title: Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa

text:
Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa, 17th Marquess of Cerralbo (1845 – 1922), was a Spanish archaeologist and a Carlist politician.

Family and youth

Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa came from the aristocratic family for centuries residing in the Salamanca province; his ancestors can be traced back to the 14th century, and it was in 1533 when his forefather was named marquis by Carlos I. His father, Francisco de Asís de Aguilera y Becerril, was the founder and director of the Gimnasio Real de Madrid (Casón del Buen Retiro) and became known as a promoter of physical exercises, supported with a number of machines he invented himself. Married to María Luisa de Gamboa y López de León, the couple had 13 children.

Enrique was first educated at the Madrid Colegio de las Escuelas Pías de San Fernando, later on to study Philosophy and Letters and Law at the Universidad Central. With the death of his father in 1867, Enrique as the oldest living son acquired the conde de Villalobos title, which ensured his place in the middle-range aristocracy and a comfortable financial status. His position changed dramatically in the early 1870s, when, following the childless death of his two paternal uncles and death of his paternal grandfather, José de Aguilera y Contreras, Enrique became the most senior male in line. He inherited the marquesado de Cerralbo, along with many other aristocratic titles, some of them ceded to his brothers. By virtue of the marquesado de Cerralbo and condado de Alcudia, he became a double grandee of Spain. Enrique inherited part of his grandfather's enormous wealth, including a number of estates in southern Leon, villa de Cerralbo and the San Boal palace in Salamanca. The heritage elevated Enrique into the highest ranks of the Spanish nobility and ensured lifetime opulence. He later multiplied his wealth by marriage, cautious investments on the stock exchange and in the railway business, and by inheriting part of the fortune of the marqués de Monroy, which allowed him to purchase new estates in Madrid, Santa María de Huerta and in Monroy.

In 1871, Enrique married the mother of his university colleague, Manuela Inocencia Serrano y Cerver from Valencia, thirty years his senior and widow of the military and senator Antonio del Valle y Angelín; she brought into the family the children from her previous marriage. Immediately afterwards, the couple travelled extensively and started construction of the family residence in Madrid. In 1893, the family moved into the freshly-completed building at calle Ventura Rodríguez, designed in eclectic style by renowned architects and from the outset intended to be also an art gallery, very much like the private pinacotecas seen across Europe. The building – usually referred to as a palace – served later also as a prestigious venue of social meetings, reported the day after by the Madrid press, and a location for political assemblies. The couple had no issue.

Early Carlist years

Though his paternal ancestors remained loyal to the Isabelinos, it was Enrique's mother who influenced him towards Carlism, the leaning reinforced during the university years. According to himself always a Carlist, he joined the movement in 1869, the same year founding also the affiliated Juventud Catolica. As conde de Villalobos he unsuccessfully ran for the Cortes in 1871 from Ciudad Rodrigo, but obtained the mandate in the successive elections of 1872 from Ledesma. His service lasted only 2 months, since before the planned insurgency the claimant ordered his deputies to resign. There is no evidence that Enrique de Aguilera took part in the Third Carlist War and that he was exiled, though the issue is not entirely clear. In 1876 in Paris, already as marqués, he was introduced to Carlos VII. The two developed cordial relationship bordering personal friendship; de Cerralbo turned out - along Solferino - one of two grandees who sided with Carlism and automatically became one of its most distinguished figures.

Within Carlism de Cerralbo tried to champion the religious cause, but he proved no match for Cándido Nocedal. The conflict grew when Nocedal was nominated Jefe Delegado in 1879, Nocedal opting for immovilismo and Cerralbo for aperturismo. Another issue was Nocedal's drive to emphasize the Catholic features at the expense of dynastical ones. As Carlos VII grew uncomfortable about power shifting away from his hands and as Nocedal's leadership caused grumblings among many Carlists, Cerralbo engaged in few attempts to outmaneuver him, but since they remained fruitless, he pondered upon withdrawing from politics.

When Cándido Nocedal died in 1885 Cerralbo was widely rumored to succeed him, but Carlos VII decided to lead the movement personally. Quoting health reasons Cerralbo for some time distanced himself from Carlist politics, marked by further conflict between Ramón Nocedal and the pretender. By virtue of his grandeza he entered the Senate in 1885, where he was the only Carlist. In 1886 Cerralbo headed a makeshift Junta co-coordinating the Carlist electoral effort, though structures of the movement were increasingly paralyzed by conflict until the Nocedalistas were expelled in 1888. The same year Carlos VII decided to counter their El Siglo Futuro by ordering de Cerralbo to create the official Carlist daily El Correo Español, which commenced his lifelong friendship with Juan Vázquez de Mella. De Cerralbo engaged in many other Carlist cultural initiatives. As royal representative he travelled across Spain in 1889-1890, a novelty in terms of mass mobilization; during some of these visits he was assaulted by the Republicans. Eventually, following other royal favors, in 1890 Cerralbo was nominated Jefe Delegado, receiving the claimant's political carte blanche.

First tenure

Cerralbo's leadership was marked by conciliatory course towards political groupings of the Right, with intransigence reserved only for the Integrists, labeled traitors and rebels. He shifted focus from conspiracy to parliamentary activity, though the results obtained in elections of 1891 and 1893 were rather poor. Apparently aware of the forthcoming mass culture age, he worked to develop the Carlist propaganda machinery, introducing first attempts to co-ordinate the Carlist press, but including also a network of libraries and publishing houses, combined with other means of public activity like lectures, feasts, erecting monuments, setting up prizes and creating honorary member lists. A novelty in his propaganda was the systematic usage of images, as he arranged for portraits and photographs of Carlist leaders (including himself) to be printed in countless editions. He also tried to build economic foundations of the movement, issuing shares of various Carlist-controlled institutions.

Perhaps the most important of de Cerralbo's achievements was building a nationwide Carlist organization, which transformed the movement from a 19th-century “party” of loosely organized leaders with their local following into a formal institutionalized structure. During his tenure there were some 2000 juntas and 300 circulos created. Though some of them existed only on paper and the organization was limited chiefly to Northern and Eastern Spain, Carlism became the most modern political party of the time, as two major partidos de turno remained rather electoral alliances, dormant between the polling periods. The transformation of Traditionalism under de Cerralbo led many to label the movement “carlismo nuevo”.

De Cerralbo, though not an ideologue himself, presided over the works on Acta de Loredán, the Carlist doctrinal statement released early 1897. The document confirmed the ultraconservative profile of Carlism and confirmed its commitment to religion, dynasty, and decentralized state, the relative novelties having been an effort to accommodate the social teaching of the Church and to lure back the Integrists by highlighting the principle of Catholic unity.

As the crisis in Cuba mounted, the liberal press was repeatedly warning against a new Carlist insurgency, allegations usually refuted by Correo Español. Small Carlist groups indeed resolved to violence and de Cerralbo tried to prevent the phenomenon. The pretender seemed decided not to weaken the country while at war with the United States, but the situation changed following the disastrous peace of 1898, as Carlos VII made some moves interpreted as preparation to another Carlist war. Cerralbo, widely considered the leader of the doves and confronted by the hawks like Llorens, was rumored to be dismissed soon. Quoting health reasons he left Spain and distanced himself from the conflict, finally handing his resignation as Jefe Delegado in late 1899. The notice was accepted by Carlos VII, who nominated Matías Barrio y Mier as the new political leader.

Break in leadership

De Cerralbo left Spain mid-1900 and was absent during La Octubrada, the failed Carlist insurrection in Badalona of October 1900. Surprised by the coup he condemned it as premature, though in principle he did not exclude a violent action. He did not withdraw from the Senate. It is not clear whether de Cerralbo, like many Carlist leaders, was expulsed from Spain, the only measure confirmed two police search raids on his Madrid residence. He returned early 1901 and resumed his duties in the Senate. His relationship with Carlos VII remained correct, but the two were getting more and more apart, especially following dismissal of conde de Melgar (Cerralbo's friend) as the claimant's political secretary, and the growing influence of his second wife, Berthe de Rohan. Cerralbo remained loyal to the pretender and his Jefe Delegado Barrio y Mier, taking part in Carlist initiatives and feasts of Madrid. He was also ready to enter Junta Central, the collective governing body designed but eventually abandoned in 1903. He forged a friendly relationship with the son of Carlos VII, Don Jaime, as the two shared historical and archaeological interests. Following the period of poor health and limited public activity, in mid-1900s de Cerralbo increased his engagements becoming head of the Carlist parliamentary minority. When Matías Barrio died in 1909 de Cerralbo was widely rumored to return to the Jefe Delegado position, but as one of his last political decisions Carlos VII nominated Bartolomé Feliú Perez instead, the move welcomed by some and protested by the others.

Second Tenure

The 1909 death of Carlos VII turned political fortunes of de Cerralbo, who consulted by the new claimant Don Jaime advised that as a Carlist king he should adopt the name of Jaime III. Many distinguished Carlists pressed the pretender to dismiss Feliú and re-appoint Cerralbo. The claimant bowed to the pressure in 1912, creating a collective governing body, Junta Superior Central Tradicionalista, with de Cerralbo as its president. A number of authors claim that de Cerralbo was the de facto Jefe Delegado and the press, like many contemporaries, presented him as such. The competitive theory maintains that de Mella, sensing the forthcoming clash with Don Jaime, assumed that aging and sick Cerralbo, his old-time friend, would be easier to manipulate; some claim that following the appointment it was actually de Mella who was running the party.

De Cerralbo returned to his conciliatory policy towards other conservative parties; he also resumed tours across Spain, and re-organized the party by creating 10 commissions. A novelty in party tactics was an attempt to emphasize its public presence by organizing romerías, aplecs and pilgrimages, also abroad. It was during his second tenure that Requete was born, shaped by Llorens as the paramilitary organization. De Cerralbo remained perfectly loyal to the claimant, though Don Jaime was increasingly uneasy about the growing position of de Mella, which led to clashes related to management of Correo Español.

As the European war broke out in 1914 de Cerralbo favored Spanish neutrality, though he sympathized with the Central Powers, considering their monarchical model closer to Carlist ideal and traditionally opposing Great Britain, viewed as arch-enemy of Spain. He had to face a hard task of maintaining Carlist unity, as some in the movement, including the claimant himself, favored the Allies. Another dispute de Cerralbo had to defuse took place in Catalonia and was related to politics towards local nationalism, resulting in Miquel Junyent i Rovira appointed the local jefe. The most difficult issue, however, was the growing conflict between de Mella and Jaime III. Unable to sort out the loyalty dilemma, plagued by health problems and embittered by attacks of his former friends, in the spring of 1918 de Cerralbo quoted health reasons and resigned.

When the Mellistas broke away in 1919, De Cerralbo, already outside the Carlist leadership, did not take a clear stand; instead, he withdrew from politics altogether. Though Don Jaime refrained from open criticism, privately he did not spare de Cerralbo harsh words, repeated in public by other prominent Jaimistas; it was de Mella who spoke in his defense. Cerralbo did not take part in the 1919 Magna Junta de Biarritz, a congregation entrusted with marking the future direction of Carlism. His last public nomination was appointment to alcalde of the Madrid district of Argüelles in 1920.

Archaeologist and historian

Since his university days de Cerralbo has developed keen interest in culture and history; his first encounter with archaeology took place in the Madrid site of Ciempozuelos in 1895. He started to collect objects retrieved from various demolitions and organized archeological excavations himself: the first ones were those in upper Jalón valley, commenced in 1908. His key success was discovery of the Celtiberian site of Arcóbriga, listed as Arcobrigensis in the Roman sources and sought by generations from the 16th century; based on multi-faceted analysis Cerralbo correctly narrowed the search area and discovered the site, where excavations were to continue for tens of years to come. In 1909, following numerous notes about odd findings, he commenced excavations in Torralba del Moral and Ambrona, continued until 1916,  at that time considered the most ancient human settling discovered so far in Europe. El hombre fossil by Hugo Obermaier (1916), a paleontological reference book for generations, was partially based on de Cerralbo's findings.  Remained a promoter, sponsor, director and assessor on many other sites.

Though de Cerralbo's excavation methodology is now considered outdated, he introduced new techniques like photography both on site and in laboratory or complex indexing methods. He co-operated with specialists like geologists, cartoonists, historians, engineers, photographers or paleontologists, sharing discoveries on many scientific fora. Cerralbo became member of many scientific institutions. He was visited in Madrid and Soria by a number of world-class archaeologists. In 1912 he was recognized for 5 volumes of his monumental Páginas de la Historia Patria por mis excavaciones arqueológicas  by Premio Internacional Martorell and applauded for his work on Torralba by International Congress of Anthropology and Archaeology in Geneva the same year. He was invited by the Ministry of Education to work on new law on excavations, which, adopted in 1911, prevented objects from being taken out of the country and created Junta Superior de Excavaciones y Antigüedades y Comisión de Investigaciones Paleontológicas y Prehistóricas. Headed a number of archaeological institutions himself. Published studies on María Henríquez de Toledo, archbishop Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada and the Santa María de Huerta monastery. In 1908 he entered Real Academia de Historia (invitation pending since 1898), to join Real Academia Española in 1913. Before his death de Cerralbo donated part of his archeological collection to museums.

Hobbyist, collector, man of culture

From youth de Cerralbo contributed to Madrid periodicals, like Fomento Literario and La Ilustración Católica. Active in La Alborada, a literary society founded by the son of his wife Antonio del Valle, he authored small pieces of prose and poetry; his El Arco Romano de Medinaceli has even made it to a contemporary Spanish poetry anthology. His style, like this demonstrated in Leyenda de Amor, merged classical perfection of verse with romantic sentiment, appealing to contemporary taste though nowadays probably looking banal and bombastic. Spending much time in his preferred rural residence in Santa María de Huerta, de Cerralbo practiced gardening and farming, in particular horse breeding. He attempted to create a new lineage, a mixture of a pure English and a pure Spanish breed; in 1882 his yeguada won Primer Premio at the Madrid Exhibition, in 1902 his horses won prizes in Madrid and in Barcelona.

Since his childhood de Cerralbo was infected by coleccionismo, initially focused on numismatics, but gradually broadened to collecting paintings, arms, armor, porcelain and ceramics, rugs, tapestries and curtains, marbles, watches, lamps, sculptures, furniture, candles, drawings, rare books, stamps and other  antiquities.  A tireless collectables hunter, Cerralbo traced them at auctions, antiquities shops and museums across Europe, purchasing also entire assortments from other people. He amassed around 28,000 objects, his collection considered one of the most complete in Spain at the time. The contemporary press dubbed him El marqués coleccionista, though his zeal was popular among the wealthy bourgeoisies. Before his death de Cerralbo set up Fundación Museo Cerralbo, which displays most of the objects until today. The collection remains a good example of the 19th century private collecting passion, somewhat undisciplined but delivering a sense of search for beauty and, possibly, quality of life. In contemporary guidebooks the place is referred to as “a study in 19th-century opulence”, jammed with “fruits of the collector’s eclectic meanderings”.

Legacy

De Cerralbo is credited for his archaeological contribution, consisting mostly of some key discoveries and introduction of modern excavation methods. As a politician he is praised for employing new means of public mobilization and for conciliatory strategy, rather atypical for Carlism. Finally, he is recognized as benefactor who donated part of his collection to public museums and who founded a museum himself. The critics note that he adhered to backward ideology and refused to take sides during the moments of crisis (Third Carlist War, nocedalista conflict, La Octubrada, Mellist schism), quoting poor health as an excuse. They play down his collection as a chaotic and banal means of venting off his wealth. He is charged with turning archeology into a vehicle of pursuing a nationalist discourse. Finally, some indicate that de Cerralbo formed part of the oligarchy responsible for archaic social and economic conditions of Spain, also personally taking advantage of his privileged position versus the poor.

See also
 Carlism
 Restoration (Spain)
 Electoral Carlism (Restoration)
 Carlos VII
 Jaime III
 Cerralbo Museum
 Archaeology

Footnotes

Further reading
 Historia del Museo y su Fundador, [in:] Museo Cerralbo website
 Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, El caso Feliú y el dominio de Mella en el partido carlista en el período 1909–1912, [in:] Historia contemporánea 10 (1997),
 Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, El cisma mellista. Historia de una ambición política, Madrid 2000,
 Jordi Canal i Morell, Banderas blancas, boinas rojas: una historia política del carlismo, 1876-1939, Madrid 2006, , 9788496467347
 Jordi Canal i Morell, La revitalización política del carlismo a fines del siglo XIX: los viajes de propaganda del Marqués de Cerralbo, [in:] Studia Zamorensia 3 (1996), pp. 233–272
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922): biografía politica [PhD thesis], Madrid 2012
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El marqués de Cerralbo. Una vida entre el carlismo y la arqueología, Madrid 2015,
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El XVII Marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Iglesia y carlismo, distintas formas de ver el XIII Centenario de la Unidad Católica, [in:] Studium: Revista de humanidades, 18 (2012) , pp. 125–154
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Primera parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1869 hasta 1900, [in:] Ab Initio: Revista digital para estudiantes de Historia, 2  (2011),
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Segunda parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1900 hasta 1922, [in:] Ab Initio: Revista digital para estudiantes de Historia, 4 (2011),
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Las investigaciones del Marqués de Cerralbo en el «Cerro Villar» de Monreal de Ariza: Arcobriga, [in:] Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, t. 11, 1998, pp. 211–221
 Maria Ángeles Granados Ortega, Don Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa (1845-1922), XVII marqués de Cerralbo, [in:] Museo Cerrabo, Guida Breve
 Guadalupe Moreno López, El archivo de Enrique Aguilera y Gamboa, XVII marqués de Cerralbo, en el Museo Cerralbo. Propuesta de clasificación, [in:] Boletín de la ANABAD, 48 (1998), pp. 207–230
 Pilar de Navascués Benlloch, Cristina Conde de Beroldingen Geyr, El legado de un mecenas: pintura española del Museo Marqués de Cerralbo, Madrid 1998, , 9788489162976
 Pilar de Navascués Benlloch, El XVII Marqués de Cerralbo y su aportación a la arqueología española, [in:] Gloria Mora, Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Margarita Díaz-Andreu García (eds.), La cristalización del pasado: Génesis y desarrollo del marco institucional de la Arqueología en España, Málaga 1997, , 9788474966473, pp. 507–513
 Pilar de Navascués Benlloch, Carmen Jiménez Sanz, El Marqués de Cerralbo, Madrid 1998, , 9788481813432
 Consuelo Sanz-Pastor y Fernández de Pierola, El marqués de Cerralbo, político carlista, [in:] Revista de Archivos Bibliotecas y Museos  LXXVI, 1/1973, pp. 231–270
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Pioneros: Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa, Marqués de Cerralbo, [in:]  Revista de Arqueología, 182, 1996, pp. 52–57
 María Luisa Cerdeño Serrano, Magdalena Barril Vicente, El Marqués de Cerralbo: un aficionado que se institucionaliza, [in:] Gloria Mora, Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Margarita Díaz-Andreu García (eds.), La cristalización del pasado: Génesis y desarrollo del marco institucional de la Arqueología en España, Málaga 1997, , 9788474966473, pp. 515–527
 Eduardo Valero, El marqués coleccionista, [in:] Historia urbana de Madrid website

External links

 Cerralbo at the website of Spanish Senate
 Agustín Fernández Escudero. El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Biografía política
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922) Primera parte
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922) Segunda parte
 Agustín Fernández Escudero, Cerralbo, church and carlism
 Carmen Jiménez Sanz, Las investigaciones del Marqués de Cerralbo en el «Cerro Villar» de Monreal de Ariza: Arcobriga
 El marques coleccionista at Historia Urbana de Madrid
 marquesado de Cerralbo
 family tree at geneanet
 family tree at geneallnet
 Museo Cerralbo official site
 contemporary Carlist propaganda (video); Cerralbo at 2:41 (standing)

1845 births
1922 deaths
Politicians from Madrid
Spanish Roman Catholics
Marquesses of Spain
Carlists
Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the Senate of Spain
Leaders of political parties in Spain
20th-century Spanish archaeologists
Spanish male poets
20th-century Spanish poets


title: Pietro di Domenico

text:
Pietro di Domenico, also Pietro di Domenico da Siena, (1457–1506) was an Italian Renaissance painter.

Not much is known about Pietro di Domenico's life except through his works. He was born, worked, and lived all his life in Siena, and his style puts him in the Sienese School, and shows influences of the painter Luca Signorelli. He primarily painted religious-themed works for local church commissions. He died in Siena in 1506. One of his works is part of the York Museums Trust collection.

References

External links
Italian Paintings: Sienese and Central Italian Schools, a collection catalog containing information about Domenico and his works (see index; plate 73).

1457 births
1506 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
16th-century Italian painters
Painters from Siena


title: Battle of Santa Clara (1927)

text:
The Battle of Santa Clara took place on 27 July 1927, during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933. After being ambushed by Sandinista forces at the Battle of San Fernando, Major Oliver Floyd's expedition of American Marines and Nicaraguan Provisional Guardsmen continued its advance into enemy-held territory in northern Nicaragua.

On the 27 July two American airplanes spotted forty Sandinistas waiting in ambush. The aircraft received fire from an enemy machine gun and a dive bombing raid ensued, with three bombs being dropped on the Nicaraguan rebels. The American aviators reported seeing six Sandinistas "dead or seriously wounded."

Major Floyd's Marine and Provisional Guard expedition eventually reached the area one mile southeast of Santa Clara, where they were attacked by a force of between 60 and 120 (possibly up to 150) Sandinista insurgents who were armed with two machine guns. One of the machine guns was confirmed to be a Lewis gun and the other one was suspected of being one as well.

The battle raged from 2:30 to 4:00, with the Sandinistas being eventually driven back.

The American and Nicaraguan government forces didn't suffer any casualties, while five dead rebels were found on the battlefield. However, Augusto César Sandino would later admit to losing up to 60 men killed and wounded during the action (although this number may include the casualties from the air raid prior to the battle). Sandino had a tendency to greatly exaggerate numbers related to the battles during his rebellion, so this number of 60 is probably inaccurate. One young Sandinista, who was pretending to be dead, was captured, but later released.

In addition to human losses, twelve of Sandino's animals were killed and eight were captured.

The clash at Santa Clara, along with the previous battles at Ocotal and San Fernando (both of which also took place in July 1927) convinced Sandino to alter his tactics. According to author Neill Macaulay, "he would attack only when the odds were heavily in his favor-when he clearly had the advantages of surprise, cover, and superior firepower. Never again would he foolishly 'stand his ground,' nor would he try to redeem an attack that had hopelessly bogged down. Major Floyd might wage a 'blood and thunder campaign,' but Sandino would adopt the hit-and-run tactics of guerrilla warfare." After the Battle of Santa Clara, the Sandinistas fell back to "the jungles around El Chipote mountain," which was "ideal country for guerrilla warfare."

References

History of Nicaragua
Santa Clara
Santa Clara
Santa Clara
Santa Clara 1927
1927 in Nicaragua
July 1927 events


title: The Japanese Dog

text:
The Japanese Dog () is a 2013 Romanian drama film directed by Tudor Cristian Jurgiu. It was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards but was not nominated for the shortlist. It is Jurgiu's debut feature film.

Plot
An elderly farmer, played by Victor Rebengiuc, has lost his wife in a flood. He has kept his wife's death hidden from their son, but his son discovers the truth anyway and rushes home to visit his father. Accompanying the son are his Japanese wife and their seven-year-old child. The farmer and his son become closer in the days that follow. However, sadness returns when they must part.

Cast
 Victor Rebengiuc as Costache (the father)
 Șerban Pavlu as Ticu (the son)
 Ioana Abur as Gabi
 Alexandrina Halic as Leanca
 Constantin Drăgănescu
 Kana Hashimoto as Hiroko (the son's wife)

See also
 List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Romanian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

2013 films
Romanian drama films
2010s Romanian-language films
2013 drama films


title: Armed Forces Medical Institute

text:
Armed Forces Medical Institute (AFMI) is the premier educational institute of the Army Medical Corps of Bangladesh Army. Immediately after liberation in 1971 to cope with the expansion of Armed Forces and to ensure efficient medical support at all level, it was felt necessary to establish an institute for imparting training to Army Medical Corps, Army Dental Corps and Armed Forces Nursing Services officers and other paramedics on various professional matters. It came into being on 2 January 1976.

Objectives
The ultimate objective is to turn each and every member of AMC, ADC and AFNS into military medical personnel of advanced knowledge and expertise, capable of matching the challenge of handling modern war casualty, as well as peacetime patient care and to impart professional training and run courses for AMC, ADC, AFNS officers and ORS. AFMI is well keeping with the nation building motto of the Government. As a part of its human resource development for the nation and beyond, Nursing Institute of AFMI started conducting BSc (Nursing) and Diploma in Nursing and Midwifery courses to produce nursing staff for national health services.

References

Military education and training in Bangladesh
Bangladesh University of Professionals
1976 establishments in Bangladesh
Educational Institutions affiliated with Bangladesh Army


title: Amanda Cajander

text:
Mathilda Fredrika "Amanda" Cajander, née Nygren (10 January 1827 – 23 February 1871), was a Finnish deaconess and a pioneer within medical care in Finland.

Life
Cajander married the doctor Anders Cajander in 1848 and had two children. In 1856, by the age of 29, however, she was widowed and her children had died. After this loss, Cajander moved to train as a deaconess at the Evangelical Deaconess Institute in Saint Petersburg. The wealthy Finnish philanthropist Aurora Karamsin was familiar with the institute and when she decided to open a deaconess institution in Helsinki she invited Cajander to be its first principal. The institute opened in December 1867, during the great Famine of 1866–68. To begin with, the institute was modest – a small hospital with eight beds, an orphanage and an asylum – and aimed to primarily help women and children and to care for the sick.

In 1869 Cajander founded a children's home in Helsinki.

She is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.

Legacy
Cajander and Karamsin are considered the first Christian philanthropists in Finland, and are credited with introducing the new idea of women having a vocation to work for the church.
The first deaconess educated in Finland became Cecilia Blomqvist. The secular nursing profession for women in Finland did not start until the nursing courses of Anna Broms in the 1880s.

See also
 Maria Cederschiöld (deaconess)

References

External links
 Suomen kansallisbiografia (National Biography of Finland)

1827 births
1871 deaths
Lutheran deaconesses
Finnish philanthropists
Burials at Hietaniemi Cemetery
19th-century Finnish women
19th-century philanthropists


title: Mello Music Group

text:
Mello Music Group (MMG) is an American independent record label based in Tucson, Arizona. Founded in 2007, Mello Music has released hip hop compilations and albums by producers and rappers such as Oddisee, Apollo Brown, Mr. Lif, Ghostface Killah, Open Mike Eagle, L'Orange, Quelle Chris, Jean Grae, Kool Keith, Nottz, Georgia Anne Muldrow, Pete Rock, and Rapper Big Pooh. In 2012, MTV Hive described MMG as having a "dedication to intelligent, street-wise boom bap", although the label has released a number of purely instrumental albums as well. In 2016, Forbes magazine called Mello Music Group the most successful indie rap label of the decade.

History

2007–2010: Founding, first releases
An early form of the label, Mello Mixtapes, was founded by Arizona hip hop fan Michael Tolle in 2004. As a college deejay Tolle releases a series of hip hop mixtapes, also avidly collecting vinyl.

Tolle graduated from the University of Arizona in 2006, and afterwards had founded an educational company that catered to international professors and teachers on sabbatical. After working with the company for a year, he decided he'd prefer working with music. He first founded Mello Music Group in the fall of 2007, using his laptop and cell phone to organize the business from his home in Tucson, Arizona.

According to Tolle, "I started with making one song.  I spent every penny I had to get a Kev Brown beat, a Kenn Starr verse, and Rob Swift on the cuts." Tolle has quoted the Barely Breaking Even Beat Generation Series of albums as an important stylistic influence on Mello Music Group,  and he also studied labels such as Blue Note, Motown, also paying attention to Stones Throw Records and Roc-A-Fella Records. Rap artist Dudley Perkins and the producer Oddisee were also involved in the early business affairs of the label, and were later joined by producer Apollo Brown.

The label started with putting out only a few albums a year; one in 2008 and four in 2009 Tolle has stated that In the Ruff by Diamond District in 2009 was the label's breakthrough album. MTV Hive called the album "Arguably the best hip-hop album ever released in D.C." Singer Georgia Anne Muldrow produced and is featured with Dudley Perkins on an album for Mello Music Group titled SomeOthaShip: Connect Game.

2011–2012: Increased output
The label released nine albums in 2010, and in 2011, the label worked on several dozen projects. Unlike many independent labels, MMG as of 2011 offered regular paychecks to their signed artists as compared to advances, with Tolle stating "we try to provide stability, regular paychecks instead of chunk advances.  This gives a little more peace of mind, and means that everyone is free to work on music... it’s also about making people feel like they have an entire career to develop, not just a fiscal quarter to show results." The company continues to be based in Tucson as of 2011. Oddisee as of 2011 was working as the company's Assistant Director of Operations, while Tolle continued to serve as the company's Director of Operations.

Trophies is the debut collaboration album by D.I.T.C. member O.C. and Detroit, Michigan producer Apollo Brown. It was released on May 1, 2012, by Mello Music Group. The first single was "Prove Me Wrong." Dice Game is a collaborative studio album by Brown and rapper Guilty Simpson. It was released online by Mello Music Group on November 6, 2012, in digital format, and physical copies were made available on November 13, 2012. The record was entirely produced and arranged by Apollo Brown, and features guest appearances from Torae and Planet Asia.

2013–2015
As of 2014 Oddisee continues to produce for the label, often working closely with artists such as rapper Substantial. In early 2014 MMG released the compilation Mandala Vol. 1, Polysonic Flows, which featured a wide variety of their signed artists.

In January 2014 Virginia artist Rapper Big Pooh signed a two-album deal with the label. The first release will be an album produced entirely by Virginia producer Nottz, while the second project will be an EP produced by the label's production roster. In February 2014 it was announced that Chicago rapper Open Mike Eagle, who had been named 2013 Rapper of the Year by Impose Magazine, had signed a three-album deal with Mello Music. The deal led to the release of his album Dark Comedy several months later.

Releases for fall 2014 included a new album from Diamond District (Oddisee, Uptown XO and yU the 78er) called March on Washington and a collaboration album between rapper Ras Kass and producer Apollo Brown called Blasphemy.

Several albums were released in 2015, including Kenn Starr's Square One, the compilation album Persona, Red Pill's Look What This World Did To Us, Open Mike Eagle's A Special Episode Of, Oddisee's The Good Fight, Rapper Big Pooh's Words Paint Pictures (produced by Apollo Brown), L'Orange & Jeremiah Jae's The Night Took Us In Like Family, Georgia Anne Muldrow's A Thoughtiverse Unmarred, Pete Rock's PeteStrumentals 2, L'Orange & Kool Keith's Time? Astonishing!, Finale's Odds & Ends, Verbal Kent's Anesthesia, Apollo Brown's Grandeur, Semi Hendrix's (Ras Kass, Jack Splash) Breakfast At Banksy's, Rapper Big Pooh & Nottz's Home Sweet Home and Red Pill's Day Drunk EP.

In October 2015, veteran rapper Mr. Lif signed to Mello Music Group for an album deal of two new studio albums, plus the reissue of his debut album I Phantom, which was released on November 27, 2015.

2016–Present: Recent Releases
In 2016, Mello Music Group released new albums from Mr. Lif, Ugly Heroes, Oddisee, Open Mike Eagle & Paul White, Lando Chill, Kool Keith, L'Orange, Chris Orrick, and Apollo Brown & Skyzoo.

In 2019, Homeboy Sandman signed to Mello Music Group.

Distribution
From the label's inception, they were distributed by Fat Beats Records. In 2015, Mello Music Group switched distribution to The Orchard.

Style and genres

Mello Music Group has released a number of purely instrumental albums, many of which are the side projects of hip hop producers associated with the label. The label also focuses on the hip hop music of various scenes, including Detroit hip hop. In 2012 MTV Hive described MMG as having "dedication to intelligent, street-wise boom bap... these artists make attainable music that doesn’t find them praising their jewelry or stunting on private jets. Instead, they talk about real-life issues that relate to everyday listeners — paying bills, raising children, and finding inner peace."

Current Artists

 Apollo Brown
 Gensu Dean
 Georgia Anne Muldrow
 Homeboy Sandman
 Joell Ortiz
 Kool Keith
 The Lasso
 Namir Blade
 Oddisee
 Open Mike Eagle
 Paradime
 Quelle Chris
 Seba Kaapstad
 Skyzoo
 Solemn Brigham

Discography

Further reading
Mello Music Group Discography at Discogs
Interviews

Articles
List of Mello Music Articles at AllHipHop

"Top 12 Mellow Music Group Albums" by New Noise Hip Hop. October 19, 2013.

See also
 List of record labels
 Underground hip hop

References

External links

MelloMusicGroup.com
Mello Music Group on Facebook
Mello Music Group on Twitter

Video and audio
Mello Music Group on YouTube
Mello Music Group on Bandcamp
Mello Music Group on SoundCloud

American record labels
Record labels established in 2007
Hip hop record labels
Companies based in Tucson, Arizona


title: Natalia Castrén

text:
Natalia Castrén (1830–1881) was a Finnish culture personality and salon hostess. She belonged to Johan Ludvig Runeberg's social circle and was an important member of the contemporary cultural circles in Finland.

References

1830 births
1881 deaths
19th-century Finnish people


title: Nigerien Action Bloc

text:
The Nigerien Action Bloc (, BNA) was a political party in Niger in 1955 and 1956 led by Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye, a traditional chief and former chairman of the Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN).

History
The party emerged from a split in the Union of Nigerien Independents and Sympathisers (UNIS) in 1955 following an attempt by some UNIS leaders to affiliate the party with the Indépendants d'Outre Mer group in the French parliament. As a result, the majority of the party's members left to form the BNA. The new party affiliated with the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) in Metropolitan France. The symbol of the party was a horse, and its official colour was yellow.

A joint list of BNA and the Nigerien Progressive Union (UPN) of Georges Condat received around 126,000 votes in the January 1956 French parliamentary elections. The list was the most voted-for, finishing in first place in seven provinces, and UPN leader Condat won one of the two seats in the French National Assembly. The UPN later merged into BNA. Following the merger Issoufou Saïdou served as the chairman of BNA, Condat and Sido Yacouba as vice chairmen, Tiémoko Coulibaly as general secretary and Adamou Mayaki as joint secretary.

BNA won four seats in the Niamey municipal polls of November 18, 1956, finishing in third place behind PPN-RDA and the Nigerien Democratic Union (UDN) of Djibo Bakary. With the support of the four BNA councillors, the UDN was able to claim the mayoralty. In Zinder the party finished in second place with nine seats. With the support of the UDN, BNA won the mayoral post in Zinder.

The following day, on November 19, 1956, the BNA merged with the UDN, forming what would soon become the Nigerien branch of the African Socialist Movement (MSA). However, the former (politically moderate) BNA and (politically radical) UDN members would constitute antagonistic factions in the MSA. In 1957 a group of former BNA members revolted against the MSA leadership. Likewise several former BNA leaders supported the 'Yes' vote in the 1958 French constitutional referendum in contrast to Bakary's opposition.

Bibliography
Finn Fuglestad, UNIS and BNA: The Rôle of 'Traditionalist' Parties in Niger, 1948-60, The Journal of African History, Vol. 16, No. 1 (1975), pp. 113–135, Cambridge University Press

References

Defunct political parties in Niger
Political parties established in 1955
Political parties disestablished in 1956
1955 establishments in Niger
1956 disestablishments in Niger


title: Bartolomeo Valiani

text:
Bartolomeo Valiani (Pistoia, 12 March 1793 - Pistoia, 1842) was an Italian painter.

Biography
He was born in Pistoia, but active many years in Bologna, where he initially traveled to train first with his uncle, Giuseppe Valiani, then to study in Rome with a professor at the Accademia Clementina, Pietro Fancelli. He twice won submissions to the Bolognese academy, the Marsili Aldrovandi prizes, in 1797 and 1799, with submissions titled Porzia inghiotte i carboni ardenti and La congiura di Bruto per la morte di Cesare.

He learned architectural drawing and quadratura, and was in demand in Bologna. He traveled for a spell to Parma. He returned to Bologna to become a professor of design at the Collegio Forteguerri.

In 1803-1804 for the Certosa of Bologna, he helped decorate and design the funeral monument to Carlo Mondini, working alongside the ornamentalist Petronio Rizzi. Valiani painted figures for quadratura of Vincenzo Martinelli in the palazzo Agucchi. In 1805, he worked alongside Antonio Basoli and Palagi in the decoration of Palazzo Gozzadini. He also collaborated with Basoli in the decoration of the  Teatro Felicini. In Pistoia, he frescoed the ceiling of a room in Villa Ippoliti, depicting Bacchus and Ariadne;  he also painted a fresco depicting La disfida di Barletta (1842) for the Teatro dè Risvegliati.

References

1842 deaths
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian painters
Painters from Tuscany
Painters from Bologna
1793 births
19th-century Italian male artists


title: 2014 WPSL season

text:
The 2014 Women's Premier Soccer League season is the 18th season of the WPSL.  A total of 72 clubs across 7 conferences and 12 divisions participated in the season.  The Houston Aces made it to their second consecutive WPSL final, but again lost by one goal to a Pac-South team, this time Beach Futbol Club.  Beach FC's 16-0 season in a WPSL record, surpassing the 14-0 record set by Ajax America Women in 2007.

Changes from 2013

Conference/division shifts
The Big Sky North division was dissolved, teams transferring to either the Pacific or new Big Sky conference
The two divisions of the Northwest conference were consolidated together
The Midwest conference split into two divisions, "Central" and "Great Lakes"

New/returning teams

Folded/moved teams

Folded:
Ajax America Women
Bend Timbers
Central California HEAT
Emerald City FC
Fort Wayne FC
Indiana United
Kansas City Shock
New Jersey Blaze
Philadelphia Fever
Quad City Eagles
Spokane Shine
St. George United
Texas FC
Tidewater Sharks
United FC Binghamton
Utah Starzz

Merged:
Storm Sacramento and Storm Elk Grove (back) into California Storm
Moved to W-League:
Gulf Coast Texans
Provisional status:
Lancaster Inferno
Removed midseason:
Lions Swarm

Playoffs

References

Women's Premier Soccer League seasons
United States Adult Soccer Association leagues
2


title: Zero Motivation

text:
Zero Motivation (Hebrew title: אפס ביחסי אנוש, Zero on Interpersonal Relations) is a 2014 Israeli black comedy film directed by Talya Lavie. The film premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival where it received two awards. It was nominated for twelve Ophir Awards, and won six of them including prizes for writer/director Talya Lavie (although it was not awarded Best Film). It was the most successful Israeli film of 2014, seen by 590,000 people in Israel alone.

Plot
Zohar and Daffi are two soldiers trying to serve out their mandatory service with the IDF. On their way back to base after the weekend Daffi bumps into a new girl Tehila and, believing that she is her replacement, takes her under her wing. Daffi and Zohar work menial jobs with Daffi being forced to shred paper. After Daffi trains the new girl she goes to her supervisor Rama and explains that after writing letters to everyone she could trying to get a new position in Tel Aviv they have finally sent a replacement. However Tehila is not a replacement at all but has snuck onto the base to see a boy she slept with and fell in love with. After he rejects her she slits her belly and crawls into bed where she is discovered by the other girls in the morning. Daffi is crushed by her death realizing that she will not be replaced after all. However, when she complains to personnel the officer in charge tells her she herself got transferred by applying to be an officer. Daffi then gets a recommendation from Rama and a boy Zohar has a crush on and is transferred away. She and Zohar part on bad terms.

Left alone, Zohar is teased by the other girls for being a virgin. Irena, one of her co-workers, advises her to sleep with a boy as soon as possible. Zohar takes this advice to heart and flirts with a visiting soldier she meets while guarding the arms, setting up a date with him for the following night. Returning to her dorm room, she climbs into her bunk bed and it breaks. After she refuses to sleep in the only spare bed, where Tehila was found dead, Irena lets her sleep in her bed and sleeps in Tehila's old bed, where she hallucinates in the middle of the night that Tehila is there with her.

The following day Irena behaves bizarrely and the girls begin to believe that there is something wrong with her. Zohar offers to take her to the infirmary but instead prepares for her date with the visiting soldier. However Irena insists on coming on the date and behaves strangely the entire time. When Zohar and her date finally manage to be alone, he aggressively strips off her clothes and when she asks him to be gentle, he tells her she should have gone with a non-combatant. She asks him to stop; he ignores her but is stopped by Irena who pulls his rifle on him and humiliates him before finally letting him go. Once Irena and Zohar return to the office, Rama chastises them for not going to the infirmary. When Zohar explains that she was almost raped and that Irena saved her, Irena claims to have no idea what she's talking about, and Zohar realizes that Tehila's ghost must have left her. Unimpressed, Rama makes Zohar stay in the office all night cleaning. When she returns in the morning she is impressed that the office is spotless but soon finds that Zohar has shredded every record in the department and stuffed them in Rama's office.

As a result of destroying all the records, Zohar is sent to military prison, and Rama is discharged despite wanting to stay in the army and become a career officer. Meanwhile, Daffi finally graduates from officer training and instead of being placed in Tel-Aviv, receives Rama's old position. Despite trying to make the best of the situation Daffi finds that Zohar is insubordinate and rude. After she tries to punish Zohar, Zohar photocopies the old letters that Daffi wrote to try to get off base and posts them all around the base. Daffi in turn tries to delete all the computer game records that she and Zohar used to play together. The two get in a violent fight with staple guns and Daffi wins. However, instead of the games, Daffi accidentally deletes all the recently digitized staff records.

The two are arrested and when Daffi tries to admit her mistake, Zohar takes the blame for it. She is sentenced to more time in military prison while Daffi is demoted to a cushy office job in Tel Aviv. After she gets out of prison Zohar gives up on Minesweeper and becomes addicted to Freecell. She is transferred to the infirmary where she has sex with the soldier responsible for digitizing the military records, who suffered a nervous breakdown after she deleted them. Her service finally comes to an end, as E-mail replaces paper mail. She leaves the army base, helping Daffi draft another plea.

Cast

 Dana Ivgy as Zohar, a soldier who hopes to end her service time fighting boredom with Minesweeper sessions.
 Nelly Tagar as Daffi, a spoiled soldier who tries to transfer to HaKirya base, in glamorous Tel Aviv.
  as Rama, an officer trying to advance her career in spite of her unmotivated crew.
 Heli Twito as Livnat
  as Liat
  as Irena, a soldier of Russian origin.
  as Tehila, a smitten girl passing for a rookie soldier.
 Moshe Ashkenazi as Eithan, Zohar's date.

Production
The idea for Zero Motivation stems from a 2006 short film project from Lavie entitled The Substitute. Dana Ivgy also appeared in The Substitute.

Critical reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an 86% approval rating based on 44 critics, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Darkly funny and understatedly absurd, Zero Motivation is a refreshing addition to the canon of irreverent war comedies — and an intriguing calling card for writer-director Talya Lavie." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Awards
 2014 Tribeca Film Festival: The Founders Award for Best Narrative Feature (top juried award at the festival).
 2014 Tribeca Film Festival: Nora Ephron Prize.
 Grand Prix "Golden Duke" at the 5th Odesa International Film Festival

References

External links

2014 films
2014 comedy-drama films
Israeli comedy-drama films
2010s Hebrew-language films
2014 directorial debut films
Military humor in film
Films about the Israel Defense Forces


title: Jolly Abraham

text:
Jolly Abraham, also known as Jollee Abraham, is an Indian gospel singer and film singer in Malayalam cinema. He sang more than 100 Malayalam movie songs during the 1970s and 1980s. His debut song was  for Chattambikalyani in 1973. He was born in Kumbalam, Eranakulam, and is a graduate in BSc Botany from Sacred Heart College Thevara, Cochin. He has also sung a few Tamil, Telugu and Kannada movie songs. Married with two children, he lives in  Chennai.

Partial filmography

As an actor
 Aakramanam (1981)
 Kilinjalgal (1981) (Tamil movie)
 Aattuvanchi Ulanjappol (1984)

As a singer

 Kaattinkaravaal ... 'Kunjikkaikal (1974)
 Ushassinte Radhathil ... Kunjikkaikal (1974)
 Pandoru Mukkuvan ... Kunjikkaikal (1974)
 Jayikkaanaay Janichavan ... Chattambikkalyaani (1975)
 Bhagavadgeethayum Sathyageetham ... Omanakkunju (1975)
 Rajanigandhi ... Panchami (1976)
 Maanam Potti Veenu ... Paarijaatham (1976)
 Govinda naama Sankeerthanam ... Thuruppugulan
 Sahyaachalathile ... Penpuli (1977)
 Maamalayile Poomaram ... Aparaadhi (1977)
 Kaapaalikare ... Rathimanmadhan (1977)
 Eenam Paadithalarnnallo ... Sneham (1977)
 Enikkippol Paadanam ... Madhuraswapnam (1977)
 Pidichaal Pulinkombil ... Madhuraswapnam (1977)
 Ankavaalillatha ... Pattalaam Jaanaki (1977)
 Ambalappuzha Paalppaayasam ... Parivarthanam (1977)
 Swapna Bhoovil Vellikkudakkeezhe ... "Daaliya Pookkal" (1980)
Singing Christian songs from 1995
Oru Chinna manikkuyilu from the Tamil movie ... Katta Panchayathu (1996)
Nadigai Paarkum Naatagam from the Tamil movie ... Oru Nadigai Natakam Parkiral (1978)
Onnonnanam Kunnathu from the Malayalam Movie ... Chanchattam (1991)
Manjhinte from the Malayalam movie ... Nirvrithi (2003)
Varika nee vasanthame from the Malayalam movie ... Pambaram (1979)
Annushasukal from the Malayalam movie ... Aadipaapam (1989)
Doore Neelavaanam from the Malayalam movie ... Oormakale Vida Tharu (1980)
Indulekha Maranju from the Malayalam movie ... Avivahitharude Swargam (1979)
Annushasukal from the Malayalam movie ...  Aadipaapam (1979)
Nazhikakal Than from the Malayalam movie ... Seetha
Varika nee vasanthame from the Malayalam movie ... Pambaram
Shantha Rathri Thiru rathri from the Malayalam movie ... Thuramukham (1979)
Viswamohini from the Malayalam movie ... Madhurikkunna Raathri (1978)
Anthikkadappurathoru from the Malayalam movie ... Chamayam
Dheemtha Thakka from the Malayalam movie ... Guruvayur Kesavan
AMBALAPPUZHA PAALPPAAYASAM from the Malayalam movie ... Parivarthanam (1977)
Maanishaada from the Malayalam movie ... Arangum Aniyarayum (1980)
Yaa Habbi from the Malayalam movie ... Manithali (1984)
Innathe Pulariyil from the Malayalam movie ... Agni Vyooham (1979)
Kwaja Sheikhin Maqbaraa from the Malayalam movie ... Maniyara (1983)
Allah Allah from the Malayalam movie ... Indradhanussu (1979)
Innuma polladha vetkam from the Tamil movie ... Thiruppangal (1981)
Mangai Endral Vanam Kooda Irangum from the Tamil movie ... Iraivan Kodutha Varam (1978)
Vala kilukkam Kelkkanallo from the Malayalam movie ... Sphodanam (1981)
Ponnurukki Poomalayil from the Malayalam movie ... Penn Simham (1986)
Aakaasha Swapnamo from the Malayalam movie ... Penn Simham (1986)
Bhagavadhgeethayum from the Malayalam ... Omanakkunju (1975)
Aalinganathin from the Malayalam movie ... Iniyathra (1979)
Kaliyugamoru from the Malayalam movie ... Sathrusamhaaram (1978)
Makarasankramaraathriyil from the Malayalam movie ... Kaumarapraayam (1979)
Kaaveri Nadikkarayil Valarnna Kanyakayo from the Malayalam movie ... Kaumarapraayam (1979)
Makarasankramaraathriyil from the Malayalam movie ... Kaumarapraayam (1979)
Aalolalochanakal from the Malayalam movie ... Vellayani Paramu (1979)
Reena Meena - Manmathan Ratchikanum from Tamil Movie ... Oru Thalai Ragam (1980)Enne Njan marannu from the Malayalam movie ... Naayattu (1980)Gomedakam from the Malayalam movie ... Himam (1983)Vilambuvaan Thulumbumee from the Malayalam movie ... Himam (1983)Ezhu Swarangal from the Malayalam movie ... Samudram (1977)Sahyaachalathile from the Malayalam movie ... Penpuli (1977)Malai Raani Mundhaanai from the Tamil movie ...Ore Vaanam Ore Bhoomi (1979)Gangai karaiyil from the Tamil movie ... Geetha Oru Shenbagapoo (1980)Oduvathu Azhagu Ratham Theduvathu Puthiya Mugam from the Tamil movie ... Deiveega Raagangal (1980)Thangaali Bees from the Kannada movie ...onde raktha (1984)Odum Thira Onnam Thira from the Malayalam movie ...Aakkramanam (1981)Manmadan from the Tamil movie ... Oru Thalai Ragam (1980)Adiyenai paaramma pidivaatham yenamma vanakkathirkuria kaathaliye' from Tamil movie Vanakkathirkuria Kaathaliye''

References

External links

 Website Jolly Abraham

Living people
Malayalam playback singers
Tamil playback singers
Indian gospel singers
Indian male playback singers
Film musicians from Kerala
Singers from Kochi
20th-century Indian male actors
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Indian male film actors
20th-century Indian male singers
20th-century Indian singers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Adaline

text:
Adaline may refer to:

Film
The Age of Adaline, a 2015 film, alternative working title Adaline

Places
Adaline, West Virginia
 Adaline Hornbek Homestead, known as Hornbek House, Colorado, U.S.

People
 Adaline Hohf Beery (1859–1929), American writer
 Adaline Glasheen (1920–1993), author and scholar
 Adaline Kent (1900–1957), sculptor
 Adaline Shepherd (1883–1950), composer
 Adaline Emerson Thompson (1859-1951), American educational worker and reformer
 Adaline Weston Couzins (1815–1892), suffragist, American Civil War nurse
 Adaline, musician

Other uses
ADALINE, an artificial neural network


title: Lexington County Courthouse

text:
The Lexington County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at 139 East Main Street in Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina.  This two story masonry building was constructed in 1939 using funds provided by the Public Works Administration, a Depression-era jobs program part of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal.  The building was designed by J. Carroll Johnson and local architect  Jesse W. Wessinger. It exhibits a combination of restrained Classical styling with some Art Deco details that is rare among South Carolina courthouses. It was constructed in the place of the 1884 courthouse, which had been torn down.

The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Lexington County, South Carolina

References

County courthouses in South Carolina
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Greek Revival architecture in South Carolina
Government buildings completed in 1838
Buildings and structures in Laurens County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Laurens County, South Carolina


title: Naalai Unathu Naal

text:
Naalai Unathu Naal () is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language mystery thriller film, written and directed by A. Jagannathan. The film stars Vijayakanth, Nalini and Jaishankar. It is a remake of the Hindi film Gumnaam (1965), itself heavily inspired by Agatha Christie's novel And Then There Were None (1939). The film is about a group of people being murdered one by one while on a free vacation. It was released on 7 September 1984.

Plot

Seven people mysteriously win a free vacation. On the way to their destination, the plane has engine trouble and they are left abandoned in a remote seaside location. They find shelter in a large mansion inhabited by a comical butler Angalamma. One by one, they are murdered and the remaining vacationers try to figure out why they were chosen for the trip and what they have in common.

Cast
Vijayakanth as Arun
Nalini as Kalpana
Jaishankar as Devadas
Senthamarai as Dr. Nagaraj
Sivachandran as Vivekananthan (Prakash)
Goundamani as Varadhan
Sathyaraj as David
V. Gopalakrishnan as Dharmaraj
S. V. Ramadas as Ramanathan
Manorama as Angalamma
Agalya as Rekha
Anuradha in Item Number

Production
Ravi, Vijayakanth's stunt double, died during production, and the film was dedicated to him.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

Reception
Jayamanmadhan of Kalki praised the performance of Manorama, the songs of Ilaiyaraaja but was critical of his re-recording; he felt the reveal of the murderer was lack of spice.

References

External links

1980s mystery thriller films
1980s Tamil-language films
1984 films
Films directed by A. Jagannathan
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Indian mystery thriller films
Tamil remakes of Hindi films


title: Alexander Filimonov

text:
Alexander Filimonov may refer to:

 Alexander Filimonov (Cossack) (1866–1948), ataman of the Kuban People's Republic
 Aleksandr Filimonov (born 1973), association football goalkeeper


title: Yona (film)

text:
Yona () is a 2014 Israeli drama film directed by Nir Bergman. It was nominated for the Ophir Award for Best Film.

Cast
 Naomi Levov
 Michael Moshonov

References

External links

2014 films
2014 drama films
Israeli drama films
2010s Hebrew-language films


title: 2014 Changchun Yatai F.C. season

text:
The 2014 Changchun Yatai F.C. season is Changchun's 9th consecutive season in the Chinese Super League. Changchun will also be competing in the Chinese FA Cup. Manager Šapurić was sacked for the second time by the club after a 2-3 loss to Guangzhou R&F on 20 April. His compatriot Okuka was appointed with a 1+1 contract 6 days later, and made his managerial debut for the club in a 1-3 loss against Harbin Yiteng on 4 May.
Changchun officially stayed up after a 1-1 draw against Hangzhou Greentown in the final game but did not go through the season with many relegation fears. The iconic moment of their 2014 season was that they beat league giant Guangzhou Evergrande home and away, became only the second Chinese team to achieve that, after Guangzhou R&F in 2012.

Competitions

Chinese Super League

League table

Matches

References

External links
Official Site

Changchun Yatai F.C. seasons
Changchun Yatai F.C.


title: Luigi Barlassina

text:
Luigi (Aloysius) Barlassina (30 April 1872, Turin, Italy – 27 September 1947) was a Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.

Biography

Barlassina received his ordination on 22 December 1894 and later became Ph.D. in theology and canon law. In 1911 he worked at the Spiritual College of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in Rome and from 1912 to 1918 at Vicario Curato at the Lateran Basilica. Pope Benedict XV in 1918 appointed him Titular bishop of Capharnaum and appointed him Auxiliary bishop in Jerusalem. He received his episcopal consecration by Cardinal Basilio Pompili on 8 September 1918 in Rome. In 1919 Barlassina became Apostolic Administrator of Jerusalem and he was in 1920 by Pope Pius XI appointed Patriarch of Jerusalem, the only Latin patriarch in the East.

From 1928 until his death in 1947 he was also rector and permanent administrator of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem (though not grand master).

References

External links
 http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbarlass.html

20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
1872 births
1947 deaths
Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Israel


title: Peter Evans (musicologist)

text:
Peter Angus Evans (7 November 1929 – 1 January 2018) was an English musicologist, most noteworthy for his book The Music of Benjamin Britten.

Evans was born in West Hartlepool and received his early education at the local Grammar school. He studied with Arthur Hutchings and A.E.F. Dickinson at Durham University from 1947 to 1951 and gained a first-class BA in 1950. He taught music at Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury (1951–52) before gaining his Fellowship Diploma from the Royal College of Organists in 1952. He was then appointed a lecturer at Durham University in 1953. He graduated with a BMus from Durham in that year and took the MA with a dissertation on 17th-century chamber music manuscripts in Durham Cathedral Library. He was awarded the DMus by the university in 1958. From 1961 to 1990 he was professor of music at the University of Southampton, where two of his many achievements were the creation of a music honours degree course from inauspicious beginnings, and the addition of a fine, purpose-built performance venue, the Turner Sims Concert Hall to the University's campus (1974), in collaboration with the Southampton Institute of Sound and Vibration Research.

After his early studies of viol music, in particular that of John Jenkins, Evans worked mainly on the 20th century, writing articles on Jonathan Harvey, Alan Rawsthorne (for the 1980 edition of The New Grove) and especially on the music of Benjamin Britten. According to Grove, he brought to that subject "an acute analytical mind coupled with an approach in which musical values are firmly assigned first place".

A plaque erected in his memory in the Turner Sims, funded entirely by former students, reads: "Founder of the Department of Music ~
A brilliant musician and outstanding teacher who inspired countless students ~ His vision and drive gave rise to the Turner Sims Concert Hall ~ Remembered with gratitude and affection".

Evans died of severe double pneumonia on 1 January 2018, after a three-year battle with dementia.

Books
"The Vocal Works", Michael Tippett: a Symposium, ed. I. Kemp (London, 1965), 135–61
The Music of Benjamin Britten (London, 1979, 3/1996)
"Synopsis: the Story, the Music not Excluded", Benjamin Britten: Death in Venice, ed. Donald Mitchell (Cambridge, 1987), 76–85
"The Number Principle and Dramatic Momentum in Gloriana", Britten's Gloriana: Essays and Sources, ed. P. Banks (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1993), 77–93
"Instrumental Music, I", Music in Britain: the Twentieth Century, ed. S. Banfield (Oxford, 1995), 179–277

Articles
"Seventeenth-Century Chamber Music Manuscripts at Durham", Music & Letters, xxxvi (1955), 205–23
"Martinů the Symphonist", Tempo, nos.55–6 (1960), 19–33
"Compromises with Serialism", Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association, lxxxviii (1961–2), 1–15
"Britten's 'War Requiem'", Tempo, nos.61–2 (1962), 20–39
"Britten's Cello Symphony", Tempo, nos.66–7 (1963), 2–15
"Musica Theoretica and Musica Practica: a Persistent Dichotomy" (Southampton, 1963) [inaugural lecture]; also pubd in Studies in Music [Australia], iii (1969), 1–16
"Music of the European Mainstream, 1940–1960", The New Oxford History of Music, x (1974), 387–502

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
People from Hartlepool
English musicologists
Academics of the University of Southampton
Alumni of St Cuthbert's Society, Durham
Britten scholars


title: The Farewell Party

text:
The Farewell Party ( Mita Tova) is a 2014 Israeli drama film about the use of a euthanasia device, directed by Tal Granit and Sharon Maymon. It was nominated for the Ophir Award for Best Film. The film was screened in the Venice Days section of the 71st Venice International Film Festival and has been selected to be screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was also screened in the 44th edition of the International Film Festival Rotterdam, reaching the second place in the IFFR audience award.

Cast
 Ze'ev Revach as Yehezkel
  as Yana
  as Rafi
 Levana Finkelstein as Levana
  as Dr. Daniel

Awards and nominations
 Brian Award at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.

References

External links

2014 films
2014 drama films
Israeli drama films
2010s Hebrew-language films


title: Happy Birthday (Loretta Lynn song)

text:
"Happy Birthday (Merry Christmas and Happy New Year)" is a country song written by Ron Kitson, published by Sure-Fire Music, and recorded by Loretta Lynn in the fall of 1964 and released before Christmas of that year on Decca Records as a 45-rpm single.

"Happy Birthday" was not only an instant country hit, but up until Christmas of that year was receiving considerable airplay on pop-rock stations on the east and west coasts of the United States and was a "Pick Hit of the Week" on WWDC, Washington, DC. The song continued its rise up the country charts well into the spring of 1965, reaching #3 on the Billboard Country Charts. "Happy Birthday" spent 15 weeks in the top ten and received a BMI award in 1965.

The song was included on Lynn's 1964 album Songs from My Heart....  and again in 1968 on Lynn's first greatest hits album, as well as appearing on many of Lynn's greatest hits CD collections. According to Kitson, "I first sang the song to Loretta back stage at the Horse Shoe Nightclub where she was appearing in Toronto, Ontario and she wanted a tape of it which she took back to Nashville where she recorded it a few weeks later. She first performed it on the Grand Ole Opry with Connie Smith providing harmony during the DJ Convention in Nashville in October 1964."

Loretta Lynn songs
1965 songs
Songs about birthdays
Songs about birthday parties
American Christmas songs
New Year songs


title: Clanga (bird)

text:
Clanga is a genus which contains the spotted eagles. The genus name is from Ancient Greek klangos, "eagle".

Species

Notes

References

Bird genera
Birds of prey of Eurasia


title: Keiichi Kimura

text:
Keiichi Kimura may refer to:

, Japanese photographer
, Japanese Paralympic swimmer


title: Mirror's Edge Catalyst

text:
Mirror's Edge Catalyst is a first-person action-adventure platform game developed by DICE and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in June 2016. It is a reboot of the 2008 game that focuses on protagonist Faith Connors.

Mirror's Edge Catalyst received mixed reviews from critics upon release, with most reviewers praising the free-running gameplay and visuals, but criticising its storyline and combat system.

Gameplay

Mirror's Edge Catalyst is a first-person action-adventure game in which the player takes control of Faith Connors as she progresses through a futuristic city named Glass. Similar to the original Mirror's Edge, players traverse the city using aspects of urban exploration and parkour movements to complete missions and evade or fight enemies. Players can also make use of environmental objects such as zip-lines and ledges, and equipment; this includes a MAG (Manifold Attachment Gear) Rope and a Disruptor to travel across buildings, disable certain systems (such as large fans or security cameras) and aid Faith during combat. When players mark an objective on their map, Faith's "runner vision" is activated and some scenery items automatically highlight in red. These act as guides to lead players towards their objective. The use of levels and linear gameplay found in the first Mirror's Edge has been replaced with an open world, free-roaming environment. This gives players more freedom in traversal, allowing for the use of multiple paths to reach one's objective. In addition to the campaign's mission, side activities such as time trials, races and environmental puzzles are featured. Additionally, items called GridLeaks can be found across the world that can be collected by players.

Combat mechanics of the game received an overhaul and a new combat system was developed as traversal is greatly emphasised in the game. Also, though only used sparingly in the previous game, Mirror's Edge Catalyst has removed the use of guns by the player altogether, focusing on Faith's running and parkour movements and quick melee-style attacks to take down or evade her enemies. Faith enters focus mode while she is running, and with sufficient focus Faith can evade bullets from enemies. According to Sara Jansson, the senior producer of the game, the combat and fighting featured is an extension to the game's movement instead of a separated set. When Faith is performing a finishing move, the game switches to a third-person perspective.

Mirror's Edge Catalyst contains several multiplayer features, which DICE calls Social Play. While there are no live co-operative multiplayer or side-by-side competitive modes, the game features asynchronous multiplayer in which a player's actions in the game can affect the world for other players' games. Among these are Time Trials which, unlike in the 2008 game, are not pre-defined by DICE. Instead, these checkpoint-to-checkpoint paths are set by any player whereby others can race against them at their leisure for faster times. Players are also able to place Location Emitters for other players to track down, an exploration activity similar to geocaching.

Synopsis

Setting

The game takes place in the dystopian, futuristic city of Glass, the showcase city of the nation of Cascadia, governed by a totalitarian corporatocracy. Cascadian society is highly stratified, and most citizens work for the corporations and are connected to the Grid, a massive social surveillance system digitally connecting everything and everyone in cities like Glass. The corporations are secretly preparing to launch a project, called Reflection, to control the populace through the Grid.

So-called Runners, freelance messengers skilled at parkour, refuse to be connected to the Grid and live on rooftops, making their living from covert delivery jobs while evading corporate security. The game centers around a Runner named Faith, and her efforts to help other Runners overthrow the corporate government and stop Reflection.

Plot
Faith Connors is released from prison and meets with fellow runner Icarus, as well as Runner cabal leader Noah, who raised Faith after the death of her parents. During a data grab, Faith diverges from her orders and retrieves a valuable hard drive, but is seen by Gabriel Kruger, CEO of Kruger Security, or K-Sec. She manages to escape, intending to use the drive's contents to pay her debt to a black market boss. Faith takes the drive to Plastic, a talented hacker, who tells her it contains blueprints for a top-secret project known as Reflection.

While Icarus and Faith are away, K-Sec leads a raid on the Runners' lair and captures or kills everyone present, including Noah. Faith and Icarus, having nowhere to go, turn to Rebecca Thane, leader of Black November, a militant resistance movement. The rebels capture high-ranking K-Sec commander Isabel Kruger, daughter of Gabriel Kruger.

Faith asks Plastic to infiltrate K-Sec servers and gather information about Isabel, who is actually Caitlyn "Cat" Connors, Faith's sister, who was assumed dead. Gabriel Kruger took her in as his adoptive daughter, telling her that Faith was killed along with the rest of her family. Faith races back to the Black November HQ where Thane is preparing to execute Isabel in order to send her father a message. Even though Isabel doesn't seem to remember who Faith is, Faith convinces Thane to save her.

Isabel lets on to Faith that Noah might still be alive and held in a compound. Faith rescues Reflection scientists who were detained there by K-Sec for "asking too many questions." The lead scientist, Aline Maera, explains that Reflection involves injecting the population with nanites that can be remote-controlled to regulate thoughts and emotions. Faith finds Noah who is being experimented on with prototype Reflection nanites, but is too late to prevent his death. Meanwhile at Black November HQ, the rebels are ambushed by K-Sec while moving Isabel above ground. Icarus and the rebels are injected with Reflection nanites.

Plastic and Aline work together to engineer a virus to completely disable Reflection. Faith witnesses a massive explosion at The Shard, the tallest building in all of Glass. Faith goes to the top of The Shard to activate the virus. At the top she is confronted by Gabriel who defends his decision to launch Reflection, saying the nanites are a cure designed to keep Isabel's chronic lung condition at bay, and that the project is about survival rather than control.

They are joined by Isabel who fails to stop the virus. They fight on the helipad, and Isabel accuses Faith of leaving her behind to die, while Faith attempts to remind Isabel of who she really is. Gabriel Kruger appears on a helicopter and begs a hesitating Isabel to come with him. The Shard starts to crumble and Gabriel flies out of the tumbling helicopter. Faith slides to the edge of the helipad but is caught by Isabel. Gabriel calls out for his daughter to save him, and Isabel tells Faith that she "has to" and runs off in his direction. However, as the helicopter rises and flies away, only Isabel is in it, with Gabriel nowhere to be seen.

In the aftermath, it is reported on the news that Isabel will now supersede her missing father as Kruger Security CEO. While there was no uprising in the population, Faith did disable the Reflection launch, thus keeping people safe from Conglomerate control.

Development
The new Mirror's Edge game was officially revealed in June 2013 at the Electronic Arts press event at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2013. It was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in North America on June 7, 2016, and in Europe on June 9. The game was announced soon after as a prequel to Mirror's Edge showcasing the origins of Faith, and uses the Frostbite engine, instead of the Unreal Engine used in the first game. However, at a later date Sara Jansson stated that the game was not seen as either a reboot or a prequel. Electronic Arts also confirmed in 2013 that the game would be an "open-world action adventure". According to DICE's general manager Karl Magnus Troedsson, the game focuses on the first-person combat mechanics building upon the first-person movement mechanics that were present in the first game. As the game features a free-roaming environment, the runner vision from the first game had been completely redesigned to adapt this structure. The runner vision in Catalyst can recalculate the path for players towards their objectives or waypoints.

The game was featured at E3 for a second time in June 2014, and prototype gameplay was briefly shown. Mirror's Edge Catalyst has more varied gameplay for Faith and Runners, where they serve a greater purpose than in the first game. In January 2014, writer Rhianna Pratchett announced on Twitter that she would not be involved with the new game and neither would most of the original team. Mirror's Edge was confirmed to have a planned release date of February 23, 2016 before it was delayed.

The title Mirror's Edge Catalyst was formally announced in June 2015 prior to E3 2015; DICE product manager Sara Jansson affirmed that the game is not a sequel but would delve into more of Faith's past while expanding on the original game's first-person perspective experience. On June 15, at E3, and later on the Mirror's Edge YouTube channel, DICE released a new trailer for Mirror's Edge Catalyst, revealing elements of the game's storyline and environment. It was confirmed that the game would feature an open-world design and Faith would no longer be able to use guns.

On September 30, 2015, it was announced that the soundtrack composer for the original Mirror's Edge, Solar Fields would again compose for Catalyst. He collaborated with Scottish synthpop band Chvrches to create an original song for the game's soundtrack entitled "Warning Call".

On October 29, 2015, it was announced that the game had been delayed until May 24, 2016 to allow additional development time and for DICE to refine the traversal gameplay. On April 21, 2016, it was announced that the game had been delayed until June 7, 2016, to allow optimisation and perfection of Social Play. The game's Collector Edition was released alongside the main game. It included a figurine of Faith, a steel book, a lithograph, temporary tattoos, and a storage box.

A prequel comic book called Mirror's Edge: Exordium, leading towards the storyline of Mirror's Edge Catalyst, was published on September 9, 2015, by Dark Horse Comics. In May 2016, Endemol Shine North America announced that they are producing a TV show based on the Mirror's Edge franchise. However, nothing has been said about it since.

Reception

The game was the second best-selling retail game in the UK in its first week of release, only behind Overwatch. In its second week of release, the game became the sixth best-selling retail game of the week.

According to review aggregation website Metacritic, Mirror's Edge Catalyst received "mixed or average" reviews from critics. Chris Carter from Destructoid gave the game a positive review, commending the focus on open world gameplay, saying that the game "nails" exploration and parkour movement. He felt that because the gameplay was fun overall, players could spend an endless amount of time roaming the game world. Carter also called the overall visuals "beautiful" and felt that the design of the environments help create a world that is full of life. Carter disliked the story, however, for being predictable and featuring unlikeable supporting characters but said it was forgivable because players are able to ignore it and focus on the gameplay aspects.

While citing the movement system as a positive and the combat mechanics as a negative, Spencer Campbell concluded his review for Electronic Gaming Monthly with: "Mirror's Edge Catalyst has a strong core built by its movement system, but when it comes time to do anything else than run from point A to point B, you'll probably be more inclined to run away."

Game Informers Ben Reeves summarised his review with: "The original Mirror's Edge is an overlooked gem from last generation, but even diehard fans will have trouble finding the diamonds in this rough." Reeves disliked the design of the game's environments, calling them "barren" and "lifeless", criticised the melee combat for feeling like a chore, stated that the soundtrack lacked defining characteristics, called the main story "rushed", and felt that the side-content was "boring".

Game Revolution's Peter Paras called the game's environments "gorgeous" and "unique", commended the large amount of content, and praised the visuals of the cutscenes. Paras thought that the gameplay was "unintuitive" and "clunky", however, and hated the story and characters. Paras also experienced some technical issues, thought that character animations were "poor", and said that the design of the menus was "strange".

Scott Butterworth of GameSpot gave particular praise to the movement mechanics, saying that they consistently wowed him throughout the entire game and made up for the various shortcomings he experienced. Butterworth also liked the varied mix of side-content and called the open world exploration "rewarding". Butterworth's main criticisms were concerning the "mediocre" story and the "clunky" combat.

GamesRadar's Leon Hurley stated: "Mirror's Edge Catalyst is an interesting game with some strong ideas but not enough variety." Hurley praised the visuals but called the combat "terrible". Ryan McCaffrey for IGN summarised his review with: "Mirror's Edges return shines in some regards, but is ultimately a disappointment." McCaffrey complimented the user-generated content and parkour gameplay but criticised the story and characters, as well as the "uneven" combat and inconsistent visuals.

Arthur Gies of Polygon wrote: "I imagine most players will happily bounce from side mission to delivery to grid node and back again, content to do what Mirror's Edge has always been best at: constantly moving forward and up. And once you can focus on that, Mirror's Edge Catalyst is a flawed, but often great breath of something different and exciting in an open-world landscape full of the same old thing."

References

External links

2016 video games
3D platform games
Action-adventure games
Digital Illusions CE games
Electronic Arts games
First-person adventure games
Frostbite (game engine) games
Hacking video games
Mirror's Edge
Nanotechnology in fiction
Open-world video games
Parkour video games
PlayStation 4 games
Transhumanism in video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video game reboots
Windows games
Xbox Cloud Gaming games
Xbox One games
Dystopian video games
Video games about mass surveillance
Video games set in a fictional country
Fiction about mind control


title: Village of Secrets

text:
Village of Secrets: Defying the Nazis in Vichy France is a 2014 book by Caroline Moorehead.

Content
The book is a narrative regarding the role of residents of the French village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, located in the mountains of the eastern Massif Central, in helping to secure the lives of Jewish people during the Second World War. According to Moorehead, villagers secured the survival of 800 Jewish refugees by hiding them and also enabled another 3,000 to get across the French border and secure safety in Switzerland. The figures involved represented the highest proportion of Jewish residents saved out of all of France at the time. The work of those who helped save them was achieved at enormous risk to their own lives. It was achieved in the face of more and more danger and risk as time went on during the war, with the introduction of a convalescent home for wounded German soldiers in the area at one point, along with more intransigent behaviour from the Germans as the Allies progressed through France towards the end of the conflict.

Organisations that were crucial in the process of helping people to survive included the Organisation de Secours aux Enfants and Cimade. The latter was a mainly Protestant organisation, which is related to one of the wider factors that helped ensure that people tried to secure the safety of the Jews: there was a long tradition in the area of Protestantism, including a Huguenot and Darbyist history, which had suffered persecution itself.

The questions of morality that arise from the story are particularly important given the view propagated by Jacques Chirac that Chambon was in fact "our country's conscience". Moorehead places the story in the context of the wider anti-semitism of the Vichy government and the Milice française, arguing against what she perceives as a recent tendency to minimise collaboration between the French and the Nazi regime and asserting that by interning Jewish people, the Vichy regime had "made it far easier for the Germans to do their work”.

Reception
Moorehead's work was shortlisted for the 2014 Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction. The work was widely praised by literary critics.  In addition to those cited above, Louis Begley used the book as the basis for a review article about Vichy France and the Jews. Yale historian, Carolyn Dean, writes, that Moorehead  "has done us the great service of unveiling the real lives behind the myth and in demonstrating that fallible human beings are far more interesting and dramatic figures than those who make up the stuff of legends.".

Despite this, the book has also been severely criticised by Pierre Sauvage, whose 1989 film Weapons of the Spirit told the story of Protestant pastors André Trocmé and  and their role in the resistance effort. Sauvage accuses it of misrepresenting witness accounts. Caroline Moorehead has replied to the criticism: She points out the problems of reconciling memory and history, particularly after 70 years. "I chose to think that by taking immense care to document every step of the way I would be able to steer safely between the conflicting truths. I was wrong. I have been shocked by the malice and personal nature of the attacks."

References

External links
 Caroline Moorehead on Village of Secrets: ‘I received warnings’
 Does 'Village of Secrets' Falsify French Rescue During the Holocaust?
 Chambon.org: Caroline Moorehead's new book Village of Secrets

2014 non-fiction books
Chatto & Windus books
Books about World War II


title: Clifford Clark

text:
William Clifford Clark, CMG (April 18, 1889 – December 27, 1952) was a Canadian professor, economist, and civil servant.

He earned his MA from Queen's University receiving honours in Latin, French, English, History, and Political and Economic Science. He did graduate studies in economics with F. W. Taussig at Harvard. He returned to teach at Queen's in 1915, where he became the first head of the Commerce program in 1919. In 1921, Clark left to work for American investment firm S. W. Straus and Company, returning to Queen's after the company went bankrupt in the Great Depression.

At the instigation of Oscar D. Skelton, Clark wrote a well-received memorandum on monetary policy for the 1932 British Empire Economic Conference in Ottawa. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Deputy Minister in the Department of Finance by R. B. Bennett, a position he held until his death in 1952. As deputy minister, he helped to establish the Bank of Canada in 1934,  chaired the World War II Economic Advisory Committee, and helped convince Mackenzie King to adopt the 1944 Family Allowance Bill. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1935.

Works
 1918: (with Eric Walter Zimmerman) Foreign Trade and Shipping, volume 15 in Modern Business series of Alexander Hamilton Institute, New York, link from Internet Archive.
 In Bulletin of the Department of History and Political Science at Queen's University:
 1916: The country elevator in the Canadian West
 1918: Should maximum prices be fixed?
 1921: Business cycles and the depression of 1920-1.

References

 Robert Wardhaugh, Behind the Scenes: the Life and Work of William Clifford Clark (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010)
 J.L. Granatstein, The Ottawa Men: The Civil Service Mandarins 1935-1957 (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1982)
 Clifford Clark at The Canadian Encyclopedia

External links
 Clifford Clark at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1889 births
1952 deaths
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Canadian economists
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Presidents of the Canadian Political Science Association
20th-century political scientists
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry


title: Heriberto Díaz

text:
Heriberto Díaz (born 5 January 1942) is a former Mexican cyclist. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
Mexican male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Mexico
Cyclists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Jalisco
Pan American Games medalists in cycling
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Mexico
Cyclists at the 1967 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1967 Pan American Games
20th-century Mexican people
21st-century Mexican people


title: Frank Duck Brings 'Em Back Alive

text:
Frank Duck Brings 'Em Back Alive is a 1946 animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. In this installment of the Donald & Goofy series, Donald Duck appears as "Frank Duck", a jungle explorer determined to capture a live "wild man", played by Goofy. The film was directed by Jack Hannah and features the voices of Clarence Nash as Donald and Pinto Colvig as Goofy.

The character Frank Duck and the title of the film are spoofs of Frank Buck and his 1930 book Bring 'Em Back Alive which was adapted into a 1932 documentary film.

Plot
Goofy appears as a wild man living in an African jungle, gracefully swinging from vine to vine (a nod to Tarzan).

Employed by the Ajax Circus, Frank Duck (Donald) arrives in the jungle on a river boat in search of a wild man. After Goofy bungles an attempt to kill Frank, Frank presents the illiterate wild man with a contract which the wild man eventually eats. Frank tries to capture the wild man and put him into a cage, but the wild man escapes, seemingly unintentionally, and helps Frank load the empty cage onto his boat.

Upon realizing his mistake, Frank angrily returns with the cage and continues to chase the wild man until he chases him into a lion's den. Viewing them as food, the lion walks into the den and starts chasing them. In the ensuing chaos, Frank and the wild man find themselves wearing each other's clothes. The lion chases them back to Frank's boat, which the wild man hops into and drives away, leaving Frank to be chased by the lion.

Voice cast
 Donald Duck: Clarence Nash
 Goofy: Pinto Colvig

Releases
1946 – theatrical release
1992-2000 – Donald's Quack Attack: episode 5

Home media
The short was released on December 6, 2005, on Walt Disney Treasures: The Chronological Donald, Volume Two: 1942-1946.

Notes

External links
Frank Duck Brings 'em Back Alive at The Encyclopedia of Animated Disney Shorts
Frank Duck Brings 'em Back Alive at the Internet Movie Database
Frank Duck Brings 'Em Back Alive at the Big Cartoon DataBase

1946 animated films
1946 films
1940s Disney animated short films
1946 adventure films
Donald Duck short films
Goofy (Disney) short films
Films directed by Jack Hannah
Films produced by Walt Disney
Films scored by Oliver Wallace
Films about hunters
Films set in Africa
Jungle adventure films


title: Finite Legendre transform

text:
The finite Legendre transform (fLT) transforms a mathematical function defined on the finite interval into its Legendre spectrum.
Conversely, the inverse fLT (ifLT) reconstructs the original function from the components of the Legendre spectrum and the Legendre polynomials, which are orthogonal on the interval [−1,1]. Specifically, assume a function x(t) to be defined on an interval [−1,1] and discretized into N equidistant points on this interval. The fLT then yields the decomposition of x(t) into its spectral Legendre components,

where the factor (2k + 1)/N serves as normalization factor and Lx(k) gives the contribution of the k-th Legendre polynomial to x(t) such that (ifLT)

The fLT should not be confused with the Legendre transform or Legendre transformation used in thermodynamics and quantum physics.

Legendre filter
The fLT of a noisy experimental outcome s(t) and the subsequent application of the inverse fLT (ifLT) on an appropriately truncated Legendre spectrum of s(t) gives a smoothed version of s(t). The fLT and incomplete ifLT thus act as a filter. In contrast to the common Fourier low-pass filter which transmits low frequency harmonics and filters out high frequency harmonics, the Legendre lowpass transmits signal components proportional to low degree Legendre polynomials, while signal components proportional to higher degree Legendre polynomials are filtered out.

References

Further reading

Discrete transforms
Digital signal processing
Numerical analysis


title: Henry Southern (journalist)

text:
Henry Southern (1799–1853) was an English journalist and diplomat, best known as the founder of the Retrospective Review.

Early life
Born in York, he was the son of Richard Southern. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, on 31 December 1814, graduated B.A. in 1819 and proceeded M.A. in 1822. He became a member of the Middle Temple, but was not called to the bar.

Journalist
Interested in early English literature, Southern in 1820 founded the Retrospective Review, which he edited on his own till 1826, by which time 14 volumes had been published. Between 1826 and 1828 two more were issued by him with Nicholas Harris Nicolas. The Review provided criticisms on "scarce old books", mainly of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Two more volumes of another series of the title were published in 1853–4.

When Jeremy Bentham founded the Westminster Review in 1824, Southern was for a time co-editor with John Bowring; and in 1825 he became proprietor and editor of the second series of the later London Magazine. He was also a contributor to The Atlas at its beginning, and to The Spectator and The Examiner.

Diplomat
In 1833 Southern accompanied the English ambassador, George William Frederick Villiers to Spain as his private secretary. He was then placed on the diplomatic staff, and, after remaining some years at Madrid, was appointed secretary to the legation at Lisbon.

In 1848 Southern became minister to the Argentine Confederation, and in 1851 was promoted to the court of Brazil, and received the insignia of a Companion of the Bath. He died at Rio de Janeiro on 28 January 1853.

Notes

Attribution

1799 births
1853 deaths
English male journalists
British diplomats
People from York
English male non-fiction writers
Journalists from Yorkshire


title: Mark Fleischmann

text:
Mark Fleischmann (born 31 January 1972) is an English actor.

Background
Mark Fleischmann was born in 1972 and grew up in Hampstead Garden Suburb. After graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama in London, Fleischmann appeared in several films, television series and theater plays. His acting career began in Edinburgh, where he played a hyena in the Lion King musical. After it he organised and ran comedy club nights in British pubs. In 2008, Fleischmann played a main role in The Collector, which was shown at the Arcola Theatre in London. In 2010, he played the recurring character Lloyd Pinky in the TV series Being Human and fronted the Being Human website. In 2011, he produced his own show which could be seen at The Enterprise in London. In 2013, he played a main role in the theater play Marriage at the Belgrade Theatre. From 2012–2017, he portrayed the recurring character Mr. Jeffries in the British television series Wolfblood.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web series

Music videos

References

External links

1972 births
English male television actors
Living people
English male film actors
21st-century English male actors
Actors from Hampstead
Male actors from London
Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama