title: Artin transfer (group theory)

text:
In the mathematical field of group theory, an Artin transfer is a certain homomorphism from an arbitrary finite or infinite group to the commutator quotient group of a subgroup of finite index. Originally, such mappings arose as group theoretic counterparts of class extension homomorphisms of abelian extensions of algebraic number fields by applying Artin's reciprocity maps to ideal class groups and analyzing the resulting homomorphisms between quotients of Galois groups. However, independently of number theoretic applications, a partial order on the kernels and targets of Artin transfers has recently turned out to be compatible with parent-descendant relations between finite p-groups (with a prime number p), which can be visualized in descendant trees. Therefore, Artin transfers provide a valuable tool for the classification of finite p-groups and for searching and identifying particular groups in descendant trees by looking for patterns defined by the kernels and targets of Artin transfers. These strategies of pattern recognition are useful in purely group theoretic context, as well as for applications in algebraic number theory concerning Galois groups of higher p-class fields and Hilbert p-class field towers.

Transversals of a subgroup
Let  be a group and  be a subgroup of finite index

Definitions. A left transversal of  in  is an ordered system  of representatives for the left cosets of  in  such that

Similarly a right transversal of  in  is an ordered system  of representatives for the right cosets of  in  such that

Remark. For any transversal of  in , there exists a unique subscript  such that , resp. . Of course, this element with subscript  which represents the principal coset (i.e., the subgroup  itself) may be, but need not be, replaced by the neutral element .

Lemma. Let  be a non-abelian group with subgroup . Then the inverse elements  of a left transversal  of  in  form a right transversal of  in . Moreover, if  is a normal subgroup of , then any left transversal is also a right transversal of  in .

Proof. Since the mapping  is an involution of  we see that:

For a normal subgroup  we have  for each .

We must check when the image of a transversal under a homomorphism is also a transversal.

Proposition. Let  be a group homomorphism and  be a left transversal of a subgroup  in  with finite index  The following two conditions are equivalent:
 is a left transversal of the subgroup  in the image  with finite index

Proof. As a mapping of sets  maps the union to another union:

but weakens the equality for the intersection to a trivial inclusion:

Suppose for some :

then there exists elements  such that

Then we have:

Conversely if  then there exists  such that  But the homomorphism  maps the disjoint cosets  to equal cosets:

Remark. We emphasize the important equivalence of the proposition in a formula:

Permutation representation
Suppose  is a left transversal of a subgroup  of finite index  in a group . A fixed element  gives rise to a unique permutation  of the left cosets of  in  by left multiplication such that:

Using this we define a set of elements called the monomials associated with  with respect to :

Similarly, if  is a right transversal of  in , then a fixed element  gives rise to a unique permutation  of the right cosets of  in  by right multiplication such that:

And we define the monomials associated with  with respect to :

Definition. The mappings:

are called the permutation representation of  in the symmetric group  with respect to  and  respectively.

Definition. The mappings:

are called the monomial representation of  in  with respect to  and  respectively.

Lemma. For the right transversal  associated to the left transversal , we have the following relations between the monomials and permutations corresponding to an element :

Proof. For the right transversal , we have , for each . On the other hand, for the left transversal , we have

This relation simultaneously shows that, for any , the permutation representations and the associated monomials are connected by  and  for each .

Artin transfer

Definitions. Let  be a group and  a subgroup of finite index  Assume  is a left transversal of  in  with associated permutation representation  such that

Similarly let  be a right transversal of  in  with associated permutation representation  such that

The Artin transfer  with respect to  is defined as:

Similarly we define:

Remarks. Isaacs calls the mappings

the pre-transfer from  to . The pre-transfer can be composed with a homomorphism  from  into an abelian group  to define a more general version of the transfer from  to  via , which occurs in the book by Gorenstein.

Taking the natural epimorphism

yields the preceding definition of the Artin transfer  in its original form by Schur and by Emil Artin, which has also been dubbed Verlagerung by Hasse. Note that, in general, the pre-transfer is neither independent of the transversal nor a group homomorphism.

Independence of the transversal

Proposition. The Artin transfers with respect to any two left transversals of  in  coincide.

Proof. Let  and  be two left transversals of  in . Then there exists a unique permutation  such that:

Consequently:

For a fixed element , there exists a unique permutation  such that:

Therefore, the permutation representation of  with respect to  is given by  which yields:  Furthermore, for the connection between the two elements:

we have:

Finally since  is abelian and  and  are permutations, the Artin transfer turns out to be independent of the left transversal:

as defined in formula (5).

Proposition. The Artin transfers with respect to any two right transversals of  in  coincide.

Proof. Similar to the previous proposition.

Proposition. The Artin transfers with respect to  and  coincide.

Proof. Using formula (4) and  being abelian we have:

The last step is justified by the fact that the Artin transfer is a homomorphism. This will be shown in the following section.

Corollary. The Artin transfer is independent of the choice of transversals and only depends on  and .

Artin transfers as homomorphisms

Theorem. Let  be a left transversal of  in . The Artin transfer

and the permutation representation:

are group homomorphisms:

Let :

Since  is abelian and  is a permutation, we can change the order of the factors in the product:

This relation simultaneously shows that the Artin transfer and the permutation representation are homomorphisms.

It is illuminating to restate the homomorphism property of the Artin transfer in terms of the monomial representation. The images of the factors  are given by

In the last proof, the image of the product  turned out to be

,

which is a very peculiar law of composition discussed in more detail in the following section.

The law is reminiscent of crossed homomorphisms  in the first cohomology group  of a -module , which have the property  for .

Wreath product of H and S(n)
The peculiar structures which arose in the previous section can also be interpreted by endowing the cartesian product  with a special law of composition known as the wreath product  of the groups  and  with respect to the set

Definition. For , the wreath product of the associated monomials and permutations is given by

Theorem. With this law of composition on  the monomial representation

is an injective homomorphism.

The homomorphism property has been shown above already. For a homomorphism to be injective, it suffices to show the triviality of its kernel. The neutral element of the group  endowed with the wreath product is given by , where the last  means the identity permutation. If , for some , then  and consequently

Finally, an application of the inverse inner automorphism with  yields , as required for injectivity.

Remark. The monomial representation of the theorem stands in contrast to the permutation representation, which cannot be injective if

Remark. Whereas Huppert uses the monomial representation for defining the Artin transfer, we prefer to give the immediate definitions in formulas (5) and (6) and to merely illustrate the homomorphism property of the Artin transfer with the aid of the monomial representation.

Composition of Artin transfers

Theorem. Let  be a group with nested subgroups  such that  and  Then the Artin transfer  is the compositum of the induced transfer  and the Artin transfer , that is:
.

If  is a left transversal of  in  and  is a left transversal of  in , that is  and , then

is a disjoint left coset decomposition of  with respect to .

Given two elements  and , there exist unique permutations , and , such that

Then, anticipating the definition of the induced transfer, we have

For each pair of subscripts  and , we put , and we obtain

resp.

Therefore, the image of  under the Artin transfer  is given by

Finally, we want to emphasize the structural peculiarity of the monomial representation

which corresponds to the composite of Artin transfers, defining

for a permutation , and using the symbolic notation  for all pairs of subscripts , .

The preceding proof has shown that

Therefore, the action of the permutation  on the set  is given by . The action on the second component  depends on the first component  (via the permutation ), whereas the action on the first component  is independent of the second component . Therefore, the permutation  can be identified with the multiplet

which will be written in twisted form in the next section.

Wreath product of S(m) and S(n)
The permutations , which arose as second components of the monomial representation

in the previous section, are of a very special kind. They belong to the stabilizer of the natural equipartition of the set  into the  rows of the corresponding matrix (rectangular array). Using the peculiarities of the composition of Artin transfers in the previous section, we show that this stabilizer is isomorphic to the wreath product  of the symmetric groups  and  with respect to the set , whose underlying set  is endowed with the following law of composition:

This law reminds of the chain rule  for the Fréchet derivative in  of the compositum of differentiable functions  and  between complete normed spaces.

The above considerations establish a third representation, the stabilizer representation,

of the group  in the wreath product , similar to the permutation representation and the monomial representation. As opposed to the latter, the stabilizer representation cannot be injective, in general. For instance, certainly not, if  is infinite. Formula (10) proves the following statement.

Theorem. The stabilizer representation

of the group  in the wreath product  of symmetric groups is a group homomorphism.

Cycle decomposition
Let  be a left transversal of a subgroup  of finite index  in a group  and  be its associated permutation representation.

Theorem. Suppose the permutation  decomposes into pairwise disjoint (and thus commuting) cycles  of lengths  which is unique up to the ordering of the cycles. More explicitly, suppose

for , and  Then the image of  under the Artin transfer is given by

Define  for  and . This is a left transversal of  in  since

is a disjoint decomposition of  into left cosets of .

Fix a value of . Then:

Define:

Consequently,

The cycle decomposition corresponds to a  double coset decomposition of :

It was this cycle decomposition form of the transfer homomorphism which was given by E. Artin in his original 1929 paper.

Transfer to a normal subgroup
Let  be a normal subgroup of finite index  in a group . Then we have , for all , and there exists the quotient group  of order . For an element , we let  denote the order of the coset  in , and we let  be a left transversal of the subgroup  in , where .

Theorem. Then the image of  under the Artin transfer  is given by:
.

 is a cyclic subgroup of order  in , and a left transversal  of the subgroup  in , where  and  is the corresponding disjoint left coset decomposition, can be refined to a left transversal  with disjoint left coset decomposition:

of  in . Hence, the formula for the image of  under the Artin transfer  in the previous section takes the particular shape

with exponent  independent of .

Corollary. In particular, the inner transfer of an element  is given as a symbolic power:

with the trace element

of  in  as symbolic exponent.

The other extreme is the outer transfer of an element  which generates , that is .

It is simply an th power

.

The inner transfer of an element , whose coset  is the principal set in  of order , is given as the symbolic power

with the trace element

of  in  as symbolic exponent.

The outer transfer of an element  which generates , that is , whence the coset  is generator of  with order, is given as the th power

Transfers to normal subgroups will be the most important cases in the sequel, since the central concept of this article, the Artin pattern, which endows descendant trees with additional structure, consists of targets and kernels of Artin transfers from a group  to intermediate groups  between  and . For these intermediate groups we have the following lemma.

Lemma. All subgroups containing the commutator subgroup are normal.

Let . If  were not a normal subgroup of , then we had  for some element . This would imply the existence of elements  and  such that , and consequently the commutator  would be an element in  in contradiction to .

Explicit implementations of Artin transfers in the simplest situations are presented in the following section.

Computational implementation

Abelianization of type (p,p)
Let  be a p-group with abelianization  of elementary abelian type . Then  has  maximal subgroups  of index

Lemma. In this particular case, the Frattini subgroup, which is defined as the intersection of all maximal subgroups coincides with the commutator subgroup.

Proof. To see this note that due to the abelian type of  the commutator subgroup contains all p-th powers  and thus we have .

For each , let  be the Artin transfer homomorphism. According to Burnside's basis theorem the group  can therefore be generated by two elements  such that  For each of the maximal subgroups , which are also normal we need a generator  with respect to , and a generator  of a transversal  such that

A convenient selection is given by

Then, for each  we use equations (16) and (18) to implement the inner and outer transfers:

,

The reason is that in   and

The complete specification of the Artin transfers  also requires explicit knowledge of the derived subgroups . Since  is a normal subgroup of index  in , a certain general reduction is possible by  but a presentation of  must be known for determining generators of , whence

Abelianization of type (p2,p)
Let  be a p-group with abelianization  of non-elementary abelian type . Then  has  maximal subgroups  of index  and  subgroups  of index  For each  let

be the Artin transfer homomorphisms. Burnside's basis theorem asserts that the group  can be generated by two elements  such that

We begin by considering the first layer of subgroups. For each of the normal subgroups , we select a generator

such that . These are the cases where the factor group  is cyclic of order . However, for the distinguished maximal subgroup , for which the factor group  is bicyclic of type , we need two generators:

such that . Further, a generator  of a transversal must be given such that , for each . It is convenient to define

Then, for each , we have inner and outer transfers:

since  and .

Now we continue by considering the second layer of subgroups. For each of the normal subgroups , we select a generator

such that . Among these subgroups, the Frattini subgroup  is particularly distinguished. A uniform way of defining generators  of a transversal such that , is to set

Since , but on the other hand  and , for , with the single exception that , we obtain the following expressions for the inner and outer transfers

exceptionally

The structure of the derived subgroups  and  must be known to specify the action of the Artin transfers completely.

Transfer kernels and targets
Let  be a group with finite abelianization . Suppose that  denotes the family of all subgroups which contain  and are therefore necessarily normal, enumerated by a finite index set . For each , let  be the Artin transfer from  to the abelianization .

Definition. The family of normal subgroups  is called the transfer kernel type (TKT) of  with respect to , and the family of abelianizations (resp. their abelian type invariants)  is called the transfer target type (TTT) of  with respect to . Both families are also called multiplets whereas a single component will be referred to as a singulet.

Important examples for these concepts are provided in the following two sections.

Abelianization of type (p,p)
Let  be a p-group with abelianization  of elementary abelian type . Then  has  maximal subgroups  of index . For  let  denote the Artin transfer homomorphism.

Definition. The family of normal subgroups  is called the transfer kernel type (TKT) of  with respect to .

Remark. For brevity, the TKT is identified with the multiplet , whose integer components are given by

Here, we take into consideration that each transfer kernel  must contain the commutator subgroup  of , since the transfer target  is abelian. However, the minimal case  cannot occur.

Remark. A renumeration of the maximal subgroups  and of the transfers  by means of a permutation  gives rise to a new TKT  with respect to , identified with , where

It is adequate to view the TKTs  as equivalent. Since we have

the relation between  and  is given by . Therefore,  is another representative of the orbit  of  under the action  of the symmetric group  on the set of all mappings from  where the extension  of the permutation  is defined by  and formally

Definition. The orbit  of any representative  is an invariant of the p-group  and is called its transfer kernel type, briefly TKT.

Remark. Let  denote the counter of total transfer kernels , which is an invariant of the group . In 1980, S. M. Chang and R. Foote proved that, for any odd prime  and for any integer , there exist metabelian p-groups  having abelianization  of type  such that . However, for , there do not exist non-abelian -groups  with , which must be metabelian of maximal class, such that . Only the elementary abelian -group  has . See Figure 5.

In the following concrete examples for the counters , and also in the remainder of this article, we use identifiers of finite p-groups in the SmallGroups Library by H. U. Besche, B. Eick and E. A. O'Brien.

For , we have

  for the extra special group  of exponent  with TKT  (Figure 6),
  for the two groups  with TKTs  (Figures 8 and 9),
  for the group  with TKT  (Figure 4 in the article on descendant trees),
  for the group  with TKT  (Figure 6),
  for the extra special group  of exponent  with TKT  (Figure 6).

Abelianization of type (p2,p)
Let  be a p-group with abelianization  of non-elementary abelian type  Then  possesses  maximal subgroups  of index  and  subgroups  of index

Assumption. Suppose

is the distinguished maximal subgroup and

is the distinguished subgroup of index  which as the intersection of all maximal subgroups, is the Frattini subgroup  of .

First layer
For each , let  denote the Artin transfer homomorphism.

Definition. The family  is called the first layer transfer kernel type of  with respect to  and , and is identified with , where

Remark. Here, we observe that each first layer transfer kernel is of exponent  with respect to  and consequently cannot coincide with  for any , since  is cyclic of order , whereas  is bicyclic of type .

Second layer
For each , let  be the Artin transfer homomorphism from  to the abelianization of .

Definition. The family  is called the second layer transfer kernel type of  with respect to  and , and is identified with  where

Transfer kernel type
Combining the information on the two layers, we obtain the (complete) transfer kernel type  of the p-group  with respect to  and .

Remark. The distinguished subgroups  and  are unique invariants of  and should not be renumerated. However, independent renumerations of the remaining maximal subgroups  and the transfers  by means of a permutation , and of the remaining subgroups  of index  and the transfers  by means of a permutation , give rise to new TKTs  with respect to  and , identified with , where

and  with respect to  and , identified with  where

It is adequate to view the TKTs  and  as equivalent. Since we have

the relations between  and , and  and , are given by

Therefore,  is another representative of the orbit  of  under the action:

of the product of two symmetric groups  on the set of all pairs of mappings , where the extensions  and  of a permutation  are defined by  and , and formally  and

Definition. The orbit  of any representative  is an invariant of the p-group  and is called its transfer kernel type, briefly TKT.

Connections between layers
The Artin transfer  is the composition  of the induced transfer  from  to  and the Artin transfer

There are two options regarding the intermediate subgroups

 For the subgroups  only the distinguished maximal subgroup  is an intermediate subgroup.
 For the Frattini subgroup  all maximal subgroups  are intermediate subgroups.

This causes restrictions for the transfer kernel type  of the second layer, since

and thus

But even

Furthermore, when  with  an element  of order  with respect to , can belong to  only if its th power is contained in , for all intermediate subgroups , and thus: , for certain , enforces the first layer TKT singulet , but , for some , even specifies the complete first layer TKT multiplet , that is , for all .

Inheritance from quotients
The common feature of all parent-descendant relations between finite p-groups is that the parent  is a quotient  of the descendant  by a suitable normal subgroup  Thus, an equivalent definition can be given by selecting an epimorphism  with  Then the group  can be viewed as the parent of the descendant .

In the following sections, this point of view will be taken, generally for arbitrary groups, not only for finite p-groups.

Passing through the abelianization

Proposition. Suppose  is an abelian group and  is a homomorphism. Let  denote the canonical projection map. Then there exists a unique homomorphism  such that  and  (See Figure 1).

Proof. This statement is a consequence of the second Corollary in the article on the induced homomorphism. Nevertheless, we give an independent proof for the present situation: the uniqueness of  is a consequence of the condition  which implies for any  we have:

 is a homomorphism, let  be arbitrary, then:

Thus, the commutator subgroup , and this finally shows that the definition of  is independent of the coset representative,

TTT singulets

Proposition. Assume  are as above and  is the image of a subgroup  The commutator subgroup of  is the image of the commutator subgroup of  Therefore,  induces a unique epimorphism , and thus  is a quotient of  Moreover, if , then the map  is an isomorphism (See Figure 2).

Proof. This claim is a consequence of the Main Theorem in the article on the induced homomorphism. Nevertheless, an independent proof is given as follows: first, the image of the commutator subgroup is

Second, the epimorphism  can be restricted to an epimorphism . According to the previous section, the composite epimorphism  factors through  by means of a uniquely determined epimorphism  such that . Consequently, we have . Furthermore, the kernel of  is given explicitly by .

Finally, if , then  is an isomorphism, since .

Definition. Due to the results in the present section, it makes sense to define a partial order on the set of abelian type invariants by putting , when , and , when .

TKT singulets

Proposition. Assume  are as above and  is the image of a subgroup of finite index  Let  and  be Artin transfers. If , then the image of a left transversal of  in  is a left transversal of  in , and  Moreover, if  then  (See Figure 3).

Proof. Let  be a left transversal of  in . Then we have a disjoint union:

Consider the image of this disjoint union, which is not necessarily disjoint,

and let  We have:

Let  be the epimorphism from the previous proposition. We have:

Since , the right hand side equals , if  is a left transversal of  in , which is true when  Therefore,  Consequently,  implies the inclusion

Finally, if , then by the previous proposition  is an isomorphism. Using its inverse we get , which proves

Combining the inclusions we have:

Definition. In view of the results in the present section, we are able to define a partial order of transfer kernels by setting , when

TTT and TKT multiplets

Assume  are as above and that  and  are isomorphic and finite. Let  denote the family of all subgroups containing  (making it a finite family of normal subgroups). For each  let:

Take  be any non-empty subset of . Then it is convenient to define , called the (partial) transfer kernel type (TKT) of  with respect to , and  called the (partial) transfer target type (TTT) of  with respect to .

Due to the rules for singulets, established in the preceding two sections, these multiplets of TTTs and TKTs obey the following fundamental inheritance laws:

Inheritance Law I. If , then , in the sense that , for each , and , in the sense that , for each .

Inheritance Law II. If , then , in the sense that , for each , and , in the sense that , for each .

Inherited automorphisms
A further inheritance property does not immediately concern Artin transfers but will prove to be useful in applications to descendant trees.

Inheritance Law III. Assume  are as above and  If  then there exists a unique epimorphism  such that . If  then

Proof. Using the isomorphism  we define:

First we show this map is well-defined:

The fact that  is surjective, a homomorphism and satisfies  are easily verified.

And if , then injectivity of  is a consequence of

Let  be the canonical projection then there exists a unique induced automorphism  such that , that is,

The reason for the injectivity of  is that

since  is a characteristic subgroup of .

Definition.  is called a σ−group, if there exists  such that the induced automorphism acts like the inversion on , that is for all

The Inheritance Law III asserts that, if  is a σ−group and , then  is also a σ−group, the required automorphism being . This can be seen by applying the epimorphism  to the equation  which yields

Stabilization criteria
In this section, the results concerning the inheritance of TTTs and TKTs from quotients in the previous section are applied to the simplest case, which is characterized by the following

Assumption. The parent  of a group  is the quotient  of  by the last non-trivial term  of the lower central series of , where  denotes the nilpotency class of . The corresponding epimorphism  from  onto  is the canonical projection, whose kernel is given by .

Under this assumption,
the kernels and targets of Artin transfers turn out to be compatible with parent-descendant relations between finite p-groups.

Compatibility criterion. Let  be a prime number. Suppose that  is a non-abelian finite p-group of nilpotency class . Then the TTT and the TKT of  and of its parent  are comparable in the sense that  and .

The simple reason for this fact is that, for any subgroup , we have , since .

For the remaining part of this section, the investigated groups are supposed to be finite metabelian p-groups  with elementary abelianization  of rank , that is of type .

Partial stabilization for maximal class. A metabelian p-group  of coclass  and of nilpotency class  shares the last  components of the TTT  and of the TKT  with its parent . More explicitly, for odd primes , we have  and  for .

This criterion is due to the fact that  implies ,

for the last  maximal subgroups  of .

The condition  is indeed necessary for the partial stabilization criterion. For odd primes , the extra special -group  of order  and exponent  has nilpotency class  only, and the last  components of its TKT  are strictly smaller than the corresponding components of the TKT  of its parent  which is the elementary abelian -group of type .

For , both extra special -groups of coclass  and class , the ordinary quaternion group  with TKT  and the dihedral group  with TKT , have strictly smaller last two components of their TKTs than their common parent  with TKT .

Total stabilization for maximal class and positive defect.

A metabelian p-group  of coclass  and of nilpotency class , that is, with index of nilpotency , shares all  components of the TTT  and of the TKT  with its parent , provided it has positive defect of commutativity .

Note that  implies , and we have  for all .

This statement can be seen by observing that the conditions  and  imply ,

for all the  maximal subgroups  of .

The condition  is indeed necessary for total stabilization. To see this it suffices to consider the first component of the TKT only. For each nilpotency class , there exist (at least) two groups  with TKT  and  with TKT , both with defect , where the first component of their TKT is strictly smaller than the first component of the TKT  of their common parent .

Partial stabilization for non-maximal class.

Let  be fixed. A metabelian 3-group  with abelianization , coclass  and nilpotency class  shares the last two (among the four) components of the TTT  and of the TKT  with its parent .

This criterion is justified by the following consideration. If , then

for the last two maximal subgroups  of .

The condition  is indeed unavoidable for partial stabilization, since there exist several -groups of class , for instance those with SmallGroups identifiers , such that the last two components of their TKTs  are strictly smaller than the last two components of the TKT  of their common parent .

Total stabilization for non-maximal class and cyclic centre.

Again, let  be fixed.
A metabelian 3-group  with abelianization , coclass , nilpotency class  and cyclic centre  shares all four components of the TTT  and of the TKT  with its parent .

The reason is that, due to the cyclic centre, we have

for all four maximal subgroups  of .

The condition of a cyclic centre is indeed necessary for total stabilization, since for a group with bicyclic centre there occur two possibilities.
Either  is also bicyclic, whence  is never contained in ,
or  is cyclic but is never contained in .

Summarizing, we can say that the last four criteria underpin the fact that Artin transfers provide a marvellous tool for classifying finite p-groups.

In the following sections, it will be shown how these ideas can be applied for endowing descendant trees with additional structure, and for searching particular groups in descendant trees by looking for patterns defined by the kernels and targets of Artin transfers. These strategies of pattern recognition are useful in pure group theory and in algebraic number theory.

Structured descendant trees (SDTs)
This section uses the terminology of descendant trees in the theory of finite p-groups.
In Figure 4, a descendant tree with modest complexity is selected exemplarily to demonstrate how Artin transfers provide additional structure for each vertex of the tree.
More precisely, the underlying prime is , and the chosen descendant tree is actually a coclass tree having a unique infinite mainline, branches of depth , and strict periodicity of length  setting in with branch .
The initial pre-period consists of branches  and  with exceptional structure.
Branches  and  form the primitive period such that , for odd , and , for even .
The root of the tree is the metabelian -group with identifier , that is, a group of order  and with counting number . This root is not coclass settled, whence its entire descendant tree  is of considerably higher complexity than the coclass- subtree , whose first six branches are drawn in the diagram of Figure 4.
The additional structure can be viewed as a sort of coordinate system in which the tree is embedded. The horizontal abscissa is labelled with the transfer kernel type (TKT) , and the vertical ordinate is labelled with a single component  of the transfer target type (TTT). The vertices of the tree are drawn in such a manner that members of periodic infinite sequences form a vertical column sharing a common TKT. On the other hand, metabelian groups of a fixed order, represented by vertices of depth at most , form a horizontal row sharing a common first component of the TTT. (To discourage any incorrect interpretations, we explicitly point out that the first component of the TTT of non-metabelian groups or metabelian groups, represented by vertices of depth , is usually smaller than expected, due to stabilization phenomena!) The TTT of all groups in this tree represented by a big full disk, which indicates a bicyclic centre of type , is given by  with varying first component , the nearly homocyclic abelian -group of order , and fixed further components  and , where the abelian type invariants are either written as orders of cyclic components or as their -logarithms with exponents indicating iteration. (The latter notation is employed in Figure 4.) Since the coclass of all groups in this tree is , the connection between the order  and the nilpotency class is given by .

Pattern recognition
For searching a particular group in a descendant tree by looking for patterns defined by the kernels and targets of Artin transfers, it is frequently adequate to reduce the number of vertices in the branches of a dense tree with high complexity by sifting groups with desired special properties, for example

 filtering the -groups,
 eliminating a set of certain transfer kernel types,
 cancelling all non-metabelian groups (indicated by small contour squares in Fig. 4),
 removing metabelian groups with cyclic centre (denoted by small full disks in Fig. 4),
 cutting off vertices whose distance from the mainline (depth) exceeds some lower bound,
 combining several different sifting criteria.

The result of such a sieving procedure is called a pruned descendant tree with respect to the desired set of properties.
However, in any case, it should be avoided that the main line of a coclass tree is eliminated, since the result would be a disconnected infinite set of finite graphs instead of a tree.
For example, it is neither recommended to eliminate all -groups in Figure 4 nor to eliminate all groups with TKT .
In Figure 4, the big double contour rectangle surrounds the pruned coclass tree , where the numerous vertices with TKT  are completely eliminated. This would, for instance, be useful for searching a -group with TKT  and first component  of the TTT. In this case, the search result would even be a unique group. We expand this idea further in the following detailed discussion of an important example.

Historical example
The oldest example of searching for a finite p-group by the strategy of pattern recognition via Artin transfers goes back to 1934, when A. Scholz and O. Taussky

tried to determine the Galois group  of the Hilbert -class field tower, that is the maximal unramified pro- extension , of the complex quadratic number field  They actually succeeded in finding the maximal metabelian quotient  of , that is the Galois group of the second Hilbert -class field  of .
However, it needed  years until M. R. Bush and D. C. Mayer, in 2012, provided the first rigorous proof

that the (potentially infinite) -tower group  coincides with the finite -group  of derived length , and thus the -tower of  has exactly three stages, stopping at the third Hilbert -class field  of .

The search is performed with the aid of the p-group generation algorithm by M. F. Newman

and E. A. O'Brien.

For the initialization of the algorithm, two basic invariants must be determined. Firstly, the generator rank  of the p-groups to be constructed. Here, we have  and  is given by the -class rank of the quadratic field . Secondly, the abelian type invariants of the -class group  of . These two invariants indicate the root of the descendant tree which will be constructed successively. Although the p-group generation algorithm is designed to use the parent-descendant definition by means of the lower exponent-p central series, it can be fitted to the definition with the aid of the usual lower central series. In the case of an elementary abelian p-group as root, the difference is not very big. So we have to start with the elementary abelian -group of rank two, which has the SmallGroups identifier , and to construct the descendant tree . We do that by iterating the p-group generation algorithm, taking suitable capable descendants of the previous root as the next root, always executing an increment of the nilpotency class by a unit.

As explained at the beginning of the section Pattern recognition, we must prune the descendant tree with respect to the invariants TKT and TTT of the -tower group , which are determined by the arithmetic of the field  as  (exactly two fixed points and no transposition) and . Further, any quotient of  must be a -group, enforced by number theoretic requirements for the quadratic field .

The root  has only a single capable descendant  of type . In terms of the nilpotency class,  is the class- quotient  of  and  is the class- quotient  of . Since the latter has nuclear rank two, there occurs a bifurcation , where the former component  can be eliminated by the stabilization criterion  for the TKT of all -groups of maximal class.

Due to the inheritance property of TKTs, only the single capable descendant  qualifies as the class- quotient  of .
There is only a single capable -group  among the descendants of . It is the class- quotient  of  and has nuclear rank two.

This causes the essential bifurcation  in two subtrees belonging to different coclass graphs  and . The former contains the metabelian quotient  of  with two possibilities , which are not balanced with relation rank  bigger than the generator rank. The latter consists entirely of non-metabelian groups and yields the desired -tower group  as one among the two Schur -groups  and  with .

Finally the termination criterion is reached at the capable vertices  and , since the TTT  is too big and will even increase further, never returning to . The complete search process is visualized in Table 1, where, for each of the possible successive p-quotients  of the -tower group  of , the nilpotency class is denoted by , the nuclear rank by , and the p-multiplicator rank by .

Commutator calculus
This section shows exemplarily how commutator calculus can be used for determining the kernels and targets of Artin transfers explicitly. As a concrete example we take the metabelian -groups with bicyclic centre, which are represented by big full disks as vertices, of the coclass tree diagram in Figure 4. They form ten periodic infinite sequences, four, resp. six, for even, resp. odd, nilpotency class , and can be characterized with the aid of a parametrized polycyclic power-commutator presentation:

where  is the nilpotency class,  with  is the order, and  are parameters.

The transfer target type (TTT) of the group  depends only on the nilpotency class , is independent of the parameters , and is given uniformly by . This phenomenon is called a polarization, more precisely a uni-polarization, at the first component.

The transfer kernel type (TKT) of the group  is independent of the nilpotency class , but depends on the parameters , and is given by c.18, , for  (a mainline group), H.4, , for  (two capable groups), E.6, , for  (a terminal group), and E.14, , for  (two terminal groups). For even nilpotency class, the two groups of types H.4 and E.14, which differ in the sign of the parameter  only, are isomorphic.

These statements can be deduced by means of the following considerations.

As a preparation, it is useful to compile a list of some commutator relations, starting with those given in the presentation,
 for  and  for ,
which shows that the bicyclic centre is given by . By means of the right product rule  and the right power rule ,
we obtain , , and , for .

The maximal subgroups of  are taken in a similar way as in the section on the computational implementation, namely

Their derived subgroups are crucial for the behavior of the Artin transfers. By making use of the general formula , where , and where we know that  in the present situation, it follows that

Note that  is not far from being abelian, since  is contained in the centre .

As the first main result, we are now in the position to determine the abelian type invariants of the derived quotients:

the unique quotient which grows with increasing nilpotency class , since  for even  and  for odd ,

since generally , but  for , whereas  for  and .

Now we come to the kernels of the Artin transfer homomorphisms . It suffices to investigate the induced transfers  and to begin by finding expressions for the images  of elements , which can be expressed in the form

First, we exploit outer transfers as much as possible:

Next, we treat the unavoidable inner transfers, which are more intricate. For this purpose, we use the polynomial identity

to obtain:

Finally, we combine the results: generally

and in particular,

To determine the kernels, it remains to solve the equations:

The following equivalences, for any , finish the justification of the statements:

  both arbitrary .
  with arbitrary ,
  with arbitrary ,
 ,

Consequently, the last three components of the TKT are independent of the parameters  which means that both, the TTT and the TKT, reveal a uni-polarization at the first component.

Systematic library of SDTs
The aim of this section is to present a collection of structured coclass trees (SCTs) of finite p-groups with parametrized presentations and a succinct summary of invariants.
The underlying prime  is restricted to small values .
The trees are arranged according to increasing coclass  and different abelianizations within each coclass.
To keep the descendant numbers manageable, the trees are pruned by eliminating vertices of depth bigger than one.
Further, we omit trees where stabilization criteria enforce a common TKT of all vertices, since we do not consider such trees as structured any more.
The invariants listed include

 pre-period and period length,
 depth and width of branches,
 uni-polarization, TTT and TKT,
 -groups.

We refrain from giving justifications for invariants, since the way how invariants are derived from presentations was demonstrated exemplarily in the section on commutator calculus

Coclass 1
For each prime , the unique tree of p-groups of maximal class is endowed with information on TTTs and TKTs, that is,  for  for , and  for . In the last case, the tree is restricted to metabelian -groups.

The -groups of coclass  in Figure 5 can be defined by the following parametrized polycyclic pc-presentation, quite different from Blackburn's presentation.

where the nilpotency class is , the order is  with , and  are parameters. The branches are strictly periodic with pre-period  and period length , and have depth  and width .
Polarization occurs for the third component and the TTT is , only dependent on  and with cyclic . The TKT depends on the parameters and is  for the dihedral mainline vertices with ,
 for the terminal generalized quaternion groups with , and  for the terminal semi dihedral groups with . There are two exceptions, the abelian root with  and , and the usual quaternion group with  and .

The -groups of coclass  in Figure 6 can be defined by the following parametrized polycyclic pc-presentation, slightly different from Blackburn's presentation.

where the nilpotency class is , the order is  with , and  are parameters. The branches are strictly periodic with pre-period  and period length , and have depth  and width . Polarization occurs for the first component and the TTT is , only dependent on  and . The TKT depends on the parameters and is  for the mainline vertices with  for the terminal vertices with  for the terminal vertices with , and  for the terminal vertices with . There exist three exceptions, the abelian root with , the extra special group of exponent  with  and , and the Sylow -subgroup of the alternating group  with . Mainline vertices and vertices on odd branches are -groups.

The metabelian -groups of coclass  in Figure 7 can be defined by the following parametrized polycyclic pc-presentation, slightly different from Miech's presentation.

where the nilpotency class is , the order is  with , and  are parameters. The (metabelian!) branches are strictly periodic with pre-period  and period length , and have depth  and width . (The branches of the complete tree, including non-metabelian groups, are only virtually periodic and have bounded width but unbounded depth!) Polarization occurs for the first component and the TTT is , only dependent on  and the defect of commutativity . The TKT depends on the parameters and is  for the mainline vertices with  for the terminal vertices with  for the terminal vertices with , and  for the vertices with . There exist three exceptions, the abelian root with , the extra special group of exponent  with  and , and the group  with . Mainline vertices and vertices on odd branches are -groups.

Coclass 2

Abelianization of type (p,p)
Three coclass trees, ,  and  for , are endowed with information concerning TTTs and TKTs.

On the tree , the -groups of coclass  with bicyclic centre in Figure 8 can be defined by the following parametrized polycyclic pc-presentation.

where the nilpotency class is , the order is  with , and  are parameters.
The branches are strictly periodic with pre-period  and period length , and have depth  and width .
Polarization occurs for the first component and the TTT is , only dependent on .
The TKT depends on the parameters and is
 for the mainline vertices with ,
 for the capable vertices with ,
 for the terminal vertices with ,
and  for the terminal vertices with .
Mainline vertices and vertices on even branches are -groups.

On the tree , the -groups of coclass  with bicyclic centre in Figure 9 can be defined by the following parametrized polycyclic pc-presentation.

where the nilpotency class is , the order is  with , and  are parameters.
The branches are strictly periodic with pre-period  and period length , and have depth  and width .
Polarization occurs for the second component and the TTT is , only dependent on .
The TKT depends on the parameters and is
 for the mainline vertices with ,
 for the capable vertices with ,
 for the terminal vertices with ,
and  for the terminal vertices with .
Mainline vertices and vertices on even branches are -groups.

Abelianization of type (p2,p)
 and  for ,
 and  for .

Abelianization of type (p,p,p)
 for , and  for .

Coclass 3

Abelianization of type (p2,p)
,  and  for .

Abelianization of type (p,p,p)
 and  for ,
 and  for .

Arithmetical applications
In algebraic number theory and class field theory, structured descendant trees (SDTs) of finite p-groups provide an excellent tool for

 visualizing the location of various non-abelian p-groups  associated with algebraic number fields ,
 displaying additional information about the groups  in labels attached to corresponding vertices, and
 emphasizing the periodicity of occurrences of the groups  on branches of coclass trees.

For instance, let  be a prime number, and assume that  denotes the second Hilbert p-class field of an algebraic number field , that is the maximal metabelian unramified extension of  of degree a power of . Then the second p-class group  of  is usually a non-abelian p-group of derived length  and frequently permits to draw conclusions about the entire p''-class field tower of , that is the Galois group  of the maximal unramified pro-p extension  of .

Given a sequence of algebraic number fields  with fixed signature , ordered by the absolute values of their discriminants , a suitable structured coclass tree (SCT) , or also the finite sporadic part  of a coclass graph , whose vertices are entirely or partially realized by second p-class groups  of the fields  is endowed with additional arithmetical structure when each realized vertex , resp. , is mapped to data concerning the fields  such that .

Example
To be specific, let  and consider complex quadratic fields  with fixed signature  having -class groups with type invariants . See OEIS A242863 . Their second -class groups  have been determined by D. C. Mayer
 for the range , and, most recently, by N. Boston, M. R. Bush and F. Hajir for the extended range .

Let us firstly select the two structured coclass trees (SCTs)  and , which are known from Figures 8 and 9 already, and endow these trees with additional arithmetical structure by surrounding a realized vertex  with a circle and attaching an adjacent underlined boldface integer  which gives the minimal absolute discriminant such that  is realized by the second -class group . Then we obtain the arithmetically structured coclass trees (ASCTs) in Figures 10 and 11, which, in particular, give an impression of the actual distribution of second -class groups. See OEIS A242878 .

Concerning the periodicity of occurrences of second -class groups  of complex quadratic fields, it was proved that only every other branch of the trees in Figures 10 and 11 can be populated by these metabelian -groups and that the distribution sets in with a ground state (GS) on branch  and continues with higher excited states (ES) on the branches  with even . This periodicity phenomenon is underpinned by three sequences with fixed TKTs

 E.14 , OEIS A247693 ,
 E.6 , OEIS A247692 ,
 H.4 , OEIS A247694

on the ASCT , and by three sequences with fixed TKTs

 E.9 , OEIS A247696 ,
 E.8 , OEIS A247695 ,
 G.16 ,OEIS A247697

on the ASCT . Up to now, the ground state and three excited states are known for each of the six sequences, and for TKT E.9  even the fourth excited state occurred already. The minimal absolute discriminants of the various states of each of the six periodic sequences are presented in Table 2. Data for the ground states (GS) and the first excited states (ES1) has been taken from D. C. Mayer, most recent information on the second, third and fourth excited states (ES2, ES3, ES4) is due to N. Boston, M. R. Bush and F. Hajir.

In contrast, let us secondly select the sporadic part  of the coclass graph  for demonstrating that another way of attaching additional arithmetical structure to descendant trees is to display the counter  of hits of a realized vertex  by the second -class group  of fields with absolute discriminants below a given upper bound , for instance . With respect to the total counter  of all complex quadratic fields with -class group of type  and discriminant , this gives the relative frequency as an approximation to the asymptotic density of the population in Figure 12 and Table 3. Exactly four vertices of the finite sporadic part  of  are populated by second -class groups :

 , OEIS A247689 ,
 , OEIS A247690 ,
 , OEIS A242873 ,
 , OEIS A247688 .

Comparison of various primes
Now let  and consider complex quadratic fields  with fixed signature  and p-class groups of type . The dominant part of the second p-class groups of these fields populates the top vertices of order  of the sporadic part  of the coclass graph , which belong to the stem of P. Hall's isoclinism family , or their immediate descendants of order . For primes , the stem of  consists of  regular p-groups and reveals a rather uniform behaviour with respect to TKTs and TTTs, but the seven -groups in the stem of  are irregular. We emphasize that there also exist several ( for  and  for ) infinitely capable vertices in the stem of  which are partially roots of coclass trees. However, here we focus on the sporadic vertices which are either isolated Schur -groups ( for  and  for ) or roots of finite trees within  ( for each ). For , the TKT of Schur -groups is a permutation whose cycle decomposition does not contain transpositions, whereas the TKT of roots of finite trees is a compositum of disjoint transpositions having an even number ( or ) of fixed points.

We endow the forest  (a finite union of descendant trees) with additional arithmetical structure by attaching the minimal absolute discriminant  to each realized'' vertex . The resulting structured sporadic coclass graph is shown in Figure 13 for , in Figure 14 for , and in Figure 15 for .

References

Group theory
Class field theory


title: Henri van Abbe

text:
Henri Jacob van Abbe (; 8 January 1880 – 18 November 1940) was a Dutch tobacco industrialist and art collector. He is the founder of the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven.

Life
Henri Jacob van Abbe was born on 8 January 1880 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

He was a cigar manufacturer in Eindhoven, and in 1900 he started a cigar factory in Amsterdam which grew into a prosperous business. An avid art collector and lover of art, he founded the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven in 1936, to which he gave a major donation.

With Tinus van Bakel, a colleague in tobacco and art, he regularly traveled to Belgium in the 1930s to buy art. One of the places they visited (in 1936) was the artists' colony of Sint-Martens-Latem.

Van Abbe died on 18 November 1940 in Eindhoven.

References

External links

Henri van Abbe at Thuis in Brabant

1880 births
1940 deaths
Businesspeople from Amsterdam
Dutch art collectors
People from Eindhoven
20th-century Dutch businesspeople


title: HMS Attentive

text:
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Attentive, as have two shore establishments:

 was an Archer-class gunbrig of 12 guns, launched in 1804 and broken up in 1812.
HMS Attentive was the American brig Magnet captured in 1812 that the Royal Navy took into service as , used as prison ship at Halifax, Nova Scotia during the War of 1812, and then renamed HMS Attentive c. 1814. Attentive served as a store ship until she was broken up in Britain in 1817.
 was an  scout cruiser of the Royal Navy launched in 1904 and sold for scrapping in 1920.
HMS Attentive II was the shore base for the Dover Patrol, and was established in 1914 and decommissioned 31 October 1919.
 was a tender transferred from the War Department in 1905. She was renamed HMS Attentive in 1919, and was sold in 1923.
HMS Attentive was a shore base established 1 September 1939 as the command base for Portland.

Royal Navy ship names


title: Saône-et-Loire's 2nd constituency

text:
The 2nd constituency of the Saône-et-Loire is a French legislative constituency in the Saône-et-Loire département.

Description

The 2nd constituency of the Saône-et-Loire covers the southwestern portion of the department, The constituency has no major urban centre but does include the town of Marcigny, which is famous for the ceramics factory of Émile Henry Ltd.

Politically the seat has swung between left and right, between 1988 and 1997 it was held by Jean-Marc Nesme of the UDF who re-captured the seat in 2002 this time running as a UMP candidate.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

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2017

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2012

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Sources
Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

2


title: Lo Mejor (Grupo Niche album)

text:
Lo Mejor is a compilation album by Grupo Niche, released in 1998 on Caiman. All songs were written by Jairo Varela.

Track list
Del Puente Pa'Lla
La Fiera
Mama Chila
Ana Milé
Listo Medellin
Interes Cuanto Vales
Las Flores Tambien Se Mueren
Cicatrices

References

Mejor, Lo
Grupo Niche compilation albums
Spanish-language compilation albums


title: Candidatus Bartonella monaxi

text:
"Candidatus Bartonella monaxi" is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from groundhogs (Marmota monax).

References

Bartonellaceae
Candidatus taxa
Groundhogs


title: 2014 Aspria Tennis Cup – Singles

text:
Filippo Volandri was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Juan Lizariturry.

Albert Ramos won the title, defeating Pere Riba in the final, 6–3, 7–5.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
 Main draw
 Qualifying draw

2014 ATP Challenger Tour
2014 Singles


title: This Night Is Still Ours

text:
This Night Is Still Ours () is a 2008  Italian comedy film directed by Paolo Genovese and Luca Miniero.

Cast
Nicolas Vaporidis as Massimo Cirulli
Valentina Izumi Cocco as Jing Fu
Massimiliano Bruno as Andrea
Ilaria Spada as Maria
Katie McGovern as cute American girl
Maurizio Mattioli as Marco Cirulli
Franco Califano as Franco Cicchillitti
Paola Tiziana Cruciani as Miss Rita
Hal Yamanouchi as Laowang

See also
Movies about immigration to Italy

References

External links

2008 films
Italian comedy films
2008 comedy films
Films directed by Paolo Genovese
Films directed by Luca Miniero
Films set in Rome
2000s Italian-language films


title: George Honey

text:
George Honey (25 May 1822 – 28 May 1880) was a British actor, comedian and singer. He was in the original productions of Caste by T. W. Robertson, and Engaged by W. S. Gilbert.

Opera
Honey's acting career began in November 1848 at the Princess's Theatre, London, in the role of Pan in Midas. He was not regarded as a comedian in his early career, but as a singer; he joined the Pyne & Harrison Opera Company and appeared in several operas. One of these was The Rose of Castille, in which he appeared in the original production in 1857 at the Lyceum Theatre, London. Another was Martha in 1858 at the Drury Lane theatre, in an English translation; a reviewer in The Musical World wrote, "Mr. George Honey made an amusing caricature of Lord Tristan, but was not always to be praised for his extravagances."

Comic roles
From the early 1860s Honey concentrated on the dramatic stage, mainly in comic roles playing dissipated characters, for which he became popular. In 1865 he appeared in William Brough's burlesque Prince Amabel; in 1866 he was in Watts Phillips's The Huguenot Captain. In 1867 he appeared at the Prince of Wales Theatre in the original production of Caste by T. W. Robertson, which opened on 6 April; he played the part of Eccles. In the Daily News on 8 April, a critic wrote about this production:
Instead of the conventional clowns who are put in by slop-work dramatists to lighten the serious interest of their work, we have real characters who think, speak, and act like human beings, and yet are intensely amusing and interesting. The drunken father, evidently made up from Mr. George Cruikshank's pictures of The Bottle, is admirably played by Mr. George Honey, who made his first appearance at this theatre, and who never acted better.... The make-up, the voice, the manner, the savagery in one part, the hypocritical maudlin grief in another, the toadying to wealth in another, the disgust and abuse when wealth refuses to deposit even a sovereign, the exits and entrances of this character, are things to be gratefully remembered....

Honey was in the original production, which opened on 16 April 1870 at the Vaudeville Theatre, of For Love or Money by Andrew Haliday. He appeared in the play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, playing the part of Graves. He first took this role in 1869; the play was revived at the Prince of Wales Theatre in 1872 and 1875, where it made a greater impression on audiences. In the Standard on 31 May 1875, a critic wrote:

A noticeable and welcome feature in the revival is the return of Mr. George Honey, who resumes his part of Graves, one of the most genuine and unexaggerated examples of pure humour the modern stage has witnessed. Before Mr. Honey has uttered three sentences the character of Graves is distinctly placed before the spectator. The manner in which the sigh of grief for the memory of "sainted Maria" gives place to the approving criticism on the glass of sherry, and the aspect of bereavement changes to a look of gratification as his eye lights on the pleasant face of Lady Franklin, is irresistibly amusing; and the subsequent scene between the two is the perfection of comedy acting....

He was successful in the original cast of W.S.Gilbert's comedy Engaged, which opened on 3 October 1877 at the Haymarket Theatre; he played the part of Cheviot Hill. He returned to the role of Eccles in Caste, from January to May 1879 at the Prince of Wales Theatre.

Honey retired due to ill-health in 1879; he died in London in 1880, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery.

References

1822 births
1880 deaths
19th-century British male actors
British male stage actors
Burials at Highgate Cemetery


title: Caleb Binge

text:
Caleb Binge (born 29 October 1993) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer for the Gold Coast Titans of the National Rugby League. He primarily plays .

Playing career
Born in Lismore, New South Wales, Binge played his junior football for the Ballina Seagulls before being signed by the Brisbane Broncos. Upon moving to Brisbane, Binge attended Wavell State High School. He represented Queensland Under 16's in 2009 and Queensland Under 18's in 2011. He played for the Broncos' NYC team in 2011. In 2012, Binge joined the Gold Coast Titans and played for their NYC team through to 2013 before moving on to their Queensland Cup team, Tweed Heads Seagulls in 2014.

In round 14 of the 2014 NRL season, Binge made his NRL debut for the Gold Coast against the Melbourne Storm off the interchange bench in the 24–20 loss at Cbus Super Stadium. Binge didn’t play in first grade again until the Titans last match of the 2014 season in Round 26 against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs at Cbus Super Stadium, where he was a late inclusion on the interchange bench after the retiring Titans foundation player Luke Bailey failed to recover from a neck injury before the Titans comeback 19–18 golden point extra time win. Binge finished off his debut year in the NRL with him playing in two matches for the Gold Coast outfit in the 2014 NRL season. In 2015, Binge played for the Tweed Seagulls in the Queensland Cup competition. He would later go on to play for the Narrabri Blues in the country competition.

Controversy
In October 2010, Binge's father, Chris, alleged that Binge was racially vilified by NRL player Timana Tahu at an Aboriginal knock-out carnival.
On 19 November 2014, Binge pleaded guilty to low-range drink driving and was fined $900 along with having his licence suspended for three months.

References

External links
2014 Gold Coast Titans profile

1993 births
Living people
Australian people of Vanuatuan descent
Australian rugby league players
Gold Coast Titans players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Rugby league players from Lismore, New South Wales
Rugby league props
Tweed Heads Seagulls players


title: Angella Emurwon

text:
Angella Emurwon is a Ugandan playwright. She won the 2012 International Playwriting Competition first prize in the English as a Second Language category for her play Sunflowers Behind A Dirty Fence, in the 23rd International Playwriting Competition held by the BBC World Service and the British Council, in partnership with Commonwealth Writers. Her play The Cow Needs A Wife came third in the 2010 BBC African Performance Play Writing Competition.

Bibliography

Plays
Sunflowers Behind A Dirty Fence, 2012
The Cow Needs A Wife, 2010

Short stories
"Love puzzle"

References

External links
"Ugandan playwright wins BBC World Service writing competition"
"Angella Emurwon: Playwright with a rising international profile"
"Ugandans sweep BBC awards"
"Writing Plays; What Is It?"
"Books They Read: Angella Emurwon"
"Angella Emurwon speaks on her global playwriting award"
"Censorship and the Arts in Uganda"
Angella Emurwon on Facebook
YouTube video on Angella Emurwon Part 1 - The challenges of having a social focus
https://hi-in.facebook.com/GoetheZentrumKampala/videos/sunday-uganda-angella-emurwon-only-four-days-to-ngalabi-short-film-festival-2019/279933316020517/

Living people
Ugandan women writers
Ugandan dramatists and playwrights
Ugandan women dramatists and playwrights
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Ugandan women writers
21st-century dramatists and playwrights


title: Asiimwe Deborah GKashugi

text:
Asiimwe Deborah GKashugi is a Ugandan playwright, performer, and producer, currently working as Specialist for Sundance Institute East Africa and a mentor with the Hamburg, Germany-based Do School, Her recent plays include Forgotten World, Cooking Oil, Appointment with gOD and Un-entitled, which have all been received either as productions or stage readings in the United States of America and East Africa. Her play Will Smith Look Alike won the 2010 BBC African Performance Play Writing Competition. She is a 2006 recipient of a scholarship of merit in Writing for Performance from California Institute of the Arts, where she graduated with a Master in Fine Arts (MFA) degree in 2009, and of the 2010 Theatre Communications Group (TCG) New Generation Future Leaders grant to work with the Sundance Institute Theatre Program.

Early life and education
Deborah went to Kashwa Primary School, in present-day Kiruhura District. She attended Bweranyangi Girls School for her secondary education, before joining Makerere University, where she did a diploma in Music, Dance and Drama. She returned to Makerere University and received a Bachelor of Arts in Drama (Honors), 2003–2006. She got a scholarship and did a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in Writing for Performance at California Institute of the Arts.

Writing
Deborah's interest in storytelling and performance started in her childhood. She was raised in an oral literature and storytelling culture, where folklore is passed on from generation to generation, by word of mouth. The majority of her work explores socio-political issues that affect developing countries. She writes for stage, sometimes for radio and for screen. Her work has been performed in Nairobi, Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya, and Kigali, Rwanda. In 2010, she was a recipient of the Theatre Communications Group (TCG) New Generation Future Leaders grant to work with the Sundance Institute Theatre Program. In the same year, Will Smith Look Alike, a radio play by Deborah Asiimwe, was the overall winner of the BBC playwriting competition. She received a co-operation fellowship of JES (Junges Ensemble Stuttgart) and Akademie Schloss Solitude for 2015. She has participated in many artists' gatherings and conferences, including the annual Arts in the One World Conference (CalArts, Valencia, California), a project of The More Life: Cultural Studies and Genocide Initiative, a collaboration between CalArts and the Interdisciplinary Genocide Study Center in Kigali, Rwanda; the Women Playwrights International Conference (WPI) in the Philippines (2003); and is the 2003 Sundance Theatre Lab international observer, and others.

Bibliography
Forgotten World
Cooking Oil
Appointment with gOD
Un-entitled
Lagoma is Searching
You are that Man
My Secret

Awards and recognition
 Winner of the 2010 BBC African Performance Play Writing Competition for her play Will Smith Look Alike.
 Recipient of the 2006 scholarship of merit in Writing for Performance from California Institute of the Arts
 Recipient of the 2010 Theatre Communications Group (TCG) New Generation Future Leaders grant to work with the Sundance Institute Theatre Program

References

External links
"Deborah Asiimwe – amazing Ugandan playwright…"
"20 years later, theatre department remembers Rwandan Genocide"
"How little TV and lots of ebyevugo made a winning playwright"
"Cooking Oil, a New Play Set in Developing Africa, Gets NYC Reading May 28 Prior to Uganda"
"Will Smith Look Alike wins Asiimwe top BBC play prize"
"Deborah Asiimwe’s Cooking Oil Interrogates Effects of U.S. Foreign Aid"
"Wole Soyinka blown away by Ugandan playwrights"

Living people
Ugandan women writers
People from Kiruhura District
Makerere University alumni
Ugandan dramatists and playwrights
Ugandan women dramatists and playwrights
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Ugandan women writers
21st-century dramatists and playwrights
California Institute of the Arts alumni


title: St. Mary's Convent School, Dewas

text:
St. Mary's Convent School, Dewas (MP) is a co-ed day school providing public school education up to the senior secondary level (Class 12). The institution is administered and run by the Franciscan Sisters of St. Mary of the Angels (FSMA), a religious charitable institute that has established several flourishing schools in the country.

History
The school reports had a lowly beginning back in July 1968 when it started in the out houses of the then-Maharaja of Dewas. Dewas was an insignificant village at that time and had not developed to its current status. The founders, Sr. Bernadette and Sr. Rosalia used to commute by bus from Ujjain, walking the residual distance to the palace ground with all the teaching accessories. As the number of students on the roll kept growing it became imperative to put up a school building. Fr. Reckwordt SVD supervised the planning and construction of the new school building on the Ujjain–Dewas road to which the school was shifted in 1971. In the span of 49 years since its establishment, the institute has contrived to teach thousands of students. Since its inception the school has acquired a high reputation among others of the present city.

Overview
The school is run by the Francisian Sisters of St. Mary of the Angels (FSMA), a religious charitable institute that has established several flourishing schools in the country. It is a co-ed school, recognized and affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education.
The school may be entered at Kindergarten or Nursery level.

Facilities
 Smart 'Technology Empowered Classrooms'
The school has interactive computer-aided teaching through Smart Class using screens with a Smart Assessment System (SAS) in all the classes. SAS is a tool that allows teachers to assess and immediately evaluate their students' learning. The system is designed so that the students answer single and multiple-choice questions. The data are stored and the teacher can generate a wide range of reports with respect to each individual student. Through the Smart Class program teachers use digital resources such as animation, videos, diagrams, maps, graphs, and models, while teaching the chosen topic in the classroom.
 Seminar Hall/Auditorium
The auditorium is equipped with presentation tools and is a venue for recurring seminars and conferences.

Notable alumni
 Neha Hinge, Femina Miss India International in 2010

Gallery

References

External links
 Official Website

Franciscan high schools
Primary schools in India
Christian schools in Madhya Pradesh
High schools and secondary schools in Madhya Pradesh
Schools in Dewas
Educational institutions established in 1968
1968 establishments in Madhya Pradesh


title: Vanilla and Chocolate

text:
Vanilla and Chocolate () is a 2004  Italian romance film directed by Ciro Ippolito.

Cast

Maria Grazia Cucinotta: Penelope
Joaquín Cortés: Carlos
Alessandro Preziosi: Andrea
Roberta Alberti: young Penelope
Serra Yilmaz: Diomira
Ernesto Mahieux: Briganti
Licinia Lentini: Irene

References

External links

2004 films
Italian romantic drama films
2004 romantic drama films
2000s Italian films


title: Thunakkadavu Dam

text:
Thunakkadavu Dam is situated in Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala across Thoonakkadavu River, which is a tributary of Parambikulam River, in Palakkad district of Kerala, India. It is part of the Parambikulam-Aliyar Irrigation Project. It is in the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary in the Muthalamada panchayath.

This is a small balancing Reservoir with gross capacity is 557 Mcft. The water that is received from Prambikulam Reservoir and from the Peruvaripallam Reservoir, as well as from its own catchment, is diverted to the Sarkarpathy Power House through the Sarkarpathy Power Tunnel. The Peruvaripallam Dam is connected to the Parambikulam Dam by a canal  through a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long underground tunnel. The Poringalkuthu reservoir gets water from catchments downstream of Parambikulam and Thunakadavu dams.

Reservoir

An adjacent canal also flows from this river to the reservoir. Reservoir attracts fishing businesses. Tourism is also developed around the Reservoir. Water from Parambikulam dam drains to Thoonakadavu by gravity and after generation of 30 mW power at Sircarpathy, it will go through a Canal to reach Thirumurthi Dam.

Sharing of water

The water stored in the dam reservoir is used mainly for agriculture. Kerala needs to get water every year from The Parambikulam-Aliyar project and Tamil Nadu will provide 7.25 TMC from the proposed project.

References

Earth-filled dams
Dams completed in 1965
Buildings and structures in Palakkad district
1965 establishments in Kerala
20th-century architecture in India
Dams in Palakkad district


title: Saône-et-Loire's 3rd constituency

text:
The 3rd constituency of the Saône-et-Loire is a French legislative constituency in the Saône-et-Loire département.

Description

The 3rd constituency of the Saône-et-Loire covers the north of the department around the Roman city of Autun and the industrial town Le Creusot famed for its iron works.

Between 1988 and 2012 control of the seat swapped between Socialist André Billardon and Gaullist Jean-Paul Anciaux.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

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2017

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2012

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Sources
Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

3


title: 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Belgium

text:
The 2014 FIA WTCC Race of Belgium was the seventh round of the 2014 World Touring Car Championship season and the fourth running of the FIA WTCC Race of Belgium after an absence of two seasons. It was held on 22 June 2014 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Francorchamps, Belgium.

Both races were won by Citroën Total WTCC; Yvan Muller won race one from pole position and José María López won race two.

Background
López continued to lead the drivers' championship after the first six rounds, forty–one points ahead of teammate Yvan Muller. Franz Engstler held the lead of the Yokohama Trophy.

European Touring Car Cup racer Norbert Nagy joined Campos Racing for the Belgian round, driving a TC2 SEAT León WTCC.

The compensation weights remained unchanged after the previous round; the Citroën C-Elysée WTCC retained the maximum ballast to keep their weight at . The Honda Civic WTCCs and Chevrolet RML Cruze TC1s retained  of ballast to weigh–in at . The Lada Granta 1.6Ts remained at the base weight of .

Tiago Monteiro picked up a five–place grid penalty for the first race after colliding with Tom Chilton in race two at the FIA WTCC Race of Russia.

Report

Testing and free practice
López led a Citroën 1–2 in Friday testing, Monteiro was third for Honda.

López led a Citroën 1–2–3–4 in free practice one, Hugo Valente was best of the rest.

López was ahead of Valente in free practice two. The session saw a number of drivers lose lap times for exceeding track limits.

Qualifying
Muller was quickest in the first part of qualifying, López and Loeb were second and third. The fourth Citroën of Ma Qing Hua had balance issues and set a best time slower than his practice times and ended up 14th behind the Lada of Robert Huff.

The second session saw many of the cars running together in order to get a slipstream to assist them on the fast straights, Muller was second in the pack behind Michelisz and went fastest before López quickly knocked him down to second. Sébastien Loeb was third with Valente fourth and Gabriele Tarquini the last of the five cars to make it through to Q3. Gianni Morbidelli finished tenth and claimed pole position for race two.

In the Q3 shootout it was Muller who claimed pole ahead of Loeb and López, Valente lined up fourth ahead of Tarquini.

After qualifying, Dušan Borković had an engine change in his Chevrolet Cruze and was dropped to the back of the grid for race one.

Race One
Borković's Chevrolet sprung an oil leak on the grid after his engine change, with sand applied to his grid slot as a result. At the start the three Citroëns got away while Tarquini attacked Valente for fourth and Monteiro and Michelisz battles for sixth. Chilton did not get away at the start and the rest of the field went around the stranded Chevrolet before he got going. Valente went wide at La Source but got back as Tarquini dropped back towards Monteiro the midfield pack. Morbidelli passed the two factory Hondas and took fifth place. Huff spun out on the oil on the track at turn 12 and dropped to the back of the field. Both Valente and Mehdi Bennani were given drive–through penalties for exceeding track limits as López and Loeb battled for second place at the start of lap four which gave Muller a chance to distance himself from his title rivals. The windscreen on Ma's car broke on lap six as he battled for tenth position with Chilton and Borković, the screen had bent and distorted his vision. On the last lap López passed Loeb for second place at Les Combes while Monteiro was close up behind Morbidelli in pursuit of fourth place. Muller claimed a dominant win with López second and Loeb in third completing the Citroën 1–2–3, Monteiro made a last corner lunge on Morbidelli which allowed Tom Coronel to close in and take fifth place at the line. Franz Engstler was the winner in the TC2 category.

Race Two
Morbidelli from pole position was passed around the outside of La Source by Coronel at the start of the race. The two ran side–by–side up to Eau Rouge where Coronel came out on top and took the lead. Valente and López made contact at Malmedy sending the Campos Chevrolet into a half spin and allowing Muller to follow López through the gap. Monteiro got ahead of Morbidelli and into second place at the end of the first lap as Coronel led by a second. López gained another position on lap two when he passed Tarquini as he was lining up a pass on Michelisz at Rivage; López picked off Michelisz at the Bus Stop at the end of lap two and then Morbidelli at the same place the following lap. Ma went into the pits on lap five to retire after struggling in both races. At the start of lap six Coronel was under pressure for the lead from López, Muller was following him through the pack and was fourth behind Monteiro. Coronel defended but López drew alongside at La Source and made the pass at Eau Rouge to take the lead. Shortly after Muller passed Monteiro and then Coronel as he chased his title rival. López led a Citroën 1–2 with Muller second and Coronel held on to third place. Franz Engstler was the TC2 winner once again.

Results

Qualifying

Bold denotes Pole position for second race.

Race 1

Bold denotes Fastest lap.

Race 2

Bold denotes Fastest lap.

Standings after the event

Drivers' Championship standings

Yokohama Trophy standings

Manufacturers' Championship standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of drivers' standings.

References

External links
World Touring Car Championship official website

Belgium
FIA WTCC Race of Belgium
FIA WTCC Race of Belgium
Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps


title: I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss

text:
I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss is the tenth and final studio album by Irish singer-songwriter Sinéad O'Connor, released on 11 August 2014 on Nettwerk Music Group. The album was originally to be called The Vishnu Room after the song of the same name, but was changed, along with its original cover design, shortly before release in support of the Ban Bossy campaign.

The album was nominated for the Irish Meteor Choice Music Prize for Best Album. It was O'Connor's final completed album before her death in 2023.

Critical reception

Upon release the album received positive reviews from such publications as American Songwriter, The Guardian, Now and Slant Magazine. The Metacritic aggregate score on August 12, 2014 was 66 out of a 100. Fred Thomas, writing for AllMusic, gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, with a favorable review, opening with the summary: "A decade of inconsistent, spotty, or simply confusing output from iconic Irish singer/songwriter Sinéad O'Connor was redeemed with 2012's refreshingly focused and honest effort How About I Be Me (And You Be You)? That album saw O'Connor effortlessly creating the same type of emotionally charged yet easily melodic fare that constituted her earliest, most popular work, and positioned her for a graceful return to form. Two years later, I'm Not Bossy, I'm the Boss follows the impassioned pop framework of its immediate predecessor, branching out into even more vivid stylistic dimensions and retaining all the energy, controversy, and fire that have come to define O'Connor as both a musician and a political figure. Taken at face value, the songs here are vibrant and multifaceted."

Track listing

Personnel
Sinéad O'Connor – vocals; guitar on tracks 2, 3 and 5; bass guitar on track 13
Rubert Cobb, Fred Gibson – trumpet
John Reynolds – drums, keyboards, programming, mixing, production
Clare Kenny – bass guitar
Graham Kearns, Justin Adams – guitar
Graham Henderson, Tim Oliver – keyboards
Brook Supple – acoustic guitar
Brian Eno – keyboards
Tim Oliver – keyboards, mixing
Caroline Dale – cello
Seun Kuti – saxophone
Ruby Reynolds – piano
John Rummen – design
Graham Bolger – additional engineering
Kevin Metcalfe – mastering
Donal Moloney – photography

Charts

References

External links

2014 albums
Albums produced by John Reynolds (musician)
Nettwerk Records albums
Sinéad O'Connor albums


title: I Like to Work (Mobbing)

text:
I Like to Work (Mobbing) () is a 2004  Italian drama film directed by Francesca Comencini. It won the Panorama section Ecumenical Jury Prize at the 54th Berlin International Film Festival. It also won the Nastro d'Argento for best script.

Cast

Nicoletta Braschi: Anna
Camille Dugay Comencini: Morgana
Marina Buoncristiani: Marina
Roberta Celea: Roberta
Assunta Cestaro: Sindacalista

See also
 List of Italian films of 2004

References

External links

2004 films
Italian drama films
2004 drama films
Films set in Rome
2000s Italian films


title: Dragon Slayer (song)

text:
"Dragon Slayer" is a song written and performed by American comedy rock band Ninja Sex Party. The song was originally recorded for the band's third studio album Attitude City. The track was released as the band's sixth single on February 19, 2014, becoming the second single to be released in promotion of Attitude City.

Packaging
The single cover for "Dragon Slayer" was painted by London-based artist Katie Scott. The artwork, originally posted by Scott on her Facebook page in November 2013, features Danny Sexbang sitting on a dragon corpse, holding a bloodied sword with two half-naked girls sitting at his feet. Ninja Brian stands in the background holding a pocket knife. She had previously created the artwork for British alternative rock band Bombay Bicycle Club's third studio album A Different Kind of Fix.

Music video
The music video for "Dragon Slayer", directed by Game Grumps co-host Arin Hanson, and featuring cameo appearances from Hanson, Game Grumps editor Barry Kramer, Steam Train co-host Ross O'Donovan, and internet personality Comic Book Girl 19 premiered on YouTube on February 21, 2014.

The video broke the threshold of 1 million views in June 2014, becoming the sixth music video by the band to have achieved such. The video is the fifth  most viewed upload on the channel, with over 7 million views as of June 2019.

Track listings

Personnel
Ninja Sex Party
Dan Avidan – vocals
Brian Wecht – keyboards, production

Charts

Release history

References

2014 singles
2014 songs
Comedy songs
Ninja Sex Party songs


title: Saône-et-Loire's 4th constituency

text:
The 4th constituency of the Saône-et-Loire is a French legislative constituency in the Saône-et-Loire département.

Description

The 4th constituency of the Saône-et-Loire covers the north of Chalon-sur-Saône and the eastern part of the department. Following substantial boundary changes prior to the 2012 election the seat is now entirely different in character from its predecessor.

The seat has historically been a bastion of the Socialist Party, though the new boundaries made it far more marginal and the PS candidate won by only 379 at the 2012 election.  In the 2017 election it was one of the few constituencies held by the PS, in this case by over 2,000 votes. PS strengthened their hold on the seat in 2022, winning by over 4,000 votes.

Historic Representation

Election results

2022

2017

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2012

|-
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Sources
Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

4


title: International Sports Promotion Society

text:
(ISPS, also known as ISPS Handa) is a Japanese non-profit organization known for its sponsorship of golf tournaments worldwide, including the PGA Seniors Championship and LPGA Women's Australian Open. ISPS Handa is a member of the Tokyo Sports Association, a public interest incorporated foundation.

"ISPS founder Haruhisa Handa is known for promoting blind golf and introducing the sport to Japan." ISPS is involved in the campaign for disabled golf to be adopted as an official event of the Paralympics.

History
 ISPS Handa was founded in 2006, establishing “Handa Cup” in US,  as well as the “Handa Australian Cup” in Australia to fund and support LPGA senior golf tournaments.  It also began organizing  amateur events such as the Handa Cup All-Japan Golf Tutors Pro-Am Open Championship.
 Since 2007, ISPS Handa has also supported bowling tournaments in Japan, and has co-sanctioned Handa Cup Japan Pro Bowling Championship and Handa Cup All Japan Women's Pro Bowling Championship.  It also began to establish and support tournaments for international major tours.
 Since 2010, ISPS Handa has been hosting championships in Japan such as: JPGA Senior Tour and JGTO Challenge Tournament, including the ISPS Handa Cup Senior Masters.
 In January 2012, ISPS Handa established the ISPS Handa PGA Academy Program in collaboration with the PGA European Tour, in which UK professional golfers provide instruction to blind golfers.
 In 2013, ISPS Handa organized World Sports Values Summit for Peace in Tokyo.
 In July 2014, ISPS Handa started supporting Mpumalanga Black Aces F.C. in the Republic of South Africa.
 In June 2015, ISPS Handa founded ISPS Handa Global Cup, its first hosting tournament in association with Japan Golf Tour Organization.

Golf
ISPS Handa promotes disabled golf and blind golf,  and provides management and financial support to a number of tournaments in cooperation with the local golf associations worldwide.

There have been a number of tournaments organized titled “ISPS” as an abbreviation of International Sports Promotion Society, and “HANDA” which is the last name of Chairman Haruhisa Handa, as well as the combined title “ISPS HANDA”. ISPS Handa became the title sponsor for the 2013 Golf World Cup, resulting in the official title of the tournament as “ISPS Handa World Cup Golf”.

The 6th PGA Handa Cup Philanthropy Senior Tournament (organized by The Professional Golfers’ Association of Japan), had total prize money 5 times higher than the previous year's (2006 The 5th PGA Philanthropy Rebornest Senior Open), becoming the first “Total Prize Money 100,000,000 yen Tournament” in the history of the PGA Senior Tour. Since its 11th event in 2012, this Tournament has been conducted by ISPS, and the 2014 event was entitled as the “ISPS Handa Cup Philanthropy Senior Tournament”.

The ISPS Handa Global Cup (Japan Golf Tour Organization) launched in June 2015, was broadcast overseas as a golf program with a commentator in English for the first time in the golf history of Japan.  Besides the TV broadcast, the program was also distributed online through Ustream. The winner received as a prize a Japanese green Haori, instead of the green jacket.

Current ISPS Handa events

Past ISPS Handa events

Summit
ISPS co-sanctioned the World Sports Values Summit for Peace in Tokyo, which was held on 18–19 July 2013. Top athletes and researchers came together from 16 countries around the world to discuss the topic “Sports can contribute to harmonize the development of humanity and to establish and encourage a peaceful society”.

At the World Sports Values Summit for Peace and Development, held on 23–24 May 2014 at the United Nations Headquarters, New York City, a partnership between ISPS and the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) was announced.

Japan bowling

In Japan ISPS supports bowling, hosting national tournaments throughout the year. In Japan roughly 20% of the population bowls, compared with the 13.8% who play golf. However, the number of bowling alleys has decreased from 3,000 to 1,000. Through the support of the ISPS, a number of bowling events have been held and the professionalism of the sport has been advanced.

Organization
Founder and Chairman
 Haruhisa Handa
Honorary Chairman
 George Carey
Director
 Shinichiro Kurimoto
Affiliation pro
Golfers

Hideto Tanihara
Yoshinori Fujimoto
Akihito Yokoyama
Miki Sakai
Satoshi Nakayama
Akira Kobayashi

Ambassadors

 Laura Davies
 Lydia Ko
 Kathy Whitworth
 Jan Stephenson
 Yoshinori Fujimoto
 Miki Sakai

See also
 International Blind Golf Association
 Japanese Blind Golf Association

References

External links
 ISPS Golf

Organizations based in Tokyo
Golf in Japan
Ten-pin bowling in Japan
Parasports organizations
2006 establishments in Japan
Sports organizations established in 2006
Sports organizations of Japan


title: Reincarnate (album)

text:
Reincarnate is the third studio album by American metalcore band Motionless in White. It was released on September 15, 2014, through Fearless Records in the UK and a day later worldwide. It was produced by Dan Korneff and Chris "Motionless" Cerulli. Reincarnate is the last Motionless in White album to be released on Fearless Records.

Background and recording
On January 23, 2014, the band announced a short headlining tour in March with The Plot in You, Like Moths to Flames, For the Fallen Dreams, and The Defiled with For Today appearing in San Antonio. Following the tour the band entered the studio to work on their follow-up to their 2012 album, Infamous.

On April 23, the band's third studio album, Reincarnate was announced through social media, with an intended release date of September 16, 2014 worldwide but would be released a day earlier in the UK only. The band stated that they would remain a quintet and work with touring and session drummers. On June 11, Fearless Records released a video featuring the album's artwork and contained a teaser for the first single of the album, "Reincarnate", which was to be released on July 1, but was instead released on July 8. "Puppets 3 (The Grand Finale)" was released on iTunes on Tuesday August 5.

In an interview with Rock Sound magazine, Chris Motionless expressed that recording the third album was much easier compared to Infamous as "...the timeframe worked against me, and there was an inner conflict going on, trying to move into a different style of music and making a lot of mistakes as I went." He stated that the album's sound will contain the aggressiveness Creatures had which Infamous lacked in and will also have a more consistent style. Despite the departure of drummer Brandon Richter, the band stated that they remain as a quintet and will be working with touring and session drummers.

Release and promotion
The album artwork was revealed in the teaser video released on June 11. It was created by Chad Michael Ward and features model Harper Leigh. After the album's announcement in July and pre-orders were made available, it was also reported that a deluxe edition of the album would also include a bible-styled case for the physical copy.

The album was listed as one of the most anticipated releases of 2014 by Alternative Press. The first single released off the album was the song of the same name and was released on July 8 after a week delay and was issued with a lyric video. After the album's official announcement, pre-orders were made available of which included many bundles including; bracelets, denim vests, necklaces and signed posters. After the song's release, the track list also became available, revealing thirteen tracks (fourteen including the bonus track) and included featured artists such as; Dani Filth of Cradle of Filth, Maria Brink of In This Moment and Tim Sköld formerly of Marilyn Manson and KMFDM.

The song "Puppets 3 (The Grand Finale)", featuring Dani Filth of the extreme metal band Cradle of Filth, was released on August 5 to promote the album and was also distributed with a lyric video. To promote their album, they streamed the non-deluxe album in full on September 11 after announcing a scavenger hunt to find eleven miniature wooden coffins which all contained a track from the album, nine stationed in American cities, one in Canada and the other in London, England. Once all had been found the album was put up online for streaming.

The music video for the first single "Reincarnate" was uploaded to YouTube by the band's record label on the same date as the album's international release, September 16, 2014. The music video was filmed in the same location that the album cover was shot at, later revealed as the Alexandria Hotel in Downtown Los Angeles and is a means of "...bringing the artwork to life...".

The song "Unstoppable", was used as the official theme song for WWE NXT TakeOver: Unstoppable. On February 19, 2015, the music video for the single "Break the Cycle" was released.

Critical reception

The album received positive reviews from music critics. Reincarnate received an average score of 74 out of 100 based on 5 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews" on Metacritic. AllMusic gave the album a positive review and saying, "With the album running close to an hour, the guest spots help to add a little something different here and there, mixing things up before they have a chance to go stale. With so much going on, however, it's hard to see how any Motionless in White fans could be bored with the offerings laid before them on Reincarnate. With so much confidence and gothic swagger, it's hard not to be entertained by this album, and listeners who may have been thrown by their inconsistent early work would do well to dive back into the abyss with this third effort."

Jason Pettigrew of Alternative Press stated that this is the best direction that the band is going and is glad they have decided to progress their sound instead of listening to their fans and maintaining their old sound, saying of the album: "Sonically diverse and diamond-hard, Reincarnate takes seemingly disparate elements to create a soundtrack for metalheads, gothic beauties and industrial rivetheads to immerse themselves." Andy Biddulph of Rock Sound stated that the band appear to be firming up the sound from their previous album Infamous, but with various degrees of success. He complained that they are taking too much influence from Marilyn Manson and Cradle of Filth, therefore lacking in their own identity. However, Biddulph went on to say that it was a good effort and hopes that their next album will be an improvement.

Commercial performance
The album sold 31,000 copies in its first week of release and debuted at #9 Billboard top 200, #1 Rock album charts, and became the #1 Metal Album on iTunes.

Track listing

Personnel

Motionless in White
 Chris "Motionless" Cerulli – lead vocals, production, lyrics
 Josh Balz – keyboards, backing vocals
 Ryan Sitkowski – lead guitar
 Ricky "Horror" Olson – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, vocals on "Final Dictvm", additional lyrics
 Devin "Ghost" Sola – bass, backing vocals, vocals on "Final Dictvm"

Additional musicians
 Tom Hane of In This Moment – drums
 Dani Filth of Cradle of Filth – guest vocals on "Puppets 3 (The Grand Finale)"
 Maria Brink of In This Moment – guest vocals on "Contemptress"
 Dessa Poljak of Silencio – additional vocals on "Wasp"
 Tim Sköld – additional vocals on "Death March" and "Final Dictvm", acoustic guitar on "Sinematic (Acoustic Version)", co-production on "Death March", "Wasp" and "Final Dictvm", additional lyrics
 Drew Fulk – additional vocals on "Everybody Sells Cocaine" and "Generation Lost", additional lyrics
 Kate Steinberg – additional vocals on "Dead as Fuck"

Additional personnel
 Dan Korneff – production, mixing
 Ted Jensen – mastering
 Alex Prieto – engineering
 Matthew Kirby – assisting engineering
 Jim Romano – digital editing
 Erik Ron – additional production and programming on "Contemptress"
 Chris Foitle and Sal Torres – A&R
 Kim Schon – business management
 Jenny Reader – product management
 Matt Andersen – U.S. booking for The Agency Group
 Tom Taaffe – international booking for The Agency Group
 Chad Michael Ward – album photography
 Mike Farrell – layout, design
 Harper Leigh – cover model

Charts

References

Fearless Records albums
Motionless in White albums
2014 albums


The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song is a category at the annual Grammy Awards. It was first awarded in 2015. It combined two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field, Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance. The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers (solo/duos/groups/collaborations/etc.) and is open for singles or tracks only. Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song. Grammy's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer(s) only.

Along with the Best Gospel Performance/Song category, these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category.

These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences "in the interest of clarifying the criteria, representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities, and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today's gospel music industry."

According to the Grammy committee, the move recognizes "the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining  songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories."

Gospel performances, which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category, are included in the Best Gospel Performance/Song category.

Recipients

 The official nominations list did not list the songwriters. This information is taken from the credits notice on Spotify.

See also
Grammy Award for Best Gospel Song
Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Song
Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance/Song
Grammy Award for Song of the Year

References

General
  Note: User must select the "Gospel" category as the genre under the search feature.

Specific

External links
 Official site

2015 establishments in the United States
Awards established in 2015
Contemporary Christian
Songwriting awards