title: Killing of Eric Garner

text:
On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner, a 43-year-old African American man, was killed in the New York City borough of Staten Island by Daniel Pantaleo, a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer, after the latter put him in a prohibited chokehold while arresting him. Video footage of the incident generated widespread national attention and raised questions about the use of force by law enforcement.

NYPD officers approached Garner on July 17 on suspicion of selling single cigarettes from packs without tax stamps. After Garner told the police that he was tired of being harassed and that he was not selling cigarettes, the officers attempted to arrest Garner. When Pantaleo placed his hands on Garner, Garner pulled his arms away. Pantaleo then placed his arm around Garner's neck and wrestled him to the ground. With multiple officers pinning him down, Garner repeated the words "I can't breathe" 11 times while lying face down on the sidewalk. After Garner lost consciousness, he remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while the officers waited for an ambulance to arrive. Garner was pronounced dead at an area hospital approximately one hour later.

The medical examiner ruled Eric Garner's death a homicide. Specifically, an autopsy indicated that Garner's death resulted from "[compression] of neck, compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police". Asthma, heart disease, and obesity were cited as contributing factors.

On December 4, 2014, a Richmond County grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo. This decision stirred public protests and rallies, with charges of police brutality made by protesters. By December 28, 2014, at least 50 demonstrations had been held nationwide in response to the Garner case, while hundreds of demonstrations against general police brutality counted Garner as a focal point. On July 13, 2015, an out-of-court settlement was reached, under which the City of New York would pay the Garner family $5.9 million. In 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice declined to bring criminal charges against Pantaleo under federal civil rights laws. On August 2, 2019, at a New York Police Department disciplinary hearing regarding Pantaleo's treatment of Garner, an administrative judge, NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Trials Rosemarie Maldonado, recommended that Pantaleo's employment be terminated. Pantaleo was fired on August 19, 2019, more than five years after Garner's death.

People involved

Eric Garner
Eric Garner (September 15, 1970 – July 17, 2014) was a 43-year-old African American man. He was a horticulturist at the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation before quitting for health reasons. Garner, who was married to Esaw Garner, has been described by his friends as a "neighborhood peacemaker" and as a generous, congenial person. He was the father of six children, had three grandchildren, and at the time of his death had a 3-month-old child.

Garner had been arrested by the NYPD more than 30 times since 1980 on charges such as assault, resisting arrest, and grand larceny. According to an article in The New York Times, many of these arrests had been for allegedly selling unlicensed cigarettes. In 2007, he filed a handwritten complaint in federal court accusing a police officer of conducting a cavity search of him on the street, "digging his fingers in my rectum in the middle of the street" while people passed by. Garner had, according to The New York Times, "recently ... told lawyers at Legal Aid that he intended to take all the cases against him to trial". At the time of the incident, he was out on bail for allegedly selling untaxed cigarettes, driving without a license, marijuana possession, and false personation.

Daniel Pantaleo
At the time of Garner's death, Daniel Pantaleo was a 29-year-old New York City Police Department officer living in Eltingville, Staten Island. He joined the NYPD in 2006 after graduating from Monsignor Farrell High School, and with a bachelor's degree from the College of Staten Island. Pantaleo was the subject of two civil rights lawsuits in 2013 where plaintiffs accused him of falsely arresting them and abusing them. In one of the cases, he and other officers allegedly ordered two black men to strip naked on the street for a search and the charges against the men were dismissed.

Ramsey Orta
Ramsey Orta is a member of Copwatch in New York City who filmed the incident. Following a campaign of alleged police harassment after the video went viral, he was arrested on weapons charges. Al Sharpton made a statement that prosecuting Orta while also calling him as a witness could constitute a conflict of interest.

In February 2015, Orta was incarcerated on Rikers Island. In March 2015, a lockdown was initiated, and he was not permitted to prepare his own food. The prisoners were served meatloaf by the prison officers. After falling ill multiple times after eating food on Rikers, Orta believed he had been deliberately poisoned. He described that the other prisoners fell ill, vomiting blood, but the guards reportedly laughed, and no prisoners were brought to the infirmary. Court documents stated that the prisoners had suffered from various ailments after eating the food. Blue-green pellets were found in the meatloaf, and determined to be brodifacoum, the main ingredient of rat poison. As a result, Orta stopped eating the food, only taking food passed to him from his visiting wife. He has alleged that prison officers booked him on false or trivial offences in a biased manner, resulting in him not being able to receive food from his wife. Orta also claimed that the prison officers have threatened, insulted, and beaten him, and deliberately crushed the food from his wife. Orta stated that when he was initially arrested, a police officer told him it would be better for Orta to kill himself before he was jailed.

After prosecutors questioned whether the money raised for his bail was crowd-sourced legally, Orta was released on bail on April 10, 2015.

In 2016, he was sentenced to four years in prison for weapons and drug charges after accepting a plea deal for which the prosecutor agreed to drop charges against his mother. In May 2020, he was released from Groveland Correctional Facility,
a release in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Events of July 17, 2014

On July 17, 2014, at approximately 3:30 p.m., Garner was approached by a plainclothes police officer, Justin D'Amico, in front of a beauty supply store at 202 Bay Street in Tompkinsville, Staten Island. According to bystanders (including a friend of Garner, Ramsey Orta, who recorded the incident on his cell phone) Garner had just broken up a fight, which may have drawn the attention of the police. Officers confronted Garner and accused him of selling "loosies" (single cigarettes without a tax stamp) in violation of New York state law. Garner is heard on the video saying the following:

When Pantaleo approached Garner from behind and attempted to handcuff him, Garner pulled his arms away, saying, "Don't touch me, please." Pantaleo then placed his arm around Garner's neck and pulled him backward in an attempt to bring him to the ground; in the process, Pantaleo and Garner slammed into a glass window, which did not break. Garner went to his knees and forearms and did not say anything for a few seconds. At that point, three uniformed officers and the two plainclothes officers had surrounded him. After 15 seconds, the video shows Pantaleo removing his arm from around Garner's neck; Pantaleo then used his hands to push Garner's face into the sidewalk while pinning him down. Garner is heard saying "I can't breathe" eleven times while lying face down on the sidewalk. The arrest was supervised by a female African-American NYPD sergeant, Kizzy Adonis, who did not intercede. Adonis was quoted in the original police report as stating, "The perpetrator's condition did not seem serious and he did not appear to get worse."

A police sergeant called an ambulance and indicated that Garner was having trouble breathing, but reportedly added that he "did not appear to be in great distress". Garner lay motionless, handcuffed, and unresponsive for several minutes before an ambulance arrived, as shown in a second video. After Garner lost consciousness, officers turned him onto his side to ease his breathing. Garner remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes. When an ambulance arrived, EMTs checked his pulse but did little else for about two minutes before lifting him onto a stretcher. According to police, Garner had a heart attack while being transported to Richmond University Medical Center. He was pronounced dead at the hospital one hour later.

A funeral was held for Garner on July 23, 2014, at Bethel Baptist Church in Brooklyn. At the funeral, Al Sharpton gave a speech calling for harsher punitive measures to be taken against the officers responsible for the incident.

Immediate aftermath
On July 20, Pantaleo was put on desk duty and stripped of his service handgun and badge. Justin D'Amico was allowed to keep his badge and handgun, but was also placed on desk duty. Four of the EMTs and paramedics who took Garner to the hospital were suspended on July 21. Two of the paramedics were soon returned to their duties, and the remaining two EMTs were doing non-medical work at the hospital pending the Richmond University Medical Center's own investigation into the incident.

Medical examiner's report and autopsy
On August 1, 2014, the New York City Medical Examiner's Office ruled Garner's death a homicide. According to the medical examiner's definition, a homicide is a death caused by the intentional actions of another person or persons, which is not necessarily an intentional death or a criminal death.

Garner's death was also found by the medical examiner to have resulted from "compression of neck (choke hold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police". Asthma and heart disease were cited as contributing factors. Prior to that, on July 19, 2014, The New York Post published a report, citing unnamed sources, claiming the medical examiner had found no damage to Garner's "windpipe or neckbones" during a preliminary autopsy.

Garner's family hired Michael Baden, a former New York City medical examiner, to perform an independent autopsy. Baden agreed with the findings of the Medical Examiner's Office and concluded that Garner's death was primarily caused by "compression of the neck". Baden reported finding hemorrhaging around Garner's neck, which was indicative of neck compression.

Pantaleo's union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, noted that Garner's hyoid bone was not fractured. Barbara Sampson, the New York City medical examiner, said that "It is false that crushing of the windpipe and fracture of the hyoid bone would necessarily be seen at autopsy as the result of a chokehold."

Protests
Sharpton organized a protest in Staten Island on the afternoon of July 19; he condemned the use of a chokehold on Garner, saying that "there is no justification" for it.

On July 28, a protest organized by WalkRunFly Productions and poet Daniel J. Watts was held in Times Square. The protest was in the form of poetry and many Broadway entertainers participated in the event. Al Sharpton originally planned to lead a protest on August 23 in which participants would drive over the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, then travel to the site of the altercation and the office of District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. This idea was scrapped in favor of Sharpton's leading a march along Bay Street in Staten Island, where Garner died; police estimated that over 2,500 people participated in the march.

In March 2015, Assata's Daughters, a Chicago-based black activist group, formed because they saw a lack of response by public officials to Eric Garner's death.

Grand jury

Grand jury deliberation
On August 19, Richmond County (Staten Island) District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. brought evidence against Pantaleo to a grand jury, saying that after considering the medical examiner's findings, his office decided "it is appropriate to present evidence regarding circumstances of his death to a Richmond County Grand Jury." On September 29, the grand jury began hearing evidence in the Garner case. On November 21, Pantaleo testified before the grand jury for about two hours. After considering the case for two months, the grand jury decided on December 3 not to indict Pantaleo.

Under New York law, most of the grand jury proceedings were kept secret, including the exact charges sought by the prosecutor, the autopsy report, and transcripts of testimony. Attempts by the New York Civil Liberties Union and others to gain release of that information have been unsuccessful.

Reaction

Public

After the Staten Island grand jury did not indict Pantaleo on December 3, citizens in New York City and San Francisco gathered in protest, demonstrating with several die-ins, making speeches and rallies against the lack of indictment. On December 5, thousands gathered in protest on the Boston Common in Boston, and then marched in the downtown area, blocking traffic, especially on I-90, in addition to staging "die-ins." Protests also occurred in Chicago, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Minneapolis, and Atlanta. At least 300 people were arrested at the New York City protests on December 4 and 5, most of them for charges of disorderly conduct or refusal to clear the streets, but two for assault on a police officer. On December 6, 300 protesters marched in Berkeley, California as well. On December 10, 76 protesters were arrested at Westfield  shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush in west London, England, during a rally to show solidarity with rallies in the United States. Protesters have made use of Garner's last words, "I can't breathe", as a slogan and chant against police brutality since Garner's death and Pantaleo's grand jury decision. By December 28, at least 50 protests in support of Garner had occurred globally, and many other Black Lives Matter-related demonstrations had occurred.

Counter-protests were also launched in support of police, specifically for the NYPD. On December 19, during a New York City protest about the grand jury decision, supporters of the NYPD held a counter-demonstration, wearing shirts with the phrase, "I can breathe, thanks to the NYPD", on them, holding signs with phrases like "Bluelivesmatter", and chanting, "Don't resist arrest."

On December 20, two NYPD officers were killed in an ambush in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, cited Garner's death at the hands of police (as well as that of Michael Brown) as reasons to kill police officers. Brinsley then entered the New York City Subway and committed suicide.

Garner's death has been cited as one of several police killings of African Americans protested by the Black Lives Matter movement.

Police
As a result of Garner's death, Police Commissioner William Bratton ordered an extensive review of the NYPD's training procedures, specifically focusing on the appropriate amount of force that can be used while detaining a suspect. Patrick Lynch, leader of the police union Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, challenged the claim that a chokehold was used, further stating that the union would be able to find many use-of-force experts who would also challenge the claim that a chokehold was used. Lynch also attributed Garner's death to resisting arrest and, "a lack of the respect for law enforcement, resulting from the slanderous, insulting, and unjust manner in which police officers are being portrayed." Edward D. Mullins, the head of the union representing police sergeants, called on members to slow down police response across the city by supervising every arrest. He also commented saying that the use of the term "chokehold" by the chief medical examiner's office was political. Police union officials and Pantaleo's lawyer argued that Pantaleo did not use the chokehold, but instead used a NYPD-taught takedown move because Garner was resisting arrest. Police also defended the decision not to perform CPR on Garner on the grounds that he was still breathing on his own.

An Indiana police officer sold T-shirts saying "Breathe Easy. Don't Break the Law." A veteran San Jose Police Officer, Phillip White, tweeted: "Threaten me or my family and I will use my God given and law appointed right and duty to kill you. #CopsLivesMatter", which sparked controversy.

Family
In an interview with CNN, Garner's daughter Erica felt that it was pride and not racism that led to the officer choking her father. Erica held a vigil and "die-in" on December 11, 2014, on Staten Island in memory of her father, near where he died. On her Twitter account, she vowed to continue to lead protests in Staten Island twice a week, lying down in the spot where her father collapsed and died. Erica Garner died on December 30, 2017, after suffering a heart attack at the age of 27.

One of Garner's daughters, Emerald Snipes, created a fund for his kids for Christmas, as Garner used to play Santa Claus. Garner's daughters Erica and Emerald, his widow Esaw, and his stepfather Ben Carr all went to the Justice for All March in Washington, D.C.

After the grand jury decision, when asked whether she accepted Pantaleo's condolences, Garner's widow angrily answered, "Hell, no! The time for remorse would have been when my husband was yelling to breathe." She added, "No, I don't accept his apology. No, I could care less about his condolences ... He's still working. He's still getting a paycheck. He's still feeding his kids, when my husband is six feet under and I'm looking for a way to feed my kids now."

Garner's mother, Gwen Carr, expressed surprise and disappointment at the grand jury decision.

Politicians
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio called Garner's death a "terrible tragedy." De Blasio, at a July 31 roundtable meeting in response to the death, convened with police officers and political activists, called upon mutual respect and understanding. On August 1, in a statement, the mayor urged all parties involved to create a dialogue, and find a path "to heal the wounds from decades of mistrust and create a culture where the police department and the communities they protect respect each other." Mayor de Blasio has been criticized by activists for not firing the officers involved in Garner's death.

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said that New York State should consider appointing a special prosecutor to handle cases of alleged police brutality. He told CNN: "We have a problem. Let's acknowledge it."

U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said that the Department of Justice was "closely monitoring" investigations into Garner's death.

Two U.S. Presidents have expressed thoughts about Garner's death. Barack Obama addressed the grand jury's decision by making a speech, stating that Garner's death and the legal outcome of it is an "American problem". Obama also reacted by saying that Garner's death "speaks to the larger issues" of trust between police and civilians. Former U.S. President George W. Bush said he found the grand jury outcome "hard to understand" and "very sad" in an interview.

Rep. Peter King (R-NY) stated that, if Garner had been healthier, he would not have died after a police officer placed him in a chokehold. "If he had not had asthma, and a heart condition, and was so obese, almost definitely he would not have died from this." King added that there "was not a hint" that anyone used any racial epithets, and that if Garner were a "350-pound white guy, he would have been treated the same."

Celebrities
Shady Records recording artist Kxng Crooked aka Crooked I of Slaughterhouse recorded a tribute song for Garner titled "I Can't Breathe". The song was released exclusively through MTV News. Crooked used the same instrumental that was used for 2Pac's "Pain", with additional production added by Jonathan Hay. The cover art features an image of Garner being held in a chokehold by law enforcement officials.

After the grand jury declined to indict Pantaleo, professional athletes such as NFL players Reggie Bush, Ryan Davis, Cecil Shorts III, Marqise Lee, Ace Sanders, and Allen Hurns; and NBA players LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers, Kyrie Irving, Kevin Garnett, Derrick Rose, Jarrett Jack, and Deron Williams, wore T-shirts bearing the phrase "I can't breathe" during pregame warmups. The Phoenix Suns also wore the shirts. President Obama and Attorney General Holder applauded James for wearing the shirt.

The Georgetown University men's basketball team wore "I can't breathe" shirts, as did the University of Notre Dame women's basketball team.

Realizing that Garner died the same way as Radio Raheem, a character from the film Do the Right Thing, film director Spike Lee also paid tribute to Garner by splicing footage of Garner's death with a clip from the film showing several police officers putting the character in a chokehold.

The title of Terence Blanchard's 2015 album Breathless was inspired by Garner's last words ("I can't breathe").

Matt Taibbi wrote the 2017 book I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street.

Civil lawsuit
In October 2014, Garner's family stated their intent to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the City of New York, the police department, and several police officers, seeking $75 million in damages. The parties reached a $5.9 million out-of-court settlement on July 13, 2015. Garner's widow had previously rejected a $5 million settlement offer.

Department of Justice investigation
On December 3, 2014, after the grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo, the Department of Justice started an independent investigation. In January 2015 it was reported that the FBI's New York Field Office was reviewing the incident and events thereafter. The investigation was overseen by local United States Attorney Loretta Lynch until she became the US Attorney General. The local FBI investigators and federal prosecutors determined that charges should not be brought in the case, prompting strong disagreement from attorneys in the Washington, D.C. office of the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. In October 2016, Attorney General Lynch removed the local FBI agents and federal prosecutors from the case, replacing them with agents from outside New York. Lynch's intervention has been called "highly unusual".

In 2017, ThinkProgress obtained anonymously and published Pantaleo's police department disciplinary records, showing that Pantaleo had "seven disciplinary complaints and 14 individual allegations lodged against him. Four of those allegations were substantiated by an independent review board." He was found guilty of one of those fourteen allegations, and was disciplined by the loss of two vacation days.

On July 16, 2019, Attorney General William Barr decided that the officers involved in Garner's death would not face federal charges.

Disciplinary hearing and termination of Pantaleo
An internal affairs inquiry by the NYPD determined that Pantaleo used a chokehold and recommended disciplinary charges. Chokeholds are prohibited by NYPD regulations. In 2015, the Department of Justice asked the NYPD to delay pursuing disciplinary charges pending a federal investigation. On July 16, 2018, NYPD Deputy Commissioner Lawrence Byrne wrote a letter to the Justice Department stating that the NYPD would pursue disciplinary actions against officers involved in Garner's death if the Justice Department did not file charges by the end of August.

During an April 4, 2019, disciplinary hearing Pantaleo's attorneys argued that in an internal report dated December 10, 2014, NYPD Chief Surgeon Eli Kleinman concluded Pantaleo did not use a chokehold on Garner and Garner had suffered no chokehold associated injuries. According to Pantaleo's lawyer, Kleinman found that Garner's pre-existing health conditions contributed to his death. The report was completed at the request of NYPD Internal Affairs Bureau. Kleinman did not personally examine Garner and based his conclusions on a review of two videos of the incident and Garner's autopsy.

At a May 2019 disciplinary hearing for Pantaleo, Dr. Floriana Persechino, who performed Garner's autopsy, testified that Pantaleo's use of a chokehold on Garner "set into motion a lethal sequence" that led to a fatal asthma attack. However, the examiner conceded that even "a bear hug" could have had the same effect as the chokehold, given that Garner weighed 395 pounds (179 kg), suffered from asthma and diabetes, and had a heart twice the size of a healthy person's heart. Moreover, during the trial at a hearing in June 2019, a defense witness, Dr. Michael Graham, St. Louis, Missouri's chief medical examiner, testified Garner's death couldn't have been caused by a chokehold because, Graham said, Garner was never actually choked or unable to breathe during the arrest. Graham attributed Garner's death to heart disease exacerbated by the stress of the arrest.

During this same trial, Pantaleo's partner, Justin D'Amico, admitted that he exaggerated Garner's charges. D'Amico claimed Garner had been selling 10,000 untaxed cigarettes, which was a felony. However, Garner had fewer than 100 cigarettes in his possession at the time of his death.

Pantaleo's disciplinary hearing concluded on June 6, 2019. Two months later, it was reported that the administrative judge presiding over the disciplinary hearing recommended to New York Police Department Commissioner James O’Neill that Pantaleo be fired. According to New York Police Department Administrative Judge Rosemarie Maldonado, video evidence and autopsy results provided "'overwhelming'" evidence that Pantaleo had placed Garner in a chokehold. In her recommendation to the Commissioner, Judge Maldonado found that Pantaleo's "'use of a chokehold fell so far short of objective reasonableness that this tribunal found it to be reckless — a gross deviation from the standard of conduct established for a New York City police officer.'"

On August 19, 2019, O'Neill terminated Pantaleo's employment with the New York Police Department, stating that it would not be possible for Pantaleo to serve effectively, and that Pantaleo's decision to maintain the chokehold on the ground is what led to his firing. Pantaleo subsequently sued in state court for his reinstatement but was not successful.

State legislation
On June 8, 2020, both houses of the New York state assembly passed the Eric Garner Anti-Chokehold Act, which stipulates that any police officer in the state of New York who injures or kills somebody through the use of "a chokehold or similar restraint" can be charged with a class C felony, punishable by up to 15 years in prison. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the police reforms, which he described as "long overdue", into law on June 12, 2020.

Popular culture
A poem by Ross Gay, "A Small Needful Fact" was written in 2015 as a response to Garner's death.

The single "Loyal Like Sid & Nancy" by Foster the People, released in 2017, includes the lyric "I can't breathe" and is partly a commentary about Garner's killing and Black Lives Matter.

In 2018, a crime-drama film was released under the title of Monsters and Men, whose main plotline depicts the death of a cigarette-selling black man at the hands of the police being filmed by an onlooker and grabbing wide attention upon release. Being inspired by a real story, and given the striking similarity with the incident, multiple film reviews considered the movie to be based on the death of Eric Garner.

See also

 List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States
 Murder of George Floyd
 Killing of Jonny Gammage
 Death of Jonathan Sanders
 Death of Sandra Bland
 Hands up, don't shoot
 List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, July 2014
 Mothers of the Movement
 New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct
 Killing of Andy Lopez
 Killing of Alton Sterling
 Killing of Jeremy McDole
 Killing of Tamir Rice
 Killing of Philando Castile
 Murder of Ahmaud Arbery
 Killing of Breonna Taylor

References

External links

2014 controversies in the United States
2014 deaths
2014 in New York City
African-American history in New York City
African-American-related controversies
Black Lives Matter
Civil rights protests in the United States
Crimes in New York City
Deaths by person in New York City
Deaths by strangulation in the United States
Deaths from asthma
Deaths in police custody in the United States
Filmed killings by law enforcement
Filmed deaths in the United States
History of African-American civil rights
History of Staten Island
July 2014 events in the United States
Law enforcement controversies in the United States
New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct
Protests in the United States
Race and crime in the United States
Asphyxia-related deaths by law enforcement in the United States
Police brutality in the United States
Protest marches
Controversies in New York (state)


title: Giulio Quaglio III

text:
Giulio Quaglio III (1764 in Laino – 30 January 1801 in Munich) was a scenic designer and architect from a branch of the Quaglio family of artists that moved to Germany in the 18th century and was the last to be born in the family's home town.

He began working in Munich around the years 1781–2, then moved to Mannheim. In 1785, he is known to have worked in Zweibrücken. Many years later, in 1798, he assisted Friedrich Wilhelm von Erdmannsdorff in providing decorations for a new theater in Dessau.  Towards the end of his life, he returned to Munich and served as the court theater architect, succeeding his uncle Lorenzo.

His brother, Giuseppe Quaglio, was also a scenic designer.

References

External links

 ArtNet: Interior of a Fortress by Quaglio
 WorldCat: Most widely held works by Giulio Quaglio

German scenic designers
1764 births
1801 deaths
Italian emigrants to Germany


The California Junior College Lacrosse Association (CJCLA) was a community-college-level club lacrosse association from 2013 to 2017. Formed in 2013, the CJCLA was dedicated to expanding junior college lacrosse opportunities for the student-athletes of California, and was open to any California junior college lacrosse program that was officially recognized as a student club by their institution. The CJCLA went defunct in 2017, due to a lack of funds and interest.

Different from NCAA, MCLA, and other college lacrosse leagues, CJCLA played their season during the fall semester. Despite their desire to be, the CJCLA was never sanctioned by the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA) and instead was governed by its own elected leadership.

History
Throughout the CJCLA's existence, three championships were held, all of which were won by the Diablo Valley College Vikings. The winner of the championships were awarded the "Little Oak Barrel" trophy.

The 2013 season awarded the championship based on team's record, which Diablo Valley College earned after a perfect 5-0 season.

The 2014 season saw the introduction of a tournament style championship, which saw Diablo Valley College defeating Santa Barbara City College 15-9 on December 6th, 2014.

The 2015 championship match saw a repeat of the year prior, with Diablo Valley College defeating Santa Barbara City College 20-10 on December 5th, 2015.

No 2016 season was played, the league then folded prior to the 2017 season.

Teams
Source:

Championship history

Leadership
President: Matt Blamey

Vice President - Growth & Development: Terry Armstrong

Vice President - Business Operations: Don Fagen

Fitness Advisor: Brian Rutherford

Art Director: Mathias Armstrong

SoCal Liaison: Brian Ponzi

References

College club sports associations in the United States
College lacrosse in the United States
2013 establishments in California


title: Anthony Lynham

text:
Anthony Joseph Lynham (born 12 April 1960) is an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland representing the electoral district of Stafford from 2014 to 2020. He was the Queensland Minister for Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Lynham was an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

Dental and Medical career
Lynham is a former maxillofacial surgeon who was a consultant surgeon at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. He also was a member of the hospital trauma team. He graduated in dentistry from University of Queensland and medicine from Newcastle University.  He holds a surgical fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh in the general stream. Further training was completed in Switzerland.
One of his roles was the training of maxillofacial surgeons both at the college and hospital level. He is an active researcher and has published regularly. He is an associate professor at the University of Queensland and an adjunct professor at the Queensland University of Technology.

Political career
Lynham was first elected on 19 July 2014 at the Stafford by-election, which resulted from the resignation of former member Chris Davis, defeating the Liberal National candidate Bob Andersen with a 62 percent two-party vote from a 19-point two-party-preferred swing. Lynham then entered the Shadow Cabinet.

Palaszczuk government

On 16 February 2015, he was sworn in as Minister for State Development and Minister for Natural Resources and Mines in the Palaszczuk Ministry.

On 10 September 2020, Lynham announced he would retire from the Queensland Parliament and not contest the seat of Stafford in the 2020 election.

References

External links
Parliamentary biography
Queensland Labor candidate page
Official website

Queensland Maxillofacial Group

1960 births
Living people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Australian maxillofacial surgeons
University of Newcastle (Australia) alumni
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Academic staff of the University of Queensland
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
Labor Right politicians
21st-century Australian politicians


title: Emil Fischer (cartographer)

text:
Emil B. Fischer (1838 or 1839 in Dresden, Saxony – September 23, 1898 in Silverton, Colorado) published six detailed maps of the San Juan area of southwestern Colorado between 1883 and 1898.  A surveyor's son, he came to America around 1872.  He moved to Durango in 1880 when the building of the Denver & Rio Grande Railway to the San Juan attracted widespread attention, then to Silverton.  These maps aided silver and gold prospectors to file their claims; they enabled investors to locate mines and view their proximity to famous neighboring mines; and they encouraged tourists to visit the depicted mining regions and invigorate the local economies.

This quiet, unobtrusive German immigrant made many mountain-climbing pilgrimages for his meticulous drawings of San Juan and adjacent counties, which he subsequently transferred to maps that were as attractive as they were functional.  Fischer drew his finished maps, even the text elements, entirely by hand before engraving and printing, distinguishing them from the typeset variety that came before and after.  They are scrupulously correct in detail and were regarded as authoritative for many years.  The complex terrain of the San Juan area, characterized by precipitous peaks ranging from 11,000 to 14,000 feet, rugged passes, deep gorges, alpine valleys, and glacial basins, rendered accurate maps indispensable for miners and created a niche for this cartographer.

Following are descriptions of Fischer's six maps:

1. 1883, “Map of the San Juan Mining Districts.”  It includes insets with plats of the towns of Durango, Silverton, and Rico.  The scale is one inch to three miles.

2. 1886, “Map of Red Mountain and the Mining Region of San Juan, Ouray, San Miguel and Dolores Counties.”  A small inset shows the system of wagon roads connecting the towns of Telluride and Ouray with Montrose.  The scale is one inch to one mile.

3. 1891, “Map of Red Mountain and the Mining Region of San Juan, Ouray, San Miguel and Dolores Counties,” intended to update its predecessor with the identical name and scale.  Inset plats focus on these three mining locales: Newman Hill at Rico, the Red Mountain Area north of Silverton, and Silver Lake in Arrastra Basin, east of Silverton.  The map shows the locations of hundreds of the San Juan Region's named mines and placers and may constitute a comprehensive compilation.

4. 1893, “Map of Southwestern Colorado.”  The scale is one inch to four miles.  It covers the huge expanse of this part of the state as well as northwestern New Mexico and southeastern Utah.  Insets portray plats of Durango, southwestern Colorado's California Mining District, and the Needle Mountain Mines between Durango and Silverton, as well as the network of railroad systems reaching Durango from Cheyenne, Denver, Salt Lake City, Albuquerque, and Phoenix.

5. 1894, “Map of the Mineral Section of San Miguel County,” attached to a booklet published by the Telluride Board of Trade, based on his 1891 map, showing this county only with the scale of one inch to one mile.

6. 1898, “The Principal Mining Section of San Juan County.”  This map updates Fischer's 1891 map, but smaller in scope, with a superlative scale of one and a half inches to one mile.

Fischer produced these six maps, except the 1894 and possibly the 1898, as “pocket maps,” i.e., they came folded and packaged in printed enclosures for safe, easy transport.

The public may view originals of these maps at a number of locations in the U.S., principally in Colorado.  The Denver Public Library houses all six.  Other locations include the Colorado School of Mines, Colorado College, Fort Lewis College, University of Colorado-Denver, Pike's Peak Library District, San Juan County Historical Society Archives, Yale University, Columbia University-City of New York, Brigham Young University, the University of Nevada-Reno, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Southern Methodist University, Autry Institute for the Study of the American West, and the Library of Congress.

Fischer's artistic gifts bore fruit through his paintings and sketches as well as his maps.  The most famous, painted in 1895, depicts Francis Marion Snowden's cabin, the first in Baker's Park, where Silverton now stands.  In 2013 the San Juan County Historical Society acquired this painting for its Silverton museum.

In late-2014, color images of Fischer's six maps, his 1895 painting, and his grave marker will be available on the Mining History Association's website: www.mininghistoryassociation.org.

Emil B. Fischer died September 23, 1898, at the age of 59, of “paralysis of the heart.”  He collapsed on the sidewalk in front of the First National Bank of Silverton, where he had just transacted business.  Reportedly his only known survivor was a sister in Dresden.

Although the details of his decline are poorly documented, it appears Emil Fischer died alone and relatively poor despite his notable abilities.  His six maps and his paintings showcase the rich mining history of the San Juan.  Unlike the maps of his predecessors, contemporaries, or the USGS that followed, his combined aesthetic flair with accurate cartography, making his work unique and creating a market for it more than a century after he died.  California rare-map dealer Barry Ruderman recently sold one of his 1893 maps for $6,500.

References

American cartographers
Year of birth missing
1898 deaths
Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
People from Durango, Colorado
People from Silverton, Colorado
1830s births


title: Power Rangers Dino Charge

text:
Power Rangers Dino Charge is the twenty-second season of the long-running television program Power Rangers. Using footage, costumes and props from Japanese 37th Super Sentai Series Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger, it is the first season to be distributed by Saban Brands Entertainment Group, after the formation of two new units within the company called Saban Brands Lifestyle Group and Saban Brands Entertainment Group on December 11, 2014. The show is produced by SCG Power Rangers and began airing on Nickelodeon on February 7, 2015, ending on December 12. It also went broadcast on Pop in 2018.
Broadcast from May 25, 2015 and June 9, 2015 on M6.

The second season, and twenty-third overall, is called Power Rangers Dino Super Charge and premiered on January 30, 2016, ending on December 12, 2016.

Plot summary

Season 1: Dino Charge
Sixty-five million years ago, a dinosauroid alien named Keeper was pursued through the galaxy by Sledge, an intergalactic bounty hunter bent on acquiring ten magical stones called the Energems in Keeper's care and using them to conquer the universe. Keeper crash landed on prehistoric Earth, entrusting the gems to many dinosaurs for safe-keeping and crippled Sledge's ship with a bomb that left the bounty hunter stranded in deep space. Unfortunately, Sledge's collection of asteroids held in a tractor beam accidentally rained down on prehistoric Earth and ultimately caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.

In the present day, Keeper is found by paleontologist Kendall Morgan and they set up a base under the Amber Beach Dinosaur Museum in the city of Amber Beach. They begin a mission to find the Energems, but five have already been found by teenagers, who use them to morph into the Dino Charge Power Rangers. The group consists of the Red Ranger, Tyler Navarro, the adventurous leader of the group who is searching for his father who disappeared ten years ago on a geological dig; the Pink Ranger, Shelby Watkins, a waitress with a vast knowledge of dinosaurs; the Blue Ranger, Koda, a Cave man living in modern times as he found his Energem in his tribe's cave, and was kept in suspended animation until the present day; the Green Ranger, Riley Griffin, the youngest of the group who is a skilled fencing swordsman; and the Black Ranger, Chase Randall, the suave and laid-back New Zealander. With these powers, the Dino Charge Power Rangers fight against Sledge, Poisandra, Fury, Wrench, Curio, and their prison full of monsters in order to find the remaining Energems and protect Earth.

As time goes by, the Rangers are joined by additional teammates with additional Dino Zords: the Gold Ranger, Sir Ivan, an eight-hundred-year-old knight from Zandar who was trapped in the body of Sledge's minion Fury and the Graphite Ranger Prince Phillip III of Zandar, the modern day crown prince of Ivan's home country. Kendall takes over the position of the Purple Ranger from Albert Smith who abandons the position due to his fears of Fury's minions. New threats also emerge, including the human-like villain, Heckyl.

Season 2: Dino Super Charge
The Ranger team gets two new members: the Aqua Ranger, who is revealed to be Tyler's long lost father James and the Silver Ranger, who is revealed to be Zenowing, a follower and apprentice of Keeper. However, with new powers come new enemies in the form of Singe, a mysterious warrior who arrives on Earth and quickly steps in as Heckyl's number two, much to Fury's anger. However, Heckyl starts to get curious when he realizes that Singe knows more about the Energems than he admits. After the Rangers discover the location of the Titano Zord, Heckyl demands to know how Singe knew its location, only for Singe to flee and return to Earth with the person who hired him named Lord Arcanon, who holds the evil Dark Energem. It was Lord Arcanon who hired Sledge to bring him the galaxy's most dangerous monsters to make an army out of them. Arcanon's reign ends with the return of Sledge who destroys his former employer with Snide (who was split from Heckyl) before Sledge betrays him and let the Rangers destroyed Snide too and takes back leadership of his crew. At that time, Heckyl regains all of his memories as a good person, which he lost from the Dark Energem. The Rangers went back in time and destroyed Sledge and his crew in the past.

After their enemies' destruction, the Rangers go their separate ways as Koda and Ivan finally go back to their own times, Heckyl becomes the guardian of the Dark Energem as he and Zenowing return to Sentai 6, and Keeper returns to his home planet. The present day Rangers arrive back to their own time and find that it is a zoo and there are live dinosaurs since Sledge's asteroids never hit Earth and the extinction of the dinosaurs never came to pass.

Cast and characters
Dino Charge Rangers
 Brennan Mejia as Tyler Navarro, the Dino Charge Red Ranger
 James Davies as Chase Randall, the Dino Charge Black Ranger
 Yoshi Sudarso as Koda, the Dino Charge Blue Ranger
 Michael Taber as Riley Griffin, the Dino Charge Green Ranger
 Camille Hyde as Shelby Watkins, the Dino Charge Pink Ranger
 Davi Santos as Sir Ivan of Zander, the Dino Charge Gold Ranger
 Reuben Turner (portrayal) and Daniel Musgrove (voice) as James Navarro, the Dino Charge Aqua Ranger
 Jarred Blakiston as Prince Phillip III, the Dino Charge Graphite Ranger
 Claire Blackwelder as Kendall Morgan, the Dino Charge Purple Ranger
 Alistair Browning as the voice of Zenowing, the Dino Charge Silver Ranger
Supporting characters
 Eve Gordon as Keeper (in-suit performer)
 Richard Simpson as Keeper (voice)
 Patricia Vichman as Moana
 Alexander Walker as Matt Griffin
 Mila Simons as Chloe Randall
Elizabeth Dowden as Kaylee
 James Gaylyn as Mr. Watkins
 Campbell Cooley as Mecha Voice
 Ryan Carter as Heckyl
Villains
 Adam Gardiner as the voice of Sledge, the main antagonist of the series
 Campbell Cooley as the voice of Snide
 Paul Harrop as the voice of Fury
 Estevez Gillespie as the voices of Wrench and Curio
 Jackie Clarke as Poisandra
 Andy Grainger as the voice of Lord Arcanon
 Mark Mitchinson as the voice of Singe
 Mark Wright as the voice of Doomwing/Evil Dino Charge Silver Ranger

Episodes

Power Rangers Dino Charge (season 22, 2015)

Power Rangers Dino Super Charge (season 23, 2016)

Notes

References

External links

 Official Power Rangers Website

  (Nickelodeon)

Dino Charge
2015 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings
2010s American science fiction television series
Television shows filmed in New Zealand
Television shows set in California
Television series about size change
Impact events in fiction
American children's action television series
American children's adventure television series
American children's fantasy television series
Television series about parallel universes
Television series about dinosaurs
Television series created by Haim Saban
Teen superhero television series


title: Dinos of the Gorgon Painter

text:
The Dinos of the Gorgon Painter () is an important example of ancient Greek pottery, produced at Athens around 580 BC. It entered the Louvre's collection in 1861, with the purchase of Giampietro Campana's collection (Inv. E 874).

This masterpiece, which is decorated with Gorgons, is the source of the name the anonymous painter who decorated it and is therefore known as the Gorgon Painter.

Origin
The dinos, a banqueting vessel of large dimensions in which water was mixed into the wine, consisted of two parts: the bowl and the stand for it to rest on. The whole ensemble only rarely survives, but is the inspiration for examples in bronze which are encountered more often. While there is no doubt that this example was made in an Athenian workshop, the location of its discovery remains uncertain, though the fact that it was in Campana's collection suggests that it was acquired in clandestine excavations in Etruria. It is very unlikely that it was discovered in Greece.

Painted decoration

The ceramic ensemble is decorated in the black-figure style, with ochre highlights and incisions outlining the images. The greater part of the decoration is made up of a palmette frieze with intertwined animals in the Corinthian tradition. The well-shaped stand is covered in friezes showing many different animals, like lions, cows, deer, along with fantastic creatures like sirens and sphinxes.

The vase itself is decorated with three registers, one on top of the other. The lowest register begins with a spiral on the rounded bottom of the vase and develops into four rows of animals, while the central register is a band of interlaced palmettes. The uppermost register, the most interesting, is the earliest known example in archaic Greek pottery of an entirely figurative and narrative frieze. It depicts a scene from Greek mythology: Perseus fleeing the Gorgons after he killed their sister, Medusa. The other two figures in the scene are Hermes, who can be identified by his petasos hat, and a woman who is presumably Athena. On the other side, there is a battle scene between several hoplites in chariots.

The artist who decorated the vase, whose name is not known, was a student of the Nessos Painter, the most ancient representative of the Attic black figure tradition. According to Martine Denoyelles, he also got the Gorgon theme from the Nessos Painter, but "with this entirely narrative frieze, stripped of all decorative elements, the Gorgon painter announce the blooming of Attic production, which increasingly disengaged itself from Corinthian influence in the second quarter of the sixth century BC.

Other ancient dinoi
The British Museum possesses two remarkable dinoi of the painter and potter Sophilos, who was the first Attic potter to sign his works. On the stands of these two dinoi, c. 580 BC, the marriage of Peleus and Thetis is depicted in black-figure style. These examples show the same Corinthian influence which is found on the works of the Gorgon Painter in his decoration of the vases with various kinds of animals. However, the stands are much larger and the vases are proportionately much smaller.

Notes

External links

Photos and bibliography of the dinos on The Beazley archives website

Individual ancient Greek vases
Greek, Etruscan and Roman antiquities in the Louvre
Greek mythology
Archaeological discoveries in Italy


title: Salsa Tequila

text:
"Salsa Tequila" is a novelty song by Norwegian comedian Anders Nilsen in Spanish. He doesn't speak Spanish, as he admits in the song by saying "No hablo español" (I do not speak Spanish). To make the song catchy, he uses accordion and saxophone mixes, noting that their usage had become prevalent in many recent hits. The song is written and produced by Nilsen, and was released in 2014 on Sony Music. It was a huge commercial success in Norway and the Netherlands and has charted in Belgium. The lyric music video is directed by Galvan Mehidi.

Lyrics
Nilsen collected various habitual greetings and words and phrases in Spanish (e.g., muy bueno, sí, hola, dale, Santa María, sombrero, muchas gracias, mi amigo, corazón, desperado, arriba, uno, dos, tres, cuatro, porque, machete, cuanto cuesta, señorita, fútbol), some popular Spanish destinations (Madrid, Mallorca etc.), various traditional Hispanic foods and drinks (as in title salsa and tequila, but also burrito, taco, nachos, mojito, Old El Paso, TexMex, guacamole, jalapeño, enchilada, bacalao, cortado, chorizo, cerveza), some Spanish, Portuguese and Hispanic celebrities (Eva Mendes, Shakira, Adelén, Salma Hayek, Ricky Martin, Antonio Banderas, Las Ketchup, Carlos Santana, Selena Gomez, Ronaldo) and a few Spanish language international hits ("Macarena", "Livin' la Vida Loca", "La Bamba", "Bailando", "Chihuahua", "Gasolina").

The song is a parody of club songs (former 'summer hits'), with the message that a song could become a hit even if the lyrics do not make any sense.

Track list
"Salsa Tequila" (3:19)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

See also
The Manual
Nonsense verse
Prisencolinensinainciusol

References

External links
Salsa Tequila on Anders Nilsen's VEVO YouTube channel

Novelty songs
Musical parodies
Songs about Spain
Songs about Mexico
Songs about South America
Spanish-language songs
2014 songs
Sony Music singles
2014 singles
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Number-one singles in Norway


title: Pyrrhic (disambiguation)

text:
A pyrrhic is a metrical foot used in formal poetry.

Pyrrhic may also refer to:
 Senses qualifying uses of "victory":
 Pyrrhic victory, a victory at devastating cost
 Pyrrhic Victory (album), 2006 album by Intwine
 Pyrrhic Victories, a short story by Mathilda Malling
Pyrrhic dance, a coming of age ritual for Korybantes warriors in Ancient Greece
Pyrrhichios, an ancient Greek dance described by Xenophon
Pyrrhic defeat theory, a theory in criminology
Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC), a series of battles among the Greeks

See also
Pyrrhus (disambiguation)
Pyrrha (disambiguation)
Pyrrhias (disambiguation)


title: The Other Greeks

text:
The Other Greeks: The Family Farm and the Agrarian Roots of Western Civilization is a 1995 book by Victor Davis Hanson, in which the author describes the underlying agriculturally centered laws, warfare, and family life of the Greek Archaic or polis period. Hanson's central argument is that the Greeks who farmed the countrysides of the Greek Archaic period ("the Other Greeks") are responsible for the rise of representative governments, promotion of the middle class, amateur militias composed of citizens, and other values of Western Culture, not the widely written about Greek intelligentsia. Hanson aims to connect the rises and falls of varying governments to the degree to which homesteading is a widespread practice among the populace.

Summary
Hanson argues that the Archaic Greek city-state or polis was an institution that grew out of the intensive farming of Greek countryside at the end of Greek Dark Ages. During Archaic Greece, the Greek yeomen had roughly the same amount of land, the same interests, and the same purchasing power. It is this group of free farmers who work their own land in mass that create the constitutional governments of the poleis (city-states). These poleis then primarily functioned to foster the practice of intensive farming by the voting class. At the end of the Archaic period and the beginning of Classical times, the veneration of individuality and equality had destroyed the very system of government it created. The book is divided into three sections: 1 - The Rise of The Small Farmer in Ancient Greece, 2 - The Preservation of Agrarianism, and 3 - To Lose a Culture.

Part One
Part one discusses post- Mycenean Greece (1100 BC). Hanson argues that after the fall of Mycenean Greece, that Greece was decentralized, and people in an effort to feed themselves, turned to homesteading. Documents from the time show that the size of the Greek yeoman farm was roughly equal. This rough equality in farm size translated to a rough equality in material wealth and created a citizenry neither poor nor wealthy but situated in the middle of their society. Additionally, the daily struggle of the small farmer against nature created a shared sense of comradery among the yeomen due to the similarity of their experiences.

Part Two
Part two of the book discusses  the development of the  polis. Hanson suggests that the common culture of farming shared by the "Other Greeks" led them to create a government that protected their interests. In the Greek polis, landed yeomen were typically the only citizens who could vote. As such, these "middling farmers" determined the laws of the polis in times of peace and decided when the polis would wage war. Hanson uses evidence of short warfare duration and the fact that wars typically occurred in the agricultural downtime of August to suggest that the hoplites were Greek yeomen farmers.

Part Three
Part three scrutinizes the decline of the egalitarian polis culture  which occurred around 500 - 300 BC and is associated with Classical Greece. Hanson argues that an increase in wealth disparity drove the destruction of the egalitarian "polis" in Greece. Wealth disparity manifested itself in unequal plots of land and differential taxation. Marginal lands, i.e. many of the lands that Greek homesteads were located on, could not produce enough food to be viable in subsistence agricultural practice under the heavy taxes of the Classical period. This forced many yeomen off of their farms and potentially into serfdom. This precipitated the destruction of a form of government in which the voter also is a legislative representative, warrior, and farmer.

Publication history
The book was first published in 1995 by the University of California Press. A second edition updated with a preface and a recent bibliography of the works of Victor Davis Hanson was published in 1999.

Reception and influence
The Other Greeks has been called a masterpiece as well as a foundation for understanding the polis. While reviewers do discuss shortcomings such as failing to discuss the effect of slavery on polis culture, or an overstatement of the case that agrarianism was the only common thread in Archaic Greece, reviews are generally positive.

References

1995 non-fiction books
Agriculture in Greece
Ancient Greece
Books by Victor Davis Hanson
English-language books
University of California Press books


title: Anders Nilsen (musician)

text:
Anders Nilsen (born June 23, 1988) is a Norwegian songwriter and music producer from Stavanger, who has written and produced for R3HAB, Timmy Trumpet, Matoma, IVE and W&W, and currently has eight #1 singles in his home country Norway.

In 2013 he got a large following on the "Vine" app where he made 6 second songs, which later resulted in him being cast for a SNL like TV-show called "Torsdag Kveld Fra Nydalen". It was however with his hit "Salsa Tequila", an attempt to write a song in Spanish without actually knowing Spanish (No hablo Español, as he says in the single's lyrics) that he gained fame and an international dance hit that has charted in Norway, Netherlands and Belgium. Since January 2014, he worked on various TV shows as a writer-performer like Tabu med Abu, Torsdag Kveld Fra Nydalen and Senkveld Med Thomas & Harald.
From May 2017 he started focusing full time on writing and producing for other artists.

In 2022, he represented Austria as a songwriter and producer in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, alongside Gabry Ponte, with the song "Halo", which was performed by Lumix and Pia Maria. He also produced and co-wrote the lead single on IVE's single album After Like. The album recorded the highest sales of its own. According to Hanteo Chart, the largest album sales site in Korea, reported that "After Like" sold 466,690 copies on the first day of its release. This broke the group's previous sales for Love Dive on Hanteo Chart. After one week the single managed to sell over 924,000 physical copies through Hanteo. The single also debuted at the top of Circle Chart with over 1 million copies. After Like peaked at #20 on Global 200 (Billboard), #3 at US World Digital Song Sales (Billboard) and #1 at Top 50 Spotify and the official charts in South Korea.

Selected discography

Producer-co-writer

2022:
IVE - "After Like"
Lumix feat. Pia Maria - "Halo"
Now United - Holiday
 Class:y - "Tick Tick Boom"
 Tungevaag - "Not The One"

2021
R3HAB, Timmy Trumpet, W&W - "Distant Memory"
Breathe Carolina - "23"

2020
 Matoma - "Embrace Your Life"
Brandon Beal - "Highs & Lows"
Maria Mena - "Lies (they never leave their wives)"

2018:
Morgan Sulele featuring Black O - "Noora"
ZadeKing - "Kumbaya"
Ezzari - "Ikke ring meg, jeg ringer deg"
Ezzari - "Casablanca"
Ezzari and Kald Flamme - "Isbjørn"
Kald Flamme and Ezzari - "Jaja (oui oui si si eywa)"
Alexandra Joner - "Chico"
Serlina - "Digger deg"
eMMa - "Fått deg på hjernen"
Mads Hansen - "Sommerkroppen" (Peaked at #1 on VG-lista for 8 consecutive weeks)
Elly Ekko - "Ring meg etter midnatt"

2017:
Ezzari - "Dør for deg"
Staysman & Lazz - "Om 100 år er allting glemt"
Katastrofe - "Olav Thon"
Pete Mello - "Kom med Mig"
Pete Mello - "Side om Side"
Zadeking and SnowBoyz - "Ingen er bedre enn meg"
Sandra Lyng and Vidar Villa - "Når julen kommer"

Singles

References

Living people
1988 births
Norwegian record producers
Norwegian songwriters
Spanish-language singers of Norway


title: Anders Nilsen

text:
Anders Nilsen may refer to:

Anders Nilsen (cartoonist) (born 1973), American cartoonist
Anders Nilsen (musician) (born 1988), Norwegian singer, songwriter and music producer
Anders Nilsen Næsset (1872–1949), Norwegian fisherman and MP
Anders Nilsen Wiborg (1655–1718), fourth commander of the Christiansfjell Fortress in Norway

See also
Anders Nielsen (disambiguation)
Anders Nilsson (disambiguation)


title: Bhrigu Phukan

text:
Bhrigu Phukan (7 April 1956  – 20 March 2006) was an Indian politician who was leader of Asom Gana Parishad and a cabinet minister in Government of Assam in the First Mahanta Ministry. He was one of the three signatories to the Assam Accord. Phukan was born on 25 April 1956.
He was elected for three consecutive terms from the prestigious Jalukbari constituency to the Assam Legislative Assembly from 1985.

Early life

He was a graduate of Dibrugarh University. He also obtained Law Degree from Gauhati University. He became closely involved in the students union movement during the university days that catapulted him to its leadership. He had been in the vanguard of the anti-foreigners agitation for six years during which period Assam was rocked by unprecedented blood-letting which left close to 900 people dead.

Political career

He was the general secretary of All Assam Students Union during 1979-85 and jointly spearheaded the Assam Movement with Prafulla Kumar Mahanta over the issue of Bangladeshi influx. He was one of the three signatories of the Assam Accord of 1985 along with Prafulla Kumar Mahanta.

In 1985 after the conclusion of the Assam movement with the signing of the historic Assam Accord, peace was restored in the state, and Phukan along with others founded the Asom Gana Parishad. In December 1985, he became Home minister at the age of 29 after the Asom Gana Parishad won the historic Assembly elections under the Chief Ministership of Mahanta. Phukan later fell out with Mahanta and in February 1991 walked out of Asom Gana Parishad to form the Natun Asom Gana Parishad.

The two factions united three years later and Phukan was appointed executive president of the Asom Gana Parishad. He quit the Asom Gana Parishad again in 1996 following differences with Mahanta and joined another political party.

In 2001, Phukan lost as a Nationalist Congress Party candidate to Himanta Biswa Sarma of the Congress, a student leader whom he had earlier groomed and who joined BJP in 2015.

Phukan again returned to the Asom Gana Parishad in 2004 and contested the Lok Sabha (parliament) elections from Guwahati constituency but lost.

Personal life

He died of multiple organ failure on 20 March 2006 in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and is survived by his wife Indira and a daughter Upasa.

References

1956 births
2006 deaths
Assam MLAs 1985–1991
Assam MLAs 1991–1996
Assam MLAs 1996–2001
People from Sivasagar
Asom Gana Parishad politicians
Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Assam
State cabinet ministers of Assam


title: PRSM

text:
PRSM or PrSM may refer to:
 Precision Strike Missile, a ground-to-ground missile.
 Power Rangers Super Megaforce, a season of the television series Power Rangers Megaforce


title: World of Speed

text:
World of Speed is a massively multiplayer online action racing video game initially developed by Slightly Mad Studios and My.com and subsequently by Saber Interactive, for the PC platform. World of Speed was initially planned as a free-to-play and to be released in 2014. In January 2017 the developers closed the community forums and released a statement that the game was "not yet good enough for our players" and that "the project will be under-going a substantial revision". In August 2017, the game was rereleased on Steam as an Early Access title however on November 13, 2018, in an announcement on Steam, World of Speed was to shut down its servers on December 25.

Gameplay
World of Speed offers both a solo-player based and a team-based gameplay, in which two teams vie for control of real world circuits and street locations in London, Moscow and Monaco to start. The game features a free for all format with destructible open environments and no rules. Players create or join clubs with others and compete in two versus two or four versus four battles to accomplish the maximum point value and conquer the area. In World of Speed, players earn rewards for successfully completing challenges including clean turns and drafting other cars, in addition to finishing first. These rewards can later be used to upgrade cars and become more competitive in the next event. The game requires offensive and defensive tactics, as each player can track the challenges of rival vehicles and may slam into them to prevent their success.

The game is planned to ever-expand its car range. The different cars vastly ranges from everyday rides, tuners, exotics, muscle cars to fast supercars with hefty performance. It is also officially announced that there will be car customization, both in looks and performance. The custom garages and customization options give players tools to build exactly what they want. A variety of load-outs will be available for numerous car models, with new parts and items awarded as players earn more experience during the races. Players who play as a club can get to a stage where if they have enough winnings, they can customize their own track to host races on. The track can be set up with different logos and emblems for the specific racing club.

The game's initial racing modes are Circuit, Sprint, Drag and Drift stages, including social in-game events such as Clubs where players and teams can communicate and compete in different types of team-based gameplay modes. Players who achieve a certain level in the game as a club gain ownership of the course. Locations can then be fought over in the team-based game mode such as Territory Wars. The Airfield is a non-competitive zone where players can show off theirs cars, meet with clubs, and take a look at the upgraded cars others are driving. Most of the racing tracks in World of Speed consist of different stages, with different levels of difficulty. Some parts/stages of each track have long straight high-speed roads, while others have more turns and elevation (e.g. mountain passes) and sharp hairpin turns. This is meant to encourage players to practice driving, and make them carefully think through the best driving styles and driving techniques, as well as the car of their choice. There are currently 15 racing tracks in World of Speed.

References

External links
 Official World of Speed website
 World of Speed at Steam
 Former official website

Cancelled Windows games
Early access video games
Racing video games
Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
Video games scored by Stephen Baysted
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games


title: Special education department (Punjab, Pakistan)

text:
Special Education Department is a department of Government of Punjab, Pakistan. The department meets the Special education requirements of the disabled children especially, hearing impaired, visually impaired, mentally retarded and physically disabled.

In 1983–84, the Directorate of Special Education Punjab was established in the Education Department. In 2003, the Special Education Department was established as an independent administrative department.

History
At the time of independence, there were only two institutions, one for the Hearing Impaired at Lahore and the other for the Blind at Bahawalpur, functioning under the control of Education Department. A few institutions for the Hearing Impaired children and Visually Impaired children were also being run by the private sector organizations in the Province. Inspectorate of Schools for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind was established under the Education Department during 1962. It was given status of Deaf, Dumb and Blind Wing, headed by a deputy director during 1968. These institutions were nationalized in 1975 under Martial Law Regulation MLR-118. The Education Department took over these institutions and initiated various schemes for construction of buildings and to staff them with trained teachers. Directorate of Special Education Punjab was given the status of an attached department of the Education Department during 1983–84. Special Education Department was established as an independent administrative department during 2003–04. Prior to establishment of an independent department of Special Education Department, there were 51 institutions in the province with an enrollment of 4265, which has now risen to 248 catering almost 28,850 special children, including 20 institutions of special education devolved from Federal Government as a result of 18th Constitutional Amendment. Presently, special institutions are functioning at every Tehsil and Town Level.

See also
 Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training
 Education in Pakistan
 List of special education institutions in Pakistan
 School education department (Punjab, Pakistan)
 Higher education department (Punjab, Pakistan)
 Literacy & non-formal basic education department (Punjab, Pakistan)

References

External links
 Special Education Department  official website
 Special Education Institutes in the Punjab

Departments of Government of Punjab, Pakistan
Education in Pakistan
Punjab, Pakistan


title: Der Deutsche Correspondent

text:
Der Deutsche Correspondent was a German-language newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the most influential newspaper among Germans in Baltimore, lasting longer than any of the other German newspapers in Maryland.

History
Der Deutsche Correspondent was established in 1841 by Friedrich Raine, a member of a family of printers from Westphalia, Germany. Raine saw the need for a German-language newspaper in a city populated by a large number of Germans and established the newspaper at the age of 19. The paper started out with only eight subscribers, but circulation numbers climbed and quickly overtook two other German newspapers in Baltimore. During the 1880s and 1890s, its circulation reached about 15,000. Initially started as a weekly, the newspaper grew and eventually became a daily paper in 1848.

In the midst of the 1858 municipal election, outbreaks of violence occurred and the offices of Der Deutsche Correspondent were attacked.

The paper found difficulty in navigating its German and American heritages. In January 1917, it printed photos, poetry, and other printed fanfare for the Kaiser's birthday, but was warning Baltimore Germans not to support his war policies by the next.

The paper closed April 28, 1918, due to anti-German sentiment resulting from World War I. After the Correspondent closed, many of its employees began to work at Bayrische Wochenblatt, a newspaper that had been published in Baltimore since 1880. The two newspapers merged and became a German weekly, called the Baltimore Correspondent.

Legacy
In 2009 The Maryland Historical Society received a grant from the Charles Edward Hilgenberg Fund of the Baltimore Community Foundation to digitize Der Deutsche Correspondent.

In March 2013 the University of Maryland Libraries announced that they would also be digitizing the Der Deutsche Correspondent. The content digitized by the University of Maryland are available as part of the historic newspaper database Chronicling America at the Library of Congress.

Translations and transcriptions
 Ruppert, Gary B. The German Correspondent, Baltimore, Maryland: Translation and Transcription of Death Notices & Obituaries, 1879-1883
 Ruppert, Gary B. The German Correspondent, Baltimore, Maryland: Translation and Transcription of Marriages, Deaths and Selected Articles of Genealogical Interest, 1879-1883

See also
History of the Germans in Baltimore
Ethnic press in Baltimore

References

External links
About Der Deutsche Correspondent, Chronicling America
German Newspapers in Maryland

1841 establishments in Maryland
1918 disestablishments in Maryland
Anti-German sentiment in the United States
Defunct newspapers published in Maryland
Newspapers published in Baltimore
German-American history
German-American culture in Baltimore
German-language newspapers published in Maryland
Newspapers established in 1841


title: Mar Mikhaël

text:
Mar Mikhaël (Arabic: مار ميخائيل, Lebanese pronunciation: مار مخايل) is a residential and commercial neighborhood (sector 75) in the  district of Beirut, Lebanon. It is a fashionable area with cafes, restaurants, art galleries, bakeries and shops. The neighborhood is named after the Maronite Catholic Church of St. Michael, which is located on Rue Pharoun.

Location
The neighborhood lies north and south of Charles Helou, the maritime highway that separates the neighborhood from the Port of Beirut area, north of the Geitaoui neighborhood, east of Gemmayzeh, and west of the Pierre Gemayel Highway and the Beirut River. The neighborhood is considered a natural extension of the Gemmayzeh neighborhood, and its main thoroughfare Rue Arménie, is a continuation of Gemmayzeh's Rue Gouraud, the east-west axis that connects Beirut Central District to the eastern suburb of Bourj Hammoud.

Development
After the rebuilding of Beirut Central District created and the emergence of Gemmayzeh and its Rue Gouraud as the hub of nightlife in Beirut, Mar Mikhaël was the natural next step in the gentrification of the neighborhoods adjacent to the Centre Ville. Since 2010, Mar Mikhaël has emerged as one of the most fashionable in Beirut, with many trendy boutiques, art galleries, antique furniture stores having opened in the area. In addition, many bars, restaurants and cafés have quickly replaced hardware shops, car parts and furniture stores, becoming a "hotspot for Beirut party-goers". By 2014, Mar Mikhaël had become a new hub for art and creativity, diminishing slightly in 2014–2015 with the re-emergence of Badaro, but remaining a popular destination in Beirut for dining and nightlife.

References

Streets in Beirut
Neighbourhoods of Beirut
Shopping districts and streets in Lebanon
Tourist attractions in Beirut
Retailing in Lebanon
Restaurant districts and streets in Lebanon
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon


title: 2014 Rally Estonia

text:
The auto24 Rally Estonia 2014 was the fifth running of the Rally Estonia. The rally was the seventh round of the 2014 European Rally Championship season. The event was won by Ott Tänak & Raigo Mõlder who won 11 stages out of 15.

Report

Classification

Special stages

References

2014 in Estonian sport
2014 European Rally Championship season
2014


title: Pearson's Falls

text:
Pearson's Falls is located in the foothills of Western North Carolina off Hwy. 176 between Tryon and Saluda. This wildlife and bird sanctuary comprises  of native forest, granite, spring-fed streams and a moderate 1/4 mile trail to a  waterfall. There are over 200 species of rare wildflowers and plants. There are also mosses, lichens, shrubs and trees in this glen, which is classified as a deciduous climax forest. Pearson's Falls is owned and maintained by The Tryon Garden Club, a non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization.

Pearson's Falls was named for a young engineer, Charles William Pearson, who scouted the mountains for what was to become the Southern Railroad. A military man, farmer, and an engineer, Captain Pearson bought the Glen as part of a large tract of land that he wanted for his family.

In 1931, the Tryon Garden Club bought the property in order to preserve this unique mountain Glen. Although open to the public, the property remains under the ownership and protection of the Tryon Garden Club. Over 17,000 people visit Pearson's Falls each year.

Pearson's Falls is a wildflower and wildlife preserve and an outdoor laboratory for botany and biology students from the surrounding colleges and universities, and the site of frequent field trips for local science classes.

Pearson's Falls is designated as a North Carolina National Heritage Site of the Blue Ridge National Heritage Area, a North Carolina Birding Trail Site, and is placed in the Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Gardens.

The botanical preserve is made up of spring-fed streams and  of native forest. In addition, the wildlife preserve features more than 200 species of fern, algae, flowering plants, and mosses.

The waterfall's water source is Colt Creek, and the trail leading up to the waterfall is roughly three-tenths of a mile. Using a scale of 0–10, with 0 being easy and 10 being very difficult, the difficulty of the trail is listed as a 3. The waterfall is not wheelchair accessible. The waterfall is not dog friendly.  Only service animals are allowed.

References

Protected areas of Polk County, North Carolina
Waterfalls of North Carolina
Landforms of Polk County, North Carolina


title: Nouria Benghabrit-Remaoun

text:
Nouria Benghabrit-Remaoun (born 5 March 1952) is an Algerian sociologist and researcher who serves in the government of Algeria as Minister of National Education.

Her previous function was director of the National Centre of Research in Social and Cultural Anthropology. She was a member of The Committee for Development Policy (CDP), subsidiary body of the United Nations Economic and Social Council.

According to The Economist, as education minister, she favours the use of Darija as the language of education in Algeria.

She is the granddaughter of Si Kaddour Benghabrit's brother.

References

External links
 The minister's word

Living people
1952 births
Algerian sociologists
Algerian women sociologists
Algerian academics
Algerian women writers
Algerian writers
Education ministers of Algeria
Government ministers of Algeria
People from Oran
21st-century Algerian women politicians
Women government ministers of Algeria
21st-century Algerian politicians


title: Otto Rubensohn

text:
Otto Rubensohn (24 November 1867, Kassel – 9 August 1964, Höchenschwand) was a German-Jewish classical archaeologist.

He received his education at the Universities of Berlin and Strasbourg, Under the supervision of Adolf Michaelis, he earned his doctorate in 1892 with the thesis "Die Mysterienheiligtümer in Eleusis und Samothrake". In 1897–99 he was associated with the German Archaeological Institute at Athens, and performed excavations of the sanctuaries of Apollo and Asclepius on the island of Paros.

From 1901 to 1907, on behalf of the Prussian Royal Museums of Berlin and the Papyruskommission, he was involved in a number of archaeological excavations in Egypt. In 1902–05 he conducted a series of significant excavations of the necropolis at Abusir el-Meleq. While in Egypt, he also performed excavatory work at Fayum, at Ashmunein and on the island of Elephantine, where he uncovered numerous Aramaic papyri scrolls.

He was later named director of the recently established Pelizaeus Museum in Hildesheim. From 1915 to 1932 he worked as a secondary school teacher in Berlin. In 1939 he emigrated to Switzerland in order to escape Nazi persecution. There he settled in Basel, and at the age of 94 published "Das Delion von Paros", considered to be his most important written effort.

Selected works
 Die Mysterienheiligtümer in Eleusis und Samothrake, 1892 – The mystery sanctuaries in Eleusis and Samothrace.
 Elephantine-Papyri, 1907 (with Wilhelm Schubart; Wilhelm Spiegelberg) – Elephantine papyri.
 Das Grab Alexanders des Grossen in Memphis, 1910 – The grave of Alexander the Great in Memphis.
 Hellenistisches Silbergerät in antiken Gipsabgüssen, 1911 (Pelizaeus-Museum) – Hellenistic silver objects in ancient plaster casts.
 Das Delion von Paros, 1962 – The Delion of Paros.

References

1867 births
1964 deaths
People from Kassel
University of Strasbourg alumni
Archaeologists from Hesse
German Egyptologists
German male non-fiction writers


title: Suhayr al-Qalamawi

text:
Sahier al-Qalamawi (; July 20, 1911 – May 4, 1997) was a significant literary figure and politician from Egypt who shaped Arabic writing and culture through her writing, feminist activism, and advocacy. She was one of the first women to attend Cairo University and in 1941 became the first Egyptian woman to earn her Master of Arts Degree and PhD for her work in Arabic literature. After graduating, she was employed by the university as their first woman lecturer. Al-Qalamawi was also one of the first women to hold a number of chief positions including chairperson of the Arabic Department at Cairo University, president of the Egyptian Feminist Union, and president of the League of Arab Women University Graduates. Her writings include two volumes of short stories, ten critical studies, and many translations from world literature.Aḥādīth jaddatī (My Grandmother's Tales) was published in 1935.

Biography

Early life
Sahier al-Qalamawi was born on July 20, 1911, in Cairo, Egypt and lived there throughout her life. She was born to a family that took pride in educating its female members and therefore she was able to take advantage of her father's extensive library of works at an early age. Exposure to authors like Taha Hussein, Rifa'a al-Tahtawi, and Ibn Iyas helped advance her literary talent and shape her voice as a writer.

As a child during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919, al-Qalamawi grew up with influences from the Egyptian women at the time including legendary feminist Huda Sha'arawi and nationalist figure Safia Zaghoul. These women and other feminists at the time focused on moving feminist debate into the streets to create a more far reaching movement. This goal influenced some of al-Qalamawi's feminist ideals.

Education
In 1928, al-Qalamawi graduated the American College for girls and intended to study medicine like her father at Cairo University. However, upon receiving a rejection, she was encouraged by her father to instead specialize in Arabic Literature. She became the first young girl to attend Cairo University and the only female among fourteen males to study Arabic Literature. During her time at Cairo University, al-Qalamawi received guidance from Dr. Taha Hussein who was the chairperson of the Arabic Department and editor in chief of the Cairo University Magazine. He made al-Qalamawi the assistant editor of the Cairo University Magazine in 1932 and thus al-Qalamawi became the first woman with a license in journalism in Egypt. During her years as a student, she was also a broadcaster for the Egyptian Radio Broadcasting service. After earning her Masters of Arts degree, she received a scholarship to do research in Paris for her PhD. In 1941, after completing her thesis, she became the first woman to receive a PhD from Cairo University.

Career
She was a woman of many “firsts” and began her career as the first woman lecturer at Cairo University in 1936. She soon worked her way up to professor and later chairperson of the Arabic Department between the years 1958-1967 and was the first woman to do so.

She served as the president of the Egyptian Feminist Union and in 1959, she became the head of the League of Arab Women University Graduates where she set the basis of cooperation between the Egyptian Union and the World Union of Universities. Later, she was the head of the Egyptian General Authority for Cinema, Theater, and Music in 1967 and the head of the Children's Culture Community in 1968.

Al-Qalamawi contributed to the fight for women's rights not only through literary works, but also through her participation in Arab Women's Conferences where she advocated for equal rights. In 1960, she was the president of the International Conference on Woman; by 1961 she was the head of the first conference on Folkloric Arts. She established a committee to superintend the university Palestinian girls to address her concern of the Palestinian issue in 1962.

Her political career began when she entered the political arena as a member of parliament in 1958 until 1964 and again in 1979 until 1984. She was also the director of the government affiliated Egyptian Organization for Publishing and Distributing where she worked to broaden the audience of readers, encourage young writers, and promote the book industry. In 1967, she established the Middle East's first international book fair: the Cairo International Book Fair. During her last few years, she served as the Head of the General Book Organization from 1967 to 1971 and president of the Board of Censorship from 1982 to 1985.

Starting as early as 1935, she published a wide array of literary works including short stories, critical studies, cultural magazines, and translations. She died in Cairo on May 4, 1997.

Writing and themes
Among her more than eighty publications, al-Qalamawi's earliest and most famous work is her first volume of short stories published in 1935. This work, which was published in Cairo, was also the first volume of short stories to be published by a woman in Egypt. In Ahadith Jaddati (My Grandmother’s Tales), al-Qalamawi analyzes the female social role as a preserver and renewer of community history through oral narrative in this work. The volume is framed by the story of a grandmother reminiscing about the past to her granddaughter. She develops this story line into a social criticism and vision of wartime form the perspective of the civilians who stayed home. The grandmother extracts morals from her recollection of events and draws comparisons between the past and present, often favoring the past. Al-Qalamawi suggests through this work that old wives’ tales and grandmothers’ bedtime stories can contain a deep feminist message. Like many other works of fiction in the 1930s, her collection of stories provides realistic depictions of Egyptian middle class society and, through middle class eyes, a view of peasant society.

The thesis that earned al-Qalamawi her PhD, a research paper on Alf Lailah wa Lailah (One Thousand and One Nights), lays the foundations of her feminist mission. She aims to create the new woman: an intelligent, cultured, and wise woman who is fully in charge of her life and family. This woman not only uses her wits and virtues to reach equality with men, but also strives to re-educate men in order to gain equality. This message was further developed in her books on literary criticism, “Limitation in Literature” (1955) and “The World Between Two Bookcovers” (1958).

Her translations of works such as Chinese stories by Pearl Buck (1950) and Shakespeare’s “The Taming of the Shrew” (1964) further illustrate women's struggles and the need to re-educate men. Al-Qalamawi also founded and released several cultural magazines that dealt with contemporary subjects such as cinema, music and the arts. Other significant works include “The Devils Play and Dance” (1965), “The Dissident’s Literature (1941), and “The World in a Book” (1958).

Her work has been received warmly by critics; many regard her as a "remarkable literary figure of the contemporary cultural movement in Egypt."

Tribute
On July 20, 2014, Google dedicated a Doodle to the writer for the 103rd anniversary of her birth. The Doodle reached all the countries of the Arab World.

Awards
Al-Qalamawi received awards and recognition for her literary work, leadership, and advocacy. These awards include:
Award of the Arabic Language Academy, for her Ph.D. thesis on "Arabian Nights", 1945.
State Merit Award in Youths’ Literature, she was the first woman to obtain it 1955.
State Encouragement Prize, 1955.
State Merit Award in Literature, shared with Dr. Shawki Deif, 1963.
Nasser's Award, dedicated by the former Soviet Union, 1976.
State Merit Award in Literature, 1977.
Medal of Appreciation, 1977.
Medal of the Republic, first class, 1978.
Medal of Achievement, 1978.
State Appreciation Prize for Literature
Honorary Doctorate from the American University in Cairo, (AUC), 1987.
In addition, she was honored by the Cairo International Book Fair in 1993 for serving as the president of the General Egyptian Book Organization. In 1955, she was honored by the Cairo Governorate for Egyptian Women's Day.

Notes

References

1911 births
1997 deaths
Egyptian feminists
Members of the House of Representatives (Egypt)
Egyptian novelists
Egyptian women writers
Writers from Cairo
Cairo University alumni
Egyptian women short story writers
Egyptian short story writers
Egyptian women novelists
20th-century novelists
20th-century women writers
20th-century short story writers
Academic staff of Cairo University


title: Litarachna lopezae

text:
Litarachna lopezae is a species of aquatic mite in the order Trombidiformes. Found around depths of 70 meters in the Mona Passage, Puerto Rico, the species was named after Jennifer Lopez.

See also
 List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)

References

Trombidiformes
Animals described in 2014
Arthropods of Puerto Rico
Jennifer Lopez


title: Harry Scott Smith

text:
Harry Scott Smith (November 29, 1883 – November 28, 1957), an entomologist and professor at University of California, Riverside (UCR), was a pioneer in the field of biological pest control.

United States Department of Agriculture
Smith grew up on a farm in Aurora, Nebraska with all the attendant tasks of farm life. Smith left home for what was then known as the State University at Lincoln. The State Entomologist, Lawrence Bruner, offered Smith a position as assistant. It was there that Smith met and later married Bruner's daughter, Psyche. Following Smith's graduation from the University of Nebraska in 1908, he was hired by Leland Ossian Howard to work at the USDA's Bureau of Entomology. During this time Smith held several assignments including the Boll Weevil Eradication Program, the Gypsy Moth Parasite Laboratory in Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts, and a 1912 collaboration in Italy with Filippo Silvestri to identify a natural predator to the alfalfa weevil.

On the recommendation of his boss, Howard, Smith was selected by the California State Commissioner of Horticulture, A. J. Cook, to serve as Superintendent of the newly created State Insectary beginning January 1, 1913. In 1919 the State of California created the State Department of Agriculture with Smith the Chief of the Bureau of Pest Control. Eventually entomological research was stripped from the regulatory functions of the department and migrated to the University of California's College of Agriculture.

Smith coined the term "biological control" in his 1919 article "On some phases of insect control by the biological method" for the Journal of Economic Entomology, referring to the reliance on the natural enemies of pests to effect control, as opposed to the use of pesticide.

University of California
With the transition of entomology research to the University of California Citrus Experiment Station in 1923, Smith's research division was refashioned as the Division of Beneficial Insect Investigations and Smith was appointed an associate professor at UCR where he remained until his retirement in 1951.  The division would remain wholly apart from University of California's Entomology department until the department and its pair at University of California, Berkeley were closed in 1989. Thanks to his correspondence with Dr. A. J. Nicholson, the Chief Entomologist at the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Smith initiated the first Federally-approved weed control program, the control of Klamath weed by importing insects from Australia. Smith also established the Laboratory of Insect Pathology, appointing Edward Arthur Steinhaus as its first head.

In 1953, Smith's alma mater awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science degree. He died on 28 November 1957.

Smith has been considered "a renowned researcher in the biological control of citrus pests for the University of California."

Partial bibliography

Memorials
In 1967, UCR's Department of Biological Control established the Harry Scott Smith Award to recognize achievements in the biological control of insects. The first award went to Canadian scientist William Robin Thompson with a $1000 honorarium. A separate award for graduate students in biological control was established in 1966.

The Harry S. Smith scholarship fund was established for students studying biological control, started with a $15,000 bequest from Smith for that purpose.

The archives of Smith's papers are now stored with the Entomology Department of UCR.

Citations

1883 births
1957 deaths
People from Aurora, Nebraska
American entomologists
University of Nebraska alumni
University of California, Riverside faculty
20th-century American zoologists


title: The Citadel Bulldogs basketball, 1975–1979

text:
The Citadel Bulldogs basketball teams represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in Charleston, South Carolina, United States.  The program was established in 1900–01, and has continuously fielded a team since 1912–13.  Their primary rivals are College of Charleston, Furman and VMI.

1974–75

|-
|colspan=7 align=center|1975 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

1975–76

|-
| colspan=7 align=center|1976 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

1976–77

|-
| colspan=7 align=center|1977 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

1977–78

|-
| colspan=7 align=center|1978 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

1978–79

|-
| colspan=7 align=center|1979 Southern Conference men's basketball tournament

References

The Citadel Bulldogs basketball seasons


title: Ellerslie (Glenwood, Maryland)

text:
Located Glenwood in Howard County, Maryland, United States, Ellerslie Plantation.

The Elerslie slave plantation was built on the lands of Captain Thomas Hobbs given to his daughter Amelia. Jasper and Amelia Peddicord built a house (later side-by-side) around a log hunting lodge built about 1763. These were built on portion of land patented as "Ridgley's Great Range''. In 1830, Richard Snowden purchased the land for a wedding present. In 1835, Nicholas Snowden of Montpeiler married Elizabeth Ridgley Warfield. Richard and his sons left to pursue the California Gold Rush. The House was purchased in 1845 by Basil Crapster who expanded the house to an unusual mirrored layout with a duplicate addition on the Western Portion. In 1945 Jaessie Hakes and his wife purchased the manor and 132 acres of surrounding land plus adjoining properties which have been subdivided for residential construction.

The manor is a two and one-half story house with stone construction. Outbuildings include a stone spring house and wood barn built in the late 1700s.

See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Round About Hills
Bushy Park, Glenwood Maryland
Carr's Mill Landfill

References

Houses in Howard County, Maryland
Glenwood, Howard County, Maryland
Plantations in Maryland
1760s establishments in Maryland
Houses completed in 1763


title: Humanos a Marte

text:
"Humanos a Marte" () is a song performed by Puerto Rican singer Chayanne, released as the lead single from his upcoming fifteenth studio album En Todo Estaré, by Sony Music Latin on April 20, 2014. The song was written by Chayanne and Fernando Montesinos. On June 17, Chayanne released a remix urban version of the song, featuring the Puerto Rican singer Yandel.

Track listing
Digital download
 "Humanos a Marte" -

Official versions
Album version (3:45)
Urbano Remix feat. Yandel (3:34)
Duet with Brazilian singer Paula Fernandes, a Portuñol version (3:45)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2014 singles
Chayanne songs
Spanish-language songs
2014 songs
Sony Music Latin singles
Yandel songs


title: School education department (Punjab, Pakistan)

text:
School Education Department is a department of Government of Punjab, Pakistan. The functions of the department are to perform legislation, policy formulation and planning of primary, middle, secondary and higher secondary education and maintain standards of education in these fields.

Attached Departments

Punjab Education Assessment System
Punjab Education Assessment System (PEAS) assess student's learning outcomes and produces evidence on the key factors that impact learning.

Autonomous Bodies

Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board
Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board was established in 1962 as West Pakistan Textbook Board. Its functions are curriculum development, implementation of educational policies of the Government, publication of textbooks and production of supplementary reading material relating to textbooks.

Punjab Examination Commission

Punjab Examination Commission is an autonomous to assess and examine students’ learning achievements particularly of grade 5 and 8.

Punjab Education Foundation

The Punjab Education Foundation was established in 1991 as an autonomous statutory body to encourage and promote education in the private sector operating on non-profit basis.

The Punjab Daanish Schools and Centers of Excellence Authority

Management of Daanish Schools.

Special Institutions

Sadiq Public School

See also
 Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training
 Education in Pakistan
 Higher education department (Punjab, Pakistan)
 Special education department (Punjab, Pakistan)
 Literacy & non-formal basic education department (Punjab, Pakistan)
 Punjab Education Foundation

References

External links
 School Education Department
 Punjab Education Foundation
 Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board
 Punjab Examination Commission
 HED launched e-registration portal for colleges
 Punjab Examination Commission
 Daanish Schools
 Punjab Education Assessment System
 Ar Carrier Point official website.
 Sadiq Public School

Departments of Government of Punjab, Pakistan
Education in Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab, Pakistan


title: Walter Lehmann

text:
Walter Lehmann may refer to:
Walter Lehmann (ethnologist) (1878–1939), German ethnologist, linguist and archeologist
Walter Lehmann (gymnast) (1919–2017), Swiss gymnast