title: David Young (Iowa politician)

text:
David Edmund Young (born May 11, 1968) is an American politician who currently serves as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from the 28th District, and previously served as the U.S. representative for Iowa's 3rd congressional district from 2015 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he is a native and resident of Van Meter, a western suburb of Des Moines. He was first elected in 2014 and reelected in 2016; he lost reelection in 2018 to Democrat Cindy Axne. Young unsuccessfully challenged Axne in 2020 in a rematch, losing by 1.3%.

Young was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 2022. He represents parts of Dallas County, including western suburbs of Des Moines.

Early life and education
Young was born in Van Meter, Iowa. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Drake University.

Early career
From 2006 to 2013, he served as the chief of staff to Iowa Republican senator Chuck Grassley. He was previously chief of staff to Kentucky senator Jim Bunning from 1998 to 2006.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2014

The Republican nomination was decided by a convention after none of the six candidates reached the 35 percent threshold required to make the general election ballot. This was the second time in 50 years that a convention picked a nominee and the first time since 2002. A poll conducted by the conservative website Caffeinated Thoughts of 118 of the 513 delegates was conducted on June 9–10, 2014. Young and Brad Zaun took 27% each.

On June 21, 2014, in what was described by the Des Moines Register as a "stunning upset", Young won the nomination on the fifth ballot of the convention. Young went on to defeat Democrat Staci Appel 53% to 42% in the 2014 general election.

2016

Young ran for re-election in 2016. He defeated Joe Grandanette in the Republican primary, which took place on June 7, 2016. He then defeated Democrat Jim Mowrer in the general election, winning 54% of the vote.

2018

Young ran for reelection in 2018. He was unopposed in the Republican Party primary. In the November 2018 general election, he was defeated by Democrat Cindy Axne of nearby West Des Moines. Axne won 49% of the vote to Young's 47.5%, with four different third-party candidates winning the remaining 3.5% of the vote. He won 15 of the district's 16 counties, but could not overcome a deficit of over 30,000 votes in the district's most populous county of Polk.

2020

Young was the Republican nominee in the 2020 election to represent Iowa's 3rd congressional district in the U.S. House. He challenged incumbent Democrat Cindy Axne, who defeated Young in the 2018 election. However, he was again unsuccessful.

Tenure
Young was sworn into office on January 3, 2015.

He was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and the Veterinary Medicine Caucus.

In April 2015, Young joined the Southwest Iowa Housing Trust Fund to announce over $530,000 in affordable housing grants from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (FHLB Des Moines) Strong Communities Fund. The grants would assist nearly 100 residents with key home repairs.

During the January 2018 government shutdown, Young remained in Washington, canceled town hall meetings, and, in solidarity with government employees who were going unpaid during the shutdown, refused to accept his own salary. “I'm disappointed and I can't believe that Congress is getting paid during this time right now,” he said. “The people working hard every day in the military, for our federal government, should not be blamed for this.”

Committee assignments
 Committee on Appropriations
 Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Homeland Security
 Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies

Later political career
In February 2022, Young said that he was contesting the 28th district seat in the Iowa House of Representatives. He won the election and assumed office in January 2023.

Political positions

LGBT issues
In May 2016, he voted to approve a measure aimed at upholding an executive order that bars discrimination against LGBT employees by federal contractors.

Veterans

In 2016, Young sponsored the "No Veterans Crisis Line Call Should Go Unanswered Act" aimed at reducing suicides of veterans. The bill passed the U.S. House unanimously.

Health care
Young voted to repeal the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) in 2015.

Young opposed the original March 2017 Republican effort to repeal Obamacare. When the effort ended in March 2017 with the withdrawal of the GOP health-care legislation from further consideration, Young praised Trump and the party leaders for this action and called for everyone to join anew in “a thoughtful and deliberate process that takes the time and input to get this right to achieve accessible, affordable quality healthcare for every American.”

Young supported the second 2017 Republican effort to repeal Obamacare. On May 4, 2017, Young voted to repeal the Affordable Care Act. This second repeal effort narrowly passed the House 217-213, but failed in the Senate. The repeal bill that Young voted for would have made it possible for states to allow insurers to raise health care premiums for individuals with preexisting conditions who did not have continuous coverage. At the same time as he sought to repeal the Affordable Care Act, Young pushed for an amendment intended to assist those with preexisting conditions who saw their premiums rise; many health policy analysts have questioned whether it would have succeeded in doing so.

In September 2017, Young supported the refunding of the Children's Health Insurance Program.

Tax reform
Young supports tax reform and voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. He said he believed the bill would provide tax relief to Iowans.

In April 2018, he voted for a Balanced Budget Amendment. In June 2018, Young voted for H.R. 3, the Spending Cuts to Expired and Unnecessary Programs Act, also known as the rescission package.

Tariffs
In September 2017, Young was part of a six-member bipartisan delegation that traveled to China to discuss agriculture, North Korea, the South China Sea, energy, and cybersecurity with Chinese officials. “The continued potential for growth in exports to China for Iowa’s products is of great importance to job and economic growth for the state,” said Young. In April 2018, Young told an interviewer that while he agreed with President Trump's belief in the need for “regulatory relief and common-sense regulatory reform and tax relief,” he and many of his constituents believe that “tariffs are taxes,” and are therefore “going to hurt consumers, going to hurt employers.”

Immigration
In January 2018, Young reiterated support for permanent legal status for so-called DREAMers, saying that he would vote for a measure giving them residency while also improving border security. “I want to find a way for those people to be here legally and stay here without fear of deportation,” Young said, but added that he was “not quite there on citizenship” for immigrants covered by DACA. He acknowledged that might support a citizenship guarantee if it was tied to enhanced border security or immigration controls.

Foreign policy

Young supported the 2017 Shayrat missile strike.

Israel
Young, a strong supporter of Israel, visited that country in August 2017 to meet with Israeli and Palestinian leaders and to tour the nation. Young stated: “I look forward to further understanding the unique challenges the people of Israel, and the entire region, face as we work to pursue and achieve policies which will provide security and stability in a region where we have long prayed for peace.”

Abortion
Young opposes using federal funds to pay for abortions. He does not believe Planned Parenthood should receive federal funding. He does "believes in women’s access to healthcare and contraceptives" with the organization relying on outside funding to achieve these ends.

Drug policy

In 2016, Young co-sponsored the Compassionate Access, Research Expansion, and Respect States Act (CARERS Act). The CARERS Act is a marijuana policy reform which would reschedule cannabis to allow it to be researched and would permit states with medical marijuana programs to operate without federal interference.

Electoral history

2014

2016

2018

2020

Personal life
Young is a non-denominational Christian and lives in Van Meter.

As of August 2023, Young is now a professor at his alma mater, Drake University.

References

External links
 Campaign website

1968 births
21st-century American politicians
Drake University alumni
Living people
People from Van Meter, Iowa
Political chiefs of staff
Republican Party members of the Iowa House of Representatives
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
United States congressional aides


title: Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni

text:
Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni (c. 1405–1483) was an Italian Renaissance painter.

Not much is known about Stefano d'Antonio di Vanni's life except through his works. He was born in Florence, and his style puts him in the Florentine School. He primarily painted religious-themed works for local church commissions. He painted frescoes in the former refectory of the parish church of St. Andrea.  He also painted a number of altarpieces with Bicci di Lorenzo.
He was an assistant of Bacci di Lorenzo and, later, one of his main collaborators.
He died in 1483. One of his works is part of the Courtauld Gallery collection.

Works
 Madonna with the Long Neck, Pinacothèque communale, Volterra
 Baptism of San Pancrazio, distemper on wood, 68,5x52 3 cm, Musée Bandini, Fiesole
 Annunciation, tempera and gold on wood (attribution) in collaboration with Bicci di Lorenzo
 Baptism of Christ, Nativity of Jesus, Museo Civico Amedeo Lia, La Spezia
 Last Supper', fresco, Parish Church of St Andrew, Cercina, Sesto Fiorentino
 Madonna of the Girdle'', fresco (v.1430) in collaboration with Bicci di Lorenzo

References

A. Padoa Rizzo e C. Frosinini, Stefano d’Antonio di Vanni (1405–1483): Opere e documenti, in “Antichità Viva", XXIII, 1984,no 4/5, pp. 5–33

1405 births
1483 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Florence
15th-century people from the Republic of Florence


title: Vittoria Caldoni

text:
Vittoria Candida Rosa Caldoni (6 March 1805 in Albano Laziale – 1872?/1890? in Russia) was an Italian artists' model. She was the most popular model among the German artists residing in Rome in the early nineteenth-century; especially those associated with the Nazarene movement. Over 100 paintings with her image have survived.

Life
She was the sixth of nine children born to a winemaking family, and one of five that survived to adulthood. At the age of fifteen, she was "discovered" by August Kestner and was brought to Rome to work as a model. This proved to be very profitable for her family, enabling them to move into larger quarters and begin renting rooms to travelers; mostly artists.

One of their tenants was an aspiring Ukrainian painter named . She married him in 1839 and emigrated to Russia, where they apparently had at least one son.
Grigory became seriously ill with an unspecified condition that affected his eyesight, so he had to give up his plans to become a painter and worked as a minor government official.

Her life in Russia was not well documented (which was common there at that time), so no reliable information exists regarding her date and place of death. It is assumed that her life there was mundane and financially difficult.

Work as a model
Many artists considered her to be an ideal female figure. She was generally portrayed in local costume or allegorical garb, often with attributes that referred to representations of the Madonna.

The exact number of paintings she sat for is unknown and many were destroyed, especially during World War II. There are also a few portrait busts. Complicating matters is the fact that many images of her were not done from life. A portrait of her by Pablo Picasso is an obvious example of this.

Among the artists who are known to have engaged her services as a model, one may mention:

 Ernst von Bandel
 Carl Joseph Begas
 Carl Blechen
 Franz Ludwig Catel
 Peter von Cornelius
 Marie Ellenrieder
 Joseph von Führich
 August Grahl
 Wilhelm Hensel
 Heinrich Maria von Hess
 Peter von Hess
 Franz Horny
 Woldemar Hottenroth
 Auguste Hüssener
 Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov
 Paul Emil Jacobs
 Wilhelm von Kaulbach
 August Kestner
 Eduard Magnus
 Friedrich Mosbrugger
 Michael Neher
 Theobald von Oer
 Carl Oesterley
 Moritz Oppenheim
 Friedrich Overbeck
 Friedrich Preller the Elder
 Johann Anton Ramboux
 Theodor Rehbenitz
 August Riedel
 Johann Scheffer von Leonhardshoff
 Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
 Julius Schoppe
 Joseph Anton Settegast
 Erwin Speckter
 Franz Seraph Stirnbrand
 Franz Xaver Stöber
 Pietro Tenerani
 Bertel Thorvaldsen
 Horace Vernet
 Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein
 Karl Wilhelm Wach
 Friedrich Wasmann
 Theodor Leopold Weller
 Franz Xaver Winterhalter

References

Further reading and sources
 Rita Giuliani: Vittoria Caldoni Lapčenko. La «fanciulla di Albano» nell'arte, nell'estetica e nella letteratura russa (The "Girl of Albano" in Art, Aesthetics and Russian Literature), Gangemi (2013)
Amrei I. Gold: Der Modellkult um Sarah Siddons, Emma Hamilton, Vittoria Caldoni und Jane Morris - Ikonographische Analyse und Werkkatalog. Dissertation. University of Münster (2009).
Ulrike Koeltz: Vittoria Caldoni – Modell und Identifikationsfigur des 19 Jahrhunderts, in the "Europäische Hochschulschriften Reihe XXVIII – Kunstgeschichte". Vol.436. Frankfurt (2010).

External links

 Rome Today/Castelli Today: "Festa della donna: Albano dedica una strada a Vittoria Caldoni" (Albano names a street after Vittoria Caldoni) 8 March 2013.

1805 births
Year of death unknown
People from Albano Laziale
German artists' models
Nazarene movement
Italian artists' models
Italian emigrants to the Russian Empire
Place of death unknown


title: BMW R100

text:
BMW R100, with variant models designated by T, S, CS, RS, RS Classic, RT, RT Classic, TIC, TC, R  and GS is a BMW motorcycle series, using a two-cylinder four-stroke boxer engine of 980 cc capacity. Model production began in 1976, with a premature shutdown and subsequent restart in 1985, and final completion of the series in 1996.

The last of the "airheads," this article also discusses the different /7 models of smaller displacements (R60, R75, R80).

First (/7) and second series
The "slash seven" development was an evolutionary change of the BMW 247 engine from the previous "slash six" and initially constituted the R100RS (51 kW / 70 PS), R100S (48 kW / 65 PS), R100 (44 kW / 60 PS), R75/7 (37 kW / 50 PS) and R60/7 (30 kW / 40 hp).

The R100RS was the first motorcycle manufactured in volume to be fitted as standard with a frame fixed full fairing, a feature pioneered by the Vincent Black Prince.  This innovation was a departure from previous touring fairings, giving birth to the modern sport touring motorcycle.

Brakes
The R100 models received a double disc brake in the front wheel.  For 1976 to 1979 models the front brake was a pivot caliper ATE disc actuated from the controls via cable to a brake master cylinder under the tank.  From 1980 models onwards front brakes were changed to a Brembo fixed caliper brake, and the master cylinder was moved from undertank to the right handlebar.  With the introduction of Monolever models in 1986, the Brembo fixed calipers were mounted on the fork tubes.  The back brake was initially a drum brake.  Starting in the 1978 model year (September 1977), the R100RS, RT and S models received a Brembo rear disc brake with fixed caliper on the rear wheel, and from model year 1985 the rear drum brake returned.

Wheels
The models originally were fitted with wire spoked wheels, but in September 1977 for the 78 model year shifted to an aluminum cast "snowflake" pattern.  The initial aluminum wheels were prone to breakage, prompting a BMW recall for replacement.

Engine and drivetrain
In keeping with the evolutionary development of the Boxer line, the engine was a laterally opposed 2-cylinder boxer engine with lower camshaft and overhead valves.  Driving the camshaft was a duplex  (later simplex) chain with a spring-loaded chain tensioner.  The clutch was a single dry plate with cable actuation.  A 5-speed manual transmission, with an optional kickstarter for the early models, and shaft drive to the rear wheel completed the drivetrain.

Carburetor
A constant velocity carburetor was supplied by Bing.  Starting in 1980, an emissions control system was implemented in various countries, which reduced available horsepower by approximately 10%.

Suspension
The front forks were telescopic with a diameter of 36 mm without gaiters.  1984 and prior had a dual swing arm with two shock absorbers, model year 1986 and after used the BMW monolever, 1988 and after added the BMW paralever for r100GS,R100R and Mystik models the RS And RT continued with the monolever rear swingarm.

Ignition
Up to model year 1981, a points type high-voltage capacitor ignition was used. From 1981 onwards, an electronic ignition was fitted.

Specifications

Pause and Restart
In the 1980s for environmental and marketing reasons, BMW initiated a move to the water-cooled K75 and K100 models to remain competitive with the technical lead of the Japanese motorcycle industry.  For this purpose they wanted to give up the production of the "airhead" two-valve boxer models.  This decision led to protests from customers and dealers, BMW restarted R100 production, but with modified lower output, and improved torque curve engines with 44 kW (60 hp).  They later produced an 800 cc version with 37 kW (50 hp).

Starting in 1985, the road versions were equipped with a single-sided swingarm (Monolever). From 1988 Paralever rear suspension was introduced, first in the GS models R80G/S (later redesignated "R80GS") and R100GS, and later in the road versions R80R, R100R and in 1994 the R100 Mystic.

Sources
 Hans-Jürgen Schneider: BMW R 45 – R 100 RS ab Baujahr 1976: alle Modelle mit Zweizylinder-Boxermotor; Technik, Wartung, Reparatur BLV Auto- und Motorradpraxis, München Wien Zürich 1984, .
 Don Morley, Mick Woollett: BMW. Heel Verlag, Königswinter 1994. .
 Hans-Joachim Mai: 1000 Tricks für schnelle BMWs. 11. Aufl. 1988, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart.
 Andy Schwietzer, Werner R. Reiss: BMW Boxer alle ab /5: BMW Zweiventiler von 1969–1985. 1. Aufl. Bodensteiner-Verlag, Wallmoden 2006, .
 Stefan Knittel: BMW Motorräder. Gerlingen 1984, .

R100RS
Motorcycles powered by flat engines
Shaft drive motorcycles


title: Henri Agasse

text:
Henri Agasse (14 April 1752 – 1 May 1813), was a French publisher and editor, associated with Charles-Joseph Panckoucke.

Biography
The son of Guillaume Agasse, lord of Maurevert and Cresne, accounts clerk of the royal household and chamber and the Chevalier de Maurevert, in 1787 he married Antoinette Pauline Panckoucke, daughter of the editor Charles-Joseph Panckoucke. A privy-counsellor to the House and Crown of France, he was himself an Officer of the Goblets of the King's Household and a citizen of Paris.

In 1794, the latter associated him with the development of the family publishing house and the involved him in maintaining the Lisle bookstore following the death of Placide Panckoucke in 1800.

Agasse became the owner of his father-in-law's Encyclopédie méthodique and of Le Moniteur universel.

His publishing house was located in Paris from (1790-1813) at number 12 rue Pavée and at numbers 13, 18, and 6 rue des Poitevins.

Politically, he was a member of the first electoral assembly of Paris, held at the beginning of October 1790 and he was licensed as a printer 1 April 1811.

On his death, his widow was licensed to succeed him as printer on 11 May 1813.

Succession
His nephew Henry Agasse de Cresne was a notary from 1810 to 1837 and a shareholder of the Bank of France. He was involved in the recovery after 1847 of the maison Panckoucke (lost by Charles-Louis-Fleury Panckoucke) and he lived in a chateau near Melun. At his death, his estate was evaluated at more than 3.5 million.

References

Publishers (people) from Paris
French editors
Panckoucke family
1752 births
1813 deaths
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery


title: National Pro Grid League

text:
The National Pro Grid League (NPGL) was a professional athletics organization consisting of mixed-gender teams that operated from 2014 through 2016. No NPGL events have occurred since the final matches in 2016. The teams compete in timed events in the competition space referred to as "the grid". The NPGL refers to the sport itself as GRID and describes it as "strategic team athletics racing".

History
The sport was founded and developed by Tony Budding, a former employee of CrossFit Inc., who had had significant involvement in the CrossFit Games as media director. The NPGL was originally to be named the National Pro Fitness League. However, the acronym NPFL was deemed to be too similar to more popular National Football League (NFL), and the name was changed to the National Pro GRID League. Because of its similarities to CrossFit, Budding was able to secure early investors, a television contract with the NBC Sports Group, and an opening night in Madison Square Garden. However, the NPGL halted operations midway through its inaugural season due to potential investors' backing out. This led to cancellations of matches and caused the season to finish its finals in a format different from what was originally planned. Towards the end of the season, Budding was quietly let go as the CEO of the NPGL and replaced by Jim Kean, and Budding is no longer involved with the NPGL.

For the NPGL's second season, in 2015, matches were held at only certain locations where they would often host multiple matches in a single day. The opening weekend took place on June 13–14 during the FitExpo at the San Jose Convention Center in San Jose, California, and all eight teams competed. The second matches were held regionally; all four Eastern Conference teams played in Landover, Maryland, one match at Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California, and one match at BankUnited Center in Miami, Florida. The final matches of the season were held on August 22–23 during the FitExpo at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California, where all eight teams once again competed. The entire postseason took place from September 16 to September 20, also at the Anaheim Convention Center.

Despite the league's initial strong ties to competitive CrossFit Games athletes, the DC Brawlers would win the NPGL Championship in the first two seasons using lesser known CrossFit competitors in their matches compared to other teams.

In 2016, the NPGL underwent a further consolidation of match locations for its third season. All matches were scheduled to be played with the same eight teams, each playing three matches, at the Utah Valley Convention Center in Provo, Utah, between August 17 and August 27, 2016. The postseason was also held at the Utah Valley Convention Center between September 2 and September 7. The previously undefeated DC Brawlers lost their first ever match in the semifinal on September 2 to the Boston Iron. The Phoenix Rise then defeated the Iron for the 2016 championship on September 7.

Circa January 2018, the official website became defunct. However, a number of amateur Grid leagues continue to operate.

Match formats
In the inaugural 2014 season, each Grid Match format was named after a prominent mountain, with current formats including Kilimanjaro, McKinley (later revamped slightly and called Denali in 2016), Pikes Peak, Everest, and Teton. In the second season, other prominent geographic landmarks were used such as Amazon. In the third season the final match is called Timpanogos, named after the most prominent mountain near the Utah Valley where all the 2016 season matches took place.

For each Grid "Match", two opposing teams compete in eleven races progressing across four quadrants of the Grid. Each of the eleven races had a specific format that remained consistent, although the individual athletic tasks performed during each race varied from match to match. The athletic tasks performed incorporate weightlifting, gymnastics and bodyweight maneuvers denominated as "Elements" of each race.

Rules
In 2014, each roster consisted of ten men and ten women, but only five men and five women per team as starters, three men and three women on the bench as reserves, and two men and two women on the inactive roster. In 2015, the roster size was reduced from 20 to 18. Each team could only have 14 eligible players per match with only four players on the bench to act as substitutes for the ten starters. Once a substituted player took the place of one of the ten starters, the substituted player could not return for that match. In 2016, the team size of 18 remained the same but teams were allowed to have an additional six developmental players signed. The developmental players could not be used in matches during the season.  Since the very first season, one starting athlete of each gender from each team must be 40 years of age or older. Each race is four to eight minutes in length.

Television coverage
For 2014, the NPGL entered into an agreement with NBC Sports Group to televise the playoffs and championship on NBC Sports Network. The championships finals aired live on NBCSN on October 3, 2014, at 10:30 p.m. ET (22:30 ET), and a replay aired on NBC on October 5, 2014, at 1 p.m. ET (13:00 ET). The 2016 season was aired on Comcast, beIN Sports, Root Sports, and One World Sports.

Teams

Active teams at league closing
 Baltimore Anthem (2015–2016)
 Boston Iron (2014–2016)
 DC Brawlers (2014–2016)
 Los Angeles Reign (2014–2016)
 Miami Surge (2014–2016)
 New York Rhinos (2014–2016)
 Phoenix Rise (2014–2016)
 San Francisco Fire (2014–2016)

Ceased operations
 Carolina Crush (2015) – announced as an expansion team for the 2015 season but later announced they would not participate due to not meeting league requirements
 Philadelphia Founders (2014) – competed in the inaugural 2014 season, but folded shortly thereafter

Champions

References

External links
 National Pro Grid League official web site
 National Pro Grid League Facebook page
 National Pro Grid League Twitter page

2014 establishments in the United States
Sports organizations of the United States
National Pro GRID League
Mixed-sex sports organizations
Professional sports leagues in the United States


title: Leinthall Earls

text:
Leinthall Earls or Leinthall Earles is a village in Aymestrey civil parish, Herefordshire, England.

Parish church
The earliest parts of the Church of England parish church or St Andrew are 12th-century Norman. It is part of a single benefice with the parishes of Aymestrey and Kingsland.

Quarry
Leinthall Earls Quarry is north of the village. Up to 2,000 tonnes of aggregate are quarried there daily. A geological fault runs roughly southwest – northeast just south of the quarry, and is downthrown to the south.

References

Villages in Herefordshire


title: BarkBox

text:
BarkBox is a monthly subscription service providing dog products, services, and experiences. BARK serves over 2 million dogs monthly through BarkBox and Super Chewer subscriptions and retail distribution.

On December 17, 2020, Barkbox, Inc. and Northern Star Acquisition Corp. (NYSE: STIC.U), a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement. As a result of the transaction, which values the Company at an enterprise value of approximately $1.6 billion, BARK will become a publicly listed company on the New York Stock Exchange under the new ticker symbol, "BARK".

History
The company was founded December 2011 by Carly Strife, Matt Meeker, and Henrik Werdelin. Prior to co-founding BarkBox, Meeker co-founded the social networking site Meetup.com. Meeker currently serves as CEO.

In April 2013, the company raised $6.7 million in a venture funding. The company surpassed the $25 million revenue run rate the same year. BARK received an additional $15 Million in Series B funding led by Resolute.vc, along with RRE, BoxGroup, Lerer Ventures, Bertelsmann Digital Media Investments, Slow Ventures, Daher Capital, CAA, Vast Ventures, and City National Bank in 2014.

BARK launched BarkCam in early 2014, a photo sharing app which operates as an "Instagram for dogs" and their owners.

BarkBox allows owners to personalize their dog's monthly subscription boxes based on their dog's needs. Each dog is unique and requires different toy options to match their style of play.

Products and services

BarkBox, a monthly subscription service for dogs. Each BarkBox has at least 2 toys, 2 treats, and a chew each month, all based on a monthly theme.
BARK Bright, a dog wellness product line. The company launched the first Bright product in October 2019 with Bright Dental  — an enzymatic gel toothpaste and dental chew. Bright Dental received an honorable mention in Fast Company World Changing Ideas 2020 and a mention in Time Best Inventions 2019.
BARK Essentials, every day items for dogs such as a memory foam dog bed with bed sheets and poop bags.
BARK Eats, a dog-food delivery service launched in March 2020.
BarkPost, a dog-themed content site.
BarkBuddy is similar to a "Tinder for dogs", as users can swipe left or right depending on their level of interest in the dog. The free app, available for iPhone and Android, is designed to match humans with dogs up for adoption at nearby shelters, and users can filter choices by gender, location, activity level, age, and size. The app is connected to rescue centers and shelters across the United States and Canada, and there are approximately 300,000 dogs in the database. The app sources many of its adoptable dogs from the pet adoption website Petfinder and from BARK's personal network of shelters and rescue organizations.

References

2011 establishments in New York City
Online retailers of the United States
Subscription services
Pet stores
Dogs in the United States


title: Stanley Cup ring

text:
The Stanley Cup ring is a championship ring, an annual award in the National Hockey League given by the team that wins the Stanley Cup Finals, a best-of-seven series to determine the league's champion that season. In addition to the winning players, teams give rings to coaches, trainers, scouts, executives, and other staff members. Teams often give rings to players who played for the team, but do not qualify to have their name engraved on the Stanley Cup. The most ever won by a single player was Henri Richard with 11 total championship rings.

History

The Stanley Cup ring was established in 1893, when the Montreal Hockey Club won the 1893 Stanley Cup championship. Since that championship, the rings weren't given again until the Ottawa Senators won the 1927 Stanley Cup Finals. There have been cases in which championship teams have not awarded rings to its players, such as the Montreal Hockey Club's second championship (which gave out watches) and the 1915 champions, the Vancouver Millionaires (which issued medallions).

For many years teams did not give any rings at all and players had to buy them for themselves. In the 1950s The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup four times, but players were given silverware or bought a dinner instead of rings. Players were eventually given rings by the team more than fifty years later. In the 1960s the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup four times, but players were originally only given one ring with diamonds that were removed and enlarged for each subsequent win. In 1971 the Montreal Canadiens gave players television sets instead of rings. Since 1972, every winning team has awarded more Stanley Cup Rings than the number of names engraved on the Stanley Cup. In 2011 Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs gave out a record 504 Stanley Cup rings to anyone connected with the team.

Design

Each ring usually costs between $20,000 to $25,000.

Players with most Stanley Cup rings

This is a list of NHL players with Stanley Cup championship rings won as a player.

See also
List of Stanley Cup Champions

References

External links
 50 years of Stanley Cup rings

National Hockey League trophies and awards
Canadian ice hockey trophies and awards
American ice hockey trophies and awards
Stanley Cup
Championship rings
Awards established in 1893
1893 establishments in Canada


title: Storage security

text:
Storage security is a specialty area of security that is concerned with securing data storage systems and ecosystems and the data that resides on these systems.

Introduction
According to the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), storage security represents the convergence of the storage, networking, and security  disciplines, technologies, and methodologies for the purpose of protecting and securing digital assets. Historically, the focus has been on both the vendor aspects of making storage product more secure and the consumer aspects associated with using storage products in secure ways.

The SNIA Dictionary defines storage security as:

Technical controls, which may include integrity, confidentiality and availability controls, that protect storage resources and data from unauthorized users and uses.

ISO/IEC 27040 provides the following more comprehensive definition for storage security:

application of physical, technical and administrative controls to protect storage systems and infrastructure as well as the data stored within them

Note 1 to entry:	Storage security is focused on protecting data (and its storage infrastructure) against unauthorized disclosure, modification or destruction while assuring its availability to authorized users.

Note 2 to entry:	These controls may be preventive, detective, corrective, deterrent, recovery or compensatory in nature.

Principles of Security Storage

 Integrity: Stored data cannot be changed.
 Confidentiality: Only authorized users will have access to the data locally or through network.
 Availability: Manage and minimize the risk of inaccessibility due to deliberate destructions or accidents such as natural disaster, mechanical and power failures.

Relevant standards and specifications

Applying security to storage systems and ecosystems requires one to have a good working knowledge of an assortment of standards and specifications, including, but not limited to:

 ISO Guide 73:2009, Risk management — Vocabulary
 ISO 7498-2:1989, Information technology — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference Model — Part 2: Security Architecture
 ISO 16609:2004, Banking — Requirements for message authentication using symmetric techniques
 ISO/PAS 22399:2007, Societal security — Guideline for incident preparedness and operational continuity management
 ISO/IEC 10116:2006, Information technology — Security techniques — Modes of operation for an n-bit block cipher
 ISO/TR 10255:2009, Document management applications — Optical disk storage technology, management and standards
 ISO/TR 18492:2005, Long-term preservation of electronic document-based information
 ISO 16175-1:2010, Information and documentation — Principles and functional requirements for records in electronic office environments — Part 1: Overview and statement of principles
 ISO 16175-2:2011, Information and documentation — Principles and functional requirements for records in electronic office environments — Part 2: Guidelines and functional requirements for digital records management systems
 ISO 16175-3:2010, Information and documentation — Principles and functional requirements for records in electronic office environments — Part 3: Guidelines and functional requirements for records in business systems
 ISO/IEC 11770 (all parts), Information technology — Security techniques — Key management
 ISO/IEC 17826:2012, Information technology — Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)
 ISO/IEC 19790:2006, Information technology — Security techniques — Security requirements for cryptographic modules
 ISO/IEC 24759:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Test requirements for cryptographic modules
 ISO/IEC 24775, Information technology — Storage management  (to be published)
 ISO/IEC 27000:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Overview and vocabulary
 ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements
 ISO/IEC 27002:2013, Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information security controls
 ISO/IEC 27003:2010, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems implementation guidance
 ISO/IEC 27005:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security risk management
 ISO/IEC 27031:2011, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for information and communication technology readiness for business continuity
 ISO/IEC 27033-1:2009, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 1: Overview and concepts
 ISO/IEC 27033-2, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 2: Guidelines for the design and implementation of network security
 ISO/IEC 27033-3:2010, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 3: Reference networking scenarios — Threats, design techniques and control issues
 ISO/IEC 27033-4:2014, Information technology — Security techniques — Network security — Part 4: Securing communications between networks using security gateways
 ISO/IEC 27037:2012, Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition, and preservation of digital evidence
 ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765-2010, Systems and software engineering — Vocabulary
 IEEE 1619-2007, IEEE Standard for Wide-Block Encryption for Shared Storage Media
 IEEE 1619.1-2007, IEEE Standard for Authenticated Encryption with Length Expansion for Storage Devices
 IEEE 1619.2-2010, IEEE Standard for Cryptographic Protection of Data on Block-Oriented Storage Devices
 IETF RFC 1813 NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification
 IETF RFC 3195 Reliable Delivery for syslog
 IETF RFC 3530 Network File System (NFS) version 4 Protocol
 IETF RFC 3720 Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI)
 IETF RFC 3723 Securing Block Storage Protocols over IP
 IETF RFC 3821 Fibre Channel Over TCP/IP (FCIP)
 IETF RFC 4303 IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
 IETF RFC 4595 Use of IKEv2 in the Fibre Channel Security Association Management Protocol
 IETF RFC 5246 The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2
 IETF RFC 5424 The Syslog Protocol
 IETF RFC 5425 TLS Transport Mapping for Syslog
 IETF RFC 5426 Transmission of Syslog Messages over UDP
 IETF RFC 5427 Textual Conventions for Syslog Management
 IETF RFC 5661 Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Minor Version 1 Protocol
 IETF RFC 5663 Parallel NFS (pNFS) Block/Volume Layout
 IETF RFC 5848 Signed Syslog Messages
 IETF RFC 6012 Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Transport Mapping for Syslog
 IETF RFC 6071 IP Security (IPsec) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Document Roadmap
 IETF RFC 6587 Transmission of Syslog Messages over TCP
 IETF RFC 7146, Securing Block Storage Protocols over IP: RFC 3723 Requirements Update for IPsec v3
 ANSI INCITS 400–2004, Information technology — SCSI Object-based Storage Device Commands (OSD)
 ANSI INCITS 458–2011, Information technology — SCSI Object-Based Storage Device Commands – 2 (OSD-2)
 ANSI INCITS 461–2010, Fibre Channel — Switch Fabric — 5 (FC-SW-5)
 ANSI INCITS 462–2010, Information Technology — Fibre Channel - Backbone — 5 (FC-BB-5)
 ANSI INCITS 463–2010, Fibre Channel — Generic Services — 6 (FC-GS-6)
 ANSI INCITS 470–2011, Fibre Channel — Framing and Signaling-3 (FC-FS-3)
 ANSI INCITS 482–2012, Information Technology — ATA/ATAPI Command Set — 2 (ACS-2)
 ANSI INCITS 496–2012, Information Technology — Fibre Channel — Security Protocols — 2 (FC-SP-2)
 ANSI INCITS 512–2013, Information Technology — SCSI Block Commands — 3 (SBC-3)
 NIST FIPS 140–2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules
 NIST FIPS 197, Advanced Encryption Standard
 NIST Special Publication 800-38A, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Three Variants of Ciphertext Stealing for CBC Mode
 NIST Special Publication 800-38C, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: the CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality
 NIST Special Publication 800-38D, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
 NIST Special Publication 800-38E, Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The XTS-AES Mode for Confidentiality on Storage Devices
 NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1, Recommendation for Key Management:  Part 1: General (Revision 3)
 NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 2, Recommendation for Key Management:  Part 2: Best Practices for Key Management Organization
 NIST Special Publication 800-67, Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher
 NIST Special Publication 800-88 Revision 1, Guidelines for Media Sanitization, http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-88r1.pdf
 Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), Storage Management Initiative – Specification (SMI-S), Version 1.5, Architecture Book, http://www.snia.org/tech_activities/standards/curr_standards/smi
 Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), SNIA Technical Position: TLS Specification for Storage Systems v1.0, http://www.snia.org/tls
 Trusted Computing Group, Storage Architecture Core Specification, Version 2.0, November 2011
 Trusted Computing Group, Storage Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise, Version 1.0, January 2011
 Trusted Computing Group, Storage Security Subsystem Class: Opal, Version 2.0, February 2012
 OASIS, Key Management Interoperability Protocol Specification (Version 1.2 or later)
 OASIS, Key Management Interoperability Protocol Profiles (Version 1.2 or later)
 Recommendation ITU-T X.1601 (2013), Security framework for cloud computing
 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3500 | ISO/IEC 17788:2014, Information technology — Cloud computing — Overview and vocabulary

External links
 Storage Networking Industry Association: SNIA Home

References

Security
Information assurance standards


title: T32 Heavy Tank

text:
The T32 Heavy Tank was a heavy tank project started by the United States Army to create an appropriate successor to the M4A3E2 Sherman "Jumbo". The US Ordnance board managed the production of four prototypes, the main goal being to have the new tank share many common parts with the M26 Pershing.

History and development
Despite its promising performance during the final stages of World War II, the M26 Pershing was thought to be too lightly armored to do battle with most German heavy tanks and tank destroyers, such as the Tiger II. Even though its gun was able to penetrate armor satisfactorily, its own armor was believed to be insufficient at stopping enemy shells. Work began in early 1945 to develop a significantly heavier variant of the M26 Pershing. Using data collected from the T29 Heavy Tank project and incorporating an experimental 90mm main gun firing armor-piercing, composite rigid ammunition as well as a more advanced transmission, the first T32 tank was produced. The T15E2 gun mounted on this tank was much more powerful than the gun mounted on the Pershing, and similar to the T26E4 Super Pershing which utilized a similar experimental 90mm, the counterweight at the back of the turret was enlarged substantially to offset the long gun's weight. The T32E1 variant eliminated weak spots in the frontal armor, including removing the hull mounted machine gun. As a result of all the changes, the M26 chassis had to be expanded, with an extra road wheel added on each side, bringing the total to seven, to reduce the ground pressure due to the tank's increased weight. After the end of World War II, the project was cancelled and the vehicles were scrapped.

References

Sources

Heavy tanks of the United States
Abandoned military projects of the United States
Trial and research tanks of the United States


title: Orestes Fiandra

text:
Orestes Fiandra (August 4, 1921 in Montevideo, Uruguay – April 22, 2011 in Montevideo, Uruguay), was a professor and researcher in medicine and cardiology in Uruguay.

In 1960 he implanted a pacemaker provided by Rune Elmqvist from the Karolinska Institute of Sweden. This was the first successful pacemaker implant in America.

In 1969, he founded the company "Centro de Construcción de Cardioestimuladores" (CCC), which was recently acquired by Greatbatch.

Biography
Dr. Fiandra graduated as doctor in cardiology from the Facultad de Medicina (Universidad de la República) of the Uruguayan Universidad de la República.

During 1954 and 1955, he stayed in Sweden to work as an intern in the Karolinska Institute. During this stay in Stockholm he met Rune Elmqvist, who worked with external pacemakers to treat atrial-ventricular blocks.

Fiandra suggested Elmqvist using germanium transistor technology and e epoxy resin to develop an implantable pacemaker, allowing patients a greater mobility, but at that time Elmqvist had doubts about the safety of such a device.

On February 3, 1960, together with surgeon Roberto Rubio, he successfully implanted a pacemaker built by the Rune Elmqvist team. The implant was conducted on a young patient who suffered from atrial-ventricular blocks, and persistent cardiac strokes. The procedure, which was carried on in the CASMU 1 hospital in Montevideo, was the first of its kind in America.

Fiandra was one of the founders of the Instituto Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca (1965) which now takes his name.

In 1969 he founded the company "Centro de Construcción de Cardioestimuladores", which manufactured pacemakers until the year 2010.

He worked as a professor in cardiology in the Facultad de Medicina of the Uruguayan Universidad de la República, and as the director of the cardiology department of the Clínicas hospital in Montevideo.
He was an academic in the Academia Nacional de Medicina (Uruguay), member of the New York Academy of Sciences (EUA), president of the Instituto Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca (Uruguay) and president of the Comisión Honoraria para la Salud Cardiovascular (Uruguay).

He has published over 180 scientific papers and 5 medicine books.

He has registered three patents: "Electrodo de autofijación”, "Electrodo para estimulación eléctrica de tejidos vivos" and “Corazón artificial implantable".

Some of Fiandra's work

•	“Marcapasos cardíacos”, Fiandra O.  Ed. Estudios Gráficos de CBA srl. Montevideo, 1971.

•	“Electrocardiografía”, Fiandra O. Ed. Oficina del Libro - AEM. Montevideo, 1972.

•	“Marcapasos Cardíacos”, Fiandra O., Espasandín W., Fiandra H.A., Erramún B., Fiandra D.O., Fernández
Barbieri F., Fernández Banizi P., Greatbatch W., Barreraas F., Feldman S., Yahini J., Neufeld H., Suárez Antola R. Ed. Departamento de Cardiología del Hospital de Clínicas e Instituto Nacional de Cirugía Cardíaca. Montevideo, 1975.

•	“El electrocardiograma en la cardiopatía isquémica aguda” Fiandra, O., Espasandín, W., Fiandra, H.A., Mussetti, J., Finadra, D., Firstz, A., Pardiñas, C. Ed. AEM Montevideo, 2007.

•	“Electrocardiografía 2ed.”, imprenta AEM, editado a solicitud de los estudiantes de medicina, 2010.

References

1921 births
2011 deaths
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Uruguayan cardiologists
Uruguayan inventors


title: Stop The Bomb

text:
Stop The Bomb is a non-governmental organization based in Berlin, Germany that seeks to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. To advance this goal, the group promotes tougher sanctions on Iran and further economic and diplomatic isolation of the Iranian government. The group has pressured public German and Austrian companies such as Siemens to end their business in Iran by buying shares in these companies and then speaking out company board meetings.

References

External links

Nuclear program of Iran
Germany–Iran relations
Political organisations based in Germany


title: Joseph T. Walsh

text:
Joseph T. Walsh (May 18, 1930 – August 15, 2014) was an American jurist.

Early life
Joseph Walsh was born to Joseph Patrick and Mary Bolton Walsh on May 18, 1930, in an elevator at St. Francis Hospital in Wilmington, Delaware. He grew up in Wilmington, the second of six children. His parents were second-generation immigrants from Ireland. His siblings were sisters Theresa Taylor, Dora Carr, and Pat Walls; and brothers Jim Walsh and Judge Peter J. Walsh.

Education
Walsh graduated from Salesianum School in 1948 and received his bachelor's degree from La Salle University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1952. Walsh went on to earn his law degree from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1954.

Career
Walsh served in the Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army. In 1972, he was named Delaware Superior Court Judge and in 1984 was appointed vice chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery. From 1985 until 2005, Walsh served on the Delaware Supreme Court. Walsh was an adjunct professor at the Widener University School of Law. He was co-founder of the Carpenter-Walsh Delaware Pro Bono American Inn of Court.

Personal life
He married Madeline Lamb on October 16, 1954. Together they raised six children:  Kevin, Lois, Patrick, Daniel, Thomas, and Nancy. Walsh was active in the Catholic Church, serving as a trustee of St. Joseph on the Brandywine Church and as member of the Catholic Diocese Finance Committee and Real Estate Committee. He formerly served as a trustee of the Catholic Diocese Foundation and was a founding member of the St. Thomas More Society in the Diocese of Wilmington.

Death
Walsh died in Newark, Delaware of cancer.

Notes

1930 births
2014 deaths
Lawyers from Wilmington, Delaware
La Salle University alumni
Widener University faculty
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
Military personnel from Delaware
Delaware Superior Court judges
Vice Chancellors of Delaware
Justices of the Delaware Supreme Court
Deaths from cancer in Delaware
Salesianum School alumni
20th-century American judges
Catholics from Delaware


title: The Happy Couple

text:
The Happy Couple is a novel by Irish author Naoise Dolan. It was released on 25 May 2023. The book is Dolan's sophomore novel after Exciting Times (2020). It is a contemporary novel exploring an uncertain couple's (Celine and Luke) relationship and the days before their wedding.

Synopsis
The novel is split into sections from people's different perspectives:
The Bride (Celine)
The Groom (Luke)
The Best Man (Archie)
The Guest (Vivian)

The ensemble novel depicts themes of love and marriage, fidelity and betrayal.

Publication
The book was published by W&N on May 25 2023 in the United Kingdom. It is set to be published by Harper Collins on November 7 2023 in the United States.

Reception
The novel has received positive reviews. The Guardian described it as "funny and direct" while musing, "Dolan more often uses her wit simply to parcel out insights and provocations among her cast rather than using them to build personalities we really care about." In a positive review The Telegraph lauded Dolan's skill as a writer noting, "This book confirms her as an artful comic novelist with a distinctive signature style." Francesca Steele from i compared the book favorably as a blend of Jane Austen and Sally Rooney adding, "This is a funny and perceptive play on the traditional marriage plot that cements Dolan as one of the cleverest, most amusing new writers around."

References

2023 Irish novels
English-language novels


title: Matt Partridge

text:
Matthew Nicholas Partridge (born 7 November 1993) is an English football defender who plays for National League South side Hungerford Town.

Career
Partridge started his career in the youth system at Reading progressing through the academy as under-18's captain, he went on to sign a professional one-year contract in July 2012. In October 2012, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division side Bognor Regis Town on a one-month loan deal. In November his loan was extended for a further month. Having returned to Reading after the Boxing Day fixture, he remained a regular for the under-21s during the 2012–13 campaign. In May 2013, he was offered a new one-year contract by Reading.

In September 2013, he joined Conference South side Basingstoke Town on a one-month loan deal. He scored on his debut in a 3–2 away defeat to Bromley, scoring the opening goal. His second goal for the club came in a 3–1 defeat to Weston-super-Mare in the FA Cup. In October, his loan at the club was extended for a further month. In November, he scored the second in a 2–0 victory over Dover Athletic in the league. At the end of the month his loan expired having made eight appearances scoring three times. At the end of December he re-joined Basingstoke on loan until the end of the season. His final goal for the club came in February 2014, in a 1–1 draw with Boreham Wood. He finished the season having made fifteen appearances scoring four goals in all competitions.

In July 2014, having been released by Reading he signed for Football League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge on a one-year deal. He made his professional debut in August 2014, starting in the Football League Cup tie against Brentford. The match ended in a 6–6 draw, equaling the record for the most goals scored in a League Cup game, with Brentford eventually advancing on penalties.

In August 2015, after starting his second season with the club as a regular and just two months after signing a new deal, Partridge was released by Dagenham by mutual consent. Four days later he re-joined National League South side Basingstoke Town only to sign for League Two club Newport County shortly after. He made his debut for Newport on 5 September 2015. He was released by Newport on 10 May 2016 at the end of his contract. In the summer of 2017, he returned to Basingstoke Town for a third spell, making a total of thirty-eight appearances and scoring six goals upon his return. In July 2017, he signed for National League South side Hungerford Town on a free transfer.

On 22 May 2019, Partridge joined Gosport Borough.

Personal life
He was raised in Thatcham, Berkshire and attended the Kennet School in the town. In April 2014, he was given a twelve-month prison sentence, suspended for two years, after being found guilty of assaulting a motorcyclist in Woolhampton in August 2013.

Career statistics

References

External links
Matt Partridge profile at Dagenham & Redbridge F.C.

1993 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Reading F.C. players
Bognor Regis Town F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Hungerford Town F.C. players
Salisbury City F.C. players
Gosport Borough F.C. players
Thatcham Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Isthmian League players
Southern Football League players
People from Thatcham
Footballers from Berkshire


title: Cool FM Nigeria

text:
Cool FM Nigeria is a Nigerian English-speaking radio station with frequencies across 4 of the 6 Geo-Political zones in Nigeria. It operates Cool TV and online radio. The radio station is pop and rock for adult audiences.

In 2019, Cool FM hosted an interview with Cardi B which was considered a scoop. The interview was live and with N6 and Temi Balogun. Cardi B was on her first tour of Africa, performing in both Nigeria and Ghana.

Frequencies
 South West Zone (Lagos State): Cool FM 96.9 Lagos - founded October 1998
 South South Zone (Rivers State): Cool FM 95.9 Port Harcourt - founded November 2008
 North Central Zone (Abuja): Cool FM 96.9 Abuja - founded November 2001
 North West Zone (Kano State): Cool FM 96.9 Kano - founded October 2011

References

Radio stations in Nigeria


title: Artur Kuciapski

text:
Artur Kuciapski (born 26 December 1993) is a Polish middle distance runner, who specializes in the 800 metres.

Biography
On 15 August 2014, he won the silver medal at the 2014 European Championship with a new personal best of 1:44.89.

In 2017, he won the bronze medal in the men's 4 × 800 metres relay at the 2017 IAAF World Relays held in Nassau, Bahamas.

Competition record

Personal bests
Outdoor
400 metres – 47.09 (Biała Podlaska 2014)
800 metres – 1:44.89 (Zürich 2014)
1500 metres – 4:18.47 (Łódź 2009)

Indoor
400 metres – 48.87 (Spała 2014)
600 metres – 1:16.77 (Athlone 2017)
800 metres – 1:48.14 (Toruń 2017)
1000 metres – 2:23.96 (Spała 2014)

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Polish male middle-distance runners
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Poland
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century Polish people


title: Baldassarre di Biagio

text:
Baldassarre di Biagio, also called Baldassarre di Biagio del Firenze or the Master of the Benabbio Triptych, (1430/1434–1484) was an Italian painter of the high Renaissance period.

For many years, he was an unidentified artist known only for his triptych in the Santa Maria Assunta in Benabbio, Italy. In 1978, Massimo Ferretti defined the works and career of the artist, including an altarpiece he collaborated with Matteo Civitali for the Church of San Michele di Antraccoli.

Biography
Not much is known about Di Biagio's life except through his works. He was born in Florence, and his style puts him in the Florentine School, but he was active mainly in Lucca. He primarily painted sacred subjects for local church commissions. He died in 1484. One of his works, Madonna and Child, is part of the Abbotsford House collection. He is also assigned frescoes found in the church of San Francesco in Lucca, depicting Scenes from the Life of Mary. The style appears influenced by Filippo Lippi.

References

1430s births
1484 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Florence
Italian Renaissance painters


title: List of Pittsburgh Ironmen players

text:
The following is a list of players of the now-defunct Pittsburgh Ironmen professional basketball team.

John Abramovic
Moe Becker
Mike Bytzura
Joe Fabel
Nat Frankel
Gorham Getchell
Coulby Gunther
Noble Jorgensen
Roger Jorgensen
Tony Kappen
Press Maravich
Ed Melvin
Red Mihalik
Walt Miller
John Mills
Stan Noszka
Harry Zeller

References
Pittsburgh Ironmen all-time roster @ basketball-reference.com

National Basketball Association all-time rosters


title: Philip MacCann

text:
Philip MacCann is a British author.

Born in Manchester, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and studied creative writing at the University of East Anglia under Malcolm Bradbury. His first book, The Miracle Shed (1995), a collection of short stories, won the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature, and in 2000 he was awarded the Shiva Naipaul Memorial Prize.

In the 1990s he was a literary journalist for the Guardian newspaper and the Spectator magazine and contributed frequently to Prospect Magazine and others. It was here that he made public a distinct classical aesthetic, statements about the ethical shortcomings of Art and he became known for his acerbic criticism of consumer capitalism. Even before The Miracle Shed was published he wrote in The Guardian of his reluctance to continue publishing literary art in what was much more than a populist climate: a culture oppressed and vandalized by the abuse of corporate power. His first short stories appeared in Faber's First Fictions, the New Yorker and New Writing 1 and 3 (Minerva/British Council). Criticising the writing of the day as "becalmed writing from a stagnant pool", The Guardian singled out MacCann for special praise: "Really blazes - this is what Literature is about."

In 1999 The Observer newspaper selected him as one of twenty world authors expected to be important in the new millennium. But in fact, only a handful of stories subsequently appeared: in Granta magazine, the Faber Book of Best New Irish Short Stories, The Dublin Review and The Irish Times. He has shown little interest in publishing since 1995 and has had no public profile. His one small book continues to be praised and his silence still inspires some degree of curiosity on the Internet.

The Miracle Shed
The stories were described by one reviewer as having "the nervous, risky feel of someone doodling with razor blades", with technical innovations and the strangeness of the imagery aiming for "aesthetic ecstasy". "MacCann's risky use of language, his weirdly beautiful style, inspires optimism, lifting the spirit as great art does. He's an immensely talented and original writer," wrote Time Out magazine. Black humour and at times over-rich language aim to seduce readers into enjoying tales of intense suffering, an effect which is perhaps meant to mirror how characters are tempted by guilty joys.

Themes
One explanatory phrase appearing on the cover of the first edition is "spiritual despair", which perhaps explains the ruthlessness and strangeness of Nature, its inappropriateness for human sensitivity and the ease with which evil is perpetrated even in intimate relationships (between dysfunctional lovers or with oppressive parents). One hallmark of the style is how scenes are dramatized with cold detachment and without authorial comment, assisting the realism. A recurring motif in these and later stories highlights the plight of a very young couple struggling to cope with pregnancy. The vision shares with some American Catholic literature and some strands of Feminism a brutal vision of male sexuality. Other themes include: sexual rage, violence, frustration and taboos; poverty, prostitution and abuse; psychedelia; transcendentalism, magic and the occult.

Awards and honours
1995 Rooney Prize for Irish Literature
2000 Shiva Naipaul Memorial Prize

References

1966 births
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
Writers from Manchester
20th-century British writers
21st-century British writers
20th-century writers from Northern Ireland
21st-century writers from Northern Ireland
20th-century Irish writers
21st-century Irish writers
21st-century Irish male writers
Living people


title: Tom Tierney (artist)

text:
Tom Tierney (October 8, 1928 – July 12, 2014) was a noted American paper doll artist. He is credited with reviving what has been described by The New York Times as the "lost art" of paper doll making during his career which stretched from the 1970s to his death in 2014. Over the course of his career, he sold over 4 million paper dolls and 400 paper doll books to readers all over the world, including one to Pope John Paul II.

Early life and education
Tierney was born on October 8, 1928, in Beaumont, Texas. He began his art education at an early age, studying life drawing, landscapes, and still-life painting. Tierney began freelance fashion illustration while in high school for local department stores in his home town. He attended Lamar Junior College in 1945 and completed his education at the University of Texas, graduating in 1949 with a B.F.A. in painting and sculpture. During his time at the University of Texas, he also spent time studying frescoes at the University of Colorado. Upon graduating, he became a fashion illustrator for Scarborough's department store and later, Goodfriend's specialty shop in Austin.

Career
In 1951 he entered the United States Army, serving until 1953, as a recruiting artist. After serving in the Army, Tom moved to New York where he continued his career as a fashion illustrator and as a freelance artist. In addition to fashion illustration for large department stores such as JCPenney's, Macy's, and Sear's, Tierney has also illustrated a number of film posters for the Shorlane Bennet Agency, painted a number of portrait commissions, and did some nightclub singing in the Upstairs at the Duplex in Greenwich Village amongst other things. His first paper doll book, Thirty from the 30s, was published by Prentice-Hall in 1976, and its success subsequently led to the publishing of over 350 paper doll books, as well as a number of self-published works. Besides his paper dolls, Tierney also illustrated children's books, numerous Barbie and Jem books, and an array of commercial art.

Awards and honours
 The Nancy Beeman Strong Art Scholarship Award (1945)
 The Veesy Rainwater Painting Scholarship Award (1945)
 Texas Fellowship Painting Award (1948)

Death
Tierney died on July 12, 2014, at the age of 85 of lung cancer in Smithville, Texas. He had a Paper Doll Shop for many years on Main Street in downtown Smithville after leaving New York. His shop was downstairs while Mr. Tierney, known around town as "Tom", lived in his upstairs apartment. He autographed all of his many Paper Doll Books which he sold until his death. His relatives kept the store open in memory of him until his supply of vintage-style paper ornaments and books sold out.

See also
 Margaret G. Hays - Another prominent paper doll artist
 Grace Drayton - Another prominent paper doll artist, who cooperated extensively with her sister Margaret (shown above, in the See Also section)

References

American artists
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Beaumont, Texas
Artists from Texas
University of Texas alumni
1928 births
2014 deaths
University of Colorado alumni


title: Christian Leuz

text:
Christian Leuz (born 1967) is a German business economist, specializing in finance, accounting, and institutional economics. He is the Charles F. Pohl Distinguished Service Professor of Accounting and Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

Leuz began his studies at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany where he studied business economics. At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, he received an M.S. in Finance and Management before returning to Germany to pursue his PhD studies. In 1996 he received his PhD in business economics, summa cum laude, and in 2000 he received his Habilitation (German post-doctorate degree) from Goethe University Frankfurt.

Leuz's research examines the role of corporate disclosures, accounting transparency and disclosure regulation in capital markets, corporate governance and corporate financing.  He currently serves as an editor of the Journal of Accounting Research. and as a Co-Director of Chicago Booth's Initiative on Global Markets.  He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a Fellow at the European Corporate Governance Institute, Wharton's Financial Institution Center, Goethe University's Center for Financial Studies, and in the CESifo Research Network.  He also serves as an economic advisor to the PCAOB.

Awards
Leuz was recently recognized as a “Highly Cited Researchers" by Thomson Reuters and included in their list of “The World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.” He is listed in the category 'Economics and Business'". Leuz was also recently awarded the "Distinguished Contributions
to Accounting Literature Award," 2014 by the American Accounting Association for his paper "Earnings management and investor protection: an international comparison."

Other notable awards that Leuz has received include the 2010 Notable Contributions to Accounting Literature Award (with Luzi Hail) from the American Accounting Association  and, in 2012, the prestigious little Humboldt Research Award ("kleiner Humboldtpreis") in recognition of the impact his work has had on the field of business economics.

References

External links
Christian Leuz’s home page at the University of Chicago.
Publications at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Publications at the Social Science Research Network.
Works by or about Christian Leuz in libraries (WorldCat catalog).

German economists
Business theorists
1967 births
Living people
German male non-fiction writers


title: Mauritanian National Union

text:
The Mauritanian National Union (, abbreviated UNM) was a political party in Mauritania. The party was founded in April 1959, as a merger between a dissident group in the Mauritanian Regroupment Party (PRM) and the Union of Natives of Southern Mauritania (UOMS). The foundation of the party took place in the run-up to the May 1959 legislative elections. Members of the party bureau of UNM included Hadrami Ould Khatrri (political secretary), Moussa Sall, Yacoub Ould Boumediana (chairman) and Ba Abdoul Aziz (administrative secretary). The UNM favoured unity with the neighbouring states in the Mali Federation.

The party had most of its support from the Black populations of southern Mauritania. The party could not contest the May 17, 1959 legislative elections, having been formed too soon before the polls. The party held its founding conference in July 1959, in Aïoun. At the conference, the party declared itself as 'the Mauritanian section of the Party of the African Federation' (PFA), a move reciprocated in a greeting from the PFA bureau two months later.

In February 1960 Hadrami, Yacoubi and Ba were arrested, charged with conspiring against the integrity of the state.

Once the Mali Federation collapsed, the jailed UNM leaders were released. Subsequently the party moved closed to Moktar Ould Daddah. The party was pressured to align with PRM and on October 10, 1960 the two parties formed a united front. At a meeting held on June 30, 1961 leaders of PRM, UNM and the former Nahda agreed to merge their parties. Subsequently, the Mauritanian People's Party (PPM) was formed as the sole legal party in the country.

References

Black political parties
Defunct political parties in Mauritania
Political parties established in 1959
Political parties disestablished in 1961


title: Lochnager

text:
Lochnager (4 March 1972 – 1994) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A specialist sprinter, he raced mainly in the North of England winning nine of his sixteen starts and was regarded as the best horse in Europe over sprint distances in 1976. He won one minor race as a two-year-old but made relentless progress when campaigned in handicap races in 1975, winning several valuable events. He emerged as a top-class performer as a four-year-old, establishing himself as the year's best sprinter with a run of four successive wins in the Temple Stakes, King's Stand Stakes, July Cup and William Hill Sprint Championship. He made little impact at stud, but was the damsire of Lochsong.

Background
Lochnager was a big, powerful brown horse bred in England by E A Dandy. He was by far the best horse sired by Dumbarnie (a son of the Derby winner Dante) who won several races at sprint distances and was placed in the Gimcrack Stakes and the Diadem Stakes in the early 1950s. Lochnager's dam Miss Barbara did not come from a particularly distinguished family but won six races.

As a foal Lochnager was sold for a "modest sum" to Charles Spence. The colt was sent into training with Mick Easterby at his stable near Sheriff Hutton in North Yorkshire. In his early life his size and strength meant that he was viewed as a potential National Hunt horse. Lochnager was ridden in most of his races by the leading northern jockey Edward Hide.

Racing career

1974: two-year-old season
As a two-year-old, Lochnager raced exclusively over the minimum distances of five furlongs. After finishing second on his debut and unplaced on his next start he contested the Studley Stakes, a minor event at Thirsk Racecourse in August. Racing against eight opponents, he recorded his first success, beating Bello Baletta by one and a half lengths. In September, over the same course and distance, he was matched against better opposition and finished fourth.

1975: three-year-old season
As a three-year-old, Lochnager made steady improvement throughout the season as he competed in handicap races. After finishing unplaced on his seasonal debut he won the Bass Apprentices Handicap over five furlongs at Haydock Park. He then beat Walk By by three lengths in the Finch Decanter Handicap over the same distance at Ascot Racecourse, ridden by Ernie Johnson and carrying a weight of 106 pounds. On his next appearance he was up in distance to six furlongs for the Northumberland Sprint Trophy at Newcastle and winning by a length from the Stewards' Cup-winner Import. When starting favourite for the Ayr Gold Cup in September he finished third, beaten a short head and half a length by Roman Warrior (who carried top weight of 140 pounds) and Import. On his final appearance of the season Lochnager carried a weight of 125 pounds in the Bovis Handicap over five furlongs at Ascot. He looked "magnificent" before the race and dominated the race to win "very impressively" by three lengths from Import.

1976: four-year-old season
Lochnager began his third season by finishing fifth in a handicap at York and then finished second over the same distance in a minor at Thirsk but was never beaten again. In May was moved up in class to contest his first Group race, the Temple Stakes over five furlongs at Sandown Park Racecourse. Matched against Roman Warrior at level weights he started at odds of 5/1 and produced his best performance up to that time taking the lead approaching the final furlong and drawing away to win by two lengths. Lochnager then started the 6/4 favourite in a field of thirteen runners for the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot after being backed down from 5/2 in "one of the biggest gambles seen at Ascot for years" and produced another impressive performance. He was among the leaders from the start, opened up a clear advantage and held the late challenge of the French-trained filly Realty to win by three-quarters of a length. Timeform described his victory as a "sparkling display". Remembering the race in 2002, Mick Easterby, speaking his distinctive Yorkshire dialect said "Lochnager was such a good 'oss and so strongly fancied, I don't think I've ever been so nervous before a race. I couldn't stop sweatin', just thinking about it. The one thing I told [Hide], over and over again, was not to come too soon. Lochnager was an 'oss with all the gears. What made him so brilliant was that he was so switched off - he'd pick grass on't side of a gallop at home while others galloped past him. But when you asked him to pick up in a race, he was like a Ferrari in overdrive, he had an unbelievable burst of speed. I couldn't watch t'race from the stands. I ended up watching it from t'weighing room ... I've never had an 'oss like him and never seen a better sprinter. He was a machine." He also recalled that he was reprimanded by the racecourse stewards for failing to wear appropriate dress as he appeared at the course in his usual suit and trilby.

Lochnager was moved up in distance for the Group One July Cup over six furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse. He was heavily supported in the ante-post betting but his odds drifted out to 3/1 following rumours that he was not at his best. As in Lochnager's last two races, Hide sent the colt to the front approaching the final furlong and won decisively, holding off challenges from Three Legs (winner of that year's Duke of York Stakes) and Import (Wokingham Stakes) to win by three-quarters of a length and a neck. After the race Easterby was somewhat critical of Hide, offering the opinion that the horse would be better suited to more exaggerated waiting tactics. In August, Lochnager returned to five furlongs and started the 4/5 favourite for the William Hill Sprint Championship (formerly known as the Nunthorpe Stakes) at York Racecourse. Having already beaten most of his opponents he was expected to win easily, but after taking the lead a furlong out he had to be driven out by Hide to prevail by half a length from Faliraki with the 100/1 outsider Polly Peachum (also trained by Easterby) a neck away in third. Lochnager's win made him the first horse to complete the King's Stand-July Cup-Nunthorpe treble since Abernant in 1949.

It was expected that Lochnager would end his career in the Prix de l'Abbaye at Longchamp Racecourse in October but he was withdrawn from the race. It was believed that his trainer did not wish to run him on the prevailing soft ground.

Assessment
Lochnager was not rated in the 1974 Free Handicap, a listing of the best two-year-olds to race in the United Kingdom. In their annual Racehorses of 1974, the independent Timeform organisation gave him a rating of 88, forty-six pounds below their top-rated two-year-old Grundy. Lochnager's Timeform rating improved to 120 pounds in 1975, fourteen pounds behind their Best Sprinter Flirting Around and seventeen behind their Horse of the Year Grundy. The official British handicapper rated him fourteen pounds inferior to Grundy, making him the seventeenth best three-year-old colt of his generation in the United Kingdom. At the end of 1976 he was rated 132 by Timeform, three pounds behind their Horse of the Year Youth and was named their Best Sprinter of the season. In their annual Racehorses of 1976 Timeform described him as an outstanding sprinter and bemoaned the fact that he had received few votes in the British Horse of the Year poll won by Pawneese. In the official British handicap for older horses he was rated second, level with Bruni and two pounds below the French-trained stayer Sagaro.

Stud record
Lochnager was retired from racing at the end of the 1976 season with a valuation of £260,000 and became a breeding stallion at the Easthorpe Hall Stud, near Malton, North Yorkshire.

He was not a successful sire of winners, but did get some fast horses including Reesh (winner of the Palace House Stakes, Temple Stakes and Greenlands Stakes) and Imperial Jade (placed in the Lowther Stakes and Palace House Stakes). His most important offspring however, was the filly Peckitt's Well who produced the outstanding racemare Lochsong who was twice named Cartier Champion Sprinter and was voted Cartier Horse of the Year in 1993.

Pedigree

References

1972 racehorse births
1994 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 20-b


title: Frank W. Nolen

text:
Frank William Nolen (born December 26, 1939) is an American politician who served as a member of the Virginia Senate. Winning a 1974 special election to succeed H. Dunlop Dawbarn after his retirement, he lost reelection in 1975 to J. Marshall Coleman. When Coleman resigned to become Attorney General in 1977, Nolen won back his old seat.

As of February 2019, Nolen is the chairman of the Augusta County Democratic Committee.

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
Virginia state senators
Virginia Tech alumni


title: Marian Lutosławski

text:
Marian Lutosławski (1871 – 5 September 1918) was a Polish mechanical engineer and inventor born during the foreign partitions of Poland. He studied at the Technical University in Riga, then also part of Russia, and obtained a diploma in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany. Lutosławski installed the first power station in a residential neighbourhood in Warsaw, and introduced new techniques such as the three-phase current. In 1900 he built the country's first power plant fueled by a diesel internal combustion engine for Hotel Bristol, Warsaw. He also designed the first two reinforced concrete bridges in Lublin in 1908 and 1909. Lutosławski was arrested in 1918 by the Bolsheviks, and was executed without trial near Moscow as a "counterrevolutionary".

Life

Marian Lutosławski was born in 1871 at an estate in Drozdowo northeast of Warsaw to a Polish family. His parents were agronomist Franciszek Dionizy Lutosławski and his second wife Paulina, well-educated members of the landed gentry. Of Marian's five brothers, one would become a professor of philosophy, one a newspaper editor, and one a parliamentarian.

Lutosławski settled in Warsaw after completing his studies abroad and founded a factory called Grafit (Graphite) producing fire-resistant safes. In 1898 he married Maria Zielińska. He became a lecturer at the Warsaw Polytechnic Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (named the Wawelberg & Rotwand Technical School of Mechanics at the time).

Lutosławski was an avid community leader and worked for the Association of Engineers and other professional organizations. In 1902 he founded a technical office expanding his activities into the construction industry, particularly reinforced concrete design. He built the first reinforced concrete House in Warsaw. He used reinforced concrete in the construction of the Church of Christ the Saviour in Vilnius in present-day Lithuania, and many other projects including bridges based on the new François Hennebique technology. The two bridges he built in Lublin are now considered world's RC technical Heritage Monuments (No A/956). Based on his experience, Lutosławski gave lectures and courses and wrote articles and manuals in civil engineering.

Social activism and death
In addition to his business activities Lutosławski was a member of the Polish National Democratic Party and co-founder of the student society Macierz Szkolna. He was one of the initiators of the new Citizens' Committee as well as the Polish Committee for Sanitary Aid (Polski Komitet Pomocy Sanitarnej, PKPS) at the beginning of World War I. In 1915, during World War I, most of the Lutosławski family fled to Russia after Poland was occupied by German forces. There, he and his brother Józef organized Polish military forces hoping to liberate Poland with the help of Tsarist Russia. He represented the Central Committee of the PKPS in Moscow in order to help Poles expelled from Congress Poland return to their re-emerging nation. His activities included setting up Polish day care, workshops, hospitals, and centers of assistance and medical care abroad. In 1917, the Russian Revolution broke out. The National Democratic Party, to which Marian and Józef Lutosławski belonged, was strongly opposed to Bolshevik rule. Marian helped evacuate Polish refugees through Murmansk to France and England. He also supported a revolt by Polish forces in Murmansk against the communists. For this, Marian Lutosławski was arrested by the Bolsheviks in Murmansk on 23 April 1918 on suspicion of being a counterrevolutionary. He was taken to Moscow along with his brother Józef, who was arrested two days after him.

Marian was executed without trial in a mass execution on 5 September 1918 in Vsekhsvyatskoye, a secluded village outside of Moscow, together with his brother, several days before his trial was supposed to take place.

Family
His marriage to Maria née Zielinska produced two sons, Franciszek and Zbigniew, and two daughters, Hanna and Zofia. Witold Lutosławski, one of the major European composers of the 20th century, was Lutosławski's nephew. Witold Lutosławski was five years old when his father Józef (born 1882) and Marian were killed.

Publications
 O zastosowaniu prądów zmiennych o wysokim napięciu do celów motorycznych (On the use of alternating currents of high voltage for powering motor), 1896, engineering manual
 Prąd elektryczny – jego wytwarzanie i zastosowanie (Electric current - its production and use), 1900
 Nowy system głębokiego fundamentowania na gruntach niepewnych (The new system of deep foundation building in uncertain soil), 1907
 Pale betonowe Simplex do fundamentowania na gruntach niepewnych (Simplex concrete piles for foundations in uncertain soil), 1908

See also
Poles in the Soviet Union

References

 PW Wydział Inżynierii Produkcji (2011),  History of Faculty of Production Engineering. Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Production Engineering. Homepage.

External links
Marian Lutosławski - OnPolishMusic.com

1871 births
1918 deaths
People from Łomża County
People from Łomża Governorate
19th-century Polish nobility
National-Democratic Party (Poland) politicians
Members of the Polish National Committee (1914–1917)
Polish inventors
Polish electrical engineers
Polish civil engineers
Academic staff of the Warsaw University of Technology
Polish people executed by the Soviet Union
Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni
20th-century Polish nobility
Engineers from the Russian Empire


title: XEPBGJ-AM

text:
XEPBGJ-AM is an AM radio station in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Broadcasting on 630 kHz, XEPBGJ-AM is owned by the government of Jalisco and carries a cultural radio format under the name Jalisco Radio.

History
XEPBGJ, known prior to 2017 as XEJB-AM, is among the oldest state-owned radio stations in Mexico. It came to air on May 17, 1941, along with a shortwave counterpart, XEJG. The next month, the stations were formally launched. XEJB originally broadcast on 1000 kHz with XEJG on 4820 kHz. The stations each carried a J for Jalisco in their calls and one initial of then-governor Silvano Barba González's last name. Reports, though, often mangled XEJG's calls as XEJC because Barba González grew to be unpopular when his term concluded in 1943.

In 1948, XEJB moved to 630 kilohertz; in the early 1950s, XEJG ceased operations. 1960 saw the start of Jalisco's first FM station, the state-owned XEJB-FM on 96.4 MHz (later moved to its modern 96.3), which simulcast the AM station.

In 1999, XEJLV-AM 1080, a daytime-only station in Puerto Vallarta, was permitted, extending the reach of the AM service.

In 2017, the failure to timely renew permits for its AM radio stations in Guadalajara and Vallarta prompted the Sistema Jalisciense de Radio y Televisión, the agency that runs C7, to apply for new radio concessions to continue providing AM radio service. The result was that XEJB-AM became XEPBGJ-AM and its Puerto Vallarta relay became XEPBPV-AM, following a templated callsign pattern used since 2016 for some new radio stations.

References

Radio stations in Guadalajara
Public radio in Mexico


title: 2014 European Athletics Championships – Men's 200 metres

text:
The men's 200 metres at the 2014 European Athletics Championships took place at the Letzigrund on 14 and 15 August.

The event was won by Great Britain's Adam Gemili in 19.98 seconds. Christophe Lemaitre of France, the defending champion, came second just as he did in the 100 metres, and Serhiy Smelyk of Ukraine came third.

Medalists

Records

Schedule

Results

Round 1
First 3 in each heat (Q) and 4 best performers (q) advance to the Semifinals.

Semifinals
First 3 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advance to the Final.

Final
Wind: -1.6 m/s

References

Round 1 Results
Semifinal Results
Final Results

200
200 metres at the European Athletics Championships


title: Palatine Lion

text:
The Palatine Lion (), less commonly the Palatinate Lion, is an heraldic charge (see also: heraldic lions). It was originally part of the family coat of arms of the House of Wittelsbach and is found today on many coats of arms of municipalities, counties and regions in South Germany and the Austrian Innviertel.

Forms
The main design is described as sable a lion rampant or, crowned, armed and langued gules. Originally uncrowned, the lion was first depicted with a red crown in the early 14th century in the Zürich armorial. This probably relates to the pre-eminent position held by the Prince-Elector of the Palatinate as an imperial vicar, since the  Golden Bull of 1356.

In addition to these two main forms, there are a number of variants. Many villages used the symbols of their ruling families as seals. In order to minimise the risk of confusion, the detail of the coat of arms was changed when authority was granted to use them. Occasionally other colours were used in order to stay faithful to the rule of tincture.

History

Emergence

The Palatine Lion first appears in the County Palatine of the Rhine under the Wittelsbach Count Palatine, Otto the Illustrious in his equestrian seal (Reitersiegel) of 1229. However, the use of the symbol is probably older; it may well go back to predecessors of the Wittelsbachs, the Welf counts palatine, who ruled from 1195 to 1214: Counts Palatine Henry the Elder and Henry the Younger. Prior to that the Hohenstaufen Count Palatine Conrad, father-in-law of Henry the Elder, had around 1,190 coins minted with a lion image. The colours of the Hohenstaufens were also gold and black.

Wittelsbach era
Following the enfeoffment of the Bavarian Duke Louis in 1214 with the County Palatine of the Rhine, Duke Otto II of Bavaria inherited the County of Bogen in the mid-13th century along with its blue and white lozenged coat of arms. For centuries the golden lion on a black field and the blue and white lozenges were used as the family coat of arms of the Old Bavarian and Palatine Wittelsbachs. Not until the 16th century did the distinction between the lion for the Palatinate and the lozenges for Bavaria slowly gain ground.

In Siebmacher's Armorial of 1605 there are four coloured illustrations that use the Palatine Lion. They represent the coats of arms of the Electorate of the Palatinate and the duchies of Bavaria, Palatinate-Neuburg and Palatinate-Lützelstein.

Following the dissolution of the Palatine electorate in the wake of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, from 1816 the Palatine Lion in the Bavarian coat of arms was only used by the west Rhine part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Rhine Circle, which was renamed in 1835 at the behest of Louis I to Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz).

Post-war period

After the Second World War the Palatinate Lion re-emerged as the regional symbol of the Palatinate, for example, on postage stamps in the French Zone of Occupation. Following the creation of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946, to which the Palatinate belonged, the Palatine Lion occupied a central place in the state coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate. The other elements of the Rhineland-Palatine coat of arms are the Wheel of Mainz (Mainzer Rad) and the Cross of Trier (Trierer Kreuz). Even the semi-official coat of arms of the Province of Palatinate, which existed from 1946 to 1968 and dated to the 19th century, bore the Palatine Lion, which after the inclusion of the former territories of Electoral Mainz and Electoral Trier, symbolised the region of the present-day Palatinate.

In addition, the lion may be found in the state coats of arms of three other German federated state: the Bavarian coat of arms (uncrowned), the Saarland coat of arms and the Baden-Württemberg coat of arms; all three states used to incorporate an Electoral Palatine territory. Since 1950, the lion in the Bavarian state coat of arms, has been emblazoned in the dexter chief today for the Upper Palatinate, which once belonged to the House of Wittelsbach. From 1923 to 1934 the Palatine Lion was in the second subfield on the Bavarian shield; since 1950 it has been placed in the first subfield, as in the state coat of arms.

Representations of the Palatine Lion

Coats of arms
See: List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

Flags
The flag of the King of Bavaria, used from 1806 to 1919, is quartered with the Palatine Lion in the second and third quarters; the first and fourth quarters display the blue and white fusils.

Seal
In his book, Die Siegel der Deutschen Kaiser und Könige, Otto Posse describes seals of the Electoral Palatine Imperial Vicariate:

 1558: The count palatine in full armour on horseback with appropriate equipment (weapon, standard), in the background a princely palace, on the horse's blanket, 3 escutcheons. The rightmost depicts the Palatine Lion, the centre one the Imperial Orb for the archseneschal, the leftmost shield displays the Bavarian Wecken.
 1612: On three escutcheons are: on the right hand one the Palatine Lion, in the centre the Imperial Orb and on the left hand one the Bavarian Wecken. On a helmet above is a crowned lion, on either side, the numbers 16 and 12 indicating the year.

Stonework
 The archway of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Bad Mergentheim bears the coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Francis Louis of Palatinate-Neuburg with a Palatine Lion as well as a blue lion, with gold claws and also crowned, in silver, which represents the County of Veldenz.
 The Schriesheim coat of arms, granted to the village in 1896 based on a seal from 1381, is supported by the Palatine Lion. The detail was created out of Red Main sandstone in 1964 for an octagonal trough at the municipal fountain by a firm of stonemasons from the town on the occasion of the naming of the town.
 In front of the gate of the residenz in Neumarkt stand two stone lions that hold the coat of arms of Elector Frederick II in their paws. This coat of arms also depicts the lion.

Paintings
The basilica of St. Wendelin in the Saarland county town of St. Wendel has a ceiling mural dating to 1463/64, which depicts coats of arms. Amongst the 15 shields displayed, those of the Archbishop of Cologne and the Count Palatine of the Rhine depict the Palatine Lion.

See also
 Order of the Palatine Lion
 Veldenz lion

Literature
 Karl Heinz Debus: Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz. Neustadt an der Weinstraße, 1988,
 Alfons Friderichs: Wappenbuch des Kreises Cochem-Zell, Darmstadt, 2001,
 Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis. Ubstadt-Weiher, 1996,
 Arnold Rabbow, Dieter Gube: Blätter zum Land 1′99: Landeswappen Rheinland-Pfalz (PDF; 562 kB). Mainz, 1999

References

External links

Lions in heraldry
History of the Palatinate (region)
Culture of the Palatinate (region)
Electoral Palatinate


title: Tvsdesign

text:
TVS is an architecture, planning, and interior design firm in Atlanta.

History
Founded in 1968 by Bill Thompson, Tom Ventulett, and Ray Stainback, tvsdesign has designed several notable buildings in greater Atlanta and beyond throughout the years, including the Omni Coliseum and Complex, the Georgia Dome, the AT&T Promenade buildings, the CNN Center, the Concourse at Landmark Center in Sandy Springs, the Georgia Aquarium, the Georgia World Congress Center buildings, and the to-be-completed Mercedes-Benz Stadium.

Also running offices in Chicago, Dubai and Shanghai, tvsdesign has designed several prominent buildings outside of Atlanta as well, including the Washington DC Convention Center, the Nanjing International Expo Center, the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia, and the Vision Tower in Dubai.

In 2016, the firm named Janet Simpson its third president and first female president.

Notable projects

Awards
 In 2002, Tvsdesign was awarded the Architecture Firm Award by the American Institute of Architects, which is given only once each year and recognizes the design work of an entire firm.
 Urban Land Institute 2012 Global Awards for Excellence for the Levine Center for the Arts in Charlotte, NC.

References

Design companies established in 1968
Companies based in Atlanta
Architecture firms of the United States
1968 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)


title: Carl Faingold

text:
Carl L. Faingold is an American neuroscientist who is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Pharmacology of Southern Illinois University School of Medicine in Springfield, Illinois;  he is a founding faculty member of both the department and the School of Medicine.  He has had an extensive career as a medical and graduate student educator as well as a researcher into brain mechanisms.   He is a specialist in the actions of drugs on brain activity at the level of the single neuron as it relates to networks of neurons in awake behaving animals.

Education

Faingold received his B.S. in Pharmacy from   the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1965,   and a Ph.D. in pharmacology  from Northwestern University in 1970. This was followed by a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Missouri Institute of Psychiatry.   He is a long-time member of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ASPET, the Research Society on Alcoholism RSA, the American Epilepsy Society (AES), and the Society for Neuroscience (SfN).

Research interests
A major research direction in Faingold’s lab is in the area of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which is a devastating and relatively rare problem that can occur in patients with epilepsy. Since first publishing about a mouse model of SUDEP in 2007 in DBA mice, His lab has explored the role of brain chemicals, serotonin and adenosine, in potential preventative treatments for SUDEP in these mice, including a possible role of agents that enhance the action of serotonin in SUDEP prevention.  These agents include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which prevent SUDEP in mice with some evidence of potential usefulness in human epileptic patients as well.

His lab has published several recent papers on the subject of SUDEP prevention in two mouse models of SUDEP in DBA/1 and DBA/2 mice.

Publications

He has participated in the writing of the "AMSPC Knowledge Objectives in Pharmacology" as co-editor with Richard Eisenberg, . of the  2012 update and expansion of these pharmacology teaching objectives.  He also served as co-editor of  Brody’s Human Pharmacology]  with   Lynn Wecker, George Dunaway, Lynn Crespo and Stephanie Watts.

Faingold has recently (2014) published a book with co-editor, Hal Blumenfeld, Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience and Neurosurgery at Yale University School of Medicine.Neuronal Networks in Brain Function, CNS Disorders, and Therapeutics

Awards
Faingold was named Distinguished Scholar of the   Southern Illinois University system in 2009.

Further reading

 Uteshev, V.V., S. Tupal, Y. Mhaskar, and C. L. Faingold. Abnormal serotonin receptor expression in DBA/2 mice associated with susceptibility to sudden death due to respiratory arrest. Epilepsy Res. 88, pp. 183–188, 2010
 Faingold, C.L., Tupal, S. and Randall, M. Prevention of seizure-induced sudden death in a chronic SUDEP model by semichronic administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Epilepsy Behav., 22:186-190, 2011.
 Faingold, C.L., Randall, M. Mhaskar, Y. and Uteshev, V. V.. Differences in serotonin receptor expression in the brainstem may explain the differential ability of a serotonin agonist to block seizure-induced sudden death in DBA/2 vs. DBA/1 mice. Brain Res., 1418:104-110, 2011.
 Faingold CL, Tupal S, Mhaskar Y, Uteshev VV.  DBA mice as models of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.  IN:  Sudden Death in Epilepsy: Forensic and Clinical Issue, (C. Lathers, P. Schraeder, M. Bungo, J. Leestma, editors), Taylor and Francis, 657-674, 2010.
 Faingold CL. Brainstem networks: reticulo-cortical synchronization in generalized convulsive seizures. In: Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. 4th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2012: 257-271. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Available from: http://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK82044/.
 Feng, H.J., Faingold, C.L. Ketamine in mood disorders and epilepsy. In: Costa A and Villalba E, eds. Horizons in Neuroscience Research, Vol. 10. P. 103-122, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2013.

References

External links
Faculty page at SIU

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Southern Illinois University faculty
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
Northwestern University alumni
American neuroscientists