title: George Siber

text:
George Rainer Siber (born September 7, 1944) is a medical researcher and vaccine expert with  years of experience in developing numerous vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostic agents for infectious diseases.

Siber is a former Harvard professor, current adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University and professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, former executive vice president and chief science officer of Wyeth, and advisory committee member of the World Health Organization, US National Institutes of Health, Gates Foundation, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Biography

Early life and education
Siber emigrated from Bavaria, Germany, with his parents at age nine in 1953 to Montreal.  At the time, he spoke no English.  Later, he attended Chambly Academy, where he graduated in 1962.  It was at Chambly, which later become Penfield Academy, that Siber was convinced by Wilder Penfield to pursue a career in medicine.

After high school, he attended Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec from 1962 to 1966, where he graduated with honors and obtained a Bachelor of Science.  Siber then attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he became a Doctor of Medicine in 1970.  It was during this time that Siber published research he completed at the Montreal Neurological Institute.

Siber is both a US and Canadian citizen.  He has homes in Manhattan and Beijing.

Interships, residencies, and fellowships
After graduation in 1970, Siber held several internships, residencies, and fellowships.  Between 1970 and 1972, Siber worked in Chicago as an intern and junior medical resident at Rush University Medical Center.  In 1972, Siber moved to Boston and worked as a senior medical resident and clinical fellow in medicine at Beth Israel Hospital until 1973.  Between 1973 and 1975, Siber worked as a clinical fellow in infectious diseases and research fellow in medicine at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School.  Between 1974 and 1975, Siber was also a fellow for the Medical Research Council of Canada.

Professional experience

Industry appointments
Siber has held several industry appointments for various companies since the mid-1990s.

Siber served as the vice president, chief scientific officer, and senior vice president, and executive vice president for Wyeth from 1996 to 2006.

Siber oversaw the development and approval of several vaccines for Wyeth: including Prevnar pneumococcal vaccine; Acel-Imune acellular pertussis vaccine; Meningitec meningococcal meningitis vaccine; Rotashield rotavirus vaccine; and, FluMist influenza vaccine.

Since retiring from Wyeth Siber has served on the boards of directors of several companies, Since 2007, Siber has served as the executive chairman (until 2013) and as executive director and chairman of the scientific advisory board for Genocea Biosiences in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 2009 he was appointed as the director of Selecta Biosciences in Watertown, Massachusetts. In 2012 he joined the board of directors and SAB of Vedantra Parmaceutcals and the board of Huamei Biotechnologies, also known as Sino-American Biotechnology Company (SABC), in Luoyang, China. In 2014 he co-founded Affinivax and serves on the board of directors.

Siber joined ClearPath Vaccine Company in 2012 and became its chief scientific officer in 2013.

Siber was appointed to the board of trustees of the International Vaccine Institute in Korea in 2014 and chairs the board's science committee.

Siber has served on numerous scientific advisory committees, including Variation Biotechnologies in Cambridge (2008–09), Ligocyte Pharmaceuticals in Bozeman, Missouri (2008–12), Ancora Pharmaceuticals Medford, Massachusetts (2008–12), Prothena Biosciences (previously Neotope) in San Francisco (2009–present), Visterra Inc in Cambridge (2011–14), AbVitro in Boston (2013–present), Vaxess in Cambridge (2014 – present) PaxVax in San Diego (2014–2018), and Veritas Gene (2014–present). Siber also serves on the external advisory board of Aditec on behalf of the EC (2009–present), the Korean FDA, (2011–present) and the Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia (2012–present).

Department of Public Health appointments
Siber served as the assistant director and head of bacterial vaccines for the Massachusetts Public Health Biological Laboratories in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, between 1982 and 1983.  In 1983, he was promoted to the position of director, where he served until 1996.

Academic appointments
Since 1975, Siber has held several academic appointments and teaching positions.

Siber has held positions at Harvard Medical School (associate professor until 1996), Tufts University School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School (professor of medicine until 2012), and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (adjunct professor from 2008 to present).

Between 1975 ad 1996, Siber held several hospital appointments at various hospitals, including Beth Israel Hospital, the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Mouth Auburn Hospital, Harvard University Health Services, and the Children's Hospital.  He served as an assistant physician, associate in medicine, and as courtesy staff across those locations.

Products developed and licenses for marketing and sale
Siber has been directly involved in the creation of several products, most of which were created while working for Wyeth and Mass Biologics.

Siber holds patents on Bactogen, a diagnostic kit for bacterial meningitis, RespiGam, the first Human respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin, and Prevnar, the first Pneumococcal Pneumonia Conjugate.

Respigam was the first antibody licensed for preventing severe RSV infections in high-risk infants and was the precursor product to Synagis, the first human monoclonal antibody for infectious diseases. Prevnar 7 and 13 are for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, the most common and severe bacterial infection of children and elderly adults worldwide causing mortality exceeding 1 million per year. Prevnar is also the most successful commercial vaccine of all time with sales exceeding four billion dollars per year.

Siber also developed Cytogam, the first Cytomegalovirus immune Globulin, BabyBIG, the first infant botulism immune globulin, the Haemophilus influenzae conjugate vaccine in Quinvaxim licensed to Berna, Acellimune, an Acellular pertussis combination vaccine, Meningitex, the first Meningoccus C conjugate vaccine, Rotashield, the first Rotavirus diarrhea vaccine, and FluMist, the first Live attenuated influenza vaccine.

Siber became a diplomate with the National Board of Medical Examiners in 1971, a diplomate with the American Board of Internal Medicine in 1973, and a diplomate in infectious diseases for the American Board of Internal Medicine.

Awards
1962-1966 – Domtar Scholar, Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada
1966-1970 – University Scholar, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1968–present – Alpha Omega Alpha
1970 – Holmes Gold Medal, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1970 – J. Francis Williams Scholarship in Clinical Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1971 – Rush Medical College Award, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois (Best Medical Intern)
1972 – Department of Medicine Award, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois (Best Medical Resident)
1975 – Canadian MRC Fellowship in Infectious Diseases
2008 – Dedication of Massachusetts Biologic Laboratories Research and Development Building, Mattapan, MA to George R. Siber and Jeanne Leszczynsky
2016 – Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal

References

Bibliography

Journals

Long, D, M. Skoberne, T. M. Gierahn, S. Larson, J. A. Price, V. C, A. E. Baccari, K P. Cohane, D. Garvie, G. R. Siber, and J. B. Flechtner,.  Identification of novel virus-specific antigens by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from asymptomatic HSV-2 seropositive and seronegative donors. Manuscript submitted, Virology 2014.

Books

External links
George Siber's LinkedIn Profile

1944 births
Living people
Vaccinologists
American immunologists
Canadian immunologists
American virologists
American infectious disease physicians
Canadian infectious disease physicians
Harvard Medical School faculty
Tufts University faculty
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Bishop's University alumni
McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
People from Boston
German emigrants
Immigrants to Canada
Immigrants to the United States


title: Soundwalk

text:
A soundwalk is a walk with a focus on listening to the environment. The term was first used by members of the World Soundscape Project under the leadership of composer R. Murray Schafer in Vancouver in the 1970s. Hildegard Westerkamp, from the same group of artists and founder of the World Forum of Acoustic Ecology, defines soundwalking as "... any excursion whose main purpose is listening to the environment. It is exposing our ears to every sound around us no matter where we are."

Schafer was particularly interested in the implications of the changes in soundscapes in industrial societies in children, and children's relationship to the world through sound. He was a proponent of ear-cleaning (cleaning one's ears cognitively), and he saw soundwalking as an important part of this process of re-engaging our aural senses in finding our place in the world.

Westerkamp used soundwalks to create multiple soundart pieces. "Cricket Voice", "A Walk Through the City", and "Beneath the Forest Floor" are all soundwalk inspired works.

Soundwalking has also been used as artistic medium by visual artists and documentary makers, such as Janet Cardiff.
In 2018 the sound artist Francesco Giomi introduced for the first time the term "soundride" as a direct derivation from a soundwalk but driven by bicycle, used to reach more far points, interesting from their sound point of view.

Other Terms
Other terms closely related to soundwalking and used by Schafer include:
 Keynote: typically ambient sounds which are not perceived, not because they are inaudible but because they are filtered out cognitively, such as a highway or air-condition hum
 Soundmark: a sonic landmark; a sound which is characteristic of a place
 Sound signal: a foreground sound; e.g. a dog, an alarm clock; messages/meaning is usually carried through sound signals.
 Sound object: the smallest possible recognizable sonic entity (recognizable by its amplitude envelope)
 Acousmatic: a description for sounds whose sources are out of sight or unknown. This also relates to acousmatic music.

See also
 Soundscape ecology
 Acousmatic music
 Sound art
 Shinrin-yoku

References

Sound
Acoustics
Art


title: Velocify

text:
Velocify, Inc. is a cloud computing company, headquartered in El Segundo, California, that provides cloud-based intelligent sales automation software designed for fast-paced sales environments.

History
Velocify was co-founded in 2004 by Jeff Solomon, Charles Chase and Tony Christopoulos as a company specializing in software as a service (SaaS). The company raised $3.25M in Series A funding in October 2007 with Rustic Canyon Partners as the initial investor.

In May 2011, Velocify named Nick Hedges President & Chief Executive Officer. In 2011 and 2012 Nick Hedges was named one of the “50 Most Influential in Sales Lead Management” by the Sales Lead Management Association. In February 2012, Velocify completed a $15 million Series B fundraising round led by Volition Capital with participation from existing investor Rustic Canyon Partners. In November 2012, Velocify established a partnership with Marketo. The company announced it changed its name to Velocify from Leads360 on June 19, 2013, to reflect the company's vision for the future. In October 2017, Velocify was acquired, for an undisclosed amount, by Ellie Mae, Inc. the leading cloud-based platform for the mortgage finance industry.

In August 2020, Intercontinental Exchange acquired Ellie Mae.

Awards
Ranked 2023 (2013), 1851 (2014), & 2500 (2017) on the Inc. 5000 annual list.
Velocify was ranked in the Deloitte Technology Fast 500 in 2011, 2012, and 2013.
Ranked in Los Angeles Business Journal's “Best Places to Work” in Southern California in 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013.
Stevie Award for Sales Technology Partner of the Year in 2013

Products
Velocify offers two products, a sales automation platform, LeadManager, and an integrated cloud-based dialing platform, Dial-IQ. Dial-IQ was launched in 2013. In August 2014, the company released Velocify for Salesforce, which offers sales automation and dialing within the cloud-based CRM platform. In 2016, Velocify launched LoanEngage, a CRM platform for mortgage marketing and sales.

References

External links
Velocify, Inc.

Cloud applications
Software distribution
Marketing companies of the United States
As a service
Defunct software companies of the United States
Information technology companies of the United States


title: Killing of Malik Oussekine

text:
Malik Oussekine (16 October 1964 – 6 December 1986) was a French student of Algerian origin. He had been walking near student protests in Paris opposing university reforms (the so-called "," named after politician Alain Devaquet) and proposed immigration restrictions. Though uninvolved in the demonstration, Oussekine was chased by police and beaten to death. Oussekine was transported to a nearby hospital where he was later pronounced dead, though it was later revealed that he had died at the spot of the attack. News of his killing intensified the protests, and the laws were scrapped two days later.

Silent protests were held by students in the wake of his death first in Paris and then across France in more than 36 towns. His death occurred twenty-five years after the October 1961 massacre, in which at least 200 Algerian protesters were killed by police in Paris.

The victim

Malik Oussekine was 22 years old at the time of his death. It was later revealed that he was a student at the École supérieure des professions immobilières (ESPI). A few months after his death, the press mentioned his attempts to become a priest. His sister Sarah Nassera said: "He wanted to become a Jesuit priest and he always had his Bible with him.”

Oussekine lost his father, Miloud Oussekine, in 1978. He had fought in the French army during the Second World War before returning to Algeria to get married and then returning to France to earn a living mining coal in Thionville, Lorraine. He then worked as a bricklayer and as a truck driver. His wife Aïcha joined him in Lorraine in 1953. The family then settled in Meudon-la-Forêt, where the seven children grew up with the support of their older brother Mohamed. Malik Oussekine was the youngest of the children.

Oussekine overcame kidney problems to become an avid basketball player in the greater Paris suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt. He also played guitar.

Oussekine was buried in the Père-Lachaise cemetery in Paris (division 75) on 10 December 1986.

Death
Student protesters had gathered on 17 November with about 200,000 protestors and then again on 6 December with about 500,000 students protesting against the proposed Devaquet Project, which would institute a selection process for university entrance. The night of 6 December 1986, Oussekine was chased by police and beaten to death after being suspected of participating in a student protest in Paris.

Oussekine's death was witnessed by Paul Bayzelon, a civil servant in the Ministry of Finance: "I was returning home. As I closed the door after dialling the code, I saw the distraught face of a young man. I let him pass and I wanted to close the door. […] Two policemen rushed into the hall, rushed on the guy and beat him with incredible violence. He fell, they continued beating with truncheons and kicking him in the stomach and back. Oussekine shouted: “I did nothing, I did nothing”.
Paul Bayzelon tried to come to the aid of the young man but he, too, was beaten with batons.

Ten minutes later, the emergency services arrived and provided first aid, then transported Oussekine to intensive care at Cochin hospital, where he was officially declared dead at 3:20 a.m. Oussekine actually died at midnight in the hall of the building, as was revealed 4 days later by the medical examiner. Oussekine was transported to the hospital in the hope of absolving the police officers, according to the Oussekine family's lawyer Georges Kiejman.

Aftermath

His death was met with widespread outrage and sympathy from the public, who viewed Oussekine as an innocent victim. There was never any indication that he had participated in the violence or the demonstrations, and his medical conditions helped portray him as such. Further support was garnered after remarks made by Robert Pandraud, the French National Security Minister who blamed Oussekine's father for allowing him to be out at night with his medical conditions. Researchers have also identified Oussekine's death as a turning point for the student protests, with a strong focus on the Minister of Interior and "the entire security and racist policy of the government."

Oussekine's death sparked violent unrest in Paris. 30,000 protestors gathered outside of the hospital where he died, leading to a riot and clashes with police. A rally was also held outside of Paris' city hall and in the Latin Quarter, with both gatherings eventually leading to riots and skirmishing between police and demonstrators. 200,000 people took to the streets of Paris on 10 December, in a day of demonstrations in memory of Oussekine.

Protesters demanded the dismissal of Charles Pasqua, Interior Minister and head of the police, and the resignation of the prime minister. Higher Education Minister Alain Devaquet, who was responsible for guiding the controversial law through the National Assembly, resigned hours after news of Oussekine's death broke out.

Several sessions held in the National Assembly had to be suspended following fiery exchanges between left-wing and far-right deputies over the police officers' .

In January 1990, Chief Brigadier Jean Schmitt and officer Christophe Garcia were found guilty of "unlawful assault and battery, by law enforcement officers, leading to death without intent to kill" for having caused the death of Oussekine. Garcia, who had confessed to having struck Oussekine, was sentenced to a two-year suspended prison term and the decision was not to appear on his criminal record. Schmitt, who denied his participation in the violence, was given a five-year suspended sentence.

Depiction in media
The 1995 film La Haine, which follows three young immigrant men living in the Paris suburbs was in part inspired by the death of Oussekine. Indeed, the character Vinz alludes to Malik Oussekine's death during an argument with Hubert in one scene of the film.

In 2022 it was announced that the first French commission from Disney+ would be a miniseries of his death and the following national outcry and protests, titled Oussekine.

The film titled Nos Frangins (Our Brothers) by Rachid Bouchareb was set to premiere at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival.

See also

 ; death under police custody

References

1980s in Paris
1980s crimes in Paris
Deaths in police custody in France
Crime in Paris
December 1986 events
1986 crimes in France
Race riots in France
Racism in France


title: Zamia decumbens

text:
Zamia decumbens, common name sinkhole cycad, is a species of cycad known only from Belize. The species was erroneously referred to in print several times as Z. prasina before its recognition as a distinct species. The species was (under the name Z. prasina) proposed for protection as a critically endangered species.

As of 2009, 7 populations were known in the Maya Mountains, a few on ridges and mountaintops but the largest populations at the bottom of sinkholes. Sinkholes are depressions in the earth caused by collapse of the roof of a cave. They very frequently are home to unusual plants and animals because they usually have water at the bottom, and because the steep walls protect the sinkholes from herbivores.

Zamia decumbens is unusual in the genus in having decumbent stems, i.e. trunks that run horizontally along the ground rather than growing straight up. The plant occasionally dies at the base while forming new roots farther up the stem. There are also a few differences in leaf shape and cone characters that distinguish it from other species in Belize.

Zamia decumbens has sparingly branched cylindrical stems up to 80 cm long and up to 11 cm in diameter. Leaves number 5-17 per plant, each one up to 175 cm long, pinnately compound with up to 28 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are up to 30 cm long and 5 cm across, lanceolate and gradually tapering toward tip. Microsporangiate strobili (male cones) are conical to cylindrical, up to 16.5 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter. Megasporangiate strobili (female cones) are cylindrical, up to 20 cm long and 6.5 cm in diameter. Seeds are red, egg-shaped, up to 2 cm long.

References

decumbens
Flora of Belize


title: VA-96 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-96 was a short-lived Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established on 30 June 1956, and disestablished less than two years later, on 10 April 1958. Its nickname is unknown.

Significant events
 4 Jun 1957: The squadron’s commanding officer, Commander M. K. Dennis, was lost in a night midair collision while operating from  off the coast of California.
 Sep 1957: Kearsarge operated in the vicinity of Taiwan following the buildup of Chinese communist forces opposite the offshore islands belonging to Taiwan.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS Miramar – 30 Jun 1956
 NAS Moffett Field – Aug 1956

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 AD-6 Skyraider – Jul 1956
 AD-7 Skyraider – Mar 1957

See also
 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Still Waters (1915 film)

text:
Still Waters is a 1915 silent film starring Marguerite Clark and directed by J. Searle Dawley. It was produced by Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Company. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is now lost.

Plot
Clark plays Nesta the daughter of a canal boat captain. Nesta desires to visit the circus against her father's wishes as a bad experience happened years earlier when the captain's wife ran off with a circus performer. Nesta eventually falls for a performer herself but is at odds with her father.

Cast

References

External links

AllMovie.com

1915 films
American silent feature films
Lost American comedy-drama films
Films directed by J. Searle Dawley
Paramount Pictures films
1915 comedy-drama films
American black-and-white films
1915 lost films
1910s American films
1910s English-language films
Silent American comedy-drama films
English-language comedy-drama films


title: Envirom FC

text:
Envirom Football Club (Envirom) is a Malawian football (soccer) club that currently plays in the TNM Super League, the top division of Malawian football.

Stadium
Currently the team plays at the 50000 capacity Kamuzu Stadium.

Honours
Southern Region Football League
Winners (1): 2012–13

References

External links

Football clubs in Malawi


title: List of Golden Time episodes

text:
Golden Time is a 24-episode anime television series based on the light novel series written by Yuyuko Takemiya. The anime series is produced by J.C.Staff and directed by Chiaki Kon, with scripts by Fumihiko Shimo and character design by Shinya Hasegawa. The series aired in Japan between October 3, 2013 and March 27, 2014.

The show had two opening and ending themes, sung by Yui Horie. For the first 12 episodes, the opening theme is "Golden Time" and the ending theme is "Sweet & Sweet Cherry". From episode 13 onwards, the opening theme is "The♡World's♡End" and the ending theme is . The insert song for episode 4 is  by Nana's voice actress, Satomi Satō.

Episode list

References

Golden Time


title: Ewen Cameron Bruce

text:
Ewen Cameron Bruce,  (10 November 1890 – 16 April 1925) was a British Army officer who served with the Heavy Branch of the Machine Gun Corps (Tank Corps from July 1917) during the First World War. He was awarded the Military Cross for his conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in salvaging tanks under heavy shell fire at the Battle of Messines in July 1917 which resulted in him losing his left arm to a gunshot wound.

After the war, Bruce went to Russia and volunteered to command a British tank mission assisting the White Army under Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel to fight the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. Bruce was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his bravery during the June 1919 Battle of Tsaritsyn for single-handedly storming and capturing the fortified city of Tsaritsyn, now called Volgograd, under heavy shell fire in a single tank; this led to the successful capture of over 40,000 prisoners.

The fall of Tsaritsyn greatly helped the White Russian Cause. Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart stated that Bruce's actions during this battle was "one of the most remarkable feats in the whole history of the Tank Corps."

Early life

Bruce was born in Cheltenham in 1890, the youngest son of barrister-at-law Alan Cameron Bruce-Pryce (1836–1909), of Blaen-y-cwm, Monknash, Glamorganshire and his second wife Susanna Mary Synnot née Maunsell. He married Eugenie Mary Alice (née Power) in 1915 and had three children; Diana Marjorie b:1916, Ewen Anthony Guy Cameron b:1917 and Eugenie Benedicta b:1921 (who married Peter Cadbury).

Military career

Bruce served with the British Army in World War I, and was wounded five times in action during the conflict. He lost his left arm in July 1917 in France, and was gassed in 1918.

Battle of Tsaritsyn

After the First World War, Bruce remained with the Tank Corps and in 1919, he volunteered to serve in South Russia during the Russian Civil War. From May 1919, Bruce commanded a combined small tank detachment that had been initially dispatched to South Russia by the War Office in a strictly non-combative role only to train the Russian White Army forces under General Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel that were, at that time, trying to overthrow the Bolshevik regime as part of the allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. Having been twice repulsed by the Bolsheviks with an attempted advance on Tsaritsyn, General Wrangel decided to wait for reinforcements. An infantry division was sent, and also six tanks, which on Bruce's initiative, included one of the Mark Vs which was manned by a British crew under the command of Bruce, contrary to War Office instructions that the British personnel were only to train Russians, and not to actively take part in fighting. On 26 June 1919 Wrangel was approached by Bruce directly, as commander of the British tank mission, who requested that the British tankers lead the advance  On 28 June 1919, Bruce reconnoitered the front route into the city from an aeroplane of No. 47 Squadron RAF and saw that the enemy circled the city. During this flight the plane shot down an enemy observation balloon, thereby preventing the discovery of the concentration of tanks supporting the white army outside Tsaritsyn. On the same day the third advance on Tsaritsyn was launched, which opened with the advance of the tanks bursting through the wire entanglements and crossing the outer trench line, whereupon the Bolshevik regime defenders bolted. Although the Russian White Army cavalry came forward to occupy the newly conquered ground, as no additional petrol for the tanks had come up, there was a prolonged pause. The following day, on 30 June 1919, sufficient petrol was only collected to fill one of the British-manned tanks. Bruce took command of the Mark V tank and drove it into Tsaritsyn under heavy fire and captured the city from the Bolshevik Red Army. Viewed "as the most dramatic tank action in 1919" Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel awarded Bruce the Russian Cross of St. George and the Order of St. Vladimir for the "major role he played in the capture of Tsaritsyn".

Bruce was later awarded the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, 4th Class for his military work in the Far East. He relinquished his commission on 12 December 1919 on account of ill health contracted whilst on active service and retained the rank of Major.

Ireland 1920

Despite the loss of his left arm, Bruce was accepted into the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC) on 3 August 1920 and was given Auxiliary No. 154 and R.I.C. No. 72351. According to historian D.M. Leeson, Bruce claimed to have had a "private grudge against Sinn Fein". He was appointed Platoon Commander of No. 3 Platoon in "A" Company, which was the first Company formed while the Division was still in Quarters at the Curragh Army Camp in County Kildare. In September 1920, "A" Company was posted to Inistioge, County Kilkenny and shortly afterwards, an incident occurred and Bruce was accused of assaulting a civilian and forced to resign. According to Brig. General Crozier, the Commanding Officer of the Auxiliary Division, Bruce was dismissed as unsuitable for the Auxiliary Division, for striking a civilian without cause. However, historian D.M. Leeson comments that in the light of the murders and violence that were occurring in Ireland up to this time, Bruce's offence seems relatively mild, but nevertheless it still ended his career in the Auxiliary Division.

In October 1920, Bruce and his nephew hired a car and drove to Thomastown, Kilkenny, and then onto the creamery at Kells where they in the company of two soldiers, Lieutenant Cooper and Sergeant Blake of the Devonshire Regiment, robbed the creamery at gunpoint and got away with £75. Bruce was arrested in Cheltenham on 21 October and was charged with stealing £75 from the creamery. He was brought back to Ireland and tried by court martial at Waterford on 22 December. Historian and author, Leeson accounts in much detail in his 2011 book Black & Tans about Bruce's trial, conviction and subsequent numerous unsuccessful appeals which led to his court martial. Leeson notes that "during the trial the creamery manager admitted that he used the safe for his own money, made unrecorded cash advances to customers, borrowed money from the till for his own use and did not know how much was there on the day of the robbery" as a result he was deemed by the judge to be an unsatisfactory witness. Leeson notes that Lieutenant Cooper testified against Bruce, stating that Bruce had organised the raid and that he went along because Bruce told him he was in the secret service; however he admitted under cross-examination that he made no such claim. Bruce was found guilty and sentence to one year in prison. His nephew was tried separately and received a sentence of three months imprisonment. Bruce was committed to Mountjoy Prison on 28 December and transferred to Liverpool on 8 August 1921 after the truce.

Bruce, however, did not take this conviction lying down. In two petitions to the crown challenging this conviction Bruce accounted that he had asked Lieutenant Cooper to include him on any raids but he had found nothing and taken nothing. Bruce also challenged the credibility of key witnesses, and referred to his previous good character and military record: handling large sums of money in Russia and Japan with no losses. Bruce made several unsuccessful appeals against his conviction, these attempts eventually led to a bankruptcy hearing at Cheltenham in 1924. He was convicted by Court Martial on 22 December 1920 as the normal civil court system had broken down in Ireland at that time, and his MC and DSO were forfeited in July 1921.

Death

Bruce died on 16 April 1925, aged 35, at Abbeyholme in Cheltenham from the effects of pneumonia.

Relatives
Bruce was the paternal grandfather of Charles "Nish" Bruce.

References

1890 births
1925 deaths
British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War
British Army personnel of World War I
Machine Gun Corps officers
Military personnel from Cheltenham
People stripped of a British Commonwealth honour
Police misconduct during the Irish War of Independence
Recipients of the Order of St. George
Royal Tank Regiment officers
Royal Irish Constabulary officers
Deaths from pneumonia in England


title: Shooting at the 1966 Asian Games

text:
Shooting sports at the 1966 Asian Games was held in Sport Authority of Thailand Sport Complex Shooting Range, Bangkok, Thailand from 11 to 17 December 1966. Shooting comprised seven individual and seven team events for a total of fourteen events, all open to both men and women.

Japan dominated the competition by winning seven gold medals.

Medalists

Medal table

References

 ISSF Results Overview

External links
Asian Shooting Federation

1966 Asian Games events
1966
Asian Games
1966 Asian Games


title: ABANTIA

text:
ABANTIA is a Spanish group specialising in the engineering, planning, development and the execution of complex systems. The group was formed in July 2006 by renaming AGE (Applicaciones Generales Eléctricas), a company formed in 1944 as specialising in electrical and refrigeration installations, and all the subsidiaries companies created as AGE expanded in new activities. In 2009, Abantia has started activities in Italy, Poland, Guatemala, France and Abu Dhabi, and in 2011, in Mexico and Guatemala, El Salvador, Peru, Chile, Qatar. In 2013, Abantia made a bid for phase one of Kuwait’s Shagaya Multi-Technology Renewable Energy Park.

References

Construction and civil engineering companies of Spain
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1944
Spanish companies established in 1944


title: EPAC United FC

text:
EPAC United Football Club was a Malawian football (soccer) club based in Lilongwe and played its home matches at the 25,000 capacity Civo Stadium. The club played eight seasons in the Super League of Malawi, the top division of Malawian football.

History
The club was founded in 1995 as Pakeeza FC and played in the Regional Football Leagues of Malawi.

In the 2007 season, Pakeeza won the Central Region Football League, the Second Division of Malawi and promoted for the first time to Super League of Malawi. Pakeeza finished thirteenth the first season in the Super League spared from relegation, after the Malawi Police Service decided to disbanded Eagle Beaks Lilongwe.

In July 2009, the club was renamed as EPAC United (Electrical Power and Accessories Contractors United) and finished on thirteen place at the end of the 2009–10 season relegated to Second Division.

EPAC United returned to the Malawi top flight league at the end of the 2010–11 Second Division season, winning the Central Region Football League.

Returned to the Super League, EPAC finished sixth in the 2011–12 season, but the  follows seasons were disappointing for "Njenjete", occupying ninth position on the 2012–13 season and eleven in the next four seasons (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016).

In 2017, EPAC United ceded the Super League of Malawi place to Civil Service United which relegated at the end of the 2016 season.

Honours
Central Region Football League
Winners (2): 2007, 2010–11
Runners-up (1): 2006

References

External links

Defunct football clubs in Malawi
Football clubs in Malawi
Lilongwe


title: Alain Devaquet

text:
Alain Devaquet (4 October 1942 – 19 January 2018) was a French politician who was a minister under Jacques Chirac. A university professor before embarking on his political career with the Rally for the Republic, Devaquet was given the role of junior minister for universities. In this role he became the public face of a controversial proposal to reform the higher education system in 1986, the proposals becoming known as the Devaquet Law, despite originating from more senior members of the government. The plan allowed universities to be more selective in the admission of students and to charge fees.

The reaction against the proposals was strong, with mass protests by students and some strikes in support of their opposition. With the mobilisation of students also closely linked to other proposals aimed at tightening immigration laws, things came to a head with the death of Malik Oussekine, a student protester who died in police custody on 6 December 1986 and whose death prompted mass outpouring of anger. The law was withdrawn two days later and Devaquet was forced to resign, although the incident proved a strong blow to the government and enhanced the profile of François Mitterrand due to his opposition.

References

External links
 Liberation article about him

1942 births
2018 deaths
People from Vosges (department)
Politicians from Grand Est
Rally for the Republic politicians
Government ministers of France
Deputies of the 6th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
ENS Fontenay-Saint-Cloud-Lyon alumni
Academic staff of École Polytechnique
Deaths from cancer in France


title: Paul McCole

text:
Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas.

Early life
McCole was born in Castlemilk, Glasgow.

Career
McCole first started acting with his brother Stephen in their local youth theatre's productions, including Grease. After watching his brother's acting career progress, McCole decided to enroll in college. He began his career with the Govan Theatre Works, earning £120 a week. He also started to appear on television shows such as Rebus and Still Game.

McCole reached a wider audience with his work in High Times, a television drama he starred in alongside his brother. The show became very popular in South America. McCole has also had roles on the popular comedy series Limmy's Show. He has since starred in a number of short films and television shows.

Filmography

Television

References

Scottish male stage actors
Living people
1972 births
Male actors from Glasgow
Scottish male comedians
Scottish male television actors
Scottish male film actors
20th-century Scottish male actors
21st-century Scottish male actors


title: Cyclone Winifred

text:
Severe Tropical Cyclone Winifred was the worst tropical cyclone to make landfall in northern Queensland and the first since Althea in 1971 to inflict significant damage on the northeastern coast of Australia. The sixth named storm of the 1985–86 Australian region cyclone season, Winifred originated as a tropical low north of Cairns, Queensland on 27 January 1986. Slowly organizing, the system was recognized as a tropical cyclone after gaining tropical characteristics on 30 January, christened with the name Winifred the same day. Meandering southward, the cyclone began to curve southeastward that evening before suddenly turning toward the coast, southwestward, on 31 January, steadily intensifying in that time. By the time it came ashore near Silkwood, Queensland at 0445 UTC on 1 February, it was producing Category 3-force winds on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale and a minimum atmospheric pressure of 957 mbar (28.38 inHg). Weakening as it drifted inland, Winifred persisted as a tropical depression for another five days after landfall before finally dissipating on 5 February.

In advance of Winifred's approach, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) issued cyclone watches and warnings for various locations along the Queensland coast, prompting evacuations in several towns. Damage after landfall was widespread and severe, with thousands of homes damaged, flooding as a result of heavy rainfall along major rivers, and severe damage to crops. Debris obstructed roads across northern Queensland and power outages disrupted electrical service, even at water treatment plants, forcing officials to warn residents to boil water as a precautionary measure. Overall, the cyclone caused $86.4 million in agriculture-related damages, with sugar cane and banana harvests suffering the most. Tourist operations were generally uninterrupted by the storm, while ecological and environmental damage, if any, was mild. Even so, high winds uprooted trees in wide swaths of forests, with those not completely defoliated. Overall, Winifred caused three deaths and inflicted $130 million (1986 AUD; $154 million USD) in damage.

In the aftermath of the cyclone, the Australian government distributed financial and emergency aid, offering to provide assistance to hard-hit banana and sugar cane farmers in northern Queensland. Hundreds of State Emergency Service (SES) volunteers were deployed to restore electrical and water services, evacuate local citizens, provide food, and repair and protect structures. The Department of Social Security (DSS) sent employees to receive claims for damage, requests for financial aid, and filings for unemployment benefits. Meanwhile, the Commonwealth of Australia initiated a three-year, $150 million program to provide relief to damaged areas. Fund payments, however, were frequently incorrectly distributed, and in some cases, fraudulent. In the confusion in the days following the cyclone, looters stole possessions in areas within the vicinity of Innisfail, and relief efforts were impeded by thunderstorms at Cairns. The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) was subject to heavy criticism in the days following the storm's landfall, accused of not giving ample warning in advance of Winifred's approach; however, these concerns were later addressed in its report on the cyclone's impact. Due to the severity of the storm's damage, the name Winifred was retired after the season ended.

Meteorological history

The origins of Cyclone Winifred can be traced to a tropical low first noted approximately  north of Cairns, Queensland on 27 January 1986. The system initially drifted to the northwest, exhibiting characteristics indicating gradual organization. On the morning of 29 January, it curved southward while slowly strengthening. Observations gathered by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) on 30 January evidenced that the low had developed into a tropical cyclone while maintaining a minimum atmospheric pressure of 995 mbar (29.38 inHg). As a result, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) subsequently designated the disturbance the name Winifred at 1400 UTC as it meandered southward, the sixth named storm of the 1985–86 Australian region cyclone season. The cyclone continued to steadily intensify, attaining Category 1-equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale during the morning of 1 February, with winds of . Forecasting of Winifred's track was impeded by the presence of a canopy of persistent high-level cirrus clouds shielding the eye and rainbands of the cyclone throughout its course, leading to inaccuracies in locating the cyclone's centre through satellite observations.

Forecasts initially projected the cyclone recurving southeastward late on 30 January before tracing southwestward during the evening of 31 January. Maintaining a relatively large eye with a width of about , the cyclone intensified while nearing the shoreline of northern Queensland; by 0300 UTC the following day, though, a slight reduction in its size was noticeable, and by the time the cyclone made landfall, its eye was merely  in diameter. In conjunction, the storm's minimum atmospheric pressure sank to  by the time the cyclone made landfall near Silkwood at 0445 UTC, indicative of the storm's peak intensity; the low pressure, coinciding with 10-minute maximum sustained winds of , placed Winifred as a Category 2-equivalent storm on the Saffir–Simpson scale, or a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale. Drifting father inland, Winifred's radar features became distorted as it weakened; despite this, it lingered overland as a tropical depression for another five days before finally dissipating. Although official best track data recorded the storm dissipated on 5 February, Winifred was operationally declared dissipated on 6 February. The cyclone was the first in 14 years to significantly impact the northeastern coast of Australia.

Preparations
Numerous warnings were issued throughout the course of the cyclone. The first cyclone watch related to Cyclone Winifred was declared by the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) on 29 January for various locations in Queensland, spanning from Thursday Island to Cooktown, and was adjusted as Winifred approached. The initial cyclone warning was issued on the morning of 30 January, stretching between Cape Flattery and Townsville, while the previous cyclone watch was expanded to cover areas from Lockhart River to St Lawrence. The warning was later extended to reach Cooktown and Bowen, and was further lengthened to span regions from Cairns to St Lawrence. On the morning of 1 February, observations indicated that the cyclone had suddenly veered toward the coast, and a Flash Tropical Cyclone Advice was subsequently released, noting the potential for powerful winds between Fitzroy Island and Innisfail. In conjunction, the Queensland Flood Warning Centre initiated flood warnings along the Tully, Herbert, Bulloo, Barcoo, Thomson, Diamantina, and Cooper waterways. The BoM also imposed a gale warning stretching from Cooktown to Cardwell, accompanied a strong wind warning between Cape Melville and Gladstone.

Winifred forced many to flee from hotels in northern Queensland, and at Cairns, boats were ordered to be docked at harbor. State Emergency Service (SES) members and other individuals worked to evacuate dozens of people in Ingham, as well as along the Tully, Burdekin, and Herbert rivers. Inhabitants of caravan parks were forced to vacate their residences in Innisfail and helicopter crews cleared residents from Ingham and Babinda. Meanwhile, many at Minnamoolka along the banks of the Burdekin River left their homes as a cautionary measure. and 47 citizens of Mourilyan evacuated to a club lodge.

Impact
Offshore impacts were significant; on 30 January, the yacht Darkie washed ashore at South Brook Island, its crew of four surviving. Throughout Queensland, the cyclone isolated small towns, cut off telephone service, inflicted severe damage to crops, and generated widespread flooding. Between Cairns and Ingham, Winifred obliterated structures, toppled power lines, uprooted trees, wrecked 1000 homes, and damaged hundreds of others. Service of the Sunlander between Gordonvale and Babinda was interrupted after tracks were inundated, and travelers were forced to travel by bus instead. At the latter city, approximately 500 homes suffered significant damage, and at Innisfail, 200 residences were destroyed. Several individuals were recovered safely from wreckage of a building collapse in each city. At Babinda, sixteen other structures were wrecked, with the cyclone unroofing an additional 50 houses and flattening 40 sheds. Five individuals were badly injured, two of them impaled by flying glass and other debris. Officials noted that the cyclone tore off the police station door and unroofed a Uniting Church. Helicopter reconnaissance indicated severe damage to sugarcane and banana crops as well as a critical electrical power tower, with considerable damage observed in the town proper.

At Innisfail, Winifred damaged 190 houses, downed electrical wires, overturned trees, and flooded lowlands, with reports of over  in rainfall. Innisfail Hospital, meanwhile, suffered the loss of several windows, inciting the evacuation of patients to the first floor. The cyclone drove a small vessel ashore at nearby Banana Island; in addition, a teenage girl was severely impaled by a flying slab of iron in downtown Innisfail, later dying as a result of her injuries. Meanwhile, at Malanda, a man was knocked off a shed roof by a strong gust and was subsequently declared dead. Winds leveled dozens of structures at Mission Beach, Tully, Silkwood, Kurrimine Beach, Cardwell, El Arish, South Johnstone, and Mourilyan. At Mourilyan, 12 boats sank in the town harbor, and all structures were damaged to some extent, with 20 houses roofless and one flattened. At Tully, the capacity of the Kareeya Hydro Power Station was slightly reduced after rubbish became stuck in its components, and at Ingham, the Herbert River peaked at a height of , overflowing its barriers by . Cyclone Winifred inundated the main street of Ingham with flood waters, completely obstructed numerous north-to-south streets, flooded stores, and cut off electricity from Avergowie College. A 35-year-old man was discovered dead down a storm water drain, having drowned in the storm's flood waters. Debris and flooding also impeded and obstructed of parts of the Bruce, Gillies, and Palmerston highways.

Rescue and relief work was impeded by overloaded telephone communications, and consequentially, Telecom ceased telephone service between Townsville and Ingham. Nearly  of rainfall was measured at Cardstone along the Tully River, and flooding was noted along the boundaries of both the Tully and Herbert rivers, of which the prior had receded from its peak level to  by the afternoon of 3 February. The city of Cairns and its outskirts experienced power outages, and high tides nearby compelled ship owners to seek refuge at ports. Blackouts rendered chlorination facilities and water treatment plants useless, and residents were subsequently advised to boil water. Damage to three roofs was reported at Bingal Beach north of Cairns, and in Cairns proper, damaged ten houses, with five of them unroofed, toppled trees, and knocked down power lines. The storm delivered similarly severe damage along Marlin Beach within the vicinity of Cairns, washing away stretches of its coastline, unroofing two residences, damaging 13 other structures, and overturning power lines. The loss of electricity at one building in the Cairns Base Hospital complex, which was also unroofed, left it running on emergency power.

One person was struck and injured by an uprooted tree at Atherton, which suffered the loss of one house. All residences in Cardwell endured some degree of damage, with six unroofed, and the town itself was without power. Roads in Charters Towers were obstructed, and minor damage was observed at Cowley Beach, Dunk Island, and East Russell. Nearly all buildings in El Arish were damaged, and at Gordonvale, flooding inflicted widespread crop damage and winds toppled trees and power lines. Flood waters cut off the town of Halifax and inundated local businesses. Although no structural damage was recorded in Herberton, the cyclone uprooted trees, crippled Archer Bridge above Kennedy Creek, and halted electrical and telephone service. Mena Creek was completely cut off, and at Malanda, 30 homes experienced damage and 20 farms were wrecked. At Millaa Millaa, the cyclone damaged 12 dwellings, and hundreds of barns, also impeding access to power and water supplies. Meanwhile, at Miriwinni, winds damaged 50 houses, toppled electrical wires, and strewed roads with debris. Despite the fact that flooding was less serious at Kurrimine Beach, the storm still damaged dozens of houses and toppled electrical poles, with the towns of Ravenshoe and Silkwood experiencing power outages following the disturbance's passage. Although only inconsequential residential damage occurred at Woopen Creek and Yungaburra, damage at Tully was more serious, with considerable flooding, destruction to six houses, damage to a police station, and a localized blackout.

The cyclone caused $50 million in damage to the banana crop and $3 million to papaws between Ingham to Cairns alone. Agricultural impairment was not limited to Babinda; throughout northern Queensland, the storm devastated banana and papaw crops. Avocado farms at Atherton and pineapple farms in Rollingstone and Mutarnee experienced considerable losses; in addition, $35 million in sugar cane crops near Innisfail were destroyed, with 60–70 percent of the entire year's harvest ruined. Within the vicinity of Tully, the storm ruined 30 percent of the crop, causing $10 million in losses. In general, the sugar industry, already economically weak, bore the brunt of the system's impact. Overall, Winifred caused $86.4 million in agricultural losses; the cyclone ruined 1.5 million tonnes of sugar, costing $40 million, 3.7 million cases of bananas, costing $34.6 million, and 15 percent of the maize crop, costing $500,000. Winifred also damaged $4.9 million in papaws, and $3.8 million in avocados, lychees, custard apples, flowers, and chokos, as well. Effects to dairy and poultry industries were less severe, with losses reported at $2 million and $600,000, respectively. Winds uprooted large swaths of forest, with $1 million in damage at government-owned forests alone.

Ecological damage was widespread but generally mild. Although damage to mangroves was minor, the cyclone defoliated swaths of many coastal and island forests. For the most part, cays and reefs were unharmed, with no visible change in the general appearance or shape of reefs and little underwater change as well. It was noted, however, that water clarity surrounding certain reefs was poor. River plumes of the Herbert, Tully, Murray, Hull, Johnstone, and Mulgrave/Russell rivers were noticeably changed, with some paths diverted. The Herbert River plume expanded to encompass areas near the Greater Palm group of islands, the Mulgrave/Russell around the Frankland Islands. In addition, the loss of a raft system utilized for farming of giant clams was noted near Fitzroy Island. Tourist operations experienced little damage from Winifred, with only minimal damage on Dunk Island, Bedarra Island, and Mission Beach. Overall, Winifred caused three deaths and $130 million (1986 AUD) in damage, and was described by the Bureau of Meteorology as the worst cyclone to strike Queensland since Cyclone Althea in 1971.

Aftermath
On 3 February, the head of the State Emergency Service (SES) and then-Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen toured northern Queensland to inspect damage. The government of Australia vowed to assist by providing financial and emergency services, also offering to provide aid to banana and sugar cane farmers who suffered losses as a result of Winifred. Two government helicopters were sent shortly thereafter, assessing the severity of damage, evacuating residents, and delivering food. Bjelke-Petersen later expressed anger at the federal government for having increased the threshold for disaster relief before raising loans, and also stated that the Federal Minister for Primary Industry, John Kerin, had no right to accompany him on his visit to northern Queensland, only offering to discuss an offer provided that the federal government was willing to provide financial assistance. Approximately 500 volunteers for the SES were deployed the same day, reinstating electrical and other essential services, evacuating regional citizens, delivering bread to numerous towns, and sending 700 tarpaulins to shield roofless houses. Rescue and relief work was hindered by high traffic on telephone networks, forcing Telecom to cease calls between Townsville and Ingham.

Emergency crews of the government's Department of Social Security (DSS) visited locations throughout the region, receiving damage claims, requests for monetary aid, and filings for unemployment benefits. The Commonwealth pledged to provide $150 million in relief over a three-year period to the government of Queensland in exchange for deregulation; however, its offer was initially rejected. Planes flew claims adjusters and other officials to Innisfail, establishing an insurance emergency service in the city hall, while the Insurance Council of Queensland deployed its special emergency service employees for the first time. As a result of severe damage, a disaster declaration for northern regions was issued by Queensland Government on 4 February. The first $10 million in aid from the state government, paid by the federal government, was supplied the same day. Meanwhile, the SES continued its cleanup efforts, removing debris and repairing structures. Looters took advantage of confusion in the days following the cyclone, striking residences throughout Innisfail. By the end of the day, 2200 tarpaulins had been distributed; however, the previously smooth relief efforts were impeded by thunderstorms in Cairns.

The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) was subject to scrutiny in the aftermath of Winifred, and was criticized for its lack of advance warning. Advices and warnings were received by regional television and radio stations up to 15 minutes late following issuance. Winifred's sudden and unexpected turn was little-anticipated by BoM meteorologists, with employees unable to verify the cyclone's centre from the Cairns radar until only about 9:30 a.m. on 1 February, with radar error of up to  observed. However, a Flash Tropical Cyclone Advice was immediately issued shortly thereafter, reaching media outlets near noon that day. Media outlets went suggested the creation of a new Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) in Townsville as a result, but the suggestion was dismissed, with a centre already established in Brisbane. A spokesman for the SES stated that no warning was given by the BoM at 9 a.m., with the storm's alarming approach; the Service had initially been anticipating the storm's recurvature out to sea, only to receive a flash warning hours later. Months after Winifred, a Commonwealth inquiry sought to investigate misuse of National Disaster Relief Scheme funds related to Winifred, with a $145,000 payment to a National Party official, Mike Behan, one of several abuses. Due to the severity of the storm's damage, the name Winifred was retired after the season ended.

See also

List of retired Australian cyclone names
Cyclone Justin – Brought severe flooding to Queensland and Papua New Guinea
Cyclone Joy – Caused considerable damage in Rockhampton, Queensland

Notes

Footnotes

References

External links
Joint Typhoon Warning Centre (JTWC)
Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane)
Queensland cyclone photographs, State Library of Queensland. Includes photographs of the aftermath of Cyclone Winifred

Cyclone Winifred
Retired Australian region cyclones
1985–86 Australian region cyclone season
Category 3 Australian region cyclones
Winifred


title: Closer to Your Heart

text:
Closer to Your Heart may refer to:

 "Closer to Your Heart" (Clannad song), 1985
 "Closer to Your Heart" (Natalie Grant song), 2014
 "Closer to Your Heart", a 2004 song by The Ladder on Future Miracles


title: Antilopini

text:
Antilopini is a tribe of bovids often referred as true antelopes like gazelles. They live in and around the Sahara, Horn of Africa, throughout eastern and southern Africa, and Eurasia. Depending on species, the females have either very short and/or thin horns compared with the males, or no horns at all. They have smooth and glossy tan and white coats. Most species have black stripes and facial markings. They have a territorial male as a leader in herds and sometimes group with other species, such as Grant's gazelle joining with Thomson's gazelle. They can reach top speeds of  and have the ability to jump and turn sharply. They have adapted well to running in open environments.

References

True antelopes
Mammal tribes


title: Critical anthropomorphism

text:
Critical anthropomorphism (from ethology and comparative psychology) refers to a perspective in the study of animal behavior. It uses scientific knowledge of the species, its perceptual world, and ecological and evolutionary history to generate hypotheses through the lens of the sentience of the observer. The term is of particular relevance to mentalistic behavioral mechanisms, and its application involves using "natural history, our perceptions, intuitions, feelings, careful behavioral descriptions, identifying with the animal, optimization models, previous studies and so forth in order to generate ideas that may prove useful in gaining understanding and the ability to predict outcomes of planned (experimental) and unplanned interventions".

Background
Gordon Burghardt introduced the term critical anthropomorphism in the mid-1980s in an essay tracing historical views on animal awareness and cognition.  Though not by name, the concept of critical anthropomorphism has historical roots dating to Jakob von Uexküll's umwelt and innenwelt (German for "environment/surroundings" and "inner world", respectively). Jakob von Uexküll studied numerous organisms with diverse sensory processes, concluding that the human understanding of these processes and the resulting perceptions (the innenwelt), shape human insight regarding the behavior and experiences of nonhuman species. von Uexküll pointed out that although different species share the same physical environment, the relationship between the innenwelt and umwelt of each species is unique due to their adaptively specialized capacities. The concepts of the umwelt and innenwelt originated from classical ethology, prompting scientists including Nikolaas Tinbergen, Konrad Lorenz, Karl von Frisch to consider the role of subjectivity in the design, observation, and interpretation of research studies involving nonhuman species. As noted by Burghardt, critically anthropomorphic approaches are evident in early animal work that recognized the possibility of cognitive processes in animals. Edward Chace Tolman's work on cognitive maps, for example, stands as an early example of critical anthropomorphism.

Implementation
The critically anthropomorphic approach has been applied to a range of species and behavioral and cognitive capacities. Burghardt and Rivas describe case histories of how critical anthropomorphism informed the design and interpretation of animal behavior research. The examples include foraging tactics in snakes, aposematic (warning) coloration, courtship behavior in the Drosophila fruit fly, language and communication, zoo exhibit design, and conservation planning for wildlife management. Rivas and Burghardt also used critical anthropomorphism to explain female biased sexual dimorphism in anacondas and other snakes.

Historically, an idea like critical anthropomorphism would be at odds with behaviorism, but some contemporary investigators of animal conditioning and learning take exception. For example, Timberlake and Delmater (1991) argued that behaviorists should relax their mechanistic constraints and consider the sensory and perceptual worlds of nonhuman species:

Caveats
The idea of an inner world resembles subjective states, contrasting it with behaviorism, particularly radical behaviorism. However, even ardent critics of using anecdotes and rich interpretation of animal behavior, such as Conwy Lloyd Morgan, acknowledge that studying the behavior of other organisms requires a degree of introspection on the part of the observer. Morgan argued that studying the behavior of other organisms was a doubly inductive process; this process begins with observation and description of the animal, which is followed by the subjective induction of that behavior based on the observer's own understanding of his or her own conscious experience. Morgan argued that the observer's introspectionis essential to understanding the behavior of others, and he held firm on the importance of remaining critical and objective when doing so. Clive Wynne, a vocal critic of anthropomorphism, considers the alternatives espoused by scientists, such as critical anthropomorphism or biocentric anthropomorphism, to be nonscientific. Wynne discusses the history of anthropomorphism through George Henry Lewes, George Romanes, and Charles Darwin to elaborate on pitfalls, limitations, and the arguably nonscientific status of anthropomorphism. Wynne argues that modern versions of behaviorism are no more accurate than their historical predecessors.

Burghardt counters Wynne's arguments by pointing out that: 1) critical anthropomorphism is not by itself intended to be a description and explanation of behavior, but rather as a heuristic for generating testable hypotheses, 2) critical anthropomorphism can—and has—been used to avoid ill-conceived studies of animal behavior, 3) denying our status as animals and that we might share similar experiences of the world with nonhuman species is itself erroneous, and 4) mentalistic explanations of behavior are not, as Wynne suggests, equal to supernatural ones.

See also
 Animal consciousness

References

Animal cognition
Animal emotions
Anthropomorphism
Consciousness
Ethology
Point of view


title: Ferenc Szalay

text:
Ferenc Szalay (born 30 March 1955) is a Hungarian politician, the mayor of Szolnok from 1998 to 2002 and since 2006. He was also a member of the National Assembly (MP) between 2002 and 2014.

Awards
 Mayor of the Year (2009)

References

1955 births
Living people
Hungarian men's basketball players
Fidesz politicians
Mayors of places in Hungary
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2002–2006)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2006–2010)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2010–2014)
People from Esztergom


title: Love Songs (Barry White album)

text:
Love Songs is a 2003 album by American singer-songwriter Barry White.

Chart positions

References

Barry White albums
2003 albums


title: With All My Heart (disambiguation)

text:
"With All My Heart" is an English-language version, first recorded by Jodie Sands in 1957, of the French song "Gondolier" by Dalida.

With All My Heart may also refer to:

With All My Heart (Frankie Laine album) or the title song, 1955
With All My Heart (Harvey Mason album), 2004
With All My Heart (Romanz album) or the title song, 2012
With All My Heart, an album by Gogi Grant, 2009
"With All My Heart", a song by Dionne Warwick from Why We Sing, 2008
"With All My Heart", a song by Dream Street from the film The Biggest Fan, 2005


title: How's Your Father?

text:
How's Your Father? was a Yorkshire Television comedy series, starring the comedian Harry Worth.

The series was created by Michael Ashton and Pam Valentine, who had co-created and written two of Yorkshire Television's other smash-hit sitcoms, You're Only Young Twice (1977–81) and That's My Boy (1981-86).

Plot
Worth starred as middle-aged Harry Matthews, recently widowed, who was struggling to cope with his two teenage children.

The series ran for two series, 13 episodes in all, from February 1979 to August 1980.

Episodes

Series 1
 "The Older Woman" (27 February 1979)
 "Trouble With Shirley" (6 March 1979)
 "The Dress, The Shirt And The Mower" (13 March 1979)
 "Harry Gets Out More" (20 March 1979)
 "Who Wants To Move?" (27 March 1979)
 "Wedding Bells" (3 April 1979)

Series 2
 "The Disco" (18 July 1980)
 "Help!" (25 July 1980)
 "The One That Got Away" (1 August 1980)
 "Rag Week" (8 August 1980)
 "Fantasy Time" (15 August 1980)
 "The Promotion" (22 August 1980)
 "Every Picture Tells A Story" (29 August 1980)

External links

1979 British television series debuts
1980 British television series endings
Television series by Yorkshire Television
ITV sitcoms
1970s British comedy television series
English-language television shows
1980s British sitcoms


title: With All My Heart (Frankie Laine album)

text:
With All My Heart is a 1955 album by Frankie Laine with the orchestras of Harry Geller and Carl Fischer.

These songs were recorded for the Mercury Records label during the Forties and 1950. Laine was contracted by Columbia Records in 1951. "Get Happy", written by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler, had already been recorded by Laine with Carl Fischer's Orchestra and was originally released in 1951 with "(I Would Do) Anything for You" by Claude Hopkins, Alexander Hill and Bobby Williams as B-side - also on this album. Fischer had died the year before this album was released.

Track listing
 "Isle of Capri"
 "That's How Rhythm Was Born"
 "Ain't Misbehavin'"
 "The Gang That Sang Heart of My Heart" – written by Ben Ryan
 "Inspiration Point"
 "Come Love with Me"
 "With All My Heart"
 "What Could Be Sweeter" – a 1946 song written by Laine himself with Carl Fischer.
 "I Would Do Most Anything for You"
 "Get Happy"
 "South of the Border" – by Jimmy Kennedy and Michael Carr
 "You Left Me Out in the Rain"

References

1955 albums
Frankie Laine albums


title: Upper Brandon Plantation

text:
Upper Brandon Plantation is an historic plantation in Prince George County, Virginia on the James River. It was listed as a Virginia Historic Landmark in 1996.

History

Upper Brandon plantation was part of a 1616 original land patent of 5,000 acres granted to Captain John Martin, one of the founders of Jamestown. Richard Quiney, the brother of the son-in-law of William Shakespeare, purchased the property from Martin's grandson and shared ownership with John Sadler (and possibly with William Barker).1 For almost 100 years, these men or their heirs were absentee owners who bought an additional 2,000 acres. Benjamin Harrison II of Wakefield purchased the land prior to his death in 1712.

Harrison's son Nathaniel (1677-1727) inherited the acreage and passed it to his son Col. Nathaniel Harrison II (1703-1791), who built Brandon Plantation in 1765. His son, Benjamin Harrison III (1743-1807), named after his great uncle of the same name, left a will that divided the 7,000 acre property between his two sons, George Evelyn Harrison (1797-1839) and William Byrd Harrison (1800-1870), who were to receive their inheritance when they reached the age of twenty-one. When he came of age, George Evelyn Harrison received the original Brandon house and divided the land with his brother. County tax records show that in 1824 Brandon had 93 slaves and Upper Brandon had 94.

William Byrd Harrison, an 1820 graduate of Harvard University inherited the property now known as Upper Brandon and completed the main building and its two dependencies in 1825. Two wings were added to the main structure in 1859. The main house at Upper Brandon is a five-bay center hall, red brick structure built in the Federal style with a low hip roof with a widows walk.

The design of the mansion and its woodwork was influenced by The American Builder's Companion by Asher Benjamin. Due to similarities in construction, it is believed that the itinerant craftsmen involved in its construction may be responsible for several other equally important contemporary Virginia houses including Magnolia Grange, in Chesterfield County.; Hampstead, in New Kent County;  Horn Quarter, King William County.; the Governor's Mansion in  Richmond; and 19th-century alterations to the 18th-century mansion at Brandon.

The house is a large Tidewater rectangular dwelling with a center hall and four corner rooms (20' X 20') repeated in the basement and on the second floor with approximately 3,756 square feet on each floor. The seven-foot-tall, third-floor attic, with access to the widow's walk, was never finished. This five-part Palladian form was well established among the grander Virginia plantations. The two smaller three-bay dependencies had similar configurations at either end of the main structure, connected by low hyphens that are partially below grade.  with the kitchen and laundry in the west building to allow passage of food to the main house. The east dependency is thought to have been a school or office and access through the east hyphen was never completed. The brickwork is a Flemish bond, and the roof is slate; smaller bricks were used to construct the dependencies. Classical porches complete the two facades using Composite order columns on the northwest front river entrance and Ionic order columns on the southeast land entrance.

William Byrd Harrison and his family lived there until the outbreak of the Civil War. After the Civil War, William Byrd Harrison never returned to live at Upper Brandon and upon his death in 1870, the plantation was purchased by his nephew, George Harrison Byrd.  Byrd's son Francis Otway Byrd, the last Harrison descendant to live at Upper Brandon inherited the plantation in 1909.  He sold the estate to Hopewell businessman Harry Clarke Thompson and his wife, Frances Hargroves Thompson in 1948.  Thompson later acquired the adjoining Dunmore and Edloe properties.

In 1950, they asked their son-in-law, Henning Frederick Robertson, to take over operation of the farm and dairy. Following the death of Harry Thompson, the 1800 acre property was sold to Fred E. Watkins of Curles Neck Farms in 1961, and the Dunmore and Edloe farm properties were left to the Thompson's two daughters. Robertson and his family continued to manage the farm for Watkins and live in the main house until 1969. Watkins used the farmland at Upper Brandon to grow feed for his cows at Curles Neck Dairy. The manor house was unoccupied from 1969 until 1984 when the property was purchased by the James River Corporation. They restored the mansion and used the property as a conference center and corporate retreat. James River Corporation later acquired the adjoining Edloe property from Frederick and Legare Thompson Robertson.

Modern history
Upper Brandon was purchased in 2012 by the James C. Justice Companies, which is currently owned and operated by the Justice family, headed by patriarch Jim Justice. The family owns The Greenbrier Resort and has extensive farming and mining operations in West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina including 50,000 acres (200 km2) that it farms through its Justice Farms of North Carolina operations headquartered in Roanoke, Virginia.

The Upper Brandon property is protected through a conservation easement held by the American Farmland Trust.

References

Houses completed in 1825
Houses in Prince George County, Virginia
James River plantations
Virginia Historic Landmarks


title: Cheapair

text:
CheapAir.com is an American online travel agency, established in 1989 by Jeff Klee. Based in Agoura Hills, California with an additional office in Chicago, CheapAir is a privately owned company under the parent company AmTrav. According to Travel Weekly, CheapAir.com, under the parent company AmTrav, is ranked #38 on the 2022 Power List of Travel Agencies in the United States.

History
Founded in 1989 by CEO, Jeff Klee, out of his University of Michigan dorm room, CheapAir.com was originally known as 1-800-Cheap-Air prior to the website launch in 2000. In 1993 Craig Fichtelberg became a co-founder and president and began the nationwide expansion from California to Chicago to NYC.

In 2011, CheapAir.com announced  Price Drop Payback, a program that guarantees to reimburse any price difference before a flight.

In 2012, after airlines began adding ancillary revenue, CheapAir.com added amenities like WiFi, movies, Live TV, and power ports, to its online shopping display.

In September 2012, CheapAir.com launched “Easy Search”, which lets users enter natural language to search for travel deals, becoming one of the first travel websites to offer semantic search.

In March 2013, CheapAir.com created the first voice-activated flight search app for iOS devices. The app won a Travel Weekly award and was named one of the best apps and websites for travelers.

In November 2013, CheapAir.com became the first travel agency worldwide to accept bitcoin as an alternate form of payment for flights. In February 2014, CheapAir became the first travel agency worldwide to accept bitcoin as an alternate form of payment for hotels.

In February 2015, CheapAir.com became the first U.S. travel agency to book direct flights from the U.S. to Cuba.

In July 2016, CheapAir.com was the first travel agency to launch a monthly payment option with Affirm allowing travelers to "Travel Now & Pay Later" for flights and hotels worldwide.

In October 2022, CheapAir.com goes green with a new sustainable flight feature called “Green Choice.”

References

External links

American travel websites
American companies established in 1989
Internet properties established in 2000
Online travel agencies
Travel ticket search engines


title: Cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre

text:
The 15 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1984 Winter Olympics, in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. It was the eighth appearance of the event at its length of 15 km. The competition was held on Monday, 13 February 1984 at Veliko Polje, Igman. Of the 91 athletes who started the race, 8 did not finish or were disqualified.

Gunde Svan of Sweden won gold, his first Olympic gold medal, being the youngest ever Olympic cross-country gold medallist. Defending Olympic champion and fellow Swede, Thomas Wassberg did not defend his title preferring to concentrate on other events. Ove Aunli of Norway was disqualified after finishing fifth for using illegal skate strokes at the climax of the race.

Results

References

External links
Official Olympic Report

Men's cross-country skiing at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Men's 15 kilometre cross-country skiing at the Winter Olympics


title: Angel Hays

text:
Angelo Hays,  (born c. 1918, died January 12, 2008, Saint-Quentin-de-Chalais, France) was a French celebrity and inventor. Some sources, using the misspelled name Angelo, claim he survived a premature burial for two days.

Hays, a farm worker and inventor, said that on September 1, 1937, he fractured his skull in an accident, and he said he was "considered to be dead" and "was almost buried alive"
The incident led Hays to develop a coffin that could sustain human life, which he demonstrated at a fair in Saint-Aulaye, France in 1974, surviving 30 hours buried underground, and in 1984 survived two days buried at the "Festival des records et inventions" in Aubigny, France.

His invention led to several appearances on TV.

References

Year of birth uncertain
20th-century French inventors
Premature burials
2008 deaths


title: Monticello Confederate Monument

text:
The Monticello Confederate Monument stands at the end of the main entrance road to the Oaklawn Cemetery in Monticello, Arkansas.  It was dedicated in 1915 to the Confederate soldiers of Drew County who served in the American Civil War.  The main sculpture, which is made of marble, depicts a uniformed Confederate soldier carrying a blanket roll, and wearing a scabbard.  He stands with both hands on a rifle, whose butt end is on the ground.  It measures  tall and about  square, and stands on a marble base  high.  It is inscribed as follows:
east side: CSA / TO THE / CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS / OF DREW COUNTY / 1861 - 1865
north side: ERECTED BY THE / W. F. SLEMONS CHAPTER / U. D. C. / 1914
south side, beneath a furled flag: FURL THAT BANNER! TRUE, / 'TIS GORY / YET, 'TIS WREATHED AROUND / WITH GLORY, / AND WILL LIVE IN SONG / AND STORY, / THOUGH IT'S FOLDS ARE IN THE DUST. / FATHER RYAN.
west side, beneath crossed sabers: LEST / WE / FORGET

The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Drew County, Arkansas

References

Cultural infrastructure completed in 1915
Buildings and structures in Drew County, Arkansas
Confederate States of America monuments and memorials in Arkansas
Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Drew County, Arkansas
Neoclassical architecture in Arkansas
1915 establishments in Arkansas


title: Rich Man, Poor Man (film)

text:
Rich Man, Poor Man is a lost 1918 American silent romantic drama film starring Marguerite Clark and directed by J. Searle Dawley. It is based on a 1916 Broadway play by George Broadhurst. It was produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Plot
As described in a film magazine, following the death of her mother, Betty Wynne (Clark) becomes the drudge of the boarding house until one of her friends introduces her as the missing grandchild of John K. Beeston (Warde). When the deception is discovered, Betty has made such an impression Beeston that he insists that she remain, and since the man she loves is the real missing heir, she quite readily consents to becoming a member of the household.

Cast
Marguerite Clark as Betty Wynne
Richard Barthelmess as Bayard Varick
George Backus as Henry Mapelson
Frederick Warde as John K. Beeston
 J. W. Herbert as De Courcey Lloyd
Augusta Anderson as Mrs. De Courcey Lloyd
William Wadsworth as Henry Evans
Ottola Nesmith as Mrs. Wynne
 Mary Davis as Mrs. Tilney
Winter Hall

References

External links

AllMovie.com

1918 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by J. Searle Dawley
Lost American romantic drama films
Paramount Pictures films
American films based on plays
1918 romantic drama films
American black-and-white films
1910s American films
Silent American romantic drama films
1910s English-language films
English-language romantic drama films