title: Thulani Ngidi

text:
Thulani Siphamandla Ngidi (born 11 January 1986 in Durban, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player, who most recently played with the . His regular position is tighthead prop. Retired from the sport 2016

Career

Youth and amateur rugby
After representing amateur side Jaguars at the National Club Championships in 2006, he played for the  side in the 2007 Under-21 Provincial Championship.

Falcons
His first experience of first class rugby was in 2010. He moved to the East Rand to join the  and was included in their squad for the 2010 Currie Cup First Division competition. He made his debut by starting their first match of the season against the  in Welkom. He started their first seven matches of the season and played off the bench in three more matches as the  finished in last position in the competition.

He made a further eight appearances for the side during the 2011 Vodacom Cup competition (seven of those as a substitute) and just three appearances in the 2011 Currie Cup First Division.

College Rovers
Ngidi then returned to KwaZulu-Natal where he was a member of the College Rovers side that finished runners-up at the inaugural edition of the amateur club competition, the SARU Community Cup in 2013. He made one start during the pool stages of the competition and came on as a substitute in their semi-final match against Brakpan, but was not used in the final as College Rovers suffered a 26–24 defeat to Despatch.

Return to Falcons
He returned to provincial rugby in 2014 to play for Falcons again. He made six starts in the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition, started their first four matches in the 2014 Currie Cup qualification tournament and appeared as a replacement in all seven of their matches in the 2014 Currie Cup First Division, including the 31–24 semi-final victory over the  and their 21–23 defeat to the  in the final.

He remained with the Falcons for the 2015 season, making a total of seventeen first class appearances in the Vodacom Cup, Currie Cup qualification and Currie Cup First Division competitions.

References

1986 births
Living people
Falcons (rugby union) players
Rugby union players from Durban
Rugby union props
South African rugby union players


title: Andreas Christofides

text:
Andreas Drakos Christofides (; born 14 October 1992) is a Cypriot professional footballer who played as a centre back for Nea Salamina in the Cypriot First Division.

Career

APOEL
Christofides is a product of APOEL Academies. He was promoted to the first team in the 2011–12 season, but he didn't made any official appearance until the end of the 2012–13 season.

In July 2013, he joined Alki Larnaca on a season-long loan deal from APOEL, in order to gain valuable first team experience. During his loan spell, Christofides was a regular starter for Alki, appearing in 20 league matches.

On 4 June 2014, he returned to APOEL and signed a one-year contract extension with the club. He made his official APOEL debut on 28 January 2015, playing the full 90 minutes in his team's 3–0 home win against Olympiakos Nicosia for the Cypriot Cup. During 2014–15 season, Christofides appeared only in three matches in all competitions, but he managed to win his first career titles, as APOEL won both the Cypriot championship and the cup.

On 28 May 2015, four days after winning the double with APOEL, the team announced that Christofides was leaving the club as his contract would not be renewed.

Olympiakos Nicosia

In June 2015 he signed for fellow Nicosia club Olympiakos Nicosia.

AE Sias

After an extended career break, in July 2022 Christofides joined the Champions and Cup Winners of Poel's B Division, AE Sias.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
APOEL
Cypriot First Division (1): 2014–15
Cypriot Cup (1): 2014–15

References

External links
 APOEL official profile

 UEFA Profile

1992 births
Living people
Greek Cypriot people
Footballers from Nicosia
Cypriot men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Cypriot First Division players
APOEL FC players
Olympiakos Nicosia players


title: Geeks (musical duo)

text:
Geeks () is a South Korean hip hop duo composed of rappers Lil Boi and Louie. They are signed under Grandline Entertainment and Rainbow Bridge World. They are both credited lyricists, composers, and producers, as well as notable Korean rappers in their own right. They hit mainstream crossover success in a collaboration with Sistar's Soyou in the track "Officially Missing You Too," a major K-pop hit of 2012.

Broadcasting
Lil boi starred in Show me the money 4 and was attracted by many producers including Jay Park, president of "AOMG". He entered the AOMG in team selection and sang "respect" with Geegooin and sik-k and called "on it + Bo $$" with Jay Park, Loco and got very popular. On the other hand, he called "on it + bo $$" and dropped to MINO with a difference of 5 votes.

Career

Breakout Debut Success in 2011
Geeks debuted with their mini-album "Officially Missing You" on March 9. The title song "Officially Missing You" is a remake of an R&B hit by Canadian singer Tamia. Geeks placed first on Cyworld's daily music chart with that song. Geeks participated in the 3rd Grand Line Show, a hiphop concert, and in the TV show "GEEKS TV." They were also the "Rookie of the Month" for May for the Cyworld Digital Music Awards.

Collaborative Success in 2012
Geeks released their second mini-album "Hang Over" with a title song of the same name and an accompanying music video on April 13. They held a collaborative concert with Crucial Star on May 26. Geeks also performed at 'Green Groove Festival 2012." Geeks were featured in Jung Hye Min's title song "Don't Call Me Nuna", released October 18.

Sistar's Soyou released a successful collaboration track named "Officially Missing You Too" on November 1, 2012. The song ranked number one on several Korean music sites. The track and its accompanying collaboration album and music video were both part of a project called "Re:code" supervised and produced by Loen Entertainment to take quality tracks from underground Korean hiphop artists and arrange them to be more mainstream. Geeks thus scored their first top ten hit with "Officially Missing You Too."

In December Geeks signed a contract with Kim Do Hoon(김도) of Rainbow Bridge World (formerly WA Entertainment).

First Full Length Album in 2013
Geeks promoted the song "How Are You?" on Korean music shows in April.
The track hit seventh place on the weekly K-pop music charts. Geeks released their first full album "Geeks Vol. 1-Backpack: Lights On" that same week. On April 28, Geeks released Backpack's title song "Wash Away"'s music video featuring Ailee. A music video of the hiphop track "Siren" featuring Swings was released to coincide with the album release as well. Geeks also performed at labelmates Phantom's first solo concert on May 17.

Geeks released a single named "Fly" and its music video on July 10. The music video chronicles Geeks' impromptu June "guerrilla" concerts. Geeks again hit seventh place on the Gaon Weekly Chart for the fourth week of July. Geeks held their first solo concert, "Lights On" on August 17. The concert featured Ailee and singer IU.

Geeks were featured in Navi(나비)'s title track "I Ain't Going Home Tonight," released September 5. The duo were also featured in singer A.T.'s track "Don't Be" and its music video. Geeks performed at MU:CON Seoul 2013, a global music industry convention. Geeks and Phantom travelled to Indonesia as Korea's representatives for "Vaganza on November" and performed there on November 24.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Collaborations

Nominations and awards

References

South Korean hip hop groups
Rappers from Seoul
South Korean musical duos
Hip hop duos


title: Antarctic sea ice

text:
Antarctic sea ice is the sea ice of the Southern Ocean. It extends from the far north in the winter and retreats to almost the coastline every summer. Sea ice is frozen seawater that is usually less than a few meters thick. This is the opposite of ice shelves, which are formed by glaciers; they float in the sea, and are up to a kilometre thick. There are two subdivisions of sea ice: fast ice, which are attached to land; and ice floes, which are not.

Sea ice that comes from the Southern Ocean melts from the bottom instead of the surface like Arctic ice because it is covered in snow on top. As a result, melt ponds are rarely observed. On average, Antarctic sea ice is younger, thinner, warmer, saltier, and more mobile than Arctic sea ice. Another difference between the two ice packs, is that while there is clear Arctic sea ice decline, the trend in Antarctica is roughly flat. Antarctic sea ice is not studied very well in comparison to Arctic ice since it is less accessible.

Measurements of sea ice

Extent
The Antarctic sea ice cover is highly seasonal, with very little ice in the austral summer, expanding to an area roughly equal to that of Antarctica in winter. It peaks (~18 × 10^6 km2) during September, which marks the end of austral winter, and retreats to a minimum (~3 × 10^6 km2) in February. Consequently, most Antarctic sea ice is first year ice, a few meters thick, but the exact thickness is not known. The area of 18 million km^2 of ice is 18 trillion square meters, so for each meter of thickness, given that the density of ice is about 0.88 teratonnes/million km^3, the mass of the top meter of Antarctic sea ice is roughly 16 teratonnes (trillion metric tons) in late winter. Record low summer sea ice was measured in February 2022 at 741,000 square miles (1.9 million square kilometers) by the National Snow and Ice Data Center.

Since the ocean off the Antarctic coast usually is much warmer than the air above it, the extent of the sea ice is largely controlled by the winds and currents that push it northwards. If it is pushed quickly, the ice can travel much further north before it melts. Most ice is formed along the coast, as the northward-moving ice leaves areas of open water (coastal latent-heat polynyas ), which rapidly freeze.

Thickness

Because Antarctic ice is mainly first-year ice, which is not as thick as multiyear ice, it is generally less than a few meters thick. Snowfall and flooding of the ice can thicken it substantially, and the layer structure of Antarctic ice is often quite complex.

Recent trends and climate change

Sea ice extent in Antarctica varies a lot year by year. This makes it difficult determine a trend, and record highs and record lows have been observed between 2013 and 2023. The general trend since 1979, the start of the satellite measurements, has been roughly flat. Between 2015 and 2023, there has been a decline in sea ice, but due to the high variability, this does not correspond to a significant trend. The flat trend is in contrast with Arctic sea ice, which has seen a declining trend.

The IPCC AR5 report concluded that "it is very likely" that annual mean Antarctic sea ice extent increased 1.2 to 1.8% per decade, which is 0.13 to 0.20 million km2 per decade, during the period 1979 to 2012. IPCC AR5 also concluded that the lack of data precludes determining the trend in total volume or mass of the sea ice. The increase in sea ice area probably has a number of causes. These are tied to changes in the southern hemispheric westerly winds, which are a combination of natural variability and forced change from greenhouse gases and the ozone hole. The winds drive sea ice drift, and modelling research suggests that the observed sea ice expansion was driven by changes in the sea ice drift velocity.
Another possible driver is ice-shelves melting, which increases freshwater input to the ocean; this increases the weakly stratified ocean surface layer and so reduces the ability of warm subsurface water to reach the surface. A 2015 study found this effect in climate models run to simulate future climate change, resulting in an increase of sea ice in the winter months.

Recent changes in wind patterns, which are connected to regional changes in the number of extratropical cyclones and anticyclones, around Antarctica have advected the sea ice farther north in some areas and not as far north in others.

Atmospheric and oceanic drivers likely have contributed to the formation of regionally varying trends in Antarctic sea-ice extent. For example, temperatures in the atmosphere and Southern Ocean have increased during the period 1979–2004. However, sea ice grows faster than it melts, because of a weakly stratified ocean. Thus, this oceanic mechanism is, among others, contributing to an increase in the net ice production, potentially resulting in more sea ice.
Although thickness observations are limited, modelling suggests that observed ice-drift toward the coastal regions makes an additional contribution for dynamical sea-ice thickening during autumn and winter.

Observed autumn and spring trends in the number of extratropical cyclones, anticyclones and blocks, which have a strong thermodynamic control through temperature advection, and a strong dynamic control through ice-drift, on sea-ice extent during the same and also during following seasons are almost everywhere around Antarctica in agreement with the observed, regionally varying, trends in sea-ice extent. Consequently, the near-surface winds steered around weather systems are thought to explain large parts of the inhomogeneous Antarctica sea-ice trends.

The 2021 IPCC AR6 report confirms the observed increasing trend in the mean Antarctic sea ice area over the period from 1979 to 2014 but assesses that there was a decline after 2014, with the least extent reached in 2017, and a following growth. The report then concludes that there is “high confidence” that there is no significant trend in the satellite observed Antarctic sea ice area from 1979 to 2020 in both winter and summer.

In early January 2023, the National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that Antarctic sea ice extent stood at the lowest in the 45-year satellite record—more than 500,000 square kilometers (193,000 square miles) below the previous record (2018), with four of the five lowest years for the last half of December having occurred since 2016.

Implications

Monitoring changes in sea ice is important as this impacts the psychrophiles that live here.

Changes in Antarctic sea ice are also important because of implications for atmospheric and oceanic circulation. When sea ice forms, it rejects salt (ocean water is saline but sea ice is largely fresh) so dense salty water is formed which sinks and plays a key role in formation of Antarctic Bottom Water.

Effects on Navigation

The force of moving ice is considerable; it can crush ships that are caught in the ice pack, and severely limits the areas where ships can reach the land, even in summer. Icebreakers, iceports and ice piers are used to land supplies.

See also
Arctic sea ice decline
Antarctic ice sheet

References

Forms of water
Hydrology
Sea ice
Sea ice
Oceans surrounding Antarctica
Articles containing video clips
Climate change and the environment


title: Royden Ingham

text:
Royden Ingham (April 29, 1911 – May 7, 1999) was an American cyclist. He competed in the tandem event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1911 births
1999 deaths
American male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the United States
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Los Angeles


title: Oleh Sentsov

text:
Oleh Hennadiiovych Sentsov (, ; born 13 July 1976) is a Ukrainian filmmaker, writer and activist from Crimea. Sentsov has directed the feature films Gamer (2011),  (2019, co-directed with Akhtem Seitablayev), and Rhino (2021).

Following the Russian annexation of Crimea, he was arrested in Crimea in May 2014 and sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment by a Russian court in August 2015 on charges of plotting terrorism. The conviction was described as fabricated by Amnesty International and others. He was awarded the European Parliament’s Sakharov Prize in 2018. On 7 September 2019, he was released in a prisoner swap between Russia and Ukraine.

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sentsov joined the Ukrainian Armed Forces and is, as of July 2023, taking part in the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.

Biography

Early life and film career
Sentsov was born on 13 July 1976 in Simferopol, Crimean Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He is an ethnic Russian. From 1993 to 1998, he was an economics student in Kyiv. His first two short movies were A Perfect Day for Bananafish (2008) and The Horn of a Bull (2009). Gamer, his first feature, debuted at the Rotterdam International Film Festival in 2012. Its success in this and other festivals helped him secure funding for Rhino. It was scheduled to begin shooting in the summer of 2014, but production was postponed due to his participation in the AutoMaidan and Euromaidan protest movements.

During the 2014 Crimean crisis, he helped deliver food and supplies to Ukrainian military servicemen trapped in their Crimean bases. Sentsov has stated that he does not recognize the Russian annexation of Crimea.

Trial and imprisonment

Arrest and detention
Sentsov was arrested on 11 May 2014 in Crimea on suspicion of "plotting terrorist acts". With Gennady Afanasyev, Alexei Chirniy, and Alexander Kolchenko, he became one of four Ukrainian citizens held by Russia's Federal Security Service, who accused them of seeking to carry out terrorist attacks on bridges, power lines, and public monuments in the Crimean cities of Simferopol, Yalta, and Sevastopol. These charges were punishable with up to 20 years in prison.

After holding Sentsov without charges for three weeks, the Federal Security Service accused the four Ukrainians of being "part of a terrorist community, to carry out explosions with home-made devices on May 9, 2014 near the Eternal Flame memorial and Lenin monument in Simferopol and to set fire to the offices of the Russian Community of Crimea public organization and the United Russia party branch in Simferopol on April 14 and April 18, 2014". The four were also accused of membership in Ukraine's nationalist paramilitary group, Right Sector, a claim that both Sentsov and Right Sector denied. Russian prosecutors stated that Sentsov confessed to the terrorist plots. Sentsov denied this and stated that he had been beaten and threatened with rape to force his confession. According to Sentsov's lawyers, investigators refused to open a case on his allegations of torture, suggesting that his bruises were self-inflicted and that he was keen on sado-masochism.

Starting on 19 May 2014, Sentsov was detained in Moscow's Lefortovo prison. On 7 July 2014, Sentsov's arrest was extended to 11 October. In October 2014, his arrest was again extended to 11 January 2015.

Ukrainian authorities were banned by their Russian counterparts from contacting or helping Sentsov. According to Sentsov, he was deprived of his Ukrainian citizenship.

Trial

Sentsov went on trial for terrorism in Russia on 21 July 2015 among international outcry.

The main witness for the prosecution, Afanasyev, retracted his testimony in court on 31 July, saying it was given under duress. According to the Afanasyev's lawyer, Afanasyev was tortured, including with electric current. The other main witness, Oleksiy Chirnyi, refused to testify in court.

A Russian court in Rostov-on-Don sentenced Sentsov to 20 years in prison on 25 August.

Detention
Sentsov initially served his sentence in the Russian federal subject Sakha Republic. In October 2016, Russia refused to extradite Sentsov to Ukraine, claiming that he was a Russian citizen. In September 2017, he was transferred to Russia's northernmost prison, the Labytnangi Penal Colony in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. He declined visits by his family after observing that once the visitors leave other prisoners "fall into terrible deep depression". On 14 May 2018, he went on an open-ended hunger strike protesting the incarceration of all Ukrainian political prisoners in Russia and demanding their release. After 145 days of the hunger strike, he ended it due to health concerns and the threat of force feeding.

Reactions

Ukraine
According to the Ombudsperson of Ukraine Valeriya Lutkovska, the decision of the Rostov court toward Ukrainians Sentsov and Oleksandr Kolchenko constituted discrimination based on national origin.

Ukraine's Foreign Ministry, in a statement on its website, called the trial "a judicial farce".

Russia

On 26 June 2014, Russia's Presidential Council for Human Rights appealed to Deputy Prosecutor General Viktor Grin to review the circumstances surrounding the arrests of Sentsov and fellow activist Oleksandr Kolchenko. A reply, posted on the council's website, stated prosecutors found "no grounds" for altering the detention of either suspect.

More than 60 members of the Russian PEN center and several major Russian filmmakers expressed their support, including Nikita Mikhalkov, Andrey Zvyagintsev, and Alexander Sokurov.

The Memorial Human Rights Center declared that Sentsov and Kolchenko were political prisoners in Russia.

International
The European Union and the United States condemned Sentsov's detention and called for his release.

The European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini stated that "the EU considers the case to be in breach of international law and elementary standards of justice".

Western governments, Amnesty International, and European Film Academy deputy chairman Mike Downey described the proceedings as a show trial. The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe recognized Sentsov as a political prisoner.

The United States called the sentencing a "miscarriage of justice", stating that "Mr. Sentsov and Mr. Kolchenko were targeted by authorities because of their opposition to Russia’s attempted annexation of Crimea". Saying that Sentsov and Kolchenko were "taken hostage on Ukrainian territory", it called upon the Russian Federation to "implement the commitments it made in signing the Minsk agreements by immediately releasing Sentsov, Kolchenko, Savchenko, and all other remaining hostages".

The German government's special envoy for human rights and humanitarian affairs said in a statement that he was "shaken" by the severity of the sentences and urged Russia to comply with Council of Europe norms for the humane treatment of prisoners.

European film directors Agnieszka Holland, Ken Loach, Mike Leigh, and Pedro Almodóvar co-signed a 10 June 2014 letter by the European Film Academy to Russian authorities, demanding that the charges against Sentsov be dropped and the allegations of torture investigated. Iranian film director Mohsen Makhmalbaf dedicated his acceptance of the 2015 Robert Bresson Prize at the Venice Film Festival to Sentsov, calling the conviction a "major injustice" and the sentence "a move to intimidate all Russian society, especially the intellectuals and artists".

The European Parliament supported a resolution calling for the immediate release of Sentsov and other Ukrainian political prisoners. Before the vote, all major political groups in the European Parliament, when discussing the human rights situation in Russia, called for the release of Sentsov and 158 other political prisoners held in the country. The participants in the debate stressed the need to continue sanctions pressure on the Kremlin, and European leaders and diplomats were urged not to attend the World Cup, which opened 14 June in Russia.

The Sejm of Poland adopted a resolution on 15 June 2018 demanding the release of Ukrainians imprisoned in Russia for political reasons. In the resolution deputies demanded, in particular, the release of Sentsov, Kolchenko, and Sushchenko.

Sentsov was granted the title of honorary citizen of Paris on 24 September 2018. Sentsov was awarded the European Parliament’s Sakharov Prize on 25 October 2018, in a move described by The Guardian as an EU rebuke to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

In November 2018, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution which called for the urgent release of Ukrainian citizens Sentsov, Volodymyr Balukh, and Emir-Usein Kuku.

Release

In August 2019, Sentsov was moved from an Arctic prison to a jail in Moscow amid talks of prisoner swaps. On 7 September 2019, in a prisoner swap with Ukraine, Russia released Sentsov. On that same day he returned to Kyiv, where he and other returning prisoners were welcomed by Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky and where Sentsov reunited with his family.

The swap and release of prisoners was welcomed by American, French, and German leaders and leaders of international organizations such as NATO, OSCE, and the European Parliament.

Life and career after release
Sentsov's film Nomera (The Numbers) was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival in 2020. The film was produced while Sentsov was still in prison. During this time he corresponded with his co-director Seitablayev.

Fighting in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sentsov joined the Territorial Defense Forces of Kyiv, which is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He called on the international film community to boycott Russian cinema. Sentsov took part in the Battle of Kyiv, using an NLAW to destroy Russian tanks. Sentsov claims he takes part in the war to "return the Ukrainian flag to Crimea."

After the Kyiv offensive ended Sentsov took part in battles at Bakhmut, Balakliia and Kupiansk. As of July 2023, he is an infantry second lieutenant (given this rank in June 2023) in 47th Separate Mechanized Brigade, fighting on the Zaporizhzhia front during the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive, where he was lightly wounded during offensive operations.

Works

Films

Books
 Non-fiction prose
 Купите книгу — она смешная ("Buy the book, it is funny", 2014)
 Рассказы ("Tales". Kyiv: Laurus, 2015)
 Life Went on Anyway (2019)

 Fiction plays
 Номера (Numbers) — playwright.

Family
During his imprisonment in Russia, Sentsov's two oldest children were raised by his older sister (and his only sibling). Sentsov divorced his previous wife Alla in 2016. She had filed for divorce when he was captured by Russia in 2014.

In December 2020 Sentsov's second daughter was born, whose mother is journalist Yulia Babich. Sentsov and Babich had already ended their relation when Babich was pregnant and, as of July 2023, she is raising the child without Sentsov's involvement.

On 5 July 2022 Sentsov married Veronika Velch, the senior director at Ridgely Walsh and an activist of . Velch gave birth to Sentsov's fourth child (and Velch second child) and his second son in December 2022.

Awards
 Order for Courage, first class (24 September 2015) – for personal courage and dedication shown in defending the constitutional rights and freedoms of man, the integrity of the Ukrainian state
 Order for Courage, third class (23 August 2014).
 Taras Shevchenko National Prize of Ukraine 2016 for Gamer and Rhino (presented in person in 2019)
 The Sakharov Award for Courage
 European Memory and Conscience Platform Award (14 November 2018)
 Serhiy Magnitsky International Prize for Investigative Journalism and Human Rights in the World (16 November 2018; presented in person on 14 November 2019)
 Pro Dignitate Humana Award (23 October 2018)
 Neptune Award of the Solidarity of Arts Festival in Gdańsk (23 August 2019)
 Stanisław Vincenz City Award in Kraków (2020)
 Legion of Honour, the highest French order of merit (presented in person on 14 July 2023 at Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv)

See also
 Iryna Dovhan
 Eston Kohver
 Nadiya Savchenko

Notes

References

External links

 Russia is holding over 70 Ukrainian Political Prisoners of War
 List of Individuals Recognized as Political Prisoners by the Human Rights Centre Memorial and Persecuted in connection with the Realization of their Right to Freedom of Religion as of 29 October 2017
 , a documentary by Hromadske.TV

Living people
1976 births
People from Simferopol
Kyiv National Economic University alumni
Ukrainian film directors
People of the Euromaidan
Pro-Ukrainian people of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
People of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
Ukrainian exiles of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
2014 controversies
Prisoners and detainees of Russia
Ukrainian people imprisoned abroad
Ukrainian people taken hostage
People convicted on terrorism charges
Ukrainian victims of human rights abuses
Ukrainian torture victims
Hunger strikers
Sakharov Prize laureates
Political prisoners according to Memorial
Ukrainian people of Russian descent
Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine personnel
Ukrainian military personnel of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Officers of the Legion of Honour


title: University of Chicago Student Government

text:
The University of Chicago Undergraduate Student Government is the representative student government at The University of Chicago for undergraduate students. It is made up of all undergraduate students, and allocates over $2 million per year to Registered Student Organizations, student initiatives, sports clubs, and other various student-run organizations. Student Government also sponsors initiatives that address pressing issues on campus, from sexual assault policy to accessibility for students with disabilities. Student Government seeks to play a role in all aspects of University life, from housing and diversity to funding and dining.

Executive pay controversy
In spring 2018, the student government voted to pass the Executive Leadership Remuneration Act (ELRA), which would pay the student body president and vice presidents a total of $9000 per year, to be paid by Student Life Fees collected from the undergraduate body. The move was widely unpopular among the student population and was seen as self-serving, leading to a grassroots effort to trigger a school-wide referendum on repealing the ELRA bill. Ultimately, the referendum succeeded and the ELRA was repealed by a large margin (the vote count was 1,138 to 531).

References

University of Chicago
Student governments in the United States


title: Gene Hodges

text:
Eugene Randolph Hodges, styled as Gene Hodges, (November 23, 1936 – July 6, 2014) was an American politician in the state of Florida, serving in the state House of Representatives from 1972 to 1988.

Biography
Born in Cedar Key, Florida, Hodges served in the United States Air Force 1955 to 1958. He served in the Florida House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 14th district from November 7, 1972, and the 11th district from November 7, 1982, to November 8, 1988.

Hodges also served on the Cedar Key City Council.

Family
His father W. Randolph Hodges served in the Florida State Senate and his niece Dana Young also served in the Florida House of Representatives.

Death
He died in 2014 of a heart attack in Cedar Key, Florida.

Notes

1936 births
2014 deaths
People from Levy County, Florida
Military personnel from Florida
Florida city council members
Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives


title: Kaylin Whitney

text:
Kaylin Whitney (born March 9, 1998) is an American track and field athlete, specializing in sprinting events. Over a two-day period, at the USATF Junior Championships in Eugene, Oregon, July 5 and 6, 2014, she set the world youth bests for 100 meters and 200 meters. Her 100-meter time, set on July 5 was 11.10 with an aiding wind of +0.9 mps. Her 200-meter time was 22.49 was set on July 6 with an aiding wind of +1.3. Youth bests can be set by athletes who will not reach their 18th birthday within the calendar year of competition. Her "bests" will also count as bests on the continental and national level.

Professional
Whitney placed 16th in the 100 meters at 2016 United States Olympic Trials (track and field) in 11.15 and 11th in the 200 meters at 2016 United States Olympic Trials (track and field) in 23.03.

Whitney placed fourth in 200 meters at 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 22.47 behind winner Jenna Prandini 22.20, runner-up Candyce McGrone 22.38 and Jeneba Tarmoh 22.44. Whitney placed 17th in 100 meters at 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in 11.18. In March 2015, Kaylin Whitney signed with Nike.

Whitney ran a new career best of 50.29 seconds in the 400m at the 2021 Olympic Trials, good enough for fifth place and a spot representing the United States on the  relay team for the 2021 Tokyo Olympics.

High school
Her 100 meters time also sets the national high school record as recognized by Track and Field News, though it will not be recognized by the NFHS as the USATF Junior Championships are not a high school competition. When published (the approval process by the magazine), the 200 meter record will be notated as a "low altitude" record by T&FN. Allyson Felix did run a faster 200 meters 22.11 at altitude in Mexico City before graduating from Los Angeles Baptist High School in 2003. Olympic gold medalist Felix is just one of the who's who of Olympians Whitney surpassed with the various records. Also on the list, the World Youth best in the 100 was held by Chandra Cheeseborough, the 200 best was held by Marion Jones, and the high school 100m record was held by Angela Williams.

At the time of her performance, her 200-meter time ranked her as the #8 time of the year against all women of any age, her 100m ranked #17.

While still a sophomore at East Ridge High School in Clermont, Florida, she was the 2014 Florida state champion in both events. As a youth athlete, Whitney was a star before reaching high school. In 2012, she set the American age 14 records in both the 100m and 200m in similar fashion, a day apart, destroying the youth records of future Olympic gold medalist, Sanya Richards. She trains with an elite group of athletes which includes Olympic gold medalist Justin Gatlin called Star Athletics coached by Olympic gold medalist Dennis Mitchell. She was Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 2014.

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
Track and field athletes from Florida
People from Clermont, Florida
Sportspeople from Lake County, Florida
American female sprinters
African-American female track and field athletes
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women


title: Frank Testa

text:
Frank Testa (October 7, 1903 – November 12, 2000) was an American cyclist. He competed in the tandem event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1903 births
2000 deaths
American male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for the United States
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from New York City


title: Grégory Gomis

text:
Grégory Ditanth  Gomis (born 4 November 1990) is a French footballer playing as a goalkeeper.

Club career
After playing for Vannes in the third division of French football, he signed for Qatari club Al-Salliya in 2012. In 2014, he won the Emir of Qatar Cup with the club. He soon extended his contract with the outfit. Gomis won 2014 Best goalkeeper of Qatar Stars league.

International career
Gomis was pre-called up by Guinea-Bissau for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

References

External links
 http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/sports/football/360958/qsl-heroic-gomis-gives-al-sailiya-full-points
 http://www.qna.org.qa/en-us/News/15120419130028/Qatar-Stars-League-Al-Sailiya-Beat-Al-Sadd-2-1*

1990 births
Living people
French men's footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Citizens of Guinea-Bissau through descent
Bissau-Guinean men's footballers
Guinea-Bissau men's international footballers
Bissau-Guinean expatriate men's footballers
French sportspeople of Bissau-Guinean descent
Footballers from Bissau
Sportspeople from Versailles, Yvelines
Men's association football goalkeepers
Championnat National players
Vannes OC players
Qatar Stars League players
Al-Sailiya SC players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar
Footballers from Yvelines


title: Miriam Díaz Aroca

text:
Margarita Miriam Díaz Aroca (born 4 March 1962, in Madrid) is a Spanish actress and television presenter.

Biography
Miriam Díaz Aroca was born on 4 March 1962 in Madrid but grew up in Santander (Cantabria). She studied Journalism in Complutense University of Madrid. She began working on Radio Minuto Fórmula of Cadena SER as a radio hostess and control technician.

Her first appearance on-screen was in the Spanish TV music program Aplauso in 1979 as a contestant on the section La juventud baila, being placed in third position (25.000 pesetas) . Professionally, she debuts accompanying Javier Basilio in the Televisión Española contest El bote de Don Basilio, which was broadcast on the program of Jesús Hermida Por la mañana (1987–88). She then went on to present a children's television show entitled Cajón desastre (1988-1991). She co-presented the television game show Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez with Jordi Estadella (1991-1993).

In 1990 she participated as a singer in an album with 11 songs called Chicos of the brand CBS, which has as a hit Merlin the Spanish version of Shattered Dreams by the English group Johnny Hates Jazz

In movies, Pedro Almodóvar selected her to play a small role as a radio hostess for the deaf in the film High Heels (1991). Her consecration as an actress would come with Clara's character in the Academy Award winning picture Belle Époque (1992), by Fernando Trueba.

Miriam has two children, a male (Pedro Luis Llorente Jr., 1994) and a female (María Washington, 2004).

She also participated as an actress in the TV comedy La casa de los líos (1996-1999) of Antena 3, with Arturo Fernandez, in the sitcom ¡Ala... Dina! (2001-2002) of TVE, and between 2004 and 2006 played the role of Claudia Valladares in Mis adorables vecinos of Antena 3. Also in 2006 she participated in the TV contest ¡Mira quién baila!. In 2009, José Luis Moreno gave her the main role in the comedy series ¡A ver si llego! with just five chapters aired given the low ratings.

She also works on theater, she took part in the Festival of Classical Theatre of Mérida in 2007 with the play Lysistrata; she starred in the 101 Dalmatians theater adaptation as Cruella de Vil; in 2009 she starred with María Barranco in the play Adulterios; and participated in 2011 with María Luisa Merlo and Jorge Roelas in the play 100 metros cuadrados of Juan Carlos Rubio.

She is the writer of the show Madame Noir of Monica Naranjo (2011).

In the fourth and final week of January 2003 she was the cover of Interviú magazine.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Others

References

Externals
Miriam Díaz-Aroca at IMDb
Official Site
Chicos

Living people
Actresses from Madrid
Spanish film actresses
Spanish stage actresses
Spanish television actresses
Spanish television presenters
20th-century Spanish actresses
21st-century Spanish actresses
1962 births
Spanish women television presenters
Complutense University of Madrid alumni


title: OTO Award for TV Male Actor

text:
OTO Award TV Male Actor

Currently held by  Michal Hudák

First awarded  | Last awarded 2000 | Present

OTO Award for TV Male Actor has been bestowed to the most recognized male actors of the past year in Slovakia since 2000. Between the years 2010 and 2011, the accolade was given in two acting categories, depending on a genre such as Drama and Comedy. Since 2012, the general category is held.

Winners and nominees

2000s

2010s

Superlatives

 Notes
┼ Denotes also a winner in two or more of the main categories. † Denotes also a winner of the Absolute OTO category. ‡ Denotes also an inductee into the Hall of Fame OTO.

Associated categories
OTO Award TV Male Actor – Drama

First awarded  | Last awarded 2010 | 2011

TV Male Actor – Drama

 2 awards
 Ján Koleník

 2 nominations
 Ján Koleník
 Janko Kroner

OTO Award TV Male Actor – Comedy

First awarded  | Last awarded 2010 | 2011

TV Male Actor – Comedy

 2 awards
 Lukáš Latinák

 2 nominations
 Lukáš Latinák
 Ľuboš Kostelný

References

External links
 OTO Awards (Official website)
 OTO Awards - Winners and nominees (From 2000 onwards)
 OTO Awards - Winners and nominees (From 2000 to 2009)

Actor, male
Culture of Slovakia
Slovak television awards
Awards established in 2000


title: Basque Culinary Center

text:
The Basque Culinary Center, based in San Sebastián, in the Basque region of Spain, is a culinary foundation created in 2009 by Mondragon University and a group of prominent Basque chefs as a training, research and innovation project, aimed at developing the culinary sector, with the idea of relating cooking with management, science and other disciplines.

The Basque Culinary Center consists of two lines of work: the Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences within Mondragon University, the first to offer official university-level training in the gastronomy sector in Spain, and a Research and Innovation Centre in the field of Food and Gastronomy. The institution's campus was inaugurated in October 2011.

Organization and structure

The Board
The Board of the Basque Culinary Center foundation is made up of the chefs who played an active role in launching the initiative and continue to be closely linked to the project (among them Juan Mari Arzak, Martin Berasategui, Pedro Subijana, Karlos Arguiñano, Andoni Luis Aduriz, Hilario Arbelaitz and Eneko Atxa); institutions in the knowledge sector, Mondragon University and the AZTI-Tecnalia technology centre; public bodies including the Basque Government, the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa and the City Council of San Sebastián; and leading companies in the food and drinks industry: Fagor, Eroski, Martiko, Heineken, Covap, Pernod Ricard-Domecq Bodegas and D.O. La Rioja.

The BCC also has a international advisory staff on business administration and management, including people as Adela Balderas.

The International Advisory Committee
The Basque Culinary Center foundation also has an International Advisory Committee, chaired by Ferran Adrià and made up of some prominent international chefs. Among them are Yukio Hattori (Japan), Massimo Bottura (Italy), Michel Bras (France), Dan Barber (United States), Gastón Acurio (Peru), Alex Atala (Brazil), Heston Blumenthal (United Kingdom) and René Redzepi (Denmark). The purpose of this body is to advise the board of the Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences and the Research and Innovation Centre on strategic matters, and to raise the international profile of the Basque Culinary Center.

This group of top chefs met in San Sebastián in July 2010, to set up the International Advisory Committee. There they held their first work day to discuss key issues for the international gastronomic sector and culinary training for the professionals of the 21st century. In September 2011 the Committee held its second meeting in Lima, Peru. This produced a body of work and reflections set down in the document "Open Letter to the Chefs of the Future". A year later, the chefs held their third meeting in Tokyo, Japan, where they assessed the progress of modern cooking, the interdisciplinary nature of the chef’s profession and the use of information technology. The committee has held further annual meetings in New York City, United States (2013), Sao Paulo, Brazil (2014), San Sebastián (2015 and 2016), and Mexico City, Mexico (2017).

Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences
The Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences of the Basque Culinary Center is a part of Mondragon University, which in itself represented a milestone: the inclusion of culinary training in a university setting. Prior to the launch of this project, there was no official university-level training in the gastronomy sector on offer in Spain, and the only precedent in Europe was the University of Gastronomic Sciences in Italy. After the establishment of the Basque Culinary Center, other universities in Spain, namely the University of Barcelona and the University of Valencia, included official degrees on gastronomy.

The faculty offers a Degree in Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, postgraduate programmes, and different programmes for professionals and gastronomy enthusiasts.

As of 2015, 50% of the faculty's students are international, 25% in the case of the university degree.

Degree in Gastronomy and Culinary Arts
The Degree in Gastronomy and Culinary Arts is an official four-year university degree, adapted to the European Higher Education Area.

The degree is based on five broad areas of knowledge, with the aim of guaranteeing an up-to-date training for professionals in the sector: Cooking, Service, Management, Science and Culture. The Basque Culinary Center’s Gastronomy and Culinary Arts degree programme aims to assure a comprehensive training for professionals in the gastronomic sector so that, in the future, they are able to work in areas like the kitchen and the dining room, but also in industry, research or business management. Right from the first year, students combine theory and practice in the kitchen, dining room and management areas.

The first promotion of 59 students graduated in July 2015.

Postgraduate programmes
In addition to the Degree in Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, the Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences at the Basque Culinary Center also offers postgraduate programmes which differentiate between kitchen specialists and those from other sectors who aim to specialise in the field of gastronomy, as well as a doctorate programme. These include:

Master's Degree in Teacher Training in Gastronomy
Master's Degree in Gastronomic Journalism and Communication
Master’s in the Management and Design of Gastronomy Tourism Experiences
Master's Degree in Sommelier Studies and Enomarketing
Master's Degree in F&B Management
Master's Degree in Restaurant Innovation and Management
Master's Degree in Advanced Cookery
Master's Degree in Restaurant Pastry and Sweet Cuisine
Master's Degree in Cooking: Technique, Product and Creativity
Master's Degree in Gastronomic Sciences
Doctorate Programme in Gastronomic Sciences

Programmes for gastronomy enthusiasts
In addition to the training programmes for professionals, the Basque Culinary Center offers a range of courses for gastronomy enthusiasts.

The centre carries on these activities through the BCulinary Club, set up as a space for gastronomy enthusiasts, featuring talks, courses, cookery classes and recipes.

Furthermore, the Basque Culinary Center organises BCulinary Udan, a summer gastronomy camp for teenagers aged from 14 to 17.

Food and Gastronomy Research and Innovation Centre
Alongside the Faculty of Gastronomic Sciences, the Basque Culinary Center has the Food and Gastronomy Research and Innovation Centre.

Its purpose is to generate new scientific knowledge and innovative products in the culinary sphere, including food, hotels and gastronomy. This means that the areas of knowledge involved in the sector can be expanded with new knowledge which can generate new products, new services and new businesses. Experimentation and research goes on at this centre using a multidisciplinary approach with the aim of achieving advances in the following areas, among others:

Research, Development and Innovation (RDI): The research work done at this Centre aims to give greater added value to current products and services, in order to foster their differentiation on the market and encourage the creation of new businesses, products and services in the areas of food, HORECA, healthcare, healthy nutrition, social innovation in ageing and tourism, among others.
Quality: Regaining the concept of gastronomy, a sense of pleasure and the importance of quality labels are declared priorities for this Centre, as is the need to raise awareness in the culinary sector and in society in general of the importance of quality and authenticity. These ideas aim to improve performance in the sector and encourage more sophisticated, demanding customers. This line of work in raising awareness among the population also aims to improve results in terms of preventing health risks.
Synergies and cooperation: The existence of a specific centre linked to gastronomy intends to generate synergies and new areas of cooperation with other technology centres, especially Azti-Tecnalia and CSIC, the Spanish National Research Council, and European centres and universities, as well as with companies in the sector. In practice, new areas of research and work emerge, so that technology transfer can enrich projects.

Cafeteria

The centre has a cafeteria, which in practice functions as the training workshop for students on the Degree in Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, where they can put what they learn in class into practice with real customers, in both the kitchen and the dining room. This cafeteria is open to the public and serves two meals per day.

References

External links

 Official site
 Bendecida por las estrellas

Basque Culinary Centre
Educational institutions established in 2009
Education in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Universities and colleges in Spain
2009 establishments in Spain
Buildings and structures in Gipuzkoa
San Sebastián


title: Osman Gazi (disambiguation)

text:
Osman Gazi refers to Osman I, the first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Osman Gazi or Osmangazi may also refer to:

 Osmangazi, a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey
 Osmangazi Tunnel, a road tunnel in western Turkey
 , an amphibious warfare ship of the Turkish Navy
 Osmangazi Bridge,  a suspension bridge in southeast of Istanbul, Turkey
 Kuruluş: Osman, Turkish drama-series, also called Osman Ghazi

See also
 Gazi Osman Pasha


title: TearScience

text:
TearScience is an American company founded in 2005 that develops, manufactures and markets ophthalmic medical devices aiding in the identification and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, which can lead to dry eye disease, which is a condition that affect as many as 25 million Americans. The company's Lipiflow System was FDA cleared in June 2011 for treating meibomian gland dysfunction and is currently installed in over 250 locations across the globe. The company is headquartered in Morrisville, North Carolina.

Products

LipiView Ocular Surface uses interferometry to measure the thickness of the tear film oily lipid layer. LipiFlow Thermal Pulsation System uses heat and pressure to unblock obstructed meibomian glands to reduce dry eye symptoms.

References

External links

 Wall Street Journal "More Dry Eyes in the House"
 Review of Optometry "Dry Eye Measurement Lipiview Ocular Surface Interferometer"
 MedCity News "Medical device dry-eye treatment LipiFlow wins FDA approval

2005 establishments in North Carolina
Manufacturing companies based in North Carolina
Medical technology companies of the United States
Ophthalmic equipment
Technology companies established in 2005


title: 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League

text:
The 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League was the 15th edition of the European women's club football championship organised by UEFA, and the 7th edition since being rebranded as the UEFA Women's Champions League.

The final was played at the Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore in Reggio Emilia, Italy on 26 May 2016, two days before the final of the men's tournament played at San Siro, Milan.

Lyon defeated Wolfsburg 4–3 on penalties (1–1 after extra time) to win their third European title. Frankfurt were the defending champions, but were eliminated by Wolfsburg in the semi-finals.

Association team allocation
A total of 56 teams from 47 of the 54 UEFA member associations participated in the 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League. The ranking based on the UEFA Women's Champions League association coefficient was used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:
Associations 1–8 each had two teams qualify.
All other associations, should they enter, each had one team qualify.
The winners of the 2014–15 UEFA Women's Champions League were given an additional entry if they do not qualify for the 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League through their domestic league. Because Frankfurt finished outside the top two league places, this additional entry was necessary, meaning Germany had three teams in the competition this season.

Association ranking
For the 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League, the associations were allocated places according to their 2014 UEFA Women's Champions League association coefficient, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2009–10 to 2013–14.

Spain overtook the Czech Republic in the UEFA coefficient ranking and thus assured themselves a second entry.

Notes
 – Additional berth for title holders
 – Did not enter
 – No rank (association did not enter in the five seasons used for computing coefficients)

Teams
Unlike the men's Champions League, not every association enters a team, and so the exact number of teams in each round can not be determined until the full entry list is known. For this season, the title holders, the champions and runners-up from associations 1–8 and the champions from associations 9–15 entered the round of 32, while the remaining teams entered the qualifying round.

The following list the teams that qualified and enter this season's competition. Here TH denotes the title holders, CH denotes the national champion, RU the national runner-up, Ned 1 and Bel 1 the best placed Belgian and Dutch team in their joint league. Gibraltar's champions were still ineligible, as the 2014–15 national league season was again played with only nine players per side. After some years of hiatus Georgia played out a national champion in 2014. For the first time in 12 years Neulengbach from Austria missed out on qualification. Luxembourg entered a team for the competition for the first time since the 2011–12 season. Faroese club KÍ had entered every past edition.

Round and draw dates
The schedule of the competition was as follows (all draws were held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). In contrast to previous seasons, the round of 16 draw was held after the round of 32 was completed (separately from the round of 32 draw) and was seeded. Moreover, the quarter-finals were now moved back to be played in midweek, with only the semi-finals played on weekends.

Qualifying round

The draw for the qualifying round was held on 25 June 2015. The 32 teams were allocated into four seeding positions based on their 2015 UEFA club coefficients, which took into account their performance in European competitions from 2010–11 to 2014–15 plus 33% of their association coefficient from the same time span. They were drawn into eight groups of four (one from each seeding position), with the restriction that each group had to contain one of the eight teams which were pre-selected as hosts (which were allocated their own designated pot).

In each group, teams played against each other in a round-robin mini-tournament at the pre-selected hosts. The eight group winners advanced to the round of 32. The matchdays were 11, 13 and 16 August 2015.

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Group 7

Group 8

Knockout phase

In the knockout phase, teams played against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final. The mechanism of the draws for each round was as follows:
In the draw for the round of 32, the sixteen teams with the highest UEFA coefficients were seeded (with the title holders being the automatic top seed), and the other sixteen teams were unseeded. The seeded teams were drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other.
In the draw for the round of 16, the eight teams with the highest UEFA coefficients were seeded (with the title holders being the automatic top seed should they qualify), and the other eight teams were unseeded. The seeded teams were drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same association could not be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the quarter-finals onwards, there were no seedings, and teams from the same association could be drawn against each other.

Bracket

Round of 32
The draw for the round of 32 was held on 20 August 2015. The first legs were played on 7 and 8 October, and the second legs were played on 14 and 15 October 2015.

Round of 16
The draw for the round of 16 was held on 19 October 2015. The first legs were played on 11 and 12 November, and the second legs were played on 18 and 19 November 2015.

Quarter-finals
The draws for the quarter-finals and semi-finals were held on 27 November 2015. The first legs were played on 23 March, and the second legs were played on 30 March 2016.

Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 24 April, and the second legs were played on 1 and 2 May 2016.

Final

The final was played on 26 May 2016 at the Mapei Stadium – Città del Tricolore in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws.

Statistics
Statistics include qualifying rounds.

Top goalscorers

Top assists

Squad of the season
The UEFA technical study group selected the following 18 players as the squad of the tournament:

See also
2015–16 UEFA Champions League

References

External links
2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League
European league standings

2015-16
Women's Champions League
2015 in women's association football
2016 in women's association football


title: George Martine (physician)

text:
George Martine, the younger (1700–1741) was a Scottish physician.

Life
Born in Scotland in 1700, he was the son of the historian George Martine. He was educated at the University of St. Andrews, where during Jacobite rebellion of 1715, he headed a riot of some students of the college, who rang the college bells on the day that the Old Pretender was proclaimed. He later studied medicine, first at the University of Edinburgh (1720), and then at the University of Leyden, graduating M.D. there in 1725. He then returned to Scotland and settled in practice at St. Andrews.

In October 1740 Martine accompanied Charles Cathcart, 8th Lord Cathcart, as physician to the forces on the British expedition during the War of Jenkins' Ear, to attack the Spanish possessions in America. After the death of Lord Cathcart, on Dominica, 20 December 1740, he was attached as first physician to the expedition against Cartagena under Edward Vernon (see Battle of Cartagena de Indias). While there he contracted a "bilious fever", of which he died in 1741. He had been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in his absence.

Works
Martine wrote:

 De Similibus Animalibus et de Animalibus Calore libri duo, London, 1740.
 Essays Medical and Philosophical,' London, 1740, a collection of six essays; of those, Essays and Observations on the Construction and Graduation of Thermometers, and An Essay towards a Natural and Experimental History of the Various Degrees of Heat in Bodies, were reissued together as a second edition, Edinburgh, in 1772, and again in 1792.
 In B. Eustachii Tabulas Anatomicas Commentarii, published by Dr. Monro, Edinburgh, 1755.

He also contributed papers on medical subjects to the Edinburgh Medical Essays and the Philosophical Transactions.

The Examination of the Newtonian Argument for the Emptiness of Space London, 1740, was also by Martine. It led him into controversy with Colin Maclaurin, who replied with Account of Sir Isaac Newton's Discoveries'' (1748), defending Newton's assertion of the existence of the vacuum.

Notes

Attribution

1700 births
1741 deaths
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
18th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish medical writers
Scottish Jacobites
Fellows of the Royal Society


title: Maurice Perrin (cyclist)

text:
Maurice Perrin (26 October 1911 – 2 January 1992) was a French cyclist. He won a gold medal in the tandem event at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1911 births
1992 deaths
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Paris
French track cyclists


title: The Spoils Before Dying

text:
The Spoils Before Dying is an American comedy miniseries written by Matt Piedmont and Andrew Steele, and directed by Piedmont. It stars Will Ferrell, Michael Kenneth Williams and Kristen Wiig.  The miniseries premiered on July 8, 2015, on the American cable channel IFC. A follow-up to the miniseries The Spoils of Babylon, The Spoils Before Dying follows a 1950s jazz pianist-turned-private eye who becomes embroiled in a murder investigation.

Cast

 Will Ferrell as Eric Jonrosh (the author of The Spoils Before Dying) who portrays J. Edgar Hoover
 Michael Kenneth Williams as Rock Banyon, a 1950s jazz pianist-turned-private eye
 Kristen Wiig as Lauoreighiya Samcake (Jonrosh's ex-wife) who portrays Delores O’Dell
 Haley Joel Osment as Marty Comanche who portrays Alistair St. Barnaby-Bixby-Jones
 Michael Sheen as Christopher Smith who portrays Kenton Price
 Steve Tom as Chip Donwelly
 Marc Evan Jackson as Kermit Biggs
 Maya Rudolph as Fresno Foxglove
 Kate McKinnon as Dallas Boudreaux
 Tim Meadows as Gary Dunhill
 Chris Parnell as Bebop Jones
 Emily Ratajkowski as Agent Day
 Bérénice Marlohe as Beatrice
 Andy Daly as Artie Mann
 Peter Coyote as Dizzy The Cat
 Chin Han as Salizar Vasquez Deleon
 Molly Shannon as Odessa Dobson who portrays Tricksy the bartender

Episodes

References

External links
Official website

The Spoils Before Dying at Metacritic

2010s American comedy television miniseries
English-language television shows
2015 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
Television series set in the 1950s
IFC (American TV channel) original programming
Television series by Funny or Die


title: The Cooler (night club)

text:
The Cooler, a music and performance space, opened on Wednesday, September 22, 1993 at 416 West 14th Street in the Meatpacking District in Manhattan. The club showcased a wide variety of experimental music, Americana music, roots music, and spoken-word performers. Performances at The Cooler also included dance, film and video arts, and club parties. The Cooler blended live music, DJs, turntablists, and electronic dance music (EDM).

The Cooler's early period featured many mixed-genre downtown New York City musicians and DJs. The late period incorporated fewer bands and booked more EDM, mixologists and electronic music. The club closed on June 2, 2001 with a performance by Michael Karoli of Can, Botanica, Jim Thirlwell, James Chance and Suicide.

Early days
In the last three months of 1993 and early 1994, The Cooler shows featured New York City percussionists Milton Cardona, Mino Cinelu, Gato Nego, Patato Valdez, Manolo Badrena, Sammy Figueroa, Juju House as well as performances by Chocolate Armenteros, Gnawan musicians Hassan Hakmoun and Brahim Fribgane. Early DJs and mixologists included DJ Olive, Raz Mesinai, DJ Spooky, Skizz Fernando, Mixmaster Morris, DJ Logic, Soulslinger, Kurtis Mantronik, Swinsett, DJ Wally and UK Apache.

Golden years

1994–1995
Many diverse shows were performed early in 1994, with Medeski Martin & Wood, The Fugees and Autechre playing on three consecutive nights in early March. Gil Scott Heron, Amiri Baraka, Reggie Workman, Arto Lindsay, Patato Valdez, John Lurie, Papa Jube, Dewey Redman, Gunter Hampel, David Tronzo, Rubén Blades and Ronald Shannon Jackson all performed during this period.

In June 1994 Marc Ribot curated a month of Mondays with "the Wah's Duo",  Shrek and Anthony Coleman's "The Hunger". The Cooler's September Artist register read as follows: Jessamine, Cibo Matto, Cake Like, Silkworm, The August Sons, Thurston Moore & Derek Bailey, Alex Chilton, Circle X, Billy Bang, The Roots, Lunachicks, Guv'ner, Carbon, Ben Neill, Medeski Martin & Wood, The Chrome Cranks, Demi Semi Quaver, DJ Olive, DJ Spooky with Danny Blume and Ben Perowsky doing Monday nights. October followed with Monday nites produced by Lee Ranaldo with the finale Halloween show with Lee, Rasputina, William Hooker & Zeena Parkins and Motherhead Bug. In the month of November, Shrek, Versus, Cell, and Ruby Falls all performed. Cat Power played two shows, one with Run On and the other with Congo Norvell. 1994 New Year's show featured Kehinde O'Uhuru, Sun Ra Arkestra and Vernon Reid's Masque.

Jam bands, Jamaican, Hip hop, EDM and jungle/drum and bass played The Cooler in late 1994 early 1995. Artist bills included Charlie Hunter, The Fugees, Soul Coughing, MMW, Trouble Funk, WE, Ben Neill, The Slackers, SubDub, Busta Rhymes, Soulive, and Skavoovie & The Epitones. DJs featured include DJ Stretch Armstrong, Soulslinger, and DJs Delmar, Cassien, Honeychild, Gunsmoke, Wordsound and Uk Apache. Giant Step produced many Thursdays at this time, including the debut Fugee's acoustic show. Mat E Silver presented Abyss Parties, then Chiaroscuro with DJ Olive & DJ Spooky in mid-1994. Roxanne Semadeni curated hoofer shows at this time as well with Tina Pratt, Gregory Hines, Buster Brown, Lon Chaney, Jimmy Slyde and Savion Glover.

In January 1995, Screaming Headless Torsos did a benefit show for Sarajevo, Christian Marclay played with Tong, Liquid Sky started "The Egg" Party and Ska/Hardcore band Mephiskapheles headlined on January 20. Monday nights in February were curated by Elliott Sharp with Carbon, Zeena Parkins, Melvin Gibbs and Rebecca Moore. In March 1995, Steve Shelley of Sonic Youth curated a month of Mondays with Male Slut, The Rock*A*Teens, Chan Marshall, Loren Mazzacane Connors and Dirty Three's American debut. Discord and DC bands Slant 6, The Warmers, Ted Leo's Chisel and Make-Up were seen on weekends as well as Baltimore's Candy Machine, Railroad Jerk and Jonathan Fireater. John Zorn performed in mid 1995 with performances of Pueblo and Masada and the "Free Mumia" show on August 9 billed Allen Ginsberg with Marc Ribot, Amiri and Amina Baraka, Bern Nix, William Parker and Roy Campbell.

Other Monday nights in 1995 featured Spanish Fly, David Shea, Gary Lucas, Christian Marclay, Chocolate Genius, Douce Gimlet, Beekeeper, Cat Power, William Hooker, White Out, Rudolph Grey, Ram Umbus, Smoke, Sleepyhead, Maggie Estep, Queen Esther, Two Dollar Guitar, Harvey Sid Fisher and No-Neck Blues Band. On Friday and Saturday June 2 & 3, there was a Wall To Wall tribute to Rahsaan Roland Kirk, and in the fall and winter of 1995 saw Rasputina, Smog, Unsane, Bardo Pond, Demi Semi Quaver, Debbie Harry, Last Poets, Lungfish, and Ian Svenonius' Famous Monsters Revue. A December 29 post-Christmas bash featured UI, Zeit, Labradford, Alec Empire, Trans Am and Tortoise. Finishing off the year for New Year's were The Fort Apache band, Rashied Ali, William Parker, Amiri Baraka, Charles Gayle and Tortoise on New Year's Eve, 1995.

1996–1997
February 1996, saw Sugar Minott, Lungfish, Graham Haynes and Charles Gayle. On March 8 and 9, 1996, The Cooler hosted a D.C. Funk/Punk weekend featuring Chuck Brown and the Make-Up. Throughout 1996, Guest artists included Rasputina, Labradford, Blonde Redhead, Bush Tetras, Sulfur, Cake Like, The Monorchid, Congo Norvel, The Spitters, Bloodloss and other weekend shows with Roy Ayers, Prince Paul, Hassan Hakmoun, Los Cubano Postisos, Mephiskapheles, Princess Superstar, James Chance, The Last Poets, and Amiri Baraka. On November 8, 1996, Thurston Moore and Male Slut previewed his Psychic Hearts record. In December 1996, Vernon Reid did two shows: My Science Project with Christina Wheeler and Vernon Reid's Encryption Society with Bernie Worrell's Woo Warriors on New Year's Eve.

In January 1997 The Cooler hosted Gary Lucas, Ben Neill and Peter Brötzmann and the Sergey Kuryokhin FESTIVAL with Auctyon and Kvost. February included Marc Ribot, Bashir Atar, Vernon Reid, David Tronzo, and Don Byron and the month ending with another chapter of Ian Svenonius' Famous Monsters Revue. On March 1 and 2, 1997, Sonic Youth did a pair of club dates with openers, Ruins and Dim Sum Clip Job. The mid-year period of 1997 featured T-Model Ford, Majek Fashek, Cold Cold Hearts, Unwound, Jeff Pinkus, Oliver Lake, Arto Lindsay's Hypercivilizado, Smoke, and North Mississippi Allstars. October 3 and 4, 1997 saw a shared Thurston Moore & Cecil Taylor bill with them playing together on Saturday, October 4. On the October 24–25 weekend Two Dollar Guitar, Friends of Dean Martinez and Los Cubanos Postisos played. November 1997 featured Khan, Lary 7, Circuit Bible, and The Cranium, Windsor for the Derby. San Francisco's Thinking Fellars Union hosted the November 14 and 15 with openers Silver Apples, The Tower Recordings, and Danielson Family.

Other dub, EDM, hip hop and turntablist acts in the 1996–1997 period included Mad Professor, Amon Tobin, WE, Mutamasik, DJ Spooky, Cut Chemist, X-Men, DJ Logic, DJ Olive, Raz Mesinai, Toshio, Alec Empire, SubDub, Circuit Bible, Rome, Afrika Bambaataa, Sir Coxsone Dodd, The Slackers, The Last Poets and a Guy called Gerald. Club Parties of this period were Night of the Living Dub, Koncrete Jungle, Funk Hut, and Khan's Killer. The Cooler's 1997 New Year's show which included Baktun (The Cooler's sister club upstairs) as well, headlined Alec Empire, Mad Professor, WE, Silver Apples, and DJs Wally & Swingsett.

Digital era

1998–1999
The spring and winter of 1998 saw Cat Power, RL Burnside, Deerhoof, The Spitters, Black Eyed Peas, Xzibit, The Contortions, To Rococo Rot and Godspeed You Black Emperor. EDM bookings included Talvin Singh, Alec Empire, Bhom Shankar, WE, Scarab, Quantyk, Blackalicious, Junkie XL, Silver Apples and DJs Rekha, Sage, Tony Touch and Spooky.

In May 1998, Thurston Moore/ Ecstatic Yod presented Sandy Bull, John Fahey, Tower Recordings and Roy Montgomery. Other Cooler shows included Royal Trux on September 11 and 12, Beck and Thurston Moore on September 21 and Michael Karoli and Damo Suzuki of Can on the following weekend. Godspeed You! Black Emperor played on September 30. October shows saw the first Original Silver Apples show in 28 years, Michael Rother of Neu & Dieter Moebius with We, Philadelphia's Strapping Fieldhands and The Cranium, Rondelles and Make-Up finishing off the month. The first week of November included Eminem in one of his first N.Y. shows, the Dust Brothers, Thee Headcoats and ? and The Mysterians. Featured Club parties in 1998 were Mutiny, The Lyricist Lounge, Koncrete Jungle and Ghetto Roots.

1999 got its start with Antibalas, Dubster's UV RAY, Ninjatune's DJ Vadim, Afrika Bambaataa and Baltic rockers Gogol Bordello. Harvey Sid Fisher sang astrology songs on February 8 on the Monday Nite Series. March featured Sonny Fortune / Rashied Ali Duo, Dj Prince Paul, Grand Wizzard Theodore, Kid, Knoxville Girls and anti-Pop Consortium. Performances in April, May, and June presented Dieselboy, Vernon Reid and Suphala, A Guy Called Gerald, Pansonic, Acid Mothers Temple, Riz Maselen, Eszter Balint, Mocean Worker, Easy Allstars, and The Ruby Dare.

On September 11, The Cooler featured The Real Kids who opened for cult soulster Andre Williams and The Sadies as well as later in the month a show featuring Panacea, Stewart Walker and DJ Godfather. October billings featured Ben Neill and Si*Sé, Mutamasik, Cheb I Sabbah, and Banco de Gaia and a later show with Challenge of the Future, Heroine Sheiks and The Special Pillow. At the end of the month and Don Fleming and Thurston Moore played a show with members of Godspeed and The annual Halloween show featured T-Model Ford, Knoxville Girls, Kid Congo Powers, and James Chance. November Special shows were; November 6: Rob Swift and Mista Sinasta of The Executioners; November 22: Ted Leo and the Pharmacists, Pine Barons and Holly Golightly; November 27: Ninja Tune/ Giant Step event with DJ Vadim, Mr Thing and Killer Kela. The year ended with Interpol on December 4. Thurston Moore & Rashied Ali with The Tower Recordings and Calla on December 11 and the millennium New Year's show with Gil Scott Heron and Roy Ayers Ubiquity. Club Parties in 1999 featured Koncrete Jungle, Liquid Sky, Direct Drive, Blue Groove, Mutiny, The Bounce and Salga.

2000
In early 2000, The Cooler and many downtown music venues had numerous problems with "the Dance Police" who were trying to accommodate Mayor Giuliani's vision of the "Cabaret Law" and this altered operating potential and programming. As a result, The Cooler went into an abbreviated schedule at this time. In early 2000, Bristol Trip-Hoppers Smith & Mighty and DJ Franco's Vampyros Lesbos played. On Friday, February 11, Prince Paul played.

The club went onward with an Augustus Pablo Tribute with Easy All-Stars, Delroy Williams and Black Redemption on February 19 and other winter shows. Spring shows included the following: March 3: We, A Guy Called Gerald and Ben Neill. March 29: Stereo MCs. April featured Soulman Lee Fields with the Soul Providers and Mighty Imperials. On May 3 there was a Friends of Dean Martinez record release and on May 13 Bardo Pond played with Christian Marclay and Lee Ranaldo and DJ Olive. On Saturday May 27, The Cooler hosted Robin Williamson from the Incredible String Band with Strapping Fieldhands and the Tower Recordings. Other notable 2000 shows were as follows: June 3: Mad Scene, Shell, Cul de Sac. June 17: Hassan Hakmoun Zahar and David Fiuczynski's Kif. August 8: Dele Sosimi of Egypt 80 and Antibalas. September 9: Antipop Consortium, Princess Superstar and Mista Sinasta. September 15: Cornell Campbell and the Slackers. October 7: Kitty and the Tree and The Strokes. October 20: Oneida, Danielson Family, Grant Hart (Hüsker Dü). October 21: The Swirlies, Brian Jonestown Massacre November 3: UV Ray, WE and Badawi. November 14: DJ Assault and Detroit Grand Pubahs, December 9: The Walkmen, Don Fleming and Poem Rocket. December 16: Reverend Vince Anderson, Moisturizer and Andre Williams & The Strapp and December 30: Electro-Putas, Pansonic, Lary 7 and Nicolas.

Closure
The club moved on to January 12 with alternative hip-hoppers Antipop Consortium and Dujeous with Total Eclipse. James Blood Ulmer, Rashied Ali and Reggie Workman played on the January 19, and a night of Sound, Words and Angus MacLise Tapes with Gerard Malanga, DJ Olive, Thurston Moore, Christian Marclay, Lee Ranaldo and Hrvatski finished the month off on January 27. On February 9, Lighting Bolt jammed on the floor following other stage acts Oneida and The Walkmen. Other shows in February were Dr Israel and UV Ray, DJ Rekha's Mutiny party and James Chance with the original Contortions.

March highlights were Rashied Ali & James Blood Ulmer Duo with openers Arthur Doyle and Charles Gayle, and on Saturday, March 31, one of the first Yeah Yeah Yeahs shows ever with them opening for Wharton Tiers Ensemble. April brought The Mad Scene, Mad Professor, Jim O'Rourke, 2 Dollar Guitar and T. Moore. and a wildly sold-out tribute to French singer Serge Gainsbourg hosted by Congo Norvell. In The Cooler's final days, on Saturday May 12, Jim Carroll played with Lenny Kaye with the openers: The Secret Machines and Lee Ranaldo. The Frogs, Stereobate, and The Rapture were featured on May 19 and in one of the last Monday Nites Billy Bang and William Parker played. The finale weekend shows June 1 and 2 presented Michael Karoli, Botanica, DJ Olive, DJ Otefsu aka Jim Thirlwell, Lary 7 and Suicide.

Monday night series
Jedi, the proprietor and curator of The Cooler, created the Artist Curated Monday Nite Series. He enlisted New York City Artists to curate a month of Monday Nites. Monday Nite Curators included Rashied Ali, Steve Shelley, Elliott Sharp, Zeena Parkins, Marc Ribot, Lee Ranaldo, David Fiuczynski, Rick Brown, Homestead Records, Marc Ashwill, Thurston Moore, William Parker, Billy Bang and many Others. Acts featured on the Monday Nite Series included Cat Power, Dirty Three, Make-Up, Sandy Bull, Blonde Redhead, Elliott Smith, Ira Cohen, Charles Gayle, Beck, Rashied Ali, Arthur Doyle and Motherhead Bug. Monday Nite patrons included well known celebrities, including David Byrne, Penn Jillette, Rashied Ali, Cecil Taylor, Gerard Malanga, Raz Mesinai, Dennis Oppenheim and John Paul Dejoria.

Club parties
Club parties were a significant portion of The Cooler programming. Early parties included Liquid Sky, Giant Step, Night of the Living Dub, Chatterbox Lounge, Matt E Silvers Abyss, Khan's Killer and James Chance's Molotov Cocktail Lounge and the Funk Hut. The latter parties featured DJ Rekha's Mutiny Asian Underground Drum n Bass night, Koncrete Jungle, The Lyricist Lounge, Ghetto Roots, SoundLab, The Egg, Vampyros Lesbos, Direct Drive and The Bounce.

References

1993 establishments in New York City
2001 disestablishments in New York (state)
Former music venues in New York City
Nightclubs in Manhattan
Defunct jazz clubs in New York City
Event venues established in 1993


title: Maurice Perrin

text:
Maurice Perrin may refer to:

 Maurice Perrin (bishop) (1904–1994), French bishop in Tunisia, diplomat
 Maurice Perrin (cyclist) (1911–1992), French Olympic cyclist
 Maurice Perrin (physician) (1875–1956), French physician

See also
 Perrin (disambiguation)


title: Wildcat Apollo

text:
Wildcat Apollo is an American indie rock and psychedelic pop band. Formed in Brooklyn in 2012, the band is currently based in Austin, Texas and its members include Cat Tassini (vocals, synths), Taylor Eichenseer (guitar, vocals), Aaron Eichenseer (guitar, bass), Alex Margolin (drums), and Caitlin Callas (cello and backing vocals). Their self-titled debut album was released in late 2013, which Brooklyn Exposed stated  "seamlessly weaves between intense folk rock and an ambient, ethereal sound." Their song  "The Colorado" won the Rock Category Grand Prize at The John Lennon Songwriting Contest later that year. The band regularly performs live, and has played at SXSW 2014 and the Vans Warped Tour.

History

1990s-2011: Member background
Previous to forming the originally four-member band Wildcat Apollo, three of the members had grown up together in Austin, Texas, collaborating in various band incarnations over the years. Brothers Taylor and Aaron Eichenseer had started jamming on rock music as early as the late 1990s, recording various demos on cassette tape together. The elder brother, Aaron, had played guitar from early childhood, while Taylor began playing intently in high school. Their friend Alex Margolin had learned drums by periodically playing with the Eichenseer brothers starting in 2005. After high school the members scattered to attend various colleges, though in 2012 the three friends met back up in Brooklyn. That summer they started rehearsing garage rock songs written by Taylor, and soon started writing songs as a group.

2012-2013: Founding, debut album
Wildcat Apollo was officially formed as an indie rock/synthpop band in 2012 by Alex Margolin and Taylor and Aaron Eichenseer. Vocalist Cat Tassini joined the group several months later, after moving into Taylor Eichenseer's apartment while the band was forming. While the members periodically switch vocal duties and instruments, the standard lineup includes Tassini on synthesizer, percussion and vocals, Taylor Eichenseer on guitar and singing, Aaron Eichenseer on guitar and bass, and Margolin on drums, percussion and synthesizer.

They spent much of 2013 working on their sound in a basement in Bushwick, Brooklyn. Later that summer the band traveled to Austin to rehearse and record their debut album. Titled Wildcat Apollo, it was recorded at The Bubble studios, with Frenchie Smith and Taylor Eichenseer co-producing. It was self-released by the band on October 30, 2013. The 12-track album met with a largely positive response from music critics. According to The Deli Magazine, the "LP has warranted much attention with its lush, psych-pop sensibilities strewn over vocalists; Cat Tassini and Taylor Eichenseer's seraphic cadence." About the record's sound, AudioFemme stated that it "combines elements of garage rock and dancey shoegaze, full of catchy bass lines and innovative guitar hooks," and Brooklyn Exposed stated it "seamlessly weaves between intense folk rock and an ambient, ethereal sound."

Their song "The Colorado" from the album won the Rock Category Grand Prize at The John Lennon Songwriting Contest of 2013. Several music videos have resulted from the album; in late 2013, Tassini directed and edited a music video for the track “No. 6," showing it at the RAW:Brooklyn group showcase in October. Also in October, the Wildcat Apollo video for "Sleepwalking" was shown at the Bushwick Film Festival. In December 2013 the band shot a music video for their track "K.C. Zombie." "KC Zombie" recently premiered on Anon Magazine. It was directed and edited by Cat Tassini in collaboration with Bull Moose Productions.

2014-present: Move to Austin
As of November 2013 all the members lived in New York excluding Aaron, who would travel from Austin to join them at live performances. By December the band was planning a permanent move to Austin, and after a series of performances in Brooklyn, all the members relocated to Austin by January 2014. That March they performed at SXSW 2014, and in June the band spent a week touring with the Vans Warped Tour. The band announced that keyboardist Danny Ferraro had joined the lineup in 2014.

Style
While primarily an indie rock group, the band draws from diverse influences and incorporates the rock genres of shoegazing, garage, psychedelic, pop and dance-rock. All members contribute to the songwriting process. According to drummer Alex Margolin the band is experimental in their approach with each track, and, "We approach creating music in many different ways. Usually, one of us has an idea for a song or a basic piece of music and the rest of us try to expand on that idea." Stated Taylor Eichenseer, "We also do a lot of jamming and recording of jamming with a loop pedal or on a computer. This is great because it lets the music be the guide, and you can turn your brain off and just let it flow and figure out what happened after the fact."

Members
Band members as of 2014
Cat Tassini - vocals, synth, percussion (2012–present)
Taylor Eichenseer - vocals, guitar, bass (2011–present)
Aaron Eichenseer - guitar, bass (2011–present)
Alex Margolin - drums, synth (2011–present)
Caitlin Callas - voila, bass, backing vocals (2014–present)

Past
Danny Ferraro - keyboards (2014)

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Awards

See also
Warped Tour 2014

References

External links
WildcatApollo.com
Wildcat Apollo on Facebook
Wildcat Apollo on Twitter
Wildcat Apollo on YouTube
Wildcat Apollo on Bandcamp

Musical groups established in 2012
Indie rock musical groups from New York (state)
Indie rock musical groups from Texas
Musical groups from Austin, Texas
Musical groups from Brooklyn
2012 establishments in New York City


title: W. Randolph Hodges

text:
William Randolph Hodges, Jr., often styled as W. Randolph Hodges, (February 5, 1914 – November 20, 2005) was a Florida politician and Democrat who most notably served as the President of the Florida State Senate.

Background

Born in Cedar Key, Florida, Randolph Hodges lived most of his life in the home his father had built around the turn of the century. He graduated from Cedar Key High School in 1932 and attended the University of Florida for a short time before returning to his native island city. Hodges married Mildred Yearty from Otter Creek, Florida in November 1933 and began a relationship that would last 72 years, producing 3 children: Eugene Randolph, Nancy Patricia, and William Hal.

Like most Cedar Key residents during the early 20th century, Hodges was a commercial fisherman and for a while operated a fish house. He bought the local ice plant during the 1940s and manufactured ice for fishermen for approximately 18 years. In connection with the ice plant, he owned and operated an appliance and marine store.

Political life

Hodges began his political career by serving 2 terms as mayor of Cedar Key and 10 years as a Levy County Commissioner. He was elected to the Florida State Senate (representing Levy, Gilchrist, and Dixie Counties) in 1952 and served for 3 terms (12 years), during which time he served as President pro tempore in 1959, and President of the Florida Senate in the 1961 legislature. He was a solid member of the Senate bloc of small county senators who engaged in many political battles against issues such as reapportionment. The group was known as "The Pork Chop Gang." Following the 1961 legislative session, Governor Farris Bryant and the Florida Cabinet appointed Hodges to serve as State Conservation Director. He, Mildred, and their son Hal moved to Tallahassee and lived there for thirteen years, during which time he served as Conservation Director and Director of the newly established Department of Natural Resources.

Randolph retired from state government in 1974 and he and Mildred returned to their family home in Cedar Key, where he remained until his death. He raised cattle on his Rosewood farm on the mainland and represented Pompano Park Harness Race Track as a lobbyist in Tallahassee for many years. His son was Gene Hodges who served in the Florida House of Representatives and his granddaughter Dana Young served as the Majority Leader of the Florida House of Representatives, representing parts of Hillsborough County.

Notes

External links

1914 births
2005 deaths
People from Levy County, Florida
Businesspeople from Florida
University of Florida alumni
County commissioners in Florida
Mayors of places in Florida
Florida state senators
20th-century American politicians
People from Putnam County, Florida
Pork Chop Gang
20th-century American businesspeople


title: Kentarō Ōtani

text:
is a Japanese film director.

Filmography
Avec mon mari (1999)
Travail (2002)
Nana (2005)
Rough (2006)
Nana 2 (2006)
Runway Beat (2011)
Black Butler (2014)

References

External links

Japanese film directors
Living people
1965 births
People from Kyoto Prefecture


title: Vitaly Shafranov

text:
Vitaly Dmitrievich Shafranov (; December 1, 1929 – June 9, 2014) was a Russian theoretical physicist and Academician who worked with plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion research.

Life
Vitaly Dmitrievich Shafranov was born  in the village of Mordvinovo in Ryazan region in 1929. During World War II, Schafranov attended the school and worked together with his father building roads. In 1943 he got his first national award at the age 14. From 1946, Schafranov studied at the Physics Department of the Moscow State University. After graduating in 1951, he started to work with nuclear fusion in the Theory Department headed by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Leontovich at LIPAN (Laboratory of Measuring Instruments of the USSR Academy of Sciences) as today's Russian Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" was known at the time. He examined tokamaks stability and gave some parameter estimation for Soviet tokamak experiments. He also dealt with shock waves in plasmas and interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasmas. Later, he worked intensively on stellarators. In 1981 he became the successor of Leontovich as head of the Theory Department of Nuclear Fusion at the Kurchatov Institute.

Concepts such as the Shafranov shift (1959), the Kruskal-Shafranov stability criterion and limit value and the Grad-Shafranov equation (1957) are named after him. In 1972, he suggested with Lev Artsimovich a tokamak with D-shaped cross-section.

In 2001 he received the Hannes Alfvén Prize. In 1981 he became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and full member of the Academy in 1997. In 1971 he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR and the Lenin Prize in 1984.

Since 1983 he was editor of Plasma Physics Reports (Fizika Plasmy). From the death of Boris Kadomtsev to his death, he served as the editor of the Reviews of Plasma Physics collection.

Selected work
 On magnetohydrodynamical equilibrium configurations, Soviet Physics JETP, vol. 6, 1983, p. 1013.
 Plasma Equilibrium in a Magnetic Field, in  Leontovich, M. A. (Ed.): Reviews of Plasma Physics, vol. 2, 1963.
 Electromagnetic waves in a plasma, in Leontovich: Reviews of Plasma Physics, vol. 3, 1963.
 V. S. Mukhovatov: Plasma equilibrium in a Tokamak, Nuclear Fusion, vol. 11, 1971, p. 605.
 Determination of the parameters  and  in a tokamak for arbitrary shape of plasma pinch cross-section, Plasma Physics, vol. 13, 1971, 757.
 L E Zakharov, V D Shafranov. Equilibrium of a toroidal plasma with noncircular cross-section, Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. vol. 18, 1973, 151–156.
 L. E. Zakharov, V. D. Shafranov. Evolution of equilibrium of toroidal plasma, in B. Kadomtsev, Plasma Physics, Advances in Science and Technology in the USSR Physics Series, MIR Moscow 1981.
 L. E. Zakharov, V. D. Shafranov. Equilibrium of current carrying plasmas in toroidal configurations, in M. A. Leontovich Reviews of Plasma Physics, vol. 11, Consultants Bureau, New York 1986.
  V. D. Shafranov. Magnetohydrodynamic theory of plasma equilibrium and stability in stellarators: a survey of results, Physics of Fluids, vol. 26, 1983, S. 357.
 V. D. Pustovitov in B. Kadomtsev: Reviews of Plasma Physics, vol. 15, 1989, 163.

References

External links
 Award of the 2001 Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society to Professor Vitaly Shafranov
 Vitalii Dmitrievich Shafranov (on his 80th birthday)

1929 births
2014 deaths
Soviet physicists
20th-century Russian physicists
Recipients of the Lenin Prize
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Plasma physicists


title: Stephen Oru

text:
Stephen Orise Oru is a Nigerian politician. He is a former Minister of Niger Delta Affairs of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Early life and education

Stephen Oru was born in Delta State, Ughelli North L.G.A. He attended Government College, Ughelli. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts in 1974 and a Masters of Arts in Education in 1976 from Ahmadu Bello University. He furthered his studies in the United States where he obtained a PhD from Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio in 1978

Career

Oru began his political career in 1982 with the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) as the Secretary of Youth Wing, Ughelli LGA, Bendel State. Since then, he has held various positions within Nigeria's political scene; some of which include:

 State Youth Leader, National Party of Nigeria, Bendel State - 1983
 State Financial Secretary, National Party of Nigeria, Bendel State - 1983
 Member of Transition Committee, Bendel State - 1983
 Founding Member of the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria - 1998
 Deputy National Secretary, People's Democratic Party of Nigeria - 2005-2008
 Secretary, PDP Disciplinary Committee - 2005-2008
 Member, Delta State PDP Caucus - 2005-2008
 Coordinator PDP Foreign Chapters - 2005-2008
 Acting National Secretary, PDP - 2007
 Member and Secretary, PDP National Reconciliation Committee under the Chairmanship of His Excellency, Dr. Alex Ekwueme, GCON - 2007
 Delta State Coordinator, Goodluck/Sambo Presidential Campaign Organization - 2010-2011
 Member, South-South Goodluck-Sambo Presidential Campaign Council - 2010-2011
 Member, Delta State Gubernatorial Campaign Council- 2010-2011
 Member, Delta State People's Democratic Party's Reconciliation Committee - 2011
 PDP National Vice Chairman(South-South) 2012-2014

Other notable non-political capacities held by Oru in the past:

 Member of Senate, University of Benin - 1982-1983
 Director, Integrated Development Services Limited (IDSL), a Subsidiary of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation - 2001-2004
 Chairman, National Board of Technical Education (NBTE) - 2005-2007
 Chairman, Governing Board of Delta State College of Education - 2007-2009
 Chairman, Governing Board of Delta State Polytechnic. 2009-2014
 Member, Ahmadu Bello University Council - 2009-2011
 Chairman, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River State - 2013-2014

References

Living people
Urhobo people
People from Delta State
Ahmadu Bello University alumni
Ohio State University alumni
Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria) politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Suslin operation

text:
In mathematics, the Suslin operation 𝓐 is an operation that constructs a set from a collection of sets indexed by finite sequences of positive integers.
The Suslin operation was introduced by  and . In Russia it is sometimes called the A-operation after Alexandrov. It is usually denoted by the symbol 𝓐 (a calligraphic capital letter A).

Definitions

A Suslin scheme is a family  of subsets of a set  indexed by finite sequences of non-negative integers. The Suslin operation applied to this scheme produces the set

Alternatively, suppose we have a Suslin scheme, in other words a function  from finite sequences of positive integers  to sets . The result of the Suslin operation is the set

where the union is taken over all infinite sequences

If  is a family of subsets of a set , then  is the family of subsets of  obtained by applying the Suslin operation  to all collections as above where all the sets  are in .
The Suslin operation on collections of subsets of  has the property that . The family  is closed under taking countable unions or intersections, but is not in general closed under taking complements.

If  is the family of closed subsets of a topological space, then the elements of  are called Suslin sets, or analytic sets if the space is a Polish space.

Example

For each finite sequence , let  be the infinite sequences that extend .
This is a clopen subset of .
If  is a Polish space and  is a continuous function, let .
Then  is a Suslin scheme consisting of closed subsets of  and .

References

Descriptive set theory


title: Borden Milk Plant

text:
The Borden Milk Plant, now the home of the Fayetteville-Lincoln County Museum, is a historic dairy processing plant in Fayetteville, Tennessee.

History
The Borden Milk Plant was built by the Borden Company in 1927 to process raw milk into butter and powdered milk. It was among the earliest industrial facilities to be established by a major U.S. company in the former Confederacy in the years after the American Civil War.

The facility was important to the economy of Lincoln County and the surrounding region, particularly during the Great Depression, when it provided the only source of cash income for the area's farmers. In its first month of business, it paid $25,000 to the farmers who supplied raw milk. At its peak of operation, it had 75 employees and obtained milk from over 1,200 dairy farmers in the area. Local hog farmers used whey from the plant (a byproduct of milk processing) as a supplementary feed for their hogs.

In its later years, the plant produced cottage cheese from skimmed milk. During World War II, it supplied dried eggs and dried milk to the U.S. military.

The milk processing plant closed in 1962. In 1988 the facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Borden Powdered Milk Plant".

Museum
The Fayetteville-Lincoln County Museum, which is housed in the former milk plant, has  of exhibit space. The history of agriculture in the local area is a major focus of the museum. Other exhibits include a large collection of Native American artifacts, an electric train display, and items related to the military career of U.S. Admiral Frank Kelso, a native of Fayetteville.

References

External links
 Fayetteville-Lincoln County Museum & Event Center - official site

Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Buildings and structures completed in 1927
Buildings and structures in Lincoln County, Tennessee
History museums in Tennessee
Museums in Lincoln County, Tennessee
Dairy buildings in the United States
Agricultural buildings and structures in Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Tennessee


title: Brooke Raboutou

text:
Brooke Raboutou (born April 9, 2001) is an American professional rock climber who specializes in competition climbing where she competes as part of the US National Team. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympic Games and represents the United States at IFSC Climbing World Cups.

Early life
Both of Raboutou's parents,  and Robyn Erbesfield-Raboutou, are former world champion competition climbers and leading outdoor sport climbers with notable first free ascents. Her brother, Shawn Raboutou, is a professional rock climber who specializes in bouldering.

Climbing career

Rock climbing

At age 9, she climbed a  boulder, and became the youngest woman to climb a  sport climbing route. At 10, she sent a  boulder and became the youngest woman to climb a   sport route. At 11, she became the youngest woman to send a  sport route.

In October 2023, she made the second female ascent of Box Therapy, a  boulder, and proposed a downgrade to .

Competition climbing

Raboutou was at the University of San Diego in 2018 before taking time off to prepare for the Tokyo Olympics, where she finished in 5th place.

In April 2023, she won the IFSC Boulder World Cup in Hachioji, Japan, claiming her first ever IFSC Climbing World Cup gold medal.

Rankings

World Cups

Season rankings

Podiums
Bouldering

Lead

Climbing World Championships
Youth

Senior

References

External links

2001 births
Living people
American female climbers
American rock climbers
University of San Diego alumni
Sportspeople from Boulder, Colorado
Sport climbers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic sport climbers for the United States
IFSC Climbing World Cup overall medalists
Boulder climbers
21st-century American sportswomen
American people of French descent
IFSC Climbing World Championships medalists