title: Diana Tietjens Meyers

text:
Diana Meyers is a philosopher working in the philosophy of action and in the philosophy of feminism. Meyers is professor emerita of philosophy at the University of Connecticut.

Biography
Diana Meyers holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago and a master's degree and PhD from The Graduate Center, CUNY. She mostly works "in three main areas of philosophy: philosophy of action, feminist ethics, and human rights theory".

Awards
In December 2012, Meyers was awarded the Distinguished Woman Philosopher award at the 2012 APA Eastern Conference.

Publications

Books
  Spanish translation, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1988; Chapter 5 reprinted in The Philosophy of Human Rights, ed. Morton E. Winston, Wadsworth, 1989.

  Part IV, Chapter 2 reprinted in Dignity, Character, and Self-Respect, ed. Robin S. Dillon, Routledge, 1994; Part II, Chapters 2-3, revised and translated into German to be reprinted in Autonomie, ed. Monika Betzler, Mentis. Preview.

  Oxford Scholarship On-Line, 2003; excerpt of Chapter 7 in the APA Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy, Fall 2002; a Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2004.
  (A Selection of New and Previously Published Essays with an Introduction by the Author).

Articles
"Human Rights in Pre-Affluent Societies", The Philosophical Quarterly, 31(1981), pp. 139–144.
"The Inevitability of the State", Analysis, 41 (1981), pp. 46–49.
"The Rationale for Inalienable Rights in Moral Systems", Social Theory and Practice, 7 (1981), pp. 127–143.
"Rights-based Rights", Law and Philosophy, 3 (1984), pp. 407–418.
"A Sketch of a Rights Taxonomy", in Economic Justice: Private Rights and Public Responsibilities, edited by Kenneth Kipnis and Diana T. Meyers (1985), pp. 87–94.
"The Politics of Self-respect:  A Feminist Perspective", Hypatia, 1 (1986): 83–100.
"Work and Self-respect", in Moral Rights in the Workplace, edited by Gertrude Ezorsky, State University of New York Press, 1986, pp. 18–27; reprinted in Ethical  Theory and Business, edited by Norman Bowie and Tom  L. Beauchamp, Prentice-Hall, 1988, in Making a Living, edited by Janet Marting, Harper Collins, 1993, in Findings, edited by Lewis A.  Meyers, D.C. Heath, 1995.
"Kant's Liberal Alliance: A Permanent Peace?" in Political Realism and International Morality:  Ethics in the Nuclear Age, edited by Kenneth Kipnis and Diana T. Meyers, Westview Press, 1987, pp. 212–219.
"The Socialized Individual and Individual Autonomy: An Intersection between Philosophy and Psychology", in Women and Moral Theory, edited by Eva Kittay and Diana T. Meyers, 1987, pp. 139–153.
"Personal Autonomy and the Paradox of Feminine Socialization", The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 84 (1987), pp. 619–628, reprinted in Ethics in the 90s, ed. Joram Graf Haber, Bartlett, 1997.
"Democratic Theory and the Democratic Agent", NOMOS XXXII, ed. John W. Chapman and Alan Wertheimer. New York: NYU Press, 1990, pp. 126–150.
"Personal Autonomy or the Deconstructed Subject?" Hypatia, Vol.7 (1992), pp. 124–132.
"The Subversion of Women's Agency in Psychoanalytic Feminism: Chodorow, Flax, Kristeva" in
"Social Exclusion, Moral Reflection, and Rights", Law and Philosophy, Vol. 12 (1993), pp. 115–130; reprinted in Radical Critiques of the Law, edited by Stephen Griffin and Robert Moffat, U.  Kansas Press, 1997.
"Moral Reflection:  Beyond Impartial Reason", Hypatia, Vol. 8 (1993), pp. 21–47.
"Cultural Diversity:  Rights, Goals, and Competing Values", in Jewish Identity, edited by Michael Krausz and David Goldberg, Temple University Press, 1993, pp. 15–34; reprinted in Rights and Reason: Essays in Honor of Carl Wellman, edited by Marilyn Friedman, Larry May, Kate Parsons, and Jennifer Stiff, Kluwer, 2000.
"Rights in Collision:  A Non-Punitive, Compensatory Remedy for Abusive Speech", Law and Philosophy, 14 (2),1995: 203-243; reprinted in Liberty, Equality, Plurality, edited by Larry May and Christine Sistare, University Press of Kansas, 1997; nominated for the Berger Prize for the best published paper in legal theory,  1996.
"Emotion and Heterodox Moral Perception: An Essay in Moral Social Psychology", in Feminists Rethink the Self, edited by Diana T. Meyers, Westview Press, 1997.
"Moral Subjectivity" in the Blackwell Dictionary of Business Ethics, edited by R. Edward Freeman and Patricia Werhane, 1997.
"The Family Romance: A Fin-de-Siecle Tragedy", in Feminism and Families, edited by Hilde Nelson, Routledge, 1997; reprinted in Feminist Social Thought: A Reader, edited by Diana T. Meyers, Routledge, 1997.
"Agency", in A Companion to Feminist Philosophy, edited by Alison Jaggar and Iris Young, Blackwell, 1998.
"Tropes of Social Relations and the Problem of Tropisms in Figurative Discourse", in Norms and Values: Essays in Honor of Virginia Held, edited by Mark Halfon and Joram Haber, Rowman and Littlefield, 1998.
"Authenticity for Real People", in Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy: Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Psychology (2001):195-202.
"Miroir, Memoire, Mirage: Appearance, Aging, and Women", in Mother Time: Ethical Issues in Women and Aging. edited by Margaret Urban Walker, Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.
"Feminist Perspectives on the Self", in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,  (Fall 1999 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta, URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall1999/feminism-self. 1999.
"Intersectional Identity and the Authentic Self?  Opposites Attract", in Relational Autonomy, edited by Catriona Mackenzie and Natalie Stoljar, Oxford University Press, 2000.
"The Rush to Motherhood — Pronatalist Discourse and Women's Autonomy", Signs 26 (2001): 735-773; received Honorable Mention as a 2003 Outstanding Article, American Sociological Association, Sex and Gender Section.
"Marginalized Identities — Individuality, Groups, and Theory" in Marginal Groups and Mainstream American Culture, ed. Yolanda Estes, Arnold Lorenzo Farr, Patricia Smith, and Clelia Smyth, Kansas University Press, 2000.
"Feminism and Women's Autonomy: The Challenge of Female Genital Cutting", Metaphilosophy 31 (2000): 469-491; also in The Edinburgh Companion to Contemporary Liberalism, ed. Mark Evans, Edinburgh University Press, 2001.
"Nancy J. Chodorow" in Key Contemporary Social Theorists, Ed. Anthony Elliott and Larry Ray. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
"Social Groups and Individual Identities", in Feminists Doing Ethics, ed. Peggy DesAutels and Joanne Waugh, Rowman and Littlefield, 2001.
"Gendered Work and Autonomy", in Recognition, Responsibility, and Rights: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory. Ed. Hilde Nelson and Robin Fiore. Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.
"Frontiers of Individuality: Embodiment and Relationships in Cultural Context", History and Theory 42 (May 2003): 267-281.
"Narrative and Moral Life", in Setting the Moral Compass: Essays by Women Philosophers. ed. Cheshire Calhoun. Oxford University Press, 2004; short version published in Center for Research on Women Working Papers, Rutgers University, 2003 and translated into Croatian in Zarez, June 2003.
"Feminine Mortality Imagery: Feminist Ripostes", in Being Yourself: Essays on Identity, Action, and Social Life, Rowman and Littlefield, March 2004.
"The Three Freds and the Fate of Their Happiness", Journal of Social Philosophy 35 (Spring 2004): 8-10.
"Decentralizing Autonomy — Five Faces of Selfhood", in Autonomy and the Challenges to Liberalism. Ed. Joel Anderson and John Christman. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
"Introduction: Women Philosophers, Sidelined Challenges, and Professional Philosophy." Hypatia 30 (3) 2005: 149-152.
"Who's There? Selfhood, Self-regard, and Social Relations." Hypatia (special issue on Feminist Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, Ed. Samantha Brennan and Anita Superson), 20 (4) 2005: 200-215.
"GEM Anscombe." Encyclopedia of Women in World History, Ed. Bonnie Smith, Oxford University Press, 2008.
"Narrative Structures, Narratives of Abuse, and Human Rights" in Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non- Ideal. Ed. Lisa Tessman, Kluwer, 2009.
"Artifice and Authenticity:  Gender Technology and Agency in Two Jenny Saville Portraits."  In "You've Changed": Sex Reassignment and Personal Identity.  Ed. Laurie Shrage. Oxford University Press. 2009.
"Philosophical Feminism", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009.
"Two Victim Paradigms and the Problem of 'Impure' Victims." Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall 2011: 255-275.
"Jenny Saville Remakes the Female Nude – Feminist Reflections on the State of the Art" in Beauty Unlimited, Ed. Peg Brand, Indiana University Press, 2012.
"Psychocorporeal Selfhood, Practical Intelligence, and Adaptive Autonomy", in Autonomy and the Self, ed. Michael Kühler and Nadja Jelinek, in the Philosophical Studies series, ed. Stephen Hetheringten, Springer 2012.
"Feminism and Sex Trafficking: Rethinking Some Aspects of Autonomy and Paternalism",  Ethical Theory and Moral Practice for a special issue "Private Autonomy, Public Paternalism?" Ed. Annette Dufner and Michael Kühler, 2013; DOI: 10.1007/s10677-013-9452-1.
"Corporeal Selfhood, Self-Interpretation, and Narrative Selfhood." Philosophical Explorations.  12/5/2013: DOI: 10.1080/13869795.2013.856933.
"Victims, Agency, and Human Rights." e-IR. 2013:  http://www.e-ir.info/2013/12/09/victims-agency-and-human-rights/ (open access).
"The Feminist Debate over Values in Autonomy Theory." In  Autonomy, Oppression, and Gender. Ed. Mark Piper and Andrea Veltman. Forthcoming Oxford University Press, forthcoming summer 2014.
"Rethinking Coercion for a World of Poverty and Exploitation." In Poverty, Agency and Human Rights. Ed. Diana Tietjens Meyers. Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2014.
"The Feminist Debate over Values in Autonomy Theory." In  Autonomy, Oppression, and Gender. Ed. Mark Piper and Andrea Veltman.  Oxford University Press. forthcoming 2014.
"Rethinking Coercion for a World of Poverty and Transnational Migration." In Poverty, Agency and Human Rights. Ed. Diana Tietjens Meyers.  Oxford University Press.
"Victims of Trafficking, Reproductive Rights, and Asylum." In Oxford Handbook of Reproductive Ethics. Ed. Leslie P. Francis. Oxford University Press.

References

External links
 Full list of publications

Living people
21st-century American philosophers
Action theorists
American women philosophers
American ethicists
Philosophers of language
Feminist philosophers
University of Chicago alumni
University of Connecticut faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women


title: Lancaster University Students' Union

text:
The Lancaster University Students' Union (LUSU) is a students' union at Lancaster University in Lancashire, England. It is a registered company and charity overseen by a board of trustees. Politically, it is led by six sabbatical officers - a President and five Vice-Presidents - who are elected annually by the student membership.

History

Early history, 1964–74
The original student government at Lancaster University was the University Junior Common Room (JCR), which was a meeting of the entire student body, and college JCRs, though the colleges did not yet exist in physical form. The day-to-day running of the University JCR was deputed to a committee called the Student Council, which was responsible to the University JCR. The Council set up various sub-committees to deal with areas such as lodgings, charities week, and the university bookshop.

In June 1965, two students presented a report on the future of Student Council, in which they argued: "To coordinate the activities of the University societies some central organisation and representation is required. To this end we will have to have a Students' Union which will be similar to other University unions but with no union building." In response, Professor Tom Lawrenson, the principal of Lonsdale College, argued that there should instead be "a top body which arises organically from the colleges... I feel that the body you propose would be, in time, schismatic and in vacuo, devoid of real roots among its constitutents in a collegiate university..."

2019–20 controversies

Bailrigg FM broadcast license
In April 2019, LUSU announced that it would not be renewing funding for Bailrigg FM's full-time FM broadcast license and that it would have to switch to online-only broadcast after 20 years of broadcasting on 87.7FM. The story was picked up by local by regional radio and news outlets BBC Radio Lancashire and newspaper Lancs Live, with then Station Manager of Bailrigg FM, Pascal Maguet, giving interviews to both expressing disappointment at the decision. Alumni members of the radio station such as Louis Barfe, James Masterton and Paul Dale publicly condemned the decision as well as a number of student media institutions at other universities.

The decision was overturned by the Trustee Board in August 2019.

Proposed sale of The Sugarhouse
In September 2019, following a leak to the media, LUSU confirmed that negotiations were underway to potentially sell the Sugarhouse nightclub to build student flats, following a vote of the Trustee Board The "risk of noise complaints" was identified as a key reason to sell the Sugarhouse, but it was revealed that no noise complaints had been made about the nightclub. Many expressed opposition to the decision, including alumni James May and Cat Smith, along with Lancaster city councillors. Concerns were raised over the role Lancaster University management played in pushing for the sale, and the lack of transparency surrounding the process. Following the backlash against the proposed sale, LUSU's Chief Executive and two external trustees resigned.

After petitions opposing the plans on Change.org and on LUSU's website received over 4,000 and 1,100 signatures respectively, the LUSU Exec decided to hold a student referendum in November 2019 over the sale, in which 94% of students voted against the sale. Despite having refused to guarantee that the referendum result would be respected, LUSU's Trustee Board unanimously agreed to abandon their plans to sell the Sugarhouse in December 2019.

Sabbatical officer resignations
In November 2019 and March 2020, two sabbatical officers resigned, both citing a "toxic" culture within the students' union. In May 2020, after having been re-elected to serve a second term, the President was summarily dismissed following an independent investigation and hearing into unspecified, but multiple, complaints against him. Immediately following his dismissal, a third sabbatical officer, and two voluntary student officers also resigned. The following month, an independent appeals panel upheld the decision to dismiss the former President.

June 2020 Presidential by-election
A new President for the 2020-21 academic year was elected in a June 2020 by-election, but the Returning Officer's decision to disqualify all votes cast for the Re-Open Nominations (RON) option led to many students questioning the legitimacy of the result. Other concerns about the process of the by-election were raised, including discrepancies in the reported turnout figure and the fact that the JCRs did not oversee the vote count, as is required by LUSU's bye-laws. Most JCRs issued statements demanding LUSU's rationale for disqualifying RON be publicised, and for the results before the disqualification to be released, as it was widely assumed that RON would have won. Additionally, Grizedale JCR threatened to boycott freshers' week, and County JCR to disaffiliate from LUSU entirely if their requests for transparency were not met. The Women+ voluntary student officer-elect also resigned in protest over LUSU's handling of the by-election.

Governance
Lancaster University Students' Union is legally a company limited by guarantee and a registered charity where the trustees serve as company law members. The governing document of LUSU is its Articles of Association, adopted on 2nd Jan 2023, and its related bye-laws. The day-to-day running of services is delegated by the Trustee Board to the Chief Executive, who is in charge of the Senior Leadership Team. This team consists of the Head of Finance, Head of Strategic Projects, Head of Advocacy & Governance, and Head of Commercial Services.

Trustee Board
The Trustee Board consists of up to six elected sabbatical officers, three appointed student members, and five appointed external trustees. The Board is assisted by sub-committees, in particular the Finance and Risk, Governance, and Executive Committees. According to the Annual Report 2018-19, the Trustee Board "are responsible collectively for the overall well-being and strategic direction, efficient operation and good governance of the Union, including compliance with legal and financial requirements."

Junior Common Rooms
Each of the eight undergraduate Colleges has an elected Junior Common Room Executive ("JCR Exec" or simply "JCR"), responsible for representing students on and off campus, running college-based welfare and academic campaigns, and organising events. The exact structure of each Executive varies between colleges, but they all consist of around fifteen positions including a president, at least one vice president, welfare officers, social secretaries, communications officers, and sports representatives. Graduate College, as the only postgraduate college, instead has a Postgraduate Board or "PG Board".

Executive committee
The Executive Committee ("Exec") was LUSU's political decision making body. Its membership consisted of the sabbatical officers, six voluntary elected student officers, two JCR or PG Board representatives, and two faculty representatives. The Exec was responsible for reviewing students' policy ideas, and scrutinising the implementation of agreed policy.

Proposed reforms
Following several unpopular decisions made without student consultation (such as the attempts to sell The Sugarhouse nightclub and to remove the funding for Bailrigg FM's radio broadcast licence), student demands for the reform of the Trustee Board grew throughout 2019. The fact that since 2016, the Trustee Board was majority-unelected was identified as a reason for them repeatedly coming into conflict with the democratic will of the student membership. The October 2019 LUSU AGM voted for all the trustees to be elected by the student membership, and for a constitutional convention to review LUSU's Articles of Association and related bye-laws. In addition, students voted for the Trustee Board to be majority-elected in a November 2019 referendum.

Services

The Sugarhouse

The Sugarhouse ('Sugar') is a nightclub which has been operated by LUSU since 1982. It is located on Sugarhouse Alley, Lancaster and opens on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays. The club is extremely popular amongst Lancaster University students and has recently hosted acts such as Rudimental, Bondax and Danny Howard.

LUSU Living

LUSU Living is a commercial letting agency owned and operated by LUSU, and is available to students of Lancaster University and The University of Cumbria. It had a turnover of £3.6 million in 2019, and its annual profits are donated to LUSU to fund its other services. At LUSU's Annual General Meeting in October 2019, students supported a motion which described LUSU Living as a "notoriously poor" Lancaster student letting agency. In April 2020, LUSU reported a data breach to the Information Commissioner's Office after landlords' personal details were erroneously emailed to a student.

Central

Central is an on-campus supermarket, owned and operated by LUSU, is situated between Grizedale College and Pendle College on the Lancaster University campus.

'Extravs'

At the end of each academic year, after exams, each college (with the exception of Graduate College), hosts an end of year 'extravaganza' party. For these parties, each college chooses its own individual theme, decorates its bar space to fit this theme, and the 1000+ attendees to each 'extrav' will usually dress up in a theme-appropriate outfit.

Advice and Support

LUSU provides students with free support related to academic, accommodation and finance issues. This is through drop-in sessions with advisors, available on weekdays.

Volunteering

There are a wide range of voluntary schemes available to students through LUSU, such as community projects and schools volunteering. In collaboration with the University, LUSU runs Green Lancaster, a group focused on environmental and sustainability volunteering.

Affiliated Societies
Student Societies based in Lancaster University can affiliate with Lancaster University Students' Union to gain benefits such as support from the union, insurance cover, training and a space on the website.

Student media

SCAN

SCAN (an acronym for Student Comment and News) is Lancaster University’s student newspaper and is usually published fortnightly during term time by LUSU. It was founded in 1967 as a one-page newsletter by members of staff at the University. It has continued to evolve over the years, becoming one of the longest running student newspapers in Europe. A special digital issue was published in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bailrigg FM

Bailrigg FM is the student radio station of Lancaster University, operated by an elected subcommittee of the Students' Union. Bailrigg FM provides news and entertainment across the University's campus (known as Bailrigg) to staff and students on 95.3 FM. It is one of only a handful of student radio stations in the UK to broadcast non-stop on FM. Being one of the first to set up in the UK, they have a long history dating back to the 1960s. Any student at the University may join and every member can run to be elected to the management committee.

LA1TV

LA1TV is LUSU’s television station and is run by students who produce a variety of programmes, such as ‘SugarTV’ and ‘The Sportscaster’. The name ‘LA1’ is taken from the postcode of the University.

Take 2 Cinema

Take 2 Cinema is the student union's on-campus cinema, based in Bowland College Lecture Theatre.

Clubs and societies

LUSU provides support and funding for over 175 official activity groups and sports clubs, ranging from ‘Assassins Guild’ to ‘Wilderness Medicine’ and everything in between.

Roses Tournament

The Roses Tournament is an annual sports competition between Lancaster University and the University of York in England, which was founded in 1965. The competition is organised by LUSU and YUSU, and is held every summer term during the first few weeks, alternating its venue between the two universities.

Awards

Green Impact Awards Gold Standard

LUSU has a strong environmental and ethical track record which has been recognised by the Union being awarded the Gold Standard by the NUS in the Green Impact Awards. This makes LUSU one of only 5 Universities in the UK achieve this standard. The Union has also won a Green Gown Award in 2011 and been highly commended in the Children and Young People Now Awards.

NUS Students’ Union of the Year

LUSU was shortlisted for the Higher Education Students’ Union of the Year award at the National Union of Students (NUS) Awards 2013.

References

External links
Lancaster University Students' Union website

Student organizations established in 1967
Students' unions in England
Lancaster University
Culture of Lancaster University


title: Frederick G. Coan

text:
Frederick G. Coan (23 May 1859 – 23 March 1943) was a Christian missionary who was a witness to the Armenian genocide. Coan served as a missionary in Persia for over 50 years. He was an author of many books including Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan and has provided detailed eye-witness accounts of massacres of Armenians during the Armenian genocide. Coan believed that the number of dead during the Armenian genocide exceeded one million people. He referred to the Ottoman government's policy towards the Armenians as one of "extermination".

Early life
Frederick Gaylord Coan was born on 23 May 1859 in Urumia, Persia (presently the capital of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran). His parents, George Whitefield and Sarah (Power) Kip Coan, were both pioneering missionaries. Coan grew up in Persia, then left for the United States for his education during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878).

At Wooster University in Wooster, Ohio, Coan studied music and planned to become a professional musician. He also met his future wife, Ida Jane Speer, a Presbyterian minister's daughter, whom Coan married in 1885 before returning to the Ottoman Empire. During his sophomore year, Coan helped organize a male quartet. He also played the organ at a local Lutheran Church where the quartet sang. Upon graduating from Wooster University in 1882, his mother convinced him to give up his musical dreams and instead continue his studies in order to become a missionary and return to the Ottoman Empire. Coan thus began studies at the Western Theological Seminary. There, he met Samuel H. Kellogg, a missionary from India, who rekindled Coan's missionary spirit. After graduating from the seminary, he continued his education at Princeton for two more years, graduating in 1884. In 1885, Coan was ordained as a Presbyterian minister.

On 25 July 1885, immediately after their marriage, Coan and his wife sailed to the Middle East. The newlyweds toured Mosul and Baghdad, among other historic places, along the way. In 1904, Coan took charge of the Urumia College, a position he held until 1912.

Armenian genocide witness

Background
Armenian Christians had been an oppressed (and restive) minority in the Ottoman Empire, often turning to Eastern Orthodox Russia as well as Western Protestant missionaries for protection. Russian troops had been stationed in several Eastern Ottoman Provinces after the treaty ending the Russo-Turkish war, pending the Ottoman Empire's adoption of reforms, even as modified by the Congress of Berlin in 1878. Moreover, an Armenian nationalist movement which led riots in Constantinople and several Eastern provinces had been brutally suppressed in the Hamidian Massacres of 1894–1896. Ottoman military officers including Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had seized power from Sultan Abdülhamid II and attempted to establish a constitutional monarchy in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908. The collapsing Ottoman Empire lost its Balkan possessions after Orthodox Christian uprisings in  the First Balkan War of 1912–13. At least half a million Muslim Ottomans from the Empire's former Balkan possessions sought refuge in Turkey, some seeking revenge against Christians. Muslim Balkan refugees intensified Turkish fears that the Empire's Armenian Christian minority—with the assistance or encouragement of Western governments—might also attempt to establish an independent state and thus break up the Empire's Eastern provinces.

As World War I began in July 1914, the Ottoman Empire's Eastern provinces, with their significant Armenian population, became strategically important, both because Russia continued to seek a warm water port and protect its southern border, and as it continued protecting fellow Christians. On 2 January 1915, Kurdish and Turkish regular troops advanced deep into Persia, breaking through Russian lines, and stationed themselves around the Urumia plain, where Coan had been born and had long been stationed. Russian troops advanced across the Turkish border into the heavily Armenian-populated vilayet of Van in early 1915. The Turkish government blamed Armenian disloyalty, and adopted extreme measures later termed the Armenian genocide.

Deportations and massacre
When the Kurdish and Turkish troops advanced into the Eastern Ottoman provinces in January 1915, an estimated 20,000 Armenians and other Christians sought protection in the Urumia plain. Coan managed to provide necessary shelter for these refugees and as many provisions as possible. After five months of caring for the refugees and hearing the Armenian deportations had just begun, Coan made a desperate attempt to travel around those districts and assess the Armenians' situation. Thus, in the summer of 1915, Coan reported:

Then, through deportation, they determined to complete what had already been begun by the sword. The Turkish soldiers, in many cases offered by Germans, drove the Armenians across the plains, perpetrating upon them brutalities that were enough to break anyone's heart. I found one day a great mass of human bones, thirty feet high, and I said to my Turkish guide: "How do you account for this?" He replied: "We got tired of driving them, we got tired of hearing their moans and cries, and took them up that that precipice one day and flung them down to get rid of the job."

Coan later encountered a trench filled with the bones of human bodies:

There was a trench full of human bones, and I was told of the brave fight that 2,000 Armenians, standing for their homes and for the honor of their wives and daughters, had waged with their flintlock rifles against the Turkish troops. They held off a Turkish regiment for two weeks, until their ammunition was exhausted. Then the Turkish officer, taking an oath on the Koran, the most binding of all oaths to Moslems, promised the Armenian fighters that if they surrendered, he would, in deference to their courage, allowed them to go unharmed. These 2,000 men had no sooner surrendered than they were given picks and spades and told to dig a trench. When they had dug it they were shoved in with the bayonet.

Upon seeing more human bones around a Church, Coan asked the Turkish guide what had happened. The guide replied, "After we had killed off 30,000 in this district we came to this church and to our surprise found it filled with men, women and children who had sought refuge there, thinking that they might not be discovered." He continued describing the circumstances:

As soon as they saw us coming they barricaded the door. We sat around, making up our minds to starve them to death. We waited forty-eight hours for a sign of surrender, and not a sound came from the church. You might have thought it was a tomb. Then an officer went to the door and called to the priest to come and confer with him, and he said, 'I am here to offer you life and liberty. If you will come out one by one and following your priest repeat the Mohammedan creed, you shall go unscathed.' There was not a word of parley inside; the church door opened and the aged priest, with hoary locks and bared head, stood before that army without a plea, without a word. They understood the meaning, and with one flash of the sword he lay dead. Then several hundred men and women, mothers with their little babes in their arms, fathers and mothers with little boys and girls clinging to them, walked out of that church without a plea, without a tear, without a cry for mercy.

When they exited the church, they were massacred. The Turkish guide said, "as we killed them, not even the children cried." He remarked that they died with a "smile on their face and a strange light in their eyes."

Later life
Coan returned to the United States in 1917 and appealed for the plight of the Armenians through public lectures. During his lectures, he continuously stressed the importance of relief for the Armenians in Syria.

Coan returned to the United States and lived in various cities, such a Minneapolis and Princeton, New Jersey. After finally settling in Claremont, California, Coan had his first book published, Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan.

Coan retired from his missionary activities in 1932 after serving for over fifty years. His wife Ida died in 1939 in Claremont. Frederick Coan died in Shreve, Ohio, on 23 March 1943 in the home of a friend. Both he and his wife are buried in the Wooster Cemetery in Wooster, Ohio.

Works
Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. Saunders Studio Press. 1939. (284 pp.)

References

Bibliography

1859 births
1943 deaths
People from Urmia
American expatriates in Iran
American Presbyterian ministers
American Presbyterian missionaries
Presbyterian missionaries in Iran
Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
College of Wooster alumni
Western Theological Seminary alumni
Presbyterian missionaries in Asia
Presbyterian missionaries in the Ottoman Empire


title: Violet Stanger

text:
Violet Laverne Stanger (1940 – February 6, 2023) was a Canadian politician, who sat in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party caucus, she represented the electoral district Cut Knife-Lloydminster from 1991 to 1995, and Lloydminster from 1995 to 1999.

Stanger was a supporter of Paul Dewar in the federal 2012 New Democratic Party leadership election, and of Trent Wotherspoon in the provincial 2013 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election. She died on February 6, 2023 at the age of 82.

References

1940 births
2023 deaths
Saskatchewan New Democratic Party MLAs
Women MLAs in Saskatchewan
21st-century Canadian politicians
20th-century Canadian politicians
20th-century Canadian women politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians


title: Lampshades made from human skin

text:
There are two notable instances of lampshades made from human skin. After World War II it was reported that Nazis had made at least one lampshade from murdered concentration camp inmates: a human skin lampshade was reported to have been displayed by Buchenwald concentration camp commandant Karl-Otto Koch and his wife Ilse Koch, along with other human skin artifacts. Despite myths to the contrary, there were no systematic efforts by the Nazis to make human skin lampshades.

In the 1950s, murderer Ed Gein, possibly influenced by the stories about the Nazis, made a lampshade from the skin of one of his victims.

History of anthropodermia
The display of the flayed skin of defeated enemies has a long history. In ancient Assyria, the flaying of defeated enemies and dissidents was common practice. The Assyrians would leave the skin to tan on their city walls.

There have been many claims of binding of some books made of human skin, from ancient times through the 20th century. In the 2010s, peptide mass fingerprinting technology provided the opportunity to test books in libraries, archives, and private collections which were purported to be bound using the skin of humans. In the first five years of testing, over half of the books tested with this technology were confirmed to be bound with human skin.

Nazi era and aftermath

After the defeat of Nazi Germany, claims circulated that Ilse Koch, wife of the commandant of Buchenwald concentration camp, had possessed lampshades made of human skin, and had tattooed prisoners killed, specifically, in order to use their skin for this purpose. After her conviction for war crimes, General Lucius D. Clay, the interim military governor of the American Zone in Germany, reduced her sentence to four years' prison on the grounds "there was no convincing evidence that she had selected Nazi concentration camp inmates for extermination in order to secure tattooed skins, or that she possessed any articles made of human skin".

Jean Edward Smith, in his biography Lucius D. Clay, an American Life, reported that the general had maintained that the leather lamp shades were really made out of goat skin. The book quotes a statement made by General Clay years later:

 The charges were made once more when she was rearrested, but again were found to be groundless.  The Buchenwald Memorial Foundation states that:

Five other witnesses testified that they had seen or knew of the existence of human skin artefacts in the possession of Ilse Koch.

In footage taken by American military photographers tasked by then-General Dwight Eisenhower to record what they saw as the army advanced into Germany in 1945, a large lampshade and many other ornaments reportedly made of human skin can be seen alongside shrunken heads of camp prisoners in Buchenwald, all of which were being displayed for German townspeople who were made to tour the camp.

Scientific testing of Nazi-era lampshades

The lampshade displayed as part of the tour of the camp at Buchenwald was not part of the materials tested for authenticity by U.S. Army personnel after World War II, although pieces of tanned and tattooed skin found at the camp were judged to be human by the Head of Pathology at Seventh Medical Laboratory in New York. British pathologist Bernard Spilsbury also identified pieces of tanned human skin obtained by observers at Buchenwald after the liberation of the camp.

In his 2010 book The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans, journalist Mark Jacobson claimed to be in possession of a human-skin lampshade made by order of Ilse Koch. Jacobson's lamp underwent DNA testing in the early 1990s, which showed evidence that the lamp was made of human skin; however, subsequent testing demonstrated that the lampshade owned by Jacobson was actually made of cowhide and that sample contamination likely led to the initial erroneous result. The results of those tests were reported on in the 2012 National Geographic television program "Human Lampshade: A Holocaust Mystery".

In 2019 the Anthropodermic Book Project performed a peptide mass fingerprinting test on an alleged Nazi-era human skin lampshade stored in a small Holocaust museum in the United States; the testing results showed the lampshade was made from plant cellulose.

Ed Gein
Ed Gein was an American murderer and body snatcher, active in the 1950s in Wisconsin, who made trophies from corpses he stole from a local graveyard. When he was finally arrested, a search of the premises revealed, among other artifacts, a lampshade made out of human skin. Gein appears to have been influenced by the then-current stories about the Nazis collecting body parts in order to make lampshades and other items.

In popular culture

The idea of lampshades made from human skin has become a trope to signify the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps. References to human skin lampshades have appeared in artworks, political speeches, and popular culture.

These references can take the form of literary allusions, such as Sylvia Plath's description of her skin as "Bright as a Nazi lampshade" in her 1965 poem, "Lady Lazarus". Plath invoked allusions and images from Nazi Germany to emphasize the speaker's sense of oppression. References also appear in satirical works. In Ken Russell's 2007 short satire A Kitten for Hitler, an American Jewish boy who has a swastika-shaped birthmark tries to soften Hitler's heart by giving him a kitten, but when Hitler sees the boy's Star of David necklace he has Eva Braun kill the boy to make him into a lampshade for their bedside table lamp. Near the end of the film, in what appears to be an act of God, the swastika birthmark on the lampshade transforms into the Star of David.

The use of this reference can also be employed as an implicit threat or antisemitic expression. In 1995, August Kreis was ejected from the set of The Jerry Springer Show after telling the host, "Your relatives – weren't they all turned into soap or lampshades?... I've got your mom in the trunk of my car."

The use of symbols such as human soap or human skin lampshades in popular culture has led to misunderstandings that there were sustained, systematic efforts to create these products, but these myths have been repeatedly refuted by serious scholars. Holocaust deniers use misunderstandings about phenomena such as the mass production of human soap or human skin lampshades in order to criticize the veracity of the Nazi genocide in general.

See also
 Books bound in human skin
 Soap made from human corpses
 Sedlec Ossuary Church with furnishings made from human bones

References

Human trophy collecting
Light fixtures
Human skin
Leather


title: Suzanne Murray

text:
Suzanne Murray is a former Canadian politician, who sat in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party caucus, she represented the electoral districts of Qu'Appelle-Lumsden from 1991 to 1995, and Regina Qu'Appelle Valley from 1995 to 1999.

References

Living people
Saskatchewan New Democratic Party MLAs
Women MLAs in Saskatchewan
20th-century Canadian politicians
20th-century Canadian women politicians
1943 births


title: Outwood Academy Kirkby

text:
Outwood Academy Kirkby (formerly Kirkby Comprehensive School and then Kirkby College) is a mixed secondary school located in Kirkby-in-Ashfield town centre, Nottinghamshire, England.

Previously a foundation school administered by Nottinghamshire County Council, Kirkby College converted to academy status on 1 August 2012. The school continues to coordinate with Nottinghamshire County Council for admissions

In September 2022 Kirby College joined the Outwood Grange Academies Trust, and was renamed Outwood Academy Kirkby.

References

External links
Outwood Academy Kirkby official website

Academies in Nottinghamshire
Kirkby-in-Ashfield
Secondary schools in Nottinghamshire
Kirkby


title: Belazaima do Chão

text:
Belazaima do Chão was a freguesia ("civil parish") in Águeda Municipality, Aveiro District, Portugal. It had an area of 19.8 km2 and in 2011 had a population of 599.

History
In 2013 it was merged with Castanheira do Vouga and with Agadão to form the new freguesia of Belazaima do Chão, Castanheira do Vouga e Agadão.

Places
 Alvarim
 Belazaima do Chão
 Belazaima-a-Velha
 Cepos
 Corça
 Feridouro
 Póvoa de S. Domingos
 Póvoa de Vale do Trigo

Demography

Politics

Elections
In the 2009 local elections for the Assembly of the Freguesia, there were 579 registered voters, with 454 (78.41%) voting and 125 (21.59%) abstaining. The Social Democratic Party got 365 votes (80.40%), electing six members of the Assembly and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party got 70 votes (15.42%), electing one member of the Assembly. As of 31 December 2011, the freguesia had 572 registered voters.

Religion
The Portuguese Roman Catholic Church's Diocese of Aveiro includes the Parish of Belazaima do Chão as part of the archpriestship of Águeda. The Igreja Matriz de Belazaima do Chão was finished in 1748 and is classified as a Monument of Public Interest.

References

Former parishes of Águeda
2013 disestablishments in Portugal
Populated places disestablished in 2013


title: Rangoli (disambiguation)

text:
Rangoli is a type of Indian folk art.

Rangoli may also refer to:

Rangoli (TV series), an Indian music television series
Rungoli (also transliterated as Rangoli), a 1962 Hindi comedy film
Rangoli Restaurant, an Indian cuisine restaurant started by Vikram Vij
"Rangoli", an episode of the television series Teletubbies

See also
Rangoli Metro Art Center
Swastik Rangoli Kalakar Group, a Vadodara-based art group


title: Dylan Orr

text:
Dylan Orr (born 1979) is the Director of the Office of Labor Standards for the City of Seattle, USA. Appointed by Mayor Murray in May 2015, Orr is responsible for enforcing Seattle's historic minimum wage law, as well as its paid sick and safe time law, wage theft law, and fair chance employment law. Previously, Orr was Chief of Staff to Assistant Secretary Kathy Martinez in the Office of Disability Employment Policy. As part of the United States Department of Labor, he contributed to the development of national disability employment-related regulations and policies, including regulations issued under Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. As the Department of Labor representative, he also worked with the White House Office of National AIDS Policy on the implementation of the President's National HIV/AIDS Strategy, in addition to making significant contributions to several federal LGBT policies and regulations. He was recruited to the administration by the University of Washington School of Law professor and former EEOC Commissioner Paul Steven Miller. Previously, he was Special Assistant/Advisor to Assistant Secretary Martinez. Upon his appointment to his role as Special Assistant in 2009, he became the first openly transgender person appointed to any U.S. presidential administration.

Education
Orr received his Bachelor of Arts in anthropology from Smith College and his Juris Doctor from the University of Washington School of Law. He is a member of the Washington State Bar Association.

Early life and career
Orr was born and raised in Seattle, Washington. He worked at the Conservation Law Foundation and the Department of Children and Families in Massachusetts (formerly the Department of Social Services). After moving back to Seattle, Orr held positions at Marten Law Group, Disability Rights Washington, MacDonald Hoague and Bayless, and Columbia Legal Services. In late 2009, he accepted an appointment to the Obama administration.

Recognition
 LGBT appointments in the Obama-Biden administration
 2012 Featured in Out Out100: The White House
 2013 Gay Politics Guest Blog: Transgender Day of Remembrance; a Note on HumaniTy
 2013 Community Advocate Award by the Massachusetts Transgender Political Coalition
 2013 Julie Johnson Founder's Award by the National Center for Transgender Equality
 2014 Best Lawyers Under 40 by the LGBT Bar Association
2015-2016 German Marshall Fund of the United States Marshall Memorial Fellow

References

1979 births
Living people
Smith College alumni
Transgender male politicians
American transgender people
LGBT appointed officials in the United States
Obama administration personnel
LGBT people from Washington (state)
University of Washington School of Law alumni


title: Agadão River

text:
The Agadão River (Portuguese: Rio Agadão; ) is a river in Portugal. The former freguesia of Belazaima do Chão is located on the left bank of the river.

See also
 List of rivers in Portugal

References

Rivers of Portugal


title: Ryley Miller

text:
Ryley Miller (born September 24, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Stony Plain Eagles of the Chinook Hockey League. Miller played the 2013-2014 season in the Czech Republic with SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč of the First National Hockey League.

Miller made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Kometa Brno during the 2013–14 Czech Extraliga season. Miller is known for his tough game play style, oftentimes being penalized for his questionable hits, and notably an enforcer on his teams gathering many fighting major penalties throughout the course of a season.

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
HC Kometa Brno players
Spruce Grove Saints players
Wheeling Nailers players
People from Spruce Grove
Ice hockey people from Alberta


title: Freedom Rising

text:
Freedom Rising: Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation is a 2013 book by the German political scientist Christian Welzel, professor of political culture and political sociology at Leuphana University Lueneburg and vice-president of the World Values Survey.

The Title
The title, Freedom Rising, refers to the rapid expansion of universal freedoms and democracy. As the author explains at the beginning of his book, people have never voiced their desires for freedoms so frequently and powerfully as today. They do so not only inside but even outside democracies. Starting from here, Christian Welzel's book is about the human quest for freedoms and the human desire for emancipation. The result is a far-reaching theory of emancipation, which describes the human empowerment process.

Content and Structure
The book comprises twelve chapters that are organized in four parts. While the first chapter is theoretical, all subsequent chapters are empirical and test the propositions laid out in Chapter 1. The empirical research builds on cross-cultural and longitudinal evidence form the World Values Surveys and European Values Study.

Part A: Understanding Emancipative Values
(Chapter 1:	A Theory of Emancipation;
Chapter 2:	Mapping Differences;
Chapter 3:	Multilevel Drivers;
Chapter 4:	Tracing Change)

The first part provides a basic understanding of emancipative values. Welzel introduces the endogenous cause to human development in his sequence thesis of emancipation. The thesis establishes a main direction of causality from action resources (founding element) to emancipative values (linking element) to civic entitlements (completing element). It argues that emancipative values result from expanding resources which implies that they are a universal and not a Western-bound concept. The concept of cross-fertilization highlights the amplification of a person's values when they are shared by more people in the same society.

Part B: Emancipative Values as Civic Force
(Chapter 5:	Intrinsic Qualities;
Chapter 6:	Benign Individualism;
Chapter 7:	Collective Action)

The second part presents emancipative values as a pro-social set of values and a groundbreaking civic force that "unlocks a population's intrinsic qualities, vitalizes civil society, and creates social capital". Welzel illustrates that rising emancipative values cause a strategic shift from acquisition strategies to thriving strategies. As thriving strategies aim at fulfillment, pro-social behavior is encouraged. The activating and empowering impulse of emancipative values instigates people to have their shared claims heard. As such emancipative values are a crucial source of bottom-up democratization processes.

Part C: Democratic Impulses of Emancipative Values
(Chapter 8:	Entitling People;
Chapter 9:	The Rights Revolution;
Chapter 10:	The Paradox of Democracy)

The third part centers on the democratic impulse that emanates from emancipative values. Welzel presents democracy as the institutional element of people's power and action resources together with emancipative values as the two pre-institutional elements of people power. Empirical evidence shows that rising emancipative values have a much higher effect on expanding rights than rights have on rising emancipative values. Welzel concludes that institutions themselves cannot create empowering qualities but depend on them so that the source of democracy lies in the people's desire for emancipation. Here, Freedom Rising disproves the prominent view in political economy which states that institutions come first. Finally, chapter 10 solves the democratic paradox that widespread desires for democracy among people coexist with deficient or even absent democracy. Welzel argues that this is the case when these desires are decoupled from an emphasis on emancipative values that is a critical-liberal orientation.

Part D: Emancipative Values in Human Civilization
(Chapter 11:	The Redirection of Civilization;
Chapter 12:	The Sustainability Challenge)

The last part looks at emancipative values from a broad civilizational perspective and discusses their significance in history. Welzel presents the cool-water condition (CW condition) as the truly exogenous cause of human empowerment. The last chapter elaborates on the role of emancipative values in meeting the sustainability challenge. Here, Welzel addresses the dilemma that results from the negative environmental impact of technological advancement on the one hand and the positive environmental impact of emancipative values on environmental quality on the other hand. Closer investigation shows that the negative impact of technological advancement is lower than the positive impact of emancipative values on environmental quality. Human empowerment thus helps redirecting society towards sustainable development.

The Human Empowerment Process
The Human Empowerment Process is defined by Welzel as a "humanistic transformation of civilization that makes societies increasingly people-powered". It can be observed when freedoms grow so that Welzel calls it an emancipatory process. It is completed when people are acting freely as agents of their values.
Welzel distinguishes between three different stages of the human condition in societies. The human condition can be (1) suffering – weak capabilities and narrow guarantees, (2) struggling – mediocre capabilities and guarantees, (3) thriving – strong capabilities and wide guarantees.

A Theory of Emancipation
Welzel builds his human empowerment framework on an evolutionary theory of emancipation. Emancipation is hereby understood as the universal human desire for an existence free from domination. Emancipative values emphasize freedom of choice and equality of opportunities. In Freedom Rising Welzel identifies the human desire to live free from external constraints as the single source of the human empowerment trend.

The theory of emancipation rests upon one evolutionary root principle: the utility ladder of freedom. Welzel argues that emancipative values do not guide people's actions as long as existential constraints on human life are strong. However, freedoms gain utility when people become more capable due to improving living conditions and rising action resources. In this case emancipative values start guiding people's actions. Emancipative values thus constitute the psychological core and the inspirational source of the human empowerment process. As such they motivate social movement activity and promote anti-discrimination norms. Since joint action among capable and motivated people is so difficult to resist, rulers must at some point give in and guarantee the claimed entitlements, and also abide by them. The third element in the human empowerment process is thus civic entitlements.

The Sequence Thesis of Emancipation
The Sequence thesis explains the endogenous causation of the human empowerment process. It establishes the dominant flow of impact among the three elements of the human development process from action resources to emancipative values to civic entitlements. Freedoms grow in a utility-value-guarantee sequence.
The sequence thesis implies an important condition, which defies the most common view that human development is caused by institutions. In contrast to other political scientists like Francis Fukuyama, Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, Christian Welzel demonstrates that institutions guaranteeing universal freedoms are not the cause but the result of the human empowerment process.

The Cool-Water Condition
The sequence thesis of emancipation theory fails to deliver an exogenous causation of human empowerment. Chapter 11 thus introduces a second thesis — the source thesis of emancipation. It posits the original source of human empowerment in the cool-water condition (CW-condition), which "is a combination of (1) moderately cold climates, (2) continuous rainfalls over all seasons, and (3) permanently navigable waterways". According to the source thesis, CW areas offer water autonomy and a higher disease security which naturally locates them higher on the utility ladder of freedom. Welzel demonstrates that the CW condition prevented a transition to agriculture in the first place since foraging was a freer lifestyle. Technological advancement in CW areas was thus lower than in other areas for a long time. With emerging urban markets the situation changed. Water autonomy created derivative autonomies that turned out to be an accelerator of technological advancement. Autonomy in market access encouraged a transition to quality-breeding strategies in people's reproductive behavior with the result that the workforce became less numerous but more valuable. Rising labor demands provided an incentive to invent technologies that save costly labor. The technological advancement involved more widespread action resources, which enhanced people's capabilities to exercise freedoms. From here the sequence thesis of emancipation takes over.

Until today human development is far advanced in all of the world's CW areas, that is in Western Europe, in Japan, in distinctive areas of Northern America, Australia, and New Zealand.

Welzel stresses that — in the era of globalization — human empowerment begins to diffuse elsewhere and slowly dissociates from the CW condition. This erodes the monopoly of the West over human empowerment.

Reception
Freedom Rising received two academic awards:
 Winner of the 2014 Alexander L. George Book Award for the best book in political psychology awarded by the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP).
 Winner of the 2014 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research awarded by the International Social Science Council (ISSC), the University of Bergen and the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR).

References

External links
 Freedom Rising at Cambridge University Press' homepage

2013 non-fiction books
Books about civilizations
Books about cultural geography
Political books
World history
Cambridge University Press books


title: Anita Bergman

text:
Anita Bergman is a Canadian politician, who sat in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1994 to 1995. A member of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party caucus, she represented the electoral district of Regina North West.

Bergman was first elected in a by-election in 1994, following the resignation of John Solomon. In the 1995 election, she ran for reelection in the redistributed riding of Regina Qu'Appelle Valley, but was defeated by Suzanne Murray.

References

Living people
Politicians from Regina, Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLAs
Women MLAs in Saskatchewan
20th-century Canadian women politicians
1945 births


title: Quest (Indian magazine)

text:
Quest was a quarterly and bimonthly Indian journal published between 1954 and 1975 and featuring 20 years of independent India’s publishing history.

History
The publication was founded in 1954 and ceased in 1975 when the government of Indira Gandhi declared in Indian national emergency. It was a product of the Cold War and was created by the Central Intelligence Agency. It was published by the Congress for Cultural Freedom's Indian branch (ICCF), which was led by Minoo Masani and Jayaprakash Narayan. Masani's emphasis of politics, drew the ire of Jawaharlal Nehru and ran into troubles with another publications called Freedom First. The publisher and secretary Narie Oliaji, resigned, complaining that Masani was a political polemicist lacking the ‘intelligence and zeal to represent the Indian anti-communist  intelligentsia’. In 1954 Nicolas Nabokov, the Secretary General of the Congress for Cultural Freedom met Masani and ordered him to separate the cultural and political movements and to gain more support and respect from Indian intellectuals through the creation of a journal, which would be named Quest and devoted exclusively to cultural matters. During its twenty years of history it featured essays, fiction and poetry from writers such as Nirad Chaudhuri, Dilip Chitre, Allen Ginsberg, Jyotirmoy Datta, Mujibur Rehman, Agha Shahid Ali, Jayanta Mahapatra Dom Moraes, Ashis Nandy, Gauri Deshpande, Adil Jussawalla, Mahapatra, A.K. Ramanujan, Saleem Peeradina, Arun Kolatkar, Dilip Chitre, Keki Daruwalla, Anita Desai, Kiran Nagarkar and Abraham Eraly.

Legacy
In 1966, a selection of articles were produced as Ten years of Quest edited by Abu Sayeed Ayyub and Amlan Datta. In 2011 a selection of articles was republished as The best of Quest.

References

Bibliography
The Best of Quest, edited by Achal Prabhala, Laeeq Futehally and Arshia Sattar, Publisher Tranquebar, India, 2011.

1954 establishments in Bombay State
1975 disestablishments in India
Bi-monthly magazines published in India
Defunct literary magazines
Defunct magazines published in India
The Emergency (India)
English-language magazines published in India
Literary magazines published in India
Quarterly magazines published in India
Magazines established in 1954
Magazines disestablished in 1975
Mass media in Mumbai


title: Regina Sherwood

text:
Regina Sherwood was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada.  It consisted of the Regina neighbourhoods of Normanview West, and parts of Dieppe, Mount Royal, Normanview, Walsh Acres and McCarthy Park .

The riding was created prior to the 1995 election out of parts of Regina Rosemont, Regina North West and Regina Albert North. It was abolished prior to the 2003 election into Regina Walsh Acres, Regina Rosemont and Regina Qu'Appelle Valley.

Members of the Legislative Assembly

Election results

Regina Sherwood (1995–2003)

|-

| style="width: 130px" |NDP
|Lindy Kasperski
|align="right"|3,090
|align="right"|50.58
|align="right"|-12.69

|Prog. Conservative
|George Marcotte
|align="right"|101
|align="right"|1.65
|align="right"|-5.58

|-

| style="width: 130px" |NDP
|Lindy Kasperski
|align="right"|3,951
|align="right"|63.27

|Prog. Conservative
|Thomas D. Durbin
|align="right"|452
|align="right"|7.24

External links
Website of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan

References

Politics of Regina, Saskatchewan
Former provincial electoral districts of Saskatchewan


title: K. C. Cole

text:
K. C. Cole (born August 22, 1946) is an American science writer, author, radio commentator  and professor emerita at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.
She has covered science for The Los Angeles Times since 1994, as well as writing for many other publications, and has been described as "the queen of the metaphor in science writing".

Of the ten books she has written, eight are nonfiction. These include the bestseller The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty (1998), which has been translated into a dozen languages, and her memoir about her late mentor, Frank Oppenheimer, Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made Up (2009).

Cole has received awards from the National Women's Political Caucus, the American Crystallographic Association, the American Institute of Physics and the Skeptics Society, among others.  She is a Lifetime Honorary Member of  Sigma Xi.

Personal life
Cole grew up in multiple locations including Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Port Washington, New York. She studied political science at Barnard College, where she received her B.A.

In 1968, she traveled to Eastern Europe, living in Czechoslovakia just one year after the Warsaw Pact invasion. She went to work for Radio Free Europe, beginning her career in journalism, and published her first article in  The New York Times Magazine in 1970 titled, "Prague, Two Years After." The article covered life after the invasion.

After living for several years in Eastern Europe, Cole moved back to the United States to San Francisco, where she took a position at the Saturday Review as an editor and writer. In the late 1970s, she also worked as an editor and writer for Newsday, where she wrote on subjects from politics to travel, women's issues, and education.
Her articles also appeared in such publications as
Omni,
People,
Glamour,
Psychology Today,
The New York Times,
Newsweek,
The Washington Post,
Seventeen, and
The New York Daily News.

Cole's first foray into novel writing focused on issues of feminism and motherhood. In 1980, Doubleday published her novel, What Only a Mother Can Tell You About Having a Baby. In 1982, Doubleday published her book, Between the Lines: Searching for the Space Between Feminism and Femininity and Other Tight Spots. Both books were well-received with a write-up in Time Magazine for the former and a series of excerpts published in The Milwaukee Journal from the latter.

Science writing

Frank Oppenheimer and the Exploratorium
While living and writing in San Francisco, Cole was handed a magazine assignment to write about the Exploratorium, an innovative science museum. At the time, she had no interest in studying science, but her experience with the Exploratorium changed that. She avidly pursued an independent study of physics with the help of the Exploratorium staff, and developed a friendship with the Exploratorium's founder and the "uncle of the atomic bomb", Frank Oppenheimer, who became her mentor. Her experiences with Oppenheimer and the Exploratorium inspired her to pursue science writing.

Journalism
Cole first wrote about science themes for the New York Times in its column series "Hers" and in individual magazine features. Focusing primarily on physics and math, she went on to write a science column for The Washington Post, and her science articles have appeared in the Esquire,
Smithsonian, Lear's,
The New Yorker,
the Columbia Journalism Review, and other publications. She wrote and edited for
Discover magazine for years, sharing a column with Stephen Jay Gould and Lewis Thomas. In 1994, Cole began covering physical science for The Los Angeles Times in a column called "Mind Over Matter," which was later collected in book form. She left The Los Angeles Times to pursue teaching at the University of Southern California, but has continued to contribute to The Los Angeles Times periodically.

Her science journalism has appeared in prestigious collections including The Best American Science Writing in 2004 and 2005, and in The Best American Science and Nature Writing in 2002.

Books
In the mid-1980s, Cole began writing nonfiction science books. In 1985, Bantam published Sympathetic Vibrations: Reflections on Physics as a Way of Life with a foreword by Frank Oppenheimer. The book was based on Cole's New York Times "Hers" and Discover columns, and an expanded 2nd edition was published in 1999 under the title First You Build a Cloud: And Other Reflections on Physics as a Way of Life.

In 1998, Mariner published Cole's second science book The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty, a national bestseller that has been translated into twelve languages. In 2001, Mariner published The Hole in the Universe: How Scientists Peered over the Edge of Emptiness and Found Everything. In 2009, she published a book about her friend, mentor, and colleague Frank Oppenheimer called Something Incredibly Wonderful Happens: Frank Oppenheimer and the World He Made Up.

Radio commentaries
Cole is a frequent radio commentator. She appeared on American Public Media's Marketplace, and her past science commentaries for KPCC (Southern California Public Radio) spanned topics from "The Magic of String Theory" to "The Evolution of Evidence."  She has also commented for the BBC World Service and WYNC Studio's Science Friday.

Teaching
Cole is a retired professor from the University of Southern California's (USC) Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism. She has also taught science writing at Yale and Wesleyan universities, and was a professor of Science, Society and Communication at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She's been actively involved with the Journalism and Women Symposium (JAWS) and PEN Center USA West. She is a science writer-in-residence at the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania for 2019–20.

Art and science
In keeping with the spirit of the Exploratorium in San Francisco, Cole engages in exploring connections between art, science, politics, etc. She helped to found an ongoing series of events, held first at Cornelia Street Café in New York, and later at the Santa Monica Art Studios, called "Categorically Not!" Each event involved people from three different fields (from physics to the arts) discussing a common theme, such as Nothingness, or Fluid Dynamics.  Speakers have included Oliver Sacks and Roald Hoffmann.

Awards and honors
 1984, Exploratorium's Public Understanding of Science Award, presented by Frank Oppenheimer
 1995, American Institute of Physics Science Writing award
 1998, Skeptics Society Edward R. Murrow Award "for thoughtful coverage of scientific controversies"
 1998, Los Angeles Times Award for Deadline Reporting
 1999, Los Angeles Times award for Explanatory Journalism
 2001, Elizabeth A. Wood Science Writing Award, American Crystallographic Association
 2007, Lifetime Honorary Member, Sigma Xi
 2013, EMMA (Exceptional Merit in Media Award), National Women's Political Caucus for her article "Why does ‘CEO’ mean ‘white male’?" in the Los Angeles Times.
 USC "Remarkable Woman Faculty Member"

Bibliography

2nd expanded edition:

References

1946 births
Living people
American women non-fiction writers
Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
People from Port Washington, New York
Barnard College alumni
Women science writers
American science writers
Writers from New York (state)
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers


title: Box Chevy V

text:
"Box Chevy V" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Yelawolf, featured on his 2015 album Love Story. Written by Yelawolf, producer WLPWR, guitarist Mike Hartnett and mixing engineer Matthew Hayes, it is the fifth entry in Yelawolf's "Box Chevy" song series. The song was released as the first single from the album on January 27, 2014.

Recording and production
Like much of Love Story, "Box Chevy V" was recorded at Blackbird Studios in Nashville, Tennessee with mixing engineer Matthew Hayes and producer William "WLPWR" Washington, who also performed keyboards, pads, drums and programming on the song; Mike Hartnett performed guitar and DJ Klever performed turntables. The track contains a reference to the song "Still D.R.E.", by Dr. Dre featuring Snoop Dogg, in the second verse.

"Box Chevy V" is the fifth entry in Yelawolf's "Box Chevy" song series, following "My Box Chevy" (from 2007's Ball of Flames: The Ballad of Slick Rick E. Bobby), "Box Chevy Part 2" (from 2008's Stereo: A Hip Hop Tribute to Classic Rock), "Box Chevy Pt. 3" (from 2010's Trunk Muzik), and "Box Chevy Pt. 4" (from 2013's Trunk Muzik Returns).

Music and lyrics
Trevor Smith of HotNewHipHop.com notes that the song features "swirling synth sounds", and that the lyrics contain references to "old cars and Jack Daniel's". Similarly, Edwin Ortiz of Complex magazine explains that in "Box Chevy V", Yelawolf "gets straight to the point here by describing his affection for his ride". A writer for Uproxx describes the song thus: ""Box Chevy V" starts off low-key and unexpectedly turns into a two-stepping country jam, where producer WillPower of SupaHotBeats mixes Wolf’s Southern synth sound with more of a refined West Coast bounce".

Music video
The music video for "Box Chevy V" was released on April 4, 2014, and is described as "dedicated to the classic cars of [Yelawolf's] hometown".

Critical reception
Media response to "Box Chevy V" was generally positive. Trevor Smith of HotNewHipHop.com claimed that the song "should satisfy fans of [Yelawolf's 2010 mixtape] Trunk Muzik", noting that it featured "swirling synth sounds that colored much of the project, as well as the same punchy southern melodies". Uproxx praised both the lyrical and musical style of the track, concluding that "this track works and could very well be the crossover record Yela's needed for a while".

Personnel
Credits adapted from Love Story album notes.
WLPWR – keyboards, pads, drums, programming, record producer
Mike Hartnett – guitar
DJ Klever – turntables
Matthew Hayes – recording, mixing
Randy Warnken – mixing assistance

References

External links
Music video on YouTube

2014 songs
2014 singles
Yelawolf songs
Shady Records singles
Songs written by Yelawolf


title: Nearest and Dearest (film)

text:
Nearest and Dearest is a 1972 British comedy film starring Hylda Baker and Jimmy Jewel as feuding brother and sister Nellie and Eli Pledge, owners of "Pledge's Purer Pickles". A spin-off from the long running TV sitcom Nearest and Dearest, it was produced by Hammer Films in conjunction with a film making arm of Granada TV. As well as starring in the film, Hylda Baker also sings the title theme song. Despite the popularity of the TV series, the film version failed to match that success at the box office.

Plot
On their father's death, Eli and Nellie Pledge inherit a pickle factory in Colne, in the north of England. The warring siblings struggle to keep the decrepit "Pledge's Purer Pickles" afloat, hampered by severe lack of funds, zero business acumen and by having inherited a workforce that is a decade beyond retirement age. While Nellie works hard to keep the business going, Eli prefers to indulge in the delights of beer, cigarettes, gambling and women. The annual Summer holiday is soon upon them and the entire factory is closed down. Nellie takes Eli to a Blackpool boarding house run by landlady Mrs. Rowbottom, whose eyes light upon bachelor Eli. Eli though, only has eyes for the younger Freda. Eli's attempts to further his financial ambitions by marrying off Nellie to a colleague in the pickling business are challenged when Vernon Smallpiece is snatched from the altar by bailiffs for non-payment of his debts.

Cast
Hylda Baker as Nellie Pledge
Jimmy Jewel as Eli Pledge
Joe Gladwin as Stan
Edward Malin as Walter
Madge Hindle as Lily
Norman Mitchell as Vernon Smallpiece
Pat Ashton as Freda
Bert Palmer as Bert
Peter Madden as the court bailiff
Norman Chappell as a man on the bus
Yootha Joyce as Mrs Rowbottom
John Barrett as Joshua Pledge
Carmel Cryan as the Club hostess
Sue Hammer as Scarlet O'Hara
Janie Collinge as Vinegar Vera
Donald Bisset as Vicar
Kerry Jewel as Claude
Adele Warren as Mimi la Vere (stripper)
Nosher Powell as a bouncer

Critical reception
Sky Movies said, "a kind of bumper bundle of seaside postcard jokes, with acting honours going to Jimmy Jewel, underrated as a character actor, and Yootha Joyce, who pops up as Mrs Rowbottom."

References

External links

1972 comedy films
1972 films
Films based on television series
Hammer Film Productions films
British comedy films
1970s English-language films
1970s British films


title: Erika Szabó

text:
Dr. Erika Szabó (born 19 January 1959) is a Hungarian jurist and politician, who served as Secretary of State for Public Administration and Justice between 2 June 2010 and 5 June 2014. As candidate of Fidesz, she became a member of the National Assembly (MP) in the 1998 parliamentary election. She was also MP between 1990 and 1994, as member of the Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ).

References

1959 births
Living people
University of Szeged alumni
Hungarian jurists
Women members of the National Assembly of Hungary
Alliance of Free Democrats politicians
Fidesz politicians
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1990–1994)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1998–2002)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2002–2006)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2006–2010)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2010–2014)
People from Szentes
20th-century  Hungarian women politicians
21st-century Hungarian women politicians


title: Lasciami entrare

text:
Lasciami entrare (Italian: Let Me In) is the fifth album of the Italian singer Valerio Scanu, which was released on January 28, 2014 by NatyLoveYou.

The album was preceded by the single "Sui nostri passi" released on January 7, 2014. A week later the videoclip was released.

The album contains 11 tracks, two of which are in English, "Sometimes Love" and "Alone" and the rest in Italian. A 12th song "Parole di cristallo2 in acoustic version is available only with the digital album download.

The album was recorded after contract termination with recording label Emi Music Italy and the creation of his own label NatyLoveYou.

In this album we see Scanu in the roles of singer, lyrics writer and also producer. Scanu also composed the music of the song "Parole di cristallo". The lyrics of eight songs in this album have been written by Scanu. "Sometimes Love" has been written by singer/composer Kykah while "Un giorno in più" has been written together with singer/composer Silvia Olari.

The arrangements and artistic production was assigned to Luca Mattioni, who, together with two mastering engineers, Matt Howe who mixed the album in London and Chris Gehringer who mastered the album in New York, gave an international sound to this project.

The album is produced and presented by NatyLoveYou, an independent recording label founded by Scanu himself, and distributed by Self Distribuzioni and Digital Believe Italy (for the digital version).

Scanu presented to his fans a brief explanation of every song. In particular, the title of the album 'Lasciami Entrare', when translated means "Let Me In", represents the dream of the artist to enter into the heart of people, even into the heart of those who do not know him.

Track listing
"Sui nostri passi" (Valerio Scanu, Luca Mattioni, Mario Cianchi) – 3:43
"Come fanno le stelle" (Federica Fratoni, Daniele Coro) – 3:54
"Parole di cristallo" (Scanu, Davide Rossi, Federico Paciotti) – 4:46
"Lasciami entrare" (Scanu, Paciotti) – 2:54
"Per noi" (Scanu, Rossi, M. Tommasi, Paciotti) – 3:11
"Ancora per me" (Scanu, Paciotti) – 3,40
"Alone" (W. O. Knight, Mattioni) – 4:15
"Un giorno in più" (Scanu, A. Amati, S. Olari) – 3:31
"Vorrei dirtelo" (Scanu, L. Bussoletti, Paciotti) – 3:04
"Sometimes love" (W. O. Knight, F. Turco, D. Serafino) – 3:27
"Dormi" (Scanu, R. Canale, R. L. Di Benedetto) – 3:54
"Parole di cristallo" (acoustic) (Scanu, Rossi, Paciotti) – 3:30 (download versions only)

Charts

References

2014 albums
Valerio Scanu albums


title: Daniella Isamit Morales

text:
Daniella Isamit Morales is a Chilean–Venezuelan artist, musician and DJ who was born in Caracas, Venezuela in 1982.
Morales' work has been shown at Pulse Miami Contemporary Art Fair and Lucie Fontaine Gallery/art employer in Milan.

Themes and works
Morales's practice is focused on the notion of identity and how this notion can be stretched, redefined and de-structured. Her projects are often characterized by controversy, as many artworks document different research based on topics like authorship, fiction, signature, identity, disappearance, shifting personality and public persona in relationship to media, whether they are an act of confession from her adolescent fantasies or the concept of beating hired men, the latter bringing her unexpected fame in the Italian tabloid media in addition to the self-proclaimed therapy.

Vecchio Merda Danzband
She is one of the members of Vecchio Merda Danzband, an all-female group of artists consisting of Lia Cecchin, Lindsay Benedict and Lisa Perrucci, which is a weekly meeting with changing projects in music, dance, cooking, videos, intervention, games, walks, and other media.

Depending on the cycle of the moon, Vecchio Merda Danzband fluctuates in medium but always mines heartbreak culture. Precariously formed in Turin, Italy in 2012, they were commissioned by Centrale Fies to perform a traditional-style concert. With their lack of technical expertise but wealth of enthusiasm, they created melancholy pieces, instructional dance steps and purposeless karaoke for the SUPERLIKERS concert. The core members speak in three different languages and through the struggle to communicate, surprises, mistakes and magic are made. This perilous structure is coupled with their determination to explore the emotionally disruptive actions of love that forces a slowing down of industrial time. Typically, VMDB artworks fight to amplify relationships towards deeper intimacies and stimulate renegotiations of attachments. Love, being the Danzband's main theme, can be a real modifier of ideology and an effective way of stimulating political movement. A broken heart can slow down productivity in a capitalist system. For this reason, the Danzband sees value in instability, crises, and resistance.

No Title, No Author
In 2011, Morales decided to take the identity of another person, which name remains mysterious, substituting her in daily actions like going to school and meeting friends. Through this substitution the artist injected fiction into reality but also generated a double reality, creating an artificial situation in which the same person could be at the same time in two different places. Furthermore, this act becomes a subtle critique of how in our reality human relationships can be manipulated and shaped at our convenience. Documenting this act is a printed matter made 'in collaboration' – here four hands become two – with the person she substituted.

The Monster No 2 Patrimony

A Mediatic Performance in 2010, Morales began to post flyers around Milan offering money to men if they would allow her to beat them. The flyer attracted the attention of an Italian journalist who contacted her for an interview, which was then manipulated and published in the Italian tabloid magazines Vero and Visto. The article then attracted the attention of the writers of Pomeriggio 5, a talk show broadcast by Silvio Berlusconi's TV company, whose official target consists of old people and housewives. I decided to perform the character presented in those magazines. The fact that I am an artist was never mentioned. Eventually that appearance on the TV talk show generated another "media presence" on the famous Italian TV show called Striscia la notizia, which is a parody of the week's news and was one of the first examples of "Italian entertainment TV" brought to Italy by Berlusconi in the 1980s. In Striscia la Notizia I was ranked "Monster Number 2" in a top ten of media freaks, leading me to title the work "Monster N° 2 Patrimony".

This patrimony includes:
 Email from the first journalist
 Visto N°31, August 2010 (magazine)
 Vero N°29, September 2010 (magazine)
 Email including the invitation to go on TV
 "Pomeriggio 5" 29 September (video)
 "Striscia la Notizia" 1 October (video)
 92 emails that the monster received asking for her services
 Internet blogs

"Confession of Imagined Orgasms from 1990 to 1992" (2010)
The artist went to a church in Italy and confessed to a priest a sin she made when she was 9. The sin, related to the artist's childish attempt to understand what an orgasm meant, came after she read a book on sexual education, which was given to her by her father when she was 9. Underlining the cathartic nature of Daniella Isamit Morales's practice, as well as her desire to create alternative timelines, this project was presented as a video work: the images were taken by her father during the artist's first communion which was taken without confessing the sin; the audio is the recording of her confessing the infamous sin.

Exhibitions
 "Domesticity V," exhibition at Lucie Fontaine.
 "SUPERLIKERS", Vecchio Merda Danzband at Centrale Fies in Dro, ITALY.
 "SPRINT", Spazio O' Milan, curated by Dafne Boggeri. (2013)
 "La Biblioteca Fantastica", MAN di Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy at CHERIMUS SARDEGNA. (2013)
 "Les Associations Libres", La Maison Rouge, Paris curated by Chiara Parisi, Nicola Setari and Francesca di Nardo. (2012)
 "80," Gum Studio, Turin. (2012)
 "Estate", Marianne Boesky, New York curated by Lucie Fontaine. (2012)
 "Ulaz", Cavallerizza Reale, Turin, Italy curated by Alessandro Carrer and Bruno Barsanti. (2012)
 "Ogni Donna Sono Io", Spazio Corale, Milan curated by Sara Errico and Francesca Guerisoli. (2012)
 "Start Point Prize", Wannieck Gallery, Brno, Czech Republic, curated by Pavel Vancat. (2011)

References

External links
Documentation of Vecchio Merda Danzband performance of SUPERLIKERS at Centrale Fies, IT
Article on Vice Noisey about the Alps compilation
Audio of Vecchio Merda Danzband
Lucie Fontaine / Daniella Isamit Morales.
Vecchio Merda Danzband member giving dance instruction to a VM original song from the Broken/Breakin' Hearts album
'Sound of a Bitch', printed pamphlet of drawings by Daniella Isamit Morales distributed by the Caracas-Brooklyn collective Bestialo Culapsus

1982 births
Living people
21st-century women artists
Venezuelan DJs
Venezuelan performance artists
Venezuelan women artists
Venezuelan electronic musicians


title: Clark Beaumont

text:
Sarah Clark and Nicole Beaumont, known as Clark Beaumont,  are an artistic collaborative duo who formed in 2010, and currently live and work in Brisbane, Australia. The pair work primarily in the mediums of video and live or mediated performance, and have presented live performances and videos at festivals, exhibitions, and events nationally and internationally.

Work
Clark Beaumont work primarily in the mediums of video and live or mediated performance. Their work explores questions of identity, female subjectivity, intimacy, and interpersonal relationships, often with themselves as the subject matter for their work. Their collaboration means exploring the social and physical dynamics of working together to create artwork. Through performance and time-based media, they experiment with multiple feminine personas and characters, recreating and reflecting on the individual and intersubjective experiences that contribute to the practice. The duo aims to create artwork that creatively and critically engages elements of humour and absurdity to explore how contemporary constructs of female identity and subjectivity are formed.

Exhibitions
Since beginning their collaboration, the duo have presented live performances, videos and installations nationally and internationally in both group and solo shows. Solo exhibitions include:
Heart to Heart at Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery, Sydney;
Feeling It Out at Kings ARI, Melbourne;
Seen at JIWAR, Barcelona (2013);
She'll Be Right at Boxcopy, Brisbane (2012); and
Pear Shaped at Current Projects, Brisbane (2012).

Group exhibitions include:
"GoMA Q: Contemporary Queensland Art" at the Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane (2015);
"Performance Presence / Video Time" at the Australian Experimental Art Foundation, Adelaide (2015);
Art as a Verb at Monash University Museum of Art (2014);
Presence/Absence at Spiro Grace Art Rooms, Brisbane (2014);
Rinse & Repeat at The Hangar, Brisbane (2013);
13 Rooms at Pier ⅔, Sydney; Pivotal at BUS Projects, Melbourne (2013);
Hatched at the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts, Perth; SafARI (2012), Sydney; the Brisbane Emerging Art Festival, Brisbane (2012);
Exist-ence at the Judith Wright Centre of Contemporary Arts, Brisbane's Sixty Sixty at Metro Arts, Brisbane (2011); and
Introspection at the Brisbane Institute of Art, Brisbane.

13 Rooms
In April 2013, Clark Beaumont were included in the major exhibition 13 Rooms, produced by Kaldor Public Art Projects in Sydney, Australia. The exhibition was curated by Hans Ulrich Obrist and Klaus Biesenbach, and included other performance works by numerous well-known international artists such as Damien Hirst, Marina Abramović, Tino Sehgal, Allora & Calzadilla, Santiago Sierra, and John Baldessari. Clark Beaumont's inclusion in the exhibition, as comparatively younger and lesser known artists, was the subject of much media coverage within Australia and overseas. In the 13 Rooms catalog, Clark Beaumont's work was described as: "...extend[ing] a historical trajectory of conceptual art and present Coexisting, 2013. Explicitly positioning the artists as artwork, the pair will spend the duration of the exhibition on a plinth with a surface area slightly too small for two people to comfortably occupy."

Notes

External links
Clark Beaumont's website
Artist Profile on 89Plus
Essay on Coexisting, Framework magazine
Queensland University of Technology, The Shape of Things to Come

Living people
21st-century Australian women artists
21st-century Australian artists
Art duos
Australian video artists
Australian contemporary artists
2010 establishments in Australia
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Carry On (Lisa Stansfield song)

text:
"Carry On" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 2014 album, Seven. It was written by Stansfield and her husband Ian Devaney, and produced by Devaney and Snowboy. "Carry On" was announced as the second single on 10 January 2014 and premiered on Ken Bruce's BBC Radio 2 show on 13 January 2014. The music video premiered on 31 January 2014. The digital single was released in Germany on 14 February 2014 and the 7" single in the United Kingdom on 21 April 2014. In October 2014, Andy Lewis Remix of "Carry On" was included on the re-release of Seven, titled Seven+. Stansfield performed the song during her Seven Tour.

Track listings
Promotional single
"Carry On" (Radio Mix) – 3:39
"Carry On" (Album Version) – 4:07

German digital single
"Carry On" (Ash Howes Radio Mix) – 3:39
"Carry On" – 4:07

UK 7" single
"Carry On" (Andy Lewis Remix) – 3:49
"Carry On" (Andy Lewis Instrumental) – 3:49

Charts

Credits and personnel

Songwriting – Lisa Stansfield, Ian Devaney
Production – Ian Devaney, Snowboy
Mixing – Peter Mokran
Engineers – Stephen Boyce-Buckley, Jay Glover, Robbie Nelson
Piano – Ian Devaney
Hammond – Dave Oliver
Percussion – Snowboy
Guitars – Al Cherry
Drums – Davide Giovannini
Bass – Gary Crockett
Trumpets – John Thirkell
Saxophones – Mickey Donnelly
Strings – The London Telefilmonic Orchestra
Horns arrangement – Ian Devaney, John Thrikell
Strings arrangement and conductor – Richard Cottle

Release history

References

Lisa Stansfield songs
2014 singles
2014 songs
Songs written by Lisa Stansfield
Songs written by Ian Devaney


title: 2014 Desert Diamond Cup

text:
The 2014 Desert Diamond Cup was a soccer exhibition featuring five soccer teams from Major League Soccer and one from USL Premier Development League, held between February 19 – March 1, 2014. The preseason tournament was played at the Kino Sports Complex 11,000 seat main stadium in Tucson, Arizona. This was the 4th annual Desert Diamond Cup.

Teams
The following six clubs participated in the 2014 tournament:
 Chicago Fire (first appearance)
 Chivas USA (first appearance)
 Colorado Rapids (first appearance)
 FC Tucson (second appearance)
 New England Revolution (third appearance)
 Real Salt Lake (third appearance)

Chivas Rayadas de Guadalajara was also announced to play in the final match in place of FC Tucson.

Standings

Matches
The tournament featured a round-robin group stage followed by third-place and championship matches.

Tournament

Finals

References

External links
 2014 FC Tucson Desert Diamond Cup

2014
Desert Diamond Cup


title: Sir Jude Ejiogu

text:
Sir Jude Ejiogu is a Nigerian politician from Imo state, Nigeria. He was a former Secretary to Imo State Government and former  chief of staff to the governor of Imo State.

Background
Ejiogu is an Igbo, born into a catholic family in Emekuku, Owerri Imo State. He is also a one time chairman of the Local Government Civil Service Commission in Imo.

References

Living people
Igbo politicians
Imo State politicians
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Péter Szalay

text:
Dr. Péter Szalay (born June 29, 1940) is a Hungarian physician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Fidesz Budapest Regional List between 2011 and 2014.

Szalay became MP on February 14, 2011, replacing István Tarlós, who was elected Mayor of Budapest on December 3, 2010. Szalay was appointed a member of the Committee on European Affairs on February 14, 2011 and Committee on Health on February 11, 2013. He was defeated by Dezső Hiszékeny (MSZP) at Budapest Constituency VII in the 2014 parliamentary election.

References

1940 births
Living people
Politicians from Budapest
Fidesz politicians
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (2010–2014)
Physicians from Budapest


title: Archaeological site of Cabeço do Vouga

text:
The Archaeological site of Cabeço do Vouga (), also known as Castelium Marnelis, is an archaeological site in civil parish union of Trofa, Segadães e Lamas do Vouga, in the municipality of Águeda, in central Portugal. It is classified as a Property of Public Interest (), and dates back to the Iron Age.

History
The site dates to the 1st century, and consists of a wall platform, that was later reoccupied by Romans. The Roman presence along the physical frontiers was a systematic implantation of their politico-administrative power in the Iberian peninsula, involving the occupation and reorganization of their territorial conquests, over a vast area. This specifically included the definition of administrative regions, the demarcation of routes that secured connections between their occupied population centers and their actions based on the changing policies of Rome. The first of these was accomplished, essentially, by the territorial definition of their civitates, the normal unit of Roman administration, which subordinated other rural sites to its political, administrative and judicial authority and imposed control.

In this context, the development of Talabriga, one of the capitals of the three main civitates that divided the territory of Scallabis Eurobrittium until the Mondego, was important in the daily activities of the site known as Cabeço do Vouga, situated in the Lameiras do Vouga. Situated on a hilltop overlooking the River Mondego, it falls along an axis that connected Olisipo and Bracara Augusta, evident from its dominion over the landscape.

The settlement was likely conquered by Celt forces sometime in 137 A.D., who reinforced the defensive system. Barbarian invaders, likely Vandalas, reconquered the site later, and sometime between the 3rd-4th century A.D., the walls were extended with counter-walls.

Partially excavated in the second quarter of the 20th century, by António Gomes da Rocha Madahil (an archaeological enthusiast and historian of Ílhavo) and Sousa Baptista, the station was successively excavated in the early part of the 21st century. In the second half of the 20th century, Mário de Castro Hipólito completed work on site, followed in 1996 by a new intervention, under the direction of Fernando A. Pereira da Silva (from the University of Porto).

In 1999, a cooperation protocol was signed by the municipal council and the Escola Superior de Conservacion e Restauracion de Bens Culturais de Galicia (Galician Superior School of Cultural Conservation and Restoration) to treat and restore the site, that included geophysical surveys of the site. These excavations were begun in July 1999, resulting in the discovery of further structures.

Architecture

The site is situated in a rural landscape, located between the hilltops of Cabeço Redondo and Cabeço da Mina, extending along a great expanse covered by forest and wild brush. Nearby are two chapels erected during the Christian period, dedicated to the Holy Spirit () and Our Lady of Victory ().

The platform is an artificial construction, walled in a rectangular plan, from limited excavations. The more relevant walls are  high,  long and  wide. On the eastern end, there is evidence of reinforcement, with a rectangular counter-wall, of dual pilasters, that includes four circular buildings.

The fortified site was constructed sometime in the region's Iron Age (confirmed from the circular pattern of its construction), and was reused during the Roman period, as part of their geostrategic policy of reusing pre-existing local sites. Investigations of the site permit a distinction of the complex defensive systems, formed by lines of walls and interior rectangular structures covering 4 hectares. The Roman presence is represented by characteristic materials used in its reconstruction, including ceramics and amphorae.

References
Notes

Sources

Buildings and structures in Águeda
Archaeological sites in Aveiro District
Buildings and structures in Aveiro District
Iron Age Portugal


title: 100,000 Homes Campaign

text:
The 100,000 Homes Campaign was an initiative of Community Solutions designed to "help communities around the country place 100,000 chronically homeless people in 186 communities in the United States into permanent supportive housing."  Due to the cost of emergency department treatment, the program aims to provide housing for the homeless, as it is cheaper in the long run. In 2014, the program was featured on 60 Minutes, focusing on the homeless population in Nashville, Tennessee. Becky Kanis Margiotta was the campaign director. By July 2014, the 100,000 Homes Campaign had reached its goal and housed 105,580 of the most vulnerable homeless individuals.

Housing First

One of the vehicles focusing on housing the chronically homeless is Housing First which is premised on the notion that housing is a basic human right, and so should not be denied to anyone, even if they are abusing alcohol or other substances. The Housing First model, thus, is philosophically in contrast to models that require the homeless to abjure substance-abuse and seek treatment in exchange for housing. Housing First is currently endorsed by the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) as a "best practice" for governments and service-agencies to use in their fight to end chronic homelessness in America.

Name and Need and Vulnerability Index
Journalist David Bornstein of The New York Times summarized key elements of the 100,000 Homes Campaign that campaign leaders indicate are critical to its success. This included learning individual homeless people's "name and need" by mobilizing volunteers to go very early in the morning to check on them, establishing a "vulnerability index" so they could prioritize certain homeless people and "bring housing advocates and agency representatives together to streamline the placement processes, and share ideas about how to cut through red tape."

References

External links

Homelessness organizations
Housing organizations in the United States


title: List of rulers of Martaban

text:
This is a list of rulers of Martaban (Mottama), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma, from the 13th to 17th centuries. Martaban was the capital of Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Ramanya) from 1287 to 1364.

Pagan Period
The earliest extant evidence of Martaban on records is an 1176 inscription by King Sithu II of Pagan (Bagan).

Hanthawaddy Period

Toungoo Period

See also
 Hanthawaddy Kingdom
 List of Burmese monarchs
 List of rulers of Pegu
 List of rulers of Bassein

Notes

References

Bibliography

Martaban
Hanthawaddy dynasty


title: Kyōgoku Takakazu (d. 1441)

text:
(died 12 July 1441) was a Japanese noble member of the Kyōgoku Clan (Japanese: ) of Japan who served the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshinori.

Family Origins

The Kyōgoku Clan claimed their noble descent from Emperor Uda (868–897). The clan rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods when they would become a daimyō clan. A later Kyōgoku Takakazu became daimyō and head of the Kyōgoku clan in 1637.

Biography

Kyōgoku Takakazu was named the Shugo of Yamashiro Province from 1421 to 1423. He was succeeded in this position by a member of the Kyōgoku clan, Kyōgoku Mochimitsu, though it is unclear whether the two were directly related.

Kyōgoku Takakazu was killed in 1441 during the Kakitsu no Hen, a rebellion during which the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshinori was assassinated by disaffected vassals at a dinner banquet hosted by Akamatsu Mitsusuke, one of the vassals who had been stripped of his lands and titles. Kyōgoku Takakazu died defending the Shogun along with Ōuchi Mochiyo (1394–1441) head of the Ōuchi clan who died later of his wounds on 28 July 1441. Kyōgoku Takakazu died during the incident on 12 July 1441 as he was cut down by Mitsusuke soldiers.

See also

 Kakitsu no Hen
 Kyōgoku Clan
 Ashikaga Yoshinori

References

Kyōgoku clan
Year of birth unknown
1441 deaths