title: H. J. Grasett

text:
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry James Grasett  (June 18, 1847 – September 30, 1930) was a Canadian army and militia officer who served as a Toronto police chief. He is the longest-serving police chief in the history of the Toronto Police, having served for 34 years from 1886 to 1920 as chief constable.

Life and career

Early life
Grasett was the third son of the Reverend Henry James Grasett, the Rector of St. James Cathedral in Toronto, and Sarah Maria Stewart. He was educated at a Toronto private school and at Leamington College for Boys in England.

Military service
At 19, he returned to Canada and joined the Canadian Militia. He fought on the Niagara Peninsula during the Fenian raid of 1866 with the 2nd Battalion, Volunteer Militia Rifles of Toronto, In 1867, he joined the British Army serving as an ensign with 100th (Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian) Regiment of Foot in Canada and England and rose to the rank of lieutenant by the time he retired to Toronto in 1875, where he became a partner in a firm of shipping and commission merchants. In 1885, he was given the rank of lieutenant colonel in the militia and put in command of the 10th Battalion Royal Grenadiers which fought in several battles during the North-West Rebellion of 1885.

Toronto Police
On December 1, 1886, Grasett was appointed Chief Constable of Toronto. During his command of the Toronto Police he saw the force grow from 172 to 662 men. Under Grasett, the police remained largely British and Protestant in composition. Patrolmen were armed for the first time under Grasett. He also oversaw innovations such as the institution of an electric call box and signal system, patrol wagons, bicycles, motorcycles and ultimately police cars and also reorganized the morality squad and department of detectives.  Training and promotion was modelled on the military.

Grasett served as vice-president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police in 1902 and as president of the Chief Constables' Association of Canada in 1906.

Unlike previous Toronto chief constables, Grasett largely refrained from making controversial public statements except during World War I when he spoke out against foreigners in Toronto and banned outdoor anti-conscription meetings. He was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George in 1916 for his contributions to the war effort.

In 1918, dissatisfied with wages, discipline and work conditions, Toronto police constables unionized, joined the Toronto Trades and Labour Council, and went on strike. At the provincial commission that was created to investigate the unrest, Grasett expressed his opposition to one of the union's key demands, promotion by seniority.

Grasett retired as chief constable in 1920, at the age of 73. He died of pneumonia at his home in 1930 and was buried in St James' Cemetery. He was survived by his widow Alice Katherine Parke, who he had married in 1887 in Brompton, London. Alice Katherine was a great-niece of Charles Parke, a Deputy Lieutenant of Dorset in England. They had no children.

References

1847 births
1930 deaths
Toronto police chiefs
Canadian Army officers
Canadian Militia officers
Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Deaths from pneumonia in Ontario
Burials at St. James Cemetery, Toronto
Queen's Own Rifles of Canada officers
Royal Regiment of Canada
Royal Regiment of Canada officers


title: James Knowles III

text:
James Wallace Knowles III (born July 20, 1979) is an American politician who served as the 11th Mayor of the city of Ferguson, Missouri, from April 2011 to June 2020.

Early life and education
Knowles received bachelor's degrees in political science and criminal justice from Truman State University in Kirksville, Missouri in 2002. He graduated from the University of Missouri–St. Louis in 2008 with a master's degree in public policy administration.

Career
Knowles is a former chairman of the Missouri Young Republicans. Knowles was a staff member for former Missouri state Senator and Democrat Ted House. He is a former employee of the Ferguson Police Department, serving nearly four years in the department's communications division.

Knowles served on the Ferguson city council prior to becoming mayor. Knowles was elected mayor in the nonpartisan election on April 5, 2011, winning 49% of the vote. He defeated two challengers, Pearce Neikirk, a realtor, and former Ferguson mayor Steve Wegert. Voter turnout for the April 2014 mayoral election was extremely low at just 12 percent. Knowles publicly expressed disappointment with the low voter turnout at an April 2014 city council meeting.

Mayor of Ferguson
Knowles became the youngest mayor in Ferguson's history when he took office at the age of 31. He was also believed to be one of youngest mayors in Missouri at the time.
Knowles has defended the Ferguson Police Department in the aftermath of the shooting of Michael Brown in August 2014. He denied that Ferguson had a history of racism in an interview with MSNBC in 2014. An effort to recall Knowles was filed with the city on March 13, 2015. Knowles was re-elected mayor on April 4, 2017, with 57% of the vote.

Knowles was unable to run for re-election in 2020 due to term limits. He was succeeded by Ella Jones, the first black mayor of Ferguson in the city's history.

Electoral history

References

External links
 City of Ferguson website

Living people
1979 births
Missouri city council members
Missouri Republicans
Truman State University alumni
People from St. Louis County, Missouri
University of Missouri–St. Louis alumni
Mayor
Mayors of places in Missouri


title: 4th Home Counties Brigade, Royal Field Artillery

text:
The IV Home Counties (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery was a new volunteer unit formed in Kent as part of the Territorial Force (TF) in 1908. It saw active service on the Western Front during World War I and was reconstituted as medium artillery in the interwar years. Later it converted to anti-aircraft artillery, in which role it served in The Blitz, North Africa and Italy during World War II and continued under various designations until its disbandment in 1969.

Origin
IV Home Counties Brigade was a volunteer unit of the Royal Field Artillery raised at Erith to provide Howitzer support to the TF's Home Counties Division. It had the following composition:
 4th Kent (Howitzer) Battery
 5th Kent (Howitzer) Battery
 4th Home Counties (Howitzer) Ammunition Column

World War I
On the outbreak of World War I, most of the Home Counties Division was sent to Gibraltar and India to relieve Regular troops for service in Europe. However, the howitzer brigade did not accompany the division; instead it was posted to the 27th Division forming at Winchester from these troops returned from India. The brigade (without guns) provided the Divisional Ammunition Column and embarked for France on 21 December 1914. During 1915 the 27th Division was engaged in the Battle of St Eloi (14–15 March) and the Second Battle of Ypres (22 April–25 May).

On 3 August 1914, TF units were authorised to raise 2nd Line units composed of men ineligible for overseas service and new recruits. Units forming the 2nd Home Counties Division (later numbered 67th) began to gather, and the 2nd/IV Home Counties Bde formed at Erith, though it had no guns or ammunition. However, in June 1915 the 1st/IV Home Counties Bde returned to England from France and joined the new division.

By the end of 1915 the 67th Division was still not fully trained or equipped, and on 22 December the 1st/IV Bde left the division to prepare for overseas service independently. The following day the 2nd/IV Bde joined the division, based at Seal, Kent. At the end of January 1916, the 1st/IV handed over its eight obsolete 5-inch howitzers to 2nd/IV, and received new 4.5-inch howitzers in their place. On 10 March it disembarked at Le Havre and joined the British Expeditionary Force's Fourth Army.

On 9 June 1916, the brigade joined 63rd (Royal Naval) Division, which had recently arrived in France from the Mediterranean and had no artillery. At the end of the month the brigade was renumbered as 223rd or CCXXIII (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery. The two batteries (1/4th Kent and 1/5th Kent) became A (H) Battery and B (H) Battery. However, they were immediately reassigned so that the rest of the divisional artillery brigades (from the disbanded 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division) each had a howitzer battery, while the brigade ammunition column was absorbed into 63rd Divisional Ammunition Column. A Battery went to CCCXVIII Bde, which adopted the number CCXXIII Bde. Henceforth the brigade comprised three six-gun 18-pounder batteries (A, B and C) from the North of England and D (H) Battery (formerly 1/4th Kent (H) Bty), which was later joined by half of 2/4th Durham (H) Bty to make it up to six guns. In this composite form the brigade served with 63rd Division for the rest of the war, participating in the final phase of the Battle of the Somme (November 1916), the Battle of Arras (April 1917), the final phases of the Battle of Passchendaele (November–December 1917), the German spring offensive (March–April 1918) and the final Hundred Days Offensive (August–November 1918).

In May 1916, 2nd/IV Home Counties Bde was numbered 338th or CCCXXXVIII (Howitzer) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery, but during the year it too was broken up, its two batteries being reassigned to CCCXXXV and CCCXXXVI (formerly 2nd/I and 2nd/II Home Counties) brigades. These brigades never went overseas but remained in the UK, supplying drafts to frontline units.

Interwar years

52nd (Kent) Medium Brigade, RGA
The 63rd Division was demobilised in early 1919 and CCXXIII Brigade went into suspended animation. The unit was reformed on 7 February 1920 as a medium artillery brigade in the Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA), initially numbered 13th, but with the re-establishment of the TF as the Territorial Army in 1921, the unt was re-designated 52nd (Kent) Medium Brigade, RGA with the following composition:
 HQ at Erith
 205 (Chatham and Faversham) Medium Battery at Sittingbourne – formerly Home Counties (Kent) Heavy Battery, RGA
 206 (Erith) Medium Battery (Howitzer) – formerly 4th Kent Battery
 207 (Erith) Medium Battery (Howitzer) – formerly 5th Kent Battery
 208 (Bromley) Medium Battery (Howitzer) at Penge – formerly Kent Cyclist Battalion

On 1 Jun 1924 the RFA and RGA were subsumed into the Royal Artillery (RA).

58th (Kent) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, RA
In 1935, the unit was one of a number of medium artillery units selected for conversion to the Anti-Aircraft (AA) role as 58th (Kent) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, RA, and was assigned to 28th (Thames and Medway) Anti-Aircraft Group of 1st Anti-Aircraft Division. In April the following year, 205 Battery was transferred to the smaller 55th (Kent) Anti-Aircraft Brigade, RA based at Rochester. When the TA was augmented at the time of the Munich Crisis, a new 264 Battery was raised on 1 October 1938 within 58th AA Bde at Dartford. On 1 January 1939 the RA redesignated its 'brigades' as 'regiment'.

In May 1939 a new 6th AA Division was formed within Anti-Aircraft Command for the air defence of  the Thames Estuary, Kent and Essex, and the 28th (Thames and Medway) AA Brigade and its units transferred to the new formation. 28th AA Bde was responsible for the 'Thames South' layout of gun sites. This organisation was in place when war broke out in September 1939.

World War II

Phoney War
Opportunities for action were rare during the Phoney War, but on the night of 22/23 November 1939 the HAA guns of 28 AA Bde manning the 'Thames South' layout combined with those of 37 AA Bde on the other bank of the river ('Thames North') to engage at least two enemy mine-laying aircraft that had strayed into the mouth of the Estuary. One wrecked aircraft was found on the marshes and credited to 206 Bty of 58th HAA Rgt at Allhallows, Kent.

On 1 June 1940, along with other AA units equipped with older 3-inch, newer 3.7-inch, or 4.5-inch AA guns, the 58th was designated a Heavy AA Regiment.

Battle of Britain
The regiment was heavily engaged throughout the Battle of Britain defending the Medway Towns against German bombers. On 18 August, for example, German air raids appeared over RAF airfields at West Malling, Manston, Kenley, Biggin Hill, Gravesend and the town of Sevenoaks, all within four and a half hours in the afternoon. All the gunsites of Thames South and its neighbours were in action and accounted for 23 enemy aircraft. Four days later a mass raid flew up the Thames Estuary to attack RAF Hornchurch on the Essex shore: the raid was broken up by the guns, and then the fighters of No. 11 Group RAF attacked. Follow-up raids were marked for the fighters by 'pointer' rounds of HAA fire. On 1 September over 200 aircraft attacked Maidstone, Biggin Hill, Kenley and Chatham: in joint action with the fighters, the guns broke up the formations and shot down four aircraft, but the airfields at Biggin Hill and Kenley were badly hit. Next day a mass raid arrived over the Medway and flew up the Thames towards Hornchurch. They came under heavy fire from the 3.7s and 4.5s and 15 were shot down before the fighters took over. On 7 September heavy raids up the estuary attacked oil wharves at Thameshaven, Tilbury Docks and Woolwich Arsenal: a total of 25 aircraft were destroyed by AA guns and fighters. On 15 September, remembered as the zenith of the battle, the guns were in prolonged combat, especially with aircraft over Chatham in the morning, and again in the afternoon.

The Blitz

After 15 September the intensity of Luftwaffe day raids declined rapidly, and it began a prolonged night bombing campaign over London and industrial towns (The Blitz). This meant that the gunsites of 'Thames South' were in action night after night as the bomber streams approached the London Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ). This period of intense activity lasted until May 1941, but occasional raids kept the AA defences on high alert.

On 12 July 1941 the experienced 206 (Erith) HAA Bty transferred to 60th (City of London) HAA Rgt. The regiment sent a cadre to 206th HAA Training Rgt, Arborfield, to provide the basis for a new 419 HAA Bty; this was formed on 10 April 1941 and joined the regiment on 7 July 1941 to replace 206 HAA Bty. The regiment later provided the cadre for 474 HAA Bty formed on 4 September 1941 at 207th HAA Training Rgt, Devizes, which joined 138th HAA Rgt. In the autumn of 1941 the regiment left 28 AA Bde and joined 5 AA Bde in 9th AA Division covering South West England, while 419 Bty joined 474 HAA Bty at 138th HAA Rgt in 9th AA Division on 17 December 1941.

By May 1942 the regiment had transferred again, to 44th AA Bde in 4th AA Division in Manchester. However, that month the regiment left AA Command and prepared to go overseas as a mobile unit.

In September 1942, 58th (Kent) HAA Rgt joined First Army with the following composition:
 207 (Erith) HAA Bty
 208 (Bromley) HAA Bty
 264 (Dartford) HAA Bty
 58 HAA Rgt Signal Section, Royal Corps of Signals
 58 HAA Workshop Section, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
 58 HAA Rgt Platoon, Royal Army Service Corps

North Africa

58th HAA Rgt was selected for the landings in North Africa in November 1942 (Operation Torch) with First Army. Two batteries formed part of 22 AA Bde, regarded as the best trained in mobile operations and amphibious warfare. They were equipped with the older 3-inch 20 cwt gun on a modernised trailer, rather than the newer 3.7-inch. This was because the lighter 3-inch was easier and quicker to deploy in the rough country anticipated for the campaign. After sailing from the River Clyde they were landed on the coast of Algeria as infantry in the first  flight of landing craft on 8 November, to be followed later by their heavy equipment. After the initial fighting, 22 AA Bde accompanied the leading elements of First Army on their long march eastwards, while 58th's batteries remained at Algiers to unload their guns and equipment and take up positions around the harbour and airfields. There was congestion at the docks, and AA guns had been given low priority in loading the supply ships, so the regiment could get only four guns into action by 10 November, eight more on the 11th, and four more on the 12th, during which time the port and airfields were under air attack. Follow-up elements of the regiment were lost when the liner Cathay was sunk on 11 November, and more men were lost in other convoys.

Axis air command reacted quickly to the Allied invasion. As the AA troops moved into their positions they were dive-bombed in the open, particularly at Djidjelli airfield. One troop of 207th Bty and a troop of 45th LAA Rgt rapidly organised barrages in close defence, so effectively that three enemy aircraft were destroyed and the gun positions survived. There was a repeated attack, by Junkers Ju 87s and Ju 88s flying at 5000–6000 feet, on 22 November, which lasted two hours. The harbour at Bône became the most heavily attacked target in North Africa, and a troop of 58th HAA was sent to reinforce the AA defences there. On 21 November they fought raids by Ju88s, which set buildings and stores ablaze, and destroyed the AA units' small number of vehicles.

During the next few weeks, AA defences for the Algiers area were built up into an integrated joint-service organisation, with the RAF installing early-warning radar and an operations room, and US Army AA Artillery units acquiring operational experience alongside British units. As the build-up continued, 22 AA Bde could be released from commitments in the rear areas and assigned to airfield defence for No. 242 Group RAF. By January 1943, 58 HAA Rgt had a troop at Souk-el-Khemis Airfield, another at Souk-el-Arba Airfield and railhead, and a battery defending the port of Bougies under 52 AA Bde, while the third battery was supporting the advance of V Corps. Later the battery from Bougies was released and the airfield defences raised to a battery apiece by March. In the final phase of the Tunisian Campaign (Operation Vulcan), 58 HAA came under 52 AA Bde as part of a mobile AA reserve ready to move up to Bizerta and Tunis immediately behind the battle groups. Some AA guns were deployed 'protecting' dummy armour assembly positions to deceive the enemy. As the Allies moved into Bizerta on 7 May the AA advance parties came under shellfire from the remaining enemy outside the town. The campaign ended on 12 May 1943, with 58th HAA Rgt claiming to have shot down 37 enemy aircraft during its course. Most of the AA units then settled down in defence and training for forthcoming operations.

Pantellaria
In the words of the Regimental Historian, 'One unit however, had only a short respite from new duties; 58th HAA Regiment, which had taken part in the original landing, was withdrawn from Bizerta, soon after it arrived there, to join a force for the invasion of Pantellaria'. An amphibious assault (Operation Corkscrew) on the Italian island lying between Tunisia and Sicily was accomplished on 11 June 1943. 207th HAA Battery embarked in landing craft on the night of 12/13 June, followed by its guns, 264th HAA Bty embarked on 14 June and RHQ and 208th Bty the following day. The batteries deployed and a regimental Gun Operations Room (GOR) was set up, fed by gun-laying GL radar sets. Enemy air attacks mounted from Sicily lasted for about two weeks after the invasion during which time 58th HAA fought a number of actions and brought down three enemy aircraft. 'The unit was then able to stand down and rest at its own island rest camp'.

Italy
58th HAA Regiment was not involved in the invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky), but rejoined 22 AA Bde in mainland Italy in late October 1943 to take over the air defence of Naples. The defended area over the port, the anchorages and adjacent airfields was declared an Inner Artillery Zone (IAZ), giving AA guns priority over fighters at night. The problem of radar coverage of the Bay of Naples was partly solved when the new centimetric Mk. III GL radar became available. Luftwaffe raids over the city were frequent and heavy during November.

The deployment at Naples turned into a long-term commitment. Heavy air raids resumed in March 1944, after which they progressively declined, and AA defence strength was also reduced, though 58th HAA Rgt remained there until the end of the war in Europe. 58th HAA Rgt with 207, 208 and 264 HAA Btys was placed in suspended animation on 15 December 1945.

Postwar
The regiment was reconstituted in the TA on 1 January 1947 as 458 (Kent) (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA (TA) ('Mixed' indicating that it included members of the Women's Royal Army Corps). The regimental HQ was now at Sidcup, and it was attached to 54 AA Bde (the old 28th (Thames and Medway) AA Bde) until that formation was disbanded the following year.

AA Command was disbanded in 1955 and there was a considerable reduction in AA units: 458 HAA was amalgamated with 564 (Mixed) Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight Regiment and 608 (Kent) (Mixed) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment to form a new 458 (Kent) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA (TA) with the following organisation:
 RHQ Battery – from 608 Regiment
 P Battery – from 458 Regiment
 Q Battery – from 564 Regiment
 R Battery – from 564 Regiment
 S Battery – from 608 Regiment
The regiment formed part of 30th Anti-Aircraft Brigade, a TA formations whose headquarters was at Edenbridge, Kent.

In 1961, 458 Regiment (less one battery that merged into 211 (Thames & Medway) Field Squadron, Royal Engineers) amalgamated with 265 LAA and 570 LAA regiments, forming P (Kent) Battery in a  new 265 LAA Regiment. Further reorganisation saw P (Kent) Battery, representing the whole of 265 Regiment, absorbed into a new London and Kent Regiment (TA), but when this was reduced to a cadre in 1969 the 4th Home Counties lineage disappeared.

Successor units still occupy Grove Park and Bexleyheath drill-halls, as 265 (Home Counties) Battery, 106th (Yeomanry) Regiment, Royal Artillery and 265 (Kent and County of London Yeomanry) Support Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. Both units strive to continue and maintain the traditions and history of their predecessor Regiments.

Regimental silver is held in trust and displayed within The Army Reserve Centre, Baring Road, Grove Park, London SE12 0BH. This can be viewed at by prior appointment.

Honorary Colonels
 Col W.C. Hale, OBE, MC, TD, appointed 4 August 1937

Notes

References
 Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 1: The Regular British Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1934/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
 Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
 Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
 Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, .
 Cyril Bristow, History of The Kent Cyclist Battalion, Territorial Force, 1908–1920, Hildenborough, Kent: Kent Cyclist Battalions' Old Comrades & Sons Association, 1986.
 Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, .
 J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, .

 Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, .
 Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, .
 Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army, London: War Office, 7 November 1927(RA sections also summarised in Litchfield, Appendix IV).

Online sources
 British Army units from 1945 on
 British Military History
 Orders of Battle at Patriot Files
 Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org - archive site)
 Royal Artillery 1939–1945

Military units and formations established in 1908
Military units and formations in Kent
Home Counties
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
1908 establishments in England
Home Counties
1908 establishments in the United Kingdom


title: Allahverdi Dehghani

text:
Allahverdi Dehghani (; born 1968) is an Iranian politician.

Dehghani was born in Varzaqan, East Azerbaijan. He is a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Varzaqan. and member of Iran-Turkey Friendship society. Dehghani won with 17,575 (55.21%) votes.

References

People from East Azerbaijan Province
Deputies of Varzaqan
Living people
1968 births
Members of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly


title: Chadibe

text:
Chadibe is a village in the Central District (Botswana) of Botswana. The population was 4,939 in 2011.

See also
 Mathangwane Village

References

Populated places in Central District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


title: 2014 SCO summit

text:
The 2014 SCO summit  was the 13th annual summit of heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held between 11 and 12 September in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Security was among the top issues for 13th annual summit and all members during the last meeting reached a consensus on fighting against separatism, extremism and terrorism, as well as on safeguarding regional peace and security therefore Afghanistan will be focal point during talks in Dushanbe, claim some diplomats of member countries.

Background
In the build-up to the summit, a foreign ministers meeting was held on 30 July. It was hosted by Sirodjidin Aslov and was also attended by Secretary-General Dmitry Mezentsev of Russia. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov offered assistance in stabilising the border with Afghanistan. In the final communique, Aslov said:At the meeting we approved the draft resolution of the Council of Heads of State 'On the SCO Draft Development Strategy until 2025,' which will determine the guidelines for future interaction and improve our action efficiency. The current meeting’s peculiarity is that the work on the coordination and preparation of legal documents on the admission of new members is actually on the homestretch. The delegations' heads have approved draft procedures for the granting of SCO member status and a new version of the model memorandum on the obligations of applicant states, seeking the SCO member state status.

Military exercises will commence on 24 August, scheduled to be the biggest in 10 years. A joint anti-terrorist drill was also held in China from 24 to 29 August with about 7,000 troops including over 200 Tajiks, over 480 Kyrgyz who were the first to arrive. By 12, August, over 1,000 non-Chinese soldiers and officers were headed to Inner Mongolia via road, rail and air. There were also 12 Russian aircraft in the exercise.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also visited Dushanbe about a month before the summit, as did Uzbek Foreign Minister Abdulaziz Kamilov. The corresponding heads of government meeting will take place in December in Astana, Kazakhstan.

Attending delegations
The heads of state of the six countries participated in the summit.

The other state delegations are led by:

Agenda
India, Iran, Pakistan and Mongolia were due to become a full member at the 11–12 September summit, thereby upgrading their observer member status. The decision was made at the foreign ministers meeting earlier in the year. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was told of China acceptance of expansion at the 6th BRICS summit.

References

External links
Official Website

Diplomatic conferences in Tajikistan
21st-century diplomatic conferences (Asia-Pacific)
2014 in Tajikistan
2014 in international relations
2014 conferences
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summits
Dushanbe
21st century in Dushanbe
September 2014 events in Asia


title: Neil Rautenbach

text:
Neil Rautenbach (born 17 May 1991 in Cape Town, South Africa) is a Namibian South African-born rugby union player for the  in the Currie Cup and the Rugby Challenge. His regular position is hooker.

Career

Youth and Varsity Cup rugby

He represented Western Province at high school level, playing for their Under-16 side at the Grant Khomo Week in 2007 and for their Under-18 Craven Week side in 2009. He joined their academy and played for the  side in the 2010 Under-19 Provincial Championship and for the  side in the 2011 and 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championships.

He also played Varsity Cup rugby for the  since 2011, winning the competition with them twice in 2011 (during which he made just one appearance, but was named on the bench for the final) and 2014, when he made nine appearances and played the first 72 of the final as they secured a dramatic 39–33 comeback victory.

Western Province

He made his first class debut in the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition, starting their quarter-final match against the  in Nelspruit. That turned out to be his only appearance in the competition, as  lost 13–8.

He was included in their squad for the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division and named on the bench for their Round Two clash against the .

Free State Cheetahs

Rautenbach signed a contract to join the  from 1 July 2015.

Representative rugby

In October 2014, Rautenbach was called up to the n national team for the first time prior to their end-of-year tour to Europe.

References

South African rugby union players
Living people
1991 births
Rugby union players from Cape Town
Rugby union hookers
Western Province (rugby union) players


title: Charles Tator

text:
Charles H. Tator  (born August 24, 1936) is a Canadian physician.

Born in Toronto, he studied medicine at the University of Toronto. He interned at the Toronto General Hospital and returned to graduate studies in the neuropathology division at the University of Toronto, completing an MA and PhD and continuing his training in neurosurgery. In 1969, Tator became a fellow in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in Neurosurgery. In the same year, he became an assistant professor at the university and he became a Professor in 1980. He was head of the neurosurgery division at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and served as director of the Toronto Hospital Neurosciences Centre from 1983 to 1988. From 1990 to 1999, he was associate director of the Playfair Neuroscience Unit at the Toronto Hospital and he was chairman of the neurosurgery division at the University of Toronto from 1989 to 1999.

Tator's primary area of research was spinal cord injury, including injury prevention, especially in sports and recreation, and treatment. In 1992 he founded Think First Canada/Penser d'Abord, an injury prevention foundation, and served as its president until 2007. In July 2012, Think First Canada/Penser d'Abord was amalgamated with three other organizations (Safe Communities Canada, Safe Kids Canada and SMARTRISK), to form Parachute, a national, charitable organization. Tator has been a member of Parachute's Board of Directors since its inception. 2013, he published Concussions and their consequences: current diagnosis, management and prevention.

Tator was awarded on October 21, 1999 and invested on April 26, 2000 as a Member of the Order of Canada. He was awarded on November 18, 2016 and invested on November 17, 2017 with a promotion within the order, to Officer of the Order of Canada. He was named to the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame in 2009. In 2003, he was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame. On November 9, 2017, Tator was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. He received the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2020.

References

1936 births
Living people
Canadian Disability Hall of Fame
Canadian neurosurgeons
Members of the Order of Canada
Order of Hockey in Canada recipients
Physicians from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto


title: Given-When-Then

text:
Given-When-Then (GWT) is a semi-structured way to write down test cases. They can either be tested manually or automated as browser tests with tools like Selenium and Cucumber.

It derives its name from the three clauses used, which start with the words given, when and then. Given describes the preconditions and initial state before the start of a test and allows for any pre-test setup that may occur. When describes actions taken by a user during a test. Then describes the outcome resulting from actions taken in the when clause.

The Given-When-Then was proposed by Dan North in 2006, as part of behavior-driven development.

See also
 Acceptance test-driven development
 Acceptance testing
 Behavior-driven development
 Cucumber syntax
 Hoare triple

References

Software testing


title: Lakeview, Louisiana

text:
Lakeview is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 948.

It is located on the north shore of Cross Lake  northwest of downtown Shreveport. It is bordered by the city limits of Shreveport to the north, east, and south.

Demographics

References

Census-designated places in Caddo Parish, Louisiana
Census-designated places in Louisiana
Populated places in Ark-La-Tex
Unincorporated communities in Shreveport – Bossier City metropolitan area


title: Spain women's national squash team

text:
The Spain women's national squash team represents Spain in international squash team competitions, and is governed by the Real Federación Española de Squash.

Current team
 Xisela Aranda Núñez
 Cristina Gómez
 Marta Latorre Ramirez
 Marina De Juan Gallach

Results

World Team Squash Championships

References

See also
 Spanish Squash Federation
 Spain men's national squash team
 World Team Squash Championships

Squash teams
Women's national squash teams
Squash
Squash in Spain


title: Gholam Hosein Shiri Aliabad

text:
Gholam Hosein Shiri Aliabad (; 30 April 1961 – 3 August 2021) was an Iranian politician.

Biography

Shiri Aliabad was born in Hashtrud, East Azerbaijan. He was a member of the 2012 Iranian legislative election Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Hashtrud and Charuymaq, and member of Iran-Turkey Friendship society. Shiri Aliabad won with 25,775 (50.36%) votes.

Aliabhad died from COVID-19 in August 2021.

References

1961 births
2021 deaths
People from East Azerbaijan Province
Deputies of Hashtrud and Charuymaq
Iranian economists
Tarbiat Modares University alumni
Members of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran


title: Yvelines's 1st constituency

text:
The 1st constituency of Yvelines is a French legislative constituency in the Yvelines département.

Description
The 1st constituency of Yvelines includes most of the historic royal city of Versailles.

Politically the seat has been a stronghold of the right since its creation in 1968. In its entire history it has only been represented by four men. Its first deputy Bernard Destremau was a noted tennis player and diplomat.

Historic representation

Election results

2022

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2017

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2012

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2007

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2002

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1997

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Sources
Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

1


title: 2014–15 Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey season

text:
The Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey program represented Clarkson University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season. The Golden Knights entered the season as the defending ECAC regular season and national champions.

The Golden Knights successfully defended a share of their conference regular season championship with a win over co-champion Harvard on the last day of the season. They were then defeated in the ECAC semifinals by Cornell. Despite this, they still earned their third straight at-large bid to the NCAA tournament, where they were defeated in the quarterfinals by Boston College.

Offseason

Coaching changes
Both co-head coach Shannon Desrosiers and assistant coach Matt Kelly departed in the offseason, leaving Shannon's husband Matt Desrosiers as sole head coach and as the only coach on the staff. To replace the departed coaches, Britni Smith, a former standout at St. Lawrence, and Meghan Duggan, a former standout at Wisconsin and a member of the United States national team, were hired as assistant coaches.

Recruiting

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| ECAC Hockey Tournament

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| NCAA Tournament

Awards and honors

 Erin Ambrose – Patty Kazmaier Award nominee, ECAC Hockey Third Team All-Star, ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (10/5, 1/13), Nutmeg Classic All-Tournament Team, ECAC Hockey Preseason All-League Team
 Genevieve Bannon – ECAC Hockey Player of the Week (10/26), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (2/22)
 Brielle Bellerive – ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Week (12/10), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (2/22)
 Renata Fast – ECAC Hockey First Team All-Star
 Savannah Harmon – USCHO.com All-Rookie Team, ECAC Hockey All-Rookie Team, ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Week (10/26, 11/2), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (1/20, 2/15)
 Olivia Howe – ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (3/1)
 Christine Lambert – ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (2/1)
 Shannon MacAulay – Patty Kazmaier Award nominee, ECAC Hockey Third Team All-Star, ECAC Hockey Player of the Month (October), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (10/5, 11/18, 12/2), Nutmeg Classic All-Tournament Team (11/29)
 Cayley Mercer – Patty Kazmaier Award nominee, ECAC Hockey First Team All-Star, ECAC Hockey Player of the Week (10/12, 12/10), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (1/20, 2/9, 2/15)
 Shea Tiley – USCHO.com All-Rookie Team, ECAC Hockey Goaltender of the Year, ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Year, ECAC Hockey Player of the Year finalist, ECAC Hockey First Team All-Star, ECAC Hockey All-Rookie Team, ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Month (October, December, February), ECAC Hockey Goaltender of the Month (February), ECAC Hockey Goaltender of the Week (10/12, 11/2, 11/18), 2/9, ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Week (1/27), ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (10/5, 10/26, 11/25, 12/2, 1/13, 1/20, 2/1, 2/15, 2/22, 3/1)
 Amanda Titus – ECAC Hockey weekly Honor Roll (11/25, 3/1)
 Matt Desrosiers –  ECAC Hockey Coach of the Year

References

Clarkson
Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey seasons


title: Malaysia at the 1985 SEA Games

text:
Malaysia competed in the 1985 Southeast Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand from 8 to 17 December 1985.

Medal summary

Medals by sport

Medallists

Football

Men's tournament
Group B

Semifinal

Bronze medal match

References

1985
Nations at the 1985 SEA Games


title: Denzil Thompson

text:
Denzil Thompson is a former international footballer and the current manager of the Guyana national football team.

He played as a goalkeeper. Thompson was involved in the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign for Guyana playing in two games against Suriname.

In August 2014, he was appointed as coach of the Guyana national football team. He took control of the national team for the 2014 Caribbean Cup qualification campaign.

References

Living people
Guyanese men's footballers
Guyana men's international footballers
Guyanese football managers
Guyana national football team managers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Men's association football goalkeepers
Afro-Guyanese people


title: Post Oak, Oklahoma

text:
Post Oak is an unincorporated community in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States.

A Comanche Indian mission, Post Oak Mission, was established in 1896 in Post Oak by the Mennonite Brethren Churches of North America. In 1957, in order to make room for a missile range, the mission and its cemetery were relocated to Indiahoma. Today the mission is known as the Post Oak Mennonite Brethren Church.

References

External links
 YouTube video of Post Oak Mission in 1945

Unincorporated communities in Oklahoma


title: Toluca Cathedral

text:
Toluca Cathedral, formally Cathedral of Saint Joseph of Nazareth () is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Toluca, Mexico, named after Saint Joseph.

The cathedral's construction began in 1867, but was completed only in the second half of the twentieth century. The Neoclassical facade features the images of Saint John, Saint Thomas, Saint Peter and Saint James. There is also a relief depicting the Ascension of Jesus. Above the clock there are three female figures representing faith, charity and hope.

History

For the construction of the cathedral the Rosario Chapel and the Chapel of San Joseph were demolished. These buildings were located on the large plot belonging to the old Franciscan convent of Our Lady of the Assumption.

References

Buildings and structures in the State of Mexico
Roman Catholic cathedrals in Mexico
Toluca
1867 establishments in Mexico
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1978
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Mexico


title: Battle of Sinjar

text:
Battle of Sinjar may refer to a number of events which took place in the vicinity of Sinjar, northern Iraq, in the 2014-2015 timeframe:

 Sinjar massacre, the massacre of 5,000 Yazidi men in the Sinjar District in August 2014
 December 2014 Sinjar offensive
 November 2015 Sinjar offensive


title: Kanta (shield)

text:
The Kanta is a traditional shield of the Toraja and Pamona people of Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi and Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia respectively.

Description
It is a long slender shield, V-shaped over its entire length. It tapers somewhat towards the lower and upper parts. It is richly decorated with goat's hair dyed white, black and red, which are worked on horizontal tufts and inlaid with small shells or white bone. These tufts of white, red and black colored hair are mounted in overlapping rows.

References

Shields
Military equipment of Indonesia


title: Cimandaway

text:
Cimandaway or Curug Cimandaway is a waterfall on the Cikawalon River, at Datar village, Dayeuhluhur, Cilacap, Central Java, Java Island, Indonesia.

Waterfalls of Java
Cilacap Regency
Dayeuhluhur


title: List of Missouri Tigers in the NFL Draft

text:
This is a list of Missouri Tigers football players in the NFL Draft.

Key

Selections

References

Missouri

Missouri Tigers NFL Draft


title: Franz Kalckhoff

text:
Dr. Franz Kalckhoff (30 November 1860 – 13 February 1955) was a German philatelist who signed the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1934. He is noted as philatelic author, editor and expert on postal stationery.

See also
Kalckhoff Medal

References

Signatories to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists
1860 births
1955 deaths
German philatelists
Recipients of the Lindenberg Medal


title: Arsalan Fathipour

text:
Arsalan Fathipour (; born 1965) is an Iranian politician.

Fathipour was born in Kaleybar, East Azerbaijan. He is a member of the 7th, 8th and 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Hurand, Khoda Afarin and Kaleybar. Fathipour won with 29,879 (47.40%) votes.

References

External links
 Fathipour Website

People from East Azerbaijan Province
Deputies of Kaleybar, Khoda Afarin and Hurand
Living people
1965 births
Members of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Members of the 8th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Members of the 7th Islamic Consultative Assembly
Followers of Wilayat fraction members


title: Eucosma magnana

text:
Eucosma magnana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Inner Mongolia), Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam.

The larvae feed on Serratula hirsuta and Serratula tinctoria.

References

Moths described in 1978
Eucosmini


title: Mockery

text:
Mockery or mocking is the act of insulting or making light of a person or other thing, sometimes merely by taunting, but often by making a caricature, purporting to engage in imitation in a way that highlights unflattering characteristics. Mockery can be done in a lighthearted and gentle way, but can also be cruel and hateful, such that it "conjures images of corrosion, deliberate degradation, even subversion; thus, 'to laugh at in contempt, to make sport of' (OED)". Mockery appears to be unique to humans, and serves a number of psychological functions, such as reducing the perceived imbalance of power between authority figures and common people. Examples of mockery can be found in literature and the arts.

Etymology and function

The root word mock traces to the Old French mocquer (later moquer), meaning to scoff at, laugh at, deride, or fool, although the origin of mocquer is itself unknown. Labeling a person or thing as a mockery may also be used to imply that it or they are a poor quality or counterfeit version of some genuine other, such as the case in the usages: "mockery of man" or "the trial was a mockery of justice".

Mockery in psychology
Australian linguistics professor Michael Haugh differentiated between teasing and mockery by emphasizing that, while the two do have substantial overlap in meaning, mockery does not connote repeated provocation or the intentional withholding of desires, and instead implies a type of imitation or impersonation where a key element is that the nature of the act places a central importance on the expectation that it not be taken seriously. Specifically in examining non-serious forms of jocular mockery, Haugh summarized the literature on the features of mockery as consisting of the following:

 Laughter, especially on the part of the speaker, acting as a cue that others are invited to laugh also
 Phonetic practices, such as a "smile voice" and modulating "sing-song" pitch which mark actions "as laughable", denote an exaggerated level of animation, and indicate irony
 Facial cues, such as smiling, winking or other intentionally exaggerated expressions which mark actions as laughable, ironic, and non-serious
 Bodily cues, such as covering the face, or clapping
 Exaggeration, emphasizing extreme cases and making claims obviously above or below what is reasonable
 Incongruity through allusions and presuppositions to create implicit contrast
 Formulaicity and "topic shift markers" to indicate an end to non-seriousness and a return to serious interaction

In turn, the audience of the mockery may reply with a number of additional cues to indicate that the actions are understood as non-serious, including laughter, explicit agreement,  or a continuation or elaboration of the mockery.

Jayne Raisborough and Matt Adams alternatively identified mockery as a type of disparagement humour mainly available as a tool of privileged groups, which ensures normative responses from non-privileged groups. They emphasize that mockery may be used ironically and comedically, to identify moral stigma and signal moral superiority, but also as a form of social encouragement, allowing those who are providing social cues, to do so in a way that provides a level of social distance between the criticism and critic through use of parody and satire. In this way, mockery can function as a "more superficially 'respectable', morally sensitive way of doing class-based distinction than less civil disgust."

Mockery in philosophy
The philosopher Baruch Spinoza took a dim view of mockery, contending that it rests "upon a false opinion and proclaim[s] the imperfection of the mocker". He reasoned that either the object of the mockery is not ridiculous, in which case the mocker is wrong in treating it in such a way, or it is ridiculous, in which case mockery is not an effective tool for improvement. Though the mocker reveals that they recognize the imperfection, they do nothing to resolve it using good reason. Writing in his Tractatus Politicus, Spinoza declared that mockery was a form of hatred and sadness "which can never be converted into joy".

Catholic Bishop Francis de Sales, in his 1877 Introduction to the Devout Life, decried mockery as a sin:

Alternatively, while philosophers John Locke and Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury agreed on the importance of critical inquiry regarding the views of authority figures, Shaftesbury saw an important role specifically for mockery in this process. Shaftesbury held that "a moderate use of mockery could correct vices," and that mockery was among the most important challenges for truth, because "if an opinion cannot stand mockery" then it similarly would be "revealed to be ridiculous". As such all serious claims of knowledge should be subjected to it. This was a view echoed by René Descartes, who saw mockery as a "trait of a good man" which "bears witness to the cheerfulness of his temper ... tranquility of his soul ... [and] the ingenuity of his mind."

In philosophical argument, the appeal to ridicule (also called appeal to mockery, ab absurdo, or the horse laugh) is an informal fallacy which presents an opponent's argument as absurd, ridiculous, or humorous, and therefore not worthy of serious consideration. Appeal to ridicule is often found in the form of comparing a nuanced circumstance or argument to a laughably commonplace occurrence or to some other irrelevancy on the basis of comedic timing, wordplay, or making an opponent and their argument the object of a joke. This is a rhetorical tactic that mocks an opponent's argument or standpoint, attempting to inspire an emotional reaction (making it a type of appeal to emotion) in the audience and to highlight any counter-intuitive aspects of that argument, making it appear foolish and contrary to common sense. This is typically done by making a mockery of the argument's foundation that represents it in an uncharitable and oversimplified way.

Mockery in the arts

Mockery is one form of the literary genre of satire, and it has been noted that "[t]he mock genres and the practice of literary mockery goes back at least as far as the sixth century BCE". Mockery, as a genre, can also be directed towards other artistic genres:

The English comedy troupe, Monty Python, was considered to be particularly adept at the mockery of both authority figures and people making a pretense to competence beyond their abilities. One such sketch, involving a nearly-deaf hearing aid salesman and a nearly-blind contact lens salesman, depicts them as "both desperately unsuccessful, and exceedingly hilarious. The comicality of such characters is largely due to the fact that the objects of mockery themselves create a specific context in which we find that they deserve being ridiculed". In the United States, the television show, Saturday Night Live has been noted as having "a history of political mockery", and it has been proposed that "[h]istorical and rhetorical analyses argue that this mockery matters" with respect to political outcomes.

Development in humans
Mockery appears to be a uniquely human activity. Although several species of animal are observed to engage in laughter, humans are the only animal observed to use laughter to mock one another.

An examination of the appearance of the capacity for mockery during childhood development indicates that mockery "does not appear as an expectable moment in early childhood, but becomes more prominent as the latency child enters the social world of sibling rivalry, competition, and social interaction". As it develops, it is "displayed in forms of schoolyard bullying and certainly in adolescence with the attempt to achieve independence while negotiating the conflicts arising out of encounters with authority." One common element of mockery is caricature, a wide-ranging practice of imitating and exaggerating aspects of the subject being mocked. It has been suggested that caricature produced "survival advantages of rapid decoding of facial information", and at the same time that it provides "some of our best humor and, when suffused with too much aggression, may reach the form of mockery". Mockery serves a number of social functions:

Richard Borshay Lee reported mockery as a facet of Bushmen culture designed to keep individuals who are successful in certain regards from becoming arrogant. When weaker people are mocked by stronger people, this can constitute a form of bullying.

See also

Bullying
Irony
Roast (comedy)
Sarcasm
Taunting
Tongue-in-cheek
Ad hominem

References

External links

Abuse
Harassment and bullying
Human behavior


title: Good Hope, Botswana

text:
Good Hope is a village in the Good Hope District of Botswana. It serves as the administrative center for the Good Hope District Council.

Geography
Good Hope has a Primary Hospital, a Land Board (Rolong Land Board) a Clinic, a primary school, a Junior Secondary School, a Secondary School, and a Police Station.

Good Hope is approximately 48 km from Lobatse, which is the nearest town serving all villages with banking services, shopping malls, and other amenities. Good Hope is approximately 115 km from Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana.

Population
The population was 6,362 in 2011 census.

Government
Good Hope is under the Good Hope-Mabule Constituency  represented by MP Eric Molale in the National Assembly.

References

Southern District (Botswana)
Villages in Botswana


title: Saint Mary, Nebraska

text:
Saint Mary is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Nebraska, United States.

History
Saint Mary was originally called Smartville, but it was later renamed after the Saint Mary's Parochial School.

References

Unincorporated communities in Johnson County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Judge Rinder

text:
Judge Rinder is a British arbitration-based reality court show that aired on ITV from 11 August 2014 to 14 October 2020. The show depicts Robert Rinder as an arbitrator overseeing civil cases. Rinder began his career in criminal law in 2003. He is a barrister and wears his barrister robes while on the show, but does not wear the wig as is customary in the judiciary. Rinder is a practising criminal barrister at 2 Hare Court Chambers in London and this is made clear on the show. As with other related court shows that inspired it, such as Judge Judy, Judge Mathis and The People's Court, any awards handed down by Rinder are paid by the production company rather than the loser.

Show structure
The hearings are conducted in a studio styled as a television-related courtroom with entertainment styling, including a Union Jack flag and another flag with the show's logo and a gavel, neither of which are used in UK courts. The robes worn by Rinder are regular barristers' robes without the wig and, in England and Wales, most small claim trials are conducted in district judges' chambers. The show follows the same format as other television court shows, such as Judge Judy and Judge Mathis.

The claimant and defendant enter the courtroom separately, while narrator Charles Foster says their first names (unlike Judge Judy, where full names are used) along with details of the case and they take their places at their respective benches: the claimant on the judge's left, and the defendant on the judge's right. Rinder then asks the claimant and defendant to confirm their names, and the case proceeds. The bailiff on the show is Michelle Hassan, who passes items of evidence (photographs, receipts, copies of text messages etc.) between the litigants and Judge Rinder during proceedings, which can be displayed on a large video screen in the courtroom (with certain identifying information electronically blurred) when required. Hassan also brings a box of tissues or a glass of water to any litigant who should become distressed during their case, as well as escorting any additional witnesses into the courtroom and who give their evidence, standing in a dock on the same side of the room where she stands and out of the courtroom again afterwards.

References

External links

2014 British television series debuts
2020 British television series endings
2010s British reality television series
2010s British legal television series
2020s British reality television series
2020s British legal television series
Court shows
ITV reality television shows
English-language television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows set in Manchester


title: 2nd IIFA Awards

text:
The 2001 IIFA Awards, officially known as the 2nd International Indian Film Academy Awards  ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the best films of 2000 and took place between June 16, 2001. This year, the city of Sun City played host to the Indian Film Industry.

The official ceremony took place on June 16, 2001, at the Sun City, in Super Bowl Arena Sun City . During the ceremony, IIFA Awards were awarded in 27 competitive categories.

Reflective of its guiding philosophy, the venue for IIFA 2001 was the splendorous Sun City in South Africa. The hype gained intensity, as performers descended on Sun City. The Indian stars were welcomed by thousands of fans and traditional African dancers. Film enthusiasts swarmed the Sun City. The first ever IIFA World Premiere was held. The film – Lagaan, which went on to win a nomination at the Oscars for the Best Foreign Language Film. An exclusive session with the media at a special Press Meet post show discussed the increasing awareness about Indian Cinema on a global platform. Sun City outshone the sun itself on show day. The venue sparkled as the red carpet awaited its brightest stars. The crowd stirred as limousines rolled in. And the television cameras zoomed in. The hosts for the evening, Miss World Priyanka Chopra and the dashing Kabir Bedi, welcomed the guests. The dances from African Footprint set the rhythm of excitement for the night.

Dhadkan, Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai and Mohabbatein led the ceremony with 12 nominations each, followed by Fiza,  Mission Kashmir and Refugee with 7 nominations each.

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai won 10 awards, including Best Film, Best Director (for Rakesh Roshan) and Best Actor (for Hrithik Roshan), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Awards

The winners and nominees have been listed below. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().

Popular Awards

Technical Awards

Special Awards

Superlatives

References

External links
 The International Indian Film Academy Awards (2001) at the Internet Movie Database

Iifa Awards


title: Carlton Morris

text:
Carlton John Morris (born 16 December 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Luton Town.

He has previously played for Barnsley, Norwich City, Oxford United, York City, Hamilton Academical, Rotherham United, Shrewsbury Town and Milton Keynes Dons.

Club career

Early years and breakthrough
Born in Cambridge, Morris began his career in the youth system at Norwich City at the age of 11. He became an academy scholar in the summer of 2012 and won the FA Youth Cup with Norwich in May 2013. In December 2013, he signed a professional contract until the summer of 2016.

2014–15
On 4 August 2014, Morris joined Oxford United on loan until 1 January 2015. He made his debut on 9 August 2014, starting in a 1–0 defeat to Burton Albion in League Two. He scored his first goal in professional football in his next appearance on 12 August 2014, starting again as Oxford defeated Bristol City in the first round of the League Cup. After 10 appearances, he was recalled by Norwich on 23 October 2014.

On 27 November 2014, Morris joined another League Two club, York City, on loan until 4 January 2015. He made his debut two days later as a 77th-minute substitute for Wes Fletcher in a 1–1 away draw with Plymouth Argyle. His loan was extended for another month in January 2015 before returning to Norwich on 9 February having made eight appearances for York.

2015–16
On 15 July 2015, Morris joined Hamilton Academical on a six-month loan, shortly after signing a contract extension with Norwich to 2017. He made his Scottish Premiership debut on 1 August in a 0–0 home draw with Partick Thistle. On 18 August, Morris scored his first goal for Hamilton in a 4–0 home victory over Dundee United. On 2 January 2016, he extended his stay  until the end of the 2015–16 season. Morris returned to Norwich in May 2016, having featured in 33 matches, scoring eight goals.

2016–17
After featuring for Norwich under-23s in the EFL Trophy, Morris joined Championship club Rotherham United on 31 January 2017 on loan until the end of 2016–17. He was unable to link up with Rotherham until mid-March due to injury, but did sign a contract to 2020 with Norwich earlier in the month. He made his Rotherham debut as a substitute in the 5–1 defeat away to Queens Park Rangers on 18 March 2017.

2017–18
On 11 July 2017, Morris joined League One club Shrewsbury Town on a season-long loan, becoming their ninth summer signing. He scored his first goal for the club in a 3−2 victory over Rochdale at New Meadow on 19 August. Morris suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in Shrewsbury Town's League One play-off final defeat to Rotherham United.

2018–19
Morris missed almost the entire season while recovering from his ACL injury, only making a few appearances for Norwich City's Under-23 squad.

2019–20
In May 2019 Morris signed a contract extension with Norwich to 2021 and was simultaneously loaned out to League One side Rotherham United, for whom he'd previously played in the 2016–17 season. The loan was cut short after Morris scored three league goals for them in the first half of the season. Morris then signed for Milton Keynes Dons on 7 January 2020 on a loan deal for the rest of the season.

2020–21
Following a successful loan spell, Morris re-joined Milton Keynes Dons on loan for the duration of the 2020–21 season. After scoring three goals from eighteen league games for the Dons, Morris was recalled by Norwich City on 6 January 2021. Later that day, Morris signed for Championship side Barnsley on a two-and-a-half-year deal, for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal for Barnsley in a 2–0 win against Brentford on 14 February 2021.

Luton Town
On 6 July 2022, Morris returned to the Championship when he signed for Luton Town for a fee of 1.3 million. Morris was awarded the EFL Championship Player of the Month for September 2022 having scored four goals during the month.

Morris scored Luton Town's first ever Premier League goal on 12 August 2023 in a 4-1 loss to Brighton and Hove Albion when he converted a penalty kick in the 81st minute. On 30 September 2023, he scored the winning goal against Everton to give Luton Town its first ever Premier League victory.

International career
Morris has represented England at U19 level.

Style of play
Morris has been described by Oxford United as strong and able to hold up the ball.

Career statistics

Honours
Shrewsbury Town
EFL Trophy runner-up: 2017–18

Luton Town
EFL Championship play-offs: 2023

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2022–23 Championship
EFL Championship Player of the Month: September 2022

References

External links
Carlton Morris profile at the Norwich City F.C. website
Carlton Morris profile at the Shrewsbury Town F.C. website

1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Cambridge
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Norwich City F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players


title: Abbas Fallahi Babajan

text:
Abbas Fallahi Babajan (; born 1966) is an Iranian politician.

Fallahi was born in Ahar, East Azerbaijan. He was a member of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Ahar and Heris. Fallahi won with 40,848 (37.10%) votes. Mr. Fallahi was able to obtain 40,848 votes and enter the ninth term of the Islamic Council.

References

People from Ahar
Deputies of Ahar and Heris
Living people
1966 births
Members of the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly


title: Vesta, Nebraska

text:
Vesta is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Nebraska, United States.

History
A schoolteacher named Vesta after a former student in Massachusetts.

References

Unincorporated communities in Johnson County, Nebraska
Unincorporated communities in Nebraska


title: Roger Grillo

text:
Roger Grillo is a former American ice hockey player and coach who is currently a regional manager for USA Hockey. A 10th round pick of the Vancouver Canucks in 1983, Grillo played for Maine for three seasons before starting a coaching career. After stints with Norwich and Vermont as an assistant Grillo became the head coach at Brown in 1997. Over twelve seasons Grillo had a moderate amount of success, producing three winning seasons, before accepting an offer from USA Hockey to become Regional Manager, American Development Model, a job he currently occupies.

Head coaching record

References

External links

1964 births
American ice hockey coaches
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Vermont Catamounts men's ice hockey coaches
Brown Bears men's ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey coaches from Minnesota
Living people
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
People from Apple Valley, Minnesota
Ice hockey people from Dakota County, Minnesota
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Ice hockey players from Minnesota


title: Amblygobius semicinctus

text:
Amblygobius semicinctus, the halfbarred goby , is a species of goby from family Gobiidae.

Description
The Halfbarred goby is a small fish which can reach a length of  TL. Its background body colour is greenish brown with a kind of complex pattern of red-brown longitudinal lines running along the body and spots on the head. A dark line starting from the snout passing through the eye and melt backside with the other longitudinal lines. The body is also marked with 4 to 6 vertical black bars, a dark ocellus on the first dorsal fin and on the operculum, and finally a dark spot on the superior part of the caudal fin.

Distribution & habitat
Amblyeleotris semicinctus is found in the western Indian Ocean from the Maldives to the eastern African coast.
It likes sandy bottom in protected and shallow lagoons and bays. It lives usually in couple in a burrow dug under a rock or a piece of coral.

Biology
This goby is an omnivorous fish which feeds by taking in mouthfuls of sand and sifting out algae, invertebrates and other organic matter. The species is monogamous.

References

External links

semicinctus
Fish described in 1833


title: Shtar Academy (album)

text:
Shtar Academy is the self-titled debut studio album by French hip hop collective Shtar Academy, consisting of rappers Badri, Malik and Mirak. It was released on 20 January 2014 by Fu-Jo, and distributed by Because Music, and peaked at number 63 on the French Albums Chart.

Background
Shtar Academy was started as a musical project in 2012 by record producer Mouloud Mansouri, who had previously served a jail sentence between 1999 and 2008 for drug trafficking. He had the idea for his project approved by the administration of the Luynes Prison. The prison administration also approved the construction of the Studio Hip Hop Convict, where the album was recorded, within the prison compounds, but reserved the right to censor any proposed texts by the prisoners that were deemed excessively violent or aggressive towards prison wardens, or presenting menacing lyrics addressed to judges, the police or to victims of crimes.

Prisoners detained for a year or more in Luynes were eligible to showcase their potential talents. More than 200 prisoners, almost the entire population of the prison, were briefed on the project, and initially around 30 of them expressed an interest and signed up for the project. Through interviews and assessments, and test performances conducted by Mansouri and co-producer Tony Danza, the number of eligible applicants was reduced to a dozen and eventually three of the most talented were chosen through a competitive elimination process to spearhead the musical project. Badri received a sentence of seven years, while Malik and Mirak were sentenced to three and four years imprisonment respectively. For a whole year, the three worked regularly on various workshops for songwriting, composition, and training for recordings and computer-assisted production. More than 30 well-known French rappers and producers volunteered their time supporting the project through mentoring and coaching. They also provided studio time and agreed to be featured in compositions by the prisoners, which were presented during a three-hour live show on 3 June 2013.

Single
"Les portes du pénitencier" was released as the album's lead single on 11 December 2013, but did not enter the French Singles Chart.

Music videos
A number of music videos for a number of the album's songs were released before and after the release of the album.
 A live performance of "Passez-moi le micro" was released on 28 August 2013, and doubles up as the song's official music video.
The music video for "Wesh les taulards" was released on 21 November 2013. Directed by Sarah Marx, the video was shot in an abandoned building in the absence of the members of Shtar Academy, as they were still incarcerated at the time. Several actors take the place of the three rappers.
 The official music video for "Primaire", featuring Lino, was released on 29 November 2013. It is primarily a lyric video, where the lyrics of the song appear as they are performed, along with other various illustrations in line with the song's lyrics.
 Two music videos were released for the regular (short) and long versions of "Les portes du pénitencier". They were both directed by Sarah Marx. The videos follow Mouloud Mansouri, who plays a prison inmate, as he lives through his sentence at the Hauts-de-Seine Prison and is finally released at the end of the video.
 The regular version's music video was released on 11 December 2013, as part of the single's release. It features appearances by Mirak, Nekfeu, Nemir, Alonzo and Soprano as they perform their verses of the song.
 Released on 3 January 2014, the music video for the long version of the song features an introduction to the story of Mansouri's life in prison, where the narrator also briefly speaks of Mansouri's life after prison and the formation of Shtar Academy. The rest of the artists featured in the song, except Keny Arkana, also make appearances in the video as they perform their verses of the song, including Orelsan and Gringe, who perform their verse together as the Casseurs Flowters.
 The music video for "Ça fait un bail", featuring Tunisiano, was released on 7 February 2014. It was shot at a prison, where Tunisiano plays an inmate being visited by his friend, Mirak, and features scenes where the two rap their bits of the song at a table as if they were having a conversation.

Track listing
All songs produced by Mouloud Mansouri and Tony Danza.

Credits
Credits for Shtar Academy adapted from Discogs.

Personnel

 Ali – Featured artist
 Alonzo – Featured artist
 Badri – Primary artist
 Bakar – Featured artist
 Blastar – Composition
 Cannibal Smith – Composition
 Disiz – Featured artist
 DJ R-Ash – Featured artist
 Doom Bada – Mixing
 Etienne M. – Mixing (assistant)
 Gringe – Featured artist
 Hits Alive – Composition
 Keny Arkana – Featured artist
 La Fouine – Featured artist
 Ladéa – Featured artist
 Leck – Featured artist
 Lino – Featured artist
 Malik – Primary artist
 Mirak – Primary artist
 Medeline – Composition
 Médine – Featured artist
 Mister You – Featured artist
 Mouloud Mansouri – Producer, composition
 Nekfeu – Featured artist
 Némir – Featured artist
 Niro – Featured artist
 Fred Nlandu – Mixing
 Nor – Featured artist
 Mitch Olivier – Mixing
 Nadir Photographie – Photography
 Orelsan – Featured artist
 Ovaground Prod – Composition
 Proof – Composition
 REDK – Featured artist
 Roro – Composition
 S-Pi – Featured artist
 Sat – Featured artist
 Skalpovich – Composition, mixing
 Soopa – Composition
 Soprano – Featured artist
 Street Scientist Beat – Composition
 Tékila – Featured artist
 Tony Danza – Producer, composition
 Tunisiano – Featured artist
 Vincenzo – Featured artist

Studios
 BPM Studio – Mixing
 Masterdisk Europe – Mastering
 Studio Hip Hop Convict – Recording
 Studio Davout – Mixing
 Studio Kilomaître Foundation – Mixing
 Studio Fabrik48 – Mixing

Chart performance

References

2014 debut albums
Shtar Academy albums
Collaborative albums
French-language albums


title: Eucosma messingiana

text:
Eucosma messingiana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Hebei, Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Russia and Europe, where it has been recorded from Germany, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, the Baltic region, Sweden and Finland. The habitat consists of sandy areas.

The wingspan is 18–28 mm. Adults are on wing from August to September in one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris. Larvae can be found from September to May.

References

Moths described in 1837
Eucosmini
Taxa named by Josef Emanuel Fischer von Röslerstamm


title: Conlinoceras

text:
Conlinoceras, once included with Calycoceras as the subgenus Calycoceras (Conlinocras), is a strongly ribbed, evolute ammonite, belonging to the acanthoceratid subfamily Acanthoceratinae, known from the Cenomanian stage of the Upper Cretaceous. Shells are generally rapidly expanding with prominent, wide spaced, straight radial ribs that cross over the arched venter without interruption. Although somewhat similar in appearance to Calycoceras, Conlinoceras differs in having sparser, more widely spaced ribs.

The first (lowest) appearance of Conlinoceras tarrantense, which can reach a diameter of 12.5 cm ( 4.9 in), marks the base of the middle Cenomanian in Texas.

References

 Conlinoceras in Acanthoceratinae in ammonites.fr
 Conlinoceras, jsdammonites

Ammonites of North America
Acanthoceratidae
Ammonitida genera
Cenomanian life


title: Aerial yoga

text:
Aerial yoga is a hybrid type of yoga combining traditional yoga poses with the use of an aerial hammock.

History

Aerial yoga was developing in the early 2000s. Carmen Curtis began using the aerial hammock as a yoga prop in 2004, then developed the aerial yoga brand, AIReal Yoga in 2009.  AIReal Yoga was the first 200 hour aerial yoga teacher training recognized by the Yoga Alliance in the United States in 2014.  Michelle Dortignac, created Unnata aerial yoga brand in 2006, using a combination of traditional yoga poses, pilates, and dance with the use of a hammock. Fly Yoga was developed in France in 2009 by Florie Ravinet in collaboration with a physical therapist, and has been "approved by health professionals". AeroYoga was developed around the same time by Rafael Martinez.

Hammock

Aerial yoga requires a special kind of hammock, a prop designed to support up to 300 kilograms on average. The rig typically consists of support chains, a webbing strap, a silk hammock and carabiners. Two support chains hang from the ceiling to less than one meter above ground level, and the hammock is connected at the height set by the user. There are two styles of installing an aerial yoga hammock, depending on the effects desired: either two anchor points (for more stability) or one anchor point, to give the participant an increased range of motion.

The hammock acts like a swing supporting the hips for forward bends and backbends. Difficult mat-based yoga postures may prove easier to perform through aerial yoga, while the hammock's movement further contributes to adding variety to the aerial workout.

Health benefits claimed

Aerial yoga has not been studied with clinical trials. Anecdotal evidence indicates that by facilitating bending and stretching of the whole body during exercise, muscles and joints will be strengthened and rehabilitated, and the spine decompressed as the body hangs freely. Yoga in general, and aerial yoga in particular is promoted as benefiting emotional, psychological and spiritual health.

Popular poses

Aerial yoga poses include the cross position, leaning back with support just above the waist, arms outspread; the star inversion, the hammock supporting the tailbone with the body bending backwards; and the one-legged king pigeon pose, like the star inversion but with one foot hooked across the front of the hammock. A bound variant has the rear ankle grasped by the hands.

References

Yoga styles
Yoga hybrids


title: Eucosma metana

text:
Eucosma metana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanghai, China.

References

Moths described in 1919
Eucosmini


title: Eucosma muguraxana

text:
Eucosma muguraxana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China and Russia.

References

Moths described in 1975
Eucosmini


title: Kenneth Lacovara

text:
Kenneth John Lacovara (born March 11, 1961) is an American paleontologist and geologist at Rowan University and fellow of the Explorers Club, known for the discovery of the titanosaurian dinosaur Dreadnoughtus and his involvement in the discovery and naming of the giant sauropod dinosaur Paralititan, as well as his work applying 3D printing technology to paleontology. Lacovara is the founder of the Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University and the author of the general-audience book, Why Dinosaurs Matter (2017), for which he received a Nautilus Book Award. Additionally, he serves as Paleontology Fellow of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He is a recipient of the Explorers Club Medal, the highest honor bestowed by The Explorers Club.

Biography
Lacovara grew up in Linwood, New Jersey and attended Mainland Regional High School. He graduated with honors from Rowan University in 1984. He was named Alumnus of the Year in 2002. He received a Master's degree in Physical Geography from the University of Maryland and a PhD in Geology from the University of Delaware in 1998.

Professor of paleontology and geology at Rowan University, he is founding Dean of Rowan University's School of Earth & Environment and the founding Director of the Rowan Fossil Park. Formerly, Lacovara was a Professor of Biology at Drexel University in Philadelphia.

Discover Magazine has three times listed his work in the "Top 100 Science Stories" of the year, for 2001, 2012, and 2014. He was a speaker at the 2016 TED and INK conferences.

Lacovara is known for his work in applying high-tech tools to dinosaur paleontology, including 3D scanning and 3D printing, and robotics.

He is a resident of Swedesboro, New Jersey and a professional jazz drummer.

Discoveries

On September 4, 2014, Lacovara's discovery of the giant titanosaur, Dreadnoughtus schrani, was published by the journal Scientific Reports, making international headlines. It is the most complete skeleton of a giant titanosaur discovered to date.

Lacovara was part of the team that discovered Paralititan stromeri in the Bahariya Oasis of Egypt in 2000. Paralititan was the first new dinosaur discovery in Egypt since the early 20th century and was featured in the 2-hour documentary The Lost Dinosaurs of Egypt, narrated by Matthew McConaughey and produced by Ann Druyan. The team published their findings in Science in 2001. The announcement of the new species was named by Discover Magazine as one of the "100 Top Science Stories of 2001".

In China, Lacovara was part of a team that discovered multiple skeletons of the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) aquatic bird Gansus yumenensis. Gansus filled an important gap in bird evolution, and the team published their result in Science in 2006.

Lacovara was also a member of the team that discovered Suzhousaurus megatherioides, a therizinosauroid from the Lower Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert of China.

Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University

Lacovara is the founding Director of the Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University, a 65-acre property in southern New Jersey that preserves a K/Pg bonebed of vertebrate fossils and serves as a site for STEM education and outreach.

Explorers Club Medal
In 2019 Lacovara received the Explorers Club's highest honor, the Explorers Club Medal , awarded for "extraordinary contributions directly in the field of exploration, scientific research, or to the welfare of humanity.". Previous recipients include Roy Chapman Andrews, Neil Armstrong, Jane Goodall, Edward O. Wilson, and Neil deGrasse Tyson.

Selected talks by Kenneth Lacovara

 La Ciudad de las Ideas, Puebla, Mexico - 2016
 INK, Goa, India - 2016
 TED Summit, Banff, Canada - 2016
 TED, Vancouver, Canada - 2016
 NASA New Horizons Flyby, Baltimore, USA - 2015
 TEDx Drexel, Philadelphia, USA - 2015
 Linda Hall Library of Science, Kansas City, USA - 2013
 iNatura, Dornbern, Austria - 2010
 Explorers Club Centennial Gala - 2004

Publications
 Why Dinosaurs Matter. New York: Simon & Schuster/TED Books, 2017.   - winner of a Nautilus Silver Book Award.

References

External links

 TED Profile - Kenneth Lacovara
 Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan university page
 Linda Hall Library of Science lecture: Next-Gen Paleontology
 Discovery Channel, Daily Planet: Cretaceous Jersey Shore
 Philadelphia Inquirer: Ancient Sea Turtle Discovered in New Jersey
 Philadelphia Inquirer: Reconstructing a Fossil Turtle

Living people
American paleontologists
Mainland Regional High School (New Jersey) alumni
People from Linwood, New Jersey
People from Swedesboro, New Jersey
Rowan University alumni
Scientists from New Jersey
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
University of Delaware alumni
Fellows of the Explorers Club
1961 births


title: 1962 in Taiwan

text:
Events in the year 1962 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 51 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

Incumbents
 President – Chiang Kai-shek
 Vice President – Chen Cheng
 Premier – Chen Cheng
 Vice Premier – Wang Yun-wu

Events

April
 1 April – The upgrade of Sanchong from an urban township to a county-administered city.
 28 April – The establishment of TTV Main Channel.

May
 16 May – The opening of Hualien Airport in Hualien County.

July
 11 July – The establishment of China Maritime Institute.

October
 10 October – The official launch of TTV Main Channel.

Births
 22 February – Lin Tsung-hsien, Magistrate of Yilan County (2009–2017)
 17 March – Lin Hsi-shan, Secretary-General of Executive Yuan (1999–2016)
 20 March – Kuo Tai-yuan, baseball player
 8 May – Fu Kun-chi, Magistrate of Hualien County (2009–2018)
 27 July – Vanessa Shih, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs (2012–2016)
 10 October – Tou Chung-hua, actor
 25 October - Tsai Hsiao-hu, singer
 28 November – Pan Wen-chung, Minister of Education (2016–2018)

Deaths
 24 February – Hu Shih, former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

References

Years of the 20th century in Taiwan


title: Parktown Convent

text:
Parktown Convent for Girls (now Holy Family College) was a private girls' school founded in 1905. It is located in Parktown, South Africa. The school falls within Johannesburg East in Gauteng. In 1991, the school became Holy Family College.

History

The convent was founded by Mother Ambrose Farren, [Cassie Farren DOB 1861]  who came from Moville, Co Donegal, Ireland.

Notable alumni

Helen Suzman, a liberal South African, anti-apartheid activist and notable politician, attended the convent and matriculated from the school in 1933. Later becoming an eloquent public speaker with a sharp and witty manner, Suzman was noted for her strong public criticism of the governing National Party's policies of apartheid at a time when this was atypical of white South Africans.

Margaret Scott graduated from the convent school in 1939, went to London, and continued her training as a ballet dancer. She performed with Sadler's Wells Ballet and Ballet Rambert in England and Australia in the 1940s. She moved to Australia in 1953 and became the first director of the Australian Ballet School, a post she held for twenty-six years.

Moira Lister, later Viscountess of Orthez, attended the school before her London stage debut on 12 April 1937 at Golders Green Hippodrome. She became a film, stage and television actress and writer. She starred in Peter Ustinov's long-running 1951 play The Love of Four Colonels in the West End.

Fire
Part of the school was destroyed by fire in 2013.

Notes

References

External links

Schools in Gauteng
Heritage Buildings in Johannesburg


title: Shirley Jeffrey

text:
Shirley Winifred Jeffrey  (4 April 1930 – 4 January 2014) was an Australian marine biologist and naturalist, who researched biochemical separation techniques, specialising in micro-algal research; her discovery, isolation and purification of chlorophyll c allowed for the evaluation of oceanic microscopic plant biomass and photosynthesis. She was christened The Mother of chlorophyll c by one of her early mentors, Professor Andy Benson of the Scripps Research Institute in San Diego.

Biography
Jeffrey was born in Townsville, Queensland as the daughter of Tom Jeffrey and his wife, Dorothea (née Cherrington). During her younger years, she did not have a particular interest in science, preferring "playing with animals and dolls and helped my mother in the kitchen and loved cooking". While studying at Methodist Ladies College in Melbourne in the early 1940s, she was inspired by a "most memorable teacher", Connie Glass, who led her to be interested in studying the natural world.

Education
Dr Jeffrey completed her secondary schooling in Sydney at Wenona, and completed a Bachelor of Science degree in 1952 and a master's in 1954 at the University of Sydney. She completed a doctorate in biochemical pharmacology in 1958 at King's College, London.

Scientific career
Dr Jeffrey returned to Australia in 1961 after completing her PhD, to work at the Division of Fisheries and Oceanography at CSIRO; it was during this time she researched pigmentation in microalgae, in 1962 becoming the first person to successfully isolate and purify the accessory pigment chlorophyll c previously known, but incompletely characterised, in various algae.

In 1965, she was aboard the maiden voyage of the scientific expedition on the Alpha Helix, the research vessel of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, which was coming to Australia to study the ecology of the Great Barrier Reef. Her research led to a sabbatical at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1973; during this period she met Australian biologist and future husband Dr Andy Heron.

Between 1971 and 1977, Dr Jeffrey was a principal scientist at CSIRO's marine biochemistry unit, then a senior principal research scientist CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography (1977 to 1981) and then senior principal research scientist and then acting chief of CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research (1981–84). While at CSIRO she was in charge of developing the CSIRO's Collection of Living Microalgae (also known as the Algal Culture Collection). Her co-edited work Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography was published in 1996 by UNESCO.

Awards

Throughout her career, she received many awards, in recognition of her work, including the 1988 Inaugural Jubilee Award from the Australian Marine Science Association; Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (FAA) (1991) and she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1993. In 1991 she was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales.

In 2000 Dr Jeffrey received the Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal from the United States National Academy of Sciences, the first person outside the United States to receive this Medal, and was later elected as a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Sciences.
In 2003, she was awarded the Australian Centenary Medal, and in 2007 she received the Shinkishi Hatai Medal at the 21st Pacific Science Congress in Okinawa, Japan.

She was a member, Fellow and former Council member of Jane Franklin Hall, a college of the University of Tasmania and an office-bearer of the Royal Society of Tasmania.
In 2012, several of her colleagues recognised her achievements in "Tribute to Shirley Jeffrey: 50 years of research on chlorophyll c" published in Phycologia (Volume 51, 2: 123–125). Despite retiring in 1995, Dr Jeffrey continued to research and publish as an honorary research fellow with the CSIRO until her death in 2014, and was an accomplished violinist in the Hobart Chamber Orchestra.

References

External links
 Interviews With Australian Scientists profile

 Tribute to Shirley Jeffrey: 50 years of research on chlorophyll c - Phycologia
 Sydney Morning Herald Obituary
 Simon W. Wright, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff, and R. Fauzi C. Mantoura, "Shirley W. Jeffrey", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2015)

1930 births
2014 deaths
Australian women scientists
Australian planktologists
Women planktologists
People from Townsville
University of Sydney alumni
Alumni of King's College London
Members of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women


title: Eucosma nitorana

text:
Eucosma nitorana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China and the Russian Far East.

References

Moths described in 1962
Eucosmini


title: Sylva Stuart Watson

text:
Sylva Stuart Watson (her married name) (4 March 1894 – 26 March 1984) was licensee and manager of the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, in London, England, from 1963.

Sylva Larratt was born in 1894 in Camberwell the daughter of Herbert Arthur and Jane Larratt (née Van Dyk), she would later use the name Little Carmen Sylva when performing as child vocalist with her father who was a baritone. She married Stuart Watson in 1920 in Wandsworth.

Having been a child singer, she began her adult career singing opera and in music hall, and worked as an actress, once performing with Sybil Thorndike.

She formed the Theatre Royal Haymarket Company which included Ralph Richardson and Flora Robson.

Her father-in-law Horace Watson was previously manager of the Theatre Royal, Haymarket.

In 1969, she campaigned against the opening of theatres on Sundays, and was quoted in the House of Lords by Martin Peake, 2nd Viscount Ingleby on the matter, in 1971.

She appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 21 August 1971, where her book choice consisted of volumes on astronomy and astrology, and her luxury item was forty yards of flowered chintz, a needle & cotton.

Watson died on 26 March 1984 in London.

Notes

References

1894 births
1984 deaths
Place of death missing
20th-century British actresses
British theatre managers and producers
Women theatre managers and producers
Actresses from London
Singers from London
20th-century English singers
20th-century English women
20th-century English people


title: Britons in Mexico

text:
Britons in Mexico, or British Mexicans, are Mexicans of British descent or British-born persons who have become naturalized citizens of Mexico.

The British have had a presence in Mexico since the Colonial era. However, the greatest exchange occurred following independence, notably with the Cornish miners in Hidalgo and the construction of the port of Coatzacoalcos.

History

During the Colonial era, the Spanish restricted the entrance of other Europeans, however, some non-Spanish Europeans were present. In 1556, the English adventurer Robert Thomson encountered the Scotsman Tomás Blaque (Thomas Blake), who had been living in Mexico City for more than twenty years. Blaque is the first known Briton to have settled in what would become Mexico.

During his third voyage, the ship commanded by John Hawkins of Plymouth escaped destruction at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568). However, after becoming lost in the Gulf of Mexico and with a bloated crew, Hawkins abandoned more than one hundred men near Tampico. A group of the men went north (including David Ingram), while the rest went south and were captured by the Spanish. Notable among this group was Miles Philips who wrote a narrative detailing his and the other Englishmen's struggles. They were taken to Mexico City, given care at a hospital and imprisoned. After attempting to escape, they were sold as servants or slaves. Some were able to accumulate wealth by rising to the position of overseers at mines and other operations. However, after the establishment of the Mexican Inquisition, the men were stripped of any wealth and imprisoned as Lutheran heretics. Three of the men were burned, while some sixty were given penance.

In southern Baja California Sur, a few families retain the English surname "Green". This surname was established to be descended from Esteban (Steven) Green, an English whaler that settled in the region in 1834 after migrating from the United Kingdom.

The first great power that recognized the independence of Mexico was the United Kingdom in 1824, shortly after the sale of mines from Pachuca and Real del Monte occurred. The majority of migrants to this region came from what is now termed the Cornish "central mining district" of Camborne and Redruth. Real del Monte's steep streets, stairways and small squares are lined with low buildings and many houses with high sloping roofs and chimneys which indicate a Cornish influence. Mexican remittances from these miners helped to build the Wesleyan Chapel in Redruth.

The Panteón de Dolores, which became the largest cemetery in Mexico, was founded in 1875 by Juan Manuel Benfield, the son of Anglican immigrants. Benfield fulfilled his father's goal of creating a cemetery after his sister was refused burial in Catholic cemeteries and had to be interred at a beach.

According to the 1895 National Census, 3,263 residents were from the United Kingdom.

The twin silver mining settlements of Pachuca and Real del Monte are being marketed as of 2007 as 'Mexico's Little Cornwall' by the Mexican Embassy in London and represent the first attempt by the Spanish speaking part of the Cornish diaspora to establish formal links with Cornwall. The Mexican Embassy in London is also trying to establish a town twinning arrangement with Cornwall. In 2008 thirty members of the Cornish Mexican Cultural Society travelled to Mexico to try and re-trace the path of their ancestors who set off from Cornwall to start a new life in Mexico.

Culture

The Cornish introduced institutionalized football to Mexico. A plaque was placed at the site of the first game in Real del Monte. The English also introduced other popular sports such as rugby union, tennis, cricket, polo, and chess. Football clubs founded by Britons included the British Club, Rovers FC Mexico and Reforma Athletic Club. The most successful club founded by Britons is C.F. Pachuca.

Cuisine
The paste is a pastry with Cornish roots. Introduced by miners from Cornwall who were contracted in the towns of Real del Monte and Pachuca in Hidalgo. The Cornish miners may have also introduced the turnip to Mexico.

Demographics
There were 3,589 UK-born residents in Mexico recorded during the 2010 census, up from the 3,172 individuals counted in the 2000 census. The census only requests place of birth (administrative division or country), the government does not ask its citizens for ancestry nor additional citizenship. According to the British Embassy in Mexico, there were about 15,000 British citizens living in Mexico.

Institutions
British immigrants established several institutions of their own, among others:
 Saint Andrew's Society of Mexico (1893)
 Anglo Mexican Foundation (1943)

Notable individuals

See also

 British Honduras
 Immigration to Mexico
 Las Pozas
 Mexicans in the United Kingdom
 Mexico–United Kingdom relations

References

Further reading
 Dobson, David, Scots in Latin America, Genealogical Publishing Com. (2003)  (list of known Scottish migrants to Latin America, primarily during the 19th century)
Villalobos Velásquez, Rosario. Inmigrantes Británicos en el Distrito Minero del Real del Monte y Pachuca, 1824-1947: Un Acercamiento a la Vida Cotidiana. Mexico City: The British Council/Archivo Histórico y Museo Minería 2004.
 Young, Virginia G., The British in Mexico, The British and Commonwealth Society, (1987)

External links
 Los que llegaron - Ingleses from Canal Once (in Spanish)

Mexico
Ethnic groups in Mexico
European Mexican
Immigration to Mexico


title: Dahomeyan Democratic Union

text:
The Dahomeyan Democratic Union (, UDD) was a political party in French Dahomey.

History
The UDD was established in 1955 by a merger of the Dahomeyan Progressive Union (UPD) and the African People's Bloc (BPA). It aimed to be a nationwide party, but despite initially gaining support from across the country, it quickly became identified as the party of the Fon of Abomey and Cotonou.

The party failed to win a seat in the French National Assembly in the 1956 elections, and split into two factions later in the year over the issue of affiliation with the African Democratic Rally (RDA); former BPA leader Justin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin became head of the dominant RDA faction, whilst Alexandre Adandé and former UPD leader Émile Derlin Zinsou headed the smaller UDD-Convention.

Despite its internal problems and regionalised support base, the UDD emerged as the second-largest party in the 1957 Territorial Assembly elections, winning seven seats. However, the 1959 elections produced an unbalanced result; although the UDD received 44% of the vote, more than any other party, it won just 11 of the 70 seats in the Territorial Assembly, whilst the Dahomeyan Democratic Rally (RDD) won 22 seats with 17% of the vote and the Republican Party of Dahomey (PRD) took 37 seats, more than three times the number of the UDD. Following the elections, accusations of fraud led to an agreement being reached with the PRD to redistribute nine seats. Although this increased the UDD's seat tally to 20, it was still the smallest party in the Assembly.

In elections held the following year, the Dahomeyan Unity Party, a merger of the PRD and the RDD, won every seat after President Hubert Maga changed the electoral system, leaving the UDD without parliamentary representation. Following the elections, the UDD was banned on 11 April 1961 and Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin was imprisoned.

References

Defunct political parties in Benin
Political parties established in 1955
Political parties disestablished in 1961
Rassemblement Démocratique Africain
1955 establishments in French West Africa