title: Edmund Harburger

text:
Edmund Harburger (4 April 1846, Eichstätt – 5 November 1906, Munich) was a German painter and draftsman.

Life
His father, Franz Xaver, was a merchant in Mainz, and his mother Elisabeth was the daughter of a flagstone dealer. As a result of this connection, Edmund was apprenticed as a mason; a profession he practiced until 1865. His employer's brother was the animal painter, Johann Erdmann Gottlieb Prestel (1804-1885), who inspired him to become an artist. He began by dabbling in small murals at the local casinos. After six years of apprenticeship, he attended the Polytechnic School in Munich (precursor of the University of Technology) to study the building trades but, in 1866, he decided to follow his true passion and switched to the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, where he studied under Karl Raupp and Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger.

In addition to painting, he was also interested in illustrating and caricatures. In 1872 some of his first wood engravings appeared in a book by Friedrich Lennig, a dialect poet from Mainz. Later, he created political cartoons for Die Gartenlaube and, by the time of his death, had contributed over 1,500 humorous drawings to the Fliegende Blätter. Harburger was particularly attracted to the works of the 17th-century Dutch painters, such as  David Teniers the Younger and Adriaen van Ostade). From 1876 to 1878, he lived in Venice, where he copied the masters.

In 1882, the firm of Braun & Schneider printed a large-format album, containing 60 of his works. Exhibitions were given at the Glaspalast, the Paris Salon (1882/84), the Academy of Arts, Berlin, and the Great Berlin Art Exhibition of 1905. He designed and built his own house in the Nymphenburger Straße.

Many of the major museums in Central and Northern Europe have displays of his drawings and engravings, including the Neue Pinakothek, the Landesmuseum Mainz, the Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt and museums in Gdansk, Gothenburg, Leipzig, Münster, Prague and Zürich.

Sources
Edwart Mager: Edmund Harburger - ein aus Eichstätt stammender Künstler, in: Historische Blätter für Stadt und Landkreis Eichstätt, 28 (1979), Nr. 5
Heimstätten münchener Künstler. (the houses of Matthias Schmidt, Edmund Harburger, Franz von Lenbach, Hans Theyer and Franz von Defregger), Holzstich nach Franz, 1890, 33x23 cm
Dorothea Stern: Harburger, Edmund. In: Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künste von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Researched by Ulrich Thieme und Felix Becker. Ed. by Hans Vollmer. Vol. 16, Leipzig (1923), S. 19f.
Article in Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (DBE), Vol. 4, Munich 1996,
 Adolf Wild: Karikaturen, die das Leben schrieb: Edmund Harburger, ein Mainzer Zeichner bei den Münchner "Fliegenden Blättern". In: Mainz. Vierteljahreshefte für Kultur, Politik, Wirtschaft, Geschichte. 21 (2001), 4, , ill.

External links

 More works by Harburger @ ArtNet
 Edmund Harburger in HeidICON Illustrations from the Fliegenden Blätter

1846 births
1906 deaths
German illustrators
German caricaturists
Technical University of Munich alumni
People from Eichstätt


title: Jub Khaleh

text:
Jub Khaleh or Jubkhaleh (), also known as Chuy Qaleh or Jukheleh or Juy Khaleh, may refer to:
 Jub Khaleh-ye Olya
 Jub Khaleh-ye Sofla


title: Alexandre Mohbat

text:
Alexandre Mohbat (born 16 May 1995 in Beirut) is an alpine skier from Lebanon. He competed for Lebanon at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom.

He competed at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics in Innsbruck where his best result was 28th position in the boys' slalom race. Mohbat has also skied collegiately at Saint Michael's College in Colchester, Vermont.

See also
Lebanon at the 2014 Winter Olympics

References

1995 births
Living people
Lebanese male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Lebanon
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Beirut
Alpine skiers at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics


title: The Great Mr. Handel

text:
The Great Mr. Handel is a 1942 British Technicolor historical film directed by Norman Walker and starring Wilfrid Lawson, Elizabeth Allan and Malcolm Keen. The film is a biopic of the 18th-century German-British composer Georg Friedrich Händel, focusing in particular on the years leading up to his 1741 oratorio Messiah.

Production and release
The film was made by the Rank Organisation at Denham Studios, using Technicolor. After a private screening, the company head J. Arthur Rank criticised its lack of glamorous appeal. The film was not a box office success on its release.

Main cast
 Wilfrid Lawson as George Frideric Handel
 Elizabeth Allan as Mrs. Cibber
 Malcolm Keen as Lord Chesterfield
 Michael Shepley as Sir Charles Marsham
 Max Kirby as Frederick, Prince of Wales
 Hay Petrie as Phineas
 Morris Harvey as John Heidegger
 A. E. Matthews as Charles Jennens
 Frederick Cooper as Pooley
 Andrew Leigh as Captain Coram

References

Bibliography
 Harper, Sue. Picturing the Past: The Rise and Fall of the British Costume Film. British Film Institute, 1994.
 Macnab, Geoffrey. J. Arthur Rank and the British Film Industry. Routledge, 1994.
 Murphy, Robert. Realism and Tinsel: Cinema and Society in Britain, 1939-1949. Routledge, 1989.

External links

1942 films
British biographical films
British historical musical films
1940s biographical films
1940s historical musical films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by Norman Walker
Films set in Dublin (city)
Films set in London
Films set in the 1740s
Films about composers
George Frideric Handel in fiction
Cultural depictions of George Frideric Handel
Films shot at Denham Film Studios
1940s British films


title: Nic Roeser

text:
Nicolas "Nic" Roeser (8 November 1896 – 27 July 1997) was a Luxembourgian gymnast who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics where, representing Société de Gymnastique Grund, his best individual finish was joint-32nd (with Ladislav Tikal of Czechoslovakia) in the men's horse vault. He was ranked, alongside his team, 9th among 11 nations in the team all-around. He was born in Pettingen.

References

1896 births
1997 deaths
People from Mersch
Luxembourgian centenarians
Olympic gymnasts for Luxembourg
Gymnasts at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Luxembourgian male artistic gymnasts
Men centenarians
20th-century Luxembourgian people


title: Udara Rathnayake

text:
Udara Rathnayake is an actor in Sri Lankan cinema and television as well as a businessman and politician by profession. He is most notable for the roles in films Ira Handa Yata and Nela directed by his father.

Personal life
He was born on 21 June 1986 as the second of the family. His father Bennett Rathnayake is a veteran film director who has produced several critically acclaimed award-winning films. His mother Samanmalee Hawapanna is a film producer. Udara has one elder sister, Erandathi; and one younger sister, Bhagya, both are actresses.

He also served as the Vice President of the Young Professionals Forum. Before entering cinema, he was engaged in business activities related to export sector. Udara is married to Dinali, the daughter of Priyantha Kariyapperuma, the former Director General of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission. The wedding was celebrated on 30 November 2015. The couple has one son, Dishen.

Educated at D. S. Senanayake College and then Stafford International School, Rathnayake did his Undergraduate in the UK at the University of Essex in Business Management. Upon completing his degree he returned to Sri Lanka he completed a master's degree in Development and Politics at the University of Colombo.

Acting career

Udara started his career as an actor, with many lead roles in Sinhala Teledramas, Udara also acted in movies, with the lead role in the movie Ira Handa Yata. It is for this role that he was nominated for the best performance at Singapore Film Festival.

Political career
He is a graduate of University of Essex and University of Colombo. He won a seat on the Western Provincial Council after running for election in the Western Province Council Elections in 2014 under the United National Party.

He is a founding member of Sri Lanka United and currently serving as the Vice President of the United National Party-affiliated Young Professionals Association.  He ran for the 2014 Western Provincial Council elections under the United National Party.
On 29 March 2014 Udara Rathnayake was elected into the Western Provincial Council of Sri Lanka.

Filmography

References

External links
 Udara Rathnayake Wedding day

Living people
United National Party politicians
Alumni of the University of Essex
Sinhalese businesspeople
Members of the Western Provincial Council
Provincial councillors of Sri Lanka
20th-century Sri Lankan actors
21st-century Sri Lankan male actors
1986 births


title: Battleground (2014)

text:
The 2014 Battleground was the second annual Battleground professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It took place on July 20, 2014, at the Tampa Bay Times Forum in Tampa, Florida, and was the first Battleground event to livestream on the WWE Network, which launched in February. It was the last WWE pay-per-view event to incorporate the WWE scratch logo, as the following month, WWE rebranded and began using the logo that was originally used for the WWE Network.

Nine matches were contested at the event, including two on the Kickoff pre-show. The main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton, Kane, and Roman Reigns in a fatal four-way match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. The event received 99,000 buys (excluding WWE Network views), slightly down on the previous year's 114,000 buys.

Production

Background

On October 6, 2013, WWE held a new pay-per-view (PPV) event titled Battleground that replaced Over the Limit. The event was originally intended to be an annual October PPV for the promotion. The following year, a second Battleground was announced, but it was moved up to July. It was scheduled to be held on July 20, 2014, at the Tampa Bay Times Forum in Tampa, Florida. This second event in turn established Battleground as WWE's annual July PPV. In addition to PPV, this was the first Battleground to livestream on the WWE Network, which launched earlier in February.

Storylines
The event comprised nine matches, including two on the Kickoff pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, Raw and SmackDown.

At Money in the Bank, John Cena won a ladder match for the vacant WWE World Heavyweight Championship to become a 15-time WWE World Heavyweight Champion. The next night on Raw, Triple H scheduled Cena to defend the title at Battleground in a fatal four-way match against Roman Reigns, Kane, and Randy Orton.

On the June 30 episode of Raw, AJ Lee returned to WWE (her last appearance was the Raw after WrestleMania XXX) and defeated Paige for the Divas Championship for a second time. On the July 11 episode of Smackdown, AJ was scheduled to defend the title against Paige at the event.

On the June 30 episode of Raw, it was revealed that WWE Intercontinental Champion Bad News Barrett suffered an injury on the June 27 episode of SmackDown when he was thrown into the barricade by Jack Swagger. Due to this, he was stripped of the championship. Michael Cole also announced that there would be a Battleground Battle Royal at Battleground for the vacant WWE Intercontinental Championship. On the same episode, Cesaro, The Great Khali, Kofi Kingston, and Damien Sandow were added to the battle royal. On the July 1 episode of Main Event,  Dolph Ziggler, Rob Van Dam, Ryback, Curtis Axel, and Big E were added to the match. On the July 4 episode of SmackDown, Alberto Del Rio and Bo Dallas were added to the match. On the July 7 episode of Raw, Fandango and Sheamus were added to the match. On the July 14 episode of Raw, Sin Cara, The Miz, Titus O'Neil, Xavier Woods, Zack Ryder, Heath Slater, R-Truth, Adam Rose, and Diego were added to the match. At Battleground, it was announced that Bad News Barrett was to award the Intercontinental Championship to the winner of the battle royal. On July 16, Sandow and Rose were pulled from the battle royal. On July 20, Sandow was reinstated into the battle royal and Fandango was pulled from the battle royal. Van Dam did not appear in the battle royal due to an injury.

On the June 30 episode of Raw, Chris Jericho returned to WWE only for The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt, Luke Harper, and Erick Rowan), thus setting up a match between Wyatt and Jericho at the event.

Following Money in the Bank, WWE Tag Team Champions The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) continued their feud with Wyatt Family members Luke Harper and Erick Rowan. On the June 30 episode of Raw, The Wyatt Family (Harper, Rowan, and Bray Wyatt) defeated The Usos and Sheamus. On the July 7 episode of Raw, Harper and Rowan defeated The Usos. On the July 11 episode of SmackDown, The Usos were scheduled to defend the titles against The Wyatt Family in a two out of three falls match at the event.

On the June 2 episode of Raw, Seth Rollins turned on The Shield by attacking both Dean Ambrose and Roman Reigns, siding with The Authority in the process. In the ensuing weeks, Rollins and Ambrose attacked each other, and each interfered in the others matches. The feud intensified when Kane assisted Rollins in winning the Money in the Bank ladder match at the Money in the Bank pay-per-view on June 29. On July 12, it was announced that Rollins and Ambrose were scheduled to face each other at Battleground.

On the June 30 episode of Raw, Jack Swagger and Zeb Colter confronted Rusev and Lana about their anti-American views. Swagger and Colter issued a challenge to Rusev, which was accepted on the July 14 episode of Raw.

Also confirmed for the event was Cameron squaring off against Naomi, which took place on the Kickoff pre-show. After they lost to AJ Lee and Paige on the July 7 episode of Raw, Cameron and Naomi attacked each other, effectively breaking up The Funkadactyls and setting up a match for the event.

On July 20, a match between Adam Rose and Fandango was scheduled for the Kickoff pre-show.

Event

Pre-show
During the Battleground Kickoff pre-show, Adam Rose took on Fandango. Rose performed a Party Foul on Fandango to win the match.

In the second pre-show match, Cameron took on Naomi. In the end, Cameron rolled up Naomi to win the match.

Preliminary matches
The actual pay-per-view opened with The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) defending the WWE Tag Team Championship against Luke Harper and Erick Rowan of The Wyatt Family in a two out of three falls match. Harper and Rowan won the first fall after Harper executed a Big Boot on Jey. The Usos won the second fall after Jey pinned Harper with a roll-up. The Usos won the third fall after performing a double Samoan Splash on Harper, meaning The Usos retained the titles.

Next, AJ Lee defended the WWE Divas Championship against Paige. In the climax, AJ applied the black widow, which Paige countered and then performed a Paige Turner on AJ for a two count. Paige attempted the PTO, but AJ and Paige traded covers. AJ performed a Shining Wizard on Paige to retain the title.

After that, Rusev faced Jack Swagger. The ending saw Swagger apply the Patriot Lock on Rusev outside the ring but Rusev escaped the hold by pulling Swagger into the ring post and Swagger was counted out. After the match, Rusev applied The Accolade on Swagger.

Next, Dean Ambrose was scheduled to face Seth Rollins, but Ambrose was ejected from the arena by Triple H for fighting with Rollins backstage. Rollins subsequently had himself declared the winner by forfeit. Later, as Rollins was leaving the arena, he was attacked by Ambrose but managed to escape.

In the fourth match, Bray Wyatt faced Chris Jericho. During the match, Luke Harper and Erick Rowan were ejected from ringside after attempting to attack Jericho. The match ended when Jericho performed a Codebreaker on Wyatt to win the match.

In the penultimate match, the battle royal for the vacated WWE Intercontinental Championship was contested. In the end, Dolph Ziggler performed a Superkick on Sheamus to eliminate him but The Miz, who had been hiding outside the ring, eliminated Ziggler to win the title.

Main event
In the main event, John Cena defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship against Randy Orton, Roman Reigns, and Kane in a fatal four-way match. During the match, Cena applied the STF on Orton but Reigns broke the hold. Reigns performed a Spear on Cena but Kane broke the pinfall. Reigns performed a Spear on Orton through the barricade. Reigns performed a Spear on Kane but Cena broke up the pinfall. Cena performed an Attitude Adjustment on Reigns but Kane broke up the pinfall. Kane performed a Chokeslam on Cena and a Chokeslam on Reigns for a near-fall. Reigns performed a Spear on Kane but received an RKO from Orton. Cena performed an Attitude Adjustment on Orton onto Kane and pinned Kane to retain the title.

Aftermath
The Jack Swagger vs. Rusev match, promoted as "United States vs. Russia", was marked in controversy after Lana made comments prior to the match blaming the United States for "recent current" world events and praising Russian president Vladimir Putin to help build heat for Rusev. Some in the media viewed the promo as a veiled reference to the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 three days earlier. In response to the backlash, a representative of WWE said that the segment "was in no way referring to the Malaysia Airlines tragedy", adding that the Rusev-Lana storyline "has been a part of WWE programming for more than three months. WWE apologizes to anyone who misunderstood last night's segment and was offended." In response to WWE's statement, Pro Wrestling Torch newsletter assistant editor James Caldwell viewed the comments as hollow, noting that reasonable viewers could conclude that Lana was referring to the plane crash. "WWE tacking on a fake apology with an insult to people's intelligence makes WWE sound even worse. All-around, it's a messy statement that conveys a lack of understanding, sensitivity, and maturity from WWE to be a decent corporate citizen", wrote Caldwell. Swagger did not appear on Raw the next night, but he had a rematch with Rusev on Main Event, which Swagger won by disqualification.

On the July 21 episode of Raw, Triple H named Brock Lesnar the number one contender for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship held by John Cena, and scheduled a title match between them at SummerSlam.

The 2014 Battleground would also be WWE's final PPV to incorporate the WWE scratch logo, as the following month, WWE rebranded and began using the logo that was originally used for the WWE Network.

Results

References

External links
Battleground Website

2014
2014 in professional wrestling in Florida
Professional wrestling shows in the Tampa Bay area
2014 WWE Network events
2014 WWE pay-per-view events
July 2014 events in the United States

de:WWE#Pay-per-Views


title: Thomasville Heights

text:
Thomasville Heights is a neighborhood in southeast Atlanta, Georgia.

References

Neighborhoods in Atlanta


title: Wrestling at the 1962 Asian Games – Men's freestyle 57 kg

text:
The men's freestyle 57 kilograms (bantamweight) freestyle wrestling competition at the 1962 Asian Games in Jakarta was held from 28 to 30 August 1962.

The competition used a form of negative points tournament, with negative points given for any result short of a fall. Accumulation of 6 negative points eliminated the wrestler. When three or fewer wrestlers remained, they advanced to a final round, with only preliminary results amongst them carried forward.

Schedule
All times are Western Indonesian Time (UTC+07:30)

Results

1st round

2nd round

3rd round

4th round

5th round

Final standing

References

External links
UWW Database

Freestyle 57 kg


title: Denys Rolle (died 1638)

text:
Denys Rolle (1614–1638) of Bicton and Stevenstone in Devon was Sheriff of Devon in 1636. He was one of the biographer John Prince's Worthies of Devon.

Origins
Denys Rolle was the second but only surviving son of Sir Henry Rolle (died 1617) of Stevenstone by his wife Anne Denys, a daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Denys of Bicton and Holcombe Burnell by his wife Anne Paulet, daughter of William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester (1532–1598). His father pre-deceased his own father Sir Henry Rolle (1545–1625) of Stevenstone and thus Denys Rolle was heir to his grandfather. He was also heir to the large Denys estates of his mother, including Bicton.

Career
Rolle was according to most chroniclers a prodigy who died young at the age of 24 before his great potential was fulfilled. The Devon historian Tristram Risdon (died 1640) wrote of him:
John Prince (1643–1723) called him  Prince then relates an event in his life which illustrated his honourable disposition. Rolle loaned a large sum of money to Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643) in return for his written bond. Later when the two men were together in company, Rolle sent for the bond and threw it in the fire, stating that he had no need of a written bond and that

Marriage and issue

Rolle married Margaret Poulett, daughter of John Poulett, 1st Baron Poulett (1585–1649) of Hinton St George in Somerset (a distant cousin of Paulet, Marquess of Winchester) by his wife Elizabeth Kenn (died 1663). On 1 September 1637 an agreement of mutual maintenance was signed by Rolle and his father-in-law and Elizabeth, Countess of Essex (died 1656), (Elizabeth Poulet, daughter of Sir William Poulet of Edington, Wiltshire, past High Sheriff of Wiltshire and cousin of William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester), second wife of Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex (1591–1646), whom she had married in 1630 and separated from in 1631. She remained at Essex House in The Strand, London, whilst Robert "played soldiers" on his estates.) and Thomas Smyth, husband of Florence Poulett, sister-in-law of Rolle and mother of Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet, which committed all parties to share a household for a period of seven years, stating the sums of money to be committed by each party. Each year's residence was to be divided between Hinton St George (Poulett seat), Bicton (Rolle seat) and Ashton (Long Ashton, Somerset, seat of Thomas Smyth).

He had by his wife the following issue:
Dennis Rolle, died an infant
Florence Rolle, eldest daughter, baptised at St Giles in the Wood, the parish church of Stevenstone, on 27 February 1631. She married her cousin Sir John Rolle (1626–1706), of Marrais, who eventually inherited under tail-male the vast Rolle estates including Stevenstone and Bicton.
Margaret Rolle, 2nd daughter, married firstly Sir John Acland, 3rd Baronet (died 1655) of Columb John; secondly Henry Ayshford (1639–1662) of Ayshford in the parish of Burlescombe.
Anne Rolle, 3rd daughter, married William Cooke of Highnam in Gloucestershire
Elizabeth Rolle, 4th daughter, married William Strode, son of Sir George Stroud of Sussex, possibly descended from the ancient Devon family of Strode of Newnham, Plympton St Mary.
Frances Rolle (1635–1642), 5th daughter, died an infant aged 7

Death and succession
Rolle was buried at Bicton on 13 June 1638. His elaborate tomb monument with heraldic achievement is contained within the Rolle Mausoleum, the remnant of the former Parish Church of Bicton to the immediate east of which stands the new church of St Mary built in 1850. The Mausoleum is the private property of Lord Clinton and is not open to the public. The inscription on his monument was quoted by Swete and included a wish from his widow that their son should not die young.

His widow's wish as stated on the epitaph was not met and the couple's son Dennis died soon after his father, leaving only daughters who were excluded from the inheritance by entail. The manor of Bicton, together with all the other Rolle estates including Stevenstone then passed to Henry Rolle (1605–1647) of Beam, near Great Torrington, the elder son of John Rolle (1563–post 1628), MP, the uncle of Sir Henry Rolle (died 1617). He himself died without children and the Rolle estates, now increased by the addition of Beam, devolved following his death in 1647 upon his closest male cousin, 21-year-old Sir John Rolle (1626–1706), MP, of Marrais in the parish of St Mary Week, Cornwall. He was immediately thereupon married to his young cousin Florence Rolle of Bicton, one of the surviving daughters of Denys Rolle (died 1638). Thus his claim to the Inheritance of Rolle of Stevenstone and Bicton was strengthened and consolidated.

Sources
 Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, pp. 706–9, biography of Dennis Rolle
Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, pp. 652–656, pedigree of Rolle, p. 653

References

Denys
High Sheriffs of Devon


title: Four Men in Prison

text:
Four Men In Prison is a 1950 documentary film about English prison conditions directed by Max Anderson.
Filmed at Wakefield Prison, it was commissioned for the purpose of educating people involved in criminal justice.

The film was criticised for being inaccurate and sensational, and was quickly withdrawn.

Production
The film was made for educational purposes by the Central Office of Information to be shown privately to magistrates and others who were involved in administering criminal justice.
The Home Office initiated production of the film, which cost £16,000.
It was one of three produced under Donald Taylor at the Crown Film Unit and completed in 1950.
John Grierson was the producer and the film was directed by Max Anderson.

Synopsis

The film deals with penology.
It is semi-documentary.
It depicts the impact that living in prison has on four very different offenders.
One is serving a short sentence for a first-time offence, one is a youthful thief who is mentally sub-normal, one is being given training to prevent him from turning into a habitual criminal and the fourth is a hardened criminal who knows the ropes of prison existence.

Reception

The film was aired for the first time at a magistrate's conference.
The reaction was immediate and public, with the film condemned for inaccuracy and sensationalism.
The magistrates said the first offender and the mentally defective thief would not in fact have been sentenced in jail.
The film "disappeared under a ban of official disapproval."

Cast

William Mervyn
Arthur Mullard, Prison officer

References

Sources

External links

1950 films
1950 documentary films
Black-and-white documentary films
Documentary films about the penal system
British documentary films
English films
British docufiction films
Penal system in England
Films directed by Max Anderson
Films set in England
1950 in England
Yorkshire in fiction
Wakefield
British black-and-white films
1950s English-language films
1950s British films
English-language documentary films


title: Every Time I Close My Eyes (Vanessa Amorosi song)

text:
"Every Time I Close My Eyes" is the fifth and final single from Australian recording artist Vanessa Amorosi's debut album, The Power (2000). In Australia, it was released as a double A-side single with "The Power" in December 2000 and peaked at number eight on the ARIA Singles Chart. The following year, "Every Time I Close My Eyes" was released in Japan and Europe, reaching the top 40 in Austria and Germany.

Track listings
Australian CD single
 "The Power" (single version) – 3:26
 "Every Time I Close My Eyes" (single version) – 3:45
 "The Power" (album version) – 3:26
 "The Power" (Spiced Mix) – 3:26
 "Absolutely Everybody" (UK club video clip)

Japanese CD single
 "Every Time I Close My Eyes" (album version)
 "Every Time I Close My Eyes" (single version)
 "Absolutely Everybody" (Millennium version)

European CD single
 "Every Time I Close My Eyes" (single version)
 "Turn to Me"
 "By Your Side"
 "Every Time I Close My Eyes" (album version)

Charts

Weekly chart

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2000 songs
2001 singles
Songs written by Mark Holden
Songs written by Paul Wiltshire
Songs written by Vanessa Amorosi
Universal Records singles
Vanessa Amorosi songs


title: Euphorbia psammogeton

text:
Euphorbia psammogeton, commonly known as sand spurge, is a flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. The specific epithet derives from the Greek psammos (“sand”) and geiton (“neighbour”), alluding to the typical habitat.

Description
E. psammogeton is a smooth, mat-forming, perennial herb, often with a woody rootstock. It has articulated, prostrate stems, growing to 35 cm or more. Its oblong to broadly elliptic leaves are 1–3 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm wide, and asymmetric at the base. The tiny flower-heads are surrounded by white leaf-like bracts. Each flower-head consists of a female flower surrounded by up to five sets of tiny male flowers. The fruiting capsule is smooth and about 2 mm long.  It flowers in spring/summer and fruits in autumn/winter.

Distribution and habitat
The plant is endemic to Australia; it is found along the coast of New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland, as well as on subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. It occurs in sandy coastal habitats, such as coastal dunes, and on beaches above high tide level. It is listed as endangered in New South Wales.

Taxonomy
Euphorbia psammogeton was first described by Green (1993) as Euphorbia psammogeton. This was amended to Chamaesyce psammogeton by Forster and Henderson in 1995 and was returned to the genus Euphorbia by Halford in 2012, giving it the currently accepted name of Euphorbia psammogeton.

Conservation status
It is listed as endangered under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.

Notes

References

psammogeton
Flora of Lord Howe Island
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1993
Malpighiales of Australia


title: Matthew Ross (minister)

text:
Matthew Ross is a minister of the Church of Scotland, working (since 2018) for the World Council of Churches. He was General Secretary of Action of Churches Together in Scotland 2014-2018.

Between 1996 and 1998 he served as a probationer for the ministry at Duddingston Kirk in Edinburgh. In 1998 he was ordained a minister by the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of St Andrews. The Rev Matthew Ross served as minister at Ceres and Springfield Parish Church, Fife, between 1998 and 2003. He was also a member of the Church of Scotland's Board of Practice and Procedure (1999-2003); he was appointed acting Depute Clerk to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 2002-3.

In 2003 he moved to Brussels to work as Executive Secretary of the Church and Society Commission of the Conference of European Churches; additionally, in 2009, he served as Moderator of the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Europe. He then returned to parish ministry in Scotland, serving at the Parishes of Cockpen and Carrington linked with Lasswade and Rosewell in Midlothian (2009-2014). He was a member of the Church of Scotland's Church and Society Council and Committee on Ecumenical Relations.

In 2014 he was appointed to succeed Stephen Smyth as General Secretary of Action of Churches Together in Scotland (ACTS). In 2018 he left ACTS to work for the World Council of Churches (based in Geneva) as Programme Executive for Diakonia and Capacity Building.

External links
Action of Churches Together in Scotland

References

20th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
1967 births
Living people
21st-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Clergy from Dundee
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow


title: Catridecacog

text:
Catridecacog, sold under the brand name Tretten in the US and NovoThirteen in the EU) is a class of recombinant factor XIII A-subunit based biopharmaceutical medicine, indicated in patients with a rare clotting disorder, congenital factor XIII A-subunit deficiency, which is a kind of Factor XIII deficiency. The medication prevents bleeding in patients with this condition, and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this use in the US in 2014.  It was brought to market by Novo Nordisk.

References

External links

Antihemorrhagics
Biopharmaceuticals
Orphan drugs


title: Pajić

text:
Pajić (Serbian, Croatian) or Pajič (Slovene) is a surname, a patronymic of Pajo or Paja. Notable people with the surname include:

Dejan Pajić (born 1989), Serbian sprint canoer
Ksenija Pajić (born 1961), Croatian actress
Marko Pajić (born 1992), Slovenian basketball player
Murajica Pajič (born 1961), Slovenian ice hockey player
Nancy Wilson-Pajic (born 1941) American visual artist
Predrag Pajić (born 1993), Macedonian basketball player
Rok Pajič (born 1985), Slovenian ice hockey player
Sladjan Pajić (born 1992), Austrian-Serbian footballer
Slobodan Pajic (born 1943), visual artist


title: Koruni, Shiraz

text:
Koruni (, also Romanized as Korūnī) is a village in Qarah Bagh Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,037, in 525 families.

See also
 Kuruni (tribe)
 Korouni dialect

References

Populated places in Shiraz County


title: D.T. Fleming Beach

text:
Fleming Beach is a public beach in the northwest region of Maui, Hawaii maintained and staffed by Maui County at D.T. Fleming Park.  Fleming Beach was named America's Best Beach in 2003 and is a popular surfing and bodyboarding site.

Overview

Fleming Beach is located in Kapalua just west of Slaughterhouse Beach and Mokule'ia Bay.  The beach is named after D.T. Fleming, the man who introduced pineapple to West Maui.  Fleming Beach is staffed with lifeguards and shares facilities with D.T. Fleming Park, including: a parking lot, picnic tables, grills, restrooms, outdoor showers, wheelchair ramps, pay phones, lifeguard offices, a comfort station, and water taps.  The beach is frequented by both locals and tourists and is popular with surfers and bodyboarders because of its large winter swells.  In addition to the large swells, the beach frequently has strong rip currents and dangerous waves.  It also serves as the main beach front for the Ritz-Carlton, Kapalua.

Awards

Fleming Beach was named the "Best Beach in America" in 2006 and is frequently included on lists of the best beaches in the world.

Media
A live weather and surf feed is maintained for Fleming Beach at Surf-Forecast.com.

References

Beaches of Maui


title: 2004 Davis Cup Americas Zone Group IV

text:
The Group IV tournament was held in the Week commencing April 7, in Escazú, Costa Rica, on outdoor hard courts.

Round robin

Results of Individual Ties

Guatemala and St.Lucia promoted to Group III for 2005.

References

2004 Davis Cup Americas Zone
Davis Cup Americas Zone


The 2014 Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament took place from May 21 through 24.  The top seven regular season finishers of the league's twelve teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Billiken Sports Center on the campus of the Saint Louis University in St. Louis.   won their first Tournament championship in their first year of membership and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Seeding and format
The tournament used the same format from 2013, with the top seven finishers from the regular season seeded one through seven.  The top seed received a single bye while remaining seeds played on the first day.

Results

All-Tournament Team
The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team.

Saint Louis's Michael Bozarth, also chosen in 2013, was a second-time selection.

Most Outstanding Player
Luke Willis was named Tournament Most Outstanding Player.  Willis was an outfielder for George Mason.

References

Tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
Atlantic 10 Conference baseball tournament
2010s in St. Louis
College sports tournaments in Missouri
Baseball competitions in St. Louis


title: Taro Daniel

text:
is a Japanese-American professional tennis player. He has won one ATP Tour singles title at the 2018 Istanbul Open, seven ATP Challenger Tour singles titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 64 on 27 August 2018. He is currently the No. 3 Japanese player.

Personal life
Taro's mother, Yasue, was Japanese and his father, Paul Daniel, is American. He grew up in various places throughout the world. He spent most of his elementary school days in Saitama, Japan. He went to Nagoya International School. Taro and his family moved to Spain when he was 14 years old. He speaks Japanese, English and Spanish. He has one younger sister, Kana.

Tennis career

Early Age
Taro started playing tennis when he was 7 years old. He practiced at the Shinrin Longwood Tennis Club in Nagoya City during his years in Japan. He got third place for under 12 in the All Japan Junior Tennis Tournament.

2011–13
Daniel had won a couple of ITF Futures events in Spain and Portugal.
On the ATP Challenger Tour, he made the semifinals at the Yokohama in November 2012, and reached his first Challenger final at the Yeongwol in November 2013, where he lost to fourth seed Bradley Klahn in the final. In 2011–2013, Daniel had raised his ATP ranking from world no. 978 to 241.

2014: Grand Slam debut
Daniel reached the third qualifying round of the 2014 Australian Open, losing to Thomaz Bellucci. Qualifying for his first ATP tournament, he made the quarterfinals of the Chile Open, after gaining revenge over Bellucci and defeating eighth seed Federico Delbonis. His run was ended by third seed Nicolas Almagro.

At the 2014 Davis Cup World Group quarterfinal against the Czech Republic, Daniel was nominated for the first time for the Japan Davis Cup team. He played the singles rubber, but lost to Lukáš Rosol in a five-setter and Jiří Veselý.

Daniel qualified for the 2014 US Open to make his Grand Slam main-draw debut, losing to fifth seed Milos Raonic in the first round. The next week, he reached the final at the Seville Challenger, where he was defeated by top seed Pablo Carreño Busta.

2015: Top 100
After competing in the ATP events of Montpellier and Casablanca, Daniel defeated Filippo Volandri to claim his first ATP Challenger Tour title in Vercelli. He qualified for the 2015 French Open, losing to 32nd seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round. In July, Daniel won the Fürth Challenger, defeating top seeds Blaž Rola and Albert Montañés.

At 2015 Davis Cup World Group play-offs against Colombia, Daniel won the first Davis Cup match of his career, beating Alejandro Falla in the last tie. His victory completed a come-from-behind victory against Colombia to remain in the World Group for 2016. In October, he qualified for the Valencia Open, and reached the second round, before losing to sixth seed Guillermo García-López. He completed the 2015 season with his third Challenger title in Yokohama, winning over his countryman Go Soeda in the final.

He entered the top 100 in the ATP rankings for the first time at world no. 93 on 23 November 2015.

2016: Masters debut and win, Major first win, Olympics debut
Daniel received direct entry to the main draw of the 2016 Australian Open, losing in the first round to Lukáš Rosol in five sets. In February, he reached the second round of the Open Sud de France before losing to eighth seed Marcos Baghdatis in straight sets. At 2016 Davis Cup World Group first round in Birmingham, Japan faced defending champion Great Britain. He was defeated by world No. 2 Andy Murray in straight sets; Japan lost 1–3.

Daniel qualified for the Monte-Carlo Masters to make his ATP World Tour Masters 1000 main-draw debut. He beat Adrian Mannarino in straight sets to reach the second round, where he lost to 12th seed Dominic Thiem in three sets. He then competed at Bucharest and Estoril, reaching the second rounds in both tournaments. In the 2016 French Open, he advanced to the second round of Major tournaments for the first time in his career when his opponent Martin Kližan had to retire from injury in the fifth set. He lost to third seed and defending champion Stan Wawrinka in straight sets despite having two set points in the first set and being up a break in the third. He next competed in the 2016 Wimbledon Championships, losing in the first round to Juan Mónaco in four sets.

Daniel competed in the Olympics, where he defeated the No. 14 seed Jack Sock in straight sets in the first round. Daniel then beat Kyle Edmund of Great Britain before losing to Juan Martín del Potro, despite having won the first set.

2017–18: First Masters third round and ATP title, Top 65 debut
Daniel reached the second round of the 2017 US Open where he lost to Rafael Nadal in four sets.

In March at the 2018 Indian Wells Masters, Daniel qualified for the main draw and defeated Cameron Norrie and world No. 13 Novak Djokovic in three sets to reach the third round.

In May, he made his first ATP final at the 2018 Istanbul Open, where he played Tunisian Malek Jaziri, also in his first final. Daniel beat Jaziri 7–6 6–4 to win his first ATP title. Daniel climbed to his career high ranking of No. 64 on 27 August 2018.

He finished the 2018 season ranked No. 77.

2019–21: Out of top 100, Olympics

Daniel, as a lucky loser, reached the semifinals in 2021 Serbia Open in Belgrade, where he beat João Sousa, 7th seed John Millman and Federico Delbonis, but lost to second seed and eventual champion Matteo Berrettini.

2022: Grand Slam third round, back to top 100

After winning through 2022 Australian Open qualifying, Daniel made it to the third round of a Grand Slam for the first time in his career, beating Tomás Barrios and former finalist Andy Murray in the process. He lost to 10th seed Jannik Sinner in the third round.

At the 2022 BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells in March, having beaten him at Melbourne, Daniel lost to Andy Murray, giving the Scot the 700th match win of his career on the ATP Tour.

Daniel reached the quarterfinals in 2022 Serbia Open in Belgrade, beating Dušan Lajović and Holger Rune. He lost to second seed and eventual champion Andrey Rublev in straight sets.

He finished the 2022 season ranked No. 92.

2023: First Top 10 win, Two consecutive Masters third rounds
Ranked No. 125 at the Mexican Open, Daniel reached the quarterfinals as a qualifier defeating second seed Casper Ruud for his first top 10 win of his career.

At the 2023 BNP Paribas Open he defeated Roberto Carballes Baena and 20th seed Matteo Berrettini to reach the third round of a Masters as a qualifier for the second time at this tournament and in his career. As a result he returned to the top 100.

He received a wildcard into the 2023 Miami Open where he defeated Arthur Rinderknech who retired in the first round.  Next he defeated 13th seed Alexander Zverev to reach back-to-back Masters third rounds in two weeks.

ATP career finals

Singles: 1 (1 title)

Challenger and ITF Finals

Singles 25 (11-14)

Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)

Performance timelines

Singles
Current through the 2023 US Open.

Record against top-10 players
Daniel's match record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who have been No. 1 in boldface

  Novak Djokovic 1–0
  Jack Sock 1–0
  David Goffin 1–0
  Casper Ruud  1–0
  Matteo Berrettini 2–3
  Andy Murray 1–2
  Cameron Norrie 1–0
  Carlos Alcaraz 0–1
  Marcos Baghdatis 0–1
  Roberto Bautista Agut 0–1
  Marin Čilić 0–1
  Juan Martín del Potro 0–1
  Richard Gasquet 0–1
  Daniil Medvedev 0–1
  Jürgen Melzer 0–1
  Jannik Sinner 0–1
  Juan Mónaco 0–1
  Rafael Nadal 0–1
  Andrey Rublev 0–1
  Denis Shapovalov 0–1
  Gilles Simon 0–1
  Dominic Thiem 0–1
  Janko Tipsarević 0–1
  Stefanos Tsitsipas 0–1
  Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 0–1
  Stan Wawrinka 0–1
  Nicolás Almagro 0–2
  Pablo Carreño Busta 0–2
  Fabio Fognini 0–2
  Milos Raonic 0–2
  Fernando Verdasco 0–2

:* '''

Wins over top 10 players
He has a  record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Japanese descent
Japanese-American tennis players
Japanese male tennis players
Japanese people of American descent
Tennis players from New York City
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for Japan


title: ASV Blauw-Wit

text:
Amsterdamse Sportvereniging Blauw-Wit (ASV Blauw-Wit) is an association football club from Amsterdam.

History

Blauw-Wit Amsterdam

Blauw-Wit Amsterdam was founded on 10 May 1902 as a club for the Kinkerbuurt in Amsterdam. From 1928 it played home matches in the Olympic Stadium of Amsterdam. The club entered professional football in 1954. In 1972 the club professional division merged with Volewijckers and DWS to form FC Amsterdam. The Blauw-Wit organization continued as an amateur club. Originally named VICTORIA! the club merged with another neighborhood club Holland from which point the combined clubs took on the name Blauw-Wit and were accepted into the Derde Klasse by the NVB.

Between 1914 until 1928 Blauw-Wit played in the Old Stadion, before moving to the Olympic Stadium. The club championed the Eerste Klasse KNVB West I seven times (then the highest class in Dutch football). The club joined the professional football league Eredivisie from its inception in 1954. The professional division merged with Volewijckers and DWS to form FC Amsterdam in 1972.

The remaining amateur club fused in 2002 with Osdorp-Sport to form ASV Blauw-Wit Osdorp and then in 2003 with KBV, Neerlandia/SLTO and Sparta Amsterdam to become FC Blauw-Wit Amsterdam.

Blauw-Wit Beursbengels

In 2015 FC Blauw-Wit merged with VV De Beursbengels to form Blauw-Wit Beursbengels. Its Saturday first squad played mostly in the Derde Klasse and two seasons in the Tweede Klasse. The Sunday first squad played in the Vijfde Klasse.

De Beursbengels was founded as an event team to celebrate the anniversary of the stock exchange in 1964. Employees and coworkers of the stock exchange played in a friendly match against Oud-Amsterdam. The match went so well that on 30 March 1965 VV de Beursbengels was founded. The club started competing in amateur football with three teams, in which the club's first team was promoted from the Derde Klasse of the Amsterdam football union up to the Vierde Klasse in Dutch amateur football. Fielding only three teams, it was one of the smallest football clubs in the Netherlands. Several promotions and relegations later the club managed to solidify itself as the smallest club ever to compete in the Hoofdklasse; in 2002 the club was relegated once more to the Eerste Klasse and in 2014–15 competed in the Tweede Klasse.

ASV Blauw-Wit
On 1 July 2021, the club changed its name to ASV Blauw Wit.

References

football clubs in the Netherlands
Football clubs in Amsterdam
1965 establishments in the Netherlands
2015 disestablishments in the Netherlands
Association football clubs established in 1965
Association football clubs disestablished in 2015


title: Secrets (Mark Feldman album)

text:
Secrets is an album by violinist Mark Feldman, pianist Uri Caine, bassist Greg Cohen and drummer Joey Baron performing traditional Hassidic spiritual themes which was released on the Tzadik label in 2009.

Reception

In his review for Allmusic, Michael G. Nastos notes that "this is music anyone can enjoy, no matter your religious or non-secular persuasion. What is most evident is that, although these songs are revealed perhaps for the first time on a contemporary recording, it's no secret as to the absolute brilliance of these four quality modern creative improvising musicians making this music all their own. It's a very strong release, and comes with the highest of recommendations". On All About Jazz Warren Allen said "Secrets finds them interpreting a variety of niggunim, the often wordless prayer melodies sung by sects of Hasidic Jews, and they mix a jazz sensibility with slight, indefinable touches of the avant-garde to create a quartet that speaks many languages in one voice".

Track listing
All compositions traditional nigunim of the Lubavitch, Satmar, Bobov and Modzitzer Hassidim
 "Lubavitcher Nigun" – 6:27
 "Avinu Malkenu" – 5:40
 "Chabad Nigun" – 5:24
 "Z'chor Dovon" – 4:11
 "Satmar Rikud" – 7:30
 "Bobover Nigun" – 3:25
 "Kel Adon" – 6:32
 "Z'chor Hashem" – 5:35
 "Moditzer Nigun" – 4:25

Personnel
Mark Feldman – violin
Uri Caine – piano
Greg Cohen – bass
Joey Baron – drums

References

Tzadik Records albums
Mark Feldman albums
Uri Caine albums
2009 albums
Albums produced by John Zorn


title: Algoma Progress

text:
Algoma Progress was a self-unloading lake freighter and bulk carrier operating on the North American Great Lakes, owned by Algoma Central. Launched in 1968, the ship was originally named Canadian Progress and operated by the Upper Lakes Shipping. At launch, the ship was the largest self-unloading vessel on the Great Lakes. Canadian Progress was used to transport coal, iron ore, barley and road salt on the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway. Canadian Progress ran aground twice, the first in 1985 and then again in 1988. In 2011, Upper Lakes Shipping sold its entire fleet to Algoma Central, which renamed the vessel Algoma Progress. In 2014, Algoma Progress was sold for scrap and broken up at Port Colborne, Ontario.

Description
As built, the ship was  long overall and  between perpendiculars with a beam of . The ship had a depth of hold of . The ship had a gross register tonnage (GRT) of 21,436 and a deadweight tonnage (DWT) of 31,751. To reduce weight, the hatch covers were made of aluminum.

The ship was initially powered by two Ruston and Hornsby diesel engines each rated at . During a refit in 1989–1990, the bulk carrier received new engines; two Caterpillar 3612TA V-12 cylinder diesel engines with a combined rating of . The engines drove one shaft turning a controllable pitch propeller and power a  bow thruster. The ship had a maximum speed of . As a self-unloading vessel, the bulk carrier was equipped with a stern-mounted  discharge boom. The boom was able to swing 100 degrees to either side of the ship and could unload at a rate of up to  per hour.

Construction and career
The vessel was laid down on 5 June 1967 at Port Weller Dry Docks, St. Catharines, Ontario with the yard number 48. Canadian Progress was launched on 5 July 1968 and completed in August. At launch, Canadian Progress was the largest self-unloading vessel on the Great Lakes. The vessel was used to transport coal, iron ore, barley and road salt through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway. During its career, the bulk carrier set several shipping records on the Great Lakes. On 23 April 1985, Canadian Progress ran aground  east of Ogdensburg, New York in the Saint Lawrence River. The ship had been sailing to Chicago, Illinois with a load of coal. To free the ship, tugboats were required to assist Canadian Progress. In 1988, while transporting a load of coal Canadian Progress ran aground on Ballard's Reef, requiring tugboat assistance.

In February 2011, Upper Lakes Shipping sold its fleet to Algoma Central. The ship was renamed Algoma Progress and officially entered service with its new owners on 31 July 2011. Algoma Progress continued in service until 2014, when Algoma Central sold the vessel to International Marine Salvage for scrap. The ship was towed to Port Colborne, Ontario where demolition was reported completed on 30 December 2014.

References

External links

1968 ships
Merchant ships of Canada
Great Lakes freighters
Algoma Central Marine
Ships built in Ontario


title: Richi, Iran

text:
Richi (, also Romanized as Rīchī; also known as Rechī, Rījī, and Rīshī) is a village in, and the capital of, Kuh Mareh Sorkhi Rural District of Arzhan District, Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 439 in 95 households. The following census in 2011 counted 282 people in 78 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 272 people in 82 households.

References

Shiraz County

Populated places in Fars Province

Populated places in Shiraz County


title: Singapore City Gallery

text:
Singapore City Gallery, formerly known as URA Gallery, is a three-storey visitor centre located in The URA Centre, Singapore that charts Singapore's urban transformation and future plans. It was established in January 1999 and is managed by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). It features a large model replica of the Central Area of Singapore.

Aim

The Gallery aims to showcase Singapore’s physical transformation in the last 50 years to become "one of the most liveable cities in Asia." It also aims to explain how "forward-looking, long-term and integrated land use planning and partnership between private and public sectors is achieved" in Singapore. The Gallery also presents "creative solutions to balancing different competing needs, the many live, work, play opportunities planned for, extensive conservation efforts and urban design strategies to create a more distinctive Singapore."

History

The gallery, which had an initial cost of 4.2 million Singapore dollars, was opened on 27 January 1999,by Lim Hng Kiang, who was National Development Minister at the time. The gallery was initially projected to attract 36,000 visitors a year over the first three years of its existence, most of whom were expected to be students or local community groups. In 2004, the gallery underwent a major renovation of 80% of its exhibits. Upon its reopening on 3 December 2004, the Gallery was renamed the Singapore City Gallery. The Gallery's key exhibit, the Central Area Model, was also expanded to include areas which were formerly not shown, such as Orchard Road, Kampong Glam, Little India, Bras Basah, and Bugis. The model was also updated to include the latest plans for Marina Bay. In 2008, the Gallery received its millionth visitor. In 2011, the gallery was redesigned again, and reopened in August of that year, to include new exhibits such as a 270-degree panorama of life in Singapore and an 8-player multimedia game on urban planning. This latest version won honours in the Singapore Design Award 2012 for both the Events/Exhibitions category and the Multidisciplinary Design category.  The Gallery now receives about 150,000 visitors annually.

Gallery

Singapore City Gallery, the only permanent exhibit that tells the story of the nation's physical planning efforts, has 10 thematic areas and more than 50 audiovisual and interactive exhibits occupying the first three floors of the Urban Redevelopment Authority building on Maxwell Road in the Central Area. The first floor is reserved for temporary displays on topics such as urban planning, architecture, and other areas relevant to the Urban Redevelopment Authority's remit. The second floor houses a scale replica of central Singapore, called the Central Area Model. The third floor comprises permanent exhibits on topics such as preservation of historically significant buildings, sustainable development, and urban design. The Gallery as a whole occupies a total area of 2400 square metres. The gallery is open from 9am to 5pm from Monday to Saturday, and is closed on Sundays and public holidays.

Central Area Model

The Central Area Model is an 11 metre by 10 metre architectural model of Central Singapore. Modelled at a scale of 1:400, it is mainly constructed from balsa wood and acrylic, and is composed of various individual area models built for public consultations in past decades, which were then assembled in 1998 into one large model for display in the Gallery. The model is frequently updated and is used by Urban Redevelopment Authority architects as a working model of the area to simulate new growth areas and discuss options between community, developers and government. In addition to showing currently existing buildings in the area, the model also models plans for as-yet-unbuilt buildings.

Central Area Discoverer
The Gallery, designed for self-discovery, has many interactive exhibits and stations, one of which is Central Area Discoverer, an interactive library of more than 100 video stories and 1000 pictures of the centre's past, present and future, the urban planning efforts in finding innovative solution to space constraints and a growing population, balancing old world charm with an ultra modern cityscape. The Discoverer is the interactive core of Rediscover Singapore, a unique online cultural resource for residents that was honoured a Finalist of the Stockholm Challenge Award in 2008, under the Culture Category. The Award is an annual international award selected by a jury comprising some of the foremost global IT-entrepreneurs.

References

External links
Official website

1999 establishments in Singapore
Architecture museums
Museums in Singapore
Urban planning museums


title: Attack Squadron 1L

text:
Attack Squadron ONE L (VA-1L) was a United States Navy squadron used to evaluate weapons and equipment and develop new tactics for the fleet under command of Light Carrier Air Group One (CVLG-1) aboard the .  Originally established as Torpedo Squadron FIFTY EIGHT (VT-58) on 19 March 1946 at Naval Auxiliary Air Station Fentress in Chesapeake, Virginia, it was redesignated VA-1L on 15 November 1946 and ultimately disestablished on 20 November 1948.  The squadron was the only one to receive the designations VA-1L or VT-58.

History
The squadron's mission, when established, was to work with the navy's Operational Development Force (COMOPDEVFOR). That organization's duties included the operational test and evaluation of new weapons, equipment and methods for use by the fleet; reporting the results; and recommending required training, operating procedures and tactical doctrine. To accomplish this mission, the squadron operated three different types:  the F6F-5N Hellcat fighter aircraft, SB2C-5 Helldiver dive bomber and TBM-3 Avenger torpedo bomber, giving them a day and night capability.  By the end of the year however, the fighter aircraft were transferred to the group's fighter unit, Fighter Squadron ONE L (VF-1L), and the now-redesignated attack squadron would focus on attack-oriented aircraft types for the duration of its establishment.

The squadron was moved to Naval Air Station Atlantic City on 19 June 1946 and when the squadron received the TBM-3W airborne early warning aircraft in March 1947, it also received qualified personnel to support and operate the AEW TBM.  In April and May 1947, the squadron operated aboard  during her shakedown cruise in the Caribbean, and in February the following year, TBM-3N and TBM-3E aircraft were embarked for deployment in the Caribbean about Saipan again, during which squadron aircraft participated in a fly-over during the inauguration ceremonies in Caracas, Venezuela for President-elect Rómulo Gallegos.  As part of Saipan's air wing CVLG-1, aircraft carried the tail code 'SA'.
VA-1L became one of the first squadrons to receive the XBT2D-1, the initial prototype version of what would become better known as the Douglas A-1 Skyraider.  Initial aircraft arrived in January 1948 and on October 19, production examples of the aircraft (designated AD-2).  However, the squadron was disestablished shortly thereafter on 20 November 1948 with elements of the squadron joining elements of VF-1L to form Aircraft Development Squadron 3 (VX-3) which would serve in a similar role for the next twelve years before ultimately being disestablished itself on 1 March 1960.

Home port
VT-58 was initially established at Naval Auxiliary Air Station Fentress in Chesapeake, Virginia, but only remained there for three months.  Naval Air Station Atlantic City in New Jersey became its new home on 19 June 1946 and it would remain there until its disestablishment in 1948.

Commanding officers
Established under acting commander Lieutenant Dean S. Laird, little over a month would pass before the first commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander (LCDR) Samuel G. Parsons would assume command of the squadron.  LCDR John W. Shong became commander of the squadron on 20 August 1946 and would be the unit's longest-serving commander, handing over the squadron on 13 June 1948 to LCDR Laurence W. Abbott Jr. who would see the squadron through to its disestablishment.

Aircraft

 F6F-5N Hellcat from May through December 1946
 SB2C-5 Helldiver from May 1946
 TBM-3 Avenger from May 1946
 TBM-3E Avenger from May 1946
 TBM-3N Avenger from December 1946
 TBM-3W Avenger from 4 March 1947
 XBT2D-1 Skyraider from January 1948
 AD-2 Skyraider from 19 October 1948

See also
 Attack aircraft
 Naval aviation
 List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
 History of the United States Navy

References

Attack squadrons of the United States Navy
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons


title: Arend (given name)

text:
Arend, Arent or Arendt (all pronounced ) is a Dutch masculine given name. Arend means "eagle" in Dutch, but the name derives from Arnoud/Arnout, which itself stems from the Germanic elements aran "eagle" and wald "rule, power". The form Arent also occurs in Norway. People with the name include:

 Arend, Lord of Egmond (c. 1337–1409), Dutch nobility
 Arent Arentsz (1585–1631), Dutch landscape painter
 Arent Berntsen (1610–1680), Dano-Norwegian topographer and statistician
 Arent Greve de Besche (1878–1945), Norwegian bacteriologist
 Arend Bloem (born 1947), Dutch canoer
 Arend Jan Boekestijn (born 1959), Dutch politician
 Arend "Arie" van de Bunt (born 1969), Dutch water polo goalkeeper
 Arent Schuyler Crowninshield (1843–1908), American rear admiral of the United States Navy
 Arent van Curler (1619–1667), Dutch settler in New Netherland
 Arent Schuyler DePeyster (1736–1822), New York-born British military officer
 Arend Dijckman (1572–1627), Dutch merchant who briefly was Admiral of the Polish Navy
 Arent Nicolai Dragsted (1821–1898), Danish goldsmith
 Arent de Gelder (1645–1727), Dutch painter
 Arend Glas (born 1968), Dutch bobsledder
 Arend Johan van Glinstra (1754–1814), Dutch painter
 Arent Greve (1733–1808), Norwegian jeweler, goldsmith and painter
 Arend "Arie" Haan (born 1948), Dutch football player and coach
 Arend van Halen (1673–1732), Dutch portrait painter
 Arend Hassink (born 1950), Dutch former road bicycle racer
 Arent M. Henriksen (born 1946), Norwegian politician
 Arend Heyting (1898–1980), Dutch mathematician and logician
 Arend van 't Hoft (born 1933), Dutch racing cyclist
 Arend de Keysere (died 1490), Flemish printer
 Arent Jacobsz Koets (c.1600–1635), Dutch guard painted by Frans Hals
 Arend Langenberg (1949–2012), Dutch voice actor and radio presenter
 Arend Lijphart (born 1936), Dutch political scientist
 Arend Lubbers (born 1931), American college administrator
 Arent Magnin (1825–1888), Dutch Governor of the Gold Coast
 Arent Passer (c.1560–1637), Dutch stonemason in Estonia
  (died 1679), Dutch cartographer
 Arendt de Roy (died 1589), Flemish architect
 Arend Joan Rutgers (1903–1998), Dutch/Belgian physical chemist
 Arend Schoemaker (1911–1982), Dutch footballer
 Arent Schuyler (1662–1730), New Netherland surveyor, merchant, and land speculator, ancestor of Arent DePeyster and Arent Crowninshield
 Arent Gustaf Silfversparre (1727–1818), Swedish baron
 Arend Fokke Simonsz (1755–1812), Dutch writer and intellectual
 Arent Solem (1777–1857), Norwegian merchant
 Arend von Stryk (born 1970), Namibian footballer
 Arent Van Soelen (1898–?), South African sports sailor
 Arend van der Wel (1933–2013), Dutch footballer
  (1882–1939), Dutch Arabist
 Arend Friedrich Wiegmann (1770–1853), German pharmacist and botanist
 Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann (1802–1841), German zoologist and herpetologist, son of the above

See also
Arndt, a related given name
Arend (surname)

References

Dutch masculine given names
Masculine given names


title: Clay County Jail

text:
The Clay County Jail is a historic former jail located at 195 Main St. in Louisville, Illinois. Built in 1893, the jail was the third used by the county. The brick jail was designed in the Queen Anne style; its design features gabled dormers at the front of its hip roof and a spindlework front porch. The jail building also included the county sheriff's residence, a common arrangement which allowed the sheriff to oversee the prisoners at all times. The jail is now used as the Clay County Historical Society Museum.

The jail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1998.

References

Jails on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Queen Anne architecture in Illinois
Government buildings completed in 1893
Buildings and structures in Clay County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Clay County, Illinois
Jails in Illinois


title: Arend

text:
Arend may refer to:

Arend (locomotive), one of the two first steam locomotives in the Netherlands
Arend, Iran, a village
Arendsee (lake) or Lake Arend, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
50P/Arend or Comet Arend, a periodic comet
De Arend (disambiguation), the name of various Dutch windmills
Arend (given name)
Arend (surname)

See also
 Arent (disambiguation)
 Arends, a Dutch surname
 Arents, a Dutch and German surname
 Arent Arentsz (1585–1631), Dutch painter
 Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American philosopher and political theorist


title: Tunica Lake

text:
Tunica Lake (also called Tunica Cutoff) is an oxbow lake located in Lee County, Arkansas and Tunica County, Mississippi.  The Arkansas-Mississippi border follows the center of the narrow, curving lake.

History
Prior to 1942, the north-south flowing Mississippi River curved east into Mississippi, flowed along Tunica Lake (then called "Fox Island Bend" and "OK Bend"), and then continued its north-south route.

In 1933, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began construction of 13 cutoffs along the lower Mississippi River.

Previous cutoffs had been constructed along the river, and were of commercial benefit because they allowed ships to bypass lengthy U-shaped bends.  Typically, cutoffs were created by digging a channel across a peninsula, leaving the bypassed bend to form an oxbow lake.

Tunica Lake was created when the "Hardin Cutoff" was constructed across "Hardin Point" peninsula in 1942. It was the last cutoff constructed during that period.

Communities
All the communities near Tunica Lake are located in Mississippi.

The present-day town of Austin was historically located directly along the east bank of Fox Island Bend. In 1884, the area was flooded when a nearby levee broke, and when the floodwaters receded, steamboats could no longer land because a large sandbar had been left between Austin and the Mississippi River.

North of Austin is the community of "Fox Island".

At the northern end of Tunica Lake is a small community with cottages, fishing camps, bait shops, an RV park, and four boatramps.

Characteristics
A small channel at "Shoo Fly Bar" on the south end of the lake connects to the Mississippi River.  This channel permits spawning fish to enter Tunica Lake, and provides recreational boaters with access to the river. The channel also causes water levels in Tunica Lake to rise and fall along with the seasonal variations in water level in the Mississippi River.

Fish species found in Tunica Lake include bowfin, bream (bluegill), buffalo, channel catfish, common carp, crappie, drum, flathead catfish, gar, green sunfish, largemouth bass, white bass, and yellow bass.

Although the lake can be legally fished with either an Arkansas or Mississippi fishing license, all vehicles and most recreational boats can only access the lake from Mississippi.

In popular culture
Mississippi author Larry Brown mentioned the lake in his 2003 novel The Rabbit Factory:
It seemed his daddy had been dead forever now.  He still thought about him often, though, and about the times he'd taken him fishing for fat bluegills at Tunica Cutoff. They used to catch piles of them.

References

Lakes of Arkansas
Lakes of Mississippi
Bodies of water of Lee County, Arkansas
Landforms of Tunica County, Mississippi
Oxbow lakes of the United States
Mississippi placenames of Native American origin
Arkansas placenames of Native American origin


title: Sankararaman murder case

text:
Sankararaman murder case was a case on  the  staged  murder of Sankararaman, the manager of Varadharaja Perumal Temple in Kanchipuram, a town in state of Tamil Nadu. He was murdered in the premises of the temple on 3 September 2004. The blame was  hoisted on the Shankaracharya Shri Jayendra Saraswati Swamigal and Shri Vijayendra Saraswati Swamigal.

The report by investigative journalist Dhamodaran Prakash in the Tamil weekly Nakkeeran and the confession by the surrendered, lead to the arrest of Jayendra Saraswati and Vijayendra Saraswati, the seers of the Kanchi Mutt, a popular South Indian monastic institution.  Sankararaman is alleged to have constantly leveled accusations against the Kanchi seers and the functioning of the Kanchi Mutt. The victim responsible for the arrest of the Jayendra Saraswati is alleged to have sent anonymous letters to the Mutt in his own name and his pen name Somasekara Ganapadigal alleging instances of financial irregularities and nepotism.

The prosecution by the Kanchipuram judicial magistrate in November 2004, claimed that Jayendra Saraswati "admitted to his involvement" in the murder.

The trial involved examining 189 witnesses during the trial period of 2009 to 2013, out of which 89 turned hostile. On 27 November 2013, all the 24 accused were acquitted by the Puducherry Principal District Session, quoting lack of incriminating evidence against them. The Puducherry court that pronounced the verdict on the trial noted that fair and proper trial was not performed in the case in the investigation, especially due to the active involvement of SP of Kanchipuram Premkumar IPS in the case beyond what is specified by law.

Background

Sankararaman was the manager of Varadharaja Perumal Temple in Kanchipuram, a town in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Sankararaman constantly leveled accusations against the Kanchi seers and the functioning of the Kanchi Mutt. He is alleged to have sent anonymous letters to the Mutt. His father, Anantakrishnasharma was working closely with the 68th seer, Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi, the predecessor of Sri Jayendra Saraswathi. Sankararaman was an employee of the Mutt until the demise of Chandrasekarendra Saraswati in 1994. He detached himself from the mutt when Jayendra saraswathi became the head of the Mutt and he joined the Varadaraja Perumal temple as a manager. He was reported to be a stickler of tradition and he streamlined the assets and income of the temple. He suspended two of the temple priests when there was a robbery in the temple and refused to allow them until they paid the loss of 105,000. He made the tenants and land leasers of the temple pay the arrears amount. He filed a case in a court in 2000, against Jayendra Saraswathi visiting China, quoting that the seers of the Mutt cannot cross ocean, but can take land route. Jayendra Saraswathi cancelled the trip eventually. He was allegedly once not allowed to enter the Kamakshi Amman Temple along with his family in 2001 by the Mutt authorities.

Sankararaman was murdered by a set of five gang men on 3 September 2004 in the premises of the temple using sharp weapons. While there were no eyewitnesses to the murder, the perpetrators presumably visited the house of Sankararaman an hour before to enquire about his whereabouts. His daughter, as per her statement in the court, revealed the incident.

Key Accused
Jayendra Saraswathi Swamigal was  the head of the Kanchi Mutt, one of a prominent Hindu monastic institutions in the country. An investigative journalist named Dhamodaran Prakash in the Tamil weekly Nakkeeran alleged the reasons of the murder being the continuous infuriation by Sankararaman against Jayendrar and Kanchi Mutt. His report claimed that the letters were denting the image of the seer and the Mutt against prospective sponsors of the mutt. The report, which claimed that the murder was done at the behest of the seer and the confessions of some of accused who surrendered earlier brought Jayendrar into the spectrum of the case and necessitated his arrest.

Jayendra Saraswathi and Vijayendra Saraswathi were named as accused number one (A-1), and A-2 respectively. Appu alias Krishnaswamy was accused of utilizing his gang men for the murder of Sankararaman. Appu is believed to be associated with politicians from major parties and his criminal records have sandalwood smuggling and sand quarrying charges. He was arrested twice during 1996-2001 for those charges but was released immediately. Before the murder, he had nine pending cases against his name that included one murder and three attempts to murder. It was alleged that Appu directed five gang men to murder Sankararaman. Ravi Subramanian, a civil contractor who constructed buildings related to the Kanchi Mutt was alleged to have arranged Appu for the murder. Sundaresa Ayyar, the manager of the mutt for several years was added as an accused in the case as he was alleged to have arranged the funds for the murder from the Mutt accounts. A total of 24 people were accused in the case.

Arrests

The case involved the arrest of Jayendra Saraswati and Vijayendra Saraswati, the seers of the Kanchi Mutt, a monastic institution claimed to be established by Sri Adishankara. Jayendra was arrested on the Diwali day of 11 November 2004 at around 11:25 p.m. in Andhra Pradesh, while Vijayendra was arrested on the Mutt premises on 10 January 2005. Both the seers were in Mahabubnagar in Andhra Pradesh when the warrant was issued and the Tamil Nadu Police reached Hyderabad. Jayendra was arrested and brought to Hyderabad airport from where he was brought to Chennai. 12 men including Jayendra, were arrested in the case and five others surrendered in front of the George Town court. One of them confessed that he surrendered as 50,000 was paid to him for the surrender and the police arrested six men who arranged for the surrender. Appu was arrested on 11 November 2004 in Andhra Pradesh in connection with the case. Sundaresa Ayyar, the manager of the Kanchi Mutt was arrested in December 2004.

Confession

Senior Supreme Court lawyer KTS Tulsi told the court that the Jayendra Saraswati in tears, admitted to his role in the murder of Sankararaman from 19 to 21 November 2004 at an All Women's police station, Kanchipuram.  The confessions were videographed. According to a member of the interrogation team, the Jayendra Saraswati acknowledged that Sankararaman had become a discomfort with his letters spanning three years, threatening to reveal the muth's misdeeds. He claimed to be restless and very disturbed after receiving the letters. He said Sankararaman's allegations angered him.

When Sankararaman's last letter came, Jayendra Saraswati was there, along with Ravi Subramaniam, a Chennai-based constructor and ardent devotee of Jayendra Saraswati . Jayendra Saraswati expressed his displeasure to Ravi Subramaniam. According to reports, the Ravi Subramaniam said he'd make sure this letter was the last, but that it would cost money. The Jayendra Saraswati directed N. Sundaresan, the math's manager, to make the required preparations. Ravi then hired Appu alias Krishnaswamy to carry out the assassination.

Jayendra Saraswati is said to have admitted to being in contact with Appu through mobile before and after the assassination during the interrogation. After the assassination, Kadiravan, one of the six suspected hitmen, called Jayendra on his mobile.

The Shankaracharya has reportedly decided to name quite few former judiciary, high ranking policemen, and government officials who approached him for favours ranging from quarry contracts to governorships.

Jayendra Saraswati admitted to Nakkheeran in an earlier interview on 25 September that "some of my bhaktas may have been accountable for Sankararaman's demise."

Chargesheet
The then Superintendent of Police K Premkumar who made the arrest and S P Sakthivelu, who was the investigating officer, submitted an 1875-page charge sheet before the Judicial Magistrate of Chingalpet. The charge sheet, filed on 21 January 2005, named 24 people accused in the case. There were separate charge sheets filed against Jayendrar and Vijayendrar who were the prime accused in the case. It named 377 witnesses in the case and provided 722 documents related to the case. The submission of charge sheet in the case enabled the trial to begin. Ravi Subramanian, who was a civil contractor and co-accused in the case turned an approver, and he was included as a prosecution witness. He mentioned that the arrest of Jayendrar was done based on the confession from Kathiravan, who was charged as accused number 6 in the case.

Trial

Saraswati was produced in judicial magistrate court in Kanchipuram, and was jailed Vellore Central Prison on 12 November 2004. Kanchipuram judicial magistrate extended his judicial custody until 10 December 2004 on 26 November 2004. After four days the prosecution claimed that Saraswati "admitted to his involvement" in the murder of Sankararaman.

The bail plea of Jayendrar was declined in lower court and also in Madras High Court in December 2005. Jayendrar was released on bail on 10 January 2005, after two months of his arrest, by an order of the Supreme Court of India, which condemned the Tamil Nadu Police for not gathering credible evidence against the seer. The court also issued a notice to the Government of Tamil Nadu seeking explanation on detaining Krishnaswamy, one of the key accused in the case and not allowing him to be granted bail. The court also condemned the SP Premkumar for showing "undue interest and active participation" beyond his stated jurisdiction. Jayendrar was asked by the court not to visit the Mutt premises until the chargesheet was filed by the police. The Tamil Nadu government also filed a petition to the Supreme Court that the accused shall not reside in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Pondicherry during the course of investigation of the trial, but the petition was dismissed. Vijayendrar was released on bail by the Madras High Court on 11 February 2005, with a personal bond for 50,000 and two sureties.

The trial was initially planned in Chengalpet court. But, the seers appealed in the Supreme Court of India against the conduct of trial in the state citing political reasons and doubting fair trial. Sankarraman's widow opposed it by quoting that the 375 witnesses were all from Tamil Nadu and the legal documents were all written in Tamil. On 27 March 2007, the court ordered the case to be shifted to the neighbouring Union Territory, Pondicherry.

The trial began on 28 November 2007 in the principal sessions court in Pondicherry amidst tight security. Jayendrar also filed a special leave petition in the Supreme Court on 22 July 2008, challenging the continuance of Public prosecutor appointed by the Tamil Nadu government in the Puducherry court. The court reserved its orders on transfer of the case to Puducherry on his petition in March 2007. The Supreme Court ordered the Puducherry government to appoint a public prosecutor in the case, following which, a senior lawyer, N Devadoss was appointed by the Puduchery government to handle the case. The case was the first of its kind in the legal history of Puducherry when a case was transferred to the Union Territory. Kathiravan, one of the 24 accused was murdered on 5 March 2013 by five gang men in his houses in KK Nagar in Chennai. A Trichy-based lottery businessman with whom Kathiravan was involved in a land grab issue, was allegedly found to be the reason of the murder.

The trial involved examining 189 witnesses during the trial period of 2009 to 2013, out of which 89 turned hostile. The trial also saw four judges handling the case. On 27 November 2013, all the 24 accused were acquitted by the Puducherry Principal District Session, quoting lack of incriminating evidence against them. One among the 24, M Kathiravan, a prime accused, was hacked to death by a five-member gang near his house on 24 March 2013, was also acquitted. The judge in his order, pronounced that the witnesses including the daughter of Sankararam failed to identify the accused in the court.

The Puducherry court that pronounced the verdict on the trial noted that fair and proper trial was not performed in the case by the investigation officer due to the active involvement of SP Premkumar in the case beyond what is specified law. The court noted the same statements used by the Supreme Court against the SP when it granted bail to the seer during 2005. After opinion from Attorney-General Mukul Rohatgi to the central Home ministry, the Puducherry government reversed its decision to file an appeal on the case.

Political background

J Jayalalithaa, the leader of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) and then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, was an ardent follower of the Shankaracharya and the Mutt. The last meeting between the seer and her had been reported on 11 August 2003, in the premises of the Mutt, when Sushil Kumar Shinde, the Maharashtra Chief Minister, was also paying a visit to the seer.  The arrest of the Hindu seer in the case was seen as a political mileage for Jayalalithaa to improve her secular image with the Indian National Congress, who were otherwise part of the alliance of the opposing Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Kavi Tejpal Singh Tulsi, the senior Supreme Court advocate in the case criticized Jayendra Saraswati's supporters saying "for them a Brahmin is above the law" and said that Jayalalitha allowed the law to take its own course and did not engineer the case. He said that the Seer's food was cooked by a Brahmin constable in the prison and allegations about his mistreatment in the jail are wild and  not true. Another account claimed that Appu, one of the prime accused was working under Arcot N. Veeraswami, one of the leaders of the DMK. The seer's association with Appu, an opposition party member, is also believed to have effected in the fallout.

Following the arrest of the seer, former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, former president R. Venkataraman and leaders from different political parties held a protest in New Delhi condemning the arrest while the DMK party chief M. Karunanidhi welcomed the arrest. Vajpayee met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and asked that Saraswathi be moved to "some decent guest house". The Bharatiya Janata Party and the Sangh Parivar, which have been waging a battle against the seer's arrest with their "Hinduism under threat" slogan failed to create any significant response. There was very little public response except Brahmin groups performing yagnas and lighting lamps. The then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh advised the state government to handle the case with care, considering the political tension surrounding it. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) organised a nationwide bandh to protest the arrest. The Democratic Progressive Alliance made massive demonstrations in many areas of the State to protest against the BJP's attempt to communalise Saraswati's arrest.

Impact on Kanchi Mutt
The Kanchi Mutt is seen as one of the prominent institutions of Hinduism and claims to have been established by Adi Sankara in 5th century BC. The Mutt was an element of criticism for the Dravidian parties in the state that espouse Periyar's ideologies. It got national prominence with the involvement of Jayendra in the Ayodhya issue. Following the arrest of the seer, all the 194 bank accounts of the Mutt were sealed as police believed that the murder was funded by these bank accounts. The Mutt operated temporarily out of Kalavai, following the release of Jayendra on bail.

The Madras High Court ruled against the Tamil Nadu Police on 11 January 2005, quoting "No one is above the law. But if you divert and deviate from that direction unmindful of the rights of innocent devotees of the Mutt, it would result not only in diluting the prosecution, but also cast a deep shadow on it.  If there is anything wrong with the administration of the Mutt, it is for the Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department which has to comply with the procedure under the Act and to look after the said issues in terms of the provisions of the Act and it is not for the police to interfere with the functions of the Mutt while investigating a case of murder or assault."

Notes

References

Crime in Tamil Nadu
Kanchipuram district
2004 murders in India
Murder in India


The 1916 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 7, 1916. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1916 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

New Jersey was won by the Republican nominees, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes of New York and his running mate, former Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Hughes and Fairbanks defeated the Democratic nominees, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey and his running mate incumbent Vice President Thomas R. Marshall of Indiana.

Hughes carried New Jersey decisively with 54.40 percent of the vote to Wilson's 42.68 percent, a victory margin of 11.72 points. Coming in a distant third was Socialist candidate Allan L. Benson, who took 2.10 percent.

Like much of the Northeast, New Jersey in this era was a staunchly Republican state, having not given a majority of the vote to a Democratic presidential candidate since 1892. However, in 1912, Woodrow Wilson, then the sitting Governor of New Jersey, had won the state's electoral votes, but with a plurality of only 41 percent in a 3-way race against a split Republican field, with former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt running as a third party candidate against incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft. However, with the Republican base re-united behind Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, Wilson lost his home state to the GOP by a decisive 12-point margin in a head-to-head match-up, despite having served as the state's governor.

On the county level map, reflecting his comfortable victory, Hughes carried 17 of the state's 21 counties, breaking sixty percent of the vote in three. Wilson's only significant win was urban Hudson County, while he also won the three rural counties in western North Jersey, Warren, Sussex, and Hunterdon, which had long been non-Yankee Democratic enclaves in the otherwise Republican Northeast. Warren and Hunterdon had never voted Republican as of 1916 – and Sussex only for William McKinley in 1896 – yet Wilson would prove the last Democrat to win Sussex County until Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Despite being Wilson's home state, New Jersey registered as the second most Republican state in the nation in terms of vote share after Vermont and the fourth most Republican state in the nation in terms of margin, the state being about 15 points more Republican than the national average.  Woodrow Wilson is one of 4 presidents to lose his home state on a successful presidential bid. The others are James K. Polk, Richard Nixon, and Donald Trump. This was the first time a Democrat won without the state since 1844.

Results

Results by county

See also
 Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
 United States presidential elections in New Jersey

References

New Jersey
1916
1916 New Jersey elections


title: SC Buitenveldert

text:
Sportclub Buitenveldert is a Dutch football (soccer) club from the neighborhood Buitenveldert in Amsterdam. It was founded in 1974. In 2020–21, the club has a women's team in Hoofdklasse and a men's team in the Derde Klasse. The women's team has in the past made it to the Topklasse.

References

Football clubs in the Netherlands
Football clubs in Amsterdam
1901 establishments in the Netherlands


title: People's Labor Union of Ukraine

text:
People's Labor Union of Ukraine, NTSU () is a political party of Ukraine of center-left type that was officially registered in 2006. It was not until 2012 the party started to participate in parliamentary elections. The party's flag is similar to the flag of Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

The party was registered right after its constituent congress that took place on April 11, 2006.

The second party congress took place in Luhansk on August 21, 2010. The congress elected  as the party's leader. Zubov had been elected to parliament in the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election and 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election for Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc.

People's Labor Union of Ukraine took part in the 2010 Ukrainian local elections in Vinnytsia Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast and Cherkasy Oblast, but won no seats.

The third party congress was planning to take place in March 2011 in preparation to the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections. In this election the party gained 22,854 votes (0.11% of the total vote) and no seats. The party has not taken part in elections since.

References

External links
Official website
Party profile
Party profile. Center of political information.

Labour parties in Ukraine
Political parties established in 2006


title: E. ehrenbergii

text:
E. ehrenbergii may refer to:

 Echinocereus ehrenbergii, a ribbed cactus
 Euphlyctis ehrenbergii, a frog endemic to the Red Sea coast


title: Brunei–Laos relations

text:
Brunei and Laos established diplomatic relations in 1993. Brunei has an embassy in Vientiane, and Laos has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. Both countries co-operate in trade, education and defence.

History
Relations between the two countries has been established since 27 July 1993. In 2010, President Choummaly Sayasone made a state visit to Brunei while His Majesty The Sultan of Brunei attended the 9 ASEM meeting which been held in Vientiane in 2012. Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong also made an official visit to Brunei in 2013.

Economic relations
In 1999, both countries has signed a memorandum of understanding on the establishment of a Joint Commission for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC). While a MoU on sports co-operation been signed in 2013. Both countries also in the process to setting up a barter trade agreement where both countries can exchange their locally produced products in accordance with the needs of the two countries.

Further reading
 Congratulatory messages on Lao National Day The Brunei Times
 Brunei-Laos ties further strengthened Embassy of Laos in Austria
 Brunei, Laos to further enhance ties RTB News
 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM'S BILATERAL MEETING WITH CAMBODIA, LAOS, MYANMAR AND SINGAPORE Ministry of Defence Brunei

References

Laos
Bilateral relations of Laos


title: Pesticide research

text:
Early twenty-first century pesticide research has focused on developing molecules that combine low use rates and that are more selective, safer, resistance-breaking and cost-effective. Obstacles include increasing pesticide resistance and an increasingly stringent regulatory environment.

The sources of new molecules employ natural products, competitors, universities, chemical vendors, combinatorial chemistry libraries, intermediates from projects in other indications and compound collections from pharmaceutical and animal health companies.

History

Along with improved agrochemicals, seeds, fertilizers, mechanization, and precision farming, improved protection of crops from weeds, insects and other threats is highly sought. Developments over the past 1960-2013 period enabled reduced use rates, in the cases of the sulfonylurea herbicides (5), the  fungicides, and the emamectin insecticides and acaricides, reaching 99%, with concomitant environmental improvements.

The rate of new molecule introductions has declined. The costs to bring a new molecule to market have risen from U.S. $152 million in 1995 to $256 million in 2005, as the number of compounds synthesized to deliver one new market introduction rose from 52,500 in 1995 to 140,000 in 2005.

New active ingredient registrations with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over the 1997–2010 period included biological (B), natural product (NP), synthetic (S) and synthetic natural derived (SND) substances. Combining conventional pesticides and biopesticides, NPs accounted for the majority of registrations, with 35.7%, followed by S with 30.7%, B with 27.4% and SND with 6.1%.

Research process

Candidate molecules are optimized through a design-synthesis-test-analysis cycle. While compounds eventually are tested on the target . However, in vitro assays are becoming more common.

Parallels with pharmaceuticals

Agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals may operate via the same processes. In several cases, a homologous enzyme/receptor is addressed, and can potentially be of use in both contexts. One example is the triazole antimycotics or fungicides. However, the chemical environments encountered en route from the application site to the target generally require differing physicochemical properties, while the unit costs are generally much lower. Agrochemicals typically have a lower number of hydrogen bond donors. For example, over 70% of insecticides have no hydrogen bond donor, and over 90% of herbicides have two or fewer. Desirable agrochemicals have residual activity and persistence of effect lasting up to several weeks to allow large spray intervals. The majority of heterocycles found in agrochemicals are heteroaromatic.

Structure-based design

Structure-based design is a multidisciplinary process that is relatively new in  agrochemicals. As of 2013 no products on the market were the direct result of this approach. However, discovery programs have benefited from structure-based design, including that for scytalone dehydratase inhibitors as rice blast fungicides.

Structure-based design is appealing for crop researchers because of the many protein structures in the public domain, which increased from 13,600 to 92,700 between 200 and 2013. Many agrochemical crystals are now in the public domain. The structures of several interesting ion channels are now in the public domain. For example, the crystal structure of a glutamate-gated chloride channel in complex with ivermectin was reported in 2011 and represents a starting point for the design of novel insecticides. This structure led to a homology model for a related γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–gated chloride channel and a binding mode for the meta-diamides, another insecticide class.

Fragment- and target-based design

Techniques such as fragment-based design, virtual screening and genome sequencing have helped generate drug leads. Published examples of fragment-based agrochemical design have been comparatively rare, although the method was used to generate new ACC inhibitors. A combination of in silico fragment-based design with protein ligand crystal structures yielded synthetically amenable compounds. Common to all inhibitors is the  "warhead", whose interactions and position are well known from the strobilurin fungicides. Fragments were linked to the warhead to form a virtual library.

The likelihood of finding active analogs on the basis of a screen hit from a novel scaffold can be increased by virtual screening. Because the pharmacophore of the reference ligand is well defined, a virtual library of potential herbicidal inhibitors of the enzyme anthranilate synthase was generated by keeping the core scaffold constant and attaching different linkers. The scores obtained from docking studies ranked these molecules. Resulting novel compounds showed a primary hit rate of 10.9%, much higher than for conventional high-throughput screening. Other tools like three-dimensional (3D) shape, atom-type similarity, or 2D extended connectivity fingerprints also retrieve molecules of interest out of a database with a useful success rate. Scaffold-hopping is also efficiently achieved by virtual screening, with 2D and 3D variants providing the best results.

Genome-sequencing, gene knockout or antisense knockdown techniques have provided agrochemists with a method for validating potential new biochemical targets. However, genes such as avirulence genes are not essential for the organism and many potential targets lack known inhibitors. Examples of this procedure include the search for new herbicidal compounds of the nonmevalonate, such as the discovery of new inhibitors of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (IspD, Enzyme Commission (EC) number 2.7.7.60) with the best expressing a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 140 nM in the greenhouse at . Thanks to an x-ray crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana, IspD enzyme cocrystallized with the inhibitor, a more potent inhibitor with an IC50 of 35 nM was designed. Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) inhibitors were also found. Three hundred thousand compounds were tested against the SHMT enzyme, producing 24 hits. Among those hits, a subclass was followed with in vivo screening and compounds were promoted to field trials.

Plant activation

Plant activators are compounds that activate a plant's immune system in response to invasion by pathogens. They play a crucial role in crop survival. Unlike pesticides, plant activators are not pathogen specific and are not affected by drug resistance, making them ideal for use in agriculture. Wet-rice farmers across East Asia use plant activators as a sustainable means to enhance crop health.

The activation of plant responses is often associated with arrested growth and reductions in yield, for reasons that remain unclear. The molecular mechanisms governing plant activators are largely unknown.

Screening can distinguish compounds that independently induce immune responses from those that do so exclusively in the presence of some pathogen. Independent activators can be toxic to cells. Others enhance resistance only in the presence of pathogens. In 2012, five activators that protected against Pseudomonas bacteria by priming immune response without directly activating defense genes. The compounds inhibit two enzymes that inactivate the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA glucosyltransferases or SAGTs), providing enhanced disease resistance.

References

Further reading

Crop protection
Pesticides