title: 1979–80 Liga Bet

text:
The 1979–80 Liga Bet season saw Maccabi Shefa-'Amr, Maccabi Or Akiva, Hapoel Rosh HaAyin and Maccabi Be'er Sheva win their regional divisions and promoted to Liga Alef.

At the bottom, Maccabi Tiberias, Beitar al-Amal Nazareth (from North A division), Maccabi Zikhron Ya'akov, Maccabi HaSharon Netanya (from North B division), Beitar Holon, Beitar Jaffa (from South A division), Hapoel Ofakim and Hapoel Kiryat Gat (from South B division) were all automatically relegated to Liga Gimel.

North Division A

North Division B

South Division A

South Division B

References
Liga Bet Maariv, 27.4.80, Historical Jewish Press
Due to goal difference Tiberias relegated to Liga Gimel Maariv, 11.5.80, Historical Jewish Press

Liga Bet seasons
Israel
4


title: Église Saint Roch, Marseille

text:
The Église Saint Roch, better known as  Église de Mazargues is a Roman Catholic parish church in Mazargues, 9th arrondissement, Marseille, France.

References

9th arrondissement of Marseille
Roman Catholic churches in Marseille
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1851
1851 establishments in France
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in France


title: Richard Oliver (cricketer)

text:
Richard Kenneth Oliver (born 14 November 1989) is an English cricketer who played for Worcestershire. He is a left-handed batsman who also bowls right-arm medium pace. He made his debut for the county on 16 May 2014 in the 2014 NatWest t20 Blast against Durham.

He declined a new contract with Worcestershire in 2015. After a second spell with minor county Shropshire, he became captain of the Reigate Priory club in Surrey.

References

External links

1989 births
English cricketers
Shropshire cricketers
Worcestershire cricketers
Living people
English cricketers of the 21st century
Cricketers from Stoke-on-Trent


title: Madness (Guy Sebastian album)

text:
Madness is the seventh album from Australian singer-songwriter Guy Sebastian. The album was released on 21 November 2014. It debuted at number six on the ARIA Charts, Sebastian's eighth top ten album in Australia, and has been certified gold.  Four top 20 singles have been released from the album: "Like a Drum", "Come Home with Me", "Mama Ain't Proud" featuring 2 Chainz and "Linger" which features Lupe Fiasco. Sebastian was nominated for two ARIA Music Awards in 2014, Best Male Artist for "Come Home with Me" and Song of the Year for "Like a Drum".

Background and development
Sebastian wrote the songs for Madness with a number of different songwriters, with the exception of "Elephant", "Alive" and "One of Us" which he wrote alone. The album is eclectic, with a mixture of soul, R&B and pop songs. Sebastian said the writing of the album took two years. In an interview with BMag he said, "I didn't go into a cabin in the woods for six weeks and write my album, so there's not that similar, one vibe on the album – it's quite diverse." He believes it is his most soulful album, and that he was getting back to his roots of what he likes to listen to and write. Sebastian says the songs touch on the little moments in life, including ordinary moments. "There are a couple about how mundane life can be. You get so caught up in the machine of work, trying to keep up with life, your mortgage and kids, that you get lost in it a little bit."

While three of the singles released from the album have been upbeat pop songs many of the songs have darker themes about relationship problems. In an interview with BuzzFeed Sebastian explained that they are not about himself and his wife, saying, "There's a lot of songs about relationships coming to an end, and even being in denial of that. Not because of anything to do with my own personal relationships! But I've had people who are very close to me go through break-ups, and I've sort of watched it the whole way through, and it's been very close to my heart as of late. It's really occupied my headspace, and my writing space". Sebastian says his family did influence the album however. Missing out of family life because of the demands of work and constant travelling overseas began to frustrate him. Two songs on the album, "Alive" and "Light and Shade", are about making the most of your life and living in the moment, and are reminders to himself that there needs to be a happy medium between career and family life. In an interview with the Sydney Morning Herald Sebastian said juggling his career and family life gave him the inspiration for the title of the album, "I found myself writing in planes and in dressing rooms and while I was rocking my kids to sleep. It was definitely a mad sort of time".

Release and promotion

The track listing, album cover art and release date were announced on 23 October 2014. "Madness" was released on 21 November 2014, a year after the first single "Like a Drum". Sebastian performed "Like a Drum" on the 2013 The X-Factor Grand Final. He performed "Come Home with Me" and "Mama Ain't Proud" during the 2014 series of The X-Factor. He also performed "Mama Ain't Proud" on the Grand Final of Dancing with the Stars and Seven Network's morning program Sunrise. In the weeks leading up to the release of the album Sebastian did a number of interviews with the printed media, and on radio and television programs. During the release week Sebastian launched the album with a concert at the opening of The X Studio. Lupe Fiasco who features on the song "Linger" travelled to Australia to perform at the concert which was broadcast live on the internet. Sebastian also did a series of national album signing events which were well attended.

Singles
"Like a Drum" was released as the lead single from Madness on 25 October 2013. Debuting at number four, it became Sebastian's 12th top ten single in Australia, and his tenth to reach the top five. The song spent ten weeks in the top ten and was certified 4× platinum. It peaked at number 13 in New Zealand and was certified gold there. The song also reached number 20 on the Billboard Dance Club Chart and 49 on the Swedish charts. It reached platinum certification in Sweden.

"Come Home with Me" was released as the second single on 8 August 2014. It peaked at number 13 and was certified platinum.

"Mama Ain't Proud" (featuring 2 Chainz) was released as the third single on 17 October 2014 and peaked at number 17 and achieved gold certification.
"Linger" (featuring Lupe Fiasco) was released as the fourth single in early December, 2014. It also reached number 17 and platinum certification.

Tours

Madness Tour
In February 2015 Sebastian embarked on a six date arena tour in the mainland capital cities of Australia. He said that as the album was dynamic with big horns and drums an arena tour would enable him to replicate the album on a huge stage. The tour included two warm up shows in Dubbo. Fatai, a semi-finalist on the  first The Voice series, was the support act. She returned to the stage to sing "Lightning" with Sebastian, a song she is the featured singer for on the Madness album. Sebastian performed with an eight piece band, and he played guitar and piano on some of the songs. Carmen Smith, Gary Pinto and Vince Harder were the backing vocalists, and also performed as backup dancers. The staging included large screens and LED lighting.

Critical reception
"Madness" has received a number of positive reviews. Jamie Horne, music journalist for the Border Mail, gave the album four out of five stars, saying "Sebastian is at the peak of his powers and it shines through on Madness". He said "Alive" was uplifting, and that "Linger" was a standout. Cameron Adams from the Herald Sun gave the album three and a half out of five stars, saying there were two sides to Sebastian, as apart from producing radio-friendly songs he "also has pop songs with depth and edge that are less instant, but more rewarding". He wrote that "the track "Madness" is epic but still subtle", "Linger" was "melow gold" and "The Pause" was a "stunning ballad" which "again reminds you the dude can really sing". Brad Szmerling of Music site auspOp noted that although Sebastian had released some polarising singles from the album, "Madness" was far better than those singles would indicate. He said "Elephant" and "Light & Shade" "both show off Guy's easy affinity with soul and R&B" and that "Linger" was catchy, reminding them of "some of Justin Timberlake's better moments". He said that overall Madness was "quite a varied and strong affair".

Marcus Floyd from Renowned for Sound gave the album four and a half out of five stars, saying "Guy Sebastian's Madness is everything but, the singer/songwriter knows what works for him musically and he's running with it without sounding dated". He said the album "demonstrates diversity in dynamic and content" and that "Sebastian is fully capable of vocally delivering the suitable emotion intended for the lyrics". Of "Light And Shade" Floyd wrote, "The soul in Guy's voice introduces "Light and Shade" with some wicked notes masterfully delivered, rapper Sage the Gemini's contribution keeps the vibe flowing, yet another singer/rapper collaboration that works well for Sebastian". He said "Linger", the collaboration with Lupe Fiasco is "a smooth dose of RnB and soul that leaves you nodding with admiration". Jessica Morris from FDRMX also gave the album four and a half out of five stars, saying Sebastian had "evolved tremendously since his 2003 debut as a fresh-faced boy with an afro, and nothing seems to show this more clearly than his latest album, Madness". She wrote that she had feared that as the singles had been moulded towards radio airplay the album "would lack the sense of joy and poignant emotion he so often embodies". She said she discovered she was wrong because "if Madness shows us anything, it's who Guy Sebastian is as a person and a musician. And while this release will appeal to the commercial market with its catchy rifts, on-point vocals and dubstep, it also features some riveting melodies and stirring lyrics". Morris also wrote that "Madness stands alone as a solid, fun, and moving album. Showing diversity in vocal delivery, song writing, style and theme, this album seems to reflect intentionality to every aspect of its creation and production."

Accolades
Sebastian received two ARIA Music Award nominations in 2014. "Like a Drum" was nominated for the Song of the Year Award, where the nominees are the highest selling singles of the year, and the public decided the winner. He was also nominated for Best Male Artist for "Come Home With Me". This category is voted for by people in the music industry. The album was nominated for Album of the Year and Sebastian for Male Artist of the Year in the Poprepublic.tv Awards. The nominees are chosen by Poprepublic and the winner decided by public vote. "Like a Drum" received 2015 APRA nominations for Pop Work of the Year and Most Played Australian Work.

Commercial performance
Madness debuted on the ARIA Albums Chart at number six, becoming Sebastian's eighth consecutive top ten album in Australia. The album was certified gold in its second week of release.

Track listing

Personnel
The following people contributed to Madness:

Nicholas Audino – composer, producer, engineering
Christoph "Shuko" Bauss – composer, producer
Nelson Beato – backing vocals
Emily Benford – backing vocals
Adrian Breakspear – engineering
Brit Burton – composer
Simon Cohen – engineering
H. "Carmen Reece" Culver – composer, backing vocals
Oscar Dawson – guitar
Luke Edgemon – backing vocals
Tauheed Epps – composer, vocals
Mike Farrell – piano
Fatai – vocals
Melenie Fontana – backing vocals
George Georgiadis – engineering
Ben Gurton – horns
Angus Gomm – horns
David Ryan Harris – composer
Mark Himmel – producer
Alex Hope – composer
Lewis Hughes – composer, producer, engineering
Wasalu Jaco – composer, vocals
Matt Keegan – horns
Keri Larson – backing vocals
Mason Levy – composer
Kris Lorenz – bass, composer, drums, engineering, guitars, producer, programming, vocal engineering, ukulele
Brendon Lynch-Salaman – engineering
Bill Malina – engineering
Mario Marchetti – bass, backing vocals, composer, guitar, producer
Sam Martin – composer
MdL – producer
Tom Meredith – composer, producer
Angus Mouridsen – guitar
M-Phazes – producer
Boots Ottestad – backing vocals, bass, drums, guitars, keyboards, percussion, producer
ProJay – guitar, keyboard and drum programming, producer
Matt Radosevich – composer
Matt Reid – drums, engineering, keyboards,  mixing, percussion, producer
Guy Sebastian – composer, drums, guitar, live percussion, piano, producer, vocals, vocal engineering
Damien Smith – keyboards
Fridolin "Freedo" Walcher – composer, producer
Dominic Wynn Woods – composer, vocals

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2014 albums
Sony Music Australia albums
Guy Sebastian albums


title: Rhyacionia dolichotubula

text:
Rhyacionia dolichotubula is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Yunnan, China.

References

Moths described in 1984
Eucosmini


title: Newt Hudson

text:
William Newton "Newt" Hudson (December 12, 1926 – August 12, 2014) was an American politician and educator.

Born in Ocilla, Georgia, Hudson served in the United States Navy during World War II. He then received his bachelor's degree from University of Georgia and taught agriculture. Hudson served in the Georgia House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1982 and served for twenty years. He died at his home in Rochelle, Georgia.

Notes

1926 births
2014 deaths
People from Ocilla, Georgia
University of Georgia alumni
Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
United States Navy personnel of World War II
21st-century American politicians
People from Rochelle, Georgia


title: Fencing at the Youth Olympic Games

text:
Fencing was inducted at the Youth Olympic Games at the inaugural edition in 2010.

Medal summaries

Boys

Épée

Foil

Sabre

Girls

Épée

Foil

Sabre

Mixed

Mixed team event

Medal table
As of the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.

See also
Fencing at the Summer Olympics

External links
Youth Olympic Games

Youth Olympics
Fencing


title: We Have Always Fought

text:
"We Have Always Fought': Challenging the 'Women, Cattle and Slaves' Narrative" is an essay by science fiction writer Kameron Hurley, addressing the portrayal of women in science fiction, and in general. It was first published as a post to A Dribble of Ink in May 2013, and was republished in Lightspeed's special issue "Women Destroy Science Fiction".

In 2014, it won the Hugo Award for Best Related Work, the same year that Hurley won Hugo for Best Fan Writer.

References

External links
Text of the essay at A Dribble of Ink

Feminist essays
Essays about literature
Hugo Award for Best Related Work-winning works


title: Christopher Leaver

text:
Sir Christopher Leaver  (born 3 November 1937) is a British wine merchant, businessman, and politician who was the 654th Lord Mayor of London in 1981–1982. He is the son of Dr Robert Leaver and was educated at Eastbourne College.

Leaver served as Alderman for Dowgate City (1974–2002), as Sheriff of the City of London (1979), and as Lord Mayor of London (1981–82). He is also a Justice of the Peace. He was knighted as a Knight Grand Cross in 1981 and appointed as a member of the KStJ in 1982.

Other
He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 13 February 1982.

Private
He married Mireille Molyneux Benton in 1975. They have a son and two daughters.

References

External links
 Image of Leaver in Lord Mayor's regalia

1937 births
Living people
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century lord mayors of London
20th-century English politicians
Sheriffs of the City of London
Place of birth missing (living people)
English justices of the peace


title: Broken Journey (disambiguation)

text:
Broken Journey is a 1948 film. Other publications and productions with the same or similar title include:

Film
 The Broken Journey (Bengali: Uttoran) is a 1994 Bengali drama film.

Television
 "Broken Journey" (television episode), television drama starring David Niven, originally aired on Four Star Playhouse, 2 June 1955 (Season 3, Episode 35).

Stage Play
 Broken Journey, adapted by Glyn Maxwell from Akutagawa story "In a Grove" and Kurosawa's film Rashomon, first performed off-Broadway in 2005, first performed at Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire in 1996.

Books
 Broken Journey (book and audiobook) by Janet Woods, 2007.
 Broken Journey: A True Story of Courage and Survival by Jennifer Murray, 2006.
 A Broken Journey: A Novel by Morley Callaghan, 1932, revised 1976.
 A Broken Journey: Wanderings from the Hoang-Ho to the Island of Saghalien and the Upper Reaches of the Amur River by Mary Eliza Bakewell Gaunt, 2010.
 Broken: A Journey of Depression and Disbelief by Douglas R. Tull Jr., 2014.

Games
 Broken Journey, (Dayz Overpoch series), video and online computer game.


title: Jozef Kovalík

text:
Jozef Kovalík (; born 4 November 1992) is a Slovak professional tennis player playing mostly on the ATP Challenger Tour. His highest ATP singles ranking was No. 80 reached on 22 October 2018, while his highest doubles ranking was No. 245 reached on 2 April 2018.

Career

2010–2014: First Challenger title
Kovalík together with Filip Horanský won bronze medal in doubles at 2010 Summer Youth Olympics.

He won his first Challenger title on 17 August 2014, after beating second seed Andrey Kuznetsov. He became the fourth player to win an ATP Challenger title while ranked outside the top 300.

2016: ATP, Masters and Grand Slam debuts
He played his first match at ATP level on 5 January 2016 in Chennai, where he lost in the first round.

He played his first match at a Grand Slam on 18 January 2016 at the Australian Open, where he lost to fellow qualifier Marco Trungelliti in the first round.

At the 2016 BNP Paribas Open Kovalík won his first match at ATP level, defeating another qualifier Pierre-Hugues Herbert in the first round. He lost in two tight tie-breaks in the subsequent round, to fellow up-and-coming talent Dominic Thiem. Despite the loss his tennis was of an extremely high quality. Kovalík was able to win cheap points off his first serve, utilised an effective kicking second serve, and consistently hit his groundstrokes with great accuracy, power and depth. In addition he remained mentally composed on key points and played intelligent tennis throughout. During the match he was watched by fellow Slovak and coach of Novak Djokovic, Marián Vajda. Kovalík won the 2016 Capri Watch Cup, his second title on the ATP Challenger Tour.

2017: French Open debut

2018: Top 100
At the 2018 Sofia Open he had his best ATP tournament, reaching the semifinals and losing to Marius Copil in straight sets, 6–4, 6–2. Kovalík reached another ATP level semifinal at 2018 German Open in Hamburg, where he lost to the defending champion Leonardo Mayer. After this tournament Kovalík moved into Top 100 for the first time.

2019: Wimbledon debut

Performance timelines

Singles
Current through the 2022 Qatar ExxonMobil Open.

Doubles
Current through the 2022 Melbourne Summer Set 1.

Challenger and Futures finals

Singles 25 (14–11)

Doubles

Wins over top 10 players

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Tennis players from Bratislava
Slovak male tennis players
Tennis players at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics
21st-century Slovak people


title: Ligia Elena

text:
Ligia Elena is a Venezuelan telenovela written by César Miguel Rondón
and produced by Venevisión in 1982.

Alba Roversi and Guillermo Dávila starred as the main protagonists.

Plot
Ligia Elena is the story of love between a naive young society girl and a musician whose love faces various obstacles. Ligia Elena Irazabal is a beautiful rich girl who meets Ignacio Ramón Nacho Gamboa, an eccentric boy whose father Pancholón works as a driver for the
Irazabal family. Nacho and Ligia Elena meet coincidentally and sparks fly between them at first. Nacho works at a nightclub called El gato enmochilado and one day, he invites Ligia Elena to come and see him play and she goes to the club with her best friend. Ligia Elena has fallen in love with Nacho, but she is engaged to Alfredo, a young lawyer. On her wedding day, Ligia Elena decides to leave Alfredo to be with Nacho, but she discovers that Dolores, the cashier at the night club is Nacho's lover. Feeling sad and confused, she eventually decides to marry Alfredo. Later, Nacho becomes a singing sensation when he is discovered by a music producer, and after becoming famous, he runs away with Ligia Elena to be together.

Cast
 Alba Roversi as Ligia Elena Irazabal
 Guillermo Dávila as Ignacio Ramón Nacho Gamboa
 Diego Acuña
 Reneé de Pallás
 Raúl Xiqués
 Ramón Hinojosa
 Yolanda Méndez
 Julio Jung
 Corina Azopardo
 Esther Orjuela
 Juan Frankis
 Sandra Bruzón
 Estelín Betancort
 Hilda Blanco
 Pedro Durán
 Mariela Alcalá
 Lucila Herrera
 Laura Termini

References

External links

1982 telenovelas
Venevisión telenovelas
1982 Venezuelan television series debuts
1983 Venezuelan television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Venezuela


title: Falkenberg (Elster) station

text:
Falkenberg (Elster) station is one of the biggest stations in the German state of Brandenburg. It is located in the town of Falkenberg/Elster in the south of the state. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.  Railways run in seven directions from the station. It is a two-level interchange station (, literally a “tower station”), built where several routes interconnect. There is a large marshalling yard connecting to both the upper and the lower parts of the station. At times Falkenberg was the fifth largest marshalling yard in East Germany (GDR). Only part of these tracks have been in use since the 1990s.

A large station building, which had been built in 1882, was destroyed in the Second World War. A restaurant complex built in GDR times was substantially rebuilt after 2010 and now serves as the entrance building. A number of buildings of the station and its surrounds are heritage-listed.

Location and name

The station is situated mostly in the town of Falkenberg/Elster in the Elbe-Elster district not far from the state borders of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. Originally the station was called Falkenberg (b. Torgau), but it received its present name in 1937. While the town is written Falkenberg/Elster (with a slash), the station is written with parentheses.

The station building is located at km 111.9 of the Jüterbog–Röderau railway,which runs north–south, at kilometer 148.2 of the Węgliniec–Roßlau railway, which runs from southeast to northwest, and at kilometer 95.0 of the Halle–Cottbus railway, which runs west–east. The latter line runs through the upper level of Falkenberg station, while the others run through the lower level. The Lower Lusatian Railway (Niederlausitzer Eisenbahn), which runs to the northeast, also begins at the lower station.

The station has extensive marshalling yards, both connected to the lower and the upper stations and extending over several kilometres. The eastern part of the upper station extends to the territory of the town of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück.

The centre of the town of Falkenberg is located west of the line from Berlin and north of the line from Halle. The original village centre and its manor was about 400 metres from the station.

History

The Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company (, BAE) opened its line from Berlin to Köthen (then spelt Cöthen) in 1841. It planned from the beginning, an additional line that would connect Berlin with Leipzig and Dresden. The towns of Herzberg, Uebigau and Liebenswerda were stubbornly opposed to the railway having direct contact with their towns. So a slightly more westerly route was chosen that passed near the small village and manor of Falkenberg. The station was initially a small halt with a station master, a telegrapher, two signalmen and some shunters.

A railway from Falkenberg to Cottbus was opened by the Halle-Sorau-Guben Railway (Halle-Sorau-Gubener Eisenbahn, HSGE) on 1 December 1871. At first the trains stopped in the lower part of the old station. A line running to the west from Falkenberg via Eilenburg to Halle was opened on 1 May 1872. In the same year the Upper Lusatian Railway Company (Oberlausitzer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) began construction of its line from Kohlfurt (now Węgliniec) to Falkenberg, which was opened on 1 June 1874. This was followed by the BAE’s extension of its line from Wittenberg on 15 October 1875, creating connections to lines to Halle and Dessau. The BAE took over the management on the lines of the Upper Lusatian Railway Company in 1878. The traffic on all three lines became very active in the following years, so that Falkenberg became an important railway junction. In 1882 a new, larger station building was built at the intersection of the upper and lower lines. In the same year the Prussian government took over the management of the lines of the BAE and two years later it took over the HSGE. Nevertheless, the names of the Halle-Sorauer Bahnhof (Halle-Sorau station) for the upper level and the Berlin-Anhalter Bahnhof (Berlin-Anhalt station) for the lower level persisted.

The then competent Staatsbahndirektion (railway division) of Erfurt combined the two workshops of the BAE and HSGE, and from 1887 they were referred to as an operating workshop (Betriebswerkstätte), which later developed into a locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk).

Expansion after 1890

Traffic increased significantly to Falkenberg at the end of the 19th century. The three main railway lines were doubled from 1896 to 1912 to overcome their capacity constraints. The station facilities with the marshalling yards and workshops were extended. A new water tower was built in 1895 and another engine shed was put in operation at the lower station in 1908. The last of the railways built to Falkenberg was opened on 15 March 1898, the private Lower Lusatian Railway to Uckro.

In a train accident in the summer of 1934, a freight train in the lower part on station ran into another and the vehicles pushed off the track collided with an oncoming train. One man was killed.

The Wehrmacht opened a large army airfield at Alt-Lönnewitz southwest of Falkenberg in 1936. A connecting railway ran to it from the top station, which carried materials and airfield employees.

The station had 20 km of mainline track and 93 km of sidings with 324 points in 1939. It had 20 signal boxes and three engine sheds on the upper and lower part of the station. The exits from the marshalling yard handled 4,000 freight wagons a day from the top part and 2,400 from the lower part of the station. There was a siding to the airport with branches to a substation and to the Falkenberg branch of the Torgau grain cooperative.

In World War II, construction began on a multi-track upgrade of the line toward Jüterbog, which was not completed. Some embankments have been preserved. The work was carried out largely by the use of forced labourers and prisoners of war.

Because of the strategic importance of the station, with its marshalling yards and the nearby Falkenberg airfield, it was a target for several Allied bombing raids in the Second World War. The most serious of these attacks occurred in April 1945. On 18 April, the entrance building, the crossing structure and a number of buildings in the area were completely destroyed. After radio reports had already announced that there would be further attacks on the day with the goal of total destruction of the Falkenberg railway junction, bomb raids were primarily carried out on the lower station and a number of buildings were destroyed, including the locomotive depot.

After the Second World War

A few days after the war, Soviet troops under station commander Braschenko began rebuilding the strategic rail facilities on 15 May 1945. In the following months, the railway lines out of Falkenberg were gradually returned to operation, at first provisionally. All tracks were usable again in 1948.

In GDR times, the station was expanded and included 160 km of railway tracks and 377 sets of points. In addition to the north-eastern connecting curve from the lower to the upper station, which had existing since the 19th century, a connecting curve was built south-east of the crossing, allowing direct trips from the west to the lower station, allowing operations to Elsterwerda without having to reverse in the upper yard. The locomotive depot became one of the largest in East Germany with about 500 employees. About 5,000 freight wagons left Falkenberg each day in the 1970s and 1980s.

The station was also important for national defence. Freight tracks were temporarily provided with platforms for travelling Soviet soldiers so that they could use the washing facilities. A new restaurant building was opened for Mitropa in 1972.

The first electrically powered passenger train reached Falkenberg from the direction of Wittenberg on 27 September 1986 and the electrification went into operation towards Riesa on 13 December 1986. Electrification was extended towards Ruhland in October 1987. The other three main railway branches towards Jüterbog,Torgau and Finsterwalde were electrified in 1989.

The importance of the station for freight fell substantially after 1990 due to the decline in industrial production in the region and the modal shift to road transport. The fleet in the depot was increasingly reduced after 1991 and the Wittenberg depot was closed in 1994. In 1998, the depot’s work was transferred to the Leipzig-Engelsdorf depot and a little later the station was converted into a purely passenger operation without responsibility for any rollingstock.

In 2010 and 2011, the passenger platforms were built in the upper part of the station and the railway facilities were transformed. The former Mitropa building was completely rebuilt. The upper railway yard was taken over in 2011 by BLG AutoRail, which uses it as a "hub for car transportation by rail".

Environment

The town of Falkenberg has been decisively shaped by the railways. In the first years, the station of Falkenberg was only a minor station as the town had developed very little at this time. Immediately prior to the construction of the railway, Falkenberg had 350 inhabitants, while it had 405 at the time of the opening of the east-west line. With the construction of the east–west line and the later line from Wittenberg to Kohlfurt Falkenberg, it became a railway junction and the village grew considerably. A number of railway workers settled in the city. The area between the railway station and the old town centre was gradually built up.  The post office was opened next to the entrance building in 1888.

At the end of the 19th century, the expanding railway tracks were more and more of a hindrance to road traffic. An overpass was built over the tracks in 1896 to replace the level crossing at Uebigauer Straße north of the platforms of the lower station.

From 1897, a cooperative built, with the help of a loan, tenement-like houses in several streets west of the station; these included stables, a little garden land and community laundry rooms. This area is now a heritage-listed area as the Eisenbahnersiedlung Falkenberg (Falkenberg railway settlement). In 1912, the manor came into the possession of the municipality, allowing new construction areas to be identified, mainly east of the railway. In the 1920s, more apartments were built and by 1925 Falkenberg had become the largest town in the former district of Liebenswerda with 4,850 inhabitants.

In 1962, the town, then having about 7,000 inhabitants, received a charter declaring it a town. The town’s coat of arms includes a winged wheel as a symbol of the railway.

Description

Shortly after the completion of the line, a small entrance building was built in Falkenberg on the west side of the tracks of the Anhalt Railway. After the completion of the other two main lines, a large entrance building was built in the angle between the east–west and north–south lines. The building was destroyed during the Second World War. Thereafter, the original station building was again used as the entrance building. In 1985, the building was substantially rebuilt with significant changes to its outer shape. It later served to house station services. This building was empty when it was sold at auction in December 2013.

In the 1970s, a new building was built south of the entrance building as a Mitropa restaurant. After 1990, the restaurant building was closed temporarily and then used from 2000 as a kiosk before being completely reconstructed in 2010. The restored building was inaugurated in 2011 and now includes a restaurant and the office of the local bus operator, Lehmann-Reisen. There is also a sales point for integrated tickets and Deutsche Bahn tickets. Before the reconstruction, a small building used for the sale of tickets had been located north of it on a platform.

Platforms

The lower level station has five station platform tracks with track 1 next to the station building and the others on two island platforms (track 2 and 3 on one and 4 and 5 on another). The eastern track 5, which was previously mainly used by the trains of the Lower Lusatian Railway, is no longer used. At the southern end of the platforms stairs lead to the upper platforms. The lower platforms were previously connected via a pedestrian tunnel. In the summer of 2012, the tunnel was closed and filled so that travellers now have to take the path on the upper platforms to cross between the various lower platforms.

In the upper part there are two outside station platforms, numbered 6 and 7. Until the reconstruction of the upper platforms carried out from 2000, there were three platform tracks; platform 6 was about at its current location, while tracks 7 and 8 were next to an island platform.

Track network

Three electrified main lines cross in the area of the railway station: Jüterbog–Röderau and (Węgliniec–) Horka border–Roßlau (both through the lower station) and Halle–Cottbus–Guben (upper station). The Lower Lusatian Railway Railway, a branch line to the northeast, which is no longer operated regularly, begins in the station.

Several connecting curves in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the station enable trains to run between the two levels. The line from Röderau is not directly linked to the upper tracks.

The line from Wittenberg crossed the line from Jüterbog about two kilometres north of the passenger station. The lower marshalling yard is between the two lines. The upper marshalling yard is located east of the passenger station on the line towards Cottbus. The lower yard is designed with one entrance/exit, while the upper yard has two ends.

Heritage

A number of buildings of the station are listed as Turmbahnhof Falkenberg ("tower station Falkenberg") in the list of heritage buildings of the municipality of Falkenberg/Elster.

At the lower station the following objects are heritage-listed: "the water station building, signal box ‘B 20’ including its technology, the platform canopy on platforms 1 and 3/2, the roofing of the staircases and exits from platform 1 and 4/5, the barriers of the staircases and exits from platforms 2/3, the kiosk on platforms 3/2 and level crossing barrier post 4a.”

The listed kiosk was acquired in 1989 by a private owner. Later, the owner took part of the former Mitropa building as a kiosk. With the beginning of the reconstruction work, the snack bar closed on 31 August 2010 after the owner could not agree on its future use with the town.

The stairways from the platforms to the pedestrian tunnels have become unusable since the closure of the platform tunnels. Hopes that the town of Falkenberg would be able to preserve the tunnel were not fulfilled because the heritage listing includes only the platform equipment. The level crossing barrier post 4a on Uebigauer Straße north of the platforms had already lost its original function at the end of the 19th century with the construction of the overpass.

At the upper station the following objects are heritage-listed: "the water tower and water crane, signal box ‘B 3' including its technology and the transformer tower opposite ". These objects are located in the marshalling yard, about 1½ km east of the passenger station. The engine shed III of the upper rail depot has been used by a private collection of locomotives since 2001.

Some other buildings in the station area are also protected as monuments. This includes the heritage-listed "railway settlement” (Eisenbahnersiedlung) in Falkenberg, the former Bahnmeisterei (track master’s building, now a house) north of the entrance building, as well as a "class 52 steam locomotive and two water cranes on the north side of the railway premises". The Falkenberg/Elster Railway Museum is also in this area.

The former signal box W 12 at Übigau station is on the list of historic monuments of the town of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück. It is located directly next to the platforms of Uebigau station, the entrance building of which is also a listed building.

Passenger services

Falkenberg was a stop for long-distance traffic for a long time from the time it became a railway junction. In the north–south direction, the Berlin–Dresden railway, after its completion in 1875, competed with the Anhalt line via Falkenberg for traffic from Berlin towards Dresden and Chemnitz. This competition continued until the late 1960s despite the nationalisation of both companies. Often the trains ran on the Anhalt line to Röderau station near Riesa, where it divided with one part of the train continuing to Chemnitz and the other to Dresden, where part of it continued to Prague. Almost all of these trains stopped in Falkenberg.

In 1930, 211,000 passengers were counted departing from Falkenberg. At that time, eight express, six semi-fast and 42 stopping trains ran daily in different directions.

Since the late 1960s, scheduled traffic from Berlin towards Dresden and Riesa has almost exclusively been carried on the Berlin–Dresden railway. But even after 2000, diverted trains often ran between Berlin and Dresden via Falkenberg, but without stopping at the station.

In the east–west direction, some express and semi-fast passenger trains ran in the 1930s via Falkenberg, such as a pair of express trains between Kassel and Breslau (now Wrocław in Poland). Until the 1990s, a series of express trains ran in the east–west direction via Falkenberg, including an inter-zone train between Frankfurt (Oder) and Frankfurt (Main). In the first half of the 1990s, the rail services were harmonised in an integrated regular-interval timetable. In the 1995–96 timetable the following services operated from Falkenberg (Elster), each every two hours:
InterRegio: Leipzig–Falkenberg–Doberlug-Kirchhain–Cottbus (portions from Leipzig coming originally from other stations)
Regional-Express: Schwedt–Berlin–Falkenberg–Ruhland–Cottbus
 Regionalbahn: Leipzig–Falkenberg (with extra trains in the peak)
Regionalbahn: Falkenberg–Riesa (gap in the regular interval pattern in the morning)
Regionalbahn: Falkenberg–Herzberg Stadt
 Regionalbahn: Falkenberg–Ruhland
 Regionalbahn: Falkenberg–Doberlug-Kirchhain–Cottbus
 Regionalbahn: Lutherstadt Wittenberg–Falkenberg (with extra trains in the peak)

There were three Regional-Express trains a day from Wittenberg (with part of the train originating in Aschersleben) to Görlitz.

The regional services beyond Herzberg Stadt (town) were discontinued as early as 1995. In April 1998, passenger services also ended between Falkenberg and Herzberg Stadt. In May 2001, the Deutsche Bahn InterRegio service between Leipzig, Falkenberg and Cottbus was replaced by a Regional-Express service. Passenger services between Falkenberg and Riesa ended at the timetable change in December 2004. Over the years there have been several more service changes, including the introduction of a Regional-Express service from Leipzig via Falkenberg to Ruhland and Hoyerswerda. This service was introduced in December 2013 as the S 4 service of the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland.

The station is served by the following services:.

References

Railway stations in Brandenburg
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1871
Buildings and structures in Elbe-Elster
Elbe-Elster Land


title: Garden City Movement (band)

text:
Garden City Movement is an electronic indie pop band based in Tel Aviv, Israel that formed in 2013. The band consists of Roi Avital (vocals, keyboards, guitar), Joe Saar (guitar, sampler, keyboards) and Johnny Sharoni (vocals, sampler, percussion). They have released one album under the label BLDG5 Records (under license to Night Time Stories) as well as three EPs, two under the label BLDG5 Records and one under The Vinyl Factory and BLDG5 Records.

History
In October 2013, Garden City Movement released their first single "Casa Mila" from the Entertainment EP. The song was first released on the compilation Ground Floor with the official announcement on the label BLDG5 Records and then later released officially as track number one on the Entertainment EP.

In November 2013, the second single "Move On" was released. The song was first revealed on Pitchfork Media music magazine and then followed by dozens of reviews around the blogosphere. Earlier this year "Move On (Teen Daze Remix)" was released on Majestic Casual YouTube channel and considered to be the first release of the band.

Following the second single, the band released the remix of Tropics to the song "Entertainment". The remix was Premiered on Dummymag.

Garden City Movement first full EP was released on November 25, 2013 and followed by signing with Full Spectrum booking agency in Netherlands, Get Your Acts Together booking agency in United Kingdom and Ireland, Ink Music booking agency in Austria and Target Concerts booking agency in Germany.

In December 2013, their first live music clip for the song "The More You Make It" was released on Clash and for the first time the band's faces were revealed to the listeners.

In March 2014, the music video for "Move On" was released on Stereogum. The music video directed by Michael Moshonov, Lael Utnik, Mayan Toledano and edited by Gal Muggia. The music video selected for Los Angeles Film Festival.

On April 26, 2014, Garden City Movement performed on Boiler Room live show in Tel Aviv.

On May 6, 2014, BLDG5 Records revealed a new song of Garden City Movement and announced on a new EP from the band "Bengali Cinema" that will released in the end of June 2014. The song "Terracotta" premiered on Stereogum and drew international attention.

On June 23, 2014, Garden City Movement released their second EP "Bengali Cinema" was announced first on May 6, 2014 via Stereogum. “The name “Bengali Cinema” is just the expression of a place where you can live life to the maximum. If someone is in love in a Bengali movie nothing else matters and everything will be done to make it happen.”

On June 13, 2014, the second single from the EP, "Bengali Cinema", was released via noisey, A few days later on June 14 and 18, 2014 two more singles was released via Stereogum in an unprecedented manner, as a result three songs out of four was public few days prior official release date. "Bengali Cinema" was also released in a deluxe limited edition (300), Special colored vinyl including the two EP's of the band. This is the first vinyl released by BLDG5 Records. At the same time of the "Bengali Cinema" EP releases BLDG5 Records announced collaboration remix contest with Ninjatune via "NinjaJamm" iPhone app.

On July 28, 2014, after two successful EP's, collaborations, reviews and excellent live Boiler Room show, Garden City Movement announced the worldwide agency Creative Artists Agency as their official booking agency.

On September 14, 2014, Garden City Movement track "Terracotta" was featured on Ninja Tune "Ninja Jamm - EP Bundle 5" alongside Lapalux, Machinedrum, Mr Scruff and more.

On November 17, 2014, Garden City Movement track "Pont des Arts" was released via Stereogum. The song is named after pedestrian bridge in Paris Pont des Arts where young couples traditionally commemorate their love by locking padlocks onto it. Until the official release the band played the song only on live shows.

On February 2, 2015, The Vinyl Factory and BLDG5 Records revealed a new song of Garden City Movement and announced on a new five-track EP from the band "Modern West" that will released on April 6, 2015 on digital and vinyl formats. The song "My Only Love" premiered on Factmag and drew international attention. The announcement of the new EP marks the beginning of the cooperation between London based label The Vinyl Factory and BLDG5 Records. later on February 26, 2015 "Recollections" the second single form Modern West EP was released via Noisey. In addition, on March 23, 2015 The Vinyl Factory and BLDG5 Records released the third single from "Modern West" EP “When We Had It Easy” via Stereogum.

On March 16, 2018, the band released their first full album Apollonia.

Band members
Johnny Sharoni - vocals, sampler, percussion
Roi Avital - vocals, keyboards, guitar
Joe Saar - guitar, keyboards, sampler

Discography

Albums
Apollonia (2018)

EPs
Entertainment (2013)
Bengali Cinema (2014)
Modern West (2015)
She's So Untouchable (Single+Remixes) (2017)

Others
BLDG5 'Ground Floor' Compilation (2013)
Entertainment / Bengali Cinema LP (2014)
Ninja Jamm - EP Bundle 5 (2014)

Music videos
 "Move On" (2014)
 "The More You Make It" (Anova Live Session) (2014)
 "She's So Untouchable" (2016)

Awards
MTV Israel

References

External links
Garden City Movement official Facebook Page
Garden City Movement on the BLDG5 Records official website

Israeli electronic music groups
Israeli indie rock groups
Israeli musical trios
Night Time Stories artists


title: Hasse Andersson

text:
Hans Olle Lennart Andersson (born 28 January 1948) is a Swedish country singer and songwriter, whose albums had chart success in Sweden during the 1980s.

He took part in Melodifestivalen 2015 in a bid to represent Sweden in Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with "Guld och gröna skogar". He came 3rd in semi-final 4, which took place on 28 February 2015 in Örebro, and qualified for the Second Chance round (Andra chansen) on 7 March 2015, where he dueled against Kristin Amparo. He won the duel and thus went to the final, where he finished 4th with at total of 78 points, of which 10 came from the international juries and the remaining 68 from the voters in Sweden.

On 30 September 2016, Sveriges Television (SVT) announced that Andersson will host all six shows of Melodifestivalen 2017 alongside Clara Henry and David Lindgren.

Discography

Albums

Singles

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
Swedish guitarists
Male guitarists
Swedish male singers
Swedish country singers
Melodifestivalen contestants of 2015


title: Nicholas Allen (theatre director)

text:
Nicholas Allen (*1947 in Leeds, England) is a British–Austrian theatre pedagogue, actor and stage director. He is also the founder of Shakespeare in Styria.

Life and career
Allen attended Rugby School and briefly studied at Sussex University. In 1966, he settled in Vienna to continue his studies in music and acting. The following year he joined Vienna's English Theatre as an actor and remained in this institution – with one absence of three years – until his retirement in 2009. From 1971 to 1994 he was responsible for the theatre's schools touring operation; in cooperation with the Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture the theatre presented English language plays with professional British and American actors in schools throughout Austria, and later also in Southern Germany, South Tyrol, Switzerland and Czechoslovakia. By the end of his period of office the operation had increased from one production per year, seen by approximately 15.000 pupils, to five annual productions in English and French, seen by approximately 220.000 pupils per year.

From 1994 to 1997, Allen worked at the legendary British Book Shop in Vienna. Thereafter he returned to Vienna's English Theatre in order to start up a programme for English theatre-workshops in Austrian schools. Again he toured the whole country and Southern Germany and added teacher-training to this endeavour. In 2001, he developed a new workshop format introducing the British art of Debate to senior pupils and teachers throughout Austria. He still continues with this work today.

In 2002, together with Rudolph J. Wojta he founded Shakespeare in Styria, an annual staging of a Shakespeare play in the small town of Murau in the Styrian Alps.  From modest beginnings as a teacher/student training programme the project has developed into a small annual festival with professional actors. In 2014, together with Roberta Brown he directed Shakespeare's Julius Caesar at the Murau festival.

Since 2005, Allen has been involved with SoHo, a social democratic organization for homosexual rights.

Honours
 1991 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
 2001 Citizenship of the Republic of Austria awarded for services in the field of education and culture
 2013 Honorary Title of Professor awarded by the President of Austria
 2014 Golden Needle of Honour of the Town of Murau

External links

Shakespeare in Styria, Website

Living people
1947 births
Austrian theatre managers and producers
Male actors from Vienna
British emigrants to Austria


title: Bánk Bár-Kalán

text:
Bánk of the Bár-Kalán clan (; died after 1222) was an influential nobleman in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 13th century. He was Palatine of Hungary between 1212 and 1213, Judge royal from 1221 till 1222, and Ban of Slavonia between 1208 and 1209 and in 1217. He was also ispán of at least eight counties in the first decades of the 13th century. According to later tradition, Queen Gertrude of Merania's brother raped Bánk's wife, which caused her assassination in 1213. He is the subject of the play Bánk bán by József Katona, and of the opera of the same name by Ferenc Erkel.

Family
According to the 14th-century Illuminated Chronicle and Henry of Mügeln's Ungarnchronik, Bánk (Banc or Banco) was born into the gens (clan) Bár-Kalán. His parentage is unknown. The Bár-Kaláns belonged to the ancient Hungarian clans. They considered Ond, one of the seven chieftains, who led the Hungarians into the Pannonian Basin in the late 9th century, as their ancestor. Historian János Karácsonyi expressed doubts about the authenticity of this data since the clans's landholdings laid mostly in Baranya, Csongrád and Esztergom counties, but Bánk possessed estates in the other part of the kingdom, in Szabolcs, Sáros and Gömör counties. Based on this, historian Attila Zsoldos also questioned his belonging to the Bár-Kalán kindred. In contrast, historian Tamás Körmendi argued Bánk acquired the latter lands through royal donations of King Andrew II of Hungary for his court service, which does not rule out that he has amassed wealth in other parts of Hungary.

Bánk's marriage with an unidentified lady produced a daughter. She married a certain Simon. Early historiography identified Bánk's son-in-law with Simon Kacsics, a possible participant of the assassination of Queen Gertrude. However, as historian Gyula Pauler proved, while Simon Kacsics had descendants (his last known offspring was still alive in 1299), Bánk's son-in-law, a certain Simon, who was mentioned by a royal charter of Stephen V from 1270, and who possibly also participated in the murder of Queen Gertrude, died without issue.

Career
Until the early 19th century, several Hungarian historians incorrectly identified Bánk Bár-Kalán and his contemporary Benedict, son of Korlát to be one person, based on the erroneous conclusion that the name Banco was considered to be a version of Benedict. However, the two persons appear in a half-dozen charters simultaneously, so identification can be ruled out. This error had a long-term effect in Hungarian popular culture and literature (see below) and even Russian–Ukrainian historiography regarding the history of the Kievan Rus' (see "Benedikt Bor").

Bánk started his court career during the reign of King Emeric. He is first referred to as ispán of Újvár County in 1199. It is plausible he supported the king in his struggle for the power against his younger brother Andrew, Duke of Slavonia. When Emeric captured Andrew near Varaždin in October 1203, Bánk was appointed ispán of Zala County, which then belonged to the duke's realm.

Despite his former political alignment, Bánk managed to retain his influence and power after Andrew II ascended the Hungarian throne in 1205. He is mentioned as ispán of Újvár County again in 1206. He served as Ban of Slavonia from 1208 to 1209. He held the office of ispán of Bihar County, one of the most important counties during that time, from 1209 to 1212. Beside that, he also functioned as count (head) of the court of Queen Gertrude from 1210 to 1212. In this capacity, Bánk ("Banko") participated in the Hungarian military campaign against the Principality of Halych in the summer of 1211, when Andrew II intended to restore the child Danylo Romanovich to the Galician throne upon the request of a group of boyars. Thereafter, Bánk reached the peak of his career, serving as Palatine of Hungary from 1212 to 1213. Beside that, he was also ispán of Keve (1212) and Pozsony (1212–1213) counties. During his term, he judged over lawsuits in Szatmár and Bihar counties.

Following the assassination of Queen Gertrude in September 1213 (see below), Bánk disappears from the sources for four years. He was replaced as Palatine already in that year, but he was able to retain the office of ispán of Pozsony County for a brief time. Bánk regained influence, when Andrew II led the Fifth Crusade to the Holy Land. He was installed Ban of Slavonia in 1217. It is possible he held the dignity in 1218 too, according to a non-authentic royal charter. Andrew II styled Bánk as "Our faithful baron" () in 1218. Bánk served as Judge royal from 1221 to the first half of 1222. Beside that, he was also ispán of Fejér County (1221–1222), and ispán of Bodrog County (1222). Together with his deputy Benedict, Bánk presided over local judicial summits for the royal servants of Újvár, Szabolcs and Borsod counties in Northeast Hungary at the turn of 1221 and 1222, as notes of the Regestrum Varadinense shows, which can be consider as precursors of the later regular palatinal assemblies (), according to historians Ilona Bolla, István Tringli and Attila Zsoldos. Bánk lost his positions, when Andrew's opponents, a group of former pro-Emeric lords took power over the royal council. He functioned as ispán of Újvár County for the third time in the second half of 1222, after Andrew II regained control over the kingdom.

Over the decades, Bánk has received numerous land donations for his faithful services. Through this, he acquired Zsurk in Szabolcs County in 1212. He bought two villages named Lónya in Bereg County. He also possessed landholdings in Csoma and Gortva in Gömör County (present-day Čamovce and Gortva in Slovakia, respectively) and Újfalu and Jernye in Sáros County (present-day Chminianska Nová Ves and Jarovnice in Slovakia, respectively).

Assassination of Queen Gertrude

When Andrew II left Hungary for a new campaign against Halych, a group of Hungarian lords – led by Peter, son of Töre – taking advantage of the king's absence, attacked and assassinated Queen Gertrude and many of her courtiers in the Pilis Hills on 28 September 1213. The Hungarian lords were aggrieved at Queen Gertrude's favoritism towards her German entourage, according to some contemporary sources. Two royal charters of Béla IV of Hungary narrate that Bánk Bár-Kalán had participated in the assassination. In 1240, Béla IV donated Bánk's former lands, Csoma and Gortva to Gecse Türje. According to the document, Bánk had lost those estates for "his sin of high treason", since "he conspired to murder our dearest mother [Gertrude] — he lost all his possessions, not exactly unjustly, for he would have deserved more severe revenge by the judgment that common sense had brought upon him". When Béla granted the landholdings Újfalu and Jernye to Merse, son of Benedict (ancestor of the prestigious Szinyei Merse family) in 1262, the king noted too that those estates escheated to the crown from "our disloyal, Ban Bánk". According to a royal charter of Stephen V from 1270, the lands of Bánk's son-in-law Simon in Bereg and Szabolcs counties were also confiscated prior to that.

The Austrian Rhyming Chronicle ("Chronicon rhythmicum Austriacum") is the earliest known work, which preserved the alleged story of that Archbishop Berthold of Kalocsa, Gertrude's brother, raped Bánk's wife, which was the immediate cause of the assassination of the queen, who acted as a procuress in the adultery. According to this narration, Bánk led the conspirators and stabbed Gertrude with a sword personally. The chronicle was compiled by a Hungarian cleric in Klosterneuburg Abbey, Lower Austria around 1270. The chronicle claims that Béla IV ordered to slaughter all participants of the assassination, after he ascended the Hungarian throne in 1235. Its text was utilized by the Dominican Annals of Vienna ("Annales Praedicatorum Vindobonensium") at the end of the 13th century. In addition, the annals used other source too, since, unlike the Austrian Rhyming Chronicle, it mentions Bánk's alleged German name ("Prenger") and the exact date of the assassination. The 14th-century Illuminated Chronicle ("Chronicon Pictum") took over the story too, which then made a decisive contribution to making the story rooted in the Hungarian chronicle and historiographical tradition and, subsequently, the Hungarian-language literature and culture.

The fact that Bánk held court positions even after the assassination questions the authenticity of the above accounts, or at least his leading role in the conspiracy. Historian Gyula Pauler considered Bánk managed to survive the subsequent retaliation, because Andrew II was not strong enough to punish one of the most powerful barons, while the main assassin Peter, son of Töre was executed. According to János Karácsonyi, Bánk supported the conspiracy, but he did not mastermind the crime. Historian Erik Fügedi argued Bánk was the most prestigious member of the conspiracy, which in the following decades magnified his role and thus became the executor and chief of the assassination in the later narratives. Historian Pál Engel considered Andrew II had no choice but to be forgiving because he was supported by no more than a handful of barons, therefore only the actual killer Peter was impaled. Pauler argued Duke Béla persuaded his father to punish the assassins of his late mother – including Bánk –, after Andrew was forced to authorize his son to revise his previous land grants in 1228. In that year, Duke Béla confiscated the estates of two noblemen, brothers Simon and Michael Kacsics, who were also accused of plotting against Queen Gertrude. Tamás Körmendi emphasized the late 19th-century historiography incorrectly considered Andrew II as a weak ruler. Körmendi argued Bánk was accused of involvement in the assassination sometime only between 1222 and 1240. Along with other charged barons – Simon Kacsics, Michael Kacsics and Bánk's son-in-law Simon – it is presumable that Bánk became a victim of power intrigues and political purge, and accused of conspiracy purely out of political reasons, while Peter, son of Töre indeed assassinated the queen.

Legacy in literature and culture
Bánk's story, which was preserved by the Illuminated Chronicle, inspired many subsequent chroniclers and authors in Hungary, for instance the Chronicon Posoniense ("Chronicle of Pressburg"; present-day Bratislava, Slovakia; 1350s) and Johannes de Thurocz's Chronica Hungarorum (1480s). Antonio Bonfini, the court historian of King Matthias Corvinus expanded the story in his chronicle Rerum Ungaricarum decades ("Ten Volumes of Hungarian Matters") in the 1490s. Bonfini combined the events with Andrew's crusade took place four years later. Accordingly, Bánk appeared in the royal camp in the Holy Land, where he confessed to the murder. Thereafter, Andrew acquitted him, for he learned of his wife's "sin" which caused her assassination. Based on Bonfini's work, the 16th-century Transylvanian chronicler András Valkai wrote the first Hungarian-language epic poem under the title Az Nagysagos Bank Bannak Historia in 1567. Gáspár Heltai also translated the story to Hungarian in his work Chronica az magyaroknak dolgairól in 1575.

Bonfini's chronicle was also translated into German in 1545, which allowed the story of Bánk to spread in the German-speaking territories as well. Poet Hans Sachs wrote a tragedy on Ban Bánk under the title Andreas der ungarisch König mit Bankbano seinem getreutem Statthalter in 1561, updating the story to his own age at a few points (for instance, the appearance of the Ottoman Empire as enemy and the theses of the Reformation). The English playwright George Lillo also processed the story, but modified the plot at several points in his play Elmerick, or Justice Triumphant in 1739. The German poet Ludwig Heinrich von Nicolay wrote a ballad in the subject around 1795, while Johann Friedrich Ernst Albrecht created a dramatic poem (Der gerechte Andreas) in 1797. Independently from Katona's play and its derivative works, Austrian dramatist Franz Grillparzer wrote his historical tragedy in the subject (Ein treuer Diener seines Herrn) in 1826.

József Katona wrote the first edition of his play Bánk bán in 1814. He completely reworked the text in 1819, which was first printed in 1820. Its premiere, however, took place only in 1833. Katona utilized mostly the texts of Bonfini, Sachs, Valkai and Heltai. Despite the initial lack of interest of success, Katona's stage play became symbol of the Hungarian national revival; it was presented on the eve of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Based on Katona's work, Ferenc Erkel composed an opera in 3 acts with the same name, also using the libretto by Béni Egressy. The opera was first performed at the Pesti Nemzeti Magyar Szinház in Pest on 9 March 1861. The Bánk bán is labelled as Hungary's national opera.

In the play and the opera, the character of Bánk appears as a tragic hero and "defender" of the Hungarian national interests against the "oppressive" Queen Gertrude and her foreign courtiers. Since the early 19th-century historiography still assumed identity between Bánk and Benedict, son of Korlát, Katona called Bánk as "the son of Conrad" and modeled his fictional wife Melinda on the "beautiful" court lady Tota, who was the spouse of Benedict. As Tota belonged to the Nagymartoni family of Aragonese origin, Katona mistakenly connected "Melinda" to the kinship. In his play, Melinda's brothers, bans Mikhal and Simon of Boioth were of Spanish origin. Both of them are involved in the assassination. In fact, another couple of brothers, Simon and Michael Kacsics were that nobles, who were embroiled in suspicion of their involvement in the murder. In Katona's stage play, Gertrude's another brother Otto, who raped Bánk's wife, instead of Archbishop Berthold. In reality, Otto never stayed in Hungary.

References

Sources

Primary sources

Secondary sources

External links

Bank
Bans of Slavonia
Judges royal
Palatines of Hungary
12th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Hungarian people


title: Ubank

text:
Ubank Limited (formerly known as Teba Bank) is a South African bank operating in the microfinance sector which mainly targets lower-income blue-collar workers, especially those in the mining sector.

History
Teba Limited (stylised as TEBA), which was involved with the South African mining industry, was founded in 1912. The predecessor of the bank was the Teba Savings Fund (also known as Teba Cash) that was established in 1976 and processed the salaries of miners working at gold and platinum mines. In 1983, the savings fund became a separate company from Teba Limited, and was renamed as Teba Bank after obtaining a banking license from the South African Reserve Bank in 2000. In 2002, the bank launched the Teba Bank Funeral Plan catering to miners. In October 2010, the bank was renamed as Ubank. In 2022, The bank was placed under curatorship by the Reserve Bank of South Africa to "proactively mitigate the adverse consequences on Ubank's depositors, and to preserve the stability of the South African banking and financial services sector as a whole."

Operations
The bank chiefly operates in the rural areas of South Africa, with a large majority of its clientele identifying as low-income miners; in fact, according to a 2002 profile of the bank in Business in Africa, for many years "Teba Bank was the only financial institution thousands of workers toiling in South African mines knew." According to a 2010 report, the bank had some 500,000 clients, half of whom worked in the mining sector. It has over a hundred branches and around 37 ATMs. Its head office is in Midrand, Gauteng.

References

External links

Banks established in 1975
Banks of South Africa
Economy of Johannesburg
Microfinance organizations
South African companies established in 1975


title: Turahanoğlu family

text:
Turahanoğlu family () was one of the families that led the akıncı corps in Ottoman Empire between the 15th-16th centuries.

History
The family was of Yürük origin, as it descended from Yiğit Bey of Saruhan, who would become a prominent general. In 1390 the Ottomans populated parts of Macedonia (in modern-day northern Greece) and the Yürüks from Saruhan followed them. Pasha Yiğit Bey settled with the rest of the tribe in the borderland and was appointed as a leader of his troublesome fellow tribesmen. In 1392 Pasha Yiğit Bey led the army that took Skopje (), thus he was named the conqueror of Skopje by the Ottoman Empire.

Pasha Yiğit Bey became the first lord () of the Sanjak of Üsküp, the borderland province of Ottoman Empire, and served for 21 years, from 1392 to 1413. He died and was buried in Skopje. He had two sons, Turahan Bey and Ishak Bey. Turahan became a prominent Ottoman military commander and governor of Thessaly from 1423 until his death in 1456. He participated in many Ottoman campaigns of the second quarter of the 15th century, fighting against the Byzantines as well as against the Crusade of Varna. Turahan begat Ahmet and Ömer. The latter was an Ottoman general and governor, active chiefly in southern Greece, who fought in the Morea against both the Byzantines in the 1440s and 1450s and against the Venetians in the 1460s, while in 1456, he conquered the Latin Duchy of Athens. He also fought in Albania, north-east Italy, Wallachia and Anatolia.

Members
Turahan Bey (fl. 1413–d. 1456), general and governor, son of Pasha Yiğit Bey
Turahanoğlu Ahmed Bey
Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey (fl. 1435–1484), general and governor
Hasan Bey
Idris Bey

Family tree
After Franz Babinger in the Encyclopedia of Islam:

References

Sources

Ottoman Greece
Turks from the Ottoman Empire
Families from the Ottoman Empire
15th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire


title: San Francisco Golden Gaters

text:
The San Francisco Golden Gaters were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT). The Golden Gaters won two Western Division Championships and lost in the WTT Finals both times. The team was founded in 1973 and made the playoffs in each of the five seasons in which it participated in the league. Following the 1978 season, eight of the then 10 WTT franchises folded leaving only the Golden Gaters and the Phoenix Racquets prepared to participate in the 1979 season. WTT suspended operations of the league in March 1979, ending the Golden Gaters existence.

Team history

Founding and inaugural season

The Golden Gaters were founded as WTT's charter franchise for San Francisco, California in 1973, by former tennis player Cathie Anderson and attorney Larry King, then the husband of tennis superstar Billie Jean King. Anderson was the team's first president. The team played its home matches at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena in Oakland, California starting with the league's inaugural season in 1974 season. While the team was founded as a San Francisco franchise, it ended up playing its home matches across the San Francisco Bay in Oakland. The Golden Gaters' management sought to cultivate a San Francisco rather than an Oakland image for the team, and it did not put "Oakland" in front of its name. Nevertheless, the team did not want to alienate East Bay fans by using San Francisco as part of its name. The first name the franchise used was the Golden Gate Otters before settling on simply calling itself the Golden Gaters in its dealings with the general public. Since it would have been absurd to call the team the Golden Gate Golden Gaters, and the league used a location to identify all its teams, WTT reverted to using San Francisco, the location for which the original charter was issued, when referring to the team. They were listed in official WTT standings as the San Francisco Golden Gaters.

Jerry Diamond was hired as the Golden Gaters' general manager. Later in 1974, he would also become the first executive director of the newly formed Women's Tennis Association, a position he would hold for 11 years overseeing significant growth in the women's tour. The Golden Gaters opened their inaugural season with Frew McMillan as their player-coach and also featured Roy Emerson, Dick Bohrnstedt, Lesley Hunt, 18-year-old Ilana Kloss and Barbara Downs. Margaret Court was also on the team, but she did not play, because she was pregnant. Kloss would later go on to become WTT commissioner in 2001. With their 20th and final selection in the WTT's inaugural draft, the Golden Gaters (then still known as the Otters) selected co-owner and president Anderson who made the selection herself. She did not end up playing in WTT.

The Golden Gaters' inaugural match was a 35–26 victory at home over the Denver Racquets on May 8, 1974. Hunt split her two sets of women's singles but won 10 games and lost 7 against her opponents. Emerson won both of his men's singles sets over Andrew Pattison, 7–5 and 6–2. Kloss and McMillan played both mixed doubles set for the Golden Gaters and split them winning 12 games and losing 12. The Golden Gaters drew 4,012 fans for their opener at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena. Across the parking lot, the defending two-time World Champion Oakland Athletics were playing the Baltimore Orioles at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum and drew only 2,980 fans in head-to-head competition with the Golden Gaters for the attention of sports fans.

The Golden Gaters clinched a playoff berth with a 29–20 victory at home against the Hawaii Leis on August 15. Hunt suffered an eye injury in the opening set of women's singles when a forehand volley ricocheted off her racket and hit her right eye. She played two more points before being replaced by Downs and taken to the hospital with the score of the game tied 1–1. Downs won the set against Brigitte Cuypers, 7–5. Denise Carter-Triolo substituted for Hunt in women' doubles and teamed with Ilana Kloss for a 6–2 set win over Ann Kiyomura and Valerie Ziegenfuss. Bohrnstedt dropped a men's singles set to his former USC Trojans teammate Mike Machette, 6–3. With the match already decided, McMillan didn't play mixed doubles which was won by Kloss and Whitney Reed over Barry McKay and Ziegenfuss, 7–5.

The Golden Gaters finished their inaugural season with 23 wins and 21 losses, second place in the Pacific Section and qualified for the Western Division Semifinals against the Denver Racquets.

WTT playoff series in 1974, were played over two legs, one match on the home court of each team. The team with the best aggregate score over the two matches was the winner. As the higher seed, the Racquets had the choice to play either the first or the second match at home. The Racquets won both matches against the Golden Gaters, 29–17 in Denver on August 19, and 32–24 in Oakland on August 20, to end the season for San Francisco.

A division championship
Following the 1974 season, Dave Peterson acquired a controlling interest in the Golden Gaters and became the team's president.

Just before the start of the 1975 season, the Golden Gaters traded Margaret Court with whom they were unable to reach an agreement on a contract to the Hawaii Leis for the rights to Chris Evert who had not expressed any interest in playing in WTT. Evert did not sign with the Golden Gaters.

The Golden Gaters added Tom Okker, Betty Stöve, 19-year-old Ann Kiyomura and Kate Latham. Kiyomura was from San Mateo, California, and Latham was from Palo Alto, California. Kiyomura had originally been selected by the Golden Gaters in WTT's inaugural draft but traded before the 1974 season to Hawaii for Dick Bohrnstedt and played for the Leis. The Golden Gaters also re-signed Whitney Reed and made him a player-assistant coach. Player-coach Frew McMillan teamed with Okker to lead WTT in game-winning percentage in men's doubles and with Stöve to lead in that category in mixed doubles. Okker's performance earned him the Male Most Valuable Player Award. McMillan was named WTT Coach of the Year.

The Golden Gaters raced to the top of the Western Division standings in 1975, with 29 wins and 15 losses. The first-place finish earned the Golden Gaters a bye in the Western Division Semifinals and set up a matchup with the Phoenix Racquets in the Western Division Championship Series.

Because the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena was booked by a circus in late August, the Golden Gaters 1975 home playoff matches were played at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California.

The Golden Gaters took the first match of the best-of-three series in Phoenix, Arizona, 25–24, on August 18. They returned home for their first-ever match at the Cow Palace on August 19, to complete the series sweep with a 26–20 victory which made the Golden Gaters Western Division Champions and sent them to the WTT Finals against the Pittsburgh Triangles who had WTT's best regular-season record in 1975. The Racquets led the second match, 18–17, after the first three sets, when Stöve came up with a dominant 6–1 set win over Françoise Dürr to give the Golden Gaters a 23–19 lead heading to the final set of mixed doubles which matched Stöve and McMillan against Kris Kemmer Shaw and Tony Roche. After holding in their first two service games, Stöve and McMillan broke Shaw's serve in the fourth game for a 3–1 lead in the set ending the match.

The Golden Gaters squeezed out a win in the opener of the best-of-three finals series at the Cow Palace, 26–25, on August 21. The Triangles won a tight second match in Pittsburgh on August 24, in front of 2,182 fans which set up a deciding third match. The win clearly inspired the Triangles' fans. On August 25, the Pittsburgh Civic Arena had 6,882 spectators walk through the turnstiles to see the Triangles dominate the rubber match, 21–14, and win the WTT title. Two sets in the deciding match were key to the Triangles' victory. Vitas Gerulaitis notched a 6–1 set win over Okker in men's singles, and Evonne Goolagong Cawley topped Stöve by the same score in women's singles.

Back to back division titles
On October 29, 1975, the Golden Gaters announced that they had traded the rights to negotiate with superstar Chris Evert to the Phoenix Racquets. Under the terms of the deal, the Racquets would send a player to be named later and undisclosed cash consideration to the Golden Gaters if they were able to sign Evert. If the Racquets failed to sign Evert before the 1976 season, the rights to her would revert to the Golden Gaters. The Golden Gaters had tried unsuccessfully to sign Evert after the 1975 season. When the trade was announced, Golden Gaters owner Dave Peterson said, "Chris indicated she had a strong preference for starting her World Team Tennis career in Phoenix. I feel her decision was greatly influenced by the fact that her closest friend, Kris Shaw, is on the Phoenix roster. We hated to make the deal. If it were just a matter of money we would have signed Chris, but money wasn't the major factor."

After signing Evert, the Racquets sent Françoise Dürr to the Golden Gaters to complete the deal. The Golden Gaters signed Dürr to a two-year contract. Dürr was an All-Star with the Racquets in 1975. Golden Gaters returning players Frew McMillian, Tom Okker and Betty Stöve were all All-Stars in 1975, as well. This made the Golden Gaters the only WTT team with four All-Stars from the previous season on their roster. Ilana Kloss announced just before the 1976 season that she was leaving the team in order to fully participate in clay-court tournaments in Europe which conflicted with the WTT schedule.

The signing of Dürr united her with Stöve with whom she had frequently and successfully partnered on the pro tournament circuit. Dürr said, "I’m very happy to be in San Francisco and with the Gaters." Then, looking in the direction of Stöve, she added, "I’m looking forward to playing doubles with Betty." When the Golden Gaters acquired Dürr, they also acquired her Airedale terrier Topspin who served as her valet carrying her racquets. Topspin had a winning pedigree having served as the mascot of the 1974 WTT Champion Denver Racquets.

The Golden Gaters reached a deal with KTVU-TV Channel 2 to broadcast four of the team's road matches live in the San Francisco Bay Area.

For the 1976 season, the Golden Gaters added Jeff Borowiak and Raquel Giscafré. For the second time, Ann Kiyomura was shipped away, this time to the Indiana Loves. With the Loves, she teamed up with Ray Ruffels to lead WTT in game-winning percentage in mixed doubles in 1976. Two-sport star John Lucas was signed by the Golden Gaters during the season.

Controversy arose before the start of the 1976 season when Golden Gaters co-owner Larry King acting in his capacity as WTT president changed the date of a match between the Pittsburgh Triangles and Boston Lobsters from May 8 to May 16, to free up Evonne Goolagong for a promotional event. Triangles owner Frank Fuhrer protested the change and called for a vote of the owners to overrule the decision. The Golden Gaters abstained from voting. The Lobsters, who were hosting the match in question, voted to accept the schedule change. However, Fuhrer got six other owners to side with him to overrule King's decision. Later, the sponsor of the promotional event appealed to Fuhrer personally and bought $10,000 worth of tickets to two Triangles matches resulting in Fuhrer accepting the schedule change. The conflicts of interest that were pervasive throughout WTT clearly caused dissent among some owners. Fuhrer was quoted as saying, "We're the defending champs, and I'm not having Larry King change my schedule on me to accommodate his own interests. We're going to get all the conflict of interest out of this league."

On June 28, 1976, the Golden Gaters claimed the negotiating rights to ten reigning French Open champion Adriano Panatta after he had been left unprotected by the New York Sets. Golden Gaters did not contact Panatta about a contract but did inform him that they had obtained his rights. "Should the time arise in the near future when the Gaters need some strength in the men's category," said Golden Gaters owner Dave Peterson, "I will not hesitate to sit down with Adriano and discuss financial terms. But, until that time comes, I am totally pleased with our present lineup and look at the Panatta acquisition as a strengthening to the Gater franchise."

During the 1976 season, Tom Okker earned the Male All-Star Match Most Valuable Player Award. The Golden Gaters finished the 1976 regular season with 28 wins and 16 losses, second place in the Western Division, 2 matches behind the Phoenix Racquets whom they met in the Western Division Championship Series. McMillan and Okker led WTT in game-winning percentage in men's doubles, and Dürr and Stöve were the leaders in women's doubles.

On August 16, the Golden Gaters opened the playoffs on the road in front of 5,848 fans at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum with a dominant victory over the Racquets. Okker and Frew McMillian opened the match with a 6–2 set win over Andrew Pattison and player-coach Tony Roche. Stöve followed with a stunning 7–6 set win over reigning Wimbledon champion and WTT Female Most Valuable Player Evert to extend the Golden Gaters lead to 13–8. Stöve and Dürr then dominated Evert and Shaw, 6–0, in women's doubles pushing the Golden Gaters lead to 19–8. Okker won the men's singles against Pattison, 7–6, in a tiebreaker, and Dürr and Lucas took the final set from Shaw and Roche, 6–2, for a final score of 32–16. Stöve had lost all six women's singles matchups with Evert during the regular season.

The Golden Gaters returned home to Oakland for the second match with a chance to clinch the best-of-three series on August 17. McMillan and Dürr took the opening set of mixed doubles from Roche and Shaw, 6–3. Evert came back strong from her loss the previous night with a dominant 6–1 set win over Stöve to give the Racquets a 9–7 lead. The Golden Gaters surged back in front with a 6–1 set win by McMillan and Okker over Roche and Pattison to take a 13–10 lead. Pattison cut the lead to 18–17 with a 7–5 men's singles win over Okker. Dürr and Stöve dominated Evert and Shaw, 6–1, in women's singles for a 24–18 victory and the Golden Gaters' second consecutive Western Division Championship.

The Golden Gaters opened the best-of-five WTT Finals at home on August 20, against the New York Sets with a 31–23 overtime loss. The Sets took a 25–15 lead to the final set of women's doubles. Dürr and Stöve beat Virginia Wade and Billie Jean King, 7–5, to force overtime. Wade and King won the second game of overtime to seal the match. The Golden Gaters drew 5,120 fans for the second match in Oakland on August 23. Golden Gaters coach McMillan hoped to get the team off to a good start in the match by having his strong women's doubles team play first. However, Wade and King marched to a shockingly dominant 6–0 set win against Dürr and Stöve. Sandy Mayer won the first three games of men's singles against Okker to give the Sets a 9–0 lead. Mayer went on to win the set, 6–1, and give the Sets a 12–1 lead. The Golden Gaters picked up their play from there and even forced overtime. But the Sets cruised to a 29–21 victory. The Golden Gaters hit the road for the third match at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum which was dominated by the Sets, 31–13 in front of 5,730 fans on August 27. Wade and Mayer both had dominant 6–1 victories in singles over Dürr and Okker, respectively. The Sets completed the series sweep by winning all five sets of the final match.

Departure of Stöve
In October 1976, Golden Gaters co-owner Larry King resigned as WTT president and became the interim president of the New York Sets, the team for which his wife Billie Jean played, furthering the conclusion that there were many conflicts of interest throughout the league.

Following the 1976 season, the Golden Gaters left Betty Stöve unprotected, and she was selected in the WTT draft by the Sea-Port Cascades. New WTT rules intended to create more competitive balance among the league's teams forced the Golden Gaters to leave one of their big stars unprotected. Frew McMillan, Tom Okker and Françoise Dürr all returned to the Golden Gaters for the 1977 season. The team added John and Terry Holladay and Betsy Nagelsen. The Golden Gaters also signed Henry Schneidman as an assistant coach.

The departure of Stöve presented challenges for the Golden Gaters. Nagelsen became Dürr's regular partner in women's doubles, and the pair won only 170 out of 382 games played (.445). Terry Holladay became the primary women's singles player and won only 189 out of 390 games played (.485). Areas that were strengths for the Golden Gaters in 1976, became weaknesses in 1977. For the third straight year, McMillan and Okker had WTT's highest game-winning percentage in men's doubles. Okker also had a winning record as the team's primary men's singles player.

The Golden Gaters finished 1977 with 25 wins and 19 losses, second place in the Western Division, 3 matches behind the Phoenix Racquets. McMillan was named WTT Male Most Valuable Player.

The Golden Gaters met the San Diego Friars in the Western Division Semifinals. The Friars won the first match in Oakland, 24–22, on August 16. The Friars completed the sweep in the second match in San Diego with a 24–21 victory on August 17. With the Golden Gaters leading, 20–18, after four sets, the Friars got a 6–1 set win from Rod Laver and Cliff Drysdale over Okker and McMillan in men's doubles to secure the victory.

Final season
By late 1977, Golden Gaters co-founder Larry King owned interests in the Golden Gaters, the New York Apples, the Pennsylvania Keystones (a proposed expansion franchise) and WTT Properties, the league's main marketing arm. After the 1977 season, Bob Horowitz became the Golden Gaters' new general manager replacing minority owner Jerry Diamond who remained with the team. Françoise Dürr was left unprotected in the 1978 WTT expansion draft, and she was selected by the Anaheim Oranges who later signed her.

For the 1978 season, the Golden Gaters changed the colors of their team logo and made minor alterations to the way the stings on the racquet included in the logo appear. The old colors were burnt umber and yellow. The new colors were purple and orange. Corresponding changes were made to the uniforms worn by the players and coaches. In a February 1978 trade that relieved the financially struggling Indiana Loves of the remainder of their obligation under the two-year $250,000 contract for Vitas Gerulaitis, the Golden Gaters acquired Gerulaitis for cash consideration and then sent him to the New York Apples in exchange for Sandy Mayer.

In March 1978, the Golden Gaters acquired Virginia Wade in a three-way trade with the Apples and the Seattle Cascades. Under the deal, Wade went from the Apples to the Golden Gaters, JoAnne Russell went from the Cascades to the Apples and Marita Redondo went from the Golden Gaters to the Cascades. Redondo did not play in WTT in 1977. After the 1977 season, she had been drafted by the Golden Gaters but not signed. Tom Okker did not return to WTT for the 1978 season. He played clay-court tournaments in Europe which conflict with the WTT schedule. Player-coach Frew McMillan was the only Golden Gaters returning player in 1978. In addition to newcomers Mayer and Wade, Ilana Kloss returned to the league and the team after a two-year absence, and the Golden Gaters signed Michael Wayman and Marise Kruger. In June, the Golden Gaters hired Tom Dietrich as assistant coach replacing Henry Schneidman who remained with the organization. Just before the start of the playoffs, the Golden Gaters signed Tom Leonard who was a regular member of the playoff lineup.

The Golden Gaters suffered through their first (and only) losing season in 1978, finishing with 21 wins and 23 losses, third place in the Western Division. They met the Los Angeles Strings in the WTT Quarterfinals. McMillan repeated as WTT Male Most Valuable Player. The first match of the best-of-three series was at the Forum in Inglewood, California on August 15. The Strings dominated the match, 29–17, winning four of the five sets. The only set won by the Golden Gaters was a 6–4 women's singles victory by Wade over Chris Evert. The Strings went on to win the series and end the Golden Gaters' season.

Following the 1978 season, eight of the 10 WTT franchises folded leaving only the Golden Gaters and the Racquets prepared to participate in the 1979 season. A few weeks after most of the franchises announced they were folding, WTT announced the creating of three new expansion franchises in Dallas, Los Angeles and San Diego and said that there would be five more expansion franchises chosen from a pool of candidates.
WTT suspended operations of the league in March 1979, ending the Golden Gaters existence.

Season-by-season records
The following table shows regular season records, playoff results and titles won by the San Francisco Golden Gaters.

Home courts
The following table shows home courts used by the San Francisco Golden Gaters.

Individual honors
The following table shows individual honors bestowed upon players and coaches of the San Francisco Golden Gaters.

Hall of Fame players
The following players who are enshrined in the International Tennis Hall of Fame played for the San Francisco Golden Gaters:
 Françoise Dürr
 Roy Emerson
 Frew McMillan
 Virginia Wade

Final roster
The San Francisco Golden Gaters final roster for the 1978 season was
 Frew McMillan, Player-Coach
 Tom Dietrich, Assistant Coach
 Ilana Kloss
 Marise Kruger
 Tom Leonard
 Sandy Mayer
 Virginia Wade
 Michael Wayman

See also

 World Team Tennis

References

External links
 Official World TeamTennis Website

Defunct World TeamTennis teams
1973 establishments in California
Tennis in California
Sports clubs and teams in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sports clubs and teams established in 1973
1979 disestablishments in California
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1979
Sports clubs and teams in Oakland, California


title: True Sun (London newspaper)

text:
The True Sun was a London, pro-Whig, evening newspaper that was first published on 5 March 1832 and ceased publication in December 1837. It was published daily except Sundays.

In 1832–1834 Charles Dickens was a reporter for The True Sun.

In December 1833 Henry Hunt brought a libel action against the True Sun's proprietor Patrick Grant, publisher John Bell, and printer John Ager for an article published on 18 December 1832; however, Hunt was awarded damages of one farthing. Grant, Bell and Ager were prosecuted, convicted and confined in 1834 to the King's Bench Prison for advocating tax resistance against the British government's window tax.

In July 1835 D. Whittle Harvey purchased The True Sun. In 1837 Murdo Young purchased The True Sun from Whittle Harvey and a co-proprietor and merged it into his newspaper The Sun (which was published from 1792 to 1871).

See also
The Weekly True Sun

References

Defunct newspapers published in the United Kingdom
London newspapers


title: Heimat (disambiguation)

text:
Heimat is a German word with no English equivalent that denotes the relationship of a human being towards a certain spatial social unit.

Heimat may also refer to:

Heimat (play), an 1893 play by Hermann Sudermann
Heimat (1938 film), by Carl Froelich, based on the play
Heimat (film series), by Edgar Reitz
Heimat (1984 film), the first film in the series
Heimat (schooner)

See also
Heimatfilm, a genre of German-language cinema


title: Lucky Vatnani

text:
Lucky Vatnani (born 23 December 1985) is an Indian former professional snooker player. He is from Hyderabad, India, but was based in Sheffield, England during his snooker career.

Career
Vantani, a graduate from Sheffield Hallam University in Business Administration, showed promise in his amateur career, with a 6–5 loss to Pankaj Advani in 2010 Indian Championship, as well as a run to the last 16 of the IBSF World Snooker Championship in 2009 and winning the gold medal in the British University Snooker Championships during the same year.

In 2011, he won a place on the World Snooker Tour for the 2011–12 season. However, he missed several events due to visa issues and would struggle and only won two matches, both in the qualifying stages of the Welsh Open and with three consecutive defeats to Adam Duffy in the first round of the World Open, China Open and World Snooker Championship ensured he was unable to reach the top 64 and therefore dropped of the tour at the end of the season.

Vantani competed as an amateur in the preliminary rounds of the 2013 World Snooker Championship, but lost 5–3 to Paul Wykes. He also attempted the regain his place on the tour via the Q School in 2012, 2013 and 2014, but was unsuccessful on each occasion.

Vantanu entered the 2018 Q School in a bid to re-enter the professional snooker tour.

Performance and rankings timeline

Amateur Year by Year Performances

2015 Semi Finalist – Snooker Crown – All India open tournament – Delhi
2015 Quarter Finalist All India Invitational Snooker event – Chennai
2014 Top 16 World Snooker Championship – Bangalore
2013 APBSA Snooker event – Winner
2013 Indian Open pre-qualifying – Delhi – Qualifier
2013 Film Nagar Snooker event – Winner
2013 Simply Snooker Academy event – Winner
2013 All India Bhimavaram Invitational Snooker event – Winner
2012 79th Indian National Snooker Championship – Rank 6
2011 CCI Invitational Snooker Tournament – Quarter Finalist
2011 Shyam Shroff Memorial – Khar Gymkhana Invitational Snooker Tournament – Quarter Finalist
2010 77th Indian National Snooker Championship – Runner-up
2009 IBSF World Snooker (Men) Championship – Top 16
2009 76th Indian National Snooker Championship – Top 16
2009 BUCS Singles Snooker Championship – Gold Medalist
2009 CCI Platinum Jubilee Snooker Championship – Top 16
2008 75th Indian National Snooker Championship – Top 16
2008 3rd PCL-Manisha Invitation Snooker Championship – Runner-up
2008 Siri Fort Handicap Snooker Championship  – Winner
2007 74th Indian National Snooker Championship – Top 16
2006 India National Billiards & Snooker (U-21) Ranked 3
2006 AP State Senior Billiards & Snooker Championship – winner
2006 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion
2005 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion
2004 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion
2003 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion
2002 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion
2001 AP State Snooker (U-21) Champion

References

External links
 Profile on worldsnooker.com

 Profile on Pro Snooker Blog

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hyderabad, India
Indian snooker players
Alumni of Sheffield Hallam University
Cue sports players from Telangana


title: Mollie Harris

text:
Mollie Harris (born Mollie Woodley, 23 June 1913 – 2 October 1995) was an English actress and author, known for her appearances as village shopkeeper Martha Woodford in the BBC Radio soap opera The Archers.

Life
Mollie Woodley was born in Ducklington, Oxfordshire and raised in that county. After World War II, she became a writer and broadcaster for BBC Radio, on programmes such as In The Country, with Phil Drabble. She joined The Archers in 1970. and appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 8 October 1983.

Harris's books about her life in Oxfordshire, include her three-volume autobiography, A Kind of Magic (1969), Another Kind of Magic (1971) and The Green Years (1976). She wrote From Acre End (1982) about Eynsham, the village where she lived,. Mollie Harris wrote the book "The Archers Country Cookbook", which did appear under the name of "Martha Woodford", and was for a while a country cook resident on BBC television programme Pebble Mill at One. She also wrote books about privies.

She married Ginger Harris, a heating engineer, in 1937 and adopted his surname. He died in 1982. Harris died on 2 October 1995 in Oxford.

The painter Gary Woodley, who illustrated some of her books, was her cousin.

Bibliography

References

1913 births
1995 deaths
People from West Oxfordshire District
Place of death missing
BBC people
20th-century English actresses
English non-fiction writers
English radio actresses
The Archers
People from Eynsham
Actresses from Oxfordshire


title: Universitetshuset

text:
Universitetshuset may refer to the following university buildings in Sweden:
 Universitetshuset at Uppsala University, see University Hall (Uppsala University)
 Universitetshuset at Lund University, see Lund University Main Building
 The main building of Umeå University


title: North Lynnwood, Washington

text:
North Lynnwood is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Snohomish County, Washington. In 2010, it had a population of 16,574 inhabitants. It was originally part of Picnic Point-North Lynnwood. For the 2010 census, the CDP was separated into Picnic Point and North Lynnwood, with a small part going to the new Meadowdale CDP.

Geography
North Lynnwood is located at coordinates 47°51'12"N 122°16'35"W. It has an area of 3.12 sq. miles.

Notable points of interest
Well Number 5

References

Census-designated places in Snohomish County, Washington


title: Mats Rådberg

text:
Mats Rådberg (8 June 1948 – 27 June 2020) was a Swedish country singer, guitarist, composer and architect scoring several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970s/80s. He is well known for working together with the country band Rankarna under the name Mats Rådberg & Rankarna. He also participated at Melodifestivalen 1977 with the song "Du och jag och sommaren", written by Tomas Ledin, which ended up 10th.

Rådberg also acted as a background singer behind Chips at Melodifestivalen 1980. In 1980, he released the album I'm the Singer, You're the Song together with Elisabeth Andreasson, and in 1983 he scored a hit with the song Peta in en pinne i brasan, a Swedish-language version of Shel Silverstein's Put Another Log on the Fire.

Discography

Albums
1969 – Country Our Way (Rank Strangers)
1969 – Early Morning Rain (Rank Strangers; same as Country Our Way, released in Canada)
1970 – Rank Strangers (featuring Mats Rådberg)
1970 – Well Known Strangers (Mats Rådberg & Rankarna)
1975 – På egen hand
1975 – We Weren't Born in Tennessee (Mats Rådberg & Rankarna)
1976 – Min musik
1976 – The Best of Mats Rådberg
1977 – Mats Rådberg
1978 – Boogie
1979 – Det handlar om känslor
1980 – Mina bästa låtar
1980 – I'm the Singer, You're the Song
1980 – Some Broken Hearts Never Mend
1982 – Mamma, låt inte din grabb växa upp och bli en cowboy
1983 – Take Me to the Country
1984 – Familjens Svarta Får
1987 – Country Cookin'
1988 – Jag ger dig min morgon
1996 – When We Were Young
2002 – 100% Mats Rådberg & Rankarna
2014 – Nashville

References

External links
Rankarna.se

1948 births
2020 deaths
Swedish guitarists
Male guitarists
Swedish male singers
Swedish country singers
Singers from Stockholm


title: Hot Boy (song)

text:
"Hot Boy" is a single by American rapper Nardo Wick featuring American rapper Lil Baby, released on March 31, 2023 with an accompanying music video. It was produced by Go Grizzly and Cheeze Beatz.

Composition
The song has a "street-oriented" theme. Over a "rowdy" beat, Nardo Wick begins the song with a chorus followed by a "sharp" verse, and declares himself a "hot boy". Lil Baby performs the second verse.

Critical reception
Alexander Cole of HotNewHipHop gave the song a "Very Hotttt" rating and wrote, "Immediately, you are met with some truly dazzling production here. The drums sound incredible and the entire vibe fits Nardo Wick and his aesthetic perfectly. As for his rapping, he sound focused and as menacing as ever. His flow is impeccable, and if you are already a fan, you are going to be impressed. For those being introduced to Nardo Wick for the first time, this is going to make you a fan. As for Lil Baby, he does his thing as well. In fact, his contributions do a good job of enhancing the song."

Charts

References

2023 singles
2023 songs
Nardo Wick songs
Lil Baby songs
Songs written by Lil Baby
RCA Records singles