title: Gomorrah (TV series)

text:
Gomorrah () is an Italian crime drama television series created by Roberto Saviano for Sky Atlantic. Based on Saviano's book of the same name, the show premiered on Sky Atlantic in Italy on 6 May 2014. The series ran for five seasons totaling 58 episodes until 17 December 2021. The 2008 film of the same name is loosely based on the same book, but unrelated to the TV series.

The show, largely filmed in the Scampia neighbourhood of Naples, tells the story of Ciro Di Marzio (Marco D'Amore), a member of the Camorra's Savastano clan, headed by Pietro Savastano (Fortunato Cerlino), a high-ranking member. Ciro aims to navigate the dangers of the criminal world, while also fighting a brutal civil war. The Savastano family also consists of his wife Immacolata (Maria Pia Calzone) and son, Gennaro (Salvatore Esposito). The show also features rival crime boss Salvatore Conte (Marco Palvetti), while introducing the characters Annalisa Magliocca (Cristina Donadio), Patrizia Santore (Cristiana Dell'Anna), Giuseppe Avitabile (Gianfranco Gallo) and Enzo "Sangueblù" Villa (Arturo Muselli) in the show's later seasons.

The series has gained critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, directing, and writing. It has also become a ratings hit for Sky, regularly featuring as one of the network's most-watched cable shows.

The series has been sold in 190 countries worldwide. It premiered in the United Kingdom on Sky Atlantic on 4 August 2014; in the United States it debuted on SundanceTV on 24 August 2016 for the first two seasons, and continued on HBO Max since 22 January 2021. The spin-off film The Immortal, which is both a prequel and a sequel to the events after the series' third season, was released on 5 December 2019.

Premise
Set in Naples in the 2010s, the series follows Ciro Di Marzio, a member in the Savastano Camorra clan of Secondigliano, headed by Pietro Savastano. When Pietro is arrested, an internal power struggle breaks out with his rivals as well as between the "old guard" of the clan and the "young guard" headed by his son Gennaro Savastano. Ciro and Gennaro eventually find themselves at odds with their own families, and the several alliances they make with various criminal groups, as they navigate the Naples underworld.

Cast and characters

Main characters

 Marco D'Amore as Ciro "l'Immortale" (The Immortal) Di Marzio (season 1–3, 5), a member of the Savastano clan who yearns to rise in criminal hierarchy
 Salvatore Esposito as Gennaro "Genny" Savastano (season 1–5), Pietro's son, who transitions from a spoiled socialite to hardened criminal
 Fortunato Cerlino as Pietro Savastano (season 1–2), the head of the Savastano clan and a high-level drug distributor
 Maria Pia Calzone as Immacolata "Imma" Savastano (season 1), Pietro's wife, who seeks to succeed her husband
 Marco Palvetti as Salvatore Conte (season 1–2), the leader of the Conte clan, who maintains a troubled relationship with the Savastanos
 Fabio De Caro as "Malammore" (Bad Love) (season 1–3), a member of the Savastano clan deeply loyal to Pietro and uncle to Patrizia Santore
 Cristina Donadio as Annalisa "Scianel" Magliocca (season 2–3), a local drug dealer who aspires to become a female don, sister of Zecchinetta and mother of Lelluccio
 Cristiana Dell'Anna as Patrizia Santore (season 2–4), niece of Malammore and associate of the Savastano clan and, later, sole boss of the Secondigliano territory
 Gianfranco Gallo as Giuseppe Avitabile (season 2–3), a rival clan leader based in Rome and father of Azzurra
 Ivana Lotito as Azzurra Avitabile (season 2–5), wife of Gennaro Savastano
 Arturo Muselli as Enzo "Sangueblù" (Blue Blood) Villa (season 3–5), leader of the Santo clan in Forcella
 Andrea Di Maria as Elia "'o Diplomato" (The Graduate) Capaccio (season 3–5), co-leader of the Capaccio clan, nephew to Don Aniello Pastore
 Carlo Caracciolo as Fernando "'o Crezi" (Crazy) Capaccio (season 3–4), co-leader of the Capaccio clan, nephew to Don Aniello Pastore
 Loris De Luna as Valerio "'o Vucabulà" (The Vocabulary) Misano (season 3–4), Enzo's right-hand man and influential member of the Santo clan
 Gianni Parisi as Gerlando Levante (season 4), Boss of a powerful clan in the province of Caserta, he is Genny's uncle on his mother's side
 Luciano Giugliano as Michelangelo "Mickey" Levante (season 4), Gerlando's favorite son, unlike his brothers, he was able to study and get a degree
 Gennaro Apicella as Francesco Ciccio Levante (season 4–5), Arm of the Levante family, very attached to their father Gerlando, whose orders are meticulously carried out
 Antonio Gargiulo as Saro Levante (season 4–5), brother of Francis and Michelangelo Levante, armed wing of his family, he is very close to his father Gerlando, whose orders he carries out together with his brother Francesco
 Claudia Tranchese as Grazia Levante (season 4–5), the youngest daughter of the clan leader Gerlando Levante, and therefore the only sister of Michelangelo, Ciccio and Saro Levante
 Mimmo Borrelli as Angelo 'o Maestrale (Mistral) (season 5), the boss of Ponticelli who is fundamental in Genny's war against the Levantes
 Tania Garribba as Luciana, wife of 'o Maestrale
 Nunzia Schiano as Nunzia Carignano, wife of Vincenzo Carignano 'o Galantommo
 Carmine Paternoster as Federico Maccauro "'o Munaciello" (Little Monk), square boss of Secondigliano

Recurring characters
 Antonio Milo as Attilio Diotallevi (season 1), one of the "Old" affiliates of the Savastano family, a close friend of Ciro, who regards him as a father
 Simona Capozzi as Antonietta Diotallevi (season 1), the wife of Attilio Diotallevi
 Massimiliano Rossi as "Zecchinetta" (Lansquenet) (season 1), one of the "Old" members of the Savastano clan, brother of Scianel and uncle of Lelluccio
 Mimmo Esposito as Renato Bolletta (season 1), one of the "Old" members affiliated with the Savastano family, the manager of the Piazza dei Smurci outlet
 Walter Lippa as Carlucciello "'o Pisciavindola" (The Fishmonger) (season 1), one of the "Old" Savastano clan members
 Ivan Boragine as Michele Casillo (seasons 1, 3–4), one of Genny Savastano's best friends and candidate for mayor
 Gaetano Di Vaio as "'o Baroncino" (The Little Baron) (season 1), one of the "Old" loyalists of Savastano
 Alfonso Postiglione as Vitale "'o Fringuello" (The Chaffinch) (season 1), one of the "Old" members of the Savastano gang and brother of 'o Zingaro
 Giovanni Allocca as Vitale "'o Zingaro" (The Gipsy) (season 1), one of the "Old" Savastano associates and brother of 'o Fringuello
 Claudio Corinaldesi as Aniello l'Africano (season 1), a member of the Savastano clan
 Emilio Vacca as Alfredo "'a Lisca" (The Fishbone) (season 1), a member of the Savastano family
 Carlo Guitto as Lino "Centocapelli" (100 Hairs) (season 1), a member of the Savastano family
 Carmine Battaglia as Pino (season 1), one of the "Young" members of the Savastano clan
 Emanuele Vicorito as 'o Pop (season 1), one of the "Young" affiliates of the Savastano gang
 Alessio Gallo as Tonino Spiderman (season 1), one of the "Young" affiliates of Savastano, nephew of Carlucciello 'o Pisciavindola
 Vincenzo Sacchettino as Daniele "Danielino" (season 1), a 16-year-old mechanic, fascinated by the world of the Camorra, easily manipulated by Ciro Di Marzio
 Domenico Balsamo as Massimo (season 1), brother of Danielino and personal driver of Salvatore Conte
 Antonio Zavatteri as Franco Musi (season 1), accountant of the Savastanos and husband to Gaia
 Annamaria Malipiero as Gaia Musi (season 1), wife of accountant Franco Musi and mother of Perla
 Matilde Gioli as Perla (season 1), daughter of Gaia, wife of accountant Franco Musi, to whom he is very close, loved as if she were his natural daughter
 Rinat Khismatouline as Vitaly Eremenko (season 1), leader of the Russian mafia that operates in Barcelona
 Michelangelo Dalisi as Salvo Nunziata (season 1), an informant of Pietro Savastano, instructed by the latter to find information on the member of the clan guilty of having carried out the tip on the cocaine cargo coming from Honduras
 Rosario D'Angelo as Augusto Parisi (season 1), the Capacamorra of Casavatore
 David Power as Pasqualino (season 1), a young drug addict who has been detained at the Poggioreale prison due to a robbery at a Mergellina jewelry store. Entering the prison under the protection of Pietro Savastano, immediately after his arrest
 Francesco Murolo as Antonio (season 1), an old friend of Pietro Savastano, detained at the Poggioreale prison
 Tommaso Palladino as Rino (season 1), a penitentiary policeman on duty at the prison of Poggioreale, a loyal follower of Pietro Savastano, who helps him, during his detention, to find a cell phone clandestinely
 Sidy Diop as Tokumbo (season 1), a member of the gang of Nigerians who pass off the drugs bought by Savastano intentionally imprisoned in Poggioreale to speak directly with Pietro Savastano to retract their agreement and profits
 Lello Serao as Prison Commander (season 1), commander of the guards of the Poggioreale penitentiary. During Pietro Savastano's stay in prison he will try to oppose his communications with the outside by subjecting him to the same treatment as the other prisoners. He will eventually feign giving up, just to collect the proofs to send him to the special jail.
 Susy Di Benedetto as Marta Giacobone (season 1), a young lesbian girl who, after the suicide of her father is in debt with a loan shark, Leccalecca
 Nuccio Siano as Franco "Leccalecca" (Lollipop) (season 1), a loan shark
 Luisa Esposito as Marina (season 1), Donna Imma's assistant and driver
 Elena Margaret Starace as Noemi (season 1), the first girlfriend of Genny Savastano
 Antonella Carillo as Jessica Chianese (season 1), the second girlfriend of Genny Savastano and daughter of Demetrio Chianese, a well-known doctor from Giugliano in Campania
 Oscar di Maio as Fabretti (season 1), defeated in the local elections by Michele Casillo, the young candidate for mayor supported by Genny Savastano
 Pietro Juliano as Antonino "Tonino" Russo (season 1), a prominent exponent of the Conte clan
 Antonio Orefice as Bruno (season 1), a young friend of Danielino
 Denise Perna as Manu (season 1), the young girlfriend of Danielino, inspired by Gelsomina Verde
 Carlo Musella as Pablo (season 1–2), the bodyguard of Salvatore Conte in Barcelona
 Carmine Monaco as "'o Track" (season 1–2), entered the world of the Camorra as one of the new pupils of Genny Savastano
 Lino Musella as Rosario Ercolano "'o Nano" (The Dwarf) (seasons 1–2), the best friend and right-hand man of Ciro Di Marzio
 Pina Turco as Deborah Di Marzio (seasons 1–2), the wife of Ciro and mother of Maria Rita
 Claudia Veneziano as Maria Rita Di Marzio (seasons 1–2), the daughter of Ciro and Deborah Di Marzio
 Vincenzo Fabricino as Lorenzo "'o Pitbull" (seasons 1–2, 5), a member of the Savastano family, a friend of Ciro Di Marzio
 Giovanni Buselli as "Capa 'e Bomba" (Bomb Head) (seasons 1–3), one of the "Young" members of the Savastano gang
 Christian Giroso as Carmeniello "'o Cardillo" (The Goldfinch) (seasons 1–3), one of the "Young" members of Savastano
 Gianluca Di Gennaro as "'o Zingariello" (The Little Gipsy) (season 2), son of 'o Zingaro and nephew of 'o Fringuello, "Old" members of the Savastano clan
 Alessandra Langella as Nina (season 2), a transsexual girl who works as a singer at ceremonies
 Antonio Folletto as Gabriele "'o Principe" (The Prince) (season 2), lieutenant of Salvatore Conte and very skilled at cutting cocaine. After the death of Conte, he joined Ciro's Alliance
 Liana Balogun as Azmera (season 2), a black girl, girlfriend of 'o Principe
 Nino Porzio as Nino (season 2), Genny Savastano's personal driver
 Luca Gallone as Totò called "'o Mulatto" (season 2), a lieutenant of Salvatore Conte, then Ciro
 Michele Rosiello as Mario Cantapane (season 2), Scianel's personal driver
 Vincenzo Nemolato as Angelo Sepino (season 2), a young criminal who becomes the protagonist of a robbery against the Alliance
 Arturo Sepe as Angioletto (season 2), a soldier of Pietro Savastano
 Vincenzo Pirozzi as Raffaele Magliocca known as Lelluccio (season 2), the son of Scianel, Marinella's husband
 Nello Mascia as Don Aniello Pastore (season 2–5), an old boss of a Camorra branch operating in the central area of Naples and allied to Giuseppe Avitabile, uncle of the Capaccio brothers
 Luigi Pisani as Tommaso Natale (season 2–3), the right-hand man of Giuseppe Avitabile
 Gianni Spezzano as Fernando (season 2–), a soldier of Ciro, often also acting as his bodyguard along with 'o Pitbull
 Francesco Verde as Domenico (season 2–3), Scianel's bodyguard
 Luca Varone as Sergio (season 2–3), a soldier under the command of Pietro Savastano after his escape
 Giovanni Rienzo as "'o Foal" (season 2–3), a soldier under the command of Pietro Savastano after his escape, often accompanying Malammore
 Pasquale Russo as "'a Zeppola" (season 2–4), one of Pietro Savastano's soldiers after his escape
 Denise Capezza as Marinella (season 2–3), the wife of Scianel's son, Lelluccio Magliocca
 Antonio Ciccone as "'a Lince" (The Lynx) (season 2–3), a soldier under the command of Pietro Savastano after his escape
 Alfredo Herrera as Joaquin Rollero (season 2–3), one of the Honduran traffickers who becomes a trusted friend of Genny
 Gaetano Amato as "'o Ghepardo" (The Cheetah) (season 2–4), one of the Alley Boys, allied to Genny
 Riccardo Ciccarelli as Nicola (season 2–4), a member of the Alley Boys
 Salvatore Vacca as "'o Flipper" (The Pinball) (season 1–4), one of the Alley Boys, Genny's ally
 Carlo Cerciello as Don Ruggero "'o Stregone" (The Wizard) (season 3), the most important capocamorra within the Confederates, granduncle of Enzo
 Edoardo Sorgente as "Gegè" (season 3) – a boy who studied in England from Secondigliano and a friend of Genny, who later becomes his accountant in Rome
 Pasquale Esposito as Edoardo Arenella "'o Sciarmant" (The Charming) (season 3), Capocamorra of Forcella and the Spanish Quarters and a member of the Confederates
 Angela Ciaburri as Carmela Villa (season 3), Enzo's sister
 Roberto Olivieri as Ronni (3–5), a soldier in Enzo's clan
 Alessandro Palladino as "'o Bellebbuono" (season 3–5), a member of the Enzo clan, of which he is one of the most important members
 Eugenio Marzella as Eliuccio (season 3–4), a soldier in Enzo's clan
 Marcello Gravina as "'o Frisbi" (The Frisbee) (season 3–4), a soldier in Enzo's clan
 Livio Cori as "'o Selfi" (seasons 3–4) – a soldier in Enzo's clan
 Mariano Coletti as "'o Cantonese" (season 3–5), a soldier in Enzo's clan and friend of Ronni
 Francesco Capriello as "'a Golia (season 3–4), a soldier in Enzo's clan
 Gina Amarante as Maria (season 3–4), Enzo's girlfriend and is the only female member in his clan
 Roberto Russo as "Topmodel" (season 3–4), a soldier of the Enzo clan
 Francesco Da Vinci as "MMA" (season 3–5), one of Enzo's men
 Riccardo Marotta as "'o Snicher" (season 3–4), a soldier from the Forcella clan
 Alessio Galati as Lino (season 4), cousin of Nicola
 Andrea Renzi as Alberto Resta (season 4), estimated and skilled successful manager who goes into business with Genny for the construction of the airport
 Gennaro Maresca as Walter Ruggeri (season 4–5), a magistrate
 Pavel Zelinskiy as Igor a Croatian broker who handles drug shipments to Secondigliano
 Daniela Ioia as Tiziana Palumbo (season 4–5), an assistant commissioned by Alberto Resta
 Ciro Esposito as Raffaele (season 4–5), the spokesman of 'o Maestrale
 Lucienne Perreca as Lavinia (season 5), sister of Luciana and the wife of 'o Jaccio
 Antonio Ferrante as Vincenzo Carignano 'o Galantommo (The Gentleman) (season 5), the elderly boss of a small town on the slopes of Vesuvius
 Vincenzo Borrelli as Carmelo Lo Diacono (season 5), the armed wing of the Carignanos
 Giampiero De Concilio as Cosimo Maccauro "Canzuncella" (season 5), the younger brother of 'o Munaciello
 Renato De Simone as 'o Jaccio (season 5), the brother-in-law of Luciana
 Gennaro Basile as 'o King (season 5), foreman of Secondigliano
 Michele Cantalupo as Uocchiebell' (season 5), a Secondigliano square boss
 Viktor Ferin as Ilya Kurianov (season 5), a Russian smuggler and friend of Dimitri
 Anatolijs Fečins as Dimitri (season 5), former associate of Yuri Dobeshenko, Russian underworld boss in the spin-off film The Immortal

Episodes

Season 1 (2014)
In Naples, the Savastano clan is commanded by the dreaded and respected Pietro Savastano. Looking to make his mark, Ciro Di Marzio is tasked to burn the house of the mother of Salvatore Conte, a rival drug lord. After completing the task without hesitation and slowly gaining the trust of Pietro, the elder Savastano later entrusts Ciro to ready his son Gennaro to become the future head of the clan.

Following a police check, Pietro is arrested and taken into custody; control of the clan unofficially passes into the hands of his wife, Immacolata, who deems Ciro and Gennaro unable to run the clan in Pietro's absence. Immacolata, who maintains a dislike for Ciro, orders him to travel to Spain in order to make-up with Conte and reunite the clans. She later tasks Gennaro to travel to Honduras, hoping his interactions with drug producers will fast-track his development into becoming head of the clan. Despite being able to make peace with Conte, Ciro is frozen out by Immacolata, a sentiment that is shared by Gennaro once he returns to Naples. Gennaro, becoming more detached and isolated, begins a cleanup of the clan's members, inviting more younger comrades, while engaging in actions that grow distrust amongst the old guard, including Ciro, who find Gennaro unable to handle the clan. A civil war then ensues between the two factions of the Savastano clan: the old guard who are faithful to Pietro and the younger members who are faithful to Gennaro.

Ciro, feeling ignored and devalued by Gennaro, aligns with the old guard, seeking to shift the internal equilibrium of the clan. Ciro also solicits support from Conte, managing to obtain Conte's respect during his trip to Spain. Ciro begins by killing Immacolata; however, Gennaro quickly discovers Ciro's betrayal and, no longer knowing whom to trust, enlists the members loyal to him in order to dismantle the old guard he believes to be Ciro's accomplices. Gennaro largely succeeds, killing everyone besides Ciro and Malammore, both of whom manage to go into hiding. Gennaro later discovers Ciro's whereabouts, sending the members loyal to him to kill him, but they are intercepted and brutally massacred by Conte's clan. Gennaro is later shot by Ciro, while Malammore breaks Pietro out of a police transport van during a prison transfer.

Season 2 (2016)
Following his escape from prison, Pietro realizes that his stay in Naples will be short-lived, and promptly flees to Cologne, leaving the clan in the hands of Malammore and the rest of the members that aided his escape. He also plots to seek vengeance on the people who ambushed Gennaro, who survived his shooting. Ciro, meanwhile, forms an alliance with Conte, at the expense of his relationship with his wife, Debora.

A year later, Gennaro is healed from his injuries and reunites with his father in Germany, where they align with the Avitabiles. After an arms deal goes awry, Pietro becomes wary of his power waning, and decides to return to Naples alone to resume control of the clan. Ciro and other members of Conte's clan encounter trouble with Conte, disliking his aims at creating a monopoly and gaining absolute power. They then devise a successful scheme to kill him. Pietro views this as the perfect opportunity to exact revenge, taking advantage of the disjointed clan by murdering several of them. Ciro learns of Pietro's return, and wishes to negotiate a settlement. Malammore's niece, Patrizia, informs Ciro that he will only be able to negotiate with Gennaro. Wary of a potential ambush, Ciro goes to Giuseppe, a mutual friend of his and Gennaro's, to act as guarantor during their negotiations. Gennaro eventually accepts the settlement conditions set by Ciro, which infuriates Pietro. Gennaro explains killing Ciro would have caused a war without any boundaries and expresses his wish to focus on business.

Pietro rejects the settlement, and continues to wage war, revealing to Patrizia that he wishes to defeat his son for undermining him. He is also suspicious of Patrizia's loyalties. After violently killing another member of the clan, he plants evidence to make it appear as though the murder was a result of in-house betrayal. In-fighting then becomes rife within the clan. However, after failing to subvert another member, Ciro learns of the true murderer and informs Gennaro. After Pietro murders Ciro's daughter, Ciro decides to murder Pietro. Disgusted by his father's actions, while also wishing to raise his son, named Pietro after his grandfather, in a world without in-fighting or violence, Gennaro agrees and informs Ciro of Pietro's whereabouts. Ciro murders Pietro at the Savastano family plot.

Season 3 (2017)
Gennaro assumes full control of all drug trade in Naples. He becomes feared and respected among the underworld. However, Ciro loses the will to continue, and after killing Malammore to avenge his daughter, moves to Sofia to work for Valentin, an associate. He later finds out Mladen (Valentin's son) tried to set him up, and since he's Valentin's successor, he hesitantly orders Ciro's death. Ciro however, murders Valentin and his son Mladen, and returns to Naples, while Giuseppe is in prison after Gennaro reveals his criminal past to the police.

Giuseppe quickly avoids jail time by agreeing to a plea deal, and is placed on house arrest instead. He then orders the systematic destruction of Gennaro and his criminal empire, robbing and killing his lieutenants, which leaves him isolated in his war against Giuseppe. Gennaro then seeks assistance from Ciro and Annalisa, who are both eager to return to power. Ciro initially aims to locate allies outside Naples, however, he meets Enzo and Valerio, members of the Santo clan, who convince him only people from the city truly wish for Giuseppe's demise. Together, they help Gennaro resume business, while Gennaro also bribes lawmakers and police officials to aid his cause.

However, Enzo begins to have reservations when many of his men begin to die at the hands of the Confederates, and wishes to leave. The Confederates, outraged, attempt to murder his sister by bombing the restaurant she works at, which begins a war between Enzo and Valerio, against them. Ciro desperately proposes an armistice, which is reluctantly accepted. Enzo's reservations are maintained, however, which forces Gennaro to kill his sister, which he then blames on Arenella (a member of the Confederates). This increases Enzo's involvement, and they successfully organize an ambush on Giuseppe and Arenella.

Following this, Ciro pushes Gennaro to create peace with all their enemies. Peace is eventually accepted, and Gennaro divides the city and other land to the people who helped him win. Patrizia later kills Annalisa, which arouses Enzo's suspicions, as Patrizia vocally opposed murder during the war. He later stalks her, and learns Gennaro was involved in his sister's murder. Inviting both him and Ciro on his yacht under the pretense of celebration, Enzo reveals his intentions to kill Gennaro. Prior to shooting him, however, Ciro sacrifices himself in his place by admitting to murdering his sister, stating his desire to avoid another war, and wishing to re-join his family in heaven. Enzo then forces Gennaro to kill Ciro.

Season 4 (2019)
Genny commemorates the death of his close friend Ciro Di Marzio together with Sangueblù. Then on a promise previously made to Azzurra, he decides to change his life but first, he tries to end a war that the Capaccio brothers have started against him. Due to the help of the Levante family, a powerful underworld clan of Villa Literno, he manages to end it before it begins. The head of the Levantes, Gerlando, is Genny's uncle (who is married to his mother Imma's cousin). At a meeting, Genny dictated the terms of peace in front of Patrizia, Enzo, Valerio, the Capaccio brothers and Gerlando with his three sons, Saro, Michelangelo and Francesco. Patrizia is given total control over Secondigliano. This one, in turn, supplies the squares with drugs, at agreed prices, without creating competition between the components of the Alliance. Genny then announces his retirement and changes his life.

A year later he reinvented himself as an entrepreneur and aimed to build a second airport in Campania, all in a legal manner with the help of manager Alberto Resta, and his entrusted assistant Tiziana Palumbo. He buys lots of land and consortia for the realization of the project, even abroad, such as London. Nevertheless his past, from time to time, tends to resurface. Patrizia is fully the boss of Secondigliano, and she has a secret relationship with Michelangelo Levante, the second son of the family. The rest of Michelangelo's family, except his sister Grazia, are against the relationship. Gerlando then tells Patrizia, but the woman then reiterates her full willingness to remain at Michelangelo's side.

The boss of Secondigliano later has a big problem with a shipment of drugs seized by the police and undertakes, at a meeting with members of the Alliance, to pay the next shipment at her own expense, to make up for the financial losses of those who had paid the one seized. However, the Capaccios want to be repaid immediately to reinvest in a new channel and Patrizia borrows the money from Genny. The latter agrees but asks for the author of the complaint which then led to the seizure of her cargo. However, a good part of it is still on the streets thanks to an African criminal group. Patrizia's most trusted man, Nicola, investigates the matter with his cousin Lino. With the excuse of wanting to buy a batch of drugs from the Africans, Nicola tries to get to the bottom of the matter, and at the appointment to buy the goods, he finds out. The Levantes were behind the stolen shipment because they do not want Patrizia at the helm of Secondigliano. Saro and Francesco kill Lino, and force Nicola to kill Patrizia threatening to murder his family if he doesn't cooperate. Michelangelo is informed through Grazia of their intent and restrains Nicola, who is about to kill Patrizia. He takes him to the family vineyard for a clarification with his brothers. However Michelangelo cannot go against his family and kills Nicola with his own gun. Then he is informed by Patrizia that she is expecting a child by him.

Meanwhile, Genny has problems with the bodies that emerge outside the building of the multi-storey car park of the airport, and he begins to have the judiciary on his tail. He has Alberto, his partner, killed when he learns from Tiziana of her interview with the prosecutor, for fear that she might reveal, sooner or later, his name behind the project. He accompanies Patrizia to the altar who marries Michelangelo, and as a gift he gives her the total dominion of Secondigliano. Finally, he promotes Tiziana as the new managing director for the airport, but he begins to regret the project.

Valerio tries in great secrecy to discover, together with 'a Golia, Cantonese and MMA who is behind the seizure of the cargo. To do this, he enters into a fake secret agreement with the Capaccios, of whom he suspects a lot about the affair. At a second meeting with them, he first delivers a letter to his father to be delivered to Enzo in case something unpleasant should happen to him, he knows the truth previously discovered by Nicola, and finds his treasonous death at the hands of 'a Golia, who accompanied him to the meeting. The latter then makes a real agreement, with the Capaccios and the Levantes to take out Sangueblù. Thanks to the unexpected visit of Valerio's father, Sangueblù reads the letter that he delivers to him and understands the reason for his friend's secret initiatives before dying. He then sets a trap for his enemies and the traitor 'a Goliath with a fake appointment for a new drug channel and kills 'a Goliath and 'o Crezi.

A sudden police roundup lands Patrizia in custody. In a conversation with the magistrate Walter Ruggieri, she discovers that her husband is behind the loss of the shipment. Genny is informed by Fernando about the arrest of Patrizia and tries to get her a lawyer who can get her out immediately, to prevent the woman from talking about him, in front of Ruggieri. But Azzurra wants her dead, to avoid losing the investments made so far. Patrizia begins to talk about her enemies in front of Ruggieri, in a well-protected place, but the magistrate wants much more information: that of Genny Savastano. Sangueblù has changed his hiding place after the failed ambush at the Levantes'. However, 'o Diplomato finds Maria, Sangueblù's girlfriend, together with two other men whom he had left to guard her, and kills them. Genny ambushes the Levantes and kills Gerlando, his wife and their escort. He sends Fernando and another man to relieve Patrizia and Michelangelo from the hiding place of the prosecution. Genny commissions a plane to get them to leave Italy. At the airbase, he has a private talk with Patrizia. He asks her if she spoke about him in front of Ruggieri, during the deposition made in the prosecutor's office, but she denies it. Michelangelo, already waiting on the plane, is shot and killed. Genny then pulls a gun on her and kills her. Finally Genny goes to his bunker where his fugitive begins.

Season 5 (2021)
A fugitive in a bunker in Ponticelli, under the strict protection of the ferocious boss Don Angelo, known as o' Maestrale, Genny evades the police on his tail and at the same time tries to recover Secondigliano from the hands of the surviving Levantes. During the war he discovers through the mouth of Don Aniello, an ally of the latter together with his nephew 'o Diplomato, that Ciro Di Marzio is still alive. He joins him in Riga after having killed them both and between the two it seems the beginning of a newfound relationship. Instead, a war will start after Genny reveals his feelings of abandonment and betrayal towards him, after the episode on the boat that led to his apparent death, with remorse on his conscience for having killed him. There is no point in Ciro denying it, nor even presenting Genny as the new broker in place of the deceased Don Aniello, during a business negotiation with a Russian trafficker. At the end of the evening, Genny locks up Ciro in a gulag and returns to Naples, taking back his neighborhood from the Levantes.

Ciro manages to escape by feigning death by hanging and returns to Secondigliano. Thus he starts a war that sees allies with him the most faithful 'o Pitbull and the old clan of Forcella, of which he had been the master to some extent. In the ensuing conflict, the Immortal emerges victorious and manages to expand his army due to Sangueblù and the support of Nunzia, widow of 'o Galantommo, killed on Genny's orders. Ciro then steals the Levantes' shipments which he needs to supply his squares. He finally receives the help of an unexpected ally, Luciana, wife of 'o Maestrale, after she smells defeat in Gennaro in the ongoing war. Ciro and Nunzia stipulate an agreement with her: one million euros in exchange for the names of the business partners who collaborate with their opponent. Then due to Azzurra, who had previously cleared her husband of murder charges before the magistrate Walter Ruggieri, as well as having escaped an attack by Nunzia's men, she discovers Luciana's scam and orders her husband to kill her. Genny entrusts this deed to 'o Maestrale, who hides her in secret instead. Ciro defeats him definitively after losing Ronni and Sangueblù in the battle, reduced to death after being tortured by Genny with punches, kicks and blows with iron bars. After Carmelo Lo Diacono appears before Ruggieri admitting to the ambush that he himself had failed against Azzurra and her son, little Pietro is taken to a family home due to his dangerous living conditions. Genny later kidnaps Simone, Ruggieri's son.

They go together to the Maccauro house where Ciro then forces 'o Munaciello to call Ruggieri, who in the meantime has discovered the location of the family home where little Pietro is being held and reports to him. Upon receiving the information, Ciro treacherously kills 'o Maestrale, and orders O'Munaciello to bring him Azzurra, and 'o Bellebuono to eliminate Luciana. In front of Azzurra, Ciro blackmails her into bringing him her husband for information about the location of the family home. Azzurra sends Genny into catalepsy with a powerful sleeping pill in a glass of wine and brings him to Ciro. Ciro and Genny meet again face to face after the last meeting they had in Latvia. In this new confrontation, Ciro proposes to fetch Pietro together with his father, on the condition that he declare surrender before their respective men. However, Nunzia arrives who wants her revenge as agreed with Ciro, and to guarantee that he will fulfill his promise, she takes Azzurra hostage. The Immortal apparently complies and, after having reunited Genny with his son, contacts Nunzia to join them on the beach, who, shortly before leaving, orders six of her men to go to the same beach. Even the magistrate Ruggieri is reunited with his son, while O'Munaciello is shot dead by Genny, accused by the latter of being a villain. During the journey, however, she is stopped by a fake police checkpoint where she is murdered together with the driver. Azzurra is taken by 'o Bellebuono to be brought to the beach where she can embrace her family again. Ciro has the opportunity to be able to eliminate the whole Savastano family, but taken by a sense of guilt for having lost his family in the past, during the conflict with Don Pietro, he has second thoughts while holding them at gunpoint, and takes them on a boat to safety. However, Genny stays with him after Nunzia's men break into the beach where a bloody shootout ensues by the sea. 'O Pitbull and 'o Bellebuono are killed. After killing many of the attackers together, Genny is killed by a remaining one. As Ciro sheds tears in front of his dead body, he too is shot in the head by a sniper by an unknown assailant.

Broadcast and release
The show's first season premiered on Sky Atlantic and Sky Cinema 1 in Italy on 6 May 2014. It also aired on Rai 3 on 10 January 2015. Season 2 aired on 10 May 2016, season 3 on 17 November 2017, and season 4 on 29 March 2019. The fifth season was released in 2021.

After the success on television, the series also had a limited theatrical release by The Space Movies and Universal Pictures. The first season was screened on 200 Italian theaters from 22 September 2014, with three episodes per evening (150 minutes) for four consecutive Mondays.

The show's success has spawned its release to international markets, being sold in 190 countries worldwide. It premiered in the United Kingdom on Sky Atlantic on 4 August 2014, and in the United States on SundanceTV on 24 August 2016. The series was also released on Netflix in some countries (including in the US, Australia and New Zealand) and on SBS on Demand in Australia from 16 October 2020.

All the episodes and the movie are also set to be released on HBO Max in the US; season 3 debuted on 21 January 2021.

Reception

Critical response
Gomorrah is one of Sky's most-watched cable shows, and has gained critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, directing, and writing. The first season holds a 95% rating on review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 19 reviews and with an average rating of 7.31/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Gomorrah brings a refreshing twist to a familiar story, with its realistic, unglamorous and often riveting portrayal of a Neapolitan crime organization". On Metacritic, it has a rating of 76 out of 100, based on 15 reviews.

Ben Travers of IndieWire called it the "darker, grown-up version of The Sopranos" and stated, "Despite its familiar construction, Gomorrah is significantly more frightening than others in its genre because of the history behind it." Mary McNamara of The Los Angeles Times wrote: "Aggressively dark, focused to the point of claustrophobia and often all but choking on its own authenticity, Gomorrah shocks the system like a real Italian espresso after years of skinny vanilla lattes ... in Gomorrah, familiarity breeds relief rather than contempt." Brian Moylan of The Guardian stated, "For those who like mafia shows and the sort of anti-hero dramas that have become the stock in trade of 'peak TV', this is another excellent entry." Sight & Sound called the series "Italy's answer to Breaking Bad."

However, the show has received criticism from several Italian politicians. Naples mayor Luigi de Magistris claimed that bouts of violent crimes skyrocket in the city whenever an episode of the series is aired. He also added that the series "is likely to corrode the brains, souls, and hearts of hundreds of very young people." Anti-Mafia magistrate Giuseppe Borrelli has stated, "The series fails to capture any aspect of today's Camorra", the national anti-mafia prosecutor Federico Cafiero de Raho has stated, "it humanizes gangsters", while the state prosecutor in Catanzaro Nicola Gratteri has stated, "It makes them seem likable, which is dangerous."

Spin-off film
A spin-off film titled The Immortal (L'immortale) was released in theaters on 5 December 2019. The film is both a prequel and a sequel to the events after the series' third season, and stars Marco D'Amore reprising his role as Ciro Di Marzio.

References

External links
 (Italian)
 (American)

2014 Italian television series debuts
2010s Italian drama television series
2021 Italian television series endings
2020s Italian drama television series
Italian crime television series
Italian-language television shows
Sky Atlantic (Italy) television programmes
Sundance TV original programming
Television series about organized crime
Television shows set in Occitania
Works about the Camorra
Television shows based on non-fiction books
Television shows set in Naples


title: Roy C. Booth

text:
Roy C. Booth (born August 26, 1965) is a United States speculative fiction, fantasy and horror author. He has written many novels and short stories, many of them co-written with others including Theater of the Macabre, The Flesh of Fallen Angels: A Horror Western Novella (part of the Gibson Blount series co-written with R. Thomas Riley) and Sherlock Holmes And the Case of the Man-Made Vacuum (co-written with Nicholas Johnson). Booth has a credit on IMDb for The Day Lufberry Won It All. and a credit with Doollee, the Playwrights database.

Booth is also a poet, journalist, essayist, and screenwriter. He is married to published playwright Cynthia Booth, and is owner/manager of Roy’s Comics & Games of Bemidji, Minnesota.

The author appeared Diversicon21

Biography

Born in 1965 in Bemidji, Minnesota, Booth became involved in regional theater with his wife, Cynthia Booth. From the age of six, Booth became aware that he wanted to be a writer. He had difficulty reading until he realised that he read in blocks, not line-by-line as most people do, after picking up a comic.
A 1983 graduate of Pillager High School and a 2011 Hall of Fame inductee, Booth has college degrees from Central Lakes College (MN in Associate Arts) and Bemidji State University (BA in English/Speech-Theater and an MA in English with a Creative Writing Emphasis). On June 21, 2014, Central Lakes College honored 75 outstanding alumni at its special recognition event for its 75th anniversary including Booth. Central Lakes College stated, "This honorary award was established to recognize alumni who are noteworthy for their significant professional  achievements and/or exemplary leadership in community activities."
He has an extensive theater background having worked on over 200 professional and amateur productions as an actor, director, stage manager, scenic designer, make-up/FX designer, and fight choreographer.

In March 2012, Booth was interviewed by Lakeland Public Television on his views on comics and his novels.
Booth considers writing to be a craft, albeit sometimes an invisible one. He has often revised theater and motion picture scripts written by others.

Bibliography
 Altered States: a cyberpunk sci-fi anthology
 A Forest of Dreams (Indie Authors Press)
 Terminal: The Play with Brian Keene, Bloodletting Press

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
American science fiction writers
American fantasy writers
American horror writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers


title: 1828 in Scotland

text:
Events from the year 1828 in Scotland.

Incumbents

Law officers
 Lord Advocate – Sir William Rae, Bt
 Solicitor General for Scotland – John Hope

Judiciary
 Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Granton
 Lord Justice General – The Duke of Montrose
 Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Boyle

Events
 7 January – Rev. Henry Duncan describes his discovery of the fossil footmarks of quadrupeds (Chelichnus duncani) in Permian red sandstone at Cornockle Muir, near Lochmaben in Dumfriesshire, the first scientific report of a fossil track, in a paper read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
 9 March – an English gang make off with £28,350 after holding up the Glasgow branch of the Greenock Bank.
 April – David Stow opens his Drygate model school in Glasgow.
 15 June – 28 people are killed when the north gallery of the Old Kirk, Kirkcaldy, collapses during a sermon by popular preacher Edward Irving.
 8 August – the Ballochney Railway (near Airdrie, horse worked) is completed throughout.
 10 September – first public demonstration of Rev. Patrick Bell's reaping machine on his family's farm.
 17–24 December – Burke and Hare murders trial in Edinburgh: William Burke is sentenced to hang for his part in the murder of 17 victims (up to 31 October) to provide bodies for dissection by anatomist Robert Knox; his accomplice William Hare is released having turned King's evidence.
 Inhabitants of the island of Muck emigrate to Nova Scotia.
 St Stephen's Church, Edinburgh, is completed to the design of William Henry Playfair.
 Caird & Company established by John Caird in Greenock as marine engineers.
 James Beaumont Neilson patents the hot blast process for ironmaking.
 A steam road coach constructed by James and George Naysmith runs between Leith and Queensferry.
 Glasgow Co-operative Society established.

Births
 4 April – Mrs. Oliphant, born Margaret Wilson, novelist and historical writer (died 1897 in London)
 16 August – John Waddell, railway contractor (died 1888)
 30 September – John Simpson Knox, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (died 1897 in England)
 5 October – Alexander Gunn, grocery wholesaler (died 1907 in Canada)
 1 November – Balfour Stewart, physicist (died 1887 in Ireland)
 13 December – Alexander Shand, 1st Baron Shand, judge (died 1904)
 Alexander Crum, textile printer and Liberal politician (died 1893)
 Robert Doull, merchant and politician (died 1906 in Canada)
 John Small, librarian and scholar (died 1886)

Deaths
 29 February – John Ainslie, cartographer (born 1745)
 11 June – Dugald Stewart, Enlightenment philosopher (born 1753)
 5 July – Andrew Duncan, physician (born 1744)
 20 December – Archibald Fletcher, reforming lawyer (born 1746)
 Robert Blair, astronomer (born 1748)
 William Drummond of Logiealmond, diplomat and philosopher (born c.1770)

The arts
 The Maitland Club is founded in Glasgow to edit and publish early Scottish texts.
 The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell is published.
 Sir Walter Scott's novel The Fair Maid of Perth (or St. Valentine's Day; Chronicles of the Canongate, 2nd series) is published.

See also

 1828 in Ireland

References

Scotland
1820s in Scotland


title: Purity Cherotich Kirui

text:
Purity Cherotich Kirui (born 13 August 1991) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase. She holds a personal best of 9:19.42 minutes for the event. She was the gold medallist at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

Born in Kericho, her international debut came at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games, where she was seventh in the 1500 metres and also ran for Kenya as part of their 4×400 metres relay. She emerged as a steeplechase specialist in the 2010 season by winning the gold medal at the 2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

She made her first performances on the international track and field circuit in 2011 and had a series of top three finishes at IAAF World Challenge-level meets. She was in the top ten at three IAAF Diamond League races, but managed only seventh at the Kenyan Athletics Championships. She competed less frequently in 2012, with her best run coming at the Meeting Iberoamericano in Spain, where she was third in a best of 9:35.61 minutes. She was over ten minutes at the Kenyan Olympic trials, so did not gain selection.  A quick race opened her 2013 season in May and her run of 9:19.42 minutes for sixth at the Doha Diamond League meeting ranked her sixth fastest in the world that year, as well as the top thirty all-time rankings. She was in the top five at the Adidas Grand Prix and Memorial Van Damme, but the same placing at the national trials meant another year without international competition for Kirui.

Kirui was more consistent in 2014, coming fourth at the Shanghai Diamond League then winning the IAAF World Challenge Beijing in a meet record of 9:25.68 minutes. She claimed her first national title in June, then ran 9:23.43 minutes to place second behind Sofia Assefa in New York. Her performances earned her selection to compete for Kenya at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and led her country to a medal sweep of the women's steeplechase, defeating Milcah Cheywa (the defending champion and reigning world champion).

References

External links

Living people
1991 births
Kenyan female long-distance runners
Kenyan female steeplechase runners
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Kenya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
People from Kericho County
Sportspeople from Rift Valley Province
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
African Games bronze medalists for Kenya
African Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 African Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Kenya
21st-century Kenyan women
21st-century Kenyan people
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


title: 2014 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East

text:
The 2014 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East was the 28th season of the K&N Pro Series East. It began with the New Smyrna 150 presented by JEGS at New Smyrna Speedway on February 16, and ended with the Drive Sober 150 at Dover International Speedway on September 26. Dylan Kwasniewski entered the season as the defending Drivers' Champion.

Ben Rhodes won the championship with a round to spare, after amassing five race wins during the season; he also finished all bar three races inside the top-ten placings. Rhodes ultimately finished 60 points clear of his closest rival in the points standings, Cameron Hayley. Hayley finished on the podium in seven races – including five second-place finishes – but was unable to take a race win. Third place in the championship went to Gray Gaulding, who like Hayley, failed to take a race victory during 2014; his best result was a second-place finish at Bristol Motor Speedway. Three other drivers took two race wins, as Daniel Suárez won the opening two races of the season, while Scott Heckert and Austin Hill each won consecutive races, in the final four races. Other race-winning drivers were Brandon Jones, Jesse Little, Sergio Peña, Eddie MacDonald and Cole Custer.

Teams and drivers

Notes

Schedule

Notes

Results and standings

Races

Drivers' championship

(key) Bold - Pole position awarded by time. Italics - Pole position set by final practice results or rainout. * – Most laps led.

Notes
1 – Clint King, Chad Finley, Akinori Ogata, Zachary Bruenger, Beto Monteiro, Nathan Russell, J. P. Morgan, Ander Vilariño, John Salemi and Dale Quarterley received championship points, despite the fact that they did not qualify for the race.
2 – Dylan Presnell received championship points, despite the fact that he withdrew prior to the race.
3 – Scored points towards the K&N Pro Series West.

See also

 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
 2014 NASCAR Nationwide Series
 2014 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series
 2014 ARCA Racing Series
 2014 NASCAR K&N Pro Series West
 2014 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
 2014 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour
 2014 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series
 2014 NASCAR Toyota Series
 2014 NASCAR Whelen Euro Series

References

ARCA Menards Series East


title: Purity Cherotich

text:
Purity Cherotich is the name of

 Purity Cherotich Kirui (born 1991), Kenyan steeplechase runner
 Purity Cherotich Rionoripo (born 1993), Kenyan long-distance runner


title: Shiva Swaroop

text:
Shiva Swaroop was an Indian Police Officer. He served as the Director General of Central Reserve Police Force in Nagaland from 1975 to 1981. Later, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Arunachal Pradesh from November 1985 to February 1987.

References

Possibly living people
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Indian police officers


title: Partyzanske

text:
Partyzanske (; ; ) is a rural settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Partyzanske is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  southwest from Hurzuf, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 94 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

Rural settlements in Crimea
Yalta Municipality


The Sunkar International Ski Jumping Complex (, Sunqar halyqaralyq shańǵy tramplınder kesheni; ) is ski jumping center in Almaty, Kazakhstan. It's located in Gorniy Gigant District in the southern part of the city at an altitude of 900 metres above sea level in a unique place where there is almost no wind.

Sports: ski jumping, Nordic combined. The total area is 15137 km. The length of the large jumps is 125 and 90 meters.

History
In 1956, under the supervision of Eduard Chuprov, a teacher of the Institute of Physical Education, a 55-meter ski jump was restored, and a few years later the first national ski jumping and Nordic combined competitions were held in the Kazakh SSR. The first international competitions with the participation of 9 Soviet republics were held in 1959. Over time, the ski jump fell into disrepair and was destroyed.

The complex was built in 2010 on the site of the old ski jumping complex with 5,500 seating capacity.

For the Nordic World Junior Championships a new track was built at the complex, which meets modern requirements: a tracking system, timing system and lighting. The southern part of the track is asphalted to create both a competition area and a recreation area for citizens.

In 2011-2016, the springboard complex hosted the retro-festival "Alma-Ata - My First Love", becoming a new venue after the Alatau Sanatorium.

Features
The complex consists of five ski-jumps: K125, K95, and the training ramps K60, K40 and K20. Both artificial turf and snow can be used in every season. The complex also features a permanent multifunctional building with stands for 5,500 seats, a media press centre, a hotel, snowmaking and irrigation systems, a chairlift and underground car park, track and finish area for Nordic Combined, and a helipad.

Events

Men

Ladies

See also

Gorniy Gigant District

References

Sports venues in Kazakhstan
Buildings and structures in Almaty
Sport in Almaty
Skiing in Kazakhstan
Ski jumping venues


title: Lee Ju-yeol

text:
Lee Ju-yeol (; born 24 July 1952) is a South Korean economist and technocrat served as the 25th Governor of the Bank of Korea, the South Korean central bank, from 2014 to 2022. He was re-nominated for the governorship by President Moon Jae-in and the nomination was confirmed by the National Assembly, thus renewing his governorship to March 2022 and becoming the first central bank Governor to be appointed for a second term throughout the history of the nation. He also serves as the Alternate Governor representing South Korea on the IMF Board.

Lee received his BA in Business Management from Yonsei University in 1977 and MA in Economics from Pennsylvania State University in 1988. He first worked at the Bank of Korea in 1977 and served as Senior Deputy Governor from 2009 to 2012. Afterwards, he retired to work as an Economics professor at Yonsei University.

Lee is married and has a son and a daughter.

References

1952 births
Living people
Governors of the Bank of Korea
South Korean economists
Yonsei University alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni


title: The Practice of History

text:
The Practice of History is a 1967 book by the historian Geoffrey Elton published by Fontana Books. It is an examination of Elton's ideas of how history is, and should be, written.

Content
Elton's analysis of the historical method is one that is founded upon certain clear and fundamental principles and ideas that he thought lay behind history on the one hand and the construction of narrative by the historian on the other. Primarily this included the notion that the historian reconstructed events and phenomena that had actually occurred in objective reality through the process of rigorous analysis of documentary sources. Historical facts themselves are, therefore, conceived as being independent of the observer rather than being affected and coloured by the perspective adopted by the observer. Elton's focus is emphatically upon history as a series of events rather than states as the foundation of his concept of what constitutes historical facts.

Elton does not theorize that absolute objectivity is possible and argues instead that there are limits to historical knowledge (he even goes as far to admit that "for the greater part of history we shall always know very little or nothing concerning such things"), but is adamant that the vocation of the historian is to attempt to manifest the reality of the past as well as possible, given his view that there exists a "dead reality independent of the inquiry." Elton also argues that it is important to follow certain key principles in writing history, such as the process of putting questions to past documents which do not manifest bias towards an answer that is already in mind, or the bearing in mind that people living in the past did not have the benefit of hindsight that the historian himself has.

He also argued in favour of a general focus upon a political and constitutional history of Britain by British historians, as opposed to the rising forces of social, cultural and postcolonial historiography in his own time period.

Elton's work contrasts with the ideas of other historians such as E. H. Carr, whose views of the historical process Elton saw as being characterised by a dangerous relativism.

Elton proposes that historical scholarship is akin to a form of craftsmanship, with young scholars needing to undertake an apprenticeship in order to learn the process (or techne). In particular, the skill that is required is that of explaining historical change, and the deducing of consequences from disparate facts.

References

1967 non-fiction books
Books about historiography
British non-fiction books


title: Rachid Chihab

text:
Rachid Chihab (born 9 September 1961) is a Moroccan football manager who is currently managing Feignies Aulnoye FC.

Chihab was born in Morocco, and moved to France at the age of 12. He played football as an amateur, and quickly switched to coaching.

References

External links
  Rachid Chihab at ''footballdatabase.eu

1961 births
Living people
People from Mohammedia
Moroccan football managers
French football managers
French sportspeople of Moroccan descent
Expatriate football managers in Belgium


title: Knoxville Mennonite Church

text:
Knoxville Mennonite Church (KMC) is a Mennonite church located in Knoxville, Tennessee, and a member of the Virginia Mennonite Conference of Mennonite Church USA.

History
The church was started by Charles B. Byers and his wife when they came to Knoxville, Tennessee in 1917 in a large two-story house on 1308 West 4th Street. Some years later the church was supported by the Virginia Mission Board. In 1921, the church moved to a brick building at the corner of West 4th Street and the University Avenue. In 1977 the member of the church decided to move to the Cumberland Estates area on four acres of land, on which the church remains to the present.

Present congregation
The present congregation is composed of about 60 persons, about 70 percent of these are non-ethnic Mennonites. They are blue-collar workers, skilled tradesmen, and professional people.

External links
 Website

Mennonite congregations
Knoxville, Tennessee


title: Cicada (genus)

text:
Cicada is a genus of old world cicadas in the family Cicadidae, and the tribe Cicadini. There are at least 60 described species in Cicada.

Species
The following species belong to the genus Cicada:

 Cicada aichorni Heer, 1853 c g
 Cicada albicans Walker & F., 1858 c g
 Cicada albida Gmelin, 1789 i c g
 Cicada americana Gmelin, 1789 i c
 Cicada asius Walker & F., 1850 c g
 Cicada atomaria Fabricius, 1794 g
 Cicada barbara (Stal, 1866) c g
 Cicada benghalensis Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada bimaculata Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada brazilensis Metcalf, 1963 i c
 Cicada cantillans Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada casmatmema Capanni, 1894 c g
 Cicada cerisyi Guérin-Méneville, 1844 c g
 Cicada cinerea
 Cicada clarisona Hancock, 1834 i c
 Cicada collaris De Geer, 1773 i c
 Cicada complex Walker & F., 1850 c g
 Cicada confusa Metcalf, 1963 i c g
 Cicada cretensis Quartau & Simoes, 2005 c g
 Cicada dipalliata
 Cicada dominula Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada effecta Walker, 1858 i c
 Cicada egregia Uhler, 1903 i
 Cicada forsythii Buckton, 1891 c g
 Cicada fuscomaculata Goeze, 1778 c g
 Cicada goezei Metcalf, 1963 c g
 Cicada grandiosa Scudder, 1892 c g
 Cicada guttata Forster, 1771 i c
 Cicada javanensis Metcalf, 1963 c g
 Cicada kirkaldyi Metcalf, 1963 i c g
 Cicada leucothoe Walker, 1852 i c
 Cicada lineola
 Cicada lineolata
 Cicada lodosi Boulard, 1979 c g
 Cicada mannifica Forskal, 1775 c g
 Cicada melanaria Germar, 1830 i c
 Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 i c g
 Cicada mordoganensis Boulard, 1979 c g
 Cicada muscilliformis
 Cicada muscoides Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada nigropunctata Goeze, 1778 i c g
 Cicada nodosa
 Cicada novella Metcalf, 1963 i c g
 Cicada olivierana Metcalf, 1963 c g
 Cicada opercularis Olivier, 1790 c g
 Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758 - type species
 Cicada palearctica
 Cicada pallens
 Cicada pallida Goeze, 1778 c g
 Cicada pennata (Distant, 1881) i
 Cicada permagna (Haupt, 1917) c g
 Cicada poae
 Cicada proserpina Weyenbergh, H. & Jr., 1874 c g
 Cicada purpurescens Metcalf, 1963 i c g
 Cicada quadristriata Gmelin, 1790 g
 Cicada regina Graber & V., 1876 c g
 Cicada rubicunda Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada sahlbergi Stål, 1854 i c
 Cicada sebai Metcalf, 1963 c g
 Cicada thalassina Germar, 1830 i c
 Cicada turtoni Metcalf, 1963 i c g
 Cicada ungeri Heer, 1853 c g
 Cicada variegata Houttuyn, 1787 g
 Cicada virescens Fabricius, 1794 g

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

External links

Cicadidae genera


title: Jay Owens (musician)

text:
Jay Owens (September 6, 1947 – November 26, 2005) was a blind African-American electric blues and soul blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.

Life and career
Isaac Jerome Owens was born in Lake City, Florida, United States.  His mother was a minister in a local church, where Owens first learned to sing. He learned to appreciate blues from an uncle of his. Having obtained his first guitar, Owens was playing music professionally by the time he left high school.

Owens played alongside his friend, Johnny Kay, in the 1970s and 1980s, leading a succession of bands playing in the Tampa Bay and St. Petersberg area of Florida.  In such a role he supported many other musicians such as O. V. Wright, Al Green, Stevie Wonder, Donny Hathaway, Aaron Neville and Little Milton.

Mike Vernon produced Owens' debut solo album, The Blues Soul of Jay Owens, which was released on Atlantic Records in 1993, and featured Pete Wingfield playing keyboards It won Living Blues magazine's 'Best Blues Album' and 'Best Debut Album' awards.  In 1995, EastWest issued Movin' On, which included contributions as before from Vernon and Wingfield, whilst Dave Bronze played bass guitar on the collection.

He was also a prolific songwriter, and his songs have been recorded by Jim Leverton ("Only Human"), James Booker ("1-2-3" and "One Hell of a Nerve"), and K. T. Oslin ("Come On-A My House").

In 1997, Owens moved to Orlando, Florida after spending twenty years in New York City.

Owens died at his home in Orlando, at the age of 58, from complications of diabetes in November 2005.

Discography

See also
List of electric blues musicians
List of soul-blues musicians

References

External links

Discogs.com

1947 births
2005 deaths
American blues singers
20th-century African-American male singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
Electric blues musicians
Soul-blues musicians
Songwriters from Florida
People from Lake City, Florida
Blind musicians
Deaths from diabetes
20th-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male singers
African-American songwriters
African-American guitarists
21st-century African-American people
American male songwriters
American blind people
American musicians with disabilities


title: Vysokohirne, Yalta Municipality

text:
Vysokohirne (; ) is a rural settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Previously, the settlement was known as the Tuzler village (). Following the forced deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR published a decree on May 18, 1948 renaming the settlement along with many others throughout Crimea from their native Crimean Tatar names to their current variants.

Vysokohirne is located on Crimea's southern shore at an elevation of . The settlement is located  southwest from Livadiya, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 137 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population:

References

Rural settlements in Crimea
Yalta Municipality


title: Ertis

text:
Ertis (, Ertıs) is a selo in northern Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Ertis District in Pavlodar Region. Population: . It is situated on the left bank of the Irtysh River.

Climate

References

Populated places in Pavlodar Region
Populated places on the Irtysh River


title: 2014–15 Swiss Challenge League

text:
The 2014-15 Swiss Challenge League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Brack.ch Challenge League, was the 12th season of the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier in the Swiss football pyramid. It began on 19 July 2014 and was scheduled to end on 30 May 2015. The league was on winter break between 8 December 2014 and 7 February 2015. Servette were forcibly relegated at the end of the season after their failure to acquire a license for the 2015-16 season.

Participating teams

Stadia and locations

Personnel and kits

League table

Results

First and Second Round

Third and Fourth Round

Season statistics

Top scorers

References

External links

Soccerway

Swiss Challenge League
2014–15 in Swiss football
Swiss Challenge League seasons


title: Head over Heels in Love (song)

text:
"Head Over Heels in Love" is a song by Kevin Keegan, the former football player and manager. It was released as a single on 9 June 1979 by EMI Records. The single features another original song, "Move on Down" as the B-side, which unlike "Head Over Heels in Love", is more of a hard rock song.

Background
The single peaked at number 31 in the UK Singles Chart and climbed to number 20 in Austria, and 10 in Germany where Keegan was based at the time, and where co-writer Chris Norman's band Smokie were popular.

References

1979 singles
1979 songs
Songs written by Chris Norman


title: Matthew Dixon (diver)

text:
Matthew Lewis Dixon (born 19 April 2000) is an English diver who represents Great Britain and specialises in the 10 metre platform event. He won a silver medal at the European Championships in the 10 m synchro platform with Noah Williams as well as two silvers at the Commonwealth Games.

Career

2012–13
At the 2012 British National Cup Matthew finished 12th in the 10 m platform. At the 2013 British Diving Championship he finished 10th in the 3 m springboard and 5th in the 10 m Platform preliminaries.

2014: Commonwealth Games
At the 2014 European Junior Championships he finished 15th in the 1 m Springboard, 8th in the 3 m Springboard and won Bronze on the platform. At the 2014 British National Cup he finished 8th in the 3 m springboard and 5th in the 10 m platform. At the 2014 British Diving Championship he won Gold in the 10 m platform. At the 2014 Commonwealth Games Matthew finished 9th in the 10 m platform.

2017
In 2017, Dixon partnered with Noah Williams in the men's synchronized 10 metre platform in the FINA Grand Prix event in held in Gatineau, Canada, and won a gold medal. At the European Juniors in Bergen, Norway, the duo also won a silver in the 10 metre platform synchro.  Dixon also won a gold in the group A platform, beating his diving partner Williams.

At the 2017 European Diving Championships, Williams and Dixon won their first senior international title, gaining a bronze in the 10 metre platform synchro.

2018–2019
At the 2018 British Diving Championships, Dixon reclaimed his 10m platform title, scoring 437.10 in the prelims and a new personal best of 494.30 in the final, beating Leeds' Matty Lee and London's Noah Williams. Dixon and Williams came 2nd in the 10m synchro.

At the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Australia, Dixon and Williams scored 399.99 points, winning the silver medal behind fellow GB divers Tom Daley and Daniel Goodfellow. He also won a silver medal in the 10m individual event with a final score of 449.55, losing out to Australian diver Domonic Bedggood, who came first with a score of 451.15.

At the World Junior Diving Championships in Kyiv, Dixon and Williams won the silver medal in the 10 metre platform synchro.

At the 2018 European Championships in Glasgow/Edinburgh, Dixon won a silver with Noah Williams in the Men's 10 m synchro platform.

At the 2019 European Diving Championships held in Kyiv, Dixon won a bronze in Men's 10m synchro with Williams.

Achievements

References

References and notes

 A  Preliminaries

External links

  (2014)

 Style '20 Happy 2020 PROJECT - NTT docomo
 Style '20 マシュー選手　紹介ムービー - YouTube

2000 births
Living people
British male divers
English male divers
Commonwealth Games medallists in diving
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Divers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Divers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Divers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Plymouth, Devon
21st-century British people
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Divers at the 2015 European Games
Divers at the 2023 European Games
European Games bronze medalists for Great Britain
European Games medalists in diving


title: NISAR (satellite)

text:
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar on an Earth observation satellite. The satellite will be the first radar imaging satellite to use dual frequencies. It will be used for remote sensing, to observe and understand natural processes on Earth. For example, its left-facing instruments will study the Antarctic cryosphere. With a total cost estimated at US$1.5 billion, NISAR is likely to be the world's most expensive Earth-imaging satellite.

Overview
The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR satellite, will use advanced radar imaging to map the elevation of Earth's land and ice masses 4 to 6 times a month at resolutions of 5 to 10 meters. It is designed to observe and measure some of the planet's most complex natural processes, including ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, and natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and landslides.

The mission is a partnership between NASA and ISRO. Under the terms of the agreement, NASA will provide the mission's L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a high-rate telecommunication subsystem for scientific data GPS receivers, a solid-state recorder, and a payload data subsystem. ISRO will provide the satellite bus, an S-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the launch vehicle, and associated launch services.

All data from NISAR would be freely available one to two days after observation and within hours in case of emergencies like natural disasters. Data collected from NISAR will reveal information about the evolution and state of Earth's crust, help scientists better understand our planet's natural processes and changing climate, and aid future resource and hazard management.

The satellite will be three-axis stabilized. It will use a  deployable mesh antenna and will operate on both the L- and S- microwave bands. The aperture mesh reflector (antenna) will be supplied by Astro Aerospace, a Northrop Grumman company.

The satellite will be launched from India aboard a GSLV in Oct 2024. The orbit will be a Sun-synchronous, dawn-to-dusk type. The planned mission life is three years. The project has passed the first stage of the design validation phase and has been reviewed and approved by NASA.

ISRO's share of the project cost is about , and NASA's share is about US$808 million.

Payload
 L-band (1.25 GHz; 24 cm wavelength ) polarimetric SAR, to be produced by NASA.
 S-band (3.20 GHz; 9.3 cm wavelength ) polarimetric SAR, to be produced by ISRO.

See also

 Earth observation satellite
 Indian Remote Sensing
 List of Indian satellites
 Seasat
 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

References

ISRO satellites
NASA satellites
India–United States relations
2024 in spaceflight
Synthetic aperture radar satellites


title: Staromykhailivka

text:
Staromykhailivka (), sometimes transcribed as Staromikhailovka (), is an urban-type settlement in Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Due to occupation of the settlement and other eastern portions of Marinka Raion by Russian forces, in 2020 the raion was dissolved and most of it still controlled by Ukraine merged with Volnovakha Raion. Population:

Staromykhailivka is located on banks of Lozova river which is a tributary of Vovcha. Staromykhailivka is a suburb of Donetsk bordering the Donetsk's Abakumova neighborhood (microdistrict). The settlement has population of 5,337 (2011).

The settlement was established in 1747 by Mykhailo Motsahor and was known as Mykhailivka.

Starting Mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast; including Staromykhailivka. On 2 August 2014 the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine confirmed reports that Ukrainian forces had recaptured control of Staromykhailivka from pro-Russian insurgents.

As of October 2016, the settlement was under control of pro-Russian forces.

Notable people
 Pavlo Hryshchenko (born 1990), Ukrainian footballer

References

Urban-type settlements in Donetsk Raion
Donetsk urban hromada


title: Echo (communications protocol)

text:
Echo (one-to-all, one-to-one, or one-to-some distribution) is a group communications protocol where authenticated and encrypted information is addressed to members connected to a node.

Adaptive Echo, Full Echo, and Half Echo can be chosen as several modes of the encrypted Echo protocol.

The Echo protocol offers three modes of operation: Adaptive Echo, Full Echo, and Half Echo.

Adaptive Echo

The Adaptive Echo distributes messages to parties that have shown awareness of a secret token. The graphic at the side shows the communication example of Hansel and Gretel. Referring to the old fairy tale, both highlight the trees with either "white pebbles" or "bread crumbs" to discover each other in the forest. They wish to communicate without the wicked witch knowing. How can Hansel and Gretel communicate without revealing their communications? The nodes in this example use the token "white pebbles". Because the wicked witch is unaware of the secret token, she will not receive communications from Hansel and Gretel unless, of course, she misbehaves.

Full Echo

Full Echo or simply Echo sends each message to every neighbor. Every neighbor does the same, unless it's the target node of a specific message. In smaller networks, the message should reach every peer. Nodes can be client, server, or both.

Half Echo

The Half Echo sends the message only to a direct neighbor. If configured correctly, the target node will not disperse the received message to other nearby nodes. This allows two neighbors to communicate with each other on dedicated sockets. That is, data from other nodes will not traverse the restricted socket. Though always authenticated and encrypted, the nodes can exclude others from knowing about the communications.

Echo Accounts

Accounts allow for exclusive connections. A server node may establish accounts and then distribute the credentials' information. Accounts create an artificial web of trust without exposing the public encryption key and without attaching the key to an IP address.

References

External links

Internet architecture
Internet broadcasting
Television terminology
Routing
Multihoming
Packets (information technology)


title: Norman Cornish

text:
Norman Stansfield Cornish (18 November 1919 – 1 August 2014) was an English mining artist.

Career
Cornish was the last surviving member of the "Pitman's Academy" art school at the Spennymoor Settlement in County Durham in North East England. A former miner, he was known for his pictures of mining community life. Other artistic contemporaries of Cornish from the Spennymoor Settlement included Herbert Dees, Robert Heslop and Tom McGuinness.

Cornish started work as a miner in 1933, at the age of 14. He continued to work as a miner even after his painting career was established, until he retired as a miner and became a full-time artist in 1966.

Cornish was granted an honorary Master of Arts degree by Newcastle University in 1974, and an honorary doctorate by Sunderland University in 2012. He was a contemporary and friend of the artist L. S. Lowry.

He was married to Sarah. They had two children, John and Ann.

Legacy
To mark the 100th anniversary of Cornish's birth, the Bowes Museum organised the first "major retrospective" of Cornish's work. The exhibition was scheduled to run from November 2019 to February 2020. An exhibition of some of Cornish's 269 sketchbooks was scheduled for display over the same period at Durham University's Palace Green Library.

In 2019, a 'Norman Cornish Trail' was created in Spennymoor to allow people to follow a 1.5 mile route to view many of the scenes painted by Cornish.

A room within the art gallery at Spennymoor Town Hall has been dedicated to exhibiting paintings by Cornish.

References

External links
 Artist's website

1919 births
2014 deaths
English miners
Pitman painters


title: 2014 Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá

text:
The 2014 Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $100,000+H in prize money. It took place in Bogotá, Colombia, on 11–17 August 2014.

Singles main draw entrants

Seeds

 1 Rankings as of 4 August 2014

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Laura Arciniegas
  Yuliana Lizarazo
  Daniela Pedraza Novak
  María Paulina Pérez

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Alexa Guarachi
  Tatjana Maria
  Ana Paula Neffa de los Ríos
  Marcela Zacarías

Champions

Singles

  Lara Arruabarrena def.  Johanna Larsson 6–1, 6–3

Doubles

  Lara Arruabarrena /  Florencia Molinero def.  Melanie Klaffner /  Patricia Mayr-Achleitner 6–2, 6–0

External links
 2014 Seguros Bolívar Open Bogotá at ITFtennis.com

2014
2014 ITF Women's Circuit
Clay court tennis tournaments
Tennis tournaments in Colombia
2014 in Colombian tennis


title: Brian P. Levack

text:
Brian Paul Levack (born 1943) is an American historian of early modern Britain and Europe.

He received his B.A. (summa cum laude) from Fordham University in 1965, and then both his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. (1970) from Yale. In 1969 he joined the History Department of the University of Texas at Austin, where he is now the John E. Green Regents Professor in History. His research interests center on the history of the law, the relationship between law and politics in early modern Britain, the formation of the British state, witch-hunting, and demonic possession.

Levack is most widely known for his book The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (3rd edition, 2006), a comparative survey of witch-hunting throughout the early modern world that has been translated into eight languages. He has edited twenty books, including The Jacobean Union: Six Tracts of 1604 (1985) and The Witchcraft Sourcebook (2004). His most recent book, The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West (2013), challenges the commonly held belief that possession signals physical or mental illness and argues that demoniacs and exorcists—consciously or not—are following their various religious cultures, and their performances can only be understood in those contexts.

The recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1975, Levack was appointed Scholar in Residence at the Frances Lewis Law Center, Washington and Lee University School of Law, in 1994. At Texas he was admitted to the Academy of Distinguished Teachers in 2004, and in 2011 he received the University of Texas Regents Outstanding Teaching Award. Levack offers a wide variety of courses on early modern British and European history, legal history, and the history of witchcraft. For eight years he served as the chair of his department.

Select bibliography

Books
 The Civil Lawyers in England, 1603-1641: A Political Study.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
 The Formation of the British State: England, Scotland and the Union, 1603-1707. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
 Witch-Hunting in Scotland: Law, Politics and Religion. London: Routledge, 2008.
 The Devil Within: Possession and Exorcism in the Christian West. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2013.
 The West: Encounters and Transformations  (with Edward Muir, Michael Maas, and Meredith Veldman). New York: Pearson Longman, 2004. 2nd edition 2006, 3rd ed. 2010, 4th ed. 2013.
 The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe. London: Longman, 1987; 2nd ed. 1995; 3rd ed. 2006; 4d. 2016.

Books edited
 The Jacobean Union: Six Tracts of 1604. Co-edited with Bruce Galloway. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1985.
 New Perspectives on Witchcraft, Magic and Demonology: A Six-Volume Anthology of Articles. New York: Routledge, 2001.
 The Witchcraft Sourcebook. New York and London: Routledge, 2004.
 The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

References

1943 births
Living people
Fordham University alumni
Yale University alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty


title: David Nyika

text:
David Kieran Nyika (born 7 August 1995) is a New Zealand professional boxer. As an amateur, he won a gold medal at both the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games as well as competing at the 2017 and 2019 World Championships. Nyika and Sarah Hirini were the New Zealand flag bearers at the 2020 Summer Olympics. Nyika gained significant media attention after an incident during the Round of 16 at the 2020 Summer Olympics in which Moroccan boxer Youness Baalla attempted to bite Nyika's ear.

Amateur career

2020 Summer Olympics

On July 27, 2021, Nyika won a Round of 16 match against Moroccan Youness Baalla in the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. In what was described by commentators as a "disgraceful act", during the third round, Baalla attempted to bite Nyika. The biting incident overshadowed the competition as New Zealand media reported that it "marred" Nyika's Olympic debut.  The incident drew comparisons to Mike Tyson and Evander Holyfield's 1997 fight in which Tyson repeatedly bit Holyfield's ear.

On August 3, 2021, David Nyika won a bronze medal after being defeated in the men's heavyweight semifinal against Russian Olympic Committee's Muslim Gadzhimagomedov.

Commonwealth Game results
Glasgow 2014
Round of 32: Defeated Luvuyo Sizani (South Africa) 2–0
Round of 16: Defeated Scott Forrest (Scotland) 3–0
Quarter-finals: Defeated Sumit Sangwan (India) 3–0
Semi-finals: Defeated Sean McGlinchy (Northern Ireland) 3–0
Final: Defeated Kennedy St-Pierre (Mauritius) 3–0

Gold Coast 2018
Round of 16: Defeated Yakita Aska (Antigua and Barbuda) 5–0
Quarter-finals: Defeated Christian Ndzie Tsoye (Cameroon) W/O
Semi-finals: Defeated Cheavon Clarke (England) 5–0
Final: Defeated Jason Whateley (Australia) 5–0

World Championship results
Hamburg 2017
Round of 16: Defeated Igor Teziev (Germany) 5–0
Quarter-finals: Defeated by Evgeny Tishchenko (Russia) 4–1

Yekaterinburg 2019
Round of 32: Defeated Ahmed Hagag (Austria) 5–0
Round of 16: Defeated by Muslim Gadzhimagomedov (Russia) 5–0

Olympic Games results
Tokyo 2020
Round of 16: Defeated Youness Baalla (Morocco) 5-0
Quarter-finals: Defeated Uladzislau Smiahlikau (Belarus) 5-0
Semi-finals: Defeated by Muslim Gadzhimagomedov (Russia) 4–1

Professional career

Early career
On 26 January 2021, it was announced that Nyika would make his professional debut against Jesse Maio on the undercard of Joseph Parker vs. Junior Fa at Spark Arena on 27 February 2021. The bout would end in strange fashion as following a big right hand landed by Nyika that floored Maio, Maio would protest that the punch landed behind the head. Despite protestations from Maio that he had been hit behind the head, Nyika was awarded the win just 29 seconds into the opening round.

Following his bronze medal winning performance at the 2020 Summer Olympics Nyika would relocate to Morecambe, England in preparation for his second pro bout and would begin training under former WBO middleweight champion Andy Lee and would train alongside reigning WBC heavyweight champion Tyson Fury and former WBO heavyweight champion Joseph Parker. He would make his UK debut against Frenchman Anthony Carpin on the undercard of the rematch between Joseph Parker vs. Dereck Chisora  at AO Arena in Manchester on 18 December 2021. Nyika would progress to 2–0 dominating Carpin throughout the initial three minutes and when the bell rang to end the opening round, Carpin would retire on his stool complaining about an left elbow injury.

Nyika's next outing would be involved in a crowd-pleasing five-round scrap with Karim Maatalla on the undercard of George Kambosos Jr vs Devin Haney on 5 June, 2022. Nyika showcased some of the skills that helped him win Olympic bronze and two Commonwealth Games golds as he out-fought the game Maatalla over five rounds to win 49–46, 49–46 and 48–47 on the judges scorecards. Speaking on his performance after the fight, Nyika said, "Realistically, I'd give it like a C-, It was exactly what I needed. I needed some tough opposition, someone who can actually take the shots as well as give them back."

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
Light-heavyweight boxers
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
Boxers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Hamilton, New Zealand
New Zealand male boxers
New Zealand people of Ugandan descent
New Zealand people of Welsh descent
New Zealand people of English descent
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Boxers at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Boxers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in boxing
Olympic bronze medalists for New Zealand
Olympic boxers for New Zealand
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games


title: Woman's Century

text:
Woman's Century was the official organ of the National Council of Women of Canada (NCWC), published in Toronto  between 1913 and 1921. The magazine was relatively conservative, and supported World War I, but stood up for women's rights and universal suffrage.

Foundation
The founder of Woman's Century was Jessie Campbell MacIver. She had come to Canada from Scotland with her husband, a lawyer, and five children. She became involved in the National Council of Women. The first issue of Woman's Century appeared in May 1913. It was largely produced out of MacIver's home, with the help of her husband and children. The purpose was to educate women about public issues and the reforms that were needed, and to provide a forum for discussion by different women's groups. The title page described it as "A journal of education and progress for Canadian women." The monthly journal was modeled on successful British and American feminist periodicals. It was one of the very few women's rights journals published in Canada.

History
In April 1914 the NCWC made the magazine their official organ. The NCWC slowly assumed ownership of the magazine, while MacIver continued to manage and edit it. The magazine often reported on the British Dominions Woman Suffrage Union (BDWSU), an important empire-wide organization. In 1918–19 there was discussion about forming a Woman's Party, and some enthusiasts assumed that Woman's Century would become the new party's official organ. This claim was later retracted. Woman’s Century was published until 1921.

Views
An analysis of references in the magazine to consumer issues suggest that the contributors were economically conservative. They supported Canadian manufacturing and the federal state, but were not concerned with reducing inequalities of wealth. The NCWC said that the greater public responsibility that they were advocating for women was a natural extension of their role as mothers, an argument now known as "maternal feminism". In a 1917 article the Women's Art Association of Canada proclaimed its support of this view. It stated, "Service is the keynote to happiness. Every part of the Art Association's activities is based on service to the individual, to the community, and to the nation."

Elizabeth Becker wrote an article subtitled The Double Standard Shown in the Criminal Code. She noted that the maximum penalty for an employer who seduced an employee under twenty one years old was two years, while the maximum penalty for an employee who stole from their employer was fourteen years. In 1918 Edith Lang published an article attacking the Criminal Code Amendment Act. She wrote,

During World War I (1914–18) Woman's Century supported Canadian involvement. In April 1915 the magazine stated it was opposed to the International Congress of Women planned for the Hague, which led to the formation of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. In late summer 1917 there was a report that the suffragists Laura Hughes and Harriet Dunlop Prenter had equated suffrage and pacifism  in Ontario. MacIver harshly denied this. She wrote that the "National Union and Ontario Equal Franchise Association have again and again expressed themselves as repudiating utterly any question of premature peace. Any pacifist literature which has been received from the Hague and elsewhere has been consigned by these societies to the waste-paper basket. Women's Century again wishes very definitely to repudiate all utterances ... or any pacifist propaganda, and to reiterate once again that it stands for a Union Government, Conscription and Winning the War".

In April 1918 Woman's Century ran several stories on the lowering of moral standards caused by the war. There were said to be millions of illegitimate children in Germany. France was trying to reduce venereal disease by licensing and regulating prostitution. Gertrude Richardson wrote "war and militarism are the bitterest of all foes of womanhood, wifehood, motherhood and the home". However, she said this was just one of the results of war. Unlike other feminist writers, she did not blame the soldiers or the loose women who tempted them. She wrote "Shall we who drive them to the hell of war condemn their departure from our standard of morals? Ours is the responsibility, not only for the blighted purity, but for the maimed forms, the shattered brains, the sightless eyes."

References
Citations

Sources

1913 establishments in Ontario
1921 disestablishments in Ontario
Lifestyle magazines published in Canada
Monthly magazines published in Canada
Women's magazines published in Canada
Conservative magazines published in Canada
Defunct magazines published in Canada
Feminist magazines
Magazines established in 1913
Magazines disestablished in 1921
Magazines published in Toronto


title: Svengarlic

text:
Svengarlic is a 1931 short animated film distributed by Columbia Pictures, and one of the many cartoons featuring the comic strip character Krazy Kat. The film is a parody of the 1931 film Svengali which in turn is based on the 1894 novel Trilby.

Plot
A crazed labrador, who is a musician, plays some music on his piano (one of which would be repeated by Krazy in Seeing Stars). When his piano collapses due to being overplayed, the labrador gobbles some garlic pieces, and delivers a breath onto the instrument. Surprisingly, the piano returns to its normal shape, and the canine musician is able to play again. When he is finished playing, he spots someone outside singing with a voice he finds pretty.

Out in the street, it appears the one singing is the spaniel girlfriend of Krazy Kat. She then comes to a hotel, looking to get a room. The hotel guests find her likable as they courteously hurl their keys at her feet. One of the guests is Krazy who instead lowers a rope from his window to pick her up.

Inside his room, Krazy could not help looking constantly at his sweetheart. He then asks the spaniel to stand on a platform where he tries to paint a portrait of her. Their meeting, however, gets interrupted when the labrador comes unexpectedly. The labrador, who is also skilled in hypnosis, uses his spell to lure the spaniel out of the building, much to Krazy's surprise.

The labrador then lures the spaniel into a theater and onto a stage. Under the labrador's conducting, the spaniel sings in the style of a soprano. Although the conductor receives a bit of harassment from Krazy, the act continues. When the spaniel has trouble making the high notes, the labrador uses his garlic breath once more to improve her performance. But before he could hear the final notes, the labrador is sprayed ether on by Krazy. Krazy then sneaks behind the curtains, and jerks the spaniel at the back, causing her to let out a high note which the spectators find impressive. Krazy and the spaniel celebrate the act with a kiss.

References

External links
Svengarlic at the Big Cartoon Database

1931 films
American animated short films
American black-and-white films
1931 animated films
Krazy Kat shorts
Columbia Pictures short films
1930s American animated films
Animated films about dogs
Columbia Pictures animated short films
Screen Gems short films


title: 1999 Monaghan County Council election

text:
An election to Monaghan County Council took place on 10 June 1999 as part of that year's Irish local elections. 20 councillors were elected from four local electoral areas  for a five-year term of office on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Results by party

Results by local electoral area

Carrickmacross

Castleblayney

Clones

Monaghan

External links
 Official website

1999 Irish local elections
Monaghan County Council elections


title: Vale todo

text:
Vale todo, is a telenovela co-produced in 2002 by Rede Globo and Telemundo. The soap opera was an adaptation of the 1988 Brazilian telenovela Vale Tudo and was released for the U.S. Hispanic market on June 17. It starred Mexican actress Itatí Cantoral and Peruvian actor Diego Bertie, and co-starred Argentine Javier Gómez, Ana Claudia Talancón, as well as actress Zully Montero.

Cast
 Itatí Cantoral as Raquel Accioli
 Diego Bertie as Iván Corrêa
 Javier Gómez as Marco Aurélio Alvarez
 Ana Claudia Talancón as Maria de Fátima Accioli
 Antônio Fagundes as Salvador
 Roberto Mateos as Rubén
 Germán Barrios as Octavio
 Enrique Borja as Rodolfo
 Alejandra Borrero as Helena Almeida Roittman
 Carlos Caballero as Mario
 Marisol Colero as Mercedes
 Ricardo Chávez as Felipe
 Agmeth Escaf as Alfonso Almeida Roittman
 Jorge Adrián Espíndola as Júan
 Rossana Fernández Maldonado as Beatriz
 José Luis Franco as Renato
 Alberto Guerra as Bruno
 Khotan as Pablo Argos
 Consuelo Luzardo as Celina Almeida
 Santiago Magill as Santiago
 Paulo César Quevedo as César Ribeiro
 Carla Rodríguez as Fernanda
 Julio Rodríguez Caloggero as Eugenio
 Nadia Rowinsky as Aleida
 Verónica Terán as Maria José
 Elena Toledo as Isabel
 Patricia Valdez as Dolores
 Beatriz Vásquez as Leila
 Zully Montero as Lucrécia Almeida Roittman
 Paulo Said
 Santiago Maschender

External links

Telemundo telenovelas
2002 telenovelas
2002 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
Spanish-language American telenovelas
American television series based on Brazilian television series


title: Aarhus Jazz Festival

text:
Aarhus Jazz Festival (formerly Aarhus International Jazz Festival) is an eight-day jazz festival in Aarhus, Denmark. It is held every year in July,
August or September. The festival performs at the Aarhus Concert Hall, as well as many different venues across the city. Many concerts are played outdoors in the public space and are for free. Aarhus Jazz Festival has been awarded with the European Effe Label in 2017-2018. The 2018 festival was held from 14 to 21 July and the 2019 festival takes place from 13 to 20 July.

History
Initiated in 1988 by Musikhuset and local venues, Aarhus Jazz Festival has been an annual summer event in the city since 1989. The festival is bent on featuring new talents in jazz as well as both local and international stars. From the beginning, the festival has featured many notable and world-renowned international jazz stars and bands such as Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Herbie Hancock, The Zawinul Syndicate, Clark Terry, Mike Stern and John Scofield - some of them several times - in a mix with more local notables such as John Tchicai, Jesper Thilo, Svend Asmussen, Ed Thigpen, Cæcilie Norby, Sinne Eeg, Marilyn Mazur, Pierre Dørge and Alex Riel. The programme is quite broad in its musical choices, often including world renowned blues performers like B.B.King, Bonnie Raitt, John Mayall or Danish blues acts like Kenn Lendings Blues Band, Shades of Blue or The Blue Junction. Alternative musical styles with jazz-influences have been represented by artists such as Nitin Sawhney, Sting, Dr. John, Abdullah Ibrahim and The Roots in a mix with many local, new or unknown names.

The festival has grown considerably in the 2010s; in 2014 it featured 230 concerts at 29 venues, while in 2018, the festival celebrated its 30th anniversary with more than 360 concerts across 42 venues.

From 2014 to 2017 when Aarhus was European Capital of Culture, Aarhus Jazz Festival turned its focus towards European jazz; jazz from Poland in particular, since the city of Wrocław was Capital of Culture in 2016. The 2016 festival took a deliberate focus on the women in jazz, and included international female artists like Melody Gardot, Sarah McKenzie and Lizz Wright and that years poster also featured Hiromi Uehara. Both the 2016 and 2017 festivals were expanded to last 10 days and also included world music concerts in addition to the more rigid jazz programme.

Stan Getz was the first international artist to play at Aarhus Jazz festival in 1989 and as a homage, the 2018 festival played his music at several concerts. The 2019 festival will celebrate 100 years of jazz music in Aarhus.

Posters
Graphic designer Finn Nygaard, himself from Aarhus and a lover of jazz music, has created many of the festival posters.
 He received design awards for these posters in 1990, 1991, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2002.

See also

References

External links

 Mark Sabbatini: The 2005 Aarhus International Jazz Festival All About Jazz (1 August 2005). Retrieved on 5 August 2014. A review.
 Sommerens jazzfestivaler i Danmark Jazz Denmark. Short reviews of Danish jazz festivals in the summer.
 The Ultimate Guide to jazz festivals in Europe (Denmark) jazzfests.net

Events in Aarhus
Jazz festivals in Denmark
1988 establishments in Denmark
Music festivals in Denmark


title: Mohammadreza Ghodratipour

text:
Mohammadreza Ghodratipour () is an Iranian football goalkeeper who plays for Saba Qom in the Iran Pro League.

Club career

Early years
He started his career with Iran Sport Isfahan when he was 8. After 4 years he joined Sepahan Academy. He is part of Sepahan Academy until 2012.

Foolad Yazd
He joined Foolad Yazd in summer 2012. He is also part of Foolad Yazd U21 however he failed to play a single match for Foolad Yazd first team.

Rah Ahan
After a season in Yazd, he joined Rah Ahan U21 and helped them to reach 4th place in the 2013–14 Tehran U21 League. After a successful season with Rah Ahan U21 he was promoted to first team by club coach Mansour Ebrahimzadeh. He was given #2 and made his debut in a 1–0 loss against Zob Ahan in the 2013–14 Iran Pro League final fixture.

Saba
He joined Saba Qom in summer 2014. He signed a three-year contract and was given the number 40.

Club career statistics

International career

U17
He is part of Iran U-17 from 2009 until 2011.

U20
He is part of Iran U-20 during 2011 & 2012.

U23
He invited to Iran U-23 training camp by Nelo Vingada.

References

External links
Mohammadreza Ghodratipour at PersianLeague.com
Mohammadreza Ghodratipour at IranLeague.ir
Mohammadreza Ghodratipour at Tehran Football Department

1994 births
Living people
Iranian men's footballers
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
Saba Qom F.C. players
Iran men's under-20 international footballers
Footballers from Isfahan
Men's association football goalkeepers