title: Vermorel

text:
Établissements V. Vermorel was a French engineering business that existed between 1850 and 1965:  for more than a century, until the death in 1957 of Édouard Vermorel, it was a family-run business.

The company presented its first automobile in 1899, but waited for some years before becoming a regular automobile producer.   Between 1908 and 1930 Vermorel was noteworthy as an automobile manufacturer, and commercial vehicle production continued till 1932.

Origins
The origins of Vermorel go back at least to the business set up in 1843 by Antoine Vermorel in a small village called Beauregard, in the countryside up-river of Lyon. Vermorel manufactured agricultural machinery: products included a successful threshing machine.

Most sources date the start of the business at 1850 which is when activities were relocated across the river to larger premises at Villefranche-sur-Saône. The focus was on agricultural equipment and machinery for wood-working. Antoine Morel's son, Victor, joined the business in 1863. At the end of the nineteenth century activity was still concentrated on agricultural equipment, notably a machine for spraying sulphur based insecticides and fungicides in the region's vineyards, still recovering from the destruction wrought by the Phylloxera plague during the 1870s and 1880s.

The company was nevertheless keen to diversify, and automobiles were seen as a promising growth sector. A key role in Vermorel's beginnings as an automaker was played by François Pilain (1859–1924), chiefly remembered in retrospect as the uncle of Emile Pilain. During the closing decades of the nineteenth century François Pilain worked for pioneering automobile companies such as Serpollet and La Buire. In 1897 he established his own automobile business, the "Société François Pilain", but he almost immediately abandoned this project in order to join Victor Vermorel's established engineering company, with the mandate to create the Vermorel automobile division. Under Pilain's leadership, the first Vermorel prototype was ready to be exhibited in March 1899 at the Lyon Fair. It featured a twin cylinder engine which delivered power to the rear wheels via a chain-drive mechanism. Several more Vermorel cars had been developed and constructed by the time the project came to a temporary halt in August 1901. Assisted during this period by his nephew, Pilain experimented with various innovative transmission mechanisms:it is therefore surprising that when, some years later, Vermorel automobiles went into production, they featured conventional chain based transmissions. In August 1901, after working with Vermorel for slightly under four years, Pilain left in order to try again establishing his own automobile manufacturing business, setting himself up at a premises at 51 rue de l'Abondance in nearby Lyon. His new business was registered as the "Société des Automobiles Pilain" (more commonly known as "SAP"). Pilain's business in Lyon made interesting progress, but it needed funding, and Pilain's agreement with his investors seems to have led to a loss of control that after seven years enabled him to be forced out of his business, following disagreements over spending priorities.

In Pilain's absence, Vermorel's ambitions to become an auto-maker apparently lapsed, but in 1908 the project was reinvigorated and Vermorel emerged as a regular automobile producer.

Before the war
During the early years of the twentieth century France was the world's leading automobile producer and the years from 1908 to 1914 were boom years for the sector:  by 1911 Vermorel was employing 800 people.
The first production model, in 1908, owed less to Pilain than to a talented engineer called Claude Givaudan who had joined the company in the meantime and who designed the chassis.   The manufacturer's first production model used a 1.8-litre 4-cylinder T-head engine with a four speed transmission and three-quarter-elliptic rear suspension.   A proliferation of Givaudan designs followed, though some proved very ephemeral, and it is not till approximately 1911 that a relatively stable Vermorel automobile range can be identified.

By 1912 Vermorel were offering cars with engine sizes of 2.2 and 3.3 litre capacity. The T-head engine configuration was by now already seen as rather old fashioned, and in 1913 the manufacturer introduced L-head engine designs for their "8/10 CV" and "16/20 CV" with engine capacities of respectively 1.5 and 2.8 litres.   The similarly configured "12/16 CV" 2.3 litre engined version that appeared a year later was Vermorel's last new model before the war (and would be the first model to reappear when hostilities ended over four years later).

After the war
Less than a year after the outbreak of peace, the Vermorel company was focused on a single model, the "Vermorel Type S" of 12/16HP which sat on a  wheelbase and was powered by a 2234cc 4-cylinder engine, being based on one of the company's last pre-war models.   Exhibited at the 15th Paris Motor Show in October 1919, the "Type S" was priced by the manufacturer at 22,500 francs, which included a "Torpedo" 4-seater body.

For 1922 Vermorel introduced a 1690cc 8/16CV model which was in some respects conservatively engineered, with a side-valve "fixed-head" engine, a foot brake that worked on the transmission and a cone clutch.   The car featured four-speed transmission, and four-wheel braking was available.   By the time of the 19th Paris Motor Show this model, designated as the Vermorel "Type X", was the only model represented on the manufacturer's show stand.      The standard "Tourisme-ville" (towncar sedan) retained the side-valve engine but there was also a "Sport" version for which overhead valvegear was used.   The wheelbases was (still)  on the standard car, but the "Sports" model featured a reduced  wheelbase.   The manufacturer's price for a "Torpedo" bodied car was now 27,200 francs.

Victor Vermorel died in 1927 and the business passed to his son, Édouard Vermorel.  François Pilain had already died, in 1924, after falling from a moving tram.

In October 1928 the 1690cc model, now designated as the Vermorel "Type ZX" was again on display on the Vermorel stand at the 22nd Paris Motor Show, its wheelbase now trimmed to .   The normal version was now labelled as the "Grand Tourisme" and, as before, a slightly more rapid "Sport" version was also offered.   A top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) was listed for the "Type ZX Sport".   There was also a new model launched ahead of the 1929 model year, the Vermorel "Type AH3".   This car featured a 2-litre 6-cylinder engine and the traditional (for Vermorel)  wheelbase.   The car was broadly conventional, but it was again fitted with a 4-speed transmission which at this time was still far from universal.   It also featured a 12-volt coil ignition.

The year in which the Wall Street Crash would trigger a deep and sustained economic depression across western economies, was, with the benefit of hindsight, not the best time to be broadening the range upmarket.   The automobile business was in any event being transformed by the introduction, spearheaded in France by Citroën, of "all-steel" car bodies.   For volume producers willing and able to invest in huge steel presses and dies for stamping out large numbers of identical and increasingly complex steel panels, "all-steel" car bodies carried the lure of big profits, but for second tier makers of mid-range cars there was no prospect of achieving the volumes necessary to cover the capital cost of the plant.  Edouard Vermorel ended passenger car production in 1930.   Truck production continued only till 1932.  The company itself survived for more than a further three decades, concentrating again on the agricultural machinery sector, in respect of which it had never lost its engineering expertise.

Édouard Vermorel died in 1957 after which the company was subject to several changes in ownership before it finally closed down in 1965.

External links

 GTÜ Gesellschaft für Technische Überwachung mbH (in German) (accessed 21 March 2013)

Reading list
 Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: Die Internationale Automobil-Enzyklopädie. United Soft Media Verlag, München 2008, . (German)
 George Nick Georgano (Chefredakteur): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 3: P–Z. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, . (English)
 George Nick Georgano: Autos. Encyclopédie complète. 1885 à nos jours. Courtille, Paris 1975. (French)

Sources and notes

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Manufacturing companies established in 1850
Companies based in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes


title: C. J. Fiedorowicz

text:
Colton John "C. J." Fiedorowicz (born October 22, 1991) is a former American football tight end. He was drafted by the Houston Texans in the third round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Iowa.

Early years
A native of Johnsburg, Illinois, Fiedorowicz attended local Johnsburg High School where he earned first-team all-conference honors for three straight seasons and was league Player of the Year as a senior. For his career, he totaled 183 receptions for 3,121 yards and 42 touchdowns, all school records. He was selected to play in the 2010 U. S. Army All-American Bowl in San Antonio, Texas.

Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was rated as the fifth best tight end prospect in his class.

College career
Fiedorowicz attended the University of Iowa from 2010 to 2013. He became a starter during his junior season, and totaled 84 receptions for 830 yards and nine touchdowns in his career. He was named a first-team All-Big Ten selection as a senior.

Professional career
On November 25, 2013, it was reported that Fiedorowicz accepted his invitation to play in the 2014 Senior Bowl. The week leading up to the Senior Bowl, Fiedorowicz impressed scouts and media in attendance with his blend of power blocking and receiving ability. He was named the top tight end and Alabama Power's Most Outstanding Receiver during practices by the Senior Bowl's Executive Director Phil Savage. On January 25, 2014, he appeared in the Senior Bowl and recorded two combined tackles as part of Atlanta Falcons' head coach Mike Smith's North team, who lost 20–10 to the South. Fiedorowicz was one of 22 tight ends who received an invitation to the NFL Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. He finished fifth among his position group in the 40-yard dash and bench press and finished first among all tight ends in the three-cone drill and short shuttle. On March 24, 2014, Fiedorowicz opted to participate at Iowa's pro day, along with Christian Kirksey, James Morris, Anthony Hitchens, and nine others. He performed positional drills that were led by Cincinnati Bengals' assistant coach Jonathan Hayes, who was among the team representatives and scouts from 28 NFL teams that attended. Throughout the pre-draft process, Fiedorowicz had private meetings and workouts with multiple teams, including the Denver Broncos, San Francisco 49ers, New England Patriots, New York Jets, Atlanta Falcons, Detroit Lions, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, he was projected to be a third or fourth round pick by NFL draft experts and analysts. Fiedorowicz was ranked the fifth best tight end prospect in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com and NFL analyst Mike Mayock.

The Houston Texans selected Fiedorowicz in the third round (65th overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. He was the fifth tight end selected in 2014 and the first of only three Iowa players taken that year.

2014
On May 26, 2014, the Texans signed Fiedorowicz to a four-year, $3.19 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $703,304.

Throughout his first training camp, he competed with Garrett Graham, Ryan Griffin, Zach Potter,  and Anthony Denham for the job as the starting tight end. Head coach Bill O'Brien named him the second tight end behind longtime veteran Garrett Graham.

He made his professional regular season debut in the Houston Texans' season-opening 17–6 victory against the Washington Redskins. Fiedorowicz was the top tight end in the season-opener after Garrett Graham was unable to play due to a back injury. He would go on to miss Week 2 at the Oakland Raiders with a foot injury. On September 21, 2014, Fiedorowicz earned his first career start during a 30–17 loss at the New York Giants. On October 9, 2014, Fiedorowicz caught the first reception of his career on a seven-yard pass by Ryan Fitzpatrick in the second quarter of a 33–28 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. During a Week 16 matchup against the Baltimore Ravens, Fiedorowicz caught a season-high two passes for 12 yards and scored his first career touchdown in their 25–13 victory. His first career touchdown reception came on a trick play in the second quarter. Quarterback Case Keenum pitched the ball to running back Arian Foster who drew the defense in with a fake run and threw a seven-yard pass to Fiedorowicz who was wide open in the end zone. He finished his rookie season in  with four receptions for 28 yards and a touchdown in eight starts and 15 games.

2015
He returned as the second tight end behind Garrett Graham for his second season in . Offensive coordinator George Godsey took over play calling duties and implemented a higher use of two tight end sets that increased Fiedorowicz's snap count. He started the season-opener against the Kansas City Chiefs and a pass for a 15-yard gain in Houston's 27–20 loss. On October 4, 2015, he had a season-high three receptions for 28 yards and a touchdown during a 48–21 loss at the Atlanta Falcons. He finished the season with 17 receptions for 167 receiving yards and a touchdown in 16 games and 14 starts.

2016
With the departure of Garrett Graham, Fiedorowicz became the Texans' de facto starting tight end to begin the  season.

During a Week 4 matchup against the Tennessee Titans, he caught four pass for 48 yards and a touchdown as the Texans won 27–20. On October 16, 2016, Fiedorowicz had six receptions for a season-high 85 yards and a touchdown in a 26–23 defeat of the Indianapolis Colts. In Week 8, he made five catches for 43 yards and a touchdown as the Texans defeated the Detroit Lions 20–13. He left the game after a helmet-to-helmet hit from Lions' safety Tavon Wilson while attempting to catch a pass by Brock Osweiler. He later returned to the game after clearing concussion protocol. On November 21, 2016, he caught a season-high six passes for 82 yards during a 27–20 loss to the Oakland Raiders. On December 11, 2016, Fiedorowicz left in the fourth quarter of the Texans' 22–17 win at the Indianapolis Colts. He suffered a concussion after catching three passes for 32 yards and was inactive for a Week 15 victory against the Jacksonville Jaguars. He finished the  season with a career-high 54 receptions for 559 yards and four touchdowns in 15 games and 15 starts.

The Houston Texans finished atop the AFC South with a 9–7 record. On January 14, 2017, Fiedorowicz caught three passes for 36 yards and a touchdown as the Texans lost 34–16 in the AFC Divisional round to the eventual Super Bowl LI Champions the New England Patriots.

2017
On April 31, 2017, the Texans signed Fiedorowicz to a three-year, $21.5 million contract that includes $10.09 million guaranteed.

Fiedorowicz missed the final three preseason games after suffering a concussion in the preseason opener against the Carolina Panthers. He started the Houston Texans' regular-season opener against the Jacksonville Jaguars and caught four passes for 46 yards during their 29–7 loss. Unfortunately, he left the game after suffering a concussion and was placed on injured reserve on September 12, 2017. Fiedorowicz remained on injured reserve for eight games (Weeks 2-10). He was activated off injured reserve to the active roster on November 10, 2017. His first game back, he had two receptions for 10 yards in the Texans' 33–7 loss at the Los Angeles Rams. On December 3, 2017, Fiedorowicz caught two passes for 16 yards in Houston's 24–13 loss to the Tennessee Titans. He left the game after suffering his third concussion of the season and was placed back on injured reserve on December 5, 2017.

Retirement

On March 15, 2018, Fiedorowicz announced his retirement from football, citing many concussions he suffered throughout his career.

NFL statistics

Regular season

Postseason

References

External links
Iowa Hawkeyes bio

Living people
1991 births
American football tight ends
American people of Polish descent
Houston Texans players
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
People from Johnsburg, Illinois
Sportspeople from McHenry County, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois


title: Rational arrival process

text:
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a rational arrival process (RAP) is a mathematical model for the time between job arrivals to a system. It extends the concept of a Markov arrival process, allowing for dependent matrix-exponential distributed inter-arrival times.

The processes were first characterised by Asmussen and Bladt and are referred to as rational arrival processes because the inter-arrival times have a rational Laplace–Stieltjes transform.

Software

 Q-MAM a MATLAB toolbox which can solve queueing systems with RAP arrivals.

References

Queueing theory


title: Four for Tomorrow

text:
Four for Tomorrow is the first story collection by Roger Zelazny, published in paperback by Ace Books in 1967. British hardcover and paperback editions followed in 1969, under the title A Rose for Ecclesiastes. The first American hardcover was issued in the Garland Library of Science Fiction in 1975. A French translation appeared in 1980 (as Une rose pour l'Ecclésiaste). Paperback reissues continued from Ace and later from Baen Books into the 1990s.

Contents

 Introduction (Theodore Sturgeon)
 "The Furies" (Amazing Stories 1965)
 "The Graveyard Heart" (Fantastic 1964)
 "The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth" (F&SF 1965)
 "A Rose for Ecclesiastes" (F&SF 1963)

"The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth" won the Nebula Award and was nominated for the Hugo. "A Rose for Ecclesiastes" was nominated for the Hugo.

Reception

Judith Merril rated the collection "what may well prove the best reading-buy of 1967". P. Schuyler Miller similarly described it as "certainly going to be one of the 'must' books" of the year. Algis Budrys said that the stories could have been written by eminent authors like Henry Kuttner and C. L. Moore, Sturgeon, Ray Bradbury, Avram Davidson, Philip Jose Farmer, and W. B. Yeats, but Zelazny "is beginning where other famous people have arrived".

References

External links

Short story collections by Roger Zelazny
1967 short story collections
Ace Books books


title: John Martin (sport shooter)

text:
John Martin (17 May 1868 – 27 June 1951) was a British sports shooter. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics winning a silver medal in the team military rifle event.

His brother Alex Martin represented Canada at the same Olympics and his son Alexander Martin competed for Great Britain at the 1924 Olympics.

References

1868 births
1951 deaths
British male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Great Britain
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Pull It

text:
Pull It may refer to:

"Pull It", a 2009 song by Shystie
"Pull It", a 2015 song by Dillon Francis and Bro Safari from This Mixtape Is Fire


title: Matrix-exponential distribution

text:
In probability theory, the matrix-exponential distribution is an absolutely continuous distribution with rational Laplace–Stieltjes transform. They were first introduced by David Cox in 1955 as distributions with rational Laplace–Stieltjes transforms.

The probability density function is  (and 0 when x < 0), and the cumulative distribution function is  where 1 is a vector of 1s and

There are no restrictions on the parameters α, T, s other than that they correspond to a probability distribution. There is no straightforward way to ascertain if a particular set of parameters form such a distribution. The dimension of the matrix T is the order of the matrix-exponential representation.

The distribution is a generalisation of the phase-type distribution.

Moments

If X has a matrix-exponential distribution then the kth moment is given by

Fitting

Matrix exponential distributions can be fitted using maximum likelihood estimation.

Software

BuTools a MATLAB and Mathematica script for fitting matrix-exponential distributions to three specified moments.

See also

 Rational arrival process

References

Continuous distributions


title: Walter Padgett

text:
Walter Padgett (1867 – 4 May 1929) was a British sports shooter. He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics winning a silver medal in the team military rifle event.

References

1867 births
1929 deaths
British male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Great Britain
Shooters at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Kingston upon Hull
20th-century British people


title: Grzegorz Guzik

text:
Grzegorz Guzik (born 20 August 1991, in Sucha Beskidzka) is a Polish biathlete. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2013 in Nove Mesto na Morave. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in sprint and individual.

In July 2014, Guzik married fellow biathlete Krystyna Pałka.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
0 medals

*The mixed relay was added as an event in 2014.

World Championships
0 medals

*During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
**The mixed relay was added as an event in 2005.

References

1991 births
Living people
Polish male biathletes
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for Poland
People from Sucha County
Sportspeople from Lesser Poland Voivodeship


title: Tox (protocol)

text:
Tox is a peer-to-peer instant-messaging and video-calling protocol that offers end-to-end encryption. The stated goal of the project is to provide secure yet easily accessible communication for everyone. A reference implementation of the protocol is published as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU GPL-3.0-or-later.

History

Inception
An idea of developing a secure peer-to-peer messenger which would later turn into Tox sparked on an anonymous imageboard 4chan amidst the allegations that Skype provided NSA with an access to their infrastructure and encryption, just before they were bought by Microsoft.

The initial commit to GitHub was pushed on June 23, 2013, by a user named irungentoo. Unofficial community builds became available as early as on August 23, 2013, with first official builds made available in October 2013. On July 12, 2014, Tox entered an alpha stage in development and a redesigned download page was created for the occasion.

Project's fork and Rust implementation
Sometime during 2016, the original reference implementation saw a steady decline in development activity, with the last known commit currently dated Oct 2018. This caused the project to split, with those interested in continuing the development creating a new fork of Tox core called "c-toxcore" around the end of September 2016.

Currently c-toxcore is being developed by a collective known as the TokTok Project. They describe their mission as "to promote universal freedom of expression and to preserve unrestricted information exchange". Their current goals are to continue slow iterative development of the existing core implementation, along with in-parallel development of a new reference implementation in Rust.

Initially, the Rust implementation of the protocol library was split in two halves, one handling most of the grunt work of communication with the network, and another one responsible specifically for bootstrap node operation. In December 2022 those were merged, with developers stating that code is now mature enough to support basic communication and bootstrap node operations using TCP connections. As of June 2023 the development is still ongoing, but no client implementations using Rust core library is available yet.

Security audit and related concerns
Although the original core library implementation and its forks have been available for the general public for almost a decade, none of them have been reviewed by a competent third-party security researcher.

Back in 2017, WireGuard's author Jason A. Donenfeld opened an issue on the project's GitHub page where he stated that c-toxcore is vulnerable to key compromise impersonation (KCI) attacks.

He has attributed his find to the fact that Tox is relying on a "homebrew crypto" developed by "non-experts" to facilitate handshakes. He also criticized some other design choices used by Tox developers as well, like using raw ECDH values as encryption keys.

This report has caused developers to put an additional disclaimer on the project's GitHub page, stating that Tox is an experimental cryptographic network library that has not been formally audited by an independent third party that specializes in cryptography or cryptanalysis, with a separate disclaimer that users may use it on their own risk.

In March 2023, a post on the project's blog stated that one of the community members is working to redesign the cryptographic mechanism used by Tox to perform handshakes using the AKE mechanisms used in Noise Protocol Framework. This post also contains a detailed explanation of the original vulnerability.

Tox Foundation controversy
During the first two years of its life, the project's business and monetary side was handled by Tox Foundation, a California-registered corporation. On July 6, 2015 an issue was open on the project's GitHub, where a third party stated that Tox Foundation's sole board member, Sean Qureshi, used an amount of money in thousands of US dollars to pay for their college tuition, with those funds coming from Tox Foundation's participation in Google Summer of Code.  When asked for additional clarification, irungentoo on behalf of the project's team confirmed the allegations. On July 11, 2015 the project's infrastructure and repositories were moved to a new locations, due to the fact that Qureshi controlled the original project's domains and servers. In the project's blog the development team has announced their "disassociation" with Tox Foundation and Qureshi in particular, and further addressed the issue. This situation caused many prominent contributors to cease Tox-related activity.

Features

Encryption of traffic
Users are assigned a public and private key, and they connect to each other directly in a fully distributed, peer-to-peer network. Users have the ability to message friends, join chat rooms with friends or strangers, voice/video chat, and send each other files. All traffic over Tox is end-to-end encrypted using the NaCl library, which provides authenticated encryption and perfect forward secrecy.

Additional messaging features
Tox clients aim to provide support for various secure and anonymised communication features; while every client supports messaging, additional features like group messaging, voice and video calling, voice and video conferencing, typing indicators, message read-receipts, file sharing, profile encryption, and desktop streaming are supported to various degrees by mobile and desktop clients. Additional features can be implemented by any client as long as they are supported by the core protocol. Features that are not related to the core networking system are left up to the client. Client developers are strongly encouraged to adhere to the Tox Client Standard in order to maintain cross-client compatibility and uphold best security practices.

Usability as an instant messenger
Though several apps that use the Tox protocol seem similar in function to regular instant messaging apps, the lack of central servers similar to XMPP or Matrix currently has the consequence that both parties of the chat need to be online for the message to be sent and received. The Tox enabled messengers deal with this in separate ways, some prevent the user from sending the message if the other party has disconnected while others show the message as being sent when in reality it is stored in the sender's phone waiting to be delivered when the receiving party reconnects to the network.

Architecture

Core

The Tox core is a library establishing the protocol and API. User front-ends, or clients, are built on the top of the core. Anyone can create a client utilizing the core.

Technical documents describing the design of the Core, written by the original Tox core library developer irungentoo, are available publicly.

Protocol

The core of Tox is an implementation of the Tox protocol, an example of the application layer of the OSI model and arguably the presentation layer. While there's at least one known implementation of the Tox protocol provided by third-party developers, it never lived past the prototype stage.

Tox uses the Opus audio format for audio streaming and the VP8 video compression format for video streaming.

Encryption

Tox uses the cryptographic primitives present in the NaCl crypto library, via libsodium. Specifically, Tox employs Curve25519 for its key exchanges, XSalsa20 for symmetric encryption, and Poly1305 for MACs.

Because the tox protocol can be used by many different applications, and because the tox network broadcasts the used client, it is also possible for clients to use additional encryption when sending to clients which support the same features.

Clients
A client is a program that uses the Tox core library to communicate with other users of the Tox protocol. Various clients are available for a wide range of systems.

As of June 2023, according to the sources used to populate the table below, there was only one actively maintained desktop client in existence, authored by a presumably Russian developer.

According to their Stack Overflow and Gitlab accounts, they were at some point an employee of a Russian company which supplied CCTV hardware and traffic cameras to various police departments around the Russia.

Most of previously popular clients like µTox and qTox, in turn, saw a decline in development pace, and has since been abandoned or deprecated.

The following list is showcasing most known clients to support Tox, but may be incomplete.

Reception

Tox received some significant publicity in its early conceptual stage, catching the attention of global online tech news sites. On August 15, 2013, Tox was number five on GitHub's top trending list.
Concerns about metadata leaks were raised, and developers responded by implementing Onion routing for the friend-finding process. Tox was accepted into the Google Summer of Code as a Mentoring Organization in 2014 and 2015.

See also

 Comparison of instant messaging clients
 Comparison of instant messaging protocols
 Comparison of VoIP software
List of free and open-source software packages

References

External links

2013 software
Android (operating system) software
Communication software
Cross-platform software
Distributed computing
Free communication software
Free instant messaging clients
Free software programmed in C
Instant messaging clients
Instant messaging clients for Linux
Instant messaging clients that use GTK
IOS software
MacOS instant messaging clients
Onion routing
Peer-to-peer
Secure communication
Videotelephony
VoIP protocols
VoIP software
Windows instant messaging clients


title: Albanella (grape)

text:
Albanella is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Marche region where it is a primary component in the white Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) wines of Colli Pesaresi. The grape is often confused with the similarly named Sicilian wine grape Albanello and was long thought to be identical to the Tuscan wine grape Trebbiano but has established through DNA analysis to be its own distinct variety.

History and relationship to other grapes

While long thought to be a clone of Trebbiano, Albanella has also been confused with the southern Italian grape Greco bianco and the Sicilian grape Albanello. In recent years, DNA testing has determined that Albanella is its own distinct variety with possible close genetic relationship to the Sardinian wine grape Albaranzeuli bianco and the German wine grape Elbling.

Wine regions

While once widely planted throughout the Marche, today Albanella is almost exclusively grown in the province of Pesaro where it is the main component in the white wines of the Colli Pesaresi DOC. Here the grape can be blended with Trebbiano, Verdicchio, Biancame, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling Italico, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc and Pinot blanc.

Wine styles
According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, Albanella tends to produce dry white wines that have notable aging potential.

Synonyms
According to the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), there are no officially recognized synonyms of Albanella.

References

White wine grape varieties


title: Vadim Rață

text:
Vadim Rață (born 5 May 1993) is a Moldovan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga I club Voluntari and Moldova national team, which he captains.

Club career

FCSB
On 12 August 2022, Rață joined Romanian Liga I club FCSB.

Return to Voluntari
On 6 September 2022, just after 3 games played for FCSB, Rață returned to Voluntari, agreeing to a three-year deal.

International career
Rață made his debut for the Moldova national team on 14 February 2015, being replaced by Alexandru Onică at half time in a 1–2 friendly loss to Romania B in Aksu, Kazakhstan.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Moldova's goal tally first.

Honours
Sheriff Tiraspol
Divizia Națională: 2011–12, 2012–13

Zaria Bălți
Moldovan Cup runner-up: 2016–17
Moldovan Super Cup runner-up: 2016

Milsami Orhei
Moldovan Cup: 2017–18

Chindia Târgoviște
Liga II: 2018–19

Voluntari
Cupa României runner-up: 2021–22

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Chișinău
Moldovan people of Romanian descent
Moldovan men's footballers
Moldova men's youth international footballers
Moldova men's under-21 international footballers
Moldova men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Moldovan Super Liga players
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
FC Tiraspol players
CSF Bălți players
Speranța Nisporeni players
FC Milsami Orhei players
Liga I players
Liga II players
AFC Chindia Târgoviște players
FC Voluntari players
FC Steaua București players
Moldovan expatriate men's footballers
Moldovan expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania


title: VA-128 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-128 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy, nicknamed the Golden Intruders. It was established on 1 September 1967, and disestablished in September 1995.

Operational history
September 1967: The squadron was assigned the mission of training combat ready flight crews and replacement maintenance personnel for the A-6 Intruder.
October 1968: Two U.S. Air Force exchange officers reported aboard for training in the A-6A.
June 1973: A Naval Officer from the Federal Republic of Germany reported aboard for training in the A-6.
March–May 1980: The squadron’s TC-4C, Target Recognition Attack Multisensor (TRAM) equipped aircraft, was used to monitor the hot spots on Mount St. Helens in Washington state prior to a major eruption on 18 May. The squadron’s work with U.S. Geological Survey authorities provided the forewarning necessary to save hundreds of lives since the mountain was a popular place for campers, boaters and mountain climbers.
October 1986: The squadron assumed the additional duty of training all U.S. Marine Corps personnel on the A-6 following the disestablishment of VMAT(AW)-202.
1990: The squadron received the first composite wing A-6E on the West Coast.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
NAS Whidbey Island – 01 Sep 1967

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 A-6A Intruder – 01 Sep 1967
 TC-4C Academe – 15 Mar 1968
 A-6E Intruder – 16 Dec 1973

See also
 List of squadrons in the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons
 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

External links

 The Intruder Association VA-128 website

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Julia (comics)

text:
Julia-le avventure di una criminologa (Italian: Julia, adventures of a criminologist), known simply as Julia, is an Italian comic book series created by Giancarlo Berardi and edited by Sergio Bonelli Editore.

The protagonist, Julia Kendall, is a criminologist, and the stories are usually in the crime fiction genre.

Creation

The comic series was created in 1998 by Berardi (already author of Ken Parker) and it was born of Sergio Bonelli Editore's wish for a purely detective series, as well as by request of Ken Parker's fans, after its end, for a new comic.

Berardi has attended criminology classes at Genoa's Istituto di Medicina Legale (Institute of Legal Medicine) to better prepare the new series. He also read various texts about psychology, sociology, psychiatry, criminology, ballistics, crime news articles, as well as crime novels, films and documentaries.

Julia Kendall's character is physically inspired by Audrey Hepburn, one of Berardi's favorite actresses. Choosing a female protagonist -an ordinary, easily relatable woman- had the series have a large following of woman readers, unusual for a crime fiction comic.

Issues of Julia have 128 pages instead of the usual 96 pages of Sergio Bonelli's comic series. Berardi has justified it saying that a bigger number of pages is better to develop the characters and manage the narrative's pace.

The first album in the series, titled Gli occhi del abisso (The Eyes of the Abyss) was published in October 1998. On January 3, 2007, Julia reached the 100th issue with a fully colored album.)

Plot

The series tell the stories of Julia Kendall, a young criminologist from the fictional Garden City in New Jersey. She works as a professor at Hollyhock University and as a freelance consultant to the local police, helping them to solve crimes.

The cases Julia deals with put her in extremely dangerous situations, as her skills in psychology and her relations with Garden City Police Department lead her on the trail of vicious serial killers (above all the ruthless Myrna Harrod, a recurring character in the series) and unscrupulous criminals. Other cases involve her in classic whodunnit scenarios.

Alongside her in their investigations are the surly lieutenant Alan Webb and the friendly sergeant "Big" Ben Irving, as well as his friend and private investigator Leo Baxter.

Characteristic of the series is the extensive use of Julia's diary, where the protagonist writes her thoughts and impressions about the cases, working as a first-person narration. In some albums, the storytelling is done by other characters in the series (like Myrna Harrod or sergeant Irving).

References

External links
 Official site (in Italian and English)

Italian comics titles
Crime comics
Comics adapted into video games


title: Alan Hahn

text:
Alan William Hahn (born June 19, 1971) is a sports talk radio host on ESPN Radio and a studio analyst on the MSG Network.

Early life and education

Hahn earned a basketball scholarship at LIU Post under NCAA Division II coach Tom Galeazzi. At LIU Post, Hahn wrote for the school newspaper The Pioneer, where he met current Newsday sportswriter Tom Rock.  Hahn earned a Bachelor of Science degree in journalism at LIU Post.

Sportswriting career

Hahn started his journalism career at Newsday in 1995 as a part-time sports department clerk. He went from answering phones to covering high school games over the next year. In 1999, Hahn was promoted to full-time and was assigned to the New York Islanders beat. He earned the paper's prestigious "Publisher's Award" in 2000 for Sports Writing. He covered the Islanders until 2006, when he was moved to the New York Knicks beat. He developed a following for his coverage of the Knicks and for his blog, The Knicks Fix.

In 15 years at Newsday, Hahn covered every professional team in the Metropolitan New York area, including two Stanley Cup runs by the New Jersey Devils hockey team and two seasons as the backup writer for the New York Jets football team.

Broadcasting career

Hahn appeared as a regular guest on Knicks Night Live on the MSG Network in the summer of 2010 and was used as an occasional analyst on Knicks game broadcasts on MSG Network during the 2010-11 season. Following the 2011 NBA lockout, Hahn left Newsday and was hired by MSG Network to serve as studio analyst on all Knicks home and away games, where he works with fellow Long Islander, and former NBA All-Star, Wally Szczerbiak.

In 2012, Hahn was named host of The Mike Woodson Show, which airs weekly during the season on the MSG Network. Hahn also hosts a pregame segment, The Knicks Fix, which appears before every home game broadcast.

Also that year, Hahn started appearing as a regular fill-in host on ESPN Radio in New York. In 2014, he teamed up with former New York Islanders goalie Rick DiPietro to form the "Hahn & Humpty Show", which began weeknights. The popular show was quickly moved up into a mid-day time slot and added former Super Bowl champion Chris Canty to form "Hahn, Humpty & Canty." The show was simulcast on MSG Network in the summer of 2016 and 2017. In August 2017, Hahn left the show to host his own daily show, "The Alan Hahn Show" which aired evenings on ESPN.

In January 2020, Hahn moved back to the mid-day schedule to team up with former NFL linebacker Bart Scott for the "Bart & Hahn Show" which airs weekdays from 12-3 p.m. on ESPN Radio. The show was moved to ESPN Radio's national format on Jan. 5, 2021. Hahn frequently fills in as host of "Keyshawn, JWill, and Max".

Other sports media

Hahn has written five sports books over his career, including 100 Things Knicks Fans Must Know and Do Before They Die (Triumph, 2012), The New York Knicks: An Illustrated History (MVP Books, 2012), Bruin Redemption: The Stanley Cup Returns to Boston (F&W Media, 2011), Birth of a Dynasty: The 1980 New York Islanders (Sports Publishing LLC, 2004) and Fish Sticks: The Fall and Rise of the New York Islanders (Sports Publishing LLC, 2003), which he co-wrote with Peter Botte of the New York Daily News.

Hahn appeared in the documentary, Big Shot, which was directed and narrated by Kevin Connolly and was part of the ESPN Films 30-for-30 series in 2013.

Awards

In 2000, after his first year as a full-time staff writer, Hahn received Newsday's Publisher's Award for Sports Writing.

In 2013, Hahn received his first Emmy Award for his role in "Friday Night Knicks" on MSG Networks,  which won the Live Sports Event: Series category for the 2011-12 season. He has since been part of four Emmy Award-winning broadcasts with MSG.

In 2017, the Hahn & Humpty Show won "Outstanding On-Air Broadcasting Team" award by the New York State Broadcasters Association. .

References

1971 births
Living people
American talk radio hosts
American sports announcers
ESPN people
MSG Network people
LIU Post alumni
Sportspeople from Smithtown, New York


title: Helen M. Knowlton

text:
Helen Mary Knowlton (August 16, 1832May 5, 1918) was an American artist, art instructor and author. She taught in Boston from 1871 until the mid-1910s, when she was in her 70s. Her instructor and later employer, William Morris Hunt, was the subject of a portrait she made and several books; she is considered his principal biographer.

Early life
Helen Mary Knowlton was born on August 16, 1832, in Littleton, Massachusetts, the second of nine children born to J.S.C and Anna W. Knowlton.

She was raised in Worcester, Massachusetts and attended private and public schools. Beginning in 1834, her father owned and ran the Worcester Palladium. He died in 1871 and after that the three Knowlton sisters ran the paper for a number of years.

For four years, beginning in 1865, she gave guitar lessons.

Education

She studied under the supervision of artist and teacher William Morris Hunt, who had an "experimental approach" towards art, starting in 1868. Hunt began classes for women after she let him know of 40 women interested in studying art.

In the 1880s she studied  under Frank Duveneck in Munich, Germany.

In the summer of 1881 Knowlton was Duveneck's student in Gloucester, Massachusetts, where he held art classes "between trips to Europe." She wrote later of the time, having said "East Gloucester was never so full of artists, and was getting to be called the Brittany of America." In 1881 and 1882, Knowlton traveled through Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands with Ellen Day Hale, who was her student in 1874; also along for part of the journey was Hale's distant cousin, the painter Margaret Lesley Bush-Brown.

Art career

In Boston, Knowlton was a painter, educator, author, and art critic for the Boston Post and another paper in Boston. She was a painter, art critic, and teacher into her 70s, about mid-1910s.

Artist
Knowlton established a studio in Boston in 1867. She made oil paintings of portraits and landscapes and charcoal sketches. Her work was exhibited in London, New York at the National Academy of Design, Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and in Boston between 1873 and 1897 at the Boston Art Club.

In 1878 a fire destroyed many of her paintings. She focused on landscapes initially and in 1880 began making portraits. Her first portrait, made of William Morris Hunt, was exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. It was acquired by the Worcester Art Museum in 1896, which opened in 1898. It was the museum's first collection addition.

Her works are in the Worcester Art Museum and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in Massachusetts and the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah, Georgia.

Educator and author
Knowlton, who had been William Morris Hunt's student, took over the drawing and painting class for Hunt in 1871, which she taught for four years. Starting in the summer of 1877 a studio in Magnolia was used for the class. One of her students was painter Ellen Day Hale; another was portraitist Marie Danforth Page.

Upon Hunt's death, Knowlton was a contributor a fund for a dedicated room of his works in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. She also helped to coordinate a retrospective of his work in Boston at the Museum of Fine Arts and was his "principal biographer."

She taught until about the mid-1910s, when she was in her 70s.

Later years and death
In 1910 her sisters Francis, a drawing and painting teacher, and Lucy, a music teacher, lived with her on Pickering Street in Needham, Massachusetts. She died at 85 years of age on May 5, 1918, in Needham, Massachusetts. She is buried in Worcester at the Rural Cemetery.

Legacy
The Smithsonian American Art Museum and National Portrait Gallery Library at the Smithsonian Institution has a collection of her papers. Her works were exhibited in 2001 in the "A Studio of Her Own: Women Artists in Boston 1870–1940" show at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.

Works

Books and articles
Author
 Art Life of William Morris Hunt. Boston: Little, Brown. 1899.
 Hints for Pupils in Drawing and Painting, illustrated by William Morris Hunt. 1880.
 "William Morris Hunt." New England Magazine. 10, August 1894. pp. 685–705.

Compiled
 Hunts Talks on Art, Second Series. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1883

Paintings
 Antonio, pastel on sandpaper, date between 1850 and 1865, Worcester Art Museum
 Apple Blossoms
 Cacti
 Haystacks, oil on canvas, , Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 Landscape, after W.M. Hunt
 Ox Cart and Driver, oil, was owned by Worcester Art Museum in 1922.
 Portrait of William Morris Hunt, oil, 1880, Worcester Art Museum, Massachusetts
 Study of a Head, oil. Date unknown (1845–1918). Worcester Art Museum
 Sunset, York River
 The Virgin, Jesus, Saint Agnes and St. John,  after Titian (1477–1576). Date unknown (1848-1918). Worcester Art Museum

References

Further reading
 Erica E. Hirschler, A Studio of Her Own: Women Artists in Boston 1870-1940. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts Publications, 2001.
 History of the Oread Collegiate Institute, Worcester, MA 1849–1881. Martha Burt Wright, editor. New Haven, Connecticut, 1905. From the collection of Worcester Historical Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts.
 Martha J. Hoppin, "Women Artists in Boston, 1870-1900: The Pupils of William Morris Hunt," The American Art Journal. 13, no. 1. Winter, 1981. pp. 17–46.
 The Immortal Eight and Its Influence.

1832 births
1918 deaths
19th-century American painters
American women painters
Painters from Boston
Burials at Rural Cemetery (Worcester, Massachusetts)
People from Littleton, Massachusetts
People from Needham, Massachusetts
19th-century American women artists
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
The Boston Post people


title: Swimming at the 1966 Asian Games

text:
Swimming was contested at the 1966 Asian Games in Visutdrarom Swimming Pool, Bangkok, Thailand from December 13 to December 17, 1966.

Medalists

Men

Women

Medal table

References
 Sports 123: Asian Games

External links
 Fourth Asian Games Bangkok 1966

1966 Asian Games events
1966
Asian Games
1966 Asian Games


title: Miguel Garcia (politician)

text:
Miguel P. Garcia (born January 19, 1951 in New Mexico) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the New Mexico House of Representatives representing District 14 since January 1997.

Education
Garcia earned his BA from Eastern New Mexico University and his MA from the University of New Mexico.

Elections
1996 Garcia challenged District 14 incumbent Democratic Representative Ray Sanchez in the four-way June 4, 1996 Democratic Primary, winning with 940 votes (44.8%) and was unopposed for the November 5, 1996 General election.
1998 Garcia was challenged in the June 2, 1998 Democratic Primary but won, and was unopposed for the November 3, 1998 General election, winning with 3,802 votes.
2000 Garcia was unopposed for the 2000 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,712 votes and won the November 7, 2000 General election with 4,491 votes (78.2%) against Republican nominee Gwen Poe.
2002 Garcia was challenged in the three-way 2002 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,389 votes (61.3%) and won the November 5, 2002 General election with 3,819 votes (75.5%) against Republican nominee Jerry Sanchez.
2004 Garcia was unopposed for the June 1, 2004 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,912 votes and won the November 2, 2004 General election with 5,357 votes (72.6%) against Republican nominee Clara Pena, who had lost the Republican Primary in 2002.
2006 Garcia and returning 2004 Republican challenger Pena were both unopposed for their June 6, 2006 primaries, setting up a rematch; Garica won the November 7, 2006 General election with 4,631 votes (77.1%) against Pena.
2008 Garcia was challenged in the June 8, 2008 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,943 votes (75.4%); Pena was unopposed for hers, setting up their third contest; Garcia won the November 4, 2008 General election with 6,713 votes (77.6%) against Pena.
2010 Garcia was challenged in the June 1, 2010 Democratic Primary, winning with 1,201 votes (69.4%); Pena was unopposed for hers, setting up their fourth contest; Garcia won the November 2, 2010 General election with 4,187 votes (70.6%) against Pena.
2012 Garcia and his perennial Republican challenger Clara Pena were both unopposed for their June 5, 2012 primaries, setting up their fifth direct contest; Garcia won the November 6, 2012 General election with 5,743 votes (73.2%) against Pena.
 2022 Republican candidate Solomon Peña challenged Garcia and lost 2,033 (26%) to 5,679 (74%) votes.

References

External links
Official page at the New Mexico Legislature

Miguel Garcia at Ballotpedia
Miguel P. Garcia at the National Institute on Money in State Politics

1951 births
Living people
Eastern New Mexico University alumni
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in New Mexico
Hispanic and Latino American teachers
Democratic Party members of the New Mexico House of Representatives
Politicians from Albuquerque, New Mexico
University of New Mexico alumni
21st-century American politicians


title: The Priory Witham Academy

text:
The Priory Witham Academy is a mixed all-through school and sixth form located in Lincoln in the English county of Lincolnshire. The school educates pupils aged 3 to 18.

History

Secondary modern school
Building of the new secondary modern school was to be finished by August 1957. It opened in September 1957 as Boultham Moor Secondary Modern Girls School. It was officially opened on Monday April 28, 1958, with the Bishop of Lincoln, Kenneth Riches. There were twelve classrooms, four laboratories, two domestic science rooms, and rooms for needlework, art and general crafts. There were 480 places, to be extended to 600. It was built by Messrs FR Eccleshare Ltd.

The Foreign Secretary, Rab Butler, spoke at the school on Thursday 16 July 1964.

By 1974 it was planned to become the Boultham Moor Secondary School, a coeducational, for ages 12–18, with around 1000 children. In May 1972 it was to be called Ancaster High School from September 1972. There were 650 girls in 1972.

Comprehensive
It became the co-educational comprehensive Ancaster High School in 1974, with around 1000 on the roll. As Ancaster High School, it received some of the lowest GCSE results in England; other Lincolnshire secondary schools that had similar low GCSE results (resulting in the schools being merged) were the Tennyson High School, Mablethorpe (became part of the Louth Academy, with the Mablethorpe site closing in 2016) and the Skegness Earl of Scarbrough High School, which became St Clements College, then in 2010 became Skegness Academy. These three schools regularly had the lowest GCSE results in the county.

Academy
The school was formed in September 2008 from the merger of Moorlands Infant School, Usher Junior School and Ancaster High School.  As an academy the school is part of The Priory Federation of Academies Trust.

Curriculum
The Priory Witham Academy offers GCSEs,  BTECs, OCR Nationals and City and Guilds courses as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A Levels and further BTEC and City and Guilds courses.

References

External links
 The Priory Witham Academy official website

Primary schools in Lincolnshire
Secondary schools in Lincolnshire
Buildings and structures in Lincoln, England
Academies in Lincolnshire


title: Łukasz Słonina

text:
Łukasz Słonina (born 5 June 1989) is a Polish biathlete. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2013 in Nove Mesto na Morave, in sprint and relay. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the individual contest.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Polish male biathletes
Olympic biathletes for Poland
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Wałbrzych


title: Tlamemeh

text:
Tlamemeh is a word that comes from the Nahuatl tlamama, meaning load. In Honduras and Mexico it means Indian laborer. The porters carried loads on their backs (which could be people, taxes, or items for trade).

In colonial times the tradition implied the servitude of the Indians, who in most cases became vassals of the Spanish  which became widespread. Today, in Mexican Spanish, the word tameme is usually a derogatory connotation of "subordinate" that denotes the discrimination from the Indian that was consolidated in the new Colony of Spain.

History

In pre-Hispanic Mexico, and generally throughout Mesoamerica, there was not any animal capable of being used in the loading and transport of goods and so manpower had to be used, this is how the "tameme" emerged. From the arrival of the Spanish in the area (first expeditions starting in 1493), they began to replace porters with animals such as horses carrying the conquerors, but were not specifically brought to be used for burden but for combat, so the porters were still widely used.

Job characteristics

Miguel León-Portilla, described tlamemes as "porters trained from childhood", from the class of commoners macehualtin, devoted exclusively to freight in the Aztec culture." They began to exercise since childhood, carrying on average 23 kilos and did a daily commute of 21 to 25 kilometers before being relieved .

With the Spanish conquest in 1521 the first domestic species of cargo animals arrived, but they continued to use tlamemes because of a lack of roads. They were considered of lower status in the social scale, only slightly higher than the simple soldiers of the Aztec military. Porters that were located on the outside of the markets or swap meets, provided services transporting purchases, but the most important were the porters who served in the expeditions of the merchants.

Before leaving in each convoy, merchants carefully calculated the number of porters that would accompany them, taking into account the duration of the trip, the number of casualties possible in the course, etc. . They carried all the goods that the merchants would sell on the trip, which often lasted for months. When the expedition reached a resting place, they were granted special attention to the through the night, so they could recover from their strenuous efforts, recognizing the value of their work. When they returned to base, the expedition porters were engaged in periods of rest, not acting in the tianguis(stores)q, or mingling with the other porters.

In remote areas or for economic reasons, this profession continues even today.

Applications and tools

The porters used a "backstrap" in their work, which was a wide, thick leather strap with a mecate(cord) at each end  that served to hold and keep the load stable to the back of the tlameme. In some, mecapales (textiles) and wood structures were used.

Sources

Sherman, William. Trabajo Forzado nativo en Siglo XVI América Central, University of Nebraska Press, Nebraska, 1979;
Newson, Linda. La supervivencia de la India en Colonial Nicaragua, University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma, 1987;
Barrantes, Ramiro. Evolución en el trópico. Los Amerindios de Costa Rica y Panamá, Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 1993. Libro en línea: [1]
Denevan, William, la población indígena de las Américas en 1492, la población indígena de las Américas en 1492, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1992 (Edición Segunda).

Unfree labour
Nahuatl words and phrases


title: Aleksander Kowalski

text:
Aleksander Kowalski or Kowalsky may refer to:

 Aleksander Kowalski (ice hockey) (1902-1940), Polish ice hockey player
 Aleksander Kowalski (skier), Polish Nordic combined skier
 Aleksander Kowalski (politician) (1908–1951), Polish trade union activist
 Aleksander Kowalsky (born 1943), Croatian-Austrian classical music conductor
 Alexander Kowalski (musician) (born 1978), German DJ, electronic music artist


title: Ithomeis

text:
Ithomeis is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present only in the Neotropical realm.

Species
Ithomeis aurantiaca Bates, 1862 present in Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru
Ithomeis eulema Hewitson, 1870 present in Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela and Colombia

Biology
Both species are mimics. The pattern of black, orange, and large translucent areas found in Ithomeis is shared by toxic genera from the Ithomiinae (examples are Ithomia and Oleria) and a number of toxic Arctiidae. The pattern is also shared with several other Riodinidae genera (examples are Stalachtis, Ithomiola, and Brachyglenis), which may be part of mimicry rings.

I. aurantiaca has several subspecies; some are very different in appearance and were formerly regarded as full species.  I. a. satellites and  I. a. astrea closely resemble species of Heliconius. Other subspecies include  I. a. mimica and I a. stalachtina, which have extensive orange markings and much reduced hyaline areas, and these mimic toxic ithomiines in the genera Pseudoscada, Hyposcada, and Hypoleria. The different subspecies mimic models that share their distribution.

The habitat is tropical forest including cloud forest at 800–1500 m.
The eggs are pink, and laid in clusters of 40 to 50 on the upper side of leaves. The larval food plant is Heisteria.

References
Ithomeis at Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera
Mimicry of glasswings
TOL

External links

Riodininae
Riodinidae of South America
Butterfly genera
Taxa named by Henry Walter Bates


title: Silva (film)

text:
Silva () is a 1944 Soviet musical film directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky and starring Zoya Smirnova-Nemirovich and Sergei Martinson. It was part of a cycle of operetta films made in European cinema during the era.

Cast
 Zoya Smirnova-Nemirovich as Silva Varescu
 Niyaz Dautov as Edvin
 Margarita Sakalis as Stassi
 Sergey Martinson as Boni
 Sergey Dybcho as Leopold Volyapyuk
 Nina Dintan as Julianna Volyapyuk
 Georgiy Kugushev as Ferry
 Vladimir Taskin as Rons Volyapyuk
 Aleksandra Korvet as the maid
 Aleksandr Matkovsky as assistant director
 Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova as  Princess Weglersheim

Production
The film is an adaptation of the 1915 operetta Die Csárdásfürstin (also known as Silva after its title character) composed by Emmerich Kalman with a libretto by Leo Stein and Bela Jenbach. The first staging of the operetta took place in Russia in 1916 in St. Petersburg during the war with Germany, but patriotism required to change the title of operetta from Queen of Czardas to the neutral Silva in Russia. The Soviet movie Silva was made at the Sverdlovsk Film Studios in Yekaterinburg.

Popularity
The film proved a major success with Soviet audiences, who during the later stages of the Second World War sought escapist entertainment and largely rejected films with war themes. The money it earned per copy of the film issued exceeded even that of the most popular films of the year Guilty Without Fault.

References

Bibliography
 Egorova, Tatiana K. Soviet Film Music: An Historical Survey. Psychology Press, 1997.
 Spring, Derek / Taylor, Richard. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. Routledge, 2013.

External links

1944 films
Soviet black-and-white films
1944 musical films
Operetta films
Films based on operettas
1940s Russian-language films
Films directed by Aleksandr Ivanovsky
Films set in Vienna
Films set in Hungary
Films set in the 1910s
Soviet musical films


title: Mongolian Canadians

text:
Mongolian Canadians are Canadian citizens who are descended from migrants from Mongolia. According to the 2021 Census by Statistics Canada, there were 9,090 Canadians who claimed full or partial Mongolian ancestry.

Canada Mongolia Chamber of Commerce, established by Mongolian Canadians, helps to connect business and people between the two countries.

See also
Canada–Mongolia relations
Asian Canadians
East Asian Canadians

References

Asian Canadian

Canada
East Asian Canadian


title: Jerrold D. Green

text:
Jerrold D. Green is the president and chief executive officer of the Pacific Council on International Policy in Los Angeles, California. He is concurrently a research professor at the University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.

Previously, he has served as partner and executive vice president for International Operations at Best Associates in Dallas, Texas. He also occupied a number of senior management positions at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California, where he was awarded the RAND Medal for Excellence. Among these positions, he served as corporate research manager, director of international programs and development, and director of the Center for Middle East Public Policy. He has also served as a professor of political science at the University of Michigan and the University of Arizona.

His work on Middle East policy and politics has appeared in such publications as Comparative Politics, The Harvard Journal of World Affairs, The Huffington Post, the Iranian Journal of International Affairs, Politique Étrangère, the RAND Review, Survival, World Politics, and many others.

Early life

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he graduated with a B.A. with Distinction in politics (summa cum laude) from University of Massachusetts at Boston. He has both a M.A. and Ph.D. in political science from the University of Chicago, where he specialized in Middle East politics. Green conducted research in Iran during the period of the Iranian Revolution as a fellow at the Tehran-based Iran Communications and Development Institute.

Green was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to Cairo University in 1982. Green started his academic career as a professor in the Department of Political Science and Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies at the University of Michigan. He then became a professor of political science and sociology at the University of Arizona, where he served as director for The Center for Middle Eastern Studies. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, has served on numerous study groups focusing on international policy, as well as track II initiatives with Iran and Libya. He has spoken at conferences and other gatherings around the world.

Career
In 1996, Green became the director at the Center for Middle East Public Policy at the RAND Corporation, and then director of international programs and development at RAND. During that time, Green authored numerous pieces on issues including NATO policy in the Mediterranean, US-Middle East relations, the security policies of Iran,  and democracy and Islam in Afghanistan.

Green also served as partner and executive vice president for international operations at Best Associates, a privately held merchant banking firm with global operations, and executive vice president for academic affairs for the Whitney International University System and the senior advisory board of Academic Partnerships, both based in Dallas, Texas. Green later returned to RAND, where he oversaw an attempt to broaden RAND's Middle East-based policy analysis work.

Green has lectured on six continents and has been a visiting fellow at the Chinese Academy of Social Science's West Asian Studies Center in Beijing, China; a visiting lecturer at the Havana based Center for African and Middle East Studies, a fellow at the Australian Defence College, and delivered papers at conferences sponsored by the Iranian Institute of International Affairs in Tehran, Iran.

Green has lived abroad as a Fulbright Fellow in Egypt, three years in Israel, and conducted field research in Iran. He has visited virtually every other Middle Eastern country.

Since 2008, Green has served as the president and chief executive officer of the Pacific Council on International Policy in Los Angeles.

Advisory roles
Green is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the California Club, the Lincoln Club, U.S. Department of State Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy, the Los Angeles Coalition for the Economy and Jobs Tourism Committee, and the USC Center on Public Diplomacy Advisory Board. Green also serves as an International Medical Corps ambassador. He is currently a reserve deputy sheriff with the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department after serving as a specialist reserve officer with the Los Angeles Police Department, where he advised on issues related to terrorism and intelligence. He received a Meritorious Service Award for his work. Green is also currently a technical advisor to Activision Publishing where he consults on the highly successful Call of Duty video game series.

Green previously served on the board of directors of the California Club, the advisory committee of The Asia Society of Southern California, the advisory board of Whitney International University, the advisory board of Academic Partnerships, the board of managers of Falcon Waterfree Technologies, and the board of the Middle East Institute at Columbia University. Green served as a member of the U.S. Secretary of the Navy Advisory Panel for eight years, and was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award.

Other previous roles

President and CEO of the Pacific Council
In 2008, Green became the president and chief executive officer of the Pacific Council on International Policy, located in Los Angeles, California. The Pacific Council is "committed to building the vast potential of the West Coast for impact on global issues, discourse, and policy" through its events, conferences, delegations and task forces. The Pacific Council focuses on four specific initiatives: Global Water Scarcity Project, Global Los Angeles, Mexico Initiative, and the Guantánamo Bay Observer Program. The Pacific Council has hosted events with featured speakers such as former Secretaries of State Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Condoleezza Rice, former President George W. Bush, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, former CIA Director Leon Panetta, General James Mattis, foreign dignitaries, U.S. ambassadors, members of Congress, and foreign policy experts, among others. Green has led three U.S. Department of Defense-sponsored delegations to Afghanistan and another to Iraq. He has also led Pacific Council fact-finding delegations to Argentina, Chile, China, Cuba, France,  Myanmar, North Korea, Russia, Uzbekistan, and South Sudan. In addition, Green served as a member of a joint task force between the Pacific Council and the Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internationales (COMEXI)  that looked at the U.S.–Mexican border. He has also represented the Pacific Council as an observer at the legal proceedings being conducted at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, by the U.S. Department of Defense. Recommendations made by the Council's Guantánamo Bay task force were included in the FY2018 Defense Bill by Congressman Adam Schiff (D-CA). In March 2019, Green received the 2019 World Trade Week Southern California Stanley T. Olafson Bronze Plaque Award on behalf of the L.A. Area Chamber of Commerce. The award is presented to a member of the community whose dedication and achievements have advanced trade in the Southern California region.

Publications
 Revolution in Iran: The Politics of Countermobilization. Praeger, 1982.
 "Friends of the Devil: U.S.-Iran Ties Beyond a Nuclear Deal", Huffington Post World, 21 October 2014.
 "Obama, Take Note: Wireless Revolution is Coming to Myanmar", Huffington Post World, 24 May 2013.
 "The Ghosts of Abu Ghraib Exorcised?" with William Loomis; Huffington Post,  15 July 2010.
 "La politique américaine et le conflit iraélo-palestinien", Politique Étrangère,  July–September 2002.
 "No Escape", The World Today, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, 2002.
 "A Memo to the President: Structural Problems in the Middle East", Middle East Insight, November 2000.
 "The Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the Middle East", Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 1999.
 "An Atlantic Partnership in the Middle East", with David Gompert and F. Steven Larrabee; RAND Review, Spring 1999.
 "Where Are The Arabs?" Survival, 1998.
 "Gulf Security With the Gulf States?" Harvard Journal of World Affairs: The Journal for International Policy, 1995.
 "Israel's Right is Wrong", Al Ahram Weekly (Cairo), 9 November 1995.
 "Conflict, Consensus, and Gulf Security", The Iranian Journal of International Affairs, Winter 1993.
 "Ideology and Pragmatism in Iranian Foreign Policy", Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Fall 1993.
 "Iran's Foreign Policy: Between Enmity and Conciliation", Current History January 1993.
 "Parallel Cities", The New York Times Book Review, 17 November 1991.
 "U.S. AID's Democratic Pluralism Initiative: Pragmatism or Alturism?" Ethics and International Affairs 1991.
 "The Rationality of Collective Political Action: Germany, Israel, and Peru," – Senior Investigator, Funded by the National Science Foundation – 1987–1991.
 "Are Arab Politics Still Arab?" World Politics, July 1986.
 "Terrorism in the Middle East", U.S.A. Today, 11 November 1985.
 "Countermobilization as a Revolutionary Form", Comparative Politics, January 1984.
 "Qadhafi's Not Always to Blame", Wall Street Journal, 11 May 1984.
 Social Science Research Council/Joint Committee on the Middle East of the American Council of Learned Societies Research Grant (Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation) – 1983–1984

Awards and honors

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
RAND Corporation people
University of Southern California faculty
Arabic-speaking people
University of Massachusetts Boston alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Businesspeople from Boston
University of Arizona faculty


title: Emilie (disambiguation)

text:
Émilie or Emilie is a feminine given name of French origin. It may also refer to:

 Émilie (opera), by Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho
 Les Filles de Caleb, original name of a Québec TV show, broadcast and marketed as Emilie for English audiences as well as Émilie, la passion d'une vie outside of Québec
 Émilie (1793 ship), a French corvette-built privateer based in Île de France (now Mauritius)
 Emilie (steamboat), an American sidewheel steamer which plied the Missouri River in the mid-19th century
 Emilie de Rochefort, a.k.a. Lili, from the Tekken fighting video game series

See also
 Emilie Plantation, a Southern plantation with a historic house in Garyville, Louisiana, on the National Register of Historic Places


title: Jon Kowalyshen

text:
Jon "Sackmaster" Kowalyshen (born April 14, 1985) is a professional American football player who played 6 seasons with the United Indoor Football (UIF), Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL) and the Indoor Football League (IFL).

Career

College
Kowalyshen started his collegiate career playing at William Rainey Harper College under head coach John Eliasik. At Western Illinois University, Jon played under coach Don Patterson and Ronnie Harmon.

College statistics

Pro
Kowalyshen's Professional Indoor Football career spanned the course of 6 seasons with 4 teams and in 3 different leagues.

 Sioux City Bandits (2006)
In Sioux City, Kowalyshen played under head coach Jose Jefferson with the Bandits of the United Indoor Football League for his rookie season. The team finished with a 6-9 record and clinched a playoff berth against the Rock River Raptors. In 16 games with the club, he led the team with 6.5 sacks for -39 yards.  He also posted 9.5 tackles for loss, blocked 6 kicks and was 4th on the team in tackles with 52.5. Other statistics of note include 8 quarterback hits, 2 fumble recoveries, a forced fumble and a pass break-up.

 Chicago Slaughter (2007)

Kowalyshen joined the Chicago Slaughter of the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL) in 2007, playing under head coach Steve "Mongo" McMichael. Kowalyshen led the team with 13 sacks in 12 regular season games, had 47.5 tackles and posted 3 blocked kicks in a single game (10 blocked kicks all season). In two playoff games with the 2007 Slaughter, Kowalyshen scored a defensive touchdown, a safety, blocked 2 kicks, had 7 tackles for loss, forced a fumble and added another sack.

 Rock River Raptors (2009)
Remaining with the CIFL, Kowalyshen was traded to the Rock River Raptors in 2009, playing under head coach Dave Jones.  The highlight of Kowalyshen's year with the Raptors came when he tied the all-time CIFL single-game sack record with 4. His year-end sack total in 2009 was 12, an average of 1 per game. His statistics for 2009 included 62 tackles, 13 tackles for loss, 6 blocked kicks, 3 forced fumbles, a safety and 1 fumble recovery.

 Chicago Slaughter (2010-2012)
Kowalyshen proved to be a staple on defense for the Slaughter (now with the IFL) during the 2010, 2011 and 2012 seasons, contributing to 2 more berths in the playoffs. In 42 games for the Slaughter, Kowalyshen would post 131 tackles, 18 sacks, 16 blocked kicks, 19 tackles for loss, 6 forced fumbles, 1 fumble recovery, 5 pass break-ups, a safety and a defensive touchdown. The Slaughter had a combined record of 31-25 (2-3 playoffs) in his 4 years total with the team.

 Bloomington Extreme
Initially for the 2012 season Kowalyshen had signed with Bloomington Extreme and started 3 games. Kowalyshen was notified of his release by the Extreme but was picked up immediately by the Slaughter once again.

Awards and honors
1997 IHSA All-State Special Mention (Defense)
1998 IHSA All-State First Team (Defense)
1998 The West Suburban Gold Conference Defensive Player of the Year
2000 Appearance in the NJCAA Dixie Rotary Bowl vs Dixie State Rebels
2001 Appearance in the Canon Empire State Bowl ranked 16th nationally vs the 13th ranked Nassau Community College Lions
2002 Gateway All-Newcomer Award Recipient
2002-2003 Gateway All-Conference Award Recipient
2007 CIFL First-Team Defense
2007 CIFL Special Teams Player of the Week Honors (3 Blocked kicks in one game)
2009 CIFL Special Teams Player of the Week (4 sacks in one game)

Career highlights
ESPN's top 10 plays of the week in 2003 nationally televised Kowalyshen's sack technique of the Colgate University quarterback on a 4th down denial. Kowalyshen is also featured as a member of the Western Illinois University team on EA Sports' NCAA Football 2003 video game.

Kowalyshen's high school career sack record of 39, an IHSA all-time record, for West Leyden High School, has stood unbroken since 1999.

References

External links

American football defensive linemen
Sioux City Bandits players
Chicago Slaughter players
Rock River Raptors players
Bloomington Extreme players
Harper Hawks football players
Western Illinois Leathernecks football players
Players of American football from Chicago


title: Past Life Recordings

text:
Past Life Recordings is a limited-edition compilation LP by Glorium and was released on Existential Vacuum Records in 1997. It contains material from the band's first two studio sessions from January 1992 and November 1992, including their first 2 singles. 300 copies were pressed, all silk-screened on white vinyl.

Track listing
 "Chemical Angel"+ – 2:53
 "Groundfloor"+ – 4:18
 "Madonna"+ – 4:29
 "Dive-Bomb"+ – 4:35
 "Believe in Nothing"+ – 3:18
 "Collision"+ – 3:57
 "Hole in Your Art" – 4:15
 "Ashes"++ – 3:28
 "Poisons"++ – 3:15
 "Sound Asleep"++ 2–49
 "Iced The Swelling"++ – 3:34
 "Fearless"++ – 3:04

Personnel
George Lara – bass
Juan Miguel Ramos – drums
Ernest Salaz – guitar, vocals
Lino Max – guitar, vocals
Paul Streckfus – vocals
 Robbie Dennis+ – engineer
 Lisa Rickenberg++ – engineer at Lonestar Studios

References

Glorium albums
1997 albums


title: Rafał Lepel

text:
Rafał Lepel (born 13 February 1990) is a retired Polish biathlete. He competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2012 in Ruhpolding, in 10 km sprint. He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, in the sprint contest.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Polish male biathletes
Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for Poland
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Hippolyte Laroche

text:
Hippolyte Laroche (26 January 1848 - 14 September 1914) was a French naval officer, colonial administrator and politician.
While Resident General of Madagascar he succeeded in abolishing slavery.

Career

Hippolyte Laroche was born on 26 January 1848 in Lyon, France. His father was a colonel of the Engineers.
Laroche attended Naval Academy and became a naval officer.
He was then made prefect of Charente, Algiers, Loire and Haute-Garonne.

Laroche was appointed Resident General in Madagascar, and arrived at Tananarive on 16 January 1896.
Paul Anthelme Bourde was appointed Secretary General of Madagascar in 1895.
Bourde left France for Madagascar in January 1896. He soon fell out with Laroche, who accused him of trying to usurp his position.
In his short term of office, Laroche succeeded in passing a law that abolished slavery.
He had the difficult task of keeping a balance between the French settlers and military and Queen Ranavalona III.
He did not succeed since he had no control over the military, who pursued a scorched earth policy in suppressing an uprising of the local people.
He left on 10 October 1896 when the government ended his mission.

Laroche signed the Adresse à Dreyfus that appeared in L'Aurore in September 1899.
On 19 February 1904 Laroche was an unsuccessful candidate for the Assembly in a by-election for the arrondissement of La Flèche.
In the general elections the next year he ran again and won by a narrow margin.
He ran again in 1910 and was reelected.
He was a member of commissions on Foreign affairs and the colonies, posts and telegraphs and the military.

Laroche died on 14 September 1914 in Le Mans, Sarthe, France.

References
Citations

Sources

1848 births
1914 deaths
French politicians


title: Tweet and Lovely

text:
Tweet and Lovely is a 1959 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on July 18, 1959, and stars Tweety and Sylvester.

Plot
Sylvester hears Tweety singing and looks through the window with his telescope in his apartment building next to Tweety's yard. Tweety sees him, grabs a towel, exclaims "I taw I taw a peeping tom cat!", and shuts the door after saying "That nasty old peeping tom cat!".

Sylvester sees Spike sleeping next to the pole that holds Tweety's birdhouse. He sneaks and climbs the pole. Spike awakens and pulls him down. Sylvester smiles and pushes Spike's straight face into a happy face, but Spike changes his face to furious and chases him back to his apartment.

Sylvester uses a grabber to grab Tweety. Tweety avoids it until Spike climbs up a ladder and uses the grabber to knock Sylvester repeatedly against the wall, while Tweety scolds Sylvester saying, "Bad Old Puddy Tat!".

Sylvester builds a robot dog, but it attacks him, so he destroys it with a baseball bat.

Sylvester makes a smoke bomb and dashes into the smoke-covered yard, bumping into Spike, who then pounds him before sending him out of the yard.

Sylvester uses a pogo stick to approach Tweety's birdhouse, passing Spike and grabs Tweety. As he is about to pogo away, Spike opens a manhole. Sylvester falls in and he nicely makes Tweety escape but, Spike drops the lid with 4 holes on Sylvester's head.

Sylvester makes a storm cloud formula to prevent Spike from coming, but he trips, creating a storm in his room instead.

Sylvester makes himself invisible using vanishing cream, hits Spike with a brick and grabs Tweety. As Sylvester climbs down the pole, Tweety wonders why he is floating. Spike sprays Sylvester with green paint, forces him to give him Tweety and punches the cat out of the yard.

On the night, in a final attempt to get rid of Spike, Sylvester makes a bomb camera. Then, takes it and runs to Spike's yard. But it goes off too quick and explodes. Sylvester appears as a ghost with angel wings, rips up the blueprints saying "Hmph! It's a good thing pussycats have got nine lives". Sylvester leaves the building and presumed heads for heaven.

References

External links

American comedy short films
1959 short films
1959 comedy films
1959 animated films
1950s fantasy comedy films
1950s English-language films
1950s Warner Bros. animated short films
American animated short films
American fantasy comedy films
American slapstick comedy films
Merrie Melodies short films
Sylvester the Cat films
Tweety films
Animated films about dogs
Animated films about revenge
Films set in apartment buildings
Films set in 1959
Short films directed by Friz Freleng
Films scored by Milt Franklyn
Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films


title: James Darling

text:
James Darling may refer to:

James Darling (publisher) (1797–1862), Scottish bookseller, publisher and bibliographer
James Darling (priest) (1868–1938), Archdeacon of Suffolk
James Andrew Darling (1891–1979), Scottish-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada
James Ralph Darling (1899–1995), English-born educator in Australia
James Darling (American football) (born 1974), American football linebacker
James ffolliott Darling, Irish trooper and naturalist.
 James Darling (artist) (fl. 2000s), Australian artist, on the board of Ace Open in Adelaide, South Australia


title: Kees IJmkers

text:
Cornelis Antoon (Kees) IJmkers (3 September 1924 – 13 January 2014) was a Dutch politician, he served at different times as a member of the municipal council of The Hague, Senate of the Netherlands, and States-Provincial of South Holland between 1964 and 1987 for the Communist Party of the Netherlands.

Born in The Hague, IJmkers went to the lower technical school in the same city. At the school he specialized as an instrument maker and he would later find a job as a metal worker. In 1964 he was elected to the municipal council of The Hague for the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN). Two years later he would also be elected to the Dutch Senate, serving as a member for one year, until 1967. In 1968 he was elected to the States-Provincial of South Holland, he served there for two years. In 1969 he had once again been elected to the Dutch Senate. He was the parliamentary group leader of the CPN from that year until 1987. In 1978 his fourteen-year membership of the municipal council of The Hague ended.

IJmkers was made Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

References

External links
  Parlement.com biography

1924 births
2014 deaths
Dutch atheists
Communist Party of the Netherlands politicians
Municipal councillors of The Hague
Members of the Senate (Netherlands)
Members of the Provincial Council of South Holland
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau


title: What to Expect When No One's Expecting

text:
What to Expect When No One's Expecting: America's Coming Demographic Disaster is a book by the Weekly Standard columnist Jonathan V. Last about declining birthrates in the United States and elsewhere around the world and the implications for demographics and the functioning of society and the economy (hardcover release February 2013, paperback release June 2014).

Reception

Media appearances, interviews, and self-promotion
Last wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal summarizing the key themes of his book.

Last was interviewed by Kathryn Jean Lopez for National Review. He also appeared to discuss the book on John Stossel's show on the Fox Business Network and on MSNBC's program The Cycle.

Detailed reviews
Nick Gillespie, editor of Reason Magazine, reviewed the book on Bookforum, saying that he was convinced by Last's argument that birthrates were declining and there was not much that could be done about it, but found Last's account of the negative consequences exaggerated.

David Desrosiers reviewed the book favorably for Washington Times, writing that Last has argued that declining birthrates are largely a consequence of the changes set in motion by the Enlightenment rather than of any specific government policies, though policies by US liberals may have sped up the decline. Stanley Kurtz and Bradford Wilcox wrote separate reviews of the book for National Review.

William McGurn, editor of the New York Post, reviewed the book favorably for the Wall Street Journal, but was critical of Last for having too much confidence in his pessimistic scenarios. McGurn concluded: "In theory, it's all certainly possible. But as Mr. Last reminds us, we do well to be modest about our predictions. Because the one thing the math tells us is this: We've never been here before."

Walter Russell Mead reviewed the book for Foreign Affairs.

Joel E. Cohen reviewed the book for The New York Review of Books.

Mentions
Elizabeth Kolbert discussed the book along with many others in an article for The New Yorker about population. Last wrote a response to Kolbert's review, and Daniel Halper concurred with Last's assessment of the review, claiming that Kolbert "gets it completely wrong."

A New York Times article in April 2013 listed Last's book as one of many that was raising a "false alarm" about declining US fertility.

See also
 The Empty Cradle by Phillip Longman
 What to Expect When You're Expecting by Heidi Murkoff and Sharon Mazel

References

2013 non-fiction books
Natalism
Encounter Books books


title: TVP ABC

text:
TVP ABC is a Polish free-to-air television channel offered by Telewizja Polska. The programming is aimed at children aged 4–12, their parents, and their teachers.

Programs
 Bolek and Lolek
 Kuba and Sruba
 Margo the Mouse
 Reksio

Imported programs
  Postman Pat (Season 3-5)
 Pat and Mat

References

External links

Television channels in Poland
Television channels and stations established in 2013
Children's television networks
TVP television channels


title: Edward Trotter (priest)

text:
Edward Bush Trotter (10 December 1842 – 14 July 1920) was an Anglican Archdeacon in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Trotter was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge and ordained in 1867.  After a curacy at Holy Trinity, Habergham Eaves he was Vicar of Alnwick, Northumberland, Domestic Chaplain  to the Duke of Northumberland; Chaplain to the Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery; and an Honorary Canon at Newcastle Cathedral.

He was Rector of St Stephen's Savanna Grande, Trinidad from 1890 to 1901;  Canon of Holy Trinity Cathedral, Trinidad from  1896 to 1903; and Archdeacon and Vicar general of Trinidad from 1896  to 1903.He was Archdeacon of  Western Downs and a Canon of Brisbane Cathedral, Queensland from 1903 to 1908 when he was placed in charge of the Anglican congregations throughout Venezuela.
He retired to Bournemouth in 1916 and died there four years later.

See also

References

1842 births
1920 deaths
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Trinidad, North and South


title: Eclipse (Glorium album)

text:
Eclipse is the second album by Glorium and was self-released on Golden Hour Records in 1997.

Track listing
 "Deserter" – 4:33
 "Speaking In Tongues" – 5:10
 "Espionage Radio" – 4:14
 "Copilot, Keep Me Awake"+ – 5:38
 "Dragon-Tiger Fight" – 3:40
 "H.C. B-Day Cake For Psychic Newborn Freaks" – 5:09
 "With It" – 2:55
 "Blemish Party" – 3:14
 "Room On The Floor" – 8:06

Personnel
George Lara – bass
Juan Miguel Ramos – drums
Ernest Salaz – guitar, vocals
Lino Max – guitar, vocals
Paul Streckfus – vocals
 + Sarah Carlson – vocals

References

External links

Glorium albums
1997 albums


title: Dora Vasconcellos

text:
Dora Alencar Vasconcellos (1910–1973) was a Brazilian poet-diplomat

She served as the Brazilian ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago from 1970 to her death. Her best-known poem is "Canção do Amor", which was performed by Heitor Villa-Lobos.

References

External links
 ENCICLOPÉDIA Dora Alencar de Vasconcellos, cônsul-adjunta (1952/58) e geral (1958/64) do Brasil em Nova York.

1910 births
1973 deaths
20th-century Brazilian poets
Ambassadors of Brazil to Trinidad and Tobago
Brazilian women poets


title: Stratton Park Moated Enclosure

text:
Stratton Park Moated Enclosure (locally known as and sometimes informally referred to as Stratton Moat, also sometimes referred to as Stratton Park Moated Enclosure and Associated Manorial Earthworks or Stratton Manor Moat) is a scheduled ancient monument formed of a moat ditch circuit, counterscarp bank, central platform and walled garden compound located on the south-east edge of Biggleswade, Bedfordshire in the United Kingdom. Described by a 1982–83 survey of the landscape and wildlife features at Biggleswade as "one of the most exciting areas seen during the survey" and by English Heritage as "a site of regional significance", the moated enclosure consists of a number of earthwork features discovered through topographical analysis. Classified by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England as a Class A: Homestead Moat site, the moated enclosure is not currently open to the general public.

History
The site marks the ancient manor of Stratton. A dig in the 1950s discovered evidence of walls and foundations.

A report on the site by English Heritage concluded that it was probable that the site played an integrated role in a network of settlements: "Although the moated enclosure at Stratton now survives as an isolated structure within the modern landscape of farming, housing and residential development, this is a misleading picture." In particular the site appears not to have been built for defensive purposes, but as a manorial residence, chosen for commanding location: its slight elevation makes it highly visible and overshadows its immediate environment. The evidence found at the site indicates that a manor did once stand there, along with various auxiliary buildings, like barns. In recent years, the site has been damaged by a static mobile home park, with residents of the park making cuttings into the counterscarp bank to provide themselves with parking spaces or small areas of garden.

A date for the construction of Stratton Park Moated Enclosure has not been set (the oldest artefactual material found is a piece of 11–14th century pottery); English Heritage states that the pinnacle of construction for similar sites occurred around 1250 to 1400.

Today

Stratton Park Moated Enclosure is about  above Ordnance Datum and consists of a moat ditch circuit, counterscarp bank, central platform and walled garden compound. Throughout winter the moat has water in it, but dries out quickly in summer; the source of the water is unknown but researchers have hypothesized that it may have been constructed near to or on top of a natural springline, as some maps show several springs and ponds in the immediate vicinity – several watercourses today flow near to (but not into) the moated enclosure. The moat's maximum width of  is found at the north-western apex, and the moat is at its widest and deepest at the northern and eastern arms where it has a general width of . The height of the central platform differs between , with the greatest difference being  at the north-west, west, and south-west, due to the higher scarps. The south-west corner of the moat ditch (to the western side of the causewayed entrance) circuit stands out as being of a disparate character; its much wider base of 7–11m and angular moat terminal were probably brought into being by the building and up-keep of the causewayed entrance and the effects of repeated re-workings of the moat ditch circuit.

The entire moat ditch circuit is, bar the south side, enclosed by an external counterscarp bank, the best definition being found around the western half of the site. With regards to this western counterscarp bank, two elements are distinctly visible:  the first is a  low spread platform  above exterior ground level with subsidiary bank built on it, upon which modest evidence of ridge-and-furrow cultivation was found, whilst the second longer southerly element is  in length, reaches a maximum width of  and a maximum height of . A highly substantial counterscarp bank exists to the north, which is  at its widest; a single elongated segment  above the exterior ground surface and around  above the water level in the moat ditch circuit stands. The mounds and heightenings found along this bank serve as evidence of purposeful re-working, cultivation and enhancement.

Just like the counterscarp, the  trapezoidal central platform narrows from the south and widens from east to west. Only the western side of the central platform lacks a steeply defined edge to the moat ditch circuit; the ill-defined western edge could be caused by stock animals having using this side to access the water. Many marginal earthwork features are present on the central platform: scarps and banks which sub-divide the interior into quadrants, a raised rectangular terrace, a low rectangular mound with rounded corners (probably a building platform), along with more general evidence of buildings and sporadic evidence of hollowed track, the latter possibly pertaining to the moated enclosure's more recent function as an orchard, with the tracks representing the subsequent wear-and-tear the site would have received. An L-shaped mound adjacent to the entrance causeway may also be related to the site's use as an orchard/kitchen garden.

Some fruit trees survive on the central platform, along with subtler indentations which mark the positioning of former fruit trees; these indentations are technically called 'tree throws'.

Notes

 Researchers acknowledged the possibility that this 'evidence' could in fact be "an artefact of later cultivation: ploughing impacting and eroding the form of the bank: the bank may well have been used as a headland within this later field layout."

References

Scheduled monuments in Bedfordshire
Biggleswade
Buildings and structures in Biggleswade