title: Black Fast (band)

text:
Black Fast was an American thrash metal band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band's original members are Aaron Akin on vocals and rhythm guitar, Ryan Thompson on bass, Trevor Johanson on lead guitar, and Ross Burnett on drums. They have released one EP, Black Fast EP, and one independently released and produced album, Starving Out The Light. They signed with eOne Music in 2014 and released their second studio album, Terms of Surrender, the following year. In 2018, the band released their third studio album, Spectre of Ruin.

History
Guitarists Aaron Akin and Trevor Johanson first met at a gas station in Edwardsville, Illinois. Shortly after, Akin's friend, Ross Burnett, and Johanson's college classmate, Ryan Thompson, started playing together, and the band was formed in 2010. Both Johanson and Thompson graduated with music degrees in jazz guitar from Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville.

In April 2011, they released their extended play Black Fast EP 2011. Two years later, their second release and their first full-length, 7-track album, Starving Out The Light, was independently released to Bandcamp, Google Play, iTunes, Spotify, and Amazon on August 16, 2013. The artwork on the album was done by Coby Ellison. The music was mixed and produced by Justin L. Fisher from SmithLee Productions and was mastered by Rob Schlette.

It was announced in November 2014 that Black Fast had signed with the independent label eOne Music. Black Fast announced that its debut studio album with eOne Music produced by Erik Rutan would be released in the summer of 2015. That album, Terms of Surrender, was released on August 7, 2015.

On July 13, 2018, Black Fast released its second studio album with eOne Music, Spectre of Ruin. It was also produced by Erik Rutan.

The Breakup

Black Fast was ready to hit the road in the fall of 2018 to promote Spectre of Ruin, when they discovered their booking agent had quit without notice. It took them some time to acquire another agent, and the one they hired was unable to book them into the kind of venues they were used to playing or with the name bands they were previously sharing the bill with. This caused considerable frustration. In addition, drummer Ross Burnett was expecting a child, and since bassist Ryan Thompson did not tour with the group, Aaron Akin and Trevor Johanson had serious misgivings after touring with two replacements, so they stopped pursuing tour dates, feeling they had lost the momentum gained from the release of Spectre of Ruin. As a result, over the next several months, Black Fast faded away and unofficially dissolved.

Live performances
On June 28, 2014, Black Fast performed with the bands Shadows Fall, Dead by Wednesday, Hallow Point, and Gray's Divide. Their live performance received a positive review from the website National Rock Review.

Black Fast announced via their Facebook page that they would be performing in the Winter Warriors Tour starting on November 30, 2014, alongside Battlecross, War of Ages, and Wretched. Their live performance was once again reviewed positively.

Since 2015, Black Fast has toured with such bands as Rivers of Nihil, Hatchet, Lord Dying, Black Crown Initiate, Havok, Revocation, Goatwhore, Battlecross, Hate Eternal, and Vektor.
In 2016, they toured extensively throughout the U.S. and Canada having booked seven month-long tours and numerous one and two-nighters in between.

Reception
Their first full-length album, Starving Out The Light, was well received according to the ratings submitted on Metal Storm, averaging an 8/10.

Their second full-length album and first studio album Terms of Surrender received positive reviews from Metal Injection Chuck Marshall of the National Rock Review also praised the album saying: "The production and playing on Terms of Surrender are outstanding. The mix is balanced and breathes with the music. A key element of each tune is the razor precision playing of Aaron Akin and Trevor Johanson. From feverish rhythm playing in 'The Keep' to the exquisitely twisting runs in "Tongues of Silver," these guys make it sound easy to create catchy headbanging anthems."

However, MetalSucks gave  Terms of Surrender a more lukewarm review, stating: "...but frankly this breakneck locomotion seems to come at a price, with the music coming off slightly sterile and repetitive at times. That's not to say that there isn't pure fire for thrash-heads on Terms of Surrender; there most definitely is, and it sounds legit." The review gave the album 3 stars out of 5.

On July 13, 2018, Black Fast released its final studio album, "Spectre of Ruin," which was met with many positive reviews including metalwani.com. In his review, Chuck Marshall said, "Technicians of deathly thrash, Black Fast return with a beautiful opus of menacing metal on their new album entitled 'Spectre of Ruin'. The metal onslaught is relentless." And Brave Words in their review stated, "Album opener "Cloak of Lies" sets the stage for Spectre of Ruin with a heaping helping of everything Black Fast represents, a locomotive of riffs barreling down the tracks with determined speed and aggression." Revolver magazine called Spectre of Ruin "...a runaway death-train powered by sharp, aggressive riffs, a no-holds-barred approach."

While Distorted Sound Magazine was complimentary, it complained about the lack of contrast: "...the main issue with this record and that is that the musical backdrop is so similar from track to track to the point that if the vocals were taken out, the songs would be almost unidentifiable from one another."

On December 19, 2018, Metal Injection's Aaron Price's Top 10 Albums of 2018
rated Black Fast's Spectre of Ruin the Number 3 album for 2018.

Kerrang! Magazine ranked Black Fast #24 in their feature, The 50 Best American Metal Bands From the Last Decade (2010s).

On July 12, 2022, Metalsucks.org published The 20 Best Thrash Albums Since the Turn of the Millennium, and ranked Black Fast's album, "Terms of Surrender," Number 10, stating, "Brutal but tasty, unorthodox but classic, the record continues to be the band's greatest triumph. You just can't deny a record this f*ckin' good."

Musical style
The band have been described by music journalists and critics as thrash metal and blackened thrash metal. Key aspects of their sound come from their highly technical and complex song structures and black metal influences.

Discography
Black Fast EP (April 2011)
Starving Out The Light (August 16, 2013)
Terms of Surrender (August 7, 2015)
Spectre of Ruin (July 13, 2018)

References

External links
 Black Fast, St Louis Metal

American thrash metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2010
Musical groups from Missouri
Musical groups from St. Louis
American musical quartets
2010 establishments in Missouri
2019 disestablishments in Missouri


title: Fenix Rage

text:
Fenix Rage is a platform video game developed by the Costa Rican developer Green Lava Studios. The gameplay has been compared to a cross between Super Meat Boy and Flappy Bird. Its developers were inspired by Sonic the Hedgehog and the 90s cartoon SWAT Kats. The game was released in September 24, 2014 on Microsoft Windows. The title was rebranded as Fenix Furia for its release in 2017 on OS X, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One platforms, with the announced PlayStation Vita version being cancelled.

Gameplay

The player-character, Fenix, pursues an evil creature after it freezes and destroys his town. Fenix can jump infinitely as well as dash. There are 200 levels, and the game has no tutorial. The player jumps around each level to reach a blue door. Each level has an optional cookie hidden in a difficult to access area. Players who collect them receive out-of-game recipes for new cookies. Players must restart the entire level upon dying, though respawns are fast.

Development

Fenix Rage was made by Green Lava Studios, a three-person team from Costa Rica: CEO and programmer Eduardo Ramirez, Diego Vasquez, and Jose Mora. The gameplay is inspired by Sonic the Hedgehog and its art direction is influenced by 90s cartoon SWAT Kats and the Hellboy comics by Mike Mignola. Ramirez has said that they want players "to recapture the feeling of discovery". They debuted a "simple" prototype of the game on Google Play "a couple of years" before its late May 2014 announcement for the PlayStation 4. The game made its first public demo at PAX East 2014, where the team received positive feedback about the controls. Fenix Rage was released in September 24, 2014 on Microsoft Windows. It was rebranded as Fenix Furia for its 2017 release on OS X, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The PlayStation Vita version was cancelled.

Reception

Video game journalists compared the game to a cross between Super Meat Boy and Flappy Bird. IGN wrote that dying often was what made the game fun. Hardcore Gamer said the game is "a worthy entry into an unfortunately short line of hardcore and enjoyable platformers, with great aesthetics and music backed by solid mechanics."

References

2014 video games
Indie games
MacOS games
Platformers
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Vita games
Reverb Triple XP games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in Costa Rica
Windows games
Xbox One games


title: White Night (video game)

text:
White Night is a 2015 survival horror puzzle video game developed by French indie studio OSome Studio, and published by Activision. On 3 March 2015, it was released on Linux, OS X and Windows, and was later released on Xbox One on 6 March 2015.

Development
White Night started in 2010, when its lead developer was working on a remake of Alone in the Dark. During this time, he became interested with the idea of putting black and white into a survival horror game. The team built the engine from scratch and found it gratifying to see it play out on various consoles. They enjoyed working with Activision, and appreciated the resources that partnership came with, for instance them showing the game off to the media. They had free rein in their creative decision, and while Activision offered tips on where to improve; money was no issue.

Design and gameplay
The game has a monochromatic graphical style. Its slow jazz piano soundscape is reminiscent of classic noir thrillers. The narrative is told to the player via "voice-over, on-screen text, and journal entries".

Plot
The game takes place within Vesper Mansion, where the player aims to solve a mystery. After having a car crash, the 30-something-year-old protagonist finds himself stumbling into what appears at first glance to be an abandoned mansion.

Reception

IGN praised the title's atmospheric and eerie atmosphere, though felt the aesthetic design compromised the title's exploration and puzzle-solving. Destructoid felt that the game falsely advertises itself as a "traditional survival experience of limited resources against considerable odds", whereas it just takes some gameplay elements of survival titles while centering on exploration mechanics. GameSpot made comparisons to Resident Evil due to its fixed camera angles.

References

External links

 (Activision)
 (Playdigious)
 https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2014/01/15/white-heat-white-night-is-beautifully-unnerving/

2015 video games
Android (operating system) games
2010s horror video games
IOS games
Linux games
MacOS games
Monochrome video games
Indie games
Neo-noir video games
Nintendo Switch games
Playdigious games
PlayStation 4 games
Puzzle video games
Single-player video games
Survival video games
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Xbox One games
OSome Studio games
Plug In Digital games


The 2003 East Dorset District Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of East Dorset District Council in Dorset, England. The whole council was up for election after boundary changes and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

Election result

Ward results

References

East Dorset District Council elections
2003 English local elections
2000s in Dorset


title: Roundabout (video game)

text:
Roundabout is an open world indie racing video game developed and published by American indie studio No Goblin LLC. It was released for Windows, Mac and Linux on September 18, 2014, for Xbox One on February 20, 2015, and for PlayStation 4 on May 26, 2015. A PlayStation Vita port was released on June 26, 2018, as a cross-buy title with the PlayStation 4 version.

The game involves a constantly-rotating limousine which the player has to drive around an open world while completing miscellaneous objectives such as picking up and dropping people off or finding collectible items. The gameplay has been described as inspired by Kuru Kuru Kururin (where the player also controls a constantly-rotating vehicle), and Crazy Taxi (where the goal of the game is to drive Non-player characters from one location to another).

Gameplay

The player drives a constantly revolving limousine, and must deliver passengers (introduced through full motion video cutscenes) to their intended destinations while avoiding obstacles.

Plot

In 1977, Georgio Manos becomes the world's first revolving limousine driver, taxiing the citizens of the city of Roundabout to various destinations. A frequent passenger named Elizabeth earns Georgio's deep admiration, and a romance begins to develop between the two. Georgio also develops a rivalry with Ronaldo, another limousine driver who steals Georgio's technique and overtakes her as the #1 revolving limousine driver in the city. Desperate to defeat Ronaldo, Georgio acquires some candy dots with the help of Mickey the mechanic, which causes Georgio to hallucinate and see Jeffrey the Skeleton. Guided by Jeffrey in a candy-dot-fueled frenzy, Georgio goes on a murderous rampage through the city. Spurred on by Elizabeth, Georgio then challenges Ronaldo to a race, during which she runs Ronaldo off the road, destroying his car and killing him.

Six months later, Georgio has retreated to the northern mountains out of shame, as destroying someone else's car is akin to treason in Roundabout. Having lost Elizabeth and running low on candy dots, Jeffrey urges Georgio to get their act back together and win back Elizabeth's heart. At the same time, Georgio is hounded by Ge-Op (Georgio Operations), a police squad tasked with hunting her down. In the end, Georgio and Elizabeth are reunited, and Elizabeth explains that she is tired of Georgio's constant spinning, pleading with Georgio to drive straight for even a little while. After Georgio awkwardly attempts to drive straight, Elizabeth decides that she should not force Georgio to be someone she is not, and the two drive off into the sunset together.

Reception

The game's PC received favorable reviews, while the Xbox One version received mixed reviews upon release. Dave Tach of Polygon praised the game stating "Combining elements from driving, puzzle and FMV games without becoming a product of one genre" and saying that the developers made "a unique hybrid."

Phil Kennedy of Push Square criticized the game's lack of content saying "Failure of missions is impossible with death just meaning a respawn a short distance away." As a result he said he "breezed through the game relatively quickly, with each mission taking around five minutes and the story about three hours in total." He didn't feel "particularly inclined to revisit any of the stages a second time in an attempt to better our scores."

IGN Spain called it "a disappointing game that was aiming to become the next Crazy Taxi but fails on achieving it. Short, ugly and not even funny"

References

External links

2014 video games
Indie games
Full motion video based games
Linux games
Open-world video games
MacOS games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation Vita games
Racing video games
Single-player video games
Steam Greenlight games
Video games about taxis
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in 1977
Xbox One games
Video games featuring female protagonists
LGBT-related video games


title: Olcostephanus

text:
Olcostephanus is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus belonging to the family Olcostephanidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived during the Cretaceous, from the  upper Valanginian to the lower Hauterivian age.

Species
 Olcostephanus astierianus (d'Orbigny, 1840)
 Olcostephanus atherstoni Sharpe, 1856
 Olcostephanus bakeri Imlay, 1937
 Olcostephanus bosei Riedel, 1938
 Olcostephanus delicatecostatus Haas, 1960
 Olcostephanus detonii Rodighiero 1919
 Olcostephanus filifer Imlay, 1937
 Olcostephanus laticosta Gerth, 1925
 Olcostephanus paucicostatus Imlay, 1937
 Olcostephanus pecki Imlay, 1960
 Olcostephanus popenoei Imlay, 1960
 Olcostephanus prorsiradiatus Imlay, 1937
 Olcostephanus quadriradiatus Imlay, 1938
 Olcostephanus sanlazarensis Imlay, 1937

Distribution
Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Cretaceous sediments of Antarctica, Argentina, Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia (Macanal Formation, Eastern Ranges), Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Russia, United States, as well as in the Jurassic of Argentina.

References

Bibliography

Ammonitida genera
Perisphinctoidea
Cretaceous ammonites
Ammonites of Europe
Ammonites of Africa
Ammonites of North America
Ammonites of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Jurassic Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Cretaceous Chile
Fossils of Chile
Cretaceous Colombia
Fossils of Colombia
Paja Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1875


title: Thomas L. Steffen

text:
Thomas L. Steffen (July 9, 1930 – September 1, 2020) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada from 1982 to 1997, serving as chief justice from 1995 to 1997. He graduated with honors from George Washington University Law School in 1964, where he began his career as a contract negotiator for the Bureau of Naval Weapons. After retirement from the Supreme Court in 1997, he practiced law with the Hutchison & Steffen law firm.

Steffen was born in Tremonton, Utah and went to Bear Creek High School.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
George Washington University Law School alumni
Nevada lawyers
People from Tremonton, Utah
Military personnel from Utah
Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court
United States Navy civilians
Chief Justices of the Nevada Supreme Court


title: Shitouhe Dam

text:
The Shitouhe Dam is an embankment dam on the Shitouhe River, a tributary of the Weihe River which flows into the Yellow River, in Mei County of Shaanxi Province, China. The dam serves several purposes to include flood control, hydroelectric power and water supply for irrigation and municipal uses. The  tall rock-fill dam can withhold a reservoir of  of which  can be used to irrigate the valley below the dam. Approved by China's Ministry of Water Conservancy in 1974, construction started in June 1976. It was completed in 1989. In July 1996, the dam began to supply water to the nearby city of Xi'an. In 2002 the Jinpen Dam to the east was constructed to help provide water to the city as well.

See also

List of dams and reservoirs in China
List of tallest dams in China

References

Dams in China
Rock-filled dams
Dams completed in 1989
Energy infrastructure completed in 1991
Hydroelectric power stations in Shaanxi
1989 establishments in China


title: Maackia raphidia

text:
Maackia raphidia is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.

Distribution
Maackia raphidia lives in the Angara River. The type locality is “lac Baikal”, lake Baikal.

References

External links

Amnicolidae
Gastropods described in 1860


title: Dakota High School (Fargo, North Dakota)

text:
Dakota High School is a public high school located in Fargo, North Dakota. It currently serves about 130 students in grades 11 through 12 and is a part of the Fargo Public Schools system. The school operates as an alternative learning model to the District's other three comprehensive high schools, Fargo North High School, Fargo South High School, and Davies High School.

Dakota High School is an alternative high school program. Learning goals and graduation requirements are the same as at other Fargo Public Schools high schools, though the format and climate differ significantly. Class sizes are capped at 18 students, and every student is assigned a staff advisor. This practice allows the school to focus on the needs of each individual student. Students attend two classes per day. Classes are  hours in length and should take an average of 27 days to complete. Some classes are self-paced while others are teacher-directed. The basic structure and rules of this alternative school make students responsible for their own educational experiences.

History
Originally known as "Woodrow Wilson High School" when it opened in 1917, the program moved from original building on North University Drive in March 2012. The historic building is on the National Historic Register. The high school itself has been moved to the Agassiz Building one mile south. Dakota High School shares Agassiz space with the Fargo Adult Learning Center, Early Childhood Special Education, Middle School Alternative Education Day Program (EDP), Project InVest (post high school life skill transition Special Education program) and EvenStart pre-school and the offices of several District programs and community partners.

In July 2020, in the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd, the Fargo Human Relations Commission unanimously voted to recommend the Fargo School Board rename the school because of Woodrow Wilson's racist policies against African-Americans, including the decision to re-segregate the federal workforce. In 2021, Woodrow Wilson High School was renamed to "Dakota High School".

References

External links
Official website

Education in Fargo–Moorhead
Education in Cass County, North Dakota
Fargo, North Dakota
1917 establishments in North Dakota
Educational institutions established in 1917
Public high schools in North Dakota
National Register of Historic Places in Cass County, North Dakota


title: Venango, Kansas

text:
Venango is an unincorporated community in Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States.  It is located on the east bank of the Kanopolis Lake.

History
A post office was opened in Venango in 1875, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1902.

Education
The community is served by Smoky Valley USD 400 public school district.

See also
 Kanopolis Lake
 Kanopolis State Park
 Mushroom Rock State Park
 Yankee Run, Kansas, located on west bank of Kanopolis Lake

References

Further reading

External links
 Ellsworth County maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Unincorporated communities in Ellsworth County, Kansas
Unincorporated communities in Kansas


title: List of works entitled De viris illustribus

text:
De viris illustribus (Latin, 'On Illustrious Men') is a literary genre found in ancient Roman, medieval and Renaissance literature.

Works titled De viris illustribus include:

De viris illustribus (Cornelius Nepos), 1st century BCE
De viris illustribus (Jerome), completed in 393 CE
De viris illustribus (Gennadius), a continuation of Jerome's work, 5th century
De viris illustribus (Giovanni Colonna), 14th century
De viris illustribus (Petrarch), 14th century
 De viris illustribus urbis Romae a Romulo ad Augustum (Charles François Lhomond), 18th century

See also
De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis (disambiguation)

Lists of books by genre


title: Duhozanye

text:
Duhozanye: A Rwandan Village of Widows is a feature Norwegian documentary film for television from 2011 by director Karoline Frogner.

Norway's previous minister of justice, Knut Storberget, referred to Duhozanye in his latest book: "a film about a community of widows in Rwanda, an insightful and intense
depiction of these widows."

Summary
The Kinyarwanda word duhozanye means "let us console one another". Frogner's film documents the development of the Duhozanye Association founded by Daphrose Mukarutamu, a Tutsi who lost her husband and nine of her eleven children to the Rwandan genocide. The community was at first a group of neighbours who buried the dead and cared for twenty orphans, but grew to a network of some 4000 widows, both Hutus and Tutsis, who cared for each other and for the orphans of the genocide, running courses, starting businesses and participating in national reconciliation.

Screenings
 Shown on Norwegian public broadcasting channel, NRK2, 24 May 2011
 Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse, Cineroom, Bärenschanzstr. 72, 90429 Nürnberg, 10 April 2014
 The House of Literature Oslo, April 2014

References

External links
 Official site of the widow society Duhazonye.
 Jack David Eller's review of Duhazonye on Anthropology Review Database.
 IMDb site for Duhazonye

Rwandan genocide
Documentaries about historical events
Norwegian documentary films
2011 television films
2011 films
2011 documentary films


title: Olcostephanidae

text:
Olcostephanidae is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod family belonging to the superfamily Perisphinctoidea. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous period.

Genera
Bihenduloceras
Olcostephanus Neumayr, 1875
Saynoceras
Subastieria Spath, 1923
Taraisites Canta-Chapa, 1966
Valanginites Sayn, 1910

Distribution
Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Cretaceous sediments of Antarctica, Argentina, Austria, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Russia, United States, as well as in the Jurassic of Argentina and Mexico.

References

Ammonitida families
Perisphinctoidea
Cretaceous ammonites
Ammonites of Europe
Tithonian first appearances
Early Cretaceous extinctions


title: Mohammad Khalvandi

text:
Mohammad Khalvandi (born 11 January 1990) is an Iranian athlete who competes in disability athletics in the F58 category. At the 2012 Paralympics, Khalvandi set a World Record for the F58 class with a throw of 50.98m as he won gold in the combined F57/58 category. Khalvandi also won the combined F57/58 javelin 2013 World title.

References

World record holders in para-athletics
1990 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic athletes for Iran
Paralympic gold medalists for Iran
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Iranian male javelin throwers
21st-century Iranian people
Sportspeople from Kermanshah


The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold was instituted by the State President of the Republic of Bophuthatswana in 1982, for award to all ranks as a long service medal for thirty years service and good conduct.

The Bophuthatswana Defence Force
The Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF) was established upon that country's independence on 6 December 1977. The Republic of Bophuthatswana ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Bophuthatswana Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

Institution
The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold was instituted by the State President of Bophuthatswana in 1982. It is the senior award of a set of three medals for long service and good conduct, along with the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Silver and the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Bronze.

Bophuthatswana's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the Republic of South Africa and these three medals are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Good Service Medal, Gold, the Good Service Medal, Silver and the Good Service Medal, Bronze.

Award criteria
The medal could be awarded to all ranks for thirty years service and good conduct.

Order of wear

Since the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

Bophuthatswana Defence Force until 26 April 1994

Official BDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Independence Medal.
 Succeeded by the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Silver.
Bophuthatswana official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Police Star for Merit.
 Succeeded by the Medal for Faithful Service in the Prisons Service, Gold.

South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

Official SANDF order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Good Service Medal, Gold of the Republic of South Africa.
 Succeeded by the Long Service Medal, Gold of the Republic of Venda.
Official national order of precedence:
 Preceded by the Prisons Medal for Faithful Service, Silver of the Republic of Transkei.
 Succeeded by the Police Star for Merit of the KwaZulu Homeland.

The position of the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold in the order of precedence remained unchanged, as it was on 27 April 1994, when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted in April 1996 for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again when a new series of military orders, decorations and medals was instituted in South Africa on 27 April 2003.

Description
Obverse
The Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold is a silver-gilt medallion, 38 millimetres in diameter and 3 millimetres thick at the rim, with a 4 millimetres wide raised rim and displaying the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Bophuthatswana. The suspender depicts the horns of the Malete (African buffalo).

Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and light brown, with a 6 millimetres wide green band in the centre.

Discontinuation
Conferment of the Medal for Long Service and Good Conduct, Gold was discontinued when the Republic of Bophuthatswana ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.

References

Military decorations and medals of Bophuthatswana
Awards established in 1982
Awards disestablished in 1994
1982 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments in Africa


title: Ospina (disambiguation)

text:
Ospina is a town and municipality in Nariño Department, Colombia.

Ospina may also refer to:

People
 Camilo Ospina Bernal (born 1959), Colombian lawyer and politician
 Carlos Wyld Ospina (1891–1956),  Guatemalan novelist, essayist, and poet
 Daniel Samper Ospina (born 1974), Colombian writer, journalist, and columnist
 David Ospina (born 1988), Colombian footballer
 Germán Ospina (born 1972), Colombian cyclist
 Hernando Calvo Ospina (born 1961), Colombian journalist and writer
 Iván Marino Ospina (fl. 1966–1985), Colombian revolutionary
 John Paul Ospina (born 1980), Colombian entertainer
 Jorge Iván Ospina (born 1965), Colombian politician
 Luciano Ospina (born 1991), Colombian footballer
 Mariano Ospina Pérez (1891–1976), Colombian politician
 Mariano Ospina Rodríguez (1805–1885), Colombian politician, journalist, and lawyer
 Nadín Ospina (born 1960), Colombian artist
 Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez (1858–1927), Colombian general and political figure
 Santander Ospina (born 1974), Colombian footballer
 William Ospina (born 1954), Colombian poet, essayist, and novelist

Other uses
 Ospina Coffee Company, Colombian firm


title: Organization of the Chicago Fire Department

text:
The Chicago Fire Department is the second largest municipal fire department in the United States and one of the largest in North America. The Chicago Fire Department is organized in a paramilitary fashion, similar to that of most large municipal fire departments.

Personnel Profile and Rank Structure
These are executive and emergency response members of the department, including administrative positions. Some of these members are included in emergency response.
The Fire Commissioner (known as Chief of the Department in other cities) is appointed by the Mayor of the city of Chicago and is Confirmed by the City Council.  1st Deputy Fire Commissioner, Deputy Fire Commissioner, Assistant Deputy Fire Commissioner, District Chiefs, Deputy District Chiefs, and Assistant Deputy Chief Paramedics are appointed by the Fire Commissioner. Battalion Chiefs, Captains, Lieutenants, Engineers, Paramedic Field Chiefs, and Ambulance Commanders are by examination.

Apparatus Profile

Below is a complete listing of all fire companies and units operated by the Chicago Fire Department.

Frontline Fire Companies
96 Engine Companies
50 Truck Companies
10 Tower Ladder Companies
1 Aerial Tower Company
4 Squad Companies
1 Fireboat Company
1 Reserve Fireboat Company

EMS Units
 80 Advanced Life Support (ALS) Ambulances
 6 EMS Mass Casualty Triage Units
 1 EMS Mass Casualty Command Support Unit
 1 EMS Oxygen Transport Bus
 1 EMS Transport Bus
 3 EMS Logistics Supply Trucks
 9 EMS Equiped Engines

Command Units and Chief Units
25 Battalion Chief Units (Firefighting Battalion Chief Units 1-24/Special Operations Battalion Chief Unit 5-1-5)
9 Paramedic Field Chief Units (Paramedic Field Chief Units 4-5-1 Through 4-5-9)
14 Deputy District Chief Units (Deputy District Chief Units 2-2-1 to 2-2-9)(Deputy District Chief Units 4-1-5/4-1-6/4-1-8/4-1-9)(Deputy District Chief Units 2-7-11)(5-1-0)(6-4-0)
12 District Chief Units (District Chief Units 2-1-20 through 2-1-32)
2 Assistant Deputy Chief Paramedic Units (Assistant Deputy Chief Paramedic Units 4-4-11/4-4-12)
4 Assistant Deputy Fire Commissioner Units (2-1-9 through 2-1-12)
4 Deputy Fire Commissioners (Deputy Fire Commissioner Units 2-1-5 through 2-1-8)
1 1st Deputy Fire Commissioner Unit (1st Deputy Fire Commissioner Unit 2-1-4)
1 Fire Commissioner Unit (Fire Commissioner Unit 2-1-3)

Special and Support Units
5 Command Vans (2-7-1/2-7-2/2-7-3/2-7-4/2-7-5)
1 Major Incident Command Van (2-7-9)
2 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Incident Team (H.I.T.) Units (5-1-1/5-1-2)
1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Incident Team (H.I.T.) Support Unit (5-1-1a)
1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Decontamination (Decon.) Unit (5-3-0)
1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Mass Decontamination (Decon.) Unit (5-3-1)
1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Mobile Lab (5-1-11)
1 Collapse Rescue Unit (5-2-1)
1 Collapse Rescue Shoring Unit (5-2-2)
1 Technical Rescue Team (T.R.T.) Unit (5-2-5)
1 Tunnel Rescue Unit (5-2-6)
1 Vacuum Truck Unit (5-2-4)
1 Air Compressor Unit (5-2-3)
3 Jump Bag/Trash Pump Units (5-6-1/5-6-3/5-6-5)
1 Utility Unit (5-6-4)
1 Support Unit (6-4-8)
2 Box Trucks (6-4-14/6-4-15)
1 POD Truck (5-6-7)
4 PODs (POD 1-4)
3 Fireground Rehabilitation (Rehab.) Units (5-7-1/5-7-2/5-7-3)
2 Hose Wagons (6-1-1/6-1-2)
2 Dry Chemical (Chem.) Units (6-2-4/6-2-5)
1 High-Expansion (Hi-Ex) Foam Unit (6-3-1)
1 Bulk Foam Carrier Unit (6-3-2)
1 Mobile Battery Vehicle (6-3-4)
3 Breathing Apparatus Service Bottle Trucks (6-4-4/6-4-5/6-4-6)
1 High-Rise Response Unit (6-4-16)
2 Airport Stairway Units (6-3-4/6-3-5)
10 Airport ARFF Crash Rescue Trucks (6-5-1 Through 6-5-10)
2 Airport Mini-Pumper Units (6-3-7/6-3-8)
2 Deluge Units (6-7-3/6-7-6)
2 Helicopters (6-8-1/6-8-2)
1 SCUBA Dive Team Unit (6-8-7)
2 Fast Rescue Boat (6-8-8/6-8-9)
4 Rescue Boats
2 Jet Skis (JS 1/JS 2)
6 Mass Casualty Units (8-8-12 Through 8-8-16)
2 Light Wagons (9-1-3/9-1-5)
2 Smoke Ejector Units (9-2-1/9-2-2)
2 Mobile Ventilation Units (9-2-3/9-2-4)
4 Support Service Canteen Units (5-11 Club) (4-0-1 through 4-0-4)
3 Salvation Army Canteen Units (4-0-5/4-0-6/4-0-7)
1 Special Operations Specialty Extrication Equipment Unit (6-2-7)

Fire Station Locations and Apparatus
The Chicago Fire Department is organized into 5 Districts, which command a total of 24 Battalions and a Special Operations Battalion.

(*) All firehouses are identified by the Engine Company housed there, example " Engine 82s House or Engine 1’s quarters"

(*) Denotes an Advanced Life Support/Paramedic Staffed Company. All CFD Engine companies and Truck companies are Basic Life Support/Emergency Medical Technician Staffed units at a minimum. There are some engine companies and truck companies that are either Advanced Life Support or Basic Life Support staffed units.

1st Fire District
The 1st Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-21). The 1st Fire District has a Deputy District Chief who reports to the District Chief of the District. Firehouse 18 is Headquarters for the 1st Fire District and has Engine 18,Ambulance 65,2-2-1 (Deputy District Chief:1st Fire District) and 6-4-16 (High Rise Unit). It is located at 1360 South Blue Island Avenue in the Near West Side Neighborhood.

2nd Fire District
The 2nd Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-22). The 2nd Fire District has a Deputy District Chief who reports to the District Chief of the District. Firehouse 108 is Headquarters for the 2nd Fire District and has Engine 108,Tower Ladder 23,Ambulance 47,2-2-2 (Deputy District Chief:2nd Fire District) and 6-7-3 (Deluge Wagon). It is located at 4625 North Milwaukee Avenue in the Jefferson Park Neighborhood.

3rd Fire District / Airport Operations Division
The 3rd Fire District is not under the command of a Deputy District Chief. It is commanded by an Assistant Deputy Fire Commissioner (2-1-12) and is in charge of the Airport Operations Division. An Assistant Deputy Chief Paramedic (4-4-11/Engine 44's Firehouse)is in Charge of EMS Operations at O'Hare and 4-4-12 (Engine 84's Firehouse) is in charge of EMS Operations at Midway Airport. Currently (10/22), there is no Deputy District Chief or District Chief assigned to Airport Operations. O'Hare Rescues 1,2,3,4 and Midway Rescue (Airport Side of Firehouse) are located in the 3rd Fire District/Airport Operations Division.

District 3 has a pool of Spare Apparatus that are kept at the respective AMC's (Airport Maintenance Complex) which are located at each airport. This is the repair shops for all vehicles. The following apparatus are at the ORD facility: Engine 9-S/Engine 10-S/6-5-11/6-5-13/6-5-15/AVF-006 [Spare Battalion]/AVF-106 & AVF-107 [Spare Ambulances]/Spare Squad [used by Squad-7 & 5-1-2 if needed].

MDW facility: 6-5-1 R/ 6-5-2 R.

4th Fire District
The 4th Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-24). The 4th Fire District has a Deputy District Chief, who reports to the District Chief of the District. Firehouse 38 is Headquarters for the 4th Fire District and has Engine 38,Truck 48,Ambulance 77 and 2-2-4 (Deputy District Chief:4th Fire District)

Engine 127/Ambulance 54/Battalion 16 are considered "city companies" and all repairs and changing of apparatus are performed at city repair/radio shops.

5th Fire District
The 5th Fire District is commanded by a District Chief (2-1-25). The 5th Fire District has a Deputy District Chief who reports to the District Chief of the District. Firehouse 115 is Headquarters for the 5th Fire District and has Engines 75 and 115,Tower Ladder 24,Ambulances 5 and 76,4-5-6 (Paramedic Field Chief: 6th EMS District) and 2-2-5 (Deputy District Chief:5th Fire District).

Other Facilities
The headquarters of the Chicago Fire Department is located at 3510 S. Michigan Ave.

The CFD's Special Operations Division is located at 3918 S. Honore St.

The CFD's Dispatch Center, the locales of the Main Fire Alarm Office (Main F.A.O.) and the Englewood Fire Alarm Office (Englewood F.A.O.) is located at 1411 W. Madison St.

The CFD's Air Sea Rescue Heliport is located at 3954 E. Foreman Dr.

The Quinn Fire Academy of the Chicago Fire Department is located at 558 W. De Koven St.

The CFD's City Warehouse is located at 1869 W Pershing Rd

The CFD's Support & Logistics Division is located at 31st St. & Sacramento Ave.

The CFD's EMS Support & Logistics Division is located at 31st & Sacramento Ave.

The CFD's Breathing Apparatus and Air Mask Service Station is located at 1044 N Orleans St.

Disbanded Fire Companies

 Engine 3
 Engine 6
 Engine 12
 Engine 17
 Engine 20 - 1992
 Engine 21
 Engine 24
 Engine 25 - 543 West Taylor St. 1978
 Engine 27 - 1244 N. Wells 1978
 Engine 31
 Engine 33
 Engine 36
 Engine 37
 Engine 40
 Engine 41
 Engine 48
 Engine 51- NBC Chicago Fire
 Engine 52
 Engine 53 -
 Engine 61 - 2010
 Engine 66
 Engine 67
 Engine 77 - 2010 - Disbanded to form 2nd Haz-Mat Company
 Engine 85
 Engine 87
 Engine 90
 Engine 100 - 2010
 Engine 105
 Engine 111
 Engine 114
 Engine 118
 Engine 128
 Squad 3 - NBC Chicago Fire
 Truck 43
 Truck 46

See also
 Chicago Fire Department
 New York City Fire Department
 Organization of the New York City Fire Department
 Los Angeles Fire Department

References

External links
 CFD Organizational Chart
 CFD Fire Company Locations Chart
 CFD Radio Signatures Chart
 CFD Locations and Maps
 Map of Chicago Fire Dept
 CFD Official Website

Chicago Fire Department


title: Sciensus

text:
Sciensus (formerly Healthcare at Home) is a pharmaceutical supplier established in 1992 by founder and former chairman Charles Walsh based in Burton on Trent.

The company supplies a wide range of pharmaceuticals and home healthcare with around 1,600 employees dealing with more than 230,000 patients a year.  It works with every NHS trust in the UK.

In Spring 2015, Healthcare at Home reverted to using in house logistics rather than working with a third party for all deliveries.

In Autumn 2015, the company went through a full corporate rebranding, including new logos, literature, strap line and website in an attempt to re-establish the company's status in the market.

The company's name was changed in 2022 from "Healthcare at Home LTD" to "Sciensus Pharma Limited", using only "Sciensus" to refer to themselves from then on.

In July 2023, 1 patient died and 3 were hospitalised after being administered unlicensed versions of cabazitaxel chemotherapy provided by Sciensus. This follows reports in May 2023 of complaints of poor service and delays raised about the company, sparking a possible CQC review. This resulted in "partial suspension" of its licence by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

History
In 2013 Healthcare at Home took over almost 3,000 patients from another drug delivery company, Medco Health Solutions which pulled out of the UK market.  Subsequently, the company struggled to maintain services.  In March 2014 Healthcare at Home said that it was no longer accepting new ‘high risk’ patients such as those suffering from haemophilia or respiratory diseases like cystic fibrosis because it could not guarantee getting their drugs to them on time or in full.  The company blamed IT issues and a ‘system failure’ relating to the firm's outsourcing of its logistics and warehousing departments.  Dave Roberts, chief executive of the National Clinical Homecare Association, says there are questions about whether the rapid growth and low profit margins in the sector have contributed to the situation. ‘There’s been 20% growth in this sector year on year for several years now in terms of numbers of patients – that’s a very rapid expansion. But profits in this sector are just 2-4%. That is a poor return given the extent of capital investment needed and the governance and logistics issues. As NHS budgets have fallen, all the slack has been cut out of contracts,’ Roberts added.

In its 2014 accounts Healthcare at Home, which is majority-owned by private equity firm Vitruvian Partners, reported a turnover of £1bn, with pretax profits of just £15m.

The chief executive Mike Gordon stepped down in June 2014 after the revelation that seven per cent of the firm's 150,000 patients had not received their medication on time or in full during the last six months.

In May 2021 it was reported that the firm had missed almost 10,000 medicine deliveries when it introduced a new IT system in October 2020 and it was put in special measures by the Care Quality Commission.  The inspectors found they failed to properly investigate some health and safety incidents and "did not always learn lessons when things went wrong".

On 16 October 2023, Sciencus were given 28 days to reform the firm's complaints handling process due to issues around ignoring patients concerns. The CEO of Sciencus received a written warning from the Rob Behrens, Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman.

References

Private providers of NHS services
Pharmaceutical companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Staffordshire
Health care companies of England


title: Viroqua High School

text:
Viroqua High School is the public high school in Viroqua, Vernon County, Wisconsin as a part of the Viroqua Area School district.

Viroqua High serves about 334 students, grades 9-12, and offers a variety of co-curricular sports and activities that include student council, cheerleading, cross country, football, golf, tennis, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics, hockey, wrestling, baseball, softball, and track and field.

Students at Viroqua High can take Advanced Placement courses and exams. The rate of participation for AP course work is currently 23 percent.

History

Early history

The first school in Viroqua was taught by Mrs. Margaret C. Terhune, in the old log court house building during the latter part of the summer and fall of 1851. The school started two or three weeks after the arrival of W. F. Terhune and his wife. There were about sixteen scholars in attendance. The term lasted about three months and was paid for by subscription at $2 for each scholar. During the succeeding winter of 1851–2 Judge Terhune taught the school at the same place and upon the same plan. Jennie Clark, now Mrs. Messersmith had charge during the following summer.

The old log building continued to be used for school purposes about two years, after which rooms were rented for public schools until 1856, when, the district having been organized, a school house was erected. It stood opposite the present residence of Warren Dunlap. It was, for those days, a commodious frame building, containing two rooms. School was then held in this building. Among the teachers who at different times had charge of the school while this building was in use were: R. C. Bierce, C. M. Butt, L. M. Perham, O. C. Smith, Mr. Moore, T. B. Brown and A. D. Chase. This school house was used for school purposes until 1868, when the present building was erected and the old one was sold to Charles Brown at auction. IIe moved it to a block east of his present place of business, where he used it for a shop for some time and finally sold it to J. H. Tate. It is now used as a dwelling house.

The present building, as stated, was erected in 1868. It is a large stone structure, occupying an excellent site a few blocks east of the main part of town.

The Viroqua high school was organized in 1876. A large brick edifice was erected a little east of the center of town, in 1882, at a cost of

$2,400 for the high and grammar schools. The lower departments occupy the stone building formerly occupied by all the departments. In 1882–3 new furnaces were placed in both buildings and now the schools are heated and ventilated by the latest improved methods. The grounds surrounding the school are extensive and are beautified with different varieties of treeS.

In 1883 the teachers were as follows: High school, C. J. Smith, principal; Lona Washburn, assistant; grammar department, Emma F. Howell, teacher; first intermediate department, Hattie E. Terrell; second intermediate department, Eliza Haughton; first primary department, Ida B. Coe; second primary, Hattie McRie.

Thus it will be seen that the educational facilities of Viroqua are excellent, and the public schools are justly a matter of pride to the citizens.

In 1883 the school board consisted of the following gentleman: Director, R. S. McMichael; clerk, H. A. Chase; treasurer, Earl M. Rogers. The committee upon examination of graduating class was composed of O. B. Wyman, William Haughton and C. J. Smith.

Notable alumni
 Andrew H. Dahl, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1899 to 1901 and 1903 to 1907.
 Mark C. Lee, former NASA astronaut who flew on four Space Shuttle missions, graduated in 1970.
 Loren Oldenburg, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly since 2019.
 David Roth, opera director
 Jill Soltau, former CEO of JCPenney.
 Butch Vig, musician, songwriter, and record producer.

References

External links
 Viroqua High School Website

Schools in Vernon County, Wisconsin
Public high schools in Wisconsin


title: Givira leonera

text:
Givira leonera is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Chile.

The length of the forewings is about 13 mm.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Givira
Endemic fauna of Chile
Moths described in 1957


title: Helsingborg Marathon

text:
The Helsingborg Marathon is planned to be an annual long-distance running event through much of Helsingborg. With a maximum limit of 2000 participants, the marathon race is expected to become the second largest marathon in Sweden, second to Stockholm Marathon, both in number of participants and number of elite runners. The start is at Sundstorget in the central city and the finish is at Gröningen, not far north of the start.

History
The promoters Andreas Gartmyr and Simon Wikstrand started planning the race in 2012.

General
The contestants must pass the midway control three hours after the start. The maximum time limit for Helsingborg Marathon is six hours. The participants (four in each team) run in the relay, alongside the marathon runners. The first relay runner will start one hour after the marathon runners. The minimum age for the marathon distance is 18, while age 15 is enough for the relay. Water stations are located regularly along the path. Some of these also offer energy drinks, bananas and oranges. Timing is done with an electronic disposable chip that is built into the bib number. The timer records the runner's net time, which means that the timing starts when the participant cross the starting line, and stops when the participant crosses the finish line. Sprinters who choose to abort the race are offered free taxi ride down to the finish area.

The course
The race consists of one counter-clockwise lap around Helsingborg and spans 42,195 meters of winding roads, mostly asphalt. The starting area is located at Sundstorget, near Dunkers Cultural center in the heart of Helsingborg. The finish line is found about 500 meters north of the start, on Gröningen. But before that, the runners must pass three controls, where they may run through a portal in order to register their middle times. They also function as switching areas for the relay. They are located near Ättekulla Nature Reserve, Olympia Park and Pålsjö forest.

The first seven kilometers takes the runners along the sea and the harbor, overlooking Denmark on the right side. Once at the track's southernmost point, Råå minor harbor, the river Råån is crossed, before reaching the Ättekulla Nature Reserve, where the hiking path Landborgspromenaden begins. Fourteen kilometers into the race, the athletes reach Ramlösa brunnspark and shortly thereafter the natural area Jordbodalen. Halfway through the marathon, the participants continue through Fredriksdal Museums and Gardens. They then pass the football stadium Olympia, and then run through the Helsingborg arena. Thus, Helsingborg Marathon is the first marathon in Europe that goes indoors. A while later, the high fortress Kärnan appears. The next significant stop is Pålsjö castle, followed by a passage through Sofiero Castle gardens. The final five kilometers stretch along the road Strandvägen, past the beach Fria bad and finally along the boardwalk, parallel to Gröningen.

Winners

References

External links
Helsingborg Marathon
YouTube The YouTube-channel of Helsingborg Marathon, where the entire race is recorded on bike

Marathons in Sweden
Athletics competitions in Sweden
2014 establishments in Sweden
Recurring sporting events established in 2014
Sports competitions in Helsingborg
Autumn events in Sweden


title: Givira tristis

text:
Givira tristis is a moth in the family Cossidae first described by Francis Walker in 1856. The type location is given as "Patria ?", but it is not clear where this is.

References

Givira
Moths described in 1856


title: Maurice Woods

text:
Maurice Woods (May 28, 1938 – November 1, 1983) was an American actor.

He was an actor, known for Trading Places (1983), Attica (1980) and Will: The Autobiography of G. Gordon Liddy (1982)

Away from the film industry, Woods was seen in many Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway productions, such as “The Last Street Play”.

On November 1, 1983, Woods died of cancer, in the Lenox Hill Hospital, Manhattan. He was aged 45. He was survived by his wife, Lauren Woods and children, Simeon and Patricia.

References

External links

1938 births
1983 deaths
American male film actors
20th-century American male actors


title: Hypopta actileuca

text:
Hypopta actileuca is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Mexico.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypopta
Moths described in 1918


title: Hypopta ambigua

text:
Hypopta ambigua is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Paraguay.

References

External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypopta
Moths described in 1818


title: Hypopta palmata

text:
Hypopta palmata is a moth in the family Cossidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1910. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from western Texas, Arizona, Nevada, California and Baja California Norte. The habitat consists of deserts and desert mountains.

The length of the forewings is 13–15.5 mm for males and up to 20 mm for females. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to September.

References

Hypopta
Moths described in 1910


title: Givira arbeloides

text:
Givira arbeloides is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. .

The wingspan is about 27 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to October.

References
Notes

Sources
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Givira
Moths described in 1899


title: Inguromorpha basalis

text:
Inguromorpha basalis, the black-lined carpenterworm moth, is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from the south-eastern United States, from New Jersey south to Florida and west to Missouri and Arkansas.

The wingspan is 26–38 mm. Adults have been recorded from May to August.

References

Bibliography
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Inguromorpha buboa

text:
Inguromorpha buboa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Brazil.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia adornata

text:
Langsdorfia adornata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Ecuador (Loja Province).

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia albescens

text:
Langsdorfia albescens is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Chile.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae
Endemic fauna of Chile


title: Langsdorfia andensis

text:
Langsdorfia andensis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Colombia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia argentata

text:
Langsdorfia argentata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Argentina.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia beatrix

text:
Langsdorfia beatrix is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Guatemala.

The wingspan is about 34 mm. The forewings are white at the base, limited by an oblique black line from the costa to the submedian area and a finer line from the inner margin. The wing is otherwise white tinged with ocherous, crossed by fine fuscous brown striae. The hindwings are whitish grey with faint darker striae.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia bellaria

text:
Langsdorfia bellaria is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Colombia.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia buckleyi

text:
Langsdorfia buckleyi is a moth in the family Cossidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1901. It is found in Ecuador.

References

Hypoptinae
Moths described in 1901


title: Langsdorfia coresa

text:
Langsdorfia coresa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1901 and is found in Colombia.

The wingspan is about 27 mm. The forewings are greyish brown, with dark brown markings and small spots on the costa, in the cell and below it. The hindwings are dark brown, with darker streaks and reticulations.

References

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia dukinfieldi

text:
Langsdorfia dukinfieldi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Brazil (Para).

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Hypoptinae


title: Langsdorfia forreri

text:
Langsdorfia forreri is a moth in the family Cossidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1887. It is found in Mexico and Honduras.

References

Hypoptinae


title: Neotropidion nodicolle

text:
Neotropidion nodicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dalman in 1823.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1823


title: Katsuhiko Hanada

text:
Katsuhiko Hanada (Japanese: 花田 勝彦; born 12 June 1971 in Kyoto) is a retired Japanese athlete who competed in the long-distance events. He represented his country at two Summer Olympics, in 1996 and 2000.

Competition record

Personal bests
5000 metres – 13:23.49 (Maia 1999)
10,000 metres – 27:45.13 (Sydney 2000)
Half marathon – 1:01:38 (Tokyo 1998)
Marathon – 2:10:02 (1997)

References

1971 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kyoto
Japanese athletics coaches
Japanese male long-distance runners
Japanese male marathon runners
Olympic male long-distance runners
Olympic athletes for Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
20th-century Japanese people
21st-century Japanese people


title: Neotropidion pulchellum

text:
Neotropidion pulchellum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1968.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1968


title: Hapoel Karmiel F.C.

text:
Hapoel Karmiel () is an Israeli football club which represents the city of Karmiel . The club currently plays in Liga Gimel's North division.

The club has good reputation of being the most Fair Play club in Liga Alef for five consecutive seasons, and as a result, won the right to represent Israel in the UEFA Regions' Cup for the third consecutive time.

History
F.C. Karmiel Safed was formed in 2009 by a merger of Beitar Safed, which played in Liga Alef North division and Hapoel Karmiel, which played in Liga Bet North A division.

The best result of the club to date, was third-place finish in Liga Alef North at the 2013–14 season and qualification to the promotion play-offs, where they lost 0–2 in the first round to Hapoel Migdal HaEmek.

The club participated three times in the UEFA Regions' Cup. In the 2011 edition, they have reached the Intermediary round.

Honours

League

1Achieved by Beitar Safed

External links
Hapoel F.C. Karmiel Safed  Israel Football Association

References

Football clubs in Israel
Hapoel football clubs
Association football clubs established in 1960
Association football clubs disestablished in 2008
Association football clubs established in 2019
1960 establishments in Israel
2008 disestablishments in Israel
2019 establishments in Israel


title: Opacibidion opacicolle

text:
Opacibidion opacicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1931.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1931


title: Opacibidion rugicolle

text:
Opacibidion rugicolle is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Nonfried in 1895.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1895


title: Gocha Khugaev

text:
Gocha Khugaev, (Russian: Гоча Олегович Хугаев) (born 16 July 1984) is a Russian athlete who competes in disability athletics in the F58 category. At the 2012 European Championships Khugaev set a European record whilst winning the 200 metres. He also won gold in the long jump in a combined F37/38 class, however an illegal wind reading of 2.4 m/s prevented him from setting a world record. Khugaev set a F37 world record for the long jump at the London Paralympic Games as he won gold in a combined F37/38 class.

References

World record holders in para-athletics
1984 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Russia
Paralympic athletes for Russia
Russian male long jumpers
Russian male sprinters
Sportspeople from Vladikavkaz
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)


title: Opacibidion sulcicorne

text:
Opacibidion sulcicorne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1855


title: Montreal Castors

text:
Montreal Castors was a Canadian soccer team, founded in 1975. The team played in the National Soccer League, winning the championship in 1978 and 1979 before withdrawing from the league in 1979.

The Castors played their home games at the Claude-Robillard Stadium in Montreal, which was built for the 1976 Summer Olympics.

History
Italian-born businessman, Tony Iammatteo, founded the club in 1975. The Castors featured several star soccer players from Europe and South America, including Brito, Cané, Aguinaldo Moreira, Lima, Toninho Guerreiro, Franco Gallina and Igor Bachner, and Canada men's national soccer team regulars such as Tino Lettieri and Gordon Wallace. In 1978, the team compiled a 15-1-4 record as they won the National Soccer League for the first time. The following season, the team had a 16-1-3 record as it won the league a second consecutive time.

Year-by-year

Honours
National Soccer League: 2
1978, 1979

Notable players

References

External links

Association football clubs established in 1975
Canadian National Soccer League teams
Association football clubs disestablished in 1979
1975 establishments in Quebec
1979 disestablishments in Quebec
Soccer clubs in Montreal


title: Red Bull Flying Bach

text:
Red Bull Flying Bach is a dance performance by Flying Steps and guest ballerina Yui Kawaguchi / Anna Holmstrom. The work combines breakdance with modern ballet, performed to an electronica adaptation of Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier. The music was arranged by Christoph Hagel and the piece choreographed by Vartan Bassil.

The performance has been popular worldwide, and premiered in the United States in June 2014. It won an Echo Klassik award in 2010. This routine was performed at the Bundestag, the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest and the Federal Presidency's Summer Festival, and it was given a special Echo award.

References

Johann Sebastian Bach
Modern dance


title: Ophtalmibidion auba

text:
Ophtalmibidion auba is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1999.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1999


title: Ophtalmibidion luscum

text:
Ophtalmibidion luscum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1971.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1971


title: Ophtalmibidion oculatum

text:
Ophtalmibidion oculatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1969.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1969


title: Ophtalmibidion tetrops

text:
Ophtalmibidion tetrops is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1870.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1870


title: Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil

text:
Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil was installed as the 14th dynastic ruler of Copán on 7 June 738, 39 days after the execution of Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil. Little is known of his reign due to the lack of monuments raised after Quiriguá's surprise victory. Copán's defeat had wider implications due to the fracturing of the city's domain and the loss of the key Motagua River trade route to Quiriguá. The fall in Copán's income and corresponding increase at Quiriguá is evident from the massive commissioning of new monuments and architecture at the latter city and Copán may even have been subject to its former vassal. Kʼakʼ Joplaj Chan Kʼawiil died in January 749.

Notes

References

8th-century monarchs in North America
Kings of Copán
8th century in the Maya civilization


title: Raney Shockne

text:
Raney Shockne is an American music composer and producer based in Los Angeles. He has written and produced songs for Giorgio Moroder, Pitbull, Britney Spears, Foxes, Matthew Koma, Leona Lewis and others. His score and songwriting collaborations have appeared in over 30 films and 100 televisions shows to date. Shockne is perhaps best known as the composer of USA drama Queen of the South, CBS primetime comedy Kevin Can Wait, Anger Management (FX Network) starring Charlie Sheen, the film The To Do List (Aubrey Plaza), and Fame, where his remake of the title song reached the American Billboard Hot 100. Additionally, Shockne's current video game credits include Cyberpunk 2077, Star Wars Battlefront II, Tron RUN/r, Dragon Age: Inquisition and The Sims franchise.

Film work

 The Wedding Year [composer]
 Josie [composer]
 Cover Versions [composer]
 Peppermint [original songs]
 The Assignment [composer]
 American Pastoral [original songs]
 Internet Famous [composer]
 Zoolander 2 [original songs]
 Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No! [original songs]
 Ashby [original songs]
 The Age Of Adaline [original songs]
 McFarland USA [original songs]
 The To Do List [composer]
 Tzipora's Nest
 Stand Up Guys [original songs]
 Scream 4 [original songs]
 The First Time
 The Back-up Plan [original songs]
 Crank: High Voltage [original songs]
 Fame (2009) [original songs / title track / on screen music production]
 Untraceable [original songs]
 Fuel [original songs]
 Feathers to the Sky
 Chasing the Dream (Documentary) [original songs]
 Novel Romance
 Rising Son: The Legend of Skateboarder Christian Hosoi [additional songs]
 Shafted!
 Love from Ground Zero [composer: additional music]

Television work
 Debris [composer]
 Queen of the South [composer]
 Haunted [composer]
 Ultimate Surfer [composer]
 Kevin Can Wait [composer]
 Project Runway [composer]
 Anger Management [main title / composer]
 Pawn Stars [composer]
 Deadliest Catch [original songs]
 Make It Pop [composer]
 Project Runway: Junior [composer]
 The Incredible Dr. Pol [main title / composer]
 Finding Bigfoot [composer]
 Project Runway: Threads [composer]
 Under the Gunn [composer]
 Best Ink [composer]
 Tiny House Nation [composer]
 American Restoration [composer]
 The Governor's Wife [composer]
 Chasing Tail [composer]
 Cajun Pawn Stars [composer]
 Project Runway All Stars [composer]
 Counting Cars [composer]
 CSI [original songs]
 CSI: NY [original songs]
 Vegas [original songs]
 Jersey Shore [composer]
 Funny or Die Presents [composer]
 The Real L Word [composer]
 Run's House [composer]
 Taking the Stage [composer]
 True Life [composer]
 Men of a Certain Age [original songs]
 Burn Notice [original songs]
 Film School [composer]

Videogame work
 Star Wars Battlefront II [original songs]
 Tron RUN/r [original songs]
 Dragon Age: Inquisition [original songs]
 The Sims 4 [original songs]
 Cyberpunk 2077 [original songs, as Point Break Candy]
  Wanted: Dead [covers]

Album work
Pitbull: La Reina De Blanco [Mr. 305 Inc.]
Giorgio Moroder: Deja Vu [RCA Records]
Britney Spears: Tom’s Diner [RCA Records]
Matthew Koma: Tempted [RCA Records]
Foxes: Wildstar [RCA Records]
Fame: Naturi Naughton [Lakeshore Records]

References

American male composers
21st-century American composers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American male musicians


title: Margaret Weir

text:
Margaret M. Weir (born July 17, 1952) is an American political scientist and sociologist, best known for her work on social policy and the politics of poverty in the United States, particularly at the levels of state and local government.

Career
Weir is currently a professor at Brown University. She was a professor of political science and sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, where her research and teaching fields included American political development, urban politics and policy, political sociology, and comparative studies of the welfare state. She is also a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, where she had served previously as a senior fellow in governmental studies, from 1992 to 1997. From 1985 to 1992, she was a faculty member at Harvard University in the Department of Government.

Weir is currently involved in a number of organizations. She is director of the Building Resilient Regions Network, which is funded by the MacArthur Foundation. At the Scholars Strategy Network, she is co-director of the Bay Area regional network and a regular contributor of briefs. She also serves on the advisory board at the Center for Labor Research and Education (UC Berkeley Labor Center).

Weir has written widely on social policy and politics in the United States. In Politics and Jobs: The Boundaries of Employment Policy in the United States (Princeton University Press, 1992), she addresses the power of ideas in policymaking and the politics of interest formation in order to explain the persistence of lacking employment policy in the United States. With Ira Katznelson, Weir coauthored Schooling for All: Class, Race, and the Decline of the Democratic Ideal (Basic Books, 1985), which focuses on public school systems in Chicago and San Francisco in order to examine equal access to education as a dwindling civil right. Weir has also edited several volumes, including The Politics of Social Policy in the United States with Ann Shola Orloff and Theda Skocpol (Princeton University Press, 1988).

Weir's chapter "Creating Justice for the Poor in the New Metropolis," from Justice and the American Metropolis (University of Minnesota Press, 2011) was the topic of discussion on the radio show Against the Grain on January 10, 2012.

In 2004, Weir received an Investigator Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for work on American health policy reform.

Selected bibliography
 Weir, Margaret. 2011. "Creating Justice for the Poor in the New Metropolis" in Justice and the American Metropolis ed. Clarissa Hayward and Todd Swanstrom. University of Minnesota Press. 237-256.
 Weir, Margaret and Sarah Reckhow. 2011. "Building a Stronger Regional Safety Net: Philanthropy's Role." Metropolitan Opportunity Series, Brookings Institution.
 Weir, Margaret, Benjamin Ginsberg, and Theodore Lowi. 2010. We the People (eighth edition). W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
 Weir, Margaret. 2006. "When Does Politics Create Policy? The Organizational Politics of Change" in Rethinking Political Institutions: The Art of the State ed. Ian Shapiro, Stephen Skowronek, and Daniel Galvin. New York University Press. 171-186.
 Weir, Margaret. 2005. "States, Race, and the Decline of New Deal Liberalism." Studies in American Political Development 19(2):157-172.
 Weir, Margaret, Harold Wolman, and Todd Swanstrom. 2005. "The Calculus of Coalitions: Cities, Suburbs, and the Metropolitan Agenda." Urban Affairs Review 40(6):730-760.
 Weir, Margaret. 2002. "Income Polarization and California's Social Contract" in The State of California Labor ed. Ruth Milkman. University of California Press. 97-131.
 Weir, Margaret. 2002. "The American Middle Class and the Politics of Education" in Social Contracts Under Stress ed. Olivier Zunz, Leonard Schoppa, and Nobuhiro Hiwatari. Russell Sage Foundation. 178-203.
 Weir, Margaret. 2001. "The Political Collapse of Bill Clinton's Third Way" in New Labour ed. Stuart White. Palgrave Macmillan. 137-148.
 Weir, Margaret. 2000. "Coalition-building for Regionalism" in Reflections on Regionalism ed. Bruce J. Katz. Brookings Institution Press. 127-153.
 Weir, Margaret. 2000. "Planning, Environmentalism, and Urban Poverty: The Political Failure of National Land Use Planning Legislation, 1970-1975" in The American Planning Tradition: Culture and Policy ed. Robert Fishman. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. 193-215.
 Weir, Margaret. 1999. "Politics, Money, and Power in Community Development" in Urban Problems and Community Development eds. Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens. Brookings Institution Press. 139-192.
Weir, Margaret (ed.). 1998. The Social Divide: Party Politics and the Future of Activist Government. Brookings Institution and Russell Sage Press.
 Weir, Margaret and Marshall Ganz. 1997. "Reconnecting People and Politics" in The New Majority ed. Stanley Greenberg and Theda Skocpol. Yale University Press. 149-171.
 Weir, Margaret. 1995. "The Politics of Urban Racial Isolation in Europe and America" in Classifying By Race ed. Paul E. Peterson. Princeton University Press. 217-243.
 Weir, Margaret. 1992. Politics and Jobs: The Boundaries of Employment Policy in the United States. Princeton University Press.
 Weir, Margaret, Ann Shola Orloff, and Theda Skocpol (eds.) 1988. The Politics of Social Policy in the United States. Princeton University Press.
 Weir, Margaret and Ira Katznelson. 1985. Schooling for All: Class, Race and the Decline of the Democratic Ideal. Basic Books.

References

External links
 The Brookings Institution
 Building Resilient Regions Network
 Center for Labor Research and Education (UC Berkeley Labor Center)
 Scholars Strategy Network

American sociologists
American women sociologists
American women political scientists
American political scientists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of Chicago alumni
1952 births
Living people
21st-century American women


title: Opsibidion albifasciatum

text:
Opsibidion albifasciatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Giesbert in 1998.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1998


title: Opsibidion albinum

text:
Opsibidion albinum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1870.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1870


title: Opsibidion flavocinctum

text:
Opsibidion flavocinctum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1960.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1960


title: South African order of battle during Operation Savannah

text:
[[File:Elandy.png|thumb|''Savannahs workhorse, the ubiquitous Eland armoured car]]
The South African Defence Force deployed a number of Combat Groups comprising South African and Angolan elements during Operation Savannah (Angola).  Initially, only Combat Groups A and B were deployed, with the remaining groups being mobilised and deployed into Angola later in the campaign.  There has been much dispute the overall size of Task Force Zulu.  Current evidence indicates that the Task Force started with approximately 500 men and grew to a total of 2,900 with the formation of Battle Groups Foxbat, Orange and X-Ray.

Note: Armoured cars and artillery batteries were frequently reassigned between Combat Groups depending on the nature of the task on hand.

Task Force Zulu

 Task force commander: Col Koos van Heerden
 Combat Group Alpha Commander: Cmdt. Dellville Lindford until 20 December 1975, thereafter Cmdt. P.C. Myburgh
 1x Fletcha Battalion
 1x Caprivi Bushman Company
 1x Angolan Bushman Company
 2x Troops Eland-90 armoured cars
 1x 81mm mortar platoon
 1x Battery 140mm artillery
 Combat Group Bravo'''
 Commander:  Cmdt. Jan Breytenbach
 1x Battalion Chipenda faction ex FNLA soldiers
 3x Troop Eland-90 armoured Cars
 1x Troop 25-pound howitzer
 1x Battery (3 guns) 140mm howitzer

Independent Combat Groups

Foxbat
 Task force commander:  Cmdt. Eddie Webb (Maj H. Holtzhausen at time of establishment) and later Cmdt. George Kruys
 Several hundred UNITA soldiers
 3x Entac AT missile vehicles
 3x UNITA AML-90 armoured cars
 2x Sabre Landrovers mounted with twin .50" Browning
 1x Squadron Eland 90 Armoured Cars

Orange
 Commander Cmdt. Dolf Carstens
 1x UNITA Battalion
 1x Motorised Infantry Company B Coy - 2 SAI
 1x Squadron Eland-90 armoured cars
 1xTroop 140mm artillery
 1x Platoon Medium Machine Gun HQ Coy - 2 SAI
 1x Company Zaire Army

X-Ray
 Commander: Capt. Fred Rindel
 1x UNITA Battalion
 1x SADF Infantry Company
 1x Squadron Eland-90 and Eland 60 armoured (22 cars) cars

References

Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah (Angola), Operation
Conflicts in 1975
Conflicts in 1976
Cross-border operations
Military history of Angola
Orders of battle


title: Young Living

text:
Young Living is a multi-level marketing company based in Lehi, Utah. Founded by Donald Gary Young in 1993, it sells essential oils and other related products.

History

1993–2014: Formation of Young Living
Donald "Gary" Young gained an interest in alternative medicine after suffering a back injury in the early 1970s. Then, he became interested in essential oils after meeting with a French lavender distiller at a conference in California before traveling to France to learn distillation. He purchased a  farm in St. Maries, Idaho, with his wife in the early 1990s, and Young Living was founded in 1993 in Riverton, Utah, with Gary as CEO, and incorporated in 1994. A second farm in Mona, Utah, was purchased in 1996.

In 1996, the company projected sales of between $8 and $10 million, and reported annual sales of more than $1 billion from 2015 and 2017.

Starting in 2000, Gary ran the Young Life Research clinic in Springville, Utah. After settling a lawsuit in 2005, the clinic was closed, and he opened a clinic in Ecuador, practicing medicine and performing surgery there, over concerns from Young Living's COO, David Stirling. He also opened his first international farm in Ecuador in 2006. In 2010, they became the "first large commercial distillery" to distill essential oils from frankincense, and in 2014 their Highland Flats distillery "became the first automated, large-capacity, computerized steam distilling facility ... for essential oils".

In 2008, David Stirling was fired from the firm and founded the rival company doTerra, and in August 2013, Young Living filed suit against doTerra for theft of trade secrets, alleging that the company had recreated their production process illegally. Young Living lost the case in 2017, and in 2018, a judge ordered it to pay doTerra's legal fees amounting to $1.8 million. The companies also settled lawsuits around faked lab tests, false advertising, and theft of trade secrets, and withdrew their negative claims in relation to the purity of each other's products.

2015 to present: Post Donald Gary Young
Young stepped down as CEO in 2015, and his third wife, Mary Young, assumed the role. The company moved their corporate operations to Lehi, Utah, in 2014, receiving tax breaks in order to expand their operations, and in 2017, started construction on their new corporate headquarters. Gary died in 2018.

Business model
Young Living employs a multi-level marketing model, recruiting "thousands of independent distributors who can sell directly to customers and earn commissions on sales to distributors recruited into a hierarchical network called 'downlines'". Although distributors can potentially make a profit from direct sales, more money is made by commissions through sales made by people who the distributors recruit. Distributors are categorized based on their sales: the lowest rank with the least sales are referred to as simply "Distributors", while at the top are the "Royal Crown Diamonds".

In 2017, the New Yorker reported that distributors are required by Young Living to make $100 of purchases per month to qualify for a commission. According to a public income statement from 2016, approximately 94% of Young Living's active members made less than a dollar, while less than one tenth of one percent (about one thousand Royal Crown Diamond distributors) made over a million dollars.

According to an analysis of the company's 2018 income disclosure statement by Business Insider, 89% of all members attempting their own business were on the bottom tier, earning an average of $4 annually, while those on the first three tiers, comprising 98.7% of active members, averaged between $4 and $1,551 annually, not counting required monthly costs to remain active with the company.

Products
Young Living sells essential oils and other related products. It claims to sell completely pure, naturally derived oils. Its products are sold online and through distributors.

A report by Business Insider in 2020 documented at least 11 complaints made to the FDA between 2013 and 2014 of "Young Living customers claiming serious adverse event reactions to the products". The FDA concluded the cause of one case to be a possible product failure while the others determined to be the result of incorrect usage or allergic reaction.

Prohibited marketing claims
In September 2014, Young Living was one of three companies warned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its marketing practices. The FDA identified multiple instances of claims being made by Young Living's distributors on social media and other websites where they marketed Young Living products as possible treatments for cures of Ebola virus and other conditions. The letter also stated that Young Living's website made claims that promoted products in such a way that the federal government would classify the products as drugs. The company subsequently agreed to address the violations cited by the FDA.

In 2020, the National Advertising Division of the Better Business Bureau recommended Young Living stop claiming that its products are 'therapeutic grade', as it did not have the requisite scientific support to support such claims. The company disagreed and stated they would appeal, while at the same time agreeing to stop making various health and wellness claims about its products and their ingredients.

In 2022, the FDA issued a warning letter to Young Living for illegally marketing several of their products as misbranded, unapproved, new drugs, including "Essential Oil", "Vitality", "Ningxia", and "Nature's Ultra CBD", when none of such products had been adequately studied by "adequate and well-controlled clinical studies in the published literature that support a determination that any of these products are generally recognized as safe and effective for use under the conditions prescribed, recommended or suggested in their labeling."  Specifically for the product containing cannabidiol (CBD) called "Nature's Ultra CBD", the FDA stated that a "nonprescription drug product containing CBD cannot be legally marketed without an approved new drug application, regardless of whether the CBD is represented on the labeling as an active ingredient or an inactive ingredient. To date, no CBD-containing drug has met applicable FDA requirements to be legally marketed for nonprescription use."

Litigation
In 2000, the Utah Occupational Safety and Health Division (UOSHD) investigated a distiller explosion that fatally wounded a worker at Young Living Farms in Mona. UOSHD fined Young Living Farms $10,280 for seven safety violations.

In 2014, Young Living hired counsel for an internal investigation of its importing practices. The investigation resulted in the voluntary disclosure of violations of the Lacey Act of 1900 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 for illegally trafficking rosewood oil and spikenard oil. The company was subsequently fined $760,000 in 2017 after pleading guilty to the charges. In addition to the fines levied, the company was placed on probation for a period of five years.

In April 2019, a proposed class-action lawsuit was filed under the RICO Act, alleging that Young Living is an unlawful pyramid scheme. The suit was dismissed in 2021 for failing to adequately allege the claims made by plaintiff.

References

External links

Direct sales companies
Personal selling
Multi-level marketing companies based in Utah
Companies based in Lehi, Utah
American companies established in 1993
Nutritional supplement companies of the United States
1993 establishments in Utah


title: Masayoshi Haneda

text:
is a Japanese film and stage actor. He is best known for the role as Tanaka in the Westworld series.

Career
At an early age, Haneda decided to pursue an acting career. From 1999 to 2000, under Yoko Narahashi, he attended the United Performers' Studio (UPS Academy) in Tokyo, where he took part on theatre in stage plays. After graduation he passionately continued his studies with workshops conducted  by teachers of the Actors Studio, New York. In 2003, he was a stunt performer on the 2003 film The Last Samurai.

Haneda has appeared in films such as When the Last Sword Is Drawn (2003), Oh! My Zombie Mermaid (2004), Marebito (2004), Godzilla: Final Wars (2004), and Memories of Matsuko (2006). His international debut started in July 2006, with the joint French–German–Indian independent film Valley of Flowers. In 2008, Haneda appeared in a role in the American–Japanese film The Ramen Girl. In 2012, Haneda had a supporting role as a driver to Matthew Fox's character and interpreter in Emperor. This was followed by a role playing a samurai in 47 Ronin in 2013. In 2014, he was a soldier in Edge of Tomorrow.

Personal life
Haneda met singer-songwriter Hitomi Furuya during a play in 2007. They were married on July 11, 2008. The couple have one child, a daughter, born on December 23, 2008. On December 6, 2011, it was reported that Haneda and Furuya had filed for divorce after it was revealed that they had been living separately for over six months by then.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Male actors from Tokyo
People from Chiyoda, Tokyo
Japanese male film actors
Japanese male stage actors
21st-century Japanese male actors


title: Paracompsa flavofasciata

text:
Paracompsa flavofasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1867.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1867


title: Paracompsa latifascia

text:
Paracompsa latifascia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1970.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1970


title: Thomas Osborne (Australian journalist)

text:
Thomas Hamilton Osborne (c.1806 – 28 May 1853) was a journalist and politician in colonial Victoria (Australia).

Osborne studied Natural Philosophy, Belfast.
Mercer was elected  to the district of Belfast and Warrnambool in the inaugural Victorian Legislative Council in  October 1851.

Osborne resigned from the Council in December 1852. He was editor and proprietor of the Belfast Gazette.

References

1806 births
1853 deaths
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Burials in Victoria (state)
19th-century Australian politicians


title: Perissomerus alvarengai

text:
Perissomerus alvarengai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1961.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1961


title: Fashion Design Council of Canada

text:
The Fashion Design Council of Canada (FDCC) is a non-government, not-for-profit organization co-founded in 1999 by Pat McDonagh and Robin Kay. Their mission is to showcase Canadian fashion design nationally and internationally as well as introducing foreign designers to local Canadian markets. The FDCC aims to connect "designers, media, buyers, sponsors, and industry."

The current president of the FDCC is one of the founders Robin Kay. Joe Mimran, fashion designer best known for creating Club Monaco and Joe Fresh, is the current chairman of FDCC's board of directors. The FDCC's head office is currently located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Fashion week acquisition by IMG

In August 2012, the Fashion Design Council of Canada announced that they had sold Toronto's World MasterCard Fashion Week to the global media business IMG. In a press release at the time, Robin Kay said, "I am confident that the time is right for IMG to take World MasterCard Fashion Week to the next level." It was seen as a major coup for the FDCC and Robin Kay whose hard work to build Toronto Fashion Week as a major player in the global fashion calendar was recognised by IMG. As a result of the change of ownership, Robin Kay stepped down from her position as Toronto Fashion Week executive director. However, in the subsequent years, Toronto Fashion Week has waned both in public support and private sponsorship.

References

Culture of Toronto
1999 establishments in Ontario


title: Perissomerus dasytes

text:
Perissomerus dasytes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1968.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1968


title: Gery Vink

text:
Gery Vink (Born 30 August 1965) is a Dutch football coach.

Career
Vink is the current head coach of the Ajax A2 selection of Dutch football club AFC Ajax. He was previously head coach of the reserves team Jong Ajax, having been coach of the A2 selection again once prior. Vink joined the ranks of Ajax in 2006, winning the A-Junioren Eerste Divisie on two occasions. 2008 and 2009. He became manager of Jong Ajax during the Winter break of the 2010–11 AFC Ajax season, and his contract was extended until 2014. In 2013 Vink has resumed the role as head coach of the A2 selection once more.

In 2014 Vink took over the Ajax A1 selection at the annual Copa Amsterdam, replacing the recently departed Orlando Trustfull at the tournament. Ajax finished in 6th place.

Personal life
His son Wimilio Vink is a footballer.

Honours

Manager
Ajax A2 (under-18)
A-Junioren Eerste Divisie: 2007–08, 2008–09

Jong Ajax
KNVB Reserve Cup: 2012

References

Living people
1965 births
Dutch football managers
Jong Ajax managers
AFC Ajax non-playing staff
SV TEC managers
Willem II (football club) non-playing staff


title: Perissomerus flammeus

text:
Perissomerus flammeus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1971.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1971


title: Perissomerus hilairei

text:
Perissomerus hilairei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1909


title: Perissomerus rubrus

text:
Perissomerus rubrus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2007.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 2007


title: Perissomerus ruficollis

text:
Perissomerus ruficollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1961.

References

Neoibidionini
Beetles described in 1961


title: Karai

text:
Karai may refer to:

Toponym
Karai, Iran,
Karai, Perak, Malaysia
Karai, Sultanpur, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India

Demonym
Qarai Turks (Karāʾi, Qarāʾi) or "Black Tatars"
Karai, caste subdivision among Mallar (caste), Urali Gounder caste, in India
Karai, landlord class among the Guaraní people
Karai, extinct Turkic language written in Hebrew script of Crimean Karaites

Surname
József Karai, Hungarian composer
Karai Senryū (:ja:柄井川柳; 1718–1790), Japanese poet, originator of Senryū form

Cuisine
Karai, also spelled Karahi, Indian cooking pot
Karai, braised in Indian cuisine
Karai, spicy in Japanese cuisine

Fictional characters
Karai, a major supporting character in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise, in which she is the on-and-off love interest and rival of the katana-wielding Ninja Turtle leader Leonardo
Karai, name of Count Nikolai Rostov's dog in some translations of Tolstoy's War and Peace

See also

Karay (disambiguation)
Karli (name)
Karri (disambiguation)
Qarai (disambiguation)


title: Glorious (Foxes song)

text:
"Glorious" is a song by English singer and songwriter Foxes. It is the fourth single from her debut studio album, Glorious. The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 10 August 2014.

Background
Foxes officially announced "Glorious" as the fourth single from her debut album on 5 June 2014. She announced it from the set of the video shoot, which took place in Barcelona.

Music video
The music video for "Glorious" confirmed on the date Foxes announced the next single would be "Glorious", on 5 June 2014. She made the announcement from the set for the video shoot in Barcelona. The music video was directed by Justin Anderson.
The music video begins with the title "Welcome to Glorious", and features Foxes singing in tennis clothes, whilst sitting down at a table at what appears to be a health spa. Patrons are sat amongst the tables with their faces mostly blocked by flowers on the tables as Foxes sings to the camera. The video continues on showing scenes of patrons lazing about in a pool, and working out. The video ends with one person being pushed into the pool as Foxes sings next to it. The video totals 3 minutes and 43 seconds.

Track listings
Digital download
 "Glorious" (Radio Edit) – 3:39

Digital remixes EP
 "Glorious" (Mike Mago Remix) – 6:05
 "Glorious" (Everything Everything Remix) – 4:15
 "Glorious" (Great Good Fine OK Remix) – 5:18
 "Glorious" (Zoo Station Remix) – 5:18

Charts

Release history

References

2014 songs
2014 singles
Foxes (singer) songs
Songs written by Foxes (singer)