title: Beitar Ramat Gan F.C.

text:
Beitar Ramat Gan () is an Israeli football club based in Ramat Gan. The club currently plays in Liga Bet South A division.

History
The club was founded in 1939. In their first season of existence, the club played in the Samaria regional division, which was considered as the third tier at the time. It is known that Maccabi Kfar Saba and Hapoel Kfar Saba finished in the top places, however, Beitar were victorious by a result of 4–0 against Hapoel Kfar Saba on March 30, 1940.

In 1946, Beitar made their debut in the Palestine Cup, where they lost in the first round 3–6 on aggregate (1–4, 2–2) to Hakoah 09 Tel Aviv, with the first leg abandoned due to unruly behavior of the Beitar players.

In the 1946–47 season, the club played in Liga Bet, the second tier of football in the British Mandate for Palestine at the time, and finished eight out of nine in the South division. Following the Israeli Declaration of Independence, the club played in Liga Meuhedet, the temporary second tier in the 1949–50 season, and finished sixth out of nine in the Sharon division. As a result, they were relegated, and did not return to the second tier of Israeli football ever since.

In the 1964–65 season the club returned to Liga Bet (now as the third tier), where they played for thirteen seasons. In 1976, following the creation of Liga Artzit, Liga Bet became the fourth tier of Israeli football, and at the end of the 1977–78 season, Beitar finished bottom in Liga Bet South A division, and relegated to Liga Gimel, the fifth tier of Israeli football.

By winning Liga Gimel Tel Aviv division in 1997–98, the club returned to Liga Bet, where they play now.

Honours

League

External links
Beitar Ramat Gan The Israel Football Association

References

Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan
Association football clubs established in 1939
1939 establishments in Mandatory Palestine


The Regional Cooperative Federation of Catalonia (, ) was a cooperative federation in Catalonia, Spain. The organization was linked to the Spanish Socialist Workers Party. It played a leading role in the efforts to build a statewide Spanish cooperative movement. It published the weekly Acción Cooperatista. Joan Ventosa i Roig was the chairman of the organization. J. Durán y Guardia was the secretary of the organization.

As of late 1928, the organization claimed to have 27,750 members in 160 affiliated societies. The office of the organization was located at 11, Carrer de Aurora, Barcelona.

References

Political organisations based in Spain
Cooperative federations
Cooperatives in Spain
Organisations based in Catalonia


title: Lost Echo

text:
Lost Echo is a point-and-click adventure developed and published by KickBack Studios for iOS, Android and Windows Phone. It was released on September 27, 2013, for iOS. Later it was also released for Windows Phone and Android on June 18, 2014, and November 11, 2015, respectively. The game has gained a cult following. On February 9, 2019, and February 19, 2019, the developers updated the game with a complete remaster of the game for iOS and Android respectively. The developer, KickBack, is currently developing a sequel, entitled Lost Echo: Resonance.

Gameplay
As the game is a point-and-click adventure, the player has to solve puzzles in order to advance the plot. He can investigate certain objects and collect items. Furthermore, the player can talk to characters and find new hints in regard to the mystery.

Plot
In the near future, a young woman named Chloe mysteriously disappears. Her boyfriend Gregory starts to investigate, but no one seems to remember her at all. At his home, Gregory finds that she has been erased from his life: pictures of her are missing and not a trace of Chloe exists. Gregory attempts to uncover what happened to Chloe by teaming up with friends and strangers and delving into a surreal, fantastical journey of espionage and time travel.

Soundtrack

The official soundtrack by KickBand was released on November 29, 2013. The soundtrack features 25 tracks at a total length of 59:56, and was released on Bandcamp.

Reception

The game received generally favorable reviews. It received 4.5 out of 5 stars on Adventure Gamers with reviewer Randall Rigdon saying: ""A richly defined, innovative experience, Lost Echo is exactly what an iOS adventure should be." IndieGames.com wrote about the game: "I can't help but be completely and utterly impressed." 148Apps gave 4.5 of 5 stars and wrote: "This is a must-buy for anybody who loves sci-fi, mystery, or just adventure games in general." Gamezebo reviewer Jillian Werner wrote about the game: "[...] while its plot stumbles in the final act and its characters never fully get off the ground, the surrounding build-up and adventure is worth experiencing.  Greg may not be the greatest protagonist adventure gaming has ever known, but his world and its challenges are beautiful, engaging, and deserving of exploration." PocketMeta gave it a 4.8/5, saying that it was, "stylish, philosophical, and intelligent" and "how a Sci-fi adventure should be." RPGFan gave it a 72% saying, "Despite decent production values, Lost Echo is a bit of a lost cause." AppSpy gave it a 3/5 saying it was, "A handsome adventure game with an enticing air of mystery let down by poor pacing and bland dialogue." It received a Metacritic score of 71/100.

References

External links

2013 video games
Adventure games
Android (operating system) games
IOS games
Point-and-click adventure games
Windows Phone games
Video games developed in Greece
Single-player video games


title: NCAA Season 90 basketball tournaments

text:
The basketball tournaments of NCAA Season 90 were the Philippines' National Collegiate Athletic Association tournaments for the 90th season. The José Rizal University hosted the season, starting with an opening ceremony held on June 28, 2014 at the Mall of Asia Arena followed by a double-header. Games were held at the Filoil Flying V Arena in San Juan, with two seniors and juniors games every Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays and one senior and junior game every Saturday. The seniors' games were aired live by TV5 and AksyonTV.

Seniors' tournament

Teams

Changes from last season
Full member (from probationary member):

 Arellano Chiefs

Elimination round

Team standings

Match-up results

Scores

First-seed playoff
Winner faces Perpetual Help, while loser faces JRU, in the semifinals. Either way, both teams had twice-to-beat advantage in the semifinals.

Third–seed playoff
Winner faces Arellano, while loser faces San Beda, in the semifinals. Either way, both teams have to win twice in the semifinals to progress.

Bracket

Semifinals
San Beda and Arellano had the twice-to-beat advantage; they only had to win once, while their opponents twice, to advance to the Finals.

San Beda vs. Perpetual

Arellano vs. JRU

Finals
The finals is a best-of-3 series.

Finals Most Valuable Player:

Awards
Most Valuable Player:
Rookie of the Year:
Mythical Five:

All-Defensive Team:

Most Improved Player:
Defensive Player of the Year:

All-Star Game
The 10 member schools were divided into East and West. The East squad is represented by players from San Beda College, University of Perpetual Help, Arellano University, Jose Rizal University and San Sebastian College-Recoletos, while the West team draws from Lyceum of the Philippines University, Emilio Aguinaldo College, College of Saint Benilde, Mapua Institute of Technology, and Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

Team East was coached by Boyet Fernandez of the Red Lions, while Caloy Garcia of the Knights calls the shots of Team West.

Juniors' tournament

Elimination round

Team standings

Match-up results

Scores

First-seed playoff

Bracket

Semifinals
Mapúa and San Beda had the twice-to-beat advantage; they only had to win once, while their opponents twice, to advance to the Finals.

Mapúa vs. JRU

San Beda vs. Letran

Finals
This finals is a best-of-3 series.

Finals Most Valuable Player:

Awards
Most Valuable Player:
Rookie of the Year:
Mythical Five:

All-Defensive Team:

Most Improved Player:
Defensive Player of the Year:

See also
 UAAP Season 77 basketball tournaments

References

External links
Official website

90
2014–15 in Philippine college basketball


title: Roar: Tigers of the Sundarbans

text:
Roar is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language film written and directed by Kamal Sadanah. The film was premiered by Salman Khan at an event in Mumbai on 31 July 2014, ahead of a 31 October release. It is an epic tale of a team trying to outsmart the acute senses of the infamous white tiger who is looking for her cub.

Cast

Abhinav Shukla as Pundit
Himarsha Venkatsamy as Jhumpa
Achint Kaur as Forest Warden
Subrat Dutta as Bheera
Nora Fatehi as CJ
Ali Quli Mirza as Hero
Aadil Chahal as Kashmiri
Varinder Singh Ghuman as Cheena
Aaran Chaudhary as Sufi
Pranay Dixit as  Madhu
Pulkit Jawahar as Uday

Production

Roar was shot in the dense mangrove forest, showcasing the animal-man conflict, and the film has aerial visuals of the Sundarbans and over 800 shots with special effects. Director Kamal Sadanah said, "We spent four months doing the test shoots and we shot with trained tigers from Los Angeles and Thailand and composited these sequences with the ones taken at Sundarbans with VFX". He concluded by saying that he had to take up an online course in visual effects along with his producer Abis Rizvi.

Crew

LA-based Michael Watson, whose resume has The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, was hired as the director of photography, and a special team from Scandinavia was signed to film the aerial shots using helicams. Producer Rizvi said, "With an international crew of 150 on board and a 300-member VFX team, it took us 12 months to edit the film and put our audacious dream out on celluloid. Academy Award winner Resul Pookutty was signed for Sound design."

Reviews

Roar gathered mixed reviews. Hindustan Times mentioned it as, Novelty of the concept makes it an interesting film and appreciated its editing and computer graphics and said the film would show you something that you didn't even know existed in India, concluding it as a smartly executed film which deserves attention. While ABPLIVE criticised it as a film only for brain dead. Subhash K Jha wrote that, Roar is a visual swagger and splendour with stunning shots of the natural beauty of the Sunderbans, if you're the sort who grants leeway to movies for stretching its neck out beyond the domain of the conventional. He observed its photography as 'brilliant'.  Rediff gave  stars and mentioned Roar would not disappoint you and the film's strengths are the novelty of the concept, and the judicious use of Computer Graphics. Filmfare mentioned it as entertaining, shot like a Hollywood film, which has some genuinely great Computer Graphics. It also wrote that the camera work is at par with any big-budget Hollywood film, and the cinematography showcases the flora and fauna of the Sundarbans on a grand scale, and the special effects are superlative. Movie talkies gave it 3 stars, saying Technical brilliance and the film's stage & setting – This is what makes Roar stand out from the crowd in a major way.

Box office

As per Box Office India, Roar collected 15 million on its first day of release, and a total of 4.75–5.0 million net as weekend collection. While movieglamour website reported that Roar is doing moderate business and collected 70.0 million from its first 4 days, Bollywood Hungama reported that Roar collected 83.8 million at the end of its 1st week run.

See also

 Tiger attacks
 Tiger attacks in the Sundarbans
 Champawat Tiger
 Thak man-eater

References

External links

2014 films
Indian adventure thriller films
Sundarbans
2010s Hindi-language films
Films set in West Bengal
2010s adventure thriller films
Films about tigers
Films about hunters
Tigers in India


title: 2014–15 Women's EHF Champions League group stage

text:
This article describes the group stage of the 2014–15 Women's EHF Champions League.

Format
The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four teams, where they played each other twice. The top three teams advanced to the main round. The draw took place on 27 June 2014, at 18:00 local time, in Vienna, Austria.

Seedings
The seedings were published on 23 June 2014.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

References

External links
Official website

2014–15 Women's EHF Champions League


title: Billy Purcell

text:
William Purcell (30 August 1961 – 14 August 2019) was an Irish hurler who played as a left corner-forward for the Kilkenny senior teams.

Born in Johnstown, County Kilkenny, Purcell first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1982 championship. Purcell enjoyed a brief inter-county career, winning one Leinster medal on the field of play. He also won two All-Ireland medals as a non-playing substitute.

At club level Purcell played with Fenians.

Honours

Team

Kilkenny
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1982 (sub), 1983 (sub)
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1982, 1983 (sub)
National Hurling League (2): 1981-82 (sub), 1982-83 (sub)
Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship (3): 1980, 1981, 1982
Leinster Minor Hurling Championship (2): 1978, 1979

References

1961 births
Living people
Fenians hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers


title: Macarena Gelman

text:
María Macarena Gelman García (born 1 November 1976, in Montevideo) is an Uruguayan activist and politician.

Biography
Born in captivity to an Argentine mother, María Claudia García Irureta Goyena, her father was Marcelo Ariel Gelman Schuberoff, son of Argentine poet Juan Gelman. Her parents were kidnapped during the Argentine military junta, and María Claudia was moved to Uruguay under Operation Cóndor; while there, she was held at the clandestine detention center Centro de detención del Servicio de Información de Defensa, ultimately being moved to the Hospital Militar upon the birth of her baby.

Macarena was placed for adoption to a Uruguayan family. Her biological parents were murdered. Her father's remains were found in Argentina in 1990; as of 2021, her mother's remains have not been located.

Macarena studied at The Universidad de la República, first in the Faculty of Science, and later in the Faculty of Chemistry.

The search for Macarena
On December 23, 1998, Juan Gelman published "An open letter to my grandchild" in the weekly newspaper Brecha. The text, written in 1995, detailed his feelings for his granddaughter, whom he had not yet found, along with the story of her parents. This letter was part of a long time public effort on Gelman's part to find his grandchild; this search gained notoriety in the exchange of open letters between Gelman and former Uruguayan president Julio María Sanguinetti. Gelman asked for the at the time President's help in the investigation, while Sanguinetti denied that the "stealing of babies" ever took place in Uruguay. Sanguinetti began then receiving letters from various people around the world, including renowned authors and several Nobel Prize winners.

Under such public pressure, in 2000, Sanguinetti's successor, President Jorge Batlle ordered two parallel investigations, which arrived at the same conclusions reached by Gelman in an independent investigation. Thus, Macarena recovered her identity.

After this discovery, Macarena changed her surnames to those of her biological parents (Gelman García). She pursued a career in social activism with a particular focus in human rights violations during the Dirty War, and the recovery of identity of those who suspect familial relation to disappeared people.

In March 2014, Gelman took the decision to take part in politics and endorsed the presidential candidacy of Constanza Moreira. At the same time, she declared her own candidacy to the Uruguayan Parliament for the Broad Front in the October elections.

References

External links

1976 births
Politicians from Montevideo
Uruguayan activists
Uruguayan women activists
Uruguayan Jews
Uruguayan people of Argentine descent
Uruguayan people of Basque descent
Uruguayan people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Jewish Uruguayan politicians
Living people
21st-century Uruguayan women politicians
21st-century Uruguayan politicians
Children of people disappeared during Dirty War
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Jewish women activists


title: The Australian Communist

text:
The Australian Communist was a weekly newspaper published from Sydney, Australia between 24 December 1920 and 29 April 1921. The newspaper was the official organ of the Communist Party of Australia. In total, 19 issues of The Australian Communist were published. Tom Glynn served as the editor of The Australian Communist until 25 March 1921. For the last issues C.W. Baker served as the editor.

The Communist
The newspaper changed its title to The Communist. It continued publishing under the new title from 1921 to 1923 to be replaced by Workers' Weekly that became the official organ of the Australian Communist Party.

Workers' Weekly
The Communist folded in 1923 to be replaced by Worker' Weekly which became the official organ of the party from 1923 to 1939. Workers' Weekly stopped publication with Tribune becoming the official organ starting 1939.

Publication history

See also
Tribune (Australian newspaper)

References

External links

1920 establishments in Australia
1921 disestablishments in Australia
Communist newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Sydney
Defunct weekly newspapers
Newspapers established in 1920
Publications disestablished in 1921


The FIBA Europe Young Women's Player of the Year Award was an annual Player of the Year (POY) award given by FIBA Europe, the European division of FIBA World, the international governing body of the sport of basketball, to the best female basketball player with European citizenship, aged 22 and under of the year. The inaugural award was given out in the year 2005 to Anete Jēkabsone of Latvia. The award was a calendar year by calendar year award, and was not a season by season award. The vote was decided upon by a panel of basketball experts and also by fan voting.

Winners

See also
 FIBA Europe Women's Player of the Year Award

References

External links
FIBA Europe Women's Player of the Year Award at fibaeurope.com

FIBA Europe
European basketball awards
Awards established in 2005
Awards disestablished in 2014


title: George Fredericks

text:
George Fredericks (born 1929) is an English naïve artist.

He has exhibited his paintings since 1957, and developed an early following by British and international artists, including Peter Blake and Larry Bell.

His paintings have been exhibited in many major European centres, including in galleries in Amsterdam, Hamburg, London (the Redfern, the Crane Art and Rona Galleries)   and Zurich, and in museums in France.

Works
His Bald Trainer and Animals (1974) is in the Bridgeman Art Library. His paintings Acrobat (no date) and Circus Scene (1990) are in the collections of the Milwaukee Art Museum.

References

1929 births
Naïve painters
Outsider artists
English male painters
Living people
20th-century English painters
20th-century English male artists


title: Correspondents Report

text:
Correspondents Report was a weekend news and current affairs program broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National and ABC Local Radio networks, from at least 1974 until 2019.

History
Correspondents Report has been running since at least 1974.

Freelance reporter Roger East  was covering the Indonesian insurgence in 1975, and was first to file the story of the killing of the Balibo Five in October. He was the sole remaining foreign journalist in Portuguese Timor at the time, He filed his last report for Correspondents Report on  afternoon of 7 December 1975 before he was executed by Indonesian soldiers the following day.

The last available episode of Correspondents Report is dated 10 February 2019, presented by Thomas Oriti. After this date, the program appears to have been incorporated into Sunday Extra, hosted by Julian Morrow.

Archives
Transcripts of the programs are available from July 1999, and podcasts are available of more recent programs.

See also
 ABC News

References

External links

Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio programs
ABC News and Current Affairs
Australian news radio programs


title: Macarena (name)

text:
Macarena is a Spanish female name, popular in Andalusia, in honor of the Virgin of Hope of Macarena.
Some sources also say that the name comes from the Greek "Makarios", which means "happy".

Notable people bearing this name include:
 Macarena Achaga (born 1992), Argentine model and television host
 Macarena Aguilar (born 1985), Spanish handballer
 Macarena Alonso (born 1993), Argentine handballer
 Macarena Gelman (Montevideo, 1976), Uruguayan activist, granddaughter of the Argentine poet Juan Gelman
 Macarena Gómez (born 1978), Spanish actress
 Macarena Hernández, American academic and journalist specializing in Latino issues
 Macarena Reyes (born 1984), Chilean athlete
 Macarena Ripamonti (born 1991), Chilean politician
 Macarena Rodríguez (born 1978), Argentine hockey player
 Macarena Sánchez (born 1991), Argentine football player
 Macarena Simari Birkner (born 1984), Argentine skier
 The Macarena (born 1991), Spanish drag queen

Spanish feminine given names
Feminine given names


title: 1861 in Costa Rica

text:
Events in the year 1861 in Costa Rica.

Incumbents
President: José María Montealegre

Events

Births
April 18 - Rafael Yglesias Castro, President 1894-1902 (d. 1924)

References

1860s in Costa Rica


title: 1882 in Costa Rica

text:
Events in the year 1882 in Costa Rica.

Incumbents
President: Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez until July 6, Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez until July 20, Próspero Fernández Oreamuno

Events

Births

Deaths
July 6 - Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez

References

Years of the 19th century in Costa Rica


title: Mr India 2014

text:
Provogue MensXP Mr India World 2014 was the sixth edition of Mister World India pageant held in Mumbai on  May 8, 2014. Fourteen contestants from all over India were chosen as finalists to compete in the main event in Mumbai. 25 years old Prateik Jain from Bangalore was declared Provogue MensXP Mr India World 2014. 25 years old Puneet Beniwal from New Delhi was declared 1st Runner Up and 23 years old Bharat Raj from Chennai was declared 2nd Runner Up.

Final results
Color key

Special awards
 Special Awards Mr World India 2014

Judges
 Arjun Rampal
 Arjan Bajwa
 Manish Malhotra
 Rocky S
 Elli Avram

Finalists
 Fourteen finalists were shortlisted from all over India to compete in the main event.

References

2014 beauty pageants
Beauty pageants in India


title: Glenwood, New Brunswick

text:
Glenwood, New Brunswick may refer to:
Glenwood, Kings County
Glenwood, Northumberland County
Glenwood, Restigouche County


title: 1856 in Nicaragua

text:
Events in the year 1856 in Nicaragua.

Incumbents
President: Patricio Rivas (de jure), William Walker (de facto)

Events

Births

Deaths

References

Years in Nicaragua


title: Compania Cervecera de Canarias

text:
The Compañía Cervecera de Canarias (CCC) is a brewery based in Santa Cruz de Tenerife that was founded in 1939 when it started to make a beer that is today called Dorada. In 1994 it merged with the Sociedad Industrial Canaria (Sical) based in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, which traced it roots back to the La Tropical brewery founded in 1924. Today the company is part of the international group AB InBev, following the successful merger between SAB Miller and AB InBev.

Sociedad Industrial Canaria (Sical)

In 1924, entrepreneur Castor Gómez Navarro founded the brewing company La Tropical in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, but the start of the Spanish Civil War led to its bankruptcy and it was acquired by a group of entrepreneurs who created the Sociedad Industrial Canaria. The production of this new society went beyond the scope of a brewer, and was involved in other sectors such as coffee, chocolate and fishing.

The opening in 1960 of the Barranco Seco factory in Las Palmas was the beginning of the expansion of the company, becoming the leading company producing beers in the Canaries and one of the largest local businesses. Its product name was Tropical, which continues to be marketed.

Compañía Cervecera de Canarias (Cercasa)

In August 1939, a group of Canarian businessmen headed by Maximino Acea Perdomo founded the first brewery on the island of Tenerife, the Compañía Cervecera de Canarias (Cercasa) in Santa Cruz.

The company launch occurred in turbulent times, Spain was plunged into the war and the rest of the world was preparing for World War II. As a result, the equipment that was purchased in Germany could not reach Tenerife through the end of 1945. In July 1948 the first beer was bottled under the supervision of the German brewmaster Hans Carlos. CCC was the name of that beer, which in the 1960s was renamed Dorada. In the 1970s, a new modern factory opened, contributing to the expansion of the company.

Recent achievements of the brand include being awarded the gold medal by the International Institute for Quality Selections, in its Monde Selection 2011 contest for its Dorada, Dorada Especial and Dorada Sin products. In the International Taste & Quality Institute, an independent organization of chefs and sommeliers based in Brussels, at its Superior Taste Award, Dorada Especial was awarded two stars.

Products
 Dorada
 Dorada Especial
 Dorada Sin
 Tropical
 Tropical Premium
 Tropical Limón

References

External links
 Official website (in Spanish)

Beer in Spain
Companies of the Canary Islands
Santa Cruz de Tenerife


title: 2011 in the Netherlands

text:
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2011.

Incumbents
Monarch: Beatrix
Prime Minister: Mark Rutte

Events

January
 1: The BES-islands(Saba, Saint Eustatius and Bonaire) exchange their Antillean guilder for the American dollar.
5: In Moerdijk 23.500 liters of toxic and corrosive liquids escape during a large fire on the Chemie-Pack property.
 8: Feyenoord says farewell to soccer legend Coen Moulijn.
 11: A month after quitting as party chair of GreenLeft Femke Halsema leaves Congress.

February
 1: Air-defense and Command-frigate Hr. Ms. Tromp leaves her home port of Den Helder towards the waters around Somalia to take part in the anti-piracy mission Atalanta.
 11: Karlo Timmerman wins the alternative elfstedentocht on the Austrian Weissensee over a length of 200 kilometers. Mariska Huisman wins the woman's division.
 28: 3 crew-members of a military helicopter are captured by Libyan militias. They flew with their Lynx of the Hr. Ms. Tromp to Sirte and landed there without permission.

March
 9: The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways) are handed a record fine of 2 million euro due to not complying with performance agreements with the government.
 10-11: The 3 military crew-members are released during the night after intensive diplomatic discussions.

April
 9: Alphen aan den Rijn shopping mall shooting

May

June

July
 7: During the expansion of the Grolsch Veste an accident occurs with a lifting crane and makes part of the roof collapse. 2 people die and 14 others are injured.
 15: Zendstation Smilde in Hoogersmilde partly collapses after a fire.

August

September

October
 2: The Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum reopens her doors for visitors.
 31: An investigation into social-psychology papers uncovered massive amount of academic fraud at Dutch Universities. At least 30 papers by psychologist Diederik Stapel are found to have been faked.

November
 12: The national arrival of Sinterklaas takes place in Dordrecht this year.

December
 21: Astronaut André Kuipers starts his second space travel from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan; he stays at the ISS for almost half a year.
 29: Theater 't Speelhuis in Helmond is destroyed by a very large fire; the fire also damages several cube houses.

Elections
Dutch provincial elections, 2011

Sports
 February 4: Ellen van Dijk wins the 2011 Ladies Tour of Qatar, including the youth and points classifications.

See also
2011–12 Eredivisie
2010–11 Eerste Divisie
2011–12 KNVB Cup
2011 Johan Cruijff Schaal
2011 Baseball World Cup
Netherlands national football team 2011

See also
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011
Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2011
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2011
List of number-one albums of 2011 (Netherlands)
2011 in Dutch television

References

Years of the 21st century in the Netherlands
2010s in the Netherlands
Netherlands


title: Hot 25 Countdown

text:
The Hot 25 Countdown was a weekly Australian Christian music radio program.

The show was produced in Brisbane, Queensland and was hosted by 96five Family FM breakfast announcer, Steve Lanzon.

The Hot 25 Countdown commenced in 1990 and was heard on numerous radio stations in over 600 towns and cities across the country, including in all Australian capital cities. After 27 years, the Hot 25 Countdown was ended in 2017/18, when Steve Lanzon went to co-host Ken, Nicky and Steve.

Capital city stations that broadcast the program include Sydney's Hope 103.2, Melbourne's Light FM, Adelaide's Life FM, Perth's Sonshine FM, Hobart's Ultra106five, Darwin's 97 Seven, Canberra's 1WAY FM and Brisbane's 96five Family FM.

The Vision Radio Network and the commercial Flow FM network also broadcast the program.

The Hot 25 Countdown was also heard in the United States of America on Life985 in New Jersey.

The show features the 25 most popular songs on the Australian Christian music chart, counted down from 25 to 1.  Additionally, the show includes interviews and discussions about Christian bands and the music they release.

References

External links
 Hot 25 Countdown

Australian music radio programs
1990s Australian radio programs
2000s Australian radio programs
2010s Australian radio programs


title: Manship Farmstead

text:
Manship Farmstead is a historic farmstead and national historic district located near Tatum, Marlboro County, South Carolina. The district encompasses seven contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing object in an early 20th century agricultural complex.  They consist of the main house (1906), outbuildings (commissary/carriage house, warehouse, two barns, tobacco barn, tenant house, and well house), a farm bell, the Manship family cemetery, and associated historic rural landscape.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

References

Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1906
National Register of Historic Places in Marlboro County, South Carolina
1906 establishments in South Carolina


title: 1869 in Bolivia

text:
Events in the year 1869 in Bolivia.

Incumbents
President: Mariano Melgarejo

Events

Births
July 8 - Daniel Salamanca Urey, President 1931-1934

Deaths

1860s in Bolivia
Years of the 19th century in Bolivia


title: Marek Lieberberg

text:
Marek Lieberberg (born 7 May 1946) is a German concert promoter, best known for founding and organising the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals.
In 2013, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award at the European Festivals Awards.

As a musician
He played from 1964 till 1967 in the band The Rangers (consisting of: Ludwig Ickert, Robert Wolf, Marek Lieberberg, Jürgen Kessner & Axel Schürmann). They also named themself The Trembles and The Sad Sack Set.
 On 21 October 1966, they were guests on the German television show Beat Beat Beat. The band is also featured in the book "Die Beat Bible". In 1967, the newspaper Bild wrote articles about them. CBS sued them on 24 February 1967 because the name of a band under CBS contract sounded very similar. They lost the case and gave the money they made by selling their music to CBS. They renamed to "New Rangers" but split up shortly after.

Discography

 Lovers Of The World Unite (1966)
 The Trembles - Here Comes My Baby / Baby Stop That Playin' Around (7" Single, 1967)
 The Rangers - Black Is Black (7" SIngle 1966)
 The Rangers -  I Found a Love (7" Single, 1967)
 Sad Sack Set - Number One / The World For Us (7" SIngle, 1967)
 The Rangers - The Rangers (LP)
 The Rangers - These Boots Are Made For Walking (1967)
 The Rangers - Very Last Day (1967)
 The Rangers - Look Through Any Window (1967)
 The Rangers - Long Valley Road (1993)

See also
 Live Nation Entertainment

References

External links
 Official website

Living people
Music promoters
20th-century German Jews
1946 births


Singing in the Twins Wonderland (Volume 3) is an album by Hong Kong girl duo Twins. It is the third album in their series of their children's albums. It was released in April 2004. Whole four albums of "Singing in the Twins Wonderland" had a great success because they became very popular among children. Twins had one more album released for children, named Singing in the Twins Wonderland (Volume 4).

Background
The album was recorded in 2003, along with other first two albums in series. The first, Singing in the Twins Wonderland (Volume 1) is released in November 2003. The second album is released in the same month, and it had also very good success like the first one, but it did not make the same success. Their third album is released on April 3, 2004. It had a good success.

Track listing
"The Music Room"
"I've Got No Strings"
"Good Morning to You"
"Did You Ever See a Lassie?"
"The Library"
"Cuckoo Clock"
"Sing a Song"
"Ding Dong Bell"
"Hide and Seek"
"Are You Sleeping?"
"Can You Tell Me What This Is?"
"Follow Me"
"I Have Two Hands"
"On the Way to School"
"Donkey Donkey"
"Boy & Girl"
"Ten Green Bottles"
"The Hokey Pokey"
"Merry-Go-Round"
"By the Beach"

References

External links

2004 albums
Twins (group) albums


title: Thyagu (actor)

text:
Thyagu  (born 5 February 1958) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Tamil films. He is the grandson of violinist Kumbakonam Rajamanickam Pillai.

Career
Beginning as a protagonist, Thyagu played roles in Oru Thalai Ragam and Palaivana Solai, before playing antagonistic roles in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In the 2000s, he often formed an association with Vadivelu and would appear in a few scenes in films he had signed for, occasionally portraying comedy roles. His recent work includes roles in Kuselan as well as a politician in the Singam series.

In 2011, Thyagu quit the DMK political party, whom he had been associated with for twenty-eight years. Soon after his split, he lamented the leader Karunanidhi's broken promise of honouring Thyagu's grandfather with a postage stamp as a reason of his departure.

Selected filmography

References

External links

Living people
Tamil comedians
Male actors from Tamil Nadu
Male actors in Tamil cinema
1950 births
People from Thanjavur district
Indian male comedians
Tamil male actors
20th-century Indian male actors
21st-century Indian male actors


title: Garber House (Goshen, New Hampshire)

text:
The Garber House is a historic house on Lempster Coach Road in Goshen, New Hampshire.  Built about 1835, it is one of a cluster of plank-frame houses in the rural community, which at one time had an unusually fine Greek Revival entry surround. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 1985.

Description and history
The Garber House stands on more than  in rural southern Goshen, on the west side of Lempster Coach Road, about  south of its junction with New Hampshire Route 31.  It is a -story wooden structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and central chimney.  The walls are formed out of vertically oriented wooden planking which is three inches think, with lateral stability provided by wooden dowels.  It is five bays wide, with the center entrance flanked by sash windows.  The entry has sidelight windows, and originally had a more elaborate Greek Revival framing.  An ell, possibly once a small barn, extends to the west of the main block at a recess, with a covered porch in front.

The house was built about 1835, and is one of a cluster of houses built using this unusual construction method in Goshen.   Its sophisticated Greek Revival entry surround was one of just two identified in the town during an architectural survey performed in the 1980s (the other is the Burford House).

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
Greek Revival houses in New Hampshire
Houses completed in 1835
Houses in Goshen, New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire


title: La Nouvelle Internationale

text:
La nouvelle internationale ('The New International') was a weekly newspaper published from Geneva, Switzerland between May 1, 1917 and April 1921. The newspaper was founded by Charles Hubacher and Henri Guilbeaux as a successor of Le Peuple suisse. La nouvelle internationale was based on the principles of the Zimmerwald Left. It carried the byline 'Newspaper of the internationalist socialist workers'. Apart from Hubacher, another notable editor was Ernest Brunner. On May 1, 1921 La nouvelle internationale was superseded by l'Avant-garde.

References

1917 establishments in Switzerland
1921 disestablishments in Switzerland
Communist newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Switzerland
Defunct weekly newspapers
French-language newspapers published in Switzerland
Newspapers published in Geneva
Newspapers established in 1917
Publications disestablished in 1921
Weekly newspapers published in Switzerland


title: Radiocarbon (journal)

text:
Radiocarbon is a scientific journal devoted to the topic of radiocarbon dating.

It was founded in 1959 as a supplement to the American Journal of Science, and is an important source of data and information about radiocarbon dating.  It publishes many radiocarbon results, and since 1979 it has published the proceedings of the international conferences on radiocarbon dating.  The journal is published six times per year.  it is published by Cambridge University Press.

See also
 Carbon-14

References

External links

Radiocarbon at the University of Arizona
Radiocarbon archives (1959-2012) at the University of Arizona Campus Repository

Radiocarbon dating
Academic journals established in 1959
Cambridge University Press academic journals
Bimonthly journals
University of Arizona


title: Chapel of Saint George Pachymachiotis

text:
The Chapel of Saint George Pachymachiotis () is a chapel and a church in the Greek town of Lindos, in Rhodes, dedicated to Saint George.

The church was built in the late 14th century and it lies in the historical center of the ancient town of Lindos.

References

14th-century churches in Greece
Buildings and structures in Rhodes


title: 1882 in Bolivia

text:
Events in the year 1882 in Bolivia.

Incumbents
President: Narciso Campero

Events

Births
January 12 - José Luis Tejada Sorzano, President 1934-1936

Deaths

1880s in Bolivia


title: Reusable packaging

text:
Reusable packaging is manufactured of durable materials and is specifically designed for multiple trips and extended life. A reusable package or container is "designed for reuse without impairment of its protective function." The term returnable is sometimes used interchangeably but it can also include returning packages or components for other than reuse: recycling, disposal, incineration, etc. Typically, the materials used to make returnable packaging include steel, wood, polypropylene sheets or other plastic materials.

Reusability of packaging is an important consideration of the environmental credo of "reduce, reuse, and recycle". It is also important to the movement toward more sustainable packaging. Returnable packaging is encouraged by regulators.

Shipping containers
For many years, several types of shipping containers have been returnable and reusable. These have made most sense when a reverse logistics system is available or can be readily developed. A return, reconditioning, and reuse system can save money on the cost per shipment and can reduce the environmental footprint of the packaging.

Manufacturing, particularly the automotive industry, has used heavy-duty returnable racks for shipping hoods, fenders, engines, dashboards, etc. from suppliers to final assembly plants. The racks are then returned for the next shipment cycle.

Bulk foods, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals are often shipped in reusable and returnable containers. These need to be carefully inspected, cleaned and sanitized as part of the reuse cycle. An effective quality management system is necessary.

Wooden pallets are often made to be expendable, for a single shipment. Others are heavy duty and intended for multiple shipments. Some are in "pallet pools" which are used, inspected, and refurbished for extended usage.

Often reusable industrial shipping containers have bar code labels or radio-frequency identification (RFID) chips to help identify and route the containers.

Use in the automotive industry
Automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) use and encourage the use of returnable packaging to move components from their vendors to their factories. The components are placed in returnable packaging and are at times and arranged in a way that facilitates movement straight to assemble lines. Such packaging replaces traditional corrugated cartons, thereby helping companies cut costs by avoiding wastage and effort required in disposing the cartons. It also helps in reducing the environmental footprint of the automotive industry.

Other advantages of using returnable packaging include avoiding damages to parts in while in transit. Parts are at times placed in specially designed receptacles for easy picking on the assembly line contributing to fewer mistakes and simpler inventory management.

A few examples of returnable packaging in automotive industry:

Consumer packaging and containers

Several types of consumer containers have been in reuse systems. Reusable bottles for milk, soda, and beer have been part of closed-loop use-return-clean-refill-reuse cycles. Food storage containers are typically reusable. Thick plastic water bottles are promoted as an environmental improvement over thin single-use water bottles. Some plastic cups can be re-used, though most are disposable.

Home canning often uses glass mason jars which are often reused several times.

Many non-food types of containers, including reusable shopping bags, and luggage, are designed to be reused by consumers.

With any food packaging, proper cleaning and disinfecting between each use is critical to health.

In September 2019, the UK Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee released a report claiming that the official intervention should encourage more shops to offer refillable options instead of traditional single-use packing.

Reuse for other purposes

Used packages are often reused for purposes other than their primary use. For example, a single-use plastic shopping bag might be reused as a bin bag, a household storage bag or a dog faeces bag. Steel drums can be reused as traffic barricades, dock flotation, and as musical instruments

Justification
Reusable packaging often costs more initially and uses more and different materials than single-use packaging. It often requires adding complexity to the distribution system. Not all packaging justifies being returnable and reusable.

A thorough cost analysis is required. This involves all of the material, labor, transport, inspection, refurbishing, cleaning, and management costs. Often these costs may be incurred by different companies with different cost structures.

The environmental costs and benefits can also be complex.  The material, energy, pollution, etc. needs to be accounted for throughout the entire system. A life cycle assessment offers a good methodology for this task.

See also
Pallet crafts

Resealable packaging
Reverse logistics
Shaker-style pantry box
Systainer
Closed-loop box reuse
32 mm cabinetmaking system, a standard for shelving

References

Books, general references
Design Criteria for Specialized Shipping Containers, US DoD, Mil-Std 648D, 1999,
McKinlay, A. H., "Transport Packaging", Institute of Packaging Professionals, 2004
 Yam, K.L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
Industry Associations
 National Wooden Pallet and Container Association
 Reusable Packaging Association
 Reusable Industrial Packaging Association

Brand management
Product management
Reuse
Containers


title: List of years in Bulgaria

text:
This is a list of years in Bulgaria.

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also
Cities in Bulgaria
 Timeline of Plovdiv
 Timeline of Sofia
 Timeline of Varna

Further reading

External links

Bulgaria history-related lists
Bulgaria


title: Andrew Kuder

text:
Andrew Kuder (1838 - April 30, 1899) was an American soldier who fought in the American Civil War. Kuder received his country's highest award for bravery during combat, the Medal of Honor. Kuder's medal was won for capturing the flag during the Battle of Waynesboro on March 2, 1865. He was honored with the award on March 26, 1865.

Kuder was born in Groveland, New York, entered service in Rochester, and was buried in Conesus, New York.

Medal of Honor citation

See also
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

References

1838 births
1899 deaths
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Groveland, New York


title: 1939 in Bolivia

text:
Events in the year 1939 in Bolivia.

Incumbents
President: Germán Busch (until 23 August), Carlos Quintanilla (Interim president) (starting 23 August)
Vice President: Enrique Baldivieso (PSU) (until 24 April), vacant (until 4 December), none (starting 4 December)

Events

 24 April – President Germán Busch dismisses the assembly and declares dictatorial rule.
 23 August – President Germán Busch commits suicide by gunshot. The armed forces appoints the commander-in-chief of the army General Carlos Quintanilla interim president.
6 October – General elections are called for 10 March 1940.
4 December – The office of vice president is abolished by decree in order to circumvent claims of constitutional succession by former vice president Enrique Baldivieso.

Births
15 April – Jaime Paz Zamora, 32nd Vice President of Bolivia, 60th President of Bolivia

Deaths
1 May – Bautista Saavedra, 29th President of Bolivia (b. 1870)
23 August – Germán Busch, 36th President of Bolivia (b. 1904)
12 September – Eliodoro Villazón, 27th President of Bolivia, oldest living state leader to that point (b.1848)

References

1930s in Bolivia


title: Clio Historic District

text:
Clio Historic District is a national historic district located at Clio, Marlboro County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 132 contributing buildings in the town of Clio.  It includes vernacular commercial, residential, and religious buildings built from about 1895 until about 1920.  Design influences include the Queen Anne, Classical Revival, and Colonial Revival styles.  Notable buildings include the Bennett-Sistare House, J.C. Covington House, Henry Bennett-Cheras House, Sternberger-Welch-Hamer House, Clio Baptist Church, Edens Opera House, and Bank of Clio.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Queen Anne architecture in South Carolina
Colonial Revival architecture in South Carolina
Neoclassical architecture in South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Marlboro County, South Carolina


title: List of reptiles of Sri Lanka

text:
This is a list of reptiles of Sri Lanka.

The reptilian diversity in Sri Lanka is higher than the diversity of other vertebrates such as mammals and fish with 181 reptile species. All extant reptiles are well documented through research by many local and foreign scientists and naturalists. Sri Lankan herpetologist, Anslem de Silva largely studied the biology and ecology of Sri Lanka snakes, where he documented 96 species of land and sea snakes. Five genera are endemic to Sri Lanka - Aspidura, Balanophis, Cercaspis, Haplocercus, and Pseudotyphlops. Out of them only five of the land snakes are considered potentially deadly and life threatening to humans. Among snakes, 54 are endemic to Sri Lanka. The total increased to 107 with new descriptions of Dendrelaphis, Rhinophis, Aspidura and Dryocalamus.

Lizard diversity in the island has been documented and studied by many local scientists and researchers such as Imesh Nuwan Bandara, Kalana Maduwage, Anjana Silva, Rohan Pethiyagoda, and Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi. There are 111 lizards known from Sri Lanka, with 17 newly discovered in 2006, and two more in 2016 and 2017. One of species was discovered in 2019 from Ensalwatta, Matara. In 2019, seven more endemic day geckos have been discovered by Suranjan Karunaratne and Mendis Wickramasinghe. In December 2019, three more endemic geckos were discovered. In May 2020, another endemic skink was discovered. Three new day gecko species were discovered in 2021.

Apart from them, Sri Lanka is home to two species of crocodiles, and nine species of turtles.

This is a list of reptiles found in Sri Lanka.

Order: Squamata - scaled reptiles

Suborder: Serpentes - snakes

Family: Acrochordidae - wart snakes

Family: Boidae - boas

Family: Pythonidae - pythons

Family: Colubridae - colubers

Family: Cylindrophiidae - pipe snakes

Family: Elapidae - elapids

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae - sea snakes

Family: Typhlopidae - blind snakes

Family: Uropeltidae - shield-tailed snakes

Family: Viperidae - vipers and pit vipers

Suborder: Lacertilia - lizards

Family: Agamidae - agamid lizards

Family: Chamaeleonidae - chameleons

Family: Gekkonidae - geckoes

Family: Lacertidae - wall lizards

Family: Scincidae - skinks

Family: Varanidae - monitor lizards

Order: Crocodilia - crocodiles

Family: Crocodylidae - true crocodiles

Order: Testudines - turtles

Family: Bataguridae - Asian terrapins

Family: Cheloniidae - sea turtles

Family: Dermochelyidae - leatherback turtles

Family: Emydidae - American hard-shelled turtles

Family: Testudinidae - tortoises

Family: Trionychidae - softshells

References

External links
  SrilLankanReptiles.com
 Wildreach.com

.
Reptiles
Sri Lanka
Taxa named by Anslem de Silva
Sri Lanka


title: List of years in Estonia

text:
This is a list of years in Estonia.

20th century

21st century

See also
 Timeline of Estonian history
List of years by country

Estonia history-related lists
Estonia


title: Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi

text:
Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi (, ) (1838 - 1902) popularly known as Muhaddis Noori / Al-Mohaddith Al-Noori, was a Shi'a Islamic Scholar and Shi'a Renaissance.

He came from the town of Noor, Northern Iran in province Tabarestan and was a descendant of the Paduspanids, Spahbed of East dynasty. Mirza Husain Nouri  died at the age of 66 years in Najaf and was laid to rest on the right side of the entrance to the Mausoleum of Imam Ali.

Life
Noori was born on 18 Shawwal 1254 AH at the northern Iranian city of Nour in Mazandaran. Following the completion of his preliminary studies, he strove to scrutinize the vast hadith literature and became an authority in this regard.

Education
Noori studied in Iraq under Morteza Ansari and Mirza Mohammed Hassan Husseini Shirazi. He was an authority on Islamic sciences, including hadith, exegesis of the Holy Qur'an, theology, and biography of ulema.

Noori's masters were:
  Clergyman Mola Fatholah Soltan Abadi
  Molla Shekh Ali Khalili, the jurisprudent
  Mo’ez aldin Seyed Mehdi Ghazvini
  Mirza Mohammad Hashem Khansari
  Ayatollah Haj Molla Kani

Some of his Works

Noori was an authority on Islamic sciences, including hadith, exegesis of the Holy Qur'an, theology, and biography of ulema. He had numerous students, including Shaikh Abbas Qomi, the author of the famous prayer and supplication manual, "Mafatih al-Jinaan" (Keys of Paradise). He wrote numerous works in both Persian and Arabic, many of them were translated to other languages including English and Urdu. His works include:

 Mustadrak al-Wasāʼil wa-mustanbaṭ al-masāʼil. One of the Shia Hadith-collection books comprising approximately 18 volumes.
Mustadrak Al-vasayel and Mustanbetu Al-Ahkam by Mirza Hossein Noori (1320 AD.). This book included many Hadiths which dropped from the vasayel Al-shia.<>The Primary Sources of Shia Jurisprudence* |모 자 파 리**| , 제35권 제3호 [2015. 02]: 143~166, Mohammad Hassan Mozafari</ref>
 Mustanbetu Al-Ahkam by Mirza Hossein Noori
 An-Najm Al-Thāqib fī Aḥwāl Al-Imām Al-Ḥujja Al-Ghāʼeb (translated to English as the Shooting star). A comprehensive book regarding the twelfth Imam of Twelver Shias, written originally in Persian, and was translated lately to English, Arabic and Urdu. English Translation of: The Shooting Star - An-Najmus Saaqib Fee Ahwaal-e-Imaamul Ghaaeb in PDF format
 Kashf Al-Astār ʿAn Wajh Al-Ghāʼeb ʿAn Al-Abṣār. A refutation to Sunnis regarding the twelfth Imam too, written in Arabic.
 Jannat Al-Maʼwā fīman Fāz Biliqāʼ Al-Ḥujja fī Al-Ghayba Al-Kubrā. A collection of tales of those who claim to have met the twelfth Imam during the Major Occultation period, and it was written in Arabic.
 Nafas Ar-Raḥmān fī Faḍāʼil Salmān. A  biography of Salman the Persian.
 Al-Fayḍ Al-Qudsī fī tarjamat al-ʿAllāmah al-Majlisī. A comprehensive biography of the 17th century renowned cleric Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, and it was printed with Biḥār al-Anwār, and lately printed again separately.
 Faṣl al-khiṭāb fī ithbāt taḥrīf kitāb Rabb al-arbāb  Shīʻah > Shīʻah Doctrines, Published 1881, al-Nūrī al-Ṭabarsī,
HathiTrust Digital Library.
 Min Behar Al Anwar Maa Takmila (Digital Library of India Item 2015.324119).
 Dār As-Salām fīmā Yataʿallaq Bi Ar-Ruʼyā wal Manām. A treatise on dreams interpretation.
 Jannat al-Maʼwá : fī dhikr man fāza bi-liqāʼ al-ḥujjah, 3 editions published in 1992 in Arabic
 The shooting star : English translation of An-Najmus saaqib fee ahwaal-e-Imaamul ghaaeb : an account of the concealment of Imam Mahdi (a.s.), the twelfth Imam of the twelver Shia Muslims (1 edition published in 2009 in English)
 Najm al-s̲āqib : mushtamil bar, aḥvāl-i Imām-i Ghāʼib (4 editions published between 1989 and 1996 in Persian)
 al-Ṣaḥīfah al-ʻAlawīyah al-mubārakah al-thānīyah : min adʻīyat al-Imām ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib
 Kashf al-astār ʻan wajh al-ghāʼib ʻan al-abṣār (5 editions published between 1992 and 2011 in Arabic and Persian)
 Kitāb kalimah ṭayyibah (in Persian)
 Risālah fī ādāb al-mujāwarah : mujāwarat mashāhid al-Aʼimmah
 al-Najm al-thāqib fī aḥwāl al-Imām al-Ḥujjah al-Ghāʼib
 Supplement to Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ḥurr al-ʻĀmilī's Wasāʼil al-Shīʻah ilá taḥṣīl masāʼil al-sharīʻah
 Fayz̤-i qudsī : zindagīnāmah-i ʻAllāmh Muḥammad Bāqir Majlisī (2 editions published in 1995 in Persian)
 Taḥiyat al-zāʼir wa-bulqhat al-mujāwir (2 editions published in 1909 in Persian)
 Kalimah ṭayyibah (3 editions published between 1885 and 1924 in Persian)

Death
Noori died in Najaf, aged 66, on 27 Jumada al-Thani 1320 AH. He was buried on the right side of the entrance to the Mausoleum of Imam Ali.

Allameh Mohaddes Nouri University

Allameh Mohaddes Nouri University or AMNU (), formerly known as Institute of Higher Education, is a non-governmental and non-profit university which was founded in 1996 in the town of Noor, Iran through an official license from Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) with the mission to advance knowledge, science and technology, and train competent and creative talents at undergraduate and graduate levels. It was named after Noori's name.

Notes

Iranian Shia clerics
1838 births
1902 deaths
Burials at Imam Ali Mosque
People from Nur, Iran


title: 2012 in the Netherlands

text:
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2012.

Incumbents
Monarch: Beatrix
Prime Minister: Mark Rutte

Events

January
 2: Fire in the Goffert Stadium in Nijmegen.
 3-7: High water by a Northwestern storm, together with heavy rainfall, causes water inconveniences in the Western and Northern parts of the country.
 9: The Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM) reports the discovery of Metslawier-south, the largest gas field on dry land since 1995.
 13: Joran van der Sloot is sentenced by a Peruvian court to 28 years in jail for the murder of Stephany Flores in 2010.
 13: The price of gasoline matches its highest level ever. The asking price of gasoline is 1,757 euro per liter, making it 10 to 20 cents higher than in neighboring countries.
 21: Laura Dekker arrives in Sint Maarten after a 518-day sailing trip around the world, making her youngest solo-sailor to sail around the world.
 24: The oldest authentic museum building in The Netherlands, Het Teylers Museum in Haarlem, announces to co-operate with Wikipedia.
 27: Willem Holleeder is released from prison after serving 2/3 of his jail term.
 29: Speedskater Stefan Groothuis wins the world championship sprint at the Olympic Oval in Calgary.

February
 1: The banks completely switch to SEPA for credit transfers.
 3-4: Heavy snowfall causes many problems on the road in The Netherlands and other parts of Europe.
 10: After hackers put the supposed data of hundreds of KPN customers online, at least 2 million customers have their mailboxes blocked for a day.
 17: Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau is caught in an avalanche whilst skiing in Lech, Austria; the accident results in a severe brain injury that leaves the prince in a coma.
 18: The Dutch polonaise record was broken in the Brabanthallen in 's-Hertogenbosch. It first stood at 1100 and is now bested with 1723 participants.
 20: Labour Party politician Job Cohen announces to step down as party leader and chair of the congress fraction.

March
 3: The first Apple Store in The Netherlands opens in Amsterdam.
 6: Teachers protest in the Amsterdam ArenA against announced cutbacks of 300 million euro.
 20: Politician Hero Brinkman leaves the Party for Freedom (PVV) and continues in congress as an independent member.
 30: Because of structurally disappointing ad revenues, the free daily newspaper De Press prints its final edition.

April
 2: The Friesland Bank is no longer capable to run as an independent bank and is taken over by the Rabobank. For the time being, the bank is run as a subsidiary of the Rabobank.
 4: Phone and internet traffic is disrupted for many customers of Vodafone in the southern part of the Randstad, because of a fire in Rotterdam.
 5: Start of the Floriade in Venlo.
 8: In Espelo, Overijssel, a new world record is established by creating the highest bonfire ever. The bonfire had a height of 45,98 meters and a width of 160 meters.
 11: The Parliamentary survey into the Financial System reveals that the Dutch government made some serious mistakes in 2008, during the rescue of Fortis, ABN AMRO and ING with billions of euros during the financial crisis, according to the published report of the De Wit Commission.
 17-19: The Turkish president Abdullah Gül comes for a state visit to The Netherlands because of 400 years of friendly relations between the two countries. In 1612, the capitulation treaty between the Dutch Republic and the Ottoman Empire was signed. The state visit starts off on the Dam in Amsterdam.
 21: Negotiations fail over new budget cuts; CDA, VVD and PVV can't agree on billions in cuts. PVV leader Geert Wilders leaves the Catshuis and stops permitting the current administration. The fall of the first Rutte administration seems inevitable.
 21: Sloterdijk train collision: 2 trains frontally collide between Amsterdam Sloterdijk station and Amsterdam Centraal station, resulting in 1 fatality and 125 injured people.
 23: The Rutte I administration falls. Mark Rutte offers his resignation to the Queen.
 30: During Queen's Day, the municipalities of Rhenen and Veenendaal are visited by Queen Beatrix.

May
 1: Street dealers increase disturbances on the streets when the "Weed Pass" is introduced in the provinces of Zeeland, Limburg and North Brabant.
 5: Dutch author David Pefko wins the Gouden Boekenuil, the most important literature prize in Flanders, for his novel "Het voorseizoen".
 7: Writer A.F.Th. van der Heijden wins the Libris Literatuur Prijs for his novel "Tonio".

June

July
 1: Astronaut André Kuipers returns to earth after spending more than half a year in outer space.
 18: 2 cars are used in an assault on the municipal office in Waalre. The fire that follows destroys the building completely.
 22: The residents of approximately 180 homes are evacuated because of asbestos pollution in the Kanaleneiland neighborhood of Utrecht.

August
 4: 13 people get injured and end up in the hospital after a sudden storm causes a marquee to collapse during the music festival of Dicky Woodstock near the village of Steenwijkerwold.

September
 21: Project X Haren started as a public invitation to a birthday party on Facebook, but ended up as a gathering of thousands of youths causing riots on 21 September 2012 in the town of Haren, Groningen, Netherlands.
 22: The Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam is reopened by Queen Beatrix after a renovation period of 8 years. The museum has been expanded with a new futuristic extension (nicknamed "The bathtub"); it reopened for the public the next day.
 25: Anouchka van Miltenburg (VVD) succeeds Gerdi Verbeet (Labour Party) as chair of congress. With 90 of the 146 valid votes, she bested Khadija Arib of the Labour Party and Gerard Schouw of D66.

October
 5: The party leaders of GreenLeft revoke their trust in fraction leader Jolande Sap after the disastrous result in the general elections. She steps down and so does the party executive committee the following day.
 16: During an art heist in the Kunsthal in Rotterdam, several paintings of Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Paul Gauguin, Meijer de Haan and Lucian Freud are stolen.
 22: Jos van Rey VVD quits as alderman of Roermond and as a member of the Senate after being suspected of corruption and leaking information. The next day, the entire VVD fraction walks out of the municipal council coalition in Roermond.
 29:  Political leaders Mark Rutte VVD and Diederik Samsom Labour Party report in a press conference that the negotiations between both parties about the coalition agreement are finished.

November
 5: The heads of the Rutte II administration are sworn in at the Paleis Huis ten Bosch.
 9: After objections within the VVD, the coalition agreement of the Rutte II administration is revised. The announced income dependency of the health insurance premium is of the table.
 17: Sinterklaas arrives in Roermond.
 19: A suspect is arrested for the murder of Marianne Vaatstra in 1999. The suspect was found after a DNA kinship research.

December
1: The 10th edition of the Junior Eurovision song contest takes place in the Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam.
 6: Queen Beatrix officially opens the Hanzelijn (railway line between Lelystad and Zwolle) with a ride in the Royal train.
 6: Co Verdaas steps down as state-secretary of Economic Affairs due to the commotion over his unlawful declarations during his time as deputy of Gelderland.
9: The Benelux train between Amsterdam and Brussels is replaced by the high velocity train Fyra.
 24: DJs Gerard Ekdom, Michiel Veenstra and Giel Beelen collect €12,251,667 with 3FM Serious Request 2012.
 31: The GPD, the press agency of many Dutch and Flemish newspapers, sends its last message after 76 years of service. In 2013, publisher Wegener will start their own press service, making GPD lose its most important customer and cease existence.

Elections
Dutch general election, 2012 took place on September 12. Mark Rutte won the election.

Sports
April 20–21: Ellen van Dijk wins both the time trial and road race at the 2012 EPZ Omloop van Borsele
August 25–27: Ellen van Dijk wins the 2012 Lotto-Decca Tour
October 21: Wilson Chebet wins the Amsterdam Marathon

Deaths
June 2: Jan Gmelich Meijling, Dutch commander and politician (b. 1943)

See also
2012–13 Eredivisie
2011–12 Eerste Divisie
2012–13 KNVB Cup
2012 Johan Cruijff Schaal
Netherlands national football team 2012
Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Netherlands at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Netherlands at the 2012 UCI Road World Championships
Netherlands at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics
Netherlands at the 2012 UEC European Track Championships

See also
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012
Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2012
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2012
2012 in Dutch television

References

Netherlands
Years of the 21st century in the Netherlands
2010s in the Netherlands
Netherlands


title: Bay of Txingudi

text:
The Bay of Txingudi (, , ) is a bay in the right or French bank of the estuary of the Bidasoa river, near Hendaye in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in south-west France. It faces the town of Hondarribia and the airport of San Sebastián in the Gipuzkoa province of the Basque Country, in north-eastern Spain. The border between the two countries passes through the Bidasoa estuary. It is an important area for bird-watching.

The name may, by extension, be applied to the whole body of water between the French and Spanish sides. The coastal marshes on the Spanish side have been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2002.

References

Landforms of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Gipuzkoa
Bays of Metropolitan France
Ramsar sites in Spain


title: Melomania (radio show)

text:
Melomania was an Australian music radio show. First broadcast in 2008, it was based at 5TCB FM in Bordertown, South Australia, and syndicated to radio stations in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Sweden and United Kingdom. It was hosted by Scad, Hollie and Troy, and features a variety of music genres, with a skew towards country music.

The show retired in 2020 as per an announcement on their Facebook page

"It has been mixed emotions at Melomania HQ as we have decided to retire the show. Melomania has always been a passion project that has aired weekly on radio stations around the world to promote new music, especially up and coming talent that you wouldn't necessarily hear anywhere else and ask questions that are of no benefit to anybody but nice to know all the same.
It was not an easy decision to make as there have been so many wonderful friendships and opportunities made over the years with radio stations, distributors, musicians, male strippers, coaches, writers, producers, actors, record companies, promoters, managers, listeners, and the best co-host Mandy and Hollie could have ever asked for.
Last not least thank you for listening over the years maybe sometimes confused and hopefully at times entertained.  We will be airing our final program within the next few weeks with Scad, Hollie and Mandy as normal as possible...well  for Melomania anyway.
Until next time scadio/cya/wokka wokka, maybe not forever but for the time being.
Final episode delivery on 23rd July."

The Facebook page has subsequently been deleted.

Syndicates

New South Wales
 2GCR FM103.3 Goulburn
 2MIA Griffith
 2GHR Greater Hume Radio Holbrook
 91.1 Spirit FM Narrandera
 2GRR Sydney
 TEM-FM Temora
 Sounds of the Mountains Tumut
 94.5 Gold West Wyalong
 Ten FM Tenterfield

Victoria
 Voice FM 99.9 Ballarat
 Fresh FM Bendigo
 Radio EMFM Echuca/Moama
 OKR FM Kilmore
 Highlands FM Kyneton
 Hit Radio 87.6 Seymour
 OAK FM 101.3 Wangaratta
 Yarra Valley FM Woori Yallock

Queensland
 Switch 1197 Brisbane
 Wild Horse FM 99.7 Yarraman

South Australia
 5YYY Whyalla
 5TCB FM Bordertown, South Australia

Western Australia
 Bunbury Community Radio Bunbury
 Radio MAMA Carnavon, Geraldton
 Collie Community Radio 1089am Collie

References

Air News
Southern Community Media Assosication

External links
 Melomania

Australian music radio programs
2000s Australian radio programs
2010s Australian radio programs


title: 2013 in the Netherlands

text:
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2013.

Incumbents
Monarch: Beatrix (abdicated, April 30), William-Alexander (ascended April 30)
Prime Minister: Mark Rutte

Events

January
 1: During New Year's Eve in Raard, a woman drives into a group of people, leaving 17 people injured. One of the victims later succumbs to his injuries.
 10: During the New Year's reception of the umbrella organization of independent financial advisers, 477 attendees pledge the bankers oath for the first time in the presence of minister Dijsselbloem.
 13: Sven Kramer becomes European ice-skating champion in the man's division and Ireen Wüst becomes champion in the woman's division.
 15: Bob de Vries wins the first marathon on natural ice of 2013 in Noordlaren. Mariska Huisman is the fastest in the woman's division.
 28: Beatrix, incumbent Queen of the Netherlands, announces that on 30 April, she will abdicate in favour of her son William-Alexander.

February
 5: The Sint-Clemenskerk in Nes (on the island Ameland) is destroyed in a fire.

March
 13: Prayer day for crops and labor.
 16: Poker player Ruben Visser wins in season 9 of the European Poker Tour in London; the prize money is £595,000.

April
 21: RTL News exposes a large scale fraud committed by Bulgarians criminals.
 30: Willem-Alexander becomes the new King of the Netherlands, the first male monarch in over 123 years, after his mother's abdication.

May
 6: After two brothers (7 and 9) are reported missing, their father is found dead a day later. The bodies of the two brothers are found on May 19 near a drainage tube in Cothen

June
 8: Journalist Judith Spiegel and her husband Boudewijn Berendsen are abducted in Yemen. They are released on 10 December.
 11: Led by the SER, an energy deal on the main lines comes to fruition between the political establishment, business community and environmental organizations.

July
 23: In amusement park Walibi Holland, a 10-year-old Israeli girl gets badly injured in a water attraction and loses her foot.
 25: In both The Netherlands and Belgium, a heatwave breaks out, the first of its kind since July 2006.

August
 4: A 23-year-old Polish man drowns near Callantsoog.
 12: Prince Friso is announced dead due to complications from his skiing accident in 2012.
 23: A 32-year-old Polish man drowns in the Piusharbor, Tilburg.

September
 8: A family tragedy takes place in Schoonloo: A father kills his three sons (10-year-old twins and a two-year-old) and himself.

October
 13:  DierenPark Amersfoort closes its gates for the second time in its history after a severe rainfall.
 15: Michel van Egmond's book "Gijp" wins the NS Publieksprijs voor het Nederlandse Boek. The book is about former soccer player and pundit René van der Gijp.
 28: Hurricane wind strengths are measured on the island of Vlieland and at Lauwersoog; the heaviest wind thrust is recorded at 152 km/h.

November
 12: The rare northern hawk-owl is spotted in Zwolle. The owl was last seen in 2005. In the previous 100 years, it had only been spotted 3 times.
 30: The Association Council of the AVRO and the Member Council of the TROS approve the merger proposition of the two public broadcasters. Starting 1 January 2014, both will continue as AVROTROS.

December
 2-7: Dutch bishops of the Roman Catholic Church make an ad limina visit to Pope Francis.

Sports

April 3–7: Ellen van Dijk wins the 2013 Energiewacht Tour
July 18–21 Netherlands at the 2013 European Road Championships
Floortje Mackaij wins the silver medal in the Women's junior time trial, the only medal for the Netherlands at the championships.
July 19 - August 4 Netherlands at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships
The Netherlands wins 1 gold and 3 bronze medals.
August 10–18 Netherlands at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics
The Netherlands wins 1 silver and 1 bronze medal.
September 3–8: Ellen van Dijk wins the 2013 Boels Rental Ladies Tour
September 22–29 Netherlands at the 2013 UCI Road World Championships
The Dutch team wins the medal table at the 2013 UCI Road World Championships in September with 3 gold and 1 silver medal.
Ellen van Dijk won gold in the Women's time trial, Marianne Vos in the Women's road race and Mathieu van der Poel in the  Men's junior road race.
October 18–20 Netherlands at the 2013 UEC European Track Championships
The Netherlands win 2 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medal.
October 20, Wilson Chebet wins the Amsterdam Marathon for the 2nd time in a row.

See also
2013–14 Eredivisie
2012–13 Eerste Divisie
2013–14 KNVB Cup
2013 Johan Cruijff Schaal
Netherlands national football team 2013

Deaths
15 February - Giovanni Narcis Hakkenberg, war hero (b. 1923)
10 June – Saskia Holleman, actress, lawyer and model (b. 1945).

See also
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Netherlands in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2013
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2013
2013 in Dutch television

References

Netherlands
Years of the 21st century in the Netherlands
2010s in the Netherlands
Netherlands


title: 2014 in the Netherlands

text:
This article lists some of the events that took place in the Netherlands in 2014.

Incumbents
Monarch: William-Alexander
Prime Minister: Mark Rutte

Events

January
 1: The drinking age is raised from 16 to 18 years of age, causing 16 year-olds in the Netherlands to go into mourning.
 1: Darts player Michael van Gerwen wins the PDC World Darts Championship by beating Peter Wright in the final with 7-4.
 17:  In Groningen, the minister of Economic Affairs Henk Kamp presents the gas accord that was struck by the government, the province and NAM. The natural gas extraction in Loppersum will be reduced by 80% to decrease the chance of earthquakes. Groningen will be compensated for damages caused by the gas extraction.

February
 10: Former minister Els Borst is found dead in her house in Bilthoven. The autopsy proves that she was murdered.

March
 10: Passports and ID cards are from now on valid for 10 years. Also, ID cards no longer require fingerprints.
 13: After years of construction, the renewed Rotterdam Centraal railway station is opened by King Willem-Alexander.
 19: Remarks of the Party for Freedom leader Geert Wilders about too many Moroccans in The Hague and the rest of the country are broadly condemned. In the following days, politicians Roland van Vliet and Joram van Klaveren, amongst others, decide to leave the party. Many people also file reports against his remarks at police offices.
 24-25: The 2014 Nuclear Security Summit is held in The Hague.
 25: The University Medical Center Utrecht announces that on November 19, 2013 a 22-year-old woman got a complete plastic skull implanted. The artificial skull was created with the help of a 3D printer.

April
 7: Friar Frans van der Lugt is murdered in Homs, Syria by radical Muslim terrorists.

May
 2: Probation is given to Pim Fortuyn's murderer Volkert van der Graaf, after serving 2/3 of his 18 prison term. He needs to wear an ankle bracelet and is forbidden to access Rotterdam, Hilversum and Driehuis-Westerveld
 24-31: The Toppers celebrate their 10 year anniversary with 4 concerts in the Amsterdam ArenA.

June
 3: Explosions and fire at a complex of Royal Dutch Shell in the Moerdijk harbor and industrial area; two people end up injured.
 24-25: King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima go to Poland for their first official state visit.

July
 9: The paper train ticket is abolished.
 17: Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 crashed after having been shot down by air-surface missile near Torez in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, killing all 300 people on board, including 193 Dutch people.
 21: Pro-Russian rebels allowed Dutch investigators to examine the bodies of MH17. By this time, according to Ukrainian officials, 272 bodies had been recovered. Remains left Torez on a train on the evening of 21 July, en route to Kharkiv to be flown to the Netherlands for identification.
 23: A day of national mourning for the victims of the Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17.
 In agreement with the Ukrainian government, the Netherlands are leading this investigation.
 All remains were to be moved to the Netherlands with Dutch air force C-130 and Australian C-17 transport planes. The first remains were flown to Eindhoven on 23 July.

August

September
Haaksbergen monstertruck accident:
On 28 September 2014, a monster truck crashed into the attending crowd in Haaksbergen. Three visitors were reported dead, amongst them a child. According to Hans Gerritsen, the mayor of Haaksbergen, twelve people were injured.

October

November
2014 Amsterdam drug deaths:
On 25 November, two British tourists (aged 20 and 21) died in a hotel room in Amsterdam, after snorting white heroin that was sold as cocaine by a street dealer. The bodies were found less than a month after another British tourist died in similar circumstances. At least 17 other people have had medical treatment after taking the white heroin.

December

Elections
2014 Dutch municipal election

Sports
 February 7–23 Netherlands at the 2014 Winter Olympics
 The Netherlands competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The Dutch team was the largest Dutch delegation at a Winter Olympics, with 41 competitors that participated in bobsleigh, short track speed skating, snowboarding, and speed skating. With a total of 24 medals, it turned out to be the most successful Winter Games ever for the Dutch team. The Dutch team won 23 medals in speed skating and one medal in short track speed skating. Olympic speed skating records were set on the men's 5,000 metres by Sven Kramer, the men's 10,000 metres by Jorrit Bergsma, the men's team pursuit by Jan Blokhuijsen, Sven Kramer and Koen Verweij, the women's 1,500 metres by Jorien ter Mors and the women's team pursuit by Marrit Leenstra, Jorien ter Mors and Ireen Wüst. By sweeping the podium in speed skating at the men's 500 m, 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres, and the women's 1,500 m, the Netherlands became the first country in Winter Olympics history to achieve four podium sweeps at one edition of the Games.

 March 7–16 Netherlands at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Bibian Mentel wins the gold medal in the Women's snowboard cross, the only medal for the Netherlands.

 April 6: Ellen van Dijk wins the Tour of Flanders, a women's road cycling World Cup race.
 July 10–13 Netherlands at the 2014 European Road Championships
The Netherlands wins 2 gold medals and ended third in the medal table.

 August 12–17 Netherlands at the 2014 European Athletics Championships
The Netherlands wins 3 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medal.

 August 23 - September 7 Netherlands at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games
 August 16 - August 28 Netherlands at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
 September 21–28 Netherlands at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships

See also
2014–15 Eredivisie
2014–15 KNVB Cup

See also
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2014
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
2014 in Dutch television

References

Netherlands
Years of the 21st century in the Netherlands
2010s in the Netherlands
Netherlands


title: 1907 in Bolivia

text:
Events in the year 1907 in Bolivia.

Incumbents
President: Ismael Montes

Events

Births

Deaths
March 19 - Mariano Baptista, president of Bolivia (b. 1832)

References

1900s in Bolivia


title: Typhoon Rita (1972)

text:
Typhoon Rita, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gloring, was one of the longest-lived Western Pacific tropical cyclones on record. Rita traversed the basin along an erratic path for 22 days. The second of four simultaneously developing storms, Rita was first identified to the southeast of Guam on July 5, 1972.

Meteorological history

In early July 1972, conditions across the western Pacific were highly favorable for tropical cyclogenesis. Enhanced by an El Niño event, surface westerlies traversed the region south of an east–west near-equatorial trough that extended from east of the Philippines to well east of the Marshall Islands. On July 3, conditions in the upper troposphere over the basin underwent significant changes with two upper-level troughs developing in the midlatitudes; of note was one which moved southward from Japan. By July 5, four distinct disturbances had organized along the near-equatorial trough; however, limited data made further analysis on these systems difficult. The precursor to Rita specifically was situated to the southeast of Guam at this time. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC that day.

On July 6, the precursor depression to Rita was invigorated as it interacted with a cutoff low to its north. Simultaneously, a subtropical ridge rapidly built on either side of the cutoff low. Within a complex upper-level environment, favorable outflow was able to form over the system and enhance convective development. It was estimated that the depression attained tropical storm-status by 00:00 UTC on July 7 while located south of Guam. Moving west and later northwest, the storm steadily intensified to typhoon status by 12:00 UTC the following day. Increasingly vigorous outflow, attributed to the cutoff low near Japan, enabled continued deepening of the cyclone over the next two days. Rita ultimately attained its peak intensity on July 11 as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with sustained winds of  and a barometric pressure of 910 mbar (hPa; ). At this time, the storm displayed a well-defined  diameter eye.

At its peak, Rita was a somewhat lopsided system, with deep convection and cirrus clouds extending more to the northwest than any other quadrant. Following the typhoon's peak intensity, the cutoff low previously providing Rita with favorable outflow rapidly weakened. This resulted in a near-total collapse of outflow along the storm's northern side and prompted dramatic weakening. Simultaneously, the cyclone turned more westerly and slowed as an intensifying Typhoon Phyllis to its east began to influence Rita. Convection along the north side of the typhoon contracted significantly, with Rita's eye situated close to the edge of the convective canopy on July 12. In contrast to the weakening on the north side, outflow along the south side of Rita became more pronounced. By July 13, Rita had briefly stalled and began moving to northeast owing to a process known as the Fujiwhara effect. The once Category 5 system had degraded to minimal typhoon status by July 14.

On July 14 and 15, Rita again stalled as Typhoon Phyllis swung around to the north and headed to Japan. The storm re-intensified slightly during this period with winds reaching  and its pressure dipping to 962 mbar (hPa; ). This re-invigoration was short-lived as Rita weakened soon thereafter and began moving slowly to the north-northwest. The typhoon maintained its intensity for two days until a new outflow channel established itself over the storm. This channel, previously aiding the development of Typhoon Tess to the west, enabled Rita to attain winds of  on July 18. Alongside the increase in winds was a dramatic increase in the storm's size; by July 18 gale-force winds spanned an area approximately  across. Another major shift in the typhoon's course took place that day as a ridge build over the Sea of Japan and imparted a more westerly track.

Weakening slightly once more Rita passed through the Ryukyu Islands of Japan on July 20, with its center passing just north of Amami Ōshima; a pressure of 968.9 mb (hPa; 28.61 inHg) was measured there. Typhoon-force winds were measured  north of the center at this time on Gajajima. Upon moving over the East China Sea on July 21, an unusual set of conditions prompted Rita to turn southwest. The two main factors in this were the presence of a low over Manchuria which resulted in slower forward movement and Typhoon Tess located  east which pulled the storm south due to the Fujiwhara effect. Over the following three and a half days, the typhoon looped along the edge of the Ryukyu Islands, fluctuating in strength all the while. The center of Rita brushed Miyako-jima as a Category 1-equivalent typhoon on July 23 and Okinawa as Category 2-equivalent the following day.

Rita completed its cyclonic loop on July 25 and subsequently accelerated northward as it moved into a convergent flow region between the Manchuria low and the ridge near Japan. The storm skirted the Korean Peninsula on July 26, passing near Jeju Province off the southwestern coast of South Korea, before moving over the Yellow Sea. Turning westward over the Sea, Rita brushed the northern coast of Shandong Peninsula in China before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone over the Bohai Sea around 12:00 UTC on July 26 according to the JMA's best track. Thereafter, the storm's winds dropped below typhoon force for the first time since it attained such winds 18 days prior. Rita then made landfall near Tianjin, China as a weakening system. Though judged to be extratropical by the JMA at this time, the China Meteorological Agency asserts that Rita remained tropical until its landfall in accordance with radar imagery and radiosonde observations. Regardless of the true nature of the system as it struck North China, Rita further degraded over land. The remnant low persisted for several more days as they moved through Northern China and eventually Mongolia by July 28. The remnants of Rita were last noted on July 30, as a 1000 mb (hPa; 29.53 inHg) low over Northeast China.

Impact

On July 8, a United States Air Force B-52 heading to Vietnam was caught in the circulation of Rita and crashed less than  west of the storm. Shortly after the incident, seven aircraft were deployed for search-and-rescue while a Japanese merchant vessel, the Ariake, provided assistance. A United States Coast Guard Cutter, Basswood, was also sent to the area. Initial reports stated that all six of the aircraft's crew had been spotted amid  swells. Of the six crew, one died and the remaining five were rescued by the submarines Barb and Gurnard on July 9.

Southwestern South Korea was the last area significantly impacted by the typhoon. There, heavy rains and high winds resulted up to 33 fatalities. More than 200 buildings and 50 boats were destroyed as well.

Philippines
Although Rita remained well away from the Philippines, its tremendous circulation enhanced the southwest monsoon over Luzon for several days, particularly on July 17. Already suffering from floods caused by Typhoon Susan days earlier, which killed at least 20 people, prolonged heavy rains resulted in one of the worst flood disasters for the region. In a 24‑hour span,  of rain fell in Baguio. Newspaper reports regarded it as the worst flooding since World War II, with 14 provinces along a  swath north of Manila affected. Hundreds of towns and villages across Luzon were isolated by rising waters. Particularly hard hit were Pampanga and Tarlac provinces which were almost entirely flooded by the torrential rains and a series of dam and dike failures. Helicopters and amphibious vehicles were deployed to the two provinces in order to evacuate more than 55,000 people in need of aid. Across Bulacan and Pampanga, 166 villages were isolated by flood waters and an estimated 50,000 people were at-risk of famine in Pampanga. Helicopters from the U.S. Air Force rescued 180 people clinging to treetops in Arayat, Pampanga.

Between July 18 and 19, 25 people perished in various incidents across Pangasinan province. The capital city of Manila was hard-hit as well, with 90% of the area underwater. Over a four-day period,  of rain fell in the region, with a record  falling during the overnight of July 20–21. Schools and businesses were shut down for two consecutive days there. More than 50 shelters were opened up across Manila and were expected to provide food and housing to 14,000 residents. Flooding began to recede on July 22 as rains abated.

In all, an estimated 242 people died in the floods and damage amounted to more than $445 million. By July 20, an estimated one million people were in need of assistance from the disaster and approximately two million were affected. Estimates from the Red Cross indicated that more than 500,000 people were homeless.

East China Sea

Rita's unusual track across the East China Sea resulted in the Ryukyu Islands being affected for five days. During this period, the highest winds measured across the archipelago was  on Kume Island while the lowest pressure was 955.6 mb (hPa; 28.22 inHg) at the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma on Okinawa. Much of the region received heavy rain and a storm maxima of  on Okinoerabujima. Primary damage from the storm was to agriculture, with 30–35% of the sugar cane and pineapple crop lost. In all, three people died in the region due to Rita.

Taiwan was also subjected to heavy rains from the typhoon's outer bands with up to  falling in mountainous areas. Flooding affected several villages and left 700 people homeless. A train traveling from Kaohsiung to Fangliao was derailed. Three people were killed across the island.

North China
Rita caused one of the largest storm surges along the Bohai Sea, with a maximum value of  at the Huludao port. From Tianjin to Dalian port, thousands of boats were destroyed and the breakwaters were damaged. Seawater rushed onto land, resulting in salinization of soil. Beijing also experienced heavy rain and strong winds. Zaoshulin in the Huairou District of Beijing received  of rain in one day, which resulted in debris flows in mountainous areas and killed about 50 people.

Aftermath

Philippines
By July 19, President Ferdinand Marcos placed the National Defense and Social Welfare Departments on 24-hour duty and allocated $8.2 million in relief funds. The following day, Marcos ordered that all available watercraft be used to aid in rescue operations across Luzon. An appeal was made by authorities on July 21 for an immediate airlift of food to an estimated 115,000 people in Tarlac Province feared to be starving after being isolated by the floods. Presidential Secretary Alejandro Melchor stated that relief efforts were severely inadequate and relief teams had not reached the hard-hit Pangasinan Province by July 21. On July 24, Marcos temporarily moved his office from Manila to Lingayen, Pangasinan in order to oversee relief operations more directly. A 1,000 bed hospital was set up at the Presidential Malacañang Palace, with the president's wife remaining there to oversee operations. Funding for the disaster was increased to $75 million from $37 million that day. He and his cabinet members conducted surveys of the flooding on four consecutive days.

The United States Thirteenth Air Force stationed at Clark Air Base provided three Sikorsky MH-53 helicopters and a C-130 cargo plane to assist in relief operations. Four U.S. medical teams from Okinawa were deployed to Luzon to assist. Food was also being provided to evacuees at the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay. The  and accompanying support ships were redirected by the U.S. Navy from Okinawa to Luzon. Arriving on July 22, the 104-man-strong U.S. Army Disaster Area Response Team aboard the USS Tripoli began relief operations immediately. On that day, seven U.S. Air Force C-130s, two Philippine Air Force Fokker F27s, and two helicopters delivered 60,000 tons of relief goods and medical supplies as well as 200,000 nutribuns (high-protein bread).

Complicating relief efforts were guerrilla incidents with member of the Communist Party of the Philippines. On July 21, a U.S. helicopter was shot at 14 times and forced to abandon its mission. Additionally, impatient victims tried to ransack trucks carrying supplies on July 24, forcing officials to fire warning shots in the air to dispel them. Of greatest concern in the storm's wake was an outbreak of typhoid and cholera, which claimed at least 45 lives by July 26. On July 25, six people were killed by cobras displaced by the floods in Santa Rita, Pampanga.

See also

List of tropical cyclone records
1972 Pacific typhoon season
Typhoon Ophelia
Typhoon Wayne (1986) – A similarly long-lived and erratically moving storm
Tropical Storm Lucille – A storm in 1960 that caused similarly deadly flooding in and around Manila
Typhoon Damrey (2012)
Typhoon Lionrock (2016)
Typhoon Noru (2017) — Tied with Rita for second longest-lived Northwest pacific Tropical cyclone.
Typhoon Khanun (2023)

Notes

References

1972 Pacific typhoon season
Typhoons
Typhoons in the Philippines
Typhoons in Japan
Typhoons in China
Typhoons in Taiwan
Typhoons in South Korea


title: Alexander Doniphan Wallace

text:
Alexander Doniphan Wallace (21 August 1905, in Hampton, Virginia, USA – 16 October 1985, in New Orleans, USA) was an American mathematician who introduced proximity spaces.

Wallace received from the University of Virginia B.A. in 1935, M.A. in 1936 and Ph.D. in 1940. He was an instructor at Princeton University in 1940–1941 and became an assistant professor in mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania in 1941 and remained there until 1947. He was a professor and chair of the mathematics department at Tulane University in 1947–1963. From 1963 until his retirement in 1973 he was a mathematics professor at the University of Florida.

His doctoral students include Chung Tao Yang.

Selected articles

References

1905 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
People from Hampton, Virginia
Mathematicians from Virginia
Topologists
University of Virginia alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Tulane University faculty
University of Florida faculty


title: McLaurin-Roper-McColl Farmstead

text:
McLaurin-Roper-McColl Farmstead, also known as Broad Oaks, is a historic home and farmstead located near Clio, Marlboro County, South Carolina.  The original section of the house was built about 1826, as a four-bay side-gable cottage. Additions were made to the structure about 1850 and 1899, with American Craftsman style modifications made in the 1920s.  Also on the property are an early outbuilding, African American cemetery, farm roads, and built landscape features such as drainage ditches.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

References

Houses completed in 1826
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Marlboro County, South Carolina
1826 establishments in South Carolina
Houses in Marlboro County, South Carolina


title: 1903 in Bolivia

text:
Events in the year 1903 in Bolivia.

Incumbents
President: José Manuel Pando (PL)
 First Vice President:
 Lucio Pérez Velasco (PL) (until 23 January)
 Vacant (starting 23 January)
 Second Vice President: Aníbal Capriles Cabrera (PL)

Events
 11 November - Treaty of Petrópolis with Brazil

Births
 6 February – Augusto Céspedes, journalist and diplomat (d. 1997)
 23 March – Germán Busch, 36th president of Bolivia (d. 1939)
 26 December – Carlos Montenegro, lawyer, politician, and writer (d. 1953)

Deaths

References

1900s in Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia
Years of the 20th century in Bolivia


title: Arodnieks (1920)

text:
Arodnieks was a newspaper published from Riga, Latvia between 1920 and 1934. The frequency of publication varied from fortnightly to weekly. The circulation of the newspaper was between 2,000 and 5,000 copies per issue. Initially it was an organ of the Riga trade unions, later it became the organ of the Central Bureau of Latvian Trade Unions. Ernests Morics served as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper.

Arodnieks had a fortnightly Russian language sister newspaper, Trudovaya Zhizn.

References

Defunct newspapers published in Latvia
Latvian-language newspapers
Mass media in Riga
Newspapers published in Latvia
Newspapers established in 1920
Publications disestablished in 1934
Socialist newspapers
1920 establishments in Latvia
1934 disestablishments in Latvia


title: Mykhailo Lysytsa

text:
Mykhailo Pavlovych Lysytsa (; 15 January 1921, Vysoke – 10 January 2012, Kyiv) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physicist. The asteroid 8064 Lisitsa was named after him.

References

1921 births
2012 deaths
20th-century Ukrainian inventors
20th-century Ukrainian physicists
21st-century Ukrainian physicists
People from Radomyslsky Uyezd
Academic staff of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology

Recipients of the Medal "For Courage" (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Soviet inventors
Soviet physicists
Ukrainian inventors
Ukrainian physicists


title: Gunsmoke (season 3)

text:
Gunsmoke is an American Western television series developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

The first episode of season 3 aired in the United States on September 14, 1957, and the final episode aired on June 7, 1958. All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS.

Season 3 of Gunsmoke was a half-hour program filmed in black-and-white, as one-hour episodes were not introduced until season 7, and color episodes were not filmed until season 12.

Synopsis
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers on United States Marshal Matt Dillon (James Arness) as he enforces law and order in the city. In its original format, the series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with three other citizens of Dodge City: Doctor Galen "Doc" Adams (Milburn Stone), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Amanda Blake), saloon girl and later owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and Chester Goode (Dennis Weaver), Dillon's assistant.

Cast and characters

Main
James Arness as Matt Dillon
Dennis Weaver as Chester
Milburn Stone as Doc
Amanda Blake as Kitty

Production
Season 3 consisted of 39 half-hour black-and-white episodes produced by Norman Macdonnell.

The fight scene near the end of episode 18, "Buffalo Man", served as the basis for an educational film produced by the American Cinema Editors, called Film Editing: Interpretation & Values, used by film students all around the world.

Episodes

Release

Broadcast
Season three aired Saturdays at 10:00-10:30 pm (EST) on CBS.

Home media
The third season was released on DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment in two volumes. The first 19 episodes were released on December 9, 2008 and the remaining 20 episodes were released on May 26, 2009.

Reception
Gunsmoke held the number one primetime spot in the Nielsen ratings four years straight, for the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons.

Awards and nominations

Footnotes

References

External links
 {{IMDb episodes|0047736|Gunsmoke season 3}}
 Gunsmoke season 3 at TV Guide''

Gunsmoke seasons