title: Mukthi

text:
Mukthi is a 1988 Indian Malayalam film, directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by Raju Mathew. The film stars Mammootty, Shobhana, Urvashi and Thilakan in the lead roles.

Plot
Coming from a struggling background, former tutorial college teacher Haridasan takes charge as Calicut District Collector with Hameed as ADM and Nambiar as SP. Ravunni Warrier is the helper at his residence. On a visit home, he visits the tutorial where he meets Pillai sir and his daughter Sudharma whom he hopes to marry soon. He visits his modest home and hands over gifts to amma, his younger brother Sudhi and sister Shobha. His ammavan Shekharan who prior to him becoming Collector, had not treated them nicely, visits him with his wife and daughter Radhika who has an affection for Hari. Kunjunni is another ammavan who is a habitual drinker but Hari respects him. Radhamma, a social activist who works among the Beypore fishermen community informs Hari about the police brutality against them. Hari's mother and siblings move over to his residence. Hari looks into the matter of a hotel owned by Vishwanathan which has encroached government property. Vishwanathan tells his son Vinod to befriend Sudhi and he ends up liking Shobha. When amma puts up the marriage proposal of Radhika, Hari opposes it and expresses his desire to Kunjunni.

Police raid a hotel to find Vinod with Shobha. While Hari and family wonder how to deal with the humiliation, Vishwanathan seeks Shobha's hand in marriage to Vinod with dowry being Hari's marriage to his daughter Jayasree, a modern girl who admires him. With his sister's situation, his mother's and brother's insistence and advice of Hameed to be practical, Hari agrees to it. He then seeks forgiveness from Pillai sir and Sudharma. Among the wedding gifts, Jayasree finds a show-piece of Sati pining for Shiva which makes her doubtful of Hari's past. When Hari finds out Sudhi has been using his name to help an abkari, he rebukes him hard. Sudhi leaves the house challenging to be better than Hari. Shekharan and ammayi tells Sudhi to join his political party. Tensions rise between Hari and Jayasree due to his work commitments and her suspicions. Sudhi becomes youth leader of Shekharan's party that has the Revenue Minister who puts forward the idea of him marrying Radhika and also taking up the Beypore fishermen strife to strengthen his stand. When Jayasree makes Sudharma cry, Hari tells her that their marriage is a charity of Sudharma. Sudhi comes over and takes amma away. As member of district council, Sudhi accuses the Collector of softening his stand on the hotel issue making Hari claim he would take action on RM's orders. Upon Shobha's request, Hari requests Sudhi not to force the RM as it might harm her marriage but he is past caring. Hari and Jayasree decide to separate not legally but for her to stay at hers for some time. Hari attends Sudhi's marriage with Radhika.

Sudhi meets Radhamma to form a new union which she opposes. Sudhi and his followers create a ruckus during temple festival leading to deaths of two Hindus and a Muslim. Hari works hard on the issue and is applauded by the CM. Jayasree comes back to him and both decide to work on their marriage. Sudhi decides to change the temple incident into a communal riot by attacking the mosque which will help to strengthen his party. This is overheard by Radhika who informs it to Hari who tries to solve the matter from all corners possible. When he tells Sudhi he would do anything to get his old Sudhi back, the younger one understands the gravity of the situation he has created. Sudhi tries to stop the protestors but ends up being shot by the police and dies. Despite heavy unrest, Hari and Jayasree goes to his funeral where he is rebuked by his mother and beaten by the villagers and party followers. Kunjunni saves him asking him what good is the job to him. On his way back, Hari visits the tutorial college he once taught in and takes a class watched by Jayasree, Pillai sir and Sudharma.

Cast

Mammootty as Haridasan IAS, District Collector of Kozhikode
Shobhana as Radhika
Urvashi as Sudharma
 Rahman as Sudakaran
Thilakan as Kunjunni Nair
Kaviyoor Ponnamma as Madhaviyamma
Sankaradi as Ravunni Warrier
Sithara as Sobha
Babu Namboothiri
Balan K. Nair as P. K. Nambyar
Bheeman Raghu
C. I. Paul
Chithra as Jayasree Nair
Ganesh Kumar
Janardanan as Shekharan Nair
Kundara Johnny
KPAC Sunny as Thomas Varghese
M. G. Soman as Hameed
Seema as Radhamma
Shivaji
Thodupuzha Vasanthi
Jagannatha Varma as Viswanathan Nair

Crew
Dubbing Artist

References

External links

1988 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films shot in Kozhikode
Films directed by I. V. Sasi


title: Van Buren–St. Leonard Border Crossing

text:
The Van Buren–St. Leonard Border Crossing is located at the Saint Leonard – Van Buren Bridge that connects the town of Van Buren, Maine with St. Leonard, New Brunswick on the Canada–United States border.  During the 19th century, hand-pulled ferry service connected these two cities.  In 2008, a flood of the Saint John River severely damaged the Van Buren border station. A new facility was completed in 2013.

See also
 List of Canada–United States border crossings
 Saint Leonard – Van Buren Bridge

References

Canada–United States border crossings
Madawaska County, New Brunswick
Van Buren, Maine
1847 establishments in Maine
1847 establishments in New Brunswick


title: 171st New York State Legislature

text:
The 171st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 9, 1957, to March 26, 1958, during the third and fourth years of W. Averell Harriman's governorship, in Albany.

Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1938, re-apportioned in 1953, 58 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts for two-year terms. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were Kings (nine districts), New York (six),  Queens (five), Bronx (four), Erie (three), Nassau (three), Westchester (three), Monroe (two) and Onondaga (two). The Assembly districts consisted either of a single entire county (except Hamilton Co.), or of contiguous area within one county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Liberal Party also nominated tickets.

Elections
The 1956 New York state election, was held on November 6. The only statewide elective office up for election was a U.S. Senator from New York. The Republican Attorney General Jacob K. Javits defeated the Democratic/Liberal Mayor of New York Robert F. Wagner Jr. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for U.S. Senator, was: Republicans 3,724,000; Democrats 2,965,000; and Liberals 301,000.

Five of the six women members of the previous legislature—Assemblywomen Bessie A. Buchanan (Dem.), a retired musical actress and dancer of Harlem; Janet Hill Gordon (Rep.), a lawyer of Norwich; Frances K. Marlatt (Rep.), a lawyer of Mount Vernon; Genesta M. Strong (Rep.), of Plandome Heights; and Mildred F. Taylor (Rep.), a coal dealer of Lyons—were re-elected.

The New York state election, 1957, was held on November 5. No statewide elective offices were up for election. Three vacancies in the State Senate and three vacancies in the Assembly were filled.

Sessions
The Legislature met for the first regular session (the 180th) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 9, 1957; and adjourned on March 30.

Oswald D. Heck (Rep.) was re-elected Speaker.

Walter J. Mahoney (Rep.) was re-elected Temporary President of the State Senate.

The Legislature met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany on June 10, 1957; and adjourned on June 13. This session was called, among other things, to consider legislation concerning worker benefits and telephone rates.

The Legislature met for the second regular session (the 181st) at the State Capitol in Albany on January 8, 1958; and adjourned on March 26.

State Senate

Districts

Senators
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Elisha T. Barrett and Thomas A. Duffy changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of this Legislature. Assemblymen John H. Farrell and A. Gould Hatch were elected to fill vacancies in the Senate.

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees
 Secretary: William S. King

State Assembly

Assemblymen

Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

Employees
 Clerk: Ansley B. Borkowski
 Sergeant-at-Arms: Raymond J. Roche
 Deputy Journal Clerk: Maude E. Ten Eyck

Notes

Sources
 Members of the New York Senate (1950s) at Political Graveyard
 Members of the New York Assembly (1950s) at Political Graveyard

171
1957 in New York (state)
1958 in New York (state)
1957 U.S. legislative sessions
1956 U.S. legislative sessions


title: Aalorungi Arangorungi

text:
Aalorungi Arangorungi is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thevalakkara Chellappan. The film stars Mammootty, Shobhana, Menaka and Thilakan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Jerry Amaldev.

Plot
The film is about a police inspector who tries to live humanely as possible, and the associated events in his life.

Cast

Mammootty as Rajan
Shobhana as Geetha
Menaka as Marykutty
Bhagyalakshmi as Radha
Thilakan as Prabhakara Menon
Pattom Sadan as Vareechan
Sathaar as Kaduva Thommachan
Kaduvakulam Antony as P. C. Kunjappan
Kuyili as Nisha
Lalithasree as Soshamma Cherian
Lalu Alex as Thampi
Mala Aravindan as Mathunni, Chakkunni (double role)
Meena as Padmavathi
P. K. Abraham as Doctor
Mukesh as Vinod
Kollam Ajith as Gunda

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Jerry Amaldev and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader.

References

External links

1986 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Thevalakkara Chellappan
Films scored by Jerry Amaldev


title: The Dragon, the Hero

text:
The Dragon, The Hero is a Hong Kong martial art movie directed by Godfrey Ho and starring Philip Ko, Dragon Lee, Tino Wong Cheung and Liu Chung-Liang. The movie is considered as one of the best martial arts movie that Godfrey Ho directed outside of the martial arts movie fanbase . The movie is also known as Dragon on Fire.

Plot
Tu Wu Shen and Tang are direct descendants of Strike Rock Fist master who began as best friends however ended up being worst enemies. The revenge continues throughout their lives until the two warriors discover that they have a common enemy, Ma Ti, a perverse master of dangerous Su Ta. Tu Wu Shen and Tang must forget about the past and reunite to fight against the evil menace.

Cast

John Liu as Tu Wu Shen
Tino Wong Cheung as Tang
Philip Ko as Ma Ti
Dragon Lee as Ah Tien
Chiang Kam as Fat dish washer
David Wu as Thin Dish Washer
Alexander as Gwailo at market
Chan Lau as old groper
Bolo Yeung as King Kong (Cameo)
Mars as thug (uncredited)
Wong Chi Ming extra, action director
Lee Ting Ying
Lee Hang

Alternate title confusion
While originally the film was released as under the name of The Dragon, the Hero, some of the media release has the name confusion as The Dragon on Fire, which was an alternate of Enter Three Dragons (Another Dragon Lee movie that was co-directed by Godfrey Ho previously in 1978.).

Media release
The movie was released on DVD by the company Hong Kong Connection and released on VHS under the name Muscle of the Dragon and also Dragon on Fire. The movie was also released on the remastered German DVD with original Mandarin dubbed version.

External links

Hong Kong martial arts films
1979 films
1979 martial arts films
1970s martial arts films
Bruceploitation films
1970s Hong Kong films


title: Oru Nokku Kanan

text:
Oru Nokku Kanan is an  Indian Malayalam film,  directed by  Sajan and produced by P. T. Xavier in 1985. The film stars Mammootty, Ambika, Shalini and Shankar. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Plot

Maya, a labour officer sees her ex-lover, Jayadevan who ditched her. She bore a child with him. Jayadevan from unfortunate circumstances wasn't able to get in touch with Maya and didn't know they had a child together from their relationship. Years later, they are neighbors, Jayadevan is a widowed factory owner, Maya is a labour officer who has to conduct regular inspections at the factory as a part of her work. They both are single parents with a child that looks alike. The film explores whether Maya and Jayadevan be able to rekindle their love.

Cast
Mammootty as Jayadevan
Ambika as Maya
Shalini as Chinnukkutti / Unnimol
Shankar as Shankar
Menaka as Sandhya
Sukumari as Vilasini
Lalu Alex as Gopan
Mala Aravindan as Vidyadharan
Innocent as Innochen
V. D. Rajappan as Kunjandi
Adoor Bhavani as Kathreena

Release
The film was released on 1985.

Critical reception
The film received rave reviews from the audience. The film's success was mainly due to Mammootty - Shalini (Baby Shalini at that time) combo. Both the songs also received wide appreciation.

Box office
The film was both commercial and critical success and it earned a cult status.

Soundtrack

References

External links

1985 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Sajan


title: Manya Mahajanangale

text:
Manya Mahajanangale is a 1985 Indian Malayalam film,  directed by A. T. Abu and produced by Alavi N. The film stars Mammootty, Chithra, Prem Nazir and Adoor Bhasi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Shyam.

Cast
Mammootty as Devan
Chithra as Vimala
Prem Nazir as Nizar Ahammed
Adoor Bhasi as Vakachan
Sabitha Anand aa Suhra
Seema as Sainu
T. G. Ravi as Raghavan
Mala Aravindan as Onthu Keshavan
Philomina as Ayisha
Kuthiravattam Pappu as Kuttans
Shanavas as Tony
Tony as College student
Cochin Haneefa as Basheer
Kunjandi as Master Krishnan Nair
Rajan Padoor as Politician

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Shyam and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader.

References

External links

1985 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by A. T. Abu


title: Oru Sandesam Koodi

text:
Oru Sandesam Koodi is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Cochin Haneefa and produced by R. S. Sreenivasan. The film stars Mammootty, Prem Nazir, Rohini and Cochin Haneefa. It was remake of Kudumbam Oru Kadambam The musical score is by Shyam.

Plot
Vijayan, Prasad and Gopi are shown living in a rental home. They struggle to pay the rent. On one occasion the owner tries to evict them, but they are not willing to leave.

Vijayan is a drunk and a local rowdy. His mother, younger brother Raju and sister Rama live with him. Vijayan is not willing to get a job, and does nothing for his family. He drinks and starts fights in the market. His younger brother, Raju, is like him, but has an interest in politics. Their sister Rama is an SSLC student. Their mother is the only source of income. She becomes a servant in some neighbors' homes.

Cast
Mammootty as Vijayan
Jagathy Sreekumar as Raju
Rohini as Rama
Kamala Kamesh as Lakshmiyamma
Cochin Haneefa as Chandran
Shankar Panikkar as Gopy
Kunchan as Kadara Kunjunni
Unnimary as Rajani
Jose as Unnikrishnan
Ragini as Shari
Nedumudi Venu as Prasad
Bahadoor as Rajashekharan Nair
Paravoor Bharathan as House Owner
Prem Nazir as Cameo Appearance

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Shyam with lyrics by R. K. Damodaran.

References

External links

1985 films
1980s Malayalam-language films
Films directed by Cochin Haneefa


title: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Prague

text:
The British Embassy in Prague () is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Thun Palace, a historic building in the heart of the Malá Strana ("Lesser Town"). The incumbent ambassador is Matt Field.

History

The long history of the Thun Palace, which is named after the Thun family, goes back to medieval times and there are Gothic traces in the cellars and foundations of the building. The first written record of a building at this place is from the middle of the 14th century. Since then, the location has marked some of the great events in Czech history. There are records that a house here was burnt during the Hussite Wars, along with much of Malá Strana. Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II bequeathed a rebuilt house to one of his faithful servants, and the house was subsequently traded by winners and losers during the catastrophic upheavals of the Thirty Years' War.

In 1919, when Britain established relations with the new Republic of Czechoslovakia, the British leased the Thun Palace as a Residence for the Minister and the Legation offices. It has been the Legation, and then the Embassy, ever since and in 1925 the British Government bought it. The first Czechoslovak President, Tomáš Masaryk, was a frequent visitor and according to some sources, Masaryk used to come from the Prague Castle through the Embassy garden. Over the years, many internal changes to the building have been made to provide more working office space. But the main architectural features, artwork and great treasures of history remain, and the building and garden continue to be amongst the most beautiful locations in the city.

The American musicologist Daniel E. Freeman has recently established that Mozart did not stay in this palace during his first visit in Prague in January and February 1787, contrary to persistent claims found in guidebooks to the city of Prague. The true Thun palace in which he stayed burned down in the late 1790s. It was replaced by a new palace that was built in the early 19th century and now stands at Sněmovní 4 in Malá Strana.

See also
 Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
 List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Czech Republic
 Diplomatic missions in the Czech Republic

References

External links

 British Embassy Prague

Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
United Kingdom
Prague
Malá Strana
Czechoslovakia–United Kingdom relations
Palaces in Prague


title: Charo Soriano

text:
Maria Rosario "Charo" Soriano (born October 14, 1985) is a Filipino volleyball player, coach, and politician. Soriano is one of the founders of Beach Volleyball Republic, an outdoor volleyball tournament, and a board member of the Philippine National Volleyball Federation. She also serves as a city councilor of Tuguegarao since 2022.

Volleyball career
During her collegiate playing career for the Ateneo Lady Eagles, she played indoor and beach volleyball. After playing With the Ateneo Lady Eagles from 2003 to 2008, she worked as assistant coach for this team from 2012 to 2014. Soriano won with this team the Shakey's V-League Season 8, 1st Conference as head coach. In 2013, she played for the Smart Maynilad Net Spikers in the Shakey's V-League Soriano joined PLDT Home Ultera Ultra Fast Hitters from the Shakey's V-League, for the 2014 Shakey's V-League 11th Season Open Conference and the 2015 Shakey's V-League 12th Season Reinforced Open Conference.

In beach volleyball, Soriano played in the 2015 PSL Beach Volleyball Challenge Cup with Petron XCS and the 2015 Fit To Hit: Philippine Beach Volleyball Invitational Mane 'n Tail. She won the Silver Medal in the  2015 Beach Volleyball Republic Christmas Open and later represented The Philippines partnering Alexa Micek in the 2015 Spike For Peace Women’s International Beach Volleyball. She played with Micek the Beach Volleyball Republic tournaments since 2015. She is one of the co-founders of Beach Volleyball Republic.

For the 2016 Shakey's V-League 13th Season Open Conference season, she acted as playing coach for the club  BaliPure Purest Water Defenders.

Political career
Soriano announced on October 6, 2021, that she would be seeking political office as councilor in her hometown, Tuguegarao, for the 2022 Philippine local election. She was elected to a three-year term after placing second in the official tally.

Clubs
  Ateneo Lady Eagles (2003-2008)
  Smart-Maynilad Net Spikers (2013)
  PLDT Home Ultera Ultra Fast Hitters (2014-2015)
  BaliPure Purest Water Defenders (2016)
  Perlas Spikers (2017) - team manager

Awards

Individuals
 2003-2004 UAAP Season 66 "Rookie of the Year"
 2006 Home and Away Invitational League "Best Server"
 2007 Shakey's V-League Season 4 2nd Conference "Most Energetic Player"
 2007–2008 UAAP Season 70 "Best Scorer"
 2007–2008 UAAP Season 70 "Best Receiver"
 2008 Shakey's V-League Season 5 1st Conference "Most Improved Player"
 2008 Shakey's V-League Season 5 1st Conference "Best Blocker"

See also
 Beach Volleyball Republic
 Perlas Spikers

References

Filipino women's volleyball players
Living people
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
University Athletic Association of the Philippines volleyball players
1985 births
People from Tuguegarao
Women's beach volleyball players
Wing spikers
Middle blockers
Filipino women's beach volleyball players
Filipino sportsperson-politicians
Politicians from Cagayan
21st-century Filipino women politicians
Filipino city and municipal councilors
Filipino volleyball coaches


title: Nathan Page

text:
Nathan Page (born 25 August 1971) is an Australian actor, best known for his commercial voice-over work and his role as Detective Inspector Jack Robinson in Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries.

Early life
Page grew up in an Air Force family and moved around Australia frequently as a child. A former cyclist, Page attended the Australian Institute of Sport with Stuart O'Grady and competed in Europe with Lance Armstrong. He retired from professional cycling at the age of 19 due to various injuries and because he could not remain competitive in Europe without performance-enhancing drugs. He recalled "It was an era that was plagued by drugs and it was very hard to see your way through to a long career... because I stayed clean, you could beat them some of the time, but not all of the time."

Describing his decision to take up acting after ending his cycling career, Page has said "I went into a wilderness for a while and had nothing to fall back on, then I decided to do something that was going to scare me". He began with "a little Tuesday night drama class" and graduated from the Centre for Performing Arts, Adelaide (now the Adelaide College of the Arts) in 1996.

Career

In the first years of his acting career, Page primarily worked in theatre productions in Adelaide. He appeared in the films Strange Fits of Passion in 1999 and Sample People in 2000. In 2003, Page had a recurring role in the third series of The Secret Life of Us as Charlie, Richie Blake's boyfriend. In 2009, he was lauded for his performance as Ray "Chuck" Bennett in Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities.

In 2011, he played Alasdair "Mac" Macdonald, the husband of Ita Buttrose in Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo, an ABC mini-series about Buttrose's life.  After the series aired, Macdonald sued the ABC for defamation for erroneously depicting him as deserting his family.  Scenes of Page's performance in Paper Giants were played in court as evidence. The ABC later issued a formal apology to Macdonald.

In 2012, Page co-starred as Detective Inspector Jack Robinson in the first series of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries opposite Essie Davis, with whom he had appeared in a stage production of MacBeth in Adelaide in July 1998. Miss Fisher has been very successful, with an average of more than 1.5 million viewers per episode in Australia and global distribution in more than 120 territories.  The ABC aired the second and third series of Miss Fisher in 2013 and 2015.

In 2013, Page played Henry Stokes in Underbelly: Squizzy on Nine Network. In 2015, he played Koz Krilich in Hiding on the ABC.

In 2016, Page returned to the stage for the first time in ten years. He played Vinnie in The Distance with the Melbourne Theatre Company and starred as Robert Hannay in The 39 Steps with the State Theatre Company of South Australia in Adelaide.

A photograph of Page, titled The Chameleon IV, 2015 by Sydney-based photographer Sam McAdam-Cooper, was a finalist for the National Photographic Portrait Prize in 2016.  Finalist photographs were displayed at the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra and were exhibited throughout Australia in 2016 and 2017.

Page also works as a voice actor.  He has voiced numerous television commercials for such companies as BMW, Kubota Tractor Corporation, and ASICS, as well as the Royal Australian Navy.

Nathan was cast as a lead actor in the 2020 film Miss Fisher and the Crypt of Tears.

He is also in the thriller film Escape from Pretoria, filmed in Adelaide in March 2019.  It was released on 6 March 2020.

Personal life
Page lives outside of Adelaide with his wife, New Zealand dancer and choreographer Sarah-Jayne Howard, and their two sons, Duke and Frankie.

Filmography

Television

Film

Theatre

References

External links

 Nathan Page: the official Nathan Page website.
 Nathan Page on Instagram.

Australian male actors
Living people
Australian male cyclists
1971 births
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: BBC Earth (TV channel)

text:
BBC Earth is a documentary subscription television channel featuring premium factual programming. The channel is wholly owned and operated by BBC Studios. Originally set to roll out internationally in 2014, it was later announced that it would launch in 2015, starting in Poland.

History

In October 2013, the BBC announced that in 2014 it would rollout 3 new brands – BBC Earth, BBC First, and BBC Brit, with BBC Earth to be dedicated to premium factual programming. It was later announced that the channel would air series such as Frozen Planet and Wonders of the Universe. In addition, roughly 30 hours of new content would be ordered for the channel in its first year. The channel is set to replace BBC Knowledge; however, if the existing channel is successful in certain markets, it may continue to operate.

International roll-out

Poland
BBC Earth launched in Poland on 1 February 2015, replacing BBC Knowledge.

Nordic countries
BBC Earth replaced BBC Knowledge in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland on 13 April 2015. It was replaced by BBC Nordic on 17 April 2023.

Hungary
BBC Earth replaced BBC Knowledge on 14 April 2015.

Romania
On 14 April 2015, BBC Earth was launched in Romania, replacing BBC Knowledge.

Turkey
BBC Earth launched in Turkey, replacing BBC Knowledge on 14 April 2015.

Latin America
BBC Earth launched in the Latin American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela on 1 September 2015, replacing BBC HD. On 13 April 2017, the channel ceased its transmissions, along with BBC Entertainment and CBeebies.

South Africa
The channel launched in South Africa on the DStv (satellite) platform replacing BBC Knowledge on 1 September 2015.

Asia
In Asia, BBC Earth launched in Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam on 3 October 2015, replacing BBC Knowledge. In the Philippines, it was launched on 1 April 2017 along with BBC World News. On 12 September 2017, it was announced to be launch via Laosat DTH in Laos. In Myanmar, the channel was available via Sky Net and CANAL+.

On September 14, 2021, BBC Earth HD, along with BBC Lifestyle HD, returned to Malaysian satellite TV service Astro.

Serbia

In Serbia, BBC Earth was launched on 28 December 2015 replacing BBC Entertainment.

Eastern Europe
BBC Earth launched in Eastern European countries on 1 January 2016, replacing BBC Entertainment.

Greece
In Greece, the channel was launched on Cosmote TV on 1 October 2017.

Middle East & North Africa (MENA)
BBC Earth launched in Middle East & North Africa through the beIN DTH and STC TV services on 5 April 2018.

India

BBC has entered into a joint venture with Multi Screen Media to launch the channel in India, branded as Sony BBC Earth. It was launched on 6 March 2017, following regulatory approval of the joint venture. Kareena Kapoor is the ambassador for this channel.

Canada

On 6 December 2016, BBC Worldwide and Canadian media company Blue Ant Media announced plans to launch a Canadian version of BBC Earth. The channel launched on 24 January 2017 and on 18 February 2017 hosted the Canadian premiere of Planet Earth II, on the same date as the United States, where it also aired on BBC America. BBC Earth replaced Blue Ant Media's radX. Due to foreign ownership restrictions by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, the channel is fully owned by Blue Ant Media, with the BBC Earth brand and programming licensed from BBC Worldwide.

New Zealand

BBC Earth launched on Sky on 22 October 2018 in New Zealand,  replacing BBC Knowledge.

Australia
BBC Earth launched on Foxtel and Fetch TV in Australia on 10 October 2019, replacing BBC Knowledge.

United States
In the United States, BBC Earth does not have a channel in the country, but airs all BBC Earth programs on BBC America, and channels owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, while PBS also does the same thing, but also including partnerships in Nature, Nova, and more.

Programming blocks
There are BBC Earth programming blocks on the following channels:
 ProSieben Maxx (Germany; since 3 September 2013).
 #0, previously Canal+ (Spain; since June 2015).
 Eén (Flanders; since Autumn 2015).
 WOWOW (Japan; since 2010)

References

External links
 BBC Earth Official Website
 BBC Earth  at Blue Ant Media

International BBC television channels
Television channels and stations established in 2015
Television channels in Poland
Pan-Nordic television channels
Television networks in Hungary
Television stations in Romania
Television stations in Turkey
Television stations in South Africa
2015 establishments in the United Kingdom
Television channels in North Macedonia
Television networks in Australia
English-language television stations in Australia
BBC Worldwide


title: George William Peterkin

text:
George William Peterkin (March 21, 1841 – September 22, 1916) was the first Bishop of West Virginia in the Episcopal Church in the United States.

Early life
Born in Clear Spring, Washington County, Maryland as first child of Rev. Joshua Peterkin of Baltimore, Maryland (1814–1892) and his wife Elizabeth Howard Hanson, George Peterkin had two younger sisters, Mary Beall Peterkin (1842–1857) and Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin. He attended the University of Virginia until the American Civil War interrupted his studies to become a priest like his father. Peterkin joined the 21st Virginia Infantry in Richmond, and after the battle of Seven Pines in 1862 joined the staff of artillery General William N. Pendleton, who had been a priest in Maryland before the war and knew his father. As General Pendleton's aide, Lieutenant Peterkin witnessed the surrender ceremony at Appomattox.

Ministry
After the war, Peterkin attended Virginia Theological Seminary and graduated in 1868. Ordained a priest the following year, Peterkin served parishes in Virginia and Maryland. When the General Convention created the Diocese of West Virginia in 1877, and the new diocese's first choice as bishop, Rev. Eccleston of New Jersey turned down the position, Peterkin, who had recently manage to reorganize the finances and ministry of Memorial Church in Baltimore, was elected its first bishop. On May 30, 1878, he was consecrated at the new diocese's largest church, St. Matthew's in Wheeling.

Bishop Peterkin established his home at Parkersburg, West Virginia and during the next 24 years visited every county in West Virginia, increasing the Episcopal Church's influence in the state. He consecrated 37 churches, and conducted numerous ordinations in his diocese and four in Brazil. He also served as a missionary in Puerto Rico. In 1887 Bishop Peterkin founded Sheltering Arms Hospital in Hansford, to provide medical care for coal miners, and two years later his sister Rebekah founded a similar hospital in Richmond in a former mansion. In 1891, Bishop Peterkin consecrated the Memorial Church of the Good Shepherd in Parkersburg, which began as a mission to the "wild boys" of the city's east end, as a memorial to his two sons who had died young. In 1892, Peterkin published Records of the Protestant Episcopal Church in West Virginia.

In 1899, the diocesan convention elected William Loyall Gravatt as his coadjutator, as Bishop Peterkin contemplated retirement, after the deaths of his father and sister as the decade began. In 1901, Bishop Peterkin helped erect a cross memorial to Confederate soldiers from his 21st Virginia regiment and those of the 15th Virginia on Valley Mountain in Randolph County, West Virginia. He retired the following year, succeeded by Bishop Gravatt, who moved the diocesan headquarters to Charleston.

Family
Peterkin married twice. His first wife, Constance Gardner Lee Peterkin, died in 1877, and left behind two young children, William Gardner Peterkin (1870–1941), and Constance Lee Peterkin (1872–1948). He remarried and was survived by his second wife, Marion MacIntosh Stewart Peterkin (1849–1942).

Death and legacy
Peterkin died at his home in Parkersburg in 1916, and is buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond, Virginia, along with his father, and sister. The retreat center for the Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia in Romney is named in his honor.

See also

Edward Lee Strider, The Life and Work of George William Peterkin (G. W. Jacobs & Co. 1929)
 List of Succession of Bishops for the Episcopal Church, USA

References

External links

1841 births
1916 deaths
19th-century American bishops
Bishops in West Virginia
Burials at Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)
Confederate States Army officers
Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia
Episcopalians from Maryland
Episcopalians from West Virginia
People from Parkersburg, West Virginia
People from Washington County, Maryland
Religious leaders from Maryland
University of Virginia alumni
Virginia Theological Seminary alumni
19th-century American Episcopalians
Episcopal bishops of West Virginia
American slave owners


title: Albert Edward Cloutier

text:
Albert Edward Cloutier (1902–1965) was a Canadian painter and graphic designer who painted in a form of intensified realism with abstract plastic forms.

Life

Albert Edward Cloutier was born in 1902 of Canadian parents in Leominster, Massachusetts, USA.
The family moved back to Canada 1903.
As a child he was encouraged to paint by his parents. He was mostly self-taught.
He went on painting trips with A. Y. Jackson and Edwin Holgate.
Cloutier was an apprentice with Smeaton Bros in Montreal in 1918–21.
He worked with Associated Engravers in Montreal (1922–25) and with Batten Ltd. in Montreal (1926–29).
From 1929 to 1940 he was a freelance graphic designer and illustrator in Montreal.
He was part of the "Oxford Group" led by the painters André Biéler and Edwin Holgate, which met in a below-ground room at the Oxford tavern at lunchtime. The group had roughly equal numbers of francophone and anglophone members. Other members were Adrien Hébert, the art critic Jean Chauvin and the editor Carrier.

Cloutier and Edwin Holgate made a mural for the Canadian pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, commissioned by the Canadian government.
It showed a panorama of the country in terms of industries, people and products.
The focus of the mural was a hydroelectric dam with a white horse in front of it, representing power. Transmission lines lead from the dam to pulp and paper, mining and manufacturing industries. A man with a horse and plough in the foreground represented traditional agriculture.
During World War II (1939–1945) Cloutier was Art Director for the Wartime Information Board in 1941.
In 1941 Cloutier and Eric Aldwinckle made a poster of Canada's New Army.
The work follows the current style with clean lines and a simple, efficient design.
Cloutier was an official war artist with the Royal Canadian Air Force from 1943 to 1946.
He was the only francophone war artist. His pictures included training aircraft and flying boats.

Cloutier made silkscreens for Sampson Matthews Limited.
He was a  freelance graphic designer and illustrator in Ottawa (1946–48) and then back in Montreal from 1948 onward.
He lectured at the École des beaux-arts de Montréal for more than two years.
Cloutier was among the artists selected to decorate the interior of the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, owned by the Canadian National Railway, which opened in 1958. Others were Jean Dallaire (wall hanging), Marius Plamondon (stained glass mural), Claude Vermette (ceramic tiles) and Julien Hébert (bronze elevator doors). Cloutier contributed carved wooden panels.
He painted a mural for the main dining room of the Salle Bonaventure in the hotel.

Albert Cloutier died in Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, in 1965. He was aged 63.

Work

Cloutier worked in oils, water colors, tempera, clay, wood and metals. His paintings mainly depict the beauty of Canadian landscapes.
His early paintings showed the influence of the French Impressionists, the Group of Seven and Paul Cézanne.
His later work was an intensified realism, with increasingly abstract and plastic forms.
Cloutier followed the French Canadian tradition of showing settled farm landscapes and avoided modernism.
Selected commissions include:
 frieze in collaboration with Edwin Holgate for the Canadian pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair
Mural for one of the new Park cars on the Canadian Pacific Railway's Canadian passenger train
Twelve panels for the Salle Bonaventure in the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal
Mural for Le Carignan restaurant at Place Ville Marie in Montreal
Painting of soldiers from the Carignan-Salières Regiment in full battle-dress in dyes on fabric

Cloutier made some of the illustrations for Kingdom of the Saguenay (1936) by Marius Barbeau.
He designed and illustrated Pathway to Greatness (1959) for the Canadian Pulp & Paper Association.
The book described how the Saint Lawrence River was developed into the Saint Lawrence Seaway.

Affiliations and collections

Cloutier became a member of the Federation of Canadian Artists in 1941 and the Canadian Society of Painters in Water Colour in 1948.
He became an associate of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1951 and a member of the Academy in 1956.
He became a member of Arts Club, Montreal in 1951, and was president of the Arts Club in 1957–59.
He became a member of the Canadian Society of Graphic Art (); president of the Art Directors' Club of Montreal (1953); a member of the National Society of Art Directors in New York City.
His work was exhibited at the Klinkhoff Gallery and Arts Club in Montreal.
His work is held by the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa.

External links

 War Art in Canada: A Critical History, by Laura Brandon published by the Art Canada Institute.

References

Sources

1902 births
1965 deaths
20th-century Canadian painters
Canadian male painters
Academic staff of the École des beaux-arts de Montréal
American emigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian male artists


title: Daniel Halper

text:
Daniel Halper is an American political writer.  He previously served as the online editor of the now-defunct neoconservative magazine The Weekly Standard until a management change at that publication in 2016 and from 2016 to 2017 was employed by the New York Post. Halper authored Clinton, Inc.: The Audacious Rebuilding of a Political Machine (), an unflattering 2014 biography of the Clinton family.

In 2017, he became an editor for the Drudge Report, replacing Joseph Curl. Halper's hiring coincided with the Drudge family's retreat from the public sphere (Drudge's father sold his own site Refdesk the same year to the same company that also took over the Report's advertising account at the same time, and by 2019 unconfirmed reports had emerged that Matt Drudge had sold the Report) and may have been a factor in the Report having a substantial change in editorial direction.

In June 2020 Halper published the book "A Convenient Death: The Mysterious Demise of Jeffrey Epstein" together with Alana Goodman.

Biography
Halper is a graduate of Tufts University.

See also
List of books by or about Hillary Rodham Clinton

References

External links
 Column archive at The Weekly Standard
 Official website of the book, Clinton, Inc.

American magazine editors
American political writers
American male non-fiction writers
Living people
The Weekly Standard people
Tufts University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: Alan R. Wilson

text:
Alan R. Wilson is a Canadian novelist and poet, who won the Amazon.ca First Novel Award in 1999 for his novel Before the Flood. The novel was also a shortlisted nominee for the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize and the Stephen Leacock Award.

His prior publications include the poetry collections Animate Objects (1995), Counting to 100 (1996) and Sky Atlas (2008).

Originally from Moncton, New Brunswick, he currently resides in Victoria, British Columbia. His second novel, Lucifer's Hair, has been completed and is slated for future publication.

References

20th-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
21st-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Canadian male novelists
Writers from Moncton
Writers from Victoria, British Columbia
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Amazon.ca First Novel Award winners


title: Ken Simpson

text:
Kenneth (Ken) Nigel Graham Simpson (1938 – 9 July 2014) was an Australian ornithologist and ornithological writer best known as the coauthor, with artist Nicolas Day, of the Simpson & Day field guide to Australian birds.

Simpson was born in Sydney and educated at University High School in Melbourne. He subsequently worked as a research technician in various institutions as well as lecturing in primary science at Deakin University and leading birdwatching tours. During the mid-1960s he studied royal penguins and wandering albatrosses on subantarctic Macquarie Island. He had a long association with the Bird Observers Club of Australia (BOCA), which he joined at the age of 11 in 1949, and was involved in editorial work with the BOCA journal Australian Bird Watcher.

In addition to his ornithological studies, while on Macquarie Island Simpson collected botanical specimens (mostly Lichens). The specimens are held at the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.

Honours
 Honorary Degree of Master of Science, Monash University (1974)
 Australian Natural History Medallion (1996)
 President, Bird Observers Club of Australia (1996–1998)
 Honorary Life Membership, Bird Observers Club of Australia

Publications
As well as numerous articles and scientific papers, books authored or coauthored by Simpson include:
 1972 – Birds in Bass Strait. Reed: Sydney.
 1984–2010 – Field Guide to the Birds of Australia (with Nicolas Day), first published as The Birds of Australia – a Book of Identification by Lloyd O’Neil: Melbourne, , with several subsequent editions published by Penguin Australia (Viking)
 1987 – Birds of Australia Logbook. Viking O’Neill Australia.
 1998 – Birdwatching in Australia and New Zealand. (With Zoe Wilson). Reed New Holland: Sydney.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
Australian ornithologists
Ornithological writers
 Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria

Scientists from Sydney
Academic staff of Deakin University


title: Chinna Marumagal

text:
Chinna Marumagal () is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by Prasanthkumar and produced by Keyaar. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Siva, Mohini and Delhi Ganesh in lead roles. It is a remake of the Bengali film Choto Bou (1987). The film was released on 23 May 1992.

Plot

Cast
Sivaji Ganesan
Siva as Siva
Mohini as Geeta
Delhi Ganesh
Thyagu
Vadivukkarasi as Rajeshwari
Renuka as Shanti
Rajesh as Sekhar

Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by debutant Sri Raj, with lyrics by Vaali.

Reception
The Indian Express wrote, "Prashanth Kumar's direction is average as the narration lacks depth."

References

External links

1990s Tamil-language films
1992 drama films
1992 films
Indian drama films
Tamil remakes of Bengali films


title: Aora Children's Literature Research Centre

text:
Aora Children’s Literature Research Centre NSW Inc. was a volunteer managed research collection of children's literature that existed from 1992 - 2013 in Sydney, New South Wales.

The collection was established to preserve a perspective on Australian literary heritage, including a selection of books children in New South Wales had grown up reading since white settlement. The collection was not limited to Australian titles and included a professional collection of books and reviewing journals. The material in the collection had been sourced from donations by New South Wales public libraries, New South Wales Department of Education and Training Offices at Ryde, the New South Wales School Magazine office and private individuals. The collection included more than 20,000 items.

The AORA patron was Dr Maurice Saxby AM, a world-renowned authority on Australian Children's Literature.

History
Aora can trace its history back to the 1960s when Dr Margaret Trask AM, a lecturer in children's literature, saved discarded books from public libraries to be a historical resource collection for her students. This collection was returned to Sydney public libraries in 1992 and a group of former children's librarians maintained the collection as it expanded with donations from the New South Wales Department of Education offices at Ryde, bibliographer Dr Kerry White, Penguin publishing, authors, public library deleted materials and individual donors.

Housed at St Peters Public School in Sydney, the collection was jointly supported by the Metropolitan Public Libraries Association and New South Wales Department of Education and Training from 1992 until 2006. In 2008 ownership of the collection was handed over to a community volunteer committee in partnership with Department of Education and Training, New South Wales. A new management committee was established and work began to develop a plan for the future. The aim of the collection was to make it the children's literature research collection for New South Wales, available to students and researchers of children's literature and the general public. A newsletter was produced and circulated to public library librarians, school librarians, teachers, academics, publishers, bookshops and parents of students at the school. A business plan for its future launched by the State Librarian of New South Wales in 2010 was only partly implemented.

Aora closed in December 2013 due to rising insurance costs and low membership. The collection was dispersed into the hands of many individuals.

References

See also

 Lu Rees Archives

Australian children's literature


title: Mudhal Kural

text:
Mudhal Kural () is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language action drama film, directed by  V. C. Guhanathan and produced by Nellai Anandan and Varadanandan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Arjun Sarja and Kanaka. It was released on 14 August 1992.

Plot

Veluthambi, a popular rebel in Puliyampatti constituency, is seen by the ruling party as a threat to their senior leader and minister Mohanamba aka Mohana who is set to contest the upcoming election from the seat. Mohana's effort to tempt him out of her way is unsuccessful. Mohana's relative "Salpatta" Vasu, a wealthy businessman, sends henchmen to kill Veluthambi and his comrades. Veluthambi fights off the henchmen even as his comrades are burnt in a hut. However, the local police inspector (accompanying the henchmen) shoots him to death. The police tries to silence the resultant uproar among the people. But things get complicated as Jeeva, a senior journalist from Dina Madal comes in and tries to gather the truth for publication. Mohana unsuccessfully tries to silence Jeeva. Later, the editor of Dina Madal dismisses Jeeva, who then finds job in another newspaper. He writes about Veluthambi's murder in the editorial. This time, henchmen enter his house and break things as a warning. Later, another group of henchmen try to harm Jeeva. His son Kumaran interferes and fights them off.

Kumaran, who is a third year B.A. English Literature student, is in love with Vaani, Vasu's daughter. But after learning that it was Vasu who set men to harm his father, he shuns Vaani. The latter visits Kumaran's house, pretending to seek Jeeva's guidance for learning journalism. Amused at her true motive, Jeeva accepts her as an assistant but leaves his son to decide over her love proposal. Kumaran sends away Vaani, saying that if something happens to his father on account of their love, the society will be at loss. Jeeva meets Vasu to seek his consent for the relationship. Vasu insults Jeeva, and plans to arrange a groom for Vaani at the earliest. He then orders his men to lock her away. But Kumaran stealthily picks her up and marries her in a function held at a temple.

Later, Jeeva is dismissed from the present newspaper too, which distances itself from his news regarding Mohana's role in the killing of Veluthambi.  Jeeva learns that Vasu has purchased the entire agency. He vows to unmask Vasu, Mohana and the newspaper in front of all.

In a parallel plot, Rekha develops an interest in Karan, her fellow tenant. While on a journey to meet her mother, her bus is interrupted by some men who abduct her and keeps her in a remote place. Vasu is shown to be behind this incident. He tries to violate Rekha but she escapes. As she is fleeing Vasu's men, she comes across Karan. As one of the henchmen nears her, she inches away and falls to her death off a cliff, despite Karan's effort to save her.

Later, Jeeva sues Mohana for Veluthambi's murder and the court takes up the case. Hoping to finish off Jeeva, Vasu arranges for a bomb to be secretly planted in his car. It is supposed to explode during Jeeva's journey to the court. After he departs with his lawyer, his wife discovers that he has forgotten to take the audiotape evidence (against Mohana). She asks Kumaran to follow the car and give it to his father. Kumaran leaves with Karan and catches up with the car. He gives the tape to his father and tries to manoeuvre the car with Karan's help. As he test-drives the car alone, the bomb explodes, killing Kumaran. The devastated Jeeva lets Vaani keep Kumaran's ashes instead of dissolving it in water (as per customs).

The police claims that Kumaran's death was accidental. Karan vows to expose the murderers. He captures two of the perpetrators and brings them before Jeeva, asking him to write about them and reveal the truth to all. Jeeva expresses his frustration with the entire system. Through his impassioned speech, Karan tries to infuse him with new courage but in vain. Later, Vasu's henchmen attack Karan's companions. They are afraid of the safety of their families and prepare to leave Karan. He becomes furious and reinvigorates them through his passionate speech. He then joins hands with Jeeva and start a daily newspaper called Mudhal Kural, through which they continue to voice against the establishment.

As Vaani and Karan go out together, Vasu spots them. He becomes angry and confronts Jeeva, accusing him of misleading Vaani. Both Vaani and Jeeva could shoulder him. Jeeva tries to bring Vaani in marriage with Karan. But Vaani appears in traditional widow's garb before Jeeva, his wife, and Karan's younger paternal uncle and aunt as they discuss the marriage. She fears that her ties with Jeeva and his wife will be severed if she remarries. Th couple accept her decision with grief.

Later, Vaani and Karan secretly reach Vasu's residence and videotape his incriminating conversation with Mohana and an agent connected with their ship scam. Karan's companion Vinoth asks them to submit the tape to Jeeva, and leaves, taking the camera alone. He then turns up at Jeeva's office with bullet wounds, saying that he offered to get trapped at Vasu's residence, while Vaani and Karan have escaped into the forest for safety. He requests Jeeva to save them at any cost. Jeeva takes the issue to the inspector, who asks him to meet Mohana. Jeeva meets her and offers to destroy the evidences against her in return for Vaani's and Karan's lives. Mohana taunts him and asks him to meet her with a petition. Jeeva gives her a stern warning. Mohana asks two constables to assault him. Jeeva is also beaten up by some henchmen.

Vaani and Karan are captured by another group of henchmen, who torture them in an attempt to know the location of the tape. Meanwhile, the hospitalised Jeeva is devastated to hear news of his office being set on fire and the death of his wife at the hands of the henchmen. He finds the inspector and shoot him to death. In the forest, Vaani frees herself and tries to rescue Karan from the seesaw (with which the henchmen earlier waterboarded Karan) . The henchmen attack the two. While Karan fights them, Vaani falls into the water. Karan rescues her and asks her to reach the court with the tape. Jeeva calls Dina Madal from a telephone booth  and tells the sub-editor that as he is in a challenge with Mohana, he must remain undercover. This statement is published in the paper.

Mohana's partymen invite her for a wedding. Though initially fearing danger from Jeeva, she agrees to participate with heavy security. Meanwhile, Vasu – unaware of Vaani's and Karan's escape – asks one of his men to kill them, as they firmly refused to reveal the tape's location.

Mohana arrives at the wedding with security cover. As she ascends the dais, policemen entrusted with her security notice a suspicious man in the garb of a godman. As they approach him, he leaves the place. He then assaults a server and assumes his role. As Mohana leaves after the wedding feast, Jeeva appears before her and shoots her. Briefly after, he too is shot by the chief security officer amidst chaos in the wedding hall. Despite his injury, he sees Mohana escaping through a glass exit. He throws an axe-like tool towards that door. This shatters the glass which falls on Mohana, killing her. Jeeva is later produced in court. The judge asks him if he has killed the inspector and Mohana. Jeeva asks the judge if Krishna, Vanchinathan and Bhagat Singh can be considered as murderers.

At the same time, Karan finds Vasu and strangles him. The film ends with him going to jail.

Cast
Sivaji Ganesan as Jeeva
Arjun Sarja as Karan
Kanaka as Vaani
Vijayakumar as Veluthambi
Anand as Kumaran
Manjula as Mohanamba
Jayabharathi
Sreeja as Rekha
Jai Ganesh as "Salpatta" Vasu
Chinni Jayanth as Vinoth
Charle
Thennavan
M. S. Bhaskar

Production

To write dialogues for the film, V. C. Guhanathan approached Suba Veerapandian (his colleague in pro-Eelam activism; younger brother of director S. P. Muthuraman whom Guhanathan introduced into Tamil cinema as director). Veerapandian accepted the offer after some initial reluctance. He paired with his colleague Peer Muhamad and in about two weeks, wrote dialogues for about 60 scenes.  At a point, Veerapandian and Guhanathan differed over the portrayal of the female lead after she becomes a widow. Being a rationalist, Veerapandian argued that the heroine has revolutionary ideals and therefore need not be portrayed in a white saree (attire of a traditional Hindu widow). Guhanathan maintained "There are some sentiments pertaining to cinema. Women [in the audience] will not accept if we do as you say". As it was Guhanathan who was in charge of the production, Veerapandian chose not to stress on his opinion. However, in the film, Jeeva can be seen questioning the relevance of the widowhood rituals. This was the point at which Veerapandian and Guhanathan decided to end their film partnership and collaborate only in pro-Eelam activities. Veerapandian also insisted on not being named in the film credits, as only 10 of the 60 scenes he wrote made their way into the final script. After watching Kanaka's performance in Karakattakkaran (1989), Guhanathan and Veerapandian selected her to play the female lead Vaani.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Chandrabose, with lyrics by Pulamaipithan.

References

Bibliography

External links

1990s Tamil-language films
1992 action drama films
1992 films
Films directed by V. C. Guhanathan
Films scored by Chandrabose (composer)
Indian action drama films


title: Paarambariyam

text:
Paarambariyam () is a 1993 Indian Tamil language film, directed by  Manobala and produced by R. Jambunathan. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, B. Saroja Devi and Pandiyan. It was released on 13 November 1993.

Plot

Cast
Sivaji Ganesan as Rajamannar
B. Saroja Devi as Meenakshi
Pandiyan as Sekar
Nirosha as Radha
Chithra as Vimala
V. K. Ramasamy as Balakrishnan
Malaysia Vasudevan as Aandiyappan
Vennira Aadai Moorthy as Vadivel
Senthil as Broker Kanthasamy
Gandhimathi
Idichapuli Selvaraj
Periya Karuppu Thevar

Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by Shankar–Ganesh.
"Ilam Pookkale" – K. S. Chithra
"Rajadhi Raja" – Mano
"Sandhana Kaatru" – Mano, Chithra
"Enga Ooru Rasa" – Mano, Vani Jairam
"Yelapoo" – Vani Jairam
"Simma Kuralukum" – Malaysia Vasudevan, P. Susheela
"Thanga Mugathile" – Vani Jairam

References

External links

1990s Tamil-language films
1993 films
Films directed by Manobala
Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh


title: Warren Druetzler

text:
Warren Oliver Druetzler (June 8, 1929 – September 21, 2017) was an American athlete, who competed mainly in the 1500 m.  Druetzler was a finalist in the 1500 m at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

College career
Growing up in Illinois, he ran for Lyons Township High School where he set the state record in the mile that stood for 23 years.  He was the 1947 IHSA State Champion.

In cross country running Druetzler was a 3-time NCAA top-10 placer and national runner-up (1950) individually for the Michigan State Spartans.  He was also a member of two national champion teams (1948 and 1949) and one runner-up team (1950) at the NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship.

In track and field Druetzler won the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships title in the mile run in 1951.  He was also a member of the 4x880 yard relay team that set the world record in 1950.  That year he was also the United States national champion in the 3000 meters steeplechase.

He continued in the sport as an official.

Olympic career
At the 1952 Olympics Druetzler won his heat, finished 4th in his semi-final, and finished 12th in the final.

Military career
Druetzler served in the United States Army where he achieved the rank of Captain by the time he retired from the reserves.

References

1929 births
2017 deaths
American male middle-distance runners
American male steeplechase runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Track and field athletes from Chicago
Athletics (track and field) administrators
American referees and umpires
United States Army officers
United States Army reservists
Military personnel from Illinois


title: John L. McCrea

text:
John L. McCrea (29 May 1891 – 25 January 1990) was an American naval officer of World War I and World War II, and later an insurance executive.

Navy career
McCrea was graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and commissioned an ensign in 1915.
He served on the battleships  and then in 1919 on the .  He was the watch officer aboard the New York on November 21, 1918, who recorded the surrender of the Imperial German Navy High Seas Fleet in her log.

In 1921 he served on several destroyers:  , , and .
In 1922 he was executive officer of the replenishment oiler .
He attended the Naval War College in 1923.
His first command came in 1924, on the minesweeper .

He was assigned to the Office of the Judge Advocate General in 1926,
and completed his law degree in 1929.
Immediately thereafter, he was Flag secretary of the Special Service Squadron in  Central America.
He became an aide to the Judge Advocate General in 1932, completed a master of law degree at GWU in 1934.
From there he reported aboard the heavy cruiser , where he was navigator.

He was promoted to commander in 1936 and assigned as executive officer of the Guam Naval Station and aide for civil administration.
In 1938 he returned to battleship service as executive officer of the .

He became an aide to CNO Harold Stark in September 1940.  He was naval secretary at the Arcadia Conference, and made a personal visit to deliver revised war plans to senior naval commanders in the Pacific.

He was promoted to captain in 1942, and was appointed President Franklin D. Roosevelt's naval aide.  In that capacity, he established the White House Map Room, and accompanied Roosevelt to the January 1943 Casablanca conference, and took notes.
He took command of the newly commissioned battleship ; he was a plankowner.  While he commanded her, February 22, 1943 to August 1944, Iowa transported President Roosevelt across the Atlantic to the Cairo Conference, and to Algeria en route to the Teheran Conference.

He was promoted to Rear Admiral August 6, 1944, and took command of Cruiser Division 3.  He served under Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher in the Northern and Western Pacific, commanding Task Force 92 in attacks on the Kuriles.
He was Deputy Chief of Naval Operations in 1946, Deputy CINCPACFLT in 1948, and Director, Personnel Policy Board from 1949.
He commanded 1st Naval District, Boston, from February 1952 until he retired from the Navy in 1953.

Post Navy
He was  a vice president for client relations at John Hancock Life Insurance Company in Boston until he retired in 1966.

References

Further reading

External links

  Suggests US conspiracy to allow attack on Pearl Harbor

People from Sanilac County, Michigan
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Navy admirals
George Washington University Law School alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War I
United States Navy World War II admirals
American business executives
American businesspeople in insurance
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Deaths in Massachusetts
1891 births
1990 deaths


title: W. Eugene Page

text:
W. Eugene Page was an early 20th-century performing artist who made records with Victor. He was considered a virtuoso on the mandolin, and played marimbaphone, banjo and mandola as well.

He toured with his performing company, The Eugene Page concert company as part of the Chautauqua movement. Members included Page on mandolin; Florence Phelps McCune also on mandolin; Emma McDonald, violincello, and Signor Innocenrio Zito, harp.

Recordings

Page made 5 commercial recordings with Victor Records
 La della (W. Eugene Page mandolin ; D. F. Ramseyer harp guitar)
 Mobile prance (W. Eugene Page mandolin ; D. F. Ramseyer harp guitar)
 Tipica polka (W. Eugene Page mandolin ; D. F. Ramseyer harp guitar. Composed by Carlo Curti.
 Mobile prance (Roy Butin harp guitar ; W. Eugene Page mandolin)
Polka scherzo (Roy Butin harp guitar ; W. Eugene Page mandolin

References

External links
 Library of Congress online recordings of W. Eugene Page.
 1906 advertisement for William C. Sherman, that said he was a pupil of Page and called Page a virtuoso. Column 1
 Short bio of Page with 2 announcement flyers.
 Flyer for other members of the Chautauqua movement that Page was part of. Arthur Wells and Clay Smith, both multi-instrumentalists that played mandolin.

American performance artists
American classical mandolinists
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Proma Tagore

text:
Proma Tagore is a Canadian poet and editor, who was awarded an Honour of Distinction from the Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBT writers in 2014.

Born in Kolkata, India, Tagore emigrated to Canada with her family at the age of four. She resides in Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia.

She has published a poetry collection, language is not the only thing that breaks, and a non-fiction work of literary analysis, The Shapes of Silence: Writing by Women of Colour and the Politics of Testimony. She was also editor of In Our Own Voices: Learning and Teaching Toward Decolonisation, an anthology of essays by students and educators on the subject of racial discrimination and decolonization.

Works
In Our Own Voices: Learning and Teaching Toward Decolonisation (Larkuma Press, 2006. )
The Shapes of Silence: Writing by Women of Colour and the Politics of Testimony (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009. )
language is not the only thing that breaks (Arsenal Pulp Press, 2011. )

References

Canadian women poets
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian editors
Canadian women editors
Canadian literary critics
Canadian women literary critics
Living people
Indian emigrants to Canada
Canadian LGBT poets
Canadian writers of Asian descent
Writers from Kolkata
Poets from Vancouver
21st-century Canadian women writers
Canadian women non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Canadian LGBT people


title: Ravinder Singh Khaira

text:
Ravinder Singh Khaira (born 19 March 1986) is an Indian javelin thrower. He is representing India at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland.

Early life
Ravinder Singh Khaira was born on 19 March 1986 in Rampura, in the Bhatinda district of Punjab, India. His father Hardeep Singh Khaira is a physical education teacher who played a major role in his son taking up sports as a career option. He took up volleyball initially and competed in state and national championships. However, in 2005, Ravinder opted for javelin throw and began training. In 2008, he moved to Melbourne, Australia, for training under better facilities and got himself enrolled in the Victoria Institute of Sports. He simultaneously worked as a part-time taxi driver doing his Diploma in Automotives.

Career
In Australia, Khaira won the Victorian Javelin Throw Championship twice. After having secured gold in the 2013 National open athletics championship in Ranchi, he was named in the core list of athletes for the 2014 Commonwealth Games and the 2014 Asian Games. In the same year, he achieved his career best of 78.02 meters, in the National inter-state meet in Lucknow.

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Indian male javelin throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
People from Bathinda district
Athletes from Punjab, India
Commonwealth Games competitors for India


title: Canvas fingerprinting

text:
Canvas fingerprinting is one of a number of browser fingerprinting techniques for tracking online users that allow websites to identify and track visitors using the HTML5 canvas element instead of browser cookies or other similar means. The technique received wide media coverage in 2014 after researchers from Princeton University and KU Leuven University described it in their paper The Web never forgets.

Description
Canvas fingerprinting works by exploiting the HTML5 canvas element. As described by Acar et al. in:

Variations in which the graphics processing unit (GPU), or the graphics driver, is installed may cause the fingerprint variation. The fingerprint can be stored and shared with advertising partners to identify users when they visit affiliated websites. A profile can be created from the user's browsing activity, allowing advertisers to target advertise to the user's inferred demographics and preferences.

By January 2022, the concept was extended to fingerprinting performance characteristics of the graphics hardware, called  by the researchers.

Uniqueness
Since the fingerprint is primarily based on the browser, operating system, and installed graphics hardware, it does not uniquely identify users. In a small-scale study with 294 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, an experimental entropy of 5.7 bits was observed. The authors of the study suggest more entropy could likely be observed in the wild and with more patterns used in the fingerprint. While not sufficient to identify individual users by itself, this fingerprint could be combined with other entropy sources to provide a unique identifier. It is claimed that because the technique is effectively fingerprinting the GPU, the entropy is "orthogonal" to the entropy of previous browser fingerprint techniques such as screen resolution and browser JavaScript capabilities.

Much more unique identification becomes possible with , published in 2022, which was shown to boost tracking duration of individual fingerprints by 67% when used to enhance other methods.

History
In May 2012, Keaton Mowery and Hovav Shacham, researchers at University of California, San Diego, wrote a paper Pixel Perfect: Fingerprinting Canvas in HTML5 describing how the HTML5 canvas could be used to create digital fingerprints of web users.

Social bookmarking technology company AddThis began experimenting with canvas fingerprinting early in 2014 as a potential replacement for cookies. 5% of the top 100,000 websites used canvas fingerprinting while it was deployed. According to AddThis CEO Richard Harris, the company has only used data collected from these tests to conduct internal research. Users will be able to install an opt-out cookie on any computer to prevent being tracked by AddThis with canvas fingerprinting.

A software developer writing in Forbes stated that device fingerprinting has been utilized for the purpose of preventing unauthorized access to systems long before it was used for tracking users without their consent.

As of 2014 the technique is widespread in many websites, used by at least a dozen high-profile web ads and user tracking suppliers.

In 2022, the capabilities of canvas fingerprinting were much deepened by taking minute differences between nominally identical units of the same GPU model into account. Those differences are rooted in the manufacturing process, making units more deterministic over time than between identical copies.

Mitigation
Tor Project reference documentation states, "After plugins and plugin-provided information, we believe that the HTML5 Canvas is the single largest fingerprinting threat browsers face today." Tor Browser notifies the user of canvas read attempts and provides the option to return blank image data to prevent fingerprinting. However, Tor Browser is currently unable to distinguish between legitimate uses of the canvas element and fingerprinting efforts, so its warning cannot be taken as proof of a website's intent to identify and track its visitors. Browser add-ons like Privacy Badger, DoNotTrackMe, or Adblock Plus manually enhanced with EasyPrivacy list are able to block third-party ad network trackers and can be configured to block canvas fingerprinting, provided that the tracker is served by a third party server (as opposed to being implemented by the visited website itself). Canvas Defender, a browser add-on, spoofs Canvas fingerprints.

The LibreWolf browser project includes technology to block access to the HTML5 canvas by default, only allowing it in specific instances green-lit by the user.

See also
 Evercookie – a type of browser cookie that is intentionally difficult to delete
 Local shared object – a persistent browser cookie also known as a Flash cookie
 Web storage –  web application software methods and protocols used for storing data in a web browser

References

External links
 https://browserleaks.com/canvas
 Canvas Defender by: multiloginapp.com at chrome web store
 Canvas Defender by: multiloginapp.com at addons.mozilla.org
 Canvas Defender  at multiloginapp.com

Fingerprinting algorithms
Internet privacy
Web analytics


title: The Voice van Vlaanderen (season 3)

text:
The Voice van Vlaanderen is a Belgian reality talent show. The third season of the Flemish version premiered on 7 February 2014 on the vtm television network. The season's finale was on 23 May 2014

Only one of the four coaches for seasons 1 and 2 Koen Wauters remained this season. The other three judges for seasons 1 and 2, Alex Callier, Jasper Steverlinck (winning coach of both seasons) and Natalia Druyts were replaced by Belgian DJ and record producer Regi Penxten, singer Axelle Red and musician, singer and songwriter Bent Van Looy. The title was won by Tom De Man from Team Bent Van Looy.

Contestants
Contestants for the live shows were:

Team Regi
 Cas Vandecruys
 Dunja Mees
 Jamilla Baidou
 Johan Van Royen
 Joke Herremy
 Lisa Gilissen
 Melanie De Saedeleer
 Mikaël Ophoff

Team Koen
 Agnes De Raeve
 Belinda De Bruyn
 Eva De Geyter
 Eva Hendriks
 Laura Tesoro
 Lindsey De Bolster
 Seppe De Rooij
 Steph Van Uytvanck

Team Axelle
 Aurélie Van Rompay
 Dwayne Daeseleire
 Emma Lauwers
 Jessica Ndimubandi
 Koen en Jo Smets
 Laure Mot
 Peter Boone
 Steven Van den Panhuyzen

Team Bent
 Camille Van Wambeke
 Chloé Ditlefsen
 Cristina Sapalo
 Demi Eestermans
 Elie De Prijcker
 Jolan Standaert
 Mandy Nijssen
 Tom De Man

References

3
2014 Belgian television seasons


title: Dzi Gervacio

text:
Angeline Marie Gervacio, also known as Dzi Gervacio, is a Filipino volleyball player. She is a former Ateneo Lady Eagles player and plays for the Petro Gazz Angels. She is known as the Queen of Jump Serve.

Career
Gervacio won the WNCAA Juniors Division Best Attacker award in 2006 and 2007. After completing her undergraduate studies at the Ateneo de Manila University and her UAAP career in March 2013, ending the Fab 5 era, Gervacio began her law studies at the same university.

On October 22, 2014, Gervacio joined Foton Tornadoes in the 2014 Grand Prix conference of the Philippine Super Liga (PSL) as a last-minute replacement for the injured attacker Joey Torrijos. She clarified that her participation with the Tornadoes would limited expected to miss some games as the tournament progresses because of her school schedule. During the 2015 PSL All-Filipino Conference, Gervacio suffered an injury in her left knee and taken to the Makati Medical Center while playing for Foton against Philips Gold. Later she was diagnosed through MRI that she had a displaced patella and suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury. She returned to play the Shakey's V-League 13th Season Open Conference with BaliPure Purest Water Defenders.

In 2021, Gervacio decided to focus on beach volleyball joining the Creamline Cool Smashers. In January of the following year, she returned to indoor volleyball joining the F2 Logistics Cargo Movers if the Premier Volleyball League (PVL)

Clubs
  Foton Tornadoes (2014-2015)
  BaliPure Purest Water Defenders (2016)
  Perlas Spikers (2017–2019)
  Creamline Cool Smashers (2021; beach volleyball)
  F2 Logistics Cargo Movers (2022-2023)
  Petro Gazz Angels (2023-present)

Awards

Individual
 2006 WNCAA Juniors Girls' Volleyball "Best attacker"
 2007 WNCAA Juniors Girls' Volleyball "Best attacker"
 2019 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference "Best opposite spiker"

National Team
 2019 Southeast Asian Games - Beach Volleyball -   Bronze medal, with Cherry Ann Rondina

Club
 2016 Shakey's V-League 13th Season Open Conference -  Bronze medal, with BaliPure Purest Water Defenders
 2016 Shakey's V-League 13th Season Reinforced Open Conference -  Bronze medal, with BaliPure Purest Water Defenders
 2018 Premier Volleyball League Reinforced Conference -  Bronze medal, with Perlas Spikers
 2018 Premier Volleyball League Open Conference -  Bronze medal, with Perlas Spikers
 2019 Premier Volleyball League Open Conference -  Bronze medal, with Perlas Spikers

References

Filipino women's volleyball players
Living people
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
University Athletic Association of the Philippines volleyball players
Opposite hitters
1991 births
Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games
SEA Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games medalists in volleyball
Filipino women's beach volleyball players
21st-century Filipino women


title: Klenjë

text:
Klenjë () is a village in the former Trebisht Municipality in Dibër County in northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Bulqizë. It is situated with in the Gollobordë region, near the border with North Macedonia.

History
During the Balkan Wars, one man from the village joined the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps in Bulgarian Army.

Demographic history
Klenjë (Kilani) is recorded in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as a settlement in the timar of Hacı Hamza in the vilayet of Dulgoberda. The village had a total of three households represented by Dimitri Susjabi (possibly, Sycjapi); Gjurçe, the grandson or brother-in-law of Dimitri; and Miho Tishani. The surname Susjabi is likely a compound of Albanian sy ("eye") + cjap ("billy goat").

A Bulgarian demographic survey of the population of the village, done in 1873, recorded the village as having 100 households with 196 male Bulgarian Christian residents and 120 male Muslim (Pomak) residents.

According to statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Klenjë was inhabited by 1240 Christian Bulgarians and 230 Muslim Bulgarians. However, Kanchov noted that the inhabitants of the village preferred to be called Albanians and that they spoke Albanian.

The inhabitants of Klenjë are speakers of a Eastern South Slavic language and the village has traditionally contained a Torbeš population.

According to a 2007 estimate, Klenjë's population was 207.

People from Klenjë
Cvetan Zafir Mazniku, author in Macedonian-Albanian folklore topics
Sterjo Budin Budini, master builder and member of National Assembly for three consecutive legislatures (1962-1974).

References

Populated places in Bulqizë
Villages in Dibër County
Torbeši settlements


title: Christmas Shopping (album)

text:
Christmas Shopping is a Christmas album by Buck Owens and His Buckaroos released in 1968 charting for one week at # 31 on Billboard'''s Best Best For Christmas Album chart. It is his second holiday-themed album, following 1965's Christmas with Buck Owens''.

It was re-issued on CD by Sundazed Records in 1999, and again via digital download in 2011.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Cub Koda called the album "a more slickly produced album than its predecessor."

Track listing
All songs by Buck Owens unless otherwise noted.

Side one
"Christmas Shopping" – 2:18
"Christmas Time Is Near" (Owens, Red Simpson) – 3:00
"The Jolly Christmas Polka" – 2:15 (instrumental)
"All I Want for Christmas Is My Daddy" (Owens, Jimmy Snyder) – 2:51
"Merry Christmas from Our House to Yours" – 2:50
"Good Old Fashioned Country Christmas" (Owens, Earl Poole Ball) – 2:36

Side two
"One of Everything You Got" (Owens, Bob Morris) – 2:24
"Home on Christmas Day" – 2:13
"Christmas Schottische" – 2:05 (instrumental)
"A Very Merry Christmas" – 2:29
"It's Not What You Give" (Owens, Morris) – 3:03
"Tomorrow Is Christmas Day" (Owens, Don Rich) – 1:59

References

1968 Christmas albums
Buck Owens albums
Capitol Records Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Albums produced by Ken Nelson (United States record producer)
Country Christmas albums
Albums recorded at Capitol Studios


title: Copa Metropolitana

text:
The Campeonato da Região Metropolitana, commonly known as the Copa Metropolitana, is an annual competition organized by the Rio Grande do Sul state football federation for clubs that are in the first, second and third divisions of the Campeonato Gaúcho and are located in the Metropolitan Porto Alegre. It is held in the second half of the year and usually clubs participating in the higher levels of the Campeonato Brasileiro do not participate with the first team squad, using his academy.

The competition was founded in 2013, being a qualifying tournament for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where the winner ensures participation in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D of the following year. The Copa Metropolitana occasionally receive a different name, honoring important people related to football in Rio Grande do Sul. The 2014 edition is called Copa Nestor Ludwig, in posthumous tribute to former Internacional director who died in September 2013.

The current holders are Novo Hamburgo, having beaten Internacional by 2–1 aggregate in the 2013 finals. With this title, the Novo Hamburgo became the first winner of the Copa Metropolitana in history.

History

Over the past decades, one of the major problems of Brazilian football has been the lack of an annual schedule for smaller clubs. These teams usually played in the state leagues and in the rest of the year closed, only reopening in the following year. Thus, FGF decided to create new competitions for this to not occur more, creating three regional tournaments: the Copa Metropolitana, the Copa Serrana and the Copa Sul-Fronteira. Along with the traditional domestic cup, the Copa FGF, the winners qualify for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where the four clubs play a qualification for the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D and also a place in the dispute of the state supercup, the Recopa Gaúcha, against the champion of the Campeonato Gaúcho.

The first edition of the Copa Metropolitana was held in the second half of 2013, with the participation of eight clubs of the metropolitan region. The finals was played between Novo Hamburgo, winner of the first round, and Internacional, winner of the second round. The Novo Hamburgo won by 2–1 aggregate, winning the first title.

Format

Competition
In the first stage, all teams face off in round-robin, which will qualify the top four for the next phase, known as the semi-finals. At this stage, the first placed facing the fourth place and second place playing against the third placed in two matches each. The winners face off in the final two matches to define the winner of the competition.

Qualification for competitions
The Copa Metropolitana winners qualify for the Super Copa Gaúcha, where it will have the opportunity to qualify for next year's Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The winner of the Super Copa Gaúcha also dispute the Recopa Gaúcha, against the winner of Campeonato Gaúcho at the beginning of next season.

Clubs
Having been established in 2013, the Copa Metropolitana is played by clubs located in the Metropolitan Porto Alegre and compete in the first, second or third division of the Campeonato Gaúcho. In some cases, clubs outside the metropolitan region compete in the tournament, occupying the space left by Grêmio or Internacional, who do not play together the competition because are very large compared to others teams and theoretically make unequal competition. Thus, one often dispute the Copa Serrana or the Copa Sul-Fronteira. The following 7 clubs will compete in the Copa Metropolitana during the 2014 edition.

Records and statistics

List of champions
Below is the complete list of winners and runners-up of the competition.

Goalscorers
Are exposed here the goalscorers of all editions of the competition.

See also
Campeonato Gaúcho
Campeonato Gaúcho (lower levels)
Copa FGF
Copa Sul-Fronteira
Copa Serrana

References

External links
FGF website. Federação Gaúcha de Futebol.

State football cup competitions in Brazil
Football competitions in Rio Grande do Sul


title: Abraham Lincoln: A History

text:
Abraham Lincoln: A History is an 1890 ten-volume account of the life and times of Abraham Lincoln, written by John Nicolay and John Hay, who were his personal secretaries during the American Civil War.

Writing history
Early in his presidency, Hay and Nicolay requested and received permission from Lincoln to write his biography. In the first years after Lincoln's death, Hay and Nicolay were not encouraged to publish such a work—Representative Isaac Newton Arnold, a Lincoln supporter, had quickly published a substantial Lincoln biography, and publishers were not eager for another. Further, the permission of Robert Lincoln, who controlled his father's papers, would have to be gained. Lincoln's former secretaries decided to wait until they had sufficient time and money.

The often-dormant proposal to write the biography was given new impetus as they came to believe Lincoln's historical image was being distorted. Ward Hill Lamon in 1872 published a biography of Lincoln based on research by William Herndon, Lincoln's law partner.  Lamon's book first made widely known many of the early accounts of Lincoln's life, such as those regarding Ann Rutledge, whom Lamon related Lincoln had loved and whose death devastated him. Without access to his papers, these early biographers focused on these episodes told of the young Lincoln, that fascinated the public. The Lincoln family believed some of these distorted or untrue, and in any event disrespectful. Also becoming popular were interpretations of the war that minimized Southern blame, with the bravery of the soldiers stressed in the name of sectional reconciliation. Popular fiction, such as that by Joel Chandler Harris, pressed a nostalgic view of the Old South.

By 1872, Hay was "convinced that we ought to be at work on our 'Lincoln.' I don't think the time for publication has come, but the time for preparation is slipping away." Robert Lincoln, Lincoln's surviving child, in 1874 formally agreed to let Hay and Nicolay use his father's papers; by 1875, they were engaged in research. Hay and Nicolay enjoyed exclusive access to Lincoln's papers, which were not opened to other researchers until 1947. They gathered documents written by others, as well as many of the Civil War books already being published.  They at rare times relied on memory, such as Nicolay's recollection of the moment at the 1860 Republican convention when Lincoln was nominated, but for much of the rest relied on research. The research was so extensive that in their published work, Hay and Nicolay sometimes wrote that no records exist on certain points—statements that later proved to be premature.

Hay began his part of the writing in 1876; the work was interrupted by illnesses of Hay, Nicolay, or family members, or by Hay's writing of The Bread-Winners. When Hay was in Washington as Assistant Secretary of State in 1879–81, and after Hay returned to Washington in 1885, he and Nicolay (then the Marshal of the Supreme Court) would walk to each other's house with chapter drafts or research materials. In 1881, after his temporary service as editor of the Tribune in Whitelaw Reid's absence, he agreed to do unsigned Civil War book reviews for the Tribune, but when asked to do obituaries as well, refused, "I have not read any thing this winter except what bears on one subject".

By 1885, Hay had completed the chapters on Lincoln's early life, and they were submitted to Robert Lincoln.  Robert retained the right of approval of the text, and required a number of changes; for example, he felt the depiction of Lincoln's father Thomas showed him as too shiftless. Sometimes Hay and Nicolay alternated chapters, and sometimes one took responsibility for an entire volume.

Publication
Sale of the serialization rights to The Century magazine, edited by Hay's friend Richard Watson Gilder, helped give Hay and Nicolay the impetus to bring what had become a massive project to a whole. Gilder, for his part, tried to keep the perspective from becoming too partisan in favor of the North, as The Century was a national magazine with a diverse readership.

The published work, Abraham Lincoln: A History, has an alternation of parts in which Lincoln is at center, and discussions of contextual matters such as legislative events or battles. The first serial installment, published in November 1886, received positive reviews, though some, including Herndon, considered the contextual sections dull. Life magazine proposed a party game, to locate five references to Lincoln in a given installment, assuming there were any to be found. When the ten-volume set emerged in 1890, it was not sold in bookstores, but instead door-to-door, the practice followed then by noted authors like Twain. Despite a price of $50, and the fact that a good part of the work had been serialized, five thousand copies were quickly sold.

Interpretation
Robert L. Gale noted that Hay and Nicolay "emerge as Protestant Christian defenders of Unionism, of Constitutional abolition [of slavery], of the Republican party, and of a martyred president who was almost divine because of the comprehensiveness of his supernal intelligence and charitable heart." Kushner and Sherrill opined that the biography "became the Lincoln gospel according to St. John and St. Nico, who like 'two everlasting Angels,' would transmit to their fellows the truth about their hero". According to historian Joshua Zeitz:

References

Bibliography

Books

Journals and other sources

Versions online

The ten volume work by John George Nicolay and John Milton Hay, originally published in 1890, is in the public domain :

Biographies of Abraham Lincoln
1890 non-fiction books
Books by John Hay


title: Njangalude Veettile Athidhikal

text:
Njangalude Veettile Athidhikal () is a 2014 Malayalam-language family drama film directed by Sibi Malayil. It stars Jayaram, after a long gap, opposite Priyamani in the lead; Priyamani has been paired up with Jayaram for the first time. Narain, Innocent, Kalabhavan Shajon, and Lena play significant roles in the film. The movie is penned by K. Gireesh Kumar. The background score and soundtrack are composed by Bijibal and Ratheesh Vega respectively. Kalabhavan Shajon debuts as a singer in the film through the song Maaye Maaye.

The film is produced by Milan Jaleel under his banner Galaxy Films. Popcorn Entertainments Australia distributed the film all over Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and Malaysia. The film released on 23 October 2014 coinciding with the Diwali festival with mixed reviews.

Plot

The film's story revolves around Advocate Manoj and Bhavana played by Jayaram and Priyamani, respectively. Their life takes a turn when their only daughter meets a tragic death. The demise of their daughter leads to a gap between them. Eventually, Bhavana will start doubting her husband of having an extramarital affair. The film then talks about some uninvited guests, who come into their life and how they influence the couple and their life.

Cast
Jayaram as Manoj
Priyamani as Bhavana
Narain as Rajiv Menon
Innocent as Sreedharan
Kalabhavan Shajon as Rajan
Lena as Maya
KPAC Lalitha as Manoj mother
Noby Marcose as Lalu
Niyas Backar as Priyan
Manju Pathrose as Rajani
Antony Thekkek
M.G. Sasi

Critics review

Paresh C Palicha of rediff.com rated 2/5 stars and wrote "The film cannot be taken seriously and it turns out to be a miserable disappointment". Cochintalkies.com rated 2/5 stars and said "Watchable, But do not expect anything. A movie made out of desperation that would the exact sentence to define this movie. Njangalude Veettile Adhithikal with no doubt has a good story but mediocre script and lousy direction has ruined this movie Sify.com gave "below average" verdict and stated "There is no point in mincing words, Njangalude Veettile Adhithikal tests the patience of the viewer big time. Watch it at your own risk please!". Indiaglitz.com rated 5/10 stars and wrote "Even after with a  convincing story and decent performances from  the key players, the movie fails to impress, enthuse or amuse at any points of its narratives. The problem with the movie is that the whole theme is handled in a inept matter by K Gireesh kumar, whose script lines fail to bringing any impressions."

Nowrunning.com rated 1.5/5 stars and gave a "poor" verdict and wrote "From the levels of a normal family drama, the movie attempts to become a psychological thriller. Technically the movie doesn't bear the stamp of an experienced director. 'Njangalude Veettile Athidhikal' in all likelihood will struggle in theatres like uninvited guests in a party.". Unni R Nair of Kerala9.com rated 2/5 stars and said "The film seems just about OK, but fails to impress; it once again proves that it’s the script that makes or mars it all. In this case the script mars it all, despite the story being convincing and the key players delivering rather decent performances. The film, on the whole, fails to impress, excite or entertain." and concluded as "Unimpressive; poor scripting mars it all....Forgettable!!!".

The Times of India rated 3/5 stars and wrote "As likely as not it deals with a subject related to a mental malady, audience see the ghost of Manichithrathazhu here and there. One also wonders why certain scenes which could have been handled better with situational comedy. Overall the film is worth a watch for the subject that Siby Malayil has tried to deal with and has its heart in the right place.".

Music

Composer Ratheesh Vega's album features three tracks. One is sung by actor Shajon and the rest by newbie singers. Though it boasts of no musical novelty, it's a playlist-friendly album with one melodic fast number and two other soft melodies. Shajon debuts as a singer through singing the track Maaye Maaye penned by Santosh Varma. The song is rhythmic and has a folk feel. Mazhavil Thundu by Sanup is a melody that sets up a hazy mood. However, it reminds you of many other hit melodies here and there. The song Oru Naal is included both in the male and female version by Joju Sebastian and Anitha. Rafeeq Ahamed's lyrics for the song are also haunting and romantic.

References

2014 films
Films directed by Sibi Malayil
2010s Malayalam-language films


title: Expatriate Party of New Zealand

text:
The Expatriate Party of New Zealand was an unregistered political party that sought to represent people who consider themselves New Zealanders but who do not reside in New Zealand. It contested one electorate, but not the party vote, at the 2014 general election.

Policies
According to the party's Facebook page, the Expatriate Party sought "to provide representation for, and to promote fairness in the treatment of all members of the mobile global workforce who identify as New Zealanders, irrespective of where they live or their residency or citizenship status."

The party put forward several policies during its 2014 campaign. Its main policy for that election was to create fairer rules to allow New Zealanders to become Australian permanent residents, with the rights to services such as healthcare that this would bring. However, the party made clear it did not intend to seek access to unemployment benefits. It also supported reforms to New Zealand law regarding whether and how expatriates may participate in New Zealand elections (including studying the introduction of electronic voting); reduction of regulation and taxation (which it considers a disincentive for expatriates to remain connected to New Zealand); and stronger social and economic ties with New Zealand's traditional allies.

2014 election
The party spokespeople were Grant Cheesman and Nick Teulon, both of whom were New Zealand-born residents of Australia. By August 2014, the party had announced that it had sufficient numbers to register as a political party in New Zealand, which would have allowed it to contest the 2014 election. However, the registration process was not completed before Writ Day due to issues in verifying registered members, leaving the party unable to contest the party vote. The Expatriate Party ran one electorate candidate at the 2014 elections; Vicky Rose contested the Māori electorate of Ikaroa-Rāwhiti,. She received 70 votes, or 0.32% of the electorate vote, and came last out of the six candidates.

2014–2017
During 2014, the party stated it did not rule out the possibility of participating in Australian elections in the future. However, it did not contest the 2016 Australian election.

Subsequent actions
On 8 February 2017, the party announced on its Facebook page that it had talked with the Electoral Commission about enrolling for the 2017 election, and another post on 3 March stated it had applied for broadcasting funding. However, in August 2017 the party announced they had not achieved the numbers needed to register the party and that it would not contest the election.

References

External links

 Official Facebook page

Expatriate Party
Expatriate Party
Expatriate Party
New Zealand
New Zealand diaspora
Single-issue political parties in New Zealand


title: Badminton at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's singles

text:
The men's singles badminton event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games was held from July 29 to August 3 at the Emirates Arena in Glasgow. The defending gold medalist was Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia, who won in 2006 and 2010. This year, Lee withdrew from the tournament due to an injury.

The athletes were drawn into an elimination stage draw. Once a team lost a match it was no longer able to compete. Each match was contested as the best of three games.

The draw for the competition was done on July 21, 2014.

Seeds
The seeds for the tournament were:

  (Quarterfinals)
  (Champion, gold medalist)
  (Semifinals, fourth place)
  (Quarterfinals)

  (Semifinals, bronze medalist)
  (Final, silver medalist)
  (Quarterfinals)
  (Quarterfinals)

Results

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4

References

Men's singles