title: Hisham ibn al-Hakam

text:
Hisham ibn al-Hakam () or Abul Hakam Hisham ibn Hakam Kendi was an 8th century AD (2nd century AH) Shiite scholar and a companion of Jafar al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kadhim. It was Hisham who defended the doctrine of Imamate. His debates on different religious matters are alive till present days.

Biography
The exact year of the birth of Hisham is not clear, but it is understood from several sources that he was born from Hakam in Kufa, the centre of Iraqi's Shiites, in the beginning of the second century AH, and grew up in Waset. Afterwards he lived a few years in Baghdad where he was conducting business. He was interested in Islamic theology and in his youth he was a follower of Jahm bin Safwan, leader of the Jahmi Sect. Afterwards during some debates with Jafar al-Sadiq, he became one of his followers. Of his first visit to the seventh Shiite imam, he himself says that one day while selling fabric under a shaded tree, Musa al-Kadhim happened to ride by. "He turned his face to me and said, 'O Hisham, selling something in the shadows is similar to cheating, and cheating is unlawful in Islam.'"

Debates
It is said that Hisham was skillful in debates, and that he said: "By God, till this day when I am standing here, nobody has defeated me in religious discourses."
Jafar al-Sadiq used to praise him for his debates, in spite of the fact that the imam would advise his other companions not to engage in discussion, saying "Don't enter into a discussion, especially one about which you have no knowledge."

When a learned Syrian came to al-Sadiq to exchange views on various issues with him, the Imam made him discuss them with some of his disciples instead. Among these disciples were Hamran ibn A'yan, Aban ibn Taghlab, Zarareh, Taiyar, Hisham ibn Salem, and Hisham ibn Hakam. Then to show that not every kind of discussion is eligible he said "O Syrian brother, Hamran ibn A'yan came out victorious over you by distorting the facts and using clever speech and set forth his questions to you in a suitable and proper time; and you could not reply to him. Aban ibn Taghlab confused right and wrong to oust you from the combat of the debate and asked you questions to which you could not give the proper answers. But Zarareh defeated you with the help of analogy and allegory. Taiyar, another companion is just like that bird which sits sometimes and then rises up and
you are just like that wingless bird which has no power to rise up after sitting down once. Hisham ibn Salem used to put questions again and again cleverly. But Hisham ibn Hakam entered the arena with reasoning and diction and argued with you by means of logical reasoning."

On Imamate
Hisham wrote many books concerning the subject of the Imamate, and scholars of his time regarded him as the defender of the doctrine of "Imamate" and the "eye of the shiite" as he was a watchful protector of those who apposed imamat.

It is said that once a Syrian came to the Imam and he made some of his disciples to discuss with him in turn. Finally, the Imam turned his face to the Syrian and said: "If you like, you could also discuss with this young man - Hisham." The man addressed Hisham rudely and said, "O boy! If you have anything to say about the Imamate of your Imam, tell me?" Hisham, while shivering from anger said, "O sir, has your Lord created the human beings in vain and left them without any leader and guide?" The Syrian replied: "the Kind Creator is generous towards His servants and is not neglectful of them." Hisham said, "If it is just as you say, then describe the conditions of their leadership and guidance." The Syrian replied, "God has appointed His Hujjat (Guide) for the human beings, so that they might not dispute among themselves and not separate from each other. Rather they must love each other and come to friendly terms between themselves. The guide must explain the commandments of the Creator for them."

Hisham asked: "Who is that guide and leader?" The Syrian replied: "The Prophet of God." Hisham said: "When the Prophet left this world, who became responsible for the guidance of these people?" The Syrian replied: "The Quran and the traditions of the Prophet." Hisham said: "Today, it is a very long time since the death of the Prophet. Do you think the Book and the traditions alone can solve the disputes?" He replied: "Yes, of course, they are enough and sufficient." Hisham said: "If it is just as you say, then why do you and I dispute and why have you travelled such a long way from Syria?..."

With the chief of the Kharajites
The chief of the Kharijites was a learned man. Before starting with the debate Hisham said to his opponent that he was ready for the debate but they should appoint a referee among themselves so that if the discussion "be lengthy and reach a place where there may occur some problems and complications and both of us may not accept the reality due to obstinacy… so he may be able to make us return at the time of our deviation from the right path." When the Khregite agreed Hisham asked "who should be this referee and a follower of which religion? Should he be one of my supporters or one of your friends? Or one who oppose both of our beliefs or be opposed to the Muslim community and Islam?"

The Karegit said "You should select anyone whom you like, because you are a just man and I am satisfied with your selection."
"In my opinion," said Hisham, "it is a difficult task because if that judge comes from among my supporters then you will not be safe from his party spirit; and if he comes from among your supporters then I may not be safe. On the contrary, if he is from among the opponents and against both of our beliefs, then none of us may be safe from the harm of his unjustified arbitration. Then it is advisable that one man from each side oversees our speech; and witnesses our discussion and debate and arbitrates according to justice and fairness," recommended Hisham.

When the Kharegit agreed Hisham turned his face towards Yahya who held this discussion and said: "O Vizier (minister), be a witness that I have disapproved of his reasoning and have condemned him and have made him helpless. He has nothing to say anymore and I also do not need to debate with him." And when they asked him how he condemned the man while the discussion had not started yet, he said "Is it not true that in the beginning these Kharajites, were of the same opinion as we were concerning the matter of Imamate and the Wilayah of Ali until the problem of the arbitration occurred in the Battle of Siffin? They acted rudely… and called him (Ali) an infidel because of the acceptance of the arbitration although they themselves compelled him to accept this matter. Now this learned man who is himself respectable and reliable among his followers, has accepted the arbitration and judgement of the two men without any compulsion and force - one of these two men is my follower who is an infidel according to his Khawarijite belief and the other is his own supporter. Both of them have different beliefs and are opposed to each other. Now if he is right in choosing the arbitration and has chosen the right path, then there is no cause for him to criticize Amirul Mu'mineen who is more worthy and wise..."

Books
Hisham wrote many books on Islamic issues. Mohsen Amili, refuting Jalaluddin Seuti who had said that the first writer of fundamental of Muslim laws was Shafi'i, mentions the names of some scholars to prove that Hisham is the first man who wrote books on the fundamentals of speculative theology. Hisham was also skilled in argumentation about the Creator, unity of God, attributes of His Glory, discussion on free will, and natural philosophy. In spite of these, however, he has not always been a favorable character. Some scholars blamed him for dualism and infidelity and writes that he believed in corporeality of God. Responding the accusation, 'Alamul Huda, a Shiite scholar writes: "this famous sentence 'God is corporeal but not like other corporal bodies' which Hisham has been accused of saying, has been interpreted in different ways." Hisham was, he says, debating with Muʿtazila and he had to use their own phraseology.

Al-Shahrastani, the writer of the book Al-Milal wa al-Nihal said a similar thing when he wrote
that Hisham used this phrase during his debates with the group of Ghulat (extremists).

Some of his works:
 Kitab al-Imama (Book on the Imamate)
 Kitab al-Dalalat ala Huduth al-Ashya (Book on the Signs for the Creation of Things)
 Kitab al-Radd ala al-Zanadiqa (Book on the Answers to the Unbelievers)
 Kitab Ashab al-Ithnayn (Book on the Companions of the Two Persons)
 Kitab al-Tawhid (Book on the Oneness of Allah)
 Kitab al-Radd ala Hisham al-Jawaliqi (Book on the Answers to Hisham al-Jawaliqi)
 Kitab al-Radd ala Ashab al-Tabaiya (Book on the Answers to those Who Believe in Natures)
 Kitab al-Shaykh wa al-Ghulam (Book on the Old Man and the Boy)
 Kitab al-Tadbeer (Book on Management)
 Kitab al-Maydan (Book on the Field)
 Kitab al-Mizan (Book on the Balance)
 Kitab al-Radd ala men qala fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on the Answers to Those Who Believe in the Imamate of the Less Excellent)
 Kitab Ikhtilaf al-Nas fi Imamat al-Mafdul (Book on that the People are Different over the Imamate of al-Mafdul)
 Kitab al-Wasiya wa al-Radd ala men ankereha (Book on the Testament and the Answers to Those Who Deny It)
 Kitab al-Jabur wa al-Qadar (Book on Compulsion and Fate).
 Kitab al-Hakamayn (Book on the Two Arbitrators)
 Kitab al-Radd'ala al-Muʿtazila fi Telha wa al-Zubayr (Book on the Answers to the Muʿtazilites Concerning Telha and al-Zubayr)
 Kitab al-Qeder (Book on Fate)
 Kitab al-Alfad (Book on the Words)
 Kitab al-Ma„rifa (Book on Knowledge)
 Kitab al-Istita'a (Book on Capability)
 Kitab al-Themaniyat Abbwab (Book on Eight Chapters)
 Kitab al-Radd ala Shaytan al-Taq (Book on the Answers to Shaytan al-Taq)
 Kitab al-Akhbar kayfa tufteh (Book on How the Traditions Are Opened)
 Kitab al-Radd ala Aristotle fi al-Tawhid (Book on the Answers to Aristotle in Monotheism)
 Kitab al-Radd ala al-Muʿtazila (Book on the Answers to the Muʿtazilites)
 Kitab al-Majalis fi al-Imama (Book on the Gatherings concerning the Imamate)
 Kitab Ilal al-Tehreem (Book on the Causes of Prohibition)
 Kitab al-Radd ala al-Qederiya (Book on the Answers to the Fatalists) Imam Musa read it, and praised him saying: "He has left nothing!"
 Kitab al-Fara'id (Book on the Religious Duties).

Notes

References

Shia Islam
People from Kufa


title: Shadow Era

text:
Shadow Era (also known as SE) is a free online digital collectible card game created by Vietnamese developer Wulven Studios. Cross platform gameplay is central to the digital version's design and it is supported on PC, Mac, iOS, and Android. A physical version has also been released.

Gameplay
The game Shadow Era is currently played between two players. Each player has a Hero which starts with 26-30 health. Players win the game when they reduce the opponents health to 0. Heroes can lose life when they are dealt "damage" by being attacked with summoned allies, abilities and weapons. A Hero will also lose 1 health for each card they are unable to draw when their deck is empty.

Shadow Era currently consists of 5 in-game sets: Call of the Crystals, Dark Prophecies, Shattered Fates, Lost Lands Part 1, and Campaigns.

A player may only include cards in their deck that match the ‘Faction’ and ‘Class’ of the Hero they are using. Cards classed as ‘Neutral’ can be used by any Hero. A deck must contain a minimum of 39 cards and 1 Hero. (Exclusions exist when playing the AI in the digital version). New game modes have also been unveiled, such as Rated matches, Unrated matches, and Meltdown. In Rated matches, you are paired up with another human player. The winner's rating and score increases. Unrated matches do not increase your rating, although you are allowed to make private matches with or without a password. Meltdown is a game mode where you pick four random booster packs, pick one of the Heroes that came in those packs, build a deck with the cards from the packs, and play a match using it. Class and Faction restrictions are removed for Meltdown. You are not allowed to keep the Hero or the cards used in Meltdown.

Currencies within the game include Gold and Shadow Crystals. Gold can be collected from winning matches in Rated, ranking in the weekly Meltdown ladder, and selling cards to the in-game merchant. Shadow Crystals can be acquired by leveling up either your Hero level or your account level, and by purchasing from the in-game store for real money. Gold can be used to purchase new cards from the in-game merchant. Shadow Crystals can be used to purchase name changes, booster packs, class decks, as well as card sleeves and playmats. Shadow Crystals can be sent between players, but Gold cannot currently be shared with others.

Resources
Shadow Era uses a Resource system to cover the summoning cost of every card. Each turn, the player has an option to sacrifice a card to add to their Resource pool. Each card has a summoning cost at the top left, and this number represents how many cards must have been sacrificed total, called Resources, in order to summon that card into play. Resources refresh every turn, allowing players to accumulate Resources over the duration of the match.

Heroes
There are different types of Heroes as well. These include Warrior, Mage, Priest, Rogue, Hunter, Wulven, and Elemental. There are currently 32 Heroes in the digital game. Each player has the ability to buy different Heroes from the merchant screen in-game. Players are able to customize and alter their decks to fit their playing style. When you start the game, you will see a map, which will be related to the Lore of the Hero selected. On each map there are 10 available missions, with 1 (easy), 2 (medium), and 3 (hard) star difficulties.

Current Human Faction Heroes:
Boris Skullcrusher (Human Warrior),
Amber Rain (Human Warrior),
Tala Pureheart (Human Warrior),
Nishaven (Human Mage),
Eladwen Frostmire (Human Mage),
Aramia (Human Mage),
Loest, Savior of Layar (Human Mage),
Victor Heartstriker (Human Hunter),
Gwenneth Truesight (Human Hunter),
Ythan Redthorn (Human Hunter),
Lance Shadowstalker (Human Rogue),
Serena Thoughtripper (Human Rogue),
Garth Ravensoul (Human Rogue),
Zhanna Mist (Human Priest),
Jericho Spellbane (Human Priest),
Threbin the Righteous (Human Priest)

Current Shadow Faction Heroes:
Ter Adun (Shadow Warrior),
Logan Stonebreaker (Shadow Warrior),
Vess Swifthands (Shadow Warrior),
Rothem, King of Layar (Shadow Warrior),
Gravebone (Shadow Mage),
Majiya (Shadow Mage),
Raikka Spellseeker (Shadow Mage),
Banebow (Shadow Hunter),
Baduruu (Shadow Hunter),
Skervox (Shadow Hunter),
Zaladar (Shadow Elemental),
Elementalis (Shadow Elemental),
Praxix (Shadow Elemental),
Darkclaw (Shadow Wulven),
Moonstalker (Shadow Wulven),
Bloodfang (Shadow Wulven)

Guilds
Guilds are a growing and constantly evolving part of Shadow Era. Popular apps on the iOS App Store and the Android Google Play Store are used for communication between members, including Telegram and QQ. Guilds in Shadow Era are free to create, and tend to congregate on their chosen communications app.

The guilds in Shadow Era are simply groups of players who wish to excel in the game and formed cooperative and competitive teams to do so. You will see guild members in-game marked by their guild tag in front of their player names. (Example: SD Vexmaw)

The guild list will grow, shrink, and change, but the idea stays the same: groups of players helping each other become better at Shadow Era and enjoy the game together.

Reception

Critical reception for Shadow Era has been positive and it currently holds a ranking of 90 on Metacritic (based on 5 reviews) and 90% on GameRankings (based on 2 reviews). AppSpy rated the game as 4 out of 5, writing "Shadow Era is a great first step for what could be a fantastic TCG for iOS devices - there's a lot of room for improvement, but the core gameplay is worth checking out if you're a fan of these sorts of games."

References

External links

In others game: Shadowverse: Shadow Era Decks

Android (operating system) games
Browser games
Video games developed in Vietnam
Digital collectible card games
Fantasy video games
Free-to-play video games
IOS games
MacOS games
2011 video games
Windows games


title: Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi

text:
Ali ibn Mahziar al-Ahvazi () was an early and prominent Shia religious judicial scholar, narrator and scholar. Mahziar was a ninth-century scholar and companion of Ali al-Rida (Reza), Muhammad al-Jawad, Ali al-Hadi, and Hasan al-Askari, the eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh of the Twelve Imams. Also, he was their agent in some areas particularly Ahvaz. Mahziar learned Islamic jurisprudence from these Shia Imams. Shia scholars accepted his religious narrates about the Fourteen Infallibles with complete confidence. Al-Ahvazi is noted for his writings, including a Kitab al-malahim [Book of Prophecies], as well as a Kitab al-qa'im.

Mahziar was born in Hendijan but owing to the fact that Hendijan was Doraq (today known as Shadegan) city suburban he was known as Doraq resident. His father was Christian, but in his youth along with his father converted to Islam. Later he stayed in Ahvaz.

The time of his death is unknown, but presumably he died during Hasan al-Askari'a era. There is holy shrine of Ali ibn Mahziar in Ahvaz.

Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Shia Imam, entered Ahvaz on his way to Khorasan and stayed in the city, since Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, commanded to transfer Ali al-Ridha to Khorasan from Medina. A few days later, on Ali al-Ridha's accommodation, a mosque named Masjed Al-Redha was built which Ali ibn Mahziar's body buried in it according to his will. There is a salon, in the western part next-door to the grave. It's supposed to be the mosque that mentioned before.

Life
Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi was the agent of al-Jawad and later al-Hadi in Ahwaz. The two sons of Ali ibn Mahziar, named Ibrahim and Muhammad, later served in Ahwaz as the representatives of Muhammad al-Mahdi.  describes a visit to al-Hadi by Ali and his brother Ibrahim in 228 AH (842-3), which signals that the Imam had finally emerged by this time from his isolation under hostile Abbasid caretakers. Ali and his brother likely continued to represent al-Hadi afterward because Ibrahim's son Muhammad reported the instructions of his father on his deathbed to deliver some money to Hafs ibn Amr, another representative in Baghdad.

Works
He wrote two books, namely, Kitab al-Malahim and Kitab al-Qa'im, both about occultation, which is the Twelver belief that al-Askari has a son Muhammad al-Mahdi, who has been miraculously concealed from the public since 874 and would return as the eschatological Mahdi at the end of time.

Other works of Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi's are as follows:
"Ablution", "Salah", "Zakat", "Fasting", "Hajj", "Divorce", "Virtues", "Examples", "Prayer", "Luxury and Marwah", "Shrine", "Rejection "On the grain", "wills", "inheritance", "khums", "martyrdom", "virtues of the believers", "taqiyyah", "hunting", "drinking", "vow of faith" and "atonement", "limits", " Diyat "," Ataq and Tadbir "," Trades and Rents "," Makaseb "," Tafsir ".

Teachers
Among the teachers of Ali Ibn Mahziar Ahvazi:

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, Ahmad ibn Ishaq Abhari, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr, Hassan ibn Ali ibn Fadhal, Hamad ibn Isa, Safwan ibn Yahya, Hassan ibn Mahbub, Hussein ibn Saeed Ahwazi, Abdullah ibn Yahya, Muhammad ibn Hassan Qomi, Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Bazi, Musa Ibn Qasim, ...

Letter of the 9th Shia-Imam (Al-Javad)
The letter of the 9th Imam of the Shia Islam (Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawad (Arabic: محمد بن علي الجواد), about Ali bin Mahziyar Ahwazi:

"O Ali, may God reward you well and make you dwell in his paradise, and protect you from humiliation in this world and the hereafter, and may he gather you with us... If I say that I have not seen anyone like you, I hope that I have spoken the truth "

References

Iranian Shia scholars of Islam
People from Ahvaz
People from Khuzestan Province
People from Shadegan
Hadith narrators
Shia scholars of Islam
Iranian Shia Muslims
Shia Islamic holy places

External links
 New Zarih Unveiled at Ali ibn Mahziar Shrine in Ahvaz


title: Jameh Mosque of Urmia

text:
The Jāme Mosque of Urmia (), also known as the Rezayieh Mosque (, Masjid-e-Rezayieh), is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāme) of Urmia, Iran. The mosque is situated in the older part of the city and was constructed in 13th century during the Ilkhanate era.

Gallery

See also
Holiest sites in Shia Islam

References

Further reading

External links
 The pictures of Jameh Mosque of Urmia

Mosques in Iran
Buildings and structures in Urmia
13th-century mosques
Mosque buildings with domes
Urmia


title: Neyveli Zero Lignite Power Station

text:
The Neyveli Zero Lignite Power Station is an lignite based power station at Neyveli in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The power station is owned by ST CMS Electric Company India Limited, which is a subsidiary of TAQA (also known as Abu Dhabi National Energy Company) which acquired it from Sharad Tak Power Systems in 2007.

Capacity
The installed capacity of the power plant in 250 MW (1x250 MW). There were allegation of corruption in granting of power plant to Sharad Tak Power Systems.

References

Coal-fired power stations in Tamil Nadu
Cuddalore district
Energy infrastructure completed in 2002
2002 establishments in Tamil Nadu


title: Ashish Garg

text:
Ashish Garg is an Indian education futurist and non-executive director for Ricoh India.

Educational activities
As an education futurist she studies emerging global trends and the challenges and opportunities they present in the context of K-12 education. A strong advocate of the ‘innovation ready over career ready' paradigm, she is better known for her 'Discover Tomorrow Progressive Principals Workshops'. She believes that human capacity to dream and to lead enriched and fulfilled lives in the future depends on the choices we make today and that ‘future is not something that happens to us, it is something we create.’ Within this context her quest for a ‘preferred’ future as compared to a ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ future drives her work and commitment to the future of learning.

A former member of the UN ICT Task Force, her experiences with educational technology and youth development give her a perspective on defining the future of learning. She advises and consults with country governments, education boards and progressive school leaders across India, the Middle East and Africa. She is an invited speaker to national and international forums including the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank and UN meetings in Asia, Africa and Europe. She also serves on the jury of several ICT and Education Awards.

Directorial positions
Ashish Garg is the chair of the advisory board of the Economic Times Education Initiative – ‘Future of Learning (2014–2016)’. She sits on the board of Ricoh India Ltd, UNESCO’s Open Knowledge Community and the North East Development Foundation. She headed the creation of India's National Policy on ICT in Education as a strategic advisor to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. She also led the development of the Rajasthan Education Initiative, a multi-stakeholder education project in partnership with the Government of Rajasthan, World Economic Forum and Confederation of Indian Industry. An expert on multi-stakeholder partnerships in education, she is the author of several publications.

Qualifications
Ashish is a gold medalist with Honors in English Literature and a national scholarship award. She also holds a degree in Education and Human Resource Management.

References

External links
 Ashish Garg website

Living people
Indian women educational theorists
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Black Horse, Preston

text:
The Black Horse is a Grade II listed public house at 166 Friargate, Preston, Lancashire, England PR1 2EJ.

It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.

It was built in 1898, and the architect was J. A. Seward, for the Atlas Brewery Company of Manchester.

The Black Horse is currently owned by Robinsons Brewery.

References

Grade II listed pubs in Lancashire
National Inventory Pubs
Buildings and structures in Preston


title: Bianca Mosca

text:
Bianca Mosca, born Bianca Lea Rosa Mottironi, was a London-based fashion designer who rose to prominence during the 1940s and was the only woman member of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers (IncSoc), which represented the interests of the British couture industry. In her heyday she was described as "one of the big 10 of the British fashion world", the others being Digby Morton, Norman Hartnell, Charles Creed, Molyneux, Worth, Mattli, Victor Stiebel, Hardy Amies, and Peter Russell. Her firm closed in 1949, a year before her death.

Early life and Paris career
Little is known about the early life of Bianca Mosca, but she was Italian by birth and a cousin of the fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli, according to a 1932 article in The New Yorker, which describes her as: "the beautiful Bianca Mosca (Schiaparelli's cousin)". The New Yorker article notes that she had been among Schiaparelli's notable vendeuses (salespeople) in Paris. Mosca told a reporter in 1941 that she had spent eighteen years in Paris.

Move to London
In 1937 Mosca launched a business in London. She was also appointed head designer for the London branch of the House of Paquin and also worked for Worth. In 1939 she became head designer for the Jacqmar studio, and it was both as its representative and as Paquin London's that she joined the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers as a founder member in 1942. In her role with IncSoc and Jacqmar, she became involved with designing prototype utility clothing designs.

With other IncSoc members, she became involved in creating film costumes to promote British couture. The 1949 romantic comedy Maytime in Mayfair is among her credits. Earlier, she created a wedding dress for Peggy Bryan for the 1945 horror film Dead of Night—the slim-fitting bridal outfit made under the Bianca Mosca label was photographed by the Ministry of Information.

Marriage
In London, in 1942, Mosca married Claude Boisragon Crawford (born 1895), an India-born former British Army officer turned technician.<ref>The Catholic Who's Who", Francis Cowley Burnand, Burns & Oates., 1952, page 93</ref>

Eponymous label
In 1946, Mosca opened her own couture house; this had financial backing from George Child Villiers, 9th Earl of Jersey, who would marry Mosca's niece Bianca Mottironi the following year. In early 1949, a review of her collection in the Australian press highlighted "semi-eveningwear"—sleeveless, floor length gowns in organza or brocade with full underskirts and coats designed on similar principles. At this stage, Mosca's notable clients included the Duchess of Kent. One of her co-designers was Walter Meggison, who went on to a successful career as a fashion designer in his native Australia in the 1950s.

Mosca continued to work to promote British fashion. She and Victor Stiebel—who succeeded her at Jacqmar—showed a series of suits in London in 1949 using British woollens and worsteds in a bid to attract overseas buyers. Mosca was closely involved with Sekers fabrics in Whitehaven, using its silks in her collections and working with some of its innovative fabrics. In 1949, she donated a dress to the collection of Doris Langley Moore, later to establish the Fashion Museum, Bath. The dress was permanently pleated and made of nylon fabric – as such, it became the first British couture dress in the collection to feature a synthetic silk. Mosca designed a showstopping black brocaded silk evening gown for Margot Fonteyn, worn by the prima ballerina at a reception in New York after her opening performance of Sleeping Beauty in 1949. Fonteyn was photographed by Cecil Beaton for  British Vogue in this dress.

By December 1949 Mosca's eponymous label was failing and the receivers were called in—this during a post-war slump in sales of British couture, due to a dwindling home market and overseas buyers' preference for Paris fashions. Claude Crawford, Mosca's husband, told the newspaper reporting the story that the company intended to continue trading under the Bianca Mosca name and was still taking orders.

Death and legacy
Having fallen ill with "a rare form of asthma"  in 1949, the same year that she underwent what was described as "a serious operation", Mosca died at Paris's Hôpital Necker in June 1950.  Her obituary notice in The Sydney Morning Herald notes that she had recently opened an office in Paris to promote British fabrics in France. A short tribute in The Times noted: "Fashion was her métier, and she epitomized the chic that she dispensed". In October 1951, it was announced in The Yorkshire Post'' that a trust fund would be established by friends of Bianca Mosca in order to award a fashion design scholarship in her name. In 1954, the Council of the Royal Society of Arts took over the administration of the Bianca Mosca Memorial Trust, introducing two new bursaries for designers in the field of fashion, shoes, millinery or jewellery and announcing that the awards jury would include Edward Molyneux and Audrey Withers.

References

Italian fashion designers
Italian women fashion designers
British women fashion designers
1950 deaths
1930s fashion
1940s fashion
British people of Italian descent
British fashion designers
Year of birth missing


title: Fernand Sabatté

text:
Fernand Sabatté was a French painter and sculptor who is best known for his architectural painting and portrait work, as well as salvaging church monuments and bombed out churches in the zone rouge during World War I.

Early life

He was born in Aiguillon, Lot-et-Garonne 14 May 1874. Sabatté's parents separated in 1880 and he moved with his mother to Bordeaux. Having studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, in 1893 he began working there in the studio of Gustave Moreau. At his first exhibition at the Paris Salon, a portrait of his grandmother was purchased by the state.

Artistic career and recognition

In 1900 he won the Grand Prix de Rome for his painting Un Spartiate et l'Ilote. From 1926 he taught painting, first at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lille until 1929, then at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His student Louise Cottin won a second prize of Rome in 1934. Also in 1929, he founded the bimonthly magazine Art. He entered the Academy of Fine Arts of the Institute of France in 1935 (painting section, chair 5). Viewed as an academic painter, who was heavily influenced by his religion, which has been described as bordering on mystical. He remained heavily influenced by his tutor Moreau, retaining a very realistic style of painting, only briefly experimenting with Impressionism. He is credited, amongst other Paris artists, as fostering a new generation of modern women artists. There is a street in his native Aiguillon named in his honour.

Military career

During World War I Fernand Sabatté received the Croix de guerre and became a Chevalier (Knight) in the Legion of Honour. He was decorated for his services, while serving as an army officer, responsible for salvaging art works and sculptures from bombed-out towns in Northern France from 1916-1918, while simultaneously painting scenes of ruined churches and civic buildings, and can therefore be classed as a war artist. He held the rank and title of ‘Chef de la section du front du Nord du service de protection et d’évacuation des monuments et oeuvres d’art’. Today an extensive series of photographs featuring Sabatté shows the damaged buildings which his unit surveyed, today held at the Médiathèque de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, Paris.

It is not known exactly when Sabatté enlisted with the French army, although a patriotic postcard sent to fellow ex alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts, now serving in the French army, is dated 1915. We know that he was appointed head of his unit, the Protection et d’évacuation des monuments et oeuvres d’art in October 1916.

Salvaging damaged church artefacts in the Zone Rouge

The journal Le Bulletin de la vie artistique published in 1920, provides a concise history of his unit. It states that after the cataclysmic Battle of Verdun in 1916, the French government took proactive steps to evacuate art from the zone rouge, as well as salvage wrecked buildings, particularly churches, destroyed by artillery under the authorisation of L’administration des Beaux Arts. In October 1916 this unit was officially instituted with its orders to salvage artefacts and bring them to rear area depots, where rudimentary conservation work could be carried out. Divided into three sectors – Central (Argonne and Somme), East (Argonne and Swiss), and North (Somme and Belgium) – this third section was headed-up by Fernand Sabatté.  Four depots were set up under his command; Chateau Martainville (Rouen), Chateau d’Eu (Dieppe), Abbeville and Arras. The following description of his salvaging work is extracted from the Bulletin de la Commission départementale des monuments historiques du Pas-de-Calais, 1920 and provides this connection.
Il convient surtout de nommer le lieutenant du génie Sabatté, chef du service des monuments et objets d'art de la zone des armées. Pendant la guerre, ce brave officier fit preuve d'un zèle et d'un courage au-dessus de tout éloge. Admirablement secondé par une équipe de soldats, spécialisés dans ce service, il procéda au sauvetage de nos oeuvres d'art jusque sous le feu de l'ennemi, au milieu des obus et des incendies. Et le Musée vraiment remarquable, installé par lui à Arras, dans un vaste hangar, autrefois salle de gymnastique, témoigne du succès de son intervention. En 1919, il n'a cessé de parcourir les villages dévastés, fouillant les décombres des églises; chaque jour son musée s'enrichissait de quelque statue, pierre tombale, cloche ou bénitier, rescapé au milieu des ruines. It is worth mentioning Lieutenant of (Administrative) Engineering, Sabatté, Chief of the Monuments and Arts Service in the war zone. During the war this brave officer proved his zeal, courage and above all (deserves our) praise. Admirably assisted by a team of soldiers who specialised in this service, he proceeded to rescue our artworks even under enemy attack, (even) in the midst of shells and fires. And the truly remarkable Museum, established by him in Arras, in a large store, formerly a gymnasium, demonstrates the success of his intervention. In 1919, he continued to visit the devastated towns, searching the rubble of churches; and so every day the museum was enriched by some statue, stone tombstone, bell or font, survivors from the ruins.

German frightfulness and apportioning war guilt

The bombardment of Arras, and the destruction of its medieval belfry, caused consternation in France and was utilised for propaganda purposes as an example of German Frightfulness or Schrecklichkeit. Approximately a dozen French and Belgian towns received bombardment by German artillery during World War One, including the Cathedral of Rheims, Library of Leuven, Soissons, Ypres, Mauberge and Arras, and these towns were referred to in contemporary press reports as the martyred towns (or Les villages détruits). The identity of Sabatté in this unit is established in a photograph listing his name during a ministerial visit to the depot at Abbeville on 26 July 1918.  Sabatté's work continued into 1919. From photographs held at the Médiathèque de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, it can be seen that his unit in Arras utilised German Prisoners of War, and this project is an outcome of the French government's determination to publicise German war guilt and to give evidence to its reparation payments.

Painting war ruins

In 1916 he painted Intérieur de la cathédrale d’Arras en ruines, en 1916 (Collection Musée d’Orsay, Paris). In this painting he wrote an inscription at the lower right hand corner of the canvas, that his painting session was "interrupted by the explosion of an artillery shell of huge calibre, 20th May 1916".   In the archive collection of the Monuments Historiques, the database lists 23 photographs taken by Sabatté of Arras, showing war damaged buildings, so it is highly likely that he worked from photographs in order to produce the painting, the Arras Belfry (Belfroi) held in the National Gallery of Ireland, from his salvage warehouse in the town.

Sabatté died after being struck by a German truck in Chamigny 22 October 1940.

Known art works
 Ma Grand-mère (1895), Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux
 Près du feu (1896), Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon
 Intérieurs de Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1897), Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux
 Le Pauvre (1898), Musée des beaux-arts d'Agen
 The daughters of Danaus (1900), National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
 Inondation à Paris (1910), Carnavalet Museum
 The Arras Belfry (1916), National Gallery of Ireland
 Intérieur de la cathédrale d'Arras en ruines (1916), Musée d'Orsay
 Un Spartiate montre à ses fils un ilote ivre, École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts
 La Crypte, Musée d'Orsay
 Dans la gloire de Dieu, Musée Cantini

References

Further reading
Bénézit, Leon, (1999) Fernand Sabatté in Bulletin de l'Académie des Beaux-arts, Juillet-décembre 1935
Paraillous, Alain, (1984), Portrait d'un peintre prétendument académique: Fernand Sabatté, Revue de l'Agenais, no 2, Avril 1984
Moore, Andrew, (2015), Monuments Men and Martyred Towns, The Journal of Military History, Vol. 79, No. 4, pp 1047–1057.

1874 births
1940 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Knights of the Legion of Honour


title: Jonathan Tabu

text:
Jonathan Tabu (born 7 October 1985) is a Belgian professional basketball player who last played for Vanoli Cremona of the Italian Serie A2. Tabu also represents Belgium in international competition.

Professional career
In 2004 Tabu made the team of Spirou Charleroi, while he also played for the second division team CPH Spirou Gilly. He would win three Belgian Championships with Spirou. He also played in the ULEB Cup/EuroCup with Spirou.

In 2010 Tabu signed with the Serie A team Cantù. In the 2011–12 season he played on loan for Vanoli Cremona. In the 2012–13 season he played in the EuroLeague with Cantù, on 11 November he scored a career high 17 points against Panathinaikos.

For the 2013–14 season Tabu signed in Spain with CAI Zaragoza.

On 4 August 2014 Tabu signed a contract with Alba Berlin. On 28 April 2015 he left Alba and signed with Italian club Emporio Armani Milano for the rest of the 2014–15 Serie A season.

On 28 July 2015 Tabu signed with Fuenlabrada. One year later, he moved to Bilbao Basket.

On 2 November 2018 he signed with Le Mans Sarthe of the French LNB Pro A.

On 2 July 2019 he signed with ESSM Le Portel of the French LNB Pro A.

On 21 July 2020 he signed with Baxi Manresa of the Liga ACB. Tabu averaged 7.3 points and 3.5 assists per game. On 8 December 2021 he signed with Champagne Châlons-Reims of the LNB Pro A. Tabu averaged 3.0 points, 3.5 assists, and 1.3 rebounds per game in four games.

On 3 February 2022 he signed with Limburg United of the BNXT League.

On 3 October 2022 he signed with Circus Brussels of the BNXT League.

On 3 November 2022 he signed with Vanoli Cremona of the Italian Serie A2.

International career
He represented Belgium at the EuroBasket 2015 where they lost to Greece in eighth finals with 75–54. Over 6 tournament games, he averaged 10.0 points, 2.3 rebounds and 2.5 assists.

Tabu also played at EuroBasket 2022. On 1 September he scored a game-winning three pointer to give Belgium a 79–76 overtime win over Georgia.

Personal life
Born in Belgium, Tabu is of Congolese descent.

References

External links
Jonathan Tabu at acb.com
Jonathan Tabu  at legabasket.it
Jonathan Tabu at eurobasket.com
Jonathan Tabu at euroleague.net
Jonathan Tabu at fiba.com

1985 births
Living people
Alba Berlin players
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players
Basket Zaragoza players
Basketball players from Kinshasa
Bàsquet Manresa players
Belgian expatriate basketball people in France
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Belgian men's basketball players
Belgium national basketball players
Bilbao Basket players
Brussels Basketball players
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate basketball people in Belgium
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate basketball people in Germany
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate basketball people in Italy
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate basketball people in Spain
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's basketball players
ESSM Le Portel players
Expatriate basketball people in France
Belgian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Liga ACB players
Olimpia Milano players
Pallacanestro Cantù players
Point guards
Shooting guards
Spirou Charleroi players
Vanoli Cremona players


title: Dawid Konarski

text:
Dawid Andrzej Konarski (born 31 August 1989) is a Polish professional volleyball player who plays as an opposite spiker for Skra Bełchatów. He is a former member of the Poland national team, a participant in the Olympic Games Rio 2016, and a two–time World Champion (2014, 2018).

Career

Club
In April 2015, Konarski moved to ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle.

National team
On 11 May 2012, Konarski debuted in the senior national team in a friendly match with Australia at Atlas Arena in Łódź. He played in the intercontinental round of the 2014 World League. On 16 August 2014, he was appointed to the national team for the 2014 World Championship held in Poland. On 21 September 2014, he won a title of the World Champion. On 27 October 2014, he received a state award granted by the Polish President Bronisław Komorowski – Gold Cross of Merit for outstanding sports achievements and worldwide promotion of Poland.

On 30 September 2018, Poland achieved its third title of the World Champions. Poland beat Brazil in the final 3–0 and defended the title from 2014.

Honours

Club
 CEV Champions League
  2014–15 – with Asseco Resovia
 CEV Cup
  2017–18 – with Ziraat Bankası Ankara
 Domestic
 2013–14  Polish SuperCup, with Asseco Resovia
 2014–15  Polish Championship, with Asseco Resovia
 2015–16  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2016–17  Polish Cup, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
 2016–17  Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle

Individual awards
 2013: Polish SuperCup – Most valuable player
 2017: Polish Cup – Best opposite
 2017: Polish Cup – Most valuable player
 2019: Polish Cup – Best server

State awards
 2014:  Gold Cross of Merit
 2018:  Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta

References

External links

 Player profile at PlusLiga.pl
 Player profile at Volleybox.net

1989 births
Living people
People from Świecie
Sportspeople from Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Polish men's volleyball players
Olympic volleyball players for Poland
Volleyball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
European Games competitors for Poland
Volleyball players at the 2015 European Games
Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate volleyball players in Turkey
BKS Visła Bydgoszcz players
Resovia (volleyball) players
ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle players
Jastrzębski Węgiel players
Czarni Radom players
Warta Zawiercie (volleyball) players
Skra Bełchatów players
Opposite hitters


title: VS Lignite Power Plant

text:
VS Lignite Power Plant is a lignite-based thermal power plant located in Gurha village in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. The power plant is owned by a Chennai based group.

Power plant
The thermal power station has an installed capacity of 135 MW. It has a circulating fluidised bed combustion boiler (CFBC), 440T/H, at 13.9 MPa operating pressure, 535 °C operating temperature and a 220 kV switch yard

References

Coal-fired power stations in Rajasthan
Buildings and structures in Bikaner district
Year of establishment missing


title: Three Horseshoes, Whitwick

text:
The Three Horseshoes is a Grade II listed public house at 11 Leicester Road, Whitwick, Leicestershire LE67 5GN.

It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.

It was originally two cottages built in the early/mid 19th century, converted and extended with a front range to create pub in 1882.

References

Grade II listed pubs in Leicestershire
National Inventory Pubs


title: Rajinimurugan

text:
Rajinimurugan is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Ponram, and produced by director N. Lingusamy and N. Subash Chandra Bose under the banner Thirrupathi Brothers. This is the second directorial venture of Ponram, after Varuthapadaatha Valibar Sangam (2013). It stars Sivakarthikeyan in dual roles for the first time in his career; as the title character, a jobless youth who decides to sell his grandfather's property to become rich; and a cameo appearance as Bosepandi from the previous film. Keerthy Suresh and Soori portray the lead roles, while Rajkiran, Samuthirakani and Achyuth Kumar play supporting roles.

The film features soundtrack composed by D. Imman, with all lyrics were written by Yugabharathi. The cinematography was handled by Balasubramaniem, and edited by Vivek Harshan. Filming took place extensively in Madurai and Karaikkudi. The film's principal photography was commenced on 25 August 2014, and the shooting completed in March 2015.

Rajinimurugan, which faced multiple postponements, released on 14 January 2016, during the Pongal festival. The film grossed .

The film was remade in Kannada as Raj Vishnu in 2017.

Plot
Rajini Murugan  is an unemployed youth from Madurai who spends his days roaming around with his best friend Thotathree  and supplying food to his grandfather Ayyankalai, a highly respected gentleman who has large properties of land. Ayyankalai wants to divide all his properties among his children and grandchildren, but except Rajini Murugan and his father Malligarajan, who is the headmaster of the local school, the rest of the family is settled abroad and never visit Madurai.

Meanwhile, following the advice of an astrologer (who claimed that Rajini Murugan will get married and be rich within three months), Rajini Murugan starts wooing his childhood sweetheart Karthika Devi. Karthika's father Neelakandan, an ardent fan of Rajinikanth, was the best friend of Malligarajan and had given Rajini Murugan his name when he was born, but fell out with Malligarajan and his family due to a misunderstanding involving Rajini Murugan and Karthika when they were youngsters. Since then, Rajini Murugan and Karthika are not on speaking terms, and Neelakandan forbids any sort of contact between the two. Nevertheless, Rajini Murugan opens a tea stall outside Karthika's house to stay close to her and follows her day and night. The stall is later destroyed by a customer who pulls down the shop in the process of taking a banana. Later, he and Thothathree start a real estate company. A gangster "Ezhrai" Mookan, whose only work is to extort 100,000 from businessmen, tries to swindle the same amount from Rajini Murugan, but fails and ends up paying 100,000 to him.

Ayyankalai, who is fed up with Rajini Murugan's antics, decides to immediately divide his properties so that Rajini Murugan can benefit from his share of the property. He fakes his death, which forces his children and grandchildren to come to Madurai. Mookan claims that he too is a grandson of Ayyankalai (through the son of Ayyankalai's first wife) and starts demanding his share of the property. This leads to confrontation between Rajini Murugan and Mookan and their feud is soon brought before the panchayat. The panchayat declares the verdict in favour of Ayyankalai and Rajini Murugan. Mookan, accepting defeat, receives 100,000 from Rajini Murugan as compensation. It is then revealed that Mookan staged the whole drama to get back his 100,000 from Rajini Murugan. Meanwhile, Karthika accepts Rajini Murugan's love and Neelakandan also begins to approve their relationship.

In the end, Ayyankalai reveals that he does have a grandson through his first wife's son. The grandson is revealed to be none other than Bosepandi from Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam. Bosepandi refuses to accept his share of his grandfather's property, advising him and his family not to sell the property and instead convert it into a 5-star hotel and hand it over to Rajini Murugan. Ayyankalai and Rajini Murugan agree with him.

Cast

 Sivakarthikeyan as Rajini Murugan  and Bosepandi (cameo)
 Soori as Thotathree, Rajini Murugan's best friend
 Keerthy Suresh as Karthika Devi (KD), Rajini Murugan's love interest
 Rajkiran as Ayyankalai, Rajini Murugan's grandfather
 Samuthirakani as "Ezhrai" Mookan
 G. Gnanasambandam as Malligairajan, Rajini Murugan's father
 Achyuth Kumar as Neelakandan, Karthika's father, Malligairajan's friend, and a hardcore Rajini fan
 Dheepa Ramanujam as Rajini Murugan's mother
 Manobala as Kunjithapatham, Audi Car Showroom Manager
 Namo Narayana as Thangavel, Panchayath party
 Vela Ramamoorthy as Chellakarupan, Head of Usilampatti Panchayath
 Andreanne Nouyrigat as Andrea
 Subramaniapuram Raja as Thangapandi, Panchayath party
 Supergood Subramani as Police Officer
 Hello Kandasamy as astrologer
 Thavasi as Madasamy
 Meena Vemuri as Rajini Murugan's Aunt
 Bhawana Aneja
 Naadodigal Gopal as Thotathree's father
 Gajaraj as Rajinimurugan's relative
 Darshan as Rajini Murugan's Cousin Brother
 Baba Bhaskar (special appearance in the song "Yennama Ipadi Panreengalaema")

Production

Development
Following the success of his debut directorial Varuthapadaatha Vaalibar Sangam, director Ponram announced his next project, which also stars Sivakarthikeyan in the lead role. N. Lingusamy bankrolled the project under his banner Thirupathi Brothers. The project was announced in August 2013. D. Imman was selected to compose the music for the film and Balasubramaniem was signed in for the film as the cinematographer. Both were worked on Ponram's earlier film Varuthapadaatha Vaalibar Sangam. Sivakarthikeyan was reported to play a real-estate broker in the film.

Casting
Reports stated that Nazriya Nazim and Samantha Ruth Prabhu were among the forerunners for the lead female role, later they were replaced by Tamannaah. In August 2013, Tamannah opted out of the project, due to some issues. The female lead role went to Lakshmi Menon. However, she was subsequently replaced by Keerthy Suresh in 2014, considering her second Tamil film after Idhu Enna Maayam (2015). Her role was said to be a "feisty one", which included the character performing some street fights with other women. Soori was selected to play Sivakarthikeyan's co-star in the film, for the second time after Varuthapadaatha Vaalibar Sangam. Rajkiran was selected to play the role of Sivakarthikeyan's grandfather in the film. Samuthirakani was selected to play the main antagonist in the film. The supporting role cast also included G. Gnanasambandham, Achyuth Kumar, Deepa Ramanujam and Manobala.

Filming

Principal photography commenced on 25 August 2014. The film in its entirety, was extensively shot in Madurai. This also considered to be one of the films that shot in Madurai, which includes Nadodigal, Pandiya Naadu, Thoongaa Nagaram. After completion of the shoot in Madurai, the team moved on to Karaikudi on 30 October, and went ahead with a 40-day schedule, and planned for another 25-day schedule in Madurai again. The "Yennamma Ippadi Panreengalema" song sequences were shot in the busy streets of Madurai. Some song sequences were shot in Ooty. An Audi showroom scene shown as Audi Madurai, was actually shot in Coimbatore. The team takes a break on end-February 2015, after Keerthy Suresh fell ill. The shooting was completed in March 2015.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack to Rajinimurugan features ten tracks: five songs, a remix and karaoke versions of the tracks – all of them were composed by D. Imman. The lyrics for all the songs were penned by Yugabharathi. One song, "Yennamma Ippadi Panreengalema" was released on 25 May 2015 at the Super Singer World Tour, held at Suntec City in Singapore. The album was launched on 10 June 2015, at a formal event held in Taj Coromandel hotel and was telecasted live on Thanthi TV. The soundtrack opened to positive reviews and topped the music charts. After the film's release, three more songs were added as bonus tracks on 24 February 2016.

Marketing
The first look poster of Rajinimurugan was released on 25 April 2015, at the 6th Vijay Awards. The official teaser of the film was released on 10 June 2015, during the audio launch of the film. The teaser received positive response from the audience. A few photocard designed posters, were unveiled on 21 August 2015, for the film's promotion. The official trailer of the film, was released on 4 September 2015, at midnight 12:00 a.m. on the official YouTube channel of Sony Music South. The second trailer of the film was released on 31 December 2015.

Delays
Rajinimurugan faced significant delays, upon its release, due to the financial problems faced by the production house. Initially, the film slated to release on 17 July 2015, coinciding with the Ramzan weekend. However, the release was postponed to avoid clash with Dhanush-starrer Maari, and was later scheduled to release on 17 September 2015, coinciding with Vinayagar Chathurthi. However, the financial disputes between the producers and distributors, led to postpone the release of the film on 1 October 2015, which was later delayed due to the release of Vijay-starrer Puli. The plans to release the film on 21 October 2015, during the Dusshera festival was also failed. Finally, the makers announced that the film will release on 4 December 2015. The makers went on with the film's promotion in November 2015, however, the release was pushed further, due to the 2015 South Indian Floods. Later, the film was scheduled to release on 14 January 2016, coinciding with the Pongal weekend, and also clashing with other releases Gethu, Kathakali and Thaarai Thappattai.

Financial issues
During the production of Kamal Hassan's  (2015), the producers suffered losses as the Suriya-starrer Anjaan (2014), which was produced and directed by Lingusamy, bombed at the box office. Hence, in order to overcome the losses, Lingusamy desperately sold both  and Rajinimurugan, to Eros International. Lingusamy, also borrowed money from local distributors, to release the former. But, the release of  was unexpectedly stalled, due to the disputes between financiers and producers, which led to a loss of , and also the film's poor performance, abetting the problem, the payment owed by Eros International, was ballooned to , and insisted Lingusamy, to pay the remaining balance amount of  crore to Eros. Since, Lingusamy does not have a huge amount to settle Eros, the film faced a delayed release, says the sources.

Reception

Critical response
The Times of India, rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, stating that "The film is overlong with innumerable songs and comic scenes that could have been left at the editing table. It is also utterly unambitious, content with clearing its low bar, but this unpretentiousness is also what makes it work to an extent." Behindwoods gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars stating, "Rajini Murugan is a safe bet to bank your money on if you want to watch a film with no expectation but just to spend your two and a half hours laughing." The Guardian rated it 3 out of 5 stars, saying, "This long-gestating slice of fun about the successes of the world's least ambitious individual is a likable, irreverent ride". The Hindu wrote that "Rajini Murugan makes it amply evident that Sivakarthikeyan, as he has done earlier in his career, is quite capable of making a below-average script seem average, sometimes, above-average even. Perhaps that's why dozens of little stars come together to form the title."

Sify rated the film 4 out of 5 stars, stating that "Rajini Murugan is a tailor made festival film, which is sure to enthrall and entertain the masses. The film's director Ponram has packaged the film in such a way that audiences will leave the movie hall with a big smile and forget all their worries. Thanks to the brilliant chemistry between the comedy-duo Sivakarthikeyan and Soori, the film is a laugh riot which holds no pretensions." S. Sarswathi from Rediff.com rated 2.5 out of 5 stars, and reviewed "Director Ponram's Rajini Murugan has no real plot, nor any remarkable characters or poignant moments but good music, vibrant visuals and spontaneity and charm of its lead actor makes it a fun watch". Bollywoodlife rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, and stated that "While the film has its faults, the film is a decent family entertainer with some clean hilarious comedy. Watch it purely for Sivakarthikeyan and Soori's antics and you will leave the theatre with a smile on your face!" Indiaglitz rated the movie 2.5/5 stating, "An entertainer that can be watched mainly for Sivakarthikeyan and Soori." Studioflicks rated the film 2.75 out of 5, stating "Rajini Murugan is a neat entertainer for family audiences, where they can come relaxed and enjoy show grabbing their favourite piece of snacks."

In contrast, Gauthaman Baskaran for the Hindustan Times, rated 1 out of 5 stars, and reviewed it as "Hackneyed plotlines, silly jokes and endless song-and-dance--that is much of Tamil film industry's lot. Sadly, Rajini Murugan falls in that lot. A big bore." The Indian Express reviewed it as "Even with its predictable storyline, Sivakarthikeyan makes the film work, and only he can save a film like this." Silverscreen reviewed the film as "Rajini Murugan is an assembly line. Formerly managed by M Rajesh, now run by Ponram. The saving grace might have been a competent antagonist. But, no. It's almost an insult that one of our best actors today – Samuthirakani – is reduced to a joke. Rajini Murugan gives us a hero who seems to be a parody, and a spineless jokey riff for a villain."

Box office
The film collected ₹4.5 crores on the first day, and ₹15 crores on the first weekend, following by ₹24 crores on the first week. The film grossed ₹43 crores in India, while it collected ₹51 crores worldwide, and became a commercial success.

References

External links

2016 films
Films shot in Madurai
2010s masala films
Tamil films remade in other languages
2010s Tamil-language films
Films scored by D. Imman
Rajinikanth


title: Fort Wakarusa

text:
Little is known about Fort Wakarusa, which was built by free-state partisans between 1855 and 1857. Historian William E. Connelley drew a map in the 1920s that located the fort on the north side of the Wakarusa River, at Blue Jacket's Crossing. The town of Sebastian, Kansas, was on the south side of the river. Considering that the area is very flat and that there are some meander scars showing that the river has changed course various times, the site of Fort Wakarusa may today be on the south side of the river. The fort was located about midway between Lawrence, Kansas, and Eudora, Kansas.

Little is known about the fort's layout. It probably consisted of earthworks and logs. One source said rifle pits were dug outside the fort. No source claims knowledge of this fort's fate and nothing of it remains.

References

Wakarusa
Buildings and structures in Douglas County, Kansas
1855 establishments in Kansas Territory


title: Dunedin Law Courts

text:
The Dunedin Law Courts is a notable historic building in central Dunedin, in the South Island of New Zealand. They are located at the corner of Lower Stuart Street and Anzac Square, directly opposite the city's historic railway station. Since 1902, the building has been used as the city's law courts, and contains four court rooms, including the ornate High Court, as well as housing the offices and library of the Law Society.

Architecture

The Law Courts building was one of the first major works to be designed by Government architect John Campbell, and was built in 1901–02 at a cost of £20,000 and opened in April 1902. The Law Courts are located alongside the former Dunedin Central Police Station, another Campbell building, though in a completely different style. While the 1890s police station (which was actually the city's gaol for most of its existence) was deliberately modelled in a Queen Anne style uncommon in New Zealand but designed to imitate London's New Scotland Yard (now the Norman Shaw Buildings), the Law Courts are in decorative but stern Victorian Gothic style similar to the buildings of Dunedin's University of Otago Registry Building.

As is common with many of Dunedin's more substantial historic structures (including the railway station opposite) the Law Courts are constructed of dark Port Chalmers breccia ornamented with lighter Oamaru stone, a local compacted limestone mined to the north of Dunedin, and is topped with a roof of slate and granite. The main entrance to the court sits at the foot of a short tower which is decorated with an un-blindfolded statue of Justice in Italian white marble.

Historic precinct
The building has a category I classification on the New Zealand Historic Places Trust register of historic buildings. The courts, the railway station, the former police station, and the nearby Allied Press Building and buildings of the Toitū Otago Settlers Museum together form an impressive precinct close to the heart of the city, stretching south along the city's one-way street system (part of State Highway 1) to Queen's Gardens and up Lower Stuart Street towards the city centre, The Octagon.

One of the city's most historic public houses and hostelries, the Law Courts Hotel, is located close to the courts in Lower Stuart Street, in a large Art Deco building (also listed by the Historic Places Trust, Category II) directly opposite the Allied Press Building (the offices of the city's main newspaper, the Otago Daily Times). The prime location of this hotel near these two premises has greatly contributed to its history, as has its longevity (having originally been founded as the Auld Scotland Hotel in 1863).

References

External links

Law courts
Heritage New Zealand Category 1 historic places in Otago
Courthouses in New Zealand
1902 establishments in New Zealand
Tourist attractions in Dunedin
1900s architecture in New Zealand
John Campbell (architect) buildings
Central Dunedin
Gothic Revival architecture in New Zealand


title: Rampage: Capital Punishment

text:
Rampage: Capital Punishment (originally titled Rampage: You End Now) is a 2014 action film and a direct sequel to the 2009 film Rampage. It is directed by Uwe Boll and was released on August 19, 2014.  A third film in the series was released in 2016, Rampage: President Down.

Plot
Immediately after committing his rampage in Tenderville, Oregon, Bill Williamson disappeared and had been living off the grid for years with the money he stole from a bank during the massacre. The video recording of his rants about violent population control had since garnered millions of views and turns Bill into an Internet sensation. In the present day, Bill uses the stolen money to finance yet another killing spree, purchasing a number of weapons, including two fully automatic, military-grade Mk 18 Mod 0 carbines, and constructing homemade explosives. After making final preparations for the killing spree, Bill shaves his head clean, dons his suit of body armor, and sets the interior of his house on fire. He drives to an alleyway and uses its cover to shoot several random pedestrians undetected, before trying to enter a bingo hall, only to leave after finding it is closed.

Bill then travels to a television station in Washington, D.C., where he blows up his car and enters the building. Inside, he shoots the security guard and several employees with the carbines. He then holds the survivors, including news anchorman Chip Parker, hostage and forces them to a basement at gunpoint. He kills one of the hostages when he disregards one of his orders. Bill later gives Chip a disc and instructs him to go upstairs and air the contents of the disc nationwide, then return with a camera crew so they could do a live interview with him. Chip agrees and leaves the basement, where he relays his instructions to the responding police officers. However, while trying to air the disc, he accidentally slips and breaks it. He returns to the basement and tells Bill what had happened, and an agitated Bill gives him a duplicate of the disc.

While Chip is gone, Bill criticizes one of the hostages for her personal life before killing her. He is then confronted by another hostage, who reveals herself to be the sister of one of the people he killed at Tenderville. When she expresses her intent to kill him, Bill forces a reluctant male hostage to beat her. Eventually, the contents of the disc are aired on live television; in it, Bill rants in a video recording about how the current system is flawed and that the U.S. government is manipulating American citizens and events for the sake of wealth. The video ends with Bill appealing to the American people to retaliate violently against politicians and the wealthy in order to restore society. Meanwhile, the officers manage to contact Bill's father with the intention of using him to appeal to Bill.

Chip returns to the basement with a camera crew, including an undercover police officer, and gives Bill a cellphone with his father on the other end. Mr. Williamson tries to appeal to Bill, then reveals his mother died after a car accident, as a result of medication she had been taking for depression following Bill's first killing spree and disappearance. At that moment, Bill becomes suspicious of the undercover officer and kills him, then abruptly ends the conversation with his father. Using hidden security cameras he implanted earlier, he notices SWAT teams converging on the basement and remotely detonates explosives, killing or incapacitating the officers. At Chip's urging, Bill commences with the live interview, during which he becomes more specific about his rants in the disc and also espouses his opinions about killing innocent people. Asked if he regrets not being there when his mother died, he gets visibly upset but replies that his aim is bigger than family, and that it is about the survival of humanity. He then reveals his intention to die along with Chip before shooting him in the arm and releasing the other hostages.

Bill immediately engages a SWAT team in a shootout before fleeing into the building's ventilation system, leaving behind a gas bomb. Just as the SWAT team discovers the bomb, it detonates, destroying the entire station and killing everyone inside (128 in total), including Chip and the officers. Bill is then shown to be alive and well, watching a report of the station's destruction on his phone. As he does this, he spots a young girl reading a book and criticizes her for reading one telling her she has been brainwashed with lies by the system. Bill then gives her a Beretta 92 pistol and instructs her to use it to kill her parents and then herself before sending her off with a look of satisfaction on his face.

Cast
 Brendan Fletcher as Bill Williamson
 Lochlyn Munro as Chip Parker
 Mike Dopud as Marc
 Michaela Mann as Marlene
 Bruce Blain as The Homeless Guy
 John Sampson as John
 Nathan Lehfeldt as Office Guy/SWAT Guy
 Uwe Boll as Andy the Producer (uncredited)
 Matt Frewer as Mr. Williamson (uncredited)

Reception

Box office
Rampage: Capital Punishment grossed $204,342 in Oman, $42,974 in United Arab Emirates and $11,594 in Bahrain, with a worldwide gross of $258,910.

Critical response
C.H. Newell of Father Son Holy Gore gave the film 2.5 stars out of 5 and stated, "Boll doesn't manage to capture much of what made the first film so unexpectedly enjoyable. It comes off as forced, even with a couple well designed and executed sequences." Patrick Cooper of Bloody Disgusting gave the film a mixed review and stated, "Rampage 2 is actually more preachy than its predecessor, with Williamson’s rants touching on basically every shitty thing wrong in our society today. With the broader range in gripes, I would’ve preferred a bigger setting than the first, rather than the cramped TV studio."

Sequel
Funds for a third film, entitled Rampage 3: No Mercy, were being raised by Boll through the crowdfunding website Indiegogo. According to him, the second film didn't garner enough interest to warrant another sequel being funded and he needed the help from crowd funding to complete the trilogy. The goal of the campaign was to raise $100,000 in funding. Boll also noted that even $50,000 in donations will guarantee that the film will be made. However, the campaign failed, raising only $6,375 of the $100,000 goal. Afterwards, Boll restarted his fundraising for the film on Kickstarter with a lowered goal of €50,000. However, with the new campaign not raising enough funding, Boll released two videos on YouTube, ranting against the fanbase and Hollywood as well as announcing that the third film will begin shooting in January 2016.

References

External links

2014 films
2014 horror films
2014 psychological thriller films
American sequel films
Canadian horror thriller films
Canadian sequel films
German horror films
German sequel films
German thriller films
Direct-to-video sequel films
2010s English-language films
English-language Canadian films
English-language German films
Films directed by Uwe Boll
Films about mass murder
2010s Canadian films
2010s German films


The St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (, Sojuz boŕby za osvoboždenije rabočego klassa, known sometimes in English by the initials SBORK) was a Marxist group in the Russian Empire. It was founded in St. Petersburg by Vladimir Lenin, Julius Martov, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, Anatoly Vaneyev, Alexander Malchenko, P. Zaporozhets and V. Starkov in the autumn of 1895. It united twenty different Marxist study circles, but Lenin dominated the league through the 'central group'. Its main activity was agitation amongst the workers of St Petersburg and the distribution of socialist leaflets to the factories there.

Towards the end of 1895, the League had prepared the first issue of their new newspaper, Rabocheye Delo; it was ready to go to press when it was seized by the gendarmes during a raid on the house of Vaneyev, on December 20. Six League members were arrested, Lenin among them. When the news spread among the workers of the Shlisselburg Highway that the discovery and arrest were facilitated by an agent provocateur, N. N. Mikhailov, a dentist who had been in contact with a group associated with members of the League, the workers were so enraged that they decided to kill him.

While in prison, Lenin continued to guide the work of the League. In 1896 several more, including Martov, were arrested. Those members of the group still at large however scored a great success organising a strike of the textile workers in St Petersburg in May 1896. This industrial action lasted three weeks and spread to twenty other factories in Russia in what became the greatest strike in Russian history up to that date.

In 1897, the League created Sankt-Peterburgskiy Rabochiy Listok (, Saint Petersburg Workers' Paper). It only published two numbers, on February and on September.

By the end of the 1890s the League was transporting its illegal literature through Finland and Stockholm. Transportation was organised by Hjalmar Branting, a Swedish Social-Democrat, Carder, a Norwegian Social-Democrat, and A. Weidel, a Swedish worker who settled in Finland for that purpose. But Garder's arrest in 1900 disrupted the arrangement and the route via Finland. A route running from Stockholm to Åbo and across the Russian frontier was restarted in 1901. The group's organization contributed to the founding of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1898. Lenin went on to become the leader of the Bolshevik faction of the party, while Martov became leader of the Menshevik faction, after the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903.

Alexander Malchenko abandoned revolutionary politics after returning from exile in 1900. He was later arrested in 1929 as a counter-revolutionary and shot in 1930. Afterwards his image was airbrushed out of an 1897 photo of the seven leaders of the League until his posthumous rehabilitation in 1958.

With Lenin imprisoned, the League (and Rabocheye Delo) fell under the control of the Economists (Marxists who wanted the workers to stick to economic demands only, with no political demands) through their paper Rabochaya Mysl (, Workers' Thought), published 1897–1902. In the autumn of 1900, the League merged with the St. Petersburg Workers' Organisation.

See also
 Emancipation of Labour

References

External links
Marxists.org

Communist organizations in Russia
Defunct organizations based in Russia
Political parties established in 1895
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1895 establishments in the Russian Empire
Political parties disestablished in 1900
1900 disestablishments in Europe


title: Billy Oskay

text:
Billy Oskay is an American violinist and record producer.

Biography
Billy Oskay was born and raised in Kingston, New York, where he first learned to play the violin at the age seven. In 1970, he began studying under Eugen Prokop at the International Academy of Music in Palma de Mallorca, Spain and in 1971 earned his master's degree in music from Ball State University in Indiana. Oskay was the head of the music department at Oregon's Mt. Angel College, and later joined the swing combo Everything's Jake.

In 1983, he met Irish guitarist Mícheál Ó Domhnaill who was an influential figure in the Irish traditional music scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s, having performed for seven years with The Bothy Band and collaborated for several years with the master fiddler Kevin Burke. Oskay and Ó Domhnaill began to collaborate on a new and innovative music that integrated traditional Irish, jazz, and classical chamber music. They composed and recorded some songs in Oskay's Portland, Oregon home and were pleased with the unique understated sound they had created, which had a "rough but fresh quality that engendered a serene atmosphere". Ó Domhnaill signed a contract with William Ackerman at Windham Hill Records, and the tracks he and Oskay had recorded in Portland were mixed and released in 1984 under the title Nightnoise.

In 1987, Oskay and Ó Domhnaill were joined by Mícheál's sister, Irish pianist and vocalist Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill, and Irish-American flutist Brian Dunning to found the musical group Nightnoise. The group toured the world and recorded three additional albums: Something of Time (1987), At the End of the Evening (1988), and The Parting Tide (1990). During that time, Oskay emerged as a prolific session musician appearing on projects by harp guitarist John Doan, bluegrass guitarist Dan Crary, and others. Oskay also produced many albums at his Oskay Recording studio in Portland.

In 1992, Oskay left Nightnoise to focus on record production. In 1993, he purchased 26 acres of land in Corbett, Oregon, where he built the Big Red Studio from 1997 to 2000. The studio's centerpiece was a 1979 Trident TSM console, once owned by José Feliciano. Since 2000 Oskay has produced numerous musical artists at his Big Red Studio in Corbett, including Drum Hat Buddha (2001) by Dave Carter and Tracy Grammer, Blu di Genova (2003) by Beppe Gambetta, and Renaissance of the Steel-String Guitar (2004) by Dan Crary. He still performs violin occasionally with Seattle-based singer-songwriter Jim Page.

Discography
 Nightnoise (1984)
 Something of Time (1987)
 At the End of the Evening (1988)
 The Parting Tide (1990)

References

External links
 Big Red Studio

Living people
Record producers from New York (state)
American male violinists
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Musicians from Kingston, New York
Nightnoise members
21st-century American violinists
21st-century American male musicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


The 1st Congress of the RSDLP  (Russian: Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия, РСДРП) was held between 13 March – 15 March (1 March–3 March O.S.) 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus) in secrecy. The venue was a house belonging to Rumyantsev, a railway worker on the outskirts of Minsk (now in the town centre). The cover story was that they were celebrating the nameday of Rumyantsev's wife. A stove was kept burning in the next room in case secret papers had to be burnt.

Proceedings
The Congress was convened by three major social democratic groups from different areas of the Russian Empire.
 The Saint Petersburg-based League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, which had been active since 1895. The future founder of Menshevism Juliy Martov and the future founder of Bolshevism Vladimir Lenin were among its leaders in 1895–1896. Although one of the oldest in the Empire, this group could not play a significant role since it had been recently weakened by arrests.
 The General Jewish Labour Bund, which had united Yiddish speaking social democrats in the Pale of Settlement in September 1897. At the time, the Bund was the largest socialist group in the Empire and sponsored the Congress.
 The social democratic organization formed in 1897 around the Kiev-based Rabochaya Gazeta (Workers' Newspaper).

There were 9 delegates to the Congress representing these three groups as well as social democrats from Moscow and Yekaterinoslav. The Kharkov socialists refused to come thinking the move premature.

There were 6 sessions, with no minutes taken because of the need for secrecy; only resolutions were recorded. The major issues discussed by the delegates were merging all social democratic groups into one party and selecting the party's name. The Congress also elected a Central Committee of three: Stepan Radchenko, one of the oldest Russian social democrats and a leader of the Saint Petersburg League, Boris Eidelman of Rabochaya Gazeta and Arkadi Kremer, a Jewish Bund leader. The Manifesto  of the new party was written by Peter Struve at Radchenko's request.

The Central Committee elected by Congress printed the Manifesto and the resolutions of the Congress, but five of the nine delegates were arrested by the Okhrana within a month.

The first Congress failed to unite the Russian Social Democracy, neither through the proposed Statutes nor the Programme. A wave of police repression followed, which prevented the party from functioning as a cohesive body for several years and ushered in a period of internal schisms and dissension. Three of the delegates weren't arrested, but only because Zubatov thought they would lead him to other members. It was not until 1903 that the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP was held abroad and adopted the party's Charter and Programme.

Central Committee

Notes

External links
Manifesto and some supplementary material on the congress, from a 1903 pamphlet (Russian)

1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party


title: Mirza Kurtović

text:
Mirza Kurtović (born 2 August 1977) is a former Macedonian professional basketball point guard who played for MZT Skopje Aerodrom, Rabotnički, Kumanovo in Macedonia. In the 2005–06 season he played for Iraklis in Greece. He was also member of Macedonia national basketball team.

External links

References

1977 births
Living people
Ionikos N.F. B.C. players
Iraklis Thessaloniki B.C. players
Macedonian men's basketball players
Olympia Larissa B.C. players
Peristeri B.C. players
Point guards
Basketball players from Skopje
KK MZT Skopje players
KK Rabotnički players


title: Laurence Breuls

text:
Laurence Breuls is an Australian actor. Breuls made his television debut portraying the character Nelson McFarlane on Home and Away in 1995, and his film debut playing the lead role of Jared in the 1997 film Blackrock. Breuls performance in Blackrock was praised by David Rooney from Variety, who said Breuls "kept his intensity cranked to just the right level, making it easy to empathize with the character."

Filmography
Film

TV

References

External links

Australian male film actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Théodore Champion

text:
Théodore Champion (14 February 1873 – 31 August 1954) was a Swiss cyclist, philatelist and stamp dealer, who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1937. He was born in Geneva and took French citizenship in 1948.

Cycling
Théodore Champion was among the first generation of Swiss cyclists. Four times - 1892, 1893, 1895 and 1896 - he was Swiss champion in the sprint. In 1895 he was also second in the Swiss Championship road race.

Philately
Theodore Champion was the son of a bank employee and a mother who collected stamps. With his brother Adrien he searched the bins of his father's bank for stamps. It was said that they sold their collection for a large sum of money to show their skeptical father the merits of collecting stamps.

He moved to Paris in 1899 and was employed by Alfred Forbin. In 1902 he bought Forbin's postage stamp dealership so that Forbin could concentrate on fiscal stamps.

Champion was one of the founders of the Paris Postal Museum, to which he left valuable pieces from his collection.

Tributes
Theodore Champion was shown several times on stamps:
Liechtenstein issued a special stamp in 1969
Antigua 1993
Montserrat in 2002 on a block of four stamps in honor of Rowland Hill

References

External links
Information about Champion's cycling career.
http://www.theodorechampion.fr/ Website of the firm Théodore Champion.

Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
1873 births
1954 deaths
French philatelists
Cyclists from Geneva
Swiss male cyclists
French stamp dealers


title: Yom-Tov Ehrlich

text:
Rabbi Yom-Tov Ehrlich () (1914–1990) was a renowned Hasidic musician, composer, lyricist, recording artist, and popular entertainer known for his popular Yiddish music albums. He was born in a small village, Kozhan Gorodok, Russian Empire, and raised in a nearby village, Davyd-Haradok, Belarus (then Poland). He survived the Holocaust in Samarkand, Soviet Union. Later, he moved to Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York.

Ehrlich was born to a family of Karlin-Stoliner Hasidim. His grandfather, Yom Tov Simcha Ehrlich, was an aide to Rabbi Aharon of Karlin, an early leader of the Hasidic movement. Ehrlich himself was a Hasid of the late Rabbi Yochanan Perlow of Karlin.

Some of Ehrlich's favorite songs were later recorded by other popular Hasidic entertainers, such as Mordechai Ben David, Lipa Shmeltzer,Levy Falkowitz and Avraham Fried, although Ehrlich himself used Russian classical and folk melodies to his own Yiddish lyrics.

His most popular songs include: "Yakkob", the tale of a Jew in Uzbekistan during the Holocaust; "Shloof mein kind" ("Sleep, my child"), the song of a Jewish woman who finds a child alone in the woods during the Holocaust; and "Williamsburg", a song about Hasidic Williamsburg during the 1950s.

Discography
 The Wandering Jewish Folk Singer

Yiddish Nachas (1960)
 Torah (1961)
 T'shuva (1962)
 Shema B'ni (1963)
 Ameritchka (1964)
 Emunah (1965)
 Shabbos (1967)
 Luksus (Double Album) (1967)
 Chevlei Moshiach (Double Album) (1969)
 Shabchi Yerushalayim (1970)
 Middois (1973)
 Dai (1974)
 Shelo Asani Goy (1975)
Journey Through Song 1 - Lamnatzeach B'naginos (1975)
Journey Through Song 2 - Mizmor L'sodah (1975)
Kol Mevaser (1977)
 Yetzias Mitzrayim (2 Volumes) (1978)
 Chessed
 Elliyohu Hanuvee
 A Shabbus Mitten Rebben
 Der Satmerer Rebbe (2 Volumes) (1981)
 Der Baal Shem Tov (2 Volumes)
Emunas Tzadikim
Shoshanas Yaakov
Ashreinu (2 Volumes)
Hallel
Rannenu Tzadikim (2 Volumes)
Modeh Ani
Bitachon

References

External links
 Brooklyn Rail about him
 another book chapter summary about him

Hasidic entertainers
Hasidic music
Yiddish-language singers
American Orthodox Jews
1914 births
1990 deaths
Musicians from Williamsburg, Brooklyn
People from Mozyrsky Uyezd
Soviet emigrants to the United States


title: Tap Canutt

text:
Edward Clay "Tap" Canutt (August 7, 1932 – June 6, 2014) was an American stunt performer and actor who worked on over 40 films between 1950 and 1980. He was the eldest son of legendary stuntman and rodeo champion Yakima Canutt. He was also the brother of Joseph Canutt.

Tap was born in Los Angeles, California, on August 7, 1932. He died in Santa Clarita, California, on June 6, 2014, at the age of 81.

Filmography

Stunt

Only the Valiant (1951)
The Stranger Wore a Gun (1953)
Friendly Persuasion (1956)
Ben-Hur (1959)
Spartacus (1960)
The Alamo (1960)
The Comancheros (1961)
El Cid (1961)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
McLintock! (1963)
The Fall of the Roman Empire - stunt double for Stephen Boyd (1964)
Cat Ballou (1965)
The War Lord  (1965)
The Outlaws Is Coming - stunt double for Adam West (1965)
Khartoum (1966)
Camelot (1967)
Bandolero! (1968)
Planet of the Apes (1968)
The Wild Bunch (1969)
The Undefeated (1969)
A Man Called Horse (1970)
Chisum (1970)
Rio Lobo (1970)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
The Cowboys (1972)
The Master Gunfighter (1975)

Actor
The Stranger Wore a Gun (1953) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Lawless Rider (1954) - Young Marshal
In Love and War (1958) - Lt. D'Allesandro (uncredited)
Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! (1958) - Soldier (uncredited)
Thunder in the Sun (1959) - (uncredited)
26 Men (1959, TV Series) - Ranger Ben Comstock / Frank Seldom
Spartacus (1960) - Soldier (uncredited)
The Alamo (1960) - Bowie's Man (uncredited)
State Fair (1962) - Red Hoertert
Daniel Boone (1967, TV Series) - Settler #1
The Wild Bunch (1969) - Burt (uncredited)
The Cowboys (1972) - Rustler (final film role)

References

External links

1932 births
2014 deaths
American stunt performers
American male film actors
20th-century American male actors


title: Lipaphis erysimi

text:
Lipaphis erysimi is a species of aphid of the family Aphididae. Its common names include mustard aphid and turnip aphid. It is found in most temperate and tropical areas of the world and feeds only on cruciferous plants. The insects are almost exclusively female and are very prolific, with wingless females producing around one hundred young during a lifespan of a few weeks.

Description
The wingless female is pale green or whitish green with two rows of dark bands on the thorax and abdomen which unite into a single band near the tip of the abdomen. The antennae are dark, the legs are pale with dark joints and the cornicles are pale with dark tips. The body is faintly dusted with a white powder. It is between  in length. The winged female is a similar size and has a black head and thorax and a pale green abdomen with black bands near the tip and black patches on the sides. The antennae and legs are dark, and the cornicles are black at the base and  yellowish towards the tips. Wingless males have occasionally been seen; these are smaller than the females and olive-green to brownish in colour.

Distribution and habitat
Originally a European species, the turnip aphid is now found in most parts of the world in tropical and temperate locations. Host plants include cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, kohlrabi, radish and turnip, as well as shepherd's purse, wild mustard and other cruciferous weeds.

Life cycle
The turnip aphid is almost entirely viviparous, although eggs have occasionally been seen. It is extremely prolific and in warm places such as Texas, a maximum of thirty-five generations per year have been recorded. The wingless females produce up to six offspring per day over a period of twenty to forty days, a total of eighty to one hundred young. Winged females are able to disperse to other plants, but produce fewer offspring.

Ecology
This aphid is found on older leaves of brassica plants and on the roots. It is one of several species of aphid to feed on brassicas; the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) feeds only on these plants, while the green peach aphid is found on many crops and plants including brassicas. The cabbage aphid can be distinguished by its waxy coating and its dense colonies on young growth, while the green peach aphid is dispersed around the brassica plant, occurring mainly on the older leaves of its host.

The species can be a vector of at least ten plant viruses including cabbage black ringspot virus, radish mosaic virus, cauliflower mosaic virus and turnip mosaic virus.

References

Hemiptera of Europe
Macrosiphini
Agricultural pest insects
Insect vectors of plant pathogens
Insects described in 1843


title: Little Monster (song)

text:
"Little Monster" is a song written by Mike Kerr and Ben Thatcher of British rock duo Royal Blood. The song was originally recorded by the duo for release as a single, appearing on the band's second single of the same name, released by Black Mammoth Records and Warner Bros. Records on 10 February 2014. The single marked the band's first release under Warner Bros. Records after signing with the label in 2013. The track later appeared as the second track on the band's debut extended play Out of the Black, and as the sixth track on the band's eponymous debut studio album, Royal Blood. The song is included as a playable track in Guitar Hero Live.

Track listing

Personnel
Partly adapted from Out of the Black liner notes.

Royal Blood
Mike Kerr – lead vocals, bass guitar
Ben Thatcher – drums

Technical personnel
Tom Dalgety – producer, recording
John Davis – mastering
Dave Sardy – mixing

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links

 Royal Blood official website

2014 singles
Warner Records singles
2014 songs
Royal Blood (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Tom Dalgety


title: Frank Smyth

text:
Bernard Francis Smyth (11 February 1891 – 15 July 1972) was a New Zealand rugby union player.

Playing career
A hooker, Smyth played a single representative game for Canterbury in 1915, one match for the South Island in 1922 and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, also in 1922. He played three matches for the All Blacks but did not appear in any internationals.

Military service
Smyth served in the No. 3 Field Company, New Zealand Engineers, during World War I. He enlisted in December 1915 as a sapper, and had risen to the rank of sergeant by the time of his discharge in June 1919. He saw action at Ypres, Passchendaele and the Somme, and was mentioned in dispatches, by Sir Douglas Haig on 7 April 1918.

Death and legacy
Smyth died in Christchurch on 15 July 1972, and was buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Bromley. His grandson is the politician, Peter Dunne.

References

1891 births
1972 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand international rugby union players
Canterbury rugby union players
Rugby union hookers
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand people of Irish descent
Burials at Memorial Park Cemetery, Christchurch
Rugby union players from West Coast, New Zealand


title: Reginald Parker (footballer)

text:
Reginald Parker, sometimes erroneously cited as Richard Parker, was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford, South Shields and Merthyr Town as a forward.

Career
After beginning his career in the northeast with Boldon Comrades, Parker joined Third Division South club Brentford during the 1922 off-season. After a slow start at inside forward, he came to prominence during the 1923–24 season, scoring 20 goals in 43 games and finishing as the team's top scorer. After switching to centre forward, Parker could muster only 9 goals in 42 appearances during the 1924–25 season. After scoring 35 goals in 104 appearances, Parker departed the Bees to join Second Division club South Shields. Parker was top scorer for the team during the 1926–27 season and scored 41 league goals in three seasons with the club. He moved on to spend the 1928–29 season with Third Division South club Merthyr Town, before ending his career with Southern League club Tunbridge Wells Rangers.

Career statistics

References

1902 births
Year of death missing
People from Willington Quay
Footballers from Tyne and Wear
English men's footballers
Men's association football inside forwards
Brentford F.C. players
Gateshead A.F.C. players
Merthyr Town F.C. players
Tunbridge Wells F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players


title: Antonio Cruz Torres

text:
Antonio de Jesús Cruz Torres (born 30 October 1957) is a businessman and politician from the Dominican Republic. He is Senator for the province of Santiago Rodríguez, elected in 2006, and re-elected in 2010.

References

Living people
1957 births
People from Santiago Rodríguez Province
Dominican Liberation Party politicians
Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent
Dominican Republic businesspeople
Members of the Senate of the Dominican Republic
White Dominicans


title: Ukraine in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2014

text:
Ukraine selected their Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2014 entry through a national final which consisted of eighteen songs. The final was held on 9 August 2014 in Bukovel, Ukraine. Sympho-Nick and their song "Pryyde vesna" (Прийде весна) was chosen as the winner.

Before Junior Eurovision

National final
The final took place on 9 August 2014, which saw eighteen competing acts participating in a televised production where the winner was determined by a 50/50 combination of both public telephone vote and the votes of jury members made up of music professionals. Sympho-Nick was selected to represent Ukraine with the song "Pryyde vesna".

At Junior Eurovision

At the running order draw which took place on 9 November 2014, Ukraine were drawn to perform eighth on 15 November 2014, following  and preceding .

Voting

Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Ukrainian jury:
 Olexandr Zlotnyk
 Andrii Yakumenko (Andre France)
 Kateryna Pryshchepa (Illaria)
 Alla Popova
 Kateryna Komar

Notes

References

Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Ukraine
2014


title: Dál Messin Corb

text:
The Dál Messin Corb were a ruling dynasty of Leinster along with the Dál Chormaic. Descended from Chú Chorb's son Messin Corb, they were the last of the Dumnonians. In the fifth and sixth centuries they were ousted and driven from their seat on the Liffey and into Wicklow.

The main branch of the dynasty were the Uí Garrchon. The sixth-century saint, Kevin of Glendalough, was said to have been descended from the Uí Náir, a minor branch.

See also
 Laigin
 Fortuatha

References

5th-century Irish monarchs
Kings of Leinster
History of County Wicklow
History of County Kildare
Laigin
Gaelic-Irish nations and dynasties


title: Joshua Stander

text:
Joshua Trevor Stander (born 1 January 1994) is a South African professional rugby union player for the  in Super Rugby and  in the Currie Cup and in the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is fly-half.

Career

Youth

Stander went to school in Queenstown, where he earned a few call-ups to the youth sides of the . At primary school level, he was selected for the Border side that played at the 2007 Under-13 Craven Week competition. At high school level, he played for Queen's College and represented Border at the Under-16 Grant Khomo Week in 2010 and the Under-18 Craven Week in 2011. He was also eligible to play at the 2012 Craven Week, but was not picked as he had agreed to join the Pretoria-based  and fell foul of a newly-adopted Border Rugby Football Union policy of not picking players for their Craven Week squad that already signed contracts with other unions.

Stander made just one appearance for the  side in the 2013 Under-19 Provincial Championship, playing off the bench and slotting a conversion in a 56-7 win against former side  in East London.

Stander also played for the  side in the 2014 Under-21 Provincial Championship. His game against the  turned out to be a memorable one as he scored two tries and kicked twelve conversions for a personal points haul of 34 points as the Blue Bulls recorded a 143–0 win.

Blue Bulls

His first class career started in the 2014 Vodacom Cup. After being an unused substitute in their matches against  and the , he made his debut for the  in their match against the  in Leeudoringstad, kicking two conversions in the match as they secured a 30–26 victory. Further appearances followed in their matches against the  and the  before Stander scored his first career try against the , also slotting five conversions in the match despite only coming off the bench in the second half.

Stander was included in the ' Currie Cup side for the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division and was named on the bench for their Round Three clash against the  in Pretoria. He did not make an appearance in that match, but was promoted to the starting line-up the following week for their match against  after Tony Jantjies and Jacques-Louis Potgieter were ruled out due to injury and illness.

External links
 Blue Bulls player profile
 itsrugby.co.uk Player profile

References

South African rugby union players
Living people
1994 births
People from Cradock, Eastern Cape
Rugby union fly-halves
Blue Bulls players
Stormers players
Western Province (rugby union) players
Tokyo Sungoliath players
Rugby union players from the Eastern Cape
Kamaishi Seawaves players


title: Come On Over (Royal Blood song)

text:
"Come On Over" is a song written by Mike Kerr and Ben Thatcher of British rock duo Royal Blood. The song was originally recorded by the duo for the band's debut single, "Out of the Black", where it appeared as the B-side. The track later appeared as the third track on the band's debut extended play Out of the Black, and as the second track on the band's eponymous debut studio album, Royal Blood. The track also appeared on the band's third single, released by Black Mammoth Records and Warner Bros. Records on 21 April 2014. "Come On Over" also appears on the soundtrack for WWE 2K15 and Guitar Hero Live.

Track listing

Personnel
Partly adapted from Out of the Black liner notes.

Royal Blood
 Mike Kerr – lead vocals, bass guitar
 Ben Thatcher – drumsTechnical personnel'''
 Tom Dalgety – producer, recording
 John Davis – mastering
 Alan Moulder – mixing (track 1)

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links

 Royal Blood official website

2014 singles
Warner Records singles
2014 songs
Royal Blood (band) songs
Song recordings produced by Tom Dalgety


title: Jacabamba

text:
Jacabamba (possibly from Quechua qaqa rock, pampa a large plain, "rock plain") is a  mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Ancash Region, Asunción Province, Chacas District, in the Carhuaz Province, Marcará District, and in the Huari Province, Huari District. Jacabamba lies between mount Copap to the north and Chinchey to the south. Lake Rurichinchay lies at its feet.

The rivers Jacabamba and Rurichinchay originate on the east side of the mountain and flow to the south-west. They belong to the watershed of the Marañón River.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Ancash Region