazzanti e Figlio Art Gallery

Notes

Bibliography

General Information
The Marinelli Foundry of Florence by John Spike http://begeeart.com/the-marinelli-foundry-of-florence/ Last visit 01/07/2014
https://web.archive.org/web/20140218210035/http://www.loveforitaly.it/simboli/siamo-andati-a-trovare-ferdinando-marinelli visited on 01/07/2014

Associations e Foundations
http://www.unioneimpresestoriche.com/associati_dett.asp?lingua=_ita&idlink=3&idass=41 , visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.fondazioneartigianato.it/fonderia-artistica-marinelli.html Fondazione Firenze Artigianato Artistico, visited on 01/07/2014

The Statue 'Warriors on Horseback'
http://www.unioneimpresestoriche.com/news_dett.asp?lingua=_ita&idnews=174&idlink=6 "A Skopje c'è un Alessandro Magno della Fonderia Artistica Marinelli", visited on 01/07/2014
http://it.peacereporter.net/articolo/29062/Macedonia,+posata+la+statua+di+Alessandro+Magno.+Polemiche+ad+Atene Visited on 12/30/2013
http://www.eastjournal.net/macedonia-cosa-resta-di-alessandro-il-grande-la-statua-che-fa-arrabbiare-atene/8370 Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.ilgiornaledelfriuli.net/cron/skopje-svetta-la-statua-di-alessandro-magno-a-cavalloil-monumento-e-stato-realizzato-dalla-fonderia-artistica-ferdinando-marinelli-di-firenze-per-53-milioni-di-euro Visited on 01/07/2014
http://cavallomagazine.quotidiano.net/cavallomagazine/2011/06/21/528950-alessandro_bucefalo.shtml Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.tuttosport.com/attualita/esteri/2011/06/21-131347/Macedonia%3A+mega-statua+Alessandro+Magno Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/cronaca-italia/macedonia-la-statua-di-alessandro-magno-in-piazza-skopje-896075/ Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.ilquotidianoitaliano.it/gallerie/2011/06/news/macedonia-mega-monumento-ad-alessandro-magno-94976.html/ Visited on 01/07/2014
https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213953/http://www.ilnuovo.it/articolo-20110621-Macedonia%3A_mega-statua_Alessandro_Magno.php Visited on 01/07/2014

Restoration of the Replica of 'Porcellino'
http://press.comune.fi.it/hcm/hcm5353-11_89-Porcellino,+torna+a+splendere+il+bronzo+alla+Loggi.html?cm_id_details=59283&id_padre=47009 Porcellino, torna a splendere il bronzo alla Loggia del Mercato nuovo, consulted on 01/07/2014
http://www.sassarinotizie.com/24ore-articolo-55845-firenze__porcellino__della_loggia_del_mercato_nuovo_e__tornato_a_splendere.aspx Consulted on 01/07/2014
http://corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/firenze/notizie/arte_e_cultura/2011/18-ottobre-2011/porcellino-come-nuovo-tutti-sfregare-1901864171499.shtml Consulted on 01/07/2014

Replica of Michelangelo's 'Bruges Madonna'
https://web.archive.org/web/20140107210226/http://michelangelosmadonna.com/bruges/Rassegna_stampa_HR_web.pdf Consulted on 01/07/2014
http://www.chiesacattolica.it/cci_new_v3/allegati/7636/b292810ago1.pdf Rivive il bronzo 'perduto' di Michelangelo, visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michelangelos-bruges-madonna-graces-dc-basilica-70271322.html Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.zoomedia.it/Firenze/eventi/casa_buonarroti/madonna_di_bruges/index.html Visited on 01/07/2014
http://www.catholicherald.com/stories/Michelangelos-Mother-of-God,12081 Visited on 01/07/2014
Knights Columbus Museum http://www.kofcmuseum.org/km/en/exhibits/2010/michelangelo/ Visited on 01/07/2014

Exhibitions
Bronzi di Toscana di Piero Bertelli http://www.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/upload/crt/eventi/M/titolo_993.pdf Consulted on 01/07/2014
Bronzi di Toscana di Piero Bertelli https://web.archive.org/web/20140107210517/http://www.firenzeonline.com/news/ultim-ora/mostre-lamore-di-piero-bertelli-per-la-forma.html Visited on 01/07/2014
Bronzi di Toscana di Piero Bertelli http://archivio.gonews.it/articolo_219987_Per-Piero-Bertelli-da-Montelupo-una-mostra-in-consiglio-regionale.html Visited on 01/07/2014
Di Bronzo e di Fuoco https://web.archive.org/web/20140107205124/http://www.agenziaaise.it/cultura/istitaliani-di-cultura/156209-qdi-bronzo-e-di-fuocoq-le-sculture-della-fonderia-marinelli-in-trasferta-a-los-angeles.html Consulted on 01/07/2014
Bronzi per Michelangelo https://web.archive.org/web/20140107204023/http://www.fashiondesignlab.com/02/bronzi_michelangelo_a_casa_buonarroti.asp Consulted on 01/07/2014
Bronzi per Michelangelo http://www.repubblica.it/speciali/arte/recensioni/2010/12/10/news/michelangelo_replicato_in_bronzo_una_favolosa_tourne_negli_usa-10046363/ Visited on 01/07/2014
Bronzi per Michelangelo http://www.casabuonarroti.it/it/2010/11/10/bronzi-per-michelangelo/ Consulted on 01/07/2014
Bronzi per Michelangelo http://www.exibart.com/profilo/eventiV2.asp?idelemento=97962 Consulted on 01/07/2014
Monumental Sculpture from Renaissance Florence: Ghiberti, Nanni di Banco and Verrocchio at Orsanmichele http://www.opificiodellepietredure.it/index.php?it/522/mostre Consulted on 01/07/2014
Pietà di Michelangelo a Casa Buonarroti http://www.lanazione.it/firenze/2007/04/10/4255-casa_buonarroti.shtml Visited on 01/07/2014
Pietà di Michelangelo a Casa Buonarroti http://www.artearti.net/magazine/articolo/La_replica_della_Pieta Visited on 01/07/2014
Giuseppe negli arazzi di Pontormo e Bronzino http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/artecultura/mostre/2010_Giuseppe/immagini-htm/battistero.htm Visited on 01/07/2014
Pietà di Michelangelo a Wally Findlay Galleries http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/news/entertainment/arts-theater/pieta-replica-centerpiece-of-wally-findlays-madonn/nMFDb/ Visited on 01/07/2014
Pietà di Michelangelo a St. Patrick's Old Cathedral NYC  Visited on 01/07/2014

External links
Articolo di pacereporter del 21/06/2011

Foundries
Metal companies of Italy
Companies based in Florence
Italian companies established in 1822
Manufacturing companies established in 1822


title: Baird of Bute Society

text:
The Baird of Bute Society recognizes and promotes the historical achievements of Andrew Blain Baird, the Bute blacksmith who on 17 September 1910, at Ettrick Bay on Bute, flew a plane of his own design and manufacture to record the First All-Scottish Heavier-than-air Powered Flight.

The Baird of Bute Society is focused on the advancement of education and information related to Andrew Blain Baird and his aviation and entrepreneurial activity and uses his inspirational example to inspire the youth of Scotland to aspire to greatness in their own lives. The Society strongly participates in the advancement of the arts, heritage, culture and science on the Isle of Bute and beyond.

What We Do

The Society employs the example of Andrew Baird to inspire the youth of Scotland to aspire to achievement in their own lives, through a series of inspiring programmes, scholarships and activities, including:

 The Scottish Aviation Award
 The Scottish Innovation Award
 Canadian Science Scholarship
 Leitch Space Scholarship
 Baird of Bute Aviation Day
 Lord Smith of Kelvin Lecture
 Scottish Young Achiever Award
 Inspiring Science Programme
 In-School Programmes
 Publishing articles.

Trustees

 Christopher Richard Markwell, Founder & Chair
 Prof. Eleanor Campbell FRS, Trustee & Vice-Chair
 Prof. Michael Russell MSP, Trustee
 Prof. Iain Gray CBE FRSE, Trustee
 Prof. Dugald Cameron OBE, DSc, DA, Trustee
 Craig Clark MBE, Trustee
 Isobel Strong, Trustee
 Joshua McFadden, Trustee
 J. S. Thom CA, Independent Examiner of Accounts

Patron
 Sir Stephen John Hillier KCB, CBE, DFC, ADC, MA

Awards

Baird of Bute Scottish Aviation Award

Baird of Bute Scottish Innovation Award

Scholarships

Baird of Bute Canadian Science Scholarship

This unique  two week Canadian Science Scholarship provides for up to three young people, from across Scotland, the opportunity to acquire experiences and skills to allow each to better succeed in their upcoming university studies. Centred in Toronto, the hands on "Bench to Bedside" programme is supported by University of Toronto, Ontario Science Centre, University Health Network, the Scottish Government and mentored by Cancer researcher Professor Patrick Gunning and bio-ethicist Professor Hazel Markwell.

Scottish Young Achiever Award
Awarded on occasion to recognise a young Scot who, through their unique  achievements, has brought honour to themselves and Scotland and by their example, inspires others to aspire to achievement in their lives.

William Leitch Space Scholarship
Named in honour of the 19th century Bute born scientist and clergyman, Dr. William Leitch, now credited as first to publish the theory that travel in space  was best undertaken with jet propulsion - decades before those earlier credited. Each year one graduate of the Strathclyde University Scottish Space School is selected to spend an internship at Scotland's own Clyde Space, one of the world's foremost manufacturers of cube satellites.

Lectures & Programmes

Lord Smith of Kelvin Lecture
This lecture is an annual open event with a Scottish perspective of interest on aviation and innovation topics delivered at University of Strathclyde in Glasgow by noted Scots who have previously been recipients of a Baird of Bute Society Scottish Award. It was established by the Society and the University to honour Lord Smith of Kelvin who was inaugural Patron of the Society and is Chancellor of the University.

Inspiring Science Programme
A unique visiting school programme presented in cooperation with Edinburgh University and led by Baird Society Vice Chair Professor Eleanor Campbell who is Chair of Chemistry at the university. She and a team of staff and graduate students visit secondary schools, in exurban communities, to discuss new scientific research, demonstrates chemistry in action and give students hands on experience and an opportunity to interact with the team on what studying science at the university level is like. Its STEM based outreach often extends into the participating  local community with mini science fairs and parent involvement.

Events

Annual Baird of Bute Festival of Flight
The annual "Baird of Bute Festival of Flight" takes place during the third weekend of September.

Baird Society's Tenth Anniversary Celebrations

As part of the 2019 Baird Awards and Celebration weekend, the Society was honoured to be joined by Scotland's First Minister Rt. Honourable Nicola Sturgeon at a Civic Reception in the Ilse of Bute Discovery Centre, honouring the tenth anniversary of Baird of Bute, where she said

Publications

References

External links
  The Baird of Bute Website
   The Baird of Bute Society Website

Isle of Bute
Charities based in Scotland
Organisations based in Argyll and Bute


title: Stefanina, Thessaloniki

text:
Stefanina () is a village and a community of the Volvi municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Arethousa, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 362 inhabitants in the village and 381 in the community. The community of Stefanina covers an area of 55.996 km2.

Administrative division
The community of Stefanina consists of two separate settlements:
Kato Stefanina (population 19)
Stefanina (population 362)
The aforementioned population figures are from the 2011 census.

See also
 List of settlements in the Thessaloniki regional unit

References

Populated places in Thessaloniki (regional unit)
Volvi (municipality)


title: Levizja Çohu

text:
Levizja Çohu (English: Get Up Movement) is to create a critical opinion and denouncing organized crime and corruption, increase citizen demand for accountability and institutional integrity of the functioning of the mutual control of powers (Checks and Balance). Corruption Organization for Democracy and Dignity - ÇOHU, founded in September 2005, for more than three years of its work has managed to become the leading organization and carrying activities in the sector of civil society in the fight against corruption and crime organized.

Despite the unfavorable environment completely to combat corruption in Kosovo, due to the attention of Albanians in terms of status and political and legal future of the state of Kosovo, ÇOHU ! has managed to create an identity and role in the field of combating corruption and organized crime, becoming a reference office not only in Kosovo but also abroad. Continuous ÇOHU ! gathers information, analyzes them, does research and reports, organizing campaigns, raising a constant pressure to the government in order to improve the rulership of the law. In Kosovo, a largely suppressed civic courage in the face of these problems, but the main cause of the lack of law rulership of political corruption and organized crime mixing in politics.

Some years since its founding ÇOHU, often has been a lone voice open public denunciation of individuals, groups and political leaders, that the background behind the " construction of the new state of Kosovo " have used the institutional weaknesses soon their enrichment and their clans. Unfortunately denunciation of ÇOHU ! corruption, organized crime and systematic violations of law by the rulers did not find the right answer from the authorities that they should be fighting.

Despite a totally unsuitable environment ÇOHU ! has created the capacity to have consistency with its activities by holding a very specific identity of an organization with tough critic in acting, but also the serious research that capture two crucial areas : a) the construction of a legal and institutional framework against corruption and b) investigative journalism in the field of public sector corruption

Activities
1. Office for Democratization and Public Integrity

Office for Public Integrity has Democratization and scope of activities to monitor the work of government and important projects for the country. This office was initially taken to monitor the work of government in every 100 days analyzing work processes important in different periods. The department recently has taken to monitor tenders in ministries with the biggest budget if the Organization was created database with relevant data. From this organization publishes analytical reports about spending public money, analyzing favored businesses and regions, as well as political influence in people spending public money.

2. Office of the Legal Adviser and Anti-Corruption Infrastructure

Through the Office of the Legal Advisor Monitoring and Anti-Corruption Legislation ÇOHU ! is a permanent participant in the working group for drafting the laws. Besides participation in working groups with the Assembly and other institutions, often ÇOHU ! requires cooperation with other organizations in exposing the weaknesses identified in the existing legislation and those that are under preparation.

An important part of this office is also contact with parties that have information and documents to report that the Office of the Legal Adviser of analyzes and reports to the Office of the Special Prosecutor, or other offices depending on the case.

3. Office of Privatization and Public Companies

Promoting good practice in the management of public assets, but also to identify ii corruption, conflict of interest and mismanagement, is a special part of the Organization. Experts in the field of organization, but also the cooperation with outside experts, who have often ÇOHU ! be carrying the debate about government policies, particularly in relation to public companies. ÇOHU ! has been the main actor in monitoring policies on public companies and therefore has continuously informed and aware of the Assembly. Result of a work of this office for the first time the Assembly rejected three times in succession the Government's strategy for the privatization of PTK request for further clarification, which has contributed to increase control over the executive in economic policy making.

4. Centre for Investigative Journalism

Seeing the lack of investment in the Kosovo media and independent investigative journalism, ÇOHU ! has established a reporting center for research and support for investigative journalists. Center for Investigative Journalism (Kosovo Center for Investigative Journalism - KCIJ) collaborates on a regular basis with dozens of journalists, and works actively with about ten of them in research especially economic topics and themes that are related to the management of public companies.

KCIJ BIMONTHLY publishes a supplement to the two largest daily newspapers, namely the " Daily Time " and " Voice ". Also, the center publishes a very specific kind of an online magazine with investigative reports and alternative viewpoints on the public sphere in general and particularly in the economic field (www.preportr.com). This center has an intensive collaboration with similar centers in the region, especially with the Romanian Center for Investigative Reporting, known as one of the most successful in Eastern Europe.

References

Organizations based in Kosovo
Organizations established in 2005


title: Werewolf diet

text:
The werewolf diet, also known as the lunar diet and the moon diet, is a fad diet that centers upon users fasting according to the lunar phases. This has prompted people to nickname the diet plan the "werewolf diet" as a result. Celebrities that have endorsed the diet include Demi Moore and Madonna.

The diet is typically performed in one of two fashions: the "basic moon plan" or the "extended version". The first plan is a variation of the juice cleanse in that individuals are only permitted to drink water and freshly squeezed fruit or vegetable juice. This is typically performed in a 24-hour period during either the full or new moon. The extended version requires the dieter to begin with the initial fast during the full moon and then follow a series of eating plans tailored to the various moon phases, such as not eating after 6 p.m. or eating less than normal.

Criticism
The werewolf diet has received some criticism due to its similarity to detox diets as a whole, with some physicians dismissing the diet as a fad diet. Criticisms include the diet's effectiveness in the long term, that it hasn't been scientifically proven, and that the weight loss could be attributed more to the low calorie intake as opposed to lunar shifts. Others have raised concerns over claims that individuals can lose six pounds in one day, as some nutritionists have said that there is "no solid evidence that anyone can lose six pounds in a day." They also questioned the diet's long term health risks. A member of the Women's Health advisory board commented that, while the moon had a limited effect on the human body, "the effect isn't so great that you should actually rethink the way you eat during different times of the month" and that "fasting isn't the smartest idea—it can set you up for binges—and the Werewolf Diet's claims that you can lose up to six pounds in a day simply aren't realistic".

References

American inventions
Diets
Fad diets
Obesity


title: Crois-moi ça durera

text:
"Crois-moi ça durera" is a 1962 hit song by Gilbert Bécaud, with lyrics by Pierre Delanoë. The lyrics begin "Crois-moi crois-moi ça durera, On s'aimera on s'aimera très fort."

The French original was covered by Isabelle Aubret, by Les 3 Ménestrels, by Les 6 de Paris (all 1962) and by Paul Piot et son Orchestre (1963). The French pianist Jean-Michel Damase arranged the song into a 22-minute piece for orchestra in 1968. Later covers included Nana Mouskouri.

English version "You'll See"
New English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel. The song was covered as "You'll See", in 1965 by Nat King Cole as the B-side of "Wanderlust". Nat King Cole also recorded the French original for Capitol France in 1965 for the 4-song EP Nat King Cole Chante En Français. The EP also contained "Je Ne Repartirai Pas (Love)" by Bert Kaempfert, Milt Gabler, and Jean Delleme		Rate, "Les Feuilles Mortes" by Joseph Kosma and Jacques Prévert and "Le Bonheur, C'est Quand On S'aime" by Georges Coulonges and Claude Henri Vic. In 1967 Nat King Cole's English B-side was released by Capitol Records on the posthumous collection The Beautiful Ballads. Bécaud himself recorded the English version "You'll See" on Monsieur Gilbert Bécaud.

References

1962 songs
Songs with music by Gilbert Bécaud
Songs written by Pierre Delanoë
Songs with lyrics by Norman Gimbel
Nat King Cole songs


title: Heidi Bucher

text:
Heidi Bucher (1926–1993) was a Swiss artist interested in exploring architectural space and the body through sculpture. She was born in Winterthur, Switzerland and attended the School for the Applied Arts in Zurich. Her work dealt primarily with private spaces, the body, domestication, and individual and collective experiences.

Early work
Bucher's early work was mainly focused on the body. In the early 1970s, she moved to Los Angeles. While there, she collaborated with her then-husband Carl Bucher on Landings to Wear and Bodyshells. The large-scale, wearable works blurred the boundary between sculpture and apparel, and they were featured on the cover of Harper's Bazaar.  An 8mm film shows the oversized foam "Bodyshells" in action on Venice Beach.  They were showcased in an exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Crafts (now the Museum of Art and Design) in New York City and exhibited at LACMA in April 1972.

Later work

Bucher became more interested in the body's relationship to space in her later work. In the mid-1970s she began experimenting with a new technique, in which she soaked gauze sheets in latex rubber, and used them to cast the interior surfaces of the rooms of her grandparents' house in Winterthur, Switzerland. These were then pulled off in sheets to create thin, skin-like casts of the space; she referred to these casts as "Skinnings." In 2017, she was selected to be part of the main exhibition at the 57th Venice Biennale, VIVA ARTE VIVA.

Solo exhibitions

 2018: Heidi Bucher, Parasol Unit, London, UK
 2016: Hommage à Heidi Bucher und Carl Bucher, Kulturort Galerie Weiertal, Winterthur, CH
 2014: Swiss Institute Contemporary Art, New York, USA
 2014: Alexander Gray Associates, New York, USA
 2013: Freymond-Guth Fine Arts, Zurich, CH
 2013: Centre Culturel Suisse, Paris, France
 2013: The Approach, London, UK
 2004: Heidi Bucher – Mother of Pearl, Migros Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Zurich, CH
 1995: Kunsthaus / Barlach Halle K, Hamburg, DE
 1993: Villa Bleuler, Galerie im Weissen Haus, Winterthur, CH
 1993: Und ziehen das Gestern ins Heute: Die Häute aus dem Bellevue Projekt, Kunstmuseum Thurgau, CH
 1983: Hauträume, Kunstmuseum Winterthur, CH
 1981: Räume sind Hüllen sind Häute, Galerie Maeght, Zurich, CH
 1979: Parketthaut / Herrenzimmer / Mobili, Galerie Maeght, Zurich, CH
 1979: L‘Objet préféré de l‘artiste, Galerie Numaga, Auvernier, CH
 1977: Einbalsamierungen, Borg, Galerie Maeght, Zurich, CH
 1973: Bodywrappings, Esther Bear Gallery, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
 1972: Bodyshells, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA, USA
 1971:  Soft Sculptures to wear, Museum of Contemporary Crafts (Happenings in conjunction with solo shows by Carl Bucher), New York, NY, USA
 1971: Musée d’Art Contemporain, Montréal (Happenings in conjunction with solo shows by Carl Bucher), CDN
 1958: Silkcollage, World House Galleries, New York, NY, USA
 1956: Collagen, Galerie Suzanne Feigel, Basel, CH

References

External links

 Official Website

1926 births
1993 deaths
20th-century Swiss women artists
20th-century Swiss sculptors
Contemporary sculptors
Swiss contemporary artists
Swiss women sculptors