title: Helen Gleeson

text:
Helen Frances Gleeson OBE FInstP is a British physicist who specialises in soft matter and liquid crystals. She is  Cavendish Professor and former Head of the School of Physics at the University of Leeds.

Education and early career
Gleeson grew up in the North of England and attended a secondary school in Keighley. She studied A-Levels in Maths, Further Maths, Physics and Chemistry. She graduated from the University of Manchester in 1983 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics and Physics. She went on to study for a PhD which she was awarded in 1986 for investigations of the optical and electro-optical properties of chiral mesophases. She remained at Manchester, working as a senior scientist in the Wolfson Liquid Crystal industrially funded research centre. She was made a university lecturer in 1989.

Research
Gleeson's research investigates self-assembling and self-ordering materials, especially chiral liquid crystals. At the University of Manchester, Gleeson was made Associate Dean for Research in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences in 2004. Between 2008 and 2010 she served as Head of the School of Physics and Astronomy. She has served as the Chairman of the British Liquid Crystal Society. It was announced that Glesson would move to the University of Leeds as Head of School and Cavendish Chair of Physics in late 2014. The position has been occupied by several eminent physicists, including William Henry Bragg. She joined the University of Leeds in January 2015, but maintains a position at the University of Manchester as a visiting scientist. She is interested in novel experimental techniques to characterise liquid crystals, and in 2016 contributed a chapter on Raman spectroscopy to the book Liquid Crystals with Nano and Microparticles.

Her work concentrates on the experimental study of liquid crystals; in particular those with reduced symmetry. She looks to use liquid crystals for photonics. She holds several patents, including one for switchable contact lenses where the application of a voltage can change the refractive index of a liquid crystal. This can moderate the focus of the lenses, the same as changing putting on reading glasses. She has also invented liquid crystalline temperature recorders, where the liquid crystal contains a reactive monomer and an initiator that can crosslink. Working with Andre Geim, Gleeson produced the first graphene liquid crystal device. The devices contained transparent graphene electrodes, and had an exceptionally high contrast ratio. Gleeson went on to use graphene in the switchable liquid crystalline contact lenses. In 2015, Gleeson and her PhD student Devesh Mistry were awarded a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 industry fellowship to work with UltraVision on novel contact lenses that incorporate liquid crystals into intraocular lenses, particularly for people suffering from presbyopia.

In 2017 she launched a five-year £1 million partnership with Merck Group to investigate liquid crystals in optical innovations. In 2018 Gleeson and Mistry demonstrated a negative order parameter in a liquid crystal elastomer. This work marked a breakthrough for the auxetic liquid crystal community; offering the first synthetic molecular auxetic polymer. Her current research includes liquid crystals for laser protection and biosensing. She looks to develop a flexible and cheap strip that acts like a Liquid crystal thermometer, but instead of monitoring changes in temperature changes colour when it detects a bacterial toxin or biomarker.

Throughout her career, Gleeson has been involved in several initiatives to improve gender balance in physics. She is involved with the Women's Engineering Society. She was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 2009, in recognition of her outreach efforts, and in particular her work to increase the number of girls studying physics. She has served as chair of the Institute of Physics JUNO assessment panel.

Select publications

Awards and honours

 2018 Times Higher Education Outstanding Research Supervisor of the Year award
 2013 British Liquid Crystal Society Gray Medal
 2012 Société Française de Physique and Institute of Physics Holweck Medal and Prize
 2009 Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Birthday Honours, "for services to science"
 2006 British Liquid Crystal Society Hilsum Medal

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academics of the University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Leeds
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
British physicists
British women physicists


title: Nigerian refugees

text:
Nigerian refugees are persons originating from the country of Nigeria, but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. Nigeria has a refugee crisis which has extended for almost a decade, mainly due to the insurgency in Northern Nigeria by the Boko Haram.

The number of internally displaced that have arisen from insecurity and insurgency in Northern Nigeria is perhaps one of the highest in the world.

Nigerian refugees in Niger
Refugees from Nigeria fleeing violence from Boko Haram are living with local populations in the Diffa Region, Niger. As of June 11, 2014, "The International Rescue Committee (IRC) estimates that as many as 1,000 refugees a week are crossing the border into Niger's Diffa region. Four out of five are women and girls. The IRC estimates that if the violence continues in northern Nigeria, up to 100,000 refugees could be living in Diffa by the end of the year."

Nigerian refugees in Cameroon
As of October 30, 2013, IRIN reports:
"There are a large number of Nigerian refugees in Cameroon's Far North Region, The United Nations High Commission for Refugees on Tuesday. February 12, 2019 said it would relocate Nigerian refugees from Kousseri, a city in Far North Region, to a camp, where urgent shelter and sanitation construction were already underway. it was added that once screening was completed, the relocation would bring the total number of Nigerian refugees in Cameroon to nearly 66,000, of whom 41,571 refugees had already been verified by UNHCR.

Speaking at a briefing in Geneva, Adrian Edwards for the UNHCR said the relocation convoys from the border to Kousseri will begin Wednesday.the UNHCR would organize daily transfers of 2,000 refugees to the camp. At Minawao, the UNHCR would provide basic relief aid, like blankets, kitchen sets and soap. The camp is currently hosting 32,621 Nigerian refugees.

Many of the Nigerians who have fled into Cameroon prefer to stay with friends and family near the border areas.

The refugee population fleeing from Boko Haram are scattered in very inaccessible localities in the north of Cameroon, and many who refuse to be registered and stay in camps are still at the mercy of the [Boko Haram] sect, and are seen as threat to local security," said UNHCR's Hamon.

Authorities fear the lack of registration could ease Boko Haram infiltration into the country.

References

Foreign relations of Nigeria
Nigerian diaspora


title: Down All the Days (Till 1992)

text:
"Down All the Days (Till 1992)" is a song and single by the British rock group, The Kinks. It was released as the eighth track on the band's unsuccessful LP, UK Jive. The song was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies.

Release and Reception

"Down All the Days (Till 1992)" was first released as a single in Britain (but not America) on 25 September 1989. Backed with a live version of the band's 1964 smash hit "You Really Got Me", the single, like "The Road" before it, was unsuccessful, not charting in any locations. In October of that same year, the song was released on the album UK Jive, where it was the eighth track. In 1990, "Down All the Days (Till 1992)" was used as the B-side of its follow-up, "How Do I Get Close", in Britain. The song later appeared on the compilation album, Picture Book.

"Down All the Days (Till 1992)" was called a "ham-fisted anthem" by Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic.

References

The Kinks songs
1989 singles
Songs written by Ray Davies
Song recordings produced by Ray Davies
1989 songs
MCA Records singles


title: Joe Daley (musician)

text:
Joe Daley (July 30, 1918 – March 5, 1994) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, composer, and music teacher. Daley was part of the Chicago jazz scene for 40 years. Musicians who studied with Daley include Grammy winners David Sanborn and Paul Winter, Emmy winner James DiPasquale, Richard Corpolongo, Chuck Domanico, and John Klemmer.

In Detroit

Joseph Albert Daley was born July 30, 1918, in Salem, Ohio. He moved to Detroit, Michigan as a child. At age 18, Daley got his first saxophone. He started with an alto sax but soon gravitated to a tenor sax.

Daley was drawn to the jazz bands of Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Larry Clinton, Tommy Dorsey, and Artie Shaw, and his early models for playing were Coleman Hawkins, Georgie Auld, and Lester "Pres" Young. He studied with orchestral saxophonist Larry Teal and others, but wanting to expand beyond them into jazz, Daley was forced to become mostly self-taught.

In the late 1930s Daley played with small combos in Detroit and did some touring, including to New York. He appreciated that the New York and Detroit branches of the American Federation of Musicians were racially integrated (it would not be until 1974 that all locals would be so), which gave Daley the opportunity to experience a unique musical and cultural crossover, a rarity for the times.

When World War II began, he enlisted in the Army Air Corps and became a pilot. He played sax in the Air Corps Band. After his discharge, he moved to Chicago.

In Chicago

After the war when Bebop music emerged and Charlie "Bird" Parker came on the scene, Daley, like many jazz musicians, was impressed by Parker’s style, which took Daley in a more experimental direction musically. To expand his musicianship with a classical musical education, he earned a Bachelor's Degree in Music from Chicago Musical College (now part of Roosevelt University). He further pursued a Master's degree in Composition.

In 1950-51 Daley toured with Woody Herman in the Third Herd band with Urbie Green on trombone, Sonny Igoe on drums, and Red Mitchell on bass. He also performed about 30 uncredited sides for Pat Boone on Dot Records. Daley worked as a jobbing musician and as a music teacher at Chicago’s Rizzo School of Music.

As early as 1955, he was inspired by the work of Ornette Coleman to take up what became known as "free" jazz. Although not commercially viable at the time, he later focused on this style with his bands, The Joe Daley Trio and The Joe Daley Quorum.

The Joe Daley Trio formed in 1959 with percussionist Hal Russell and bassist Russell Thorne. In 1963 they played at the Newport Jazz Festival, and RCA Records later released The Joe Daley Trio At Newport ’63. At the Down Beat Jazz Festival in 1965, bassist Thorne had been replaced with Clyde Flowers. In 1972, The Joe Daley Quorum was formed with Richard Corpolongo on alto sax and piccolo, Bobby Lewis on trumpet, Bobby Roberts on electric bass (later Steve LaSpina), and Hal Russell (later Dan Martin) on percussion.

Daley played dates in many Chicago clubs and hotels of the era, including Mr. Kelly’s, The Lemon Tree, The Playboy Club, The Happy Medium, The Downbeat, The London House, The BackRoom, and The Jazz Showcase, among others. From 1971 to 1974 he had a society music job in the house band at the Mill Run Playhouse, a renowned dinner theatre outside Chicago. He played behind Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Sammy Davis Jr. and Ella Fitzgerald. In 1968 Daley performed a jazz composition in concert for The Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He occasionally played commercials and did some promotions for Selmer Instruments.

From 1978 to 1987, he played a regular weekly session at Chicago’s Orphan’s nightclub, with a rotating cast of local jazz players and some of Daley’s own students. He paid the rhythm section out of his own pocket when nights were slow.

Early in his career, Daley played a Selmer saxophone. By the 1950s he played a vintage 1920’s Conn "New Wonder" sax. In the 1970s and 1980s he played a King Super 20 sax, with a Berg Larsen 95/2 mouthpiece. Daley also doubled on clarinet, and in the 1960s he added flute to his instruments.

Teaching

Daley gave music lessons for 40 years. He trained saxophone students from the beginner level and up. For musicians who were already musically competent on saxophone or other instruments, including voice, he taught improvisation, composition, and how to expand their range. DePaul University’s School of Music invited Daley to teach jazz at the university. They accepted his requirement that students be sent to his home for lessons. Daley joined the faculty in 1984 and taught until he left Chicago in 1987. Notable students included: Richard Corpolongo, Steve Duke, Rich Fudoli, Kent Minor and Abshalom Ben Shlomo.

Recordings
The Joe Daley Trio at Newport, ’63, RCA Records LSP-2763, 1963
Sonic Blast, Joe Daley and Richard Corpolongo, CODA#2001, Chicago, 1983
Chicago Shouts, Dave Remington's Big Band (Author), et al., U-37596, Universal Records, 1968
Charlie Parker Memorial Concert, Cadet 2CA-60002, the Kenny Dorham Sextet, with Daley’s fiery contributions on 'Just Friends', North Park Hotel, Chicago, 1970
Jazz Inside Out, Guy Fricano, Forever Jazz Records, 1984
In The Forefront, Bobby Lewis, Daley composer on 2 tracks, reissue of 1977 LP, S-SSD 0079 UPC: 700797007922: Southport Records, Chicago, August 2000
The Joe Daley Quartet live at Orphan's, 1981, Eric Hochberg Bandcamp.com

Semi-regular players with Daley

Bill Harrison (bass)
Paul Wertico (percussion)
Bobby Lewis (trumpet)
Kelly Sill (bass)
Eric Hochberg (bass)
John Campbell (piano)
Larry Luchowski (piano)
Steve LaSpina (bass)
Joel Spencer (percussion)
Trumpters Cy Touff (trumpet) and Bobby Lewis' band Ears included a rotating cast drawn from the finest of Chicago’s jazz players that typically numbered around eight. Daley, Campbell, George Bean, Don Shelton, and a couple of guys from the Chicago Symphony were regulars.
Rusty Jones (drums)
Drummer Jerry Coleman’s band Nine Burner included Daley and Ron Kolber, baritone and alto sax.
Drummer Greg Sergo’s band Ellington Dynasty, dedicated to Duke Ellington’s small group writing, included Daley and Ron Kolber.

References

Further reading
The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz
Edited by Leonard Feather, Ira Gitler, Professor of Jazz History Manhattan School of Music, Lorraine Feather, Oxford University Press, 1999: biography, page 163

The Later Swing Era, 1942 to 1955
Lawrence McClellan, Greenwood Press, 2004: article, page 187

Free Jazz and Free Improvisation: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1
Todd S. Jenkins, Greenwood Press, 2004: article page 119

Adventures of an American Composer: An Autobiography
Edited by Neal Colgrass, Ulla Colgrass, Meredith Music Publications, 2010:  mention, page 43, Joe giving "the glare."

External links
Joe Daley Quorum: Tuesday, August 28, 1979 Chicago Jazz Festival 1979

Joe Daley, saxophonist, Final Bar (obituary): Down Beat, June 1, 1994, John Corbett

Internet Archives:

1918 births
1994 deaths
American jazz tenor saxophonists
American male saxophonists
People from Salem, Ohio
Musicians from Detroit
Chicago Musical College alumni
DePaul University faculty
20th-century American saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Michigan
Jazz musicians from Ohio
20th-century American male musicians
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
RCA Victor artists


title: Freedom movement

text:
Freedom movement may refer to:

Social movements
 Civil rights movement, in the United States
 Chicago Freedom Movement,  during the broader Civil Rights Movement
 Libertarianism, a political philosophy that seeks to maximize autonomy and political freedom
 Health freedom movement, opposing regulation of health practices
 Indian independence movement
 Pakistan Movement
 Goa liberation movement, in India

Organizations
 Bahrain Freedom Movement, an Islamic group based in London
 Fascism and Freedom Movement, in Italy
 Freedom Movement (New Zealand)
 Freedom Movement of Iran
 Freedom Movement (Slovenia)
 Isatabu Freedom Movement, in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
 Language Freedom Movement, in Ireland
 Lakota Freedom Movement, American Indian Movement
 National Socialist Freedom Movement, in Germany
 Palestinian Freedom Movement
 People's Freedom Movement (Jamaica)
 People's Freedom Movement (Serbia)
 Tavisupleba (political party), country of Georgia

See also


title: Distin Lake Shelter Cabin

text:
The Distin Lake Shelter Cabin is a historic backcountry shelter in the Admiralty Island National Monument.  It is located on the northwest shore of Distin Lake, on the Admiralty Island Canoe Route.  The cabin, originally a three-sided Adirondack log shelter, was constructed by a Civilian Conservation Corps crew in 1932.  In 1960, a fourth wall, wooden floor, and bunk beds were added to the structure.  There is a window, and the front door is one recycled from a theater; it is labeled "Balcony" on the inside.

The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.  In 2014, it was listed by the United States Forest Service as being in poor condition and unavailable for use.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska

References

1932 establishments in Alaska
Buildings and structures completed in 1932
Civilian Conservation Corps in Alaska
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Tongass National Forest
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska


title: International Hedgehog Registry

text:
The International Hedgehog Registry is a registry for the hedgehog. It records the pedigrees of animals that have been registered, and makes the information available to scientists.

History
The registry was established in 1997, and acquired by the International Hedgehog Association in 2002.. The UK have their own registry.

References

External links

Hedgehogs in popular culture
Breed registries
Organizations established in 1997


title: White Sabers Drum and Bugle Corps

text:
White Sabers Drum & Bugle Corps is an all-age competitive drum and bugle corps based in Gates, NY. Founded in 1928, the corps has a long history as a parade corps. White Sabers is a two-time DCA Class A World Champion (2013, 2014), a perennial DCA Open Class finalist - achieving 4th place in 2019. The Corps began competing in DCA's new World Class in 2022.

The corps was formerly known as the American Legion New York Post #87 Drum and Bugle Corps.

About
The Corps was founded in 1928 by the commander of the American Legion Post #87 in Dansville, New York (later renamed Daniel Goho, Inc. New York Post #87). In 1957, the corps gained independence from the American Legion post, and continued to perform as a concert and parade corps under the name Dansville White Sabers.

The corps competed at the Red Carpet Association Championship in 1977. Sometime later the corps became inactive.

After "fourteen years" of inactivity, an alumni reunion in 1994 revived interest in a Dansville-based corps. In 2004, the corps became active again, but did not compete.

In 2005, the White Sabers joined DCA as a Class A corps, and placed sixth against ten other competitors. The corps was a Class A finalist in 2006 and 2012, and Class A champions in 2013 and 2014. Kevin Gamin described the corps' 2014 performance as "strong enough to have made Open Class finals." White Sabers advanced to Open Class in 2015, and were finalists every year they were a part of Open Class. 2015 Executive Director Leslie Amico was awarded Open Class "Director of the Year."

In 2022, the Corps officially relocated from Dansville, NY to the Rochester suburb of Gates, NY. Also in 2022, DCA reclassified their competitive structure with the addition of a World Class—the White Sabers elected to compete in World Class, joining the Bushwackers, Reading Buccaneers, and Hawthorne Caballeros. Corps Director Ben Chaffee was awarded World Class "Director of the Year" in 2022. The corps reclassified to DCA Open Class for the 2023 season, finishing in 2nd by a narrow margin of 0.25 points while taking caption victories in Brass, Visual, and Guard, while Ben Chaffee was once again awarded "Director of the Year" this time in Open Class. After the 2023 DCA season, the White Sabers like other DCA corps became part of the new DCI All-Age class.

Show Summary (2004–present)
Source:

Gold indicates DCA Championship; blue background indicates DCA class finalist.

Traditions
Corps Song

The White Sabers corps song is "You'll Never Walk Alone" from Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel.

In The Stone

Another piece regularly performed by the White Sabers is Earth, Wind & Fire's hit single "In the Stone". Popularized in the drum corps community by the now defunct Bridgemen of Bayonne, NJ, the White Sabers perform this piece as part of their repertoire for many parades, encores, and standstill performances.

References

External links

Drum Corps Associates corps
Small Drum Corps Association corps
1928 establishments in New York (state)
Musical groups established in 1928


title: Moreshwar Save

text:
Moreshwar Save (1931 – 16 July 2015) was an Indian politician who was a leader of Shiv Sena and a member of the Lok Sabha elected from Aurangabad. He was member of the 9th and 10th Lok Sabha. He also served as mayor of Aurangabad in 1989–1990.

References

Shiv Sena politicians
1931 births
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra
2015 deaths
People from Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Politicians from Marathwada
Maharashtra municipal councillors
Mayors of places in Maharashtra
Marathi politicians


title: Seth Raynor

text:
Seth Jagger Raynor (May 7, 1874 – January 23, 1926) was an American golf course architect and engineer. He designed approximately 85 golf courses in about 13 years, his first in 1914, at age 40. His mentor was Charles Blair Macdonald, the creator of the National Golf Links of America, and a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

Raynor was also the mentor of Charles Banks who completed many of Raynor's unfinished works after he died. Banks went on to a solo design career, creating approximately 15 courses.

Biography
Raynor was born in Manorville, New York. He attended Princeton University, studying civil engineering, before leaving in 1898 without a degree. He married Araminta (known as Minta) Hallock in 1903, and for the first years of his working life, engineered drains, roads and waterworks in the area around Southampton, N.Y. where his family had relocated and where he would live for the rest of his life.

Golf course engineer, architect
In 1908, Raynor was hired to perform a boundary survey of the site for the new course National Golf Links of America, in Southampton Long Island, by Macdonald. When it opened, NGLA was considered the finest American golf course and remains one of the top design in the world. Macdonald was impressed with Raynor and the two forged a working relationship and Raynor overseeing the construction of every course designed by Macdonald from then on, including Piping Rock Club, St. Louis Country Club, and the Mid Ocean Club, approximately 15 in all. By 1914, Raynor was handling his first solo design projects, including the Country Club of Fairfield, in Connecticut, and Westhampton Country Club on Long Island, New York. Between 1914 and 1917, Raynor oversaw the construction of The Lido Golf Club, designed by Macdonald. This was one of the most difficult and expensive golf projects to that date.

Raynor, who rarely played golf, never became adept at the sport, reportedly not wanting to design around his own game.

All of Raynor's courses feature adaptations of some of what Macdonald considered the ideal golf in the British Isles and Europe, such as the Redan, Biarritz, Eden, Leven, Road and Maiden. Raynor, like Macdonald and later Charles Banks, fit the concept of the originals into the particular site, never seeking to duplicate them. Raynor never saw any of the originals in person. On every Raynor golf course, though, some of if not the finest holes to be found are ones Raynor created with basing them on ideal golf holes.

Several of Raynor's designs have hosted and continue to host significant events. His Waialae Country Club in Honolulu has hosted the PGA Tour's Sony Open since the 1960s, making it one of the longest-running host sites on the Tour. At The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, his Old White TPC Course hosted a PGA Tour event. The Country Club of Charleston hosted the 2019 U.S. Women's Open won by Lee Jeong-eun also known as Jeongeun Lee6.

Raynor died with his wife by his side from pneumonia in 1926, age 51, while in West Palm Beach, Florida, to open Paris Singer's private course, often mistaken for the Everglades Golf Club, which Singer founded and Raynor designed.

Notable golf courses
Augusta Country Club - Bon Air Hotel, Lake Course,(no longer in existence) Private, - Augusta, GA
Blue Mound Golf & Country Club - Private in Wauwatosa, WI
Chicago Golf Club—redesign of Charles Blair Macdonald's design with Macdonald's blessing - Private in Wheaton, IL
Essex County Country Club - Private in West Orange, NJ
Fishers Island Club - Private in Fishers Island, NY
The Greenbrier - Resort in White Sulphur Springs, WV
Greenbrier Course
Old White TPC Course
Hotchkiss School - Semi-Private in Lakeville, CT
Monterey Peninsula Country Club, Dunes Course - Private in Pebble Beach, CA
Morris County Golf Club, Private in Convent Station, NJ
Waialae Country Club - Private in Honolulu, HI
Yale University Golf Course - Private in New Haven, CT
Yeamans Hall Club - Private in Hanahan, SC

References

External links
 "Roseville golf course unearths renowned designer’s blueprints in time for renovation," by Joe Bissen, St. Paul (MN)Pioneer Press, April 29, 2018
 "The Top 10 Seth Raynor Courses"
Golfcoursearchitecture.net

1874 births
1926 deaths
American engineers
Golf course architects
Princeton University alumni
People from Long Island


title: Thiagus dos Santos

text:
Thiagus Petrus Gonçalves dos Santos (born 25 January 1989) is a Brazilian professional handball player for FC Barcelona and the Brazilian national team.

Achievements
EHF Champions League:
Winner: 2021, 2022
IHF Super Globe:
Winner: 2019
Liga ASOBAL:
Winner: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
Copa del Rey:
Winner: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
Copa ASOBAL:
Winner: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023
Supercopa ASOBAL:
Winner: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
Supercopa Ibérica:
Winner: 2022
Hungarian League:
Winner: 2018

Individual awards
2018 Pan American Men's Handball Championship: Best left back
2022 South and Central American Men's Handball Championship: MVP
EHF Excellence Awards: Best defender 2022/23

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Brazilian male handball players
Sportspeople from Juiz de Fora
Expatriate handball players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
SC Pick Szeged players
FC Barcelona Handbol players
Liga ASOBAL players
Handball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic handball players for Brazil
Handball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Handball players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Pan American Games medalists in handball
Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in handball
Competitors at the 2018 South American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
Handball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics


title: North Carolina Highway 149

text:
North Carolina Highway 149 (NC 149) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway provides direct access from US 64 to the Plymouth Pulp Mill.

Route description
NC 149 is a short  two-lane highway, connecting US 64 with the Domtar's Plymouth Pulp Mill, where they make Cellulose fiber and Fluff pulp.  A gate is located just past from where state maintenance ends.

History
NC 149 was established by 1987 as a new primary spur from US 64 to the Plymouth Pulp Mill, an upgrade of Ken Trowbridge Road (SR 1341).  It has remained unchanged since inception.

Junction list

References

External links

NCRoads.com: N.C. 149

149
Transportation in Washington County, North Carolina


title: Fidyah and kaffara

text:
Fidyah or fidya () and kaffara or kaffarah () are religious donations made in Islam when a fast (notably in Ramadan) is missed or broken. The donations can be of food, or money, and it is used to feed those in need. They are mentioned in the Qur'an. Some organizations have online fidyah and kaffara options.

Fidyah
Fidyah (also romanized as fidya) is a religious donation of money or food made to help those in need.

Fidyah is made for fasts missed out of necessity, where the person is unable to make up for the fast afterwards – for example, if someone cannot fast for the required number of days due to ill health, pregnancy or of extreme age (old or young). In Ramadan, the fidyah must be paid for each fast missed. If, however, one misses their fast due to being sick or on a journey, but will be healthy enough to make up for it, they should preferably make up for the fast at a later date, as prescribed in the Qur'an.

Kaffara
Kaffara (also romanized as kaffarah), is a religious donation of money or food made to help those in need.

Kaffara is made for fasts missed unnecessarily – for example, if someone misses or breaks a fast in the month of Ramadan without a valid reason. To make up for the broken fast, must free one slave and if unable to do so, they must fast continuously for 60 days. If they are unable to do that, they have to give a charitable compensation for the cost of an average meal for 60 poor people. In the UK, the 2021 kaffara rate is £5 per person, amounting to £300 for each intentionally broken fast.

Paying a kaffarah is also necessary in Islam for breaking a promise or an oath.

In the Qur'an
Fidyah and kaffara are mentioned in the Qur'an:

See also
K-P-R
Fasting in Islam

References

Ramadan
Fasting in Islam
Islamic culture
Islamic terminology


title: 2004 SASF season

text:
The 2004 South Australian Soccer Federation season was the 98th season of soccer in South Australia.

2004 SASF Premier League

The 2004 South Australian Premier League was the penultimate season of the SASF Premier League, the top-level domestic association football competition in South Australia. It was contested by 12 teams in a single 22-round league format, each team playing each of their opponents twice.

Finals

2004 SASF State League

The 2004 South Australian State League was the penultimate season of the SASF State League, as the second-highest domestic level association football competition in South Australia. It was contested by 12 teams in a single 22-round league format, each team playing each of their opponents twice.

Finals

See also
2004 SASF Premier League
2004 SASF State League
Football Federation South Australia
National Premier Leagues South Australia

References

2004 in Australian soccer
Football South Australia seasons


The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (), formerly the Swedish Data Protection Authority (), is a Swedish government agency, organized under the Ministry of Justice, tasked to protect the individual's privacy in the information society without unnecessarily preventing or complicating the use of new technology. The agency ensure legislation within this area is complied with and as such supervise different registers and carry out inspections of companies, organizations and other government agencies; led by the agency's own IT security specialists and legal advisors. The most important legislation is the Personal Data Act of 1998, the Debt Recovery Act of 1974 and the Credit Information Act of 1973. The agency also has an expert advisory role when the Government prepares new statutory provisions.

History

The Swedish Data Protection Authority was established in 1973, as a result of public concern about personal data and abuse of government power related to mass surveillance and the enactment of the world's first national data protection law: the Data Act.

On 1 January 2021, the agency was renamed to the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection.

International co-operation

The board is tasked to supervise the Schengen Information System, and is involved in a number of international groups that work on privacy and personal data issues; for instance EU's data protection group and the supervisory function of Europol's data system.

Organization

The agency is based in Stockholm and is led by Director-general Kristina Svahn Starrsjö. It has approximately 40 employees, the majority of whom are lawyers. The agency also has a call center that receive on average 200 calls and 60-70 e-mails per week, mostly relating to topical questions regarding protection of privacy.

See also

Ministry of Justice (Sweden)

References

See also
 Information privacy
 National data protection authorities

External links
The Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection official site (English)

Data protection authorities
Government agencies of Sweden
Government of Sweden
Privacy in Sweden


title: 99th Infantry Battalion (United States)

text:
The 99th Infantry Battalion (separate) was a battalion of Norwegian-speaking soldiers in the US Army. Created in July 1942 at Camp Ripley, Minnesota, the battalion originally consisted of 1,001 soldiers. The battalion was attached to the First Army; however, it was labeled "Separate" because it was not attached to a specific regiment.

Background

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the War Department considered how the military could use foreigners and bilingual, first-generation immigrants from German-occupied areas to assist the war effort. The initial assessment concluded that it would be "un-American" to train foreign troops on US soil, prompting the Norwegian government to refuse a request to recruit Norwegians in the United States for military training in Canada. After a time, however, the War Department decided to set up special units of US citizens from certain ethnic groups for operations in countries occupied by the Axis powers.

The following five battalions, established in 1942, were organized based on ethnic groups:

 1st Filipino Infantry Battalion: Filipino (the nucleus of later 1st and 2nd Filipino infantry regiments)
 99th Infantry Battalion (separate): Norwegian
 100th Infantry Battalion (separate): Japanese
 101st Infantry Battalion (separate): Austrian (dissolved in 1943 before active service)
 122nd Infantry Battalion (separate): Greek

A Polish unit was also proposed, but never created.

Personnel

In Norwegian historiography, the men of the 99th Infantry Battalion are often referred to as "Norwegian-Americans." This is only partially correct; the original intention was to transfer as many voluntary "Norwegian nationals" who had begun the immigration process (a condition of enlistment) to the unit from existing armies as could be acquired. In her book, The 99th Battalion, the Norwegian novelist Gerd Nyquist estimates that first-generation Norwegian immigrants may have constituted 50 percent of the original force – about 500 men. One of Nyquist's sources from the battalion said 40 percent of the battalion had been Norwegian citizens (around 400 soldiers). This figure was the result of an informal survey conducted by Nyquist; however, the survey was limited to 152 respondents. Based on information from a veteran of the battalion, Max Hermansen argues in his book D-dagen 1944 og norsk innsats that there were approximately 300 Norwegians in the battalion.

Training

In October, 1942, the battalion moved to Fort Snelling, Minnesota; and again in December, 1942, to Camp Hale in Colorado for training in winter warfare and alpine warfare. On September 5, 1943, the 99th Infantry Battalion was shipped out from New York to Scotland. In the UK, the battalion was stationed in Perham Down Camp in Wiltshire, between Salisbury and Andover. The training there was for infantry purposes as D-Day approached, and it became increasingly clear that the battalion would receive its baptism by fire in Operation Overlord.

OSS Norwegian Special Operations Group

During the stay at Camp Hale in 1943, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) asked for volunteers from the battalion. The OSS selected 80 enlisted men and twelve officers for what would become OSS Norwegian Special Operations Group (NORSOG). OSS special operations groups were the Americans' counterpart to Britain's Special Operations Executive. NORSOG was initially intended for action in Norway, but, by 1944, the group was instead used in operations behind German lines in France. In early 1945, NORSOG operated in Norway where they performed railway sabotage until the liberation (Operation Lapwing, also known as Operation Grouse).

In combat

The 99th Infantry Battalion landed on Omaha Beach on the evening of June 22, 1944, and then took part in the final battle for Cherbourg. As a "separate" battalion, it belonged to no regiment, but was attached to different formations as needed. From September, the battalion operated in Belgium. During Christmas 1944, the battalion was involved in the Battle of the Bulge.

The battalion participated in the following campaigns:

 Normandy: June 22, 1944 – July 24, 1944
 Northern France: June 25, 1944 – September 14, 1944
 Rhineland (Würzlen–Aachen): September 15, 1944 – December 16, 1944
 Ardennes–Alsace: December 17, 1944 – January 18, 1945
 Central Europe: April 4, 1945 – May 11, 1945

The 99th Infantry Battalion spent 101 days in combat. The casualties suffered were 52 killed in combat, 207 wounded and six missing in action. These 207 men were wounded multiple times, several five times, thus the 207 received 305 Purple Hearts.

The following individual decorations and medals were awarded to members of the 99th Infantry Battalion:

 15 Silver Stars
 20 Bronze Stars
 305 Purple Hearts
 763 Good Conduct Medals
 814 Combat Infantry badges

474th Regiment

On January 19, 1945, the 99th Infantry Battalion joined the 474th Infantry Regiment in Child-sur-Mer. The regiment was recently formed, partly to prepare for a possible invasion of Norway in the event of a partial German withdrawal from Norway. At this point, the German forces in Norway evacuated and burned Finnmark, and retreated behind the Lyngen Line. A scenario where the Germans had to retreat south of Dovre, making it possible to establish the Norwegian government in Trondheim, seemed likely.

On April 2, the regiment moved to Aachen, in Germany. The 99th Infantry Battalion's tasks consisted mainly of patrolling and the suppression of pockets of continued German resistance until May 11.

Between April 15–18, 1945, the 474th Infantry Regiment, including the 99th Infantry Battalion, was responsible for the transportation of Nazi treasures found the Merkers mine. The convoy, named "Task Force Hansen," transported 3,762 bags of currency, 8,307 gold bars, 3,326 bags of gold coins, and numerous bags of silver, platinum, jewelry and art treasures to a safe place in the Frankfurt area.

Post-War

The 99th Infantry Battalion was reactivated at Fort Rucker, Alabama on September 30, 1956, when the 351st Infantry Regiment was inactivated and the infantry force on post reduced to battalion strength. It remained active for only a short while, however, and on 24 March 1958 it was inactivated, with its personnel and equipment being reorganized as the 2d Battle Group, 31st Infantry when the Army adopted the Pentomic organizational concept. Like the 351st before it and the 31st that followed, the 99th was a unit organized for Aviation Center training support at Fort Rucker.

Literature
The unit is covered in various works, including:
 Gerd Nyquist: Bataljon 99 (1981) (Norwegian) / 99th Battalion (2014) (English)
 Howard R. Bergen: 99th Infantry Battalion US Army (1945).
 Sgt. John Kelly: Company 'D' United States Army (1945).
 Sharon Wells Wagner: Red Wells, An American Soldier in World War 2 (2006).
 Bruce H. Heimark: The OSS Norwegian Special Operations Group in World War II (1994).
 Knut Flovik Thoresen: Soldat på vestfronten, historien om Alf Dramstad (2010) (Norwegian).
 Robert A. Pisani: The Canal Drive, The 99th Infantry Battalion and the Liberation of Belgian Limburg, September 1944 (2012).
 Gerd Nyquist, 99th Battalion: The Long Way Home

References

Further reading

External links
"Minnesota National Guard Unit Histories"
 Official 99th Website includes various pages with information about training, service in the United States and England, service on the European continent and in Norway, Operation Rype, post-1945, uniforms and insignia, a roll of honor, newsletters, and further resources

Infantry battalions of the United States Army
Military units and formations established in 1942


title: Gombe Chimpanzee War

text:
The Gombe Chimpanzee War, also known as the Four-Year War, was a violent conflict between two communities of chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park in the Kigoma region of Tanzania between 1974 and 1978. The two groups were once unified in the Kasakela community. By 1974, researcher Jane Goodall noticed the community splintering. Over a span of eight months, a large party of chimpanzees separated themselves into the southern area of Kasakela and were renamed the Kahama community. The separatists consisted of six adult males, three adult females and their young. The Kasakela was left with eight adult males, twelve adult females and their young.

During the four-year conflict, all males of the Kahama community were killed, effectively disbanding the community. The victorious Kasakela then expanded into further territory but were later repelled by two other communities of chimpanzees.

Background

Prior to the four-year war, before it became a national park, Gombe Stream National Park was known as the Gombe Stream Research Centre. The park is located in the lower region of the Kakombe Valley, and is known for its primate research opportunities first taken advantage of by researcher Jane Goodall, who served as the director of the Gombe Stream Research Centre. The site itself is composed of steep slopes of open woodland, rising above stream valleys lush with riverine forest.

The chimpanzees roamed across these hills in territorial communities, which divided the chimpanzees into parties ranging from one to 40 members. The term Kasakela refers to one of three areas of research in the central valley with the Kasakela in the north, the Kakombe, and the Mkenke to the south. Evidence of territorialism was first documented once Goodall followed the chimpanzees in their feeding situations, noting their aggressive territorial behavior. Chimpanzee males would patrol their territories and occasionally raid into the areas of other communities. However, violence during these patrols usually occurred in the form of attacks on isolated females and infants; the male patrols would mostly avoid each other or, if they met in equal members, limit themselves to noisy shows of force instead of seeking battle. Accordingly, Goodall did not foresee the upcoming full-scale conflict between two communities in Gombe.

The conflict began to emerge during the end of the tenure of Kasakela's long-term alpha, Mike. At this point, there were 14 adult males in the Kasakela community, and six of them increasingly spent time in the community's southern territory. Goodall and her colleagues began to refer to this section as the "southern sub-group", while the much more numerous remainder of the Kasakela was termed the "northern sub-group". Over several months, the males of the two sub-groups reacted with increasing hostility toward each other. The northerners initially avoided the southerners' areas, whereas the southern males led by the brother duo Hugh and Charlie made forays into northern territory. The brothers were described as "fearless" by Goodall, and the northern males generally avoided confronting them. Despite the growing tensions, some peaceful contacts between the sub-groups were maintained by two older northern males, Mike and Rudolf, with a southern male, Goliath.

Two years after the sub-groups' emergence, the factions had developed into fully separate communities. The northern faction was now considered the Kasakela community, whereas the southern faction was termed the "Kahama community". At this point, the Kahama had given up the northernmost border areas of their range to the Kasakela, but the separatists still controlled an area where the Kasakela had previously "roamed at will". At this point, the two communities' patrols would make shows of force when encountering each other, though there was no open fighting. This situation continued for about a year. By 1974, the Kahama were still led by Hugh and Charlie, with the other males being Godi, De, Goliath, and the young Sniff. The Kasakela males included Satan, Sherry, Evered, Rodolf, Jomeo, Mike, Humphrey, and Figan, who had risen to alpha male.

War
First blood was drawn by the Kasakela community on January 7, 1974, when a party of six adult Kasakela males consisting of Humphrey, Figan, Jomeo, Sherry, Evered, and Rodolf ambushed the isolated Kahama male Godi while he was feeding on a tree. The Kasakela males were accompanied by one female, Gigi, who "charged back and forth around the melee". Despite Godi's attempt to flee, the attackers seized him, threw him on the ground and beat him until he stopped moving. Afterwards, the victorious chimpanzees celebrated boisterously, throwing and dragging branches with hoots and screams, and retreated. Once the Kasakela group had left, Godi stood up again, but probably died of his injuries soon after. This was the first time that any of the chimpanzees had been seen to deliberately attempt to kill a fellow male chimpanzee.

After Godi fell, the Kasakela ambushed and maimed De. In the attack on De, the female Gigi actually took part in combat alongside the Kasakela males. Just as in Godi's case, De was badly wounded in the assault and probably died soon after the clash. The third Kahama victim was the elderly Goliath. Throughout the leadup to the war and its initial stage, Goliath had been relatively friendly with the Kasakela neighbors when encounters occurred. However, his kindness was no longer reciprocated when a Kasakela patrol consisting of Figan, Faben, Humphrey, Satan, and Jomeo ambushed him. The researcher who observed this attack was shocked by the brutality and fury displayed by the Kasakela group, with Faben twisting Goliath's leg in a way as if he was trying to dismember it. The elderly chimpanzee probably died soon after the attack. Around this point, Hugh also vanished, with Goodall assuming that he too had been killed by the Kasakela. This left only three Kahama males: Charlie, Sniff, and Willy Wally, who was crippled from polio.

Charlie was the next victim. His death was not directly observed by the researchers, but fishermen reported hearing "sounds of fierce conflict"; three days later, his corpse was found with "terrible injuries" at the Kahama Stream. Next, the Kasakela chimpanzees attacked an elderly Kahama female, Madam Bee; she died of her wounds four days later. After Charlie's death, Willy Wally disappeared and was never found. The last remaining Kahama male, the young Sniff, survived for over a year. For some time it seemed as if he might escape into a new community or be welcomed back to the Kasakelas, but this did not occur. Sniff, too, fell to the Kasakela war band. Of the females from Kahama, one was killed, two went missing, and three were beaten and kidnapped by the Kasakela males. The Kasakela thus succeeded in taking over the Kahama's former territory, and spent the time after their victory moving through this area and feasting on its food sources. Temporarily, the community's territory increased from 12 to over .

Aftermath
These territorial gains were not permanent, however. With the Kahama gone, the Kasakela territory now butted up directly against the territory of another chimpanzee community, called the Kalande. Goodall reasoned that the Kahama had functioned as a "buffer", and the Kalande now began expanding northward into Kasakela areas. Cowed by the superior strength and numbers of the Kalande, as well as a few violent skirmishes along their border, the Kasakela quickly gave up much of their new territory. They also lost at least two males, Humphrey and Sherry; presumably the two were killed by Kalande. Furthermore, when the Kasakela group moved back northward, they were harassed by foragers belonging to the Mitumba chimpanzee community, who also outnumbered the Kasakela community. Beset from north and south, the Kasakela territory shrunk to  by 1981, an area barely able to feed the community's members.

In 1982, Kalande and Mitumba males invaded the Kasakela core area, and actually began to interact with each other. The Kasakela community's complete collapse was averted, however, as there was an unusual number of male young growing up in the community at the time. Though they were neither strong nor experienced enough to actually fight the Kalande and Mitumba, the Kasakela's young males could make noisy displays alongside the older males. This made it appear as if the Kasakela community was stronger than it actually was; this allowed the Kasakela to regain territory. Eventually, hostilities died down and the regular order of things was restored.

Effects on Goodall

Jane Goodall is known for her research on chimpanzees. The outbreak of the war shocked her, as she had previously considered chimpanzees to be, although similar to human beings, "rather 'nicer. Coupled with her 1975 observation of cannibalistic infanticide by a high-ranking female in the community, the Gombe war revealed the "dark side" of chimpanzee behavior. In her 1990 memoir Through a Window: My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe, she wrote:

Legacy
When Goodall reported on the events of the Gombe War, her account of a naturally occurring war between chimpanzees was not universally believed. At the time, scientific models of human and animal behavior virtually never overlapped. Some scientists accused her of excessive anthropomorphism; others suggested that her presence, and her practice of feeding the chimpanzees, had created violent conflict in a naturally peaceful society. However, later research using less intrusive methods confirmed that chimpanzee societies, in their natural state, indeed wage war. A 2018 study published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology concluded that the Gombe War was most likely a consequence of a power struggle between three high-ranking males, which was exacerbated by an unusual scarcity of fertile females.

See also
Killer ape theory, proposed by Raymond Dart in 1953
In literature, the chimpanzee war became the topic of a philosophical poem "The First Civil War in Gombe 1974-1978" by Katarzyna Zechenter, a Polish poet, where the speaking persona concludes: "Still, I don’t understand, were these chimps so human, or are we such animals?"

References

Bibliography

Further reading

1970s conflicts
1970s in Tanzania
Chimpanzees
Conflicts in Africa
Jane Goodall
Kigoma Region
Primate behavior
Primatology


title: Arthur Patrianova

text:
Arthur Malburg Patrianova (born 22 April 1993) is a Brazilian handball player who plays for the Brazil national team.

Honours
Benfica
Portuguese Super Cup: 2018

External links
 Patrianova at TheFinalBall.com

1993 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santa Catarina (state)
Brazilian male handball players
Expatriate handball players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriates in Slovenia
Brazilian expatriates in Portugal
S.L. Benfica handball players
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
South American Games medalists in handball
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
21st-century Brazilian people
People from Itajaí


title: LGBT culture in Philadelphia

text:
The development of LGBT culture in Philadelphia can be traced back to the early 20th century.  It exists in current times as a dynamic, diverse, and philanthropically active culture with establishments and events held to promote LGBT culture and rights in Philadelphia and beyond.

History

20th century
The Philadelphia LGBT community has roots as far back as the 1930s and 1940s. Early gay networks would meet privately at underground house parties and other private venues within Center City, West Philadelphia, and Germantown.  In tandem with the substantial post-WWII expansion of American suburbia, which resulted in white-collar families relocating to the suburbs in significant numbers, Center City had plentiful affordable housing and urban anonymity that allowed the LGBT culture to meet hidden from public view.

By the 1950s, a jazz, espresso, and beatnik culture was stirring things up around Rittenhouse Square and in coffee houses on Sansom Street, creating a niche for the city's gay community.

In the mid-20th century, conflicts between homosexual and heterosexual communities were common within Center City neighborhoods. Gays and lesbians were found commonly living around Rittenhouse Square and saw Rittenhouse Square Park as a safety zone for camaraderie. Gay men used the park as a place to find other men. Hippies and pre-Stonewall gays were also part of their own groups there.

In 1962, the LGBT culture developing in Philadelphia eventually inspired the first article published in America that recognized a city's gay community and political scene, which was titled "The Furtive Fraternity" and described political limitations the emerging gay community was confronting, was published in Philadelphia magazine.

Also in 1962, the Janus Society was founded in Philadelphia; it is notable as the publisher of Drum magazine, one of the earliest LGBT-interest publications in the United States and most widely circulated in the 1960s, and for its role in organizing many of the nation's earliest LGBT rights demonstrations. The Janus Society takes its name from the Roman two-faced God Janus of beginnings, endings, and doorways. The organization focused on a policy of militant respectability, a strategy demanding respect by showing the public LGBT individuals conforming to heteronormative standards of dress at protests.

Washington Square West, commercially called Midtown Village, is mainly referred to as the Gayborhood by locals.  Since the 1920s, this area has been a mecca for fashion and entertainment. During the 1960s, a transition from high-end stage performances and chorus lines into cheap adult entertainment took place. Musical bars on Camac and Quince Streets hosted gay and lesbian clientele but required a fee be paid to Philadelphia mob connections for law enforcement to look the other way. The preservation of these bars around 13th and Locust Streets, through dealings with the Philadelphia mob, made gay culture appear more closely tied to illegal activity, which drew attention from the authorities.

Dewey's sit-ins

On April 25, 1965, over 150 people were denied service at Dewey's, a local coffee shop and diner at 219 South 17th Street in Philadelphia, near Rittenhouse Square. Those denied service were variously described at the time as "homosexuals", "masculine women", "feminine men", and "persons wearing non-conformist clothing". Three teenagers reported by Janus Society and Drum to be two males and one female staged what is known as Dewey's sit-ins. After restaurant managers contacted police, the three were arrested. In the process of offering legal support for the teens, local activist and president of the Janus Society, Clark Polak, was also arrested. Demonstrations took place outside the establishment over the next five days with 1500 flyers being distributed by the Janus Society and its supporters. Three people staged a second sit-in on May 2, 1965. The police were again called, but refused to make arrests this time. The Janus Society said the protests were successful in preventing further arrests and the action was deemed “the first sit-in of its kind in the history of the United States” by Drum magazine.

The Annual Reminders were a series of early pickets organized by LGBTQ organizations, which took place annually on July 4 at Independence Hall beginning in 1965 and were among the earliest LGBT demonstrations in the United States. The events were designed to inform and remind the American people that LGBT people did not enjoy basic civil rights protections. The reminders were held each year until 1969, with the final picket taking place shortly after the June 28 Stonewall riot in New York City, which was considered the flashpoint of the modern gay liberation movement. Reminder organizers decided to discontinue the July 4 pickets. Instead, they organized the Christopher Street Liberation Day demonstration held June 28, 1970, to commemorate the anniversary of the riot. In 2005 a historical marker was placed at 6th and Chestnut Streets to commemorate the Annual Reminders.

Philadelphia's first Gay Pride Parade was held in Rittenhouse Square on June 11, 1972, hosted by the Gay Activists Alliance, the Homophile Action League, Radicalesbians and groups from Penn State and Temple University. The route started down Chestnut Street and ended at Independence Park.

This Washington Square West district was selected to undergo gentrification in the mid-1970s and up to one-fifth of the old structures were razed. Shortly after the project began, federal assistance was discontinued and the district's demolished lots sat unoccupied during a long recovery period into the 1990s. Mayor Ed Rendell promoted a new era of gentrification, which helped Washington Square West regain its footing and transform into a healthy, economically viable community by the early 2000s.

However, the lumping together of prostitutes, drug dealers, and homosexuals provoked police raids on gay bars up into the early 1980s. During this time, demonstrations at Independence Hall for gay rights sought to raise the community from an underground and lascivious group into a more unified community and political entity. This same area of the city remains an epicenter for gay culture today.

21st century
In 2007, 36 rainbow street signs were mounted throughout intersections within 11th and Broad Streets, formally recognizing the Gayborhood as part of Philadelphia culture.

In 2014, gay transgender man Lou Cutler became the first openly transgender man to be crowned Mr. Gay Philadelphia. In 2020, Philly Leather crowned the contest's first non-binary winner, Mx. Philadelphia Leather Diamond d'Ant.

In 2018, a historical marker was placed at 17th and St. James streets to commemorate the Dewey's sit-ins.

In 2021, after organizing PrideDay in June and OutFest in October for 32 years, Philly Pride Presents abruptly dissolved facing community accusations of mismanagement, racism, and transphobia. In the wake, a local group of LGBTQ+ volunteers formed a new group called PHL Pride Collective.

There are additional neighborhoods in Philadelphia with sizeable and/or growing LGBT populations: East Passyunk Crossing has been dubbed by some as the "New Gayborhood," and Mount Airy has a significant number of lesbian households.

Community Organizations

Galaei
GALAEI fights for access, opportunity, sexual empowerment, and economic justice while fighting systemic oppression, structural racism, discrimination, and white supremacy.

Mazzoni Center
The Mazzoni Center, established in 1979, is the only healthcare provider in Philadelphia that operates specifically for the LGBT community.  The center's array of HIV/AIDS-related and general health services benefit over 30,000 individuals annually.  Community programs are open to the public that include focus groups and outreach programs.  Other health care services include HIV and STD testing, food and housing options, mental and behavioral health services, and LGBT legal services.  The center seeks to break down cultural insensitivity that LGBT individuals may encounter in mainstream healthcare systems by communicating through knowledgeable health care and preventative services counselors.

Philly AIDS Thrift
Philly AIDS Thrift is a charitable organization founded in 2005. Its goal is to raise money and distribute the proceeds to local organizations involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

PHL Pride Collective
PHL Pride Collective was formed by LGBTQ+ community members in 2021 following the abrupt dissolvement of Philly Pride Presents following accusations of mismanagement, racism, and transphobia. The Collective is working to reimagine Philly Pride to be more community oriented, more revolutionary, and more in the spirit of LGBTQ+ Pride than ever before.

William Way LGBT Community Center
The William Way LGBT Community Center, founded in 1975, was founded as the Gay and Lesbian Community Center of Philadelphia. It maintains an archive of local and regional LGBT information and culture, curates exhibitions, and offers community support.

Bars and entertainment
A diverse range of gay-friendly businesses and organizations are located within Philadelphia, including bars, nightclubs, performance theaters, shops, health centers, restaurants, and adult theaters .  Popular bars and nightclubs include Cockatoo, Level Up Bar and Lounge, Knock Restaurant and Bar, Stir Lounge, Tabu Lounge & Sports Bar, Tavern on Camac, The Bike Stop,  UBar, Voyeur, Toast Walnut Bar & Kitchen, and Woody's.

Politics
Mayor of Philadelphia John Street was elected in 1999 with the help of LGBT activists. Following his election, Street selected over twelve LGBT persons to work on his mayoral transition team.

Media
The oldest LGBT weekly newspaper is the Philadelphia Gay News, founded in 1976. Its purple vending machines are found in Center City.

Events
The city hosts many LGBT-related events including Equality Forum, Blue Ball, the Philadelphia Trans Health Conference, Pride Parade, and OutFest.

See also

 LGBT culture
 Homosocialization

References

^ Nickels, Thom                   Gay and Lesbian Philadelphia, Arcadia Publishing, 2002


title: Daniel Jouseff

text:
Daniel Youssef (born 1975) is a Swedish artist based in Stockholm. He works with questions concerning identity and language in drawings, neon works and installations.

Background

The artistry of Daniel Youssef deals with the challenges of being in between two languages, two cultures and to a certain extent, in between two different views of the world. With the one foot he stands in his parents’ respective cultures, and with the other he stands firmly in Sweden, the land in which he was born. Youssef’s parents immigrated to Sweden in the 1970’s and the spoken language around him at home was Arabic. However, in the outside world, Swedish dominated. Youssef never became completely fluent in Arabic, neither did his Swedish sound exactly as that of his friends with Swedish-born parents. This resulted in a breach in terms of identity as well as in the experience of history and the understanding of a shared present. From within this breach, Youssef has found his creative language which has taken physical form in installations, drawings, neon works and film. He describes himself as “An Arab whose western culture, ironically enough, is a confirmation of his Arabic origin”. Youssef may very well find his inspiration in his private and personal experiences of life, but he succeeds ingeniously in transforming these experiences into a common understanding of identification and he, thus, offers a platform for a discussion about human possibilities and challenges in a border-crossing world.

Daniel Youssef, born 1975 in Växjö, lives and works in Stockholm, Sweden. He has exhibited at Södertälje konsthall, Skövde konsthall, and Arsenalsgatan 3 in Stockholm, among others. He is represented at Skövde konsthall and Ståhl Collection, Norrköping, and is the former recipient of a working grant from The Mirror Institution, Sweden.

Exhibitions

 Översättningar, Södertälje Konsthall, Sweden, 2021 (solo)
 Daniel Jouseff, Skövde Konsthall, Sweden, 2021 (solo)
 Kommunikation, Arsenalsgatan 3, Stockholm, Sweden, 2021 (solo)
 From Inferno, Anna Bohman Gallery, Stockholm, 2023 (solo)
 Swedish Ecstasy, Bozar, Brussels, Belgium, 2023 (group)

Publications

 Book of Daniel, 2021
 New Borders, 2021

1975 births
Expressionist painters
English installation artists
Swedish contemporary artists
Living people
Artists from Stockholm
Artists from London
Alumni of the University of the Arts London
English contemporary artists
Neo-expressionist artists


title: Guilherme Valadão Gama

text:
Guilherme Valadão Gama (born 25 January 1991) is a Brazilian handballer for Romanian club Steaua București and the Brazilian national team.

He represented Brazil at the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship.

Titles
South and Central American Men's Club Handball Championship:
2019, 2021

References

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from São Bernardo do Campo
Brazilian male handball players
Expatriate handball players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Liga ASOBAL players
BM Granollers players
CSA Steaua București (handball) players
South American Games medalists in handball
South American Games gold medalists for Brazil
21st-century Brazilian people


title: Octomeria scirpoidea

text:
Octomeria brevifolia is a species of orchid endemic to South America (Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil).

References

scirpoidea
Plants described in 1837
Orchids of South America


title: MV Chugach Ranger

text:
The MV Chugach Ranger is a historic ranger boat whose home port is Petersburg, Alaska.  She is the last wooden ranger boat in the fleet of the United States Forest Service operating in Southeast Alaska.  She was designed by Seattle-based boat designer L. H. Coolidge and launched in Seattle in 1925.  She has been in service ever since, transporting scientists, government officials, supplies, and guests throughout the areas administered by the Forest Service in southeastern Alaska, and performing search and rescue operations.  First based in Cordova, she was assigned to the Tongass National Forest in 1953, and relocated to Petersburg.  She is about  long,  wide, and is estimated to displace 40 tons.

The boat was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Petersburg Census Area, Alaska

References

Tongass National Forest
Ships on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
National Register of Historic Places in Petersburg Borough, Alaska


title: 2014 Primera B Nacional

text:
The 2014 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 29th season of the professional Argentine second division. A total of 22 teams competed. For this season, AFA decided to change the structure in the Argentine football league system, and because of this 10 teams were promoted to Primera División, with no relegations.

Club information

Standings

Zone A

Results

Zone A triangular
Three tied teams from Zone A will play in a triangular for two places in the Argentine Primera División. It will be played 11–19 December. Although a home and an away team is named for each match, the three matches will be played in neutral stadiums.

Results of triangular

Zone B

Results

Zone B play–off

Two tied teams from Zone B competed in a play-off match for a place in the Argentine Primera División. The match and promotion was won by Huracán.

Relegation
This season there were no relegations because of the new format. The points obtained were added for the next season.

Season statistics

Top scorers
Updated for games played 8 December 2014

See also
2014–15 in Argentine football
2014 Argentine Primera División

References

External links
List of Argentine second division champions by RSSSF

Primera B Nacional seasons
2014 in Argentine football leagues
Arg


title: S. D. Jayaratne

text:
Shanthilal Devapriya Jayaratne MBBS, MD Post Graduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo, FRCP, FCCP (known as S. D. Jayaratne) was a professor of medicine at University of Sri Jayewardenepura and was Chairman of State Pharmaceuticals Corporation of Sri Lanka (SPC) and State Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing Corporation (SPMC). Jayaratne is the chairman of National Medicines Regulatory Authority, and former chairman of Sri Jayawardenepura General Hospital.

Early life

Jayaratne was born in 1951 and educated at Nalanda College, Colombo. After passing the GCE Advanced Level in Sri Lanka in science stream he entered medical faculty of the University of Colombo and graduated as a Medical Doctor with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

Career

After completing his internship at the then General Hospital Colombo (currently National Hospital of Sri Lanka) he was appointed to Kurunegala Hospital. At a later stage he was attached to Panadura Hospital too. Later for post graduate higher education studies, Jayaratne went to United Kingdom and after completion and upon arrival back to Sri Lanka joine  North Colombo Medical College Hospital and worked as a Specialist Doctor in  Ragama Hospital.  Later when University of Sri Jayewardenepura opened its Faculty of Medical Sciences, he joined it as a senior lecturer while doing clinical work at the Kalubowila Hospital. He has been a chairman of board of study i Medicine of the Post graduate Institute of medicine, University of Colombo and later as Chairperson of the Board of Management of the same Institue. In it Jubilee year in 2017 of the Ceylon College of Physicians he was the President of the College. From 2019 he has been appointed as Chairman of the Sri Jayewardenepura Hospital and Postgraduate Centre as its Chairman.

References

Sri Lankan Buddhists
Sinhalese people
Sri Lankan medical doctors
Alumni of Nalanda College, Colombo
1951 births
Living people


title: Heart Health Park

text:
Heart Health Park is a sports venue located on the grounds of Cal Expo in Sacramento, California, United States. The soccer-specific stadium has a capacity of 11,569 and includes a full-sized (120 x 80 yard) soccer field.  Heart Health Park is the current home of Sacramento Republic FC soccer team and former home of PRO Rugby team, Sacramento Express.

The field is located on the former site of the Cal Expo Amphitheatre, and is bordered on the west and south by the Cal Expo monorail, and on the east by Raging Waters water park.

History
Construction of the stadium began in March 2014, following approval by the Cal Expo Board of Directors. Funding for the stadium came from an agreement between Ovations Food Services, Cal Expo, and the Republic FC. Original schedules put the grand opening for the Republic FC's June 7 match against Arizona United, but that date was postponed two weeks, with the grand opening falling instead on June 20, when the Republic FC played the reserve team of the Colorado Rapids in a match that ended in a victory for the Republic.

The name of the stadium was originally Cal Expo Multi-Use Sports Field Facility, but on April 21, 2014, Republic FC President Warren Smith announced a multi-year deal with Bonney Plumbing, Heating, Air and Rooter Service for the naming rights of the stadium and the name was changed to Bonney Field.

On March 9, 2017, Republic FC announced that the facility would be renamed Papa Murphy's Park, in a multi-year naming rights agreement with Papa Murphy's.

On May 5, 2021, the Sacramento Republic FC and Western Health Advantage agreed to a new naming rights deal that would change the name of the stadium to Heart Health Park.

Structure

Heart Health Park is open-ended, with the south endline lacking a grandstand but hosting the VIP section. The north endline is home to the Tower Bridge Battalion, the SRFC supporters group. The team benches and premium seating are located along the west sideline.

Soccer
Heart Health Park is the home stadium for the Sacramento Republic FC soccer team of the USL. The Republic hosted its first match at Heart Health Park on June 20, 2014. In addition to USL Pro matches, Heart Health Park also hosted Republic friendly matches against visiting foreign teams, such as Mexican Premier Division team Club Atlas, Scottish Premiership team Rangers F.C., and Premier League team West Bromwich Albion F.C.

Rugby Union
Heart Health Park was the home of the Sacramento Express that played in the PRO Rugby competition.

Heart Health Park has hosted several international rugby matches:

Expansion
After a successful inaugural season for the Republic FC, which consisted of 16 sell-outs in 17 matches and a USL Pro championship at Heart Health Park, Smith indicated plans to expand the stadium by 2,000 to 3,000 seats for the 2015 USL Pro season. The expansion project, which forced a reschedule of the 2015 home opener, added approximately 1,300 sideline seats, 2,500 endline seats, and an expanded market area.

References

External links
Stadium page

Sports venues in Sacramento, California
Rugby union stadiums in California
Soccer venues in California
2014 establishments in California
Sports venues completed in 2014
Sacramento Republic FC
USL Championship stadiums


title: Goma (software)

text:
Goma is an open-source, parallel, and scalable multiphysics software package for modeling and simulation of real-life physical processes, with a basis in computational fluid dynamics for problems with evolving geometry. It solves problems in all branches of mechanics, including fluids, solids, and thermal analysis. Goma uses advanced numerical methods, focusing on the low-speed flow regime with coupled phenomena for manufacturing and performance applications. It also provides a flexible software development environment for specialty physics.

Goma was created by Sandia National Laboratories and is currently supported by both Sandia and the University of New Mexico.

Capabilities

Goma is a finite element program which solves problems from all branches of mechanics, including fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, chemical reactions and mass transport, and energy
transport.  The conservation principles for momentum, mass, species, and
energy, together with material constitutive relations, can be described by partial
differential equations. The equations are made discrete for solution on a digital
computer with the finite element method in space and the finite difference
method in time. The resulting nonlinear, time-dependent, algebraic equations
are solved with a full Newton-Raphson method. The linearized equations are
solved with direct or Krylov-based iterative solvers. The simulations can be
run on a single processor or on multiple processors in parallel using domain
decomposition, which can greatly speed up engineering analysis.

Example applications include, but are not limited to, coating and polymer processing flows, super-alloy processing, welding/soldering, electrochemical processes, and solid-network or solution film drying.  A full description of Goma's capabilities can be found in Goma's capabilities document.

Goma is frequently used in conjunction with other software packages.  Cubit is typically used to generate computational meshes, while ParaView is often used to visualize the simulation results.  Simulation output is generated in the ExodusII file format.

History

Goma originated in 1994 from an early version of MP_SALSA, a finite element program designed to simulate chemically reacting flows in massively-parallel computing environments. As a point-of-departure, Goma was originally extended and adapted to free and moving boundary problems in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer.  Five versions of Goma (1.0 through 5.0) were developed and released by Sandia from 1994 through 2012.  These original versions of Goma were not approved for public release, and were released only internally within the US Government and its contracted industrial and academic partners.

In 2013, Sandia released Goma 6.0 as open-source software under the GNU General Public License.  It is hosted by GitHub and contains instructions on downloading additional software packages that are required to build Goma.

Awards

Goma 6.0 was awarded a 2014 R&D 100 Award by R&D Magazine.  This award identifies the open-source release of Goma 6.0 as one of the top 100 technological innovations of 2013.

Publications

A user manual for Goma 6.0 has been published openly.  Goma simulations have underpinned at least 14 Sandia technical reports and over 25 journal articles.

External links
 Goma hosted on GitHub
 Goma Website
 R&D 100 award nomination video

References

Finite element software
Finite element software for Linux
Scientific simulation software
Sandia National Laboratories


title: Ellen Renfroe

text:
Ellen Ruth Reed née Renfroe (born April 25, 1992) is an American, former collegiate All-American, right-handed softball pitcher originally from Jackson, Tennessee.

Playing career
Renfroe played for the Tennessee Lady Volunteers from 2011 to 2014. Following her freshman season she was named SEC Freshman of the Year. Renfroe was the second of three softball playing sisters at Tennessee; she is the sister of Anna and Ivy Renfroe. Renfroe was also an All-Southeastern Conference player for four years. Renfroe was also on the 2013 Women's College World Series All-Tournament team, helping the Lady Vols finish as National runner up in the 2013 Women's College World Series. Renfroe is currently a high school softball coach.

Personal
Ellen spent two years as an assistant coach for the University of Memphis. She also spent one year as the head coach of Bethel University in 2017. She was an assistant coach of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, working primarily with the pitching staff.

Career Statistics

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Tennessee Volunteers softball players
Sportspeople from Jackson, Tennessee
Softball players from Tennessee


title: Blues in Orbit (Gil Evans album)

text:
Blues in Orbit is an album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans, recorded in 1969 and 1971 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Jimmy Cleveland, Howard Johnson, Billy Harper, and Joe Beck. The album was originally released on the short-lived Ampex label (with a different running order) as Gil Evans (1970) but received wider release on the Enja label under this title.

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "Arranger Gil Evans's first recording as a leader in five years found him leading an orchestra that could be considered a transition between his 1950s groups and his somewhat electric band of the 1970s... A near-classic release."

Track listing
All compositions by Gil Evans except as indicated
 "Thoroughbred" (Billy Harper) - 4:57
 "Spaced" - 3:04
 "Love In the Open" (Warren Smith) - 6:49
 "Variation on the Misery" - 3:03
 "Blues In Orbit" (George Russell) - 6:49
 "Proclamation" - 1:48
 "General Assembly" (aka "Time of the Barracudas" by Miles Davis and Gil Evans) - 7:12
 "So Long" - 2:27
Recorded in New York in 1969 (tracks 2–4 & 6–8) and 1971 (tracks 1 & 5)

Personnel
 Gil Evans - piano, electric piano, arranger, conductor
 Johnny Coles (tracks 1 & 5), Mike Lawrence (tracks 2–4 & 6–8), Ernie Royal (tracks 1 & 5), Snooky Young (tracks 2–4 & 6–8) - trumpet
 Garnett Brown (tracks 1 & 5), Jimmy Cleveland, Jimmy Knepper (tracks 2–4 & 6–8) - trombone
 Ray Alonge (tracks 1 & 5), Julius Watkins (tracks 2–4 & 6–8) - French horn
 Howard Johnson - tuba, baritone saxophone
 Hubert Laws - flute (tracks 2–4 & 6–8)
 Billy Harper - tenor saxophone
 George Marge - flute, tenor saxophone (tracks 1 & 5)
 Joe Beck - guitar (tracks 2–4 & 6–8)
 Gene Bianco - harp
 Herb Bushler - bass
 Elvin Jones (tracks 2–4 & 6–8), Alphonse Mouzon (tracks 1 & 5) - drums
 Sue Evans, Donald McDonald - percussion

References

1980 albums
Gil Evans albums
Albums arranged by Gil Evans
Enja Records albums


title: Lee Si-young (disambiguation)

text:
Lee Si-young may also refer to:

 Yi Si-yeong (1868–1953), South Korean politician who served as the first vice president
 Lee Si-young (poet) (born 1950), South Korean writer
 Lee Si-young (born 1982), South Korean actress
 Lee Si-young (footballer) (born 1997), South Korean footballer

See also


title: St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church (Huntsville, Alabama)

text:
St. Mary of the Visitation Catholic Church is a historic church in Huntsville, Alabama and is the oldest Catholic church in North Alabama. It began construction in 1861 but was interrupted by the Civil War. The church was completed in 1877. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Description
St. Mary Church was built of limestone in a Romanesque Revival style. The façade is framed by two hexagonal towers; the spire of the north tower houses the bell, and is raised six feet (1.8 meters) above the south tower. The large central double entrance doors and smaller flanking doors are topped by an arched wooden infill panel. All openings on the façade are topped with projecting round stone arches, with the keystones and imposts projecting further. A stone belt course runs half-way up the front. Pilasters climb between the central and side doors and terminate about 5 feet (1.5 m) above the gable roof in a shallow gable wall. Crosses adorn this wall and the two towers. A semi-hexagonal apse is a later addition to the rear of the building.  The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

References

Further reading

External links

National Register of Historic Places in Huntsville, Alabama
Romanesque Revival church buildings in Alabama
Churches in Huntsville, Alabama
Roman Catholic churches in Alabama
1860 establishments in Alabama
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1877
Religious organizations established in 1869
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama
19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Roman Catholic Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama


title: Illinois Administrative Code

text:
The Illinois Administrative Code (Ill. Adm. Code or IAC) is the official compilation of the administrative rules of Illinois state agencies published in the Illinois Register, and is maintained by the Illinois Secretary of State in cooperation with the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules. The Illinois Administrative Code was last printed in 1996, but is available online from the Illinois General Assembly's website.

The Illinois Administrative Procedure Act [5 ILCS 100] governs the rulemaking process in Illinois.

Style

The Secretary of State maintains the style manual for the Illinois Administrative Code and Illinois Register on its website. One notable feature of the Code and Register text is the use of italics (or, in less recently updated sections, all caps) to indicate that a particular set of words is quoting or closely summarizing statutory text; a reference to the relevant section of the Illinois Compiled Statutes should be provided in brackets after the italicized text.

See also
 Illinois Register
 Law of Illinois
Rulemaking in Illinois

References

External links
 "How Rules Are Made in Illinois", Joint Committee on Administrative Rules.
Illinois Administrative Code
Illinois Register
Joint Committee on Administrative Rules

Illinois law
United States state administrative codes


title: Illinois Register

text:
The Illinois Register (Ill. Reg.) is the official weekly publication containing proposed and adopted rules of Illinois state agencies.  It is published online every Friday by the Illinois Secretary of State.

Citation format

References to the Illinois Register contain the volume number (each volume is one calendar year) and the page number, which is continuously numbered over the course of a volume.  For example, 42 Ill. Reg. 10808 refers to page 10808 of the 42nd volume (calendar year 2018). The Illinois Register's website includes references to page numbers to make it easier to find the correct issue, which in this example would be the 22 June 2018 issue.

Archived volumes/issues

All issues of the Illinois Register since the 16 August 2002 issue (volume 26, issue 33) are available on the Secretary of State's website. Issues before that are available sporadically online via Google Books or the Internet Archive. For help in finding a particular issue, check with the Reference Desk at the Illinois State Library or the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules.

See also
 Illinois Administrative Code
 Law of Illinois
 Federal Register

References

External links
 Illinois Register from the Illinois Secretary of State

Illinois law
United States state official journals


title: Gogi-guksu

text:
Gogi-guksu () is one of the traditional foods of the Jeju Province (Jeju-do), South Korea. It is a soup prepared with pork and noodles, and served with garnishes. It is similar to Vietnamese Pho.

Because of poor soil conditions in Jeju Province, people in Jeju mainly live on wheat and barley, so a culture of noodles developed. In addition, Jeju-do has a tradition of people giving gifts of pork during happy occasions. Gogi-guksu is the result of these two cultural ideas in jeju-do.

Gogi-guksu is only sold in Jeju-do. Therefore, Gogi-guksu is kind of Janchi-guksu in Jeju, traditional food.

See also

 Korean noodles
 Kalguksu
 List of soups
 Sujebi
 Kuksu

References

Jeju cuisine
Korean noodle dishes
Noodle soups


title: Sisters (2015 film)

text:
Sisters is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Jason Moore, written by Paula Pell and is the second collaboration between Tina Fey and Amy Poehler following the film Baby Mama (2008). The rest of the cast consists of Maya Rudolph, Ike Barinholtz, James Brolin, John Cena, John Leguizamo, Bobby Moynihan, and Dianne Wiest.

The film centers on adult sisters Kate, an irresponsible single mother, and Maura, a kindhearted nurse and recent divorcee, who are summoned back to their childhood home by their parents to clean out their bedroom before the house gets sold. Upset and angry that all their childhood memories are going to be gone, Kate convinces Maura to have one last wild house party, but things soon get out of control.

The film was released on December 18, 2015 by Universal Pictures, received mixed reviews, though most critics praised the chemistry of the lead actresses, and grossed $105 million on a production budget of $33 million.

Plot
Maura Ellis, a recently divorced, hardworking nurse, is asked by her parents Deana and Bucky to return to her childhood Orlando home and clean out her bedroom before the house is sold. Her parents also ask that she tell her sister Kate, an irresponsible stylist whose teenaged daughter Haley secretly lives with Maura.

Maura calls Kate but instead convinces her to come to Orlando, as Kate has been kicked out of her apartment. Upon reaching their childhood home, the sisters discover the house has already sold with every room emptied except their bedroom. The parents inform them that they need to finish cleaning out by the end of the weekend. Kate convinces Maura to throw one last party in the house.

The next morning, the new homeowners tell the sisters that the home needs to be in perfect condition to sell. Moving forward with their party plans, Kate and Maura invite most of their friends from high school, excluding Kate's rival, Brinda. While looking for party decorations, they have a run-in with Brinda, who is upset about not being invited. Maura invites her nail stylist to the party and tries to convince Kate to apply for a nail salon job. Kate convinces the owner to pretend to hire her.

During the sisters' shopping for dresses, Haley calls Kate to check in with her. Kate hands her phone to Maura, who convinces Haley that Kate has changed for the better, so she buys a plane ticket to Orlando to surprise her. Kate forces Maura to ask James, a man they hit on earlier, to come to their party and reluctantly agrees to remain sober.

The sisters' high school classmates arrive but have matured and do not want a wild party. Kate and Maura give a speech to their guests and ask their friend Dave to invite his drug dealer Pazuzu. More of their friends show up, and the party becomes more lively. Brinda arrives uninvited, and Kate kicks her out. James also arrives, and he and Maura try to hold a conversation but keep getting interrupted. Seeking revenge, Brinda calls in a noise complaint to the police, though Kate and Maura flirt and talk their way out of trouble.

As the party spins out of control, Haley calls her mother to surprise her about being in town but, upon learning about the party, lashes out at Kate for her lack of responsibility. Kate starts drinking since Haley already suspects she is drunk. After Brinda again sneaks in, she and Kate resolve their mutual dislike. Meanwhile, Maura sneaks off with James, but she falls through the ceiling, and James falls on her childhood ballerina music box, prompting him to leave.

Kate learns that her parents have decided to give her a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the house to allow her to attempt a fresh start. She tries to end the party early despite the recent destruction to the house. She calls the police with a fake noise complaint, but the responding officer recalls that Maura was kind to his disabled cousin years ago and declines to shut down the party. Maura leaves her room and is horrified to see the mess as well as a drunk Kate. At the same time, Kate learns that Maura has been housing Haley and is incensed.

As the sisters fight, Haley, Deana, and Bucky arrive. The backyard pool suddenly becomes a sinkhole, Haley falls in, and Kate jumps to the rescue. After expelling the guests, the parents tell Kate and Maura that they need to get their lives in order.

The next morning, Deana and Bucky refuse Maura's offer to help pay for the damages, but reluctantly allow Kate to stay for two weeks while she and James begin home repairs. Maura and Kate reconcile, and Kate convinces Maura to try reconnecting with James. The parents ultimately sell the repaired house with Brinda as their real estate agent. Kate opens a nail salon in Orlando while Maura and James begin dating. The film closes with the Ellis family and James celebrating Christmas at the parents' new home.

Cast

Production
The film was initially titled The Nest. On December 3, 2014, Universal Pictures announced it had been retitled to Sisters.

Casting
On June 5, 2014, Ike Barinholtz joined the cast of the film to play the male lead. On June 11, James Brolin was added to the cast to play Fey and Poehler's characters' father. On June 12, Greta Lee was added to the cast to play Hae Won, a nail stylist who gets a pity invite to the party. On June 13, Maya Rudolph joined the film to play the childhood friend of both sisters. On June 17, Madison Davenport joined the film to play Kate's daughter Hayley. On July 1, wrestler John Cena was added to the cast of the film, with Deadline reporting that he would play a villainous role. On July 16, Renée Elise Goldsberry was added to the cast to play Kim, a longtime friend of Poehler and Fey's characters.

Filming
Principal photography commenced on June 9, 2014 in White Plains, New York when director Moore tweeted some photos from the set. It was filmed in New York City through the end of July. On June 18, the crew shot some scenes in Haverstraw, New York. Fey and Poehler were spotted filming in Pearl River, New York. On June 24, filming was underway around Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York. Filming also occurred at the Jon Megaris hair salon in nearby Huntington, New York on January 22, 2015.

Release
Sisters was released in the United States on December 18, 2015. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 15, 2016.

Reception

Box office
Sisters grossed $87 million in North America and $18 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $105 million, against a budget of $33 million.

In North America, Sisters opened on December 18, 2015 with box office projections expected to be hurt by Star Wars: The Force Awakens. In its opening weekend, the film was projected to gross $11 million from 2,961 theaters. The film grossed $5 million on its first day and $13.9 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office behind Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($248 million) and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip ($14.3 million).

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 60% based on 178 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Sisters sharp blend of pathos and vulgarity, along with Tina Fey and Amy Poehler's effervescent chemistry, are more than enough to make up for the handful of laughs this coming-of-age comedy leaves on the table." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Guy Lodge of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing: "Beneath the film's entertainingly crude hijinks, there are actual human stakes here, as the two sisters recognize in each other the growing up they themselves need to do — though Pell’s script keeps the hugging and learning to a reasonable minimum." Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post also reacted positively, saying, "It takes superior artistry to take the rude, crude and socially unmentionable and make it feel upliftingly wholesome. Such is the magic of Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, the dynamic duo at the playful, prurient, occasionally perverse heart of Sisters." Many critics have positively compared the film to other recent successful female-centric comedies, such as Bridesmaids, Spy and Trainwreck.

Mark Olsen of the Los Angeles Times had a more mixed reaction, saying, "There is so much about its package – the stars, the premise, the talented supporting cast – that would make for a film of warmth, humor and insight on the struggles of leaving the past behind and getting out of your own way on the path to fulfilment. Instead, the movie settles for being a party comedy and little else." Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one and a half stars out of four, but praised Fey and Poehler's performances, saying "though they look nothing like sisters, they’re believable as sisters. Every once in a while when we take a break from the thuddingly unfunny slapstick stuff, there’s a nice and genuine moment."

Accolades

References

External links

2010s buddy comedy films
2010s English-language films
2015 comedy films
2015 films
American buddy comedy films
American female buddy films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about parties
Films about sisters
Films directed by Jason Moore
Films produced by Tina Fey
Films scored by Christophe Beck
Films set in New York City
Films set in Orlando, Florida
Midlife crisis films
Universal Pictures films
2010s American films


title: D. maculata

text:
D. maculata may refer to:

 Dactyloceras maculata, an African moth
 Dactylorhiza maculata, a perennial plant
 Dellamora maculata, a tumbling flower beetle
 Deltophora maculata, a twirler moth
 Denisonia maculata, an elapid snake
 Dialeurolonga maculata, a true bug
 Dicranota maculata, a hairy-eyed cranefly
 Dictyolathys maculata, an araneomorph spider
 Dieffenbachia maculata, a perennial plant
 Diopatra maculata, a polychaete worm
 Diphtheroglyphus maculata, an invertebrate animal
 Diphucrania maculata, a jewel beetle
 Diploschema maculata, a longhorn beetle
 Diplura maculata, a funnel-web tarantula
 Diuris maculata, an orchid endemic to Australia
 Dolichovespula maculata, a North American wasp
 Dorstenia maculata, a New World herb
 Dorylomorpha maculata, a big-headed fly
 Doto maculata, a sea slug
 Drimiopsis maculata, a perennial herb
 Duvalia maculata, an Old World plant


title: List of vegetable dishes

text:
This is a list of vegetable dishes, that includes dishes in which the main ingredient or one of the essential ingredients is a vegetable or vegetables.

In culinary terms, a vegetable is an edible plant or its part, intended for cooking or eating raw. Many vegetable-based dishes exist throughout the world.

Vegetable dishes

By main ingredient

Eggplant dishes

Legume dishes

Potato dishes

By type

Salads

Soups

By country

Indian vegetable dishes

Pakistani vegetable dishes

See also

 List of salads
 List of squash and pumpkin dishes
 List of vegetables
 List of foods
 Veggie burger
 Vegetarian cuisine

References

External links

Vegetable Dishes


title: Illinois Auditor General

text:
The Illinois Auditor General is a legislative officer provided for by the Constitution of Illinois and appointed by the Illinois General Assembly for a 10-year term.  The office reviews all Illinois state spending for legality.

History
A 1956 scandal prompted the creation of the office. Orville E. Hodge, auditor of public accounts, embezzled or misappropriated over $1 million dollars in public funds.

In 1957, the General Assembly passed the Illinois Auditing Act and created the Department of Audits and the Legislative Audit Commission.

In 1970, the Illinois Constitution mandated the office as a legislative entity rather than an executive branch agency. The General Assembly passed the Illinois State Auditing Act.

Robert G. Cronson was the first Auditor General and took office on August 1, 1974.

Duties of the Auditor General
The Auditor General audits public funds of the State and reports findings and recommendations to the Illinois General Assembly and to the Governor of Illinois. They disclose the obligation, expenditure, receipt, and use of public funds. The Auditor General's office performs several types of audits to review state agencies, including performance audits and information system audits.

List of Office Holders

Current Occupant
Frank J. Mautino became Auditor General of the State of Illinois on January 1, 2016. Prior to his appointment as Auditor General, Mr. Mautino served 24 years in the Illinois House of Representatives, including 12 years as a co-chairman of the Legislative Audit Commission. He is the third Auditor General since the position was created.

See also
 Illinois Auditor of Public Accounts — a pre-1973 elected constitutional office
 Illinois Treasurer

References

External links

Auditor General
Auditor General
State auditors and comptrollers of the United States