title: Middle Fork of the Forked Deer River

text:
The Middle Fork of the Forked Deer River is formed in Henderson County, Tennessee. It is a small stream that flows through Carroll County, northern Madison County, Gibson County, Crockett County and Dyer County where it flows into the North Fork.

See also
List of rivers of Tennessee

References

Rivers of Tennessee
Bodies of water of Carroll County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Madison County, Tennessee
Bodies of water of Gibson County, Tennessee
Rivers of Dyer County, Tennessee


title: Olivia Vivian

text:
Olivia Vivian (born 13 July 1989 in Perth) is an Australian artistic gymnast who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics. After competing at the 2008 Olympics, Vivian competed for Oregon State University in NCAA gymnastics for four years. She also competed in the 2005, 2006, and 2014 World Championships. Vivian won a silver medal with the Australian team at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. In 2020, she was one of several former gymnasts to speak out about a "toxic" culture within the country's elite programme.

Personal life
Olivia Vivian was born on 13 July 1989 in Perth, Australia. Her father, Craig, was a plumber, and her mother, Gillian, is a real estate agent. She started gymnastics when she was eight after originally being in ballet. Her first gym was Claremont P.C.Y.C, and her first coach was Julia Clapsis. Her favourite apparatus was uneven bars. Her father died of cancer in 2013. In her spare time Olivia key note speaks at corporate events and hosts Ninja/gymnastics workshops at schools and sports clubs. She has a large following across her social channels and creates content to inspire others and motivate young girls to chase their dreams. She is an ambassador for Melanoma Institute in honour of her father, and she spends time promoting Funky Monkey Bars in efforts to get kids playing outdoors.

Elite career (2005-2008)
Vivian competed at both the 2005 and 2006 World Championships. In 2005, she finished thirteenth on uneven bars, and in 2006, she finished twelfth on uneven bars and sixth with the team.

2008 Olympics
Vivian was selected to represent Australia at the 2008 Summer Olympics where she competed on uneven bars. She scored a 14.925 in the qualification round which helped Australia qualify fifth into the team final. In the team final, Vivian scored a 15.100 to help Australia finish in a historic sixth place.

Collegiate career (2009-2012)
Vivian competed for the Oregon State Beavers. She was limited to uneven bars her freshman year due to multiple injuries. She helped Oregon State win the 2011 PAC-10 Conference Championships, their first Conference title since 1996. Vivian was also the PAC-10 Co-Champion on uneven bars, and she finished sixth at the NCAA Championships. In her senior year, she was the 2012 NCAA Regional Co-Champion on uneven bars.

Elite comeback (2012-2016)
At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, Vivian competed on all four events and helped her team win the silver medal. Despite having the 4th highest bar score on the uneven bars, she did not qualify into the apparatus event finals because of the two-per country rule. She qualified eleventh into the all-around final with a score of 50.765, the highest of the Australian gymnasts. In the all-around final, she finished fifth with a score of 52.632. Vivian was selected to compete at the 2014 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships where she helped her team finish seventh.

Olivia Vivian retired from gymnastics in October of 2016, and she joined Cirque Du Soleil.

TV Appearances

Ninja Warrior
In 2017 she was a competitor in the inaugural season of Australian Ninja Warrior. In July 2018 she competed on Australian Ninja Warrior again for season 2. She was the only woman to make it to the Grand Final. She then competed on American Ninja Warrior: USA vs. The World in 2019 alongside Jack Wilson, Australian Ninja Warrior (season 1) contestant, Bryson Klein, Australian Ninja Warrior (season 2) contestant, Ashlin Herbert, Australian Ninja Warrior (season 3) contestant Ben Polson, Australian Ninja Warrior contestant (seasons 1-4) and first ever Australian Ninja Warrior winner in 2020. In 2019 she became the only woman to make it to the Grand Final 2 years in a row. In 2020 she became the only female competitor worldwide to reach the second stage of Grand Final, and also finish 5 stages in a calendar year as she and Ben Polson both also competed for Western Australia in the first State of Origin series. She also competed for Team Australia that won gold medal on American Ninja Warrior: USA vs. The World in 2020. In 2022 she became the only female Ninja in the world to earn furthest fastest in the Semi-finals course of Australian Ninja Warrior.

Ninja World Championships
In September 2019, Vivian competed in the inaugural Ninja World Championships in Moscow Russia, winning the Gold Medal in 4 minutes 00 seconds. Her fastest run in the qualifying rounds of 3 minutes 15 seconds established the women's World Record for the international standard 160m long "speed" course, a format used in the American Ninja Warrior: Ninja vs. Ninja course. Vivan is the Ninja Athlete Advisory Council Chair at World Obstacle.

The Celebrity Apprentice

In September 2020, Vivian was announced as a celebrity contestant on the revived new season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia in 2021.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Australian female artistic gymnasts
Australian Ninja Warrior contestants
Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Australia
Sportswomen from Western Australia
Oregon State Beavers women's gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportspeople from Perth, Western Australia
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in gymnastics
The Apprentice Australia candidates
21st-century Australian women
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: History of Target Corporation

text:
The history of Target Corporation first began in 1902 by George Dayton. The company was originally named Goodfellow Dry Goods in June 1902 before being renamed the Dayton's Dry Goods Company in 1903 and later the Dayton Company in 1910. The first Target store opened in Roseville, Minnesota in 1962 while the parent company was renamed the Dayton Corporation in 1967. It became the Dayton-Hudson Corporation after merging with the J.L. Hudson Company in 1969 and held ownership of several department store chains including Dayton's, Hudson's, Marshall Field's, and Mervyn's. In 2000, the Dayton-Hudson Corporation was renamed to Target Corporation.

1902–1961: Dayton Company

The Westminster Presbyterian Church in downtown Minneapolis burned down during the Panic of 1893; the church was looking for revenue because insurance would not cover the cost of a new building. Its congregation appealed to George Dayton, an active parishioner, to purchase the empty corner lot adjacent to the original church's so it could rebuild; he eventually constructed a six-story building on the newly purchased property. Looking for tenants, Dayton convinced the Reuben Simon Goodfellow Company to move its nearby Goodfellows department store into the newly erected building in 1902, although its owner retired altogether and sold his interest in the store to Dayton. The store was renamed the Dayton Dry Goods Company in 1903, and was shortened to the Dayton Company in 1910. Having maintained connections as banker yet lacking previous retail experience, Dayton operated the company as a family enterprise over which he held tight control and enforced strict Presbyterian guidelines. Consequently, the store forbade the selling of alcohol, refused to advertise in newspapers that sponsored liquor ads, and would not allow any kind of business activity on Sundays. In 1918, Dayton, who gave away most of his money to charity, founded the Dayton Foundation with $1 million.

By the 1920s, the Dayton Company was a multimillion-dollar business and filled the entire six-story building. Dayton began transferring parts of the business to his son Nelson after an earlier 43-year-old son David died in 1923. The company made its first expansion with the acquisition of the Minneapolis-based jeweler J.B. Hudson & Son right before the Wall Street Crash of 1929; its jewelry store operated in a net loss during the Great Depression, but its department store weathered the economic crisis. Dayton died in 1938 and was succeeded by his son Nelson as the president of the $14 million business, who maintained the strict Presbyterian guidelines and conservative management style of his father. Throughout World War II, Nelson Dayton's managers focused on keeping the store stocked, which led to an increase in revenue. When the War Production Board initiated its scrap metal drives, Dayton donated the electric sign on the department store to the local scrap metal heap. In 1944, it offered its workers retirement benefits, becoming one of the first stores in the United States to do so, and began offering a comprehensive health insurance policy in 1950. In 1946, the business started contributing 5% of its taxable income to the Dayton Foundation.

Nelson Dayton was replaced as president by his son Donald after his death in 1950; he ran the company alongside four of his cousins instead of under a single person, and replaced the Presbyterian guidelines with a more secular approach. It began selling alcohol and operating on Sundays, and favored a more radical, aggressive, innovative, costly, and expansive management style. The company acquired the Portland, Oregon-based Lipman's department store company during the 1950s and operated it as a separate division. In 1956, the Dayton Company opened Southdale Center, a two-level shopping center in the Minneapolis suburb of Edina. Because there were only 113 good shopping days in a year in Minneapolis, the architect built the mall under a cover, making it the world's first fully enclosed shopping mall. The Dayton Company became a retail chain with the opening of its second department store in Southdale.

1962–1975: Founding of Target
While working for the Dayton company, John F. Geisse developed the concept of upscale discount retailing. On May 1, 1962, the Dayton Company, using Geisse's concepts, opened its first Target discount store, located at 1515 West County Road B in Roseville, a suburb of Saint Paul, Minnesota. The name "Target" originated from Dayton's publicity director, Stewart K. Widdess, and was intended to prevent consumers from associating the new discount store chain with the department store. Douglas Dayton served as the first president of Target. The new subsidiary ended its first year with four units, all in Minnesota. Target Stores lost money in its initial years but reported its first gain in 1965, with sales reaching $39 million, allowing a fifth store to open in the Minneapolis suburb of Bloomington. By 1964 Dayton's was the second-largest privately owned department store chain in the country.

In 1966, Bruce Dayton launched the B. Dalton Bookseller specialty chain as a Dayton Company subsidiary. Target Stores expanded outside of Minnesota by opening two stores in Denver, and sales exceeded $60 million. The first of these two stores was built in 1966 in Glendale, Colorado, which is part of Denver Metropolitan area. The store was upgraded to a SuperTarget in 2003 and is still open. The next year, the Dayton holdings were reorganized as Dayton Corporation, and it went public with its first offering of common stock. It opened two more Target stores in Minnesota, resulting in a total of nine units. It acquired the San Francisco-based jeweler Shreve & Co., which it merged with previously acquired J.B. Hudson & Son to form Dayton Jewelers.

In 1968, Target updated its bullseye logo, opting for a more modern look, and expanded into St. Louis, Missouri, with two new stores. Target's president, Douglas J. Dayton, went back to the parent Dayton Corporation and was succeeded by William A. Hodder. Senior vice-president and founder John Geisse left the company. Geisse was later hired by St. Louis-based May Department Stores, where he founded the Venture Stores chain. Target Stores ended the year with eleven units and $130 million in sales. It acquired the Los Angeles-based Pickwick Book Shops and merged it into B. Dalton Bookseller.

In 1969, the company acquired the Boston-based Lechmere electronics and appliances chain, which operated in New England, as well as the Philadelphia-based jewelry chain J.E. Caldwell. It expanded Target Stores into Texas and Oklahoma with six new units and built its first distribution center in Fridley, Minnesota. The Dayton Company merged with the Detroit-based J.L. Hudson Company that year to become the Dayton-Hudson Corporation, the 14th largest retailer in the United States, consisting of Target and five major department store chains: Dayton's; Diamond's of Phoenix, Arizona; Hudson's; John A. Brown of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Lipman's. The company offered Dayton-Hudson stock on the New York Stock Exchange. The Dayton Foundation changed its name to the Dayton Hudson Foundation, and Dayton-Hudson continued its practice of donating 5% of its taxable income to the foundation.

In 1970, Target Stores added seven new units, including two units in Wisconsin, and the twenty-four-unit chain reached $200 million in sales. Dayton-Hudson said at the time that they could forecast their discount-store operations overshadowing their department store revenue in the near future. Dayton-Hudson acquired the Team Electronics specialty chain, which  was headed by Stephen L. Pistner. It subsequently acquired the Chicago-based jeweler C.D. Peacock, Inc., and the San Diego-based jeweler J. Jessop and Sons. Also in 1970, Dayton-Hudson purchased Ronzone's in Las Vegas, Nevada, converting it into a Diamond's store. In January 1970, Dayton-Hudson announced they would be one of the tenants of the IDS Center, the first modern-era skyscraper built in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The location would serve as their headquarters until 2000. In 1971, Dayton-Hudson acquired sixteen stores from the Arlan's department store chain in Colorado, Iowa, and Oklahoma. Two of those units reopened as Target stores that year. Also that year, Dayton-Hudson's sales across all its chains surpassed $1 billion. In 1972, the other fourteen units from the Arlan's acquisition were reopened as Target stores, bringing the total number of units to forty-six. As a result of its rapid expansion and the top executives' lack of experience in discount retailing, the chain reported its first decrease in profits since its initial years, and Dayton-Hudson considered selling off the Target Stores subsidiary. The chain's loss in operational revenue was due to overstocking and carrying goods over multiple years, regardless of inventory and storage costs. That same year, Dayton-Hudson acquired two Twin Cities mail-order firms, Sibley and Consolidated Merchandising. In 1973, Stephen Pistner, who had already revived Team Electronics and would later work for Montgomery Ward and Ames, was named chief executive officer of Target Stores, and Kenneth A. Macke was named Target Stores' senior vice-president. The new management marked down merchandise to clear out its overstock and allowed only one new unit to open that year.

1975–1981: Early prosperity
 In 1975, Target opened two stores, reaching 49 units in nine states and $511 million (~$ in ) in sales. That year, the Target discount chain became Dayton-Hudson's top revenue producer. In 1976 Dayton-Hudson was the eighth largest retailer in the U.S., and Target opened four new units and reached $600 million (~$ in ) in sales. Macke was promoted to president and chief executive officer of Target Stores. Inspired by the Dayton Hudson Foundation, the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce started the 5% Club (now known as the Minnesota Keystone Program), which honored companies that donated 5% of their taxable incomes to charities. In 1977, Target Stores opened seven new units and Stephen Pistner became president of Dayton-Hudson, with Macke succeeding him as chairman and chief executive officer of Target Stores. The senior vice president of Dayton-Hudson, Bruce G. Allbright, moved to Target Stores and succeeded Kenneth Macke as president. In 1978, the company acquired Mervyn's and became the 7th largest general merchandise retailer in the United States. Target Stores opened eight new stores that year, including its first shopping mall anchor store in Grand Forks, North Dakota. In 1979, it opened 13 new units to a total of 80 Target stores in eleven states. Dayton-Hudson reached $3 billion in sales, with $1.12 billion coming from the Target store chain alone.

Dayton-Hudson sold its nine owned shopping centers in 1978 to Equitable Life Assurance Company, including the 5 owned in Michigan, and the 4 "Dales" shopping centers they developed and owned in Minnesota. In 1980, Dayton-Hudson sold its Lipman's department store chain of six units to Marshall Field's, which rebranded the stores as Frederick & Nelson. That year, Target Stores opened seventeen new units, including expansions into Tennessee and Kansas. It acquired the Ayr-Way discount retail chain of 40 stores and one distribution center from Indianapolis-based L.S. Ayres & Company. In 1981 Dayton-Hudson sold its interest in four regional shopping centers, again, to Equitable Life Assurance Company. Also in 1981, it reopened the stores acquired in the Ayr-Way acquisition as Target stores. Stephen Pistner left the parent company to join Montgomery Ward, and Kenneth Macke succeeded him as president of Dayton-Hudson. Floyd Hall succeeded Kenneth Macke as chairman and chief executive officer of Target Stores. Bruce Allbright left the company to work for Woolworth, where he was named chairman and chief executive officer of Woolco. Bob Ulrich became president and chief executive officer of Diamond's Department Stores. In addition to the Ayr-Way acquisition, Target Stores expanded by opening fourteen new units and a third distribution center in Little Rock, Arkansas, to a total of 151 units and $2.05 billion in sales.

1982–1999: Nationwide expansion
Since the launch of Target Stores, the company had focused its expansion in the central United States. In 1982, it expanded into the West Coast market by acquiring 33 FedMart stores in Arizona, California, and Texas and opening a fourth distribution center in Los Angeles. Bruce Allbright returned to Target Stores as its vice chairman and chief administrative officer, and the chain expanded to 167 units and $2.41 billion in sales. It sold the Dayton-Hudson Jewelers subsidiary to Henry Birks & Sons of Montreal. In 1983, Kenneth Dayton, the last Dayton family member to work for Dayton-Hudson retired. Also in 1983, the 33 units acquired from FedMart were reopened as Target stores. It founded the Plums off-price apparel specialty store chain with four units in the Los Angeles area, with an intended audience of middle-to-upper income women. In 1984, it sold its Plums chain to Ross Stores after only 11 months of operation, and it sold its Diamond's and John A. Brown department store chains to Dillard's. Meanwhile, Target Stores added nine new units to a total of 215 stores and $3.55 billion in sales. Floyd Hall left the company and Bruce Allbright succeeded him as chairman and chief executive officer of Target Stores. In May 1984, Bob Ulrich became president of the Dayton-Hudson Department Store Division, and in December 1984 became president of Target Stores. In 1986, the company acquired fifty Gemco stores from Lucky Stores in California and Arizona, which made Target Stores the dominant retailer in Southern California, as the chain grew to a total of 246 units. It  opened a fifth distribution center in Pueblo, Colorado. Dayton-Hudson sold the B. Dalton Bookseller chain of several hundred units to Barnes & Noble. At this time, Dayton-Hudson Corporation also started a housewares chain called R. G. Branden's, but this operation was unsuccessful.

In 1987, the acquired Gemco units reopened as Target units, and Target Stores expanded into Michigan and Nevada, including six new units in Detroit, Michigan, to compete directly against Detroit-based Kmart, leading to a total of 317 units in 24 states and $5.3 billion (~$ in ) in sales. Bruce Allbright became president of Dayton-Hudson, and Bob Ulrich succeeded him as chairman and chief executive officer of Target Stores. The Dart Group attempted a takeover bid by aggressively buying its stock. Kenneth Macke proposed six amendments to Minnesota's 1983 anti-takeover law, and his proposed amendments were passed that summer by the state's legislature. This prevented the Dart Group from being able to call for a shareholders' meeting for the purpose of electing a board that would favor Dart if their bid were to turn hostile. Dart originally offered $65 a share, and then raised its offer to $68. The stock market crash of October 1987 ended Dart's attempt to take over the company, when Dayton-Hudson stock fell to $28.75 a share the day the market crashed. Dart's move is estimated to have resulted in an after-tax loss of about $70 million. In 1988, Target Stores expanded into the Northwestern United States by opening eight units in Washington and three in Oregon, to a total of 341 units in 27 states. It opened a distribution center in Sacramento, California, and replaced the existing distribution center in Indianapolis, Indiana, from the Ayr-Way acquisition with a new one.
In 1989, it expanded by 60 units, especially in the Southeastern United States where it entered Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, to a total of 399 units in 30 states with $7.51 billion (~$ in ) in sales. This included an acquisition of 31 more stores from Federated Department Stores' Gold Circle and Richway chains in Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina, which were later reopened as Target stores. It sold its Lechmere chain that year to a group of investors including Berkshire Partners, a leveraged buy-out firm based in Boston, Massachusetts, eight Lechmere executives, and two local shopping mall executives.

In 1990, it acquired Marshall Field's from Batus Inc., and Target Stores opened its first Target Greatland general merchandise superstore in Apple Valley, Minnesota. By 1991, Target Stores had opened 43 Target Greatland units, and sales reached $9.01 billion (~$ in ). In 1992, it created a short-lived chain of apparel specialty stores called Everyday Hero with two stores in Minneapolis. They attempted to compete against other apparel specialty stores such as Gap by offering private label apparel such as its Merona brand. In 1993, it created a chain of closeout stores called Smarts for liquidating clearance merchandise, such as private label apparel, that did not appeal to typical closeout chains that were only interested in national brands. It operated four Smarts units out of former Target stores in Rancho Cucamonga, California, Des Moines, Iowa, El Paso, Texas, and Indianapolis, Indiana, that each closed out merchandise in nearby distribution centers. In 1994, Kenneth Macke left the company, and Bob Ulrich succeeded him as the new chairman and CEO of Dayton-Hudson. In 1995, Target Stores opened its first SuperTarget hypermarket in Omaha, Nebraska. It closed the four Smarts units after only two years of operation. Its store count increased to 670 with $15.7 billion in sales. It launched the Target Guest Card, the discount retail industry's first store credit card.

In 1996, J.C. Penney Company, Inc., the fifth-largest retailer in the United States, offered to buy out Dayton-Hudson, the fourth largest retailer, for $6.82 billion. The offer, which most analysts considered as insufficiently valuing the company, was rebuffed by Dayton-Hudson, saying it preferred to remain independent. Target Stores increased its store count to 736 units in 38 states with $17.8 billion in sales, and remained the company's main area of growth while the other two department store subsidiaries underperformed. The middle scale Mervyn's department store chain consisted of 300 units in 16 states, while the upscale Department Stores Division operated 26 Marshall Field's, 22 Hudson's, and 19 Dayton's stores. In 1997, both of the Everyday Hero stores were closed. Target's store count rose to 796 units, and sales rose to $20.2 billion. In an effort to turn the department store chains around, Mervyn's closed 35 units, including all of its stores in Florida and Georgia. Marshall Field's sold all of its stores in Texas and closed its store in Milwaukee.

In 1998, Dayton-Hudson acquired Greenspring Company's multi-catalog direct marketing unit, Rivertown Trading Company, from Minnesota Communications Group, and it acquired the Associated Merchandising Corporation, an apparel supplier. Target Stores grew to 851 units and $23.0 billion in sales. The Target Guest Card program had registered nine million accounts.

In 1999, Dayton-Hudson acquired Fedco and its ten stores in a move to expand its SuperTarget operation into Southern California. It reopened six of these stores under the Target brand and sold the other four locations to Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and the Ontario Police Department, and its store count rose to 912 units in 44 states with sales reaching $26.0 billion. Revenue for Dayton-Hudson increased to $33.7 billion, and net income reached $1.14 billion, passing $1 billion for the first time and nearly tripling the 1996 profits of $463 million. This increase in profit was due mainly to the Target chain, which Ulrich had focused on making feature high-quality products for low prices. On September 7, 1999, the company relaunched its Target.com website as an e-commerce site as part of its discount retail division. The site initially offered merchandise that differentiated its stores from its competitors, such as its Michael Graves brand.

2000–2011: Target Corporation

In January 2000, Dayton-Hudson Corporation changed its name to Target Corporation and its ticker symbol to TGT; by then, between 75 percent and 80 percent of the corporation's total sales and earnings came from Target Stores, while the other four chains—Dayton's, Hudson's, Marshall Field's, and Mervyn's—were used to fuel the growth of the discount chain, which expanded to 977 stores in 46 states and sales reached $29.7 billion (~$ in ) by the end of the year. It separated its e-commerce operations from its retailing division, and combined it with its Rivertown Trading unit into a stand-alone subsidiary called target.direct. It started offering the Target Visa, as consumer trends were moving more towards third-party Visa and MasterCards and away from private-label cards such as the Target Guest Card.

In 2001, it launched its online gift registry, and in preparation for this, it wanted to operate its upscale Department Stores Division, consisting of 19 Dayton's, 21 Hudson's, and 24 Marshall Field's stores, under a unified department store name. It announced in January that it was renaming its Dayton's and Hudson's stores to Marshall Field's. The name was chosen for multiple reasons: out of the three, Marshall Field's was the most recognizable name in the Department Stores Division, its base in Chicago was bigger than Dayton's base in Minneapolis and Hudson's base in Detroit, Chicago was a major travel hub, and it was the largest chain of the three. Target Stores expanded into Maine, reaching 1,053 units in 47 states and $33.0 billion in sales. Around the same time, the chain made a successful expansion into the Pittsburgh market, where Target capitalized on the collapse of Ames Department Stores that coincidentally happened at the same time as Target's expansion into the area.

In 2002, it expanded to 1,147 units, which included stores in San Leandro, Fremont, and Hayward, California, and sales reached $37.4 billion (~$ in ). Most of those locations replaced former Montgomery Ward locations, which closed in 2001. In 2003, Target reached 1,225 units and $42.0 billion in sales. Despite the growth of the discount retailer, neither Marshall Field's nor Mervyn's were adding to its store count, and their earnings were consistently declining. Marshall Field's sold two of its stores in Columbus, Ohio, this year. On June 9, 2004, Target Corporation announced its sale of the Marshall Field's chain to St. Louis-based May Department Stores, which would become effective July 31, 2004. As well, on July 21, 2004, Target Corporation announced the $1.65 billion sale of Mervyn's to an investment consortium including Sun Capital Partners, Cerberus Capital Management, and Lubert-Adler/Klaff and Partners, L.P., which was finalized September 2. Target Stores expanded to 1,308 units and reached US$46.8 billion in sales. In 2005, Target began operation of an overseas technology office in Bangalore, India. It reached 1,397 units and $52.6 billion in sales. In February 2005, Target Corporation took a $65 million charge to change the way it accounted for leases, which would reconcile the way Target depreciated its buildings and calculated rent expense. The adjustment included $10 million for 2004 and $55 million for prior years.

In 2006, Target completed construction of the Robert J. Ulrich Center in Embassy Golf Links in Bangalore, and Target planned to continue its expansion into India with the construction of additional office space at the Mysore Corporate Campus and successfully opened a branch at Mysore. It expanded to 1,488 units, and sales reached $59.4 billion. On January 9, 2008, Bob Ulrich announced his plans to retire as CEO, and named Gregg Steinhafel as his successor. Ulrich's retirement was due to Target Corporation policy requiring its high-ranking officers to retire at the age of 65. While his retirement as CEO was effective May 1, he remained the chairman of the board until the end of the 2008 fiscal year. On March 4, 2009, Target expanded outside of the continental United States for the first time. Two stores were opened simultaneously on the island of Oahu in Hawaii, along with two stores in Alaska. Despite the economic downturn, media reports indicated sizable crowds and brisk sales. The opening of the Hawaii stores left Vermont as the only state in which Target did not operate. In June 2010, Target announced its goal to give $1 billion to education causes and charities by 2015. Target School Library Makeovers is a featured program in this initiative. In August 2010, after a "lengthy wind-down", Target began a nationwide closing of its remaining 262 garden centers, reportedly due to "stronger competition from home-improvement stores, Walmart and independent garden centers". In September 2010, numerous Target locations began adding a fresh produce department to their stores.

In 2007, Target built its first food distribution center in Lake City, Florida, which opened in 2008.

2011–2015: Initiatives, Canada and data breach
On January 22, 2014, Target "informed workers that it is terminating 475 positions at its offices globally". On March 5, 2014, Target Corp.'s Chief Information Officer Beth Jacob resigned, having been in the role since 2008; this is thought to be due to the company's overhaul of its information security systems.

On June 15, 2015, CVS Health announced its agreement to acquire Target's pharmacy and retail clinic businesses. The deal expanded CVS to new markets in Seattle, Denver, Portland and Salt Lake City. The acquisition includes more than 1,660 pharmacies in 47 states. CVS will operate them through a store-within-a-store format. Target's nearly 80 clinic locations will be rebranded as MinuteClinic, and CVS plans to open up to 20 new clinics in their stores within three years.

In July 2015, the company opened Target Open House, a retail space in San Francisco that shows connected home products which can purchased at select Target stores. The space, located in the Metreon Shopping Center, adopts the same layout as a house so it can show real world use cases for the showcased products. In addition, the space hosts interviews with company founders which have their products on display at the store.

Target Canada

On January 13, 2011, Target announced its expansion into Canada, when it purchased the leaseholds for up to 220 stores of the Canadian sale chain Zellers, owned by the Hudson's Bay Company. The deal was announced to have been made for 1.8 billion dollars. The company stated that they aimed to provide Canadians with a "true Target-brand experience", hinting that its product selection in Canada would vary little from that found in its United States stores.

Target opened its first Canadian stores in March, 2013, and at its peak, Target Canada had 133 stores.  However, the expansion into Canada was beset with problems, including supply chain issues that resulted in stores with aisles of empty shelves and higher-than-expected retail prices.  Target Canada racked up losses of $2.1 billion in its short life, and the store's botched expansion was characterized by the Canadian and US media as a "spectacular failure", "an unmitigated disaster",  and "a gold standard case study in what retailers should not do when they enter a new market".

On January 15, 2015, Target announced that all 133 of its Canadian outlets would be closed and liquidated by the end of 2015.  The last Target Canada stores closed on April 12, 2015, far ahead of the initial schedule.

2013 security breach
On December 18, 2013, security expert Brian Krebs broke news that Target was investigating a major data breach "potentially involving millions of customer credit and debit card records". On December 19, Target confirmed the incident via a press release, revealing that the hack took place between November 27 and December 15, 2013. Target warned that up to 40 million consumer credit and debit cards may have been compromised. Hackers gained access to customer names, card numbers, expiration dates, and CVV security codes of the cards issued by financial institutions. On December 27, Target disclosed that debit card PIN data had also been stolen, albeit in encrypted form, reversing an earlier stance that PIN data was not part of the breach. Target noted that the accessed PIN numbers were encrypted using Triple DES and has stated the PINs remain "safe and secure" due to the encryption. On January 10, 2014, Target disclosed that the names, mailing addresses, phone numbers or email addresses of up to 70 million additional people had also been stolen, bringing the possible number of customers affected up to 110 million.

According to Bloomberg Businessweek, Target's computer security team was notified of the breach via the FireEye security service they employed, had ample time to disrupt the theft of credit cards and other customer data, but did not act to prevent theft from being carried out.

Target encouraged customers who shopped at its US stores (online orders were not affected) during the specified timeframe to closely monitor their credit and debit cards for irregular activity. The retailer confirmed that it is working with law enforcement, including the United States Secret Service, "to bring those responsible to justice". The data breach has been called the second-largest retail cyber attack in history, and has been compared to the 2009 non-retail Heartland Payment Systems compromise, which affected 130 million credit cards, and to the 2007 retail TJX Companies compromise, which affected 90 million people. As an apology to the public, all Target stores in the United States gave retail shoppers a 10% storewide discount for the weekend of December 21–22, 2013. Target has offered free credit monitoring via Experian to affected customers.
Target reported total transactions for the same time last year were down 3-4%, as of December 23, 2013.

According to Time magazine, a 17-year-old Russian teen was suspected to be the author of the Point of Sale (POS) malware program, "BlackPOS", which was used by others to attack unpatched Windows computers used at Target. The teen denied the allegation.
Later, a 23-year-old Russian, Rinat Shabayev, claimed to be the malware author.

On January 29, 2014, a Target spokeswoman said that the individual(s) who hacked its customers' data had stolen credentials from a store vendor, but did not elaborate on which vendor or which credentials were taken.

As the fallout of the data breach continued, on March 6, 2014, Target announced the resignation of its Chief Information Officer and an overhaul of its information security practices. In a further step to restore faith in customers, the company advised that it will look externally for appointments to both the CIO role and a new Chief Compliance Officer role.

On May 5, 2014, Target announced the resignation of its chief executive officer, Gregg Steinhafel. Analysts speculated that the data breach, as well as the financial losses caused by over-aggressive Canadian expansion, contributed to his departure.

2016–2020: Later years
On October 2, 2017, Target announced a new online order service, Drive Up, allowing guests to order merchandise online for pickup outside the store. Guests hit the 'I'm on My Way' button en route to their store. They pull into designated parking spots out front, and soon a Target team member comes out to greet them with their order.

On October 19, 2017, Target announced that they would be opening a small-format store and their first store in Vermont in the University Mall in South Burlington in October 2018. The store replaced the former Bon-Ton (originally Almy's and later Steinbach), which closed in January 2018.

In December 2017, Target announced the corporation's intention to purchase Shipt, an internet-based grocery delivery service, for a reported $550 million (~$ in ). The acquisition is intended to help same-day delivery and to better compete with Amazon. Target announced in February 2018 that it would shift its sales model for compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs to provide them solely on a contingency basis, citing reduced physical media sales in favor of digital downloads and streaming.

In May 2018, according to YouGov ratings, Target was determined to be the most popular department store in America. Target was rated 69% positive opinions by America, and 99% of people have heard of it. Women had a 74% positive opinion towards Target, and men had 65%.

On a weekend in June 2019, at many Target stores in the U.S., "On Saturday ... shoppers experienced a systems outage that shut down the card readers at check-out registers for close to two hours. On Sunday, there were additional spot outages that the company says were unrelated to Saturday's problems."  On social media, the outage was dubbed "The Great Target Outage of '19". Another—although much shorter—checkout register crash happened in 2013, on the same date as the Saturday crash.

In September 2019, Target announced its new rewards program, Target Circle, which would be coming to all Target stores on October 6, 2019. In conjunction, the name of the store's credit and debit card was announced to be changed from "Target REDcard" to "Target RedCard". At its debut, Target Circle allows shoppers to earn 1% back in rewards to use on a future purchase, except when a Target RedCard is used. Target RedCard holders continue to save an instant 5% on their total but now earn votes from a purchase with Target Circle to use on deciding where Target gives its 5% back in the community. The Target Circle rewards program does not use a physical card, but can be used by presenting the Target Wallet in the Target App or entering a mobile phone number at checkout.

On August 25, 2019, Target and the Walt Disney Company announced a partnership to have a Disney Store in several Target locations. The Disney Store at Target locations have a "shop-in-shop" layout with an average square feet of 750. Tru Kids and Target also announced a partnership on October 8, 2019, to relaunch the website of Toys "R" Us Toysrus.com. When a customer goes to Toysrus.com to purchase a product, it is redirected to Target.com to complete the order. The website allows Toys "R" Us to have an online presence after bankruptcy and, at the same time, boosts Target's toy sales.

2020–present

On March 13, 2020, Brian Cornell (CEO) took part in then-President Trump's address on the COVID-19 pandemic. Target, along with competitors Walmart, CVS Pharmacy, and Walgreens, would take part in using their stores for testing of COVID-19. On July 16, 2020, Target joined other major retailers in requiring all customers to wear masks in its U.S. stores. The latest quarter saw a doubling of digitally comparable sales, which included an online order and mobile. This model led to Target becoming a market leader this year, in addition to sales of products that were popularly being purchased at the time, such as home furnishing, food, and a lot of toilet paper.

Also, Target expanded its roster of exclusively owned brands with the addition of Mondo Llama, Favorite Day, and Kindfull. Target launched Ulta Beauty at Target and deepened its partnerships with Disney, Apple, and Levi Strauss & Co. Target Corporation is one of the largest discount retailers in the United States and the world based on sales. The company offers general merchandise that collaborates with many celebrities and companies along with food to their customers.

In March 2022, Target converted its store in Vista, California to an all-renewable energy facility by adding solar carports to the parking lot as a company pilot for the entire chain.

In November 2022, Target blamed the dropping gross margin rate reduction from 28 percent to 24.7 percent in 2022 on shoplifting or "inventory shortage or shrink". The company expects losses due to theft will be $600 million in lost profits in 2022.

References

Target Corporation
Target
History of retail in the United States


title: Douglas Goodfellow

text:
William Douglas Goodfellow  (23 July 1917 – 10 July 2014) was a prominent New Zealand businessman and philanthropist.

In the 1980 New Year Honours, Goodfellow was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the community. In 1994 he topped the NBR annual rich list as New Zealand's wealthiest person. In 2010, Goodfellow was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.

References

External links
The Goodfellow Family at saintkentigern.com

1917 births
2014 deaths
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand philanthropists
New Zealand Officers of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century philanthropists


title: Costilla, New Mexico

text:
Costilla is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 205 as of the 2010 census. Costilla has a post office with ZIP code 87524. State roads 196 and 522 intersect in the community.

History
The village of Costilla was originally known as San Miguel named for its church. The Territory of Colorado was created in 1861, and when the new territory created its 17 original counties, San Miguel was designated the Costilla County, Colorado Territory county seat. Many county residents complained that San Miguel was too far south for convenience, so the Costilla County seat was moved  north to San Luis in 1863. It wasn't until 1869, that the residents of San Miguel, now renamed Costilla, learned that their village was actually located in the New Mexico Territory.

Geography
Costilla is located at . According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of , all land.

Demographics

Education
It is in the Questa Independent Schools school district.

See also
 List of census-designated places in New Mexico

References

External links

Census-designated places in New Mexico
Census-designated places in Taos County, New Mexico


title: 1963 Columbus, Ohio mayoral election

text:
The Columbus mayoral election of 1963 was the 72nd mayoral election in Columbus, Ohio, United States.  It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1963.  Incumbent Republican mayor Ralston Westlake was defeated by Democratic party nominee and former mayor Jack Sensenbrenner.

Further reading

1963 Ohio elections
Mayoral elections in Columbus, Ohio
Columbus


title: La Madera, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

text:
La Madera is a census-designated place in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 154 as of the 2010 census. La Madera has a post office with ZIP Code 87539.

La Madera used to be a thriving lumber town in the 1900’s which since has had a decline in population.

 state routes 111 and 519 intersect in the community.

Geography
La Madera is located at . According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of , all land.

La Madera is a community located in the mountains of northern New Mexico and nestled within the confines of the Kit Carson National Forest. The village is surrounded by many of the existing Hispano communities which populated the area during the 18th and 19th centuries. The topographical layout of the village is consistent with that of many of the small towns and villages of the region: a fertile valley surrounded by high volcanic scarps descending from the surrounding mesas.

History

Sacramental records for the pueblo church at Abiquiu, Province of New Mexico, often referred to a settlement Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de la Cueva. This hamlet probably served as the initial source of settlers that later formed the future village of La Cañada de La Madera approximately two miles due north of this site. At some point in time in the early 1900s, the name of the village of La Cueva was changed to Cañada de La Madera. The first US Post Office was established under the name of La Madera, rumored in order to accommodate postal authorities. The first postmaster, Elias Gallegos, was appointed July 9, 1906. The post office was operated within the mercantile store that Elias Gallegos had previously built.

The settlement's economy changed dramatically by 1912 when the Hallack and Howard Lumber Company of Denver opened a sawmill to provide lumber for the company's western and mid-western clientele. The company built two large logging camps, which served as a source of timber harvested from permitted Federal Government land in the nearby Carson National Forest. Hallack and Howard financed the construction of a narrow gauge rail spur from the La Madera operation to the D&RG Railroad connection at Taos Junction. The cut logs were transported by the company's own locomotives to the rail spur head at Tres Piedras. The lumber company also constructed permanent housing for its employees as well as a primary school and commissary.

Since the settlement of La Cueva, Province of New Mexico, was not a result of a formal land grant with specific assignment of land parcels to original grantees, the analysis of the initial pobadores will be made in a sequential manner starting with the year 1822.

References

Census-designated places in New Mexico
Census-designated places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico


title: Enos, Indiana

text:
Enos is an unincorporated community in McClellan Township, Newton County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
Enos was laid out as a town in 1907.

Geography
Enos is located at .

References

Unincorporated communities in Newton County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana


title: Prime FM

text:
Prime Fm is a radio station in Banepa, Kavre, Nepal. It transmits on 104.5 MHz. It provides news, information and entertainment.

References

External links

Radio stations in Nepal


title: Carnegiella schereri

text:
Carnegiella schereri, a species of freshwater hatchetfish, is native to the Amazon Basin in Peru and Brazil. It is often sold for home aquariums as silver hatchetfish, dwarf hatchetfish, or Scherer's hatchetfish, and grows to about 2.6 centimeters (1 inch).

Named in honor of William G. Scherer, an Evangelical Missionary at Pebas, Peru, who collected the type specimen and shared his collection of fishes from the Peruvian Amazon.

References

Gasteropelecidae
Taxa named by Augustín Fernández-Yépez
Fish described in 1950
Fish of Peru
Fish of Brazil


title: Conrad, Indiana

text:
Conrad is an unincorporated community in Lake Township, Newton County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
Conrad was laid out as a town in 1908 by Jennie M. Conrad. A post office was established at Conrad in 1906, and remained in operation until 1915.

Geography
Conrad is located at .

References

Unincorporated communities in Newton County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana


title: MT3

text:
MT3 may refer to:
 Melatonin receptor 1C
 Metallothionein-3
 Montana Highway 3


title: Equine proximal enteritis

text:
Proximal enteritis, also known as anterior enteritis or duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ), is inflammation of the duodenum and upper jejunum. It produces a functional stasis of the affected intestine (ileus) and hypersecretion of fluid into the lumen of that intestine. This leads to large volumes of gastric reflux, dehydration, low blood pressure, and potentially shock. Although the exact cause is not yet definitively known, proximal enteritis requires considerable supportive care.

Epidemiology
DPJ is most commonly seen in the Southeastern US, although cases have been reported throughout the United States and Canada, as well as sporadically in the United Kingdom and Europe. Horses in the Southeastern US tend to have a more severe form of the disease relative to other locations. Age, breed, and gender appear to have no effect on disease prevalence.

Pathophysiology
The cause of proximal enteritis is not definitively known. Both Salmonella and Clostridial species have been isolated from gastric reflux contents of affected horses. Salmonella has not been consistently found in all horses with DPJ, although one study cultured toxigenic Clostridial species in 100% of affected horses. Other potential causes include Fusarium infection and recent increase in dietary concentrate levels, which can alter the microbial population within the intestinal lumen.

Inflammation of the intestine leads to the secretion of a large amounts of electrolytes, primarily sodium and chloride, into its lumen, resulting in the osmotic movement of water. The production of fluid is thought to be due to active hypersecretion, passive secretion of proteins secondary to damage to epithelium of the mucosa and capillaries, and a functional ileus which prevents removal of this fluid. Massive fluid production results in extensive reflux, usually produced at a rate of 50–100 mL/min, in addition to distention of the proximal small intestine, dehydration, and possible shock secondary to hypovolemia. Proximal enteritis can also occur with inflammation of other organs in the gastrointestinal tract, including gastritis, ileitis, typhlitis, and colitis.

Clinical signs
Signs include acute onset of moderate to severe pain, large volumes of gastric reflux (4–20 L per decompression) which is usually orange-brown and fetid, distended small intestine (up to 5–7 cm in diameter) palpable on rectal examination, fever, depression, increased heart rate (>60 bpm), increased respiratory rate, prolonged CRT, and darkened mucous membranes. After gastric decompression, the horse may show signs of malaise and act lethargic, but pain level usually improves.

Abdominocentesis usually reveals a yellow, turbid fluid with an increased white blood cell count (usually 5,000–10,000 cells/microliter) and protein level (>3.5 g/dl), although the fluid may be serosanginous in severe cases. A chemistry panel will often show electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia) due to electrolyte loss into the lumen of the intestine. Leukocytes may be normal, increased, or decreased. PCV and total protein are usually both increased due to fluid loss, and the horse displays a prerenal azotemia. On the chemistry panel, liver enzymes such as GGT, ALP, AST are increased, likely due to ascending infection from the common bile duct, endotoxin absorption, and hypoperfusion. A metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap is often seen due to loss of bicarbonate in gastric reflux and an increase in lactic acid in the blood, secondary to hypovolemia and decreased tissue perfusion.

Differential diagnoses
It is important to differentiate DPI from small intestinal obstruction, since obstruction may require surgical intervention, but this can at times be difficult. Horses suffering from DPI usually have a higher protein concentration in their peritoneal fluid compared to horses with small intestinal obstruction, often without a concurrent increase in nucleated cell count. They usually have some relief and decrease in pain after gastric decompression, while horses with an obstruction often still act colicky after nasogastric intubation. Distention of the small intestine may be less than what is felt on rectal examination of horses with obstruction, especially after gastric decompression. Horses with DPJ usually produce larger volumes of reflux (usually greater than 48 liters in the first 24 hours) than those with obstruction, and are often pyretic (temperatures of 101.5–102.5) and have alterations in white blood cell levels, while those with obstructions usually have a normal or lower than normal temperature and normal leukocyte levels.

Ultrasound can also be helpful to distinguish DPJ from obstruction. Horses with small intestinal obstruction will usually have an intestinal diameter of −10 cm with a wall thickness of 3–5mm. Horses with proximal enteritis usually have an intestinal diameter that is narrower, but wall thickness is often greater than 6mm, containing a hyperechoic or anechoic fluid, with normal, increased, or decreased peristalsis. However, obstructions that have been present for some time may present with thickened walls and distention of the intestine.

DPJ can only be definitively diagnosed during surgery or at necropsy, when its gross appearance of the small intestine may be evaluated.

Treatment
Proximal enteritis usually is managed medically. This includes nasogastric intubation every 1–2 hours to relieve gastric pressure secondary to reflux, which often produces to 2–10 L, as well as aggressive fluid support to maintain hydration and correct electrolyte imbalances. Maintaining hydration in these patients can be very challenging. In some cases, fluid support may actually increase reflux production, due to the decreased intravascular oncotic pressure from low total protein and albumin levels, leading to loss of much of these IV fluids into the intestinal lumen. These horses will often display dependent edema (edema that collects in locations based on gravity). Colloids such as plasma or Hetastarch may be needed to improve intravascular oncotic pressure, although they can be cost prohibitive for many owners. Reflux levels are monitored closely to help evaluate fluid losses, and horses recovering from DPJ show improved hydration with decreased reflux production and improved attitude.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for pain relief, reduction of inflammation, and for their anti-endotoxin effects, but care must be taken since they may produce gastrointestinal ulceration and damage the kidneys. Due to a suspected link to Clostridial infection, anti-microbials are often administered, usually penicillin or metronidazole. Aminoglycosides should be used with extreme caution due to the risk of nephrotoxicosis (damage to the kidney). The mucosa of the intestines is damaged with DPJ, often resulting in absorption of endotoxin and risking laminitis, so therapy to combat and treat endotoxemia is often employed. This includes treatment with drugs that counteract endotoxin such as Polymyxin B and Bio-Sponge, fluid support, and laminitis prevention such as icing of the feet. Prokinetic drugs such as lidocaine, erythromycin, metoclopramide, and bethanechol are often used to treat the ileus associated with the disease.

Horses are withheld food until reflux returns to less than 1–2 L of production every 4 hours, and gut sounds return, often requiring 3–7 days of therapy. Parenteral nutrition is often provided to horses that are withheld feed for greater than 3–4 days. It is suspected to improve healing and shorten the duration of the illness, since horses often become cachexic due to the protein losing enteropathy associated with this disease.

Surgery may need to be performed to rule out colic with similar presenting signs such as obstruction or strangulation, and in cases that are long-standing (> 7 days) to perform a resection and anastomosis of the diseased bowel. However, some horses have recovered with long-term medical support (up to 20 days).

Complications and survival
Horses may develop pharyngitis, laryngitis, or esophagitis secondary to indwelling nasogastric tube. Other complications include thrombophlebitis, laminitis (which subsequently reduces survival rate), and weight loss. Horses are also at increased risk of hepatic injury.

Survival rates for DPJ are 25–94%. Horses that survive the incident rarely have reoccurrence.

References

Horse diseases


title: Encarsia harrisoni

text:
Encarsia harrisoni is a species of parasitoid wasp native to England.  It was discovered in the playgrounds of Sevenoaks School, and named after David Harrison, chairman of the nearby Harrison Institute.

Only a millimeter long, the species lays its eggs in whiteflies living on maple trees.  With no males having been observed over five years of study, the species is believed to be uniparental.

References

Aphelinidae

Hymenoptera of Europe
Endemic fauna of England
Insects described in 2014


title: Carole Roussopoulos

text:
Carole Roussopoulos (25 May 1945 – 22 October 2009) was a Swiss film director and feminist who was primarily known for her pioneering early documentary films of the Women's liberation movement in France. She made approximately 150 documentaries during the course of her career.

Early life
Carole de Kalbermatten was born 25 May 1945 in Lausanne, Switzerland. She grew up in Sion, Switzerland in the canton of Valais.

Career
In 1969 Roussopoulos and her husband, Paul, created a film collective called Video Out. In 1970, at the urging of her friend the author Jean Genet, she purchased a light-weight Sony Portapak camera and began to make documentaries. It is believed that she is the first woman in France to buy a video camera. That same year she made the documentary film Genet parle d'Angela Davis (known in English as Angela Davis Is at Your Mercy) about the American political activist Angela Davis. During her early career, Roussopoulos also witnessed and filmed key events in the human rights crusades in Paris. For instance, her 1971 film FHAR (Front Homosexuel d'Action Révolutionnaire) documents the very first gay rights parade in Paris.

In 1976 Roussopoulos began collaborating with the French actress Delphine Seyrig. Together they directed the 1976 documentary on women's rights entitled SCUM Manifesto, based on the SCUM Manifesto written by the radical feminist Valerie Solanas. In 1982, Roussopoulos, Seyrig and Ioana Wieder founded the Simone de Beauvoir Audiovisual Center—named after the prominent French feminist author and philosopher—to document the women's rights movement.

In 1995 she moved back to Switzerland to document Swiss subjects that she felt were not receiving enough attention. During this time she made a series of films about healthcare, disease, aging, and death.

Les Insoumuses
Roussopoulos, Seyrig, and translator Ivana Wieder formed the feminist collective video Les Insoumuses in 1975 after meeting at a video-editing workshop that Roussopoulos organized in her apartment. The name, Les Insoumuses, is a neologism combining "insoumise" (disobedient) and "muses." The collective produced several videos together, focusing on representations of women in the media, labour, and reproductive rights.

Select filmography
 LIP (series of six videos, 1973–1976)
 Y'a qua pas baiser (1973)
 Les Prostituées de Lyon parlent (1975)
 Maso et Miso vont en bateau (1975)
 SCUM Manifesto (1976)
 Debout! Une histoire du mouvement de libération des femmes (1999)
 Cinquantenaire du deuxième sexe: 1949-1999 (2001)

Death
Roussopoulos died on 22 October 2009 in Molignon, Switzerland.

Recognition
In 2001 Roussopoulos was named a Knight (or Chevalier) of the Legion of Honor in France for her thirty-two years of service to film.

Legacy
In 2011 the Swiss filmmaker Emmanuelle de Riedmatten made a documentary about Roussopoulos's life called Carole Roussoupolos, une femme à la caméra.

Reference list

Swiss film directors
Swiss women film directors
1945 births
2009 deaths
Swiss feminists
Swiss documentary film directors
Feminist filmmakers
Women documentary filmmakers
People from Sion, Switzerland


title: Shota Iamanidze

text:
Shota Iamanidze () (born 15 March 1937 in Tbilisi; died 15 October 1971 in Tbilisi) was a Georgian and Soviet football player.

Iamanidze died in a car accident at the age of 34.

International career
Iamanidze made his debut for USSR on 13 September 1959 in the game against Bulgaria.

Honours

Player

Club
 Dinamo Tbilisi
 Soviet Top League: 1964
 Soviet Top League bronze medalist: 1959, 1962, 1967

References

External links
  Photo Archive at National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
  Profile at Biographical Dictionary of Georgian Athletes
  Profile at Sportstat.gov.ge
  Profile at Rusteam.Permian.ru
  Profile and Statistics at FootballFacts.ru

1937 births
1971 deaths
Footballers from Tbilisi
Soviet men's footballers
Men's footballers from Georgia (country)
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
Soviet Top League players
Olympic footballers for the Soviet Union
Road incident deaths in the Soviet Union
Men's association football midfielders


title: Gigo (Garbage in Garbage Out)

text:
Gigo (Garbage in Garbage Out), commonly known as The GIGO EP, is an extended play by Nigerian rapper Eva Alordiah. It was released for free digital download on November 20, 2011, by 3UD. The EP features collaborations with Saucekid, Shank, Xvol, Basketmouth, Chigul, Ikechukwu, Sossick, Bigfoot, Gray Jon’z, and Tintin. It comprises nine tracks and was supported by the singles "I Done Did It", "Down Low", "Garbage Out (Your Fada)" and "High".

Background and cover art
In an interview posted on The Nigerian Voice website, Eva described the EP as a project that explores her love for the different types of music she's being infused with. By releasing the EP, she believes she's giving back to society in her own way. In another interview with the Weekly Trust newspaper, Eva said she recorded the EP in order to create different sounds that are true to her image as an artist. She also said she was influenced by several music genres, including rap, afrobeat, dancehall and R&B. The EP's artwork and photography were designed by Ugo Daté and Obi Somto, respectively.

Recording and releases
Eva started working on the The GIGO EP as an independent artist. The Sossick-produced track "I Done Did it" was released as the EP's lead single. In an interview with Halley Bondy of MTV Iggy in 2012, Eva said she was honored to have worked with the aforementioned producers and that she had fun recording the EP.

Eva released the EP's second single "High" in 2012. The music video for the song was  directed by Mex and uploaded to YouTube on May 24, 2012; it premiered on MTV Base that same month. Following the song's release, many people misconstrued its meaning and thought it alluded to drug use and drug abuse. In the aforementioned interview with MTV, Eva said the song is about overcoming the struggles and hardships of life.

In April 2014, Eva released Eva Says, a mini video series that include live performances of songs from the EP.

Track listing

Notes
"—" denotes a skit

Personnel

Elohor Eva Alordiah – primary artist, writer
Sossick – record producer
Bigfoot – record producer
Gray Jon’z – record producer
Tintin – record producer
Saucekid – featured artist, skit
Shank – featured artist
Xvol – featured artist
Ikechukwu – featured artist
Basketmouth – skit
Chigurl – skit
Obi Somto – artwork photographer
Ugo Daté – artwork designer

Release history

References

2011 debut EPs


title: Valerio Conti

text:
Valerio Conti (born 30 March 1993) is an Italian cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam . He has competed in every edition of the Giro d'Italia between 2016 and 2023.

Major results

2010
 3rd Trofeo Città di Ivrea
 4th Overall Tre Ciclistica Bresciana
1st Stage 2
 7th Trofeo Dorigo Porte
2011
 1st Overall Tre Ciclistica Bresciana
1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 3
 1st Trofeo Dorigo Porte
 1st Stage 1 Trofeo Karlsberg
 National Junior Road Championships
2nd Time trial
2nd Road race
 3rd Overall Giro della Lunigiana
 4th Road race, UEC European Junior Road Championships
2013
 3rd Ruota d'Oro
 5th Gran Premio Palio del Recioto
2014
 1st Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli
 6th Japan Cup
 Vuelta a España
Held  after Stages 2 & 4
2015
 Tour of Japan
1st  Points classification
1st Stage 6
 10th Coppa Sabatini
2016
 1st Stage 13 Vuelta a España
2018
 5th Overall Adriatica Ionica Race
2019
 2nd Overall Presidential Tour of Turkey
 4th Overall Vuelta a San Juan
 Giro d'Italia
Held  after Stages 6–11
2020
 1st Trofeo Matteotti
2021
 2nd Giro dell'Appennino
 2nd Gran Premio di Lugano
2023
 5th Overall Tour of Hainan
 9th Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Italian male cyclists
Italian Vuelta a España stage winners
Cyclists from Rome
21st-century Italian people


title: Thea Culley

text:
Thea Culley (born January 2, 1986, in Trail, British Columbia) is a female field hockey player, who played for the Canada national field hockey team as a forward at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Culley represented Canada at the 2015 Pan American Games where the team won a bronze medal.

References

Living people
Canadian female field hockey players
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada
Field hockey people from British Columbia
Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Sportspeople from Trail, British Columbia
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
1986 births
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games


title: Hannah Haughn

text:
Hannah Lynn Haughn (born September 4, 1994, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a female field hockey player, who played for the Canada national field hockey team as a midfielder at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Haughn represented Canada at the 2015 Pan American Games where the team won a bronze medal. She was also a member of the team at the 2019 Pan American Games where they won a silver medal.

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Canadian female field hockey players
Field hockey players from Vancouver
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada
Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Field hockey players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Field hockey players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in field hockey
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Field hockey players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
21st-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian people


title: Elysville, Maryland

text:
Elysville is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Maryland, United States.
A postal stop operated between February 22, 1834, and February 3, 1854.

Industry

A quarry was constructed on the north side of the Patapsco river in the "Limestone Valley". Joseph Evans and Anne Ellicott settled the site building a small mill in the late 18th century.

The Elysville Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1829, by Thomas Ely to manufacture cotton textiles. A mill was built on the northern side of the river at Ben's Branch. In 1831, railroad construction of the B&O started through the area. Ely purchased the Evans property on his death in 1833, with a location on Southern  shore. The mill was funded by $25,000 in stock sales in July 1845 and erected between August 1845 and the spring of 1846. The mill was owned for a period of time by the Okisko Company, before being acquired by the Alberton Manufacturing Company in 1853.  The population was 106 and the mill village was called Alberton at least through the 1870s. The mill changed names to the Sagoman Manufacturing Company, then was then acquired by James S. Gary in 1860, who created still another firm which operated the mill until the 1940s when the C.R. Daniels Company took control.

Transit

In 1853, The Elysville and Canton railroad proposed a rail line through the river valley. In 1877 a stagecoach line was founded with once daily trips to Baltimore for one dollar to compete with rail service charging $1.50.

See also
Daniels Mill (Daniels, Maryland)
Elysville bridges
Bollman Bridge

References

Unincorporated communities in Howard County, Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Maryland


title: Espostoa frutescens

text:
Espostoa frutescens is a plant in the family Cactaceae.

Description

Espostoa frutescens grows as a cactus. The species relies on nectar bats (including Geoffroy's tailless bat) for pollination. To facilitate the bats' echolocation, the plant's flowers are surrounded with a sound-absorbent furry area resulting in stronger flower echoes.

Distribution and habitat
Espostoa frutescens is endemic to Ecuador and confined to Loja, El Oro and Azuay provinces. Its habitat is open areas in dry forests from  to  altitude.

References

Cereeae
Cacti of South America
Endemic flora of Ecuador
Flora of the Andes
Near threatened flora of South America


title: High Priestess (album)

text:
High Priestess is the third studio album from heavy metal ensemble Kobra and the Lotus.  Produced by Grammy Award nominee and songwriter Johnny K, the album was released on June 24, 2014.

Background
The ensemble created fourteen new songs for the album at Groovemaster Recording Studios.  The album made its debut in the CMJ Loud Rock Radio charts in the United States at #4.

Composition
A lyric video was created for "I Am, I Am".  The eighth video by the band, entitled "Soldier" was shot in a vacated mine in British Columbia with director Lisa Mann.  The production features genuine World War II arms and clothing.

Critical reception
The album received praise from Get Your Rock Out writer Michael Dodd who particularly singled out the song 'Willow', calling it "a grippingly addictive highlight". Summing up the record he wrote that "With High Priestess the group can boast a true treasure, an album that is just too fun to not listen to again and again; a real force of awesome metal and one of the most addictive releases of 2014".

Track listing

Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, NYC

Credit

Personnel
Kobra Paige - lead vocals
Griffin Kissack - drums
Jasio Kulakowski - lead/rhythm guitars
Brad Kennedy - bass

Additional personnel
Charlie Reigo - additional guitars on tracks 2 and 7
Elias Bones - additional drums
Jake Dreyer - additional guitars
Matt Dougherty - engineering

References

2014 albums
Kobra and the Lotus albums


title: Charles Frederick Fraser

text:
Sir Charles Frederick Fraser  (born 4 January 1850 in Windsor, Nova Scotia – d. 5 July 1925 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) was the first superintendent (1873-1923) of the Halifax School for the Blind, the first residential school for the blind in Atlantic Canada. He became blind through an accident at age 7 and then went to study at Perkins School for the Blind in Boston. He was a member of the North British Society. He was knighted in 1915.

Blindness
When Fraser was 7 years old, he was whittling a stick with a pocket knife. It slipped and hit his eye. Neither his physician father nor the Boston specialist he consulted was able to repair the damage. Although he attended primary school in Windsor, his eyesight deteriorated steadily, and the sight in his other eye also worsened. At the age of 13, when an operation to create an artificial pupil failed, Fraser was enrolled in the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind in Boston, the first and most famous school for the blind in the United States. By the time he left in 1872 he was completely blind.

Legacy
 Sir Frederick Fraser School

References

Joanna L. Pearce. "Fighting in the Dark: Charles Frederick Fraser and the Halifax Asylum for the Blind, 1850–1915.
 Sir Frederick Fraser – Canadian Biography On Line

1850 births
1925 deaths
Canadian blind people
Canadian activists
Canadian Knights Bachelor
People from Windsor, Nova Scotia
Blind activists
Canadian activists with disabilities


title: Makoto Takahashi

text:
is a male Japanese voice actor from Kanagawa prefecture. He is affiliated with Atomic Monkey. He is a Tokyo Animation University graduate.

Filmography

Anime
2012
Shin Sekai Yori as Bakenezumi
Sword Art Online as Sylph Corps (ep 23)
2014
Lord Marksman and Vanadis as Knight (ep 7); Chamberlain (ep 8); Soldier (eps 11-12)
Magimoji Rurumo as Kōta Shibaki
Wolf Girl and Black Prince as Male Friend (ep 7); Class 2 Boy (ep 9)
2015
The Disappearance of Nagato Yuki-chan as Tennis club member A (ep 5)
The Seven Deadly Sins as Holy Knight C (ep 23)
Triage X as Yasuomi Hachisuka
2016
Haven't You Heard? I'm Sakamoto as Schoolboy (ep 8)
Kiss Him, Not Me as Student
OZMAFIA!! as Judie
2017
Anonymous Noise as Male Student
2019
The Rising of the Shield Hero as Kitamura Motoyasu
Afterlost as Kōta
Kochoki: Wakaki Nobunaga as Sassa Narimasa
2022
The Rising of the Shield Hero 2 as Kitamura Motoyasu

Video Game
2013
Ken ga Kimi as Shiguragi
OZMAFIA!! as Judie
2014
Sword Art Online: Hollow Fragment
Shoumetsu Toshi as Kouta
2016
Ichichimanji Jie Online as Benkei
2021
Guilty Gear Strive as Happy Chaos

TV commercials
Bandai Namco Games (Reading Company title)

Voice Drama
Mairunovich (Vomic) as Ikeda
Kono Oto Tomare! (Vomic)

Stage
Makai Tensei as Servant 2-Dan

Dubbing
West Side Story as Quique (Julius Rubio)

References

External links
Official profile

Living people
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
Male actors from Kanagawa Prefecture
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Japanese male actors


title: Frederick Fraser

text:
Frederick Fraser may refer to:

Frederick Fraser (politician) (1895–1990), politician in the Yukon
Charles Frederick Fraser (1850–1925), Canadian educator
Frederic Charles Fraser (1880–1963), English entomologist


title: Los Ojos, New Mexico

text:
Los Ojos is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 125 as of the 2010 census. Los Ojos has a post office with ZIP code 87551, which opened on February 7, 1877. The community is located near U.S. routes 64 and 84.

Description

Historically, the community has also been known as Park View. Los Ojos was founded in 1860, and a nearby colony, Park View, was established in 1876. A post office was opened in Park View in 1877, but the colony and post office were soon abandoned. The post office was reopened in 1880 in Los Ojos, but the post office kept its original name, Park View. Los Ojos thus came to be referred to on maps as Park View, but in 1971, citizens petitioned to have the name officially changed back to Los Ojos, and the petition was granted in 1972.

Geography
Los Ojos is located at . According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of ;  of its area is land, and  is water.

Demographics

Education
It is within the Chama Valley Independent Schools school district.

See also

 List of census-designated places in New Mexico

References

External links

Census-designated places in New Mexico
Census-designated places in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico


title: Kobra and the Lotus (album)

text:
Kobra and the Lotus is the second studio album by the Canadian heavy metal ensemble of the same name.  Released on August 6, 2012, the album was produced by Kevin Churko.

Background
The album was recorded in early 2011 with producer Julius Butty, who later toured the United Kingdom.  Once the ensemble was signed to Universal Music Group, Kevin Churko had the group create four additional songs, with Churko producing, remixing and remastering the entire work.

Track listing
50 Shades of Evil
Welcome to My Funeral
Forever One
Heaven's Veins
My Life
Nayana
Sanctuary
Lover of the Beloved
No Rest for the Wicked
Aria of Karmika

Personnel
Kobra Paige - lead vocals
Jasio Kulakowski - guitars
Peter Dimov - bass
Lord Griffin Kissack - drums

Additional personnel
Charlie Del Magierowski - additional guitars
Simon Paul - artwork, layout
Darren "Jeter" Magierowski - engineering
Kevin Churko - producer
Julius Butty - producer

References

2012 albums
Kobra and the Lotus albums
Albums produced by Kevin Churko


title: Rosella Rice

text:
Rosella Rice (11 August 1827 – 6 June 1888) was an American author, poet, and lecturer born in Perrysville, Ohio. She was known for her direct and energetic comedy writing, her nature poems, and her vivid descriptions of folklore figure John "Johnny Appleseed" Chapman.

Rice published hundreds of magazine articles over a 40-year career. Her writings appeared in Cleveland and Columbus newspapers, Godey's Lady's Book, Indiana Farmer, Arthur's Home Magazine, Interior, Watchman, Journal and Messenger, Presbyterian Banner, Household, Housekeeper, Little Corporal, The Children's Hour, Toledo Blade, Western Rural and Woman’s Journal.

Rice wrote under her own name as well as multiple pseudonyms that reflected different characters. These included Pipsissiway Potts, who provided tutorials and recipes; Aunt Chatty Brooks, who ran a boarding house for young women; and Mrs. Sam Starkey, an elderly gossip with a sense of humor. She wrote columns from these points of view for Arthur's, "creating fictional characters who inhabited her magazine's stories, and became 'real' to hundreds of readers."

Rice is perhaps best known for writing prose and poetry about her encounters with John "Johnny Appleseed" Chapman, who often visited Perrysville in his later years. Rice later corresponded with Chapman after he moved to Indiana, until his death in 1845. Her accounts of Appleseed were widely published and quoted in nonfiction books and newspapers. Possibly due to Rice's depictions, Appleseed became a hero of American folklore.

Rice also wrote extensively to mythologize the nostalgia of American pioneer life. She was also a public lecturer.

Anna B. Quillin, Rice's editor at Arthur's, described Rice as "witty, humorous, quick to see the ludicrous, pathetic, sympathetic, helpful and at times sarcastic."

Personal life
Rice was born on 11 August 1827 in Green Township, Richland County (now Ashland) to Sarah "Sallie" Johnson and Alexander Rice, second-generation colonists of Perrysville, Ohio. By way of her paternal ancestry, she was a descendant of Edmund Rice, an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony. She lived her entire life in her homestead birthplace. Three of her siblings survived to adulthood; Rosina, Reuben, and Isaac Johnson.

In 1841, Rice's mother Sarah Johnson died and in 1842, her father married Mary Van Scoyoc. Her paternal first cousin Americus V. Rice, also from Perryville, was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and served as a U.S. Congressman.

In 1852, Rice gained access to the railroad, allowing her to take annual trips, that included attending seminars in Chautauqua, New York; mother-daughter trips to Lake Erie and Canada; and to Massachusetts, where her 17th-century family had arrived as colonists. She may have travelled to Philadelphia where many of her articles were published.

Her step-mother Mary Van Scoyoc died in 1854, possibly due to childbirth. Rice moved back to Perrysville that year to raise her stepsisters Russell Bryte and Ida Josephine.

In 1873, Rice served on an awarding committee at the Mansfield State Fair, judging bread and butter. The event was held by the Ohio Agricultural Society.

On September 15, 1882, Rice was part of the group that unveiled the Copus Monument, a mass grave monument built in response to the War of 1812's Copus massacre. A cenotaph to Johnny Appleseed was prominently added to the monument, per Rice's suggestion. His cenotaph reads "Johnny Appleseed died Mar. 11, 1845. Buried near Ft. Wayne, Ind."

Lillie May Rice
Circa 1854, Rice gave birth to Lillie May Rice; the name of the father is not mentioned in sources. Rice was not interested in marriage and declined local men who proposed.

Lillie May Rice studied at Greentown Academy and Granville Female Seminary.

On June 13, 1889, a year after Rice's death, Lillie May Rice married Daniel W. Stahl, a former schoolteacher who began a blackboard business. The couple had three sons: Francis Clark (1891-1971), Russell Eugene (1892-1983), and Wilber Carol (1898-1977). Lillie May Rice Stahl primarily lived in Butler, Ohio, a village in Richland County, Ohio.

In 1917, 29 years after Rice's death, Rice's daughter Lillie May Rice Stahl published a comedic short story titled "The Lord's Sugar Bowl" in The Herald and Presbyter.  Shortly thereafter in February 1919, Daniel Stahl died and was buried at North Liberty, Ohio.  Lillie Mary Rice Stall died at their home in Butler, Ohio, on 7 April 1943 and she was buried with her husband at the North Liberty Cemetery.

Writing and career
In 1840, around the age of 14, Rice's prose and poetry first appeared in newspapers and magazines in Mansfield, Ohio. During that time, she was documenting her interviews of first-generation colonists of Greentown.

In 1845, her writing was first published in the Ohio Cultivator in Columbus. According to Baughman, Rice's writings "were so well received by the public that she soon received remunerative offers from eastern publishers."

In 1849, Rice wrote a humorous article about happiness for the Ohio Cultivator titled "The Light And The Shade." It begins:Oh, I do so weary of these long drawn down faces with the hideous spirit of misanthropy, peering out of the many pairs of blue and gray and blear eyes that one meets with every day abroad in this lovely world of ours. Too bad! too bad! when everything around us is fair, pure and perfect enough to provoke even the criminal and conscience-seared to be glad and happy. Happiness is the cheapest commodity we have. Oh! as cheap as the sunshine is free...Some time before 1854, she moved to Columbus to edit and write for the Cultivator, but she moved back home in 1854 to attend to family.

In 1854, at the age of 27, the Cultivator published her comedic article supporting Bloomer dresses:Every country girl ought to have at least two short dresses and panties [i.e. a knee-length skirt over bloused pantaloons] to match, not to wear to church and make prudes stare, and vulgar boys ‘whew!’ and precise old maids blush, but to wear about home on washing days and muddy weather when their work is not all in doors, and on dewy mornings to milk in, (unless their Pas and brothers are Yankees, bless ‘em!) Why, I’d as soon think of going without my wide check or calico apron in the kitchen as not to have a short dress at all...I am aware many ladies will object to this talk, and if they do, I forbid them holding forth in the Cultivator — so mind!The same year, the Ashland Ohio Union published her comedic poem compiling Ohioan reactions to the first locomotives. Historian Peggy Mershon claims it "pokes fun at the old folks who...weren’t quite prepared for how fast and noisy [trains] were." The poem, titled "The First Whistle Among Our Hills," was published on May 17, 1854; some stanzas included:Pat Wiggs sat eating when he heard a strange humming, "Lord Biddy!" he shrieked, "What on airth’s a-coming!" Clinging to him she gaped with her nerves all a-quake. "Tis the devil," said she, "See! He goes like a sthrake!"

Pa Walter’s the preacher, his sermon sat writing. The spirit within him gave aid in indicting, as deaf as a mallet was his withered old ear. "Ah, Gabriel!" he groaned, "Tis thy trumpet I hear."In 1856, Rice was listed as a delegate by the Ohio State Teachers' Association for both the Ashland and Franklin counties.

In 1859, Rice published her novel Mabel: or, Heart Histories: A Tale of Truth under Follett, Foster & Company of Columbus, Ohio. The book was listed in an 1859 British Publisher's Circular as one of 17 new North American novels, being a "work of interest published abroad."

In 1863, Rice contributed to nonfiction book A History of the Pioneer and Modern Times of Ashland County: From the Earliest to the Present Date by describing her encounters with John "Johnny Appleseed" Chapman, possibly helping to mythologize him with her fantastical descriptions. Her writing was later published in an 1871 Harper's Magazine and used as a significant source of information about Chapman's life. In the 1880s, Rice continued to write about Chapman for national magazines. In 1880, she contributed to Albert Adam Graham's History of Richland County, Ohio, which included a biography of Chapman and descriptions of his appearance. She eulogizes him, writing, "His bruised and bleeding feet now walk the gold-paved streets of the New Jerusalem...[His was] a life full of labor and pain and unselfishness; humble unto self-abnegation; his memory glowing in our hearts, while his deeds live anew every springtime in the fragrance of the apple-blossoms he loved so well." Author Horace S. Knapp thanked and credited her for her contributions.

In 1869, her children's short stories "The Children's Colt," "Mousie and Her Babies," were published in Philadelphia children's magazine The Children's Hour, published by T. S. Arthur & Sons.

In 1860, Rice was featured in William Turner Coggeshall's poetry anthology, The Poets and Poetry of the West: With Biographical and Critical Notices. The anthology included 3 of her poems, one of which was "Spirits of the Wildwood", written in full below:

In 1860, describing Rice, William Turner Coggeshall wrote,Rice is a born poet and has nursed her strange, wild fancies, amid the equally wild hills and glens and rocky caves which she has haunted with a devotion that has amounted to a life passion. Meeting with but few associates who could appreciate the depth of her passion for such communings, her spirit was wont to retire within herself, except when it was called forth by the presence of the sylvan gods among whom she worshiped. Her early contributions to the county papers are marked by her own rude, but genuine original characteristics...Her prose writings always attract attention and secure a wide circulation, from their peculiar original vigor and directness.

In her later years, Rice focused on poetry rather than prose, marking her writing with "her own charming and peculiar individual characteristics."

From 1871 to 1872, she published a series of articles titled "Other People's Windows" to Arthur's under her pen-name, Pipsissiway Potts, which attracted devoted readers.

In the year 1880 alone, multiple of Rice's writings were published in Arthur's under one of her pseudonym characters, Chatty Brooks. These included a comedy story, "Millwood Leaves;" an essay about "Spending-Money for Women;" and an advice article about appearance titled "Home Topics" in which she comedically makes reference to herself in third person as Aunt Chatty.

In 1885, she referenced Susan B. Anthony in her short story, "Affectionate John Baily" published in Arthur's:We laughed a sorry sort of a laugh when we read about Susan B. Anthony teaching school for two dollars a week. We were forcibly reminded of our own school ma'am days. Well, it was a good discipline, and helped to make tough, cheery, heartsome women of us, though it was somewhat like the reason our dear mother user to give for whipping us: "I do it because I love you."In 1887, her gingerbread recipe from the Toledo Blade was praised and published in Dr. Chase's Third, Last, and Complete Receipt Book. Dr. Chase writes, "This recipe is from Mrs. Rosella Rice, quite an extensive writer for the Blade 'Household.' It was given in answer to an inquiry for her gingerbread recipe, which, she says, 'I give with pleasure.' I take pleasure also, in giving it a place, for I know it is good."

Legacy
Rice died of illness in 1888, at the age of 61. Her 1888 obituary in the Mansfield Shield and Banner expresses her reputation in her community:Our town seemed almost paralyzed Wednesday morning, June 6th, when it was told from house to house that Rosella Rice was dead! Her illness had been so brief, and she was so much loved, that the news came to each family like a personal calamity. A sadness was over the entire community, and grief was depicted on every face.The same year, Rice's biography was published in Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, and The Housekeeper magazine described her writings in an in memoriam article. Additionally, her gingerbread recipe reappeared in the 1888 German translation of Dr. Chase's, titled Zum Angedenken.

In 1901, Richland County historian Abraham J. Baughman described Rice as,...a born poet, a child of nature, and loved to roam over the hills and among the forest trees of her native heath and listen to the revels of the winds and commune with the spirits of the wildwood.In 1997, Richland County historian Mary Jane Armstrong Henney published a book compiling Rice's work, biography, and genealogy titled Rosella's Reader: A Collection of Her Stories.

On July 28, 2011, museum curator Peggy Mershon hosted a Rosella Rice program at the Butler-Clear Fork Valley Historical Society Museum that described Rice's life and work. In 2011, Mershon also created a website for Rice, though it is now only accessible through web archives.

In a 2012 article, Lee Cavin attested,[Rice] should be bristling with statues, or at least the bronze plaques done so well by the [Ohio] historical association...I will continue to picture Rice in a cabin full of chattering children, writing with a dip pen, possibly from a bottle of home-made ink, making up names to take the credit for her work.In 2020, Dr. Chase's Receipt Book book was re-published as Dr. Chase's Old-Time Home Remedies by Simon & Schuster, including Rice's gingerbread recipe from the Toledo Blade.

In 2020, the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District unveiled 10 vacation log cabins with optional supplemental packages containing homemade soft drinks. The flavors featured local history, including "Gold Rush Orange" and "Appleseed Vanilla Cream." One of the soda flavors was "Rosella Rice Strawberry" to honor Rice's contributions to Ohio history.

See also

 List of poets from the United States
 Timothy Shay Arthur, creator of Arthur's Home Magazine
 Louisa May Alcott and Harriet Beecher Stowe, contemporaneous American authors of prose and poetry

References

External links
 Rosella Rice website with comprehensive bibliography and many of her works.

1827 births
1888 deaths
Writers from Ohio
American biographers
American magazine writers
People from Perrysville, Ohio
American poets
Romantic poets
American comedy writers
Folklore writers


title: San Cristobal, New Mexico

text:
San Cristobal is a census-designated place in Taos County, New Mexico. Its population was 273 as of the 2010 census. San Cristobal has a post office with ZIP code 87564, which opened on February 16, 1932.

Geography
San Cristobal is located at . According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has an area of , all land.

Demographics

In San Cristobal, New Mexico, the top 5 ethnic groups by percentage are White (Hispanic), White (Non-Hispanic), Other (Hispanic), American Indian & Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic), and Black or African American (Non-Hispanic).

Education
It is within Taos Municipal Schools, which operates Taos High School.

References

Census-designated places in New Mexico
Census-designated places in Taos County, New Mexico


title: A. F. Gallun & Sons

text:
A. F. Gallun & Sons was one of the largest tanneries in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and one of the four largest tanneries in the United States.

History

A. F. Gallun & Sons was founded in 1858 by August F. Gallun, who was part of the old pioneer families of Milwaukee. Gallun had been associated with Trostel and Gallun. Trostel carried on with Albert Trostel & Sons. Gallun's son, Albert F. Gallun eventually took over as president.

The tannery was located near the Milwaukee River in downtown Milwaukee.

Closure

The tannery closed in 1993, citing its inability to keep up with the low cost of Asian competition and their production of cow leather. At the time the tannery was producing calf leather, not cow, and it felt it would not be economical to convert. By the time of its closure, the company was the last major calfskin tanner that supplied shoe manufacturers  in the United States.

Today

Parts of Holton and Water Streets in Milwaukee, Wisconsin are referred to as the Gallun Tannery Historic District and they were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In 2011, a portion of the tannery was razed after a wall collapse. The remainder has been redeveloped and converted into condominiums and apartments.

References

External links

Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1993
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Wisconsin
Manufacturing companies based in Milwaukee
Defunct leather manufacturers
Tanneries
1993 disestablishments in Wisconsin
Manufacturing companies established in 1858
1858 establishments in Wisconsin


title: 2014–15 Sepahan F.C. season

text:
The 2014–15 season was Sepahan's 14th season in the Pro League, and their 21st consecutive season in the top division of Iranian Football and 61st year in existence as a football club. They competed in the Hazfi Cup. Sepahan was captained by Moharram Navidkia.

Players
Last updated on 22 November 2014

Transfers
Last updated on 12 July 2014

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Technical staff

|}

Statistics
Last updated on 30 July 2014

Players performance

Disciplinary record

Clean sheets

Own goals

Overall statistics

Competitions

Overall

Iran Pro League

Standings

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

Hazfi Cup

Friendly Matches

See also
 2015 AFC Champions League
 2014–15 Iran Pro League
 2014–15 Hazfi Cup

References

External links
Iran Premier League Statistics
Persian League

Sepahan S.C. seasons
Sepahan


title: Jakko

text:
Jakko is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Jakko Jakszyk (born 1958), British musician, record producer, and actor
 Jakko Jan Leeuwangh (born 1972), Dutch speed skater

See also
 Jaakko Mäntyjärvi (born 1963), Finnish composer


title: Nessia bipes

text:
Smith's snake skink (Nessia bipes), also known as the two-legged nessia, is a species of skink endemic to island of Sri Lanka.

Habitat & distribution
A burrowing skink from eastern Knuckles Mountain Range. Known localities are few and include Gammaduwa and Matalapitiya.

Description
Midbody scales rows 28. Body slender and equal girth from head to tail. Snout broad and obtuse. Fore limbs absent. Hind limbs  vestigial and appear as buds.
Dorsum brown or light reddish brown, hatchlings are dark gray or black.

Ecology & diet
Hides under rubble, decaying logs and in leaf liter in submontane forests, at elevations of up to 750m. When exposed, they immediately wriggle into loose soil or under rubble. Feeds on insects.

Reproduction
Lay 2-4 eggs in loose soil in March, April, or May.

References
 http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Nessia&species=bipes
 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Nessia_bipes/classification/
 Photos of Smith's Snake Skink

Reptiles of Sri Lanka
Nessia
Reptiles described in 1935
Taxa named by Malcolm Arthur Smith


title: Kirill Startsev

text:
Kirill Borisovich Startsev (; born September 21, 1989) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with PSK Sakhalin of Asia League Ice Hockey (ALIH).

Startsev previously played two games in the Russian Superleague for Avangard Omsk during the 2007–08 Russian Superleague season and two games in the Kontinental Hockey League for Metallurg Novokuznetsk during the 2013–14 KHL season.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Avangard Omsk players
HC Izhstal players
HC Ryazan players
HC Sarov players
Metallurg Novokuznetsk players
PSK Sakhalin players
Rio Grande Valley Killer Bees players
Russian ice hockey left wingers
Zauralie Kurgan players


title: Henry Stewart (politician)

text:
Henry Stewart (10 May 1749 – September 1840) was an Irish politician.

He sat in the House of Commons of Ireland as a Member of Parliament for Longford Borough from 1783 to 1790 and from 1791 to 1799.

References

1749 births
1840 deaths
Irish MPs 1783–1790
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Irish MPs 1798–1800
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Longford constituencies


title: Lyudmyla Balushka

text:
Lyudmyla Balushka (born July 27, 1985 in Lviv) is a female wrestler from Ukraine.

She was educated at the Lviv State University of International Affairs, and the Lviv State School of Physical Culture.

External links
 bio on fila-wrestling.com

Living people
1985 births
Ukrainian female sport wrestlers
Sportspeople from Lviv
World Wrestling Championships medalists
European Wrestling Championships medalists
20th-century Ukrainian women
21st-century Ukrainian women


title: Minsheng Life Insurance

text:
Minsheng Life Insurance Company is one of China's largest insurance companies and one of the six national insurers supervised by China Insurance Regulatory Commission. Its headquarters are in Beijing, China. It provides integrated insurance services, such as life insurance, property insurance and reinsurance.

As of 2012, Minsheng Life employs over 40,000 employees and has established 23 provincial-level subsidiary companies, including Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, Fujian, Liaoning, Sichuan, Henan, Shanghai, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Shanxi etc.

Asset Management

Established in 2012, Minsheng Tonghui Asset Management is a wholly owned subsidiary and operates as the asset management arm of Minsheng Life Insurance. It is one of China's largest asset management companies funded by insurance institutions.

On July 14, 2014, Minsheng Tonghui Asset Management acquired ZheShang Fund Management Co., Ltd, helping Minsheng Life to become the second insurance company in China  to enter the field of mutual funds since the promulgation of the measure on piloting the establishment of fund management arms by insurance institutions in 2013.

References

Companies based in Beijing
Financial services companies established in 2003
Life insurance companies of China
Chinese brands
China Minsheng Bank


title: Ivan Gavrilenko

text:
Ivan Gavrilenko (born June 5, 1992) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays with Yuzhny Ural Orsk of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Gavrilenko made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing with Metallurg Novokuznetsk during the 2013–14 KHL season.

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Admiral Vladivostok players
Metallurg Novokuznetsk players
Russian ice hockey defencemen
HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
Ice hockey people from Magnitogorsk