title: Colours (Ayumi Hamasaki album)

text:
Colours is the fifteenth studio album by Japanese recording artist Ayumi Hamasaki. It was released on July 2, 2014, in Japan by Avex Trax, worldwide by Avex Entertainment Inc., and on July 18 in Taiwan by Avex Taiwan. The songs on the album were entirely written by Hamasaki, while production was led by long-time collaborator Max Matsuura; it also included a variety of Western producers such as Armin van Buuren, members from RedOne Productions De Paris and Rush, Darkchild, and Fedde Le Grand, among others. This became Hamasaki's first studio album to have not been fully produced by Matsuura, and her first album to incorporate a large amount of English language. Musically, Colours is an electronic dance music album.

Upon its release, Colours received favorable reviews from music critics. Critics commended the material and how Hamasaki included more producers outside of Matsuura, alongside praising the production. Commercially, it was not as successful as her predecessor records in Japan, reaching number five on the Oricon Albums Chart. It is her lowest charting album in Japan, sold 53,406 units by the end of the year, and featured a similar run in other charts in other Asian territories. Each track from the album was released as a single, with "Feel the Love"/"Merry-Go-Round" and "Terminal" entering the Oricon Singles Chart.

To promote the album, Hamasaki commenced two concert tours in Japan; the first was her annual Countdown Live for 2013 leading onto 2014, and her 2014 Premium Showcase: Feel the Love tour that visited Tokyo, Osaka, and Nayoga city. The concerts were generally a success, and spawned two live video releases. Hamasaki was then part of the 2014 A-Nation concert tour. Hamasaki further promoted the album with several business and endorsement endeavours, including theme songs that were adapted from the album and other musical releases.

Background and recording
In October 2013, Hamasaki announced she had worked on new music when she revealed the release details of her single "Feel the Love"/"Merry-Go-Round", which was her first physical release in three years. Then in May 2014, Japanese music publication Jame World confirmed the involvement of Western musicians and producers RedOne, Rodney Jenkins, who uses the alias Darkchild, and Fedde Le Grand, among others that were unannounced at the time. Titled Colours, the songs on the album were entirely written by Hamasaki, while production was led by long-time collaborator Max Matsuura. It also included a variety of Western producers including RedOne Production's members De Paris and Rush, Darkchild, and Grand, plus Andy Kautz, Armin van Buuren, and Benno de Goeij, and Japanese musicians Daishi Dance, DJ Hello Kitty, and M-Flo. This became Hamasaki's first studio album to have not been fully produced by Matsuura, although he did fully contribute to the tracks "Hello New Me", "Pray", and "Now & 4Eva".

Hamasaki began recording the album in 2013 at the Record Plant studios in Los Angeles, California, where she was living at the time. There, she recorded the tracks "Feel the Love", "XOXO", "Terminal", "Angel", "Merry-Go-Round", and "Lelio". In an interview with Japanese magazine S Cawaii, she stated that one of the reasons she moved to Los Angeles was in order to base her work there and her personal life in Japan; she quoted, "Now that I'm living in L.A., I thought 'I want to do work I could only do in L.A.' I was very proactive about it." She carried on with the development of the album while preparing for her annual 2013-2014 Countdown Live concert tour in Japan. While she was in Tokyo, Japan, she recorded the tracks "Hello New Me", "Pray", and "Now & 4Eva" at Prime Sound Studio Form, Avex Studio, and Avex Studio Azabu.

Composition and songs

Musically, Colours is an electronic dance album. In a short commentary on Hamasaki's website, she stated that the album was influenced by dance music. Alongside with several new producers, Hamasaki and Avex Trax enlisted a wide range of musicians and composers to help with the album, including Tetsuya Komuro, John Mamann, AJ Junior, among others. The majority of the album's content was written by Hamasaki in English and Japanese. According to the lyric booklets that came with the physical formats of the album, the tracks "Feel the Love", "XOXO", and "Angel" are performed bilingually, while the remaining content apart from "Lelio" are recorded primarily in Japanese. The track "Lelio" was recorded in English with additional Japanese lyrics throughout the verses. The album track "Merry-Go-Round" includes guest vocals of Japanese rapper Verbal, who also contributed to the song writing and composition of the single.

The album opens with "Feel the Love", which is an EDM–pop song that was composed by Komuro and produced by DJ Hello Kitty. DJ Hello Kitty provided an additional remix to the physical release of the single. "XOXO" was produced by RedOne Production members De Paris and Rush Aziz, while the composition was handled by Junior, Ameerah A. Roelants, Aziz, Mamann, and Yohanne Simon. Musically, it is an uptempo dance-pop song that was compared by a reviewer at KKBox.com to the work of American recording artist Lady Gaga. "What Is Forever Love" is a duet with Japanese recording artist Naoya Urata from the band AAA, and includes the instrumentation of pianos and synthesizers. "Hello New Me" and "Pray" was noted by a CD Journal staff member as pop ballads.

The sixth track on the album is "Terminal", which was composed and produced by Armin van Buuren and Benno de Goeij. It is Hamasaki's second album track to have not been produced by Matsuura, her first being "Connected", which was produced by Ferry Corsten and appeared on her fourth studio album I Am... (2002). Musically, it is a dance song that incorporates elements of trance music and EDM. "Angel" was composed by Darkchild, Andy Kautz, and Ardita Satka, and was noted by Gwendolyn Ng at The Straits Times as an EDM song. The eighth song on the album was the M-Flo-produced "Merry-Go-Round", which was described by Dinah Congying Chen at Asia Pacific Arts, a newspaper published by the University of Southern California, as another EDM track. "Lelio" was noted by Dato at Kkbox.com as an "aggressive" tune by Dato, while the closing song "Now & 4Eva" was composed by Japanese musician Kazuhiro Hara.

Release
Colours was released on July 2, 2014, in Japan by Avex Trax, worldwide by Avex Entertainment Inc., and on July 18 in Taiwan by Avex Taiwan. The album was released in six formats, the first being a stand-alone CD that features the 10 songs. The CD and DVD version includes the 10 tracks, plus 10 videos for the official and behind the scenes of the tracks "Feel the Love", "XOXO", "Angel", "Merry-Go-Round", and "Lelio". The CD and Blu-Ray versions feature the same tracks as the CD and DVD version, but display a different album cover. Two limited edition versions of the DVD and Blu-Ray bundles were made available through Hamasaki's fan club website TeamAyu, which featured the same track list on both formats but came with a promo sticker and a Milena's brand aroma candle scented with "Boutique". The final format was the wide digital release, which included the same 10 tracks. The album artwork and promotional photos was photographed by G.T.Gan, which featured Hamasaki holding her arms against her head. The album artworks were published through Hamasaki's website on June 16, 2014, alongside the tracks that were featured.

Reception

Upon its release, Colours received favorable reviews from music critics. An editor from CD Journal complimented Hamasaki's approach to electronic dance music, and commended the variety of producers who helmed the album. Specifically, the review pointed out "Feel the Love", "Merry-Go-Round", and "Hello New Me" as the best tracks on the album. Similarly, Dato from KKbox.com was positive in his review and praised Hamasaki's approach to electronic dance music. He also noted the "fun" appeal to the album, and recommended the tracks "Feel the Love", "Hello New Me", "Pray", "XOXO", "What Is Forever Love", and "Lelio" from the album. Linshu Yan from The China Times did not review the album extensively, but labelled the sound and production as "fine", and highlighted the track "XOXO".

Commercially, Colours was not as successful as Hamasaki's previous records in Japan. It became her first to debut outside the top three on the Oricon Albums Chart, ranking at number five, and earned the singer the lowest first week sales of her career at the time, with 39,295 units sold. The album's opening sales performance was attributed to a lack of promotion and stiff competition by other artists at the time, as described by Japanese publications. It dropped to number 16 the following week, Hamasaki's first album to not remain inside the top ten for at least two weeks, with sales of 6,122 units. It slipped to number 31 the following week, with 2,922 units sold, and left the top 50 the week after. By the end of 2014, the album had sold  53,406 cumulative units and ranked at number 98 on Oricon's Annual Chart. Despite its more minimal success, Colours became Hamasaki's 47th record to chart within the top ten on the Oricon Albums Chart, making her the second artist in Japanese music history to achieve this, after Yumi Matsutoya. Elsewhere, the album reached numbers 75 and 16 on the South Korean Gaon Albums Chart and International Albums Chart respectively.

The first was a double A-side single that featured the songs "Feel the Love" and "Merry-Go-Round", released on December 25, 2013. It was her first physical release in three years, after her EP–single L, and both tracks received a music video. It under performed in Japan, reaching number five on the Oricon Singles Chart, and made it her lowest charting single at the time of its release. The second single was "Terminal", which was released on October 1, 2014. It was her first single to not feature a music video, her first since "Unite!" in 2001. It became her first single to miss the top 20 since her debut single "Poker Face" in 1998, and is her lowest selling single as of August 2016. "XOXO" was released on the same day as "Terminal", but was distributed as a PlugAir device in Japan and North American through Machine Shop Recordings, featuring the song, one remix, and three additional videos. The tracks "Pray" and "Hello New Me" were released as digital singles on January 27 and May 14, 2014. Both tracks peaked at number 76 and 29 on the Japan Hot 100 chart, hosted by Billboard.

To promote Hamasaki's 2014 Premium Showcase: Feel the Love concert tour in Japan, Avex Trax released three double A-side singles in specific arenas to promote the tracks as a free gift. The first release was "XOXO"/"Terminal", released between May 30 and June 1, 2014, in Nagoya, Japan. Both tracks had been promoted separately not long after, and "XOXO" received a music video that appeared on its own release format and the DVD and Blu-Ray versions of Colours. The second release was "Angel", released between June 12 in Osaka, Japan. The track received a music video, and was included on the DVD and Blu-Ray versions of the parent album. The third and final release was "What Is Forever Love"/"Now & 4Eva", released between June 3 and June 6 in Tokyo, Japan. These six tracks had been distributed through Hamasaki's TeamAyu fan club website on May 23 for streaming and digital downloads.

Live performances and promotion
To promote the album, Hamasaki conducted two live concert tours and several other endorsements and releases. Hamasaki commenced her 2013–2014 Countdown Live 2013-2014 A at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Yoyogi Park, Tokyo. At the three concert date tour, she performed "Feel the Love" and "Merry-Go-Round" from the parent album, and eventually distributed a live DVD on April 30, 2014. She then went on her 2014 Premium Showcase: Feel the Love concert tour in Japan, where she performed the album tracks "What Is Forever Love", "Hello New Me", "Angel", "Terminal", "XOXO", "Lelio", and "Feel the Love". The tour was hosted in Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya city, destinations which could only allow "the newest technology and performance techniques" that "allow mechanisms only achievable in these locations". The live performance was then filmed and distributed through Avex Trax in Japan, both on DVD and Blu-Ray discs on October 22, 2014. On October 18, 2014, Hamasaki performed as the closing act in the A-Nation premium concert held at the Marina Bay Sands’ MasterCard Theatres in Singapore. She had performed "XOXO" and "Lelio", alongside several other tracks from her discography; this was the second time performing in Singapore after her MTV Asia Awards performance 12 years previously.

One day before the album's release, Hamasaki promoted the album at an album launch at Tower Records in Shibuya. On June 18, 2014, weeks prior to the release of Colours, Hamasaki released a non-stop megamix album entitled EDMA; the album included short versions of the tracks "XOXO", "Lelio", "Feel the Love", "Terminal", "Angel", "Merry-Go-Round", and "What Is Forever Love". Three of the album's tracks: "Feel the Love", "Pray", and "Hello New Me" were used in advertising endorsements and films in Japan. "Feel the Love" was used as the commercial theme song for Dwango.jp, the Count Down TV chart hosted by the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS), and the Christmas Fair commercial. "Pray" was used as the theme song for the Japanese animated movie Buddha 2, her first recording for a movie in 12 years; Hamasaki attended the world premiere of the film in Paris, France. "Hello New Me" was used as the theme song for the 2014 Fuji television series Zoku: Saigo Kara Nibanme no Koi.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the CD liner notes of Colours.

Recording and management
Recorded at Record Plant Recording Studios, Los Angeles California, and Prime Sound Studio Form, Avex Studio, Avex Studio Azabu, Tokyo, Japan between 2013 and 2014. Management at Avex Trax in Tokyo, Japan.

Credits

Ayumi Hamasaki – vocals, songwriting
Yuta Nakano – backing vocals, composing, production
Yumi Kawamura – backing vocals
Jaycen Joshua – mixing
Tetsuya Komuro – composing
DJ Hello Kitty – composing, production, arrangement
Jordan Sapp – arrangement
Trevor Muzzy – mixing
AJ Junior – composing
Ameerah A. Roelants – composing
Rush Aziz – composing, production, programming
John Mamann – composing
Yohanne Simon – composing, programming
De Paris – production
Junichiro Kawata – coordinator
Kazuki Kumagai – coordinator
Sakimi Kanai – coordinator
Naoya Urata – guest vocals
Daishi Dance – composing, production
Tomoharu Moriya – composing
Tomoki Ihira – guitar

Naoki Yamada – mixing
Kunio Tago – composing
Yuko Kajitani Strings – music, string arrangement
David Reitzas – mixing
Takayuki Mogami – oboe
Armin van Buuren – composing, production
Benno de Goeij – composing, production
Andy Kautz – composing, production
Ardita Satka – composing
Rodney Jerkins – composing, production
Mitsunori Ikeda – arranging, programming
Tachytelic – arranging, programming
Jeb – composing
Unico – composing
M-Flo – composing, production
Verbal – rapping, guest vocals
Robin Morssink – mixing, composing
Fedde Le Grand – composing, production
Ryota Akizuki – acoustic guitar
Yumi Kawamura – backing vocals
Takehito Shimizu – electric guitar
Kazuhiro Hara – composing

Additional credits

Nobby Uno – album coordinator
Terry Ross – album coordinator
Mai Takamizawa – album coordinator
Alvin Goh – creative designer
Hidetomo Yoneda – direction
Bradford H. Smith – engineer
Dustin Capulong – engineer
Ryan Kaul – engineer
Ryota Gomi – engineer
Shuhei Shimizu – engineer
Yuji Tanaka – engineer
Yujiro Yonetsu – engineer
Yushi Iwata – engineer
Koji Sato – management (composing)
Tadayoshi Matsuzaka – management (composing)
Tomonori Takeda – management (composing)
Yuki Iwabuchi – management (composing)
Alam Melina – management (production)
Daisaku Ito – management (production)
Dick de Groot – management (production)
Gesine Pertenbreiter – management (production)

Jr. Regisford – management (production)
Hiroki Nakajima – management (production)
Ichiro Shimizu – management (production)
John Witsenburg – management (production)
Kevin Inoue – management (production)
Maykel Piron – management (production)
Nadine van Bodegraven – management (production)
Noboru Kuroda – management (production)
Ray Hatayama – management (production)
Sachiko Hanai – management (production)
Susanne Wolffensperger – management (production)
Takashi Honda – management (production)
Dave Kutch – mastering
G.T.Gan – photography
Hideaki Jinbu – recording
Hiroshi Sato – recording
Koji Morimoto – recording
Naoki Yamada – recording
Yuichi Nagayama – recording

Charts

Weekly charts

Monthly charts

Yearly charts

Sales

Release history

Notes

References

External links
Colours at Ayumi Hamasaki's official website.

2014 albums
Ayumi Hamasaki albums
Dance-pop albums by Japanese artists
Japanese-language albums


title: Henry James Richter

text:
Henry James Richter  (1772–1857), artist and philosopher, was born in Middlesex, possibly at 40 Great Newport Street, Soho, on 8 March 1772 and baptised at St Anne's Church, Soho, on 5 April at that same year.

Family
Henry James was the second son (of five children) of John Augustus Richter and Mary Haig. John was originally from Dresden, Germany and was an artist, engraver, and scagliolist, well known for his works in imitation of marble. John Augustus Richter was a partner with Domenico Bartoli another scagliolist in London beginning in 1767 and continuing through the 1777 or 1778. Bartoli emigrated from the port city of Livorn, Italy (often referred to in English as Leghorn) and, after working for almost 10 years with Richter, moved on to Ireland. One notable item the elder Richter produced was a child's building blocks set called Richter's Anchor Blocks (an example of which is currently in the collection of the UK National Trust Museum of Childhood.) Henry's older brother, John Richter (1769?–1830), was a prominent radical politician, and member of the London Corresponding Society. He was later arrested for high treason and incarcerated briefly in the Tower of London. In 1794, the Richter brothers compiled and printed John Milton's book of poems called Paradise Lost which included 13 illustrations done by Henry James. The book was dedicated and presented to His Royal Highness George, Prince of Wales while John Richter was on trial for treason. Another brother, Thomas Richter, was a director of the Phoenix Life Insurance Company and remained with them until nearly the mid century. He had a sister, Elizabeth Richter, who married Rev. James Stuart Freeman around July 1808. Richter was educated at Dr Barrow's school (Academy in Soho Square) and St Martin's Library School, London.

Richter got his early education at the Academy in Soho Square. Initially the school was located at 1 Soho Square then around 1726, schoolmaster M. Clare moved it to number 8 where it became known as the Soho Academy. After Claire's death in 1751, his partner, Rev. Cuthbert Barwis took over for a period of time; succeeded upon his death by his nephew John.  By the time Richter had entered the school, Reverend Dr. William Barrow had already become schoolmaster and ran the school from 1785 through 1799. During that time it was called occasionally referred to as Dr. Barrows school. Reportedly the school taught mathematics, geography, French, drawing, dancing and fencing. It is believed that Richter attended there between the age of 13 and 18.

In about 1787, he began instruction under the artist Thomas Stothard, with whom he remained a close friend. He also began an association with William Blake. In 1788 he produced his first illustrations (to Shakespeare's plays), and first exhibited paintings, showing two landscapes at the Royal Academy, where he exhibited for many years. He became a student of the Royal Academy Schools in 1790, and reportedly studied anatomy.

Career
Throughout the 1790s Richter worked mainly as an illustrator, demonstrating skills as both draftsman and engraver; projects included editions of Samuel Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison and Clarissa Harlowe (with others, both 1793), Samuel Johnson's Lives of the English Poets (with others, 1797), and J.-H. Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's Paul and Virginia (1799). For a period of time, Richter lived at #26 Newman St. in London. This Street was also known as "Artists Street" because in the two block section were approximately 40 painters, sculptors, engravers and other in the arts including such notable individuals as Robert Cromek at #64, Benjamin West at #14, Thomas Stothard at #28, James Ward at #6, Henry Thomson at #15, Ozias Humphry at #25, George Arnald at #36, James Heath at #42, Thomas Cheesman at #71 and John Phillip "Pope" Davis at #76.

In 1809 Richter began to exhibit at the Associated Artists in Water Colours, Bond Street, becoming a member in 1810, and president in 1811–12. His most popular work at this stage was the genre subject A Brute of a Husband, though he also established himself as a literary painter, with depictions of such characters as Don Quixote and Falstaff, and became one of the few notable artists to paint historical subjects in watercolour. With the dissolution of the Associated Artists in Water Colours in 1812 he was elected a member of the Society of Painters in Oil and Water Colours, though he resigned his membership in December of the same year, and until 1820 was represented on its walls only as an exhibitor. (In that year the society returned to its original form as the Society of Painters in Water Colours.)

Richter was a pioneer in painting from nature, in both practice and theory. In 1812 he painted the oil Christ Giving Sight to the Blind, in bright sunlight on the roof of his house in Newman Street. The work was purchased by the trustees of the British Institution for 500 guineas and later presented to the New Church, Greenwich, completed in 1825, where it was installed as an altarpiece. A second version, attempting to improve on its truth to nature, was exhibited four years later. An engraving of this was done in 1816 by John Young. Then, in 1817, he published the pamphlet Daylight: a recent discovery in the art of painting, with hints on the philosophy of the fine arts, and on that of the human mind, as first dissected by Immanuel Kant. His more general ideas, including his approach to colour and use of models of his compositions in clay or wax, influenced other painters, notably the miniature painter James Holmes. Daylight combined his artistic interests with his study of metaphysical philosophy. Richter also wrote the article Metaphysics in the Encyclopaedia Londonensis and a paper, German Transcendentalism (1855).

In 1821 Richter was again elected to the Society of Painters in Water Colours, though his membership and the frequency of his exhibits varied through the decade. Between 1827 and 1828, John Sartain apprenticed under Richter. In 1823, the 14-year-old Sartain had sought become an experienced engraver under the indenture of John Swaine of the Merchant and Tailors Company. in 1828, Sartain continued his apprenticeship under Richter. By now he was an experienced engraver and Richter gave him his first attempt at "stipple on steel" or Mezzotint that was titled "Omphale". Around that time, Richter had painted The Tight Shoe and had requested that Sartain do the engraving. Sartain did so, then later did additional engravings after he went to the US. Richter had hoped that Sartain would also do the engraving for his painting, The Brute of a Husband, but their relationship had soured and Sartain left Richter's employ to go out on his own. Between 1829 and 1830, Sartain was self-employed in London before leaving for Philadelphia and becoming very well known and respected in the US. From 1829 until his death, Richter he was both a member and a frequent exhibitor of the Society of Painters in Water Colours. The subject's of his most ambitious paintings of this later phase were taken from Shakespeare. He was also known for drawings and engravings of characters of Sir Walter Scott.

Controversial Work  In 1829, Parliament passed the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 which allowed members of the Catholic Church to sit in the parliament. Just two months before, Sartain engraved Richter's anti-catholic print, The Tempest , involving characters from William Shakespeare’s play. This satirical work reflects the Miranda and Caliban respectively representing “the Church and the Devil” and was hung briefly in the window of a printshop before angry passersby caused it to be removed for fear of trouble.

His work became highly popular through reproductive engravings and, from 1828, through the illustrations he produced for annuals such as the Forget-me-Not and Fisher's Drawing Room Scrapbook for 1833; the painting, The School in an Uproar, was reproduced in several variations and even printed on pocket handkerchiefs. He reportedly produced as many as 150 works in the form of drawings, engravings and paintings. Some examples of his work are in the British Museum and in private collections. The painting The Love Letter shows two characters taken from Sir Walter Scott's The Antiquary and was likely painted after 1828. A poem of the same name was written by Letitia Elizabeth Landon, who was noted for creating literary pieces based on drawings and paintings and well known in the UK during that period. The painting depicts Mrs Mailsetter in an admonishing pose and Jenny Caxon, the recipient of a love letter from her older beau, Lieutenant Richard Taffril, who was away at sea. An engraving by Charles Rolls of the painting and the poem were published side by side in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrapbook for 1833 (London, UK Fisher Jackson). An engraving made of this painting also references the title as being "Maternal Solicitude" and an earlier reference in the Literary Souvenir for 1828 gives descriptions of the collection of Alaric Alexander Watts with an alternative title of "Maternal Advice".
Rolls contributed by engraving a number of drawings and paintings done by Richter. It is believed that the painting may have been based on the drawing and subsequent engraving of a different view of the scene. This engraving has been referenced by the titles One Peep Was Enough (a short story by L. E. L.) and At the Post Office showing Mrs Mailsetter, Jenny and two other characters; Mrs Heukbane and Mrs Shortcake.

Richter was married twice: first, at Marylebone on 9 July 1808, to Elizabeth née Smith; and second, at Marylebone on 2 May 1818, to Charlotte Sophia née Edson (d. 1862). He had at least two sons and two daughters. On 8 April 1857, Henry James Richter died at his home at 101 Lisson Grove, London. He was 85. At the time of his death, he was translating a metaphysical work by J. S. Beck, a former student of Kant. His daughter Henrietta Sophia Richter (1813–1896) was a successful amateur portrait painter, who exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1842 to 1849. His son Henry Constantine Richter (1821–1902) became a well recognised draftsman and lithographer, noted for his illustrations of birds and mammals which were reproduced in the works of the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould.

References

1772 births
1857 deaths
Kantian philosophers
Romanticism
18th-century English painters
19th-century English painters
18th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists
English watercolourists
English engravers
People from Soho
Artists from London


title: Statte (Italy) railway station

text:
Statte is a railway station in Statte, Italy. The station is located on the Bari–Martina Franca–Taranto railway. The train services and the railway infrastructure are operated by Ferrovie del Sud Est.

Train services
The station is served by the following service(s):

Local services (Treno regionale) Martina Franca - Taranto

References

Railway stations in Apulia
Buildings and structures in the Province of Taranto


title: Octave Dayen

text:
Octave Dayen (6 June 1906 – 14 September 1987) was a French cyclist. He competed in four events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1906 births
1987 deaths
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Creuse
Cyclists from Nouvelle-Aquitaine


title: May Myat Noe

text:
May Myat Noe aka That Htet Aung (; on 13 October 1998) is a Burmese actress, fashion model and beauty pageant title holder. She is best known for winning Miss Asia Pacific World in 2014, as well as being a finalist in the fourth season of Asia's Next Top Model in 2016.

Early life and education
May Myat Noe aka That Htet Aung was born on 13 October 1998, in Yangon, Myanmar. She attended primary and secondary school in Singapore and finished her high school at Myanmar International School. Her family moved to Singapore from Yangon where she attended Punggol Primary School and CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School. When she came back to Myanmar, she competed in Eai Mat Sone Yar, a televised singing competition. Then, with an invitation from the Style Plus H Organisation, she competed in Miss Asia Pacific World 2014.

Pageantry

Miss Asia Pacific World 2014
In 2014, Noe participated in the 2014 edition of Miss Asia Pacific World, where she was crowned as the winner. She was subsequently stripped of the title three months after her win, under allegations by the South Korean pageant organizers that she displayed an "ungrateful attitude and untrustworthiness" by being rude and not returning phone calls.

Noe claimed that the organizers pressured her to undergo extensive plastic surgery, and criticized the organization for its poor reputation. She further stated that she was coaxed to provide escort services for South Korean tycoons. Noe handed the crown, valued at $100,000, over to Burmese authorities in Myanmar, but refused to have the crown returned to South Korea until she received a formal apology.

The organization formally accused Noe of defamation in September 2015.

Career

Modeling career
Noe was selected as one of fourteen finalists for the fourth season of Asia's Next Top Model in 2016, becoming the first representative from Myanmar to participate in the series. Noe went on to win an all-expenses paid trip to New York Fashion Week sponsored by Maybelline for having garnered the best performance following a photo shoot for the brand during the show's fifth episode. She was eventually eliminated during the show's seventh episode, becoming the eighth eliminated over. After the show, she currently represent by Basic Models in Singapore. She was the face of CLEAR Myanmar and has done several campaigns for L'Oréal, Pocari Sweats, Maybelline and Pepsi.

Music career
Noe began her music career in 2011, before winning Miss Asia Pacific World 2014. She competed in the sixth season of Eain Met Sone Yar, became the seventh runner-up. She subsequently released multiple singles and music videos, like "Single is the best", "Tagal Ma Chit Yin" and "Oh Boy".

Acting career
Noe started her acting career in 2014. She made her acting debut with the multiple Burmese movies and videos namely "Ti Kyat", "Pawa Ma Shu Yay Ma Ku Kyay", "Professor Dr.Seik Phwar", "Charm Series", "Motor and Fan", "Achit Pincin Essay", "Palat Kywat Thwar Tat Achit", "A Phyu Htal Lu Mike Gyi", "Akhar Taw" and "Khyay Kyi Tal".

Noe is set to co-star with Johnny Strong in the upcoming American film Invincible, to be directed by Daniel Zirilli.

Her latest projects are, ‘SPIRIT OF FIGHT Season 1’ that was aired in March 2019. Her major film that are going to be in theatres in 2020 are ‘25%’, ‘DIARY’ and YURI- The Film.

Political activities
Following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, May Myat Noe was active in the anti-coup movement through social media. She has taken part in the "We Want Justice" three-finger salute movement. The movement was launched on social media, and many popular celebrities have joined the movement.

On 4 April 2021, warrants for her arrest were issued under section 505 (a) of the Myanmar Penal Code by the State Administration Council for speaking out against the military coup. Along with several other celebrities, she was charged with calling for participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and damaging the state's ability to govern, with supporting the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, and with generally inciting the people to disturb the peace and stability of the nation.

Filmography

Film

Film (Burmese)

References

https://m.imdb.com/title/tt9134678/

External links

Living people
Actresses from Yangon
Models from Yangon
1998 births
Burmese female models
Top Model contestants


title: Mohammad Amin Nuristani

text:
Mohammad Amin Nuristani (born 1928) is an Afghan field hockey player, who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games and the 1956 Summer Olympic Games. He played in four matches, two in each Olympics.

References

External links

1928 births
Possibly living people
Afghan male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey players for Afghanistan
Place of birth missing


title: Louis Bessière

text:
Louis Bessière (born 2 September 1902) was a French cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1902 births
Year of death missing
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Vatolakkos

text:
Vatolakkos is the name of two villages in Greece:
Vatolakkos, Chania, in Platanias
Vatolakkos, Grevena in Grevena


title: Taranto Galese railway station

text:
Taranto Galese is a railway station in Taranto, Italy. The station is located on the Bari–Martina Franca–Taranto railway. The train services and the railway infrastructure are operated by Ferrovie del Sud Est.

Train services
The station is served by the following service(s):

Local services (Treno regionale) Martina Franca - Taranto

References

This article is based upon a translation of the Italian language version as at June 2014.

Railway stations in Apulia
Buildings and structures in the Province of Taranto


title: José López (cyclist)

text:
José López (born 1910, date of death unknown) was an Argentine cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1910 births
Year of death missing
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: St Mary's Church, Ferndown

text:
St Mary's Church is a Church of England parish church in the town of Ferndown, Dorset.

History
Building of the nave began in 1933, on land given in 1932, with the chancel and sanctuary added in 1939, transept and vestries added in 1966, and tower completed in 1972. A church hall complex was added in 1983, and extended in 2002 and 2015.

References

External links

Church of England church buildings in Dorset


title: 2014–15 Dundee United F.C. season

text:
The 2014–15 season is the club's 106th season, having been founded as Dundee Hibernian in 1909 and their second season in the Scottish Premiership. United will also compete in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

Results & fixtures

Pre season

Scottish Premiership

Scottish League Cup

Scottish Cup

Player statistics

Squad information

Disciplinary record

Team statistics

League table

Division summary

Management statistics
Last updated on 24 May 2015

Transfers

Players in

Players out

See also
List of Dundee United F.C. seasons

Notes

References

Dundee United
2014andndash;15


title: Vatolakkos, Grevena

text:
Vatolakkos () is a village and a community of the Grevena municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Grevena, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 287 residents in the village. The community of Vatolakkos covers an area of 8.951 km2.

See also
 List of settlements in the Grevena regional unit

References

Populated places in Grevena (regional unit)
Grevena
Villages in Greece


title: Khan Nasrullah Totakhail

text:
Khan Nasrullah Totakhail (born 1925) was an Afghan field hockey player, who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games and the 1956 Summer Olympic Games. He played in all six matches in both Olympics.

References

External links

1925 births
Possibly living people
Afghan male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Afghanistan
Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Francisco Bonvehi

text:
Francisco Bonvehi (born 1905, date of death unknown) was an Argentine cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1905 births
Year of death missing
Argentine male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Argentina
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Chiahui Power Corporation

text:
The Chiahui Power Corporation () is an independent power producer company in Taiwan.

History
The company was established on 29 April 1996. In 2002, Electric Power Development Company acquired the company shares from Asia Cement Corporation in 2002 and invested $75 million in the firm. In September 2020, Asia Cement purchased all share of the company previously co-owned by Electric Power Development Company for $183 million.

Power plants
 Chiahui Power Plant in Minxiong Township, Chiayi County

See also

 Electricity sector in Taiwan
 List of power stations in Taiwan

References

External links

1996 establishments in Taiwan
Electric power companies of Taiwan
Energy companies established in 1996
Far Eastern Group


title: Tom Moran

text:
Tom Moran is a British screenwriter.

Career
Moran attended the University of East Anglia. While studying for a degree in Scriptwriting and Performance, he set up Laugh Out Loud comedy club. He subsequently performed a 21-night show at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. In 2014, Moran won the Guardian and Legend Press''' new prize for self-published fiction. The prize aims to find books "that are not only zeitgeisty and promising, but will be talked about in 10 or even 100 years' time." Following the prize, Moran has received attention in various publications including the Washington Post.

In 2015, Moran was named as one of the BAFTA Rocliffe New Comedy Writing Forum winners for his new sitcom, Printheads. The prize culminated in a showcase at the New York Television Festival, where professional actors performed the script live. At the festival, Moran won the AMC-Channel 4 Drama Co-Development Award for his sci-fi pilot White Rabbit.

Moran wrote and executive produced the Amazon Prime Video thriller television series The Devil's Hour''.

Screenwriter filmography

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
21st-century British screenwriters
21st-century English male writers
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
English male comedians
English male novelists
English male screenwriters


title: Mohammad Kadir Nuristani

text:
Mohammad Kadir Nuristani (born 1925) was an Afghan field hockey player, who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games. He played in all three matches.

References

External links

1925 births
Possibly living people
Afghan male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Afghanistan
Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
Date of birth missing


title: Kyrakali

text:
Kyrakali () is a village and a community of the Grevena municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Grevena, of which it was a municipal district. The 2011 census recorded 130 residents in the village. The community of Kyrakali covers an area of 9.277 km2.

See also
 List of settlements in the Grevena regional unit

References

Populated places in Grevena (regional unit)
Grevena
Villages in Greece


title: Fred Short

text:
Frederick William Short was a South African cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
South African male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for South Africa
Cyclists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing


title: Thief of the Mind

text:
Thief of the Mind or Mind Thief (, Bodlyn khulgaich) is a 2011 Mongolian film of the film production company "Wisdom Film". It was written and directed by Janchivdorjiin Sengedorj with the Mongolian actor Baljinnyamyn Amarsaikhan as producer and lead actor in the role of Gantulga. The film was screened during the Ulaanbaatar International Film Festival.

Background
The film is based on a true story of B. Gansükh who misled Mongolian President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat and top authorities and eventually President of Mongol Bank, and getting a substantial amount of money quoted as Mongolian Tögrögs 90 million in 1992. He was nickname as "90 million" as his story unfolded shocking the Mongolians. He was sentenced to several years in prison, but managed to escape. He was caught again and his sentence was extended. After release, Gansükh wrote a book translated as Life transformed by temptation about the affair. Journalist Dorjkhandyn Törmönkh adapted the story for the movie.

Synopsis
A journalism student wants to become a film producer. By chance, he overhears a conversation about the Mongolian rare findings that are brought to America and decides to explore this for his film getting financing from high sources in the Mongolian government. But things get terribly complicated.

Awards
During the annual Mongolian Academy Awards in 2012, the film won most awards becoming the most decorated film of 2011.

Awards won:
Best Film - for Thief of the Mind
Best Lead Role - (male) - for Baljinnyamyn Amarsaikhan
Best Supporting Role - (female) - for Sharavyn Delgerjargal
Best Cinematography - for D. Angarag
Best Sound Editing - for B. Battuvaan
Best Screenplay - for Dorjkhandyn Törmönkh

References

External links

Film trailer

2011 films
Mongolian drama films


title: Kanona, Kansas

text:
Kanona is an unincorporated community in Decatur County, Kansas, United States.

History
A post office was opened in Kanona in 1881, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1955. The post office was called Altory until 1887.

Education
The community is served by Oberlin USD 294 public school district.

References

Further reading

External links
 Decatur County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Decatur County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: Allen Rivkin

text:
Allen Rivkin (20 November 1903 – 17 February 1990) was an American screenwriter.

Rivkin was a advertising copy writer, who  went to Hollywood and joined the RKO Pictures publicity department. He formed a film writing team with P. J. Wolfson, who got a writer’s contract on the strength of "Bodies Are Dust". They started at Universal Pictures the same day. Through a luncheon conversation that day decided to collaborate on a story. In less than two years the pair wrote ten screen plays. They later wrote for the B. P. Schulberg company at Paramount Pictures.

He was one of the co-founders of the Screenwriters Guild, later the Writers Guild of America. He wrote several of his scripts with his wife, Laura Kerr.

Select credits
Picture Snatcher (1933)
Headline Shooter (1933)
Dancing Lady (1933)
 Highway West (1941)
Joe Smith, American (1942)
Kid Glove Killer (1942)
Till the End of Time (1946)
The Farmer's Daughter (1947)
Tension (1950)
Prisoner of War (1954)

References

External links

American male screenwriters
1903 births
1990 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters


title: Sardar Rafie Yanehsari

text:
Sardar Rafie Yanehsari (1856-1930) was the Wali of velayat of Astarabad and Governor of Gorgan from the time of Naser el-Din Shah to Reza Shah and was a member of Yanehsari Dynasty. Sardar Rafi played a major role in the development of the areas under his rule, the first explorations in Gorgan, the first carvings in Tepe Hisar, the construction of the road between Gorgan and Tehran and the introduction of modern science to Gorgan, Only part of his activity was during his 39 years of rule. Sardar Rafi first came to power in February 1892, when he was succeeded by his father, Lotf Ali Khan Sartip, who ruled the Hezarjarib region and rose to the rank of brigadier general. In addition to his services to modernize the areas under his rule, he and his nephew, Amir Khan-e Sardar, played an important role in suppressing Turkmen insurgency.

early life
Sardar Rafie, the son of Lotfali Khan Khan Sartip, was born in 1856 in Yaneh Sar. He had a brother named Habibullah Khan Sartip and three sisters named Alieh Khanum, Homa Khanum and Roghayeh Khanum. His mother, Shazdeh Khanum, was the daughter of Mehdi Khan, a colonel under Abbas Mirza during the Russo-Persian Wars.

Lotf Ali Khan, in addition to ruling Hezar-e-Jarib region, was a well-known military commander, and in 1859 he was given the ruling of Hezar-e-Jarib by Nasser al-Din Shah. Sardar Rafi's brother, Habibullah Khan, married Iftikhar al-Saltanah, the daughter of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, in 1871, and as a result, in 1872 Habibullah's only child, Amir Khan-e Sardar born. In 1892, on the advice of the ruler of Mazandaran, Mirza Abdullah Khan Yoshi, Habibullah Khan was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General by Nasser al-Din Shah.

Military career
In 1876, Sardar Rafie went to the Cossack Division School to begin his military service. He studied at that school under the tutelage of General Wadbolski, and in 1880 he became a lieutenant. In 1892, following the death of his father, Sardar Rafi was promoted to the rank of brigadier general and was promoted to the 48th Regiment of Hezarjarib. 48th Regiment was one of the most important regiments in the Astarabad-Hezarjarib region, known as the "Three Hezarjarib Regiments". The 47th Regiment was under the supervision of Habibullah Khan Sartip, the 48th Regiment was under the supervision of Sardar Rafie, and the 49th Regiment was under the supervision of Lotfali Khan Salar, the son of Sardar Rafie.

as Wali of Astarabad
Following his promotion to brigadier general, Sardar Rafi was appointed as Wali of velayat of Astarabad. The area of his rule at the beginning was only Hezarjarib and Astarabad. In 1907, he became the ruler of Shahroud and Bastam. Some time later, Aq Qala and in 1908 with the death of Muzaffar al-Din Shah, and the successor of Mohammad Ali Shah, all the areas that are today in Semnan, Golestan and the eastern part of Mazandaran came under the rule of Sardar Rafie.

Developments
In 1900, Sardar Rafie, along with Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar, went on a European tour. During a trip to St. Petersburg, Sardar Rafie, who was very surprised by the modernity of the city, decided to return and develop the areas under his rule, especially Gorgan. At the beginning, Sardar Rafi carried out a program for the reconstruction of roads from Gorgan to Hezarjarib, which lasted a year and was carried out with the help of Russian advisers. Later in 1906, at his invitation, a number of orientalists such as Jacques de Morgan came to Gorgan to explore, which led to the discovery of the Astarabad treasury; Experts believe that some of the objects in the treasury, which are very similar to the discoveries of Tepe Hissar, belong to the third millennium BC and nearly 5,000 years ago. Since then, Gorgan became one of the favorite centers of orientalists, and as a result, caused the arrival of modern science in Gorgan. With the arrival of orientalists in Gorgan, modern science also came to this city and several libraries were built in Gorgan by the order of Sardar Rafi. After that, Sardar Rafi, who noticed a new wave of constitutionalism among the Iranians with Tobacco Protest, sent a telegram to Muzaffar al-Din Shah in support of the workers of Astarabad, in which he demanded an increase in workers' salaries to one thousand six hundred tomans. Although this request was rejected, Sardar Rafi became very popular among his subjects.

Constitutional Revolution, 1908-1911

After the death of Muzaffar al-Din Shah, Mohammad Ali Mirza became king, and in 1908, by bombing the parliament, he started a civil war in Iran between the Authoritarians and the constitutionalists. Meanwhile, the security of velayat of Astarabad was not without significance. For this purpose, after a short time from Tehran, Mohammad Baqer Khan Salar Akram from the Authoritarians faction was ordered to reach Astarabad. However, Sardar Rafie, who had been associated with the constitutionalists from the very beginning, went to Astarabad from his mansion in Hezar Jerib and did not allow its gates to be opened on Salar Akram. Salar Akram warned him that opening the gates would be treason, but Sardar Rafie did not open the gates again, which led to the three-month Siege of Astarabad. In the end, in a clash, Salar Akram was killed and the siege ended. This was the beginning of the opposition to constitutionalism against Sardar Rafi throughout his territory. In Bandar Gaz, Mustafa Khan Shokooh Al-Saltanah closed the roads to Astarabad so that the products of this city would not reach the people of Astarabad and put pressure on Sardar Rafi. But the people of Bandar Gaz themselves rebelled against Shokooh Al-Saltanah and supported Sardar Rafi. Sardar Rafi also sent his nephew Amir-e Khan Sardar with an army to Bandar-e-Gaz to surrender Mustafa Khan. Finally, Mustafa Khan surrendered in less than a week. Next, in Aq Qala, the Turkmen seize the opportunity to revolt and plunder. In a letter to Amir Khan, Sardar Rafi called on Amir  Khan-e Sardar to return to Astarabad to quell the Turkmen uprising by combining the two 48th Regiment corps. Later in the battle of Aq Qala, the Turkmen were severely defeated and their revolt ended for a while.

In 1909, following the civil war, Sardar Rafi, who had succeeded in clearing his entire territory of Authoritarians, moved to Mazandaran, To defeat Ali Khan Zahir al-Dawla, who was working against the constitutionalists, to join Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni's army from there. In Sari, Zahir al-Dawla's forces faced Sardar Rafi's forces, which ended with the victory of Sardar Rafi and the escape of Zahair al-Dawla. After the conquest of Sari, the rest of the Authoritarians surrendered in Mazandaran, and at this time, Amir Moayed Savadkuhi, who was a constitutionalist, joined Sardar Rafie. On July 13, 1909, Sardar Rafi's forces joined Tonekaboni, Yeprem Khan, Sardar Asad, and Samsam al-Saltanah, and participated in the Triumph of Tehran, which ousted Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar from the throne and replaced Ahmad Shah. After the victory of the constitutionalists, Tonekaboni, who had become prime minister, forgave Zahair al-Dawla and returned the government of Mazandaran to him. However, Zahair al-Dawla had become so unpopular in Mazandaran that he resigned after a year and left politics forever.

Mohammad Ali Shah's attempt to regain power
In 1911, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, who had fled to Russia after the end of the Civil War, returned to Iran via Russia with the help of Russian ammunition and encamped in Gomishan to regain the lost throne. Among those who joined him in the hope of gaining more power was Habibullah Khan Sartip, the brother of Sardar Rafi, who joined him in the Gomishan campaign. By this time, with this new crisis, the position of Parliament had been shaken and many former constitutionalists and fighters had sought refuge in the British Embassy for fear of their lives. Mohammad Ali Shah even asked the commanders of Bojnourd and Quchan for help and pardoned their past mistakes in a decree. Mohammad Ali Shah divided the army into three groups: he sent a group to Shahroud under the command of Ali Khan Arshad al-Dawla, who advanced to Varamin and were defeated by government troops, and Arshad al-Dawla was shot. A group went by the sea and its commanders were Mirza Mohammad Khan Amir Makram Larijani and Askar Khan Azam-ol-Molk who were defeated by Yeprem Khan and his Dashnaks. The middle army, in which Mohammad Ali Mirza himself participated, went to Astarabad via Mazandaran. Apart from Habibullah Khan Sartip, among the officials who were in this army are Amir Moayed Savadkuhi, Morad Khan Savadkuhi, Habibullah Khan Shoja Al-Molk Surtiji, Habibullah Khan Salar Azam Do Mehri and several others. In the meantime, Sardar Rafi, realizing the danger of Mohammad Ali Shah, marched towards them with his army. The two armies fought in Savadkuh, and the crisis ended with the defeat of Muhammad Ali Shah and his return to Russia. All those involved in the crisis with Mohammad Ali Shah, including Habibullah Khan, were arrested. Sardar Rafi received the Order of the Lion and the Sun from Ahmad Shah.

1911-1914
During these three years, Sardar Rafie, who became famous for his victories in the Constitutional Revolution and became a national hero, received large sums of money from the government, which he spent on development and construction. Shahryari building, Taqwa school, Sayami mansion and Amir Latifi house were among the buildings that were built in these three years with the support of Sardar Rafie. He had proposed that Greater Khorasan be annexed to Astarabad and, of course, come under his rule. He was not accepted in this request, although the government tried to take advantage of him and his influential compatriots in the region on various occasions. The issue of arrears tax was perhaps no more than an excuse, and in fact it was a kind of confiscation of property that was intended not for him, but for all his classmates. He was summoned to Tehran in 1914 because of differences with Mostowfi al-Mamalek, and was detained or imprisoned for more than a year.

World War I and fall

In 1915, Mostowfi ol-Mamalek was removed as prime minister and replaced by Hassan Pirnia. As a result, Sardar Rafi was released from prison and returned to Astarabad. At this time, Russian and British forces, on the one hand, and Ottoman forces, on the other, were fighting in Iran in a campaign called the Persian Campaign. Meanwhile, Sardar Rafi noticed the looting of the northern regions of Iran by Russian forces. He decided to create a force and confront the Russians. He asked the prime minister for weapons, but the government was so weak that it could not help Sardar Rafi. So Sardar Rafi gathered volunteer forces from the people and bought weapons from the tribes around Khorasan. In the first major battle in Maraveh Tappeh, Sardar Rafi's forces faced the Russians. In a few hours of fighting, Sardar Rafi was defeated and forced to retreat. Thus, the Russians conquered Maraveh Tappeh.

Then Sardar Rafi went to Sardar Tower in Mohammad abad and declared the center of resistance there. Sardar Rafi then prevented Russian forces from advancing in a series of guerrilla attacks in Incheh Borun and Khan Bebin. However, it did not take long for the successful advance of Colonel Lazar Bicherakhov's forces from Manjil to Neginshahr in April 1915 to loosen the resistance in northern Astarabad and for Sardar Rafi to send troops there quickly. Simultaneously with Colonel Bichrakhov's Operation, Sir Charles Murray Marling, while in Tehran preparing for the removal of Pirnia and the ouster of Abdol Majid Mirza, had instructed Brigadier-General Percy Sykes to launch an operation to take control of Astrabad. Meanwhile, the Madanlu and Jahan Bigloo tribes from Mazandaran and the people's forces led by Amir Khan-e Sardar joined Sardar Rafi. Sardar Rafi divided his forces into three parts, part under the command of Amir Khan-e Sardar to the north to defend Incheh Borun and its surroundings, part under the leadership of Lotfali Khan Salar, the son of Sardar Rafi was sent to Negin Shahr to confront Colonel Bicherakhov; And a part went under his own leadership to confront Brigadier General Sykes, who was advancing southwest of Astarabad.

Until August 1915, when Mostowfi ol-Mamalek became prime minister again and declared that Sardar Rafi's confrontations were rebellious, Colonel Bicherakhov's forces were forced to retreat and return to Gilan after several defeats. Brigadier General Sykes telegraphed to Marling, in which he mentioned the stubborn resistance of Sardar Rafi and asked for more force, which was opposed by Marling, so in an arbitrary action, Sykes withdrew from the positions of Astarabad and went to Tehran. Sardar Rafi sent his forces together to drive the Russians out of Incheh Borun. The war in Inche Borun continued until December 1915, when Mostowfi ol-Mamalek resigned. It was at this time that Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma, who was entirely with the British forces, came to power. He immediately began purging German and Ottoman supporters of central and provincial offices, calling regional resistance, such as the resistance of Rais Ali Delvari in southern Iran and Sardar Rafi and his allies, traitors and ordering their arrest. Many historians believe that this was the beginning of the fall of Sardar Rafi.

In 1916, General von der Goltz, commander of the Ottoman Sixth Army, telegraphed his support to Sardar Rafie and sent him weapons and artillery. Sardar Rafi managed to defeat the Russian forces with new equipment, but General Baratov defeated the Germans in Kermanshah on February 22, and thus Sardar Rafie lost the support of the Germans. In March of that year, Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni replaced Farman Farma as Prime Minister and signed an agreement with the Russian and British forces. In order to implement this agreement, General Baratov went to Astarabad via Kermanshah to open the way for Russia to Iran with the defeat of Sardar Rafie. Sardar Rafi and his men quickly began to line up in Kordkuy, Shahroud and Bastam, Sardar Rafi's forces were written by 20,000 people at this time. The battle between Sardar Rafi's army and General Baratov lasted three months, and Sardar Rafi's forces were finally forced to retreat to Astarabad. Meanwhile, the fall of Astarabad was inevitable, the Sixth Ottoman Army under the command of Mirliva Ali İhsan Sâbis captured Khaneqin and Qasr Shirin in early June, then Kermanshah in July and Hamedan on August 11. To prevent the advance of the Ottoman forces, General Baratov withdrew half of his army from Astarabad to western Iran. After the capital was threatened by Ottoman forces, Tonekaboni was ousted on August 12, and Mirza Hassan Khan Vossug ed Dowleh, unfavored by Ahmad Shah but favored by the Russian and British autonomous ministers, became prime minister. Sardar Rafi's forces seized the opportunity and defeated the rest of the Russian forces and drove them out of Astarabad. Then Sardar Rafi set out to conquer Tehran. At the same time, the government of the National Defense Committee, which was formed in Kermanshah in February 1916 with the support of German and Ottoman forces, invited Sardar Rafi to serve as Minister of War in Rezaghi Nizam Al-Saltanah's cabinet.

During December, Sardar Rafi and his forces reached near Tehran and stopped in Tajrish. From February to March 1917, the Ottoman and German armies were driven out of Iran, and Kermanshah was conquered by General Baratov. Russian and British forces then attacked Tajrish to defeat Sardar Rafi, and in an attack they defeated Sardar Rafi's forces. He retreated to Shahroud with the rest of his men. In March, with a large bribe, the government of Vosough al-Dawla ratified the treaty written in the Tonekabon government and agreed to implement all its provisions, when suddenly the Russian Revolution of March 1917 took place. Sardar Rafi considered this to be his last chance to recover and attack Tehran, but in December 1918, After many clashes, General Dunsterville, in one of last operation of the Dunsterforce, invaded Astarabad, conquered the city, and captured Sardar Rafi. Shortly afterwards, on 5 November, Vosough al-Dawla signed an order expelling Sardar Rafi from the governorship of the province of Astarabad, declaring it an area under British control.

House arrest era (1918-1925)
He was placed under house arrest for seven years after British forces took control of Astarabad and ousted Sardar Rafi. During these years, Sardar Rafi repeatedly asked Ahmad Shah and his various prime ministers for parole, but none of them were accepted. His place of house arrest was the Shahriar Building, where he once performed his administrative duties.

as Governor of Gorgan

end of house arrest

One of the most important debates in the Fifth National Assembly was a speech by Kaikhosrow Shahrokh, a Zoroastrian representative who had announced that political prisoners such as Sardar Rafi should be released. This speech took place at the 155th meeting on April 25, 1925. Kaykhosrow Shahrokh pointed out in his speech that:

The heroes of the Constitutional Revolution have thrown us in house arrests and political prisons. The same people who stood up for the liberation of Iran when un-Irananians bombed the parliament. Some of them even came to our aid in the Great War. They have the right to be released after a lifetime of war. I demand the release of our political prisoners, such as Sardar Rafi Yanesari.

Following Kaykhosrow Shahrokh's speech, a commotion took place in the parliament, Mossadegh Al-Saltanah (Mohammad Mossadegh) stood up and said to him: There must have been a reason that they were imprisoned, now why are you upset for them? Go and get the rights of your fellow believers. Shmuel Hayyim, the representative of the Jews, supported Shahrokh and said to Mossadegh: "now making insults to other religions?" Mossadegh apologized and sat down in his chair. Parliament Speaker Hussein Pirnia requested for voting. Many deputies voted in favor, and the bill for the release of political prisoners was passed and signed by the speaker of parliament. But Mossadegh and a number of opponents, such as Seyyed Hassan Modarres, demanded that Sardar Rafi come to parliament to speak, to followed by a vote on the bill. Pirnia agreed to their request, and on April 26, Sardar Rafi was brought to Tehran in a protected manner to address the parliament.

In his speech to the parliament, Sardar Rafi spoke about the developments he made for Astarabad and the war in the Constitutional Revolution and the First World War. Then a vote was held and the overwhelming majority of the deputies voted for the release of Sardar Rafi. Only Mohammad Mossadegh and Modarres voted against.

References

1856 births
1930 deaths
People of Qajar Iran
20th-century Iranian politicians
Gorgan County
People from Mazandaran Province
People from Behshahr
People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
Rulers of Gorgan
19th-century Iranian politicians


title: Floods in Africa

text:
Floods in Africa have led to large losses of life over many decades. In recent years, the effects of floods have been exacerbated by climate change.

By year
2007 African floods
2009 West Africa floods
2010 West African floods
2015 Southeast Africa floods
2018 East Africa floods
2020 East Africa floods
2020 African Sahel floods
2022 Africa floods
2023 Africa floods

By country

 Floods in South Sudan

References

See also

 Climate change in Africa
 Water scarcity in Africa


title: Pride (1998 film)

text:
, also known as Pride: The Fateful Moment, is a 1998 Japanese historical drama directed by Shunya Itō. The film, based on the International Military Tribunal for the Far East of 1946–48, depicts Japanese prime minister Hideki Tojo (played by Masahiko Tsugawa) as a family man who fought to defend Japan and Asia from Western colonialism but was ultimately hanged by a vengeful United States. Shot at a cost of ¥1.5 billion and partially funded by a right-wing businessman, Pride was one of the highest-grossing Japanese films of 1998 and was nominated for two Japan Academy Prizes. Although the filmmakers intended the film to open dialogue on Japanese history, it was controversial in China, South Korea, and Japan owing to concerns of historical denialism.

Plot
In 1941, prime minister of Japan Hideki Tojo orders an attack on the United States, drawing that country into World War II. Four years later, Japan surrenders, and a victorious United States and its allies begin to try Tojo and other members of the Japanese government for war crimes.

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East is convened in 1946 and charges 28 individuals with Class-A war crimes. They are to be prosecuted by Joseph B. Keenan and tried in front of an international group of judges, including Australian Justice Sir William Webb. All twenty-eight plead not guilty, and Tojo charges the Americans with hypocrisy for trying him despite acts such as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

As the victors are the ones conducting the trials, Tojo and his co-defendants are unable to receive a fair trial, and some of the prosecutions' witnesses give false testimony. The verdict is ultimately delivered on 12 November 1948: Tojo, together with six of his co-defendants, is to be hanged for his role in the war. This sentence is carried out on 23 December 1948.

Production

Pride was directed by Shunya Itō and written by . This film was co-produced by Kanji Nakagawa and Masao Sato for Toei Company. Cinematography was handled by , with editing by Takeo Araki. Music for the film was composed by Michiru Ōshima. The film cost ¥1.5 billion (USD 11 million) to produce, thrice as much as usually spent by the company.

The film starred Masahiko Tsugawa as Hideki Tojo and Ayumi Ishida as his wife, . American actors Scott Wilson and Ronny Cox appeared as Prosecutor Keenan and Justice Webb, respectively. Indian actor Suresh Oberoi played Radhabinod Pal, the lone dissenting judge – according to AllMovie's Jonathan Crow, the film's only non-Japanese hero. The film also featured Eiji Okuda, Naho Toda, Gitan Ōtsuru, and Anupam Kher.

Pride was not the first film to deal with the tribunal, also known as the "Tokyo Trial". A film by Masaki Kobayashi, titled Tokyo Trial, had been released in 1983. This film, based on US Department of Defense footage, had taken a similarly negative view of the trials and argued that the US had also committed war crimes during the 20th century.

Themes
Pride depiction of Tojo is highly positive. Rather than the "absolute monster" sometimes depicted in American films on him, he is depicted as a strong, highly nationalistic, leader who loves his family and wants only to rid Asia of colonial rule. By comparison, the prosecutor Keenan is portrayed as a noisy and ignorant, yet scheming man. This depiction is based on the argument that Japan's war-time actions were misunderstood, and that these actions were not intended as acts of aggression, but as acts of self-preservation.

The historian Peter High notes that Pride is one in a line of Japanese works from the late 1990s, including the films Tower of Lilies and Wings of God, in which the Japanese are portrayed as victims of American vindictiveness and viciousness. This trend, possibly influenced by the economic downturn then in progress, was backed heavily by older Japanese businessmen. By this time, the Tokyo Trial had come to be seen as the source of a loss of Japanese identity and tradition. The academic  wrote a book in 1996 which proclaimed the trial to be , and the businessman Maeno Tōru blamed a "Tokyo Trial view of history" for the negative view of Japanese history and culture. Futamura quotes Itō as saying:

Release and reception
Pride premiered on 23 May 1998, in 140 theatres nationwide. It was a commercial success, selling the most tickets of any domestic production released in the first half of the year. Reviews of the film in Japan were generally positive, and included praise for the star's "feverish" acting (from the Asahi Shimbun) and the quality of the sets (from the Sankei Shimbun). Crow, however, gave the film two and a half stars out of five.

At the 22nd Japan Academy Prize ceremony held in March 1999, Pride received two nominations, for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role (Tsugawa) and Best Art Direction (Akira Naitō). It won neither, with Best Actor being taken by Akira Emoto for Dr. Akagi and Best Art Direction being won by Katsumi Nakazawa for his work in Begging for Love.

In Japan, Pride was given a home release in VHS in December 1998. A Region 2 DVD followed in May 2011. Liberty International Entertainment and Cargo Films released a DVD edition of the film in North America on 25 November 2003; this version included subtitles and a picture gallery.

Controversy and legacy
International response to the film was highly critical owing to concerns of historical revisionism, and Crow suggests that China and Korea – both of which had suffered under Japanese rule during World War II – viewed the film as "deliberate provocation" in light of Japan's unwillingness to recognise its past human rights abuses. Complaints included that the film whitewashed Tojo's role in the war, or that it justified the actions taken by Japan. Response in Japan was more positive, with CBS News recording only a single protest, although similar concerns of denialism were echoed.

Sato, in an interview, stated that the film was meant to "kindle a more nuanced debate about Tojo" rather than the "black and white" depictions which were more common. Tojo's granddaughter, Yuko Iwanami, stated that the film "challenged the image of her grandfather as a villain" by presenting a truth which had been "erased" after the war. Itō, meanwhile, stated that he "wanted to show how Tojo fought with pride", standing and facing the tribunal on his own.

Itō would not direct another feature-length film until Lost Crime – Flash in 2010, a crime film which Mark Schilling of The Japan Times considered enough to release him from "director's jail" – "the limbo in which film directors find themselves after a flop or two."

References

Works cited

External links

1990s Japanese-language films
Films directed by Shunya Itō
World War II war crimes trials films
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Japanese war drama films
Films about capital punishment
Toei Company films
1990s war drama films
1998 drama films
1998 films
Films scored by Michiru Ōshima
Japanese World War II films
Cultural depictions of Hideki Tojo
Film controversies
1990s Japanese films


title: Til the End of Time

text:
"Til the End of Time" is a song by American Christian musician Cody Carnes featuring Kari Jobe. The song was released on June 16, 2017, as the third single from his debut studio album, The Darker the Night / The Brighter the Morning (2017). Carnes co-wrote the song with Lauren Strahm and Robert Marvin. Jeremy Lutito produced the single.

"Til the End of Time" peaked at No. 50 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart.

Background
Cody Carnes released "Til the End of the Time" featuring Kari Jobe as the third single from his debut studio album, The Darker the Night / The Brighter the Morning (2017). The song followed the release of singles "The Cross Has the Final Word" and "Hold It All."

Composition
"Til the End of Time" is composed in the key of B minor with a tempo of 80 beats per minute and a musical time signature of .

Critical reception
Jonathan Andre of 365 Days of Inspiring Media in gave a positive review of the song, comparing the song to "History Maker" by Delirious?, and describing the song as Carnes "Fusing together worship with electronic dance music (as with a lot of his music)... everything is on point—the vocals, singing, the collaboration together as well as the music."

Commercial performance
"Til the End of Time" debuted at No. 50 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart dated July 8, 2017.

Music videos
The lyric video of "Til the End of Time" was published on June 16, 2017, on Cody Carnes' YouTube channel. Cody Carnes released the official music video of "Til the End of Time" on June 30, 2017, on YouTube. Cody Carnes released the acoustic performance video of "Til the End of Time" on June 30, 2017, on YouTube. The live performance video of the song, performed by Cody Carnes and Kari Jobe, was published on October 27, 2017, on Cody Carnes' YouTube channel.

Charts

Release history

References

External links

2017 singles
2017 songs
Contemporary Christian songs
Kari Jobe songs
Cody Carnes songs
Songs written by Cody Carnes


title: Jessica Sutta discography

text:
American singer Jessica Sutta has released two studio albums, and twelve singles, leight as a featured artist and two promotional single. Sutta shelved her first attempt with a debut album, Sutta Pop (2012), but went on to release two studio albums Feline Resurrection (2016) and I Say Yes (2017) and reached four number ones on US Dance Club Songs ("Show Me", "Make It Last", "I'm Gonna Get You" and "Distortion"), becoming the only former The Pussycat Dolls' member to reach the top of an American chart.

Albums

Studio albums

Mixtapes

Singles

As main artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Other appearances

Music videos

References

Pop music discographies
Discographies of American artists


title: Pic du Jer

text:
The Pic du Jer is a summit in the Hautes-Pyrénées.

Located at  metres above the city of Lourdes, it is recognizable by its big cross lit up at night.

Access

The mountain is accessible by funicular, which has been in operation since 1900. It transports passengers up to 950 m high, which follows a  long route, on a slope varying from 27% (right at the beginning) to 56%. The route separates in two in the middle to enable the two trains to pass. It travels through two tunnels and over a viaduct, which can be seen from distance, such as from the route linking Lourdes to Argelès (Argelès-Lourdes direction). The lower station is accessible near the route (indicated by arrows from the southern Lourdes exit roundabout). One can also get to it by bus from the town-centre.

The 15-minute-long journeys  (1.20 m/s) are usually every 30 minutes. The wagons hold 80 passengers (40 seated). From March to September, the funicular operates from 9:30 to 18:30, while only operating afternoons during the rest of the year.

At the higher station, there are several paths leading to the summit. There is a fast food and drink outlet near the station, with terraced benches and wonderful views of Lourdes, the mountain peaks and the surrounding area.

The main path has a few sheltered benches. Near the summit, the quality of the paths reduces considerably, but one can reach the summit without any real difficulty for a fairly fit and agile person. From the observatory, situated on the peak, an exceptional panorama awaits the visitor: Lourdes, the Lavedan and Argelès-Gazost, Tarbes, Lannemezan, Pau and the whole central mountain range of the Pyrenees (with orientation board). However, the observatory is in an abandoned state, as is the rest of the equipment on the summit, but this does not take anything away from the quality of the panorama.

The pic du Jer is also a hiking and climbing stead. The start of a downhill permanent mountain bike slope is at the foot of the station of arrival.

References

Mountains of the Pyrenees
Mountains of Hautes-Pyrénées


title: Shrinkflation

text:
In economics, shrinkflation, also known as the grocery shrink ray, deflation, or package downsizing, is the process of items shrinking in size or quantity, or even sometimes reformulating or reducing quality, while their prices remain the same or increase. The word is a portmanteau of the words shrink and inflation. First usage of the term "shrinkflation" with its current meaning has been attributed to the economist Pippa Malmgren, though the same term had been used earlier by historian Brian Domitrovic to refer to an economy shrinking while also suffering high inflation.

Shrinkflation allows companies to increase their operating margin and profitability by reducing costs whilst maintaining sales volume, and is often used as an alternative to raising prices in line with inflation. Consumer protection groups are critical of the practice.

Economic definition

Shrinkflation is a rise in the general price level of goods per unit of weight or volume, brought about by a reduction in the weight or size of the item sold. The price for one piece of the packaged product remains the same or could even be raised. This sometimes does not affect inflation measures such as the consumer price index or Retail Price Index, i.e. it might not increase in the cost of a basket of retail goods and services, but many indicators of price levels and thus inflation are linked to units of volume or weight of products, so that shrinkflation also affects the statistically represented inflation figures.

Consumer impact
Consumer advocates are critical of shrinkflation because it has the effect of reducing product value by "stealth". The reduction in pack size is sufficiently small as not to be immediately obvious to regular consumers. An unchanged price means that consumers are not alerted to the higher unit price. The practice adversely affects consumers' ability to make informed buying choices. Consumers have been found to be deterred more by rises in prices than by reductions in pack sizes. Suppliers and retailers have been called upon to be upfront with customers. According to Ratula Chakraborty, a professor of business management, they should be legally obliged to notify shoppers when pack sizes have been reduced. Corporate bodies deflect attention from product shrinkage with "less is more" messaging, for example by claiming health benefits of smaller portions or environmental benefits of less packaging.

However, in 2023 the French grocery chain Carrefour has started to warn their customers about these practises.

Instances of shrinkflation

 In 2010, Kraft reduced its 200 g Toblerone bar to 170 g.
 Coffee sold in 1 lb (453.6 g) bags shrank to 400 g or smaller in the 1980s
 Tetley tea bags were sold in boxes of 88 instead of 100.
 Nestlé reduced its After Eight Mint Chocolate Thins box from 200 g to 170 g.
 Cadbury's Crunchie were sold in packs of three instead of four.
 In 2003, Dannon shrunk its yogurt containers from 8 ounces to 6 ounces.
 In January 2009, Häagen-Dazs announced that it would be reducing the size of their ice cream cartons in the US from 16 US fl oz (470 ml) to 14 US fl oz (410 ml).
 Birds Eye potato waffles were reduced from a 12 pack to a 10 pack
 In 2015, Cadbury Fingers removed two fingers from each pack, reducing the weight of a pack from 125 grams to 111 grams.
 In July 2015, a tub of Cadbury Roses which weighed 975 g in 2011, was reduced to under 730 g, while a tub of Cadbury Heroes was reduced 695 g. However the price remained the same at around £9.
 In 2016, Terry's Chocolate Orange was reduced from 175 g to 157 g by changing the moulded shape of each segment to leave an air gap between each piece.
 In 2016, Mondelez International again reduced the size of the UK 170 g Toblerone bar to 150 g, while the 400 g bar was reduced to 360 g. This was done by enlarging the gap between the chocolate triangles.
 In 2017, Milka Alpine Milk and Milka Nuts & Raisins got reduced from 300 g to 270 g while Triolade got reduced from 300 g to 280 g, all without changing the bag size.
 In 2017, McVities reduced the number of Jaffa Cakes in every standard packet from 12 to 10, raising the cost per cake from 9.58 p to 9.9 p
 In 2018, Koopmans reduced the weight of their buckwheat flour packages by 20% from 500 g to 400 g - claiming 'renewed' on the package, without specifying that 'renewed' only meant that less product was provided. It is unknown whether wholesale prices were affected, while it is certain that retail pricing remained exactly the same.
 In 2020, Unilever reduced the size of Ben & Jerry's ice-cream tubs in Europe, going from 500 ml to 465 ml, whilst still retaining the RRP of around 5 euros. Despite this, Unilever has publicly criticized rival ice-cream brands for shrinkflation in the United States, where Ben & Jerry's ice-cream is still sold in pint-sized (473 ml) tubs.
 In 2021, Sainsbury's replaced their 80 g Spicy Thai Crackers with a 40 g packet, but the price was less than halved resulting in a by-weight price increase of over 15%.
 In 2021, General Mills shrunk their family-sized boxes of cereal down from 19.3 ounces to 18.1 ounces. That means the unit cost per ounce of the product has increased, but for the consumer, the average price in the United States remained $2.99.
 In 2022, Procter & Gamble reduced the number of double-ply sheets per roll of toilet paper from 264 to 244 sheets in the 18-count mega package. This amounts to approximately a roll and a half in the 18-count package.
 In 2022, Unilever reduced the size of Dove soap bars from 100 g to 90 g, with most retailers either maintaining the same price or increasing prices.
 Fish fingers were typically sold in packages of 450 g. In recent years several manufacturers switched to offer them in packages of 405 g instead.
 CVS Pharmacy reduced the amount of Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin in their 4 oz Tussin DM cough formulation by half, and then doubled the recommended amount per dosage from 10 ml to 20 ml. The 8 oz bottle remains at previous concentration. The 4 oz bottle is now therapeutically equivalent to one-fourth of the usual 8 oz bottle. The 4oz bottle retails at $1.70/oz and the 8 oz bottle retails at $1.16/oz.
 In 2023, researchers conducted a study on products known to have shrunk in size but not in price. They found that the average reduction percentage of the product sizes was 11.84%, which the researchers then applied to various other products to demonstrate the absurd effect of shrinking product sizes.
 In 2023, Mars, Incorporated reduced the weight of their Whiskas cat food by 15%, reducing the weight of each pouch from 100 g to 85 g. The price of the packs did not change. This was applicable to their 12×100 g, 40×100 g, 80×100 g, and individual products for both the "in jelly" and "in gravy" products.

Skimpflation
In October 2021, NPR's Greg Rosalsky from Planet Money proposed the term skimpflation to refer to a degradation in the quality of services while keeping the price constant, such as a hotel offering a more meager breakfast or reducing the frequency of housekeeping. In 2023 Guardian Money described a number of ingredient changes in British supermarket foods - such as a brand of mayonnaise changing from 9% egg yolk to 6% egg and 1.5% egg yolk - as an example of skimpflation.

See also

 Purchasing power
 Real versus nominal value (economics)
 Deflation
 "The Grocery Shrink Ray"
 Size–weight illusion
  - fake packaging
  - German law to specify prices per 1 kilogramm, 1 litre, 1 cubic metre, 1 metre or 1 square metre for easier comparison - part of PAngV
  (PAngV)

References

External links
 shrinkflation.info A website in Japanese explaining how hundreds of well-known products have been reduced in size, how much have been reduced and when they were reduced.
 The impact of Shrinkflation on the CPIH: January 2012 to June 2017
 Shrinkflation – the economics of stealing from customers

Inflation
Deception
Packaging


title: ŽKK Medveščak

text:
ŽKK Medveščak is a Croatian women's basketball club from Zagreb. It currently plays in First League of Croatia and Adriatic League.

History

Names in history
 1945—194? – Slavija Zagreb
 194?—1949 – Dinamo Zagreb
 1949—195? – Naprijed Zagreb
 195?—19?? – Šalata Zagreb
 19??—1961 – Metalac Zagreb
 1961—currently – Medveščak Zagreb

Honours

Domestic
National Championships – 6

 First League of Croatia:
Winners (6): 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

National Cups – 3

Cup of Croatia:
Winners (5): 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
Runners-up (1): 2009

International
International titles – 0

Adriatic League:
Runners-up (1) : 2016

External links
Official website

Medvescak
Medvescak
Medvescak


title: G. Jagi

text:
G. M. Jagi was an Afghan field hockey player.

Career
Jagi competed at the 1948 Summer Olympic Games and played in two of the three matches in their group.

References

External links

Field hockey players at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Afghan male field hockey players
Year of birth missing
Possibly living people
Olympic field hockey players for Afghanistan


title: Fishguard and Goodwick

text:
Fishguard and Goodwick is the name of a community that wraps around Fishguard Bay, on the northern coast of Pembrokeshire, Wales. It comprises the two towns of Fishguard and Goodwick, with their neighbourhoods of Dyffryn, Harbour Village, Penyraber, Lower Town, and Stop-and-Call. Within the community are two railway stations and Goodwick Ferry Terminal, which is the terminus of the A40 London to Fishguard Trunk Road.

History
The two towns of Goodwick and Fishguard were administered separately until 1934. In that year the Fishguard Urban District and Goodwick Urban District were merged to become Fishguard and Goodwick Urban District. Fishguard and Goodwick Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, with the area becoming part of the district of Preseli Pembrokeshire on 1 April 1974. A community covering the former urban district was established at the same time, with its council taking the name Fishguard and Goodwick Town Council.

Governance

The community has a council called Fishguard and Goodwick Town Council. Three wards elect a total of 14 council members: Goodwick (5), Fishguard North West (4) and Fishguard North East (5). The council elects a mayor on an annual basis from among the elected councillors. The council is based at Fishguard Town Hall in Market Square, Fishguard.

Topography
The three wards take in three areas of habitation, each fronting onto a section Fishguard Bay, a sheltered bay on the north coast of Pembrokeshire, South Wales. The coastline of the bay is entirely within the community boundary. Much of the shoreline has substantial cliffs although the section between the two towns, known as the Parrog, has a wide beach and leads to an area of flat marshland, and the River Gwaun at Lower Town harbour flows from the wooded valley of Cwm Gwaun.

Goodwick ward includes the town of Goodwick on the north-east corner of the bay and Harbour Village alongside the ferry terminal. The north-west side of the bay is dominated by the major Ferry terminal at which the railway and the A40 terminate and from which two ships a day sail to Rosslare Europort, Ireland. Inland from Goodwick are the two settlements of Stop-and Call and Dyfryn. Within the bay itself are two 1 km long breakwaters ensuring safe port moorings, and between the ferry terminal and the outer breakwater is the Fishguard Lifeboat Station. North of the
outer breakwater the community boundary takes in the east coast of Strumble Head including the rocky headland of Pen Anglas. The Parrog is a stretch of seafront and beach facing Fishguard bay, including the 'Ocean Lab' visitor centre, Projecting north-east from the Parrog is the inner breakwater, whilst on the inland side is Goodwick Moor Nature Reserve,  of reed-bed and mire, home to otters and water voles, and managed by the Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales.

Fishguard North West ward has no coastline, occupying the western part of the town of Fishguard south of the A487 and west of Wallis Street. The area includes the south-western half of the historic centre of Fishguard upper town, with significant areas of housing and the Ysgol Bro Gwaun senior school, for which major rebuilding plans were announced at the end of 2015.

Fishguard North East ward includes the other half of the historic upper town core, and an area of 20th-century housing known as Penyraber, beside the cliffs of Saddle Point. It also includes the steep slopes of the Lower Town area and the quayside of the picturesque old harbour. The harbour and Lower Town were the location used by Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor for the 1972 film of Dylan Thomas's Under Milk Wood.  The ward also includes the headland east of the town, where the A487 Fishguard to Bangor Trunk Road runs north-east out of Fishguard with sharp bends and steep gradients as it climbs up to the cliff top near Castle Point.

Protected sites
Within Fishguard and Goodwick community there are a wide variety of protected sites from rocky cliffs and ancient monuments to listed buildings and three conservation areas.

Geology SSSI

The cliffs either side of Fishguard Lower Town harbour are an SSSI notable for its geology. From Saddle Point on the western side, round to Castle Point on the eastern headland, the geology has legal protection because of its notable Ordovician pillow lava, in which the Llanvirn series is well demonstrated. Many of the rocks of Pembrokeshire have their origins some 460 million years ago in vast volcanic outpourings of ash and tuff, and more rarely flows of lava, which, as here, cooled into a number of pillow formations.

National Park
Although the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park includes almost all of the coastline, it has three gaps, of which one is Fishguard and Goodwick. Most of the Community is excluded from National Park jurisdiction. Several lengths of the Community boundary are also the boundary to the National Park, both to east and west. Only two small areas of the Community are within the National Park, these being: the Castle point headland north of the A487 to the east; and the northwest end of the community along the Pen Anglas headland of Strumble Head. For these areas, the Park is the legal Planning Authority, unlike the rest of the Community, for which Pembrokeshire County Council has that responsibility.

Scheduled Monuments

There are three scheduled monuments in the community. Two chambered tomb sites are prehistoric, and the Old Castle is a post-medieval site:-
Garn Wen Burial Chambers; A line of four Chambered tombs forming a neolithic cemetery on the hillside above the ferry terminal at   A nearby car park amongst the housing estate provides an access to the footpath that runs past them.
Pen-Rhiw Burial Chamber: A neolithic Cromlech with a large capstone in a grassy field north of Pen-rhiw farm, west of Goodrick at , (SM942390)
Castle Point Old Fort, , (SM961378) was built in 1780s amidst fears of Napoleonic invasion. It now has a selection of canons housed on the ramparts.

Listed buildings

Two buildings within the community are listed grade II*.
Plas Glyn-y-Mel is a country house (subsequently a hotel) built in 1797–1799 for Richard Fenton, a Pembrokeshire historian and poet. The house stands at the south end of Glyn-y-Mel Road in Lower Town.
Herman Baptist Church is the earliest known Welsh example of a wide arch breaking into an open pediment - a feature that came to dominate non-conformist chapel facades across Wales by the mid-19th century. This facade also features four Doric pillars over a central porch. The chapel was built in 1832, designed by either Daniel Evans or his father David Evans of Fishguard. The interior is also substantially from 1832, with three-sided gallery, wooden pillars and box-pews. The Chapel stands on the south side of High Street

There are also 161 grade II listed buildings across the two towns, including shops, houses, Churches, inns and public buildings. The largest density of these is in Fishguard town centre, which has 112, particularly along the Market Square and Main Street, Hill Terrace, Tower Hill and Hamilton Street, with another heavy cluster along High Street and West Street. It includes several terraces on Park Street and Nottipass Street. The Lime kilns on The Slade and farm buildings at Maesgwynne are also listed. In Fishguard Lower Town there are a further 35 grade II buildings, mostly harbour-side cottages, clustered around Quay Street, Bridge Street, Newport Road and Glyn-y-mel Road. In Goodwick there are 14 listed buildings, particularly in the centre, including the Lifeboat memorial, Institute, two churches and several houses and cottages.

Conservation Areas
This community has 3 of Pembrokeshire's 24 Conservation areas. These afford a wide-area protection for the special character of an area, regulating the building construction and alterations within the protected area and influencing the landscaping of outdoor spaces. The three areas match closely to the three historic settlement cores, and to the clusterings of the listed buildings. All three conservation areas were first drawn up in 1976, had a revision in 1992 and an appraisal in 2016.

Lower Town Fishguard Conservation Area: Lower Town is thought to be oldest of the three settlements, growing up around the old harbour. The 2016 conservation area appraisal affirms the maritime history and coastal landscape as key significant features, and the resulting narrow streets, quayside buildings, constrained building plots and separation from the rest of Fishguard give it the picturesque value that the conservation area management plan seeks to protect and enhance. The conservation area is  and covers the quay and hillside to the north, along the Gwaun valley, and adjoins the Fishguard Conservation Area where the main road climbs up from lower to upper town

Fishguard Conservation Area (upper town): The special characteristics identified in the 2016 appraisal included the dramatic coastal setting, the mix of buildings from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the marketplace with radial streets, historic shop fronts, narrow streets and alleyways and the extreme topography separating the upper and lower towns. The town had a medieval origin and Norman castle, but its prosperity increased as fishing and coastal trade increased through the 17th and 18th centuries. The sheltered harbour served both trading vessels and those travelling to Ireland, and allowed ancillary industries such as boatbuilding and rope-making to thrive, and the townscape retains many elements from that period of prosperity.  of the historic core of the town and the former industrial area of The Slade, leading down to the shoreline, are included in the conservation area.

Goodwick Conservation Area: Goodwick as a settlement saw its period of growth into a town later than Fishguard. Although a maritime history and coastal setting are noted as significant in defining its special character, it is the period of late 19th- and early-20th-century growth that defines the town's character. With the 1906 arrival of the railway, and the use of Goodwick Harbour for trans-Atlantic liners, Goodwick had a fashionable heyday in the Edwardian period, and the Victorian and Edwardian shops are identified as being key parts of Goodwick's character. The Conservation Area covers  including the town centre and the residential streets on the hillside northwest of the railway and ferry terminal.

See also
List of Scheduled Monuments in Pembrokeshire
Stena Line

References

Communities in Pembrokeshire


title: Dick Block

text:
Dick Block is a historic commercial building located at North Tonawanda in Niagara County, New York.  It was built in 1891 and is a three-story, three bay, red brick building in the Romanesque Revival style. It features rounded windows and arches, rusticated stone detailing, and ornamental brickwork.  The first floor storefronts were modernized about 1946, when the building was occupied by the Witkop and Holmes Company furniture store.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Commercial buildings completed in 1891
Romanesque Revival architecture in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Niagara County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Niagara County, New York


title: Sydney University Cricket Club

text:
Sydney University Cricket Club is a cricket club associated with the University of Sydney that plays predominately in the NSW Premier Cricket competition.  It was founded in 1864.

History
Teams representing the University of Sydney first played in the 1853-54 season. The club was founded in 1864 and joined the Sydney Grade Cricket competition in its inaugural season in 1893. Its first Grade Cricket match was against Glebe Cricket Club at Wentworth Park in 1893.

Records
The record for most runs in a 1st grade season for SUCC is held by G J Mail, with 1266 runs in the 2009-10 season.  The record for most wickets in a 1st grade season for SUCC is held by R J A Massie, with  69 wickets in the 1913-14 season.

Notable Players
Australian Test players who have played for Sydney University Cricket Club include Tom Garrett, Sammy Jones,  Johnny Taylor, John Dyson, Beau Casson, Greg Matthews, Stuart Clark, Stuart MacGill and Ed Cowan. Test players Imran Khan of Pakistan, William Sommerville of New Zealand and Kevin Pietersen of England have also played for the club. So does Phoebe Litchfield's brother.

Australia's first prime minister Edmund Barton played cricket for Sydney University Cricket Club.

In popular culture
The club has gained worldwide exposure due to its acronym, SUCC. This acronym is amusing to many involved in "meme culture", since the neologism "succ" has therein acquired an association with fellatio.

See also

References

Sydney Grade Cricket clubs
Cricket clubs established in 1864
1864 establishments in Australia
University and college sports clubs in Australia
Sport at the University of Sydney


title: Dahuofang Water Tunnel

text:
The Dahuofang Water Tunnel (), located in Liaoning Province, China is an  tunnel eight meters in diameter which provides water from the Dahuofang Reservoir to the cities of Shenyang, Fushun, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin, Yingkou, and Dalian. , it is the third longest tunnel in the world. Boring of the tunnel began in September 2006, was completed in April 2009, and cost 5.2 billion yuan (about $750 million).

See also
 South–North Water Transfer Project

References

Tunnels


title: Ghar Shrimantacha

text:
Ghar Shrimantacha is a Marathi theater play starring Sudhir Joshi, Aasha Kale, Atul Parchure, Neelam Shirke and Shekhar Fadke in leading roles. It portrays the life a middle class Marathi family.

Plot

The play takes us through the life of a middle class Maharashtrian family, the Kulkarnis. Mr. Kulkarni (Sudhir Joshi), his wife Neela (Aasha Kale) and their children Prashant (Shekhar Fadke) and Seema (Neelam Shirke) stay in a rented apartment. The family own 10 Shaligrams. They are not from a well to do family. They get to know that one of the Shaligram stone has a gem inside it. They sell it to earn 6 Lakh rupees, which improves the financial condition.

The children propose to sell the remaining Shaligrams to earn more money. Kulkarni agrees to get the stones verified from the local goldsmith, but Neela apposes it as the Shaligrams are sacred stones.

This competition of money versus tradition leads to a tiff in the family. The play depicts how the tiff is solved by the parents in a playful and light manner.

References

Indian plays
Marathi-language plays