title: Frank Medina

text:
Frank Medina is a former U.S. Army captain who organized and managed the successful nationwide campaign to award the Congressional Gold Medal to the U.S. Army's 65th Infantry Regiment, also known as the Borinqueneers.

The Congressional Gold Medal is the highest civilian honor that can be awarded by the United States. As of 2014, only six other military units have received this award: The Tuskegee Airmen, the Navajo Code Talkers, the Native American Code Talkers, the Nisei Japanese soldiers, the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), and the Montford Point Marines. Until 2014, when the Borinqueneers received it, the only Latino in U.S. history to be awarded the Congressional Gold Medal was Roberto Clemente.

Early life and education
Medina was born in 1979 in Ponce, Puerto Rico. His family moved to the United States during his childhood, and he grew up in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

In 2002, he graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Management in West Point, with a minor in Electrical Engineering.

In June 2012, Medina graduated from the University of Florida with a Master of Science degree in Industrial & Systems Engineering, with a minor in Information Systems. He holds the Project Management Professional certification along with several IT/Telecommunication certifications.

Military service
Medina served in the Iraq War and rose to the rank of captain.

During his military service, Medina's overseas assignments included Seoul, South Korea; Honduras; Kuwait; and a combat tour in Iraq with Operation Iraqi Freedom. He served as a U.S. Army officer in the Signal Communications Corps.

The Boriqueneers
Capt. Medina first heard of the 65th Infantry Regiment from his Korean War veteran grandfather, Efraín Santiago, who talked about the discrimination that he and his fellow Puerto Rican Borinqueneers faced in the U.S. military. Over time, Medina was able to grasp the cultural context, and military significance, of the Borinqueneers' service during World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.

The Borinqueneers unit was created by the U.S. Congress in 1899 as an all-Puerto Rican unit, and is credited with waging the last battalion-sized bayonet assault in U.S. Army history.

The men of the 65th, now attached to the Army's 3rd Infantry Division, were amongst the first infantrymen to meet the enemy on the battlefields of Korea. After November 1950, they fought daily against units of the Chinese People's Liberation Army after the Chinese entered the war on the North Korean side.

In April 1951, the regiment participated in the Uijonbu Corridor drives and in June 1951, the 65th was the third regiment to cross the Han Ton River. The 65th took and held Chorwon and were also instrumental in breaking the Iron Triangle of Hill 717 in July 1951. In November 1951, the regiment fought off an attack by two regimental size enemy units. Colonel Juan César Cordero Dávila was named commander of 65th Infantry on 8 February 1952, thus becoming one of the highest ranking ethnic officers in the Army.

The Borinqueneers were awarded battle participation credits for the following nine campaigns: UN Defense-1950, UN Offense-1950, CCF Intervention-1950, First UN Counterattack Offensive-1951, UN and CCF Spring Offensive-1951, UN Summer-Fall Offensive-1951, 2nd Korean Winter 1951–52, Korean Summer-Fall-1952 and 3rd Korean Winter-1952-53. They are also credited with the last battalion-sized bayonet assault in U.S. Army history.

During the Korean War, the Borinqueneers were awarded one Medal of Honor to Master Sargeant Juan E Negrón, nine Distinguished Service Crosses, 258 Silver Stars, 628 Bronze Stars, and 2,771 Purple Hearts. Seven hundred fifty Borinqueneers died in the Korean War.

Congressional Gold Medal initiative
Medina's decision to bring recognition to the Borinqueneers occurred when he attended a service academy minority alumni reunion, where he met a man named Raul Reyes Castañeira. A Borinqueneer and Korean War vet, Castañeira was the youngest of four brothers who served in Korea with the regiment. During the event, Castañeira pointed to a Montford Point Marine and said, "that Marine has a Montford Point gold medal. How can we get one?" At that moment, Medina decided to take action.

In 2012, Medina founded the Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal Alliance—a group of individuals and organizations dedicated to obtaining the Congressional Gold Medal for the Borinqueneers, which was sponsored by the You Are Strong! Center on Veterans Health and Human Services. From 2012 until 2014, Medina was National Chair for the Borinqueneers Gold Medal Alliance, and the driving force behind the effort to pass a congressional bill to recognize the unit.

Medina and his colleagues, conducted a multi-front campaign which included nationwide cold calling, a website launch, and numerous letters to officials and legislators, including four Puerto Rican members of Congress: Rep. José E. Serrano (D-NY), Rep. Nydia Velasquez (D-NY), Rep. Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.) and Rep. Raul Labrador (R-Idaho).

In Pennsylvania, Medina's efforts were supported locally by Pennsylvania State Senator Mike Stack, his legislative assistant Juvencio Gonzalez, and veterans organizations who urged the House of Representatives and Senate to take action. In Washington, DC, the staff of Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi worked tirelessly, advocating and coordinating with both houses of congress, until a bill on behalf of the Borinqueeners was sponsored by U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Congressman Bill Posey (R-Fla.).

On June 10, 2014, President Barack Obama signed the legislation to award the Congressional Gold Medal to the Borinqueneers.

In November 2014, Medina wrote an article about the Borinqueneers and the Congressional Gold Medal initiative, which was published in Army Magazine.

In March 2015, Medina was recognized for his organization and leadership of the national Congressional Gold Medal campaign initiative. His advocacy continues with support for the renaming of East Main Street after the Borinqueneers, in the town of Bridgeport, Ct.

A national legacy
The 65th Infantry Regiment was deactivated in 1956. The Congressional Gold Medal initiative thus had sense of urgency to ensure that at least some of the Borinqueneers would be alive to be honored. In addition, Medina told ABC News that, "We need to weave the contributions of not only Hispanic veterans, but all Hispanics into the fabric of American culture. We definitely need to leave a positive image."

Medina was also reported as having one more goal in mind for the group. "They deserve to have a Hollywood movie made about them," he said.

Recent work
After departing from active military service, Medina joined the U.S. Army Reserves with the rank of mayor and worked as an IT network analyst and was assigned to Kabul, Afghanistan, where he viewed the progression of the country's nascent government rebuild into a modern society.

In June 2012, he graduated from the University of Florida with a Master of Science degree in Industrial & Systems Engineering with a minor in Information Systems. While completing his studies at the University of Florida, Medina helped to educate and mentor many undergraduate Hispanic students in the rigors of graduate school selection, admission applications and career advice/development, as well as what industry and occupations in which to specialize.

Medina holds the Project Management Professional certification along with several IT and Telecommunication certifications. He currently lives in Orlando, Florida, where he works with the Department of the Navy as a systems engineer for training and simulation technologies for U.S. Navy Aircraft.

See also

Military history of Puerto Rico
List of Puerto Rican military personnel
West Point (Notable Alumni)

References

External links
Borinqueneers Congressional Gold Medal Alliance Website
Borinqueneers Website
Latino Alliance
Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army
Suggested Reading on the 65th Infantry  compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

1979 births
Living people
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
Military personnel from Ponce
Korean War
Puerto Rican Army personnel
United States Army officers
United States Army reservists
United States Military Academy alumni
University of Florida alumni


title: Stora Hästnäs

text:
Stora Hästnäs is an estate on the island Gotland, not far from Visby, Sweden. It is  known mainly for its well preserved medieval era stone house dating  from the 1300s. It is the most well-preserved medieval residential building on Gotland outside Visby.

History

The medieval limestone building is four stories tall and decorated with crow-stepped gables. A three-window gallery adorns the southern façade, and above it a door designed to bring merchandise and supplies to the top, storage floor. Originally the presently visible building was only the middle section of a considerably larger building.

The medieval building has a basement and a ground floor which contained living quarters and a fireplace.     A round archway leads into the first floor. The entrance gate shows traces of having been decoratively sculpted. Above it, a room that looks out the three windows on the south façade was probably used as living quarters during the summer months, and for festivities. Above it lies the top story, reserved for storage.

The building is similar in style to contemporary city houses in Visby, and may have been commissioned by a Visby burgher living on the countryside. In 1925 a restoration was carried out with elements of reconstruction. It is a listed building and is privately owned. However, for visitors it is accessible.

Gallery

See also
Katthamra

References

External links

Manor houses in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Gotland County


title: 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (women's handball)

text:
The 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I is the 64th season of the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, Hungary's premier Handball league.

Team information

The following 12 clubs compete in the NB I during the 2014–15 season:

Personnel and kits
Following is the list of clubs competing in 2014–15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I, with their president, head coach, kit manufacturer and shirt sponsor.

Regular season

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Championship playoff
Teams in bold won the playoff series. Numbers to the left of each team indicate the team's original playoff seeding. Numbers to the right indicate the score of each playoff game.

Semifinals

1st leg

2nd leg

FTC-Rail Cargo Hungária won series 2–0 and advanced to the final.

Győri Audi ETO KC won series 2–0 and advanced to the final.

Final
1st leg

2nd leg

FTC-Rail Cargo Hungária won Championship final series 2–0.

5th – 8th placement

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Relegation round

Standings

Pld - Played; W - Won; D - Drawn; L - Lost; GF - Goals for; GA - Goals against; Diff - Difference; Pts - Points.

Schedule and results
In the table below the home teams are listed on the left and the away teams along the top.

Season statistics

Top goalscorers
Updated to games played on 24 May 2015.

Source:

Number of teams by counties

NB I clubs in 2014–15 European competitions

 Győri Audi ETO KC

 FTC-Rail Cargo Hungária

 Érd

 Dunaújvárosi Kohász KA

 Siófoki KC-Galerius Fürdő

Final standing

References

External links
 Hungarian Handball Federaration

Nemzeti Bajnokság I (women's handball)
2014–15 domestic handball leagues
Nemzeti Bajnoksag I Women
2014 in women's handball
2015 in women's handball


title: 2013 Baltic Chain Tour

text:
The 2013 Baltic Chain Tour was the third edition of the Baltic Chain Tour road cycling race. It was held over a period of six days between 19 and 25 May 2013. The race was a part of the 2013 UCI Europe Tour with a race classification of 2.2. General classification was won by German cyclist Philipp Walsleben of .

Schedule

Teams

Stages

Stage 1
19 August 2013 – Lahti,

Stage 2
20 August 2013 – Tallinn to Viljandi,

Stage 3
21 August 2013 – Viljandi to Otepää,

Stage 4
22 August 2013 – Smiltene to Sigulda,

Stage 5
24 August 2013 – Panevėžys to Utena,

Stage 6
25 August 2013 – Utena to Vilnius,

Classification leadership table

Final standings

General classification

Sprint classification

Mountains classification

Young riders classification

Team classification

References

2013 UCI Europe Tour
2013 in Latvian sport
2013 in Estonian sport
2013 in Lithuanian sport
2013 in Finnish sport
Baltic Chain Tour


title: National Institute of Water Sports

text:
The National Institute of Water Sports (NIWS) is designated centre under Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) which run by  Tourism Ministry, India. The Institute, only one of its nature in South Asia, acts as the apex body for training, education, consultancy and research on areas related to recreational and leisure Watersports. The certification and licensing from this Institute are required for carrying out operations in water-bodies such as handling different watercraft for the tourists, swimming pools, water theme-parks etc. Some major disciplines for training and education are life saving, powerboat handling, sailing, windsurfing, water skiing, scuba diving, river rafting and kayaking. From Academic Year 2016, MBA- Tourism (Tourism & Travel) has been introduced & PhD in Tourism & Travel commenced in July 2018 at its state-of-the art campus.

Profile
The National Institute of Water Sports was established in July 1990 under the aegis of the Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India on a 16.5 acres of beach side site in Panaji. In 2004, it was designated as a A Centre under Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM). It is the first institute of its kind in the South East Asia and only Institution under the Central or State Government for the matters related to Aqua-tourism and adventure. The Board of Governors of IITTM controls the activities of the institute.

The Institute is the apex body for water sports in India and the nodal agency for training, consultancy, development, regulation, framing safety norms, benchmarking and promotion of water sports. The Adventure Tourism Guidelines of Govt. of India designated NIWS as only agency for training, certification and licensing for handling recreational watercraft in India. The spectrum of activities ranges from advising state government agencies and corporate/ private entrepreneurs on safety norms, preparation of feasibility studies, organising water sports awareness and water safety campaigns, inspection and certification of water sports centres to training on water sports disciplines. A training program namely "Sea Rescue Squad" has been introduced recently. It is also actively engaged in competence building of defence agencies especially in the domain of aqua-based adventures.

Facilities
The state-of-the art, iconic campus being built for the Institute at Caranzalem, Near Dona Paula Circle, Panaji, Goa has all modern training and education facilities including an Olympic-size dive pool.[3] It is bestowed with best talents and faculty pool. Efforts are also being made to expand the facility and cover a wide range of adventure sports including land-based adventures  at Caranzalem, Panjim in Goa.

Gallery

Long-duration Courses

MBA- Tourism (Tourism & Travel) commenced from 2016-17 and PhD (Tourism Management) in July 2018. The program of BBA- Tourism & Travel is also being planned to commence in a year period.

Short-duration Courses
These are meant for certification and licensing to handle various operations and are broadly of three categories: skill enhancement, professional and management courses.

Skill Courses
 Windsurfing
 Dinghy Sailing (Enterprise Class)
 Waterskiing
 Kayaking
 River Rafting

Professional Courses
 Out Board Motor Maintenance (Basic)
 Out Board Motor Maintenance (Advanced)
 FRP Boat Repair
 Tiller-controlled Power Boat Handling (PBH-T)
 Remote Controlled Powerboat Handling (PBH-R)
 Life Saving Techniques for Water-sport Operator (LST-WS)
 Life Saving Techniques for Water-park Lifeguard (LST-WP)
 Life Saving Techniques for Pool Lifeguard (LST-P)
 Surf Life Saving Techniques (SLST-S)
 Silver Certification for Beach Lifeguard
 Surf Life Saving Techniques (SLST-G)
 Gold Certification for Beach Lifeguard
 CPR Training
 CPR Demonstration Programme

For Resorts and Industries
 PWC / Jet Ski Conversion
 Parasail boat conversion course (Remote/ Level-3)
 Parasail Operations
 Sea Rescue and Equipment Operations

Management Courses
 Watersport Centre Management
 Watersport Orientation Programme for Executives (Course fee includes boarding and lodging)
 Communication Skills for Watersport Instructors
 Entrepreneurship Development Programme

Setting-up of Infrastructure
During the setting up of the Institute at Caranzalem, there were oppositions from some sections of local fishermen citing that it could affect the traditional fishing in the area and thereby their livelihood. The Goenchea Raponkarancho Ekvott (GRE), an organization of fishermen also submitted a memorandum to the Goa government against setting up of the campus, citing that it would violate the coastal regulation (CRZ) zone guidelines. However, the authorities of the Institute clarified the matter to concerned agencies of the government and the local communities and there is no violation of CRZ stipulations. According to them, the concerns are misplaced and the full-fledged infrastructure would rather be complementary and beneficial to the local communities. The concept and the design of the Institute are such that it nourishes the ecosystem around. Media also reported that all necessary permissions are in place for the development of the campus. The apprehensions of the local communities were also clarified since there was some misunderstanding on its impacts. This environment-friendly infrastructure would be fully operational very shortly.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Water-sports-institute-to-get-new-iconic-building-at-Caranzalem/articleshow/26377677.cms

Publications
NIWS has published two papers with regard to water sports and tourism.
 A Report on Problems and Prospects Of Accessible Tourism In India
 A Report on  Analyzing the Factors Responsible for Slow-Down in Tourist Arrivals in India
 HSRT: A Report on Evaluation of the Hunar se Rozgar Tak (From Skill Development to Employment) Scheme in India
 Tourism Development Revisited
 Coastal Tourism Development: Patterns & Issues

Apart from the two papers, NIWS has also come out with a brochure on Safety Norms for Watersports.

References

External links
 Adventure Tourism India
 on Acronym Finder
 Courses
 on Grotal site
 Goa Tourism release
 IITTM release
 "National Institute of Water Sports" at Press Information Bureau
 on Founder Principal
 Incredible India

Water sports in India
Tourism in Goa
Tourist attractions in Panaji
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Adventure tourism in India


title: Neospirifer

text:
Neospirifer is an extinct genus of articulate brachiopod fossils belonging to the family Trigonotretidae.

These stationary epifaunal suspension feeders lived in the Carboniferous and Permian periods, from 360.7 to 252.3 Ma.  Fossils of this genus have been found in the sediments of Europe, United States, Canada, China, Australia, India, Pakistan,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala and Venezuela.

Description
Neospirifer species have shells with robust valves, a prominent sulcus and a characteristic ridge.

Species

References

Prehistoric brachiopod genera
Carboniferous first appearances
Permian genus extinctions
Spiriferida
Paleozoic life of British Columbia
Paleozoic life of Nunavut
Paleozoic life of Yukon


title: Ee Dil Helide Nee Bekantha

text:
Ee Dil Helide Nee Bekantha is a 2014 Kannada romance drama film directed by TM Srinivasa and produced by Sridhara S under the banner of Sai Krishna Enterprises. It stars Avinash Diwakar and Sri Sruthi.

Cast
 Avinash Diwakar
 Sri Sruthi
 Shashank Bangalore

Music

The soundtrack album of the film has been composed by Satish Aryan, who makes his debut as a music director with this. Lyrics of the songs have been written by S Sridhara.

Track listing

References

2014 films
2010s Kannada-language films
2014 romantic drama films
Indian romantic drama films


title: Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo

text:
Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo (born 25 July 1954) is a Cameroonian politician who served in the government of Cameroon as Minister for External Relations from 2011 to 2015.

He was Minister of Communication from 2004 to 2006. He was appointed as Minister of External Affairs on 9 December 2011. After nearly four years as Minister of External Relations, he was dismissed from the government on 2 October 2015.

References

1954 births
Living people
Government ministers of Cameroon
Foreign ministers of Cameroon
Communication ministers of Cameroon


title: Mr. Joy

text:
Mr. Joy is an album led by jazz pianist Paul Bley recorded in the studio and in concert in Seattle in 1968 and released on the Limelight label.

Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating: "in the case of this particular recording the more concise performances have proven to be like mother of pearl found on the beach".

Track listing
 "Only Lovely" (Paul Bley) - 6:20
 "Kid Dynamite" (Annette Peacock) - 3:10
 "Nothing Ever Was, Anyway" (Peacock) - 5:44
 "El Cordobes" (Peacock) - 6:04
 "Ramblin'" (Ornette Coleman) - 4:44
 "Touching" (Peacock) - 4:49
 "Blood" (Peacock) - 6:10
 "Mr. Joy" (Peacock) - 3:50

Personnel
Paul Bley - piano
Gary Peacock - bass
Billy Elgart - drums

References

1968 albums
Paul Bley albums
Limelight Records albums


title: Didymopogon

text:
Didymopogon is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Didymopogon sumatranum, which is endemic to western Sumatra.

References

External links
 Didymopogon in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Monotypic Rubiaceae genera


title: Didymosalpinx

text:
Didymosalpinx is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical Africa.

Species
 Didymosalpinx abbeokutae (Hiern) Keay
 Didymosalpinx callianthus J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows
 Didymosalpinx konguensis (Hiern) Keay
 Didymosalpinx lanciloba (S.Moore) Keay
 Didymosalpinx norae (Swynn.) Keay

References

External links
 Didymosalpinx in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae genera
Gardenieae
Flora of Africa
Taxa named by Ronald William John Keay


title: Wayunka

text:
Wayunka (Quechua for "bunch of bananas", Hispanicized spelling Huayunca) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru that is about  high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Oropesa District, northwest of the mountains Waytani and Chankuwaña.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Apurímac Region


title: Throne of Princess Sitamun

text:
The Throne of Princess Sitamun is an artefact from the tomb of Yuya and Thuya, which belonged to their granddaughter, Princess Sitamun, the daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III  and Queen Tiye of the 18th Dynasty.

Description
The wooden throne is an example of the subtlety and elegance of Egyptian woodwork in the 18th Dynasty. It is made from a common wood covered in parts by a  thick veneer of a less common wood, possibly walnut. The veneer is attached by pegs.

The legs, of solid walnut, are shaped like the front and rear legs of a lion, complete with four toes and a dewclaw on the front feet. These paws sit atop high, ridged, drum bases on which traces of stucco, linen, and silver leaf survive. Cross bars which were originally silver-plated strengthen the legs. The ends of these bars are gilt and shaped like stylised papyrus umbels. A curved support strut under the seat further strengthen the frame.

The very well preserved seat is made of fine string threaded through holes in the frame; it is woven in a herringbone pattern and tied underneath. This material was still strong despite its age, as the chair supported the unexpected weight of Empress Eugenie of France, who visited the tomb during its clearance. James Quibell and Joseph Lindon Smith were too embarrassed to tell her to get up.

The high back curves around the sitter. It is supported from behind by three vertical struts running in parallel; the two outer struts were supplemented with gilt wood edging. The backrest itself is made of a frame composed of several supports into which the wood making up the back proper is set. As elsewhere it is covered by a veneer, this time carrying gilded decoration; the veneer has split and cracked. The armrests and seat frame were strengthened by gilt wood edging too which continued from the armrests up to the back of the chair. Bronze nails supplement the wooden mortise and tenon joins where the pieces of the backrest meet.

The armrests consist of a frame made of four parts and filled in by a panel of wood. The dowels and mortise and tenons are supplemented by four bronze nails on each armrest. Wooden pegs were also used to fill the knots present in the wood.

At the front of the armrests there are gilt portrait heads. They are perhaps busts of Sitamun herself. As is usual for this period, she wears a short, round, curly wig and a broad usekh collar. The crown, face and collar are all gilt; the wig was once black.

Decoration

Backrest

The backside is covered in silver and decorated with a fine feather pattern, now blackened with age. The sides bear gilt decoration. On the front side there is a gilt plaster relief depicting the winged sun above a scene which centres on the princess.

The scene is doubled, showing Sitamun enthroned before a young woman bringing gifts. She is seated in a chair with a high back and lion legs; the low armrests are decorated with a feather pattern. Her feet sit on a footstool or flat cushion. She wears a short curly wig and the typical sidelock of Egyptian royal youth, set off by a large earring. On her head she wears a diadem, tied in the back, featuring a gazelle at the brow, and is crowned by a modius topped by three tall lotus blooms and buds. She wears a broad usekh collar, as well as bracelets on her arms. She is clothed in a tight-fitting garment of closely pleated linen, stretching down to her ankles. In her hands she holds a sistrum and menat – typical attributes of princesses and singers in the cult of Hathor. Both of the women bearing gifts are identical in appearance and costume, wearing half length wigs with an angular cut, headbands, crowns, bracelets, earrings, and broad collars. They wear tight vests, belts, and long skirts decorated with horizontal bands. They present a wide golden usekh collar to the princess on a tray. The scene is topped by a frieze of lotus blooms. Above the figures an inscription which names Sitamun as "the eldest daughter of the king whom he loves" and the presentation of the collar is captioned "offering gold of the lands of the South." The whole scene is edged by a frame.

Armrests
The inner sides of the armrests continue the scene on the backrest, depicting a procession of four women carrying stacks of gold rings, all crowned with tall headdresses of lotus flowers. Their ornaments and the shape of their long dresses vary from one another, otherwise their appearance mimics that of the servants in the main scene on the back of the chair.

The outside of the right armrest shows the goddess Taweret with two figures of the god Bes. Taweret is depicted in the form of a hippopotamus with sagging breasts, a crocodile's back and a lion's paws. All figures have randomly dotted fur. One of the figures of Bes swings two knives, the other plays the tambourine. The left armrest shows Bes three times, again with knives and a tambourine. The gods Taweret and Bes served as defense from evil forces, guaranteeing health and long life. Taweret was a goddess of fertility, pregnancy and birth. Both deities were regularly depicted on beds, headrests and chairs in the 18th dynasty.

Purpose
Given the wear of the gold leaf on the backrest, the moulding of the armrests and the ornamental portrait heads, it is thought that the chair was used on a day-to-day basis. But in addition it was also a piece of ceremonial furniture. The scenes depicting a gift of gold probably refer to the first Nehebkau festival of Amenhotep III. Walter Segal suggested in his examination of the chair that the bronze nails were added only after it became consigned to the tomb.

Bibliography
 Geoffrey Killen. Ancient Egyptian furniture / (Vol) I, 4000–1300 BC (Vol) II, Boxes, chests and footstools. Aris & Phillips, Warminster 1994., , pp. 51–63.
 Marianne Eaton-Krauss. "Walter Segal’s Documentation of CG 51113, the Throne of Princess Sat-Amun." The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 75. 1989, pp. 77–88.
 Klaus-Peter Kuhlmann. "Der Thron im alten Ägypten. Untersuchungen zu Semantik, Ikonographie und Symbolik eines Herrschaftszeichens." ADAIK. 10, 1977, p. 88 with n. 5.
 Nicholas Reeves, Richard H. Wilkinson. The Complete Valley of the Kings. Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs. Thames & Hudson, 1996, , p. 178.
 Dan Svarth. Egyptisk møbelkunst fra faraotiden. Skippershoved, Skårup 1998, , pp. 64–85.
 André Wiese, Andreas Brodbeck, Andreas F. Voegelin, Andrea Maria Gnirs. Tutanchamun – Das goldene Jenseits. Grabschätze aus dem Tal der Könige. Hirmer, München 2004, , pp. 196–201.

References

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Egyptian Museum
Art of ancient Egypt
Archaeological discoveries in Egypt
Individual thrones


title: Dioecrescis

text:
Dioecrescis is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Dioecrescis erythroclada, which is found in India and Indochina.

References

Monotypic Rubiaceae genera
Flora of India (region)
Flora of Indo-China


title: Dioicodendron

text:
Dioicodendron is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Dioicodendron dioicum, which is found from western South America to northwestern Venezuela.

Some authors recognize a second species, Dioicodendron cuatrecasasii.

References

Monotypic Rubiaceae genera
Dialypetalantheae


title: McClinton Neal

text:
McClinton Earl Neal (born July 11, 1968, in Dallas) is an American track and field athlete, know primarily for running the 400 metres hurdles.  He represented the United States at the 1992 Olympics. The previous year he earned a silver medal at the 1991 Pan Am Games.

While running for the University of Texas, Arlington, he was the 1990 NCAA Champion. Neal ran his professional career with the Santa Monica Track Club, retiring in 2000.

Since the Olympics Neal has performed stand-up comedy professionally and appeared on General Hospital, The Young and the Restless and in an episode of Arli$$.

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
African-American male track and field athletes
American male hurdlers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Track and field athletes from Dallas
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople


title: Markiesje

text:
A Markiesje, also known as Dutch Tulip Hound, is believed to be an old dog breed. On several paintings dating from the 17th and 18th century a small, black dog resembling a Markiesje can be seen. However, the Markiesje - as currently known - has only been bred actively since the mid 1970s.

The Markiesje was accepted by the Dutch Raad van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied in Nederland as an official breed but it is not yet accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

Character

The Dutch Raad van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied in Nederland categorized Markiesje as a companion dog, not to be confused with a lap dog. The dog likes long walks and runs. Markiesjes are rather alert and will act as watchdog. The dog can be kept with other pets, such as cats and rodents, provided they are introduced properly and trained to accept each other.

External links
 Dutch website "Dutch Breedclub for the Markiesje"
 English version of website "Raad van Beheer"

References

Gundogs
Dog breeds originating in the Netherlands


title: Dilwala

text:
Dilwala is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Anil Kumar (Dilwala Anil). The film stars Sumanth Shailendra and Radhika Pandit. Shailendra Babu produced the film. The musical score is by Arjun Janya and the cinematographer was Sudhakar's cinematography.

Shot at scenic locales inBangalore, Mysore, Ooty and Dubai for two songs, the film speaks about a campus romance between a village farmer girl and a rich brat boy. The film received average response from the critics.

Cast
 Sumanth Shailendra as Prem
 Radhika Pandit as Preethi
 Ravishankar
 Jai Jagadish
 Sharath Lohitashwa
 Bullet Prakash

Production
After the debacle of his debut film Aata (2011), actor Sumanth Shailendra with the help of his producer father Shailendra Babu teamed up with director - writer Anil Kumar for a romantic entertainer. The producer signed on the talented actress Radhika Pandit to play the female lead. Arjun Janya was roped in to compose the music while Anil Kumar's previous associate Sudhakar was made to handle the cinematography.

The first schedule of the filming began on 16 December 2012 and continued for a week including a scene at Hyderabad outdoor spot. Rest of the filming took place in Ooty, Mysore, Bangalore and the team left for Dubai to shoot two songs. A huge set was erected on the streets of NICE road near Bangalore spending about 30Lakhs.

Soundtrack
The music for the film is composed by Arjun Janya. The lyrics for the songs were written by director Anil Kumar himself along with Yogaraj Bhat and Ananda Priya.

Track list

Reception
A critic from Sify wrote that "Sumanth Shailendra’s 'Dilwala' is definitely better than his previous film ‘Aata’". A critic from Bangalore Mirror wrote that "Dilwala is lavish, colourful and overdone".

References

2013 films
2010s Kannada-language films
Indian romantic drama films
Films shot in Dubai
2013 romantic drama films
Films scored by Arjun Janya
Films shot in Bangalore
Films shot in Mysore
Films shot in Ooty


title: 2014–15 FC Krasnodar season

text:
The 2014–15 FC Krasnodar season was the 4th successive season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. Krasnodar also took part in the Russian Cup and the Europa League for the first time in the club's history, entering at the Third qualifying round.

Squad

Out on loan

Reserve squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Friendlies

Competitions

Russian Premier League

Results by round

Matches

League table

Russian Cup

UEFA Europa League

Qualifying phase

Group stage

Squad statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
|colspan="14"|Players away from the club on loan:

|-
|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Krasnodar no longer at the club:

|}

Goal Scorers

Disciplinary record

Notes
 MSK time changed from UTC+4 to UTC+3 permanently on 26 October 2014.

References

FC Krasnodar seasons
Krasnodar
Krasnodar


title: Jaime Moreno (footballer, born 1995)

text:
Jaime José Moreno Ciorciari (born 30 March 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Veikkausliiga club SJK. Born in Venezuela, he represents the Nicaragua national team.

Club career
Born in Puerto la Cruz from a Nicaraguan father and an Italian-Venezuelan mother, Moreno graduated with Deportivo Anzoátegui's youth setup. He played his first match as a professional on 21 October 2012, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–0 home win against Deportivo Petare for the Primera División championship.

Moreno scored his first goal on 28 April 2013, netting his side's last in a 3–2 home success over Mineros de Guayana. Despite being only a backup in 2012–13, he was an undisputed starter in 2013–14, appearing in 29 matches and scoring nine goals.

On 17 June 2014 Moreno was loaned to Cyprus First Division's AEL Limassol, in a season-long deal. He made no appearances for the side, and eventually returned to DANZ in December.

On 27 January 2015 Moreno signed a three-year deal with Málaga CF, being assigned to the reserves in Tercera División. On 13 February he was loaned to Segunda División B's CD El Palo, until June.

On 24 August 2018, after loans at Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa and Lorca FC, Moreno signed a permanent contract with Internacional de Madrid in the third division.

On 2 January 2023, Moreno joined Veikkausliiga club SJK ahead of the 2023 season. On 24 August 2023, Moreno extended his contract with SJK, signing a new two-year deal until the end of 2025.

International career

International goals
Scores and results list Nicaragua's goal tally first.

References

External links
 AF Venezuela profile

1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Anzoátegui
People with acquired Nicaraguan citizenship
Nicaraguan men's footballers
Nicaragua men's international footballers
Venezuelan men's footballers
Venezuela men's under-20 international footballers
Nicaraguan people of Venezuelan descent
Nicaraguan people of Italian descent
Venezuelan people of Nicaraguan descent
Venezuelan people of Italian descent
Men's association football forwards
Deportivo Anzoátegui players
AEL Limassol players
Atlético Malagueño players
Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa players
Internacional de Madrid players
Lorca FC players
Real Estelí FC players
Asociación Civil Deportivo Lara players
Estudiantes de Mérida players
Diriangén FC players
Club Sol de América footballers
Seinäjoen Jalkapallokerho players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Venezuelan Primera División players
Paraguayan Primera División players
Nicaraguan expatriate men's footballers
Venezuelan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Paraguay
Expatriate men's footballers in Finland
Nicaraguan expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Nicaraguan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Nicaraguan expatriate sportspeople in Paraguay
Nicaraguan expatriate sportspeople in Finland


title: Bianca Beetson

text:
Bianca Beetson is an Australian contemporary artist.

Life and career

Bianca Beetson was born in Roma, Western Queensland. She is an Indigenous Australian of the Kabi Kabi nation of the Sunshine Coast in South East Queensland. She studied and obtained a Bachelor of Arts in visual arts at the Queensland University of Technology from 1993 to 1995. She completed her Honours in 1998 and was awarded a Doctorate of visual arts at Griffith University in 2018.

She established herself as an artist for contemporary Australian aboriginal art and lives and works in Brisbane. Her work includes media such as painting, photography, installation, new media, textiles and public art. In her paintings and sculpture she often uses shades of pink. Her work also reflects on her relationship to skin and she interprets body paint designs and scarification marks in a contemporary manner.

In 2013 she was commissioned by the Brisbane Botanic Gardens to install her sculpture Feast of the Bon-yi in bronze and corten steel there on Mount Coot-tha. The cluster of large nuts and spirit figures visualises the gathering of the tribes. The nut itself symbolises a sacred object, it provides nourishment, rebirth and growth and is the reason why people travelled from so far and wide.

References

 https://visualarts.net.au/podcasts/episode-42-bianca-beetson/

Australian women artists
Australian Aboriginal artists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Wiradjuri people
Queensland University of Technology alumni
People from South West Queensland


title: Diplospora

text:
Diplospora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical and subtropical Asia.

Species

Diplospora bilocularis (Kurz) M.Gangop. & Chakrab. - Burma
Diplospora cuspidata Valeton - Sarawak
Diplospora dubia (Lindl.) Masam. - China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
Diplospora erythrospora (Thwaites) Bedd. - Sri Lanka
Diplospora fasciculiflora (Elmer) Elmer - Philippines
Diplospora fruticosa Hemsl. - China, Vietnam
Diplospora griffithii Hook.f. - Burma
Diplospora kunstleri King & Gamble - Malaysia
Diplospora lasiantha Ridl. - Malaysia
Diplospora majumdarii M.Gangop. & Chakrab. - Perak
Diplospora minahassae Koord. - northern Sulawesi
Diplospora mollissima Hutch. - Yunnan
Diplospora negrosensis  (Elmer) Arriola & Alejandro
Diplospora puberula (Merr.) S.J.Ali & Robbr. - Philippines
Diplospora pubescens Hook.f. - Burma
Diplospora schmidthii (K.Schum. Craib. - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
Diplospora sessilis Elmer - Philippines
Diplospora siamica Craib - Burma, Thailand
Diplospora sorsogonensis (Elmer) A.P.Davis - Luzon
Diplospora stylosa Ridl. - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia
Diplospora tinagoensis (Elmer) S.J.Ali & Robbr. - Borneo, Philippines
Diplospora velutina King & Gamble - Perak
Diplospora wrayi King & Gamble - Peninsular Malaysia

References

Rubiaceae genera


title: Cardinal Allen Catholic High School

text:
Cardinal Allen Catholic High School is a mixed 11–16 voluntary-aided Roman Catholic faith school in Fleetwood, Lancashire, England.

Curriculum
Art, Craft and Design, Business and Communication Systems, Catering and Hospitality, Computer Science, Construction, Creative Technology, Digital Applications, Drama, English, Food and Nutrition, French, Geography, History, Information and Communication Technology, Maths, Music, Physical Education, Product Design, Personal Social Health Citizenship Economic Education, Religious Studies, Science, Spanish

Attainment
KS4 Performance table  indicating year on year comparisons for percentage achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs (or equivalent) including English and maths GCSEs.

Awards
 Design Mark
 International School Award 2012 - 2015
 Specialist Schools and Academies Trust - High Performance at GCSE
 Lancashire Green Awards
 ICT Mark Accredited
 Geography Award 2013
 Eco Schools Ambassador Status

Notable former pupils
 Alfie Boe, singer
 Scott Davies, footballer
 Tom Barkhuizen, footballer

References

External links
 EduBase

Secondary schools in Lancashire
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Lancaster
Voluntary aided schools in England
Schools in the Borough of Wyre
Educational institutions established in 1963
1963 establishments in England


title: Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress

text:
The following is a list of Teen Choice Award winners and nominees for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress. The award was first introduced (along with Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor and Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show) in 2010 with Nina Dobrev being the inaugural winner.

The Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress has been won by Nina Dobrev the most times, with six-consecutives wins. Dobrev is also the most nominated actress in this category with six nominations, all for The Vampire Diaries.

The current winner as Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress is Katherine McNamara for Shadowhunters (2019).

Winners and nominees

2010s

Most wins
The following individuals received two or more Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress awards:

6 Wins

 Nina Dobrev

Most nominations
The following individuals received two or more Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress nominations:

6 Nominations

 Nina Dobrev

5 Nominations

 Kat Graham

4 Nominations

 Eliza Taylor

3 Nominations

 Anna Torv
 Anna Paquin
 Ginnifer Goodwin
 Lana Parrilla

2 Nominations

 Danielle Panabaker
 Emeraude Toubia
 Emily Bett Rickards
 Jennifer Morrison
 Katherine McNamara
 Kristen Kreuk

Notes

References

Sci-Fi/Fantasy Actress
Awards for actresses


title: 1840 in Brazil

text:
Events in the year 1840 in Brazil.

Incumbents
Monarch: Pedro II

Events
Last remaining group of Cabanagem rebels, under leadership of Gonçalo Jorge de Magalhães, surrenders
Ragamuffin War: rebels of the Riograndense Republic refused an offer of amnesty by the Empire of Brazil, although it was clear that they had no chances of winning

Births
 9 June: Custódio José de Melo, admiral and politician (d. 1902)

Deaths

1840s in Brazil
Years of the 19th century in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil


title: Cobra King

text:
Cobra King may refer to:
Cobra King (tank), the first tank to relieve the siege of Bastogne
Cobra King radar, a radar system carried by USNS Howard O. Lorenzen
The Cobra King of Kathmandu, the third novel in the Children of the Lamp trilogy

See also
 King Cobra (disambiguation)


title: 1845 in Brazil

text:
Events in the year 1845 in Brazil.

Incumbents
Monarch: Pedro II

Events
March 1 - Ragamuffin War: peace negotiations led by Luis Alves de Lima e Silva and Antônio Vicente da Fontoura concluded with the signing of the Ponche Verde Treaty between rebels and imperial government, in Dom Pedrito. The treaty offered the rebels a full amnesty, full incorporation into the imperial army and the choice of the next provincial president. All the debts of the Riograndense Republic were paid off by the Empire of Brazil and a tariff of 25% was introduced on imported charque. The Treaty did not state clearly whether the Riograndense and Juliana republics remained independent, but they remained in the Empire of Brazil

Births
 26 January - Júlio César de Noronha
Prince Luigi, Count of Roccaguglielma, son of Princess Januária of Brazil

Deaths

References

1840s in Brazil
Years of the 19th century in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil


title: Marian (TV program)

text:
Marian is a 2014 Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Louie Ignacio and Mark A. Reyes, it was hosted by Marian Rivera. It premiered on June 21, 2014. The show concluded on December 6, 2014 with a total of 25 episodes. It was replaced by Himig ng Pasko in its timeslot.

Hosts

 Marian Rivera

Co-hosts
 Julie Anne San Jose
 Christian Bautista
 Mark Bautista
 Paolo Ballesteros

Segments
 Celebrity Dance Showdown
 Marian's Dance Steps
 Playlist

Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of Marian earned a 21.5% rating. While the final episode scored a 20.4% rating. The show got its highest rating on August 9, 2014 with a 27.1% rating which featured Dingdong Dantes' marriage proposal to Marian Rivera.

Accolades

References

External links

2014 Philippine television series debuts
2014 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
Philippine variety television shows


title: Buddleja jinsixiaensis

text:
Buddleja jinsixiaensis is a newly discovered species endemic to Shaanxi, China, where it grows in the Jinxia Grand Canyon at an elevation of c. 1,200 m. Two specimens were found, one in Quercus forest, another on a rocky slope, by a team led by Renbin Zhu in May 2013.

Description
Buddleja jinsixiaensis grows to 1–1.5 m in height. The bark of older branches exfoliates in strips. The younger twigs are subterete, stellate tomentose, soon becoming glabrescent. The opposite ovate to narrowly lanceolate leaves are 6–12 long by 2–4 cm wide, both surfaces green and glabrescent, the margins serrate. The inflorescences comprise terminal paniculate cymes, rather lax, each bearing 3–11 blue-purple flowers with white eyes, the corollas 9–11  mm long. Morphologically similar to B. delavayi, B. jinsixiaensis flowers in May, and fruits in August.

Cultivation
The species is not known to be in cultivation beyond China.

References

jinsixiaensis
Flora of China


title: Luton Analogue Computing Engine

text:
The Luton Analogue Computing Engine (LACE) was a code name for a military general purpose analogue computer, predominantly used for missile simulation.
It was developed in 1953-1956 by English Electric's Guided Missile Division in Luton, UK. Upon the closure of the Luton factory in 1962, LACE was transferred to the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) Guided Weapons Division in Stevenage.

References

External links
 English Electric Co: Navigational Projects Division, Grace's Guide to British Industrial History

Early British computers
Analogue Computing Engine
British Aircraft Corporation
Computer-related introductions in 1953
English inventions
Science and technology in Bedfordshire
Stevenage


title: Sinhala Archaic Numbers

text:
Sinhala Archaic Numbers is a Unicode block containing Sinhala Illakkam number characters.

History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Sinhala Archaic Numbers block:

References

Unicode blocks
Sinhala language


title: Supplemental Arrows-C

text:
Supplemental Arrows-C is a Unicode block containing stylistic variants, weights, and fills of standard directional arrows.

Block

History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Supplemental Arrows-C block:

References

Unicode blocks


title: Trigonotretidae

text:
Trigonotretidae is an extinct family of articulate brachiopods belonging to the order Spiriferida.

These stationary epifaunal suspension feeders lived in the Carboniferous and Permian periods, from 360.7 to 252.3 Ma.

Genera
Aperispirifer Waterhouse, 1968
Betaneospirifer Gatinaud, 1949
Blasispirifer Kulikov, 1950
Brachythyrinella
Cartorhium Cooper and Grant, 1976
Costatispirifer Archbold and Thomas, 1985
Crassispirifer Archbold and Thomas, 1985
Cratispirifer Archbold and Thomas, 1985
Fasciculatia Waterhouse, 2004
Frechella
Fusispirifer Waterhouse, 1966
Gibbospirifer Waterhouse, 1971
Gypospirifer Cooper and Grant, 1976
Imperiospira Archbold and Thomas, 1993
Kaninospirifer
Lepidospirifer Cooper and Grant, 1969
Neospirifer Fredericks, 1919
Occidalia Archbold, 1997
Pondospirifer Waterhouse, 1978
Quadrospira Archbold, 1997
Saltospirifer Cisterna and Archbold, 2007
Septospirifer Waterhouse, 1971
Sulciplica Waterhouse, 1968
Trigonotreta Koenig, 1825

References

Prehistoric protostome families
Brachiopod families
Spiriferida
Carboniferous first appearances
Permian extinctions


title: 72P/Denning–Fujikawa

text:
72P/Denning–Fujikawa is a periodic comet discovered on 4 October 1881 by William Frederick Denning. The comet was not seen at another apparition until recovered by Shigehisa Fujikawa in 1978. From 29 December 1978 until 17 June 2014, the comet was lost. On 17 June 2014 the comet was recovered by Hidetaka Sato at apparent magnitude 16 when it was 50 degrees from the Sun. The comet came to perihelion in June 2023, and will next come to perihelion in May 2032.

There were failures to recover the comet during perihelion even in cases where it is estimated that it should have been around magnitude 8, such as in 1960 and 1969, and it has been suggested since then it is only occasionally active. This has resulted in it being classified as a transitional comet. The comet was seen in 1978 at around magnitude 10. The comet was missed in 1987, 1996, and 2005 as it is now expected that the comet only brightened to about magnitude 13–14 during those passages.

In August 1881 the comet passed  from Earth. Between 1855 and 2059 perihelion will gradually be lifted from 0.79 AU to 0.82 AU.

Meteor shower
The 1834 trail of comet 72P/Denning–Fujikawa may come close to Earth on 7 January 2024 20:38 UT, but will need to be detected by radio/radar methods as the radiant will be near the Sun and Beta Capricorni. Meteor showers from 72P are more likely to occur in August or December, with December being a daytime event.

References

External links
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
 72P at Kazuo Kinoshita's Comets (1855–2105)
 Mikhail Maslov

Periodic comets
072P
0072
Comets in 2014
20230615
18811004


title: Gasser v MISAT

text:
Gasser v MISAT (C–116/02) was a decision of the European Court of Justice regarding the interpretation of the Brussels convention of 1968 ruling that a court chosen in a choice of court agreement should stay its proceedings - as any other court chosen second within the Brussels regime - until the court first seized had declared it did not have jurisdiction. The court's decision was considered problematic as it favoured the uniformity of application of the Brussels regime jurisdictional rules temporarily over party autonomy. Due to similar provisions in the 2001 Brussels Regulation and Lugano Conventions, the interpretation also affects choice of court agreements under those later instruments. However, in the 2012 Recast version of the Brussels I Regulation chosen courts can take jurisdiction, even if a court not chosen has been addressed first.

Facts
Austrian supplier Gasser and Italian distributor MISAT entered into a contract together for the supply of children's clothes. In the contract, they included a choice-of-court agreement, stipulating that an Austrian court have jurisdiction in case of conflict. However, when a dispute arose between the two parties, MISAT seised an Italian court to declare that the contract had been terminated, contrary to the choice-of-court clause they agreed on.

MISAT relied on Article 21 of the Brussels Convention, a convention to which all members of the European Community were party, and which regulates which court within those states has jurisdiction. The convention contains a lis alibi pendens-rule: where proceedings involving the same issue and between the same parties are brought before the courts of different Member States, the court seised second must stay proceedings up until the jurisdiction of the court first seised has been established – after which the court second seised must decline jurisdiction if the court first seised is indeed found to have jurisdiction. Consequently, Article 21 of the Convention establishes a type of "first come, first served"-rule: when there is a triple identity in parties, object, as well as cause of action, the court that has been seised second will only be able to decide in the case when it has been decided in the first court that the latter has no jurisdiction. The Report Jenard cites the need to "facilitate the proper administration of justice within the Community" as the underlying idea behind this lis alibi pendens rule, as irreconcilable judgments would obstruct such proper administration and ultimately be detrimental to the "mutual trust in the administration of justice in the Community". Consequently, the lis pendens-rule can be considered as an expression of the Regulation's search for both certainty and the preservation of mutual trust amongst Member States.

The problem however in the case at hand was that the parties had first made an agreement as to which court would have jurisdiction in case of conflict- namely an Austrian court. Consequently, Gasser brought the same case before the Oberlandesgericht (Higher Regional Court) Innsbruck in Austria, where the question was eventually passed on to the European Court of Justice of whether or not the lis pendens-rule could override the parties' autonomous decision contained in their choice-of-court agreement and thus, if the abovementioned rule contained in Article 21 of the convention was applicable or not.

CJEU procedure
The reference for a preliminary ruling were made on 25 March 2002, and observations were made -in addition to the parties in the dispute- by Italy, the United Kingdom and the European Commission. While Italy, the Commission and Misat contended that the lis pendens doctrine needed to take precedence, and that thus the court second seized should stay its proceedings until the first court had decided on its position, the UK and Gasser argued that the choice of the parties should take immediate precedence over the lis pendens rule.

Advocate-General
The (advisory) opinion of Advocate-General was delivered on 9 September 2003. The Advocate-general held that the European Court of Justice had the possibility to rule that a valid choice of court clause amounted exclusive jurisdiction to a (group of) courts, and that thus it was possible to derogate from using the lis pendens doctrine and give such a court immediate jurisdiction. The court had made a similar exception before in Overseas Union Insurance Ltd and Deutsche Ruck Uk Reinsurance Ltd and Pine Top Insurance Company Ltd v New Hampshire Insurance Company where it ruled that if one of the "exclusive jurisdiction" grounds of Article 16 applied, the court that had exclusive jurisdiction did not have to stay proceedings, even if it was seized second. The exclusive jurisdiction of choice of court agreements/clauses is however placed in Article 15, and thus is not automatically covered by the judgments. The Advocate general suggested to only allow a court seized second (and which was chosen in a choice of court clause/agreement) "where there is no room for any doubt as to the jurisdiction of the court second seised"; to avoid the situations where both courts would assume jurisdiction.

Decision
The Court resolutely rejected the possibility that the party autonomy could take precedence over the abovementioned goals of certainty and mutual trust, stating that "the court second seised is never in a better position than the court first seised to determine whether the latter has jurisdiction". Even though the Austrian court was consistent with the parties choice-of-court agreement, it was for the court first seized to decide it had not jurisdiction and the presence of such a clause is "not such as to call in question the application of the procedural rule contained in Article 21 of the Convention [now Article 27], which is based clearly and solely on the chronological order in which the courts involved are seised".

Relevance
The ruling by the Court has implications not only for the application of the Brussels Convention, but also by the Brussels I Regulation (44/2001) that mostly replaced it, and for the interpretation by EU states of the Lugano Conventions of 1998 and 2007 that contain similar provisions.

First, there is the (unlikely) risk that the court first seised finds the jurisdiction clause invalid, which consequently takes away the possibility for the designated court to decide the case, even if the latter would have declared the clause valid. Although the Court in Gasser first seems to minimise the likelihood of this hypothesis by stating that a jurisdiction clause "must be regarded as an independent concept", it nonetheless points out that verifying the existence of jurisdiction clauses "may necessitate delicate and costly investigations". As a result, although unlikely, there is still a risk that two courts from different Member States will decide upon the validity of a jurisdiction clause differently.

Second, the Court's ruling, which imposes a sort of absolute first-come, first-served principle, promotes the use of tactical litigation and "torpedo claims". The reason why can be described as the difference between theory and reality. In theory, the fact that a party would have to turn to a different Member State for a ruling in his case is irrelevant or even meaningless, as the Brussels I Regulation rests upon the axiomatic assumption that procedural justice is served wherever in the community proceedings are heard. In reality however, this fact is of great tactical significance to the recalcitrant party, since -apart from the aforementioned fact that the first court seised may determine the effect of Article 23 differently- some Member States have a system of much slower-moving judiciary, which makes the realisation of procedural justice unlikely. Italy is a prime example thereof, with decisions on jurisdiction alone taking several months or even years; commencing proceedings in Italy is accordingly dubbed "firing the Italian torpedo". This torpedo may well sink a jurisdiction agreement, as the crude confrontation with increased delay and expense for the other party makes it not only unlikely for him to recommence proceedings in the agreed court after jurisdiction has been settled, but can even deter him from litigating altogether at the sight of the location of the court first seised.

In conclusion, not only may the party defending the choice-of-court agreement experience substantive disadvantages in the other Member State, as the court situated there might declare the agreement invalid, the party may also be exposed to procedural disadvantages, caused by judicial system which is not chosen. This in turn can make the jurisdiction agreement ineffective altogether, going against the principle of party autonomy. Taking a formalistic and literal approach, the Court states that "the difficulties of the kind (...) stemming from delaying tactics by parties (...) are not such as to call in question the interpretation of the Brussels Convention, as deduced from its wordings and purpose", pointing out that the Regulation "is necessarily based on the trust which Contracting States accord to each other's legal systems and judicidial institutions".

Effect on the Brussels Regulation

In the Recast of the Brussels I Regulation, the Commission addressed the problems created by the Gasser judgment. Dealing with the problematic tactical litigation spawning from the Gasser judgment, the Recast Regulation now contains a reversal of the priority rule, by giving the court chosen by the parties in the jurisdiction agreement precedence over all other courts, regardless of when proceedings were initiated. From a prima facie point of view, this certainly seems to deal the Gasser problem effectively, as a tactical race to the court is now without effect. However, some have raised the question to whether or not this will simply encourage the use of 'sham jurisdictional agreements', and if this indisputable preference for allegedly-chosen courts could not just lead to “improved” or “reverse” torpedo claims.

References

Court of Justice of the European Union case law
Austrian case law
2003 in case law


title: Jeff Sigafoos

text:
Jeffrey Scott Sigafoos is a New Zealand professor of educational psychology.

After a PhD from the University of Minnesota, Sigafoos has held roles at University of Queensland, University of Sydney, and the University of Texas at Austin. He is currently a professor at Victoria University of Wellington  and an adjunct professor at James Madison University.

Sigafoos has been editor-in-chief of the journals Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Developmental Neurorehabilitation.
In 2015, Sigafoos was implicated in a scandal involving Johnny Matson and another two academic journals, Research in Developmental Disabilities and Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, according to which Matson allegedly accepted papers by a select group of authors including himself and Sigafoos for publication in these journals without first sending them out for peer review.

Selected works
 Challenging behavior and developmental disability
 Technology and teaching
 One-to-one training : instructional procedures for learners with developmental disabilities
 Implementing augmentative and alternative communication : strategies for learners with severe disabilities

References

External links
 google scholar
 institutional homepage

Educational psychologists
University of Minnesota alumni
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
James Madison University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Queensland
Academic staff of the University of Sydney
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: 1641 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1641 in Portugal.

Incumbents
King: John IV

Events
March 27 - beginning of the 11 month Siege of São Filipe near Angra do Heroismo in the Azores
June 12 - Treaty of The Hague (1641) is signed in The Hague representatives of the States-General of the Netherlands and by the ambassador of the Kingdom of Portugal
November 18 - John IV ratifies the treaty of The Hague

Births

Deaths

Years of the 17th century in Portugal
1640s in Portugal
1641 in Europe
1641 by country


title: 1644 in Portugal

text:
Events in the year 1644 in Portugal.

Incumbents
King: John IV

Events
May 26 - Battle of Montijo

References

Years of the 17th century in Portugal
1640s in Portugal
1644 in Europe
1644 by country


title: PERSIS (organization)

text:
Persatuan Islam (, abbreviated PERSIS) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia founded on 12 September 1923 in Bandung by a group of Muslims who are interested in education and religious activities led by Haji Zamzam and Haji Muhammad Yunus.

History
The idea started from an alumnus of Dar al-'Ulum in Mecca named H. Zamzam who since 1910-1912 CE was the religious teacher in the religious school Dar Al-Muta'alimîn. H. Zamzam founded the organization along with his close friend H. Muhammad Yunus. Both of them were born in Palembang.  Muhammad Yunus, a trader who was quite successful, in his youth earned a traditional religious education and mastered the Arabic language, so he could self-taught through the scriptures of interests. The equal educational background and culture uniting them in Islamic discussions. The topics of their discussions were usually matters related to religious movements that were developing at the time, or religious matters published in the magazine al-Munir in Padang or in al-Manar magazine published in Egypt.

One time, there was a discussion took place after an event festivity at the home of a family member, a native of Sumatra that had been living in Bandung. The matter of the discussion was about religious disagreement between al-Irshad and Jamiat Kheir. Since then, subsequent meetings transformed into a group of reviewers, a sort of club in the field of religious studies in which members of the group gladly reviewed, assessed, and tested the teachings they had received. Their discussions were also held with the Jum'ah prayer congregation, so the frequency increased and the discussion deepened. The number of people was originally only about 12 people. The discussions intensified and became not just limited to religious issues, but  wider and more political, such as on the dichotomy between traditional and Islamic Modernism that was occurring at the time between scholars of Jamiat Kheir and al-Irshad in Batavia, or the issue of communist infiltration in Sarekat Islam (SI) and the efforts Muslims tried to confront it.

In 1924, Ahmad Hassan bin Ahmad (born in Singapore; December 31, 1887 CE – died in Surabaya, November 10, 1958 CE), a descant of Tamil father (Ahmad) and a Javanese Tamil mother (Muznah; she was born in Surabaya but her family originally was from Palekat in Madras), joined in the discussions at PERSIS. Hassan was smart and mastered Islamic Sciences and General knowledge at large as well as fluent in Arabic, English, Malay and Tamil language. He obtained religious education in Singapore and Johor, and enjoyed writing articles on Utusan Melayu newspaper published in Singapore.

In terms of naming, PERSIS from the beginning was liberal. At the time, it was uncommon for an Islamic organization to be named with Non-Arabic name. The abbreviated name of Persatuan Islam "PERSIS", which means Persian in Latin, was regarded as a westernized word influenced by the Dutch colonialism. Moreover, sanctity and identification of Islam with Arabic was very strong among Muslims at the time. This means that they were ready to accept the risk and to maintain the establishment and the confidence they had over the use of the Latin name, unlike prior organizations such as Jamiat Kheir, Muhammadiyah, and al-Irshad that all use Arabic names.

PERSIS transforms into a bolder and more extreme organization than the Muhammadiyah and al-Irshad in opposing heresy, myth and superstition that are considered Islamic. It also harshly criticizes Ba 'Alawi sada's adherence to taqlid and rejection of ijtihad, visitations of tombs (ziyarat) and consequent approval of saint worship, Kafa'ah between Sayyid women and non-Sayyid men, and the belief about elevated status of Arab Indonesians in the Indonesian Muslim community.

PERSIS publicity was gained mainly through printed media, with its first published magazine Pembela Islam published in October 1929 in Bandung. The publication lasted until 1933 and managed to publish 72 numbers with a circulation of 2,000 copies, spreading all over the country and even to Malaysia and Thailand.

In November 1931, PERSIS published a special magazine discussing issues of religion, without challenging the Non Muslim parties. The magazine was named al-Fatwa written in Jawi letters, resulting in more demand by the Muslims in Sumatra, Borneo and Malaysia. However, the publication of this magazine only lasted until October 1933 with 20 issues  and 1000 copies. In 1935 The al-Fatwa was replaced with a new magazine called al-Lisaan that lasted in June 1942 with 65 as its last issue number. During the life of the al-Lisaan magazine, A. Hassan moved to Bangil, so issue number 47 (published in May 1940) to issue number 65 were published in Bangil, Pasuruan, East Java.  Besides running the publishing house, A. Hassan also built a PERSIS boarding school in Bangil.

Notable members
Muhammad Isa Anshary, politikus dan pejuang Indonesia.

Mohammad Natsir, mantan Perdana Menteri Indonesia

Ahmad Hassan, teman debat Soekarno ketika di Bandung

Haji Zamzam, pendiri Persis

H. Eman Sar'an Ketua Dewan Hisbah 1990 - 2005

Achyar Syuhada, ulama terkemuka Persis

Mohammad Yunus, ulama Persis

K.H. E. Abdurrahman, pemimpin Persis tahun 1962-1983

K.H A. Latif Muchtar Ketua Umum Persis 1990 - 1997

KH. Shiddiq Amien, Mba Mantan Ketua Umum persis 1997 - 2010

K.H.Ikin Shadikin, Ulama terkemuka Persis Ketua Majlis Penasihat Persis 2000 - 2011

K.H. Usman Sholehudin, Ketua Dewan Hisbath

K.H Prof Maman Abdurrahman, MA Ketua Umum 2010-2015

K.H. Aceng Zakaria Ketua Umum 2015 - 2020

K.H. M. Romli Ketua Dewan Hisbah 2015 - 2020

K.H. Entang Muchtar ZA Ulama Persis

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Islam

See also
 Jamiat Kheir
 Muhammadiyah
 al-Irsyad
 Ahmad Surkati

References

Islamic organizations established in 1923
Indonesian National Awakening
Islamic organizations based in Indonesia


title: Key checksum value

text:
In cryptography, a Key Checksum Value (KCV) is the checksum of a cryptographic key. It is used to validate the key integrity or compare keys without knowing their actual values. The KCV is computed by encrypting a block of bytes, each with value '00' or '01', with the cryptographic key and retaining the first 6 hexadecimal characters of the encrypted result. It is used in key management in different ciphering devices, like SIM-cards or Hardware Security Modules (HSM).

In the GlobalPlatform technical specifications the KCV is defined for DES/3DES and AES keys as follows:

The same definition is used by the GSMA.

KCV for symmetric key management in retail financial services
The payments cards industry uses the following definition, as documented in requirement 15-1 of PCI PIN Security standard. The same definitions can also be found in the ASC X9 standards under ANSI x9.24-1-2017 Retail Financial Services Symmetric Key Management Part 1Check values may be computed by two methods. TDEA may use either method. AES must only use the CMAC method. In the first method, check values are computed by encrypting an all binary zeros block using the key or component as the encryption key, using the leftmost n-bits of the result; where n is at most 24 bits (6 hexadecimal digits/3 bytes). In the second method the KCV is calculated by MACing an all binary zeros block using the CMAC algorithm as specified in ISO 9797-1 (see also NIST SP 800-38B). The check value will be the leftmost n-bits of the result, where n is at most 40 bits (10 hexadecimal digits). The block cipher used in the CMAC function is the same as the block cipher of the key itself. A TDEA key or a component of a TDEA key will be MACed using the TDEA block cipher, while a 128-bit AES key or component will be MACed using the AES-128 block cipher.

References

Key management


title: 1644 in Spain

text:
Incumbents
King: Philip IV

Events
May 26 - Portuguese Restoration War: Battle of Montijo

References

1640s in Spain


title: Dirichletia

text:
Dirichletia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found northeastern tropical Africa to Namibia.

Species
Dirichletia glaucescens Hiern - Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania
Dirichletia obovata Balf.f. - Socotra
Dirichletia pubescens Klotzsch - Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia
Dirichletia somaliensis (Puff) Kårehed & B.Bremer - northeastern Somalia
Dirichletia virgata (Balf.f.) Kårehed & B.Bremer - Socotra

References

External links
Dirichletia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae genera
Knoxieae
Flora of Africa


title: Élton (footballer, born 1989)

text:
Élton Constantino da Silva (born 20 July 1989), simply known as Élton is a Brazilian professional footballer playing as a midfielder for Romanian Liga III club Corvinul Hunedoara.

Club career
Élton started his career with Botafogo-SP in 2008. Two years later, he joined Audax. After 14 appearances for the club, he switched to Taubaté in 2011 and played there until 2012. In 2013, he switched clubs, being transferred to  Pandurii Târgu-Jiu in Romania, where his twin brother Erico was playing. The following year, he was close to a move to CFR Cluj but eventually remained at Pandurii. In 2016, he joined Lithuanian side Žalgiris Vilnius.

Honours
Žalgiris Vilnius
Lithuanian Cup: 2015–16
Lithuanian Super Cup: 2016
Ferroviária
Copa Paulista: 2017

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian men's footballers
Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube players
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) players
Esporte Clube Taubaté players
CS Pandurii Târgu Jiu players
FK Žalgiris players
FC Voluntari players
Associação Ferroviária de Esportes players
Esporte Clube São Bento players
CS Corvinul Hunedoara players
Liga I players
Liga III players
A Lyga players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Lithuania
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Lithuania
People from Juazeiro
Footballers from Bahia


title: 1724 in Spain

text:
Events in the year 1724 in Spain.

Incumbents
King: Philip V until  his abdication on January 15, Louis I until his death on August 31, and Philip V again.

Deaths
August 31 - Louis I of Spain (b. 1707)

References

1720s in Spain


title: Taltarum's Case

text:
Taltarum's Case is the name given to an English legal case heard in the Court of Common Pleas, with decisions being handed down in 1465 and 1472. The case was long thought to have established the operation of the common recovery, a collusive legal procedure that was, until finally abolished in 1833, an important element of English law of real property. By means of a complex legal fiction, a recovery converted a freehold or copyhold property held in fee tail, which could not be freely sold or disposed of, into an estate in fee simple, which could be disposed without restriction.

Although the principles of the common recovery had existed before 1472, the extensive discussion of these principles by the judges in Taltarum's Case meant that in succeeding centuries the common recovery's procedures, and even the names of some of the fictitious individuals involved in them, were modelled on the case.

Although traditionally known as Taltarum's Case, this name was in fact a misspelling: it was originally entered in the Plea Rolls as "Talcarn's Case". The name of the individual referred to, one Thomas Talcarn of Godcote in Cornwall, was spelt Talcarn, Talcarum, or Talkarum, in the original documents, though never in the form "Taltarum" under which the case became famous. The case would be referred to as Hunt v Smyth if modern naming conventions were followed.

Principle of barring the entail

Entails had been established by the Statute of Westminster 1285. The statute included a clause known by the title De donis conditionalibus ("concerning conditional gifts"), which enacted that in grants of land to a man and the heirs of his body, the will of the donor as expressed in the grant should be strictly followed. Prior to this time, judges had held that if an estate was granted to a man and the heirs of his body, and heirs were subsequently born, he had title to the land in fee simple and could do as he wished with it, including selling it, even if this was contrary to the original donor's intent. The effect of De donis, however, meant that if an estate was granted to a man and the heirs of his body, he could not dispose of it any other way; it had to pass to his heirs. Furthermore, if the heirs died out, the donor could claim the land back: this right was known as the "reversion". Such an estate was said to be in "fee tail", derived from the French tailler, to cut, as the inheritance was cut down and confined to the heirs of the body.

While the statute had originally been intended to strengthen the feudal system by preventing land passing out of a family's ownership, in the following centuries, landowners became increasingly frustrated with the restrictions imposed by entails. The common recovery, the outline of which had probably been established in the mid fourteenth century, was developed to circumvent these restrictions. Its underlying principle was that an entail could be broken if the issue (i.e. the persons who would otherwise have received the land under the entail) were compensated. The compensation was, however, a fictitious one, created only for the purpose of breaking the entail.The process worked as follows:

The owner (in tail) of the land, A, wished to convert it from fee tail to fee simple. Accordingly, he conveyed it to someone else B (known as the tenant in praecipe, usually a lawyer acting for the owner) to the intent that a third person C (known as the demandant, and usually an estate trustee or the purchaser, if the land was being sold) might sue for it. C accordingly issued a writ against B, saying he had been unjustly dispossessed of the land by a (fictitious) individual usually named as "Hugh Hunt".

In court, B defended his right saying (correctly) that he had acquired it from A. A (now called the vouchee) was called upon to vouch for his right to the land. He alleged that he had acquired it from D (a person known as the common vouchee, and whose part was usually played by the court crier). D asked for time and failed to appear subsequently; alternatively, he dashed out of the court. In either case, the judgment was that C should recover the land, and that D should compensate B with land of equal value. However, D was chosen because he was a man of straw with no property at all, so that the judgment against him was valueless, and it was never enforced. The result was thus that C recovered the land in fee simple, which A had owned in only fee tail. Being held in fee simple, the land could now be freely sold or transferred or a new settlement made, thus defeating De donis conditionalibus.

The exact principle by which the entail was barred was merely inferred from the judges' reasoning in Taltarum's Case, rather than being an explicit part of their judgment. The four judges had been considering what effect a recovery would have when multiple entails existed: would it bar all entails, or only that of which the defendant was seised at the time? The conclusion they drew was that it would only bar the entail under which the defendant was then in possession. Based on this reasoning, lawyers had developed the device of the "double voucher": if the owner in tail conveyed the land to someone else, the "tenant in praecipe", at the start of the procedure, and the demandant then sued the tenant in praecipe rather than simply suing the owner directly, the recovery would not only bar the land passing to the owner's heirs, it would also extinguish any other entails, in addition to the claim of the original donor in the event the heirs died out. Solomon Atkinson, in The Theory and Practice of Conveyancing (1839), stated the facts (as then understood) thus:

History of the case

Legal authorities' comments on Taltarum's Case had been based on two slightly contradictory reports written in the Year Book, rather than on the original records. The true history of the case was eventually researched by Frederic William Maitland, who located it on the De Banco Roll for Mich. 12 Edward IV, m.631 (1472). He noted that it concerned a messuage and 100 acres of land in Portreath, Cornwall. Maitland continued:

Maitland noted that at the time the report, characterised by a "rambling obscurity", was written up in the Year Book, the judgment did not actually seem to have been given, and could not locate the eventual record of judgment in the case itself. Puzzled by the "hypothetical state of facts" about which the four judges - including Chief Justice Bryan and Justice Littleton - in the forcible entry case had been arguing, Maitland determined:

More recent research has shown that the background of Taltarum's Case was as follows. A man called Thomas Trevistarn granted land in Portreath to one William Smyth in fee tail. On William Smyth's death, his eldest son and heir Humphrey took possession of the land under the entail. Humphrey Smyth then conveyed part of the land to a man called John Tregoz, probably as part of a marriage settlement, and Tregoz accordingly reconveyed it back entailed on Humphrey and his wife Jane, with remainder to Humphrey's heirs. Humphrey's wife died childless, and he suffered a recovery of the land to another man, Thomas Talcarn (the person whose name was afterwards misspelt "Taltarum"). At this point, Humphrey probably believed that the recovery, in accordance with usual practice, would bar both existing entails. Talcarn, in turn, conveyed it to Henry Hunt - probably without even taking possession. However, on Humphrey Smyth's death, John Smyth, the son and heir of Humphrey's younger brother Robert, claimed possession of the land under the original entail, evicting Hunt. The case itself was concerned with Hunt's action on forcible entry against John Smyth. Hunt would be able to get a favourable judgment if he, and his lawyer John Catesby, could demonstrate that the recovery to Talcarn had destroyed the operation of the entail originally created by Trevistarn.

It also appears that a counter-action by Smyth - represented by Guy Fairfax - against Hunt, for writ of formedon in the descender, was going on at the same time as the forcible entry action by Hunt against Smyth, and that elements of the pleadings in the descender action became included with the report of the forcible entry action. This might explain the confusing and obscure nature of the reports. Smyth's success hinged on the argument that, at the time his uncle had suffered a recovery of the land to Talcarn, he was only in possession of the land under the later Tregoz entail to him and Jane, rather than the original Trevistarn entail: proving this would mean that John Smyth could still claim the land under the original entail.

The real significance of the case in later centuries lay in the principle that was extracted from the judges' arguments about how the common recovery worked, though many commentators got the details (and name) of the case itself wrong, having never seen the Plea Roll. Most authorities simply followed Sir Edward Coke, who stated that the common recovery began with "Taltarum's Case". It is now clear, however, that as a legal device, the common recovery predated 1472, possibly first appearing in the 1440s: Taltarum's Case added little beyond introducing, through the judges' deliberations, the device of the "double voucher", though this did not become part of the common recovery until the mid 16th century. Nevertheless it seems likely that the example of Taltarum's Case served to popularise the procedure, as the annual number of recoveries was far greater in the decade after 1472 than in the previous decade.

References

Court of Common Pleas (England) cases
1470s in law
15th century in case law
English land case law
1472 in England


title: Tonight (We Live Forever)

text:
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" is a song by English boy band Union J. It was released through Epic Records on 15 August 2014 as the lead single from their second studio album You Got It All – The Album (2014). It was written by Rick Parkhouse, George Tizzard, Josh Wilkinson and Roy Stride, and produced by Red Triangle and Simon Katz.

The song debuted at number 9 in the United Kingdom, becoming the band's third top 10 hit.

Background
In April 2014, Union J left RCA Records and signed with Epic Records.

The single's promotional artwork was revealed by the band via Twitter on 16 June 2014. Speaking to Capital FM on 19 June 2014, Union J said, "This track sums up what Union J are about in terms of our sound and it also reflects who we are together - a group of friends having the time of our lives. It's a happy song that lifts our mood whenever we hear it." The actual artwork was revealed on 18 July.

Critical reception
4Music called the song a "big new anthem". Paul Leake of clickmusic.com gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars and commended the band for "finally [getting] some energy behind them". In a negative review, Amy Davidson of Digital Spy stated that Union J were "playing it safe" and awarded the song two stars.

Music video
A lyric video was filmed in Los Angeles and was uploaded to YouTube on 19 June 2014. It consists entirely of numerous Snapchat clips that last no more than five seconds each.

The official music video was directed by Director X. It was uploaded on 23 July 2014. The video features Union J hosting a party in a flat.

Live performances
Union J performed "Tonight" live for the first time at the Capital Summertime Ball on 21 June 2014. They also performed the track live during the Blinkbox Music UK Live concerts during June and July, performing live at Sunderland, Ipswich and Weston-super-Mare.

Chart performance
The single charted at #9 in the UK Singles Chart on the week of August 30. In its second week on the chart, it fell to #74, before leaving the chart the following week.

Track listings
Digital download
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" – 3:20

CD single
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" – 3:20
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" (Karaoke Version) – 3:20

Digital remixes
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" (Cahill Radio Edit)
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" (Cahill Remix)

Digital download
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" (George & Jaymi Re-Fix)

Digital download
"Tonight (We Live Forever)" (Josh & JJ Re-Fix)

Charts

Release history

References

2014 singles
2014 songs
Union J songs
Syco Music singles
Epic Records singles
Music videos directed by Director X
Songs written by Rick Parkhouse
Songs written by George Tizzard
Songs written by Roy Stride
Songs written by Josh Wilkinson
Song recordings produced by Red Triangle (production team)


title: Karl Salb

text:
Karl Salb (born May 19, 1949) is a retired American shot putter.  Competing for the University of Kansas he won six successive NCAA Championships, three each Indoors and Outdoors.  No other athlete has won more than four.  Additionally, he finished fourth at the Olympic Trials in 1968 and sixth in 1972.

He was also the 1971  United States champion.

In an era when there was no money to be made in amateur track and field, Salb was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the 14th round of the 1972 NFL Draft.  The married "Gentle Giant" chose not to pursue the sport and remain an amateur.

While competing for Crossett High School in 1967, Salb set the National High School Record for the shot put at 69' 7"

References

External links

American male shot putters
Kansas Jayhawks men's track and field athletes
1949 births
Living people
People from Crossett, Arkansas
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1971 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1971 Pan American Games


title: 227 series

text:
The  is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) for use on suburban services in the Hiroshima and Okayama area of Japan since 14 March 2015, with plans for additional sets in the Kinki Region beginning in 2019.

Design
The trains have unpainted stainless steel bodies, with an exterior livery featuring red highlights. Each motored car has one motored bogie. The first batch of trains will be branded "Red Wing", with logos applied to the body sides and to the prominent anti-fall plates on the front ends, which inspired the name.

Sets being ordered for 2022 will feature the colour pink which is associated with cherry blossoms as well as the softer climate experienced along the lines in which these trainsets will be running.

Operations
The 227 series trains were delivered from autumn 2014 for test running and driver training before entering revenue service initially on the Sanyo Main Line between  and , replacing ageing JNR-era 115 series EMUs. The trains will also displace 115 series EMUs on the Kure Line and Kabe Line, with the entire fleet of 276 vehicles (106 sets) scheduled to be delivered by the end of fiscal 2018. Additional sets are being ordered for the San'yō Main Line in Okayama as of 2022.

Formations
The 227 series fleet on order consists of 42 two-car and 64 three-car sets, allowing formations of up to eight cars to be formed in service.

Hiroshima Area sets

3-car sets
The three-car sets are numbered A01 onward, and are formed as shown below with all three cars motored (one motored bogie per car).

 The seating capacity figures above include 12 flip-down seats in the end cars and 16 in the intermediate cars.
 The KuMoHa 227 car is fitted with a WPS28E single-arm pantograph.
 The KuMoHa 226 car has a universal access toilet.

2-car sets

The two-car sets are numbered S01 onward, and are formed as shown below with both cars motored (one motored bogie per car).

 The seating capacity figures above include 12 flip-down seats in each car.
 The KuMoHa 227 car is fitted with a WPS28E single-arm pantograph.
 The KuMoHa 226 car has a universal access toilet.

Wakayama Area sets

 The seating capacity figures above include longitudinal seats in each car.
 The KuMoHa 227 car is fitted with a WPS28E single-arm pantograph.
 The SD sets are equipped with a second de-icing pantograph.
 The KuMoHa 226 car has a universal access toilet.

Interior
The passenger saloons use LED lighting, and the trains are equipped with universal access toilets and wheelchair spaces. They are also equipped with LED passenger information displays.

227-0 series
Passenger accommodation consists of transverse seating with flip-over seat backs, and longitudinal bench seating at the ends of cars. Flip-down seats are also provided next to the doorways.

227-1000 series
Passenger accommodation consists of longitudinal bench seating throughout. As the 227-1000 series trains support  operation, doorways are equipped with ticket machines.

History
The first three-car set, numbered A03, was delivered to Hiroshima Depot in September 2014 from the Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company factory in Kobe. Sets A01 and A02 were delivered to Hiroshima Depot from Kinki Sharyo in October 2014. The first two car set, numbered S01, was delivered from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in January 2015 together with three-car set A06.

In March 2018, JR West announced, that starting in Spring 2019, it planned to introduce a new version of 227 series trains to Sakurai and Wakayama Lines, as well as part of Kisei Main Line. The planned 56-car fleet (28 sets of 2-car units) would displace all 105 series and 117 series trains on the two lines by Spring 2020. Once the order is complete, the trains would have smart card readers on board, expanding ICOCA acceptance to all JR West service in Nara prefecture and on Wakayama Line.

In January 2022, it was announced that the 227-0 series would undergo a trial for platform-side cameras. The cameras would be activated on the right side of the train relative to the direction of driving.

JR West announced plans to build 101 new cars in 2-car and 3-car formations in May 2022. The trainsets are set to be used on rail lines serving Okayama and Bingo such as the San'yō Line and are scheduled for a 2023 entry into service. Designated as 227-500 series, the first three sets were delivered from Kinki Sharyo in February 2023. The series was given the brand name  owing to a naming contest run by JR West. 13 two-car sets and 25 three-car sets will be manufactured in total. The first of these sets entered revenue service on 22 July 2023 on the Sanyo Line and the Hakubi Line.

Build details

227-0 series

3-car sets

2-car sets

227-500 series

227-1000 series

References

External links

 JR-West press release (19 June 2014)
 JR West press release (Okayama sets) (in Japanese)

Electric multiple units of Japan
West Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 2015
Kawasaki multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan


title: 1823 in Spain

text:
Events in the year 1823 in Spain.

Incumbents
King: Ferdinand VII
Prime Minister: Víctor Damián Sáez (starting 19 November)

Events
January 23 - secret treaty signed at Verona, Italy, allowing French intervention in Spain to restore Ferdinand VII to absolute rule
January 28 - King Louis XVIII of France announces creation of the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
February - French legislature, controlled by Ultra-Royalists vote to support the intervention
April 6 - French cross the river Bidasoa on the Franco-Spanish border
April 7 - French troops enter Spain  mostly unopposed
May 24 - French Troops take Madrid
August 31 - Spanish liberal revolutionaries suffer a major defeat against the French at the Battle of Trocadero
September 23 - Cadiz falls to the French, ending the liberal revolution and restoring Ferdinand VII to the throne

Births

Deaths

 November 7 - Rafael del Riego, liberal politician, general and revolutionary; executed by Ferdinand VII for leading the liberal revolution against him (b. 1784)

References

1820s in Spain


title: Carmen Dalli

text:
Carmen Dalli (born 1959) is a New Zealand education academic specialising in early childhood education.

Dalli has a BA (Hons) from the University of Malta, a MEd from the University of Bristol and a PhD from Victoria University of Wellington She is currently a professor in the School of Education at Victoria University of Wellington.

Professor Dalli is chair of an independent ministerial advisory group set up to advise the Government of New Zealand on the development of its 10 Year Early Learning Strategic Plan.

Dalli is honorary consul for Malta in Wellington.

References

External links
 google scholar
 linked-in
 institutional homepage

1959 births
New Zealand educational theorists
New Zealand women academics
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
University of Malta alumni
Honorary consuls
Living people
Early childhood education in New Zealand


title: Basiliskianos

text:
Basiliskianos (), also Basiliskos () or Basilikinos (), was a Byzantine courtier and companion of emperor Michael III.

Very little is known about his origin and early life. John Skylitzes and Theophanes Continuatus (as well as Zonaras, who follows them) report that he was originally a simple rower in one of the emperor's personal ships, but this may well be later fabrication to disparage him. Theophanes Constinuatus also reports that he was the brother of Constantine Kapnogenes, who later became Eparch of the City.

By 866, Basiliskianos had risen to the rank of , and was serving in the imperial household (), being one of Emperor Michael III's close companions. On 1 September of that year, after a chariot race at the palace of Saint Mamas (in modern Beşiktaş), Basiliskianos congratulated the emperor so fulsomely on his victory that, according to the chroniclers, the delighted Michael ordered him to take from his own feet the red imperial boots () and put them on himself. This provoked the displeasure of Michael's co-emperor Basil the Macedonian, a man of humble origin who had risen to power through his own close relationship with Michael. Michael, seeing Basil's disapproval, became angry, and threatened to make Basiliskianos co-emperor in Basil's place.

The rift between Michael and his erstwhile protégé widened thereafter, and on 24 September 867, when Michael retired drunk to his quarters at Saint Mamas, Basil and eight of his supporters moved to kill the emperor. The  Rendakios, who normally slept before the emperor's bedroom, was absent, and Basiliskianos took his place on that night. When Basil and his co-conspirators barged into the bedchamber, Basiliskianos tried to oppose them but was wounded and thrown aside. After the conspirators killed Michael, they rowed down the Bosporus back to Constantinople, where Basil was hastily crowned sole emperor, inaugurating the Macedonian dynasty. Nothing further is known of Basiliskianos after that.

References

Sources

9th-century Byzantine people
Patricii