title: Siyahchashm

text:
Siyahchashm (Persian/Daylami; Siyāhçašm, literally "black eye"), also known by his laqab of Mahdi, was ruler of the Justanids from 919 to 928. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Firuz.

Siyahchashm's father Khusrau Firuz was killed in 919 by the Sallarid ruler Muhammad bin Musafir, who made the Justanids his vassal. Siyahchashm then succeeded Khusrau Firuz as the new ruler of the Justanids. Siyahchashm was killed in 928 by a Dailamite military commander named Asfar ibn Shiruya. He was succeeded by Justan IV.

Sources

928 deaths
10th-century Iranian people
Justanids
Year of birth unknown


title: Ali Khan-e Zaman

text:
Ali Khan-e Zaman (, also Romanized as ʿAlī Khān-e Zamān; also known as ‘Alīkhān-e Zamān and Deh-e ‘Alīkhān-e Zamān) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 222, in 50 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Langar Barani

text:
Langar Barani (, also Romanized as Langar Bārānī; also known as Bārānī and Langar) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 388, in 75 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Mohammad Hoseyn Barani

text:
Mohammad Hoseyn Barani (, also Romanized as Moḩammad Ḩoseyn Bārānī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 327, in 56 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Mahmudi-ye Bala

text:
Mahmudi-ye Bala (, also Romanized as Maḩmūdī-ye Bālā; also known as Maḩmūdī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Mir Gol-e Kalati

text:
Mir Gol-e Kalati (, also Romanized as Mīr Gol-e Kalātī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48 with 9 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Mir Shekar

text:
Mir Shekar (, also Romanized as Mīr Shekār; also known as Gheyb ‘Alī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 60, in 12 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Molla Dadi

text:
Molla Dadi (, also Romanized as Mollā Dādī; also known as Mollā ‘Alī, Mollādārī, and Mollā Darvī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,075, in 225 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Molla Ali, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Molla Ali (, also Romanized as Mollā ‘Alī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 897, in 181 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Molla Nur Mohammad

text:
Molla Nur Mohammad (, also Romanized as Mollā Nūr Moḩammad) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 232, in 43 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Mowlowy-ye Dust Mohammad

text:
Mowlowy-ye Dust Mohammad (, also Romanized as Mowlowy-ye Dūst Moḩammad) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 9 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Momentum Adventure

text:
Momentum Adventure is a company that specializes in adventure holidays. It was founded by Mathew Robertson in 2005.

History
Momentum Adventure was founded in 2005 by Matthew Robertson who said that he wanted to add an "element of velvet lining" to adventure travel.

Operations

Momentum guides hold the highest IFMGA accreditation.  They include Johan Aregard, a former Swedish Special Forces soldier,  Dave Pearce, a former Royal Marine & survival consultant for Bear Grylls, and John Falkiner, a film stunt coordinator.

See also
 Adventure Travel
Backpacking (travel)
Backpacking (hiking)
Experimental travel
Long distance motorcycle riding
Outdoor education
Parachuting
Travel documentary
Travel writing

References

Companies based in East Sussex
Transport companies established in 2005
Travel and holiday companies of the United Kingdom
Adventure travel


title: 1927–28 Lancashire Cup

text:
The 1927–28 Lancashire Cup competition was the 20th competition in the  history of this regional rugby league event and the final was a repeat of the 1925–26 Lancashire Cup Final, with Swinton beating Wigan by 5-2. The match was played at Watersheddings, Oldham. The attendance was 22,000 and receipts £1,275.

Background
The number of teams entering this year’s competition dropped back to 13 due to no amateur participation. This resulted in the competition running with 3 byes in the first round.

Competition and results

Round 1
Involved  5 matches (with three byes) and 13 clubs

Round 2 – quarterfinals

Round 3 – semifinals

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points

The road to success

See also
1927–28 Northern Rugby Football League season

Notes
 1 Watersheddings was the home ground of Oldham from 1889 to 1997. The ground, at one time, also housed a greyhound track.

References

RFL Lancashire Cup
Lancashire Cup


title: Barani, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Barani (, also Romanized as Bārānī) is a village in Margan Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 346, in 64 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: 2014 Copa del Rey final

text:
The 2014 Copa del Rey final was the 112th final of Spain's premier football cup since its establishment (including two seasons where two rival editions were played). The match was an El Clásico between Real Madrid and Barcelona on 16 April 2014 at Mestalla in Valencia, making it the seventh such Copa del Rey final (the most recent was also played at the Mestalla on 20 April 2011).

Real Madrid won the cup for the 19th time after a 2–1 win. In winning the final, Real Madrid went on to play against  Atlético Madrid, the winners of the 2013–14 La Liga season, in the 2014 Supercopa de España.

Road to the final

Build-up
The match was rescheduled to be played three days earlier than the original date as there was a chance that both clubs could have UEFA Champions League semi-finals the following week. Each team was allotted 20,000 tickets for club members.
Real Madrid's top scorer of the season Cristiano Ronaldo missed the final due to knee and thigh injuries.

Real Madrid were appearing in their 39th Copa del Rey Final, with a prior tally of 18 victories, while Barcelona had won 26 of their 35 finals. The two teams had each won three of the six previous El Clásico finals: Real Madrid in 1936, 1974 and 2011, Barcelona in 1968, 1983 and 1990. The 2011 win was Real Madrid's most recent, having been defeated in the 2013 final. Barcelona had last won the cup in 2012.

Match

Summary

After 11 minutes Real Madrid went in front when Ángel Di María's low left footed shot from the left went through Jordi Alba's legs and in off goalkeeper José Manuel Pinto's left hand. Barcelona were level in the 68th minute when Marc Bartra headed into the far corner of the net after a Xavi corner from the left.

The winning goal came with five minutes to go when Gareth Bale picked the ball up just inside his own half on the left wing and went past Bartra at a blistering pace (at one point off the field before running back onto the field) leaving Bartra in his wake, before running into the penalty area, evading more challenges and then composedly slotting the ball left-footed low past the goalkeeper from six yards out.
Some football pundits labelled his goal as a masterclass, whilst Barcelona coach Gerardo Martino admitted that it was "difficult to see a player sprint like that at that stage of the game".

Details

See also
El Clásico

References

2014
1
Real Madrid CF matches
FC Barcelona matches
21st century in Valencia
El Clásico matches
April 2014 sports events in Europe


title: 1928–29 Lancashire Cup

text:
The 1928–29 Lancashire Cup was the 21st running of this regional rugby league competition.  Wigan took the trophy for the 6th time, by beating Widnes by 5–4 in the final played at Wilderspool, Warrington.  The attendance was 19,000 and receipts £1,150.

Background
The number of teams entering this year's competition remained at 13 which resulted in 3 byes in the first round.

Competition and results

Round 1
Involved  5 matches (with three byes) and 13 clubs

Round 2 – quarterfinals

Round 3 – semifinals

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points

The road to success

See also
1928–29 Northern Rugby Football League season

Notes
 1 This match was transferred to the neighbouring St Helens stadium due to the better facilities offered
 2 The official Warrington archives give the score for the replayed match as 13-3 - the details given by "RUGBY LEAGUE projects" show the score as 10-2
 3 Watersheddings was the home ground of Oldham RLFC from 1889 to 1997

References

RFL Lancashire Cup
Lancashire Cup


title: Fungal adhesin

text:
Fungal adhesins are proteins located on the surface of fungal cells, specifically found on the outside of the cell wall. They allow fungi to colonize various substrates and to bind to host tissues. Adhesion to tissue is an obligatory first step in pathogenesis by many yeasts. Adhesins also have other functions, such as mating and biofilm formation.

Candida albicans
Candida albicans can cause opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans.

Hwp1
Hwp1 is a fungal adhesin belonging to the opportunistic dimorphic fungus Candida albicans.  Hwp1 is unique among fungal adhesins discovered to date in that it is a mammalian transglutaminase substrate. The host enzyme allows C. albicans to form covalent bonds to the host tissue via Hwp1.

See also
Adhesin molecule (immunoglobulin -like)
Bacterial adhesin
Cell adhesion

References

Fungal proteins


title: Pacific Mambo Orchestra

text:
Pacific Mambo Orchestra is a Latin dance music orchestra based in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Their debut album was released in October 2012, and they received a Grammy Award for the album at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards.

History

The Pacific Mambo Orchestra was founded in 2010 by Mexican Pianist Christian Tumalan and German Trumpeter Steffen Kuehn, and is a 19-piece Latin Big Band orchestra that plays salsa, Latin Jazz, cha cha cha, bachata, and other Latin music. In 2012 they crowd-funded their first album, the self-titled 'Pacific Mambo Orchestra', through Kickstarter. They were nominated for a Grammy Award in the "Best Tropical Latin Album" category for their album, and they won the award in 2014 at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. The group subsequently released the albums "Live from Stern Grove (San Francisco) " in 2017, and "The III Side" in 2020.

Discography

Pacific Mambo Orchestra (2012)
 "PMO Intro" by Christian Tumalan
 "El Cantante" originally by Rubén Blades and arranged by Mike Rinta
 "Overjoyed" originally by Stevie Wonder and arranged by Aaron Lington
 "La Ambicion" by Christian Tumalan
 "Cuando Estoy Contigo" by Steffen Kuehn and Mike Rinta
 "Mr. 5.0" by Steffen Kuehn and arranged by Aaron Lington
 "Bolero Cocomo" by Aaron Lington, lyrics by Alexa Weber Morales
 "Muevete Con Prisa" by Aaron Lington
 "Querer Como Ayer" by Christian Tumalan
 "Bolero Cocomo (Instrumental)" by Aaron Lington

Album Credits:
Steffen Kuehn:	 Arranger, Composer, Director, Lead, Producer, Soloist, Trumpet
Christian Tumalan:	 Arranger, Composer, Digital Editing, Director, Engineer, Mixing, Piano, Producer

Carlos Cascante:	 Featured Artist, Guest Artist, Vocals
Armando Cordoba:	 Maracas, Vocals
Willy Torres:	 Featured Artist, Guest Artist, Vocals
Kenny Washington:	 Featured Artist, Guest Artist, Vocals
Alexa Weber Morales: Lyricist, Vocals

Braulio Barrera:	 Bongos, Campana
Javier Cabanillas:	 Congas, Shekere
Carlos Caro:	 Guiro
Tommy Igoe:	 Drums, Featured Artist, Guest Artist
Omar Ledezma Jr.:	 Timbales
Christian Pepin:	 Congas
Karl Perazzo:	 Featured Artist, Guiro, Timbales

Abe Gumroyan:	 Bass
Jorge Pomar:	 Bass

Gene Burkert:	 Alto Saxophone Soloist
Pete Cornell:	 Lead Alto Saxophone, Soloist
Evan Francis:	 Tenor Saxophone, Flute Soloist
Aaron Lington:	 Arranger, Composer, Baritone Saxophone
Tony Peebles:	 Tenor Saxophone, Soloist
Doug Rowan:	 Alto Saxophone
Benny Torres:	 Tenor Saxophone

Ryan Black:	 Trombone
Jeff Cressman:	 Soloist, Trombone
Jaime Dubberly:	 Trombone
Mara Fox:	 Trombone
Derek James:	 Lead, Trombone
Mike Rinta:	 Arranger, Composer, Soloist, Trombone

Henry Hung:	 Trumpet
Louis Fasman:	 Lead, Trumpet
Jeff Lewis:	 Trumpet
Larry Lunetta:	 Trumpet
Tom Poole	: Trumpet
Jonathan Ruff:	 Trumpet

Camilo Landau:	 Guitar (Electric)
Ray Obiedo:	 Featured Artist, Guest Artist, Guitar

Marcos Torres:	 Engineer
Steve Feasley:	 Engineer
Michael Lazarus:	 Mastering

Jack Eastgate:	 Artwork
Vanessa Ayala:  Graphic Design

Awards and nominations
2014 Grammy Award for "Best Tropical Latin Album"

References

External links
Official website

American salsa groups
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 2010
Musical groups from San Francisco
Latin jazz musicians
Spanish-language singers of the United States
2010 establishments in California


title: Khusrau Firuz

text:
Khusrau Firuz was a Justanid king who ruled briefly in 919. He was the brother and successor of Ali of Dailam. Before becoming the ruler of the Justanids, Khusrau Firuz aided his brother Ali in murdering their brother Justan III. Ali then crowned himself as the new ruler of the Justanids, but was shortly killed by the Sallarid ruler Muhammad bin Musafir, who was Justan's son-in-law. Khusrau Firuz then succeeded him as the ruler of the Justanids, but was also killed by Muhammad bin Musafir. Khusrau Firuz was then succeeded by his son Siyahchashm.

Sources

919 deaths
10th-century Iranian people
Justanids
Year of birth unknown


title: Adrien Monfray

text:
Adrien-Mehdi Monfray (born 20 December 1990) is a French professional footballer who plays for Grenoble Foot 38 as a defender.

Personal life
Born in France, Monfray is of Algerian descent.

Career statistics

References

External links

 Adrien Monfray profile at foot-national.com

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Nice
Men's association football defenders
French men's footballers
French sportspeople of Algerian descent
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 3 players
CA Bastia players
Stade Lavallois players
USC Corte players
US Orléans players
Grenoble Foot 38 players


title: 1929–30 Lancashire Cup

text:
The 1929–30 Lancashire Cup was the 22nd occasion on which this regional rugby league competition had been held. Warrington won the trophy by beating Salford in the final by 15-2. The match was played at Central Park, Wigan. The attendance at the final was 21,012 and receipts £1,250.

Background
The number of teams entering this year’s competition remained at 13 which resulted in 3 byes in the first round.

The semi-final clash between Salford and Swinton took two replays to decide. This resulted in Salford playing 5 matches (a semi-final, a league match, two replays and a final) within 11 days.

Competition and results

Round 1
Involved  5 matches (with three byes) and 13 clubs

Round 2 - quarter-finals

Round 3 – semi-finals

Final

Teams and scorers

Scoring - Try = three points; Goal = two  points; Drop goal = two  points

The road to success

See also
1929–30 Northern Rugby Football League season

Notes
 1 This was the first Lancashire Cup match to be played on this new ground.
 2 Central Park was the home ground of Wigan.

References

RFL Lancashire Cup
Lancashire Cup


title: Nik Mohammad

text:
Mohammad (, also Romanized as Nīk Moḩammad) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51, in 12 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Padehi, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Padehi (, also Romanized as Padeh’ī and Padehī; also known as Padai, Padā’ī, Padegī, and Padī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 33 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Piran, Hirmand

text:
Piran (, also Romanized as Pīrān; also known as Deh-e Pīrān and Gholām‘alī-ye Pīrān) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 573, in 136 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Equine atypical myopathy

text:
Equine atypical myopathy, also known as atypical myoglobinuria, or EAM is a fatal disease of horses (equidae) characterized by acute rhabdomyolysis. It is caused by the ingestion of the seeds or young shoots of sycamore tree. EAM has a high fatality rate.

Cause
Atypical myopathy is a commonly fatal form of equine rhabdomyolysis caused by the toxin Hypoglycin A (HGA). HGA is a naturally-occurring amino acid contained by trees and shrubs of Acer genus. Horses can become poisoned by eating the seeds or seedlings of  Acer pseudoplatanus (called Sycamore in the UK or more widely Sycamore Maple) or Acer negundo (Box Elder). The amount of HGA in sycamore seeds may vary. The toxin affects the functioning of horse’s muscle cells by slowing down or stopping the energy production.

Even if atypical myopathy is not contagious it can affect either to individual horse or several horses in the same stock. Some horses may be more resistant to the toxin than others due to genetic differences and different grazing habitats.

Changes in weather conditions and temperature may contribute to the propensity of being affected, which is the reason why many cases are reported during autumn and spring.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be confirmed by clinical examination and laboratory tests. In most cases treatment needs to be started before getting the laboratory test results as the confirmation of diagnosis may take several days.

First symptoms are usually muscular weakness, soreness and stiffness causing problems with walking and breathing. Within hours of first symptoms horse may be unable to stand and in 72 hours of the onset of signs mortalities may occur. The mortality rate of atypical myopathy is high; only 30-40% of affected horses survive.

EAM affected horse’s urine is dark red or brown. Sweating and muscle trembling can be observed while moving. Horses may hang their heads down and be apathetic. Symptoms resemble colic symptoms except that EAM affected horse doesn’t lose appetite. The body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate may be normal in some cases.

Prevention
As treatment is still unsuccessful in the majority of cases the main emphasis is on prevention. Risk of atypical myopathy can be reduced by checking pasture for sycamore plants regularly and avoid letting horses graze in pastures where are sycamore trees. In case there are fallen sycamore leaves and seeds in pasture they should be cleaned from the ground. Fresh and clean water should be easily accessible all the time. Keeping the stock size appropriate reduces the risk as there is enough proper grazing for every horse. Taking care of regular vaccinations and anthelmintic treatments decreases the risk. The presence of HGA in pasture can be tested by submitting a sample to laboratory.

Treatment
EAM affected horses are in need of intensive care. There is no antitoxin for HGA but some medications can be used to stop absorption of the toxin. Symptomatic treatment includes intravenous fluid therapy, supplementation of glucose and insulin as well as administration of carnitine, vitamin E, selenium and riboflavin. Anti-inflammatory medication is used to decrease the pain and possibly increase the chance to survive. Supportive therapy includes the regular emptying of the bladder. Affected horse should be kept warm.

Horses usually recover completely if they survive the first days after being affected. Recovery may still take several months.

References

External links
 Equine Atypical Myopathy: The disease

Horse diseases


title: Pakir Mahmud

text:
Pakir Mahmud (, also Romanized as Pakīr Maḩmūd) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 20 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Palgi, Hirmand

text:
Palgi (, also Romanized as Palgī and Polagī; also known as Polakī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 151, in 37 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Rig-e Muri

text:
Rig-e Muri (, also Romanized as Rīg-e Mūrī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 53, in 11 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Sadif

text:
Sadif (, also Romanized as Şadīf; also known as Şadaf Sanchūlī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 91, in 20 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Seyyed Khan, Qorqori

text:
Seyyed Khan (, also Romanized as Seyyed Khān; also known as Seyyed Khān Bar Āhū’ī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 4 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Samad-e Deh-e Mardeh

text:
Samad-e Deh-e Mardeh (, also Romanized as Şamad-e Deh-e Mardeh) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 25, in 5 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Saravani

text:
Saravani (, also Romanized as Sarāvānī) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 318, in 68 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Tappeh Kaniz

text:
Tappeh Kaniz (, also Romanized as Tappeh Kanīz) is a village in Qorqori Rural District, Qorqori District, Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 464, in 98 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Military Museum of North Florida

text:
The Military Museum of North Florida is a museum of military artifacts in Green Cove Springs, Clay County, Florida. The museum includes ship models, military vehicles, uniforms, weapons, equipment, and flags. Established in 2007, the museum is located at 1 Bunker Ave. at the corner of State Road 16.

The museum opened in 2008 in the Reynolds Park complex, on the site of the former Green Cove Springs naval air station.  A permanent D-Day exhibit was added in 2013.  The museum was invited to display a selection of exhibits at the Coke Zero 400 race at Daytona International Speedway in July 2013.

See also
Naval Air Station Green Cove Springs

References

External links
 Military Museum of North Florida official site

Museums established in 2007
Military and war museums in Florida
2007 establishments in Florida
Museums in Clay County, Florida


title: Walking Shapes

text:
Walking Shapes is a five-piece rock band from New York City.

Background
The band formed in late 2012 by Nathaniel Hoho (lead vocals, guitar); Jesse Kotansky (guitar, violin, backup vocals); Dan Krysa (bass, backup vocals); Christopher Heinz (drummer); and Jake Generalli (Keyboardist). They released their first EP Mixtape Vol. 1 through record label No Shame in July 2013. The quintet then took up residence at NYC clubs Pianos and Baby's All Right. On April 8, 2014, the band released their debut EP Taka Come On, an album that was recorded in SoHo with producer Gus Oberg (The Strokes, Willie Nelson, and Ryan Adams). The band played 24 shows in 24 hours throughout New York City on April 24, 2014 to coincide with the official release of Taka Come On. The band has also received radio airplay on the BBC 6  with their song 'Feel Good'  and 'Winter Fell.' In 2015, Walking Shapes' song "Feel Good" won the award for "Indie/Alt. Rock" category at The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards.

In 2015 The band has toured internationally, playing alongside artists such as The 1975, The Strokes’ Albert Hammond Jr., Chromeo, Run the Jewels, The Temper Trap, and Leon Bridges.

Discography

LPs
Taka Come On

EPs
Mixtape (Vol. 1)

Singles
"Pusher"
"Keep"
"Horse"
"Woah Tiger"
"Winter Fell"
"Feel Good"

Awards and nominations

The 14th Annual Independent Music Awards

References

External links
Official Website

Indie pop groups from New York (state)
Indie rock musical groups from New York (state)
Musical groups established in 2012
Musical groups from New York City
2012 establishments in New York City


title: Immunomodulatory imide drug

text:
Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group. The IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and iberdomide). These drugs may also be referred to as 'Cereblon modulators'. Cereblon (CRBN) is the protein targeted by this class of drugs.

The name "IMiD" alludes to both "IMD" for "immunomodulatory drug" and the forms imide, imido-, imid-, and imid.

The development of analogs of thalidomide was precipitated by the discovery of the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug yielding a new way of fighting cancer as well as some inflammatory diseases after it had been banned in 1961. The problems with thalidomide included; teratogenic side effects, high incidence of other adverse reactions, poor solubility in water and poor absorption from the intestines.

In 1998 thalidomide was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) under strict regulations. This has led to the development of a number of analogs with fewer side effects and increased potency which include lenalidomide and pomalidomide, which are currently marketed and manufactured by Celgene.

History

Thalidomide was originally released in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) under the label of Contergan on October 1, 1957, by Chemie Grünenthal (now Grünenthal). The drug was primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic, but it was also used as an antiemetic for morning sickness in pregnant women. The drug was banned in 1961 after its teratogenic properties were observed. The problems with thalidomide were, aside from the teratogenic side effects, both high incidence of other adverse reactions along with poor solubility in water and absorption from the intestines. Adverse reactions include peripheral neuropathy in large majority of patients, constipation, thromboembolism along with dermatological complications.

Four years after thalidomide was withdrawn from the market for its ability to induce severe birth defects, its anti-inflammatory properties were discovered when patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) used thalidomide as a sedative and it reduced both the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. Thalidomide was discovered to inhibit tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in 1991 (5a Sampaio, Sarno, Galilly Cohn and Kaplan, JEM 173 (3) 699–703, 1991) . TNF-α is a cytokine produced by macrophages of the immune system, and also a mediator of inflammatory response. Thus the drug is effective against some inflammatory diseases such as ENL (6a Sampaio, Kaplan, Miranda, Nery..... JID 168 (2) 408-414 2008). In 1994 Thalidomide was found to have anti-angiogenic activity and anti-tumor activity which propelled the initiation of clinical trials for cancer including multiple myeloma. The discovery of the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of thalidomide increased the interest of further research and synthesis of safer analogs.

Lenalidomide is the first analog of thalidomide which is marketed. It is considerably more potent than its parent drug with only two differences at a molecular level, with an added amino group at position 4 of the phthaloyl ring and removal of a carbonyl group from the phthaloyl ring.
Development of lenalidomide began in the late 1990s and clinical trials of lenalidomide began in 2000. In October 2001 lenalidomide was granted orphan status for the treatment of MM. In mid-2002 it entered phase II and by early 2003 phase III. In February 2003 FDA granted fast-track status to lenalidomide for the treatment of relapsed or refractory MM.
In 2006 it was approved for the treatment of MM along with dexamethasone and in 2007 by European Medicines Agency (EMA). In 2008, phase II trial observed efficacy in treating Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Pomalidomide (3-aminothalidomide) was the second thalidomide analog to enter the clinic being more potent than both of its predecessors.
First reported in 2001, pomalidomide was noted to directly inhibit myeloma cell proliferation and thus inhibiting MM both on the tumor and vascular compartments. This dual activity of pomalidomide makes it more efficacious than thalidomide both in vitro and in vivo. This effect is not related to TNF-α inhibition since potent TNF-α inhibitors such as rolipram and pentoxifylline did not inhibit myeloma cell growth nor angiogenesis. Upregulation of interferon gamma, IL-2 and IL-10 have been reported for pomalidomide and may contribute to its anti-angiogenic and anti-myeloma activities.

Development
The thalidomide molecule is a synthetic derivative of glutamic acid and consists of a glutarimide ring and a phthaloyl ring (Figure 5). Its IUPAC name is 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindole-1,3-dione and it has one chiral center
After thalidomide's selective inhibition of TNF-α had been reported, a renewed effort was put in thalidomide's clinical development. The clinical development led to the discovery of new analogs which strived to have improved activities and decreased side effects.

Clinically, thalidomide has always been used as a racemate. Generally the S-isomer is associated with the infamous teratogenic effects of thalidomide and the R-isomer is devoid of the teratogenic properties but conveys the sedative effects, however this view is highly debated and it has been argued that the animal model that these different R- and S-effects were seen in was not sensitive to the thalidomide teratogenic effects. Later reports in rabbits, which is a sensitive species, unveiled teratogenic effects from both isomers. Moreover, thalidomide enantiomers have been shown to be interconversed in vivo due to the acidic chiral hydrogen in the asymmetric center (shown, for the EM-12 analog, in Figure 3), so the plan to administer a purified single enantiomer to avoid the teratogenic effects will most likely be in vain.

Development of lenalidomide and pomalidomide

One of the analogs of interest was made by isoindolinone replacement of the phthaloyl ring. It was given the name EM-12 (Figure 3). This replacement was thought to increase the bioavailability of the substance because of increased stability. The molecule had been reported to be an even more potent teratogenic agent than thalidomide in rats, rabbits and monkeys. Additionally, these analogs are more potent inhibitors of angiogenesis than thalidomide. As well, the amino-thalidomide and amino-EM-12 were potent inhibitors of TNF-α. These two analogs later got the name lenalidomide, which is the EM-12 amino analog, and pomalidomide, the thalidomide amino analog.

Medical use
The primary use of IMiDs in medicine is in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases (including one that is a response to the infection leprosy). Indications for these agents that have received regulatory approval include:

 Myelodysplastic syndrome, a precursor condition to acute myeloid leukaemia
 Erythema nodosum, a complication of leprosy
 Multiple myeloma

Off-label indications for which they seem promising treatments include:
 Hodgkin's lymphoma
 Light chain-associated (AL) amyloidosis
 Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
 Prostate cancer
 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)

Thalidomide
Thalidomide has been approved by the FDA for ENL and MM in combination with dexamethasone. EMA has also approved it to treat MM in combination with prednisone and/or melphalan. Orphan indications by the FDA include graft-versus-host disease, mycobacterial infection, recurrent aphthous ulcers, severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis, primary brain malignancies, AIDS-associated wasting syndrome, Crohn's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Lenalidomide
Lenalidomide is approved in nearly 70 countries, in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with MM who have received at least one prior therapy. Orphan indications include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma.
Lenalidomide is also approved for transfusion-dependent anemia due to low or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities in the U.S., Canada, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Israel and several Latin American countries, while marketing authorization application is currently being evaluated in a number of other countries.
Numerous clinical trials are already in the pipeline or being conducted to explore further use for lenalidomide, alone or in combination with other drugs. Some of these indications include acute myeloid leukemia, follicular lymphoma, MALT lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome and more.

Pomalidomide
Pomalidomide was submitted for FDA approval on April 26, 2012 and on 21 June it was announced that the drug would get standard FDA review. A marketing authorization application was filed to EMA 21 June 2012, where a decision could come as soon as early 2013. EMA has already granted pomalidomide an orphan designation for primary myelofibrosis, MM, systemic sclerosis, post-polycythaemia and post-essential thrombocythaemia myelofibrosis.

Adverse effects
The major toxicities of approved IMiDs are peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, anaemia and venous thromboembolism. There may be an increased risk of secondary malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukaemia in those receiving IMiDs.

Teratogenicity
Thalidomide's teratogenicity has been a subject of much debate and over the years numerous hypotheses have been proposed. Two of the best-known have been the anti-angiogenesis hypothesis and oxidative stress model hypothesis, with considerable experimental evidence supporting these two hypotheses regarding thalidomide's teratogenicity.

Recently, new findings have emerged that suggest a novel mechanism of teratogenicity. Cereblon is a 51 kDa protein localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus and peripheral membrane of cells in numerous parts of the body. It acts as a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulating various developmental processes, including embryogenesis, carcinogenesis and cell cycle regulation, through degradation (ubiquitination) of unknown substrates. Thalidomide has been shown to bind to cereblon, inhibiting the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in accumulation of the ligase substrates and downregulation of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and FGF10. This disrupts the positive feedback loop between the two growth factors, possibly causing both multiple birth defects and anti-myeloma effects.

Findings also support the hypothesis that an increase in the expression of cereblon is an essential element of the anti-myeloma effect of both lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Cereblon expression was three times higher in responding patients compared to non-responders and higher cereblon expression was also associated with partial or full response while lower expression was associated with stable or progressive disease.

Mechanism of action
Their mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but it is known that they inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 6 and immunoglobulin G and VEGF (which leads to its anti-angiogenic effects), co-stimulates T cells and NK cells and increases interferon gamma and interleukin 2 production. Their teratogenic effects appear to be mediated by binding to cereblon.

Thalidomide and its analogs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are believed to act in a similar fashion even though their exact mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. It is believed that they work through different mechanisms in various diseases. The net effect is probably due to different mechanisms combined. Mechanism of action will be explained in light of today's knowledge.

Thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide

Altering cytokine production
Thalidomide and its immune-modulating analogs alter the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The analogs are believed to inhibit the production of TNF-α, where the analogs are up to 50.000 times more potent in vitro than the parent drug thalidomide. The mechanism is believed to be through enhanced degradation of TNF-α mRNA, resulting in diminished amounts of this pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted. This explains the effect of thalidomide when given to ENL patients, as they commonly have high levels of TNF-α in their blood and in dermatological lesions. In contrast, in vitro assay demonstrated that TNF-α is actually enhanced in T-cell activation, where CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated by anti-CD3 which was later confirmed in an early phase trials involving solid tumors and inflammatory dermatologic diseases.
IL-12 is another cytokine both suppressed and enhanced by thalidomide and its analogs. When monocytes are stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, IL-12 production is suppressed but during T-cell stimulation the production is enhanced.

Lenalidomide is believed to be about 1000 times more potent in vitro than thalidomide in anti-inflammatory properties and pomalidomide about 10 times more potent than lenalidomide. It is worth noticing however that, when comparing lenalidomide and pomalidomide, clinical relevance of higher in vitro potency is unclear since maximum tolerated dose of pomalidomide is 2 mg daily compared to 25 mg for lenalidomide, leading to 10-100 times lower plasma drug concentration of pomalidomide.

T-cell activation
Thalidomide and its analogs help with the co-stimulation of T-cells through the B7-CD28 complex by phosphorylating tyrosine on the CD28 receptor. In vitro data suggests this co-stimulation leads to increased Th1 type cytokine release of IFN-γ and IL-2 that further stimulates clonal T cell proliferation and natural killer cell proliferation and activity. This enhances natural and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide are about 100-1000 times more potent in stimulating T-cell clonal proliferation than thalidomide. In addition, in vitro data suggests pomalidomide reverts Th2 cells into Th1 by enhancing transcription factor T-bet.

Anti-angiogenesis
Angiogenesis or the growth of new blood vessels has been reported to correspond with MM progression where vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, bFGF and IL-6 appear to be required for endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis. Thalidomide and its analogs are believed to suppress angiogenesis through modulation of the above-mentioned factors where potency in anti-angiogenic activity for lenalidomide and pomalidomide was 2-3 times higher than for thalidomide in various in vivo assays, Thalidomide has also been shown to block NF-κB activity through the blocking of IL-6, and NF-κB has been shown to be involved in angiogenesis. Inhibition of TNF-α is not the mechanism of thalidomide's inhibition of angiogenesis since numerous other TNF-α inhibitors do not inhibit angiogenesis.

Anti-tumor activity
In vivo anti-tumor activity of thalidomide is believed to be due to the potent anti-angiogenic effect and also through changes in cytokine expression. In vitro assays on apoptosis in MM cells have been shown, when treated with thalidomide and its analogs, to upregulate the activity of caspase-8. This causes cross talking of apoptotic signaling between caspase-8 and caspase-9 leading to indirect upregulation of caspase-9 activity. Further anti-tumor activity is mediated through the inhibition of apoptosis protein-2 and pro-survival effects of IGF-1, increasing sensitivity to FAS mediated cell death and enhancement of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand. They have also been shown to cause dose dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in leukemia cell lines where the analogs showed 100 times more potency than thalidomide.

Bone marrow environment
The role of angiogenesis in the support of myeloma was first discovered by Vacca in 1994. They discovered increased bone marrow angiogenesis correlates with myeloma growth and supporting stromal cells are a significant source for angiogenic molecules in myeloma. This is believed to be a main component of the mechanism in vivo by which thalidomide inhibits multiple myeloma.

Additionally, inflammatory responses within the bone marrow are believed to foster many hematological diseases. The secretion of IL-6 by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and the secretion of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and LFA, is induced in the presence of TNF-α and the adhesion of MM cells to BMSC. In vitro proliferation of MM cell lines and inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis is promoted by IL-6. Thalidomide and its analogs directly decrease the up-regulation of IL-6 and indirectly through TNF-α, thereby reducing the secretion of adhesion molecules leading to fewer MM cells adhering to BMSC. Osteoclasts become highly active during MM, leading to bone resorption and secretion of various MM survival factors. They decrease the levels of adhesion molecules paramount to osteoclast activation, decrease the formation of the cells that form osteoclasts and downregulate cathepsin K, an important cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts.

Structure-activity relationship

Since the mechanism of action of thalidomide and its analogs is not fully clear and the bioreceptor for these substances has not been identified, the insight into the relationship between the structure and activity of thalidomide and its analogs are mostly derived from molecular modelling and continued research investigation.
The information on SAR of thalidomide and its analogs is still in process so any trends detailed here are observed during individual studies.
Research has mainly focused on improving the TNF-α and PDE4 inhibition of thalidomide, as well as the anti-angiogenesis activity.

TNF-α inhibitors (not via PDE4)
Research indicated that a substitution at the phthaloyl ring would increase TNF-α inhibition activity (Figure 5). An amino group substitution was tested at various locations on the phthaloyl ring (C4, C5, C6, C7) of thalidomide and EM-12 (previously described). Amino addition at the C4 location on both thalidomide and EM-12 resulted in much more potent inhibition of TNF-α. This also revealed that the amino group needed to be directly opposite the carbonyl group on the isoindolinone ring system for the most potent activity. These analogs do not inhibit PDE4 and therefore do not act by PDE4 inhibition. Other additions of longer and bigger groups at the C4 and C5 position of the phthaloyl ring system of thalidomide, some with an olefin functionality, have been tested with various results. Increased inhibitory effect, compared to thalidomide, was noticed with the groups that had an oxygen atom attached directly to the C5 or C4 olefin. Iodine and bromine addition at C4 or C5 resulted in equal or decreased activity compared to thalidomide. These groups were not compared with lenalidomide or pomalidomide.

PDE4 inhibitors

The common structure for analogs that inhibit TNF-α via inhibition of PDE4 is prepared on the basis of hydrolysing the glutarimide ring of thalidomide. These analogs do not have an acidic chiral hydrogen, unlike thalidomide, and would therefore be expected to be chirally stable.

On the phenyl ring, a 3,4-dialkoxyphenyl moiety (Figure 6) is a known pharmacophore in PDE4 inhibitors such as rolipram. Optimal activity is achieved with a methoxy group at the 4-position (X2) and a bigger group, such as cyclopentoxy at the 3-position carbon (X3). However the thalidomide PDE4 inhibitory analogs do not follow the SAR of rolipram analogs directly. For thalidomide analogs, an ethoxy group at X3 and a methoxy group at X2, with X1 being just a hydrogen, gave the highest PDE4 and TNF-α inhibition. Substitutes larger than diethoxy at the X2–X3 position had decreased activity. The effects of these substitutions seem to be mediated by steric effects.

For the Y-position, a number of groups have been explored. Substituted amides that were larger than methylamide (CONHCH3) decrease PDE4 inhibition activity. Using a carboxylic acid as a starting point, an amide group has similar PDE4 inhibition activity but both groups were shown to be a considerably less potent than a methyl ester group, which had about six-fold increase in PDE4 inhibitory activity. Sulfone group had similar PDE4 inhibition as the methyl ester group. The best PDE4 inhibition was observed when a nitrile group was attached, which has 32 times more PDE4 inhibitory activity than the carboxyl acid. Substituents at Y leading to increasing PDE4 inhibitory activity thus followed the order:

 COOH ≤ CONH2 ≤ COOCH3 ≤ SO2CH3 < CN

Substitutions on the phthaloyl ring have been explored and it was noticed that nitro groups at the C4 or C5 location decreased activity but C4 or C5 amino substitution increased it dramatically. When the substitution at the 4 (Z) location on the phthaloyl ring was examined, hydroxyl and methoxy groups seem to make the analog a less potent PDE4 inhibitor. An increase in activity was observed with amino and dimethylamino to a similar extent but a methyl group improved the activity further than the aforementioned groups. A 4-N-acetylamino group had slightly lower PDE4 inhibitory activity, compared with the methyl group, but increased the compound's TNF-α inhibitory activity to a further extent. Substituents at Z leading to increasing PDE4 inhibitory activity thus followed the order:

 N(CH3)2 ≤ NH2 < NHC(O)CH3 < CH3

Angiogenesis inhibition

For angiogenesis inhibition activity, an intact glutarimide ring seems to be required. Different groups were tested in the R position. The substances that had nitrogen salts as the R group showed good activity. The improved angiogenesis inhibitory activity could be due to increased solubility or that the positively charged nitrogen has added interaction with the active site. Tetrafluorination of the phthaloyl ring seems to increase the angiogenesis inhibition.

Synthesis

Described below are schemes for synthesizing thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, as reported from prominent primary literature. Note that these synthesis schemes do not necessarily reflect the organic synthesis strategies used to synthesize these single chemical entities.

Thalidomide

Synthesis of thalidomide has usually been performed as seen in scheme 1. This synthesis is a reasonably simplistic three step process. The downside of this process however is that the last step requires a high-temperature melt reaction which demands multiple recrystallizations and is not compliant with standard equipment.

Scheme 2 is the newer synthesis route which was designed to make the reaction more direct and to produce better yields. This route uses L-glutamine rather than L-glutamic acid as a starting material and by letting it react with N-carbethoxyphthalimide gives N-phthaloyl-L-glutamine (4), with 50–70% yield. The substance 4 is then stirred in a mixture with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) with enough 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to catalyze the reaction and heated to reflux for 15–18 hours. During the reflux thalidomide crystallizes out of the mixture. The final step gives 85–93% yield of thalidomide, bringing the total yield to 43–63%.

Lenalidomide and pomalidomide

Both of the amino analogs are prepared from the condensation of 3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione hydrochloride (Compound 3) which is synthesized in a two step reaction from commercially available Cbz-L-glutamine. The Cbz-L-glutamine is treated with CDI in refluxing THF to yield Cbz-aminoglutarimide. To remove the Cbz protecting group hydrogenolysis, under 50–60 psi of hydrogen with 10% Pd/C mixed with ethyl acetate and HCl, was performed. The formulated hydrochloride (Compound 3 in Scheme 3) was then reacted with 3-nitrophthalic anhydride in refluxing acetic acid to yield the 4-nitro substituted thalidomide analog and the nitro group then reduced with hydrogenation to give pomalidomide.

Lenalidomide is synthesized in a similar way using compound 3 (3-aminopiperidine-2,6-dione) treated with a nitro-substituted methyl 2-(bromomethyl) benzoate, and hydrogenation of the nitro group.

Pharmacokinetics

Thalidomide

Lenalidomide

Pomalidomide

See also

Cancer
Multiple myeloma
Drug design
Thalidomide
Lenalidomide
Pomalidomide
Apremilast
Organic chemistry
Health crisis
Immunomodulation therapy
Immunosuppressant
Immunomodulatory drug

References

Glutarimides
Immunosuppressants
Phthalimides
Teratogens
Medicinal chemistry
Drug discovery
PDE4 inhibitors
Orphan drugs
TNF inhibitors


title: Maryam Goumbassian

text:
Maryam Goumbassian (; 1831, Constantinople – 1909) was an Ottoman Armenian actress. She belonged to the very first group of female actors in the Ottoman Empire, having debuted in 1862. Prior to her career on stage, she had been a governess. She retired in 1884.

References
 Duygu Köksal,Anastasia Falierou: A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives
 Women in the Ottoman Empire by Eric R Dursteler, Oxford Reference Online

1831 births
1909 deaths
19th-century actresses from the Ottoman Empire
Ethnic Armenian actresses
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
19th-century Armenian actors
Stage actresses from the Ottoman Empire


title: Jonathan Rivas

text:
Jonathan Angelito Salah Rivas-Marouani (born 25 January 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for  club Bourg-en-Bresse.

Club career
Born in La Seyne-sur-Mer, Rivas trained with Club de Bourges, winning the national U14 championship with the club. He spent two years at the training centre of Chamois Niortais before joining the Châteauroux, where he spent five years. He made his debut for the senior team on 26 April 2013, in a 0–0 Ligue 2 game against Auxerre. He signed his first professional contract with the club in the summer of 2013. In January 2014, he joined CA Bastia until the end of the 2013–14 season, in order to secure more game time. He scored his first senior goal whilst on loan at CA Bastia, the only goal in a 1–0 Ligue 2 win against Nancy on 17 January 2014.

In January 2015, Rivas left Châteauroux, signing an eighteen-month contract with Clermont. After having only made four league appearances in the first half of the 2015–16 season, he agreed to leave Clermont on a loan deal with Les Herbiers until the end of the season.

Rivas left Clermont at the end of his contract, and after a trial joined Pau in September 2016. After two seasons during which he played the majority of Championnat National games, in June 2018 he joined Lyon-Duchère (which rebranded to SC Lyon in June 2020).

On 22 November 2021, Rivas moved to Bourg-en-Bresse.

Personal life
Rivas was born in France to a Spanish father and a Tunisian mother.

Career statistics

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
People from La Seyne-sur-Mer
Footballers from Var (department)
Men's association football forwards
French men's footballers
French sportspeople of Tunisian descent
French people of Spanish descent
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National players
CA Bastia players
LB Châteauroux players
Clermont Foot players
Les Herbiers VF players
Pau FC players
Lyon La Duchère players
Football Bourg-en-Bresse Péronnas 01 players


title: Palgi

text:
Palgi or Polagi () may refer to:
 Palgi, Hirmand
 Palgi, Zahedan


title: Seyyed Khan

text:
Seyyed Khan () may refer to either of two villages in Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran:
 Seyyed Khan, Jahanabad
 Seyyed Khan, Qorqori


title: Vladimir Peshekhonov

text:
Vladimir Peshekhonov (Пешехонов, Владимир Игоревич ; born December 3, 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing within the Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk organization of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Peshekhonov made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with HC Spartak Moscow during the 2013–14 KHL season.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Atlant Moscow Oblast players
HC CSKA Moscow players
Russian ice hockey forwards
HC Sibir Novosibirsk players
HC Spartak Moscow players
Ice hockey people from Moscow


title: In:Demand

text:
In:Demand was the name of an English and Scottish syndicated radio program hosted by Stu Tolan. It was produced from Bauer Radio headquarters in Manchester, airing 1900 to 2200 on Sunday to Thursday nights on Bauer Place stations in England and Scotland.

On 17 February 2014 In:Demand England and In:Demand Scotland merged to create a single In:Demand programme, respective presenters Alex James and Romeo were dropped, with new presenter Stu Tolan introduced.

In October 2014, as part of wider changes to schedules on the Bauer stations, In:Demand was rescheduled to run on Sunday to Thursday nights, replacing prior local/regional Sunday night content including Scotland's In:Demand Uncut; the prior Friday night In:Demand slot was used for a new upbeat music show, Friday Night Floor Fillers.

The feature was dropped by Bauer on Monday 17 August and replaced by regional syndicates.

References

External links
 In:Demand

In:Demand


title: Monument to the Heroes of Warsaw

text:
The Monument to the Heroes of Warsaw, also known as the Warsaw Nike, is a statue located at the intersection of Nowy Przejazd (the New By-pass) and Aleja Solidarności (Solidarity Avenue) in Warsaw. The monument commemorates all those who died in the city in 1939 to 1945, including participants in the defense of Warsaw in September 1939, the participants of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising, and the victims of German terror in the occupied capital.

History
The decision to erect the monument was taken on July 30, 1956 by the Metropolitan National Council (National Council of the City of Warsaw). The first competition announced in February 1957 had received 196 entries from home and abroad, but it was inconclusive. In January 1959 there was a second contest, with the participation of the laureates and recipients of honorable mentions in the first contest. Of the 106 entries, the Warsaw's Nike by the sculptor Marian Konieczny and architects Zagremma and Adam Konieczny has won.

The statue shows a reclining woman rising up with a sword raised above her head in her right hand and her left hand also raised. The 10-ton sculpture is seven meters tall and six meters long. On the granite pedestal is the inscription: To the heroes of Warsaw from 1939 to 1945 (Bohaterom Warszawy 1939−1945).

The sculpture was cast at the Gliwice Technical Equipment Plant (Gliwickie Zakłady Urządzeń Technicznych S.A.). The biggest challenge was casting the sword weighing about 1000 kg. The special design of steel bars embedded inside it makes it very strong, as, in the wind, the sword can deviate from its position by up to 15 cm. The monument was transported in two parts from Silesia to Warszawa Gdańska station, north of the site.

The monument was unveiled on July 20, 1964 in Theatre Square, in front of the Grand Theatre (where the reconstructed Jabłonowski Palace now stands).

The construction of the monument was financed by social contributions and the Social Capital Reconstruction Fund.

Relocation

In the early 1990s, in connection with the restoration project north of the Theatre Square, it was necessary to move the monument to a new location.

On November 14, 1995 the monument was taken down from its pedestal and placed temporarily behind the reconstruction of the Jabłonowski Palace. An adaptation of the monument in its new location was commissioned from its designer, Marian Konieczny. During this work there was a disagreement about the height of the plinth. Marian Konieczny imagined Nike soaring into the clouds, and planned to place the monument on a very high 20-meter pedestal. The authorities disagreed, proposing a pedestal 6.5 meters high. Eventually, a compromise was reached with a plinth height of 14 meters.

The new base was designed by Marta Pinkiewicz-Woźniakowska. Since the monument was to be erected on the slope of an embankment made of rubble, it was necessary to create a deep foundation. The base is made of reinforced concrete imitating natural stone.

On December 15, 1997 the sculpture was placed on the new pedestal at its new location.

See also

 Warsaw Mermaid
 Warsaw Unicorn

Bibliography

 Lech Chmielewski Przewodnik warszawski: gawęda o nowej Warszawie, "Omnipress" Warszawa 1987
 Wiesław Głębocki: Warszawskie pomniki. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PTTK "Kraj", s. 42-44. .
 Irena Grzesiuk-Olszewska: Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2003, s. 121-123. .

Monuments and memorials in Warsaw
1964 in Poland
1964 sculptures
World War II monuments and memorials in Poland


title: Kenyon E. Giese

text:
Kenyon Ezra Giese (December 21, 1933August 7, 1975) was an American dairy farmer and Republican politician.  He was elected to three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Sauk County, but died of cancer in the first year of his third term.

Biography
Giese was born on December 21, 1933.  He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1955. From 1957 to 1959, he served in the United States Army.

Political career
Giese was elected to the Assembly in 1970 and reelected in 1972 and 1974. He was a Republican. He died in office on August 7, 1975, following surgery for a brain tumor. He is buried at Bethlehem United Methodist Church Cemetery in Black Hawk, Wisconsin.

References

Military personnel from Wisconsin
United States Army soldiers
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
1933 births
1975 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly


title: Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade – Women's 400 metres

text:
The women's 400 metres event at the 2001 Summer Universiade was held at the Workers Stadium in Beijing, China. The final took place on 28 and 29 August.

Medalists

Results

Heats
Held on 28 August

Semifinals
Held on 29 August

Final
Held on 29 August

References

Athletics at the 2001 Summer Universiade
2001 in women's athletics
2001


title: Albin Owings Kuhn

text:
Albin Owings Kuhn (January 31, 1916 – March 24, 2010) was a prominent figure in the University of Maryland system during the mid-twentieth century. He became the first chancellor of Baltimore Campuses in 1965, and is most notable for being the first chancellor of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County during its planning and early stages of operation. The main library, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery at UMBC is named after Kuhn.

Background

Albin Owings Kuhn was born on January 31, 1916, on a 215-acre farm in Woodbine, Maryland, in Carroll County. He attended elementary and high school in nearby Lisbon, Maryland. In 1934, he attended the University of Maryland, College Park majoring in Agricultural Education. Kuhn completed his bachelor's degree in 1938, and then subsequently completed his master's degree in Agronomy and Botany from College Park.

At the University of Maryland, College Park, Kuhn began teaching agronomy in 1940. During World War II he served in the U.S. Navy. From 1940 to 1946, Kuhn served in the Pacific Ocean, training personnel for amphibious landings. Upon returning to the United States, he led the Department of Agronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1948 to 1955. At the same time in 1948, he completed his Ph.D. in Plant Genetics and Physiology.

University of Maryland administration

Albin O. Kuhn became the university executive vice president for the College Park campus in 1958, instrumenting the planning of increasing the enrollment from 10,000 to 20,000 students. In 1965, he was named Chancellor of Baltimore Campuses, which then included the University of Maryland, Baltimore, and the planning of the new campus for the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in 1966. In addition, he became the first leader of the new campus from its founding up until 1971.

See also
 University of Maryland, Baltimore County
 University of Maryland, College Park
 University of Maryland, Baltimore

References

1916 births
2010 deaths
Presidents of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
People from Woodbine, Maryland
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
University of Maryland, College Park alumni


title: Research Object

text:
In computing, a Research Object is a method for the identification, aggregation and exchange of scholarly information on the Web. The primary goal of the research object approach is to provide a mechanism to associate related resources about a scientific investigation so that they can be shared using a single identifier. As such, research objects are an advanced form of Enhanced publication.

Current implementations build upon existing Web technologies and methods including Linked Data, HTTP, Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), the Open Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) and the Open Annotation model, as well as existing approaches for identification and knowledge representation in the scientific domain including Digital Object Identifiers for documents, ORCID identifiers for people, and the Investigation, Study, and Assay (ISA) data model.

Principles and motivation
The research object approach is primarily motivated by a desire to improve reproducibility of scientific investigations. Central to the proposal is need to share research artifacts commonly distributed across specialist repositories on the Web including supporting data, software executables, source code, presentation slides, presentation videos. Research Objects are not one specific technology but are instead guided by a set of principles. Specifically research objects are guided by three principles of identity, aggregation and annotation

 Digital identity - Use unique identifiers as names for things, such as DOIs for publications or data, and ORCID ids for researchers.
 Data aggregation - Use some form of aggregation to associated related things together that are part of the broader study, investigation etc. so that others may more readily discover those related resources.
 Annotation - Provide additional metadata about those things, how they relate to each other, their provenance, how they were produced etc.

A number of communities are developing the research object concept.

ROSC W3C activity
A W3C community group entitled the Research Objects for Scholarly Communication (ROSC) Community Group was started in April 2013. The community charter states that the goals of the ROSC activity are: "to exchange requirements and expectations for supporting a new form of scholarly communication"

The Community Group aims to produce the following types of deliverables:

 Use cases for the representation, publishing, and exchange of research objects on the Web
 Requirements and desiderata distilled from the use cases.
 A survey of related work on supporting the representation, publishing, and exchange of research objects.
 Various best practices and guidelines towards a community-wide practice of sharing, citing, and exchanging of research objects

FAIR digital objects
The FAIR digital object forum is a community that brings together experts from the FAIR data movement, semantic web, and digital publishing of scholarly work. The first conference on FAIR digital objects led the coalition to ratify the Leiden Declaration  on FAIR digital objects. The principles contained in the Leiden Declaration provides a prescriptive framework for infrastructure development around digital research objects. This framework draws from the FAIR data principles and ideas around distributed infrastructure that relies on open protocols to prevent vendor lock-in and ensure access that is "as open as possible, as restricted as necessary".

Github and Figshare
The Mozilla Science Lab have initiated an activity in collaboration with GitHub and Figshare to develop "Code as research object". The initial proposal of the activity is to allow users to transfer code from a GitHub repository to figshare, and provide that code with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), providing a permanent record of the code that can be cited in future publications.

References

Scholarly communication
Information systems


title: Amir, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Amir (, also Romanized as Amīr; also known as Deh-e Amīr) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 5 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Asheqan, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Asheqan (, also Romanized as ‘Āsheqān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136, in 21 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Azad, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Azad (, also Romanized as Āzād; also known as Sāsūkī-ye Āzād) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 238, in 44 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Abbas Shah Gol

text:
Abbas Shah Gol (, also Romanized as ʿAbbās Shāh Gol) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 7 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Bar Ahui, Hirmand

text:
Bar Ahui (, also Romanized as Bar Āhū’ī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 10 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Chaluki

text:
Chaluki (, also Romanized as Chalūkī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 21 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Dadkhoda-ye Sasuli

text:
Dadkhoda-ye Sasuli (, also Romanized as Dādkhodā-ye Sāsūlī; also known as Dādkhodā-ye Golmīr) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 430, in 84 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Dad Zari

text:
Dad Zari (, also Romanized as Dād Zarī; also known as Dāz Darī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 122, in 20 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Ahmad, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Deh-e Ahmad (, also Romanized as Deh-e Aḩmad) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 9 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Amir

text:
Deh-e Amir (, also Romanized as Deh-e Amīr; also known as Deh-e Amīr Khān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50, in 9 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Khirbet ar-Ras al-Ahmar

text:
Khirbet ar-Ras al-Ahmar is a small Palestinian village in the Tubas Governorate of the West Bank. The village is located in Area C of the West Bank, and Israel has designated it a closed military zone for weapons training. In 2017, the village has 74 residents.

References

External links
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 12:

Villages in the West Bank


title: Bar Ahui

text:
Bar Ahui () may refer to:
 Bar Ahui, Hirmand
 Bar Ahui, Zabol


The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) is an American professional association of immunologists, asthma specialists and allergists. The organization is headquartered in Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States of America.

Background
The academy was founded in 1942, as The American College of Allergists and was incorporated as a legal entity in the same year. The founders were passionate about establishing the field of Allergy and Immunology as a distinct medical specialty. In 1974, The American Board of Allergy and Immunology (ABAI) was established, further delineating the specialty.

See also
 American Medical Association

References

External links
 Official website

1942 establishments in Illinois
Arlington Heights, Illinois
Medical associations based in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Illinois
Organizations established in 1942
Immunology organizations


title: Deh-e Anushirvan

text:
Deh-e Anushirvan (, also Romanized as Deh-e Anūshīrvān; also known as Anūshīrvān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 243, in 48 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Abdollah, Sistan and Baluchestan

text:
Deh-e Abdollah (, also Romanized as Deh-e ‘Abdollāh; also known as ‘Abdollāh) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 321, in 51 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Gol Mir

text:
Deh-e Gol Mir (, also Romanized as Deh-e Gol Mīr; also known as Golmīr) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 128, in 27 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Gholam Mohammad Sarani

text:
Deh-e Gholam Mohammad Sarani (, also Romanized as Deh-e Gholām Moḩammad Sārānī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 36, in 6 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Gholam Naruyi

text:
Deh-e Gholam Naruyi (, also Romanized as Deh-e Gholām Nārūyī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 14 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Hajji Abbas Khan

text:
Deh-e Hajji Abbas Khan (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩājjī ‘Abbās Khān; also known as Deh-e Ḩājj ‘Abbās Khān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 439, in 85 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Hajji Abdol Rahim Rakhshani

text:
Deh-e Hajji Abdol Rahim Rakhshani (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩājjī ʿAbdol Raḩīm Rakhshānī) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. In the 2006 Iranian census the village was home to 26 families, totaling 128 people.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Hatam

text:
Deh-e Hatam (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩātam) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 187, in 40 families.

2023 clashes

Border clashes took place on the Afghanistan-Iran border in May 2023, during which Deh-e Hatam came under attack by Taliban forces, though the attack was repelled.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Khamr

text:
Deh-e Khamr (, also Romanized as Deh Khamr; also known as Khammar and Khamr) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District of the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran.

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 1,030 in 207 households, when it was in the former Hirmand District of Zabol County. The following census in 2011 counted 1,261 people in 275 households. By the time of the census, Hirmand District had been separated from Zabol County to form Hirmand County. It was then divided into the Central and Qorqori Districts. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 1,119 people in 260 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.

References

Hirmand County

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Deh-e Hoseyn Ali Khan

text:
Deh-e Hoseyn Ali Khan (, also Romanized as Deh-e Ḩoseyn ʿAlī Khān and Deh-e Ḩoseyn‘alī Khān; also known as Ḩoseyn-e ‘Alī Khān) is a village in Dust Mohammad Rural District, in the Central District of Hirmand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 453, in 89 families.

References

Populated places in Hirmand County


title: Christian Bracconi

text:
Christian Bracconi (born 25 November 1960) is a French-Italian former footballer who played as a forward, and a current manager of R.E. Virton. During his playing days, Bracconi played for SC Bastia in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2.

Playing career
Bracconi started his career in Ligue 1 with SC Bastia, whom he played for from 1980 to 1983. After spending three seasons with Bastia, Bracconi signed for Racing Besançon in Ligue 2. While at Besançon Bracconi enjoyed the best time of his career in which he scored 20 goals in his three seasons with the club in the second division. He then made the move back to Ligue 1 with FC Metz where he stayed for two seasons before moving back to Ligue 2 with former club SC Bastia. In 1991, after spending three seasons with Bastia, Bracconi retired from professional football.

Coaching career
On 4 November 2013, after Ligue 1 club AC Ajaccio sacked Fabrizio Ravanelli, Bracconi was made interim manager of the club. His first match in charge was on 9 November 2013 against Toulouse in which his side took the lead early in the 7th minute through Paul Lasne before giving away the equaliser in the 42nd minute as the match ended 1–1. His first league victory as manager of the club eventually came on 8 February 2014 against Rennes in which his side won 3–1. In October 2014, Bracconi was dismissed.

On 13 June 2015, Bracconi was appointed as manager of Championnat National club CA Bastia. He was dismissed in November, with the club in last place. In May 2016, he became assistant to his former Metz teammate Albert Cartier at Sochaux, and left a year later at the end of his contract.

In November 2017, Bracconi moved abroad to Tubize in the Belgian First Division B, as assistant to Sadio Demba, and became manager days later. He suffered relegation in his first year but the club were reinstated due to the administrative relegation of Lierse, and his contract was renewed. He resigned in June 2019 after another descent.

On 5 December 2019, Bracconi returned to Belgium's second tier with R.E. Virton, succeeding the German Dino Toppmöller.

Managerial statistics
.

References

1960 births
Living people
Footballers from Constantine, Algeria
SC Bastia players
FC Metz players
Men's association football forwards
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
French men's footballers
French football managers
AC Ajaccio managers
Racing Besançon players
Pieds-Noirs
French expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Ligue 1 managers
Ligue 2 managers
INF Vichy players
FC Metz non-playing staff


title: L7a9d

text:
Mouad Belaghouat (; born in 1988), better known as L7a9d or El Haqed (), is a Moroccan rapper and human rights activist who rose to prominence when he was imprisoned for criticising Mohammed VI, the king of Morocco.

After two years in prison, he was released in 2013. In February 2014, he issued the album Waloo.

On 13 February 2014, the police raided a library where Belaghouat was holding a press conference, in which he intended to present his new album.

Third imprisonment
On 18 May 2014, L7a9d was arrested again at the entrance of the Mohamed V Stadium in Casablanca. He was trying to attend a game between Raja Casablanca and Moghreb Tetouan, and police officers arrested him, claiming he was selling tickets on the black market, an accusation which he denied. Additionally, the police pressed charges against him for allegedly beating four officers during the event.

In September 2014, L7a9d was nominated by the European United Left–Nordic Green Left for the Sakharov Prize, along with Tunisian rapper Weld El 15 and Egyptian blogger Alaa Abdel Fattah. The following month, the nomination was withdrawn after controversy over some 2012 tweets by Abd El-Fattah at the time of Israel's bombing of Gaza.

References

Moroccan rappers
1988 births
Living people
Moroccan prisoners and detainees
People from Casablanca
Moroccan activists
Moroccan democracy activists


title: Fairfield Presbyterian Church

text:
Fairfield Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian Church in America congregation in the Fairton section of Fairfield Township in Cumberland County, New Jersey.
It was founded in 1680 when a log church was built on the banks of the Cohansey Creek, and it is the oldest existing congregation currently within the PCA (which it joined in 1980 after leaving the UPCUSA in 1971). This log church was replaced by a New England style frame building sometime between 1713 and 1715.

In 1780, the Old Stone Church was built, which still exists a mile and half to the south of Fairton, and north of Cedarville, on County Route 553. The stone church was in use until 1850, when the present building in Fairton was completed. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1936. The Old Stone Church has been preserved and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1977, for its significance in architecture.

In 2006 the church celebrated its 325th anniversary.  The church subscribes to the Westminster Confession of Faith.  The current senior pastor is Rev. Michael Schuelke, who has served the congregation since 1992.

Pastors

M. Bradnor (1680-1695)
Thomas Bridges (1695-1702)
Joseph Smith (1709-1711)
Samuel Exell (1712-1712)
Howell A.P. Howell (1715-1717)
Henry Hook (1718-1722)
Noyes Parris (1724-1729)
Daniel Elmer (1729-1755)
William Ramsey (1756-1771)
William Hollingshead (1773-1783)
Ethan Osborn (1789-1844)
David McKee (1836-1838)
Beriah B. Hotchckin (1845-1850)
David C. Meeker (1851-1855)
James Boggs (1857-1866)
Hiram E. Johnson (1866-1869)
Samuel R. Jones (1869-1874)
Samuel R. Anderson (1875-1883)
Henry Reeves (1883-1885)
Frank R. Symmes (1886-1890)
Thomas W. Pulham (1891-1893)
George Warrington (1894-1897)
J.N. Wagenhurst (1897-1900)
John Bamford (1901-1903)
W.J. Trimble (1903-1906)
William Bullock (1907-1908)
Nelson B. Kline (1909-1910)
William M. Seel (1912-1914)
Franklin Weatherwax (1914-1917)
Nelson B. Kline (1918-1922)
Jacob Dyke (1922-1923)
J. Howard Douglas (1923-1928)
Clinton Cook (1929-1941)
Arthur Haverly (1942-1945)
John Taxis (1945-1947)
Paul Stauning (1947-1951)
Ralph Tamaccio (1951-1954)
Lincoln Griswold (1955-1958)
Allen Ackley (1960-1964)
Vaughn Thurman (1965-1967)
Charles Dennison (1972-1976)
Lawrence C. Roff (1977-1984)
Allan Story (1985-1992)
Michael Schuelke (1992–present)
Source:

Notes

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, New Jersey
Old Broad Street Presbyterian Church and Cemetery

References

Bibliography

External links

Presbyterian Church in America churches in New Jersey
Religious organizations established in 1680
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
Georgian architecture in New Jersey
Churches completed in 1780
Churches in Cumberland County, New Jersey
Stone churches in New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Historic American Buildings Survey in New Jersey
18th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States
1680 establishments in New Jersey
Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey


title: Aghavni Papazian

text:
Aghavni Papazian (fl. 1879), was an Ottoman Armenian actress. She is counted as one of the first professional female actors in the Ottoman Empire and thereby the Middle East.

In the 1850s, the modern theatre was founded in the Ottoman Empire by an Armenian theatre company. As Muslims did not consider acting a suitable profession, the first actors in the Ottoman Empire was Christian Armenians, and the stigma of the profession was especially the case for females, the actresses received a higher salary than their male colleagues, and they could also continue their careers undisturbed after the Armenian theater monopoly was abolished in the Ottoman Empire in 1879; after this point, male Armenian actors found competition from Muslim Turkish male actors, while no Muslim Turkish female actor ever performed on stage before 1919. She and her college Arousyak Papazian are mentioned by the historian  Mikael Nalbandian as two pioneers in defying prejudices by performing on stage. As such, they became publicly visible women in the Muslim Ottoman Empire in a period when the female members of the audience had to watch their plays behind screens. Aghavni Papazian was also historical as the first actress to have performed in Iran, when she appeared on stage in Tabriz. This was, however, before a Christian Armenian audience; the Muslim audience in Tabriz and Iran did not see the performance of an actress until 1888, and in the case of Teheran, not until the performance of Madame Golofin and Madame Babian in 1897.

See also
Papazyan

References
 Duygu Köksal,Anastasia Falierou: A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives
 Women in the Ottoman Empire by Eric R Dursteler, Oxford Reference Online
 Katherine Brisbane,Ravi Chaturvedi,Ramendu Majumdar,Chua Soo Pong,Minoru Tanokur: The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Volume 5: Asia/Pacific

19th-century actresses from the Ottoman Empire
19th-century Armenian actors
Ethnic Armenian actresses
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Stage actresses from the Ottoman Empire