title: Paul Harry Henson

text:
Paul Harry Henson (July 22, 1925 - April 12, 1997) built the first large scale fiber optic network while at United Telecommunications.

Biography
He was born on July 22, 1925, in Lincoln, Nebraska. He served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. He attended the University of Nebraska and received both a bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering. He died on April 12, 1997, in Palm Springs, California.

References

1925 births
1997 deaths
University of Nebraska alumni
Sprint Corporation people
American electrical engineers


title: Ed Church, Uppland

text:
Ed Church () is a Lutheran church about 3 km southwest of the centre of Upplands Väsby, Stockholm County, Sweden. It belongs to the Diocese of Stockholm. It is a listed building, protected by law.

History and architecture
Construction of the church started in the 12th century, and it was expanded during the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1487, the interior of the church was decorated with frescos by Albertus Pictor. During Catholic times, the church was dedicated to Saint Olaf.

Reconstruction works were carried out in 1768. The tower was made higher, the windows enlarged and several medieval elements removed. The frescos were covered with whitewash. Architect Jean Eric Rehn designed parts of the new interior elements, notably the pulpit. The reconstruction was supported by Charles De Geer, who also supported reconstruction works at nearby Hammarby and Fresta churches. The external similarities between Fresta and Ed churches are striking.

A renovation was made in 1917-18 by architect Sigurd Curman, who at the time lived in the parish. He uncovered the medieval frescos and commissioned artist Olle Hjortzberg to make additional frescos for the 18th-century vaults. Hjortzberg also designed the new stained glass windows.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Stockholm County
Churches in the Diocese of Stockholm (Church of Sweden)
Churches converted from the Roman Catholic Church to the Church of Sweden


title: 1966 State of the Union Address

text:
The 1966 State of the Union Address was given by Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States, on Wednesday, January 12, 1966, to the 89th United States Congress. In the speech, Johnson addressed the then-ongoing war in Vietnam, his Great Society and War on Poverty domestic programs, civil rights, and other matters.

See also
United States House of Representatives elections, 1966

References

External links
 1966 State of the Union Address (full video and audio at www.millercenter.org)

State of the Union addresses
Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
89th United States Congress
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
State of the Union Address
January 1966 events in the United States
Speeches by Lyndon B. Johnson


title: The Fall of the Rebel Angels (film)

text:
The Fall of the Rebel Angels (Italian: La caduta degli angeli ribelli) is a 1981 Italian drama film written and directed by Marco Tullio Giordana. For her performance Alida Valli won the  David di Donatello for best supporting actress.

Plot
Cecilia, a young bourgeois, despite her comfortable life, leaves work, family and loved ones to follow a man whom she met by chance and who will later discover to be a terrorist isolated from his companions. But this life in constant flight is not for her, she will decide to end it with a dramatic choice.

Cast
Vittorio Mezzogiorno as Vittorio
Clio Goldsmith as  Cecilia
Yves Beneyton as Giovanni
Alida Valli as  Bettina
Francesca Rinaldi as Viola

See also
 List of Italian films of 1981

References

External links

1981 films
Italian drama films
1981 drama films
Films directed by Marco Tullio Giordana
1980s Italian-language films
1980s Italian films


title: Robert William Keith

text:
Robert William Keith (1787–1846) was an English musical composer and writer.

Life
Born at Stepney on 20 March 1787, he was the son of Cornelius Keith, organist of St. Peter's, Cornhill, and of the Danish Chapel in Wellclose Street, and the grandson of William Keith, organist of West Ham Church (d. 1800). From the latter Keith learnt the rudiments of music, and from François Hippolyte Barthélémon and others the violin, harmony, and composition.

Keith kept at 131 Cheapside a musical and musical instrument warehouse, and prepared many of his own publications. He died on 19 June 1846.

Works
While organist and composer to the New Jerusalem Church in Friars Street, Keith published A Selection of Sacred Melodies … to which is prefixed Instructions for the use of Young Organists …, London, 1816. There followed A Musical Vade Mecum, being a compendious Introduction to the whole art of Music; Part I, containing the Principles of Notation, etc., in an easy categorical form, apprehensible to the meanest capacity, London, 1820 (?); Part II, Elements of Musical Composition.

Keith compiled instruction-books for pianoforte, flute, and Spanish guitar (by "Paulus Prucilli"), and a violin preceptor, which went through many editions. Some of Keith's sacred music was published by Muzio Clementi. He set to music elegiac verses Britannia, Mourn, on the death of the Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales, 1817; arranged the overture and airs from Der Freischütz as duet for two violins, c. 1830; and edited Favourite Airs with Variations, for the Violin.

Notes

Attribution

1787 births
1846 deaths
English organists
British male organists
English composers
19th-century English musicians
19th-century British male musicians
19th-century organists


title: Hans Sachs (poster collector)

text:
Hans Sachs (1881-1974) was a Berlin dentist whose greatest accomplishment came from his passion for posters. He was the leading founder of an important group devoted to collecting posters which started an influential poster magazine. Before the seizure of his collection of 12,500 posters during Kristallnacht on 9 November 1938, he had the largest collection of posters in Germany, probably in the world. He was able to escape to the United States, but he never regained possession of the posters. After years of court battles, 4,344 posters were returned to his son in 2013. Some will be given to museums, but most have been or will be sold at auction.

His life in Germany
Hans Josef Sachs was born in Breslau, Germany, now Wrocław, Poland, on 11 August 1881. He began collecting posters when he was only 16, possibly inspired by a gift to his father of three life-size prints of Sarah Bernhardt signed by Alphonse Mucha. In 1903-4 he served a year in the army, and again for some months in 1914–15. He was educated as a chemist, receiving his doctorate in 1904 in chemistry, physics, and mathematics; and then another in dentistry. He then interned for six months in the United States. He was married for the first time in 1910. While he was successful as a dentist, with Albert Einstein among his patients, and wrote a number of standard works on periodontosis, his avocation was posters. He regularly worked from three o'clock in the afternoon into the night on his passion, making a detailed index card for each poster, each of which was identified by a numbered label. His poster collection grew, and in 1905 he was one of the principal founders and then the president of the Verein der Plakatfreunde (Society of Poster Friends), which soon had regional chapters. In 1910 it founded a quarterly Das Plakat (The Poster), with Sachs as both editor and publisher.

The purpose of Das Plakat was to promote poster art, for both collectors and scholars. While there were a number of magazines devoted to posters, of Das Plakat it was said "And the clarion of this German poster exuberance was a magazine called Das Plakat, which not only exhibited the finest poster examples from Germany and other European countries, but its high standards underscored its exquisite printing, established qualitative criteria that defined the decade of graphic design between 1910 and 1920." Moreover, "given its focus on conventional and avant garde sensibilities (it) emerged as a more historically influential review than any of the others". During its short life from 1910 to 1921, its circulation grew from 200 to over 10,000. The Verein der Plakatfreunde ended a year later. It is unclear why the poster group and its magazine ended, possibly because of conflicts between collectors, art lovers, commercial artists, and business.

After the war, he was appointed to a panel charged with selecting designs for postage stamps for the new Weimar Republic, and to the board of film censorship. After the end of the group, he lost all interest in posters for two years. Then a fire broke out in his house in the room where they were kept, but the thick walls of their storage cabinets insulated the posters from damage. He hired a famous architect, Oskar Kaufmann, to design a small museum, a special room in his house to hold and display his posters. The room was almost finished when another fire broke out. It was rebuilt by the middle of 1926. Two years later, he moved, and rebuilt the museum in the new house. His love for the collection revived, and he added many new posters, worked on its catalog, and arranged lectures.

The poster collection
The collection was not narrowly focused. Its 12,500 posters included works by world-famous artists such as Pierre Bonnard, Wassily Kandinsky, Käthe Kollwitz, Edvard Munch , and 31 of the 35 posters designed by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. There were posters by the Viennese Secessionists Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Joseph Maria Olbrich, and the Munich Secessionist Franz Stuck; and Art Nouveau and Jugendstil posters by Aubrey Beardsley, Thomas Theodor Heine, Alphonse Mucha, and Henry van de Velde. Famous Plakatstil (Posterstyle) artists included Edmund Edel, Hans Rudi Erdt, Julius Gipkens, Ludwig Hohlwein, Julius Klinger, Hans Lindenstadt, ,, and  . Others were by Continental leaders in graphic design and posters Lucian Bernhard, Jules Chéret, Max Pechstein, Théophile Steinlen, and Félix Vallotton, joined with works by famous American artists James Montgomery Flagg, Charles Dana Gibson, Maxfield Parrish, and Edward Penfield.

Arrest, escape from Germany and life in America
On 9 November 1938, Kristallnacht, he was arrested and sent to the Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg concentration camp. The collection was stolen by order of Joseph Goebbels, who wanted them for a proposed new wing devoted to business art in the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin (Museum of Decorative Arts). After 17 days in the concentration camp, Sachs was released, and with his second wife Felicia and their one-year-old son Peter were able to escape from Germany, first to London for a few days, and then to New York. From his former collection he was able to take with him only the 31 posters by Toulouse-Lautrec, which he later sold in America. Despite a recommendation from his former patient in Berlin, Albert Einstein, that he was well qualified to practice dentistry, he had to return to school, getting a second doctorate in dentistry from the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in 1941.
In the 1950s, he was told by the West German government that the posters had been destroyed by the Russians. In 1961 he accepted compensation of about 225,000 marks, then about $25,000. But in 1966, many were rediscovered in East Berlin, in the basement of the Deutsches Historisches Museum (German Historical Museum). Sachs's posters were identified by his label affixed to the back. Although Sachs flew to Berlin in 1974, he was not allowed to enter East Berlin. He died that year on March 21 without seeing his posters again.

Later history
After seven years in the courts, in February 2009, Hans Sachs's son Peter was ruled to be the lawful owner of 4,344 posters, but it was not until 2013 that they were released. Guernsey's auction house in New York held sales in January and November 2013, and will hold a third on a date not yet announced. Buyers included the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Peter Sachs died in September 2013.

References

Further reading
 Martijn F. Le Coultre, René Grohnert, Bernhard Denscher, Robert K. Brown, Suzanne Glass. Hans Sachs and the Poster Revolution. Stichting het ReclameArsenaal. 2013,

External links

1881 births
1974 deaths
Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
German collectors
Harvard School of Dental Medicine alumni
German dentists
20th-century dentists
German magazine founders


title: Hasselborg Lake South Shelter Cabin

text:
The Hasselborg Lake South Shelter Cabin is a historic backcountry shelter in the Admiralty Island National Monument, part of the Tongass National Forest in Southeast Alaska.  It is one of a number of such facilities built by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) on the Admiralty Island Canoe Route between 1933 and 1937.  The cabin is located on the southwest of Hasselborg Lake, north of the Hasselborg Cabin, and near the portage trail leading to Lake Guerin.  As built by the CCC, it was a three-sided Adirondack-style log shelter with shake walls and roof.  Sills and the lower ends of its posts have been replaced due to rot.

The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1935
Civilian Conservation Corps in Alaska
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska
Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Tongass National Forest
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
1935 establishments in Alaska


title: Vikas Thakur

text:
Vikas Thakur (born 14 November 1993) is an Indian weightlifter from Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh) who won silver in the men's 85 kg weight class at the 2014 Commonwealth Games at Glasgow, Scotland. He won a bronze in the 94 kg weight class at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in The Gold Coast. He won the silver medal in the men's 96kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England.

References

External links

Living people
Indian male weightlifters
1993 births
Weightlifters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Weightlifters at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Weightlifters at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Weightlifters at the 2014 Asian Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting
Weightlifters at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for India
21st-century Indian people
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games


title: Sucker Brook (Canandaigua Lake)

text:
Sucker Brook is a short stream that drains into the northwest corner of Canandaigua Lake, New York, United States. It flows in a  hairpin-shaped course from uplands in the town of Canandaigua to the lake, in the eponymous city. The name comes from the white sucker fish abundant in its waters.

It may have originally drained into another body of water prior to the formation of the lake, which changed its outlet through stream piracy. Lime dissolved in its waters from the limestone bedrock it flows over creates rare oncolites known locally as "water biscuits' on the north shore of Squaw Island, one of two islands in the 11 Finger Lakes, near its mouth. The brook has seen some pollution issues in recent years, as the channel at its mouth has been widened to increase recreational opportunities available in the area.

Course

Sucker Brook rises in a wooded area southeast of the intersection of Bliss and Wool House roads in the Town of Canandaigua, in the uplands 1.5 miles (3 km) west of the lake,  above sea level. It flows northwesterly at first, crossing under Bliss amid large expanses of cultivated land. It bends north and then northeast at a smaller wooded area with two farm ponds, following the slope of the land.

Following channels between fields and receiving the runoff from those fields through even smaller channels between them, the stream trends more to the east. After crossing under Hickox Road its banks become noticeably forested as it enters another large wooded wetland where it receives an unnamed tributary from the east. The combined stream then flows north, under Bristol Road (Ontario County Route 32).

From there it descends more sharply again, losing  of elevation by the time it reaches its next crossing, Buffalo Road (New York State Route 5 and U.S. Route 20). The channel continues to be lined with trees, its irregular course forming the boundaries of the fields it passes through. After its next crossing, Buffalo Street Extension, it curves more to the northeast again, then northwest, briefly returning to the northeast just before it goes under North Bloomfield Road (County Route 30). This costs the stream another  of elevation.

Here Sucker Brook makes its most significant change of direction. It turns to the east, then bends southeast, paralleling the bases of some nearby hills to the south, and crosses under North Bloomfield a second time. Then it flows almost straight southwest, closely paralleling the western boundary of the City of Canandaigua, recrossing Buffalo Street Extension in the process.

At Woodlawn Cemetery, it turns eastward again, following around the base of Arsenal Hill and entering the city. It turns southeast and straightens out as it crosses several streets, recrosses Routes 5 and 20 and then drains into Canandaigua Lake just west of the city pier. From West Avenue on the stream channel shows signs of having been modified. At Parrish Street it becomes wider, accommodating boat slips on either side, and its mouth has been dredged.

Natural history

The brook takes its name from the white sucker fish, which enter it from the lake in April and May to spawn. They have been observed as far upstream from the lake as Woodlawn Cemetery's raceways. The eggs hatch 5–10 days after spawning, and when the fry have matured, they return to the lake. Their presence is not an indicator of the stream's environmental health, as they can tolerate poor-quality water but will also spawn in pristine water.

They are primarily bottom feeders, with the fry living off microcrustaceans, algae, and rotifers while the adults prefer larger crustaceans, insects, and snails. A survey of the brook's fishery was scheduled to be done in 2000. Other fauna found in the creek include dragonfly and crane fly larvae.

Geology

Most of the brook's watershed is underlain by limestone and shale bedrock that dips gently southward. Soil is mostly glacial till. Near the mouth, in the city, Sucker Brook flows through areas of silt and clay loams. The stream's abrupt change of course back towards the lake suggests that it arose prior to the formation of the lake after the last Ice Age, flowing into another stream or body of water, until stream piracy changed its course to drain into the newly formed lake.

The interaction of the brook's outflow and the lake's counterclockwise shore currents has created Squaw Island a short distance offshore from its mouth, from deposited sediments. It is one of two islands in the 11 Finger Lakes, along with Frontenac Island off Union Springs in Cayuga Lake. Lime dissolved in the water from the bedrock has interacted with algae growing in the water to create a rare phenomenon called oncolites, small flat lime saucers around a pebble or gravel substrate known locally as "water biscuits". Research into them led the state to formally protect the island in 1918; today the state Department of Environmental Conservation lists it as a Unique Area.

Hydrology

In 1999 three researchers from the State University of New York at Brockport surveyed the brook and its waters to see how polluted it might be, as neighbors of the brook in the city had been complaining about how dirty it was for some time. There is little significant industry in the watershed, but much of the land surrounding the upper section of the brook is farmed. In the past, while some spills into the creek have been of fuels, most have been waste products from winemaking, the region's signature industry. Dissolved road salt also washed into the creek from the town's highway garage, driving up chloride levels in the water. Untreated waste from livestock washed into the creek's headwaters, giving Sucker Brook the highest fecal coliform counts of any of the lake's tributaries.

The researchers recommended methods of controlling the pollution. They noted that road salt was used at a much higher rate in the Sucker Brook subwatershed than anywhere else near the lake, and that the town's salt supplies were not protected from running off into the brook. The high coliform levels, far higher than that permitted for recreational human contact, in the section that flowed through the city suggested that some sanitary sewers had been connected to the city's storm drains, a probability they called on the city to investigate.

Ten years later two of the researchers published a report on efforts to follow up on their recommendations. The town and city had coordinated their efforts along with the Ontario County Soil and Water Conservation District. A barn had been built to house the town's road salt, and the city had made some major improvements in its sewer systems. The researchers noted that there had been some reduction in chloride levels, but no more than 8%. They speculated that the high chrloride levels might be the result of decayed coliforms, suggesting despite limited data that more might need to be done.

See also

List of rivers of New York

References

Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Ontario County, New York
Canandaigua, New York


title: Manolín (footballer, born 1928)

text:
Manuel Martínez Canales (21 May 1928 – 25 July 2014), known as Manolín was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Career
Born in Getxo, Manolín played for first division sides Athletic Bilbao, Real Madrid and Real Zaragoza. He retired in 1960 after short spells with Segunda División sides Recreativo de Huelva and SD Indautxu.

Manolín earned one cap for the Spanish national side, playing against Argentina in Buenos Aires on 5 July 1953.

Death
He died on 25 July 2014 at the age of 86.

Honours
Athletic Club
Copa del Rey: 1949–50, 1955
Copa Eva Duarte: 1950

Real Madrid
European Cup: 1955-56

References

1928 births
2014 deaths
Spanish men's footballers
Arenas Club de Getxo footballers
Athletic Bilbao footballers
Real Madrid CF players
Real Zaragoza players
Recreativo de Huelva players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Men's association football midfielders
Spanish football managers
Deportivo Alavés managers
Barakaldo CF managers
Spain men's international footballers


title: Chilkat Oil Company Refinery Site

text:
The Chilkat Oil Company Refinery Site is a historic industrial site near the ghost town of Katalla, Alaska.  It is located at the head of Katalla Slough, an arm of Katalla Bay, and about  southeast of the mouth of the Copper River.  The site consists of the ruined remnants of Alaska's first petroleum refinery, which operated from roughly 1911 until 1933, when it was partially destroyed by fire and abandoned.  Oil had been discovered in Katalla Bay as early as 1902, and the company was formed to exploit the resource, reportedly producing more than 50,000 gallons of gasoline in 1921.  Facilities at the site included a warehouse, tank house, running house, coal house, condensing house, and residence, all of which were reported to be in ruins in 1972.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Chugach Census Area, Alaska

References

Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Energy infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Oil infrastructure in Alaska
Oil refineries in the United States


title: Mel Thurston

text:
John Melvin Thurston (January 16, 1919 – October 8, 1997) was an American professional basketball player. Thurston played for the Tri-Cities Blackhawks between 1946 and 1948 when they were still in the National Basketball League, then played for the Providence Steamrollers of the Basketball Association of America during the second half of the 1947–48 BAA season.

BAA career statistics

Regular season

References

External links

1919 births
1997 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from New York (state)
Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball players
Guards (basketball)
People from Lockport, New York
Providence Steamrollers players
Tri-Cities Blackhawks players


title: Manolín

text:
Manolín is a nickname and refer to:

Manolín "El Médico de la salsa", Cuban salsa singer
Manolín Bueno (born 1940), Spanish footballer
Manolín (footballer, born 1988), Spanish footballer
Manolín (footballer, born 1928), Spanish footballer
Manolín, a character in The Old Man and the Sea


title: Peter Friis Johansson

text:
Peter Friis Johansson (born 1983) is a Swedish classical pianist who also holds citizenship of Denmark. He won first prize in the Alaska International Piano-e-Competition in 2014.

References

1983 births
Living people
Swedish classical pianists
Male classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century Swedish male musicians
Date of birth missing (living people)


title: Bethel Mission School

text:
Bethel Mission School is a private unaided school located in Champhai, Mizoram, India with an enrolment of 450 students in classes Nursery – X. The school was established in 1996. Its curriculum is based upon the Mizoram Board of School Education the governing body in education within the state of Mizoram. The high school section was recognized by the Board in the year 2010.

The school also has its own hostel with limited seats for the students of both genders. Other than the annual Board Examination the students from the school participate in many activities like the Science Congress, Science Exhibitions, Science Seminar. and so on. The school also hosts an annual cultural program during the month of December.

History
Bethel Mission School was established in the year 1996 by R. Vanhnuaithanga at Bethel Veng Champhai with classes ranging from Nursery to Class VII. At that time, there were only about 160 students, the majority of whom were from the locality itself. At that time Class VII annual examination was a Board Examination, where candidates from all over the state of Mizoram competed.

In 2001 the ownership of the school was transferred to K. Malsawmdawngi who then became the Principal and remains so till date.  In 2004, Class VIII was introduced and in the subsequent years classes IX and X were also added. The School also changed its location in 2005 to its current location with entirely new infrastructure.

Since its inception, the school has had residential boarding facilities for both genders located nearby the school itself.

As of 2014 there are 420 students of which 62 are Hostel boarders.

Location

The school is located at the northern edge of the town of Champhai which is in the state of Mizoram in India. The name of the neighborhood is Bethel Veng from which the name of the school is derived. The school is located about 1678 m above the mean sea level. The school is connected by a terminal asphalt road to the center of the town which is further connected by both the State Highway and Helicopter Service.

Infrastructure
The School infrastructure includes the main school building, office, a multi - sports ground, where both volleyball and basketball can be played, a Science laboratory, a jam room for studying and playing music and two separate buildings for boys' and girls' hostel.

Facilities

Primarily the school has twelve regular classrooms and one digital classroom. The science laboratory is equipped with all the required apparatus and chemicals as per the curriculum. Co-curricular Activities of both Sports and Cultural items are endorsed by the institute which organize an annual sports event sometime during the month of April or May and a Cultural show and competition during the month of December. Though it is a secular institute, Christianity is the dominant religion.

The Digital Classroom was introduced in 2013 provided by Next Education with interactive class and lectures from the elementary level to the High School level.

Results
As per the policy of the Board classes from Nursery to VIII follow the pattern of CCE Scheme at which the school excels. Since its appearance in the  Board Examination in 2008, the HSLC candidates so far have achieved 100% result till date.
 Only in 2011 did the school not have any students who graduated with distinction.

Faculty
The faculty consists of four teachers who teach from Nursery to Class - II. From class III there are separate teachers for each different subject. The high school section employs graduate and post graduate teachers in Literature, Science, Mathematics and Social Science.

As of 2017 there are 16 teaching staff members of which two also serve as Hostel Warden

Demographics of students
The age of the students range from five to sixteen. Of the total students 99.9% are indigenous tribes  and sub - tribes of Mizoram, the Mizo. The remaining fraction comprise students from other parts of India who are mainly in the General category.

Many students from the neighbouring Chin State of Myanmar also study in the school who are also of the same stock.

However, all students and teachers practice Christianity as their official religion.

Hostel
The school is equipped with 70 seater Boys and Girls' Hostels situated on the south east side of the institute. At present it has two buildings separate for each of the sexes. Two male wardens for the boys section and one female warden for girls are currently employed. Though not mandatory, most of the HSLC candidates reside in the hostel every year.

References

Boarding schools in Mizoram
High schools and secondary schools in Mizoram
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in Mizoram
Champhai district


title: Bhikhari Das

text:
Bhikhari Das (1721 – 1799)was an early 18th-century Indian poet of riti kaal. He was son of Kripaldas, enjoyed the patronage of Hindupati Singh, younger brother of Raja Prithvipati Singh of Pratapgarh.

Early life
He was born in village Teonga in 1721 in Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh.

Literary works
 Ras Saransh
 Chhandarnav Pingal
 Kavya Nirnay
 Shringaar Nirnay
 Naamprakash Kosh
 Vishnupuran Bhasha': (Chuapai)
 Chhand Prakash Shatranjshatika Amarprakash'' (Sanskrit)
    buga buga

References

18th-century Indian poets
Indian male poets
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Poets from Uttar Pradesh
18th-century male writers


title: Bostic v. Schaefer

text:
Bostic v. Schaefer (formerly Bostic v. McDonnell and Bostic v. Rainey) is a lawsuit filed in federal court in July 2013 that challenged Virginia's refusal to sanction same-sex marriages. The plaintiffs won in U.S. district court in February 2014, and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld that ruling in July 2014. On August 20, 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court stayed enforcement of the Fourth Circuit's ruling pending the outcome of further litigation. State officials refused to defend the state's constitutional and statutory bans on same-sex marriage.

On October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court denied a writ of certiorari to the case, letting the circuit court decision stand.

Lawsuit
On July 18, 2013, Timothy Bostic and Tony London, two gay men living in Norfolk, who had been in a committed relationship since 1989, filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia challenging the state's ban on same-sex marriage.  The suit was filed by attorneys Robert Ruloff, Thomas Shuttleworth, Charles Lustig, Andrew M. Hendrick, and Erik Porcaro on behalf of Tim Bostic and Tony London. It named Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell as the principal defendant. After McDonnell left office in January 2014, the case was restyled as Bostic v. Rainey, with Janet Rainey, the state registrar of vital records, as lead defendant. A lesbian couple, Carol Schall and Mary Townley, married in California and parents of a teenager, joined the case as plaintiffs. On September 30, the American Foundation for Equal Rights attorneys Theodore Olson and David Boies joined the plaintiffs' legal team.
The Norfolk Circuit Court Clerk (Schaefer) was represented by attorneys David Oakley and Jeffrey Brooke of the law firm Poole Brooke Plumlee PC in their roles as special counsel for the Attorney General's Office.

On January 23, 2014, less than two weeks after taking office, Virginia Attorney General Mark Herring announced that his office would no longer defend the state in Bostic and would argue for the plaintiffs instead. Governor Terry McAuliffe supported him. Judge Arenda Wright Allen heard oral arguments on February 4, 2014, with attorneys for the Clerk of the Circuit Court for the City of Norfolk defending the state's ban on same-sex marriage.

District court ruling

On February 13, Judge Wright Allen ruled that Virginia's statutory and constitutional ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional, Bostic v. Rainey, 970 F. Supp. 2d 456 (E.D. Va. 2014). She held that marriage is a fundamental right, that a limitation on the right to marry is therefore subject to strict scrutiny, meaning that "compelling state interests" are required to justify it. She found that Virginia's arguments in support of its ban on same-sex marriage failed to meet that standard of review, and that they did not even pass rational basis review, the least demanding judicial standard. She stayed enforcement of her ruling pending appeal as the state had requested. The decision at the time "represented the strongest advance in the South for advocates of gay marriage." In her decision, she cited Loving v. Virginia, the case which ended bans on interracial marriage nationwide, which was also filed in the Eastern District of Virginia.

Court of Appeals action
On March 10, 2014, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the couples in another case, Harris v. McDonnell, represented by Lambda Legal and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), to intervene in Bostic. The attorneys who filed the appeal in Bostic had opposed allowing them to intervene. The court set a briefing schedule for the case, now styled as Bostic v. Schaefer and docketed as case number 14-1167, to be completed by April 30, with arguments held on May 13, 2014.

Arguments in the Fourth Circuit were held before Circuit Judges Roger L. Gregory, Paul V. Niemeyer, and Henry F. Floyd, and was characterized as "sharply divided," with the first two judges having vast differences in opinion on the case. The third judge, Floyd, stayed on the sidelines. Niemeyer maintained that the fundamental right to marriage, as recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court, is that of a "union of husband and wife," Of same-sex relationships and unions, he said: "It doesn't work biologically," and calling it marriage is to "play with the language." In complete contrast, Gregory questioned: "Why do you want to deny [children] all these warm and wholesome things about marriage? ... You think the child loves these parents any less because they are same-sex parents?" and demanded the defending lawyer to answer.

Ultimately, Gregory viewed the case as a "way station" to the Supreme Court, Niemeyer noted "Maybe we should just say, 'We pass,' and let the case go on," and Floyd seeing the Windsor case as dealing with the principle of federalism.

Court of Appeals ruling
On July 28, 2014, the Fourth Circuit ruled 2–1 that Virginia's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional, affirming the district court. Judge Henry Floyd, who was described as the neutral party in the "sharply divided" arguments as noted above, wrote the majority opinion. The majority conclusion is that "Virginia's same-sex marriage bans impermissibly infringe on its citizens' fundamental right to marry".

Standing
In the ruling, the majority first has to tackle the issue of standing: "Schaefer premises his argument that the Plaintiffs lack standing to bring their claims on the idea that every plaintiff must have standing as to every defendant. However, the Supreme Court has made it clear that 'the presence of one party with standing is sufficient to satisfy Article III's case-or-controversy requirement.'" As one couple was refused marriage licenses, that "license denial constitutes an injury for standing purposes." As for the second couple, who was legally married in California but did not seek a license, the court finds standing as well, in two ways:  (internal quotes and citations omitted) As to the merits of the case, the majority first has to overcome the presumption that Baker v. Nelson controls the case. Noting that "[e]very federal court to consider this issue since the Supreme Court decided United States v. Windsor, 133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013), has reached the same conclusion", the majority lists the cases and decides that doctrinal developments since have eroded the "binding force" that a summary dismissal such as Baker has. The majority lists several major equal protection decisions since Baker, such as Craig v. Boren, Romer v. Evans, and Windsor itself.

Level of scrutiny
As to defendants' Fourteenth Amendment claims, the majority decides what level of constitutional scrutiny to apply: "Under both the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses, interference with a fundamental right warrants the application of strict scrutiny." It notes that the opponents and proponents of Virginia's ban both agree that marriage is such a right, but they disagree as to whether "same-sex marriage" is included. Noting Loving v. Virginia, Zablocki v. Redhail, and Turner v. Safley the majority states: "Over the decades, the Supreme Court has demonstrated that the right to marry is an expansive liberty interest that may stretch to accommodate changing societal norms. ... These cases do not define the rights in question as 'the right to interracial marriage,' 'the right of people owing child support to marry,' and 'the right of prison inmates to marry.' Instead, they speak of a broad right to marry that is not circumscribed based on the characteristics of the individuals seeking to exercise that right."

Analysis under strict scrutiny
Finding that the fundamental right to marriage is inclusive of same-sex marriage, the majority goes on to strict scrutiny analysis. The state makes several arguments related to justifying the ban: "(1) Virginia's federalism-based interest in maintaining control over the definition of marriage within its borders, (2) the history and tradition of opposite-sex marriage, (3) protecting the institution of marriage, (4) encouraging responsible procreation, and (5) promoting the optimal childrearing environment." As to the first argument, and citing Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, the state notes that Virginia voters have the right to determine what marriage is. The majority counters with the reasoning that "the people's will is not an independent compelling interest that warrants depriving same-sex couples of their fundamental right to marry," and goes on to cite West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette:

As to the second argument, the majority responds citing Heller v. Doe ex rel. Doe: "The Supreme Court has made it clear that, even under rational basis review, the '[a]ncient lineage of a legal concept does not give it immunity from attack.'" In dismissing the third and fourth arguments, the majority finds that the Supreme Court severed the link between marriage and children and upheld a right not to procreate in  Griswold v. Connecticut:

It also states: "If Virginia sought to ensure responsible procreation via the [same-sex marriage ban], the laws are woefully underinclusive. Same-sex couples are not the only category of couples who cannot reproduce accidentally. For example, opposite-sex couples cannot procreate unintentionally if they include a post-menopausal woman or an individual with a medical condition that prevents unassisted conception.... We therefore reject ... attempts to differentiate same-sex couples from other couples who cannot procreate accidentally. Because same-sex couples and infertile opposite-sex couples are similarly situated, the Equal Protection Clause counsels against treating these groups differently." Also, the "responsible procreation argument falters for another reason as well. Strict scrutiny requires that a state's means further its compelling interest. ... Prohibiting same-sex couples from marrying and ignoring their out-of-state marriages does not serve Virginia's goal of preventing out-of-wedlock births. Although same-sex couples cannot procreate accidentally, they can and do have children via other methods."

Finally, on the optimal childrearing argument, the majority finds that the same-sex couples' and their amici supporters' arguments on that issue are "extremely persuasive." However, the majority needs not resolve the dispute, as first, in United States v. Virginia, it finds that "under heightened scrutiny, states cannot support a law using overbroad generalizations about the different talents, capacities, or preferences of the groups in question" (internal quotes omitted), and second, "strict scrutiny requires congruity between a law's means and its end. This congruity is absent here. There is absolutely no reason to suspect that prohibiting same-sex couples from marrying and refusing to recognize their out-of-state marriages will cause same-sex couples to raise fewer children or impel married opposite-sex couples to raise more children."

Conclusion
The majority concluded:

Dissent
Circuit Judge Niemeyer dissented from the ruling. Citing Washington v. Glucksberg, he rejected the majority's reasoning:

In Niemeyer's view, the correct course of action would be to reverse the judgment below and to defer to Virginia's political determination of the definition of marriage.

Post-appellate procedure
The judgment order in the case states: "This judgment shall become final and take effect upon issuance of this court's mandate in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 41." It is not stayed initially. Thus, by operation of law, the defendants have at least 21 days to request a stay, or file for rehearing or rehearing en banc. The Fourth Circuit—in response to the Virginia solicitor general's question about the mandate's timing—has stated that, per Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 41(b) and based upon the current record, the mandate was scheduled to issue on August 21, 2014.

Michelle McQuigg, a Virginia county clerk and intervening defendant in the case, had asked the Fourth Circuit to stay its mandate in the case. On August 13, 2014, Judge Floyd, with the concurrence of Judge Gregory, denied the intervening defendant's motion on a vote of 2–1, with Judge Niemeyer voting to grant the motion. McQuigg petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari and asked the high court to stay the Fourth Circuit's mandate until it disposes of her petition.

U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, as circuit justice for the Fourth Circuit, requested that lawyers for the respondent same-sex couples submit a reply to McQuigg's stay application by August 18, 2014. He referred the matter to the full court, which stayed enforcement of the ruling on August 20.

Reaction
Democratic Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe said he was "overjoyed" at the ruling: "This is a historic ruling for our commonwealth, and its effect will affirm once again that Virginia is a state that is open and welcoming to all."

On the day of the Fourth Circuit decision, North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper announced he would no longer defend his state's ban on same-sex marriage. He said that because all judges in North Carolina were bound by the Fourth Circuit's precedent, "today we know our law will almost surely be overturned as well. Simply put, it's time to stop making arguments we will lose and instead move forward knowing the ultimate resolution will likely come from the United States Supreme Court." Ralph Reed, chair of the Faith and Freedom Coalition said Cooper's position "violates his solemn obligation to protect and defend the constitution and the laws of the state". He said Cooper was "simply wrong" to think the ruling with respect to Virginia "renders his oath of office inoperable."

A spokesman for South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson said he would continue to defend his state ban on same-sex marriage and that "Ultimately, this will be a decision for the U.S. Supreme Court. People should not rush to act or react until that time, when a decision is made by the highest court in the land".

On October 9, 2014, West Virginia Governor Ray Tomblin announced he was ordering state agencies to act in compliance with the Bostic, which the U.S. Supreme Court had just refused to take up. The state started issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on that same day.

See also

 LGBT rights in Virginia
 Same-sex marriage in Virginia

References

External links
Bostic v. Rainey, February 13, 2014
Fourth Circuit decision, July 28, 2014

2014 in LGBT history
LGBT in Virginia
United States same-sex union case law
2014 in Virginia
2014 in United States case law


title: Elling Holst

text:
Elling Bolt Holst (19 July 18492 September 1915) was a Norwegian mathematician, biographer and children's writer.

Early and personal life
Holst was born in Drammen, Norway. He was a son of bookseller Adolph Theodor Holst and Amalie Fredrikke Bergh. He was a grandson of merchant and politician, member of the Storting, Elling Mathias Holst (1785-1852).

Holst enrolled as a student at the University of Christiania (now University of Oslo), his doctoral advisor was Sophus Lie, and he graduated as cand.real. in 1874. He continued his studies in Germany, where Felix Klein was among his teachers. He was appointed teacher at Aars og Voss skole in Christiania (now Oslo). His thesis Et par syntetiske Methoder, især til Brug ved Studiet af metriske Egenskaber was finished in 1882.

Career
Holst lectured in mathematics at the University of Oslo from 1894. Among his other mathematical works are his contribution from 1878, Om Poncelets betydning for geometrien, and several course books. He wrote biographies of several mathematicians, including Cato Maximilian Guldberg, Carl Anton Bjerknes, Sophus Lie and Niels Henrik Abel.

Holst is particularly known for his children's books Norsk Billedbog for Børn, three collections from 1888, 1890 and 1903 (with illustrations by Eivind Nielsen). The first of these books has been called Norway's first national picture book (although a picture abc had been published previously, in 1876).
 Holst started collecting traditional poems for children, several of which were first published in Norwegian writing in these books. These poems, such as "Ride, ride ranke", "Bake kake søte", "Kjerringa med staven", "Hoppe! sa gåsa" and "Du og jeg og vi to", have had a constant popularity over many years, and Norsk Billedbog for Børn has been reissued several times. Also contemporary poetry was included in the books, such as some poems by Henrik Wergeland, "Kom bukken til gutten" by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, and "Blaamand" by Aasmund Olavsson Vinje.

Among his other children's books are Julegodter for Børn from 1892, and A.B.C. for Skole og Hjem from 1893 (together with Anna Rogstad). He published the picture book Fra Sæteren in 1899, with illustrations by Lisbeth Bergh.

Personal life
He was married twice, first to Inger Skavlan (1852–99), and was a brother-in-law of Olaf Skavlan, Sigvald Skavlan, Aage Skavlan and Harald Skavlan. After her death, he married Marie Michelet (1872–1960), sister of Simon Michelet, in 1900.

He was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1902.

References

1849 births
1915 deaths
Writers from Drammen
University of Oslo alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oslo
Norwegian biographers
Norwegian male writers
Male biographers
Norwegian children's writers
Norwegian mathematicians
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal


title: Mountain Standard Time (band)

text:
Mountain Standard Time is an American bluegrass fusion band from Nederland, Colorado.  The sextet is composed of Stan Sutton on guitar, mandolin and vocals; Nick Dunbar on mandolin, guitar and vocals; Adam Pause on banjo and vocals; Jeff "Curly Collins" Schroeder on bass and vocals; Kyle Stersic on saxophone and electronic wind instruments; and Zach Scott on drums.  The band is managed by Brian Heisler. Originally formed in 2006, the band has undergone several line-up changes, before settling into its current form in the fall of 2010. They released their self-titled debut album, recorded by Grammy-award winner David Glasser in February 2011 in support of their second annual "Mardi-Grass" celebration at the Fox theater in Boulder, Colorado.

History
Mountain Standard Time was originally formed as a four piece string band, composed of Adam Pause on banjo, Stan Sutton on mandolin and guitar, Curly Collins on bass, and Phillip Dyer on mandolin and guitar.  At the time, all four were living in the town of Nederland, Colorado; known for its local music scene, and home to artists such as The String Cheese Incident, Yonder Mountain String Band, and Vince Herman (of Leftover Salmon and Great American Taxi fame). They soon set themselves apart from the crowded local music scene by staging impromptu acoustic sets outside venues after shows, having musical parades down the streets and fostering an expansion of the roots music scene in the community. Early in their career the band created a word of mouth buzz that continues to define them by playing a busy schedule of live performances.  Notably, these performances included shows at the Pioneer Inn, First Street Pub and the Stage Stop.  As is common with bands that fall under the label of "jambands", they were a "taper friendly" band from the start and have encouraged the taping and dissemination of their live performances.  Many of these early shows can still be found on Live Music Archive to this day.

2008-Present

Due to series of chance meetings early in 2008, the Mountain Standard Time line-up began to change, their popularity grew and Mountain Standard Time began to imprint their brand of bluegrass, which they call "non-linear aquatic gypsy-grass", on the minds of an ever growing audience. They began to play up and down Colorado's Front Range, throughout the state and beyond. However, their biggest break most likely came in 2009, when they played their first Halloween show with Michael Kang (of String Cheese Incident fame).  It was at this show that the band first teamed up with Conscious alliance, exchanging limited edition artwork for food drive donations, which they have continued to do at various shows. The following February, they played the first of their now annual Mardi-Grass celebrations to sold out audiences at the Fox in Boulder, Colorado. From there, they seem to have parlayed that success into landing slots on many of the summer festival scene's most prestigious events, most notably, Wakarusa in Arkansas, Summer Camp in Illinois and the 10,000 Lakes festival in Minnesota. In addition, they now have a busy, national touring schedule consisting of over 100 shows a year and have received glowing reviews from critics and fans alike.

References
 Anderson, Fallon. "Mountain Standard Time releases debut album" Marquee Magazine. February 1, 2011. http://marqueemag.com/2011/02/01/mountain-standard-time/
 "It's Time for Mountain Standard Time" WCF Courier Online April 15, 2011. http://wcfcourier.com/entertainment/music/article_8063adbe-66b2-11e0-8133-001cc4c03286.html
 Inglis, Nicole. "Mountain Standard Time Bluegrass Band Returns to Steamboat" Explore Steamboat Online January 13, 2011. http://www.exploresteamboat.com/news/2011/jan/13/mountain-standard-time-bluegrass-group-returns-ste/
 Boniface, Erica. "Mountain Standard Time" Denver Metromix October 23, 2008. http://denver.metromix.com/music/article/mountain-standard-time/708672/content
 Libby, Same. "Mountain Standard Time Cd Review" The Mountain Ear. http://www.themountain-ear.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=129:mountain-standard-time-cd-review&catid=14:mountain-music&Itemid=55

External links

 Live recordings of MST at the Internet Archive
 Mountain Standard Time ReverbNation profile

Musical groups from Colorado
Progressive bluegrass music groups
American bluegrass music groups
2006 establishments in Colorado
Musical groups established in 2006


title: Nation Ford Fish Weir

text:
Nation Ford Fish Weir is a historic fishing weir located near Rock Hill, South Carolina.  It is one of the few relatively intact Native American fish weirs remaining in South Carolina. It is a double "V"-shaped rock fish trap or weir located in the channel of the Catawba River upstream from the railroad trestle at Nation Ford. The weir is located near the Nation Ford Road crossing point of the river and to several documented Catawba people villages.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

References

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Rock Hill, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Rock Hill, South Carolina
Weirs


title: Going Deep with David Rees

text:
Going Deep with David Rees is an American television program.

The first season was shown on the National Geographic Channel. The program is hosted by David Rees, and explores everyday things that we take for granted. It began in the summer of 2014. The second season premiered on Esquire Network on November 11, 2015.

Episodes

Season 1 (2014)

Season 2 (2015)

References

External links

National Geographic Channel

2014 American television series debuts
National Geographic (American TV channel) original programming
Works by David Rees (cartoonist)


title: Gordon S. Shipp

text:
Gordon Stanley Shipp (1891-1981) was a Canadian speculative and custom home builder. He founded his firm in 1923 when he moved from western Ontario, where he was a farmer.

He later became the president of the Canadian Home Builders' Association.

Personal life
He married Bessie Louella Breeze and they had two children. He is the father of Harold Shipp.

References

1891 births
Canadian real estate businesspeople
1981 deaths


title: Deutscher Nationalverband

text:
The Deutscher Nationalverband (lit. German National Association) was a loose coalition of ethnic German national and liberal political parties in Cisleithania, a part of Austria-Hungary. It was formed to contest the 1911 election of the lower house of the Imperial Council () of Cisleithania. Loose coalitions of this type were common in the Imperial Council. It comprised ten individual parties, including the German People's Party, German Progress Party, German Radical Party, and German Agrarian Party.

The Nationalverband managed to gain 104 seats at the 1911 election, making it the largest bloc in the Imperial Council, and ousting the previously dominant Christian Social Party. It relied on voters from areas of ethnic strife, such as in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Duchy of Styria, but received very few votes in the Imperial capital, Vienna. A plan for the division of Bohemia on ethnic lines was put forth by the bloc, but the outbreak of the First World War stopped any further discussion of administrative reform.

Gustav Gross, chairman of the Nationalverband, was in favour of the war, as he thought it could be used as a tool to reorganise the empire and entrench German dominance. He wrote in August 1914 that, after a quick victory, peace negotiations could be used to establish German as the official language of the state, and also to detach the largely Slavic-speaking kingdoms of Dalmatia and Galicia from Cisleithania. Gross's leadership was viewed as inept and moderate by younger members of the Nationalverband, especially because of his willingness to collaborate with the Christian Socialists in a war-time government. This led to infighting and factionalism within the bloc, and various splinter groups with more extreme aims were formed. As the bloc was always a very loose coalition with little internal unity, this infighting ultimately led to its disintegration in 1917, at the height of the First World War. It split into seventeen separate parties.

References

1911 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Defunct political party alliances in Europe
Ethnic organizations based in Austria-Hungary
German nationalist political parties
German nationalism in Austria
Liberalism in Austria
Nationalist parties in Austria
Political parties disestablished in 1917
Political parties in Austria-Hungary
Political party alliances in Austria


title: Parapoynx obscuralis

text:
Parapoynx obscuralis, the obscure pondweed moth, American china-mark or vallisneria leafcutter, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Texas and north to Wisconsin and Ontario. It is also found in Great Britain, where it is naturalised in aquatic nurseries through accidental introduction.

The larvae are aquatic and feed on various aquatic plants, including Vallisneria, Potamogeton and Nuphar species.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1881


title: Parapoynx ophiaula

text:
Parapoynx ophiaula is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1936. It is found in the south-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and north-western Zambia.

The wingspan is 15–16 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, the base whitish dorsally with a blackish discal spot. The hindwings are white with a blackish subterminal line. Adults have been recorded on wing from January to March in May, July and December.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1936


title: Parapoynx panpenealis

text:
Parapoynx panpenealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1924. It is found in Mexico.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1924


title: Parapoynx qujingalis

text:
Parapoynx qujingalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Fu-Qiang Chen, Shi-Mei Song and Chun-Sheng Wu in 2006. It is found in Yunnan, China.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 2006


The 2004 Castle Point Borough Council election took place on 10 June 2004 to elect members of Castle Point Borough Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was
Conservative 35
Canvey Island Independent Party 6

Background
Before the election the Conservatives controlled the council with 39 councillors, while both Labour and the Canvey Island Independent Party had 1 seat. The Canvey Island Independent Party had been formed by ex-Labour councillor Dave Blackwell after he quit Labour in January 2004. The party wanted Canvey Island to have its own council and police division.

Election result
The Conservatives remained in control of the council, but lost 4 seats to the Canvey Island Independent Party. This reduced the Conservatives to 35 councillors, while the Canvey Island Independent Party became the only opposition on the council with 6 seats. The Canvey Island Independent Party won all 5 seats they had contested including defeating the only Labour councillor Terry Blackwell.

Ward results

By-elections between 2004 and 2006

Boyce

Canvey Island North

References

Castle Point Borough Council elections
2004 English local elections
2000s in Essex


title: Parapoynx rectilinealis

text:
Parapoynx rectilinealis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Yoshiyasu in 1985. It is found in Japan.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1985


title: Hakanen

text:
Hakanen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Reijo Hakanen (born 1943), Finnish ice hockey player
 Ernest A. Hakanen (born 1958), social theorist
 Tapio Hakanen (born 1977), Finnish musician known by his stage name DJ Orkidea

Finnish-language surnames


title: Hakkila

text:
Hakkila may refer to:

 Hakkila, Vantaa, a district of the city of Vantaa
 Tuija Hakkila (born 1959), Finnish pianist
 Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958), Finnish politician


title: Hannelius

text:
Hannelius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 G Hannelius (born 1998), American actress and singer-songwriter
 Lennart Hannelius (1893–1950), Finnish sport shooter


title: Parapoynx restingalis

text:
Parapoynx restingalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Bahia). The habitat consists of marshes with sand dune vegetation.

The larvae feed on the floating leaves of Nymphoides humboldtianum and Nymphaea ampla.

References

Moths described in 1990
Acentropinae


title: Wilmot G. Whitfield

text:
Wilmot Gladstone Whitfield (March 21, 1882 – September 24, 1931) was a Methodist minister who served in Alaska and Washington state during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Early life and education
Whitfield was born in 1882, the son of Isabelle Glass and Rev. Wilmot Carroll Whitfield, president and chancellor of the University of the Northwest in Sioux City, Iowa. Whitfield grew up in Iowa and South Dakota, and was the second of four children.

Whitfield attended Northwestern University for his Doctorate of Divinity, and graduated in 1890.

Career
Whitfield was a member of the Puget Sound Conference and was for a few years early in his career, the superintendent of the Alaska Mission and was a pastor in Skagway, Alaska before moving to Washington State.

During his time as the Presiding Elder of the Seattle district of the Methodist church, Whitfield helped to incorporate the Washington Children's Home Society in January 1897. The organization aimed to provide homes for homeless families and children.

Whitfield, who was serving as the Presiding Elder of the Seattle district at the time, succeeded Crawford Thoburn as president of Puget Sound University (now University of Puget Sound) after Thoburn’s death in 1899. While Whitfield is listed as the President of the University from 1899-1902 in The Encyclopedia of World Methodism,), he was only the head of the school until 1900. During the following few years, the school was run by Dean Palmer and Professor Boyer.

Prohibition
Whitfield was an acting member of the permanent committee on Temperance and Prohibition, which was a committee of the Methodist General Conference. During his time on the committee, the group recommended that the fourth Sunday in November was to be observed in all Methodist churches as "Temperance Sunday".

Personal life
Whitfield married Carrie Estelle Cornelius in Seattle on July 22, 1906. They had a daughter, Isabella, and a son, Wilmot Cornelius Whitfield.

References

External links
 President's Office Records, 1888-1942

20th-century American educators
American Methodist clergy
Northwestern University alumni
1882 births
1931 deaths


title: Parapoynx sinuosa

text:
Parapoynx sinuosa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Thomas Pennington Lucas in 1892. It is found in Australia.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1892


title: Harmaja (disambiguation)

text:
Harmaja is an island and a lighthouse outside Helsinki, Finland.

Harmaja may also refer to:

 Harmaja (band), Finnish acoustic rock group
 Harmaja (album), a self-titled album by the Finnish acoustic rock group Harmaja
 Leo Harmaja (1880–1949), Finnish economist and Director General of the National Archives Service of Finland
 Saima Harmaja (1913–1937), Finnish poet and writer
 Tapani Harmaja (1917–1940), Finnish World War II pilot and writer
 Harri Harmaja (1944–), Finnish biologist and mycologist at the University of Helsinki.


title: Parapoynx ussuriensis

text:
Parapoynx ussuriensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rebel in 1910. It is found in Russia and Japan.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1910


title: Parapoynx vittalis

text:
Parapoynx vittalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Otto Vasilievich Bremer in 1864. It is found in Russia, China, Taiwan and Japan.

The wingspan is 13–17 mm.

References

Acentropinae
Moths described in 1864


title: Multicooker

text:
A multicooker (also written "multi cooker") is an electric kitchen appliance for automated cooking using a timer. A typical multicooker is able to boil, simmer, bake, fry, deep fry, grill roast, stew, steam and brown food.

The device is operated by placing ingredients inside, selecting the corresponding program, and leaving the multicooker to cook according to the program, typically without any need for further user intervention. Some multicookers have an adjustable thermostat.

In addition to cooking programs, a multicooker may have functions to keep food warm, reheat it or to cook it at a later time. Some multicookers can also function as slow cookers.

History
In the 1920s in the United Kingdom, basic "multicookers" were marketed to consumers as an appliance that would save on gas consumption, to save money on gas bills.

Simple electric rice cookers were developed in Japan in the 1950s. Over time more functions were added to cook other types of grains and soups, and the appliances became known as multicookers.

Modern cookers include electronic time, temperature and pressure controllers and are marketed as "automated multipurpose cooking appliances". The most modern ones include Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities and cooking procedures in recipe scripts, mainly  by choosing the temperature, time and pressure in multiple steps, to execute and share.

At the same time, the European market had been producing kitchen appliances with individual functions, such as electric kettles, pressure cookers, bread makers, toasters, steamers, microwave ovens, and yogurt makers. The multicooker combines the functions of some of these devices.

Multicookers can make hundreds of dishes characteristic of any cuisine, except those which require specific types of cooking unsupported by the appliances, such as flame grilling.

Functions

Typical programs include:

 Cook (standard) – comes to a boiling point and maintains it for a predetermined amount of time. Useful for preparing soup, broth, oatmeal with milk, rice, and grains. (90-110 °C)
 Pasta – heats to a boiling point and pauses with notification to the user that ingredients may be added (further automation would exclude human intervention to release ingredients). After that it comes to a boil again and maintains the temperature for a predetermined amount of time. The program can be used for cooking pasta, dumplings, eggs, sausages, and other products which need boiling water. (90-115 °C)
 Stew – brings to the boiling point and then continues at a slightly lower temperature. This program can make steamed vegetables, meat, and seafood. (85-105 °C)
 Fry – this setting can be used to fry meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, and seafood. Fry with an open or closed lid. (140-160 °C)
 Bake – biscuits, casseroles, cake, and pastries (120-180 °C)
 Rice/grain – heats to a boil and maintains the boil until the water is gone (via evaporation or absorption by the ingredients). This setting is used to cook boiled rice, buckwheat, peas, beans, and coarse grains. (100 °C)
 Pilaf – a combination of the rice and bake programs which starts with a full boil and then the temperature is reduced for a time. (90-110 °C then 70-80 °C)
 Steam –  steams vegetables, meat, dumplings, and baby food. (100-115 °C)
 Soup – makes soup, broth, and various drinks. (90-110 °C)
 Yogurt/dough – makes homemade yogurt and proofs dough up to 12 hours. (35-60 °C)

A multicooker may also support the following functions:

 Custom – cooking temperature, pressure and time can be set manually (35-180 °C). This may be used for sous-vide cookery.
 Keep warm – can be automatically activated after some of the programs end and can maintain a hot meal for several hours. The temperature is usually 70 °C or higher to prevent harmful bacteria from developing.
 Reheat – warms up a cold meal up to 50-70 °C.
 Scheduled start – controls the start time for cooking (timer). This function is only applicable to programs which do not require user intervention throughout the process and in which ingredients may safely stay at room temperature for the delay.
 Sterilization – may be used to sterilize baby items by steaming, or to help remove dried leftovers from the cooker after cooking has finished. (100-115 °C)

Parts

A multicooker consists of the following parts:

 Housing – typically plastic, stainless steel or a combination of both. The body is mounted or attached to other parts of the machine. With an air gap between it and the inner bowl, this functions as a thermal insulator.
 Inner bowl  – in most modern designs, the bowl is removable and has a non-stick coating (teflon, ceramic, etc.). The non-stick coating is important for multicookers to operate properly. Non-stick coating keeps food from burning and sticking to the bottom and walls of the bowl which prevents disruption of heat during higher heat cooking or leads to uneven heating. It is unlike conventional cookware or slow cookers which must be stirred occasionally.
 Lid – this seals the multicooker preventing the contents from splashing or the food from drying out. Some multicookers have a glass lid.
 Heating element – mounted in the housing, it cooks the food. Temperatures can reach 40-180 °C allowing any method of cooking from keeping food warm to baking or frying. The heating element is typically located in the bottom of a multicooker. Some more sophisticated multicookers have smaller heating elements on the sides and in the lid.
 Temperature sensors – usually located in the center of the housing's bottom, touching the pan to ensure accurate readings. The control panel provides information about the temperature of the bowl’s contents. Some multicookers also have temperature sensors on the sides and on top to allow fine control of heating elements in the lid and sides.
 Pressure sensor – this may be installed if the multicooker supports pressure cooking.
 Control panel – part of the housing, this consists of a microprocessor with programs which are displayed showing the process, temperature and programs. It also includes several buttons to control the process.
 Condensate collector – typically a small container or an area around multicooker's bowl to collect condensation appearing on the lid.

See also

 Food processing
 Home automation
 Instant Pot
 List of cooking appliances
 Meal prep
 Pressure cooking
 Rice cooker
 Rotimatic
 Steaming

References

Further reading
  .

Cooking appliances
Cookware and bakeware
Cooking vessels


title: Honkonen

text:
Honkonen is a Finnish surname, most prevalent in Central Finland. Notable people with the surname include:

 Kuuno Honkonen (1922–1985), Finnish high jumper and politician
 Hannu Honkonen (born 1982), Finnish composer, music producer and musician
 Petri Honkonen (born 1987), Finnish politician

Finnish-language surnames
Surnames of Finnish origin


title: Safara e Santo Aleixo da Restauração

text:
Safara e Santo Aleixo da Restauração is a civil parish in the municipality of Moura, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,871, in an area of 237.20 km2. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Safara and Santo Aleixo da Restauração.

References

Freguesias of Moura, Portugal


title: The Adjusters

text:
The Adjusters were an American ska, soul and reggae band from Chicago, Illinois, United States, active from 1995-2003.

The band was known for its fusion of 1960s soul sounds with traditional ska & reggae as well as its progressive political views.

History
Formed in 1995 at the University of Chicago, the Adjusters first gained notoriety within the university community before releasing their first album on Chicago-based Jump Up! Records in 1997. The band was notable both for bringing a political message into their music as well as incorporating soul music into the predominantly ska-punk sounds of the midwest ska scene at the time.

The Adjusters played many shows during this period (1997-1998) throughout the midwest and east coast, most numerously with Detroit-based ska-jazz band The Articles and NYC-based The Slackers. The Adjusters' second album "Before The Revolution" was released on Moon Ska Records in 1998, produced by Victor Rice, with a foreword by author Thomas Frank, and several tracks mixed by Jon Langford of the Mekons.

After the dissolution of Moon Records in 2000, the Adjusters' third album "Otis Redding Will Save America" was released on German label Grover Records in 2003. This album was also produced by Victor Rice and the single "Can't See the Light" features German ska & dancehall artist Dr. Ring-Ding.

The band has been inactive since 2003. Drummer/producer Rench went on to front bluegrass-hip hop act Gangstagrass.

Band members
Daraka Kenric - Vocals
Joan Axthelm – Vocals
Jessica Basta - Vocals
Matt Parker - Organ (formerly of The Donkey Show)
Jason Packer - Guitar
Julien Headley – Drums
Josh Thurston-Milgrom – Bass
Nick Dempsey – Saxophone
Raphael Leib – Trumpet
Tom Howe – Trombone
Rench - Drums, Production

Discography
Studio albums
The Politics of Style - 1997, Jump Up! Records
Before the Revolution - 1998, Moon Ska Records
Otis Redding Will Save America - 2003, Grover Records

Singles
"Michael Manley" (7") - 1996, Rosa Luxemburg Records
"Rebel Jam" (7") - 1998, Black Pearl Records

Collections
Stormwarning - 2002, Grover Records

References

External links
 Official Site
 Our Town - Music Video
Ska's Lost Cause
SPACE CITY ROCK: The Adjusters: New Political Sound of Right Now (Fall 2000)

Musical groups from Chicago
Third-wave ska groups
Musical groups established in 1995
American ska musical groups


title: Huhtala

text:
Huhtala is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Harri Huhtala (born 1952), Finnish hammer thrower
 Jesse Huhtala (born 1993), Finnish ice hockey player
 Martti Huhtala (1918–2005), Finnish Nordic combined skier
 Mikko Huhtala (born 1952), Finnish wrestler
 Santtu Huhtala (born 1992), Finnish ice hockey player
 Teemu Huhtala (born 1991), Finnish ice hockey player
 Tommi Huhtala (born 1987), Finnish ice hockey player
 Väinö Huhtala (1935–2016), Finnish cross-country skier

Finnish-language surnames


title: Poems for the Hazara

text:
Poems for the Hazara is a multilingual poetry anthology and a collaborative poem composed of the works of one hundred twenty five internationally recognized poets from sixty-eight countries. Poems in this book are in English, Spanish, Catalan, Japanese, Norwegian, Turkish, Hazaragi, Italian, Greek, German, Irish, Hebrew, Romanian, French, Armenian, Hungarian and Portuguese. All non-English poems have been translated into English. "Poems for the Hazara" includes the poetry anthology and a collaborative poem (Collaborative poetry) featuring contributions from 23 international poets. An open letter from 354 celebrated poets including Nobel, Pulitzer, continental and national literary prize winners as well as presidents of PEN clubs, and writers associations from 97 countries is included at the end. This letter is addressed to world leaders in support of the Hazara people. The executive editor is Hazara poet, journalist and human rights activist, Kamran Mir Hazar.

Poets
Etnairis Ribera, Puerto Rico
Angelina Llongueras, Catalonia
Aju Mukhopadhyay, Pondicherry, India
Ban'ya Natsuishi, Japan
Julio Pavanetti, Uruguay/ Spain
Gertrude Fester, Rwanda/South Africa
Jack Hirschman, United States
Iztok Osojnik, Slovenia
Erling Kittelsen, Norway
Obediah Michael Smith, Bahamas
Bina Sarkar Ellias, India
Raúl Henao, Colombia
Anne Waldman, United States
Nguyen Quang Thieu, Vietnam
Timo Berger, Germany
Elsa Tió, Puerto Rico
Kamran Mir Hazar, Hazaristan
Rodrigo Verdugo, Chile
Mildred Kiconco Barya, Uganda
Stefaan Van Den Bremt, Flanders, Belgium
Winston Morales Chavarro, Colombia
Esteban Valdés Arzate, Mexico
Akwasi Aidoo, Ghana/United States
Yolanda Pantin, Venezuela
Yiorgos Chouliaras, Greece
James O'Hara, Mexico, United States and Ireland
Raquel Chalfi, Israel
Jim Byron, United States
Luisa Vicioso Sánchez, Dominican Republic
Andrea Garbin, Italy
Luz Helena Cordero Villamizar, Colombia
Peter Voelker, Germany
Zoran Anchevski, Macedonia
Naotaka Uematsu, Japan
Paul Disnard, Colombia
Vyacheslav Kupriyanov, Russia
Gabriel Rosenstock, Ireland
Maruja Vieira, Colombia
Nyein Way, Myanmar
Gaston Bellemare, Québec
Zohra Hamid, South Africa
Amir Or, Israel
Ivan Djeparoski, Macedonia
Attila F. Balázs, Slovakia
Ioana Trica, Romania
Michaël Glück, France
Quito Nicolaas, Netherlands
Noria Adel, Algeria
Francisco Sánchez Jiménez, Colombia
Werewere Liking, Cameroon/Ivory Coast
Beppe Costa, Italy
William Pérez Vega, Puerto Rico
Fanny Moreno, Colombia
John Curl, United States
Kevin Kiely, Ireland
Azam Abidov, Uzbekistan
Luis Galar (No Country)
Santiago B. Villafania, Philippines
Althea Romeo-Mark, Antigua
Bengt Berg, Sweden
Luz Lescure, Panama
Lola Koundakjian, Armenia
Zindzi Mandela, South Africa
Edvino Ugolini, Italy
Jean-Claude Awono, Cameroon
Stefania Battistella, Italy
Eugenia Sánchez Nieto, Colombia
Alina Beatrice Chesca, Romania
Simón Zavala Guzmán, Ecuador
Ostap Nozhak, Ukraine
Berry Heart, Botswana
Gilma De Los Ríos, Colombia
Laura Hernandez Muñoz, México
Mamang Dai, India
Erkut Tokman, Turkey
Álvaro Miranda, Colombia
Claus Ankersen, Denmark
Mark Lipman, United States
John Hegley, England
Micere Githae Mugo, Kenya
Germain Droogenbroodt, Belgium/Spain
Fiyinfoluwa Onarinde, Nigeria
Ataol Behramoğlu, Turkey
Khal Torabully, Mauritius/France
Jorge Boccanera, Argentina
Kama Sywor Kamanda, DR Congo
Bineesh Puthuppanam, India
Iris Miranda, Puerto Rico
Pamela Ateka, Kenya
Fahredin Shehu, Kosovo
Tamer Öncul, Cyprus
Tânia Tomé, Mozambique
Howard A. Fergus, Montserrat, West Indies
Janak Sapkota, Nepal
Károly Fellinger, Hungary
Alfred Tembo, Zambia
Emilce Strucchi, Argentina
Juan Diego Tamayo, Colombia
Manuel Silva Acevedo, Chile
Elias Letelier, Chile
Mohammed Bennis, Morocco
Károly Sándor Pallai, Hungary
Edgardo Nieves-Mieles, Puerto Rico
Fatoumata Ba, Mali
Vupenyu Otis Zvoushe, Zimbabwe
Santosh Alex, India
Silvana Berki, Albania/Finland
Hussein Habasch, Kurdistan, Syria
Lucy Cristina Chau, Panamá
Jessie Kleemann, Greenland
Siki Dlanga, South Africa
Irena Matijašević, Croatia
Boel Schenlaer, Sweden
Merlie M. Alunan, Philippines
Ernesto P. Santiago, Philippines
Rassool Snyman, South Africa
Mary Smith, Scotland
K. Satchidanandan, India
Sukrita Paul Kumar, India
Birgitta Jónsdóttir, Iceland
Zelma White, Montserrat, British West Indies
Navkirat Sodhi, India
Gémino H. Abad, Philippines
Mbizo Chirasha, Zimbabwe
Joyce Ashuntantang, Cameroon/ United States

Cover
Photograph of Buddha in Bamiyan, courtesy of Najibullah Mosafer. Kamran Mir Hazar proposed the flag of Hazaristan.

References

External links
 Poems for the Hazara on Amazon (Paperback)
 Poems for the Hazara on Amazon (Hardcover)
 Official website of the poets world-wide supporting the Hazara

 Poems for the Hazara – Poets and Readers/ Photo Album

2014 poetry books
Poetry anthologies
Collaborative poetry
Hazaragi-language poets
Hazara people-related books


title: Oxychilus camelinus

text:
Oxychilus camelinus is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oxychilidae, the glass snails.

Description
This species was described under the name Helix camelina from today's Lebanon by Jules René Bourguignat in 1852.

The shape of the shell is almost flat, and the color is light horn. The shell has up to almost 6 whorls, which slowly increase. The last whorl is not much wider than the previous whorl, and is flat on the lower side. The suture is deep. The shell has distinct radial growth lines. The umbilicus is narrow and 1/8 of the shell diameter. The aperture is obliquely depressed.

The width of the shell is 7.1–11 mm and the height of the shell is 4.0-4.5 mm. The width of the last whorl is 1.9-2.0 mm; the width of the umbilicus is 0.7-1.1 mm.

The color of the tentacles, head and neck is light-grey. The color is the sole is white-yellow.

Balcanodiscus frywaldskyanus is a similar species.

Distribution
This species occurs in countries including:
 Lebanon - the type locality is near Baalbek in Lebanon (in Latin: "prope Heliopolim (Baalbek)").
 Israel
 Turkey
 Greece
 Cyprus
 Bulgaria - only two localities are known: Rahat Tepe Hill in Plovdiv city, and in Stara Zagora
 Albania

Some scientists consider this species to be non-indigenous to Europe.

Ecology
Oxychilus camelinus is a synanthropic species which inhabits dry and rocky habitats, often gardens.

After copulation, snails were observed to lay up to a total of 8 eggs, in groups of 1-4 eggs. The size of the eggs was 1.7 mm.

Oxychilus camelinus feeds on green plant matter and on detritus. These snails can be fed in captivity using cucumber, aquarium fish food, and pork meat.

References

External links

Oxychilus
Gastropods described in 1852


title: Huhtamo

text:
Huhtamo is a Finnish-language surname that may refer to:

 Kari Huhtamo (1943–2023), Finnish sculptor
 Markku Huhtamo (born 1946), Finnish actor

References

Finnish-language surnames


title: Huovinen

text:
Huovinen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Eero Huovinen (born 1944), Finnish Lutheran bishop
 Susanna Huovinen (born 1972), Finnish politician
 Veikko Huovinen (1927–2009), Finnish novelist and forester

Finnish-language surnames


title: Hyppönen

text:
Hyppönen is a Finnish-language surname that may refer to:

 Janne Hyppönen (born 1970), Finnish football manager and footballer
 Laura Hyppönen, Finnish filmmaker
 Mikko Hyppönen (born 1969), Finnish computer security expert and columnist

Finnish-language surnames


title: Joseph H. Davis (painter)

text:
Joseph H. Davis (active 1832–1837; died May 25, 1865) was an itinerant American portrait painter. Over a period of only five years, from 1832 to 1837, he painted about 150 watercolor portraits of residents of Maine and New Hampshire. The body of work he left behind is highly regarded for its calligraphic line, miniaturizing delicacy, and decorative stylization. His pictures are in many important collections, including those of the American Folk Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery of Art, the Terra Foundation for American Art and the Strawbery Banke museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Davis died on May 25, 1865, aged 53, in Woburn, Massachusetts.

Life and work

Personal life

Little is known about the artist's life. However, Davis's signature on his early portraits, many including "Left-handed painter" after his name, helps to demystify some of the anonymity about the painter and his work. The portrait of Bartholomew Van Dame is inscribed "Left Hand / Painter," which is taken as a confirmation that the artist was left-handed. The 1926 donation of a signed portrait by an individual donor to the New Hampshire Historical Society led to speculation as to whether he was the Joseph H. Davis of Farmington or Dover, or if he was from Maine instead. Although his identity remained uncertain for almost another half century, his work was featured in a major exhibition in 1974 at the Art Institute of Chicago.

His identity was only securely established in 1989. Historians have been able to reconstruct his movements during his brief career as an itinerant artist because of the calligraphic inscriptions Davis would include at the foot of his pictures, usually giving the name and age of his sitters. The sitters are then cross-referenced through external sources, establishing their (and the artist's) location at the time of the painting. In this way, Art Historians Arthur and Sybil Kern connected the artist as a local farmer known as "Pine Hill Joe" of Limington, Maine.

These primary sources also postulate that Davis was probably born on August 10, 1811, in Limington, Maine to land trader Joseph Davis and his wife, Phebe. In addition to farming and land speculating, the elder Davis also worked as a manufacturer and inventor. He lived in several towns in the Northeast, including Saco, Vassalboro, and Newfield, Maine; Morristown, New Jersey; and Wilmington, Massachusetts. He died on May 25, 1865, at the age of fifty-three, in Woburn, Massachusetts.

The article by Arthur and Sybil Kern that established Davis's identity also posited his connection with the Freewill Baptist Church. This church provided the network that connected Davis with many of his clients, and Davis includes the church's publications, The Morning Star, as an attribute in many of his portraits.

Davis married in 1835 and moved to Saco, Maine, but he remained active as an artist until about 1838. He may have ceased painting at that date because the birth of his daughter necessitated a more secure income. Thereafter, he was occupied in land speculation, manufacturing, and inventing. Initially unheard of outside the region in which he worked, Davis was “rediscovered” by American folk art collectors a century later; today, his works are highly prized.

Artistry

Art historians have been able to reconstruct his movements during his brief career as an itinerant artist because of the calligraphic inscriptions Davis would include at the foot of his pictures, usually giving the name and age of his sitters. The sitters are then cross-referenced through external sources, establishing their (and the artist’s) location at the time of the painting.

Davis's art has a highly consistent character. He painted portraits in watercolor, with the faces of his sitters depicted in strict profile while their bodies usually open outward to a three-quarter view. As early as 1832, he specialized in recording subjects in interior settings typical of a nineteenth-century rural New England home.

A burgeoning manufacture economy and flourishing middle class contributed to both Davis’s success as an itinerant painter and the quality of goods portrayed in his works. The objects portrayed (e.g. musical instruments, inkwells, books, etc.) are used to characterize the subject’s personalities, suggesting their professions and displaying their life styles.

Practical floor covering was replaced by the painted floor cloth, a heavy sailcloth stiffened with starch and decorated with bold geometric repeat patterns; sometimes the floors themselves were painted freehand in similar fashion." Other examples of period-specific furnishing portrayed in Davis’s paintings are the neoclassical Klismos Chair (as seen in the Portrait of Sylvanus C. Foss and Mary Jane Foss, 1836), the banjo clock, and paintings of the family homestead.

He is best known "for his double portraits of married couples facing each other across a table". His work can also be characterized by the painting of multiple members of a single family, either in groups or individually, demonstrating that his reputation spread by word of mouth among the closely tied families of the rural municipalities in which he traveled.

Another distinguishing feature of Davis’s work are the calligraphic ink inscriptions at the bottom of his watercolor portraits. This included their names, year, and the town where they resided. The artist often signed his name to the composition, annotating it with a personal description of himself as a “LEFT HAND / PAINTER.”

References

Sources
Kern, Arthur and Sybil. "Joseph H. Davis: Identity Established," The Clarion 14, no. 3 (Summer 1989), pp. 45–53.
Stacy C. Hollander (ed.) et al., American Radiance: The Ralph Esmerian Gift to the American Folk Art Museum, New York: The American Folk Art Museum in association with Harry N. Abrams, 2001, pp. 392–397.
Wertkin, Gerard C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of American Folk Art. New York: Routledge, 2004, pp. 144–145.

External links
The American Folk Art Museum website

National Gallery of Art website
Metropolitan Museum of Art: the American Wing
Strawbery Banke Museum website

19th-century American painters
American male painters
1810s births
1865 deaths
19th-century American male artists
Artists from Massachusetts
Artists from New Jersey
Artists from Maine