title: Gore Mutual Insurance Company

text:
Gore Mutual Insurance Company is a Canadian home, auto and business insurance company.

Founded in 1839, Gore Mutual is Canada's oldest property and casualty insurer, with over $475 million in premiums and over $1.1 billion in assets. Gore Mutual has two offices in Canada, with a third Toronto, Ontario, office under development. The head office is located in Cambridge, Ontario, and a western office is located in Vancouver, British Columbia. The firm has a favorable reputation with the Insurance Brokers Association of Ontario (IBAO).

History

Pre-Canadian Confederation (–1867)
After a failed attempt in 1837, Gore Mutual Insurance, known at that time as "The Gore District Mutual Fire Insurance Company", was created by an unknown businessman from Brantford, Ontario, on June 18, 1839, after rediscovering the subscription book that was originally created in 1837. Gore Mutual began business with only one paid officer, William A. Walker, who also held the role of secretary-treasurer. In November 1839, William A. Walker was also given the title of traveling agent. He was responsible for travelling on horseback in order to expand Gore Mutual's operations across the Galt district. With the passing of the new legislature in 1842, mutual insurance companies were able to expand their business into districts where no mutual fire insurance provider existed. Gore Mutual took advantage of this by expanding into Toronto, Simcoe, Oakville, Port Dover, Colbourne, Yarmouth, and London over a two-year period.

At the annual meeting in 1858, members authorized the board to reward fire companies that were called to assist with fires and those that successfully saved the property. This new legislation was the first step in developing more efficient firefighting methods in the Galt region.

1860s modernization
The 1860s were a modernization period for Gore Mutual. Under new leadership in 1863, Gore Mutual moved the company to a new office building in Galt, Ontario. In 1865, Gore Mutual implemented a new structure for charging tariffs that allowed the company to charge higher premiums on policies that were deemed high-risk, a method that many insurance companies use today. In 1866, new agencies were established in Preston, St. Mary's, Wroxeter, Lucknow, Princeton, Plattsville, the County of Wentworth, the County of Halton, Embro, West Zorra, Woodstock, Brantford, and its surrounding counties.

Post-Confederation (1870–1939)
By mid-1870, the number of active Gore Mutual policies had grown to over 6,000, and the company had expanded into Central and Eastern Ontario.

In the late 1870s, Gore Mutual started to cancel policies that were deemed too high a risk. Gore Mutual also began breaking ties with agencies that were in remote areas that were located too far from the head office in Galt. By the beginning of the 1880s, Gore Mutual had over 4,500 policies; by 1899, that number had grown to over 13,000 policies. Gore Mutual's portfolio was growing at a rate of 500 policies a year. The value of its insured properties during that time rose from $4,000,000 in 1880 to $15,670,000 in 1899. Meanwhile, British and American fire and casualty insurance companies began expanding into Canada during this time.

In 1895, Gore Mutual's new building in Galt was completed. The building stands over 80 feet tall and was built with dark red bricks and sandstone trim. It is revolutionary with hot water heating as well as gas and electrical lighting. The building quickly emerged as a local landmark for the people of Galt.

In 1914, Gore Mutual donated $50,000, which was the previous year's profits, to help aid the War Effort Patriotic Fund.

In 1936, Gore Mutual's current building was completed. Built by Scottish stonemasons using local, handpicked stone, it was built on a hilltop surrounded by gardens. Lieutenant-Governor Herbert A. Bruce officially opened the building.

In 1939, Gore Mutual turned 100 years old and had over 2.4 million dollars CAD in assets.

World War 2 and Post War
During World War II, Gore Mutual donated $100,000 of its profits to the government of Canada in order to aid the war effort. This money was to be spent however the government saw fit. Not only did Gore Mutual donate to the cause, but every employee gave an additional portion of their income during the war to further aid the efforts of the Canadian troops. During this time, eight Gore Mutual employees served, all of whom survived; however, two of them were severely wounded during their time of service. By the end of the war, Gore Mutual had victory bonds amounting to a total of $525,000, which is worth roughly $7,297,550 today.

In the early 1970s, Gore Mutual hired Brantford architects Mark Musselman, McIntyre & Combe to design a new building that was to be attached to the existing head office, built in 1937. The two buildings are connected by a glass passageway that extends 60 feet from the old to the new building.

In 1968 Gore Mutual purchased its first Honeywell Computer, becoming one of the first companies in Canada to use computerized policy handling for automobile insurance.
The late 1970s were the age of computers for Gore Mutual. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) systems were used in the claims department for the purpose of processing personal and commercial lines.
In the 1990s, Gore Mutual introduced a 24-hour emergency claims service in order to help customers and brokers at all times. Also during this time, new estimating software was introduced to allow adjusters to prepare quotes with greater speed and accuracy.
In 1998 Gore Mutual created the Gore Mutual Foundation. The foundation provides funding for hundreds of health, welfare, education, cultural, environmental, and charitable activities in communities across Canada.

Paperless Office
In 2002, Gore Mutual Insurance implemented a paperless office objective. Within 10 months, Gore Mutual went from 70% paper: 30% electronic to 70% electronic: 30% paper. The quick success of the paperless movement was due to 80% of Gore Mutual staff being under the age of 35. Since 2002, the percentage of paper used has decreased sufficiently. Underwriting and claims departments are fully paperless. Gore Mutual's success in implementing a paperless office has inspired some insurance brokerages to also turn their offices into paperless offices.

Gore Mutual Insurance Foundation
Gore Mutual has been donating to charities in the communities where they do business for over 100 years. In 1998, Gore Mutual incorporated the Gore Mutual Insurance Foundation, registered as a private charity funding statute, which has the benefit of being tax-free and allowing for an increase in yearly donations. There are two ways to apply for donations:
 Through a brokerage
 Charities can directly apply to Gore Mutual

Since 1998, the Gore Mutual Foundation has donated over $12,000,000 to nearly 1,000 charities. In 2008, the Foundation donated $500,000 to the Cambridge Memorial Hospital, one of the largest donations ever received by the Cambridge Memorial Hospital Foundation. The donation was used to allow 300 more screening cases each year and to reduce wait times for the endoscopy unit.

In 2011, the Gore Mutual Foundation donated $450,000 to nearly 120 charities across Canada. In 2012, Gore Mutual pledged $1,000,000 to the Gore Mutual Foundation. In 2020, CanadaHelps, in partnership with the Gore Mutual Foundation, made it possible for Canadians to double the impact of their charitable donations towards COVID-19 relief efforts. Each donation to the CanadaHelps COVID-19 Cause Funds was doubled by the Gore Mutual Foundation, which committed $2 million in matching funds to be split between the COVID-19 Community Care Fund and the COVID-19 Healthcare and Hospital Fund.

References

Insurance companies of Canada
Financial services companies established in 1839
Canadian companies established in 1839
Auto insurance in Canada


title: Puerco Formation

text:
The Puerco Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Sepulcher Formation

text:
The Sepulcher Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Tatman Formation

text:
The Tatman Formation is a Wasatchian geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period.

Fossil content
The following fossils have been recovered from the formation:

Flora

 Allantoidiopsis erosa
 Cercidiphyllum genetrix
 Cnemidaria magna
 Dombeya novimundi
 Eugenia americana
 Lygodium kaulfussi
 Platanus wyomingensis
 Platycarya castaneopsis
 Populus meigsii
 Salvinia preauriculata
 Thelypteris iddingsii
 Zingiberopsis isonervosa
 Alnus sp.
 Equisetum sp.
 aff. Typha sp.
 Alismataceae indet.
 Monocotyledoneae indet.

Wasatchian correlations

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming
 Wasatch Formation
 Willwood Formation

References

Bibliography

Paleogene geology of Wyoming
Eocene Series of North America
Ypresian Stage
Wasatchian
Shale formations
Fluvial deposits
Paleontology in Wyoming


title: Tepee Trail Formation

text:
The Tepee Trail Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Wagon Bed Formation

text:
The Wagon Bed Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Wasatch Formation

text:
The Wasatch Formation (Tw) is an extensive highly fossiliferous geologic formation stretching across several basins in Idaho, Montana Wyoming, Utah and western Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Eocene period. The formation defines the Wasatchian or Lostcabinian (55.8 to 50.3 Ma), a period of time used within the NALMA classification, but the formation ranges in age from the Clarkforkian (56.8 to 55.8 Ma) to Bridgerian (50.3 to 46.2 Ma).

Wasatch fauna consists of many groups of mammals, including numerous genera of primates, artiodactyls, perissodactyls, rodents, carnivora, insectivora, hyaenodonta and others. A number of birds, several reptiles and fish and invertebrates complete the diverse faunal assemblages. Fossil flora and ichnofossils also have been recovered from the formation.

The formation, first named as Wasatch Group in 1873 by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, was deposited in alluvial, fluvial and lacustrine environments and comprises sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and shales with coal or lignite beds representing wet floodplain settings.

The Wasatch Formation is an unconventional tight gas reservoir formation in the Uinta and Piceance Basins of Utah and the coal seams of the formation are mined in Wyoming. At the Fossil Butte National Monument, the formation crops out underlying the Green River Formation. In the Silt Quadrangle of Garfield County, Colorado, the formation overlies the Williams Fork Formation.

Description

Definition
The Wasatch Formation was first named as the Wasatch Group by Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden in the 1873 edition of his original 1869 publication titled "Preliminary field report of the United States Geological Survey of Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories", based on sections in the Echo and Weber Canyons, of the Wasatch Mountains. In the language of the native Ute people, Wasatch means "mountain pass" or "low pass over high range." According to William Bright, the mountains were named for a Shoshoni leader who was named with the Shoshoni term wasattsi, meaning "blue heron".

Outcrops

At the base of Fossil Butte are the bright red, purple, yellow and gray beds of the Wasatch Formation. Eroded portions of these horizontal beds slope gradually upward from the valley floor and steepen abruptly. Overlying them and extending to the top of the butte are the much steeper buff-to-white beds of the Green River Formation, which are about  thick. The Wasatch Formation ranges from about  in the western part of the Uinta Basin, thinning to  in the east. In the Silt Quadrangle of Garfield County, Colorado, the formation overlies the Williams Fork Formation. The formation is exposed in the Desolation and Gray Canyons pertaining to the Colorado Plateau in northeastern Utah, and in Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area at the border of southwestern Wyoming and northeastern Utah.

Extent

The Wasatch Formation is found across six states in the northwestern United States, from Montana and Idaho in the north across Utah and Wyoming to Colorado in the southwest. The formation is part of several geologic provinces; the eponymous Wasatch uplift, Uinta uplift, Green River, Piceance, Powder River, Uinta and Paradox Basins and the Colorado Plateau sedimentary province and Yellowstone province.

In Montana, the formation overlies the Fort Union Formation and is overlain by the White River Formation. There is a regional, angular unconformity between the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the northern portion of the Powder River Basin.

Subdivision

Many local subdivisions of the formation exist, the following members have been named in the literature:

Lithologies and facies
In the Fossil Basin at the Fossil Butte National Monument, Wyoming, the Wasatch Formation consists primarily of brightly variegated mudstones with subordinate interbedded siltstones, sandstones, and conglomerates and represents deposition on an intermontane alluvial plain. In Mesa County, Colorado, the formation comprises interbedded purple, lavender, red, and gray claystones and shales with local lenses of gray and brown sandstones, conglomeratic sandstones, and volcanic sandstones that are predominantly fluvial and lacustrine in origin. Along the western margin of the Powder River Basin, the Wasatch Formation contains two thick conglomeratic members (in descending order, the Moncrief Member and Kingsbury Conglomerate Member).

The Molina Member of the formation is a zone of distinctly sandier fluvial strata. The over- and underlying members of the Molina are the Atwell Gulch and Shire members, respectively. These members consist of infrequent lenses of fluvial-channel sandstones interbedded within thick units of variegated red, orange, purple and gray overbank and paleosol mudstones.

The Molina Member represents a sudden change in the tectonic and/or climatic regimes, that caused an influx of laterally-continuous, fine, coarse and locally conglomeratic sands into the basin. The type section of the Molina is located near the small town of Molina on the western edge of the basin and is about  thick. These sandy strata of the Molina Member form continuous, erosion-resistant benches that extend to the north of the type section for approximately . The benches are cut by
canyons or "gulches", from which the Atwell Gulch and Shire Gulch members get their names. The Molina forms the principle target within the Wasatch Formation for natural gas exploration, although it is usually called the "G sandstone" in the subsurface.

Provenance
Detrital zircons collected from the middle part of the formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, where the Wasatch Formation reaches a thickness of more than  were gathered for U-Pb geochronological analysis. The detrital zircon age spectrum ranged from 1433-2957 Ma in age, and consisted of more than 95% Archean age grains, with an age peak of about 2900 Ma. The 2900 Ma age peak is consistent with the age of Archean rocks at the core of the Bighorn Mountains. The sparse Proterozoic grains were likely derived from the recycling of Paleozoic sandstone units. The analysis concluded that the Wasatch sandstone is a first cycle sediment, the Archean core of the Bighorn uplift was exposed and shedding sediment into the Powder River Basin during time of deposition of the Wasatch Formation and the Powder River Basin Wasatch detrital zircon age spectra are distinct from the coeval Willwood Formation in the Bighorn Basin west of the Bighorn Mountains. Cobbles and pebbles in the Wasatch are rich in feldspathic rock fragments, with individual samples containing as much as 40 percent, derived from erosion of the Precambrian core of the Bighorn Mountains. Part of the feldspar has been replaced by calcite cement. Glauconite is present in the Wasatch, although always in volumes of less than
1 percent of the grains. It most probably was derived from the nearby, friable, glauconite-bearing Mesozoic strata of the eastern Bighorn Mountains.

The presence of the Kingsbury Conglomerate at the base of the Wasatch Formation indicates that tectonic activity in the immediate vicinity of the Powder River Basin was intensifying. The conglomerate consists of Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock fragments. The lack of Precambrian fragments indicates that the metamorphic core of the Bighorn Mountains had not been dissected by this early deformation. Deformation in the upper part of the formation has been interpreted as the result of the last phase of uplift during the Laramide orogeny.

Correlations
The basal part of the Wasatch Formation is equivalent to the Flagstaff Formation in the southwest part of the Uinta Basin. The Wasatch Formation is correlated with the Sentinel Butte and Golden Valley Formations of the Williston Basin.

Paleontological significance
The Wasatch Formation is the defining formation for the Wasatchian, ranging from 55.8 to 50.3 Ma, within the NALMA classification. The Wasatchian followed the Clarkforkian stage (56.8-55.8 Ma) and is defined by the simultaneous first appearance of adapid and omomyid euprimates, hyaenodontid creodonts, perissodactyls and artiodactyls. The deposits of the formation were laid down during a period of globally high temperatures during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Mean annual temperatures were around  and temperature variations were minimal during this time.

At the Fossil Butte National Monument, the Wasatch Formation preserved ichnofossils attributed to arthropods and described as Lunulichnus tuberosus. Trace fossils are common within the upper part of the Main Body Member. These traces occur in three distinct alluvial depositional settings: flood basin/alluvial plain, crevasse splay, and fluvial channel. Flood basin deposits (dominated by alluvial paleosols with pronounced color variegation) are characterized by common Planolites, rare Skolithos and small, meniscate plug-shaped burrows, possibly Celliforma.

Crevasse splay deposits (current-rippled to planar laminated, fine-grained sandstone to siltstone) are characterized by a mixed assemblage of vertical (Arenicolites, Skolithos, unwalled sinuous shafts, shafts with discoidal lenses of sediment), sub-vertical (Camborygma and Thalassinoides) and horizontal (Scoyenia, Rusophycus, Taenidium, Planolites and Palaeophycus) burrows. Large, vertically oriented burrows (Camborygma, cf. Ophiomorpha, Spongeliomorpha and Thalassinoides) are the dominant forms within fluvial channel deposits.

Fossil content
Among the following fossils have been found in the formation:

Mammals
Primates

 Absarokius abbotti
 A. gazini
 Anaptomorphus aemulus
 Anemorhysis sublettensis
 Arapahovius gazini
 Artimonius nocerai
 A. witteri
 Cantius frugivorus
 C. mckennai
 C. nunienus
 Carpodaptes cf. hazelae
 Chiromyoides minor
 Chlororhysis knightensis
 Copelemur australotutus
 C. praetutus
 C. tutus
 Ignacius frugivorus
 Loveina minuta
 L. sheai
 L. zephyri
 Microsyops angustidens
 M. knightensis
 M. latidens
 M. cf. elegans
 M. cf. scottianus
 Notharctus robinsoni
 N. venticolus
 Omomys carteri
 O. lloydi
 Plesiadapis dubius
 Plesiadapis cf. cookei
 Plesiadapis cf. rex
 Simpsonlemur cf. jepseni
 Smilodectes sororis
 Steinius cf. vespertinus
 Tetonius matthewi
 Tetonoides pearcei
 cf. Trogolemur myodes
 Uintanius rutherfurdi
 Utahia carina
 Walshina mcgrewi
 Washakius insignis
 W. izetti
 cf. Choctawius sp.
 Cantius sp.
 Carpolestes sp.
 Chlororhysis sp.
 Loveina sp.
 Microsyops sp.
 Notharctus sp.
 Omomys sp.
 Phenacolemur sp.
 Picrodus sp.
 Tetonius sp.
 Trogolemur sp.
 Uintasorex sp.
 Phenacolemurinae indet.

Artiodactyls

 Antiacodon pygmaeus
 Bunophorus cf. etsagicus
 B. grangeri
 B. macropternus
 B. sinclairi
 Diacodexis secans
 Gagadon minimonstrum
 Hexacodus pelodes
 H. uintensis
 Antiacodon sp.
 Bunophorus sp.
 Diacodexis sp.
 Hexacodus sp.
 Microsus sp.
 Dichobunidae indet.

Perissodactyls

 Arenahippus pernix
 Cardiolophus semihians
 cf. Dilophodon destitutus
 Eotitanops borealis
 Heptodon calciculus
 H. posticus
 Homogalax protapirinus
 Hyrachyus modestus
 Hyracotherium vasacciense
 Lambdotherium popoagicum
 Minippus index
 Orohippus proteros
 Orohippus cf. pumilus
 Palaeosyops fontinalis
 Protorohippus venticolum
 Xenicohippus craspedotum
 Eotitanops borealis
 Helaletes sp.
 Heptodon sp.
 Homogalax sp.
 Hyrachyus sp.
 Hyracotherium sp.
 Lambdotherium sp.
 Orohippus sp.
 Palaeosyops sp.
 Equidae indet.
 Helaletidae indet.
 Isectolophidae indet.
 Perissodactyla indet.
 Tapiroidea indet.

Hyaenodonta

 Gazinocyon vulpeculus
 Iridodon datzae
 Prolimnocyon antiquus
 Prototomus secundarius
 Tritemnodon cf. strenuus
 Prolimnocyon sp.
 Sinopa sp.
 Thinocyon sp.
 Tritemnodon sp.
 Hyaenodontidae indet.

Acreodi

 Dissacus cf. praenuntius
 Hapalodectes leptognathus
 Pachyaena ossifraga
 Wyolestes dioctes
 Dissacus sp.
 ?Mesonyx sp.
 Mesonychidae indet.

Carnivora

 Miacis latidens
 Vulpavus australis
 V. canavus
 Miacis sp.
 Vulpavus sp.
 Miacidae indet.

Cimolesta

 Amaramnis gregoryi
 Esthonyx acutidens
 Esthonyx cf. bisulcatus
 Palaeoryctes cruoris
 Palaeoryctes cf. punctatus
 ?Trogosus cf. latidens
 Esthonyx sp.
 Trogosus sp.

Dinocerata

 cf. Bathyopsis fissidens
 Probathyopsis cf. harrisorum
 Bathyopsis sp.

Erinaceomorpha
 Adunator meizon

Eutheria

 Aceroryctes dulcis
 Arctocyon nexus
 Bessoecetor cf. septentrionalis
 Chriacus oconostotae
 Lambertocyon gingerichi
 Palaeosinopa incerta
 P. lacus
 Palaeosinopa cf. didelphoides
 cf. Palaeosinopa lutreola
 Thryptacodon australis
 T. pseudarctos
 Chriacus sp.
 Claenodon sp.

Ferae

 Ambloctonus major
 Brachianodon westorum
 Didymictis altidens
 D. cf. protenus
 Oxyaena forcipata
 O. lupina
 Protictis agastor
 P. paralus
 Raphictis cf. gausion
 Tubulodon pearcei
 Tytthaena parrisi
 Uintacyon asodes
 Viverravus cf. acutus
 V. gracilis
 V. lutosus
 V. minutus
 V. sicarius
 Didymictis sp.
 Patriofelis sp.
 Viverravus sp.

Glires

 Acritoparamys francesi
 Knightomys depressus
 K. huerfanensis
 Leptotomus parvus
 Lophiparamys murinus
 Microparamys hunterae
 M. minutus
 Mysops fraternus
 ?Notoparamys blochi
 Paramys copei
 P. delicatior
 P. delicatus
 P. excavatus
 P. taurus
 P. wyomingensis
 Pauromys schaubi
 Pseudotomus robustus
 Reithroparamys delicatissimus
 R. huerfanensis
 R. cf. debequensis
 Sciuravus bridgeri
 S. nitidus
 S. wilsoni
 Thisbemys perditus
 Tuscahomys ctenodactylops
 Microparamys sp.
 Paramys sp.
 Reithroparamys sp.
 Tillomys sp.
 Cylindrodontidae indet.
 Paramyidae indet.
 Rodentia indet.
 Sciuravidae indet.

Insectivora

 Apatemys bellulus
 A. bellus
 A. cf. whitakeri
 Labidolemur soricoides
 Unuchinia dysmathes
 Apatemys sp.

Leptictida

 Palaeictops cf. bicuspis
 Prodiacodon cf. concordiarcensis
 Prodiacodon cf. furor
 Prodiacodon cf. tauricinerei

Lipotyphla

 Cedrocherus aceratus
 Eoictops novaceki
 Entomolestes sp.
 Adapisoricinae indet.

Macroscelidea

 Aletodon cf. quadravus
 Apheliscus nitidus
 Apheliscus cf. insidiosus
 Dorraletes diminutivus
 Haplomylus speirianus
 Haplomylus cf. scottianus
 Litocherus lacunatus
 Scenopagus priscus
 Scenopagus sp.

Multituberculata

 Ectypodus cf. powelli
 Neoplagiaulax cf. hazeni
 Neoplagiaulax cf. hunteri
 Ptilodus kummae
 Mesodma sp.
 Ectypodus sp.
 Parectypodus sp.
 ?Prochetodon sp.
 Ptilodus sp.

Pantodonta

 Barylambda faberi
 Coryphodon armatus
 C. lobatus
 C. radians
 Coryphodon sp.

Pholidota
 Palaeanodon sp.

Placentalia

 Copecion brachypternus
 Ectocion collinus
 E. osbornianus
 E. superstes
 Hyopsodus loomisi
 H. minor
 H. minusculus
 H. paulus
 H. powellianus
 H. wortmani
 H. cf. mentalis
 H. cf. walcottianus
 Meniscotherium chamense
 M. cf. robustum
 M. cf. tapiacitum
 Phenacodus grangeri
 P. intermedius
 P. trilobatus
 P. vortmani
 Ectocion sp.
 Hyopsodus sp.
 Phenacodus sp.

Soricomorpha

 Leptacodon cf. munusculum
 Nyctitherium serotinum
 Leptacodon sp.
 Wyonycteris sp.

Taeniodonta
 Stylinodon mirus

Theriiformes

 Copedelphys innominata
 Herpetotherium knighti
 H. innominatum
 Peradectes elegans
 P. chesteri
 Peratherium edwardi
 P. marsupium
 Ectoganus sp.
 Oodectes sp.
 Paleotomus sp.
 Stylinodon sp.
 Uintacyon sp.
 Epoicotheriidae indet.
 Leptictidae indet.
 Marsupialia indet.
 Metacheiromyidae indet.
 Nyctitheriidae indet.
 Oxyaenidae indet.
 Pantolestidae indet.
 Stylinodontidae indet.

Birds

 Eocrex primus
 Limnofregata hutchisoni
 Presbyornis sp.

Reptiles

 Anosteira ornata
 Apodosauriscus minutus
 Arpadosaurus gazinorum
 A. sepulchralis
 Baena arenosa
 Boavus occidentalis
 Boverisuchus vorax
 Calamagras primus
 Dunnophis microechinus
 Echmatemys stevensoniana
 Echmatemys cf. cibollensis
 Emys wyomingensis
 Entomophontes incrustatus
 Eodiploglossus borealis
 cf. Eoglyptosaurus donohoei
 Glyptosaurus agmodon
 G. sylvestris
 Machaerosaurus torrejonensis
 Notomorpha testudinea
 Palaeoxantusia amara
 Palepidophyma lilliputiana
 Parasauromalus olseni
 Provaranosaurus fatuus
 Psilosemys wyomingensis
 Restes rugosus
 Saniwa ensidens
 Scincoideus grassator
 Suzanniwana revenanta
 Trionyx aequa
 Xenochelys lostcabinensis
 Xestops savagei
 X. vagans
 cf. Crocodylus affinis
 Allognathosuchus sp.
 Anolbanolis sp.
 Coniophis sp.
 Echmatemys sp.
 Tinosaurus sp.
 Palaeoxantusia sp.
 Paranolis sp.
 Parasauromalus sp.
 Procaimanoidea sp.
 Stylinodon sp.
 Suzanniwana sp.
 Tinosaurus sp.
 cf. Jepsibaena sp.
 cf. Restes sp.
 cf. Saniwa sp.
 Amphisbaenidae indet.
 Anguidae indet.
 Anguimorpha indet.
 Baenidae indet.
 Crocodylia indet.
 Crocodylidae indet.
 Emydidae indet.
 Gerrhonotinae indet.
 Glyptosaurinae indet.
 Helodermatidae indet.
 Iguania indet.
 Lacertilia indet.
 Squamata indet.
 Trionychidae indet.

Amphibians
 Caudata indet.

Fish

 Goniobasis carterii
 G. tenera
 Diplomystus sp.
 Lepisosteus sp.
 ?Notogoneus sp.
 Centrarchidae indet.
 aff. Amblyopsidae indet.
 Actinopterygii indet.

Invertebrates
Bivalves

 Asimina vesperalis
 Davidia antiqua
 Unio wasatchensis

Gastropods

 Viviparus paludinaeformis
 Ferrissia cf. minuta

Mollusks
 Mollusca indet.

Flora

 Allantodiopsis erosa
 Allophylus flexifolia
 Ampelopsis acerifolia
 Beringiaphyllum cupanioides
 Carya antiquorum
 Castanea intermedia
 Cercidiphyllum arcticum
 Cissus marginata
 Dillenites garfieldensis
 Dombeya novimundi
 Ficus artocarpoides
 Ficus planicostata
 Fraxinus eocenica
 Hovenia cf. oregonensis
 Metasequoia occidentalis
 Nyssa alata
 Osmunda greenlandica
 Penosphyllum cordatum
 Platanus raynoldsi
 Platycarya americana
 Populus wyomingiana
 Prunus corrugis
 Rhamnus goldiana
 cf. Schoepfia republicensis
 Stillingia casca
 Syzygioides americana
 Ternstroemites aureavallis
 Zizyphus fibrillosus
 Alnus sp.
 Celtis sp.
 Cinnamomophyllum sp.
 Sloanea sp.
 Apocynaceae indet.
 Dicotyledonae indet.
 Lauraceae indet.
 cf. Magnoliales indet.

Ichnofossils

 Lunulichnus tuberosus
 Arenicolites
 Camborygma
 Celliforma
 Palaeophycus
 Planolites
 Rusophycus
 Scoyenia
 Skolithos
 Spongeliomorpha
 Taenidium
 Thalassinoides
 cf. Ophiomorpha

Herbivore expansion
The mammal fauna of the formation is part of the fourth phase of herbivore expansion spanning about 115 Ma from the Aptian to Holocene, and correlated with the Wind River and Wilcox Formations of the United States and the Laguna del Hunco Formation of Argentina.

Economic geology

Petroleum geology
The Wasatch Formation is a tight gas reservoir rock in the Greater Natural Buttes Field in the Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado. The formation is characterized by porosity ranging from 6 to 20% and permeability of up to 1 mD. Based on 409 samples from the Wasatch Formation, average porosity is 8.75 percent and average permeability is 0.095 mD. The production rates after 2 years are 100–1,000 mscf/day for gas, 0.35–3.4 barrel per day for oil, and less than 1 barrel per day for water. The water:gas ratio ranges from 0.1 to 10 barrels per million standard cubic feet, indicating that free water is produced along with water dissolved in gas in the reservoir. Oil in the Bluebell-Altamont Field in the Uinta Basin and gas in the Piceance Creek Field in the Piceance Basin are produced from the Wasatch Formation.

As of May 2019, tight gas from the Wasatch Formation and underlying Mesaverde Group has been produced more than 1.76 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas from over 3,000 wells in the Uinta Basin, mostly from the Natural Buttes gas field in the eastern part of the basin. In the Piceance Basin, the Mesaverde Group and Wasatch Formation produced more than 7.7 TCF from over 12,000 wells, mostly from the central part of the basin.

Mining

Coal
Coal is mined from the Wasatch Formation in Wyoming. Together with the Fort Union Formation, the Wasatch Formation represents the thickest coal bed deposits in the state.

Uranium

The fluvial sandstones contain uranium roll front deposits. The formation is the main producer of uranium in the state. Ore zones contain uraninite and pyrite. Oxidized ores include uranophane, meta-autunite, and phosphuranylite.

Wasatchian correlations

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Utah
 Paleontology in Colorado
 Paleontology in Utah
 Paleontology in Wyoming
 2014 West Salt Creek landslide

References

Bibliography

Wasatch publications

Geology publications

Maps
State maps

Quadrangle maps

Other maps

Paleontology publications

Geologic formations of the United States
Geologic formations of Colorado
Geologic formations of Idaho
Geologic formations of Montana
Geologic formations of Utah
Geologic formations of Wyoming
Eocene Series of North America
Paleogene Colorado
Paleogene Idaho
Paleogene Montana
Paleogene geology of Utah
Paleogene geology of Wyoming

Bridgerian
Clarkforkian
Ypresian Stage
Sandstone formations of the United States
Conglomerate formations
Mudstone formations
Siltstone formations
Shale formations of the United States
Coal formations
Coal in the United States
Alluvial deposits
Fluvial deposits
Lacustrine deposits
Ichnofossiliferous formations
Reservoir rock formations
Source rock formations
Unconventional gas
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Paleontology in Colorado
Paleontology in Utah
Paleontology in Wyoming
Shoshone


title: Washakie Formation

text:
The Washakie Formation is a geologic formation in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming. It preserves many mammal, bird, reptile and other fossils dating back to the Lutetian stage of the Eocene within the Paleogene period. The sediments fall in the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the NALMA classification.

Fossil content
The Washakie Formation has provided many fossil mammals, turtles and other reptiles, birds and other fossils.

The artiodactyl Heliosus apophis was described from the formation by Burger and Jolley, and the rodents Pareumys flynni, Pauromys turnbulli and Thisbemys intermedius by Korth in 2020.

Mammals

Reptiles

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming
 Bridger Formation
 Green River Formation
 Uinta Formation
 Wasatch Formation

References

Bibliography

Further reading

 W. G. Joyce, V. S. Volpato, and Y. Rollot. 2018. The skull of the carettochelyid turtle Anosteira pulchra from the Eocene (Uintan) of Wyoming and the carotid canal system of carettochelyid turtles. Fossil Record 21:301-310
 N. Vitek. 2011. Insights into the Taxonomy and Systematics of North American Eocene Soft-Shelled Turtles from a Well-Preserved Specimen. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 52(2):189-208
 S. M. McCarroll, J. J. Flynn, and W. D. Turnbull. 1996. Biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Bridgerian-Uintan Washakie Formation, Washakie Basin, Wyoming. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 25-39
 R. K. Stucky, D. R. Prothero, W. G. Lohr and J. R. Snyder. 1996. Magnetic stratigraphy, sedimentology, and mammalian faunas of the early Uintan Washakie Formation, Sand Wash Basin, northwestern Colorado. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 40-51
 S. M. McCarroll, J. J. Flynn, and W. D. Turnbull. 1996. The Mammalian Faunas of the Washakie Formation, Eocene Age, of Southern Wyoming. Part III. The Perissodactyls. Fieldiana, Geology 33:1-38
 A. Wetmore. 1944. A new terrestrial vulture from the Upper Eocene deposits of Wyoming. Annals of Carnegie Museum 30:57-69
 R. Zangerl. 1944. Brachyuranochampsa eversolei, gen. et sp. nov., a new crocodilian from the Washakie beds of Wyoming. Annals of Carnegie Museum 30:77-84
 O. P. Hay. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75:1-568

Geologic formations of Colorado
Geologic formations of Wyoming
Paleogene geology of Wyoming
Paleogene Colorado
Eocene Series of North America
Lutetian Stage
Bridgerian
Uintan
Sandstone formations of the United States
Fluvial deposits
Paleontology in Colorado
Paleontology in Wyoming


title: Wiggins Formation

text:
The Wiggins Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming

Lithic and Chemical Compositions of Samples from the Wiggins and Tepee Trail Formations, Southern Absaroka Range, Wyoming., Keith Brindley Ketner and Frederick S Fisher., USGS Open File Report 78-223


The 2014–15 UMass Minutewomen basketball team will represent the University of Massachusetts Amherst  during the 2014–15 college basketball season. Sharon Dawley assumes the responsibility as head coach for her fifth season. The Minutewomen were members of the Atlantic 10 Conference and play their home games at the William D. Mullins Memorial Center. They finished the season 12–18, 5–11 in A-10 play to finish in a four way tie for tenth place. They advanced to the second round of the A-10 women's tournament where they lost to Richmond.

2014–15 media
All non-televised Minutewomen home games and conference road games will stream on the A-10 Digital Network. WMUA will carry Minutewomen games with Cody Chrusciel on the call.

2014–15 Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#881c1c; color:#FFFFFF;"| Non-conference regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#881c1c; color:#FFFFFF;"| Atlantic 10 regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#881c1c; color:#FFFFFF;"| Atlantic 10 Tournament

Rankings
2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball rankings

See also
 2014–15 UMass Minutemen basketball team

References

UMass Minutewomen basketball seasons
UMass


title: Fowkes Formation

text:
The Fowkes Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Hanna Formation

text:
The Hanna Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Torrejonian to Tiffanian stages of the Paleogene period.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Further reading
 C. S. Scott and R. C. Fox. 2005. Windows on the evolution of Picrodus (Plesiadapiformes: Primates): morphology and relationships of a species complex from the Paleocene of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 79(4):635-657
 R. Secord. 1998. Paleocene mammalian biostratigraphy of the Carbon Basin, southeastern Wyoming, and age constraints on local phases of tectonism. Rocky Mountain Geology 33(1):119-154
 J. A. Lillegraven. 1994. Age of upper reaches of Hanna Formation, northern Hanna Basin, south-central Wyoming. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E (Paläobiologie) 13:203-219

Paleogene geology of Wyoming
Selandian Stage
Thanetian Stage
Tiffanian
Torrejonian
Paleontology in Wyoming


title: Hoback Formation

text:
The Hoback Formation is a geologic formation in west-central Wyoming, located within the Hoback Basin (directly north of the Green River Basin). It formed as a result of increased sedimentation rates from the Laramide Orogeny and preserves fossils dating back to the late Paleogene period, through the early Eocene.

The Hoback Formation was likely formed in a forested floodplain environment during a period of humid climate, as indicated by plentiful coal, carbonaceous shale, and fossilized plant remains. Many of the beds observed are dull in color, indicating that they formed in a reducing environment - another sign of a floodplain depositional environment, as standing water and waterlogged soil would be present for a substantial portion of the year. A prominent sandstone facies (with crossbedding, overbank deposits, and large pebbly deposits), thought to represent a large stream, is also present through much of the formation.

Fossils found within the Hoback Formation include bone fragments, turtles, larger mammals, molluscs, scales, fish teeth, and a wide variety of fossilized plant material (including fossilized wood). Signs of early Cenozoic crocodiles have also been found.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Indian Meadows Formation

text:
The Indian Meadows Formation is a Wasatchian geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period.

Fossil content
The following fossils have been reported from the formation:

Mammals
Primates
 Absarokius abbotti
 Cantius sp.
Artiodactyls
 Diacodexis metsiacus
 Artiodactyla indet.
Cimolesta
 Esthonyx sp.
Eutheria
 Chriacus gallinae
Ferae
 Didymictis sp.
Glires
 Paramys copei
 P. excavatus
Macroscelidea
 Haplomylus speirianus
Multituberculata
 Parectypodus lunatus
Pantodonta
 Coryphodon sp.
Perissodactyls
 Homogalax protapirinus
 Homogalax sp.
 Equidae indet.
Placentalia
 Hyopsodus loomisi
 Phenacodus vortmani
 Ectocion cf. osbornianus
 Hyopsodus sp.
 Phenacodus sp.
Theriiformes
 Oxyaenidae indet.

Wasatchian correlations

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Eocene Series of North America
Paleogene geology of Wyoming
Ypresian Stage
Wasatchian
Paleontology in Wyoming


title: Lamar River Formation

text:
The Lamar River Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Pass Peak Formation

text:
The Pass Peak Formation is a Wasatchian geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period.

Fossil content
The following fossils have been found in the formation:

Mammals
Artiodactyls
 Diacodexis sp.
Erinaceomorpha
 Diacodon celatus
Glires
 Paramys copei
Macroscelidea
 Adapisoricidae indet.
Perissodactyla
 Hyracotherium cf. vasacciense
Placentalia
 Hyopsodus cf. wortmani

Wasatchian correlations

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Bibliography

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Eocene Series of North America
Paleogene geology of Wyoming
Ypresian Stage
Wasatchian
Paleontology in Wyoming


title: Almy Formation

text:
The Almy Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Aycross Formation

text:
The Aycross Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Bridger Formation

text:
The Bridger Formation is a geologic formation in southwestern Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Bridgerian and Uintan stages of the Paleogene Period. The formation was named by American geologist Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden for Fort Bridger, which had itself been named for mountain man Jim Bridger. The Bridger Wilderness covers much of the Bridger Formation's area.

History

Before colonization, the lands making up the Bridger Formation had been inhabited by the Apsáalooke, Bannock, Eastern Shoshone, Hinono'eino, Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Só'taeo'o, Tsétsêhéstâhese, and Ute nations. European settlers began to settle the area around the Bridger Formation in the 19th century, beginning with the establishment of the Oregon Trail in 1830. Fort Bridger – for which the formation would later be named – was established in 1843 by Jim Bridger and Louis Vasquez. In 1868, the remaining Indigenous communities in the area were displaced by the Treaty of Fort Bridger, removing them to the Fort Hall Indian Reservation and Wind River Indian Reservation.

The first documented fossils to be recovered from the Bridger Formation were discovered on 11 August 1849 by Captain Howard Stansbury, who documented the discovery of fossilized shells and wood in his expedition report while scouting out the region for the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. In the early-1860s, trapper Jack Robinson claimed to have discovered a number of sites along the base of the Uinta Mountains where grizzly bears had been turned to stone. When these claims were called into question by judge William A. Carter, Robinson brought Carter a bag filled with the fossils. One of the specimens recovered by Robinson was a well-preserved skull which resembled that of a grizzly bear. Judger Carter invited Louis Agassiz to observe the local strata, but Agassiz declined as the journey would have involved riding horseback to the site, a mode of transportation Agassiz abhorred. Carter's son-in-law, Dr. J. Van A. Carter, would go on to send a number of fossils to palaeontologist Joseph Leidy at the University of Pennsylvania in 1869. These fossils included the first Bridgerian fossil taxa, Omomys carteri; and the skull discovered by Robinson, which was described as Palaeosyops paludosus. Another researcher responsible for sending off specimens was Dr. Joseph K. Corson, a close friend of Leidy's who hosted him and his family on two three to Fort Bridger in 1872, 1873, and 1879.

The Bridger Formation was described and named in 1869 by H.V. Hayden while conducting a geological survey in the region on behalf of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. The famously fossiliferous Bridger Formation attracted a number of famed palaeontologists including Henry Fairfield Osborn, William Berryman Scott, and F. Speir, Jr. The Bridger Formation also became a battleground in the Bone Wars between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh.

The Bridger Formation did not see a proper scientific mission until 1903, when Walter W. Granger and William Diller Matthew initiated a three-year survey of the strata, during which time Matthew identified the Bridger Formation's distinct members by using local limestone layers as marker beds. Later expeditions brought other researchers to the region, including Charles Lewis Gazin.

Geology
The Bridger Formation overlies the Green River Formation and underlies the Bishop Conglomerate. The boundary with the former occurs in the mid-Eocene after the region completed a transition to a drier environment from a moist climate in the early Eocene. Limestone deposits like the Sage Creek Formation separate the three distinct members which make up the Bridger Formation: Blacks Fork (Bridger B),  Twin Buttes (Bridger C & D), and Turtle Bluff (Bridger E). The limestone surrounding the Bridger Formation was deposited on the beds of lakes and ponds at the site during the Eocene. William Diller Matthew used this limestone as marker beds in his initial description of the Bridger Formation in 1909.

Portions formerly considered to be part of the Bridger Formation have since been reassigned to the nearby Uinta Formation.

Palaeobiology
Dozens of Early Eocene (50.3 - 46.2 Ma) mammalian and invertebrate genera are known from the Bridger Formation.

Eutherians

Artiodactyls

Achaenodontidae

Homacodontidae

Carnivoramorphans

stem Carnivoramophans

Miacidae

Viverravidae

Carnivorans

Cimolestans

Apatemyidae

Esthonychidae

Pantolestidae

Creodontans

Hyaenodontidae

Oxyaenidae

Dinoceratans

Eulipotyphlans

Erinaceomorpha

Geolabididae

Nyctitheriidae

Leptictidans

Macroscelids

Mesonychids

Perissodactyls

Amynodontidae

Brontotheriidae

Equidae

Hyopsodontidae

Hyrachyidae

Hyracodontidae

Isectolophidae

Tapiroidea

Palaeanodonta

Pholidotans

Plesiadapiformes

Primates

Microsyopidae

Notharctidae

Omomyidae

Rodentia

Cylindrodontidae

Ischyromyidae

Paramyidae

Reithroparamyidae

Sciuravidae

Metatherians

Herpetotheriidae

Peradectidae

Birds

Gruiformes

Strigiformes

Fish

Amiidae

Ariidae

Lepisosteidae

Osteoglossidae

Reptiles

Crocodilia

Squamates

Anguidae

Boidae

Chamaeleonidae

Rhineuridae

Teiidae

Varanidae

Testudines

Baenidae

Carettochelyidae

Dermatemydidae

Emydidae

Geoemydidae

Testudinidae

Trionychidae

Incertae sedis

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming

Lutetian Stage


title: Goose Egg Formation

text:
The Goose Egg Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Permian System of North America


title: Minnekahta Formation

text:
The Minnekahta Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming, United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Permian System of North America


title: Satanka Formation

text:
The Satanka Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Permian System of North America


title: Casper Formation

text:
The Casper Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming, USA. It preserves fossils dating back to the Pennsylvanian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Permian System of North America


title: Reinado Internacional del Café 2015

text:
Reinado Internacional del Café 2015 was held in Manizales, Colombia, on January 10, 2015. At the end of the event, the outgoing queen Priscilla Durand Reina Internacional del Café 2014 from Brazil crowned Yuri Uchida of Japan as his successor.

Results

Special awards

Contestants

Crossovers
Contestants who previously competed or will compete at other beauty pageants:

Miss World:
2016:  – Jéssica Melania González Monge
2015:  – Stefanía de Jesús Alemán

Miss Earth:
2014:  – Eloísa Gutiérrez

Miss International:
2014:  – Katharina Rodin
2014:  – Kesiah Papsasin
2014:  – Claudia Herrera

Miss Grand International:
2014:  – Karla Bovet

Miss Intercontinental:
2011:  – Maritza León
2012:  – Kesiah Papsasin
2014:  – Isabel Soloaga

Reina Hispanoamericana:
2014:  – Leslye Santos Vargas (Best Hair)

Miss Continente Americano:
2012:  – Kesiah Papsasin (Miss Congeniality)

Miss Italia nel Mondo:
2011:  – Vitória Machado Bisognin

Miss Global Internacional:
2014:  – Sade Nataly Colebrook

Reina Internacional del Arroz:
2014:  – María Fernanda Badaracco (3rd runner-up)

Reina Internacional del Joropo:
2014:  – María Fernanda Badaracco

Miss Trifino:
2013:  – Stefanía de Jesús Alemán

Notes

Returns
Last competed in 1992:

Last competed in 2006:

Last competed in 2011:

Last competed in 2012:

Last competed in 2013:

Withdraws

Replacements
 : María José Alvarado died in November 2014 was replaced by Paola Sarras.

References

External links
 Instituto de Cultura y Turismo de Manizales
 Alcaldía de Manizales
 Feria de Manizales

2015
2015 beauty pageants
2015 in Colombia
January 2015 events in South America


title: 2014 White Spot / Delta Road Race

text:
The 2014 White Spot / Delta Road Race was a one-day women's cycle  race held in Tsawwassen, British Columbia, Canada on 6 July 2014. The race has an UCI rating of 1.2.

Result

References

Grand Prix cycliste de Gatineau
Grand Prix cycliste de Gatineau
Cycle races in Canada


title: High Plains Comedy Festival

text:
High Plains Comedy Festival is a comedy festival held each August in Denver, Colorado. It was founded in 2013 by Denver comedian/writer Adam Cayton-Holland and comedian/producer Andy Juett. The festival features a mix of local and national comics in venues throughout Denver's Baker neighborhood. Starting in 2016, Juett parted ways with the festival and Karen Wachtel became executive producer. As of 2019, the production team includes Cayton-Holland, Wachtel, Jessi Whitten, Ron Doyle, Carlos Madrid, and Will Hancock.

2013
High Plains was established in 2013 as Denver's first all stand-up comedy festival and ran August 23-24, 2013. The festival was sponsored by Denver-based burrito restaurant Illegal Pete's. The lineup included Kyle Kinane, Sean Patton, Andrew Orvedahl, Adam Cayton-Holland, Ben Roy, Kurt Braunohler, Jake Weisman, Ian Douglas Terry, Andy Wood, Kate Berlant and Amber Tozer. Headliner Reggie Watts joined dozens of local Denver comedians, live podcast recordings, and open mic shows to round out the festival. Venues included South Broadway bars, restaurants and clubs including the Hi-Dive, the Hornet, 3 Kings Tavern, and Mutiny Information Cafe, along with the Gothic Theatre in neighboring Englewood, Colorado.

2014
High Plains returned for its second year August 22-23, 2014. The headlining performances took place in the historic McNichols Building in Civic Center Park. The 2014 lineup included Pete Holmes, T.J. Miller, Jared Logan, Kate Berlant, Kumail Nanjiani, Ben Kronberg, Cameron Esposito, and Beth Stelling, along with more than 25 other comedians.

References

External links
 Official site of acts and tickets

Comedy festivals in the United States
Festivals in Denver
Recurring events established in 2013
Tourist attractions in Denver
2013 establishments in Colorado


title: Reinhard Mecke

text:
Reinhard Mecke (born 14 July 1895 in Stettin; died 30 December 1969) was a German physicist, who focused on chemical physics. He was one of the pioneers of infrared spectroscopy.

Reinhard Mecke studied from 1913 mathematics and physics at the universities of Freiburg, Bern and Marburg and did his doctorate at Franz Richarz in Marburg in 1920 on halos in homogeneous nebulas. He then worked for Heinrich Konen at the university of Bonn, where he habilitated in 1923 on spectral bands of jod and where he became a privatdozent. 1927 he married one of his PhD students M. Guillery and had with her nine children including Dieter Mecke.

1932 he became extraordinary professor for chemical physics at the University of Heidelberg, as proposed by Max Trautz. He investigated spectral bands of evaporated water and infrared and Raman spectroscopy of small organic molecules. He proved the existence of the spin onto rotary oscillation spectra of molecules. 1937 he became professor for theoretical physics at the university of Freiburg and investigated there hydrogen bonds by infrared spectroscopy. 1942 he became ordinary professor and director of the Institute for Physical Chemistry. Additionally, he was in 1958 the founder and until 1968 the director of the Institute for electric materials (Institut für Elektrowerkstoffe) of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the head of the Institute for Physical Chemistry. 1963 he retired in Freiburg.

1964 he became member of the Leopoldina. 1965 he received the Bunsen medal.
He was co-author of the Handbuch der Physik by Geiger and Scheel. His article Vorlesungstechnik with Anton Lambertz of the first volume was also published as a book. He was one of the organisers of the Conferences of nobel laureates in Lindau.

Literature

References

External links
Theoretical Chemistry Genealogy Project
Geschichte des Instituts für Physikalische Chemie, Freiburg

1895 births
1969 deaths
Scientists from Szczecin
20th-century German physicists
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
Academic staff of Heidelberg University


title: Birdpen

text:
BirdPen is an English musical duo formed by Dave Pen (also guitarist and singer in Archive) and Mike Bird.

They released their fifth studio album, There's Something Wrong With Everything, in 2018.

Members
Dave Pen: vocals, guitar, keyboards
Mike Bird: guitar, keyboards

History
Founded in 2003, BirdPen released several EPs in limited editions between 2005 and 2006. Those EPs were followed by the Breaking Precedent EP' in 2008, and by the On/Off/Safety/Danger LP in 2009, with critics comparing them to Radiohead Following the release of their album, BirdPen served as an opening act of the Archive's Controlling Crowds tour in Europe.

BirdPen came back in 2012 with their second album, named Global Lows. Their third record In The Company of Imaginary Friends was released in 2015 on J.A.R Records / Fintage Music. The band's fourth album, O' Mighty Vision, was released on 26 August 2016.

The 2012 album Global Lows was nominated for 'Best European Independent Album' at the IMPALA awards.

The fifth BirdPen album, There's Something Wrong With Everything, was released in 2018.

Discography

Discussing Robots – Dig That Hole EP (2003)
"Discussing Robots" – 3:33
"Dig That Hole" – 5:16

This first EP was released on 7" vinyl.

Fake Kid EP (2005)
"Fake Kid" – 5:43
"A Round Of Applause for A Great Disaster" – 4:41
"Huron" – 5:46
"10,000 Dead Stars" (CD-ROM video)

Be Yourself EP (2006)
"Be Yourself" – 3:55
"Slow" – 4:54
"Sunlight Darkening" – 5:49

One in Fifty-Four EP (2007)
"A Good Start" – 0:48
"Lost Control" – 3:21
"I'm Never Leaving Home Again" – 4:43
"Put You Back Together" – 3:44
"One in Fifty-Four" – 5:43
"Home" – 0:53
This EP is a limited edition of 100.

Breaking Precedent EP (2008)
"Breaking Precedent" (Radio Edit) – 3:27
"Machines Live Like Ordinary People" – 4:40
"Man The Thinker" – 4:05
"Implode and Fold" – 3:21
"Breaking Precedent" – 5:43
This EP is available on most of the legal download websites.

On/Off/Safety/Danger (2009)
"Breaking Precedent" – 4:45
"Airspace" – 5:52
"Off" – 4:24
"Machines Live Like Ordinary People" – 4:35
"Man On Fire" – 5:18
"The Ghost Bird" – 2:47
"Admiral Red" – 8:01
"Slow" – 4:53
"The Bird and The Antennas" – 1:42
"Thorns" – 5:28
"Cold Blood" – 6:34

Global Lows (2012)
"No Escape" – 6:46
"Nature Regulate" – 6:05
"Saver Destroyer" – 3:54
"Mule" – 4:29
"Sorrow" – 5:24
"Only The Names Change" – 7:12
"Missing Sun" – 3:53
"A Thousand Followers" – 5:28
"The Bridge" – 4:03
"The Safety in Numbers Is Now Zero" – 7:04

In The Company of Imaginary Friends (2015)
"Like a Mountain" – 5:36
"Somewhere" – 4:24
"Into The Blacklight" – 4:50
"T.C.T.T.Y.A" – 6:22
"Lost It" – 5:45
"Lake's Demand for an Interlude" – 1:49
"No Place Like Drone" – 9:41
"Alive" – 4:18
"Lifeline" – 4:48
"Cell Song" – 2:51
"Equal Parts Hope and Dread" – 3:36

O' Mighty Vision (2016)
"O' Mighty Vision" – 5:48
"The Chairman" – 3:56
"Tookit" – 4:11
"The Solution is the Route of All My Problems" – 12:23
"Trust" – 6:15
"Traitors" – 5:12
"Dance to the End" – 5:26
"The Underground" – 5:38

All Function One (2021)
"Function" – 5:24
"Life in Design" – 4:20
"Modern Junk"
"Shakes"
"Seat 35"
"Blackhole"
"Flames"
"Otherside"
"Changes"
"Universe"
"Invisible" – 4:05
"Undone"

References

External links
 Official site

English rock music groups


title: Theriot, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana

text:
Theriot (also Bayou du Large) is an unincorporated community in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, United States. Its ZIP code is 70397.

Notes

Unincorporated communities in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Louisiana
Unincorporated communities in Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area


title: Alcova Limestone

text:
The Alcova Limestone is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Crow Mountain Formation

text:
The Crow Mountain Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Red Peak Formation

text:
The Red Peak Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming belonging to the Chugwater Group. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

It is composed of siltstone, claystone, and very fine grained sandstone that is reddish orange; some grayish red, reddish purple, and minor amounts of light greenish gray also occur. Strata are thinly laminated to thin bedded, commonly ripple laminated; upper part forms cliffs and ledges, lower part poorly exposed. The Red Peak is 168–177 m (550–580 feet) thick.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Gartra Formation

text:
The Gartra Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Jelm Formation

text:
The Jelm Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Woodside Formation

text:
The Woodside Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Geologic formations of Wyoming
Triassic Idaho
Triassic geology of Wyoming


title: Gunsmoke (season 15)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 15 aired in the United States on September 22, 1969, and the final episode aired on March 23, 1970.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 15 of Gunsmoke was the fourth season of color episodes.  Previous seasons were filmed in black-and-white.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with deputy Festus Haggen (Ken Curtis); Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and deputy Newly O'Brien (Buck Taylor).

Cast and characters

Main

 James Arness as Matt Dillon
 Ken Curtis as Festus
 Milburn Stone as Doc
 Amanda Blake as Kitty
 Buck Taylor as Newly

Production

Season 15 consisted of 26 one-hour color episodes produced by John Mantley and associate producer Joseph Dackow.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season fifteen aired Mondays at 7:30-8:30 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The fifteenth season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in a two volume set on October 1, 2019.

Reception
Gunsmoke season 15 reached #2 in the Nielsen ratings.

Awards and nominations

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 15}}
 Gunsmoke season 15 at TV Guide''

Gunsmoke seasons


title: Howard W. Jones

text:
Howard Wilbur Jones, Jr. (December 30, 1910 – July 31, 2015) was an American gynecological surgeon and in vitro fertilization (IVF) specialist. Jones and his wife, Georgeanna Seegar Jones, were two of the earliest reproductive medicine specialists in the United States. They established the reproductive medicine center that was responsible for the birth of the first IVF baby in the U.S. He wrote articles on the beginning of human personhood and testified before legislators on the same subject. He was one of the early physicians to perform sex reassignment surgeries.

Jones was on the faculty at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine from the 1940s until his mandatory retirement from the institution in 1978. He and his wife moved to Virginia and were affiliated with Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS). Jones retired in the 1990s, but he continued to write and spent time at EVMS until shortly before his death.

Early life
Jones was born in Baltimore to Howard Wilbur Jones, Sr. and Edith Ruth Marling Jones on December 30, 1910. Even though he lived in the city, Jones was educated for a few years in a rural public school to avoid the city public school system. When Jones was a child, he went on house calls and hospital visits with his father, who was a physician. Jones's father died when he was 13 years old. Jones's mother moved him to a private school after the death of his father.

He earned an undergraduate degree from Amherst College in 1931 and a medical degree from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1935. Jones completed a residency in surgery and then joined the U.S. Army during World War II, leading an Auxiliary Surgical Group team in Patton's Third Army. After the war, Jones was invited to complete a second residency in gynecology.

Career
Jones and his wife joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins on a part-time basis in 1948. He was the initial treating physician  of Henrietta Lacks when she presented to Johns Hopkins with cancer in 1951. Jones took a biopsy of Lacks's tumor and sent samples to his laboratory colleagues. The cells, later known as HeLa cells, grew at an astonishing rate in the lab and were shipped and sold to researchers for various purposes. Research with the cells helped to facilitate medical breakthroughs, including the vaccines for polio and human papillomavirus, though controversy later arose because the cells were being used without the knowledge of Lacks or her family. Jones's role in the Lacks case was described in the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks.

In 1960, the Joneses left private practice to join the Johns Hopkins faculty full-time. While there, Howard Jones participated in sex reassignment surgeries. In 1967, when sexual identity specialist John Money recommended sex reassignment for a child named David Reimer, Jones performed the surgery. Reimer, who had suffered a severe penile injury during a circumcision, was 22 months old when Jones removed his testicles, shaped his scrotal tissue to look like labia and repositioned his urethral opening. Money declared the procedure a success. The case became controversial when Milton Diamond published a 1997 follow-up study revealing Reimer experienced gender identity problems and lived as a man in adulthood. Reimer ultimately committed suicide at the age of 38.

In the 1960s, he was able to participate in experiments involving sperm and oocytes with Robert Edwards, the doctor whose work later created the world's first test tube baby. In 1978, Jones faced mandatory retirement from Johns Hopkins. The Joneses moved to Virginia and established the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine at the Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS). They created an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program at EVMS, which resulted in the 1981 birth of Elizabeth Jordan Carr, the first test tube baby in the country. Before his first successful IVF treatment, the clinic experienced 41 failed attempts at IVF.

After his wife developed Alzheimer's disease in the late 1990s, Jones officially retired from his institute so that he could care for her. However, as of 2013, Jones still spent a few hours per day at EVMS and was writing his twelfth book. In February 2012, Jones successfully appealed to Virginia legislators to stop a bill that would have declared life to begin at conception. Jones said that the bill would have interfered with medical treatment for infertility.

Jones has been recognized with a Distinguished Service Award from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. He was named a Fellow ad eundem of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1986. Jones and his wife received Distinguished Alumnus Awards from Johns Hopkins University in 1997.

Personal life
In 2011, Jones wrote an article for The Yale Journal for Humanities in Medicine on his keys to a long life. "First, I am the result of a tremendous shuffling of genetic material, which included some 3 billion potential variables. I got lucky. My combination seems to confer longevity," he said. He also wrote that his career and his family life had been enjoyable and rewarding, which had enhanced his longevity.

Jones was married for 64 years before his wife's 2005 death. A son, Howard Jones, III, became the chairman of obstetrics and gynecology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2009. A daughter, Georgeanna Jones Klingensmith, is a pediatric endocrinologist in Denver.

Death
Jones died of respiratory failure on July 31, 2015, at the age of 104. He had been hospitalized at the Sentara Heart Hospital for the two weeks preceding his death.

Selected publications

Articles

Books
 Jones, Howard W., Jr. (2015). "Howard & Georgeanna". Williamsburg, VA: Jamestowne Bookworks.
 Jones, Howard W., Jr. (2014). "In Vitro Fertilization Comes to America: Memoir of a Medical Breakthrough". Williamsburg, VA: Jamestowne Bookworks.
 Jones, Howard W., Jr. (2013). Personhood Revisited: Reproductive Technology, Bioethics, Religion and the Law. Minneapolis: Langdon Street Press.
 Crockin, Susan L., and Jones, Howard W., Jr. (2010). Legal Conceptions: The Evolving Law and Policy of Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

References

American gynecologists
1910 births
2015 deaths
Amherst College alumni
Eastern Virginia Medical School faculty
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine alumni
Johns Hopkins Hospital physicians
American centenarians
Men centenarians
Surgeons specializing in transgender medicine


title: Lac au Saumon (Matapédia)

text:
Lac au Saumon (Salmon Lake) is a fresh water body located in the Matapédia Valley. It is situated in La Matapédia Regional County Municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada.

References

Saumon


title: Wind River Formation

text:
The Wind River Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleogene period. A recent study by Stanford suggests that fracking has contaminated the entire ground water resource in the basin.

Fossil content

Mammals

Apatotheres

Cimolestans

Leptictids

Primatomorphs

Rodents

Ungulates

Reptiles

Squamates

Invertebrates

Insects

Plants

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Paleogene geology of Wyoming


title: Shooting Iron Formation

text:
The Shooting Iron Formation is a geologic formation in Wyoming. It preserves fossils of the Pliocene.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Wyoming
 Paleontology in Wyoming

References

Neogene geology of Wyoming


title: Ground frog (disambiguation)

text:
The ground frog (Eupsophus) is a genus of frogs in the family Alsodidae endemic to Patagonia.

Ground frog may also refer to:

 Australian ground frog, a family of frogs (Myobatrachidae) found in Australia and New Guinea
 Wrinkled ground frog (Platymantis), a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae found in the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and in the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands

Animal common name disambiguation pages


title: Paul Wilson (translator)

text:
Paul Robert Wilson (born 3 July 1941 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian translator and writer. In 1967 he moved to Czechoslovakia where he performed as a singer with The Plastic People of the Universe. Because he was a member of this group, he was expelled from Czechoslovakia in 1977. This band was banned in Czechoslovakia and their recordings could not be officially released. Wilson later founded a record label Boží Mlýn and released some of their recordings in Canada.

Paul Wilson later went on to become one of the major translators into English of Václav Havel's work. In 2006 he was working on a new translation of The Memorandum for the Havel Festival, which also features two of his other translations.
He also translated many books, such as I Served the King of England by Bohumil Hrabal, from Czech to English, and more recently Mr. Kafka and Other Tales from the Time of the Cult (2015).

References

External links
Official website

1941 births
Living people
Canadian male singers
Canadian translators
Musicians from Hamilton, Ontario
Czech–English translators
Writers from Hamilton, Ontario


title: Laura Pescatori

text:
Laura Pescatori () was an influential favorite of the queen of Spain, Elisabeth Farnese. Originally the nurse of the queen, she became known as the favorite confidante of the queen as wielded influence as a channel to the queen. She was courted by foreign diplomats, and was reportedly behind the fall of Cardinal Alberoni.

Early years
Laura Pescatori was Elisabeth Farnese's nurse during her childhood in Parma.

She did not accompany her in her retinue when Elisabeth left Italy for her marriage to King Philip V of Spain in 1714.   In Spain, Elisabeth quickly became the de facto ruler through the king and by the guidance of the Parmese ambassador, Cardinal Alberoni.

During the first pregnancy of Queen Elisabeth, the Duke of Parma consented to send Laura Pescatori to Elisabeth to superintend her first confinement.

Early years in Spain
Laura Pescatori arrived to Spain in September 1715.   The queen had promised Alberoni that Pescatori would not be allowed to exert any influence upon the affairs of state.

Pescatori was immediately noted to have a great influence upon the queen.   She was described as jovial and good natured and at first did not seem to use her influence for other than menial matters.

She brought with a daughter, whom she married to the adventurer count Cucurani.

Criticism of Pescatori
Alberoni, however, soon complained about her influence and viewed it as a threat to the queen's reputation and position, and thereby his own power position. He accused her of greed and of trying to undermine his position as the queen's adviser by keeping the queen idle.

Pescatori, in collaboration with the queen's confidante Countess Somaglia, acted as a medium of communication between the queen and her former chaplain Maggiali, who she wished to bring to court, a wish Alberoni opposed as she was reputed to be in love with Maggiali.

Laura Pescatori, however, helped the queen secure a stronger power base by assisting her in creating a net of clients by handing out favors.

Funds were raised to finance the return of Pescatori to Parma, but the queen continued to postpone it.

Later years
Laura Pescatori joined in the opposition to Cardinal Alberoni and was instrumental to his fall in 1719.   She was inclined to benefit France, and the French ambassador therefore courted her through her son-in-law.

In 1721, the conflict between her and Marquis Scotti, another Italian confidant of the queen, which was demonstrated through arguments in the presence of the queen, resulted in Scotti almost being sent back to Italy.

She was promoted to the post of the queen's zafaja. This meant that she could give visitors access to the queen and that she handled the secret correspondence of the queen, and apparently accepted bribes from foreign diplomats.   The king treated her with respect, and the queen told the court to put up with her temper, as she had to do so herself.

In 1736, a plot was suspected against minister Patino created by a cabal consisting of Minister Montijo, the Italian doctor Cervi, Marquis Scotti, Laura Pescatori and her protege Campo Florido.   In the same year, however, the influence of Pescatori upon the queen appear to have deteriorated in favor of the Marchioness Las Nieves, who became the most noted female friend of the queen since the departure of the Duchess of S:t Pierre and the marriage of La Pellegrina, who had the task of regularly informing the queen of gossip and who by 1736 was said to be the one who should be courted for supplicants to the queen.

Sources

18th-century Italian people
18th-century Spanish people
Spanish royal favourites
Spanish courtiers


title: Dotsero Formation

text:
The Dotsero Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Cambrian Colorado
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Sawatch Formation

text:
The Sawatch Formation is a geologic formation in eastern Colorado. It is a sedimentary sequence formed approximately 530 million years ago during a marine transgression. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It is composed of glauconitic and quartz-rich sandstone.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0718/report.pdf

Cambrian Colorado
Cambrian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Battle Mountain Formation

text:
The Battle Mountain Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado


title: Aaron Lee Tasjan

text:
Aaron Lee Tasjan (born August 24, 1986) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer.

Tasjan is reported to have his own distinct version of "indie folk grit." Garret Woodward of the Smoky Mountain News says, "Tasjan's words are soaked in spilled whiskey, misunderstood tears and dusty memories. Each number seeps into the cracks of your troubled soul."

Biography
Tasjan was born in Wilmington, Delaware.  His family moved to San Juan Capistrano, California, when he was ten years old, then later moved to New Albany, Ohio, about 25 minutes northeast of Columbus. Both of Tasjan's parents are musicians, but neither played professionally.  Tasjan taught himself to play guitar at age 11 by learning Oasis songs.  By age 16 Tasjan had performed with Peter Yarrow and been the recipient of the Outstanding Guitarist Award in the Essentially Ellington Competition at Jazz at Lincoln Center, New York City. He was offered a full scholarship to the Berklee College of Music following his graduation from New Albany High School, but decided instead to move to Brooklyn, New York in 2006.

In New York, Tasjan met Justin Tranter, Cole Whittle, and Dan Crean and formed the band Semi Precious Weapons. Tasjan's work with SPW caught the eye of Drivin' N' Cryin's Kevn Kinney, who later invited Tasjan to tour with him as an opening act and guitar player. He also mentored Tasjan, advising him that a musician never has to be defined by one sound or genre. This principle has helped shape Tasjan's work. Tony Visconti produced SPW's debut album, We Love You, and they signed with Razor & Tie Records. Shortly thereafter, Tasjan left SPW and formed his own band, The Madison Square Gardeners, which was described by The Village Voice as, "The best NYC has to offer." Tasjan remained with them for three years, during which time they recorded one full-length album and 3 EPs.

In 2013 Tasjan moved to Nashville, TN to focus on songwriting and a solo career.  He has since released 2 EPs, "Crooked River Burning" and "Telling Stories to the Wall".

Tasjan's debut full-length effort, In the Blazes, was released on October 6, 2015, and his follow-up, Silver Tears, was released October 28, 2016.

Collaborations
Tasjan linked up with rock poet—and former Semi Precious Weapons manager—BP Fallon to write the song I Believe in Elvis Presley, produced by Jack White, and released on the Third Man Records label. The pair also collaborated with Sean Lennon and Irina Lazareanu in their art-rock band, Operation Juliet.  In 2013 Fallon and Tasjan formed another project, BP Fallon & The Bandits, which included Clem Burke, Ian McLagan, and Nigel Harrison. Texas Country superstar Pat Green recorded Tasjan's "Streets of Galilee," for the album Songs We Wish We'd Written 2, and was so impressed by the songwriter that he asked Tasjan to record the song with him. The record later reached number 15 on the US Country Billboard Charts.

Highway Prayer: A Tribute to Adam Carroll, released in late fall 2016 on Austin-based Eight 30 Records, features Tasjan and fellow East Nashvillian Tim Easton collaborating on Carroll's "Black Flag Blues."

Tasjan also released a 7” with Lilly Hiatt on Jack White’s Third Man Records. Tasjan and Hiatt later collaborated on Tom Petty’s Walls, released the week of Petty's passing.

Discography
 Hard Love and Free Luck (2008)
 August Moon EP (2011)
 The Thinking Man's Filth EP (2012)
 Crooked River Burning EP (2014)
 Telling Stories to the Wall EP (2015)
 In the Blazes (2015)
 Silver Tears (2016)
 Karma for Cheap (2018)
 Karma for Cheap: Reincarnated (2019)
 Tasjan! Tasjan! Tasjan! (2021)

Singles
 Luck Mansion Sessions (2017)

References

External links
 Official website

Living people
American rock songwriters
American acoustic guitarists
American male guitarists
American folk guitarists
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American folk singers
Singer-songwriters from Ohio
People from New Albany, Ohio
21st-century American singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
21st-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Ohio
21st-century American male singers
Semi Precious Weapons members
1986 births


title: Belden Shale

text:
The Belden Shale is a geologic formation in Colorado near the town of McCoy. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Leadville Limestone

text:
The Leadville Limestone is a Mississippian geologic formation in the western United States. In Colorado, the upper part is oolitic limestone, while the lower part is primarily dolomite, and somewhat sandy beds indicate the bottom of the formation.

The formation is sparsely fossiliferous but contains many calcareous algae, Foraminifera (Endothyra), sponges, corals (Syringopora), Bryozoa, many brachiopods, gastropods (Bellerophon, Straparolus), Cephalopoda, fragments of ostracods, abundant fragments of crinoids, echinoid spines, and teeth of fish.

A metamorphic facies of this formation is known as the Yule Marble and has been quarried for construction materials.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: McCoy Formation

text:
The McCoy Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado
Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits


title: Minturn Formation

text:
The Minturn Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. Among the fossils preserved are of crinoids, spiriferid brachiopods, gastropods, and the spines and teeth of numerous sharks such as Petalodus

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado


title: Sangre de Cristo Formation

text:
The Sangre de Cristo Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado and New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the late Pennsylvanian to early Permian.

Description

The formation is divided into an informal lower member and an upper Crestone Conglomerate Member. The lower informal member consists of about  of red arkosic sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, siltstone, and shale. These are arranged into fining upwards cycles. The  Crestone Conglomerate Member consists of about  of red conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, and minor siltstone and shale.

The formation is exposed in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in both southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. However, the exposures in the southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains were deposited in a distinct basin (the Rowe-Mora basin) rather than the central Colorado basin, lack the marine beds found in Colorado, and should probably be assigned instead to the Abo Formation.

Fossils
The informal lower members contains sparse fossiliferous limestone beds containing crinoids, brachiopods, stromatolites, fusulinids, and conodonts.

Outcrops near the headwaters of the Pecos River include tetrapod footprints, identified as Batrachichnus, Limnopus, Ichniotherium, Tambachichnium, Dimetropus, and Dromopus. Less identifiable specimens may be Matthewichnus, Notalacerta, and Hyloidichnus. The assemblage is consistent with a late Artinskian age.

History of investigation
The formation was first described by Hills in 1899. F.A.Melton described the unit in 1925 as the Sangre de Cristo Conglomerate and defined a Crestone Conglomerate Phase (later Crestone Conglomerate Member).

Footnotes

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado
Permian formations of New Mexico


title: Weber Formation

text:
The Weber Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Late Pennsylvanian.

See also
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Carboniferous Colorado


title: Bernie May (geneticist)

text:
Bernie May (born 1947) is a geneticist, known for his work applying genetic tools to address questions in natural resource management and conservation, with a particular focus on aquatic species. He is director of the Genomic Variation Lab and was adjunct professor in the Department of Animal Science at the University of California, Davis from 1995 to 2014 and is now an Emeritus Research Professor. May has published over 200 papers in 65 journals on divergent taxa, including fish, crustaceans, insects, plants, fungi, and mammals, bringing simple Mendelian genetic data to answer a diverse array of biological and ecological questions.

Biography
May received a Bachelor of Science in molecular biology from the University of Washington in 1973, a master's degree in fisheries from the University of Washington in 1975 under Fred M. Utter, and a PhD in Genetics from The Pennsylvania State University in 1980 under the late Dr. James E. Wright, Jr.  In 1981, he started the Cornell University Laboratory for Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics, serving as its Senior Research Associate and Director for 14 years. He then moved to the University of California, Davis in 1995, where he initiated the Genomic Variation Laboratory, serving as its director and an adjunct professor in the Department of Animal Science.  He retired in June 2014 and became an Emeritus Research Professor at the University of California, Davis.  He has been a  for his entire career.

As a graduate student and early career investigator, Dr. May pioneered the application of allozyme electrophoresis to measure genetic variability in aquatic organisms.  His Master's thesis included a manual for allozyme electrophoresis, has been widely referenced, and subsequently appeared as a book chapter. He contributed key papers that played an integral role in forming our current understanding of the structure and evolution of salmonid genomes. He was an important player in the early mapping of the salmonid genome and coined the term “residual tetrasomy". During his early career Dr. May also discovered the presence of and coined the name for the quagga mussel. He designed one of the earliest graphical user interface population genetic software programs, Genes in Populations.

However, one of the most significant contributions that Dr. May has made to the field of science has been through his mentoring activities and he won the University of California, Davis Graduate Group in Ecology award for Most Valuable Professor in 2007 for his mentoring service.  Dr. May advised over 28 PhD and six Master's students, served on the committees of 38 others, and influenced hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students over the course of his career. The majority of his over 200 peer-reviewed publications have been co-authored with students or postdocs.  Three of these papers have been recognized as outstanding by the American Fisheries Society through the Robert L. Kendall Award (1994, 2013) and the Phelps Award (2008).

References

1947 births
Living people
American geneticists
University of California, Davis faculty
University of Washington College of the Environment alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni


title: Lewis Shale

text:
The Lewis Shale is a geologic formation in the Western United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the Campanian to Maastrichtian stages of the late Cretaceous period.

Description

The Lewis Shale is an olive-gray marine shale with some thin beds of claystone, siltstone, sandstone, and limestone. It was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway in the late Cretaceous. The formation crops out in the Bighorn Basin, Green River Basin, Powder River Basin, San Juan Basin, and Wind River Basin.

In the San Juan Basin, the formation has a maximum thickness of over  in the northern part of the basin, but pinches out in the southern part of the basin. It is the stratigraphically highest marine shale in the basin, and is a sandy siltstone rather than a true shale. The upper part of the formation contains the Huerfanito Bentonite Bed, long recognized in the subsurface but recently discovered to crop out near Regina, New Mexico. The bed lies in the upper Baculites scottii biostratigraphic zone and has a radiometric age of 75.76 ± 0.34 million years.

In the Green River Basin, the formation is also up to 600 meters thick and is divided into upper and lower shale members by the Dad Sandstone Member. The Dad Sandstone Member contains hyperpycnites, sediments deposited by floodwater from a river delta that contains so much sediment that it is more dense than seawater and behaves as a sustained turbidity current. This is consistent with deposition of the Lewis Shale as submarine fans deposited in advance of a prograding shoreline.

Fossils
The formation is relatively poor in fossils. However, the formation contains fossils of the ammonites Baculites clinolobatus, Baculites asper, and Rhaeboceras.

Economic geology
The Lewis Shale in the San Juan Basin has historically been a minor source of natural gas. However, there is growing interest in increasing the production of this formation via hydraulic fracturing. While only sixteen wells were completed into the Lewis Shale before 1990, there were over 101 well completions by 1997.

"Dry frac", a form of hydraulic fracturing using carbon dioxide and sand rather than aqueous fracturing fluids, has been tested in the Lewis Shale of the San Juan Basin.

History of investigation
The formation was named by Charles Whitman Cross, A.C. Spencer, and C.W. Purington in 1899 for outcrops near Fort Lewis, Colorado.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

Footnotes

References

Shale formations of the United States
Cretaceous System of North America
Cretaceous Colorado
Cretaceous formations of New Mexico


title: Purgatoire Formation

text:
The Purgatoire Formation is an abandoned (1987) Cretaceous period geologic formation classification. The classification was used in Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, with mentions in older geologic literature in neighboring states.

Units previously classified as members of the abandoned formation, including Lytle, Mesa Rica, Pajarito, Romeroville, and Glencairn, have been generally elevated to formation rank. Particularly, significant divisions of the Purgatoire classification, Lytle and Glencairn, were realized as having characteristics of formations in their own right as well as representing the greatest disconformity in the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Western Interior Seaway. Rather than including these promoted formations in an elevated Purgatoire Group, the Mesa Rica, Pajarito, and Romeroville were placed in a definition of the Dakota Group local to the Dry Cimarron.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Cretaceous Colorado


title: Theriot, Louisiana

text:
Theriot is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Louisiana:

Theriot, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana
Theriot, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana


title: Dyer Formation

text:
The Dyer Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Devonian Colorado
Devonian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Ouray Formation

text:
The Ouray Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Devonian Colorado
Devonian southern paleotropical deposits


title: Pawnee Creek Beds

text:
The Pawnee Creek Beds (also Pawnee Creek Formation) is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Geologic formations of Colorado
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Browns Park Formation

text:
The Browns Park Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Neogene Colorado


title: Martin Canyon Beds

text:
The Martin Canyon Beds is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period.

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Geologic formations of Colorado
Neogene stratigraphic units of North America


title: Troublesome Formation

text:
The Troublesome Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period. It consists of Pale shades of pink, tan, gray, green, and white interbedded siltstone and mudstone, less abundant arkosic sandstone and conglomerate, and sparse limestone and altered crystal-vitric ash and tuff; generally poorly consolidated. It includes atypical deposits containing abundant pink, granitic cobbles and boulders along the western parts of the outcrop in the west-central and southwestern parts of the Granby Quadrangle, Fossil mammals from three sites indicate a late Oligocene age (Kron, 1988).

See also

 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
 Paleontology in Colorado

References

Neogene Colorado