title: 2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election

text:
A series of rounds in the Lebanese presidential election were held from 23 April 2014 until 31 October 2016. No candidate reached a two-thirds majority vote in the first round, and subsequent rounds failed to gain a quorum. Finally, in the second round of the forty-sixth session held on 31 October 2016, Michel Aoun, a Member of Parliament and formerly a disputed Prime Minister and Acting President in a rival government near the end of the Lebanese Civil War, was elected with 83 votes in Parliament. He took office the same day as the 13th President of Lebanon since independence in 1943.

Background

Prior to the formation of the Salam government, the main consideration was carrying out the presidential election, which

would precede the parliamentary election and a new electoral law. This follows an impasse between the March 14 Alliance and the March 8 Alliance. The Future Movement's former prime minister and parliamentary leader Fouad Siniora had started the process of discussion for the election prior to the government's formation. In regards to the political instability, Speaker Nabih Berri said: "In order to assure [March 14 groups] that our intentions are good, we do not mind holding the presidential election from now. Subsequently, there will no problem over the formation of a [new] government".

In accordance with the consociational power sharing agreement, the Taif Accord, the president of the country must be from the Maronite community, currently independent Michel Suleiman; while the prime minister is Sunni, currently independent Tammam Salam, and the parliamentary speaker is Shia, currently 8 March and Amal movement's Nabih Berri. In addition, the deputy speaker of parliament and the deputy prime minister in Lebanon must be Greek Orthodox.

Candidates
Possible candidates included Michel Aoun, Suleiman Frangieh, Jr., Samir Geagea, Jean Obeid, Riad Salameh, Jean Kahwaji, Boutros Harb, Robert Ghanem, Henri Helou, and Ziad Baroud. Maronite Patriarch Beshara Rai could be influential in the decision. Nadine Moussa was also said to be a possible candidate, making her the first woman for the role. Jumblatt also called for the return of Saad Hariri, who was in self-imposed exile, in order to "head an all-embracing cabinet to avert further tension and crises." Geagea added that he would remain in the race "until the end." He also noted that it was in the interests of the country to have a strong state and strong leader.

Process
A parliamentary committee formed by Berri was due to give him their results of their discussions. This includes points such as the intention of MPs from both 8 and 14 March to attend the parliamentary session to elect a new president and that there was no desire from any party for a constitutional amendment but that an election should be held on time. It also highlighted Rai's role in hailing Berri’s efforts to make a conducive atmosphere for the election.

Results
On 25 May 2014, Suleiman's term ended without a successor, leading to a political vacuum. In the interim, Prime Minister Tamaam Salam's government assumed presidential duties.

First session
With a first round victory requiring two-thirds of MPs, or 86 votes, on 23 April Samir Geagea received 48 votes, Henri Helou 16 votes and Amine Gemayel 1 vote, with 52 votes blank and seven void. The void votes were for candidates who were no longer alive. As all the MPs left after the vote, there was no quorum to hold the second round, which needed only an absolute majority of votes.

In reaction, the Carnegie Middle East Center's Mario Abou Zeid said:,"Things could develop fairly quickly [today] to either bring certain names to the fore or distance certain names from running, and that needs to be closely watched. Lebanese resistance group Hezbollah is a key player in deciding who gets elected as president. It's not in their best interest at all to have a kind of president that might go against... their intervention in the Syrian conflict." Habib Malik, associate professor of history at Lebanese American University, added: "Things could develop fairly quickly [today] to either bring certain names to the fore or distance certain names from running, and that needs to be closely watched. Most likely, in traditional Lebanese fashion, a non-descript figure will emerge and will be touted as a reconciliatory, unifying figure." He suggested former MP and foreign minister Jean Obeid, who was said to be close to both Saudi Arabia and Syria.

Later sessions
Jumblatt suggested that there may not be a quorum for the expected second round vote. It was scheduled for 30 April, with a third round for 15 May and a fourth round for 22 May. A lack of quorum, however, stopped the elections.

Following Hezbollah and FPM's boycott of the four previous sessions to choose a president, the FPM said that it would not attend the fifth session at the end of May unless an agreement over a consensus candidate is made. The round was then aborted. The sixth attempt, on 9 June, also failed for a lack of a quorum after FPM and Hezbollah maintained their boycott. The session was attended by a new low of 64 MPs, notably PSP leader Walid Jumblatt missed this session, which was his first during the process. The Daily Star suggested that, instead, the main interest on the day was a salary increase for MPs. The eighth round similarly failed to achieve a quorum, and a ninth round was scheduled for 23 July. Similarly, the ninth round failed to attain a quorum while Lebanese Forces MP Strida Geagea said she held rival Christian MPs responsible for the failure to elect a president Berri's spokesman, Mohammad Ballout, read out a statement saying that the election was canceled "over lack of quorum." Berri set 2 September as the date for the next vote. Thirty minutes after the session began there were only 57 MPs present while Berri and Salaam were absent. Hezbollah MP Ali Fayyad reiterated that "the political stance on the presidential election has not changed. What is required is an agreement among the political parties on a conciliatory candidate for the presidency." Once again, the 11th round failed or a lack of quorum with only 50 of 86 necessary MPs present. Berri postponed the election to 9 October over a lack of quorum. The 13th round failed as well for lack of quorum, after only about 58 of the minimum 86 MPs were present. Berri set the 14th round for 29 October. The 15th round also failed for lack of quorum with Berri setting 10 December for the next round. The 27th round failed on 12 August 2015, with the next round set for 2 September. The 34th round failed on 16 December 2015, with the next round set for 7 January. The 35th round failed on 7 January 2016, with the next round set for 8 February. The 36th round failed on 8 February 2016, with the next round set for 2 March. The 37th round failed on 2 March 2016, with the next round set for 23 March. The 38th round failed on 23 March 2016, with the next round set for 18 April. The 39th round failed on 18 April 2016, with the next round set for 10 May. The 44th round failed on 7 September 2016, with the next round set for 28 September.

Forty-sixth session
After obtaining enough voting pledges for Michel Aoun, Speaker Berri announced that an elective sitting would be held on 31 October 2016. Widespread acclamation ensued in the country, as the sitting would mark the end of the presidential vacuum.

All 127 MPs attended the sitting. The session started on 12 AM. The first round failed by a very narrow margin of 2 votes, as a two-thirds majority, 86 votes, would have been required for a win. There were 84 votes cast for Michel Aoun, one vote for MP Gilberte Zwein, and one invalid vote for pop star Myriam Klink.

Subsequent rounds required an absolute majority, 64 votes, for a win. The second round was rejected immediately because there were 128 votes in the urn, but only 127 MPs.

The third round was held at around 1 PM and failed similarly to the second round after MP Sami Gemayel contested Berri's decision to count the votes without requiring the total number to be valid.

The voting in the fourth round was done by placing the urn under surveillance by Antoine Zahra and Marwan Hamadeh to prevent double voting. This resulted in the successful election of MP Michel Aoun after receiving 83 votes. MP Sethrida Tawk and Zorba the Greek received one vote each.

Other satirical votes included the statements "Cedar Revolution at your service" and "Legitimate or illegitimate session?"

Result

*The interim sessions failed to achieve a quorum on their first round.

**The first and second attempt at the second round were cancelled because there were more votes than present MPs.

Domestic developments
Free Patriotic Movement's MP Michel Aoun said that he would insist on holding the parliamentary election on schedule if Future Movement's Saad Hariri did not support his candidacy for the presidency or if a new president will not be elected before September. Geagea challenged Aoun to run against him or move to a "plan B" that would enable a consensual candidate that is not considered partisan as being from either of the two political alliances, which, in addition to the two, are Phalange's Amine Gemayel and Marada Movement's Suleiman Frangieh.

After the sixth round of voting failed, Lebanese Democratic Party leader Talal Arslan suggested that the president should be directly elected by the people. In doing so, he said: "The presidential crisis is a major insult to the Lebanese nation.  The only way to save the nation and restore respect to the presidency is by holding the election directly by the people." Lebanese Forces MP Antoine Zahra added that Geagea remained the party's candidate and asked: "Do those who are obstructing the session and violating the constitution know that their right to [be] absent from the sessions drops in light of [a] presidential void?" At the same time, Geagea added: "The Lebanese people should address the lawmakers that they elected who are obstructing quorum and question the motives behind their action." Outgoing President Michel Suleiman added: "It is not right to accuse the foreign community of obstructing the presidential election while we are setting preconditions and counter-conditions for the features of the new president. Let us keep the foreign community away from the presidential election and take part in the parliamentary session to vote for a new president."

Lebanon's Grand Mufti Sheikh Mohammed Rashid Qabbani said on 27 June that the "[Presidential void] opens the door for a looseness in security, and invites those who [are willing to] do Lebanon harm. [It] is an abnormal situation that we should attempt to terminate it immediately."

In the first week of July and in response to Aoun's call for direct popular presidential elections, as well as an electoral draft law to allow each sect to choose its own representatives, Geagea told al-Joumhouria: "Aoun hasn’t proposed a serious initiative. He made a media stir to pressure the Lebanese parties into electing him a president. There is a need for amendments to carry out the presidential polls properly but these changes can be proposed only after the elections." Aoun's proposal would entail Christians voting in a first round and the top two candidates then running in a national election. Geagea's further response included: "The goal of putting forward a constitutional amendment is to divert attention from the presidential election."

Amidst the ninth round, Zahra called on MPs to elect a new president when Speaker Nabih Berri called for a session to express solidarity with Gaza during Operation Protective Edge and Christians in Mosul during 2014 Northern Iraq offensive. Zahra said "If two thirds of MPs were present to attend tomorrow’s session, then they should be able elect a new president. Refraining from doing so would be a violation of the constitution and an attempt to make people get used to not having a president."

Future Movement leader Saad Hariri's return from self-imposed exile in Saudi Arabia in August was hailed by some MPs as the impetus needed to break the stalemate. 14 March MP Jean Ogasapian said Hariri "is expected to make tangible progress in the presidential election." However, Geagea praised Hariri's return as "positive," but that his presence in Lebanon "will not change anything in terms of the presidential election because it’s not March 14 that is disrupting the election; it’s the other [political] team." Hariri reiterated: "We can’t accept the continuity of the presidential void. No parliamentary elections will take place before we hold presidential elections." He further noted that in the event of a continued stalemate, he would support the extension of the parliamentary mandate in order to avoid a void in state institutions. Just before he had met Jumblatt, who said Hariri's "presence in Lebanon is an essential factor in solving the country’s grave problems. The Arab world is threatened and there is general chaos but in the presence of Saad Hariri and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there is an umbrella protecting Lebanon...it isn’t enough to acknowledge the protective umbrella, we, as concerned parties, should also reinforce and support stabilizing the state." He maintained his support for Helou because he was "a model for moderation. The moment we let go of Helou (as a candidate), we lose the line of centrism and moderation." He further condemned the paralysis of all state institutions and warned of a replication of the Iraqi crisis in the country.

Prior to the 10th round, Amine Gemayel said the country needs a president who would inspire confidence across all factions and would be able to defend the country’s interest internationally. He further noted that politicians and spiritual leaders needed to help end the stalemate. Berri also said he was in talks with Jumblatt to break the deadlock and added that "with every day that passes [without a solution], the presidential crisis becomes more complicated." After the 11th round, Bechara Boutros al-Rahi said: "Depriving us from a president is a stab in the core of our dignity and [a betrayal to] the values of Lebanon. We suffer from a lot of corruption in the administration, including bribery, embezzlement and waste of public resources."

After the 12th round, Berri said: "I am afraid that resolving this obstacle currently requires external intervention unfortunately." Lebanese Forces MP George Adwan said parliamentary action was required to hold the upcoming parliamentary election. "Do the people know that if we do not modify two articles in the electoral law, the appeals against the election would automatically become legitimate and we will not have elections?" He also rejected accusations that he was advocating an extension of parliament's term. The PSP spokesman Rami Rayyes announced:The Democratic Gathering bloc headed by Jumblatt holds on to its presidential candidate Henry Helou. We would save more time when the concerned parties are convinced that compromise is the only option. But unfortunately this doesn’t happen, making prospects dim for [early] presidential elections.

On the eve of the 13th round, Berri said he supported Hariri's stance that a parliamentary election needs to be preceded by the presidential election. After the 13th failure, Geagea accused Hezbollah and FPM of aborting successive attempts alleging: "More than three months have passed without a president, impacting our sovereignty, economy and political situation and placing the whole country in limbo." Berri also suggested that the Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon could destabilise the country under a vacuum. "If the Lebanese remain united, then they (terrorists) will not be able to achieve much." Berri reiterated that the presidential outcome must be finalised before a parliamentary election. Rai warned from Canberra where he was meeting with Eastern church leaders, that Lebanon should not get used to the absence of a Christian president. Lebanese Kataeb MP Elie Marouni added that the country was being destroyed in the vacuum; it comes a few months after he said Hariri's plan for a parliamentary electoral law could be in place shortly after a new president was chosen and that in regards to the candidates the country's needed Gemayel's "wisdom."

The 15th round again fail to achieve a result for lack of a quorum after only 54 of 128 MPs were present. Berri set a new date for 19 November. As a result, parliament was due to vote the following week on extending its mandate by two years and seven months with a bill proposed by MP Nicolas Fattoush. Parties from both alliances have spoken out against the motion, including FPM, Kataeb and Lebanese Forces. Though Berri was initially opposed to motion, he changed his mind after the Future Movement said it would boycott a parliamentary election scheduled for 16 November in the absence of a president. This follows an extension of the parliamentary mandate by 17 months last year. Rai also reacted to the failure in saying it was time to use the "stick" and that "both political factions are waiting to see who is victorious: Sunnis or Shiites, Iran or Saudi Arabia, the regime in Syria or the opposition." Geagea, for his part, added that the failure was tantamount to "overthrowing the Lebanese political system" and would have dire consequences for the country, in particular the Christians. He also called for putting pressure on Hezbollah and Aoun to reach a deal saying that the latter's ambitions had left the country with a vacuum. He further criticised the proposed extension as the "greatest current fraud operation." Gemayel also met Aoun at his residence in Rabieh to discuss the deadlock, describing it as "excellent. If we don’t meet in these circumstances, when will we meet? We tried to convince Aoun to go down with us to a parliamentary session to elect a president, but he was not convinced. Maybe next time." Marada's Sleiman Frangieh said: "The president will remain a Maronite, so why is the vacancy being taken negatively. There is a Christian agreement over rejecting a weak president. Christians today prefer a void over a weak president and this is a positive thing." He also praised Hariri for his moderate stand in regard to the north Lebanon clashes in relation to the Syrian civil war. Amidst suggestions to have a tri-partite power-sharing formula (as in Bosnia - tri-partite: Maronite, Shia, Sunni), Rai, who was visiting Australia, also added "MPs did not elect a president, because they are waiting for a signal from certain states. A dangerous thing is happening now, which I did not believe before could happen, which is that they [certain MPs] want a conference to reconsider Lebanon as an entity and they want a tripartite power-sharing formula. I say that we will not accept a tripartite power-sharing formula or any conference [to reconsider the Lebanese political system]."

International reaction
Prior to the sixth round, the United Nations Security Council issued a statement that read: "The Council urges the Parliament to uphold Lebanon’s longstanding democratic tradition and to work to ensure that presidential elections take place as soon as possible and without external interference." It follows Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's comments four days earlier expressing regret over a failure to elect a new president and calling for a new one "without delay." Similarly, the International Support Group for Lebanon (ISGL) called for strong work amongst national leaders to quickly elect a new president, while also saying the Tammam Salam government needed to remain functional. U.N. Special Coordinator for Lebanon Derek Plumbly said: "We underline again that there is no international impediment to [holding the presidential election]. On the contrary, while the process must remain a purely Lebanese one, Lebanon’s friends within the international community stand ready to offer Lebanon every possible encouragement and support at this time."

On a visit surprise to Beirut in early June, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called for the speedy election of a president. A delegation from the Holy See also visited the country in the end of June to meet with Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi. They were scheduled to discuss the election amid rumours that the latter was planning a trip to other countries to try and resolve the impasse over the election.

After the failure of the 11th round, Plumbly said he "stress[es] the importance of preserving Lebanon’s values of democracy, moderation and pluralism, and the institutions of the state which enshrine them" and he has solidarity with the institutions of the state that he claimed were "held hostage by violent extremist groups." The year-old ISGL was also focusing on the election.

On the sidelines of the opening of the sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly, the ISGL issued a statement that read there is still an international umbrella protecting Lebanon. In regards to the election, an unnamed diplomatic source said the solution lay with Lebanese officials. International players would limit their work to getting influential countries to pressure their allies to facilitate electing a president but that the deadlock was less complicated than the Syrian or regional conflicts. Saudi Arabia said a US$3 billion grant for arms, signed along with France, was pending approval after the election of a new president to get assurances Hezbollah would not benefit.

French Ambassador Patrice Paoli said that a new president was needed who had strong ties with the variety of political parties and that his country maintained an open dialogue with all groups, including the Western-banned Hezbollah. "Officials should get together to discuss the presidential paralysis and choose a person for the post, and the strong president is the one who has strong relationships with all parties." Former colonial power France, with the backing of the U.S., was said to be in talks with Iran over resolving the deadlock.

References

2014
2014 elections in Asia
2015 elections in Asia
2016 elections in Asia
2014 in Lebanon
2015 in Lebanon
2016 in Lebanon
October 2016 events in Lebanon
April 2014 events in Lebanon
Michel Aoun


title: Catur Rintang

text:
Catur Rintang Heni Setiawan (born 16 May 1988) is an Indonesian former footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Career

Persijap Jepara
He played since 2009 for Persijap Jepara.

External links

 Player profil at goal.com

1987 births
Living people
People from Jepara
Indonesian men's footballers
Indonesian Premier Division players
Liga 1 (Indonesia) players
Persijap Jepara players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Central Java


title: Leonor de La Guerra

text:
Leonor de La Guerra y Vega Ramírez (died 1816) was a Venezuelan protester against the Spanish Colonial administration during the Venezuelan War of Independence.   Despite being whipped 200 times by Spanish soldiers, Leonor refused to name her fellow sympathizers or renounce her beliefs.

Biography
Born in Cumaná, Leonor was the daughter of Luis Beltrán de la Guerra, councilman, attorney and trustee. Her mother was Rosa Ramirez Valderrín Antonia. She had at least two brothers, Luis Guerra Ramírez de la Vega, and Vega Ramirez. She married Joseph Tinedo by whom she had a daughter, Francisca Antonia.

On one day in 1816, Leonor peered out her window wearing a blue hair ribbon, blue being the color of the separatist forces.  She was arrested by Spanish forces.  Colonel Juan Aldama threatened Leonor with torture if she did not recant her political convictions and reveal fellow sympathizers.  Leonor refused.

From a young age, she supported the cause of independence. Like her father, she is remembered for her act of rebellion against the royal forces, wearing a blue ribbon in her hair, which was the symbol used by the separatist forces. It ultimately cost her her life. For punishment, Leonor was paraded through Cumaná on a donkey while receiving 200 lashes. Around every corner, she was admonished to give in, to which she always replied "Viva la Patria, death to the tyrants!"  After fainting, Leonor was taken home. From then on, she refused food and medical care. Leonor died in Cumaná later in 1816.

The school Unidad Educativa Leonor de la Guerra in Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, is named in her honor.

References

Year of birth missing
1816 deaths
People from Cumaná
Women in the Venezuelan War of Independence


title: Closing pin

text:
A closing pin is a curved piece of stainless steel metal used in the sport of skydiving. The pin is sewn onto the bridle, which is a 7- to 10-foot-long piece of nylon webbing connected to the pilot chute. The closing pin passes through the closing loop and in doing so, secures the main container of a skydiving rig, keeping the parachute from deploying prematurely. When the pilot chute is thrown out by the skydiver and catches air, it pulls the closing pin from the closing loop and allows the main parachute to be released from the container and inflate.

Fashion
Because the closing pin is seen by many skydivers as a life-saving piece of equipment, it has become a symbol of the sport for those who have experienced only one tandem jump and also for those who have hundreds and thousands of jumps. The closing pin is often worn as a piece of jewelry on necklaces and bracelets. It is also a popular tattoo among skydivers. Used as a fashion accessory, the closing pin serves as a symbol – allowing skydivers to recognize one another and their mutual love of the sport.

References

External links

Parachuting
Military sports
Air sports


title: Portland Woolen Mills

text:
The Portland Woolen Mills were a wool textile manufacturer in the St. Johns neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. By 1950, they had become the largest wool manufacturer west of Cleveland, Ohio. The origins of the factory started in Sellwood in 1901 but after a fire destroyed the mill two years later owners decided to rebuild in St. Johns. Portland Woolen Mills offered several worker programs including baseball, basketball and bowling teams; a cafeteria and a library.

Labor disputes started during the 1934 textile workers strike when Portland Woolen Mills employees walked-off the job for two days. Two years later works held a strike and were granted representation by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) labor union. The factory filled contracts for the United States Federal Government during much of its history, primarily making blankets for the armed forces. For their work in producing blankets during World War II, the Portland Woolen Mills won an Army-Navy "E" Award. The factory closed in 1960 after almost 59 years of service.

History

Founded in Sellwood, Oregon, in 1901, the Portland Woolen Mills relocated to the town of St. Johns in 1904 after a fire destroyed their old factory. Their old factory was a total loss, costing them US$150,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation).  The property the new factory was on consisted of four buildings over five acres of land. The main factory was a 100 ft. by 200 ft. brick and concrete two-story. Other buildings on the site included a 45 ft. by 50 ft. boiler and engine room and a 40 ft. by 100 ft. wool weaving warehouse. The total cost of the new St. Johns plant was US$600,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation). The company reportedly turned a US$300,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation) profit in 1906. In 1911, a female worker was critically injured when she got caught in a belt which caused her to be hit in the head by the machinery.

At its inception, the mill could produce 1,500 yards of wool per day. By 1913, that number was nearly 60,000 yards per day. During a large town-wide fire in 1905, the Portland Woolen Mills suffered US$300 worth (US$ adjusted for inflation) of damage. In 1913, the mill constructed a new 80 ft. by 200 ft. building on the site which cost US$600,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation). Vents in the roof were added to the entire building during the renovations. Lewis I. Thompson was the architect who designed the new building. During this time, the company decided to install a cafeteria and library for their employees. The renovations allowed management to add 500 new workers which doubled their overall productivity.

A fire broke out in the factory in March 1914 causing US$600,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation). In 1917, the plant reported a US$700,000 (US$ adjusted for inflation) profit. Several orders came in that year from automobile manufacturers who were using wool upholstery in their vehicles.  The rebuilding began a few days after the disaster. During World War I, the Portland Woolen Mills were contracted to manufacture clothing and blankets for the United States Armed Forces. They also bid on contracts for Russian soldiers on the Eastern Front. When the war was dying down, production at the plant dropped after demand started to curtail. After failing to meet increasing demand in 1919, the woolen mills added 150 new employees to rectify the issue.

During World War II, the United States federal government granted the Portland Woolen Mills contracts for wool blankets. In 1943, the factory won an Army-Navy "E" Award for their production. By 1950, the Portland Woolen Mills had become the largest wool manufacturer in the United States west of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1951, the Portland Woolen Mills won a US$200,000 contract for the United States Armed Forces. From its 1935 to 1952, the Portland Woolen Mills were led by executive director Charles H. Carter, who died two years after his retirement. His son Charles H. Carter, Jr. succeed him in that position. In  1960, the Portland Woolen Mills announced it would cease operations. At the time of the closure, the factory employed 100 people. Carter cited increasing production costs due to foreign competition as the reason he closed the mill.

Employee activities

In 1907, the Portland Woolen Mills management donated US$300 (US$ adjusted for inflation) to buy books for the new St. Johns library. In 1921, management put on a melodrama play for their employees entitled The Fruit of His Folly by playwright Arthur Lewis Tubbs. A bowling team of Portland Woolen Mills workers was organized in 1916. They played in a league which featured other St. Johns clubs and businesses. The Portland Woolen Mills organized a baseball team for their workers in the 1920s. They played in a league with different companies and town teams including Standard Oil and Camas, Washington. In the mid-1920s, the Portland Woolen mills organized a basketball team who played in a city-wide league.

Labor disputes
A case brought by female Portland Woolen Mills employees to the Oregon Industrial Welfare Commission in 1919 argued that they should not have to work longer than 8-hour days for a maximum of 48 hours a week. Management countered with a 10-hour a day limit, but the commission sided with the workers by restricting the hours female employees could work per their request. In 1920, management threatened to temporarily close the plant after demand diminished. However, workers negotiated for the payroll to be cut by nine percent to keep the factory open.

One-hundred workers for the Portland Woolen Mils walked off the job in September 1934 in solidarity with textile workers who had been striking across the United States. The walk-out had little effect as workers returned to their positions in the factory after two days. Two years later, workers had a three-week strike which was successful in getting them represented by a labor union.  A three-week-long series of protests involving 500 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) employees of the Portland Woolen Mills, a contract was agreed upon and full productivity was returned.

See also
 Pendleton Woolen Mills

References

Bibliography

External links
Images and information available at PDXHistory.com

Clothing manufacturers
Textile mills in the United States
Companies based in Portland, Oregon
Defunct companies based in Oregon
Manufacturing companies established in 1901
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1960
1901 establishments in Oregon
1960 disestablishments in Oregon
Buildings and structures in St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
Companies based in St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
Privately held companies based in Oregon
Woollen mills


title: Gustaf Britsch

text:
Gustaf Adolf Britsch (11 August 1879 – 27 October 1923) was an early 20th-century German art theorist and the founder of Gustaf Britsch Institute in Starnberg, Germany.

Life
Gustaf Britsch was born into a middle-class Swabian family of teachers. He left his family early. He first studied architecture at the University of Stuttgart and worked as an architect in Stuttgart. Then he enrolled in 1906 at the Munich University of Philosophy and studied with Hans Cornelius and Theodor Lipps. He created theories to the understanding of art by early 1907, which were received by Adolf von Hildebrand and Konrad Fiedler. In 1909 he founded in Florence the "Institute of Theoretical and Applied Art Studies". In 1910, he was encouraged by Cornelius to publish his theories. He moved back to Munich in 1911 and in 1912 opened the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Arts Science again on Theresa Street in Schwabing. In 1913 he spoke at the Congress of Aesthetics and General Art Studies in Berlin. Together with his student Egon Kornmann he represented a highly regarded school of thought about children's artistic development, which found its way into art education programs in Germany. These theories were also contradictory to others, such as Richard Mund.

After Britschs' death, Kornmannn continued the Gustaf Britsch Institute in Starnberg. He also married Britschs' widow Louise, and clarified with her Britschs' designs and theories. So the Starnberger Kornmann-Britsch-circle (also Britsch-Kormann School) was founded, which employed art teacher Hans Herrmann. Kornmann was editor in the 1930s of the magazine The Shape.

Gustaf Britsch Institute
The Gustaf Britsch Institute for Art Research (also known as: Institute of Theoretical and Applied Arts Science; School of Fine Arts Starnberg; private art school Britsch-Kornmann; Gustaf Britsch Institute for comparative viewing art) existed from 1912 in Munich and then from about 1920 to about 1967 in a fashionable villa on Prinzenweg 13 in Starnberg, headed by Egon and Louise Kornmann.

Numerous international artists and art teachers were trained and employed for decades, such as:
 1912–1915 Arnold Clementschitsch
 1920 Fritz von Graevenitz
 1921/1925 Hermann Mayrhofer
 1925 Martin Seitz (Schüler von Josef Wackerle)
 1925–1929 Gerhard Gollwitzer
 1926 Rudolf Conrad Erich Allwardt
 1934 Irina Alexandrowna Borchman
 1939 Richard Lackner
 1943 Hans Grünseis

Works
Britsch published art theoretical essays, which were created in part by Gustaf Britsch Institute Starnberg as teaching material:

 Gustaf Britsch: Theory of Fine Art (edited by Egon Kornmann), 1926
 Gustaf Britsch: Theory of Fine Arts. 4 Edition, Verlag Henn, Ratingen 1966

Literature
 Otfried Contactor: Britsch and Kornmann. Quellenkundliche studies on the theory of the visual arts; Königshausen and Neumann. Würzburg, 1993.
 Gustaf Britsch: Fonts. Fragments on art theory in the early 20th Century. In 1981.  .
 Egon Kornmann: Britsch, Gustav Adolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, , p 618 ( digitized ).

Notes

References

Further reading
 Marie-Luise Dietl: Children painting: To use the color at the end of primary school. Waxmann, 2004.  . (P. 48-55)
 Egon Kornmann (ed.): Beginnings of new youth art. Original stocks folk art from the German-language area (certificates German Folk Art Issue 3, published by Gustaf Britsch Institute) Starnberg 1927
 Egon Kornmann: Images of the Landscape From the 16th and 17th Century. Max Niehans Verlag, Zurich 1945
 Egon Kornmann: The theory of Gustaf Britsch as the foundation of art education. Düsseldorf, Schwann, 1948. (From the German will to art education; 3)
 Egon Kornmann: On the legality and the value of children's drawings. 3 Ed, Aloys Henn Publisher, Ratingen 1953
 Egon Kornmann: art in life. Collected Essays. Edited by Hans Herrmann. Aloys Henn, Ratingen 1954
 Egon Kornmann: basic principles of artistic design. Introduction to the theory of art by Gustaf Britsch. Henn, Ratingen 1962
 Egon Kornmann: To evaluate by hand drawings. (Information of Gustaf Britsch Institute for Art Research. Book I. Printed as manuscript for the circle of the Institute) Gustaf Britsch Institute, Starnberg, 1929.
 Luise Kornmann: the life and work of Gustaf Britsch. Ratingen 1952
 Lilo Prince Ramdohr: Friendships in the White Rose. History Workshop Neuhausen, Munich 1995.

1879 births
1923 deaths
German art historians
University of Stuttgart alumni
German male non-fiction writers


title: Mazus gracilis

text:
Mazus gracilis is a plant species native to the Provinces of Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang in China. It grows on lake shores, river banks, and other moist areas at elevations below 800 m.

Mazus gracilis is a perennial herb spreading by means of stolons running along the surface of the ground for as far as 30 cm (12 inches). Leaves are up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers are born in axillary racemes. Flowers are yellow, white or purple, sometimes with spots of another color.

References

gracilis
Flora of Henan
Flora of Hubei
Flora of Jiangsu
Flora of Jiangxi
Flora of Zhejiang


title: Mamath Eka Malak

text:
Mamath Eka Malak is a Sinhala autism song composed by the Sri Lankan musician, Rukshan Karunanayake. The song was released on Sunday 9 February 2014 to mark Autism Sunday 2014 in Sri Lanka. 'Mamath Eka Malak' is the first Sinhala autism song from the Commonwealth of Nations in 2014. It is a tribute in song to children and adults who are on the autism spectrum. The song is all about the beauty and brokenness of autism. Like a flower, people with autism need to be loved, appreciated and accepted.

This historic autism song won a Global Autism Award from the United Kingdom for highlighting the condition to mark Autism Sunday. 'Mamath Eka Malak' was dedicated to Charin Corea, son of the international autism campaigners Ivan and Charika Corea (who founded the global event Autism Sunday) and to all children and adults with autism on the island of Sri Lanka.

Lyrics : Rev. Sr. Niroshi Dilhari
Melody & Music Directions : Rukshan Karunanayake
Vocals : B.M. Madhubashini
Backed by : Rukshan Karunanayake (Lead/Rhythm Guitar), Sugath Asanka (Keyboards), Condrad De Silva (Bass Guitar), Udesha Karunanayake (Drums)
Recorded, Mixed & Mastered by Rukshan Karunanayake at Studio Udeshan.

Listen to a clip of the hit 'Mamath Eka Malak' here:
 MP3 on the Sinhala autism song.

Watch Rukshan Karunanayake unveiling 'Mamath Eka Malak,' on prime time television in Sri Lanka on the Rise & Shine TV programme on Channel Eye Television on YouTube:

Film on 'Mamath Eka Malak' on YouTube for Autism Sunday 2014:

See also
Autism Sunday
Autism Awareness Campaign UK
Autism

References

External links
 Rukshan's Mamath Eka Malak Bags Global Autism Award
 Rise & Shine on Channel Eye Television features Mamath Eka Malak
 Daily Mirror Sri Lanka publishes feature on Rukshan's historic autism song from The Commonwealth

2014 singles
2014 songs


title: Michael Simms

text:
Michael Simms may refer to:

 Michael Simms (boxer) (born 1974), American boxer
 Michael Simms (publisher) (born 1954), American poet and literary publisher
 Mike Simms, Major League Baseball outfielder


title: The Quantum Enigma

text:
The Quantum Enigma is the sixth studio album by Dutch symphonic metal band Epica. It was released by Nuclear Blast in Europe on 2 May 2014, in the UK on 5 May, and in the US on 6 May. It is their first studio album with new bassist Rob van der Loo, who replaced Yves Huts in 2012.

The album produced two singles: "The Essence of Silence" (released on 17 March 2014) and "Unchain Utopia" (released on 4 April 2014).

Background and recording
After taking a break from the road due to the pregnancy of lead singer Simone Simons and the release of a new concert DVD, Retrospect the band started writing and recording of their sixth album. The album was produced by former After Forever keyboard player Joost van den Broek, recorded at Sandlane Recording Facilities in The Netherlands and mixed by Jacob Hansen. Simons went into the studio, when her son, Vincent, was only eight weeks old. "It was quite stressful for me. I was still breastfeeding, so I was mentally and physically exhausted, like the walking dead pretty much. And singing is very physically demanding. I had a strong schedule of ten days, every day for a couple of hours. We had a very regular schedule together with Joost [van den Broek, producer] and it was super-efficient. I was breast feeding and eating at the same time. Isaac, my mum and my husband would take turns in taking care of Vincent" explained Simons and added: "Of course, I write half the lyrics, Mark [Jansen] writes half the lyrics, and we have to know what we are writing about in order to get into that role, but we’ve been working together for so long so we kind of get each other’s brains, and a big change for me has been pregnancy; it transformed my voice, gave it more dimension. It has a new emotion that wasn’t there before."

In an interview with LiveReviewer, Epica guitarist Isaac Delahaye stated about the making of The Quantum Enigma: "It was very much our intention to really make songs. It was because we started with putting a lot of effort into the basics and we gave a lot of attention to the band part, more so than before. And, of course, Jacob Hansen mixed it and he knows how to do these things. We tried out several people and had them do a test mix of certain songs and he came out on top. It's become a heavy album, yet all the details are there. Previously, we used to go to the studio, tune our stuff and then we recorded an album. This time we did a long pre-production in the studio and we got to check out a lot of different combinations of amps and then we could record it. Previously, we just did everything in our home studios and sent each other the parts. And after that we would go into the studio and that's it. But now we sat down together and discussed a lot more, it was more of a band effort. It was working together, rather than reacting. Everyone brought songs to the table, which was very cool. With the previous album, it was mostly Mark, Coen and me writing a lot. And now even Ariën joined in and that made it all feel refreshing. It's odd to say, but it's kind of a new beginning."

Guitarist/vocalist Mark Jansen explains: "I have been listening to our new album and I can't get enough of it! It sounds more modern, but with all typical Epica elements inside. Refreshing might be the right word. This album has also been the result of a real group effort. It was great to see everyone being so motivated to create our best album! Even though the sound is more heavy (the guitars, bass and drums sound so brutal!!!), it's still a very catchy album as well. Some old influences from our earliest work, some references to Design Your Universe and some new elements." The band further commented: "Where Retrospect reflected on the first decade of our career, we’d like to think The Quantum Enigma marks the beginning of a new era, where Epica sounds heavy, modern and without compromises! Every detail finds its way into a perfectly balanced mix, and makes Epica sound raw and overwhelming."

Concept
In an interview lead vocalist Simone Simons explained the main inspiration behind the album: "Well in quantum physics they have done this experiment and they found out that whenever you observe particles they take a certain shape – and when you are looking away, it’s a different shape – so in a way you can say you never know: ‘What is reality?’ We determine our reality through our observations, and if we would look away, reality would change. So the quest of finding out what is reality, what are illusions, is a topic that goes through all of the lyrics – life and death and everything in between. The power of the human mind has been the main source of inspiration for this record."

The album's cover artwork is done by Stefan Heilemann, who also did the cover artwork for the band's fourth and fifth albums and was designed to accompany the ideas behind the lyrics.

Singles and music videos
On 17 March 2014, "The Essence of Silence" was released as a single and was made available for a digital download from iTunes, Amazon, Spotify, Deezer and other platforms. Three days later a lyric video was released on Epica's YouTube account. "Unchain Utopia" became the second single released on 4 April. In an interview with the webzine Sonic Cathedral, Simons confirmed that a video for "Unchain Utopia" was set to be released soon. However, a lyric video was released instead, which features footage originally filmed for the music video. On 30 October 2014 Epica premiered a new video for the track "Victims of Contingency". The video is directed by Remko Tielemans and produced by the Kunststoff Kollectiv, the same team responsible for Epica's highly acclaimed music video "Storm the Sorrow" from their previous album Requiem for the Indifferent.

Tour
Simons and Delahaye premiered songs from the new album in an acoustic set at Vintage Vinyl, Fords, New Jersey on 7 April. The whole band reunited on stage on 30 April for an album release performance at 013 in Tilburg, The Netherlands, the first venue of The Quantum Enigma Tour. They went on tour through Europe, Asia, Africa and both South and North America and played 123 shows. On 3 June 2015 Epica announced the last venue for their tour in support of The Quantum Enigma to be 22 November 2015 at Klokgebouw in Eindhoven, the Netherlands and revealed that it was a part of the first edition of their very own festival Epic Metal Fest.

Track listing
The album was released in five different versions: Regular Jewel Case, 2-CD Digipack, 3-CD Earbook, Double Vinyl and as a digital download.

Personnel
Epica
Simone Simons – lead and backing vocals
Mark Jansen – rhythm guitar, grunts
Isaac Delahaye – lead guitar, classical guitar, acoustic guitar
Coen Janssen – synthesizers, piano
Rob van der Loo – bass
Ariën van Weesenbeek – drums, grunts, spoken word

Additional personnel
Marcela Bovio (Stream of Passion) – backing vocals
Daniël de Jongh (Textures) – additional male vocals (13)

Kamerkoor PA'dam
Maria van Nieukerken – choir conductor
Alfrun Schmid, Andreas Goetze, Angus van Grevenbroek, Annemieke Nuijten, Annette Stallinga, Annette Vermeulen, Astrid Krause, Daan Verlaan, Frederique Klooster, Jan Douwes, Karen Langendonk, Koert Braches, Martha Bosch, Ruben de Grauw, Silvia da Silva Martinho

Sandlane String Session
Ben Mathot – violin
Marleen Wester – violin
Ian de Jong – violin
Emma van der Schalie – violin
Merel Jonker – violin
Judith van Driel – violin
Floortje Beljon – violin
Loes Dooren – violin
Vera van der Bie – violin
Mark Mulder – viola
Adriaan Breunis – viola
Amber Hendriks – viola
David Faber – celli
Annie Tangberg – celli
Jan Willem Troost – celli
Thomas van Geelen – celli

Production
Joost van den Broek – engineering, editing, vocal and orchestral arrangements, choir vocals
Maarten de Peijper – sound engineer, choir vocals
Jacob Hansen – mixing
Tonnie Simons – artwork
Stefan Heilemann – photography, artowrk, design
Jos Driessen – engineering, editing
Darius van Helfteren – mastering
Coen Janssen – choir arrangements
Miro – orchestral arrangements
Sascha Paeth – vocal line arrangements
Gjalt Lucassen – Latin translations
Jaap Toorenaar – Latin translations

Chart positions
The Quantum Enigma debuted at 110 on the US Billboard 200, making it Epica's second entry on this chart, the previous being Requiem for the Indifferent in February 2013. In Epica's home country Netherlands, the album peaked at No. 4 making it their highest ranking album on the chart.

References

Epica (band) albums
2014 albums
Nuclear Blast albums


title: 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 100 metre backstroke

text:
The men's 100 metre backstroke competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 25–26 at the Yokohama International Swimming Pool.  The last champion was Lenny Krayzelburg of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:

Results
All times are in minutes and seconds.

Heats
The first round was held on August 25.

Semifinals
The semifinals were held on August 25.

Final
The final was held on August 26.

References

2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships


title: Sony Vaio MX series

text:
The Sony Vaio MX series was a series of multimedia-rich desktop PCs part of Sony's Vaio line, first launched in 2000. Sony combined a desktop PC with high-end Hi-Fi features for an entertainment system. The MX series PCs had a built-in FM radio, MiniDisc player, and an LCD. It also came with a strong bass amplifier speakers and a remote control.

MX


title: Michael Bullock

text:
Michael Hale Bullock (19 April 1918 – 18 July 2008) was a British poet, novelist and translator.

He was born in London and studied at the Hornsey College of Art. He went to Canada in 1968 as a Commonwealth Fellow at the University of British Columbia, where he later taught creative writing and translation, finally retiring as emeritus professor in 1983.

He translated nearly 200 literary works from French and German into English, and won many awards in the process. These included the Canada Council French Translation Award (1979) for his translation of Michel Tremblay's short story collection Stories for Late Night Drinkers, and the inaugural Schlegel-Tieck Prize. He was the principal English translator of Swiss playwright and novelist Max Frisch.

He also published numerous works of prose and poetry under his own name. His novella Randolph Cranstone and the Glass Thimble (1977) was named British New Fiction Society Book of the Month.

He was the founder of British poetry magazine Expression and editor-in-chief of Prism International.

He died in London.

Bibliography

Poetry

Transmutations (1938). Published under the name Michael Hale.
Sunday Is a Day of Incest: Poems (1961)
World Without Beginning, Amen! (1963)
A Savage Darkness: Poems (1969)
Black Wings, White Dead: Poems (1978)
Lines in the Dark Wood: Poems (1981)
Quadriga for Judy: Poems (1982)
Prisoner of the Rain: Poems in Prose (1983)
Brambled Heart: Poems (1985)
Dark Water: Poems (1987)
 Poems on Green Paper (1988)
Vancouver Moods: Poems, Photographs (1989)
Avatars of the Moon (1990)
 The Secret Garden (1990)
 Labyrinths: Poems from Five Cities (1992)
 The Inflowing River: Poems (1993)
The Sorcerer with Deadly Nightshade Eyes followed by The Foundling at the Bottom of the Well: Poems in Verse and Prose (1993)
The Sorcerer with Deadly Nightshade Eyes: Poems (1995)
Dark Roses: Variations on a Theme (1994)
Moons and Mirrors: Poems (1994)
Stone and Shadow: Poems (1996)
Sonnet in Black and Other Poems (1998)
 Erupting in Flowers: Poems (1999)
Nocturnes: Poems of Night (2000)
Wings of the Black Swan: Poems of Love and Loss (2001)
 Colours: Poems (2003)
Seasons: Poems of the Turning Year (2008)

Novels and short stories

 Sixteen Stories as They Happened (1969)
Green Beginning, Black Ending: Fables (1971)
 Randolph Cranstone and the Pursuing River: Parabolic Fictions (1975)
Randolph Cranstone and the Glass Thimble: A Parabolic Fiction (1977)
The Double Ego: An Autocollage (1985)
The Man With Flowers Through His Hands: Fables (1985)
Randolph Cranstone and the Veil of Maya: A Fable (1986)
The Story of Noire (1987)
Randolph Cranstone Takes the Inward Path followed by Escape to Columbine (1988)
The Burning Chapel (1991)
The Invulnerable Ovoid Aura and Other Stories (1992)
The Walled Garden: A Fantasia (1992)
Voices of the River: A Rhapsody (1995)

Plays
 The Raspberry Picker (1967)
Not to Hong Kong (1972)
The Island Abode of Bliss (1972)
The Coats (1975)
Sokotra: A Play in Three Acts (1997)

Selected translations
 Ingeborg Bachmann: The Thirtieth Year
 Joseph Breitbach: Report on Bruno
 André Carpentier: Bread of the Birds
André Carpentier: The Conqueror's Night
 Walter Erben: Marc Chagall
Max Frisch: The Fire Raisers
 Max Frisch: I'm Not Stiller
 Max Frisch: Homo Faber
Max Frisch: Andorra
Max Frisch: A Wilderness of Mirrors (reprinted as Gantenbein)
Dr. Paul Hermann: Conquest By Man (German Sieben vorbei und acht verweht) 1955
E. T. A. Hoffmann: The Tales of Hoffmann
Willibald Klinke: Kant for Everyman
 Siegfried Lenz: The Lightship
 Michel Tremblay: Stories for Late Night Drinkers
 Michel Tremblay: The City in the Egg
 Wilhelm Worringer: Abstraction And Empathy

References

External links
Michael Bullock fonds at UBC Library

German–English translators
1918 births
2008 deaths
20th-century British translators
British expatriates in Canada


title: Forschungs- und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Irland e.V.

text:
The Forschungs- und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Irland (FAI – Research and Study Group on Irish Philately) is a registered society, a member of the Bund Deutscher Philatelisten (Association of German Philatelists), and is engaged in Irish philately. The FAI was founded on 24 July 1982 by Frank Holzmüller in order to establish a platform for research and communication for all those interested in Irish philately in the German Federal Republic. Since then the society has become international. The more than 200 members (by 2013) come from four continents and the majority not from Germany. Heinz-Jürgen Kumpf has been President of the FAI since May 2007.

The FAI keeps in touch with the other philatelic Ireland societies all over the world and cooperates with the Irish postal administration An Post. The members meet regularly at regional meetings and the Annual General Meeting, which take place in all parts of Germany.

The society publishes the members’ magazine Die Harfe (The Harp) three times per year. All aspects of Irish philately are treated in more than 200 pages annually. The first 30 volumes are also available digitally, on DVD or USB flash drive. In particular, the magazine deals with  Irish postal history. It encompasses, among others, old postal routes, the transport of mail on board overseas steamboats, national and international postal fees, and the Maltese Cross postmarks used in Ireland. Documentation of the postal history of the Irish independence movement is also an important field. Furthermore, the FAI researches the use of postmark machines, military postal history, postal censorship and post from prisoners of war, Irish postal stationery, international reply coupons, and revenue stamps.

The FAI publishes philatelic literature; as of 2014 a series of 30 volumes have been released. By publishing this series, the FAI contributes to the progress of philatelic research in the field of Irish postal history. In the year of publication, all FAI members receive a copy of the new volume either for free or at a special rate, depending on the number of pages and retail price.

FAI members can consult FAI experts on many different fields of Irish philately.

Since the mid-1990s, all publications (the members’ magazine as well as the novelties in the publication series) are edited completely bilingual in German and English. The publications of the FAI thus constitute an important link between the German- and the English-speaking philatelists and are accessible for collectors and researchers in the field of Irish philately all over the world with no language barrier.

See also
 Postage stamps of Ireland

References

External links

Philatelic organizations
Philately of Ireland


title: Jawa, Jordan

text:
Jawa is the site of the oldest proto-urban development in Jordan, dating from the late 4th millennium BC (Early Bronze Age). It is located in one of the driest areas of the Black Desert (Harrat al-Shamah) of Eastern Jordan.

Remains of dams have been found, the largest of which is a masonry gravity dam and the oldest known dam in the world. It was used as a protection from flash floods.

Discovery and history of investigation
Jawa was first reported by French explorer Antoine Poidebard, who flew over and photographed the site in 1931, mistaking it for Roman ruins. Before and after Poidebard's discovery, several archaeological expeditions came close to but missed the site. Nelson Glueck visited it in 1947 but apparently failed to notice its significance, describing Jawa as a "small, filthy spring […] probably never more than a small police post." Finally, in 1950, an expedition led by epigrapher F. V. Winnett reached the site and documented some of the inscriptions there. Amongst their number was Lankester Harding, who suggested that the remains were not Roman but in fact dated to the Early Bronze Age.

Harding recommended the site to Svend Helms, who first visited the site in 1966 and directed excavations there between 1972 and 1976. In contrast to earlier assumptions about the site's lack of significance, Helms concluded that "Jawa is the best preserved fourth-millennium town yet discovered anywhere in the world: paradoxically in a place—the Black Desert—where it could hardly exist today and probably hardly when it was built."

History
The town was built by a group of perhaps 2,000 migrants coming from the North or East. They had some understanding of urban life, as well as hydrology. It extended over 100,000 m2 and consisted of a walled town and extensive earthworks to divert winter floods from the Wadi into a series of reservoirs. This work would have had to be completed by the first winter after the group's arrival; otherwise they would not have survived the following summer. It is estimated the work would have taken a minimum workforce of 700.

It is located on the southern edge of an area of basalt which runs across Syria and eastern Jordan and is an attempt to harness the major water resources of Wadi Rajil: a dry river bed which floods irregularly during the winter months. Wadi Rajil has a catchment area of 300 km2 reaching 35 km north into Jebel Druze. The basalt allows very little water to soak into the ground. Any rainfall in the mountains results in violent short lived flash floods. The total annual flow down the wadi at Jawa is estimated to be 2,000,000 m3 per year arriving in a few dramatic winter floods with flows of 80–110 m3/s. Research suggests that the community at Jawa could survive on 3% of that total flow: if they could store it in sufficient quantities to last through the four dry summer months. It would have to support their population of 2,000 to 5,000 as well as their large herds of sheep, goats and some cattle. Estimates based on bone counts indicate there may have been as many as 10,000 sheep and goats as well as 800 cattle. There were also 200 equids and 160 dogs. From seed remains it is apparent that some of the water was also used for irrigation agriculture. The inhabitants ate barley, wheat, chickpeas, lentils and grapes.

Based on the size and density of houses in the excavated areas, Helms estimated that the maximum population of the town was between 3,000 to 5,000. He also considered it short-lived: occupied for perhaps as little as a single generation before it was violently destroyed.

There is a fortified building located in the center of the ruins of the original town. It is believed to date from 2000 to 1500 BC, and is not associated with any contemporaneous stone structures.

Water supply system

There are remains of three dams across Wadi Rajil at Jawa, part of an extensive water supply system that included other smaller dams, channels, and deflectors across the Wadi to support the town. Two are deflection dams meant to channel water into a number of reservoirs. The third was an attempt at a reservoir dam, completely blocking the flow of the flood. It appears not to have survived more than one season. The other two probably ceased to function within a generation.

The largest is a masonry gravity dam, and the oldest known dam in the world, with recent carbon-14 dating putting initial construction between 3500-3400 BC. It was designed to divert water into three depressions to the west of the settlement. The feed canal was also used to fill a natural cave. The dam itself was built at an angle across the curve of the Wadi. It may not have reached from bank to bank. It is speculated that even if the structure only withstood the flood for a short time, some water would have been diverted to the reservoirs.

The largest reservoir had a double wall, 80 metres long and 4–5 metres high, in-filled with sand and ash. Excavators found traces of revetments and a rudimentary apron on the up-stream face. An attempt to build a larger wall to expand the capacity of the reservoirs beside the town was not completed. The small amount of rainfall, perhaps 150 mm per year, which fell on local micro-catchments, was also harnessed by a long series of primitive canals leading to the reservoirs. This would have been a significant contribution in maintaining water levels between floods.

See also

References

Archaeological sites in Jordan
Gravity dams
Dams in Jordan
Masonry dams


title: Ceramide synthase 1

text:
Ceramide synthase 1 also known as LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CERS1 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site that is cleaved to produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. Members of this family are regulators of cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. Studies in yeast suggest that the encoded protein is involved in aging. This protein is transcribed from a monocistronic mRNA as well as a bicistronic mRNA, which also encodes growth differentiation factor 1.

Ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) is a ceramide synthase that catalyzes the synthesis of C18 ceramide in a fumonisin B1-independent manner, and is primarily expressed in the brain. It can also be found in low levels in skeletal muscle and the testis.
Within the cell, CerS1 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and golgi apparatus membrane. CerS1 has two isoforms and isoform 1 may recycle from the golgi to the ER.

CerS1/GDF1 mRNA is strongly expressed in muscle and brain, and was also found in heart and lung. Within the brain, CerS1 is the primary CerS expressed in most neurons. In white matter, it can only be found in low levels.

In an experiment performed in mice in 2012, ablation of neuronal CerS1 decreased levels of sphingolipids, hexosylceramides, and sphingomyelin. Although the brains in these mice appeared to develop normally, researchers observed atrophy of the cerebellum, and Purkinje neurons appeared to degenerate. Granule cells also showed a 6 times increased rate of apoptosis. Behaviorally, the mice expressed motor and neurophysiological impairment.

Structure

Unlike other mammalian ceramides, CerS1 does not appear to have a Hox-like domain. It is functionally and structurally distinct from other CerS and is found in an entirely different branch of the phylogenetic tree.

Clinical significance

On application of various stresses, CerS1 turns over rapidly by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, suggesting that it has a short half life.

It has been suggested that CerS1 is involved with the regulation of the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), based on the information that C18 ceramide levels are lower in HNSCC tissues than in normal tissue. CerS1, in particular amongst other CerS, has also been shown to sensitize cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and vincristine.

References

Further reading

Integral membrane proteins
EC 2.3.1


title: List of gold mines in Japan

text:
This list of mines in Japan is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output.

Japan
Gold mines


title: Sophie Turner Laing

text:
Sophie Henrietta Turner Laing,  (born 7 September 1960) is a British businesswoman and media executive. She was chief executive officer of global content creator, producer and distributor Endemol Shine Group from December 2014 until July 2020.  Prior to taking up that role, she held a number of senior positions at Sky in the UK, including their director of film and managing director of content. She previously worked for the BBC as the acting director of television and, along with Peter Orton and Jim Henson, was a founder of HIT Entertainment. In March 2022, she was named Chair of National Film and Television School.

Early life
Turner Laing was born on 7 September 1960 to Graham Turner Laing and G. V. Turner Laing. She was educated at Oakdene School, a boarding school in Buckinghamshire. She didn't attend a university.

Career
After finishing school, Turner Laing completed a secretarial course and worked as an events secretary for the Variety Club of Great Britain. She then spent two years working in public relations and radio in Australia. She returned to the United Kingdom in 1982.

She began her television career as a secretary at Elstree Studios in the distribution side of Henson International Television, a division of The Jim Henson Company. She was promoted through a number of positions and rose to become the sales director. During this time she worked on The Muppet Show. In 1989, she and Peter Orton established HIT Entertainment, after purchasing the Henson International Television division from The Jim Henson Company. In 1995, she joined Flextech Television working as a buyer of content.

In 1998, she moved to the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), where she worked as controller of programme acquisitions for five years. She was involved in the buying of programmes such as Band of Brothers and the first season of 24 for the company. From December 2000 to March 2001, she held the additional role of acting director of marketing and communications. She ended her time at the BBC as acting director of television.

In 2003, she left the BBC for BSkyB. In March of that year she was appointed director of movies. In April 2004, she became deputy managing director of Sky Networks, therefore deputy head of all Sky channels except Sky Sports. In March 2007, she joined the executive of the company as managing director of content. In that role, she is responsible for the companies portfolio of entertainment and news channels. She launched a new channel, Sky Atlantic, in 2011. In May 2014, she left BSkyB.

Honours
Turner Laing has been honoured with a Royal Television Society (RTS) Fellowship for her "outstanding contribution" to British television, as well as the inaugural MIPTV Médaille d'Honneur for her contribution to television globally.  In January 2016 she received the Brandon Tartikoff Legacy Award in recognition of "extraordinary passion, leadership, independence and vision in the process of creating television programming."

In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) "for services to the media".

References

British business executives
Living people
1960 births
Secretaries
BBC people
Women business executives
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British media executives
HIT Entertainment


title: Svetlana Laukhova

text:
Svetlana Vyacheslanovna Laukhova (; 1 February 1973 – 28 October 2023) was a Russian athlete who specialised in the 100 metres hurdles. She represented her country at the 2000 Summer Olympics reaching the semifinals.

Her personal bests were 12.72 seconds in the 100 metres hurdles (2001) and 7.95 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (1998).

Her husband was a football player Sergey Dmitriyev. Laukhova died on 28 October 2023, at the age of 50.

Doping rule violation
Laukhova was disqualified from the 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships because of an anti-doping rule violation.

Competition record

See also
List of doping cases in athletics
List of European Athletics Indoor Championships medalists (women)
Russia at the World Athletics Championships
Doping at the World Athletics Championships

References

1973 births
2023 deaths
Russian female hurdlers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for Russia
Medalists at the 1997 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1995 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
Russian Athletics Championships winners
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in athletics


title: 2011–12 Montenegrin First Handball League

text:
The 2010–11 Montenegrin First Handball League was sixth season of the Montenegrin First League of Men's Handball, Montenegro's premier handball league.

Participants

In the Montenegrin First League 2011/12 participated eight teams. In the second part of season, four best clubs participated in the TOP4 league for champion, and the last four played in relegation league.

The following seven clubs participated in the Montenegrin First League 2007/08.

First part

During the first part of the season, all members played 14 games. Four teams - Lovćen, Mojkovac, Sutjeska and Budvanska rivijera continued season in the TOP4 league for champion. Other teams were playing league for relegation.

Handball club Cepelin Cetinje withdraw from the competition after the first part, due to financial problems. Team didn't participate in the relegation league.

Table of the first part of the season:

TOP4 / relegation league

At the final phase, RK Lovćen won the second champions' title in the Montenegrin Championship, and the fourth in the club history.
In the relegation league, at the bottom was RK Berane. But, how RK Cepelin quit from the competition, and RK Sedmerac and RK Rudar withdraw from the next season due to finances, Berane remained the member of the First League.

TOP4 League

Relegation League

Summary

 Promotion to the EHF Champions League - qualifiers 2012/13: Lovćen Cetinje
 Promotion to the EHF Cup 2012/13: Mojkovac
 Promotion to the EHF Challenge Cup 2012/13: Sutjeska Nikšić
 Promotion to the SEHA League 2012/13: Lovćen Cetinje
 Relegation to the Second League 2012/13: Cepelin Cetinje
 Withdraw from the First League 2012/13: Rudar Pljevlja, Sedmerac Bar (both due to finances)
 Promotion to the First league 2012/13: Ulcinj, Mornar Bar

Handball leagues in Montenegro
Hand
Hand
Monte


title: List of artists who reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100

text:
This is a list of recording artists who have reached number one on Billboard magazine's weekly Canadian Hot 100 chart. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated 31 March 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada.

List inclusions
This list spans from the issue dated 31 March 2007 to the present.
All acts are listed alphabetically, solo artists by last name, groups by group name excluding "A", "An", and "The".
Each act's total of number-one hits is shown after their name.
All artists who are officially namechecked in song credits are listed here; this includes one-time pairings of otherwise solo artists and those appearing as "featuring".
"Wavin' Flag" is credited to Young Artists for Haiti, and not the individual artists who participated in the recording.
Artists associated with a group who reached number one, yet have their own solo page in Wikipedia, are not listed here unless they hit number one as a solo artist.

0-9

6lack (1)
21 Savage (4)
24kGoldn (1)
50 Cent (1)

A
Adele (3)
Afrojack (1)
Christina Aguilera (2)
Akon (1)
Iggy Azalea (1)

B
Sara Bareilles (1)
Lauren Bennett (1)
Beyoncé (1)
Justin Bieber (13)
Kodak Black (1)
The Black Eyed Peas (3)
Benny Blanco (1)
Metro Boomin (1)

C
Camila Cabello (2)
Daniel Caesar (1)
Lewis Capaldi (1)
Cardi B (2)
Mariah Carey (1)
The Chainsmokers (1)
Chance the Rapper (2)
Kelly Clarkson (1)
Bradley Cooper (1)
Taio Cruz (2)
Kid Cudi (1)
Billy Ray Cyrus (1)
Miley Cyrus (2)

D
DaBaby (2)
Daft Punk (1)
Dazy (1)
Jason Derulo (1)
Iann Dior (1)
Doja Cat (1)
Dr. Dre (1)
Drake (13)

E
Billie Eilish (1)
Mikky Ekko (1)
Eminem (5)

F
Fergie (1)
Flo Rida (4)
Luis Fonsi (1)
Fun (1)
Nelly Furtado (1)

G
Childish Gambino (1)
Giveon (1)
Glass Animals (1)
Selena Gomez (2)
GoonRock (1)
Gotye (1)
Ariana Grande (6)
A Great Big World (1)
David Guetta (2)

H
Halsey (1)
Jack Harlow (1)
Calvin Harris (2)
Keri Hilson (1)

I
Enrique Iglesias (1)

J
Jay-Z (1)
Jawsh 685 (1)
Carly Rae Jepsen (2)
Saint Jhn (1)
Elton John (1)
Jonas Brothers (1)
Juicy J (1)

K
Kesha (2)
DJ Khaled (2)
Wiz Khalifa (2)
The Kid Laroi (1)
Kimbra (1)
Sean Kingston (1)
Kyla (1)

L
Lady Gaga (6)
Kendrick Lamar (1)
Avril Lavigne (1)
Brenda Lee (1)
Swae Lee (1)
John Legend (1)
Leona Lewis (1)
Lil Durk (1)
Lil Nas X (2)
Lil Pump (1)
Lil Tjay (1)
Lil Wayne (1)
Dua Lipa (2)
LMFAO (2)
Jennifer Lopez (1)
Lorde (1)
Ludacris (1)
Lukas Graham (1)

M
MØ (1)
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (1)
Madonna (2)
Major Lazer (1)
Post Malone (3)
Maroon 5 (5)
Bruno Mars (4)
Shawn Mendes (2)
M.I.A. (1)
Nicki Minaj (1)
Janelle Monáe (1)

N
Nayer (1)
Ne-Yo (1)
Nico & Vinz (1)

O
Colby O'Donis (1)
Offset (1)
OMI (1)
OneRepublic (2)
Owl City (1)

P
Sean Paul (1)
Katy Perry (10)
Kim Petras (1)
Pink (2)
Pitbull (4)
Plain White T's (1)
Polo G (1)
Psy (1)
Charlie Puth (1)

Q
Quavo (1)

R
Rema (1)
Bebe Rexha (1)
Roddy Ricch (2)
Rihanna (11)
Olivia Rodrigo (3)
Mark Ronson (1)
Nate Ruess (1)

S
The Scotts (1)
Travis Scott (4)
Ed Sheeran (3)
Sia (2)
Sam Smith (2)
Snoop Dogg (1)
Britney Spears (5)
Megan Thee Stallion (1)
Harry Styles (1)
Taylor Swift (10)

T
Robin Thicke (1)
Young Thug (1)
T.I. (1)
Timbaland (3)
Justin Timberlake (3)
Tones and I (1)
T-Pain (1)
Meghan Trainor (1)
Ty Dolla Sign (1)

U
Usher (1)

W
Morgan Wallen (1)
Wanz (1)
The Weeknd (7)
Kanye West (3)
will.i.am (1)
Pharrell Williams (2)
Wizkid (1)

X
Charli XCX (1)

Y
Daddy Yankee (1)
Nikki Yanofsky (1)
Yeat (1)
Young Artists for Haiti (1)
Nicky Youre (1)

Z
Zayn (1)

See also
List of artists by number of Canadian number-one singles (RPM)

References

External links
 Current Canadian Hot 100

Canadian record charts
Canadian Hot 100


title: Fang Gao

text:
Fang Gao (房暠) (died 944) was an official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period Later Tang and Later Jin states, serving as the chief of staff (Shumishi) for Later Tang's last emperor Li Congke.

Background
It is not known when Fang Gao was born, but it is known that he was from the Tang dynasty capital Chang'an. In his youth, he served on staff at the mansion of the Tang chancellor Cui Yin. According to the Old History of the Five Dynasties, he later took up residence at Hezhong Municipality (河中, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) due to a disturbance. (This might be referring to Cui's death at the hands of the major warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), in 904.)

During Later Tang
In 926, by which time Tang had long fallen, and the emperor of central China was the Later Tang emperor Li Siyuan, Li Siyuan commissioned his adoptive son Li Congke as the acting military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered at Hezhong). Either at that time or shortly after, when Li Congke went to Hezhong to take over the circuit command, Fang Gao went to greet him on the road, and requested to serve on his staff. Li Congke was pleased with him and made him in charge of the guests in Li Congke's household.

In 934, Li Congke overthrew then-emperor, his adoptive brother (Li Siyuan's biological son) Li Conghou and became emperor. Apparently shortly after, Fang was made the acting secretary at the office of the chief of staff (樞密院, Shumi Yuan), and thereafter a director of palace affairs (宣徽使, Xuanhuishi). In fall 935, Fang was made one of the chiefs of staff, serving with Li Congke's brother-in-law Zhao Yanshou. However, Li Congke's close associate Liu Yanlang () served as deputy chief of staff, and it was said that Li Congke listened to Liu, as well as a scholar at the office of chief of staff, Xue Wenyu (), far more than he did Zhao or Fang. Fang himself made few decisive suggestions, often acting ambiguously when presented proposals. Indeed, when intelligence reports and requests came from the two key commands on the border between Later Tang and its northern rival Khitan Empire—Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing), then commanded by Zhao's adoptive father Zhao Dejun, and Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), then commanded by another brother-in-law of Li Congke's, Shi Jingtang, Fang would often fall asleep at the chief of staff meetings. As a result, the matters ended up being ruled on by Liu. It was said that Liu used the opportunity to extract bribes from military governors and prefects, giving them prize assignments for greater bribes, causing much resentment from the generals toward Li Congke, who was unaware of the situation. However, Fang (along with imperial scholars Li Song and Lü Qi () did do what they could to dissuade Li Congke from an idea that he had that they believed would be disastrous—moving Shi from Hedong to Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong)—believing that Shi would rebel if he did so.

In summer 936, by which time Lü was no longer imperial scholar, there was a night when Li Song had the night off, and Xue was on duty, attending to Li Congke. Xue took the opportunity to persuade Li Congke that Shi would rebel anyway, and that it was better to let him rebel now. Li Congke agreed, and therefore issued an edict moving Shi from Hedong to Tianping. Shi did in fact rebel, and thereafter, with aid from the Khitan, defeated Later Tang forces Li Congke sent against him and then approached the capital Luoyang. Li Congke and his family committed suicide, ending Later Tang.

During Later Jin
Shi Jingtang, whom Khitan's Emperor Taizong had declared to be emperor of a new state of Later Jin, entered Luoyang and took over Later Tang's territory. In an edict that Shi issued after entering Luoyang that declared a general pardon, he, excepting them from the general pardon, ordered the deaths of Li Congke's close associates Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, and Liu Yanlang. He singled out several officials whom he stated as not complicit with Li Congke (his justification for rebelling against Li Congke was that Li Congke, as an adoptive son, was an usurper of the Later Tang throne)—Ma Yinsun, Fang Gao, Li Zhuanmei (), and Han Zhaoyin—such that they were removed from their posts but spared their lives.

In 939, Shi, apparently viewed his punishment of Ma, Fang, Han, and Li Zhuanmei to be too harsh (as he pitied them for being in poverty), commissioned them various offices—in Fang's case, a general of the imperial guards—but then immediately ordered them into retirement (i.e., to allow them to draw pensions without allowing them to return to the government). Fang would die in 944, during the reign of Shi's nephew and successor Shi Chonggui, at Luoyang.

Notes and references

 Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 96.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 279, 280, 282.

9th-century births
944 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Politicians from Xi'an
Generals from Shaanxi
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people
Later Tang shumishi
Later Jin (Five Dynasties) generals


title: Buckhannon Central Residential Historical District

text:
Buckhannon Central Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at Buckhannon, Upshur County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 344 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 11 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in Buckhannon.  It consists of primarily single family residential homes dating from the mid-19th through mid-20th century.  They are in variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow. Notable contributing resources include historic brick sidewalks, Works Progress Administration sidewalks and logos, Jawbone Park, the Charles Gibson City Library building, the Liberty in Christ Church (1873), First United Methodist Church (1910), the First Baptist Church (c. 1911), the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church (1919), Victoria or Central School, and 79 East Main Street (1909).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Upshur County, West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Upshur County, West Virginia


title: Consuelo Fernández

text:
Consuelo Fernández (1797-1814) was a resistance fighter in the Venezuelan War of Independence, given the honor of "heroine".

Biography

Born in Villa de Cura, she was the sister of Manuel Fernández, who joined the military unit of José Félix Ribas. Feigning a friendship with a Spaniard Royalist Colonel named Pérez, she learned of plans to attack her brother's unit. She wrote him a message which was intercepted. Blamed for revolutionary insurgency, she was imprisoned. Pérez proposed matrimony, offering that if she agreed and renounced the cause of independence, she could be free. She rejected his proposal, purportedly saying "For my part, I could never unite myself to that which inspires in me so much contempt. Long live the homeland! Long live independence!"  While waiting to be shot in the Villa de Cura square, her father ran to hug her; they were both subsequently shot.

References

1797 births
1814 deaths
Women in the Venezuelan War of Independence
People from Aragua
People from Villa de Cura
Executed Venezuelan people
People executed by Spain by firing squad


title: Melvin Ejim

text:
Melvin Obinna Ejim (born March 4, 1991) is a Nigerian-Canadian professional basketball player for Unicaja of the Liga ACB. He played college basketball for Iowa State University before playing professionally in Italy, Russia and Spain, as well as the NBA Development League.

High school career
Ejim attended St. Mary's Ryken High School in Leonardtown, Maryland, where he made the 2007 Provincial team before transferring to Brewster Academy in New Hampshire. In 2008–09, he averaged 12.3 points and 4.6 rebounds per game for Brewster. In his final year in 2009–10, he averaged 13.1 points, 7.5 rebounds, 3.0 steals and 2.5 assists per game, leading Brewster to a 34–4 record and a National Prep School championship.

College career
Ejim started 30 games out of 32 in his freshman campaign for Iowa State, averaging 10.3 points and 6.7 rebounds per game, shooting 48.6 percent from the field (121–249 FG) and tallied 39 steals, second-best total on the team. He became one of just 13 Iowa State freshmen in school history to average double figures in scoring, and his 214 rebounds was the third-best rookie total in school history.

One of Iowa State's top post players, Ejim started 29 games out of 34 in 2011–12, averaging 9.3 points and 6.6 rebounds per game. He earned Big 12 Honorable Mention accolades and was a first team Academic All-Big 12 selection.

One of the best forwards in the Big 12 in 2012–13, Ejim earned All-Big 12 third team honors and was a NABC All-District 8 second team selection; he was also honored as the inaugural Big 12 Scholar Athlete of the Year Award winner and was a Capital One Academic All-District 6 selection. He became the first Cyclone to lead the Big 12 in rebounding (9.3 rpg) since Jackson Vroman (2004) and was just the third player in Big 12 history to lead the league in rebounding at 6'6" or shorter (Terry Black, Baylor; P. J. Tucker, Texas).

As a senior in 2013–14, Ejim had one of the best seasons in school history, earning Big 12 Player of the Year honors (coaches & AP) and All-America honors from five organizations. He was a finalist for the Oscar Robertson Trophy, became the fifth Academic All-American in school history, earned Capital One first team Academic All-America honors and was named the Big 12 Scholar Athlete of the Year for the second time. He became just the fourth player in league history to record 1,500 points and 1,000 rebounds in a career, finishing his career with the most wins of any Cyclone men's basketball player at 88 wins. He also finished 12th in scoring (1,643), second in rebounding (1,051), tied for 10th in steals (146) and 15th in blocks (59); he also broke the school record for games played (135) and games started (126).

On February 8, 2014, Ejim scored a Big 12-record 48 points against the TCU Horned Frogs in the Hilton Coliseum, surpassing Michael Beasley and Denis Clemente who had 44 points in 2008 and 2009 respectively.

College statistics

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2010–11
| style="text-align:left;"| Iowa State
| 32 || 30 || 27.8 || .486 || .232 || .695 || 6.7 || 1.2 || 1.2 || .2 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2011–12
| style="text-align:left;"| Iowa State
| 34 || 29 || 23.7 || .489 || .220 || .762 || 6.6 || 1.0 || 1.0 || .3 || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2012–13
| style="text-align:left;"| Iowa State
| 35 || 34 || 27.6 || .504 || .348 || .697 || 9.3 || 1.5 || 1.0 || .5 || 11.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2013–14
| style="text-align:left;"| Iowa State
| 34 || 33 || 32.1 || .505 || .346 || .761 || 8.4 || 1.8 || 1.2 || .7 || 17.8
|-

Professional career
After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft, Ejim played for the San Antonio Spurs during the Las Vegas Summer League. He then moved to Italy for the 2014–15 season, signing with Virtus Roma. In 29 league games for Virtus, he averaged 7.7 points and 6.3 rebounds per game. He also averaged 8.1 points and 4.3 rebounds in 18 EuroCup games.

After initially signing with German team Medi Bayreuth for the 2015–16 season, an impressive stint with the Orlando Magic during the 2015 NBA Summer League led to a training camp contract. He was waived by the Magic on October 21 after appearing in four preseason games, and subsequently joined the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League. He was waived by Erie on March 16, 2016. In 39 games, he averaged 14.6 points, 7.7 rebounds, 3.1 assists and 1.6 steals per game. Days later, he signed with Italian team Reyer Venezia Mestre for the rest of the season. In 16 games for Reyer Venezia, he averaged 9.3 points, 6.0 rebounds and 1.1 steals per game.

On June 17, 2016, Ejim re-signed with Reyer Venezia Mestre for the 2016–17 season. In June 2017, he helped Reyer Venezia win the Italian League championship while earning the Finals MVP. In 46 league games, he averaged 10.1 points, 5.5 rebounds, 1.7 assists and 1.3 steals per game. He also averaged 10.8 points, 6.0 rebounds, 1.5 assists and 1.4 steals in 22 BCL games.

On July 12, 2017, Ejim signed with Russian club UNICS for the 2017–18 season. In 30 league games, he averaged 9.4 points, 5.2 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game. He also averaged 9.2 points, 5.1 rebounds, 1.2 assists and 1.2 steals in 19 EuroCup games.

In June 2018, Ejim re-signed with UNICS for the 2018–19 season. In 23 league games, he averaged 8.5 points, 5.6 rebounds and 1.5 assists per game. He also averaged 7.2 points, 3.7 rebounds and 1.1 assists in 14 EuroCup games.

On July 25, 2019, Ejim signed a 1+1 deal with Spanish club Unicaja. In 17 league games during the 2019–20 season, he averaged 5.9 points and 2.9 rebounds per game. He also averaged 7.7 points, 3.9 rebounds, 1.8 assists and 1.2 steals in 10 EuroCup games.

On June 27, 2020, Ejim signed with Montenegrin club KK Budućnost.

On July 11, 2021, Ejim signed with Slovenian club KK Cedevita Olimpija.

On July 23, 2022, Ejim signed with Unicaja of the Liga ACB.

National team career
In June 2012, Ejim played for the Nigerian national team on their tour of China. In July 2013, he played for the Canadian national team at the World University Games, where he averaged eight points and four rebounds per game. In July 2015, he was named on the Canadian national team roster for the Pan American Games. He also played at the Tuto Marchand Cup and FIBA Americas Championship in 2015. In 2016, he represented Canada at the FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament.

On May 24, 2022, Ejim agreed to a three-year commitment to play with the Canadian senior men's national team.

Personal
Ejim is the son of Nigerian native, Elizabeth Omoghan. He is a member of the Phi Kappa Phi academic honours society.

References

External links

FIBA profile
EuroCup profile
ACB profile
LBA profile
Iowa State Cyclones bio
Sports-Reference.com profile

1991 births
Living people
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
All-American college men's basketball players
Baloncesto Málaga players
Basketball players from Toronto
Basketball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
BC UNICS players
Black Canadian basketball players
Brewster Academy alumni
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Montenegro
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Canadian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Canadian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Canadian men's basketball players
Canadian sportspeople of Nigerian descent
Erie BayHawks (2008–2017) players
Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball players
KK Cedevita Olimpija players
KK Budućnost players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Liga ACB players
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Nigerian men's basketball players
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Power forwards (basketball)
Reyer Venezia players
Small forwards
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup players


title: Yogev Hazuharoui

text:
Yogev Hazuharoui (born October 20, 1991) is an Israeli footballer who plays for Bnei Yehuda.

References

1991 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
Israeli men's footballers
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Tzafririm Holon F.C. players
Hapoel Herzliya F.C. players
Hapoel Ra'anana A.F.C. players
Hapoel Katamon Jerusalem F.C. players
Hapoel Ironi Kiryat Shmona F.C. players
Hapoel Nir Ramat HaSharon F.C. players
F.C. Kafr Qasim players
Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Footballers from Central District (Israel)
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Men's association football defenders


title: Reservoir Records

text:
Reservoir Records is jazz record label founded in 1987 by Mark and Kayla Feldman, with special attention given to a piano series. Its catalogue includes music by Kenny Barron, Nick Brignola, Steve Kuhn, Hod O'Brien, Claudio Roditi Pepper Adams, Tommy Flanagan, Al Grey, Peter Leitch, J. R. Monterose, Ralph Moore, Valery Ponomarev, Joe Puma, Don Sickler, and Buddy Tate.

Artists

Kenny Barron
Steve Kuhn
Claudio Roditi
John Hicks
Helio Alves
Dick Katz
Nick Brignola
Valery Ponomarev
Gary Smulyan
Ralph Moore
J. R. Monterose
Joe Puma
Dick Berk
Jon Mayer
John Fedchock
Don Sickler
Roni Ben-Hur
Peter Leitch

Discography

External links
Discogs label entry

References

American record labels
Jazz record labels


title: Chaves Pinheiro

text:
Francisco Manuel Chaves Pinheiro (5 September 1822 – 19 October 1884) was a Brazilian sculptor.

Career

Francisco Manuel Chaves Pinheiro was born in Rio de Janeiro on 5 September 1822.
His parents were Úrsula Maria das Virgens and Manoel Bernardes Chaves.
He entered the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts (Academia Imperial das Belas Artes) in 1835, at the age of thirteen.
He registered in the Drawing class as Francisco Manoel Chaves de Bragança, adopting his mother's name.
He enrolled in the sculpture class in 1836 as a student of Marc Ferrez.
Chaves Pinheiro was to become one of Ferrez's best-known pupils.
In December 1845 at the age of 23 he won the Academy's gold medal for his Allegory of the Liberation of Brazil.

Chaves Pinheiro married Narcissa Ferreira Netto, and then Amelia Josephine Ramos.
He had two daughters with his second wife, Claudiana and Narcisa.
He was a member of the Masonic lodge of Rio de Janeiro.
At the age of 29 he was appointed professor of Sculpture and Statuary at the Academy.
He held this post for thirty-three years, from 1851 until his death in 1884. At the Academy Chaves Pinheiro taught, created sculptures and also sat on committees to analyze submissions from European students applying for scholarships, and to decide on Brazilian submissions to international exhibitions. Chaves Pinheiro  died of heart problems on 19 October 1884 in Rio de Janeiro.

Work

Most of Chaves Pinheiro's work was made at the Academy starting with clay models that were then finished in plaster, bronze or iron with help from his students.
In some cases he started with a sketch model about 1/3 of the final work's size.
He made some works in marble or wood, but was best known for his bronze portraits of prominent people.
The Academy donated the material for this work, and the Imperial government was the main customer.
This avoided the need to maintain a studio, difficult at that time in Rio de Janeiro.
However, it imposed some rigidity over aesthetic standards.
Most of his work followed conventional neoclassical lines, although much of his work also showed a Romantic inclination.

In 1864 Chaves Pinheiro presented a model for a huge equestrian statue of the Emperor Pedro II of Brazil to be executed in bronze. The model was presented at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1867, but the project was not realized since Pedro II refused the honor, preferring that the money be spent on public education.

References

Further reading

External links

1822 births
1884 deaths
Brazilian sculptors
19th-century sculptors


title: Th. Schneider

text:
Th. Schneider was a French automobile manufacturer.

The Société anonyme des automobiles Th. Schneider was registered at Besançon on 16 June 1910.   Vehicle production finally ended early in 1930, some ten months after the company's second declaration of bankruptcy, in March 1929.

A significant proportion of the manufacturer's output was exported to England.

The founder and his name
By the time he established the company that carried his name, Schneider was already a very well seasoned automobile manufacturer.    With Edouard Rochet, Schnieder had been involved since 1889 or 1894 with the Lyon based Rochet-Schneider company.

Although Schneider had apparently been registered at birth with the name "Théodore Schneider", many friends and business partners knew him as "Théophile Schneider".   Use of the name Th. Schneider for his automobile company avoided the need to arbitrate between the two names.

The cars

Pre-war
The manufacturer started out producing a range of cars with side valve 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder engines.   In most respects these were conventional cars, apart from the "dashboard mounted" radiators, positioned ahead of the driver but behind the (front mounted) engine.   By the time war broke out in August 1914, the  Th. Schneider range comprised seven 4-cylinder engined cars with engine sizes that ranged from 1.8-litres to 6.1-litres.  There was also a 3.2-litre 6-cylinder engined model.

During these years the manufacturer also participated in motor racing, taking part in the French Grand Prix in two successive years.

1920s
In October 1919 the manufacturer took a stand at the 15th Paris Motor Show, and was already exhibiting a range of four different cars, with wheelbases of between  and .   They all used 4-cylinder engines with cylinder diameters that placed them respectively in the 12HP, 14HP, 18HP and 26HP car tax bands.   The engine capacities were 2,292cc, 3,030cc, 3,958cc and 5,500cc.   The cars offered for the 1920 model year were not strikingly different from those that had been offered before the war, but the radiators were mounted in front of the engines, which by now was becoming standard practice across most of the French auto-industry  (although Renault would persist in placing the radiator behind the engine till 1929).   During the early 1920s the Th. Schneider range became broader (and more complex).

The business prospered through the middle 1920s.   One of the best remembered models, built since 1922, was the Th. Schneider 10HP which sat on a  wheelbase, and was powered by a 1,947cc engine that was offered with a side-valve engine for "normal" use or with overhead valves in a "sport" version.   At the 19th Paris Motor Show in October 1924 the manufacturer was offering this car with a "Torpedo" type body for 29,000 francs.   From the volume makers, a "Torpedo" bodied Renault 10HP was listed only 22,500 francs at the same show and a comparably sized "all-steel" Citroën Type B10 was offered for even less, but the mass-produced Citroën still had serious structural issues to overcome, and at this stage the French automarket was still able to absorb cars in this class from the smaller automakers as well as from the high volume companies.

Financial Troubles
The company was declared bankrupt for the first time in November 1921, but was able to persuade the court to permit resumption of its activities thirteen months later.  Th. Schneider was then able to enjoy several years of successful business due to the excellent reputation of its cars.   Nevertheless, financial problems hit the business again in 1928, ending in a second bankruptcy in March 1929.    Production was progressively run down, presumably in order to use up existing inventory, but early in 1930 the factory doors were closed for the last time.

Sources and notes

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1910
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1930
French companies established in 1910
1930 disestablishments in France

fr:Théodore Schneider


title: 2001 Bolivian census

text:
The Tenth Census of Bolivia was conducted on 5 September 2001. The population was 8,274,325.

References

2001 in Bolivia
Censuses in Bolivia
Bolivia