title: List of schools and libraries in Cumberland, Maryland

text:
A list of schools and libraries in Cumberland, Maryland:

Schools

Area colleges and universities
All of those listed are within a short drive from Cumberland, though only one is located in Cumberland itself.
 Allegany College of Maryland (Cumberland and Bedford & Somerset, Pennsylvania)
 Robert C. Byrd Institute (Rocket Center, West Virginia)
 Frostburg State University (Frostburg, Maryland)
 Potomac State College of West Virginia University (Keyser, West Virginia)
 Garrett College  (McHenry, Maryland)

Libraries
Approximately 39,000 people hold library cards in Allegany County ("Most citizens give libraries high grades", Cumberland Times News, October 10, 2006).  Regional Libraries include:
 Washington Street Library
 Frostburg Public Library
 Lavale Public Library
 South Cumberland Public Library, Allegany County
 Westernport Public Library, Allegany County
 Lewis J. Ort Library (Frostburg State University)
 Allegany College Library
 Western Maryland Public Library System

Cumberland, Maryland
Cumberland


title: Navès, Lleida

text:
Navès is a municipality of the comarca of the Solsonès in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.

References

External links
Official website
 Government data pages

Municipalities in Solsonès
Populated places in Solsonès


title: Aminobacter niigataensis

text:
Aminobacter niigataensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from soil.

References

External links
Type strain of Aminobacter niigataensis at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Phyllobacteriaceae
Bacteria described in 1992


title: 1963–64 Israel State Cup

text:
The 1963–64 Israel State Cup (, Gvia HaMedina) was the 25th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 10th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

For this edition, which began on 21 September 1963, the IFA experimented with the competition's format, holding just one preliminary round, before entering all the teams, including Liga Leumit and Liga Alef teams into the competition in the second round. This move brought high scoring results in matches in which top tier teams met lower tier opponents, including a record 20–0 result in the match between Hapoel Ramat Gan and Liga Gimel team Beitar Ein Karem.

The final, between Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Haifa, took two replays to be settled, the first two matches ending with a 1–1 draw. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the third match 2–1 to win its 11th cup. International edición vs Argentine Clubs.

Results

First round
(Selected results)

The 98 first round matches were played on 21 September 1963. However, for 50 matches a walkover win was given as teams failed to show up or failed to invite a referee for the match.

Second round
In addition to the 49 match winners from the first round, all the other league teams, including Liga Leumit and Liga Alef teams entered the competition.

The matches were played on 5 October 1963.

Third round
Most of the matches were played on 4 and 5 February 1964. However, due to weather conditions, some of the matches were played later during February 1964.
Two ties took even longer to be settled. Maccabi Jaffa were beaten at home by Hapoel Ashkelon 3–4 (after leading 3–1 at the 85th minute and conceding three goals at the final five minutes), and appealed the result due to Hapoel Ashkelon fielding an ineligible player. Eventually the IFA ordered a replay, played on 17 June 1964, in which Maccabi Jaffa lost once again.
A similar appeal in the tie between Hapoel Netanya and Hapoel Haifa, eventually won 2–0 by the former, resulted at first in a walkover win for Hapoel Haifa, and later in a replay, played on 5 September 1964, in which Hapoel Haifa won 6–1.

Fourth round
Following the third round, an intermediate round had to be played in order to bring the number of contestants to 32. 14 of the third round winners were drawn to play, while the other teams received a bye to the fifth round. Matches in this round were all played on 18 February 1964.

Fifth round

Replay

Sixth round

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

Replay

Second Replay

Notes

References
 100 Years of Football 1906-2006, Elisha Shohat (Israel), 2006

External links
 Israel Football Association website

Israel State Cup
State Cup
State Cup
Israel State Cup seasons


title: Barauli, Ballia

text:
Barauli (Barooli) is a village on the Ghosi–Nagra Road in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 4 km west from Kiriharapur railway station.

The ex-prime minister Shree Chandrashekhar Singh's village is 2.5 km away. The Gram Pradhans of this village are Shree Chandrauday Singh Urf Mantu Singh and P.S Akash Singh Baghel (Golu). The village provided many activists in India's Freedom Struggle.

Events

Many devotees come for the Ram Leela played in the Hindi month of Ashwin.

On the occasion of Mahashivratri, Kalash yatra and Baraat of Lord Shiva is organized.

Population

The population is 4231 and there are 578 houses. In 1974, females accounted for 46.7% of the population. The literacy rate is 65.9% (2790 people) and the female literacy rate is 27.2% (1149). The Scheduled Tribes' population is 2.1% (89) and the Scheduled Castes' population is 32.5% (1376). 44.3% of the residents are working. Children (0-6) will total 558 by 2011 and girls (0-6), 44.1% (246) by 2011.

Villages in Ballia district


title: Thriller (EP)

text:
Thriller is the third EP released by South Korean boy band, BTOB. It was released on September 9, 2013, consisting a total of 6 tracks with Thriller as title track and the promotional single of the album.

Background
On August 23, 2013, Cube Entertainment released concept pictures for "When I Was Your Man", a pre-release track from the album before the official release with a special music video for the song released a few days later. On September 4, 2013, BTOB uploaded the music video of Thriller on their official YouTube channel and on the same day they performed Thriller and When I Was Your Man on MBC's Show Champion prior to the release date of the EP.

Composition
The EP features a total of 6 tracks with 5 tracks co-written by the members of BTOB themselves and the third track of the EP titled 왜이래 (Why) was composed and co-written by label mate Beast's Lee Gi-kwang.

The EP opens with the first track When I Was Your Man, a classy and soft, laid back track. The song is about a man looking back at a past relationship, and reflecting how different he is now. The second track of the album, Thriller, a dynamic song with a story of a fallen knight coming back to life to finish their mission of saving their princess. It is a song that focuses on that rush they get as they rise from the grave. The third track Why is an R&B influenced track that tells the story of a man who has realized that his lover has no feelings left for him. The fourth track Catch Me is a song that is focused on the feelings one experiences that moment he falls in love. The fifth track Like a Crystal, is a song largely accompanied by an acoustic guitar and the last track Star is a ballad song that samples the bars of the famous nursery rhyme, “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star".

Track listing
※ Track in bold is the title track in the album.

Charts

Release history

 Release date for worldwide may vary in different countries

References

External links

Cube Entertainment EPs
Dance-pop EPs
2013 EPs
BtoB (band) EPs
Korean-language EPs


title: Harsh Vashisht

text:
Harsh Vashisht is an Indian film and television actor.

Career
Vashisht was seen in Prem Ya Paheli - Chandrakanta with Triangle Films, Tantra on Colors TV with Swastik Productions, Jolly in Kavach... Mahashivratri on Colors TV with Balaji Telefilms (his 1st show with Balaji) & Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera as Kartar Singh on Star Plus. He worked in Sadda Haq as Harshvardhan Shekhawat on Channel V India. He played the role of Amrit Singh in Doli Armano Ki. He was last seen in Ishq Mein Marjawan as the protagonist Aarohi's Elder Brother, Aniket Kashyap on Colors TV. He was also the face of Pepsodent Toothpaste as the Dentist for 4 years. He was last seen in Aladdin - Naam Toh Suna Hoga as Sultan Firoz, king of Turkmenistan on Sab TV.

Personal life
Harsh's father is veteran character actor Murari Lal Vasishtha, who is also known as Brahmachari. His brother is also an actor Puneet Vashisht.

Vashisht is married to actress Ritu Vashisht.

Filmography

Television

References

External links

Living people
Indian male film actors
Indian male soap opera actors
Indian male television actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
1976 births


title: Dave Burland

text:
Dave Burland (born 12 July 1941, Barnsley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England) is an English folk singer and guitarist. A former policeman, he has been performing in English folk clubs since 1968 and has been described by The Guardian as having a "uniquely relaxed singing style".

In 1976 Burland joined the folk group Hedgehog Pie, which disbanded in 1978. He re-formed the group in 2010, with Mick Doonan and Jed Grimes.

He provided additional vocals on the track "Wild Goose" on Kate Rusby's award-winning 1999 album Sleepless.

Discography

Solo albums
A Dalesman's Litany (LP), Leader Records (LER 2029), 1971; reissued as CD (LERCD2029), 1999
Dave Burland (LP), Trailer Records (LER 2082), 1972
Songs & Buttered Haycocks (LP), Rubber Records (RUB 012), 1975
You Can't Fool The Fat Man (LP), Rubber Records (RUB 036), 1979
Rollin''' (LP), Moonraker Music (MOO 6), 1980s (date unknown) 	Willin' (LP), Black Crow Records (CRO 223), 1989 	His Master's Choice – The Songs Of Richard Thompson (CD), The Road Goes On Forever (RGFCD 009), 1994 	Benchmark (CD), Fat Cat Records (FATCD004), 1996

With Tony Capstick and Dick GaughanSongs Of Ewan MacColl (LP), Rubber Records (RUB 027), 1978Songs Of Ewan MacColl (LP), Black Crow Records (CRO 215), 1978

With Hedgehog PieJust Act Normal (LP), Rubber Records (RUB 024), 1978Hedgehog Pie Live! (CD), Blue Guitar (BGCD023), 2003
 .  Okkard.  Fat cat (CD) The Awkward Squad, Dave Burland, Dave Fisher, Bryan Ledgard.

On compilation albums
 "William Taylor" on Voices – English Traditional Songs (CD), Fellside Recordings (ECD87), 1992
 "The Shape of A Girl" on Street Cries – A Collection Of Dark Traditional Songs Re-Set In The Present Day By Ashley Hutchings'' (CD), Topic Records (TSCD535), 2001

References

English folk singers
English folk guitarists
English male guitarists
People educated at Holgate School, Barnsley
Musicians from Barnsley
1941 births
Living people


title: Morocco at the FIFA World Cup

text:
The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II.

The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently takes place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final.

Morocco have qualified for the final stages of the FIFA World Cup on six occasions, which were in 1970, 1986, 1994, 1998, 2018 and 2022. Their best performance was in 2022 when they finished in fourth place, thus becoming both the first African and Arab nation to reach a semi-final at a World Cup.

Overall record

By match

Squads

Record players

Most matches played

Top goalscorers

Most tournament appearances
Altogether thirteen players share the record of two participations.

Historical performances
The Morocco team had many records and facts which had done during its participations in the world cup.

1970: First African country to draw a match at the World Cup Finals, with 1–1 draw with Bulgaria.
 1986: First African and Arab team to reach round of 16.
 1986: First African and Arab team to top the group stage.
 1998: Youssef Chippo of Morocco. first African to score an own goal at the World Cup, in the 2–2 draw against Norway on 10 June 1998.
 2018: Sofyan Amrabat of Morocco, who came on as a substitute for his brother Nordin Amrabat in the 76th minute in the group match against Iran, is the first player in World Cup history to come in for his brother.
 2022: First African team to reach 7 points at the group stage.
 2022: First Arab nation to advance to the quarter-finals by defeating Spain 3–0 in a penalty shoot-out.
2022: Morocco becomes first African and first Arab nation to reach semi-finals following a 1–0 victory over Portugal.
2022: Walid Regragui of Morocco, first African and Arab manager to reach the quarter-finals and the semi-finals.
2022: First African team to play 7 matches in one edition.
2022: First African team to achieve fourth place in the tournament.

See also
African nations at the FIFA World Cup
Morocco at the Africa Cup of Nations

References

External links
Morocco at FIFA

Countries at the FIFA World Cup
World Cup


title: Western Dedicated Freight Corridor

text:
The Western Dedicated Freight Corridor or Western DFC is a 1,506 km long, under-construction  freight corridor in India. It will connect Dadri in Uttar Pradesh (near Delhi) with Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Navi Mumbai, Raigad District, Maharashtra. The corridor is being built by the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL), a public-sector unit (PSU) under the Ministry of Railways and would be electrified with double-line operation. The Western DFC entails a new single-line branch from Prithla in Palwal district to Tughlakabad in Delhi, running parallel to the existing New Delhi–Faridabad–Palwal railway line.

The Western DFC is exclusively for transporting freight at higher speeds with increased load carrying capacity. The main freight commodities include fertilizers, food grains, salt, coal, iron, steel and cement. It uses Flash Butt Welded head-hardened (HH) 250 m long rails with axle load capacity of 25 t on tracks and 32.5 t on bridges, compared to the existing 22.9 t to 25 t axle load used on Indian Railway tracks. The line will support freight trains reaching  length, pulled by high-power WAG12 electric locomotives and running at speeds greater than . The tracks will be entirely grade-separated and have a generous loading gauge of  width and  maximum height allowing for the double-stacked shipping container on flatcars to be transported, in contrast to wellcars used in other countries for double-stack rail transport. This allows for single trains to have a 400-container capacity. Trains will have radio communications and GSM-based tracking – a first in the Indian railway sector.

The Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (Eastern DFC) has a 46 km long branch line, that connects Khurja in Bulandshahr district on Eastern DFC with Dadri in Gautam Buddha Nagar district on the Western DFC. The Western DFC, along with the Delhi–Mumbai Expressway, will be a vital backbone of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). The Western DFC will cross the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway at 2 places in Haryana: Sancholi village (Gurgaon district) and Paroli village (Palwal district).

About DFC

The Government of India established the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) on 30 October 2006 to undertake construction of this project. India's first 2 DFCs, Western Dedicated Freight Corridor from Dadri in Uttar Pradesh to Navi Mumbai in Maharashtra and Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (Eastern DFC) from Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal, via Khurja are aimed at decongesting the railway network by moving 70% of India's goods train to these two corridors.

Route

The Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (Western DFC) will begin at Dadri in Uttar Pradesh (near Delhi) on a new stretch of railway line right of way between Dadri-Rewari and then will run parallel to existing railway lines via Narnaul, Sri Madhopur and Reengus (Sikar). The other important stations will be Phulera and Marwar Junction in Rajasthan, Palanpur, Ambli Road Railway Station near (Sabarmati), Makarpura (Vadodara), Gothangam/ Kosad in Gujarat and Vasai Road in Maharashtra before it terminates at JNPT (Nhava Sheva Port) in Maharashtra's Raigad district. The Dadri-Rewari railway line passes through a 1 km tunnel with 14.5 m width and internal height 10.5 m to 12.5 m to carry double-stacked containers.

Construction

The DFCCIL has divided the construction work of the Western DFC into 5 section for contracting purposes.

Status updates
 Apr 2005: Project announced by the then Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh.
 Oct 2006: The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) is formed by the Ministry of Railways on 30 October 2006.
 Feb 2008: Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approves Western DFC and Eastern DFC.
 Sep 2009: Union Cabinet approved loan of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
 Jun 2013: Civil construction contract awarded by DFCCIL for Rewari-Palanpur section.
 Aug 2018: Inaugural run of a freight train is successfully conducted along the 190 km segment between New Ateli and New Phulera stations.
 Dec 2019: DFCCIL successfully tested the 306 km stretch between Kishangarh Balawas (Rewari district) and Madar (Ajmer district).
 Jul 2020: Testing for the 352.7 km Madar to Palanpur stretch was completed.
 Jan 2021: The 306 km route from New Rewari to New Madar is inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 7 January. He also flagged off the world's first flat wagon double-stacked container train from New Ateli to New Kishangarh on the same day.
Mar 2021: The 335 km long New Madar to New Palanpur section is inaugurated on 31 March.
July 2021: About 60% of the Western DFC has been completed.
Aug 2021: DFCCIL commences Roll-on-Roll-off (Ro-Ro) service on the Western DFC on 14 August. The rake consisting of flat wagons proceeded from New Rewari and arrived at New Palanpur, covering a distance of 630 km.
Aug 2021: DFCCIL successfully completes a 2.75 km long and 25 m high viaduct near Sohna on the Dadri-Prithla-Rewari section on 26 August.
May 2022: Trial run was started on the section from New Palanpur-New Mehsana on 13 May, and was finished on 25 May.
June 2022: After the trial run, the New Palanpur-New Mehsana is inaugurated and made operational by DFCCIL, which increases the corridor's length to 720 km, from Dadri to Mehsana.

See also
 Dedicated freight corridors in India
 Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor
North-South Dedicated Freight Corridor
East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor
 Future of rail transport in India
 High-speed rail in India
 Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor

References

External links
 Western DFC
 Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) Official link for project status

Transport in Delhi
Transport in Navi Mumbai
Dedicated freight corridors of India
Rail transport in Rajasthan
Rail transport in Gujarat
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India


title: Rajadhi Raja

text:
Rajadhi Raja () may refer to:

 Rajadhi Raja (1989 film), a 1989 Tamil film
 Rajadhi Raja (1992 film), a 1992 Kannada film
 Rajadhi Raja (2009 film), a 2009 Tamil film
 Rajadhi Raja (2014 film), a 2014 Malayalam film
 Rajadhi Raja (2016 film), a 2016 Telugu film


title: Education in Nauru

text:
Education in Nauru is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are eleven schools in Nauru, including three primary schools and two secondary schools (Nauru College and Nauru Secondary School). There is an Able/Disable Centre for children with special needs. Education at these schools is free. In 2011, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade reported that 3,026 children were enrolled at Nauru's schools. The Minister for Education is the Hon. Charmaine Scotty, MP from 2013.

The Nauru Campus of the University of the South Pacific (USP) is located in Nauru Learning Village Yaren District since 2018, and was previously in Aiwo District. USP began teaching remote courses in the 1970s. A local campus was established in 1987. Courses of study focus on the fields of education and business. The campus also serves the broader community through a Continuing education programme.

Education in Nauru was first formalised by the work of Protestant missionaries in the early twentieth century. The first schools were established by missionary Philip Delaporte, teaching children literacy in the Nauru language. In 1923, the joint administration of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand made education compulsory and established a curriculum based in the English language.  Australia's AusAID funded an $11 million refurbishment of Nauru Secondary School beginning in late 2007. The project to assist in improving educational performance in Nauru was completed in 2010. Part of the project focused on enhancing Nauruan construction capacity.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) finds that Nauru is fulfilling only 83.9% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income. HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Nauru's income level, the nation is achieving 93.5% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education but only 74.2% for secondary education.

Schools
Public infant schools:
 Anetan Infant School - Anetan District
 Boe Infant School - Boe District
 Meneng Infant School - Meneng District
 Nibok Infant School - Nibok District

Public primary:
Yaren Primary School - Yaren District - Years 1-3, Years 1 and 2 as of April 2002.
Nauru Primary School - Meneng District - Years 4-6
The current building opened on October 6, 2016. Canstruct, an Australian firm, built the two-story building, which has eight classrooms. The building, specially designed for Nauruan weather, with ceiling fans and special airflow, may house up to 400 students and is resistant to natural disasters.
Former: Aiwo Primary School - Aiwo District - Years 3 and 4 as of April 2002.

Public secondary:
Nauru College - Denigomodu District - Years 7-9 as of June 2012, years 5-7 as of April 2002
 Nauru College opened as the Denigomodu School in January 2000 as part of the Rehabilitation and Development Cooperation Agreement between Australia and Nauru, agreed in August 1993. As part of the agreement the governments decided to build Nauru College in March 1999. It was initially Nauru's third primary school, but it was transitioned into a junior high school with Form 1, as Nauruan children vie for scholarships at that educational stage.
Nauru Secondary School - Yaren District - years 10-12; years 8-12 as of April 2002

Private:
Kayser College - Ewa District - infant years-year 8; years 1-11 as of April 2002) - A new three classroom building opened on 8 May 2015.  the Nauru Department of Education gives the school 80% of its funds. It is a Roman Catholic school.
The Location School (years 1-8 as of April 2002) - Within the "Location" housing development in Denigomodu, for expatriate children  This is the only school in Nauru which is not English medium.

Special schools:
 Able-Disable Centre in Meneng District

Former non-public:
Nauru Regional Processing Centre had its own school, and the Australian government gave a contract in August 2013 to the organisation Save the Children to deliver a curriculum. By 2015 Australian authorities planned to move the students to local Nauruan government schools. That year the immigrants were moved to the local schools.

References

External links
Department of Education

Society of Nauru


title: Liverpool Street, Hobart

text:
Liverpool Street is a street in the Hobart City Centre, in the state of Tasmania.

It runs parallel to Macquarie and Davey Streets from Brooker Avenue in the north, then southward through the central section of the CBD where it crosses  Campbell Street, Argyle Street,  Murray Street and Elizabeth Street, and then on to the south end of the city centre.

It was well photographed at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.

Historically locals referred to the "west end" of Hobart's CBD when frequenting the cinema or theatre along Liverpool Street, which was home to the Odeon Theatre and His Majesty’s Theatre. Village Cinemas capitalised on this in 1976, naming Tasmania's first multiplex on nearby Collins Street the West End Twin.

Royal Hobart Hospital is located on its eastern side, near Brooker Avenue.

It has had in the past hotels, like Harringtons, on the corner of Liverpool and Harrington Street.

On 22 September 2007 fire destroyed the historic Myer building. In November 2014 construction started on the site.

On 26 November 2015 stage 1 of the new Myer store opened. During construction of stage 1 at Myer Liverpool Street between Murray Street and Elizabeth Street was changed from two lanes to one lane.

Liverpool Street tram line

Between 1893 - 1958, trams operated along the Liverpool Street line. Commencing at the Hobart Railway Station, the line travelled up Liverpool Street through Hobart CBD, before beginning to climb westwards into the foothills of kunanyi / Mount Wellington. It was a double track to Warwick Street, except for two sections where the curve or narrowness of the road required a single contraflow section of track.

This line was exceptionally heavily used, and during peak hour traffic, it was usual for two cars to run each scheduled service. On certain occasions, even three cars were operated in conjunction for the run as far as Warwick Street.

The Liverpool Street line crossed the Elizabeth Street line on the level at the junction which is now the northern end of the Elizabeth Street Mall, but its only connection to the rest of the network was a single line in Park and lower Macquarie Streets in front of the Hobart tram depot.

Notes

Streets in Hobart


title: Freddy Daruwala

text:
Freddy Daruwala (born 1983/1984) is an Indian model and actor based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, predominantly known for his roles as the Sleeper Cell's Head opposite Akshay Kumar in the Bollywood film Holiday. He has starred in over 12 films across various languages, including Telugu, Gujarati and Hindi. He has been titled as the Most Desirable Man by Ahmedabad Times in 2018 and 2020. He last appeared in ZEE5's action crime thriller series Poison in 2019 that starred Arbaaz Khan and Riya Sen. He has been signed to play a lead in The Incomplete Man.

Personal life
Born into a middle-class family in Surat, Gujarat, Freddy is half Parsi and half Gujarati. He holds a Master of Business Administration. He is married to Crystal Variava, a doctor and they have 2 sons.

Filmography

Web series

Music videos

References

External links

Living people
Indian male models
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Indian male film actors
1980s births
Parsi people
Gujarati people
People from Surat


title: Talavera, Lleida

text:
Talavera is a municipality of the comarca of the Segarra in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.

References

External links
 Official website
 Government data pages

Municipalities in Segarra
Populated places in Segarra


title: 2007–08 FC Inter Baku season

text:
The Inter Baku 2007–08 season was Inter Baku's seventh Azerbaijan Premier League season, and their second season under manager Valentin Khodukin. They finished won the league on goal difference over Olimpik Baku and where runners-up in the Cup.

Squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Competitions

Azerbaijan Premier League

Results

Table

Azerbaijan Cup

Final

Squad statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Inter Baku and left during the season:

|}

Goal scorers

Notes
Qarabağ have played their home games at the Tofiq Bahramov Stadium since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in Quzanlı.

References

External links
 Inter Baku at Soccerway.com

Shamakhi FK seasons
Inter Baku


title: History of African Americans in Houston

text:
The African American population in Houston, Texas, has been a significant part of the city's community since its establishment. The Greater Houston area has the largest population of African Americans in Texas and west of the Mississippi River. Black Enterprise has referred to Houston as a Black mecca.

History

When Houston was founded in 1836, an African-American community had already begun to be established. In 1860, 99% of the city's African American population was enslaved; there were eight free blacks and 1,060 slaves. Before the American Civil War, enslaved African-Americans living near Houston worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those living within the city limits held domestic and artisan jobs.

Although slavery ended after the U.S. Civil War, by the mid-1870s racial segregation became codified throughout the South, including Texas.  African Americans in Houston were poorly represented by the predominantly white state legislature and city council, and were politically disenfranchised during the Jim Crow era; whites had used a variety of tactics, including militias and legislation, to re-establish political and social supremacy throughout the South.

In 1929 Houston Planning Commission chairperson Will Hogg made a proposal to designate areas of the city by race in its zoning so African-Americans do not become too numerous near White communities; the city did not enact this as it never adopted zoning.

In the 1940s and 1950s black people from small southern towns moved to Houston, resulting in the black communities increasing in size. The black population in the Third Ward became larger and therefore closer in proximity to nearby Jewish communities. White people began to move from the Third Ward area, partly due to the passage of Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954.

Texas Southern University students led the integration of Houston in the 1960s. On Friday, March 4, 1960, Texas Southern University students led Houston's first sit-in at the Weingarten's grocery store lunch counter located at 4110 Almeda Road.  That sit-in played a major role in the desegregation of Houston's white owned businesses.  Today, a U.S. Post Office sits at that location; however, a Texas Historical Marker sits in the front of the building reminding visitors of the courageous role TSU students played in the desegregation of Houston, Texas. Six months after their first sit-in, 70 Houston lunch counters were desegregated.  The success of their continued efforts eventually led to the full integration of businesses within the city.

In 1970, 90% of the black people in Houston lived in mostly African-American neighborhoods. By 1980 this decreased to 82%.

Historically, the City of Houston placed established landfill facilities in established African American neighborhoods. Private companies also located landfills in black neighborhoods. Between the early 1920s and the late 1970s the five municipal sanitary landfills were in black neighborhoods. During the same period, six of the eight municipal solid waste incinerators resided in mostly black neighborhoods. From 1970 to 1978 three of the four private landfills established during that period were located in Houston black neighborhoods. Around that era African Americans made up around 25% of the city's population. Houston City Council, which decided where the landfills would be located, was entirely composed of white residents until 1972. The political efforts and advocacy behind a 1979 federal lawsuit regarding one proposed landfill led to political changes that ended the deliberate placement of landfills in black neighborhoods.
In 1980, the city had 440,257 African American residents, making it one of the largest black populations in the country. As of 1987 most African Americans in Houston continued to live in inner-city black neighborhoods, even though they gained the legal right to move to any neighborhood. According to research at the University of Chicago, many African Americans choose to live in neighborhoods where they were raised.

From the 1980 U.S. Census to the 1990 U.S. Census, many African Americans left traditional African-American neighborhoods such as the MacGregor area, Settegast, Sunnyside, and the Third Ward and entered parts of Southwest Houston, such as Alief, Fondren Southwest, Sharpstown, Westchase, and Westwood. Meanwhile, a significant percentage of Houston's Non-Hispanic whites population (particularly those with children under 18) left the city for suburban communities, this phenomenon was known as white flight.

In 2004, some African-Americans who had lived in the suburbs had returned to the inner city area due to their previous ties to those communities.

By 2005 the outflow from traditional black neighborhoods, such as the Third Ward, Sunnyside, Kashmere Gardens, and the Fifth Ward continued, with blacks moving to Alief, other parts of Southwest Houston, Fresno, Missouri City, and northwestern suburbs. Around 2005, African Americans began to move to an area around Farm to Market Road 1960, in an unincorporated area in Harris County. In many traditional inner-city black neighborhoods, Mexican and Latino residents moved in. In addition to the New Great Migration, many African Americans in the US are now recently moving to Houston for lower cost of living and more job opportunities. Houston gained approximately 233,000 African-Americans between 2000 and 2010. Having the largest black population west of the Mississippi River, Houston is known as a center of African-American political power, education, economic prosperity, and culture, often referred to as a black mecca. Houston is ranked among best U.S. metros for Black professionals.

An additional 150,000 to 250,000 mostly black evacuees arrived in 2005 from the New Orleans metro after Hurricane Katrina, with many of them deciding to stay in Houston.

Commerce
The African American community in Houston had a rich diverse economic history. Throughout the communities, many businesses flourished. The Wards, 3rd, 4th and 5th had many restaurants, theaters, clubs, boarding houses, carriage delivery services, millinery shops (hat shops), stationery shops, newspaper publishers, dry goods stores, banks-savings and loans, insurance companies, seamstresses and tailor shops just to name a few. There were two major office buildings that housed many African American businesses, the Pilgrims Building  The agricultural history included a host of farmers and ranchers. was home to Sky Ranch the African American airport/air transport service, started by Tuskegee Airmen in the mid-1900s.  In the early 1900s the community celebrated DeRoLoc which helped to promote the economic development of the community. This week long event was celebrated by an Agricultural/Industrial Exhibition, Ball, and Carnival. Many of the businesses benefited by all the people that attended from the region. The first Official DeRoLoc Event in Emancipation Park (Oldest park in Texas-donated by Freed Slaves) hosted 4,000 people (Fall 1901-some people say it was 1909), the event stopped in 1929 and was recently revived by a local business (NuWaters Co-op) in Houston. In Acres homes, there was the first African American Bus Company that made many runs to/from downtown Houston, to Acres homes providing transportation to many African Americans.

Cuisine

The Louisiana Creole people who settled Houston around the 1920s brought their cuisine with them. The Creole and Cajun cuisine style spread in Houston in the post-World War II era, which led to various Creole food chains such as Frenchy's Chicken, Pappadeaux, and Popeyes. Creole dishes include boudin, black rice and shrimp creole, crawfish, gumbo, and jambalaya. Bernadette Pruitt, author of The Other Great Migration: The Movement of Rural African Americans to Houston, 1900-1941, wrote that Creole cooking became "an important cultural bridge" in the city and in its African American community, and that, "As cooks, Creole housewives transformed Houston's typical southern cuisine."

In 2021 Alison Cook of the Houston Chronicle wrote that hamburger restaurants in historically black neighborhoods in Houston typically prepare hamburgers "exceptionally charred and well-done".

In 2020, according to Emma Balter of the Houston Chronicle most of the vegan restaurants she chronicled, in a list that was "comprehensive, yet not exhaustive", were owned by African-Americans.

Demographics
From the 1870s to the 1890s, African Americans made up almost 40% of Houston's population. Between 1910 and 1970 the African American population ranged from 21% to 32.7%.

In 1870 36% of the African-Americans in Houston lived in the Fourth Ward, 29% lived in the Third Ward, 16% lived in the Fifth Ward, and 19% lived in other areas. In 1910 the plurality now lived in the Third Ward, with 32%; the Fourth Ward, Fifth Ward, and other areas had 27%, 21%, and 20% respectively.

There were about 34,000 African-Americans in Houston in the 1920s, and in the 1930s there were about 63,000 African-Americans. In 1920, 20% of the people classified as "black" were subclassified as "mulatto"; the census stopped taking statistics on "mulatto" people after 1920. In the racial segregation era people of Louisiana Creole origin with African heritage attended black institutions such as schools even though they often considered themselves racially distinct from non-Creole African Americans. Creoles spoke Louisiana Creole French, making them linguistically distinct. Creoles also had different musical practices as they performed Southwest Louisiana-style "la-la". In the 1920s the "San Felipe districts" had the largest group of African-Americans, the Third and Fifth wards had other significant communities.

In 1940 the African-American population numbered 86,302, 21.4% of the number of people in Houston. The same population increased to 125,400, 21% of the city population, in 1950. 87.9% of the population increase from 1940 to 1950 was due to African-Americans moving from other parts of the United States, mostly Louisiana and Texas; most of the migrating African-Americans from rural areas and small towns. 1960 the African-American population numbered 215,037, 25.7% of the city population. In the central city, from 1950 to 1960, the  African-American population increased by 20,299. Their percentage of the total population increased during that period from 23.4% to 31.1% because large numbers of white people left the central city. In 1970 the African-American population numbered 316,922, 25.7% of the city population. By 1980, Houston had 440,257 African American residents, making it one of the largest black populations in the country.

In 2004 55% of the African American population born in Harris County originated from the Houston area either by birth or through growing up there as children.

Between 2010 and 2015, Houston added about 100,000 new black residents to the area.  Only behind the Atlanta and Dallas areas.

Many African Americans in the US are now recently moving to Houston due to the city's well-established and influential Black or African American community.

The Houston area has the largest African-American community in Texas and one of the top 10 in the nation.

Cultural institutions
The Houston Museum of African American Culture (HMAAC) and Buffalo Soldier National Museum located in the Houston Museum District.

The Community Artists' Collective located in the midtown area is a hub for black creatives and art.

The University Museum located on the campus of Texas Southern University is an art gallery that primarily highlights art by and about people in the African diaspora.

The Rutherford B. H. Yates Museum preserves the legacy of African Americans in Houston's Freedmen's Town.

Shrine of the Black Madonna is a cultural center, museum and bookstore that is owned and operated by the Pan-African Orthodox Christian Church.

Ovide Duncantell (died 2018) founded the Houston Black Heritage Society.

The Houston Black Chamber of Commerce serves and supports black businesses and professionals.

Politics

Lee P. Brown, elected in 1997, was the first black Mayor of Houston. He was the city's 50th mayor.

As of 1997, African Americans typically constituted less than 25% of the electorate of the City of Houston. For the election of Lee P. Brown, blacks may have made up over 33% of the turnout. Brown won 90% or more in African-American neighborhoods.

As of 2005 Sheila Jackson Lee, a Houstonian, is one of two black Texan U.S. House of Representatives members. Al Green (Texas 9th district), also from Houston, is the other.

On December 13, 2015, Houston elected its second African-American mayor, Sylvester Turner.

Religion

The number of African American Catholics in Houston increased after the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 affected rural areas in the Southern United States. Most of them moved to the Fifth Ward. Due to a perception of the Catholic church being more favorable to African Americans than Protestant churches, the Catholic church in Houston increased in popularity with African Americans in the 1930s.

The oldest black church in Houston is Trinity United Methodist Church, which was started by Rev. Elias Dibble who came from Mississippi to establish churches.

The oldest Black Baptist church in Houston is the Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, historically a part of the Freedmen's Town of  Fourth Ward and now in Downtown Houston. Jack Yates once served as the pastor of this church.

The city's first black Catholic church was St. Nicholas, located in the Third Ward. The Our Mother of Mercy Catholic Church in the Fifth Ward, Houston's second black Catholic church, was officially founded in June 1929. Houston area black Catholic churches have elements of Louisiana Creole culture such as zydeco parties.

In the 1920s, prior to the construction of Our Mother of Mercy, a group of Louisiana Creole people attended the Hispanic Our Lady of Guadalupe Church because it was the closest church to the Frenchtown area of the Fifth Ward. Because the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church treated the Creole people in a discriminatory manner, by forcing them to confess and take communion after people of other races, and requiring them to take the back pews, the Creoles opted to build their own church.

The number of African-American Catholics in Houston increased after the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 affected rural areas in the Southern United States. Most of them moved to the Fifth Ward. Due to a perception of the Catholic church being more favorable to African-Americans than Protestant churches, the Catholic church in Houston increased in popularity with African-Americans in the 1930s. St. Anne de Beaupre in Sunset Heights, near the Houston Heights, is the third black church. Named after the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec, Canada, opened in 1938. The naming after a Francophone Canadian site reflects the Louisiana Creole culture.

Media
The Houston Forward Times, which began publication in 1960, is the largest black-owned newspaper in the city. The Houston Defender and the African-American News and Issues are other well established black-owned papers. The Texas Freeman was founded in 1893 and later merged to become The Houston Informer and Texas Freeman.

KCOH 1430 AM was a black-owned radio stationed started in 1953. It was a focal point for the Houston black community located at the iconic "looking-glass" studios on 5011 Almeda in Midtown Houston. KCOR launched the careers of radio personalities Michael Harris, Ralph Cooper, Don Samuel, Wash Allen. The station was purchased in 1976 by a consortium of investors, led by its general manager at the time, Michael Petrizzo. After his death in January 2012, the radio station was put up for sale. The 1430 AM signal was eventually sold to Catholic-oriented, La Promessa Foundation's Guadalupe Radio Network in November 2012. The Petrizzo family continued to own the historic building and equipment, leasing them and the 1230 AM signal to Dunn Ministries which continued the Urban Oldies format. KCOH announced in January 2016 that it has plans to move to the FM dial.

The Houston Sun was established by Dorris Ellis and Lonal Robinson in 1983. It has won more than 200 awards and recognition and presents the First Amendment Conference annually for high school and college journalism students during March, African American Press Month. Dorris Ellis was awarded the Gutenberg Press Award by the Printing Museum of Houston in 2015. The Suns staff is made up of journalists and interns who covers city hall, school board and local community news.

Education

Texas Southern University is one the largest historically Black colleges (HBCUs) in the U.S. and the only HBCU fully based in Houston.
Prairie View A&M University based in Prairie View, Texas (immediately northwest of Houston) is also one of the largest HBCUs in the U.S. and the second oldest public university in the state.

Historically black high schools (schools reserved for black students prior to desegregation in the 1960s) in Houston include:
 Booker T. Washington High School
 Wheatley High School
 Yates High School
 Worthing High School

Historically black middle schools include:
 Ryan Middle School (closed 2013)

The Imani School is marketed towards African-American families.

Opinions varied on whether the North Forest Independent School District (NFISD), which closed in 2013, was a "historically black" district, and therefore also the largest historically black district in the state to be closed; Kimberly Reeves of the Houston Press noted that the district had not been predominately African-American in the segregation era and remained so since desegregation, into the 1970s.

History of primary and secondary education

After the U.S. Civil War Freedmen's schools served black children. Later a private school in the Fourth Ward, the Gregory Institute, opened and began serving the children.

In 1892 Colored High School, the first high school for black students, opened. There were 8,293 students in Houston's schools for black students in the 1924–1925 school year. In 1925 the Houston school board announced that a new high school would open in the Third Ward, in light of the large increase in the black population. The Houston Informer stated that the schools needed to be named after prominent black people from the city and/or other successful black persons.

With the construction of the former Jack Yates High School (later Ryan Middle School), Wheatley High School,  and other schools, the capacity of Houston's secondary schools for black children increased by three times from 1924 to 1929. The original secondary school for blacks, Colored High School, became Booker T. Washington High School. At the time all three secondary schools had junior high and senior high levels. There were 12,217 students in the black schools in the 1929–1930 school year. William Henry Kellar, author of Make Haste Slowly: Moderates, Conservatives, and School Desegregation in Houston, wrote that conditions in black schools "improved dramatically" in the 1920s.

On January 27, 1958, Worthing High School opened, relieving Yates. Yates moved to its current location in September 1958. Yates's former site became Ryan Colored Junior High School (now Ryan Middle School), named after the first principal of Yates. Booker T. Washington moved to its present-day location in Independence Heights in 1959.

In Fort Bend Independent School District (FBISD), M.R. Wood School served as one of three schools for black students, including the sole black senior high school, until the district desegregated in 1965.

Racial desegregation of the Houston Independent School District (HISD), resulting from the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s, occurred in the 1970s. Yates High School began to lose upper and middle class students due to flight to the suburbs, and the establishment of magnet schools in HISD. As a result of the losses, Yates began to deteriorate. Wheatley lost its upper and middle class students due to the same factors, and in 1979 its principal, Charles Herald, stated that integration caused the best students and teachers to leave the school.

History of tertiary education

In 1927 the Yates building began housing Houston Colored Junior College, later Houston College for Negroes.

Public libraries

The Houston Public Library operates the African American Library at the Gregory School. The library preserves historical information about the African-American community in Houston. It is the city's first library to focus on African-American history and culture.

W.L.D. Johnson Neighborhood Library is the successor of the former Carnegie Library.

Culture and recreation

Ensemble Theatre

The Ensemble Theatre, an African-American theater company, has its studio in Midtown. The theater, founded by George Hawkins in 1976, is the largest African-American theater company in the United States.

Juneteenth
Juneteenth is an annual celebration recognizing the emancipation of black slaves in Texas. President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation and published it on January 1, 1863, but it did not reach Galveston, Texas until June 19, 1865. Over the next few years, African-American populations across Texas collected money to buy property dedicated to Juneteenth celebrations. In Houston, the effort was led by the Reverend Jack Yates, a Baptist minister and former slave. His church, Antioch Baptist, and Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church formed the Colored People's Festival and Emancipation Park Association. In 1872, they pooled $800 to put down on ten acres of open land as home for their Juneteenth celebration. In honor of their freedom, they named it Emancipation Park.

There are several events throughout Houston commemorating this occasion. The Friends of Emancipation Park (FEP), a non-profit group of volunteers, was founded in 2007 by Dorris Ellis and Lonal Robinson to preserve and protect the interest and legacy of Emancipation Park. The FEP picked up the parade and keeps it going along with other exemplary programs. The FEP led the $33,000,000 renovation campaign to restore Emancipation Park and this campaign serves as an anchor to revitalize the Third Ward community and thwart the onslaught of gentrification. Emancipation Park, with a space of , is located in the Third Ward and is a popular destination for annual Juneteenth celebrations.

The State of Texas made Juneteenth a holiday at the state level after Al Edwards, a member of the Texas House of Representatives from Houston, proposed it as a bill.

Martin Luther King Day
There are two rival Martin Luther King Day parades held every year. The MLK Grande Parade is held by the MLK Parade Foundation, and the other, the Original MLK Birthday Parade, is held by the Black Heritage Society. As of 2007 Ovide Duncantell was the executive director of the Black Heritage Society and Charles Stamps is the CEO of the MLK Parade Foundation.

Previously there was one MLK day parade held annually, and Stamps was a part of Duncantell's organization. In 1995, Stamps left and formed a separate parade. The two parades began competing for the favored times and days to hold their events. By 2007 the City of Houston had regulations stating that one parade can be held in Downtown Houston on a particular day. The Black Heritage Society and Duncantell sued the city in 2007 after Duncantell did not get the permit, arguing that several provisions of the ordinance enforcing the one parade per day in Downtown rule were unconstitutional. In 2007 Lee Rosenthal, a U.S. district judge, on January 10, 2007, ordered the city government to allow both parades to hold their events in Downtown Houston. By 2008 the one parade per day rule, with the prized parade day decided by a coin toss, was again in place.

The Houston Press ranked the 2006 MLK day parade, when the two rival parades joined, as the "Best Parade Houston 2006".

Service projects and voter registration drives also occur on MLK Day in Houston.

Black Heritage Day at Houston Rodeo
Every spring, the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo dedicates a day of the festival to acknowledge and celebrate black culture.  A different popular black music artist headlines and performs at the event each year.

Houston hip hop
The Houston hip hop scene is very influential and has a unique sound that is recognized and celebrated worldwide.

Texas Southern–Prairie View rivalry
The Texas Southern University versus Prairie View A&M University athletic events are a big draw for African-Americans in the Houston area. The Labor Day Classic is the only HBCU football classic in the Houston area.  The basketball games in the winter always draw large crowds and interest on both campuses.

National Battle of the Bands
Since 2019, Houston has been home to one of the largest collegiate marching band events in the nation.  Annually over 40,000 fans and spectators show up to the NRG Stadium to see several HBCU band programs perform and help raise money for them.

Houston Black Restaurant Week
Houston is internationally renowned for its world-class restaurants and cuisines and black owned restaurants play a big part in that. For two weeks every year, many black-owned restaurants and black culinary professionals participate in this event that highlights their contributions to the city's food scene.

Houston Black brunch and nightlife culture
Houston's Black brunch and nightlife culture has grown to become highly prominent in the United States. Social media has played a major role in brunch and nightlife in the city becoming a top destination for Black people around the world. Unlike most cities, Houston offers many popular restaurants, bars, lounges, clubs, and events frequented by Black celebrities and culturally caters to Black adults.

Black gay pride

Houston is home to one of the largest Black LGBT communities in the nation.  Houston's black LGBT community annually celebrate its presence during a special event called "Splash", which organizes gay and lesbian events in order to improve the cultural, environmental, medical and social health of gay men, lesbian and transgender people of African descent.  It is the oldest black gay event in Texas beginning in 1988.

Cemeteries
Humble Negro Cemetery is in the suburb of Humble.

Gentrification
Gentrification has notably changed most of Houston's historically black neighborhoods, especially those within loop 610 and near Downtown Houston.  Rising housing costs coupled with a housing shortage have displaced some black residents and deterred many new black residents from moving in. A high number of blacks have moved to suburban cities in the Houston area seeking a more affordable cost of living.  For example, Third Ward went from 71% black in 2010 to 45% black in 2020. The white population in Third Ward grew 170% from 2010 to 2020. The median home price in Third Ward in 2010 was $124,500, by 2023 it increased to nearly $400,000. Also Third Ward's average rent price increased notably since 2010. The Houston Housing Authority is actively working to provide more affordable housing to help those with low-to-moderate incomes desiring to live near the city's largest business district.

Notable people

Phylicia Rashad - actress
Quanell X (Quanell Ralph Evans) - Leader and National Chairman of the  New Black Panther Nation.
Debbie Allen - actress
 Beyoncé (Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter) – singer-songwriter, entrepreneur and actress
 Kelly (Kelendria Trene Rowland-Witherspoon) – singer-songwriter, entrepreneur and actress
Travis Scott - rapper
Solange - singer-songerwriter, entrepreneur and actress
Mathew Knowles - music mogul, entrepreneur and educator
LeToya Luckett - singer-songerwriter, entrepreneur and actress
Megan Thee Stallion - rapper
Don Toliver - singer and rapper
Lizzo - singer and rapper
Trae tha Truth - rapper
Scarface - rapper
Arizona Fleming - Activist
H-town - R&B group
Ideal - R&B group
Isiah Washington - actor
Simone Biles - gymnast
Brittney Griner - basketball player
Michael Strahan - athlete and TV personality
Yolanda Adams - singer
 Christia Adair - Civil rights activist
 Richard Allen – politician
 Michael Arceneaux (author of I Can't Date Jesus)
Slim Thug - rapper and entrepreneur
Mike Jones - rapper and entrepreneur
Kirko Bangz - rapper
 Lee P. Brown - former mayor of Houston
 Robert D. Bullard – sociologist
 Kirbyjon Caldwell – pastor of the Windsor Village United Methodist Church
 Chamillionaire (Hakeem Seriki) - rapper
 Percy Creuzot - founder of Frenchy's Chicken
Ruth Simmons - academic
Normani - singer, dancer
 Loretta Devine - actress
 Detria Marie Ward - actress
J. E. Franklin - playwright
 Timothy Eric Dixion - actor
Jennifer Holliday - actress, singer
 Rodney Ellis
 Fat Tony (Anthony Obi) - rapper
 George Foreman – Olympic Gold medalist, two-time Heavyweight Champion, entrepreneur
 Van G. Garrett (poet)
 Lightnin' Hopkins (Sam John Hopkins)
 Lenwood Johnson – activist
Vince Young - Former NFL player
Rashard Lewis - Former NBA player
 Barbara Jordan - Congresswoman
 Elwyn Lee - University of Houston administrator
 Sheila Jackson Lee – Congresswoman
 Mickey Leland - Congressman
 Thaddeus S. Lott Sr. - school principal in Houston ISD
 Rod Paige - Former Houston ISD superintendent and U.S. Secretary of Education
 Dr. Anthony B. Pinn – professor, Rice University
 James Prince - CEO of Rap-a-Lot Records
 Monica Roberts
 Sylvester Turner - current mayor of Houston
 Jack Yates
 Roland S. Martin - American journalist
 George Floyd -Former rapper and founding member of SwishaHouse Records and Black man who was choked to death by white police officer in Minneapolis.

See also

 Riverside Terrace
 Emancipation Park
 History of the African Americans in Texas
 History of African Americans in Dallas-Ft. Worth
 History of African Americans in San Antonio
 History of African Americans in Austin
 Ethnic groups in Houston
 Demographics of Texas
 Down in Houston
 Black Dixie
Afro-Mexicans
History of Mexican Americans in Houston
History of Central Americans in Houston
Hispanics and Latinos in Houston
Demographics of Houston
History of Pakistani Americans in Houston
History of Vietnamese Americans in Houston
History of the Jews in Houston
History of the Japanese in Houston
History of the Korean Americans in Houston
History of Chinese Americans in Houston
Black Southerners

Bibliography
Houston in Black – Houston's African American Population
 Beeth, Howard and Cary D. Wintz (editors). Black Dixie: Afro-Texan History and Culture in Houston (Volume 41 of Centennial Series of the Association of Series). Texas A&M University Press, June 1, 2000. , 9780890969762.
 Kellar, William Henry. Make Haste Slowly: Moderates, Conservatives, and School Desegregation in Houston. Texas A&M University Press, 1999. , 9781603447188.
 Pruitt, Bernadette. The Other Great Migration: The Movement of Rural African Americans to Houston, 1900-1941 (Sam Rayburn Series on Rural Life, sponsored by Texas A&M University-Commerce). Texas A&M University Press, October 24, 2013. , 9781603449489.
 Steptoe, Tyina Leaneice (University of Wisconsin–Madison). Dixie West: Race, Migration, and the Color Lines in Jim Crow Houston (PhD thesis for a history degree). ProQuest, 2008. , 9780549635871.
 Steptoe, Tyina L. Houston Bound: Culture and Color in a Jim Crow City (Volume 41 of American Crossroads). University of California Press, November 3, 2015. , 9780520958531. p. 117.

References

Further reading

  - PhD thesis published by Rice University

External links
 Houston Museum of African American Culture
 Black Houston

Ethnic groups in Houston
African Americans by city
African-American cultural history
History of Houston

African-American history of Texas


title: Niedersachsenhalle

text:
Niedersachsenhalle is an exhibition hall located in Hanover, Germany and part of Hannover Congress Centrum. It covers an area of 1,627 m2 and has a seating capacity of 1,512 people. It is used for events such as trade fairs and concerts. Notable past performers include Pink Floyd, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Rory Gallagher, AC/DC, Frank Zappa, and many others.

References

See also
 Eilenriedehalle

Convention centres in Germany
Buildings and structures in Hanover
Tourist attractions in Hanover


title: Sobeknakht (high steward)

text:
Sobeknakht was an ancient Egyptian official with the main title high steward. He was in office in the Middle Kingdom under king Amenemhat I of the 12th Dynasty, around 1975 BC. Sobeknakht is known from a block with a relief, once adorning the chapel of his tomb at Lisht, close to the pyramid of Amenemhat I. Three other blocks with reliefs were found nearby and belonged once perhaps to the tomb of Sobeknakht too, although they do not mention his name. The tomb itself is not yet located. He is also known from a statue found at Thebes and perhaps from a stela, found at Abydos.

References

Ancient Egyptian high stewards
Officials of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
Lisht


title: Chhuikhadan State

text:
Chhuikhadan State, also known as Kondka, was a princely state of British India, during the period of the British Raj. Chhuikhadan town in Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district of Chhattisgarh it was the capital of the state and the see of the Mahant's residence. which later formed part of Chhattisgarh States Agency. The state flag was a purple triangle with a coat of arms.

Chhuikhadan covered an area of , of which  were cultivated, and  were cultivable. There were 120 villages in 1870 with a population of 13,281. By 1941, the population had increased to 32,731. The capital of the state was Chhuikhadan.

History

The Chiefs of Chhuikhadan were originally under the Bhonsles of Nagpur, the first Chief being Mahant Rup Das in 1750. However, after the defeat of Marathas, they were recognized by the British as feudatory chiefs in 1865 conferring the title and sanad to Mahant Laxman Das. Shrimant Mahant Rituparna Kishore Das, the last ruling chief of Chhuikhadan acceded to the Union of India on 1 February 1948.

The twin princely states of Rajnandgaon and Chhuikhadan were established by two followers of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur. His two followers Rup Dahiya and Prahlad Dahiya came from Khanda, Sonipat village. Who belonged to famous Nirmohi akhara of Khanda.In 1922 Chhuikhadan City became a municipality before independence. At India's independence on 1 January 1948, the state was merged into India. The former royal palace is still in very good condition.

Rulers

See also
 Eastern States Agency
 Chhattisgarh Division
Political integration of India

References

Princely states of India
1750 establishments in India
1948 disestablishments in India
History of Chhattisgarh
Rajnandgaon district
States and territories established in 1750
States and territories disestablished in 1948
Central Provinces


title: Dadja Altenburg-Kohl

text:
Drahoslava "Dadja" Altenburg-Kohl (born 30 May 1949) is a Czech doctor and entrepreneur. She lived and worked in Germany from the 1970s to the 1990s. She is also a philanthropist and patron of the arts; shortly after returning to the Czech Republic, Altenburg-Kohl established the DrAk Foundation and the Museum Montanelli in Prague.

Medical and business career
Altenburg-Kohl was born on 30 May 1949 in Prague. She studied at the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague. In 1972 she emigrated to West Germany for political reasons, and began working as a doctor at the university clinic in Frankfurt am Main in 1973, where she specialized in jaw surgery. In 1980, she opened a private practice in this field. In 1986, she and her husband Edwin Kohl established a pharmaceutical company, Kohlpharma, which later became part of Kohl Medical AG, of which Dr. Altenburg-Kohl has been co-owner and board member since 1993.

Shortly after the 1989 revolution, Altenburg-Kohl founded the Czech-based company Pragofarm, focused on the sale and distribution of medication. Another project in Germany was Assist, founded in 1995, a company involved in providing enteral nutrition and aids for chronically ill patients. Since 1995, she has also been the co-owner of Amigo, which develops games for children and adults. In collaboration with professor Michael Melkonian, head researcher at the Botanical Institute of the University of Cologne, she established Algenion in 2004, a company involved in the use of microphytes. In 2004, she began to work in both the Czech Republic and Germany. She returned to Prague in 2006, where she lives with her husband Daniel Pešta. She has four adult children. Altenburg-Kohl has been a member of the advisory board of Munich-based UniCredit Group XX since 2010.

In 2012, Altenburg-Kohl was awarded the title of Professor at Kohlpharma for recognition of her work in the fine arts and relationship between Germany and the Czech Republic.

Cultural activities
In 2003, Altenburg-Kohl founded the Montanelli Gallery at Nerudova street (Neruda's street) 13 in Prague. Six years later, it became the Museum Montanelli. The museum's patron was president Václav Havel, who officially opened the museum in 2009. In 2005, Altenburg-Kohl was elected to the board of the Europäisches Kulturforum in Berlin. She is also the curator for several joint projects between the Saarländische Galerie in Berlin and the Czech Republic.

The DrAk Foundation, founded in Prague in 2006, focuses on the fields of culture and medical prevention. The foundation's art collection is administered by the Museum Montanelli. As the museum's curator, Dr. Altenburg-Kohl has participated in monographic and thematic exhibitions and has organized international exchanges with other museums and galleries. The DrAk Foundation also supports theatre (National Theatre, Divadlo Ungelt), film (Citizen Havel Is Rolling Barrels), and cancer prevention (MammaCare manual breast examinations).

In Prague, Dr. Altenburg-Kohl has been a supporter of the National Theatre since 2005. She is a member of the theatre's board and a founder of its Benefactors' Club. She has provided financial support for numerous performances (Mozart's Don Giovanni, the jazz opera A Well-Paid Walk directed by Miloš Forman, and the ballet Causa Carmen). She also provided a large gift to the National Theatre's ballet ensemble and purchased a concert violin by Mihály Reményi (made in 1909) for the orchestra. In 2009, she helped to restore Vojtěch Hynais's theatre curtains and with her husband donated a bronze bust of Václav Havel. In 2013, Altenburg-Kohl's family financed the first phase of restoring the National Theatre's lunettes by Mikoláš Aleš and František Ženíšek. The restoration work is set to last until 2015.

Since 2012, she has appeared on stage as a member of the National Theatre's ballet ensemble during performances of Sleeping Beauty. She has twice been awarded the D Award by the National Theatre's director.

Altenburg-Kohl received the Trebbia Foundation's European Award for support of culture – 2011 Person of the Year.

References

Sources
 Hynais Curtain for the National Theatre. Restoration and Technological Research in the Historical Building of the National Theatre, Berger T, Straková P, Záhoř T, in: Staletá Praha. Prague: National Heritage Institute, územní odborné pracoviště v hlavním měste Praze, 2011 140+124 p. 27, no. 1, (2011), pp. 4–26

External links
  DrAk Foundation
 kohlpharma
  Kohl Medical, AG
 Algenion

1949 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Prague
Czech philanthropists
Czech surgeons
Czech patrons of the arts
Maxillofacial surgeons
Physicians from Prague
Czechoslovak surgeons
Charles University alumni


title: Southern flag

text:
Southern flag may refer to:

Flag of South Africa
Flag of South Carolina
Flag of South Dakota
Flag of South Korea
Flag of South Sudan
Flag of South Vietnam
Flag of the Confederate States of America


title: Ulf Sauerbrey

text:
Ulf Sauerbrey (born 27 August 1961) is a retired German rower who won one gold and one silver medal in the coxless pairs at the world championships of 1982–1983, rowing with Carl Ertel.

References

1961 births
Living people
East German male rowers
World Rowing Championships medalists for East Germany
Sportspeople from Halle (Saale)


title: Jonas Buud

text:
Jonas Buud born 28 March 1974, is a Swedish ultra-distance runner who lives in Mora, central Sweden.

Buud is a former orienteer who changed to long-distance running and has achieved international success. He became European Champion over 100 kilometres in 2009 and 2010, and was runner-up at the World Championships in 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. In the combined European/World championship over 100 km on April 22, 2012, he finished second in both races with a time of 6:28:59, a new Swedish record.

In 2014 Buud for the eighth consecutive year won the Swiss Alpine Marathon, one of Europe's largest ultra marathon races, over a 78 km distance in the Alps. In 2013 he also finished second in the world's oldest and largest ultra-distance race, the Comrades Marathon in South Africa, to achieve the best Swedish placement in the Comrades' 88-year history.

In 2015 he won the World championship over 100 km with the time 6:22:48, a new Swedish record.

Wins
 2007
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2008
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2009
Karlstad 6H 2010
Täby Extreme Challenge 2010, new Swedish record over 100 miles at 12:32:03
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2010
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2011
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2012
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2013
Swiss Alpine Marathon 2014
Ultravasan 2014
Ultravasan 2015
World Championship over 100 km 2015
Tarawera Ultramarathon 2016

References

External links

Swedish Ultracommittee web page
Jonas Buud's blog

1974 births
Living people
Swedish male long-distance runners
Swedish male marathon runners
Swedish ultramarathon runners
Male ultramarathon runners
People from Mora Municipality
Sportspeople from Dalarna County


title: El Propagador de la libertad

text:
El Propagador de la libertad was a political magazine written in Spanish that was published in Barcelona from October 1835 until 1838. It did not have a fixed regularity regarding the publication, but in general one number was published every month. The main editor was Francesc Raüll. It was printed in the printing house Jacint Verdaguer until 1836 and later on, in the printing house Ignasi Estivill. Each number had 30-40 pages and a measurement of 23 cm.

Themes and collaborators
The magazine’s objective was to extend widely among rural people the ideas and the liberal institutions. Moreover, it wanted to spread some notions about Legislation, History, technical discoveries and Geography. Furthermore, it disseminated a certain utopian socialism influenced by Saint-Simon. Another theme was Literature and this magazine is one of the few samples from the liberal Catalan Romanticism. “El Propagador de la libertad” defended the social function of literature and it fight against Classicism like a movement that had been overcome. It spread the works of Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo and Heine.

The collaborators of the magazine were A. Fontcuberta, Pere Mata, F. Altés i Gurena, A. Ribot, Gener i Solanes, Antoni Gironella, J. Eydoux and J. Strozzi. This staff changed as a consequence of the revolutionary successes from 1836 because a lot of the writers were arrested and exiled. As a result, A. Fontcuberta, who used the pseudonym of Josep Andreu Covert-Spring started directing the magazine. Some of the collaborators changed too and in this period we can find Pau Piferrer, Manuel Milà i Fontanals and Joaquim M. Bover.

The objective of spreading the new ideas among the farmers was not achieved due to the high intellectual level of the magazine, which was a barrier for this social group. At the end, “El Propagador de la libertad” was one of the most important literary, cultural and scientific magazines of its period due to its connections with the progressive current of thought.

References

External links
 Digitalization available in the ARCA Portal (archive of antique Catalan magazines)

Defunct political magazines published in Spain
Irregularly published magazines
Magazines established in 1835
Magazines disestablished in 1838
Magazines published in Barcelona
Monthly magazines published in Spain
Spanish-language magazines


title: Slovak Association of American Football

text:
The Slovak Association of American Football (SAAF) is the governing body of American football in Slovakia. It takes part in the organization of all the competitions related to the Slovak Championship. SAAF is responsible for the expansion and popularization of the sport. In Slovakia, American football is played under the 7v7, 11v11 and flag football variants.

History
The SAAF was formed in the year 2010 by the fusion of the SZAF and SAAF. In 2013, the SAAF became a member of the IFAF. The current president of the association is Ivan Labuda (since January 2014). Until 2013, the SAAF had 9 members:

 Bratislava Monarchs (founded in 1996)
 Nitra Knights (founded in 1997)
 Zvolen Patriots (founded in 2006)
 Trnava Bulldogs (founded in 2007)
 Topoľčany Kings (founded in 2009)
 Smolenice Eagles (founded in 2009)
 Žilina Warriors (founded in 2010)
 Banská Bystrica Daemons (founded in 2009)
 Cassovia Steelers (founded in 2011)

Slovak Football League 7v7
7v7 is a reduced variant of the original game played with 7 players instead of 11, with just a few adjustments to the original NCAAF rules. The so-called "Little League" has been played so far during the spring season (April–July). However, from the 2014 season, this league will be played during the fall.

Slovak Champion 7v7
 2010 (SZAF)-Zvolen Patriots
 2011-Bratislava Monarchs
 2012-Bratislava Monarchs
 2013-Smolenice Eagles

Slovak Football League 11v11
11v11 is classic American Football based on IFAF rules (NCAA rules). The Slovak 11v11 League was played during the 2011 and 2012 seasons. During the 2013 and 2014 the league will not take place. Due to the small number of teams able to provide an 11-man full roster, these ones are moving into international competitions.

Slovak Champions 11v11
 2010 (SZAF)-Zvolen Patriots
 2011-Bratislava Monarchs
 2012-Bratislava Monarchs

Slovak Flag Football League
Flag football is a 5-man variation of the non-contact sport based on American football; it is to be played during the early spring season in 2014.

National team
The national team is under the scope of the SAAF. Up to 2013 it had played 3 games, with an average attendance of around 3000 people.

Statistics
First game
  24:14  (Prague, 8 August 2010)

Further games
   24:30  (Nitra, 16 September 2012, 3000 spectators)
   6:38  (Bratislava, 18 August 2013, 3000 spectators)

References

Further reading
 American football in Slovakia

External links

Sports organizations established in 2010
American Football
American football governing bodies in Europe

2010 establishments in Slovakia


title: Jankuhn

text:
Jankuhn is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Herbert Jankuhn (1905–1990) German archaeologist
 Klaus Jankuhn (born 1965), German record producer and musician
 Walter Jankuhn (1888–1953), German tenor singer and actor, performed e.g. in Lotte


title: K. L. Noll

text:
Kurt Lesher Noll, also known as K. L. Noll, is an American biblical scholar and historian. He is currently Associate Professor and Chair of the Religion Department at Brandon University in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, where he teaches Judaism, Christianity, biblical languages, and Islam.

He holds a PhD and a Master of Theology from Union Theological Seminary in Virginia (now called Union Presbyterian Seminary), as well a Master of Arts (Honors) from Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and a Bachelor of Arts (summa cum laude) from Shippensburg University. Prior to entering academia, he was a professional illustrator and designer.

His books include The Faces of David (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction (London: Sheffield Academic Press/Continuum, 2001), and Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: A Textbook on History and Religion (London: T&T Clark/Bloomsbury, 2012). He has also published a number of articles and reviews.

Noll is the author of a chapter in Is This Not the Carpenter? The Question of the Historicity of the Figure of Jesus (edited by Thomas L. Thompson and Thomas S. Verenna.  London: Equinox, 2012) entitled "Investigating Earliest Christianity Without Jesus". The article methodically explains how it is possible that a literal Jesus was invented as a "Darwinian strategy" by the early church to persuade people to become Christians. Although his article tends to support the Christ myth theory, he concludes, however, that the lack of historical accuracy in the gospels is not proof that Jesus did not exist, and ultimately, it is not important if he lived or not explaining it "is irrelevant to an understanding of the earliest social movements that evolved into the religion now called Christianity."

Bibliography

 The Faces of David (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997),
 Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: An Introduction (London: Sheffield Academic Press/Continuum, 2001)
 Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: A Textbook on History and Religion (London: T&T Clark/Bloomsbury, 2012)

References

External links
Faculty profile from Brandon University

21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American biblical scholars
American historians of religion
Academic staff of Brandon University
Christ myth theory
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male non-fiction writers


title: Jutta Deutschland

text:
Jutta Angelika Deutschland (born 20 March 1958) is a German ballet dancer and choreographer. She became a prima ballerina during her many years with Berlin's Komische Oper.

Biography
Born in East Germany's Bad Freienwalde, when she was only 10 years old Deutschland began her training at the State Ballet School in East Berlin. She continued her studies at the Ballet Academy in St Petersburg and at the Bolshoi Academy in Moscow. In 1975, she joined Berlin's Komische Oper, earning the title of prima ballerina in 1986, one of only six in Germany since 1945. In 1999, she founded her own ballet school in Berlin, Ballettcompagnie Deutschland, with about a hundred students. In 1997, she left the Comic Opera to open her own "Event Design" agency.

In 2009, Deutschland choreographed a figure-skating routine for Stefanie Frohberg and Tim Giesen when the award-winning pair began to dance together early in the year.

Film
Jutta Deutschland has also appeared in television films and series including Ein verhängnisvoller Verdacht (1991) under the Polizeiruf 110 series, Der kleine Herr Friedemann (1990), and Die erste Reihe (1987). Whilst she was an East German prima ballerina she starred in an hour-long documentary that was written by Helga Schubert and directed by Petra Wirbatz. Wir brauchen eine Blume (We Need a Flower) was a story about being a prima ballerina but it was not a biography and it was narrated by Corinna Harfouch.

References

Literature
Rellin, Martina, Klar bin ich eine Ostfrau, Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin, 2005.

1958 births
Prima ballerinas
German ballerinas
People from East Berlin
German women choreographers
German choreographers
Living people
People from Bad Freienwalde
20th-century German women


title: Surre (clan)

text:
The Surre (, ), is a Somali clan, a sub clan of the major Somali Dir clan, The Surre inhabit in central and southern Somalia. And also can be found in Somaliland, Ethiopia and Kenya.

History

The Surre have been associated with spreading the Islamic faith in Somalia and the Qadiriya Sufi tariiqa in central and southern Somalia. They left what is now Somaliland in approximately 1316 C.E. for central and southern Somalia.

The majority of the western scholars (both Italian and British) simply referred to the Surre as the "Dir of Puntland and Southcentral Somalia" without differentiating them.

Recent studies in Somalia revealed that the Dir in Nugal, Mudug, Galgaduud, Hiran, and Gedo are divided into two branches, the Qubeys and the Guutaale both descendants of Surre.

 the Surre were represented by the Southern Somali National Movement led by Abdi Aziz Sheikh Yusuf.

Distribution

Mainly Qubeys and Abdalles with Mohamed Gutale (Habardeel) the uncle of Abdalle are the Surre subclans. The Saleban Abdalle clan is mainly local to Puntland, especially in the regions of Nugal and Mudug and predominantly inhabit Tawfiiq District, Dahraan neighborhood of Galkayo of Mudug and Godobjiran of Nugaal and have a sizable presence in Bosaso.

Another cluster of Abdalle clan of mainly Fiqi Mohamad reside from Herale district Anad  Huurshe of Galgaduud region in Galmudug State all the way to the north of Jubba river in Gedo region of Jubaland state mainly in Boholgaras and towns surrounding it divided by the Ethiopian border there, the Fiqi Mohamad and Nacdoor of Abdalle predominantly inhabit Dolobay Woreda, with significant population in Chereti (woreda) both in Afder Zone  and Jijiga the capital of the Somali state.

The Qubeys Clan is mainly native to Bacadweyne district  as well as many towns under its jurisdiction and in Galkayo in Mudug region of Galmudug State, the Fiqi  Qubeys also reside Tawfiiq and areas around it along with their Abdalle brothers, Mirjiicley town of Herale district. The Surre have a sizable presence in both the capital Mogadishu and Lower Shabelle where the qubeys resides the town of Golweyn and have a significant presence in Merca.

A sub subclan of Surre also inhabit the Sanaag region of Somaliland, with the Cabaas Muuse sub subclan being present in Badhan District.

Abdalle
Abdi Abdalle
Farax Abdi waa 2
 *** Adan farah /Fiqi Mohamed farax

Fiqi Mohamed amed waa 7

Maxamuud Fiqi wa 8

Reer Fiqi Hassan
Abdi Fiqi
Reer Eybakar
Reer Yusuf
Reer Ahmed
Farax Madow
Reer Cabdille
Feer Guuleed
Axmed Fiqi

[Muumin Fiqi]

[Cadow Fiqi]

[Macalin Farax Fiqi[

Adan Farax(Laxmar)
Saleban Abdalle
Gorod Abdalle

Muuse Fiqi

Reer Adan
Maxamed Adan
Axmed Adan
Xassan Adan
Ciise Adan
Yussuf Adan
Cumar Adan
Reer Hussein Cade

Laxmar(Adan Farax)
 Rooble Adan
 reer diirshe
 jaamac diirshe
 xasan diirshe
 xirsi diirshe
 ciise diirshe

Warsame Adan
 siyaad warsame
 afrah warsame
 cilmi warsame

Hussein Adan

Hogor Abdi
Yusuf Hogor
Waceys Hogor
Abdi Hogor
Saleban Abdalle
Cali Saleban
Farax Cali
Muuse Farax
Samatar Muuse
Dabac
Agoon
Beyr
Omar Muuse
Cabaas Muuse
Haruun Muuse
Siyad Muuse
Foodcade Muuse
Xabad Muuse
Damal Muuse
Maxamud Saleebaan(Fiqi Kheyre)

Y-DNA

DNA analysis of Dir clan members inhabiting Djibouti found that all of the individuals belonged to the Y-DNA T1 paternal haplogroup and in Dire Dawa 82% a city in Ethiopia with a majority Dir population. All genetic analysis carried out on the Surre male clan members have so far shown that they exclusively belong to the T1 paternal haplogroup.

Notable members

1. Mahad Abdalle Awad - current second deputy speaker of the Federal Parliament of Somalia
2. Qamar Aden Ali - Late former Somali minister of Health
3*General Sheikh Sadaq sh Yusuf leader of ahlu sunnah waljameca
4. Abdikarim Yusuf Adam(dhagabadan) - Late former Army Chief of staff Somali Armed Forced
5. Gen Abdalla Abdalla - former NISA deputy director
6. Abdi Aziz SHeikh Yusuf Direed - Prominent Somali politician
7. Abdukdir Noor Hussein Maah - Renowned Somali author novelist
8. Zakia Hussein - A politician and current deputy police of Somalia
9. Ahmed Ali Dahir - Former and long serving general attorney of Somalia
10. Seynab laba dhagah - Current politician and a former artist
11. Abdulahi Abuukar Haji - Current Somali minister of education and higher studies
12.Sheikh ibrahim Suley - well known Somali Islamic scholar
13.Khalif Moalim Hussein - Somali Businessman and a well known statesman.
14.Sheikh Salah moalim abdullahi - Islamic scholar
15.Jeylani ALi  - Somali Businessman and a former politician
16.Ali Hared Ali -Former 1st deputy speaker of galmudug local government

References

Somali clans


title: Girl (Pharrell Williams album)

text:
Girl is the second studio album by American musician Pharrell Williams. The album was released on March 3, 2014, by Williams' label I Am Other and Columbia Records. Girl was Williams' first studio album since his 2006 debut, In My Mind. It contains appearances by Justin Timberlake, Miley Cyrus, Daft Punk, JoJo, and Alicia Keys.

Girl received generally positive reviews from critics. It peaked at number one in 12 countries worldwide, also peaking in the top 10 of the charts of 17 other countries. The album has sold 591,000 copies in the United States as of February 2015. Its lead single was the Oscar-nominated "Happy" (from the Despicable Me 2 soundtrack), which was a huge worldwide success, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time. Follow-up singles "Marilyn Monroe", "Come Get It Bae", and "Gust of Wind" have achieved moderate success. At the 57th Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Album of the Year and won Best Urban Contemporary Album. "Happy" also won Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Music Video.

Background
Williams provided vocals for French electronic duo Daft Punk's 2013 album Random Access Memories. After returning from the Paris recording sessions, he attended a meeting with record label managers, who said that the results were "spectacular" and that "Get Lucky" would be Daft Punk's next single. They also made Williams an offer to record his own album, to which he quickly agreed.

On December 17, 2013, it was announced that Williams had signed to Columbia Records and would release his second studio album in 2014. On February 18, 2014, Williams unveiled a trailer for the album.

Concept
The work was described as a feminist "almost-concept" album in early reviews. Interviewed by Zane Lowe backstage at the 2014 Brit Awards, Williams specified that the capitalization and double-spacing of the album title is deliberately designed, "Because when you look at it, it looks a little weird... Because society is a little unbalanced." He added that he wished to honor the female figures in his life by making the record.

Music and lyrics
The opening track on the album, "Marilyn Monroe", begins with an orchestral string introduction. The song's production is characterized by Williams' distinctive bass line. The album's first single, "Happy", is a neo soul and funk song that Williams sings in a falsetto tone.

"Come Get It Bae", which features uncredited guest vocals from Miley Cyrus, is a funk song with playful beat. Lyrically, the song is based around sex and the metaphor "You want to ride my motorcycle?" serving as a double entendre for sex.

Singles

"Happy" was first released on November 21, 2013, the song was originally written for and included on the Despicable Me 2 soundtrack. The song was reissued on December 16, 2013, as the album's lead single. On November 24, Williams released the first 24-hour music video for "Happy". Guest appearances included Magic Johnson, Steve Carell, Jimmy Kimmel, Jamie Foxx, Odd Future, Miranda Cosgrove, Janelle Monáe and many others. The song has been commercially successful, peaking at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, topping charts in 19 other countries, and reaching top 10 positions in several more. It received a nomination for Best Original Song at the 86th Academy Awards, and Williams performed the song live at the ceremony on March 2, 2014.

In an interview with New York radio station Power 105.1, Williams revealed that the album's second single would be "Marilyn Monroe". On March 10, 2014, the single was added to the playlist of British urban contemporary radio station BBC Radio 1Xtra.

"Come Get It Bae" serves as the third single release from Girl and the second in the United States. It impacted rhythmic, urban contemporary and contemporary hit radio on May 20, 2014.

"Gust of Wind" was released to Italian contemporary hit radio on October 24, 2014, as the album's fourth single. "It Girl" was released to British contemporary hit radio on November 10, 2014, as the album's fifth single.

Critical reception

Girl was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 67, based on 35 reviews. Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 6.5 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.

Billboard magazine's Reggie Ugwu give the album four and a half stars out of five, and wrote that the album is "a relentlessly positive and unselfconsciously joyful tour de force." Andy Kellman of AllMusic felt that the "carefree soul throwback appears here, almost smack in the middle. It doesn't sound out of place in a set of upbeat, candy-coated pop-R&B that is relatively modern-sounding, laced with some elements of R&B from the mid- to late '60s and that sweet late-'70s to early-'80s spot." He gave the album four out of five stars.

Barry Walters of Spin gave the album an eight out of ten, saying "As suggested by its title, Pharrell's second solo album follows last year's monster smashes for Daft Punk and Robin Thicke with a full-length both unabashedly feminine and neatly spaced-out." Reed Jackson of XXL gave the album an XL rating, saying "Girl not only represents a proper representation of his creativity, but, with high-profile guest spots (Timberlake, Cyrus, Daft Punk) and a number of radio-ready singles, it should also be a success on the charts and further his reputation as a pop icon. Let the man's hot streak continue."

Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine gave the album three out of five stars, saying "As Williams tells it, the Despicable Me 2 team made him go through eight drafts before he arrived at the disarming, first-person charm of "Happy". Girl may have benefited from a few more introspective trips back to the drawing board." Robert Copsey of Digital Spy categorized the album's overall sound as "uplifting R&B-funk" and gave the album four out of five stars, saying "The Motown-funk sound that dominates most of Girl was always going to be a given after the success of "Get Lucky" and "Blurred Lines", but what is surprising is its lyrical content, which is celebratory of women's power and sexuality, unlike his Robin Thicke collaboration."

Commercial performance
Girl debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart on March 9, 2014. With first-week sales of over 70,000 copies, it was the fastest-selling album of 2014 in the UK at the time of its release, overtaking Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes by 45% and being certified silver. As of February 2015, Girl has sold 320,000 copies in the UK and been certified platinum.

In the United States, the album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200, selling 113,000 copies. In its second week, the album dropped to number five on that chart, selling 45,000 more copies. In its third week, the album dropped to number six on that chart, selling 34,000 more copies. In its fourth week, the album rose to number five on that chart, selling 25,000 more copies. As of February 2015, the album has sold 591,000 copies in the United States.

Track listing
All tracks written and produced by Pharrell Williams; co-writers are indicated. (Credits adapted from Tidal)

Notes
 "Marilyn Monroe" features additional spoken vocals by Kelly Osbourne
 "Brand New" features additional vocals by Rhea Dummett
 "Happy" features additional vocals by Rhea Dummett, Treveon Henderson, Terrance Rolle, Jasmine Murray, Ashley L. Lee and Shamika Hightower
 "Come Get It Bae" features additional vocals by Rhea Dummett, Miley Cyrus and Andrew Coleman
 "Gust of Wind" features additional vocals by Daft Punk
 "Lost Queen" is followed by the hidden track "Freq", which features uncredited vocals from JoJo

Personnel

 Pharrell Williams – lead vocals, keyboards, synthesizers, programming, drums, percussion, production, guitar
 Hans Zimmer – strings arrangement
 Kelly Osbourne – background vocals
 Justin Timberlake – vocals
 Timbaland – beatboxing
 Miley Cyrus – vocals
 Daft Punk – vocoder
 Francesco Yates – electric guitar  (credited as Francesco)
 JoJo – vocals
 Alicia Keys – vocals
 Thomas Bangalter (Daft Punk) – vocals
 Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo (Daft Punk) – vocals
 Tori Kelly – vocals
 Leah LaBelle – vocals
 Reah Dummett – additional vocals
 Brent Paschke – guitar
 Andrew Coleman – arranger, digital editing, engineer, electric guitar
 Mike Larson – arranger, coordination, digital editing, engineer
 Adrian Breakspear – engineer
 Nick Valentin – assistant engineer
 Jimmy Douglass – mixing
 Leslie Brathwaite – mixing
 Bob Ludwig – mastering
 Beau Vallis – assistant engineer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications and sales

Release history

References

2014 albums
Albums produced by Pharrell Williams
Columbia Records albums
Concept albums
Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album
Pharrell Williams albums


title: Joseph Echteler

text:
Joseph Anton Echteler (5 January 1853, in Legau – 23 December 1908, in Mainz) was a German sculptor.

Biography
Echteler was the son of the economist and baker Leonhard Echteler und Marianna von Sandholz. After tending to sheep and cattle up to age twelve, he learned the craft of stone masonry, carving, stuccowork and sculpting at a chiseler in Leutkirch im Allgäu. On his journeyman years he came to Stuttgart, where he visited the fine arts school. From November 1872 he continued his artistic education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich under Max von Widnmann and Joseph Knabl.

In Munich he first became known as a portrait artist who created medallions, reliefs and busts of famous stage artists, singers, artists, scholars, councillors, church dignitaries, diplomats, and royalty, after photographs. His work impressed by their great lifelikeness and careful execution. Soon he also executed tomb sculptures, religious and mythological sculptures, animals and group works.

In May 1884 Echteler left his Munich studio and moved together with his family to the U.S. where he worked primarily as a portrait artist. After President Grant died in 1885, it was decided to erect a monument and mausoleum to his memory in New York City. Echteler worked out and submitted a design, which was among the finalists in February 1887. He did not win the contest for the memorial however. In Autumn 1887 he returned to Munich. He created busts and badges of Europe's highest royalty and received numerous honors and awards. His total work comprises about 200 busts, among these Emperor Wilhelm, Franz Joseph, Alexander II and the kings of Bavaria and Württemberg.

Echteler was awarded the honorary title professor by Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz for his artistic work. As the Kingdom of Bavaria would not at first permit him to use the title because of its origin, the artist's complaints nearly led to a diplomatic crisis between Bavaria and the Principality of Reuss-Greiz in 1899. The matter was resolved by Echteler changing his citizenship to that of the Principality, which made it legally possible for him to use the title professor.

Among Echteler's best known students is Emil von Schlitz.

Marriages and children
Echteler, a Catholic was married three times. His first wife Dorathea, a Catholic (née Seybold born in Munich 28 November 1858) bore him three girls. Their fourth child, a long-awaited boy, was born dead late 1889 in Munich. Joseph's grief consumed him, losing his only born son. Joseph on 2 February 1890, sent Dora and their daughters Marie (born in Munich September 1878), Olga (born in Hoboken, New Jersey, USA August 1886) and Eda (born in Munich, July 1888) to America, with their understanding Joseph's design won the honor of him sculpting Grant's Tomb in NYC. Joseph never joined them, but sent his family under a pretext, then annulled his first Catholic marriage and married a divorced Protestant. His second wife was Elisabeth Fuchs (née Geret); they married 24 April 1890 and divorced 27 September 1904. Echteler married Anna Kramer a Protestant (née Nikolai, a widow) 18 November 1905.

Works (selection)

 Mater dolorosa
 Ecce homo
 Madonna
 Group after Walther von der Vogelweide
 Waisenschutz (group)
 Knabe mit Hund und Taube
 Pirithous' Kampf um Helena (colossal group in marble/bronze)
 Der Kampf um seinen Liebling
 Venus sich mit Rosen schmückend
 Herkules im Kampf mit dem Nemëischen Löwen
 Amazonenkämpfe zu Pferd
 Fürst von Sayn-Wittgenstein (portrait bust commissioned by the Tsar of Russia)
 1875 Johann Nepomuk von Nußbaum (portrait bust)
 1881 Venus mit dem gezähmten Löwen
 1881 Herakles nimmt der Amazonenkönigin Hipolyte das Wehrgehänge ab
 1881 Antiope und Theseus
 1883 Ignaz von Döllinger (portrait bust)
 1883–84 Charles Darwin (portrait bust, Metropolitan Museum of Art)
 1884 Mrs. Frank Leslie (portrait bust)
 1888 Konrad Maurer (portrait bust, National and University Library of Iceland)

Literature
 Hermann Alexander Müller: Biographisches Künstler-Lexikon, pages 108f. Leipzig 1908
 Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker et al.: Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, page 313. Leipzig 1914
 Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon, fifth edition of 1911
 Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon, volume 17, page 350
 Echteler's register entry at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts
 Dr. Hermann Alex. Müller, Biographisches Künstler-Lexikon, page 153, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig, 1882
 B. Volger: Deutschlands, Österreich-Ungarns und der Schweiz Gelehrte, Künstler und Schriftsteller in Wort und Bild, 1908, page 103
 Herrmann A. L. Degener: Wer ist's?'', 1905, page 298. Volume 4 of 1908, page 308

References

External links

 Bust of Charles Darwin in the Metropolitan Museum of Art

1853 births
1908 deaths
19th-century German sculptors
German male sculptors
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century German male artists


title: 5-Methylethylone

text:
5-Methylethylone (5-methyl-βk-MDEA, 5ME) is an empathogen, stimulant and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine, phenethylamine, and cathinone chemical classes.  It is structurally related to ethylone, a novel designer drug. Relatively little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 5-methylethylone, though it has been sold as a designer drug.

Legal status

United States
5-Methylethylone is unscheduled in the United States, but it is not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption. The state of Vermont lists it as a regulated drug.

See also
 5-Methyl-MDA
 Butylone
 Eutylone
 Ephylone
 Isohexylone
 Methylone
 N-Ethylhexylone

References

Cathinones
Benzodioxoles
Designer drugs
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents
Substituted amphetamines


title: Bringhi

text:
Bringhi may refer to:
Bringhi River, a river in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Bringhi (ship), an Egyptian ship sunk in 1942 in World War II
Bringhe, a rice dish from the Philippines