title: Kleber Mendonça Filho

text:
Kleber Mendonça Filho (; born 3 November 1968) is a Brazilian film director, screenwriter, producer, and critic.

Early life and career
With a degree in journalism from the Federal University of Pernambuco, Kleber Mendonça Filho began his career as a film critic and journalist. He wrote for newspapers such as Jornal do Commercio and Folha de S. Paulo, for magazines such as Continente and Cinética, and for his own site, CinemaScópio.

Films
As a director, he experimented with fiction, documentary, and video clips in the 1990s. He migrated from video to digital and 35mm film in the 2000s. Over the course of that decade, he made several short films, including A Menina do Algodão (co-directed by Daniel Bandeira, 2002), Vinil Verde (2004), Eletrodoméstica (2005), Noite de Sexta Manhã de Sábado (2006), and Recife Frio (Cold Tropics, 2009), as well as a feature-length documentary, Crítico (2008).

O Som ao Redor (Neighbouring Sounds, 2013) was Mendonça's first feature-length drama, winning numerous awards. Film critic AO Scott of The New York Times included it in his list of the 10 best films of 2012. Caetano Veloso, in his column in the brazilian newspaper O Globo, classified it as "one of the best movies made recently in the world ".

In 2016, his second feature film, Aquarius premiered in competition at the Cannes Film Festival and was later nominated for Best International Film at the 32nd Independent Spirit Awards and the César Award for best foreign film, but lost to Maren Ade's Toni Erdmann and to Ken Loach's I, Daniel Blake, respectively.

In 2013, he was the jury president of the Semaine de la Critique section of the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.

His third film, Bacurau, written and directed with Juliano Dornelles, won the Jury Prize at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, shared with Ladj Ly's Les Misérables.

His second documentary feature, Retratos Fantasmas (Pictures of Ghosts) premiered in the Special Screenings section at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival.

Mendonça's films have received more than 120 awards in Brazil and abroad, with selections in festivals such as New York, Copenhagen and Cannes (Quinzaine des réalisateurs). Film festivals in Rotterdam, Toulouse, and Santa Maria da Feira have presented retrospectives of his films. He has served as programmer of cinema for the Joaquim Nabuco Foundation.

Filmography

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
Brazilian film directors
People from Recife
Federal University of Pernambuco alumni
Brazilian screenwriters
Brazilian film producers
Silver Condor Award for Best Ibero-American Film winners


title: 1974 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1974 State of the Union Address was given to the 93rd United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 30, 1974, by Richard Nixon, the 37th president of the United States. He said, "We meet here tonight at a time of great challenge and great opportunities for America. We meet at a time when we face great problems at home and abroad that will test the strength of our fiber as a nation. But we also meet at a time when that fiber has been tested, and it has proved strong.

"America is a great and good land, and we are a great and good land because we are a strong, free, creative people and because America is the single greatest force for peace anywhere in the world. Today, as always in our history, we can base our confidence in what the American people will achieve in the future on the record of what the American people have achieved in the past."  It was given in the same year America withdrew all assistance from South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Nixon also called for the end of the Watergate investigations. He resigned months later due to the investigations.

References

Inline citations

General references
 1974 State of the Union Address (full video and audio at www.millercenter.org)

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Richard Nixon
Speeches by Richard Nixon
93rd United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
January 1974 events in the United States


title: The Magical Brush

text:
The Magical Brush () is a 2014 Chinese animated fantasy film directed by Frankie Chung. It was released on 25 July 2014.

Cast
Shao Yichen
Meng Xianglong
Hong Haitian
Leo Wu
Guo Yifeng
Wu Wenlun

Reception

Box office
The film earned  at the Chinese box office.

References

2014 films
2010s adventure films
2014 fantasy films
Chinese animated fantasy films


title: Funniest Wins

text:
Funniest Wins is an American reality television competition on TBS show hosted by Marlon Wayans, in which comedians compete to be judged the funniest. The series ran from June 20 to August 15, 2014. The series holds a TV-14 rating, though some episodes are rated TV-MA. The series was later on cancelled on August 15, 2014.

Series overview

Contestants and progress

 The contestant won the competition.
 The contestant(s) was the runner-up.
 The contestant won the Elimination Challenge and was safe.
 The contestant received negative criticism in the Elimination Challenge, but was not in the bottom 2.
 The contestant was in the bottom 2 and was the last to be announced safe.
 The contestant was eliminated from the competition.

Episodes

See also
 Last Comic Standing

External links

2014 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
TBS (American TV channel) original programming
2010s American comedy game shows
2010s American reality television series
Improvisational television series


title: Unforgivable Sinner

text:
"Unforgivable Sinner" is a song written and performed by Norwegian singer-songwriter Lene Marlin, released as her debut single on 12 October 1998 from her first album, Playing My Game (1999). The song reached number one in Norway and number two in Italy, commencing a successful period of hits for Marlin in both countries. In the former nation, it was certified platinum and was the first song by a debut act to enter the chart at number one. The song also reached the top 10 in Sweden and the top 20 in the United Kingdom. Three different music videos were made for the song.

Critical reception
Birmingham Evening Mail called the song a "mature" debut, describing it as the "sort of mid-tempo, intense material somebody like Natalie Imbruglia would release." Håkon Moslet from Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet said in his review of Playing My Game, that "Unforgivable Sinner" is a "clear highlight" of the album. He added that "with its slightly dark and disconcerting atmosphere and a refrain you never seem to get bored with, it is one of a kind." Geir Rakvaag from Dagsavisen noted that the song, with "Sitting Down Here" and "Where I'm Headed" are the "most earcatching" songs of the album. Terje Carlsen from Fredrikstad Blad called it "immaculate". Pia M. Isaksen from Moss Dagblad was less enthustiastic, noting it as "traditional folk", adding that the melody is "nice". New Straits Times called it an "outstanding" tune "set to a pop-hiphop beat with a strong arrangement powered by acoustic guitars". Kjell Nordeng from Nordlands Framtid noted the song with "Sitting Down Here" as "cream of the crop" of the album. Rune Slyngstad from Nordlandsposten gave it 4 out of 6, noting it as a "fresh, nice and sauntering pop-song". Lasse Jangås from Nordlys described it as "wonderful". Pop Rescue wrote, "This one definitely fits in with the likes of [Natalie] Imbruglia’s hit Torn. It has plenty of acoustic strumming, but also plenty of ‘go’ in it too. It's up-beat, catchy, and deserved to be a bigger hit than it was." Linda Nilsen from Tromsø gave the song 6 out of 6, noting that it is "simply something of the best I have ever heard from a Norwegian artist."

Music videos
The first video for "Unforgivable Sinner" was filmed in Norway on 10 July 1998. It features Marlin performing with her guitar at a subway station in Oslo. She also performs while walking in a dark tunnel. Some small scenes in between show her dressed like an angel. Clips from the movie Schpaa are shown through the video. At the end, Marlin as an angel sits atop of a high building looking out over the city.

The second and international version of the video was directed by Stephen Scott and shot at a train station in Toronto, Canada. It has a blue tone and shows Marlin performing inside the station building. A story of a man that is haunted by memories from his childhood is being told in the video. Now grown-up, he keeps seeing the face of a young girl he once knew as a kid. Something happened to her, and he feels guilty. He "sees" her among the crowd of passing people at the station, but then she is gone. In the end the man and Marlin, standing next to each other, are watching the board with train timetables. Then the words "Take Hold Now -- The Future Will Not Remember -- The Past Does Not Forget" suddenly appear on the board.

The third version was directed by Jamie Morgan and features a darkhaired Marlin performing in New York City. In some scenes, she performs in a car that is driving through the city. Other scenes show her at a camping site, where a group of young people are staying, by a caravan. Occasionally a girl wearing wings appears at different sites in the city. The day turns into night and then again to day. The video ends with Marlin strumming on her guitar in the driving car.

Track listings

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

1998 debut singles
1998 songs
Lene Marlin songs
Number-one singles in Norway
Virgin Records singles


title: Angelo Varetto

text:
Angelo Varetto (10 October 1910 in Turin – 8 October 2001 in Milan) was an Italian cyclist.

He was professional from 1934 to 1938.

Palmarès
1934
Asti-Ceriale

1936
Milan–San Remo
Coppa Caldirola

References

1910 births
2001 deaths
Italian male cyclists
Cyclists from Turin


title: Pudhiavan

text:
Pudhiavan () is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Ameerjan and produced by Kavithalayaa Productions. The film stars Murali, Anitha, Raveendran and N. Viswanathan. It was released on 18 August 1984.

Plot

Cast

Murali as Manohar "Mano" and Kishore
Anitha as Revathy
Raveendran as Prakash
N. Viswanathan as M. D. Viswanathan
Delhi Ganesh as Dhananjayan
Mohanapriya as Elizabeth
Vaani as Sundari
Indira Devi
Sulochana
Ramani
R. Sundaramoorthy
Veera Raghavan
Sudhan
Babu
Kumaresh
Suresh
Mahendravarman
S. Kumar
Rajeev in Friendly Appearance
Achamillai Gopi in Friendly Appearance
Poovilangu Mohan in Friendly Appearance
Charle in Friendly Appearance
Arundathi in Friendly Appearance
Agalya in Friendly Appearance
Gangai Amaran in Friendly Appearance
Vairamuthu in Friendly Appearance
N. R. Kittu n Friendly Appearance

Soundtrack
The music was composed by V. S. Narasimhan, with lyrics by Vairamuthu.

Reception
Jayamanmadhan of Kalki wrote the story of Pudhiavan is old rice, but old rice served with curdled onions and grated dates yet its delicious.

References

External links

1984 films
1980s Tamil-language films
Films directed by Ameerjan
Films scored by V. S. Narasimhan


title: 1800 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1800 State of the Union Address was given by John Adams, the second president of the United States, on Tuesday, November 11, 1800, to a joint session of the 6th United States Congress.  It was the first State of the Union Address delivered at the new United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.

Delivered in the Senate chamber, Adams began his speech by congratulating members on their new seat of government and—pointedly—"on the prospect of a residence not to be changed." He added, optimistically, "Although there is some cause to apprehend that accommodations are not now so complete as might be wished, yet there is great reason to believe that this inconvenience will cease with the present session." This would be the last annual message any president would personally deliver to Congress for the next 113 years.

This would be the last State of the Union address delivered as a speech until Woodrow Wilson deliver the 1913 State of the Union Address, as President Thomas Jefferson delivered the 1801 State of the Union Address as a written message because he felt a speech to Congress felt too monarchical.

References

External links

 Corpus of Political Speeches, publicly accessible with speeches from United States, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China, provided by Hong Kong Baptist University Library

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of John Adams
Speeches by John Adams
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
6th United States Congress
State of the Union
November 1800 events


title: Customer Service System

text:
The Customer Service System (CSS) of the BT Group (previously British Telecommunications) is the core operational support system for BT, bringing in 70% of income for the company (figures from 1997). BT rolled out CSS nationally in 1989 and provided an integrated system for telephony—order handling, repair handling and billing.

BT Customer Service System (BT/CSS) was developed by Logica in 1984, costing £1bn to implement, representing the largest computer project undertaken in Europe and the largest integrated database in the world, at the time.

In 2005, the CSS databases deployed by BT handled 23 million customers, with 13 terabytes of data spread out over 28 mainframe images.  The databases supported 230 million transactions per day generated by over 40,000 users.

CSS is still used by BT but it is now controlled by Openreach. BT retail migrated all accounts from CSS to a new billing system known as Geneva/Oneview/Avalon. This was to support the migration to WLR3.

References

Telecommunications systems
BT Group


title: Cubitt (car)

text:
Cubitt was a British motor vehicle manufactured in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire from 1920 to 1925. Around 3,000 vehicles were built.

History
The Cubitts Engineering Co. Ltd. was originally a construction company which built much of Central London - Covent Garden Market, the Cenotaph and the 'new' east wing of Buckingham Palace. It had been founded by Thomas Cubitt around 1815, in association with his brothers William and Lewis. In 1883 the business was acquired by Holland & Hannen, a leading competitor, and became known as Holland & Hannen and Cubitts and subsequently as Holland, Hannen & Cubitts.

In 1920 they began manufacturing motor vehicles at the Great Southern Works on the Bicester Road in Aylesbury under the name Cubitt, completing circa 3,000 motor vehicles between 1920 and 1925. Cubitt employed mass production techniques to compete with the flood of American imports, and they openly stated that it was an American type car, simple and rugged. Manufacturing difficulties, primarily with component suppliers, prevented both the 5,000 per year target and the low target price.

In 1922 S.F. Edge (director of Napier cars; director of British Anzani; and managing director of AC Cars) bought the company and also became managing director. He employed J.S. Napier (of Arrol-Johnston not of Napier Cars) as both director and designer, who went on to introduce the reduced weight side-valve version of the engine for the K4 and L4 models.

In January 1925 (or 1924) Edge decided that AC Cars would manufacture their own version of the Anzani engine at the Aylesbury works and thus cancelled the order for 30 engines a month from Anzani - this engine production probably only continued until c.1927.

In February 1925 a receiver was appointed, Cubitt was declared bankrupt and third party investors, such as James Putman of Farringdon, lost a lot of money.

After the demise of Cubitt motor manufacturing in 1925 and the A.C. Cars engine manufacture circa 1927, the Great Southern Works was involved in other piecemeal projects including making shop-fittings until it was demolished and redeveloped for domestic housing in the 21st century. The marque is commemorated by 'Cubitt Street' (and Edge Street) which traverse the old works.

Models

The 16/20 used 2.8 litre, 4 cylinder engines with coil ignition, plus a four speed gearbox with a central gear lever. Unusually the final drive was by a worm gear arrangement. It was a family car that could achieve 50 mph for £442, and was considered good value by contemporary motoring magazines. The body cost £20 to build and the car was described as high and heavy, although it was also possible to have a body fitted by a different company. The slogans were Big value for little money and The right car at the right price.

In 1925 the K4 and L4 models were introduced featuring a new engine of the same capacity, but lightened and simplified by conversion to side valves instead of overhead valves, use of aluminium pistons and lighter connecting rods. The side-valve engine may have been for streamlined production, cost, reliability or weight-saving reasons. The cantilever rear springs were replaced with semi-elliptic springs and the rear axle was fitted with an underslung worm drive. The K4 used a 3 metre wheelbase and the L4 was approximately a foot longer.

See also
Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
Timeline of motor vehicle brands
List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Other sources
 David Culshaw & Peter Horrobin: The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895–1975. Veloce Publishing plc. Dorchester (1999).

External links
Old Classic Cars - Pictures of Cubitt 16/20hp tourer.
Double de clutch. Image and profile of Cubitt
Christies Auction, C.1926 Cubitt 15.9HP Two seater with Dickey
Cunningham Classic Cars, 1925 Cubitt K4

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1920
1920 establishments in England
British companies established in 1920
Companies based in Buckinghamshire


title: Sven Montgomery

text:
Sven Montgomery (born 10 May 1976) is a former Swiss professional cyclist.

Career
Early on, Montgomery was considered to be a very promising rider. He turned professional in 1998 with the , with his career lasting until 2006. Throughout his career, he rode for several prestigious professional teams including ,  and . He was considered a climber. After finishing third in the 2000 Tour de l'Avenir, he won the fifth stage of the Grand Prix du Midi libre and the mountains classification of the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré in 2001. He competed in four editions of the Tour de France, but failed to finish any.

Montgomery's career was overshadowed by bad luck. In 2001, during his best season, he was badly injured in a crash at the Tour de France, where he suffered several serious injuries to the face and head, making him almost blind. This heavy fall notably prevented him from riding for almost the entire following year. During the 2004 Giro d'Italia, he suffered multiple injuries, including a tear of his scapula and a broken collarbone. In addition, he fell badly ill in 2002.

Because of his numerous setbacks, Montgomery retired at the age of 30 in 2006. He then became a directeur sportif for the , a professional women's team.

Career achievements

Major results

1997
 2nd  Road race, European Under-23 Road Championships
1999
 2nd Overall UNIQA Classic
 3rd Wartenberg Rundfahrt
 5th Josef Voegeli Memorial
 6th Overall Tour de Suisse
 8th Overall Regio-Tour
2000
 3rd Overall Tour de l'Avenir
 4th Overall Tour de Suisse
 7th GP Industria & Commercio di Prato
 7th Josef Voegeli Memorial
 9th Giro dell'Emilia
 10th Overall Tour de Picardie
2001
 1st Stage 5 GP du Midi-Libre
 3rd Rominger Classic
 4th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
1st  Mountains classification
 6th Overall Tour de Romandie
2003
 6th Luk-Cup Bühl
 8th Overall Tour de Suisse
2004
 1st  Mountains classification Tour de Romandie

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

External links

References

Living people
1976 births
Swiss male cyclists
People from Detmold
Sportspeople from Detmold (region)


ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering software engineering published by the Association for Computing Machinery since 1992. The editor-in-chief is Mauro Pezzè (Università della Svizzera italiana and Schaffhausen Institute of Technology). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.4.

References

External links

Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology
Computer science journals
Software engineering publications
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1992
English-language journals


title: Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site

text:
Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site (call sign Holbrook Bomb Plot) is a Formerly Used Defense Site of  near Winslow, Arizona, that was used as a Cold War Strategic Air Command radar station for the Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Range.  Detachment 2 of the Radar Bomb Scoring Division transferred its personnel and equipment from the South Dakota Interior Radar Bomb Scoring Site (call sign Badlands Bomb Plot) Spring 1968.  The site had a housing area, and after the division became the 1st Electronic Combat Range Group (1ECRG), in August 1989 the detachment and site transferred from the 1ECRG to the 99th Strategic Weapons Wing.

"The last ECM-only sortie" scored by the site was  by a C-130 Hercules from Hurlburt Field, and Holbrook's detachment merged with Detachment 19 from the Poplar, Montana, site to become Detachment 4 at Harrison, Arkansas.  In 1993, "part of Holbrook Radar Bomb Scoring Site [was] conveyed to the National Park Service" (Petrified Forest National Park).

References

Installations of the United States Air Force in Arizona
Military installations closed in 1993
1986 establishments in Arizona
1993 disestablishments in Arizona
History of Navajo County, Arizona


title: Maine State Route 173

text:
State Route 173 (SR 173) is a  route that stretches from the Lincolnville Ferry Terminal in Lincolnville at its southern end to SR 220 in Liberty at its northern end. The route is located in Waldo County.

Route description
SR 173 officially begins at the Lincolnville Ferry Terminal of the Islesboro Ferry (connecting to the town of Islesboro). The route winds through the community of Lincolnville within the town of the same name before reaching U.S. Route 1 (US 1). Now following Beach Road, SR 173 generally heads northwest through forested area paralleling Frohock Brook at first as it curves around hills of Camden Hills State Park. The road makes sharper curves at the communities of Carvers Corner and Stevens Corner until it reaches Drakes Corner where SR 52 forms a concurrency with SR 173. The two routes together head into Lincolnville Center, the home of the administrative buildings of the town, on Main Street. The road intersects SR 235 at its northern terminus before SR 52 splits from the concurrency allowing SR 173 to continue alone on Searsmont Road. It enters the town of Searsmont and curves around Levenseller Mountain.

At Bickfords Corner, SR 173 makes a sharp turn to the southwest to cross a small stream then travels west. The road comes to a T-intersection with SR 131 where SR 173 heads southwest on Main Street with SR 131 to downtown Searsmont. Just south of the Saint George River, SR 173 ends its concurrency with SR 131 and heads west along Woodmans Hill Road through a wooded area. It later curves to the northwest and passes through the unincorporated communities of Woodmans Hill and South Montville (the latter of which is along SR 173's short portion within Montville). Along Stevens Pond Road, the route reaches Trues Pond Road and heads west through downtown Liberty as the town's main street. The route ends at an intersection with SR 220.

Junction list

See also

References

External links

Floodgap Roadgap's RoadsAroundME: Maine State Route 173

173
Transportation in Waldo County, Maine


title: Briar (software)

text:
Briar is an open-source software communication technology, intended to provide secure and resilient peer-to-peer communications with no centralized servers and minimal reliance on external infrastructure. Messages can be transmitted through Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, over the internet via Tor or removable storage, such as USB sticks. All communication is end-to-end encrypted. Relevant content is stored in encrypted form on participating devices. Long-term plans for the project include support for distributed applications such as crisis mapping and collaborative document editing.

The initial target audience for Briar includes "activists, journalists and civil society" with plans to make the system "simple enough to help anyone keep their data safe." As the ability to function in the absence of internet infrastructure may also make the project valuable to disaster response and aid organizations, the developers are working with the Open Humanitarian Initiative and Taarifa. Ultimately, the developers aim to create a system which is "as simple to use as WhatsApp, as secure as PGP, and that keeps working if somebody breaks the Internet." It is possible for an Android device to download Briar from another Android device which already has Briar installed.

Briar's source code is published as free software and the Android app is distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL-3.0-or-later license, while the desktop version is released under the Affero General Public License. Briar Desktop runs on Windows, macOS and Linux. Briar Desktop will also run on true Linux (non-Android) mobile phones, running operating systems like Manjaro, PureOS and postmarketOS, once it has been adapted to mobile form-factors.

Briar was audited by Cure53 and spoken highly of in a report delivered 20 March 2017, and was recommended to be given a second audit after development completes. As of 2018 the project received $361,100 of funding from the Open Technology Fund.

Briar uses the Bramble protocol suite (Bramble Handshake Protocol, Bramble QR Code Protocol, Bramble Rendezvous Protocol, Bramble Synchronisation Protocol, Bramble Transport Protocol) that is specifically designed for delay-tolerant networks. As of January 2023, these protocols are not implemented by other messengers; Briar can only talk to Briar.

See also
 Mesh networking
 Smartphone ad hoc network
 Specific projects/protocols
 B.A.T.M.A.N.
 Jami (software)
 Serval Project
 Tox (protocol)
 Bridgefy

References

External links

Internet-related activism
Mesh networking
Communication software
Instant messaging clients
Tor (anonymity network)


title: Museica

text:
Museica is the sixth studio album by the Italian rapper Caparezza, released on April 22, 2014.

Music and lyrics

According to Caparezza, Museica is "more or less rap rock. It’s not a Bob Dylan album."

Track listing
 "Canzone all'entrata"
 "Avrai ragione tu (Ritratto)"
 "Mica Van Gogh"
 "Non me lo posso permettere"
 "Figli d'arte"
 "Comunque dada"
 "Giotto Beat"
 "Cover"
 "China Town"
 "Canzone a metà"
 "Teste di Modì"
 "Argenti vive"
 "Compro horror"
 "Kitaro" (Michele Salvemini, Mizuki Shigeru, Taku Izumi)
 "Troppo politico"
 "Sfogati"
 "Fai da tela" (feat. Diego Perrone)
 "È tardi" (feat. Michael Franti)
 "Canzone all'uscita"

Bonus tracks
 "Museica Documentario (Short Version)"

Commercial performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2014 albums
Caparezza albums
Rap rock albums


title: Pretty Belinda

text:
"Pretty Belinda" is a song written and recorded by Chris Andrews, which he released as a single in July 1969.

Commercial success
The single did not enter the UK singles charts but it reached the No. 1 spot in Austria and peaked at No. 3 in Germany. It was released in South Africa in December 1969, where it peaked at No. 1. Andrews's follow-up single Carole OK was less successful but also reached No. 1 in South Africa where it was released in April 1970.
A 1970 Ola Håkansson recording, "Söta Belinda", was released as a single. scoring a Svensktoppen hit for 11 weeks between 26 July-4 October 1970, peaking at position 3.

Charts

In popular culture
The song was used as theme music for Filip och Fredrik's Swedish tv series 100 höjdare, aired from 2004 to 2008. That version was performed by accordionist Roland Cedermark.

References

1969 songs
1969 singles
Chris Andrews (singer) songs
Songs written by Chris Andrews (singer)
RCA Victor singles


title: Socialist Action (Hong Kong)

text:
Socialist Action () is a Trotskyist political organisation in Hong Kong. It is affiliated with International Socialist Alternative (ISA) and works closely with the ISA sections in China and Taiwan. It describes itself as being based on the method and analysis of Marxism, to politically re-arm and organise the working class in the fight for a socialist world. They oppose the Chinese Communist Party, which they claim has made China the 'Sweatshop of the World' with one of the most extreme wealth gaps on the planet. They stand for the creation of fighting independent trade unions by Chinese workers to fight against capitalist exploitation and authoritarian rule.

Socialist Action criticises the approach of the main pan-democratic opposition parties in Hong Kong, which they claim to be incapable of success. Socialist Action plays a role in workers' strikes, environmental protests and campaigns for migrants' rights.

Origins
Socialist Action was founded in 2010 by young activists involved in the 2010 Hong Kong by-election () campaign for universal suffrage which followed the resignation of 5 pro-democracy lawmakers from Hong Kong's Legislative Council. While supporting the general aims of this movement against the Hong Kong government's limited electoral reform proposals, Socialist Action campaigned behind the slogan "Realise democracy – Kick out the capitalists!" This was "to raise the flag of socialism and explain why the struggle for democratic rights must challenge capitalism in order to succeed."

In addition to supporting the movement's main demands for abolition of the legislature's elite-based functional constituencies and election of Hong Kong's Chief Executive by universal suffrage, Socialist Action also called for the lowering of the voting age to 16, the right of migrants to vote, for legislators to receive only a skilled workers' wage, and for the Legislative Council to be replaced by "People's Assembly".

The magazine Socialist () was started in 2009 by mainland Chinese activists as an underground publication which is banned by the Chinese authorities. From 2010 Socialist Action began joint production of the magazine which is not banned in Hong Kong. Since 2011 a Taiwan edition of the magazine has also been produced.

Umbrella Revolution and democracy struggle
Socialist Action played an active part in the Umbrella Revolution of mass occupations which gripped Hong Kong for 11 weeks in the autumn of 2014. They described this movement for a democratic election system as the most serious challenge to China since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Socialist Action was especially active in the working class district of Mong Kok, considered to be the most radical of the three occupation zones.

School strikes

Socialist Action argued that while mass occupy movements were a good way to begin mobilising a mass movement, this would not by itself be enough to force the Chinese government to concede free elections in Hong Kong. Socialist Action was the first organisation in Hong Kong to raise the demand for school strikes as a weapon in the democracy struggle. The potential of this tactic was partly demonstrated by the weeklong student strike called by the Federation of Students and other groups in September 2014. This strike cut across the prevarications and delaying strategy of the pan democratic politicians and their allies leading the Occupy Central campaign, and thereby gave birth to the mass 'Umbrella Movement'. Socialist Action had argued in meetings and rallies in the year-and-a-half preceding the mass movement that school strikes should be built upon by escalating to workers' strikes and other forms of mass civil disobedience. The Umbrella Movement erupted as a largely spontaneous movement after the intensive use of tear gas by police against protesters on 28 September, something not seen in Hong Kong since the anti-British riots of 1967. This spontaneity insured that the traditional pan democratic political groups were unable to fully consolidate their leadership over the movement, which also explains why it lasted much longer than these parties envisaged or wanted. But spontaneity – lacking organisation and a clear strategy – proved insufficient to carry the movement to victory. According to Socialist Action's analysis a vacuum of ideas arose over how to take the movement forward, which showed the need for democratic control of the movement by its grassroots activists and a much clearer strategy to link the democratic struggle in Hong Kong with growing anti-government sentiment in China.

Another feature of Socialist Action's approach has been to stress the link between democratic demands and economic struggles over soaring rents, stagnating wages, and the lack of a universal pension system and standard working hours in Hong Kong. The fight for genuine universal suffrage cannot be separated from the fight against the capitalist elite which controls economic and political decision-making, they argue. During and indeed long before the Umbrella Revolution erupted, Socialist Action criticised the mainstream pan democratic politicians and their NGO allies for being "tied politically to the coat tails of the capitalist class". Given the capitalists' support and acceptance of the current dictatorial system in China, from which they benefit economically, Socialist Action argues that those parties and groups with a pro-capitalist political outlook limit themselves to demanding very partial democratic reforms and refuse to call for the overthrow of the CCP dictatorship or for extending the democracy struggle into China. In June 2014, when Civic Party lawmaker Ronny Tong Ka-wah launched a proposal to 'democratise' the nomination committee, which Beijing is insisting upon as a means to vet election candidates for the post of Chief Executive, Socialist Action denounced this as "another rotten compromise attempt" and staged protests at a meeting called by Tong and attended by mainland officials.

Democratic committees

Socialist Action also took issue with what it claimed was too little internal democracy within the Umbrella Movement, accusing the pan democratic leaders of "imposing their undemocratic 'small circle' model of leadership upon protest movements in Hong Kong." They called for democratic grassroots' committees to be set up inside the occupation movement and for all discussions on tactics and political demands to be conducted through such democratic structures. Socialist Action's campaign for internal democracy within the Umbrella Movement took a major turn when the leaders of the Occupy Central campaign tried to organise an online referendum inside the occupations. This followed televised talks between the Hong Kong government and student representatives on 21 October 2014. The proposed online referendum, which was initially supported by the leaders of the Federation of Students, included a question on whether to accept or reject the government's offer of a 'supplementary report' to Beijing, something many considered to be an insignificant gesture. Socialist Action campaigned vigorously against the proposed referendum saying it was a misuse of 'democracy' within the movement and a manoeuvre to call off the protests, a position that was widely reported in the Hong Kong media. The referendum was killed off by mass pressure from the occupiers, with the student leaders withdrawing their support.

National Education struggle
Many of the controversies that emerged during the Umbrella Movement such as which forms of struggle are most effective and the need for genuine internal democracy were also raised two years earlier in the mass movement against 'school brainwashing', the popular name for the government's Moral and national education plan. These mass protests culminated in a weeklong occupation outside the Government Headquarters in Tamar in September 2012. Socialist Action was the only organisation that proposed a city-wide school strike as a means to escalate the protests. Student members of Socialist Action launched a 'City-wide School Strike Campaign' to propagate this idea. The Tamar occupation was abruptly called off by its leading group – a coalition of NGOs and representatives of the Professional Teachers' Union. This in the opinion of Socialist Action was another example of insufficient democratic discussion and lack of grassroots control through democratic structures. The City-wide School Strike Campaign was the only force in the movement that openly criticised the way the movement was called off, arguing that a full victory could have been achieved instead of settling for the government's partial retreat over this issue.

Political views
Socialist Action members are active in many campaigns against state repression and to defend the rights of political dissidents including several of their own members who have been persecuted by the Chinese state. In October 2011 Socialist Action members helped the young mainland Chinese dissident Zhang Shujie to escape from China and seek asylum in Sweden. Zhang, a regular contributor to their underground magazine 'Socialist' () and the chinaworker.info website, was arrested as part of the major crackdown of 2011, which followed the fall of the governments in Tunisia and Egypt in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. Zhang faced the danger of a long prison term on charges of "contact with a banned organisation" and "crimes related to national security" (a very common accusation against critics of the Chinese Communist Party). Zhang revealed to a seminar in the Swedish parliament in 2012 that public security officials in Chongqing offered him his freedom in return for passing on information about other left-wing activists. The police paid for him to visit a Socialist Action conference in Hong Kong in October 2011 but instead of spying on the participants, the visit was used to organise his escape. The Stockholm parliamentary seminar was attended by Hong Kong legislator 'Long Hair' Leung Kwok-hung who also actively assisted Zhang Shujie's escape from China.

Supporting workers' struggles
Socialist Action campaigns for the rights of working-class people by giving practical assistance, solidarity, and tactical proposals to workers' struggles. Before Hong Kong introduced a statutory minimum wage in 2011, a move fiercely resisted by employers' organisations, Socialist Action actively campaigned for the minimum wage to be set at HK$33 per hour and called for a mass recruitment drive to strengthen unionism in notorious low-wage sectors such as the retail and catering industries. In a widely criticised move, the government set the minimum wage at the low level of HK$28 per hour. Due to the effects of inflation and especially higher housing costs, Socialist Action in 2015 argued for the minimum wage to be raised to HK$45 per hour, compared to the government set level of HK$32.50.

In the 40-day strike of Hong Kong dockworkers in 2013 which challenged Li Ka-Shing's business empire, Socialist Action collected 36,000 Hong Kong dollars for the strikers. They proposed specific actions to strengthen the strikes’ effectiveness and go beyond the limited, largely media-centred concept of struggle favoured by union officials. Socialist Action has consistently supported strike action by workers in pursuit of their rights such as the high-speed railway construction workers' strike in August 2013, the strike by transport workers at Swire Coca-Cola HK in October 2013, the Lohas Park construction workers' strike also in 2013, and strikes by lifeguards at public beaches and swimming pools in July and September 2014. Socialist Action stresses the need to abolish the outsourcing system, a root cause of low wages and poor worker protection, and urges workers to actively transform their unions into fighting organisations in defence of workers' rights. On several occasions Socialist Action has organised solidarity actions to raise support for mainland Chinese workers such as during the Yue Yuen footwear workers' strikes of 2014, in Guangdong province, which were the largest factory stoppages in China for three decades. In the autumn of 2013 international protests were organised to demand the release from detention of Shenzhen workers' representative Wu Guijun. In close coordination with its sister organisations of the Committee for a Workers' International, Socialist Action and the chinaworker.info website organised protests at Chinese embassies in 13 cities around the world from Sydney, Australia to Bangalore, India. Wu was released in June 2014 in what was an important and rare victory for China's fledgling independent workers' movement.

Other campaigns by Socialist Action include a series of protests in 2013-14 against the decision to open Sai Yeung Choi Street in Mong Kok to all-day traffic thus ending its status as a pedestrian haven with live music, cultural performances, and open air political meetings. In 2013, Socialist Action also actively campaigned against the persecution of schoolteacher Lam Wai Sze who became the target of a hate campaign by pro-government groups after her protests against harassment of other organisations were caught on camera and went viral on social media. Socialist Action organised protests at the Education Bureau against threats to take disciplinary action against Lam.

Women's rights, against discrimination

Socialist Action actively supports women's struggles such as the protests by Hong Kong's migrant domestic workers against discrimination and violence (as highlighted by the case of Erwiana Sulistyaningsih) and to abolish the iniquitous recruitment agencies which charge these workers extortionate and illegal fees. Every year on 8 March, Socialist Action has hosted a manifestation in Causeway Bay involving women from different nationalities to reclaim International Women's Day as a day of struggle for women's rights and against the patriarchal capitalist system. Women in Hong Kong are discriminated by government policies that favour the tycoons and despite politicians' talk of greater equality, average wages for women are 30 percent lower than men's. Housewives are not protected under the current pay-as-you-earn pension system and the government refuses to provide a basic pension system, even though it holds more than HK$700 billion in accumulated budget reserves.

Socialist Action has also been an active supporter and participant in the annual Slutwalk HK protests against sexism and victim blaming. A 2013 survey showed 50 percent of Hong Kong female students report being sexually harassed in schools, and 25 percent of women have faced domestic violence. Socialist Action argues that the right-wing political establishment, corporate media, and the state – senior judges and police chiefs – reinforce gender oppression and promote ideas to constrain women's rights and freedoms. Likewise, Socialist Action has an active record in opposing homophobia and fighting for the rights of LGBT people, whose struggle against oppression and discrimination has a long way to go in Hong Kong.

Democratic socialism
According to Socialist Action, Socialists and Marxists have always been to the fore in mass struggles for democratic rights, subscribing to Lenin's view that "Democracy is indispensable to socialism". Socialist Action argues that the one-party 'communist' dictatorships of Stalin, Mao, and their successors, were a million miles removed from genuine socialism and communism despite the fact that those bureaucratically distorted regimes rested on state-owned economies and a form of planning. Socialist Action insists that real democracy cannot be won within the confines of capitalism, which everywhere including in the most developed 'Western democracies' means the control of politics by unelected billionaires and big corporations. Capitalism therefore means dictatorship – either by openly authoritarian regimes (as in China, Singapore and Saudi Arabia) or by the financial markets (as in the capitalist 'democracies'). The alternative, according to Socialist Action, is genuine socialism with a democratically run and publicly owned economy that can be planned to meet the needs of the population. This would involve the mass of citizens as workers and consumers in democratic decision-making and taking control over society's resources.

A new mass workers' party
Socialist Action points to the need for new mass working class parties on a world scale, as the political vehicles needed to organise successful mass struggle and win support for a socialist programme against capitalism and dictatorship. They are cognisant of complex and contradictory political moods running through all layers of society at the present time. They see this as a legacy of the political confusion caused by the collapse of the Stalinist one-party states that falsely claimed to be 'socialist', and the metamorphosis of the old social democratic parties which have lost their former working-class roots to become outright capitalist parties.

Opposing racism and nationalism

Right of abode for migrant workers
The growing threat of racist and nationalist divisions has been a major issue for Socialist Action, reflected in many of its campaigns. In 2011 it organised counter-protests together with Filipino migrant women against marches sponsored by the pro-government group Caring Hong Kong Power that targeted Asian migrants and opposed granting the right of abode. Socialist Action declared its opposition to Hong Kong's highly discriminatory policies against Asian migrants and called for the right of abode to apply equally as for other nationalities. They urged Hong Kong people not to be swayed by the racists' campaign and called for united working class struggle for higher wages, more affordable housing and an expansion of public services. While most political parties in Hong Kong have either opposed the right of abode for migrants or tried to evade the issue for fear of losing votes, Socialist Action's candidate in the 2011 District Council elections (Un Chau and So Uk constituency of Sham Shui Po District), Sally Tang Mei-ching, issued an election leaflet: 'The truth about the right of abode issue'. This stated that "racism is a threat to all working people regardless of nationality – we must unite against it."

Nativists and Anti-Mainlander Sentiment

In 2012 Socialist Action together with Youth Against Racism organised a demonstration at Lingnan University to protest against a full-page advertisement in Apple Daily newspaper that portrayed mainland Chinese people as "locusts". Socialist Action argued that the increasingly vocal nativist movement in Hong Kong and some sections of the pro-government camp have scapegoated mainlanders as the root cause of Hong Kong's social problems such as overstretched healthcare and social services, soaring housing costs and overcrowded public transportation. While recognising these problems as severe and disproportionately affecting the poorest sections of Hong Kong society, Socialist Action argued it is the economic rule of the billionaires and their extreme neo-liberal policies (outsourcing, privatisation and deregulation) that in turn have led to housing market speculation, shortages, and a decline in public services. To counter the arguments of nativist groups, Socialist Action calls for democratic control over the border, tourism, and housing policies, and public ownership of the banks and major conglomerates along with an end to privatisation and outsourcing of public services – political change that can only be achieved through united struggle of working people of all ethnicities.

Refugees

In 2014 Socialist Action gave active support to the campaign of the Refugee Union, a group formed to fight for the rights of asylum seekers in Hong Kong. Together with Socialist Action the Refugee Union activists staged a well-organised and peaceful six-month-long occupation in Central (close to IFC) to demand the government cancels its contract with welfare operator International Social Services (ISS). ISS has attracted massive criticism over its perceived high-handedness and failure to fully meet its contractual obligations in respect of rent and food allowances to refugees who are banned from working in Hong Kong. Following a long campaign, the government (Social Welfare Department) made significant concessions to the Refugee Union's demands in early 2015. These included replacing the widely criticised food parcels with a coupon system. On 29 January 2015, a deadly fire broke out in the New Territories at a former pig farm converted into slum housing for refugees under an ISS-supported programme. Sri Lankan asylum seeker Sivarajah Sivatharan was killed in the fire, a tragedy that reignited debate over the Hong Kong government's cruel policies towards refugees. Socialist Action joined with Refugee Union members in a protest outside the Social Welfare Department offices in Wan Chai to demand policy changes after the fire.

Controversies
The pro-Beijing newspaper, Ta Kung Pao, ran a front-page attack on Socialist Action and League of Social Democrats legislator Leung Kwok-hung in its edition of 10 June 2014. The article accused the Committee for a Workers' International, to which Socialist Action is affiliated, of "ultra left and violent methods" and of "fomenting riots" in Brazil, Sweden and Turkey. Socialist Action disputed the allegations and argued that CWI sections were not instigators of riots and oppose rioting as a blind, desperate form of protest, and that CWI organises mass struggle around clear working class and socialist demands. Ta Kung Pao also claimed that Socialist Action cooperates with Civic Passion, a right-wing nativist group. Socialist Action rejected the claims, and replied to these allegations in an article that stated,"Ta Kung Pao's concern over violence is worthy of an 'Oscar' given its silence over the military massacre of protesters in Beijing in 1989... [this] is part of a wider CCP propaganda offensive to discredit the most radical sections of the democracy struggle."

Socialist Action has also faced accusations from nativist groups spread widely on social media that it collects funds improperly by running campaign stalls and by selling its magazine at demonstrations. Socialist Action has rebutted these allegations and points out that many other political groups, particularly in the pro-democracy camp, also raise funds at demonstrations. Their critics have complained that Socialist Action appeals for donations on "too many issues" – ranging from opposition to war in the Middle East to women's rights and press freedom. In response, Socialist Action replied that as an internationalist and socialist organisation, the group does not have a Hong Kong-only agenda, but fights alongside socialists in other countries against what they view as capitalist oppression around the world. "We won't accept any corporate or government funding – not from China or the US... We want to build a new fighting democracy movement with a mass working class political party at its core. This also means our attitude to raising money is different. We raise money from grassroots supporters and through spreading a socialist magazine," the organisation said.

Performance in elections

District Council elections

References

External links
Socialist Action
International Socialist Alternative

2010 establishments in Hong Kong
Communist parties in China
Democratic socialism in Hong Kong
Far-left politics in China
Hong Kong
Political parties established in 2010
Political parties in Hong Kong
Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)
Socialist parties in Hong Kong
Trotskyism in China
Trotskyist organizations in Asia


title: Tacna Locomotive park

text:
Tacna Locomotive park, (Parque de la Locomotora) is a park, located in the center of the city of Tacna, Peru.

There is an old train in the park.

Train History
The train was built to house the hundred year old. And the model is Engine Number 3.

In 1859, the train was built in Pennsylvania.

In 1879, during the war with Chile, the train was carried Peruvian troops to defend the Arica hill.

And during the Chilean occupation, continued working between Tacna and Arica.

In 1940, it broke down.

In 1977, repaired and put into the park.

Location
Avenida Grau

References
Notes

 i Peru(2014), "Informacion de Tacna".

Geography of Tacna Region
Tourist attractions in Tacna Region
Parks in Peru


title: Mahesh Acharya

text:
Mahesh Acharya () was the minister of Forest and Soil Conservation of Nepal under the government led by Sushil Koirala.  Acharya won the Morang–6 seat in Nepalese Constituent Assembly election, 2013 from the Nepali Congress. Acharya is the member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly, he is a central member of Nepali congress, Acharya plunged into politics since panchayat era from NC, by taking part in the anti-panchayat movement with leaders including Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Girija Prasad Koirala.

Personal life
Mahesh Acharya was born to Ganesh Prasadh Acharya and Shanta Acharya on 6 August 1954 in Biratnagar, Nepal.

Political career

He participated in 1989 and 2006 democratic movements too. From various committees of Nepal Student Union to different units and organization of the NC, he took responsibility with key roles. He was Minister of Finance of Nepal from 1991 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2001. He lost the election in 2017 from Morang - 4.

References

1954 births
Living people
Government ministers of Nepal
Nepali Congress politicians from Koshi Province
Finance ministers of Nepal
Forestry ministers of Nepal
People from Biratnagar
Nepal MPs 1999–2002
Koirala family
Khas people
Members of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly


title: Namma Ooru Poovatha

text:
Namma Ooru Poovatha () is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Manivasagam and produced by Rajeshwari Manivasakam. The film stars Murali, Gautami, Goundamani and Senthil. It was released on 19 November 1990, and Gautami won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actress.

Plot

Cast

Murali as Ponarasu
Gautami as Poovatha
Goundamani as Everything Ekambaram
Senthil as Ekabaram's sidekick.
Jai Ganesh
Anandaraj
Pasi Narayanan
Thideer Kannaiah
Dubbing Janaki
Ganga
K. K. Soundar
P. S. Mani
Suryakanth
Karuppu Subbiah
Master Anandhan
Joker Thulasi
Appu
Thanjai Nallon
T. Rajamani
J. Naadar
Uma Mohan
Maheswari
K. Janaki
Vijayadurga
M. R. Sulakshana
Vasuki
Theni Kunjarammal
V. Prabhadevi
Ganga
Vadivu
J. Mala
Latha
Pondicherry Jayanthi
Chitra Guptan

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Deva, with lyrics by Kalidasan.

Release and reception
Namma Ooru Poovatha was released on 19 November 1990. C. R. K. of Kalki wrote it is a typical love story set in a village backdrop; even if viewers understand the direction the story leading to during the beginning of the film, the efforts made by the director to carry it without losing momentum were perfect. Gautami won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Actress.

References

External links

1990 films
1990s Tamil-language films
Films directed by Manivasagam
Films scored by Deva (composer)


title: 1801 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1801 State of the Union Address was written by Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, on Tuesday, December 8, 1801. It was his first annual address, and it was presented in Washington, D.C, by a clerk. He did not speak it to the 7th United States Congress, because he thought that would make him seem like a king.  He said, "Whilst we devoutly return thanks to the beneficent Being who has been pleased to breathe into them the spirit of conciliation and forgiveness, we are bound with peculiar gratitude to be thankful to Him that our own peace has been preserved through so perilous a season, and ourselves permitted quietly to cultivate the earth and to practice and improve those arts which tend to increase our comforts." During the address Jefferson proclaimed the Washington Doctrine of Unstable Alliances.

References

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Thomas Jefferson
State of the Union Address
Works by Thomas Jefferson
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
7th United States Congress
December 1801 events
State of the Union


title: Wilfred Risdon

text:
Wilfred Risdon (28 January 1896 – 11 March 1967) was a British trade union organizer, a founder member of the British Union of Fascists and an antivivisection campaigner. His life and career encompassed coal mining, trade union work, First World War service with the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), political and animal welfare activism.

Early life, 1896–1920
Wilfred Risdon was born in Bath, Somerset, England, on 28 January 1896, the youngest of ten surviving children of Edward George Fouracres Risdon (1855–1931), a bespoke boot and shoe maker born in Devonport, Devon, and Louisa née Harris (1851–1911) from Exeter, Devon, who also worked intermittently as a shoe machinist. In his childhood, Wilfred Risdon is reputed to have been a devout Christian because his father was an adherent of the Plymouth Brethren. His grandfather committed suicide in 1862 when Edward Risdon was only 7 years old. This zealous Christianity undoubtedly influenced Wilfred Risdon's later career. Although the 1911 census describes Risdon as working in bookbinding, and he had presumably finished schooling at the age of 14, he soon started working at one of the local Somerset collieries. Although the work would have been physically demanding for such a young boy, the wages might have been marginally better, especially after a few years' experience if it is assumed that he survived.

At the time, many Somerset coal miners moved to South Wales for better career prospects, and at some stage, Risdon joined the exodus. In Wales, he became involved in union work, and either before or during the First World War, he aspired to a South Wales Miners' Federation (SWMF) scholarship for a place at the Central Labour College, in competition with a colleague, Aneurin Bevan, who was awarded the place in 1919 while Risdon was still in Germany with the army of occupation (British Army of the Rhine). Risdon finished his war service with the rank of sergeant but had also suffered shell shock, which affected his heart for the rest of his life. He decided to become a political organiser, and as a result of his association with trade unionists, his inclination was socialist.

Politics, 1921–1939
Around 1921, Risdon moved to Weymouth, Dorset, perhaps at the invitation of his older brother Charles Risdon (1884–1972); he was certainly living there after Charles's first wife Ellen Ann, née Sheppard (born 1884) died in 1922. Risdon was working as a political organiser for the Labour Party and, in 1924, he was selected as Labour candidate for the South Dorset constituency in the October general election. South Dorset was a staunchly-Conservative constituency, and Risdon was defeated by the incumbent, Major Robert Yerburgh, 1st Baron Alvingham. One of the factors contributing to the defeat of Ramsay MacDonald's ten-month minority government was the Zinoviev letter. Risdon went back to his organising work in the south west of England, but he also started cultivating links with Birmingham, most probably because the then regional organiser, J H Edwards, was replaced in 1924 by Clem Jones, previously the divisional Labour Party agent in Smethwick. One of those links was with Fircroft College, "a residential college for working men" and so, as well as meeting his future wife at one of the socialist summer schools in the Birmingham area, he also encountered for the first time his future colleague, mentor and employer, Oswald Mosley, most probably at the 1925 Independent Labour Party (ILP) Easter Conference in Gloucester. Mosley, a recent convert to socialism, was determined to dislodge one of the highest profile members of the "Birmingham Caucus", Neville Chamberlain. He was only narrowly defeated at Ladywood, Birmingham, in the 1924 election, and that aspiration had to take second place to his desire to return to Parliament, which he was able to do in 1926 albeit in an adjacent constituency, Smethwick. There is no specific evidence that Risdon helped with this campaign, but his close association with Mosley at the time is generally acknowledged.

By 1929, Risdon was living in Acocks Green, Birmingham, and he was now Midlands Divisional Organiser for the ILP. The following year, he organised the Easter Conference, held that year in Birmingham. By then, Mosley, although successful in cultivating Labour support in Birmingham and district, had used his own resources to finance the winning of six of the twelve available seats for Labour at the 1929 general election and was becoming increasingly pessimistic about the probability of achieving his goals of economic and social reform, even with a non-cabinet ministerial post, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Therefore, he set about drawing up his own proposals, which were referred to as the Mosley Memorandum. After being ignored for over two months, it was finally rejected in May 1930, which convinced Mosley that resignation and criticism of the government from the backbenches was the way forward. By the autumn of that year, there was a "Mosley Group" in Parliament, including Risdon's erstwhile colleague, Aneurin Bevan. Mosley reconstituted the memorandum into a Manifesto, which was published on 13 December 1930. His thinking that the state should play a strong role in the affairs of the country and that it "should constitute a public utility organisation to turn out houses and building materials as we turned out munitions during the war" was made clear in his "immediate plan to meet an emergency situation". However, by then, Mosley had already started making plans for a new political party, including an office at One Great George Street, Westminster, in January 1931, and the same month, the proposals contained in the Memorandum and the Manifesto were published as a 61-page pamphlet, A National Policy, with the authors given as Aneurin Bevan, W. J. Brown, John Strachey and Allan Young.

The New Party was founded on 1 March 1931. Risdon is known to have continued to work as Midlands Divisional Organiser for the ILP until early February but since the core of Mosley's new movement was based in Birmingham (prior to the formation of the New Party, what had already become known as "Mosleyism" had been described as "Birminghamism rampant"), Risdon was undoubtedly one the New Party's founder members. His first major responsibility for the fledgling party was as election agent for Allan Young at the April 1931 by-election at Ashton-under-Lyne, a Labour seat, near Manchester. Young barely saved his deposit by earning third place with 16% of the votes cast. The Labour supporters were angry at their candidate being beaten into second place and formed a raucous mob outside the polling station, but Mosley faced them down and commented to Risdon, "We saw worse than this in the war, Bill". Not long afterward, Risdon was sent to Newcastle to develop a regional organisation in the North-East of England, and by the beginning of October, he had created branches in Hull, Newcastle and Gateshead. Mosley meanwhile initiated a plan for an "active force" of stewards (forerunners of the later controversial "Blackshirts"), who were supplied in part by a nationwide network of athletic clubs that was aimed at British youth. That was deemed necessary to prevent the violence and the intimidation that was a feature of most of the New Party's meetings, but that behaviour was not experienced only by the upstart party.

The central planning of the New Party was at best haphazard, and in July, the support for local party organisation was drastically reduced, but Gateshead was considered important enough to warrant a candidate at the 1931 general election at the end of October. RRisdon was again election agent, this time for the candidate James Stuart Barr, an old friend from Birmingham. His main rival was Ernest Bevin, for Labour. Not one of the 50 New Party candidates, including Barr, was successful at the election, which forced forcing Mosley to take stock. The party was reduced to little more than an embryonic Youth Club organisation, known as NUPA (a mnemonic for NuParty), which confirmed the view of many that Mosley appeared to be and indeed was moving towards an openly-fascist party. Risdon was left with little to do and, without a regular salary, opened an advertising agency. He retained a rump of committed New Party supporters. Meanwhile, Mosley was moving ever closer to fascism, visited Italy in January 1932 to study the Italian version at close quarters and met Benito Mussolini. In May and June, Mosley worked on "his exposition of the policy and philosophy of the new movement", The Greater Britain. Risdon received his copy in September, a month ahead of publication, and set about organising a local branch for Mosley's transformed political movement, the British Union of Fascists (BUF, or "British Union") of which Risdon was a founder member. The inaugural ceremony on 1 October 1932, was attended by 32 founder members, most of whom wore black shirts.

Risdon remained in Newcastle until February 1933, when he moved to London to take up his post as Mosley's first Director of Propaganda. His main area of responsibility was organising Mosley's public meetings, the first of which was held at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester on 12 March. The following month, he was one of a party of 14 from the BUF who visited Italy for Mussolini's International Fascist Exhibition in Rome. At the time, his salary in the BUF was second only to that of Dr. Robert Forgan, Director of Organisation. The first high-profile meeting he organised was at the Albert Hall in London on 22 April 1934, which passed off without any trouble. A few months after the notorious Olympia meeting of 7 June that year, and the Blackshirt stewards were then accused of using excessive force in ejecting troublemakers. Risdon was replaced as DoP by a relative newcomer who was a compelling public speaker, William Joyce. Risdon moved to Manchester to spearhead a recruiting campaign in the North-West of England, which proved to be very successful: "The BUF opened about a score of propaganda centres in the cotton towns which, under Risdon's direction, enrolled new members by the thousand and were so successful as seriously to worry the Labour Party".

By now, he was writing regularly for the organisation's three albeit not concurrent periodicals, The Blackshirt, Fascist Week and Action as well as occasionally in The Fascist Quarterly. Around then, the police-style Action Press uniform started to be issued to the most dedicated members, but Risdon positively refused to wear it. In 1936, the wearing of political uniforms was banned under the Public Order Act, partly as a response to the violence of Cable Street for which the British Union was not directly responsible. Towards the end of the same year, Risdon was promoted to Assistant Director General (Electoral) as a recognition of his expertise in the field of electoral organisation. The movement also published his book, A Guide to Constituency Organisation. The following year, the British Union published a five-page pamphlet written by Risdon, Strike Action or Power Action?, in which he outlined the benefits to trade unionists of the corporate state, as proposed by British Union.

After the disappointing results in the 1937 London municipal elections (following which Joyce and John Beckett were removed) and with the clouds of war gathering, it appeared to be increasingly unlikely that the planned general election in 1940 would take place although British Union's chances of electoral success were diminishing rapidly. In July 1939, therefore, Risdon left the British Union without even tendering his notice. That was not a precipitate move since he had a position to go to in organising a canvass on public attitudes towards vivisection for an organisation called the London and Provincial Anti-Vivisection Society (LPAVS), whose committee secretary was an erstwhile colleague, Norah Elam, also known as Mrs. (or "Lady") Dacre-Fox.

Antivivisection, 1939–1967
Risdon had been in his new post for less than a year when he was arrested under Defence Regulation 18B, which facilitated internment without charge or trial, on 23 May 1940 as a potential fifth columnist, along with around 80 other present and former members of British Union, men and women, and taken to Brixton Prison, as was Mosley. They were given the opportunity to appeal, and Risdon's appeal was heard on 11 July before an Advisory Committee chaired by Mr. Norman Birkett KC. No decision was made or conveyed on the day, but it was decided that Risdon was not a threat to national security, and he was released from prison on or around 9 August. He was not able to resume his previous position immediately, but he was back within a matter of weeks, and by February 1941, he was Assistant Secretary. At the end of 1940, however, he made one of his most significant contributions to animal welfare during the war, a design for an air raid shelter for domestic pets that required only a minor alteration to an existing Anderson shelter.

By January 1942, Risdon was Secretary of the LPAVS committee. Meanwhile, he encountered and developed a working relationship with Lord Hugh Dowding, who was committed to animal welfare, including anti-vivisection. During 1956, approaches were made to the National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS), with a view towards amalgamation, and at the end of that year, the LPAVS was wound up and incorporated into the larger NAVS. Risdon became Secretary of the combined organisation. There were also moves towards an amalgamation with the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) at various times, but they did not succeed. In 1961, after two years of negotiations with the BUAV and the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection (SSPV), the Lawson Tait Memorial Trust, intended to commemorate the Scottish surgeon and anti-vivisectionist, Robert Lawson Tait (1845–1899), was set up with Risdon as Secretary. In 1962, he submitted an essay entitled Vivisection is Fundamentally Evil to a subcommittee on Health and Safety of the United States Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, chaired by Kenneth A. Roberts, during the second session of the 87th United States Congress. His most audacious public relations coup came in 1964 when he engineered the move of the NAVS headquarters to 51 Harley Street in the heart of the medical establishment.

It was during his time there that Risdon wrote his Biographical Study, an appreciation of the life and work of Lawson Tait, published at the beginning of 1967. The foreword was written by Lord Dowding, who described the work as "Mr. Risdon's remarkable book". It was ironic that Risdon died from a heart attack at his home in Harley Street on 11 March 1967, but his tireless work undoubtedly advanced the cause of anti-vivisection in Britain. A biography written by his grand nephew, J. L. Risdon, called Black Shirt and Smoking Beagles. A Biography of Wilfred Risdon: an unconventional Campaigner was published in 2013, .

Private life
As well as being a prolific writer, both for British Union, and the LPAVS/NAVS (for which he also wrote under the pseudonym of W. Arr, he was also a keen book critic/reviewer, an accomplished carpenter, garden lover and a talented artist, according to his stepson Brian, and Brian's son Gary.

Risdon met Margaret Ellen (also known as Margaret Helen or Nellie) Geen, née James, (10 March 1895 – 22 March 1981) in Birmingham, through their shared involvement in socialism. She was from Cardiff, south Wales, and already had two children, Sheila (born 1923) and Brian (5 September 1925 – 13 January 2003) from her previous marriage to Alfred Geen, a flour mill worker. She had moved to Birmingham to train as a midwife. They married at Leeds North register office in March 1935, and although Margaret was living and working in Leeds, Risdon continued living in Manchester until February 1936, when he bought a house in north west London for his family. After Risdon's death, Nellie Risdon moved to Reading, Berkshire, and she died in the Sue Ryder hospice at Nettlebed, near Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire.

References

1896 births
1967 deaths
Anti-vivisectionists
British animal welfare workers
British Army personnel of World War I
British coal miners
British Plymouth Brethren
British trade unionists
English British Union of Fascist politicians
Independent Labour Party politicians
People detained under Defence Regulation 18B
People from Bath, Somerset
Royal Army Medical Corps soldiers


title: Ardern George Hulme Beaman

text:
Ardern George Hulme Beaman (1857–1929) was a British adventurer, author, diplomat and war correspondent.

Biography

Born in 1857 in Hoshangabad, India, where his father was an assistant surgeon in the Indian Medical Service, Ardern Hulme Beaman was educated at Bedford School. He became Acting British Vice consul in Beirut, Damascus and Cairo, and was engaged at the British Consulate in Cairo in July 1882 at the time of the Bombardment of Alexandria by the Royal Navy. He subsequently attached himself to Lord Charles Beresford, to the headquarters staff of Lord Wolseley, and to Sir Charles Wilson. In December 1882, he observed the court-martial of Ahmed ‘Urabi on behalf of the British Government, and attached himself to Sir Henry Drummond Wolff and to Lord Dufferin in Egypt. After defending prisoners before the Alexandria court-martial he joined the staff of the London Evening Standard in 1883, and became its correspondent in Egypt, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Russia, Turkey, and Austria-Hungary.  He was the London Evening Standard's war correspondent during the British Nile Expedition, between 1884 and 1885, and during the Cretan Insurrection, between 1897 and 1898. He was the London Evening Standard's Paris correspondent between 1907 and 1916, joining the Intelligence Staff of the general officer commanding British forces in Egypt between April 1916 and September 1921.

The brother of Sir Frank Beaman, Puisne Judge in the High Court, Bombay, Ardern Hulme Beaman died in London on 23 July 1929.

Publications

Ardern Hulme Beaman was the author of a life of Stefan Stambolov, 1896,  Twenty Years in the Near East, 1898, Pons Asinorum or Bridge for Beginners: A Short Treatise on the New Game of Bridge, 1899, English and Continental Bridge, 1902, Travels without Baedeker, 1913, and a translation of Leo Tolstoy's Master and Man, 1895.

References

External links

1857 births
1929 deaths
People educated at Bedford School
British war correspondents
English war correspondents
British male journalists
British writers
British people in colonial India


title: Joseph Frost Edger

text:
Joseph Frost Edger was a British leading merchant in China and Hong Kong. He was one of the first Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

In 1843, J. F. Edger was admitted as the resident partner of the Jamieson, How & Co., one of the leading merchant houses in Hong Kong at the time. In 1849, Governor George Bonham proposed to Earl Grey, the Secretary of State, to give the local merchants the right to nominate two representatives to the Legislative Council. J. F. Edger and David Jardine were nominated by the unofficial Justices of the Peace. In June 1850, Edger and Jardine were sworn in, being the first unofficial members of the Legislative Council.

References

Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Hong Kong people of British descent
British businesspeople
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing


title: Statue of Queen Victoria, Sydney

text:
The Statue of Queen Victoria, currently in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, was made by John Hughes in 1908 and was originally located in Dublin. Made of bronze, it is situated on the corner of Druitt and George Street in front of the Queen Victoria Building. It was the last royal statue to have been erected in Ireland.

Sculpture
The Queen toured Ireland in April 1900, prompting the Royal Dublin Society to propose a national monument to her. Her death nine months later spurred a second burst of enthusiasm. John Hughes, instructor in Modelling at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art, was commissioned to create the statue and moved his studio to Paris to cast the work. It was his most important commission to date. Almost a decade later, it was unveiled in Dublin, Ireland, in the enclosed courtyard of Leinster House on 17 February 1908. At a ceremony with 1000 troops on parade, the Lord Lieutenant declared "we are assembled here to dedicate this noble work of art to the perpetual commemoration of a great personality and a great life."

The statue shows an effort to portray Victoria Regina as the 'Irish Queen' rather than the 'British Sovereign'. She is seated in a low chair rather than an elaborate throne, allowing the artist to contain the figure within a sphere rather than as a towering pillar. (Other seated examples place her on a high throne.) And she wears a simple coronet rather than the royal or imperial crown...Moreover, the statue portrayed her as the Sovereign Head of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, Ireland's order of chivalry dating from 1783. The star on her left breast, and the pendant badge, feature shamrocks, crowned harps, and St Patrick's Cross. The St Patrick reference probably backfired. It confirmed Ireland's colonial subordination. Round her neck the chain alternates the red and white roses of England.

The statue sat atop a portland stone column, also designed by Hughes, with three sculptural groups to be placed below – "Fame", "Hibernia at Peace" and "Hibernia at War". This last group was also known as "Erin and the Dying Soldier" and referred to the loyalty demonstrated by Irish soldiers in the Boer War.

Location

Ireland
In 1922, 14 years after the statue's installation, Leinster House had become the seat of the Irish parliament, the Oireachtas, and nationalistic sentiment disapproved of having a British queen celebrated in such a location. The statue had by now been given the nickname "The auld bitch" by Irish writer James Joyce. In August 1929 The Irish Times reported that discussions were under way to remove the statue “on the basis that its continued presence there is repugnant to national feeling, and that, from an artistic point of view, it disfigures the architectural beauty of the parliamentary buildings.”

It was removed from its original location in July 1948 and replaced with a carpark. It was transported by lorry to the Royal Hospital Kilmainham and, along with the associated three sculptural groups, was placed in a courtyard and left, developing a patina. The hospital had also been a proposed site for the parliament, and was used as a storage location for property belonging to the National Museum of Ireland. It is now the Irish Museum of Modern Art. Attempts to send the sculpture to London, Ontario did not succeed as neither the Canadian nor Irish governments wished to pay the cost of transport. In February 1980 the statue was transferred to a yard behind a disused children's reformatory at Daingean, County Offaly.

The associated sculptures from the base of the statue are currently in the collection of Dublin Castle.

Australia
In the mid-1980s, the iconic Queen Victoria Building in central Sydney was undergoing major renovations after decades of disuse, and appropriate public art was being sought for the entrance. Neil Glasser, Director of Promotions for the company undertaking the renovations (Singapore's Ipoh Gardens Ltd), travelled to several former British colonies in the hope of finding a statue. After a "considerable amount of sleuthing", the statue, sitting in long grass behind the reformatory, was rediscovered and proposed to be moved to Australia. In order to obtain approval, Glasser contacted John Teahan, the Director of the National Museum of Ireland, and Sydney's Lord Mayor contacted the Irish Ambassador in Canberra. In August 1986 Fine Gael Taoiseach, Garret FitzGerald, authorised that the statue be given to Australia "on loan until recalled". Subsequently, declassified cabinet papers showed that the plan was opposed by the then finance minister John Bruton (later to be Taoiseach), as well as Teahan, on the basis that it represented the work of an Irish artist and "...representative of one of the many traditions of Irish history".

The statue was transported by sea to Australia that year, restored in Sydney, and installed at its present location 43 years after it had last been on display. Despite heavy rain an unveiling ceremony took place on Sunday 20 December 1987 overseen by Eric Neal, Chief Commissioner of Sydney, and Dermot Brangan, first secretary at the Irish embassy to Australia. The irony of the British Queen being "transported" to Australia by ship was not lost on the Irish media. In the days before the unveiling the embassy and the Daily Telegraph newspaper received anonymous threats of violence and protest about "the propriety of an Irish government giving a statue of Victoria as a gift."

A second statue nearby is of the Queen's favourite pet, a Skye Terrier named "Islay", begging above a wishing well on behalf of the Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children. At a cost of $10,000, Sydney sculptor Justin Robson modelled the bronze work from an 1843 sketch by the Queen. The location of the statue is actually to disguise the ventilation shaft for the new carpark underneath the renovated building. The wishing well also includes "a poem telling the story of Islay which will be specially translated into Braille, four proverbs highlighting the morality of giving in six different languages, and a piece of stone from Blarney Castle, Ireland." Since 1998, a recorded request for donations, supposedly being "spoken" by Islay, has been played at regular intervals from hidden loudspeakers. The recording says, "Because of the many good deeds I've done for deaf and blind children, I have been given the power of speech", and then expresses thanks for donations. It is voiced by local radio personality John Laws and concludes with two barks, also by Laws.

See also
 List of statues of Queen Victoria
 Cloud Arch, a major proposed sculpture to be placed nearby

References

Australia–Ireland relations
Sydney
Buildings and structures completed in 1908
Monuments and memorials in Sydney
1908 establishments in Australia


title: Mankind (band)

text:
Mankind were a disco band formed in 1978 consisting of engineer Don Gallacher, keyboard player Mark Stevens, Dave Christopher on guitar, Dave Green on bass and Graham Jarvis on drums. They had a #25 on the UK Singles Chart with a disco rendition of the Doctor Who theme music.

Background
In an interview with MigMag.co.uk, engineer Don Gallacher said that he had the idea for a disco version of the Doctor Who theme music after hearing Meco's Star Wars Theme, and at the suggestion of his three-year-old son, decided that as disco was still popular, it would be a good idea for him to create a disco version of Dr. Who's theme. He commented: "If it wasn't disco it was punk, and I couldn't stand punk".

Together with keyboard player Mark Stevens, he recruited guitarist Dave Christopher, bassist Dave Green and drummer Graham Jarvis - his usual session drummer, Graham Hollingsworth, wasn't available - and booked, in his words, "the cheapest 24-track studio I could find, above a bingo hall in Clapham, London" and had the track completed in twelve hours: three hours a day, for four days. According to the inlay notes of "The Ultimate Seventies Collection Volume 6: Solid Gold", a BMG/Telstar 8-disc box-set released in 2001 that featured the track, that studio was known as "Gaumont Studios". He added some vocals due to the BBC Radio 1's "absolute anti-instrumental policy: if it didn’t have a voice on it, they wouldn’t play it" which he later denounced as "absolute garbage". The single was backed by "Time Traveller".

After Gallacher sent cassette copies off to the major labels, he decided to release the single himself so that it could be released in time for Christmas. He found a small pressing plant, Motor Records, which said "we'll do it all for you" and produced 500 copies. Shifting them was not easy, however; Gallacher called the sleeve "so awful – I couldn’t bare to look at it, let alone put it out. It had this horrible orange sticker... it looked as if someone had made up an old stamp-printing set, like a kiddie’s printing set – horrible", and "the only way that a record shop would buy stock from the makers was to have an account. Getting an account with a major was not an easy thing to do". However, he eventually found a wholesaler - Ray Self of the One Stop record shop in Euston Tower - who agreed to produce the first 1,000 copies as long as they were 12-inch picture sleeves. They were printed as "dazzling, eye-catching translucent blue" vinyls with no writing on it; talking to MigMag.co.uk, he said this was because a supermarket supplier "advised me that a product label is designed to get the customer to pick it up. If they pick it up they are more than 60% likely to buy it. So I had the cover designed without any writing on the front at all. The record shop owners would literally have to pick it up to see what it was".

On 13 October 1978, he collected and delivered the new pressings to the wholesalers, clubs and smaller shops around London. On his way home, he spotted a disco and asked the DJ to play his record. Despite it being in the shops for a matter of hours, the DJ took out his copy of the record, leading Gallacher to believe he may have a hit on his hands.

Eventually, distribution was delegated to Pinnacle at the suggestion of Pete Waterman, then a new distributor, who produced new 7-inch pressings and multi-coloured versions of the 12-inch. The deal was biased towards Pinnacle due to his desire to "get it over and done with", who placed a sticker saying "Pinnacle Records" placed over the "Motor" logo and the word "Motor" placed somewhere else on the record in far smaller print. They got it played on Radio Luxembourg, though not BBC Radio One, as they would have seemed biased in playing a remix of one of their theme tunes. On 25 November 1978, the track entered the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart, eventually peaking at #25 and spending 12 weeks in the chart. Gallacher reckons that over 240,000 copies were sold and that "if a single sold that many copies between October and January in the present day, it would probably be number one for the entire Christmas/New Year period".

Top of the Pops
Even before the track had been recorded, Gallacher had contacted Graham Williams, the then producer of Doctor Who, and at a meeting over a drink, he told him what he wanted - if they made it onto Top of the Pops, they wanted their performance to contain "swirling Daleks and the TARDIS and all those effects". He made a point of doing it as early as possible, on the grounds that "if we have to ask for them with one day's notice it will never happen".

After the song charted, distributor Pinnacle rung Gallacher to tell him they would be appearing on Top of the Pops. They performed three times, with these performances involving the band wearing Tom Baker-esque hats and scarves, the audience bopping, and visuals of the Bernard Lodge credit sequence being mixed in. In addition, Paul Martinelli substituted for Dave Christopher (because, according to Gallacher, "he wasn't good looking enough") and in what Gallacher called a "welcome irony" Graham Hollingworth on drums. It is unknown why they were engaged, however Gallacher suggested they may have been on tour with Cliff Richard. However, miming to the track was not allowed due to instructions from the Musicians' Union and thus they had to re-record it and then mime to that. This was next to impossible; though the musicians were capable of recording the backing track in one take, Gallacher and Stevens had spent days overdubbing keyboards and synthesizers, which couldn't be redone in three hours. Thus, Gallacher told the members to arrive before the Union representative arrives, and that they would "pretend" to re-record the track. However, Dave Green, the bass player, heeded no such instruction and arrived later, leading to Gallacher needing to hit "talkback" and give instructions to Green and take frequent "trips to the loo"; on one of these, Gallacher found Green ascending the stairs, whispered to him instructions, and he snuck into the studio.

1979 Doctor Who convention
1,000 copies were produced exclusively for the first Doctor Who convention in Los Angeles. Gallacher was exclusively responsible for the fourth Doctor, Tom Baker, being present at the convention, as he found out that the BBC TV technicians were going on strike that day and thus asked convention producer Lucy Chase Williams and her co-producer Amy Krell if it was worth him calling Graham Williams to see if Baker could get there. The convention was on the top of the Sunset Hyatt Hotel and demand was such that the queue for autographs filled the entire convention floor and down into the street outside and they had to continue the following day on Venice Beach.

After "Dr. Who"
Pinnacle wanted Mankind to issue a follow-up recording immediately. However, the follow-up, "Chain Reaction", flopped despite thousands of pounds being spent on it and it being recorded in a 48 track studio and being backed by "Funky Revolution". An extended period of time went by before Mankind was resurrected for Ovation Records, for "Dark Star Angel" and "UFO", which were released in 1980 and flopped. Mark Stevens, Paul Martinelli, Dave Green and Graham Jarvis are all deceased.

Appearances in other media
The song was used in an advert for The Androids of Tara.
Pea Green Philharmonic Pullover Set covered this song for a six-track covers EP in 1979.
Ron Grainer himself recorded a version in 1979 as a 'middle-way' between the original, orchestral version, and Mankind's version. This version appeared on his album The Exciting Television Music of Ron Grainer.
The song was remixed in 1984: Gallacher was commissioned by the BBC to produce a remix for a recording, and was assisted by Ron Baker. The B-Side, "Dr. When", was based on an abandoned ABBA tribute, "My My My".
The song was featured as the B-Side of Dominic Glynn's 1987 version of the theme music.
In 2001, an shortened version of the 7-inch version was featured on the BMG/Telstar compilation album The Ultimate Seventies Collection Volume Six: Solid Gold.
In 2011, Gallacher assembled all six seventies recordings - "Dr. Who", "Time Traveller", "Chain Reaction", "Funky Revolution", "Dark Star Angel" and "UFO" and released an album of their radio edits and then their club versions.
In 2013, that album was rereleased physically with extra opening and closing tracks: a remix by Dos Amigoz opens the album; the 1984 remix closes it. This rerelease came about after he ran into his old friend, Andy Richmond, and owns his own label, Mondo Recordings, and mentioned his ideas for a Mankind album. He promptly received a phone call in favour of the idea, and suggested that Dos Amigoz did the remix. On the subject of that remix, Gallacher said "I awaited the new remix with some trepidation. What if I didn't like it? Well, it arrived and I didn't like it - I absolutely loved it! These were the sounds I could only dream about in 1978!"

References

Musical groups established in 1978


title: Chris Wood (actor)

text:
Christopher Charles Wood (born April 14, 1988) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Kai Parker in the sixth season of the CW's television series The Vampire Diaries in 2014, after previously appearing on The CW's The Carrie Diaries in the role of writer Adam Weaver in 2013. He also starred in the 2016 CW television series Containment in the starring role of Atlanta police officer Jake Riley. From 2016 to 2018, he played Mon-El on the CW superhero series Supergirl. In 2021, Wood voiced He-Man in Masters of the Universe: Revelation. In 2022, he played Russell Hammond in the Broadway musical Almost Famous.

Early life
Wood was born in Dublin, Ohio. He attended Elon University in Elon, North Carolina, where he graduated in 2010, with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Music Theater. He has been friends with actor Grant Gustin since college.

Career
After graduation, he played Melchior in the 2010–2011 national tour of Spring Awakening and Prince Eric in The Little Mermaid in August 2011 at the Music Theatre of Wichita. He also played Joe Hardy in Paper Mill Playhouse's production of Damn Yankees in 2012, which later played at the 5th Avenue Theatre.

He made his film debut in a made-for-TV movie entitled Browsers in early 2013. In August 2013, producers of The Carrie Diaries announced that Wood would join the show in its second season, which was cancelled by The CW in May 2014.

Wood appeared as the recurring role of Malachai Parker on season six of The Vampire Diaries; he returned to the role in a guest appearance in the eighth and final season of The Vampire Diaries. He reprised the role in the second season of the spinoff series Legacies in 2020. He appeared also in a guest role as Paul, in the episode "Beach House" of Girls in 2014.

In 2015, Wood was cast in The CW drama series Containment, portraying officer Jake Riley, and gained 30 pounds for the role. The series was canceled in early 2016 after 13 episodes. In April 2016, Wood was cast in a 2-episode role on the second season of the PBS period drama Mercy Street. In July 2016, he was cast as a series regular in the role of Mon-El for the second season of Supergirl,. Following heavy viewer backlash to the character, Wood left the series at the end of the third season. He would briefly reprise the role for the 100th episode, "It's a Super Life", and the series finale, "Kara".

In 2020, Wood was cast in the pilot for Thirtysomething(else), a sequel to the ABC drama Thirtysomething, in which he would have played Leo Steadman, Hope's (Mel Harris) and Michael's (Ken Olin) son. The network did not pick up the series for air however, citing budget issues and lack of "star power within the new leads". On February 24, 2020, Wood was revealed to be playing Prince Adam and He-Man in Masters of the Universe: Revelation, with its first half released July 23, 2021, and its second on November 23 that same year. On June 2, 2022, it was announced that Wood would be playing Russell Hammond in Almost Famous, a musical based on the film, opening on Broadway in October 2022. After mixed reviews and a 74% average seating capacity, the show announced in December that it would be closing with its last performance January 8, 2023. In March 2023, the short film Snowshoe, which Wood wrote, directed, and stars in, with The Flashs Grant Gustin, was released on YouTube.

Personal life
When Wood was in his early twenties, his father died due to an untreated mental health condition that resulted in psychotic symptoms. His death was the culmination of a manic episode that eventually led to heart failure. Wood believes he was not able to get his father the help he needed soon enough because of the stigma and lack of awareness around mental health.

Since his father's death, Wood has become an active ambassador for mental health awareness and member of the Board of Directors for Mental Health America. In October 2017, he launched a mental health awareness campaign and website “IDONTMIND” that works to decrease stigma around mental health and provide resources and education.

In 2016, Wood met co-star Melissa Benoist on the set of Supergirl, after joining the cast for season two and their relationship was confirmed in 2017. They announced their engagement on Instagram on February 10, 2019. The two married in Ojai, California, on September 1, 2019. On March 4, 2020, the couple announced on Instagram that they were expecting their first child. They announced the birth of their son in September 2020.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1988 births
21st-century American male actors
American male television actors
Elon University alumni
Living people
People from Dublin, Ohio
Male actors from Ohio


title: Heterochorista aperta

text:
Heterochorista aperta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1953
Archipini


title: Heterochorista aura

text:
Heterochorista aura is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1984
Archipini
Moths of Papua New Guinea
Taxa named by Marianne Horak


title: Heterochorista chrysonetha

text:
Heterochorista chrysonetha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Papua province of Indonesia on the island of New Guinea.

References

Moths described in 1953
Archipini