title: Madison (CDP), Maine

text:
Madison is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Madison in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,533 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Madison is located at  (44.793389, −69.878198).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17.3 km2), of which 6.4 square miles (16.7 km2)  is land and 0.2 square mile (0.6 km2)  (3.44%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,733 people, 1,145 households, and 725 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 1,229 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.91% White, 0.07% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.26% of the population.

There were 1,145 households, out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.81.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 22.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,250, and the median income for a family was $36,389. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $20,183 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,526. About 9.1% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine


title: Aboriginal Lands Act 1995

text:
The Aboriginal Lands Act 1995 is a statute passed by the Parliament of Tasmania that came into effect on 14 November 1995. It provided for the establishment of an elected Aboriginal Land Council of Tasmania. The Council consists of eight members elected by Tasmanian indigenous people. The Act enables that land of significance to Tasmanian indigenous people is to be returned to the community and held on trust by the council.

References

Tasmania legislation
Indigenous Australians in Tasmania
1995 in Australian law
1990s in Tasmania


title: Madison, Maine

text:
Madison (formerly Norridgewock) is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,726 at the 2020 census.

History

The area was once territory of the Norridgewock Indians, a band of the Abenaki nation. Early visitors describe extensive fields cleared for cultivation. The tribe also fished the Kennebec River. French Jesuits established an early mission at the village, which was located at Old Point. But Father Sebastien Rale (or Rasle), appointed missionary in 1694, was suspected of abetting the tribe's raids on English settlements. Governor Joseph Dudley put a price on his head. British troops attacked the village in 1705 and again in 1722, but both times Father Rale escaped into the woods. But on August 23, 1724, during Father Rale's War, soldiers attacked the village unexpectedly, killing 26 warriors and wounding 14, with 150 survivors fleeing to Canada. Among the dead was Father Rale.

Settled by English colonists about 1773, the land would be surveyed in 1791. In 1775, Benedict Arnold and his troops would march through Norridgewock Plantation, as it was known, on their way to the ill-fated Battle of Quebec.   The town had originally been settled under the name "Norridgewock Falls." This was later changed to "Bernardstown," after the major land owning family, the Bernards. It was then officially incorporated on March 7, 1804, the town was named after United States president James Madison. Farming was an early industry, with hay and cattle the principal products. The native rock is slate, and a quarry was established to extract it. Because of the region's abundant forests, lumbering developed as an industry, with four sawmills operated by water power on the Kennebec. Here the Norridgewock Falls drop  over a mile, which attracted other manufacturers as well. In the 19th century, the small mill town had factories which produced carriages, window sash, window blinds, doors and coffins.

When the railroad was extended through Madison in 1875, larger mills were built. The first Madison Woolen Mill was constructed in 1881 near the bridge between Madison and Anson, with the firm's second mill built nearby in 1887. In 1890, the Manufacturing Investment Company built a sulfite mill, but it failed. It was taken over in 1899 by the Great Northern Paper Company, which rebuilt the plant to produce wood pulp and paper. Like many New England textile manufacturers, the town's woolen mills eventually went out of business, but the pulp and paper mill remained in operation as Madison Paper Industries until closing in May 2016 due to low demand for supercalender paper and Canadian competition.

In 1901, Lakewood Summer Theatre opened in East Madison on the western side of Lake Wesserunsett. Since 1967 it has been the official summer theatre of Maine, and the oldest continually operating summer theatre in America. Actors who have performed at Lakewood include John Travolta, Carol Channing, and Phyllis Diller

Completed in 2007 is the largest structure by volume in Maine, the Backyard Farms greenhouse that covers .

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Madison is drained by the Kennebec River.

Climate

Demographics

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 4,855 people, 1,976 households, and 1,271 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 2,478 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 1,976 households, of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.7% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the town was 44 years. 20.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.2% were from 25 to 44; 30.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,523 people, 1,890 households, and 1,270 families living in the town.  The population density was .  There were 2,308 housing units at an average density of .  The racial makeup of the town was 98.12% White, 0.07% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.07% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.22% of the population.

There were 1,890 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.79.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.7 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,528, and the median income for a family was $36,750. Males had a median income of $30,179 versus $20,827 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,698.  About 9.3% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Madison is part of Maine School Administrative District 59. Schools in the district include Madison Elementary School, Madison Jr. High School and Madison High School.

The Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture is an artists residency located in Madison, just outside of Skowhegan.

Notable people

 Carrie Stevens, inventor of the Grey Ghost fly lure
 Bobby Wilder, football head coach, Old Dominion
Robert A. Rushworth, USAF Maj Gen and X-15 test pilot

References

External links
 Town of Madison, Maine
 Madison Public Library
 Madison Historical & Genealogical Society
 Madison's Carnegie Library

Towns in Somerset County, Maine
Towns in Maine


title: Norridgewock (CDP), Maine

text:
Norridgewock is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Norridgewock in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,351 at the 2020 census.

Geography
Norridgewock is located at  (44.715907, −69.791083).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29.0 km), of which 10.7 square miles (27.8 km)  is land and 0.5 square mile (1.2 km)  (4.20%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,557 people, 602 households, and 455 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 647 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.82% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.32% of the population.

There were 602 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 17.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,458, and the median income for a family was $36,161. Males had a median income of $30,976 versus $19,957 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,577. About 18.9% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.8% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

References

Census-designated places in Maine
Census-designated places in Somerset County, Maine
Norridgewock, Maine


title: Norridgewock, Maine

text:
Norridgewock is a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,278 at the 2020 census.

History

Native Americans

Situated on the New England and Acadia border, which New France defined as the Kennebec River, the area was once territory of the Norridgewock Indians, a band of the Abenaki nation. Their village was located at Old Point, now part of Madison.

English colonists suspected Father Sebastien Rale (or Rasle), the French missionary at the village since 1694, of abetting tribal hostilities against British settlements during the French and Indian Wars. During Father Rale's War, soldiers left Fort Richmond (now Richmond) in whaleboats until they reached Taconic Falls (now Winslow), then marched quietly to Norridgewock Village, arriving on August 23, 1724. Battle of Norridgewock was "sharp, short and decisive," leaving 26 warriors slain, 14 wounded and 150 survivors fleeing to Quebec, Canada. Father Rale was among the dead.

Subsequent history

The British settled the area in 1773, then called Norridgewock Plantation. In 1775, Benedict Arnold and his troops marched through on their way to the Battle of Quebec.

The town was incorporated on June 18, 1788. It became county seat of Somerset County in 1809, with a courthouse built in 1820 and remodeled in 1847, although the county seat would be moved to Skowhegan in 1871. Wooden logs were floated down the Kennebec River. A sawmill was built to manufacture the region's abundant hardwoods, used in local factories to make carriages and furniture. Norridgewock also had a gristmill and granite works. Built in 1849 and replaced in 1929, the  Norridgewock Covered Bridge across the Kennebec River was the second longest covered bridge in Maine after the  Bangor Covered Bridge, which was built in 1846 across the Penobscot River to Brewer. The Eaton School was organized by Hamlin F. Eaton in 1856 and incorporated in 1874 " ... for the promotion of literature, science and morality." Its Second Empire building, designed by architect Charles F. Douglas of Lewiston, later became Somerset Grange #18. In 1988, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water. Norridgewock is drained by the Sandy River, Mill Stream and Kennebec River.

The village is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 2 and 201A with Maine State routes 8 and 139. Norridgewock borders the towns of Madison to the north, Skowhegan to the east, Fairfield and Smithfield to the south, and Mercer and Starks to the west.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 3,367 people, 1,378 households, and 984 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 1,520 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population.

There were 1,378 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.6% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the town was 42.7 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 15.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,294 people, 1,285 households, and 953 families living in the town.  The population density was . There were 1,389 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.36% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.

There were 1,285 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,679, and the median income for a family was $41,536. Males had a median income of $31,800 versus $20,508 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,325.  About 15.1% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.

Site of interest

 Norridgewock Historical Society & Museum

Notable people

 Nathan Abbott, legal scholar, professor
 Daniel W. Ames, state legislator
 Rebecca Sophia Clarke (Sophie May), children's author
 Nathan Haskell Dole, editor, translator, author
 Stephen D. Lindsey, US congressman
 Sebastien Rale (or Rasle), Jesuit missionary
 Minot Judson Savage, minister
 Charles G. Sawtelle, U.S. Army brigadier general
 Cullen Sawtelle, US congressman
 Franklin J. Sawtelle, architect
 Ellen G. White, American Christian writer and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
 Niram Withee, Wisconsin businessman and politician

References

External links

 Town of Norridgewock, Maine
 Norridgewock Free Public Library

Towns in Somerset County, Maine


title: Tom Bonner

text:
Thomas Ernest Bonner (born 6 February 1988) is a Scottish footballer who plays for Havant & Waterlooville.

Career
Bonner began his career in the Queens Park Rangers Academy before he signed a professional contract with Northampton Town in 2005. He went on loan to Bedford Town and Nuneaton Borough before he signed with Rushden & Diamonds in January 2007. At Rushden he went out on loan to Bedford Town and Heybridge Swifts. During his spell with Bedford Town he notably scored the winning goal in a play off final against Chippenham Town to secure Bedford's promotion to the Conference South. He was released by Rushden in May 2007 and went on to play non-league football with Hinckley United and Ilkeston Town. In 2010 Bonner joined Conference Premier side Dartford and after spending three seasons at Princes Park he signed with Cambridge United in May 2013. He made his Football League debut on 9 August 2014 in a 1–0 win at home against Plymouth Argyle.

In September 2014, Bonner joined Conference Premier side Dover Athletic on loan, helping the club to record nine clean sheets in his first twenty-four appearances, including in two FA Cup  shock wins over Football League sides Morecambe and Cheltenham Town as the club reached the FA Cup third round against Premier League side Crystal Palace, where they lost to a strong Palace squad.

Bonner signed for Ebbsfleet United on an 18-month contract on 15 January 2015.

On 1 June 2016, Bonner rejoined former side Dartford for the 2016–17 National League South season.

On 2 June 2018, Bonner was sent off representing Hackney pub The Gun in the BT Sport Pub Cup final at Leicester City's King Power Stadium.

On 22 June 2023, Bonner announced his retirement from football.

Bonner came out of retirement just four months later by joining Havant & Waterlooville.

Honours
Cambridge United

FA Trophy: 2013–14
Dartford

 Conference South Play-off winners: 2011–12
 Kent Senior Cup: 2019–20, 2021–22

Individual

 National League South Team of the Year: 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from the London Borough of Camden
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's youth international footballers
English Football League players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Bedford Town F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Heybridge Swifts F.C. players
Corby Town F.C. players
Hinckley United F.C. players
Ilkeston Town F.C. (1945) players
Dartford F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Men's association football defenders


title: Former Ploiești derby

text:
The Former Ploiești derby () was the name given in football to any match between Romanian clubs Petrolul Ploiești and Astra Giurgiu. The two sides won a combined eleven domestic titles, and as of 2022 Petrolul competes in the Liga I, while Astra last played in the Liga III and is dissolved.

Background and history
Neither team played continuously in the city of Ploiești since inception; Astra was founded in 1921 in Ploiești as Clubul Sportiv Astra-Română, while Petrolul appeared three years later in the Romanian capital of Bucharest as Juventus, following a merger. The latter won its first league championship in the 1929–30 season, and in 1952 moved to Ploiești and changed its name to Flacăra Ploiești accordingly. It achieved three more national titles in 1957–58, 1958–59 and 1965–66.

The rivalry only started in 1998, when Astra promoted for the first time to the Liga I under the ownership of businessman Ioan Niculae. Their first meeting was a league fixture on 8 August 1998, which Petrolul won 2–1 at home. In July 2003, Astra Ploiești changed its name to FC Petrolul Ploiești, with Florin Bercea and Ioan Niculae becoming owners of the newly-formed entity and also with the home ground moving to Astra Stadium. According to the Romanian Football Federation, the new entity took over Petrolul's brand and record; Astra was refounded by Niculae in 2005 as CSM Ploiești after he renounced his stake in Petrolul.

In September 2012, Astra relocated to Giurgiu after 91 years in Prahova County, but even after the move the rivalry continued between the governances of the two clubs, with Ioan Niculae claiming at one point that Petrolul does not have any honours after the events of 2003–2005. While Astra did not attract large crowds in neither Ploiești nor Giurgiu, Petrolul fans continued to consider their derby with Rapid București the most important one.

Astra became a prominent figure in Romanian football in the 2010s, as it won its first four major honours (one national title, one national cup and two supercups) and qualified twice for the UEFA Europa League group stages in Giurgiu. During the same time period, Petrolul only won one Cupa României in the 2012–13 season and went bankrupt in 2016. Astra additionally lost three cup finals in 2017, 2019 and 2021 on the Ilie Oană Stadium in Ploiești, the home ground of its former local opponent.

The two rivals met again in the same league during the 2021–22 Liga II season, but their ultimate fates were antithetical—Petrolul returned to the Liga I after ascending through the Romanian league system, while Astra relegated to the third division. On 19 October 2022, Astra withdrew from the championship and was subsequently dissolved.

Statistics

Head to head results

Honours

All matches

Games involving second teams

Players with both sides
One of the most notable footballers to play for both sides is 2017 Romanian Footballer of the Year winner Constantin Budescu—he has appeared in more than 380 matches in all competitions for Petrolul and Astra combined, as of February 2021.

 Geraldo Alves
 Mirel Bolboașă
 Damien Boudjemaa
 Constantin Budescu
 Nicolae Constantin
 Daniel Costescu
 Marian Cristescu
 Dragoș Gheorghe
 Romario Moise
 Mirko Ivanovski
 Adrian Pătulea
 Paul Papp
 Romário Pires
 Bogdan Rusu
 Takayuki Seto
 Pompiliu Stoica
 Gabriel Tamaș
 Filipe Teixeira
 Dinu Todoran
 Claudiu Tudor
 Alexandru Țigănașu
 Cristian Vlad

See also
Sports rivalry

References

External links
 Petrolul Ploiești official website
 Astra Giurgiu official website

Football rivalries in Romania
Football in Romania
FC Petrolul Ploiești
FC Astra Giurgiu
1998 establishments in Romania


title: Mike Jakubo (curler)

text:
Michael Jakubo (pronounced "JACK-u-bo"; born November 17, 1982, in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian professional curler from Garson, Ontario. He is the skip of Team Jakubo, and competed in the 2014–15 World Curling Tour. He represented Northern Ontario at the 2005 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2009 Tim Hortons Brier.

Jakubo is employed as a chartered accountant with Edward A. Jakubo, CA. He was elected to Greater Sudbury City Council in the 2014 municipal election, representing Ward 7, and has served as chair of the council's finance committee. He announced in December 2021 that he will not run for reelection in the 2022 municipal election.

References

1982 births
Living people
Curlers from Northern Ontario
Sportspeople from Greater Sudbury
Greater Sudbury city councillors
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Canadian male curlers


title: List of supermarket chains in Uganda

text:
This is the list of supermarket chains in Uganda, as of August 2023.

Foreign owned supermarket chains

 Carrefour
 Woolworths

Locally owned supermarket chains

Capital Shoppers
 Quality Supermarkets
 Kenjoy Supermarkets
 Checkers Supermarkets
 Mega Standard Supermarkets
 Super Supermarket
 Cynabel Supermarkets

References

Notes
 Shoprite of South Africa Quit Uganda In August 2021.

External links
Game Store announces exit of Ugandan market As of 5 October 2022.

Uganda

Retailing in Uganda
Supermarket chains
Uganda


title: Summer Nationals

text:
Summer Nationals is the fourth EP by the American punk rock band The Offspring, released digitally in 2014 to coincide with the Summer Nationals tour with Bad Religion, Pennywise, The Vandals, Stiff Little Fingers and Naked Raygun. The EP contains covers of Bad Religion and Pennywise songs, and was released on Time Bomb, making this The Offspring's first venture away from Columbia since 1994's Smash. It is also the first Offspring release that session drummer Josh Freese did not play on since 2000's Conspiracy of One. It's the last Offspring release that features founding member and bassist Greg K., who was fired in 2018 amid business disputes.

Track listing

Personnel
 Dexter Holland – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar
 Noodles - lead guitar, backing vocals
 Greg K. – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Pete Parada – drums

References

The Offspring EPs
2014 EPs
Albums produced by Bob Rock
Covers EPs


title: ARB (Azerbaijani Television Company)

text:
ARB (an abbreviation from Azerbaijani Republic Broadcaster, formerly Region TV) is a private television station in Azerbaijan. It is tenth nationwide public channel. The channel is created after merger by Azerbaijan's regional channels, which includes Kapaz TV (), RTV, Janub TV (), El TV, Kanal-S and Turkel TV.

References

External links
 Official website

Television networks in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani-language television stations
Television stations in Azerbaijan
Television channels and stations established in 2014
Azerbaijani companies established in 2014


title: Saskatoon Teachers' College

text:
The Saskatoon Teachers' College, originally called the Saskatoon Normal School, was a facility in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada for training teachers.
The school occupied temporary premises at first, then moved to a handsome brick and stone building on Avenue A North in 1922.
It was administered by the provincial department of education.
In 1964 it was merged into the College of Education of the University of Saskatchewan, and became the Avenue A Campus.

Early years

The Saskatoon Normal School opened on 20 August 1912 in rented rooms in the Saskatoon Collegiate Institute (later called the Nutana Collegiate).
It was a nondenominational institute for training primary and secondary school teachers.
There were twelve second class student teachers and fifty third class students. The students also attended lectures at the University of Saskatchewan.
The school moved in 1914 to four rooms rented in the Buena Vista School. In 1916 it moved again to rooms on the first floor of the university's Student's Residence No. 2.
In 1919 the school moved again to St. Mary's separate school, and classrooms were also provided by the St. Thomas Presbyterian Church (now St. Thomas Wesley United Church).

Avenue A

In 1920 it was decided to build a permanent home for the school on the west side of Saskatoon on Avenue A North. It was a gothic-style brick and Bedford stone building designed by architect Maurice W. Sharon and undertaken by architect David Webster.
While construction was under way the school held classes in St. Paul's school on 22nd Street and 4th Avenue.
The new school building was opened in March 1922, and the Provincial Normal School was officially opened on 12 February 1923, under the provincial Department of Education.
In 1923 there were 335 students in the normal school.

George Moir Weir was an early principal at the Normal School.
He was also Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan, which funded the War Memorial Scholarship Fund.
This sent the best-qualified teachers to the most difficult districts.
According to Weir, "the real values of the Scholarship Project depend very largely, not so much on what these teachers actually teach, as on what they are, – on their character, influence and personality."
The Church of England missionary societies recruited male and female Anglicans as teachers in Britain to work in Western Canada. Those without training attended a short training course at the Normal School before being sent into the field.

Saskatchewan was a mainly rural province.
Weir advocated placing practice teachers in conditions "that obtain in rural communities" instead of in urban schools.
In 1930 the occupations of the fathers of students were farmer: 49%, skilled mechanic: 11%, storekeeper: 10%, executive: 9.4%, unskilled laborer: 6.5%, professional: 5% and deceased: 6%.
In the years that followed World War I (1914–18) the prairie provinces experienced a great influx of immigrants to Canada, mostly from northern or eastern Europe.
In 1937 the principal of the Normal School reported that 45% of the students had non-English origins.

In the summer of 1941 the Normal School gave up its building to the Defense Department for use in training air force recruits.
The Normal School moved temporarily to the Wilson School, whose students were relocated to other schools.
It returned to the Avenue A premises after the end of World War II (1939–45).
The Saskatoon Normal School had an enrollment of 617 student teachers in 1945–46, of which three quarters were women.
In 1953 the Normal School was renamed the Saskatoon Teacher's College.
Teachers were now to be educated in teaching rather than trained in teaching.
In 1959 the entrance requirements for normal schools and colleges of education in Saskatchewan were standardized.
The college had 584 students in 1961–62.

Successor

The University of Saskatchewan had established a separate College of Education in 1928, open to students with undergraduate degrees.
It prepared students to teach in high schools and collegiates, and also undertook research in education.
The college did not offer training in elementary education until 1952.

In 1964 the Department of Education and the University of Saskatchewan agreed to integrate the Saskatoon and Regina teacher's colleges with the university's College of Education.
Classes continued in the building at 1030 Avenue A North, now called the University of Saskatchewan Avenue A campus.
A new building was constructed on the university campus, opened in the spring on 1970. In 1986 the original Saskatoon Teachers College building was renamed the E.A. Davies building in honor of Fred Davies, a pioneer of technical education in Saskatchewan.

Noted teachers and students

Henry Bonli (1927–2011), artist
Ernest Julian "Ernie" Cole (1916–2000), politician
Reta Cowley (1910–2004), artist
Arnold Feusi (1912–1998), politician
Allan Ray Guy (born 1926), politician
Herschel Lee Howell (1912–1990), politician
Ben Klassen (1918–1993), white supremacist
Roy Knight (1891–1971), politician
Olga Kotelko (1919–2014), nonagenarian athlete
Miro Kwasnica (born 1935), politician
Al Matsalla (born 1926), politician
J. D. McAskill (1908–1994), politician
Ray Meiklejohn (born 1935), politician
John Sproule Mills (1887–1972), politician
Wynona Mulcaster (born 1915), artist
Wesley Albert Robbins (1916–2008), politician
Otto Rogers (born 1935), artist
Herman Rolfes (born 1936), politician
John Henry Sturdy (1893–1966), politician
Clarence George Willis (1907–1984), politician

References
Notes

Citations

Sources

Further reading

Universities and colleges established in 1912
1912 establishments in Saskatchewan
Teachers colleges in Canada
Education in Saskatoon


title: Edward John Drake

text:
Edward John Drake (born 26 December 1990) is an Australian screenwriter and film director based in Los Angeles, California.

Film
Drake worked repeatedly with Bruce Willis: He wrote and directed the films Cosmic Sin, starring Bruce Willis, Frank Grillo, and Adelaide Kane, and Apex (2021), starring Neal McDonough and Bruce Willis. He wrote and executive produced Breach, starring Willis and Thomas Jane.

Of his non-Willis-work, he wrote and directed Broil, starring Johnathan Lipnicki, Lochlyn Munro, and Timothy V. Murphy. The film was selected for Fantaspoa 2020 and several other film festivals.

Awards

Drake is the 2020 winner of the Austin Film Festival Screenwriting Award (Dramatic) for The Young Woman.

Videography

Music videos

2016
 Jack Ü – "Beats Knockin ft. Fly Boi Keno"
Autoerotique – "Count On You"

2015
 Yolanda Be Cool ft. Sixto Rodriguez- "Sugar Man"
 We Are The Ocean – "Good For You"
 The Fratellis – "Impostors (Little By Little)"
 Matrix & Futurebound – "Happy Alone ft. V. Bozeman"

2014
 Investo & Tara McDonald – "A Place To Go"
 Klangkarussell – "All Eyes On You"
 Kito and Reija Lee – "Starting Line"

2013
 Stanton Warriors – "Cut Me Up"
 Kat Krazy – "Siren"
 Basto – "Dance With Me"

2012
Van She  – "Jamaica (Live)"

Filmography
2010: Where Were You (Director, Writer, Producer; Short)
2012: Rain Hail Shine (Director; Short)
2012: Animals (Director, Writer, Producer)
2020: Broil (Director, Writer)
2020: Breach (Writer, Executive Producer)
2021: Cosmic Sin (Director, Writer, Executive Producer)
2021: Apex (Director, Writer)
2022: American Siege (Director, Writer)
2022: Gasoline Alley (Director, Writer)
2022: Detective Knight: Rogue (Director, Writer)
2022: Paradise City (Writer)
2022: Detective Knight: Redemption (Director, Writer)
2023: Detective Knight: Independence (Director, Writer)

References

External links

Living people
Australian music video directors
Australian film directors
1990 births


title: Shoal Lake (Ontario)

text:
Shoal Lake is the name of several lakes in Ontario:

Shoal Lake (Kenora District, Ontario)
Shoal Lake (Rainy River District, Ontario)
Shoal Lake (Nipissing District, Ontario)
Shoal Lake (Parry Sound District, Ontario)
Shoal Lake (Thunder Bay District, Ontario)
Shoal Lake (Algoma District, Ontario)

See also
Shoal Lake (disambiguation)


title: Lindholmiola barbata

text:
Lindholmiola barbata is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicodontidae.

Geographic distribution
This species is endemic to Greece, where it occurs on the islands of Crete and Gavdos.

See also
List of non-marine molluscs of Greece

References

Further reading

Lindholmiola
Molluscs of Europe
Endemic fauna of Greece
Gastropods described in 1821


title: 1999 Armenian Cup

text:
The 1999 Armenian Cup was the eighth edition of the Armenian Cup, a football competition. In 1999, the tournament had 16 participants, out of which only 1 was a reserve team.

Results

First round
The first legs were played on 3 April 1999. The second legs were played on 11 April 1999.

|}

Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 20 April 1999. The second legs were played on 30 April 1999.

|}

Semi-finals
The first legs were played on 11 May 1999. The second legs were played on 20 May 1999.

|}

Final

See also
 1999 Armenian Premier League

External links
 1999 Armenian Cup at rsssf.com

Armenian Cup seasons
Armenia
Armenian Cup, 1999


title: Philipp Schobesberger

text:
Phillip Schobesberger (born 10 December 1993) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a right winger.

Club career

Early career
Schobesberger won the 2012–13 Austrian Cup with Pasching.

Rapid Wien
Schobesberger transferred to Rapid Wien in the summer transfer window in 2014. His contract was originally scheduled to go to 2018. However, on 28 August 2015, he signed a one-year extension. He left the club at the end of his contract in summer 2022 after being plagued by injuries in the preceding years.

International career
Schobesberger got his first call up to the senior Austria squad for a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifier against Russia in June 2015.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Pasching
 Austrian Cup: 2012–13

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
FC Juniors OÖ players
SK Rapid Wien players
SKU Amstetten players


title: Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in North America

text:
Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Canada
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the Caribbean
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Central America
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Greenland
 List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Mexico
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in the United States

See also
 Lists of fossiliferous stratigraphic units

North America geology-related lists
Geologic formations of North America


title: Vyapam scam

text:
The Vyapam scam was an entrance examination, admission and recruitment scam. It was functional since the 1990s and was finally unearthed in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh in 2013.

The scam involved politicians, senior and junior officials and businessmen systematically employing imposters to write papers, manipulate exam hall seating arrangements and supply forged answer sheets by bribing officials.

Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board (MPPEB), popularly known by its Hindi acronym "Vyapam" (Vyavsayik Pariksha Mandal), is a self-financed and autonomous body incorporated by the state government responsible for conducting several entrance tests in the state. These entrance exams are held for recruitment in government jobs and admissions in educational institutes of the state.

The scam involved 13 different exams conducted by Vyapam, for selection of medical students and state government employees (including food inspectors, transport constables, police personnel, school teachers, dairy supply officers and forest guards) where the final results were rigged. The exams were taken by around 3.2 million students each year, many of whom were actually paid proxies for other undeserving students. It also included an "engine-bogie" system wherein seating arrangements were manipulated so that a paid smarter student was seated between two others to allow the latter to copy answers from the former.

The scam involved a collusion of undeserving candidates, who bribed politicians and MPPEB officials through middlemen, to get high ranks in these entrance tests. The scam also led to between 23 and 40 'unnatural' deaths of involved individuals, though unofficial figures run well into more than a 100 custodial deaths including the erstwhile MP Governor's son and deaths in staged road accidents.
Cases of irregularities in these entrance tests had been reported since the mid-1990s, and the first FIR was filed in 2000. However, until 2009, such cases were not thought to be part of an organized ring. When major complaints surfaced in the pre-medical test (PMT) in 2009, the state government established a committee to investigate the matter. The committee released its report in 2011, and over a hundred people were arrested by the police. However none of the accused have been convicted as most of them either suspiciously died in custody or were released on bail.

The sheer scale of the scam came to light in 2013, when the Indore police arrested 20 people who had come to impersonate candidates for PMT 2009. The interrogation of these people led to the arrest of Jagdish Sagar, the leader of an organized racket involved in the scam. The state government established a Special Task Force (STF) on 26 August 2013. Subsequent interrogations and arrests uncovered the involvement of several politicians, bureaucrats, MPPEB officials, racket leaders, middlemen, candidates and their parents in the scam. By June 2015, more than 2000 people had been arrested in connection with the scam. These included the state's ex-education minister Laxmikant Sharma and over a hundred other politicians. In July 2015, the Supreme Court of India issued an order to transfer the case to the country's premier investigating agency, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). In the same year, the Wikipedia page of Vyapam scam became the 19th most viewed page on Wikipedia globally.

Many senior personnel including Justice Bhushan who heads the Special Investigative team and Indian doctors including Anand Rai (the whistle blower in this case) are of the opinion that the Vyapam scam was functional since the 1990s when they themselves took their medical exams. They also believe that similar "systems" of proxies giving medical exams are operational in other states of India as well.

The scam

Vyapam was entrusted with the responsibility of conducting large-scale competitive tests for admission to various professional courses and for recruitment to government jobs.

The Vyapam scam involved collusion among exam candidates, government officials and middlemen: undeserving candidates were offered high marks in the exams, in exchange for kickbacks. The following tricks were used by those involved in the scam:

 Impersonation
 Brilliant students (including previous years' top candidates) or practicing doctors would be paid to impersonate exam candidates. The photograph on the candidate's admit card was replaced by the impersonator's photograph. After the exam, it was changed back to the original. This was done in collusion with the corrupt board officials.

 Copying
 Undeserving candidates bribed the board officials through middlemen to be seated strategically next to a brilliant dummy candidate, who was also paid money. The dummy candidate let them copy from his sheet or exchanged the sheet at the end of the exam.

 Manipulation of records and answer sheets
 The undeserving candidates would leave their OMR answer sheets blank or fill in only the answers they were sure about. The corrupt board officials would manipulate records to give these candidates randomly high percentages. To avoid being caught in case of an audit, they would file an RTI request demanding to view these answer sheets, and fill in the answers according to the marks.

 Leaking the answer key
 The corrupt board officials leaked the answer key to the selected candidates.

Unearthing of the scam

Cases of malpractice in Vyapam scam had been reported since 1995, and the first FIR was found in 2000 in Chhatarpur district. In 2004, seven cases were registered in Khandwa district. However, such reports of malpractice were seen as isolated cases.

2009-11: Initial probe by committee

A report by the Madhya Pradesh Local Fund Audit office for 2007-08 found several financial and administrative irregularities in MPPEB, including unauthorized disposal of application forms. It was suspected that the application forms were being destroyed so that they could not be compared to exam admit cards and other records. In 2009, fresh complaints of irregularities in the pre-medical test (PMT) surfaced. Indore-based activist Anand Rai filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) requesting investigation into the scam. In 2009, Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan set up a committee headed by the State Joint Director of Medical Education to probe the allegations.

In July 2011, MPPEB monitored 145 suspects during the Pre-Medical Test (PMT). Most of the suspects did not turn up, but 8 were caught for impersonating others. This included Kanpur-based Satyendra Varma, who had accepted  4 lakh to appear in place of Ashish Yadav, in Indore. 15 exam toppers from the previous year appeared for the exam. Suspecting that these people were called in to impersonate others or to help candidates cheat by sitting adjacent to them, MPPEB asked them to explain their reasons for re-taking the exams. MPPEB also started using biometric technology: thumb impressions and photographs of all the persons appearing for the exam were taken to be matched during the post-results counselling.

The committee set up by Chouhan in 2009 submitted its report to the government in November 2011. It mentioned that 114 candidates had passed PMT using impersonation. The candidates, mostly from rich families, had been impersonated by practicing doctors and talented medical students, some of whom had come from neighbouring states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The middlemen had charged each candidate 10-40 lakh. The findings raised concern that several fake doctors admitted through PMT in earlier years might have graduated as practitioners. The possibility of government officials being involved in the scam was also mentioned.

In December 2011, the MP Government announced that all the students who had gained admissions by fraudulent means would be asked to quit their courses. This included those who had already spent some years taking the course.

In 2012, Indore police arrested four people who had come to impersonate candidates in the PMT exam. The arrested had been promised sums ranging from  25,000 to  50,000 each.

2013 MP-PMT exam

The massive scale of the Vyapam scam came to light in 2013. On the night of 6–7 July, the Indore police arrested 20 people from various city hotels. These people, 17 of whom were from Uttar Pradesh, had come to impersonate local candidates in the PMT exam scheduled on 7 July 2013. The impersonators had been promised sums ranging from  50,000 to  100,000. Based on information collected during the interrogation of these 20 impersonators, Indore police found out that an organized racket headed by Jagdish Sagar was involved in the scam. After the arrests and the revelation, Dr. Anand Rai submitted a complaint to the local Superintendent of Police (economic offence wing), seeking a detailed investigation. He sought probe into the role of MPPEB's chairman, exam controller, assistant controller and deputy controller.

On 13 July 2013, Jagdish Sagar was arrested in Mumbai. A list containing names of 317 students was confiscated from him. MPPEB's exam controller Pankaj Trivedi, who was not a suspect in the scam at that time, tried to protect these students. He sent a letter to various government departments and the deans of medical colleges, insisting that these students should be allowed admission once they sign an affidavit. The affidavit would state that they didn't use any unfair means, and that their admissions would be canceled if they were found guilty in the police investigations. On 28 September 2013, Trivedi was also arrested, based on Jagdish Sagar's interrogation. On 5 October, the Special Task Force (STF) of the police chargesheeted 28 people, including Jagdish Sagar. In December 2013, the STF produced a 23,000-page supplementary chargesheet against 34 accused in the Indore district court. Out of these 34 accused chargesheeted, 30 were students and their guardians. Four others included Pankaj Trivedi, Dr. Sanjeev Shilpkar and Dr. Jagdish Sagar's accomplice Gangaram Pipliya.

Other exams probed

In November 2013, the STF found that the scamsters had rigged five recruitment tests: Pre-PG, Food Inspector Selection Test, Milk Federation test, Subedar-Sub Inspector and Platoon Commander Selection Test and Police Constable Recruitment Test - all held during 2012 for government jobs in the state. For Pre-PG Test of 2012, MPPEB's former examination controller Dr Pankaj Trivedi and its system analyst Nitin Mahindra provided model answer keys to candidates through photocopies. For the other four exams, the Vyapam officials manipulated the OMR answer sheets by taking them out of the strong room. Different FIRs against 153 people, including Sudhir Sharma, were filed. Sharma had earlier been interrogated by CBI in mining scam of Madhya Pradesh. In March 2014, the government announced that the STF was investigating rigging of nine examinations, and 127 people had been arrested.

The previous years' PMT exams were also investigated. The STF found that 286 candidates had cleared PMT-2012 through fraudulent means. On 29 April 2014, 27 students of MGM Medical College in Indore were expelled for having used fraudulent means to clear PMT-2012.

In June 2014, the High Court asked the police why several of the accused in the case had not been arrested yet. Following this, the STF made several arrests. On 15 June, the STF arrested the state's former technical education minister and BJP leader Laxmikant Sharma for his alleged involvement in the contractual teachers recruitment scam. On 18 and 19 June 2014, the police arrested over 100 medical students from different parts of the state, for their involvement in the PMT scam.

In September 2014, the STF revealed that Jagdish Sagar's racket had also rigged the entrance exams for recruitment in SBI and other nationalized banks. These entrance exams included the Institute of Banking Personnel Selection's exams and the SBI Probationary Officer's exam.

Investigations
Initial investigations into the irregularities were conducted by the various city units of the state police. During 2009-11, a committee established by the state government and headed by the State Joint Director of Medical Education, probed the irregularities in the PMT exam.

After the role of organized crime rackets and politicians in the scam came to light, the state government formed a Special Task Force (STF) of the police on 26 August 2013, to investigate the scam. Several activists and politicians, including members of the major opposition Indian National Congress party, demanded a CBI probe in the scam under the supervision of the Supreme Court of India. Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, Shivraj Singh Chouhan did not entertain the suggestion of a CBI inquiry to the probe initially. On 5 November 2014, Madhya Pradesh High Court also rejected the Congress leader Digvijay Singh's petition for CBI probe and instead ordered setting up of a special investigation team (SIT) to act as a watchdog for the court. The SIT is a three-member team chaired by Justice Chandresh Bhushan, a retired Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court. During 2014-2015, the scam was investigated by the STF under the supervision of SIT.

On 7 July 2015, after controversy about increasing number of allegedly suspicious deaths, Chouhan informed media that he will write to High Court of Madhya Pradesh requesting to order a CBI probe into the scam. On the same day, the opposition National Congress Party requested for resignation of Chouhan to allow fair probe into the scam. Application was filed before the High Court to transfer the investigation to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which however ordered to await the decision of the Supreme Court on similar applications. On 9 July 2015, the Attorney General for India told Supreme Court that State of Madhya Pradesh had no objection whatsoever for transferring the investigation to the CBI, upon which the Supreme Court ordered to transfer the 'criminal cases related to the scam and also the cases related to deaths allegedly linked with scam to the CBI, country's premier investigating agency. However who will monitor the investigation process was not announced.

Key arrests

By June 2015, more than 2000 people had been arrested in connection with the scam.

Politicians and bureaucrats

 Laxmikant Sharma, ex-Education Minister (M.P)
 Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) leader Laxmikant Sharma was the in-charge of MPPEB in his capacity as the state's Technical Education Minister. He was initially arrested for his involvement in the contractual teachers recruitment scam, based on the information recovered from the Excel sheet maintained by Nitin Mohindra. Later, he was also booked for irregularities in the constables recruitment examinations; according to the STF, he recommended names of at least 15 candidates for recruitment as constables. He resigned from BJP in June 2014, after being sent to four days police remand. Sharma claimed innocence, placing the blame on his officer OP Shukla, and pointed out that his own daughter had failed PMT twice.

 O. P. Shukla
 He was posted as Officer on Special Duty (OSD) with then Technical Education Minister Laxmikant Sharma. Soon after the investigations gained momentum, he went underground and surrendered two months after the investigation team released a lookout notice for him. He allegedly took 85 lakh from the candidates for clearing the medical entrance test.

 Sudhir Sharma
 A mining businessman, Sudhir Sharma was once an Officer on Special Duty (OSD) of the education minister Laxmikant Sharma. He was involved in police constable recruitment examination scam of 2012. After absconding initially, he surrendered to the STF in December 2013. The STF questioned him twice, but did not arrest him at the time. After STF found prosecutable evidence against him, he again went missing. The STF announced a cash reward of 5000 for information on him. He surrendered before the court in 2014, and was arrested by the STF.
 During 2010-2013, Sharma had provided payoffs to many politicians and bureaucrats, including former Madhya Pradesh BJP chief Prabhat Jha and his sons, Congress MLA Veer Singh Bhuria, several ABVP leaders, RSS functionary Suresh Soni, and many civil servants. Laxmikant Sharma was the biggest beneficiary of his kickbacks. He also received large sums of money from educational institutes regularly.

 R. K. Shivhare, Suspended IPS Officer
 He is an accused for his alleged involvement in the recruitment of sub-inspector and platoon commander examination of 2012 conducted by Vyapam. He is also an accused in getting his daughter and son-in-law admitted in the medical college by fraudulent means. When the probe agency registered a case against him, he was suspended but evaded arrest. He was declared absconder and a reward or 3000 was put against him. He later surrendered on 21 April 2014.

 Ravikant Dwivedi, Suspended Joint Commissioner (Revenue)
 He was arrested for getting his son admitted into one of the premiere medical colleges through unfair means. Later, the state anti-corruption wing raided his house and found cash, jewellery, property worth 6070 crore.

Racket leaders

Several organized rackets were involved in the Vyapam scam. These included the gangs led by Dr. Jagdish Sagar, Dr. Sanjeev Shilpakar and Sanjay Gupta, who were described as "kingpins" of the PMT scam. For PMT 2013, Dr. Sagar had given 317, Shilpakar 92 and Sanjay Gupta 48 names. Mahendra had recorded the details of these candidates in his computer and destroyed the list. While allotting roll numbers to these candidates, the slots immediately before or after them were left blank. These roll numbers were then allotted to fake candidates. The roll numbers were set at their homes and brought to office in a pen drive. After reaching the office, Mahendra uploaded the roll numbers to the computers. He then used to telephone the middlemen and provide a confirmation.

 Dr. Jagdish Sagar
 Indore-based Jagdish Sagar helped around 140 students get selected to the medical courses illegally, during 2009-12 alone. He arranged impersonators, largely sourced from Uttar Pradesh. He ran the alleged racket since the late 1990s, and had amassed a huge amount of wealth, including several real estate properties. He was arrested in 2003 on similar charges, but the police did not keep a watch on him after his release.

 Dr Sanjeev Shilpakar
 Bhopal-based Shilpakar was a junior of Jagdish Sagar in medical college, and started his own racket inspired by him. For PMT 2013, Shilpakar had enlisted 92 candidates, out of which 45 candidates had already paid him 3 crore. In turn, Shilpakar had bribed MPPEB officials including Nitin Mahindra, impersonators and brokers who brought candidates to him. He absconded after the arrest of Jagdish Sagar, but was later arrested by the STF.

 Sudhir Rai, Santosh Gupta, Tarang Sharma
 This gang was much bigger than (and a competitor to) Sagar's racket, and charged upwards of  25 lakh per candidate. The gang also facilitated admissions to medical colleges in Karnataka and Maharashtra. The Rai-Gupta racket was more organized than Sagar's racket and had branches in Ujjain, Shahdol, Sagar and Ratlam. Rai arranged candidates; Gupta arranged impersonators, most of whom came from Bihar. The gang is believed to have helped over 500 candidates gain admission to medical colleges illegally.

MPPEB employees

 Pankaj Trivedi, MPPEB Examination Controller
 He was arrested in September 2013 and is currently in a judicial custody. The state anti-corruption police has recovered around 2.5 crore rupees and numerous properties from his possession that are unknown to his sources of income. Evidence of his partnership in Indore based medical college was also found. Even after the Jagdish Sagar's racket was exposed, Trivedi managed to get an order that allowed Sagar's 317 candidates to get admission to medical courses on submission of an affidavit.

 CK Mishra, Officer, Vyapam
 CK Mishra has admitted that he was working for Dr. Sagar, Santosh Gupta and Sanjiv Shilpkar since 2009. In 2009, Dr. Sagar had given him application forms of 20 candidates, who were to be allotted roll numbers in such a way that in the exam, their seats were one behind the other. 50,000 per roll number was paid to him. Thus, he received Rs 1 million. In 2010, Dr. Sagar gave forms of 40 students. This time 20 lakh was paid. In 2012, Dr. Sagar took contract of 60 students, Shilpkar gave roll numbers of 20 boys. They paid 30 lakh and 10 lakh respectively.

 Nitin Mohindra / Nitin Mahendra (Principal System Analyst) and Ajay Sen (Senior System Analyst)
 Vyapam programmer Yashwant Parnekar and clerk Yuvraj Hingve said in their statements that the computers of Mahindra and Sen were not linked with the main server of Vyapam. These two officers could access the data stored in 25 other computers at Vyapam but the data in their computers could not be accessed by anyone. Taking advantage of this, they allotted roll numbers and examination centers as per their wish.

Others

 Dr. G S Khanuja
 On 13 September 2014, Special Task Force (STF) arrested the COO of Aurbindo hospital located in Indore. His son secured 12th rank in the medical examination of 2012 through unfair means.

 Harshit Shrivastava

 Harshit Shrivastava is a resident of Bhopal and has been appearing in cases of forgery since the last few years. His father, late Bhushan Shrivastava, was the PA of Madhya Pradesh's former Forest Minister Sartaj Singh. Taking advantage of his name, he dealt with the passing of the students in the examinations conducted by MP Vyapam. Along with the disclosure of the business scandal, Harshit Shrivastava was termed as a main accused and arrested by the SIT. Along with him, three other associates were also arrested. Harshit Shrivastava is currently on bail. Harshit Shrivastava had an important role in the excerpts of the Sanskrit Board exam, which has been confirmed by the SIT.

 Mohit Chaudhary
 Mohit Chaudhary, a native of Uttar Pradesh, was an MBBS student at MGM Medical College Indore, when he was first named in the Vyapam scam case. He had been named by some students accused of clearing MP PMT-2013 fraudulently.
 Earlier, in 2012, he had been arrested by Delhi Police for helping students cheat in the AIIMS post-graduate entrance examination. He charged each candidate  15-18 lakh for a seat in AIIMS. For cheating during the exam, he provided the candidates a shirt with a Bluetooth chip stitched into it, tiny earphones and SIM cards.

 Narendra Dev Azad
 On 19 February 2015, the special investigation team (SIT) arrested him on the charges of acting as a middleman in the admission of Amar Singh Medha in 2009 in MGM College, Indore.

 Dr. Vinod Bhandari
 He is the main accused and was arrested on the charges of illegally helping students to get admission through Vyapam officers. He fled to Mauritius when he was named in the scam and returned only after an anticipatory bail was granted by the Madhya Pradesh High Court.

 Animesh Akash Singh
 He worked as a broker and got admitted four candidates in PMT.

 Jitendra Malviya
 A third year student of MBBS at MGM College of Indore who had got admitted one candidate in PMT 2013 through Dr. Sanjeev Shilpakar.

Allegations of threats to whistleblowers and activists

 Anand Rai
 Indore-based Dr. Anand Rai filed a PIL which led to an investigation in the scam. He has reported receiving regular threat calls and has also alleged that contract killers were hired to kill him. In 2013, he approached the court requesting security cover. He was told to pay  50,000 per month for police protection, although his monthly salary was only  38,000. In 2015, he was provided with a security guard. Rai was accused of being a Congress agent by a BJP spokesperson, but he refuted the accusation pointing out that he had been a member of BJP, and was active in Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh activities from 2005 to 2013. He has also filed a petition in Supreme Court of India to hand over the investigation of DMAT scam, a private medical college admission scam.
 In July 2015, Dr. Rai was transferred from Indore to Dhar district. He alleged that it was done to harass him as he lodged a complaint with CBI against former Union minister and BJP leader Vikram Verma. In the complaint it was alleged that Vikram Verma used his influence to get his daughter transferred from Ghaziabad to Gandhi Medical College in Bhopal.
 On 2 September 2015, Dr. Rai submitted an affidavit in Madhya Pradesh High Court alleging that Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan met him and proposed to cancel the transfer orders if he stops campaigning against him over Vyapam and DMAT scam. The principal secretary confirmed the meeting but said it was arranged at the request of Dr. Rai as he wanted to share some scam related information.

 Ashish Chaturvedi
 Gwalior-based social activist Ashish Chaturvedi lodged a complaint against 8 people, one of whom was Gulab Singh Kirar's son Shakti Singh; Kirar is a relative of the Chief Minister. Chaturvedi had also petitioned CBI to probe admissions of 5,000 doctors in MBBS and PG courses of 2003-2013 in all state colleges. He suffered three attacks on his life, including an abduction bid. He has alleged that the police refused to provide him adequate protection after he complained of threats to his life. The police reportedly asked him to pay  50,000 for protection or remain confined in his home.

 Prashant Pandey
 Indore-based Prashant Pandey had been hired as an IT consultant by the Special Task Force (STF) investigating the scam. He was arrested in 2014 for allegedly blackmailing the Vyapam accused using the call detail records (CDRs) collected by the investigating team. He approached the Indian National Congress leader Digvijaya Singh, claiming to be a whistleblower who was being falsely implicated for trying to expose the involvement of senior BJP leaders (including Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan) in the scam. Subsequently, he has reported receiving death threats. He has also alleged that some unidentified people tried to kill his family by ramming a truck into their car, but the police investigation concluded that his car had collided with a dead cow on the street. In July 2015, the police briefly detained his wife accusing her of having illegal hawala cash; Pandey alleged that this was done to intimidate and harass him.

Allegations against the Governor
The STF also found evidence against the state Governor Ram Naresh Yadav. On 24 February 2015, Yadav was charged for criminal conspiracy in rigging the MPPEB forest guard recruitment examination. His son Shailesh was an accused in the contractual teachers' recruitment and later found dead in mysterious circumstances in March, 2015. His former officer-on-special-duty Dhanraj Yadav was arrested by STF in 2013 in connection with the scam. The Governor petitioned the High Court arguing that no criminal proceedings could be initiated against him, as the Constitution of India grants him immunity while he is in office. The High Court agreed and stayed his arrest, but ordered the investigations against him to proceed. The SIT chief declared that the investigators will act against Yadav after his retirement in September 2016. Three advocates petitioned the Supreme Court to order removal of Yadav as Governor. A bench comprising Chief Justice of India H. L. Dattu and Justices Arun Kumar Mishra and Amitava Roy has agreed to hear the petition on 9 July. The CBI was set to investigate the Vyapam scam and more than 30 deaths allegedly linked to the job recruitment scandal, according to a ruling by the Supreme Court on 9 July 2015.

Allegations against the Chief Minister

In 2014, Prashant Pandey (aka "Mr. X"), an IT consultant hired by the STF, was arrested for trying to use the team's information to blackmail the Vyapam accused. Pandey then approached the Indian National Congress leader Digvijaya Singh, and claimed that he was a whistleblower who was being harassed for exposing the role of Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in the scam. He alleged that the investigating agencies had tampered with the contents of the Excel sheet recovered from hard disk of the scam accused Nitin Mohindra's computer. Mohindra maintained a record of the candidates' names, their roll numbers and the names of those who had recommended them. Hundreds of people were arrested based on the information in this sheet. Pandey claimed that the investigators had modified the original version of the sheet by removing the names of senior BJP leaders, including Chouhan, from the sheet.

Digvijaya Singh then submitted a 15-page affidavit before the SIT, alleging that the investigators were shielding the Chief Minister. SIT took cognisance of Singh's complaint, and sent both versions of the Excel sheet for forensic analysis. The forensic laboratory reported that the Excel sheet available with STF was genuine, while Pandey's version was forged. Accordingly, Singh's submission was rejected as a forgery by Justice Khanwilkar in the MP High Court.

Pandey stood by his version, and stated that it had been authenticated by Truth Labs, a private forensic lab. He approached the Delhi High Court for protection as a whistleblower, claiming persecution by the MP Police. He claimed that he first sent the documents to the BJP minister Kailash Vijayvargiya and the Prime Minister's Office; he approached Congress leaders only when he did not receive any response. Pandey also stated that he was getting threat calls from influential people. The Delhi court therefore ordered police protection for him in February 2015. However, it was withdrawn in mid May 2015.

Chouhan hit back at his critics, saying that his government should be credited for the exposing the scam. He stated that only 228 out of 350,000 appointments made during his tenure had been affected by the recruitment scam, and unlike previous governments, he had conducted a thorough probe. Replying to Congress' allegations that his wife had got jobs for 17 of her relatives from Gondia, he pointed out that not a single candidate from Gondia had got the job in the question.

Deaths
A number of people connected to the scam and its investigation, died during the course of investigation. The opposition parties and activists alleged that several of these deaths happened under suspicious circumstances. In 2015, the Special Task Force (STF) submitted a list to Jabalpur High Court, naming 23 people who are believed to have died "unnatural death". According to the STF, most of these deaths took place before it took over the investigation in July 2013. Some media reports claimed that 40+ people associated with the scam had died under mysterious circumstances.

The State Government dismissed the allegations, arguing that Vyapam conducts very large-scale examinations and thousands of people are admitted or recruited through these exams every year. Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan insisted that death of every person linked with Vyapam exams should not be linked to the Vyapam scam. The state's Home Minister Babulal Gaur claimed that the deaths were "natural".

According to whistleblower Anand Rai, 10 of these deaths are suspicious, while the rest might be coincidences. The deaths considered as suspicious by him include the deaths of Akshay Singh, Namarata Damor, Narendra Tomar, D K Sakkale, Arun Sharma, Rajendra Arya and four middlemen who died in road accidents.

According to the High-Court Special Investigation Team (SIT), 32 people in 25-30 age-group identified as 'racketeers' during the investigation, died in suspicious circumstances since the investigation started in 2012. The SIT officials raised concerns that the arrested people were naming those who were already dead, in order to mislead the probe.

The following is a list of "unnatural deaths" mentioned in the STF and SIT records, plus other deaths alleged to be "suspicious" by the opposition parties and the media.

 Vikas Pandey
 Ravindra Pratap Singh
 Dr. DK Sakalley
 Narendra Rajput
 Lalit Golaria
 Gyan Singh Jatav
 Deepak Verma
 Namrata Damor
 Pramod Sharma
 Kuldeep Marawi
 Premlata Pandey
 Vikas Singh Thakur
 Shyamvir Yadav
 Anshul Sachan
 Anuj Uikey
 Deepak Jain
 Dinesh Jatav
 Aditya Chaudhary
 Anant Ram Tagore
 Arvind Shakya
 Ashutosh Tiwari
 Tarun Macchar
 Anand Singh Yadav
 Devendra Nagar
 Bunty Sikarwar
 Amit Sagar
 Sanjay Singh Yadav
 Shailesh Yadav
 Vijay Singh Patel
 Narendra Singh Tomar
 Rajendra Arya
 Akshay Singh
 Dr Arun Sharma
 Anamika Kushwaha
 Ramakant Pandey
 Ramendra Singh Bhadoria

Other accused declared dead in SIT's report include the following:

 Anand Singh (Barwani)
 Anuj Pandey
 Brijesh Rajput (Barwani)
 Gyan Singh (Sagar)
 Manish Kumar Samadhia (Jhansi)
 Pashupati Nath / Lalit Kumar Pashupatinath Jaiswal
 Vikram Singh

Reactions on social media
The mysterious deaths of people linked to Vyapam scam triggered dark humour on various social media platforms across India. People compared it to the fictional television series Dexter and termed it as India's version of Game of Thrones. The untimely and sudden death of a journalist soon after interviewing the family members of another dead accused was considered inauspicious. An online perception was created that any sort of link to the scam could bring trouble or even mysterious death.

Various hashtags such as #KhooniVyapam (Bloody Vyapam), #killervyapamscam, #vyapam, #VyapamGenocide, and #shivrajisteefado (Shivraj, resign) were used by people to post their reactions.

Judgement
On 13 February 2017, the Supreme Court of India delivered an 83-page judgement and cancelled the degrees of 634 doctors. The court said:

Films
Shiksha Mandal - a 2022 Hindi-language web series released on MX Player is based on the Vyapam scam.
The Whistleblower is a 2021 Hindi-language web series released on SonyLIV which have been inspired by the Vyapam scam, which involved staggering levels of fraud in the entrance examinations process and recruitment for government postings.
Halahal is a 2020 crime thriller film directed by Randeep Jha based on Vyapam scam.

See also
 List of scandals in India

References

External links
 Special Investigation Team for Vyapam-related cases

21st-century scandals
Corruption in Madhya Pradesh
History of Madhya Pradesh (1947–present)
Cover-ups
Criminal investigation
Political corruption in India
Employment in India
Education controversies
Education scandals
Vocational education in India
Scandals in India
Political scandals in India
Crime in Ujjain
Academic scandals
2000s scandals
2010s scandals
2013 scandals
2014 scandals
2015 scandals
2013 in Indian politics
2014 in Indian politics


title: SLC7A14

text:
Solute carrier family 7, member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A14 gene.

This gene is predicted to encode a glycosylated, cationic amino acid transporter protein with 14 transmembrane domains. This gene is primarily expressed in skin fibroblasts, neural tissuee, photoreceptor cells, hair cells and primary endothelial cells and its protein is predicted to mediate lysosomal uptake of cationic amino acids. In mice, this gene is expressed in the photoreceptor layer of the retina where its expression increases over the course of retinal development and persists in the mature retina.  The gene is also highly expressed in all vertebrate hair cells. In the mammalian inner ear, this gene is expressed in neonatal inner and outer hair cells during development and becomes specifically expressed in inner hair cells in adult animals , .Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and hearing loss in the form of auditory neuropathy.

References

Further reading

Genes on human chromosome 3
Solute carrier family


title: Clear Lake (Canada)

text:
Clear Lake is the name of several lakes in Canada:

Alberta
Clear Lake (County of Barrhead No. 11, Alberta)
Clear Lake (Starland County, Alberta)
Clear Lake (Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61, Alberta)
Clear Lake (Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26, Alberta)
Clear Lake (Wood Buffalo Regional Municipality, Alberta)

British Columbia
Clear Lake (Cariboo Regional District, British Columbia)
Clear Lake (Fraser-Fort George, Regional District, British Columbia)
Clear Lake (Kootenay Boundary Regional District, British Columbia)
Clear Lake (Quadra Island)

Ontario
Clear Lake (Huron Shores, Ontario) (Algoma District)
Clear Lake (Spanish, Ontario) (Algoma District)
Clear Lake (Bruce County, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Nansen Township, Ontario) (Cochrane District)
Clear Lake (Nettleton Township, Ontario) (Cochrane District)
Clear Lake (O'Brien Township, Ontario) (Cochrane District)
Clear Lake (Ritchie Township, Ontario) (Cochrane District)
Clear Lake (Timmins, Ontario) (Cochrane District)
Clear Lake (Frontenac County, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Greater Sudbury, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Algonquin Highlands, Ontario) (Haliburton County)
Clear Lake (Minden Hills, Ontario) (Haliburton County)
Clear Lake (Kawartha Lakes, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Axe River) (Kenora District)
Clear Lake (Bray) (Kenora District)
Clear Lake (Kirkup Township, Ontario) (Kenora District)
Clear Lake (McKellar Lake) (Kenora District)
Clear Lake (Oslo Lake) (Kenora District)
Clear Lake (Lanark Highlands, Ontario) (Lanark County)
Clear Lake (Tay Valley, Ontario) (Lanark County)
Clear Lake (United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Bracebridge, Ontario) (Muskoka)
Clear Lake (Muskoka Lakes, Ontario) (Muskoka)
Clear Lake (Nipissing District, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Burton Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (East Mills Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Foley Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Humphrey Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (McKellar, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Mowat Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Patterson Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Perry, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (The Archipelago, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Whitestone, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Wilson Township, Ontario) (Parry Sound District)
Clear Lake (Peterorough County, Ontario)
Clear Lake (Laurentian Hills, Ontario) (Renfrew County)
Clear Lake (Laurentian Valley, Ontario) (Renfrew County)
Clear Lake (Espanola, Ontario) (Sudbury District)
Clear Lake (Hess Township, Ontario) (Sudbury District)
Clear Lake (Bayly Township, Ontario) (Timiskaming District)
Clear Lake (Coleman, Ontario) (Timiskaming District)

Manitoba
Clear Lake (Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba)
Clear Lake (Rural Municipality of Grahamdale, Manitoba)

New Brunswick
Clear Lake (Charlotte County, New Brunswick)
Clear Lake (Saint John County, New Brunswick)
Clear Lake (Mud Brook) (York County)
Clear Lake (Stormy Brook) (York County)

Other provinces
Clear Lake (Saskatchewan)
Clear Lake (Nova Scotia)

References
Place names - Geographical names search, Natural Resources Canada


title: Ilze Jaunalksne

text:
Ilze Jaunalksne-Rēdere, (born November 19, 1976 in Jūrmala) is a Latvian journalist and an author and anchor of the TV3 Latvia current affairs program Nekā personīga (Nothing Personal) since 2008. From 2005 to 2008 she was an anchor for the Latvian Television channel LTV1 current affairs program De Facto.

In March 2006 on De Facto, she broke the story of Latvian national political leaders from various different parties buying votes. Her reporting on this caused a minister to be forced to resign, and some high-ranking political figures to be indicted. In retaliation, her phone was illegally tapped and transcripts of her conversations released to the media by her opponents in the government.

In response to this invasion of her privacy, Jaunalksne took the government to court for defamation of character, which was the first such case in Latvia. She won, with the Latvian Financial Police being ordered to pay her 100,000 lats ($187,000) in damages for illegally recording her calls and making the transcripts public, and the Finance Ministry and State Revenue Service being found guilty of invading her privacy.

She received a 2007 International Women of Courage award. However, she could not attend the ceremonies since she was about to give birth.

In 2019 Jaunalksne married fellow journalist Gundars Rēders. In 2021 she was awarded the Order of the Three Stars 4th Class.

References

Living people
1976 births
Latvian journalists
Latvian women journalists
Latvian women writers
People from Jūrmala
University of Latvia alumni
21st-century Latvian women writers
21st-century Latvian writers
20th-century Latvian women writers
20th-century Latvian writers
Recipients of the International Women of Courage Award


title: 2014 EBSA European Snooker Championship

text:
The 2014 EBSA European Snooker Championships took place in Sofia, Bulgaria. It was won by eighth seed Mitchell Mann who defeated second seed John Whitty 7–2 in an all-English final. Mann had taken a 5–0 lead in the match, before Whitty won the sixth and seventh s. For winning the tournament, Mann was rewarded with a place on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons. Mann took a 5–0 lead in the final,

Results

References

2014 in snooker
Snooker amateur tournaments
Sports competitions in Sofia
2014 in Bulgarian sport
International sports competitions hosted by Bulgaria


title: Capital Shoppers

text:
Capital Shoppers Limited, commonly known as Capital Shoppers, is a Ugandan supermarket chain.

Location
The Head Office of Capital Shoppers is located along Plot 2 Dastur Street, Kampala Central Division, in the city's central business district, adjacent to Nakasero Farmers' Market. The coordinates of Capital Shoppers Headquarters are:0°18'40.5"N, 32°34'45.0"E (Latitude:0.311250; Longitude:32.579167).

Overview
The supermarket chain owns and operates four supermarkets in Uganda; all located in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, the third-largest economy in the East African Community. Capital Shoppers is the largest locally owned supermarket chain in the country. Founded in 1997, the family-owned store chain has a customer-royalty program that offers 4% rebate on purchases, the highest in the industry in Uganda.

Branches
 the supermarket chain maintains branches at the following locations: (a) Central Kampala: Dastur Street, Nakasero Hill, Kampala (b) Nakawa Branch: Port Bell Road, Nakawa, Kampala
(c) Ntinda Branch: Capital Shoppers Mall, Ntinda Road, Ntinda, Kampala and (d) Garden City Branch: Garden City Mall, Kampala.

Ownership
Capital Shoppers is a wholly Ugandan, privately held company. , Ugandan media reports indicated that the supermarket chain is owned by  Mr. and Mrs. Ngabirano.

See also

References

External links
 Supermarkets Kicking Local Bakeries Out of Business

Supermarkets of Uganda
Ugandan brands
1997 establishments in Uganda
Companies based in Kampala
Retail companies established in 1997


title: Top Hero

text:
Top Hero is a 1994 Telugu-language drama film, produced by Mulpuri Venkatrao and Achanta Gopinath under the Sri Chitra Creations banner and directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Soundarya and its music was composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy.

Plot
Balu is an orphan and a good samaritan often helping people in need by charging a minimal amount for his living. Madhusudan Rao is a rich man who lost consciousness because of an accident. His wife Rohini runs the family with difficulty, unable to control her family members. Their accountant Gurunatham frequently visits Mahesh Anand, who keeps probing him about the whereabouts of a video cassette. As Madhusudan Rao lost his mind, he repeats the same thing when somebody asks a question. Rohini's estranged younger brother Dasu had been jailed because of her and wanted to take revenge by spoiling her family members.

Rohini seeks the help of Balu to set things right in her family. He initially asks for some money but is moved after seeing her tears. He also realizes that she helped him complete the last rites of his mother when nobody else helped him. He agrees to go as her eldest son. As soon as he enters, he takes control of the house. He also realizes that Rohini has been hiding something from him by not revealing the truth behind her husband's accident. Later he finds out that she is afraid of Mahesh Anand, who threatens to kill her husband if he becomes normal and reveals the secret tapes which he filmed while he was killing a person. She silently throws away all the medicines given by a doctor to cure her husband's mental illness so that he would never be fully conscious and gets killed by Mahesh Anand. Balu assures her and makes sure Madhusudan Rao gets proper medication and soon he becomes normal. Mahesh Anand finds out from Dasu that Madhusudan Rao is back to normal, and tries to kidnap him, but Balu comes and rescues him. Mahesh Anand is captured by the police.

Cast

Nandamuri Balakrishna as Balu
Soundarya as Chitra
Rohini Hattangadi as Rohini
Mahesh Anand as Jala Rakshasudu
Kota Srinivasa Rao as Dasu
Brahmanandam as S.I. Satya Murthy
Ali as Akkum Bakkum
AVS as Madhusudana Rao
Tanikella Bharani as Gurunatham
Mallikarjuna Rao as Chitra's father
Gundu Hanumantha Rao as Constable Gundu
Kishore Rathi as Doctor
Vidya Sagar as Sagar
Sivaji Raja as Ravi
Sriman as Dasu's son
Sakshi Ranga Rao as Classical Singer
Subbaraya Sharma as S.P.
Jenny as Doctor
Kinnera as Kinnera
Rajeswari as Raji
Archana as Gayatri
Radha Prashanthi
Krishnaveni as Vasantha
Master Baladitya as Aditya
Aamani as an item number "O Muddu Papa" (Cameo appearance)

Soundtrack

 Hindi Version
" Duniya Mein Teri" - N/A
"Ek Baar Mujhe Bulayegi" - N/A
"Lage Jab Se Naina" - N/A
"Pyar Ki Dil Mein Aag Lagi Hai" - Kumar Sanu, Kavita Krishnamurthy
"Pyari Baby O Pyari Baby" - Kumar Sanu
"Smoking Is Injurous To Health" - N/A

Other
 VCDs and DVDs on - VOLGA Videos, Hyderabad

References

External links

1994 films
Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy
Films scored by S. V. Krishna Reddy
1990s Telugu-language films


title: Shortness

text:
Shortness may refer to:

Short stature
Joselyn Palacios
Shortness of temper

See also
Short (disambiguation)


title: Lartet

text:
Lartet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Édouard Lartet (1801–1871), French geologist and paleontologist
 Louis Lartet (1840–1899), French geologist and paleontologist, son of Édouard

See also
 Larter


title: Sarasota Gulls

text:
The Sarasota Gulls were a minor league baseball team, based in Sarasota, Florida, as a member of the early Florida State League. The team played in 1926 as the Gulls, however the following season they played as the Sarasota Tarpons. They were the first team to represent Sarasota inside of Florida State League. The city would not host another FSL team until the Sarasota Sun Sox arrived in 1961. The team folded in 1928, when the FSL went on a hiatus.

Notable players
Jumbo Brown
Ivy Olson

References
Baseball Reference

Baseball teams established in 1926
Defunct Florida State League teams
Sports in Sarasota, Florida
Defunct baseball teams in Florida
Baseball teams disestablished in 1928
1926 establishments in Florida
1928 disestablishments in Florida


title: Sumbawa people

text:
Sumbawa or Samawa people are an ethnic group of people native to the western and central region of Sumbawa Island, which comprises West Sumbawa Regency and Sumbawa Regency. The Sumbawa people refer themselves as Tau Samawa people and their language is the Sumbawa language. Neither the Bimanese nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own; they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently. The majority of the Sumbawa people practice Islam. The Sumbawa people once established their own government which became the Sumbawa Sultanate and lasted until 1931.

History
The Sumbawa people inhabit the western part of the Sumbawa Island and about another 38 smaller islands. In the eastern borders, the Sumbawa people are closely related to the Bima people. The Sumbawa people descended from the ancient Austronesian people that came to the island thousands of years ago. In the 14th century, the western part of the Sumbawa Island is regarded as a territory dependent on the Javanese Majapahit kingdom. Later the formation of the West Sumbawa government became dependent on the Bali Kingdom. In 1650-1750, the West Sumbawa sultans themselves became possessors of lands at the nearby Lombok Island.

In the 17th century, Islam was spread among the Sumbawa people. However this influence only gained significant importance in the 19th century in relation to the reforms that were carried out by the local monarch to strengthen their power after the catastrophic Tambora eruption. Thus, they have also contributed to the cultural unification of the local population.

As early as the 16th century, the Sumbawa people have been known to be suppliers of valuable fragrant wood, honey, rice and horses to other countries within the Southeast Asian region. Since 1605, they were already actively trading with the Dutch. Thanks to the Dutch traders in the Sumbawa Island, the locals began to grow coffee; which then became the main export produce. In the 19th century, the governing of the Sumbawa people came under the Dutch colonies. In 1949, West Sumbawa became part of Indonesia.

Religion
Most of the Sumbawa people practice Sunni Islam faith, but among the Sumbawa people, some of the ancient cults, traditional beliefs and rituals are still preserved. The Sumbawa people still believe in the existence of many spirits and witchcraft. Their shamans have a certain social influence; who act as counselors and witch doctors.

Culture
Sumbawa folklore consist of a lot of fairy tales, legends, historical tales, nursery rhymes, dance and musical performance. The Sakeco music always plays a special role in the custom of Sumbawa people.

Economy
The main livelihood of the Sumbawa people are agriculture and animal husbandry. They usually cultivate the earth by slash-and-burn method. Plow and irrigation methods are very rarely used. The main agriculture produce is rice, which is predominantly used in their dietary. Sumbawa people traditionally grow corn (which has become a major industry), beans, peppers, vegetables, onions, garlic, tobacco, coffee and fruit trees, which are also grown primarily for trading. Horse and cattle breeding is dominant in livestock breeding, but the breeding of buffaloes, small horned livestock and poultry are also developed. Aquaculture are carried out in flooded fields and artificial ponds. In forestry, wild nuts, beeswax and frankincense are gathered.

Dietary
Sumbawa people eat mostly plant based foods, while consumption of meat takes place during festivals and other celebrations.

Settlements
The Sumbawa villages are characterized by the so-called scattered houses, when settlements are actually made up of separate estates. They live in permanent settlements, as well as in temporary ones. Large villages are divided into several smaller rukun warga, each of which has its own administration. However, the villagers are united together in a form of community to collectively deal with problems of land use and irrigation. Temporary building shelters are found in the mountainous areas that are free from the jungle areas. Traditional framed houses on stilts with high roofing is divided into several rooms- generally 4 to 6 rooms. There is no ceiling, instead an attic is made over the female part of the house. In the fields, temporary settlements are often located; where women, old people and children also reside.

Society
Traditionally, the society is divided into three groups namely, the relatives of the monarchy family, the nobles and the free person of ordinary commoners. Dominated by smaller nucleus family, but the family maintained close ties up to the sixth generation. Tracing of family tree is conducted simultaneously from both the male and female line.

A traditional family is monogamous. However in principle polygamy is not forbidden in religion, but it is practiced quite rarely because of the big sum of money that the bridegroom must pay for the bride and usually common among the upper class. Elements of the traditional wedding such as a long series of ceremonies and engagement have been preserved, such as bride price, a joint bathing ceremony of the bride and groom and a common dining table. The bride must receive the blessing of their parents. In the past, newlyweds that did not receive parental blessings are regarded as an insult to the relatives and become refugees of mandatory persecution.

References

External links
 Kabupaten SUMBAWA

Ethnic groups in Indonesia
Sumbawa


title: Elizabeth Broderick

text:
Elizabeth Broderick  is an Australian lawyer, who was the Australian Sex Discrimination Commissioner for over eight years from 2007 to 2015 and has been a United Nations special rapporteur for Discrimination against Women and Girls since 2017. She is a former partner and head of legal technology at Ashurst Australia (then called Blake Dawson Waldron), a global commercial law firm.

Early life
Broderick grew up in Caringbah, New South Wales as the daughter of a doctor and physiotherapist, Frank and Margot. She has two sisters including an identical twin, Emeritus Professor Jane Latimer ., and Carolyn Broderick. Elizabeth Broderick was Head Girl in 1978 at Meriden School, Strathfield while Jane Latimer was Head Girl at MLC School in neighbouring Burwood in the same year.

Career
Broderick is trained as a lawyer. She has spoken publicly about her own experiences of sexual harassment by a client as a young lawyer.

At law firm Blake Dawson Waldron (now Ashurst), Broderick worked part-time for twelve years while she was a partner - the first partner at the firm to work part-time. She also created a database giving people legal advice at low cost. Broderick was named "Telstra NSW Business Woman of the Year" (2000–2001).

Sex Discrimination Commissioner
Broderick was appointed Sex Discrimination Commissioner by Prime Minister John Howard in 2007. Her term was extended by the Rudd government and again by the Abbott government. As Sex Discrimination Commissioner, Broderick worked on equal-pay cases, "proposed a model for the paid parental leave scheme", and commented publicly on sexual harassment cases.

Broderick persuaded some of "the most powerful men in the country" to publicly commit to being part of a group called Male Champions of Change (MCC) and take action on gender inequality. The group is still active and has inspired the creation of many MCC groups in other sectors, including architecture, property, elite sports and in Victoria. Current members of the Founding MCC group include, Alan Joyce,  Kevin McCann, Martin Parkinson, David Thodey and Lieutenant General David Morrison.

The Male Champions of Change have released progress reports in 2011, 2013 and 2014. They also partnered with Chief Executive Women to develop a model for leaders to use in order to examine their own actions and 'Leadership Shadow'.

In 2014, Broderick published a fourth and final report on gender-discriminatory practices in the Australian Defence Force.

Broderick finished up as Sex Discrimination Commissioner in 2015 and was succeeded by Kate Jenkins.

United Nations Rapporteur
Broderick established her own consultancy specialising in gender equality and was then appointed by the United Nations as a Special Rapporteur for the Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls in 2017. She works alongside four other female experts to report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva on discrimination against women around the world.

In 2018, Broderick launched Male Champions of Change globally.

Awards
Broderick won in the Diversity category as well as recognized as the overall winner in the 2014 Women of Influence award. She was also an Impact 25 winner in 2015. On November, 2015, the University of New South Wales-Sydney conferred upon her an honorary degree honorary Doctorate of Laws for her "eminent service to both the Australian and international community".

In 2016, she was awarded the New South Wales Australian of the Year for her being a "powerful and influential voice in the struggle for gender equality enlisting both women and men as agents of change." She received the Australian Award for Excellence in Women's Leadership from the Women & Leadership Australia on the same year, and won the 2016 Hall of Fame during the Women's Agenda Leadership Awards.

Broderick was appointed Officer of the Order of Australia in 2017.

References

External links
Official website

Living people
Australian women lawyers
Officers of the Order of Australia
University of Technology Sydney alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
United Nations special rapporteurs
Australian feminists
20th-century Australian lawyers
21st-century Australian lawyers


title: Richa Ahuja

text:
Richa Ahuja (born 16 September 1973) is a former Indian actress. She has acted in Hindi, Tamil, English, and French films and plays.

Career
Richa is the daughter of New Delhi-based vocalist and playwright, Sushma Ahuja, and a Pakistani Hindu father. Richa Ahuja acted in several plays right from her childhood through her acting career on screen. She made her first film appearance in Praying with Anger (1991), an experimental English film, which also marked the directorial debut of M. Night Shyamalan during his days as a student. She then moved on to perform in Hindi and English theatre as well as projects in Chennai, where she lived. She also trained under Ebrahim Alkazi, the founder of the National School of Drama New Delhi, when he formed the Living Theater Academy of Drama and featured in six of his productions. At the same time, she worked as a video jockey for Mirch Masala of Plus Channel, interviewing prominent actors such as Chiranjeevi and Nagarjuna. Subsequently, she began to receive offers to play roles in Hindi televisions serials and appeared in Parampara, Safar, Sathya and Shanti. She then got an offer for a Tamil serial, Suzhal and relocated to Chennai, after which she also featured in Oviyam and Panam Penn Pasam.

Richa had been looking to get a breakthrough in film roles, and an offer from Mani Ratnam also did not eventually materialize. She then appeared in her mother Sushma Ahuja's directorial venture, the 1998 romantic film Uyirodu Uyiraga, featuring Richa alongside Ajith Kumar. Richa took up the offer, after another popular actress had opted out of the role due to date issues. Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, with whom Sushma worked in the silent movie Pushpak, encouraged Richa to take up this project. The film was reportedly based on a real event which had occurred in the early 1990s. The film released to positive reviews from film critics. A reviewer praised the film as "a clean movie with no masala stuff" but criticized the "weak story-line", while also praising the performances in the film. During a holiday to France, she became involved in a French adaptation of Girish Karnad's play Hayavadana and subsequently learnt the language and appeared on stage for the play 45 times. She then relocated to France to feature in a film titled Le Mystère Parasuram (2000), which took almost two years in production. Despite the average success of her previous Tamil film, her next Tamil venture, Mani Ratnam's Dumm Dumm Dumm saw her feature alongside Madhavan and Jyothika in a secondary supporting role. She had earlier been in touch with the production studio, Madras Talkies, for a potential lead role.

Richa married Kash Badami on 14 February 2002 and has 3 children.

Filmography

See also

 List of Indian actresses

References

External links

Living people
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from New Delhi
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Hindi television
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Indian film actresses
Indian stage actresses
Indian television actresses
1973 births


title: Stefanos Dogos

text:
Stefanos Dogos (; born 5 May 1994) is a Greek footballer who plays as a winger for Naoussa.

Career
Stefanos signed his first professional contract on 27 December 2013 and made his professional debut during Veria's heavy home defeat against Olympiacos with score 5–0. Dogos was released on a free transfer on 31 August 2015.

On 10 July 2019, Stefanos joined Almopos Aridaea.

References

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Veria
Greek men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Super League Greece players
Veria F.C. players
Aris Thessaloniki F.C. players
Edessaikos F.C. players