title: Schloss Allner

text:
Schloss Allner is a fifteenth-century castle in Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the southern slope of the Nutscheid Ridge, on the north bank of the River Sieg, and just northeast of the Allner See. It lies to the northeast of the town of Hennef, east of the district of Allner.

During its history it has served as a residence, a municipal seat and an orphanage. During World War II it was the scene of an unsuccessful attempt by the Wehrmacht to halt the advancing Allied forces from crossing the Sieg and entering the Ruhr Valley.

Description
Formerly surrounded by a moat, the buildings of the cross-shaped four-story mansion, with rectangular towers in the front corners, are crowned by a central lantern roof dating back to the mid-17th century. The front entrance has an 18th-century imperial staircase, edged with balustrades made of trachyte, flanking the original round-arched doorway within a rectangular aperture designed to receive a raised drawbridge. On either side of this lower entrance are sandstone escutcheons bearing the Merode family coat of arms. Two octagonal towers flank the great hall.

In the great hall, the two fireplaces  are decorated with the Scheiffart family coat of arms. A stone staircase with a carved oak banister leads to the chapel on the second floor of the manor. The basement area contains a kitchen and a wine cellar with 18th century wood paneling and wall cabinets, and a low vaulted ceiling. A round-arched cellar door bears the date 1667 on its keystone and has a carved stone face for the insertion of a deadbolt.

Outside the manor's front doorway is an arched Baroque portal, bearing the Merkelsbach family coat of arms and brackets for a narrow drawbridge. To the west stand two long stone outbuildings with crow-stepped gables, dating to the 16th century, which contain servant's quarters and stables. A third outbuilding was constructed in the 17th century on the castle's north side to serve as the forester's residence.

On the lower grounds near the river a three-story octagonal tower, built in 1550, is located on the 10-meter-high Ashlar curtain wall. Within the wall, to the north of the tower, is a glass-domed 17th century garden house. The castle's main gate consists of a red sandstone archway with a lion mask in the keystone and a marriage coat of arms of Bertram Scheiffart von Merode and Lucie von Hatzfeldt, dated 1643. On a northwest section of the wall is a second marriage escutcheon commemorating the wedding of Johann Wallraff Scheiffart von Merode and Maria Anna von Harff, dated 1668.

History
The original cruciform structure was built sometime around 1419. It first appears in historical records in 1421, mentioned as being in the possession of Arnold von Merkelsbach, vassal of Stifts Vilich and the bailiff of the Blankenberg Office of the Duchy of Berg.

In 1557 the ownership went by marriage to  Wallraff Scheiffart von Merode, also called von Kühlseggen. In 1643, Bertram Scheiffart von Merode expanded the core building of the manor, adding the great hall and the two rear towers. At the end of the 17th century possession went by marriage to Daniel Salentin Spies von Büllesheim. At the end of the 18th century a dispute settlement at the Imperial Chamber Court had the castle (and also Schloss Merten and Schloss Schönstein) handed over to Franz Ludwig von Hatzfeldt (1756-1827). He spent several months at Schloss Allner every year.

His son-in-law, Clemens von Loë (1809-1883) succeeded him as owner of the castle. The Prussian general Field Marshal Walter von Loë (1828-1908) was born in Schloss Allner on September 9, 1828. From 1837 to 1848 Maximilian von Loë (1801-1850) was district administrator of Siegburg and Schloss Allner became the seat of the district office. After his death in 1850, his heirs left the castle and it stood empty for twenty years.

In 1870 the Düsseldorf ophthalmologist Albert Mooren (1828-1899) bought the castle and it was rebuilt in 1875-6 by the Franciscan brother Paschalis Gratzke in the Gothic revival style. Gratzke added steeply-pitched concave Mansard roofs on both the front towers and a third roof which joined the two towers flanking the great hall. He also removed a balcony over the front door and added a terrace and a staircase on the northwest side facing the garden.

In 1883 the castle was sold to the industrialist Philipp Heinrich Cockerill (1821-1902), whose daughter Lucy moved into the castle in 1884 with her husband, the writer Count Alfred Adelmann von Adelmannsfelden (1848-1887). Their only daughter Irma was born in the castle in 1884. She lived there from 1923 with her husband, ophthalmologist Dr. Adolf Pagenstecher (1877-1937) who became the castle's owner. In 1928 their daughter Lucy was born in the castle and baptized in the chapel.

World War II
On 7 April 1945 the US 97th Infantry Division attempted to cross the Sieg River just south of Schloss Allner. Two Wehrmacht officers and a small group of soldiers from the 353rd Infantry Division of the LVIII. Panzerkorps positioned machine guns in the towers of Schloss Allner and opened fire on the Americans as they launched boats into the river.

According to the after action report:
"Machine-gun fire was strafing the crossing area from castle ALLNER where it had a clear field of fire and from a wooded spur at a bend in the river W of the crossing, firing upriver toward the boats. Artillery fire, TD's, heavy MG fire and mortars were all brought to bear on this castle but although it crumbled, the MG fire continued. Fire was also coming from the high ground N of the river."

In two days the 922nd Field Artillery Battalion fired over three thousand 105mm rounds at the area around the castle. After crossing the river, elements of the 387th Infantry Regiment assaulted the castle:

"The 2d Battalion hit very stiff resistance at the ALLNER Castle and on the ridge in the loop of the river. Anti-tank company and the TD's blasted the castle from the S bank of the SIEG River and G Company was able to clear it out."

The castle was heavily damaged by mortars, artillery and small arms fire before the Americans finally took possession of it on 8 April. The front corner tower on the south side of the manor sustained a direct hit from US artillery and was almost completely destroyed. John Rosauer estimates that ten US soldiers were killed in the assault, but there are no estimates of German military casualties.

Orphanage scandal
In 1950 Lucy Pagenstecher married Rainer C. Horstmann, mayor of the municipality of Lauthausen from 1956 to 1969. Horstmann sold the castle for the symbolic price of one Deutschmark to the Bonn Caritas Association, a Catholic charity. From 1953 to 1973 the castle was used as an orphanage, the Cockerill Children's Home, staffed by Catholic nuns of the order "Schwestern vom kostbaren Blut" (Sisters of the Precious Blood).

Extensive renovations to repair damage from the war were completed in 1962, replacing the mansard roofs with tented roofs.

In the 1960s complaints began to surface in regard to the care of the 120 mostly illegitimate children living at the orphanage. On 12 April 1965 an inspection revealed overcrowding, poor sanitation and severe mistreatment of children in the home. Children were malnourished and showed signs of jaundice and beatings. Some were believed to have died from abuse and neglect. Although there were no explicit reports of sexual abuse, the investigation found that girls were occasionally removed from the orphanage on weekends and were "completely distraught" upon their return. The report did not recommend any follow-up action and none was taken until the early 1970s. A series of investigations and indictments led to the closure of the orphanage in 1973, at which time all of the orphanage's records were destroyed.

In 2010 a report based on interviews of 35 former residents and employees of the orphanage described children being tied to their beds and a chronic lack of trained staff. Former residents reported signs of psychological trauma including panic attacks and depression.

Schloss Allner remained empty for the next 11 years, suffering devastation and looting of the interior. In 1983 the Hennef town council had the doors and windows boarded up to prevent further vandalism.

Present day
The castle was purchased in 1984 by Professor Franz Schilke. Condominiums were built on the sprawling grounds known as "The Schlosspark" outside the walls of the castle. In 2010 a bridge was constructed to the castle's well-preserved watermill. Now located at Schloßstraße, Schloss Allner is a private residential estate.

Gallery

External links
  - A variety of resources about Schloss Allner [in German]
 Material zu Schloss Allner [in German]
 Kinderheim Schloss Allner - Report on the abuse and neglect of children at Cockerill Children's Home. [in German]
 Website der Stadt Hennef [in German]
 Schloss Allner [in German]

References

Castles in North Rhine-Westphalia
Orphanages in Europe
Gothic Revival architecture in Germany
World War II sites in Germany


The 2014–15 Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team represented the University of North Carolina at Charlotte during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 49ers, led by fifth head coach Alan Major, played their home games at the Dale F. Halton Arena and were  members Conference USA.  Major took an indefinite leave of absence January 6 for medical issues and was replaced by assistant coach Ryan Odom who finished the season as interim head coach.  After the season ended, Major and the university agreed to mutually part ways . They finished the season 14–18, 7–11 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for eleventh place. They lost in the first round of the C-USA tournament to Middle Tennessee.

Previous season
The 49ers finished the season 17–14, 7–9 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for eighth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the C-USA tournament where they lost to Louisiana Tech.

Departures

Incoming transfers

Class of 2014 recruits

Roster

Season Notes

Head Coach Alan Major would take an indefinite leave of absence due to medical reasons starting on January 6 following the game against Old Dominion. He would not return for the season. Assistant Head Coach Ryan Odom would lead the program for the remainder of the season.

True Freshman Torin Dorn would be named Conference USA Freshman of the Year as the 49ers' leading scorer, averaging 11.8 points per game. Senior Pierriá Henry was named to the C-USA All-Defensive Team for the second straight year, which also marked his third Conference All-Defensive Team selection overall.

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#006338; color:#FFFFFF;"| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#006338; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#006338; color:#FFFFFF;"| Conference USA tournament

References

Charlotte
Charlotte 49ers men's basketball seasons
Charlotte 49ers men's basketball
Charlotte 49ers men's basketball


title: Laura Rizzotto

text:
Laura de Carvalho Rizzotto (; born 18 July 1994) is a Latvian-Brazilian singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist. She released her debut studio album Made in Rio in 2011 through Universal Music Brazil, which included the single "Friend in Me". In 2014, she independently released her second studio album Reason to Stay, and independently released the extended play RUBY in 2017.

Rizzotto represented Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal, with the song "Funny Girl", but placed twelfth in the second semifinal and didn't qualify to the final.

Early life and education
Rizzotto was born on 18 July 1994 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She has an older brother named Lucas Rizzotto, who is a VR/AR creator, and a younger sister named Carolina Rizzotto, who is a content creator, videographer, photographer and producer. Her father is a Brazilian of Latvian, Austrian and Italian descent, with his mother being born in Liepāja and raised in Riga, and her mother is Brazilian with Portuguese roots. Rizzotto is the great-granddaughter of Herberts Cukurs, Latvian aviator and fierce Nazi collaborator, known as the Butcher of Riga.

Rizzotto and her family moved to the United States in 2005, and settled in Edina, Minnesota for a year. During that time, she learned how to speak English on the go, by going to school and being surrounded by American kids. In 2006 she moved back to Brazil with her family and spent the rest of her childhood in Ipanema, a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

Laura started studying music at only 8 years old, taking classical piano lessons until she was 17. She also studied classical ballet for 8 years in the Escola Estadual de Danças Maria Olenewa, a dance conservatory in Rio. She even competed as a ballet dancer, until she decided to dedicate herself to music full-time. At 14 years old, Laura started taking her first singing lessons.

In 2012, Laura received a scholarship to attend the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Boston. She moved to the United States then to pursue her musical studies and an international career. In 2013, Rizzotto moved to Los Angeles to attend the California Institute of the Arts, graduating with a BFA degree in musical arts. Afterwards, she moved to New York City and received a master's degree in music from Columbia University in 2017.

Rizzotto currently lives in Los Angeles, US.

Career
Rizzotto began her professional music career at 15 years old, when she started doing her first professional shows as a singer/songwriter in her hometown, Rio de Janeiro. Shortly after, she signed her first record deal with Universal Music Brazil. She went on to release her debut studio album Made in Rio in 2011, which featured 15 original tracks (12 in English and 3 Portuguese versions) written by Laura herself and some in partnership with her older brother, Lucas.  The album was produced by Paul Ralphes and the Grammy Award-winning maestro Eumir Deodato.

In 2012, Rizzotto performed as the opening act for Demi Lovato during her A Special Night with Demi Lovato performances in Brazil.  Shortly after, the singer got a scholarship to attend Berklee College of Music in Boston and moved to the United States to pursue an international career.

In 2013, Laura moved to Los Angeles, California, to work on her sophomore album independently. She self-released her second studio album Reason to Stay. in 2014. Less than year later, at only 20 years old, the artist graduated with her BFA in Musical Arts at the California Institute of the Arts and moved to NYC to pursue a master's degree in Music and work on her third solo project.

In 2015, Rizzotto began her studies at Columbia University, after being awarded a full scholarship for their Masters's program in Music. In 2017, at 22 years old, she graduated with an MA in Music and Music Education from an Ivy League institution. In 2016 to 2017, she worked as the Portuguese language coach for Jennifer Lopez after being hired by Sony Music.

In April 2017, Laura was the moderator of the Music and Culture panel at the Brazil Conference, at Harvard University. The panel featured two Brazilian music icons: Gilberto Gil, Brazil's former minister of culture, and Yamandu Costa, a virtuoso on the acoustic guitar.

In 2018, Rizzotto self-released RUBY, her third solo project and first EP. Laura also composed the soundtrack for "Where Thoughts Go", a multi-award-winning VR experience that was featured in many festivals around the world, including the prestigious Tribeca Film Festival. She also represented Latvia in the Riga Jazz Festival and was invited to perform at the United Nations.

In January 2018, Laura participated and won first place in the Supernova 2018 contest, the National Latvian Selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2018. She performed her winning song 'Funny Girl' at the Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon, but failed to qualify for the grand final. She placed 12th in the semi-final with 106 points.

After Eurovision, Laura moved to Los Angeles to work on her 3rd studio album and continue pursuing her career as a songwriter and artist.

In 2019, Laura made history in her partnership with an Augmented Reality capture studio called METASTAGE. International singer/songwriter Laura Rizzotto is the first musician ever to have a 3D virtual performance in partnership with Metastage, a holocapture stage based in Los Angeles, US. Metastage's mission is to make true-to-life immersive content by capturing live performances, and then presenting them in augmented or virtual reality. Users can download the Metastage mobile app now to see Laura's virtual experience with Metastage (Download the app on iOS or Android). Laura Rizzotto released her single "One More Night" in augmented reality, as well as a virtual performance of her Eurovision Song, "Funny Girl". The project was featured in Forbes magazine.

In 2020, Laura became an official voting member of the Recording Academy, being able to vote for the Grammy Awards, as well as recommend new talents for the academy, submit music for their awards and have access to their private events.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian people of Latvian descent
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
Brazilian women pop singers
Brazilian women singer-songwriters
Brazilian singer-songwriters
Latvian people of Brazilian descent
Latvian people of Portuguese descent
Latvian people of Italian descent
Latvian women singers
Latvian pop singers
Latvian songwriters
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Latvia
Universal Music Group artists
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
People from Edina, Minnesota
Berklee College of Music alumni
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
21st-century Brazilian women singers
21st-century Brazilian singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2018


title: Mystique (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)

text:
Mystique was a long running illusion show at Blackpool Pleasure Beach featuring many different types of illusions, comedy and dance.

The show ran until 2006 and featured illusionist Richard De Vere and his canine companion Schnorbitz for many years.

2006 Cast

2005 Cast List

2004 Cast List

2003 Cast List

2002 Cast List

2001 Cast List

2000 Cast List

1999 Cast List

1997 Cast List

1996 Cast List

1995 Cast List

Blackpool Pleasure Beach


title: Urooj

text:
Urooj () is a Persian and Turkish unisex name meaning "rising, mounting, exaltation, ascension".

Other language variants
Arrudye (Spanish)

People
Oruç Reis ( 1474–1518), a Barbary pirate

References

Turkish unisex given names


title: Kansas v. Cheever

text:
Kansas v. Cheever, 571 U.S. 87 (2013), was a United States Supreme Court case in which a unanimous Court held that the Fifth Amendment does not prevent the prosecution from introducing psychiatric evidence to rebut psychiatric evidence presented by the defense.

Background
In January 2005, Scott Cheever shot and killed Greenwood County Sheriff Matthew Samuels at the residence of Darrell and Belinda Coopers in Hilltop, Kansas. When Samuels arrived, the Coopers, Cheever, and two others were using methamphetamines. At the time, Cheever had an outstanding warrant for which Samuels would arrest him.

At trial, Cheever asserted a voluntary intoxication defense and argued that the methamphetamine use rendered him mentally incapable of the premeditation required for murder. During the trial, the judge ordered Cheever to undergo a psychiatric examination conducted by a psychiatrist hired by the government. The prosecution sought to bring the interview transcript into evidence to impeach Cheever's testimony regarding the order of events at the Coopers' residence, which the court allowed. After the defense rested their case, the prosecution called the psychiatrist to the stand as a rebuttal witness to respond to the defense's claims regarding Cheever's mental capacity at the time of the crime. The trial court allowed the psychiatrist's testimony as a rebuttal witness. The jury found Cheever guilty and, at a separate sentencing hearing, sentenced him to death. The Kansas Supreme Court held that the admission of the government psychiatrist's testimony into evidence violated Cheever's Fifth Amendment rights.

Opinion of the Court
Justice Sotomayor delivered the opinion of the Court.

Reaffirming its prior ruling in Buchanan v. Kentucky, , the Court held that when "a defense expert who has examined the defendant testifies that the defendant lacked the requisite mental state to commit an offense, the prosecution may present psychiatric evidence in rebuttal." Not allowing this would "undermine the adversarial process" and permit a defendant to provide "a one-sided and potentially inaccurate view of his mental state" at the time of the crime, through an expert. The Fifth Amendment does not permit a defendant who chooses to testify to refuse to submit to cross-examination.

The Court also drew a distinction between "mental status," at issue in Buchanan, and "mental disease or defect," a provision of Kansas law which does not include voluntary intoxication, calling the former a broader term than the latter. Kansas' usage of the court-ordered exam to rebut the voluntary-intoxication defense is not prohibited by the Fifth Amendment.

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2013 in United States case law
United States Fifth Amendment case law


title: Gödel logic

text:
In mathematical logic, a first-order Gödel logic is a member of a family of finite- or infinite-valued logics in which the sets of truth values V are closed subsets of the unit interval [0,1] containing both 0 and 1. Different such sets V in general determine different Gödel logics.  The concept is named after Kurt Gödel.

References

Set theory
Mathematical logic
Formal methods


title: No Place to Hide (Lost in Space)

text:
"No Place to Hide" is the unaired 1965 pilot episode produced for CBS to promote the television series Lost in Space. The episode was directed by series creator Irwin Allen.

Plot synopsis
The spacecraft Gemini 12 was intended to undertake a century-long flight to Alpha Centauri, with its crew in suspended animation. The six-person crew consisted of a family of five (the Robinsons) and one geologist (Don West). The ship was damaged by a meteor storm shortly after liftoff. The resulting damage sent the Gemini 12 out of control, and it was presumed lost in space.

The disabled ship crashed on a habitable planet. After the crash, controlled regeneration awoke the crew from three years in suspended animation. After six months on the planet, the ship's captain and family patriarch, Dr. John Robinson, remained hopeful of making repairs and resuming the flight; however, the crew then began to encounter serious weather problems, requiring them to abandon the spacecraft and hurry south to avoid freezing. After encountering a giant Cyclops, discovering an abandoned castle in a cave, and undertaking the perilous crossing of an inland sea, they reached a tropical sanctuary where they were observed by aliens.

Comparison to later series
The pilot featured a single-deck, sub-lightspeed, interstellar, flying saucer spacecraft known as the Gemini 12, which was renamed and redesigned as the Jupiter 2 for the actual series. Unlike the Jupiter 2, the Gemini 12 had no airlock, no seats for the pilot, very few controls at the front of the craft, no elevator, no landing gear, and a crew of only six. The ship did, however, carry a Chariot all-terrain vehicle, and the Jet Pack flying device.

The episode portrayed the entire crew as intellectually gifted or accomplished: both John and Maureen Robinson had doctoral degrees, their children were prodigies, and Don West was identified as a doctor of geology. The pilot did not include later series regulars Dr. Zachary Smith or the Robot.  It was instead about the adventures of the Robinsons, a happy family. The cooperative, friendly family depicted in the pilot were somewhat less so in the series, and still more different from the dysfunctional space family depicted in the 1998 spin-off motion picture.

The theme music for this pilot was taken from the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still.

Nearly all of the footage from the pilot was reused, finding its way into the first five episodes of the weekly series. Although there were obvious inconsistencies, the incorporation was nevertheless creatively carried out.

Release
The 1965 pilot was not broadcast until 1993, when June Lockhart hosted the Sci-Fi Channel's first Pilot Playhouse. The special aired the pilot episodes of many sci-fi series including the Robot-less and Dr. Smith-less pilot of "Lost in Space" titled "No Place to Hide."

The pilot was released as part of a VHS box set, Lost in Space: The Collector's Edition, in February 1995.

References

Lost in Space
Unaired television pilots


title: Hendrick Coning

text:
Hendrick Coning (1604 – after 1660), was a Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij.

Biography
He was born in Haarlem as the son of Hendrick Hendricksz and Neeltje Jacobsdr Soeteman, who married Hester de Klerck on 18 July 1632. He became a sergeant in the St. George militia from 1636 to 1639 and was portrayed along with the rest of the officers of his militia  in Frans Hals' painting The Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1639. His brother Cornelis is standing below him. Later he became a lieutenant in the St. Adrian militia from 1639 to 1642, but he was again lieutenant for the St. George militia during the years 1645–1648, 1651–1654, and 1657–1660. In the portrait, he is pointing at the weapon he should be holding (that of a lieutenant, because he was already serving as lieutenant) and the place he should be standing, namely the front row, like his brother.

He died in Haarlem.

References

1604 births
1660s deaths
Frans Hals
People from Haarlem


title: Amendola Air Base

text:
Amendola Air Base (ICAO: LIBA) is a military airfield of the Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare).  It is the home of 32nd Wing.

Overview
Amendola Air Base was primarily a training base for pilots of the AMX International AMX ground attack aircraft and the main base for Italian Air Force AMX pilots. It is now the main base for the Italian F-35 Lighting program.

The 28th Group operates the training centre for Italian Air Force MQ-1C Predator and MQ-9A Reaper UAVs. The 632d Squadron provides connections through the aircraft supplied (MB339) training, flight personnel under the 28th Group in order to ensure adequate training level on traditional piloted aircraft.

Aircraft assigned to Amendola Air Base include the following:
 13º Gruppo FBA (13th Fighter-Bomber Squadron) operating Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning IIs
 28º Gruppo UAV (28th Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron) operating 5 × RQ-1A Predator
 432º Gruppo STO (432nd Technical Support Squadron)
 532º Gruppo SLO (532nd Logistic Support Squadron)
 932º Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili (932nd (F-35A Lightning II) Maintenance Squadron)
 632ª Squadriglia Collegamenti (632nd SAR and Communication Flight)

Amendola was also used operationally by NATO forces in 2011 as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn and Operation Unified Protector.

History

World War II
Amendola Airfield was a pre-war Royal Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) facility, built about 1931. With the surrender of Italy to the Allies on 3 September 1943, the German Luftwaffe quickly seized control of the airfield upon hearing of Italy's capitulation, and briefly used it as a combat airfield. However, Allied forces seized control of the Tavoliere plain in late September/October and occupied the airfield.

The United States Army Corps of Engineers eventually rebuilt the facility into a heavy bomber-capable airfield, to be used by bomber groups assigned to USAAF Fifteenth Air Force. It had two 6,000' x 100' runways laid over pierced steel planking, oriented 11/29. There were two perimeter tracks, and several other loop taxiways each containing about 100 aircraft parking hardstands, both of the double loop for bombers and single frying pan type for fighters. There may have been some temporary hangars and buildings; however, most personnel were quartered primarily in tents, and most aircraft maintenance took place in the open on hardstands. It also had a steel control tower.

Operationally, Amendola became one of the largest USAAF airfields in Italy. Its first use was by the Twelfth Air Force 57th Fighter Group, which operated three P-40 Warhawk fighter-bomber squadrons from 27 October 1943. A second Twelfth Air Force Group, the 321st Bombardment Group moved in on 20 November 1943 with four B-25 Mitchell squadrons.

In December 1943, Amendola was transferred to Fifteenth Air Force, which stationed two B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombardment Groups. The 321st BG moved out to Vincenzo Airfield and the 57th FG to Cercola Airfield by March 1944. Once the airfield was vacant by 12th AF the 2d Bombardment Group and 97th Bombardment Group moved in from bases in Tunisia.

After being part of the Army of Occupation in Italy after the war, the 2nd Bombardment Group moved to Foggia Airfield in November 1945; the 97th moved to Marcianise Airfield in October, and by the end of 1945, the Americans had placed the airfield into an inactive status.

Italian Air Force
On 1 February 1947 the vacant Amendola Airfield was turned over to the new Aeronautica Militare. The runway was lengthened for jet aircraft use, and its main mission was to train jet pilots on the de Havilland Vampire DH.113 and Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star. In 1953, night fighter training commenced with the de Havilland DH.113s.

The Fiat G.91 arrived in 1954 which was used for almost 30 years for advanced pilot training.

Not only training squadrons operated from Amendola. 32 Squadron (32 Stormo) arrived at the airfield in 1993 for operational use. It flew the twin-engine Fiat G.91Y. By 1995, all G.91 were retired and replaced by the modern AMX. With these aircraft, the squadron participated in 1997 and 1999 NATO missions over the former Yugoslavia. During the Kosovo War, Amendola hosted Belgian and Dutch F-16 fighter aircraft. In 2002, the Italian Air Force received their first MQ-1 Predator drones, which later together with the AMX fighter aircraft, were used in Afghanistan.
In preparation for the introduction of Lockheed Martin F-35 one of two AMX squadrons stationed here (13 Gruppo) was dissolved in December 2013 and reestablished with F-35s. On 12 December 2016 Amendola received the first two operational ItAF F-35As, marking the first combat unit operational with this model outside the US.

See also

 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress airfields in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations

References

Airfields of the Fifteenth Air Force during World War II
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1931
Italian airbases


title: 2014 People's Climate March

text:
The People's Climate March (PCM) was a large-scale activist event orchestrated by the People's Climate Movement to advocate global action against climate change, which took place on Sunday, September 21, 2014, in New York City, along with a series of companion actions worldwide, many of which also took the name People's Climate March. With an estimated 311,000 participants, the New York event was the largest climate change march in history.  Described as "an invitation to change everything," the march was called in May 2014 by the global advocacy human rights group Avaaz and 350.org, the environmental organization founded by writer/activist Bill McKibben, and it was endorsed by "over 1,500 organizations, including many international and national unions, churches, schools and community and environmental justice organizations." It was conceived as a response to (but not a protest against) the scheduled U.N. Climate Summit of world leaders to take place in New York City two days later, on September 23.

Although based in New York, the event was global in scope and implication, with "companion demonstrations" worldwide. Organizers intended the march to be "the largest single event on climate that has been organized to date… one so large and diverse that it cannot be ignored." The entire PCM project consisted of "numerous events, actions, symposia, presentations, and more organized over the course of the days leading up to the Summit, and in the days following," of which the march was intended to be "the anchor event." Worldwide, nearly 600,000 people were estimated to have marched on September 21, including those in New York.

Public invitation to the march
On May 21, McKibben published an article on the website of Rolling Stone magazine (later appearing in the magazine's print issue of June 5), entitled "A Call to Arms," which invited readers to a major climate march in New York City for the weekend of September 20–21. In the article, McKibben calls climate change "the biggest crisis our civilization has ever faced," and predicts that the march will be "the largest demonstration yet of human resolve in the face of climate change."

After criticizing world leaders, including President Obama, for not moving fast enough or going far enough to combat climate change, McKibben cites increasing evidence of environmental deterioration, including the melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice, the acidification of the oceans, and violent weather and quotes one climate scientist as exclaiming "We're all sitting ducks." He blames this state of affairs primarily on the fossil-fuel industry, which "by virtue of being perhaps the richest enterprise in human history, has been able to delay effective action, almost to the point where it's too late." Although he claims that local, small-scale activism is crucial, the global climate justice movement sometimes "needs to come together and show the world how big it's gotten," and to allow for "opening up space for change." Writes McKibben: "A loud movement – one that gives our 'leaders' permission to actually lead, and then scares them into doing so – is the only hope of upending" the "prophecy" that it's already too late to reverse the problem.

Staging area and route

The staging area in which marchers for the New York City event were to assemble on the morning of September 21, as agreed upon by the march organizers and local authorities, was located in a blocked-off area of Central Park West between 59th and 86th Streets, north of Manhattan's Columbus Circle, which is the official starting point of the march. The area was divided into six sections, and participating groups were to gather in the particular section appropriate to the mission and purpose of each group. These were:

 "Frontline" groups ("Frontlines of Crisis, Forefront of Change"), located between 59th and 65th Streets – This area includes those people who are first and most impacted by climate change, including indigenous peoples, environmental justice organizations and other communities;
 Generational groups ("We Can Build the Future"), located between 65th and 72nd Streets – This area includes labor organizations, families – parents and their children, students, elders, etc.;
 Environmental groups ("We Have Solutions"), located between 72nd and 77th Streets – This area includes renewable energy, food and water justice and general environmental organizations;
 Protest groups ("We Know Who Is Responsible"), located between 77th and 81st Streets – This area includes anti-corporate and peace and justice groups as well as similar organizations;
Science ("The Debate Is Over"), located between 81st and 82nd Streets – This area includes scientists, interfaith groups and related organizations;
 Interfaith group, (Lutheran, Hindu), located on 58th Street between 8th and 9th Avenues.
 Miscellaneous groups ("To Change Everything, We Need Everyone"), located between 82nd and 86th Street – This area includes LGBTQ groups and various geographic entities, including New York City boroughs and communities, other U.S. city and state groups and groups from non-U.S. countries.

The drop-off point for charter buses of marchers arriving from other places in the U.S. was on 86th Street between Broadway and Central Park West. The staging area is most easily accessible by subway via the 1 line (66th, 72nd and 79th Street stops) and the C line (72nd, 81st and 86th Street stops).

There were only five permitted entry points to the staging area; all other streets were blocked off. The five permitted entry points were 65th, 72nd, 77th, 81st and 86th Streets. It was anticipated by some organizers that parts or all of the staging area might be closed off by the police well before the march is due to begin at 11:30 am, which means that those who arrive late in the morning might be placed at the rear of the march. In addition, those who leave the area before the march begins might not be permitted by the police to return. Therefore, some organizers advised marchers to arrive with sufficient food, water and sunscreen, as, after a certain point, they might not be able to leave the area.

The march began at 11:30 am at Manhattan's Columbus Circle. The march itinerary included 59th Street (moving east), 6th Avenue (moving south), 42nd Street (moving west) and 11th Avenue (moving south), ending at 34th Street and 11th Avenue, near the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.

Peripheral events
A number of peripheral events were planned for before, during or after the weekend of the march. They included the following:

Great March for Climate Action
The Great March for Climate Action consists of a cross-country march from Los Angeles, California, to Washington, D.C., which began on March 1, 2014, and is scheduled to conclude on November 1, 2014. The march participants plan to take part in the PCM by interrupting their march for four days and traveling by bus from Ohio to New York City. The purpose of the convergence is to combine two historic climate marches – the largest (PCM) and the longest (The Great March). The marchers plan to return to Ohio beginning on the evening of September 21, hopefully bringing with them hundreds of new marchers from the PCM for the final six weeks of their journey. The Great March is scheduled to end just prior to the November 5 American mid-term elections.

Disruption (movie)
Disruption is a film, approximately 52 minutes long, directed by Kelly Nyks and Jared P. Scott, which is being screened at various public venues, as well as in self-hosted screenings (for example, in libraries, campuses and community centers) on September 7, 2014, exactly two weeks before the People's Climate March, and on subsequent dates prior to the march. The film was partly produced by the organization 350.org, which called the PCM. On the evening of September 7, one of the free public screenings, which will take place at The New School in New York City, "will include a follow-up Q&A with some of the climate movement's most recognized leaders, some of whom are featured in the film."

According to 350.org, the film's title refers to "the dangerous environmental tipping points after which the entire climate system could spiral out of control, as well as the need for a mass social movement to disrupt the status quo and business-as-usual approach which is inhibiting the bold actions necessary to protect the planet's future."

According to the event organizers, the film "takes the viewer on a fast-paced journey through the tangled world of climate change: the science, the politics, the solutions, and the stories that define this crisis at this pivotal point in human history. This is a movie by and for the movement." The film also seeks to answer the question "When it comes to climate change, why do we do so little when we know so much?"

The film also argues that the environment crisis impacts other movements, such as that for social justice, as marginalized people stand to suffer most from the ravages of climate change. In a clip from the film, Eddie Bautista, executive director for the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance and one of the PCM's leading organizers, states, "This is not just about the environment, it's about the community, it's about jobs, it's about justice." Author Naomi Klein says in the film, "We have a responsibility to rise to our historic moment."

The film can be viewed online.

New York City Climate Convergence

The New York City Climate Convergence is a coalition formed by two political activist environmental organizations, System Change Not Climate Change (SCNCC) and the Global Climate Convergence (GCC). During the weekend of the climate march, the organization will hold two plenaries and a number of workshops that will focus on what the organizers claim are the economic causes of climate change, and on ways in which the system can be altered, so that the world will begin to value "people, planet and peace over profit." According to the coalition's website, the "GCC recently rose to prominence when it organized a series of climate actions connecting to the labour and environmental movements (the social and ecological) in a campaign called 'Mother Earth Day to May Day 2014.' SCNCC, an 'ecosocialist' coalition arose out of multiple socialist and activists [sic] organizations in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy which devastated New York city [sic]."

The coalition, as well as other groups espousing various forms of direct action, has been cited as furnishing "opportunities to build a stronger and more effective climate justice movement." The coalition is demanding:
 "Millions of jobs in renewable energy, conservation, and public transit
 A just transition from fossil fuels and nuclear power
 New food, water, and sanitation systems
 An emergency transition to a new kind of economy
 Tax the rich and slash the military budget."

The Opening Plenary for the New York City Climate Convergence, to be held on Friday evening, September 19 in midtown Manhattan, will include as speakers Bolivian water rights activist Oscar Olivera, Philippine trade unionist leader Josua Mata, Erica Violet Lee of the indigenous rights group Idle No More, hip hop artist and activist Immortal Technique, Anne Petermann of the Global Justice Ecology Project and Nastaran Mohit of the New York State Nurses Association. The Closing Plenary, to be held on the following night, will include as speakers the well-known author and activist Naomi Klein (The Shock Doctrine), Jacqui Patterson of the NAACP Environmental & Climate Justice Program, Desmond D'Sa, the 2014 Goldman Prize recipient from South Africa and Olga Bautista of the Southeast Side Coalition Against Petcoke. Workshops will also be held during the day on September 20.

Flood Wall Street
The day after the People's Climate March, on September 22, several thousand protesters participated in Flood Wall Street, which blocked traffic in New York's Financial District for much of the day. The action was presented as a response to a call by the Climate Justice Alliance, a network of groups on the front-lines of climate change, to call corporate America to account for its role in pollution. Explaining the rationale, journalist (and Flood Wall Street participant) Nathan Schneider wrote in Al Jazeera America, "Climate change is war – and Wall Street is winning." Approximately 100 people were arrested by the end of the day, of which 10 faced trial and were found not guilty on March 5, 2015.

Other global actions

Major global marches

The BBC reported an estimated 600,000 people turned out for events in 156 countries. The following are other major global marches related to the PCM. Organizers urged those in the geographic vicinity of one of the following marches who had transportation access to that place, to attend that particular march, rather than start a new, smaller one. (Please note: all times and locations are for Sunday, September 21, unless otherwise noted.)
 Berlin, 4:00 PM (Berlin time); start: Brandenburg Gate; end: Potsdamer Platz
 Bogotá, 10:00 am (Bogotá time); start: Parque Nacional; end: Plaza de los Periodistas
 New Delhi, 9:00 am, Saturday, September 20 (New Delhi time); Central Delhi (start and end locations undetermined)
 Istanbul, 11:00 am, Saturday, September 20 (Istanbul time); start: Tobacco Warehouse Lüleci Hendek Street No.12
 Johannesburg, 7:30 PM, Friday, September 19 (Johannesburg time); start: 2 Miriam Makeba Drive, Newtown
 Lagos, 10:00 am, Monday, September 22 (Lagos time); start: Alausa, Lagos
 London, 12:30 PM (London time); start: Temple Place; end: Parliament House
 Melbourne: 30,000 people marched through the CBD, from the State Library to Treasury Gardens.
 Paris, 2:00 PM (Paris time); start: Place de la République; end: Hôtel de Ville Metro station
 Rio de Janeiro, 10:30 am (Rio time); start: Ipanema, Posto 8

See also
 Environmental politics
 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
 List of environmental protests
 March for Science (22 April 2017)
 Paris Agreement
 Politics of global warming

Notes

References

External links

 People's Climate Week – NYC
 People's Climate March – Global Mobilisation

2014 in the environment
2014 protests
Protest marches in New York City
Protests in the United States
Climate change protests
Environmental protests in the United States


title: Bombay frog

text:
Bombay frog may refer to:

 Bombay night frog (Nyctibatrachus humayuni), a frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to the Western Ghats of Maharashtra state, India
 Bombay wart frog (Zakerana syhadrensis), a frog in the family Dicroglossidae native to India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Drew Rucinski

text:
Drew James Rucinski (born December 30, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Minnesota Twins, and Miami Marlins, and in the KBO League for the NC Dinos.

Career
Rucinski attended Union High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He played college baseball at Ohio State University for the Ohio State Buckeyes from 2008 to 2011.

Cleveland Indians
The Cleveland Indians signed Rucinski as an undrafted free agent on June 15, 2011. He spent his first professional season split between the rookie–level Arizona League Indians, Low–A Mahoning Valley Scrappers, and Single–A Lake County Captains. In 22 appearances out of the bullpen, he logged a cumulative 4–0 record and 2.92 ERA with 47 strikeouts in 37.0 innings of work. Rucinski was released by the Indians organization on March 28, 2012.

Rockford RiverHawks/Aviators
On April 23, 2012, Rucinski signed with the Rockford RiverHawks of the Frontier League. In 22 games (15 starts), Rucinski logged a 7–4 record and 3.13 ERA with 91 strikeouts in  innings pitched. In 2013, Rucinski returned to Rockford, now the Aviators, making 15 starts and posting a 4–6 record and 2.88 ERA with 101 strikeouts in 100.0 innings of work.

Los Angeles Angels
On August 6, 2013, Rucinski signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Angels organization. He finished the year with the High–A Inland Empire 66ers, posting a 1.86 ERA across 5 starts. In 2014, Rucinski made 26 starts for the Double–A Arkansas Travelers, logging a 10–6 record and 3.15 ERA with 140 strikeouts in  innings pitched.

On July 10, 2014, Rucinski was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time. In 3 games for the Angels, he logged a 4.91 ERA with 8 strikeouts in  innings  pitched. In 2015, Rucinski made the Angels' Opening Day roster, beating out Andrew Heaney and Nick Tropeano. He made only 4 appearances for the team, struggling to a 7.71 ERA with 4 strikeouts in 7.0 innings of work. On September 1, 2015, Rucinski was designated for assignment following the promotion of Wesley Wright. On September 4, he cleared waivers and was sent outright to the Triple–A Salt Lake Bees. He elected free agency following the season on November 6.

Chicago Cubs
On November 16, 2015, Rucinski signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs organization. He spent the 2016 season with the Triple–A Iowa Cubs, making 28 starts and posting a 7–15 record and 5.92 ERA with 116 strikeouts in 155.0 innings of work. Rucinski elected free agency following the season on November 7, 2016.

Minnesota Twins
On December 15, 2016, Rucinski signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. He began the 2017 season with the Triple–A Rochester Red Wings, posting a 3.48 ERA with 13 strikeouts in  innings pitched. On May 5, 2017, the Twins selected Rucinski's contract, adding him to the major league roster. He struggled immensely in two appearances for Minnesota, allowing five runs on ten hits and two walks in  innings of work. On June 11, Rucinski was designated for assignment following the promotion of Nik Turley. On June 15, he re–signed with the Twins on a minor league deal after briefly becoming a free agent. On September 6, Rucinski was released by the Twins organization.

Miami Marlins
On November 30, 2017, Rucinski signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins. He began the 2018 season with the Triple–A New Orleans Baby Cakes, posting a 2.52 ERA with 21 strikeouts across 14 appearances. Rucinski had his contract purchased to the major league roster on June 3, 2018. He made 32 relief appearances for Miami, recording a 4.33 ERA with 27 strikeouts in  innings pitched. On October 27, Rucinski was removed from the 40–man roster and sent outright to Triple–A New Orleans; however, he subsequently elected free agency in lieu of the assignment.

NC Dinos
On November 29, 2018, Rucinski signed a one-year, $600,000 contract with the NC Dinos of the KBO League. On January 1, 2021, Rucinski re-signed with the Dinos on a one-year, $1.6 million contract. He posted a 15–10 record with a 3.17 ERA and 177 strikeouts over 178 ⅔ innings. On December 21, 2021, Rucinski re-signed with the Dinos to a $2 million deal, which tied for the second-most lucrative contract for a foreign player at the time of his signing. Rucinski was named a KBO All-Star for the team in 2022. He became a free agent after the 2022 season.

Oakland Athletics
On December 21, 2022, Rucinski signed a one-year contract with the Oakland Athletics that contains a club option for the 2024 season. He began the 2023 season working out of Oakland's rotation, and went 0–4 through his first 4 starts with the club. On May 20, 2023, Rucinski was placed on the injured list with a gastrointestinal illness. On June 11, it was announced that he had recovered from the illness, but was dealing with a low–grade MCL sprain of his right knee. On June 20, Rucinski was transferred to the 60-day injured list. On July 18, it was announced that he would undergo season–ending back surgery to address a degenerative condition.

References

External links

Ohio State Buckeyes bio

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Neenah, Wisconsin
Baseball players from Wisconsin
Major League Baseball pitchers
Los Angeles Angels players
Minnesota Twins players
Miami Marlins players
Oakland Athletics players
Ohio State Buckeyes baseball players
Arizona League Indians players
Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Lake County Captains players
Rockford RiverHawks players
Inland Empire 66ers players
Arkansas Travelers players
Salt Lake Bees players
Iowa Cubs players
Rochester Red Wings players
Rockford Aviators players
New Orleans Baby Cakes players
Las Vegas Aviators players
NC Dinos players
KBO League pitchers
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea


The 2014–15 New Hampshire Wildcats women's basketball team represented the University of New Hampshire in the America East Conference. The Wildcats were led by fifth-year head coach Maureen Magarity and once again played their home games in Lundholm Gym. They finished the season 17–12, 9–7 in America East play to finish in fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the America East women's tournament to Hartford. Despite finishing with 17 wins, they were not invited to a postseason tournament.

Media
All non-televised home games and conference road games streamed on either ESPN3 or AmericaEast.tv. Select home games aired on Fox College Sports, Live Well Network, or WBIN. Most road games streamed on the opponent's website. All conference home games and select non-conference home games were broadcast on the radio on WPKX, WGIR and online on the New Hampshire Portal.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#00337F; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season

|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#00337F;"| 2015 America East tournament

See also
2014–15 New Hampshire Wildcats men's basketball team
New Hampshire Wildcats women's basketball

References

New Hampshire
New Hampshire Wildcats women's basketball seasons
New Hamp
New Hamp


title: The Crash (2017 film)

text:
The Crash is an American thriller film, written and directed by Aram Rappaport and produced by Aaron Becker, Isaac La Mell, Kristi Gescheidler, Atit Shah, Hilary Shor, and Peter Shuldiner. The film stars Minnie Driver, Frank Grillo, Dianna Agron, AnnaSophia Robb, Maggie Q, Mary McCormack, Ed Westwick, Christopher McDonald, and John Leguizamo.

The film had a direct-to-VOD and limited release on January 13, 2017 in North America.

Plot
In the not-so-distant future, a team of white-collar criminals is enlisted by the federal government of the United States to thwart a cyberattack that threatens to bankrupt the United States of America.

Cast
 Minnie Driver as Shannon Clifton
 Frank Grillo as Guy Clifton
 John Leguizamo as George Diebold
 Dianna Agron as Amelia Rhondart
 Mary McCormack as Sarah Schwab
 Christopher McDonald as Richard Del Banco
 Maggie Q as Nurse Hilary
 AnnaSophia Robb as Creason Clifton
 Ed Westwick as Ben Collins

Production

Casting
On October 29, 2013, Variety announced that Frank Grillo and Minnie Driver will be starring in A Conspiracy on Jekyll Island as a married couple; Dianna Agron, John Leguizamo, Ed Westwick, and Maggie Q will be joining them. On November 25, 2013, Deadline Hollywood reported that AnnaSophia Robb will be portraying the duo's character cancer-stricken daughter. On December 2, 2014, Variety reported that Mary McCormack had been added to the ensemble. Rappaport admitted that Agron's character is a "total badass" and is one of the lead roles. Agron said that her character is "much more aggressive" than her past roles. On August 11, 2015, Rappaport and producer Atit Shah reported that the score, composed by Guy Moon, was being recorded by The Seattle Philharmonic Orchestra.

Ashton Kutcher was first offered the role of Guy Clifton and accepted the role pending he could shoot on weekends while filming "Two and a Half Men" but scheduling conflicts forced him to drop out. Lenny Kravitz accepted the role of Guy Clifton but was forced to drop out of the project because of The Hunger Games promotions. With Lenny Kravitz attached, Zoey Kravitz was going to play his daughter, but after he departed from the project negotiations with Zoey fell through. Frank Grillo eventually was cast as the lead after Helen Hunt suggested Minnie Driver play the role of Shannon. Serving as an executive producer, Frank Grillo rejected casting Bella Thorne as his daughter in the film as well as a Courtney Love cameo as Hillary Clinton. Dominic Cooper and Sean Combs were loosely attached to roles but eventually dropped out last minute.

At the 2016 People's Choice Awards held in Los Angeles on January 6, 2016 Ed Westwick had this to say on how his fans will react to finally seeing him play a character with a solid sense of right and wrong, "It was different from anything I had done, that's always something that's going to make you attracted to a part," said Westwick. "The moral compass was also something that was interesting as well because after someone does something that's bad, how do they get back to a neutral place or a more positive place?" Westwick added that he's hoping fans enjoy seeing him in a new light.

Filming
Principal photography, beginning November 2013, took place in Chicago, Michigan, Indiana, New York City, Washington, D.C., London, and Paris.

Release
The Crash had a limited release theatrically and is available digitally and on video on demand beginning January 13, 2017 in North America.

Internationally the film was released under the title Conspiracy in 2017.

Reception
The film received prominently negative critic reviews, it holds a 17% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 12 reviews, with an average rating of 3.67/10. The users average rating is significantly higher at 71% positive. Metacritic reports a score of 28/100 based on 7 critics, generally unfavorable reviews".

Edward Douglas of Film Journal International called the movie "an entertaining film that tries to point out the flaws in the American financial system with a short running time that ensures it never wears out its welcome."

References

External links

2017 films
2017 thriller films
American thriller films
American independent films
Films shot in Chicago
Films shot in Michigan
Films shot in Illinois
Films shot in Paris
Films shot in London
Films shot in Indiana
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Washington, D.C.
Films about financial crises
Films scored by Guy Moon
Financial thrillers
Malware in fiction
Vertical Entertainment films
2017 independent films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


title: WAUA

text:
WAUA may refer to:

 WAUA-LD, a low-power television station (channel 23) licensed to serve Columbus, Georgia, United States; see List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)
 West African Unit of Account
 WAUE, a radio station (100.3 FM) licensed to serve Waverly, Alabama, United States, which held the call sign WAUA from 2015 to 2019
 WVDS, a radio station (89.5 FM) licensed to serve Petersburg, West Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WAUA from 1997 to 2014


title: Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I

text:
Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah I (1802 - 1838) was the thirty-first sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He was the sixth ruler of the Bugis Dynasty and reigned from 1823 to 1838.

Accession and consolidation of Aceh

The old sultan Alauddin Jauhar ul-Alam Syah had led a turbulent reign and was not recognized in all Aceh at his death in December 1823. He did not even control the capital Kutaraja. At his demise he left six children, two by the principal queen Puteri Siharibulan and four with other wives. His testament pointed out a six-years old son by the main wive called Abdul Muhammad. However, this was not accepted by Panglima Polem who headed the XXII Mukims, one of the three regions (sagi) of Aceh. Instead a 22-year-old son from a co-wife, Tengku Da'ud (also known as Tengku Darid or Sultan Buyung), was appointed, supported by his grandmother Merah di Awan. His throne name was Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah. His full brother Tuanku Ibrahim was appointed Raja Muda (junior king); he would be the main force at the Acehnese court up to 1870. A new civil war threatened to tear Aceh apart since Puteri Siharibulan refused to accept the decision. She made an appeal to the British in Penang and asked for intervention. However, at this time the British had no interest in the politics of Aceh. Puteri Siharibulan and Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah were eventually reconciled via the mediation of the Raja Muda. The new sultan gradually gained acceptance from the panglima sagi (regional headmen), the orang kayas (grandees) and the uleëbalangs (chiefs).

London Treaty

The British reluctance to intervene was related to the London Treaty of 17 March 1824 between the Netherlands and Great Britain. Britain, concerned with the power balance in Europe, did not want a weak Netherlands and agreed to demarcate the spheres of interest in the East Indies. The Melaka Straits would form the border between the spheres, meaning that there would be no British possessions on Sumatra, and no treaties with local states there. On the other hand, the British rights to Singapore and Melaka were stated. The Dutch diplomats promised to build up regular relations with Aceh to ensure security for sailors and merchants without abrogating its independence. The Acehnese authorities were not consulted on the matter but the treaty helped prolonging the independence of Aceh up to the 1870s.

Conflicts and incidents

The following years were marked by a number of violent incidents, as a result of the Dutch expansion on Sumatra which broke the influence on the coasts that Aceh had gained during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1829 the Dutch tried to take control over Barus from the Acehnese but were stopped. The attempt was repeated in 1834, again without success. After the first Dutch advance an Acehnese force assaulted and invested the Dutch fort in Tapanuli. In 1830 the Dutch Resident on the west coast, MacGillavry, concluded a contract with the raja of Trumon which had hitherto been under the Aceh Sultanate but was now acknowledged as autonomous. Three years later the Dutch decided that the Singkil River would be considered the frontier between Aceh and the Dutch sphere on the west coast. Acehnese war-bands were involved in the Padri War where a staunchly Muslim Minangkabau faction (the Padris) fought the Dutch in West Sumatra. In 1831 Aierbangis and Natal were besieged by the Padris on the land side, and by the Acehnese from the sea. The attack was just barely beaten off. A new crisis arose in 1836 when the Dutch schooner Dolfijn was captured by the Acehnese. The authorities in Batavia dispatched two envoys, Ritter and Van Loon, to Kutaraja in 1837. Their findings there indicated that the ship had been burnt and that the money and equipment on board had been appropriated by Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah, although the sultan alleged something else.

End of the reign

Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah was not described as a very energetic ruler. He was sickly, smoked opium, and followed the guidance of his trustees. His reign nevertheless saw a lively economic activity. A large part of the world's pepper was produced in the sultanate and British, French and American merchants brought rich cargoes from the Acehnese ports. The Dutch did not fetch much advantage of the opportunities, either because the spirit of enterprise was lacking or since the Dutch did not have attractive barter goods at hand. The sultan died in 1838 and left a son who was still a child, Raja Sulaiman. The child was nominally enthroned as Alauddin Sulaiman Ali Iskandar Syah. However, the Raja Muda, Tuanku Ibrahim gained power as acting sultan and would hold the reins for the next 32 years.

References

Literature

.
 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critische overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135-265.
 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië (1917), Vol. 1. 's Gravenhage & Leiden: M. Nijhoff & Brill.
 Langen, K.F.H. van (1888), De inrichting van het Atjehsche staatsbestuur onder het sultanaat. 's Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff
 Lee Kam Hing (1995) The Sultanate of Aceh: Relations with the British, 1760-1824. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
 Veth, P.J. (1873) Atchin en zijne betrekkingen tot Nederland. Leiden: G. Kolff.

Sultans of Aceh
1802 births
1838 deaths
19th-century Indonesian people


title: Dogtown, Florida

text:
Dogtown is an unincorporated community in Gadsden County, Florida, United States.  It is located  south of the Florida-Georgia state line, along County Road 159.

A portion of a geologic clay formation found in North Florida called the Torreya Formation is exposed near Dogtown, and two mines were located there.  The Douglas Owens Mine, as well as the La Camelia Mine, owned by Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corporation, mined resources from an outcrop of the Torreya Formation known as the "Dogtown Member".  Fossils of Carcharodon hastalis, a shark which existed from the early Miocene through early-late Pliocene (about 20 to 3 million years ago), have been found at the La Camelia Mine.

The Greenshade African Methodist Episcopal Church is located on County Road 159 in Dogtown, and the Owens Cemetery is located along Dogtown Road.

References

Unincorporated communities in Gadsden County, Florida
Tallahassee metropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Florida


title: 32nd Yokohama Film Festival

text:
The  was held in 2011 in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

Awards
 Best Film: 13 Assassins
 Best Director: Takashi Miike - 13 Assassins and Zebraman 2: Attack on Zebra City
 Best New Director:
 Yuya Ishii - Sawako Decides and Kimi to Arukō
 Masaaki Taniguchi - Time Traveller: The Girl Who Leapt Through Time
 Best Screenplay: Daisuke Tengan - 13 Assassins
 Best Cinematographer: Jun Fukumoto - Kondo wa Aisaika and Parade
 Best Actor: Etsushi Toyokawa - Kondo wa Aisaika and Sword of Desperation
 Best Actress: Hikari Mitsushima - Sawako Decides and Kakera: A Piece of Our Life
 Best Supporting Actor: Renji Ishibashi - Kondo wa Aisaika, Parade, Strangers in the City, Outrage and Fallen Angel
 Best Supporting Actress: Yui Natsukawa - Kokō no Mesu
 Best Newcomer:
 Osamu Mukai - BECK and Hanamizuki
 Hiroko Sato - A Night in Nude: Salvation
 Special Grand Prize: Hiroki Matsukata

Best 10
 13 Assassins
 Confessions
 Villain
 Sawako Decides
 Kondo wa Aisaika
 Sword of Desperation
 Kokō no Mesu
 A Night in Nude: Salvation
 Permanent Nobara
 Time Traveller: The Girl Who Leapt Through Time
runner-up: Haru's Journey

References

Yokohama Film Festival
Yokohama Film Festival
Yokohama Film Festival
2011 in Japanese cinema


title: Vera Cruz, Missouri

text:
Vera Cruz is an unincorporated community in central Douglas County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Bryant Creek, approximately  east of Ava, at the terminus of Route AB.

History
Vera Cruz was established in the 1840s and named for Vera Cruz in Mexico. The village was originally called Red Bud and was at the junction of the Rockbridge–Hartville road, up Bryant valley with the Old Salt Road or Rockbridge Road, which ran northwest through Smallett to Springfield. The name was changed to Vera Cruz in 1859. It was the first county seat of Douglas County. In 1870, the county seat was moved to Arno and shortly after to Ava.

The Civil War battle Battle of Clark's Mill on November 7, 1862, took place at a mill on Bryant Creek, approximately  north of the current location. A second battle occurred on November 3, 1864, near Wilson's Mill, during which the Confederate forces were driven out of the area.

Gallery

References

Unincorporated communities in Douglas County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri


title: C–H···O interaction

text:
In chemistry, a C–H···O interaction is occasionally described as a special type of weak hydrogen bond. These interactions frequently  occur in the structures of important biomolecules like amino acids, proteins, sugars, DNA and RNA.

History

The C–H···O interaction was discovered in 1937 by Samuel Glasstone. Glasstone studied properties of mixtures of acetone with different halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons and realized that dipole moments of these mixtures differ from dipole moments of pure substances. He explained this by establishing the concept of C–H···O interactions. The first crystallographic analysis of C-H ⋯O hydrogen bonds were published by June Sutor in 1962.

Properties
Similar to hydrogen bonds, a C–H···O interaction involves interactions of dipoles and therefore has directionality. The directionality of a C–H···O interaction is usually defined by the angle α between the С, Н and О atoms, and the distance d between the O and C atoms. In a С–Н···О interaction, the angle α is in the range between 90 and 180°, and the distance d is usually smaller than 3.2 Å. Bond strength is less than 1 kcal/mol. In the case of aromatic C–H donors, C–H···O interactions are not linear due to influence of aromatic ring substituents near the interacting C-H group. If aromatic molecules involved in С–Н···О interaction belong to the group of  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the strength of C–H···O interactions increases with the number of aromatic rings.

C–H···O interactions can be important in drug design, being present in structures of therapeutic proteins, and nucleic acids.

O-H···C and N-H···C type interactions could also play a significant role and were first analyzed in 1993.

References

Organic chemistry


title: Triteleia lemmoniae

text:
Triteleia lemmoniae, common names Oak Creek triteleia, Lemmon's star or Oak Creek triplet lily,  is a plant species now classed in the family Asparagaceae, although older classifications would have regarded it part of the Liliaceae.

Triteleia lemmoniae is endemic to Arizona, the only member of the genus native to the state. It is an herb up to  tall, with bright yellow or orange flowers.

The species is named for Sara Plummer Lemmon (1836–1923), a well-known American botanist. She and her husband, John Gill (J.G.) Lemmon, lived and worked in Oakland, California but did extensive botanical explorations in Arizona. Several species bear the epithet "lemmonii" in his honor; Triteleia lemmoniae and Mount Lemmon in Arizona were named in hers.

References

External links
Southwest Environmental Information Network, Triteleia lemmoniae
Arizona Wild Flowers Pictures, Photos, Images Descriptions, Information, Reviews. Lemmon's Star, Triteleia lemmonae

lemmoniae
Flora of Arizona
Endemic flora of the United States
Plants described in 1885
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Smith's frog

text:
Smith's frog may refer to:

 Smith's litter frog, a frog found in Southeast Asia
 Smith's wrinkled frog, a frog found in Thailand and possibly Myanmar

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres

text:
The women's 1500 metres event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 21 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

Results

References

1500
1998
1998 in women's athletics


title: Lake Monongahela

text:
Lake Monongahela was a proglacial lake in western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio.  It formed during the Pre-Illinoian ice epoch when the retreat of the ice sheet northwards blocked the drainage of these valleys to the north.  The lake formed south of the ice front continued to rise until it was able to breach a low divide near New Martinsville, West Virginia.  The overflow was the beginning of the process which created the modern Ohio River valley.

Preglacial drainage
The Monongahela flowed north from Lewis County to Pittsburgh.  Here, the Lower Allegheny joined and they continued westward in the Ohio River valley to Beaver, Pennsylvania.  At Beaver, the predecessor of the upper Ohio River joined and together the water flowed northwest, up the Beaver River into Ohio.  Using a combination of waterways it crossed the divide into the Lake Erie basin to join the ancestral St. Lawrence River through Canada.
The “Upper Allegheny” River began in McKean County, south of Bradford flowing north into New York.  Possibly following Conawango Creek to the Lake Erie basin to join the ancestral St. Lawrence River through Canada.
The “Middle Allegheny” River began in Warren County, east of Warren.  Following the modern Allegheny River valley, south to Franklin, Venango County it turned to the northwest into the valley of French Creek.  Crossing the divide outside of Erie into the Lake Erie Basin, where it joins ancestral St. Lawrence River through Canada.
The “Lower Allegheny” River originated in the Clarion River valleys in Elk, Forest, and Jefferson Counties.  Following the Clarion River, it flowed southward to join the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh.
The “Ohio River” was a tributary of the Monongahela River, joining the Monongahela at Beaver.

The preglacial Monongahela River drained three fourths of combined drainage of the modern Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny Rivers.

Lake Monongahela
Around 900,000 years before present (YBP) the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached southward into western Pennsylvania, blocking the preexisting drainage that flowed northward. The ice dammed these rivers, creating large lakes, forcing the water to find a new drainage pattern, which exists to the present. On the upper Ohio, Monongahela and the Allegheny Rivers this impounded water has become known as Lake Monongahela.  The ancestral Monongahela River, referred to as the Pittsburgh River, had flowed northwards from West Virginia, past Pittsburgh, into the Lake Erie basin and out the St. Lawrence River to the ocean. The lake began when the ice dammed the valley near Pittsburgh.
The lake changed sizes as the ice front moved and as the volume of water changed.  At its largest, it rose to  above sea level. Eventually the water found a low divide near New Martinsville, West Virginia, creating an outlet to the south and west into the Teays River.  Thus, the upper Ohio network of river valleys came into form.

Once Lake Monongahela formed, the water drowned the existing landforms. The lake did not erode the topography—it simply covered the land with water and lacustrine sediment. The sediment settled on both topographic highs and lows beneath the surface of the lake. Drowned terraces and abandoned meander channels, as well as low hills, slopes, and valley bottoms, received this covering of sediment. As such, sediments found on different terraces can actually be the same age.
Marine (1997) found five terrace levels along the rivers, but he had to conclude that the lake deposits found on them resulted from only two episodes of glacial damming. Deposits on the fifth and fourth terrace levels represent damming during a pre-Illinoian glaciation, whereas the third- and second-terrace-level deposits represent damming during Illinoian glaciation. The first terrace (the modern floodplain) consists simply of Wisconsinan outwash and Holocene alluvial deposits, which fill river valleys that had been cut to bedrock by the end of Illinoian time.

I. C. White, the first director of the West Virginia Geological Survey, named this body of water Lake Monongahela (White, 1896). It resembled a man-made lake more than a natural lake. The river system was blocked and the water backed into all the side valleys.  This happened at least twice.  Each lake left evidence at a different elevation (White, 1896; Leverett, 1934) throughout the valley.
As the water rose, it reached the divides of the side valley, until it finally escaped over the divide of the ancestral Ohio River, carving the notch lower.  Once flowing over the divide, the water followed the front of the ice sheet, creating the Ohio River. The three Allegheny Rivers shown above merged into one, which joined the Monongahela at Pittsburgh.  The newly combined waters moved down the Ohio and then up the ancestral tributary of the Ohio until it flowed over the divide at New Martinsville.  The Ohio replaced the Monongahela as the dominant stream.

Terraces

The lake's age has been determined by the lake sediments and terrace deposits. The sediments reveal a change in the magnetic polarity during the life of the lake, with the oldest deposits being between 730,000 and 900,000 years ago. Other terrace deposits show later periods of ponding.
Pollen from a pine-spruce forest dominate the oldest sediments. This reflects a climate which would have been created by the proximity of the ice sheet. Younger sediments contain pollen and plant fossils of a hemlock-hardwoods association, reflecting the moderating climate as the ice sheets retreated northward.

White (1896) and Marine (1997) described five terraces that occur along or near the valley walls of the Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny Rivers and their major tributaries in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. These relatively flat landforms contain soils composed of highly weathered deposits of clay, silt, sand, and gravel distributed at elevations as high as  above present stream levels. These sediments are lacustrine, or lake-derived, deposition.
Campbell (1902) named the Carmichaels Formation are lacustrine sediments exposed at Carmichaels in Greene County, Pa. These deposits are found throughout southwestern Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia. They typically contain reddish-orange to tan clays, silts, and sands. They can contain cobbles and boulders from the local bedrock (Donahue and Kirchner, 1998). The clays are of high quality and were the source for the early pottery industry in the Pittsburgh area. Carmichaels Formation deposits occur on the upper two terrace levels in all the river valleys or on the lower terraces in the  Monongahela Valley and in the valleys of the eastern tributaries of the Allegheny River.
The other outwash deposits on the Allegheny, Ohio, and Beaver River terraces have no names. These deposits are typically red rust-colored, deeply weathered gravels composed of small, rounded pebbles generally less than  in diameter. Up to 10% of the pebbles are granites and other crystalline rocks. Some are cemented to form sandstones and other conglomerates.  Others are loose assortments of silt, sand, and gravel. These outwash deposits occur on several terrace levels.

See also
 Lake Tight

References

Campbell (1902) named the Carmichaels Formation for lacustrine sediments exposed at Carmichaels in Greene County, Pa. Carmichaels Formation terrace deposits occur throughout southwestern
Hickock, W. O., IV, and Moyer, F. T., 1940, Geology and mineral resources of Fayette County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., County Report 26, 530 p.
Jacobson, R. B., Elston, D. P., and Heaton, J. W., 1988, Stratigraphy and magnetic polarity of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio and Monongahela Rivers in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio: Quaternary Research, v. 29, p. 216–232.
Lessig, H. D., 1961, Soils of the high terrace remnants in the upper Ohio Valley: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 61, p. 286–294.
Leverett, Frank, 1934, Glacial deposits outside the Wisconsin terminal moraine in Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., General Geology Report 7, 123 p.
Marine, J. T., 1997, Terrace deposits associated with ancient Lake Monongahela in the lower Allegheny drainage, western Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh, M.S. thesis, 182 p.
Wagner, W. R., Craft, J. L., Heyman, Louis, and Harper, J. A., comps., 1975, Greater Pittsburgh region geologic map and cross sections: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Map 42, scale 1:250,000, 4 sheets.
Wagner, W. R., Heyman, Louis, Gray, R. E., and others, 1970, Geology of the Pittsburgh area: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., General Geology Report 59, p. 90.
White, G. W., Totten, S. M., and Gross, D. L., 1969, Pleistocene stratigraphy of northwestern Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., General Geology Report 55, 88 p.
White, I. C., 1896, Origin of the high terrace deposits of the Monongahela River: American Geologist, v. 18, p. 368–379.

Former lakes of the United States
Geology of West Virginia
Geology of Ohio
Geology of Pennsylvania
Glacial lakes of the United States


title: Helen Heslop

text:
Helen Elisabeth Heslop is a physician-scientist from New Zealand whose clinical interests are in hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Heslop’s research focuses on immunotherapy to treat viral infections, post transplant and hematologic malignancies. She is a professor in the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine and the director of the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital. She is also the Dan L. Duncan Chair and the associate director of clinical research at the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center.

Heslop was a co-editor of the sixth edition of Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, which is widely considered one of the best available hematology textbooks.

Education
Heslop, daughter of surgeon John Herbert Heslop and immunologist Barbara Farnsworth Heslop, was raised in New Zealand. She was educated at Kaikorai Valley High School in Dunedin, before attending the University of Otago, from where she graduated MB ChB in 1980. She was a fellow in the Department of Haematology at Royal Free Hospital in London, England, where she conducted research into transplantation immunology, leading to the award of MD from Otago in 1990. She completed a postdoctoral research fellowship at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.

Heslop's first faculty appointment was as Assistant Member of the Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Department of Hematology-Oncology at the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. She became an Associate Member in 1994. She also held an appointment as Associate Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Tennessee in Memphis. Heslop joined the faculty at Baylor College of Medicine in 1997 and in 2006 was named the first Dan L. Duncan Chair for Baylor College of Medicine.

Research
With Cliona Rooney, Heslop was the first to demonstrate that antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells could be used to eradicate an established malignancy. In the early 1990s, Heslop and Rooney developed methods for early diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative disease. The disease is a complication that occurred in about 15 percent of unrelated or mismatched family member bone marrow transplants at that time. The doctors generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the bone marrow donors. Their therapeutic approach to Epstein–Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative disease has since been extended to Hodgkin disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. Heslop also studies the use of third-party cytotoxic T cells to treat viral infections after transplant.

Together with other Center for Cell and Gene Therapy doctors, Heslop runs over 20 clinical trials of antigen specific and genetically modified T cells. She has extensive experience in developing and conducting transplant and cell and gene therapy studies.

Heslop directs a Lymphoma SPORE program, a program project grant from the NCI, and a Specialized Center of Research from the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. She is the current President of the Foundation for Accreditation of Cell Therapy and a past President of the American Society of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation.

In 2013, she was conferred with an honorary DSc by the University of Otago.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
New Zealand biologists
Women biologists
Cell biologists
Baylor College of Medicine faculty
University of Otago alumni
People educated at Kaikorai Valley College
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


title: 1790 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1790 State of the Union Address was the inaugural State of the Union address delivered by President George Washington to the United States Congress on January 8, 1790, at the Senate Chamber of Federal Hall in New York City.

In this first address, Washington set the example for what would be expected of presidents after him. Even at the time, issues such as his choice of clothing, who stood beside him, and the delivery of his message were discussed. It remains the shortest State of the Union Address, containing only 1,089 words.

Speech
In his speech, Washington explained some of the challenges that America would face, and he addressed what he expected for the future.

Washington began his address by congratulating Congress for the accession of North Carolina and highlighting the country's progress: "Plenty, with which we are blessed, are circumstances auspicious in an eminent degree to our national prosperity." While Washington celebrated with the people, he also cautioned them about the work required to secure America's future. He emphasized, "To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace,"  and called upon his country to create a sufficient army and gather the necessary resources for its maintenance. In his speech, Washington addressed the formation of the army, as well as its funding, supplies, and structure, ensuring that the matter was promptly addressed.

Washington believed that foreign policy should be handled by the President, and he made a promise to fulfill his "duty in that respect in the manner which circumstances may render most public good."  Additionally, he addressed the necessity of establishing a naturalization process for immigrants that would showcase their value to the new country. Moreover, Washington urged natural-born citizens to actively participate in the growth and progress of their nation.

Washington then transitioned from addressing official needs to focusing on citizens' everyday lives. The speech highlighted the significance of agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, science, and literature. He emphasized the importance of they knowledge, enabling people to "know and to value their own rights; to discern and provide against invasions of them, etc.". Lastly, he reminded the Senate and the House of Representatives of their duty to the country and stressed the necessity for cooperation to uphold a functioning republic.

Congressional response
In response to the portion of Washington's speech calling for "the promotion of 'science and literature,'" Congress began drafting the Patent Act of 1790 and the Copyright Act of 1790. However, Washington's further suggestion that the United States establish a national university was questioned in the House of Representatives. Representative Michael Jenifer Stone was concerned that this would be unconstitutional because there was no authorization for Congress to find such a business, and a national university was never established.

References

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of George Washington
Speeches by George Washington
1st United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address


title: WVDM

text:
WVDM may refer to:

 WVDM-LD, a low-power television station (channel 21, virtual 40) licensed to serve Quincy, Illinois, United States
 WVBL (FM), a radio station (88.5 FM) licensed to serve Bluefield, West Virginia, United States


title: Cat Creek Oil Field

text:
The Cat Creek Oil Field is located near the community of Cat Creek in Petroleum and Garfield counties in the U.S. state of Montana. The geological terminology used by Bowen, the geologist, to define the geological structure of Cat Creek in 1914 was Cat Creek Anticline. Peak of production recorded in 1922, with 11 wells drilling was 3 million barrels of oil.

History
Cat Creek obtains its name from an "early cowboy who reportedly roped a mountain lion along the creek that flows into the Musselshell River." Oil was discovered at Cat Creek to the northwest of Mosby in 1919.

The  geologist defined the boundary of the many anticlines that extended from Judith Mountains to the east and the Porcupine Dome. This area now encompasses Box Elder, Kootenai, Brush Creek and Oiltans. In the geological map that he prepared for the area, sandstone formation was depicted in the shape of a "V". The outcrop aligned in an eastern direction extended in to the town. In subsequent detailed study of the area carried out in 1919 and 1920, the outcrop was narrowed down to a confined area and also mapped by Charles T. Lupton of Denver, Colorado, Wallace Lee and L.R. Van Burg. This formed the basis for all future work.

Petroleum find from the area was visualized and Lupton established the Frantz Corporation and obtained lease rights for the entire stretch of the anticline which he and his associates had mapped. Events of petroleum extraction in the nearby areas (such as Black oil in the Devil's Basin) strengthened their resolve to proceed further with drilling operations in the area of the anticline, now known as Mosby Dome. On 18 February  1920 at the southeast corner of the county, the first drill test at Cat Creek was carried out. The discovery well was drilled by the Frantz Oil Corp but the success of oil find was limited in this first effort. In the second effort undertaken at West Dome, initial yield was 350 barrels daily up to August 1920. Then the drill hole was cleaned up which resulted in increased oil production of 2000 barrels per day. Encouraged by this success 300 more drill holes were done in the next 6 years.

Apart from the anticline, the first Cat Creek Sand area also produced substantial oil from 131 wells. This first oil field was called the "First Cat Creek sand" and it produced the majority of the oil at the site, and was the largest with an average of . This was followed by exploration in second Sand Creek Area which produced oil from 60 wells. The fracture shale zone and the silty sandstone (above the Kootenai) were also exploited. However, the overall picture was a record maximum production from the West Dome Area.

A pipeline was constructed from Cat Creek Oil Field and became a major source of employment in a sparsely populated county. Petroleum found in the Cat Creek was of high grade. Cat Creek Oil Field reached its peak of production in 1922, with 11 wells drilling 3 million barrels of oil.

In the 1930s, the Continental Oil Company (CONOCO) had assumed control of the oil fields, and the industry thrived in the 1940s in particular once again. A pilot water-flood project occurred at West dome in 1957. A third field is known as the East Dome.  The sandstone at the third field at Cat Creek was known by the drillers as the "Third Cat Creek sand". By the early 1960s activity at Cat Creek had declined.

As a result of the discovery of the Cat Creek Oil Field, the Montana state government established Petroleum County in 1925, splitting it from Fergus County with Winnett as its capital. It was named after the emerging petroleum industry of Cat Creek.

Location
There are two major areas in the oil fields:
Mosby Dome Cat Creek Oil Field:
West Dome Cat Creek Oil Field:

See also
 List of oil fields of Montana

References

Bibliography

Oil fields in Montana
Petroleum County, Montana
Garfield County, Montana


title: Gunsmoke (season 18)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 18 aired in the United States on September 11, 1972, and the final episode aired on March 5, 1973.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 18 of Gunsmoke was the seventh season of color episodes.  Previous seasons were filmed in black-and-white.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with deputy Festus Haggen (Ken Curtis); Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and deputy Newly O'Brien (Buck Taylor).

Cast and characters

Main

 James Arness as Matt Dillon
 Ken Curtis as Festus
 Milburn Stone as Doc
 Amanda Blake as Kitty
 Buck Taylor as Newly

Production

Season 18 consisted of 24 one-hour color episodes produced by executive producer John Mantley along with producer Leonard Katzman an associate producer Ron Honthaner.

Occasionally, titles were reused from previous seasons.  This season included three such episodes: episode 12, "The Brothers (formerly 'Incident at Sayville Junction')", which was also a title used in season 11; episode 16, "Homecoming", which was also a title used in season 9, episode 34; and episode 22, "Jesse", which was a title used in season 3, episode 6.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season eighteen aired Mondays at 8:00-9:00 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The eighteenth season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment on February 4, 2020.

Reception
Gunsmoke season 18 reached #8 in the Nielsen ratings.

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 18}}
 Gunsmoke season 18 at TV Guide''

Gunsmoke seasons


title: Dwarf frog

text:
Dwarf frog may refer to:

 African dwarf frog (Hymenochirus), a genus of frogs native to Africa
 Beddome's dwarf wrinkled frog (Nyctibatrachus beddomii), a frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to southern Western Ghats, India
 Colorado dwarf frog (Engystomops coloradorum), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae endemic to Ecuador
 Cuyaba dwarf frog (Physalaemus nattereri), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae native to Brazil and eastern Bolivia and Paraguay
 Dwarf puddle frog (Phrynobatrachus), a genus of frogs in the family Phrynobatrachidae found in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Dwarf reed frog (Hyperolius pusillus), a frog in the family Hyperoliidae found in eastern and southern Africa (Botswana, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe)
 Dwarf rocket frog (Litoria dorsalis), is a frog in the family Hylidae found in Papua New Guinea and possibly Indonesia
 Dwarf swamp frog (Pseudopaludicola), a genus of frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in South America
 Golden dwarf reed frog (Afrixalus aureus), a frog in the family Hyperoliidae found in Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa, and possibly Zimbabwe
 Guayaquil dwarf frog (Engystomops pustulatus), a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru
 Merlin's dwarf gray frog (Pseudhymenochirus merlini), a frog in the family Pipidae found in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone
 Mjöberg's dwarf litter frog (Leptobrachella mjobergi), a frog in the family Megophryidae endemic to Borneo
 Peters' dwarf frog (Engystomops petersi), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Sir Henry Cecil Stakes

text:
|}

The Sir Henry Cecil Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old horses. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

History
The race was first run in 2007 as the Xplor Conditions Stakes.  It was renamed the Stubbs Stakes and upgraded to Listed status in 2013. In 2014 it was renamed in memory of Sir Henry Cecil, who died in 2013 and was British flat racing Champion Trainer 10 times. Amongst the prizes for the first running under the new name was a rose from Cecil's garden at his Warren Place stables. It is held on the opening day of Newmarket's three-day July Festival meeting.

Winners

See also
 Horse racing in Great Britain
 List of British flat horse races

References

 Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , ,

Flat races in Great Britain
Newmarket Racecourse
Flat horse races for three-year-olds
Recurring sporting events established in 2007
2007 establishments in England