title: Beverly Schwartz

text:
Beverly Schwartz is an American behavioral scientist, business executive, non-profit leader and author specializing in social marketing and social entrepreneurship. From 2004-2016 she was the Vice President of Global Marketing of Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. Her book Rippling: How Social Entrepreneurs Spread Innovation Throughout the World was honored with the 2013 Silver Nautilus Book Award and the 2013 Axiom Business Book Award. It has been translated into 4 additional languages - Spanish (Ediciones Urano), Chinese (China Citic Press), Japanese and Korean (Eijipress).

Life & Background
Beverly Schwartz was born in New York City and has spent time living in Minneapolis, San Francisco, Atlanta, and Washington D.C. She attended Queens College, City University of New York and the University of Minnesota, earning a Master of Science degree . She currently lives in Washington D.C.

Career
Humanitarian and community advocacy
Schwartz worked for the Minnesota Lung Association and also served as the Executive Director of the Minnesota Association for Non-Smoker's Rights, where she participated in writing, lobbying, and supporting statewide public health legislation, resulting in the passage of the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act, the first non-smoking statewide ordinance in the US. She also worked at the United States Center for Disease Control from 1987-1992, where she helped develop and manage the "American Response to AIDS" campaign and other educational and awareness programs . While at the CDC, she was also acting Director of Communications for the National Center for Smoking and Health. She has additionally served as an advocate for global educational reform during her tenure as Vice President of Social Marketing with the Academy for Educational Development. In April 2018, Schwartz filled a vacancy position as an Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner (ANC) for Dupont Circle, Washington DC; and was subsequently elected to the position for a 2 year term in Nov 2019.

Social marketing
From 1998-2004 Schwartz was Senior Vice President at Fleishman Hillard, a global communications firm, where she chaired their Social Impact Global Practice Group. She assisted in the development of the organization's social and strategic marketing plans and also served as the Project Director for the non-advertising portion of the 5 year and 50 million dollar Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign under the guidance of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Published works
Schwartz is an author, publishing multiple works, including her award-winning book Rippling: How Social Entrepreneurs Spread Innovation Throughout the World. She is a former associate editor of the Social Marketing Quarterly.

Schwartz, Beverly (2012). Rippling: How Social Entrepreneurs Spread Innovation Throughout the World. Jossey-Bass. 288 pages.
Schwartz, B., Middlestadt, S., & Verzosa, C. (1994). Social Marketing Research on Educating Girls in Bangladesh. The Forum for Advancing Basic Education and Literacy. 3(2) pages 8-9.
Schwartz, Beverly (2004). Special Issue: The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaigns: Lessons Learned in Executing an Integrated Public Health Campaign. Social Marketing Quarterly. 10(2). pages 3-6, 79.
Schwartz, Beverly (2010). The Freedom to Innovate: The Contributions of Social Entrepreneurs to the Field of Global Public Health. Igniting the Power of Community. pages 77-91.
Schwartz, Beverly (2012). Turning What Is, and What If, into What Can Be. Peace Corps WorldView Magazine. pages 34-35.
Schwartz, Beverly (2013). This Is Our Time for Storytelling: 3 1/2 Tips for Writing about Social Change from an Award-Winning Author. Forbes.
Schwartz, Beverly (2013). The Road from Garbage to Gold. BeInkandescent.
Schwartz, B. & Khanna, D. (2013). Future Forward: Innovations for Youth Employment in Africa. Innovations. Special Edition 2013 Global Youth Economic Opportunities Conference. pages 255-266.
Schwartz, Beverly (2013). Are You a Prisoner of the Past or will you be a Pioneer of the Future? Huffington Post.
Schwartz, Beverly (2013). Unleash the World's Entrepreneurial Geniuses. CNN Opinion.
Schwartz, Beverly (2013) What's Ahead for Social Entrepreneurs. Forbes.

Honors and awards
2013 Silver Nautilus Book Award for Rippling: How Social Entrepreneurs Spread Innovation Throughout the World
2013 Axiom Business Book Award for Rippling: How Social Entrepreneurs Spread Innovation Throughout the World

Boards and committees
APOPO (HeroRats) USA - Member of the Board  | Present | 2015–Present
Harwood Institute for Public Innovation – Member of the Board of Directors | 2013–Present
Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner, Dupont Circle, Washington, DC., 2017 - 2020
National Hospice Foundation – Member of the Board of Trustees | 2008 - 2014

References

Further reading
"Interview with Beverly Schwartz", Social Marketing Quarterly, December 2005; volume 11, 3-4: pages 68–77.

External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20140723005115/https://www.ashoka.org/team/leadership
http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/rippling_how_social_entrepreneurs_spread_innovation_throughout_the_world
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashoka/2012/12/28/2013-whats-ahead-for-social-entrepreneurship/
http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/06/opinion/schwartz-un-entrepreneurs/
https://www.un.org/en/ga/second/67/entreprogramme.pdf
http://trulyamazingwomen.com/the-women/beverly-schwartz-author-and-vp-marketing-ashoka
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/beverly-schwartz/are-you-a-prisoner-of-the_b_4024083.html
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashoka/2013/06/25/this-is-our-time-for-storytelling-3-tips-for-writing-about-social-change-from-an-award-winning-author/
https://web.archive.org/web/20140310091519/http://www.beinkandescent.com/articles/1757/Albina+Ruiz
https://www.authorsguild.net/members/rippling/files/BUZZ_schwartz.pdf

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American business executives
American non-fiction writers
University of Minnesota alumni
Queens College, City University of New York alumni
American lobbyists


title: Timeline of women in science in the United States

text:
This is a timeline of women in science in the United States.

19th Century
 1848: Maria Mitchell became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; she had discovered a new comet the year before.
 1853: Jane Colden was the only female biologist mentioned by Carl Linnaeus in his masterwork Species Plantarum.
 1889: Mary Emilie Holmes became the first female Fellow of the Geological Society of America.
 1889: Susan La Flesche Picotte became the first Native American woman to become a physician in the United States.
 1893: Florence Bascom became the second woman to earn her Ph.D. in geology in the United States, and the first woman to receive a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Geologists consider her to be the "first woman geologist in this country [America]."
 1896: Florence Bascom became the first woman to work for the United States Geological Survey.

20th Century
 1901: Florence Bascom became the first female geologist to present a paper before the Geological Survey of Washington.
 1903: Marie Curie became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, awarded in Physics, and went on to also win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She performed pioneering research in radioactivity, and discovered two elements (polonium and radium).
 1912: Henrietta Swan Leavitt studied the bright-dim cycle periods of Cepheid stars, then found a way to calculate the distance from such stars to Earth.
 1924: Florence Bascom became the first woman elected to the Council of the Geological Society of America.
 1925: Florence Sabin became the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
 1928: Alice Evans became the first woman elected president of the Society of American Bacteriologists.
 1936: Edith Patch became the first female president of the Entomological Society of America.

1940s
 1942: American geologist Marguerite Williams became the first African-American woman to receive a PhD in geology in the United States. She completed her doctorate, entitled A History of Erosion in the Anacostia Drainage Basin, at Catholic University.
 1947: Gerty Cori became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which she received along with Carl Ferdinand Cori "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen", and Bernardo Alberto Houssay "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar".
 1947: Marie Maynard Daly became the first Black woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry, and went on to perform research that would define how cholesterol clogged arteries, paving the way for a broad understanding that diet affects heart health.
 1949: Dorothy Vaughan becomes the first African-American woman to supervise a group of staff at the Langely Research Center, a NASA field center.

1950s
 1950: Isabella Abbott became the first Native Hawaiian woman to receive a PhD in any science; hers was in botany.
 1950: Esther Lederberg was the first to isolate lambda bacteriophage, a DNA virus, from Escherichia coli K-12.
 1952: Grace Hopper completed what is considered to be the first compiler, a program that allows a computer user to use English-like words instead of numbers. It was known as the A-0 compiler.
 1956: The Wu experiment was a nuclear physics experiment conducted in 1956 by the physicist Chien-Shiung Wu, born in China but having become an American citizen in 1954, in collaboration with the Low Temperature Group of the US National Bureau of Standards. That experiment showed that parity could be violated in weak interaction.

1960s
 1960: Rosalyn Yalow received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" along with Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally who received it "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain".
 1962: Katherine Johnson performed the calculations for the NASA orbital mission, launching John Glenn as the first person into orbit and returning them safely.
 1963: Maria Goeppert Mayer became the first American woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics; she shared the prize with J. Hans D. Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure” and Eugene Paul Wigner "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles". She was born in Poland, but became a U.S. citizen in 1933.
 1965: Sister Mary Kenneth Keller became the first American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Her thesis was titled "Inductive Inference on Computer Generated Patterns."

1970s
 1975: Chien-Shiung Wu, born in China but having become an American citizen in 1954, became the first female president of the American Physical Society.
 1976: Margaret Burbidge, born in England, was named as the first female president of the American Astronomical Society.
1977: Rosalyn Yalow received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"; she shared it with Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain."
 1978: Anna Jane Harrison became the first female president of the American Chemical Society.
 1978: Mildred Cohn served as the first female president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, then called the American Society of Biological Chemists.

1980s
1982: Nephrologist Leah Lowenstein became the first woman dean of a co-educational medical school in the United States.
 1983: Barbara McClintock received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of genetic transposition; she was the first woman to receive that prize without sharing it, and the first American woman to receive any unshared Nobel Prize.
1984: Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to walk in space.
 1988: Patricia Bath was the first African American woman to receive a medical patent, which was her invention of laser cataract treatment.
 1988: Gertrude B. Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment".

1990s
 1990: Antonia Novello became the first woman, first person of color, and first Hispanic to serve as Surgeon General of the United States.
 1991: Doris Malkin Curtis became the first woman president of the Geological Society of America.
 1992: Edith M. Flanigen became the first woman awarded the Perkin Medal (widely considered the highest honor in American industrial chemistry) for her outstanding achievements in applied chemistry. The medal especially recognized her syntheses of aluminophosphate and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves as new classes of materials.
 1992: Mae Jemison becomes the first Black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour.
 1993: Ellen Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman to go to space when she served aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.
1998: Nurse Fannie Gaston-Johansson became the first African-American woman tenured full professor at Johns Hopkins University.
1998: Rita R. Colwell became the first female director of the National Science Foundation.

21st Century

2000s
 2004: Linda B. Buck received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Richard Axel "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system".
2009: Carol W. Greider received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Elizabeth H. Blackburn (Blackburn was a native of Australia, but lived in the United States since 1975, and became a naturalized citizen in September 2003) and Jack W. Szostak "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase".

2010s
 2010: Marcia McNutt became the first female director of the United States Geological Survey.
 2016: Marcia McNutt became the first woman president of the American National Academy of Sciences.
 2018: Frances Arnold received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the directed evolution of enzymes"; she shared it with George Smith and Gregory Winter, who received it "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies". This made Frances the first American woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
2019: Karen Uhlenbeck won the Abel Prize for "her pioneering achievements in geometric partial differential equations, gauge theory, and integrable systems, and for the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics." She is the first woman to win the prize.

2020s

 2020: Kathryn D. Sullivan, the first American woman to walk in space, descended 35,810 feet to the Challenger Deep, making her the first person to both walk in space and to reach the deepest known point in the ocean.

References

History of women in the United States
Science United States
Women in science in the United States
Women in science in the United States


title: Ninetowns Internet Technology Group

text:
Ninetowns Internet Technology Group Company Limited was set up in 1995 and now is based in Beijing, China, providing enterprise online software. The company was formerly known as Ninetowns Digital World Trade Holdings Limited until September 2006. There are four segments in the company:
Enterprise Software and Related Maintenance Services
Software Development Services
Business to Consumer e-commerce
Real Estate Development

History
Ninetowns was established in 1995 and became public on NASDAQ in December 2004, providing online solutions for international trade, such as business-to-government and business to consumer services. The company's business to consumer service was provided in April 2010, engages in the purchase of organic, fresh and natural food products for delivery to customers' homes. In 2011, the company introduced its Smarter City Real Estate development initiative.

Operations
In April 2007 the company completed its acquisition of Ample Spring Holdings Limited.

In April 2011 Ninetowns won the right to acquire land use rights about 141,000 square meters in Anhui Province, China. The company named this project “Smarter Town” for commercial and residential use. In the same year, the company’s subsidiary Dalian Aviation Changzheng Technology Development Co., Ltd. won the right to acquire land rights about 20,973 square meters in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China for its real estate market strategy.

Products and services
Products of the enterprise software and related maintenance services include  series,  and  series, enabling the declaration being processed electronically over the Internet. It also provides software to process electronic filings, and the data exchange. The business to consumer e-commerce provides platform of online food and grocery markets through its web portal.  In addition, the company also enters into real estate market by its real estate development segment. As of December 31, 2012, the company has four real estate development projects.

References

Companies established in 1995
2004 initial public offerings
2014 mergers and acquisitions


title: Karl Zaruba

text:
Karl Zaruba (December 29, 1902 – October 5, 1978 ) was an Austrian composer and conductor, founder of the Neue Meister Deutsch Kapelle (Neue Deutschmeister Band).

He was the conductor of the Austrian Folk Musicians and director of the Schuhplattler Dance Band

Discography
The Merry Yodeler, (Musical LP, 1953, director)
The Merry Yodeler, Volume II (Musical LP, 1953, director)
Folk Dances of Austria, Vol. 3: Traditional Schuhplattler Dances, (LP 1962, director)
The Neue Deutschmeister Band in Stereo (Neue Deutschmeister Band, Elektra EKS 7101 (Stereo), Released: 1958, conductor)

Compositions

For the Kapelle
 Liebe Anna!
  Der Kirchschlager
 Am Brigitta Kirtag
 Bluembachtaler Schuhplattler
 Dachauer Schuhplattler
 Der Eiswalzer
 Der Jajermarsch
 Der Offene Walzer
 Edelweisser
 Enzianer Schuhplattler
 Heidauer Schuhplattler
 Kuckucks-Polka
 Mit Schwung, mars
 Petersdorfer Ländler
 Reit im Winkel
 Steffel von Talgau Schuhplattler
 Trauntalern Schuhplattler
 Watschenplattler

For small ensembles
 Das Blumerl
 Das Hiatamadl
 Das Spinnrad
 Der Cevve
 Der Deutsche Umgang
 Der Haxenschmeisser
 Der Neudeutsche
 Der Siebenschritt
 Der Waldjager
 Die Ennstaler Polka
 Die Mainzer Polka
 Kreuzpolka
 Marching Polka
 Neubayrische
 Nickelsdorfer-Schottisch
 Reidlinger Schottische
 Rheinlander
 Steyrische Kreuzpolka
 Studentenpolka
 Weifentanz

References

1902 births
1978 deaths
Austrian male composers
Austrian composers
Male conductors (music)
20th-century Austrian conductors (music)
20th-century Austrian male musicians
20th-century Austrian composers


title: Miller's rule

text:
Miller's rule or Miller rule may refer to:

Miller's Rule (optics), an empirical rule which gives an estimate of the order of magnitude of the nonlinear coefficient
Miller's rules, a set of rules in stellation
Miller twist rule, a mathematical formula created by Don Miller to calculate the optimum rate of twist for a given bullet traveling through a rifled barrel
Miller Rule or The Miller test, the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene


title: Zaruba

text:
Zaruba or Záruba (Czech feminine: Zárubová) is a surname of Czech origin. It may refer to:

 Adam Zaruba (born 1991), Canadian football player
 Gary E. Zaruba (1940–2014), American painter and art educator
 Jerzy Zaruba (1891–1971), Polish graphic artist, stage scenographer and caricaturist
 Karl Zaruba (1902–1978), Austrian composer
 Radek Záruba (born 1979), Czech sprint canoer

See also

 Zaruba, a character in the Japanese series Garo

Czech-language surnames


title: DIC Corporation

text:
is Japanese chemical company, specializing in the development, manufacture and sale of inks, pigments, polymers, specialty plastics and compounds and biochemicals.

It was founded in 1908 as Kawamura Ink Manufactory, renamed to Kawamura Kijuro Shoten in 1915, incorporated as Dainippon Printing Ink Manufacturing in 1937 and renamed to Dainippon Ink and Chemicals (DIC) in 1962 before the name was changed to the present name DIC Corporation in 2008 on the occasion of its 100th anniversary. The company slogan "Color & Comfort By Chemistry" suggests that DIC products should deliver color and comfort to daily life.

The company operates worldwide (through 176 subsidiary and affiliate companies in 62 countries) and includes the Sun Chemical corporation, based in the Americas and Europe.

DIC in Japan has 10 plants in Japan, located in Tokyo, Chiba, Hokuriku, Sakai, Kashima, Yokkaichi, Shiga, Komaki, Saitama, and Tatebayashi. The main research laboratory in Japan is located in Sakura, Chiba cooperating with DIC development centers in China (Qingdao DIC Finechemicals Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China) and the Sun Chemical Group's research laboratories (in USA, Germany and UK).

The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

History
 1908 Founded as Kawamura Ink Manufactory
 1937 Incorporated Dainippon Printing Ink Manufacturing
 1950 Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
 1962 Merged with Japan Reichhold, changed Company name to Dainippon Ink and Chemicals
 1986 Acquired Sun Chemical's Graphic Art Material Dept.
 1987 Acquired Reichhold Chemicals, Inc.
 1999 Acquired Totalfina S.A.’s Printing Ink Dept. (Coates)
 2005 Sold Reichhold
 2008 Changed Company name to DIC Corporation
 2009 Established DIC Graphics, joint venture with Dai Nippon Printing (DNP) integrating DIC's domestic printing ink business and DNP's printing ink business
 2021 Acquired BASF’s Global Pigments Business, known as BASF Colors & Effects (BCE)

Business and products

DIC is divided in 3 business units and 6 product divisions

Packaging & Graphic
 Printing Material Products Division : Offset inks, gravure inks, flexo inks, metal decorative inks, security inks, printing plates, jet inks, news inks
 Packaging Material Products Division: Packaging adhesives, coextruded multilayer films, polysterene (hyperbranched, GPPS, HIPS).

Color & Display
Color Material Products Division: pigments for printing inks, pigments for coatings and plastics, pigments for specialty applications, pigments for color filters, pigments for cosmetics and health foods (Spirulina)
 Display Material Products Division: Thin-Film transistor liquid crystal (TFT LC), Supertwisted nematic liquid crystal (STN LC)

Functional Product
 Performance Material Products Division: general polymers (alkyd resins, unsaturated polyester resins, plasticizers, waterborne resins, acrylic resins, phenolic resins) specialty polymers (epoxy resins, ultraviolet (UV)-curable resins, polyurethane resins, fluorochemicals), metal carboxylates, sulphur chemicals, fiber and textile colorants
 Composite Material Products Division: polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) compounds, interior housing products, industrial adhesive tapes, plastic colorants, high-performance optical materials, Hollow-fiber membranes, medical diagnostics products

DIC Color System Guide

The DIC Color System Guide is a spot color system, based on Munsell color theory. It is common in Japan, and comparable in role to the Pantone systems.

Cultural activities
DIC owns 47.7% of the sports club chain "Renaissance".
In 1990, the company established the Kawamura Memorial DIC Museum of Art to exhibit artwork collected by the company and its affiliates. The museum is located in a 30-hectare park near to its Central Research Laboratories.

Gallery

References

External links

Official website
DIC Corporation, Corporate Profile
Yahoo! Finance -  DIC Corporation Company Profile
  Wiki collection of bibliographic works on DIC Corporation

Chemical companies based in Tokyo
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Chemical companies established in 1908
Japanese companies established in 1908


title: Mahatma Gandhi Memorial (Washington, D.C.)

text:
The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial is a public statue of Mahatma Gandhi, installed on a triangular island along Massachusetts Avenue, in front of the Embassy of India, Washington, D.C., in the United States. A gift from the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, it was dedicated on September 16, 2000 during a state visit of Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in the presence of US President Bill Clinton.

Sparked to action in the wake of the 50th anniversary of Indian independence in 1947, the US Congress passed a bill in 1998 authorising the Government of India to establish a memorial to Gandhi on US federal land in the District of Columbia.

The  bronze statue depicts Mahatma Gandhi in ascetic garb, in reference to his 1930 march against the salt tax in India. It was designed by Gautam Pal, a sculptor from Kolkata. The statue is mounted on a 16 ton plinth of ruby granite from Ilkal, Karnataka, standing in a circular plaza of gray granite pavers. Behind it are three slabs of Karnataka red granite with inscriptions honoring Gandhi's memory, and in front of it is a seat also of red granite. The statue bears an inscription with Gandhi's answer to a journalist who asked for his message to the world: "My life is my message."

The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial unveiled in Milwaukee in 2002 includes a similar statue by Gautam Pal, also mounted on a red granite plinth.

Vandalization

In June 2020, during the George Floyd protests, the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial in Washington, D.C. was vandalized by unknown individuals on the intervening night of June 2 and 3. The incident prompted the Indian Embassy to register a complaint with law enforcement agencies. Taranjit Singh Sandhu, the Indian Ambassador to the United States called the vandalism "a crime against humanity". U.S. President Donald Trump called the defacement of Mahatma Gandhi's statue a "disgrace".

The statue was defaced and vandalized during a Khalistani separatist rally on 12 December 2020.

See also
 List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi
 List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2

References

External links

2000 establishments in Washington, D.C.
2000 sculptures
Bronze sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Gandhi
India–United States relations
Monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C.
Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.
Presidency of Bill Clinton
Sculptures of men in Washington, D.C.
Statues in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Vandalized works of art in Washington, D.C.


title: Rachel Brosnahan

text:
Rachel Elizabeth Brosnahan (born July 12, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the title role of an aspiring stand-up comedian in the Amazon Prime Video period comedy series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (2017–2023), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2018 and two consecutive Golden Globe Awards in 2018 and 2019. She has also appeared in the political thriller series House of Cards (2013–2015) and the drama series Manhattan (2014–2015).

Brosnahan made her film debut in the horror film The Unborn (2009), and has appeared in films including Beautiful Creatures (2013), Louder Than Bombs (2015), The Finest Hours (2016), Patriots Day (2016), Spies in Disguise (2019), The Courier (2020), and I'm Your Woman (2020). Brosnahan made her Broadway debut in the 2013 revival of the Clifford Odets play The Big Knife. She played Desdemona in the 2016 New York Theatre Workshop production of Othello, and returned to Broadway in the 2023 revival of the Lorraine Hansberry play The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window.

Early life
Brosnahan was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Carol and Earl Brosnahan, who worked in children's publishing. Her mother is British and her father is American and of Irish descent. From age four, Brosnahan was raised in Highland Park, Illinois. She has a younger brother and sister. She is a niece of the late fashion designer Kate Spade (née Brosnahan).

Though she is well known for playing a Jewish character on television (Mrs. Maisel in The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel), Brosnahan herself is not of Jewish descent. She says she was "happily immersed" in Jewish culture thanks to the community of Highland Park. Brosnahan has paternal roots in Kansas City, Missouri dating back to the 19th-century.

She attended Wayne Thomas Elementary School and Northwood Junior High School. She performed in musical theater during junior high and high school. At Highland Park High School, she was on the wrestling team for two years and was a snowboarding instructor. When she was 16, she took a class with Carole Dibo, director of Wilmette's Actors Training Center, who is now her manager. Brosnahan graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 2012.

Career
While still in high school, Brosnahan received her first movie role—that of Lisa in the Michael Bay-produced horror film The Unborn (2009). In college, she appeared in single episodes of television series such as Gossip Girl, The Good Wife, Grey's Anatomy, and In Treatment. Brosnahan's early roles include performances in two short films directed by Ari Aster, Basically (2013), and Munchausen (2014). After college, she began landing recurring roles in series such as the crime thriller The Blacklist (2014) and the short-lived medical drama Black Box (2014).

She first appeared on stage in 2009 in Up at Steppenwolf Theatre followed by her Broadway debut in The Big Knife with Roundabout Theatre Company in 2013. In 2016 she played Desdemona in Othello at New York Theatre Workshop opposite David Oyelowo and Daniel Craig.

In 2013, she starred as Rachel Posner in the critically acclaimed Netflix political drama House of Cards with Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright. Although she was initially booked for only two episodes, she caught the eye of showrunner Beau Willimon, and her character was significantly expanded. Her role brought her career prominence, and she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. In 2016, she appeared in Woody Allen's Amazon series Crisis in Six Scenes with Allen, Elaine May and Miley Cyrus.

Starting in 2017, she appeared as the title character in the Amazon period comedy series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. She has said that her exposure to Jewish culture growing up helped prepare her for the role of Midge Maisel, a 1950s Jewish housewife who pursues a career in stand-up comedy when her marriage fails. Her performance has earned her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Critics' Choice Television Awards, among other accolades.

After her Emmy Award win, Brosnahan said that The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel resonated with viewers because "the show is equal parts fantasy and reality. It has beautiful clothes, beautiful sets. I think in some ways it's aspirational too. It's about a woman who's reinventing herself after completing the dream she had laid out for herself. Everything falls apart; she finds herself anew. It's never too late to do that. And it's funny and, I think, filled with joy at its core, and that's something we need a lot more of in the world right now."

In 2019, Brosnahan launched the production company Scrap Paper Pictures.

Brosnahan appeared in the drama film The Courier with Benedict Cumberbatch, released in January 2020. In December 2020, Amazon released I'm Your Woman, in which she starred with Arinzé Kene and produced. In 2022, she starred in the western Dead for a Dollar which premiered at the 79th Venice International Film Festival. In 2023, she starred in the revival of Lorraine Hansberry's The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window opposite Oscar Isaac first at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, and later produced at the James Earl Jones Theatre on Broadway directed by Anne Kauffman. She received positive reviews for her performance as well as a Drama League Award nomination for Outstanding Distinguished Performer.

In June 2023, it was announced that Brosnahan was cast as Lois Lane in the DC Universe starting with the upcoming film, Superman: Legacy, from director James Gunn.

Personal life
It was reported in 2018 that Brosnahan had married actor Jason Ralph, but she later revealed in January 2019 that they had been married "for years" before their relationship became public. Both attended the 76th Golden Globe Awards ceremony in 2019, where she thanked him during her acceptance speech.

Brosnahan has twice completed the "Live Below the Line" challenge.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1990 births
21st-century American actresses
People from Highland Park, Illinois
Actresses from Illinois
Actresses from Milwaukee
American film actresses
American people of British descent
American people of Irish descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Highland Park High School (Illinois) alumni
Living people
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Tisch School of the Arts alumni


title: Brainpower (disambiguation)

text:
Brainpower is a Dutch musician.

Brainpower, BrainPower, or Brain Power may also refer to:

Music
 Brainpower (song), a song by Freezepop
 "Brain Power", a song by Paul Engemann
 "Brain Power", an electronic song by NOMA first featured in SOUND VOLTEX II -infinite infection-, whose lyrics became a meme

Television
 "Brain Power", an episode of the television series Baby Felix
 "Brainpower", an episode of the television series Human Body: Pushing the Limits
 "Brain Power", an episode of the television series In Search Of
 "Brain Power", an episode of the television series The Human Body
 "Brain Power", an episode of the television series Zoboomafoo

Other uses
 Brainpower, Inc., a faith-based organization in the Center for Bronx Non-Profits
 Brain Power, a video game for the console Watara Supervision
 Brain Power, a book following the animated television series Dexter's Laboratory

See also
 Brain Powerd, a Japanese anime television series


title: Social Security Treasury Venezuela

text:
Social security is a human and social fundamental and inalienable right guaranteed by the State to all Venezuelans residing in the territory of the Republic, and all foreigners legally impeached on it, regardless of ability to pay, provided social, work activity, through development, wages, earnings and income, according to the principle of progressivity and the terms of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, as well as the different national laws, treaties, agreements and conventions signed and ratified by the Republic.

Historical Review

The Social Security Treasury Venezuela is created with the appointment of the Treasurer of the Social Security System by the late President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, to ensure this fundamental right.
It is an autonomous institution with legal personality and its own, distinct and independent of the National Treasury, and is under the Ministry of Popular Power for social work process.

Main Function

The Treasury of Social Security has the purpose of raising financial funds Social Security System, in order to ensure the quasi-fiscal support and the operation and management of the Information System of Social Security for registration, affiliation and identification people, subject to the scope of the Organic Law of Social Security System.

At Present

It has a directory of more than 3,000 public institutions registered and affects a population of more than 850,000 workers.
The Social Security Treasury is responsible for managing the Special Retirement and Pension System of the National Public Administration and assign under the following conditions:

Regulatory Retirement: Every worker with 25 years of service in the public service and aged 55 for Women and 60 for Men .
Disability Retirement: Every worker who has worked in public administration at least 3 continuous years, and who has suffered an accident that incapacitated leave between 50 and 70% of its physical or mental capacity.
On retirement survival: Spouse or Children of a worker who enjoyed the benefit of Regulatory Retirement .
Special Retirement: It is directly administered by the Vice President of Venezuela, as conditions to be retired or retired must be reviewed and approved by his office.

To enjoy this benefit, the agency or entity must be solvent with employer contributions and contributions of workers.

In the future

The Treasury of Social Security is the responsibility of unifying all existing social security services in Venezuela.

Basic Information

Is located in Av. Francisco Solano López, con calle San Geronimo, Edificio Los Llanos. Parroquia El Recreo, Caracas - Venezuela

References

External links

Government agencies of Venezuela
Social security in Venezuela


title: Kuzhavadaiyan

text:
Kuzhavadaiyan is a village in the Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Location

Kuzhavadaiyan is located 255 km from Chennai. On the south it is around 30 km from Kumbakonam via Anaikkarai bridge. On the east it is 38 km from Ariyalur. On the north it is 25 km from Srimueshnam, and 36 km from Viruthachalam. On the east it is 50 km from Chidambaram.

Demographics

As of the 2001 census of India, Jayankondam had a population of 31,268 comprising 15,532 males and 15,736 females, making the sex ratio (number of females per thousand males) of the town 1,013. A total of 3,716 people were under six years of age and the child sex ratio (number of females per thousand males under six years of age) stood at 1,003. The town had an average literacy of 77.18%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. A total of 5,544, comprising 20.12% of the population, belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 549, comprising 1.99% of the population, belonged to Scheduled tribes (ST). There were a total of 7,022 households in the town. As of 2001, Jayankondam had a total of 9,694 main workers: 967 cultivators, 1,361 agricultural labourers, 1,867 in household industries and 5,499 other workers. There was a total of 1,938 marginal workers: 136 marginal cultivators, 1,068 marginal agricultural labourers, 196 marginal workers in household industries and 538 other marginal workers.

Places near Kuzhavadaiyan
Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple is the place around 10 km. North from JKM is the ancient temple and built by Rajendra chozha having very ancient – oldest sculpture and drowning.

Anaikarai Bridge is 2.5 km from Kuzhavadaiyan.

College
 Indra College, Kuzhavadaiyan

Schools
 Gokilambal group of schools
 Gokilambal matriculation school
 Gokilambal International school (CBSE)
Gokilambal NEET Academy
 Indra Public School, Kuzhavadaiyan
 panjayath union middil school

Hospitals

Bank and ATMs

References

Villages in Ariyalur district


title: Opendesk

text:
Opendesk was an initiative to produce furniture on the principles of Open Making, which stopped sharing their design files with the public at least since 2020. Designs were released under Creative Commons licenses. One of Opendesk's goals is to eliminate the cost of shipping completed products in favour of local fabrication.

Opendesk was founded  by Ian Bennink, Tim Carrigan, James Arthur, Joni Steiner and Nick Ierodiaconou; the last three founders were part of Development 00, the creators of WikiHouse. The same team previously created FabHub.io, a marketplace designed to allow designers and fabricators to engage with one another.

Concept
Users were able to choose between four degrees of completion for designs, distinguished by price and the technical fabrication requirements:

 Plans, in .dwg and .dwx formats, and instructions in PDF, for the experienced carpenter capable of building furniture from scratch
 Packs of raw wood, pre-sawn by CNC machine
 Flat pack furniture that is cut, oiled and ready to be assembled
 Completed and assembled final products

Opendesk's designs use a system of interlocking wooden fins to hold pieces together firmly without nails or bolts. The choice of wood to use is up to the builder; in the United Kingdom, a popular choice has been birch and plywood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council.

, the Opendesk range featured six items: the Desk, Café Table, Meeting Table, Edie set, Edie Stool and Edie Table.

Currently, OpenDesk does not work under the Open Making principles. They do not share their designs with the public any longer. Their model is now for-profit, where the website provides a quotation from local manufacturers, when available in your area. If no local manufacturers exist, they still do not provide the files to build the furniture yourself.

History
The project was born out of a commission for furniture for a tech startup in London, England. When the startup's sister office in New York City required furniture, it was decided to manufacture it locally rather than ship the completed product. Opendesk targeted startups along with creative companies and nonprofit organisations as a customer base. These types of organisations typically request flat pack products, while commercial organisations prefer fully assembled furniture.

At some point during or prior to 2020, OpenDesk stopped sharing their designs with the public, distancing themselves from the Open Making principles.

Reception
Opendesk was the subject of an exhibition named "The Future Is Here" at the Design Museum in London, which ran until October 2013. It featured designs from around the world, with assigned QR codes which can be used to access information on each design and its creator.

Numerous users have requested OpenDesk to share their designs without success, and the project is no longer considered an Open Making initiative.

See also
 List of open source hardware projects

References

External links

Open-source hardware


title: Nanda Hangkhim

text:
Nanda Hangkhim () is a writer in the Nepali language. He is from Darjeeling district, India. He is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award (2014) for his collection of short stories Satta Grahan.

Bibliography
 Mrtyu Divasa
 Arko Anuhāra

See also

 Indra Bahadur Rai
 Agam Singh Giri
 Parijat

References

Nepali-language writers from India
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Nepali
People from Darjeeling district
Living people
1944 births
Indian Gorkhas
Nepali-language poets from India


title: Sixth Extinction (disambiguation)

text:
The Sixth Extinction or Holocene extinction is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch.

Sixth Extinction may also refer to:
 The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, a 2014 book by Elizabeth Kolbert about the Holocene extinction
 The Sixth Extinction, a 1996 book by Richard Leakey and Roger Lewin
 "The Sixth Extinction" (The X-Files), an episode of The X-Files
 "The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati", an episode of The X-Files
 "The Sixth Extinction", an Ayreon song from the album 01011001
 "The Sixth Extinction Crept Up Slowly, Like Sunlight Through the Shutters, as We Looked Back in Regret", a Red Sparowes song from the album At the Soundless Dawn

See also
List of extinction events


title: The Priory Ruskin Academy

text:
The Priory Ruskin Academy is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, in Grantham in the English county of Lincolnshire.

The school was formed in 2010 from the merger of Central Technology & Sports College and the Grantham Church High School. It originally occupied both of the former school sites but in 2014 moved to new buildings at the former Central Technology & Sports College site. As an academy, the school is part of The Priory Federation of Academies Trust.

The Priory Ruskin Academy offers GCSEs and OCR Nationals as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study a range of A Levels and BTECs.

References

External links
 The Priory Ruskin Academy official website

Secondary schools in Lincolnshire
Schools in Grantham
Academies in Lincolnshire
Educational institutions established in 2010
2010 establishments in England


title: Volleyball at the 1962 Asian Games – Men

text:
This page presents the results of the men's volleyball tournament at the 1962 Asian Games, which was held from 25 August to 2 September 1962 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results

Preliminary round

Pool A

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Pool B

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Pool C

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Classification 7th–9th

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Final round

Final standing

References
 Results

External links
OCA official website

Men's volleyball


title: 1984 Gibraltar general election

text:
General elections were held in Gibraltar on 26 January 1984. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR) administration of Joshua Hassan was re-elected for a further term.

The election was referred to as the "dockyard election", as the future of the Gibraltar Royal Naval Dockyard was the only significant campaign issue.

Background
Under the constitution of 1969, in the 1980s the Gibraltar House of Assembly had seventeen seats, two held by official members appointed by the Governor of Gibraltar (the attorney-general and the financial secretary), and fifteen others elected at-large by the whole electorate in a single Gibraltar-wide constituency. A party or coalition winning eight seats in the Assembly had an effective majority and formed the government.

The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (called in full the "Gibraltar Labour Party Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights") had been the dominant political force in Gibraltar since the Second World War, winning every election but one. Hassan had been Chief Minister since 1964, apart from the three years between 1969 and 1972, and the previous election, held on 6 February 1980, had produced a House of Assembly with eight AACR members, six from the opposition Democratic Party for a British Gibraltar, and one other, Joe Bossano, leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. Despite his party's five other candidates all losing, Bossano had had a personal triumph, polling only sixty-four fewer votes than Hassan.

Campaign
The election was called "the dockyard election", as almost the only campaign issue was the British Government's plans, agreed with Hassan's AACR government, to transfer the Gibraltar Royal Naval dockyard to Appledore International, with new investment from Britain of £ 28 million, but with a loss of some four hundred jobs. In the circumstances, the election amounted to a referendum on these proposals. Hassan and his AACR campaigned in favour of the deal, on the slogan "the only way ahead". Hassan stated firmly "I have obtained a very fair package and I feel a duty to see it implemented over the next four years. No one could have obtained a better deal." However, both of the leading opposition parties, the Democratic Party for a British Gibraltar led by Peter Isola and the Socialist Labour Party of Joe Bossano, campaigned against. The Democrats' platform was that on winning the election they would renegotiate the deal and press Britain for a further £5 million to pay for economic diversification. The leader of the Socialist Labour Party, Bossano, was also a leading member of the Transport and General Workers Union, the biggest labour organization in Gibraltar, and his position was that Appledore should be sent packing and the British government's £28 million should be spent "to relaunch Gibraltar's economy on a sounder and more durable foundation".

Results
The turnout on 26 January 1984 was 74%, one of the highest ever known for a Gibraltar election. Despite the re-election of Hassan's AACR administration, all eight of its candidates being elected to the House of Assembly, there was a dramatic turn of events in the politics of Gibraltar, with Isola's Democratic Party, the main opposition to the AACR since 1980, losing all six of its seats, and Bossano's Socialist Labour Party winning seven and taking over as the official opposition. Bossano himself came third in the at-large election, beating six of the winning party's candidates. In a touch of irony, his party's only losing candidate was surnamed "Victory".

By candidate
The first fifteen candidates were elected to the House of Assembly.

References

General elections in Gibraltar
Gibraltar
General
Gibraltar
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results


title: List of Scotland-based production companies

text:
This is a list of filmmaking companies based in Scotland. The list includes both active and no longer active (defunct) companies. Active production companies are either run by themselves or as a subsidiary of another company.

Notable production companies

See also
 List of film production companies
 Media of Scotland
 Media in Glasgow

References

British film-related lists

Cinema of Scotland
Mass media companies of Scotland
Lists of mass media in Scotland
Production


title: Volleyball at the 1962 Asian Games – Women

text:
This page presents the results of the women's volleyball tournament at the 1962 Asian Games, which was held from 25 to 27 August 1962 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Japan won the gold medal in a round robin competition.

Results

|}

Final standing

References
 Results

External links
OCA official website

Women's volleyball


title: Nine-a-side volleyball at the 1962 Asian Games – Men

text:
This page presents the results of the Men's 9-man Volleyball Tournament at the 1962 Asian Games, which was held from 25 August to 1 September 1962 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results

|}

Final standing

References
 Results

External links
OCA official website

Men's Volleyball


title: Nine-a-side volleyball at the 1962 Asian Games – Women

text:
This page presents the results of the Women's 9-man Volleyball Tournament at the 1962 Asian Games, which was held from 29 to 31 August 1962 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Results

|}

Final standing

References
 Results

External links
OCA official website

Women's Volleyball


title: Erythrina flabelliformis

text:
Erythrina flabelliformis, common name chilicote or western coral bean, is a plant species native to central and northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is known from Baja California as far south as Morelos and as far east as San Luis Potosí, as well as from Arizona and New Mexico.

Erythrina flabelliformis is a shrub or small tree up to 3 m (10 feet) high. Stems are white and covered with a velvety pubescence when young, armed with curved prickles about 6 mm (0.25 inches) long. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets stiff and leathery, generally broader than long. Flowers are crowded in terminal racemes, bright scarlet, about 4 cm (1.6 inches) long. Fruit tapers toward both ends, covered with tiny but dense hairs. Seeds are oval, up to 15 mm (0.6 inches) across, scarlet with a white hilum.

The seed walls are potentially lethal if consumed due to the alkaloids contained in them.

References

flabelliformis
Flora of Mexico
Flora of Arizona
Flora of New Mexico


title: Li Chongmei

text:
Li Chongmei () (died January 11, 937), formally the Prince of Yong (), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang, as a son of its last emperor Li Congke.

Background
It is not known when Li Chongmei was born — although he was both described by historians as "young, but as intelligent and agile as an adult" and self-described as a "child" even as of his death year, suggesting that he was not yet of adult age at that point.  It is not known who his mother was, including whether she was Li Congke's wife Lady Liu (later empress) or not.  He was Li Congke's second son. He married a daughter of general Fan Yanguang.

During Li Congke's reign
In 934, Li Chongmei's father Li Congke overthrew his adoptive brother (Li Chongmei's uncle) Li Conghou, who was then emperor, and took the throne himself.  As Li Chongmei's older brother Li Chongji () and sister Li Huiming () were executed by Li Conghou during Li Congke's rebellion, Li Chongmei was effectively Li Congke's only son (or oldest — although historical records did not suggest that Li Congke had any younger sons).  Apparently shortly after Li Congke took the throne, he gave Li Chongmei the title of imperial guard general, and shortly after gave him the titles of military governor (Jiedushi) of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei), honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the region of the capital Luoyang), and commander of the imperial guards.  His military governorship was later moved from Chengde to Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei).  (He did not appear to have reported to either circuit, and Tianxiong was later given to Empress Liu's brother, Liu Yanhao.)

In spring 936, Li Congke created Li Chongmei the Prince of Yong.

Not long after, Li Chongmei's uncle (the husband of his aunt the Princess of Jin), Shi Jingtang the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), rebelled with aid from the Khitan Empire.  When the main Later Tang forces Li Congke sent to attack Shi, commanded by Zhang Jingda, was defeated and surrounded by the combined Khitan/Hedong forces, Li Congke's high-level officials were all pushing for him to personally lead the imperial army against Shi.  Li Chongmei volunteered to go in his stead, stating:

Li Congke, who was hesitant to face Shi, initially was inclined to grant Li Chongmei's request, but the chancellor Zhang Yanlang, Liu Yanhao, and the director of palace affairs Liu Yanlang () were all urging Li Congke himself to go, and therefore he launched his army, but he advanced slowly, fearful of Shi.  He left Li Chongmei in charge of Luoyang.

As continued news of Later Tang defeats were arriving at Luoyang (including the assassination of Zhang Jingda by his deputy Yang Guangyuan and Yang's subsequent surrender to Khitan/Hedong forces, as well as the defeat of another Later Tang army, commanded by Zhao Dejun), the people in the city were panicking and trying to leave the city and hide in mountains and valleys nearby.  The guards at the city gates were initially inclined to stop them.  Li Chongmei, however, stated:

He thus opened the gates and allowed the people to leave, which actually served to calm the people's hearts.

Shortly after, Li Congke returned to Luoyang, trying to mount a defense there, but with Shi approaching Luoyang and his generals submitting to Shi in droves, Li Congke gathered his family members and a number of officers still loyal to him and prepared to commit suicide by fire at Xuanwu Tower ().  Empress Liu, however, also planned to burn down the entire palace complex.  Li Chongmei persuaded her not to, stating to her, "The new Son of Heaven surely cannot sleep under open air.  He would only, at a future time, expend the energy of the people to rebuild.  How is it that we should die and leave the people to hate us?"  Shortly after, Li Congke's family, including Empress Liu and Li Chongmei, committed suicide by fire.

Notes and references

 Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 51.
 New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 16.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 279, 280.

10th-century births
937 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Later Tang imperial princes
Chengde jiedushi
Later Tang jiedushi
Mayors of Luoyang
Suicides in Later Tang
Suicides by self-immolation
Weibo jiedushi


title: Rareș

text:
Rareș is a Romanian masculine given name.

Peter IV Rareș, prince of Moldavia
Marculescu Rareș, profesional informatician
Ilie II Rareș, prince of Moldavia
Rareș Chintoan, Romanian wrestler
Rareș Cuzdriorean, Romanian tennis player
Rareș Dumitrescu, Romanian fencer
Rareș Enceanu Romanian footballer
Rareș Mandache Romanian basketball player
Rareș Șerban, commonly known as Chris Șerban, Canadian soccer player
Rareș Soporan, Romanian footballer
Rareș Vârtic, Romanian footballer

See also
Petru Rareș, Bistrița-Năsăud, a commune in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania
Rareș, a village in Mărtiniș Commune, Harghita County, Romania

Romanian masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Babu Bogati

text:
Babu Bogati () is a Nepalese pop singer and actor. He has also played in several television shows. He started off his career as a singer. He featured his first song called Maya Ko Aauti Chino. After that he started singing and then acting. In 2010 his first film released called Bato Muniko Phul and he began his career as an actor. On May 19, 2016, Bogati also participated in Melancholy, an environmental song by 365 Nepali singers and musicians, is conceptualized by Environmentalist Nipesh DHAKA which song broke Guinness World Records in entitled "Most Vocal Solos in a Song Recording".

Filmography

References

20th-century Nepalese male singers
21st-century Nepalese male actors
Nepalese male television actors
Nepalese male film actors
1982 births
Living people
People from Bhojpur District, Nepal
Nepalese playback singers
Khas people


title: GivingTuesday

text:
GivingTuesday, often stylized as #GivingTuesday for the purposes of hashtag activism, is the Tuesday after Thanksgiving in the United States. It is touted as a "global generosity movement unleashing the power of people and organizations to transform their communities and the world". The organization of the same name is an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit that supports the global movement.

GivingTuesday was initiated in 2012 by Henry Timms at the 92nd Street Y in New York. The co-founding organization was the United Nations Foundation, with support from BLK SHP (Black Sheep).

The date range is November 27 to December 3, and is always five days after the Thanksgiving holiday. A similar concept was also floated in 2011 at the non-profit Mary-Arrchie Theater Company in Chicago, by then-producing director Carlo Lorenzo Garcia, who urged shoppers via The Huffington Post to consider donating to charity after they had finished their Cyber Monday shopping. He suggested the name Cyber Giving Monday.

For its first eight years, GivingTuesday was housed in the 92nd Street Y's Belfer Center for Innovation & Social Impact. In June 2019, GivingTuesday split off from 92Y to become an independent organization, with Asha Curran serving as CEO.

GivingTuesday has received support from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Craig Newmark Philanthropies, Emerson Collective, Fidelity Charitable, the Ford Foundation, the Ford Motor Company, PayPal, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.

Programs

As an organization, GivingTuesday promotes the concept of "generosity not as a benevolence that the haves show to the have-nots but rather an expression of mutuality, solidarity, and reciprocity." To that end, they execute several year-round activities to support the generosity sector around the world.

GivingTuesday has a global presence through 75 country movements spanning the world, each representing their own cultures and needs, while remaining united in their determination to mobilize their countries around generosity and shared humanity. In each country, a team of entrepreneurial leaders work with their own ecosystems of communities, nonprofits, platforms, religious institutions, families, schools, and private sector partners to drive increased giving, connection, and innovation.

At a local and cause level, GivingTuesday operates through a network of leaders working toward a common goal. Around the world, hundreds of GivingTuesday communities are led by a range of hand raisers: community foundations, nonprofits, giving groups, giving circles, and social activists. In the U.S. alone, more than 240 GivingTuesday communities and coalitions drive generosity among people with a common connection to a geography, cause, culture or identity.

Data Commons
The GivingTuesday Data Commons works with partners across sectors and borders to understand the drivers and impacts of generosity, explore giving behaviors and patterns, and use data to inspire more giving around the world.  With over 100 contributing partners and 50 global data labs, the initiative is the largest philanthropic data collaboration ever built.

#GivingTuesdaySpark
Originally called GivingTuesdayKids, the #GivingTuesdaySpark program focuses on amplifying the voices of young people and spreading the culture of generosity all over the world by connecting leaders from 8 to 22 years old to boost the impact of young people assuming leadership and recognizing their power to make change.

Starling Collective
Starling Collective is a learning lab and innovative fellowship for grassroots organizers that are often philanthropically unrecognized and under-supported.

History

Summary of money moved

2012
The idea for GivingTuesday was first announced in October 2012, a month before the first planned GivingTuesday (November 27, 2012). The announcement was made by GivingTuesday founding partner Mashable, a technology website. Other founding partners listed in the story were Skype (launching Skype for Peace) and Cisco. Other partner organizations announced over the coming weeks included Microsoft, Sony, Aldo, Case Foundation, Heifer International, Phoenix House, and Starwood. Mashable provided detailed coverage of GivingTuesday.

Other news and opinion websites that announced GivingTuesday well in advance were CNet, the Huffington Post, and Deseret News.

Shortly before, during, and after the date, GivingTuesday was covered by Washington Post, the White House official blog, ABC News, and the Huffington Post. Forbes used the occasion to publish a guide to effective giving.

2013
Mashable also covered GivingTuesday in 2013, including a partnership with Google+ to hold a "hangout-athon" for GivingTuesday. The Huffington Post also covered GivingTuesday extensively.

GivingTuesday also received coverage in many philanthropy information websites, including Charity Navigator and the Chronicle of Philanthropy. The December 4 Chronicle of Philanthropy article highlighted a donation by Good Ventures (a foundation funded by Dustin Moskovitz and run by his wife Cari Tuna) to GiveDirectly, Google's hangout-a-thon, and matching grants announced by the Case Foundation.

GivingTuesday was also covered by mainstream newspapers such as the Los Angeles Times and USA Today.

Charitable giving on GivingTuesday in 2013 was approximately twice the value in 2012. Over 7,000 nonprofits participated in the 2013 GivingTuesday.

2014
In 2014, the #GivingTuesday movement launched the #GivingTower.  The #GivingTower is a partnership between 92nd Street Y, the United Nations Foundation, and Crowdrise.  Every donation in the #GivingTower represents a brick in the virtual Tower.

Philanthropy News Digest, the Chronicle of Philanthropy and Mashable reported estimates by the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy (with help from the Case Foundation), based on payments processed by Blackbaud, DonorPerfect, GlobalGiving, Network for Good, and Razoo, that a total of $45.7 million was donated on GivingTuesday ($34.9 million online, and $10.8 million offline that were processed on the next day). Of this, $26.1 million was processed by Blackbaud. The tally did not include $7.5 million that Indiegogo claimed to have raised for 419 nonprofits on that day. By 2014, the movement became global and involved organizations and individuals from 68 countries.

2015
The John Templeton Foundation released a study based on a survey of Americans that showed that whereas 93% of respondents were familiar with Black Friday, only 18% were familiar with Giving Tuesday, showing that the day still had a long way to go in terms of achieving name recognition. Nonetheless, organizers were optimistic about continued growth in money moved, volunteering, and name recognition for the day, and payment processors and retailers offered donation matching and incentive schemes to encourage people to donate on the day. In 2015, Blackbaud supplied data to show real-time statistics on an online dashboard to highlight the impact of #GivingTuesday.

Facebook's principal founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan published an open letter to their newborn daughter, announcing their intention to donate 99%+ of Zuckerberg's wealth from his Facebook shares through the newly formed Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. Their announcement, which did not mention GivingTuesday, happened on GivingTuesday 2015, and some commentators noted that the couple had taken GivingTuesday to a new level. However, Blackbaud's data analysts suspected that Zuckerberg's announcement did not have much effect on the overall volume of charitable giving for the day.

According to initial reports, Blackbaud processed $39.6 million in donations for GivingTuesday, and total money moved for the day was $117 million.

2016
In 2016, according to USA today, #GivingTuesday broke a record with $168 million in charitable donations worldwide, topping 2015 by 44%. CNBC reported GivingTuesday.org's number of $177 million. The Blackbaud group processed more than $47.7 million from more than 6,700 organizations (a 20% increase from 2015).

Furthermore, when compared with the previous year, online donation volumes increased by 31% while 33% more nonprofit groups received an online donation. Since 2012, they also calculated that the presence of GivingTuesday had increased by 317%.

In the U.K., Charities Aid Foundation announced more than one in ten adults took part in the event while 6.4 million people stated they had heard of the movement. Of these people, one in three stated they would do something for charity.

Facebook and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced $500,000 in matching for donations to fundraisers on Facebook, and Facebook waived fees for $500,000 in donations. After the $500,000 limit was hit within hours, the Gates Foundation increased its matching to $900,000.

2017
For GivingTuesday 2017, Facebook and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced $2 million in matching for donations to fundraisers on Facebook, and Facebook announced that it would waive its 5% fees for U.S.-based nonprofits all day long. Matching was limited to $1,000 per fundraiser and $50,000 per nonprofit. $45 million was raised by nonprofits through Facebook fundraisers on Giving Tuesday, well above the $2 million matching limit.

An unofficial third-party analysis, based on data shared by donors with timestamps of donations and whether or not they were matched, showed that donations were matched for only the first 86 seconds.

2018
For GivingTuesday 2018, Facebook and PayPal announced donation matching for up to $7 million in donations to United States nonprofits starting 8:00 EST on GivingTuesday, on a first-come-first-serve basis, up to $20,000 per donor and $250,000 per nonprofit. The match limit being hit was announced 9:05 EST (about one hour after the beginning of matching), and the announcement said that the match was achieved within seconds. An unofficial third-party estimate, based on data shared by donors with donation timestamps and whether or not they were matched, showed that donations made till 14 seconds after the start of donations were matched, but donations made 15 seconds or more after the start of matching were not matched. The analysis also claimed that only amounts up to $2,500 per donation were matched (distinct from the total limit per donor and per nonprofit of $20,000 and $250,000). A total of $125 million was raised via Facebook on GivingTuesday, the highest for a single day on the platform. Total donations on GivingTuesday were estimated to be nearly $400 million in the United States alone, according to tentative estimates.

2019

In July 2019, GivingTuesday spun off as a separate nonprofit from its former parent 92nd Street Y.

GivingTuesday was held on December 3, 2019. This was the first year that the GivingTuesday Data Collaborative attempted to estimate both online and offline donations on GivingTuesday. The estimate for online donations was $511 million, and the estimate for the total across online and offline donations was $1.97 billion.

Facebook announced donation matching for the first $7 million donated starting 8 AM EST on GivingTuesday (the amount matched, start time of match, and other conditions were the same as in 2018). A total of $120 million was raised through Facebook on GivingTuesday, and an additional $20 million was raised in GivingTuesday fundraisers in the week leading up to GivingTuesday. The amount raised through Facebook on GivingTuesday was slightly less than the corresponding amount from the previous year ($125 million).

An unofficial third-party analysis, based on data shared by donors with timestamps of donations and whether or not they were matched, estimated that Facebook's donation matching ran out within 14 seconds (similar to the 15 seconds seen for the previous year), but donation processing delays caused some donations made significantly earlier to not get matched.

2020

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, an extra GivingTuesday was organized for May 5, 2020, under the name of GivingTuesday Now.
On #GivingTuesdayNow, people responded with activity in 145 countries and a total of $503M in online donations were contributed in the U.S. alone.

The GivingTuesday Data Commons estimates that 34.8 million people participated in GivingTuesday on December 1, 2020, a 29% increase over 2019. GivingTuesday reports total giving increased from $1.97 billion to $2.47 billion in the United States alone, representing a 25% increase compared to GivingTuesday 2019. These totals are in addition to the surge of generosity represented by #GivingTuesdayNow on May 5.

During GivingTuesday 2020, it was reported that 12 countries officially participated in the national movement for the first time; these countries included Chile, Ghana, Guam, Ireland, Lebanon, Nigeria, Paraguay, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Korea, and Turkey.

For the normal GivingTuesday (December 1, 2020), Facebook announced slight changes to its donation matching. While the total match amount remained at $7 million and applied to donations starting at 8 AM EST, same as the previous two years, the structure of the match was changed: the first $2 million of donations to U.S. nonprofits would be matched at 100%, and the next $50 million would be matched at 10% (resulting in a spend of $5 million in matching funds). Limits were $100,000 per nonprofit and $20,000 per donor.

An unofficial third-party analysis, based on data shared by donors with timestamps of donations and whether or not they were matched, estimated that Facebook's 100% match (for the first $2 million) ran out within two seconds of matching, and the 10% match (for the next $50 million) lasted about three hours.

Reception
Reception of GivingTuesday has generally been positive, with a large number of organizations, including Google, Microsoft, Skype, Cisco, UNICEF, the Case Foundation, Save the Children, and others joining in as partners. GivingTuesday has been praised as an antithesis of consumer culture and as a way for people to give back.

Timothy Ogden, managing director of the Financial Access Initiative at New York University and board member at effective altruism organization GiveWell, wrote articles for the Stanford Social Innovation Review skeptical of GivingTuesday, one in 2012 and another in 2013.

Inside Philanthropy attributed GivingTuesday's growing success and global reach to the role that technology companies and founders played in promoting the event, including the $5 million matching grant to GiveDirectly announced by Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz's foundation Good Ventures and the $75,000 in matching funds announced by former AOL CEO Steve Case for donations made to charities supported by his organization.

A January 2015 article in Nonprofit Quarterly discussed GivingTuesday in the context of giving days in general. GivingTuesday was described as a federated, multi-platform campaign, that involved many different nonprofits and many donation processing platforms, all focusing on a single day so that they could coordinate efforts to raise awareness and publicity. It was contrasted with the Give to the Max Day in Minnesota, that involved many nonprofit participants but used a single donation processor every year to allow for better tracking of the money moved.

See also
Random Acts of Kindness Day
World Giving Index

References

External links

Philanthropy in the United States
Observances based on the date of Thanksgiving (United States)
Tuesday observances
Recurring events established in 2012
Retailing by time of year


title: Deep Shrestha

text:
Deep Shrestha () is a Nepalese singer and musician. Deep Shrestha is one of the coaches in The Voice of Nepal Season 1 (2018) and 2 (2019). "Jhaskiyecha Maan Mero", "Biteka Kura Le" and "Ma Ta Door Dekhi Aye" are among his popular songs.

Early life
Shrestha composed his first song "Ma Patharko Deuta Haina" when he was 14. He comes from a musical family in Dharan, Nepal. His father Jaya Narayan Shrestha was an ustaad and played violin and flute. His mother Indira Shrestha was a singer. Deep met other musicians early through his father.

Deep Shrestha studied bioscience after he passed his SLC exams. He thought that he would continue his studies but he missed his exams thrice because he was busy performing as a musician.

Career
Shrestha formally started his musical career in the late 1960s. This era is deemed as the golden era of Nepali modern music. Before this he performed in cultural programs and other locally organized functions in eastern Nepal. His opportunity to officially pursue music came when a Dharan theatre team came to Kathmandu to stage a drama in Rastriya Nachghar, including the Late King Mahendra. Shrestha portrayed a singer. His melodious voice and well-composed music held everyone spellbound. King Mahendra was so impressed that he allowed Shrestha to record as many songs as he wished. In 2025 (Bikram Sambat), when even established singers had to wait for many days to schedule a recording session at Radio Nepal (the only recording studio then), he was allowed to record six songs. In subsequent years, Shrestha came to Kathmandu once in a year to record. After 2028 B.S., Shrestha started participating in the Nationwide Music Competition, which led to a first prize in vocals in 2030 B.S. for the song "Bidhawako Sindoorko Rahar".

Shrestha was musically active for another decade. Then, slowly, he stopped singing. He was busy with his official work and 'did not feel like recording new songs'. The Nepalese music industry expanded and professionalized. Technology drew him back and he again started singing.

Personal life
He married Sophiya Gurung who is originally from Darjeeling. They have two daughters. He works as an assistant music director at the Nepal Academy, Nepal. Shrestha has enriched the anthology of Nepali music with hundreds of modern and patriotic songs.

Awards
 	Best Male Vocal, Radio Nepal – 1970
 	Best Male Vocal, Radio Nepal – 1971
 	Best Male Vocal, Gold Medal, Radio Nepal – 1973
 	Best Male Vocal Award, All Nepal Music Competition – 1983
 	Chhinnalata Purashkar – 1993
 	Radio Nepal, Samman Patra – 13 April 1999
 	San Miguel Music Award – 2000
 	Swar Sangam Sangitalaya, Biratnagar, Samman Patra – 2000
 	Record of the Year, Hits FM Music Awards – 2001
 	Best Male Vocal, Hits FM Music Awards – 2001
 	Album of the Year, Hits FM Music Awards – 2001
 	Best Vocal Performance, 6th Annual Image Award – 2003
 	SEBA, Samman Patra – 27 May 2003
 	Purvanchal Auddhogik Byapar Mela, Samman Patra – 17 February 2004
 	Shri Rashtriya Jagriti Club, Itahari, Samman Patra – 10 November 2004
 	Sadhana, Samman Patra – 10 July 2005
 	Gorkha Dakshin Bahu, Fourth – 17 July 2005
 	Image Lifetime Achievement Award – 2007
 	Narayani Kala Mandir, Samman Patra – 3 January 2009.
 	Kalanidhi Indira Sangeet Maha Vidyalaya, Samman Patra – 9 April 2009
 	The Creative Hands of Nepal, Samman Patra – 8 October 2010
 	Humdard, Samman Patra – 2010
 	Purvanchal Sanskritik Sambardhan, Samman Patra
 	Best Male Vocal Performance, Hits FM Award – 2010
 	Best Male Vocal Performance, Image Award – 2012
 	Best Song of the Year, Image Award – 2012
 Winning coach of Voice of Nepal Season 1 - 2018

Discography
 	Best of Narayan Gopal and Deep Shrestha (Ratna Records)
 	Abhas, Part I & II (Cassettes – Nepal Television)
 	Best of Deep Shrestha (CD, Cassettes – Melody Times)
 	Bhajanaamrit (Cassettes – DS Music Nepal)
 	Drisht (CD, Cassettes –  DS Music Nepal)
 	Shrinkhala (Music.com and DS Music Nepal)
 	Aavriti (CD – DS Music Nepal)
 	Antara (CD, DVD – DS Music Nepal)
 	Yatra – I (CD – Music.com)
 	Yatra – II (CD – Asian Music)

TV
 The Voice of Nepal Season 1, 2 & 3 as a coach

References

Living people
21st-century Nepalese male singers
20th-century Nepalese male singers
People from Dharan
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Jaroslav Gabro

text:
Jaroslav Gabro (July 31, 1919 - March 28, 1980) was a bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States.  He served as the first eparch (bishop) of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Nicholas of Chicago from 1961 to 1980.

Biography
Born in Chicago, Illinois Gabro was ordained a priest for the Apostolic Exarchate of United States of America on September 27, 1945. Pope John XXIII named him as the bishop of St. Nicholas of Chicago on July 14, 1961. He was ordained a bishop by Archbishop Ambrozij Andrew Senyshyn, O.S.B.M. of Philadelphia on October 26, 1961.  The principal co-consecrators were Bishop Isidore Borecky of Toronto and Bishop Joseph M. Schmondiuk of Stamford.  He attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).  Gabro served the eparchy as its bishop until his death on March 28, 1980, at the age of 60.

References

1919 births
1980 deaths
Clergy from Chicago
Bishops of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
American Eastern Catholic bishops
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
20th-century American clergy


title: Piper hooglandii

text:
Piper hooglandii, commonly known as kava, is a flowering plant in the family Piperaceae. The specific epithet honours Dutch botanist Ruurd Dirk Hoogland.

Description
It is a shrub growing to 2–3 m in height. The aromatic, alternate, heart-shaped leaves are 7–12 cm long and 8–13 cm wide. The flowers have no petals; the male flowering spikes are 10 cm long, the female 6 cm. The fleshy, 10 mm diameter berries are hard, red and pungently peppery when ripe. The flowering season is from September to November, with the fruit ripening from March to May.

Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It is locally common as an understorey plant on basaltic soil in moist, shady conditions, from the summits of the island's mountains down to an elevation of about 50 m along streams.

References

hooglandii
Endemic flora of Lord Howe Island
Plants described in 1993
Magnoliids of Australia


title: List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 1974

text:
This is a list of singles that have peaked in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 during 1974.

Elton John scored five top ten hits during the year with "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road", "Bennie and the Jets", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "The Bitch Is Back", and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", the most among all other artists.

Top-ten singles

1973 peaks

1975 peaks

See also
 1974 in music
 List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1974 (U.S.)
 Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1974

References

General sources

Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Seventies ()
Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.

1974
United States Hot 100 Top 10


title: Nati Kaji

text:
Amrit Lal Shrestha (25 December 1925 – 2 November 2003), better known as  Nati Kaji (), was a Nepali singer and songwriter. Kaji was a prominent music director and singer of his time having composed and sung such evergreen songs as Nepali Hami (written by Madhav Prasad Ghimire).

Early life
Natikaji was a nickname given to Amrit Lal Shrestha by his grandparents, and became the name he is known by throughout the country. He was born in 1925 at Pulchowk, Lalitpur. He lost his mother at the age of 5 and his father at the age of 10 and so was raised by his grandparents at Gujeshwori where his grandfather was the temple priest. Natikaji died on 2 November 2003.

Career
Nati Kaji commenced his musical venture at age 7 when he started playing the harmonium at the Gujeshwori Bhajan Mandali. His professional music career initiated when he joined Radio Nepal in 1950. During the 40 years of his service in Radio Nepal, he composed over 2000 songs of varied genres. He is credited for over 15 operas, such as Pijada ko Suga, Kunjani, Prithvi Narayan Shah ka Char Pakchhya.
Marna Baru Garho Hunna, an evergreen song penned by Tirtha Raj Tuladhar, sung by Phatteman Rajbhandari remains one of his best compositions.

Recognition
His awards include Gorkha Dakshin Bahu Pratham, Indra Rajya Laxmi Pragya Puraskar, Chinnalata Geet Puraskar and Bhupal Sangeet Puraskaramong.

Filmography

References

20th-century Nepalese male singers
1925 births
2003 deaths
Nepalese songwriters
People from Lalitpur District, Nepal


title: Windtree Therapeutics

text:
Windtree Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Discovery Laboratories) is an American company which was set up in 1992 and now is based in Warrington, Pennsylvania, developing drug products (pulmonary medicine) for patients with respiratory disease. The company joined an alliance with Laboratorios del Dr. Esteve, S.A. In 2016, Discovery Laboratories changed name to Windtree Therapeutics, Inc.

Products and services
The major products of the company are Surfaxin (based on its capillary aerosol-generating technology) and Aerosurf. Surfaxin is a synthetic, peptide-containing (KL4) surfactant, similar to pulmonary surfactant, which is naturally in the lung for normal respiratory function. The drug is delivered by its capillary aerosol-generating technology to the lung. Aerosurf is a drug-device combination to prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. In addition, the company also provides Afectair devices (disposable aerosol-conducting airway connectors).

Research and development
In November 2013, Discovery Laboratories began its phase II clinical program of aerosolized KL4 since U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had cleared the investigational new drug (IND) application.  The phase II consists of two steps to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the drug and determine the optimal dose for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

In October 2013, Discovery Laboratories received the agreement of updating Surfaxin (lucinactant) Intratracheal Suspension from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants.

In September 2012, Discovery Laboratories started the four research projects to explore the KL4 surfactant technology for acute lung injury (ALI). These projects are funded through government-sponsored, biodefense-related initiatives under the Project Bioshield Act of 2004 and the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006.

References

Pharmaceutical companies established in 1992
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
1992 establishments in Pennsylvania
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States


title: Tony Zych

text:
Anthony Aaron Zych (; born August 7, 1990) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball from 2015 through 2017. Zych is notable as the last player in alphabetical order among all of those who have ever played major league baseball.

Amateur career
Zych is from Monee, Illinois. He traveled  each way from Monee to attend St. Rita of Cascia High School in Chicago, Illinois, due to the higher level of competition offered in the Chicago Catholic League than he would have faced if he attended Crete-Monee High School. He played for the school's baseball team as a second baseman, and also occasionally served as their closing pitcher. As a senior, Zych had a .410 batting average and a 9–2 win–loss record.

After graduating from high school, the Chicago Cubs selected Zych in the 46th round of the 2008 Major League Baseball draft. He opted not to sign, and instead enrolled at the University of Louisville, where he played college baseball for the Louisville Cardinals. Competing in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves in 2010, Zych received the league's Outstanding Relief Pitcher and Outstanding Pro Prospect awards. He served as the closer for Louisville.

Professional career

Chicago Cubs
The Chicago Cubs selected Zych in the fourth round of the 2011 Major League Baseball draft, and he signed with the Cubs. The Cubs assigned Zych to the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League in 2011. He began the 2012 season with the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, and was promoted to the Tennessee Smokies of the Class AA Southern League. After the 2012 season, the Cubs assigned Zych to the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League, where he had a 1.29 ERA in seven games. He returned to Tennessee in 2013, and had a 5–5 win–loss record and a 3.05 earned run average (ERA). He returned to Tennessee in 2014, and had a 4–5 win–loss record with a 5.09 ERA.

Seattle Mariners
At the end of spring training in 2015, the Cubs traded Zych to the Seattle Mariners for a player to be named later or cash considerations in the amount of $1. The Cubs eventually chose the dollar over a player. In 2015, Zych pitched for the Jackson Generals of the Southern League and the Tacoma Rainiers of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. Between the two teams, he pitched to a 2.98 ERA with 55 strikeouts in  total innings. The Mariners promoted him to the major leagues on September 1, 2015. He made his major league debut on September 4. He had a 2.45 ERA with 24 strikeouts in  innings pitched for Seattle. , Zych's name ranks last alphabetically among the 19,000-plus to play in the major leagues.

Zych began the 2016 season with the Mariners, and allowed four earned runs in 12 innings pitched in April. After an appearance on May 1, 2016, Zych went on the disabled list with tendinitis in his right rotator cuff. He rested the shoulder until August. He made two appearances for the Mariners towards the end of the season, before he was shut down due to the shoulder pain During the 2016–17 offseason, he had a biceps tendon transfer surgery in his shoulder: a surgery that had never before been performed in an MLB player. He missed ten games of the 2017 season in April while recovering from the offseason shoulder surgery, and went on the disabled list in August 2017 with an elbow strain. Through 2017, Zych pitched to a 7–3 win–loss record and 2.72 ERA. He missed much of the 2016 and 2017 seasons with elbow and shoulder injuries. Again limited by injuries during spring training in 2018, the Mariners released Zych on March 10, 2018.

New York Yankees
On February 12, 2020, Zych signed a minor league deal with the New York Yankees. Zych did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He became a free agent on November 2, 2020.

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Arizona League Cubs players
Arizona League Mariners players
Boise Hawks players
Bourne Braves players
Daytona Cubs players
Jackson Generals (Southern League) players
Louisville Cardinals baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mesa Solar Sox players
Seattle Mariners players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tennessee Smokies players


title: Dhiraj Rai

text:
Dhiraj Rai () also known as Stage King is a singer, musician and songwriter from Khotang, Nepal. Rai's first recorded song is ‘Luki Luki’.

Career

Rai started his career in 1990. Generally, his songs are based on love using the conventions of pop and rock. His popular album are ‘Premi’, ‘Prithak’, ‘Buddha Born in Nepal’.

He has sung an unplugged version of his solo song "Himal Najhuke Samma".

Discography

Albums
Buddha Was Born in Nepal
Freedom
Prithak

Selected songs

References

21st-century Nepalese male singers
Nepalese songwriters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Nepalese male singers
Nepalese rock singers
Rai people


title: Sanghyang Kamahayanikan

text:
Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is part of the prose literature of Javanese people. This Tantric Buddhist treatise describes Javanese Buddhism, architecture and iconography. The back side of this literature contain a name of Javanese king, i.e. Mpu Sindok, which is throned at East Java from 929 to 947 CE.

In his dissertation, Dr. Noehardi Magetsari (2000) mentioned that the structure of Borobudur actually shows the developmental stages of a yogi experiences to achieve Buddhahood where feelings and thoughts stop. Borobudur's popular term of Kamadhatu, Rupadhatu, Arupadhatu are also contained in Sanghyang Kamahayanikan.

History
It was written about 929-947 CE by Mpu Shri Sambhara Surya Warama from East Java, the successor of the Mataram Kingdom which was shifted to East Java. The oldest literature was found on Lombok Island in 1900. Professor Yunboll discussed it on 1908 and then it was translated into Dutch by J.deKatt in 1940. Later on it was inspected by Professor Wuff. This literature was translated into Indonesian by I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa. The last process in the translation was done by "Translation Team of Buddhist Scriptures Ditura Buddha, Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs."

Contents
This literature contains Mahayana (especially Vajrayana) Buddhism teachings, mostly about the list of deities found in Mahayana Buddhism- which is often matched with the placement of the Buddhist kings in the Borobudur temple. The literature also contains the procedures in meditation.

According to D.K. Widya, Sanghyang Kamahayanikan teaches how one can attain Buddhahood, i.e. a student must first practice Pāramitā, then described Paramaguhya and Mahaguhya. As an addition, it also explained the philosophy of Adwaya that overcoming the dualism "existence" and "non-existence". In the book there is a very detailed description of how a tantric yogi prepare himself for spiritual path, from the start until the implementation of multilevel worships. It is said that the Vajrayana doctrines is meditation towards Five Tathagata. By worshipping them, a yogi can attain the purity of mind.

Popular culture
The Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan Award is an award of Borobudur Writers and Cultural Festival for any individual or groups who have been responsible and has contributed greatly to the cultural and historical assessment of Indonesia. The award mainly conferred to Indonesian or international historians, writers, archaeologists, cultural, historical background author, playwright, puppeteer, clergy, philologist, and so on.

See also
Mahāyāna sūtras
A Record of Buddhist Practices Sent Home from the Southern Sea

References

External links
Sanghyang-kamahayanikan

Mahayana texts
Javanese culture


title: Lorenzo Pareto

text:
Lorenzo Nicolò Pareto (Genoa, 6 December 1800 – Genoa, 19 June 1865) was an Italian geologist and statesman.

As a man of science, he is considered one of the fathers of modern geology.  A member of the Italian National Academy of Sciences, he is credited with naming the Villafranchian age,  a European land mammal age between 3 and 2 million years ago overlapping the end of the Pliocene era and beginning of the Pleistocene era.

As a politician, he is remembered as a member of Giovine Italia and a patriot during the period of Italian unification.  He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies of the 2nd and 3rd legislatures of Kingdom of Sardinia,  and served as foreign minister in the cabinet of Italian writer and statesman Cesare Balbo, first constitutional prime minister of Piedmont.

References

1800 births
1865 deaths
Scientists from Genoa
19th-century Italian geologists
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Sardinia)
Politicians from Genoa


title: Amata rubritincta

text:
Amata rubritincta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1903. It is found in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

References

rubritincta
Moths described in 1903
Moths of Africa


title: Amata rufina

text:
Amata rufina is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Oberthür in 1878. It is found in Eritrea and Ethiopia.

References

 Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

rufina
Moths described in 1878
Moths of Africa


title: Amata schoutedeni

text:
Amata schoutedeni is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1954. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

schoutedeni
Moths described in 1954
Moths of Africa
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: Amata shoa

text:
Amata shoa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in Ethiopia and Sudan.

References

shoa
Moths described in 1898
Moths of Africa


title: Amata similis

text:
Amata similis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1922. It is found in Kenya.

References

similis
Moths described in 1922
Moths of Africa


title: Amata simplex

text:
Amata simplex is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa.

References

simplex
Moths described in 1854
Moths of Africa


title: Amata soror

text:
Amata soror is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Ferdinand Le Cerf in 1922. It is found in Kenya.

References

soror
Moths described in 1922
Moths of Africa


title: Amata stanleyi

text:
Amata stanleyi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1965. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

stanleyi
Moths described in 1965
Moths of Africa
Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


title: 1939 Pan Am Sikorsky S-43 crash

text:
The Seaplane Baby Clipper NC 16933 Crash took place in Rio de Janeiro on August 13, 1939. The aircraft, owned by Pan Am, was flying Miami-Rio, with stops in the cities of Antilla, Port-au-Prince, San Pedro de Macorís, San Juan, Port of Spain, Georgetown, Paramaribo, Cayenne, Belém, São Luís, Fortaleza, Natal, João Pessoa, Recife, Maceió, Aracaju, Salvador, Caravelas and Vitória. This would be the first accident of a Pan Am aircraft in Brazil.

Aircraft

The Sikorsky S-43 was a Flying Boat seaplane. Pan Am would order 10 units, which would be used on routes connecting the United States to the Caribbean and Latin America. The aircraft involved in the accident was manufactured at the Sikorsky Aircraft Industrial Plant in Bridgeport, CT. It was assigned the serial number "4324". Construction would be finished on December 20th, 1936. After being flight-tested and approved, it would receive tail number NC 16933 from the Civil Aeronautics Authority. These aircraft would be christened "Baby Clipper" by Pan Am. The "Baby Clippers" began service at Pan Am on September 10, 1937, and would be retired in 1945.

Flight history

The aircraft involved was a three-year-old Sikorsky S-43B airliner registered NC16933.  It had first flown in 1936, and had accumulated a total of 3,650 flight hours during its career.

The aircraft took off from Miami on a scheduled international passenger flight to Rio de Janeiro, with many stopovers across the Caribbean and South America.  As it neared its destination, the aircraft circled Rio in preparation for a normal approach.  As it was circling, however, the left engine lost power, putting the aircraft into a descending left yaw turn.  As the yaw grew sharper, the pitch angle also steepened until the aircraft struck a caisson and crashed into Guanabara Bay, about one kilometer from Rio's Santos Dumont Airport.  Of the twelve passengers and four crew members, only two passengers survived.

References

External links
 Accident Report of the Air Safety Board of the Civil Aeronautics Authority, January 9, 1940 (PDF)

1939 in Brazil
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1939
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Aviation accidents and incidents in Brazil


title: Cap and bells

text:
The cap and bells is a type of fool's cap with bells worn by a court fool or jester. The bells were also added to the dangling sleeves and announced the appearance of the jester.

Forms
The cap and bells could be in the following forms:
Ass's ears and an ass's tail, often curling forward
Horns
Cockscomb crest
Royal court jester costume
Bi-color coxcomb cap
Fool's cap and masque
Other forms of fool's cap in England  were shaped like a monk's cowl with ass's ears, a high-pointed cap covered with bells, or a round cap with an imposing feather.

Gallery

References

Caps
Jesters


title: Cap and bells (disambiguation)

text:
The cap and bells is a jester's cap.

Cap and bells may also refer to:

Cap and Bells, a 1913 film by Frank Clewlow
 Cap and Bells II, a thoroughbred filly, the 1901 winner of  Epsom Oaks
Cap and Bells, an 1886 book by Samuel Minturn Peck
The Cap and Bells, an 1819 verse by John Keats
Le Bonnet du fou, a 1918 film by Luigi Pirandello


title: Raymond Araiji

text:
Raymond "Rony" Araiji (in Arabic ريمون "روني" عريجي) (born in Zgharta, Lebanon on 31 July 1965) is a Lebanese politician, lawyer and government minister.

Education and career
He received a bachelor's degree in law from the Saint Joseph University (USJ), Beirut in 1988 and a post graduate studies diploma in private law in 1989 from the same university.

In 1990, he joined the Beirut Bar Association as a lawyer, and then continued to practice his legal profession at his private office.

He is a founding member of the Marada Movement and previously a consultant to Suleiman Tony Frangieh. He was foreign relations coordinator for the Marada Movement political bureau.

On 15 February 2014, he was named as the minister of culture in the cabinet of Lebanese Prime Minister Tammam Salam. His tenure ended in 2016.

Private life
He is married to Wadad Abdullah and has two daughters.

References

External links
Raymond Araygi on Ehden Family Tree website
Homepage of law office

Living people
Culture ministers of Lebanon
People from Zgharta
Free Patriotic Movement politicians
Marada Movement politicians
Lebanese Maronites
1965 births
Saint Joseph University alumni