title: List of reptiles of Madagascar

text:
This is a list of reptiles in Madagascar.

Total number of species = 406

Snakes

Boas (Boidae)
 Acrantophis madagascariensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1844)
 Acrantophis dumerili (Jan, 1860)
 Sanzinia madagascariensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1844)

Elapidae
 Hydrophis platurus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Psammophiidae

 Mimophis mahfalensis (Grandidier, 1867)
 Mimophis occultus Ruane, Myers, Lo, Yuen, Welt, Juman, Futterman, Nussbaum, Schneider, Burbrink & Raxworthy, 2017

Pseudoxyrhophiidae
 Alluaudina bellyi (Mocquard, 1894)
 Alluaudina mocquardi (Angel, 1939)
 Brygophis coulangesi (Domergue, 1988)
 Compsophis infralineatus (Günther, 1882)
 Compsophis boulengeri (Peracca, 1892)
 Compsophis albiventris (Mocquard, 1894)
 Compsophis vinckei (Domergue, 1988)
 Compsophis laphystius (Cadle, 1996)
 Compsophis zeny (Cadle, 1996)
 Compsophis fatsibe (Mercurio & Andreone, 2005)
 Dromicodryas bernieri (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
 Dromicodryas quadrilineatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
 Exallodontophis albignaci (Domergue, 1984)
 Heteroliodon occipitalis (Boulenger, 1896)
 Heteroliodon lava (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Heteroliodon fohy (Glaw, Vences & Nussbaum, 2005)
 Ithycyphus goudoti (Schlegel, 1837)
 Ithycyphus miniatus (Schlegel, 1837)
 Ithycyphus oursi (Domergue, 1986)
 Ithycyphus perineti (Domergue, 1986)
 Ithycyphus blanci (Domergue, 1988)
 Langaha madagascariensis (Bonnaterre, 1790)
 Langaha alluaudi (Mocquard, 1901)
 Langaha pseudoalluaudi (Domergue, 1988)
 Leioheterodon madagascariensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
 Leioheterodon modestus (Günther, 1863)
 Leioheterodon geayi (Mocquard, 1905)
 Liophidium rhodogaster (Schlegel, 1837)
 Liophidium torquatum (Boulenger, 1888)
 Liophidium trilineatum (Boulenger, 1896)
 Liophidium vaillanti (Mocquard, 1901)
 Liophidium apperti (Domergue, 1984)
 Liophidium chabaudi (Domergue, 1984)
 Liophidium therezieni (Domergue, 1984)
 Liophidium maintikibo (Franzen, Jones, Raselimanana, Nagy, C'Cruze, Glaw & Vences, 2009)
 Liophidium pattoni (Vieites, Ratsoavina, Randrianiaina, Nagy, Glaw & Vences, 2010)
 Liopholidophis sexlineatus (Günther, 1882)
 Liopholidophis varius (Fischer, 1884)
 Liopholidophis dolicocercus (Peracca, 1892)
 Liopholidophis grandidieri (Mocquard, 1904)
 Liopholidophis rhadinaea (Cadle, 1996)
 Liopholidophis dimorphus (Glaw, Nagy, Franzen & Vences, 2007)
 Liopholidophis baderi (Glaw, Kucharzewski, Nagy, Hawlitschek & Vences, 2013)
 Liopholidophis oligolepis (Glaw, Kucharzewski, Nagy, Hawlitschek & Vences, 2013)
 Lycodryas gaimardi (Schlegel, 1837)
 Lycodryas granuliceps (Boettger, 1877)
 Lycodryas guentheri (Boulenger, 1896)
 Lycodryas inornatus (Boulenger, 1896)
 Lycodryas carleti (Domergue, 1995)
 Lycodryas citrinus (Domergue, 1995)
 Lycodryas inopinae (Domergue, 1995)
 Lycodryas pseudogranuliceps (Domergue, 1995)
 Madagascarophis colubrinus (Schlegel, 1837)
 Madagascarophis meridionalis (Domergue, 1987)
 Madagascarophis ocellatus (Domergue, 1987)
 Madagascarophis fuchsi (Glaw, Kucharzewski, Nagy, Köhler & Vences, 2013)
 Micropisthodon ochraceus (Mocquard, 1894)
 Pararhadinaea melanogaster (Boettger, 1898)
 Parastenophis betsileanus (Günther, 1880)
 Phisalixella arctifasciata (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
 Phisalixella variabilis (Boulenger, 1896)
 Phisalixella iarakaensis (Domergue, 1994)
 Phisalixella tulearensis (Domergue, 1995)
 Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus (Jan, 1863)
 Pseudoxyrhopus microps (Günther, 1881)
 Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus (Günther, 1881)
 Pseudoxyrhopus imerinae (Günther, 1890)
 Pseudoxyrhopus tritaeniatus (Mocquard, 1894)
 Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis (Mocquard, 1895)
 Pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Pseudoxyrhopus kely (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Pseudoxyrhopus sokosoko (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Pseudoxyrhopus analabe (Raxworthy', Andreone & Nussbaum, 1998)
 Pseudoxyrhopus oblectator (Cadle, 1999)
 Thamnosophis lateralis (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
 Thamnosophis stumpffi (Boettger, 1881)
 Thamnosophis infrasignatus (Günther, 1882)
 Thamnosophis epistibes (Cadle, 1996)
 Thamnosophis martae (Glaw, Vences & Franzen, 2005)
 Thamnosophis mavotenda (Glaw, Nagy, Köhler, Franzen & Vences, 2009)

Typhlopidae
 Indotyphlops braminus (Daudun, 1803)
 Madatyphlops arenarius (Grandidier, 1872)
 Madatyphlops madagascariensis (Boettger, 1877)
 Madatyphlops mucronatus (Boettger, 1880)
 Madatyphlops reuteri (Boettger, 1881)
 Madatyphlops boettgeri (Boulenger, 1893)
 Madatyphlops decorsei (Mocquard, 1901)
 Madatyphlops microcephalus (Werner, 1909)
 Madatyphlops ocularis (Parker, 1927)
 Madatyphlops domerguei (Roux-Estève, 1980)
 Madatyphlops andasibensis (Wallach & Glaw, 2009)
 Madatyphlops rajeryi (Renoult & Raselimanana, 2009)

Xenotyphlopidae

Xenotyphlops grandidieri (Mocquard, 1905)
 Xenotyphlops mocquardi (Wallach, Mecurio & Andreone, 2007)

Lizards

Agamids (Agamidae)
 Agama agama (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chameleons (Chamaeleonidae)
 Brookesia superciliaris (Kuhl, 1820)
 Brookesia ebenaui (Boettger, 1880)
 Brookesia minima (Boettger, 1893)
 Brookesia stumpffi (Boettger, 1894)
 Brookesia tuberculata (Mocquard, 1894)
 Brookesia dentata (Mocquard, 1900)
 Brookesia perarmata (Angel, 1933)
 Brookesia decaryi (Angel, 1939)
 Brookesia vadoni (Brygoo & Domergue, 1968)
 Brookesia thieli (Brygoo & Domergue, 1969)
 Brookesia karchei (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1970)
 Brookesia lambertoni (Brygoo & Domergue, 1970)
 Brookesia therezieni (Brygoo & Domergue, 1970)
 Brookesia betschi (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)
 Brookesia griveaudi (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)
 Brookesia peyrierasi (Brygoo & Domergue, 1974)
 Brookesia ramanantsoai (Brygoo & Domergue, 1975)
 Brookesia bonsi (Ramanantsoa, 1980)
 Brookesia valerieae (Raxworthy, 1991)
 Brookesia ambreensis (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Brookesia antakarana (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Brookesia bekolosy (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Brookesia brygooi (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Brookesia lineata (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Brookesia exarmata (Schimmenti & Jesu, 1996)
 Brookesia brunoi (Crottini, Miralles, Glaw, Harris, Lima & Vences, 2012)
 Brookesia confidens (Glaw, Köhler, Towsend & Vences, 2012)
 Brookesia desperata (Glaw, Köhler, Towsend & Vences, 2012)
 Brookesia micra (Glaw, Köhler, Towsend & Vences, 2012)
 Brookesia tristis (Glaw, Köhler, Towsend & Vences, 2012)
 Calumma parsonii (Cuvier, 1824)
 Calumma cucullatum (Gray, 1831)
 Calumma nasutum (Duméril & Bibron, 1836)
 Calumma gallus (Günther, 1877)
 Calumma brevicorne (Günther, 1879)
 Calumma globifer (Günther, 1879)
 Calumma malthe (Günther, 1879)
 Calumma furcifer (Vaillant & Grandidier, 1880)
 Calumma oshaughnessyi (Günther, 1881)
 Calumma boettgeri (Boulenger, 1888)
 Calumma gastrotaenia (Boulenger, 1888)
 Calumma fallax (Mocquard, 1900)
 Calumma guibei (Hillenius, 1959)
 Calumma tsaratananense (Brygoo & Domergue, 1967)
 Calumma marojezense (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1970)
 Calumma andringitraense (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1972)
 Calumma capuroni (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1972)
 Calumma hilleniusi (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1973)
 Calumma ambreense (Ramanantsoa, 1974)
 Calumma guillaumeti (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)
 Calumma peyrierasi (Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)
 Calumma glawi (Böhme, 1997)
 Calumma vatosoa (Andreone, Mattioli, Jesu & Randrianirina, 2001)
 Calumma vencesi (Andreone, Mattioli, Jesu & Randrianirina, 2001)
 Calumma amber (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma crypticum (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma hafahafa (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma jejy (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma peltierorum (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma tsycorne (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006)
 Calumma tarzan (Gehring, Pabijan, Ratsoavina, Köhler, Vences & Glaw, 2010)
 Calumma vohibola (Gehring, Ratsoavina, Vences & Glaw, 2011)
 Furcifer bifidus (Brongniart, 1800)
 Furcifer pardalis (Cuvier, 1829)
 Furcifer verrucosus (Cuvier, 1829)
 Furcifer lateralis (Gray, 1831)
 Furcifer rhinoceratus (Gray, 1845)
 Furcifer balteatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1851)
 Furcifer antimena (Grandidier, 1872)
 Furcifer campani (Grandidier, 1872)
 Furcifer labordi (Grandidier, 1872)
 Furcifer minor (Günther, 1879)
 Furcifer willsii (Günther, 1890)
 Furcifer oustaleti (Mocquard, 1894)
 Furcifer petteri (Brygoo & Domergue, 1966)
 Furcifer angeli (Brygoo & Domergue, 1968)
 Furcifer belalandaensis (Brygoo & Domergue, 1970)
 Furcifer major (Brygoo, 1971)
 Furcifer tuzetae (Brygoo, Bourgat & Domergue, 1972)
 Furcifer nicosiai (Jesu, Mattioli & Schimmenti, 1999)
 Furcifer timoni (Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2009)
 Furcifer viridis (Florio, Ingram, Rakotondravony, Louis jr. & Raxworthy, 2012)
 Palleon nasus (Boulenger, 1887)
 Palleon lolontany (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)

Gekkonidae (infraorder: Gekkota)

 Blaesodactylus boivini (Duméril, 1856)
 Blaesodactylus sakalava (Grandidier, 1867)
 Blaesodactylus antongilensis (Böhme & Meier, 1980)
 Blaesodactylus ambonihazo (Bauer, Glaw, Gehring & Vences, 2011)
 Ebenavia inunguis (Boettger, 1878)
 Ebenavia maintimainty (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1998)
 Geckolepis typica (Grandidier, 1867)
 Geckolepis maculata (Peters, 1880)
 Geckolepis polylepis (Boettger, 1893)
 Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834)
 Hemidactylus frenatus (Schlegel, 1836)
 Hemidactylus mercatorius (Gray, 1842)
 Hemidactylus platycephalus (Peters, 1854)
 Lygodactylus tolampyae (Grandidier, 1872)
 Lygodactylus madagascariensis (Boettger, 1881)
 Lygodactylus bivittis (Peters, 1883)
 Lygodactylus pictus (Peters, 1883)
 Lygodactylus miops (Günther, 1891)
 Lygodactylus verticillatus (Mocquard, 1895)
 Lygodactylus heterurus (Boettger, 1913)
 Lygodactylus decaryi (Angel, 1930)
 Lygodactylus mirabilis (Pasteur, 1962)
 Lygodactylus arnoulti (Pasteur, 1965)
 Lygodactylus guibei (Pasteur, 1965)
 Lygodactylus klemmeri (Pasteur, 1965)
 Lygodactylus montanus (Pasteur, 1965)
 Lygodactylus ornatus (Pasteur, 1965)
 Lygodactylus tuberosus (Mertens, 1965)
 Lygodactylus blanci (Pasteur, 1967)
 Lygodactylus expectatus (Pasteur & Blanc, 1967)
 Lygodactylus rarus (Pasteur & Blanc, 1973)
 Lygodactylus pauliani (Pasteur & Blanc, 1991)
 Lygodactylus blancae (Pasteur, 1995)
 Lygodactylus intermedius (Pasteur, 1995)
 Lygodactylus roavolana (Puente, Glaw, Vieites & Vences, 2009)
 Matoatoa brevipes (Mocquard, 1900)
 Matoatoa spannringi (Raxworthy & Nussbaum & Pronk, 1998)
 Paragehyra petiti (Angel, 1929)
 Paragehyra gabriellae (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Paroedura picta (Peters, 1854)
 Paroedura androyensis (Grandidier, 1867)
 Paroedura stumpffi (Boettger, 1879)
 Paroedura oviceps (Boettger, 1881)
 Paroedura gracilis (Boulenger, 1896)
 Paroedura bastardi (Mocquard, 1900)
 Paroedura homalorhina (Angel, 1936)
 Paroedura masobe (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Paroedura manongavato (Piccoli, Belluardo, Lobón-Rovira, Alves, Rasoazanany, Andreone, Rosa & Crottini, 2023)
 Paroedura ibityensis (Rösler & Krüger, 1998)
 Paroedura karstophila (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Paroedura maingoka (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Paroedura rennerae (Miralles, Bruy, Crottini, Rakotoarison, Ratsoavina, Scherz, Schmidt, Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2021)
 Paroedura tanjaka (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Paroedura vahiny (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Paroedura vazimba (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000)
 Paroedura lohatsara (Glaw, Vences & Nussbaum, 2001)
 Phelsuma cepediana (Milbert, 1812)
 Phelsuma madagascariensis (Gray, 1831)
 Phelsuma lineata (Gray, 1842)
 Phelsuma mutabilis (Grandidier, 1869)
 Phelsuma grandis (Gray, 1870)
 Phelsuma laticauda (Boettger, 1880)
 Phelsuma dubia (Boettger, 1881)
 Phelsuma quadriocellata (Peters, 1883)
 Phelsuma abbotti (Stejneger, 1893)
 Phelsuma breviceps (Boettger, 1894)
 Phelsuma standingi (Methuen & Hewitt, 1913)
 Phelsuma guttata (Kaudern, 1922)
 Phelsuma barbouri (Loveridge, 1942)
 Phelsuma kochi (Mertens, 1954)
 Phelsuma flavigularis (Mertens, 1962)
 Phelsuma serraticauda (Mertens, 1963)
 Phelsuma dorsivittata (Mertens, 1964)
 Phelsuma pusilla (Mertens, 1964)
 Phelsuma modesta (Mertens, 1970)
 Phelsuma parva (Meier, 1983)
 Phelsuma seippi (Meier, 1987)
 Phelsuma klemmeri (Seipp, 1991)
 Phelsuma antanosy (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)
 Phelsuma masohoala (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Phelsuma pronki (Seipp, 1994)
 Phelsuma berghofi (Krügler, 1996)
 Phelsuma malamakibo (Nussbaum, Raxworthy, Raselimanana & Ramanamanjato, 2000)
 Phelsuma hielscheri (Rösler, 2001)
 Phelsuma kely (Schönecker, Bach & Glaw, 2004)
 Phelsuma vanheygeni (Lerner, 2004)
 Phelsuma ravenala (Raxworthy, Ingram, Rabibisoa & Pearson, 2007)
 Phelsuma borai (Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2009)
 Phelsuma hoeschi (Berghof & Trautmann, 2009)
 Phelsuma roesleri (Glaw, Gehring, Köhler, Franzen & Vences, 2010)
 Phelsuma gouldi (Crottini, Gehring, Glaw, Harris, Lima & Vences, 2011)
 Uroplatus fimbriatus (Schneider, 1797)
 Uroplatus lineatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1836)
 Uroplatus ebenaui (Boettger, 1879)
 Uroplatus phantasticus (Boulenger, 1888)
 Uroplatus alluaudi (Mocquard, 1894)
 Uroplatus garamaso (Glaw, Köhler, Ratsoavina, Raselimanana, Crottini, Gehring, Böhme, Scherz & Vences, 2023)
 Uroplatus guentheri (Mocquard, 1908)
 Uroplatus sikorae (Boettger, 1913)
 Uroplatus henkeli (Böhme & Ibisch, 1990)
 Uroplatus sameiti (Böhme & Ibisch, 1990)
 Uroplatus malahelo (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Uroplatus malama (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Uroplatus pietschmanni (Böhle & Schönecker, 2004)
 Uroplatus giganteus (Glaw, Kosuch, Henkel, Sound & Böhme, 2006)
 Uroplatus finiavana (Ratsoavina, Louis jr., Crottini, Randrianiaina, Glaw & Vences, 2011)

Gerrhosauridae
 Tracheloptychus madagascariensis (Peters, 1854)
 Tracheloptychus petersi (Grandidier, 1869)
 Zonosaurus madagascariensis (Gray, 1831)
 Zonosaurus ornatus (Gray, 1831)
 Zonosaurus quadrilineatus (Grandidier, 1867)
 Zonosaurus karsteni (Grandidier, 1869)
 Zonosaurus laticaudatus (Grandidier, 1869)
 Zonosaurus aeneus (Grandidier, 1872)
 Zonosaurus rufipes (Boettger, 1881)
 Zonosaurus subunicolor (Boettger, 1881)
 Zonosaurus boettgeri (Steindachner, 1891)
 Zonosaurus maximus (Boulenger, 1896)
 Zonosaurus trilineatus (Angel, 1939)
 Zonosaurus haraldmeieri (Brygoo & Böhme, 1985)
 Zonosaurus brygooi (Lang & Böhme, 1990)
 Zonosaurus anelanelany (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Raselimanana, 2000)
 Zonosaurus bemaraha (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Raselimanana, 2000)
 Zonosaurus tsingy (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Raselimanana, 2000)
 Zonosaurus maramaintso (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Raselimanana, 2006)

Madagascan iguanas (Opluridae)
 Chalarodon madagascariensis (Peters, 1854)
 Oplurus cyclurus (Merren, 1820)
 Oplurus cuvieri (Gray, 1831)
 Oplurus quadrimaculatus (Duméril & Bibron, 1851)
 Oplurus fierinensis (Grandidier, 1869)
 Oplurus saxicola (Grandidier, 1869)
 Oplurus grandidieri (Mocquard, 1900)

Skinks (Scincidae)
 Amphiglossus astrolabi (Duméril & Bibron, 1839)
 Amphiglossus splendidus (Grandidier, 1872)
 Amphiglossus melanurus (Günther, 1877)
 Amphiglossus gastrostictus (O'Shaughnessy, 1879)
 Amphiglossus macrocercus (Günther, 1882)
 Amphiglossus frontoparietalis (Boulenger, 1889)
 Amphiglossus ornaticeps (Boulenger, 1896)
 Amphiglossus ardouini (Mocquard, 1897)
 Amphiglossus crenni (Mocquard, 1906)
 Amphiglossus reticulatus (Kaudern, 1922)
 Amphiglossus decaryi (Angel, 1930)
 Amphiglossus andranovahensis (Angel, 1933)
 Amphiglossus elongatus (Angel, 1933)
 Amphiglossus alluaudi (Brygoo, 1981)
 Amphiglossus tsaratananensis (Brygoo, 1981)
 Amphiglossus anosyensis (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)
 Amphiglossus mandokava (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)
 Amphiglossus punctatus (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)
 Amphiglossus mandady (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Amphiglossus spilostichus (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Amphiglossus stylus (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Amphiglossus tanysoma (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Amphiglossus meva (Miralles, Raselimanana, Rakotomalala, Vences & Vieines, 2011)
 Androngo trivittatus (Boulenger, 1896)
 Cryptoblepharus cognatus (Boettger, 1881)
 Cryptoblepharus voeltzkowi (Sternfeld, 1918)
 Madascincus igneocaudatus (Grandidier, 1867)
 Madascincus polleni (Grandidier, 1869)
 Madascincus mouroundavae (Grandidier, 1872)
 Madascincus melanopleura (Günther, 1877)
 Madascincus stumpffi (Boettger, 1882)
 Madascincus macrolepis (Boulenger, 1888)
 Madascincus ankodabensis (Angel, 1930)
 Madascincus minutus (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)
 Madascincus nanus (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Madascincus arenicola (Miralles, Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2011)
 Paracontias holomelas (Günther, 1877)
 Paracontias hildebrandti (Peters, 1880)
 Paracontias brocchii (Mocquard, 1894)
 Paracontias rothschildi (Mocquard, 1905)
 Paracontias minimus (Mocquard, 1906)
 Paracontias milloti (Angel, 1949)
 Paracontias hafa (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Paracontias manify (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Paracontias tsararano (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Paracontias kankana (Köhler, Vieites, Glaw, Kaffenberger & Vences, 2009)
 Paracontias fasika (Köhler, Vences, Erbacher &Glaw, 2010)
 Paracontias vermisaurus (Miralles, Köhler, Vieites, Glaw & Vences, 2011)
 Pseudoacontias madagascariensis (Bocage, 1889)
 Pseudoacontias angelorum (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Pseudoacontias menamainty (Andreone & Greer, 2002)
 Pseudoacontias unicolor (Sakata & Hikida, 2003)
 Pygomeles braconnieri (Grandidier, 1867)
 Pygomeles petteri (Pasteur & Blanc, 1962)
 Sirenoscincus yamagishii (Sakata & Hikida, 2003)
 Sirenoscincus mobydick (Miralles, Anjeriniaina, Hipsley, Müller, Glaw & Vences, 2012)
 Trachylepis gravenhorstii (Duméril & Bibron, 1839)
 Trachylepis comorensis (Peters, 1854)
 Trachylepis elegans (Peters, 1854)
 Trachylepis aureopunctata (Grandidier, 1867)
 Trachylepis boettgeri (Boulenger, 1887)
 Trachylepis betsileana (Mocquard, 1906)
 Trachylepis madagascariensis (Mocquard, 1908)
 Trachylepis vato (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994)
 Trachylepis dumasi (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)
 Trachylepis lavarambo (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1998)
 Trachylepis nancycoutuae (Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1998)
 Trachylepis tandrefana (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)
 Trachylepis tavaratra (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)
 Trachylepis vezo (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)
 Trachylepis volamenaloha (Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)
 Voeltzkowia fierinensis (Grandidier, 1869)
 Voeltzkowia rubrocaudata (Grandidier, 1869)
 Voeltzkowia mira (Boettger, 1893)
 Voeltzkowia lineata (Mocquard, 1901)
 Voeltzkowia petiti (Angel, 1924)

Crocodilia

Crocodylidae
 Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768)

Turtles

Cheloniidae
 Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)
 Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766)
 Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829)

Dermochelyidae
 Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761)

Pelomedusidae
 Pelomedusa subrufa (Bonnaterre, 1789)
 Pelusios subniger (Lacépède, 1789)
 Pelusios castanoides (Hewitt, 1931)

Podocnemididae
 Erymnochelys madagascariensis (Grandidier, 1867)

Tortoises (Testudinidae)
 Aldabrachelys abrupta (Grandidier, 1868)
 Aldabrachelys grandidieri (Vaillant, 1885)
 Astrochelys radiata (Shaw, 1802)
 Astrochelys yniphora (Vaillant, 1885)
 Kinixys zombensis (Hewitt, 1931)
 Pyxis arachnoides (Bell, 1827)
 Pyxis planicauda (Grandidier, 1867)

References

Madagascar
Reptiles
Reptiles of Madagascar
Madagascar


title: Edmund Sture

text:
Edmund Sture (1509/10 – 22 February 1560), of Bradley in North Huish, Devon and the Middle Temple, London, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Plympton Erle in 1545, for Totnes in 1547, for Dartmouth in April 1554 and Exeter in 1555.

References

1510 births
1560 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England for Plympton Erle
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
Members of the Parliament of England for Dartmouth
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Exeter
Members of the Middle Temple
Politicians from London
English MPs 1545–1547
English MPs 1547–1552
English MPs 1554
English MPs 1555


title: Ankur Nayyar

text:
Ankur Nayyar is an Indian television and film actor. He has worked in many shows like Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Kashmeer and Jeet. He is also known for playing the lead role of Samman Chaudhary in Sahara One's show Ghar Ek Sapnaa.

He was little seen in 2013–2014, but he returned in 2015 in Sony TV's show Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap as Acharya Raghvendra. He was also seen as Coach Rajveer Rana in Meri Durga  and Tej Singh in Prem Ya Paheli - Chandrakanta. In July 2018, he went to play a cameo role of Mridul Rathod in Nazar (TV series). In 2018, he played the role of Randhir Ahluwalia in the Colors TV's popular show Tu Aashiqui. As of March 2019, he appeared in the Colors TV's historical drama Jhansi Ki Rani as Gangadas.

Career
His acting career took off, with the TV series Kashmeer, where he played the character of Aamir Bhatt, a parallel lead.

In 2014, Ankur joined the cast of Ek Boond Ishq as the parallel lead. He was also seen in Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki, Yahaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli and Maharana Pratap.

In 2017 he working on two shows - Meri Durga, where he essays the role of Coach Rana, and Prem Ya Paheli - Chandrakanta, where he plays Tej Singh. He recently finished his role as Humayun in Akbar. In 2018, he played the role of Randhir Ahluwalia in the Colors TV's popular show Tu Aashiqui. As of March 2019, he appeared in the Colors TV's historical drama Jhansi Ki Rani as Gangadas.

Personal life
Nayyar is married and has a daughter.

He was born in Pathankot, Punjab, India.

Filmography

Television

References

External links

Living people
Indian male soap opera actors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Male actors in Hindi television
21st-century Indian male actors
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Jackie Cumming

text:
Jacqueline Margaret (Jackie) Cumming is a New Zealand professor in the School of Government at Victoria University of Wellington

Academic career
After a BA and MA from the University of Auckland and a Diploma in Health Economics from the University of Tromsø, Cumming completed a PhD at Victoria University of Wellington in 2003 titled Health Services Coverage Regulation: an Evaluation of Policy Options for New Zealand. She later joined the Victoria faculty, rising to professor.

Cumming led the Health Reforms 2001 Research Project at Victoria which assessed the impacts of the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 and other health initiatives under the Helen Clark government.

2013 research led by Cumming into regional differences in charges for doctors' visits and prescriptions was widely reported in the New Zealand media.

Cumming has supervised 21 PhD students, accumulated 100 publications and secured over $30 million in research funding.

Selected works
 Primary health organisations, 2003.
 Nursing developments in primary health care, 2001–2007, 2009.

References

External links
 google scholar
 institutional homepage

Living people
University of Auckland alumni
University of Tromsø alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Academic staff of Victoria University of Wellington
New Zealand women academics
New Zealand writers
New Zealand women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)


title: Euclinia

text:
Euclinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Species
Euclinia longiflora Salisb. - tropical India
Euclinia squamifera (R.D.Good) Keay - Cameroon, Gabon, Cabinda Province
Euclinia suavissima (Homolle ex Cavaco) J.-F.Leroy - Madagascar

References

External links
 Euclinia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

Rubiaceae genera
Gardenieae


title: Millo (Cusco)

text:
Millo (possibly from Aymara for a kind of salpeter / light brown, reddish, fair-haired, dark chestnut, Quechua for salty,) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about  high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Checacupe District, and in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, Corani District. Millo lies northwest of the large glaciated area of Quelccaya (Quechua for "snow plain") and west of Unollocsina.

References

Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region
Mountains of Puno Region
Glaciers of Peru


title: Millu

text:
Millu (Aymara for a kind of salpeter, Quechua for salty, Hispanicized spelling Millo) may refer to:

 Millu (Apurímac), a mountain in the Apurímac Region, Peru
 Millu (Ayacucho), a mountain in the Ayacucho Region, Peru
 Millu (Cusco), a mountain in the Cusco Region, Peru
 Millu (Moquegua), a mountain in the Moquegua Region, Peru
 Millu (Moquegua-Puno), a mountain on the border of the Moquegua Region and the Puno Region, Peru

See also
 Millu Urqu, a mountain in Bolivia


title: Propeamussium

text:
Propeamussium is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Ostreoida.

Fossil species of these epifaunal carnivores lived from the Triassic period to the Pliocene age (235.0 to 3.6 Ma). The majority of fossils of this genus are found throughout Europe and North America.

Selected species
 Propeamussium alcocki (E. A. Smith, 1894)
 Propeamussium andamanense (Bavay, 1905)
 Propeamussium andamanicum (E. A. Smith, 1894)
 Propeamussium arabicum Dijkstra & R. Janssen, 2013
 Propeamussium boucheti Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2008
 Propeamussium caducum (E. A. Smith, 1885)
 † Propeamussium cowperi Waring, 1917
 Propeamussium dalli (E. A. Smith, 1885)
 Propeamussium investigatoris (E. A. Smith, 1906)
 Propeamussium jeffreysii (E. A. Smith, 1885)
 Propeamussium lucidum (Jeffreys in Wyville-Thomson, 1873))-
 Propeamussium malpelonium (Dall, 1908)
 Propeamussium meridionale (E. A. Smith, 1885)
 Propeamussium octodecimliratum Melvill & Standen, 1907
 † Propeamussium papakurense (E. Clarke, 1905)
 Propeamussium regillum Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2017
 Propeamussium richeri Dijkstra, 2001
 Propeamussium rosadoi Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2015
 Propeamussium rubrotinctum (Oyama, 1951)
 Propeamussium sibogai (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904)
 Propeamussium siratama (Oyama in Kuroda, 1951)
 Propeamussium steindachneri (Sturany, 1899)
 Propeamussium watsoni (E. A. Smith, 1885)
 † Propeamussium yubarense (Yabe & Nagao, 1928)
 † Propeamussium zitteli (Hutton, 1873)
 Propeamussium zoniferum (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912)

Synonyms
 Propeamussium holmesii (Dall, 1886): synonym of Parvamussium holmesii (Dall, 1886)
 Propeamussium pourtalesianum (Dall, 1886): synonym of Parvamussium pourtalesianum (Dall, 1886)
 Propeamussium sayanum (Dall, 1886): synonym of Parvamussium sayanum (Dall, 1886)
 Propeamussium squamigerum (E. A. Smith, 1885): synonym of Parvamussium squamigerum (E. A. Smith, 1885)

References

 Frederick A. Sundberg - Propeamussium Species (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Southern California - Journal of Paleontology, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 53–63
 Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp.

External links
  Oyama K. (1944). [Classification of the genus Propeamussium [in Japanese]. Venus. 13(5-8): 240-254]
 de Gregorio, A. (1884). Nota intorno ad alcune nuove conchiglie mioceniche di Sicilia. Il Naturalista Siciliano. 3 (4): 119-120
 Dijkstra, H. H. (1995). Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas. in: Bouchet, P. (Ed.) Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 14. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Série A, Zoologie. 167: 9-73
 Dijkstra, H. H. (2013). Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands. Vita Malacologica. 10: 1-108

Propeamussiidae
Bivalve genera


title: John Wotton

text:
John Wotton (by 1523 – 1555 or later), of Totnes and Great Englebourne, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in March 1553 and October 1553.

References

Year of death missing
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
Year of birth uncertain


title: Ted Turner (footballer)

text:
Edward John Turner (20 December 1921 – 23 September 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played with  in the Victorian Football League and for Brighton in the Victorian Football Association in the 1940s and 1950s.

Family

The son of William Hector "Wally" Turner (1891-1949), a veteran of English and Irish descent,  and Emily Maria Turner (1889-1966), née Graham, née Phelan, also of English and Irish descent, with ancestors living in Tasmania as early as the 1820s, Edward John Charles Turner was born at Elsternwick, Victoria, on 20 December 1921. He was the youngest of their 5 children.

Marriage
After returning from the European front in 1944, he married Nellie Ann Casey (1923-2014), in 1944 at St Aloysius Catholic Church. Nellie, like Edward, was of a mix of Irish and English heritage. Her father was well-known horse trainer Sylvester Patrick Casey (1866-1950); and, through her mother's maternal grandmother, Eleanor Kate Thickins, née Beardmore, is related to British Industrialist William Beardmore, the major figure in engineering and shipbuilding who was later given the title of Lord Invernairn.

The couple had six children together, William (1945-), John (1948-), Maureen (1951-), Helen (1958-), Patricia (1960-) and Edward (1965-).

Football
A centre half back, Turner made his League debut for  during 1944. He played at North Melbourne until 1946, and played a total of sixteen senior games.

In 1947, he crossed to the Victorian Football Association and played for the Brighton Football Club until 1951. He was a member of Brighton's 1948 premiership team.

In 1952, Turner moved to the Frankston Football Club in the Mornington Peninsula Football League, where he served as captain-coach in 1952 and 1953.

He returned to Brighton as captain-coach in the VFA in 1954, and won the J. J. Liston Trophy as VFA best and fairest, winning by a margin of eight votes. He played with Brighton until 1955.

Later life
After his football career, he worked as a plumber and a gas fitter.

Death
He died suddenly at Frankston, Victoria on 23 September 1981, of heart related issues likely caused by his experiences during the war. He was outlived by his wife, 6 children and his grandchildren.

Notes

References

 World War Two Nominal Roll: Sergeant Edward John Turner (VX43546), Department of Veterans' Affairs.

External links

 E.J. "Ted" Turner, at The VFA Project.

1981 deaths
1921 births
North Melbourne Football Club players
Brighton Football Club players
Brighton Football Club coaches
J. J. Liston Trophy winners
Frankston Bombers players
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
People from Elsternwick, Victoria
Australian military personnel of World War II
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Military personnel from Melbourne


title: Christopher Savery

text:
Christopher Savery (by 1502 – 18 April 1560), of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in March 1553, October 1553 and November 1554. He was Mayor of Totnes in 1535–1537, 1548–49 and 1556–57.

References

1560 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554–1555
Mayors of Totnes
Year of birth uncertain


title: List of mayors of Totnes

text:
Totnes, Devon, England received its first borough charter from King John and the recorded list of mayors dates from 1359. The town was incorporated in 1505 with a governing structure consisting of a mayor, recorder and a single council of burgesses. A further charter in 1596 concentrated power in the hands of the town's leading merchants, redefining the corporation as a governing body of 14 ‘masters’, including the mayor, with an inferior council of 20 burgesses. The masters filled vacancies in their ranks by co-option and nominated the mayoral candidates.

The following have been mayors of Totnes:

1396–98: Walter Browning  (MP for Totnes), 1388
1399–1400: Walter Browning
1401–03: Walter Browning
1517-1518: John Giles
1535-37: Christopher Savery
1548-49: Christopher Savery
1556-57: Christopher Savery
1585–86: Nicholas Ball
1589–90: Nicholas Hayman
1593–94: Leonard Darr
1598–99: Philip Holditch (MP for Totnes, 1601)
1605–06: Christopher Wise
1612-13: Richard Rodd
1620: Richard Lee (d.1620)
1621–22: Christopher Wise
1623–24: Philip Holditch II (son of Philip Holditch above, MP for Totnes, 1626)
1638–39: Philip Holditch II
1687 Robert Symons
1718–19: Nicholas Trist (High Sheriff of Devon, 1708)
1737–38: Nicholas Trist (High Sheriff of Devon, 1708)
1754-55: Benjamin Babbage (grandfather of Charles Babbage)
1780–81: William Adams  (MP for Plympton Erle 1796–1801 and Totnes 1801–11)
1788–89: William Adams
1797–98: William Adams
1866–67: Thomas Edward Owen
1870–1871: Robert W.Chaster
1872: Robert Bourne
1873: James Smith Rose
1874–1875: Jeffery Michelmore
1876–1877: Joseph Roe
1878: John P.F.P.Haines
1879: Jeffery Michelmore
1880–1881: Edward Harris
1882–84: Frederick Bowden
1902-03: Dr. J. G. Gibson
 1945–1946: Lilley Ramsden (1st Female Mayor of Totnes)
1950–51: Charles Stanley Jacka
1970–71: Jean M Gilbert

21st century
2001–02: Pruw Boswell-Harper
2003–04: J.A. Westacott
2004–05: Jim Parkes
2005–07: Pruw Boswell-Harper
2008–09: David Horsburgh
2009–10: Jean Rosemary Harrop
2010–11: Anthony Whitty
2011–12: Judy Westacott
2012–14 Pruw Boswell-Harper
2014–16: Jacqui Hodgson
2016–17 Eleanor Cohen
2017–18 Rosie Adam
2018–19 Judy Westacott

References

Totnes
Totnes mayors


title: SecureSafe

text:
SecureSafe is a cloud based software-as-a-service with a password safe, a document storage and digital spaces for online collaboration. The service is developed based on the principles of security by design and privacy by design.

Data centers

SecureSafe stores customers’ data in three data centers using triple redundancy mirroring. The first data center is dedicated to production, the second is a hot standby and the third acts as the so-called disaster recovery center. The first two data centers are located in the greater area of Zürich at the company Interxion. The third center is located in a former military bunker in the mountains of central Switzerland.

Features

Password manager

A password manager is used to store passwords. The passwords that are stored in SecureSafe are protected by AES-256 and RSA-2048 encryption.

File storage

A file storage or cloud storage is used to store files online.

2-factor authentication

The login method 2-factor authentication is also known from e-banking systems. It works by sending a one-time code to a user’s mobile every time he or she logs into a given online account. Even if a hacker should get to the user’s login data, the information is useless without the additional security code.

Data rooms

Data rooms are digital spaces where groups of people can share data online.

Data inheritance

Data inheritance or digital inheritance enables customers to pass on important digital assets to others. Among the digital assets people pass on is login criteria to online accounts, insurance and legal documents and photo collections.

References

External links

File hosting
Data synchronization
Cloud storage
File hosting for macOS
File hosting for Windows
Companies' terms of service


title: Martin Bladen

text:
Colonel Martin Bladen (1680–1746) was a British politician who sat in the Irish House of Commons from 1713 to 1727 and in the British House of Commons from 1715 to 1746. He was a Commissioner of the Board of Trade and Plantations, a Privy Councillor in Ireland and Comptroller of the Mint.

Family
Martin was born in 1680 in Yorkshire and was the son of Nathaniel Bladen and Isabella Fairfax. His father was an attorney and Steward to Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (Lord Danby), his mother was the daughter of Sir William Fairfax of Steeton and was related to Lord Fairfax.  Martin's older brother William Bladen was Attorney-General in Maryland and briefly Secretary of that Province and his nephew Thomas Bladen was Governor of Maryland in the 1740s. Martin's sister Elizabeth was the mother of Admiral Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke. Martin acted as guardian to Admiral Hawke and supported his career advancement in the navy.

Military career
After initial education in Yorkshire, Martin attended Westminster School where he was a Queen's Scholar at St Peter's College and then attended St John's College in Cambridge. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1698 but did not pursue a legal career. He joined the military in December 1697 as Ensign to Captain Jos. Fletcher in Brigadier-General Thomas Fairfax's Regiment of Foot, Fairfax being his uncle. After an initial posting to Ireland, his regiment was deployed in Spain, Gibraltar and Portugal in Marlborough's service. When the Earl of Galway, Henri de Massue de Ruvigny arrived as the new Generalissimo of the British Army, he took Bladen as his aide-de-camp. Bladen was appointed Colonel in 1709 though within the year he had sold his colonelcy and retired from the military.

Political career
He commenced his career in politics by winning seats in 1713. He was elected as a Member of Parliament for Kinsale in County Cork, Ireland that year, though was defeated as MP for Saltash in Cornwall. In 1715 he won another Irish seat for Bandon but again lost a renewed attempt at Saltash, though succeeded in getting a seat in Stockbridge in Hampshire. He was MP for Maldon in Essex in 1734 and Portsmouth in 1741.

In 1714 he secured a position as Comptroller of the Royal Mint and, throughout his time at the Mint, Isaac Newton was the head of that organisation. Martin only left the Mint after the death of Newton many years later. This post was not full-time and allowed Martin to pursue other appointments, and in 1715 (after declining Sir Robert Walpole's offer to be Envoy to Switzerland) he accepted a position in Ireland as Chief Secretary to his old military commander the Earl of Galway and Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Grafton who held joint Governorship. Bladen shared his role there with Charles Delafaye. In 1715 he was made a Privy Councillor in Ireland.

In 1717 he was offered an appointment as Envoy Extraordinary to Spain to replace Mr Brett but declined it. Instead he was offered, and accepted, a post at the Board of Trade and Plantations and attended his first meeting on 19 July 1717 as Commissioner. Bladen was a Whig politician who consistently supported Robert Walpole throughout his tenure in office.
In 1719 Bladen, along with Daniel Pulteney, was appointed by the Lord Justices to attend the Court of France to negotiate miscellaneous items outstanding from the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, such as limits of plantations in America and losses of the Hudson's Bay Company.  Whilst there he met with the 9-year-old Louis XV, his regent Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Victor Marie d'Estrées, Duke of Estrées and Cardinal-Statesman Guillaume Dubois, when news came in that the French had captured the island of St Lucia.  Bladen immediately raised the issue with his hosts who seemed initially unaware of the news.

In 1721 Bladen produced a lengthy report on the status of the colonies in America which was along the lines of William Blathwayt's report of 1701 which sought revocation of proprietary charters, though he offered up the suggestion of the colonies being unified under a single military figurehead, a Captain-General, and suggested New York as a suitable geographical base – an idea first suggested by William Penn in his 1697 'Plan of Union'. Bladen was convinced that Britain’s power and ability to trade favourably with other countries was greatly enhanced by the income from her colonies and, for economic reasons, it was vital for the colonies to serve the mother country and the appearance of a unified Britain with her colonies would deter other European colonial powers from attempting encroachment. A final report on British Colonies in America was produced in 1739 "Reasons for Appointing a Captain General for the Continent of North America" which was more conciliatory in tone than previous ones where preservation of trade with the American colonies was considered more important than their 'subjection'.

Bladen’s influence at the Board of Trade continued to grow through the 1730s and he attended a Conference at Antwerp to negotiate on tariffs. He also, in 1730, was present at the Board of Trade meeting when seven Indian Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation attended to ratify the 1730 British Cherokee Friendship Treaty. He was also instrumental in getting his nephew Thomas Bladen, later Governor of Maryland, into Parliament and the two consistently voted the same way on issues.

Marriage and children
Martin married Mary Gibbs c1699.  She was the daughter of Colonel John Gibbs, one time Governor of North Carolina and her mother was Elizabeth Pride, who was a descendant and heiress of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle.  Martin and Mary Bladen had one daughter, Isabella, who married John Tinker.  Tinker and Isabella had two sons.  Martin was brother-in-law to Nathaniel Rice, who was Secretary of the Royal Council of North Carolina and Acting Governor on two occasions.  After Mary's death in 1724 Martin married in 1727/8 to Frances Foche/Jory, heiress of Colonel Joseph Jory, Agent for Nevis, and owner of a plantation and several properties.  Frances inherited Aldborough Hatch in Barking in Essex, upon which Bladen built a new house where the couple lived.  Frances had several children from her previous marriage to John Foche but all died within her lifetime.  In later life, Martin was a Justice of the Peace and was largely responsible for driving highwayman Dick Turpin of the Gregory Gang out of Barking in Essex.  Martin's town residence was a Georgian building at the south end of Hanover Square.  He also owned the Barmoor Estate in Northumberland and leased the Prebendary Manor of Ketton in Rutland.  His will made reference to a Porter family, who mostly predeceased him and may have been blood related, but their line died out by the 1750s.  Martin died in February 1746.

Poetry, writings, and translations
Bladen translated from Latin in 1704 ‘C. Julius Caesar’s Commentaries of his Wars in Gaul, and Civil War with Pompey. To which is added Aulus Hirtius or Oppius’s Supplement of the Alexandrian, African and Spanish Wars With the Author’s Life.’  He dedicated this work to the Duke of Marlborough.  He also wrote 'The History of the Last War in Spain: From 1702 to 1710. Wherein the Conduct of the British Ministry, the Allies, and the Generals in that Service are Fully Defended'.  He also produced other works of poetry.

References

Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Whig (British political party) MPs for English constituencies
1680 births
1746 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
Chief Secretaries for Ireland
Members of Parliament for Maldon
Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies
Irish MPs 1713–1714
Irish MPs 1715–1727


title: Gnarwarre, Victoria

text:
Gnarwarre is a rural locality in the Surf Coast Shire, Victoria, Australia. In the 1800s, the locality was alternately known as Shankhill. In the 2016 census, Gnarwarre had a population of 267 people.

History

The area was first settled by squatters in the late 1830s. The Gnarwarre Parish was first advertised for sale in 1839, with the parish, consisting of 22 lots of 640 acres or bigger, put up for sale on 10 June 1840. The sale was dramatically less successful than the February sale of blocks in the Barrabool Parish, with only four blocks being sold; virtually all of the remainder would be eventually sold in the 1850s. The Gnarwarre Parish did not see the same significant subdivision that occurred in the nearby Modewarre and Duneed parishes, which Wynd attributes to the land being seen as more suitable for grazing.

The population in the Gnarwarre area, as opposed to areas further east, was largely Catholic. A Catholic school was established at Gnarwarre in 1853, and was used as a church on Sundays. A more permanent school building was slowly constructed over several years, and finally opened on 2 February 1862; Wynd suggests that poverty on the part of the local population had meant that further work was only done when funds became available. An Anglican school also opened at Gnarwarre in November 1856, and a Primitive Methodist church opened around 1865. The Catholic school became a common school, then in 1872 the first Gnarwarre State School, but was closed down at the end of 1874 as it was to be replaced by a new school on a new two-acre site.

The Shankhill Hotel was opened by James Murphy in 1856, but was burned down in 1864 and not rebuilt. The Gnarwarre Hotel was opened by Patrick Corbett in 1864 on a site "a little distance west" of the former hotel. A post office opened on 1 October 1857. In addition to the hotel, in 1861, Gnarwarre had a butcher, a blacksmith, and store. The former Catholic church and school ceased being used for services from around 1900, was used as a dance hall during World War I, and was demolished in 1959. The Gnarwarre Hotel closed in 1922 and was demolished in 1968. Gnarwarre Post Office closed on 30 June 1963.

Gnarwarre State School would outlive the remainder of the village, but closed and opened numerous times with changing student numbers. The school, having opened on a new site from the old Catholic school at the start of 1875, closed in 1879–80, reopened in 1881, closed again from 1950 to 1956, and was re-opened again in 1957. It was replaced by a new school in the 1960s, but closed permanently in 1991 because of falling student numbers. Wynd, writing in 1992, states that some of Gnarwarre's buildings survived until the 1960s, but that a motorist would see "absolutely nothing to recall the existence of Shankhill/Gnarwarre."

There were also three unsuccessful attempts at founding other settlements within the modern Gnarwarre locality: Lanark, Barwon, and Pollocksford. Lanark was advertised as being at the junction of what is now Mount Pollock Road at Gnarwarre; a street pattern was laid out, and a land auction took place on 23 January 1854. Wynd notes that there is "no record of who bought land, and no evidence that any settlement ever developed there". Barwon was auctioned on 9 March 1854, advertised as being "on the Ballarat Road". It was described in the Geelong Advertiser in 1874 as being "a sort of no man's land where anybody and everybody runs their stock" and had disappeared by the 1880s. Pollocksford, straddling the Barwon River in modern Gnarwarre and Murgheboluc, was marked for a settlement, and an Anglican school was proposed there in the 1860s, but was never built.

Gnarwarre today

The Gnarwarre Public Hall and a Country Fire Authority station are located at Gnarwarre.

Gnarwarre is a base for two major horseracing studs. Tony Santic, the owner of Melbourne Cup-winning horse Makybe Diva, bases his breeding and training outfit, Makybe Racing and Breeding, at Gnarwarre. A second operator, Rosemont Stud, also operates in Gnarwarre, and bought 44% of the Makybe farm in 2012. The locality is also home to a major wool-growing property, Roxby Park.

Graeme Lloyd, the first Australian to play in a winning World Series baseball team, was raised in Gnarwarre.

References

Towns in Victoria (state)
Surf Coast Shire


title: John Eveleigh (MP)

text:
John Eveleigh (c. 1511–1586), of Holcombe in Ottery St. Mary, Devon, was an English politician, a feodary and attorney.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in April 1554 and for Tavistock in November 1554.

References

1511 births
1586 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1554
English MPs 1554–1555


title: John Eveleigh

text:
John Eveleigh may refer to:
John Eveleigh (architect), English surveyor and architect
John Eveleigh (Oriel), English churchman and academic, Provost of Oriel College, Oxford
John Eveleigh (MP), English politician
John Eveleigh (priest), Dean of Ross, Ireland, 1639–1664


title: Brenko Lee

text:
Brenko Lee (born 10 October 1995) is a Tonga international rugby league footballer who plays as a  and er in the National Rugby League (NRL).

Lee has played for the Dolphins, Brisbane Broncos, Canberra Raiders, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Melbourne Storm and the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL. He has played for Queensland in the State of Origin series, and is notable for being undefeated in the series. He is also a NRL premiership winning player of 2020.

Early life
Lee was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He is of Tongan and Indigenous descent. Lee is the cousin of Redcliffe Dolphins rugby league player Edrick Lee, NBA basketball player Patty Mills and NBL basketball player Nathan Jawai. Edrick's uncle is former Olympian basketballer Danny Morseu, the second Indigenous Australian to represent Australia at the Olympics in basketball.  Edrick's great uncle is Indigenous land rights activist Eddie Mabo.

Lee attended school at Marsden State High School, Logan City and played his junior rugby league for the Logan Brothers, before being signed by the Canberra Raiders.

Playing career

Early career
From 2013 to 2015, Lee played for the Canberra Raiders' NYC team. On 20 April 2013, he played for the Queensland under-20s team against the New South Wales under-20s team. On 5 December 2013, he re-signed with the Canberra Raiders on a three-year contract.

2014
On 3 May, Lee again played for the Queensland Under-20s team against the New South Wales under-20s team. In Round 15 of the 2014 NRL season, he made his NRL debut for the Raiders against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs on the wing in the Raiders' 22–14 loss at Canberra Stadium. In the next round, against the Wests Tigers, he scored his first and second tries in the NRL, in Canberra's 19–18 loss at Leichhardt Oval. After Round 21, after the Raiders' 54–18 loss to New Zealand Warriors at Canberra Stadium, his year was over as he struggled with a hamstring injury. He finished his debut year in the NRL having played in 4 matches and scoring 3 tries.

2015
On 2 May, Lee played for the Junior Kangaroos against Junior Kiwis. On 11 September, he was named in the 58-man Tonga squad to play the Cook Islands on 17 October.

2017
In October 2016, Lee signed a two-year contract with the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs starting in 2017.

On 3 March 2017, Lee made his debut for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs against the Melbourne Storm at Belmore Sports Ground.

Lee made his international debut for Mate Ma'a Tonga in the 2017 Pacific Rugby League Tests against Fiji Bati.

In December 2017, Lee signed a one-year contract with the Gold Coast for the 2018 NRL season.

2018
Lee made 14 appearances for the Gold Coast in 2018 and scored 3 tries as the club struggled on the field finishing 14th at the end of the season.

2019
Lee was limited to 6 appearances for the Gold Coast in the 2019 NRL season as the club endured a horror season winning 4 games all year and finished last on the table claiming the wooden spoon.

On 5 December 2019, after failing to be re-signed by the Gold Coast, it was revealed that Lee had signed on with Queensland Cup outfit, the Easts Tigers, for the 2020 season.

2020
Lee signed with the Melbourne Storm and he featured in the 2020 NRL Nines hosted at Perth, Australia.

In round 4 of the 2020 season, Lee made his Melbourne Storm debut against the Rabbitohs at AAMI Park. Lee played centre in the Storm's 2020 NRL Grand Final over the Penrith Panthers in a 26–20 win.

He was selected for the Queensland Maroons squad for the 2020 State of Origin series.

2021
On 28 May 2021, Lee signed a two-year contract to join the Brisbane Broncos to start in 2022. Restricted by injuries, Lee only made four appearances for Brisbane Tigers in the 2021 Queensland Cup, not making it back to the Broncos squad.

2022
In June, Lee signed a two-year deal to join the newly admitted Dolphins (NRL) team ahead of the 2023 NRL season.

2023
In round 1 of the 2023 NRL season, Lee made his club debut for the Dolphins in their inaugural game in the national competition, defeating the Sydney Roosters 28–18 at Suncorp Stadium. At the end of the season, Lee's departure from the club was announced.

References

External links

Dolphins profile
Canterbury Bulldogs profile

1995 births
Australian rugby league players
Australian sportspeople of Tongan descent
Canberra Raiders players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
Eastern Suburbs Tigers players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Junior Kangaroos players
Gold Coast Titans players
Melbourne Storm players
Brisbane Broncos players
Dolphins (NRL) players
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin players
Souths Logan Magpies players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league wingers
Rugby league players from Brisbane
Living people


title: Crawford River (Victoria)

text:
The Crawford River or Smoky River, a perennial river of the Glenelg Hopkins catchment, is located in the Western District of Victoria, Australia.

Course and features
The Crawford River rises north of , and flows generally west by south through the Crawford River Regional Park, before reaching its confluence with the Glenelg River at ; descending  over its  course.

See also

References

External links

Glenelg Hopkins catchment
Rivers of Barwon South West (region)
Western District (Victoria)


title: Henry Gildon

text:
Henry Gildon (by 1533 – 1592 or later), of Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in April 1554.

References

Year of death missing
English MPs 1554
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
Year of birth uncertain


title: Gildon

text:
Gildon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Gildon ( 1665–1724), English author
Chris Gildon (born 1971 or 1972), American real estate broker and politician
Henry Gildon (before 1533 to after 1592), English politician
Jason Gildon (born 1972), American football player


title: Journal hijacking

text:
Journal hijacking refers to the brandjacking of a legitimate academic journal by a malicious third party. Typically the imposter journal sets up a fraudulent website for the purpose of offering scholars the opportunity to rapidly publish their research online for a fee. The term hijacked journal may refer to either  the fraud or the legitimate journal. The fraudulent journals are also known as "clone journals". Similar hijacking can occur with academic conferences.

Background
In 2012,  cyber criminals began hijacking print-only journals by registering a domain name and creating a fake website under the title of the legitimate journals.

The first journal to be hijacked was the Swiss journal Archives des Sciences. In 2012 and 2013, more than 20 academic journals were hijacked. In some cases, scammers find their victims in conference proceedings, extracting authors' emails from papers and sending them fake calls for papers.

There have also been instances of journal hijacking wherein hijackers  take over the journal's existing domain name after the journal publisher neglects to pay the domain name registration fees on time.

See also
:Category:Hijacked journals
Confidence trick
Passing off
Predatory open access publishing

References

Bibliography

External links
American librarian Jeffrey Beall's hijacked journal and authentic journal list
Hijacked Journal Checker

Internet fraud
Academic publishing

Ethically disputed research practices
Ethically disputed business practices
Deception


title: Dorotheus I of Athens

text:
Dorotheus I () was the Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Athens from  to 1392, and the first to reside in the city since 1205.

He was the first Orthodox bishop of Athens to be allowed to reside in the city since its conquest by the Crusaders in 1205 and the exile of its then bishop, Michael Choniates. Holders of the see continued to be appointed in the meanwhile, but were always in exile, while Athens, like most of the principalities of Frankish Greece, remained the sole province of Roman Catholic clergy. The situation changed in 1388, when the Duchy of Athens passed into the hands of the Florentine Acciaioli family. With little military might of their own, and surrounded by potential rivals and enemies, the Acciaioli cultivated a policy of conciliation towards the overwhelmingly Orthodox local Greek population. To that end, they adopted Greek as the official language of their chancery, and allowed an Orthodox metropolitan to resume residence in their capital. However, even then the cathedral Church of the Virgin in the Parthenon remained the residence of the Latin Archbishop of Athens, and Dorotheus had to do with a church in the lower city. Dorotheus was also , i.e. administrator, of the vacant sees of Thebes and Neopatras, which were also located within the duchy.

Dorotheus was expelled from his see in 1392 by Duke Nerio I Acciaioli, who accused him of treacherous dealings with the Ottoman Turks, because, in the spirit of his ardent hostility to the Latin Church, he had welcomed the raids of the Ottoman commander Evrenos Beg against the Frankish states of southern Greece in 1391–92. A synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople absolved Dorotheus of any blame, with the justification that the arguments of Nerio were inadmissible since he was a Catholic. Nevertheless, Nerio refused to allow his return.

References

Sources

14th-century Greek people
Bishops of Athens
People from the Duchy of Athens
14th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Medieval Athens


title: Richard Savery

text:
Richard Savery (by 1503 – 4 February 1572), of Totnes and Staverton, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in November 1554.

References

1572 deaths
English MPs 1554–1555
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
1503 births


title: Denmark Arms

text:
The Denmark Arms is a Grade II listed public house at 381 Barking Road, East Ham, London.

It was built in about 1890, and extended about 1900. It was formerly named the Denmark Inn.

In the 1890s, local football club Old Castle Swifts would use the Denmark Inn to change for matches at Temple Meadows in Wakefield Street. Much later, West Ham United fans would use the pub for pre-match drinks before attending games at the nearby Boleyn Ground.

The Denmark Arms closed on 30 July 2018.

In September 2018, the building was purchased by the Antic Collective company, and the Denmark Arms reopened on 15 November 2018, with plans announced to hold a pantomime and future theatre events in the pub's function room.

References

Grade II listed pubs in London
19th-century architecture in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures completed in 1890
East Ham
Former pubs in London
Pubs in the London Borough of Newham
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Newham


title: Leonard Yeo

text:
Leonard Yeo (by 1512 – 30 May 1586), of London and Totnes, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1555, 1558 and 1559.

References

1586 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
1512 births
English MPs 1555
English MPs 1558
English MPs 1559


title: Crawford River

text:
Crawford River may refer to:

In Australia
 Crawford River (New South Wales), a river in New South Wales
 Crawford River (Victoria), a river in Victoria


title: Art and architecture integration policy

text:
Art and Architecture Integration Policy () is a policy of the Quebec Ministry of Culture and Communications of reserving part of the budget for construction or expansion of a government building or public place to the commission or purchase of artwork for these places.

The budget allocated to the commission of artworks is calculated for each construction project, depending on the cost. It usually equals approximately 1% of the construction cost (which is why the policy is sometimes called the 1% policy).

The Ministry of Culture and Communications implements and coordinates the policy.

Objectives
The objectives of the policy are:
 Commission or purchase of artworks for permanent integrate into buildings or public places.
 Increase the dissemination the work of artists from Quebec and encourage collaboration with architects and users, enriching life by the presence of art.
 Raise awareness of the contemporary art and its various trends and forms of expression.

See also
Art and architecture of the Pallavas
Arts & Architecture

External links
 Politique - Arts visuels, architecture et métiers d'art - Ministère de la Culture et des Communications
Art and Architecture

 Arts and Architecture Art and architecture integration policy

Culture


title: Nienburg II – Schaumburg

text:
Nienburg II – Schaumburg is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 40. It is located in central Lower Saxony, comprising the district of Schaumburg and most of the district of Nienburg.

Nienburg II – Schaumburg was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2017, it has been represented by Marja-Liisa Völlers of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

Geography
Nienburg II – Schaumburg is located in central Lower Saxony. As of the 2021 federal election, it comprises the district of Schaumburg and the district of Nienburg with the exception of the Samtgemeinden of Uchte and Grafschaft Hoya.

History
Nienburg II – Schaumburg was created in 1949, then known as Nienburg – Schaumburg-Lippe. In the 1965 through 1976 elections, it was simply named Schaumburg. In the 1980 through 1998 elections, it was named Nienburg – Schaumburg. It acquired its current name in the 2002 election. In the inaugural Bundestag election, it was Lower Saxony constituency 22 in the numbering system. From 1953 through 1961, it was number 44. From 1965 through 1976, it was number 35. From 1980 through 1998, it was number 34. In the 2002 and 2005 elections, it was number 40. In the 2009 election, it was number 41. Since the 2013 election, it has been number 40.

Originally, the constituency comprised the districts of Schaumburg-Lippe and Nienburg excluding the Samtgemeinde of Uchte. In the 1965 through 1976 elections, it comprised the entirety of the districts of Schaumburg-Lippe, Grafschaft Schaumburg, and Neustadt am Rübenberge. In the 1980 through 1998 elections, it comprised the entirety of the Schaumburg and Nienburg districts. In the 2002 election, the Samtgemeinden of Uchte and Grafschaft Hoya were transferred away from the constituency.

Members
The constituency has been held by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) during all but three Bundestag terms since 1949. Its first representative was Otto Heinrich Greve of the SPD, who served from 1949 to 1961. Future President of Germany Gustav Heinemann served one term as representative from 1961 to 1965. Friedrich Blume then served from 1965 to 1969. Friedel Schirmer was representative from 1969 to 1983, when the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) candidate Helmut Rode won the constituency. Ernst Kastning of the SPD won in 1987, but Rode won again in 1990. Kastning returned in 1994 and served a single term. Sebastian Edathy was elected in 1998, and served until his resignation in 2014. In 2017, the CDU won the constituency for only the third time in its history; Maik Beermann served as representative. Marja-Liisa Völlers regained it for the SPD in 2021.

Election results

2021 election

2017 election

2013 election

2009 election

References

Federal electoral districts in Lower Saxony
2002 establishments in Germany
Constituencies established in 2002
Nienburg (district)
Schaumburg


title: Earl of Essex, Manor Park

text:
The Earl of Essex is a Grade II listed public house at 616 Romford Road, Manor Park, London.

It was built in 1902 by the architects Henry Poston and William Edward Trent.

The pub has been closed since 2012, and as of April 2016, it is hoped to reopen in the near future.

References

Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Newham
Grade II listed pubs in London
Pubs in the London Borough of Newham
Manor Park, London
Stratford, London


title: Matilda Brown

text:
Matilda Brown (born 9 June 1987) is an Australian actress, writer and director.

Career

Matilda Brown is best known for her work in the short film series, Lessons From The Grave where she stars opposite her father Bryan Brown. Her mother is actress Rachel Ward. She has an elder sister Rosie and a younger brother Joe, who is also working as an actor.

Her short film, How God Works, was a finalist in the 2010 Tropfest.

Other television credits include guest spots on My Place, Rake and Offspring

Her partner is former My Kitchen Rules contestant Scott Gooding. Together they have a son, Zan Neathway Gooding . The two married on Saturday 16 November 2019. In February 2021, the two had a daughter, Anouk. She is stepmother to Scott's son from a previous relationship.

Selected filmography

Film
 Martha's New Coat (2003)
 The Road Ahead (2007) Short film
 How God Works (2010) Short film
 Cocks (2011) Short film
 Am I Okay (2012) Short film
 The iMom (2014) Short film
 The Death and Life of Otto Bloom (2016) as Young Ada Fitzgerald

Television
 Twisted Tales (1996) as Fiona
 Underbelly: The Golden Mile (2010) as Ellie Dooley
 Offspring (2010)
 Rake (2010–12)
 My Place (2011)
 Lessons from the Grave (2013) Miniseries
 Let's Talk About (2015) as Claire
 Palm Beach (2019) as Ella

As Director/writer
 How God Works (2010) Short film - Director/writer
 Cocks (2011) Short film - Director/writer
 Am I Okay (2012) Short film - Director
 Lessons from the Grave (2013) Miniseries -Director/writer
 Let's Talk About (2015) - Director/writer

Awards and nominations

References

External links

20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian writers
1987 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: If I Can't Love Her

text:
"If I Can't Love Her" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical Beauty and the Beast (1994), a stage adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Sung by the Beast after he frightens Belle away from the castle, "If I Can't Love Her" details the characters' struggles to love her. The song was first performed by American actor Terrence Mann, who both originated the role of the Beast on Broadway and recorded it for the show's original cast album.

Since the Beast barely sings in the original film, Menken and Rice wrote "If I Can't Love Her" to give the Beast a proper solo number, as well as offer him character development and an opportunity to express his feelings about both Belle and his situation. A melancholy power ballad more operatic in style than the show's other songs, "If I Can't Love Her" is a lament about love both desired and lost. The song is later reprised after the Beast frees Belle and allows her to return home. Upon premiering in Beauty and the Beast, "If I Can't Love Her" received mostly positive reviews from theatre critics, who praised Menken and Rice's songwriting, and Mann's vocal performance.

"If I Can't Love Her" has since been covered by several artists, including singer Josh Groban. "If I Can't Love Her" was nearly included in the 2017 live-action remake of the film but was ultimately omitted because the songwriters deemed the ballad unsuitable for the film's pacing, instead replacing it with an original song for the Beast entitled "Evermore".

Background
In the animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991), the Beast does not have his own song, and hardly sings apart from a brief solo during "Something There". Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman had not been able to determine a suitable moment for the character to sing in the film, but Menken considered it imperative that the Beast sing in the 1994 stage musical adaptation because he believes he is the story's true protagonist, whose life undergoes the most significant arc. Since Ashman had died in 1991 prior to the film's release, lyricist Tim Rice was recruited to collaborate with Menken on writing new songs for the stage musical, out of which "If I Can't Love Her" was developed. Menken identified creating "If I Can't Love Her" as "one of the benefits" of his new partnership with Rice. "If I Can't Love Her" was one of six original songs Menken wrote with Rice for the production.

"If I Can't Love Her" was written to close the show's first act. Since the musical was written in two-act structure, "If I Can't Love Her" was conceived to allow the Beast an important opportunity to either "howl for redemption" or declare he has given up. "If I Can't Love Her" focuses on character development, as do most original songs written specifically for the show. Deciding that the production did not require any more show-stopping musical numbers like "Be Our Guest" and "Gaston", Rice opted to write new material that "expand[s] the characters and their relationships" instead, describing "If I Can't Love Her" as a song that uncovers the Beast's "human longings". Librettist Linda Woolverton, who wrote the film's screenplay, also used "If I Can't Love Her" to develop the Beast into a more rounded, fully realized character while adapting her own screenplay, further exploring previously unheard thoughts from the character. Menken co-produced the track with Bruce Botnick. Actor Terrence Mann, who originated the role of the Beast on Broadway, recorded "If I Can't Love Her" for the musical's original cast album, which was released on April 26, 1994.

Use in Beauty and the Beast

"If I Can't Love Her" is, at times, referred to by critics as the Beast's only solo song in the stage musical, although the character also performs the brief "How Long Must this Go On?". Prior to "If I Can't Love Her", the show primarily consists of upbeat musical numbers performed by supporting characters such as Gaston, Lefou, and Lumiere. In the musical, the Beast sings "If I Can't Love Her" at the end of Beauty and the Beast's first act after he angrily frightens Belle away from the castle, before she encounters a pack of wolves while fleeing through the forest, serving as the finale to Act I. Immediately following the lively "Be Our Guest", the ballad precedes the show's intermission, ending Act I "on a smoky and introspective note", according to Brad Hevenor of The Independent. Belle leaves the Beast to ponder what little is left of his humanity. While lamenting the status of his relationship with Belle, the Beast realizes that he has squandered an opportunity to love someone and "turn everything around," still struggling to love a person as "beautiful and fascinating" as Belle. Belle's departure forces the Beast to examine that failing to love her will result in him remaining a beast forever, realizing that he has not only lost Belle but also "any chance of being himself again."

Striving to imbue the character with more depth and dimension, Menken described the scene as a moment in which the Beast ponders "If I can’t love her then who can I ever love?". The Disney Song Encyclopedia author Thomas S. Hischak described the song as a "soul-searching" ballad in which the hero "fights off despair and considers his ability to fall in love with Belle". According to Tamara Ikenberg of the Anchorage Daily News, the number "reveals the depths of the Beast's depression as he accepts that he may never be human again and wishes for a way ... out of his pain." Natalie Salvo of The AU Review identified the musical number as the moment "the character poured his heart out". According to LAexcites.com contributor Imaan Jalali, the number demonstrates the character's "distinct melancholy that reverberates with the hearts of attendees" while "he bares his downtrodden soul". The Beast later reprises the song after he allows Belle to return home and tend to her ailing father, wondering if he will ever see her again. Conversely, the reprise "expresses his own sorrow of remaining in the curse, but more importantly of not winning Belle’s love".

Menken summarized the musical number as simply "a moment of just crying out to the heavens." The Ottawa Citizen critic Zaina Khan wrote that the ballad indicates "a shift from ferocity to humility displaying the Beast’s dichotomy between ill-tempered rage and instant regret." Similarly, The Plain Dealer contributor Laura DeMarco believes that the song "further humanize[s]" the Beast. Bruce Miller of the Sioux City Journal described the musical number's staging as a combination of the stage musicals Les Miserables (1980) and Evita (1978), which is sometimes performed onstage amidst artificial fog.

Composition

"If I Can't Love Her" is a melancholy power ballad. Written in the key of C major and performed at a free tempo of 112 beats per minute, the song lasts four minutes and six seconds (4:06) in duration. AllMusic's Peter Fawthrop described the track as "dark" and "mournful". Lindsey BahrIt, writing for the Toronto Star, described its melody as "soaring". The Plain Dealer's Laura DeMarco described the ballad as "sentimental", while D23 called it "heart-wrenching". Some critics have deemed "If I Can't Love Her" an anthem; Holly Beretto of Houstonia identified the song as "an anthem to love desired and lost" that "showcases [the actor's] vocal and acting range." Similarly, Bruce Miller of the Sioux City Journal dubbed it a "lament about lost love".

An emotional number, the song begins with "soft phrases" expressing "gentleness and heartfelt emotion, before build[ing]" as it grows and progresses. Despite being performed in a major key, the ballad compensates by using "vocals, slowness, and mirroring the haunting theme" of the score. Variety'''s Jerome Weeks wrote that the song "combines a lovely descending-line melody with one of Rice’s most touching efforts in the way the Beast haltingly, almost inarticulately grapples with his developing love." Thomas S. Hischak, author of The Disney Song Encyclopedia, observed that the track boasts "a resounding, operatic tone that is far heavier" than the film's original songs.

Jo Litson of Limelight identified the song as a "tenor power ballad", with Mann's original vocals spanning two octaves, from B2 to F4. Performed in the vocal range of a baritenor, the vocalist performs "a high and sustained note" while singing the ballad's final line “If I can’t love her, let the world be done with me”, a lyric Paul Lockwood of the Northwest Herald described as "heart-wrenching". Lyrically, the protagonist wonders who he can love "If [he] can't love her". Beginning "And in my twisted face there's not the slightest trace of anything that even hints of kindness", the song's lyrics convey "hope and hopelessness, the pain and beauty of love, and the anguish of loss." Entertainment Weekly's Clark Collis wrote that the song is about "How am I going to fall in love with her?".

 Critical reception

This song has received acclaim from critics, who praised Menken and Rice's songwriting, as well as the performances of Mann and subsequent actors. Variety's Jeremy Gerard reviewed "If I Can't Love Her" as Rice's strongest lyrical contribution to the show. Also writing for Variety, Jerome Weeks said Menken and Rice's efforts particularly "shine" during "If I Can't Love Her", while Tom Jacobs said the song "makes the strongest impact" among their new material. Reviewing Justin Glaser's rendition at the Blaisdell Concert Hall, John Berger of the Honolulu Star-Advertiser said the actor's performance "brings Act I to a stirring and passionate close". The Times-Picayune critic Theodore P. Mahne wrote that Jason Kyle Dowies "solid vocals burst forth with power and passion". The Greenville News critic Paul Hyde called Chase Wolfe's version at the South Carolina Children's Theatre "impassioned", while Bob Curtright of The Wichita Eagle wrote that Thaddeus Pearson's rendition "is particularly powerful and heartbreaking".

Other critics have commended how the song enhances the Beast's character. Melissa Taylor of the Houston Chronicle believes that the song offers the Beast "a gloomily relatable interiority" that the film otherwise lacked. Reviewing a performance at the Broward Center for the Performing Arts, Boca Raton Magazine said  "If I Can't Love Her" provides "deeper emotional understanding to the sorrows of both [the Beast and Belle]", while calling it a beautiful conclusion to the first act. Bruce Miller of the Sioux City Journal opined that the number provides the character with his "best roar". Andra Abramson of DC Metro Theater Arts identified "If I Can't Love Her" as the show's only original song that does not "pale in comparison to the familiar songs from the movie." Simon Duke of the Evening Chronicle described the song as "a more than welcome addition to the stage version's repertoire", writing that it allows its actor "the chance to deliver a masterful, extremely powerful and goosebump inducing performance, leaving the audience to give rapturous applause as the curtain came down for the interval". Reviewing Alyn Hawke's performance at the Edinburgh Playhouse, Liam Rudden of the Edinburgh Evening News called his rendition shiver-inducing. Dianne Bourne of the Manchester Evening News called actor Shaq Taylor's performance "stirring".

Conversely, Sean Daly of the Tampa Bay Times dismissed the song as a "hookless yearner", while the Edmonton Journal deemed it "generic" despite its "quivering intensity", writing "the Phantom might easily have taken [it] on, if he felt like padding out his stage time."

Covers and impact

Singer and actor James Graeme covered "If I Can't Love Her" with the National Symphony Orchestra for the compilation album The Very Best Of Broadway Musicals (2002). In 2004, actor Ron Raines included his rendition of the ballad on his album So In Love With Broadway (2004). Singer and actor Josh Groban covered the song and included it on deluxe versions of his studio album Stages (2015), sold exclusively at Target. The track is cited as a "Target exclusive track". Actor Kane Alexander covered "If I Can't Love Her" for his Broadway-themed studio album Kane Alexander: Different Stages (The Broadway Album) (2017).

The song was nearly incorporated into the 2017 live-action remake of the animated film. Menken and director Bill Condon had originally wanted to use "If I Can't Love Her" but ultimately concluded that the film lacked an appropriate moment at which the Beast could sing it, determining that the character could only sing after he had released Belle. Although Menken and Rice had considered re-writing the song's lyrics to suit the scene, they ultimately decided to write an entirely new ballad instead, which became "Evermore". Condon explained that "Onstage, you can have a character express his feelings for three minutes in a beautiful, powerful song" whereas "In a movie, that character has to be somewhere different at the end of the song from where he starts, the story has to keep on." The filmmakers also determined that the original song was not suitable for the film's three-act structure, as the Beast's solo occurs later in the film than it does in the musical. Menken joked that "If I Can't Love Her" was written "specifically for the act break of a Broadway show; in a film, people aren't going out to go to the bathroom and get drinks." Menken maintains that he would have included "If I Can't Love Her" in the film if given the option. Comparing the two ballads, actor Dan Stevens, who portrays Beast in the remake and recorded "Evermore", wrote that the new song is about "I’ve fallen in love with her, and now she’s buggered off, woe is me" whereas "If I Can't Love Her" muses "How am I going to fall in love with her?". Critics consider "Evermore" to be a replacement for "If I Can't Love Her", to which it was compared. Maria Sciullo of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that the new song "lacks the sheer power of 'If I Can’t Love Her,'" despite being "more upbeat in spirit". ReelViews' James Berardinelli called "Evermore" "solid, although perhaps not as good as 'If I Can’t Love Her'."

After debuting in the musical, "If I Can't Love Her" proved to be very popular among fans. "If I Can't Love Her" is considered to be one of Mann's signature songs. Since becoming a professor of musical theatre at Western Carolina University, Mann has observed that "If I Can't Love Her" is one of three songs from his stage career regarded as standards for male students due to how much his role in Beauty and the Beast'' resonated among fans.

References

Songs from Beauty and the Beast (franchise)
1994 songs
1990s ballads
Songs with music by Alan Menken
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Pop ballads
Josh Groban songs
Walt Disney Records singles
Song recordings produced by Alan Menken


title: Rocca Estense, San Felice sul Panaro

text:
The Rocca Estense is a castle in San Felice sul Panaro, a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna. It is located about  northwest of Bologna and about  northeast of Modena.

History
Construction of the castle began in 1340 on the orders of the Marquis Obizzo III d'Este and took about twenty years to complete. In the following century, it was restored and further fortified by order of the Marquis Niccolò III d'Este, who commissioned the work from the military architect Bartolino da Novara.

The region was struck by two earthquakes in May 2012. The first earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.0, occurred on 20 May 2012 and severely damaged the castle.

See also
List of castles in Italy

References

Castles in Emilia-Romagna
Modena
Este residences


title: Only Human (Cheryl album)

text:
Only Human is the fourth studio album by English singer Cheryl. It was released on 7 November 2014, through Polydor Records. Following a slew of media invasion, Cheryl took a one-year hiatus from music. Following her hiatus, Cheryl confirmed that Girls Aloud would reunite and release a greatest hits compilation. After its release, the group embarked on their last tour and announced their permanent split. In July 2013 Cheryl began recording Only Human; the recording was later completed in August 2014.

Only Human explores themes of being at peace with oneself, banishing bad influences and living life to the full. Musically, the album follows in the same vein as Cheryl's previous work, taking influence from pop and R&B, however the album contains a diverse musical style ranging from the 1980s, disco-pop to electro. The album's production is characterised as being sparsely produced. Cheryl worked with a variety of writers and producers including frequent collaborators and new ones to create her desired sound, she also contributed a large amount of writing herself.

The album was preceded by lead single "Crazy Stupid Love", which featured British rapper Tinie Tempah, released on 18 July 2014. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, selling 118,000 copies in its first week, becoming Cole's fourth number one single. The album's second single, "I Don't Care", was released before the album on 31 October 2014 and became Cheryl's fifth number one making chart history as she is the first ever British female solo artist to have five number ones in the UK. The album was released on 16 February 2015 in the USA.  Only Human entered the UK albums chart at number seven, number 8 on the Scottish albums chart and number 9 on the Irish albums chart becoming here forth consecutive top ten album in all three charts. The albums has since been certified silver by the UK for shipping a total of 60,000 units.

Background
Cheryl released her third studio album, A Million Lights, on 18 June 2012. The album was supported with the release of the lead single, "Call My Name" (2012), which became Cheryl's third number one single on the UK Singles Chart, with the sales of 152,001 digital copies. The song also became 2012's fastest selling number one single on the UK Singles Chart until December of the same year. During this time, Cheryl also embarked on her first solo concert tour, A Million Lights Tour, which started on 3 October 2012 and concluded on 17 October 2012.

Following months of speculation, Cheryl confirmed that Girls Aloud's reunion would occur in November 2012. To celebrate their tenth anniversary, Girls Aloud reunited for the release of their second greatest hits compilation, Ten (2012). In March 2013, following the completion of the Ten: The Hits Tour, the group released a statement, confirming their permanent split. The track listing for Only Human was confirmed on 6 October 2014.

Recording

In July 2013, Cheryl uploaded a picture of a music studio to her official Instagram with the caption: "Back with my first true love", hinting that new material could potentially be on its way. In September 2013, it was reported in that Cheryl would collaborate with former Girls Aloud member Nicola Roberts. Cheryl revealed she had recorded a hip-hop song, co-written by Jon Bellion, who had recently worked with Eminem and Rihanna; producer Jesse Shatkin confirmed the collaboration during an interview with MuuMuse, and also revealed that Cheryl had worked on a new ballad, saying, "It's strong, it's powerful and really from the heart." In June 2014, Cheryl revealed that Australian singer-songwriter Sia had written a couple of songs for Only Human. Cheryl commented, "The song, when I first heard it, was just full of personality. The girl is a genius. I'm just glad I got the chance to work with her."

During the recording of the album Cheryl contributed to the album's writing, including: "Bombs", "One Love", "We Could All Be Stars", "Throwback" and "Coming Up for Air" Only Humans lead single was originally recorded by Kylie Minogue for her twelfth studio album Kiss Me Once (2014). She worked with Wilkins on the track and wanted it to be used on the album, but Minogue's management Roc Nation did not like it because it was "too pop". Wilkins later gave the track to Cheryl to record. Cheryl also worked with producers, such as Greg Kurstin and Invisible Men on songs for the album, as well as new producers, including Red Triangle, Lucas Secon and Electric.

Composition
The album's lyrics explore themes of being at peace with oneself, banishing bad influences and living life to the full. Musically, the album is a mid-tempo pop and R&B album with "electro leanings" that explores a variety of genres ranging from 80s style disco-pop to sparsely-produced contemporary songs. Only Human opens was an introduction of a speech from the philosopher Alan Watts, the speech sees Watts discussing a profound dialogue that money doesn't equal happiness. "Live Life Now" is an electronic dance song. Like the introduction, "Live Life Now" continues to sample Watts speech, while Cheryl sings lyrics about money and desires. "It's About Time" lyrical revolves around Cheryl throwing "barbs" and a former lover. "Crazy Stupid Love" is a pop and "dancey" urban pop song built on a toe-tapping structure with plenty of saxophones and a "la la la la la" refrain. Lyrically, the song has Cheryl gushing about her uncontrollable feelings for her boyfriend.

"I Don't Care" is a pop and dance song which lyrically finds Cole singing "It feels so fucking good to say, I swear that I don't care". Idolator website editor Bianca Gracie noted that the song carries "an 80s carefree vibe to it, thanks to the breezy synths and pumping bass line", and in contrast to her other songs like "Ghetto Baby", there are no "massive bass drops or an in-your-face dance theme". "Only Human" is an electro-ballad, with vocals layered in the style of Imogen Heap according to Bradley Stern of Idolator, the song contains encouraging lyrics built over a glittering production. "Stars" is a song Cheryl wrote for her fans, the song's lyrics are "inspiring" described by Stern of Idolator as "bright and self-empowering", "Stars" is an electronic song backed by shimmering and stomping production.

According to Bradley Stern of MuuMuse, "All in One Night" is a song described as is "a slow-burning R&B song" that is compared to Cheryl's song "Ghetto Baby" from her third studio album, A Million Lights (2012). "Coming Up For Air" featuring Joel Compass, is described as the album's most "adventurous" song and "carries just the vaguest hint of the creeping, skeletal production of BANKS and FKA Twigs." "Fight On" is backed by a choir and pounding percussion, with ethereal, tribal beats and lyrically sees Cheryl telling the story of a girl seeking sanctuary.

Release and promotion
During an appearance on The Graham Norton Show, Cheryl confirmed the album's title to be Only Human, stating: "I was exhausted, I'd had a solo tour and then toured with Girls Aloud so I took a year off to be with my family. It was the first time off I'd had in 10 years – it was a normal time. I did party a lot. I needed to let loose and it was the best thing I could do. The title sums up that time." On 3 October 2014, the official album artwork for Only Human was unveiled in both a standard and deluxe edition. While both covers featured the same headshot of Cheryl, the editions differed in their design aspects; the standard cover shows the singer with leopard print makeup around her left eye, while the deluxe shows a stripe across her left eye that is torn away, to reveal a face of a leopard.

Cheryl and Tempah performed "Crazy Stupid Love" for the first time on the final of the eighth series of Britain's Got Talent on 7 June 2014. Cole appeared on The Graham Norton Show on 20 June, and also performed the song as part of her set at Capital FM's Summertime Ball the following day, 21 June 2014. As part of the iTunes pre-order, Cheryl allowed a download of the title track, "Only Human", for those who pre-ordered the album. Bradley Stern of Idolator called the track an "impressive ballad" and also called the track "one of her best offerings from her back catalog". Cheryl also performed on the live results show during the eleventh series of The X Factor. On 4 November 2014, the track "Stars" was put on iTunes as part of a pre-order of the album. Stern of Idolator called the song a "bright and self-empowering number".

Singles
In June 2014, Cheryl announced the album's lead single, "Crazy Stupid Love", for release on 18 July 2014. The single features rapper Tinie Tempah. The single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, securing the singer her fourth consecutive number one lead single from an album. On 30 September 2014, Cheryl announced that "I Don't Care" would receive its radio debut on the following day, 1 October on Capital FM Radio. The song was co-written by Bonnie McKee, Jocke Ahlund, John Newman and Cheryl, was released on the iTunes Store on 31 October 2014. Idolator.com editor Bianca Gracie described the song as, "a breezy, upbeat pop song built over a 80s production, breezy synths and a pumping bass". The song debuted at the top of the UK charts, setting a new record for most number-one singles by a British female solo artist for Cheryl, with five. On 1 February 2015, Cheryl announced on Twitter that the third single to be lifted from the album would be the title track, "Only Human". The official music video made its premiere on Vevo on 4 February, with an official digital release, featuring a new radio edit of the track by Wilkinson, released on 22 March 2015. The song, which originally peaked at number 70 as an album cut in October 2014, failed to reach the top 100 on the UK Singles Chart upon the single's release, therefore becoming the lowest-charting single of her career, surpassing 2011's "The Flood".

Critical reception

Upon its release, Only Human received mixed to positive reviews. Digital Spy editor Lewis Corner gave Only Human a predominately positive review, calling the album "one of her most focused and cohesive records to date". Corner criticised, however, that some songs should not have made it onto the album ("Beats N Bass") and that they "never really peaks the way it should"("Coming Up for Air"); he called one track "thin and limp" ("Throwback"). The website Entertainmentwise praised the singer's latest release, calling it "most cohesive collection' to date"; they praised such songs as "I Don't Care", "Waiting For Lightning" and the title track, explaining that the latter had "affecting vulnerability that nicely counterbalances the brash confidence found elsewhere". Brendon Veevers of Renownedforsound.com described the album as a "strong collection", citing that the album had "promise". Ed Potton of The Times gives a largely positive review, citing Alan Watts and "the importance of doing what you love" as the driving force behind songs like "Live Life Now". Potton goes on to say "she's good at it too", especially on "Stars", which he calls "a soaring anthem to be".

Commercial performance
Only Human debuted at number seven in the United Kingdom, becoming her lowest charting album to date, with a reported 20,000 units sold in the first week of release. However, it went on to sell over 60,000 units  The album also debuted at number nine in Ireland, also becoming her lowest charting album to date in that territory. As of November 2018, sales in the UK for Only Human stood at 67,559 units.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies an additional producer
  signifies a co-producer
 "Goodbye Means Hello" contains interpolations of "Heads High" by Mr. Vegas and "School Yard" by The William Blakes.
 "Stars" contains sample of "The Adventures of Pippi Longsturmp" by Fears Of Tigers.

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References

External links
Cherylofficial.com – Official Website

2014 albums
Albums produced by Greg Kurstin
Cheryl (singer) albums
Polydor Records albums
Albums produced by David Dawood
Albums produced by Jesse Shatkin
Pop albums by British artists
Contemporary R&B albums by British artists
Electronic albums by British artists


title: Richard Edgecombe (born c. 1540)

text:
Richard Edgecombe (c. 1540 – after 1587), of Cotehele, Cornwall, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1563.

References

1540 births
Year of death missing
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Totnes
English MPs 1563–1567


title: 2003–04 Hull City A.F.C. season

text:
The 2003–04 season saw Hull City compete in the Football League Third Division where they finished in 2nd position with 88 points, gaining automatic promotion to League One.

Final league table

Results
Hull City's score comes first

Legend

Football League Third Division

FA Cup

Football League Cup

Football League Trophy

Squad statistics

References

External links
 Hull City 2003–04 at Soccerbase.com (select relevant season from dropdown list)

Hull City A.F.C. seasons
Hull City
2000s in Kingston upon Hull


title: John Gosling (The Kinks musician)

text:
John Gosling (6 February 1948 – 4 August 2023) was a British keyboardist, pianist and vocalist, best known for being a member of the rock band The Kinks from 1970 to 1978, and was later a member of The Kast Off Kinks, a spin-off band composed of former members.

Biography
John Gosling was born in Paignton, Devon on 6 February 1948. As a child his first musical instrument was a harmonium, which he received as a Christmas present. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music, and was also appointed organist of St Andrew’s Church in Stoke Newington.

Gosling joined The Kinks in 1970, after a successful audition of the band's song "Lola". He was replaced by Gordon Edwards in 1978.

Following his departure, he briefly played in a band called Network with fellow Kink Andy Pyle. He then opened a music shop in Berkhamsted, then became a music teacher. In 1994, Gosling founded The Kast Off Kinks, alongside former band members Mick Avory, Jim Rodford and John Dalton. He retired in 2008.

John Gosling died on 4 August 2023, at the age of 75.

References

External links

1948 births
2023 deaths
English keyboardists
English rock keyboardists
The Kinks members
Pop keyboardists
People from Paignton