title: Jungle (band)

text:
Jungle is a British electronic music project founded in 2013 by producers Josh Lloyd-Watson and Tom McFarland, who are based in London.

To date, Jungle have released four studio albums: Jungle (2014), which was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize, For Ever (2018), through XL Recordings, Loving in Stereo (2021), via their independent imprint Caiola Records, and Volcano (2023), also via Caiola Records.

Background
Jungle was founded by Josh Lloyd-Watson and Tom McFarland. The pair had been friends since they were nine years old, where they lived next door to each other in Shepherd's Bush, London.
They went on to form Jungle at the beginning of 2013, choosing to put an aesthetic emphasis on the music's surrounding artwork and videos, and not on the pair's own identity (Lloyd-Watson and McFarland came to be known as J and T). Throughout the following year Jungle developed its nature as a collective by working with different artists across diverse disciplines. To perform the music live, Jungle expanded to a seven-piece band, fronted by J and T. The pair wished to challenge themselves, resisting the temptation to simply re-produce their music from their laptops, and instead translated their songs into a full and organic live experience. J and T have explained that Jungle stemmed from a desire for 'honesty… true connection and friendship. It's about being in a collective and collective energy… [a] team spirit.'

Musical career

2013–2018: Jungle

Jungle released their single "The Heat" on 21 October 2013 through Chess Club Records. In December 2013, Jungle were nominated for BBC's Sound of 2014 prize. That year, the group played at South by Southwest in Texas in March 2014. On 16 June 2014, the band played on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, and played Glastonbury Festival later that month.

Their debut album Jungle was released through XL Recordings on 14 July 2014. To celebrate the release, the band played a special launch party on a Peckham rooftop. The show was filmed using drones. During launch week the band played live sessions on BBC Radio 1, 2 and 6 Music.

During August 2014, the band played Reading and Leeds Festivals. During September 2014, Jungle played live on Le Grand Journal (Canal+), played with Pharrell Williams at London's Roundhouse for the iTunes Festival, and played live on Later... with Jools Holland.

The album "Jungle" was shortlisted for the 2014 Mercury Prize in September 2014. "Busy Earnin'" was also voted in at Number 67 in the 2014 Triple J Hottest 100 Countdown in Australia.

In early 2015, it was announced that the band would perform at the Boston Calling Music Festival in May 2015. On 26 June 2015, Jungle played on the Other Stage at the 2015 Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival. On 9 December 2017, they performed as part of the line up of Trópico, a 3-day-long music festival in Acapulco, Mexico.

Use of songs in media
Their song "Busy Earnin'" has been featured in many television shows and other media. It is present in the playlists of FIFA 15 and Forza Horizon 2 and was featured in TV productions several times, e.g. in the opening sequence and credits for the Tales from the Borderlands episode "Zer0 Sum", as a background music in a bar in Season 2 Episode 6 of Brooklyn Nine-Nine as well as in a club scene in German television series Tatort (episode 916: "Der Wüstensohn"). Since the end of 2014, "Busy Earnin'" has been the title song of the German TV show Mein bester Feind. It was also featured in season 2, episode 10 of American sitcom "Superstore".Also in the American TV show House of Lies. In 2022, iTV Sport's British Touring Car Championship TV broadcasts race results and championship standing screens featured instrumental "Happy Man" and "Smile" as background audio. Their song, "Drops" was used as the end-credits track in episode 6, season 2 of the HBO series, "Looking".

2018–2019: For Ever

On 8 May 2018, Jungle released two new singles, "House in L.A." and "Happy Man," on a 7-inch record, and on multiple digital music platforms.

On 22 September 2018, the band played their single "Heavy, California" on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and, on 11 December 2018, the band played their single "Smile" on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.

Use of songs in media
On 13 September 2018, their single "Heavy, California" was used to open the Apple September event. In December 2018, the band's single Platoon was used for the Peloton Digital Commercial. Their single "Beat 54" was featured in football video game by EA Sports, FIFA 19. Recently during the summer of 2019, Jungle's song, "The Heat", was played in Starbucks Nitro Cold Brew TV Commercial, 'Whoa Nitro' Starbucks. Their single "Happy Man" was featured in a commercial by phone network O2 in 2019, the first season of Spanish Netflix series Elite, and as the opening theme to the Apple TV+ show WeCrashed.

In April 2017 their track "Busy Earnin'" was used for the Toyota Yaris Hybrid TV advert.

2021–2022: Loving in Stereo
On 16 March 2021, Jungle premiered a trailer for "Loving in Stereo" featuring a vignette of the dancers regularly associated with the collective from previous videos, performing in some sort of abandoned compound or prison. As of the date of the trailer's release, it was initially unclear whether the title was in reference to their next album or just a single.

It was not until 22 March 2021 that Loving in Stereo was confirmed as the title of their third studio album, by way of the announcement of the album's first single, "Keep Moving" which premiered via Annie Mac's BBC Radio 1's Hottest Record on 23 March 2021.

2023–present: Volcano

On 27 March 2023, the band announced their fourth studio album, Volcano, would be released on 11 August 2023 via Caiola Records.

On 11 August 2023, the band released a music film for their fourth studio album, Volcano.

Music videos
Jungle is known for their one-shot dance videos directed by Josh Lloyd-Watson, one-half of Jungle, who often works with the same dancers, choreographer, and cinematographer.

Music videos for Casio, Heavy California, Cherry and the directors cut for Happy Man, were choreographed by Nat Zangi and Kane Klendjian (KZ Creatives) who also stars in the Happy Man. All four music videos were directed by Josh Lloyd-Watson and Charlie Di Placido, with Oliver Hadlee Pearch co-directing on Happy Man. The director of photography for all four videos was Olly Wiggins.

The dancers in Casio are Will West, Che Jones, Nathaniel Williams, Jordan Melchor, Ziggy Taylor and Mette Linturi.

Members
Jungle
Josh Lloyd-Watson – lead vocals, guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, synthesizers, sampler (2013–present)
Tom McFarland – lead vocals, bass, keyboards, synths, samplers (2013–present)
Lydia Kitto – lead vocals, keyboards, flute, guitar, bass (2020–present)

Touring

Current
George Day – drums, samplers (2013–present), percussion (2021–present)
Geo Jordan – percussion, guitar, keyboards, bass, backing vocals (2021–present)
Dominic Whalley – percussion, synthesizers, backing vocals (2013–2021; 2022–present)

Former
Andro Cowperthwaite – backing vocals (2013–2018; 2019–2021)
Jordan "PHANTOMjjjjj" Hadfield – bass, drums, percussion, backing vocals (2021–2022)
Fraser MacColl – guitar, bass, backing vocals (2013–2021)
Rudi Salmon – backing vocals (2013–2021)
Nat Zangi – backing vocals (2018–2019)
Andreya Triana – backing vocals (2021–2022)

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Other charted songs

Remixes

Music videos

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

2013 establishments in England
English electronic music duos
Male musical duos
Musical groups established in 2013
Musical groups from London
People from Shepherd's Bush
XL Recordings artists


title: Toxitiades vinosus

text:
Toxitiades vinosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1893.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1893


title: Hathaway, Montana

text:
Hathaway is an unincorporated community in Rosebud County, Montana, United States. Hathaway is located at Exit 117 on Interstate 94, roughly  west-southwest of Miles City. The community had a post office until July 29, 1995; it still has its own ZIP code, 59333.

The Northern Pacific Railroad established a section stop named Martin here in 1882. In 1883 the name was changed to honor Gen. Forrest Henry Hathaway.

References

Unincorporated communities in Rosebud County, Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana


title: Trypogeus apicalis

text:
Trypogeus apicalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1936.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1936


title: Trypogeus aureopubens

text:
Trypogeus aureopubens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1903.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1903


title: Trypogeus barclayi

text:
Trypogeus barclayi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2007.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2007


title: Trypogeus cabigasi

text:
Trypogeus cabigasi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2005.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2005


title: Charles François Philibert Masson

text:
Charles François Philibert Masson (1762 in Blamont — 1807 in Coblenz) was a Frenchman who is notable for the books that he published. His Secret Memoirs of the Court of St Petersburg described the court of Catherine the Great and Paul I of Russia. They are still in print.

Charles François Philibert Masson was a member of the Institut de France

The Frenchman started his career as an apprentice watchmaker in Neuchâtel, but he was more interested in the arts and traveled to Russia where he became the tutor of the children of Count Nikolai Saltykov, the Minister of War. The count made him his major domus. He made himself popular in the élite of Saint Petersburg through his wit, his taste in literature and his conversation.

He became private secretary to grandduke Alexander of Russia, the man who became Tsar Alexander I in 1805.

Charles François Philibert Masson was popular in the great houses of Saint Petersburg and at court but the tyrannical Tsar Paul I expelled him from Russia as an outspoken sympathiser of the French Revolution.

He lived in Germany for a while before returning to France where he published his Mémoires secrets sur la Russie.

At the time of his death he worked as a French government-official, "secrétaire-général de la préfecture", in Coblenz by the Rhine, in those days a French city.

Some of the works by Charles François Philibert Masson
Secret Memoirs of the Court of St Petersburg, published in 1800 or 1802, translated from the French into English in 1895
les Helvétiens: En Huit Chants , poems, 1799
La nouvelle Astrée, a novel about knights
Ode sur la fondation de la république, a poem that won a prize from the Institut de France in 1802
statistique du département de Rhin et Moselle, a work on geography
les jardins de Samboursky, a poem
Elmire ou la fleur qui ne se flétrit jamais, a story, Berlin 1790
Cours mémorial de géographie Berlijn 1787 and St. Petersburg 1790. An instruction for pupils of the school for artillery

References
 Secret memoirs of the Court of St. Petersburg, particularly towards the end of the reign of Catherine II, and the commencement of that of Paul I, translated from the French, accessible on
 Ephémérides du comté de Montbéliard, présentant, pour chacun des jours.... Par Charles Duvernoy, accessible on

1762 births
1807 deaths
French poets
French male poets
French male novelists
18th-century French novelists
18th-century French poets
18th-century French male writers


title: Trypogeus coarctacus

text:
Trypogeus coarctacus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Holzschuh in 2006.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2006


title: Tae-yong

text:
Tae-yong is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 20 hanja with the reading "tae" and 24 hanja with the reading "yong" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. Additionally, there is one character with the reading "ryong" which may also be written and pronounced "yong" in South Korea.

Notable people with this name include:
Cho Tae-yong (born 1956), South Korean diplomat
Kim Tae-yong (born 1969), South Korean film director
Shin Tae-yong (born 1970), South Korean footballer
Kim Taeyong (writer) (born 1974), South Korean writer
Kim Tae-yong (director, born 1987), South Korean film director
Lee Tae-yong (born 1995), South Korean singer, member of boy bands NCT and SuperM

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: George Ranken (soldier)

text:
George Ranken (4 January 1828 – 28 February 1856) was a British soldier and author. A major in the Royal Engineers, he was known for his service in the Crimean War and travel writing.

References

1828 births
1856 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
British travel writers
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Accidental deaths in Ukraine


title: Trypogeus albicornis

text:
Trypogeus albicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lacordaire in 1869.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1869


title: Trypogeus fuscus

text:
Trypogeus fuscus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Nonfried in 1894.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1894


title: Trypogeus javanicus

text:
Trypogeus javanicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1924.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1924


title: Won-yong

text:
Won-yong is a Korean masculine given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 35 hanja with the reading "won" and 24 hanja with the reading "yong" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. Additionally, there is one character with the reading "ryong" (, meaning "dragon") which may also be written and pronounced "yong" in South Korea.

People with this name include:
Kang Won-yong (1917–2006), South Korean Presbyterian leader
Kim Won-yong (1922–1993), South Korean archaeologist
Wonyong Sung (born 1950s), South Korean professor of electronic engineering
Jung Won-yong (born 1992), South Korean swimmer

See also
List of Korean given names

References

Korean masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Trypogeus sericeus

text:
Trypogeus sericeus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1951.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1951


title: Trypogeus superbus

text:
Trypogeus superbus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1922.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1922


title: Tsivoka peyrierasi

text:
Tsivoka peyrierasi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Villiers in 1982.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1982


title: Tsivoka simplicicollis

text:
Tsivoka simplicicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1890.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1890


title: Tsivoka testaceipes

text:
Tsivoka testaceipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1889.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1889


title: Villiersicus fulvus

text:
Villiersicus fulvus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2005.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2005


title: Villiersicus longicornis

text:
Villiersicus longicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2005.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2005


title: Linor Goralik

text:
Linor Goralik (, born Yuliya Borisovna Goralik,  on 9 July 1975, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR) is an Israeli author, poet, artist, essayist and marketing specialist.

Biography

Early years and family

She was born on 9 July 1975 in a Jewish family in Dnipropetrovsk, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union (now Dnipro in Ukraine).

Her family emigrated to Israel in 1989. In her interviews she said that she became seriously interested in mathematics at the age of 10. She studied computer science from 1991 to 1994 at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheba.

In 1999, with the help of Alexander Zhitinsky she published her first book of poetry.

Moscow period

Goralik lived in Moscow from 2000 to 2014. She worked there as a journalist and marketing analyst. At that period she translated works of Etgar Keret and Vytautas Pliura (with Stanislav Lvovsky). She also started working in cultural marketing, with Stanislav Lvovsky she organized several art exhibitions and projects, bringing contemporary Israeli culture to Moscow.

In 2002, she held her personal exhibition titled "Pity without looking" at the Marat Gelman gallery.

In 2003, she won ‘Triumph’ Youth prize.

As a teacher, she taught marketing at the Stockholm School of Economics and fashion theory at the Institute of Humanities Historical and Theoretical Studies at the Higher School of Economics.

She is a regular contributor to the magazines Teoriya Modi (‘Fashion Theory’), New Literary Review, she also has a column on the cultural studies of contemporary costume in the newspaper Vedomosti.

The Hare named FML

In 2006, she created a series of comics about ‘the Hare named FML’ (in Russian mat, his name is abbreviated ‘pizdetz’). In the scenes, the protagonist encounters his imaginary friends, their dialogs are full of sad irony and ‘touching cynicism’. As Goralik puts it, ‘he is about politics and everyday survival’.

Activism

In February 2013 she recorded an address in support of the Russian LGBT community.

After the 2014 annexation of Crimea she returned to Israel, but continued to travel between the two countries until November 2021. She is a vocal opponent to Vladimir Putin's regime and to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In August 2023 Goralik was added to Russia's list of ‘foreign agents’, according to the Russian Ministry of Justice Goralik had spoken out against Russia’s “special military operation in Ukraine” (Russia's official term for the invasion of Ukraine) and had "created or disseminated materials for foreign agents.”.

Personal life

Goralik confesses that she has bipolar disorder, which she is treating with the help of a psychologist, psychotherapist and medication.

Works

 The Book of Quotations, "Цитатник" (poems, 1999, )
 Outsiders, "Не местные" (2003, )
 The Tale About The Northern Lights, "Сказка о северном сиянии" (with Yuriy Sorochkin) (2003)
 The Tale About  Fairy Metal, "Сказка о волшебном металле". (with Yuriy Sorochkin) (2004)
 No (alternative English title - PG-21), "Нет" (novel, with Sergey Kuznetsov, 2004, )
 Half the Sky, "Половина неба" (novel, with Stanislav Lvovsky, )
 Speaks, "Говорит" (2004, )
 Meals not for Kids, "Недетская еда" (2004, )
 The Book of Lonelinesses, "Книга одиночеств" (2004, with Max Frei)
 A Hollow Woman. Barbie's World Inside and Outside, "Полая женщина. Мир Барби: изнутри и снаружи" (2005, )
 Martin Isn't Crying, "Мартин не плачет" (fable, 2007, )
 Pull the Hook Hard, Petrusha, "Подсекай, Петруша" (poems, 2007, )
 Meals not for Kids. Without Desserts, "Недетская еда. Без сладкого" (2007, )
 The Hare Named FML, "Заяц ПЦ" (comics, 2007, )
 The Hare Named FML 2.0, "Заяц ПЦ 2.0" (comics, 2008)
 In Short, "Короче" (flash fiction, 2008, )
 Agatha Goes Home, "Агата возвращается домой" (fable, 2008, )
 The Hare Named FML 3.0, "Заяц ПЦ 3.0" (comics, 2008), reissue (2011)
 Valery, "Валерий" (novelette, 2011)
 The Folklore of the Sector M1 Inhabitants, "Устное народное творчество обитателей сектора М1" (flash fiction and poems, 2011)
 The Bible Zoo, "Библейский зоопарк". Серия "Чейсовская коллекция" (М.: Текст, 2012)
 A Guide to Israel (only and exclusively) for Kids, "Путеводитель по Израилю (только и исключительно) для детей" (M.: Текст, 2013)
 Private Persons. Biographies of Poets Told by Themselves, "Частные лица. Биографии поэтов, рассказанные ими самими" (M.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2013)
 So It Was A Whistle, "Так это был гудочек" (poems, Ozolnieki: Literature Without Borders, 2015, )
 Found Life: Poems, Stories, Comics, a Play, and an Interview (Columbia University Press, 2017). Edited by Ainsley Morse, Maria Vassileva, and Maya Vinokour. )
 Agatha Looks Up, "Агата смотрит вверх" (М.: Livebook, 2017)
 The Vespers Beast, "Всенощная зверь" (poems, Ozolnieki: Literature Without Borders, 2019)
 A Guide to Israel, "Путеводитель по Израилю" (М., 2019)
 The 203 Stories About The Dresses, "203 истории про платья" (with Maria Voul) (М., 2019)
 The Cold Water of Venisana, "Холодная вода Венисаны" (young adult fantasy, M.: Livebook, 2019); second edition, 2021
 All Capable Breathing The Breath, Все, Способные дышать дыхание (М.: АСТ, 2019, )
 Martin Isn't Crying, "Мартин не плачет" (fable with illustrations by author, М., 2021).
 The Double Bridges of Venisana, "Двойные мосты Венисаны" (М.: Livebook, 2021).
 The Secret Passages of Venisana, "Тайные ходы Венисаны" (М.: Livebook, 2021)
 Named After That One, "Имени такого-то" 15 (М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2022 )
 The Black Fire of Venisana, "Черный огонь Венисаны" (М.: Livebook, 2022)
 Bobo Bobo (2023)

References

External links

 Linor Goralik's official site
 A few very short stories in English
 Linor Goralik at Babylon site
 Bibliography of English translations

1975 births
21st-century essayists
21st-century Russian poets
21st-century Russian women writers
Living people
Writers from Dnipro
Russian activists against the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russian women essayists
Russian women poets
People listed in Russia as foreign agents


title: Xanthopiodus angulicollis

text:
Xanthopiodus angulicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1897.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1897


title: Xanthopiodus hiekei

text:
Xanthopiodus hiekei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2001.

References

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 2001


title: Kinsey, Montana

text:
Kinsey is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Montana, United States. Kinsey is located on Secondary Highway 489 near the Yellowstone River,  northeast of Miles City. There is a school at Kinsey, and also a post office serving ZIP code 59338.

The town name came from Jack Kinsey, who opened a post office in 1898.

References

Unincorporated communities in Custer County, Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana


title: Andrés Mosquera (footballer, born 1989)

text:
Andrés Javier Mosquera Murillo (born 19 September 1989 in Medellín, Colombia) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

Teams
 La Equidad 2010
 Bogotá FC 2011–2012
 Independiente Medellín 2012
 Bogotá FC 2013
 Deportivo Pasto 2013–2014
 Deportes Copiapó 2014–2015

References

1989 births
Living people
Colombian men's footballers
Footballers from Medellín
Men's association football forwards
Categoría Primera A players
Primera B de Chile players
La Equidad footballers
Bogotá F.C. footballers
Deportivo Pasto footballers
Independiente Medellín footballers
Deportes Copiapó footballers
Portuguesa F.C. players
Envigado F.C. players
Club Deportivo Universitario players
Colombian expatriate men's footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Panama
Expatriate men's footballers in Panama


title: Apatophysis anatolica

text:
Apatophysis anatolica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis baeckmanniana

text:
Apatophysis baeckmanniana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis barbara

text:
Apatophysis barbara is a species of African longhorn beetle in the tribe Apatophyseini with records from Algeria and Tunisia.  It is the type species in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

External links

Dorcasominae
Beetles described in 1858


title: Apatophysis caspica

text:
Apatophysis caspica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis centralis

text:
Apatophysis centralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Texas Tough

text:
Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire is a 2010 book by Robert Perkinson, published by Metropolitan Books.

Perkinson, an American Studies professor at University of Hawaii at Manoa, describes the criminal justice system in Texas and how it formed in the context of the post-United States Civil War environment. Perkinson states that, unlike the prisons described in his book, the early prison systems studied by many criminologists are those in New England. Perkinson describes the historical system as being punishment-only and primarily motivated to suppress black people when it was no longer possible to legally enslave them without their having committed a crime. Therefore, Perkinson perceived this system as a continuation of slavery. The book covers the terms of O.B. Ellis and George Beto as the heads of the Texas prison system, as well as the Ruiz v. Estelle lawsuit. The author argues that in the post-Civil Rights Movement era in the 20th Century the rest of the country ultimately adopted the punitive Southern attitude towards incarceration.

The book criticizes the expansion of incarceration and the pro-incarceration political movements.

Background
The book's title originates from an October 2000 report by the Justice Policy Institute. Perkinson spent over 10 years researching the book; he consulted 30 archival collections, conducted ethnographic research, and used government records. Perkinson also interviewed David Ruiz, the plaintiff of Ruiz v. Estelle; William Wayne Justice, a federal judge; other current prisoners; former prisoners; prison guards; congressional officials; other writers; reform activists; and attorneys.

Reception
Sasha Abramsky of the Columbia Journalism Review argued that "Perkinson tells a generally compelling (if overlong and occasionally unfocused) story, which blends history, cultural commentary, folklore, and ethnography." Abramsky recommends reading Texas Tough and Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010) at the same time, because of the juxtaposition of the two different types of prison environments and prisoners described.

Dr. Paul M. Lucko of Murray State University described the book as "a superb historical analysis". Lucko argued that Perkinson's focus on Texas as the source of anti-blacks does not take into account historically higher sentences for blacks in the Northeast before and after the U.S. Civil War; he also stated that "Perkinson does not satisfactorily explain how the judicially discredited Texas control model inspired the nation's prison construction boom", and that it may be unfair to single out Texas if the book argued that "the prison itself is more irredeemable than most of its inmates."

R. D. McCrie of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York described it as a "brilliant and important publication" that "alas, isn't easy reading at times."

David Pitt of Booklist deemed the work "[a] fascinating and often deeply troubling book."

Mitchel P. Roth of the Southwestern Historical Quarterly described the book "wide-ranging, well-organized and well written" work "that should be among the standard works on Texas criminal justice history for years to come" and that "Anyone trying to gain an understanding of the Texan love affair with the prison system will find many of the answers in this provocative and thoroughly researched book."

See also
 Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010; Piper Kerman's memoir)
 Texas Department of Criminal Justice

References

External links
 Texas Tough official website
Sample chapter (Archive)
 Big Think Interview With Robert Perkinson - Big Think, April 23, 2012

2010 non-fiction books
History books about the United States
Books about Texas
History of Texas
Politics of Texas


title: Capt. Goodgame House

text:
The Capt. Goodgame House is a historic house at 45 Highway 128 in Holly Springs, Arkansas.  Built in 1918, this single story wood-frame house is an unusual late and high quality example of a vernacular style of house architecture more typically seen in 19th century construction in the area.  It has a gable roof, and is clad in novelty siding.  A porch extends across the front facade, supported by plain chamfered posts.  The gable ends of the roof are extended, with full pediments, and the door and window surrounds are more elaborate than are typically seen in the area.  The interior of the house follows a standard central hall plan, but the detailing is again of a particularly high quality.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses completed in 1918
Houses in Dallas County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas


title: Apatophysis danczenkoi

text:
Apatophysis danczenkoi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis. It can be found in the country of Iran.

References
http://www.globalspecies.org/ntaxa/172427

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis farsicola

text:
Apatophysis farsicola is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis hotanica

text:
Apatophysis hotanica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis kadleci

text:
Apatophysis kadleci is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis karsica

text:
Apatophysis karsica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis kashgarica

text:
Apatophysis kashgarica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis komarowi

text:
Apatophysis komarowi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis margiana

text:
Apatophysis margiana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis modica

text:
Apatophysis modica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the genus Apatophysis and subgenus Angustephysis. It is found it Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan.

References

Dorcasominae
Taxa named by Charles Joseph Gahan
Beetles described in 1906


title: Apatophysis pavlovskii

text:
Apatophysis pavlovskii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis richteri

text:
Apatophysis richteri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis roborowskii

text:
Apatophysis roborowskii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis serricornis

text:
Apatophysis serricornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis sieversi

text:
Apatophysis sieversi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis sinica

text:
Apatophysis sinica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Jack Null

text:
Marvin Jackson "Jack" Null (December 6, 1924 – May 8, 2003) was an American college basketball coach. A native of Staunton, Virginia and a graduate of the University of Richmond, Null coached the Virginia Military Institute basketball team for three years in the 1950s. In addition to his service to VMI, Null headed Richmond's freshman teams in football, basketball, and baseball for four seasons. He also coached Lake Worth High School in Lake Worth, Florida.

Early life
Null was born on December 6, 1924 in Staunton, Virginia. He went to Staunton High School as well as the now-defunct Staunton Military Academy. After graduating in 1943, he attended the University of Richmond where he played on the school's football, basketball, and baseball teams. Null continued to work with Richmond following his graduation in 1947, coaching the freshman football, basketball, and baseball teams.

Coaching career
After working four seasons with the Spiders, Null returned to his hometown to head the Staunton Military Academy basketball program. In three years at SMA, Null was 49–11 and the team won the 1951 Northeastern Prep School Basketball Tournament in Glens Falls, New York.

Null next went to Florida where he was the head coach of Lake Worth High School, now known as Lake Worth Community High School, for one season. He then returned to his home state in 1955 and joined the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, near his hometown of Staunton. In his first year with the Keydets, the team went 4–19 and 3–11 in the Southern Conference. The Keydets never managed to win more than four games under Null, and he resigned following the conclusion of the 1957–58 campaign. His record at VMI was 12–58.

Later life
Following his retirement from coaching, Null established a firm in 1964, Jack Null & Company. He started a prominent career in realty, directing the Virginia Association of Realtors, the Richmond Multiple Listing Service, and the Richmond Association of Realtors. Null was named the Realtor of the Year in 1987. Additionally, he was a founding member of the Richmond Sports Backers and a former director of the SMA Foundation.

Null died on May 8, 2003, due to complications from an aneurysm. He was 78 years old, and left behind five children.

Head coaching record

Basketball

References

1924 births
2003 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Baseball players from Virginia
Basketball coaches from Virginia
Basketball players from Virginia
People from Staunton, Virginia
Richmond Spiders baseball coaches
Richmond Spiders baseball players
Richmond Spiders football coaches
Richmond Spiders football players
Richmond Spiders men's basketball coaches
Richmond Spiders men's basketball players
VMI Keydets baseball coaches
VMI Keydets basketball coaches
VMI Keydets football coaches


title: Apatophysis vartianae

text:
Apatophysis vartianae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis vedica

text:
Apatophysis vedica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis kashmiriana

text:
Apatophysis kashmiriana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Protapatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Apatophysis montana

text:
Apatophysis montana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Protapatophysis.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Eli Lieb

text:
Eli Lieb  is an independent American pop singer-songwriter from Fairfield, Iowa. In 2014, Lieb resided in Los Angeles, where he was working on his second album.

History
At twenty, Lieb left his hometown of Fairfield, Iowa, to pursue music professionally in New York City.  In addition to attending classes at The New School and at Pepperdine University, Lieb began singing at local open mic sessions, where he was introduced to Jonathan Daniel of Crush Management. The two began meeting with record labels, and Lieb began collaborating with other songwriters. During this period, Lieb's father died; he abruptly ceased his music career and moved back to Fairfield. For more than three years, he did not play or write a song.

2009–2011: Debut album
In 2009, Lieb began recording covers of popular songs and uploading them to YouTube from his home in Fairfield. His videos accrued a large number of views while the positive response he received online encouraged him to release his first album, the self-titled Eli Lieb, independently on October 25, 2011. Lieb wrote, recorded, and produced the album on his own in Fairfield.

2013–present: Post-debut singles and second studio album
Lieb's single "Young Love" was released in July 2013, with music blog Idolator calling it "an instantly catchy, uplifting pop/rock anthem that sounds like a cross between Katy Perry and Bruce Springsteen". In October 2013, Lieb's YouTube cover of Miley Cyrus's "Wrecking Ball" went viral and was supported through social media by singers Adam Lambert and Lucy Hale.

In 2014, Lieb released a free digital download titled "Safe In My Hands" in conjunction with Allstate's #OutHoldingHands campaign. The song was performed and co-written by Lieb and was featured in a short animated film for the same campaign. "Safe In My Hands" was also featured in the Season 2 summer finale of ABC Family's The Fosters and won "Best In Show" and "Best Original Song" at the 2015 American Music Producers Awards for Music and Sound.

On July 8, 2014, Lieb released a single "Zeppelin" produced by John Feldmann. The accompanying music video was released on July 15 and was directed by Geoff Boothby.

On September 13, 2014, Lieb performed "Young Love" at the GLAAD Gala San Francisco: Game Changers event for LGBT equality through the media.

Lieb went on to release the single "Lightning in a Bottle", also produced by Fieldman, and its accompanying music video on November 19, 2014. He went on to work on a second album with Feldmann as producer. As of March 2023, he has almost 58 million views on his YouTube channel.

Songwriting
In 2013, Lieb moved to Los Angeles to further his career as a songwriter. He has collaborated with artists including Cheyenne Jackson and Crystal Bowersox. He is also confirmed to have collaborated with Adam Lambert.

In 2015, Lieb has written with musical acts such as Hey Violet and Laura Marano alongside writing partner Stacy Jones.

In March 2016, Eli and singer-songwriter Steve Grand co-wrote a duet, "Look Away". By June 2019, the music video had received over 2,300,000 views on YouTube.

On June 13, 2016, two days after the Orlando nightclub shooting, Lieb and Brandon Skeie co-wrote a song named "Pulse" and released it in memory of the victims in the shooting.

Personal life
Lieb is openly gay, a subject that is frequently featured in his songs and music videos.

Lieb comes from a meditating family and has been practicing Transcendental Meditation since childhood. He credits it with allowing him to "freely create the music that I am creating without any fear". He has worked with the David Lynch Foundation to fund teaching of Transcendental Meditation.

Discography

Album

Singles

Music videos

Soundtracks

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
American male pop singers
American gay musicians
American LGBT singers
American LGBT songwriters
LGBT people from Iowa
Gay singers
Gay songwriters
People from Fairfield, Iowa
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people
Singer-songwriters from Iowa


title: 2018 Cambodian general election

text:
General elections were held in Cambodia on Sunday, 29 July 2018 to elect members of the sixth National Assembly. Polling stations opened at 07:00 and closed at 15:00. The number of registered voters has decreased for the first time since 1993 and was down 13% from the 2013 general elections.

With the absence of a credible opposition, the elections were viewed as a formality to effectively solidify de facto one-party rule in the country, and were dismissed as sham elections by the international community. They resulted in a widely expected landslide victory for the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP), which won all 125 seats in the National Assembly. Despite calls to boycott the election, voter turnout was alleged to be 83.02%.

Background
The previous elections in July 2013 saw a fourth consecutive victory for the CPP, which won 68 seats in the National Assembly, with the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) claiming the remaining 55 seats. Despite their huge gain in seats, the opposition decried the results and accused the CPP of poll fraud. As a result, the CNRP boycotted parliament in September 2013 and vowed not to enter parliament until electoral reforms had been made. The disputed results led to the outbreak of widespread anti-government protests.

On 10 April 2014, Prime Minister Hun Sen agreed to hold elections five months early in February 2018. However, the opposition rejected the suggestion, demanding elections be held as early as 2015 or mid-2016. On 22 July 2014, the political crisis officially ended and the opposition agreed to take their seats in parliament. It was also agreed that the next elections would be held in 2018. However, CNRP leader Sam Rainsy was stripped from parliamentary immunity, and then barred from returning to Cambodia after leaving the country. His request for a royal pardon was blocked by Sen, and in December 2016, his deputy Kem Sokha replaced him as Minority Leader.

On 11 February 2017, Rainsy resigned as President of the CNRP, and was succeeded by Sokha. On 3 September, Sokha was arrested and charged with treason, raising questions about the party's future. Another act of repression by the government was the closure of the Cambodia Daily newspaper. On 16 November 2017, the CNRP was forcibly dissolved, eliminating any real challenge to the long-ruling CPP. Its seats in parliament were distributed to three other parties.

Results

Reactions
The legitimacy of the 2018 elections was called into question by various commentators and media outlets. There were a record number of invalid ballots, accounting for 8.6% of the total votes cast, more than any votes received by a political party barring the CPP. Also, in areas away from the country's capital, voters claimed that CPP were using intimidation tactics in order to influence the elections' results.

Various international governments including Australia, Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States dismissed the election results, and threatened to impose sanctions on Hun Sen's government.

The governments of China, the Philippines, Laos and Thailand were among those to congratulate the CPP on their victory. Meanwhile, the former opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party accused the National Election Committee of misleading the number of voter turnout.

References

Cambodia
2018 in Cambodia
Elections in Cambodia
July 2018 events in Asia


title: Place Called Estherville

text:
Place Called Estherville is a novel written by Erskine Caldwell, most famous for his novels Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre.  The book was first published in 1949 by Duell, Sloan & Pearce and later published in paperback by Signet Books.  It would go on to sell more than 1.5 million copies.  The novel centers on a biracial brother and sister, Ganus and Kathyanne Bazemore.  After their mother dies, they move to a segregated town called Estherville to help take care of their sick aunt. They face abuse from the town that culminates in tragedy.

Plot

Part One: Early Spring

Chapter One

The novel opens with Ganus who is working as a servant in the home of a prominent white family. One Sunday morning while the parents are at church, young-adult daughter Stephena enters the kitchen and flirts with Ganus, making him feel uncomfortable because he is concerned about being caught alone with a white woman. She forces him to perform a demeaning task, then she has him deliver her breakfast in bed. When he gets there she's naked, and she bites his arm trying to get him to hold her.

Chapter Two

Kathyanne is working at the home of George Swayne.  His domineering wife Norma is away visiting family and George takes the opportunity to approach Kathyanne.  She is not receptive to his sexual advances, so he rapes her.  During the rape she asks him if it would be any different if she were white, but George fails to respond.  Kathyanne states that she will have to quit her job so as not to offend Norma.

Chapter Three

On the way home from work, Ganus is beaten by several white teens who threaten to castrate him if he continues to work for Stephena's family. One of the teens saw him alone with her in the family's garage where she had instructed him to do pullups for her; they claim that he was showing off. An adult arrives and the teens run off.

Chapter Four

Kathyanne finds work at the home of a woman named Madgie, who doesn't pay her for several weeks. When Kathyanne asks for her pay, Madgie tries to give her used clothing instead of money. Kathyanne explains that she doesn't need clothes; she needs money for food and rent. Madgie states that Negroes beg for money because they don’t know how to take care of themselves and blames all of Kathyanne’s financial problems on Kathyanne and her family.  Madgie eventually uses a racial slur and Kathyanne quits, but since she can't secure a reference, she can't find other work.

Part Two: Midsummer

Chapter Five

Ganus needs a bicycle to start a job as a delivery person for a local grocer, but does not have the funds to pay for one. Claude, who owns the bicycle store, sends Ganus to Dr. English, who agrees to buy the bicycle for Ganus if Ganus pays double the cost of the bike and makes payments each week until the bicycle is paid for.  Should Ganus miss a payment, Dr. English will take the bicycle and keep whatever payments Ganus has made.  The offer is crooked, but Ganus agrees to the terms because he has no other choice.

Chapter Six

Several white teens track down Kathyanne and attempt to gang-rape her.  When the sheriff arrives, the teens run off.  The sheriff refuses to believe Kathyanne’s story and threatens to put her in jail unless she has sex with him.  She refuses to concede, so he beats her and throws her in jail.

Chapter Seven

Ganus is working as the delivery person for the local grocer and is asked to take a package to a Miss Vernice.  She has made sexual advances to Ganus in the past, so he is reluctant to deliver the groceries, but does so for fear of losing his job. He quickly leaves the house before Miss Vernice can make any advances, but she calls for another delivery.  When Ganus returns she forces him to drink some alcohol and he eventually gets drunk.  It is assumed that the two have sex and that Ganus passes out. He ends up getting fired for not reporting back to the grocery store.

Chapter Eight

Roy Blount, Kathyanne’s employer before George Swayne, is entertaining prospective clients who demand that Roy secure sex workers for the evening.  Unaware of any brothels in town, he drives the men to Kathyanne’s house and asks to speak to her.  When she comes out, he propositions her, but she declines, at which point he takes hold of her and forces her into the car where the two men are waiting.  It is assumed that they gang-rape her.

Part Three: Late Autumn

Chapter Nine

Ganus is trying to sell ice in late autumn and is unsuccessful.  After several hours, a woman named Kitty invites him in to get warm.  She offers him food and he accepts, agreeing to make dinner for Kitty in return.  He eventually falls asleep on the kitchen floor as he is tired and Kitty’s boyfriend arrives home and assumes that Kitty has been unfaithful.  He beats her and Ganus, though Ganus gets the least of it and is told to leave under the threat of future reprisals.

Chapter Ten

Kathyanne is entertaining a Black farm hand named Henry who is courting her.  She is reluctant to return his affection and he eventually reveals that there are rumours she sleeps with white men and thinks she is too good for the Black men in town.  Clyde, the property manager, arrives to speak to Kathyanne and asks Henry to leave them alone.  Clyde’s boss has demanded that Kathyanne and Ganus pay their rent or be evicted, but Clyde offers to sign off on the rent receipt without payment if Kathyanne will have sex with him.  She tells him to sign the receipt now, or not at all, refusing to have sex with him.  Clyde, feeling guilty and defeated, signs the receipt and leaves.

Chapter Eleven

Ganus has taken to setting rabbit traps.  On his way out to the fields, a woman named Mozelle, who is married to a violent racist named Burgess, asks Ganus to buy her a gift.  Impoverished and wary of being caught interacting with white women, he declines.  Mozelle threatens that Ganus will be sorry and then runs off to tell her husband that Ganus raped her.  Though he does not believe Mozelle, Burgess tracks down Ganus and kills him with an axe.  He faces no charges.

Chapter Twelve

Dr. Horatio Plowden is awakened at 2:00 in the morning and finds an envelope with Kathyanne’s name on it and $100 inside.  On his way to Kathyanne’s house he runs into the sheriff who asks him why he still works at his age.  Plowden says that he hopes he will work until he dies, stating that he wants to help people and he would be happiest if he died on the way home from helping a patient.  The two speak about race issues, and Plowden chastises the sheriff for his racist behaviour and promises that change will come and people like him will not be tolerated.  Plowden arrives at Kathyanne’s home where there are two midwives who have already taken care of the birth.  The baby is in a basket and the doctor sees that the baby appears white and is therefore the child of one of Kathyanne’s rapists.  Plowden gives Kathyanne the $100 and assumes that the baby is George’s since it had been about nine months since Kathyanne worked for him.  He gives Kathyanne a reassuring speech, gives his regard for her dead brother and leaves. As soon as he's outside, he falls to the ground dead.

References

1949 American novels
Duell, Sloan and Pearce books
Novels about racism
Southern Gothic novels
Works by Erskine Caldwell


title: Myiodola brachyptera

text:
Myiodola brachyptera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola calceata

text:
Myiodola calceata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola flavicollis

text:
Myiodola flavicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola maculosa

text:
Myiodola maculosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola distincta

text:
Myiodola distincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola perrieri

text:
Myiodola perrieri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Sciophila

text:
Sciophila is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:

Sciophila (fly), a genus of insects in the family Mycetophilidae
Sciophila, a genus of plants in the family Asparagaceae, currently considered a synonym of Maianthemum


title: Myiodola plagiaticollis

text:
Myiodola plagiaticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola scalabrii

text:
Myiodola scalabrii is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Myiodola spinicrus

text:
Myiodola spinicrus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Dorcasominae


title: Christian McGaffney

text:
Christian McGaffney (born 8 April 1989 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actor, recognized by his performances in both theater and television. He played David in the RTI/Televisa co-production called La virgen de la calle, and role of Andy, the character in the theater play HIGH.

Career
He started his acting career in 2005 in Con Toda El Alma, a teen series produced by Laura Visconti and transmitted by Venevisión. He has worked in many soap operas, such as Voltea pa' que te enamores, Torrente, Un esposo para Estela, Natalia del mar, Las Bandidas  and La virgen de la calle.

Besides, he has taken part in several theater plays, such as Los Cuentos Mágicos del Zapatero, ("The Magical Stories of the Shoe Man"), Actos Indecentes: Los tres juicios a Óscar Wilde, ("Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde), Toc-Toc and HIGH. This latter represented Venezuela at the 2012 Ibero American Theater Festival in Bogotá.

McGaffney starred in the musical video "Más Cerquita" by Famasloop, which was nominated for the 2013 Latin Grammy Awards.

He was the lead role for the 2018 short film and 2023 feature film Simón, both directed by Diego Vicentini.

Personal life

In January 2020, McGaffney married Venezuelan actress and singer María Gabriela de Faría.

References

Venezuelan male television actors
Venezuelan male film actors
Venezuelan male stage actors
1989 births
Living people
Male actors from Caracas


title: Ed Knight House

text:
The Ed Knight House is a historic house near Pine Grove, a rural community in Dallas County, Arkansas.  It is located on County Road 275 off Arkansas Highway 128.  In appearance it resembles a double pen house, a narrow and wide structure with a gable roof.  Its oldest portion is a dog trot log structure built c. 1880, after which the central passageway was enclosed and an ell added to the south end.  This was then sheathed in horizontal weatherboarding.  The front facade has a hip-roof porch extending across its width, supported by six turned posts, with jigsaw-cut brackets.  The Knights were a prominent local family who settled the area in the 1840s.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Arkansas

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Houses in Dallas County, Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Arkansas
Houses completed in 1880


title: KMGG-LP

text:
KMGG-LP is a low-power FM radio station based in Albuquerque, New Mexico broadcasting to the area at 100 watts from the east side of the city at 99.9 MHz.  The signal can be received in much of the metro area.  KMGG-LP is owned by Future Broadcasters Inc. a local non-profit organization.  This station was granted an original construction permit on February 21, 2014 and assigned the call letters KMGG-LP.  The station began broadcasting in early July 2014 branding as 99.9 The Beat with an Urban Adult Contemporary music format featuring mostly R&B hits from the 1970s to present. DeDe In The Morning a syndicated show that is featured weekdays 5-10 AM. Sunday Gospel with syndicated show Hezakiah Walker Countdown

KMGG-LP was started under the non-profit, Future Broadcasters Inc., which was started by Byron Powdrell (the station's licensee) to mentor children in the art of radio. 99.9 The Beat became Albuquerque's first successful non-profit, low-power radio station, and gave a platform for youth to facilitate their dreams and offer an educational S.T.E.M. experience right at home, all in an entertaining, fun format. 99.9 The Beat can offer local artists a place to present their art, which can be near impossible for an unknown artist to do at a commercial station.

Current staff
Mornings: DeDe In The Morning

Midday: Al B Love 10a - 2p

Afternoons: TBD

Weekends: Al B Love, Byron Powdrell,LaLa Gonzales
The Beat Staff

Weekends: DeDe's Weekend Kickback, Baka Boyz

External links
 Website
 Facebook Page

MGG
MGG-LP
Radio stations established in 2014
Urban adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
2014 establishments in New Mexico


title: Steven Levy (disambiguation)

text:
Steven Levy (born 1951) is an American journalist.

Steven Levy may also refer to:

 Steve Levy (born 1965), seventh County Executive of Suffolk County, New York
 Stephen Young (actor) (born 1939), Canadian actor who was born Stephen Levy in Toronto
 Steven Levy (politician), American state legislator in Massachusetts
 Steven Levy (Stevie Ocean) Actor and singer in Jersey, Channel Islands


title: Lagocheirus rogersi

text:
Lagocheirus rogersi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. There are two known subspecies of this insect: Lagocheirus rogersi panamensis and Lagocheirus rogersi hondurensis.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lagocheirus rosaceus

text:
Lagocheirus rosaceus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lagocheirus simplicicornis

text:
Lagocheirus simplicicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lagocheirus unicolor

text:
Lagocheirus unicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lagocheirus wenzeli

text:
Lagocheirus wenzeli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lagocheirus xileuco

text:
Lagocheirus xileuco is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Lagocheirus


title: Lathroeus mysticus

text:
Lathroeus mysticus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Acanthocinini


title: Lathroeus oreoderoides

text:
Lathroeus oreoderoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Acanthocinini


title: Leiopus linnei

text:
Leiopus linnei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

References

Acanthocinini


title: Caron Bowman

text:
Caron Bowman is an American artist, born in West Palm Beach, Florida, to parents from Roatan, Honduras. She works within a diverse spectrum of mediums including drawing, fibre art, painting, public art, and multimedia. Influences seen throughout her artwork include graffiti art, hard-edge painting and surrealism.

Description
Caron Bowman is a multi-disciplined artist, arts activist, curator and historian. Her work spans various techniques including drawing, fibre art, painting and installations. As a  BIPOC public art consultant, she has created art in public places programming for the City of West Palm Beach Downtown Development Authority. Bowman is a director of Street Art Revolution, a public art collective and design firm specializing in providing public art, civic design, and sculpture. Bowman has a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and a Master of Arts degree in Exceptional Student Education.
Utilizing a Florida aesthetic as a source of inspiration, her artwork is about the intensity of color, curved lines, and daring patterns unified into one language. She utilized automatic drawing techniques in order to develop her style.
In 2013, Caron Bowman was a featured artist in the Wynwood Miami Mix Art Fair.

Bowman was selected by the Bombay Sapphire Corporation to be included in the Bombay Sapphire Artisan Series. The series is a showcase for emerging artists in the United States.

Bowman's artwork has been profiled by the Chagall Museum and the Hiroshima Museum of Art. In 2014 Bowman was also selected as a finalist for the Smithsonian American Latino Museum Campaign. The Beck's corporation selected Bowman as a semi-finalist for the Beck's Green Box augmented reality series.

Rapper Kendrick Lamar, in association with Creative Allies, showcased Bowman's artwork in New York City at the Galapagos Art Space in 2011. Ms. Bowman has been profiled in publications including The American Latino Museum, The 2012 and 2013 Los Angeles African American Heritage Guide, Tom Joyner Foundation and Nick Knight's – SHOWstudio.

References

External links
 Caron Bowman

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women painters
American video artists
American people of Honduran descent
Painters from Florida
People from West Palm Beach, Florida
21st-century American women artists
American contemporary painters


title: Leptocometes acutispinis

text:
Leptocometes acutispinis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1863.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1863


title: Admiral Jones

text:
Admiral Jones may refer to:

United Kingdom
Lewis Jones (Royal Navy officer) (1797–1895), British Royal Navy admiral
Philip Jones (Royal Navy officer) (born 1960), British Royal Navy admiral
Theophilus Jones (Royal Navy officer) (1760–1835), Irish-born Royal Navy admiral
Theobald Jones (1790–1868), Irish-born Royal Navy admiral, Member of Parliament and lichenologist, nephew of Theophilus Jones
William Gore Jones (1826–1888), British Royal Navy admiral

United States
Carl Henry Jones (1893–1958), U.S. Navy admiral
Claud Ashton Jones (1885–1948), U.S. Navy rear admiral
Don A. Jones (1912–2000), NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps rear admiral
Donald S. Jones (1928–2004), U.S. Navy admiral
Hilary P. Jones (1863–1938), U.S. Navy admiral

Other
George Jones (Canadian admiral) (1895–1946), Royal Canadian Navy vice admiral
John Paul Jones (1747–1792), Scottish-American naval captain, later an Imperial Russian Navy rear admiral
Peter Jones (admiral) (born 1957), Royal Australian Navy vice admiral
Trevor Jones (admiral) (fl. 1970s–2010s), Royal Australian Navy rear admiral

See also
Everard Hardman-Jones (1881–1962), British Royal Navy vice admiral
Roger Moylan-Jones (born 18 April 1940), British Royal Navy rear admiral


title: Leptocometes barbiscapus

text:
Leptocometes barbiscapus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1872.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1872


title: Leptocometes hispidus

text:
Leptocometes hispidus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1881.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1881


title: Leptocometes luneli

text:
Leptocometes luneli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chalumeau and Touroult in 2005.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 2005


title: Leptocometes nubilus

text:
Leptocometes nubilus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1934.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1934


title: Leptocometes obscurus

text:
Leptocometes obscurus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1990


title: Leptocometes pallidus

text:
Leptocometes pallidus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1934.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1934


title: Leptocometes penicillatus

text:
Leptocometes penicillatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1990.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1990


title: Leptocometes spinipennis

text:
Leptocometes spinipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1885


title: Leptocometes spitzi

text:
Leptocometes spitzi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1934.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1934


title: Leptocometes umbrosus

text:
Leptocometes umbrosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1864.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1864


title: Leptocometes virescens

text:
Leptocometes virescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1931.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1931


title: Leptocometes volxemi

text:
Leptocometes volxemi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lameere in 1884.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1884


Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust is an NHS foundation trust which runs Moorfields Eye Hospital.

The Trust employs over 1,700 people. Over 24,000 ophthalmic operations are carried out and over 300,000 patients are seen by the hospital each year. The trust delivers its services from its main site on City Road and through its distributed network of over 20 other 'satellite' clinics located in other parts of London and the South East including Ealing, Teddington, Tooting, Mile End, Harrow and Tottenham.  Backing up NHS Direct, Moorfields has a specialised ophthalmic telephone advice line, Moorfields Direct.

Moorfields was one of the first NHS foundation trusts, and is a founder member of the UCLPartners, an academic health science centre.

It plans to move its main hospital from the current City Road site to St Pancras Hospital in Camden.  This will cost £352 million and it is planned to be operational in 2025–26.

Commercial activities
In addition to its NHS clinical services Moorfields also has a number of commercial services: a Private care service (Moorfields Private Patients), a corporate venturing subsidiary (Moorfields Ventures) and a pharmaceutical manufacturing service (Moorfields Pharmaceuticals).

Moorfields opened a branch in Dubai, UAE in July 2007, located in the Al Razi Medical Complex.  Currently, the hospital is exploring international healthcare accreditation.

The trust requires a full funding agreement for "any and all treatment" in advance of accepting NHS referrals from outside England. It was owed more than £600,000 in 2015 for treatments in the previous three years, against invoices totalling just over £1m.
  It increased private income to 10% (15% if income from Dubai is included) from 2014 to 2016.  About 25% of patients using private services came from overseas.

Performance
It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015.  At that time it had 1611 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.6%. 88% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 74% recommended it as a place to work.

A survey of almost 50,000 patients by the Care Quality Commission in 2021 found the emergency department most rated favourably of all those in England.

See also
 List of NHS trusts

References

External links

 CQC inspection reports

NHS foundation trusts


title: Leptocometes zikani

text:
Leptocometes zikani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Monné in 1974.

References

Leptocometes
Beetles described in 1974


title: Lepturgantes candicans

text:
Lepturgantes candicans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1863.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1863


title: Syracuse Transit Corporation

text:
The former Syracuse Lines of New York State Railways were reorganized on November 22, 1939, as the Syracuse Transit Corporation (STC). This privately owned transit company inherited 27 transit routes serving the city and suburbs of Syracuse, seven of which were streetcar lines. By 1941, all lines had been converted to bus operation. All STC transit franchises were purchased by the public Central New York Regional Transportation Authority in 1972, continuing their operation as CNY Centro.

History
New York State Railways was created by the New York Central Railroad in 1909 to control several streetcar and interurban railway systems across upstate New York. The Syracuse Lines consisted of the city and suburban railways that had been previously consolidated under the Syracuse Rapid Transit Railway and came under control of New York State Railways in 1912. New York Central sold the company in 1928 and it entered receivership in 1929. The process to convert streetcar lines to bus operation began in 1933 with the Burnet line. Additional line closures followed even as New York State Railways emerged from receivership in 1934.

The Syracuse Lines were reorganized as the privately owned Syracuse Transit Corporation on November 22, 1939, with Benjamin E. Tilton as president (Tilton has been previously appointed as a trustee of the New York State Railways while it was in bankruptcy proceedings). One month before the reorganization, the University line was closed on September 30. Only seven streetcar lines remained, with the rest of the routes previously converted to bus operation. The South Salina and Nedrow lines were closed on June 29, 1940. The Elm Street line followed on November 11, 1940. The last day of streetcar operation in Syracuse was January 4, 1941, when the Walnut, Westcott, Butternut, and Wolf lines were closed. Cars 1074 and 1078 were coupled together as the final train operated for the benefit of transit officials and local politicians.

From Private to Public
Bus transportation continued to be offered through the 1950s and 1960s, and new fleets of diesel buses were purchased as routes were expanded to serve the growing suburbs. The Central New York Regional Transportation Authority was created by an act of legislature in 1970 to develop, improve, and coordinate mass transit in central New York. The first member was Onondaga County, and CNY Centro was created to take over the transit franchises of the bankrupt Syracuse Transit Corporation in 1972.

Bus transportation in New York (state)
Railroads in Syracuse, New York
Transportation in Syracuse, New York
Streetcars in New York (state)
Defunct New York (state) railroads
Railway companies established in 1939
Railway companies disestablished in 1972
American companies established in 1939
1939 establishments in New York (state)
1972 disestablishments in New York (state)


title: Lepturgantes dilectus

text:
Lepturgantes dilectus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1863.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1863


title: Lepturgantes flavovittatus

text:
Lepturgantes flavovittatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1959.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1959


title: Lepturgantes pacificus

text:
Lepturgantes pacificus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1960.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1960


title: Lepturgantes prolatus

text:
Lepturgantes prolatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monne and Monne in 2008.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 2008


title: Episodic storytelling

text:
Episodic storytelling is a genre of narrative that is divided into a fixed set of episodes. Multiple episodes are usually grouped together into a series through a unifying story arc, with the option to view immediately (rather than waiting for the release of each episode). Episodes may not always contain the same characters, but each episode draws from a broader group of characters, or cast, all of whom exist in the same story world. It is one of the most common form of storytelling in tv film.

The term used in literature to refer to a body of written work (such as novels by Charles Dickens) that initially appears in installments, is traditionally referred to as serials. The genre has resurfaced in popularity due to the influence of new digital technologies, such as virtual reality and streaming services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, and YouTube Premium.

See also
 Webserial
 Feuilleton
 Television series

References

Narrative units
Continuity (fiction)
Fiction
Narratology
Plot (narrative)


title: Lepturgantes septemlineatus

text:
Lepturgantes septemlineatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1960.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1960


title: Lepturgantes seriatus

text:
Lepturgantes seriatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1988.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1988


title: Lepturgantes variegatus

text:
Lepturgantes variegatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1957.

References

Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1957


title: Crucible Industries

text:
Crucible Industries, commonly known as Crucible, is an American company which develops and manufactures specialty steels, and is the sole producer of a line of sintered steels known as Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) steels. The company produces high speed, stainless and tool steels for the automotive, cutlery, aerospace, and machine tool industries.

Crucible's history spans over 100 years, and the company inherited some of its ability to produce high-grade steel from England beginning in the late 1800s. Thirteen crucible-steel companies merged in 1900 to become the largest producer of crucible steel in the United States, and this company evolved into a corporation with 1,400 employees in several states.

Crucible declined in tandem with the automotive industry during the 1980s, recovering over the next decade. Although the company entered bankruptcy in 2009, JP Industries of Cleveland revived it as Crucible Specialty Metals Division to continue producing specialty steels at its original site.

Some of Crucible's products are manufactured using a powder metallurgy process (their CPM process), resulting in steels with superior mechanical properties. These steels find specialized scientific and industrial applications and are also favoured by knife makers for the production of blades which are tough, hard and corrosion resistant.

History

The Crucible Steel Company of America was formed from the merger of thirteen crucible-steel companies in 1900. This, known as "the great consolidation of 1900", inspired other steel companies to form U.S. Steel a year later. From 1900 through the 20th century, Crucible developed and patented new steels, and brought new steel-production methods to the United States. C. H. Halcomb, Jr. was Crucible's first president and general manager. Two years later, he left Crucible, building the Halcomb Steel mill next door (where he installed the first electric-arc melting furnace in the U.S.).

In 1911 Crucible acquired Halcomb Steel, merging the Halcomb plant with the new Sanderson plant to form the Sanderson-Halcomb Works. In 1955, it began producing vacuum-arc-remelted steels, becoming the first company to use this process commercially. By 1939, Crucible was the largest producer of tool steel in the United States, making over 400 products (more than any other steel company). It had nine mills in four states, two coal mines, a water company and a half-interest in a Mesabi ore mine.

From 1968 to 1984, Crucible was owned by Colt Industries. In 1985, its salaried employees bought it back. By then, the company was known as Crucible Materials Corporation. Fourteen hundred employees worldwide worked for a number of companies, including Crucible Specialty Metals in Solvay, New York; Trent Tube in East Troy, Wisconsin; Crucible Magnetics in Elizabethtown, Kentucky; Crucible Compaction Metals Operations in Oakdale, Pennsylvania; the Cancer Research Center in Pittsburgh, and Crucible Limited in Sheffield, England. In 1989, the number of employees was reduced to 600 after a strike.

The 1980s saw layoffs and plant closures across the U.S.; more than 200,000 workers lost their jobs, and more than 400 mills and divisions of plants (including Crucible's Midland plant) closed. In 1984, Crucible made the titanium alloy used in the artificial heart implanted by Robert Jarvik, and donated corrosive-resistant steel used to help renovate the Statue of Liberty.

During the 1990s, Crucible expanded its operations to Canada, working with General Motors, and building a  facility with newly patented smelting and processing equipment costing $25 million. Although the number of employees increased to about 1,400, from 2001 to 2003, 200 were laid off.

In 2004, Crucible entered the knife market, and in May 2009, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. That October, JP Industries (a private equity group) purchased the operating assets of the Crucible Specialty Metals Division, formed Crucible Industries, and restarted the Geddes steel mill.

Company names

A number of steel companies have operated in Syracuse, maintaining Crucible's intellectual property and patents. In 1870, William A. Sweet founded the Sweet Iron Works. Sanderson Brothers of Sheffield, England, bought the Sweet Iron Works for U.S. production in 1876, renaming the steelworks Sanderson. In 1900, Sanderson's Syracuse steelworks merged into the Crucible Steel Company of America. In 1946, the Sanderson and Halcomb steelworks were renamed the Sanderson-Halcomb Works, later becoming the Syracuse Works of Crucible Steel. In 1968, Crucible became Colt's Crucible Specialty Metals Division. Colt consolidated its basic-materials group into the Crucible Materials Corporation in 1983.

Founding companies

According to ExplorePAHistory.com, "By 1877, the region's fourteen medium-scale crucible steel factories produced nearly three-fourths of the nation's output. Metal-shaping factories across the country depended on cutting tools made of crucible steel through the 1920s, when electric steel furnaces gained prominence." Three companies which merged to form Crucible into the largest U.S. crucible-steel-producing company were:

 Sanderson Brothers began producing steel in Sheffield, England in 1776. In 1873, it was using a gas-fired crucible melting furnace. Sanderson sold its Syracuse operation to Crucible, expanding its English company with the purchase of Samuel Newbould and Company.
 Hussey, Wells and Company of Pittsburgh, founded in 1859, was the first company in America to manufacture crucible steel. Its partners were Curtis G. Hussey (who formed the Pittsburgh and Boston Mining Corporation to mine copper) and Thomas Marshall Howe (banker, investor, Congressman, assistant adjutant general of Pennsylvania and the first president of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce. Thomas' son, George, helped form Crucible. Hussey and James M. Cooper formed C. G. Hussey and Company to roll and market copper. Before merging with Crucible, Hussey, Wells and Company became Howe, Brown and Company when George joined his father.
 Park, Brother and Company of Pittsburgh, founded in 1860, was the second company to produce crucible steel in the U.S. James Park, Jr. and the elder David E. Park began the company after working with their father for twenty years. In 1857, James Jr. founded the Lake Superior Copper Works to sheath ship hulls. After encountering Hussey, Howe and Wells, he followed them into manufacturing crucible steel. Park built the Black Diamond (Park) Steel Works, and had interests in a suspension-bridge company and several banks. David's sons, David E. Jr., William G. and James H. Park, led in forming Crucible. In 1900, Park Steel was the largest producer of crucible and special-purpose open-hearth steels in the world.

The other companies which formed Crucible were:
 Aliquippa Steel Company, several miles north of Pittsburgh on the Ohio River
 Anderson, DuPuy and Company
 Beaver Falls Steel Works
 Burgess Steel and Iron Works
 Crescent Steel of Pittsburgh (founded 1865)
 Cumberland Steel and Tin Plate Company
 Isaac Jones' Pittsburgh Steel Works (later Anderson, Deputy and Company; founded 1845)
 LaBelle Steel Company (formerly Reiter, Hartman and Company) of Allegheny, Pennsylvania (founded 1863)
 Singer, Nimick and Company of Pittsburgh (founded 1848)
 Spaulding and Jennings Company

Timeline
The following timeline provides references and events in the context of Crucible's history. Its primary source is the Syracuse Post-Standard archives, with other sources noted.

Sanderson Brothers and Company

1776: The Naylor and Sanderson Steel Mill was established in Sheffield, England, and began producing tool steel with the crucible method. By 1873 it was trading as Sanderson Brothers and Company, and using a gas-fired-crucible melting furnace.

In 1876 Sanderson Brothers and Company bought Sweet Iron Works, which had been established in 1870 in Syracuse. Sheffield was known for its hard, durable steel, and Syracuse was known for its hard steel. Contemporary U.S. tariffs gave Sanderson an incentive for a U.S. operation. In 1878, Sanderson had $450,000 in capital and the following officers: Robert B. Campbell of New York, president; Samuel William Johnson of New York, secretary and William A. Sweet of Syracuse, general manager.

In 1900, thirteen crucible-steel manufacturing companies formed the Crucible Steel Company of America. Sanderson divested itself of its American operation, offering 500,000 shares of stock for $50 million. Crucible's fifth annual report (published in 1905) showed debts of $3.6 million, $2.4 million less than the year before.

Halcomb Steel
In 1902 C. H. Halcomb Jr., Sanderson's president and general manager, left the company and built the Halcomb Steel mill next to the Sanderson mill. Halcomb installed the first electric arc furnace (EAF) in the United States in 1906. In 1911 the company was acquired by Crucible, which doubled the size of its western branch warehouse (now in Chicago) in 1913.

Hoyt-Noe Steel Company

By 1913, Thatcher Hoyt and Paul E. Noe formed the Hoyt-Noe Steel Company in Chicago. Hoyt had been representing crucible steels for twenty years; his previous companies included the Braeburn Steel Company, Singer, Nimick and Company and the Sanderson Brothers Steel Company.

Crucible
Crucible patented the first formally classified high-speed steel, AISI T1 (German 18-0-1), in 1910, and its basic formula was used for the next forty years. After other high-speed steels were produced, T1 remained one of the most commonly used commercial high-speed steels for the next century. The next year Crucible formed the Pittsburg Crucible Steel Company, purchasing a  site from Midland Steel on the Ohio River near Pittsburgh for $7.5 million to build a new plant. Midland, Pennsylvania became Crucible's planned town.

During the 1920s and 1930s, World War I financier Horace S. Wilkinson oversaw Crucible president Frederick B. Hufnagel, refusing to modernize and controlling the company's finances as he pleased. This ended with the creation of the Security and Exchange Commission in 1934 and Wilkinson's death in 1937. At the beginning of World War II Crucible was the largest producer of tool steels in the United States, manufacturing more types of steel than any other company. The company used thirty metals to make 400 commonly used alloy steels. It had nine mills in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Ohio, two coal mines, a water company and a half-interest in a Mesabi Range iron ore mine. Now the company's chairman, Hufnagel brought in Raoul Eugene Desvernine as president. With a legal background, Desvernine focused on improving sales. The company had about 15,000 customers, net sales of $60 million and earnings of $4 million in 1937. The following year, Crucible lost $2 million as its sales halved during the recession of 1937–38.

When Crucible sought to borrow money in 1940, the Mellon Security Corporation insisted on a full audit. This resulted in a $40 million revaluation of the company's property and plants (down to $81 million) and the loss of its fiscal surplus. On December 7, 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II, Syracuse was considered the Porretta Terme (Italy's gear-producing center) of America.

In 1945 William P. Snyder Jr., president of Snyder Mining Company of Pittsburgh and a Crucible stockholder, brought in president William H. Colvin Jr. With the board's approval, Colvin closed four of the company's eleven operations and began a $46 million modernization. The Syracuse plants were consolidated in 1946 into the Sanderson-Halcomb Works. In 1949, Crucible began operations in an $18 million sheet and strip mill at the Midland works, becoming the first steel mill to use hot and cold rolling of stainless and high-alloy sheet and strip. Iron Age, manufacturer of the hot reversing mill, called this a transition from a curiosity to standard production practice; ovens on both sides of the rolls could better control the steel's temperature.

When Crucible removed escape clauses from its employee contracts after the war, the company received approval from the United Steelworkers. During the 1950s, shortages of tungsten and vanadium caused by the wartime drive for cheaper alloying metals resulted in the development of AISI M2 high-speed steel. Colt Industries bought Crucible Steel Corporation of America in 1968, and the Syracuse works become Colt's Crucible Specialty Metals Division. In 1975, Crucible began marketing its products in the Soviet Union.

During the 1980s the AISI reported that more than 200,000 steelworkers in the U.S. had lost their jobs, and more than 400 mills and plant divisions were closing (including Crucible's Midland plant near Pittsburgh). Jones & Laughlin Steel bought the Midland plant and merged with Republic Steel to form the LTV Steel Corporation, which went bankrupt.

In 1981 Colt moved the Crucible and Trent Tube Divisions to Syracuse from Pittsburgh, and the following year it began closing its Crucible Steel Plant (laying off 400 workers). In 1983 Colt Industries consolidated its basic-materials group into the Crucible Materials Corporation, with its headquarters in New York City. This was the last year that Crucible Specialty Metals negotiated union contracts without a strike.

In 1984 Crucible manufactured the titanium alloy used in the artificial heart implanted by Robert Jarvik, and donated corrosion-resistant steel for the renovation of the Statue of Liberty. The following year, Crucible Materials Corporation's salaried employees purchased the corporation’s stock in a leveraged buyout and moved its headquarters to Syracuse. The purchase price ($135 million) included the 1,400-employee Crucible Specialty Metals plant in Solvay; Trent Tube in East Troy, Wisconsin; Crucible Magnetics in Elizabethtown, Kentucky; Crucible Compaction Metals Operations in Oakdale, Pennsylvania; Crucible Research Center in Pittsburgh, and Crucible Limited in Sheffield, England.

In 1988, Crucible Specialty Metals modernized its plant and the division employed 1,425 people worldwide. The Crucible Service Centers Division opened its Camillus, New York headquarters in 1989, marketing specialty steel products worldwide. That year, the workers struck; when a contract was signed, only 600 of 1,100 workers were called back to work.

In 1991 Crucible Materials and General Motors' Central Foundry Division begin three years of joint research and development in die casting, tooling and machine elements, and Crucible Materials Corporation purchased Sanderson Specialty Steels of Canada. Two years later union workers rejected a company contract offer, continuing to work. At this time, Crucible employed about 700 union workers. By 1998 CMC employed 820 workers and invested $25 million in a new,  facility for manufacturing newly patented smelting and processing equipment.

In 2000, the U.S. Department of Labor sued Crucible Materials Corporation over its pension plan for salaried employees. From 2001 to 2003, the corporation laid off 186 salaried and hourly workers on a rotating basis. CMC employed 1,209 workers, 722 union workers and 487 salaried workers in Geddes and its distribution center in Camillus. In 2004 Crucible Specialty Metals entered the knife market, moving its Camillus operation to the Geddes plant.

The corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2009, and in October JP Industries (a private equity group in Cleveland) purchased the operating assets of the Crucible Specialty Metals Division and formed Crucible Industries. A month later, the Geddes steel mill was restarted.

In 2010, Crucible partnered with Latrobe Specialty Steel Distribution to market its steels. According to Crucible president James Beckman, "Latrobe Distribution offers everything we wanted in a partner for our CPM grades of steel". Latrobe, with eight locations in North America, is a division of Latrobe Specialty Steel of Latrobe, Pennsylvania. That year Crucible partnered with Robert Zapp Werkstofftechnik, a division of the Zapp Group, to sell Crucible Particle Metallurgy products worldwide except for North America and Japan.

Knife design and manufacturing

Many production and custom knife manufacturers use Crucible steels. Chris Reeve collaborated with Dick Barber of Crucible to develop the S30V and S35VN steel alloys, and Chris Reeve Knives uses these and other steels. Bob Loveless introduced 154CM stainless-steel knives in 1972. A founder and president of the Knifemakers' Guild, Loveless has designed for Gerber Knives, Lone Wolf Knives and Beretta. Schrade Cutlery and Spyderco use 154CM, 440C, D2, S30V, S60V and S90V steel, and Ernest Emerson's knives are hard-ground from differentially heat-treated A2 tool steel. Emerson Knives machines blades from 154CM steel, and Mike Snody uses A2, S35V, 154CM and 440C steels.
Phill Hartsfield's katana-style blades are hand-ground from A2 tool steel and differentially edge-hardened. Ken Onion's Kershaw's Blur uses CPM S30V steel.

Products

Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) steels are used in the automotive, aerospace and tool industries. The list of blade materials describes several CPM products, and the company's website has data sheets for all of them. The following table includes trademarks of Crucible users.

Although the following metals add general characteristics to an alloy, its actual characteristics are determined by a number of factors. Metallurgy for the non-Metallurgist is an introduction to the field.

CPM process

Conventional and CPM steel-making smelts ore into steel with an electric arc furnace, refines it by removing some carbon, reducing it by removing the sulphur. Further refining may use argon oxygen decarburization, an implementation of powder metallurgy. The conventional process teems (distributes and pours) the steel into ingot molds. The steel slowly solidifies, allowing the elements to segregate into non-uniform patterns at the microscopic level.

The CPM process pours molten steel through a small nozzle. High-pressure gas atomizes the liquid stream into a spray which rapidly cools the steel into a uniform powder. The powder then goes into high-pressure containers and is heated at forge temperatures to press the powder into ingots; this is known as hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and the resulting metal is uniform. Both processes then use hot or cold rolling to toughen the steel and mill it into finished products.

Publications

Cataloged Crucible
 Crucible Steel Company of America, Condensed suggestions for steel workers. BiblioBazaar (1902, reprint 2010)
 Crucible Steel Company of America, High Speed Steel. (1912, reprint 2011) Nabu Press,
 Crucible Steel Company of America, Crucible Steel Company of America (1925) ASIN B002683KAG

Crucible
 Crucible Steel Company of America, The Treatment of Steel. (1902)
 Crucible Steel Company of America, Sanderson Bros. Steel Works. (1911)
 Crucible Steel Company of America, Steels and Alloys for Special Purposes (1912)
 Underhill, Earl M.; Crucible Steel Company of America, Permanent magnet design: including a discussion of permanent magnet measurements (1943)
 Payson, Peter; Crucible Steel Company of America, The Annealing of Steel. (1944) Payson
 Crucible Steel Company of America, The Fabricator's Handbook - How to Fabricate Rezistal Stainless Steels Produced by Crucible Steel Company of America (1955)
 Mathews, John A. (1872–1935), Crucible Steel Company of America. Central Research Laboratory. Library (1959)
 Banerjee, B. R.; Hauser, J. J.;  Crucible Steel Company of America, Effect of Processing Variables on Crack Propagation of High-strength Steels and Titanium: Fracture Micromechanics in High-strength Steels, Crucible Steel Company of America, Central Research Laboratory (1963)
 Crucible Steel Company of America. Library; Ussack, P., Continuous Casting of Steel. (3 ed. 1964) Volume 12,  Library. Bibliographical series.

Crucible and the U.S. Air Force
 Tarwater, J. P.; Dulis, Edward J.; Wright Air Development Center; Crucible Steel Company of America, Investigation of Fe-Mn-Cr-N-C System for Heat Resistance and Oxidation Resistance Between 1200 F and 2000 F Wright Air Development Center, Air Research and Development Command, U.S. Air Force (1957).
 Bhat, Gopal K.; Philip, T. V.; Nehrenberg, Alvin E.; Steven, G.; Crucible Steel Company of America; Wright Air Development Center, United States. Wright Air Development Division. A Study of the Metallurgical Properties that are Necessary for Satisfactory Bearing Performance and the Development of Improved Bearing Alloys for Service Up to 1000 F. Defense Technical Information Center (1957).
 Crucible Steel Company of America; Moskovitz, A.; Redmerski, L., Corrosion of superalloys by selected fused salts Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command, U.S. Air Force (1960).
 Crucible Steel Company of America. Central Research Laboratory, Research on Workable Refractory Alloys of Tungsten, Tantalum, Molybdenun, and Columbium Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command, U.S. Air Force (1961).

See also

 Methods of steel production:
 Metallurgy cementation process
 Crucible steel processes
 Open-hearth furnace process, the Siemens-Martin process
 Steel industry
 Crucible steel
 Blast furnace
 Steel mill or Steelworks.
 Industry in Syracuse, New York.

Further reading
Verhoeven, John D. (2007) Steel Metallurgy for the non-Metallurgist
Barney, Richard W.; Loveless, Robert W. (1995) How to Make Knives. Krause Publications, Inc.
Desvernine, Raoul Eugene, former president of Crucible. Democratic Despotism, against the New Deal

History
 Darnall Works: built by Sanderson in 1835, and is part of a Scheduled Ancient Monument in Sheffield, England.
 George Naylor was the partner in the Naylor & Sanderson company. George Naylor, with his son-in-law Edward Vickers, founded the Vickers Limited steel foundry and the Naylor Vickers & Co. that cast church bells in 1854. Vickers Limited acquired The Barrow Shipbuilding Company and Maxim Nordenfelt Guns And Ammunitions Company, and built the Royal Navy's first submarine, Holland 1, and acquired the John Brown & Co. shipyard at Clyde, Scotland. Edward, with his sons William and Thomas Vickers (son-in-law of George Naylor), also formed Vickers, Sons & Company to produce marine shafts, propellers, armour plates, and artillery.
 Grace's Guide to British industrial history of Sanderson Brothers and Co.

References

Bibliography

 Gilmer, Harrison, Birth of the American Crucible Steel Industry (1953).
 Harrison Gilmer's primary reference: Bwank, James Moore, History of the Manufacturing of Iron in All Ages (1892); publisher: American Iron and Steel Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Kaufmann, Dwight W., Crucible, The Story of a Steel Company (1986).
 Kennedy, Richard; Roberts, George Adam (1998). Tool Steels (5th ed. ed.). Materials Park, OH: ASM International. .

External links

 Crucible Products
Crucible distributors:
 Latrobe Specialty Steel Distribution
 Niagara Specialty Metals
 Robert Zapp Werkstofftechnik

1900 establishments in New York (state)
Steel companies of the United States
American companies established in 1900
Manufacturing companies established in 1900
Manufacturing companies based in Syracuse, New York


title: Lepturges abditus

text:
Lepturges abditus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges alvarengai

text:
Lepturges alvarengai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges cinereolus

text:
Lepturges cinereolus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges citrinus

text:
Lepturges citrinus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges elimata

text:
Lepturges elimata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges funereus

text:
Lepturges funereus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges glaphyra

text:
Lepturges glaphyra is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges punctatissimus

text:
Lepturges punctatissimus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges rhytisma

text:
Lepturges rhytisma is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges roppai

text:
Lepturges roppai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges seabrai

text:
Lepturges seabrai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges serranus

text:
Lepturges serranus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Simple Fix (album)

text:
Simple Fix is the debut full-length album by alternative rock group Swell Daze. The record was released on July 1, 2014. It was recorded in Cue Recording Studios in Falls Church, Virginia and Bias Recording Studios in Springfield, Virginia.

Personnel
Addison Smith - electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals, papoose
McCoy Douglasson - lead and backing vocals
Titus Barton - drums, percussion, backing vocals
Mitch Weissman - bass guitar, piano, keyboards
Jim Ebert - Producer, organ, moog
Sean Russell - Sound engineer
Vlado Meller - Mastering Engineer

Track listing

References

External links
Swell Daze on Reverb Nation

2014 albums


title: Lepturges singularis

text:
Lepturges singularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976


title: Lepturges zonula

text:
Lepturges zonula is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Monné in 1976.

References

Lepturges
Beetles described in 1976