title: List of films set around New Year

text:
This is a list of films set on or around the New Year of the Gregorian calendar.

Action
 Assault on Precinct 13 (2005)
 Friday Foster (1975)

Comedy

 Are We There Yet? (2005)
 Bachelor Mother (1939)
 Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989)
 Carnival Night (1956)
 Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986)
 Every Day's a Holiday (1937)
 Four Rooms (1995)
 Get Crazy (1983)
 Ghostbusters II (1989)
 The Gold Rush (1925)
 The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)
 The Passionate Thief (1960)
 It Happened on Fifth Avenue (1947)
 Junior Miss (1945)
 My Big Night (2015)
 New Year's Day (2001)
 Operation Happy New Year (1996)
 Operation Petticoat (1959)
 Party Party (1983)
 Radio Days (1987)
 Trading Places (1983)
 Whatever Works (2009)

Comedy-drama

 200 Cigarettes (1999)
 Bridge and Tunnel (2014)
 Diner (1982)
 For Keeps (1988)
 Forrest Gump (1994)
 Highball (1997)
 Ladies in Black (2018)
 A Long Way Down (2014)
 Mermaids (1990)
 Metropolitan (1990)
 More American Graffiti (1979)
 New Year's Day (1989)
 Peter's Friends (1992)
 Starter for 10 (2006)
 Surviving New Year's (2008)
 Sweet Hearts Dance (1988)

Crime/caper/heist

 After the Thin Man (1936)
 Better Luck Tomorrow (2002)
 La bonne année (1973)
 Dick Tracy (1990)
 Dhoom (2004)
 Entrapment (1999)
 The Godfather Part II (1974)
 Happy New Year (1987)
 Little Caesar (1931)
 Money Train (1995)
 Ocean's 11 (1960)
 Poor Sasha (1997)

Disaster
 Beyond the Poseidon Adventure (1979)
 Ground Control (1998)
 Poseidon (2006)
 The Poseidon Adventure (1972)
 The Poseidon Adventure (2005)

Drama

 54 (1998)
 Boogie Nights (1997)
 Carol (2015)
 Cavalcade (1933)
 The Divorcee (1930)
 Fruitvale Station (2013)
 Home Before Dark (1958)
 I'll Be Seeing You (1944)
 I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (1977)
 Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977)
 Middle of the Night (1959)
 My Reputation (1946)
 The New Year (2010)
 New Year's Eve (1929)
 One Way Passage (1932)
 The Passionate Friends (1949)
 Penny Serenade (1941)
 Phantom Thread (2017)
 Pollock (2000)
 Il Posto (1961)
 Splendor in the Grass (1961)
 The Stud (1978)
 'Til We Meet Again (1940)
 Two Lovers (2008)
 Ulysses' Gaze (1995)
 Yanks (1979)

Film noir
 Backfire (1950)
 Repeat Performance (1947)
 Sunset Boulevard (1950)
 Walk Softly, Stranger (1950)

Horror

 Angel Heart (1987)
 Antisocial (2013)
 Bloody New Year (1987)
 The Children (2008)
 Day Watch (2006)
 End of Days (1999)
 Ghostkeeper (1981)
 Holidays (2016)
 Iced (1988)
 The Mephisto Waltz (1971)
 Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933)
 New Year's Evil (1980)
 The Phantom Carriage (1921)
 The Phantom Carriage (1958)
 Rosemary's Baby (1968)
 The Shining (1980)
 Terror Train (1980)
 V/H/S/99 (segment "To Hell and Back") (2022)

Musical
 An American in Paris (1951)
 Bundle of Joy (1956)
 Carnival Night (1956)
 Get Crazy (1983)
 Holiday Inn (1942)
 New Year Adventures of Masha and Vitya (1975)
 Rent (2005)

Romance/romantic comedy

 About a Boy (2002)
 An Affair to Remember (1957)
 And So They Were Married (1936)
 The Apartment (1960)
 Baby Cakes (1989)
 Bachelor Mother (1939)
 Bridget Jones's Diary (2001)
 Café Society (2016)
 Can't Buy Me Love (1987)
 Come Look at Me (2001)
 Desk Set (1957)
 Holiday (1938)
 The Holiday (2006)
 Holiday Affair (1949)
 In Search of a Midnight Kiss (2008)
 The Irony of Fate (1976)
 The Irony of Fate 2 (2007)
 It's Love I'm After (1937)
 Made for Each Other (1939)
 The Moon's Our Home (1936)
 New Year's Eve (2011)
 Remember the Night (1940)
 The Rose Bowl Story (1952)
 Sex and the City: The Movie (2008)
 Sleepless in Seattle (1993)
 Someone Like You (2001)
 Untamed Heart (1993)
 When Harry Met Sally... (1989)
 While You Were Sleeping (1995)
 Yolki (2010)
 Yolki 2 (2011)
 Yolki 3 (2013)
 Yolki 1914 (2014)
 Yolki 5 (2016)

Science fiction
 Alien Nation: Millennium (1996)
 Black Lightning (2009)
 Doctor Who (1996)
 Snowpiercer (2013)
 Strange Days (1995)
 The Time Machine (1960)
 The End of Evangelion (1997)

Thriller
 Bitter Moon (1992)
 Night Train to Paris (1964)
 Survivor (2015)
 Taboo (2002)
 Under Suspicion (2000)

Compilations
 Cinematic Depictions of New Year’s Eve (1921-2015) An edited montage of the New Year scenes of many of these films.

See also
 New Year's Eve
 New Year's Day

Lists of films set around holidays


title: Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's 400 metres hurdles

text:
The women's 400 metres hurdles event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 18 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

Results

References

400
1998
1998 in women's athletics


title: Kyle Vinales

text:
Kyle Vinales (born June 18, 1992) () is an American basketball player who last played for Legia Warszawa of the Polish Basketball League. He previously competed for the Central Connecticut Blue Devils men's basketball team. He announced that he would not transfer following the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season despite the high possibility due to CCSU's lack of success in basketball. Vinales is one of the highest scorers in Division I college basketball and most notably averaged 21.6 points in his successful sophomore season.

High school career
Vinales began playing basketball with The Phelps School in Malvern, Pennsylvania. Under head coach Brian Shanahan, he emerged as a pure scorer with a diverse attacking game. However, the combo guard would later move to North Farmington High School and start playing with coach Tom Negoshian. He spent his sophomore, junior, and senior seasons at Farmington Hills. In his last year with North Farmington, Vinales averaged about 25.7 points per game. Some of his greatest honors in high school include All-Oakland County and Second Team All-State.

Collegiate career
Before committing to Central Connecticut State University, Vinales was rated as a one-star recruit by ESPN Recruiting Nation Basketball with a scout grade of 78. He officially signed with the team on November 8, 2010.

Vinales made an excellent career debut after scoring 24 points and recording 5 steals in a loss against Yale on November 11, 2011. He would score a season-high 39 points in his second game against Niagara. Due to his performances, Vinales was named Northeast Conference Rookie of the Week on several occasions, but never earned more prestigious honors.

In his sophomore season at CCSU, Vinales became known as one of the top scorers in the NCAA. He averaged the seventh-most points in the Division I and became the quickest player in school history to reach the 1,000 point ceiling. Vinales was named NEC Player of the Week during the season, and was also named the conference's Rookie of the Year, making the All-Rookie Team as well. Following the season, Vinales made the decision to return to Central Connecticut despite the strong possibility of the transfer.

In his third year playing basketball for CCSU, Vinales continued to be one of the most aggressive scorers in the NCAA. However, in January 2014, Vinales injured his shooting hand during practice. Howie Dickenman, the team's head coach, made the statement, "You hate to see it happen to someone who works so hard."

Kyle never played in his senior year. He announced that he would not be playing via Twitter, saying "No more college ball for me. Time to start my pro career" after he was arrested in October 2014 for allegedly assaulting his girlfriend. He ended his career with 1,514 points and hopes to play in the NBA. However, he was later signed by the Puerto Rican team Vaqueros de Bayamon for the 2015 season.

Professional career
In 2015 Vinales won the Tunisian league MVP when he averages 22.4 point and 6 assist per game. He also won the Tunisian league championship in the same year. In 2018 he was named to the BSN (Puerto Rican league) top five players. When he averaged 20.1 pts per game 3.4 rebs and 3.6 assist for Humacao Caciques.

On September 30, 2019, he has signed with Kalev/Cramo of the Latvian–Estonian League.

On July 12, 2020, he has signed with Lietkabelis of the Lithuanian Basketball League. Vinales played for Gigantes de Carolina of the Puerto Rican league in 2021, averaging 11.2 points, 5.0 assists, and 3.4 rebounds per game. On September 7, 2021, he signed with KK Studentski centar of the Prva A Liga and the ABA League.

In Februaray, 2022, he signed with Mets de Guaynabo of the Puerto Rican League.

On July 4, 2022, he has signed with SLUC Nancy Basket of the LNB Pro A.

On January 1, 2023, he signed with Legia Warszawa of the Polish Basketball League.

The Basketball Tournament
Vinales joined House of 'Paign, a team composed primarily of Illinois alumni in The Basketball Tournament 2020. He scored five points and dished out four assists in a 76-53 win over War Tampa in the first round.

References

1992 births
Living people
ABA League players
AEK Larnaca B.C. players
American expatriate basketball people in Cyprus
American expatriate basketball people in Estonia
American expatriate basketball people in Montenegro
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Detroit
BC Kalev/Cramo players
BC Lietkabelis players
Caciques de Humacao players
Central Connecticut Blue Devils men's basketball players
Club Africain basketball players
KK Studentski centar players
Legia Warsaw (basketball) players
Point guards
Shooting guards
SLUC Nancy Basket players
Vaqueros de Bayamón basketball players
Brujos de Guayama players
Mets de Guaynabo basketball players
Gigantes de Carolina basketball players


title: Battle of Ławica

text:
The Battle of Lawica was one of battles of the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919). It took place on January 9, 1919: Polish rebels defeated German forces, capturing the Poznań-Ławica Airport, together with rich war booty, estimated at 200 million ℳ. It is named after the now-suburb of Ławica.

Capture of the Lawica Airport
The Greater Poland Uprising began on December 27, 1918, in Poznań, which at that time was called Posen, and was capitol of the Province of Posen, German Empire. Polish rebels quickly gained control of most of the city and its suburbs, but failed to capture the airport, located in the village of Ławica. The airport, called at that time Die Fliegerstation Posen-Lawitz, was home to Flieger Ersatz Abteilung Nr 4, a unit of the Imperial German Air Service. It was guarded by 200–400 soldiers, and Poles were well aware of the fact that a great number of military equipment, including planes and balloons, was kept there.

In early January 1919, rumour spread among local Poles that the Germans planned to bomb the rebellious city, using planes of the Flieger Ersatz Abteilung Nr 4. In the night of January 4/5, 1919, Polish military authorities decided to capture the Ławica airport, together with the equipment. Major Stanisław Taczak supported this move, and on January 5, a delegation of Poles headed to Ławica, urging Germans to surrender. All communication links between Ławica and Berlin had been broken, also supplies of electricity were cut off. The Germans agreed to capitulate, but with full honours. The Poles, on the other hand, demanded an unconditional surrender, so the negotiations ended.

Polish attack, supported by cannons, began on January 6, at 6:30 in the morning. After a short barrage, in which airport tower was destroyed, Polish infantry entered the battle. To the relief of Poles, who wanted to capture the planes intact, German commandant Fischer surrendered after 20 minutes. Altogether, two Germans and one Pole died in the skirmish.

Following the capitulation, Polish rebels managed to seize most of the German equipment, including over 300 planes, 20 machine guns and a number of balloons. The Germans had tried to take the planes to the nearest airfield, located at Frankfurt (Oder). Among the booty were several LVG C.V reconnaissance aircraft, ready to assemble and use. Polish Air Force checkerboards were painted over black German crosses, and captured planes flew over Poznan on January 7, cheered by its Polish residents. Soon afterwards, four squadrons were sent to Warsaw. First Polish commandant of the Ławica Airport was Sergeant Wiktor Pniewski.

Unable to cope with this failure, the Germans decided to fight back. On January 6, German planes attacked rebel positions near Naklo, and on the next day, they bombed Ławica. In response, Polish officers decided to bomb the Frankfurt Airport.

Alleged First Raid on Frankfurt (Oder) Airport
Allegedly, on January 9 1919, first successful bombing raid in the history of Polish Air Force took place. According to the memoirs of Wiktor Pniewski, commander of the troops that captured the airport, it took Polish planes 30 minutes to get to Frankfurt. Taken by surprise, the Germans did not defend the airfield: the raid lasted one hour, during which six Polish planes dropped  of bombs. German residents of the city were horrified: Frankfurt was located far away from either World War I front, and had not seen any destruction during the conflict. Overall, 36 Polish bombs destroyed the hangar and one plane. All Polish machines returned safely to Poznań, and after this raid, German side ceased to use the vulnerable Frankfurt airport.

However, modern historians doubt that the raid ever took place. All studies concerning the alleged raid are based on Pniewski's memoirs. The first notion about the raid appears only in 1975 in the works of Kazimierz Sławiński. The first mention appeared in a version of Pniewski's memoirs in 1931 which referred to a threatening retaliatory air raid to Frankfurt (Oder). Two planes took off but turned back.

There are no reports or commendations from the raid in Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe (Central Military Archives). Also the Frankfurt press issued at that time does not mention the air raid.

On January 17, 1919, Polish reconnaissance planes were sent  into German territory, and in mid-March, 1st Greater Poland Field Squadron was created. This unit was soon sent to the area of Lwow, to fight in the Polish–Ukrainian War, so 2nd Greater Poland Field Squadron was created to watch the skies over Greater Poland. This squadron was also sent to Eastern Galicia: in mid-June 1919, it was relocated to Stryj, taking part in the Polish–Soviet War.

The Battle of Ławica was commemorated on Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw, with the inscription "POZNAN – LAWICA 28 XII 1918 – 6 I 1919".

Sources
 Leszek Adamczewski, Slawomir Kmiecik: Zwyciezcy. Bohaterowie Powstania Wielkopolskiego 1918-1919 we wspomnieniach swoich bliskich. Poznan 2008, , s. 66-67
 Radoslaw Nawrot: Pierwszy nalot Polaków. Warszawa: Agora.
 Krzysztof Mroczkowski: Pierwsze orly w powietrzu. Warszawa: Rzeczpospolita

Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
1919 in Poland
Ławica
January 1919 events
Battles in 1919


title: Iura

text:
Iura may refer to:

Ius, plural iura, right or law in Latin
Arata Iura (born 1974), Japanese actor

See also
Lura (disambiguation)
Jura (disambiguation)
Yura (disambiguation)


title: Emerson Santos

text:
Emerson Santos may refer to:

 Emerson Santos (footballer, born 1992), Brazilian football attacking midfielder
 Emerson Santos (footballer, born 1995), Brazilian football centre-back


title: Gar Anthony Haywood

text:
Gar Anthony Haywood is an American author of crime fiction. He was born in Los Angeles in 1954, and worked as a computer technician for over a decade before he started publishing novels.

Fear of The Dark (1988) won the Shamus Award for best first private investigator novel. It also spawned a long-running series that featured the protagonist Aaron Gunner. The Aaron Gunner books are hardboiled detective fiction, inspired by Ross Macdonald's Los Angeles novels. Haywood has also written several standalone thrillers, as well as a pair of light, comic mysteries.

Haywood has also written numerous screenplays for television, including an episode of New York Undercover and the TV movie adaptation of Bad As I Wanna Be, the autobiography of basketball player Dennis Rodman.

Aaron Gunner mystery novels
Good Man Gone Bad (Prospect Park, 2019) is Heywood's seventh mystery novel, featuring Aaron Gunner, 60-year-old African-American private investigator.

References

1954 births
American crime fiction writers
Living people
American male novelists
Novelists from Los Angeles
American male screenwriters
American male television writers
American television writers
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Screenwriters from California
Anthony Award winners


title: Alastair Sim on stage and screen

text:
The Scottish actor Alastair Sim (1900–1976) performed in many media of light entertainment, including theatre, film and television. His career spanned from 1930 until his death. During that time he was a "memorable character player of faded Anglo-Scottish gentility, whimsically put-upon countenance, and sepulchral, sometimes minatory, laugh".

After studying chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, he was employed, between 1925 and 1930, as a lecturer in elocution at New College, Edinburgh, and also established his own school of drama and speech training. In 1930 he made his professional stage debut as a messenger in Othello at the Savoy Theatre, London—with Paul Robeson and Peggy Ashcroft in the lead roles. During the next five years he appeared on stage in New York and the UK, and spent two years at the Old Vic.

In 1935 he made his film debut, appearing in The Riverside Murder (dir. Albert Parker); he appeared in four films that year, and five the following. His film career progressed and by the mid 1940s he was a well-known figure in the theatre and cinema. The Times highlighted some of his more notable films, including Green for Danger (1946), The Happiest Days of Your Life (1950), Scrooge (1951), An Inspector Calls (1954), The Green Man (1956) and School for Scoundrels (1960). His Burke and Hare film The Anatomist debuted on British TV in 1956, and was later released theatrically in the U.S. in 1961.

Sim had been Rector of the University of Edinburgh in 1951, and was awarded CBE in 1953, although he turned down a knighthood that was offered to him by Edward Heath. His biographer, Bruce Babington, considered that "Sim was the paradigm – authority figure, yes, but often shadily duplicitous, often a manipulator of official rhetoric, his sexless bachelor persona containing strains of sexual ambiguity, his jolliness a latent vampirism." Sim died in August 1976.

Stage credits

Filmography

Television

Notes and references
Notes

References

Sources

External links
 Alastair Sim at the BFI

Male actor filmographies
British filmographies
Scottish filmographies


title: Salwa Bughaighis

text:
Salwa Bugaighis (24 April 1963 – 25 June 2014) was a Libyan human rights and political activist. She was assassinated in Benghazi, Libya on 25 June 2014.

Life and career

Bugaighis was from a prominent Benghazi family and trained as a lawyer at Garyounis University in Benghazi. In the years prior to the February 2011 revolution in Libya, Bugaighis defended the cases of a number of ex-political prisoners against the government of Muammar Gaddafi. She joined some of the first protests in Benghazi against Muammar Gaddafi in February 2011 with a group of lawyers and other civil society activists.

Bugaighis became a founding member of and adviser to Libya's National Transitional Council which governed the country during and after the uprising. Her sister, Iman, a professor of orthodontics, was the spokesperson for the Council. Salwa resigned her position after three months to protest against the absence of women in the new government and the lack of proper democratic practice in the council.

She also opposed moves to make the wearing of the hijab compulsory, and her views brought her into conflict with Islamist extremists.

Before her assassination, Bugaighis served as deputy chair of a National Dialogue Commission, a commission appointed by the then prime minister of Libya, Ali Zeydan, whose objective was to bridge Libya's factional divide. She was mentor to many civil-society activists, particularly young ones. She had updated Facebook with pictures of herself voting on the day she was killed.

Assassination

On 25 June 2014, Bugaighis was shot through the head by a group of four gunmen who broke into her house, wounding a security guard and abducting her husband, Essam al-Ghariani.

There was a very strong reaction to her murder. A large number of Benghazi women went out in the streets to protest this crime in the days following her death. Human rights activists and organizations have organized many events in her memory inside and outside of Libya, and she has become an icon of the fight for freedom and democracy in Libya. Fariha al-Berkawi, a member of the General National Congress who strongly condemned Bughaighis' death, was shot by a gunman at a gas station in Derna three weeks later, on 17 July 2014.

International reactions
The US Ambassador to Libya, Deborah Jones, said the killing was "heartbreaking". British ambassador Michael Aron tweeted "devastated about horrific murder" and called Bugaighis a "leading light of the 17 February revolution and human rights champion". US National Security Advisor Susan Rice, reflecting on meeting Bugaighis, said "I was deeply impressed by her courage, leadership and dedication to building a peaceful, democratic Libya where the rights and freedoms of all Libyan women and men are respected and protected."

Personal life

Her family is known for its diversity. She had a brother affiliated in the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Justice and Construction Party. She had three sons. Her cousins are Laila Bugaighis, a Libyan physician and women's rights activist and Wafa Bughaighis, a peace and education activist and the former Libyan ambassador to the United States.

References

2014 deaths
Members of the National Transitional Council
People of the First Libyan Civil War
People from Benghazi
1963 births
Assassinated Libyan people
People murdered in Libya
Libyan human rights activists
Libyan women activists
2014 murders in Libya
Assassinations in Libya


Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, 323 F.2d 959 (4th Cir. 1963), was a federal case, reaching the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which held that "separate but equal" racial segregation in publicly funded hospitals was a violation of equal protection under the United States Constitution.

Background
George Simkins, Jr. was a dentist and NAACP leader in Greensboro, North Carolina. One of his patients, an African-American person, developed an abscessed tooth and Simkins felt that the patient required medical treatment, but none of the local hospitals that would accept African-American patients had space for the patient. With the assistance of the NAACP and other medical professionals in the area, Simkins filed suit, arguing that because the Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital and Wesley Long Hospital had received $2.8 million through the Hill–Burton Act that they were subject to the Constitutional guarantee of equal protection. The suit was filed in February 1962.

At district court, the suit was dismissed, the court finding that there was no involvement of the state or federal government. This ruling was appealed to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in November 1963.

Decision

In a 3-2 decision, the Fourth Circuit overturned the district ruling, looking to whether the hospitals and the government were so intertwined by funding and law that the hospitals' "activities are also the activities of those governments and performed under their aegis without the private body necessarily becoming either their instrumentality or their agent in a strict sense." The Court held that to be the case.

The Court then found the provision for segregated "separate but equal" facilities to be unconstitutional, and it struck down that portion of the Hill–Burton Act.

A dissent, authored by Judge Haynsworth and joined by Judge Boreman, argued that the hospitals' operations involved no "state action". They noted that hospitals had preceded the creation of the Hill–Burton Act.

The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, who denied certiorari. As a result, the Appeals court ruling stood, but was only precedent within the jurisdiction of the Fourth Circuit—Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.

Subsequent developments

In 1964, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin for any agency receiving state or federal funding.

References

Sources

External links

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit cases
1963 in United States case law
Civil rights movement case law
History of Greensboro, North Carolina
United States equal protection case law
United States racial desegregation case law
Healthcare in Greensboro, North Carolina
Cone Health


title: Room to Let

text:
Room to Let may refer to:

 Room to let, a form of housing
 Room to Let (1950 film), a British historical thriller film


title: Tylomelania celebicola

text:
Tylomelania celebicola is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

This species was originally described as a subspecies. The specific name celebicola is derived from the Celebes, a former name of Sulawesi, where this species occurs.

Distribution
This species occurs in central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Ecology
Tylomelania celebicola is a riverine species.

References

celebicola
Gastropods described in 1898


title: Sviatlana Pirazhenka

text:
Sviatlana Aliaksandrauna Pirazhenka (; born 12 September 1992) is a Belarusian former tennis player.

In her career, she won four singles and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 August 2014, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 371. On 7 July 2014, she peaked at No. 253 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Pirazhenka made her WTA Tour debut at the 2014 Gastein Ladies, partnering Irina Falconi in doubles. The pair lost their first-round match against Kateryna Bondarenko and Nicole Melichar in three sets.

ITF finals

Singles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runner-ups)

Doubles: 46 (20 titles, 26 runner-ups)

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Belarusian female tennis players
Universiade medalists in tennis
Universiade silver medalists for Belarus
Medalists at the 2011 Summer Universiade
21st-century Belarusian women


title: Terry Bonchaka

text:
Terry Bonchaka (c. 1982 – 29 October 2003) was a Ghanaian hiplife artist who after a performance died in a car accident.

Education
He had his basic education at Ewit Greenwich Classical Academy and secondary education at Adisadel College.

Discography
List of songs over the period.

 Lomna Va
 Ghana Lady
Pulele
Ewurade
I am Aware
Asem Ben Ni
Chichinappi

Death
He died in a car accident while returning from a performance at a Hall week celebration that was held at University of Ghana.

References

Ghanaian musicians
1982 births
2003 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Road incident deaths in Ghana


title: Middle Italy

text:
Middle Italy may refer to:
 Central Italy, the central region of Italy
 Middle Italy (political party), a defunct minor centrist political party in Italy


title: Little Russia Office

text:
The Little Russia Office () was a Muscovite state agency (Prikaz) and  administrative body of the Tsardom of Muscovy in charge of affairs connected with the Cossack Hetmanate and the Left-bank Ukraine. Created on , the office existed until 1722 when it was transformed into the Collegium of Little Russia and moved to Hlukhiv. The Little Russia Office was part of the bigger Ambassadorial Office and since 1671 was chaired by the head of the office.

Located in Moscow, since 1707 the agency had its resident general in the hetman's capital. Conditions of the office were expressed in articles (or statutes; ) which were concluded with every newly elected Hetman.

Overview
Noticeable is the fact that the Little Russia Prikase was created about a week later after the official confirmation of Hetman Pavlo Teteria in Chyhyryn after he was elected the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host earlier in October 1662. The prikase sanctioned an alternative elections of hetman which led to election of the Kosh Otaman Ivan Briukhovetsky as another Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in Nizhyn in June 1663 (see Chorna rada of 1663). The creation of dual hetmanship conditionally divided Ukraine along the Dnieper which later in 1667 saw its virtual and legal realization at the Treaty of Andrusovo.

Composition and functions
The prikase consisted of four clerks (dyaks) and 15-40 assistants (podyachny). It controlled the Hetman and its officer council implementing a prikase-voivode system of the Russian administration in Ukraine. The prikase prevented any attempts that were undertaken to succeed Ukraine from Russia in its early stage. In 1722 it was transformed into the Collegium of Little Russia suspending next Hetman elections indefinitely.

Primary
 maintained ties on the tsar's behalf with the hetman's government and representatives in Moscow
 kept the tsar informed of developments
 gathered intelligence
 supervised and supplied the Muscovite garrisons in several of the Hetmanate's towns
 mitigated conflicts between them and the people
 oversaw the construction of fortresses and bridges
 looked after the interests of Russian merchants in Ukraine
 issued travel permits
 settled jurisdictional disputes

Additionally
 monitored the administrative institutions of the Hetman state
 monitored the hetman's correspondence with foreign rulers
 reviewed the hetman's appointments
 interfered in the affairs of the Orthodox church in Ukraine

Heads
 1663–1667 Boyar Pyotr Saltykov, dyak Ivan Mikhailov
 1667–1668 Boyar Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin (part of Ambassadorial Prikaz)
 1668–1676 Council Courtier Artamon Matveyev, dyaks Grigoriy Bogdanov and Yakov Pozdyshev
 since 1670 part of Ambassadorial Prikaz

Articles
 1654 March Articles
 1659 Pereyaslav Articles
 Moscow Articles of 1665

See also
 Grigory Romodanovsky
 Prikaz
 Governing Council of the Hetman Office

External links
 Little Russian Office at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
 Little Russian Office at the Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine
 Little Russian Office at the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
 Little Russia Prikase. Soviet Historical Encyclopedia.

1663 establishments in Russia
1722 disestablishments in the Russian Empire
Russia–Ukraine relations
Cossack Hetmanate


title: HMS Eugenie

text:
Two vessels of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Eugenie:

  was the French razee privateer Nouvelle Eugenie that  captured on 19 May 1797. The Navy sold her on 3 January 1803.
  was launched at Ipswich in 1800 as the mercantile Friends. She sailed as a West Indiaman between London and Jamaica until the British Royal Navy purchased her in 1804. By 1807 the Navy had withdrawn her from service, and in 1810 it sold her. She then returned to mercantile service.

See also

Royal Navy ship names


title: Hourglass treefrog (disambiguation)

text:
The hourglass treefrog is a frog found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.

Hourglass treefrog may also refer to:

 Common hourglass treefrog, a frog endemic to Sri Lanka
 False hourglass treefrog, a frog endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India
 Montane hourglass treefrog, a frog endemic to Sri Lanka


title: Harry Kerr

text:
Harry Kerr may refer to :

Harry Kerr (sport shooter) (1856–1936), Canadian sports shooter
Harry D. Kerr (1880–1957), American songwriter, lyricist, author, and lawyer
Harry Kerr (racewalker) (1879–1951), racewalker from New Zealand
Harrison Kerr (1897–1978), American composer of classical music


title: Mai-chan's Daily Life

text:
is a manga released in Japan consisting of 11 chapters and an omake, written and illustrated by Waita Uziga. It was published by Sanwa Shuppan on April 21, 2004, and serialized in Ayla Deluxe magazine. The manga was adapted from a previous manga written and illustrated by Waita Uziga, called Game Over, which is a compilation of 10 short stories. Two of the chapters were about Mai's story, the second chapter, "Mai-chan's Secret", and the third, "Mai-chan's Daily Life". Game Over was published on February 24, 2003 by Sanwa Shuppen, and serialized in Ayla Deluxe magazine.

A live-action film adaptation was released on November 29, 2014, directed and written by Sado Satō. An Koshi played the title role of Mai-chan.

Plot
A young maid, referred to as "Mai-chan", happens to be immortal, and her mistress forces her to participate in sexual acts with customers, who are allowed to do whatever they want to her. As well as being immortal, she has the ability to regenerate, as does a young boy called Kizuna. A life of being sexually humiliated and dismembered daily ensues.

Characters
 Mai: The title character. She is an innocent, clumsy, 17-year-old maid who is immortal, and has the power to regenerate.
 Kaede: Kaede is the chief maid of the mansion, and has a very sadistic personality. She enjoys the misfortune of Mai, who is sexually tortured every day. However, she does somewhat grow attached to Mai.
 Kizuna: He is a young boy who is a masochist, and in the same constitution as Mai. Like Mai, he also, has the power to regenerate.
 Sayurin: Kaede's "pet," a human with amputated limbs who appears to lack communication skills. She was also forced to be sexually tortured, but lacks immortality unlike Mai and is eventually accidentally killed.
 George Reitman: The "President of 'A' country", and one of the customers who came to the mansion. He threatens to take Mai away to be used as a lab experiment, but Kaede saves Mai from this worse fate by impaling him in the skull. (Kaede does not want to lose Mai because she is one of her "pets.")
 Erumo Muraki: One of the customers who came to the mansion.

Media

Chapters

Live action film
A live action film adaptation entitled MAI CHAN'S Daily Life: THE MOVIE was announced on Friday, 14 March 2014 by the manga creator Waita Uziga. Casting choices for the film included An Koshi as the title character, Mai-chan, Miyako Akane as a new character named Miyako, Soaco Roman as the head maid, and Shogo Maruyama as the master of the residence. The film was directed and written by Sado Satō, and supervised by Waita Uziga. The film was released on November 29, 2014, and had an English release on September 20, 2016.

Reception
The manga is well known for its grotesque material, and two scenes nearing the manga's end have become a popular internet meme and subject on 4chan. The title was included on She's Lost Control's "A Beginner's Guide to Eff’d-Up Hentai", which also includes Night Shift Nurses, Bible Black, and Imouto Paradise!.

References

External links
 Author's Official website

2003 manga
2004 manga
Horror anime and manga
Live-action films based on manga
Japanese horror films
Japanese splatter films
Seinen manga


title: Homa Sarshar

text:
Homa Sarshar (; also Romanized as Homā Sarshār; born 1946) is an Iranian-American author, activist, media personality, and award-winning journalist. She was a columnist for Zan-e-Ruz magazine and the Kayhan daily newspaper between 1964 and 1978.

Early life
Sarshar was born in Shiraz in 1946 to a Jewish family and raised in Tehran. She moved to United States and settled in Los Angeles one year before the Iranian Revolution in 1978. She studied French literature at Tehran University, earning a bachelor's degree in the subject. She later obtained a master's degree in journalism from the University of Southern California. In 1993, Sarshar joined Human Rights Watch as an adviser.

Awards and honors
Sarshar received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in 2013. In Iran, the Iranian Women's Organization of Tehran presented Sarshar with a Medal for Special Achievement in Women's Rights.

Bibliography
 Book of Now Ruz, Vol. 1–1988
 Book of Now Ruz, Vol. 2–1989
 Iranian Women's Image in Iranian Culture (ed.)–1993
 Iranian Women, Researches and Arts (ed.)–1993
 In the Back Alleys of Exile, 2 volumes–1993
 Women and Family in Iran and Abroad (ed.)–1994
 Women and Politics In Contemporary Iran (ed.)–1995
 Women, Sexuality and Islam (ed.)–1996
 Shaban Jafari, Naab Publishers (2002)
 Terua: The History of Contemporary Iranian Jews - Vol I (1996),
 The History of Contemporary Iranian Jews –Vol II, Center for Iranian Jewish Oral; Chap-i (1996),
 The History of Contemporary Iranian Jews –Vol III, Center for Iranian Jewish Oral; Unabridged edition (1999),
 The History of Contemporary Iranian Jews –Vol IV, Center for Iranian Jewish Oral; Unabridged edition (2000)

References

External links
 Homa sarshar official website

1946 births
Living people
Iranian Jews
Iranian emigrants to the United States
University of Tehran alumni
USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni
American women's rights activists
American writers of Iranian descent
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
People from Shiraz
American people of Iranian-Jewish descent
20th-century Iranian people
21st-century Iranian people


title: Tom Gilbey (designer)

text:
Tom Gilbey (19 May 1938 – 24 May 2017) was a British fashion designer associated with Savile Row tailoring of the 1960s. His designs have featured in the Fashion Museum, Bath, and are in the collections of the Victoria & Albert Museum and the Museum of London.

Early life
Tom Gilbey was born and grew up in a working-class family in New Cross, London. He left school at the age of fifteen.

Career
Gilbey entered the fashion industry in the 1960s.

In an article by Robin Dutt in London Portrait, entitled 'Major Tom', Gilbey recalled that 'the sixties was a decade of intense brilliance and horrific mistakes-in those days everybody was a somebody, and somebody was nobody'

Of his early days as a young designer Gilbey in a BBC documentary entitled Going to Work, The Rag Trade, states...'I started in a small, bespoke workshop in South London, and learned cutting and tailoring...all the practical and technical side'...’from there I attended Shoreditch Clothing college'. Emphasising at a young age, the practicalities of producing an actual garment Gilbey sagaciously advises potential designers…'it's all right doing sketches and things on paper, but you've got to sit down and get your form and get your line, and this is what you've got to convey to a machinist'…

Described as an iconoclast in the book, The Savile Row Story by Richard Walker, Gilbey describes the world into which he entered in 1968; 'It was a gentleman's world, a gentleman's club'.
Based in Sackville Street at an address that was once the headquarters of the Masini Brothers, who controlled the seedier West End clubs in the 1920s, Tom explains the link between the number of fittings required for a suit and the underworld: ‘..and in the back, or round the corner, would be something else – in lots of cases that's where the dozens of fittings came from’.
Expanding on this link between tailoring and the underworld, Tom continues: ‘those Chicago gangsters like Al Capone in the tailor’s shop, with all the action out at the back’

Speaking about new entrants to the Savile Row area then, Gilbey commented in The Independent, "You had Tommy Nutter, Rupert Lycett Green, Michael Fish and myself ... Tommy Nutter wasn't a tailor and a cutter. He came from the sales side."

Putting down an early marker as to his design philosophy in the 1967 book by Rodney Bennett-England, entitled Dress Optional; the revolution in menswear, Gilbey says "More people than ever are working, and harder too. They want clothes they can put on and forget about, but clothes that nevertheless look right and help them do the job. Such clothes must have ease of movement, easy-care properties, accent on design simplicity."

In the Tom Gilbey First Couture Programme notes of May 1968, Gilbey expands on his philosophy in 'The Tom Gilbey Concept': ' One-case-manship is an instant guide to how we have to dress. Clothes must be light and interchangeable but correctly co-ordinated so that a man's basic clothes have a many purpose life; they must take him, often without the need to change, from hard work to hard play.’

Rave reviews followed Gilbey's first Mens Couture Collection, amongst them Christopher Ward in the Daily Mirror, heralded Gilbey as 'one of Britain's more avant garde designers',...'a pioneer of the polo-neck, the cat suit, and the zip-up jacket'

A 1968 suit of his is in the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum, which writes of it, "Worn with a silk rollneck shirt , this suit exemplifies the informal dress codes of the later 1960s. The revolutionary idea of replacing the shirt and tie reached even to Savile Row establishments. Gilbey uses a traditional tweed for a futuristic design, incorporating zipped front and pocket fastenings.".

A 1969 suit in the Museum of London comes from Gilbey's shop in Sackville Street, where it required four fittings. It was made to be worn on a Queen Elizabeth II sailing from New York to Southampton on 8 October 1969, for dinner at the captain's table – "The wearer later regretted his choice, which looked totally out of place at a formal occasion where dinner jackets were the norm."

However, as Gilbey pointed out to Cliff Waller in The News, Mexico City the same year: ‘a man will always be more comfortable if he is wearing the clothes – not the clothes wearing him’

There were further positive reviews from Gilbey's 1970 show. In July, the Evening Standard reported: Softly, Slouchy-that's the message. Tom Gilbey, one of London's most successful and consistently interesting menswear designers, says that men's clothes should be languid, moody and slouchy...presented in his couture collection-a white jump suit that looks as though your vest has grown trousers...comfortable wear for a long hot summer-and slouchy enough.

Later the same month, Men's Wear magazine reported in an article entitled ‘Gilbey for every occasion’, ‘This was, above all, a collection of really wearable designs without sacrificing originality. I will be surprised if the couturiers in Rome and Paris between them, produce anything better.’

In the early 1970s, the snooker player Alex Higgins wore a Gilbey outfit whilst playing a match in a packed hall in Bombay. In high temperatures without air conditioning, Higgins found it unsuitable, and "sweated off another eight ounces in weight" with every ball he hit.

In 1995 one of his bridegroom's outfits was chosen, along with a Catherine Rayner wedding gown, to represent the Dress of the Year for 1995 in the Fashion Museum, Bath. He is particularly known for designing waistcoats.

Reminiscing to Joshua Sims in Rock Fashion in 1999, Gilbey recalls a number of anecdotes from his long career: ‘It wasn’t until Bill Haley came to Britain that Teddy Boys became the archetypal ruffian. Before that it had been about posing, but the music gave people a reason to dress up other than to parade around looking in shop windows at yourself.’
Regarding The Beatles ‘I think it’s fair to say that they did steal that collarless look from Pierre Cardin. But their look did evolve from that. I was involved in making other funny collars for them at the time, and made the Capes for ‘Help’’
‘The Mod look was very functional in a way. The bum-freezer jacket with its double vents facilitated sitting on a scooter. It was derived from the British hunting jacket, of course’
‘I was asked to design a look for The Kinks and decided that a Regency look would go with their haircuts, so I made those high collared jackets and put them with frilly-fronted shirts. I’m still owed £1,500 for doing that’

The Fashion Book, an informative and definitive compendium of international designers, summarised Gilbey's career thus: ‘With his trademark simplicity and almost militaristic neatness, Gilbey was an important force in menswear in the 1960s…Gilbey is one of fashions visionaries’.

Personal life
Gilbey's second marriage was to literary agent Sally Riley in Kensington and Chelsea in 2005. The couple lived in London and had a second home on the Isle of Wight.

He died from cancer on 24 May 2017, at the age of 79.

References

1939 births
2017 deaths
British fashion designers
Menswear designers
People from New Cross
Designers from London


title: Wild Canaries

text:
Wild Canaries is an American black comedy mystery film directed, produced and written by Lawrence Michael Levine and starring Levine, Sophia Takal, Alia Shawkat, Annie Parisse, Jason Ritter and Kevin Corrigan. The film had its world premiere premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival on  March 8, 2014. The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on February 25, 2015 courtesy of Sundance Selects.

Synopsis
Barri (Sophia Takal) and Noah (Lawrence Michael Levine) are a couple who suspect the mysterious death of their neighbor Sylvia (Marylouise Burke). With their friend Jean (Alia Shawkat), they investigate the crime and discover secrets in the apartment. Anthony (Kevin Corrigan) becomes the prime suspect.

Cast

Sophia Takal as Barri
Lawrence Michael Levine as Noah
Alia Shawkat as Jean
Jason Ritter as Damien Anders
Annie Parisse as Eleanor
Kevin Corrigan as Anthony
Marylouise Burke as Sylvia
Lindsay Burdge as Annabell
Eleonore Hendricks as Molly
Jennifer Kim as Lori
Kent Osborne as Calvin
Bob Byington as Disgruntled Filmmaker

Release
The film premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival on March 8, 2014. On December 23, 2014, it was announced that Sundance Selects had acquired distribution rights for the film with a planned 2015 release. The film was released in a limited release and on video on demand beginning on February 25, 2015. The film went on to premiere at the Sarasota Film Festival on April 10, 2014, and various other film festivals throughout 2014.

Critical reception
Wild Canaries received positive reviews from film critics. It holds an 85% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 67 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Justin Chang of Variety gave the film a positive review writing: "Far too eventful, plot-driven and frankly fun to be classified as mumblecore, 'Canaries' can only build on Levine’s audience; it could catch on with savvy indie filmgoers, particularly those with an affection for the genre being saluted." Eric Kohn of Indiewire.com gave the film a positive review giving the film a B writing :"Levine's bubbly murder mystery, in which the ultimate solution to the whodunit scenario matters less than the wily energy its characters bring to uncovering every piece of the puzzle."

Controversy
A theater in Sandpoint, Idaho refused to screen the film, due to the film not receiving an MPAA rating; the owner stated that the film "contained subject matter not in keeping with the standards of the Panida and I have chosen to cancel screenings for Friday and Saturday matinee. I apologize for any inconvenience." The owner also claimed IFC Films did not make them “aware” of the content. However, cast member Sophia Takal took to her official Facebook account stating: "Wild Canaries has no nudity, no sex scenes. It has two scenes where a guy is smoking marijuana. It has two lesbian main characters. It's hard not to jump to the conclusion that that's why they pulled it."

References

External links

2014 films
American black comedy films
2014 black comedy films
American crime comedy films
2010s crime comedy films
2010s comedy mystery films
American romantic thriller films
American detective films
American comedy thriller films
American independent films
2014 LGBT-related films
American LGBT-related films
LGBT-related drama films
Films set in Brooklyn
2014 comedy films
Films directed by Lawrence Michael Levine
2010s English-language films
2010s American films


title: Pulmonary venoocclusive disease

text:
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension caused by progressive blockage of the small veins in the lungs. The blockage leads to high blood pressures in the arteries of the lungs, which, in turn, leads to heart failure. The disease is progressive and fatal, with median survival of about 2 years from the time of diagnosis to death. The definitive therapy is lung transplantation.

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms for pulmonary veno-occlusive disease are the following:

Cause
The genetic cause of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is mutations in EIF2AK4 gene. Though this does not mean other possible causes do not exist, such as viral infection and risk of toxic chemicals (chemotherapy drugs).

Pathophysiology

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease may have a genetic basis. Published reports have indicated fatal occurrences that appeared to possess a familial pattern, more to the point, a germline mutation. The pathophysiology of veno-occlusive disease culminates in occlusion of the pulmonary blood vessels. This could be due to edematous tissue (sclerotic fibrous tissue). Thickening is identified in lobular septal veins, also dilatation of lymphatics happens. Furthermore, alveolar capillaries become dilated (due to back-pressure).

Diagnosis
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease can only be well diagnosed with a lung biopsy. CT scans may show characteristic findings such as ground-glass opacities in centrilobular distribution, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, but these findings are non-specific and may be seen in other conditions. However, pulmonary hypertension (revealed via physical examination), in the presence of pleural effusion (done via CT scan) usually indicates a diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. The prognosis indicates usually a 2-year (24 month) life expectancy after diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatments for primary pulmonary hypertension such as prostacyclins and endothelin receptor antagonists can be fatal in people with PVOD due to the development of severe pulmonary edema, and worsening symptoms after initiation of these medications may be a clue to the diagnosis of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease.

The definitive therapy is lung transplantation, though transplant rejection is always a possibility, in this measures must be taken in terms of appropriate treatment and medication.

Epidemiology
Pulmonary venoocclusive disease is rare, difficult to diagnose, and probably frequently misdiagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Prevalence in parts of Europe is estimated to be 0.1-0.2 cases per million.

PVOD appears to occur as frequently in men as in women, and age at diagnosis ranges from 7–74 years with a median of 39 years. PVOD may occur in patients with associated diseases such as HIV, bone marrow transplantation, and connective tissue diseases. PVOD has also been associated with several chemotherapy regimens such as bleomycin, BCNU, and mitomycin.

Society
 Chloe Temtchine, American singer-songwriter with PVOD

References

Further reading

External links

Cardiovascular diseases
Lung disorders


title: Ratum sed non consummatum

text:
The term ratum sed non consummatum () or ratum et non consummatum () refers to a juridical-sacramental category of marriage in Catholic matrimonial canon law. If a matrimonial celebration takes place (ratification) but the spouses have not yet engaged in intercourse (consummation), then the marriage is said to be a marriage ratum sed non consummatum. The Tribunal of the Roman Rota has exclusive competence to dispense from marriages ratum sed non consummatum, which can only be granted for a "just reason". This process should not be confused with the process for declaring the nullity of marriage, which is treated of in a separate title of the 1983 Code of Canon Law.

History

Two different theories of marriage were in vogue for some time in the schools of canonical jurists. For Gratian and the school of Bologna, marriage is begun by consent, but it becomes complete, indissoluble, and a sacrament only when it is consummated. For Peter Lombard and the school of Paris, marriage contracted by mutual consent alone is a true and complete marriage, absolutely indissoluble, and, between Christians, a sacrament. This second theory had the support of early Christian writers, received the approval of Sovereign Pontiffs, particularly of Alexander III, and soon prevailed. It was conceded, however, to the first theory that, whilst non-consummated marriage is a complete marriage and a sacrament, yet it is not absolutely indissoluble. This quality belongs fully to the marriage ratified and consummated. Thus mutual consent is sufficient to constitute marriage in its essence; consummation adds an accidental perfection and more absolute indissolubility Absolute indissolubility is attributed only to ratified and consummated marriages between Christians.

1917 Code of Canon Law

Canon 1119 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law stipulated two cases in which a marriage ratum sed non consummatum may be dissolved, namely, (1) if one of the parties takes solemn vows in a religious order or (2) a dispensation is issued by the Holy See.

Dissolution by solemn religious profession
That solemn religious profession dissolves a merely ratified marriage was authoritatively declared by Alexander III (c. 2 and 7, x, iii, 32) and Innocent III (c. 14, x, iii, 32), universally received in practice, after them, and defined by the Council of Trent (Sess. xxiv, De Sacramento Matrimonii, Can. 6). The only question which remained controverted was whether religious profession dissolved marriage by divine, or, as more commonly admitted, by ecclesiastical, right.

Current discipline under the 1983 Code

Under the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the discipline of 1917 has been changed; a marriage ratum sed non consummatum can now be dissolved only by a dispensation from the pope or his delegate. The pope has delegated competency for granting such dispensations to the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, one of the ordinary tribunals of the Apostolic See.

Competency for granting dispensation

The administrative process for granting the favor of a dispensation from a marriage ratum et non consummatum was formerly the exclusive competence of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments under article 58 §2 of the apostolic constitution Pastor Bonus. However, in 2011, Pope Benedict XVI amended Pastor Bonus with the Motu Proprio Quaerit Semper, thereby transferring jurisdiction over ratified and non-consummated marriage from the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments to a special Office of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota. The new law obrogated the provision stating the 'exclusive competence' of the Congregation for Divine Worship regarding these marriages, for this provision was not expressly abrogated and the Office at the Roman Rota now oversees dispensations from such marriages. Since 1 October 2011 it has been the exclusive competence of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota.

Dispensation vs. Declaration of Nullity

The favor of dispensation from a marriage ratum sed non consumatum is an inherently administrative procedure, while the process for obtaining a Declaration of Nullity (often misleadingly termed "annulment") is an inherently judicial one. In a ratum the valid marriage bond is dispensed from, while in a Declaration of Nullity a marriage is declared to have been null from its beginning. A ratum ends, for a just reason, a marriage that truly is (although never irrevocably and sacramentally "sealed" by consummation) while a Declaration of Nullity juridically declares that a marriage never truly was in the eyes of Catholic theology and matrimonial law.

See also
Josephite marriage

References

Bibliography
Ayrinhac, Very Rev. H.A., S.S.,D.D.,D.C.L., Marriage Legislation in the New Code of Canon Law (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1918).
Caparros, Ernest, Michel Thériault, Jean Thorn, and Hélène Aubé, Code of Canon Law Annotated: Prepared under the Responsibility of the Instituto Martín De Azpilcueta, Montréal: Wilson & Lafleur/Midwest Theological Forum, 2004.
De Smet, Betrothment and Marriage (Bruges: 1912).
Gasparri, Petrus, Tractatus Canonicus de Matrimonio (Paris, 1891).
Petrovits, Rev. Joseph J. C., I.C.D., S.T.D. The New Church Law on Matrimony: Second Amplified and Revised Edition (Philadelphia: John Joseph McVey, 1926).

Catholic matrimonial canon law
Latin legal terminology
Catholic Church legal terminology
Disrupted marriage


title: Jean Girardet

text:
Jean Girardet (1709, Lunéville–28 September 1778, Nancy) was a French portrait and mural painter.

Biography
Before becoming a painter he was, successively, a seminarian, a law student, and a cavalry officer. After settling on art, he enrolled at the Nancy-Université, where he studied under the direction of Claude Charles. He created several large decorative works before leaving in 1738, to join the entourage of the new Duke of Tuscany, Francis II, and travelled with him as far as Florence, where he completed his studies.

He worked for Duchess Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans in Commercy, until her death in 1744. After another stay in Florence, he returned home in 1748, to enter the service of Stanisław Leszczyński, Duke of Lorraine and former King of Poland, as a court painter. His talent for portrait painting earned him the title of "Ordinary Painter to the King of Poland" in 1758. He would create portraits of all the nobility of Lorraine, including several of Leszczyński.

He also excelled in large decorative and religious murals; working at several churches in Lunéville, Chanteheux, Commercy, Verdun and Metz, as well as at Toul Cathedral, where he created a mural dedicated to the Sacred Heart. Many of his smaller works have since disappeared. He also provided decorations for the Nancy City Hall, which was built from 1752 to 1755. These include a large ceiling mural, depicting Leszczyński as Phoebus, the god of light.

In the absence of a local art academy, he took students at his studio and workshops. Eventually, over 140 local artists would study with him.

After the death of Leszczyński in 1766, he was taken into service by the Duke's only surviving daughter, Marie Leszczyńska, the Queen of France. He remained at Versailles for a short time after her death in 1768, then returned to Nancy, where he died, ten years later.

He was interred at . His original tomb was adorned with a stele and a portrait, created by . In 1792, it was destroyed by Federated troops passing through Nancy. In 1801 a group of local artists built a new memorial, with sculptures by . A street has been named after him in Lunéville.

References

Further reading
 Günter Scharwath: Das große Künstlerlexikon der Saar-Region, Geistkirch Verlag, Saarbrücken 2017, pg.313

External links

 "Une personnalité et sa rue : Jean Girardet". In: L’Est Républicain, 22 July 2020

1709 births
1778 deaths
18th-century French painters
French male painters
French portrait painters
People from Lunéville
Nancy-Université alumni
18th-century French male artists


title: David Herro

text:
David Herro is an American businessman and Republican donor.

Personal life and education
Herro grew up in Milwaukee and Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, the son of an accountant and registered nurse. Herro received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Platteville in 1983 and a master's degree in Economics from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee in 1985.

Career
After pursuing a master's degree in economics, Herro took a job starting and managing an international stock fund with Principal Financial Group. After,  three plus years at The Principal Group, Herro took a similar position at The State of Wisconsin Investment Board. In 1992 Herro joined Harris Associates. In 1994, Herro was described as the leader of a group of shareholders who worked to remove Maurice Saatchi, The Chairman of the company, from his position on the Saatchi Board of Directors. In 2006 and in 2016 Herro was named International Fund Manager of the Year by Morningstar  and in 2010, Morningstar named Herro the International Stock Fund Manager of the Decade. Herro founded and serves as co-manager of Oakmark International Fund, The Oakmark International Small Cap Fund and The Oakmark Global Select Fund, all advised by Harris Associates.

Political activities
Herro is a strong believer in free-market capitalism, and in supporting individuals, groups and organizations the work for equal access to quality education for underserved youth as well as policies the expand equal opportunities for all. He has supported free market think tanks and candidates as well as  Republican groups.  Herro is a  backer of the American Unity Fund, which supports the legalization of same-sex marriage.

References

Living people
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Ramona Karlsson

text:
Ramona Karlsson (born 8 January 1981) is a former Swedish racing driver. She has competed in the Production World Rally Championship and FIA World Rallycross Championship. She is also a member of the FIA Women in Motorsport council.

Racing record

Complete PWRC results

Complete FIA World Rallycross Championship results

Supercar

Complete FIA European Rallycross Championship results

Supercar

Complete TitansRX Europe results

See also
 List of female World Rally Championship drivers

References

External links

Living people
Swedish rally drivers
World Rallycross Championship drivers
Swedish female racing drivers
1981 births
European Rallycross Championship drivers
World Rally Championship drivers


title: Cross of Theophanu

text:
The Cross of Theophanu (German: Theophanu-Kreuz) is one of four Ottonian processional crosses in the Essen Cathedral Treasury and is among the most significant pieces of goldwork from that period. It was donated by Theophanu, Abbess of Essen, who reigned from 1039 to 1058.

Description
The basic form is that of a Latin cross with a lump of Egyptian quartz mounted at its centre, 44.5 cm high and 30 cm wide with a cedar core, decorated on both faces and the edges. On the edges there is an inscription, originally worked in gilt silver, but now largely lost, which identifies Theophanu as the Stifter (donor). From the fragments a portion, at least, of the text can be reconstructed: EDITA REGALE GENERE NOBILIS ABBATISSA THEOPHANU HOC SIGNUM DEDIT "Born of a royal family, noble Abbess Theophanu donated this standard".

The ends of the cross are formed by rectangular sections with rounded inner corners. At the centre on the front, there is a large, oval quartz crystal. Behind it there are two pieces of the true cross on red velvet, enclosed as relics. The crystal is located on a round plate decorated with pearls, jewels and filigree work, which extends beyond the crossing and thereby enlarges the centre of the cross. Running along the edges of the cross are two bands made up of alternating enamel plates and gemstones (fastened with filigree). Between them there is a narrow central band of filigree work. At the ends of the cross there are two enamel plates decorated with gemstones, pearls and filigreework on either side of a gemstone. The eighteen enamel plates on the cross can be divided into three groups. The first group depicts stylised plants or animals whose natural models can only be found in the east (there are eight of these). The six plates on the stem and branches of the cross have a plaited pattern. The four enamels in the third group feature an interplay of the cloisonne and champleve methods, forming a fisch scale pattern.

The back of the cross is covered by a gilt-copper plate, engraved with a bust of Christ Pantocrator in the centre and symbols of the Four evangelists at the ends.

History
According to the fragmentary inscription, Theophanu was the donor of the cross. It was probably intended to be a counterpart to the Senkschmelz cross donated by her predecessor Mathilde. An exact date for the donation of the cross is not possible, but it might be connected with the consecration of the Minster's crypt in 1051 or the High altar in 1054.

At least eight but possibly up to fourteen of the eighteen enamel tablets are of Byzantine origin; The four tablets of the third group have been shown to have been made in the Empire. The enamel work seems ultimately to have been derived from older pieces, which were made available for the creation of the cross from a treasure fund in the possession of the donor - in a similar way to the gems. The Byzantine components of the Theophanu cross are probably derived from the possessions inherited by the Ezzonids from the Ottonian dynasty.

See also
 Cross of Mathilde
 Cross of Otto and Mathilde
 Senkschmelz Cross

Bibliography
 Georg Humann. Die Kunstwerke der Münsterkirche zu Essen. Düsseldorf 1904.
 . Die Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert (= Kunstgeschichte. Bd. 42). Lit Verlag, Münster/ Hamburg 1993,  (= Diss. Bonn 1993).
 Alfred Pothmann. "Der Essener Kirchenschatz aus der Frühzeit der Stiftsgeschichte." In Herrschaft, Bildung und Gebet – Gründung und Anfänge des Frauenstifts Essen. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2000, .
 Klaus Gereon Beuckers, Ulrich Knapp. Farbiges Gold – Die ottonischen Kreuze in der Domschatzkammer Essen und ihre Emails. Domschatzkammer Essen 2006, .

Notes

11th-century sculptures
Crux gemmata
Ottonian sculptures
Essen Minster


title: Franco Ossola

text:
Franco Ossola (23 August 1921 – 4 May 1949) was an Italian footballer who played as a forward.

With 85 goals, Ossola is the ninth highest scorer in the history of Torino behind Adolfo Baloncieri (100). He died on 4 May 1949 in the Superga air disaster when the Fiat G.212 which carried the celebrated Grande Torino team crashed into the retaining wall of the Basilica di Superga. The Stadio Franco Ossola in Varese is named after him.

His half-brother was Aldo Ossola, basketball player of the Ignis Varese in the 1970s.

Club career

Varese
Noticed as a young boy by the coach of Varese, Antonio Janni, he played for the senior team in Serie C. Initially, Janni did not allow him to play as he intended to sell him to Serie A club Torino, but was forced to send him on the pitch because of a starting player's injury. Janni contacted Ferruccio Novo, the president of Torino, who bought him for 55,000 lire.

Torino
At Torino he arrived at the age of 18 in 1939 and debuted in Serie A on 4 February 1940. Early in his career at Torino he suffered from the presence of Pietro Ferraris, who occupied the left wing. He eventually became a starter with the number 11 jersey, and played 181 games and scored 85 goals in Serie A, the 1944 Campionato Alta Italia and the National Division.

He was buried at the Cimitero Monumentale in Turin.

Career statistics

Club

Honours

Club
Torino
Serie A (5): 1942–43, 1945–46, 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49
Coppa Italia (1): 1942–43

Trivia
Franco Ossola was played by Gualtiero Burzi in the television miniseries The Grande Torino.

External links
 Dario Marchetti (eds.), Franco Ossola in Enciclopediadelcalcio.it, 2011.

1921 births
1949 deaths
Men's association football wingers
Footballers killed in the Superga air disaster
Italian men's footballers
Serie A players
Serie C players
SSD Varese Calcio players
Torino FC players
Footballers from Varese


title: Marie-Anne Fragonard

text:
Marie-Anne Fragonard, née Gérard, (1745–1823) was a French painter of portrait miniatures.

Known for being the wife of the painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard since 1769, she also painted miniatures, which, after having long been attributed to her husband, were returned to her name by the historian Pierre Rosenberg. She painted in a free and easy style, which was close to the style of Jean-Honoré.

See also
 Marguerite Gérard (sister)

References

 Fragonard Besançon Pierre Rosenberg, Claudine Lebrun and Claire Stoullig, Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Besancon, 2006 ed. 5 continents, 2006 ( and 9788874393633).

1745 births
1823 deaths
18th-century French painters
19th-century French painters
18th-century French women artists
19th-century French women artists
French portrait painters
Portrait miniaturists
People from Grasse
French women painters


title: Roseivivax halodurans

text:
Roseivivax halodurans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is aerobic and bacteriochlorophyll-containing, first isolated from the charophytes on the stromatolites of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. It is chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and with subpolar flagella. Its type strain is OCh 239T (= JCM 10272T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Roseivivax halodurans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Rhodobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 1999


title: Roseivivax halotolerans

text:
Roseivivax halotolerans is a species of bacteria. It is aerobic and bacteriochlorophyll-containing, first isolated from the epiphytes on the stromatolites of a saline lake located on the west coast of Australia. It is chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and with subpolar flagella. Its type strain is OCh 210T (= JCM 10271T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Roseivivax halotolerans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Rhodobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 1999


title: Nocardioides aquaticus

text:
Nocardioides aquaticus is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic bacteria.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Nocardioides aquaticus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

aquaticus
Bacteria described in 2000


title: Microlunatus lacustris

text:
Microlunatus lacustris is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacteria.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Friedmanniella lacustris at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Propionibacteriales
Bacteria described in 2000


title: Lentilactobacillus parakefiri

text:
Lentilactobacillus parakefiri is a species in the genus Lentilactobacillus first isolated from kefir grains, hence its name. Its type strain is GCL 1731 (= JCM 8573).

References

Further reading
Ljungh, Åsa, and Torkel Wadström, eds. Lactobacillus molecular biology: from genomics to probiotics. Horizon Scientific Press, 2009.

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Lactobacillus parakefiri at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Lactobacillaceae
Bacteria described in 1994


title: Nocardiopsis exhalans

text:
Nocardiopsis exhalans is a species of bacteria. It produces methanol-soluble toxins that paralyse the motility of boar spermatozoa. Its type strain is ES10.1T.

References

Further reading
Whitman, William B., et al., eds. Bergey's manual® of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5. Springer, 2012.

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Nocardiopsis exhalans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Actinomycetota
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Madushan Dam

text:
The Madushan Dam is a gravity dam on the Honghe (Red) River in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province.

The name of the dam comes from the nearby village of Madushan, located on the left bank of the river upstream from the dam.  Madushan village is administratively under Manhao Town (which itself located a few kilometers downstream of the dam) of Gejiu City of Honghe Prefecture; the opposite, right bank of the river is in Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County of the same Honghe Prefecture.

The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it supports a 300 MW power station. Construction on the dam began in 2007 and its generators were commissioned in 2011.

See also

List of dams and reservoirs in China
List of tallest dams in China

References

Dams in China
Gravity dams
Dams completed in 2011
Energy infrastructure completed in 2011
Buildings and structures in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Hydroelectric power stations in Yunnan
2011 establishments in China


title: Nocardiopsis umidischolae

text:
Nocardiopsis umidischolae is a species of bacteria. It produces methanol-soluble toxins that paralyse the motility of boar spermatozoa. Its type strain is 66/93T.

References

Further reading
Whitman, William B., et al., eds. Bergey's manual® of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 5. Springer, 2012.

Sobolevskaya, M. P., et al. "Fatty-acid compositions of marine isolates of the actinobacteria Nocardiopsis umidischolae KMM 7036 and Streptomyces sp. KMM 7210." Chemistry of Natural Compounds (2012): 1–2.

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Nocardiopsis umidischolae at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Actinomycetota
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Methanobrevibacter oralis

text:
Methanobrevibacter oralis is a species of coccobacillary, non-motile, Gram-positive, methane-producing archaeon.

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Methanobrevibacter oralis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Euryarchaeota
Archaea described in 1995


title: 1979–80 NK Hajduk Split season

text:
The 1979–80 season was the 65th season in Hajduk Split's history and their 34th season in the Yugoslav First League. Their 1st-place finish in the 1978–79 season meant it was their 34th successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League.

Competitions

Overall

Yugoslav First League

Classification

Results summary

Results by round

Matches

First League

Source: hajduk.hr

Yugoslav Cup

Sources: hajduk.hr

European Cup

Source: hajduk.hr

Player seasonal records

Top scorers

Source: Competitive matches

See also
 1979–80 Yugoslav First League
 1979–80 Yugoslav Cup

Notes
1. On 4 May, the match was abandoned in 41st minute, due to the death of Josip Broz Tito. Therefore, the match was voided and was replayed on 21 May.

References

External sources
 1979–80 Yugoslav First League at rsssf.com
 1979–80 Yugoslav Cup at rsssf.com
 1979–80 European Cup at rsssf.com

HNK Hajduk Split seasons
Hajduk Split


title: Ureibacillus terrenus

text:
Ureibacillus terrenus is a species of bacteria with type species TH9AT (= DSM 12654T = LMG 19470T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Ureibacillus terrenus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacillales
Bacteria described in 2001


title: Marinitoga piezophila

text:
Marinitoga piezophila is a species of rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacteria. It is, anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic, sulfur-reducing, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 micrometres and stains Gram-negative. The type strain is KA3T (= DSM 14283T = JCM 11233T).

Origin
A thermophilic, anaerobic, piezophilic, chemo-organotrophic sulfur-reducing bacterium, designated as KA3T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney sample collected at a depth of 2630 m on the East-Pacific Rise (13degree N).

Optimal Growth Conditions
When grown under elevated hydrostatic pressure, the cells are rod-shaped with a sheath-like outer structure, motile, have a mean length of 1-1.5 mum and stain Gram-negative. They appear singly or in short chains. When grown at lower, or atmospheric, pressures, the cells elongate and become twisted. Growth is enhanced by hydrostatic pressure; the optimal pressure for growth is 40 MPa (26 MPa pressure at sampling site). The temperature range for growth is 45-70 degreeC, the optimum being around 65 degreeC (doubling time is approximately 20 min at 40 MPa). Growth is observed from pH 5 to pH 8, the optimum being at pH 6. The salinity range for growth is 10-50 g NaCl l-1, the optimum being at 30 g l-1

Ecology
The isolate is able to grow on a broad spectrum of carbohydrates or complex proteinaceous substrates, and growth is stimulated by L-cystine and elemental sulfur. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 29±1 mol%. According to phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene, the strain is placed within the order Thermotogales, in the bacterial domain. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons and morphological, physiological and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate be described as a novel species of the genus Marinitoga, with Marinitoga piezophila sp. nov. as the type species

References

Further reading

Sébert, Philippe, ed. Comparative high pressure biology. CRC Press, 2010.

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Marinitoga piezophila at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Thermozoa
Thermotogota
Bacteria described in 2002


title: Deinococcus indicus

text:
Deinococcus indicus is a species of arsenic-resistant bacterium. It is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating and red-pigmented, with type strain Wt/1aT (=MTCC 4913T =DSM 15307T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Type strain of Deinococcus indicus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Deinococcales
Bacteria described in 2004


title: Savaale Samaali

text:
Savaale Samaali () is a 2015 Indian Tamil language comedy drama film written and directed by Sathyasiva. The film stars Ashok Selvan and Bindu Madhavi while Nassar, Jagan, and Karunas play supporting roles. Produced by actor C. Arunpandian, the film features music composed by S. Thaman. The film began production in June 2014 under the working title Kekae Bokae and released on 4 September 2015.

Plot
Karthik  gets a job at a TV channel called Top TV, but no one watches it. He is also attracted towards his sister Pooja's friend Divya and tries to impress her with the help of his work colleague Billa, but she does not reciprocate his love. Meanwhile, the debt-ridden channel’s boss Karunakaran tries to commits suicide and requests Karthik and Billa to find a way to get the channel to the top position and increase their overall TRP. The duo hits upon the idea of uniting lovers facing parental opposition through a reality show, but they fake the whole thing with Koothu actors. Meanwhile, Divya asks Karthik to help unite a real couple whose fathers are powerful politicians, and how they succeed in uniting the couple forms the remainder of the plot.

Cast

Production
The collaboration was announced in May 2014, when Arun Pandian chose to finance a venture to be directed by Sathyasiva featuring Ashok Selvan and Bindu Madhavi. Production on the film began in June 2014, with Ashok Selvan announcing that he rejected over 40 scripts post the success of Thegidi (2014), before selecting Sathyasiva's film.

Music
The film features five tracks composed by S. Thaman and lyrics written by Snehan.

References

External links

2015 films
Indian comedy-drama films
2010s Tamil-language films
Films scored by Thaman S
Films directed by Sathyasiva
2015 comedy-drama films


title: SS Rebecca Lukens

text:
SS Rebecca Lukens was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Rebecca Lukens, the owner and manager of the iron and steel mill which became the Lukens Steel Company of Coatesville, Pennsylvania.

She was converted in 1944 at Point Clear, Alabama into an Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating) and transferred to the Army Transport Service (ATS), after which she was renamed Major General Herbert A. Dargue, for  Herbert Dargue, a pioneering military aviator in the United States Army.

Construction
Rebecca Lukens was laid down on 7 January 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1551, by J.A. Jones Construction, Panama City, Florida; she was launched on 4 March 1944.

History
She was allocated to the Army Transport Service on 10 April 1944. She was converted at Point Clear, Alabama into an Aircraft Repair Unit (Floating) (ARU(F)) and designated USAAFS Rebecca Lukens (ARU(F)-2). The conversion added the shops to the Liberty ship, including machine, sheet metal, radiator, tank, wood, pattern, blue print, electrical, fabric and dope, paint, air-conditioned instrument and camera, radio, battery, propeller, tires and fuel cells, armament and turrets, plating, oxygen plant, radar, carburetor, and turbo-super-charger. Two LCVPs and two DUKWs were added for ship to shore transportation along with three or four Sikorsky R-4s helicopters.

The crew was given two weeks training in seamanship at the Grand Hotel in Point Clear, Alabama, on Mobile Bay. Classes included; swimming, elementary seamanship, life saving equipment, and advanced seamanship.

On 1 October 1944, Rebecca Lukens sailed from Brookley Field for the Pacific, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel William McCraw, USAAF. She first visited Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to meet up with a convoy for Eniwetok.

On 19 November 1944, Rebecca Lukens arrived off Saipan, and began her mission of repairing the B-29s that were beginning their bombing missions of mainland Japan. Because the roads had not been finished yet her helicopters carried the parts to and from the ship to the air base. Rebecca Lukens was the sole supplier of breathing oxygen for the high altitude B-29s, she was averaging 100 cylinders of compressed breathable oxygen a day. On 6 December, her gunners shot down a Japanese Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" bomber.

Rebecca Lukens set sail for Iwo Jima, on 16 April 1945. At the end of April Rebecca Lukens was renamed Major General Herbert A. Dargue. On 22 May 1945, she shot down another "Betty" with assistance from on shore anti-aircraft batteries.

Between November 1944 and 1 September 1945, Major General Herbert A. Dargue supplied B-29s and P-51s with over 38,000 parts and units, ranging from spark plugs to the central fire controls for the B-29.

On 2 March 1946, she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, in the James River Group, in Lee Hall, Virginia. On 3 September 1970, she was sold for $41,330 to Horton Industry, Inc., for scrapping. She was removed from the fleet on 21 September 1970.

References

Bibliography

External links
 Liberty Ships

Liberty ships
Ships built in Panama City, Florida
1944 ships
James River Reserve Fleet


title: Brandon Smith (politician)

text:
Brandon D. Smith (born June 14, 1967) is an American businessman from Hazard, Kentucky who serves in the Commonwealth of Kentucky Senate. He is a Republican.

Background
Born in Hazard, Smith is a 1991 graduate of the University of Kentucky with a B.A. in political science. He is the owner of Mohawk Energy, a small mining company based in Lexington; the company is unrelated to the Texas fracking supply corporation by the same name. He is a Presbyterian and a Freemason. Smith and his wife Laurel have five children.

Public office
Smith served on the city commission of Hazard from 1993 to 1998. He was elected to District 84 of the Commonwealth of Kentucky House of Representatives in 2000, unseating Democratic incumbent Scott Alexander from Hazard Kentucky. and served there until February 5, 2008, when he was elected in a special election to the 30th district (Bell, Breathitt, Johnson, Leslie, Magoffin and Perry counties) of the Commonwealth Senate, to replace Daniel Mongiardo, newly elected as Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky (and himself a Hazard native and resident). Smith was re-elected in 2010, and is the Republican nominee for his seat in the 2014 legislative election.

Climate change and Mars
In 2014, Smith attracted local and eventually national news media attention when he stated during a legislative committee hearing:
As you [Energy and Environment Cabinet official] sit there in your chair with your data, we sit up here in ours with our data and our constituents and stuff behind us. I don't want to get into the debate about climate change, but I will simply point out that I think in academia we all agree that the temperature on Mars is exactly as it is here. Nobody will dispute that. Yet there are no coal mines on Mars. There are no factories on Mars that I'm aware of. Despite Smith's assertion, the average temperature of Mars is colder than that of Earth by 138 degrees Fahrenheit.  At the time of the senator's remarks, the Curiosity rover had last reported a high of , low .  The temperature in the capital city of Frankfort, Kentucky ranged from  to .

Smith later issued a response from his Twitter account that clarified his statement: "climate shift we see on earth comparable to those occurring on other planets in our solar system".

Trouble with law
On January 6, 2015, just after 9:00 pm, Smith was arrested on Leestown Road in Frankfort. Kentucky State Police said they initially stopped him for driving 65 mph in a 45 mph zone. The trooper reported that he immediately smelled alcohol on Smith's breath when he approached the car. Smith scored a 0.088 on a breath test. A person at a 0.08 and above is considered drunk.

Smith's lawyer requested that the charges be missed based on an 1891 addition to the state constitution:The members of the General Assembly shall, in all cases except treason, felony, breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance on the sessions of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place...

Smith's arrest occurred on the first day of the legislative session.  The judge has agreed to consider the motion and delayed the case.

A jury later found Smith not guilty of DUI but guilty on speeding charge. He was fined $40 plus court fees for going 20 miles per hour over the speed limit.

References

External links
 Senate District 30: Senator Brandon Smith (R)  at Kentucky Legislature
 Brandon Smith at Project Vote Smart
 Brandon Smith at Ballotpedia

1967 births
American Presbyterians
American Freemasons
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Republican Party Kentucky state senators
Living people
Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
People from Hazard, Kentucky
University of Kentucky alumni
21st-century American politicians


title: Halomonas anticariensis

text:
Halomonas anticariensis is a bacterium. It is strictly aerobic and because of its production of exopolysaccharides forms cream-coloured, mucoid colonies. FP35T (=LMG 22089T =CECT 5854T) is the type strain. Its genome has been sequenced.

References

Further reading
Tahrioui, Ali. Mecanismos de comunicación intercelular en Halomonas anticariensis. Universidad de Granada, 2013.

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Halomonas anticariensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Oceanospirillales
Bacteria described in 2004


title: Lentibacillus salicampi

text:
Lentibacillus salicampi is a moderately halophilic bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is Gram-variable, aerobic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped, with type strain SF-20(T) (= KCCM 41560(T) = JCM 11462(T)).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN
Type strain of Lentibacillus salicampi at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Bacillaceae
Bacteria described in 2002
Halophiles


title: Lentibacillus juripiscarius

text:
Lentibacillus juripiscarius is an aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacteria, with type strain IS40-3T (=JCM 12147T =PCU 229T =TISTR 1535T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN

Bacillaceae
Bacteria described in 2005


title: Pedobacter cryoconitis

text:
Pedobacter cryoconitis is a species of bacteria. It is facultatively psychrophilic, Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped strain, having been first isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite. It is also non-flagellated and non-spore-forming, with type strain A37T (=DSM 14825T =LMG 21415T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
ScienceDaily article
Type strain of Pedobacter cryoconitis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Sphingobacteriia
Bacteria described in 2003


title: Polemannia

text:
Polemannia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

It is native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces, the Free State and KwaZulu-Natal) and Lesotho.

The genus name of Polemannia is in honour of Peter Heinrich Polemann (1779 – 1839), a German chemist and apothecary who supported plant collectors in Schleswig-Holstein, who went to Cape Town, South Africa. It was first described and published in Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. on page 347 in 1837.

Known species
According to Kew:
Polemannia grossulariifolia
Polemannia montana
Polemannia simplicior

References

Apioideae
Flora of Southern Africa
Apioideae genera


title: Thalassolituus oleivorans

text:
Thalassolituus oleivorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is an aerobic, heterotrophic, Gram-negative, curved bacteria that metabolises aliphatic hydrocarbons, their oxidized derivatives and acetate, with type strain MIL-1T (=DSM 14913T =LMG 21420T).

References

Further reading

External links
LPSN
ScientificAmerican article
Type strain of Thalassolituus oleivorans at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Oceanospirillales
Bacteria described in 2004


title: Streptococcus cristatus

text:
Streptococcus cristatus is a species of viridans Streptococcus with tufted fibrils, first isolated from the human oral cavity and throat. The type strain is strain CR311 (= NCTC 12479).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Streptococcus cristatus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae


title: Streptococcus orisratti

text:
Streptococcus orisratti is a species of oral Streptococcus bacteria first isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats, hence its name. Its type strain is A63T (=ATCC 700640T).

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Streptococcus orisratti at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Streptococcaceae
Bacteria described in 2000


title: Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens

text:
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is a species of slime-forming, homofermentative, rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria first isolated from kefir grains, hence its name. Its type strain is WT-2B (ATCC 43761). Its genome has been sequenced. Lactobaccillus kefiranofaciens (L. kefiranofaciens) was first identified in 1967 in Russia through studying kefir granules. Lactobaccillus kefiranofaciens is part of the lactobacillus genus and firmicutes phylum of bacteria. These bacterium metabolize carbohydrates and produce lactic acid, which can be useful in fermentation. Two subspecies have been identified as kefirgranum and kefiranofaciens, which share properties such as being gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped. L. kefiranofaciens is the subspecies related to kefir granules. Studies have investigated the origins and causes for variation in kefir composition and led to conflicting results. Some studies indicate the presence of L. kefiranofaciens was due to geographical location, while others indicate it was due to the different milks used.

Contribution to Kefir and Other Fermented Products
L. kefiranofaciens produces kefiran, an extracellular polysaccharide that helps in creating a biofilm, or kefir granule. When combined with milk, kefir granules help produce the drink kefir. Kefir is a probiotic drink containing lactic and acetic acid bacteria as well as yeasts and is commonly known to help with intestinal health. Due to its diverse microbial composition, evidence indicates kefir could have numerous additional health benefits including regulating blood lipid levels and high blood pressure along with antimicrobial properties. L. kefiranofaciens is often included in starters for food/drink fermentation. There is no evidence of pathogenicity nor toxicity from kefir, leading to L. kefiranofaciens being widely regarded as a safe for ingestion and assisting in fermentation.

Possible Future Applications
Evidence from a mice study indicates that through the gut microbiome’s relationship to brain function, L. kefiranofaciens consumption could help improve symptoms related to depression. Continued research on Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens could lead to new approaches on depression treatment.

References

Further reading

External links

LPSN
Type strain of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Lactobacillaceae
Bacteria described in 1988


title: Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994

text:
The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 (GFSA) was part of the Improving America's Schools Act of 1994 (IASA). The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 also amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.

In 1994, Congress introduced the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, which encouraged each state receiving federal funds for education to follow suit and introduce their own laws, now known as zero tolerance laws.   President Bill Clinton signed the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 into law on March 31, 1994. The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 requires each state receiving federal funds to have a state law in effect requiring local educational agencies to expel, for at least one year, any student who is determined to have brought a weapon to school. The one-year expulsion is mandatory, except when a chief administering officer of such local education agency may modify it on a case-by-case basis. In addition, schools are directed to develop policies requiring referral to the criminal justice or juvenile delinquency system for any student who brings a firearm or weapon to school.

Criticisms

The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 and the state laws passed in pursuance thereof "zero tolerance" laws, must afford the maximum amount of procedural due process to the student who are expelled for bringing a weapon to school. The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 makes no mention or provision for procedural due process, except to make a provision for adherence to the Individual with Disabilities Education Act. States lack uniformity in the procedural process prior to the one-year expulsion. Some states, such as West Virginia, offer formal procedural due process procedures, while others, such as Utah, offer limited procedural due process. Procedural due process further requires that orderly and legally defensible procedural steps be employed in depriving students. The U.S. Supreme Court determined in Goss v. Lopez that students facing suspensions of up to 10 days or less were entitled to oral or written notice of charges, an explanation of evidence to be used against them and an opportunity to present their side of the issue. Another concern expressed was that it would fail to reach private  schools that do not receive federal support and would therefore fail to achieve its goal.

Comparison
These laws have the potential of imposing strict and harsh punishment upon school children that are not dangerous and will only suffer detrimental results from a full year expulsion. In addition, these laws do not prevent school violence. The shield for students offered by the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 stops the moment the line between school property and public property is crossed. And in fact, there is no "shield" offered by the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, as the Act does nothing to prevent a student or person who is committed to perpetuating a violent attack from bringing a weapon to a school with which to commit said violent attack.  The act is not preventive but merely punitive. To violate the act, the weapon must be brought on to the schools grounds.

See also
Gun law in the United States
Gun politics in the United States

References
 Subpart 3 — Gun Possession at the U.S. Department of Education website

External links
 20 U.S. Code § 7961 - Gun-free requirements at Legal Information Institute website

1994 in education
103rd United States Congress
United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes
United States federal criminal legislation
United States federal education legislation
United States federal firearms legislation


title: Panau adusta

text:
Panau adusta is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found in Vietnam, Malaysia and on Sumatra, Java and Borneo.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau brunnescens

text:
Panau brunnescens is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found on the Banggaai Archipelago near Sulawesi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau eichhorni

text:
Panau eichhorni is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found on the Solomon Islands.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau princeps

text:
Panau princeps is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found on Sulawesi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau quarlesi

text:
Panau quarlesi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland rain forests.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau stenoptera

text:
Panau stenoptera is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found in Vietnam and Malaysia and on Sumatra, Java and the Andaman Islands.

Subspecies
Panau stenoptera stenoptera
Panau stenoptera sumatrana (Roepke, 1957) (Sumatra, Vietnam)

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957


title: Panau variegata

text:
Panau variegata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Roepke in 1957. It is found on Sulawesi and in New Guinea.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Zeuzerinae
Moths described in 1957