title: Frederick Federici

text:
Frederick Federici (22 April 1850 – 3 March 1888) was an Italian-born British opera singer known for his work in the bass-baritone roles of the Savoy Operas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. He is also remembered as a reputed theatre ghost in Australia.

Early in his career, Federici worked as a talent agent before becoming a concert singer. From 1879 to 1887 he toured extensively in Gilbert and Sullivan's comic operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. His roles included the Pirate King from The Pirates of Penzance appearing in the opera's first performance in 1879. He also played, among other roles, Captain Corcoran in H.M.S. Pinafore, Colonel Calverley in Patience, Strephon in Iolanthe and Florian in Princess Ida. He appeared in the title role in The Mikado (1885) and as Sir Roderic in Ruddigore (1887) in the first authorised American productions of those works.

In 1887, Federici moved to Australia where he played in Gilbert and Sullivan and other operas with the J. C. Williamson company. His last role was Mephistopheles in Gounod's opera Faust at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne in March 1888. On opening night, after he sang the last note of the opera, and as he descended through a trap door in the stage, he had a heart attack and died suddenly. Ever since then, a legend holds that his ghost haunts that theatre.

Early career and first D'Oyly Carte roles

Born as Anatole Frederick Demidoff Baker in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the younger son of Eric Thomas Baker (1810–1882) from a military family, and his wife Georgina Barbara née Crossman, the daughter of a clergyman. Federici eventually returned to Britain. There, he trained for the diplomatic service but decided instead to pursue a singing career and also worked for a time as a theatrical agent and wrote songs.

Federici began singing in London concerts by age 21, in 1872, at the Schubert Society, Freemasons' Tavern, St George's Hall and Surrey Gardens, among others. Later in 1872, he sang in Glasgow in a concert party organized by Sims Reeves. He soon appeared in Monday Pops concerts, in The Messiah at the Leeds Triennial Festival and in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and in various other oratorios. He was also engaged at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. In Ireland, he first appeared in operatic roles as the King in Maritana, Rodolfo in La Sonnambula, Valentine in Faust, Arnheim in The Bohemian Girl, the Baron in Lurline, and continued singing in concerts, earning warm reviews. 1873, he made his London debut at the Crystal Palace theatre in Faust, Maritana, The Bohemian Girl and, as Father Tom in The Lily of Killarney and continued singing in concerts and touring with Carlotta Patti and others, despite some ill health in the mid-1870s.

Federici wrote the song "Dearer than all to me" in 1874. In 1877, he was engaged at the Royal Aquarium where he appeared in, among other things, performances of Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial by Jury. In 1878 he declared bankruptcy. He continued singing at the Aquarium, and he played the Sultan in a revival of Alfred Cellier's The Sultan of Mocha in Manchester. He also taught singing and performed at the Covent Garden proms and other London concerts.  But around 1878, he joined the army, avoiding his creditors.

After leaving the army, he joined the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in July 1879 and was given the role of Captain Corcoran on a tour of H.M.S. Pinafore. In March 1880 he switched to the role of Bill Bobstay in the same production. While on that tour, he married fellow D'Oyly Carte artist Lena Monmouth (real name Jane Elenor Finili (1858–1937). The couple eventually had two children, Louis Wallace Horace (born 1881) and Marguerite Ellissa Anita Baker (1882–1936).

To secure the British copyright for the new Gilbert and Sullivan opera The Pirates of Penzance, which was to open in New York the following night the Pinafore touring company gave a perfunctory performance of Pirates the afternoon before the New York premiere, at the Royal Bijou Theatre in Paignton, Devon, organised by Helen Lenoir, the secretary and future wife of Richard D'Oyly Carte. The cast, including Federici, which was performing Pinafore in the evenings in Torquay, received some of the music for Pirates only two days beforehand. Having had only one rehearsal, they travelled to nearby Paignton for the matinee, where they read their parts from scripts carried onto the stage, making do with whatever costumes they had on hand. Federici thus originated the role of the Pirate King. In August 1880 he appeared briefly as Mr. Liverby in In the Sulks, the curtain-raiser that was played before H.M.S. Pinafore.

Peak career, America and Australia

In further D'Oyly Carte tours of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, from late 1880, Federici appeared as Captain Corcoran in H.M.S. Pinafore and then Samuel in The Pirates of Penzance. He next appeared as the Pirate King in Pirates in 1881. The Era wrote that Federici "is capital as the Pirate King". He Played Colonel Calverley from 1882 to 1883 in Patience. One local reviewer wrote that Federici "has a somewhat powerful voice, which comes out well in the patter song ... "If you want a receipt for that popular mystery," whilst his solo "When first I put this uniform on," was received with great éclat, and another said that he "evoked enthusiastic applause".

Through most of 1883 Federici toured as Strephon in Iolanthe. The Leeds Mercury wrote that "Federici, vocally and otherwise was excellent as Strephon". So did the Manchester Times. The Bristol Mercury and Daily Post thought that "Strephon was effectively rendered by Mr. F. Federici, who not only acquitted himself very satisfactorily in the singing, but infused into the part a vein of quiet humour". However, The Era had a mixed reaction: "Mr. F. Federici, though a good actor, is a trifle too robust in style", and the Liverpool Mercury wrote that "he is too conscious of the importance of the place he holds in the piece". In 1884 he played Florian in Princess Ida. The Era called him "most artistic" in the role. In the first half of 1885, he toured as the Counsel to the Plaintiff in Trial by Jury and Sir Marmaduke Pointdextre in The Sorcerer, while also continuing to appear as Florian in Princess Ida.

In July 1885, he toured Britain in the title role in The Mikado before being sent to New York to play the same role in the first authorised American production of that opera at the Fifth Avenue Theatre. Following an American tour of The Mikado, Federici returned to Britain briefly in May 1886 to tour as Dick Deadeye in H.M.S. Pinafore and as the title character in The Mikado before taking the latter work on a D'Oyly Carte tour of Austria and Germany until January 1887. In February 1887 he made his only appearance at the Savoy Theatre in London as the ghost Sir Roderic Murgatroyd in two matinee performances of Ruddigore before being sent back to New York to play the same role until April 1887 in the first American production of Ruddigore, again at the Fifth Avenue Theatre. Following this production, he left the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.

Federici, with his wife and children, then travelled to Australia to join J. C. Williamson's company with which, in July 1887, he played Florian at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne in the first production in that country of Princess Ida. In August 1887 he appeared at the same theatre as Harry Sherwood in Alfred Cellier's operetta Dorothy, and in December 1887 he appeared there with Leonora Braham, in Edward Jakobowski's hit musical comedy Erminie, in the role of the Marquis de Pontvert. Other roles in Australia included the Mikado, the Pirate King, Dick Deadeye, Colonel Calverley and Strephon. His wife played small roles such as Lady Betty in Dorothy and Celia in Iolanthe.

Death and ghost legend
On 3 March 1888 Federici was performing the role of Mephistopheles (rather than Valentine) in Faust  on opening night at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne, Australia. Nellie Stewart was playing Marguerite, and Alfred Cellier was conducting. The opera ended with Mephistopheles sinking dramatically through a trapdoor, as he returned to the fires of hell, bearing Faust with him. However, as Federici was being lowered down into the basement, he had a heart attack and died within minutes. He was 37 years old. The Press of Melbourne wrote about Federici's career, performance and the events of the evening:
The tragic and appalling occurrence ... must command universal sympathy and regret. Mr Federici achieved considerable success both in England and America in comic opera, but he was also an excellent musician and the composer of several songs of more than average merit, and before his association with comic opera had successfully appeared as a vocalist at some of the best concerts in London, including the Monday Popular Concerts at St. James's Hall. It seems an act almost of irreverence to criticise the performance of an actor who has only just been carried to his grave. Nevertheless, it is only his due and his proper tribute to say that he both sang and acted on Saturday night in a truly artistic manner and that he has never been seen to greater advantage than he was on that occasion. ... The theatre was closed on Monday evening out of respect to the memory of the deceased artist.

The Argus newspaper in Melbourne, among many other press reports, carried a detailed account of the incident. It noted that soon after he collapsed, Federici was carried to the theatre's green room, where his doctor was unable to revive him and pronounced him dead.

The cast onstage, like the audience, were unaware of his sudden death, but when they were told of what had happened at the end of the opera, they reportedly said that he had just been onstage and taken the bows with them. Since then, members of the theatre's staff have claimed to see a ghostly figure in evening dress at the theatre. For many years, a third-row seat in the dress circle was kept vacant in his honour on every opening night.

He was buried in Melbourne General Cemetery on 5 March 1888. The Federici Bistro in Melbourne is named after him. His wife and children returned to England in June 1888 and moved in with her father, Luigi Finili, a plaster-figures-maker from Lucca. In 1894, she remarried.

See also
List of ghosts

References

External links
Federici's Theatre Credits on broadwayworld.com
'The Not So Final Curtain of Frederick Federici' – Unexplainable.Net
'Federici the real Phantom of the Opera in Haunted' – YouTube

1850 births
1888 deaths
Musicians from Florence
Grand Duchy of Tuscany people
19th-century British male opera singers
English bass-baritones
Operatic bass-baritones
Burials at Melbourne General Cemetery


title: Marcelo Goiano

text:
Marcelo Augusto Ferreira Teixeira (born 13 October 1987), known as Marcelo Goiano, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender.

Club career
Born in Goias, Marcelo Goiano played for various clubs in the lower leagues. He spent the 2012–13 season on loan at  Portuguese club Feirense from Grêmio Anápolis. He made 25 appearances for the Segunda Liga club before being loaned to Portugal again, this time in the top-flight Primeira Liga to join Académica. The following season, he signed for Braga on a four-year contract.

Honours
Braga
Taça de Portugal: 2015–16

References

External links

1987 births
Footballers from Goiás
Living people
Men's association football defenders
Brazilian men's footballers
Esporte Clube XV de Novembro (Jaú) players
C.D. Feirense players
Académica de Coimbra (football) players
S.C. Braga players
Sivasspor footballers
Liga Portugal 2 players
Primeira Liga players
Süper Lig players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey


title: Frome Street

text:
Frome Street is a street in the East End of the Adelaide city centre, South Australia. It runs from North Terrace in the north to Angas Street, and then as Regent Street North to Carrington Street in the south. North of North Terrace, Frome Street continues towards North Adelaide as Frome Road.

Built in the early 1960s, the street was named after Edward Charles Frome, who was Surveyor General of South Australia for most of the 1840s.

History

Frome Street was not part of the William Light's plan for Adelaide, and did not exist as a main street until the 1960s. It has a disjointed and winding structure compared to the planned arterial roads. The 1960s Adelaide City Council planned Frome Street to extend from Frome Road as part of a link from Main North Road to Glen Osmond Road, to relieve traffic congestion in King William Street. The development of the street had commenced by 1962, widening Tavistock Street (North Terrace to Rundle Street) and Ackland Street (Grenfell Street to Wakefield Street) and purchasing properties in between.

In the 1970s the state government halted the development, so the street only extends part way across the city centre.

Frome Road, of which Frome Street is a continuation, was named after Edward Charles Frome, Surveyor-General for most of the 1840s.

Frome Street Bikeway
In 2014, the southern part of Frome Street was modified to create separated bike lanes between the parallel car parking and the footpath. These lanes connect with minor laneways to the south and a path across the Adelaide Parklands as the Frome Street Bikeway. By June 2014, the separated bike lanes extended as far north as Pirie Street, with community consultation yet to occur for extension further north. In 2017–18, the bikeway was extended to Grenfell Street (completed February 2018), and part of what had already been built was removed and relaid to match.

There were some calls to remove the city's first separated bikeway, but after the Adelaide Design Manual was produced, followed by the Bikeways Design Guide, the state government gave the City a  grant to help it rebuild the Frome Street bikeway as well as a new east–west cycling corridor. The City matched the amount for its own spend on the project.

, the Frome Street Bikeway is being integrated into the North-South Bikeway, which is "build[ing] on the existing Frome Bikeway and will connect the existing Rugby/Porter Bikeway in Unley to the Braund Road Bike Boulevard in Prospect". The Rundle Street to Greenhill Road section has been completed.

References

Streets in Adelaide


Gil Evans Live at the Royal Festival Hall London 1978 is a live album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans recorded in London in 1978 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Arthur Blythe, George Adams, and Lew Soloff and released on RCA label.

Reception
Allmusic awarded the album 2 stars.

Track listing
All compositions by Gil Evans except as indicated
 "Angel" (Jimi Hendrix) - 5:05
 "Parabola" (Alan Shorter) - 6:45
 "Orange Was The Colour of Her Dress then Silk Blue" (Charles Mingus) - 7:00
 "Stone Free" (Hendrix) - 10:20
 "Fugue from Concorde" (John Lewis) - 8:30
 "Blues Inc. Medley: Cheryl/Birdhead/Relaxing at Camarillo" (Charlie Parker)
 "Epilogue"

Personnel
Gil Evans - piano, electric piano, arranger, conductor
Lew Soloff - trumpet, piccolo trumpet
Ernie Royal - trumpet, flugelhorn
Hannibal Marvin Peterson - trumpet, orchestra chimes
John Clark - French horn, guitar
Bob Stewart - tuba, flugelhorn
Arthur Blythe - alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
George Adams - tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, bass clarinet, alto flute
David Sanborn - alto saxophone, soprano saxophone, flute
Pete Levin - Minimoog, clavinet
Masabumi Kikuchi - electric organ
Herb Bushler - bass
Sue Evans - drums, timpani, percussion

References

1979 live albums
Gil Evans live albums
Albums arranged by Gil Evans
RCA Records live albums


title: Jammu division

text:
The Jammu division (; ) is a revenue and administrative division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.   It is bordered by the Kashmir division to the north.  It consists of the districts of Jammu, Doda, Kathua, Ramban, Reasi, Kishtwar, Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Samba. Most of the land is hilly or mountainous, including the Pir Panjal Range which separates it from the Kashmir Valley and part of the Great Himalayas in the eastern districts of Doda and Kishtwar. Its principal river is the Chenab.

Jammu city is the largest city in Jammu and the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also known as "City of Temples" as it has many temples and shrines, with glittering shikhars soaring into the sky, which dot the city's skyline, creating the ambiance of a holy and peaceful city.

Home to some of the most revered Hindu shrines, such as Vaishno Devi, Jammu is a major pilgrimage centre for Hindus. A majority of Jammu's population practices Hinduism, while Islam and Sikhism enjoy a strong cultural heritage in the region.

History

The hilly regions to the south and southwest of the Kashmir Valley formed the Jammu Province of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. During the declining years of the Mughal Empire, the region comprised 22 hill states that emerged from the Mughal suzerainty. Hutchison and Vogel, who first studied these states, called them the Dugar group of states. (Dugar is a medieval term with ancient form Durgara and modern form Dogra.) The state of Jammu is believed to have been the most prominent among the Dugar group, which they identified with the kingdom of Durgara.

The term Durgara is attested in an 11th-century copper plate inscription from Chamba. The inscription refers to an attack on Chamba by the "Lord of Durgara" allied with Saumatikas and the Kiras of Chamba. However, no kingdom by that name is mentioned in the Rajatarangini. Durgara could have been a reference to Vallapura (modern Billawar) or Babbapura (modern Babor). Some scholars believe it to have been a regional or ethnic name current in the region.

Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur, who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. In the early-16th-century Mughal chronicles of Babur, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. Emperor Akbar brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in the empire.

After the decline of Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev, of the Jamuwal (or Jamwal) family, asserted its supremacy among the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states.
Towards the end of Ranjit Dev's rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab (misls) gained ascendancy, and Jammu began to be contested by the Bhangi, Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia misls. Around 1770, the Bhangi misl attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, his successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country.

In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the son of Mahan Singh.

Gulab Singh and the Dogra dynasty

After the Sikh conquest of Jammu, Gulab Singh, a descendant of Dhruv Dev via his third son, went on to enrol in the Sikh troops. He soon distinguished himself in battles and was awarded a jagir near Jammu with an allowance to keep an independent force. After the conquest of Kishtwar (1821) and the subjugation of Rajouri, he was made a hereditary Raja of Jammu in 1822, personally anointed by Ranjit Singh. His brother Dhyan Singh received Poonch and Chibhal, and Suchet Singh Ramnagar.

By 1827, Gulab Singh brought under his control all the principalities lying between Kashmir and Jammu. Thus the entire Jammu province came under the control of the three Jamwal brothers under the umbrella of the Sikh Empire.

After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the Sikh court fell into anarchy and palace intrigues took over. Gulab Singh's brothers Dhyan Singh and Suchet Singh, as well as his nephew Hira Singh, were murdered in the struggles. The relations between the Sikh court and Gulab Singh deteriorated. During the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), Gulab Singh kept aloof. He was nevertheless invited to Lahore and installed as prime minister of the Sikh Empire. His actions as the Prime Minister were duplicitous and contributed to a Sikh defeat.

The British decided to weaken the power of the Sikhs and set up Gulab Singh as a counterweight. Accordingly, they demanded a war indemnity from the Sikhs which included all of the hilly territory between the Ravi and Indus rivers, and then transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Gulab Singh paid 7.5 million Nanakshahee Rupees to the British in the transaction. Thus the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir came into being, ruled by Gulab Singh and his descendants, known as the Dogra dynasty.

During the Dogra rule, Jammu in the Jammu province and Srinagar in Kashmir province were both used as capitals, six months to a year each. Poonch and Chibhal were granted as jagirs to Dhyan Singh's surviving sons, Jawahir Singh and Moti Singh. However, Jawahir Singh got involved in conspiracies and was exiled to Punjab. Chibhal (Bhimber) thus reverted to Gulab Singh, while Poonch remained under the control of Moti Singh and his descendants under the suzerainty of Jammu and Kashmir.

Partition and accession

During the partition of India, the ruler was Maharaja Hari Singh. He, along with all the other princes, was given the choice of acceding to either India or Pakistan, taking into consideration the geographical contiguity and the wishes of the population. The Maharaja chose not to accede to either dominion before the appointed date, citing the mixed religious composition of his state. This technical independence was short-lived as the Maharaja faced a rebellion in the western districts and a Pakistan-inspired Pashtun tribal invasion. Unable to withstand the assaults, the Maharaja acceded to India on 26–27 October 1947. India airlifted troops to Kashmir to repel the raiders. However, major portions of the western districts of Muzaffarabad, Poonch, and Mirpur remained under the control of Pakistan. The remainder of the state was incorporated into India via the Constitution of India, which also provided autonomy to the state under Article 370.

Geography and climate
Jammu borders the Kashmir Valley to the north, Ladakh to the east, and Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the south. In the west, the Line of Control separates Jammu from Pakistani-administered Kashmir (known as Azad Kashmir in Pakistan). In between Kashmir Valley to the north and the Daman Koh plains to the south, the Shivalik Range comprises most of the region of Jammu. The Pir Panjal Range, the Trikuta Hills and the low-lying Tawi River basin add diversity to the terrain of Jammu. The Pir Panjal range separates Jammu from the Kashmir Valley. Jammu region has eight geographical subregions Ravi-Tawi Kandi plains, Shiwaliks, Pir Panjal belt, Chenab Valley, Bhaderwah Valley, Gandoh Valley, Paddar Valley and Warwan-Marwah Valley.

The climate of the region varies with altitude. In and around Jammu city, the climate is similar to the nearby Punjab region: hot summers, rainy monsoon, and mildly cold and foggy winters. While Jammu city itself does not experience any snowfall, the higher hills and mountains are snow-capped in winter. People from all over India come to Patnitop mountain resort to enjoy the winter snows. The shrine of Vaishno Devi is covered with snow in the winter. The Banihal Pass, which links the Jammu region to the Kashmir region, often experiences closure in the winter months due to extremely heavy snowfall.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the total population of Jammu Division is 5,350,811. Scheduled castes (Dalits) constitute 19.44% of the population and Scheduled tribes comprise 15-20% of the population in Jammu Division. Five out of 10 districts, mainly in the hilly areas of the east and north, have Muslim majorities, while the densely populated plains of the southwest are predominantly Hindu. Gurjar-Bakarwals and Gaddi-Sippis, who practice transhumance, are also found here. The largest ethnic group in the Jammu Division are the Dogras, who comprise approximately 47% of the population. Jammu's people are closely related to Punjabis.

The Jammu District overall has a population – 84% practice Hinduism, 7% practice Islam and most of the remainder are Sikhs. The Hindus form a majority in the Jammu, Kathua, Samba and Udhampur districts, and roughly half the population in the Reasi district. Most of Jammu's Hindus are native Dogras, Kashmiri Pandits, Punjabi Hindu migrants and refugees from the Kotli and Mirpur areas which are currently administered by Pakistan. Many Sikhs are migrants from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, mainly from Muzaffarabad and Poonch sector areas annexed by Pakistan in 1947.

In Jammu Division, "Dogri is spoken by a majority in the five districts of Jammu, Udhampur, Kathua, Samba and Reasi". Other common languages include Gojri, Pahari, Kashmiri, Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu.

Hindus of Jammu region are subdivided into various caste groups, and of them Brahmins and Rajputs are the predominant ones. According to the 1941 census, 30% of them were Brahmin, 27% Rajput, 15% Thakkar, 4% Jat, 8% Khatri and 8% Megh and Chamar are the most common. Other Backward Classes comprises 32% of population in Jammu.

The districts of Rajouri, Poonch, Doda, Kishtwar and Ramban have a Muslim-majority population. The Reasi district has an almost equal number of Muslims (49.7%) and Hindus (48.9%). The Muslim ethnic groups are, Gujjar and Bakerwal in Poonch and Rajouri districts who are ethno-linguistically different from the Kashmiri Muslims. There is a substantial presence of Kashmiri Muslims in Kishtwar, Ramban and Doda districts. Reasi district also has a significant population of Kashmiri Muslims. The Jammu district also has a significant population of Kashmiri Hindus.

Districts
As of April 2021, the Jammu Division consists of ten districts:

During the Maharaja's reign before the Independence and Partition of India (and of Jammu and Kashmir), the following districts were also part of Jammu region: Bhimber, Kotli, Mirpur, Poonch (Western parts), Haveli, Bagh and Sudhnati. Today these districts are part of Pakistan Administered Jammu and Kashmir.

Politics
The major political parties in the region are the Congress, the BJP, the National Conference, the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party and the Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party.

Various sections of the society in the region including the BJP have been advocating the separation of Jammu region from Kashmir and its inclusion as a distinct entity into the Indian Union, citing largely Kashmir-centric policies in the existing state and neglect of the Jammu region by successive Kashmir dominated administrations.

In November 2020, the organisation IkkJutt Jammu was launched as a party and demanded Jammu division be separated and given statehood. The then social organisation IkkJutt Jammu campaigned against the Roshni Act, which was declared unconstitutional by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in 2020.

The present arrangement of legislative assembly seats (46 in Kashmir and 37 in Jammu) deprives Jammu region an equal say in decision-making process. This has been the main point of contention behind the strong regional divide. There have been repeated demands for the constitution of a Delimitation Commission to address issues related to electoral arrangements. After changing the status of the state to Union territory, the Government announced setting up of Delimitation Commission with retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai as its chairman.

Economy
Jammu Chamber of Commerce & Industry is an apex body of traders, industrialists and those associated with commercial activities in the Jammu division.

Places of interest

Jammu is known for its landscape, ancient temples, Hindu shrines, Mubarak Mandi Palace, Amar Mahal Palace (a castle type) now a Museum, gardens and forts. Hindu holy shrine Vaishno Devi attracts tens of thousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's natural landscape has made it one of the most favoured destinations for adventure tourism in South Asia. Jammu's historic monuments feature a unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architecture styles.

Purmandal
PURMANDAL, also known as Chhota Kashi or Kashi of Jammu , is located 35 km from Jammu city. An ancient holy place, it has several temples of Shiva and other deities. On Shivratri, the town wears a festive look and for three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to Goddess Parvati.

Vaishno Devi shrine

The town of Katra, which is  from Jammu, contains the Vaishno Devi shrine. Nestling on top of the Trikuta Hills at a height of  is the sacred cave shrine of Vaishno Devi, the mother goddess. The cave is  long and just  high. At the end of the cave are shrines dedicated to the three forms of the mother goddess — Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasarasvati. Pilgrims start trekking to the cave temple, which is  from Katra, enter in small groups through a narrow opening and walk through ice-cold waters to reach the shrines. According to legend, the mother goddess hid in the cave while escaping a demon whom she ultimately killed.

Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary

Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary is in an area of thick forests teeming with wildlife. It is a renowned natural habitat for a significant population of pheasants. Among the other avifauna are Indian mynah, blue rock pigeon, Indian peafowl, red junglefowl, cheer pheasant and chakor.

Spread over an area of , the sanctuary is rich in fauna and provides refuge to a wide variety of mammals, chiefly leopard, wild boar, rhesus monkey, bharal and grey langur.

Mansar Lake

Situated 62 km from Jammu, Mansar Lake is a lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile long by half a mile wide.  Besides being an excursion destination in Jammu, it is also a holy site, sharing the legend and sanctity of Lake Manasarovar.

On the eastern bank of Mansar Lake is a shrine dedicated to Sheshnag, a mythological snake with six heads. The shrine comprises a big boulder on which are placed a number of iron chains perhaps representing the small serpents waiting on the tutelary deity of the Sheshnag. Newlyweds consider it auspicious to perform three circumambulations (Parikarma) around the lake to seek the blessings of Sheshnag.

Two ancient temples of Umapati Mahadev and Narasimha and a temple of Durga are situated in the vicinity of the Mansar Lake and which are visited by devotees in large numbers. People take a holy dip in the water of the lake on festive occasions.  Certain communities of Hindus perform the Mundan ceremony (first haircut) of their male children here.

Mansar Lake also has boating facilities provided by the Tourism Department.

With all the religious belief and heritage behind the Mansar Lake, it is also famous among tourists with all its flora and fauna. The lake is circled by an illuminated, with viewing decks to observe seasonal birds, tortoise, and fishes of different species.  A wildlife sanctuary houses jungle life, including spotted deer, neelgai, and water birds such as cranes and ducks. One can also witness the traditional and typical distinct lifestyle of Gujjar and Backarwals wearing ethnic costumes, living in open Kullhas in the hills around Mansar Lake.

The Mansar Lake road joins to another important road that directly links Pathankot to Udhampur. Udhampur is a town of strategic importance, on National Highway No. 1A. The shortcut road from Mansar or Samba to Udhampur by-pass the Jammu town. Surinsar Lake, a smaller lake that is linked to Mansar, is  from Jammu via the by-pass road.

Bahu Fort

Bahu Fort, which also serves as a religious temple, is situated about 5 km from Jammu city on a rock face on the left bank of the river Tawi. This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in Jammu city. Constructed originally by Raja Bahulochan over 3000 years ago, the fort was improved and rebuilt by Dogra rulers. Inside the fort is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Kali, popularly known as Bave Wali Mata, the presiding deity of Jammu. Every Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this temple and partake in "Tawi flowing worship". Today the fort is surrounded by a terraced garden which is a favourite picnic spot of the city folk.

Bagh-e-Bahu, located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives a nice view of the old city and Tawi river. There is a small canteen on one side of the garden.

On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient Mahamaya Temple overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding view of the city.

Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the River Tawi is a temple dedicated to Mahamaya of Dogra descent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of Bawey Wali Mata was built shortly after the coronation of Maharaja Gulab Singh, in 1822. It is also known as the temple of Mahakali and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of mystical power.

Raghunath Temple

Amongst the temples in Jammu, the Raghunath Temple takes pride of place being situated right in the heart of the city. This temple is situated at the city center and was built in 1857. Work on the temple was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh, founder of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, in 1835 CE and was completed by his son Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 CE. The inner walls of the main temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides. There are many galleries with hundreds of thousands of shaligrams. The surrounding Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with the epic Ramayana. This temple consists of seven shrines, each with a tower of its own. It is the largest temple complex in northern India. Though 130 years old, the complex is remarkable for sacred scriptures, one of the richest collections of ancient texts and manuscripts in its library. Its arches, surface, and niches are undoubtedly influenced by Mughal architecture while the interiors of the temple are plated with gold. The main sanctuary is dedicated to Lord Vishnu's eighth incarnation and Dogras' patron deity, Rama. It also houses a Sanskrit Library containing rare Sanskrit manuscripts.

Peer Kho Cave

Alongside the same Tawi river are the Peer Kho Cave temple, the Panchbakhtar temple and the Ranbireshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva with their own legends and specific days of worship. Peer Kho cave is located on the bank of river Tawi and it is widely believed that Ramayan character Jamvant (the bear god) meditated in this cave. The Ranbireshwar Temple has twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring  to  and galleries with thousands of shaligrams fixed on stone slabs. Located on the Shalimar Road near the New Secretariat, and built by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1883 CE. It has one central lingam measuring  in height and twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring from  and galleries with thousands of Shiva lingams fixed on stone slabs.

Shivkhori

The cave shrine of Shivkhori, situated in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir, depicts the natural formation of shivlingum. It is one of the most venerated cave shrines of Lord Shiva in the region. The holy cave is approximately  long, and contains " high Svayambhu Lingum, which constantly baths in a milky lime fluid dripping from the ceiling." The first entrance of the cave is so wide that 300 devotees can be accommodated at a time. Its cavern is spacious enough to accommodate a large number of people. The inner chamber of the cave is smaller. The cave has many natural impressions and images of various Hindu deities and full of divine feelings. That is why Shivkhori is known as "the Home of Gods".

A 3-day Shiv Khori mela takes places annually on Maha Shivratri and thousands of pilgrims from different parts of the state and elsewhere visit this cave shrine to seek the blessings of Lord Shiva. The Maha Shivratri festival is usually held in February or during the first week of March every year. Keeping in view the increasing rush of pilgrims to the holy cave shrine, the Shiv Khori Shrine Board has taken up a number of steps to develop this spot in a bid to provide more and more facilities to the devotees, like the construction of a Shrine Guest House at a cost of Rs. 19 lakh at village Ransoo, the base camp of yatra, a reception centre and pony shed at an estimated cost of , tile work of entire a  track is nearing completion, plantation of ornamental and medicinal plants on track and development of parks etc. Other arrangements like electrification of the cave with modern techniques, provision of oxygen and electric generators, exhaust fans, construction of shelter sheds for travellers with toilet facilities near the cave site, 15 shelter sheds en route Ransoo to cave shrine, railing from the base camp to cave, additional facility of 15,000/EfnrKing water reservoir, proper sanitation, provision of 25 kV capacity electric transformer, clock room, starting of permanent bus services from Katra, Udhampur, and Jammu, police post and dispensary and an STD PCO are under active consideration of the Shiv Khori Shrine Development Board.

Recently, the management and development of the Shiv Khori have been taken over by Sri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board who is looking after Vaishno Devi pilgrimage.

Machail Mata

Machail Mata The Chandi Maa temple is located in the village Machel, District Kishtwar, Jammu Region. The place is about  from Jammu. During 'Chhadi Yatra', thousands of people visit the shrine. The pilgrimage happens in the month of August only every year. The shrine was visited in 1981 by Thakur Kulveer Singh of Bhaderwah, Jammu region. From 1987 onwards, Thakur Kulveer Singh started 'Chhadi Yatra'that happens every year and thousands of people visit the shrine every year during 'Chhadi Yatra'. To reach the shrine, a lot of travel agents arrange buses from Jammu, Udhampur, Ramnagar, Bhaderwah. One can also hire a cab as well. It takes approximately 10 hours by road from Jammu to Gulabgarh. The Gulabgarh is the base camp. From Gulabgarh, the foot journey starts, that is 32 km. Usually, people take 2 days to reach the shrine by foot. On the way, there are many villages, where one can stay the night but the chaddi takes three days to reach Machel. Many people organise roadside 'langers' (free food points) on the way to the Gulabgarh. The government of Jammu and Kashmir also arranges basic amenities for the pilgrims.

Another means of reaching the shrine is by helicopter from Jammu and Gulabgarh. The helipad is only  from the shrine.

City centres and attractions

One of the major attractions of Jammu is a revolving restaurant named Falak, located on the top of the hotel KC Residency. Ragunath Bazar is the main tourist and shopping districts of the city. The locality of Gandhi Nagar hosts the market areas of Gole Market, on Apsara Road. On any pleasant evening, one can take a stroll in Green Belt Park alongside the magnificent bungalows that adorn Green Belt Road. Rajinder Park on Canal Road is a new development. This park is situated between two canals and features a large fountain which is lit up at night. A children's area is located next to the park.

The city has "Big Bazaar" at Jewel Chowk as one of the shopping centres. A shopping mall named as 'Wave - The Wave Mall' is popular. There is one more shopping mall named as Palm Island near Canal Road. Also, a complex and a new age commercial hub by the name of Bahu-Plaza in Trikuta Nagar area is a common hangout spot for youngsters and young professionals. Most of the corporate sector and most of the mobile phone companies like Airtel, BSNL, Vodafone, Aircel and Tata Indicom are based in the Bahu Plaza complex. There are many cinema halls, the best out of those are KC Cineplex, Wave Cinema, Palm Cinema, etc. A PVR is also there near KC Cineplex.

Cuisine
Jammu is known for its chocolate barfi, sund panjeeri, patisa and its exotic local food. Rajma with rice is one of the specialty dishes of Jammu. Another is , which is a processed cheese made by adding calf rennet in the buffalo milk. Fiddlehead Fern also known as  is a GI Tagged item from he division and is highly prized for its taste and medicinal values and is often consumed as vegetable or pickle. Kohlrabi knows as  in jammu is also a speciality product and its stew is eaten with rice.

Kalari
Kalari cheese is specialty made in the Ramnagar region of Jammu is famous all over the state.

Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat, kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and . Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, , mango with saunf, zimikand, , , and potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with potatoes. During weddings it is typical to make kayoor and sund.

Festivals of Jammu

Lohri

This festival heralds the culmination of cold weather and is celebrated a day before Makar Sankranti. In rural areas, it is customary for young boys to go around asking for gifts from newlyweds and parents of newborns.

Lohri in Dogra households of Jammu is special because of various additional traditions associated with it like Chajja making, Hiran Dance, Dandaraas and preparing Lohri garlands.

Young children prepare a replica of peacock which is known as Chajja. They carry this Chajja and then go from one house to other house celebrating Lohri. A special dance is performed using this Chajja on the occasion of Lohri. It makes a striking picture to see boys along with their Chajjas elaborately decorated with coloured paper and flowers dance on the street in a procession. The whole atmosphere of Jammu comes alive with pulsating drumbeats. Besides, dancing boys strike sticks on rhythm of a drum as in Raslila. This is known as Dandaraas.

In and around Jammu, special Hiran Dance is performed. Dancers disguise themselves as deer and dance on tune of Hirana songs. They visit selected houses which have auspicious ceremonies & have prepared eatables. Children wear special garlands made of groundnuts, dry fruits and candies on Lohri day. Special eatable is prepared using sesame, rice and groundnuts which is known as Tilcholi. Pageant of Sassi-Punnu, two lovers of Sindhi folk tradition are also taken out on camels during the festival.

The next day, the whole region wears a festive look on Makar Sankranti. Thousands take a dip in the holy river Havan Yajnas are performed in nearly every house and temple in Jammu.

Uttarain or Maghi Sangrand (Makar Sankranti)

In Jammu, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Uttarain (derived from Sanskrit: Uttarayana). Alternatively, terms Attrain or Attrani have also been used to describe this festival. A day before Lohri is celebrated by Dogras to commemorate end of Poh (Pausha) month. It is also beginning the Magha month as per Hindu Solar Calendar, hence also known as Maghi Sangrand (Sankranti of Magh month).

Among Dogras, there is a tradition of Mansana (charity) of Khichdi of Maah Dal. Khichdi of Maah di Dal is also prepared on this day and that is why this day is also referred to as Khichdi wala Parva'. There is also a tradition of sending Khichdi & other food items to house of married daughters. Fairs are organised on holy places and pligrimages on this day. Dhagwal in Hiranagar tehsil is known for Fair on Makar Sankranti and Janamashtami.

People of Jammu also take holy bath in Devika river and pilgrimages like Uttar Behni and Purmandal on this occasion. This day is also celebrated as birth anniversary of Baba Ambo ji, a local deity of Jammu region.

At Vasuki temple of Bhaderwah of Jammu, the idols of Vasuki Nag are covered on Magh Sankranti and they are uncovered only after three months on Vaisakha Sankranti.

 Bhugga (Sankashti Chaturthi)

This festival is celebrated on fourth day of Krishna Paksha of Magha month of Hindu Calendar. It is celebrated in reverence to Hindu God Ganesha and is also known as Sankashti Chaturthi. Dogra women perform Arghya to Chandrama at night. Bhugga (Til Jaggery mixture) and Radish are donated and eaten to complete the fast.

 Basant Panchami
Basant Panchami festival is dedicated for worship of Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of learning, arts and music and for welcoming Spring Season. People wear yellow or saffron or orange colored clothes on this day. Saffron colored food items are prepared and offered as Naivedhya to Goddess Saraswati. People sing folk songs like Aayi Basant, Paala Udant'. This day is also special for Dogras because on Basant Panchami of year 1944, Dogri Sanstha came into existence.

 Kan Chauth (Gauri Chaturthi)
It is observed on fourth day of Shukla Paksha of Magha month of Hindu Calendar in the hill districts & tehsils of Jammu Division especially Bhaderwah, Doda, Kishtwar and Ramban. A day before Gauri Tritiya is also observed by some communities. This festival is observed by married woman similar to Karwa Chauth, only difference being fast is completed here after Gauri Puja in the day. Goddess Gauri is worshipped for long life and health of husbands by women. The festivity remains for three days. During these three days, ladies go in the neighborhood to offer ‘Thel’ (respect) to other women and get in return their blessing ‘Suhagan Bho’ (Live long your husband).

 Holi
Holi is celebrated in traditional way in Jammu. On the eve of Holi, Holika Dahan is performed. The next day people enjoy by playing with colors. Earlier people used to decorate themselves using special headgears which were prepared using colored papers and silver ribbons. These were known as Patangi. A Dogra sweet dish Khaste (similar to Gujjiya) is prepared on this day. A three-day fair is organised at Narsingh Dev temple in Kathua.

 Ram Naumi (Rama Navami)
Rama Navami, the birth of Shri Rama is celebrated with religious fervour & gaiety all across Jammu. The day also coincides with culmination of nine-day long Navaratra festival. Special function on Rama Navami is held in the historical Raghunath Temple in Jammu city where large number of devotees pay their obeisance to Lord Rama. Even during Dogra rule, the rulers would personally visit Raghunath Mandir and offer worship to Shri Rama, their patron deity. Besides, worship and offerings to the deity inside the temple, there are a number of discourses on Bhagwan Ram's life and Ramayana.

On this auspicious occasion, Shobha Yatra is taken out. Images of Shri Rama, Mata Sita & Lakshman and number of tableaux depicting scenes from Ramayana are taken out in a grogeous procession. Devotees shower flower petals on the Shobha Yatra. Number of market unions and Hindu organisations, organise Bhandaras on this occasion.

Basoa (Vishuva) or Baisakhi (Mesha Sankranti)

The name Baisakhi is taken from the first month of the Hindu Vikram calendar. It is celebrated on the first day of Vaisakh month and marks the day of Mesha Sankranti. It is also known as 'Basoa' in Dogri.

On this day, devotees get up early in the morning, throng the rivers, canals, and ponds and take a ritual dip every year on this occasion. In Dogra households, a Puja is performed afterwards and part of food crop is offered to the deities. New fruit of the year is enjoyed on this day. A Ritual Bath at Tawi river during Baisakhi is common in Jammu.

Baisakhi is celebrated at Udhampur on the bank of Devika river where for three days devotees enjoy the folk songs. At Sudhmahadev', this festival is celebrated with great pomp and show where folk singers come down and a competition of folk songs is held. Vendors generally install their shops and stalls of eatables.

Many people go to the Nagbani temple to witness the grand New Year celebration. Baisakhi is also considered  "harvest festival" and considered auspicious, especially for marriages. Celebrations of Baisakhi also include Dogri Bhangra which is closely related to Punjabi variant, with respect to actions, costumes and songs.

The occasion is marked by numerous fairs and people come by the thousands to celebrate Baisakhi. For example, Airwan in Kathua is known for Baisakhi fair attended by 10,000 people as per Census 1961. Every year on Baisakhi festival around 15,000 pilgrims pay their obeisance at 700 tear old temple of Subar Nag Devta temple in Bhaderwah. Other places where Baisakhi fairs are held are Doda Bridge and Ramban.

 Bahu Mela (March–April and September–October)

A major festival is held at the Kali Temple in Bahu Fort twice a year.

 Chaitre Chaudash (March–April)

Chaitre Chaudash is celebrated at Uttar Behni and Purmandal, about  and  from Jammu respectively. Uttar Behni gets its name from the fact that the Devak River (locally also known as Gupt Ganga) flows here in the northerly direction.

 Purmandal Mela (February–March)

Purmandal is  from Jammu city. On Shivratri the town wears a festive look for three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to the Goddess Parvati. The people of Jammu also come out in their colourful best to celebrate Shivratri at Peer Khoh Cave Temple, the Ranbireshwar Temple, and the Panjbhaktar Temple. In fact, if one visits Jammu during Shivratri, one finds a celebration going on almost everywhere.

 Dhamdeh (Dharma Dhihada - Aashada Sankranti) & Nirjala Ekadashi
Both of these festivals are celebrated similarly. Dhamdeh also known as Dharma Dhihada or Dharma Divas is celebrated on Sankranti of Aashadha month. People take a ritual bath and perform Mansana (charity) of hand fans, water pitchers and seasonal fruits like melons. These donations are made in name of Pitras (ancestors). Major celebration is people offering sweet water drinks and food to poor and needy. Similar rituals are observed on Nirjala Ekadashi ( celebrated on Jyestha Shukla Ekadashi) where in addition a strict Vrata is observed in honour of Lord Vishnu.

 Rutt Raahde & Sakolade (Shravana Sankranti) Rutt Raahde is a festival celebrated by Dogra women of all ages from Aashada Sankranti to Shravana Sankranti. The last day i.e. Shravana Sankranti is referred to as Sakolade or Minjraan. Young girls and women collect necks of broken earthen pitchers and insert them into ground. Seeds of Kharif crops are sown inside these pitchers. These are known as Raahde which are then decorated with rangoli patterns using natural colors. Every Sunday, women would assemble and sing folk songs and enjoy eatables like Rutt, Gheur & Pudas, at the site where Raahde are inserted. On the last day of festival i.e. Badda Rutt, women would again assemble, sing folk songs, enjoy eatables and finally immerse the Raahde in water bodies. The final day i.e. Shravana Sankranti is also known as Sakolade (named after the ear ornaments that are worn during this day.) In parts of Himachal, Sakolade are also referred to as Minjraan.

 Thongren Da Vrat (Krishna Janmashtami)
Janmashtami in Dogri is also referred to as Thongren Da Vrat, meaning Vrata for Thakur (Lord Krishna). A fast is observed in honour of Sri Krishna by adults, while kids & youngsters enjoy Kite flying on this day.  Girls and women decorate their palms by applying Teera, dye of an indigenous plant.

Some families have tradition of keeping cereal grains in name of Kul Devtas, Pitras (ancestors) & family members. This is known as Deyaa Parna. These cereal grains are then offered to wood of a holy tree called Jhand. This is known as Jhand Puja. The wood is covered in sacred cloth called shoaath. Clay sculptures of a couple and their children are placed on the cloth, and are worshipped. They are offered Kheer (without sugar) and Makkhan. This is followed by offering Dropads (kind of chapatis) to cows. This practice is called ‘dropad mansnaa‘. Some people also enjoy swings on tree known as peengan.At night, people dress up their children like deities. Towns and cities witness several processions. At midnight, Sund Panjeeri is offered as Naivedya to Sri Krishna.

 Bacch Dua (Vatsa Dwadashi) & Drubadi (Durvashtami)
Vatsa Dwadashi in Jammu region is celebrated on twelfth day of Krishna Paksha of Bhadrapada month as Bacch Dua and Durvashtami as Drubadi on eighth day of Shukla Paksha of Bhadrapada month. In both these festivals, women prepare small sized idols/sculptures of calves using wheat dough. These are worshipped on water bodies. Soaked Black chickpeas & Durva grass is used for Puja. Dogra dishes like Rutt and Dropad are used as Naivedya.

Singh Sankrant (Simha Sankranti)

It is celebrated on first day of solar month of Hindu Calendar i.e. Bhadrapada. The festival holds special significance in Ramban district of Jammu division. People visit Chandrabhaga river and offer floral offerings. It is popularly known by the name Singh Sankrant. Local tradition traces the origin of festival to Pandavas.

 Tulsi Puja & Panj Bhikham (Bhishma Panchak)
Tulsi Puja is performed in Dogra families from Kartika Shukla Ekadashi till Kartika Purnima. This five-day period is known as Panj Bhikham (Bhishma Panchak).

On the occasion of Tulsi Puja, Dogra families would decorate the Tulsi plant pot and would write Ram Ram on them. This is known as Tulsi Da Chauntra in Dogri. They would cover the plant with Red Dupatta or Chunni. A fast is also observed on Kartika Shukla Ekadashi in honour of Lord Vishnu and Tulsi Mata. Women light up Diyas from Ekadashi till Purnima on Tulsi plant. This ceremony is known as Deeve in Dogri. Some families may also organize Tulsi Vivah with Shaligram. It is believed that Tulsi has got affinity with Shaligram.

 Jhiri Mela (October–November)

An annual fair is held in the name of Baba Jitto, a simple and honest farmer who preferred to kill himself rather than submit to the unjust demands of the local landlord to part with his crop. He killed himself in the village of Jhiri, 14 km from Jammu. A legend has grown around the Baba and his followers congregate at Jhiri on the appointed day from every corner of North India; they revere him for his compassion, courage, and honesty.

 Navratri Festival (September–October)

Though the yatra to the shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi is a round-the-year event, a pilgrimage undertaken during the Navratras is considered the most auspicious. In order to showcase and highlight the regional culture, heritage and traditions of the area during this period, the State Tourism Department has instituted the Navratri Festival as an annual event to be held during September/October for the nine auspicious days of the Navratras. A large number of tourists pay their obeisance to the deity during this period. This festival showcases the religious traditions as well as the popular culture of the region among the millions of pilgrims who visit the Vaishnodeviji Shrine during this period.

 Rath Kharda Mela
An eight-day fair is organised in Narsingh and Annapurna Temple in Ghagwal of Samba district of Jammu division. This fair involves taking out procession of deity on a chariot. Hence named Rath Kharda Mela. Thousands of devotees are drawn from neighbouring states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and also other parts of Jammu region. People from hilly areas of Jammu like: Basohli, Doda, Kishtwar, Bani, Dudu Basantgarh put stalls in this fair and sell the handicrafts and woolen items like Pattus, blankets & shawls.During this fair, the temple is decorated with flowers and lights. Devotees visit the temple and pay obeisance to the main deity, Bhagwan Narsimha. A Bhandara is also organised for the devotees. Local farmers sow their fields in the name of Bhagwan Narsimha and while harvesting their crops offer a part of it to the temple during this fair.

Besides Ghagwal, Rath Kharda Mela'' is also held at other places of Jammu division like: Ramgarh tehsil of Udhampur district, Parnala village in Billawar tehsil and Hatli village in Kathua.

Shivratri (Herath)
Shivaratri () is a festival of great significance for Hindus all over the world, especially for those of Kashmiri origin settled in Jammu. On this day, Lord Siva and his spouse Parvati are worshipped with great devotion everywhere in the country. Esoterically, it is symbolic of the mystic union of Jiva (individual soul) with Paramatma (the Supreme Godhead) and it represents the high state of spiritual realization wherein the world of relativity fades away and perfect peace and calm prevail. Along with worshipping 'Shiva' people observe both social and cultural meets on this festival. They rejoice and exchange greetings with friends and relatives.

Education
Jammu region has many institutes offering higher education. The colleges varies from medical colleges, to engineering colleges, and many other government and private colleges.

Some of the major higher educational institutes in Jammu Region are:
 Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu (IIT Jammu)
 Indian Institute of Management Jammu (IIM Jammu)
 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijaypur, Jammu (AIIMS Vijaypur)
 Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
 Government Medical College, Jammu
 Government Medical College, Kathua
 Government Medical College, Rajouri
 Government Medical College, Udhampur
 Government Medical College, Doda
 University of Jammu
 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
 Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu
 Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College
 Maharaja Harisingh Agricultural Collegiate School
 Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
 Mahant Bachittar Singh College Of Engineering And Technology, Jammu
 Sainik School, Nagrota
 Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University
 Central University of Jammu
 Cluster University of Jammu

See also
 List of topics on the land and the people of "Jammu and Kashmir"
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Jammu–Srinagar
 Dogri
 Dogra
 Duggar
 Prakash Singh Chib

References

Bibliography

External links

 The Official Website of Jammu and Kashmir Government
 Official Website of Jammu Division
 Official Website of Jammu District

 Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board – Shrines in Jammu
 Bhaderwah – Website about Bhaderwah
 Mata Pingla

Jammu and Kashmir
Divisions of Jammu and Kashmir


title: Ananda Omesh

text:
Ananda Omesh, born Ananda Rusdiana (born August 21, 1986) is an Indonesian actor, comedian, and presenter. He is known for his work on the Trans TV variety show Extravaganza. He also has worked as a presenter on television shows such as 60 Minutes, Insert Pagi, Indonesia Mencari Bakat, and Missing Lyrics.

Career
He had an interest in playing hip-hop music, but never pursued it as a career. He began as one of the cast of the variety show Extravaganza. He hosted the Trans TV talent search show Indonesia Mencari Bakat in its first until fourth season. He won "Favorite Talent Show Presenter" award at the 2011 Panasonic Gobel Awards and is often called to work as an MC on Indonesian television.

Personal life
Ananda Omesh was born on August 21, 1986, in Sukabumi, West Java. He is an alumnus of the Faculty of Communication of Padjadjaran University. He married actress and news anchor Dian Ayu Lestari on July 8, 2012. They have one daughter and one son.

Filmography

Film

Television
 Extravaganza (Trans TV)
 60 Minutes (Trans 7)
 Indonesia Mencari Bakat (Trans TV)
 Insert Pagi (Trans TV)
 Missing Lyrics (Trans TV)
 Sinden Gosip (Trans TV)
 On the Spot Trans 7)
 Raja Gombal (Trans 7)
 Yuk Keep Smile (Trans TV)
 WOWW (Trans TV)
 Late Night Show with Omesh (B Channel)
 On The Show with Omesh (RTV)
 Sahurnya Ramadhan (Trans TV)
 Ngabuburit (Trans TV)
 Funny Olympic (Trans TV)
 Funny Sports (Trans TV)
 Kuis Siapa Dia? (Trans 7)
 I Music (RCTI)
Ini Sahur (NET.)
 Celebrity Lipsync Combat (NET.)
 The Voice Kids Indonesia (Global TV)
 The Price is Right Indonesia (RCTI)
Kecil-Kecil Hebat (Trans7)
 Komedi Sahur (Trans TV)
 Indonesia Morning Show (NET.)
 Kuis Keren BKKBN (GTV)
 Anak Cerdas Indonesia (Trans 7)
 Family 100 Indonesia (GTV)
 The Voice Indonesia (GTV)
 Super Deal Indonesia (GTV)
 New Comedy Night Live (NET.)
 Ini Weekend (NET.)
 Dapur Panik (GTV)
 Water Break (NET.)
 NET. On Top (NET.)
 eSports Star Indonesia (GTV)
 Anak Sekolah (Trans7)
 Klik (Trans7)
 Pesta Bola Dunia 2022 (SCTV, Indosiar & Moji)
 The Singing Bee Indonesia (RCTI)
 Dream Box Indonesia (Trans TV)
 Tonight Show Premiere (NET.)
 Para Pencari Cuan (Trans7)
 Gasskeun (NET.)
 KFC Mencari Bucket (NET.)

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Profil Omesh

1986 births
People from Sukabumi
Indonesian television presenters
Male actors from West Java
Sundanese people
Living people


title: Jammu

text:
Jammu () is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, which is an Indian-administered union territory.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of , is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.

Etymology
According to local tradition, Jammu is named after its founder, Raja Jambulochan, who is believed to have ruled the area in the 9th century. Local tradition holds the city to be 3000 years old but this is not supported by historians.

Geography

Jammu is located at . It has an average elevation of . Jammu city lies at uneven ridges of low heights at the Shivalik hills. It is surrounded by the Shivalik range to the north, east, and southeast while the Trikuta Range surrounds it in the northwest. It is approximately  from the national capital, New Delhi.

The city spreads around the Tawi river with the old city overlooking it from the north (right bank) while the new neighbourhoods spread around the southern side (left bank) of the river. There are five bridges on the river. The city is built on a series of ridges.

History
According to Tarikh-i-Azmi, Jammu came into existence around 900 CE. The state of Durgara (modern forms "Duggar" and "Dogra)") is also attested from around this time. The capital of the Durgara state at that time is believed to have been Vallapura (identified with modern Billawar). Its rulers are repeatedly mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. Babbapura (modern Babor) is another state mentioned in Rajatarangini, some of whose rulers also appear by in the Vamshavali (family chronicles) of later Jammu rulers. These rulers are believed to have enjoyed almost independent status and allied themselves with the Sultans of Delhi. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of Mubarah Shah ().

Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur (), who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. In the Mughal chronicles of Babur in the early 16th century, Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. It is said to have been ruled by Manhas Rajputs. Emperor Akbar brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in the empire.

Modern history

After the decline of the Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev of the Jamuwal (Jamwal) family asserted its supremacy among the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor, Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states. Ranjit Dev promoted religious freedom and security, which attracted many craftsmen and traders to settle in Jammu, contributing to its economic prosperity.

Towards the end of Ranjit Dev's rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab (misls) gained ascendency, and Jammu began to be contested by the Bhangi, Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia misls. Around 1770, the Bhangi misl attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, Ranjit Dev's successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country. In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire by Ranjit Singh, the son of Mahan Singh.

In 1818 Raja Kishore Singh, father of Raja Gulab Singh, was appointed and anointed the ruler of Jammu principality, and hence started the Jamwal dynasty, aka Dogra dynasty, which came to rule the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under British suzerainty. The rulers built large temples, renovated old shrines, built educational institutes and many more. A 43 km long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was laid in 1897

Jammu has historically been the capital of Jammu Province and the winter capital of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952).

After the partition of India, Jammu continues as the winter capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Battles

 Battle of Jammu (1712)
 Battle of Jammu (1808)

Climate

Jammu, like the rest of north-western India, features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with extreme summer highs reaching , and temperatures in the winter months occasionally falling below . June is the hottest month with average highs of , while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching . Average yearly precipitation is about  with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to September, although the winters can also be rather wet. In winter dense smog causes much inconvenience and temperature even drops to . In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely intense sunlight or hot winds can raise the temperature to . Following the hot season, the monsoon lashes the city with heavy downpours along with thunderstorms; rainfall may total up to  in the wettest months. The city is exposed to heatwaves.

Transport

Jammu city has a railway station called Jammu Tawi (station code JAT) that is connected with major cities of India. The old railway link to Sialkot was suspended by Pakistan in September 1947, and Jammu had no rail services until 1971, when the Indian Railways laid the Pathankot-Jammu Tawi Broad Gauge line. The new Jammu Tawi station opened in October 1972 and is an origination point for express trains.
With the commencement of the Jammu–Baramulla line, all trains to the Kashmir Valley will pass through Jammu Tawi. A part of the Jammu–Baramulla project has been executed and the track has been extended to Katra. Jalandhar - Pathankot-Jammu Tawi section has been doubled and electrified.

National Highway 44  which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley. National Highway 1B connects Jammu with Poonch town. Jammu is  from Kathua town, while it is  from Udhampur city. The famous pilgrimage town of Katra is  from Jammu.

Jammu Airport is in the middle of Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar, Delhi, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Leh, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Jammu Airport operates daily 30 arrival and departure of flights which are served by Go First, Air India, SpiceJet, IndiGo and Vistara.

The city has JKSRTC city buses and minibusses for local transport which run on some defined routes. These minibusses are called "Matadors". Besides this auto-rickshaw and cycle-rickshaw service is also available. Local taxis are also available.

Administration

Jammu city serves as the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir state from November to April when all the offices move from Srinagar to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October. Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation.

Economy
Jammu city is the main cultural and economic centre of the administrative division of Jammu. A famous local basmati rice is produced in the RS Pura area near Jammu, and processed in rice mills in Jammu. The industrial estate at Bari Brahamna has a large presence of industrial units manufacturing a variety of products including carpets and electronic goods.

Tourism

Tourism is the largest industry in Jammu city. It is also a focal point for the pilgrims going to Vaishno Devi and Kashmir valley as it is second last railway terminal in North India. All the routes leading to Kashmir, Poonch, Doda and Laddakh start from Jammu city. So throughout the year, the city remains full of people from all the parts of India. Places of interest include old historic palaces like Mubarak Mandi Palace, Purani Mandi, Rani Park, Amar Mahal, Bahu Fort, Raghunath Temple, Ranbireshwar Temple, Karbala, Peer Meetha, Old city.

Demographics

As of 2011 census, the population of Jammu city was 502,197. Males constituted 52.7% of the population; females numbered constituted 47.3% of the population. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males against the national average of 940. Jammu had an average literacy rate of 89.66%, much higher than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy was 93.13% and female literacy was 85.82%. 8.47% of the population were under 6 years of age. The urban agglomeration of Jammu had a population of 657,314. Most of Jammu and Kashmir's Hindus live in the Jammu region; many speak Dogri.

Muslim communities

The city of Jammu had a significant Muslim population prior to the Partition of India, 30.4 per cent by the 1941 census. During the 1947 Jammu massacres, which preceded and continued during the Pakistan tribal invasion of Kashmir, many Muslims were killed and many driven away to Pakistan. The estimates of the number killed in the whole province vary between 20,000 and 100,000. The killings were carried out by extremist Hindus and Sikhs, allegedly orchestrated by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and aided and abetted by the state forces and the Maharaja Hari Singh.

As a result of the violence and migration, by 1961, about 17.2 per cent of the population in the city of Jammu was Muslim. The displaced Muslims took refuge in the Sialkot District and other parts of Pakistani Punjab. Many prominent Punjabi residents in Pakistan, including politician Chaudhry Amir Hussain, economist Mahbub ul Haq, Air Marshal Asghar Khan, journalist Khalid Hasan and singer Malika Pukhraj were from Jammu. A large number of these refugees also returned and resettled in the territory.

Education

In the 2014–2015 General Budget of India, Arun Jaitley, the Finance Minister of India, proposed an Indian Institute of Technology and an Indian Institute of Management for the division. List of some educational institutions is provided below.

Engineering Colleges in Jammu:-
 Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
 Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
 Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
 Yogananda College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
 University Institute of Engineering and Technology, University of Jammu

Medical Institutions:-
 Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR
 Government Medical College, Jammu

Legal Institutions:-
 Kishen Chand Law College, Jammu
 Dogra Law College, Jammu
 Calliope School of Legal Studies, Jammu
 R. K. Law College, Jammu

General Degree Courses (colleges):-
 Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu
 Govt. MAM PG College, Jammu

Universities:-
 Central University of Jammu
 Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
 University of Jammu

Schools
 Kendriya Vidyalaya, Bantalab
 Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sunjuwan

Cuisine

Jammu is known for its sund panjeeri, patisa, rajma with rice and Kalari cheese. Dogri food specialties include ambal, khatta meat, kulthein di dal, dal patt, maa da madra, rajma, and . Pickles typical of Jammu are made of kasrod, , mango with saunf, jimikand, , , and potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with potatoes. Jammu cuisine features various chaats, especially gol gappas, kachalu, Chole bhature, gulgule, rajma kulche and dahi palla, among various others.

Refugees

Kashmiri Pandit refugees

Being comparatively safe from terrorism, Jammu city has become a hub of refugees. These primarily include Kashmiri Hindus who migrated from Kashmir Valley in 1989. Hindus from Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir who migrated to India have also settled in Jammu city. According to records, approximately 31,619 Hindu families had migrated from Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir to India. Of these 26,319 families are settled in Jammu.

Rohingya refugees

Rohingyas who fled Myanmar during 2016 have also currently settled in Jammu. Some believes the settlements of Rohingya Muslims have also raised security threats in Jammu. During the 2018 Sunjuwan attack, intelligence agencies suspected but did not prove involvement of Rohingya Muslims in the attack.

Notable people

Maulana Abdur Rahman, member of the 2nd Lok Sabha

References

Bibliography

External links

Cities and towns in Jammu district

Indian capital cities
Capitals of former nations
Former capital cities in India
Cities in Jammu and Kashmir


title: Doria Deighton-Jones

text:
Doria Deighton-Jones (June 6, 1824 – March 24, 1908) was a Scottish-born American landowner and property developer in Los Angeles who built a "vast estate in and around" the city while the city was in its infancy.

Personal life
Deighton-Jones was born Doria Deighton in Perth, Scotland on June 6, 1824. She came to Los Angeles in 1855 from San Francisco, marrying John Jones in 1858. Some historians posit that Mrs. Jones converted to Judaism prior to her marriage to Jones while others maintain that she never ever converted. In Los Angeles the couple lived in a "large adobe home" adjoining the present site of Olvera Street in the Los Angeles Plaza Historic District. They had three children, including son Mark Gordon and daughters Constance (Simpson) and Caroline A. (Mrs. James B. Lankershim). Doria Deighton-Jones died on 24 March 1908 at the age of 84, in her home at 955 South Hill Street. At the time of her death, "She is said to have been the oldest 'white woman' resident of the city."

Business
Doria Deighton-Jones became a property developer after her husband's death. She was known as the "owner of a vast estate in and around Los Angeles" valued at a million dollars, at the time of her death in 1908.

Doria Deighton-Jones was an organizer of the Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society of Los Angeles in 1870, the city's first philanthropic organization, and served as its treasurer.

Olvera Street
Doria Deighton-Jones built the Simpson-Jones Building in 1894 at the #1 Olvera Street site of the family's 1840s adobe house on the Plaza, which had been torn down in 1886 when Bath Street was widened to make an extension of Main Street.   It was constructed to house William Gregory Engines, also known as Moline Engines.  Later tenants were the Diamond Shirt Company and the Soochow Restaurant. To its north is the Machine Shop building, built in 1886 on the site of the adobe's stables. After Olvera Street became a Mexican Alta California era-themed shopping area in 1930, the shop's main entryway was switched from the Main to the Olvera facade, and is the present day entrance of El Luz del Día restaurant. Its facade was remodeled in 1960 to resemble a mid-19th century Mexican bank. The name honors the Jones' daughter, Constance Jones Simpson. She inherited the property in 1908.

Alvarado Terrace
In 1902 Doria Jones subdivided her property in the Alvarado Terrace neighborhood of the Pico-Union district in Central Los Angeles. The lots were sold for only $10 each, but required the buyers to build houses that cost at least $4,000. It was publicized as "The only exclusive Residential Tract in the city. . . No flats, cottages or stores." It is the present day Alvarado Terrace Historic District, on the National Register of Historic Places.

Doria Apartments
Around 1905 the Doria Apartments building was built by Doria Jones at 1600-1604 West Pico Boulevard. It was designed in the Mission Revival style by Gotfred Hanson. It is a registered Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.

References

1824 births
1908 deaths
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Land owners from California
Scottish emigrants to the United States
19th-century American businesspeople


title: Sant State

text:
Santrampur State (Sant State, also sspeled Sunth and Soanth) is a former state located in the present-day state of Gujarat, India. It covered an area of approximately  and was bounded on the north by the dominions of Dungarpur and Banswara in Rajputana. On the east was the sub division of Jhalod in the Panch Mahals. On the south it touched the small state of Sanjeli while on the west it was bounded by the State of Lunavada.The State enjoyed a hereditary salute of 9 gun and 11 gun local salute.
The rulers of Santrampur are Parmar Rajputs. They claim descent from the Mahipavat branch of the Malwa dynasty.

See also
 Bombay Presidency
 List of Indian princely states (alphabetical)

References

Princely states of Gujarat
Salute states
13th-century establishments in India
1255 establishments in Asia
1948 disestablishments in India
Bombay Presidency
States and territories established in 1255
Panchmahal district


title: Edward Brewster

text:
Edward Jones Brewster (c.1812  – 17 March 1898) was a lawyer and politician in colonial Australia, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council.

Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1812, and educated for the Bar at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated in 1835, Brewster commenced practice under his uncle, Lord Chancellor of Ireland Abraham Brewster. Soon afterwards he came to Melbourne, and having good letters of introduction from the great Earl of Derby and others, he was, within a fortnight of his landing, made Chairman of Quarter Sessions and Commissioner of the Court of Requests. Brewster was admitted to the New South Wales Bar in 1839. Around 1841 Brewster was one of the first six barristers admitted to the Port Phillip bar (along with Robert Pohlman, Redmond Barry, James Croke, Archibald Cuninghame and James Murray).

Brewster was elected to New South Wales Legislative Council as member for Port Phillip District (later to become the separate colony of Victoria) on 1 January 1846, a position he held until 1 February 1848.

On his return to England Brewster went up to Oxford in 1853, studied for the Anglican ministry, and was ordained the same year. He was later vicar of Ampney Crucis, Gloucester, and Leyton, Essex. Brewster died in Cape Town, South Africa on his way to re-visit Australia. One newspaper put his age at death at 83. His younger brother John Grey Brewster had died the previous year at his home in Cheltenham, leaving issue.

References

1812 births
1898 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Lawyers from Dublin (city)
19th-century Australian politicians


The Grammy Award for Best American Roots Performance is an award category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first presented in 2015.

The award was first approved by the board of trustees of the Grammy Awards in June 2014. According to NARAS, the award encompasses all of the subgenres of the American Roots category field, which include Americana, bluegrass, blues, folk and other forms of regional roots music. The category is open for solo artists, duos, groups and other collaborations and is for singles or tracks only. It was joined by a sister category, Best Americana Performance, in 2023.

The Grammy is awarded to the performer(s) of the winning recording.

Recipients

Artists with multiple nominations

3 nominations
 Blind Boys of Alabama
 Brandi Carlile

2 nominations
 Rhiannon Giddens
 Sarah Jarosz
 Alison Krauss
 Mavis Staples

References and links

2015 establishments in the United States
Awards established in 2015
Grammy Award categories


title: 2014 Tianjin Health Industry Park

text:
The 2014 Tianjin Health Industry Park was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament and part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour and 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000+H (ATP) and $25,000 (ITF) in prize money. It took place in Tianjin, China, the men's event took place from 16 to 22 June 2014 while the women's event took place from 19 to 25 May 2014.

Men's singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of June 9, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Li Zhe
  Gong Maoxin
  Yan Bai
  Wang Chuhan

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Ryan Agar
  Lu Yang
  Mikhail Ledovskikh
  Liu Siyu

Doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

1 Rankings as of June 9, 2014.

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Ning Yuqing /  Ouyang Bowen
  Bai Yan /  Wu Di
  Gao Xin /  Wang Chuhan

Champions

Men's singles

 Blaž Kavčič def.  Alexander Kudryavtsev, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5

Women's singles
 Wang Qiang def.  Zhu Lin, 6–3, 6–2

Men's doubles

 Robin Kern /  Josselin Ouanna def.  Jason Jung /  Evan King, 6–7(3–7), 7–5, [10–8]

Women's doubles
 Liu Chang /  Tian Ran def.  Fatma Al-Nabhani /  Ankita Raina, 6–1, 7–5

External links

Tianjin Health Industry Park
Tianjin Health Industry Park
Tianjin Health Industry Park
Tianjin Health Industry Park
Tianjin Health Industry Park


title: Colin Aikman

text:
Colin Campbell Aikman  (24 August 1919 – 22 December 2002) was a New Zealand public servant, lawyer and diplomat. He was professor of jurisprudence and constitutional law at Victoria University of Wellington between 1955 and 1968; first Vice Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji; and New Zealand's High Commissioner to India and Bangladesh and Ambassador to Nepal between 1975 and 1978.

He reported on the Nuremberg trials for the New Zealand government and spoke for New Zealand at the UN when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted.

Aikman was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977. In the 1990 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to law and education.

Aikman's daughter, Helen Aikman (6 December 1955 – 8 January 2012) was a Queen's Counsel.

References

New Zealand diplomats
New Zealand jurists
Vice-chancellors of the University of the South Pacific
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
1919 births
2002 deaths
New Zealand expatriates in Fiji
New Zealand Commanders of the Order of the British Empire


title: Andrea Scicchitano

text:
Andrea Scicchitano (born 26 April 1992) is an Italian footballer who most recently played for Trastevere Calcio.

Biography
Born in Rome, capital of Italy and Lazio region, Scicchitano started his career at A.S. Roma. In 2010, he left for Sangiovannese in co-ownership deal. In June 2011 Roma gave up the remain 50% registration rights to Sangiovannese. However, the club also bankrupted. In 2011–12 season he was a player of San Marino and Pisa in the first half and second half respectively.

In 2012, he was signed by Siena as free agent. He was farmed to Poggibonsi in a temporary deal. In 2013, he was signed by Parma in a 3-year contract, but farmed to Ascoli immediately.

On 31 January 2014 he was signed by Pontedera.

After the bankruptcy of Parma, he was signed by Lega Pro newcomer Lupa Castelli Romani in a temporary deal from Latina.

On 30 August 2016 Scicchitano was signed by Lupa Roma from Crotone. Crotone signed him as a free agent in the same window.

References

External links
 AIC profile (data by football.it)

Italian men's footballers
AS Roma players
ASD Sangiovannese 1927 players
ASD Victor San Marino players
Pisa SC players
ACR Siena 1904 players
US Poggibonsi players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
US Città di Pontedera players
AC Tuttocuoio 1957 San Miniato players
Serie C players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Rome
1992 births
Living people


title: LRTOMT

text:
Leucine rich transmembrane and O-methyltransferase domain containing is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRTOMT gene.

Clinical significance
Mutations in LRTOMT are associated to non syndromic deafness.

Function

This gene includes two transcript forms. The short form has one open reading frame (ORF), which encodes the leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing protein of unknown function. This protein is called LRTOMT1 or LRRC51. The long form has two alternative ORFs; the upstream ORF has the same translation start codon as used in the short form and the resulting transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay, and the downstream ORF encodes a different protein, which is a transmembrane catechol-O-methyltransferase and is called LRTOMT2, TOMT or COMT2. The COMT2 is essential for auditory and vestibular function. Defects in the COMT2 can cause nonsyndromic deafness. Alternatively spliced transcript variants from each transcript form have been found for this gene.

References

Further reading


title: Eufaula, Washington

text:
Eufaula is an unincorporated community in Cowlitz County, Washington. Eufaula is located northwest of the city of Longview, reached by traveling westbound out of the city along Washington State Route 4, also known as Ocean Beach Highway, turning north onto Coal Creek Road and then Harmony Drive. The Eufaula community is part of the Longview School District, a K-12 school district of about 6,600 students.

Geography
Eufaula is located at  (46.1956663, -123.0478938).

External links
Longview Public Schools website

References

Unincorporated communities in Cowlitz County, Washington
Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)


title: Rasim Alguliyev

text:
Rasim Mahammad Alguliyev (; January 20, 1958) — doctor of technical sciences, full member (academician) of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS). Vice-president of ANAS, director-general of the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS.

Personal life
	Rasim Mahammad Alguliyev was born on January 20, 1958, in Barda district, Azerbaijan Republic.
	In 1979, he graduated from the faculty of "Automation and Computer Engineering" of the Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute named after Ch.Ildirim (present Azerbaijan Technical University) with a degree in "Systems engineering".
	In 1983–1986, he completed his PhD in "Automated control systems" at the Institute of Cybernetics (present Institute of Control Systems of ANAS) of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences.
   In 1979–1986, he worked as an engineer and senior engineer, Komsomol secretary at the Institute of Cybernetics of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences.
	In 1986, he was transferred to the Department of Automated Control Systems (ACS) of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences.
   In 1986–1991, he worked at positions of senior engineer, leading engineer, chief engineer of the project "Republican network of computing centers and data transmission", technical director – deputy director at the Department of ACS (in 1997, on the basis of ACS Department was established Information-Telecommunication Scientific Center).
	He is the director of the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS since 2002 (the institute was established on the basis of Information-Telecommunication Scientific Center in 2002). He is doctor of technical sciences, professor, full member (academician) of ANAS.
	In 2013–2019, he was academician-secretary of ANAS.
	In 2019, he was elected vice-president of ANAS.
   In 2009, he was awarded with  "Taraggi" medal by the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
   In 2019, he was awarded with the medal ""100th anniversary of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-2018)".

Scientific activity
	In 2002–2020, he was director of the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS.
	Since 2021 he is director-general of the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS.
	In 2007, he was elected a corresponding member of ANAS in "Informatics".
	In 2014, he was elected a full member (academician) of ANAS in "Informatics".
	In 2013–2019, he was an academician-secretary of ANAS.
	In 2019, he was elected a vice-president of ANAS.
	He is a Chairman of Scientific Council on "Physics, Mathematics and technical sciences" under the Council for Organization and Coordination of Scientific Research of Azerbaijan Republic.
	He advised 4 Doctor of Sciences (DSc) and supervised 31 PhD students. He is currently advising 8 DSc and supervising 12 PhD theses.
	In 2021, academician Rasim Alguliyev was listed among the top 2% scientists in the world identified by Stanford University.

Scientific expertise activity
	Editorial Board Member of the journals:
        ¤   Applied and Computational Mathematics
    ¤	CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology
    ¤	Telecommunications (Телекоммуникации)
    ¤   Digital Technology Security (Безопасность цифровых технологий)
    ¤	Informatics and Control Problems
    ¤	Problems of Information Technology
    ¤	Problems of Information Society

  He is a chairman of the dissertation council at the Institute of Information Technology of ANAS.

Social and political activity
	Member of the editorial board of the National Encyclopedia of Azerbaijan.
	Elected a member of the Coordinating Council of World Azerbaijanis at the 3rd Congress of World Azerbaijanis.
	Member of the "Coordination Commission for Information Security" of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
	Member of the New Azerbaijan Party.

Publications
Total number of publications: 651
	Number of articles published in:
            ¤	international refereed journals: 252
      ¤	national refereed journals: 133
	Number of papers published in proceedings of:
            ¤	international conferences: 157
      ¤	national conferences: 60
	Monographs: 4
	Scientific surveys and booklets: 28
	Textbooks: 9
	Dictionaries and encyclopedias: 4
	Inventions and patents: 4

Number of papers indexed in:
        ¤  Web of Science: 187    ¤  Scopus: 118

Citations:
  - Google Scholar
  - Scopus

Sources

1958 births
Living people
Azerbaijani computer scientists
Academic staff of Baku State University
Azerbaijan Technical University alumni
Azerbaijani academicians


title: 2014 Morocco Tennis Tour – Mohammedia

text:
The 2014 Morocco Tennis Tour – Mohammedia was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Mohammedia, Morocco between 16 and 21 June 2014.

Singles main-draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings are as of June 9, 2014.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Yassine Idmbarek
  Younès Rachidi
  Amine Ahouda
  Mehdi Jdi

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Fabiano de Paula
  Juan-Samuel Arauzo-Martinez
  Sherif Sabry
  Nicolás Jarry

Doubles main-draw entrants

Seeds

1 Rankings as of June 9, 2014.

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Mohamed Adnaoui /  Mamoun El Abbar
  Mehdi Jdi /  Younès Rachidi
  Amine Ahouda /  Yassine Idmbarek

Champions

Singles

 Pablo Carreño def.  Daniel Muñoz de la Nava, 7–6(7–2), 2–6, 6–2

Doubles

 Fabiano de Paula /  Mohamed Safwat def.  Richard Becker /  Elie Rousset, 6–2, 3–6, [10–6]

External links

Morocco - Mohammedia
Morocco Tennis Tour – Mohammedia
Mohammedia
Morocco Tennis Tour - Mohammedia


title: Tianjin Health Industry Park

text:
The Tianjin Health Industry Park is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It is currently part of the ITF Women's Circuit. It was previously part of the ATP Challenger Tour in 2014. It has been held annually in Tianjin, China since 2014.

Past finals

Men's singles

Women's singles

Men's doubles

Women's doubles

External links

ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
ATP Challenger Tour
Tennis tournaments in China
Hard court tennis tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 2014


title: Morocco Tennis Tour – Mohammedia

text:
The Morocco Tennis Tour – Mohammedia is a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held annually at the Royal Tennis Club à Mohammedia in Mohammedia, Morocco.

Past finals

Singles

Doubles

References

External links

ATP Challenger Tour
Clay court tennis tournaments

Tennis tournaments in Morocco


title: TNNI3K

text:
TNNI3 interacting kinase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI3K gene.

Function

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family of protein kinases. The protein contains ankyrin repeat, protein kinase and serine-rich domains and is thought to play a role in cardiac physiology.

Clinical significance

Mutations in TNNI3K are associated to cardiomyopathies.

References

Further reading


title: Jennifer Rachel Bibbings

text:
Jennifer Rachel Bibbings is a British lawyer, residing in the United Arab Emirates, working as a lawyer and honorary legal advisor to the British Consulate in Dubai and the Northern Emirates. She was awarded the Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 2014 for her contributions to the community and for strengthening relations between the UK and the UAE.

Biography
Jennifer Rachel Bibbings was born in 1963 in the UK.
She is married, has a son and a daughter and resides in Dubai.

Career
Bibbings first came to Dubai in 1993 and a year later, started working pro bono as a legal advisor to the British Consulate in Dubai and the Northern Emirates. She is the partner of the legal firm, Trowers and Hamlins LLP in Dubai.

Positions held
Jennifer Bibbings was the female committee member of the British Business Group of Dubai and the Northern Emirates and later became its first female chair during 2003 to 2006. She also helped to set up the British University in Dubai in 2004. She serves as governor of Jebel Ali Primary School, one of Dubai's oldest schools.

Awards and recognitions
Bibbings was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 2014. She is also listed in the Chambers and Partners’ Global Guide and The Legal 500 Guide for the corporate and commercial fields.

References

External links
 Queen's Honours List
 on Findlaw web site
 Reference on Duedil
 Reference on the Law Society site
 Honours List
 on Open Corporates
 News

1963 births
Living people
British solicitors
British diaspora in Asia
Officers of the Order of the British Empire


title: Franco Chiviló

text:
Franco Axel Chiviló (born 28 April 1991) is an Argentine professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder.

Career
Chiviló began his youth career at the Argentine tournament Torneo Clausura 2010, for Club Atlético Huracán. He made his professional footballing debut on 27 February 2010, but has not performed up to par in his career. His club Huracán finished last three in the Primera División and costed them to relegate into a lower division.

Thereafter, he enjoyed a two-year deal with Union Magdalena before joining Geylang International as a marquee player in the S.League in 2014.

References

1991 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Unión Magdalena footballers
Geylang International FC players
Deportivo Merlo footballers
All Boys footballers
Club Atlético Platense footballers
CSD Flandria footballers
Club Sportivo Estudiantes players
Argentine Primera División players
Singapore Premier League players
Primera Nacional players
Primera B Metropolitana players
Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Colombia


title: Hanife Demiryol

text:
Hanife Demiryol (born September 19, 1992) is a Turkish women's football midfielder currently playing in the Turkish Women's Second Football League for Akdeniz Nurçelik Spor with jersey number 91. She was a member of the Turkish women's national team.

Playing career

Club

Hanife Demiryol obtained her license on April 28, 2006. She played in the youth team of Bucaspor in her hometown before she was admitted to the senior team to play in the Turkish Women's First League with her club. She capped 54 times and scored 33 goals with Bucaspor until the end of the 2010–11 season. Demiryol transferred to Kdz. Ereğlispor for the 2011–12 season. After playing in 21 matches and netting 11 goals, she moved to Ataşehir Belediyespor in Istanbul, where she played three seasons between 2012 and 2015. After a brief appearance for Konak Belediyespor in İzmir in the 2015–16 season, she transferred to Osmaniye Demirspor to play in the Second League. Demiryol joined Balıkesir Büyükşehir Belediyespor, a team in the Women's Third League in the same season, where she played one season.

After staying away two seasons from the football pitch, she joined Istanbul-based Akdeniz Nurçelik Spor to play in the Women's Second League.

International
Demiryol was part of the Turkey women's national under-17 team between 2006 and 2008. She capped 14 times and scored 3 goals for the girls' national team. In the years 2009–2010, she played for the Turkey women's national under-19 team, in total 12 times netting 6 goals.

She was called up to the Turkey women's national team and debuted at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6 match against Wales on April 4, 2014.

Career statistics
.

Honours
Turkish Women's First League
 Bucaspor
 Runners-up (1): 2008–09

 Kdz. Ereğlispor
 Third place (1): 2011–12

 Ataşehir Belediyespor
 Runners-up (4): 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16

References

External links

Living people
1992 births
Sportspeople from Konak
Footballers from İzmir
Turkish women's footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Bucaspor women's players
Karadeniz Ereğlispor players
Ataşehir Belediyespor players
Konak Belediyespor players
Turkey women's international footballers
Akdeniz Nurçelik Spor players