title: Arnait Video Productions

text:
Arnait Video Productions (Women's Video Workshop of Igloolik) is a women's filmmaking collective that aims to value the voices of Inuit women in debates of interest to all Canadians. Arnait is related to Isuma Productions.

History
Arnait was founded in 1991 by Marie-Hélène Cousineau, Madeline Ivalu, Susan Avingaq, Mary Kunuk Iyyiraq and Atuat Akkitirq. It was originally named Arnait Ikajurtigiit (Inuktitut: Women helping each other), and focuses on documenting women's experience and community in Nunavut.

Susan Avingaq describes Arnait as: "a women's video workshop [that] can help people communicate with each other. That can be useful. It can make them understand. A long time ago, just with words and language, people believed stories and legends, they saw pictures in their imagination. Our stories are useful and unforgettable".

Productions
As with Isuma, Arnait's work spans interviews, short ethnographic videos on traditional activities, television series, feature documentaries and narrative feature films. Their first narrative feature Before Tomorrow (Le Jour avant le lendemain) was adapted by Danish writer Jørn Riel from the novel For morgendagen. It premiered in Igloolik in 2008 in front of the community involved in its making. It received nine Canadian Genie Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Actor, Adapted Screenplay, Art Direction, Costumes, Sound, Original Song, and four Jutra Awards: Best Picture, Director, Costumes, Music.

Uvanga premiered at the Festival du Nouveau Cinéma in September 2013, toured internationally to film festivals including the Berlinale, and had a theatrical release in Canada in summer 2014.

In 2014, Arnait started production on Sol, a documentary prompted by the supposed suicide of 26-year-old musician Solomon Uyarasuk in a Royal Canadian Mounted Police jail cell. The film subsequently won the Grand Prize for Best Canadian Feature at the RIDM Montreal International Documentary Festival and was included in the list of Canada's Top Ten feature films of 2014, selected by a panel of filmmakers and industry professionals organized by TIFF.

Short works
Ningiura (Grandmother)
Qulliq
Attagutaaluk Starvation
Piujuq
Angutautaq

Features
Anaana (Mother)
Unakuluk (Dear Little One)
Before Tomorrow (Le Jour avant le lendemain), 2008
Uvanga, 2013
Sol, 2014
Tia and Piujuq, 2018
Restless River, 2019

References

Feminist filmmakers
Inuit organizations
Film production companies of Canada
Inuit film
Indigenous film and television production companies in Canada
Indigenous broadcasting in Canada
Organizations based in Nunavut
Women's film organizations
Film collectives
Women's collectives
Canadian companies established in 1991
Women in Nunavut


title: Kaymakam Kemal Bey

text:
Kaymakam Kemal Bey (? – 17 June 1919) was the Ottoman kaymakam (district governor) of the town of Menemen, and is known for his assassination during the Menemen Massacre in 1919. He was among the notables of the Ottoman Muslim community of Menemen, who were killed by the Greek army during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22). He is commemorated by a monument in the town.

Life and political career
Kemal was born in Istanbul, modern Turkey. He first became the kaymakam of Bergama and was later transferred to the nearby town of Menemen during the World War I. While serving there he was bethrothed to a girl in Istanbul.

The town of Menemen had some 20.000  inhabitants, including a mixed population of Turks and Greeks. Some of the local Greeks in the town and region were persecuted and fled to Greece during the war.
When the war ended Greece invaded western Anatolia during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22). Menemen was occupied on 22 May 1919 by the Greeks. Kemal was opposed to their occupation. Some months later, the battle of Bergama took place, after which some retreating Greek soldiers initiated a massacre in Menemen. On 17 June 1922 the massacre took place and Kemal was murdered. This massacre was later investigated by an allied commission led by 4 generals who found the Greeks solely responsible. The Turks complained that his body was not allowed to be buried according to Islamic procedures.

The town of Menemen was retaken by the Turkish army on 9 September 1922, this event is annually commemorated along with the death of Kemal Bey. In 1932 a memorial to Kaymakam Kemal Bey was erected in the town and here he is annually commemorated.

References

19th-century births
1919 deaths
Executed politicians
20th-century executions by Greece
Executed people from the Ottoman Empire
Turkish people of the Turkish War of Independence
Politicians from Istanbul
Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire
Turkish people of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Kaymakams


title: Herbert Hodge

text:
Herbert Hodge (1901-?) was a London taxi driver and BBC radio personality.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 16 July 1943.

Hodge's autobiography, It's Draughty In Front, was published in 1938. He stood for the New Party in Limehouse at the 1931 General Election.

Bibliography

References

External links

 Herbert Hodge – The Cabbie Philosopher

1901 births
Year of death missing
BBC people


title: Malaika Goel

text:
Malaika Goel (born 23 October 1997) is an Indian shooter. She won the silver medal in the Women's 10m Air Pistol competition at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland. She was the youngest medallist.

Career
By the age of 20, Goel had grabbed as many as 16 international medals. She started her shooting career in 2008. In 2012, Goel won a silver medal at the senior national championships in the 10 meter Air Pistol competition. In the same year, she also won a silver at the Asian Air Gun Championships in China in the juniors category. In its 2013 event held in Tehran, Goel scoring 197.7 points won the gold medal in the Youth section.

In the 2014 Commonwealth Games, she won the silver medal, having scored 197.1 points. She left behind Dorothy Ludwig of Canada with Bronze medal. She also won a bronze at the Asian Championships in Kuwait in 2014. At the 59th National Shooting Championship in 2015 in New Delhi, she earned the bronze medal in the 10-metre air pistol event. Goel's coach are Mohinder Lal and Gurjeet Singh.

References

Living people
1997 births
Sportspeople from Amritsar
Indian female sport shooters
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games
Sportswomen from Punjab, India
Commonwealth Games medallists in shooting
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Sport shooters from Punjab, India
Shooters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Asian Games competitors for India
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Tre gringos

text:
Tre gringos (Three gringo's) is a song originally recorded by Just D on 1995 album Plast. Originally, the song had a doo-wop arrangement.

During the Grammis Awards ceremony in 1996 gala, Just D performed the song together with Thorleifs. The song was now turned into a dansband song with a saxophone arrangement. This version was also released as a single, topping the Swedish singles chart. The song also stayed at Svensktoppen for a total of 13 weeks between 16 March and 8 June 1996, peaking at second position.

The Just D and Thorleifs recording charted at Trackslistan for 9 weeks between 9 March and 4 May 1996.

Lyrical the song describes a group of people noticing an advertising for a saxophone, and travel with the Stockholm metro blueline from Fridhemsplan out to a suburb to buy it. Once there, they encounter a cultural life originating at warmer places, and the song lyrics describe modern life changing world, making people feel like it's "shrinking".

At Dansbandskampen 2008, the song was performed by Nizeguys.

References

1995 songs
Thorleifs songs
Songs about Stockholm
Songs about music
Songs about trains
Swedish hip hop songs
Swedish-language songs


title: Women Make Waves

text:
Women Makes Waves is a film festival based in Taiwan since 1993. It is the first and only women's film festival in the country.

It is the largest women's film festival in Asia, and predates the Taipei Film Festival, which was founded in 1998. Since 2005, there is also an annual Asian Lesbian Film and Video Festival in Taipei, and since 2014, the annual Taiwan International Queer Film Festival (TIQFF), the only LGBTQ film festival in Taiwan, which has screenings every autumn in Taipei and two other major cities.

In Chinese Women's Cinema: Transnational Contexts, edited by Lingzhen Wang, it is noted that the initial event at the Huo K'o Gallery in Taipei was called the Women's Visual Arts Festival. It was founded by the Taiwanese filmmaker Yu-shan Huang, supported by Lee Yuan-chen and other members of the Women Awakening magazine.

The film festival is organized by the Taiwan Women's Film Association (TFWA) which was established in 1998 with help from the Taiwan government and civic organisations, and was originally known as the Taipei Women's Film Association.

In 2001, it became the first touring film festival in Taiwan with the aim of reducing the urban-rural divide in access to cinema.

The film festival has screened nearly one thousand international and Taiwanese films, specialising in films of a feminist perspective, moving beyond the mainstream outlook to focus on voices and issues that are often unheard, explored and delighted in. The organization is also involved in distribution of films and books; it works in education and video training. The members of TWFA are mainly filmmakers, artists and academics of film or gender studies. Highlights from the film festival have also gone on an international tour including to New York.

See also
 Cinema of Taiwan
 List of women's film festivals

References

Film festivals in Taiwan
Women's film festivals
Recurring events established in 1993
1993 establishments in Taiwan


title: The Battle of Bretton Woods

text:
The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order is a 2013 non-fiction book by Dr. Benn Steil.

It covers the 1944 conference that established the architecture of the postwar international monetary system, leading to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the substance of the negotiations, and especially the roles of the key players, most notably the famous British economist John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White, the U.S. Treasury official who led the American negotiating team. The book sheds light on how White got to dominate economic policy and was influential in the postwar economic order.

References

2013 non-fiction books
Books about capitalism
Books about economic history
Books about John Maynard Keynes
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
Works about the World Bank
Works about the International Monetary Fund
Princeton University Press books


title: Sarah Pucill

text:
Sarah Pucill is a London-based film artist. Her work is distributed by LUX, London and LightCone, Paris. She is a Reader at University of Westminster. Central to her work is "a concern with mortality and the materiality of the filmmaking process". Much of her work appears within the restrictions of domestic spaces. In her "explorations of the animate and inanimate, her work probes a journey between mirror and surface".

Career
Pucill studied in London at the Slade School of Fine Art. You Be Mother (1990), was Pucill's first film. It won awards for Best Innovation, Atlanta, 1995; and Best Experimental Film, Oberhausen, 1991. In 2011, it was exhibited in "Moving Portraits" at the De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill, Sussex, and in 2004 at A Century of Artists' Film in Britain at Tate Britain.

The 1990s saw the emergence of Pucill's particular artistic vision in experimental film, and her work has appeared internationally in both galleries and cinemas. Retrospective screenings including "A History of Artists Film and Video" (2007) have been held at BFI Southbank in 2011, to commemorate 50 years since Maya Deren's death. Pucill's work was included in "Assembly: A survey of recent artists" film and video in Britain 2008–2013' at Tate Britain, 2014.

Her 2010 film, Phantom Rhapsody was shown at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, and at the L'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts Paris, and at the Tate Britain, Millennium Film, Anthology Film Archives, New York, Pleasure Dome, Toronto. The film examines the phantom's appearance and disappearance in relation to the "present/absent dynamic of visible lesbian sexuality" in both the history of cinema and art history.

In 2013, her film Magic Mirror was funded by Arts Council England and published as a DVD by LUX. Magic Mirror examines the word and image connections in Claude Cahun's writing from her book Aveux non avenus (Disavowals) through a re-staging of her photographs. Magic Mirror, which is "part essay, part film poem", seeks to explore the links between Cahun's photographs and her writings. The film premiered at Tate Modern in April 2013, and was shown at the Institute of Contemporary Arts.

"Magic Mirror" was staged as an exhibition at the Nunnery Gallery, London, in the exhibition "Magic Mirror" (17 April – 14 June 2015), curated by Karen Leroy-Harris which showed photographs by Claude Cahun, with the film and photographs by Sarah Pucill.

In 2016, Pucill completed her second 16mm film that re-stages photographs by Claude Cahun; "Confessions to the Mirror" (2016), which was funded by Arts Council England. The film premiered at London Film Festival, 2016  and was produced as a blu-ray by LUX, London.

"Confessions to the Mirror" (2016) was exhibited in the exhibition, "Under the Skin" that showed photographs by Claude Cahun at Cobra Museum of Modern Art, Amstelveen, Holland at (October 2020 – May 2021). The exhibition toured with "Confessions to the Mirror" to Kunsthal Museum Gallery, Rotterdam, 2022.

In 2019, Pucill exhibited the film installation "Garden Self Portraits" (2019) which includes clips from "Confessions to the Mirror" at Ottawa Art Gallery, Ottawa in the exhibition "Facing Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore", (Sep14th2019-Feb9th2020), curated by Michelle Gewurtz.

Pucill's film "Eye Cut" (16mm col, 20min, 2021) premiered at the London Film Festival in 2021. It won best experimental film at Toronto Women Film Festival 2021 and Best Experimental Film award at London New Wave Cinema.

She appears in a documentary "Gelebte Träume – Künstlerinnen des Surrealismus" by Maria Anna Tappeiner for ARTE TV, Germany, that shows clips from her Cahun films(2013,2016). Her films have been screened at numerous international film festivals, including: the BFI London Film Festival, the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, European Media Art Festival, Berlinale and the Montréal Festival of New Cinema. Television broadcasts of her films include: BSB TV Australia (Mirrored Measure, 1996), Carlton Television (Backcomb, 1995), and Granada TV (You Be Mother, 1980).

She has been teaching at the University of Westminster since 2000 where she is currently a Reader and where she received a PhD in 2014.

Filmography
Pucill's films include:

You Be Mother, 1990
Milk and Glass, 1993
Backcomb, 1995
Mirrored Measure, 1996
Swollen Stigma, 1998
Cast, 2000
Stages Of Mourning, 2004
 Taking My Skin, 2006
Blind Light, 2007
Fall In Frame, 2009
Phantom Rhapsody, 2010
Magic Mirror, 2013
"Confessions To The Mirror", 2016
"Eye Cut", 2021

References

External links

Living people
British video artists
Women video artists
British film directors
Academics of the University of Westminster
British women film directors
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Kelly Gale

text:
Kelly Olivia Gale (born 14 May 1995) is a Swedish model. She is known globally for her work for Victoria's Secret, the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and Playboy, as well as being featured in the music video of "Duele el Corazón" by Enrique Iglesias.

Early life
Gale was born and raised in Gothenburg, Sweden. She also lived in Ghana for four years, and in Australia. Her mother Gita (who is a dentist and former pilot) was born in Pune, Maharashtra, India and was adopted by a Swedish family at age 5. Kelly's father Jeff is a photographer and former footballer from Tatura, Victoria, Australia. Gale has two younger brothers.

Gale has been involved in sports since an early age. She played soccer with Näsets SK in Gothenburg and tennis since she was seven years old. She attended Näsetskolan and Göteborgs Högre Samskola.

At age 13, she was discovered by a model agent outside a coffee shop in Gothenburg. Initially, Gale's parents were opposed to her working as a model but she eventually started modeling one year later. One of her first modelling jobs was for H&M.

Career
Gale's first big fashion show was Chanel in 2012.

In 2013, she was chosen to walk the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show for the first time, she has since walked the show in 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Gale has been in adverts and catalogues of H&M and H-I-G-H. She has walked runways for Azzedine Alaia, Chanel, Monique Lhuillier, Tommy Hilfiger, Band of Outsiders, Narciso Rodriguez, Badgley Mischka, Vivienne Tam, Ralph Lauren, Christopher Kane, Reem Acra, Tom Ford, Jean Paul Gaultier, John Galliano, Academy of Arts, Diane von Fürstenberg, Nanette Lepore, L'Wren Scott, Thomas Tait, Houghton, Rag & Bone and Victoria's Secret.

She has been featured on the cover of French Revue des Modes, and on editorials of Teen Vogue, Vogue Italia, Elle, Vogue India and Lucky.

In 2016, Gale was the Playboy Playmate of the Month for September 2016.

Gale leads a healthy lifestyle, paying particular attention to the type of food she eats. She trains for 2–3 hours each day and ramps up the tempo in the weeks prior to the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. Her fitness regime includes power walking, jogging, boxing, and yoga.

Personal life
Gale was in a long-term relationship with a Swedish business manager, Johannes Jarl. As of early 2019, she has been in a relationship with Swedish actor Joel Kinnaman. She became engaged to Kinnaman in January 2021.

References

External links

Living people
1995 births
People from Gothenburg
2010s Playboy Playmates
Female models of Indian descent
Ford Models models
Swedish female models
Swedish people of Australian descent
Swedish people of Indian descent


title: Metal (Pierre Estève album)

text:
Metal is the sixth album by French composer Pierre Estève and was released in 2001 by Shooting Star. It is the second album after Bamboo from Esteve's MADe IN series, based on matters from Chinese instrument classification.

Track listing

Personnel
Musicians
Pierre Estève
Ramon Fossati
Axel Lecourt
Alain Rouault

Release history

References

2001 albums
Pierre Estève albums


title: Luke Davison

text:
Luke Davison (born 8 May 1990) is an Australian former professional road and track cyclist.. In 2012 he won the Goulburn to Sydney Classic.  In 2014 he represented Australia at the Track World Championships and the Commonwealth Games and won gold in the team pursuit event at both meetings. On the road he won the Omloop der Kempen. In November 2014 it was announced that he would rejoin Team Budget Forklifts for 2015 alongside fellow members of the Australian endurance track squad Jack Bobridge, Glenn O'Shea, Scott Sunderland and Mitchel Mulhearn, riding a domestic programme with a focus on achieving success on the track at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Major results

Road
2011
 5th Road race, Oceania Under-23 Road Championships
2012
 1st Overall National Road Series
 1st Overall Tour of the Murray River
1st Stages 1, 6, 8 & 12
 1st Stages 1, 2,4 & 9 Tour of Gippsland
 1st Stages 2 & 8 Tour of the Great South Coast
 1st Stage 2 Goulburn to Sydney Classic
 6th Time trial, Oceania Road Championships
2013
 1st Stage 2 Herald Sun Tour
 1st Stage 3 Tour of the Murray River
2014
 1st Omloop der Kempen

Track

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Australian male cyclists
Cyclists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men)
Cyclists from New South Wales
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Australian track cyclists
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from New South Wales


title: Peter Fettes

text:
Peter Fettes was a BBC Radio presenter, active in the 1940s and 1950s. He subsequently became a BBC head of staff training.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 11 August 1945.

References

He was born in Penang Malaysia, son of Colonel James Dollery Fettes and Margaret Hood Moffat Johnstone. At the age of 7 he was sent back alone to England to school whilst his father was building the Guillemard Reservoir which brought water from the hill to the city of Penang.

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
BBC radio presenters


title: Wu Tsang

text:
Wu Tsang (born 1982 in Worcester, Massachusetts) is a filmmaker, artist and performer based in New York and Berlin, whose work is concerned with hidden histories, marginalized narratives, and the act of performing itself. In 2018, Tsang received a MacArthur "genius" grant.

According to Tsang, her films, videos, and performances look to explore the "in-betweeness" in which people and ideas cannot be discussed in binary terms. Generally, her films form a hybrid of narrative and documentary; they do not conform fully to one form or the other.

Her projects have been presented at the Tate Modern (London), Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), Migros Museum (Zurich), the Whitney Museum and the New Museum (New York), the MCA Chicago, MoCA Los Angeles and SFMOMA (San Francisco). In 2012 she participated in the Whitney Biennial, Liverpool Biennial and Gwangju Biennial.

Education
Tsang received a B.F.A. (2004) from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and an M.F.A. (2010) from the University of California at Los Angeles.

Work

Film
Tsang's best-known documentary, Wildness, documents the Los Angeles trans bar "Silver Platter". Wu Tsang directed and produced the film. It was co-written with Roya Rastegar. The film was premiered at the MoMA Documentary Fortnight in New York and has been screened at festivals in Canada, the US, and Chile. Since 1963, "Silver Platter" has been a historic bar that patronised by a predominantly Latin LGBT community. Wildness documents what happens when a group of young artists host a weekly performance night at the bar. Documenting the collision between the two LGBT communities, the film poses questions about community, space, and ownership. In an interview, Tsang describes how this film represents a number of people who are often stereotyped, such as trans people, people of color, and queer communities, and she experiments with how to be accountable to the communities that she documents. Her collaborators include poet and scholar Fred Moten as well as performance artist boychild.

Short films
Wu Tsang's short films include:

 Under Cinema (2017): This film follows R&B singer Kelela along for a deep dive into the life of a black artist. The film is intimately shot on a handheld camera which follows Kelela through events such as a festival, studio time, and emotional reflections. "The most memorable moment of Under Cinema is when Kelela speaks to camera and eloquently dismantles the music industry by pointing out how it is ‘interested in … the currency of culture you come with as a person of colour’ and that ‘pop music comes from R&B, it’s a painful music."
 Duilian (2015): The film explores the life and writings of Qiu Jin, a Chinese feminist revolutionary who was executed at the age of 31 for attempting to foment revolution against the Qing dynasty. Lesser known, and highlighted in the film, is her long-term queer relationship with calligrapher Wu Zhuying. Wu Tsang plays Wu Zhuying, and long-time Wu Tsang collaborator, Boychild, plays Qiu Jin. The film illuminates the use of Qui Jin's poems (translated in english for the first time) and Wushu Martial Arts to create "jarring yet beautiful scenes."
 You're Dead to Me (2013): In suburban California, a Chicana mother is mourning the death of her teenage daughter two years earlier. On the eve of Dia de los Muertos, everything changes when Death offers her a choice she could not make in life. The cast includes Laura Patalano and Harmony Santana. The film was widely shown in LGBT and other film festivals, and won various awards, including best short and best actress.
 Tied and True (2012): Co-written with Nana Oforiatta-Ayim, the film takes place in a fictional post-colonial African city, inspired by Île Saint-Louis, Senegal. It tells the story of two star-crossed lovers while exploring the themes of assimilation, alterity and racism.
 Mishima in Mexico (2012): Starring Alex Segade and Wu Tsang, the film is inspired by the 1950 novel by Yukio Mishima, Thirst for Love. It takes place in Mexico City, where a writer and director check into a hotel together to work through their creative process, while integrating Mishima's work into their own, and into their lives.
 Wildness (2012): This film tells the story of the weekly party and clinic Tsang hosted at the Silver Platter bar in the MacArthur Park area of Los Angeles, California. The film is a "whimsically fictional account" of the events that transpired at the Silver Platter, and is narrated by both Tsang and (in Spanish) the Silver Platter. As Tsang stated in a 2016 interview, "The more subjective I could be in telling my own experience of the situation, the more ethical I could be to my subjects and collaborators." In an interview with Art Basel, Wu Tsang said she approached this film as more as an activist than a filmmaker. She continues by saying she "felt there was an important story to tell about the lives of [her] friends at the bar, many of whom were trans women and undocumented immigrants, often struggling with overlapping invisibilities, and thriving despite intense conditions of violence and policing." Wu Tsang describes the making of Wildness as a learning process in which she taught herself to "write, direct, and edit". Wildness premiered at The Museum of Modern Art's Documentary Fortnight in 2012, and Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary in Toronto.

Feature films

 MOBY DICK; or, The Whale (2022): This is a 75-minute digital silent film accompanied by live orchestra. It is an adaptation of Herman Melville's 1851 classic Moby-Dick, with a post-colonial reading. It drew inspiration from C. L. R. James’s Mariners, Renegades, and Castaways: The Story of Herman Melville and the World We Live In, which studied the Melville work as related to colonialist greed and 1950s social hierarchy. Tsang's film depicts the ship's crew as having partially transcended gender and race, and features the main characters Ishmael and Queequeg as lovers. The film, supported by the Swiss theater Schauspielhaus Zürich, premiered in 2022, and was shown at the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid in 2023.

Art installations

 Moved by the Motion (2014– 2015) - is the first in a series of performances and works by Tsang that inhabits a space between fiction and documentary. This was presented over the course of 2014–2015 including a live performance at DiverseWorks as part of CounterCurrent in collaboration with the University of Houston Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for the Arts (Saturday, April 12, 2014) and a video installation in the exhibition Double Life at the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston (December 19, 2014 – March 13, 2015).

Awards and honors
In 2012, Tsang was named one of Filmmaker Magazine'''s "25 New Faces of Independent Film". At Outfest 2012, Wildness won the Grand Jury Award for Outstanding Documentary. Also in 2012, her work was featured in the Whitney Biennial and the New Museum Triennial. She won the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award (2013). In 2014, she was included in the Hammer Museum's 2014 "Made in L.A." biennial. In 2015 she received a Creative Capital Award for A Day in the Life of Bliss. Tsang received the MacArthur Genius Award in 2018.

Filmography
 Wildness''
Mishima in Mexico
Tied and True
You're Dead to Me
Duilian
Under Cinema

See also
 List of transgender film and television directors

References

External links

 http://wildnessmovie.squarespace.com/storage/Dean%20Spade%20make-shift%20web.pdf "Wildness" essay by Dean Spade
 http://wildnessmovie.squarespace.com/storage/WB%2712_Tsang.pdf "Wildness" essay by Wu Tsang in the Whitney Biennial Catalogue
 http://wildnessmovie.squarespace.com/storage/nifstc_wu%20roya.pdf A Conversation between Wu Tsang and Roya Rastegar
 Sister of the sword: Wu Tsang, the trans artist retelling history with lesbian kung fu
Interview with Art Basel

American performance artists
American LGBT people of Asian descent
Queer artists
American LGBT film directors
American transgender artists
Living people
Performance art in Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
American artists of Asian descent
Artists from Los Angeles
American contemporary artists
LGBT people from California

21st-century American artists
MacArthur Fellows
1982 births


title: 1972–73 Iran 2nd Division

text:
The following are the standings of the Iran Football's 2nd Division 1972–73 football season. In 1973 the Taj Ahvaz was promoted to the Takht Jamshid Cup, but league rules allowed for only one team of the same name to participate, therefore Taj Tehran, remained in the league, and Taj Ahvaz F.C. was forced to stay in the lower leagues.

League standings

Group A

Group B

Semifinals

Final

 Taj Ahvaz Promoted 1973–74 Takht Jamshid Cup

Third place play-off

See also
 1973–74 Takht Jamshid Cup

League 2 (Iran) seasons
2


title: Bulgar Mosque (Cheboksary)

text:
The Bulgar Mosque (, , ) is a mosque in the city of Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia. It is located on the outskirts of the city. Russian Grand Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin opened it on September 14, 2005.

The mosque is named after the medieval Volga-Bulgarian capital of Bolghar, and is a revered center of Islam in the Volga region.

See also
Islam in Russia
List of mosques in Russia
List of mosques in Europe

References

External links
 Photos of the Bulgar Mosque in Cheboksary

Mosques in Russia
Cheboksary
Mosques completed in 2005
21st-century mosques
Religious buildings and structures in Chuvashia
Mosques in Europe


title: Patrick Murphy (cyclist)

text:
Patrick Murphy (born 7 November 1933) is a former Canadian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1933 births
Living people
Canadian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Canada
Cyclists from Ontario
Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada


title: Isaac Reed House

text:
The Isaac Reed House is a historic house at 30-34 Main Street in downtown Newport, New Hampshire.  Built about 1869, it is a good local example of Second Empire architecture, and an important visual element of the surrounding commercial downtown and civic area.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and is a contributing property to the Newport Downtown Historic District.

Description and history
The Isaac Reed House is located opposite Newport's row of 19th-century commercial blocks, on the east side of Main Street a short way south of the Newport Opera House.  It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a clapboarded exterior.  The house is Second Empire in style, with a mansard roof punctured by dormers with central segmented-arch roofs.  The main facade is nominally three bays wide, although the first floor is divided in two, with a porticoed entry to the left and an ornately bracketed bay window to the right.

The house was built about 1869 by Dr. Isaac Reed, a local dentist, and is an important visual element of the municipal/county cluster of buildings which stand immediately adjacent.  There were originally unsympathetic additions to the rear, which were built to make the building a multi-unit residence; these additions were removed in the 1970s, when the town decided not to raze the property.  Its destruction had been contemplated as part of an urban renewal project, but was abandoned when the town decided instead to preserve and revitalize the area's historic buildings.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Second Empire architecture in New Hampshire
Houses completed in 1869
Houses in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
1869 establishments in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Newport, New Hampshire
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in New Hampshire


title: Ewan Kirk

text:
Ewan Mckinnon Kirk (born February 1961) is a British technology entrepreneur, founder of Cantab Capital Partners, chair of the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Non-Executive Director of BAE Systems. He is also Co-Chair of the Turner Kirk Trust which supports STEM, education and conservation causes in the UK and the developing world.

Early life and education
Kirk was born in February 1961 in Swindon, Wiltshire. He was raised in Scotland where he was brought up in Glasgow and attended Greenfaulds High School in Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire. He studied for a BSc in Natural philosophy and Astronomy at the University of Glasgow before studying Part III of the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge. He was promoted to a PhD in General relativity at the University of Southampton.

Career
Whilst at university, Kirk founded DaLEK Software, which developed the Computer-aided design (CAD) package MicroDraft for Amstrad CPC and PCW computers. After graduation from Southampton, he returned to Cambridge, as Director at Innovation for the science and technology consultancy Scientific Generics.

Goldman Sachs
In 1992, Kirk joined Goldman Sachs, initially working in commodities before moving to currencies.
He was appointed a managing director in 1998, and became a Partner in 2000. As a partner, Kirk was responsible for heading up the bank's European quantitative technologies group, which tested systematic investment strategies. He oversaw a team of 120 mathematicians, scientists and statisticians.

Cantab Capital Partners
In 2006, he founded Cantab Capital Partners, a science-driven quantitative investment management firm in Cambridge. The firm says its work resembles a "scientific research organisation" more than a financial firm.  Most of the members of the team hold advanced degrees in mathematics, physics, statistics or computer science. The company has links with the University of Cambridge.

In 2016, Cantab Capital Partners was acquired by GAM Investments, becoming part of GAM Systematic. At the time of acquisition, Cantab Capital Partners had 56 employees and £4.5bn under management. In February 2020, GAM Systematic won Eurohedge's 'Managed Futures – Under $500m' award for 2019.

In 2020, Kirk was awarded HFM's Lifetime Achievement Award for his founding role in Cantab, contributions to quantitative investment and developing science-led approaches to finance.

He exited as President of GAM Systematic Cantab in March 2021.

Other activity
Kirk is chair of the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.

In June 2021, Kirk joined the Board of BAE Systems.

Kirk is the Chair of and Founding Investor in Deeptech Labs, a start-up accelerator and Venture Capital fund based in Cambridge focused on building deep tech companies.

Philanthropy
In 2007, Ewan Kirk and his wife Dr Patricia Turner founded the Turner Kirk Trust, which provides funds to STEM, education and conservation causes in the UK and developing world.

Since founding, Kirk's charitable trust has disbursed more than £7 million in funding. It is one of the largest private funders of fundamental mathematics research in the UK. In 2015, through Cantab Capital Partners, he donated £5 million to the University of Cambridge to establish the Cantab Capital Institute for the Mathematics of Information.

Political activity
In 2016, Kirk was part of the official campaign making the pro-science case for remaining in the European Union during the UK’s referendum on EU membership and donated £10,000 to Scientists for EU.

Kirk is a member of the Liberal Democrats Business and Entrepreneurs Network, which is ‘a network of senior business people’ that ‘provides the party with expert advice on business and economic policy’. During the 2019 general election, Kirk was one of 60 business leaders to sign an open letter endorsing the Liberal Democrats and donated £300,000 to the party.

Personal life
Kirk is married and lives in Cambridge.

References

1961 births
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
Goldman Sachs people
Stock and commodity market managers
British hedge fund managers
British investors
British stock traders
Living people
Liberal Democrats (UK) donors


title: Hallå hela pressen

text:
"Hallå hela pressen" is a song written by Mia Kempff, Ackie Kempff and Strix Q, and performed by Chattanooga at Melodifestivalen 1982, ending up 4th.

At the Swedish singles chart the song peaked at second position in Sweden, and fourth position in Norway.

The song charted at Svensktoppen for eight weeks between 28 March-16 May 1982, topping the chart during the first week.

A 2004 recording by Nina & Kim together with Chattanooga peaked at 7th position at the Swedish singles chart.

The 1982 Chattanooga single is one of the titles in the book Tusen svenska klassiker (2009).

Charts

Chattanooga version

Nina & Kim with Chattanooga version

References

External links
 Information at Svensk mediedatabas

1982 songs
1982 singles
Melodifestivalen songs of 1982
Songs about the media
Swedish-language songs


title: Michael Harrison (announcer)

text:
Michael Harrison was a soldier, and a BBC radio presenter, active in the 1940s.

He appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 25 August 1945.

References

BBC radio presenters
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
Place of birth missing


title: Farmers' Union

text:
Farmers' Union or Farmers Union may refer to

Farmers Union (brand), food brand
Farmers Union Iced Coffee, flavoured milk drink
Farmers' Union of Canada, farmers organization in Canada
Farmers' Union of Wales, member organisation
Indian Farmers' Union, Indian farmers' representative organization
Latvian Farmers' Union, political party in Latvia
New Farmers' Union, political party in Latvia in the inter-war period
New Zealand Farmers Union, now known as Federated Farmers
Queensland Farmers' Union, political party of Australia
Southern Tenant Farmers Union, civil farmer's union in the Southern United States
Ulster Farmers' Union, member organisation for farmers in Northern Ireland
Victorian Farmers' Union, association of farmers in the Australian state of Victoria

See also
National Farmers Union (disambiguation)


title: 2014 La Course by Le Tour de France

text:
The 2014 La Course by Le Tour de France was the inaugural edition of La Course by Le Tour de France, a women's cycling race held in France. The race was run before the 21st stage of the 2014 Tour de France on 27 July.

The race was introduced following criticism by the professional women's peloton and campaigners such as Kathryn Bertine regarding the lack of a women's Tour de France.

Route and organisation
The race consisted of 13 laps on the traditional course on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, making a distance of . The race was organised by the ASO and rated by the UCI as a 1.1 category race.

Broadcasting
The race was covered in 157 countries by 25 TV broadcasters, 23 of which broadcast the last hour of the race live.

Teams
UCI Women's Teams

 Alé Cipollini
 Astana BePink Womens Team
 Bigla Pro Cycling Team
 Bizkaia–Durango
 Boels–Dolmans
 Estado de México–Faren Kuota
 Team Hitec Products
 Lotto–Belisol Ladies
 Optum p/b Kelly Benefit Strategies
 Orica–AIS
 Poitou–Charentes.Futuroscope.86
 Rabobank–Liv Woman Cycling Team
 RusVelo
 Specialized–lululemon
 Team Giant–Shimano
 UnitedHealthcare
 Wiggle–Honda Pro Cycling

National teams

The race

The race started at 11:45 Central European Summer Time (UTC+2), and was scheduled to last until 13:00. The race saw many attacks. Dutchwomen Ellen van Dijk (), who attacked multiple times, was the only women who was able to get clear for  a few laps with a maximal advantage of over half a minute. Besides of her also Anna van der Breggen, Annemiek van Vleuten (both ), Amy Pieters (Team Giant–Shimano), Chantal Blaak (), Alena Amialiusik (Astana BePink) and Rachel Neylan (Australia National team) attempted to ride away from the peloton, but none were successful. With a few kilometres to go the Mexican national champion Ana Teresa Casas (Estado de México–Faren Kuota) crashed out of the race, and with around a kilometre to go another crash in the bunch took down Lizzie Armitstead (Boels–Dolmans) and Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (Rabo–Liv). The race ended in a bunch sprint with a peloton of about 30 riders. Marianne Vos (Rabo–Liv) won the sprint ahead of Kirsten Wild (Team Giant–Shimano). Canada's Leah Kirchmann (Optum p/b Kelly Benefit Strategies) finished third in the sprint.

Classifications
Besides the individual time classification (finishing time of the riders) there is a sprint and young rider classification. The Young rider classification exists of the individual time classification with riders born since 1 January 1992. The sprint classification is established by adding up the points obtained in each of the intermediate sprints. There were sprints after each of the first eleven laps, where 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point(s) were/was awarded to the top five riders.

Prize money
The total prize money of the race was €22,500: €17,500 was to be awarded to the best 20 riders of the individual time classification, €3,500 to the first 3 riders in the sprint classification and €2,000 to the first three riders of the young rider classification.

See also
 2014 in women's road cycling

References

External links

2014 in women's road cycling
La Course by Le Tour de France
2014 in French sport


title: René Abadie

text:
René Jean-Louis Célestin Abadie (13 August 1935 – 11 July 1996) was a French cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He participated at 1962 Tour de France in the Mercier Team.

References

External links

1935 births
1996 deaths
French male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for France
Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Haute-Garonne
Cyclists from Occitania (administrative region)


title: Club des Femmes

text:
Club des Femmes curate events with a focus on women's cinema and feminist and queer filmmaking in London. Founded by curator Selina Robertson and curator-filmmaker Sarah Wood, it operates as a positive female space for the re-examination of ideas through art. They held their first festival in June 2007, in conjunction with Pride London, at the Curzon Soho in London with a week-long festival, screening works by Vivienne Dick, Lizzie Borden and Sadie Benning. In 2014, Club des Femmes co-organised She Must Be Wiki, the first feminist film Wiki edit-a-thon at the ICA with the University of Kent and Wikimedia UK.

History
In January 2008, Club des Femmes hosted a film programme at the ICA dedicated to Kathy Acker, including films by Bette Gordon and Jennifer Reeves, with a talk by Ali Smith, cited in There She Goes: Feminist Filmmaking and Beyond as evidence for the "due recognition being accorded to the full spectrum of women's moving image work" in the first decade of the twenty-first century.

Club des Femmes programme with a number of major institutions in London, including the ICA, BFI, London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival, Birds Eye View women's film festival, London Short Film Festival, Open City Docs, FRINGE! queer film festival and Hackney Picturehouse, and have also programmed events in Berlin. They toured the first ever presentation of Tove Jansson and Tuulikki Peitila's home movies.

They have screened work by major feminist filmmakers such as:
Barbara Hammer
Marina Abramović
Jayne Parker
Mona Hatoum
Martha Rosler
VALIE EXPORT
Hito Steyerl
Cordelia Swann
Carol Morley
Mia Engberg

Club des Femmes are part of Film London's National Lottery-funded Film Hub. As part of the BFI's Days of Fear and Wonder science fiction season, their weekend-long festival Women Do Science (Fiction) at the ICA in November 2014, will follow-up to their 2013 event at the Horse Hospital, Futurewoman, which featured live animation by Lisa Gornick and films by Lynn Hershman Leeson and Wanuri Kahiu.

External links

References

Film festivals in London
Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
Film organisations in the United Kingdom


title: Hugo Carvajal

text:
Hugo Armando Carvajal Barrios, nicknamed El Pollo ("The Chicken") (born 1960), is a Venezuelan diplomat and retired general. He was the head of the military intelligence in Venezuela during Hugo Chávez's government, from July 2004 to December 2011. Carvajal was arrested in Spain on 12 April 2019 based on an arrest warrant from the United States for 2011 drug trafficking charges; the U.S. asked Spain to extradite Carvajal. After the Spanish courts approved his extradition to the United States Carvajal went into hiding. On 26 March 2020, the U.S. Department of State offered $10 million for information to bring him to justice in relation to drug trafficking and narco-terrorism. On 9 September 2021 he was arrested by Spanish police in an apartment in Madrid. On 19 July 2023, Carjaval was extradited to the United States.

Biography

Early life
Hugo Armando Carvajal Barrios was born on April 1, 1960, in Viento Fresco, a village close to Caicara de Maturín, in the state of Monagas (Eastern Llanos), or in Anzoátegui state. He finished his studies at the military academy in 1981. His sister, Wilma Carvajal, was the Mayor of the Cedeño Municipality.

Career
Carvajal met Hugo Chávez in 1980 at the military academy of Caracas, where Chávez was his instructor. Carvajal took part in the 1992 coup attempt organised by Chávez against the government of Carlos Andrés Pérez. He was detained together with Chávez and he was set free with a general amnesty that president Rafael Caldera introduced in 1994.

In September 2008, the United States Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) accused Carvajal of helping Colombian guerrilla FARC in its drug trafficking activities by protecting them from drugs seizures, supplying weapons and providing with Venezuelan official documents. He was placed on the list together with Henry Rangel Silva,  Director of Venezuela's Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services, who later became Minister of Defense and Governor of Trujillo and with Ramón Rodríguez Chacín, former Minister of the Interior & Security.

Carvajal was appointed head of the National Official against Organized Crime and Financing of Terrorism in October 2012. In April 2013 he was appointed as the replacement for Wilfredo Figueroa Chacín as head of the Military Counterintelligence.

Arrest
Venezuela appointed Carvajal as its consul in Aruba in January 2014, however he had not been officially accepted by the Dutch government. He was arrested in Aruba on 22 July 2014 on a U.S. arrest warrant. Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro protested saying Carvajal had diplomatic immunity. As a protest Venezuela closed its airspace to planes coming from Aruba and Curaçao for several hours, leaving hundreds of passengers stranded. Maduro also threatened to slow down business at the Isla oil refinery on Curaçao. On July 28, he was released and flown back to Venezuela by private plane. Aruba officials declared that Dutch foreign minister Frans Timmermans had decided to recognize Carvajal's immunity. The Netherlands declared Carvajal persona non grata. In a public appearance Maduro stated: "We had a plan to escalate tension in Latin America".

One day after his release information was released that Venezuela had sent four military ships close to the shores of Aruba while Carvajal was detained. The United States Department of State said that it had evidence for severe threats by Venezuela against both Aruba and the Netherlands. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it had contact with Venezuela about the military ships, with Venezuela stating that they were returning from an exercise. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affair also stated that Carvajal was released after strictly judicial considerations based on international law.

Carvajal is also wanted by Colombia for the torture and murder of two agents.

Support for Guaidó
On 21 February 2019, during the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, Carvajal made a video in support of Juan Guaidó as interim president of Venezuela and criticized Nicolás Maduro's presidency. Carvajal calls for Venezuelan military forces to break ranks and to allow the shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela.

Maduro expelled Carvajal from the Armed Forces on 4 April, degraded his Major General status, and accused him of treason.

Arrest in Spain and extradition

Carvajal was arrested in Spain by local authorities in 2019 at the behest of the U.S. government. However, his extradition to the United States to stand trial for drug trafficking was not carried out after a Spanish court rejected the American request. The denial was appealed and then overturned in 2019 but Carvajal had disappeared by that point. In September 2021, Carvajal was arrested again by Spanish authorities after hiding out in Madrid for two years. His subsequent asylum claim was denied in October 2021 and his extradition was approved to go forward. The extradition was put on hold again after Carvajal appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. Carvajal faces charges of drug trafficking and narcoterrorism.

On 13 July 2023, the European Court of Human Rights denied Carvajal's request to avoid extradition, and five days later, Spain's High Court allowed for him to be immediately extradited to the United States. On 19 July 2023, he was extradited from Spain, arriving in New York. Charges against Carvajal filed by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York include cocaine importation and firearms-related charges. He was arraigned in the Manhattan federal court on 20 July and pled not guilty.

References

1960 births
Fugitives wanted by the United States
Living people
People of the 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts
People of the Crisis in Venezuela
United Socialist Party of Venezuela politicians
Venezuelan escapees
Venezuelan defectors
Venezuelan diplomats
Venezuelan generals
Venezuelan soldiers
Venezuelan people imprisoned abroad


title: Netherlands-Indonesia Union

text:
The Netherlands-Indonesia Union was a confederal relationship between the Netherlands and Indonesia that existed between 1949 and 1956.

History
On 15 November 1946 the Linggadjati Agreement was signed between the Netherlands and the soon-to-be independent Dutch East Indies, which stated that the Dutch colonies would become an independent nation called 'the United States of Indonesia'. A Netherlands-Indonesian Union was established "to promote their common interests." Due to a military dispute, the execution of the agreement did not take place. After the Netherlands had signed a truce with the Republic of Indonesia, the transfer of sovereignty took place on 27 December 1949, and the Netherlands-Indonesia Union was founded.

The Union was abolished when Indonesia left in 1956.

Structure
The Netherlands-Indonesia Union would be a Dutch equivalent of the British Commonwealth. The Union would consist of two independent and sovereign partners:
the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of
the Netherlands
Suriname
the Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands New Guinea
the United States of Indonesia (later Republic of Indonesia), comprising seven states.
The status of Netherlands New Guinea should be discussed further. Preliminarily, New Guinea remained under Dutch rule. And, where Suriname and the Antilles would be equal partners (federated states) in the Kingdom, New Guinea would remain a colony. The Head of the Union (Hoofd der Unie) would be Queen Juliana. The collaboration would take place in the following areas:
defense
foreign relations
finance
economic relations
cultural relations
To accomplish this, various organs would be created. Firstly, a conference of ministers had to be held every six months. Secondly, a permanent secretariat was established in The Hague. Each partner would choose a Secretary-General, who would each year take the leadership of the Secretariat. (From 1950 this was P. J. A. Idenburg for the Netherlands, who would remain such until the arrangement was dissolved in 1956.) Finally, there was a Union-Court of Arbitration set up to judge disputes between the Netherlands and Indonesia.

References

Sources
Nijhoffs Geschiedenislexicon Nederland en België, compiled by H.W.J. Volmuller in collaboration with the editors of De Grote Oosthoek, The Hague‑Antwerp 1981.

See also
French Union
French Community
British Commonwealth

Former countries in Indonesian history
Former countries in Southeast Asia
New Imperialism
Indonesia–Netherlands relations


title: Dina Galiakbarova

text:
Dina Eduardovna Galiakbarova (; born 2 November 1991) is a Russian sabre fencer, three-time world team champion (2010, 2011, and 2012) and twice European team champion (2010, 2011).

She was Junior European champion in 2010 at Lobnya, European U23 champion in 2011 at Kazan and Junior world champion the same year at the Dead Sea.

External links

  (archive)
  (archive)

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bishkek
Russian female sabre fencers
Universiade medalists in fencing
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Medalists at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade


title: UK Ching

text:
UK Ching (1933 - 25 July 2014) was a Bangladeshi freedom fighter, who was awarded the Bir Bikrom in 1971 for his military services in the Bangladesh Liberation War. Ching was born in 1933 into poverty in a Marma family of Chittagong Hill Tracts (now in Bangladesh) of British India. At the age of 15, Ching joined the East Pakistan Rifles, better known as the Bangladesh Rifles during the modern age. He served Mukti Bahini in the Bangladesh liberation war and remained an active member of the Bangladesh Rifles until 1982.

Personal life
Ching is survived by his wife, two sons and two daughters. He died on 25 July 2014, of a stroke.

References

1937 births
2014 deaths
People of the Bangladesh Liberation War
Mukti Bahini personnel
Marma people
Bangladeshi Buddhists


title: Continuous-time random walk

text:
In mathematics, a continuous-time random walk (CTRW) is a generalization of a random walk where the wandering particle waits for a random time between jumps. It is a stochastic jump process with arbitrary distributions of jump lengths and waiting times. More generally it can be seen to be a special case of a Markov renewal process.

Motivation

CTRW was introduced by Montroll and Weiss as a generalization of physical diffusion process to effectively describe anomalous diffusion, i.e., the super- and sub-diffusive cases. An equivalent formulation of the CTRW is given by generalized master equations. A connection between CTRWs and diffusion equations with fractional time derivatives has been established. Similarly, time-space fractional diffusion equations can be considered as CTRWs with continuously distributed jumps or continuum approximations of CTRWs on lattices.

Formulation

A simple formulation of a CTRW is to consider the stochastic process  defined by

whose increments  are iid random variables taking values in a domain  and  is the number of jumps in the interval . The probability for the process taking the value  at time  is then given by

Here  is the probability for the process taking the value  after  jumps, and  is the probability of having  jumps after time .

Montroll–Weiss formula

We denote by  the waiting time in between two jumps of  and by  its distribution. The Laplace transform of  is defined by

Similarly, the characteristic function of the jump distribution  is given by its Fourier transform:

One can show that the Laplace–Fourier transform of the probability  is given by

The above is called Montroll–Weiss formula.

Examples

References

Variants of random walks


title: Polevoy

text:
Polevoy (masculine), Polevaya (feminine), or Polevoye (neuter) may refer to:
Polevoy (surname) (or Polevaya), Russian last name
Polevoy, Russia (Polevaya, Polevoye), several rural localities in Russia
Polevaya Street, a street in the urban-type settlement of Aliskerovo in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Polyove, Shakhtarsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast (Polevoye), a settlement in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine


title: Paul Theron

text:
Paul Theron (born December 13, 1966) is the co-host of the Hot Stoxx show on CNBC Africa. He is also the founder and CEO of Vestact, a Johannesburg private client asset management firm.

Theron was named in 2013 as one of The 106 Finance People You Have To Follow On Twitter by Business Insider.

Theron grew up in Pretoria and graduated from Pretoria Boys High School in 1984. In that year he was both the Head Prefect and the Dux Scholar.

Theron holds a Master’s degree in Engineering (Energy Studies) from the University of Cape Town, having graduated in 1991.

Theron was also the founder of South Africa's first online stockbroker, Tradek, in 1996.

He is married to Marion Shaer and lives in Houghton, Johannesburg. Theron is an avid runner.

References

Living people
1966 births
CNBC people
University of Cape Town alumni


title: Guremu Demboba

text:
Guremu Demboba (15 December 1934 – 22 February 2023) was an Ethiopian cyclist. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Demboba died in Addis Ababa on 22 February 2023, at the age of 88.

References

External links

1934 births
2023 deaths
20th-century Ethiopian people
Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Ethiopian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Ethiopia
Sportspeople from Addis Ababa


title: Joan Edgar

text:
Joan Edgar (born Joan Burman, died 2005) was a World War II-era BBC Radio continuity announcer, and an actress.

She appeared as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 1 September 1945.

She married the television producer Barrie Edgar in 1943. The couple had first met when she performed as an acting student at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in the late 1930s. They lived in the Edgbaston district of Birmingham in retirement. Their son David Edgar became a successful playwright. He had been encouraged in this pursuit by his father, starting to write plays at the age of five when his father constructed a small wooden theatre for him. Their daughter Kate also entered the theatre, as a composer and musical director. Their other daughter, Sarah worked as an environmentalist. Barrie survived Joan.

References

Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
2005 deaths
Place of death missing
BBC radio presenters
Mass media people from Birmingham, West Midlands
20th-century English actresses
British women radio presenters


title: Electra (arts organisation)

text:
Electra is a London-based non-profit arts organisation that commissions new work by artists working across sound art, moving image, performance and visual art. The organisation particularly works with feminist concerns and overlooked histories. One of its earliest projects, Her Noise, has an archive, the Her Noise Archive, that is housed  by University of the Arts, London Archives and Special Collections at London College of Communication, and has an online resource hernoise.org.

Electra was founded by Lina Dzuverovic and Anne Hilde Neset in 2003 and the current director is Irene Revell (since 2011). The organisation has received regular funding from Arts Council England since 2005. Electra is part of the Common Practice network and has a partnership with UbuWeb.

Electra has worked with a wide range of artistic practitioners including Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Holly Antrum, Vicki Bennett, Steve Beresford, The Bohman Brothers, Sonia Boyce, Angus Carlyle, Maria Chavez, Beatrice Dillon, Kenneth Goldsmith, Goodiepal, Kim Gordon, Carl Michael von Hausswolff, Emma Hedditch, Will Holder, Karl Holmqvist, Claire Hooper, Holly Ingleton, Jakob Kirkegaard, Jutta Koether, Christina Kubisch, Cathy Lane, Isla Leaver-Yap, Annea Lockwood , Pauline Boudry / Renate Lorenz, Lydia Lunch, Christian Marclay, Daria Martin, Kaffe Matthews, Eline McGeorge, Claudia Molitor, Carlos Motta, Hayley Newman, Pil and Galia Kollectiv, Pauline Oliveros, Olivia Plender, Charlotte Prodger, Lucy Reynolds, James Richards, Marina Rosenfeld, Dawn Scarfe, Richard Thomas, Cara Tolmie, Mareike Bernien/ Kerstin Schroedinger, Matthias Sperling, Verity Susman, Sue Tompkins, Salomé Voegelin, YKON.

Electra does not have an exhibition space, but presents projects with a large range of local and international partners including Badischer Kunstverein (Karlsruhe, Germany), Barbican, Bergen Kunsthall (Norway), Cafe OTO, CRiSAP, Drugo more (Croatia), Flat Time House, Goethe Institut London, ICA London, Kings Place, Kunstmuseet KUBE (Norway), Les Laboratoires d'Aubervilliers (Paris, France), LUX, Playground Festival (Belgium), Queen Mary, University of London, The Showroom, South London Gallery, Tate Britain, Tate Modern, The Wire magazine.

References

Cultural charities based in the United Kingdom
Charities based in London
2003 establishments in England
Performing arts in England


title: Du får göra som du vill

text:
"Du får göra som du vill" is a song written by Patrik Isaksson and recorded by himself for his 1999 debut album När verkligheten tränger sig på. The song was awarded a Grammis award for "Song of the year 1999".

The single peaked at No. 11 in the Swedish singles chart, and was tested for Svensktoppen on 20 March 1999, but failed to enter the chart.

The song appeared in the 2004 film Fröken Sverige.

Erik Linder recorded the song for his 2009 album Inifrån.

Charts

References

External links
Information at Svensk mediedatabas
Information at Svensk mediedatabas

1999 singles
Swedish-language songs
Swedish pop songs
1999 songs
Sony Music singles


title: Gustaaf De Smet

text:
Gustaaf De Smet (15 May 1935 – 28 May 2020) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He spent his entire professional career riding for . He became East-Flemish champion in 1964.

De Smet died on 28 May 2020, aged 85.

Major results
Source:

1956
 1st Ronde van Vlaanderen Beloften
1957
 2nd Schaal Sels
1960
 1st Schaal Sels
1961
 3rd Omloop van Limburg
 3rd Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 8th Scheldeprijs
 8th Paris–Tours
1962
 1st GP Victor Standaert
 2nd Nationale Sluitingprijs
 5th Overall Tour du Nord
 6th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 7th Scheldeprijs
1963
 1st GP de Denain
 2nd Nationale Sluitingprijs
 3rd Brabantse Pijl
 4th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
1964
 1st Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 1st Nationale Sluitingprijs
 1st Omloop der Vlaamse Gewesten
 2nd De Kustpijl
 3rd Paris–Tours
 4th Dwars door België
 6th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
 8th Tour of Flanders
1965
 1st  Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
1st Stages 1, 2 & 5
 2nd Paris–Tours
 2nd Schaal Sels
 2nd Circuit des Onze Villes
 3rd Gent–Wevelgem
 3rd Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 3rd Nokere Koerse
 5th Paris–Brussels
 8th Tour of Flanders
 9th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
1966
 1st Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
 2nd Nationale Sluitingprijs
 3rd Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 3rd Paris–Roubaix
 5th Paris–Brussels
 5th Paris–Tours
1967
 1st GP Flandria
 3rd Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen
 3rd GP Stad Zottegem
 5th Dwars door België
 8th Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
1968
 1st Circuit du Houtland-Torhout
 6th Circuit des Onze Villes
 7th Dwars door België

References

External links

1935 births
2020 deaths
Belgian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Ghent


title: Polevoy, Russia

text:
Polevoy (; masculine), Polevaya (; feminine), or Polevoye (; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia.

Modern localities
Polevoy, Belgorod Oblast, a settlement in Novooskolsky District of Belgorod Oblast
Polevoy, Republic of Buryatia, a settlement in Kabansky Selsoviet of Kabansky District in the Republic of Buryatia
Polevoy, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a settlement in Voznesensky Selsoviet of Sosnovsky District in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Polevoy, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Zalesovsky Rural Okrug of Polessky District in Kaliningrad Oblast
Polevoy, Krasnodar Krai, a settlement in Parkovsky Rural Okrug of Tikhoretsky District in Krasnodar Krai;
Polevoy, Lipetsk Oblast, a settlement in Dolgorukovsky Selsoviet of Dolgorukovsky District in Lipetsk Oblast;
Polevoy, Magadan Oblast, a settlement in Yagodninsky District of Magadan Oblast;
Polevoy, Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Krasnoslobodsky Selsoviet under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of oblast significance of Bor in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Polevoy, Diveyevsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Satissky Selsoviet of Diveyevsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Polevoy, Lukoyanovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of imeni Stepana Razina Work Settlement in Lukoyanovsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Polevoy, Dombarovsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Polevoy Selsoviet of Dombarovsky District in Orenburg Oblast
Polevoy, Svetlinsky District, Orenburg Oblast, a settlement in Sputnikovsky Selsoviet of Svetlinsky District in Orenburg Oblast
Polevoy, Penza Oblast, a settlement in Kizhevatovsky Selsoviet of Bessonovsky District in Penza Oblast
Polevoy, Rostov Oblast, a settlement in Verkhnesolenovskoye Rural Settlement of Vesyolovsky District in Rostov Oblast
Polevoy, Ryazan Oblast, a settlement in Borkovsky Rural Okrug of Shilovsky District in Ryazan Oblast
Polevoy, Stavropol Krai, a settlement in Prikalaussky Selsoviet of Petrovsky District in Stavropol Krai
Polevoy, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Patrushevsky Selsoviet of Sysertsky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Polevoy, Kirsanovsky District, Tambov Oblast, a settlement in Sokolovsky Selsoviet of Kirsanovsky District in Tambov Oblast
Polevoy, Morshansky District, Tambov Oblast, a settlement in Rakshinsky Selsoviet of Morshansky District in Tambov Oblast
Polevoy, Pervomaysky District, Tambov Oblast, a settlement in Novoseslavinsky Selsoviet of Pervomaysky District in Tambov Oblast
Polevoy, Tula Oblast, a settlement in Krasnopolsky Rural Okrug of Kimovsky District in Tula Oblast
Polevoy, Tver Oblast, a settlement in Lukovnikovo Rural Settlement of Staritsky District in Tver Oblast
Polevoy, Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, a settlement in Zaplavnensky Selsoviet of Leninsky District in Volgograd Oblast
Polevoy, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, a settlement in Polevoy Selsoviet of Novoanninsky District in Volgograd Oblast
Polevoye, Altai Krai (or Polevoy, Polevaya), a selo in Polevskoy Selsoviet of Nemetsky National District in Altai Krai;
Polevoye, Amur Oblast, a selo in Novoivanovsky Rural Settlement of Ivanovsky District in Amur Oblast
Polevoye, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, a selo in Oktyabrsky District of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Polevoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Novomoskovsky Rural Okrug of Guryevsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast
Polevoye, Krasnoyarsk Krai, a selo in Polevskoy Selsoviet of Birilyussky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Polevoye, Kurgan Oblast, a selo in Nizhnetobolny Selsoviet of Belozersky District in Kurgan Oblast;
Polevoye, Kursk Oblast, a village in Vishnevsky Selsoviet of Shchigrovsky District in Kursk Oblast
Polevoye, Primorsky Krai, a selo under the administrative jurisdiction of Lesozavodsk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction in Primorsky Krai
Polevaya, Kostroma Oblast, a village in Samsonovskoye Settlement of Kostromskoy District in Kostroma Oblast;
Polevaya, Kursk Oblast, a village in Polevskoy Selsoviet of Kursky District in Kursk Oblast
Polevaya, Mari El Republic, a village in Obshiyarsky Rural Okrug of Volzhsky District in the Mari El Republic;
Polevaya, Perm Krai, a village in Kungursky District of Perm Krai
Polevaya, Tula Oblast, a village in Davydovsky Rural Okrug of Belyovsky District in Tula Oblast
Polevaya, Tver Oblast, a village in Tsentralnoye Rural Settlement of Kimrsky District in Tver Oblast
Polevaya, Vladimir Oblast, a village in Kovrovsky District of Vladimir Oblast

Abolished localities
Polevoy, Altai Krai, a settlement in Nizhnegusikhinsky Selsoviet of Ust-Pristansky District in Altai Krai; abolished in April 2013;

Alternative names
Polevoy and Polevoye, alternative names of Charlakta, a settlement in Tsagan-Nurskaya Rural Administration of Oktyabrsky District in the Republic of Kalmykia;


title: Modern witch-hunts

text:
Witch-hunts are practiced today throughout the world. While prevalent world-wide, hot-spots of current witch-hunting are India, Papua New Guinea, Amazonia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Body counts of modern witch-hunts exceed those of early-modern witch-hunting.

Terminology

Of main terminological interest in ethnographic literature were the emic perspectives and differentiations between witchcraft (spiritual) and sorcery (possible empiric actions like creating amulets, charms, chanting spells and curses) and the classification and translation of native terminology concerning spiritual offenses and powers. Ethnographic literature has used the term "sorcerer-hunt", which is used equivalent to witch-hunt. Also "sorcery" and "sorceress" is sometimes used as equivalent to "witchcraft".  A confusion of the terms "witch-hunt", "witchcraft" and "witchcraft notions" permeates scientific literature.

In this article, only those cases that involve the notion of a spiritual crime are referred to as witch-hunts. Closely related and sometimes included are accusations of sorcery, where a potentially observable act is suggested, but rarely proven.
Acts of lynching involving fabricated rumors of ritual murders occur frequently in Sub-Saharan Africa. They can be classified as very closely related to witch-hunts.

Not included is the different phenomenon ritual murder or any ritual abuse, which is sometimes referred to as witchcraft or witch-hunting (meaning the man-hunt for body-parts for ritual purposes).

A common parlance refers to witch-hunts as "witchcraft", a confusion of topics. Another common parlance refers to political persecution in general as "witch-hunt"; an example were the trials of McCarthyism in the USA.

Africa

Most witch-hunts today take place in modern sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of ethnographic literature on the subject remains on a local level. Summarizing studies and meta-analysis remain scarce due to the amount of data involved. Max Marwick, John Middleton, Mary Douglas and Lucy Mair were among the first to cover a wider range of witch-hunts. In recent times, Wolfgang Behringer has provided an overview about witch-hunts throughout history and continents.

A particularly high prevalence of recent witch-hunting has been noted for the DRC, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya and Nigeria. Other states showing ongoing and repeated witch-hunts are Malawi, Ghana, Gambia, Benin, Angola, CAR. While some societies suffer at most sporadic and low-level witch-hunts (Senegal, Namibia, Rwanda), the entire Sub-Saharan Africa shows a high prevalence of beliefs in the existence of witchcraft and a considerable prevalence of violent witch-hunts. Nonetheless, many if not most ethnic groups believe in the existence of witchcraft but do not or do not normally accuse people of witchcraft. Where accusations occur, accusations do not in all places lead to violence and can be even used for benefits by the accused person.

Cameroon
Several African states, including Cameroon, reestablished witchcraft-accusations in courts after their independence. From Cameroon, Robert Brain and Peter Geschiere delivered ethnographic accounts on a child-witchcraft scare that tended to remain largely peacefully. After confessions, the accused or self-accused children were rewarded with large amounts of meat to induce a purifying vomiting. In addition, witch doctors have been used as expert witnesses in trials, according to a 1998 study.

In 2017, it was reported that the Cameroonian President Paul Biya had urged citizens to use witchcraft as a means of combatting Boko Haram.

Gambia
In May 2008, Amnesty International reported that up to 1,000 people in Gambia had been abducted by government-sponsored "witch doctors" on charges of witchcraft, and taken to detention centers where they were forced to a drink poisonous concoction at gunpoint, known as kubejaro. On 21 May 2009, the New York Times reported that the alleged witch-hunting campaign had been sparked by the Gambian President, Yahya Jammeh. The president continued a series of "witch hunts" over the next seven years, in which rural villagers experienced beatings, kidnappings, and forced confessions (after the ingestion of kubejaro, which often made the victims extremely weak or unconscious). Deaths that occurred during the time were due to the side effects of drinking kubejaro, such as kidney failure, or beatings. Later, the Gambian government launched an investigation of these crimes and opened a center to support the victims. However, a Washington Post report found that many of the victims had received no support or outreach from such initiatives. Many of the victims also still suffer from health problems, such as pains, weakness, and anxiety.

Jammeh fled the country in 2017 after losing an election. In January 2019, investigators began interviewing people about their experiences of the atrocities, as either torturers or victims. The hearings may last two years. Meanwhile, the truth and reconciliation commission publicizes the interviews through social media.

Ghana
Research on witch-hunting in Ghana dates back into the early 20th century. Arthur W. Cardinall may be the first anthropologist to mention the Ghetto for victims of witch-hunts at an earth-shrine in Gnani (Tindang, Gnaani).  A later research of Susan Drucker-Brown observed and discussed the renowned Ghetto in Gambaga. In 2004, the documentary Witches in Exile by Allison Berg followed the structure of accusations in Kukuo, the biggest Ghetto near Bimbilla. Another documentary, The Witches of Gambaga, follows over 10 years the inmates of Gambaga. The Bradt Travel Guides mentions the ghetto in Gambaga as a tourist attraction.
A total of eight sanctuaries for witch-hunt victims were listed by the Ethnologist Felix Riedel. The list of sanctuaries includes so far (locations with inmates):
 Kukuo (Bimbilla, Nanumba South):  450.
 Tindang (Gnani, Gnaani):          350.
 Gushiegu:     120.
 Gambaga:       80.
 Nabule (Chereponi):      55.
 Kpatinga:      40.
 Duabone:       10.
 Banyasi (Bonyanse):      3–8.

While all are sanctuaries that offer protection for outcasts, at least five of the eight ghettoes are dominated by an earth-priest. They then serve as sites for traditional exorcisms, that involve a chicken-ordeal to determine the guilt or innocence of an accused person and a concoction to cleanse the supposed witchcraft-power. The local earth is believed to neutralize the witchcraft powers.

Ethnographic research and journalistic interest in the comparably safe and well-researched Northern Ghana sometimes lead to an overrepresentation of Ghana what witch-hunting concerns. Neighbouring regions and countries appear underrepresented in current research in comparison.

In the southern parts of Ghana as in its urban areas witch-hunting as mass-violence occurs, but far less frequent than in the Northern Regions. Deadly mass-panics in Accra and Kumasi involved media-induced penis-theft-hysterias common throughout Western and Central Africa. In general, witchcraft accusations in Southern Ghana today tend to stay rather peaceful or at least quiet, leading to social isolation of a person. A study of Van der Geest also showed, that almost every person in a Southern Ghanaian town has both experienced an accusation and accused another person.

In the early 20th century, several Witch-hunting movements spread from Northern Ghana's shrine Tongnaab into Southern Ghana and into Nigeria. Those movements tended to stay rather peaceful, while harassment, beating and fining of accused persons occurred on a regular base.

Kenya
Kenya has a long-covered history of witch-hunts. In the past years, lynchings were a frequent feature of public violence. For example, it was reported on 21 May 2008 that in Kenya a mob had burnt to death at least 11 people accused of witchcraft.

The Western region of Kenya is particularly known for witch hunts, and the district of Kisii has been labeled a "sorcery belt". In this region, elders are often targeted and labeled as witches.

Nigeria
People accused of being witches in Nigeria include a seventy year old widow from Irrua named Auntie B. As of 2019, she had avoided being made to drink a magical potion of toxic substances. In the nearby Ozalla community, at least twenty accused people since 2004 have died under similar circumstances. "Killing an alleged witch is considered a form of community service, a way to avenge and neutralize the source of danger to the community."

Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone, the witch-hunt is an occasion for a sermon by the kɛmamɔi (native Mende witch-finder) on social ethics : "Witchcraft ... takes hold in people's lives when people are less than fully open-hearted. All wickedness is ultimately because people hate each other or are jealous or suspicious or afraid. These emotions and motivations cause people to act antisocially". The response by the populace to the kɛmamɔi is that "they valued his work and would learn the lessons he came to teach them, about social responsibility and cooperation."

Tanzania
Tanzania has seen some of the most intense witch-hunts in Africa, with an estimated 20,000 people brought to death throughout the past 20 years. Mostly elderly women were affected by the violence. As a main factor, economic strains and exploitation are named by documentaries, state-reports and independent observers.

As much as 93% of the population believe in magic and witchcraft, and witchdoctors play an important role in society as healers, and everyday helpers, with as much as 100,000 registered in the county's healthcare system protocols. Black magic and witchcraft, however, is feared and not just for superstitious reasons. Incidents of abductions, maimings and even bestial killings by witchdoctors and their helpers, are regularly experienced in Tanzania, where human body parts are used in some witchcraft rituals or as magical charms. In particular the country's albino population is targeted for this, but not exclusively.

Zambia
Audrey I. Richards, in the journal Africa, relates in 1935 an instance when a new wave of witchfinders, the Bamucapi, appeared in the villages of the Bemba people of Zambia. They dressed in European clothing, and would summon the headman to prepare a ritual meal for the village. When the villagers arrived they would view them all in a mirror, and claimed they could identify witches with this method. These accused persons would then have to "yield up his horns"; i.e. give over the horn containers for curses and evil potions to the witch-finders. The bamucapi then made all drink a potion called kucapa which would cause a witch to die and swell up if he ever tried such things again.

The villagers related that the witch-finders were always right because the witches they found were always the people whom the village had feared all along. The bamucapi utilised a mixture of Christian and native religious traditions to account for their powers and said that God (not specifying which god) helped them to prepare their medicine. In addition, all witches who did not attend the meal to be identified would be called to account later on by their master, who had risen from the dead, and who would force the witches by means of drums to go to the graveyard, where they would die. Richards noted that the bamucapi created the sense of danger in the villages by rounding up all the horns in the village, whether they were used for anti-witchcraft charms, potions, snuff or were indeed receptacles of black magic.

Asia

India

Some people in India, mostly in villages, have the belief that witchcraft and black magic are effective. On one hand, people may seek advice from witch doctors for health, financial or marital problems. On the other hand, people, especially women, are accused of witchcraft and attacked, occasionally killed. It has been reported that mostly widows or divorcees are targeted to rob them of their property. Reportedly, revered village witch-doctors are paid to brand specific persons as witches, so that they can be killed without repercussions. The existing laws have been considered ineffective in curbing the murders. In June 2013, National Commission for Women (NCW) reported that according to National Crime Records Bureau statistics, 768 women had been murdered for allegedly practising witchcraft since 2008 and announced plans for newer laws.

Recent cases
Between 2001 and 2006, an estimated 300 people were killed in the state of Assam. Between 2005 and 2010, about 35 witchcraft related murders reportedly took place in Odisha's Sundergarh district. In October 2003, three women were branded as witch and humiliated, afterwards they all committed suicide in Kamalpura village in Muzaffarpur district in Bihar. In August 2013, a couple were hacked to death by a group of people in Kokrajhar district in Assam. In September 2013, in the Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh, a woman was murdered and her daughter was raped on the allegation that they were practising black magic.

A 2010 estimate places the number of women killed as witches in India at between 150 and 200 per year, or a total of 2,500 in the period of 1995 to 2009. The lynchings are particularly common in the poor northern states of Jharkhand, Bihar and the central state of Chhattisgarh.
Witch hunts are also taking place among the tea garden workers in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal India. The witch hunts in Jalpaiguri are less known, but are motivated by the stress in the tea industry on the lives of the adivasi workers.

In India, labeling a woman as a witch is a common ploy to grab land, settle scores or even to punish her for turning down sexual advances. In a majority of the cases, it is difficult for the accused woman to reach out for help and she is forced to either abandon her home and family or driven to commit suicide. Most cases are not documented because it is difficult for poor and illiterate women to travel from isolated regions to file police reports. Less than 2 percent of those accused of witch-hunting are actually convicted, according to a study by the Free Legal Aid Committee, a group that works with victims in the state of Jharkhand.

Indonesia
Superstition and belief in magic is most common in Indonesia, where services from dukun, as Indonesian male and female witch-doctors are called, help with healings, blessings, fortune telling, and other magical tasks in everyday life on a regular basis. Belief in, and fear of, black magic and sorcery from dukun is also prevalent and a source of conflict and sometimes even witch-hunts and killings.

The collapse of the violent Suharto era in 1998 was accompanied by vigilante witch-hunts with about 400 killings in the following years. The large scale persecutions has diminished since then, but accusations, witch-hunts and sometimes killings still occur regularly on a smaller scale in Indonesia. However, it is unclear if superstition and genuine fear of sorcery is the motivating factor in these incidents, or the prospect of grabbing victims possessions and property is more important. The law and penal code of Indonesia does not encompass magic or the supernatural, but there has been public pressure and debate about including it since at least 1981, hoping to outlaw witches and witchcraft.

Nepal

Witch-hunts in Nepal are common, and are targeted especially against low-caste women. The main causes of witchcraft related violence include widespread belief in superstition, lack of education, lack of public awareness, illiteracy, caste system, male domination, and economic dependency of women on men. The victims of this form of violence are often beaten, tortured, publicly humiliated, and murdered. Sometimes, the family members of the accused are also assaulted.
In 2010, Sarwa Dev Prasad Ojha, minister for women and social welfare, said, "Superstitions are deeply rooted in our society, and the belief in witchcraft is one of the worst forms of this."

Papua New Guinea

Though the practice of "white" magic (such as faith healing) is legal in Papua New Guinea, the 1976 Sorcery Act imposes a penalty of up to two years in prison for the practice of "black" magic. In 2009, the government reports that extrajudicial torture and murder of alleged witches—usually lone women—are spreading from the highland areas to cities as villagers migrate to urban areas. For example, in June 2013, four women were accused of witchcraft because the family "had a 'permanent house' made of wood, and the family had tertiary educations and high social standing". All of the women were tortured and Helen Rumbali was beheaded. Helen Hakena, chairwoman of the North Bougainville Human Rights Committee, said that the accusations started because of economic jealousy born of a mining boom.

Reports by UN agencies, Amnesty International, Oxfam and anthropologists show that "attacks on accused sorcerers and witches—sometimes men, but most commonly women—are frequent, ferocious and often fatal." It's estimated about 150 cases of violence and killings are occurring each year in just the province of Simbu in Papua New Guinea alone. Reports indicate this practice of witch hunting has in some places evolved into "something more malignant, sadistic and voyeuristic." One woman who was attacked by young men from a nearby village "had her genitals burned and fused beyond functional repair by the repeated intrusions of red-hot irons." Few incidents are ever reported, according to the 2012 Law Reform Commission, which concluded that they have increased since the 1980s.

Other regions

Amazonia
Neil L. Whitehead and Robin Wright presented a collection of essays on witch-hunts among native tribes in the amazon high- and lowlands. While prevalent in many tribes, especially child-witch-hunts among Ashaninka have attracted interest and raised questions about methodological strategies in reporting abusive practices in an already biased environment.

Brazil
In 2017, an effigy of philosopher Judith Butler was burned as a witch while she helped organize a conference at SESC, a research organization in São Paulo. Butler was accused of witchcraft at a protest, and was accused of trying to destroy people's gender identities and trying to undermine the values of the country.

Saudi Arabia
Witchcraft or sorcery remains a criminal offense in Saudi Arabia, although the precise nature of the crime is undefined.

The frequency of prosecutions for this in the country as whole is unknown. However, in November 2009, it was reported that 118 persons had been arrested in the province of Makkah that year for practising magic and "using the Book of Allah in a derogatory manner", 74% of them being female. According to Human Rights Watch in 2009, prosecutions for witchcraft and sorcery are proliferating and "Saudi courts are sanctioning a literal witch hunt by the religious police."

In 2006, an illiterate Saudi woman, Fawza Falih, was convicted of practising witchcraft, including casting an impotence spell, and sentenced to death by beheading, after allegedly being beaten and forced to fingerprint a false confession that had not been read to her. After an appeal court had cast doubt on the validity of the death sentence because the confession had been retracted, the lower court reaffirmed the same sentence on a different basis.

In 2007, Mustafa Ibrahim, an Egyptian national, was executed, having been convicted of using sorcery in an attempt to separate a married couple, as well as of adultery and of desecrating the Quran.

Also in 2007, Abdul Hamid Bin Hussain Bin Moustafa al-Fakki, a Sudanese national, was sentenced to death after being convicted of producing a spell that would lead to the reconciliation of a divorced couple.

In 2009, Ali Sibat, a Lebanese television presenter who had been arrested whilst on a pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, was sentenced to death for witchcraft arising out of his fortune-telling on an Arab satellite channel. His appeal was accepted by one court, but a second in Medina upheld his death sentence again in March 2010, stating that he deserved it as he had publicly practised sorcery in front of millions of viewers for several years. In November 2010, the Supreme Court refused to ratify the death sentence, stating that there was insufficient evidence that his actions had harmed others.

On 12 December 2011, Amina bint Abdulhalim Nassar was beheaded in Al Jawf Province after being convicted of practicing witchcraft and sorcery. Another very similar situation occurred to Muree bin Ali bin Issa al-Asiri and he was beheaded on 19 June 2012 in the Najran Province.

Children

Witch-hunts against children appear in the early ethnographic literature and in many modern circumstances. In Cameroon, DRC, Ghana, but also in Brazil sporadic child-witch-hunts have a tradition of at least 100 years. In the past 20 years and especially in the past 10 years an unprecedented increases in child-witch-hunting has been noted in Southern Nigeria, DRC, Angola, Ghana and other sub-Saharan regions. Several sources estimate 40,000 children in Kinshasa alone as witch-hunt-related orphans.

Public awareness
Public awareness of witch-hunting outside Africa is low compared to other conflicts. In early social/cultural anthropology, ethnology and other cultural sciences, witchcraft beliefs and witch-hunts ranked as paradigmatic problems especially from the late 19th century into the first half of the 20th century, the time of the creative career of James George Frazer. With the loss of interest in overarching theories and development-problems bound to the late colonial era, witch-hunts and witchcraft-beliefs were treated as an issue of specialists. Ethnographies divide sharply in critical reports of violence and in rationalizations of witchcraft-beliefs as useful functions according to paradigms of structural functionalism with its main proponents Bronislaw Malinowski and his student E.E. Evans-Pritchard. In this tradition, the focus of research was shifted on supposed social functions of witchcraft-beliefs and less frequent, violent witch-hunts. Both were considered as ensuring the survival and identity of an ingroup.
One of the last competing generalizing theorists was Lucien Lévy-Bruhl. He collected material of societies that were first contacted by the source writing about its behaviour. He then provides evidence of counterproductive witch-hunting that serves no real social function, but arises from an entirely different worldview, the "prelogic" mindset opposed to logic.

See also

References

African witchcraft
Crime in Papua New Guinea


title: Richards Free Library

text:
The Seth Mason Richards House, housing the Richards Free Library and the Library Arts Center, is a historic house, public library, and art gallery at 58 North Main Street in Newport, New Hampshire.  This three-story Colonial Revival house was designed by Boston, Massachusetts architect James T. Kelley and built in 1898-99 for Captain Seth Mason Richards, a scion of one of Newport's wealthiest families.  The property, including the house and carriage house, were donated by his heirs for use as the town's public library in 1962.  The library is housed in the main building, while the carriage house has been converted for use as a gallery space.  The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as "Richards Free Library") in 1984.

History
The Richards family had a long history of prominence in local affairs.  Dexter Richards, the father of Seth Mason Richards, owned the Dexter Mill, and had funded both the construction of a school and the establishment of the Richards Free Library in 1888.  Seth Mason Richards was politically active, serving in the state legislature and in its Governor's Council.  His house is one of the finest examples of Colonial Revival architecture in the state, and was donated to the town as a home for the library by his daughter in 1963.  The town took great care to maintain the architectural details of the building while adapting for its new use.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

External links
Library web site
Library Arts Center web site

Libraries on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Colonial Revival architecture in New Hampshire
Library buildings completed in 1898
Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Newport, New Hampshire


title: Norbert Verougstraete

text:
Norbert Verougstraete (born 16 December 1934 – 17 February 2016) was a Belgian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1934 births
2016 deaths
Belgian male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Cyclists from Kortrijk


title: Sheila McLaughlin

text:
Sheila McLaughlin (born 1950) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and photographer. She wrote and directed the controversial film, She Must Be Seeing Things (1987). Her debut feature film, Committed (1984), which she co-directed with writer Lynne Tillman, is an experimental narrative of the life of Frances Farmer, shot on a low budget of $45,000. McLaughlin's films have been described as presenting "a grasp of a developing new feminist language of cinema."

McLaughlin left filmmaking to practice acupuncture.

Filmography

See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of lesbian filmmakers
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

External links

  Committed at First Run Features

1950 births
Living people
American women experimental filmmakers
American feminists
American film actresses
American LGBT photographers
American women film directors
American women film producers
Lesbian feminists
American LGBT film directors
LGBT producers
Women experimental filmmakers
Film directors from New York City
Film producers from New York (state)
Screenwriters from New York (state)
American LGBT writers
Acupuncturists
American women screenwriters
21st-century American women
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women photographers