title: John Riddy

text:
John Riddy (born 1959) is a British photographer who came to the fore after his solo exhibition at Camden Arts Centre in 2000. He lives and works in London and has exhibited internationally since 1998.

Life and career

Riddy started taking and printing photographs at the age of 14 and earned a BA and MA in Fine Art at Chelsea School of Art (1980–84).
Since his first solo exhibition in 1993 Riddy has consistently worked in series, with an emphasis on considered description. Architecture, the particularities of place and the urban environment have been constant subjects, whilst the starting point for many of his series has been the relationship between photography and the history of art and architecture. Typical examples are the autobiography of John Ruskin, the woodblock prints of Hokusai  and the photographs of Gustave le Gray. Choices about format, materials and technique have been intrinsic to each series and Riddy’s focus has been on the exhibited print.

Exhibitions

In 1993 Riddy had his first solo exhibition with the Cairn Gallery. Shortly afterwards he started working with Frith Street Gallery who continue to represent him. His first survey exhibition was at Camden Arts Centre in 2000  and he showed his series Views from Shin-Fuji at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2006. He has exhibited regularly with Galerie Paul Andriesse in the Netherlands  and Lawrence Markey in the USA.
His exhibition Palermo at Frith Street gallery in 2013 was reviewed by theguardian.com and Aesthetica Magazine. Aesthetica described the photographs as "anything but spontaneous. Physical decay of the urban landscape is juxtaposed with a remarkable formal beauty just as, in a more conceptual sense, time and timelessness contend with each other in these works". Adrian Searle commented "If his photographs have anything to do with Cartier-Bresson's "decisive moment", it is a moment that has taken months and several visits to present itself. It is the moment when everything seems alive but precisely nothing is happening.".

Solo exhibitions

Riddy's solo exhibitions include Photographs, De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art, Tilburg, Half-light, Frith Street Gallery, London, 2018, Palermo, Frith Street Gallery, London, 2013, Low Relief - Photographs of London, Frith Street Gallery, London, 2009, Views from Shin-Fuji, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2006, John Riddy, Camden Arts Centre, 2000,John Riddy, De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill-on-Sea, 2000 and Praeterita, touring exhibition, Ruskin Gallery, Sheffield, Brantwood, Coniston, Ruskin Library, Lancaster, 2000.

Group exhibitions
Recent group exhibitions featuring Riddy's work include Beyond Documentary, Museum of London, London (2018), Summer Breeze: An Ensemble of Gallery Artists, Frith Street Gallery, London (2017), A Certain Kind of Light, Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne (2017), Selected Works (Riddy, Frecon, Bishop and Zurier), Lawrence Markey, San Antonio, TX (2015) 40 Years – 40 Artists, UMCA University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA (2015), Ruin Lust, Tate Britain, London (2014), Silver, Frith Street Gallery, London (2014), Revealed: Government Art Collection, Whitechapel Gallery, London (2011) and Romantics, Tate Britain, London (2010), among others.

Collections

Southampton City Art Gallery, Hampshire
Tate, London
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art, Tilburg
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
Arts Council of Great Britain, London
British Council Collection
Government Art Collection UK
Museum of London
Margulies Collection
BBC Collection, London
Hiscox Collection
Goldman Sachs International

Publications

John Riddy: Photographs (2019), essay by Michael Fried and conversation with James Welling, edited by Liz Jobey, Göttingen: Steidl,
John Riddy: Views from Shin-Fuji (2013), published by Frith Street Books, London
John Riddy: Palermo (2013), published by Frith Street Books, London
John Riddy – 8 Skies (2004), published by Frith Street Gallery and Paul Andriesse
John Riddy (2000), published by Camden Arts Centre in association with the de la Warr Pavilion
John Riddy: Praeterita (2000), published by the Ruskin School of Drawing
Rome, published by Lawrence Markey Gallery, New York, 1999

Other critical writings

John Riddy: Palermo, London | Aesthetica Magazine
James Castle/ John Riddy | Frieze
John Riddy: Photographs, De Pont | nrc.nl (dutch)
Rachel Withers, Art Forum, June 2009
Rebecca Geldard, Time Out Exhibition of the Week, March 2009

References

External links
Official website
John Riddy | TateShots
John Riddy's London | TateShots
John Riddy: Frith Street Gallery

1959 births
Living people
Photographers from London
Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts


title: Mamuka Kikalishvili

text:
Mamuka Kikalishvili (born November 15, 1971) is a Georgian fashion photographer.
His works has been featured in magazines such as L'Officiel (Az), Harper's Bazaar (Ru), Boutique (Az), Nargis (Az), etc.
Since August 2013 he became head photographer of L'Officiel (Az).

He is also the owner of fashion house "Atelier Kikala". Mamuka Kikalishvili is represented by the VR Fashion Management.

Early life

Kikalishvili was born on November 15, 1971, in Tbilisi.
Since his childhood, which he spent in Tbilisi, he was having fun in his basement lab, developing and printing photos from his first film camera, photography became his favorite hobby.
Kikalishvili studied on Faculty of Power Engineering and Telecommunications at Georgian Technical University. He graduated in 2000 and became the Doktor nauk of Engineering Sciences.

Career

Kikalishvili has an invitations from a variety of well-known magazines: Photo Vogue Italia, L'Officiel (Az), Harper's Bazaar (Ru), etc. He filmed such celebrities as Milla Jovovich, Nina Ananiashvili etc.
He always dreamt about his own studio. He started readjusted his basement as studio. He went to Germany and purchased his first studio equipment. After visiting Germany, he opened a studio and named it under his nickname – Kikala Studio. He established Kikala Studio, in 2006. One year later it became the most successful studio in Caucasus region. After his first works (Virgin suicide, Les Fleurs Du Mal, Butoh Garden), not only photos were liked by people on the Internet and forums, but the clothes also. Then he came to conclusion, to found fashion house. In September 2012 he founded a fashion house – ”Atelier Kikala”.Creative director in Atelier Kikala is Lado Bokuchava.
Kikalishvili has become one of the photographers- contributors in Art+Commerce.

Personal life

Mamuka Kikalishvili is married to Natalia Kikalishvili. They have, three children: daughter Nino Kikalishvili, son Lado Kikalishvili and daughter Kesaria Kikalishvili.

References

Fashion photographers
Living people
1971 births


title: Polamuru, West Godavari district

text:
Polamuru is a village in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Demographics

 Census of India, Polamuru had a population of 6170. The total population constitute, 3118 males and 3052 females with a sex ratio of 979 females per 1000 males. 561 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 759 The average literacy rate stands at 76.48%.

References

Villages in West Godavari district


title: Iglesia de Santa Bárbara (Santa Rosalía)

text:
Iglesia de Santa Bárbara is a prefabricated iron church in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, Mexico. It is said to be designed by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel in 1884, and built in 1887. First shown at the 1889 Exposition Universelle of Paris, France, it was moved to Brussels, where it was acquired by the Boleo Mining Company who installed it in Santa Rosalia in late 1897.

Architecture

It was built entirely of stamped steel sheet squares, and is supported by a formidable steel structure in a sober and austere style. It was later modified in favor of functionality, its former lateral corridors were turned into habitable space using crude masonry, and the building was stripped of several of its original stained glasses. Despite these modifications, it still preserves some of the original 1880s design.

History

Tradition credited its design is due to the architect, Eiffel, that it was shown in the 1889 Exposition Universelle, and that it was awarded a prize. It was destined for re-construction in Africa, but was found disassembled in Belgium by Charles Laforgue, the director of the Compagnie du Boleo at Santa Rosalía's Boleo mine, who bought it in 1894 and had it installed in Santa Rosalía three years later.

In the early 1990s American architectural student Angela Gardner visited Santa Rosalía and examined the church. She formed a hypothesis that the church design was from the French architect Bibiano Duclos (1853–1925) rather than Eiffel's firm. with no historical record or blueprint, neither version is confirmed. The disclosure of the historical archives to the public by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia did not provide additional information. In France, with no evidence, searchers write Santa Barbara is a realization by Duclos.

See also
 Tin tabernacle

References

External links

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1889
Buildings and structures in Baja California Sur
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Mexico
Relocated buildings and structures in Mexico
Churches completed in 1889
1889 establishments in France
Iron and steel buildings
World's fair architecture in North America
Gustave Eiffel's designs
Exposition Universelle (1889)


title: Emily Grove (singer)

text:
Emily Grove (born August 1, 1991) is a singer-songwriter and musician from Wall, New Jersey. Her sound has been described as alternative folk. Emily Grove is active in the Asbury Park music scene in Monmouth County, New Jersey. Emily Grove was the recipient of the 2011 and 2012 Asbury Music Awards for Best Female Acoustic Act, and 2011 and 2012 Jersey Acoustic Music Awards for Top Female Vocalist and Top Female Songwriter. She has played with and opened for Glen Burtnik, Willie Nile, Ari Hest, Rhett Miller (Old 97s), Marshall Crenshaw, Dan Reed Network, and John Lefler (Dashboard Confessional). Grove has toured the UK and US opening for and playing with David Ford. Grove also performs in venues ranging from well known New Jersey music venues such as The Saint and the Stone Pony through music venues in New York City and Boston.

Grove's style has been described as blending the 1970s sounds of Carole King with the "orchestrated texture of The Band" and the John Prine. Her songs have been described as including elements of country and rock and roll blended with poetry. Regarding musical influences, Grove says that her parents listened to Johnny Cash, watched the country music stations, and listened to Americana music. Her mother loved Paul Simon, and she was named Emily named after the song "For Emily Whenever I May Find Her." Her father enjoyed the Rolling Stones and The Beatles. She was born on Jerry Garcia's birthday, which brought attention to the music of the Grateful Dead.

Personal life
 Groves, the daughter of an accountant and an electrician, grew up and still resides in Wall, New Jersey. She attended a Catholic grammar school She reports being shy as a child. She describes her neighborhood as close, so that everyone knew each other, and was respectful. She says that she formed great friendships there. Early on, her mother noticed that she like to sing and encouraged her to learn to play an instrument. She initially chose to learn the saxophone because she wanted to be like Lisa Simpson, but her mother suggested she try a different instrument. She chose the guitar next, because her coach suggested that she could then accompany herself and make a living. Groves continued to take lessons, and eventually was accepted into Berklee College of Music. Grove completed two years at Berklee before deciding to test her skills in the East Coast music scene.

Discography
Her album, "Way Across the Sea" was produced by Jack Daley (Lenny Kravitz). The title track, "Way Across The Sea," describes her crush on an unnamed rock and roll star. "Falling" is described as reminiscent of the styles of Carly Simon and Carole King. "Today" was inspired by a particularly long Sopranos marathon. "Flea," the first song Grove ever wrote, is a folk song based on a poem by John Donne, and is consistent with the style of artists like Jane Wiedlin and Alanis Morissette. The album ends with, "Procrastination," done in the style of Natalie Merchant.

Her second album, released in 2014, "Life of a Commoner", was produced by Jason Rubal of Seventh Wave Studio (Amanda Palmer). Her vocals on "Spider" has been compared to the vocals of both Annie Haslam and Dolores O'Riordan. "Scream" combines a Nicole Atkins sound with R.E.M. energy. "The Call" tells a Janis Ian-like story. "Johnny Lee" is done in the style of a Celtic love song.

Performances
In addition to the venues mentioned above, Grove has performed in the WBJB Songwriters in the Park and Songwriters at the Beach Concert Series. Recording are available through the station's web site. She also appeared on the Today Show with David Gray on June 12, 2014.

References

1991 births
Living people
American alternative country singers
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
Guitarists from New Jersey
People from Wall Township, New Jersey
21st-century American women singers
Country musicians from New Jersey
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American singer-songwriters


title: Klintholm Manor

text:
Klintholm is an estate near Mons Klint on the Danish island of Møn. Originally owned by the Crown, since 1798 the estate has belonged to the Scavenius family. In 1838, a three-winged stone complex was built by G.F. Hetsch in the Neoclassical style and in 1875, a new manor house designed by August Klein in the Renaissance Revival style was completed but it was demolished in 2000.

History

17th century
In the middle of the 18th century, the area was part of the Crown estate of Højemøn. The crown land on Møn was in 1769 divided into five estates and sold in public auction. Estate No. 5 was sold to Hans Tersling from Falster for 50,000 rigsdaler.

In 1774, Tersling sold the estate to Ditlev Staal, a merchant from Stubbejøbing, for 42,358 rigsdaler. He also purchased Pølsegården, a farm that Tersling had failed to acquire, where he most likely resided until the buildings on the Klintholm estate had been completed. In 1779, he started out by constructed stables, a dairy, a barn a grainery and a house for the manager (forvalterbolig). In 1788, he was able to move into the new main building. The dairy was  long and  wide. It was around this period that the name Klintholm appeared for the first time. Until then, the estate had been known as Klintegodset (the cliff estate). Staal maintained ownership for only 10 years until his death in 1797.

Jacob nad Kathrine Brønnum Scavenius
In June 1798, Staal's widow sold Klintholm to Jacob Brønnum Scavenius for 102,000 rigsdaler. Scacenius was already the owner of Gjorslev, Søholm and Erikstrup manors. He resided at Gjorslev and in an apartment in Skindergade in Copenhagen.

Jacob Scavenius purchased numerous properties in the surroundings, extending the estate to an area of some .

In 1819, all the Klintholm buildings were destroyed by fire but were quickly reconstructed by Scavenius' widow Kathrine in 1820.The new complex included a brick factory and a limestone plant.

Peder Brønnum Scavenius

On Kathrine Scavenius' deatuh in 1825, Klintholm oassed to her second eldest son Lucas Frederik Scavenius. In 1826, he sold it to his elder brother Peder Brønnum Scavenius. In 1737, he constructed a new main building as a replacement for the one that had been destroyed in 1819. In 1842, he also constructed a large new barn.

Carl Scavenius and his new main building.

On Peder Brønnum Scavenius' death in 1878, Klintholm went  Carl Scavenius while his brother Jacob received Gjorslev. Carl Scavenius and his wife Thyra Castonier made the estate their principal home in 1869 as the first owners since Staal's death in 1797.

Carl Sophus Scavenius who found the main building too small for his wife and 10 children, built a grandiose new manor in 187375. In 1878, he started the construction of Klintholm Havn which served to transport the estate's products.<The complex comprised a warehouse, an inn and a Ship chandler.

Later history
In 1945, the estate came into the hands of Carl Christian Scavenius. He managed it with great enthusiasm, acquiring Denmark's first herd of Hereford cattle. He also encouraged tourism by setting up the Møns Klint Camping and the Ålekroen, a restaurant in Klinthom Havn.

Architecture
The manor house built in 1873 was known as Kammerherreboligen. It was designed by August Klein in the so-called Rosenborg style, a Renaissance variant based on the architecture of Rosenborg Castle. With its tower, its projecting lateral wings, its mansard roof, Dutch gables, large windows and sculpted limestone decorations, the grandiose building fully reflected the Historicist trends of the times. Inside, the main entrance below the tower led into a large vaulted hall with rich stucco decorations, similar those in the other ground floor rooms with their fine parquet floors. The library was particularly impressive with its carved shelving. The decorations were the work of Adolph Hellesen (1831–1890).

Dry rot first began to appear in the building in the 1940s. After the family moved out in 1964, it spread more quickly. In 1983, many of the furnishings and artefacts were auctioned off. Judged unsafe by the authorities, the building was demolished in the spring of 2000.

List of owners
 ( -1769) Kronen
 (1769-1798) Ditlev Staal
 (1798-1820) Jacob Brønnum Scavenius
 (1820-1825) Karina Lucia Debes, gift Scavenius
 (1825-1826) Lucas Frederik Scavenius
 (1826-1868) Peder Brønnum Scavenius
 (1868-1901) Carl Sophus Scavenius
 (1901-1918) Annie Julie Emely Gustave Thyra Scavemois (mée de Castonier)
 (1918-1946) Carl Sophus Scavenius
 (1946- ) Carl Christian Brønnum Scavenius
 (2007- ) Peter Scavenius
 (2007-present) Carl Gustav Scavenius

See also
Klintholm Havn

References

Literature

External links
Klintholm Gods website in Danish

Buildings and structures completed in 1838
Manor houses in Vordingborg Municipality
Listed buildings and structures in Vordingborg Municipality
Castles in Region Zealand
Listed castles and manor houses in Denmark
Tourist attractions in Region Zealand
Buildings and structures demolished in 2000
Møn
Gustav Friedrich Hetsch buildings
Buildings and structures of the Scavenius family


title: Mark A. Kearney

text:
Mark A. Kearney (born August 5, 1962) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

Biography

Kearney received a Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude, in 1984 from Villanova University. He received a Juris Doctor in 1987 from Villanova University School of Law. From 1987 to 1988, he served as a law clerk to Vice Chancellor Maurice A. Hartnett III of the Delaware Court of Chancery. He served as an associate at the law firm of Elliott, Mannino & Flaherty, P.C., from 1988 to 1990. From 1990 to 2014, he served at the law firm of Elliott, Greenleaf & Siedzikowski, P.C., in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, serving as a shareholder from 1995 to 2014. He handled complex commercial litigation before both federal and state courts. He served as the 2009 President of the Montgomery Bar Association (Pennsylvania) as it celebrated 125 years of service and as the 2014-15 President of the Pennsylvania Bar Institute (the largest CLE provider on Pennsylvania law) as it recognized 50 years of providing continuing legal education. He was repeatedly recognized as Top 50 litigation star in Pennsylvania by Benchmark Litigation and received the honor of "Trial Lawyer of the Year" while in practice.  He is a member of the Villanova Law School's Board of Consultors.

Federal judicial service
On June 16, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Kearney to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge J. Curtis Joyner, who assumed senior status on May 1, 2013. On July 24, 2014, a hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary was held on his nomination. On September 18, 2014, his nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On December 1, 2014, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on his nomination. On December 3, 2014, the United States Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 60–36 vote. He was confirmed later that day by voice vote. He received his judicial commission on December 4, 2014.

Notable cases
On February 19, 2016, Kearney issued a ruling in which he held that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution does not protect the right of citizens to film police activity in a public area. One commentator opined this ruling is contrary to a consistent line of cases at the federal and state level. Kearney explained the governing law in the Third Circuit did not allow him - as a trial judge - to recognize this new constitutional claim in the exceptionally narrow facts presented in the case. In July 2017, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Judge Thomas L. Ambro, joined by Judge L. Felipe Restrepo and partially by Judge Richard Lowell Nygaard, reversed Kearney's judgment but granted qualified immunity to the police officers involved.

Kearney also granted injunctions prohibiting state actors from treating female low risk inmates significantly different than male low risk inmates under the Equal Protection Clause  and to stop Pennsylvania from interfering with the ongoing construction of the Scudder Falls Bridge in Bucks County under the Compact Clause.

In 2016, the court of appeals designated Kearney to hear over 70 cases in the Western District of Pennsylvania and in 2017, over 50 cases in the District of Delaware. Kearney has held businesses accountable for not being licensed to collect debt from a borrower under the Pennsylvania Consumer Credit Code and reviewed false advertisement claims against the Morgan and Morgan law firm's legal marketing strategy allegedly confusing Pennsylvanians as to who would be litigating on their behalf. He received national press complimenting his "model" handling of the antitrust case brought by Rockfon against Armstrong World Industries in the District of Delaware.

He held the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Gallagher v. Geico decision is retroactive, allowing relief to insureds denied stacking benefits in their insurance policy. He also found a Fifth Amendment right not to be forced to reveal confidential telephone passcodes for investigatory purposes.

In the wake of the #MeToo era, Kearney denied a University's motion to dismiss a male professor's erroneous outcome claims based on anti-male bias. In a physical and emotional assault lawsuit brought by a porn star, Kearney denied reality star Josh Duggar's motion to compel Danica Dillion's disclosures.

In criminal cases, Kearney dismissed an indictment against two men because the prosecutors and agents waited too long to bring them to trial even though they knew where to find them for years before unsealing the indictment.

In April and July 2020, Kearney found a hotel franchisor could be liable for sex trafficking in its hotels and could turn and sue downstream franchisees and abusers accused of sex trafficking in company hotels in the same case.  In one of the first cases in the country, his ruling addressed respective potential liabilities of hotels, local hotel franchise owners, and traffickers under the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008.

Under the False Claims Act, Kearney held an electricians union could recover over $1,000,000 for a contractor's false billing of electricians’ work efforts on a rail project funded by the United States and later awarded approximately $1.4 million in attorney fees to the union (reducing the request) after success for over a decade of litigation.

Kearney granted an employer's motion to dismiss a claim by a former employee who also served as a U.S. Naval reservist seeking paid leave for when he left work for short voluntary military service after exploring Congress's use of  “defined benefits and seniority” guaranteed under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act.

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
21st-century American judges
Judges of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama
Villanova University alumni
Villanova University School of Law alumni


title: 1999 Brownlow Medal

text:
The 1999 Brownlow Medal was the 72nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. Shane Crawford of the Hawthorn Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-eight votes during the 1999 AFL season.

The count was notable in that it was the first time since the award's inception in 1924 that it was held outside Melbourne.

Leading vote-getters

References

Brownlow Medal
1999
Brownlow Medal


title: Mack Tuck

text:
Mack Tuck (born February 21, 1975) is a retired American basketball player and current coach born in Mineola, Texas. He was the head coach of the Japanese team Rizing Fukuoka of the bj league in 2013.

Coaching career
From 2009 till 2011 Tuck was assistant coach for the Shandong Lions of the CBA. In August 2013, the Japanese bj league team Rizing Fukuoka hired Tuck as their new head coach. In June 2017, Tuck became an assistant coach of Qingdao DoubleStar.

Head coaching record

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Rizing Fukuoka
| style="text-align:left;"|2013
| 0||0||0||||Fired |||-||-||-||
| style="text-align:center;"|-
|-

References

1975 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Bulgaria
American expatriate basketball people in China
American expatriate basketball people in Portugal
American expatriate basketball people in the Dominican Republic
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
Basketball players from Texas
Donar (basketball club) players
Central Oklahoma Bronchos men's basketball players
Cocodrilos de Caracas players
Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball players
Dutch Basketball League players
People from Mineola, Texas
Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin players
Small forwards
American men's basketball players


title: Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection

text:
Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection (BHTP) is a North American-based travel insurance company, headquartered in Stevens Point, Wisconsin.

Business lines include traditional travel insurance offerings for leisure travelers, a travel-agent errors-and-omissions insurance group, travel insurance underwriting for Managing General Agents (MGAs) and claims administration services.

BHTP’s former president and founder, John M. Noel, was also the founder of Travel Guard|Travel Guard International and the former Chairman and CEO of the Noel Group. Current president is Dean Sivley.

History
On Jan. 27, 2014, it was announced that Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance had signed an agreement with Noel Group to purchase the assets of MyAssist and Insure America. The purchase allowed BHSI to offer its customers 24-hour global personal assistance, virtual-concierge and connected-vehicle service as well as travel-industry liability insurance.

BHTP was founded in May 2014. It concentrates on travel insurance services and relies heavily on technology to pay claims through real-time trip-tracking and electronic deposits.

Products

BHTP’s product suite includes varying levels of their ExactCare plans, as well as niche travel insurance products for leisure travelers. BHTP's travel insurance plans are similar to other traditional travel insurance plans available in the U.S., but most of their plans also include additional fixed pay-out benefits designed to keep travelers continuing on their journey when common travel hassles occur.

In June 2020, Berkshire Hathaway Travel Protection (BHTP) has confirmed the introduction of ExactCare Lite, a premium robust travel policy tailored for travelers on the route. ExactCare Lite can cover non-refundable hotel bookings and attraction passes, travel damage caused by road collisions and can support families with rates available for children.

Product reception
USA Today called BHTP “an innovative new company … aiming to cover snafus not covered elsewhere, with minimal effort on the part of the insured .” Travel + Leisure said AirCare is “simple, inexpensive travel insurance that covers what’s never been covered before ,” while Condé Nast Traveler said AirCare means that “put-upon fliers can get relief without having to depend on an airline to deliver it. ”

Criticism on FlyerTalk has focused on reports of poor claims service and claims denied due to flight cancellations.

Other travel insurance products include WaveCare for leisure cruise travelers and AdrenalineCare, a niche travel insurance plan designed for travelers who engage in more extreme activities while on vacation.

References

Insurance companies of the United States
Travel insurance companies
Companies based in Wisconsin
Financial services companies established in 2014
Stevens Point, Wisconsin
2014 establishments in Wisconsin
American companies established in 2014


title: 1990 in Romania

text:
This is a list of 1990 events that occurred in Romania.

Incumbents
President: Ion Iliescu
Prime Minister: Petre Roman

Politics
1990 Romanian general election.

Events

January

 12 January – National Mourning Day in memory of the victims of the Revolution of 1989.
 20 January –  The first issue of Revista 22, published by the Group for Social Dialogue, appears in Bucharest.
 24 January – The poem "Un răsunet" written by Andrei Mureșanu (1848), on the music of Anton Pann, is selected  as the State Anthem of Romania under the name "Deșteaptă-te, române!".
 28 January – In Bucharest, in Victory Square, is held a meeting organized by PNȚCD, PNL, PSDR and other parties protesting against the decision of the FSN to participate in elections. In parallel, is conducted a counter-manifestation organized by FSN and supported by workers at IMGB, ICTB, IMMR and IIRUC.
 29 January – January 1990 Mineriad: Over 5,000 miners from the Jiu Valley arrive in the capital following calls launched in the media by President Ion Iliescu.

February

 2 February
 The Romanian Society for Philosophy is reestablished.
 Bucharest Military Court pronounces judgment in the trial of four of Ceaușescu's close collaborators – Manea Mănescu, Tudor Postelnicu, Emil Bobu, and Ion Dincă: life imprisonment and total confiscation of personal property.
 5 February – The Museum of the Romanian Peasant is founded.
 6 February – Transformation of NSFC into a political party, under the name of National Salvation Front (NSF).
 15 February – The Theater Union of Romania () is founded, with actor Ion Caramitru as president.
 28 February – February 1990 Mineriad: 4,000 miners from the Jiu Valley clash with law enforcers. Dozens of people are injured and 105 arrested.

March
 11 March – The popular demonstration in Timișoara Opera Square begins, with protesters adopting the Proclamation of Timișoara.
 15 March – Five people are killed and hundreds injured in ethnic clashes between Romanians and Hungarians in Târgu Mureș.
 21 March – Romania applies to join the Council of Europe; the request was accepted on 7 October 1993.
 26 March – The Romanian Intelligence Service is established.

April

 7 April – Ion Iliescu is elected President of the National Salvation Front.
 22 April – Golaniad: After an electoral rally of PNȚCD, some of the demonstrators barricade in the University Square, Bucharest.

May
 6 May – More than 1,200,000 people form a human chain along the Prut River, on a length of . For six hours, Romanians were allowed to cross the Prut River in the  Moldavian SSR without passports and visas.
 20 May – Are held the first free elections in Romania after the Second World War. Turnout is over 90%. Ion Iliescu is elected President in the first ballot, receiving 85% of the votes.
 24 May – The Masca Theatre is founded by actor .

June
 13 June – June 1990 Mineriad: Six people are shot dead and 746 injured after law enforcers, supported by miners, intervened in force against protesters in University Square and the civilian population.

July
 24 July – The Senate of Romania adopts a bill which establishes the national holiday of Romania on 1 December, the day when, in 1918, through the union of Transylvania with Romania, was concluded the formation process of Romanian national state.

November
 15 November – A large-scale demonstration on the occasion of three years from the anticommunist uprising of workers and residents of Brașov is held in the city. Led by members of the Association "15 November", demonstrators go through the old route of the demonstration in 1987.

Births

 January 23 – Dorin Lazăr, rugby player
 January 27
 , singer and former member of Lala Band
 Mihai Onicaș, footballer
 February 2 – Teodor Axinte, footballer
 February 9 – Alina Bercu, pianist
 February 22 – Marius Alexe, footballer
 February 27 – Constantin Drugă, footballer
 March 4 – Cristina Sandu, athlete
 March 15 – Octavian Ionescu, footballer
 March 16 – Ionuț Rada, footballer
 April 17 – Filip Lazăr, rugby player and kinesiologist
 June 1 – Bianca Perie, hammer thrower
 June 18 – Sandra Izbașa, Olympic gymnast
 August 20 – Ioan Valeriu Achiriloaie, alpine skier
 September 3 – Ovidiu Covaciu, footballer
 September 30 – Iuliana Paleu, sprint canoeist
 October 17 – Marius Copil, tennis player

Deaths

 January 31 – Alexandru Tatos, director and screenwriter (b. 1937)
 February 15 – , mathematician and corresponding member of the Romanian Academy (b. 1927)
 February 20 – Alexandru Rosetti, spiritual patron of the Romanian school of linguistics (b. 1895)
 February 23 – Florin Pucă, graphic artist, poet and actor (b. 1932)
 April 17  – Paul Dimo, engineer and member of the Romanian Academy (b. 1905)
 July 31 – Nicolae Giosan, communist dignitary, agronomist, geneticist and member of the Romanian Academy (b. 1921)
 September 15 – Constantin Dinculescu, founder of the Romanian school of power plants (b. 1898)
 September 19 – , folk music and romances singer (b. 1917)
 October 1 – , literary critic, historian, and professor (b. 1941)
 November 13 – Mircea Ionnițiu, writer
 December 20 – Valeriu Călinoiu, footballer (b. 1928)
 ? – Atanasia Ionescu, gymnast (b. 1935)

References

Years of the 20th century in Romania
1990s in Romania

Romania
Romania


title: Gracilisuchidae

text:
Gracilisuchidae is an extinct family of suchian archosaurs known from the early Middle Triassic to the early Late Triassic (Anisian – early Carnian) of China and Argentina.

Distribution
Currently, the oldest known gracilisuchid is Turfanosuchus dabanensis from the Anisian stage of Xinjiang, China. Two gracilisuchids are known from the Ladinian or early Carnian stage, Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum and Yonghesuchus sangbiensis, from La Rioja Province of Argentina, and Shanxi, respectively. These species were considered enigmatic prior to the recognition of the family in 2014, suggesting a rapid phylogenetic diversification of archosaurs by the Middle Triassic. This radiation is a part of the broader recovery of
terrestrial ecosystems after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Gracilisuchids are known from approximately similar northern and southern mid-palaeolatitudes, demonstrating a wide distribution of early archosaurs over much or all of Pangaea by the early Middle Triassic.

History
The family Gracilisuchidae first appeared in a classification scheme for all fossil
vertebrates, published by Robert L. Carroll in 1988. As no description or definition were provided by Carroll for the erection of the name, it is unavailable under Article 13.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Richard J. Butler, Corwin Sullivan, Martín D. Ezcurra, Jun Liu, Agustina Lecuona and Roland B. Sookias described and officially named the family in 2014, to include several early archosaurs, previously considered enigmatic. Apart from Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum, Carroll assigned to Gracilisuchidae the Middle Triassic Lewisuchus admixtus, which is now considered a silesaurid dinosauriform. Turfanosuchus dabanensis and Yonghesuchus sangbiensis were considered basal or stem archosaurs prior to their inclusion in the family in 2014, depending on phylogenetic hypothesis.

References

Triassic archosaurs
Middle Triassic first appearances
Late Triassic extinctions
Triassic reptiles of Asia
Triassic reptiles of South America
Prehistoric reptile families


title: Frans Sisita

text:
Frans Leonardo Sisita (born ) is a South African professional rugby union player, currently playing with the . His regular position is flanker.

Career

Youth and Varsity Shield

Sisita represented Bloemfontein-based side  at the Under-18 Academy Week tournaments in 2007 and 2008. He then played club rugby for university side , representing them in the Varsity Shield tournament from 2011 to 2014. Sisita was a regular member of the side as they won the competition three times in four seasons and winning promotion to the Varsity Cup in 2014.

Griffons and Griquas

In 2013, Sisita was included in the  squad for the 2013 Currie Cup First Division competition. He made a single appearance, playing off the bench in a 40–33 defeat against the  in Potchefstroom to make his first class debut.

In 2014, Sisita was called into the  squad during the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition during an injury crisis for the Kimberley-based outfit. He also made just one appearance for them, coming on as a late reserve against the .

Sisita returned to the  for the 2014 Currie Cup qualification campaign and started a first class match for the first time against the  in George. He was a key member of their 2014 Currie Cup First Division-winning side. He played in the final and helped the Griffons win the match 23–21 to win their first trophy for six years.

References

1990 births
Living people
People from Kagisano-Molopo Local Municipality
South African rugby union players
Rugby union flankers
Griffons (rugby union) players
Griquas (rugby union) players
Rugby union players from North West (South African province)


title: Registe

text:
Registe, also known as Women Directors, is a 2014 Italian independent film written and directed by Diana Dell'Erba.

Plot
Registe, talking on a blade is an Italian documentary about the Italian Cinema signed by women and about the pioneer of the Silent Cinema Elvira Notari (1875-1946) plays by Maria De Medeiros. The directors interviewed are the most important Italian women directors: Lina Wertmüller, Cecilia Mangini, Francesca Archibugi, Francesca Comencini, Wilma Labate, Cinzia Th Torrini, Roberta Torre, Antonietta De Lillo, Giada Colagrande, Donatella Maiorca, Ilaria Borrelli and other.

Cast

 Maria De Medeiros: Elvira Notari
 Lina Wertmüller: herself
 Cecilia Mangini: herself
 Francesca Archibugi: herself
 Francesca Comencini: herself
 Cinzia Th Torrini: herself
 Roberta Torre: herself
 Giada Colagrande: herself
 Donatella Maiorca: herself
 Gian Luigi Rondi: himself
 Anselma Dell'Olio: herself
 Silvana Silvestri: herself
 Eliana Lo Castro Napoli: herself
 Eugenio Allegri: Vincenzo Caccavone
 Gian Maria Villani: Gennariello
 Marco Sabatino: Nicola Notari
 Rebecca Volpe: Goddess Lilith
 Ilaria Borrelli: herself
 Maria Sole Tognazzi: herself
 Antonietta De Lillo: herself
 Anne Riitta Ciccone: herself
 Alina Marazzi: herself
 Donatella Baglivo: herself
 Elisa Mereghetti: herself
 Anna Negri: herself
 Nina Di Majo: herself
 Paola Randi: herself
 Susanna Nicchiarelli: herself
 Stefania Bonatelli: herself

References

External links

Italian documentary films
2014 documentary films
2014 films
Documentary films about feminism
2010s Italian films


title: Mateusz Szczurek

text:
Mateusz Szczurek (born 11 August 1975 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish economist and politician. He was the Polish Minister of Finance in the governments of successive prime ministers Donald Tusk and Ewa Kopacz from 2013 to 2015.

Education
Szczurek studied at the University of Warsaw and University of Sussex where in 1998 he obtained a master's degree, and in 2005 a PhD. He wrote his Masters thesis on "Chaos and non-linearity in Foreign Exchange Markets."

Career in the private sector
In 1997 Szczurek was an economist for ING Bank. In 2011 he became the Chief Economist of ING Group for Central Europe and Eastern Europe. He was chief (2003-2005) and co-founder Towarzystwo Absolwentów Uniwersytetów Brytyjskich (Alumni Association of British Universities). He is a member of Association of Polish Economists.

Political career
On 27 November 2013, the President of Poland appointed Szczurek as Minister of Finance.

During his time in office, Szczurek phased out Poland's flexible credit line (FCL) with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

In 2014, Szczurek called for the creation of a European Fund for Investments – a special-purpose vehicle under the umbrella of the European Investment Bank – that would be able to finance, through leveraging its own capital, 700 billion euros (US$906.4 billion) worth of investment, to revive the European economy. In 2015, he announced that Polish state development bank BGK and its investment vehicle PIR would invest up to 8 billion euros ($8.5 billion) in projects linked to the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI).

Also in 2015, Szczurek put aside funds the country’s budget for the repatriation – including housing, Polish language lessons and professional training – of tens of thousands of ethnic Poles living in Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics.

Life after politics
Since leaving office, Szczurek has been teaching public finance and international economics at University of Warsaw. He also serves as Associate Director, Lead Regional Economist in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), monitoring structural reforms and policy dialogue in Central Europe and the Baltics region.

In October 2016, Szczurek was appointed to the five-member European Fiscal Board, an independent advisory board of the European Commission on fiscal matters.

Other activities
 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2013–2015)
 European Investment Bank (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2013–2015)

Recognition
Szczurek was named European Finance Minister of the Year in January 2015 by The Banker magazine., and Finance Minister of the Year Central & Eastern Europe 2014 by Emerging Markets magazine.

Personal life
Szczurek has five children.

References

1975 births
Finance Ministers of Poland
Living people
Polish economists
Politicians from Warsaw
University of Warsaw alumni


title: Sewell Collins

text:
Sewell Thomas Collins Jr. (September 1, 1876 –  February 15, 1934) was an American dramatist, producer, and illustrator.

Biography
Collins was born in Denver, Colorado, to Sewell Thomas Collins, a banker, and Edith (Hughes) Collins. He attended the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, then Shattuck Military School, Minnesota, from which he graduated in 1893. Afterwards he was engaged as draughtsman in different positions in Chicago, and began studying at the Chicago Art Institute. During this time he was engaged during the day as a clerk, subsequently going with the Chicago Daily News as a reporter and cartoonist.  He joined the staff of the Chicago Tribune in 1893, remaining with that paper for four years as cartoonist, specializing in theatrical work. His work attracted the attention of William Randolph Hearst, who engaged him to come to New York, joining the staff of the Evening Journal. He remained in this position for one year, after which he became a freelance doing theatrical posters and general magazine work, with work appearing in periodicals such as Life and Collier's Weekly. He wrote several one-act sketches, including Awake at the Switch, Thirty Dollars, The Blue Danube, Fine Feathers, The Father, and Somebody.  His play Miss Patsy, produced by Henry W. Savage and starring Gertrude Quinlan, opened on Broadway in 1910. The same year, he went to London to write, produce, and paint, and he made portraits of many prominent actors and actresses from Europe and America.

Collins wrote several plays which were later adapted for film, including At 9:45 (1919) which was filmed as Nine Forty-Five (1934) and starred Binnie Barnes and Donald Calthrop. In his play G.H.Q. Love (1920), Collins was one of the first playwrights to depict prostitutes without judgment, depicting women who turned to that trade, according to theatre historian Sos Eltis, "as social deprivation and economic necessity." Later in life he began directing films, including The Night Porter (1930) and Bracelets (1931). His wife was the Scottish-born actress Margaret Moffat. He died aged 57 at his home in London on February 15, 1934.

References

External links

Plays by Sewell Collins on the Great War Theatre website

1876 births
1934 deaths
American dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Denver
Artists from Denver
American cartoonists
Magazine illustrators
American poster artists


title: Kamado Shrine

text:
is a Shinto shrine located in Dazaifu, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. Located at the top of Mount Hōman, which has been venerated from ancient times as a sacred mountain, the shrine is dedicated to Tamayori-bime, Emperor Ōjin, and Empress Jingū. The peripheral zone of Mount Hōman, including the shrine, is a National historic site. It was formerly an imperial shrine of the first rank (官幣社, kanpeisha) in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines.

History
The shrine was said to have been founded by Emperor Tenji when he built a castle surrounded by water and moved the authority in Dazaifu to the present-day Tofurō Ruins for defensive purposes in 664, due to his defeat in the Battle of Baekgang in August of the previous year. He dedicated the shrine to thousands of gods at Mount Hōman, which faces an unlucky direction.
It has two sanctuaries, one at the foot of the mountain and one at its peak. There used to be a third sanctuary midway up the hillside, but only its ruins remains today.
The upper sanctuary was founded in honor of Tamayori-bime appearing while the monk Shinren was performing his ascetic training in 683.
The shrine is also known for being a great place for cherry blossom viewing in the spring, and many people visit in the autumn to see the fall foliage.

Gallery

See also
Mount Hōman
List of Shinto shrines

External links

Kamado Shrine - Fukuoka Prefecture Sightseeing Information (in English)

Shinto shrines in Fukuoka Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Dazaifu, Fukuoka
Beppyo shrines
Myōjin Taisha
Kanpei Shōsha


title: Order 66/2523

text:
The Order of the Office of the Prime Minister No. 66/2523, often known simply as Order 66/2523 or Order 66/23, was a directive of the Thai government outlining key policies in the fight against the communist insurgency towards the end of the Cold War. It was issued on 23 April 1980 (BE 2523) and signed by then-Prime Minister General Prem Tinsulanonda. The order formalized a shift in policy from the hard-line military stance practised by the rightist government of Thanin Kraivixien (in power from 1976 to 1977) towards a more moderate approach which prioritized political measures over military action. It called for addressing social injustices and the promotion of political participation and democratic processes. Amnesty laws issued in accordance with the order allowed defectors to leave the insurgent movement, which, combined with a deterioration of international support, led to the fall of the Communist Party of Thailand.

References

Political history of Thailand
1980 in Thailand
Anti-communism in Thailand
Communist insurgency in Thailand


title: 1998 Brownlow Medal

text:
The 1998 Brownlow Medal was the 71st year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. Robert Harvey of the St Kilda Football Club won the medal for the second consecutive year by polling 32 votes during the 1998 AFL season.

Harvey's tally of 32 votes tied Herbie Matthews's and Des Fothergill's long-standing 1940 record for most votes in a season under the 3–2–1 voting system.

Leading vote-getters

* The player was ineligible to win the medal due to suspension by the AFL Tribunal during the year.

References

Brownlow Medal
1998
Brownlow Medal


title: The Lamb (Tavener)

text:
The Lamb is a choral work written in 1982 by British composer John Tavener (1944–2013). It is a setting of music to the William Blake poem "The Lamb" from Blake's collection of poems Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1789). It is one of Tavener's best known works. Written for unaccompanied SATB choir, the music is minimalistic and combines chromaticism with more conventional harmony.

The Lamb was premiered in Winchester Cathedral on 22 December 1982. It was also performed at the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols in Kings College Chapel, Cambridge, on Christmas Eve of the same year. This gave the piece widespread exposure, and it has since become a common part of church services, especially around Christmas. The Lamb featured in the soundtrack for Paolo Sorrentino's film The Great Beauty and has been a set work for the Edexcel A level music examination.

History
John Tavener was a composer of religious works. His early education centred around avant-garde techniques, but his musical language developed into a more minimalistic style. Tavener often composed pieces of music for family and friends, one of which was The Lamb. It was written in 1982 as a birthday present for his three-year-old nephew, Simon, without the intention of commercial success. He wrote the piece during a car journey from South Devon to London. Tavener said that the work came to him "fully grown so to speak, all I had to do was to write it down". He completed the piece within 15 minutes. The composition sets the text of William Blake's poem "The Lamb" to music for choir.

After finishing the composition, Tavener sent the piece to his publisher Chester Music and asked if they could share it with King's College, Cambridge, for inclusion in their Nine Lessons and Carols service that year. Upon seeing the piece, Stephen Cleobury—the Director of Music at King's College—decided it would be included. The premiere of The Lamb took place in Winchester Cathedral on 22 December 1982, and on Christmas Eve two days later it was performed in the Nine Lessons and Carols service.

Text

"The Lamb" is a poem by William Blake from his poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Experience (1789). The poem draws on religious symbolism, primarily the Agnus Dei and the concept of Jesus as the Lamb of God. Blake believed that Jesus and God were two different but related entities, and this duality is depicted in the poem: the text highlights various binaries, including the contrast between youthful innocence and older age, and the pairing of lamb the animal with the Lamb of God. Blake himself set the poem to music, but no known copies have survived. Inspired by 'The Lamb' while reading Blake's poetry, Tavener said "I read the words, and immediately I heard the notes."

Composition
The Lamb is written for unaccompanied SATB choir. The choral writing is homophonic throughout, with largely syllabic word-setting. A performance direction instructs the singers to be "flexible" and "always guided by the words". The melody largely consists of quavers at ♩=40.

The piece combines simple harmony with dissonance. It is a minimalist piece based on variations of a single motif: the music in bars 1-2 is expanded upon and used throughout the rest of the piece, demonstrating Tavener's interest in serialism. In the first bar, a tonally-ambiguous melody in either G major or E minor is sung by the sopranos. The altos enter in the second bar with an exact inversion (or mirror image) of the soprano's melody in bar 1. This inversion results in unconventional harmony: interlocking melodic lines, chromatic harmony, and bitonality between E-flat major and G major. The soprano line in bar 3 utilises notes from the alto and soprano parts from the previous two bars. Bar 4 is a retrograde of bar 3, and the final bars of the A section (bars 5-6) also consist of notes from the previous melody. Bars 7-10 are a B section in E minor and feature all voices singing homophonically in more conventional aeolian harmony. The texture in the B section is similar to a chorale.

The chordal verses of The Lamb feature a musical device which Tavener called the "joy-sorrow chord", sung on the word "Lamb". The chord is used in other pieces by Tavener, including Funeral Ikos and Ikon of Light. From the bass upwards, it consists of the notes A-C-G-B:

Legacy
Since its first performances in 1982, The Lamb has been a popular piece of church music. It is one of Tavener's most commonly-performed pieces, and is often sung in Christmas services due to the text's focus on Jesus as a baby. Music presenter and journalist Tom Service wrote that The Lamb is "music that's once heard, never forgotten, its delicate radiance realising a rapt timelessness". As well as being a popular piece sung throughout the Christmas season, it has been used in a phone commercial and in the soundtrack to the film The Great Beauty. The Lamb has been a set work for the Edexcel A level music examination.

References

Citations

Works cited

Compositions by John Tavener
Choral compositions
1982 compositions
Musical settings of poems by William Blake
Holy minimalism compositions


title: 2014–15 BeNe League

text:
The 2014–15 BeNe League was the third and last season of the Belgium and Netherlands' women's football top level league. The defending champion was FC Twente. The season started on 29 August 2014 and was played in a single division. The season finished on 8 May 2015.

Following this season, Belgium and the Netherlands will have their own top level league again. The BeNe League initiative was ended because Dutch clubs and the Dutch FA failed to come to an agreement regarding the clubs' financial participation for the following seasons. The Dutch FA also questioned the lack of competitiveness.

After the season, the Netherlands revived the Eredivisie as top league and Belgium created a new Super League.

Format
The seven Dutch and six Belgian teams play a double round-robin where each team plays against each other two times (once at home and once away).

Teams
The league was played by seven Dutch and six Belgian teams.

Royal Antwerp left the BeNe League for financial reasons after previous season. Otherwise the same teams as last year compete. Club Brugge shut down their first team after the season, to focus on youth teams.

Standings
All teams play in a single group this season. The best placed Belgium and Dutch team qualify for the Champions League.

League table

Results

Top goalscorers
Updated to games played on 8 May 2015.

References

External links

Season at soccerway.com

BeNe League
BeNe League
1
BeNe League


title: Chariho High School

text:
Chariho High School is a public high school located in the rural village of Wood River Junction, Rhode Island, in the town of Richmond. It is part of the Chariho Regional School District, serving the towns of Charlestown, Richmond, and Hopkinton. The name Chariho is derived from the first syllable of the three towns' names.

History
Chariho High School was founded in 1960.

The geographic area served by the school, 126 square miles, is the largest in the state. The three towns comprising the district passed shared legislation, The Chariho Act, which governs the school's funding by taxation proportional to each town's student enrollment.

Academics
In U.S. News & World Reports national high school rankings, Chariho High School was awarded a bronze medal overall with a College Readiness Index of 15.5. 93% of students achieved proficiency in Reading and 53% in Math as determined by the New England Common Assessment Program and reported by U.S. News & World Report.

Career and Technical Center

The school's Marine Technology Center received one of the first endorsements by the American Boat and Yacht Council ("ABYC") in 2005. Through curriculum developed as a collaboration between the ABYC and the Rhode Island Association of Career and Technical Center Directors, interested students learn about boat design, construction, repair, safety, navigation, and other marine trades. Students who complete the required coursework receive an ABYC certificate.

Athletics
The Chariho High School Chargers teams have won titles in baseball, football, lacrosse, track and field, soccer, wrestling, and volleyball.

Student life policies
The district has set several policies on the nutritional value of school lunches and food available on the premises. A 2006 policy barred all unhealthy snacks and drinks during the school day along with several specific regulations, according to a Rhode Island Department of Health press release.

In June 2014 the parent of a student challenged a school policy that permits transgender students to use the bathroom of the gender they identify with. Superintendent Barry Ricci responded by citing Rhode Island law against discrimination based on gender identity and by creating a single unisex bathroom for anyone who may feel uncomfortable.

Notable alumni
Eric Lutes (b. 1962), actor known for his role in Caroline in the City
V. Susan Sosnowski (b. 1955), Democratic Party member of the Rhode Island Senate, representing the 37th District
Loren Spears, educator and two-term Tribal Councilwoman of the Narragansett Tribe in Charlestown

References

External links

Schools in Washington County, Rhode Island
Public high schools in Rhode Island


title: Tom Cushing

text:
Charles Cyprian Strong Cushing (October 27, 1879 – March 6, 1941) was an American playwright who wrote under the name Tom Cushing.

Biography

Cushing was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of William Lee Cushing, founder and headmaster of the Westminster School in Simsbury, Connecticut, and Mary Lewis Strong Cushing. His aunt was mathematics professor Eleanor P. Cushing. He attended Westminster and later Yale University, where he was a member of Skull and Bones.  He graduated in 1902. He was a tutor in the English Sudan in 1903 and a teacher of English and Greek at Westminster from 1909 to 1917. During World War II, he served in France in the entertainment division of the YMCA. Cushing died at Baker Memorial Hospital in Boston following an operation for a brain tumor.

Professional career

He made his Broadway in 1912 debut authoring the musical comedy Sari, an English language adaptation of the operetta Der Zigeunerprimas.  Cushing complained to P. G. Wodehouse that he was only paid $500 for the play.

In 1921, his play Thank You, co-written with Winchell Smith, debuted at the Longacre Theatre.  Dorothy Parker wrote that it was "deftly done..and gently amusing.  The small-town characters are not so obtrusively comic as they might be, and you can guess what a relief that is.  If ever a play ended at the second act, Thank You is that very play, but there is, of course, a third act, so that the dress suits can be brought in, and the audience can feel that it has had its money's worth." 1925 John Ford directed a film version Thank You.

Another 1921 premiere, at the Empire Theatre, was Blood and Sand, his adaptation of the Vicente Blasco Ibáñez novel Sangre y arena (1908).  Otis Skinner starred as the toreador Juan Gallardo, and while his performance was acclaimed, critics thought he was too old for the part.  Cushing's play was its adapted into a 1922 silent film version starring Rudolph Valentino.

In 1923, his play Laugh, Clown, Laugh, co-written with David Belasco, debuted at the Belasco Theatre.  It was adapted from the Italian play Ridi, Pagliaccio by Fausto Maria Martini. Lionel Barrymore starred as the depressed clown Tito Beppi.  Lon Chaney played the role in a 1928 silent film adaptation.

Out O'Luck, a comedy about doughboys in France, was performed by the Yale Dramatic Association in 1925 and later went on tour. Yale alumni Cole Porter contributed three songs to the play and its success provided him with badly needed confidence at a time when he considered abandoning songwriting.

Cushing's 1926 play The Devil in the Cheese premiered at the Charles Hopkins Theatre.  In it, an American couple, played by (Robert McWade and Catherine Calhoun Doucet) and their daughter (Linda Watkins) visit Meteora, where they are held for ransom by a Greek bandit posing as a priest and archaeologist (Bela Lugosi) and later rescued by the daughter's boyfriend (Fredric March).  The second act takes place within the daughter's imagination, and includes adventurous travels in the South Seas and on a desert island, domestic life, and her becoming First Lady. After her father eats a piece of mummified cheese he is made privy to his daughter's daydreams thanks to the Egyptian god Min.  The New York Times wrote of Lugosi's performance that he "acts with an authority and cadence worthy of better things".

La Gringa (1928) premiered at the Little Theatre, starring Claudette Colbert.  It was adapted as the now lost film South Sea Rose (1929).

Barely Proper was a 1929 play that went unperformed on Broadway during his lifetime – Cushing subtitled it An Unplayable Play – but it was published.  The play about a family of nudists was finally performed in 1970 at the Belasco by Ken McGuire to very poor reviews.  Clive Barnes wrote in the New York Times  that it was "making teensy-weensy headlines as being the first Broadway nudist play.  It should probably be the last".

References

External links

1879 births
1941 deaths
American dramatists and playwrights
Yale University alumni
Westminster School (Connecticut) alumni
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut


title: Navy Bill

text:
Navy Bill is a sculpture of the United States Naval Academy's mascot, Bill the Goat, a billy goat.  It was designed by Clemente Spampinato in 1956, and presented to the academy in 1957. Until 2010, the sculpture stood just inside Gate 1 to the academy.  Following a five-year refurbishment underwritten by the Class of 1965, the statue was returned to Gate 1. A second statue commissioned by the Class of 1965 was placed in the north end zone of Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium on 9 June 2015. It was rededicated 24 October 2015. Navy Bill has the alternate name of Goat Mascot.

Description

The base is granite and measures . The surmounting sculpture is bronze and measures . Navy Bill was noted as needing treatment in 1994. It was refurbished by the Class of 1965 in 2015. Sculptor Tony Thamasangvarn and the Baltimore New Arts Foundry added "rank insignia, warfare devices, shrapnel from Vietnam, and a cube of steel from a nuclear submarine" donated by the class in the recast Navy Bill at the football stadium.

The N on Navy Bill's blanket is a varsity letter, while the two stars ("N-stars" in Academy parlance) represent two victories over West Point in annual Army-Navy varsity competitions.

Inscriptions
Inscribed on the sculpture's bronze foundation is CLEM SPAMPINATO © 1956 to the back and MODERN ART FDRY. NY to the front. On a plaque behind the sculpture:

On a small plaque in front of the sculpture:

History

The main inscription's attribution to 1890 legend is not agreed with in modern study. The first use of a live goat as the academy's mascot was 1893.  Navy Bill is the inspiration for the academy's sports logo.

References

Monuments and memorials in Maryland
1956 sculptures
United States Naval Academy


title: Friedrich Schattleitner

text:
Friedrich Schattleitner (28 September 1923 – 4 May 2016) was an Austrian sport shooter who competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics, where he finished 35th among a field of 86 competitors in the 50 m rifle - prone position event. He was born in Kalwang.

References

1923 births
2016 deaths
Austrian male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Austria
Shooters at the 1968 Summer Olympics
20th-century Austrian people


title: Incremental game

text:
Incremental games, also known as clicker games, clicking games (on PCs) or tap games (in mobile games), are video games whose gameplay consists of the player doing simple actions such as clicking on the screen repeatedly. This "grinding" earns the player in-game currency which can be used to increase the rate of currency acquisition. In some games, even the clicking becomes unnecessary at some point, as the game plays itself, including in the player's absence, hence the moniker idle game.

Mechanics

Progress without interaction, or very limited interaction
In an incremental game, players perform simple actions – usually clicking a button or object – which rewards the player with currency. The player may spend the currency to purchase items or abilities that allow the player to earn the currency faster or automatically, without needing to perform the initial action. A common theme is offering the player sources of income displayed as buildings such as factories or farms. These sources increase the currency production rate, but higher tier sources usually have an exponentially higher cost, so upgrading between tiers takes usually about the same time or even increasingly longer.

This mechanism offers a low-pressure experience (one does not have to be constantly playing), no loss condition, and constant growth and feedback, which is ideal for social or mobile play patterns, and often result in a very high player retention. It often relies on exponential growth (or perhaps high-degree polynomial growth), which is countered by diminishing returns.

Rapid growth
The rapid growth of cost, power and rewards is what makes incremental games fun and satisfying. They often incorporate very large numbers in their calculation of rewards/power, either using scientific notations (1x1034/10E 34), shorthands (1M, 1T, etc.), shorthand (1a, 1b, 1aa, 1ab), or invented words (e.g. "duoquadragintillion"), which sometimes make recording high scores a problem for the server.

This mechanism, in its core, involves a loop: the player logs in, spends all their currency, and logs out for a few hours. This is similar to (or even derived from) the "energy currency" concept in social games, where a player gets one energy per hour, for example. The difference being that in idle games this mechanism is natural, whereas in other social games, it is a construct intended to constrain the players.

This mechanism may be more palatable to core gamers who dislike social games. It resonates with real world dialog (e.g., "I'm out of cash; I need to come back when I have more.") and gives players more control over their decision.

Many goals and achievements
This mechanism provides moments of joy spread out throughout the gameplay, to counter boredom and grinding feeling. The mechanism could also be tied to the previous mechanism of giving more power/rewards upon achieving a goal or achievement, which lead to optimization decision and meaningful direction.

New Game Plus
As a late-game or advanced mechanism, some games feature a reset-based system or "New Game Plus", a term coined by Chrono Trigger (1995), where the player resets the progress of their game and gains another form of currency (prestige). This new currency is normally used to gain global bonuses that do not disappear after a reset, allowing the player to go further than the previous reset, or let the player replay the game with a greater power, often with several choices upon restart. This eventually would create an infinite game replays and various strategy of playing. It creates another layer of loop: players play from the start. Tap Titans (2014, by Game Hive) is a pioneer of the prestige mechanics in mobile games.

This mechanism is mostly optional; player could choose to "prestige" once they feel they hit the wall and felt their progress is getting slower (compared to the cost). This mechanism gives players a sense of a rush of progress, which feels very rewarding. Some games include multiple layers of prestiging, thereby making new content, meta-currencies or gameplay available. Realm Grinder by Divine Games (2015), introduced abdicating, reincarnating, and ascending.

Open-ended or closed gameplay loops
Incremental games vary as to whether they have a victory condition: games like Cookie Clicker allow the players to play indefinitely, while games like Candy Box! or Universal Paperclips feature endings that can be reached after a certain amount of progress is made.

Monetization
Pioneered by AdVenture Capitalist, developers may sell premium boost such as instant currency infusion (usually a percentage of current rate of income) or sometimes wrapped as a "time-warp" (instantly gain x-hours of future income), permanent boost multiplier that persist after each prestiging, instant prestige (claiming prestige without starting over), protection against negative events, gacha system (random draws of a character or a permanent bonus), and event currencies.

On the other side, they may also deliver advertisements for players to receive minor rewards, such as short burst of cash, doubling offline earnings, small amount of premium currency, brief powerful boost/medium-length small boost, extra prestige points upon prestiging, relief of a negative status, etc.

History

According to Anthony Pecorella in his GDC summit talks, the first idle game was attributed to Progress Quest (2002) by Eric Fredriksen, which is a parody of MMORPG's stats and auto-attack. He argued that Kongregate was an early breeding ground for the genre, as some people just want to chat, so, the first game of the genre was aptly titled Kongregate Chat (July 24, 2007, by John Cooney), where the game just run by itself, and people are just chatting in the chat section of the game. While one of the first visual idle games ("rudimentary RPG" according to Pecorella) was Ayumilove's HackerStory v1 (2008, by Ayumilove), which was a parody of bot grinding in a Maple Story game, a famous MMORPG from Korea at that time.

The early pioneers of idle games also saw some games parodying idle games, such as Anti-Idle (2009, by tukkun) which has both elements of active and idle games, and is extremely complicated, content-rich, and constantly updated; it helped popularize the genre. An idle game in Facebook platform, called Cow Clicker (2010, by Ian Bogost), which according to the author, "a satire and playable theory of social games circa that era, ... Facebook games distilled to their essence.", was the first to receive mainstream media attention. Another parody of idle games (and parody of capitalism) called AdVenture Capitalist (2015, by Cody Vigue / Hyper Hippo Games) also saw success as a browser game and was subsequently made available in many platforms. It was one of the first games to implement monetization, as well as offline earning which calculates the progress of a player during the time they are offline, unlike previous browser-based idle games which only run when open in a browser window.

Some idle games did not follow the infinite ending, and instead opt for finite ending, more like puzzle-like and exploration based, for example A Dark Room (2013, by Doublespeak Games), and Candy Box! (2013, by aniwey).

Incremental games gained popularity in 2013 after the success of Cookie Clicker, although earlier games such as Cow Clicker and Candy Box! were based on the same principles. Make It Rain (2014, by Space Inch) was the first major mobile idle game success, although the idle elements in the game were heavily limited, requiring check-ins to progress. In 2015, the gaming press observed such games proliferating on the Steam distribution platform with titles such as Clicker Heroes (2014, by Playsaurus).

Other idle games that have become classic includes Sandcastle Builder (2013, by Eternal Density) which was based on the xkcd comic 1190: Time, Shark Game (2014, by Cirr), Crank (by FaeDine), and Kittens Game (2014, by Bloodrizer)

During the evolution of the genre, monetization (through ads or other venues), premium contents, and other game mechanics are slowly being added in.

Reception
Nathan Grayson of Kotaku attributed the popularity of idle games to their ability to provide unchallenging distractions that fit easily into a person's daily routine, while using themes and aesthetics of more sophisticated games so as to be appealing to a "core gamer" audience. Grayson also noted that the genre allowed for a wide variety of game mechanics and themes, such as fantasy, sci-fi and erotica, to provide sufficient perceived depth to avoid boring players.

IGN's Justin Davis describes the genre as being tuned for a never-ending sense of escalation, as expensive upgrades and items rapidly become available, only to become trivial and replaced by more. This leads to the player feeling powerful and weak at the same time in pursuit of exponential progress.

Julien "Orteil" Thiennot (creator of games such as Cookie Clicker) described his own works as "non-games". In early 2014, Orteil released an early version of Idle Game Maker, a tool allowing customized idle games to be made without coding knowledge.

Commenting on the parodic nature of the genre, Pecorella commented that "[idle games is] a genre that's almost doesn't want to exist; it's a joke, but despite itself, keeps being really successful", and on popular idle-games in general, "a lot of these are just glorified spreadsheet with some really neat mechanics in it."

Influence
The idle games genre has in many ways influenced other genres. Pecorella (2015) identified several genres that includes idle elements in their mechanics:

 Real-time social and strategy games: Hay Day, Mafia Wars, Game of War
 Chinese MMORPGs (skipping the early games through "AFK mode" and going straight to end-game): Mythborne using auto-path mode, Wartune, among others
 Launch games (tight-loop prestige/newgame+ mechanic, not the idling one per se): Curl Up and Fly, among others.

Shooting games, RPGs, and other genres also starts to introduce short prestige loop or mini idle games within, while some introduces offline progress to entice players to return, allowing for genre blends, from idle rhythm games to RPGs, to puzzle and dating sims.

Auto clicker
An auto clicker is automation software or a macro that is generally used to automate the clicking (or tapping) process in idle games. A number of idle games employ clicking as a method to gain currency while active (to complement the idle element), and players may sometimes employ an auto clicker to automate this part, thus getting resources/currency much faster. Pecorella, in his 2016 GDC summit talk, argued that auto clickers are considered necessary by any "serious" idle game players, and that it's not cheating, but rather an exploration of an error in design.

References

Further reading

Video game genres


title: Stein Bråten

text:
Stein Leif Bråten (born 3 November 1934) is a Norwegian sociologist and social psychologist specializing in communication. He used the Simula programming language in one of the earliest uses of computers in modelling interpersonal communication (cfr his "A Simulation Study of Personal and Mass Communication". IAG Quarterly Journal of the Administrative Data Processing Group of IFIP, 1968, vol.1, no.2:.7-28). In 1989 he was awarded a PhD. in psychology at the University of Bergen for work on preverbal communication with infants connected to his theory of the virtual other. He is recognized for his work on mother-child interaction and in 1998 edited Intersubjective Communication and Emotion in Early Ontogeny, published by Cambridge University Press (). He is professor emeritus at the University of Oslo and is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science. His 1973 article "Model Monopoly and Communication: Systems Theoretical Notes on Democratization" was selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon by Sosiologinytt in 2011 (issued by the Norwegian Sociological Organization). A main theme in this article is that the so-called 'model strength' of the participants in a conversation (in such as a boardroom) affects the outcome of prolonged conversation as regards influence and power (put simply, this is in contrast to the view that communication in general leads to democratic spread of power).

References

1934 births
Norwegian sociologists
Living people
Social psychologists
Communication theorists
Academic staff of the University of Oslo