title: Loessl Sb.1 Münchener Eindecker

text:
The Sb.1 Münchener Eindecker, Loessl Sb.1 Münchener Eindecker, (monoplane from Munich), was a high-wing single-seat glider with an unusual method of pitch and roll control. It won prizes at the second Rhön competition held on the Wasserkuppe in 1921.

Design and development

The Sb.1 was designed by two engineering students from the Technische Universität München (Technical University of Munich), Ernst von Lößl/Loessl, (cousin of Eugen von Loessl killed at the Wasserkuppe on 9 August 1920) and Albert Finsterwalder. It was built by them with the assistance of the Munich branch of the Bayern Gliding Club during the winter of 1920–21. They were aware of the high-wing monoplane gliders that had been under development by Friedrich Harth, assisted by the teenage Willy Messerschmitt, since before 1915. By about 1920 Harth was convinced that long glider flights depended on energy capture from gusts (ridge and thermal lift was undiscovered) and the Harth-Messerschmitt designs were controlled in pitch by a variable angle of incidence wing and roll by wing warping. Its pilot had two levers, one for roll and the other for pitch. The tailplane was fixed. Lößl and Finsterwalder took these ideas a stage further by making the wings separately rotatable and controlled with a conventional column, which when moved sideways rotated the wings in opposite directions.  The fixed tailplane was retained but the conventional fin and rudder of the Harth-Messerschmitt was entirely removed; instead, yaw was controlled by the opening above and below the wing of little wing tip trailing edge double split flap airbrakes. This last feature did not work well so the brakes were replaced by a conventional, rectangular rudder; this was further modified later by adding a triangular tip, forming a balanced rudder. At the same time a fixed fin was added.

The Sb.1 had an open frame fuselage. A beam less than about  long served as a landing skid and supported the controls and the pilot's seat in front of a square cross-section fairing which converged in boat-tail fashion in plan and elevation to a point only a short distance aft of the skid.  From the beam a pair of struts converged above the wing, the rear one almost vertical. Two pairs of steel tube struts, attached to the top and bottom of the rear upright, spread out into Vs to support the rectangular plan tailplane. The rest of the structure was wire-braced.

The glider had a wire-braced, wooden, two part, three spar wing with the first spar forming the leading edge and the second the axis of rotation.  The wings had constant chord out to angled tips and a thick (16.7%) section. Like the tail surfaces, they were fabric covered. Each leading edge was linked by a short forward extension of the control column by a vertical, outward leaning pushrod providing rotations of up to ±10°.

Operational history
The second Rhön competition, held in 1921, attracted 46 entries, many more than in the previous year. About half arrived at the Wasserkuppe and not all of these flew. Prizes were awarded for total time in the air (same pilot, duration more than 15 seconds), minimum loss of height in a flight lasting more than 60 seconds) and greatest distance flown. A grand prize for the greatest flight duration lasting more than 5 minutes with a specified maximum altitude loss was not awarded.

Flown by Karl Koller, the Munich aircraft was very successful and was awarded first prize in the height loss and distance flown categories. Koller's greatest distance in one flight was . He was runner-up to Willi Pelzner in the duration category; Pelzner flew 57 flights on his own hang glider and 5 on the North-Baverian Aviation Society biplane. Nonetheless, Koller's total time of 31.6 minutes was made in only 25 flights and his average duration (76 seconds) was more than double that of the winner.  The Hannover Vampyr would have out-flown the others had it not been damaged after only a few flights, as its post-competition performance demonstrated.

At the next Rhön there were fifty-three entrants, ten of which had wings with adjustable incidence angles, including a Harth-Messerschmitt monoplane and the F.V.D. Doris.  The winner of the valuable Great Rhön Sailing Prize, the Hannover Vampyr which flew for over three hours, was not one of the ten.

Specifications (Münchener Eindecker)

See also

References

1920s German sailplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1921
High-wing aircraft


title: 2013–14 UConn Huskies women's ice hockey season

text:
The UConn Huskies women's ice hockey program represented the University of Connecticut Huskies during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season. Huskies alum Jessica Lutz competed for Switzerland at the 2014 Sochi Winter Games, earning a bronze medal.

Offseason

Recruiting

Exhibition

Awards and honors
Elaine Chuli, Hockey East Co-Goaltender of the Month, January 2014
Elaine Chuli, Hockey East Honorable Mention All-Star

Team Awards
Elaine Chuli, Huskies Most Valuable Player
Erin Burns, Unsung Hero Award
 Alexandra Lersch, Most Improved Player Award
Jessica Stott, Rookie of the Year
 Sarah MacDonnell. Pat Babcock Award

References

Connecticut
UConn Huskies women's ice hockey seasons
Conn
Connect
Connect


title: President's Medal for Shooting

text:
The President's Medal for Shooting was instituted by the President of the Republic of Ciskei in 1988, for award to champion shots.

The Ciskei Defence Force
The Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) was established upon that country's independence on 4 December 1981. The Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Ciskei Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The President's Medal for Shooting was instituted by the President of Ciskei in 1988.

Award criteria
The medal was awarded to champion shots.

Order of wear

Since the President's Medal for Shooting was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

Ciskei Defence Force until 26 April 1994

Official CDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Medal for Long Service, Bronze.
Ciskei official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Prisons Service Medal for Faithful Service.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the National Cadet Bisley Grand Champion Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the State President's Medal for Shooting of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the National Cadet Bisley Grand Champion Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the State President's Medal for Shooting of the Republic of Bophuthatswana.

The position of the President's Medal for Shooting in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1994, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first in April 1996 when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged on both occasions.

Description
Obverse
The President's Medal for Shooting is a medallion struck in nickel-silver, 38 millimetres in diameter and 3 millimetres thick with a raised rim, displaying two crossed military rifles within a wreath.

Reverse
The reverse is plain, with a raised rim and the inscription "INKCANI EYINTSHATSHELI KUMKHOSI WOKHUSELO WE CISKEI" in five lines.

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 3 millimetres wide white band, a 10 millimetres wide green band and a 2 millimetres wide white band, repeated in reverse order and separated by a 2 millimetres wide black band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the President's Medal for Shooting was discontinued when the Republic of Ciskei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.

References

Military decorations and medals of Ciskei
Awards established in 1988
Awards disestablished in 1994
Military awards and decorations for marksmanship
1988 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments in Africa


title: Solo (Solo album)

text:
Solo is the debut studio album by American R&B group Solo, released September 12, 1995 via Perspective Records. The album was executive produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, and it peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard 200.

Four singles were released from the album: "Heaven", "Where Do U Want Me to Put It", "He's Not Good Enough" and "Blowin' My Mind". "Heaven" is the group's highest chart appearance to date on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 42. The album contains covers of five songs originally recorded by Sam Cooke: "Another Saturday Night", "A Change Is Gonna Come", "Cupid", "Everybody Loves to Cha Cha Cha" and "(What a) Wonderful World". A cover of "Under the Boardwalk", originally recorded by The Drifters, was also included.

The album was certified gold by the RIAA on .

Track listing
 Songwriting and production credits adapted from liner notes.

Samples

A.
B.
C.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

1995 debut albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Perspective Records albums
Solo (American band) albums


title: Watermät

text:
Laurent Arriau (), known by his stage name Watermät, is a French musician, DJ and record producer, based in Soorts-Hossegor. His 2014 single "Bullit" appeared on the charts in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Australia and the UK.

Discography

Singles

*Did not appear on the official Belgian Ultratop 50 chart, but rather on the Ultratip chart.

References

French DJs
French record producers
Living people
Tropical house musicians
Electronic dance music DJs
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Fifth Angel (album)

text:
Fifth Angel is the first studio album by the American heavy metal band Fifth Angel. It was originally released in 1986. Musically, it shows much more resemblance to modern power metal than their other albums. After recording a four song demo in late 1983 and early 1984, which they sent to over 100 record labels, Mike Varney of Shrapnel Records signed the band and financed the recording of five additional songs and released the album in 1986. Epic Records re-released it in 1988 with new artwork.

The record was produced by Fifth Angel and Terry Date.

Track listing
All songs written by Pilot, Archer and Byrd except "Only the Strong Survive" by Pilot, Archer, Byrd, Mary

Personnel
Band Members
 Ted Pilot – lead vocals
 James Byrd – lead guitar, vocals
 Ed Archer – rhythm guitar, bass (uncredited) and vocals
 Ken Mary – drums, vocals
 Randy Hansen – bass (uncredited)
 Kenny Kay – bass (credited on original release, but does not play on the record)

Production
 Produced by Terry Date & Fifth Angel
 Recorded and mixed at Steve Lawson Productions
 Terry Date – engineer, mixing
 Mastered at Fantasy Studios
 George Horn – mastering
 Maarten De Boer – mastering
 Guy Aitchison – cover art
 Ed Archer – cover concept

Charts

References

1986 debut albums
Shrapnel Records albums
Fifth Angel albums


title: Conestogo Lake

text:
Conestogo Lake is an artificial lake on the Conestogo River in Wellington County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.  It is a reservoir with a flood control dam, and covers approximately 628 ha (1550 acres). 398 cottage lots are located around the lake.

History

Flood control measures had been first used in the 1890s and also by the construction of the Shand Dam that gave form to Lake Belwood in 1942, but a long term solution was still needed.

The dam was proposed by the then Grand River Conservation Commission in 1952, but construction did not begin until 1955 due to local disputes, Hurricane Hazel and lack of government funding during the Korean War.  Construction of the dam was completed in late 1957 (roadwork and other items not relating to the dam control were completed after) and officially opened in October 1958.

Impact

Besides lessened flooding the dam resulted in a number of roads cut off. Two roads were re-routed:

 Wellington County Road 11 was rerouted around dam north of Wellington County Road 45 with former section south of damn now called Sailing Club Road

 Leslie Lane is rerouted via Wellington County Road 3, 5 and 10 over two sections

A few roads are now severed and some with sections with different names:

 Side Road 15 is severed with no rerouting or renaming

 Selinger Road west of dam and 4 Line east of the dam
 Concession Road 6 west of dam and 6 Line east of dam

Land was also lost with areas now under water. While impact was minimal to Quarindale and Kumpfville, parts of the former village of Hollen are now underwater.

Conestogo Lake Conservation Area

Conestogo Lake Conservation Area is a recreation area located at the south end of Conestogo Lake near the community of Glen Allan and managed by the Grand River Conservation Authority. Most activities involves use of the lake and during non-winter months. The conservation area hosts snowmobile trails during the winter months when snow is present. Access to the facility is made via Wellington County Road 11.

References

Lakes of Ontario


title: Pete Steinkopf

text:
Pete Steinkopf is an American guitarist, songwriter and music producer who is a founder of the punk rock band The Bouncing Souls.

Career
Steinkopf founded The Bouncing Souls in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1989.  Since that time, the band released ten studio albums, two live albums, one compilation album, nine ep/singles and eight split releases.
In 2010, with the Build & Burn album from The Loved Ones,  Steinkopf began his career in producing and engineering albums. Since then, he has worked with Brian Fallon of The Gaslight Anthem, Dave Hause, Beach Slang, Nathan Gray of Boy Sets Fire and The Menzingers.

Steinkopf primarily works out of his studio, Little Eden, as well as The Lake House studio, both in Asbury Park, New Jersey.

Discography

References

 The Bouncing Souls
 The Bouncing Souls reflect on 15 years of 'Hopeless Romantic'
 The 25 most influential people in New Jersey music
 https://marshallamps.com/artists/t/the-bouncing-souls-pete-steinkopf/
 http://riotfest.org/2018/03/beach-rats/
 https://www.culturecreature.com/beach-rats-band-interview/
 Smalltalk (members of Bouncing Souls, Worthless United) - "Holding Out" video premiere
 Smalltalk soars on 'Plus!' collection
 Seaside Caves, Hope, 2016
 Nathan Gray – As the waves crash down (Song) - that new music blog
 Lenny Lashley shines on 'Illuminator'
 Snowbird EP, by The Moms
 Luther announce 'Let's Get You Somewhere Else'
 Bouncing Souls - How I Spent My Summer Vacation
 Pete Steinkopf
 http://www.goingofftrack.com/2016/07/27/pete-steinkopf/
 http://www.audiomediainternational.com/recording/wsdg-designed-lakehouse-studios-goes-live/0587
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kArZ_2GBMsU
 http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2016/08/the_25_most_influential_people_in_new_jersey_music.html
 Born to riff: The 17 greatest New Jersey guitarists
 https://www.punknews.org/review/13659/twopointeight-from-wires
 http://www.thevinyldistrict.com/asburypark/2011/04/recording-with-the-pete-from-the-bouncing-souls/
 https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/rank-your-records-the-bouncing-souls-pete-steinkopf
 https://https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F/amp/s/journeyofafrontman.com/2015/06/16/on-the-line-with-pete-steinkopf-of-the-bouncing-souls/amp/
 http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-bouncing-souls-m0000621101/biography
 https://www.punknews.org/article/44038/interviews-the-bouncing-souls
 http://dothebay.com/events/2017/4/22/cock-sparrer-off-with-their-heads-lenny-lashley-s-gang-of-one-suede-razors
 https://www.panicstaterecords.com/collections/the-scandals
 https://brianmcgeemusic.bandcamp.com/album/ruin-creek-2
 http://www.itsaliverecords.com/releases103.htm
 http://speakimge.com/tag/pete-steinkopf/
 http://thegiant.org/wiki/index.php/The_Bouncing_Souls
 https://www.punknews.org/article/48476/luther-announce-lets-get-you-somewhere-else
 http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2016/08/the_25_most_influential_people_in_new_jersey_music.html

Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American punk rock guitarists
American male songwriters
American record producers


title: Wilhelm Mönkemeyer

text:
Wilhelm Mönkemeyer (24 December 1862, in Stadtoldendorf – 1 March 1938, in Leipzig) was a German bryologist.

In 1883–85 he worked as a botanical collector in tropical Africa (present-day Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Nigeria). In 1887 he began work as an Obergehilfe (upper assistant) at the botanical garden of Göttingen and from 1889 to 1928 served as a garden inspector at the botanical garden in Leipzig.

His moss herbarium was sold to the Botanical Institute in Hamburg. Taxa with the specific epithet of moenkemeyeri commemorate his name, an example being Riccia moenkemeyeri.

Selected writings
 Die Sumpf- und Wasserpflanzen ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Verwendung, (Marsh and aquatic plants, their description, culture and use); (1897).
 Bryales (mosses). - In: A. Pascher, Süsswasser-flora. Deutschlands, Österreichs und der Schweiz. Gustav Fischer, Jena. 14: 39-168, (1914).
 Die Laubmoose Europas (The mosses of Europe). - In: L. Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 2nd Edition, Volume 4, Supplement. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig. 960 pp. (1927)
 Bryales (mosses). - In: A. Pascher: Süßwasser-flora Mitteleuropas, 2nd edition, Gustav Fischer, Jena. 14: 47-197. (1931).

References

1862 births
1938 deaths
20th-century German botanists
Bryologists
People from Holzminden (district)
19th-century German botanists


title: Abu Waheeb

text:
Shaker Wahib al-Fahdawi al-Dulaimi (1986 – May 6, 2016), better known as Abu Waheeb ("Father of Waheeb"; Arabic: أبو وهيب), was a leader of the Islamic State in Anbar, Iraq. He killed three Syrian truck drivers in Iraq in the summer of 2013, and was himself killed, with three others, in a United States-led coalition airstrike in May 2016, according to the US Department of Defense.

Biography
Fahdawi was born in 1986. In 2006, while studying computer science at the University of Anbar, he was arrested by US forces on charges of belonging to Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Following his arrest, Fahdawi was detained by US forces at the Camp Bucca detention facility in southern Iraq until 2009, when he was sentenced to death and moved to Tikrit Central Prison in the Saladin Governorate.

Fahdawi was one of 110 detainees who escaped the prison in 2012, following a riot and an attack by forces from the Islamic State of Iraq. He had learnt from the senior ISIS leaders he had been imprisoned with, and he became a field commander in Anbar province after his release. Iraqi officials blamed him for a long list of terror-related offences and put a $50,000 bounty on him.

By 2014, Fahdawi was playing an important role in leading combat operations of the group, now known as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, in Anbar.

Death
On May 6, 2016, the Pentagon said Abu Waheeb was killed along with three others in a vehicle by a US airstrike near Rutba.

Orlando nightclub shooting

According to transcripts, Omar Mateen, the perpetrator of the Orlando nightclub shooting, said that the attack was a response to the killing of Abu Waheeb. Mateen stated his attack was "triggered" by a May 6, 2016 U.S. bombing strike that killed Abu Waheeb. Mateen's words were: "That's what triggered it, OK? They should have not bombed and killed Abu [Waheeb]."

References

1986 births
2016 deaths
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members from Iraq
Escapees from Iraqi detention
Members of al-Qaeda in Iraq
Assassinated ISIL members
Deaths by airstrike during the Syrian civil war


title: List of songs written by Jack Keller

text:
This is a list of songs written by Jack Keller.  Keller (1936–2005) was an American songwriter whose work spans six decades.

Notes
 French language version by Keller/Goffin/Roblin
 BMI credits Goffin-Keller, Songwriters Hall of Fame credits Goffin-King
 Unreleased
 record label for Arena Twins lists songwriting credit as "B. Mann - N. Sherman"
 the "wild gypsy brass band version" of "One Way Ticket (To The Blues)"
 Brazilian, translation by Fred Jorge
 as "Dansez Le Turkey Trot", translation by Donald Lautrec
 also as "Passaje De Ida"

References

Keller, Jack


title: Boxing at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 56 kg

text:
The men's bantamweight (56 kilograms) event at the 2010 Asian Games took place from 16 to 26 November 2010 at Lingnan Mingzhu Gymnasium, Foshan, China.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
RSC — Won by referee stop contest
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outscored
WO — Won by walkover

Final

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
Official website

Men's 056


title: California Report Card

text:
The California Report Card (CRC) is a mobile-optimized web application designed to promote public involvement in the California government. Developed by Prof. Ken Goldberg and the CITRIS Data and Democracy Initiative at UC Berkeley with California Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom, version 1.0 was released in January 2014. On the CRC site, participants are encouraged to grade California on a scale from A+ to F on six timely topics and to propose their own suggestions of issues that merit attention at the state level. The CRC is a form of E-democracy, structuring and streamlining communication from the California residents to their elected officials.

History

The CRC builds on aspects of two earlier programs: Opinion Space and the World Bank's Citizen Report Card.

Opinion Space, developed at UC Berkeley between 2009 and 2011, is a social media technology developed to assist communities in exchanging ideas and opinions concerning current issues and policies. From 2010 to 2014, the US State Department used a version of Opinion Space to solicit suggestions on foreign policy from participants around the world. The CRC augments the Opinion Space platform, and applies its techniques of deliberative polling, collaborative filtering and multidimensional visualization. The CRC moves Opinion Space to a mobile-optimized platform and builds on the original system by adding a citizen report card.

The World Bank first developed “citizen report cards” in Bangalore, India in 1993. These report cards work to stimulate public feedback on government actions and prompt individuals to express their opinions and ideas. The report cards allow for participants to assess the ideas of others and bring popular suggestions to the attention of elected leaders. The goals of the CRC are quite similar to those of the Citizen Report Cards.

Gavin Newsom's first book, Citizenville: How to Take the Town Square Digital and Reinvent Government, published in 2013, argues for the value of projects like the CRC. Citizenville contrasts the powerful and innovative role of technology in the lives of everyday citizens and the comparatively traditional policies of the government. Newsom emphasizes the potential for technological growth and expansion in the California government. Today's technology offers a plethora of ways to connect the public directly to the government. Citizenville stresses that modern technology should be utilized to foster and enhance political participation. Newsom played an active role in development of the CRC and worked closely with the team at UC Berkeley. Newsom commented: “The California Report Card is a new way for me to keep an ear to the ground.  This new app/website makes it easy for Californians to assign grades suggest pressing issues that merit our attention.  In the first months, participants conveyed that they approve of our rollout of Obamacare but are very concerned about the future of California schools and universities.  There was also statewide support for increased attention to Disaster Preparedness, so this has become one of my top priorities."

The CRC is an application of the greater “CAFE” platform, an acronym for the Collective Assessment and Feedback Engine, and began development in earnest with the support of Newsom. Professor of engineering and Faculty Director of the Data and Democracy Initiative Ken Goldberg leads the CAFE team at UC Berkeley. Separate applications of the same platform in areas such as disaster preparedness, measurement of online learning, and humanitarian interventions are in development.

Features

Participants are first directed to grade the six current topics. The median grade is revealed as users enter their grades. Participants then submit their zip codes and enter an online “café”. The page design draws on the metaphor of the café in which users can discuss their suggestions and opinions over a cup of coffee. Participants click on the mugs and read the ideas of other users, grading the importance and relevance of each suggestion. After evaluating two other suggestions, participants are prompted to enter their own textual submissions.

Each mug represents a participant. The mugs are placed on the table using principal component analysis (PCA). The sampling algorithm used to place mugs favors suggestions that have fewer votes, ensuring that each idea is sufficiently graded. The CRC system tracks the standard error of the grades for each mug, and places each suggestion strategically in an effort to equalize the standard error overall.

Version 1.0

The CRC's first version was released on January 28, 2014. Version 1.0 included six issues for participants to grade within the following categories: Healthcare, Education, Marriage Equality, Immigrant Rights, and Marijuana Decriminalization.  As of June 2014, over 8,000 people from every county in California have assigned approximately 25,000 grades. The data collected from version 1.0 of the CRC has been organized and posted on the official website. The next version will be released fall of 2014 and the CRC team plans to implement a Spanish version of the platform as well.

Version 2.0
Officially released on 23 September, National Voter Registration Day, Version 2.0 of the California Report Card is designed to engage the 30% of Californians who speak Spanish at home.  All content is now available in English and Spanish, with rapid translation of new input and a streamlined new graphic design.

References

External links
The California Report Card
"Let's Amplify California's Collective Intelligence"

Government of California
Web applications
Gavin Newsom


title: Health World Inc.

text:
Health World Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 1993 in Barrington, Illinois. Health World's mission is to promote health and safety education by providing children with the information they need to build healthy lives.

Health World was founded by a group of community residents led by Peter Rusin, CEO of JFK Medical Center at the time. The rising number of health-related issues confronting children and adolescents concerned this group of community leaders. They chose to focus and build health curriculums dedicated specifically to the needs of children pre-K through 8th grade.

In 1995 Health World opened the $12 million, 85,000 square foot children's museum JFK Health World in Chicago, Illinois.  Health World has since taught over 4,000,000 kids about making healthy choices. The museum would teach kids about making correct health choices, as well as give safety information and lectures to kids, such as teaching the Heimlich maneuver.  In 2006 Health World expanded its regional education efforts when it closed the museum and transitioned to outreach education. In 2013 Health World made its pre-K through 8th grade programs and education resources available nationwide via an online eLearning platform. Currently Health World programs are being utilized by educators in all 50 states.

References

Health education in the United States
Health charities in the United States
Charities based in Illinois
Medical and health organizations based in Illinois

501(c)(3) organizations


title: Campsomeriella

text:
Campsomeriella is a genus of the family Scoliidae, also known as the scoliid wasps. They are generally parasites of beetle larvae, most often of Scarabaeidae.

Species List
Campsomeriella agilis (Smith, 1859)
Campsomeriella annulata (Fabricius, 1793)
Campsomeriella annulata sakaguchii (Uchida, 1933)
Campsomeriella burmeisteri (Betrem, 1928)
Campsomeriella caelebs (Sichel, 1864)
Campsomeriella cameroni (Betrem, 1928)
Campsomeriella collaris (Fabricius, 1775)
Campsomeriella collaris insularis (Gupta & Jonathan, 2003)
Campsomeriella collaris quadrifasciata (Fabricius, 1798)
Campsomeriella cultrata (Kirby, 1894)
Campsomeriella dimidiatipennis (Saussure, 1855)
Campsomeriella fax (Bradley, 1936)
Campsomeriella hirticollis (Fabricius, 1804)
Campsomeriella hirticollis bemsteini (Betrem, 1928)
Campsomeriella hirticollis diversipennis (Gribodo, 1893)
Campsomeriella hirticollis micans (Guerin, 1830)
Campsomeriella hirticollis problematica (Betrem, 1928)
Campsomeriella ilanensis (Tsuneki, 1972)
Campsomeriella kiogaensis (Betrem, 1972)
Campsomeriella litoralis (Krombein, 1995)
Campsomeriella madonensis (Buysson, 1910)
Campsomeriella madonensis transvaalensis (Cameron, 1910)
Campsomeriella madonensis zambiensis (Betrem, 1972)
Campsomeriella manokwariensis (Cameron, 1906)
Campsomeriella manokwariensis kraussi (Krombein, 1973)
Campsomeriella manokwariensis lanhami (Krombein, 1963)
Campsomeriella manokwariensis manni (Krombein, 1963)
Campsomeriella ornaticollis (Cameron, 1909)
Campsomeriella pseudocollaris (Betrem, 1972)
Campsomeriella rajasthanica (Gupta & Jonathan, 2003)
Campsomeriella rubromarginata (Betrem, 1972)
Campsomeriella sauteri (Beirem, 1928)
Campsomeriella sauteri berlandi (Beirem, 1928)
Campsomeriella thoracica (Fabricius, 1787)
Campsomeriella thoracica senilis (Fabricius, 1793)
Campsomeriella torquata (Betrem & Bradley, 1972)
Campsomeriella wetterensis (Betrem, 1928)

References

Parasitic wasps
Hymenoptera genera
Scoliidae


title: YEC (car)

text:
YEC (Yorkshire Engine Company) was a British motor car. Approximately 50 cars were manufactured in Sheffield from 190708.

History
The Yorkshire Engine Company originally made trams and steam locomotives, but in 1907 began production of automobiles branded 'YEC'. They used Daimler engines, but a legal dispute with the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft ended production in 1908 after approximately 50 vehicles had been built.

Models
Sources describe a 30 HP Mercedes engine model, with front mounted engine and chain-drive to the rear axle; and a model with a 31/55 HP, 8 litre, four-cylinder engine which appeared in 1909.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

Other sources
 Harald Linz, Halwart Schrader: The International Motor Encyclopedia. : United Soft Media Verlag, Munich 2008, .
 George Nick Georgano (chief editor): The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Volume 3: . P-Z Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001,  . (English)

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Defunct companies based in Sheffield


title: 2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake

text:
The 2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred on 23 June at 11:53 HDT (UTC-9) with a moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock occurred in the Aleutian Islands – part of the US state of Alaska –  southeast of  Little Sitkin Island.

Earthquake

The earthquake was initially reported as 8.0  before it was downgraded to 7.9. The rupture was on a normal fault, at ~107 km depth. Based on the geometry of the slab, and the relative movement of the tectonic plates, the slip vector is likely to have been oblique down-dip towards the ESE. The fault plane appears to be oblique, striking NW-SE and cutting steeply into the subducting slab.

Tsunami
A tsunami warning was issued, but was soon downgraded to a tsunami advisory for much of the Aleutian Islands; however, the hypocenter was too deep to generate a tsunami that would affect the Pacific basin. A small non-destructive tsunami was generated, with heights of 17 cm on Amchitka.

See also
 List of earthquakes in 2014
 List of earthquakes in Alaska
 List of earthquakes in the United States

References

Sources

External links

  M7.9 Rat Islands Earthquake of June 23, 2014  Alaska Earthquake Center (archived)

2014 earthquakes
2014 in Alaska
Aleutian 2014
2014 tsunamis


title: Boxing at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 60 kg

text:
The men's lightweight (60 kilograms) event at the 2010 Asian Games took place from 17 to 25 November 2010 at Lingnan Mingzhu Gymnasium, Foshan, China.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
RSC — Won by referee stop contest

Final

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
Official website

Men's 060


title: Spring Rain

text:
Spring Rain may refer to:

spring rain

Art
Spring Rain, 1911, silk screen painting by Kawai Gyokudō
Spring Rain, 1912, painting by John Sloan in Delaware Art Museum
Spring Rain, 1963, painting by Vasily Golubev
Spring Rain, 1992, sculpture by Mark di Suvero in Technoseum, Mannheim

Books
Spring Rain, 1942 Bernard Malamud bibliography
Spring Rain, 1992 first science fiction story of John Meaney

Japan
Harusame (春雨 Spring-rain) Japanese cellophane noodles
Harusame (disambiguation) (春雨 Spring-rain)
Haru no ame (春の雨 Spring Rain) Japanese film by Hiroshi Shimizu (director)

Music

Albums
Spring Rain (album) by Canadian composer Hennie Bekker

Songs
"Spring Rain" (Pat Boone song), 1960
Spring Rain (Bebu Silvetti song) "Lluvia De Primavera" instrumental 1975, theme of The Love Experts
Spring Rain (Max song)
"Spring Rain (Go-Betweens song)", song by	The Go-Betweens 1986 from Liberty Belle and the Black Diamond Express and Bellavista Terrace: Best of The Go-Betweens
"Spring Rain", song by	Ottmar Liebert from La Semana 2004
"Spring Rain", Korean song by Ji-hye in Brilliant Legacy (찬란한 유산) TV series soundtrack
"Bom Bi" (봄비, Spring Rain), Korean tune by Baek Ji-young in Gu Family Book (구가의 서) TV series soundtrack


title: Invergarry railway station

text:
Invergarry Railway Station is situated in the Highlands of Scotland at the southern end of Loch Oich, on the eastern side, and not far from the Laggan swing bridge over the Caledonian canal.  It is about  from the village of Invergarry.

History
The station was opened on 22 July 1903. The station was provided with a water column. The company appointed James Morrison as station master. The station was operated by the Highland Railway from 1903 to 1907, and then by the North British Railway until 1922. From 1923 it was operated by the London and North Eastern Railway.

In September 1905, King Edward VII travelled over the line from Spean Bridge to Invergarry with George Cadogan, 5th Earl Cadogan and Countess Cadogan. The station at Invergarry was specially decorated for the occasion. The King was visiting Lord and Lady Burton at Glenquoich Lodge.

The station closed to passenger services on 1 December 1933, although the line remained open for goods traffic until 31 December 1946.

The station is now being restored by the Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway Museum, and the site includes a short length of track.

References

External links
 Invergarry station on navigable O. S. map
 Invergarry Station Preservation Society
 Disused Stations - Invergarry

Disused railway stations in Highland (council area)
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1903
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1911
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1913
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1933
1911 disestablishments in Scotland
1913 establishments in Scotland
1903 establishments in Scotland
1933 disestablishments in Scotland


title: First Women's Bank of California

text:
The First Women's Bank of California was a local Los Angeles bank dedicated to helping women save money and establish credit. It operated from 1976 until its sale in 1984.
The bank was founded by a group of area businesswomen, which included Virginia Mullan, Laura Liswood, Cappy Fogel, Betty Lessner, Veryl Mortenson, Lee Agajanian, Dianne Freestone (Modisett) Kully, Helene Beck and Julann Griffin.  Griffin is the former wife of producer/entertainer Merv Griffin, and she was instrumental in convincing celebrities to buy stock in the bank and open accounts.  Florence Henderson was the bank's first customer, and eventually Jane Fonda, Loretta Swit, Phyllis Diller, Farrah Fawcett and Anne Bancroft all had accounts there. The bank's mission was expressly feminist.  The bank's board of directors believed that many women did not have enough experience with personal finance or the same access to credit as men.  The bank therefore focused on helping women manage their money, especially after divorce.

Ironically, when the Board first searched for a CEO they were unable to find a qualified woman.  Therefore, Rowan Henry, a man, was hired.  By late 1976, more than $1.5 million in stock had been sold to about 1300 shareholders, 63% of whom were women.

Asked in the Occidental College Alumni magazine what it means to be a bank for women, Board member Dianne Modisett answered, "It means that we eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex.  An individual must still qualify for credit or a loan, but if she doesn't, we want to assist her in becoming qualified… It doesn't make any difference to us whether the woman is single, married, divorced or widowed."
The First Women's Bank struggled to broaden its appeal beyond a small, politically-engaged customer base.  In 1984, it was sold for $2.7 million and reorganized as the Guaranty Bank of California, now GBC International Bank.

References

External links
 https://www.gbcib.com/History.htm
 Anne Crittenden (August 8, 1980) "5 years along and into the black, women's banks see an end", The Miami News, p. 10A.

Defunct banks of the United States
Banks based in California
Feminism in California
Banks established in 1976
1976 establishments in California
Banks disestablished in 1984
1984 disestablishments in California


title: Wyvern Light Car

text:
Wyvern Light Car Co.Ltd. was a British automobile manufacturer which traded from 1913–1914 in Twickenham, then in Middlesex (now a part of London). The cyclecar was powered by a four-cylinder, in-line, 10.53 hp. Chapuis-Dornier engine driving the rear wheels.

See also
 List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom

References

David Culshaw & Peter Horrobin: The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895-1975. Veloce Publishing plc. Dorchester (1997).

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
Cyclecars
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in London


title: The Bullfighter Dies

text:
"The Bullfighter Dies" is a song by English singer Morrissey. It is the seventh track on his World Peace Is None of Your Business album and was released as the fourth single off the album via digital download on 17 June 2014, through Harvest and Capitol Records. On 8 January 2015, Morrissey advised fans that a 45 of "The Bullfighter Dies" was scheduled for a global release by Harvest, but was scrapped by Steve Barnett at the last minute. The B-side was to be the original French mix of the song "One of Our Own".

Due to changes in global music consumption, the physical versions of the first four singles from this album were released together as one 10" vinyl.

Music video
The accompanying music video, directed by Natalie Johns, coincided with the release of the digital download. As with the preceding videos from the album, it is presented in spoken word. The spoken word video had previously leaked online on 18 May 2014.

Track listing
Digital download
 "The Bullfighter Dies" – 2:03

Critical reception
Spin magazine commented on the song, stating that "it's a brief but stirring two minutes, packed with sunny guitar leads and Moz's charming lilt. In short, it's a whole lot less morose than the downcast spoken word video might have led you to believe."

Personnel
 Morrissey – vocals

Additional musicians
 Boz Boorer – guitar
 Jesse Tobias – guitar
 Solomon Walker – bass
 Matthew Walker – drums
 Gustavo Manzur – keyboards

Technical personnel
 Joe Chiccarelli – production

References

2014 songs
2014 singles
Morrissey songs
Harvest Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs written by Jesse Tobias
Songs written by Morrissey
Songs about animal rights
Songs about occupations
Songs about death


title: Time Will Tell (Fifth Angel album)

text:
Time Will Tell is the second album by American heavy metal band Fifth Angel, released in 1989. It was produced by Terry Brown, and was Fifth Angel's last full-length studio album for 29 years, until the release of The Third Secret in 2018.

Track listing

Personnel
 Ted Pilot – lead vocals
 Kendall Bechtel – lead guitar
 Ed Archer – rhythm guitar, keyboards
 John Macko – bass, keyboards
 Ken Mary – drums

Additional musicians
 Carol Howell – keyboards programming
 Scott Humphrey – keyboards programming
 Lisa Dal Bello – backing vocals on tracks 4 and 10

Production
 Terry Brown – producer
 Mixed at Metalworks Studios
 Noel Golden – engineer, mixing
 Artie Smith – drum technician
 Stephen Byram – art direction
 Amy Guip – illustration
 Derek Simon – management

References

1989 albums
CBS Records albums
Fifth Angel albums


title: Plaza Francia

text:
Plaza Francia may refer to

Plaza Francia, Buenos Aires, Argentina, a public square
Plaza Intendente Alvear, commonly but mistakenly known as Plaza Francia
Plaza Francia (Caracas), Venezuela, a public space
Plaza Francia (band), later the Plaza Francia Orchestra


title: Yamuna Prasad Shastri

text:
Yamuna Prasad Shastri was a member of Lok Sabha from Rewa, Madhya Pradesh. He was member of Bharatiya Lok Dal later on changed alliance with Janata Party. He was also a member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
He participated  in  the Goa Liberation Movement in
1955 and lost his right eye vision due to torture  by  Portuguese  police and later in March 1975 became totally blind. Many schools and colleges have been dedicated in his memory.

References

1927 births
Indian blind people
Goa liberation activists
India MPs 1977–1979
Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
People from Rewa district
1997 deaths
India MPs 1989–1991
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1967–1972
Praja Socialist Party politicians
Blind politicians
Indian politicians with disabilities
Janata Party politicians
Janata Dal politicians
Blind activists
Indian activists with disabilities


title: Boxing at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 64 kg

text:
The men's light welterweight (64 kilograms) event at the 2010 Asian Games took place from 16 to 26 November 2010 at Lingnan Mingzhu Gymnasium, Foshan, China.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
RSCI — Won by referee stop contest injury

Final

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
Official website

Men's 064


title: The Skanner

text:
The Skanner or The Skanner News is an African-American newspaper covering the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Its head office is in Portland, Oregon, with an additional office in Seattle, Washington. Prior to discontinuing regular print publication in 2020, it published three formats: a daily website at theskanner.com, a weekly printed newspaper, plus a facsimile of the printed edition online.

Bernard Foster started the paper in 1975. He became part-owner of the Northwest Dispatch in Tacoma, Washington in 1985, and launched a Seattle edition of the Skanner in 1996.

Foster served as secretary of the West Coast Black Publishers Association as early as 1983. In 1992, Foster, then president of the organization, announced a deal with Nordstrom to spend $220,000 on advertising in 20 Black papers in the west.

About
In this era of concentration of media ownership The Skanner News is proving to be one of few remaining privately-owned newspapers.

The Skanner'''s own reporters investigate the issues of all minorities in the Pacific Northwest, but the publication's subject matter also covers national and world news.The Skanner faces-off against government or large institutions that are treating minorities unfairly. It debates on the racial issues around gentrification, education and police accountability.

Each week The Skanner publishes one or more opinion articles by: Benjamin Chavis, Marian Wright Edelman, Earl Ofari Hutchinson, Jesse Jackson, Julianne Malveaux, Marc Morial or Al Sharpton.

The publication also features book reviews, film reviews and celebrity interviews from an African American perspective by Kam Williams.

The major state newspaper, The Oregonian, often publishes items from The Skanner on its website Oregon Live.

MissionThe Skanner views its products as a tool for the community to learn about what is happening around it, as well as giving readers an opportunity to voice their opinion. The Skanner is dedicated to advancing the Black Press in the Northwestern United States. The Skanner mission statement is "Challenging People to Shape a Better Future Now".

HistoryThe Skanner has published news in Portland since October 1975 and Seattle since 1990.

It was founded in 1975 by owners Bernie Foster and Bobbie Doré Foster, being inspired by the teachings of Martin Luther King Jr. It still publishes a special issue each January and holds a Martin Luther King celebratory breakfast where it gives college scholarships for academic achievement.

In 1979, the building was badly burned and much of its stock and equipment was destroyed. However the owners continued the paper's publication. Some suspected arson but it was not proved.

In 1989, The Skanner began campaigning for the renaming of Portland's Union Avenue to Martin Luther King Boulevard. The campaign was successful.

In 2009, the newspaper's owners installed security cameras on their head office in North Portland, to monitor an adjacent hot spot of drug deals and shootings, and made sure loiterers knew they were being watched. When crime went down by 50 percent, cops credited the decline in part to the paper's vigilance.

Since 2012, The Skanner'' has displayed a solar meter to chart the energy it is harnessing from the extensive banks of solar cells the owners had installed on the roof and awning of their North Killingsworth building.

In early 2020, the media organization stopped publishing regular print editions, but has continued to publish online. In 2023, the newspaper sold it's office building in Humboldt, Portland.

References

External links
 Baltimore News article, business section Retrieved 2014-06-30
 TheSkanner.com daily news, Retrieved 2014-04-19

1975 establishments in Oregon
African-American history in Portland, Oregon
African-American history in Seattle
African-American newspapers of Oregon
Newspapers published in Portland, Oregon
Newspapers published in Washington (state)
Newspapers established in 1975
Weekly newspapers published in the United States
African-American history of Oregon


title: Cranichis muscosa

text:
Cranichis muscosa, the cypress-knee helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid. It is widespread across most of the West Indies, extending into Central America, southern Mexico, Belize, northern South America, and southern Florida.

References

External links

US Department of Agriculture plants profile
IOSPE orchid photos, Cranichis muscosa Sw. 1788 Photo © by Prem Subrahmanyam and his The Florida Native Blog
Plants of Saint Lucia, wild flowering plants, Cranichis muscosa
Plants of the Eastern Caribbean, Cranichis muscosa
Swiss Orchid Foundation at the Herbarium Jany Renz, Cranichis muscosa
Lachaussette Rouge, Cranichis muscosa photo gallery
Florida Native Orchid Blog, Friday, February 6, 2009, hanging on by thread, Cranichis muscosa

Cranichidinae
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Orchids of South America
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Florida
Flora of the Caribbean
Plants described in 1788
Taxa named by Olof Swartz


title: Plaza Francia Orchestra

text:
Plaza Francia Orchestra is an international musical project of a trio of famous  musicians made up of Argentine Eduardo Makaroff and Swiss Christoph H. Müller both from Gotan Project as well as Catherine Ringer (from French band Les Rita Mitsouko) as main vocalist.

History

Originally founded as Plaza Francia post the release of the 2010 Gotan Project album Tango 3.0, Eduardo Makaroff and Christoph H. Müller collaborated with vocalist Catherine Ringer which resulted in their 7 April 2014 release A New Tango Song Book. The album came with critical acclaim and a commercial success in France also charting in Belgium.

In 2018 Plaza Francia changed its name to Plaza Francia Orchestra and released a self titled album featuring Catherine Ringer, Lura and Maria Muliterno on vocals. They also collaborated on this record with Argentine musicians Pablo Gignoli and Sebastian Volco. The album cover was designed by Argentine artist Antonio Segui who was based in Paris.

Today, Plaza Francia Orchestra continue to continue to tour, where they perform the repertoire as well as tracks released by Eduardo Makaroff and Christoph H. Müller under the moniker Müller & Makaroff.

Band name
The band was named after Plaza Francia - a real square in the chic Recoleta district of Buenos Aires that was built to celebrate the  friendship between France and Argentina, where Makaroff used to hang out with his counter-cultural mates, smoking weed in the 1970s.

Discography

Albums

References

External links
Plaza Francia official website
Plaza Francia Facebook
Catherine Ringer official website
Müller and Makaroff official website

Tango music groups
Musical groups from Paris
French musical groups


title: Boxing at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 69 kg

text:
The men's welterweight (69 kilograms) event at the 2010 Asian Games took place from 17 to 25 November 2010 at Lingnan Mingzhu Gymnasium, Foshan, China.

Schedule
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

Results
Legend
RSC — Won by referee stop contest
RSCO — Won by referee stop contest outscored
WO — Won by walkover

Final

Top half

Bottom half

References

External links
Official website

Men's 069


title: Paracossus furcatus

text:
Paracossus furcatus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Burma.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Neurocossus khmer

text:
Neurocossus khmer is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cambodia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Paracossus longispinalis

text:
Paracossus longispinalis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in China.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


The Official Compilation of Federal Legislation (AS) (, AS; , RO; , RU) is the federal government gazette of Switzerland. All Swiss federal laws and ordinances, as well as amendments to them, enter into force by chronological publication in the AS/RO/RU.

Federal laws only become legally binding when published in the Official Compilation, as opposed to the Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation, which by itself does not confer force of law (art. 8 PublA).

It is issued in the three official languages of Switzerland: German, French and Italian, and regulated by the Publications Act. All three language editions are equally valid. It is published by the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland in the form of weekly supplements to loose leaf binders. Since 1999, they have been also made available on the Internet in PDF format.

Contents
The Official Compendium of Federal Law publishes in principle all federal legislation:

 The Enactments of the Confederation (art. 2 PublA), i.e. the Federal Constitution, federal laws, ordinances of the Federal Assembly, ordinances of the Federal Council, certain federal decrees and other normative acts issued by federal authorities as well as by organizations or persons under public or private law who are entrusted with administrative tasks but who are not strictly speaking part of the federal administration.
 International treaties and international law decrees (art. 3 PublA), mainly international treaties and decisions of international and supranational organizations that are binding on Switzerland and contain legal rules.
 Agreements between the Confederation and the cantons and between cantons (art. 4 PublA)

Organs
The Official Publications Centre (OPC) of the Federal Chancellery publishes this collection as and when texts are promulgated (art. 1 para. 1 of the Ordinance on Official Publications).

Modalities of publication
Texts are published at least five days before they come into force (ordinary publication; art. 7 al. 1 PublA). If this is not possible due to urgency or extraordinary circumstances, a text can be published beforehand in another way (extraordinary publication; art. 7 al. 3 PublA). These texts are for example federal laws that have been declared urgent and that must enter into force immediately (art. 165 of the Swiss constitution). All these acts are published in the Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation under the number "105 Emergency Legislation".

Exceptions
Exceptionally, publication may be waived for acts and international treaties that must be kept secret for reasons of national security (art. 8 PublA), or that are not suitable for AS, for example when they concern only a small number of people or are technical in nature (art. 5 PublA). In the latter case, the publication in the AS is replaced by a simple reference to the organ in which the publication took place or from which the text can be ordered (art. 1 and art. 2 PublA).

For some years now, although not provided for by law, practice has also imposed this system of simple reference for texts of European law published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) and which are binding on Switzerland by virtue of international treaties or following their incorporation into federal legislation.

History
The Official Compilation of Federal Laws and Ordinances of the Swiss Confederation () was published irregularly from 1848 to 1904, with a total of 30 volumes.

From 1904 to 1987, it was published weekly as a supplement to the Federal Gazette under the title Compilation of Federal Laws (), with a total of 84 volumes.

From 1988 to 2005, it was published under the title Official Compilation of Federal Laws (). Since 2005, its official designation has been Official Compilation of Federal Legislation ().

The AS has been available on the Internet since 1998. Issues prior to that date are digitized and available on the website of the Swiss Federal Archives. Since 1 January 2016, only the electronic versions of the AS and the Federal Gazette have legally binding effect.

See also
 Federal Gazette
 Federal Register
 Law of Switzerland
 Official Journal of the European Union
 Publications Act (Switzerland)
 Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation
 United States Statutes at Large

References

External links
 Amtliche Sammlung
 Recueil officiel
 Raccolta ufficiale

Law of Switzerland
Switzerland Official Collection of Federal Law


The Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation (SR) (, SR; , RS; , RS) is the official compilation of all Swiss federal laws, ordinances, international and intercantonal treaties that are in force.

It is structured by topic, and comprises the constitutions (federal and cantonal), federal laws, ordinances, select federal decrees and important cantonal texts.

The first version was published in paper form in 1948, in response to the need for legal clarity after World War II. Today, it is available in paper form (in red binders with removable leaves), as well as electronically (available on the Internet). It is published by the Federal Chancellery in Switzerland's three official languages (German, French and Italian), with only a few texts in Romansh and English.

An initial systematic classification system was adopted when the Compilation was created in 1948, but was completely overhauled in the 1960s with the switch to a system of removable leaves. Each act included in the collection has an "SR number" corresponding to its position in the thematic classification. International law in force in Switzerland is classified in the same way, but each number begins with a 0.

Initially conferred with a legal value, it has now been stripped of this, and replaced by the Official Compilation of Federal Legislation (German: Amtliche Sammlung des Bundesrechts, AS; French: Recueil officiel du droit fédéral, RO; Italian: Raccolta ufficiale delle leggi federali, RU).

History
The predecessor of the current SR was the Systematic Collection ( (BS);  (RS);  (CS)).

Systematic Compilation of Laws and Ordinances of 1948

Purpose

By the end of 1945, the Official Compilation of Federal Legislation (AS), created in 1848, had grown to 72 volumes, some of which ran to 2,000 pages. Searching for acts became increasingly complicated, to the point where even the federal administration and specialized authorities "had difficulty determining what was valid and what was no longer". Some volumes were no longer available from the Federal Administration's central printing office, so by 1946 no one could obtain all 72 volumes. As a result, legislative work suffered from a number of shortcomings. In the interests of legal certainty, the creation of an uncluttered compilation had also become necessary because of the prolific crisis and wartime legislative activity of the 1930s and 1940s.

The term "Bereinigung der eidg. Gesetzessammlung" is attested as early as 1931, and "Bereinigte Sammlung der Bundesgesetze" as early as 1938, when the Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP) reported on the Federal Council's 1931 decision. In the same letter, the FDJP refers to the Japanese system.

February 1946 conference

The Federal Chancellery, in agreement with the FDJP, asked Max Imboden, then professor at the University of Zurich, to draw up a report on the subject. Following this report, the Federal Council authorized a conference of twelve jurists. The conference met on February 8, 1946, and was composed of several federal judges, representatives of the bar and legal academics, and chaired by the then head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police, Bernese agrarian Eduard von Steiger.

Debates at the Federal Assembly
The Federal Council presented its message to the Federal Assembly at the end of February 1946, and the National Council took up the matter at the end of March 1946. The Federal Council saw the creation of such a collection as that of a "lasting monument to ... Swiss legislative work", or even an "intellectual monument that would happily mark the forthcoming commemoration of the Swiss Constitution of 1848".

The Federal Council also intended to publish, along with the Systematic Compilation of laws, a "manual of the usual federal laws and their implementing ordinances". During the introduction debate, the then Genevan Radical National Councillor Adrien Lachenal saw this as an attack on the interests of private printers, wondering "by virtue of what authority and initiative the Chancellery has decided to publish a new manual [sic] on its own initiative". Committee rapporteur Johannes Huber replied that laws are not protected by copyright.

Following the debates, Parliament mandated the Federal Council, via a federal decree dated April 4, 1946, to create a "clearly ordered compilation of federal legislation in force".

January 1948 conference
A second conference of experts was held on January 17, 1948, to deal with the Federal Council's supplementary message of 1948 and various technical details. It was at this conference that it was decided to place the article number above the body of the text.

Content and publishing
The purpose of this systematic collection of laws is to cover legislative acts between 1848 and the end of 1947.

The 1948 Compilation includes only federal law, but in its "cleaned form" (bereinigt in German and the name Bereinigte Sammlung), i.e. still in force at the time of its creation. The new collection was not, however, to include any commentary, "in particular [without] ... giving explanations of a historical nature or referring to doctrine or jurisprudence". A team of nine jurists, accompanied by a stenographer for each official language, was set up to do the "clean-up" work. The Compilation was published from 1949 to 1953, followed by the Registers in 1955, for a total of 15 red volumes, and had an effect on the systematics of today's SR. Germann assumes, however, that jurists are carrying out a clean-up job (Säuberungsarbeit), also in relation to wartime laws still in force.

The 1948 Compilation had a negative effect on the part of the federal legislator, i.e. "all provisions not included in the Compilation are to be considered out of force".

The total cost of printing the 1948 Compilation has been estimated by the Federal Council at CHF 1.5 million (from 1946, approx. CHF 7.5 million in 2019).

Table of contents

At the time of its conception, the 1948 Compilation had the following systematics:

Systematic Compilation of Laws and Ordinances of 1965

As soon as the volumes of the first Compilation (from 1948) were published in 1955, it was faced with four amendments to the Federal Constitution and 50 laws or revisions of laws in just seven years. This prompted the then St. Gallen National Councillor Kurt Furgler to submit a postulate in 1960 calling for regular updating of the Compilation. The postulate was debated at the 1961 winter session of the National Council. The Federal Council decided against the motion, but "nevertheless had to submit to the unshakeable will of the Chambers".

During the drafting of a federal law along the lines of the Furgler postulate, the Federal Council received negative opinions about a complete reprint of the 1948 Compilation. These criticisms, summarized in the Federal Council's message, came from the Aargau State Council and the Thurgau Cantonal Court, the former accusing the reprint of "perfectionism ... to throw away, in the stores of the Federal Chancellery but also in the homes of thousands of users, the fifteen volumes of a well-ordered collection in use for just over a decade", while the latter considered that this was of interest only to lawyers. The Federal Supreme Court ruled against the proposed republication. Council of State of Geneva, on the other hand, considers the republication necessary, also for reasons of ease of consultation. In order to cope with regular updating, the Federal Council proposed the publication of acts listed in the SR in loose-leaf form, a system recommended by a large number of the legal players consulted. However, in the view of the Federal Council, this system would have no legal force.

The National Council preferred its committee's proposal over that of the Federal Council and anchored the loose-leaf system in Article 1 of the new law.

Creating the current Systematic Compilation
The first edition of the SR in its current form began in 1970, with 21 volumes of the "domestic law" section. The publication of quarterly supplements (for the paper version) began in 1971, ending on October 1, 1974.

A complete reprint took place in 1994 and 1995, at the same time as the digitization of the SR. In order to bridge the gap between volume deliveries, supplements were issued every six months; the quarterly frequency resumed in 1996.

Digitalization
Work on digitizing the SR began in 1989, and "the main aim at the time was to automate the updating and printing of the texts in this collection [the SR], in order to speed up their maintenance".

The first stage, structured text capture using OCR, which took three years.

A postulate submitted by former Schwyz National Councillor Toni Dettling called on the Federal Council to publish the SR in electronic form (citing the CD-ROM as an example). The Federal Council agreed, and the postulate was passed on.

The SR and the Official Compilation (AS) have been published in electronic form since the spring of 1998, but certain parts of the SR have been published in electronic form since 1997, notably in the field of social insurance law, since September 1997. According to Roth, the emphasis within the federal administration was on digitizing the SR, to the detriment of the AS.

Contents
The Systematic Compilation contained:

 texts published in the Official Compilation (AS), with the exception of federal decrees approving treaties or decisions under international law and not containing rules of law, i.e. :
 federal laws,
 ordinances,
 federal decrees,
 certain international treaties binding on Switzerland,
 inter-cantonal agreements to which the Confederation has given general binding force (within the meaning of art. 48 Cst.);
 cantonal constitutions.

Numbering

Principles

Numbering was based on a decimal system, developed between 1967 and 1969. Each act of law (statute, ordinance, international treaty) is given a unique number to identify it, which is the main innovation of the RS. The numbers are arranged in groups of three, separated by a dot on the principle that "the more specific the act, the longer its RS number"; the RS number, however, does not exceed 20 characters (numbers and dots).

For example: the Federal Constitution has the number RS 101, the Civil Code the number RS 210, the Code of Obligations the number RS 220, the LP the number RS 281.1, the European Convention on Human Rights the number RS 0.101, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties the number RS 0.111, the Istanbul Convention the number RS 0.311.35. On the other hand, the Ordinance concerning admission to the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne bears the number 414.110.422.3.

This number must be unique and cannot be reused. It is assigned, at the latest, on publication of the act in the AS and only to so-called "basic acts" ("Grunderlasse"); consequently, amending acts, as a general rule, do not bear it. For example: the Federal Act on Tax Reform and the Financing of the AHV (RFFA) amended several other basic acts, including the Old-age and survivor's insurance - OASI (SR 831.10), the Federal Direct Tax - FTA(SR 642.11) and the Equalization Payments - PFCC (SR 613.2), but did not receive its own RS number.

In the event of total revisions of the act in question, this number may be reassigned to the successor act; however, this presupposes that the predecessor and successor cover exactly the same area of law.

The RS number is assigned according to subject matter, as illustrated in the tables below. The determination of the subject matter depends, among other things, on the constitutional or legal basis mentioned in the introduction to the act in question, and on which federal office is competent. A certain hierarchy is observed by the editors of the RS. Number 631.0, for example, will be a federal law (here the LD), number 631.01 an ordinance of the Federal Council (here the OD) and number 631.011 an ordinance of a federal department (here the OD-DFF).

For the purpose of comparing old and new law, each act published in the RS is cross-referenced to the AS at the bottom of the first page; an exception is made for acts published before 1948, where the number of the Systematic compilation of laws and ordinances is indicated. This reference is made above the first (unnumbered) footnote of the printed version or the PDF version.

Overview

The first level of internal law is numbered as follows:

The numbering of international law at the first level largely follows that of domestic law:

Characteristics

Legal basis
The SR is governed by the Publications Act (PublA), complemented by the Ordinance on Official Publications (Publikationsverordnung, PublV).

Together with the Official Compilation (AS) and the Federal Gazette, it is considered a "publication organ" by the Federal Council.

Versions
The RS is available in both paper and electronic formats.

Printed version

The paper version comes in red binders, and the documents are printed in A5 format with the Confederation logo. Each number on the first level has its own binder (for example, one binder for "1 - State - People - Authorities", and another for "3 - Criminal Law - Criminal Procedure - Enforcement"). If there are too many acts for one number, these acts are divided into several binders. Each folder contains a table of contents for the subjects it covers. This table corresponds to the one on the Internet. The paper version is also provided with a keyword directory, also available on the Internet, edited by the Centre des Publications Officielles.

When an act is revised (e.g. the addition of an article to the Federal Constitution following a popular vote), a supplement is delivered by the Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics for the entire act concerned by the revision, regardless of the number of pages affected. Delivery only takes place on a quarterly basis, to allow time between the entry into force of the revision and the delivery of the consolidated paper version.

Electronic version
The electronic version contains, for each published act, an HTML version, a PDF version and a chronology of the act. The PDF version is identical to the printed version. A CD-ROM version, published four times a year in the official languages, was available from 2000 until at least 2009, and until at least 2013 for the DVD format.

Footnote system
When a law is modified, this is mentioned in the act consolidated in the RS using a footnote. The position of the callout (superscript number) indicates which part of the act has been modified. The footnote indicates the amending act, its nature (e.g. federal law or ordinance), its subject matter, the date of its adoption, and the date of its entry into force. It also states whether the provision has been newly introduced, amended, or abrogated. If a provision of an act is introduced but subsequently repealed, a note mentions both legislative events.

For research purposes, the note also mentions the position of the amending act in the AS and that of the Federal Council's message in the Federal Gazette (German: Bundesblatt, BBl; French: Feuille fédérale, FF; Italian: Foglio federale, FF; Romansh: Fegl uffizial federal, FF). If the amending act stems from a parliamentary initiative, the note mentions the position of the committee report in the Federal Gazette, as well as the opinion of the Federal Council.

Use
The SR can be seen as a more intuitive representation of the law at a given point in time ("benutzerfreundlichen" Abbildung des Rechts zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt") and as an information medium in its own right, making it "de facto much more frequently consulted than the AS". In its early days, the SR was described as "an extremely valuable working tool for all those who have to implement legislation".

Moll points out that the SR retains a prominent place in legal research, as the Confederation's legislative technique is centered on the SR, despite its lack of binding force.

Updating and publishing

The printed version of the SR is delivered four times a year. The electronic version is continuously updated. In 1989, the printed version of the SR consisted of around 100,000 pages (approx. 4 GB) for the three official languages. In 2014, the paper version comprised 29 red binders for domestic law and 32 for international law.

The Federal Chancellery can also publish compilations of texts in the SR. This is the case, for example, with the compilation entitled "Procédure fédérale" (Federal Procedure), which brings together over thirty acts published in the SR concerning federal bodies and procedures.

The editing of the SR is entrusted to the Official Publications Centre (attached to the Federal Chancellery).

The Federal Office for Buildings and Logistics (attached to the FDF) is responsible for the distribution and sale of publications governed by the PublA, including the SR. Sales prices are set by an ordinance specific to federal publications.

Number of SR volumes
The number of SR volumes has evolved over time. In 1955, it represented 15 binders (domestic and international law), 21 binders in 1970 and 24 domestic law binders in 1986. In 2014, it breaks down into 29 domestic law binders and 32 international law binders.

Languages
RS is published in the three official languages, German, French and Italian.

Publication in Romansh
When the old PublA of 1986 was adopted, the place and value of Romansh was discussed in the Council of States. A Jagmetti proposal was to include a "systematic abridged compilation of federal law" in Romansh, but the acts published in this abridged compilation would not become law. Rapporteur Meylan considered that such a proposal would run counter to the systematics of the law (proposed by the Federal Council), as it would give legal force to Romansh. Arguing against the proposal, the then Chancellor of the Confederation, the Basel socialist Walter Buser, gave the following example: if a Romansh-speaking citizen were to appear before a judge with such an abridged Compilation in Romansh, the judge would have no choice but to reply that federal law in Romansh had no legal value, since the RO was not published in Romansh and the SR had, with the PublA, lost its legal value. The Chancellor assumed that such an abridged compilation could only cause confusion (Verwirrung). This proposal was rejected by the Council of States by 17 votes to 8.

Since the PublA came into force, publications in Romansh have followed the provisions of the Language Act (LLC; SR 441.1), i.e. "texts of particular importance" are published in the fourth national language. This applies in particular to the Federal Constitution, the Civil Code, the Penal Code and the PublA, for a total of some seventy acts. The acts published in Romansh are prefaced with this banner:« Rumantsch è ina lingua naziunala, ma ina lingua parzialmain uffiziala da la Confederaziun, numnadamain en la correspundenza cun persunas da lingua rumantscha. La translaziun d’in decret federal serva a l’infurmaziun, n’ha dentant nagina validitad legala. »This indication can be translated as :"Romansh is a national language, but only a semi-official language of the Confederation, i.e. for correspondence with Romansh speakers. The translation of a federal act is for information purposes, but has no legal value."

Publication in English
In addition, domestic legal texts of major scope or international interest are published in English. As English is not an official or national language, documents translated into English are prefaced by:« English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force. »

Legal value
The legal value of SR has changed over time.

Ex-post legal effectiveness

The 1948 Systematic Compilation was not binding from the outset.

Before preparing a law to this effect, the Federal Administration carried out a "meticulous sorting of the legislative acts contained in the 73 volumes of the Systematic Compilation". Subsequently, the Federal Council decided to propose granting a negative effect to the 1948 Compilation, namely that "legislative acts not included in the Compilation would be declared out of force". The positive binding effect (i.e. the granting of binding force and validity to any act present in the Compilation) was not considered adequate. Even after careful examination, the Federal Council could not rule out omissions (in this case, the inclusion in the Compilation of acts that had in fact been repealed), thereby jeopardizing the "clarity of the legislation". However, in the same message, the Federal Council admits that the negative effect is not a miracle or perfect solution.

The 1948 Compilation was therefore given binding force with the ad hoc 1948 law. Article 1:"The Federal Laws, Federal Decrees, Federal Council Decrees and Ordinances inserted in the Compilation of Federal Laws from September 12th, 1848 to December 31st, 1947 are hereby abrogated, insofar as they do not appear in the Systematic Compilation of Laws and Ordinances."The reason given at the time for this ex-post decision was that the act creating the 1948 Compilation was merely a federal decree, and not a federal law subject to optional or compulsory referendum. What's more, the Federal Constitution of 1874 did not provide for any power to grant value to the 1948 Compilation. The Federal Council did, however, consider that the granting of a status was a decision for the legislator. In fact, it "does not do any legislative work as such, but ... [confined itself] to interpreting the law" by declaring the invalidity of repealed provisions not included in the Compilation (in accordance with the principle of lex posterior derogat lex anteriori). The basis for this was art. 85 para. 2 Cst. 1874, which states that "matters falling within the competence of the Federal Assembly include the following: Laws and decrees on matters which the constitution places under federal jurisdiction".

Return to the primacy of the Official Compilation
When the old PublA of 1986 was introduced, which codified the AS, Federal Gazette and SR, the question of the prevalence of such a publication was raised.

The Federal Council considered it advisable to withdraw the negative binding force for three reasons. On the one hand, the Federal Council believed that the granting of binding force in 1948 was due to doubts about the validity of a number of acts resulting from the emergency legislation passed during World War II. On the other hand, legal certainty must prevail, and consequently, only one publication (in this case, the AS) should benefit from primacy. Finally, and in line with the last argument, the physical nature of the SR (a loose-leaf collection) may present a risk of discrepancies with the AS (particularly in the event of delays in delivery or layout). The Federal Council therefore refrained from using retroactivity in order to withdraw the SR's negative binding force. Thanks to the PublA, René Meylan, Socialist State Councillor from Neuchâtel and the commission's rapporteur on this message, considered that the nature of the SR was to be "clearer and better defined than in the past".

Since May 15, 1987, when the PublA came into force, the SR no longer had any legal value, since only the AS was endowed with negative binding force (this quality means that "acts which are not published in the official gazette cannot be applied to subjects of law").

Latest developments
A postulate submitted in 2014 by Fribourg Socialist National Councillor Ursula Schneider Schüttel called on the Federal Council "to study the possibility of giving official status to the consolidated version of laws, indicating the means that would be required for this purpose (in time, money, human resources)". It was adopted by the National Council in the autumn 2014 session. Following this postulate, the Federal Council produced a report which concluded that "several practical reasons ... prevent ... to ... expressly confer a legally decisive character [to the SR]", as this would require a complete overhaul of the PublA as well as the revision of several laws affecting Parliament and the federal administration.

References

Notes

Appendix

Laws and ordinances

 (fr) Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation archive (Cst. 1874) of May 29, 1874 (status February 7, 1999), ex RS 101 (this Constitution is no longer in force, superseded by the Cst. 1999).
 (fr) Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation archive (Cst. 1999) of April 18, 1999 (as of January 1, 2020), RS 101...
 (fr) Loi fédérale du 12 mars 1948 relative à la force obligatoire du Recueil systématique des lois et ordonnances de 1848 à 1947 et à la nouvelle série du Recueil des lois archive (RO 1949 1627; this law is no longer in force).
 (fr) Loi fédérale concernant la publication d'un nouveau Recueil systématique des lois et ordonnances de la Confédération archive (RO 1967 17; this law is no longer in force).
 (fr) Loi fédérale du 21 mars 1986 sur les recueils de lois et la Feuille fédérale archive (RO 1995 600; this law is no longer in force).
 (fr) Federal Act on the Compilations of Federal Legislation and the Federal Gazette archive (LPubl) of June 18, 2004 (status November 26th, 2018), RS 170.512..
 (fr) Ordonnance sur les recueils du droit fédéral et la Feuille fédérale archive (OPubl) of October 7, 2015 (as of January 1, 2018), RS 170.512.1...

Bibliography

 (de) Bernard Moll, "Das Konsolidieren von Erlassen am Beispiel der Systematischen Sammlung des Bundesrechts (SR)", LeGes, no 2, 2009, p. 215-233 (read online archive).
 (de) Marius Roth, "Aktuelle Anforderungen an amtliche Sammlungen", LeGes, no 1, 2013, p. 33-62 (read online archive).
 (de) Urs Germann, "Vom Aufkleben des Rechts: die Entstehung der Bereinigten Sammlung des Bundesrechts in einer verwaltungsgeschichtlichen Perspektive" [" Concerning the compilation of law. The genesis of the corrected collection of federal law in an administrative history perspective"], Traverse, vol. 18, no. 3 "Administrer et gouverner", 2011, pp. 114–126 (DOI http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-391004, read online archive, accessed May 24, 2020).

Official documents

Messages from the Federal Council

 (fr) "Message du Conseil fédéral du 22 février 1946 à l'Assemblée fédérale concernant la publication d'un Recueil des lois mis à jour (période de 1848 à 1947)", Feuille fédérale, vol. I, no. 5, February 22, 1946, pp. 371–378 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message du Conseil fédéral du 14 août 1947 à l'Assemblée fédérale concernant à la force obligatoire du Recueil systématique des lois et ordonnances mis à jour et à la nouvelle série du Recueil des lois", Feuille fédérale, vol. II, no. 33, August 21, 1947, pp. 717–738 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message complémentaire du Conseil fédéral du 11 février 1948 à l'Assemblée fédérale concernant à la force obligatoire du Recueil systématique des lois et ordonnances mis à jour (1848-1947) et à la nouvelle série du Recueil des lois", Feuille fédérale, vol. I, no. 7, February 19, 1948, pp. 817–832 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message du Conseil fédéral du 19 février 1965 à l'Assemblée fédérale concernant la publication d'un nouveau Recueil systématique des lois et ordonnances de la Confédération", Feuille fédérale, vol. I, no. 8, February 26, 1965, pp. 317–329 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message du 29 juin 1983 concernant une loi fédérale sur les recueils de lois et la Feuille fédérale", Feuille fédérale, vol. III, no. 35, September 6, 1983, pp. 441–489 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message du 22 octobre 2003 concernant la loi fédérale sur les recueils du droit fédéral et la Feuille fédérale", Feuille fédérale, no. 46, November 25, 2003, pp. 7047–7079 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) "Message du 28 août 2013 relatif à la modification de la loi sur les publications : (Passage de la primauté de la version imprimée à la primauté de la version électronique des publications officielles)", Feuille fédérale, no. 37, September 24, 2013, pp. 6325–6364 (read online archive [PDF]).

Debates in Parliament

 (fr) Procès-verbal du Conseil national, séance du 28 mars 1946 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) Procès-verbal du Conseil des États, séance du 4 avril 1946 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) Procès-verbal du Conseil national, séance du 30 juin 1966 (read online archive [PDF]), BO 1966 N 433.
 (fr) Procès-verbal du Conseil des États, séance du 11 mars 1986 (read online archive [PDF]), BO 1986 E 84.

Postulates

 (fr) Objet 8092: Postulat Furgler du 29 juin 1960 "Mise à jour du Recueil des lois" read online, objet no 70 p. 18 archive.
 (fr) Objet 96.3162: Postulate Dettling of March 22, 1996. "Recueil systématique sur support informatique" read online archive.
 (fr) Objet 14.3319: Postulate Schneider Schüttel of May 7, 2014. "Publication of laws. Giving official status to the consolidated version" read online archive.

Swiss Federal Council reports

 (fr) Federal Council, Rapport de gestion 1996: Rapport du Conseil fédéral sur les points essentiels de la gestion de l'administration, 1997 (read online archive [PDF]).
 (fr) Federal Council, Publication des lois. Donner un caractère officiel à la version consolidée: Rapport du Conseil fédéral en exécution du postulat 14.3319 Schneider Schüttel du 7 mai 2014, October 19, 2016 (read online archive [PDF]).

Documents from the Federal Chancellery

 (de) Bereinigte Gesetzsammlung. Protokoll der Expertenkonferenz vom 17. Januar 1948, 1948, in Swiss Federal Archives, Bereinigte Sammlung der Bundesgesetze und Verordnungen für die Jahre 1848-1947, Korrespondenz mit den übrigen Departementen (Dossier), cote E1#1000/4#147* (read online archive).
 Chancellerie fédérale, Explication des annotations, July 1, 2019 (read online archive [PDF]).
 Chancellerie fédérale, Principes suivis pour la publication des accords internationaux (read online archive [PDF]).

Documents from the Federal Department of Justice and Police

 (de) Brief vom 16. November 1938 des Eidgenössischen Justiz- und Polizeidepartements an die Schweizerische Bundeskanzlei (Nr. V.12.). Bereinigte Sammlung der Bundesgesetze in Swiss Federal Archives, Bereinigte Sammlung der Bundesgesetze und Verordnungen für die Jahre 1848-1947 (dossier), cote E1#1000/4#144* (read online archive).

Related articles
 Law of Switzerland
 List of Swiss Federal Acts
 Official Compilation of Federal Legislation
 Federal Gazette
 United States Code
 Code of Federal Regulations
 Publications Act (Switzerland)

External links
 Systematic Compilation

Law of Switzerland
Legal codes


title: Federal Gazette (Switzerland)

text:
The Federal Gazette (, BBl; , FF; , FF; , FF) is the official gazette of the federal government of Switzerland.

It includes:

  reports of the Swiss Federal Council to the Swiss Federal Assembly, most notably the drafts of proposed laws with usually extensive explanations,
 laws enacted by Parliament that are subject to an obligatory or facultative popular referendum,
 reports and notifications by the Federal Council, parliamentary committees and various government agencies.

It is issued weekly in the three official languages of Switzerland: German, French and Italian. All three language editions are equally valid. It is published by the Federal Chancellery of Switzerland. Its publication is regulated by the Publications Act (PublA).

Since 1999, the Gazette is made available on the internet in PDF format. Since 1 January 2016, the electronic version of the Federal Gazette is deemed authentic.

See also
 Law of Switzerland
 Official Compilation of Federal Legislation
 Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation
 Federal Register
 Official Journal of the European Union
 Publications Act (Switzerland)

References

External links
  Bundesblatt
  Feuille fédérale
  Foglio federale

Law of Switzerland
Switzerland Federal Journal


title: Paracossus parvus

text:
Paracossus parvus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Sri Lanka.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths described in 1904


title: Roepkiella pusillus

text:
Roepkiella pusillus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in western Java.

References

External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Reticulocossus

text:
Reticulocossus is a genus of moths in the family Cossidae. It contains only one species, Reticulocossus schoorli, which is found in northern Sulawesi.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Cossidae genera
Monotypic moth genera


title: Neurocossus speideli

text:
Neurocossus speideli is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo.

The wingspan is 15–16 mm.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Paracossus zyaung

text:
Paracossus zyaung is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Vietnam.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae
Moths of Asia
Endemic fauna of Vietnam


title: Neurocossus pinratanai

text:
Neurocossus pinratanai is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Thailand.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Planctogystia albiplagiata

text:
Planctogystia albiplagiata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Maryna Poroshenko

text:
Maryna Anatoliivna Poroshenko (, née Perevedentseva; born 1 February 1962) is a Ukrainian cardiologist who was the First Lady of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. She is married to former Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko. After her husband's presidency ended in 2019, Maryna was a local political candidate for elections in Kyiv.

Biography
Maryna Poroshenko was born as Maryna Perevedentseva () in 1962 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. Her father Anatoly (born 1933) was Deputy Minister of Health of the Ukrainian SSR. Her mother Lyudmyla worked at Kyiv Arsenal.

While studying at the Bogomolets National Medical University, she met Petro Poroshenko at a disco. They married in 1984. She worked as a cardiologist at the Zhovtneva Hospital until the birth of their first son, and after that, she devoted her time to her family. She does not take part in public life and does not discuss politics with her husband. She participates in the activities of the Petro Poroshenko Charity Foundation.

In 2007 she graduated from National Academy of Government Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts with degree in fine arts.

In a June 2014 televised interview, Maryna said that she plans to engage in social and cultural issues currently facing Ukraine. Late June 2014 she met with Iryna Herashchenko, an envoy to the Peace plan for Eastern Ukraine and a mediator in the  2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine. They discussed possible assistance to the people in Eastern Ukraine.

From 2018 until 2019 she served as the Chairman of Ukrainian Cultural Foundation.

In the 2020 Kyiv local election Poroshenko is placed first on the Kyiv City Council election list of the party European Solidarity (the party (nationwide) lead by her husband Petro Poroshenko). In the election of Mayor of Kyiv (during the 2020 Kyiv local election) European Solidarity endorsed incumbent mayor Vitaly Klichko (who was nominated by the UDAR party). European Solidarity won 31 Kyiv City Council seats in the 2020 Kyiv local election. Klitschko was reelected as Mayor of Kyiv.

Family
Maryna and Petro Poroshenko have four children: son Olexiy (born 1985), twin daughters Yevheniia and Oleksandra (born 2000) and son Mykhailo (born 2001). The family continues to live in their private home in the historic neighborhood of Koncha-Zaspa. Oleksii was a representative in the regional parliament of Vinnytsia Oblast. In November 2014, he became People's Deputy of Ukraine.

Former Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko is the godfather to their children.

References

External links

 June 2014 interview with Maryna Poroshenko on 5 Kanal

1962 births
Living people
First ladies of Ukraine
Politicians from Kyiv
Bogomolets National Medical University alumni
Women cardiologists
Ukrainian cardiologists
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Ukraine
Petro Poroshenko


title: Planctogystia legraini

text:
Planctogystia legraini is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Planctogystia olsoufieffae

text:
Planctogystia olsoufieffae is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Planctogystia pavidus

text:
Planctogystia pavidus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Planctogystia sakalava

text:
Planctogystia sakalava is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: Planctogystia senex

text:
Planctogystia senex is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Madagascar.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Cossinae


title: 2005–06 Torneo Argentino A

text:
The 2005–06 Argentine Torneo Argentino A was the eleventh season of third division professional football in Argentina. A total of 24 teams competed; the champion was promoted to Primera B Nacional.

Club information

Zone A

Zone B

Apertura 2005

First stage

Zone A

Zone B

Final stage

1: Qualified because of sport advantage.
Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Clausura 2006

First stage

Zone A

Zone B

Final stage

1: Qualified because of sport advantage.
Note: The team in the first line plays at home the second leg.

Overall standings

Zone A

Zone B

Championship final

Promotion/relegation playoff B Nacional-Torneo Argentino A

San Martín (T) was promoted to 2006–07 Primera B Nacional by winning the playoff and San Martin (T) was relegated to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino A.

Relegation playoff Qualifying

Lujan de Cuyo remains in Torneo Argentino A and Racing (O) played the Relegation Playoff.

Gimnasia y Esgrima (CdU) remains in Torneo Argentino A and Atlético Candelaria played the Relegation Playoff.

Additional Playoff

General Paz Juniors plays the Relegation Playoff and Cipolletti was relegated to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino B.

Relegation playoff

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 1

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 2

|-
!colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 3

Rivadavia (L) was promoted to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff and Racing (O) was relegated to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino B.
Real Arroyo Seco was promoted to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff and Atlético Candelaria was relegated to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino B.
Alumni (VM) was promoted to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino A by winning the playoff and General Paz Juniors was relegated to 2006–07 Torneo Argentino B.

See also
2005–06 in Argentine football

References

Torneo Argentino A seasons
3


title: Harada Tea Processing Co., Ltd.

text:
is a Japanese tea and foods processing, packaging and distribution company based in Shimada City, Japan.

Outline
Harada was founded in 1917 and incorporated as a kabushiki gaisha in 1948. Its business activities are distributed between tea processing, packaging and distribution and the management of several company-owned and contracted tea plantations.

The company gained wider recognition in Japan from its long-running series of Yabukita Blend television advertisements.

References

External links
English Home English Website
ハラダ製茶株式会社 Website (Japanese)

Tea companies of Japan
Tea brands in Japan
Drink companies of Japan
Companies based in Shizuoka Prefecture