title: Hud Rickit

text:
Haydn "Hud" Rickit (born 19 February 1951) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A lock, Rickit represented Auckland and Waikato at a provincial level, and also played for Australian state side Queensland in 1974. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, playing two test matches against Scotland during their 1981 tour of New Zealand.

References

1951 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Auckland rugby union players
Queensland Reds players
Waikato rugby union players
Sportspeople from Taupō
Rugby union locks
Māori All Blacks players
People educated at Taupo-nui-a-Tia College
Hud
Rugby union players from Waikato


title: Modulatricidae

text:
Modulatricidae is a small family of passerine birds which are restricted to Africa.

These species have been taxonomic enigmas in the past, having been moved between the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae, and Timaliidae sensu lato; they are now known to form a clade sister either to the sugarbirds or to the majority of Passeroidea.

Species
 Genus: Modulatrix
 Spot-throat, Modulatrix stictigula
 Genus: Arcanator
 Dapple-throat, Arcanator orostruthus
 Genus: Kakamega
 Grey-chested babbler, Kakamega poilothorax

References


title: Gypsonoma mica

text:
Gypsonoma mica is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China and Russia.

References

Moths described in 1966
Eucosmini


title: Films about intersex

text:
Intersex, in humans and other animals, describes variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Intersex is a part of nature and that is reflected in some representations of intersex in film and other media.

Documentary films about intersex

Hermaphrodites Speak!
Hermaphrodites Speak! (1997) is a 30-minute documentary film from the United States in which several intersex people at the first retreat of the Intersex Society of North America discuss their lives and the medical treatment and parenting they received.

XXXY
In 2000, Porter Gale, Masters in Documentary Film and Video from Stanford University, and Laleh Soomekh, produced XXXY, a documentary revealing intersex individuals'  and medical professional's opinions on the surgical procedures done on them, while providing a medical professional's opinion as well. The film clearly shows the dissatisfaction and the painful repercussions for the children who went through sex reassignment surgeries.

One in Two Thousands
One in Two Thousand (2006) produced by Ajae Clearway features intersex individuals and their experiences with surgeries, and advocates for informed consent.

Orchids, My Intersex Adventure
Australian documentary filmmaker Phoebe Hart directed the 2010 autobiographical documentary Orchids, My Intersex Adventure of her personal experience as an intersex person. It explores the various social scenarios faced by many intersex individuals.

Intersexion
Grant Lahood's 2012 documentary Intersexion follows  Mani Bruce Mitchell of Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand (ITANZ) as they visit intersex people in America, Ireland, Germany, South Africa and Australia. It was awarded the Best Feature Documentary award at the Documentary Edge Festival, presented by . The film was directed by Grant Lahood.

The General Was Female?
The General Was Female?, a 2019 film about American Revolutionary War General Casimir Pulaski which asserts that he was intersex.

She's Not a Boy
Robert Tokanel and Yuhong Pang directed this 2019 documentary film about the life of Tatenda Ngwaru, an intersex woman who immigrated from Zimbabwe to the United States. It chronicles the joys and challenges she faces in asylum status, relationship with family, medical care, identity, and the LGBTQIA community.

Stories of Intersex and Faith
The result of scholarship and interviews about the theology, biology, and personal lives of intersex people, this documentary provides a lens into the diversity of intersex people's experiences and how intersex identity intersects with different contexts.

Fiction films about intersex

Ponyboi
Ponyboi is a USC Graduate thesis film written and directed by River Gallo. It follows a young intersex runaway in New Jersey, looking for love in all the wrong places.

After running away from home, Ponyboi (a disarming and troubled high school drop out) now works at Bubble-Land Laundromat—a grungy 24-hour establishment on the wrong side of town. To make ends meet he hustles as a sex-worker within the laundromat. He works with Vinny (his manager, pimp, and Eminem-wannabe) and Angel (Vinny's glamour-trash girlfriend).

Ponyboi is a your typical Jersey boy; he loves Bruce Springsteen, the Jersey shore, and a well-rolled blunt. And like all Jersey boys, Ponyboi dreams of getting the hell out of Jersey. However, he believes the only way to do that is by meeting his Prince Charming.

Ponyboi's life changes on a lonely Valentine's day night, when a debonaire cowboy whom he's dreamed about visits him in the laundromat. Through this enchanting encounter with the man of his dreams (literally), Ponyboi discovers that perhaps he is worthy of breaking free from his past and leaving his dead-end life behind.

Tintomara
Tintomara, a 1970 Swedish-Danish drama film. It is based on the novel Drottningens juvelsmycke by Jonas Love Almqvist and features one of Swedish literature's most enduringly popular characters, the eponymous androgyne Tintomara.

The Mystery of Alexina
The Mystery of Alexina, a 1985 French film based on the story of Herculine Barbin.

XXY
The 2007 Argentine film XXY centres around a young intersex person assisted in presenting as a girl by medication. The film deals with discrimination, sexuality and gender identity.

Both
A 2005 US/Peruvian film in English, Both by filmmaker Lisset Barcellos, won an audience award at the 28th Créteil International Women's Film Festival. The movie is unusual for being a film about an intersex issue directed by an intersex person.

Spork
Spork, a 2011 musical comedy, written and directed by J.B. Ghuman Jr. in which a frizzy-haired, pink-cheeked outcast named Spork tries to navigate her way through junior high.

Predestination
Predestination, a 2014 Australian science fiction thriller film, directed and written by Michael and Peter Spierig. The film is based on the Robert A. Heinlein short story "All You Zombies".

Being Impossible
Being Impossible, or Yo, imposible is a 2018 Venezuelan-Colombian film about a woman who has never felt like she fits in and whose intersex identity has been hidden from her in a Venezuela that doesn't talk about deviance and a religious family that enforces strict gender roles.

Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis, a 2019 Philippine coming of age drama where an intersex teenager brought up as a boy called Adam in a conservative religious family. After having the shock of his/her first period and what follows is that he/she discovers who they really are, testing both the physical and emotional strains on the family.. Directed by JE Tiglao, starring Gold Aceron and Ricky Davao

See also
 Literature about intersex
 Television works about intersex
 Intersex characters in fiction

References

Intersex
Intersex-related lists


title: Gibberifera similis

text:
Gibberifera similis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shaanxi, China.

References

Moths described in 1971
Eucosmini


title: Arisaema pusillum

text:
Arisaema pusillum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name pusillum, which means "very small, slender", describes the overall size of the plant relative to that of the more common Arisaema triphyllum. It is commonly known as the small Jack-in-the-pulpit (or small Jack). It is sometimes referred to as the swamp Jack, not to be confused with Arisaema stewardsonii, which is also known by that name.

Description
Arisaema pusillum is a herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant growing from a corm. Like other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has three leaflets per leaf. Throughout most of its range, it is a relatively small plant, seldom over  tall. In Georgia and Florida, it can reach up to  tall, but some botanists refer to the latter as Arisaema acuminatum.

Similar species
The overall habit and character of Arisaema pusillum is very similar to that of Arisaema stewardsonii but the latter is easily distinguished by its strongly fluted spathe tube. Arisaema pusillum is less like Arisaema triphyllum sensu stricto, but since a diagnostic character is lacking, the two species are more difficult to distinguish in practice. The following table of characters compares the three species side-by-side:

Taxonomy
Arisaema pusillum was first described as Arisaema triphyllum var. pusillum by Charles Horton Peck in his Report of the State Botanist of 1897. Peck's description was based on a specimen collected by Fred Thorne in Millbrook, New York, also in 1897. The variety was given species rank by the American botanist George Valentine Nash in 1901. , the name Arisaema pusillum  is widely recognized.

Arisaema pusillum is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa that also includes Arisaema acuminatum, Arisaema quinatum, Arisaema stewardsonii, and Arisaema triphyllum. , some authorities consider Arisaema pusillum to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum or A. triphyllum subsp. pusillum, However, most authorities accept Arisaema pusillum and the other species-level members of the complex.

Distribution and habitat
Arisaema pusillum is found primarily in the eastern United States, from Louisiana and Mississippi, northward to New York and southern New England. Some sources claim that it occurs as far north as Ontario and Quebec in eastern Canada, while others claim its range extends to New York and southeastern Connecticut but no further. In the southeastern United States, it is common throughout the Appalachian Mountains, from northern Alabama to West Virginia.

Conservation
The global conservation status of Arisaema pusillum is unknown. Based on the conservation status of Arisaema triphyllum subsp. pusillum, it may be inferred that Arisaema pusillum is globally secure (G5). It is uncommon (or worse) in New York (S3?), Quebec (S2?), Illinois (S1S2), and West Virginia (S1).

References

Bibliography

External links

pusillum
Flora of the Eastern United States
Plants described in 1897
Taxa named by George Valentine Nash
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Arisaema stewardsonii

text:
Arisaema stewardsonii is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name stewardsonii honors American botanist Stewardson Brown (1867–1921). It is commonly known as the bog Jack-in-the-pulpit (or bog Jack). It is sometimes referred to as the swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit, not to be confused with Arisaema pusillum, which is also known by that name.

Description
Arisaema stewardsonii is a herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant growing from a corm. Like other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has three leaflets per leaf. Its spathe tube is strongly fluted (ridged), the only member of the complex with this distinctive character.

Taxonomy
Arisaema stewardsonii was first described and named by Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1901. Earlier that year, its type specimen was collected in Tannersville, Pennsylvania by Stewardson Brown, Eugene Pintard Bicknell, and Britton. The author referred to the type as Stewardson Brown's Indian turnip.

Arisaema stewardsonii is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa that also includes Arisaema acuminatum, Arisaema pusillum, Arisaema quinatum, and Arisaema triphyllum. , some authorities consider Arisaema stewardsonii to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum or A. triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii. However, most authorities accept Arisaema stewardsonii and the other species-level members of the complex.

Distribution and habitat
Arisaema stewardsonii was originally found in eastern Pennsylvania growing in wet woods among Sphagnum mosses, hence the name bog Jack-in-the-pulpit. It occurs primarily in the northeastern United States and the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada, ranging southward to the mountains in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, and westward to Ohio. Being the most northern taxon of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it is sometimes called the northern Jack-in-the-pulpit.

Conservation
The global conservation status of Arisaema stewardsonii is unknown. Based on the conservation status of Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii, it may be inferred that Arisaema stewardsonii is globally secure (G5). It is uncommon (or worse) in North Carolina (S3), Ohio (S3), District of Columbia (S1S3), and New Jersey (S2).

References

Bibliography

stewardsonii
Flora of Eastern Canada
Flora of the Northeastern United States
Plants described in 1901
Taxa named by Nathaniel Lord Britton
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Arisaema acuminatum

text:
Arisaema acuminatum is a species of flowering plant in the arum family Araceae. It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name acuminatum means "with a long, narrow and pointed tip", which describes the shape of the spathe hood. The species is commonly known as the Florida Jack-in-the-pulpit.

Description
Arisaema acuminatum is a herbaceous, perennial, flowering plant growing from a corm. Like other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has three leaflets per leaf. Its spathe hood is wholly green, "over twice as long as broad", with a long-acuminate tip.

Taxonomy
Arisaema acuminatum was first described and named by John Kunkel Small in 1903. Its type specimen was collected in Clearwater, Florida, a city on Florida's west coast. At the time, Small believed that the species was endemic to Florida.

Arisaema acuminatum is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely related taxa that also includes Arisaema pusillum, Arisaema quinatum, Arisaema stewardsonii, and Arisaema triphyllum. , most authorities consider Arisaema acuminatum to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum or A. triphyllum var. acuminatum. A few authorities accept Arisaema acuminatum and the other species-level members of the complex.

Distribution and habitatArisaema acuminatum occurs primarily in Central Florida, hence the common name Florida Jack-in-the-pulpit. Its range extends southward into the Florida peninsula and northward along the coast of eastern Georgia. It is claimed to occur in east Texas as well, but confirmation of that claim is needed.

Conservation
The global conservation status of Arisaema acuminatum'' is unknown.

References

Bibliography

External links

acuminatum
 Flora of Florida
 Flora of Georgia (U.S. state)
Plants described in 1903
Taxa named by John Kunkel Small
Flora without expected TNC conservation status


title: Forest frog (disambiguation)

text:
The forest frog (Platymantis) is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae found in the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and in the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.

Forest frog may also refer to:

 Assam forest frog (Hylarana leptoglossa), a frog in the family Ranidae native to Bangladesh, northeastern India, Myanmar, western Thailand, and Bhutan
 Bahia forest frog (Macrogenioglottus alipioi), a frog in the family Odontophrynidae endemic to Brazil
 Emerald forest frog (Hylorina sylvatica), a frog in the family Batrachylidae found in Argentina and Chile
 Forest night frog (Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus), a frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae endemic to India
 Forest rain frog (Breviceps sylvestris), a frog  in the family Brevicipitidae endemic to Limpopo, South Africa
 Rattray's forest frog (Anhydrophryne rattrayi), a frog in the family Pyxicephalidae endemic to the Eastern Cape of South Africa
 Schmidt's forest frog (Hydrolaetare schmidti), a frog in the family Leptodactylidae found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, and Peru

See also

 Forest stream frog (disambiguation)
 Forest tree frog (disambiguation)

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA

text:
The 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA () is a Canadian Army Reserve artillery regiment based in Saint John, New Brunswick. It is part of the 5th Canadian Division's 37 Canadian Brigade Group.

The Loyal Company of Artillery of the City of Saint John was formed on May 4, 1793 after New Brunswick passed its first Militia Act in 1792 in response to the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. Since that historic founding The Loyal Company of Artillery formed the core of a body of militia artillery that has existed in the province right up to the present day in the form of 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. For much of the 20th century the Regiment proudly carried "The Loyal Company" designation as part of its title, perpetuating the connection to Canada's oldest artillery unit. The Loyal Company was the first of several militia artillery companies, renamed batteries in the later nineteenth century, formed in  for the defence of the colony's main port and border towns from outside threat.

History

War of 1812

The threat of war with the United States proved real enough in 1812 that New Brunswick militia artillery detachments were activated as part of the 1st and 2nd Battalions to man newly built shore batteries in overlooking the Passamaquoddy Bay and the coast of disputed territory in what is now the State of Maine. Throughout the War of 1812 other detachments of militia artillerymen built and manned defences alongside British regular gunners.

The New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery

Saint John's importance as the key all-season port of entry into British North America then  meant that the city garrison was always armed and provisioned for defense from the sea. Artillery was central to that defense, making the garrison a logical focal point for the training and equipping of militia artillery from across the province. In 1838 militia artillery companies throughout the province were unified as the New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery. The core and headquarters of this force was the original Loyal Company and the gun batteries defending the harbour. Indeed, the NB Regiment of Artillery was formed to man those vital defenses when the British regular artillery garrison marched west in response to the Rebellions of 1837 and 1838 in Upper Canada. That same year, the Regiment was called on to dispatch a troop of artillery to during the border dispute known as the  War of 1838-39. Despite funding shortages, the Regiment continued to maintain a high standard of readiness and artillery skill-at-arms largely due to a continuation of the same volunteer spirit that inspired the Loyal Company of Artillery. That readiness was apparent in 1866 during the Fenian Raids when the Regiment manned the gun batteries around  and along the border. A decade later, they once again stood guard at the nation's coastal defenses during the 1878 war scare. They also came to the aid of the civil powers during the Saint John Great Fire of 1877 using their specialist skills in handling high explosives to blow down walls for a fire break. These dramatic highlights as well as more routine mustering for summer training camps and ceremonial occasions established the Regiment of Artillery as a proud and well-known element of the defence forces. The province of New Brunswick and the City of Saint John recognized the many contributions of this regiment when it celebrated the founding of the Loyal Company with a grand centennial ball in May 1893.

20th Century

In 1895, as part of a wave of Canadian defense modernization and national organization, the unit was first identified with its modern numerical designation and named the 3rd (New Brunswick) Regiment of Canadian Garrison Artillery. It counted among its members Lieutenant-Colonel C.W. Drury, considered to be the father of Canada's modern artillery. Drury commanded The Canadian Brigade of Artillery during the South African War, which included a troop of gunners from the Regiment's 89th Battery in Woodstock. LCol Drury was himself the grandson of LCol Richard Hayne, the Regiment's first commanding officer at the time of formation in 1838. So began the new 20th century reputation for excellence not only for manning defenses at home but also for raising well-trained artillerymen for overseas service.

The Great War, 1914-1918

The day after war broke out in August 1914 the Regiment barged its 4.7inch heavy guns to protect the mouth of the Saint John harbour . For the duration of the war, the Regiment stood on guard against the threat of German cruisers and submarines on Canada's east coast. The unit's heavy guns and experienced artillerymen also served to train thousands of volunteers from New Brunswick and eastern Canada for service in the Canadian Corps Heavy Artillery formed in 1916. The Regiment also contributed personnel to the 2nd Divisional Ammunition Column and the 1st Canadian Heavy Battery, among them future commanding officers LCol "Harry" Harrison and Major Cyrus Inches.

In 1916 volunteers from the Regiment travelled overseas as 4th and 6th Canadian Siege Batteries, firing their first shots in anger during the Battle of the Somme. There they perfected new techniques of long range counter-battery bombardment. The Canadian Corps Heavy Artillery, including 4th and 6th Siege Batteries gathered together for the first time with the whole of the Canadian Corps in the spring of 1917. That April they fired what has gone down in history as one of the most successful counter-battery bombardments in history, neutralizing over 80 percent of the German artillery and paving the way for Canadian infantrymen to take Vimy Ridge. From Vimy, 4th and 6th Canadian Siege Batteries were joined in 1918 by 3rd Brigade, Canadian Garrison Artillery, made up mostly of New Brunswick and Maritime gunners trained in Saint John. The Regiment became the core of the Canadian Corps Heavy Artillery during the Great War. New Brunswick heavy gunners supported the Corps in the difficult fighting for the final 100 Days Campaign. Its batteries played an especially important role in the dramatic Canadian victory at the Canal du Nord and Cambrai in September 1918. At the end of the Great War, surviving veterans came home to what became known as 3rd (New Brunswick) Coast Brigade, Royal Canadian Artillery (The Loyal Company of Artillery). Many veterans stayed active in the interwar militia, keeping alive the Reserve long range artillery.

The Second World War, 1939-1945

In 1939 3rd (New Brunswick) Coast Brigade, RCA, (The Loyal Company of Artillery) mobilized to prepare and man new heavy coastal gun batteries constructed around Saint John. The threat of German surface raiders and submarines was even greater in the Second World War than in the first, requiring much of the Regiment's attention. However, the requirements for trained artillerymen for overseas service led to the despatch of four batteries from the regiment. 89th Battery from Woodstock mustered as field artillery while 90th and 104th Batteries from Fredericton assembled as anti-tank units. All three were despatched to Italy, taking part in the Canadian victory at the Hitler Line that opened the liberation of Rome. 105th  from Saint John  also went overseas as an anti-tank unit, landing in Normandy  and taking part in the climactic Battle of the Falaise Gap and The Battle of the Scheldt.

1945-Present

The close of the Second World War ended direct threats to Canada's east coast by sea. The new threat to Canadian security in the early Cold War era came from Soviet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. In response the Regiment was re-organized as a medium anti-aircraft unit. The threat of aircraft gave way to ballistic missiles, and the Canadian Army once again organized for forward conventional defence in Europe as a leading member of the Treaty Organization. In that context, in 1962 the Regiment evolved into its present role as the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment (The Loyal Company), Royal Canadian Artillery. Since then the Regiment has continued in its same function since the Loyal Company was formed in 1793; to maintain a reserve force of trained artillerymen to defend  at home and abroad. In recent decades, the most visible form of that mission has been to provide gunners and officers to augment regular force Royal Canadian Artillery batteries deployed for overseas service on peace-keeping, peace-enforcement and stability operations. In the last four decades hundreds of 3rd Field Artillery Regiment gunners have served in, Cyprus the Golan Heights, the Former Yugoslavia, Somolia, and most recently, South Sudan. A mission of particular pride was in support of the Canadian Forces's efforts in Afghanistan, where the requirement for Canadian soldiers with artillery and observer skills once again became paramount. The Loyal Company title was officially shorn as the Regiment's post-nominal title on 20 November 1975, apparently as part of the wider policy of separating the unified Canadian Forces from traditions and customs associated with . Nevertheless, the unit continues to perpetuate the link its 1793 foundation. After a loud appeal the Canadian Government restored the Loyal Company to the regiment's official name in 2012.

Members of the regiment fought with the Canadian Task Forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002-2014.

Perpetuations

War of 1812
1st Battalion, Charlotte County Regiment
2nd Battalion, Charlotte County Regiment

The Great War
3rd Brigade, CGA, CEF
No. 4 Canadian Siege Battery, CEF
No. 6 Canadian Siege Battery, CEF

Regimental band

The regimental military band was formed in 1948, having performed over the years for personalities such as Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and Princess Diana. It consists of 30 members that include high school and university students as well as volunteer musicians.

See also

 Military history of Canada
 History of the Canadian Army

External links
http://loyalcompanyassociation.com/

References

Field artillery regiments of Canada
Military units and formations established in 1962
Military units and formations of New Brunswick
Organizations based in New Brunswick
Saint John, New Brunswick


title: Sundus Abbas

text:
Sundus Abbas (Arabic: سندس عباس) is an Iraqi women's rights activist. As the executive director of the Women's Leadership Institute in Baghdad, she has worked to improve women's rights. Abbas was trained as a political scientist, and she has worked to improve Iraqi women's involvement in their political parties, in the constitutional drafting and amending process, and in national reconciliation and conflict resolution efforts. She has also written for Iraq's main daily newspapers on the topic of women's rights, and held press conferences to address issues of concern to women, as well as teaching classes on decision-making. Abbas has also traveled throughout the Middle East for women's conferences and seminars. In 2007, she received an International Women of Courage Award.

References

Living people
Iraqi women
Iraqi women's rights activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award


title: Literature about intersex

text:
Intersex, in humans and other animals, describes variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

Intersex people and themes appear in numerous books, comics and magazines. Morgan Holmes describes common representations of intersex people as monsters or ciphers for discussions about sex and gender, while Phoebe Hart contrasts a small number of examples of well-rounded characters with the creation of "objects of ridicule".

Fiction

Intersex representations in fiction

Intersex people have been portrayed in literature as monsters, murderers and medical dilemmas. Characters in award-winning literature include Cal Stephanides in the novel Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides and Max Walker in the novel Golden Boy by Abigail Tarttelin.

Morgan Holmes, Canadian sociologist and a former activist with the (now defunct) Intersex Society of North America, comments on constructions of intersex people as monsters or ciphers for discussions about sex and gender. Holmes describes her weariness "of writers who had contacted me for a number of years during my intersex-activist days, trying to determine if their proposed ‘hermaphrodites’ could do things like impregnate or have sex with themselves",  and how depictions of intersex people are "stalled", reifying "the proper place of traditional visions and modes of masculinity in opposition to femininity" or "beyond and outside the realm of gender altogether"; the character of Annabel/Wayne, in the Canadian novel Annabel by Kathleen Winter, provides an example of monstrous auto-impregnation, while science fiction representations of intersex may also reflect monstrous interpretations of a hermaphrodite.

Phoebe Hart describes a range of media representations, from a small number of examples of well-rounded characters such as Cal Stephanides in the novel Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides to the creation of "objects of ridicule".

Books

The list is organised by the author's surname.

The Queen's Tiara – Carl Jonas Love Almquist

The Queen's Tiara () is a classic Swedish novel by Carl Jonas Love Almquist about a beautiful androgyne, Tintomara.

Memoirs of a Man's Maiden Years – N.O. Body
Memoirs of a Man's Maiden Years describes a childhood and youth of Karl M. Baer

The World Wreckers – Marion Zimmer Bradley

The World Wreckers is a 1971 science fiction novel by Marion Zimmer Bradley in her Darkover series. The book contains a complex sub-plot involving the sexual interactions between a hermaphrodite native species known as the chieri and humans.

The Vorkosigan Saga – Lois McMaster Bujold

The Vorkosigan Saga is a series of science fiction novels and short stories set in a common fictional universe by American author Lois McMaster Bujold. Many novels in the series contain an intersex character, Bel Thorne.

Jack and his Extra Y – Arlie Colvin
Jack and his Extra Y is a children's book for kids with XYY syndrome.

Kyle and His Extra X and Y – Arlie Colvin
Kyle and His Extra X and Y is a children's book for kids with 48, XXYY.

Gregory and his Extra X – Arlie Colvin
Gregory and his Extra X is a children's book for kids with Klinefelter syndrome.

Elizabeth and her Extra X – Arlie Colvin
Elizabeth and her Extra X is a children's book for kids with Triple X syndrome.

Rokitansky – Alice Darwin
The novel by Alice Darwin, published in 2014. The story is about three women with MRKH.

The Looming Fog – Rosemary Esehagu
The 2006 debut novel by the Nigerian writer, Rosemary Esehagu. The story follows the life of an intersex child as they struggle to live in a pre-colonial village in Nigeria that considers the anomaly an abomination.

Middlesex – Jeffrey Eugenides

Middlesex (2002) by Jeffrey Eugenides is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel narrated by an intersex character who discusses the societal experience of an intersex person. The novel's interrelationship between intersex and incest gave the book a controversial reception from intersex commentators.

Hermaphrodeity – Alan H. Friedman
Hermaphrodeity by Alan H. Friedman was originally published in 1972 and has been republished many times again. Hermaphrodeity is a grand comedy of gender surprises. Millie, a hermaphrodite, must make a decision in the novel. Boy or girl—choose one. Millie or Willie.

The Ilario series – Mary Gentle

Mary Gentle used an intersex narrator in Ilario: The Lion's Eye and its sequel Ilario: The Stone Golem, published in 2007.

None of the Above – I. W. Gregorio

A homecoming queen and champion hurdler finds her life turned upside-down after a diagnosis with androgen insensitivity syndrome in None of the Above by I. W. Gregorio, a young adult book published in 2015.

All You Zombies – Robert A. Heinlein

—All You Zombies— is a science fiction short story by Robert A. Heinlein, recently adapted in the movie Predestination.

Us Girls: My Life Without a Uterus – Rachael J. Hughes
Us Girls: My Life Without a Uterus is a book about a girl with MRKH.

The Hermaphrodite – Julia Ward Howe

The Hermaphrodite is an incomplete novel by Julia Ward Howe about Laurence, an intersex character raised as a male but whose underlying gender ambiguity often creates havoc in his life. It was probably written between 1846 and 1847.

Raptor – Gary Jennings

Raptor is an historical novel by Gary Jennings set in the late fifth and early sixth centuries. It purports to be the memoirs of an Ostrogoth, Thorn.

Pantomime – Laura Lam

Laura Lam's young adult fantasy novel Pantomime and its sequel Shadowplay feature an intersex protagonist named Micah Grey.

The Left Hand of Darkness – Ursula K. Le Guin

The Left Hand of Darkness is a multiple award-winning 1969 science fiction novel by Ursula K. Le Guin. Le Guin's introduction to the 1976 publication of the book identifies Left Hand of Darkness as a thought experiment to explore society without men or women, where individuals share the biological and emotional makeup of both genders.

Le saut de l'ange – Maud Marin
Autobiographical drama by a French author, Maud Marin. Tells the story of a person with intersex traits who was assigned male at birth and made a transition in later life.

Changed – T.S. Murphy
Changed is young adult novel about a girl with MRKH.

Elizabeth, Just Sixteen – Cecilia Paul
 Elizabeth, Just Sixteen is a book about a girl with MRKH.

Der Bibelkiller / Natural Red 4 – Valeska Réon
 Natural Red 4 is a thriller about a intersexual coroner.

2313 – Kim Stanley Robinson

2313 is a science fiction novel written by Kim Stanley Robinson. It includes two lead characters, Swan Er Hong and Fitz Wahram, with intersex characteristics.

Edna's Gift: How My Broken Sister Taught Me to Be Whole – Susan Rudnick
Edna's Gift: How My Broken Sister Taught Me to Be Whole is a book about a girl with MRKH.

The Ministry of Utmost Happiness – Arundhati Roy
The novel by Indian writer Arundhati Roy, published in 2017. Roy's characters run the gamut of Indian society and include an intersex woman (hijra), a rebellious architect, and her landlord who is a supervisor in the intelligence service.

Golden Boy – Abigail Tarttelin

Abigail Tarttelin's 2013 novel Golden Boy is about an intersex teenager. The book has won multiple awards, including a 2014 Alex Award, which recognize the book's appeal to young adult readers.

Annabel – Kathleen Winter

Kathleen Winter's 2010 novel Annabel is a fictional account of an intersex person growing up in Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Intersexion – P.D. Workman

P.D. Workman's 2016 novel Intersexion tells the story of Taylor, an intersex teen who is disowned by his family, living on the street, and battling abuse and prejudice.

XOXY, A Memoir: Intersex Woman, Mother, Activist – Kimberly Zieselman
XOXY, A Memoir: Intersex Woman, Mother, Activist is an autobiographical book by Kimberly Zieselman

Non-fiction

Books

Herculine Barbin  – Herculine Barbin, Michel Foucault

Herculine Barbin: Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth-century French Hermaphrodite is a 1980 English-language translation of Herculine Barbin's nineteenth-century memoirs, which were originally written in French. The book contains an introduction by Michel Foucault. Foucault discovered Barbin's memoirs during his research about hermaphroditism for The History of Sexuality.

Interdicciones – Mauro Cabral (editor)

Interdicciones. Escrituras de la intersexualidad en castellano (Interdictions. Writings on intersex in Spanish) is a 2009 collection of non-fiction, fiction, and poetry edited by Mauro Cabral.

Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia – Tiffany Jones, Bonnie Hart, Morgan Carpenter, Gavi Ansara, William Leonard and Jayne Lucke (authors)

Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia is a 2016 book of statistical findings and stories from an Australian national study led by Tiffany Jones.

Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis - Georgiann Davis

Contesting Intersex: The Dubious Diagnosis by Georgiann Davis examines the history of the U.S. intersex movement with a focus on the medicalization of intersex bodies and a contested shift in clinical language from intersex to "disorders of sex development".

Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex - Alice Dreger

A collection of essays on intersex as a social phenomenon, living with intersex traits, and medical management. The book was published in 1999 by University Publishing Group, Maryland by Alice Domurat Dreger.

Galileo's Middle Finger - Alice Dreger

Galileo's Middle Finger is a 2015 book on the ethics of medical research by bioethicist and author Alice Dreger. The book recounts Dreger's activism against surgical "correction" of intersex individuals' genitalia and the use of prenatal hormone treatments. The book also reviews research on transsexualism and the treatment of the Yanomamo people.

Sexing the Body – Anne Fausto-Sterling

Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality is a 2000 book by Brown University Professor of Biology and Gender Studies Anne Fausto-Sterling in which she explores the social construction of gender and the social and medical treatment of intersex people.

Human Rights between the Sexes – Dan Christian Ghattas

Human Rights between the Sexes is an analysis of the human rights of intersex people in twelve countries. It was written by Dan Christian Ghattas of IVIM (OII-Germany) and published by the Heinrich Böll Foundation in October 2013.

Intersex (For Lack of a Better Word) – Thea Hillman

Intersex author Thea Hillman's memoir Intersex (For Lack of a Better Word) was published by Manic D Press in 2008 and won a Lambda Literary Award.

Critical Intersex – Morgan Holmes (editor)

Critical Intersex is a collection of essays on intersex issues, including theoretical and empirical research. Edited by intersex professor of sociology Morgan Holmes, Critical Intersex has been described as "an important book" (Anne Fausto-Sterling), "the 'go to source' for a contemporary, international representation of intersex studies," and as making "contributions that are precise, plainly written and very illuminating... the detail is fascinating and somewhat unnerving... beautifully clear and compassionate" (Contemporary Sociology).

Fixing Sex – Katrina Karkazis

Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience by Stanford anthropologist and bioethicist Katrina Karkazis was published in 2008. Described as "thoughtful", "meticulous", and an "authoritative treatise on intersex", the book examines the perspectives of intersex people, their families, and clinicians to offer a compassionate look at the treatment of people born with atypical sex characteristics.

Born Both: An Intersex Life – Hida Viloria
An intimate memoir by Hida Viloria, a writer and intersex activist, a candid, provocative, and eye-opening perspective of life, love, and gender identity as an intact intersex person, as well as a call to action for justice for intersex people. The book was published in 2017 and is a Lambda Literary Award finalist.

Journals

Hermaphrodites with Attitude
The former Intersex Society of North America published the journal Hermaphrodites with Attitude between 1994 and 2005.

Poetry

Dear Herculine – Aaron Apps

A 2015 hybrid/poetry collection by Aaron Apps won the 2014 Sawtooth Poetry Prize. The book recalls and interacts with portions of the memoirs of 19th Century French hermaphrodite Herculine Barbin.

Intersex: A Memoir - Aaron Apps

A 2015 poetry collection and memoir by Aaron Apps explores gender and what happens when a body is normalized. A section of the book, Barbecue Catharsis, appeared in the 2014 edition of The Best American Essays.

Comics

I.S.

The Japanese manga series I.S., first published in 2003, features intersex characters and how they deal with intersex-related issues and influence the lives of people around them. It was complimented by intersexinitiative.org as "groundbreaking" and the "world's first serial comics based on the real lives of intersex people".

Demon Knights

In 2012, the character Shining Knight was revealed as DC Comics's first intersex character in Demon Knights #14.

See also
 Intersex human rights reports
 Films about intersex
 Television works about intersex
 Intersex characters in fiction

References


title: Gypsonoma mutabilana

text:
Gypsonoma mutabilana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Tibet) and Russia.

References

Moths described in 1985
Eucosmini


title: Two-variable logic

text:
In mathematical logic and computer science, two-variable logic is the fragment of first-order logic where formulae can be written using only two different variables. This fragment is usually studied without function symbols.

Decidability

Some important problems about two-variable logic, such as satisfiability and finite satisfiability, are decidable. This result generalizes results about the decidability of fragments of two-variable logic, such as certain description logics; however, some fragments of two-variable logic enjoy a much lower computational complexity for their satisfiability problems.

By contrast, for the three-variable fragment of first-order logic without function symbols, satisfiability is undecidable.

Counting quantifiers

The two-variable fragment of first-order logic with no function symbols is known to be decidable even with the addition of counting quantifiers, and thus of uniqueness quantification. This is a more powerful result, as counting quantifiers for high numerical values are not expressible in that logic.

Counting quantifiers actually improve the expressiveness of finite-variable logics as they allow to say that there is a node with  neighbors, namely . Without counting quantifiers  variables are needed for the same formula.

Connection to the Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm
There is a strong connection between two-variable logic and the Weisfeiler-Leman (or color refinement) algorithm. Given two graphs, then any two nodes have the same stable color in color refinement if and only if they have the same  type, that is, they satisfy the same formulas in two-variable logic with counting.

References

Model theory
Systems of formal logic


title: José Ignacio Paliza

text:
José Ignacio Ramón Paliza Nouel (born Santo Domingo, 1 September 1981) is a politician and lawyer from the Dominican Republic. He is the President and Chairman of the Modern Revolutionary Party since 14 June 2018, and Administrative Minister of the Presidency since 16 August 2020. He was senator representing the province of Puerto Plata for the 2016–2020 period.

Early life and family
Paliza Nouel is the son of businessman and honorary consul of Spain in Puerto Plata, Juan Ignacio Paliza García, and nephew of entrepreneurs José Manuel Paliza and Elena Viyella de Paliza. His grandfather  Benito Paliza Torre was a Spanish immigrant who was dedicated to work in the coffee industry upon his arrival to the Dominican Republic.

His mother, Grace Malvina Nouel, was born in Miami, Florida, during the period her father was Consul appointed by the dictator Rafael Trujillo for his particular adherence to him; she is the daughter of José María Nouel Simpson (son of lawyer and minister of the Interior José María Nouel Bobadilla, son of historian, lawyer and legislator Carlos Rafael Nouel Pierret and brother of archbishop and president of the Dominican Republic Adolfo Alejandro Nouel Bobadilla, and Grace Simpson Neumann, the daughter of Thomas Simpson, the United States consul in Puerto Plata from 1884 to 1905), and Ligia Malvina Henríquez Mon. On his mother's side, he descends from President Tomás Bobadilla, the first ruler of the Dominican Republic; Paliza Nouel is great-grandnephew of monsignor Adolfo Alejandro Nouel.

In 2003, he earned a doctorate in law (magna cum laude), at Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE);  he studied International Studies of Law, Business and Public Policy, and Public Finance Management, at Georgetown, Pennsylvania and Harvard, respectively..

Ancestry
Paliza's maternal family was a notable elite family in the Dominican Republic. His ancestors includes Presidents, Senators, Ministers and Consuls.

Politics
He was elected with just 28 years as a deputy to the 2010–2016 legislature, and was the youngest member of the Congress of the Dominican Republic.

In his 2010 sworn statement of assets, Paliza stated that he had a negative equity, as he owed RD$ 5 million (US$ 135,000) to his father (who died in 2014). In 2016 he reported to have RD$ 13.38 million (US$ 291,000) in assets. In 2020, Paliza's net worth rose to RD$ 23.08 million (US$ 395,000).

In August 2014, along with more than thirty deputies defectors he entered into the Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM), following a split in the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD).

Paliza was elected President and Chairman of the Modern Revolutionary Party in the primary elections held on 18 March 2018, he took office on 14 June 2018.

References

External links

FÉLIZ, Iván (14 April 2013). «Diputado dice durante sesión que se avergüenza de ser legislador». El Caribe.

Living people
1981 births
Politicians from Santo Domingo
Dominican Republic people of Breton descent
Dominican Republic people of British descent
Dominican Republic people of Dutch-Jewish descent
Dominican Republic people of Jewish descent
Dominican Republic people of European American descent
Dominican Republic people of French descent
Dominican Republic people of German descent
Dominican Republic people of Portuguese descent
Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) alumni
21st-century Dominican Republic lawyers
Dominican Republic politicians
Dominican Revolutionary Party politicians
Modern Revolutionary Party politicians
Government ministers of the Dominican Republic
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic
Members of the Senate of the Dominican Republic
Presidents of political parties in the Dominican Republic
White Dominicans


title: Gypsonoma phaeocremna

text:
Gypsonoma phaeocremna is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia).

References

Moths described in 1937
Eucosmini


title: Television works about intersex

text:
Intersex, in humans and other animals, describes variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

Intersex people and themes appear in numerous television episodes. Representations have often lacked realism, and in some cases described as stigmatizing or garbage by intersex advocates, with some examples of "everyday social types" but many cases of medical dilemmas, murderers, and ciphers for discussions about sex and gender.

Intersex representations in drama

Intersex people have been portrayed in fiction as monsters, murderers and medical dilemmas. Canadian sociologist Morgan Holmes, a former activist with the (now defunct) Intersex Society of North America describes fictional representations of intersex people as monsters or ciphers for discussions about sex and gender. Academic and filmmaker Phoebe Hart suggests that television representations of intersex people fulfil "sensational and unsubtle" stereotypes: the Australian drama All Saints portrayed a woman with androgen insensitivity syndrome as both "superwoman" and "genetic glitch", while Grey's Anatomy failed to adequately inform audiences about intersex in an episode that explored gender identity and medical disclosure. Hart highlights Faking It and Freaks and Geeks for presenting realistic characters, or everyday social types. She suggests that other television representations have been more controversial, and sometimes potentially harmful.

Documentary episodes

Intersex was discussed on British TV for the first time in 1966, and became a topic of interest for broadcast TV and radio in the United States and other countries from 1989.

Drama episodes

An intersex murderer plot twist trope has been repeated in the TV programs Nip/Tuck (Quentin Costa), Janet King, and Passions (Vincent Clarkson). Examples of a medical dilemmas trope include the 2010 Childrens Hospital episode Show Me on Montana, the 2012 Emily Owens, M.D. episode "Emily and... the Question of Faith", a 2009 episode of House entitled "The Softer Side", and Masters of Sex episode 3 in season 2, "Fight".

The MTV series Faking It marked the first intersex series regular in a TV show, Lauren Cooper, and also the first intersex character played by an intersex person, Raven.

All Saints

Season 9 of Australian medical drama All Saints included a woman with androgen insensitivity syndrome in an episode entitled "Truth Hurts".

Children's Hospital
In the 2010 Childrens Hospital episode "Show Me on Montana", Drs. Flame and Maestro try to convince an intersex child which gender to choose, with each doctor vying for their own gender.

Emily Owens, M.D.
The 2012 Emily Owens, M.D. episode "Emily and... the Question of Faith" featured an intersex baby.

Faking It
In the first 2014 episode of Faking It, "The Morning Aftermath", one of the main characters, Lauren, is revealed to be intersex.

Freaks and Geeks
In the 2000 Freaks and Geeks episode "The Little Things", Ken has to deal with the discovery that his girlfriend had been born with ambiguous genitalia.

Friends
The One with the Rumor, season 8 episode 9 sees a rumor spread that Rachel is a "hermaphrodite". ISNA described the episode as "degrading".

House
In the 2009 episode of House entitled "The Softer Side", a teenager with genetic mosaicism that is unaware of his (the gender his parents choose for him) condition develops dehydration and is admitted to Princeton Plainsboro Teaching Hospital.

Janet King
The character Peta was revealed as intersex in the final episode of the second series of Janet King.

Masters of Sex
Masters of Sex episode 3 in season 2, "Fight", sees Bill Masters delivers an intersex infant. The circumstances of the infant are used as a plot device for Masters to question the nature of masculinity.

The New Normal
"The Goldie Rush", episode 12, uses a person born intersex as an object of derision during a flashback sequence of failed dates.

Nip/Tuck
Nip/Tuck season 3 featured the character Quentin Costa, revealed to be man with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency. It used an intersex variation and plot device of incest that were previously employed in the book Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides.

Offspring
Offspring season 7 has a character revealed to have Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome.

See also

 Intersex
 Films about intersex
 Intersex characters in fiction
 Literature about intersex
 List of fictional non-binary characters

References

Intersex-related lists


title: Münstermann

text:
Münstermann is a surname of German origin.

Notable persons having this surname include:

Carl von Münstermann (1843–1930), professor of culture and technology at the Agricultural University of Berlin
Hans Münstermann, (born 1947), Dutch novelist
Henricus Münstermann  (died 1537),  Catholic priest and abbot of Marienfeld
Julia Münstermann, German artist
Lasse Münstermann (born 1979), German snooker player
Ludwig Münstermann (1560 or 1575–1638/1639), German sculptor
Paul Münstermann (1932–2010), former Vice President of the Federal Intelligence Service (Bundesnachrichtendienst)
Peter Münstermann (born 1956), German politician (SPD)
Willi Münstermann (1903–1982), German entrepreneur, sponsor of the Krefeld Penguins

German-language surnames


title: Synchronised swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Combination routine

text:
The Combination routine competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 15–17 August.

Results
The preliminary round was held on 15 August at 18:00. The preliminary round was held on 17 August at 18:00.

References

2014 European Aquatics Championships


title: Freedom

text:
Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws".

In one definition, something is "free" if it can change and is not constrained in its present state. Physicists and chemists use the word in this sense.

Philosophy and religion sometimes associate freedom with free will, as distinct from predestination.

In modern liberal nations, freedom is considered a right, especially freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press.

Many contemporary philosophers like  Charles Taylor and Isaiah Berlin make a distinction between "positive freedom" and "negative freedom".

Types

In political discourse, political freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy, and a distinction is made between countries that are free and dictatorships. In the area of civil rights, a strong distinction is made between freedom and slavery and there is conflict between people who think all races, religions, genders, and social classes should be equally free and people who think freedom is the exclusive right of certain groups. Frequently discussed are freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of choice, and freedom of speech.

Sometimes the terms "freedom" and "liberty" tend to be used interchangeably. Sometimes subtle distinctions are made between "freedom" and "liberty" John Stuart Mill, for example, differentiated liberty from freedom in that freedom is primarily, if not exclusively, the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do, whereas liberty concerns the absence of arbitrary restraints and takes into account the rights of all involved. As such, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and limited by the rights of others.

Isaiah Berlin made a distinction between "positive" freedom and "negative" freedom in his seminal 1958 lecture  "Two concepts of liberty". Charles Taylor elaborates on this idea, claiming that it is undeniable that there are two such kinds of freedom. Negative liberty means an ability to do what one wants, without external obstacles; positive liberty is the ability to fulfill one's purposes.

Wendy Hui Kyong Chun explains these differences in terms of their relation to institutions:

Another distinction that some political theorists have deemed important is that people may aspire to have freedom from limiting forces (such as freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom from discrimination), but descriptions of freedom and liberty generally do not invoke having liberty from anything. This is the concept of negative liberty.

Other important fields in which freedom is an issue include economic freedom, academic freedom, intellectual freedom, scientific freedom, and political freedom.

In its origin, the  English word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend".

See also
 Internet freedom
 Freedom Riders - civil-rights activists
 Freethought
 Harm principle
 Personal freedom
 Statue of Freedom, an 1863 sculpture by Thomas Crawford atop the dome of the US Capitol
 Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), 1886 statue by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi in New York City
  Goddess of Liberty, an 1888 statue by Elijah E. Myers atop the Texas State Capitol dome, in Austin, Texas
Miss Freedom, 1889 statue on the dome of the Georgia State Capitol (US)
  Freedom, 1985 statue by Alfred Tibor in Columbus, Ohio
 Freedom songs
Freedom & Civilization, 1944 book by Bronislaw Malinowski about freedom from anthropological perspective

References

External links
 "Freedom", BBC Radio 4 discussion with John Keane, Bernard Williams & Annabel Brett (In Our Time, 4 July 2002)

Social concepts
Rights


title: Hans Münstermann

text:
Hans Münstermann (born 1947 in Arnhem) is a Dutch novelist, writer of almost a dozen novels. About half of them form a generational novel sequence that follows the life of a baby boomer named Andreas Klein, the son of a Dutch mother and a German man. His 2006 novel, De Bekoring, the fifth in that series, won the AKO Literatuurprijs in 2006; the sixth, Ik kom je halen als het zomer is, was published in 2010. Münstermann has a doctorate in theatrical studies and has worked at an academy in Maastricht since the 1980s, and from 1990 to 1995 he was a coordinator in actor training. He has also written a number of novels together with Jacques Hendrikx, under the pseudonym Jan Tetteroo.

Andreas Klein
Andreas Klein was seen as an alter ego of Münstermann's by critics including Elsbeth Etty. Like Münstermann, Klein's mother is from Arnhem. Her maiden name is Marianne Petersen, and she marries the German Joachim Klein on 10 May 1940, the day World War II breaks out for the Netherlands, with the Germans invading the country. Their marriage appears devoid of love; Andreas is the fourth of seven children who grow up beginning in the 1950s, a time of strict morality. Andreas is his mother's favorite and becomes a writer who documents his own family, and typically spoils or disrupts important family occasions by digging up the past and announcing the results of his personal investigations—in Het gelukkige jaar 1940 he spoils his youngest brother's birthday, and in De bekoring the day his mother dies.

Works
Het gelukkige jaar 1940 (2000)
Je moet niet denken dat ik altijd bij je blijf (2001)
Certificaat van echtheid (2003)
De Hitlerkus (2004)
De bekoring (2006, Nieuw Amsterdam)
Het gelukkige jaar 1940 (2007, Nieuw Amsterdam)
Je moet niet denken dat ik altijd bij je blijf (2007, Nieuw Amsterdam)
Land zonder Sarah (2008, Nieuw Amsterdam)
Ik kom je halen als het zomer is (2010, Nieuw Amsterdam)
"Mischa" (2013, Uitgeverij De Kring)

As a joint pseudonym Jan Tetteroo, along with Jacques Hendrikx:

No flash (1992)
De laatste Nederlandse man (1993)
Korte historie van het Nederlandse volk (1995)
Bozoc (2001)

References

1947 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch male writers
21st-century Dutch novelists
Dutch male novelists
People from Arnhem
21st-century Dutch male writers


title: Anna Rüling

text:
Theodora "Theo" Anna Sprüngli (15 August 1880 – 8 May 1953), better known under the pseudonym Anna Rüling, was a German journalist whose speech in 1904 was the first political speech to address the problems faced by lesbians. One of the first modern women to come out as homosexual, she has been described as "the first known lesbian activist".

Early life and education
Rüling was born into a middle-class family in Hamburg, German Empire. Her parents were Adolf Sprüngli, a Swiss overseas businessman, and Caroline Sprüngli, née Dangers. Along with at least one sister, Rüling was raised in a "rigid atmosphere of a Hanseatic household". She attended a school for young ladies and, as deemed appropriate for a middle-class girl, received instructions in piano and music theory. She finished gymnasium in Stuttgart, where she took violin lessons from Edmund Singer, and was a schoolmate of Elly Ney. She was an accomplished violinist, but had to give this up after suffering an injury to her arm rescuing a child. Her career as a journalist began at the age of 17, when she started writing for Hamburger Fremdenblatt. Rüling moved to Berlin, where she worked for August Scherl for some time, writing newspaper articles on music and theatre, and earning some extra money from giving private music lessons.

Homosexuality and activism
Rüling's family, unaware of her homosexuality, pressured her to marry. Rüling later spoke of lesbian aversion to marital relations with men, declaring that homosexual women married to men could find "no happiness" and would "be incapable of creating happiness."  Although her father stated that "nothing of the sort can happen in my family", Rüling started a relationship with a woman by 1904 and took up activism. She was eager to see an alliance between LGBT campaigners and the growing women's rights movements, calling upon the latter to point out "how very destructive it is for homosexuals to enter into marriage."

The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, the world's first LGBT advocacy group, invited Rüling to speak at its conference in Berlin on 9 October 1904. She was the only speaker that specifically addressed the issues faced by lesbians. She gave the speech "Homosexualitat und Frauenbewegung" (Homosexuality and the Women's Movement). She agreed with the then common view that the lesbian mindset is more similar to that of men than to that of other women. Despite her attempts to unite all victims of sex-based oppression, Rüling did not succeed in influencing women's rights campaigners to work for lesbian rights. Many lesbians at the time actively took part in promoting women's rights, but were shocked by Rüling's insistence on treating lesbian rights as a feminist issue.

Rüling believed that homosexuals constituted a third gender, distinct from men and women. She argued that homosexual women were more reasonable than "clearly heterosexual women", and that a lesbian, "like an average normal man, was more objective, more energetic and goal-oriented than the feminine woman." This, she claimed, made homosexual women well-suited for professional occupations. What proved most controversial, however, were not her views themselves – it was her straightforward admission of her own homosexuality and evident taking pride in it. Her speech was the first political speech about lesbians. She was one of the first women to openly identify herself as homosexual, and has been called "the first lesbian activist", although the same is sometimes said about Johanna Elberskirchen. She is also known as an early lesbian feminist.

Later career
On 27 October 1904, Rüling gave a speech to Friedrich Radszuweit's Bund für Menschenrecht, another organisation working advocating gay rights, and was briefly a member. Two years later, she published a collection of lesbian-themed short stories. Leaving Berlin, Rüling moved to Düsseldorf, where she lived for 30 years. From 1914 until the mid-1920s, her writings were regularly published in Neue Deutsche Frauenzeitung, a right-wing paper with moderate views on women's rights.

During the First World War, Rüling proved to be an ardent patriot, nationalist and imperialist. It does not appear, however, that she ever joined the Nazi Party. She left Düsseldorf, as well as full-time journalism, in the late 1930s, moving to Ulm. There she worked as secretary, director and script-editor at the municipal theatre. A decade later, she relocated to Delmenhorst, continuing the theatre career but also resuming journalism in 1949. At the time of her sudden death on 8 May 1953, the 72-year-old Theo Anna Sprüngli ("Anna Rüling") was one of the oldest female journalists in the Federal Republic of Germany.

References

External links
Original text of Rüling's speech
Translation of Rüling's speech

1880 births
1953 deaths
German women short story writers
German short story writers
German women journalists
German lesbian writers
German LGBT journalists
German LGBT rights activists
20th-century German writers
20th-century German women writers
20th-century German short story writers
People from Hamburg
Lesbian feminists
German feminists
Women civil rights activists


title: Forest stream frog

text:
Forest stream frog may refer to:

 Cloud forest stream frog (Ptychohyla euthysanota), a frog in the family Hylidae found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and possibly Honduras
 Pine forest stream frog (Ptychohyla macrotympanum), a frog in the family Hylidae found in Guatemala and possibly Mexico

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Charles Lloyd (minister)

text:
Charles Lloyd LL.D. (1766–1829) was a Welsh dissenter and schoolmaster.

Life
The third son of David Lloyd, Presbyterian minister at Llwyn-rhyd-owen, Cardiganshire, he was born there on 18 December 1766. On his father's death (4 February 1779, aged 54) his education for the ministry was undertaken by his uncle, John Lloyd of Coed-lanau; but that support provided only for schooling (1779–84) under David Davis, who had been his father's colleague. In the autumn of 1784 he entered with an exhibition the Presbyterian academy, then at Swansea, under Solomon Harries (1726–1785), who was succeeded in 1785 by Josiah Rees and Thomas Lloyd, a first cousin. William Howell became theological tutor in 1786; and when the other tutors established a grammar school, preparatory to the academy, Lloyd was appointed afternoon teacher. Among his fellow-students was Lewis Loyd, father of Samuel Jones Loyd.

Leaving the academy (1788) in poor health, Lloyd went to Hotwells, near Bristol, where he was supported by John Wright, M.D., and his brother, Thomas Wright, Presbyterian minister at Lewin's Mead, Bristol: almost the only persons whom Lloyd, in his autobiography, fails to censure. Through the influence of Nathaniel Philipps, Presbyterian minister at Derby, Lloyd was elected minister, in August 1788, of the Oak Street congregation, Evesham, Worcestershire; he was at this time judged a "moderately high Arian". He started a Sunday school and an evening service, and increased his congregation from forty to two hundred. He wished, however, to administer the sacraments without being ordained; the congregation objected; he consulted Joseph Priestley, then in Birmingham, who, to his surprise, urged him to be ordained. The congregation gave in on cost grounds.

Shortly afterwards Lloyd began to have doubts about infant baptism, and on 3 April 1790 proposed to omit this rite or resign; his resignation was accepted. Through Joshua Toulmin he was put in charge of a General Baptist congregation at Ditchling, Sussex, and went there after visiting London in May 1790. At Ditchling he received adult baptism, but refused imposition of hands, then usual among General Baptists; he also again declined ordination. He cultivated extempore preaching.

At the beginning of 1792 Lloyd started a boarding-school, and married in the summer. Early in 1793 he left the ministry and moved his school to Exeter, where it ran for eight years. His first pupil was John Kenrick, who described the school as held in a "large ancient house near Palace Gate". Another pupil was William Gibbs.

Lloyd next turned farmer (1799) on the small estate of Coed-lannau-vawr, Cardiganshire, probably his through his brother Richard, who died on 27 September 1797, aged 37. Agriculture exhausted his savings. The chance to act as colleague in the congregation that had been his father's was closed to him, as David Davis, opposed the election of a Socinian and Baptist; by this time, however, Lloyd had rejected the rite of baptism in any form, as an institution confined to the apostolic age. A secession from Llwyn-rhyd-owen chose him as their pastor, and built two small chapels at Capel-y-groes (with a membership of 80) and Pant-y-defaid (with a membership of 60). His stay in Cardiganshire did not last long. Leaving his congregations to the care of John James, he moved in 1803 to Palgrave in Suffolk, running a school and taking charge of a Presbyterian congregation (5 April 1803 to 4 October 1811). In 1809 he received the diploma of LL.D. from Glasgow University.

From Palgrave Lloyd moved on to London, where for many years he kept a school in Keppel Street. He died on a visit to relatives near Lampeter, Cardiganshire, on 23 May 1829, aged 62, and was buried at Llanwenog; there was a marble tablet to his memory placed in the church.  As a teacher, Lloyd's attention to prosody gained him the nickname of "Quantity Doctor".

Works
Lloyd began writing for a periodical in 1792, on the slave trade and other topics. He published:

 Two Sermons on Christian Zeal, 1808.
 Observations on the Choice of a School, 1812.
 Particulars of the Life of a Dissenting Minister. Written by himself, [1813], anonymous. Lloyd subsequently tried to suppress this work, which mentions few names but sketches many characters, often with hostility. It has traditionally been compared with The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister (1834) by William Pitt Scargill, which is fictional.
 Travels at Home, 1814, 2 vols.
 The Monthly Repository Extraordinary, 1819 (Aspland).
 The Epistles of St. Paul … and … St. James; … a New Version … by Philalethes, 1819; identified as Lloyd's by John Kentish in the Monthly Repository (1813–14).

Lloyd, as a Greek scholar, controverted some of the positions of John Jones, with whom he is said to have played cards and quarrelled every evening. Other contributions by Lloyd, in criticism of Lant Carpenter, were in the Monthly Repository, 1815.

Family
By his first wife, Letty, who died at Palgrave on 11 December 1808, Lloyd had several children. By a second marriage with Sara Maria Smith, he had a son, Francis Vaughan (born 1811).

Notes

Attribution

1766 births
1829 deaths
Welsh Baptists
Dissenting academy tutors
Welsh writers


title: Question Bedtime

text:
Question Bedtime is the sixth studio album from nerdcore hip hop artist MC Frontalot. It was released on August 7, 2014.

The first single, "Much Chubbier", is available for free from the official website.

Concept and production
The album is built around bedtime stories and was conceptualized as a children's album, containing no swear words. Interspersed throughout its runtime are spoken word tracks in which MC Frontalot takes the role of a babysitter attempting to put the child in his care to bed, while various comedians in the role of the child are uncooperative in the effort.

"Start Over" (based on the Little Red Riding Hood story) is partly the source of the album; it was written ten-years prior to recording for a charity album that was never finished.  All song tracks are based on various folk tales and fables which are often used as bedtime stories. The stories upon which the songs are based include Little Red Riding Hood, The Story of the Three Bears, The Ruined Man Who Became Rich Again Through a Dream,  The Emperor's New Clothes, The Master Maid, Three Billy Goats Gruff, The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was, the Japanese folk tale "The Ugly Son", The Stonecutter, and the Ho-Chunk tale "Wakjąkága". Most of these tales are given a specific spin, rather than being a straight retelling. For example, Gold Locks is not a sweet little girl, but a monstrous woman who hunts bears for fun, while the emperor in "I Can See" is an oppressive tyrant, dethroned in a revolution by the end of the song.

Guest artist MC chris is cast in the role of the demon in the song "Devil in the Attic". This mirrors a role he occupied on The Graduate by MC Lars in which he plays Satan in the song "The Roommate from Hell".

Track listing

References

External links
 Official Question Bedtime web page with order info, samples and lyrics

2014 albums
MC Frontalot albums


title: Kelly Kirchbaum

text:
Kelly L. Kirchbaum (born June 14, 1957) is a former American football linebacker who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Kansas City Chiefs and Philadelphia Eagles. He was drafted by the New York Jets in the fifth round of the 1979  NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Kentucky and attended North Hardin High School in Radcliff, Kentucky. Kirchbaum was also a member of the Tampa Bay Bandits and Denver Dynamite. He was a member of the Denver Dynamite team that won ArenaBowl I.

References

External links
Just Sports Stats
College stats
Fanbase profile

Living people
1957 births
Players of American football from Kentucky
American football linebackers
Kentucky Wildcats football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Tampa Bay Bandits players
Denver Dynamite (arena football) players
Philadelphia Eagles players
People from Radcliff, Kentucky
National Football League replacement players


title: 2009–10 Ergotelis F.C. season

text:
The 2009–10 season was Ergotelis' 80th season in existence, 5th season in the Super League Greece, and the fourth consecutive since the club's latest promotion from the Football League. Ergotelis also participated in the Greek cup, entering the competition in the Fourth Round. The club ultimately managed to finish in 11th place, despite a notable fifth-place position at the end of the championship First Round. During this season the club celebrated its 80th anniversary, culminating relevant festivities in style, by thrashing Super League champions Olympiacos in a memorable friendly match with a 5–0 victory.

Players

The following players have departed in mid-season

Out of team

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players and Managers may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Transfers

In

Promoted from youth system

Total spending:  500.000 €

Out

Total income:  1.800.000 €

Expenditure:  1.300.000 €

Pre-season and friendlies

Pre-season friendlies

Mid-season friendlies

Post-season friendlies

Competitions

Overview

Last updated: 5 August 2014

Super League Greece

League table

Results summary

Matches

Greek Cup

Fourth round

Matches

Statistics

Goal scorers

Last updated: 20 August 2014

References

Ergotelis
Ergotelis F.C. seasons


title: Cable, Minnesota

text:
Cable is an unincorporated community in Haven Township, Sherburne County, Minnesota, United States. The community is between Clear Lake and St. Cloud along U.S. Highway 10 near Sherburne County Road 65, 42nd Street SE.

Sherburne County Roads 3 and 7 and the St. Cloud Regional Airport are nearby.

Cable had a post office from 1884 to 1892; Violetta Cable was its first postmaster.

References

Unincorporated communities in Minnesota
Unincorporated communities in Sherburne County, Minnesota


title: Daystate Air Ranger

text:
The Daystate Air Ranger is an air rifle manufactured by Daystate. The Air Ranger was introduced in 1978 and was the first model produced by the company. Several iterations of this rifle have been produced in varying designs and calibres and is currently identified as the Air Ranger mkII

Initially the gun was designed to fire tranquilliser darts but this was replaced with a pellet firing variant for sporting/pest control purposes.

Stock Variations
The Air Ranger MKII is available with two stock options

Standard Walnut
The standard walnut stock is an ambidextrous stock manufactured by Minelli in Italy and features a thumb hole cut out with knurled and engraved grip and siding.

Tactical
The black synthetic tactical stock is identical in form to the walnut but without the knurled grip and siding.

Model Variants
The air ranger is available in the UK in four power options dependent on the calibre and license requirements

Air Ranger MKII
The standard air ranger is available in either a  or  option, the former to cater for purchase of an air rifle without the need for a fire arms certificate in either a .177 or .22 calibre. This variant as standard has a 400cc cylinder capacity with the option of upgrading to a 500cc capacity.

Air Ranger Extreme MKII
The Extreme edition is available in a .22 or .25 calibre and is available as  in .22 or  in .25 and is fitted as standard with a 500cc cylinder.

References

Pneumatic weapons
Air guns of the United Kingdom


title: June Krauser

text:
June Krauser (June 13, 1926 – August 2, 2014) was an American swimmer. Known as the "Mother of Masters Swimming," she was one of the founders of U.S. Masters Swimming and set 154 national records and 73 world records.  She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1994.

Early years
Krauser was born in 1926 at Indianapolis, Indiana. Her parents, Robert Fogle and Florence (Piepgras) Fogle were from Chicago.  Krauser won national AAU swimming events in her youth, including a national championship in the breaststroke, and swam for Purdue University in the 1940s.  She was considered "likely to compete" in the 1944 Summer Olympics, but the games were not held due to the ongoing world war.  After World War II, Krauser married and had two children.

Masters swimming
Krauser remained active in swimming throughout her life and was appointed in 1964 to the United States Olympic Women's Swim Committee.  She also helped draft the rules and regulations for the Special Olympics in the late 1960s.

She gained her greatest fame in connection with masters swimming.  Along with Ransom J. Arthur, M.D., and John Spannuth, Krauser was one of the founders of U.S. Masters Swimming (USMS).  In the early 1970s, Spannuth approached her about the need for competitive swimming for adults.  Krauser helped organize the group and drafted its rules.  She became known as the "Mother of Masters Swimming."

At age 45, she began a "comeback" in swimming, and competed until she retired at age 80 in 2006. She was an active competitor in masters swimming from the 1970s through the 2000s.  Between 1972 and 2001, she set 154 national records recognized by the USMS. She also set 73 world records.  Her simple explanation to the Miami Herald for setting so many records: "I moved up in age divisions ... Once every five years I break lots of records."

Back in the 1990s, Krauser told the New York Times that for her swimming was "more interesting" than golfing with geriatric women.

John Spannuth of the Amateur Athletic Union said that Krauser "literally wrote the book when it came to competitive swimming for adults and for the Special Olympics, and did more to kick-start those two programs than anyone will ever know."  Krauser was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1994.  Likewise, she is in the Masters Swimming Hall of Fame and the Broward County Sports Hall of Fame.

Later years and death
Such were her accomplishments that swimming legends Buster Crabbe and Johnny Weissmuller, contemporaries who "looked up to her," were among her friends.

She was the editor of Swim Master newsletter for about 20 years.

Krauser died in August 2014 at the age of 88, in Pompano Beach, Florida, from complications of Parkinson's disease.

See also
 List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
List of masters athletes
List of Masters world records in swimming
Masters athletics

References

1926 births
2014 deaths
American female butterfly swimmers
American female freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Purdue Boilermakers women's swimmers
Swimmers from Indianapolis


title: Fragment (logic)

text:
In mathematical logic, a fragment of a logical language or theory is a subset of this logical language obtained by imposing syntactical restrictions on the language. Hence, the well-formed formulae of the fragment are a subset of those in the original logic. However, the semantics of the formulae in the fragment and in the logic coincide, and any formula of the fragment can be expressed in the original logic.

The computational complexity of tasks such as satisfiability or model checking for the logical fragment can be no higher than the same tasks in the original logic, as there is a reduction from the first problem to the other. An important problem in computational logic is to determine fragments of well-known logics such as first-order logic that are as expressive as possible yet are decidable or more strongly have low computational complexity. The field of descriptive complexity theory aims at establishing a link between logics and computational complexity theory, by identifying logical fragments that exactly capture certain complexity classes.

References

Mathematical logic


title: Shatha Abdul Razzak Abbousi

text:
Shatha Abdul Razzak Abbousi (Arabic: شذى عبد الرزاق عبوسي) is an Iraqi women's rights activist. As a member of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, and specifically a member of Iraq's Human Rights Committee, she has worked to pass human rights legislation. She also joined The Pledge for Iraq, a women's rights activist group.

Abbousi taught biology and Islamic studies before leaving to participate in politics. Before the Iraq War of 2003, she was banned from teaching in any state schools due to refusing to join the Ba’ath Party, but after the war she was able to teach in a public school.

She received a 2007 International Women of Courage Award.

References

Living people
Iraqi women
Iraqi women's rights activists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award


The 1969 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1969.  The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1969 College World Series.  The College World Series, held for the twenty third time in 1969, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament.  Arizona State claimed the championship.

Conference winners
This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1969 season.  Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA tournament.  9 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 12 teams earned at-large selections.

Conference standings
The following is an incomplete list of conference standings:

College World Series

The 1969 season marked the twenty third NCAA baseball tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series.  The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska.  The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Arizona State claiming their third championship with a 10–1 win over Tulsa in the final.

Award winners

All-America team

References


title: XOD

text:
The XOD Class Keelboat (X (Class) One Design (XOD) keelboat) is a small 21 ft day racing yacht with fleets based on the south coast of England.

The XOD Class is unique in having six active fleets around the Solent area, between Chichester Harbour in the East and Poole Harbour in the West. In each of the locations a well-established local Club manages the racing. Seasons and race programmes vary to meet the requirements of the local membership.

The X One Design was designed by Alfred Westmacott, who was Managing Director of Woodnutts Boatyard at St Helens on the Isle of Wight. He specialised in building small day racing boats and these included the Seaview Mermaid, Solent Sunbeam and Victory.  Racing first took place in Southampton Water in 1911 under the auspices of the MYC (later to become the Royal Motor Yacht Club). By the outbreak of the First World War some ten boats had been built.  After the First World War, building resumed in 1923, continued till 1939, stopped during WW2 and resumed in 1946. The latest boat built was as recently as 2007.  The hull shape has remained unchanged since the original design but there have been changes to the approved types of timber, fastenings and surface treatments. This last change was perhaps the most important, as many boats have now been epoxied with considerable savings in upkeep and prolonging the life of the boats so treated.

X One Design racing takes place throughout the season in six locations around the Solent. At each one a full programme of racing is organised by the Clubs involved.  Of the 202 X boats ever built, after allowing for those lost to fire, storm, neglect and one even to enemy action, there are still 190 registered.  XOD fleets are in Cowes, Hamble, Itchenor, Lymington, Parkstone and Yarmouth.

An XOD is usually crewed competitively by three people, although it is possible to sail with two. The spinnaker can be hoisted without the crew leaving the cockpit.

The XOD fleet is an important part of Cowes Week one of the longest-running regular regattas in the world.  XOD's were first raced in August 1911. 2011 marked the Centenary year with an unprecedented 145 entries in Cowes Week.  The X Class continues to hold a special place in the event with over 80 yachts racing in the 2014 Cowes Week regatta.  This regatta included a yacht originally built over a century ago in 1911 named Madcap - sail number X5.

The oldest XOD - X1 Mistletoe belongs to The National Maritime Museum of Greenwich, London. It is on display in Cowes, Isle of Wight at the  Classic Boat Museum.

XOD Fleet

References

External links
 X One Design Class Association

Keelboats
One-design sailing classes


title: Carl von Münstermann

text:
Carl von Münstermann  (December 20, 1843 in Werne - 20 September 1930 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf) was a German engineer and land improvement officer. He was a professor of culture and technology at the Agricultural University of Berlin (Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Berlin).

References

Engineers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German agronomists
1843 births
1930 deaths
People from Werne


title: Meroni doctrine

text:
In European Union (EU) law, the Meroni doctrine, which arose from cases C-9/56 and C-10/56 (Meroni v High Authority [1957/1958] ECR 133), relates to the extent to which EU institutions may delegate their tasks to regulatory agencies. The doctrine is controversial, notably because it would be anachronistic in view of the growing complexity of EU competences.

In the view of some, the Meroni doctrine no longer holds since the 2014 European Court of Justice judgement in the UK v Parliament and Council case on the Short Selling Regulation, where the Court upheld most of the provisions that were delegated to the European Securities and Markets Authority by the co-legislators.

References

Court of Justice of the European Union case law


title: Malmgren, Saskatchewan

text:
Malmgren is an unincorporated community in the Rural Municipality of Marriott No. 317 in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Malmgren belongs to the federal electoral district of Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar which was formerly known as Saskatoon—Rosetown.

References

Unincorporated communities in Saskatchewan
M


title: Ida Keeling

text:
Ida Olivia Keeling ( Potter, May 15, 1915 – August 28, 2021) was an American centenarian track and field athlete. Trained by her daughter Cheryl (Shelley) Keeling, herself a world record holder, Ida set Masters records in 60 meter and 100 meter distances for women in the 95-99 and 100-plus age groups.

Her story was featured in a segment in the Carl Reiner-hosted documentary If You're Not in the Obit, Eat Breakfast, on aging over 90, which premiered on HBO in June 2017. Ida was also featured on Our America with Lisa Ling on the Oprah Winfrey Network.

Sports records

60 metres and 100 metre dash
In 2011, at 95 years old, Keeling set the world record in her age group for running 60 meters at 29.86 seconds at a track meet in Manhattan, and in 2012 she set the W95 American record at the USATF Eastern Regional Conference Championships at 51.85. In 2014, at the 2014 Gay Games, Keeling set the fastest known time by a 99-year-old woman for the 100-meter dash at 59.80 seconds; at the time the relevant USA Track & Field webpage did not include a 100-meter record for US women older than the 90–94 age division.

100 metres
On April 30, 2016, Keeling became the first woman in history to complete a 100-meter run at the age of 100. Her time of 1:17.33 was witnessed by a crowd of 44,469 at the 2016 Penn Relays.

Personal life
Keeling's parents, Osborne and Mary Potter, emigrated to the United States from the island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands. She was raised in Harlem, New York.

Keeling's mother died when Ida was young and her husband died of a heart attack when she was 42. She had four children, two of whom, Charles and Donald, died in drug-related killings in 1978 and 1980 respectively. Her elder daughter, Laura, worked as the CEO of two National Urban League affiliates. Her younger daughter, Shelley, is a lawyer and real estate investor who also coached for a local high school. Shelley also coached her mother and first convinced her to run in a "mini-run" at the age of 67.

In the book Can’t Nothing Bring Me Down: Chasing Myself in the Race against Time (2018), by Ida Keeling and Anita Diggs, Ida explained the secret to her health and fitness, stating she worked out 2-4 times a week and attended dancing classes. Her diet consisted of greens, fruit and cod liver oil, and she would have Hennessy with her coffee once a week.

She died in August 2021 at the age of 106.

Additional
List of centenarian masters track and field athletes

References

External links
 Indoor 60m at age 102'''
 Ida's website "Healthy past 100"

1915 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
Sportspeople from Harlem
Track and field athletes from New York City
Women centenarians
World record holders in masters athletics
American people of British Virgin Islands descent


title: Scottdale Giants

text:
The Scottdale Giants were a minor league baseball, based in Scottdale, Pennsylvania in 1907. That season the team was a member of the Western Pennsylvania League. However to begin the 1908 season, they were renamed the Scottdale Millers and moved into the Pennsylvania–West Virginia League. During the 1908 season, the team relocated to Grafton, West Virginia and became the Grafton Wanderers.

References

Baseball teams established in 1907
Defunct minor league baseball teams
Pennsylvania-West Virginia League teams
Western Pennsylvania League teams
1908 establishments in Pennsylvania
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1908
Defunct baseball teams in Pennsylvania
Baseball teams disestablished in 1908
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania


title: Henricus Münstermann

text:
Henricus Münstermann (c.1470 - 23 April 1537) was a German Catholic priest. He was Abbot of Marienfeld from 1498 until his death in 1537.

Life
Münstermann was born in Münster to Johann Münstermann and his wife Gertrud. His brother Dietrich later became the mayor of Münster.

When Münstermann first joined the Cistercian monastery in Marienfeld, he administered student fellowships. He was elected abbot in late 1498 and received his consecration from the Münsteran auxiliary bishop Heinrich Schodehoet. Henricus was abbot for 39 years, making him the longest serving abbot of Marienfeld.

References

1537 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
German Cistercians
German abbots
16th-century German people


The Chief Son-I-Hat's Whale House and Totems Historic District, also known as the New Kasaan Totem Pole Park, is a historic district encompassing the relocated remnants of Old Kasaan, a historic village of the Haida people in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska.  Now located in new Kasaan, the property includes the c. 1880 clan house of Chief Son-I-Hat, the Haida leader who oversaw the relocation of the people from Old to New Kasaan, and a totem pole he moved.  In the 1930s, crews from the Civilian Conservation Corps relocated and/or replicated additional totem poles at the house site, restored the house, constructed a small park, and cut a trail from the center of new Kasaan to the park and adjacent cemeteries.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska

References

External links
Chief Son-I-Hat's Whale House and Totems Historic District at The Living New Deal Project

Buildings and structures completed in 1904
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
National Register of Historic Places in Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska
Native American history of Alaska


title: Compeed

text:
Compeed (contraction of "Competition" and "Seed") is a brand of hydrocolloid gel plasters for treating blisters, corns, cracked heels and cold sores. It was originally developed by Lars Backsell while working in Denmark for Coloplast A/S. The brand was sold to Johnson & Johnson in May 2002, then acquired by HRA Pharma in 2017. Compeed plasters are still manufactured by Coloplast.

The product originally was designed for treating ostomy patients.

History

1984 - Lars Backsell, while working as a General Manager at Coloplast, identified an untapped niche in the plaster market for band aids that help relieve blisters from certain sports. Lars conducted a clinical trial with the Swedish army to test a prototype that was used to develop a skin barrier for bandaging purposes based on hydrocolloid technology. The initial product used an ostomy sheet and sold as a blister protective bandage through pharmacies to consumers.

1986 - Compeed was first sold in Sweden before being registered in the USA in the category of antiseptic cleaning tissues as a trademark under serial number 73589785.

1988 - Compeed got FDA approval.

2002 - "Compeed X-TREME Flex" plaster by Jan Marcussen included into MoMA design collection.

2002 - The brand sold to Johnson & Johnson in May 2002

2004 - "Compeed X-TREME Flex" plaster wins Danish Design Award.

2007 - Compeed was awarded Nicholas Hall's New Product of the Year.

Technology
The hydrocolloidal plaster contains croscarmellose sodium (an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble polymer), and tackifier resins. The top level of the plaster is made of elastomer (that ensures that the plaster stays on skin even while moving) and polyurethane film.

When applied to the blister, it starts to absorb body liquids turning into a soft mass that cushions the blister. It seals the blister forming so-called "second skin". The plaster doesn't heal the wound. It prevents the blister from developing and helps new skin to grow underneath the plaster.

The cushioned zone created by the plaster relieves pain and protects the wound from rubbing. The plaster repels water, and stops dirt and germs from entering the wound, thus preventing infection.

At first, the plaster absorbs all the moisture from the blister but over time it becomes more permeable so the wound dries out. Unlike ordinary dressings, the hydrocolloidal plaster stays on the wound for several days and it stays on even in the shower.

The corn removing plaster works in a similar way. Only that it absorbs the moisture resulting from salicylic acid acting on the corn (dissolving it).

Consumer research
Compeed conducts consumer insight research.

2012 research indicated that 58 percent of women take off their shoes during a night out because of the pain. It also showed that the average heel worn by British women is 3.3 inches, the highest heels across Europe.

Endorsers

Compeed endorsers include tennis players Roger Federer and Caroline Wozniacki as well as British actress Victoria Shalet.

References

First aid


title: 2014 Thai surrogacy controversy

text:
In July 2014, a Thai woman, Pattaramon Chanbua, hired as a surrogate mother by an Australian couple, David John Farnell and Wenyu Wendy Li, sought to raise money for her critically-ill surrogate son, Gammy. The infant had been in her care since December 2013, when the  biological parents, Farnell and Li, had left Thailand with baby Gammy's twin sister Pipah.

When ultrasound results seven months into the surrogate pregnancy indicated that Chanbua was carrying twins and that one of the twins, a boy, had Down syndrome, Farnell and Li requested that she abort him, and that they would keep only the child's twin sister. Chanbua refused, citing her Buddhist beliefs, and instead opted to raise the boy (named Gammy) on her own. Thai surrogacy laws dictate that a child's legal mother is its birth mother. The Farnells returned to Australia in December 2013, bringing baby Gammy's twin sister Pipah with them.

After the story broke to media, donors amassed a fund of more than  to help baby Gammy.

The incident raised questions about the ethics of gestational surrogacy. The fact that David Farnell is a convicted sex offender (he was sentenced to three years in prison in 1997 for molesting two girls aged 7 and 10) has also caused controversy. There were also rumors that the Farnells believed that Gammy had died, but this was not true; it was David Farnell's adult daughter who claimed that Gammy died and she did so because she thought it would be easier to explain it to her friends.

In response to the controversy, Thailand authorities reportedly banned surrogate babies from leaving the country with their parents. Hundreds of foreign couples were reported to have been affected. A law was also drafted making paid surrogacy a criminal offense in Thailand.

In response to the controversy, since July 30, 2015 Thailand has banned foreign residents from commercial surrogacy contract arrangements, under the Protection of Children Born from Assisted Reproductive Technologies Act. Only opposite-sex married couples as Thailand residents are allowed to have a commercial surrogacy contract arrangement. In past Thailand was a popular destination for couples seeking surrogate mothers.

A charity involved in the case has stated that David Farnell has tried to access the funds raised for Gammy. However, an inquest into Farnell and Li's contact with his daughter by Australian authorities found that there was no evidence to suggest Farnell ever attempted to access the funds set aside for Gammy.    Additionally, it was found Farnell and Li had attempted to bring Gammy home, but the surrogate mother initially had objections and had intended to adopt Gammy without Farnell and Li, so they had left Gammy behind in a mix-up of cultural and language barriers.

It was ruled Pipah is not allowed to be alone with David Farnell and the agreement that she must be read a photobook with age-appropriate language every three months for the foreseeable future that explains her father's offenses.

Gammy was later granted Australian citizenship on Chanbua's application on the basis that Gammy's biological father David Farnell was Australian.

David Farnell died in July 2020, reportedly from an asbestos-related illness.

See also
 Google Baby (de)

References

Surrogacy
Thai surrogacy controversy
Surrogacy controversy
Down syndrome
Controversies in Australia
Controversies in Thailand


title: European route E583

text:
European route E 583 is a European B-class road connecting the city of Roman in Romania with Zhytomyr in Ukraine, via Moldova.

Route

 : Roman (E85) – Săbăoani
 : Săbăoani – Târgu Frumos (Start of concurrency with E58) – Iași
 : Iași – Sculeni

 : Sculeni (End of concurrency with E58) – Răuțel
 : Răuțel – Bălți – Edineț
 : Edineț – Otaci

 : Mohyliv-Podilskyi – Vinnytsia (E50) – Berdychiv – Zhytomyr (E40)

External links
 UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
 International E-road network

Roads in Romania
Roads in Moldova
European routes in Ukraine