title: Diamond Jubilee Footbridge

text:
The  Cremorne Footbridge is an proposed foot and cycle bridge over the Thames in London, England. It was originally promoted as the Diamond Jubilee Footbridge, designed by One World Design Architects with structural engineers Expedition Engineering and maritime engineers Beckett Rankine. The longer name commemorates the 2012 jubilee celebrations for Queen Elizabeth II, marking where she boarded her royal barge for the start of the Diamond Jubilee river pageant.

Through Community Infrastructure Levy contributions on nearby housing Wandsworth Council hold around 40% of the funding. Foundations have been built on their Battersea bank of the river, through a Section 106 Agreement with Barratt. A one-third balance of the cost, which has risen to £32,000,000 is sought from the Mayor's Office and Transport for London.

Planning permissions and construction
Consent has been granted by Wandsworth; Hammersmith & Fulham; the ; and . Wandsworth’s Riverside strategic planning (specifically a document called the SPD) enables such area to receive Community Infrastructure Levy inputs. Some practical inputs are in a contemporary development's Section 106 agreement with Barratt London, for piling of the foundations on the Battersea side of the river – carried out. The bridge meets aims of local and regional planning policy.

The developer applied for planning permission in 2012 in both boroughs. In December 2012 the latter borough notified the Mayor of London of a planning application of potential strategic importance for the Mayor to make a statement of compliance with The London Plan and to respond. A report for these purposes was prepared by the Planning Decisions Unit of the authority. Permissions were received from the London Borough of Wandsworth in June 2013  and from Hammersmith and Fulham in November 2013.

The Mayor still declining funding in August 2020, a Mayor of London spokesperson said: “The Cremorne Bridge is a borough-led project. Given that there are already a number of cross-river connections in this part of west London, the Mayor has been clear that it is the responsibility of the bridge promoters to secure support, permission and funding for this scheme.” The forecast opening date is 2025, taking 18 months to build and audit.

Architecture
The style of the bridge is a combination of bright and biomimetic adopting the tensile strength and overall flexibility of a repeating cross-matrix of thin tapering sections. The bridge design has three spans comprising a small central arch flanked by two larger outer arches, supported by four piers.  The maximum height of the bridge is 18.41m AOD, rising approximately 4.5m above the neighbouring railway bridge. The primary structure material is painted structural steel.

The deck is to be shared by pedestrians and cyclists.

The three‐span arrangement of the bridge, with larger outer spans and a smaller central span, maintains unobstructed access to the pier at Albion Quay on the south of the river. It also minimises the need for foundations in the river while limiting the structural height so that the bridge does not extend into the airspace required by the nearby Battersea Heliport. The use of diamond‐shaped steel sections both reflects the name of the bridge and allows the arch section size to be varied to provide efficiency, providing material only where it is needed. With the depth of the sections significantly reduced at towards the top of the arches, the long‐views of the bridge will appear particularly elegant.

Neighbouring bridge

The adjoining Battersea Railway Bridge is to be joined onto at the feet of the footbridge; it is a multi-arch bridge, with flat deck, opened on 2 March 1863.

See also

 List of crossings of the River Thames
 List of bridges in London

References

External links
Official Website (archive)
Project page on one-world design's website
Expedition Engineering
Project page on Beckett Rankine's Website
London Assembly press release

Pedestrian bridges across the River Thames
Pedestrian bridges in London
Transport in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Transport in the London Borough of Wandsworth


title: Guilford (CDP), Maine

text:
Guilford is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Guilford in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 945 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Guilford is located at  (45.169966, −69.388721).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), of which 2.0 square miles (5.1 km2)  is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2)  (2.00%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 945 people, 407 households, and 264 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 506 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.25% White, 0.74% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.11% from other races, and 1.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.

There were 407 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,596, and the median income for a family was $34,125. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $18,929 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,071. About 10.8% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Piscataquis County, Maine


The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict was a United Nations fact-finding mission established by a resolution of the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) on 23 July 2014 to investigate "all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law … in the context of the military operations conducted since 13 June 2014" in the Palestinian territories, particularly the Gaza Strip, during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.

William Schabas was appointed chairman of the three-member committee. Amal Clooney (Lebanon) declined the nomination, and Doudou Diène (Senegal) accepted. Former US judge McGowan Davis joined the committee as the third member. On 2 February 2015, Schabas resigned after it was revealed that he had been a paid consultant for the PLO in 2012.

The final report of the committee was issued on 22 June 2015. The enquiry reported evidence of "serious violations" by both sides. "Israel dismissed the investigation as "politically motivated and morally flawed", while Hamas said it wrongly equated "the victim and executioner"."
The report said 2,251 people, of whom 1,462 were civilians, were killed on the Palestinian side, 67 soldiers and 6 civilians on the Israeli side.

Mission members
On 11 August 2014, the UNHRC established a committee to investigate alleged war crimes during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.

William Schabas, a Canadian professor of international law, was named chairman of the committee.

Amal Clooney, from Lebanon, was selected due to her expertise on international law. She turned down the offer.

Doudou Diène, from Senegal, was selected due to his expertise on racial discrimination.

Mary McGowan Davis, a former New York Supreme Court Judge, was selected on 25 August to be the third member, replacing Clooney.

Mandate of mission and expertise
The investigation was to investigate "purported violations of international humanitarian and human rights laws in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and particularly in the Gaza Strip since the conflict began on June 13." The committee's report was due in March 2015, but that was deferred to 29 June 2015 after the resignation of Schabas on 2 February 2015. The final report was issued on 22 June 2015.

Schabas controversy
Schabas's appointment was criticized by Canada's Foreign Minister, John Baird, and the Geneva-based advocacy NGO UN Watch. They noted that Schabas, remarking on what he sees as the political bias in the choice of cases to prosecute made by the International Criminal Court, had asked: "Why are we going after the President of Sudan for Darfur and not the President of Israel for Gaza?" Schabas dismissed Baird's accusation as absurd, noting that he, Schabas, was on the editorial board of the Israel Law Review. In reply to UN Watch's demand he recuse himself on the grounds that he had once criticized Benjamin Netanyahu, Schabas countered:'"Like everybody inside and outside Israel, I disagree with people. Is everyone in Israel who has an opinion about (Benjamin) Netanyahu anti-Israel?".'

Schabas said at the time that there was some merit in comments by critics that Israel was being singled out by the UN for human rights violations, but added that double standards and bias in the UN works both ways, at times to Israel's advantage, citing the fact that the United States almost invariably vetoes resolutions critical of Israel in the Security Council. In short, he concluded:

Let's just say that it's a plausible complaint that maybe Israel has gotten a lot of attention at the Human Rights Council but at the same time it has perhaps had a lot of inattention at the Security Council, so the double standards work in both directions for Israel.

The Israeli government condemned the appointment of Schabas, and Israel's Ambassador to the UN, Ron Prosor, said in an interview "Forming an investigatory committee headed by Schabas is like inviting ISIS to organize religious tolerance week at the UN." Schabas replied that he does not hate Israel and that he will put his prior positions aside, adding: "Even if Spiderman was heading the probe, they [Israel] would've attacked him."

On 2 February 2015, Schabas resigned after an Israeli complaint that he had billed the Palestine Liberation Organization for $US1,300 in 2012 for legal advice he gave them at their request, a precedent which might constitute evidence of a conflict of interest with his position as head of the investigative committee. He stated that he did not want the controversy to overshadow the work of the Gaza inquiry. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called on the UNHRC to shelve its report: "After the resignation of the committee chairman, who was biased against Israel, the report must not be published". Avidor Liberman attributed Schabas's resignation to Israel's diplomatic work, stating that: "appointing Schabas to investigate Israel was like appointing Cain to investigate Abel." In reply, Schabas said the Prime Minister was entitled to spin the matter any way he liked, and that both he and Avigdor Liberman were "masters of extravagant and ridiculous statements." According to Israeli commentator Gideon Levy, Schabas had fallen victim to investigative character assassination.

In an interview with the BBC Schabas admitted that "there is a distortion in the amount of attention given against Israel, and the number of resolutions directed against Israel" but defended the claim by saying Israel gets a "soft ride in the Security Council hearings."

Reactions

Committee reactions
 Israel – The committee was criticized by Israel as being biased against Israel, and was to referred to by Israel as a Kangaroo Court. Israel's UN Ambassador, Ron Prosor, met with Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon, to request he condemn the appointment Schabas, comparing to the appointment of Schabas to ISIS teaching religious tolerance. Netanyahu spoke out against the fact finding mission, stating that by investigating Israel, the UN is legitimizing what he said was terror groups like Hamas and ISIS.
 United States – US State Department spokeswoman, Marie Harf stated that although there are certain aspects that should be investigated, however criticized the committee by saying "there's a way to investigate things that's not one-sided and biased, and there's a way that we don't support."
 Palestinian Authority – Palestinian Authority Foreign Minister, Riyad al-Maliki, stated that he was confident that the committee would find Israel guilty of war crimes.

Military experts
 Colonel Richard Kemp CBE (ret.), former Commander of British Forces in Afghanistan, stated that the committee's report was flawed and dangerous, "that can only provoke further violence and loss of life". Saying that the report starts with preoccupied attributions for responsibilities for the conflict to Israel's blockade of Gaza and the "protracted occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip", he argues that Israel withdrew from Gaza 10 years ago and imposed a selective blockade only in response to attacks by Hamas (2007) and illegal imports of war materials from Iran. Judge Davis gave no evidence to substantiate the committee's claims of "serious violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law" by the IDF, Kemp says. He also said that the committee self-admittedly lacked military expertise, and Kemp stated that the report is in deed "characterized by a lack of understanding of warfare", and that it "legitimizes Hamas's rocket and tunnel attacks and even sympathizes with the geographical challenges in launching rockets at Israeli civilians" out of densely populated areas, in violation of international humanitarian law.

See also
 United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict
 International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine

References

2014 Israel–Gaza conflict
Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the United Nations
United Nations commissions


title: Guilford, Maine

text:
Guilford is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The town is located on the Piscataquis River and was first settled in 1806. The population was 1,267 at the time of the 2020 census.

History
In 1803, Rev. Robert Low and Deacon Robert Herring of New Gloucester purchased several thousand acres in the area from Bowdoin College. The town itself was first settled on February 18, 1806. On October 8, 1812, a warrant was issued for the tract to be designated a "plantation," which became effective on November 11, 1806. The town was officially incorporated by the governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on February 8, 1816. It was named after Moses Guilford Low, the first white child born here.

On June 5, 2020, President Donald Trump visited Guilford visiting Puritan Medical Products during the COVID-19 pandemic. His visit drew large crowds to the Piscataquis County town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,521 people, 693 households, and 426 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 882 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.9% White, 0.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 693 households, of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.70.

The median age in the town was 46.3 years. 19.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 30.4% were from 45 to 64; and 20.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,531 people, 652 households, and 438 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 857 housing units at an average density of 24.5 per square mile (9.5/km). The racial makeup of the town was 96.28% White, 0.13% Black or African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 2.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.20% of the population.

There were 652 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $27,500, and the median income for a family was $32,311. Males had a median income of $26,176 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,303. About 11.2% of families and 16.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Guilford is part of Maine School Administrative District #4. The two schools in the district are Piscataquis Community Middle School and Piscataquis Community High School.

In popular culture
Guilford is an important setting in the science fiction novels Supervolcano Trilogy by Harry Turtledove.

Notable people

 Stephen Hall, politician
 James H. Hudson, lawyer and judge
 Roxanne Quimby, businesswoman and founder of Burt's Bees
 Charles Tefft, sculptor

References

External links
 Town of Guilford

Towns in Piscataquis County, Maine
Towns in Maine


title: Milo (CDP), Maine

text:
Milo is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Milo in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,898 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Milo is located at  (45.250182, −68.983186).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.0 square miles (20.8 km), of which 7.8 square miles (20.1 km)  is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km)  (3.12%) is water. Milo is located at the confluence of the Sebec River with the Piscataquis River.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,898 people, 830 households, and 522 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 977 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.52% White, 0.42% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.21% of the population.

There were 830 households, out of which 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $23,870, and the median income for a family was $32,094. Males had a median income of $29,833 versus $19,554 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,752. About 13.4% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
 Town of Milo, Maine
 Milo Free Public Library
 Milo Historical Society

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Piscataquis County, Maine


title: Milo, Maine

text:
Milo is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,251 at the 2020 census. Milo includes the village of Derby. The town sits in the valley of the Piscataquis, Sebec and Pleasant Rivers in the foothills of the Longfellow Mountains and is the gateway to many pristine hunting, fishing, hiking, boating, and other outdoor tourist locations such as Schoodic, Seboeis, and Sebec Lakes, Mount Katahdin and its backcountry in Baxter State Park and the Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument, Katahdin Iron Works and Gulf Hagas.

History
The community was first known as Township Number 3 in the seventh range north of the Waldo Patent. It was settled by Benjamin Sargent and his son, Theophilus, from Methuen, Massachusetts, on May 2, 1802. On January 21, 1823, it was incorporated as Milo, named after Milo of Croton, a famous athlete from ancient Croton in Magna Graecia, Italy. It would become a trade center, with Trafton's Falls providing water power for early industry. In 1823, Winborn A. Swett built a dam at the  river drop and erected the first sawmill. Thomas White soon added a carding and fulling mill. The Joseph Cushing & Company built a woolen textile mill in 1842, but it burned six years later.

The Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad arrived in 1868–1869, and Milo developed into a small mill town. It produced numerous lumber goods, and in 1879 the Boston Excelsior Company built a factory to manufacture excelsior. The American Thread Company built a factory with a narrow gauge industrial railway in 1901–1902, moving its equipment from Willimantic, Connecticut.

Derby village
The early Bangor & Piscataquis and Bangor & Katahdin Iron Works railroads met at Milo Junction. After these railroads merged into the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, Milo Junction became the company town of Derby with the second largest railroad car shop and repair facility in New England. In 1906 the railroad invested $414,448.95 in brick buildings including a two-story office, a planing mill, and an enginehouse with a  locomotive shop and a 54,000-square-foot car shop connected by a  transfer table moving  back and forth above a repair pit. Employee housing initially included a 45-room hotel with a dining room for single railroad shopmen and 46 homes with bathrooms, hot water boilers, ranges, and electric lights for married men. The village expanded to include stores and 72 identical employee houses arranged in four rows along First and Second Streets.  These uniformly-colored structures were sold by the railroad in 1959; and the hotel became a community center.

Ku Klux Klan

On Labor Day 1923, Milo became the site of the Ku Klux Klan's first daylight parade in the northern United States. Seventy-five members of the Klan marched during the town's centennial celebration.

2008 fire
On September 14, 2008, a fire destroyed several buildings in downtown Milo, including a flower shop, an arcade, and a True Value hardware store. Because of the age, composition, and vicinity of these buildings, the fire easily spread and devastated much of Main Street. Fire departments from Milo and from several surrounding towns were called in to extinguish the fire. No injuries were reported. Arson was determined to be the cause.

In January 2009, Christopher M. Miliano was arrested and indicted on two counts of arson, one count of theft, one count of burglary, and one count of aggravated assault; prosecutors claimed that Miliano set fire to a pub he had burglarized, resulting in the blaze. In July 2009, Miliano entered a guilty plea for his offense, and was sentenced by the Piscatiquis County Superior Court to twenty years in prison, with all but eight years suspended.

In popular culture
The Sign of the Beaver is a children's historical novel by Elizabeth George Speare published in 1983. The story is set in the 18th century and follows a 12-year-old boy, Matt James Hallowell, who is building a log cabin with his father in the wilderness of Maine. Left alone at the cabin while his father leaves to retrieve the rest of the family, Matt struggles to cope with challenging survival situations and is ultimately aided by the appearance of Attean, a member of the indigenous Beaver tribe. The Sign of the Beaver was inspired by a true story dating from 1802 and documented in a history of the small town of Milo, Maine; in it, a teenage boy left to care for his family's cabin was helped by the local Natives when his supplies were ravaged by a bear. The book is one of Speare's most popular novels, winning multiple literary awards including the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. A 1997 TV movie called Keeping the Promise was based on Speare's novel.
The climatic charge in the Battle of Little Round Top and other events captured in Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Killer Angels (1975), and Gettysburg, the 1993 movie based on the book, relied heavily on just a few surviving diaries such as the one from Milo's Sergeant William T. Livermore. His diary reads, “We were ordered to charge them when there were two to our one. With fixed bayonets and with a yell we rushed on them, which so frightened them, that not another shot was fired on us. Some threw down their arms and ran but many rose up, begging to be spared...After chasing them as far as prudent, we ‘rallied around the colors’ and gave three hearty cheers, then went back to our old position, with our prisoners.” An archive copy of his diary can be found at the Milo Historical Society.

Photo gallery

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and  is water. The town is located at the confluence of the Sebec River and the Piscataquis River. The Pleasant River is also within the town lines, giving the town the nickname of Town of Three Rivers. Milo is located within a few miles of the exact center of the state of Maine.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot summers and cold winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Milo has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,340 people, 1,034 households, and 645 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 1,274 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 1.0% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 1,034 households, of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.6% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the town was 44.7 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,383 people, 1,021 households, and 659 families residing in the town.  The population density was .  There were 1,215 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 98.36% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 0.59% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.17% of the population.

There were 1,021 households, out of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $24,432, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $27,393 versus $19,952 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,732.  About 12.8% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.7% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

 Milo Historical Society & Museum
 Harrigan Learning Center and Museum
 Milo-Brownville & Points North Visitors Center
 Milo Public Library
 Katahdin Country Club
 Veterans Park
 Doble Park
 Maine ITS Snowmobile Trails –  ITS 82 and 83
 ATV trails
 Bissell Brothers Brewing Three Rivers

Education
 Penquis Valley High School
Penquis Valley Middle School
Milo Elementary
Brownville Elementary

Notable people

 Wilder Stevens Metcalf, U.S. Army major general, member of the Kansas Senate
 Oswald Tippo, Botanist and educator
 Edward Youngblood, State legislator

References

External links
Milo Town Office
Fire of 2008 page from the Milo Historical Society

Towns in Piscataquis County, Maine
Towns in Maine
Company towns in Maine


title: Kaum De Heere

text:
Kaum De Heere (English translation: Gems of the Community or Diamonds of the Community) is a 2014 Indian Punjabi-language biographical film by Ravinder Ravi based on the lives of Satwant Singh, Beant Singh and Kehar Singh, who assassinated Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India in 1984.

On 29 August 2019, the Delhi High Court allowed the theatrical release of the film which had earlier been banned by the Central Board of Film Certification from public screening.

Cast
 Raj Kakra as Beant Singh
 Sukhdeep Sukh as Satwant Singh
 Isha Sharma as Surinder Kaur
 Sardar Sohi as Kehar Singh

References

2014 films
Assassination of Indira Gandhi
Films about massacres of Sikhs
Punjabi-language Indian films
2010s Punjabi-language films
Film censorship in India
Films based on 1984 anti-Sikh riots
Fictional portrayals of the Delhi Police
Fictional portrayals of the Punjab Police (India)
Indian biographical films
Indian films based on actual events
Indian propaganda films

Cultural depictions of Indira Gandhi
Censored films
Sikhism-related controversies
Religious controversies in film
Religious controversies in India


title: Euro Currency Index

text:
The Euro Currency Index (EUR_I) represents the arithmetic ratio of four major currencies against the Euro: the American dollar, British sterling, the Japanese yen and the Swiss franc. All ratios are expressed in units of currency per Euro. The index was launched in 2004 by the exchange portal Stooq.com. Underlying are 100 points on 4 January 1971. Before the introduction of the European single currency on 1 January 1999 an exchange rate of 1 euro = DM 1.95583 was calculated.

Based on the progression, the Euro Currency Index can show the strength or weakness of the euro. A rising index indicates an appreciation of the euro against the currencies in the currency basket, a falling index in contrast, a devaluation. Relationships to commodity indices are recognizable. A rising Euro Currency Index means a tendency of falling commodity prices. This is especially true for agricultural commodities and the price of oil. Even the prices of precious metals (gold and silver) are correlated with the index.

Arithmetically weighted Euro Currency Index is comparable to the trade-weighted euro Effective exchange rate index of the European Central Bank (ECB). The index of ECB measures much more accurately the value of the Euro, compared to the Euro Currency Index, since the competitiveness of European goods in comparison to other countries and trading partners is included in it.

Former Euro Currency Indexes

Dow Jones & Company
On September 13, 2005 Dow Jones & Company published two versions of the index, the Dow Jones Euro Currency Index (DJEURO) and the Dow Jones Euro Currency 5 Index (DJEURO5). Underlying of each were 100 points on 31 December 1998.

Dow Jones Euro Currency Index: Index measured the changes in value of the euro against 10 currencies: the US dollar, the yen, sterling, the Swiss Franc, the rouble, the Swedish krona, the won, the Canadian dollar, the New Taiwan dollar and the Australian dollar.
Dow Jones Euro Currency 5 Index: It was a key figure, which compared the value of the Euro by a basket of currencies of five of the world's most liquid currencies: the US dollar, the Japanese yen, Sterling, the Swiss franc and Australian dollar.

The calculation of the Dow Jones Euro Currency 5 Index was set on 29 August 2008 (last value 121.97 points)  and the calculation of the Dow Jones Euro Currency Index on 9 January 2009 (last value 119.41 points).

New York Board of Trade
The Euro Currency Index (ECX, also EURX or EXY) was launched on 13 January 2006 by the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) and calculated back to 2001. In 2007, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) based in Atlanta (USA) changed the name of the stock exchange in IntercontinentalExchange
The index was a ratio that compared the value of the euro by a currency basket of five currencies: US dollar (31.55 percent), sterling (30.56 percent), yen (18.91 percent), Swiss franc (11.13 percent) and the Swedish krona (7.85 percent).

The ECX was the geometrically weighted average compared to these currencies. The formula for the calculation was 34.38805726 multiplied by the product of all components in the basket of currencies, that have been raised to a high number of their percentage, weighting equal to:

ECX = 34.38805726 x (EURUSD^(0.3155) x EURGBP^(0.3056) x EURJPY^(0.1891) x EURCHF^(0.1113) x EURSEK^(0.0785))

The all-time low was constructed on 6 July 2001, with 83.36 points and the all-time high on July 14, 2008, 123.82 points. On 20 May 2011, the exchange ICE Futures U.S. ended the trading of futures and options on the index.
On July 28, 2011, the calculation of the ICE Euro Currency Index was discontinued (last value was 108.88 points).

Historical overview
The Euro Currency Index started on 4 January 1971 with 100 points. Before the introduction of the European single currency on 1 January 1999, an exchange rate of 1 euro = DM 1.95583 was calculated.

On April 19, 1971, the Euro Currency Index gained 99.67 points calculated with an all-time low. Until 3 December 1979, the index rose by 68.0 percent to 167.43 points. With the depreciation of the D–Mark against the major currencies, the index fell to mid-1980s. On 3 May 1985, the Euro Currency Index was at level 122.26 points, up by 27.0 percent. The strength of the D–Mark against almost all global currencies set the index in the following years to rise again. On 5 October 1992, a value of 195.98 points was determined. The increase in 1985 was 60.3 percent. On 25 October 2000, the index closed at 130.83 points, up by 33.2 percent.

In 2000 began a multi-year upward movement of the euro. On 29 December 2008, the index marked 209.65 points, an all-time high. The profit since year 2000 is 60.2 percent. In the course of the international financial crisis, from which the U.S. real estate crisis originated in the summer of 2007, the index began to decline. On 6 February 2009 a value of 187.84 points was determined. In the following eight months, the European single currency rebounded from the lows. On 13 October 2009, the index rose by 208.45 points, near its historical high point.

A financial crisis in several member states of the Euro zone in 2010 led to the outbreak of the euro crisis. Particularly affected is Greece (see Greek government-debt crisis from 2010), but also other countries such as Ireland, Spain, Italy and Portugal. The weakness of the Euro against almost all global currencies caused the index to fall from 29 June 2010 to 175.31 points. In the following months, the European Stability Mechanism was developed, which provides for mutual assistance in case of emergency to avoid the bankruptcy of the Member States. By May 4, 2011, the index rose to a level of 200.20 points. With the intensification of the sovereign debt crisis in the Euro zone, the Euro Currency Index fell 24 July 2012 with 168.38 points, its lowest level since March 29, 2006. Compared to the all-time high of 29 December 2008, this represents a decrease of 19.7 percent.

Yearly trend
The below table shows the annual high, low and closing levels of the back-calculated Euro Currency Index from 1971 until 2012.

¹ 31. December 2012

External links
 Actual Exchange Rate
 Historical Rate

References

Economic growth
Macroeconomic indicators
Currency
Euro
Government debt


title: Topsham (CDP), Maine

text:
Topsham is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Topsham in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 6,271 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Topsham is located at  (43.932006, −69.953815).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29.0 km), of which 11.0 square miles (28.5 km)  is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km)  (1.43%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,271 people, 2,375 households, and 1,681 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 2,486 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.45% White, 1.80% Black or African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.48% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.58% of the population.

There were 2,375 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $45,634, and the median income for a family was $53,077. Males had a median income of $36,011 versus $30,198 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,995. About 2.3% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Portland metropolitan area, Maine
Census-designated places in Sagadahoc County, Maine


title: Topsham, Maine

text:
Topsham () is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 9,560 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The town is home to the annual Topsham Fair.

History

Called Sawacook, the area was territory of the Pejepscot Abenaki Indians, a subtribe of the Anasagunticooks (now Androscoggins), who controlled the Androscoggin River. They lived and fished at Pejepscot Falls. But a plague, probably smallpox brought by Europeans, decimated the tribe's population in 1615–1616. On June 16, 1632, the area was granted by the Plymouth Council to Thomas Purchase and George Way, later acquired by Richard Wharton and then, in 1714, by the Pejepscot Company.

The first sawmill was built in 1716 on the Cathance River and, in 1717, the plantation received the name Topsham, named for Topsham in Devon, England. On January 31, 1764, it was incorporated as a town by the Massachusetts General Court. Shipbuilding and lumber mills were important early businesses, the latter especially active between 1750 and 1770. There was a gristmill and brickyard. Pejepscot Falls provided water power to operate mills, and industries included a door, window sash and stairway factory, shingle mill, watch factory, pottery maker, nail factory, pitchfork factory, two tanneries, tobacco manufacturer, two feldspar quarries and a marble works. In 1856, the Sagadahoc Agricultural & Horticultural Society erected its building and fairgrounds, and the town remains host to the annual Topsham Fair.

In 1756, a toll bridge connecting Brunswick and Topsham was constructed by the "Proprietors of the Androscoggin Bridge." It was destroyed by fire in 1842. The current Frank J. Wood Bridge, known as "the Green Bridge", was opened in 1932. In 1936, a large flood hit Brunswick and Topsham, damaging the pedestrian "Swing Bridge" and causing the Androscoggin to flow through the lower levels of the Pejepscot Mill.

It is thought that Topsham and Brunswick have safe houses related to the Underground Railroad. Although the Underground Railroad was only metaphorically underground, it is thought that in Brunswick and Topsham, it was (in parts) actually underground, utilizing tunnels
which ran between safe houses. These tunnels were constructed of carefully laid red brick with vertical side walls, an arched top and a flat brick-paved bottom up to some  wide which would allow the easy passage of individuals on foot as well as a horse and buggy if desired. In Topsham, tunnels were constructed from the Granny-Hole Mill on the Androscoggin River up to the Samuel Veazie House, passing through the Charles Thompson House and the Walker Homestead on the way.

The Brunswick and Topsham Water District was incorporated in 1903.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Located beside Merrymeeting Bay at the mouth of the Androscoggin River, Topsham is drained by the Cathance River, Little River and Muddy River.

The town is crossed by Interstate 295, U.S. Route 201, and state routes 24 and 196. It borders the towns of Bowdoin and Bowdoinham to the north, Brunswick to the south, and Durham and Lisbon to the northwest. The highest point in the town is Tate Hill.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 8,784 people, 3,720 households, and 2,453 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 4,167 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 96.1% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 3,720 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 52.8% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.1% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 persons and the average family size was 2.81 persons.

The median age in the town was 45.2 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,100 people, 3,424 households, and 2,461 families living in the town.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,682, and the median income for a family was $52,134. Males had a median income of $35,943 versus $25,581 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,135.  About 3.0% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education
Public schools in the area are operated by Maine School Administrative District 75.
There are two elementary schools: Williams-Cone School and Woodside Elementary.  The middle school is Mt. Ararat Middle School, and the high school is Mt. Ararat High School.

Sites of interest
 Androscoggin Pedestrian Swinging Bridge
 Pejepscot Paper Company Mill (1868)

Notable people

 William A. Ellis, former member of the Wisconsin Senate, was born in Topsham
 Frank Glazer, pianist, composer and professor of music
 Elijah Kellogg, minister, lecturer, author
 Holman S. Melcher, Civil War era officer and politician
 Benjamin Orr, US congressman
 Benjamin Randall, US congressman
 John Rensenbrink, co-founder of the Maine Green Independent Party and the Green Party of the United States
 Carter Smith, film director and fashion photographer

References

Further reading
  History of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, Maine Including Ancient Pejebscot.  By George Augustus Wheeler and Henry Warren Wheeler. Published 1878. Full image at books.google.
 Pejepscot Historical Society

External links

 Town of Topsham, Maine
 Topsham Public Library
 Pejepscot Historical Society

Portland metropolitan area, Maine
Towns in Sagadahoc County, Maine
Towns in Maine
Pejepscot, Maine


title: Nikolai Khmelnitsky

text:
Nikolai Ivanovich Khmelnitsky (, 22 [o.s. 11] August 1789, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, - 20 [o.s. 8] September 1845, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian dramatist, literary critic and translator. In 1812-1814, as an army officer, he was Mikhail Kutuzov's adjutant, and later, in 1829-1838, served as a governor of Smolensk. Khmelnitsky's chosen genre was the saloon comedy, and many prominent authors, Alexander Pushkin among them, valued him as an influential figure in the Russian literary scene of the 1820s.

Biography
Nikolai Ivanovich Khmelnitsky was born in Saint Peterburg, a son of Ivan Parfyonovich Khmelnitsky, a doctor of philosophy at the University of Königsberg. His uncle Nikolai Emin, also a writer, did a lot to provide the boy with high quality primary education. After graduating the Mining Cadet corps in 1804 he joined the Russia’s Foreign ministry.

As the 1812 War broke out, Khmelnitsky joined the Russian army and at one time served as Mikhail Kutuzov’s adjutant. He took part in several 1813-1814 campaigns and was among the Russian troops that entered Paris. After the War he became the head of Saint Petersburg’s military governor General Miloradovich's chancellery.

By the early 1820s Khmelnitsky was already a well-known playwright whose works were produced by several Russian theatres. His first success, Govorun (The Chatterbox, 1817), a re-make of Louis de Boissy's comedy, is considered "one of the finest Russian saloon comedies," according to biographer K.Rogov. Khmelnitsky's vaudevillian operas (The Quarantin, 1820; Actors Among Themselves or Actress Troyepolskaya's Debut, 1821; The Newest Prank or the Theatre Battle, 1822) were praised as a successful attempt to create the new, Russian flank of the genre.

In 1829 Khmelnitsky was appointed the Smolensk Governor and made himself the reputation of a liberal official. In 1838, though, he was arrested, accused of embezzlement, and spent a year (1838-1839) in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In 1843 Kmelnitsky was acquitted, but, according to K.Borozdin, the shock of the imprisonment proved too much for him and he "became unrecognizable."

In 1844 Khmelnitsky went abroad, having professed his disillusionment with the state of the Russian drama, but soon returned due to deteriorated health. Several historical comedies he wrote in 1840s (The Tsar's Word or Rumyantsev's Marriage, Zinovy Bogdanovich Khmelnitsky or The Joining of Malorossiya, The Russian Faust or Bryusov Cabinet) were published after his death in 1845. The collection of his major works (The Theatre of Nikolai Khmelnitsky, in 2 volumes, Saint Petersburg, 1829-1830) was re-issued in 1849.

References

1789 births
1845 deaths
Russian male writers


title: Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain

text:
The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, officially and popularly known as Eros, is a fountain surmounted by a winged statue of Anteros, located at the southeastern side of Piccadilly Circus in London, England. Moved after the Second World War from its original position in the centre of the circus, it was erected in 1892–93 to commemorate the philanthropic works of The 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, the Victorian politician and philanthropist, and his achievement in replacing child labour with school education. The fountain overlooks the south-west end of Shaftesbury Avenue, also named after the Earl.

Description and history
Alfred Gilbert's use of a nude figure on a public monument was controversial at the time of its construction, but it was generally well received by the public. The Magazine of Art described it as "a striking contrast to the dull ugliness of the generality of our street sculpture, ... a work which, while beautifying one of our hitherto desolate open spaces, should do much towards the elevation of public taste in the direction of decorative sculpture, and serve freedom for the metropolis from any further additions of the old order of monumental monstrosities." The statue has been called "London's most famous work of sculpture"; a graphical illustration of it is used as the symbol of the Evening Standard newspaper and appears on its masthead. It was the first sculpture in the world to be cast in aluminium and is set on a bronze fountain, which itself inspired the marine motifs that Gilbert carved on the statue.

Although the statue is generally known as Eros, it was created as an image of that Greek god's brother, Anteros. The sculptor Alfred Gilbert had already sculpted a statue of Anteros and, when commissioned for the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, chose to reproduce the same subject, who, as "The God of Selfless Love" was deemed to represent the philanthropic 7th Earl of Shaftesbury suitably. Gilbert described Anteros as portraying "reflective and mature love, as opposed to Eros or Cupid, the frivolous tyrant." Gilbert commented on his reason for the statue, saying:

The model for the sculpture was Gilbert's studio assistant, a 16-year-old Anglo-Italian, Angelo Colarossi (born 1875 in Shepherd's Bush).
Fernando Meacci was involved in the moulding of the fountain and it was probably cast by George Broad & Son.

The memorial was unveiled by The 1st Duke of Westminster on 29 June 1893. Following the unveiling there were numerous complaints. Some felt it was sited in a vulgar part of town (the theatre district), and others felt that it was too sensual as a memorial for a famously sober and respectable Earl. Some of the objections were tempered by renaming the statue as The Angel of Christian Charity, which was the nearest approximation that could be invented in Christian terms for the role Anteros played in the Greek pantheon. However, the name never became widely known and the statue was thence referred to as Eros, the god of sensual love; inappropriate some said in relation to the Earl's commemoration, but hailed by others as an ironic representation of the more carnal side of the neighbourhood, into which Soho had developed.

The whole memorial has been removed from the circus twice in its history. In 1922, construction began on the new tube station directly beneath the memorial. The memorial was therefore taken away and put in Embankment Gardens. It returned to Piccadilly Circus in 1931, but when the Second World War broke out in 1939, the statue only was removed for safety and kept in Egham. It did not return to Piccadilly Circus again until 1948.
The statue was again removed in the 1980s – this time for restoration – and resited upon its return in February 1985. During the restoration a set of plaster casts was unearthed in the basements of the Victoria and Albert Museum which revealed damage to the statue. The statue was also vandalised in 1990 and after radiography and restoration returned in 1994. In May 2012 the statue had a new bow string fitted after the original was broken by a tourist.

In the winter of 2013–14, the statue was covered with a PVC snow globe featuring internal fans blowing the "snowflakes". This also had the function of protecting the statue from vandalism and it was planned to return in subsequent years. However, strong winds caused the globe to become damaged and deflate and it was not subsequently repaired. In winter 2014–15, octagonal advertising hoardings forming a box for giant Christmas presents had a similar function.

See also
 1893 in art
 Art Gallery of South Australia, which has a replica
 Greek mythology in western art and literature
 Sefton Park, a park in Liverpool with a replica

References

External links

 The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain at University of London & History of Parliament Trust

1893 establishments in the United Kingdom
1893 sculptures
Aluminium sculptures in the United Kingdom
Bronze sculptures in the City of Westminster
Drinking fountains in the United Kingdom
Grade I listed statues in the City of Westminster
Grade I listed monuments and memorials
Ancient Greece in art and culture
Monuments and memorials in London
Nude sculptures in the United Kingdom
Outdoor sculptures in London
Piccadilly Circus
Sculptures by Alfred Gilbert
Art Nouveau architecture in London
Art Nouveau sculptures and memorials


title: Anson (CDP), Maine

text:
Anson is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Anson in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 818 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Anson is located at  (44.801182, −69.892315).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.7 km2), of which 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2)  is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km2)  (6.38%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 818 people, 324 households, and 204 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 344 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.31% White, 0.12% Native American, and 2.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.37% of the population.

There were 324 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $25,875 versus $21,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,910. About 11.8% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 19.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine


title: Dennis Williams (ice hockey)

text:
Dennis Williams (born August 14, 1979) is a Canadian ice hockey coach currently in charge of the Everett Silvertips of the Western Hockey League. Williams was the interim head coach at his alma mater, Bowling Green, after the sudden resignation of Scott Paluch.

Career statistics

Head coaching record

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Bowling Green Falcons men's ice hockey players
Bowling Green Falcons ice hockey coaches
Everett Silvertips coaches
Ice hockey people from Stratford, Ontario
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian ice hockey coaches


title: Anson, Maine

text:
Anson is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,291 at the time of the 2020 census. It includes the villages of Anson and North Anson.

History

The land upon which Anson was founded was historically home to the Norridgewock Abenaki. It was first settled in 1772 as Plantation Number One in what would become Somerset County on March 1, 1809. General Benedict Arnold and his troops passed through Anson village in 1775 on their way up the Kennebec River to the ill-fated Battle of Quebec. The town was incorporated on March 1, 1798, as Anson, named after Lord George Anson. On March 20, 1845, North Anson was set off as a separate town, although on March 13, 1855, it reunited with Anson.

With much rich alluvial soil, Anson became an agricultural town. Water power sites around the Carrabassett River helped North Anson develop into a small mill town. In 1859, it had two tanneries. It had two sawmills and three boot and shoe factories in 1886, when the town produced boots, shoes, leather, bricks, lumber, flour and wool rolls. By 1876, North Anson had become the northern terminus of the Somerset Railroad, which began at Oakland in 1872. As Madison grew into an industrial center with large paper mills, Anson became a residential district for its mill workers.

As of June 14, 2007, the abandoned Pan Am Railways spur was reopened, and the first train ran the length of the line for the first time in twenty years. However, in 2013, the line was abandoned by Pan Am Railways. On November 30, 2021, it was announced that the State of Maine had acquired the former rail line for conversion into a multi-use rail trail, as part of a larger project to create a trail from Oakland to Embden.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and  is water. Anson is drained by Mill Stream, Gilbert Brook, Lemon Stream, the Carrabassett River and the Kennebec River.

The town is crossed by U. S. 201A and state routes 8, 16, 43, 148 and 234. It borders the towns of Starks to the south, Industry and New Vineyard to the west, New Portland and Embden to the north, and (across the Kennebec River) Madison to the east.

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Anson has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. It has no weather reporting station.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,511 people, 1,069 households, and 684 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 1,300 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 1,069 households, of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.79.

The median age in the town was 44.3 years. 20.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.9% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 17.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,583 people, 1,031 households, and 700 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 1,193 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.34% White, 0.08% Black or African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.04% Asian, and 1.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.

There were 1,031 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,088, and the median income for a family was $30,888. Males had a median income of $24,335 versus $18,194 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,691. About 12.1% of families and 20.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

 Frank H. Holley, Maine state legislator
 Eugene H. Merrill, Old Testament scholar
 Lloyd T. Pullen, Wisconsin state legislator

See also

 List of towns in Maine

References

External links

 Town of Anson, Maine
 Stewart Public Library
 Anson Historical Society
 Maine.gov – Anson, Maine

Towns in Somerset County, Maine
Towns in Maine


title: Digby Shuttleworth

text:
Major-General Sir Digby Inglis Shuttleworth KCIE CB CBE DSO (23 August 1876 – 15 May 1948) was a senior British Indian Army officer.

Biography

Born on 23 August 1876, Digby Shuttleworth was educated at Bedford School, and joined the 3rd Gurkha Rifles in 1898. He served in India between 1912 and 1916, in Mesopotamia and Iran, and commanded the 39th Infantry Brigade in the Caucasus, as well as the 83rd Infantry Brigade, Army of the Black Sea, between 1917 and 1919. He was President of the Allied Commission of Control, Ottoman War Office, in 1920, and Commander of the 83rd Infantry Brigade during the Chanak Crisis, between 1920 and 1923. He was promoted to the rank of major general in 1929, was Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Northern Command, India, between 1930 and 1932, and Commander, Kohat District, between 1932 and 1936.

Major General Sir Digby Shutleworth became a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919, a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1925, and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1937. He retired from the British Indian Army in 1936 and died on 15 May 1948.

His older brother was A. R. B. Shuttleworth.

References

1876 births
1948 deaths
People educated at Bedford School
Indian Army generals of World War I
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
British people in colonial India


title: Bingham (CDP), Maine

text:
Bingham is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Bingham in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 856 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Bingham is located at  (45.057118, −69.88187).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.4 km2), all land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 856 people, 368 households, and 230 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 487 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.30% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.

There were 368 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,500, and the median income for a family was $29,950. Males had a median income of $25,795 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,849. About 18.8% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.8% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine
Census-designated places in Maine


title: Bingham, Maine

text:
Bingham is a town in Somerset County, Maine,  United States. The population was 866 at the 2020 census. Bingham is a historic town located beside the Kennebec River.

The primary settlement in town, where over 86% of the population resides, is defined as the Bingham census-designated place.

History
First settled in 1785, the town is named after William Bingham, a Philadelphia banker and politician who at one time owned two million acres (8,000 km2) of land in Maine known as the Bingham Purchase. The community was incorporated on February 6, 1812. By 1859, when the population was 752, Bingham had two water powered sawmills and two gristmills. It is located on the Old Canada Road (U. S. Route 201), which between 1820 until 1860 served as the primary link between Lower Canada and Maine. Bingham became an important Maine Central Railroad loading point for pulpwood floated down the Kennebec River to Wyman Dam until environmental regulations curtailed log driving in the 1970s.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Bingham is drained by Jackson Brook and the Kennebec River.

The town is traversed by U.S. Route 201 and Maine State Route 16. It is bordered by the towns of Moscow to the north, Brighton Plantation to the east, and Solon to the south.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bingham has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 922 people, 429 households, and 245 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 600 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.0% White, 0.9% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 429 households, of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.9% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.72.

The median age in the town was 45.7 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.2% were from 45 to 64; and 20.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 989 people, 420 households, and 267 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 619 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 99.39% White, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 420 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 46.9% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 20.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,200, and the median income for a family was $31,538. Males had a median income of $25,990 versus $16,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,724. About 15.6% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.5% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people
 Gadabout Gaddis – television pioneer, lived in Bingham. Gadabout Gaddis Airport was his base of operations. The airport, built circa 1950, was later bought by Gaddis.
 Bill Potter – singing cowboy, was born in Stratton and grew up in Bingham.

References

External links
 Bingham Union Library
 Old Canada Road Historical Society

Towns in Somerset County, Maine
Towns in Maine


title: Fairfield (CDP), Maine

text:
Fairfield is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Fairfield in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,569 at the 2000 census.

Geography
Fairfield is located at  (44.588701, −69.599716).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.8 km2), all land. Fairfield is drained by the Kennebec River.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,569 people, 1,102 households, and 689 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 1,223 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.63% White, 0.23% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.19% of the population.

There were 1,102 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,303, and the median income for a family was $41,458. Males had a median income of $30,018 versus $25,395 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,070. About 4.2% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 17.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
 Town of Fairfield, Maine
 Fairfield Historical Society
 Lawrence Public Library

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine


title: The Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade (Export) (2014)

text:
The Queen's Award for Enterprise: Sustainable Development (International Trade Export) (2014) was awarded on 21 April 2014, by Queen Elizabeth II.

The following organisations were awarded this year:

Recipients

A-E

F-M

N-Z

References

2014 awards in the United Kingdom
Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade (Export)


title: Fairfield, Maine

text:
Fairfield is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 6,484 at the 2020 census. The town includes Fairfield Center, Fairfield village and Hinckley, and borders the city of Waterville to the south. It is home to the Good Will-Hinckley School, Lawrence High School and Kennebec Valley Community College.

History
The area was territory of the Canibas tribe of Abenaki Indians residing at Taconnet village, once located downriver at the confluence of the Sebasticook and Kennebec rivers in what is today Winslow. In 1692 during King William's War, the village was burned, so the Canibas tribe abandoned the area. The French and Indian Wars finally ended in 1763, leaving the region open for English colonization. Fairfield Plantation, named for its fair aspect, was first settled in 1774.

Benedict Arnold and his troops rested and re-provisioned here in 1775 during their march up the Kennebec River to the Battle of Quebec. Following the Revolutionary War, Fairfield Plantation developed as a trade and agricultural town, with farms producing hay, grain and potatoes. It was noted for the number and quality of its cattle. On June 18, 1788, it was incorporated as Fairfield. By 1790, the community had 492 inhabitants. In 1837, it produced 11,531 bushels of wheat and a large quantity of wool.

Falls on the Kennebec drop  at Fairfield, providing water power for industry. The mill town had eight sawmills, three planing mills, a gristmill, a canned corn factory, plaster mill, three carriage factories, a sled factory, two door, sash and blind factories, a cabinet and box factory, coffin factory, a clothing factory, a marble works and a tannery. The largest factories were the textile plants—Kendall's Mills in the southeastern extremity of the town, and Somerset Mills located about two miles above.

The main line of the Maine Central Railroad passes through Fairfield on the way from Portland to Waterville to Bangor, and the Skowhegan branch of the Maine Central Railroad (originally the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad) ran along the Kennebec River from Waterville to Skowhegan, with stations in Shawmut and Hinckley (today, this line terminates at the SAPPI paper mill just north of Hinckley). The Somerset Railroad (Maine) traversed western Fairfield on a route that once ran north from Oakland to Norridgewock, Madison, Bingham, and Moosehead Lake.

In 1889, Reverend George W. Hinckley founded the Hinckley School. In 1899–1900, The Gerald Hotel was built downtown. Designed by Maine architect William Robinson Miller, it was commissioned by Amos F. Gerald, builder of the first electric trolley system in Maine. The hotel was topped with a statue of Mercury, the Roman god of speed, and remained in operation from 1900 until 1937. Miller also designed the town's Lawrence Library, dedicated on July 25, 1901, and the Lawrence High School. Today, Fairfield makes wood and paper products, and is largely a bedroom community for Waterville.

The town has three post offices because it contains four different unincorporated townships under municipal jurisdiction of the town of Fairfield:

 Fairfield Center (no post office)
 Shawmut (post office location)
 Hinckley (post office location)
 Larone  (no post office)

The third post office serves the incorporated urban Fairfield (CDP), an early name for which was Kendall's Mills. For approximately 75 years, the urban district was under a village corporation government. Thus, the town would hold New England style town meetings that covered business for the greater town, followed by a village corporation meeting to deal with urban needs, including police service, fire department service and town engineer service (public works). The non-urban, unincorporated areas—Shawmut, Fairfield Center and Hinckley—were not assessed taxes for urban services they did not receive. This arrangement ended in 1929.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Fairfield is drained by the Kennebec River.

Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fairfield has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 6,735 people, 2,793 households, and 1,851 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 3,016 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.4% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 2,793 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.7% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the town was 41.8 years. 22.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,573 people, 2,586 households, and 1,773 families residing in the town.  The population density was 122.3 people per .  There were 2,801 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 97.92% White, 0.35% Bl.ack o.r African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.05% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30% of the population.

There were 2,586 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,462, and the median income for a family was $43,533. Males had a median income of $31,227 versus $22,930 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,335.  About 6.3% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Fairfield has a government established in accordance with its municipal charter. Like many Maine towns, Fairfield has a "meeting, council, and manager" form of government. The town meeting is a citizen legislature, with limited legislative responsibility primarily related to establishing the town budget, approving annual appropriations, and approving any new indebtedness the town may incur. A five-member Town Council carries out the towns remaining legislative functions, including the creation of regulations, ordinances, and town policy, the approval of town contracts and commissions, and the appointment of town officers. The council also carries out quasi-judicial functions, such as review of certain decisions by town boards and committees or town officers. The council also oversees the work of the Town Manager. The Town Manager carries out the day to day executive functions of the town under the guidance and in consultation with the Town Council and advises the council on matters before it.

The current Town Manager is Michelle Flewelling.

Sites of interest
 L. C. Bates Museum
 Cotton-Smith House, Fairfield Historical Society Museum
 Stone historical markers commemorating:
 Benedict Arnold's 1775 encampment—north end of Main Street at its merger with Route 201.
 Veterans of American conflicts in Panama, Grenada, Lebanon, Libya and the Gulf War—across from Fairfield Primary School.

Education
Fairfield schools are part of Maine School Administrative District 49. Roberta Hersom is the Superintendent of Schools.

The following schools are in the district, Albion Elementary, Adult Education, Benton Elementary, Clinton Elementary, Fairfield Primary, District Childcare Program, Lawrence High School and Lawrence Junior High School.

Kennebec Valley Community College is located in Fairfield and is one of the seven colleges in the Maine Community College System. Colby College and Thomas College are four year colleges located in the neighboring town of Waterville.

Notable people

 Ethel Atwood, musician, orchestra founder
 Charles A. Coffin, cofounder and first President of General Electric corporation
 Frank Bunker Gilbreth Sr., pioneer of Time and Motion Study and subject of the biographical novel Cheaper by the Dozen

References

External links
 Town of Fairfield, Maine
 Lawrence Public Library
 Fairfield Historical Society

Towns in Somerset County, Maine


title: Hartland (CDP), Maine

text:
Hartland is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Hartland in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 756 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Hartland is located at  (44.882053, −69.450453).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.8 km2), of which 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2)  is land and 0.1 square mile (0.1 km2)  (2.23%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 872 people, 336 households, and 228 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 381 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.82% White, 0.34% Black or African American, 1.03% Native American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, and 0.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.23% of the population.

There were 336 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,587, and the median income for a family was $33,229. Males had a median income of $27,159 versus $21,087 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,393. About 10.4% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine


title: Hartland, Maine

text:
Hartland is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,705 at the 2020 census.

History

The area was first settled in approximately 1800, and was incorporated as Warrentown or Warrenton on February 17, 1820. It was the last town in Maine to be incorporated by the Massachusetts General Court before the Missouri Compromise which led to the birth of the state of Maine, three weeks later.

The area did not gain a library collection until 1903 when materials started being housed in the town hall.  From 1935 to 1990 the library collection could be found on Commercial St in a building that now houses the Irving Tannery Outlet.  In 1991 the library moved to its current location.  In 1995 thanks to a donation from the tannery, the library added space for a community room and children's materials.

It is the mission of the Hartland Public Library to assemble, organize, preserve, and make easily available books and other materials which will best meet the needs of the community.  The library's collection houses more than 35,000 books and seven computers which are open to the public.  There is also a meeting room which can be used for community events.  Hartland Public Library is governed by a board of trustees

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which   is land and  is water.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,782 people, 741 households, and 482 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 1,109 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.0% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 741 households, of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.0% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.80.

The median age in the town was 45.2 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 32.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.3% male and 51.7% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,816 people, 707 households, and 492 families living in the town.  The population density was .  There were 1,077 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 98.07% White, 0.22% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.06% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.

There were 707 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $29,573, and the median income for a family was $35,400. Males had a median income of $26,522 versus $21,273 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,629.  About 11.7% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links
Kennebec Valley County of Government's Profile
Sebasticook Valley Chamber of Commerce Profile
Hartland Public Library

Towns in Somerset County, Maine
Towns in Maine


title: Crown the Empire discography

text:
The discography of American metalcore band Crown the Empire consists of five studio albums, one compilation album, one EP, 31 singles and 26 music videos. Crown the Empire released their debut album titled The Fallout in November 2012 and charted in the US, peaking at 1 on the Top Heatseekers albums. In July 2014, they released The Resistance: Rise of The Runaways, which peaked at 1 on both the Top Independent Albums, Top Hard Rock Albums and was their first release that charted abroad, peaking at 184 in the UK. Their third album Retrograde was released on July 22, 2016. Their fourth album, Sudden Sky, was released on July 19, 2019. Their most recent album, Dogma, was released on April 28, 2023.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Notes

Extended plays

Singles

Featured singles

Music videos

References

Heavy metal group discographies
Discographies of American artists


title: Size

text:
Size in general is the magnitude or dimensions of a thing. More specifically, geometrical size (or spatial size) can refer to three geometrical measures: length, area, or volume. Length can be generalized to other linear dimensions (width, height, diameter, perimeter).
Size can also be measured in terms of mass, especially when assuming a density range.

In mathematical terms, "size is a concept abstracted from the process of measuring by comparing a longer to a shorter". Size is determined by the process of comparing or measuring objects, which results in the determination of the magnitude of a quantity, such as length or mass, relative to a unit of measurement. Such a magnitude is usually expressed as a numerical value of units on a previously established spatial scale, such as meters or inches.

The sizes with which humans tend to be most familiar are body dimensions (measures of anthropometry), which include measures such as human height and human body weight. These measures can, in the aggregate, allow the generation of commercially useful distributions of products that accommodate expected body sizes, as with the creation of clothing sizes and shoe sizes, and with the standardization of door frame dimensions, ceiling heights, and bed sizes. The human experience of size can lead to a psychological tendency towards size bias, wherein the relative importance or perceived complexity of organisms and other objects is judged based on their size relative to humans, and particularly whether this size makes them easy to observe without aid.

Human perception
Humans most frequently perceive the size of objects through visual cues. One common means of perceiving size is to compare the size of a newly observed object with the size of a familiar object whose size is already known. Binocular vision gives humans the capacity for depth perception, which can be used to judge which of several objects is closer, and by how much, which allows for some estimation of the size of the more distant object relative to the closer object. This also allows for the estimation of the size of large objects based on comparison of closer and farther parts of the same object. The perception of size can be distorted by manipulating these cues, for example through the creation of forced perspective.

Some measures of size may also be determined by sound. Visually impaired humans often use echolocation to determine features of their surroundings, such as the size of spaces and objects. However, even humans who lack this ability can tell if a space that they are unable to see is large or small from hearing sounds echo in the space. Size can also be determined by touch, which is a process of haptic perception.

The sizes of objects that can not readily be measured merely by sensory input may be evaluated with other kinds of measuring instruments. For example, objects too small to be seen with the naked eye may be measured when viewed through a microscope, while objects too large to fit within the field of vision may be measured using a telescope, or through extrapolation from known reference points. However, even very advanced measuring devices may still present a limited field of view.

Terminology
Objects being described by their relative size are often described as being comparatively big and little, or large and small, although "big and little tend to carry affective and evaluative connotations, whereas large and small tend to refer only to the size of a thing". A wide range of other terms exist to describe things by their relative size, with small things being described for example as tiny, miniature, or minuscule, and large things being described as, for example, huge, gigantic, or enormous. Objects are also typically described as tall or short specifically relative to their vertical height, and as long or short specifically relative to their length along other directions.

Although the size of an object may be reflected in its mass or its weight, each of these is a different concept. In scientific contexts, mass refers loosely to the amount of "matter" in an object (though "matter" may be difficult to define), whereas weight refers to the force experienced by an object due to gravity. An object with a mass of 1.0 kilogram will weigh approximately 9.81 newtons (newton is the unit of force, while kilogram is the unit of mass) on the surface of the Earth (its mass multiplied by the gravitational field strength). Its weight will be less on Mars (where gravity is weaker), more on Saturn, and negligible in space when far from any significant source of gravity, but it will always have the same mass. Two objects of equal size, however, may have very different mass and weight, depending on the composition and density of the objects. By contrast, if two objects are known to have roughly the same composition, then some information about the size of one can be determined by measuring the size of the other, and determining the difference in weight between the two. For example, if two blocks of wood are equally dense, and it is known that one weighs ten kilograms and the other weighs twenty kilograms, and that the ten kilogram block has a volume of one cubic foot, then it can be deduced that the twenty kilogram block has a volume of two cubic feet.

Conceptualization and generalization
The concept of size is often applied to ideas that have no physical reality. In mathematics, magnitude is the size of a mathematical object, which is an abstract object with no concrete existence. Magnitude is a property by which the object can be compared as larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. There are various other mathematical concepts of size for sets, such as:
measure (mathematics), a systematic way to assign to each suitable subset a number
cardinality (equal if there is a bijection), of a set is a measure of the "number of elements of the set"
for well-ordered sets: ordinal number (equal if there is an order-isomorphism)
In statistics (hypothesis testing), the "size" of the test refers to the rate of false positives, denoted by α. In astronomy, the magnitude of brightness or intensity of a star is measured on a logarithmic scale. Such a scale is also used to measure the intensity of an earthquake, and this intensity is often referred to as the "size" of the event. In computing, file size is a measure of the size of a computer file, typically measured in bytes. The actual amount of disk space consumed by the file depends on the file system. The maximum file size a file system supports depends on the number of bits reserved to store size information and the total size of the file system in terms of its capacity to store bits of information.

In physics, the Planck length, denoted , is a unit of length, equal to . It is a unit in the system of Planck units, developed by physicist Max Planck. The Planck length is defined in terms of three fundamental physical constants: the speed of light, the Planck constant, and the Newtonian constant of gravitation. In contrast, the largest observable thing is the observable universe. The comoving distance – the distance as would be measured at a specific time, including the present – between Earth and the edge of the observable universe is , making the diameter of the observable universe about .

In poetry, fiction, and other literature, size is occasionally assigned to characteristics that do not have measurable dimensions, such as the metaphorical reference to the size of a person's heart as a shorthand for describing their typical degree of kindness or generosity. With respect to physical size, the concept of resizing is occasionally presented in fairy tales, fantasy, and science fiction, placing humans in a different context within their natural environment by depicting them as having physically been made exceptionally large or exceptionally small through some fantastic means.

See also
Dimensional instruments
Orders of magnitude (length)

References

External links

Physical quantities