title: Karmenu Vella

text:
Karmenu Vella  (born 19 June 1950) is a Maltese politician and former member of the European Commission, in charge of Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries between 2014 and 2019. He has been one of the longest serving Maltese Parliamentarian with the Maltese Labour Party. He was appointed Companion of the National Order of Merit of Malta in 2019.

Biography
Vella was born on 19 June 1950, in Zurrieq and is the eldest of three children. Vella lived in Zurrieq for 33 years from 1950 till 1983. He now lives in Birzebbugia with his wife Marianne (née Buhagiar). The couple has two sons, John married to Miriam Dalli, and Philip married to Rania (née Mamo). He is also a grandfather of two, Adam and Jack.

Education
After his primary education in Zurrieq and his secondary education at the Lyceum Secondary School, Vella attended his pre-tertiary education at the University of Malta's Junior College until 1968.

Karmenu Vella attended the Royal University of Malta where he was conferred with a Bachelor of Arts in Architectural Studies in 1970, and then graduated as an Architect and Civil Engineer in 1973.

Between 1998 and 2000 he studied at Sheffield Hallam University where he was awarded a Master of Science degree in Tourism.

Political career

Labour Party
Karmenu Vella has had a long and distinguished service in the Labour Party of Malta.

He started with the Labour Party in 1968 as a member of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Youth Movement and later a member of the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY).

More recently, apart from being a member on the Labour Party's National Executive, Karmenu Vella held the post of Member and Group Co-ordinator for the Labour Party Parliamentary Group. In 2011 he was in charge of the electoral programme for the Maltese Labour Party for the 2013 general elections.

Parliament and national government
In 1968, at the age of 18, Karmenu Vella was elected as the youngest member of the Zurrieq Civic Council and served as such until 1970.

In 1976 he contested the general elections for the first time and was elected as the youngest Member of Parliament and since then served as  Maltese Parliamentarian for thirty eight uninterrupted years as a Labour Member of Parliament.

During his Parliamentary term in government, Vella has been nominated Minister four times during the Labour Party Government. He was Minister for Public Works between 1981 and 1984, Minister for Industry from 1984 to 1987, Minister for Tourism between 1996 and 1998 and was again appointed as Tourism Minister in March 2013 until his nomination as EU Commissioner Designate in 2014.

During his Parliamentary term in opposition, he served as Shadow Minister for Tourism from 1998 to 2011 and between 2011 and 2013 was a Shadow Minister for Finance.

Professional career
During his professional career, Karmenu Vella has held a number of managerial and directorship posts.

In 1973 he started his own private practice as an Architect and Civil Engineer, and during that same year he was appointed a director until 1976 on Mid Med Bank - Malta.

In 1974 he joined the Libyan Arab Maltese Holding Company as its Managing Director until 1981. During that period he also served as a director on a number of the company's subsidiaries which included: Mediterranean Aviation Co Ltd., Medelec Switchgear Co Ltd., Mediterranean Power Electric Co Ltd., Rotos Zirayia Pumps Co Ltd., and Plastic Processing Co Ltd.

In 2001 he was appointed executive chairman of Corinthia Hotels International until 2007 and then executive chairman of Corinthia's Mediterranean Construction Co Ltd., until 2010.

In 2010 he joined Betfair Group Ltd. as a director and sat on SMS-Mondial Travel Group's Board as chairman until 2013.

In 2015 Vella had launched the Pan-European Dialogue for Cruise Tourism.

Non-profit organisations
In 2007 Karmenu Vella was the founding chairman of the Maltese Turkish Business Council.
Between 2007 and 2013 he was appointed a member of the Vodafone Malta Foundation.

Sports and cultural organisations
Karmenu has been very active in sports and cultural activities. He has been for a number of years the Honorary President for Birzebbugia Aquatic Sports Club, Honorary President for Zurrieq Bocci Club and Honorary President for Queen Victoria Band Club, Zurrieq.

Awards
Vella was appointed Companion of the National Order of Merit in the 2019 Republic Day awards by President George Vella, in recognition of his service to the country.

References

External links
Mediterranean Aviation Co Ltd
Medelec Switchgear Co Ltd.
Mediterranean Power Electric Co Ltd.
Corinthia Hotels International.
Corinthia's Mediterranean Construction Co Ltd.
Betfair Group Ltd.
SMS Mondial Travel Group.
Maltese Turkish Business Council

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1950 births
People from Żurrieq
Alumni of Sheffield Hallam University
University of Malta alumni
Industry ministers of Malta
Public works ministers of Malta
Tourism ministers of Malta
Labour Party (Malta) politicians
Living people
Maltese European Commissioners
Members of the House of Representatives of Malta
European Commissioners 2014–2019
20th-century Maltese architects
21st-century Maltese architects
20th-century Maltese politicians
21st-century Maltese politicians


title: Siripuram, Visakhapatnam

text:
Siripuram is an urban commercial center in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.  Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority administrative office is located here. There are many buildings landmark to this area.

Commerce
There are many offices and outlets situated here. They are
  VMRDA Administrative Building
  WNS Global Services Corporate Office
  VUDA Children Arena
  Gurajada Kalakshetram
  Dutt Island Building
  Akashavani Radio Station
  Government Circuit House

Transport

State-run APS RTC runs city bus services from Dwaraka bus station and various suburbs to this area.

References

Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam


title: Almond chicken

text:
Almond chicken is an American Chinese dish. The most common variations involve either stir frying or deep frying chicken and topping it with almonds.

Preparation

Some variations of almond chicken are prepared in a similar manner to cashew chicken, by stir frying chicken with almonds and vegetables. This variation is found in the 1917 Chinese Cook Book by Shiu Wong Chan, which calls for stir frying chicken with onions, mushrooms, water chestnuts and celery before coating with "Chinese gravy" and topping with almonds. This is one of the oldest recipes for the dish.

Other versions of the dish are prepared by battering chicken and coating it with almonds before frying.

Almond boneless chicken
Almond boneless chicken or War Sui Gai, a variation popular in Michigan, features sliced chicken which is deep fried twice. It is then topped with mushroom gravy and sliced almonds and served on a bed of iceberg lettuce. The dish is strongly associated with Detroit, but is also commonly served in Ohio and parts of Eastern Canada.

The origins of almond boneless chicken are unknown, although it was likely developed by Chinese immigrants from Guangdong. It may have originated in Columbus, Ohio and was historically associated with chop suey houses.

References

American Chinese chicken dishes
Deep fried foods
Almond dishes
Asian-American culture in Michigan


title: List of derbies in Poland

text:
This is a list of the main sporting local derbies in Poland.

Many sports teams in Poland have organised supporter groups who are actively in involved in either the ultras scene or the hooligan scene. All these groups in Poland have 4 types of relationships between each other which are subject to change over time:

 friendships (zgody) - alliances between two groups of supporters, whereby fans frequently visit each other's matches. During matches between two such sides, there usually are no divisions between away and home fans but both sets of fans are in the same stand.
 agreements (układy) - provisional agreements of co-operation between two groups of fans. If they last, they usually become friendships later on.
 enemies (kosy) - rival teams. A rival of a friend is also usually considered to be a rival.
 neutral - there's no specific antipathy or sympathy towards each other.

These relationships can be complicated. However, local derbies are usually pre-determined by historical and geographical factors and it is very rare for a local derby not to be considered a fierce rivalry. In some cases, the rivalries extend beyond sport and are general rivalries between cities or towns.

Association football

Biggest inter-regional rivalries

Football Derby of Poland
Any match where Legia Warsaw plays either Lech Poznań, Widzew Łódź or Wisła Kraków. All four clubs are among the most supported in the country and usually are or were among the title contenders. The animosity towards Legia stems from the fact that during the communist rule Legia forced players to transfer to their club by enforcing an ultimatum of either playing for Legia or serving in the military.

Silesia vs. The capital
Górnik Zabrze, Ruch Chorzów or Polonia Bytom vs. Legia Warsaw - the rivalry is not limited to those clubs, as such a derby can refer to any team from the capital, Legia, Polonia or even Hutnik or smaller teams, against any Upper Silesian club such as: GKS Tychy, GKS Jastrzębie, Górnik Zabrze, Odra Wodzisław, Piast Gliwice, Polonia Bytom, ROW Rybnik, Ruch Chorzów, Ruch Radzionków, Szczakowianka Jaworzno, Szombierki Bytom, Victoria Jaworzno with the exception of the
Dąbrowa Basin clubs (which are nicknamed "gorole" - "non-Silesians" by Silesian fans).

The region of Silesia has always been hostile towards the capital city, Warsaw, a rivalry that is mirrored outside of sport as well. This is partly due to quasi-colonial exploitation of the region after 1945 by the central government (or at least perceived as such in the region), partly due to Warsaw strongly opposing any attempt for greater autonomy for Silesia, and the hostility of the mining communities (Upper Silesia being a predominantly mining region) towards the ruling capital. The two most successful clubs, Górnik Zabrze and Ruch Chorzów, frequently contested the championship title with Legia Warsaw and therefore, those matches are especially heated. Polonia Bytom, having spent many years in the top flight, has also developed an intense rivalry. That said, the rivalry is not limited to those clubs, as such a derby can refer to any team from the capital, against any Upper Silesian club, the exception are those clubs from the Dąbrowa Basin (e.g. Zagłębie Sosnowiec) as they're not seen as Silesian by others in the region, but as "gorole" (a silesian word meaning: "non-Silesian"; the word "gorole" should not be confused with "górale" - "gorals").

"The Great Triad" vs. "The Three Kings of Big Cities"
The Great Triad (Arka Gdynia, Cracovia & Lech Poznań) vs. The Three Kings of Big Cities (Lechia Gdańsk, Śląsk Wrocław & Wisła Kraków) - Fans of Arka, Cracovia and Lech share a friendship, known as "The Great Triad" (Wielka Triada). Fans of Lechia, Śląsk and Wisła also shared a friendship called Trzej Królowie Wielkich Miast and any match between the two groups was considered a big rivalry. Wisła then broke away from the alliance and joined Elana Toruń, Widzew Łódź and Ruch Chorzów fans, causing a massive rift in the Polish supporter world.

Other derbies between coalitions
Whilst most fans have their own alliances and friendships specific between their two clubs, there are instances of three or even four-way friendships. There are other long-term major coalitions in addition to the "Great Triad" and the "Three Kings of Big Cities". The most notable ones include:
- Legia Warsaw, Radomiak Radom, Zagłębie Sosnowiec and Olimpia Elbląg
- ŁKS Łódź, Zawisza Bydgoszcz and GKS Tychy
- Arka Gdynia, Zagłębie Lubin and Polonia Bytom

- Arka Gdynia, KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Lech Poznań
- Górnik Zabrze, ROW Rybnik, Concordia Knurów and Wisłoka Dębica
- Ruch Chorzów, Widzew Łódź, Elana Toruń and Wisła Kraków
- Motor Lublin, Górnik Łęczna, Chełmianka Chełm and Hetman Zamość. Although not in the "Eastern Horde" it is a popular football club from the east. Sometimes collectively called the "Eastern Horde" (Wschodnia Horda) or the Eastern coalition as the three clubs are one of the furthest towards the east of the country
- Zawisza Bydgoszcz, Górnik Wałbrzych and GKS Tychy
- Hetman Włoszczowa, Alit Ożarów and Orlicz Suchedniów
- Stal Mielec, Sandecja Nowy Sącz and Czarni Jasło
- GKS Tychy, Cracovia, Sandecja Nowy Sącz
- Stomil Olsztyn, Hutnik Kraków, Wisła Płock
These coalitions mean that although each club has its own rivalries and derbies, on the basis of "my friend's friend is my friend too" and "my friend's enemy is my enemy too", they add a lot of rivalries and derbies as very often, fans from all of the coalition clubs are present at a certain team's matches.

Most popular local derbies

 The Holy War (Kraków) (Święta Wojna) is a match between Wisła Kraków and Cracovia - multiple Polish champions, the two biggest clubs in Kraków and reportedly the oldest existing ones in Poland, both founded in 1906. The term "Holy War" was coined by the defender from KS Cracovia, Ludwik Gintel. The "Holy War" is one of the oldest (first friendly in 1908, first official game in 1913) and most played Polish derbies (over 100 official games). The rivalry is also considered the fiercest in Poland and one of the most intense in Central Europe. It is also the theme of a song devoted to their never-ending shenanigans, played by Andrusy.
 Great Silesian Derby (Wielkie Derby Śląska) is a derby between the two most successful Polish teams, 14-time national champions, both based in the Upper Silesian urban area: Górnik Zabrze and Ruch Chorzow. It is the most contested Polish derby (120 official games).

 Warsaw Derby between the most successful teams from Poland's capital: Legia Warsaw and Polonia Warsaw. It dates back to 1921 and currently both teams have won 29 times.
 Łódź Derby between ŁKS Łódź and Widzew Łódź - one of the fiercest derbies, first played in 1926.
 Tricity Derby between Arka Gdynia and Lechia Gdańsk - the most successful clubs from Tricity. It is the biggest derby of northern Poland. In the past, matches between Lechia Gdańsk and Bałtyk Gdynia were also considered the Tricity Derby.
 Great Lwów Derby played between the oldest Polish clubs Pogoń Lwów and Czarni Lwów. It was one of the most contested and prestigious derbies of Poland prior to World War II. Also considered to be one of the oldest Polish derbies (first friendly in 1907, first official game in 1912).
 Rzeszów Derby between Resovia and Stal Rzeszów is one of the most contested Polish derbies (80+ official games). Even though it was never played in the highest division, it is considered a very intense rivalry.

Other derbies held in the top division
Gdynia Derby between Arka Gdynia and Bałtyk Gdynia is the oldest Tricity rivalry dating back to 1931 (first friendly match).
Bydgoszcz Derby between Polonia Bydgoszcz and Zawisza Bydgoszcz is a fierce rivalry between two Bydgoszcz teams, dating back to 1948 (first official match).
Poznań Derby between Lech Poznań and Warta Poznań. Unusual in the fact that the cross-city rivalry does not provoke any tensions between the two groups of supporters due to historical differences in performance and the fact that many locals would watch both teams. Warta's golden years were the 1920s and the club won its last national championship in 1947, while Lech made its first Ekstraklasa appearance in 1948 and won its first ever championship in 1983.
Lower Silesian Derby between Śląsk Wrocław and Zagłębie Lubin - the two largest teams in Lower Silesia, both Polish champions.

Upper Silesian derbies - Upper Silesia has a large number of professional teams and any match between the following teams can be considered to be an "Upper Silesian Derby": GKS Katowice, GKS Tychy, GKS Jastrzębie, Górnik Zabrze, Odra Wodzisław, Piast Gliwice, Polonia Bytom, ROW Rybnik, Ruch Chorzów, Ruch Radzionków, Szombierki Bytom. The most significant derbies include:
Bytom Derby between Polonia Bytom and Szombierki Bytom (and Ruch Radzionków in the past) - traditionally between Polonia and Szombierki, the two championship-winning Bytom teams, however Radzionków used to be a part of Bytom and part of Polonia's fanbase is located in Radzionków.
Chorzów Derby or Silesian Holy War between Ruch Chorzów and AKS Chorzów - a historic derby which used to be one of the fiercest rivalries in pre-war Poland
Old Silesian Derby between Polonia Bytom and Ruch Chorzów - both teams are amongst the oldest in Upper Silesia and they are also the two first Silesian teams to win the Polish championship (Ruch in 1933, Polonia in 1954). Bytom and Chorzów are neighboring cities in the central part of the Upper Silesian urban area. At 80 official games, it is also the second most contested Silesian derby after the Great Silesian Derby.
The Silesian Classic (Śląski Klasyk) between Górnik Zabrze and GKS Katowice, with over 70 official matches played since the 1960s, is a popular rivalry since the 1980s, when both teams competed for the highest domestic trophies. It does not invoke the same levels of tension as the other Silesian derbies. Both teams share a very intense rivalry against Ruch Chorzów.
GKS Katowice vs. Ruch Chorzów - a very fierce rivalry between clubs based in the neighboring cities of Katowice and Chorzów.
Gliwice-Zabrze derby between Piast Gliwice and Górnik Zabrze - Gliwice and Zabrze are neighboring cities in the western part of the Upper Silesian urban area.
GieKSa Derby between GKS Katowice and GKS Tychy is a local derby between two sides who use the nickname GieKSa, which refers to the prefix "GKS" which stands for "Mining Sports Club" (Górniczy Klub Sportowy).
Hanysy vs. Gorole (Silesian: Hanysy - "Silesians", Gorole - "non-Silesians") between any club with Silesian identity vs. any club from the Dąbrowa Basin which itself is part of the Upper Silesian urban area but is historically considered a part of Lesser Poland. Teams, who identify themselves as Silesians include GKS Katowice, GKS Tychy, GKS Jastrzębie, Górnik Zabrze, Odra Wodzisław, Piast Gliwice, Polonia Bytom, ROW Rybnik, Ruch Chorzów, Ruch Radzionków, and Szombierki Bytom while the Gorole clubs include Zagłębie Sosnowiec, Szczakowianka Jaworzno and Victoria Jaworzno. Clubs from southernmost parts of the Silesian Voivodeship, such as Góral Żywiec, and the two Bielsko-Biała clubs, Podbeskidzie and BKS Stal, are also not seen as Silesian by others in the region. Furthermore, BKS Stal and Zagłębie Sosnowiec have a mutual friendship with the deeply unpopular among Silesians Legia Warsaw, as well as each other.
Minor Krakow Derbies - Hutnik Nowa Huta vs. Cracovia or Wisła Kraków vs. Garbarnia Kraków - apart from the "Holy War", matches between Hutnik and the other two sides are also considered Kraków derbies and are fierce rivalries. Due to Garbarnia's lack of sporting success and a small supporter presence, the derby is considered to be mostly of a historical nature.
Szczecin Derby - a now historic derby between Pogoń Szczecin and Arkonia Szczecin, last played in 1981.
Greater Poland Derby - a now historic derby between Lech Poznań and Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski. Amica Wronki also used to contest this derby until the latter two clubs were disbanded.

Other derbies by region

Northern Poland: Pomerania and Cuiavia
Cuiavian-Pomeranian Derby - Elana Toruń vs. Polonia Bydgoszcz or Zawisza Bydgoszcz - Bydgoszcz and Toruń share a rivalry which goes even beyond sporting competition
Gdańsk Derby - Lechia Gdańsk vs. Gedania Gdańsk vs. Stoczniowiec Gdańsk
Great Pomeranian Football Derby - Gwardia Koszalin vs. Gryf Słupsk vs. Kotwica Kołobrzeg
Kaszubian Derby - Kaszubia Kościerzyna vs. Cartusia Kartuzy
Koszalin Derby - Bałtyk Koszalin vs. Gwardia Koszalin
Słupsk Voivodeship Derby - Gryf Słupsk vs. Pogoń Lębork
Szczecinek Derby - Darzbór Szczecinek vs. Wielim Szczecinek
Tczew Derby - Unia Tczew vs. Wisła Tczew
Włocławek Derby - Kujawiak Włocławek vs. Włocłavia Włocławek

Central Poland: Greater Poland, Mazovia, Lubusz Voivodeship, Łódź Voivodeship
The Great Derby of Greater Poland - KKS Kalisz vs. Górnik Konin or Ostrovia Ostrów Wielkopolski - fans from Kalisz do not consider themselves to belong to Greater Poland causing tension with nearby fans from Konin and Ostrów Wielkopolski.
Greater Poland Derby between Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski and Błękitni Wronki - before the reactivation of the football side by Amica, this derby used to be a high-profile game for the fans in Wronki. It later became a rivalry between Groclin and Amica Wronki. Both sides also used to play Lech Poznań to contest this derby when all three teams were playing in the Ekstraklasa.
Szamotuły County Derby - Błękitni Wronki vs. Sparta Szamotuły - one of the oldest lower league derbies, as both teams are based in the Szamotuły County. Since 30 May 1976, when Sparta beat Błękitni 10-0 away from home, the teams have met only sporadically, with Amica Wronki replacing Błękitni between 1993 and 2007. Since Amica's disbandment and the re-founding of Błękitni, the rivalry has been renewed in the lower leagues
Łodź Voivodeship Derby - GKS Bełchatów vs. RKS Radomsko - it can also refer to these two sides against any of the two Łódź teams, ŁKS or Widzew
Minor Warsaw Derby - any match between Gwardia Warszawa, Hutnik Warszawa and RKS Ursus.
Włochy Derby is a rivalry between two clubs based in the Włochy district of Warsaw - Okęcie Warszawa and Przyszłość Włochy
Lubusz Voivodeship Derby - Stilon Gorzów Wielkopolski vs. Lechia Zielona Góra
Lubusz Land Derby - Polonia Słubice vs. Celuloza Kostrzyn
Eastern Łódź Voivodeship derby: Pelikan Łowicz vs. Unia Skierniewice

South-eastern Poland including Lesser Poland

Częstochowa Derby - Raków Częstochowa vs. Skra Częstochowa
Dębica Derby - Igloopol Dębica vs. Wisłoka Dębica
Great Subcarpathian Derby - Siarka Tarnobrzeg vs. Stal Stalowa Wola
Holy Cross Voivodeship Derby (Derby Świętokrzyskie) between Korona Kielce and KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski - two best teams in the Holy Cross Voivodeship
Jaworzno Derby - Szczakowianka Jaworzno vs. Victoria Jaworzno - Szczakowianka are based in Szczakowa, Jaworzno, whereas Victoria are based in the Skałka district of Jaworzno.
Kielce Derby - a now historic derby between Korona Kielce and Błękitni Kielce
Lublin Derby - Motor Lublin vs. KS Lublinianka
Lublin Voivodeship Derby - Motor Lublin vs. Avia Świdnik
Oświęcim Derby between Unia Oświęcim and Soła Oświęcim
Przemyśl Derby - Czuwaj Przemyśl vs. Polonia Przemyśl
Radom Derby between Broń Radom and Radomiak Radom
Southern Subcarpathian Derby - Karpaty Krosno vs. Stal Sanok or Czarni 1910 Jasło - matches against Stal are alternatively called the Krosnian derby (after the old Krosno Voivodeship), sometimes erroneously called the Bieszczady Derby even though neither town lies in the mountains. The derby match against Czarni Jasło is alternatively called the Krosno-Jasło derby (Derby Jasła/Krosna)
Steelworks derbies - Hutnik Kraków vs. KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski vs. Stal Stalowa Wola - called Hutnicze derby in Polish, between the three south-eastern teams associated with steelworks who frequently play each other.
Tarnów Derby between Tarnovia Tarnów and Unia Tarnów
Zamość Voivodeship derby - Hetman Zamość vs. Łada Biłgoraj

South-western Poland: Upper and Lower Silesia
Wałbrzych Derby - Górnik Wałbrzych vs. Zagłębie Wałbrzych
Wrocław Derby - Śląsk Wrocław vs. Ślęza Wrocław
Bielsko-Biała Derby - BKS Bielsko-Biała vs. Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała
Copper Basin Derby - Miedź Legnica vs. Zagłębie Lubin
Katowice Derby - GKS Katowice vs. Rozwój Katowice
Opole-Wrocław derby - Odra Opole vs. Śląsk Wrocław
Opole Voivodeship Derby - Odra Opole vs. MKS Kluczbork or Chemik Kędzierzyn-Koźle
Northern Lower Silesian derby - Chrobry Głogów vs. Miedź Legnica or Zagłębie Lubin
Ruda Śląska Derby - Urania Ruda Śląska vs. Grunwald Ruda Śląska vs. Slavia Ruda Śląska

North-eastern Poland
Elbląg Derby - Olimpia Elbląg vs. Concordia Elbląg
Olsztyn Derby - Stomil Olsztyn vs. Warmia Olsztyn
Podlaskie Voivodeship Derby - Jagiellonia Białystok vs. ŁKS Łomża or vs. Warmia Grajewo
Warmian Derby - Jeziorak Iława vs. OKS Stomil Olsztyn
Mazur Derby - Mazur Ełk vs. Mazur Pisz

Basketball
Basketball Derby of Poland - Anwil Włocławek vs. Śląsk Wrocław
Pomeranian Derby - AZS Koszalin vs. Czarni Słupsk
Łódź Derby - ŁKS Łódź vs. Widzew Łódź
Lower Silesian Derby - Śląsk Wrocław vs. Turów Zgorzelec
Tricity Basketball Derby - Asseco Gdynia vs. Trefl Sopot
Warsaw Derby - Polonia Warsaw vs. Legia Warsaw
Wrocław Derby - Śląsk Wrocław vs. Gwardia Wrocław

Handball
Handball Derby of Poland - PGE Vive Kielce vs. Wisła Płock - two most successful teams in Poland.
Lower Silesian derby: Śląsk Wrocław vs. Zagłębie Lubin
Copper Basin derby: Miedź Legnica (pl) vs. Zagłębie Lubin
Greater Poland derbies: Grunwald Poznań vs. Nielba Wągrowiec vs. Wolsztyniak Wolsztyn

Ice hockey
Katowice Derby - GKS Katowice vs. Naprzód Janów
Silesian Hockey Derby - any match between GKS Tychy, GKS Katowice, GKS Jastzębie, Naprzód Janów, Polonia Bytom and Zagłębie Sosnowiec
Lesser Poland Hockey Derby - any match between Podhale Nowy Targ, Cracovia, KTH Krynica and Unia Oświęcim
Pomeranian Derby - TKH Toruń vs. Stoczniowiec Gdańsk
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Derby - a now historic derby between TKH Toruń and Polonia Bydgoszcz

Motorcycle speedway

Pomeranian-Kuyavian Derby between (in Polish Derby Pomorza i Kujaw) between Polonia Bydgoszcz and KS Toruń - the most successful teams of northern Poland, multiple Polish champions
The Derby of the Lubusz Voivodeship between Stal Gorzów and Falubaz Zielona Góra - Also known in English as the Lubusz Derby (pol. Derby Lubuskie is one of the most fiercely contested traditional Polish derbies.
Southern Derby between Unia Tarnów and Stal Rzeszów
Greater Poland Derby between Start Gniezno and Unia Leszno
Pomeranian Speedway Derby between GKM Grudziądz and Wybrzeże Gdańsk
Southern Greater Poland Speedway Derby: Ostrovia Ostrów Wlkp. vs. Unia Leszno

Rugby union
Tricity Rugby Derby - RC Arka Gdynia vs. RC Lechia Gdańsk
Poznań Rugby Derby - Chaos Poznań vs. Posnania Poznań

Volleyball
The Holy War (Święta Wojna) - ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle vs. AZS Częstochowa
Opole Voivodeship Derby - ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle vs. Stal Nysa

References

Sports fandom
Sports rivalries
Poland sport-related lists


title: PÜR Gum

text:
PUR Gum is a brand of aspartame-free gum produced by The PUR Company Inc. and founded in 2010 by Jay Klein in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PUR gum and mints are manufactured in Switzerland, distributed in Canada, and sold in over 25 countries worldwide. PUR gum and mints are also sold through online outlets such as Amazon. The PUR Company Inc. uses the slogan "Kick Aspartame" to promote their sugar-free and aspartame-free products.

History
In 2010, entrepreneur Jay Klein aimed to create a chewing gum that was vegan, gluten-free, nut/soy-free, allergen-free, and aspartame-free. The result was naturally sweetened PUR Gum that contains no additives or chemicals and is non-GMO.
Klein decided to sweeten the chewing gum with xylitol so it would be a healthy choice for diabetics, pregnant women, people with dietary sensitivities, and any person seeking to avoid chemicals.

Klein marketed his product first in the Greater Toronto Area by starting small and going door-to door, "running for mayor". Then they expanded to the rest of Canada and major U.S. metropolitan areas, where “health hubs” – areas with significant markets for health food products – could be found. However, PUR's popularity started to take off after a chain of airport duty-free shops started carrying the product, which made the brand gain international popularity that spread virally through airports and other channels. The number of international markets grew from three, to six, to ten, and then over 25.

In 2014, PUR Gum made an appearance on CBC's Dragon's Den, asking for $1 million in exchange for a 10% equity stake, valuing the company at $10 million. Three Dragons made offers and Jay Klein accepted an on-air deal with Jim Treliving and Arlene Dickinson.

In 2016, The PUR Company became Canada's 10th Fastest-Growing Company and Toronto's 4th Fastest-Growing Company with 5-year revenue growth of 5,496 percent. On the Profit 500 2016 list, The PUR Company ranked #10 overall and #1 in the Manufacturing and Distributing Category.

Bubblegum and Chocolate Mint were the newest flavors that the company has launched in 2016.

Products
Chewing gum
 Cinnamon
 Coolmint
 Peppermint
 Spearmint
 Wintergreen
 Pomegranate Mint
Chocolate Mint
Bubblegum

Mints
 Mojito Lime Mint
 Peppermint
 Polar Mint
 Spearmint
 Tangerine Tango

References

External links
 Official website

Products introduced in 2010
Chewing gum
Canadian brands


title: The Yorkshire Grey

text:
The Yorkshire Grey was a common name for public houses in England, some still survive but most have now closed or changed their name. They were named for the Yorkshire Grey Horse, a breed commonly used to pull brewery drays.

Extant public houses

Biggleswade
140 London Road, Biggleswade

Camden, London
At the corner of Grays Inn Road and Theobald's Road in Bloomsbury, Camden, London, situated to the north of Gray's Inn. It is a Grade II listed building, built in 1877 by J. W. Brooker. The pub was established in 1676 and was historically in the county of Middlesex. The Amalgamated Society of Gentleman's Servants once met at The Yorkshire Grey inn in the late 18th century, although Hart Street is mentioned as the location and it is possibly a different pub. In 1848 it was owned by an  Oliver Waterloo King. It serves Scotch and Japanese whiskies and traditional English pub grub.

Doncaster
Located at 16-17 Hall Gate, Doncaster.

Earl's Croome, Worcestershire
Located on A38.

Westminster, London
See main article Yorkshire Grey, Fitzrovia

Extinct public houses

Brentwood
Now a Giggling Squid restaurant at 33 High Street.

Cambridge
In the 19th century at 64 King Street

Coggeshall
Now a dental surgery.

Croome
Renamed The Elgar Inn.

Eltham, London
Constructed in the 1920s on the Eltham Road (now South Circular) between Eltham and Lee. Closed in 1994 it became a McDonald's restaurant.

Portsmouth
Corner of Guildhall Walk and Alex Rose Ln.  Grade II listed.  Now the 'Guildhall Village'

Stevenage
A Grade II listed building at 17 High Street. Now an ASK Italian restaurant.

Sheffield
Built in 1833 at 69 Charles Street, Sheffield, closed in 2006 and later demolished.

Winson Green, Birmingham
Now Lokman Sofrasi a Turkish restaurant.

References

External links
Yorkshire Grey Biggleswade
Yorkshire Grey Doncaster
Yorkshire Grey London

1676 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Bloomsbury
Pubs in the London Borough of Camden
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden


title: Holborn Bars

text:
Holborn Bars, also known as the Prudential Assurance Building is a large red terracotta Victorian building on the north side (138–142) of Holborn in Camden at the boundary of the City of London, England. The block is bounded by Holborn to the south, Brooke Street to the west, Leather Lane to the east and Beauchamp Street to the north. It is currently occupied by De Vere Venues and also the London office of English Heritage at 1 Waterhouse Square.

History
Located close to the Holborn Bar city boundary of the City of London Holborn Bars was built on the site of the former Furnival's Inn building of the Inns of Chancery. It was designed in Gothic Revival style for the Prudential Assurance Society by architects initially  Alfred Waterhouse and his son Paul Waterhouse who became a partner in his father's firm from 1891, and built by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts in phases between 1876 and 1901. The interior design of the main entrance hall was completed in 1906.

The building was modified between 1930 and 1932 by E. M. Joseph, who introduced Art Deco features, and expanded again in 1993 by EPR Architects to a floor area of 34,931 square metres. Prudential moved out of the building in 1999 but retained ownership of it.

Description
The building originally featured a library, restaurant, chapel, hall, rooftop promenade and a women's entrance. It was electrically lit and featured hot running water. The complex now encloses a courtyard, Waterhouse Square, named after the original architect. The building was listed Grade II* on 3 March 1972.

Tenants

Tenants include:
 Public Relations firm Weber Shandwick
 Law firm Gowling WLG
 WeWork
 ITV

References

External links

 Images and tenants

Alfred Waterhouse buildings
Buildings and structures completed in 1901
Gothic Revival architecture in London
Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
Mass media company headquarters in the United Kingdom
Office buildings in London


title: 2014 European Darts Trophy

text:
The 2014 European Darts Trophy was the eighth of eight PDC European Tour events on the 2014 PDC Pro Tour. The tournament took place at the Kohlrabizirkus in Leipzig, Germany, between 19–21 September 2014. It featured a field of 48 players and £100,000 in prize money, with £20,000 going to the winner.

After finishing second in the previous European Tour event, Michael Smith won his first European Tour event by beating Michael van Gerwen 6–5 in the final. This tournament ended the 2014 PDC European Tour, with a different winner in each of the eight events.

Prize money

Qualification and format
The top 16 players from the PDC ProTour Order of Merit  on 30 June 2014 automatically qualified for the event. The remaining 32 places went to players from three qualifying events - 20 from the UK Qualifier (held in Coventry on 4 July), eight from the European Qualifier and four from the Host Nation Qualifier (both held at the venue the day before the event started).

Gary Anderson, Phil Taylor, Robert Thornton and Adrian Lewis withdrew from the tournament, therefore the highest-ranked qualifiers - Terry Jenkins, Michael Smith, Andy Hamilton and Wes Newton - become seeded players. To complete the field of 48 players, two additional places in the draw were made available in the European Qualifier and the Home Nation Qualifier. All seeds receive a bye into the second round.

The following players took part in the tournament:

Top 16
  Michael van Gerwen (runner-up)
  Brendan Dolan (third round)
  Dave Chisnall (second round)
  Peter Wright (quarter-finals)
  Ian White (third round)
  Kim Huybrechts (third round)
  Steve Beaton (second round)
  Simon Whitlock (quarter-finals)
  Mervyn King (second round)
  Vincent van der Voort (third round)
  Justin Pipe (quarter-finals)
  Jamie Caven (second round)
  Terry Jenkins (third round)
  Michael Smith (winner)
  Andy Hamilton (semi-finals)
  Wes Newton (third round)

UK Qualifier
  Ronnie Baxter (first round)
  Stephen Bunting (first round)
  Richie Burnett (first round)
  Ricky Evans (first round)
  Andrew Gilding (second round)
  James Hubbard (first round)
  Mickey Mansell (first round)
  Shaun Narain (second round)
  William O'Connor (second round)
  Kevin Painter (second round)
  Gerwyn Price (quarter-finals)
  Andy Smith (second round)
  Ross Smith (second round)
  James Wade (first round)
  Steve West (second round)
  Dean Winstanley (semi-finals)

European Qualifier
  Ronny Huybrechts (second round)
  Mensur Suljović (first round)
  Roxy-James Rodriguez (third round)
  Gino Vos (first round)
  Raymond van Barneveld (second round)
  Christian Kist (first round)
  Jelle Klaasen (third round)
  Ryan de Vreede (second round)
  Dimitri Van den Bergh (first round)
  Dirk van Duijvenbode (first round)

Host Nation Qualifier
  Bernd Roith (first round)
  Max Hopp (first round)
  Michael Hurtz (second round)
  Jyhan Artut (second round)
  Tomas Seyler (first round)
  Michael Rosenauer (first round)

Draw

References

2014 PDC European Tour
2014 in German sport


title: Asilmetta

text:
Asilmetta ("Asella Metta") is a neighborhood in Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. In the olden days, the government collected taxes (''Asellu'' in Telugu) in this area and hence, the name Asilmetta.

Commerce
This is one of the busiest commercial areas in Visakhapatnam City. It is a hub for many shopping malls, educational institutes, food courts, and restaurants. The Sampath Vinayagar Temple is located here. Dwaraka Bus Station is close to this area.

Transport
APSRTC buses are accessible to any part of the city. Dwaraka Bus Station is very close to this area.

Gallery

References

Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam


title: Always (MK song)

text:
"Always" is a song by American producer MK featuring Alana. It was released in November 1992 as the lead single from their debut album. The song reached number-one on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart in February 1993 It was released in the UK in January 1995 and subsequently reached number 69 on the UK Singles Chart.

Weekly charts

Route 94 remix

In 2013, the song was remixed by Route 94. The remix entered the UK Singles Chart at number 12 after its re-release in 2014.

Weekly charts

Certifications

References

1992 singles
1992 songs
MK (DJ) songs
Charisma Records singles
Songs written by Marc Kinchen


title: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour

text:
Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (; 10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as the Count of Cavour ( ;  ) or simply Cavour, was an Italian politician, businessman, economist and noble, and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Giuseppe Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first Prime Minister of Italy; he died after only three months in office and did not live to see the Roman Question solved through the complete unification of the country after the Capture of Rome in 1870.

Cavour put forth several economic reforms in his native region of Piedmont, at that time part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in his earlier years and founded the political newspaper Il Risorgimento. After being elected to the Chamber of Deputies, he quickly rose in rank through the Piedmontese government, coming to dominate the Chamber of Deputies through a union of centre-left and centre-right politicians. After a large rail system expansion program, Cavour became prime minister in 1852. As prime minister, Cavour successfully negotiated Piedmont's way through the Crimean War, the Second Italian War of Independence, and Garibaldi's Expedition of the Thousand, managing to maneuver Piedmont diplomatically to become a new great power in Europe, controlling a nearly united Italy that was five times as large as Piedmont had been before he came to power. Cavour was a Freemason of the Italian Symbolic Rite.

English historian Denis Mack Smith says Cavour was the most successful parliamentarian in Italian history, but he was not especially democratic. Cavour was often dictatorial, ignored his ministerial colleagues and parliament, and interfered in parliamentary elections. He also practiced trasformismo and other policies which were carried over into post-Risorgimento Italy.

Biography

Early life
Cavour was born in Turin during Napoleonic rule, into a family which had acquired estates during the French occupation. He was the second of two sons of Michele Giuseppe Francesco Antonio Benso, 4th Marquess of Cavour and Count of Isolabella and Leri, Lord of Corveglia, Dusino, Mondonio, Ottiglio and Ponticelli, Co-Lord of Castagnole, Cellarengo and Menabi, Cereaglio, Chieri, San Salvatore Monferrato, Santena and Valfenera, 1st Baron of the French Empire (1781–1850), and his wife (1805) Adélaïde (Adèle) Suzanne, Marchioness of Sellon (1780–1846), herself of French origin. His godparents were Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camillo Borghese, after whom Camillo was named.

Camillo and his older brother Gustavo were initially educated at home. He was sent to the Turin Military Academy when he was only ten years old. In July 1824 he was named a page to Charles Albert, the King of Piedmont (1831–1849). Cavour frequently ran afoul of the authorities in the academy, as he was too headstrong to deal with the rigid military discipline. He was once forced to live three days on bread and water because he had been caught with books that the academy had banned. He was found to be apt at the mathematical disciplines, and was therefore enlisted in the Engineer Corps in the Royal Sardinian Army in 1827. While in the army, he studied the English language as well as the works of Jeremy Bentham and Benjamin Constant, developing liberal tendencies which made him suspect to police forces at the time. He resigned his commission in the army in November 1831, both because of boredom with military life and because of his dislike of the reactionary policies of King Charles Albert. He administered the family estate at Grinzane, some forty kilometers outside the capital, serving as mayor there from 1832 to the revolutionary upheaval of 1848.

Cavour then lived for a time in Switzerland, with his relatives in Geneva. He then traveled to Paris where he was impressed by parliamentary debates, especially those of François Guizot and Adolphe Thiers, confirming his devotion to a political career. He next went to London, where he was much more disappointed by British politics, and toured the country, visiting Oxford, Liverpool, Birmingham, Chester, Nottingham, and Manchester. A quick tour through the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland (the German part and the Lake Geneva area) eventually landed him back in Turin.

Cavour believed that economic progress had to precede political change, and stressed the advantages of railroad construction in the peninsula. He was a strong supporter of transportation by steam engine, sponsoring the building of many railroads and canals. Between 1838 and 1842 Cavour began several initiatives in attempts to solve economic problems in his area. He experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as growing sugar beets, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers. He also founded the Piedmontese Agricultural Society. In his spare time, he again traveled extensively, mostly in France and the United Kingdom.

Early political career

The first apparently liberal moves of Pope Pope Pius IX and the Revolutions of 1848 spawned a new movement of Italian liberalism, allowing Cavour to enter the political arena, no longer in fear of the police. He then gave a speech in front of numerous journalists in favor of a constitution for Piedmont, which was eventually granted. Cavour, unlike several other political thinkers, was not at first offered a position in the new Chamber of Deputies, as he was still a somewhat suspicious character to the nation.

Cavour never planned for the establishment of a united country, and even later during his premiership his objective was to expand Piedmont with the annexation of Lombardy and Venetia, rather than a unified Italy. For example, during the conservative period, he gained a reputation as a non-revolutionary progressive. He was a poor public speaker.  Cavour then lost the next election, while the Piedmontese army was destroyed at the Battle of Novara, leading Charles Albert to abdicate, passing the throne to his son, Victor Emmanuel II.

Cavour was then brought back into Parliament by the voters, where he was much more successful. His knowledge of European markets and modern economics earned him the positions of Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Commerce, and Minister of the Navy in 1850. Cavour soon came to dominate the cabinet of Prime Minister Massimo d'Azeglio.  Cavour united the Right Center and the Left Center in the chamber to show dominance there as well. In 1851, Cavour gained a Cabinet promotion to Minister of Finance  by working against his colleague from inside the Cabinet in a somewhat disreputable takeover, although this was to Piedmont's advantage because of his many economic reforms. It allowed Cavour to begin his railway expansion program, giving Piedmont 800 kilometres of track by the year 1860, one third of the railways in Italy at the time.  He took the lead in legislation weakening the powers of the Church to own land, control the schools and supervise marriage laws.  When the bishops protested, they were punished or exiled, making Cavour the hero of liberal anticlerical elements across Italy.

Prime Minister of Piedmont–Sardinia

Cavour formed a coalition with Urbano Rattazzi known as the Connubio ("marriage"), uniting the moderate men of the Right and of the Left, and brought about the fall of the d'Azeglio cabinet in November 1852. The King reluctantly accepted Cavour as prime minister, the most conservative possible choice, but their relationship was never an easy one.

Cavour was generally liberal and believed in free trade, freedom of opinion, and secular rule, but he was an enemy of republicans and revolutionaries, whom he feared as disorganized radicals who would upset the social order. Cavour dominated debate in Parliament but is criticized for the controversial methods he used while Prime Minister, including excessive use of emergency powers, employing friends, bribing some newspapers while suppressing others, and rigging elections, though these were fairly common practices for the time. The national debt soared by a factor of six because of his heavy spending on modernizing projects, especially railways, and building up the army and the Royal Sardinian Navy. When he became Prime Minister Piedmont had just suffered a major defeat by Austria, but when he died, Victor Emmanuel II ruled a state five times as large, which dominated Italy and ranked among Europe's great powers.

The allied powers of Britain and France asked Piedmont to enter the Crimean War, partially to encourage Austria to enter, which it would not do unless it was certain that Piedmontese troops were not available to attack Austrian positions in Italy. Cavour, who hoped that the allies would support Piedmont's expansion in Italy, agreed as soon as his colleagues' support would allow and entered the war on 10 January 1855. This was too late to truly distinguish themselves militarily, but the 18,000 man contingent earned Piedmont a position at the Congress of Paris that ended the war.

In January 1858, the Italian Felice Orsini's attempted assassination of Napoleon III paradoxically opened an avenue of diplomacy between France and Piedmont. While in jail awaiting trial, Orsini wrote a public letter to the Emperor of the French, ending with, "Remember that, so long as Italy is not independent, the peace of Europe and Your Majesty is but an empty dream... Set my country free, and the blessings of twenty-five million people will follow you everywhere and forever." Orsini was still executed, but Napoleon III began to explore the possibility of joint operation with Piedmont against Austria. Cavour and Napoleon met in July 1858 at Plombières-les-Bains, and the two agreed that Piedmont would attempt to provoke war with the Duchy of Modena, obliging Austria to enter, and France would then aid Piedmont. In return, Cavour reluctantly agreed to cede Savoy (the seat of the Piedmontese royal family) and the County of Nice to France, and also arranged a royal marriage between Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy and Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte, surprisingly without Victor Emmanuel's consent.
In the same year, Cavour sent his cousin, the famous beauty, photographic artist, and secret agent Virginia Oldoïni, to further the interests of Italian unification with the emperor by whatever means possible, and by all accounts she succeeded, famously becoming the mistress of Napoleon.

Both France and Piedmont began to prepare for war, but diplomatic support diminished rapidly. Napoleon III quickly soured on the plot, and Britain, Prussia, and Russia proposed an international congress, with one likely goal the disarmament of Piedmont. Piedmont was saved by Austria's sending an ultimatum on 23 April, demanding that Piedmont disarm itself, thus casting Austria as an aggressor. France mobilised and slowly began to enter Italy, but Piedmont needed to defend itself for a short period. Fortunately, rainstorms and Austrian indecision under Ferenc Gyulay gave time for France to arrive in force.

The battles of Magenta and Solferino left Franco-Piedmontese forces in control of Lombardy, but the Austrians remained confident of defending their "fortress quadrilateral" area, with four fortresses in Verona, Legnago, Peschiera, and Mantua. These defenses, the horrors of the Battle of Solferino, the possibility of Prussian entry into the war, and the potential for an over-strong Piedmontese state convinced Napoleon to sign a separate peace with Austria in the Armistice of Villafranca on 11 July 1859, ending the Second Italian War of Independence. Victor Emmanuel accepted the peace, but Cavour was so infuriated after reading the terms of the treaty that he tendered his resignation. He soon regained his optimism, however, as several of the terms, such as the restoration to power of the rulers of Tuscany and Modena, and the establishment of an Italian Confederation including Austria, were not actually carried out.

Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora succeeded to Cavour's post and insisted on following the treaty terms, even sending a letter to Tuscany asking that they restore their Grand Duke. Bettino Ricasoli, virtual dictator of Tuscany at the time, wrote about this appeal to his brother, saying: "Tell General La Marmora that I have torn his letter into a thousand pieces." France continued direct talks with Piedmont on the destiny of the central Italian states, all of whose provisional governments supported unification with Piedmont but were restrained by the treaty, which called for the restoration of their old rulers.

Cavour had retired to his estate at Leri, out of politics but concerned about the King's alliance with Garibaldi's revolutionaries and his desire to renew the war with Austria without allied support. When the weak La Marmora cabinet resigned, Victor Emmanuel was reluctant to have Cavour as premier again due both to their quarrel over the Armistice of Villafranca and Cavour's success in preventing the king from marrying his mistress after the queen's death. But Cavour was sent for on 20 January 1860.

Cavour agreed with Napoleon to cede Savoy and Nice to France, in order to annex Tuscany and Emilia to Piedmont. Plebiscites were arranged with huge majorities in all these provinces to approve the changes. Cavour managed to convince most that uniting Italy would make up for these territorial losses. With this, the first stage of unification was completed. It was now up to Garibaldi to overthrow the Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and bring southern Italy into Piedmont's control.

Garibaldi was furious that his birthplace, Nice, had been ceded to France, and wished to recapture the city, but a popular insurrection in Palermo on 4 April 1860 diverted him southward. He requested a brigade of Piedmontese to take Sicily, but Cavour refused. So instead, Garibaldi raised a force of a thousand (I Mille) redshirt volunteers. They landed at Marsala in Sicily on 11 May and won the battles of Calatafimi and Milazzo, gaining control of Sicily. Cavour attempted to annex Sicily to Piedmont, but Garibaldi and his comrade Francesco Crispi would not allow it.

Cavour persuaded Victor Emmanuel to write a letter to Garibaldi, requesting that he not invade the mainland; the letter was indeed sent, but the King secretly wished Garibaldi to invade. He wrote another letter asking him to go ahead, but this was apparently never sent. Cavour meanwhile attempted to stir up a liberal revolution in Naples, but the populace was unreceptive. Garibaldi invaded, attempting to reach Naples quickly before Cavour found a way to stop him. On 7 September he entered Naples, at that time the largest city in Italy, and unilaterally declared Victor Emmanuel the King of Italy. Garibaldi was now military dictator of southern Italy and Sicily, and he imposed the Piedmontese constitution but publicly demanded that Cavour be removed, which alienated him slightly from Victor Emmanuel.

Garibaldi was unwilling to stop at this point, and planned an immediate invasion of the Papal States. Cavour feared France in that case would declare war to defend the Pope and successfully stopped Garibaldi from initiating his attack. Garibaldi had been weakened by the Battle of the Volturno, so Cavour quickly invaded the Papal regions of Umbria and Marche. This linked the territories conquered by Piedmont with those taken by Garibaldi. The King met with Garibaldi, who handed over control of southern Italy and Sicily, thus uniting Italy.

The relationship between Cavour and Garibaldi was always fractious: Cavour likened Garibaldi to "a savage" while Garibaldi memorably called Cavour "a low intriguer".

Prime Minister of Italy

In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II declared the Kingdom of Italy, making Cavour Prime Minister of Italy. Cavour had many difficult issues to consider, including how to create a national military, which legal institutions should be retained in what locations, and especially the future of Rome. Most Italians thought Rome must be capital of a united Italy, but this conflicted with the temporal power of the Pope and also the independence of the Church. Cavour believed that Rome should remain the seat of "a free church in a free state", which would maintain its independence but give up temporal power. These issues would become known as the "Roman Question". Still Austrian Venetia was also a problem. Cavour recognized that Venice must be an integral part of Italy but refused to take a stance on how to achieve it, saying "Will the deliverance of Venice come by arms or diplomacy? I do not know. It is the secret of Providence." A motion approving of his foreign policy passed by a huge majority, basically only opposed by left-wing and right-wing extremist groups.

Creating Italy was no easy task, but ruling it proved a worse strain on the Prime Minister. In 1861, at the peak of his career, months of long days coupled with insomnia and constant worry took their toll on Cavour. He fell ill, presumably of malaria, and to make matters worse insisted upon being bled. His regular doctor would have refused, but he was not available; so Cavour was bled several times until it was nearly impossible to draw any blood from him. He was buried in Santena, near Turin.

After his death, Italy would gain Venice in 1866 in the course of the Third Italian War of Independence, connected to the Austro-Prussian War. The Capture of Rome completed the unification of Italy (aside from Trentino and Trieste) in 1870.

Legacy

Today, many Italian cities, including Turin, Trieste, Rome, Florence, and Naples, have important streets, squares, piazzas, and metro stations named after Cavour, as well as Mazzini and Garibaldi. The clipper ship, Camille Cavour, the battleship Conte di Cavour, which fought both in World War I and World War II, and the new Marina Militare aircraft carrier Cavour is also named in his honor.

In 1865, the Collegio dei Nobili, the oldest high school in Turin (founded 1568), and among the oldest and most prominent ones in Italy, was renamed the Liceo Ginnasio statale "Camillo Benso di Cavour" (Liceo classico Cavour).

See also
History of Italy

References

Further reading

 Beales, Derek & Eugenio Biagini. The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. Second Edition. London: Longman, 2002.
 Braun, Martin. "'Great Expectations': Cavour and Garibaldi: 1859–1959.” History Today (Oct. 1959) 9#10 pp 687–692; historiography
 Dal Lago, Enrico. "Lincoln, Cavour, and National Unification: American Republicanism and Italian Liberal Nationalism in Comparative Perspective." Journal of the Civil War Era 3#1 (2013): 85–113.
 Di Scala, Spencer. Italy: From Revolution to Republic, 1700 to the Present. (Boulder, Westview Press, 2004.
 Hearder, Harry. Cavour (1994)  excerpt, a scholarly biography
 Holt, Edgar. The Making of Italy: 1815–1870. New York: Murray Printing Company, 1971.
 Kertzer, David. Prisoner of the Vatican. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004.
 Mack Smith, Denis. Cavour. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985. , a scholarly biography, quite critical of Cavour online review; online review
 Mack Smith, Denis. Italy: A Modern History. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1959.
 Martinengo-Cesaresco, Evelyn, Countess. Cavour, Fratelli Treves, Milano, 1901; Macmillan, London, 1904.
 Murtaugh, Frank M. Cavour and the Economic Modernization of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1991).
 Norwich, John Julius. The Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean. New York: Doubleday, 2006.
  old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859]; volume 2 online covers 1859–62

External links

1810 births
1861 deaths
Politicians from Turin
Nobility from Turin
Counts in Italy
Italian Roman Catholics
Historical Right politicians
Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Prime Ministers of Italy
Foreign ministers of Italy
Deputies of Legislature I of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature II of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature III of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature IV of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature V of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature VI of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature VII of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Deputies of Legislature VIII of the Kingdom of Italy
Italian people of the Italian unification
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour


title: Beekmantown Group

text:
The Beekmantown Group is a late Cambrian to lower–middle Ordovician geologic group that occurs in the eastern Canada (Québec) and northeastern United States, datable from its conodont fauna.  It contains dolomitic sandstones and carbonates from just off land from the palaeocoastline.

The usage of the term is diverse and depends on the state or region in question, and the group encompasses different formations in different regions.  In some states it is considered a formation rather than a group, but the lithology varies by region.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Geologic groups of New Jersey


title: Mallory Jansen

text:
Mallory Jansen is an Australian actress. She co-starred as Madalena in the ABC series Galavant. Following the cancellation of Galavant, she joined the cast of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Aida, Agnes Kitsworth, the human template of the former, and Madame Hydra.

In 2014, she played Helena Christensen in the two-part miniseries INXS: Never Tear Us Apart. She had recurring roles in the ABC Family sitcoms Baby Daddy and Young & Hungry.

Mallory trained in 2011 in New York at Stella Adler Studio of Acting.

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian expatriate actresses in the United States
Australian female models
Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Leithsville Formation

text:
The Leithsville Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Cambrian geology of New Jersey
Cambrian southern paleotemperate deposits


title: Coeymans Limestone

text:
The Coeymans Limestone is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian
period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Devonian geology of New Jersey
Devonian geology of New York (state)


title: Wenonah Formation

text:
The Wenonah Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Cretaceous geology of New Jersey


title: Sandy Hook Formation

text:
The Sandy Hook Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Cretaceous geology of New Jersey
Maastrichtian Stage of North America


title: South Amboy Fire Clay Group

text:
The South Amboy Fire Clay Group is a geologic group in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Geologic groups of New Jersey


title: Tinton Formation

text:
The Tinton Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleocene periods, such as ammonites.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Cretaceous geology of New Jersey


title: Vincentown Formation

text:
The Vincentown Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Paleogene geology of New Jersey
Thanetian Stage


title: Manasquan Formation

text:
The Manasquan Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Paleogene geology of New Jersey


title: Shark River Marl

text:
The Shark River Marl is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Paleogene geology of New Jersey


title: Cape May Formation

text:
The Cape May Formation is a geologic formation in New Jersey. It preserves fossils.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Geologic formations of New Jersey


title: Rancocas Group

text:
The Rancocas Group is a geologic group in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Geologic groups of New Jersey


title: F-89 Scorpion units of the United States Air Force

text:
The Northrop F-89 Scorpion was a subsonic second-generation jet interceptor of the United States Air Force.  After a long development during the postwar era of the late 1940s, it began reaching operational units in the early 1950s.  A stablemate of the North American F-86D Sabre Interceptor, the F-89 replaced the first-generation Lockheed F-94 Starfire interceptor, primarily in the Air Defense Command (ADC).   It was phased out of active service in the late 1950s, being replaced by supersonic McDonnell F-101B Voodoos and Convair F-102A Delta Daggers. interceptors.

Models and service life
 F-89B Scorpion, First production model, 40 produced; first assigned to the 84th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Hamilton AFB, California in June 1951. All transferred to Air National Guard by the end of 1954.
 F-89C Scorpion, Second production model, 164 produced.  First assigned to the 74th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Presque Isle AFB, Maine in January 1952.  All transferred to Air National Guard by the end of 1954.
 F-89D Scorpion, Third (and major) production model, 682 produced. First assigned to the 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Ladd AFB, Alaska in January 1954. All transferred to Air National Guard by the end of 1961.
 F-89H Scorpion, Fourth (and last) production model; adaptation of the missile-armed F-89D to carry the new AIM-4 Falcon air-to-air missile, 156 produced. First assigned to the 445th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Wurtsmith AFB, Michigan in March 1956. All transferred to Air National Guard by September 1959.
 F-89J Scorpion, F-89Ds modified to carry Douglas MB-1 (later AIR-2) Genie nuclear-tipped unguided air-to-air rocket, 350 modified. First assigned to the 54th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, Ellsowrth AFB, South Dakota in July 1957

The last active-duty USAF F-89J was transferred to Air National Guard service by the 57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Keflavik Airport, Iceland in July, 1962.

The Wisconsin Air National Guard 176th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was federalized during the Korean War, receiving F-89Cs in February 1952-while on active duty.  It was returned to state control in November 1952.   Two squadrons of the Wisconsin Air National Guard, the 126th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at General Mitchell Field, Milwaukee and the 176th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Truax Field, Madison were the first ANG units to be equipped with a mixture of F-89B/Cs in September 1954.

The Northrop F-89 Scorpion reached the end of the line of US military service in July 1969 when the Iowa Air National Guard 124th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron retired its last F-89Js.

Squadrons

References

External links

Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force
United States Air National Guard
Military units and formations of the United States Air Force by equipment


title: David des Granges

text:
David des Granges (baptised 1611, d. in or before c.1672) was an Anglo-French miniature painter.

Life
The son of Samson de Granges and his wife Marie Bouvier, he was baptised twice on 24 March 1611, at the French church on Threadneedle Street, and St Ann Blackfriars. He married in 1636 and moved from the parish of St Ann Blackfriars to Long Acre, where he was living again at the end of his life, c.1672.

Des Granges was initially influenced as a miniature painter by John Hoskins and Peter Oliver. Contemporaries attest that he worked also as an engraver, and in oils; he is thought to have been involved in the copying of miniatures, a form of production that became important with the outbreak of the English Civil War and the demand for tokens of loyalty. Des Granges was with Charles II in Scotland in the early 1650s, copying a likeness of Charles by Adriaen Hanneman.

After the English Restoration of 1660, Des Granges was influenced by the court painter Jacob Huysmans, and possibly also Samuel Cooper. He was considered a leading artist of his time, but his authentic works are not now easy to identify.

Notes

External links

1611 births
1672 deaths
17th-century English painters
English male painters
English portrait painters
English engravers
English people of French descent


title: Monmouth Group

text:
The Monmouth Group is a geologic group in New Jersey. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Jersey
 Paleontology in New Jersey

References

Geologic groups of New Jersey


title: James Blair (MP)

text:
James Blair ( 1788 – 9 September 1841) was a Ulster-Scots owner of plantations in the West Indies. He entered Parliament as a Tory in 1818 to protect the interests of slave-owners.
Blair sat in the House of Commons from 1818 to 1830, and later from 1837 to 1841.

When slave-owners were compensated for the abolition of slavery in British colonies in 1833, Blair received the biggest single compensation payment.

Early life
Blair was the son of John Blair of County Armagh in Ireland. However, his family came from Wigtownshire in Scotland, and their business interests were there.

Career as a planter and slave holder
In 1815, his father's brother Lambert Blair left his South American estates jointly to James Blair and his cousin John MacEamon (or MacCamon). These included sugar and cotton plantations in Berbice, Demerara and Surinam.

In 1833, Parliament passed the Slavery Abolition Act, which abolished slavery throughout the British Empire. The Act reconciled two central principles of 19th-century classical liberalism – human liberty and private property – by paying compensation to slave-owners for the loss of their property. The sum allocated in the Act was £20 million, which amounted to 40% of the United Kingdom's annual budget. Owners submitted separate claims for their slave-holdings on separate plantations, and the largest single claim came from Blair. (Others such as John Gladstone made multiple claims which reached a higher total.) For the 1,598 slaves he owned on the Blairmont plantation he had inherited in British Guyana, Blair was awarded £83,530 8 shillings and 11 pennies ().

Career in Parliament
At the 1818 general election, Blair bought a seat in Parliament, in the rotten borough of Saltash in Devon. That seat was bought for one Parliament only from Michael George Prendergast, who had purchased a life interest from the borough's owner James Buller.

At the 1820 general election, Blair was returned for another rotten borough, this time Aldeburgh in Suffolk. It was owned by the Lancashire ironmaster Samuel Walker, who had bought it in 1818 for £39,000 (equivalent to £ in ).

Blair had entered Parliament to defend the slave plantations, and while he voted on conventional Tory lines, he did not speak in the Commons until March 1824, in the debates which followed the Demerara rebellion of 1823. He opposed measures to improve the living and working conditions of slaves. He told the house that the slaves were "as mildly and as humanely managed in Demerara, as in the Islands, or as is compatible with a state of slavery and pressure" and that "there can be no doubt that the revolt in Demerara is to be attributed to the debates which took place in this House last year, and to the notice preceding them". His only other contribution to Parliamentary debates was in 1825, when he supported retaining the preferential tariff on sugar imported from the West Indies. He had been an active member of the London Society of West India Planters and Merchants, attending 33 meetings between 1824 -1829.

Walker's interest in Aldeburgh had been sold in 1822, and at the 1826 election Blair was returned for Minehead in the Fownes Luttrell interest. He continued to take a Tory line, voting against repeal of the Test Acts, against Jewish emancipation, and against Catholic emancipation.

He stood down at the 1830 general election, with hopes of a seat in Wigtownshire. However, he did not return to the Commons for seven years.

Blair did not contest the Wigtownshire seat until 1835, when he was defeated by the incumbent Sir Andrew Agnew, Bt. Agnew retired at the 1837 election, when Blair won the seat by 362 votes to 314 of the Whig Alexander Murray. At the general election in August, Blair lost his seat to the Whig John Hamilton Dalrymple.

Personal life
In 1815, he married Elizabeth Catherine Stopford, youngest daughter of Lieutenant-General Hon Edward Stopford. In 1825, he bought the Penninghame estate in Wigtownshire from a merchant whose business had failed. The estate included the lands of Penninghame, Castle Stewart and Fintalloch.

Death
Blair died less than a month after his defeat in the 1841 election at about age fifty-three.
His will ran to 46 pages and made many bequests, to a total value of £300,000 (equivalent to £ in ).

The bulk of his wealth, including the Penninghame estate, was bequeathed to his brother-in-law William Henry Stopford, a Colonel in the Royal Artillery. In 1842, Colonel Stopford changed his name to Stopford-Blair, and incorporated the Blair coat of arms in his own.

References

External links

1780s births
Year of birth uncertain
1841 deaths
People from County Armagh
People from Dumfries and Galloway
Tory MPs (pre-1834)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1837–1841
Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)
Scottish businesspeople
19th-century Irish businesspeople
Sugar plantation owners
British slave owners
Scottish slave owners
Ulster Scots people
Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833


title: American Sportscopter Ultrasport 496

text:
The American Sportscopter Ultrasport 496 is an American helicopter that was designed and produced by American Sportscopter of Newport News, Virginia. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

Design and development
The Ultrasport 496 is a two-seat trainer development of the Ultrasport 254 and, like that model, is named for its empty weight in pounds. The aircraft was designed to comply with the US Experimental - Amateur-built aircraft rules. It could also have been registered as a FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules exemption trainer. It features a single main rotor, a two-seats in side-by-side configuration enclosed cockpit with optional doors, skid-type landing gear and a four-cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, two-stroke, dual-ignition  Hirth F-30 engine.

The aircraft fuselage is made from composites. Its  diameter two-bladed rotor employs an ATI 012 (VR-7 mod) airfoil at the blade root, transitioning to an ATI 008 (VR-7 mod) airfoil at the tip. The dual controls include cyclic controls mounted from the cockpit ceiling, but are otherwise conventional. The tail rotor is ring-mounted and the horizontal tailplane mounts end-fins for directional stability. A ballistic parachute was a factory option.

The aircraft has an empty weight of  and a gross weight of , giving a useful load of . With full fuel of  the payload for crew and baggage is .

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 60 hours.

Operational history
In June 2014 one example was registered in the United States with the Federal Aviation Administration, although a total of seven had been registered at one time.

Specifications (Ultrasport 496)

See also
List of rotorcraft

References

External links
Official website archive on archive.org
Photo of an American Sportscopter Ultrasport 496

Ultrasport 496
2000s United States sport aircraft
2000s United States helicopters
Homebuilt aircraft
Single-engined piston helicopters


title: Vinton Beckett

text:
Vinton Ruth Beckett (12 June 1923 – 1 November 2018) was a Jamaican track and field athlete who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics, where she was joint fourth in the women's high jump (with Doreen Dredge of Canada), 11th in the women's long jump, and eliminated in the opening round of the women's 80 metres hurdles.

Prior to the Olympics she participated in the 1946 Central American and Caribbean Games, where she won a silver medal in the high jump, behind her compatriot Carmen Phipps. Four years later, at the 1950 edition, she won the high jump event and finished second in the 80 metres hurdles behind another compatriot, Karleen Searchwell. Beckett was born in Kingston, Jamaica.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Olympic athletes for Jamaica
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Jamaican female hurdlers
Jamaican female high jumpers
Athletes from Kingston, Jamaica
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Jamaica
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Jamaica
Competitors at the 1946 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1950 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics


title: Gagarin: First in Space

text:
Gagarin: First in Space a.k.a.. First man In Space () is a 2013 Russian  docudrama biopic about the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, and the 1961 mission of Vostok 1. It was released by Central Partnership theatrically in Russia on June 6, 2013, and in the United Kingdom on DVD on June 23, 2014 by Entertainment One.  The film's running time of 108 minutes approximates the time it took Gagarin to go around the Earth before returning. It stars Yaroslav Zhalnin as Soviet fighter pilot and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The film received mixed reviews, with some critics praising the film's acting, direction and storytelling with others touching on the film's "cheap-looking" visual effects. The film received criticism for its state funding and ignoring the aftermath of the flight.

Plot
On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted off in a Vostok rocket, becoming the first human in space and orbiting Earth for 108 minutes. He was one of the first group of cosmonauts who were selected from over three thousand fighter pilots throughout the Soviet Union.

The legendary top twenty who were selected were the ace of aces and none of the pilots knew which amongst them would make history on the first crewed flight. Once chosen Gagarin is fast-tracked to train for the unknown and the trip of a lifetime.

Whilst strapped into his rocket, Gagarin reflects on his life, which is intercut with the determination of the Russian space team and their untiring efforts to send a man into space.

Cast

Release
The film was released on DVD and Digital Download on June 23, 2014 by Entertainment One.

Reception

The film ignored the rest of Gagarin's life, Daily Telegraph reviewer Martin Chilton said, and his death, for which there are many conspiracy theories. He noted other criticisms of the film as "sanitized", reporting that Gagarin's family supported the film, after having taken legal action against two previous depictions of Gagarin, in a musical and a fictional drama.

References

External links
 Gagarin. Pervyy v kosmose at the Internet Movie Database

2013 films
2013 biographical drama films
2010s historical films
2010s historical drama films
Drama films based on actual events
Films about astronauts
Films scored by George Kallis
Films set in 1961
Films set in Russia
Films set in the Soviet Union
Films shot in Russia
Russian historical adventure films
Russian historical drama films
Russian adventure drama films
2010s Russian-language films
Science docudramas
Space adventure films
Cultural depictions of Yuri Gagarin
Cultural depictions of Nikita Khrushchev
2013 drama films
Docudrama films


title: Green Ice (soundtrack)

text:
Green Ice is the soundtrack to the 1981 United Kingdom adventure film Green Ice starring Ryan O'Neal. The soundtrack was recorded by Bill Wyman and contains 18 original songs.

Track listing
All tracks written by Bill Wyman, except where noted.

Personnel
Bill Wyman – bass, guitars, harmonica, synthesizers, percussion
Terry Taylor – acoustic, electric and Spanish guitars, kyoto, synthesizers, percussion
Dave Mattacks – drums, percussion
Ray Cooper – Latin percussion
Doreen Chanter, Maria Muldaur, Stuart Epps – background vocals
Dave Richmond – bass on "Floating (Cloudhopper Theme)" and "Tenderness"
Tristan Fry – marimba on "Noche de Amore"
Kenny Baker – trumpet on "Colombia (Green Ice Opening Title)" and "Sol y Sombra"
Dave Lawson – vocoder, synthesizer on "Floating (Cloudhopper Theme)" and "Emerald Vault"
Ken Thorne – orchestral conductor and arranger

References

External links
 Green Ice at Discogs

Adventure film soundtracks
1981 soundtrack albums
Polydor Records soundtracks
Bill Wyman albums


title: London Grammar discography

text:
English indie pop trio London Grammar has released three studio albums, one remix album, one extended play, 22 singles (including two as a featured artist) and 14 music videos. The band was formed in 2012 by Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman and Dominic "Dot" Major. After independently releasing their debut EP Metal & Dust in February 2013, London Grammar signed a contract with record label Ministry of Sound.

London Grammar's debut studio album, If You Wait, was released in September 2013. It reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Six singles, "Metal & Dust", "Wasting My Young Years", "Strong", "Nightcall", "Hey Now" and "Sights", were released from the album. "Strong" peaked at number four on the Australian Singles Chart and was certified double platinum, while "Wasting My Young Years" reached number two on the French Singles Chart. At this time, the group collaborated with electronic music duo Disclosure on the single "Help Me Lose My Mind", which reached number 56 on the UK Singles Chart.

Studio albums

Remix albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Other charted songs

Other appearances

Music videos

Notes

References

External links

Discographies of British artists
Electronic music discographies
Pop music discographies


title: 2014–15 Slovak Cup

text:
The 2014–15 Slovak Cup, also known as Slovnaft Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 46th edition of the competition.  The winners of the competition will qualify for the Second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.

Format
In the 2014–15 season a new format was implemented.

Teams

First round
The matches took place on 26 and 27 July 2014.

|-

|}

Second round
The matches took place on 12, 13, 20 & 27 August 2014.

|-

|}

Third round
The matches took place on 2, 3, 9, 10, 23, 24 September, 1 October and 12 November 2014.

Notes

Fourth round
The matches took place on 8, 14, 15, 21, 22 October and 19 November 2014.

Fifth round
The matches took place on 12, 15, 25 November 2014 and 3 March 2015.

Quarter-finals
The matches took place on 17 and 18 March 2015.

Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 7 and 8 April 2015 and the second legs were played on 21 April 2015.

First legs

Second legs

Final

The final was played on 1 May 2015.

References

External links
 Slovak Cup at Soccerway.com

Slovak Cup seasons
Cup
Slovak Cup
July 2014 sports events in Europe
August 2014 sports events in Europe
September 2014 sports events in Europe
October 2014 sports events in Europe
November 2014 sports events in Europe
March 2015 sports events in Europe
April 2015 sports events in Europe
May 2015 sports events in Europe


title: Eric Guerrero

text:
Eric Guerrero (born May 15, 1977 in San Jose, California) is a retired amateur American freestyle wrestler, who competed in the men's lightweight category. He won three consecutive NCAA (1997–1999) and four U.S. Open titles (2001–2004), scored two medals in the 58 and 60-kg division at the Pan American Games (1999 and 2003), and represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

A graduate of Oklahoma State University, Guerrero has also served as a member of the wrestling squad for the Oklahoma State Cowboys.  Being part of the university's staff, he has led the Cowboys to two NCAA tournament trophies, eleven national champions, five Big-12 conference titles, and thirty-six NCAA All-Americans. For displaying his sportsmanship and expertise in coaching, Guerrero has been inducted to the USA Wrestling Hall of Fame in June 2014.

Career

College
Guerrero began his sporting career as a member of the Independence High School wrestling team. While still in high school, he won a cadet world title in 1993, was a first-team ASICS All-American (1994 and 1995), won junior world and national titles in 1995, and was named California Male Athlete of the Year. Due to his stellar high school career, Guerrero was recruited by Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, where he became a star member of the Cowboy wrestling squad under head coach and two-time Olympic champion John Smith.

Guerrero compiled a 117–13 overall record while wrestling for the Cowboys from 1996 to 1999. As a true freshman, he took fifth-place at the NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships. In 1997, he won his first NCAA Championship at the 126-pound weight class and would repeat this triumph in 1998 at 126 pounds, and in 1999 at 133 pounds. In his final year, Guerrero dominated the field, highlighted by a perfect 31–0 record in which he recorded four straight technical falls in his first four matches, finishing with twelve technical falls and seven major decisions overall, and then prevailing 3–1 over Iowa State University's Cody Sanderson in achieving his third-straight NCAA title.

Guerrero was a key contributor to the Oklahoma State Cowboys' success during his time there, becoming one of only twelve four-time NCAA All-Americans in Oklahoma State University's wrestling history. Additionally, he was recognized as a two-time Academic All-America selection.

Freestyle wrestling
Upon completing his college career at Oklahoma State in 1999, Guerrero joined the U.S. world wrestling team, eventually earning his first berth at the World Championships. In the same year, he picked up a silver medal in the 58-kg division at the Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, losing only to the host nation's Guivi Sissaouri on the final bout.

While competing internationally, Guerrero achieved four U.S. Open titles (2001–2004), won a World Cup series trophy in 2003, and took part as a member of the U.S. wrestling team in three more World Championships. At the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Guerrero pinned his Puerto Rican rival Luis Ortiz to clinch the bronze medal in the 60-kg division.

Guerrero qualified for the U.S. wrestling team on his major debut in the men's 60 kg class at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Earlier in the process, he thrashed his opponent Mike Zadick on the final bout to claim a spot on the U.S. team from the Olympic Trials. Guerrero lost two straight matches each at 1–3 in overtime to Mongolia's Oyuunbilegiin Pürevbaatar and Georgia's David Pogosian, leaving him on the bottom of the pool and placing sixteenth in the final standings. Shortly after the Games, Guerrero retired from competitive wrestling to turn his focus on coaching.

Coaching
Guerrero initially joined his alma mater's team staff as a strength and conditioning coach in 2001, until he was promoted into the position of a full-time assistant coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys, following the 2004 Summer Olympics. During his time in the staff, he helped the Cowboys produce four consecutive NCAA titles, eight Big 12 Conference titles, and thirty-six NCAA All-Americans to their college records. Additionally, he coached eleven wrestlers from the team, whom they later became NCAA champions in their respective weight categories, including 2012 Olympic bronze medalist Coleman Scott in men's  .

In 2009, Guerrero was appointed as head coach for the U.S. team at the FILA Junior World Wrestling Championships in Ankara, Turkey, and led his squad to a most spectacular display in 11 years.

Following his nine-year duration on the Oklahoma State wrestling staff, Guerrero was upgraded to his position as an associate head coach for the 2012–2013 season. On June 21, 2014, Guerrero was formally inducted into the USA Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member.

Personal life
Guerrero was married to former Miss Texas and Miss America top-ten finalist Kristen Blair in the summer of 2012. The couple resided in Stillwater, Oklahoma with their two children. He has four children (3 sons and 1 daughter).

References

External links
Profile – International Wrestling Database
Eric Guerrero OSU Bio

1977 births
Living people
American wrestling coaches
Olympic wrestlers for the United States
Wrestlers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1999 Pan American Games
Wrestlers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Oklahoma State University alumni
Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestlers
Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestling coaches
Sportspeople from San Jose, California
People from Stillwater, Oklahoma
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
American male sport wrestlers
Pan American Games medalists in wrestling
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games


title: Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1661–1720)

text:
Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (10 December 1661 – 27 May 1720), was the daughter of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Countess Elsa Elisabeth Brahe of Wisingsborg, cousin of Charles XI of Sweden and the sister of Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken. She is foremost known for the scandal involving herself and her siblings, when she, after a long ongoing conflict in 1686-88, escaped from the authority of her parents.

Parental conflict
Catherine was born and raised in Sweden, were her father resided at Stegeborg Castle as the Duke of Stegeborg, being the brother of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden. She was the sibling of Maria Elizabeth of Pfalz-Zweibrücken and Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken.

Her father, Adolph John I, resided permanently in exile from the Swedish royal court at Stegeborg Castle, after his unsuccessful career and the great reduction of Charles XI had left the family in poor financial circumstances. Their parents were described as bitter toward the royal house, and reportedly channelized their frustration in their behavior toward their children, who they treated worse enough to attract dislike even by the standard of the day. Because their economical situation prevented them from participating in social life in accordance with their rank, and their father was too proud to ask for financial assistance, their parents kept their children at Stegeborg Castle and isolated them not only from the royal court life and aristocratic society, but even from family members, prevented them from seeing anyone from outside the Castle and used them for domestic chores. Catherine and Maria Elizabeth, in contrast to their parents, were described as humble and obliging rather than proud nor pompous, and as "quite beautiful and lovely girls".

In 1686, the two sons applied for a position at court, but when they did not succeed, their father prevented them from leaving the Castle again. The same year, the sisters sent a letter to their half sister of their mothers previous marriage, countess Christina Oxenstierna af Croneborg and asked her for help. Christina asked Queen Hedvig Eleonora for help, who suggested that the father of the sisters asked for them to be made courtiers: Christina explained that the abuse at Stegeborg were already scandalously well known, and that she had not been able to see her mother since her remarriage. Christina's sister Elisabet De la Gardie sent money to Catherine. The 3 March 1687, the Duke had Catherine write a letter on behalf of herself and her sister in which she stated that she had no complaints and denied that she had ever asked anyone for help. Her father also sent back the money and demanded to know by which reason and condition his daughters had been given money against his consent.

Scandal
The 1 November 1687, the two sisters and their younger brother Gustav ran away from home with the assistance of the clerk Matthias Rigneer and the footman Petter. The party was apprehended by the servants of their father, the siblings returned and their helpers imprisoned. This became a scandal, and when the Duke accused the judges for freeing those who helped his adult children escape his parental authority. This led to the governor of Östergötland, Erik Lovisin, conducting an investigation, in which he confirmed that the children were exposed to abuse. After the report, Charles XI offered to finance a trip abroad for the male siblings and give the female ones positions at court, but the Duke declined all efforts to violate his parental authority. In July 1688, the three siblings ran away a second time, and although the servants of their father caught up with them, they allowed them to proceed to the royal court in Stockholm despite their orders to stop them. There, they were given the protection of Queen Hedvig Eleonora, who made the sisters her ladies-in-waiting. The father sent their mother to court to claim them back, but she was forced to return without them.

In 1689, she and her sister reconciled with their parents and nursed them at their deathbeds, after which Stegeborg Castle was confiscated by the crown. The two sisters the resided at Bråborg Castle supported by the same allowance previously given to their father.

Later life
In 1710, Catherine married the Swedish count Kristofer Gyllenstierna. He had previously proposed during the lifetime of her parents, but was denied by them as being of inferior rank. He now repeated his proposal after having been made riksråd, and was this time accepted by Catherine herself. Shortly after, she regretted giving her consent and eloped to her sister at the Protestant Herford Abbey. Gyllenstierna, however, followed her there, and persuaded her to go through with the marriage, which she did. Reportedly, they had a happy marriage until her death. In 1719, it is mentioned how Catherine was present in the city of Norrköping when it was attacked and sacked by the Russians during the Russian Pillage of 1719-1721, and was forced to flee in haste a carriage pulled by oxen.

References

 Nanna Lundh-Eriksson (1947). Hedvig Eleonora. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. ISBN
 Johan Christopher Barfod, Wilhelm Odelberg: Dagens märkvärdigheter, Volym 2. Natur & Kultur, 1967

1661 births
1720 deaths
17th-century Swedish people
18th-century Swedish people
Swedish countesses
Swedish duchesses
People from the Swedish Empire
Daughters of monarchs


title: Titmouse (disambiguation)

text:
Titmouse may refer to:
Baeolophus, the genus of bird commonly known as titmice
Tit (bird), the European titmouse
 Titmouse, Inc., a U.S. animation studio
 Pointing stick, a style of computer mouse


title: Pip Lamb

text:
Phillip Derek Lamb (born 11 February 1959 in Hereford, England) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England.

Career
He started his career with the Oxford Cheetahs and is most associated with that club. He attended Peter Jarman's speedway school at Cowley Stadium in 1976. It was on the track at Cowley Stadium, Oxford where he had a career ending accident.

An eyewitness described the accident as Pip having mechanical failure, putting his hand up to signal retirement and drifting out to the fence. He was suddenly thrown forward from his bike as if his footrest had entangled with the wire link fencing, going head first into a steel post.

Grasstrack
Pip had a very good Grasstrack career and in 1976 he won the Midland Center Championship.

Barry Briggs
In 2010, Barry Briggs, aged 75, made a motorcycle journey around the United Kingdom to raise money for 12 ex-speedway riders confined to wheelchairs after racing accidents. They were Krzysztof Cegielski, Lawrence Hare, Neil Hewitt, Per Jonsson, Graham Miles, Paul Mitchell, Joe Owen, John Simmons, Gary Stead, Steve Weatherley, Alan Wilkinson, and Pip Lamb.

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20140719113710/http://www.cradleyspeedway.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/riders.htm
 http://www.lovespeedway24.co.uk/teams/peterborough-panthers/legend_briggs_bike_ends_up_in_ipswich_1_750597
 http://www.briggo.net/CharityRide.aspx
 http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/speedwayyears/1978.html
 http://grasstrackgb.co.uk/pip-lamb/

1959 births
British speedway riders
Cradley Heathens riders
Oxford Cheetahs riders
Exeter Falcons riders
Coventry Bees riders
Living people


title: Pagsanjan Municipal Hall

text:
The Pagsanjan Municipal Hall is a mid-19th century building located on J.P. Rizal Street in Poblacion Uno (Calle Real), Pagsanjan, Laguna, Philippines. It was home to the first public elementary school in Laguna Province from 1864 to 1911 as well as its first public high school from 1903 to 1907. The building currently houses the seat of the local government unit of the municipality of Pagsanjan.

History
The building was first constructed during the middle of the 19th century and was used to house the Tribunal del Gremios de Naturales (Tribunal Court for the Local Government for Natives), a tribunal court of one of Pagsanjan's local government unit formed by the Spanish authorities during the 1600s. It served as quarters of the Filipino revolutionary forces under the leadership of Gen. Taino during the Philippine Revolution of 1898 and the American Expeditionary Forces during the Philippine–American War from 1899 to 1903. From 1903 to 1907, it housed the first public high school in Laguna under the American teachers known as Laguna High School before it was transferred to Santa Cruz. It also housed the first public elementary school from 1864 until 1911 pursuant to the Educational Decree of 1863 signed by Queen Regent Maria Cristina of Spain. It then became the seat of the government of Pagsanjan before it was destroyed during World War II on March 20, 1945. It was rehabilitated and reconstructed from 1951 and completed in 1955.

References

External links

Marked Historical Structures of the Philippines
Tourist attractions in Laguna (province)
Buildings and structures in Laguna (province)
City and municipal halls in the Philippines


title: Jim Donegan

text:
James John Donegan (born 30 January 1917) is an Irish former hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Dublin and Kilkenny senior teams.

Born in Kilkenny, Donegan first arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Dublin senior team, making his debut in the 1942 championship. He later joined the Kilkenny senior team. During his career he won one All-Ireland medal and four Leinster medals.

Donegan also represented the Leinster inter-provincial team, however, he never won a Railway Cup medal. At club level he won one championship medal with Tullaroan.

Honours

Team

Tullaroan
Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1948

Dublin
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1942, 1944

Kilkenny
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1947
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1946 1947

References

1917 births
Possibly living people
St Oliver Plunketts/Eoghan Ruadh hurlers
Dublin inter-county hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners


title: Dwaraka Nagar

text:
Dwaraka Nagar is a locality in Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the main commercial areas in the city. It is a hub for many shopping malls, educational institutes, hotels, lodges, food courts, restaurants, coaching centers etc.

Commerce
It is the major commercial area in Visakhapatnam. It is the business center for all types of outlets and offices.

Transport
Dwaraka Nagar is the Bus Transportation hub of Visakhapatnam. Central bus station of the city, Dwaraka bus station is located in this neighborhood.

Gallery

References

Neighbourhoods in Visakhapatnam
Shopping districts and streets in India