title: Afroartelida quentini

text:
Afroartelida quentini is a species of longhorn beetle in the family Cerambycidae found in Malawi. It was described by Vives in 2011.

It is part of the subfamily Dorcasominae and the tribe Apatophysini. It is described as a reddish-brown beetle and is covered by short gray-gold tomentum (hairs), which is particularly dense on the head and protonum of the insect. This tomentum is longer on the legs of the beetle, and shorter on the antennae and elytra. The antennae of the beetle are long and slender, extending far past the end of the elytra. Like most Cerambycids, A.quentini likely feeds on wood, as other species in the family are known tree-killers.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2011


title: Afroartelida teunisseni

text:
Afroartelida teunisseni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives and Adlbauer in 2005.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2005


title: Anthribola decorata

text:
Anthribola decorata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1879.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1879


title: Anthribola femorata

text:
Anthribola femorata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Waterhouse in 1882.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1882


title: Anthribola niviguttata

text:
Anthribola niviguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1902.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1902


title: Harlon Carter

text:
Harlon Bronson Carter (August 10, 1913 – November 19, 1991) was an American advocate for gun rights and a leader of the National Rifle Association. Carter's 1977 election as NRA Executive Vice President marked a turning point for the organization. During his tenure, from 1977 to 1985, he shifted the organization's focus from promoting marksmanship and sports shooting towards strident advocacy for less restrictive gun laws. Under Carter's leadership, the NRA became less compromising on gun rights issues. It also tripled its membership and gained considerable political influence.

When Carter was 17 years old, he shot and killed 15-year-old Ramón Casiano. Though Carter was convicted of Casiano's murder, this conviction was later overturned on a technicality, and the incident was not generally known during most of Carter's leadership of the NRA, but rose to greater prominence and infamy later.

Biography
Carter was born in Granbury, Texas, and his family subsequently lived in Laredo, Texas. On March 3, 1931, 17-year-old Carter shot and killed 15-year-old Ramón Casiano. Carter believed that Casiano had information about the theft of his family's car, and, carrying a shotgun, he pointed it at Casiano and demanded that he return to the Carter home to submit to questioning. When Casiano refused Carter fatally shot him.  No evidence tying Casiano with the car incident was ever found.  He was convicted of murder, but the conviction was overturned by the Texas Court of Appeals, which found that the judge in the case had issued incorrect jury instructions regarding laws related to self-defense.

Carter graduated from the University of Texas and from Emory University School of Law. In 1936, Carter began a career with the United States Border Patrol, where his father had also worked. Carter rose through the ranks and commanded the entire border patrol from 1950 through 1957 where he led Operation Wetback. From 1961 to 1970, Carter directed the Southwestern region of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. He retired from government service in 1970.

Carter first joined the National Board of the NRA in 1951, and served as the organization's president from 1965-1967. In 1975, Carter became director of the NRA's lobbying arm, the Institute for Legislative Action. During the 1960s and 1970s, NRA leaders debated the organization's mission. Many of the organization's leaders believed that the NRA should focus on its traditional mission of promoting marksmanship and shooting sports. Carter, on the other hand, led a faction that wanted to see the NRA focus on advocating against gun control legislation.

The NRA leadership was ambivalent about the Gun Control Act of 1968, the first gun control legislation since the 1930s. Franklin Orth, the group's Executive Vice President at the time of the act's passage, supported some parts of law, including limits on mail-order gun purchases and bans of Saturday night specials, inexpensive, often low-quality handguns, while opposing other provisions as "unduly restrictive and unjustified in their application to law-abiding citizens". In contrast, Carter believed that no gun control legislation could be acceptable. He wrote to the NRA membership: "We can win it on a simple concept – No compromise. No gun legislation." Carter opposed background checks for gun purchasers, saying that the acquisition of guns by violent criminals and the mentally ill is the "price we pay for freedom".

In 1976, the NRA leadership fired seventy-four employees, most of them supporters of Carter. Carter resigned in protest. However, in 1977, at the NRA's annual meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, Carter and other activists succeeded in changing the organization's bylaws and voting out much of the leadership. Carter replaced Maxwell Rich as Executive Vice President, responsible for the NRA's operations. In July of that year, he was featured prominently on the cover of The American Rifleman, the official magazine of the NRA. Carter remained in this position until 1985. Under Carter's leadership, the NRA's membership tripled to over three million. The organization's budget and political influence also increased.

In 1981, newspaper reporters learned that Carter had been convicted of murder related to the 1931 death of 15-year-old Ramón Casiano. Carter initially denied any knowledge of the incident but later acknowledged that he had been responsible for the shooting.

Carter died of lung cancer in 1991 at his home in Green Valley, Arizona.

In popular culture
The album American Band by the Drive-By Truckers features a song, "Ramon Casiano", about the shooting of Casiano, and Carter's subsequent career.

Notes

References

1913 births
1991 deaths
People from Granbury, Texas
American gun rights activists
Presidents of the National Rifle Association
United States Border Patrol agents
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Emory University School of Law alumni
Activists from Texas
People from Green Valley, Arizona
Overturned convictions in the United States


title: Anthribola quinquemaculata

text:
Anthribola quinquemaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Waterhouse in 1875.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1875


title: Milan Film Festival

text:
Milan Film Festival (MFF), also known as Milano Film Festival, is an annual film festival held since 1996 in Milan, Italy. It was founded as a competition of only local short films. It became an international film festival in 1998 when it also started to awards its participants. In 1999, it began to show feature films commenced, and in the following year they started to compete for the Best Film Award.

Best Film winners
2000: The Irish Barbecue, directed by Pete Parwich (Germany/Ireland)
2001: Fotograf, directed by Kazim Öz (Turkey)
2002: Children of Love, directed by Geoffrey Enthoven (Belgium), and Song of the Sork, directed by Jonathan Foo and Nguyen Phan Quang Binh
2003: Nothing Is Certain, It's All In The Imagination...According To Fellini, directed by Susan Gluth
2004: In the Battlefields, directed by Danielle Arbid (France/Belgium/Lebanon), and Here, directed by Zrinko Ogresta
2005: Kept and Dreamless, directed by Martín De Salvo and Vera Fogwill (Argentina/Spain/Netherlands)
2006: Marilena from P7, directed by Cristian Nemescu (Romania)
2007: Reprise, directed by Joachim Trier (Norway)
2008: Still Orangutans, directed by Gustavo Spolidoro (Brazil)
2009: Left Handed, directed by Laurence Thrush (Japan)
2010: On the Other Side of Life, directed by Stefanie Brockhaus and Andy Wolff (Germany)
2011: Italy: Love It, or Leave It, directed by Luca Ragazzi and Gustav Hofer (Italy/Germany)
2012: China Heavyweight, directed by Yung Chang (Canada/China)
2013: You and the Night, directed by Yann Gonzalez (France)

References

External links

Film festivals established in 1996
1996 establishments in Italy
Annual events in Milan
Festivals in Milan

Film festivals in Italy


title: Nu Sigma Nu

text:
Nu Sigma Nu () was an international professional fraternity for medicine, now existing as a handful of stable remaining chapters. It was founded on 2 March 1882 by five medical students at the University of Michigan, who identified as their immediate object "to further the best interests of our profession."  Later, its purpose was more fully stated as, "To promote scholarship, the development of better teaching, and generally in raising medical education to a higher level." As one of the earliest formed among all professional fraternities, Nu Sigma Nu was the first fraternal organization nationally to limit membership to medical students only. It can therefore claim that it was the first Medical Professional Fraternity.

History
The organization evolved quickly from its birth on 2 March 1882 under the leadership of five original members, all of the class of 1883, who, along with one other became the six recognized Founders of the Fraternity.  The six were:

The first five developed and signed the Constitution, and all six signed the original charter upon their initiation. Soon afterward, two professors were added to the membership rolls:  Donald McLean and George E. Frothingham. With these, and a fixed attention on professional achievement in its defined area of study, the fraternity had a relatively short period before contemplating a national expansion. The Grand Chapter of Nu Sigma Nu was formed in 1886. Its Beta chapter was formed in 1889 at the Detroit College of Medicine, and the fraternity added additional chapters during a vigorous period of growth from 1890 to 1933.

Nu Sigma Nu was the first of five national medical professional fraternities to form, and did so when the concept of a professional fraternity was far less common; it was a pioneer in establishment of the professional model.

Recent times
The fraternity became co-educational in 1972.

The national fraternity was dissolved in 1973, due to changing student interest and organizational turmoil. However, several well-established chapters survived and have flourished as semi-local institutions.  The remaining chapters occasionally communicate, but there is no continuation of national convention activity.

Chapters that aggressively maintained their ties with alumni and faculty for the benefit of student members, and who eyed long term viability, with alumni support, encouraged early growth of their building and scholarship funds. As early as 1901, Alpha chapter had accumulated enough capital to seek real estate investment, purchasing a suitable lot in Ann Arbor on Huron Street, near the medical school at that time. Historical records show Epsilon chapter at the University of Minnesota similarly sought to build early in its history, choosing a site at 429 Union Street, in Minneapolis, just two blocks from the medical school. Prior to this, Epsilon chapter rented space at the Masonic Temple at 6th and Hennepin in Minneapolis.

Prominent members
 William J. Mayo, one of the co-founders of the Mayo Clinic
 William E. Upjohn, founder of the Upjohn Pharmaceutical Company

Chapters

The Society had established 37 chapters by 1930, and 45 by circa 1953. Of that chapter roster, three remain active:

 Epsilon chapter, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis, MN
 Lambda chapter, University of Pennsylvania - Philadelphia, PA
 Rho chapter, Thomas Jefferson University (formerly Jefferson Medical College) - Philadelphia, PA

The Alpha chapter at the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI disbanded in 2008.  The address of the former house was: 1912 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 and housed 34 students.

Apparently, some of the dormant chapters nevertheless have maintained investment and/or scholarship funds. In 2011, the successors of the Beta Xi chapter at the University of Colorado announced their intent to contribute $650,000 for a "green roof" - an ecologically sensitive gathering place atop the Anschutz Health and Wellness Center at the new Anschutz Medical Campus at the University of Colorado. The chapter had expired in approximately 1973 at about the time the national was dissolved, though afterwards its alumni bought three houses which they leased to students for over a decade after the chapter's closure.

Nu Sigma Nu's few surviving chapters are stable and well-capitalized, with comfortable, and even impressive buildings in comparison with other professional fraternities. Chapter websites explain recent construction, remodeling and amenities designed to attract graduate students. The Epsilon and Lambda chapter buildings house 13, and 10 respectively, while the Rho chapter houses 12.

By the writing of the 1903 history there were already 2,093 members.  By circa 1954 Nu Sigma Nu had initiated over 30,000 members on 45 campuses.

Membership requirements
Varies by chapter. The Michigan chapter offered its facilities to house medical students and those in related fields. Other chapters appear to limit membership to only medical students.

Scholarships
The Alpha chapter previously offered funds to support an international residency to one student per year, paid for by a fund developed by the alumni of the chapter.

Publications
Several catalogs and histories were published by the Fraternity in its early years, including Nu Sigma Nu in 1903, and similarly titled versions in 1900, and other years. Some chapter had been diligent in publishing 'chapter bulletins' which included historical summaries, lists and commentary of national interest.

The disbanded national Fraternity has no website.  However, members and alumni correspond informally and may find contact information on individual chapter websites. Alpha chapter at Michigan may retain some of its archivist role: The national fraternity, at the 12th National Convention in March 1902, resolved to have the executive committee negotiate with Alpha chapter to serve as the archive keeper of the society, and set aside a room in their proposed new building specifically for this purpose.

Traditions
The 'fraternity yell' as adopted in 1903 was "Nu Sig Nu Sig Nu Sig Nu, Nu Sig Nu Sig Nu Sig Nu."

The flowers of the fraternity are the red and white carnation.

The crest is sometimes, but not always, versioned by chapter; Alpha chapter used an "Α" in the center, Epsilon chapter uses an "Ε" in the center, etc.

The official colors are Garnet, White and Yellow gold.

A number of songs are recorded in the 1903 history, pairing them with then-popular tunes to which the new words were written to fit. One of them, to the tune of Auld Lang Syne, is called ENYS GNAL DLUA:

Notes

Other professional medical fraternities
In addition to the medical fraternities listed here, there are numerous chiropractic, pre-health, pharmacy and nursing fraternities.
 Alpha Delta Theta, medical technology
 Alpha Gamma Kappa
 Alpha Kappa Kappa
 Alpha Phi Sigma, see Phi Delta Epsilon
 Alpha Tau Sigma, Osteopathic, dormant
 Mu Sigma Phi, Philippines
 Omega Tau Sigma, veterinary medicine
 Omega Upsilon Phi, see Phi Beta Pi
 Phi Alpha Gamma, formerly Homeopathic, see Phi Chi
 Phi Beta Pi
 Phi Chi
 Phi Delta Epsilon
 Phi Kappa Mu, Philippines
 Phi Lambda Kappa
 Phi Rho Sigma
 Sigma Mu Delta, pre-medical
 Theta Kappa Psi

References

External links
 Alpha chapter website, accessed 5 July 2014
 Epsilon chapter website, accessed 5 July 2014
 Lambda chapter Website, accessed 5 July 2014

Professional medical fraternities and sororities in the United States
Medical associations based in the United States
Student organizations established in 1882
Former members of Professional Fraternity Association
1882 establishments in Michigan


title: 2014 Little League World Series results

text:
The results of the 2014 Little League World Series was determined between August 14 and August 24, 2014 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. 16 teams were divided into two groups, one with eight teams from the United States and another with eight international teams, with both groups playing a modified double-elimination tournament. In each group, the last remaining undefeated team faced the last remaining team with one loss, with the winners of those games advancing to play for the Little League World Series championship.

On February 11, 2015, Jackie Robinson West had all of its tournament wins forfeited after it was found that the team used ineligible players from outside the Chicago area. Mountain Ridge Little League of Las Vegas, Nevada, was named the official U.S. champion.

Double-elimination stage

United States

Winner's bracket

Game 2: Illinois 12, Washington 2

Game 4: Nevada 12, South Dakota 2

Game 6: Pennsylvania 4, Tennessee 0

Game 8: Texas 6, Rhode Island 4

Game 14: Nevada 13, Illinois 2

Game 16: Pennsylvania 7, Texas 6

Game 24: Nevada 8, Pennsylvania 1

Loser's bracket

Game 10: Washington 7, South Dakota 5

Game 12: Rhode Island 8, Tennessee 7

Game 18: Texas 11, Washington 4

Game 20: Illinois 8, Rhode Island 7

Game 22: Illinois 6, Texas 1

Game 26: Illinois 6, Pennsylvania 5

International

Winner's bracket

Game 1: South Korea 10, Czech Republic 3

Game 3: Puerto Rico 16, Australia 3

Game 5: Mexico 4, Canada 3

Game 7: Japan 1, Venezuela 0

Game 13: South Korea 8, Puerto Rico 5

Game 15: Japan 9, Mexico 5

Game 23: South Korea 4, Japan 2

Loser's bracket

Game 9: Australia 10, Czech Republic 1

Game 11: Venezuela 10, Canada 0

Game 17: Mexico 6, Australia 2

Game 19: Venezuela 2, Puerto Rico 1

Game 21: Mexico 11, Venezuela 1

Game 25: Japan 12, Mexico 1

Crossover games

Game A: South Dakota 5, Czech Republic 3

Game B: Tennessee 12, Canada 9

Single-elimination stage

International Championship: South Korea 12, Japan 3

United States Championship: Nevada 5, Illinois 7

Consolation Game

World Championship Game

References

External links
Full schedule from littleleague.org

2014 Little League World Series


title: Mistral gagnant (song)

text:
"Mistral gagnant is the title song from French singer Renaud's 1985 album Mistral gagnant. In the song, Renaud sings to his young daughter Lolita Séchan about his own childhood and realizes that time flies as will fly away the laughs of his daughter as a child.

This broad theme plus the very simple music make this song one of the classics among Renaud's "tender" songs.

Background
A mistral gagnant was a kind of famous candy which involved a lottery. Some of the Mistral candies were "winning" (gagnant) and one could get another one for free. When Renaud was an adult, these candies were not on sale anymore.

Renaud says that he never intended to include the song on his album eventually called Mistral gagnant. He reasoned that the lyrics were just too personal and would not interest the general public. Calling his wife Dominique from the studio while recording his prospective album, he sang her parts of the song on the telephone. After his wife heard it, she loved the song and threatened him: "Si tu ne l'enregistres pas, je te quitte..." ("If you don't record this, I will leave you").

Track listing
Side A: "Mistral gagnant" (2:45)
Side B: "Le retour de la pépette" (3:51)

Covers
The song has been subject of many covers.

Lara Fabian covered it in her 2003 acoustic concerts at the Olympia in Paris. Her version appeared in En toute intimité album both the CD and DVD both recorded during her concerts on 2 and 3 February 2003.

Other famous covers include those of Yves Duteil, Amel Bent and Jean-Louis Aubert.

Live performances
There were also live performances by Vanessa Paradis & Maxime Le Forestier who sang it in a duet in the famous Les Enfoirés series. Their duo interpretation was one of the tracks selected for Les incontournables CD of Le meilleur des Enfoirés - 20 ans.

Jean-Louis Aubert sang it live as a duet with Carla Bruni, during the TV special Docteur Renaud, Mister Renard broadcast on France 2 on 29 March 2003.

The song has been a popular feature in television reality music contest. Contestant Ycare sang it on Nouvelle Star on M6 in 2008 and Camélia Jordana on the same program in 2009.

Cœur de pirate version

In the 2014 tribute album to Renaud songs called La Bande à Renaud, the singer Cœur de pirate interpreted the song. Her version reached number 13 on SNEP, the official French Singles Chart and was also a hit in Belgium.

Samplings
French rapper Booba used samplings of "Mistral gagnant" twice on his records in two different tracks.

In 2002, he used a sampling of the Renaud song on the track "Le bitume avec une plume" that appeared on his debut album Temps mort. The album made it to number 2 on the French Albums Chart.

He again used a sample of the song in his track "Pitbull", this time from his 2006 album Ouest Side. The album made it to number 1 on the French Albums Chart.

Charts
Cœur de pirate version

Renaud original

References

1985 songs
2014 singles
Cœur de pirate songs
French-language songs
Songs written by Renaud
Songs about childhood


title: South Asia Peace Initiatives

text:
South Asia Peace Initiative (SAPI) promotes peace and cooperation through leadership consultations and grassroots activities in South Asian nations is a civil society initiative. There had been already 17 series of SAPI conference organized in Nepal, India, and Afghanistan and this initiatives will further continue. Former Minister of the Ministry of Co-operatives and Poverty Alleviation (Nepal) of the Government of Nepal and Member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly Ek Nath Dhakal is a convener of South Asia Peace Initiative.

Activities
Nepal:
Reconciling political divisions, addressing conflicts, and cultivating the spirit of one family under God have been foremost programs in this Himalayan nation. A special focus has been high-level consultations as a new constitution is drafted and the state restructured. Grassroots activities such as service, education, and health care programs for youth along with various community development projects are on-going.

Afghanistan
Bringing together people from various sectors of society to discuss common values, build friendships, and help the less fortunate while working together for peace to a war-ravaged land. Programs are supported by Ambassadors for Peace from all levels of society.

Bangladesh: Promoting interreligious dialogue and strengthening marriage and family are on-going programs. Peacebuilding also means investing in the education and health of the next generation.

India:
As the world's largest democracy seeks to manage its new-found economic prosperity, leadership consultations promote interreligious cooperation and encourage good governance. In addition, young people are brought together from diverse backgrounds to build mutual understanding and to teach basic values that will ensure a bright future.

Pakistan: Young people are brought together from diverse backgrounds to build bridges of understanding and help local communities supported by leadership that embraces the values of both Pakistani and Indian cultures.

Sri Lanka: Overcoming religious prejudice among the youth while learning the value of living for others has been a hallmark of the projects of this island nation. This naturally leads to serving local communities, promoting good sportsmanship, and character education initiatives. Leadership consultations likewise promote principles of good governance.

History of South Asia Peace Initiatives

 SAPI -1: (22 July 2005), Lumbini, Nepal Innovative Approaches to Peace through Responsible Leadership and Good Governance
 SAPI-2: (12 November 2005), Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal South Asian Conflicts: The Non-Violent Option
 SAPI-3: (15 March 2006), Peace Embassy Building, Kathmandu, Nepal Regional Conflicts in South Asia: The Human Dimension
 SAPI -4: (26 June 2006) Hotel Radisson, Kathmandu, Nepal Human Rights and Human Responsibilities: In Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations
 SAPI – 5: (6 December 2006), Hotel Le Meridien, Gokarna, Kathmandu, Nepal In Support of the Peace Process: The Role of National and International Civil Society
 SAPI – 6: (1 December 2007), Peace Embassy Building, Kathmandu, Nepal Supporting the Peace Process at the Civil Society Level: National and International Perspective
 SAPI -7: (23 December 2008), Peace Embassy Building, Kathmandu, Nepal The Challenges of Governance for Sustainable Peace
 SAPI – 8: (20 May 2009), Hotel de l’Annapurna, Kathmandu, Nepal Rebuilding Trust and Reconciliation in the ongoing Peace Process
 SAPI – 9: (23 June 2009), Hotel Yak and Yeti, Kathmandu, Nepal Innovative Approaches to Unity and Peace in Asia
 SAPI – 10: (30 April 2011), Peace Embassy Building, Kathmandu, Nepal Promoting Human Security through Transformational Leadership: Common Challenge of South Asia
 SAPI – 11: (December 15, 2012), Safi Landmark Hotel, Kabul, Afghanistan Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Peace and Development
 SAPI-12: (January 24, 2013) Civil Services Officers Institute, New Delhi, India India's Perspective on Nepal's Peace Process
 SAPI-13: (April 14, 2013), Hotel Yak and Yeti, Kathmandu, Nepal Achieving Meaningful Democracy in South Asia: Challenges and Prospects
 SAPI-14 (August 7, 2013), Hotel Yak and Yeti, Kathmandu, Nepal) Realizing South Asian Dream : Democracy, Peace and Development.
 SAPI-15 (November 8, 2014), Hotel De'l Annapurna, Kathmandu, Nepal) Sustainable Peace in South Asia : New Strategies for A Better Tomorrow.
 SAPI -16 (February 20, 2015), The Malla Hotel, Kathmandu, Nepal) The Increasing Challenges from Extremism to Democracy: Issues and Responses.

 SAPI -17 (October 4, 2015), (The Ashoka Hotel, New Delhi, India )'Recent Developments in Nepal and India-Nepal Relations'.

References

International organizations based in Asia


title: Lunavada State

text:
Lunavada State, also known as Lunawada State, was a princely state in India during the time of the British Raj. Its last ruler acceded to the Union of India on 10 June 1948.

Lunavada State had an area of 1,005 km2 and fell under the Rewa Kantha Agency of the Bombay Presidency, later integrated into the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency. Its capital was located in Lunavada town in present-day Gujarat state, India.

History
According to tradition the predecessor state was established in 1225 by descendants of Sidhraj, Raja of Anhilwara Patan, as the state of Virpur. In 1434, Rana Bhimsinghji moved the capital to Lunavada on the other side of the Mahi river. Before the town was established, the area was controlled by the princely Sant State.

In 1826 Lunavada State became a British protectorate and was a second class state in the Rewa Kantha Agency. The capital was Lunavada town, said to have been founded in 1434. The 1901 census records that the population had a decrease of 28% in the previous decade, due to famine.

Col. HH Maharaja Sri Virbhadrasinhji Ranjitsinhji 1929/1986, born 8 June 1910 in Lunawada, invested with full ruling powers on 2 October 1930, Member of the Chamber of Princes, married Manher Kunwari [HH Maharani Kusum Kunwari of Lunawada], daughter of Capt. HH Maharana Raj Saheb Shri Sir Amarsinhji Banesinhji (Gangubha) of Wankaner, and had issue. He died in 1986.

Rulers
The rulers had the title 'Rana' and were accorded a status of 9-gun salute by the British authorities.

Ranas
 1674 - 1711                Bir Singh                          (d. 1711)
 1711 - 1735                Nar Singh                          (d. 1735)
 1735 - 1757                Wakhat Singh                       (d. 1757)
 1757 - 1782                Dip Singh                          (d. 1782)
 1782 - 1786                Durjan Singh                       (d. 1786)
 1786                       Jagat Singh
 1786 - 1818                Partab Singh
 1818 - 1849                Fateh Singh                        (d. 1849)
 1849 - 1851                Dalpat Singh                       (d. 1851)
 1851 - 1852                interregnum
 1852 - Jun 1867            Dalil Singh                        (d. 1867)
 31 Oct 1867 – 27 Apr 1929  Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh           (b. 1860 - d. 1929) (from 25 May 1889, Sir Wakhat Singh Dalil Singh)
 27 Apr 1929 – 15 Aug 1947  Virbhadra Singh Ranjit Singh       (b. 1910 - d. 1986)

See also
 Koli rebellions
 List of Koli people
 List of Koli states and clans
 List of Rajput dynasties
 Political integration of India

References

External links
Heraldry of the princely states of Gujarat

Princely states of India
History of Gujarat
Mahisagar district
Rajputs
Princely states of Gujarat
15th-century establishments in India
1434 establishments in Asia
1948 disestablishments in India
Gun salute princely states


title: The Zoist

text:
The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare was a British journal, devoted to the promotion of the theories and practices (and the collection and dissemination of reports of the applications) of the pseudoscientific concepts of mesmerism and phrenology, and the enterprise of "connecting and harmonizing practical science with little understood laws governing the mental structure of man". The name derived from the Greek word Zoe (ζωή) meaning "life". The Zoist was published quarterly, without a break, for fifteen years: from March 1843 until January 1856.

Edited by John Elliotson, the founder, and former president of the London Phrenological Society, who had been expelled from the University College Hospital in 1838 for his mesmeric practices, and William Collins Engledue, a former President of the British Phrenological Association, who was ostracized by both his medical colleagues for his dedication to mesmerism and phrenology, and by the majority of phrenologists for his rejection of their "socio-religious", spiritual position,<ref>Such as that maintained by William Scott, President of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society, in his The Harmony of Phrenology with Scripture: Shewn in a Refutation of the Philosophical Errors contained in Mr Combe's "Constitution of Man" (1837); and by Mrs John Pugh (S.D. Pugh) in her Phrenology considered in a religious light; or, Thoughts and readings consequent on the perusal of [G.] 'Combe's Constitution of man'. Phrenology Considered in a Religious Light; or, Thoughts and Readings Consequent on the Perusal of "Combe's Constitution of Man" (1846)], etc.</ref> in favour of a scientific, materialist, brain-centred position that, in effect, reduced mental operations to physical forces.

"The Zoist was a materialist journal; it repudiated metaphysics and argued that everything—including human thinking—could be explained through the laws of the physical universe ..."

The journalThe Zoist's first edition was published in January 1843. It was published quarterly, without a break, for fifteen years from March 1843 until January 1856, and each quarterly issue cost 2s.6d.

It was also published in annual volumes; and the first twelve annual volumes were published simultaneously by Hippolyte Ballière, in London, J.B. Ballière, in Paris, and T.O. Weigel, in Leipzig; the thirteenth and last volume was published by Arthur Hall, Virtue, and Co., in London.

Similar publications
Aside from the already established journal, The Phrenological Journal and Miscellany, which ran from 1823 to 1847, and The Phrenological Almanac, which ran from 1842 to 1845, published by the Glasgow Phrenological Society, there was Spencer T. Hall's The Phreno-Magnet and Mirror of Nature: A Record of Facts, Experiments, and Discoveries in Phrenology, Magnetism, &c., which lasted for eleven monthly issues (from February 1843 to December 1843), the short-lived Mesmerist: A Journal of Vital Magnetism, which only lasted for twenty weekly issues (from 13 May 1843 to 23 September 1843), The Annals of Mesmerism and Mesmero-Phrenology, which lasted for three monthly issues (from July 1843 to September 1843), and The People's Phrenological Journal and Compendium of Mental and Moral Science, published weekly, by the Exeter and London Phrenological Societies, for two years (1843 to 1844).

Then, to add to the mix, James Braid's definitive work on hypnotism, Neurypnology or The Rationale of Nervous Sleep, Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism, Illustrated by Numerous Cases of its Successful Application in the Relief and Cure of Disease was released in July 1843.

Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism
The choice of the "Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism" sub-title for their journal—rather than, that is, "Animal Magnetism & Phrenology"—is a measure of the pragmatic, materialist, "leading edge" proto-scientific orientation of both Elliotson and Engledue.

Their deliberately chosen term "cerebral physiology" (coined by Engledue) was entirely consistent with the original anatomy-centred term of "cranioscopy" (German, ) chosen by the German neuroanatomist Franz Joseph Gall; and it was intentionally applied—rather than the (then) prevailing English, metaphysical, mind-centred term, "phrenology" coined by Thomas Forster (see Forster (1815) – to distinguish their own rational, sceptical, proto-scientific efforts in pursuit of a scientific understanding of (what would be termed, today) "brain science", from the superstitious "phrenology" (which was eventually universally dismissed as a flawed pseudoscience).

Similarly, their choice of term "mesmerism" was intentionally applied to indicate that, whilst they were deeply committed to a scientific ratification, and neurophysiological investigation of the phenomena supposedly produced by mesmeric methods, their interest was almost exclusively in the consequences of the applications of the practices of Franz Mesmer, rather than paying any particular attention to the wide range of metaphysical theories of the "animal magnetists".

Scope
Apart from providing literature reviews and announcements of new publications, The Zoist was a source of information, disciplinary interaction, original accounts of phenomena, relevant case studies of its application to wide range of conditions, ranging from epilepsy, stammering, and headache, to torticollis, asthma, and rheumatism, and extensive reports of pertinent innovations and discoveries.

Elliotson was an opponent of capital punishment, and argued, within the Zoist, based upon his phrenological analysis of the heads of executed murderers, that not only was phrenology true, but also that, from this, capital punishment was futile as a deterrent.

According to Gauld (1992, pp. 219–243), apart from its concentration on mesmerism and phrenology, The Zoist was one of the principal sources for information, discussion, and education in the following domains of interest:
(1) Mesmeric Analgesia: although The Zoist would become the major vehicle for the (post-1846) reports of James Esdaile's work in India, it completely ignored the extensive (early 1842) work reported by Braid in his Neurypnology (1843, p. 253). Elliotson had already published his Numerous Cases of Surgical Operations without Pain in early 1843.
(2) Phreno-mesmerism (a.k.a. phreno-magnetism)In his extended discussion of phrenology, in Chapter 6, of his Neurypnology (1843, pp. 79–149), James Braid clearly states (p. 105) that he began his investigations of phreno-mesmerism—which he deals with at pp. 105–149in April 1842 (just six weeks before Neurypnology was sent to the printer); and, it also extremely clear that, as a result of the researches and experiments undertaken over an extended period of time, Braid became convinced that there was no justification in the claims of the phreno-mesmerists (see Braid, !844). and hemicerebral mesmerism (the mesmerization of each hemisphere of the brain separately).
(3) "Reichenbach phenomena" and other matters.
(4) Electro-biology and related matters.
(5) Alleged instances of extra-sensory perception (ESP) occurring in a mesmeric context.

Influence
Unlike France, where the conflict between the conventional medical establishment and the advocates of mesmerism took place in the public/political arena, the British debate between the conventional medical establishment and the scientific advocates of mesmerism, such as Elliotson and Engledue, took place mainly in the medical literature on the one hand (such as Wakley's Lancet), and The Zoist on the other.

Given Wakley's implacable opposition to Elliotson, it is not surprising that, from time to time, "The Lancet continued to fulminate against the mesmerists" maintaining that "all those connected with The Zoist were 'lepers', and doctors who practised mesmerism, traitors...".

Stress on the power of the imagination
A constant aspect of The Zoist's approach was its stress on the power of the imagination. In January 1855, in an article summarizing the Zoist's extensive coverage of the issue over more than a decade, Elliotson wrote of how, "in mesmeric states the effect of imagination is far greater than in the ordinary state, and we suspect that in persons not in the mesmeric state, but who have been formerly mesmerised, the power is far greater than in those who have never been mesmerised".

Contributions
Apart from Elliotson, Engledue, and an otherwise (at the time) unidentified constant contributor, operating under the nom de guerre of "L.E.G.E.", and apart from its exhaustive reports of the clinical and social applications of mesmerism and phrenology, and pain-free medical and dental surgery, and progress reports from the London mesmeric Infirmary, The Zoist featured an exceptionally wide range of items contributed by a wide range of contributors (many of whom remained anonymous) from Britain, the colonies, and the United States. For example:
 Three phrenological articles by Herbert Spencer: "A New View of the Functions of Imitation and Benevolence", "On the Situation of the Organ of Amativeness", and "A Theory concerning the Organ of Wonder".
 A poem written by Miss Anna Savage, reprinted from her recently released collection, Angel Visits (1845): "The Magnetic Sleeper".
 The publication of a previously unpublished paper, written by Thomas Symes Prideaux, esq. of Southampton in June 1839, which advocated using phrenology to select members of parliament (originally written for a "best essay" competition conducted in 1839 by the Phrenological Journal): "On the Application of Phrenology in the Choice of Parliamentary Representatives".Prideaux appended the following note to the publication: "It must be remembered that this was written nearly seven years ago. Phrenology since this period has made rapid strides towards being regarded as an accepted science. A phrenological chair has lately been instituted in one of our universities. The subject has been popularized by the allusions of writers of fiction and others, and an expression of disbelief in the science would not be considered a mark of ignorance by most persons having any pretension to keep pace with the knowledge of the day." (p. 416)
 Another poem from Miss Anna Savage, "suggested by the reply of a slave, who, on being asked to describe his feelings in the mesmeric state, answered, 'As I never felt before—free'.": "Verses by Miss Savage".
 A letter from Harriet Martineau describing her mesmeric treatment of a cow: "Mesmeric Cure of a Cow".
 A second letter from Harriet Martineau describing the angry visit of the veterinarian who had previously tried, in vain, to treat her dangerously ill cow (which was now quite well), on his hearing the news of its recovery: "Distressing effects in a Doctor upon the removal of a Disease from a Cow with Mesmerism".
 A contribution by Lieutenant Richard F. Burton, of Bombay: "Remarks upon a form of Sub-mesmerism, popularly called Electro-Biology, now practised in Scinde and other Eastern Countries".
 A communication from William John Tubbs, L.S.A. (London), M.R.C.S. (England), surgeon and mesmerist, of Upwell, Cambridgeshire to the effect that the son of John Tuck, labourer of Norfolk, and Elizabeth Tuck (née Rollins) had been christened "Mesmer":

 In response to a query from "A Patient", the editors of The Zoist, whilst assuring the enquirer that "we feel as much as he does the difficulty of procuring good mesmerisers", proceeded to set down a set of positive and negative selection criteria: "Choice of a Mesmeriser".
 Yet another poem, this time from Mrs Maria Abdy, widow of the late Rev. John Channing Abdy, M.A., of St. John's, Southwark: "The Mesmerist".

The end of The Zoist
In a parting address to their journal's readers and subscribers written on 31 December 1855, the editors of The Zoist reminded their readers that they had sought "neither pecuniary gain nor worldly reputation", and had willingly undertaken the enterprise despite the fact that "loss was nearly certain", and that "contempt, ridicule, virulent abuse, and serious injury, were all inevitable".

Yet, they assured their readers, "the object for which The Zoist was undertaken"—namely, "the establishment of truths, splendid, exquisite, extensive in their bearings, and of the highest importance to the moral and corporeal well-being of mankind"—had been attained; and that it was their hope that it would "be regarded as a complete work which has come out in fifty-two numbers", and be recognized as "a rich store", and would be used as "a solid work of reference for years to come": see Gallery.

Footnotes

References

 Braid, J., "Experimental Inquiry, to Determine whether Hypnotic and Mesmeric Manifestations can be Adduced in Proof of Phrenology", The Medical Times, Vol. 11, No. 271, (30 November 1844), pp. 181–182.
 Braid, J., Neurypnology or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism Illustrated by Numerous Cases of its Successful Application in the Relief and Cure of Disease, John Churchill, (London), 1843.N.B. Braid's Errata, detailing a number of important corrections that need to be made to the foregoing text, is on the un-numbered page following p. 265.
 Carpenter, W.B., Principles of Mental Physiology: With their Chief Applications to the Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine (Fifth Edition), John Churchill, (London), 1855.
 Carpenter, W.B., "On the Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and directing Muscular Movement, independently of Volition", Royal Institution of Great Britain, (Proceedings), 1852, (12 March 1852), pp. 147–153.
 Clarke, J.F., "A Strange Chapter in the History of Medicine", pp. 155–169 in [1874], Clarke, J.F., Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Profession, J. & A. Churchill, (London,), 1874.
 Collyer, R.H., Psychography, or, The Embodiment of Thought: With an Analysis of Phreno-magnetism, "Neurology", and Mental Hallucination, Including Rules to Govern and Produce the Magnetic State, Zeiber & Co., (Philadelphia), 1843.
 Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c. 1825–1845, Part I: Converts to a Doctrine", Medical History, Vol. 20, No. 1, (January 1976), pp. 1–21. doi:10.1017/S0025727300021761
 Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c. 1825–1845, Part II: Doctrine and Practice", Medical History, Vol. 20, No. 2, (April 1976), pp. 135–151. doi:10.1017/S0025727300022195
 Cooter, R.J., The Cultural Meaning of Popular Science: Phrenology and the Organization of Consent in Nineteenth-Century Britain, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1984.
 Darnton, R., Mesmerism, and the End of the Enlightenment in France, Harvard University Press, (Cambridge), 1968.
 Elliotson, J., The Harveian Oration, Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians, London 1846, by John Elliotson, M.D. Cantab. F.R.S., Fellow of the College, With an English Version and Notes, (1846).
 Elliotson, J., "The Use of the Sulphate of Copper in Chronic Diarrhoea, to which are added some Observations on the use of Acupuncture in Rheumatism", Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, Vol. 13, Part 2, (1827), pp. 451–468.
 Forster, T., "Observations on a New System of Phrenology, or the Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain, of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim", Philosophical Magazine and Journal, Vol. 45, No. 201, (January 1815), pp. 44–50.
 Gauld, A., A History of Hypnotism, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1992
 Inglis, B., Natural and Supernatural: A History of the Paranormal (Revised Edition), Prism Press, (Bridport), 1992.
 Kurshan, I., "Mind Reading: Literature in the Discourse of Early Victorian Phrenology and Mesmerism", pp. 17–38 in Willis, M. and Wynne, C. (eds), Victorian Literary Mesmerism, Rodopi, (Amsterdam), 2006.
 "Mesmeric Amputation", Medico-Chirurgical Review, and Journal of Practical Medicine, No. 75, (1 January 1843), pp. 280–282.
 Moore, W., The Mesmerist: The Society Doctor Who Held Victorian London Spellbound, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (London), 2017.
 Rosen, G., "Mesmerism and Surgery: A Strange Chapter in the History of Anesthesia", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 4, (October 1946), pp. 527–550. doi:10.1093/jhmas/1.4.527
 Ruth, J., "'Gross Humbug' or 'The Language of Truth'? The Case of the Zoist", Victorian Periodicals Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, (Winter 1999), pp. 299–323.
 Stephen, L., "Combe, George (1788–1858)", pp. 427–429 in Stephen, L. (ed), Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. XI: Clater-Condell, Smith, Elder, & Co., (London), 1887.
 Topham, W. & Ward, W.S., Account of a Case of Successful Amputation of the Thigh, During the Mesmeric State, Without the Knowledge of the Patient. Read to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London on Tuesday 22nd November, 1842, H. Baillière, (London), 1842.
 University of Edinburgh, List of the Graduates in Medicine in the University of Edinburgh from MDCCV to MDCCCLXVI, Neill & Company, (Edinburgh), 1867.
 Winter, A., Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain, The University of Chicago Press, (Chicago), 1998.

External links

 Student Record for John Elliotson – University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research Collections, Individual Records, Students of Medicine (1762–1826)
 Elliotson's (1810) M.D. graduation record: "Jo. Elliotson, Anglus. De inflammation" ("John Elliotson, England. [Title of inaugural dissertation]: Inflammation") – University of Edinburgh (1867), p. 42.
 Elliotson's entry in the first edition of the British Medical Directory (1853) – The Lancet (1853)
 Elliotson's (greatly diminished in size) entry in the second edition of the British Medical Directory (1854) – The Lancet (1854)
 Elliotson's entry in the first edition of The Medical Register  (1860)The General Medical Council (1859): This entry verifies that Elliotson was registered (as of 1 January 1859, the first day of the registration system) as a practitioner under the Medical Act 1858 (an Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery), which took effect on 1 October 1858: the Act's official date of commencement.
 Engledue's (1835) M.D. graduation record: "Gulielmus C. Engledue, Anglus. What evidence do we have that the External Senses can be transferred to other parts of the body, as is said to occur in Somnambulism?" ("William C. Engledue, England") – University of Edinburgh (1867), p. 103: From 1834 onwards, English titles of inaugural M.D. dissertations were permitted.
 Engledue's entry in the first edition of the British Medical Directory (1853)The Lancet (1853)
 Engledue's entry in the second edition of the British Medical Directory (1854).The Lancet (1854)
 Doctor W. C. Engledue, Chairman at the Banquet Held in September 1856 to Welcome Home Other Ranks from the Crimea, Proposing the Royal Toast: an 1856 painting by Portsmouth artist and photographer Richard Poate (1811–1878) – in the Collection of the Portsmouth City Museum
 The banquet was held on Tuesday, 16 September 1856: see The Spectator, Vol. 29, No. 1473, (Saturday, 20 September 1856), p. 991; and "Crimean Banquet at Portsmouth", The Times'', No. 22475, (Wednesday, 17 September 1856), p. 9, col. B.

1843 establishments in the United Kingdom
Alternative and traditional medicine journals
English-language journals
Publications established in 1843
Quarterly journals
Phrenology
Neuroscience journals
History of neuroscience
History of mental health in the United Kingdom
Fringe science journals
Physiology journals
Hypnosis
Publications disestablished in 1856
Defunct journals of the United Kingdom
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies


title: July 2014 Kenya attacks

text:
On the night of 5–6 July 2014, heavily armed men attacked the Kenyan villages of Hindi in Lamu County and Gamba in Tana River County.  At least 29 people were killed in the attacks.

Attacks
About 11pm local time on 5 July 2014, about 12 men opened fire in a trading centre of Hindi, Lamu County. The attackers also burned Government buildings and a church. They targeted men, tying their victims up before shooting them in the head or slashing their throats with a knife. The attackers said the attack was revenge for the theft of Muslim lands. According to the Interior Ministry nine people were killed in the attack. Most of the victims were ethnic Kikuyus.

A separate attack in Gamba in Tana River County occurred about the same time. Dozens of militants broke into a police station and attempted to free suspects held in connection with Al-Shabaab claimed attacks from mid June.  After what police Deputy General Grace Kaindi described as a "fierce shoot-out", it was unclear how many, if any, prisoners had escaped. Twenty people died in the attack.

Perpetrators
The militant group Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility through spokesperson Sheikh Abdiasis Abu Musab. The group was originally based in Somalia, but has expanded its scope into a regional force in recent years, with Kenya being the most frequent target outside Somalia.  The group has a "sophisticated propaganda machine" with websites and radio broadcasts in the Kiswahili language. Kenya has sent troops into Somalia as part of an African Union force to battle Al-Shabaab, in an operation known as Operation Linda Nchi.

The Kenyan Deputy President William Ruto claimed the attack was the work of political rivals. "We want to tell our friends they cannot blackmail us using criminal elements in our country," he said. "You want to make the country ungovernable so you can get into office through the back door, that will not happen in Kenya." Kaindi said a blackboard left at the scene of the attack could indicate that the separatist Mombasa Republic Movement (MRC) was responsible. MRC denied any role in the attack, saying the government was using them as a scapegoat. Political tension in Kenya is high, and opposition leader Raila Odinga has used recent attacks as a chance to criticise the government.

Independent security experts said it was unclear who had perpetrated the attacks of 5 July, as well as the earlier mid-June attacks. Whatever the cause(s), the violence severely damaged Kenya's tourism industry on which it relies heavily.

References

Attacks in Africa in 2014
Mass murder in 2014
Al-Shabaab (militant group) attacks
Lamu Archipelago
Terrorist incidents in Kenya
Terrorist incidents in Kenya in 2014
Mass shootings in Africa
Massacres of men
Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks
Islamic terrorism in Kenya
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014
2014 murders in Kenya
Violence against men in Africa


title: Catholic Schools Board Limited

text:
Catholic Schools Board Limited is a private company, originally established by the Archdiocese of Wellington. It was established when Wellington Catholic schools began integrating into the state system. The Catholic Schools Board Limited manages school property and attendance dues. Attendance dues are a legal obligation of enrolment in Catholic schools and are not a donation or tax deductible. The Palmerston North Diocese schools are now also managed by Catholic Schools Board Limited.

The Catholic Religious Order or Diocese who own each school add to funding received by the Catholic Schools Board Limited.

References

Education in the Wellington Region


title: Methode Electronics

text:
Methode Electronics (NYSE: MEI ) is an American multinational company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with engineering, manufacturing and sales operations in more than 35 locations in 14 countries. The company employs around 4,566 people worldwide.

References

Electronics manufacturing
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1946 establishments in the United States
Electrical connectors


title: Eleocharis bifida

text:
Eleocharis bifida is a species of spikesedge known by the common name glade spikerush. It is native to the Eastern United States, where it is endemic to the Interior Low Plateau and very small part of the Ridge and Valley ecoregions. This is mostly in Kentucky and Tennessee, extending into southern Indiana, northern Alabama, and northwestern Georgia. It is found only in wet areas in cedar glades, such as pools and streamsides. This narrow habitat requirement is the reason for it being considered vulnerable.

Eleocharis bifida was described to science in 2001, being separated from the similar Eleocharis compressa. Eleocharis bifida can be recognized by having wider stems and all floral scales bifid (2-lobed).

References

bifida
Flora of the Eastern United States
Freshwater plants
Plants described in 2001


title: List of Agusan Catholic Education Association Schools

text:
The Agusan Catholic Education Association (ACEA) is an association of Catholic schools and colleges under or may be run by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Butuan.

The current Diocesan School Board is the bishop of the Diocese of Butuan, Msgr. Juan de Dios M. Pueblos, DD and the Director of ACEA is Msgr. Bienvenido A. Betaizar, PC.

List of ACEA institutions

Agusan del Norte
 Father Saturnino Urios University
 Father Urios Institute of Technology - Ampayon, Butuan
 Sacred Heart School of Butuan - Butuan
 Sto. Niño Kindergarten - Libertad, Butuan
 Carmen Academy - Carmen, Agusan del Norte
 Saint Michael College of Caraga - Nasipit, Agusan del Norte
 Saint James High School - Buenavista, Agusan del Norte
 San Isidro Learning Center - Remedios T. Romualdez, Agusan del Norte
 Candelaria Institute - Cabadbaran
 Father Urios Academy of Magallanes, Inc. - Magallanes, Agusan del Norte
 Immaculate Heart of Mary Academy - Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte

Agusan del Sur
 Father Saturnino Urios College of Sibagat - Sibagat, Agusan del Sur
 Father Saturnino Urios College of Bayugan - Bayugan
 Father Urios High School - Properidad, Agusan del Sur
 Mt. Carmel College of San Francisco - San Francisco, Agusan del Sur
 Mt. Carmel High School - Rosario, Agusan del Sur
 Urios College of Trento - Trento, Agusan del Sur

Education in Agusan del Norte
Education in Agusan del Sur
Education in Butuan


title: First Battle of Tikrit

text:
The First Battle of Tikrit was a battle for the Iraqi city of Tikrit following the city's capture by the Islamic State and Ba'athist Loyalists during the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive. The battle took place between 26 and 30 June 2014.

In early June 2014, ISIL took control of a number of cities in northern Iraq, including Tikrit. Tikrit has symbolic significance as the hometown of Saddam Hussein, and is also the administrative center of the Saladin Governorate.  The Iraqi government responded on 26 June by launching an air assault operation to recapture the city.  This initial attack was reinforced by a ground assault on 28 June.  Fighting continued on 29 and 30 June, but the battle was an insurgent victory, with government forces retreating on 30 June. The defeat coincided with ISIL's declaration of a worldwide caliphate on 29 June.

The Iraqi government made another attempt to retake the city on 15 July, but was again defeated. ISIL responded by attacking nearby Camp Speicher on 17 July. Tikrit remained under ISIL control until the Second Battle of Tikrit in March and April 2015.

Background

In December 2013, clashes involving tribal militias, Iraqi security forces, and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) broke out throughout western Iraq. Then, in January 2014, ISIL militants successfully took control of Fallujah and Ramadi, bringing much of Al Anbar Governorate under their control.

In early June, insurgents began advancing into the central and northern parts of Iraq. On 10 June, Mosul fell to ISIL, a devastating defeat given that there were 30,000 Iraqi troops in the city facing approximately 1,500 ISIL fighters. Most of the Iraqi Army soldiers refused to fight and fled.

On 11 June, ISIL captured Tikrit. The following day, they killed over a thousand Iraqi Air Force cadets at Camp Speicher, 8 miles northwest of Tikrit.

The battle

First government assault
On 26 June, Iraqi government forces launched an airborne assault on Tikrit with three or four commando helicopters flown into a stadium at the University of Tikrit. One of the helicopters was shot down and crash-landed at the stadium, while another had to conduct an emergency landing after suffering a mechanical failure. The crew of the second helicopter, which included a Lebanese pilot, was then captured by insurgents. Fierce fighting then ensued around the university compound, while army snipers positioned themselves on tall buildings in the university complex. In the early hours of the assault, a helicopter gunship struck the city's hospital compound. By the next day, sporadic clashes continued at the university as Iranian-trained Shiite militiamen were dispatched and managed to seize control of tall buildings in the university area.

On 28 June, helicopter gunships conducted dawn air strikes against insurgents who were attacking troops at the university campus. By this point, the city had been coming under continuous air strikes for three days, which included barrel bombs. An all-out ground offensive was launched during the day in an attempt to capture the city. A column of troops started out from Samarra towards Tikrit to the north and by sundown had reached the edge of the city. According to Lieutenant General Ahmed Abu Ragheef, another column was directed towards the Camp Speicher air base. There were initial claims by government sources of capturing Tikrit, but in fact Tikrit itself remained under insurgent control as heavy fighting continued to rage on the city outskirts during the night. In the evening, helicopters struck a gathering of people preparing for a wedding ceremony in the village of Al Bu Hayazi, east of Tikrit, killing four civilians.

The next day, troops pulled back away from Tikrit to the nearby town of Dijla, south of the city, in an attempt to regroup after meeting stiff resistance. Fighting also continued near the university and around the air base, which had reportedly come under army control. During the day's battles, another Iraqi army helicopter was shot down over the city and crashed near a market, while the army sent tanks to join the fighting at the university. An Iraqi army spokesman claimed 70 militants had been killed in Tikrit in the previous 24 hours and that the government forces were in control of the university. Neither of the claims were independently confirmed. Later, fierce clashes were reported in an area about 20 kilometers from the city center, toward Samarra. Militants reportedly made an advance but were stopped about 10 kilometers south of Tikrit. That same day, ISIL declared itself a worldwide caliphate.

On 30 June, government forces attempted to move out of the air base and link up with troops at the university but failed after encountering heavy insurgent resistance in the al-Deum area. A military spokesman said that government forces were massing in Samarra and would soon make another push to capture Tikrit. Meanwhile, south of Tikrit, the army managed to recapture the town of Mukayshifah in fighting that an army spokesman claimed killed 40 ISIL fighters.

Second government assault

On 3 July, an Iraqi Army spokesman claimed the military had regained control of the town of Al-Awja, Saddam Hussein's birthplace, near Tikrit. However, later in the day, two battlefield commanders contradicted him and stated fighting was still continuing on the town's perimeter and in Al-Awja itself.

During this time, troops retreated from the university complex.

On 15 July, the military launched a new assault on Tikrit from Al-Awja. Soldiers and militiamen quickly entered the city, as militants were reportedly retreating, and seized the city's hospital. Following this, the Iraqi government was preparing to declare victory in the battle for the city. However, ISIL militants sprung an ambush, with suicide bombers reportedly leaping from windows into groups of soldiers. Government troops retreated from the city before sunset four kilometers to the south under constant mortar and sniper fire. Several security force vehicles were seen abandoned, with at least one of them burnt out. 52 soldiers and 40 militants were killed in the fighting.

ISIL attack on Camp Speicher

On 17 July, insurgents launched an assault on Camp Speicher, where an estimated 700 government soldiers and 150 Iranian or Iraqi Shiite militiamen were besieged following the failed attempt to send reinforcements to the air base. The assault included snipers and suicide bombers and the militants quickly managed to reach the runway, at which point Iraqi special forces joined the battle. The base was bombarded and mortared all night. By the next morning, according to various sources, the final pocket of government troops had collapsed, with all of the government forces either killed, executed or captured. At least 25–35 insurgents were also killed. Iraqi forces attempted to save the base's aircraft by flying them out, but according to ISIL 8–9 helicopters were destroyed on the ground or shot down, with several armored vehicles destroyed as well. The Iraqi Army denied the alleged capture of the base with soldiers from the front line reporting that Speicher was still under their control, with only three soldiers being killed, one helicopter destroyed and two damaged. A Tikrit resident also reported continued fighting around the base. Two days later, the military reported that Iraqi special forces had re-secured the base.

Though the United States participated in the battle on the Iraqi side, The Washington Post wrote that some Iranian groups accused the coalition of bombarding a pro-government headquarters in the city. In response, the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement denying the allegations.

See also

 2012–14 Iraqi protests
 Fall of Mosul
 Fall of Hīt
 Battle of Baiji (2014–15)
 Battle of Ramadi (2014–15)
 Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015)
 Spillover of the Syrian Civil War

References

External links
Iraq updates – Institute for the Study of War

Conflicts in 2014
First Battle
Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014
Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States
June 2014 events in Iraq
Battles in 2014


title: Beaufort Street Festival

text:
The Beaufort Street Festival was an annual community street festival in Perth, Western Australia that took place each November along Beaufort Street and other nearby streets. The event ran five times from 2010 to 2015. It ran through the suburbs of Highgate and Mount Lawley.

The event consisted of various music, family, food, fashion and art programs. In 2014, over 150,000 people attended the festival, making it one of Perth's largest street festivals at that time.

In 2016 the Beaufort Street Network community group who organised the event announced the festival would "take a break" given concerns around the growing numbers of people attending the event.

References

Festivals in Perth, Western Australia
Beaufort Street, Perth


title: Sleeping Beauty (Sun Ra album)

text:
Sleeping Beauty is an album by jazz composer, bandleader and keyboardist Sun Ra and his Intergalactic Myth Science Solar Arkestra recorded in 1979 and originally released on Ra's Saturn label and rereleased on CD on Art Yard in 2008.

Reception
The Allmusic review by Sean Westergaard awarded the album 4½ stars stating "This is the great late-night Sun Ra chillout album you never knew about. The band had been working in a more groove-oriented setting off and on for over a year, as evidenced by the albums Lanquidity and On Jupiter, with both featuring prominent electric bass and electric guitar".

Track listing
All compositions by Sun Ra
 "Springtime Again" – 9:12
 "Door of the Cosmos" – 8:53
 "Sleeping Beauty" – 11:48

Personnel
Sun Ra – piano, electric piano, organ
Michael Ray  – trumpet, flugelhorn
Walter Miller – trumpet
Tony Bethel, Craig Harris – trombone
Vincent Chancey – French horn
Marshall Allen – alto saxophone, flute
John Gilmore – tenor saxophone, percussion
Danny Ray Thompson – baritone saxophone, flute
Eloe Omoe – bass clarinet, flute
James Jacson – bassoon, flute, percussion
Disco Kid – electric guitar
Richard Williams – electric bass
Harry Wilson – vibraphone
Atakatune – percussion
Luqman Ali – drums
June Tyson and the band – vocals

References

Sun Ra albums
El Saturn Records albums
1979 albums


title: Odisha women's football team

text:
The Odisha women's football team () is an Indian women's football team representing the state of Odisha, India. The Football Association of Odisha, a state association of All India Football Federation, manages the team. The team competes as a member of the All India Football Federation, in the Senior Women's National Football Championship, the topmost women's knock-out league of Indian football.

Stadium

Established in 1978, the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar, serves as the home ground of Odisha. The 15,000-capacity stadium has hosted several national and international tournaments including the I-League, Super Cup, and 2019 Gold Cup. It is scheduled to host the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. The stadium is also the home base for the national and youth team camps. Indian Arrows, AIFF's developmental side, is also based at the Kalinga Stadium.

Personnel

Players

Current squad
 The following 22 players were called up for the 2022–23 Senior Women's National Football Championship.

Results and fixtures

2021

2022

2023

Management

Board of directors

Honours

State
Senior Women's National Football Championship
 Winners (1): 2010–11
 Runners-up (5): 2001–02, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2013–14, 2018–19
National Games
 Gold medal (2): 2007, 2011
 Silver medal (2): 2015, 2022
 Bronze medal (1): 2002
Junior Girl's National Football Championship
 Runners-up (8): 2002–03, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2015–16, 2017–18
Sub–Junior Girl's National Football Championship
 Winners (1): 2006–07
 Runners-up (7): 2003–04, 2004–05, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2018–19

Others
Pem Dorjee Memorial Cup
 Runners-up: 2009

Notable players
Below the players, are Indian senior international women's footballers who represented the Odisha women's football team.

 Sradhanjali Samantaray
 Ranjita Mohanty
 Pinky Bompal Magar
 Sasmita Mallik
 Alochana Senapati
 Gitanjali Khuntia
 Gayatri Mallick
 Suprava Samal
 Sita Sharma
 Swarnamayee Samal
 Bijayalaxmi Sahoo
 Rashmita Patra
 Supriya Routray
 Lochana Munda
 Tikina Samal
 Manisa Panna
 Pyari Xaxa
 Jabamani Tudu
 Juli Kishan

References

Football in Odisha
Women's football teams in India
Organizations with year of establishment missing


title: Supercopa MX

text:
The Supercopa MX () was a Mexican football competition contested by the winners of the Apertura and Clausura Copa MX, initially in a two-legged and later a single final. It was launched in 2014 and lasted until 2019.

History
In June 2013 Liga MX president Decio De María announced the winners of Apertura and Clausura Copa MX will face each other and the winner will qualify to the following year's Copa Libertadores as "Mexico 3".

On June 20, 2014 it was announced the two teams would face each other in a two-legged home-and-away series called SuperCopa MX.

The 2015 edition SuperCopa MX was a single match at a neutral venue, Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas, United States, making Mexico the fourth nation (after Italy, France and Turkey) and first North American nation to stage its Super Cup abroad.

On May 20, 2019, it was announced that the Copa MX would be held once a year (July–April), and the match is abolished.

List of finals

Titles by club

See also
Campeón de Campeones
Copa MX

References

Football competitions in Mexico
National association football supercups
Recurring sporting events established in 2014
2014 establishments in Mexico


title: Kim Jung-nan

text:
Kim Jung-nan (born Kim Hyun-ah on July 16, 1971) is a South Korean actress. Kim made her acting debut in 1991, but received a new surge of popularity after starring in A Gentleman's Dignity in 2012.

Filmography

Film

Television series

Radio shows

Television show

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
South Korean film actresses
South Korean television actresses
South Korean radio presenters
Dongguk University alumni
South Korean women radio presenters


title: Francis Lee Friedman

text:
Francis Lee Friedman (September 5, 1918 – August 4, 1962) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Life

Born in New York City, Friedman received a BA from Harvard in 1939 and an MA also from Harvard in 1940. In 1941 he was a graduate assistant at the University of Wisconsin.

After working as an assistant physicist at the National Bureau of Standards he joined the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago (a division of the Manhattan Project) in 1942, first as an assistant to Gregory Breit, where he helped in estimating the thickness of the concrete shield surrounding a high-power nuclear reactor. Then, he became a member of the theoretical group led by Eugene Wigner. He was a signatory of the Szilárd petition in July 1945.

Friedman earned a Ph.D. from MIT in 1949 and became a professor of physics at MIT in 1950. There, he researched nuclear physics, theoretical physics, and cosmic ray theory.

During the 1955–1956 academic year, Friedman worked in the Niels Bohr Laboratory at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen.

With Jerrold Zacharias led the Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC) with the aim to develop a new curriculum for high school physics. Friedman was the principal author of the first edition of the PSSC Physics textbook (1960).

Friedman became the director of the Science Teaching Center at MIT in 1960. A member of the American Physical Society and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he died of cancer in Boston in 1962.

Burton Richter, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, was one of his students.

Bibliography
 Friedman, Francis L. (1948) Nuclear Reactors: Some Basic Considerations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
 Friedman, Francis L. (1949) Cosmic Ray Shower Theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
 Friedman, Francis L.; Physical Science Study Committee.; et al (1960) PSSC physics: teacher's resource book and guide. D.C. Heath.
 Friedman, Francis L. and Leo Sartori. (1965) The Classical Atom. Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass.

References

External links
 Video of Francis L. Friedman presenting the Millikan Experiment in a PSSC educational film (dubbed in Italian)

1918 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American educators
20th-century American physicists
American nuclear physicists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Manhattan Project people
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts


title: 2014 Supercopa MX

text:
The 2014 Supercopa MX was a two-legged Mexican football match-up which was played in July 2014 between the champion of the Apertura 2013 Copa MX, Monarcas Morelia, and the champion of the Clausura 2014 Copa MX, Tigres UANL. The winner of the 2014 Supercopa MX qualified for the 2015 Copa Libertadores first stage.

Match details

First leg

Second leg

See also
Apertura 2013 Copa MX
Clausura 2014 Copa MX

References

2014
2014–15 in Mexican football
Atlético Morelia matches
Tigres UANL matches


title: XX Tauri

text:
XX Tauri (Nova Tauri 1927) was a nova, which appeared in the constellation Taurus in 1927. It was discovered by Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Arthur Wachmann at Hamburg Observatory on an objective prism photographic plate taken on 18 November 1927.  Subsequent examination of pre-discovery photographic plates taken at the Harvard College Observatory showed that the peak brightness, magnitude 5.9, occurred on 1 October 1927, at which point it may have been faintly visible to the naked eye.  By 1988 it had faded below magnitude 19.8.

XX Tauri faded three magnitudes from peak brightness in just 43 days, making it a "fast nova".  Its post eruption light curve shows small amplitude (~0.1  magnitude) variations of timescales of days, hours and minutes, which makes the determination of the orbital period of the binary system comprising the nova difficult.   The orbital period may be 0.136±0.002 days.

In 1984 a small (radius 2.2 arc second) nova remnant surrounding XX Tau was discovered using the Hale Telescope.   The expansion of that remnant has been used to derive a distance estimate of 3500 parsecs.

References

Novae
Taurus (constellation)
1927 in science
Tauri, XX


title: Packerton, Indiana

text:
Packerton is an unincorporated community in Clay Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
Packerton was laid out as a town in 1882 by John C. Packer, when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Packerton in 1881, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1926.

The community is the namesake of the Packerton Moraine.

Indiana State FFA Vice President Lindsey O'Hara served the Indiana FFA Association in 2014–2015.

Geography
Packerton is located at .

References

Unincorporated communities in Kosciusko County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana


title: Packerton

text:
Packerton may refer to:

Packerton, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Kosciusko County
Packerton, Pennsylvania, a village in Carbon County


title: HR Delphini

text:
HR Delphini, also known as Nova Delphini 1967, was a nova which appeared in the constellation Delphinus in 1967.   It was discovered by George Alcock at 22:35 UT on 8 July 1967, after searching the sky for over 800 hours with binoculars.  At the time of discovery it had an apparent magnitude of 5.0.   It reached a peak brightness of magnitude 3.5 on 13 December 1967, making it easily visible to the naked eye around that time. Pre-outburst photographs taken with the Samuel Oschin telescope showed it as a ~12th magnitude star which might have been variable.

HR Delphini was discovered 158 days before it reached peak brightness, and its light curve around the peak was very well observed. It had a very slow rise to maximum brightness, when compared to other classical novae. It took 230 days for HR Delphini to fade from its peak by 3 magnitudes, which makes it a "slow" nova.   Its decline from peak brightness showed several brief outbursts, leading to its light curve being classified as type "J" (for "jitters").

In June 1970, HR Delphini was detected in 3.7 cm and 11.1 cm radio wavelengths with the Green Bank Interferometer, and at 1.95 cm with the Green Bank 140 foot telescope.

All novae are binary stars, with a "donor" star orbiting a white dwarf.   The two stars are so close to each other that material is transferred from the donor to the white dwarf.   In the case of HR Delphini, the orbital period of the binary pair is 5.14 hours.   The mass of the white dwarf is estimated to be between 0.6 and 0.75  and the donor star is believed to be a main sequence star with a mass between 0.52 and 0.58  with a spectral type in the range of K5V to M1V.

HR Delphini is surrounded by a bipolar nova remnant emission nebula, visible in Hα, Hβ as well as forbidden lines of oxygen and nitrogen.  It is roughly ellipsoidal, with a central ring around the equatorial region. It had a size of 3.7 × 2.5 arc seconds when it was discovered in 1981, and had expanded to roughly 8.5 × 6.1 arc seconds when it was observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1997.

References

Novae
Delphinus
1967 in science
Delphini, HR
102190


title: UAAP Season 77 basketball tournaments

text:
The UAAP Season 77 basketball tournaments were held in school year 2014–15. University of the East was the season host. The basketball tournaments started with a doubleheader basketball games after the opening ceremonies on July 12, 2014  at the Smart Araneta Coliseum. ABS-CBN UHF channel Sports and Action broadcast the men's tournament for the fifteenth consecutive year.

Men's tournament

Teams

Elimination round

Team standings

Match-up results

Scores

Fourth–seed playoff

Second–seed playoff

Bracket

Semifinals
In the semifinals, the higher seed has the twice-to-beat advantage, where they only have to win once, while their opponents twice, to progress.

Ateneo vs. NU
The Ateneo Blue Eagles  had the twice-to-beat advantage.

FEU vs. La Salle
The FEU Tamaraws had the twice-to-beat advantage after beating the De La Salle Green Archers in the playoff for the #2 seed, which led to a virtual best-of-three playoff series.

Finals
This was the first time since 1993 that neither Ateneo nor La Salle featured in the UAAP Finals. The attendance of the Do-or-Die Game 3 of the series was set as the all-time basketball attendance record of Smart Araneta Coliseum.

 Finals Most Valuable Player:

Awards

 Most Valuable Player:
 Rookie of the Year:
 Mythical Five:

Coaching changes

Broadcast notes

Television
Simulcast over ABS-CBN Channel 2 (Game 1), ABS-CBN Sports and Action (Games 2 and 3), The Filipino Channel, and Balls HD with replays on ABS-CBN Sports and Action and Balls.

Radio
Simulcast over DZMM Radio Patrol 630.

Women's tournament

Elimination round

Team standings

Match-up results

Scores

Bracket

Stepladder semifinals

First round

Second round
The De La Salle Lady Archers has the twice-to-beat advantage.

Finals
The NU Lady Bulldogs have the thrice-to-beat advantage, while the FEU Lady Tamaraws have the twice-to-win disadvantage.

Finals Most Valuable Player:

Awards

 Most Valuable Player:
 Rookie of the Year:
 Mythical Five:

Broadcast notes

Juniors' tournament

Elimination round

Team standings

Match-up results

Scores

Second-seed playoff
The winner advances to the second round of the stepladder semifinals with the twice-to-beat advantage; the loser proceeds to the first round.

Bracket

Stepladder semifinals

First round
This is a one-game playoff.

Second round
The NU Bullpups have the twice-to-beat advantage.

Finals
The Ateneo Blue Eaglets have the thrice-to-beat advantage; the NU Bullpups can lose the series by losing twice.

Finals Most Valuable Player:

Awards

 Most Valuable Player:
Rookie of the Year:
 Mythical Five:

Overall championship points

Seniors' division

Juniors' division

In case of a tie, the team with the higher position in any tournament is ranked higher. If both are still tied, they are listed by alphabetical order.

How rankings are determined:
 Ranks 5th to 8th determined by elimination round standings.
 Loser of the #1 vs #4 semifinal match-up is ranked 4th
 Loser of the #2 vs #3 semifinal match-up is ranked 3rd
 Loser of the finals is ranked 2nd
 Champion is ranked 1st

See also
NCAA Season 90 basketball tournaments

References

77
2014–15 in Philippine college basketball
Basket


title: OTO Award for TV Female Actor

text:
OTO Award TV Female Actor

Currently held by  Zuzana Mauréry

First awarded  | Last awarded 2000 | Present

OTO Award for TV Female Actor has been bestowed to the most recognized female actors of the past year in Slovakia since 2000. In years 2010 and 2011, the award was split into two equivalent categories depending on a genre, TV drama or TV comedy. From 2012, the general category is held.

Winners and nominees

2000s

2010s

Superlatives

 Notes
┼ Denotes also a winner in two or more of the main categories. † Denotes also a winner of the Absolute OTO category. ‡ Denotes also an inductee into the Hall of Fame OTO.

Associated categories
OTO Award TV Female Actor – Drama

First awarded  | Last awarded 2010 | 2011

TV Female Actor – Drama

 2 nominations
 Emília Vášáryová
 Diana Mórová

OTO Award TV Female Actor – Comedy

First awarded  | Last awarded 2010 | 2011

TV Female Actor – Comedy

 2 awards
 Petra Polnišová

 2 nominations
 Petra Polnišová
 Helena Krajčiová

References

External links
 OTO Awards (Official website)
 OTO Awards - Winners and nominees (From 2000 onwards)
 OTO Awards - Winners and nominees (From 2000 to 2009)

Actor, female
Culture of Slovakia
Slovak television awards
Awards established in 2000


title: Spectral line ratios

text:
The analysis of line intensity ratios is an important tool to obtain information about laboratory and space plasmas. In emission spectroscopy, the intensity of spectral lines can provide various information about the plasma (or gas) condition. It might be used to determine the temperature or density of the plasma. Since the measurement of an absolute intensity in an experiment can be challenging, the ratio of different spectral line intensities can be used to achieve information about the plasma, as well.

Theory
The emission intensity density of an atomic transition from the upper state to the lower state is:

where:
  is the density of ions in the upper state,
  is the energy of the emitted photon, which is the product of the Planck constant and the transition frequency,
  is the Einstein coefficient for the specific transition.

The population of atomic states N is generally dependent on plasma temperature and density. Generally, the more hot and dense the plasma, the higher atomic states are populated. The observance or not-observance of spectral lines from certain ion species can, therefore, help to give a rough estimation of the plasma parameters.

More accurate results can be obtained by comparing line intensities:

The transition frequencies and the Einstein coefficients of transitions are well known and listed in various tables as in NIST Atomic Spectra Database. It is often that atomic modeling is required for determination of the population densities  and  as a function of density and temperature. While for the temperature determination of plasma in thermal equilibrium Saha's equation and Boltzmann's formula might be used, the density dependence usually requires atomic modeling.

See also
 Plasma diagnostics
 Spectral line

External links
 NIST Atomic Spectra Database

References

Spectroscopy

Emission spectroscopy
Plasma diagnostics


title: Donald P. Borchers

text:
Donald P. Borchers is a film producer, director, and screenwriter.

Biography
Donald P. Borchers is an American producer. Borchers was a production associate at Avco Embassy Pictures in the early 1980s.

An independent production deal with New World Pictures resulted in Children of the Corn (1984) and other films. Borchers founded Planet Productions Corp., and went on to produce Two Moon Junction (1988), Leprechaun 2 (1994), and others. He produced three films for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Playhouse television series and served as an adjunct professor at the University of Southern California School of Cinema/Television.

Archives
The moving image collection of Donald P. Borchers is held at the Academy Film Archive. The film collection at the Academy Film Archive is complemented by the Donald P. Borchers papers held at the Academy's Margaret Herrick Library.

Filmography

Film director

Screenwriter

Film producer

Television producer

Other projects
From 1984 to 1996, Borchers served as an adjunct professor at the Peter Stark Producing Program, a Master of Fine Arts program in the USC School of Cinematic Arts teaching CIN 565, the budgeting and scheduling requisite class.  In 2016, Borchers started a YouTube channel.

References

External links

Donald P. Borchers, on My-Blog-of-Interviews
Episode 28 – Donald P. Borchers, The Zicree Simkins Podcast

American film producers
American film directors
American male screenwriters
American television directors
American television writers
American television producers
American male television writers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American screenwriters
21st-century American male writers
USC School of Cinematic Arts faculty


title: Scality

text:
Scality is a global technology provider of software-defined storage (SDS) solutions, specializing in distributed file and object storage with cloud data management. Scality maintains offices in Paris (France), London (UK), San Francisco and Washington DC (USA), and Tokyo (Japan) and has employees in 14 countries.

History
Scality was founded in 2009 by Jérôme Lecat, Giorgio Regni, Daniel Binsfeld, Serge Dugas, and Brad King.

Scality raised $7 million of venture capital funding in March 2011. A C-round of $22 million was announced in June 2013, led by Menlo Ventures and Iris Capital with participation from FSN PME and all existing investors, including Idinvest Partners, OMNES Capital and Galileo Partners. Scality raised $45 million in August 2015. This Series D funding was led by Menlo Ventures with participation from all existing investors and one new strategic investor, BroadBand Tower.  In 2016, HPE made a strategic investment in the company. In April, 2018, the company announced a $60 million round of funding.

Scality announced a refreshed brand, along with a distribution agreement with Hewlett-Packard in October 2014. Scality added Dell and Cisco Systems as resellers in 2015.

Products

RING
Scality's released the first version of its principal product, RING, in 2010. The object storage software platform is a multitiered architecture and can scale up to thousands of servers and up to 100 petabytes under a single namespace. Ring product depends on a keyspace calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation at install, spread across all of its node servers. While the company aims for the Ring to function without the need of any external management process, a Supervisor server is functionally required to kick-off data integrity operations and keep track of node state, while also providing a single source of truth for data about the ring itself. The Supervisor process is relatively lightweight and can be installed on a node server if required, but the company recommends it run separately from the Ring's constituent storage servers.

The Ring employs erasure coding schemes in multiples of six, which is the minimum number of storage nodes required to install a Ring. The underlying filesystem formatted on the storage drives is transparent to the Ring and it does not interact with filesystem operations directly. The Ring installer was originally written in Python for Saltstack, but then re-implemented closed-source.

Object storage was covered by trade press in 2017.

Zenko
In 2017, Scality released Zenko, an open source multi-cloud data controller. In 2018, Scality released a commercially supported version of Zenko. Zenko integrates data managed on-premises with services available in public clouds.

Zenko CloudServer (formerly Scality S3 Server) is an Amazon Web Services Simple Storage Service-compatible open source object storage server. The code is written in Node.js. It is a single instance running in a Docker container, and it uses Docker volumes for persistent storage. CloudServer uses the same code as the Scality RING S3 interface and includes an Apache 2.0 license. It is not a distributed system (that is the paid version, S3 for Enterprise). However, it does have the same level of compatibility as the S3 interface for the Scality RING. Zenko Orbit is a cloud-based portal for data placement, workflows, and global metadata search. The product enables asynchronous replication between clouds.

Versions

Scality released version 4.2 in October 2013 which added native file access protocols including Network File System (NFS), Server Message Block (SMB), Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), and FTP.
Scality released version 4.3 of the RING software in July 2014, improving performance, adding replication options, and introducing a redesigned management GUI.
In November 2014, Scality made generally available a plug-in for OpenStack Swift, enabling Swift-compatible applications to use the Scality RING as a storage backend without modification. Scality also released an open-source driver that enables the creation of block storage volumes that can connect to CDMI-compatible storage backends.
Scality released version 5.0 of the RING software in March 2015, simplifying installation and configuration, expanding Windows support, and improving video streaming and content distribution performance
Version 6.0 of the Scality RING was introduced in 2016
Scality open sourced their object server frontend called S3 Server that implements the AWS S3 API in July 2017, the source code is available on Github under an Apache 2.0 license and prebuilt containers are available on Docker Hub
Scality RING7 launched in June, 2017 with enhanced security and multi-cloud file and object storage.

Scality has been recognized consistently over the years for object-based storage by IDC. In Gartner's first Magic Quadrant for Distributed File Systems and Object Storage Scality was ranked a leader.
Scality was a 2014 storage system software finalist by Storage Magazine. In 2017, Scality was again ranked a leader in Gartner's Magic Quadrant for Distributed File Systems and Object Storage.

References

External links
 Scality web site
 Scality Zenko web site
 Giorgio Regni, CTO

Network-attached storage
Object storage
Cloud storage
Distributed file systems
Userspace file systems
Computer storage companies
Companies based in San Francisco
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies of the United States


title: Hol, Ludhiana

text:
Hoal is a village located near Khanna in Ludhiana district of the Indian state of Punjab. This village known for its  contribution towards community. So many youngsters from village went to foreign countries for better future 'Udvir Singh'.Harwinder Singh Randhawa is one of them. Dr Balpreet Randhawa also belong to village Hoal. She is state topper and won many national and international awards.

References

Villages in Ludhiana district


title: Antar (film)

text:
Antar is a 2013 unreleased Indian Marathi-language film directed by Gauri Sarwate, starring Sumeet Raghavan, Manasi Salvi and Tanishaa Mukerji in lead roles. The film has been jointly produced by Ashvini Yardi and actor Akshay Kumar for Grazing Goat Pictures.

Plot
Antar is the coming-of-age story of a young Maharashtrian student in the UK.

Cast
Sumeet Raghavan
Tanishaa Mukerji
Manasi Salvi
Apeksha Dandekar
Bharati Achrekar
Vandana Gupte
Anjali Kusre

References

2010s Marathi-language films
2013 films


title: Kazuaki Takano

text:
is a Japanese writer of crime fiction and thrillers. He is a member of the Mystery Writers of Japan.

He worked for a time under the Japanese film director Kihachi Okamoto in his youth. After that he studied film at Los Angeles City College from 1989 to 1991.

His first novel Jūsan Kaidan (literally "Thirteen Steps", 2001) is a crime fiction novel which deals with the Japanese capital punishment system.

Awards and nominations
 2001 - Edogawa Rampo Prize: Jūsan Kaidan (Thirteen Steps)
 2011 - Yamada Futaro Award: Genocide Of One
 2011 - Nominee for Naoki Prize: Genocide Of One
 2012 - The Best Japanese Crime Fiction of the Year (Kono Mystery ga Sugoi! 2012): Genocide Of One
 2012 - Mystery Writers of Japan Award for Best Novel: Genocide Of One

Bibliography

Standalone novels
  (2001)
  (2002)
   (2003)
  (2004)
  (2005; co-authored with Hitoshi Sakagami)
  (2011; translated by Philip Gabriel as Genocide Of One, Mulholland Books, 2014)

Short story collection
 , 2007

TV and film adaptations
Japanese film
 Jūsan Kaidan (2003)

Japanese TV drama
 Roku Jikango ni Kimi wa Shinu (2008)

See also

Japanese detective fiction

References
 Profile at J'Lit Books from Japan
 Profile and the synopsis of Genocide Of One at Mulholland Books

1964 births
Writers from Tokyo
20th-century Japanese novelists
21st-century Japanese novelists
Japanese male short story writers
Japanese mystery writers
Japanese crime fiction writers
Edogawa Rampo Prize winners
Mystery Writers of Japan Award winners
Japanese screenwriters
Living people
20th-century Japanese short story writers
21st-century Japanese short story writers
20th-century Japanese male writers
21st-century male writers