title: Hail, Caesar!

text:
Hail, Caesar! is a 2016  period black comedy film written, produced, edited, and directed by the brothers Joel and Ethan Coen. An American-British co-production, the film stars Josh Brolin, George Clooney, Alden Ehrenreich, Ralph Fiennes, Jonah Hill, Scarlett Johansson, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton, and Channing Tatum, with Michael Gambon as the narrator. It is a fictional story that follows the real-life studio fixer Eddie Mannix (Brolin), working in the Hollywood film industry in the 1950s, trying to discover what happened to a star actor during the filming of a biblical epic.

First talked about by the Coens in 2004, Hail, Caesar! was originally to take place in the 1920s and follow actors performing a play about ancient Rome. The Coens shelved the idea until late-2013. Principal photography for the film began in November 2014 in Los Angeles, California. The film premiered at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on February 1, 2016, and was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on February 5.

Hail, Caesar! grossed $63 million worldwide on a $22 million budget and received positive reviews from critics. The film was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2016, and received Production Design nominations at the 89th Academy Awards and 70th British Academy Film Awards.

Plot
In 1951 Hollywood, Eddie Mannix is head of physical production at Capitol Pictures. His duties as the studio "fixer" find him covering up for its scandalous stars, fending off twin gossip columnists Thora and Thessaly Thacker, and weighing a generous job offer from the Lockheed Corporation. When unmarried synchronized swimming actress DeeAnna Moran becomes pregnant, Mannix arranges for Moran to place her baby in foster care then discreetly adopt it, preserving her career.

Baird Whitlock, the talented but dim-witted star of the studio's major production Hail, Caesar! A Tale of the Christ, is drugged and abducted. He awakens at a meeting of "The Future", a group of blacklisted Communist screenwriters, and is easily won over to their cause. The Future send a ransom note demanding $100,000 for Whitlock's return, which Mannix procures from the studio. He convinces Thora to withhold a story in exchange for information on singing Western film star Hobie Doyle.

Doyle has been hopelessly miscast in a sophisticated comedy of manners and, despite the efforts of director Laurence Laurentz, cannot overcome his thick Western American accent. When Laurentz requests Doyle's removal, Mannix convinces him to continue his coaching. Doyle admits to Mannix his trepidation about the role, but Mannix reassures him and confides in him about Whitlock's kidnapping.

That evening, Doyle attends the premiere of his latest Western with starlet Carlotta Valdez, as arranged by Mannix. The pair are accosted by the Thacker sisters, but Doyle spots the briefcase of ransom money, carried by musical star Burt Gurney. Mannix and Moran meet with surety agent Joseph Silverman, a trusted scapegoat for the studio, who agrees to foster Moran's child. His dependability proves immensely attractive to Moran. Doyle follows Gurney to The Future's beach house but finds only Whitlock inside. The Future have taken Gurney to rendezvous with a Soviet submarine and defect to the USSR, but lose the briefcase in the ocean. Doyle returns Whitlock to the studio as police arrive to arrest the group.

Whitlock spouts his newfound Communist beliefs to Mannix, who slaps Whitlock and orders him to "go out and be a star" and finish Hail, Caesar! The next morning, Mannix learns that Moran has married Silverman. Mannix declines Lockheed's offer, remaining at Capitol Pictures. Thora tells him that her column will reveal Whitlock won his role in an earlier picture by having sex with Laurentz, but Mannix tells her that if he exposes her source, Gurney—a Communist and recent Soviet defector—it will tarnish her reputation. Thora backs down from running the story and Mannix moves on, confident in his role in life.

Cast

Production

Development
The Coens first pitched the story to George Clooney in 1999 during the shooting of O Brother, Where Art Thou? Ethan Coen described it as a "thought experiment" rather than a viable project. The film was originally going to follow "a troupe of actors in the 1920s putting on a play about ancient Rome", with the focus on a matinée idol. Clooney was to play the main character, "a hammy actor with a pencil mustache". In February 2008, the Coens said the film had no script and was only an idea. They pitched it to Clooney as an opportunity to play a "numbskull" following his roles in O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), Intolerable Cruelty (2003) and Burn After Reading (2008).

The project was mentioned in a December 2013 interview about Inside Llewyn Davis. Joel Coen said they were working on Hail, Caesar!, and that it would likely be their next project. In May 2014, the Coens reconfirmed the film's development, with the plot now focused on a "fixer" working in the 1950s Hollywood film industry.

Historical context
Set in 1951, Hail, Caesar! takes place at a transitional time for the film industry. The studio system was breaking down, and a Supreme Court ruling had forced studios to divest their movie theaters. Television, then still in its early years, threatened to pull away audiences. The Cold War and the Red Scare were both under way. Hollywood responded with escapist fare: westerns, highly choreographed dance and aquatic spectacles, and Roman epics with massive casts.

In The Washington Post, Kristen Page-Kirby wrote that nostalgia for Hollywood's golden age is heavily filtered by time. "It's easy to look back at any part of the past and say, 'Yeah, that's how it should be today'. Hail, Caesar! uses the uniformly terrible fake movies within it to show that while we all remember 1946 for stuff like The Yearling and Notorious, it also gave us Tarzan and the Leopard Woman." The Coens cited their own examples of subpar films and performances from the era that they saw as television reruns while growing up: That Touch of Mink (1962), and Laurence Olivier co-starring with Charlton Heston in Khartoum (1966). "We loved that stuff. We just didn't realize we were watching crap", Joel Coen said.

Casting
In December 2013, the Coens confirmed that Clooney remained involved with the project. In June 2014, Josh Brolin, Channing Tatum, Ralph Fiennes, and Tilda Swinton joined the cast, Universal Pictures was announced to be distributing the film, and Eric Fellner and Tim Bevan signed on to produce the film for Working Title Films. In July, Jonah Hill and Scarlett Johansson entered talks to join the production. The next month, Johansson and Hill were confirmed to have joined the cast, and Alden Ehrenreich entered negotiations to star. In a September 2014 interview with The Daily Beast, Frances McDormand said she had a role in the film. In October, Patrick Fischler, David Krumholtz, and Fisher Stevens joined the cast as communist screenwriters, and Clancy Brown joined as an actor in the film within a film, also titled Hail, Caesar! The following month, Christopher Lambert was cast as Arne Slessum, a European filmmaker who has an affair with Johannson's character. In a November 2014 interview at the Ottawa Pop Expo, Robert Picardo said he had a role in the film and that he was set to begin filming in December. Also in November, Emily Beecham was said to have a role in the film. Norman Lloyd was considered for the part of philosopher Herbert Marcuse, but claimed that, owing to safety concerns regarding his centenarian age, the role ultimately went to the younger British comedian John Bluthal.

Costume design
Costume designer Mary Zophres began work 12 weeks ahead of shooting, researching period wardrobe from the late 1940s on the assumption that most people routinely wear clothes purchased over the past few years. She designed for a working film studio of the early 1950s, plus six genre films, each of which featured a major actor working on the set for about a week. Photos from the MGM library and the Academy of Motion Pictures and Sciences showed that film crews dressed more formally than today—no shorts or sneakers. Zophres produced about 15 boards of preliminary sketches, including "sculptural Technicolor gowns" for the ballroom drama inspired by the work of Charles James. Her double-breasted suit for Brolin was intended to blend with his skin tone, his moustache was styled after Walt Disney's, his hair was permed, and his character alone wore a fedora. Zophres modeled Tatum's look on Troy Donahue and Tyrone Power. The costumes in Ben Hur in particular served as references for the gladiator sequences, although Zophres employed the contemporary technique of using painted hard plastic foam instead of metal. The film ultimately required more than 2,500 costumes, including 170 Roman extras, 120 Israelites and about 45 slaves. About 500 of the costumes were custom-made. Toward the end of the shoot, the scope of the project overtook the budget, and Zophres completed some of the sewing herself.

Filming and locations
In October 2014, Roger Deakins posted on his website that he would be the film's cinematographer and was shooting test footage. Principal photography on the film began in Los Angeles, California, on November 10, 2014. According to the Los Angeles Times, the Coen brothers' decision to film in Los Angeles increased filming activity in the city, which had previously been down by "a double-digit percentage... in the fourth quarter [of 2014]". In December, Clooney was photographed in full Roman regalia while filming scenes in Downtown Los Angeles.

Tatum dyed his hair blond for his role as a tap-dancing sailor, one of five in the "No Dames!" sequence set in the Swingin' Dinghy bar. Tatum had danced hip-hop and street, not tap, but worked without a double after much training. Other dancers came from Broadway, including Clifton Samuels, who said the scene's greatest challenge was not Christopher Gattelli's choreography per se, but maintaining the style of the period "in which the dancers must stay on the balls of their feet." A split-screen scene from the That's Entertainment! trilogy influenced the Coens' decision to widen the shot to reveal film crew members pushing the set into place.

Hail, Caesar! was the first movie that Deakins shot on film since True Grit in 2010. The Coens themselves had said that their previous movie, Inside Llewyn Davis, would probably be their last use of the medium. But with Hail, Caesar!s classic Hollywood theme making film an obvious choice, Deakins agreed to give it one more try. "I don't mind", he recalled saying, "I'll shoot it on a cell phone if you like." Ultimately, film proved a limited palette due to the narrowing choices of stocks and processing options in the wake of digital cinematography. Deakins did not recall encountering those kinds of problems on earlier projects. "But it makes me nervous now. I don't want to do that again, frankly. I don't think the infrastructure's there."

Southern California locations were used throughout the film, presenting a challenge to location manager John Panzarella. He noted that "period locations are disappearing fast", including several employed in an earlier film he scouted, the 1997 Oscar-winning L.A. Confidential. The Warner Bros. studio, which has retained its vintage buildings, stood in for most of the fictitious Capitol Pictures Productions after trailers, electrical hookups, and other contemporary fixtures were removed. Union Station in downtown Los Angeles was used for some studio exteriors. The synchronized swimming scene with Johansson was choreographed and directed by Mesha Kussman, and performed by the Aqualillies, a Los Angeles-based group of professional synchronized swimmers. They worked at the water tank on Stage 30 at Sony Pictures Studios; the tank was also used for Esther Williams films and was under restoration until a week before shooting. The wood-paneled conference room where Mannix vets the movie with religious leaders was filmed at the Cravens Estate's drawing room in Pasadena. The office of general counsel Sid Siegelstein was shot at a 1929 building in Los Angeles's Arts District later owned by Southwestern Bag Company. The building was designed by the same architecture firm as UCLA's Royce Hall.

Locations for scenes beyond Capitol Pictures included the Appian Way scenes, shot at the Big Sky Movie Ranch in Simi Valley, and the western sequence, filmed at Vasquez Rocks Natural Area Park. The well of Jehoshaphat sequence was shot at Bronson Canyon, formerly a quarry, in Griffith Park. The nightclub interiors, the scene of Carlotta and Hobie's date, was shot at the Hollywood Palladium, with the exterior at the Fonda Theatre and some reverse shots at the Chapman Plaza in Koreatown. Carlotta's house exterior was filmed at a 1927 home in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles; this was also the locale for The Good Luck Bar, which stood in for the Imperial Gardens Chinese restaurant. The movie premiere was shot in the Los Angeles Theatre, selected for its spacious lobby.

Post-production
Digital effects for Hail, Caesar! encompassed three areas: standard effects like Ehrenreich's lasso tricks, period effects including a matte painting of Rome that referenced the 1951 film Quo Vadis, and effects intended to blur the line between a 2016 film and the vintage movie-making techniques it portrays. Examples of the latter include a green screen car sequence made to look as if it employed the older technique of rear projection, and the submarine sequence, which employed computer graphics that suggested the use of miniatures. "It was important that the sub not look silly", said effects supervisor Dan Schrecker, whereas "the whole point of that Rome matte painting was that it was ridiculous". The burning film frame in McDormand's Moviola scene was created by Sam Spreckley, a Scottish visual artist who experiments with the technique. The special effects of the beach house on the bluff were meant as an homage to North by Northwest.

Music and soundtrack album
The soundtrack album for the film, Hail Caesar!: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, features the original score by Carter Burwell and an original song, "No Dames!", performed by Channing Tatum. Back Lot Music released the film's soundtrack album on digital download and physical formats on February 5, 2016. Burwell also wrote original songs along with Henry Krieger and Willie Reale.

Release
Hail, Caesar! had its world premiere at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on February 1, 2016. The film also screened at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2016. The film was theatrically released by Universal Pictures in the United Kingdom on March 4, 2016 and in the United States on February 5, 2016. Universal Home Entertainment released Hail, Caesar! on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016, in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Reception

Box office
Hail, Caesar! grossed $30.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $33.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $63.2 million against a production budget of $22 million.

The film was released in North America on February 5, 2016, alongside Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and The Choice, and was projected to gross $9–11 million from 2,231 theaters in its opening weekend. Hail, Caesar! made $4.3 million on its first day (including $543,000 from Thursday night previews). The film went on to gross $11.4 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office behind Kung Fu Panda 3 ($21.2 million). In its second weekend, it grossed $6.4 million (a 44% drop), finishing 6th at the box office.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 86% based on 361 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Packed with period detail and perfectly cast, Hail, Caesar! finds the Coen brothers delivering an agreeably lightweight love letter to post-war Hollywood." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

The New Yorker's Richard Brody called the film "a comedy, and a scintillating, uproarious one, filled with fast and light touches of exquisite incongruity in scenes that have the expansiveness of relaxed precision, performed and timed with the spontaneous authority of jazz." In the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan called the film a "droll tribute to and spoof of Hollywood past [that] amuses from beginning to end with its site specific re-creation of the studio system and the movies that made it famous." The Coens were "helped enormously by a splendid and committed ensemble cast."

John Anderson of The Wall Street Journal wrote: "A dispiritingly vitriolic, only sporadically funny satire of '50s Hollywood, Hail, Caesar! verifies a suspicion long held here, that the Coen brothers, Joel and Ethan, really hate the movies. Their central character, Eddie Mannix...is being wooed by Lockheed. Better hours. Better pay. Lifetime employment. Fewer nut jobs. And work that wouldn't be quite so... frivolous. The movie makes a strong case that the Coen brothers feel the same way. You start to wonder why you're sitting there watching."

The Atlantic associate editor David Sims concluded the opposite. Coen protagonists, he wrote, sometimes ask questions of higher powers—and receive no answer. "In Hail, Caesar! the answer is given, and it's as hopeful as one could expect from the Coens: Cinema's somber, weighty moments matter, but equally crucial are the frivolous, joyful bits of entertainment—watching Channing Tatum tap-dance on a table, or George Clooney ramble overwritten monologues."

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times wrote that Hail, Caesar! falls between the filmmakers' masterworks and duds. "It's a typically sly, off-center comedy, once again set against the machinery of the motion-picture business. And, as usual with the Coens, it has more going on than there might seem, including in its wrangling over God and ideology, art and entertainment."

Richard Roeper gave the film four out of four stars, calling it one of his favorite movies ever made about making movies. IGN gave the film 7.7/10, saying, "Hail, Caesar! may not be one of the Coen Brothers' finest efforts—and it might not engage viewers beyond Los Angeles or those who truly understand or work in the film industry—but it's nevertheless a fun, charming, and oft-hilarious take on Hollywood's Golden Age." In The Village Voice, Melissa Anderson praised the performances, but found that the tone and humor of the film "too often goes flat."

Audience response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C−" on an A+ to F scale. 52% of the opening day audience were males while 84% were over 25, with both demographics giving the film a "D+" grade, while those over 50 years old gave the film a grade of "D−". Filmgoers polled by comScore's PostTrak service gave the film a 66% overall positive score and just a 40% "definite recommend".

Accolades

Notes

References

External links

 Animated teasers, commissioned by Universal for social media
 Official screenplay

2016 films
2010s comedy mystery films
American comedy mystery films
British comedy mystery films
2010s English-language films
Films about actors
Films about Hollywood, Los Angeles
Films directed by the Coen brothers
Films produced by Eric Fellner
Films produced by Tim Bevan
Films scored by Carter Burwell
Films set in California
Films set in studio lots
Films set in 1951
Films shot in Los Angeles
Universal Pictures films
Working Title Films films
2016 comedy films
Cold War films
Films about communism
Films about filmmaking
Films about films
2010s American films
2010s British films


title: Brigitte Muir

text:
Brigitte Leonce Suzanne Muir  (born 8 September 1958) is a Belgian-born Australian mountain climber. Her climbing career spanned over thirty years.

Early life and education
Muir was born Brigitte Koch in Ougrée, Belgium.

Climbing career

In 1986, she made, with husband at the time Jon Muir and friend Graeme Hill, the first ascent of the South West Pillar of Shivling in Northern India.

In 1997, she became the first Australian woman to summit Mount Everest and the first Australian, male or female, to climb the Seven Summits (the highest summit on each of the continents).

In 1998, Penguin (Viking) published her autobiography, The Wind in My Hair.

In 2008, SBS broadcast The Eighth Summit, a documentary directed and produced by wife and husband team Anne and Wayne Tindall, and based on Brigitte’s life.

After her career in mountaineering and adventure, Brigitte became a film maker and an inspirational speaker. She now leads community building treks in her beloved village of Lura in Eastern Nepal, where she started a women’s literacy and empowerment program.

Awards and Citations
Australian Geographic Society Spirit of Adventure Awards, 1997
Australia Day Achievers Award 1998
Order of Australia Medal, for services to mountaineering, 2000
Centenary Medal, For service to Australia through mountaineering, 2001
First Victorian Honour Roll of Women, 2001

Bibliography
Ross MacDowell, Inside Story. 20 Famous Australians Tell Their Story, Hobson Dell, Brighton,2001
Susan Geason, Australian Heroines, stories of courage and survival, ABC Books, Sydney, 2001
Martin Flanagan, Faces in the Crowd, One Day Hill, 2004
Everest. Reflections from the Top. Edited by Christine Gee, Garry Weare and Margaret Gee, Rider, 2003.

References

Other sources
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130430153031/http://www.curriculum.edu.au/cce/default.asp?id=17576
 http://www.girlsoutdoors.org/profiles/brigitte_muir_-_mountaineering/
 http://whoswhowomen.com.au/profile/brigitte-muir/

External links
 www.beyondthesmile.net

1958 births
Living people
Australian mountain climbers
Australian summiters of Mount Everest
Belgian emigrants to Australia
People from Seraing
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Australian female climbers


title: Jayanta

text:
Jayanta (, "victory"), is a character who appears in Hindu literature. He is the son of Indra, the king of the devas (gods), and his wife, Shachi (Indrani). He has a sister called Jayanti.

He appears in various Hindu scriptures, fighting in wars on behalf of the devas. Jayanta also appears in the epic Ramayana and other lore, in which he disguises himself as a crow.

Legends

Crow form
In the Sundara Kanda (the fifth Book of the epic Ramayana), when Hanuman meets Sita, she narrates an incident that happened in the forest in Chitrakuta. The prince of Ayodhya and an avatar of the god Vishnu, Rama, is exiled to the forest with his wife Sita (an avatar of Vishnu's wife, Lakshmi) and his brother, Lakshmana. A fatigued Rama was sleeping in the lap of Sita, when a crow attacked her. The crow pecks at her twice; once on her breast or between her breasts in some versions.

The Ramcharitmanas replaces the breast with feet. In a hurry to drive away the crow, she tries to fasten her garments, but ends up loosening them. Rama is awakened and recognises the crow, whose claws were dripping in blood, as the son of Indra. An enraged Rama, at the behest of Sita, picks a blade of grass and unleashes the divine weapon Brahmastra out of it on the crow, who flees in fear. The crow flies across the universe, but the weapon follows. Turned back by Indra, Brahma, Shiva, and various rishis (sages), the crow takes refuge in Rama, and surrenders to him. The son of Indra requests pardon, but Rama says that the Brahmastra cannot be withdrawn. So, the son of Indra asks it to hit the crow's right eye, and he is left half-blind. While Jayanta is not explicitly named in the episode, various commentaries on the epic like the Tilaka and the Bhushana by Govindaraja identify Jayanta as the "son of Indra"; some other commentaries do not identify any individual son of Indra. Govindaraja remarks only Jayanta is known as the son of Indra.

Besides the Ramayana, Jayanta is said to have assumed the form of the crow in some versions of the Samudra Manthana episode. A pot of amrita (elixir of life) emerged from the churning of the ocean by the devas and the asuras. The asuras seized the pot, but Jayanta took it from them in the guise of a crow. Pursued by the asuras, he is regarded to have flown for twelve days without rest. He stopped at four locations on earth: Prayaga (in modern Prayagraj), Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik, where the Kumbha Mela is celebrated every twelve years in remembrance of the incident.

Deva warrior
The Uttara Kanda, the final book of the Ramayana, describes a battle between Indra and the rakshasa king Ravana. While Indra battles Ravana, Jayanta fights with Ravana's son, Meghanada. A fierce battle ensues between Jayanta and Meghanada; ultimately Ravana's son strikes Jayanta, who falls unconscious. In the confusion, Puloman, his maternal grandfather, takes Jayanta away from the battlefield, unseen by anyone and hides him in the ocean. Indra presumes Jayanta dead, and fights more powerfully, but Meghanada defeats him too.

Jayanta is also described to fight in the battle between the devas and asuras in the Padma Purana.

The Harivamsa mentions a battle between Indra and the god Krishna to acquire the celestial tree, Pārijātapuṣpa, from Indra's realm. Jayanta is described battling Krishna's son Pradyumna, and is defeated.

In the Skanda Purana, Jayanta is defeated by the asura Surapadman, who is finally killed by the commander-in-chief of the devas, Skanda.

Bamboo curse
The Vayu Purana narrates a tale wherein Jayanta is cursed and turned into a bamboo. This tale is also told in context of devadasi lore, with some variations. Once, the sage Agastya arrived in Indra's court, and was welcomed by Indra, organising a dance performance of the apsara Urvashi. In the performance, Urvashi and Jayanta looked into each other's eyes in love. The distracted Urvashi missed a beat, and the dance went haywire. An agitated Agastya cursed Urvashi to be born on earth as a devadasi, and Jayanta to become a bamboo tree in the Vindhya mountains. The duo bowed in reverence, and prayed for mercy. The sage said that the curse would end when Urvashi is presented with a talaikole (a bamboo staff, Jayanta) on her dance debut (Arangetram). As ordained, the lovers were released from the curse and returned to Svarga, where Urvashi got united with Jayanta as the bamboo staff.

References

Notes

Hindu gods


title: Tawqa Urqu

text:
Tawqa Urqu (Quechua tawqa heap, pile, urqu mountain, "heap mountain",  Hispanicized spelling Tauca, Tauja Orjo) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Paruro Province, Ccapi District, south of the Apurímac River.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region


title: Isoceras saxicola

text:
Isoceras saxicola is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Hugo Theodor Christoph in 1885. It is found in Azerbaijan and Iran.

References

Cossinae
Moths described in 1885
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe


title: James J. Maher

text:
James J. Maher, C.M. (born in Maywood, New Jersey), is an American Catholic priest and academic administrator. He is Niagara University's 26th president since being named such on August 1, 2013. He succeeded Joseph L. Levesque.

Education
In 1984, Maher received a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from St. John's University. In 1989 he obtained a Master of Divinity and in 1990 a Master of Theology from Mary Immaculate Seminary, followed by a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) from the Immaculate Conception Seminary School of Theology in 2004.

Career
Maher pronounced his vows to the Vincentian community in May 1989 and was ordained to the priesthood on May 26, 1990.

Since then, he has been Campus Minister (1994–1999), Vice President for University Ministry (1999-2005), Vice President for Student Affairs (2004-2010), executive director of the Vincentian Institute for Social Action (2009-2010) and Executive Vice President for Mission and Student Services (2011-2013) at St. John's University.

References

20th-century American Roman Catholic priests
Living people
Mary Immaculate Seminary alumni
People from Maywood, New Jersey
Presidents of Niagara University
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
Vincentians
Catholics from New Jersey
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Roman Catholic priests


title: Prayaga College

text:
Prayaga College, estd. in the year 1988 is College that situates in the heart of Nayarambalam village in Vyppin Island, in the state of Kerala, India. Approximately 1200 students currently studying in this college. A wing of Prayaga - Prayaga Computer Academy (PCA) - provides professional computer education in the island. The current Principal and the Director is Mr. P. T. Prakasan MA.

References

External links
Prayaga College on Facebook

Colleges in Kerala
Universities and colleges in Kochi
Educational institutions established in 1988
1988 establishments in Kerala


title: Corruption in Croatia

text:
Croatia has severe problems with corruption, and among European Union member states, it is one of the top 5 most corrupt countries.

In order to qualify as a member of the European Union, Croatia has taken some measures to combat corruption. The legal and institutional framework as well as government agencies are addressing the issue of corruption in a much larger scale, and the inter-agency cooperation for corruption prevention has also increased, but these efforts are facing the large obstacle of an inefficient and corrupt judicial system. USKOK has  prosecuted 2,000 individuals and achieved a 95% conviction rate (2012) (although convictions rarely resulted with prison sentences), including former Prime Minister Ivo Sanader.

Several civil servants in the Croatian Privatization Fund, the Zagreb land registry and the Zagreb taxation headquarters, among others, were arrested on charges of bribery. Moreover, several high-profile corruption cases have come to light, including investigations of a former defense minister and a former deputy prime minister.

A 2013 Global Corruption Barometer report by Transparency International showed that 41% of respondents believe that the level of corruption increased in Croatia.

Transparency International's 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index scored the country at 50 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Croatia ranked 57th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.  For comparison, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), and the worst score was 12 (ranked 180).

See also
 Privatization in Croatia
 Business Anti-Corruption Portal
 Ankica Lepej - first prominent whistleblower case

References

Further reading

Croatia
Crime in Croatia by type
Politics of Croatia
Corruption in Croatia


title: Vistara

text:
Tata SIA Airlines Limited, operating as Vistara, is an Indian full-service airline, based in Gurugram, with its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport. The carrier, a joint venture between Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines, commenced operations on 9 January 2015 with its inaugural flight between Delhi and Mumbai. The airline had carried more than two million passengers by June 2016 and as of April 2023, has a 8.7% share of the domestic carrier market, making it the 2nd largest domestic airline, behind IndiGo. The airline serves 34 destinations with a fleet of Airbus A320neo, Airbus A321neo and Boeing 787-9 aircraft.

History
The airline was founded in 2013 as a joint venture (JV) between India's conglomerate Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines (SIA). The two companies had made a bid in the mid-1990s to launch a full-service carrier in India that was unsuccessful, being denied regulatory approval by the Indian government. With India opening up its airline sector for 49 percent foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2012, Tata and SIA once again decided to float a JV airline company in India. The JV, Tata SIA Airlines Limited (TSAL), was envisaged as a premium full-service carrier to cater to the demands of high-end business travellers in India's civil aviation market dominated by low-cost carriers. India's Foreign Investment Promotion Board approved the JV in October 2013, allowing SIA to take a 49 percent stake in the airline. The two parent companies initially pledged to invest a combined  as start-up capital, with Tata Sons owning 51 percent and Singapore Airlines owning the remaining 49 percent. This was part of Tata's second major foray into the aviation sector along with a minority stake in AirAsia India. The company's first venture, Tata Airlines, was established in the 1930s and later became the flag carrier Air India after nationalization.

The company unveiled its brand identity "Vistara" on 11 August 2014. The name was taken from the Sanskrit word vistāra, meaning "limitless expanse". Vistara received its air operator's certificate from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation on 15 December 2014 and started operations on 9 January 2015. Vistara became the first carrier to operate domestic services out of the new Terminal 2 at Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport. On 24 August 2015, Vistara inaugurated the Aviation Security Training Institute, an in-house institute for training its cockpit and cabin crew, security staff and others related to aviation industry. The institute has secured the necessary approvals from the nodal body Bureau of Civil Aviation Security. From the first month of operation, Vistara consistently achieved very high on-time performance records of over 90 percent, the highest among India's domestic carriers. On 20 August 2015, Vistara declared it had carried half a million passengers in just over seven months of operations. As of February 2016, Vistara has a share of 2% in the domestic carrier market. Vistara recently received the membership of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), joining the association of more than 280 airlines around the world that represents, leads and serves the airline industry. With this, Vistara becomes one of the select few airlines in India to have the IATA membership.

Vistara announced on 11 July 2019 that their first international destination would be Singapore. The airline started its first international service from Delhi to Singapore and Mumbai to Singapore on 6 and 7 August respectively using the Boeing 737-800 NG which was earlier used by Jet Airways.

On 29 February 2020, the airline took the delivery of its first wide-body Boeing 787-9, becoming the first Indian airline to operate this aircraft and yet to receive five more such aircraft. On 28 May 2020, the airline operated its first commercial flight on Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner on Delhi-Kolkata route. On 28 August the same year, the airline started its first intercontinental flight between Delhi and London Heathrow.

After the acquisition of Air India by the Tata group in January 2022, sources reported the chances of a merger between Vistara and Air India. In November 2022, Tata Group and Singapore Airlines confirmed the merger of two airlines into single airline. According to the merger plan, Singapore Airlines will take up to 25.1% of the stake in the airline. The merger is expected to be completed by March 2024.

On 4 May 2023, Vistara operated their Boeing 787-9 aircraft between Delhi and Mumbai with a mixture of 17%  sustainable aviation fuel and 83% jet fuel which cut down  emissions by 4500 kg. This was India's first commercial flight with sustainable aviation fuel.

In February 2023, Air India CEO Campbell Wilson announced that the Vistara Airlines brand would be dropped and merged with Air India in a few months.

On 2 September 2023, CCI has approved the merger of Vistara with Air India.

Corporate affairs
On 15 April 2014, Vistara chose Phee Teik Yeoh as the chief executive officer (CEO) and Giam Ming Toh as the chief commercial officer (CCO), both from Singapore Airlines.

In March 2015, Vistara shifted to its new office at the One Horizon Center tower in Sector 43, Gurgaon, a satellite city of Delhi.  Initially it started out with a three-member board comprising Swee Wah Mak (SIA group), Mukund Rajan and Prasad Menon (Tata group), with the latter as chairman. In August 2015, the airline expanded the board by introducing two new members, Som Mittal and Sangeeta Pendurkar, along with an equity infusion of , part of  initially planned by Tata and SIA together. In January 2016, Bhaskar Bhat, present managing director of Titan, joined as the new chairman following Prasad Menon's retirement. In March 2016, Vistara appointed Sanjiv Kapoor as its chief strategy and commercial officer as the successor to Giam Ming Toh who was scheduled to leave in mid-April 2016 following completion of his deputation at Vistara.

On 16 October 2017, it was announced that Leslie Thng would succeed Yeoh Phee Teik as CEO of Vistara. Yeoh returned to Singapore Airlines to take up a senior management role as Acting Senior Vice President of Customer Experience. Thng was serving as Chief Commercial Officer of Budget Aviation Holdings, a Singapore Airlines subsidiary, prior to his appointment in Vistara. Before that, Thng was the chief executive officer of SilkAir, a full-service regional airline under Singapore Airlines. Sanjiv Kapoor resigned from his position as the Chief Commercial Officer of Vistara, on 31 December 2019, with Vinod Kannan, the Chief Strategy Officer, taking up Kapoor's responsibilities.

Destinations

As of November 2021, Vistara serves 43 destinations across 12 countries. Its main hub is at the Indira Gandhi International Airport. Vistara's first flight was on 9 January 2015, from Delhi to Mumbai. On 6 August 2019, the airline launched its first international flight from Delhi to Singapore using a Boeing 737-800NG aircraft which was earlier used by Jet Airways.

Codeshare agreements
Vistara codeshares with the following airlines:
 Air Canada
 British Airways
 Japan Airlines
 Lufthansa
 Singapore Airlines
 Swiss International Air Lines
 United Airlines

Interline agreements
Vistara has interline agreements with the following airlines:

 Aeroflot
 Air France
 Air Mauritius
 Air India
 All Nippon Airways
 American Airlines
 Asiana Airlines
 British Airways
 Emirates
 Ethiopian Airlines
 Finnair
 flydubai
 Gulf Air
 ITA Airways
 Japan Airlines
 Kam Air
 Kenya Airways
 KLM
 Kuwait Airways
 Qatar Airways
 Singapore Airlines
 SriLankan Airlines
 Turkish Airlines
 United Airlines

Fleet

, Vistara operates the following aircraft:

Vistara took delivery of its first aircraft at New Delhi on 25 September 2014. The airline took delivery of the last of its thirteen original Airbus A320 aircraft in October 2016 and plans to receive its seven Airbus A320neo aircraft by mid-2018. In March 2015, Phee Teik Yeoh announced that the airline was planning to procure an unspecified number of both narrow-body and wide-body aircraft to enhance the domestic network and launch international flights within two years. Vistara inducted nine former Jet Airways Boeing 737-800NG to its fleet following its grounding. Vistara returned two of these planes in January 2020 and the remaining seven will exit the fleet between 2022 and 2023 as they are on long-term leases.
Vistara has a standing order of six 787-9 aircraft with Boeing, for delivery between 2020 and 2021. The first of these Dreamliners were delivered in February 2020 and the second one in August 2020. The airline, which currently has 50 planes, aims to have 70 planes by the end of 2023 after taking into account some aircraft that will be returned to lessors. Vistara retired their last 737-800NG in July 2023.

Services

Cabin

Business class
On the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner, Vistara offers 30 Stelia seats in a 1-2-1 configuration. Every seat is able to recline into a full flatbed, and is upholstered in leather. The seats have 44 inches seat pitch with 76 inches length when in full flatbed. The seats also come with a personal stowage compartments, AC and USB outlet, 18-inch HD touchscreen monitor, remote handset for navigating the IFE and controlling the ambient lighting.

Vistara has 8 business class seats, two rows in 2-2 configuration, in its 158-seater Airbus A320-200 fleet. The seats are  wide with  seat pitch.

Premium Economy
Vistara is the first airline in India to introduce Premium Economy class in the domestic market.

At present, it offers 24 premium economy seats, four rows in 3-3 configuration, out of total 158 seats in the single aisle Airbus A320-200 aircraft in its fleet. Each being  wide and having a pitch of .

On the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner, it has 21 RECARO seats in a 2-3-2 configuration. The seats are upholstered in leather, with 38 inches of seat pitch and 7 inches recline. These seats come with individually adjustable calf rests and extendable footrests, as well as six-way adjustable headrests. The seats also have AC and USB power outlet, and an IFE with a 13 inches HD touchscreen.

Economy

On the Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner, Vistara has 248 seats, manufactured by RECARO. They are in a 3-3-3 configuration, with 31 inches of seat pitch, as well as 5 inches of recline. These seats also have a 12 inches HD personal entertainment screen, six-way adjustable headrest and USB power outlets.

In-flight entertainment
Vistara World is the airline's wireless Wi-Fi inflight entertainment system that travellers can access on their personal handheld devices. Vistara selected a wireless IFE solution from Bluebox Aviation Systems to enable this service. It offers a multimedia library of over 70 hours’ Bollywood and Hollywood content of various genres. It features movies of various categories such as Drama, Romance, Comedy, Thriller, Action, Adventure and Kids, as well as popular Indian and Western TV programs and a selection of music including Indian, Pop, Jazz, Blues, Rock, Electronica and English Retro. Vistara World offers a live moving map display that allows one to track their aircraft as it flies.

Catering
The in-flight food is catered by TajSATS Air Catering, another joint venture between Tata and a Singaporean company, headed by Chef Arun Batra, formerly the executive chef of the Taj Hotels group. Vistara offers four different meals for each cabin for different time of the day – breakfast, refreshment, lunch and dinner with options of one vegetarian and one non-vegetarian dish in economy class; two vegetarian dishes and one non-vegetarian dish in premium economy; and two vegetarian and two non-vegetarian dishes for business-class cabin. The menu is typically changed every seventh day and there are different menus for lunch and dinner. It also provides special meals upon request 24 hours before departure.

Lounge
On 29 March 2016, Vistara inaugurated premium lounge service for its Business-class passengers and Club Vistara Platinum & Gold members at the departure level of Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport at Delhi. The lounge is spread across 250 square meters on the air-side and can seat 75 people at a time.

With effect from 1 April 2020, Vistara has discontinued its Flagship Lounge at Terminal 3 of Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi. Vistara now provides lounge access to their eligible guests at the Plaza Premium Lounge at the Mezzanine Floor of Delhi Airport Terminal 3.

Frequent-flyer program
Vistara uses Club Vistara as its frequent-flyer program; it operates as a value-based program and awards points on the basis of money spent on tickets rather than miles travelled by passengers. On 29 January 2015, Vistara announced a partnership agreement with Singapore Airlines which would allow Club Vistara members to earn and redeem miles with the KrisFlyer program on Singapore Airlines flights.

See also
 List of airlines of India
 List of airports in India
 Aviation in India

References

External links

Airlines established in 2013
Airlines of India
Companies based in Gurgaon
Singapore Airlines
2013 establishments in Haryana
Indian brands
Tata Airlines
Indian companies established in 2013
Announced mergers and acquisitions


title: Purnima Sethi

text:
Purnima Sethi  (1954–2012)  was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Delhi. She was elected to Delhi Legislative Assembly from  Kalkaji (Delhi Assembly constituency) and served as a minister in Government of Delhi in 1998.

References

State cabinet ministers of Delhi
Women members of the Delhi Legislative Assembly
1954 births
2012 deaths
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Women state cabinet ministers of India
Delhi MLAs 1993–1998


title: Rowan Crothers

text:
Rowan Crothers OAM (born 24 October 1997) is an Australian freestyle swimmer.  He represented Australia at the 2016 Rio Paralympics and the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics. He won two gold and one silver medals at the Tokyo Paralympics.

Personal life
Crothers was born 15 weeks prematurely on 24 October 1997 in Gosford on the New South Wales Central Coast and currently lives in Moorooka, Queensland.

Rowan attended Newmarket State School, Kelvin Grove State College and St Laurence's College. He attempted to undertake tertiary studies at Griffith University however he decided he would prefer to not continue at university.

Crothers' prematurity resulted in him developing cerebral palsy due to IVH, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia causing permanent lung scarring.
Rowan's Cerebral Palsy (spastic diplegia) impacts his coordination and motor control predominantly in his lower body, however his upper body is also affected to a lesser extent. Crothers requires a vehicle modified with hand controls to legally drive and is currently working towards obtaining a full licence. In the pool, CP impacts the effectiveness of his kick and ability to control body positioning. He has worked consistently on perfecting a propulsion style to make the most out of what coordination he has.

Rowan has been a member of the Yeronga Park Swim Club since 2012 where he initially trained under Rick Van Der Zant. He is currently trained by Kate Sparkes. Notable members of his training squad include or have included Ryan Pini, Lorna Tonks and Chelsea Gubecka.

Crothers features in the 2020 documentary No Distinguishing Features which .." follows the stories of six people living with disabilities from across Australia and New Zealand. Six people who were given a strict roadmap for their life the moment they were born. Six people who went on to tear that roadmap to shreds."

Career
Crothers made his international swimming debut as a 13-year-old at the 2011 Arafura Games where he claimed a bronze medal in the Men's 400 m MC freestyle and broke 4 Australian National Age Records in the 50m, 100 m, 200 m and 400 m freestyle events in the S9 classification. He went on to claim S9 Australian National Age Records in freestyle as a 13, 14, 15 and 16 year old in the 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and the 400 m freestyle.

At the 2013 Australian Short Course Championships Rowan broke the men's S9 World Record for the 400 m SC freestyle.

In 2014 at the Australian Swimming Championships, Crothers broke World Records in the S9 100 m freestyle twice, and another in the S9 200 m freestyle. These swims qualified him for the 2014 Australian Commonwealth Games Swim Team and the 2014 Para Pan Pacs Team. Crothers went on to win Gold at the 2014 Commonwealth Games breaking his own World Record

In 2016 Crothers was reclassified from S9 to S10 which was a major adjustment. He went on to compete at the 2016 Rio Paralympics in four events and qualified for the finals in each. He placed fifth in the Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle (34 points), sixth in Men's 400 m Freestyle S10, fifth in Men's 100 m Freestyle S10 and sixth in Men's 50 m Freestyle S10.

At the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships, he won the bronze medals in the Men's 50 m and 100 m Freestyle S10.

In 2021 Crothers swam at the delayed 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games winning gold in the 50 m Freestyle S10 with a time of 23.21, and silver in the 100 m Freestyle S10 with a time of 51,37. Crothers won gold in the Men's 4×100 m freestyle 34 pts along with William Martin, Matt Levy and Ben Popham, breaking the current World Record by almost 2 seconds.

Crothers won two gold medals - Men's 50 m Freestyle  and Men's 100m Freestyle at the 2022 World Para Swimming Championships, Madeira.

Winning Performances

International Competition Medals

2011 Arafura Games inc. Oceanic Paralympic Championships

Bronze - Men's 400 LC Meter Freestyle Multi-Class

2013 IPC Swimming World Championships - Montreal

Gold – Men's 34pt 4 × 100 m freestyle relay

Bronze - S9 Male 100m freestyle

2014 Commonwealth Games

Gold – S9 Male 100m freestyle (WR)

2018 Pan Pacific Para Swimming Championships

Gold – Men's Open 400 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Gold – Men's Open 100 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Gold - Men 4x100 LC Metre Freestyle 34 point, S1 - S10 Relay

Silver – Men's Open 50 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games

Gold - Men's 50m Freestyle - S10

Silver - Men's 50m Freestyle - S10

Gold - Men 4x100 LC Metre Freestyle 34 point, S1 - S10 Relay (WR)

National Open Competition Medals
2012 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Silver - Men 12 & Over 400 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

2013 Australian Open Water Championships

Silver - Men 5K Open Water Multi-Class

2013 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Silver - Male 400 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Bronze - Male 100 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

2013 Australian Open Short Course Swimming Championships

Gold – Men's Open 400 SC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class (WR)

2014 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Gold – Men's 100m freestyle Para Sport S9 (WR)

Gold – Men's Open 100 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class (WR)

Silver – Men's Open 400 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Gold – Men's Open 200 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class (WR)

2016 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Silver – Men's Open 400 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Silver - 4 × 50 m MC freestyle relay

2017 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Bronze - Men's Open 50 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

2019 Australian Open Swimming Championships

Gold - Men's Open 50 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Gold - Men's Open 100 LC Metre Freestyle Multi-Class

Awards

2009 Best Novice Athlete - Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association
2009/10 North-West Regional Finalist - Quest Youngstar Award for Sport
2010 Most Improved Junior Athlete - Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association
2010/11 North-West Regional Finalist - Quest Youngstar Award for Sport
2010 Roy Fowler Male Swimmer of the Meet - Queensland AWD Swimming Championships
2011 Best Junior Athlete - Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association
2011 Swimmer of the Meet State Multi-Class Swimming Championships - Queensland Swimming
2011/12 North-West Regional Winner - Quest Youngstar Award for Sport
2012 Swimmer of the Meet State Multi-Class Swimming Championships - Queensland Swimming
2013 RSL Youth Development Program Grant Recipient
2013 Brisbane Swimming Association Swimmer with a Disability for 2012/13
2014 Brisbane Swimming Association President's Award for 2013/14 (Glen Bigg Trophy)
2014 Junior and Senior Male Athlete of the Year - Sporting Wheelies and Disabled Association
2017 - Swimming Australia Paralympic Program Swimmer of the Year.

Recognition
 2022 – Medal of the Order of Australia
 2022 - Swimming Australia Paralympic Program Swimmer of the Year

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
Male Paralympic swimmers for Australia
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Swimmers with cerebral palsy
World record holders in paralympic swimming
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Sportsmen from Queensland
Swimmers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Australia
Paralympic silver medalists for Australia
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
S10-classified para swimmers
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Moritz Steinle

text:
Moritz Steinle (born 14 February 1983) is a German footballer.

External links

1983 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Stuttgarter Kickers players
Stuttgarter Kickers II players
3. Liga players
Footballers from Stuttgart
Men's association football defenders


title: Streltzoviella owadai

text:
Streltzoviella owadai is a species of moth of the family Cossidae. It is found in northern Vietnam.

References

Moths described in 2011
Cossinae


title: Army Geospatial Information Center

text:
The Army Geospatial Information Center (; CIGeoE) is the military geographical,  cartographical and geospatial intelligence agency of the Portuguese Army.

The main mission of the CIGeoE is to provide the Army and the other branches of the Armed Forces of Portugal, as well as the civil community, with geographic information, ensuring the implementation of activities related to the geographical science, cartographic technique and the promotion and development of scientific and technological research actions in the field of geographical support and geomatics. This mission includes the geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and imagery intelligence (IMINT) activities in support of the Armed Forces.

Besides its main mission, CIGeoE is in charge of contributing to the operational forces of the Portuguese Army with its Geospatial Support Unit (UnApGeo).

History
The present CIGeoE was created in 1932, as the Army Cartographic Services (SCE). The SCE were renamed Army Geographical Institute (IGeoE) in 1993 and Army Geospatial Information Center (CIGeoE) in 2015.

The SCE, IGeoE and CIGeoE are the successors of former Portuguese military geographical organizations, like the Royal Maritime, Military and Geographic Society (created in 1798), the Royal Military Archives (created in 1802) and the Military Cartography Section of the Army Staff (created in 1911).

Organization
The Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército includes:
 Board of directors (including the Director, the Deputy Director and the Staff);
 Cartographic Production Centre (CPC);
 Military Geographic Documentation Centre (CDGM)
 Development and Information Management Centre (CDGI);
 Geographic Training Centre (CFG);
 General Support Division (RAG)

References

Portuguese Army
Military units and formations established in 1932
Military cartography
Military geography
Military of Portugal
Military installations in Portugal
Geospatial intelligence organizations


title: Stephen Peel

text:
Stephen Mark Peel (born 29 December 1965) is a British businessman, private equity investor and Olympic athlete.

Early life
Peel was born in Blackburn, Lancashire, on 29 December 1965.

He was educated at King's School, Chester. He has a degree in land economy from Downing College, Cambridge in 1987, and is now a Wilkins Fellow. In 2015, he completed a Master of Applied Statistics degree at the Jackson Institute of Global Affairs at Yale University.

Rowing career
Peel started his rowing career at King’s School Chester. He went on to row in the Blue Boat for the three years of his undergraduate degree while studying at the University of Cambridge. Peel also served as Cambridge University Boat Club President in 1987.

He rowed in the Great Britain national team from 1985 to 1988. Peel represented Great Britain in coxless fours rowing at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. He represented England and won a silver medal in the eight, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Peel is the founder of the Infinity Boat Club in Teesside, which was created to help deliver a competitive rowing program to less privileged school children in the area.

Peel is also part of a group of founding donors that assisted with the establishment of The Cambridge University Boat Club Rowing Charitable Fund.

Career
Peel worked at Goldman Sachs from 1989, founded TPG's European operations in 1997, ran their Russian and Eastern European operations from 2006 and co-headed the Asia operations from 2009 to 2013. In 2014, Peel left TPG Capital.

Peel chairs the board of the Tujenge Africa Foundation, which was founded in 2015.

From 2016 to 2017, Peel served as a visiting fellow of practice at the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University.

He is on the advisory council of the Yale Jackson School of Global Affairs at Yale University.

Peel is on the Advisory Board of the Institute for State Effectiveness, which is works on pathways for economic development, peace, and stability within various countries and across different regions in the world.

Until 2014, Peel was a senior partner at the global private equity firm TPG Capital. In 2016, Peel co-founded a new private equity firm, Novalpina Capital, which focused on control-orientated equity investments in European middle market businesses. After a dispute between the three founders, the firm’s investors voted to remove it as fund manager of its private equity fund in 2021. The firm was previously most notable for its majority stake that amounted to 70% in Israeli surveillance technology firm NSO Group, which was acquired in February 2019.

Peel stepped down as a non-executive director at the NGO, Global Witness.

Peel is the founder of SMP Policy Innovation Ltd, a not-for-profit policy organisation aiming to promote, design and assist government policy.

Personal life
He is married to Yana Peel, who is a businesswoman, philanthropist and arts patron, most recently global head of arts and culture at Chanel, and they have two children. They married in 1999, and live in Bayswater, London.

References

Living people
1965 births
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
British investors
British investment bankers
Goldman Sachs people
TPG Capital
Yale University faculty
Olympic rowers for Great Britain
Rowers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
British male rowers
People from Blackburn with Darwen
People educated at The King's School, Chester
Commonwealth Games medallists in rowing
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Rowers at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games


title: 2014–15 FC Rostov season

text:
The 2014–15 FC Rostov season was the sixth successive season that the club will play in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. Rostov will also take part in the Russian Cup and the Europa League, their first European campaign since 2000, entering at the Play-off round.

On 25 September 2014, Miodrag Božović resigned as the club's manager, with Igor Gamula appointed as his replacement. Following Rostov's 1-0 win over FC Ural, Gamula became involved in a racism row following question to the possibility of Rostov signing Benoit Angbwa, saying that six "dark-skinned players" was sufficient for the team. On 12 November Gamula was handed a 5-Game ban following his remarks.

On 18 December, Gamula was moved to Youth Team 21 manager, with Kurban Berdyev being appointed as the new manager of the first team.

Squad

 (captain)

Out on loan

Reserve squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Friendlies

Competitions

Russian Super Cup

Russian Premier League

Results by round

Matches

League table

Relegation play-offs

Russian Cup

UEFA Europa League

Qualifying phase

Squad statistics

Appearances and goals

|-
|colspan="14"|Players away from the club on loan:

|-
|colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Rostov no longer at the club:

|}

Goal Scorers

Disciplinary record

Notes
 MSK time changed from UTC+4 to UTC+3 permanently on 26 October 2014.

References

FC Rostov seasons
Rostov
Rostov


title: Gilbert Dyer

text:
Gilbert Dyer (1743–1820) was an English bookseller, known also as an antiquarian writer.

Life
The son of Gilbert Dyer, a schoolmaster on the eastern side of Dartmoor, he was born in the hamlet of Dunstone in the parish of Widecombe-in-the-Moor, Devon, and baptised on 14 September 1743. After working as his father's assistant, he was appointed in June 1767 master of the school at Tucker's Hall, Exeter, and was there for 21 years.

About 1788 Dyer opened a bookseller's shop opposite the Guildhall in Exeter, and soon became prominent in the trade, in the west of England. He was noted for catalogues and a circulating library. William Hone remarked on their impressive warehouse of theology.

Until a few days before his death Dyer seemed in good health, but he succumbed to a fever. He died at Exeter on 19 October 1820.

Works
Dyer published in 1796 an anonymous tract The Principles of Atheism proved to be unfounded from the Nature of Man, in which he aimed at establishing that man "must have been created, preserved, and instructed by Divine Providence". A Restoration of the Ancient Modes of bestowing Names on the Rivers, Hills, &c. of Britain (reissued 1805) traced place and river names back to Celtic origins. Dyer's subsequent work Vulgar Errors, Ancient and Modern (1816) contained the 1796 tract on atheism, and commentaries on Richard of Cirencester and Antoninus, which had been published in 1814. It also drew on speculations he had contributed to the Monthly Magazine in 1809.

Family
Dyer was twice married: first, on 19 July 1772, to Sarah Sayer of the Cathedral Close, Exeter, by whom he had two children, Sarah, baptised at the cathedral 25 February 1775, and Gilbert, baptised 9 June 1776; and second, in 1789, to Sarah Finnemore of Exeter, who seems to have died on 24 October 1811, aged 83.

Notes

Attribution

1743 births
1820 deaths
Businesspeople from Devon
English antiquarians
Schoolteachers from Devon
People from South Hams (district)


title: Tomasz Mathea

text:
Tomasz Mathea (born April 30, 1955) is a former Polish Commander in Chief of the Polish Navy.

Education
He completed postgraduate studies at the Naval Academy of the USSR in Leningrad (1988), the Royal Academy of Naval Staff of the United Kingdom in London (1995), the National Defence Academy in Warsaw (1996) and the National Defense University of the United States of America in Washington, DC (2003).

Career
In 1980 he was sent to Submarine Squadron 3 Flotilla in Gdynia, where he served on submarines Project 613, first as commander of the department of underwater weapons ORP "Sokol", and from 1984 Deputy Commander of ORP "Bald Eagle". In 1988 he became Chief of Staff of Submarine Squadron. From 1991 to 1994 he commanded Submarine Squadron, and in 1995 became a senior specialist in the Navy's Department of Operational Staff. In 1996 he became deputy commander for training in 3rd Ship Flotilla. In the period 1998 - 2000, he served as Chief of Maritime Training - Deputy Chief of Navy Training. From mid-2000 he commanded the 9th Coast Defense Flotilla in Hel and in 2003 he became head of the General Directorate of Strategic Planning P-5 in the General Staff of the Polish Army. From 2004 to 2006 he was head of Naval Logistics, after which he was appointed deputy chief of the General Staff of the Polish Army.

References

Polish Navy admirals
1955 births
Living people


title: Type 24

text:
Type 24 may refer to:
 Bristol Braemar Type 24, British heavy bomber aircraft
 Nieuport Type 24, French biplane fighter aircraft
 Peugeot Type 24, motor vehicle by the French auto-maker Peugeot
 Type 24 heavy machine gun, Chinese version of the MG 08
 Type 24 pillbox, a British WW II defence structure
 Type 24 rifle (Chiang Kai-shek rifle), Chinese version of the German Mauser Gewehr 98
 Type 24 torpedo boat, a class of torpedo boat built for the German Navy

See also
 Class 24 (disambiguation)


title: Robert Monckton (disambiguation)

text:
Robert Monckton (1726–1782) was a British Army officer.

Robert Monckton may also refer to:
 Robert Monckton (died 1722) (1650s–1722), English Member of Parliament

See also
 Robert Monckton-Arundell, 4th Viscount Galway (1752–1810), British politician


title: Ogwa

text:
Ogwa is a town in Esan West Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria. It is among the constituent communities of Esanland. The people of Ogwa speak the Esan language. The language of the Esan people shares the same name as the name of the land itself. Esan and Ishan are interchangeably used to refer to the same place, language and people. Ishan is the anglicized variant for Esan. The Ogwa people in Edo State identify themselves as Esan or Ishan people. Ogwa has four clans: Eguare, Ukpogu, Izogen and Eha. These clans are headed by most elderly men in each of them.

The name Ogwa is used to identify more than one place in Nigeria. To avoid confusion, it is better to identify it with their region. Hence, Ogwa, Esan.

Demographics

Ogwa has a population of roughly 100,000 people. It is surrounded by other Esan towns, namely Ujiogba, Amahor, Ugun, Ewossa,  Ebelle, Okalo, Ugbegun and Igueben.

Ogwa is the second largest community after Ekpoma and ward 1 politically in the Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State.

Ogwa is an agrarian society. However, events of the last part of the 20th century and the developments of 21st century so far have seen Ogwa drifting towards an academic town. Ogwa Grammar School, Edo State and Samuel Adegboyega University, Edo State are both located in Ogwa, Esan. The university was established in 2011 by The Apostolic Church, LAWNA Territory. The university has helped in the overall development of the Ogwa community.

The University has the Centre for Research and Development of Esanland (CERDEL) which is conducting several research activities about Esan traditions and culture. The Centre is headed by B.O Inegbeboh, a Professor of Oral Literature. Recently, the university gave out scholarship to some indigene in the community to enable them to pursue their educational career. It  also has Eguare and Ukpogo primary schools and some private primary and secondary schools.

The people of Ogwa are mostly Christians. The majority of the people are Catholics. However, The Apostolic Church and other church denominations also have a large membership in Ogwa.

The Onogie of Ogwa is His Royal Highness (HRH) Zaiki Victor A. Ehizogie II. He governs with a Council of Chiefs which, unusually for the area, includes some women.

Ogwa has a significant problem with young women who are exploited through sex trafficking, and state interventions have been unsuccessful in addressing this crime. The problem is affected by the poverty of the area and the lack of opportunities for young people locally.

Health

The Ogwa community enjoys a blend of traditional and orthodox medicine, with the presence of three Government owned health centres and Irrua Community hospitals, and is also closely linked with Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, where a lot of people visit to receive health care. Traditional bone setters, traditional birth attendants and herbal healers are also fairly distributed around the community setting. Services offered at these centres include: health education, immunization, family planning counselling, treatment of minor ailments and first aid, referrals, and ante-natal.

References

Populated places in Edo State


title: Josif Tatić

text:
Josif Tatić (13 April 1946 – 8 February 2013) was a Serbian film actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1967 to 2011.

Selected filmography

References

External links

1946 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Novi Sad
Serbian male film actors
Serbian male television actors
20th-century Serbian male actors
21st-century Serbian male actors


title: Mishael Morgan

text:
Marie-Charms Mishael Morgan (born July 15, 1986) known professionally as Mishael Morgan, is a Trinidadian-Canadian actress known for the roles of Hilary Curtis and Amanda Sinclair on CBS Daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless, the latter for which she became the first Black actress to win the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2022.

Early life
Marie-Charms Mishael Morgan was born in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago, on July 15, 1986. Morgan is the daughter of Michael and Sharon (Lee) Morgan; she has an older sister, Maggris, and a younger sister, Monique. When Morgan was five years old, her parents relocated the family to New York where Mishael found work. However, thinking it would be safer, the family relocated to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and settled in Mississauga. She attended York University in Toronto, and later began her career on television.

Career
From 2008 to 2009, she had a recurring role in the Canadian teen drama series The Best Years, and later was regular cast member of YTV sitcom, Family Biz. In 2012, she had a recurring role in the CBC Television comedy-drama Republic of Doyle, and also appeared in small roles in films Casino Jack (2010) and Total Recall (2012). Morgan also guest-starred on Supernatural and The Listener. In 2014, Morgan also starred in The CW summer comedy series, Backpackers.

In May 2013, Morgan was cast as Hilary Curtis in the CBS daytime soap opera, The Young and the Restless. On June 11, 2018, Morgan confirmed earlier reports that she would be leaving the soap. Morgan's representation later confirmed that Morgan opted to leave after unsuccessful attempts to negotiate for an increase in salary. Morgan made her final appearance as Hilary on the soap on July 27, 2018, when the character succumbed to life-threatening injuries sustained in a car accident. On September 19, 2019, she confirmed her return to the show the same day she debuted as her new character, Amanda Sinclair.

On June 24, 2022, Morgan became the first black woman to win the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won for her portrayal of Amanda Sinclair.

Personal life
Morgan married Navid Ali in May 2012. Morgan gave birth to their first child, a son, in 2015. On July 19, 2015, her The Young and the Restless co-star, Christel Khalil, co-hosted her baby shower. The couple also have a daughter, born in 2018.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
1986 births
Canadian television actresses
Canadian soap opera actresses
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series winners
York University alumni
21st-century Canadian actresses
People from San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to Canada


title: Ling Zhengce

text:
Ling Zhengce (; born May 1952) is a former Chinese politician from Shanxi province. From 2008 to 2014 Ling served as the vice-chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and prior to that the director of Shanxi Development and Reform Commission. Alongside Ling Jihua, he was removed from office in 2014 and charged with corruption, bribery, and graft. Ling Zhengce was then sentenced to twelve and a half years in prison.

Biography
Born Linghu Zhengce to a Communist official's family in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province, Ling and all his three siblings received names related to the Communist Party terminology. His own name, Zhengce, means "policy".

He got involved in politics in October 1968 and joined the Chinese Communist Party in November 1973. Ling initially worked at a hospital, and then was transferred to work as a labourer a sulphur mine. Between 1971 and 1982 Ling worked for the party organization in Yuncheng, and subsequently for the party's General Office of Shanxi province. In 1984, Ling graduated from Shanxi University, majoring in Chinese literature. After graduation Ling returned to work in the General Office for the "books and literature division" (). He spent much of the next decade working for confidential document classification in the provincial government, before being promoted in 1997 to become the deputy director of provincial grain distribution.

Beginning in 2000, Ling worked as a functionary for provincial planning and development. In 2004, he was appointed director of Shanxi Development and Reform Commission, a powerful government agency that had vast powers over the provincial economy. In January 2008, he was appointed the vice-chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. On June 19, 2014, it was announced that he would be investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China (CCDI) for "serious violations of laws and regulations".

Ling Zhengce's brother Ling Jihua was expelled from the party in mid 2015 and indicted on a series of criminal charges. On August 21, 2015, following the CCDI investigation, Ling Zhengce was also expelled from the Chinese Communist Party. In its official announcement, the CCDI accused Ling of taking bribes to obtain promotions and business interests for others, and for using his office to seek gain for his relatives. He was also accused of obstructing the investigation. Like his brother, Ling Zhengce was also accused of "violating political rules." He was rumoured to be a member of the mysterious Xishan Society.

On December 16, 2016, Ling was sentenced for 12-and-a-half years in prison in Changzhou Intermediate Court, for taking either directly or indirectly 16 million yuan ($2.67 million) in bribes from 2001 to 2014.

Personal life
Ling hails from the Ling family of Pinglu County, Shanxi. He has three brothers and one sister.

His brother, Ling Jihua was also removed from office and sentenced to life in prison in 2014. Ling Jihua was one of the top aides to former Communist Party general secretary Hu Jintao and served as the Vice-Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the head of the United Front Work Department before he was tried for corruption, abuse of power, and bribery and then given a life sentence in prison.

His youngest brother, Ling Wancheng, a golf enthusiast and businessman, reportedly fled to the United States.

References

People's Republic of China politicians from Shanxi
1952 births
Living people
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Shanxi
Politicians from Yuncheng
Chinese politicians convicted of corruption
Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party


title: Jagdev Chand

text:
Thakur Jagdev Chand was a stalwart leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Himachal Pradesh, India. He was elected to Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Hamirpur and served as cabinet minister in Government of Himachal Pradesh. He was elected five times uninterrupted. He died in 1993, soon after his fifth victory.

During his first term as an MLA and a Cabinet Minister in state government in June 1977, he was given portfolio of Public Transport. He was the one who pioneered the idea of introducing Passenger insurance scheme. He was astonished to know that surviving victims after a bus accident (this was first accident during his term as Cabinet Minister) were only given Rs2000. Passenger insurance scheme ensured that survivors will get at least Rs25000 in 1977. Amount was then further revised to higher values by successive governments. It was under his tenure when Himachal Road Transport Corporation made profit for the first time.

For a leader who was well respected by masses and is still remembered for his contribution, state government named Sujanpur degree college after him, Thakur Jagdev Chand Memorial Government College. Hamirpur town hall is also named after Late Thakur Jagdev Chand. RSS also opened a History research institute based in Neri which was also named after him.

References

1993 deaths
People from Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh
State cabinet ministers of Himachal Pradesh
Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh
Janata Party politicians
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1977–1982
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1982–1985
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1985–1990
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1990–1992
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998
1923 births


title: Svetlana Druzhinina

text:
Svetlana Sergeevna Druzhinina (; born 16 December 1935 in Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian actress, film director, screenwriter, film producer. She is best known for directing the Gardes-Marines trilogy consisting of Gardes-Marines, ahead!, Viva Gardes-Marines! and Gardes-Marines-III.

Biography

Svetlana Druzhinina was born on 16 December 1935 in Moscow. In 1946, Druzhinina entered the circus school, where she successfully worked with a group of circus acrobats for one year. A year later she moved to the ballet school at the Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theatre. In 1955 she graduated from the ballet school of the Bolshoi Theatre, where she studied together with future ballet stars Māris Liepa and Natalya Kasatkina. Because of a serious injury Druzhinina couldn’t become a dancer.

In 1955 Druzhinina debuted as an actress in the movie Showcase for Supermarket (). She played a shop assistant Sonja Bozhko. From 1955 to 1965 she was an actress at the central studio of Gorky Film Studio.

In 1960 Druzhinina graduated from the VGIK Faculty of Actor (actor's workshop of Olga Pyzhova and Boris Bibikov).

In 1969 Druzhinina graduated from the VGIK Faculty of Director (workshop of Igor Talankin), her thesis film was Zinka (screenwriter B. Mazhaev). In the same year she began her work as a director on Mosfilm.

Druzhinina was a hostess of the first Soviet humor TV shows and competitions called KVN on the Central Television (together with Mikhail Derzhavin).

Her debut as a director was in the movie called Fulfillment of Desires () (1974) based on the novel by Veniamin Kaverin.

Druzhinina received her recognition and national love as a director in 1987 after the release of the TV film Gardes-Marines, ahead! This was her first experience as a director of a historical movie, and it was very successful. Later the history of the Russian Empire became the main theme of her work.

From 2000 to the present time Druzhinina is directing a TV series about the history of Russia in the 18th century called  Secrets of Palace coup d'etat. Russia, 18th century.

Family

Mother - Anna Danilovna Myznikova, the Don Cossack, worked as a teacher in kindergarten.
Father - Sergei Ivanovich Druginyn, son of a priest, the driver (died during the Great Patriotic War).

Husband - Anatoly Mukasey (born 26 July 1938), Soviet and Russian filmmaker, People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2009). In 2013, the couple celebrated the 55th anniversary of marriage.

 The eldest son - Anatoly Mukasey, died in 1988.
grandson - Daniil (born 24 February 1987), engaged in computer editing movies.
 The youngest son - Michael Mukasey (born 3 January 1966), the Russian filmmaker and film producer.
grandson - Maxim, granddaughter - Elizabeth
 Third daughter-in-law - Yekaterina Gamova (born 17 October 1980), the Russian volleyball player of the national team, twice world champion, Merited Master of Sports of Russia. Michael and Yekaterina were married on 17 August 2012.

Filmography

Director, screenwriter and producer

Actor

Awards
Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1989)
People's Artist of Russia (2001)
Order of Honour (2006)
Order of Friendship (2012)

References

External links

1935 births
Living people
Actresses from Moscow
Soviet screenwriters
20th-century Russian screenwriters
Women screenwriters
Soviet film actresses
Russian film actresses
Soviet film directors
Soviet women film directors
Russian women film directors
Writers from Moscow
20th-century Russian actresses
20th-century Russian women writers
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography alumni
Academicians of the Russian Academy of Cinema Arts and Sciences "Nika"


title: Quebrada

text:
Quebrada may refer to:

Places

Argentina
 Quebrada de Las Flechas, a valley in the province of Salta in northern Argentina
 Quebrada de Humahuaca, World Heritage, a valley in the province of Jujuy in northern Argentina
 Quebrada de Luna, village in Argentina

Bolivia
 Quebrada Honda, a fossil site in southern Bolivia

Brazil
 Canoa Quebrada, a seaside resort in northeastern Brazil

Chile
 Quebrada del Nuevo Reino, a village in Pichilemu, Chile

Colombia
 Quebrada Limas, a small river in Bogotá

Costa Rica
 Quebrada Grande, village in Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Puerto Rico
Quebrada, Camuy, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, Las Piedras, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, Maunabo, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arenas, San Juan, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arriba, Cayey, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Arriba, Patillas, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Grande, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Grande, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Grande, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Honda, Guayanilla, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Honda, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Limón, a barrio in Ponce, Puerto Rico
 Quebrada Maracuto, prehistoric rock paintings in Carolina, Puerto Rico
Quebrada Seca, Ceiba, Puerto Rico, a barrio
Quebrada Yeguas, a barrio in Salinas, Puerto Rico

Spain
 Torre Quebrada, one of the three towers on the coast of the municipality of Benalmádena, Spain

Venezuela
 La Quebrada, Venezuela, a Venezuelan city, the capital of the municipality of Urdaneta

Other
 La Quebrada, an springboard moonsault attack used in professional wrestling invented by Yoshihiro Asai, better known by his gimmick name Último Dragón
 Quebrada (tango), a classic component of Argentine tango styles


title: Dürriaden Kadın

text:
Dürriaden Kadın (, "shining heaven"; born Hatice Hanım Voçibe; 16 May 1860 – 17 October 1909) was the second consort of  Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire.

Life
Dürrüaden Kadın was born on 16 May 1860 in the Voçibe princely family, in the North Caucasus, in Kars or Sochi. Her father was Voçibe Mustafa Bey and her real name was Hatice Hanim. She was aunt of Inşirah Hanim, her brother Aziz Bey's daughter and consort of Mehmed VI.

She was sent to the Ottoman Palace at three years old and was raised there. She married the then Şehzade Mehmed Reşad on 10 October 1876 in the crown princes apartments (Valihad Mansion) located in the Ortaköy Palace. Mehmed was thirty two years old, while Dürrüaden was sixteen years old. She was his second consort. Two years after the marriage, on 23 June 1878, she gave birth to her only son Şehzade Mahmud Necmeddin. The child had kyphosis and was in poor health.

On 27 April 1909, after Mehmed's accession to the throne, she was given the title of "Second Kadın".

Death
Stressed and weakened by concern for her son's health, Dürriaden contracted tuberculosis and was sent to solitary confinement. Dürrüaden died on 17 October 1909 in the Vadildebağı Palace at the age of forty-nine, and was buried in the mausoleum of Gülistü Kadın, Fatih Mosque, Fatih, Istanbul. After her death, her son sponsored a fountain in her name at Kuruçeşme. He outlived her by four years dying in 1913.

Issue

See also
Kadın (title)
Ottoman Imperial Harem
List of consorts of the Ottoman sultans

References

Sources

1860 births
1909 deaths
19th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans
20th-century consorts of Ottoman sultans


title: Coldünya

text:
Coldünya (, ) is an Azerbaijani rock band based in Baku. The members are Teymur Nadir (vocals), Rovshan Karimov (vocals, guitar), Samir Jafaali (drums) and Aydin Hajiyev (bass guitar).

The band got its name from the English word Cold and the Azerbaijani word Dünya (World). They are one of the better known and most prolific Azerbaijani bands of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

History
In 1996, Coldünya recorded and released their first album, Nota Bene, and filmed their first video, "Sehrbaz", which was broadcast and promoted by ANS Radio and ANS TV. Their song "Sehrbaz" was broadcast within two weeks in BBC Radio's Top of the Pops show, presented by Mark Goodier, and took 7th place in BBC's foreign hit-list.

Discography

Albums
Oyanish (December 2003) with Alim Qasimov

References

Azerbaijani rock music groups


The 2001 Women's World Floorball Championships was the third world championship in women's floorball. The games were played in Riga, Latvia 20–27 May 2001. Finland ended up as champions, thus they became the first team to win their second title. In the final-game Finland defeated Sweden, 2-0.

Great Britain, Hungary & Poland made their first appearances in the women's floorball world championships.

Division A
The 8 teams of the first division consists of the 7 best placed teams from the highest division the previous tournament plus , the winner of division B the previous tournament.
As with both the earlier world championships, the top four positions were taken by , ,  and  with Finland as the champions. Austria lost the 7th place match versus  and was then relegated back to division B for the next tournament.

The two best placed teams in each group advances to the semifinals. The lower placed teams face up against the corresponding team from the other group for placement matches.

Group A

Group B

Final stage

Top scorers

Division B
The second division consisted of the 4 bottom placed teams from the last tournament plus three new teams Great Britain, Hungary, Poland and Russia who were relegated from the top division following their withdrawal from the previous tournament.
Russia did however get promoted back to the top division for the next tournament after a clean sweep, beating Denmark in the division final with 14-1 and having a total goal difference by +60.

The two best placed teams from each group advances to B-semifinals. The rest of the teams advances to play the corresponding team from the other group i placement matches.

Group C

Group D

Placement matches

Top scorers

Final standings

Division A

*Austria relegated to division B for 2003

Division B

*Russia promoted to division A for 2003

All-star team
The pick of Latvian Rudīte Danovska as the best goalkeeper in the tournament made her the first player outside of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Switzerland to be included in a world championship all-star team. Birgitte Lersbryggen was included in the all-star team for her second back-to-back tournament.

Goalkeeper:
Defender:
Defender:
Centre:
Forward:
Forward:

MVP:

See also
IFF Tournament Site

References

Floorball World Championships
Women's World Floorball Championships
Women's World Floorball Championships
Floorball in Latvia
International sports competitions hosted by Latvia
May 2001 sports events in Europe
Sports competitions in Riga
2000s in Riga


title: Cossulus nycteris

text:
Cossulus nycteris is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Uzbekistan.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

Moths described in 1923
Cossinae
Moths of Asia


title: Deepakbhai Desai

text:
Deepakbhai Desai, referred as Pujya Deepakbhai Desai by his followers, is Indian spiritual leader from Gujarat, India. He heads Dada Bhagwan Foundation. He teaches the Akram Vignan philosophy developed by Dada Bhagwan.

Early life
Pujya Deepakbhai Desai was born on 9 May 1953 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. His family belonged to Vavania and his paternal ancestral home was next door to that of Shrimad Rajchandra. He is the youngest among five children. He graduated with a degree in the Mechanical Engineering from VJTI in Mumbai in the early 1970s. After graduating from college, he worked in the textile industry as a mechanical engineer for a few years. Later he founded a consulting firm working in the textile industry. Later he retired and joined the Akram Vignan Movement.

Spiritual career

It is said that, Deepakbhai attained self-realization by Gnanvidhi from Dada Bhagwan on 6 March 1971. During the 1980s, Niruben Amin was one of the chief disciples of Dada Bhagwan who recorded tapes of discourses of Dada Bhagwan. He helped Amin transcribe and compile tapes which were later published as volumes of Aptavani.

In 1987, Dada Bhagwan ordained him as Aptaputra who are allowed to conduct spiritual discourses. He traveled in India and abroad to conduct discourses.

After death of Dada Bhagwan in 1988, Niruben Amin founded Dada Bhagwan Foundation. In 2003, she ordained Deepakbhai Desai to conduct Gnanvidhi ceremonies and 'transmit' self-realization (Atma Gnan). After death of Niruben Amin in 2006, she was succeeded by Deepakbhai Desai to head the organisations.

Deepakbhai holds religious discourses including open Q & A sessions in person around the world and on television. Dada Bhagwan Foundation continues to build temples and publish works under his leadership. |https://www.dadabhagwan.org/spiritual-masters/pujya-deepakbhai/the-hidden-jewel/

References

1953 births
Living people
Indian spiritual teachers
People from Morbi district


title: List of Tunisian scientists

text:
This list represents a full overview about notable Tunisian scientists who had appeared since the creation of Tunisia as a distinct political entity under the Ottoman influence in the 16th century.

Ottoman Period (1574–1881)
When the Ottoman empire had occupied Tunisia, the Scientific Deterioration of Tunisia has not been efficiently inhibited. The unique institution that had contributed to avoid a catastrophic situation for the common knowledge in Tunisia is the Zitouna University that had developed during successive Ottoman periods and that gives courses which are specialized in social sciences and humanities like theology, Fiqh, Hadith, Arabic language, Arabic literature, Law and a few Arithmetics and calculus. This situation explains why all important scientists of that period were lawyers, poets, authors and theologists.

During the crisis of the 19th century that had occurred in Tunisia, some notable intellectual people who had deeper training and education had appeared like General Hussein and Kheireddine Pacha thanks to their specialized studies in the Military school of Bardo that had been created to solve the matter of the lack of experts in applied sciences caused by the deficiency of the system of Zitouna University. Those people had tried to do some reforms to save the country. Even the alumni of Zitouna University had tried to do some works to better the scientific consciousness in Tunisia. In fact, some main scientific works of that period that were led by the Bayram, Ben Achour, Ennaifar and Djait families had been done. These works were important and were considered as promoters of an Arab Renaissance. However, these performances were not very fructuous as the French protectorate of Tunisia has been installed in April 1881.

Notable scientists

Medicine and biology
 Habiba Bouhamed

Social sciences
 Mohamed Talbi

Tunisian scientists
Scientists


title: 2008–09 Fencing World Cup

text:
The 38th FIE Fencing World Cup began in October 2008 and concluded in October 2009 at the 2009 World Fencing Championships held in Antalya, Turkey.

Individual Épée

Individual Foil

Individual Sabre

Team Épée

Team Foil

Team Sabre

References
 FIE rankings

Fencing World Cup
2008 in fencing
2009 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by Turkey
2016 in Turkish sport


title: List of Eli Wallach performances

text:
The following is the filmography and credits for American actor Eli Wallach (December 7, 1915 – June 24, 2014). He started acting in 1945 and is known for his film roles as Calvera in The Magnificent Seven (1960), Tuco in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), Napoleon in The Adventures of Gerard (1970), Cotton Weinberger in The Two Jakes (1990), Don Altobello in The Godfather Part III (1990), Donald Fallon in The Associate (1996), Arthur Abbott in The Holiday (2006), Noah Dietrich in The Hoax (2007), and Julie Steinhardt in Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010), which was the last film he appeared in before retiring in 2010.

He has also appeared in numerous television series, most known for playing Mr. Freeze in two episodes of Batman in 1967.

Filmography

Film

Television

Television films

Documentaries

Theatre

Radio appearances

 Wallach read out Stephen King's novel Insomnia for Hodder & Stoughton Audio.

References

External links

Male actor filmographies
American filmographies


title: Methoxyresveratrol

text:
Methoxyresveratrol may refer to:

 3-Methoxyresveratrol (pinostilbene)
 4-Methoxyresveratrol


title: Malyi Sasyk Lagoon

text:
Malyi Sasyk Lagoon, or Small Sasyk (, ), is a salty lagoon in the Tuzly Lagoons group in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It is located to south from the Shahany Lagoon. The total area of the lagoon is 2.36 km2. The lagoon is connected with the Dzhantshey Lagoon in south.

The touristic village of Rasseyka is located on the north-west coast of the lagoon. The lagoon is separated from the Black Sea and also from the Shahany Lagoon by the sandbar with the marine beaches. The continental coast is connected with the sandbar by 6 bridges.

The water body is included into the Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park.

Sources
 Starushenko L.I., Bushuyev S.G. (2001) Prichernomorskiye limany Odeschiny i ih rybohoziaystvennoye znacheniye. Astroprint, Odesa, 151 pp.

Tuzly Lagoons


title: BMW R1100S

text:
The BMW R1100S is a sports motorcycle that was manufactured by BMW Motorrad between 1998 and 2005. Introduced some 25 years after the R90S, the company's first sports bike, the R1100S was the first BMW bike having clip-on handlebars, rearset footrests and a removable cowl to cover the pillion seat.  Producing nearly 100 hp, it has been described as a "sporty sports-tourer".

Design
The engine is a flat-twin "oilhead" that has air-cooled cylinders but oil-cooled heads.  Derived from the BMW R1100RS, the 1,085 cc fuel-injected eight-valve engine is tuned for a maximum output of  at 8,400rpm. At the time of its introduction, it was BMW's most powerful boxer engine ever made, and the first mated to a six-speed transmission. The ohv engine has chain-driven camshafts mounted in the cylinder heads, operating the valves via short pushrods and rocker arms.   Engines produced after 2003 had dual ignition, with two spark plugs per cylinder.   The compact close-ratio six-speed transmission is derived from the BMW K1200RS.  Far from being a touring overdrive, the top gear gives 20 mph per 1,000rpm, so at 80 mph the engine turns at 4,000rpm.

In addition to using the engine as a stressed member, the R1100S has a composite aluminum frame to which the suspension components are attached. The front suspension is BMW's patented Telelever, with long telescopic fork sliders containing neither springs nor damping. In order to minimize "fork dive", braking forces are taken back to the frame via a pivoting wishbone.  A monoshock on this wishbone copes with springing and damping.  The rear suspension comprises BMW's "Paralever", a  single-sided swinging arm encompassing shaft drive.  The Paralever mounts directly to the frame instead of to the gearbox as on earlier oilheads.  A reviewer reported: “The result is greater frame rigidity and better handling".

A detachable tubular subframe supports the rider and passenger.  The R1100S has a very substantial half fairing which completely envelops the alloy fuel tank. Both the hugger (after market option) and front fender are made of carbon-fibre. The two-into-one exhaust feeds twin silencers tucked up high beneath the pillion seat, like those on the Ducati 916.  Factory options originally available from BMW included electrically heated grips, ABS brakes and a belly-pan fairing.

Reception
The R1100S is  lighter and  more powerful than the BMW R1100RS from which it was derived, but at  (wet), it can in no way be considered a lightweight.  Nevertheless, What Bike? magazine stated: "With underseat exhaust and plenty of ground clearance, the BMW is helped by the lack of dive under braking and makes up metres on the entry to corners. Mid-corner speed is superb, but it's on the exit that the air-cooled twin shows its short legs. Stick to the road, though, and the R1100S is a great place to be".

Motor Cycle News (MCN) later reviewed the R1100S, stating: "The BMW R1100S is now starting to be regarded as something of a classic, especially in BoxerCup form. Classy styling, VFR-esque comfort and versatility plus BMW quality and residuals make for a stonking and attractive all-rounder, if not quite the sports bike BM intended…".

Special editions of the  BMW R1100S

A special edition model was the R1100S Sport, which was a standard R1100S fitted with an optional "Sport" pack comprising stiffer suspension via a taller rear monoshock, a steering damper, and a wider rear wheel and tyre.  Bike magazine commented: "The basic R1100S is good value, but we're not convinced that the high spec Sport version offers any real benefit for road riders".

A more expensive track-day version of the BMW R1100S, the BoxerCup Replika (or "BCR"), was available from 2003 to 2005.  The BCR had twin Laser under-seat exhausts, braided brake lines, carbon-fibre cylinder head protectors, a carbon-fibre oil-catcher bellypan, uprated Öhlins suspension, and a shorter paralever torque arm which raised the rear end to quicken the steering and increase cornering clearance.  Later BoxerCup and Sport models had matte black engines, with the cylinders and cylinder heads remaining silver.

The raised suspension of the BCR increased cylinder head cornering clearance (compared to the standard R1100RS), but this somewhat compromised the motorcycle for normal town/road use.

The BCR came with a standard engine management chip which was changed for a modified chip at the first dealer service.  Despite the different chip, the Replika claimed no more power than the standard R1100S nor the Sport.

The R1200S

The R1100S was superseded in 2006 by the R1200S.  The alloy frame of the R1100S was replaced by a lightweight tubular trellis and so, with a tuned engine, the R1200S was  lighter and 25% more powerful. MCN compared the R1200S to its predecessor this way: "As an oddball track motorcycle it works, but as an accomplished all-rounder it falls short of the standards set by the R1100S that preceded it."

In 2008 the R1200S was itself superseded by the double overhead camshaft HP2 Sport.

References

External links

R1100RS
Motorcycles powered by flat engines
Shaft drive motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1998