title: Thor: Ragnarok

text:
Thor: Ragnarok is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to Thor (2011) and Thor: The Dark World (2013), and is the 17th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Taika Waititi from a screenplay by Eric Pearson and the writing team of Craig Kyle and Christopher Yost, and stars Chris Hemsworth as Thor alongside Tom Hiddleston, Cate Blanchett, Idris Elba, Jeff Goldblum, Tessa Thompson, Karl Urban, Mark Ruffalo, and Anthony Hopkins. In Thor: Ragnarok, Thor must escape the alien planet Sakaar in time to save Asgard from Hela (Blanchett) and the impending Ragnarök.

A third Thor film was confirmed in January 2014, when Kyle and Yost began work on the screenplay. The involvement of Hemsworth and Hiddleston was announced that October. Waititi joined the film as director a year later, after Thor: The Dark World director Alan Taylor chose not to return. Ruffalo joined the cast reprising the role of Hulk from previous MCU films, which allowed elements of the 2006 comic storyline "Planet Hulk" to be adapted for Ragnarok. The rest of the cast, including Blanchett as Hela, was confirmed in May 2016, with Pearson's involvement revealed at the start of filming that July. Principal photography took place in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia, with the film also having exclusive use of Village Roadshow Studios in Oxenford, concluding in October 2016.

Thor: Ragnarok premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on October 10, 2017, and was released in the United States on November 3, as part of Phase Three of the MCU. The film received praise for its acting and Waititi's direction, as well as the action sequences, visual effects, musical score, and humor, with many critics considering it to be the best installment of the Thor franchise. It grossed $855million, becoming the highest-grossing film of the series and the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2017. A sequel, Thor: Love and Thunder, was released in July 2022.

Plot

Two years after the battle of Sokovia, Thor is imprisoned by the fire demon Surtur, who reveals that Thor's father Odin is no longer on Asgard. He explains that the realm will soon be destroyed during the prophesied apocalypse Ragnarök, once Surtur unites his crown with the Eternal Flame that burns in Odin's vault. Thor frees himself, defeats Surtur, and takes his crown, believing he has prevented Ragnarök. Thor returns to Asgard to find Heimdall gone and his estranged brother Loki posing as Odin. He forces Loki to help find their father.

With directions from Stephen Strange, they find Odin in Norway. Odin explains that he is dying, Ragnarök is imminent despite Thor's efforts, and his passing will free his firstborn child, Hela, from Hel, a prison she was sealed in long ago. Hela, a sibling Thor and Loki did not know existed, was the leader of Asgard's armies and conquered the Nine Realms with Odin, but he imprisoned her and wrote her out of history after she became too bloodthirsty and did not share his views on peace.

Odin dies and Hela appears, destroying Thor's hammer Mjolnir. She pursues the two as they attempt to flee through the Bifröst Bridge, forcing them out into space. Arriving in Asgard, Hela defeats its army, slays the Warriors Three, and resurrects the ancient dead who once fought with her, including her giant wolf Fenris. She appoints the Asgardian Skurge as her executioner. Hela plans to use the Bifröst to expand Asgard's empire, but Heimdall takes the sword that controls the Bifrost. Thor crash-lands on Sakaar, a garbage planet surrounded by wormholes.

A slave trader designated Scrapper 142 subdues him with an obedience disk and sells him as a gladiator to Sakaar's ruler, the Grandmaster, with whom Loki has already ingratiated himself. Thor recognizes 142 as a Valkyrie, one of a legendary force of female warriors who were killed fighting Hela eons ago. Thor is forced to compete in the Grandmaster's Contest of Champions, facing his friend Hulk. Summoning lightning, Thor gets the upper hand, but the Grandmaster sabotages the fight to ensure Hulk's victory. Still enslaved after the fight, Thor attempts to convince Hulk and 142 to help him save Asgard, but neither is willing.

Thor finds the Quinjet that brought Hulk to Sakaar. A recording of Natasha Romanoff causes Hulk to transform back into Bruce Banner for the first time since Sokovia. 142 decides to help Thor save Asgard. Loki helps them steal one of the Grandmaster's ships. They liberate the other gladiators who, incited by two aliens named Korg and Miek, stage a revolution. Loki again attempts to betray his brother, but Thor anticipates this and incapacitates him.

Thor, Banner, and 142 escape through a wormhole to Asgard, where Hela's forces attack Heimdall and the Asgardian citizens. Hulk defeats Fenris; Loki and the gladiators arrive to help, and a repentant Skurge sacrifices himself to save the citizens. Thor, battling Hela, loses his right eye and has a vision of Odin that helps him realize only Ragnarök can stop her, as she is too powerful. He sends Loki to trigger Ragnarök by placing Surtur's crown in the Eternal Flame. Surtur is reborn and destroys Asgard, killing Hela. Aboard the Grandmaster's spaceship, the Statesman, Thor, now king, reconciles with Loki and decides to take his people to Earth.

In a mid-credits scene, they are intercepted by a large spacecraft. In a post-credits scene, the overthrown Grandmaster is confronted by his former subjects.

Cast

 Chris Hemsworth as Thor: An Avenger and the crown prince of Asgard, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name, who has become a "lone gunslinger" searching for the Infinity Stones. Hemsworth had grown "a bit bored" of Thor after portraying the character four times previously, and wanted to take some risks and experiment: Thor has shorter hair in the film, wears a different outfit, his hammer Mjolnir is destroyed, and he loses an eye. Director Taika Waititi added that "stripping" the character down like this allowed him to become a refugee at the end of the film. Waititi also wanted to use more of Hemsworth's comedic skills showcased in films such as Vacation (2015) and Ghostbusters (2016), and cited Kurt Russell's performance in Big Trouble in Little China (1986) as an influence on the character.
 Tom Hiddleston as Loki: Thor's adoptive brother and nemesis, based on the deity of the same name. Hiddleston was interested in how Loki's attitude has changed, saying, "he is always a trickster. It is trying to find new ways for him to be mischievous". As the ruler of Asgard since the end of Thor: The Dark World (2013), Hiddleston notes that "Loki has devoted most of his efforts to narcissistic self-glorification. Not so much on good governance." He also added that "the idea that Thor might be indifferent to Loki is troubling for him... it's an interesting development."
 Cate Blanchett as Hela: Thor's older sister and the goddess of death, based on the deity Hel, who is inadvertently released from prison following Odin's death. Screenwriter Eric Pearson included the idea of Hela being Thor's sister in one of his drafts at the encouragement of executive producer Brad Winderbaum. The decision to make Hela related to Thor, as opposed to only Loki as in the comics and Norse mythology, came from needing more impact with Hela and Thor's final confrontation. By making the change, Pearson felt Hela became "the thing that [represents] what it is to rule Asgard, [Thor's] family, what he's been told, what he hasn't been told." Blanchett was inspired by singer Siouxsie Sioux as well as "punk-rock iconography" of the 1970s and 1980s, notably Siouxsie's "unique, unconventional movement", for Hela's movement and how she "commands the space". Blanchett found it difficult to portray the character in a motion capture suit rather than costume, feeling Hela's headdress is "such a huge part of" the power of the character that she would have liked to wear it on set. Hela's design was taken from the comic Thor: God of Thunder by Jason Aaron, while the character Gorr from that comic, who has the ability "to manifest an infinite number of weapons", inspired a similar ability for Hela. Blanchett worked with stuntwoman Zoë Bell and Hemsworth's personal trainer Luke Zocchi, and studied capoeira for the role.
 Idris Elba as Heimdall: The all-seeing, all-hearing Asgardian and former sentry of the Bifröst Bridge, based on the deity of the same name, who has gone into self-imposed exile during Loki's reign. After Hela invades Asgard, he helps to hide its vulnerable citizens. Describing Heimdall's character arc in the film, Winderbaum says, "he's gone from this elder statesmen, the gatekeeper to Asgard, to this badass warrior-wizard character who lives in the hills and kicks a lot of ass throughout the entire film."
 Jeff Goldblum as Grandmaster: One of the Elders of the Universe who rules the planet Sakaar and enjoys manipulating lesser life-forms. Goldblum described the character as "a hedonist, a pleasure-seeker, an enjoyer of life and tastes and smells". He also said that Waititi encouraged improvisation in order for Goldblum to "make [the character his] own". Waititi explained that Grandmaster does not have blue skin in the film as the character does in the comics, because Goldblum had already played a blue-colored character in Earth Girls Are Easy (1988), and because Waititi did not want to detract from Goldblum's personality by concealing his appearance. Grandmaster is the brother of Benicio del Toro's Collector from Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), and producer Kevin Feige expressed interest in seeing the two together in a future film.
 Tessa Thompson as Valkyrie: A tough, hard-drinking Asgardian slave trader, based on the mythological being Brynhildr, who was once a legendary Valkyrie warrior and now works for the Grandmaster under the designation "Scrapper 142". Thompson said the various versions of the character from the comics "left us a lot of leeway" in creating the film version. Waititi "wanted to make sure we weren't making a female character that was boring and pretty", and Feige said Marvel wanted to pair Thor with a love interest more his equal than Jane Foster. Co-screenwriters Craig Kyle and Christopher Yost's original draft of the film had more of a romantic relationship between Thor and Valkyrie. When Pearson started working on the film, he moved away from that storyline, instead focusing more on "the mutual respect" between the characters and Valkyrie "dealing with her PTSD. She's someone who's drowning her sorrows in the bottle, and I just thought that was such a cool thing that you don't often see". Thompson stated that the character is bisexual, which she based on the character's comic book relationship with Annabelle Riggs, and convinced Waititi to shoot a glimpse of a woman walking out of Valkyrie's bedroom, which was later cut from the film, as it "distracted" from the scene's exposition. Thompson was inspired by pictures of Linda Hamilton as Sarah Connor in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) while training for the role, and worked with dialect coach Andrew Jack to create an Asgardian-sounding accent that was different enough to sound like she had been away from there for a long time. Thompson will appear in future MCU films.
 Karl Urban as Skurge: An Asgardian warrior who guards the Bifröst Bridge in Heimdall's absence and chooses to join Hela to survive. Urban shaved his head for the role, and worked out to "get into the zone and feel" the part even though his body is hidden under a costume. Urban said Skurge "makes a deal with the devil" and becomes Hela's "henchman. He does the dirty jobs. And that sort of is something he has to—it plays on his conscience."
 Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk: An Avenger and a genius scientist who transforms into a monster when enraged or agitated after being exposed to gamma radiation. In the two years since Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), he has become a successful and popular gladiator on Sakaar and has suppressed the Banner side during those years. He is forming the vocabulary "of a toddler", with the level of Hulk's speech being "a big conversation" between Waititi and Marvel since it was taking into account future appearances for the character: Ragnarok begins an arc for the character that continues in Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). Ruffalo felt Hulk had "a swagger" in the film, and was "much more of a character than the green rage machine" seen in the Avengers films. Waititi provided additional motion capture for the Hulk after Ruffalo had completed his scenes.
 Anthony Hopkins as Odin: The king of Asgard, father of Thor and Hela, and adoptive father of Loki, based on the deity of the same name. The character is in exile on Earth, and was originally intended to be a "crazy-looking" hobo on the streets of New York City, but Waititi ultimately felt that this was tragic rather than funny given the character's death during the sequence. The sequence was changed to take place in Norway, to "honor" the character's past and be more authentic to his role as a king of Asgard. Waititi was surprised by the improvisational ability of Hopkins after he was told "to be funny and to really destroy what's come before [with the role] and recreate it."

Additionally, Tadanobu Asano, Ray Stevenson, and Zachary Levi reprise their roles as Hogun, Volstagg, and Fandral, respectively, members of the Warriors Three. Feige called their appearances "noble ends" that served to establish the threat of Hela and the danger she poses to the main characters. Benedict Cumberbatch reprises his role as Dr. Stephen Strange from the film Doctor Strange (2016) on a brief appearance. Rachel House, who has appeared in several of Waititi's films, plays Topaz, the Grandmaster's chief enforcer, while Waititi portrays Korg, a Kronan gladiator who befriends Thor. Waititi provided a motion-capture performance for the character, who is made of rocks, and wanted to do something different by having the character be soft-spoken, ultimately basing Korg's voice on that of Polynesian bouncers, as well as his friend and frequent co-star, Rhys Darby. Waititi also provided the motion-capture performance for the fire demon Surtur, based on the mythological being Surtr, with Clancy Brown voicing the character. Thor and Hulk co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance as a man on Sakaar who cuts Thor's hair. There are also several cameos in a sequence where Asgardian actors perform a play based on the events of The Dark World: Sam Neill, with whom Waititi previously worked on Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), plays the Odin actor; Luke Hemsworth, brother of Chris, plays the Thor actor; Matt Damon plays the Loki actor; and Charlotte Nicdao plays the Sif actor. Scarlett Johansson appears as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow through archival footage from Avengers: Age of Ultron.

Production

Development
While promoting the release of Thor: The Dark World in October 2013, Chris Hemsworth expressed willingness to portray Thor for as long as "people wanted more", adding that he was contracted for another Thor film and two more Avengers films. Producer Kevin Feige stated that the next Thor would build from elements at the end of The Dark World. In January 2014, Marvel announced that Craig Kyle and Christopher Yost would write the screenplay for a third film, with Feige again producing; the story was being outlined that July. At the end of October 2014, Feige announced that the film would be titled Thor: Ragnarok, with a scheduled release date of July 28, 2017. Hemsworth and Tom Hiddleston were set to return as Thor and Loki, respectively. Hemsworth earned $15million for the film. Feige added that the film would be "very important" in Phase Three of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), and also confirmed that, in the context of the film, the word Ragnarok means "the end of all things". He felt that "people will [not] read into that title alone what the movie's going to be."

In February 2015, Marvel pushed back the release date to November 3, 2017. That April, Feige was expecting a draft for the film soon, and a month later he stated that a director, additional screenwriter, and further casting announcements would be revealed "towards the end of the summer", with filming set for June 2016. The Dark World director Alan Taylor explained that he would not be returning, as "the Marvel experience was particularly wrenching because I was sort of given absolute freedom while we were shooting, and then in [post-production] it turned into a different movie. So, that is something I hope never to repeat and don't wish upon anybody else." During the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International, Jaimie Alexander said that she would reprise her role as Sif in "a very pivotal part" of the film.

By October 2015, Taika Waititi had entered negotiations to direct Thor: Ragnarok. Other directors under consideration included Ruben Fleischer, Rob Letterman, and Rawson Marshall Thurber. Elizabeth Banks had expressed interest in presenting a pitch for the film, but never ultimately met with Marvel to do so. Marvel presented the prospective directors with "the ten different ideas that we had for the movie", asking them all to come back with a clearer picture of what the film should be. Waititi created "a sizzle reel for the tone, and some joke stuff" using clips from other films, including Big Trouble in Little China. Despite being a discouraged practice within the company, Marvel considered Waititi's reel to be "amazing", particularly its use of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" for the score, which Feige felt "defined what Taika was going to do with this". The song was later used in the film itself, and for marketing it. On why he decided to pursue directing the film, after stating in 2012 that he had no interest in "big features, where the art of the project was sacrificed for profit", Waititi said he felt "like a guest in Marvel's universe but with the creative freedom to do what I want". Waititi was confirmed as director of the film by multiple news outlets later in October.

In the same month, Mark Ruffalo was also finalizing a deal to reprise his role as Bruce Banner / Hulk from previous MCU films, which was confirmed shortly after. Hulk was last seen at the end of Avengers: Age of Ultron traveling in a Quinjet, which was originally planned to be shown flying near Saturn. Feige explained that this was changed to an Earth-based location to leave Hulk's fate ambiguous and dispel rumors that a film based on "Planet Hulk" was in development, since Marvel Studios had no plans to adapt the storyline at the time. According to executive producer Brad Winderbaum, the idea to include Hulk in Ragnarok came early on in development, when the production team looked at the "Planet Hulk" storyline and felt it was a "no brainer" to integrate Hulk into the Thor franchise, exploring "the idea of a planet where there's gladiatorial games as a Thor predicament. [That storyline] was a really cool idea to us." Feige further explained that initial discussions had focused on doing "something totally different with Thor", and that centered on continuing the relationship with Loki and ideas for Hela, Valkyrie, Balder, and Beta Ray Bill, "but we were like, 'We need something big. This turned to discussing Thor going to space, and jokingly calling it "Planet Thor", which led to including Hulk in the film and revealing that he ultimately went to space at the end of Age of Ultron.

Also in October, Australia's Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop announced that filming would take place in the country, exclusively throughout the state of Queensland, including at Village Roadshow Studios in Oxenford, Gold Coast. According to Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk, the production was to spend over $100million in Queensland and employ 750 Queenslanders. Hemsworth had asked Marvel to produce the film in his home country of Australia. At the end of November 2015, Stellan Skarsgård, who portrayed Erik Selvig in the previous Thor films, said that he was contracted to appear should Marvel want to include him, but he was uncertain at the time if they did. He later confirmed that he would not appear in Thor: Ragnarok. The next month, Stephany Folsom was hired to work on the script, and Cate Blanchett entered final negotiations to join the cast.

Pre-production

In January 2016, with the film beginning pre-production, Ruffalo described it as a "road movie" and indicated that additional filming would take place in Sydney. Waititi stated that he was working on the script "a little bit", mainly adding humor to the screenplay, with Eric Pearson joining the project to rewrite the screenplay. Pearson felt joining presented many challenges, as "there were so many puzzle pieces already there," such as having Blanchett as Hela, who was confirmed in the role a month later, and including Hulk, Valkyrie, and Skurge, that he was asked to assemble. Pearson was told not to be restrained by anything from the previous films, and Waititi asked him to make the film fun and have Thor "be the coolest character." Alexander said in early March that she was no longer sure if she would appear in the film, due to scheduling conflicts with her television series Blindspot. She later indicated that this may not be the case, but ultimately was unable to appear in the film due to the conflict. Sif does appear as a character in the play based on the events of The Dark World, portrayed by Charlotte Nicdao.

In April, Tessa Thompson was cast as Valkyrie, with Natalie Portman not returning from the previous films as love interest Jane Foster. Marvel never asked the screenwriters to include the Earth-based characters from the previous films, and Feige said that Foster and Thor have broken up between films. In May, Marvel confirmed Blanchett and Thompson for the film, announced the casting of Jeff Goldblum as Grandmaster and Karl Urban as Skurge, and revealed that Idris Elba and Anthony Hopkins would reprise their respective roles of Heimdall and Odin from the previous films. In early June, Palaszczuk and Marvel Studios executive David Grant announced that filming would begin on July 4, 2016, with Weta Workshop creating props for the film. Before the sets for Marvel's Doctor Strange were demolished, Waititi wrote and filmed a scene for Ragnarok where Thor meets Benedict Cumberbatch's Stephen Strange. Marvel and Doctor Strange director Scott Derrickson felt the scene was "kind of perfect" to show Strange joining the wider MCU, so the scene also appears during the credits of Doctor Strange.

Feige noted that Thor: Ragnarok would primarily take place in the "cosmos" rather than on Earth, a departure from the previous Thor films. He expanded by saying, "Tonally and geographically there are a lot of different planets outside of the nine realms that we visit" in the film. Waititi consulted with theoretical physicist Clifford Johnson on space travel. Johnson viewed early drafts of the script, and gave Waititi physics ideas that could "wink at some of the classic old [Thor] stuff"; Johnson previously consulted on the second season of the MCU television series Agent Carter. Astronomer-physicist Adam Frank was also a consultant on the film, advising on wormholes and interstellar travel. Comic artist and Thor co-creator Jack Kirby was one of Waititi's major visual inspirations for the film. Winderbaum also called Walt Simonson's "Ragnarok" story arc an inspiration for "really fun elements ... both stylistically and narratively", as well as Thor: God of Thunder by Jason Aaron, which was the inspiration for Hela's design and abilities. Waititi said the planet Sakaar, which is featured in the "Planet Hulk" storyline, was "the biggest shift for the film and these characters", with Winderbaum describing it as "the toilet of the universe", surrounded by "wormholes that have been spitting things out into this place for eons". Also featured is Muspelheim, one of the Nine Realms, ruled by Surtur. Production designer Dan Hennah described it as a Dyson sphere, with the realm drawing power out of a dying star to energize its inhabitants. Hennah hoped to give Asgard "more of a humanity" than in previous films, by adding smaller building perspectives to help the realm seem more practical and utilitarian. For Saakar's gladiator arena, Hennah looked at Roman gladiators, but differentiated from previous similar ideas by going "all alien with it". The arena is surrounded by "standing up bleachers".

Waititi said that the film would reinvent the franchise, as "a lot of what we're doing with the film is, in a way, kind of dismantling and destroying the old idea and rebuilding it in a new way that's fresh. Everyone's got a slightly new take on their characters, so in that way, it feels like [this is] the first Thor (2011)." He added that he had seen the other films and respected them, but wanted to focus on making a "standalone film because this could be the only time I do this. I just want to make it [my] version of a Marvel film in the best way possible." This is something Hemsworth had hoped for, looking to have a lighter tone in Ragnarok compared to the previous Thor films, especially the second one, similar to Guardians of the Galaxy. He said, "I feel we had less of the sort of the naivety or fun or humor that the first [Thor] might have had. I wish we had more of that in the second [movie] ... We've done regal. We've done Shakespeare, and we've shown that. I think now it's time to go, 'Ok, cool. Let's try something different. Hemsworth continued that in order to prevent the character or film from becoming "predictable", there was "definitely a goal to do something unexpected...I think we want to get back to more of a sense of adventure and fun".

The events of Ragnarok are set four years after the events of Thor: The Dark World, two years after the events of Avengers: Age of Ultron, and around the same time as the events of Captain America: Civil War (2016) and Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), with Winderbaum noting that "things happen on top of each other now in Phase Three." The events of Ragnarok also set up Avengers: Infinity War, and Hemsworth spoke to Infinity War directors Anthony and Joe Russo before receiving the script for Ragnarok to see how it would link to Infinity War. He said Ragnarok "definitely bleeds nicely into those [films]", and Winderbaum likened Ragnaroks impact on the larger MCU to that of Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), saying it would break down ideas regarding Asgard that were previously established similar "to how Winter Soldier broke down S.H.I.E.L.D."

Filming

Principal photography began on July 4, 2016, under the working title Creature Report, at Village Roadshow Studios in Oxenford, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, exclusively using all nine of the studios' sound stages. Additional filming was to occur throughout the state of Queensland, including Tamborine National Park. The Brisbane central business district, where filming took place from August 22 to 25, was used to double as New York City. Javier Aguirresarobe served as cinematographer on the film, describing his work on the film as "a rare combination of satisfaction and frustration", feeling that he was mostly there to service the director and visual effects supervisor, but felt "very happy to have been able to respond to such incredible technical requirements".

Later in July, regarding the film's "buddy-style comedy" nature, Waititi said that the script had changed from then and it was still unclear what the final film would look like, but there "are buddy elements to it between Thor and the Hulk". He said it would be a 70s/'80s sci-fi fantasy" and "the most 'out there' of all the Marvel movies", with the tone closest to that of Big Trouble in Little China. Inspiration for the road-trip aspect of the film included 48 Hrs. (1982), Withnail and I (1987), and Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987). Waititi also asked the heads of each department to watch Flash Gordon (1980) before beginning work. Concept art released at San Diego Comic Con 2016 revealed that the character Fenris Wolf would appear.

By August, over 100 set and construction workers were given termination notifications, with some complaining that they had been promised work until October or November 2016, and that New Zealand crew members were receiving preferential treatment over the Australian locals. However, Premier Palaszczuk stated that the work for set builders simply "finished", and that other jobs would become available as actors arrived for filming. Sets constructed for the film were for Sakaar, including the Grandmaster's palace and surrounding junkyard, as well as Asgard (based on the aesthetics of the previous Thor films). The interior of the Avenger Quinjet, which was built for The Avengers (2012), was shipped to Australia. Waititi, who is Māori, made hiring Indigenous and Aboriginal Australians, along with New Zealanders, a priority for the various departments, saying, "It's a responsibility you have to the Indigenous people. You're coming to a country and you're bringing money into the economy and creating jobs but I think you have an even bigger responsibility to look after the people that have less opportunities." He added that having these people on the crew "feel[s] very much like family" and "helps calm me down and makes me feel relaxed". The Indigenous and Aboriginals were hired as part of an initiative by Screen Australia's Indigenous Department, whose mission is "to give Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders a foot in the door of the film industry".

In mid-September 2016, concept art seen during a set visit indicated Midgard Serpent would appear, and that Sif and the Warriors Three, allies of Thor in the previous two films, would be addressed in Ragnarok. Towards the end of the month, Sam Neill, who worked with Waititi in Hunt for the Wilderpeople, revealed he had a role in the film. Shortly after, Waititi teased the inclusion of the characters Korg, who Waititi portrays through motion-capture, and Miek, who is not portrayed by an actor as he does not speak in the film, and is depicted as "a larva-like creature... [with] cybernetic legs and arms". In mid-October, Waititi revealed that new camera technology had been used for a shot in the film, and that he had hoped to include John C. Reilly's Nova Corpsman Rhomann Dey in the film, but there was "no real way to pull it off". Principal photography wrapped on October 28, 2016. Second unit filming took place on Dirk Hartog Island off the coast of Western Australia, and in the South Island of New Zealand. According to Waititi, 80 percent of the dialogue in Thor: Ragnarok was improvised, in order to create a "very loose and collaborate mood" among the cast, and as an attempt to replicate the tone and sensibility from his previous films. He stated, "My style of working is I'll often be behind the camera, or right next to the camera yelling words at people, like, 'Say this, say this! Say it this way!

Post-production
In January 2017, it was revealed that Pearson would receive sole screenwriting credit on the film, with the story credited to Kyle, Yost, and Folsom. These credits were later updated the following September, with Pearson as the screenwriter and story credit for Kyle and Yost. Folsom took issue with Marvel marketing the film with these credits, noting the Writers Guild of America (WGA) had yet to determine the final credits for the film. She later said that Marvel had given her a story credit on the film, but it was denied by the WGA due to their regulation that a maximum of two individuals can receive story credit, with an allowance for a writing team to count as one individual; Pearson and the team of Kyle and Yost received the story credit on Ragnarok. Folsom added that she planned to appeal the decision, and that Marvel has been supportive of her throughout her attempt to receive credit. By the end of the month, the writing credits were updated once again, this time simply crediting Pearson, Kyle, and Yost as screenwriters.

In February 2017, Rachel House said she had a small role in the film, having worked with Waititi before. Additional filming took place in Atlanta in July 2017, over three weeks, including filming post-credit scenes. One of these introduces the spaceship Sanctuary II, which belongs to Thanos in Avengers: Infinity War, while the other, shown at the end of the credits, features the Grandmaster. Goldblum and Waititi improvised multiple versions of the latter scene; one unused version involved the singing of the Sakaarian national anthem, which was "made up on the spot". Also filmed in Atlanta was the completion of a sequence where Asgardian actors perform a play based on the events of The Dark World. Neill appears in the sequence as the Odin actor, and Hemsworth's brother Luke portrays the Thor actor. Explaining the sequence, Waititi said, "if I was Loki and I was ruling Asgard, I would write a play about myself and force everyone to go and see it—change the details of the play and get a huge celebrity to play myself." For the Loki actor, they "really wanted someone good and someone who's funny", and Chris Hemsworth suggested that Matt Damon, whom he knew personally, take on the role. Damon was in New York City at the time, and flew to Atlanta just to shoot the cameo "on a lark". Also changed during reshoots was the location of the sequence where Thor and Loki find Odin on Earth, and Hela subsequently destroys Mjolnir. Originally set in a New York City alley, Waititi decided that the environment was distracting from the emotions of the sequence. The location was changed to Norway, which Waititi felt gave more weight to the scenes, made Odin's storyline more "authentic", and also allowed the characters and the audience to "chill out for a second, and have that moment, because the rest of the film basically just runs at a clip".

By the time the reshoots for the film were completed, the film had been cut down from Waititi's initial version of two hours and forty minutes to around ninety minutes, with that expected to increase slightly with the newly filmed scenes. However, after the film's 2017 Comic Con panel, it was decided to add back a lot of the jokes that had been removed, with the final runtime being two hours and ten minutes. Joel Negron and Zene Baker served as editors on the film. Waititi described the process of deciding exactly what jokes to keep as "very tricky ... sometimes it would be funny in the beginning of the film and then not funny at all [or] it was funny in the wrong places and in the end, we had to just keep testing jokes and testing parts of the film". Ragnarok also clarifies that an Infinity Gauntlet seen in Thor was a fake. Feige expanded, saying that it had been included in Thor as an easter egg, since Marvel Studios was "working on The Avengers and trying to [put] that all together for the conclusion of Phase One." However, shortly after The Avengers released and the studio began to solidify plans for Avengers: Infinity War, they realized that the gauntlet seen in Thor could not be the actual one, creating an internal theory that it was fake; this resulted in the scene in Ragnarok, which was created "just [to have] the opportunity to call it a fake".

Visual effects

Visual effects for the film were created by Industrial Light & Magic's (ILM) San Francisco and Vancouver studios, with help from Base FX, Animatrik, and Virtuos; Framestore; Method Studios Vancouver; Digital Domain; Rising Sun Pictures; Luma Pictures; D Negative; Iloura; Image Engine; Trixter; The Secret Lab; WhiskeyTree Inc; Fin Designs + Effects; and Perception. Previsualization work was provided by The Third Floor and Day for Nite. Luma Pictures produced over 200 shoots in eight sequences, particularly for the characters Korg (receiving assets from Framestore) and Miek. Method Studios provided over 450 shots, including Thor's opening fight against Surtur in Muspelheim and Hela's fight against the Asgardian guards. D Negative worked on over 190 shots, creating the environment for the planet Sakaar, including its junkyard landscape and wormholes, with the wormholes also created through a collaboration with Digital Domain. The film's main-on-end title sequence was designed by Perception.

ILM, who worked on previous incarnations of the Hulk, had to add much more detail to the character's facial features in Ragnarok due to the Hulk's increased dialogue. ILM visual effects supervisor Chad Wiebe explained that Ruffalo's expressions were captured fresh for the film using Medusa, a performance capture technology. With 90 different expressions captured, ILM "built an entirely new library that would allow [Hulk] to cover a full range of normal human visual characteristics." To help create the Hulk, a person on set was covered in green body paint, and would replicate the intended motions of the character to aid the visual effect artists. Additionally, stunt actor Paul Lowe, who is under  tall, stood in for Hemsworth during some of his interactions with the Hulk so that the Hulk's stuntmen would be proportionally correct. In some instances when Thor and the Hulk interacted, a digital double was used for Thor, also created by ILM, to have greater flexibility for the shots. ILM worked on all of the Hulk moments in the film outside the final fight sequence, which was completed by Framestore using ILM's assets, as Framestore was primarily responsible for rigging that sequence. Framestore completed nearly 460 shots, which featured digital doubles of Thor and Hela, Fenris, Korg, Miek, the giant Surtur at the end of the film, and over 9,000 buildings for Asgard, based on assets D Negative had from The Dark World, resulting in over 263 character, vehicle, prop, and crowd rigs.

Rising Sun Pictures produced more than 170 visual effects shots for Thor: Ragnarok. They worked on the Valkyrie flashback sequence, with the sequence's surreal ethereal appearance achieved through a combination of motion capture, computer graphics, a 900 fps high-speed frame rate, and a special 360-degree lighting rig containing 200 strobe lights to bathe the scene in undulating patterns of light and shadow. Rising Sun also helped create the various CGI aspects of Hela, such as her "hair wipe transition" to her horns, and her original introduction in New York City. Following the reshoots, ImageEngine completed the new Norway introduction since Rising Sun was focused on the palace fight by then.

Music

By August 2016, Mark Mothersbaugh was hired to score the film. The synthesized score is influenced by the work of Jean-Michel Jarre. Waititi stated he would have asked the band Queen to work on the soundtrack for the film if their lead singer Freddie Mercury was still alive, because the film is "a cool, bold, colorful cosmic adventure" which would have suited the "feel" of the band. Additional music featured in the film include "Immigrant Song" by Led Zeppelin and "Pure Imagination" from the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971). Patrick Doyle's themes from Thor and Brian Tyler's themes from The Dark World and Avengers: Age of Ultron, as well as Joe Harnell's "The Lonely Man" theme from The Incredible Hulk series, are also used in the film. Hollywood Records released the film's soundtrack digitally on October 20, 2017, and physically on November 10, 2017.

Marketing
At the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con, a physical model of Hulk's gladiator armor was revealed, concept art and rough animatics were shown, and a "mockumentary" short titled Team Thor was screened. Directed by Waititi, it showed what Thor and Banner were doing during the events of Civil War, with Daley Pearson appearing as Thor's Australian flatmate Darryl Jacobson. The short was released online in August 2016, and with the digital download of Captain America: Civil War the following month. Team Thor: Part 2 was released on the home media of Doctor Strange in February 2017, with Pearson reprising his role. Footage and concept art for the film were shown at CinemaCon 2017.

On April 10, 2017, the first teaser trailer was released. Sandy Schaefer of Screen Rant felt it was "a strong start" for the film, having "a distinctly playful vibe" by setting it to "Immigrant Song". The Verges Chaim Gartenberg said "this may be the weirdest Marvel movie to date" thanks to the costumes, makeup, and '80s aesthetic. Michael Arbeiter for Nerdist was pleased with the teaser, stating, "nothing in the MCU thus far can hold a candle to the imagination promised by this ... have any of [the previous MCU films] felt this beholden to what we've always known and loved as the adventure genre?" The teaser was viewed 136 million times in 24 hours, the third-highest in that time frame, behind The Fate of the Furious (139million) and It (197million). It also became Disney and Marvel's most viewed trailer within that time period, surpassing Beauty and the Beast (127million) and Captain America: Civil War (94 million), respectively. The line from the trailer of Thor saying Hulk "is a friend from work" was suggested to Hemsworth by a Make-A-Wish child visiting the set on the day the scene was filmed.

Props and costumes from the film were on display at D23 Expo 2017 along with set pieces for photo opportunities. The costumes were also on display at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, where Waititi and cast members promoted the film. Exclusive clips were shown, along with a new trailer. Ethan Anderton of /Film felt "the blend of comedy and bright, vibrant comic book action" in the trailer was "incredible". Collider's Haleigh Foutch was "in love with this trailer" and "all in" on the film. Germain Lussier for io9 called the trailer "a two-and-a-half-minute ball of action, awesomeness, humor, and insanity that may be the most purely  Marvel movie trailer we've ever seen." The poster also released was praised, being called by Anthony Couto from Comic Book Resources as "quite stunning", "insanely colorful", and "perfectly symmetrical", with Matt Goldberg of Collider feeling it "really [lets] you know that this Thor movie is going to be radically different than the first two". Due to the Comic-Con presentation, Thor: Ragnarok generated over 264,000 new conversations on social media from July 17 to 23, the most out of any film during that time period, according to Comscore and its PreAct service. It remained the most-discussed film on social media for two more weeks.

In August 2017, Marvel partnered with car manufacturer Renault on a commercial supporting the release of the Kwid in Brazil. Directed by Jonathan Gurvit and shot in São Paulo, it features the Hulk destroying a satellite headed towards the city. Framestore worked on visual effects for the commercial, building on the foundation they had from working on the character in previous films. Also in August, Marvel, in partnership with Dolby Laboratories, Synchrony Bank, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Broadcom Masters, and Society for Science & the Public, announced the "Superpower of STEM Challenge", aimed at females aged 15 through 18 in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics education) fields, to "create an original Do-It-Yourself project that can be replicated by others" and "help their family, community or the world be safer, healthier or happier". Five winners would attend the film's world premiere, receive a tour of Walt Disney Studios, and a $500 saving account from Synchrony Bank, with one grand prize winner attending "an immersive three-day mentorship in New York City with Disney Imagineering" to create a "professional-level video teaching other young people how to recreate" their winning project. They were also given the opportunity to demonstrate the project on Good Morning America.

For the week of August 21, Ragnarok once again had the most social media conversations, according to comScore and its PreAct service. New clips of Thor and Hulk fighting, released on the same day as the Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor fight, helped generate the 57,000 new conversations for the week. From September 25 to October 15, Ragnarok had the second-most social media conversations according to the service, and was once again first for the week of October 16 following the release of extended clips and plot details. Beginning October 6, 2017, Disney California Adventure showed a sneak peek of the film at the Sunset Showcase Theater in Hollywood Land, presented in 3D with "special in-theater effects". Ahead of the United States release of the film, Hemsworth, Hiddleston, Blanchett, Goldblum, Ruffalo, and Thompson appeared with James Corden on The Late Late Show with James Corden to present a "4D" version of the film, which was actually a stage play. The cast performed various scenes from the film live in low-budget costumes and with cardboard stage props. Additional promotional partners of the film included Red Robin, United Healthcare, and Screenvision Media.

Release

Theatrical

Thor: Ragnarok had its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on October 10, 2017, and its Australian premiere took place on October 13, on the Gold Coast. It was released in the United Kingdom on October 24, 2017, with additional international releases on October 25, and in Australia on October 26. The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 3, in 4,080 theaters, of which over 3,400 were 3D, 381 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 204 were D-Box. The film opened in 1,187 IMAX theaters globally, which was a November opening weekend record. It was originally scheduled for release on July 28, 2017. Thor: Ragnarok is part of Phase Three of the MCU.

Home media
Thor: Ragnarok was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on February 20, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, DVD and On-Demand on March 6. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes; audio commentary; deleted scenes; a blooper reel; and Team Darryl, a continuation of the "mockumentary" short films Team Thor and Team Thor: Part 2, in which the Grandmaster moves in with Darryl after Thor leaves. In one of the deleted scenes, Michael Rooker makes an appearance as Yondu, reprising the role from the first two Guardians of the Galaxy films. James Gunn, writer and director of the Guardians films, clarified that Yondu was never meant to appear in the final film, and that Rooker was on a nearby set recording material for the Halloween variant of the theme park attraction Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!; and decided to stop by the Ragnarok set "to goof around".

The film debuted at number one on the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart during its first week of release, which tracks combined DVD and Blu-ray Disc unit sales, and a dedicated Blu-ray Disc sales chart. Blu-ray accounted for 83% of unit sales, with 11% coming from Ultra HD Blu-ray. Thor: Ragnarok also debuted second on the Media Play News rental chart behind Coco. In its second week, the film fell to number two on the NPD VideoScan chart, coming in behind Justice League, but rose to number one on the Media Play News rental chart. The IMAX Enhanced version of the film was made available on Disney+ beginning on November 12, 2021.

Reception

Box office
Thor: Ragnarok grossed $316million in the United States and Canada, and $539million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $855million. In September 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Ragnarok was the most anticipated fall film. On the weekend of November 3, 2017, the film earned $25.4million from IMAX showings, surpassing Doctor Strange as the largest for a November weekend. The film had earned $650.1million globally, surpassing the total grosses for Thor ($449.3million) and Thor: The Dark World ($644.6million), by the end of its third weekend. It became the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2017. Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $174.2million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participations, and other costs; box office grosses and home media revenues placed it eighth on their list of 2017's "Most Valuable Blockbusters".

Thor: Ragnarok earned $46.8million on its opening day in the United States and Canada (including $14.5million from Thursday night previews), and had a total weekend gross of $122.7million, which was the top film for the weekend, the sixth-best November opening, and the largest opening for all Thor films. IMAX contributed $12.2million, which was the second-best IMAX opening of 2017 and its third-best November opening. The film's earnings on Sunday ($32.1million), was the second-best Sunday in November after The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) ($34.5million). The film had been projected to gross $100–125million in its opening weekend. Ragnarok remained the number one film in its second weekend, having earned a total of $211.6million, which surpassed the entire runs of Thor ($181million) and The Dark World ($206.4million). In its third weekend, Thor: Ragnarok fell to third at the box office, and fourth in its fourth and fifth weekends. The film surpassed its projected total domestic gross of $280million in its fifth weekend with $291.4million, Thor: Ragnarok was fifth in its sixth weekend, and seventh in its seventh weekend, the final weekend it remained in the top 10.

Outside the United States and Canada, the film opened in 36 markets in its first weekend, ranking first in all, and earning $109.1million, $6million of which came from 189 IMAX screens. The United Kingdom opening ($16.2million) was the best October opening for a non-James Bond film. South Korea ($15.7million), Australia ($8.4million), Brazil ($8.1million), Indonesia ($5.5 million), Taiwan ($5.4 million), the Philippines ($3.8 million), Malaysia ($3.5 million), New Zealand, Vietnam, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, and South Africa had the best October opening weekend ever, while France ($7.7million) had the second-best. Brazil also had the third-best debut for an MCU film, while New Zealand's opening was the biggest of 2017. In its second weekend, Ragnarok opened at number one in 19 more markets, with the largest November opening ever in China ($56.3million, including $6million from 446 IMAX screens), Mexico ($10.8million), Germany ($8.9million), and India ($5.5million). It also remained at number one in many existing markets. The film earned an additional $13.2million from 788 IMAX screens, the best November opening. In its third weekend, the film remained at number one in over 30 countries, and became the highest-grossing superhero film in the Czech Republic. By its fifth weekend, Ragnarok had become the highest-grossing superhero film in central and eastern Europe. , the film's largest markets were China ($112million), the United Kingdom ($40.4million), and South Korea ($35.1million).

Critical response

The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of , with an average score of , based on  reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Exciting, funny, and above all fun, Thor: Ragnarok is a colorful cosmic adventure that sets a new standard for its franchise—and the rest of the Marvel Cinematic Universe." Metacritic assigned a weighted average score of 74 out of 100 based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, the best of the Thor series, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 90% overall positive score and an 85% "definite recommend".

Sheri Linden of The Hollywood Reporter praised Waititi's handling of "the clash-of-worlds CGI extravaganza", particularly for the lighter tone he brought, with "even the story's central bad guys [being] silly fun, hammed to the hilt by Cate Blanchett and Jeff Goldblum." Alonso Duralde of TheWrap wrote, "Both the banter and the fighting, it should be noted, are excellent, so whether you go to superhero movies for the glossy escapism or the pulse-pounding action, you'll get your large soda's worth." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film three stars out of four, described it as "the most fun you'll ever have at a Marvel movie" while praising the film's changing tone and direction, comparing it favourably to Guardians of the Galaxy. The San Francisco Chronicles Mick LaSalle lauded the performances of Hemsworth, Hiddleston, Blanchett, Thompson, Goldblum and Ruffalo, feeling the film "has confidence in its characters and in its own invention, and so it avoids repetition and stays fresh".

Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times similarly praised the film, calling the performances of the ensemble cast "outstanding" and Waititi's direction "goofy and campy and marvelously self-referential". He also said the soundtrack that was used in the climactic battle sequence, particularly Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song", was "perfectly synced". Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four stars, positively comparing Hemsworth's performance to Cary Grant: "Hemsworth's charisma holds [Thor: Ragnarok] together whenever it threatens to spin apart". Justin Chang of Los Angeles Times praised Blanchett's performance of Hela, drawing a comparison of the portrayal of her character to other iconic villains such as Maleficent and Chernabog, and the film's similar themes and tone to Flash Gordon, Star Wars (1977), and Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin gave the film four out of five, hailed it as "one of [Marvel's] best films to date" while commending the performances and describing Mark Mothersbaugh's musical score as "turbo-charged". Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune commended the performances of Hiddleston and Thompson as being "wonderfully matched". He also noted a similar directing style of Waititi to Edgar Wright's "parodic work" and labelled the film as "unusually lively and buoyant" while acknowledging the effect of a "Marvel Fatigue factor" towards the audiences.

Peter Debruge of Variety called the movie "preposterous", but praised Goldblum's performance. Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine stated negatively that "Thor: Ragnarok is packed tight with zooming space vehicles and noisy thunder battles, but the movie's extravagant excess is more narcotizing than energizing." Zacharek further added that "Even poor Thor seems lost in all of it, and he's supposed to be its star" while criticizing the film's visual effects as being "an instance of fun overkill" and "a special-effects coma". Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the story "an uninteresting thicket of brawls, machinations and useful coincidences" but did feel that Hemsworth "looks happier and far more relaxed in Ragnarok than he did in the previous Thor vehicles, which is perhaps Mr. Waititi's truest achievement here."

Some critics claim that Thor: Ragnarok conceals sophisticated commentary under its comedic presentation, specifically on themes of colonial history and indigenous people. Key points in this discourse include Waititi's own indigenous Māori heritage; Asgard's bloody history and Odin's whitewashing of it, as revealed by Hela; Scrapper 142's burial in alcohol of her ethnic identity as a Valkyrie; and the Grandmaster's euphemizing of "slaves" as "prisoners with jobs".

Accolades

Future

Sequel

A third sequel titled Thor: Love and Thunder was released on July 8, 2022. Hemsworth, Thompson, and Elba reprised their roles, with Natalie Portman, Jaimie Alexander, Kat Dennings, and Stellan Skarsgård returning after not appearing in Ragnarok. Portman portrayed her character taking on the mantle of Thor, similar to the comics. Additionally, Chris Pratt, Pom Klementieff, Dave Bautista, Karen Gillan, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, and Sean Gunn reprise their roles as Guardians of the Galaxy members Peter Quill / Star-Lord, Mantis, Drax the Destroyer, Nebula, Groot, Rocket, and Kraglin Obfonteri. Christian Bale joined the cast as the villain Gorr the God Butcher.

Other
By the release of Ragnarok, Waititi and Marvel had discussed a spin-off Marvel One-Shot short film following the characters Korg and Miek, but it was unfeasible due to Marvel's commitment to producing three feature films a year. Feige said Marvel still had plans for those characters, but did not specify. Both appear in Avengers: Endgame and Love and Thunder.

Notes

References

External links

2010s action adventure films
2010s American films
2010s buddy comedy films
2010s English-language films
2010s fantasy adventure films
2010s superhero comedy films
2017 3D films
2017 action comedy films
2017 films
4DX films
American 3D films
American action comedy films
American buddy action films
American crossover films
American fantasy action films
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American sequel films
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Apocalyptic films
Asgard in fiction
Demons in film
Fiction about deicide
Films about extraterrestrial life
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Films about royalty
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Films based on Norse mythology
Films directed by Taika Waititi
Films scored by Mark Mothersbaugh
Films set in 2017
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Films with screenplays by Christopher Yost
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Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three films
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Thor (film series)


title: Little Lady Eileen

text:
Little Lady Eileen is a lost 1916 silent fantasy drama starring Marguerite Clark. It was directed by J. Searle Dawley and produced by Adolph Zukor.

The film had double exposure photography since Vernon Steele plays two different characters within the same scene.

Cast
Marguerite Clark - Eileen Kavanaugh
Vernon Steele - Stanley Churchill/Sir George Churchill
John L. Shine - Eileen's father
J.K. Murray - Father Kearney
Harry Lee - Powdein
Maggie Fisher - Lady Gower
Russell Bassett - Mike Cafferty

References

External links
Little Lady Eileen at IMDb.com
AllMovie.com/synopsis
Kinotv

1916 films
American silent feature films
Films directed by J. Searle Dawley
Paramount Pictures films
Lost American films
Films based on short fiction
American black-and-white films
American fantasy drama films
Lost fantasy drama films
1910s fantasy drama films
1916 lost films
1916 drama films
1910s American films
Silent American drama films


title: Acta Koreana

text:
Acta Koreana is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering Korean studies published in English by Academia Koreana (Keimyung University, Daegu, SK). It was established in 1998 as an annual publication; since 2002 it has been published biannually.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Scopus, CSA Sociological Abstracts, Bibliography of Asian Studies, Korea Citation Index, and SocINDEX.

References

External links

Korean studies journals
Cultural journals
English-language journals
Biannual journals
Academic journals established in 1998
Keimyung University
1998 establishments in South Korea


title: MedInvestTrade

text:
Medinvesttrade () was an association with limited liability, headquarters of which is located in Donetsk. On November 17, 2011 the Economic court of Zaporizhia Region adapted a decision to liquidate the bankrupted company Medinvesttrade.

The company became known after on September 25, 2007 it signed an exchange agreement with a state company Nadra Ukrayiny headed by Eduard Stavytsky, after which the state residence Mezhyhirya ended up in private hands. Previously, Nadra Ukrayiny received Mezhyhirya residence on July 11, 2007 after the transfer was approved by the Fund of State Property.

The exchange between Medinvesttrade and Nadra Ukrayiny involved number of real estates in Vyshhorod Raion and Kyiv city. Nadra Ukrayiny agreed to hand over buildings, structures, and other equipment of Pushcha-Vodytsia recreational complex in Novi Petrivtsi (addresses: 19 vulytsia Ivana Franka and 123a vulytsia Mezhyhirska) at an estimated price ₴91,771,620. In exchange Nadra Ukrayiny received complex of buildings in Kyiv (address: 3, 5, 7 Parkova doroha) with estimated price ₴93,115,419.

Next month in October 2007 Medinvesttrade file a lawsuit in the Economic court of Kyiv city about recognizing the exchange agreement as invalid, but has lost it and, thus, legalizing the process.

On November 19, 2007 Medinvesttrade sold the exchanged property to Tantalit.

See also
 Ukraine Air Enterprise

References

External links
 They returned to Yanukovych the cottage. DELO. July 28, 2008.

Companies of Ukraine
Economy of Donetsk
Ukrainian brands
Construction and civil engineering companies of Ukraine


title: Ercole Gaetano Bertuzzi

text:
Ercole Gaetano Bertuzzi (Bologna, 1668–1710) was an Italian painter of history during the late Baroque period.

Biography
He studied under Cesare Gennari, and became a member of the Accademia Clementina of Bologna. He painted some rooms in the palace of the Marchesi Canossa in Valverde near Cesenatico, and quadratura for the house of the same family in Reggio Emilia.

References

1668 births
1710 deaths
Italian male painters
Painters from Bologna
Italian Baroque painters


title: List of power stations in Arkansas

text:
This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Arkansas, separated by fuel type.  In 2021, Arkansas had a summer capacity of 14,832 megawatts, and a net generation of 61,100 gigawatt-hours. In 2022, the electrical energy generation mix was 38.3% natural gas, 31.5% coal, 22.2% nuclear, 5.5% hydroelectric, 1.4% biomass, 1.1% solar, and 0.1% petroleum.

Biogas

Coal

Hydroelectric

Pumped storage

Natural gas

Natural gas/petroleum

Nuclear

Petroleum

Solar photovoltaic

Storage

Proposed power stations

Retired power stations

See also

List of public utilities in Arkansas
Energy in Arkansas

References

External links
Arkansas at the U.S. Energy Information Administration

Arkansas
Power


title: FC Denver

text:
FC Denver is an American Soccer Club based in Denver, Colorado. The club plays in the Colorado Premier League (under USASA umbrella) and participates in regional and national tournaments the U.S. Open Cup, The Las Vegas Silver Mug, and Colorado State Cup tournaments. Previously, the club participated in the Premier Arena Soccer League between 2012 and 2014. The club has five men's teams (Premier, United, U19, Masters (Over-30), & Legends (Over-30)). Although the club's crest honors the colors of Denver's city flag, the club wears its traditional colors of green, white, and black.

History

FC Denver was founded in winter 2005/2006 and played its first match in March 2006. FC Denver began as a single men's amateur soccer team playing in the now defunct Comets Soccer League. The club grew to four outdoor teams by 2011.

The club's top men's team, Premier, which has won the 2013 & 2015 Colorado State Cup. The win qualified them for the 2013-14 USSSA national championships in March 2014 where they lost in the semifinals to eventual champion Colorado Rovers S.C.

During the Fall of 2017, FC Denver won three qualifying matches to qualify for the 2018 US Open Cup. FC Denver went on to win its 2018 US Open Cup round 1 match vs Azteca FC by a 4–2 scoreline and lose 3–2 to USL team Colorado Switchbacks FC in Round. In Summer of 2018, the club announced its first youth team, a U19 team to begin league play in Spring 2019.

Honors
US Open Cup 2018 Round 1 Winners - May 2018
US Open Cup 2018 Qualifiers - Fall 2017
CASL 1st Division champions - Fall 2015
USSSA Colorado State Cup champions - July 2015
USSSA National Cup Semifinalist - March 2014
USSSA Colorado State Cup champions - July 2013
Choice Wireless Spring Soccer Showcase Champions - April 2013
CASL 1st Division champions - Fall 2012
CASL 1st Division champions - Fall 2011
Comets Soccer League Premier Division champions - Spring 2007
Colorado State Cup Eid Cup champions - August 2006

PASL Indoor Standings Year-by-year

Head coaches

  Drew Melin (2015–Present)
  Luke Elbin (2013–2015)
  Kyle Firebaugh (2009-2012)
  Eric Fulton (2006-2008)

References

External links
FC Denver official website

Premier Arena Soccer League website
Rocky Mountain Division website

Soccer clubs in Colorado
Soccer clubs in Denver
Association football clubs established in 2005
Premier Arena Soccer League teams


title: Axel Jansson (politician)

text:
Karl Axel Jansson (14 December 1916 – 22 June 1968) was a Swedish politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Sweden.

Jansson, born in Lundby, was the son of Johan August Jansson and Maria Matilda Andersson. He was the chairman of the Linköping branch of Verdandi 1937–1939. Jansson served as secretary of the Young Communist League of Sweden 1943–1946, and the chairman of the organization 1947–1950. He was the editor of Stormklockan 1944–1950. Jansson was an advocate for replacing the communist youth movement with a broader, democratic youth organization.

He became a Central Committee member of the party in 1946. In 1951 he became a political affairs editor of Norrskensflamman. He later became the chairman of the board of Ny Dag.

Jansson was a member of the Stockholm City Council 1946–1950. Between 1951 and 1957 he was the chairman of the Örebro län District of the Communist Party. He also worked as a regional organizer for the Örebro län District of the Communist Party 1952–1957. He was a member of the landsting of Örebro län 1954–1958.

Between 1961 and 1967 he was the chairman of the Stockholm Communist Labour Commune, and between 1957 and 1967 he was part of the national Executive Committee of the party. He was elected to the Second Chamber of parliament in the 1964 election. He was a prominent figure in the right-wing trend inside the party leadership. He argued in favour of a gradual, parliamentary transition to socialism. Jansson lost his seat in the Executive Committee at the 1967 party congress.

Jansson died on Midsummers' Day at Vantör in 1968, at the age of 51. Carsten Thunborg replaced him in parliament.

References

1916 births
1968 deaths
Left Party (Sweden) politicians
20th-century Swedish politicians


title: Stapylton, Queensland

text:
Stapylton is a mixed-use locality in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. In the , Stapylton had a population of 444 people.

Geography

Stapylton is bounded to the west by the Albert River and the Pacific Motorway.

Stapylton has the following mountains in the north of the locality:

 Mount Stapylton (Yellowwood Mountain) ()  above sea level
 Quinns Hill ()  above sea level

History
The area was named after surveyor Granville William Chetwynd Stapylton (1800–1840), who was killed by Aborigines on 31 May 1840, near Mount Lindesay.

Stapylton State School opened on 18 May 1920. It closed in 1961. The school was located on the south-eastern corner of Hester Drive and Stapylton Jacobs Well Road (approx ).

The Yatala drive-in theatre was opened on 27 October 1974.

Stapylton was once part of the Shire of Albert until its amalgamation in 1995.

Stapylyon had a population of 445 at the .

In the , Stapylton had a population of 444 people.

Economy
Australia's first green waste to energy power plant was built at Stapylton.

The suburb contains the Mount Stapylton Weather station, several quarries and the Stapylton Landfill and Recycling Centre.  The radar tower is 30 m tall and was completed in 2006.

Education
There are no schools in Staplyton. The nearest government primary school is Mount Warren Park State School in Mount Warren Park to the west. The nearest government secondary school  is Beenleigh State High School in Beenleigh to the west and Ormeau Woods State High School in Ormeau to the south.

Amenities

The Yatala drive-in theatre is at 100 Stapylton Jacobs Well Road (). It contains two large screens and covers .

Attractions
Supercars team Dick Johnson Racing is based in Stapylton.

References

External links

Suburbs of the Gold Coast, Queensland
Localities in Queensland


title: St Mary's College, Aberystwyth

text:
St Mary's College () was a Roman Catholic seminary in Aberystwyth, Wales, in the United Kingdom. It was the only Roman Catholic diocesan seminary founded in Wales. Also, as it trained priests in the Welsh language, it was the only post-reformation Roman Catholic college of its kind. It was founded in 1904 in Holywell and moved to Aberystwyth in 1936. It was closed in 1970 and now houses the Welsh Books Council.

History

Foundation
In 1895, the Vicar Apostolic of the Wales was created and the first bishop was Francis Mostyn. He wanted a Welsh diocese to have a Welsh bishop and a bilingual clergy so he sought a college that would train future priests in the Welsh language.

In 1904, he opened St Mary's College (Coleg Mair) in Holywell. From 1908 to 1910, John Hugh Jones worked there, translating various religious writings into Welsh. The college lasted for 30 years before it closed because of a lack of finances.

Reopening
In 1936, the Bishop of Menevia, Michael McGrath invited the Carmelites to reopen the college in Aberystwyth and staff the local church of Our Lady of the Angels and St Winefride. It was established in Aberystwyth by Fr Pat Geary O.Carm, who went on to become the Superior of the Carmelites in England and Wales. One noted teacher there from 1936 was Saunders Lewis, he worked with Fr Geary, and one of their pupils was the poet John Fitzgerald. Another student was Daniel Mullins who came to the college in 1944, learned Welsh at the college and became the Bishop of Menevia in 1987.

After World War II, the Carmelites realised that an expansion was needed, so some of the staff and students were moved to set up a minor seminary in Tregib Manor in Llandeilo and the college in Aberystwyth was to become focussed on the training of mature students for the priesthood. In 1966, the college in Llandeilo was sold and the building was demolished soon after. In 1970, St Mary's College was also closed and the building was bought by the Welsh Books Council who continue to reside there. In 2004, the Carmelites moved from Our Lady of the Angels Church in Aberystwyth to Our Lady Queen of Peace Church in Llanelli.

See also
 Roman Catholicism in Wales

References

Former theological colleges in Wales
Roman Catholic Diocese of Menevia
Buildings and structures in Aberystwyth
Former Catholic seminaries
Catholic Church in Wales
Catholic universities and colleges in Wales


title: Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger

text:
Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger (18 February 1719 – 15 April 1772) was a German physician.

He studied philosophy at the University of Tübingen and medicine at the Universities of Leipzig and Halle, obtaining his doctorate at the latter institution in 1739. He later practiced medicine in Stuttgart and Urach, and in 1760 was named an associate professor of medicine at the University of Tübingen. In 1762 he became a full professor of medicine at Tübingen.

Published works
"", 1739 (advisor Michael Alberti), graduate thesis at Halle.
"", 1760 (with Christian Gottlieb Reuss).
"", 1762 (with Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin).
"", 1766 (with Wilhelm Gottfried Ploucquet, respondent).
"", 1767 (with Christian Friedrich Jaeger).
"", 1768 (with Johann Friedrich Gmelin, respondent).
"", 1768 (with Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, respondent).
"", 1770 (with Wolfgang Heinrich Moser, respondent).

References

1719 births
1772 deaths
People from Göppingen
18th-century German physicians
Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
University of Tübingen alumni
University of Halle alumni
Leipzig University alumni


title: Kim So-hee

text:
Kim So-hee or Kim So-hui may refer to:

 Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917), a.k.a. Kim Sun-ok (1917–1995), Korean traditional musician for Pansori
 Kim Sohyi (born 1965), South Korean chef
 Kim So-hee (speed skater) (born 1976), South Korean short track speed skater
 Kim So-hee (taekwondo, born 1992), South Korean taekwondo practitioner
 Kim So-hui (taekwondo, born 1994), South Korean taekwondo practitioner
 Kim So-hee (singer, born 1995), South Korean singer
 Kim So-hee (singer, born 1999), South Korean singer and member of Elris
 Gim So-hui (born 1996), South Korean alpine skier
 Kim So-hee (actress) (born 2000), South Korean actress


title: M. exigua

text:
M. exigua may refer to:

 Madia exigua, a western North American plant
 Meloidogyne exigua, a coffee root-knot nematode
 Micromystix exigua, a snout moth
 Micropyxis exigua, a perennial herb
 Miresa exigua, a slug moth
 Mitromorpha exigua, a sea snail
 Mordellistena exigua, a tumbling flower beetle
 Mycosphaerella exigua, a plant pathogen
 Myrmecia exigua, a bulldog ant
 Myrmica exigua, an ant with a binodal petiole
 Myrmicaria exigua, an ant with an antenna with seven segments


title: VA-104 (U.S. Navy)

text:
VA-104 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. It was established as Fighter Squadron VF-104 on 1 May 1952, and redesignated VA-104 in December 1953. The squadron was disestablished on 31 March 1959. Its nickname was Hell's Archers.

Significant events
 Nov 1956: During the Suez War the squadron operated from USS Coral Sea (CVA-43) off the coast of Egypt. It provided air support for the evacuation of Americans and foreign nationals from that country.
 Jul 1958: The squadron operated from USS Forrestal (CVA-59) in the eastern Atlantic, ready to enter the Mediterranean if needed for the U.S. Marines’ landing in Beirut, Lebanon.

Home port assignments
The squadron was assigned to these home ports, effective on the dates shown:
 NAS Cecil Field – 1 May 1952
 NAS Jacksonville – Apr 1953
 NAS Cecil Field – Dec 1953
 NAS Jacksonville – Feb 1957

Aircraft assignment
The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown:
 FG-1D Corsair – May 1952
 F4U-5 Corsair – Dec 1952
 AD-6 Skyraider – 6 Jan 1954

See also
 Attack aircraft
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: NGC 2685

text:
NGC 2685 (also known as the Helix Galaxy) is a lenticular and polar ring Seyfert Type 2 galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. It is about 50,000 light-years across and about 42 million light-years away from Earth. It is receding from Earth at 883 kilometers per second. It is an object of great scientific interest, because polar-ring galaxies are very rare galaxies. They are thought to form when two galaxies gravitationally interact with each other. "The bizarre configuration could be caused by the chance capture of material from another galaxy by a disk galaxy, with the captured debris strung out in a rotating ring. Still, observed properties of NGC 2685 suggest that the rotating ring structure is remarkably old and stable."

Allan Sandage referred to NGC 2685 as "perhaps the most peculiar galaxy in the Shapley-Ames Catalog".

Gallery

References

External links

NGC 2685
NGC 2685
2685
336
Ursa Major
025065


title: Overjoyed (Bastille song)

text:
"Overjoyed" is a song by the British band Bastille. Released on 27 April 2012, it was the band's first single release through Virgin Records. It was the first single to be taken from their first studio album, Bad Blood. The track was also included in both their 2011 self-released recording, the Laura Palmer EP, and the 2013 US-only release, the Haunt. Due to little promotion, the track failed to chart in the United Kingdom, the only non-charting single from the album.

Music video
The music video was released onto YouTube on 3 November 2011. It was directed by Courtney Phillips and is a length of three minutes and forty-five seconds. It is the band first music video and, like the extended play the song was originally featured on, it is said to be heavily inspired by the television series Twin Peaks. It shows a girl, possibly representing the character Laura Palmer from the series, who leaves her room with a book and walks through the streets at night to go to a forest where she buries the book. She is also seen several times throughout the video standing near a lake in the forest (as seen in the single cover).

Following its premiere, the music publication Q introduced the track as its "Track of the Day" for 7 March 2012.

There are alternative videos of the band performing the song live at the Copped Hall. The Distance remix was also given a video.

Track listing
Digital download
 "Overjoyed" – 3:24
 "Sleepsong" – 3:40
 "Overjoyed" (Yeasayer Remix) – 4:09
 "Overjoyed" (Distance Remix) – 5:05
 "Overjoyed" (Ghostwriter Remix) – 3:50
 "Overjoyed" (Detour City Redux) – 4:14
 "Overjoyed" (music video) – 3:43

Charts

Release history

References

2011 songs
2012 singles
Bastille (band) songs
Virgin Records singles
Songs written by Dan Smith (singer)


title: Bosch (TV series)

text:
Bosch is an American police procedural streaming television series produced by Amazon Studios and Fabrik Entertainment starring Titus Welliver as Los Angeles Police Department detective Harry Bosch. The show was developed for Amazon by Eric Overmyer, and the first season takes its inspiration from the Michael Connelly novels City of Bones (2002), Echo Park (2006), and The Concrete Blonde (1994). It was one of two drama pilots that Amazon streamed online in early 2014 (together with The After), and viewers offered their opinions on it before the studio decided whether to place a series order. The seventh and final season was released on June 25, 2021. A spin-off series titled Bosch: Legacy premiered on May 6, 2022, on Amazon Freevee and has been renewed for a second and third season.

Plot

Season 1

In the pilot, a dog finds a human bone, which turns out to belong to the skeleton of a small boy who was horribly abused and beaten, then buried in the woods. The second episode introduces Raynard Waits, a serial killer who confesses to the murder in the bones case and has a strange fascination with Bosch, who disbelieves the confession. After Waits escapes custody he begins to taunt Bosch as the detective aims to both recapture Waits and solve the murder of the boy.

Season 2

Six months after the events in Season 1, Bosch returns from a suspension. He investigates the murder of a Hollywood producer who appears to have mob connections. His investigation of the producer sends him to Las Vegas, where he also finds out that all is not well with his teenage daughter and ex-wife. Bosch's investigation almost threatens the life of his family as he is also brought into another case that leads to a ring of dirty cops. New evidence appears on the death of his mother, which causes him to investigate the circumstances leading to her murder.

Season 3

Sixteen months later. Bosch is haunted with new leads to pursue on his mother's murder case. The season opens with a graffiti-tagging street urchin being in the vicinity where a homeless veteran, Billy Meadows, is murdered. Bosch also finds himself a suspect in the murder of Ed Gunn (a person who fits the MO of his mother's killer), doggedly pursued by veteran Detective Jimmy Robertson. Concurrently, Bosch is monitoring an ongoing criminal trial involving a powerful Hollywood movie mogul who is under house arrest. Under the director's employ is a former 20+ year police detective who proves to be a meddlesome and worthy adversary against Bosch and LAPD. Also, Bosch's personal life takes on new challenges with his daughter, Maddie, living in LA with him, along with a budding romantic relationship with the deputy DA. Adding to the complexity is the introduction of a serial murderer known as the Koreatown Killer (KTK).

Season 4

Three months later. Civil rights attorney Howard Elias is representing a black man who is accusing LAPD of police brutality, but Elias is murdered. Elias had a history of representing citizens who sue the LAPD, and the case produces racial strife in LA and elevated tension between the LAPD and citizens. Police Chief Irving assigns Bosch to head the task force to get to the bottom of the Elias murder and assigns a pair of IA investigators to watch Bosch's team, which includes Edgar, Robertson, and Robertson's detective trainee. Bosch's ex-wife is pursuing a gang of Chinese nationals, one of whom is under an FBI investigation. The investigation leads to her being murdered in a drive-by shooting seconds after lunch with Harry. Bosch gains a vital clue into his mother's murder after the long-retired detective of his mother's case is killed.

Season 5

Fifteen months later. A murder conviction is brought into question from an old case Bosch worked, possibly affecting other past convictions and endangering his career. An embittered former girlfriend accuses Bosch of planting evidence and believes a claim of new DNA evidence purporting to tie another criminal to the crime. Bosch hires former foe Honey ("Money") Chandler to defend him against charges of planting evidence. Bosch and Jerry are investigating the murder of a pharmacist who has, through his son, been involved in dispensing opiates. During their investigation they determine there is a significant opiate dealing network, possibly controlled by Russian and Armenian gangsters. Bosch goes undercover to learn more about their organization.

Maddie Bosch works as an intern in the LA DA's office. A young attorney mentions a case against her father. Maddie observes bad intent from the CIU investigator, Bosch's former girlfriend, and relays her suspicions to her dad.

Chief Irving is frustrated by Bosch's lack of communication about the murder, the old case with newly discovered evidence and his undercover work. Lt. Billets covers nicely for Bosch, risking her own position. Irving is approached by Mayor Vargas's political consultant with the news that he could be a serious contender in the next mayoral election.

Season 6

Eleven months later. After a medical physicist is executed and the deadly radioactive material he had with him goes missing, Detective Harry Bosch finds himself at the center of a complex murder case, a messy federal investigation, and a possibly catastrophic threat to Los Angeles—the city he has pledged to serve and protect.

Season 7

Four months later, New Year's Eve 12/31/19. When a ten-year-old girl dies in an arson fire, Detective Harry Bosch risks everything to bring her killer to justice despite opposition from powerful forces. Detective Jerry Edgar falls apart as he grapples with the consequences of shooting Jacques Avril. Maddie assists Honey Chandler on a high-profile case that draws Bosch in and puts them in the crosshairs of dangerous criminals.

Production
Amazon Studios announced on October 31, 2013, that Bosch had been given the green light for production. The hour-long pilot stars Titus Welliver as Harry Bosch, and co-stars Annie Wersching, Amy Aquino, and Jamie Hector. Henrik Bastin of Fabrik Entertainment was the producer, and Jim McKay directed.

According to Connelly, "a fair [number] of changes" were made "to the world of Harry Bosch" "in making the shift from page to screen." In the television series set in 2013, Harry "is 47 years old and a veteran of the first Gulf War in 1991," when he was a member of a Special Forces team clearing tunnels. In the books, Harry was born in 1950, and his tunnel-rat expertise was gained in the Vietnam War. Television Bosch "has now been a police officer for twenty years, with a one-year exception when he re-upped with the Army after 9/11, as many LAPD officers did. He came back to the force after serving in Afghanistan and again encountering tunnel warfare." Book Bosch too was an experienced police detective, but his break from the force came from an Internal Affairs investigation. The show prominently features Bosch' 14-year old daughter named "Maddie" (Madeline).

On November 4, 2013, the 13-day shoot began in Los Angeles, while Connelly kept a daily set journal.

The pilot premiered on Amazon Prime in February 2014, to allow customers to vote to decide whether or not more episodes should be made. In March 2014, Amazon announced that they had commissioned Bosch for a full series.

All ten episodes of the first season of Bosch were released for viewing on Amazon Video on February 13, 2015. Portions of the first episode were changed from the pilot. This included reverting the name of the civil rights attorney character from the pilot (where Amy Price-Francis played Sunny Chandler) back to the book name Honey Chandler and recasting the role to Mimi Rogers, and the addition of a scene in which Bosch testifies in court and is questioned about his background by Chandler.

On March 18, 2015, Bosch was renewed for a second season. On July 16, the series was nominated for the Outstanding Main Title Design award at the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, along with Manhattan, American Horror Story: Freak Show, Daredevil, Halt and Catch Fire, and Olive Kitteridge; the award was won by Manhattan.

On April 1, 2016, Bosch was renewed for a third season. On October 16, 2016, Bosch was renewed for a fourth season. On February 13, 2018, Bosch was renewed for a fifth season. On November 14, 2018, Bosch was renewed for a sixth season.

On February 13, 2020, the series was renewed for a seventh and final season. The filming for the final season began in September 2020, before wrapping up in January 2021.

Cast

Main cast
 Titus Welliver as Los Angeles Police Department Detective III Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch, a former Army Special Forces operator and a veteran of the First Gulf War and Afghanistan who works in the Hollywood homicide division. He is an astute detective with a fundamental respect for rules and policy, though still something of a renegade. Welliver's son Quinn plays adolescent Harry in flashbacks.
 Jamie Hector as Detective II Jerome "Jerry" Edgar, Bosch's partner
 Amy Aquino as Lieutenant II Grace Billets, Bosch's immediate superior and friend
 Lance Reddick as Chief of Police Irvin Irving
 Annie Wersching (season 1; guest seasons 2 & 7) as Police Officer I Julia Brasher, a rookie cop assigned to the Hollywood Division. She becomes romantically involved with Bosch but comes into conflict with him when he realizes that she makes up the rules as she goes along
 Jason Gedrick (season 1) as Raynard Waits, a serial killer and the suspect in the death of a boy whose bones are found in Laurel Canyon
 Sarah Clarke (seasons 1–2 & 4; guest season 3) as Eleanor Wish, Harry's ex-wife with whom he still has a cordial relationship.  She is a former FBI Agent turned professional poker player.
 Madison Lintz (recurring season 1; main seasons 2–7) as Madeline "Maddie" Bosch, Harry's daughter
 Jeri Ryan (season 2; featured season 3; guest season 5) as Veronica Allen, a manipulative former porn star married to an Armenian porn producer who is murdered
 Brent Sexton (season 2) as Carl Nash, a former LAPD homicide detective who oversees a team of corrupt police officers while working as a security guard at a gated community
 Mimi Rogers (recurring seasons 1–6; main season 7) as Honey "Money" Chandler, a civil rights attorney
 Paul Calderón (recurring seasons 3–5; main season 7) as Detective II Santiago "Jimmy" Robertson, a seasoned detective investigating the murder of a vet who has a history with Harry

Recurring cast
 Steven Culp as Richard (Rick) O'Shea, the politically ambitious district attorney of Los Angeles County (seasons 1–4)
 Gregory Scott Cummins as Detective II Robert Moore ("Crate"), Barrel's longtime friend and partner
 Troy Evans as Detective II Johnson ("Barrel"), a senior homicide detective at Hollywood Division
 Scott Klace as Sergeant II John "Mank" Mankiewicz, assistant watch commander at Hollywood Division
 DaJuan Johnson as Police Officer III, later Detective I Rondell Pierce
 Jacqueline Obradors as Detective Christina Vega (seasons 5–7)
 Deji LaRay as Police Officer III, later Sergeant I Julius Edgewood
 Eric Ladin as Scott Anderson, a reporter for the Los Angeles Times (seasons 3, 5–7)
 Bess Armstrong as Judge Donna Sobel (seasons 5–7)
 Mark Herrier as Captain III Dennis Cooper (seasons 5–7)
 Jason Sims-Prewitt as Police Officer Victor Rhodes
 Joni Bovill as Ida, assistant to Chief of Police Irvin Irving

Season 1
 Katharine Leonard as Marjorie Lowe, shown in flashbacks as Harry's deceased mother.  She was a prostitute found murdered in an alley
 Abraham Benrubi as Rodney Belk, a lawyer who represented Bosch at his trial (seasons 1, 7)
 Veronica Cartwright as Irene Saxon, Raynard Waits' mother
 Mark Derwin as Captain Harvey Pounds (seasons 1, 7)
 Shawn Hatosy as Johnny Stokes
 Robbie Jones as Officer George Irving, Deputy Chief Irving's son, a rookie cop later assigned to undercover narcotics (seasons 1–2)
 Adam O'Byrne as Nate Tyler, an aggressive Los Angeles Times reporter
 Paul Vincent O'Connor as Judge Alan M. Keyes, a judge who presided at Bosch's trial.
 Rose Rollins as Detective Kizmin Rider
 Alan Rosenberg as Dr. William Golliher (seasons 1, 7), a forensic anthropologist who assisted Bosch with the identification of the bones
 Scott Wilson as Dr. Paul Guyot, a retired doctor whose dog found bones of a missing boy
 Michelle Hurd (season 1) and Erika Alexander (seasons 2–3) as Connie Irving, Deputy Chief Irving's wife and Officer George Irving's mother, who later divorces Irving believing that he caused their son's death by allowing him to go undercover
 Kirk Bovill as Harry's foster father in flashbacks during his childhood

Season 2
 Yancey Arias as Los Angeles Mayor Hector Ramos (seasons 2–4, 6)
 Ingrid Rogers as Latonya Edgar, Jerry's ex-wife (seasons 2-)
 Hoon Lee as Reggie Woo, Eleanor's husband and Maddie's step-father who is currently in Hong Kong (seasons 2, 4)
 John Marshall Jones as FBI Special Agent Jay Griffin (seasons 2–4)
 Ryan Ahern as Officer Ray Powers (seasons 2-)
 Matthew Lillard as Luke "Lucky" Rykov, an FBI agent with whom Harry works on two cases (seasons 2–3, 7)
 David Marciano as Detective Brad Conniff, investigates the death of Officer Irving. (seasons 2–3, 5–6)
 Leisha Hailey as Officer Maureen (Mo) O'Grady, a cop in Nash's ring
 James Ransone as Officer Eddie Arceneaux, Irving's partner and a cop in Nash's ring
 Emilia Zoryan as Layla, the stagename of a dancer at Dolly's in Las Vegas, Nevada, and mysterious girlfriend to an Armenian porn producer who is murdered.
 Christopher Cousins as Martin Weiss, an attorney to one of the Armenian mobsters involved in the case
 Michael Yebba as Mike, an enforcer for the Armenian mob in Las Vegas

Season 3
 Winter Ave Zoli as Detective Amy Snyder, Internal Affairs (seasons 3–4)
 Barry Shabaka Henley as Detective Terry Drake (seasons 3–4)
 John Getz as Bradley Walker, president of the Police Commission (seasons 3–4)
 Linda Park as Jun Park, the crisis response team volunteer who starts a relationship with Chief Irving after his wife leaves him. (seasons 3-)
 Verona Blue as Shaz, bartender at The Smog Cutter (seasons 3–5)
 Monti Sharp as Clifton Campbell, perpetrator of the Koreatown Killer (KTK) murders (season 3–4)
 John Ales as Andrew Holland, a movie writer/director accused of murder
 Max Arciniega as Xavi Moreno, a sniper who is part of Dobbs' team
 Christopher Backus as Woody Woodrow, part of Dobbs' team
 Beth Broderick as Judge Sharon Houghton
 Frank Clem as Ed Gunn
 Spencer Garrett as Fowkkes, Andrew Holland's high-powered attorney (seasons 3, 7)
 Jeffrey Pierce as Trevor Dobbs, leader of a team of former military men transiting illicit cargo through the Port of Los Angeles
 Brooke Smith as Captain Ellen Lewis, Hollywood Station
 Paola Turbay as Deputy District Attorney Anita Benitez, who is trying the Holland case, and has a brief relationship with Harry
 Jared Ward as Jesse Tafero, Rudy's younger brother and helper
 Arnold Vosloo as Rudy Tafero, an investigator working for the defense on the Holland case
 Bridger Zadina as Sharkey, a young street boy who is key to one of Harry's cases

Season 4
 Clark Johnson as Howard Elias, civil rights attorney who was murdered aboard the Angels Flight two days before the "Black Guardian" case
 Tamberla Perry as Detective Gabriella Lincoln
 Anne Dudek as Pamela Duncan, legal advisor and lover of Howard Elias
 Jamie McShane as Detective Francis Sheehan, a detective with Robbery-Homicide Division
 Louis Ozawa Changchien as FBI Special Agent Chuck Deng
 Anna Diop as Desiree , a young activist who has a disdain for the police
 Sara Arrington as Margaret Sheehan, estranged wife of Francis Sheehan
 Deidrie Henry as Millie Elias, wife of Howard Elias
 David Hoflin as Detective Doug Rooker
 Keston John as Michael Harris, suspect in the abduction and murder of Stacey Kincaid. After being found not guilty of the murder, he retained Howard Elias to sue the city of Los Angeles for police brutality from his interrogation by the LAPD.
 Kristen Ariza as Laura Cooke, reporter (seasons 4, 6)
 Leonard Wu as Shiwei Chen
 Jason Rogel as Det. Jeremy Fix

Season 5
 Ryan Hurst as Hector Bonner, a former client of attorney Honey Chandler, currently working as her investigator.
 Mason Dye as Tom Galligan
 Judith Moreland as DA Cheryl Hines (seasons 5, 7)
 M. C. Gainey as Ryan Rodgers (seasons 5–6)
 Bianca Kajlich as DA Investigator Christina Henry
 Chris Browning as Preston Borders
 Juliet Landau as Rita Tedesco
 Jon Lindstrom as Lance Cronyn
 Avery Clyde as Kathy Zelden
 Doug Simpson as Terry Spencer
 Chris Vance as Dalton Walsh
 Jamie Anne Allman as Elizabeth Clayton (seasons 5–6)
 C. Thomas Howell as Louis Degner
 Yani Gellman as Jose Esquivel Jr.
 Kevin Sifuentes as Jose Esquivel Sr.
 Rene Moran as Oscar Pineto
 Celestino Cornielle as Charlie Hovan (seasons 5–6)
 Kwame Patterson as Gary Wise
 Sam Meader as Sean Terrion (seasons 5–6)
 Mark Adair-Rios as DDA Kennedy (seasons 5–6)
 Richard Brooks as Dwight Wise (seasons 5–6)
 Treva Etienne as Jacques Avril (seasons 5–6)
 Wilmer Calderon as Detective Daniel Arias (seasons 5–6)
 Al Vicente as Detective Ray Marcos (seasons 5–6)

Season 6
 Kovar McClure as Dr. Stanley Kent
 Lynn Collins as Alicia Kent
 Julie Ann Emery as FBI Agent Sylvia Reece (seasons 6–7)
 Adam J. Harrington as FBI SAC Jack Brenner (seasons 6–7)
 Carter MacIntyre as FBI Agent Clifford Maxwell
 Abby Brammell as Heather Strout
 Kevin Will as Waylon Strout
 Chris Payne Gilbert as Travis Strout
 Leith M. Burke as Charlie Dax
 Mary-Bonner Baker as DDA Hannah Blair
 Benjamin Burt as Ben Craver
 Jon Fletcher as Alex Sands
 Tzi Ma as Brent Charles
 Ashton Holmes as Roger Dillon
 Jonny Rios as Antonio Valens
 D. W. Moffett as Jack Killoran
 Mitchell Fink as Ray Thacker
 Bambadjan Bamba as Remi Toussaint
 Brian D. Mason as Winston
 Terrence Terrell as Marvel

Episodes

Home media
In Australia (Region 4), the first four seasons have been released on DVD and distributed by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia Pty Limited.

Reception

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 83% based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critics' consensus reads: "An uneven boilerplate police drama is sharpened by gritty atmosphere, solid acting, and some rousing, suspenseful turns." On Metacritic, the season has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Cory Barker of TV.com wrote that the series is "rock-solid and generally enjoyable without ever making much of an attempt to push boundaries," and praised Amazon Studios for "producing a show based on a book that somehow reproduces the experience of reading." Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times wrote that the series is part of a long "list of brooding, taciturn small-screen police detectives," yet Bosch "proves gripping" due to good "plotting and pacing".
Noel Murray of The A.V. Club remarked that "the best thing about Bosch is how well it captures Connelly's Los Angeles," while noting that "the series' biggest stumbling block is that it's stubbornly slow-paced". Brian Lowry of Variety wrote that "the series has the texture and tone of an old-fashioned detective yarn," but "the transition from page to screen… proves too talky in places and clunky in others". Hank Stuever of The Washington Post called Welliver's performance "nicely built out of smirks and smolders". Brian Moylan of The Guardian praised the "film noir" feeling of the show and considered it a step above NCIS, but he did not like the similarities to many other police shows, calling the series "samey".

On Rotten Tomatoes, season two has an approval rating of 100% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 7.67/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Bosch hones its pulpy strengths in a superlative sophomore season, executing its procedural formula with a no-nonsense panache that befits its title character." On Metacritic, the season has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Season three has an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The critical consensus reads: "Boschs third season maintains the series' mastery over mystery, deftly interweaving story strands as sprawling as a Los Angeles intersection." Season four also holds an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The critics' consensus reads: "Bosch continues its steady thrills in a fourth season that successfully navigates topical controversies." Seasons five, six and seven hold approval ratings of 100% (based on 6, 11 and 8 reviews respectively).

Accolades

Spin-off/revival

A spin-off/revival with Titus Welliver reprising his role as Harry Bosch was ordered by Amazon's advertising-supported streaming service Amazon Freevee in March 2021. Madison Lintz returns as Harry's daughter, Maddie, and Bosch recurring character defense attorney Honey "Money" Chandler, played by Mimi Rogers, is also a main character. Bosch, now retired from the LAPD, works as an investigator for Chandler, while Maddie joins the LAPD. The series is produced by Welliver, Erik Overmyer, Henrik Bastin, Pieter Jan Brugge and writer Michael Connelly, all of whom produced Bosch. The series began filming in June 2021 in Los Angeles.

In November 2021, the series's title, Bosch: Legacy was announced. In March 2022, it was announced that the series would premiere on May 6, 2022. In May 2022, the series was renewed for a second season, and in May 2023, it was renewed for a third season.

References

External links

2010s American crime drama television series
2020s American crime drama television series
2014 American television series debuts
2021 American television series endings
Amazon Prime Video original programming
American detective television series
Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
Television series by Amazon Studios
Television shows based on American novels
Television shows filmed in Los Angeles
Television shows set in Los Angeles