The Employee Health Care Protection Act of 2013 () is a bill that would permit a health insurance issuer that has in effect health insurance coverage in the group market on any date during 2013 to continue offering such coverage for sale during 2014 outside of a health care exchange established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Background
President Barack Obama, when arguing in favor of healthcare reform and talking about his signature legislation, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Obama often said that "if you like your plan, you can keep it" in reference to individuals' health insurance plans. However, the ten requirements from the ACA meant that some existing health insurance plans were being forced to be discontinued.

Provisions of the bill
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.

The Employee Health Care Protection Act of 2013 would permit a health insurance issuer that has in effect health insurance coverage in the group market on any date during 2013 to continue offering such coverage for sale during 2014 outside of a health care exchange established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The bill would treat such coverage as a grandfathered health plan for purposes of an individual meeting the requirement to maintain minimum essential health coverage.

Congressional Budget Office report
This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy & Commerce on July 30, 2014, with modifications reflected in Rules Committee Print 113-56 and an amendment (HR3522-RCP-AMD_01.XML) posted on the website of the Committee on Rules on September 8, 2014. This is a public domain source.

H.R. 3522, as amended, would allow insurers to offer group health insurance plans that they offered on any date during 2013 until December 31, 2018, regardless of whether the coverage they provide complies with the market and benefit rules that took effect on January 1, 2014, under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Groups would be allowed to enroll in such plans even if they had not previously been covered by them, and people enrolled in those plans would be considered to be in compliance with the individual mandate imposed by the ACA, which requires most residents of the United States to have “minimum essential coverage” (as defined in that act) beginning in 2014. However, insurers would not be allowed to offer such coverage through health insurance exchanges.

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation estimate that enacting H.R. 3522 would increase federal revenues by a total of $1.25 billion over the fiscal years 2015 to 2024. About $400 million of that increase in revenues would be off-budget (Social Security payroll tax collections are classified as off-budget).

Pay-as-you-go procedures apply to H.R. 3522 because enacting the legislation would affect revenues. H.R. 3522 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

Procedural history
The Employee Health Care Protection Act of 2013 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on November 18, 2013 by Rep. Bill Cassidy (R, LA-6). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce, the United States House Committee on Ways and Means, and the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Health. On September 8, 2014 the Committee reported the bill alongside House Report 113-580. The House voted on September 11, 2014 in Roll Call Vote 495 to pass the bill 247-167. There were twenty-five Democrats who voted in favor of the bill.

President Barack Obama released a Statement of Administration Policy announcing that "if the President were presented with H.R. 3522, he would veto it."

Debate and discussion
Rep. Cassidy, who sponsored the bill, said that the "legislation is about keeping a promise and doing right by the American people." Cassidy said that they should "keep the promise to middle class workers and ensure that if they like their healthcare plan, they can keep it."

Opponents, such as Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ), argued that "this bill is nothing more than another political attack on the Affordable Care Act."

The Congressional Budget Office estimated that at least 2 million people would probably sign up for the health insurance plans that would once again be legal if this bill were to pass.

See also
List of bills in the 113th United States Congress

References

External links

Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 3522
beta.congress.gov H.R. 3522
GovTrack.us H.R. 3522
OpenCongress.org H.R. 3522
WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 3522
House Republican Conference's legislative digest on H.R. 3522
Congressional Budget Office's report on H.R. 3522

Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress


title: Indra Petersons

text:
Indra Valija Petersons (born June 22, 1980) is an American meteorologist. She formerly worked as the weather anchor for CNN's early morning program "New Day". She is also formerly a meteorologist for KABC-TV in Los Angeles, where she was born and raised. She is currently a meteorologist at NBC News.

Early life and education
Petersons was born Indra Valija Petersons on June 22, 1980, in Los Angeles, California,. Her father is Dr. Viesturs T. Petersons, a neurosurgeon, and mother Silvija Petersons (née Ducis).  She has two older sisters, Astra and Brita. She is of Latvian descent. Her first language is Latvian, and she is fluent in English.

Petersons is a 1998 graduate of La Cañada High School in La Cañada Flintridge, California. She then went on to graduate from the University of Arizona with a Bachelor of Science degree in Atmospheric Physics in 2002, also minoring in business, math and physics.

Career
In 2002, Petersons got her start as a meteorologist for KVIA in El Paso, Texas. The same year she went on to KEYT in Santa Barbara, California. In 2003, she became a meteorologist and weather producer and she did reporting on environmental and general assignment issues at KABC in Los Angeles, California. She held the position until she left for CNN's New Day show in 2013, where she did weather segments for CNN Newsroom. She holds an American Meteorological Society Certified Broadcast Meteorologist certificate. She currently works for NBC News.

Personal life
Petersons married Jake Wood of Bettendorf, Iowa, a former United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper and co-founder of Team Rubicon, on August 10, 2013.

References

External links
 Official website
 CNN profile
 Indra.tv

Living people
1980 births
American television meteorologists
American people of German descent
American people of Latvian descent
CNN people
University of Arizona alumni
People from Los Angeles


title: Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri

text:
Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

References

External links
Type strain of Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Nitrobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 2014


title: Statue of Horace Greeley (City Hall Park)

text:
An outdoor bronze sculpture of Horace Greeley by artist John Quincy Adams Ward and architect Richard Morris Hunt is located in City Hall Park in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1890, the seated statue is set on a Quincy granite pedestal.

History
The statue was dedicated outside the New York Tribune Building, just east of City Hall Park, on September 20, 1890. The statue was ordered to be moved in 1915 because it projected from Tribune Building's lot line, and because the building's ground-floor space behind the statue had been leased. The statue was moved to City Hall Park on June 19, 1916.

See also

 Tributes to Horace Greeley

References

External links

 City Hall Park. Horace Greeley statue. at NYPL Digital Collections

1890 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Manhattan
Horace Greeley
Monuments and memorials in Manhattan
Outdoor sculptures in Manhattan
Sculptures of men in New York City
Statues in New York City
Greeley


title: Phaula

text:
Phaula is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Phaula antiqua Thomson, 1857
 Phaula atyroa Galileo & Martins, 2007
 Phaula bullula Martins, 1984
 Phaula lichenigera (Perty, 1832)
 Phaula microsticta (Lane, 1973)
 Phaula splendida (Galileo & Martins, 1987)
 Phaula thomsoni Lacordaire, 1872

References

Aerenicini


title: Mercado Medellín

text:
The Mercado de Medellín ("Medellín market"), also Mercado Medellín and officially Mercado Melchor Ocampo is a public market located on Medellín street in Colonia Roma Sur neighborhood of Mexico City. It is known as the market in the city where one can find produce and goods from other countries in Latin America such as Colombia and Cuba, whose flags hang from many stalls, as well as from Yucatán in Mexico. It has been nicknamed "La Pequeña Habana" (Little Havana), and there are over 500 stalls in total.

References

Colonia Roma
Immigration to Mexico
Retail markets in Mexico City


title: HMS Algiers (1854)

text:
HMS Algiers was a 91-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy.

She was initially ordered from Pembroke Dockyard on 3 October 1833 as a 110-gun first rate to a design by Sir William Symonds. On 10 December 1834, the order for Algiers was changed to a 74-gun two decker, but this was changed once more to a 110-gun ship on 5 February 1839. The order was amended once more, to complete her as a 90-gun Albion-class ship of the line on 26 December 1840, and she was laid down at Plymouth Dockyard on 10 July 1843. Her designs were amended once more, and she was re-ordered on 25 April 1847 to a lengthened design. The Admiralty ordered that she be fitted with screw propulsion while under construction in 1852.

In May 1855, she took part in the capture of Kerch and Yenikale during the Crimean War. Afterwards, she saw service in Malta and was later a depot ship for the gunboat flotilla at Portsmouth. She was present at the 1856 Fleet Review at Spithead.

References

1854 ships
Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon


title: Pinchem, Todd County, Kentucky

text:
Pinchem (sometimes spelled "Penchem") is an unincorporated community located in Todd County, Kentucky, United States.

Geography
Pinchem is concentrated around the intersection of Kentucky Route 848 and Kentucky Route 181, southeast of Trenton, and a few miles north of the Kentucky-Tennessee state line.

History
The place was also called Pinchem Slyly in regard to obtaining illegal alcohol.

References

Unincorporated communities in Todd County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky


title: Diving at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 10 metre platform

text:
The women's 10 metre platform was part of the Diving at the 2014 Commonwealth Games program. The competition was held on 31 July 2014 at Royal Commonwealth Pool in Edinburgh.

Schedule
All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Format
The 12 divers will dive compete in a preliminary round, with each driver making five dives.  All 12 divers will advance to the final round during the evening session, where all previous scores will be cleared.

Results
Green denotes finalists

References

Diving at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Com


title: Nevada State Route 82

text:
Former State Route 82 (SR 82), also known as Belmont Road, is a road in Nye and Eureka counties in the U.S. state of Nevada, extending from State Route 376 (former State Route 8A) north of Tonopah northeast to U.S. Route 50 west of Eureka via Belmont. The southern portion from SR 376 to Belmont is paved, but the northern segment is unimproved.

Although still commonly referred to as State Route 82, the highway is not maintained by the Nevada Department of Transportation. It was eliminated as a state route as part of a Nevada state route renumbering project that began in 1976. The highway last appeared as a state route in the 1980 edition of the official Nevada Highway Map.

References

082
SR 082
SR 082


title: WWE Network (Canadian TV channel)

text:
WWE Network is a Canadian English language discretionary specialty channel programmed by WWE and distributed by Rogers Sports & Media. Its programming consists entirely of the linear feed offered as part of the WWE Network video streaming service.

History and distribution
The channel launched on August 12, 2014, using a dedicated channel within the existing Sportsnet PPV licence, similar to how Rogers initially distributed the Sportsnet World service. The channel is offered on a subscription basis on Rogers Cable and, according to Rogers, has been offered to all other cable, satellite, and IPTV service providers across Canada. Rogers has indicated that other providers have shown interest in carrying the channel, but that negotiations are ongoing and may "take some time".

Rogers also sponsored an application by WWE to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to add the WWE Network (U.S.) linear channel as a non-Canadian programming service authorized for distribution, which will ultimately replace the Rogers-operated PPV channel. This application was published on September 10, 2014, and was open for public comment until October 10.

The launch of WWE Network in Canada as a traditional cable TV channel is part of an exclusive Canadian distribution agreement between Rogers and WWE, which runs through 2024, and includes Rogers' Sportsnet 360 retaining exclusive rights to WWE's weekly programming (E!'s reality series Total Divas, which airs on its Canadian counterpart, owned by Bell Media, was not affected by this agreement). This means that Rogers controls the Canadian distribution of WWE Network and will not immediately be making it available on an over-the-top basis (i.e. without going through a service provider such as Rogers), though Rogers has not ruled out making it available via over-the-top (OTT) in the future.

On November 26, 2014, The CRTC approved adding the WWE Network to the list of non-Canadian programming services authorized for distribution (the list), part of the approval for the WWE Network. Rogers confirmed that the WWE Network service that it proposed to distribute in Canada would broadcast the same content as that broadcast by the WWE Network service in the United States and that the service would complement its other offerings, such as various sporting programs on Sportsnet 360 and live events on pay-per-view.

On December 17, 2014, the network launched on Eastlink, making it the first provider other than Rogers to carry it. On February 12, 2015, Rogers announced a carriage agreement with Cogeco, Shaw, Vidéotron and Telus. It launched for Telus TV, Videotron, Bell Satellite TV and Bell Fibe TV on February 25, Cogeco Cable on March 24, and Shaw and Shaw Direct on March 17.

As of March 9, 2015, those who have subscribed to the WWE Network, via a cable or satellite provider, can now access it through the over-the-top streaming service. This service is currently available to Rogers, Eastlink, and Optik TV subscribers, with more to be added in the future. As of late 2015 Sasktel has begun carrying the WWE Network.

On March 23, 2017, WWE Network On Demand launched on Bell Fibe TV On Demand, Fibe TV App, Bell Satellite TV On Demand and Bell Aliant Fibe TV On Demand.

As of October 1, 2021, WWE Network became available as a standalone service in Canada through Rogers' Sportsnet Now over-the-top streaming service.

Programming

The channel itself carries approximately 20 hours of programming each day, seven days a week, drawn directly from the U.S. streaming service's linear channel. The subscription also includes access to a video on demand library with a limited number of offerings, accessible via cable set-top box (somewhat similar to the former WWE Classics on Demand package), but does not currently provide access to the Internet-based on-demand library.

See also

New Japan Pro Wrestling World
Professional wrestling in Canada

References

External links

WWE Network
Television channels and stations established in 2014
Sports television networks in Canada
Sportsnet
Rogers Communications
English-language television stations in Canada
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Professional wrestling in Canada
Professional wrestling streaming services
WWE in Canada
2014 establishments in Canada


title: Helge Pedersen

text:
Helge Pedersen (born c. 1955) is a long-distance motorcyclist originally from Kristiansand, Norway, who now resides in Seattle, Washington. He traveled more than  touring the world on a BMW R80G/S adventure touring motorcycle between 1982 and 1992. This journey is recounted in his book 10 Years on 2 Wheels. The motorcycle he rode on was placed on display at the BMW Museum in Munich.

Pedersen has been "prominent in the motorcycle industry", continuing to ride and lead tours since 1993. For example, he led three  trips to Tierra del Fuego by 2013.

He started a motorcycle touring company in his city of residence, Seattle in 1998, and has published a series of instructional and adventure documentary DVDs.

Bibliography/filmography

GlobeRiders documentary DVD series
Africa Adventure  (2011)
Eurasian Odyssey  (2009)
IndoChina Expedition  (2008)
Silk Road Adventure  (2007)
Iceland Expedition  (2006)
GlobeRiders instructional DVD series: BMW F800GS Adventure Touring Instructional DVD, BMW R1200GS Adventure Touring Instructional DVD, BMW R1100GS/1150GS Adventure Touring Instructional DVD, BMW F650GS Adventure Touring Instructional DVD

References

Further reading

BMW R1200GS Adventure build, Ultimate Motorcycling

Long-distance motorcycle riders
Businesspeople from Seattle
Writers from Seattle
American travel writers
American male non-fiction writers
American documentary filmmakers
Motorcycle tour guides
Motorcycle touring writers
1950s births
Living people
People from Kristiansand
Norwegian emigrants to the United States


title: Aimee Boorman

text:
Aimee Boorman (born Aimee Banghart; March 27, 1973) is an American artistic gymnastics coach. She coached 2016 Olympic champion and 2013-2015 world champion Simone Biles. She was the USA women's gymnastics team head coach at the 2016 Rio Olympics.  , she serves as an assistant coach for the Netherlands' women's gymnastic team.

Early life
Aimee Boorman was born and raised by a single mother in the Rogers Park area of Chicago. She began gymnastics classes with the Chicago Park District at age 6. To help earn money at age 13, she started coaching at the Lakeshore Gymnastics Club.  She attended Lane Technical High School, which had a strong gymnastics program, where she excelled in floor exercises, winning the city championship in that event as a freshman.

She realized she would not become an Olympic gymnast herself, but she considered continuing in the sport as a coach. In college at Northern Illinois University she became a member of the social sorority Delta Phi Epsilon. While at first reluctant to continue coaching and pursue a degree, she missed the sport and took a part-time coaching position. She graduated with a business degree related to sports management in 1995. That same year, when her friend had interviews in Houston, she went along on a whim and lined up interviews for herself. She was offered a coaching job.

Coaching career
Boorman's first coaching job in Texas was at Cypress Academy of Gymnastics located in Houston. Boorman started working at Bannon's Gymnastix in 1996. She began coaching Simone Biles in 2005, when Biles was eight years old. Biles rose to prominence in 2013 after becoming U.S. national champion and world all-around champion in her senior debut.

Boorman was the head coach at Bannon's, where Biles trained under her, until 2014, when they both left. She and Biles temporarily trained at AIM Athletics in The Woodlands, Texas, until Biles' parents' new gymnastics facility, World Champions Centre, opened. The facility is located in Spring, Texas, and Boorman was the team manager and head coach.

Boorman was named head coach of the United States women gymnastics team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Post-Olympics, she left World Champions Centre and took the executive director position at Evo Athletics in Sarasota, FL.

Personal life
Boorman was raised in Chicago and resides in Florida.  Boorman married husband James in 2000. Together the couple has three children.

References

External links
 Aimee Boorman at World Champion Centre

1973 births
Living people
Gymnastics coaches from Illinois
Sportspeople from Chicago
Northern Illinois University alumni
People from Spring, Texas
Olympic coaches for the United States


title: Witzchoura

text:
A witzchoura (sometimes witz-chouras) was a type of mantle, pelisse, or sleeved cloak, with a large collar and, sometimes, a hood, that was particularly fashionable in the early 19th century. The term derives from the Polish word wilczura, meaning 'wolf fur coat'. It was inspired by Polish styles, hence sometimes being described as a la Polonaise, although it is not the same as the gown called a polonaise. Like the original hussar's pelisse, it was typically lined with fur.

The witzchoura is said to have emerged about 1808, soon after Napoleon met with his Polish mistress, Marie Walewska, and was worn throughout the first half of the 19th century. Versions of the witzchoura were still being worn for travelling in 1849.

See also

References

19th-century fashion
History of clothing (Western fashion)
Robes and cloaks
Polish clothing


title: Crosby's Opera House

text:
Crosby's Opera House (1865–1871) was an opera house in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was founded by Uranus H. Crosby in 1865 with the goal of advancing the arts in Chicago by bringing opera to the city. The five-story building was designed by William W. Boyington and contained statues of painting, sculpture, music and commerce that welcomed visitors as they entered through the arch of the building. After holding only occasional performances, Crosby ran into many business difficulties that resulted in a decision to sell the building in 1866. The Crosby Opera House Art Association was formed to help Crosby sell the building by lottery. The lottery distributed over 210,000 tickets, awarding purchasers great works of art and even the building itself. After being sold back to Crosby by the lottery winner, A.H. Lee, the hall began producing more consistent performances. The opera house stood for less than six and a half years before it was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and was never rebuilt.

In 1989 the city demolished the deteriorated properties on the site where it once stood, and took decades to subsequently formalize plans for redevelopment of the so-called Block 37. During the city's twenty-year discussion regarding what to do with the property, it was used as an art studio for Chicago public school students and as a skating rink through the winter season.

History
Uranus Harold Crosby came to Chicago from Chatham, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1850. He did so on recommendation of his cousin Albert, who insisted that the city was well-cultured. Albert had arrived two years earlier to establish a liquor and tea trading house, Albert Crosby & Co. In 1851, the cousins established a liquor manufactory and the operation became the largest wholesale distributor of distilled alcohol and camphine.

Despite his new-found wealth, Uranus Crosby was disappointed at the lack of culture that he was promised in Chicago. The growing city could offer little more than brothels, saloons, and gambling houses for entertainment. The area's only theater, built by John Blake Rice in 1847, had been destroyed in a fire shortly before Crosby's arrival. When Rice rebuilt the theater in 1851, Crosby was disappointed by Rice's lack of interest in exhibiting opera performances. James Hubert McVicker, a close friend of Crosby's who was a neighbor in the Briggs House hotel, built a playhouse. Crosby probably assisted McVicker with raising credit for the institution.

By 1855, Rice had retired from the theater business, leaving his theater a house of novelty shows. McVicker's Theater became the cultural center of Chicago entertainment, but Crosby believed that the city was overdue for a grand opera house like the ones he knew back East. He selected a site on the north side of Washington Street between State Street and Dearborn Avenue, then embarked with architect William W. Boyington on a tour of opera houses in Union cities. Boyington then designed Crosby's Opera House with assistant architect John W. Roberts.

The building itself was five stories. The first floor housed businesses like music publishers Root & Cady, the piano store of W.W. Kimball, and the restaurant of H.M. Kinsley. The second and third floors were occupied by business offices and the fourth floor was an art gallery equipped with studios for the artists.  The 3,000-seat opera house was situated in the rear of the building. The center of the ceiling was a dome encircled by paintings of Beethoven, Mozart, Auber, Weber, Verdi, and Wagner. Surrounding it were frescoes that were painted by Otto Jevne and Peter M. Almini, who were partners in a Chicago decorating firm specializing in ornamental painting. A forty foot painting of Aurora, based on Guido Reni's fresco, was displayed at the front of the stage above the orchestra. Wellbaum & Bauman handled carpentry and masonry with cut stone work by L. H. Boldenweck. The structure cost $600,000 (), which ruined Crosby financially.

Early performances
Crosby's Opera House was scheduled to open April 17, 1865. The conductor Jules Grau would lead the inaugural series of Italian operas, performed by a company from New York City's Academy of Music featuring Clara Louise Kellogg. However, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln forced a three-day delay in the house's opening. Il trovatore was the first performance, followed by a four-week season with Lucia di Lammermoor, Il Poliuto, Martha, Norma, Faust, Linda di Chamounix, La sonnambula, I puritani, Un ballo in maschera, Dom Sébastien, Lucrezia Borgia, Ernani, and Fra Diavolo. Many of the performances were assessed by critic George Upton, a critic for the Chicago Tribune who arrived to Chicago in 1855 with a bachelor of music degree from Brown University. Upton favored Italian opera and had strong feelings against Wagnerian opera.

Because the opera house did not employ a permanent company, performances were not consistently scheduled. In late May 1865, three comedies and a performance of Hamlet were staged as a benefit for the Chicago Sanitary Fair. Karl Formes gave concerts that September, followed by performances by the Hanlon Brothers comedy group. The Music Hall annex, intended mostly for lectures and concerts, was completed on November 29. It was here that Edwin Forrest made his first appearance in Chicago since 1848 on January 22, 1866 with a company led by John Edward McCullough and James Edward Murdoch gave a reading for charity on February 5, 1866.

After its brief heyday, the opera house began to experience a lull in activity. Crosby had overestimated the demand for opera in the city. The public's disinterest in operatic performances paired with Crosby's inexperience as a theater manager contributed to Crosby falling further into debt. The opera house remained open between opera performances by programming minstrel shows like comedy acts, dancing, and theater performances.

The Crosby Opera House lottery

By May 1866, investors were weary of the leadership of Crosby, who failed to make significant profit on the property. The Crosby Opera House Art Association was formed and they organized a scheme to raise funds and dispose of property through a lottery. Instead of having people think they were gambling, they encouraged people to believe they were promoting culture in the city. For $5 a ticket, people would receive an engraving and had the chance to acquire the opera house or any of its holdings.  Works from the art gallery wing were of particular interest. The lottery was very successful, and the association had to open branch offices in other cities to comply with the demand for tickets. In the meantime, the money raised helped the opera house to hold performances from Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa and Pasquale Brignoli, which were free to anyone holding a ticket. The prizes, and their values advertised, were:

First: Crosby's Opera House, valued at $600,000 plus $30,000 expected earnings per year of use
Second: Albert Bierstadt's The Yo Semite Valley, valued at $20,000.
Third: Jasper Francis Cropsey's An American Autumn, valued at $9,000
Fourth: Christian Schussele's Washington Irving and His Friends, valued at $5,000
Fifth: James McDougal Hart's Woods in Autumn, valued at $5,000
Sixth: Constant Mayer's Recognition, valued at $5,000
Seventh: William Holbrook Beard's Deer on the Prairie, valued at $4,000
Eighth: Régis François Gignoux's Alpine Scenery, valued at $3,000

The drawing was originally scheduled for October 11, 1866, but because of high ticket demand it was delayed until January 21, 1867. The association distributed 210,000 tickets and offered three hundred and two prizes, with the opera house as the grand prize. 25,593 tickets were purchased by Crosby in hopes of maintaining ownership; the rest were sold. Most shops and businesses in Chicago closed so that employees could attend the event. Nineteen trusted public officials from around the country such as banker William F. Coolbaugh, former Lieutenant Governor of Illinois Francis Hoffmann, American Express agent J. C. Fargo, and historian David Pulsifer oversaw the drawing. On the morning of the 21st, special trains brought ticket-buyers from all over the country into the city. At precisely 11 AM the first ticket number was pulled out of a drum. This continued until 112 pieces of art were awarded to visiting patrons. Woods in Autumn was won by J. J. Taylor of Springfield, Illinois and Alpine Scenery was awarded to E. P. Dwyer of Chicago. Crosby maintained possession of The Yo Semite Valley, An American Autumn, and a sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Leonard Volk, valued at $2,500. Deer on the Prairie was awarded to Daniel Russell of Boston, Massachusetts. A. H. Lee of Prairie du Rocher, Illinois had the winning ticket, #58,600, for the opera house. However, Lee's wife was ill and he had little interest in leaving her for Chicago. On January 25, 1867, he met with Crosby in Chicago and agreed to sell the house to him for $200,000. The public bought over $1,000,000 in chances on a $600,000 building. Subtracting the $200,000 given to A.H. Lee, Crosby paid off the construction cost and pocketed profits all while still maintaining ownership of the opera house. Given the convenience of the transaction, the public began to speculate as to whether or not A. H. Lee even existed or if Crosby had staged the outcome. Shortly after, Uranus Crosby returned to Massachusetts.

Later engagements
Adelaide Ristori made her first Chicago appearance the day after the lottery, January 22, 1867, as the lead role in Médée. James William Wallack and Edward Loomis Davenport gave a rendition of Othello on September 16. Edward Payson Weston held two receptions on November 28 after completing his walk from Portland, Maine. Patrick Gilmore's band, featuring Camilla Urso, began a series of concerts starting January 20, 1868. Fanny Janauschek performed for two weeks starting February 18. Works included Médée, Adriana Lecouvreur, Marie Stuart, Deborah, Love and Intrigue, and Emilia Galotti. Edwin Forrest made a final appearance in Chicago on March 23. The opera house was host to the 1868 Republican National Convention.

In November 1869, Lydia Thompson brought her troupe of dancers for a burlesque. She returned the next year on February 14. Thompson performed again on the 24th with Pauline Markham; after a particularly foul review by Wilbur F. Storey in the Chicago Times, Thompson and Markham assaulted Storey in the street. Four were arrested and the trial made headlines. In April 1870, the Germania Männerchor gave three performances of The Magic Flute. In May, they exhibited Stradella. In November, Marie Seebach presented Marie Stuart and Faust.

Christina Nilsson sang three concerts in December 1870. Starting on December 28 and continuing for over a month, notorious businessman James Fisk leased the house for his production, The Twelve Temptations. Following the outrage over Rev. Lorenzo Sabine's refusal to accept the remains of actor George Holland, a charity event was held on February 16, 1871 at Crosby's, raising almost $2,000 in support of Rev. George Hendric Houghton at the Little Church Around the Corner. Charles Wyndham gave the last major performance, a two-week engagement with his English Comedy Company.

Destruction
In the summer of 1871, the opera house underwent alterations after $80,000 had been raised to lavishly redecorate the venue. An advertisement stated that the Crosby Opera House was to re-open on October 9, 1871 with a performance by Theodore Thomas. Theodore Thomas was on tour in early October 1871 and had planned to head to the opera house for a two-week series event of orchestral concerts for the reopening. However, two years of planning were wasted when a fire tore through the city on the night before the re-opening. By the evening of the next day, the Great Chicago Fire had destroyed over  of the city, including Crosby's Opera House.

When the fire bell alarmed on Sunday, October 8, many Chicagoans paid no attention since the summer had been particularly dry and there had already been several fires. A strong wind blew through the city and exhausted the firefighters' efforts. By Tuesday morning the fire had ended and nearly 300 people died, 100,000 were homeless, and Chicago's business district was in ruins. Chief usher James S. Osgood and Crosby went back to the opera house to save some of the art gallery. They took large pictures out of the frames and lowered them by rope out of the windows, eventually taking them to Garrisons House at 226 South Wabash Street. Thomas and his orchestra played a benefit concert at their next stop in St. Louis in honor of the Chicago area. It was never rebuilt, and there was no permanent venue for opera in the city until the Chicago Opera House opened in 1885.

References

1865 establishments in Illinois
1871 disestablishments in Illinois
Music venues completed in 1865
Music venues in Chicago
Opera houses in Illinois
Theatres in Chicago
Theatres completed in 1865
Burned buildings and structures in the United States
Demolished buildings and structures in Chicago
Former theatres in the United States


title: Human Factor (TV series)

text:
The Human Factor () is an Armenian weekday television news broadcast and talk show, first aired in 2013 on June 10 on Armenia TV. It aims to address difficult social issues.

Links
«Արմենիա» հեռուստաընկերության կայքում
Հաղորդումներ

2013 Armenian television series debuts
Armenian television talk shows
Armenia TV original programming


title: Propantodice

text:
Propantodice grisea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Propantodice. It was described by Franz in 1954.

References

Aerenicini
Beetles described in 1954
Monotypic beetle genera


title: St Matthew (Hals)

text:
St. Matthew is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Frans Hals, painted in 1625 and now in the Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art, Odesa.

Painting
The painting shows Saint Matthew sitting at a desk reading with an angel at his elbow. This painting was documented in the 18th century but was considered lost until the 1950s, when two tronies were discovered languishing in the storerooms of the Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art in 1958 by art historian Irina Linnik. At the time they were considered to be by unknown 19th-century painters, but Linnik recognized them as the work of a 17th-century master and eventually traced their history back to the 17th century, identifying them as two of four lost paintings by Hals of the evangelists, namely Luke and Matthew. After her work was published in 1959, the two paintings were included in the 1962 Frans Hals exhibition in the Frans Hals Museum. The international attention helped to spur art detectives and eventually the other two of John and Mark were also rediscovered.

In his 1989 catalog of the international Frans Hals exhibition, Slive included a photo of Hals' Two singing boys with a lute and a music book to show that his theme of a main subject with a secondary witness was common to many of Hals' paintings of the 1620s and the models as secondary witness in these two paintings were clearly cousins.

Two singing boys and Matthew:

The four evangelists by Hals:

See also
 List of paintings by Frans Hals

References

Paintings by Frans Hals
Ukrainian art
1625 paintings
Paintings in Ukraine
Hals
Books in art
Angels in art


title: Walter G. McGahan

text:
Walter G. McGahan (August 21, 1902 – January 17, 1981) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

Life
He was born on August 21, 1902, in Greenwich Village, New York City. He attended St. James Academy and Brooklyn Preparatory School. He graduated from Fordham Law School in 1926, and practiced law in New York City. He married Edna Salisbury, and they had one daughter.

McGahan was a member of the New York City Council from 1947 to 1954.

He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1955 to 1958, sitting in the 170th and 171st New York State Legislatures. In November 1957, he ran on the Republican ticket for New York City Comptroller, but was defeated by the incumbent Democrat Lawrence E. Gerosa. In November 1958, McGahan ran for re-election to the State Senate, but was defeated by Democrat Jack E. Bronston.

He was Deputy State Superintendent of Insurance from May 1959 to October 1967.

He died on January 17, 1981, at his home in Bayside, Queens.

Sources

1902 births
1981 deaths
People from Bayside, Queens
Republican Party New York (state) state senators
Fordham University School of Law alumni
20th-century American politicians
Brooklyn Preparatory School alumni


title: Pseudomecas

text:
Pseudomecas is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Pseudomecas elegantissima Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Pseudomecas femoralis Aurivillius, 1920
 Pseudomecas nigricornis Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Pseudomecas pallidicornis Aurivillius, 1923
 Pseudomecas pickeli (Melzer, 1930)
 Pseudomecas suturalis Martins & Galileo, 1985

References

Aerenicini


The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (, SiS) is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The agency arrange compulsory care for young people with psychosocial problems and for adults suffering from substance abuse problems. SiS offers a number of different treatment plans and mandatory care, when voluntary intervention have failed, and the right to forcibly detain and isolate individuals has become necessary. Decisions regarding compulsory care is made by the administrative court, on the application of social services.

SiS runs residential homes for young people with psychosocial problems, suffering from substance abuse problems, or having committed crimes, under the terms of the Care of Young Persons Special Provisions Act (abbreviated LVU) and the Secure Youth Care Act (LSU). SiS also operates homes for adults with alcohol abuse problems, substance abuse problems, or a combination of these under the Care of Substance Abusers Special Provisions Act (LVM).

Residential homes for young people
About 1,300 children and young people each year are placed at one of SiS's residential homes for young people, under the terms of LVU. The average time spent in these homes are around five months, and just over half are discharged within three months. Everyone is given a treatment plan based on their individual needs and circumstances, and treatment is planned together with the patient, family and social services. The most common therapeutic approach is cognitive behavioural therapy. Methods of treatment include: Aggression Replacement Training, Relapse Prevention, Motivational Interviewing and individual psychotherapy.

Secure youth care
Young people between the ages of 15 and 17, who commit serious criminal offences such as robbery, aggravated assault, rape, manslaughter or murder can be sentenced to a high-security youth care unit, managed by the SiS. As treatment progresses the person is moved to more open units, and aftercare is the responsibility of social services.

Homes for adults with substance misuse
Approximately one thousand adults with serious substance abuse problems are taken into care each year, and admitted to one of SiS homes for people with substance misuse problems, under the terms of LVM. Compulsory care is limited to a maximum of six months. During that time, the client is detoxified, receives care and medical treatment. The methods of treatment vary from patient to patient. Motivational Interviewing, Relapse Prevention, the Community Reinforcement Approach and 12-Step programmes are the most common methods.

See also
Crime in Sweden
Swedish Prison and Probation Service

Notes
 SFS 1990:52 and SFS 1998:641
 1988:870

References

External links
Swedish National Board of Institutional Care (In English)

Crime in Sweden
Government agencies of Sweden
Medical and health organizations based in Sweden
Prison and correctional agencies
Penal system in Sweden
National law enforcement agencies of Sweden

sv:Statens institutionsstyrelse


title: Olga Kryshtanovskaya

text:
Olga Viktorovna Kryshtanovskaya (; born 1954) is a Russian sociologist, activist and State Duma deputy from the United Russia party.

Education and career
Kryshtanovskaya works for  since 1989. In 2003 she discovered that majority of former KGB officials and military personnel are heading the government. In 2005 she published her research under a title of Putin's Elite and since 1991 have published 34 studies. In 2007 she estimated that only 26% of the military personnel that are currently in Kremlin belong to the Siloviki group though this rises to 78% if all those with some connection to military or security services are counted. interview with Radio Free Europe she compared Vladimir Putin to Yuri Andropov saying that:
Andropov thought that the Communist Party had to keep power in its hands and to conduct an economic liberalization. This was the path China followed. For people in the security services, China is the ideal model. They see this as the correct course. They think that [former Russian President Boris] Yeltsin went along the wrong path, as did Gorbachev.

In 1992 she founded and headed the Institute of Applied Politics think tank (ЗАО Институт прикладной политики).

United Russia
In 2009 she joined the United Russia party and became its deputy which was followed by the foundation of :ru:Отличницы party in 2010 and two years later became Putin's trustee.

In 2010 she said this about Dmitry Medvedev's policies:

Medvedev might find himself without support from the bureaucracy. Politicians are bound to start thinking one fine day whether they ought to continue supporting the man who would not support them. It is not an idle threat. Consider the opposition leaders we have in Russia nowadays. All of them from Zyuganov to Nemtsov to Yavlinsky to Kasyanov are political 'exiles' if I might use the term.

In 2011 she said that only 6% of Russian women are into politics while the higher education for women is over 50%.

On 12 June 2012 in an interview with Dozhd channel, she said that she will revoke her United Russia membership and will begin to study Russian Revolution since the country is in that phase according to her.

In 2013 amid President Putin's remarks about Aleksei Navalny she said that it is Putin's attempt at making sure that the criminal justice system is respected in Russia. The same year she also was quoted saying in The Moscow Times that athletes in other countries of the world will try to boycott 2014 Winter Olympics if Russia will not change its stance on anti-gay laws.

In 2017, she denied any corruption in the Kremlin and the same year sparked an outrage by the parents of children with disabilities. The outrage happened after she proclaimed that disability is caused by parents who are drunk or drug addicts on Time Will Tell.

Personal life
She is married and has two sons.

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Russian sociologists
Russian women sociologists


title: Lil' Dave Thompson

text:
David Lonzo Thompson (May 21, 1969 – February 14, 2010) was an American electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, best known by his stage name Lil' Dave Thompson. He is best known for his tracks "She Didn't Say Goodbye" and "I Got the Blues".

Life and career
David Lonzo Thompson was born in Jackson, Mississippi, United States. His father, Sam Thompson, had played the blues with Asie Payton, Paul "Wine" Jones, and James "Son" Thomas amongst others. With his encouragement, Thompson learned to play blues guitar by the age of nine, and he formed his first group, the Delta Blues Band, in Leland, Mississippi in his early teens. He teamed up with Booba Barnes in 1984, and played the Mississippi juke joint circuit.

He first recorded on I Got the Dog in Me (1994), a Fat Possum Records release, providing guitar backing for David Malone, one of Junior Kimbrough's sons. Thompson's own debut record was Little Dave and Big Love (1995). It was also released by Fat Possum. Little Dave and Big Love was produced by Robert Palmer, and nominated for two W. C. Handy Awards in 1996 for 'Best New Blues Artist' and 'Contemporary Blues Album'.

In 2002, Thompson released C'mon Down to the Delta on JSP Records. In 2006, Got to Get Over You appeared, issued by Electro-Fi Records, whilst Deep in the Night followed in 2008. Regarding the latter, Down Beat magazine stated it was "Incendiary and feral, with a church choir hustle and a Mississippi hill country stomp".  Constant touring gave Thompson a growing loyal audience.

In 2012, C'mon Down to the Delta was re-released.

Death
On February 14, 2010, and following the last gig of their tour at Fiery Ron's Home Team BBQ in Sullivan's Island, South Carolina, his entourage were driving back to Greenville, Mississippi, when his band's touring Ford van overturned on Interstate 20 in Aiken County, South Carolina. Thompson was thrown from the passenger seat and pronounced dead on arrival. He was aged 40. Thompson was buried in Indianola, Mississippi.

Discography

See also
List of electric blues musicians

References

1969 births
2010 deaths
American blues singers
20th-century African-American male singers
American male singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
Electric blues musicians
Blues musicians from Mississippi
Songwriters from Mississippi
Musicians from Jackson, Mississippi
Road incident deaths in South Carolina
Fat Possum Records artists
Guitarists from Mississippi
People from Leland, Mississippi
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
JSP Records artists
African-American songwriters
African-American guitarists
21st-century African-American people
American male songwriters


Soldatskoe Valley Cross Country Skiing and Biathlon Stadium, also known as "Alatau" Cross Country Skiing and Biathlon Stadium  (, Alataý shańǵy jáne bıatlon stadıondarynyń kesheni; ) is a cross-country skiing and biathlon venue located at the Soldatskoye Valley in the Talgar District of Almaty Region, Kazakhstan.

Characteristics
Situated around  from the town center and at  above mean sea level, it has one stadium area, both for cross-country and for biathlon. The venue was built for the 2011 Asian Winter Games and is homologated by International Ski Federation

The stadium buildings are located in the center of the complex, and the tracks are located taking into account the possibility of simultaneous competitions in both stadiums in different disciplines. In May 2021, the public organization "Alma-Qala'21" planted 50 trees on the territory of the complex.

The complex consists of two independent stadiums connected by a hotel and a service complex. The capacity of each stadium is 3,100 people, of which 1,800 seats and 1,300 standing seats.

The maximum length of the ski slopes is 10 km, which consists of two independent circles 5 km (red) + 5 km (blue). The maximum length of the biathlon trails is 4 km. The total length of the trails is 14 km.

Competitions
The ski and biathlon complex regularly hosts biathlon and cross-country skiing competitions at the national level, such as championships and cups of Kazakhstan.

The complex also hosted a number of international competitions:

 2011 - VII Asian Winter Games
 biathlon
 ski racing
 ski orienteering

 2014 - Asian Biathlon Championship
 2017 - 28th Winter Universiade
 biathlon
 ski racing
 Nordic combined (competitions were also held at the ski jumping complex)

References

Sports venues in Kazakhstan
Buildings and structures in Almaty Region
Ski stadiums in Kazakhstan
Skiing in Kazakhstan


title: Pseudophaula

text:
Pseudophaula is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Pseudophaula foersteri Martins, 1984
 Pseudophaula porosa (Bates, 1881)
 Pseudophaula pustulosa Lane, 1973
 Pseudophaula strigulata Lane, 1973

References

Aerenicini


title: The Part Where I Cry

text:
"The Part Where I Cry" is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson. After moving to Nashville in 1960, leveraged by the success of his songwriting, and helped by Harlan Howard, Nelson was signed by Joe Allison of Liberty Records.

In August 1961,  his first session with the label was held at Quonset Hut studio, where he recorded the song. It was later coupled with "Mr. Record Man" on the B-side. While it failed to chart, the single received airplay.

Background
During his time in Houston, Nelson sold his original "Family Bible", that turned into a hit for Claude Gray. Despite that he was not credited as the songwriter on the record, he took advantage of the recognition that the song granted him, and moved to Nashville in 1960. While he joined Ray Price's band as a bass player, his songs became hits for other artists, including "Funny How Time Slips Away" (Billy Walker), "Pretty Paper" (Roy Orbison), and, most famously, "Crazy" by Patsy Cline.

Leveraged by his prominence as a songwriter in Nashville, Tennessee,  and after his friend Harlan Howard forwarded his songs to producer Joe Allison, Nelson was signed to Liberty Records in 1961.

Recording and release
Nelson entered his first session at Liberty's Nashville studio on August 22, 1961, at Quonset Hut studio. Nelson was backed by guitarists Kelso Herston, Ray Edenton (who also played fiddle), Harold Bradley and Grady Martin; drummer Buddy Harman, pianist Hargus "Pig" Robbins, bassist Joe Zinkan and the Anita Kerr singers. During the night, until the early hours of the following day Nelson recorded "The Part Where I Cry", to be the first single release with the label. Allison was not pleased with the results of the session.

The single was coupled with the B-side "Mr. Record Man", recorded during a September session in California. Released in November 1961, Billboard's review predicted a "moderate sales potential". Despite it failed to chart, the song received good airplay on radio stations. It was later included on Nelson's debut album ...And Then I Wrote.

Footnotes

References

1961 singles
Willie Nelson songs
Songs written by Willie Nelson
1961 songs
Liberty Records singles
Song recordings produced by Joe Allison


title: Recchia (beetle)

text:
Recchia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Recchia abauna Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Recchia acutipennis Gahan, 1889
 Recchia albicans (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)
 Recchia boliviana Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Recchia distincta (Lane, 1939)
 Recchia fallaciosa Lane, 1966
 Recchia flaveola Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia fonsecai (Lane, 1939)
 Recchia gemignanii (Lane, 1939)
 Recchia goiana Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia gracilis Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia hirsuta (Bates, 1881)
 Recchia hirticornis (Klug, 1825)
 Recchia lanei Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia ludibriosa Lane, 1966
 Recchia moema Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Recchia parvula (Lane, 1938)
 Recchia piriana Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Recchia planaltina Martins & Galileo, 1998
 Recchia procera Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia ravida Martins & Galileo, 1985
 Recchia veruta Lane, 1966

References

Aerenicini


title: Must Be Love

text:
Must Be Love may refer to:

"Must Be Love" (Cassie song), 2009
"Must Be Love" (Christina Grimmie song), 2014
"Must Be Love", a 2004 song by FYA and Smujji
Must Be... Love, a 2013 Filipino film

See also
It Must Be Love (disambiguation)


title: Shot Ball Tower (Berlin)

text:
The Schrotkugelturm  (Lead shot tower)  is the landmark of the Berlin neighbourhood Victoriastadt. The name derives from the former use as shot tower. In 1939 the production of shot balls in this tower was discontinued.

Building
In 1908 the company Bleigießerei und Maschinenfabrik Juhl & Söhne (Lead Foundry and Machine Factory Juhl & Sons), since 1901 owner of the property Nöldnerstraße (formerly known as Prinz-Albert-Straße) 15 & 16, built the rectangular, 38 metre brick tower as part of the factory wing, an extension to their residential and office building. The tower protrudes out of the roof of the building by 18 metres.  The platform at the top of the tower can be reached by walking 197 steps.

The design of its facade follows the medieval design of North Italian towers, e.g. in Bologna and San Gimignano.

During the days of the GDR the tower as part of a foundry belonged to the VEB Druckguß und Formbau (VEB Die Casting and Mould Making). The factory was a listed building. With the German reunification it was delisted.  Since 1994 the residential building and the tower have become listed buildings once more.  Due to extensive damage the tower was renovated between 1998 and 2000 at the cost of 230.000 DM. It is unique in the Berlin and Brandenburg region.

The tower can be visited during the Tag des offenen Denkmals, Germany's contribution to the European Heritage Days, on the second Sunday in September, and during guided tours by the Büro für Industriekultur.

Process of shot making

At the topmost storey of the tower lead was heated until molten and then poured into a drop tube. During the free fall the lead drops became seamless spheres.

By the time they reached  the water-filled basin at the bottom of the tower the balls had already  solidified.   Sodium sulfide and oil or tallow were added to the water preventing the oxidation of the shot balls.

The windows in the tower have never been glazed, but were fitted with wooden slats thus providing a draught in the tower which assisted the cooling of the falling shot.

Bibliography

 Siegfried Zucker: Der Schrotkugelturm in Rummelsburg. In: Berlinische Monatsschrift issue 3/1994 published  by Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, p. 66–67.
 Winfried Löschburg: Überbleibsel der Rummelsburg? – ein technisches Denkmal in der Nöldnerstraße. In: Berliner Zeitung, 20 March 1984.
 Volkmar Draeger: Herausragender Zeuge der Victoriastadt. In: Neues Deutschland, 24 October 2005 (Report about a guided tour up  the Schrotkugelturm)
 Claudia Fuchs: Den Schrotkugelturm darf keiner betreten. In: Berliner Zeitung, 10 December 1998

External links

 Der Schrotkugelturm. Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (German)

Shot towers
Towers in Berlin
Landmarks in Germany
Buildings and structures in Lichtenberg
Industrial buildings completed in 1908
Heritage sites in Berlin
1908 establishments in Germany


The 2014–15 Professional U21 Development League was the third season of the Professional Development League system.

League 1

League 1, referred to as the Barclays Under 21 Premier League for sponsorship reasons, was split into two divisions, with teams allocated places in Division 1 or 2 based on their performance in the 2013–14 season.

At the end of the season, the team which finished top of Division 1 was crowned as overall League 1 champions, with the previously used knock-out system being abandoned. The top 8 teams qualified for the 2015–16 edition of the Premier League International Cup and the bottom two teams in Division 1 were relegated to Division 2 for the 2015–16 season, with the top teams in Division 2 moved in the opposite direction.

Division 1

Table

Results

Division 2

Table

Results

Awards
Player of the season: Duncan Watmore (Sunderland)

Player of the month

League 2

League 2, referred to as the Professional Development U21 League, is split into two regional divisions.

Teams will play each team in their own division twice, and each team in the other division once, for a total of 26 games for North division teams, and 27 games each for South division teams.

At the end of the season, the teams finishing in the top two positions of both divisions will meet in the knockout stage to determine the overall league champion.

League stage

North Division table

South Division table

Results

Knock-out stage

Semifinals

Final

See also
 2014–15 Professional U18 Development League
 2014–15 FA Cup
 2014–15 FA Youth Cup
 2014–15 Premier League International Cup
 2014–15 Under-21 Premier League Cup
 2014–15 in English football

References

2014–15 in English football leagues
2014-15


title: Belmond Casa de Sierra Nevada

text:
Belmond Casa de Sierra Nevada is a hotel in the UNESCO World Heritage Site town of San Miguel de Allende in Central Mexico, 167 miles from Mexico City. This historic town was founded on the wealth of silver and was also a centre of revolutionary activity during the struggles for Mexican independence. It was built in 1580.

The hotel consists of six colonial mansions, including a 17th-century fort, the 18th-century Casa Palma  and the former residence of San Miguel de Allende’s archbishop in the 16th century. The hotel is located at the town centre among old cobbled streets and parks.

These buildings are set around courtyards with cloisters, fountains and frescoes. The hotel also has its own wellbeing centre—Laja Spa—and cooking school, Sazón.

In 2006 the hotel was acquired for US$8.4 million for a 75 per cent stake by Orient-Express Hotels, which in 2014 changed its name to Belmond Ltd. At that time the hotel was renamed Belmond Casa de Sierra Nevada

Further reading
Orient Express – A personal Journey by James Sherwood

References

External links

Facebook Page

Belmond hotels
Hotels in Mexico


title: Oulunsalo Church

text:
The Oulunsalo Church is an evangelical Lutheran church in the Finnish city of Oulu. It was part of the town of Oulunsalo until 2013 when that town was merged into Oulu.

The wooden church building has been designed in Gothic Revival style by architect Julius Basilier. It was built between 1888 and 1891. The former Oulunsalo church was destroyed in a fire caused by lightning in the summer 1882.

References

External links

Lutheran churches in Oulu
Churches completed in 1891
Wooden churches in Finland


title: Surface 3

text:
Surface 3 is a 2-in-1 detachable from the Microsoft Surface series, introduced by Microsoft in 2015. Unlike its predecessor, the Surface 2, Surface 3 utilizes an x86 Intel Atom system-on-chip architecture, or SoC, rather than a processor with ARM architecture such as the Nvidia Tegra that powered the Surface 2, and runs standard versions of Windows 8.1 or Windows 10.

History
The older, original Surface (also known as Surface RT) and Surface 2, with their ARM-based processors and Windows RT operating system, were designed to compete with the iPad and other tablets. The first Surface was criticized for performance issues, which were reduced in the succeeding Surface 2. Due to the differing processors, these devices were incompatible with the vast number of Windows programs written for x86-based computers, running only those written and compiled for Windows RT, loaded from Microsoft's application store.

Released prior to Surface 3, the Surface Pro 3 – featuring a more powerful Intel Core processor, and running the standard version of Windows 8 – became a profitable product for Microsoft in late 2014. It had a starting price of $799, featuring a larger display, and competed with high-end ultraportable laptops.

With the introduction of the Surface 3, Microsoft aimed to make a product more affordable than the Surface Pro 3, at the expense of screen size and performance, while retaining the broad software compatibility.

The Surface Pro 3 was replaced by the Surface Pro 4, but the Surface 3 was discontinued after a year and a half, with no similar successor. Another year and a half later, the Surface Go – with similar characteristics, but improved performance – was introduced, followed by successor models.

Features

Hardware
The Surface 3 share a similar design to the Surface Pro 3 with a body made of magnesium alloy giving a matte gray finish to the back of the device. It features a kickstand that can be set to three different angles: 22, 44, and 60 degrees. The Surface 3 does not have a fan, therefore lacking the ventilation holes seen on Surface Pro line. The Surface 3 weighs 620 grams features a  diagonal multi-touch display with a 3:2 aspect ratio. For a charger Surface 3 uses a standard Micro-USB, giving users a wider variety of charging options, including charging the device with a mobile phone charger.

Surface 3 has the 14 nm quad-core Intel Atom x7-Z8700 SoC. The Atom x7-Z8700 is able to drive up to three external displays over Mini DisplayPort and support a resolution of up to 4K with a single external display. The 2-in-1's own display has a resolution of 1920x1280. The device ships with either a 64 or 128 GB solid-state drive and 2 or 4 GB of system memory. The device's storage capacity can be increased by installing a microSD memory card of up to 1 TB.

Software

Unlike its predecessors, the Surface 3 is the first device in the non-Pro line to feature the full Windows desktop OS as opposed to Windows RT. This therefore puts the device into the category of 2-in-1 PC, which cannot be said for its predecessors, the original Surface and Surface 2, due to their use of ARM processors.

Surface 3s purchased before 29 July 2015 come with Windows 8.1 but were upgradeable to Windows 10 for free. After the Windows 10 release, consumer models of the Surface 3 shipped with Windows 10 Home, unlike the devices of the Surface Pro line, which shipped with Windows 10 Pro. Business models of the Surface 3 shipped with Windows 10 Pro.

Accessories

The Surface 3, as with its predecessors and Surface devices of a Pro line, features an optional Type Cover accessory—an attachable keyboard, which is also a protective cover for the screen, with an announced price of 129 USD.

The Surface 3 is the first non-Pro Surface to support the Surface Pen. Unlike Surface Pro 3, however, it is not included with purchase, but is available for purchase separately.

Various aftermarket USB or Bluetooth peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice can be connected to the Surface 3.

Reception
Surface 3 received generally positive reviews from computer critics. They praised Microsoft's shift from ARM architecture toward x86, and therefore from Windows RT to a regular Windows OS. Most noted a well designed chassis and accessories produced of quality materials, and overall premium feeling of use. While less powerful, the Surface 3 was a lighter and cheaper alternative to the Surface Pro 3. More importantly, the Surface 3 could compete at the high-end of Android and iPad tablets, with the advantage of being a device running a full desktop OS instead of a mobile OS for a similar price. Reviewers also note that 37 GB of the total storage space in the low-end Surface 3 is available to the user, while its close competitor, the low-end iPad Air 2, has only 12.5 GB of user-available storage space for the same price.

The most common downsides are relatively low battery life, slower performance compared to devices with Intel Core processors and a high price since accessories like Surface Pen and Type Cover are not included.

Timeline

References

External links

Microsoft Surface
Tablet computers introduced in 2015
2-in-1 PCs


title: Power Struggle (2014)

text:
Power Struggle (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on November 8, 2014, in Osaka, Osaka, at the Bodymaker Colosseum and featured eleven matches (including one dark match), five of which were contested for championships. It was the fourth event under the Power Struggle name.

Storylines
Power Struggle featured eleven professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

The first matches for the event were revealed on October 14, 2014, the day after King of Pro-Wrestling. At King of Pro-Wrestling, A.J. Styles lost the IWGP Heavyweight Championship to Hiroshi Tanahashi, after a surprise return from NJPW original Yoshitatsu, who stopped his Bullet Club stablemate Jeff Jarrett from interfering in the match. The day after Styles' title loss, a match between him and Yoshitatsu was announced for Power Struggle. In pre-Power Struggle interviews, Yoshitatsu was given a new "Bullet Club hunter" character with him claiming that, while working for WWE, he had grown sick of seeing employees wearing Bullet Club shirts and was now looking to eliminate the villainous stable from professional wrestling. Also on October 14, the main event for January 4, 2015, and the Wrestle Kingdom 9 in Tokyo Dome show between IWGP Heavyweight Champion Hiroshi Tanahashi and the 2014 G1 Climax winner Kazuchika Okada was made official. At Power Struggle, the two were set to face off in a tag team match, where Tanahashi would team with Kota Ibushi and Okada with his regular tag team partner Yoshi-Hashi. The third match announced for the event would see Shinsuke Nakamura defend his IWGP Intercontinental Championship against Katsuyori Shibata. The match came as a result of King of Pro-Wrestling, where Shibata and Hirooki Goto defeated Nakamura and Yoshi-Hashi in a tag team match, after which Nakamura nominated Shibata as his next challenger. Nakamura and Shibata had previously faced off in a singles match on July 21, during the 2014 G1 Climax, where Shibata was victorious. In storyline the rivalry between the two dated back to a brawl in August 2004.

On October 27, NJPW announced two more title matches for Power Struggle. In the first, Chase Owens was set to defend the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship against Jyushin Thunder Liger. Representing the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), Owens made his NJPW debut at King of Pro-Wrestling, successfully defending his title against Bushi. Following the match, NWA president Bruce Tharpe nominated Liger as Owens' next challenger. The NJPW junior heavyweight veteran viewed this as an opportunity at one final run as a singles champion. As part of the relationship between NJPW and NWA, Liger had challenged Rob Conway for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on September 29, 2013, at Destruction, but was defeated following a distraction from Tharpe. Liger had previously held the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship in early 1997 as one of the eight junior heavyweight titles in his "J-Crown". The second title match announced would see Tomohiro Ishii defend his NEVER Openweight Championship against Hirooki Goto. The match came as a result of a six-man tag team match on October 25, where Goto pinned Ishii for the win. Despite Goto claiming that he was only interested in Ishii, not his title, the match between the two was made with the championship on the line. Goto had recently entered a storyline, where he started leading a counterattack against the Bullet Club and Chaos stables, with the goal of revitalizing the NJPW Seikigun ("regular army"), which he represented alongside the likes of Shibata and Tanahashi. Prior to Power Struggle, Goto also tried to recruit Togi Makabe as part of his movement, which he dubbed "Revolution". Ishii, Nakamura and Okada, meanwhile, all represent Chaos.

The rest of the matches were announced on November 4, following the conclusion of the 2014 Super Jr. Tag Tournament. Four matches at Power Struggle stemmed from the tournament, including two title matches. In the first, the tournament's winning team, reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly), were set to challenge Time Splitters (Alex Shelley and Kushida) for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. reDRagon represented the American Ring of Honor (ROH) promotion and made their NJPW debut during the previous May's events co-produced by NJPW and ROH in Toronto and New York City. This match was a rematch from August 10, when Time Splitters successfully defended their title against reDRagon in Fish and O'Reilly's Japanese debut. In the second title match, Taichi was set to challenge Ryusuke Taguchi for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship. At King of Pro-Wrestling, Taguchi made his first successful title defense against Taichi's Suzuki-gun stablemate El Desperado, despite being attacked before, during and after the match by both Taichi and Taka Michinoku. On October 25, during the first round of the 2014 Super Jr. Tag Tournament, Taguchi, teaming with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) representative Fuego, faced off against the Suzuki-gun team of El Desperado and Taichi. Following outside interference from Michinoku and El Desperado hitting Taguchi with his own title belt, Taichi pinned him to win the match and afterwards demanded himself a shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, which was granted on November 4.

Other matches announced included a tag team match continuing the rivalry between Suzuki-gun representatives Minoru Suzuki and Takashi Iizuka and the team of Kazushi Sakuraba and Toru Yano and an eight-man tag team match, where Bad Luck Fale, Doc Gallows, Karl Anderson and Yujiro Takahashi of Bullet Club were set to face Captain New Japan, Tetsuya Naito, Togi Makabe and Tomoaki Honma. Anderson had also announced that Bullet Club would be introducing a new member at Power Struggle.

Event
In the second match of the pay-per-view, Kazushi Sakuraba and Toru Yano defeated Suzuki-gun leader Minoru Suzuki and Takashi Iizuka. Sakuraba pinned Suzuki for the win with the Kido Clutch, the finishing maneuver of Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF) veteran Osamu Kido. UWF was a promotion that in the 1980s popularized shoot-style wrestling maneuvers in professional wrestling and where Suzuki had worked early in his career. Following the match, an enraged Suzuki challenged Sakuraba to an UWF-style grudge match. In the first title match of the event, Jyushin Thunder Liger defeated Chase Owens to win the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship, 17 years after he had last held it. In the second title match, Ring of Honor's World Tag Team Champions reDRagon captured the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship from Time Splitters, who failed in their fourth title defense. This marked the third year in a row when the Super Jr. Tag Tournament winner had captured the title at Power Struggle. Afterwards, reDRagon was challenged by both Forever Hooligans and The Young Bucks. In the next title match, Ryusuke Taguchi made his second successful defense of the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship against Taichi, despite outside interference from El Desperado and Taka Michinoku. Following the match, Bullet Club entered the arena to reveal their newest member, Kenny Omega. This marked Omega's first appearance under a NJPW contract, having joined the promotion at the start of the month. When his signing was announced on October 3, Omega dismissed the idea of joining Bullet Club, claiming that after six years of living in Japan, he no longer considered himself a gaijin and would therefore not fit in the stable of foreigners. However, now Omega claimed he had lied about loving NJPW and only wanted money and the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship. Taguchi agreed to defend his title against Omega.

Next up, Yoshitatsu was defeated by Bullet Club's A.J. Styles in his first NJPW match in seven years, following outside interference from Jeff Jarrett, who had accompanied Styles to the match. After the match, Jarrett hit Yoshitatsu with his signature guitar, leading to Hiroshi Tanahashi, Tetsuya Naito and Tomoaki Honma coming out. While Tanahashi and Honma helped Yoshitatsu backstage, Naito confronted Styles. In the fourth title match of the event, Tomohiro Ishii made his first successful defense of the NEVER Openweight Championship against Hirooki Goto. After the match, Togi Makabe, who had accompanied Goto for the match, stepped up as the next challenger for the title. In the semi-main event of the evening, Hiroshi Tanahashi and Kota Ibushi defeated Chaos' Kazuchika Okada and Yoshi-Hashi, when Ibushi pinned Yoshi-Hashi for the win. Finally, in the main event, Shinsuke Nakamura made his first successful defense of the IWGP Intercontinental Championship against Katsuyori Shibata. The event concluded with Kota Ibushi entering the ring and performing a German suplex on the much larger Nakamura, before challenging him to a match for the IWGP Intercontinental Championship.

Reception
Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter called the match between Ishii and Goto a "match of the year candidate", only criticizing the decision to hold it at Power Struggle instead of the Tokyo Dome, claiming that it "can't be topped" by the teased match between Ishii and Makabe. Regarding the main event, Meltzer wrote that it was "missing something" and that it "[c]ouldn't hold a candle" to their previous G1 Climax match.

Aftermath
The day after Power Struggle, Ring of Honor announced that reDRagon and Time Splitters would face each other in a rematch on December 7 at Final Battle 2014, this time contested for the former's ROH World Tag Team Championship. reDRagon went on to win that match as well. On November 10, NJPW announced five more matches for Wrestle Kingdom 9 in Tokyo Dome, stemming from Power Struggle. These were Shinsuke Nakamura defending the IWGP Intercontinental Championship against Kota Ibushi, Ryusuke Taguchi defending the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship against Kenny Omega, Tomohiro Ishii defending the NEVER Openweight Championship against Togi Makabe, reDRagon defending the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship in a four-way match against Forever Hooligans, Time Splitters and The Young Bucks and Minoru Suzuki and Kazushi Sakuraba facing off in a match, which could only end by knockout, submission or referee stoppage. Following the events of King of Pro-Wrestling and Power Struggle, Hiroshi Tanahashi and Yoshitatsu announced they were forming a new tag team named "The World".

During his match with A.J. Styles at Power Struggle, Yoshitatsu landed awkwardly on his neck while taking the Styles Clash finishing move. After initially trying to work through the injury, he was pulled out of the 2014 World Tag League and was hospitalized, upon which it was discovered that he had two broken bones in his neck.

Results

References

External links
The official New Japan Pro-Wrestling website

2014
2014 in professional wrestling
November 2014 events in Japan
Professional wrestling in Osaka
2014 in Japan
Events in Osaka


title: Lawman (horse)

text:
Lawman (foaled 9 May 2004) is a French Thoroughbred racehorse. As a three-year-old in 2007 he won the Prix du Jockey Club and Prix Jean Prat. Since being retired to stud he has made a good start as a stallion, siring Group 1 winners Most Improved, Just The Judge and Law Enforcement. Lawman was trained by Jean-Marie Béguigné and owned by Claudio Marzocco and Ernesto Ciampi.

Background
Lawman is a bay horse bred by Petra Bloodstock Agency and foaled on 9 May 2004. He was sired by Invincible Spirit, a sprinter who won the Duke of York Stakes and Haydock Sprint Cup in 2002. Since retiring from racing he has become one of Ireland's leading stallions, siring Fleeting Spirit, Kingman, Mayson, Moonlight Cloud and Vale of York. Lawman's dam is Laramie, a daughter of Gulch who raced in two maiden races, finishing seventh and fourth. Lawman was purchased as a yearling for €75,000 and was trained in France by Jean-Marie Béguigné.

Racing career
Lawman made his racecourse debut on 12 November 2006 in 1600-metre contest for unraced two-year-olds at Saint-Cloud. He won the race, which was his only start as a two-year-old, beating Vespucci by two lengths. Lawman's first race as a three-year-old was the Prix Machado, a 1600-metre race run at Longchamp on 29 March 2007. He finished the race in third place, two and a half lengths behind winner Chichi Creasy and one length behind runner up Brooklyn Boy. However the second and third placing were reversed, moving Lawman up to second place. In the Prix de Fontainebleau, Lawman was held up at the rear of the field by jockey Olivier Peslier. He ran on in the final 300 metres and took fourth place near the finish, with the race being won by Chichi Creasy. In the Prix de Guiche on 9 May 2007, Lawman set the pace and quickened clear in the finishing straight to win easily by two and a half lengths from Holocene, who just beat Chinese Whisper and Hurricane Fly to finish second.

Lawman's easy win in the Prix de Guiche made him one of the favourites for the Prix du Jockey Club on 3 June 2007, when he was ridden for the only time by Frankie Dettori. As in his previous he led from the start and was driven along by Dettori 300 metres from the finish. He ran on well to win the race by one and a half lengths from second placed Literato. Shamdinan and Zambezi Sun finished just behind the runner-up in third and fourth place respectively. Lawman was ridden by Olivier Peslier again when he stepped back down in distance for the Prix Jean Prat on 8 July. As in his previous two races, Lawman was sent into an early lead by Peslier. He quickened clear 300 metres out and won easily by three lengths from Stoneside. Golden Titus was one and a half lengths behind Stoneside in third place, with pre-race favourite Astronomer Royal finishing fourth. In the Prix Jacques Le Marois about one month later, Lawman was near the front of the field for much of the race, but was out of contention with about 300 metres still to run. He eventually finish last of the six runners, approximately 13 lengths behind winner Manduro. Lawman was then being aimed at the Irish Champion Stakes and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, but got an infection, causing his liver enzymes to rise, and was retired.

Assessment
Lawman was awarded an official rating of 120 for his win in the Prix Jean Prat, ranking him as the joint 34th best racehorse in the world in 2007.

Stud career
Upon retirement, Lawman was purchased by Ballylinch Stud and syndicated into 45 shares, with Ciampi and Marzocco retaining part ownership. He now stands as a stallion at Ballylinch Stud in Thomastown, County Kilkenny, Ireland for a stud fee of €25,000. His most notable progeny to date are:

 Forces Of Darkness – a bay mare foaled in 2009. In 2012 she finished third in the Prix Saint-Alary and fourth in the Prix de Diane, before winning the Prix Minerve.
Most Improved – a bay horse foaled in 2009 who, after finishing third in the Dewhurst Stakes as a two-year-old, went on to win the St James's Palace Stakes as a three-year-old. He now stands as a stallion at Coolmore Stud for a stud fee of €6,000.
Just The Judge – a brown filly foaled in 2010. She was undefeated as a two-year-old in 2012, including a win in the Rockfel Stakes. She started 2013 by finishing second in the 1000 Guineas and then winning the Irish 1,000 Guineas. At Royal Ascot that year she finished third in the Coronation Stakes. She stayed in training as a four-year-old, finishing third in the Pretty Polly Stakes.
 Law Enforcement – a bay gelding foaled in 2010 who won the 2012 Gran Criterium.
 Us Law – a grey gelding who won the Prix Thomas Bryon and finished third in the Critérium International as a two-year-old.
Marcel, a bay colt who won the Racing Post Trophy.
Harbour Law, a bay colt who won the St Leger.

Pedigree

Note: b. = Bay, ch. = Chestnut

References

2004 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in France
Racehorses trained in France
Thoroughbred family 1-s


title: Rumford (CDP), Maine

text:
Rumford is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Rumford in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,795 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Rumford is located at  (44.54733, −70.551447).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.0 square miles (20.7 km2), of which 7.9 square miles (20.4 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2) (1.38%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,795 people, 2,208 households, and 1,256 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 2,542 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.62% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.63% of the population.

There were 2,208 households, out of which 25.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $24,938, and the median income for a family was $30,024. Males had a median income of $37,617 versus $20,734 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,199. About 15.1% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.1% of those under age 18 and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Oxford County, Maine


title: Danylivka

text:
Danylivka (; ) is a rural settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

In 1928, the settlement was known as the Ay Danil sovkhoz (; , probably from medieval Greek Άη Δανιήλ, Ai-Daniyl, Saint Daniel), belonging to the Hurzuf Settlement Council of the Yalta Raion. Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948 renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.

Danylivka is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  southeast from Hurzuf, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 474 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

Rural settlements in Crimea
Yalta Municipality


title: Rumford, Maine

text:
Rumford is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,858 at the 2020 census. Rumford is home to both ND Paper Inc's Rumford Mill and the Black Mountain of Maine ski resort.

History

Originally called New Pennacook Plantation, the township was granted in 1779 to Timothy Walker, Jr. and associates of Concord, New Hampshire. Both Pennacook and Rumford are former names of Concord, from which many early settlers arrived. The first pioneers, however, were Jonathan Keyes and his son Francis in 1782 from Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. Incorporated in 1800, the town would later annex land from Peru and Franklin Plantation.

Located in the foothills of the White Mountains, Rumford is the site of Pennacook Falls, called by historian George J. Varney "the grandest cataract in New England," where the Androscoggin River drops  over solid granite. Bands of St. Francis Indians once hunted and fished here, where salmon spawn in the  pool below Upper Falls, a barrier that fish cannot pass. Indians also came here to trade furs brought from the lakes region. Sawmills and gristmills were built to harness water power from the falls, although Rumford would remain primarily agricultural during its first 100 years.

In 1882, industrialist Hugh J. Chisholm recognized the falls' potential for the manufacture of paper. Chisholm directed construction of the Portland and Rumford Falls Railway connecting Rumford to the national rail network in 1892. The first paper mill began operation in 1893, drawing an infusion of people and money into the sleepy community of about 200 residents. Oxford Paper Company, owned by Chisholm, would dominate Rumford's riverfront and economy.

Much of the mill town was built in the spurt of prosperity between approximately 1890 and 1920, and Rumford retains significant Victorian and Edwardian architecture. Most notable is Strathglass Park, perhaps the finest company housing in the nation at that time. Wishing to avoid the stacked slums endemic at Lowell and Lawrence, Massachusetts, Hugh Chisholm commissioned Cass Gilbert in 1900 to plan a  site in his company town, instructing the prominent architect that "We will build of brick and stone and slate, and we will provide not merely for a house, but for comfort, elegance and social gratification."

Named after the seat of Clan Chisholm at Strathglass Carries, Scotland, Gilbert in 1901 produced 5 different designs for 51 duplexes. The same year, Chisholm founded The Rumford Realty Company to build the oval-shaped development, its entrance marked by an imposing granite gateway.  With attractive lawns and broad, tree-lined streets, all maintenance was provided by the Oxford Paper Company. Even valet service was included. Tenants paid a rent of $9.00 per month, plus $1.00 per month for electricity to the Rumford Falls Power Company, also belonging to Chisholm. In 1948 with the dissolution of the Rumford Realty Company, the existing duplex buildings were first offered for sale to the tenant of the two with the longest residency. But later, each half of the single building was sold creating two owners of each building. Recognized for unique architectural and social merit, in 1974 Strathglass Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Unfortunately due to lack of maintenance since that year of private sale, and due to a general deterioration of the brick and concrete materials, as well as the fact that nearly all existing buildings are owned by two independent and generally non-collaborative owners has caused each building to look like two halves, each painted differently, each maintained and repaired differently instead of the single duplex originally designed so that the entire development has taken on the look of a run-down, slummy group of buildings. A major factor in this impression is also that the development was designed before the advent of the personal automobile, but to accommodate those automobiles since then the lawns have been converted to make-shift parking lots for multiple vehicles.

Today, much of the history of Rumford is preserved by the Rumford Historical Society. Founded in 1961, under the sponsorship of prominent residents Louis Thibodeau, Minerva Anderson and Jonathan Mackenzie, the society pledges to preserve the rich history of the western mill town and encourage community involvement among all.

In June 1941, the cabin cruiser "The Don" sunk off of Harpswell, Maine with 34 residents of Rumford on board. It remains the largest loss of life in the town's history.  The cause of the wreck was never determined but multiple theories abound as to the vessel's demise including it being sunk by a U-boat or an insurance scheme. The only communication from the boat was shortly after it left port when a radio distress call came out to nearby ships with a voice saying "If I don't get off this boat somebody's gonna get thumped."

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and  is water. Rumford is located where the Concord, Ellis, and Swift rivers drain into the Androscoggin river.  Black Mountain, elevation 2,133 feet (650 m), and Rumford Whitecap, elevation 2,197 feet (670 m), are in the north.

Climate
This climatic region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Rumford has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,841 people, 2,674 households, and 1,524 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 3,287 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 2,674 households, of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.0% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.76.

The median age in the town was 45.5 years. 20.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 20.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,472 people, 2,876 households, and 1,754 families living in the town.  The population density was .  There were 3,280 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 98.67% White, 0.11% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.

There were 2,876 households, of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.78.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,639, and the median income for a family was $33,878. Males had a median income of $39,917 versus $20,632 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,701.  About 12.4% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
The University College at Rumford/Mexico is a  part of the University of Maine system.

Mountain Valley High School is Rumford's public high school.

Notable people

 Charlie Akers, Olympic biathlete
 Richard Austin, weight-lifting world record-holder
 Severin Beliveau, former Maine Democratic Party Chair and lobbyist
 Wendall "Chummy" Broomhall, cross-country skier in Olympic Games
 Mark Bryant, Maine State Representative; Maine State Senator
 Chet Bulger, offensive tackle for the 1947 champion Chicago Cardinals
 Frank Churchill, songwriter and film composer (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Three Little Pigs)
 Lucia M. Cormier, Minority Leader of the Maine House of Representative
 Charles Harlow, Mayor of Portland, Maine and State Representative
 Rebecca Martin, singer and songwriter
 Edmund Muskie, US senator, Secretary of State, 64th governor of Maine
 John Patrick, Maine State Representative; Maine State Senator
 Robert W. Pidacks, cross-country skier in Olympic Games
 Eric Weinrich, professional ice-hockey player and in Olympic Games

References

External links

 Town of Rumford, Maine
 Rumford Public Library
 Rumford Polar Bears Snowmobile Club
 Maine Genealogy: Rumford, Oxford County, Maine

Company towns in Maine
Towns in Oxford County, Maine
Populated places established in 1782
Towns in Maine
International Paper
1782 establishments in Massachusetts
Pulp and paper industry in Maine


title: Iris rutherfordii

text:
Iris rutherfordii  is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is a bulbous perennial.

Taxonomy
In June 2004, a joint University of Reading and Natural History Museum funded group (including Dr Stephen Jury – Reading University's Herbarium Curator) was sent on an expedition to Morocco in 2004. They found a group of irises similar in form to Iris serotina, in north Morocco (north of the Kebdana Mountains), at a height of  above sea level.<ref name=candollea>{{cite web | first=Pierre-Andre |last=Loizeau | title=Iris ruthfordii (Jorge Martínez Rodriguez, Pablo Vargas, Mark Carine and Stephen Jury| year=2009 | url=http://www.rjb.csic.es/jardinbotanico/ficheros/documentos/pdf/pubinv/PVG/Mart%C3%ADnez&al-2009-Iris-rutherfordii-Candollea.pdf | publisher= rjb.csic.es | accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> Dr Jury sent a sample of the new iris to Dr Pablo Vargas,(a former Reading University student), now working on related Spanish irises in Madrid.
Later, in 2006, another team from Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid (Spanish for Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid) travelled to the same area and found the same species of iris. Then a detailed morphological, phylogenetic and karyological research was carried out on specimens of this iris species. It was found to be distinct from Iris serotina.

It was then published (and described) jointly by Jorge Martin Rodriguez, Pablo Vargas, Mark Carine and Stephen Jury in 'Candollea' Vol. 64: 128 in 2009.

It has been named after Mr Ronald Rutherford, who has been a botanist working at the School of Biological Sciences. He is also Deputy Curator of Reading University's Herbarium.

The newly named Iris rutherfordii is included in an account being prepared in French by Reading botanists for the 'Flore Pratique du Maroc', Morocco's first complete Flora.Iris rutherfordii is not yet an accepted name by the RHS, as of October 2014.

DescriptionIris rutherfordii has a brown bulb (19–27 mm × 12–18 mm) with a paper-like covering.
It has 2–3 whitish narrow leaves (which reach up to 35–40 cm long and 1.2–3 mm wide), surrounding a stem about 40–50 cm long. The blue flowers which emerge in June, have a perianth tube about 1.5–4 mm long. It has purple-blue limbs with white nerve-like stripes. The standards are blue. It has yellow pollen and cylinder-like seed capsules which fruit in July.

NativeIris rutherfordii'' was found near (the city of) Nador, Rif(region) in North Morocco, a small population (about 50 plants in 2006) growing in open grassland with rocky soil at altitudes of between  above sea level.

It is beside a recently widened road, so may be in endanger of extinction. The population of iris meets the criteria for 'Critically Endangered', set by IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature).

References

External links

rutherfordii
Plants described in 2009
Flora of Morocco


title: Dexter (CDP), Maine

text:
Dexter is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main settlement within the town of Dexter in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 2,158 at the 2010 census.

Geography
Dexter is located at  (45.020594, −69.292374).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.3 square miles (13.8 km2), of which 4.8 square miles (12.3 km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.5 km2), or 10.86%, is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,201 people, 968 households, and 623 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 1,151 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.23% White, 0.55% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.18% Asian, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.

There were 968 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $23,779, and the median income for a family was $31,019. Males had a median income of $27,031 versus $17,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,397. About 15.6% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.7% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Penobscot County, Maine
Dexter, Maine