title: Thunderbird (Holiday World)

text:
Thunderbird is a steel roller coaster in the Thanksgiving section of Holiday World & Splashin' Safari amusement park in Santa Claus, Indiana. Designed by Bolliger & Mabillard, the ride opened in 2015 as the eighth Wing Coaster in the world and the fourth in the United States.

Thunderbird is B&M's first launched coaster in sixteen years and their first launch coaster built in-house (The Incredible Hulk Coaster at Universal's Islands of Adventure uses a launch system supplied by the park). The Wing Coaster reaches a speed of  in 3.5 seconds and features the tallest vertical loop on a Wing Coaster. Thunderbird had its first test run on March 8, 2015 and opened to the public on April 25, 2015.

History
On July 24, 2014, Holiday World announced that they would be opening Thunderbird for the 2015 season. It would be the park's first major steel coaster, as well as the first launched wing coaster in the United States. Thunderbird would also be the first roller coaster at the park to go upside down. The track and supports began arriving at the park the following week. By October, the first two inversions were topped off. The new trains were shown off during IAAPA 2014. Then, the track layout was completed on December 2, 2014.

Thunderbird officially opened on April 25, 2015. Prairie Farms Dairy released an ice cream flavor called "Thunderbird" to advertise the new ride. This flavor was a combination of vanilla ice cream with a touch of caramel and more spicy, roasted pecans.

Ride experience
After loading in the station, the train moves forward and stops. Mist blows in front of the train and thunder sounds as the train launches from 0 to  in 3.5 seconds by linear synchronous motors. The train immediately goes into a  Immelmann loop. After the first element, the train then goes down its first drop into a  vertical loop, the tallest vertical loop on a Wing Coaster, surpassing Wild Eagle at Dollywood. After the vertical loop, the train crosses over the valley between The Voyage's second and third hills, goes through an overbanked turn, and then an overbanked elevated spiral in the mirrored direction. The train then goes through a zero-g-roll parallel to The Voyage. After several curves next to The Voyage's triple-down drop and spaghetti bowl, the train dips down into a barn (which is the keyhole) where it then curves left back into the barn by doing an inline twist, crossing over The Voyage's underground tunnels. Once the inline twist ends the train enters the brake run. From the brake run, the track makes a right turn to another set of brakes before entering the station. One cycle of the ride lasts about 1 minute and 18 seconds.

Characteristics

Location

Thunderbird is located in the Thanksgiving theme section of the park along with The Voyage and it runs parallel and crosses over The Voyage twice: after the vertical loop and during the  inline twist.

PGAV Destinations is the theming designer for Thunderbird. The designers took the Thunderbird name and coaster design and created a visual theme of the legendary bird’s powerful flight through farms and forests of southern Indiana.

Manufacturer
Thunderbird is a Wing Coaster model manufactured by Swiss roller coaster firm Bolliger & Mabillard. It is Holiday World & Splashin' Safaris first major steel roller coaster. Thunderbird is the eighth Wing Coaster to be built and the fourth in the United States, the others being X-Flight at Six Flags Great America, Wild Eagle at Dollywood and GateKeeper at Cedar Point. Thunderbird is the first Bolliger & Mabillard coaster to utilize an LSM launch. An earlier launched coaster, The Incredible Hulk roller coaster at Islands of Adventure, Universal Orlando, utilizes a pinch-wheel drive system that was designed exclusively for Universal Studios by Universal Creative.

Trains
Thunderbird operates with two open-air steel and fiberglass trains, each with five cars of four seats each, with two on each side of the track. Each train holds 20 riders and the ride has a capacity of about 1,140 riders per hour. Because the seats are on the side of the track, a cantilevered steel arm is used to support the wings.

Track
Thunderbird's steel track is  long and the tallest part of the ride is the first inversion, an Immelmann loop at .

Launch system
Every launch requires 2.5 megawatts of power, with the energy being stored in electric generators with two massive 24,000-pound flywheel assemblies. The launch system mechanics are located in a separate building known as Will Power. The name came from the park's former president Will Koch, who died in 2010.

Reception
Thunderbird was ranked in the Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards for best new ride of 2015 with 9.5% of the vote, to come in fifth place.

References

External links

Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
Roller coasters in Indiana


title: Spuul

text:
Spuul offers over-the-top content across web, mobile/tablets (iOS, Android), smart TVs, and Chromecast to stream and download feature-length movies, short films, and TV shows in Hindi, Punjabi, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, and other Indian regional languages. The service is available worldwide.

As of 2018, Spuul has also incorporated Live Indian, Nepali, Bangladeshi and Pakistani TV Channels in their offering while also providing users with an option to DVR and watch the earlier aired episodes of the shows.

As of early 2016, Spuul had a catalogue of over 1,000 films and TV shows, as well as partnerships across several production companies such as Yash Raj Films,  Balaji Telefilms, Shemaroo Entertainment, Viacom 18, Reliance Entertainment, Phantom Films, and UTV Motion Pictures.

In addition to a large selection of free movies, Spuul offers a premium subscription option in monthly, annual and multiple smaller packages, along with pay-per-view movies.

Spuul is headquartered in Singapore, with an office in Mumbai.

Spuul Blog provides news and gossip for movie buffs to read.

Reviews
According to a review by PCQuest, “Overall, the experience was pretty good and we can say the app is quite the right destination for movie fanatics.”

History
Spuul was founded in 2012 by Sudesh Iyer, S. Mohan, and Subin Subaiah. Sudesh Iyer founded Sony Entertainment TV in India and serves as Spuul's chairman; S. Mohan founded Accellion, buUuk and other tech companies and is currently the COO. Subin Subaiah has worked in banking across several companies such as Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered, and currently serves as Spuul CEO.

References

External links

2012 establishments in Maharashtra
Companies of Singapore
Internet properties established in 2012
Video on demand services


title: Claud Farie

text:
Claud Farie, sometimes spelled Claude Farie (5 December 1816 – 22 August 1870) was sheriff and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

Early life
Farie was born in Farme, near Glasgow, Scotland, the son of James Farie and his wife Jane, née Scott.

Colonial Australia
Farie arrived in the Port Phillip District in January 1840. He was made Sheriff of Victoria on 2 November 1852.

In April 1854, Farie was elected to the unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for Villiers and Heytesbury. He held this position until resigning in October 1855.

Farie was inspector-general of penal establishments in 1869; captain commanding the Southern Rifles (formerly Prahran and South Yarra Rifle Corps) 1863–1869 and Pentridge Rifle Corps in 1869. He was also president of the Melbourne Club in 1854.

Farie died at his residence in Coburg, Victoria on 22 August 1870; he had married Jane Cox on 18 December 1845 in Launceston, Tasmania.

References

1816 births
1870 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Sheriffs of Victoria (state)
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
Politicians from Glasgow
19th-century Australian politicians


title: Baljunso

text:
Baljunso (; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean indie label founded in 1991 by Kang Byung-yong, former director of CAN Entertainment. Baljunso was acquired by SM Entertainment in 2014.

History
Baljunso, an indie label, was established in 1991 by Kang Byung-yong, the former CEO of Can Entertainment, who discovered many artists such as Kim Jong-seo, Jang Hye-jin, Park Sang-min, and Can. Kang stated that the establishment of the record label is to revive hip-hop and band music associated with non-mainstream music genres rather than the idol music form that has been the foundation of influential K-pop. SM Entertainment invested in the label to emphasize the variety of K-pop and globalize the industry. It then became an affiliate label of SM establishing local and international distribution, marketing, and further businesses for the company. On February 26, 2014, SM announced that the label would hold a launching ceremony called Baljunso World Wide Promotion on March 8 at Mapo District, Seoul, and will be broadcast live through SM Town's official YouTube channel, Genie, and Ustream. The label announced that they would debut Play the Siren, an urban music group that plays diverse genres of music based on rap. On January 21, 2015, Baljunso reported that Jang Hye-jin signed a contract with the label and planned a new song to be released on January 26.

Artists
All names listed are adapted from Baljunso's artist page on its official website.

 HLIN
 Wasted Johnnys
 Sinchon Tigers

Former artists

 Play the Siren (2014–2015)
 Jang Hye-jin (2015–2016)

References

External links
  (Archived)

South Korean independent record labels
Record labels established in 1991
1991 establishments in South Korea
SM Entertainment subsidiaries


title: List of Brazilian films of 1985

text:
A list of films produced in Brazil in 1985:

See also
1985 in Brazil
1985 in Brazilian television

References

External links
Brazilian films of 1985 at the Internet Movie Database

Brazil
1985
Films


title: Poverty in Cyprus

text:
Poverty in Cyprus is not well documented, yet is still considered a major problem by the Cypriot government. Due to strong kinship bonds among extended families, poverty in Cyprus primarily affects those outside kinship networks, such as immigrants, divorcees and singles from small families. One study found a strong correlation between increased poverty and small family size. Poverty is also more likely to affect the elderly than the young, as a result of income to pensions raising the dependency levels.

Statistical indicators and historical trend
A report from the late 1990s (based on the Family Expenditure Survey of 1996–97) found that the Gini coefficient (which indicates income distribution) for Cyprus was about 0.36, and that the most vulnerable groups included the chronically ill, retirees, poorly educated people, and housewives (widows).

Poverty and social exclusion in Cyprus have changed significantly following Cyprus' entry into the European Union in 2004. According to Eurostat, people "at risk of poverty" or social exclusion in Cyprus accounted for approximately 23–27%, roughly aligned with the EU average of about 23–26% in the measured period (2004–2012). In 2010, 16% of the population were part of households with income below €10,189 per adult capita, corresponding to 60% of the median income per adult capita. People living in severe material deprivation comprised about 10% of the population.

Living condition and deprivation indicators are set measurements of poverty. Objectively, basic commodities of material hardship, housing standards, and financial misfortune can hurt a family. Other symptoms of the economy, standards of living, or life satisfaction, play a role in how the household income is used. As a result of the toll that these specific indicators take on a family, that renders "social exclusion" relevant as well, by restricting the family's ability to develop. The EU formed the Social Protection Committee for this purpose for safeguarding inclusion, as shown in dataset Euro-25.

A 2013 study by Koutsampelas and Polycarpou noted that "Poverty [in Cyprus], according to all indices, falls between 2009 and 2012. However, it increases considerably in 2013 (13.1%–32.9%) and thereafter it stabilizes at rather high levels". Following the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, predictions were made that poverty in Cyprus will significantly worsen, but as of 2014 no conclusive evidence has supported this. The number of people living in severe material deprivation rose to 15%, though the at-risk rate actually dropped from 15.9% in 2008 to 14.7% in 2012.

Unemployment in Cyprus rose from 3.7% in 2008 to 15.9% in 2013, and youth unemployment reached a record 32% that year. The long-term unemployment rate rose more than sevenfold from 0.5% in 2008 to 3.6% in 2012.

Reasons for poverty
One of the cited reasons for poverty in Cyprus is a lack of education, though educational attainment in Cyprus has been rising to surpass the EU average, and therefore the educational attainment issue should become less relevant. Another factor, affecting the elderly, were inadequate pensions for private sector retirees; a 1980 pension reform has produced an as-yet immature system, which is expected to generate higher pension payments in years to come. On the other hand, child poverty in Cyprus has been relatively low.

Government attitude
With a boost in the economy, following recession in 2003, Cyprus is applying time to lowering the public's debt in the GDP, from 70.3% in 2004 to under 60% by 2007.

The level of poverty can be related to the topic of income and living conditions, for that can measure the standing of a household or an individual to point out the inequalities that underlie a society. Although there are no statistics showing how many people are below the poverty line, 42.3% of the population are dependent on someone, whether youth or elderly. There are also 28.9% “at risk of poverty” as of 2015 that continues to be affected with the need for money grows. The highest at risk of poverty are the elderly, for the difference in income to pensions is greatly exaggerated, that they are forced to be dependent on their working family.

Cyprus illustrates a growing need for welfare every year because unemployment rates continue to increase, i.e. 2013 with 14.8% to 16% in 2014. On 10 July 2014, the Cypriot government established the guaranteed minimum income through the approval of House of Representatives, which allows a monthly allowance as a helping hand. This changed the prior Public Assistance that spread resources too thin, and to those that were no longer in need of the resources provided. Although the GMI would be accessible "for all citizens", as said by President Nicos Anastasiades, it would be received through a means-test. These terms of a fixed minimum income aided in the issue of unemployment, and has created a downward trend from 15% to 13%, following suit across the EU.

References

Notes

Bibliography


title: Exploration Upper Stage

text:
The Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) is a rocket stage under development that will be used for future flights of NASA's Space Launch System (SLS). Used on SLS Block 1B and Block 2, it will replace the SLS Block 1's Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage. The stage will be powered by four RL10C-3 engines burning liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen to produce a total thrust of .  The EUS is expected to first fly on Artemis 4 in 2028.

Development
The Block 1 configuration of SLS, which first flew the Artemis 1 mission, has a core stage powered by four RS-25 engines, two Space Shuttle-derived five-segment solid rocket boosters, and an Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) upper stage.

NASA will develop the EUS to increase SLS performance for trans-lunar injection beyond Block 1 specifications. The improved upper stage was originally named the Dual Use Upper Stage (DUUS, pronounced "duce"), but was later renamed the Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) due to DUUS sounding like a profanity in Japanese.

In 2014, NASA announced that it would proceed with development of Block 1B with the EUS and would use it on the now cancelled Exploration Mission 2, now referred to as Artemis 2. In April 2016, it was reported that NASA has chosen to use a design based on four RL10-C3 engines for the EUS, and in October 2016 NASA confirmed they had ordered 10 of the engines.

In 2018, it was decided to optimize EUS for payload to lunar missions, by using smaller tanks.

By February 2020, the development contract for EUS had been delayed, and NASA was planning to use ICPS for the first three launches of the SLS.

Boeing announced on 21 December 2020 that the Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) of the SLS completed a critical design review (CDR) with NASA. That review confirmed the design of the EUS, allowing Boeing to proceed with development of the stage, including hardware fabrication.

In March 2022, Boeing revealed plans for an all-composite variant of the EUS, as well as the successful results of pressure tests done on a prototype. The variant was projected to save enough mass to increase the SLS's trans-lunar injection performance by 30 percent.

Funding history

See also
 Delta Cryogenic Second Stage
 Earth Departure Stage

Notes

References

Space Launch System
Rocket stages


title: EPower Engine Systems

text:
ePower Engine Systems, llc. is a developer of hybrid electric drive train technology for Class 8 trucks. It was issued US Patent 8,783,396 on July 22, 2014 encompassing their drive train technology. ePower is in the final stages of its Research and Development of a diesel electric kit for rebuilding older Class 8 trucks. The kit consists of a road-certified diesel engine, batteries, electric motor and an automatic transmission from major manufacturers.

Technique
ePower Engine Systems' technique is to have a diesel generator drive an electric motor and utilize an automatic transmission to drive the wheels of large Class 8 trucks (called semi trucks in the USA). Batteries are used to store additional power needed to climb grades and recharged either by the genset or regenerative braking. The diesel engine being used is about 1/2 the size of a normal engine found in one of these trucks. Therefore, the diesel consumption is about thirty to forty percent less than a normal truck. The company is currently experimenting with an Eaton 10-speed transmission and Super capacitors.  The Cummins diesel engine, Marathon generator and Marathon electric motor remain as in prior versions of the kit.

References

External links
 Official website

Bloomberg Businessweek Company Overview for ePower Engine Systems LLC

Rich Piellesch, Fleets and Fuel, "Ten More Axion PbC Packs for ePower",  July 15, 2013
World Industrial Reporter, "Class 8 Heavy Trucks to be Powered by Locomotive Technology", October 1, 2013
TheTrucker.com, ePower Engine Systems to debut hybrid drive train technology", 3/28/2011

Hybrid electric vehicles


title: Rosefin shiner

text:
The rosefin shiner (Lythrurus ardens) is a species of fish native to the United States. The fish is omnivorous and lives in freshwater rivers and creeks in Virginia, North Carolina and West Virginia.

Description
The fish has a long and slender body. It also has eight dorsal fin-rays, anywhere from nine to eleven anal fin-rays, thirteen to fourteen pectoral fin-rays and eight pelvic fin-rays. The fish has a dark spot of pigment at the base of its first few dorsal-fins, which distinguishes Lythrurus ardens from similar looking fish in its habitat. In addition, the fish has a stripe that fades as it approaches the dorsa fin and several bands of coloration across the back of the fish.

Habitat
The fish lives throughout Virginia, North Carolina and West Virginia. The range of the fish is believed to have been accidentally increased when it was used as bait and escaped into the natural environment. For example, the fish is believed to have been introduced to the York River in Virginia this way.

It lives in freshwater pools rivers and creeks. The fish prefers clear and turbid water. It is largely absent from streams with trout in them. In winter, the fish tends to live in deeper and less noisy waters.

Behavior
The fish is an omnivore. It consumes chironomids, mayflies, aquatic insects, dipterans, and plants.

The fish reproduces through spawning in fast-moving waters. They tend to stay in these waters until winter. The fish lays eggs during the same time and often the same nest as the longear sunfish. The two fish species work together to defend the nest from predators.

Conservation status
The fish is believed to have a generally stable population. It has a large habitat range and population. In addition, there are no major threats to its survival. Due to these factors, the fish is not believed to be at risk of extinction.

References

Lythrurus
Fish described in 1868
Freshwater fish of the United States
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope


title: Communist bandit

text:
"Communist bandit" () is an anti-communist epithet directed at members of the Chinese Communist Party. The term originated from the Nationalist Government in 1927. Nowadays outside mainland China, some Chinese people use the term "中共" (literally "Chinese Communist") to refer to Communist China or the Chinese Communist Party. It could also be translated to the English term "commie".

Etymology
The characters for "Communist bandits" are composed as follows:
 Gòng () is a shorter writing for the term meaning "communism" (共產主義).
 Fěi (), "bandits"

History
The term of "Communist bandits" to describe the Chinese Communist Party was began in the tumultuous years of the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and the Communists. On July 15, 1947, Document 0744 ordered the Communist Party and its forces to be called "Communist bandits" as a form of rectification of names, to the exclusion of all other terms, such as "Red bandits" (in Chinese 赤匪). Along with the term fei, the term was used in official documents to describe the authorities established on Mainland China and their agencies, and in several slogans such as "Fight against Communist Bandit's Animalistic Life". In the 1980s, the term was replaced by "Chinese Communist Authorities".

The term is used today as an insult against the PRC, their sympathizers or just chinese mainlanders, particularly by Taiwanese independentists and Republic of China supporters.  In 1996, Microsoft halted sales of its Windows 95 operating system in mainland China due to discoveries that it contained the term in Chinese-language input method software bundled with the operating system following police raids on computer stores. In addition, the term is also used towards non-Chinese communists or communist-governed countries, such as Yuenán gòngfei (, directed at Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese people), or   Běihán gòngfei (, directed at Workers' Party of Korea and the North Koreans).

In May 2020, it became known that YouTube had been deleting any use of the term since October 2019. Comments containing the phrase would disappear without a given reason shortly after being posted. Alphabet, owner of YouTube, said the removal of such comments was "an error".

Popular culture
There is a pastry shop in Chiayi, Taiwan named 共匪餅 meaning "Communist Bandit Pastries” which makes light of the martial law era epithet.

See also
Mandarin Chinese profanity against Communists
Communization
Communist society
Communist Party of the Republic of China

References

Anti-communism in China
Anti-communist terminology
Mandarin words and phrases
White Terror (Taiwan)


title: Santa Rosa de Viterbo meteorite

text:
The Santa Rosa de Viterbo Meteorite was found in 1810, in the Tocavita Hill, near the town that holds the same name in the north central area of Boyacá, Colombia.

History

In early 1810, on a Holy Saturday, a woman named Cecilia Corredor found the meteorite near the town in the Tocavita Hill. It was moved to the urban center of Santa Rosa de Viterbo, where it served as an anvil in the town's iron foundry for a long time. On 8 September 1877, the  town's mayor had the meteorite placed on a stone column and exhibited in the town's central park. During the presidency  of Rafael Reyes Prieto, the meteorite was moved to Bogotá and was divided into two pieces; one piece was placed in the National Museum of Colombia and the other in foreign museums. Jesuits later found three more fragments of the same meteorite.

Specimens
When the meteorite was first removed from Santa Rosa de Viterbo's main plaza and taken to Bogotá, it was divided into two pieces. One piece, weighing 411 kilograms, remained in Bogotá and was placed at the National Museum of Colombia, where it remains, while the other was taken abroad to be displayed in other museums. The other fragments found are curated mainly at the Pontifical Xavierian University, the National University of Colombia, and La Salle University.

References

External links

 Astrolabio.phipages.com

Geography of Boyacá Department


title: Chuaña (Lari)

text:
Chuaña (possibly from Aymara for oozing of water and other liquids / melting of metals and other things) is a mountain in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Arequipa Region, Caylloma Province, Lari District. Chuaña lies north of Quehuisha and Mismi and west of Pucara. The lake Carhuacocha (possibly from Quechua for "yellowish lake") lies at its feet.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Arequipa Region


title: Super Music Group

text:
Super Music Group is a Miami, Florida based artist management company and record label. The company was founded in 2010 by Derek Walin and Brandon Kessler. In 2013 partners Aramis Lorie and Jake Jefferson, of Miami's Poplife Entertainment joined the firm.

They specialize in the management of recording artists, DJs, and record producers.

Their current management roster includes:
 Amtrac
 Ape Drums
 DJ Craze (3 Time DMC World DJ Champion - only person to win 3X in a row)
 DJ DZA
 Durante
 Helado Negro
 Luces
 Promnite
 Projexx
 Silent Addy
 Steven A. Clark

In 2014, Super Music Group was named Miami's Best Record Label by the Miami New Times

In 2015, Billboard reported that dance music star Kaskade and his longtime manager Little Empire Music had acquired a minority ownership stake in Super Music Group.“It became apparent that not only do we have like-minded taste in music, but that these guys deliver at every possible opportunity," said Kaskade. “They’re a talented group of executives that operate like a close-knit family alongside their inspired roster of artists," added Little Empire founder Stephanie LaFera. "I’m excited to go deeper into business with Super and to grow with one another.”

Super Music Group has been featured in style.com, Ocean Drive Magazine, and Miami New Times.

References

Music companies of the United States


title: Jamie Kastner

text:
Jamie Kastner is a Canadian writer, director and documentary filmmaker based in Toronto, Canada. His company, Cave 7 Productions, produces both theatrical and television productions.  Kastner is best known for his feature documentaries, including There Are No Fakes, which premiered at Hot Docs in 2019, The Skyjacker's Tale (2016)  and The Secret Disco Revolution, both of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.

Career
Jamie Kastner is a member of a family of filmmakers. He is the nephew of  actor Peter Kastner and filmmaker John Kastner. Kastner's grandmother, Rose, served as an associate producer on several of John Kastner's films, while his mother, Susan Kastner, was involved in the production of several of Jamie Kastner's films as a researcher. Kastner's wife Laura Baron Kastner is producer and business partner at Cave 7 Productions. Kastner worked as an associate producer and researcher on several of John Kastner's films, including 1997's Hunting Bobby Oatway.

Jamie Kastner's films explore such topics as pop culture, political and social issues, crime and identity. His first documentary was Free Trade Is Killing My Mother (2003), a black comedy about protest. Films such as Djangomania! (2005), Kike Like Me (2007) and Recessionize! For Fun and Profit! (2011). employ both comedy and a first-person, road movie format.Kike Like Me, which follows Kastner as he travels to several countries exploring the notion of modern Jewish identity, premiered at HotDocs in 2007. The film won the Audience Award at Munich Dokfest and was shortlisted for the Grierson Award in 2008.

Kastner has also worked as a producer and writer on several television series, as a newspaper reporter and features writer, playwright, critic and television host.

In 2017, The Harold Greenberg Fund supported the adaptation of The Skyjacker's Tale into a dramatic feature film, titled, The Skyjacker's Son, with Kastner as screenwriter.

Filmography
 Free Trade Is Killing My Mother (2003)
 Djangomania! (2005)
 Kike Like Me (2007)
 Ancestors in the Attic (2010, TV series; episode "Slavery Roots")
 Recessionize! For Fun and Profit! (2011)
 The Secret Disco Revolution (2012)
 The Skyjacker's Tale (2016)
D-Day in 14 Stories (2019)
 There Are No Fakes (2019)

Awards

References

External links

Canadian documentary film directors
Canadian male screenwriters
Screenwriters from Toronto
Film directors from Toronto
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jewish Canadian filmmakers
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
21st-century Canadian male writers


title: Eres Mía

text:
"Eres Mía" ("You Are Mine") is a song performed and written by American singer Romeo Santos for his second studio album Formula, Vol. 2 (2014). Sony Music Latin released the song as the fourth single from Formula, Vol. 2.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

See also
List of Billboard number-one Latin songs of 2014

References

2014 singles
Bachata songs
Romeo Santos songs
Songs written by Romeo Santos
Spanish-language songs
Sony Music Latin singles
2014 songs
Number-one singles in the Dominican Republic


title: Burnt (film)

text:
Burnt is a 2015 American drama film directed by John Wells and written by Steven Knight, from a story by Michael Kalesniko. The film stars an ensemble cast including Bradley Cooper, Sienna Miller, Omar Sy, Daniel Brühl, Matthew Rhys, Riccardo Scamarcio, Alicia Vikander, Uma Thurman and Emma Thompson. The film was released on October 30, 2015, by The Weinstein Company. The film was not well received by critics and grossed $36.6 million.

Plot
Adam Jones was the chef at a high-class Parisian restaurant owned by his mentor Jean-Luc, until his drug use and temperamental behavior destroyed his career and the restaurant. In the aftermath, Adam went into self-imposed exile in New Orleans by shucking a million oysters to sober up, planning to head to London to restart his career and attempt to earn a third Michelin star.

In London, Adam searches for old colleagues, beginning with his mentor's former maître d'hôtel, Tony Balerdi, now a hotel manager of The Langham Hotel in London, under the ownership of the Balerdi family. Adam checks into one of The Langham's rooms then visits an old friend, Conti, and notes the talent of his sous-chef Helene, but she dislikes his arrogance and dismisses him immediately. A Paris colleague, Michel, whose restaurant Adam had sabotaged out of jealousy, tracks him down. After a brief fistfight, they talk and Michel forgives Adam then asks to work for him. Adam also visits a cutting-edge eatery run by Reece, with whom he has a long-standing rivalry, and the visit ends poorly. Adam's former drug dealer realizes he has returned to Europe and attempts to collect Adam's outstanding debt.

Adam convinces famed restaurant critic Simone to dine at Tony's hotel. Tony realizes that Adam set this up and is reluctant to let him cook, but his kitchen is in such poor condition it would result in Simone shutting his restaurant down. Seeing no other way, he allows Adam to cook. Simone's favorable review convinces Tony to renovate the hotel's kitchen and hire Adam as head chef permanently. He stipulates that Adam must submit to weekly drug tests with Tony's psychiatrist Dr. Rosshilde. Adam agrees to the tests, although he is uninterested in therapy and throws himself into preparations for the grand opening. Another old friend, Max, joins Adam's team after being released from prison. Helene rebuffs further job offers until Conti fires her and sends her to Adam's kitchen. Helene is irate about being fired, but Adam convinces her to work for him by tripling her salary.

Opening night is a disaster, and Adam furiously closes early, blaming Helene. He publicly humiliates her, escalating from verbal to physical aggression, and she quits. Tony convinces Helene to return with a doubled salary and some insight about Adam's behavior. Adam goes on a talk show that he previously turned down to drum up publicity for the restaurant. At his second opening, a restaurant critic gives a positive review, enraging Reece. Adam improves his attitude, but refuses Helene's request for time off for her daughter Lily's birthday. Later, he notices his kitchen acting in a strange manner. Helene reveals that her daughter is at the restaurant under Tony's supervision, since she did not want to spend her birthday at home. Adam is upset, but relents and bakes Lily a birthday cake, which impresses Helene.

With the restaurant's reputation established, Adam sets his sights on three Michelin stars, still avoiding his drug dealer, even after Tony offers to pay off his debt. Adam takes Helene to the reopening of Reece's restaurant. Adam and Reece are civil, but the night derails when Adam spots his ex-girlfriend Anne Marie, the daughter of Jean-Luc. Adam finds Anne Marie surprisingly forgiving after he abandoned her in Paris and missed her father's funeral. The encounter leaves Adam shaken and introspective about his failure in Paris. Early the next morning, Helene finds him at the fish market where they kiss in the alley behind The Langham on the way back to the restaurant. They are interrupted by the drug dealer's thugs, who take Adam away. He returns that night during dinner service beaten and bruised.

Kaitlin, the front of house host, advises Tony that two Michelin reviewers have arrived, and he cooks for them rather than going to the hospital. They send their meals back as it's too spicy, and Michel reveals he sabotaged the sauce with cayenne pepper as revenge for Adam's past cruelty before walking out. On the verge of a breakdown, Adam leaves the restaurant.

He wanders the city, eventually arriving at Reece's restaurant drunk. Once inside, he begins to break down emotionally. Reece soothes him, and they part on better terms the following morning. Adam attends a group therapy session, then returns to the hotel, where he learns that Anne Marie has paid off his debt. She gives him her father's knives and tells him that she approves of Helene. Tony and Helene find Adam in his hotel room, and Tony tells him that the two men they assumed were Michelin inspectors were actually just businessmen on a trip. Adam rejoices at getting a second chance and kisses Tony out of gratitude.

Adam admits his insecurities to Helene, and she comforts him by telling him that he needs to trust his crew. She tends to his wounds and they share a kiss, their relationship rekindled.

Adam returns to the kitchen to prepare for the Michelin inspectors' meals; when Tony asks him what they will do, Adam says that the whole kitchen will do it together as a team. As a result of increased teamwork in the kitchen and Adam's new attitude, the restaurant receives its third star.

The final scene is of Adam enjoying a family meal with the rest of the crew, which he had refused to do earlier, showing that they are his new family.

Cast

 Bradley Cooper as Adam Jones
 Sienna Miller as Helene Sweeney
 Omar Sy as Michel
 Daniel Brühl as Tony Balerdi
 Riccardo Scamarcio as Max
 Sam Keeley as David
 Alicia Vikander as Anne Marie
 Matthew Rhys as Montgomery Reece
 Uma Thurman as Simone
 Emma Thompson as Dr. Rosshilde
 Lily James as Sara
 Sarah Greene as Kaitlin
 Henry Goodman as Conti
 Stephen Campbell Moore as Jack
 Lexie Benbow-Hart as Lily
 Charlotte Hawkins as TV Presenter

Jamie Dornan played the part of Leon Sweeney but his scenes were deleted.

Production

Development
In 2013, John Wells was set to direct a cooking comedy film, then titled Chef, with Bradley Cooper signed to star as a former Paris chef, Adam Jones. Sienna Miller signed as lead actress.

Omar Sy, Jamie Dornan, Emma Thompson, Daniel Brühl, Alicia Vikander and Lily James were also set to star in the film. Dornan's appearance was later removed due to cuts and adjustments in the storyline and Lily James's role revealed to be a cameo. Dornan's scenes were added to the home release.

In July 2014, it was reported that the film's title had been changed from Chef to Adam Jones, to avoid confusion with Jon Favreau's film Chef. Uma Thurman joined the cast around this time. According to Deadline Hollywood, as of July 28, 2014, Weinstein was calling the film Untitled John Wells project, until they could decide on a better title. On August 7, 2014, Matthew Rhys was added to the cast, playing chef Jones' rival, Reece. In July 2015, it was announced that the film had been retitled Burnt.

The film was executive produced by celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay.

Filming
Principal photography on the film began July 23, 2014, in New Orleans, Louisiana, filming for two days. Production then moved to London and West London Film Studios.

Post-production
On October 2, 2014, Nick Moore was hired for the film editing job. During editing of the film, Jamie Dornan's scenes were cut from the finished version.

Marketing
The first poster, with the new title Burnt, was released on August 7, 2015. Cooper introduced a sneak peek of the film on the Today show on August 10, 2015. The Weinstein Company released the teaser trailer on August 14, 2015. On September 21, 2015, the first international trailer was released. On September 28, 2015, producers released the first full-length trailer for the film and on October 29, 2015, released a clip featuring Vikander and Cooper online.

Release
The film was scheduled to be released on October 2, 2015, but in July 2015, The Weinstein Company moved the release date to October 23, 2015. The plan then was to give the film a limited release on October 23, 2015, before a wide release on October 30, 2015. However, they cancelled the limited release plan and immediately released the film nationwide, on October 30, 2015.

Reception

Box office
Burnt grossed $13.7 million in the United States, and $23 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $36.6 million, against a budget of $20 million.

The film opened on October 30, 2015, alongside Our Brand Is Crisis and Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse, was projected to gross $7–9 million from 3,003 theaters in its opening weekend. However, it only ended up grossing $5 million, finishing sixth at the box office, and marking the second straight underperforming opener for Cooper, following Aloha ($9.7 million opening against its $37 million budget). In it second weekend the film made $2.9 million, finishing seventh.

Critical response
Burnt received negative reviews from critics, who praised Cooper's performance but derided the script and storytelling. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 28%, based on 159 reviews, with an average rating of 4.90/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Burnt offers a few spoonfuls of compelling culinary drama, but they're lost in a watery goulash dominated by an unsavory main character and overdone clichés." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 42 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.

Justin Chang of Variety praised Cooper's performance but was critical of the script: "Steven Knight’s script pours on the acid but holds the depth, forcing its fine actors (including Sienna Miller and Daniel Bruhl) to function less as an ensemble than as a motley sort of intervention group."

References

External links

2015 films
2015 LGBT-related films
American LGBT-related films
2010s English-language films
2010s French-language films
2015 comedy-drama films
American comedy-drama films
LGBT-related comedy-drama films
2015 multilingual films
Cooking films
Lesbian-related films
Films about food and drink
Films about chefs
Films directed by John Wells
Films scored by Rob Simonsen
Films set in London
Films set in Paris
Films set in restaurants
Films shot in London
Films shot in Paris
Films with screenplays by Steven Knight
3 Arts Entertainment films
The Weinstein Company films
American multilingual films
2010s American films


title: University of Maryland, Baltimore County Centers and Institutes

text:
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) features a variety of research centers and institutes both based on the campus and affiliated with other academic institutions. These centers and institutes listed below seek out to expand their research, educate, and promote partnerships between the university and the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area and beyond.

Research centers

Alex. Brown Center for Entrepreneurship

The Alex. Brown Center for Entrepreneurship was established in Spring 2000 through a donation of $1 million from The Alex. Brown Foundation. The Brown Center hosts two major events at UMBC: : The Cangialosi Business Innovation Competition in the spring, and UMBC's Idea Competition in the fall. The center administers an Entrepreneurship Minor as well as other academic services.

Center for Advanced Sensor Technology

The Center for Advanced Sensor Technology derived from faculty of the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute. CAST focuses on the development of sensing technologies: the chemistries, methods, systems and devices used in measuring various substances of interest to biotechnology, medicine, the environment, and homeland security.

Center for Advanced Studies in Photonics Research

The Center for Advanced Studies in Photonics Research (CASPR) fosters advanced photonics research and technology development in the areas of optical communications, optical sensing and devices, nanophotonics, biophotonics, and quantum optics in order to benefit government, industry and scientific progress.

Center for Art, Design & Visual Culture

The Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture (CADVC) was established in 1989 as the Fine Art Gallery at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. The center is the university's prime exhibition location where students, professors, staff and the public can experience visual culture along with cultural and aesthetic issues.

Center for Space Science and Technology

The Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) is the administrative unit for the university's participation in the CRESST (Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology) consortium with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The University of Maryland College Park (UMCP) and the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) are partners in the center's consortium.

Center for Urban Environmental Research & Education

The Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education (CUERE) was created in 2001 with support from the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The facility is located in the Technology Research Center on the campus of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in Baltimore, Maryland, allowing for opportunities for UMBC students and faculty. The center's focus is primarily on the relationship between natural and socioeconomic processes that occur in urban environments. CUERE's location allows for ample research opportunities in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area.

Center for Women in Technology

The Center for Women In Technology (CWIT) was established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in July 1998 to provide leadership in achieving women's full participation in all aspects of information technology. The center's original name was the "Center for Women and Information Technology", and it was founded to encourage women as both developers of information technology and to women's experiences as users of IT. The original CWIT site included a large number of resources and links and served as a clearinghouse about women and information technology. This work included focusing on K-12 education as well as supporting university students, and work force advancement and retention.

Dresher Center for the Humanities

The James T. and Virginia M. Dresher Center for the Humanities promotes interdisciplinary research and scholarship in the humanities among faculty, students and visiting scholars at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Founded in 1996, the Dresher Foundation has expanded its research mission in order to bring national attention to UMBC's impressive achievements in the humanities.http://dreshercenter.umbc.edu/about-us/

Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center

The Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST) was created in 2000 when NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) awarded a Cooperative Agreement to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, to create a center of excellence in the Earth sciences. The center works with a variety of partners such as Hampton University, Howard University, Caelum Research Corporation, and Northrop Grumman Corporation in order to develop collaborative research programs in all areas of the Earth sciences.

Imaging Research Center

Founded in 1989, the Imaging Research Center (IRC) uses an entrepreneurial approach to leveraging new technologies and emerging media platforms to create connections between knowledge and people. IRC activities include research in 3D visualization, immersive technologies, interactive installations, feature-length films, social media, and mobile device applications.

Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology

The Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) operates under a cooperative agreement between the University of Maryland, Baltimore County and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).  The center partners with Goddard to develop new technology for environmental remote sensing.

Eunice Kennedy and Sargent Shriver Center

The Shriver Center was created in December 1993 in honor of the life‚ work of Eunice Kennedy Shriver and Sargent Shriver in order to focus in an integrated way, the resources of the colleges and universities of Greater Baltimore on pressing urban issues of the region. The center works alongside the Career Services Center as a hub for student career development related to internships, co-ops, and research opportunities. Other features include the Shriver Peaceworkers Fellow Program, service learning, scholar programs, scholarships, and career counseling.

UMBC Center for Cybersecurity

The UMBC Center for Cybersecurity is an interdisciplinary university center that unifies the university's cybersecurity capabilities. The center provides both Maryland and the nation with academic and research leadership, collaboration, innovation, and outreach in this critical discipline by streamlining academic, research, workforce development, and technology incubation activities.

The Center for Cybersecurity offers a concentration in Information Assurance Concentration for undergraduate students pursuing a degree in Information Systems. In addition, the center offers a M.P.S. in Cybersecurity and a certificate in Cybersecurity Strategy and Policy.

Institutes

Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute

Founded in May 2011, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) awarded a Cooperative Agreement to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, to create a science center for collaborative research in Solar-Planetary Sciences at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. UMBC partners with the University of Maryland College Park and American University in an effort to develop collaborative research programs in all areas of the Heliophysics sciences.

The Hilltop Institute

The Hilltop Institute at UMBC is a nonpartisan research organization dedicated to improving the health and wellbeing of people and communities. Hilltop conducts cutting-edge data analytics and translational research on behalf of government agencies, foundations, and nonprofit organizations to inform public policy at the national, state, and local levels.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at University of Maryland, Baltimore County is engaged in the research on application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to studies of the structure and function of proteins and macromolecular interactions.

Institute of Fluorescence

The Institute of Fluorescence was founded in 2001 by Dr. Chris D. Geddes of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Approaches and concepts both developed and discovered by the group, such as Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF), Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence (MEC), Surface-Plasmon Coupled Phenomenon and the glucose-sensing contact lens, are both well-recognized, highly cited and currently used in laboratories around the world today.

Maryland Institute for Policy Analysis & Research

The Maryland Institute for Policy Analysis and Research (MIPAR) is the main center for social science and public policy research at UMBC. The center links the analytical resources of the university with policymakers in Maryland and the Baltimore region, conducting opinion research, policy analyses, and program evaluations on a variety of topics. MIPAR also administers the Center for Aging Studies at UMBC.

See also
 University of Maryland, Baltimore County Scholars

References

External links
 Research and Scholarship Homepage
 Directory

Center
Baltimore County Centers and Institutes


title: Alain Fresnot

text:
Alain Fresnot (born June 6, 1951) is a French-born Brazilian film director, editor and producer. Born in Paris, his family came to Brazil in 1957 to live in Campinas due to the Algerian War. His family moved to São Paulo where he attended on cinema courses before his first contact with professional cinema. In 1967, he made the continuity editing for Walter Hugo Khouri's As Amorosas. He directed three short films between 1973 and 1975, making his debut as a director in 1976 with Trem Fantasma.

Filmography
 Trem Fantasma (1976; director)
 Noite em Chamas (1977; editor)
 Sede de Amar (1979; editor)
 O Homem que Virou Suco (1980; editor)
 Janete (1983; editor)
 A Marvada Carne (1985; editor)
 Jubiabá (1986; editor)
 Lua Cheia (1989; director)
 Ed Mort (1997; director)
 Kenoma (1998; producer)
 Castelo Rá-Tim-Bum (1999; producer)
 Desmundo (2002; director)
 Família Vende Tudo (2011; director)
 Moto Anjos (2015; producer)

References

External links

1951 births
Brazilian film directors
Brazilian film editors
Brazilian film producers
Mass media people from São Paulo
Living people


title: Robert Frew

text:
Robert Frew (born in 1951) is an antiquarian bookseller, founder of Robert Frew Ltd, a Past President of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association (www.aba.org.uk) (2005-2007)  and a former chairman of the London International Antiquarian Book Fair (2009-2010), Britain’s premier antiquarian book fair held annually at the Olympia Exhibition Centre, London.  Robert Frew is also the founder of London-based shipping and logistics company RF Shipping.

History

Robert Frew has been trading in antiquarian books since 1975, starting out from an open market in Camden Lock, Robert Frew later had shops in Primrose Hill, Great Russell Street Bloomsbury, Maddox Street Mayfair and now on the borders of South Kensington & Knightsbridge.  The firm specialise in travel literature, illustrated books, maps and atlases and literature.  The firm exhibit at most of the major ILAB (International League of Antiquarian Booksellers www.ilab.org) fairs in America, often in Europe and sometimes in the Middle and Far East. Robert Frew Ltd are also members of the PBFA (Provincial Booksellers Fairs Association www.pbfa.org), and regularly exhibit at the organisation’s fairs in London and occasionally in the provinces. For 10 years, 1986 to 1996,   Frew was manager of the monthly London PBFA book fairs at the Hotel Russell.

RF Shipping and Logistics (www.rfshipping.com) was founded by Robert Frew in 2005. The company began servicing the auction clearance requirements of Robert Frew Ltd's colleagues in the book trade. and now packs and ships all manner of goods worldwide. Interesting shipments handled by RF Shipping include the transferral of a large archive of material by author Fay Weldon from Weldon’s Dorset home to the Lilly Library in Bloomington Indiana and the transportation of Arthur C. Clarke’s collection of aerospace models from the West Country to Sri Lanka.

References

Interview with Robert Frew published in The Bookdealer, March 1995
Interview with Robert Frew published in the Antiques Trade Gazette, April 30, 2011
Antiquarian Booksellers Association www.aba.org.uk
Robert Frew Ltd. www.robertfrew.com
RF Shipping www.rfshipping.com

Living people
1951 births


title: Kang Eui-sik

text:
Kang Eui-sik (born March 15, 1988) is a South Korean actor.

Filmography

Television series

Theater

Discography

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
21st-century South Korean male actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male stage actors
Hongik University alumni


The British commercial spaceport competition was a plan by the UK government announced in early 2014 to select a site, build a commercial spaceport, and have it in operation by 2018.  Although six sites were shortlisted for possible selection by 2015, the competition was ended without a selection in May 2016 and replaced by a statement from the UK government regulatory agency that they would support rules that would allow a commercial spaceport to be built at any suitable location.

The UK-sponsored spaceport envisioned in the competition was intended to be used to launch both human-carrying flights and commercial satellite missions.

History

The spaceport competition was part of a broader plan announced by the government in April 2014. Earlier references and statements about a UK spaceport, with explicit statements about HTHL spaceplanes, date back at least to 2012.

A site selection process got underway in 2014.  The sites of interest were principally Scottish, such as Campbeltown Airport, Glasgow Prestwick Airport, Kinloss Barracks, RAF Leuchars, RAF Lossiemouth and Stornoway Airport, but they also included Llanbedr Airport in Wales and Newquay Cornwall Airport in England."
The first phase of the evaluation process objective was to develop a shortlist.

Shortlist:  early 2015
The shortlist was released in March 2015, and only two airfields were ruled out.  In narrowing the field, the overriding imperative of the licensing authorities was to find a location that limits danger and inconvenience to the general public. This led to all five of the short-listed locations being situated in coastal areas.  The government ruled out two airfields in its consultation process: RAF Lossiemouth and Kinloss Barracks, in Scotland, due to operational defence reasons.

The shortlist locations selected were:
 Campbeltown Airport
 Glasgow Prestwick Airport
 Stornoway Airport
 Newquay Cornwall Airport
 Llanbedr Airport
 RAF Leuchars was confirmed as a potential temporary facility.

Only five sites remained in the competition as of April 2016.  The RAF Leuchars site had been removed from the shortlist prior to that time.

End of competition:  2016

The competition was ended in May 2016, prior to the selection of any single spaceport location. Instead, the Department for Transport announced that the regulatory rules would be modified so that "any suitable location" might become a spaceport.

See also

 Launch pad
 List of rocket launch sites
 List of spaceports
 Spaceport

References

External links
 Spaceport: locations and criteria

Spaceports in Europe


title: Randeep Singh Nabha

text:
Randeep Singh Nabha also known as Kaka Randeep Singh Nabha is an Indian politician and a leader of Indian National Congress. He is serving as Agriculture Minister in the Punjab Government. He is a MLA in Punjab Vidhan Sabha and represents Amloh 2012–2017.He is married to Behista who hails from Royal family of Afghanistan.

References

Punjab, India MLAs 2012–2017
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022
Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India


title: Spark (2014 film)

text:
Spark is an Indian drama film written and directed by V. K. Singh, produced by Rekha Yadav and Naresh Gupta. The film stars Rajneesh Duggal and Subhashree Ganguly in lead roles, with Govind Namdeo, Ashutosh Rana, Rohit Raj and Rati Agnihotri in supporting roles. The film was released on 10 October 2014.

Cast
 Rajniesh Duggal as Arjun
 Mansha Bahl as Nimita
 Subhashree Ganguly as Anupama
 Ashutosh Rana as Rana and Rana's father (double role)
 Govind Namdeo
 Rohit Raj as Tikkam
 Rati Agnihotri
 Manoj Joshi
 Ranjeet

Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Lalit Pandit, Monty Sharma and  Nitz 'N' Sony, while the lyrics were written by Sameer, Chi Chi and Naresh Gupta.

References

External links

2014 films
2010s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Monty Sharma


title: Carina Faris

text:
Carina Fujisaki (née Carina Faris) is a Japanese-American actress and model, born January 20, 1997, in Tokyo, Japan. She is employed by a Japanese modeling agency and has done runway modeling, dramas, and a variety of photo shoots.

History
Carina Fujisaki was born and raised in the city of Tokyo, Japan. She eventually moved to San Francisco, California for her high school years and attended El Camino High School in South San Francisco, California.

Personal life
Carina is fluent in both Japanese and English. She can read and write in Japanese (Kana) and English.

References

External links
 Official Instagram  (archived)

1997 births
Living people
Japanese female models
Actresses from Tokyo
21st-century Japanese actresses


title: Brisbane Hockey Association

text:
Brisbane Hockey Association (BHA) is the governing body for the sport of men's hockey in Brisbane, Australia. It is responsible for the administration of men's and boy's competitions, representative teams, officials and the financial position of the sport.
It's located in the Queensland State Hockey Centre in Colmslie, a suburb south of Brisbane.

Clubs
The following clubs compete in the Brisbane Hockey Association
 Bulimba Hockey Club
 Commercial Hockey Club
 Eastern Suburbs Hockey Club
 Kedron Wavell Services Hockey Club
 Labrador Hockey Club
 Northern Suburbs Hockey Club
 Pine Hills Hockey Club
 Pine Rivers St Andrews Hockey Club
 Queensland Police Hockey Club
 QUT Hockey Club
 Redcliffe Leagues Hockey Club
 Southbank Strikers Hockey Club
 South West United Hockey Club
 University of Queensland Hockey Club
 Valley Hockey Club

References

External links
 Official Website

Field hockey governing bodies in Australia
Sports governing bodies in Queensland
Sport in Brisbane


title: Aurora Perrineau

text:
Aurora Perrineau (born September 23, 1994) is an American actress and model. She is best known for starring as Shana Elmsford in Jem and the Holograms (2015), the live-action film adaptation of the 1980s animated television series Jem, Giselle Hammond in Blumhouse’s Truth Or Dare, C in HBO’s Westworld, and as Tanya in Netflix’s When They See Us crime drama television miniseries.

Early life
Perrineau was born to model Brittany Perrineau and actor Harold Perrineau.

Career
Perrineau is a model signed to Click Model Management, Inc.

In 2012, Perrineau starred in the direct-to-video film Air Collision. In 2014, Perrineau appeared in episodes of Newsreaders and in Chasing Life as Margo. In April 2014, it was announced that Perrineau was cast in the role of Shana in Jem and the Holograms, based on the hit 1980s cartoon. The film came under fire for casting Perrineau, a straight-haired, biracial actress for the role of Shana, a character who had a dark complexion and afro-textured hair. The film was released on October 23, 2015, and was a box office flop, making only $1.4 million in its opening weekend.

In July 2014, Perrineau was cast in Drake Doremus's film Equals. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 5, 2015. Perrineau had a small role in the film Passengers, released on December 21, 2016.

In 2018, Perrineau was cast as Giselle Hammond in the Blumhouse supernatural thriller film Truth or Dare.

Personal life

Sexual assault allegation
In November 2017, Perrineau filed a police report with the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department accusing scriptwriter Murray Miller of sexual assault in 2012 when the actress was seventeen. Girls actress Lena Dunham initially defended Miller, who was a writer for the series, but later retracted her statements. On August 10, 2018, the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office declined to file charges against Miller.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

References

External links

Living people
21st-century American actresses
African-American actresses
American film actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
American television actresses
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people
1994 births


title: Cavite State University - CCAT Campus

text:
Cavite State University - CCAT Campus is one of the 11 satellite campuses of Cavite State University (CvSU), with its main campus located in Indang, Cavite. It is also known as CvSU-R and Cavite State University College of Arts and Trade. It is located at Brgy. Tejeros Convention, Rosario, Cavite and occupies  of land. It is formerly known as Cavite College of Arts and Trades (CCAT).

History

As CCAT
The Cavite College of Arts and Trades (CCAT) was established by Republic Act No. 5966 authored by Cong. Justiniano S. Montano was approved on June 21, 1969, as a National College of Arts and Trades primarily to provide higher technological, professional, occupational, and vocational education. The college was inaugurated on August 8, 1970, and regular classes for the Two-Year Trade Technical Curriculum started on August 12, 1970, with 27 students. Benjamin C. Lorenz Ana acted as the Officer-in-Charge for four years.

It served as Training Center for National Manpower Training Program in February, 1971 to July, 1972. A special One-Year Course was also offered in the same year. As per Department Order No. 20 s. 1973, the Secondary Trade Curriculum was also offered in the same year the Two-Year Trade Technician Education was implemented.

Leoncio Y. Manarang became the First Superintendent until 1976.

After five years of existence, the school was classified as Teacher Education Institution in Industrial Education. Arturo P. Casuga served CCAT as Superintendent.

In 1976, the ROTC unit was established in CCAT to enroll the college students for military training and tactics, a requisite for graduation as well as requirement for all Filipinos to undergo military training.

In 1982, CCAT became a beneficiary of the Technical and Vocational Education Project (TVEP) which was aided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Seven years later, the college was selected as a recipient of the Philippine-Australian Technical and Vocational Education Project (PATVEP). In 1983, CCAT was selected as TVEP Research and Information Center for Region IV.

In 1991, Revelino F. Apilado took over as Officer-in-Charge until 1993.

In 1993, Petronio N. Carrera became the third CCAT Superintendent until 2000.

As CvSU-R

In 2001, CCAT was integrated with the Cavite State University (CvSU) by virtue of CHED Memo No. 27, s. 2000. Dr. Maria C. Yaba was designated Assistant to the CvSU President for CvSU Rosario Campus operation.
Additional courses were offered:
BS in Business Management (BSBM)
Associate in Computer Technology (ACT)

In 2002, CvSU Rosario offered additional degree courses: Mrs. Sally G. Sandoval was designated Officer-in-Charge until June 2003.
BS in Electrical Engineering (BSEE)
BS in Mechanical Engineering (BSME)

In 2003, The first Campus Dean, Dr. Reynaldo E. Samonte was designated to manage the operation of CvSU Rosario Campus from June 18,2003 until July 2007.

In 2007, Dr. Isaias A. Banaag was designated as the new Campus Dean from August 2007 until August 2008
CvSU offered the Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering.

In 2008, CvSU Rosario Campus offered the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Bachelor of Science in Information Technology.

Dr. Lorna L. Penales took over as Officer-in-Charge of CvSU Rosario Campus until January 2009.

Dr. Cecilia F. Genuino became third Campus Dean until February 17, 2013.

Dr. Camilo A. Polinga was designated as Officer-in-Charge starting February 18, 2013.

References

Universities and colleges in Cavite


title: List of ski areas and resorts in Nepal

text:
This is a list of ski areas and resorts in Nepal.

 Api Base
 Dhorpatan Park
 Everest Base
 Gaurisankhar Base
 Jugal Base
 Kanchjunga Base
 Khaptad Region
 Lhotse Base
 Manaslu Base
 Nuptse Base
 Saipal Base
 Many glaciers of the country

Nepal
ski areas


title: University of Queensland Hockey Club

text:
The University of Queensland Hockey Club (UQHC) is a men's field hockey club competing in the Brisbane Hockey Association.
UQHC was established in 1924 and is one of the oldest and strongest clubs within the Brisbane Hockey Association.
UQHC has won one A-grade premiership, in 1964, and a host of InterVarsity Hockey competitions.

References

External links
 Official Website

Field hockey clubs in Australia
Hockey
1924 establishments in Australia
Queensland
Field hockey clubs established in 1924


title: Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air pistol

text:
The Men's 10 metre air pistol event took place on 26 July 2014 at the Barry Buddon Shooting Centre. Daniel Repacholi won the gold medal, Prakash Nanjappa won silver medal and Mick Gault won the bronze.

Results

Preliminares

Final
The full final results were:

References

External links
Schedule

Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Gawad Urian for Best Actress

text:
The Gawad Urian Best Actress, (officially, the Pinakamahusay na Pangunahing Aktres), is a movie award given by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (Filipino Film Critics) to lead actresses in a Philippine movie.

Winners and nominees
In the lists below, the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Superlatives

Nora was nominated 5 consecutive times twice in her career. the first one is from 1978–1982 and from 2012–2016.

Multiple awards for Best Actress
Eight awards
Vilma Santos

Seven awards
Nora Aunor

Three awards
Gina Alajar
Jaclyn Jose

Two awards
Cherry Pie Picache

References

Film awards for lead actress
Philippine film awards
Awards established in 1976


title: Punto Fijo (disambiguation)

text:
Punto Fijo may refer to:

 Punto Fijo, city in Venezuela
 Punto Fijo Pact, a formal arrangement arrived at between representatives of Venezuela's three main political parties in 1958
 Punto Fijo (album), 2003 album by Szidi Tobias


title: Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10 metre air rifle

text:
The Men's 10 metre air rifle event took place on 25 July 2014 at the Barry Buddon Shooting Centre. There was a qualification to determine the participants in the finals.

Results

Qualification

Finals

References

External links
Schedule of events at 2014 Commonwealth games-Glasgow

Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Eupromerella clavator

text:
Eupromerella clavator is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1801.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1801


title: Eupromerella griseofasciata

text:
Eupromerella griseofasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1959.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1959


title: Bring the Boys Home

text:
"Bring the Boys Home" is a song recorded by rhythm and blues singer Freda Payne in 1971 during the Vietnam War era. It was an anti-war song that was aimed at the sending of troops to fight in an increasingly unpopular war.

Background
The song was produced by Greg Perry and released on the Invictus label. It was backed with "I Shall Not Be Moved". The song came out at a time when soldiers were returning to America dead and in body bags. A higher than normal amount of the soldiers were black. The soldiers were only boys at the age of 20, which was the average age that many of them were killed. In spite of the healthy amount of airplay it received in the US, the US Command from the American Forces Network banned it. The reason given was that it would be of benefit to the enemy. 50,000 copies of the album Contact were pressed before it was added to the album after it became a hit. It replaced "He's In My Life" which was the first track on side 1.

The Soul Source section of the May 22 issue of Billboard named it the best new record of the week.

Weekly charts
By July 10, the single had reached number four on the Billboard soul singles chart. The song spent 13 weeks on the Hot 100, peaking at No. 12.

Chart performance

Certifications

References

External links
 Elsewhere: Freda Payne: Bring the Boys Home (1971)

Songs about soldiers
Songs about the military
1971 songs
1971 singles
Anti-war songs
Freda Payne songs
Songs written by General Johnson (musician)
Songs written by Greg Perry (singer)


title: Eupromerella maculata

text:
Eupromerella maculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins, Galileo and de-Oliveira in 2009.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2009


title: Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre air pistol

text:
The Women's 10 metre air pistol event took place on 25 July 2014 at the Barry Buddon Shooting Centre. There was a qualification in which the top 8 athletes qualified for the finals. In the finals, each athlete shot 3 times. The latter was eliminated. After that, each athlete once and threw the athlete lowest score was eliminated by the winners.

Results

Preliminares

Final

References

External links
Schedule

Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Common


title: Eupromerella nigroapicalis

text:
Eupromerella nigroapicalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1916.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1916


title: Eupromerella orbifera

text:
Eupromerella orbifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1908.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1908


title: Eupromerella picturata

text:
Eupromerella picturata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins, Galileo and de-Oliveira in 2009.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2009


title: Eupromerella propinqua

text:
Eupromerella propinqua is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1931.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1931


title: Eupromerella semigrisea

text:
Eupromerella semigrisea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1861.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1861


title: Eupromerella travassosi

text:
Eupromerella travassosi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1935


title: Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's skeet

text:
The Women's skeet event will take place at 25 July 2014 at the Barry Buddon Shooting Centre. There will be  a qualification to determine the final participants.

Results

Qualification

Semifinals

QB: Qualified to Bronze

QG: Qualified to Gold

Bronze

Gold

References

External links
Schedule

Shooting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Common


title: Eupromerella versicolor

text:
Eupromerella versicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1935


title: Reda El Azab

text:
Reda El-Azab (; born July 9, 1986) is an Egyptian footballer who plays as a right-back for Egyptian Second Division side Tersana SC.

Club career
He started his career with Baladeyet El-Mahalla youth team then moved to Ittihad El-Shorta then moved to Zamalek in 2014.

Honours

Club
Zamalek SC
Egyptian Premier League (1): 2014-2015

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Ittihad El Shorta SC players
Azab
Azab
Egyptian Premier League players
Men's association football fullbacks


title: Don't Wanna Dance (MØ song)

text:
"Don't Wanna Dance" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter MØ. The song was released as a digital download in Denmark on 17 January 2014 through Chess Club and RCA Victor as the fifth single from her debut studio album No Mythologies to Follow (2014). The song has peaked at number 25 on the Danish Singles Chart.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References

MØ songs
2013 songs
2014 singles
Songs written by MØ
Songs written by Ronni Vindahl


title: Consciousness and the Brain

text:
Consciousness and the Brain: Deciphering How the Brain Codes Our Thoughts is a 2014 book by Stanislas Dehaene. It summarizes research on the neuroscience of consciousness, particularly from recent decades.

Book outline

Introduction: The Stuff of Thought
Dehaene reviews historical intuitions that consciousness must be separate from matter. He explains how consciousness was not even mentioned in neuroscientific circles until the late 1980s, when a revolution in consciousness research began. Dehaene believes that "access consciousness" (being aware of and able to report on information) is the right definition to start with for scientific investigation. While some philosophers insist that access consciousness differs from "phenomenal consciousness" (e.g., the way qualia feel), Dehaene considers the access/phenomenal distinction "highly misleading" and feels it "leads down a slippery slope to dualism" (p. 10).

Ch. 1: Consciousness Enters the Lab
Dehaene distinguishes conscious access from related but not identical ideas: "attention, wakefulness, vigilance, self-consciousness, and metacognition" (p. 25).

He introduces the project of measuring neural correlates of consciousness using paradigms like minimal contrasts of images, masking (subliminal stimuli), binocular rivalry, and attentional blink. The attentional blink relates to the psychological refractory period, inattentional blindness, and change blindness. Olaf Blanke's studies on out-of-body experiences explore an example where conscious experience changes while external stimuli stay the same.

In Ch. 4, Dehaene notes that correlates of consciousness are actually insufficient, because many things can correlate with conscious perception, including even brain states prior to presentation of a stimulus. Dehaene is most interested in neural signatures of consciousness that represent the consciousness brain processing itself. (p. 142)

Ch. 2: Fathoming Unconscious Depths

Dehaene reviews unconscious brain processing of various forms: subliminal perception, Édouard Claparède's pinprick experiment, blindsight, hemispatial neglect, subliminal priming, unconscious binding (including across sensory modalities, as in the McGurk effect), etc. Dehaene discusses a debate over whether meaning can be processed unconsciously and concludes based on his own research that it can be. An N400 meaning-based wave occurs for unexpected words even when masked or not attended to. Unconscious processing is not just bottom-up but can be enhanced when top-down attention is directed toward a target, even if the target never becomes conscious. Brains can even do some mathematical operations unconsciously, and sitting on a problem to let the unconscious mind work out an answer has proved helpful in several experiments.

Ch. 3: What Is Consciousness Good For?
While some view consciousness as an epiphenomenon of brains, Dehaene sees it as playing functional roles, such as
 Collapsing many lower-level probability assessments into one conscious perception sampled from the Bayesian posterior distribution, allowing us to make a single decision, in a similar way as the FBI summarizes much low-level data into a single brief for the president of the United States. Convergence on a single interpretation of local receptive-field data does not occur under anesthesia.
 Creating lasting thoughts that can remain in working memory for use at a later time. Daniel Dennett compares this with an echo chamber. In contrast, unconscious information decays away exponentially within about a second.
 Reasoning through multi-step strategies and performing serial computations, such as the steps in figuring out that 12 x 13 = 156 in your head. Consciousness seems "to collect the information from various processors, synthesize it, and then broadcast the result -- a conscious symbol -- to other, arbitrarily selected processors" (p. 105). This resembles a production system in artificial intelligence.
 Sharing the contents of our minds with others, via language and non-verbal signals. Brains can make confidence assessments in their opinions, which helps with combining judgments optimally.

Ch. 4: The Signatures of a Conscious Thought
Neuroscientists have found four "signatures of consciousness":
 Greatly amplified brain activity in many regions, including parietal and prefrontal circuits. Unconscious perception is like a wave that peters out upon reaching shore, while conscious perception is more like an avalanche that gains momentum as it progresses.
 Ignition of a late P3 wave when a word is consciously seen but not when it remains unconscious. Dehaene compares conscious perception to breaking "through the dike of the frontal and parietal networks, suddenly flooding into a much larger expanse of cortex" (p. 124). There are actually two P3 waves, and they seem to occupy bandwidth that prevents comprehension of other stimuli at the same time, which explains the attentional blink and the serial nature of consciousness.
 A marked increase in the power of gamma waves starting at about 300 milliseconds after a stimulus. Contrary to an initial hypothesis by Francis Crick and Christof Koch, gamma waves around 40 Hz do not appear only during consciousness. But when they show up in unconscious processing, they do have a much reduced intensity.
 Brain-wide synchronization of information in what's called a "brain web". Granger causality analysis shows strong bidirectional causality, with signals traveling both bottom-up (to relay sensory information to higher areas) and top-down (perhaps as attention or confirmation signals).

Consciousness seems to have a "tipping point" or "phase transition" of sorts, an all-or-nothing cutoff. Dehaene uses the phrase "global ignition" to describe the process of neurons bursting into widespread activation, similar to the way an audience begins with a few claps and then erupts into synchronous applause (p. 131).

Consciousness is slower than events in the external world. The flash lag illusion illustrates this because we can predict future positions of moving objects but not those of objects that suddenly appear.

Conscious percepts have properties of "stability over time, reproducibility across trials, and invariance over superficial changes that leave the content intact" (p. 149).

To prove causation between brain states and conscious experiences, neuroscientists have used transcranial magnetic stimulation and intracranial electrodes for patients undergoing surgery to directly create perceptions. An example is phosphene.

Ch. 5: Theorizing Consciousness
Dehaene discusses his version of the Global Workspace Theory of consciousness. Dehaene proposes that "When we say that we are aware of a certain piece of information, what we mean is just this: the information has entered into a specific storage area that makes it available to the rest of the brain" (p. 163). He adds: "The flexible dissemination of information, I argue, is a characteristic property of the conscious state" (p. 165).

Dehaene and colleagues have developed computer simulations of neural dynamics that successfully replicate the way in which distributed processing at the brain's periphery gives way to a stable, serial "thought" at higher levels due to feedback amplification of one signal and inhibition of others. The simulation showed the four signatures of consciousness described in Ch. 4 (p. 184). Consciousness seemed to behave like a "phase transition" between one unconscious stable state of low-level activity and another conscious state consisting of snowballing self-amplification and reverberation (p. 184). Subliminal stimuli fail to become conscious because by the time the higher layers try to amplify the signal, the original input stimulation has vanished (p. 193).

Dehaene suggests that noise fluctuations in neural activity can be amplified and give rise to randomness in our streams of thought (p. 190).

Ch. 6: The Ultimate Test
Dehaene discusses coma, vegetative states, minimally conscious states, and locked-in syndrome.

Recent findings have shown that a few patients without any ability to move (not even to move their eyes) still show intact consciousness as seen by their ability to answer questions in an fMRI. The trick is to instruct the patients to think about their apartments if they want to say "no" and about playing tennis if they want to say "yes", and the corresponding differences in brain activity can be observed.

Different tests can give different answers regarding whether a clinical patient is conscious, and responses may depend on time of day or other factors. Hence, Dehaene suggests "to develop a whole battery" of tests that can be applied in many contexts (pp. 214-215). fMRI tests are expensive and burdensome, so researchers are exploring easier EEG communication methods (p. 215) and other brain-computer interfaces (p. 216). Dehaene and colleagues also developed a simple test for consciousness based on novelty of patterns in sounds.

Ch. 7: The Future of Consciousness
Dehaene explores consciousness in human babies, non-human animals, and machines.

Dehaene reviews evidence that young infants are indeed conscious, although their global workspaces may run 3-4 times slower than in adults, perhaps because their myelin is not well established.

Monkeys can be trained to "report" on their conscious experiences via actions rather than speech, and monkeys show the same sorts of brain and behavioral patterns as humans in response to consciousness tests. Dehaene adds that some animals, like monkeys and dolphins, show evidence not just of consciousness but also of metacognition. He speculates that maybe what makes human cognition unique is "the peculiar way we explicitly formulate our ideas using nested or recursive structures of symbols" (p. 250).

Dehaene suggests that computers could become more like animal brains if they had greater communication between processes, more learning plasticity, and more autonomy over decisions. Of these design changes, he suggests that "at least in principle, I see no reason why they would not lead to an artificial consciousness" (p. 261). Dehaene suggests that the hard problem of consciousness "just seems hard because it engages ill-defined intuitions", and it "will evaporate" as people better understand "cognitive neuroscience and computer simulations" (p. 262). Dehaene also defends a compatibilist notion of free will and suggests even that free will "can be implemented in a standard computer" (p. 264).

Reactions
James W. Kalat thinks "Consciousness and the Brain is beautifully written, erudite, thoughtful, and likely to provoke discussion for years to come." Kalat explains how Dehaene believes that consciousness is important for performing certain calculations that can't be done unconsciously. However, Kalat suggests that this leaves us with a puzzle: "Unless we assume that computers are conscious, the question remains why we are conscious when we perform certain functions, whereas computers can perform virtually the same functions without consciousness." Kalat also finds inadequate Dehaene's dismissal of the hard problem of consciousness "in barely over a page of text" without further exploration of the subject.

Alun Anderson agrees with the critics of Dehaene who think that consciousness as "brain-wide information sharing" isn't enough to resolve the hard problem. That said, he appreciates Dehaene's book and recommends to "read a chapter at a time because it is jam-packed with intuition-altering experiments."

Matthew Hutson calls Dehaene's book "smart, thorough and lucid, though a terrible choice for beach reading." Hutson admires Dehaene's success with neural correlates of consciousness but feels that the hard problem remains unresolved. Like Kalat, Hutson finds Dehaene's dismissal of the hard problem unjustified because consciousness is "unique" in being "inherently private, subjective", unlike other phenomena that can be reductively explained.

Ned Block responds to Dehaene's criticism of pure qualia divorced from information processing by suggesting that phenomenal consciousness can indeed play a functional role when it "greases the wheels of cognitive access" but that phenomenal consciousness can also exist without access.

See also
 Dehaene–Changeux model
What is consciousness and could machines have it? A 2017 review in Science S Dehaene, H Law & S Kouider

Notes

2014 non-fiction books
English-language books
Books about consciousness
Viking Press books


title: Rhetorical structure theory

text:
Rhetorical structure theory (RST) is a theory of text organization that describes relations that hold between parts of text. It was originally developed by William Mann, Sandra Thompson, Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen and others at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (ISI) and defined in a 1988 paper. The theory was developed as part of studies of computer-based text generation. Natural language researchers later began using RST in text summarization and other applications. It explains coherence by postulating a hierarchical, connected structure of texts.  In 2000, Daniel Marcu, also of ISI, demonstrated that practical discourse parsing and text summarization also could be achieved using RST.

Rhetorical relations
Rhetorical relations or coherence relations or discourse relations are paratactic (coordinate) or hypotactic (subordinate) relations that hold across two or more text spans. It is widely accepted that notion of coherence is through text relations like this. RST using rhetorical relations provide a systematic way for an analyst to analyse the text. An analysis is usually built by reading the text and constructing a tree using the relations. The following example is a title and
summary, appearing at the top of an article in Scientific American magazine (Ramachandran and Anstis, 1986). The original text, broken into numbered units, is:

 [Title:] The Perception of Apparent Motion
 [Abstract:] When the motion of an intermittently seen object is ambiguous
 the visual system resolves confusion
 by applying some tricks that reflect a built-in knowledge of properties of the physical world

In the figure, numbers 1,2,3,4 show the corresponding units as explained above.
The fourth unit and the third unit form a relation "Means". The third unit is the essential part of this relation, so it is called the nucleus of the relation and fourth unit is called the satellite of the relation. Similarly second unit to third and fourth unit is forming relation "Condition". All units are also spans and spans may be composed of more than one unit.

Nuclearity in discourse
RST establishes two different types of units. Nuclei are considered as the most important parts of text whereas satellites contribute to the nuclei and are secondary.
Nucleus contains basic information and satellite contains additional information about nucleus. The satellite is often incomprehensible without nucleus, whereas a text where a satellites have been deleted can be understood to a certain extent.

Hierarchy in the analysis
RST relations are applied recursively in a text, until all units in that text are constituents in an RST relation. The result of such analyses is that RST structure are typically represented as trees, with one top level relation that encompasses other relations at lower levels.

Why RST?
 From linguistic point of view, RST proposes a different view of text organization than most linguistic theories.
 RST points to a tight relation between relations and coherence in text
 From a computational point of view, it provides a characterization of text relations that has been implemented in different systems and for applications as text generation and summarization.

In design rationale
Computer scientists Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia and Clarisse Sieckenius de Souz have used RST as the basis of a design rationale system called ADD+. In ADD+, RST is used as the basis for the rhetorical organization of a knowledge base, in a way comparable to other knowledge representation systems such as issue-based information system (IBIS). Similarly, RST has been used in representation schemes for argumentation.

See also
 Argument mining
 Parse tree

References

Argument technology
Discourse analysis
Knowledge representation
Natural language processing


title: Ivana Chýlková

text:
Ivana Chýlková (born 27 September 1963) is a Czech actress. She appeared in more than eighty films since 1983.

In 1985, she graduated from DAMU. She has appeared in several Theatre Studio DVA productions.

Chýlková is married to actor Jan Kraus.

Selected filmography

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Actresses from Prague
Czech film actresses
Czech television actresses
20th-century Czech actresses
21st-century Czech actresses
People from Frýdek-Místek
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni
Czech Lion Awards winners
Czech stage actresses


title: Shaun Scott (filmmaker)

text:
Shaun Scott (born November 8, 1984) is an American filmmaker, film director, film editor, writer, historian, activist, and former candidate for Seattle City Council.

Film career

Scott is a Seattle-based independent filmmaker whose first feature film was "Seat of Empire" (2009), a 3-hour long documentary tour of the city of Seattle using archival footage. In 2010 he directed and wrote "Waste of Time", a historical mash-up of original footage, archival images, and contemporary music meant as a portrait of consumer capitalism.

Scott's first narrative feature was "100% OFF: A Recession-Era Romance" (2012), a docudrama about a kleptomaniac and the immigrant wife with whom he enters a marriage of convenience. It was followed in 2014 by "Pacific Aggression", a straightforward narrative about a social media addict and the blogger she stalks. In 2014, Scott announced plans to direct the (as yet uncompleted) feature film "Their Eyes Were Watching The Light," a period piece about a hostage situation set in 1932.

Writing career

Scott began a career as a writer in late 2014, contributing pieces about American politics and race relations to The Monarch Review and The Seattle Weekly. In July 2015, Scott was hired by City Arts Magazine as a columnist, where he runs an ongoing thread called "Faded Signs" about popular culture under late capitalism.

In September 2015, Thought Catalog Books published Scott's short-form essay "Something Better: Millennials and Late Capitalism at the Movies" on iTunes and Amazon. In 2018, Zero Books published Scott's book-length history of the Millennial generation titled "Millennials and the Moments that Made Us: A Cultural History of the U.S. from 1982-present."

Political career

Scott was a field organizer for US Representative Pramila Jayapal. Scott helped unionize Jayapal's 2018 campaign staff through the Campaign Worker's Guild.

In November 2018, Scott announced his bid for Seattle City Council District 4 to replace interim council member Abel Pacheco. Scott received endorsements from alternative weekly The Stranger and local chapters of the Sierra Club and Our Revolution. He received enough votes in the 2019 Washington primary election to advance to the general election in November 2019, but lost the race to Alex Pedersen.

In 2020, Scott served as the Washington State Field Director for Presidential Candidate Bernie Sanders.

Scott is a member of the 43rd LD Democrats and the Seattle chapter of the Democratic Socialists of America.

Political Positions

Housing

Scott advocates a housing policy geared toward decommodification of housing to combat soaring rents and homelessness. He proposes investing in public housing and implementing policies that discourage real estate speculation.

Green New Deal

Scott has publicly called for a municipal Green New Deal for the city of Seattle. This is set of policy proposals meant to reduce Seattle's carbon footprint by increasing urban density and investing in mass transit in order to reduce dependency on private cars.

Labor

Scott is a supporter of labor unions. In addition, he has proposed a "Freelancer's Bill of Rights" to ensure worker protections for gig economy workers, including mandatory contracts for work over 30 days, an end to non-compete clauses, and a portable benefits program.

Municipal Broadband

Scott supports the creation of a Seattle municipal broadband public utility, similar to what exists in Chattanooga, TN.

Public Health

Scott supports a harm reduction strategy to combat drug addiction, including the establishment of safe injection sites. He has criticized sweeps of homeless encampments as both ineffective and unjust.

Filmography
Feature Films (as Director/Writer)
 Seat of Empire (2009)
 Waste of Time (2010)
 100% OFF: A Recession-Era Romance (2012)
 Pacific Aggression (2014)

Short Films/Music Videos
 Shaun's Daydream (2008)
 Steppin' Into Tomorrow (2009)
 Driven (2013)
 An American Day (2014)
 Home Of The Mighty (2014)

Bibliography
Something Better: Millennials and Late Capitalism at the Movies (2015)
Millennials and the Moments That Made Us: A Cultural History of the U.S. from 1982-Present (2018)

References

Sources

http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/scotts-empire/Content?oid=3538008

http://dailyuw.com/archive/2010/05/20/imported/artist-spotlight-shaun-scott#.U9LGdlaE7Bg
http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/art-house/Content?oid=5623834

1984 births
American film directors
Living people
American film editors
Washington (state) Democrats
African-American people in Washington (state) politics
Members of the Democratic Socialists of America
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people


title: Tolga (given name)

text:
Tolga is a Turkish-origin given name meaning "war helmet" or “the rising”. It is also an Australian Aboriginal term for “red volcanic soil”. Also in Hazara (Turkic people Native to Central Afghanistan) language it means crown (the crown of your head) The name is used mostly for males. It may refer to:

People
Notable people with this name include:
 Tolga Ciğerci, Turkish-German footballer
 Tolga Çevik, Turkish actor
 Tolga Doğantez, Turkish footballer
 Tolga Geçim (born 1996), Turkish basketball player
 Tolga Örnek, Turkish film director
 Tolga Seyhan, Turkish footballer
 Tolga Uprak, Turkish motorcycle racer
 Tolga Zengin, Turkish footballer

Middle name
 Orçun Tolga Karaoğlanoğlu (born 1987), Turkish kayaker

Variants
 Tulga
 F. Tulga Ocak, Turkish academic

See also

Tola (name)
 Tolga (disambiguation)

References

Turkish masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Exalphus aurivillii

text:
Exalphus aurivillii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1970.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1970


title: Exalphus biannulatus

text:
Exalphus biannulatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1921.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1921


title: Exalphus cavifrons

text:
Exalphus cavifrons is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1872


title: Exalphus colasi

text:
Exalphus colasi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1965.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Exalphus confusus

text:
Exalphus confusus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. Along with Exalphus spilonotus and four other beetles of the genus, the beetle was discovered in Brazil as a means to further describe the beetles of the genus in a study headed by the Universidad Federal de Paraná in 2001.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2001


title: Exalphus foveatus

text:
Exalphus foveatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Marinoni and Martins in 1978.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1978


title: Exalphus gounellei

text:
Exalphus gounellei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1973.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1973


title: Exalphus guaraniticus

text:
Exalphus guaraniticus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1955.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1955


title: Exalphus leuconotus

text:
Exalphus leuconotus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1860.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1860


title: Exalphus lichenophorus

text:
Exalphus lichenophorus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1965.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1965


title: Exalphus malleri

text:
Exalphus malleri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1955.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1955


title: Exalphus simplex

text:
Exalphus simplex is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1998.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1998


title: Exalphus spilonotus

text:
Exalphus spilonotus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Restello in 2001.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2001


title: Exalphus vicinus

text:
Exalphus vicinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2003.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 2003


title: Exalphus zellibori

text:
Exalphus zellibori is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lane in 1955.

References

Acanthoderini
Beetles described in 1955