title: Galain-Chazh

text:
Galain-Chazh () is a historical region in the North Caucasus. Today, Galain-Chazh is a part of Galanchozhsky District, Chechnya.

Since the Middle Ages, Galain-Chazh has been known as the historical center and birthplace of the Galai, a clan (teip) of the Orstkhoy society. In 1944, the entire population was deported to Kazakhstan. Since then, there has been no permanent population in the region.

Name
The name Galain-Chazh roughly translates to English as "gorge of Galai". The name originated from the Galai clan, who settled in the gorge.

Geography
Galain-Chazh is located in the center of Galanchozhsky District. The territory includes Galain-Am (Lake Galanchozh), which is also named after the Galai clan.

Galain-Chazh borders with Orstkhoy-Mokhk in the north, Akka in the west, Khaykharoy in north west, Nashkha in the east, and Terloy-Mokhk in the south.

Auls
Galain-Chazh includes the following villages:
 Aka-Bass,
 Ame,
 Amka,
 Chusha,
 Ei-Salashka,
 Iga-Yurt,
 Kerbeta,
 Kerbicha,
 Korga,
 Ochakh,
 Terkhie.

References

History of Chechnya


title: Freeway Rick Ross (book)

text:
Freeway Rick Ross: The Untold Autobiography is a 2014 memoir by former drug kingpin Rick Ross, co-authored by American crime writer Cathy Scott, about the rise and fall of Ross, in the 1980s and '90s, to his 2009 release from prison. The book was released by Freeway Studios in June 2014.

Storyline

According to the publisher, the book embarks on the day-to-day dealings of a drug kingpin in the heart of the ghetto. It is also the story of a boy born into poverty in Texas who grew up in a single-parent household in the heart of South Central Los Angeles, next to the 110, thus the nickname "Freeway," and was pushed through the school system, emerging illiterate. He saw his options as few and turned to drug dealing. The book also covers Ross' history of domestic violence, recounting an incident in which he kicked a pregnant girlfriend down a flight of stairs, causing a miscarriage.

Authors Ross and Scott chronicle the times by highlighting the social climate that made crack cocaine so desirable. Ross points out that at the time the "cops in the area didn't know what crack was; they didn't associate the small white rocks they saw on homies as illegal drugs." All Ross knew was people wanted it, so he sold it.

During his reign as the head of a nationwide drug enterprise, it is estimated that Ross profited nearly $300 million, selling nearly $3 million worth of drugs in one day. Ross' role in what became known as the Iran-Contra affair that took place during the Ronald Reagan administration was outlined in San Jose Mercury News reporter Gary Webb's original series of articles alleging that the CIA was complicit in smuggling drugs into the U.S., which effectively ignited the crack-cocaine epidemic of the 1980s.

The autobiography includes the outcome of Ross' crack cocaine dealing, his conviction of conspiracy to illegally traffic cocaine, and the knowledge that the money Ross paid drug supplier Danilo Blandón funded the Nicaraguan rebels in the Contra scandal, which Ross learned of while in prison when he was informed by San Jose Mercury-News reporter Webb. It also details Ross' successful appeal of his life sentence without the possibility of parole and his re-sentencing to 20 years. Ross was released from custody in September 2009.

In July 2014, Ross talked about what is included in the book, telling the NPR affiliate in Los Angeles that it took about five years of dealing before he saw the negative impact crack was having on his community, but customers asked for more. When he realized he did not want to see his brother or sister smoke crack cocaine, he decided to get out and start a legitimate business. "This story," wrote ''Crimespree Magazines Marie Nicoll, "will be retold and shared to American classrooms to children on what can happen when you go down the wrong path. His story shows the true meaning of having everything you could imagine, but at what price."

In the book's foreword, Los Angeles Bishop Noel Jones writes that "this work portrays the heart of a man who is seeking the opportunity, in whatever form, to right the wrongs he has done to his community."

 Reception

Freeway Rick Ross debuted at the Eso Won Bookstore in Los Angeles at a book launch on June 17, 2014 to a standing-room only crowd.

KCET TV wrote in its review, "(The book) is fascinating for its unsentimental, inside look at his career on the streets of South Central, which started for Ross with car theft and quickly shifted to drugs and the big time."

The Los Angeles Sentinel wrote, "While some have yet to move past the stigma of Ross' former image, it has worked to his advantage in dissuading students interested in following in his foot steps.

Upon its release, The Huffington Post UK'''s Ruth Jacobs described the book as "the eagerly awaited autobiography."

During a national book tour, Fox 59 in Indianapolis interviewed Ross about his autobiography in September 2014 for its morning show.

 Awards

The book was named a finalist in ForeWord Reviews Best Book of the Year 2014.

References

External links

2014 non-fiction books
African-American autobiographies
American memoirs
Illegal drug trade in the United States
Iran–Contra affair
Memoirs about drugs
20th-century history books
Works about African-American organized crime
Books about African-American history
Non-fiction books about drug traffickers
Organized crime memoirs
Books by Cathy Scott
American non-fiction books
Books about cocaine
Collaborative memoirs


title: Double periodic variable

text:
A Double Periodic Variable (DPV) is a type of binary star. As the name implies, the systems vary in brightness not only due to eclipses of one star by the other, but also on a cycle of roughly 33 times longer than the orbit. The star gaining mass from the other has a thick disk of material surrounding it, and the systems apparently lose mass cyclically into the interstellar medium over time. The cause for the secondary longer variability still is not established, but it has been proposed to be linked to a magnetic dynamo in the donor (mass transferring) star. A famous example is β Lyrae. The stars are rare, with 21 systems found in the Galaxy and more than 170 in the Magellanic Clouds (Abril 2016).

List
Catalogues of Double Periodic Variables are given by Mennickent, Otero and Kołaczkowski (2016), Pawlak et al. (2013) and Poleski et al. (2010). Some few examples are given below.
The following list contains selected double periodic variables that are of interest to amateur or professional astronomy. Unless otherwise noted, the given magnitudes are in the V-band.

References
 Mennickent, R.E., 2017, Long Photometric Cycles in Hot Algols, Serbian Astronomical Journal 194, 1
Schleicher, D., Mennickent, R.E., 2017, A dynamo mechanism as the potential origin of the long cycle in double periodic variables, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 602, A109.
Mennickent, R.E., Otero, S., Kolaczkowski, Z., 2016, Interacting binaries W Serpentids and double periodic variables, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 455, Issue 2, p. 1728-1745.
 Otero, S.A., Watson, C., Wils, P., Variable Star Type Designations in the VSX. AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
 Pawlak, M., et al. 2013, Eclipsing Binary Stars in the OGLE-III Fields of the Small Magellanic Cloud, Acta Astronomica, vol 63, no 3, p. 323-338.
 Poleski, R. et al. 2010, The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. X. Enigmatic Class of Double Periodic Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud, Acta Astronomica, vol 60, no 3, p. 179-196.
 Mennickent, R.E., Pietrzynski, G., Diaz, M, Gieren, W., 2003, Double-periodic blue variables in the Magellanic Clouds, Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.399, p. L47-L50. (Discovery paper).

Eclipsing binaries
Eruptive variables


title: Marg Lewis

text:
Margaret Lewis is an Australian politician. She was a Labor member of the Victorian Legislative Council for Northern Victoria at 11 June 2014, she was appointed to a casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Candy Broad.

Lewis did not re-contest the 2014 Victorian state election.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
21st-century Australian politicians
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Council
21st-century Australian women politicians


title: Ali Ri'ayat Syah III

text:
Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah III (died 4 April 1607) was the eleventh Sulṭān of Acèh Darussalam in northern Sumatra. He had a brief and turbulent reign from 1604 to 1607 before being succeeded by his more famous nephew Iskandar Muda.

Dynastic trouble

Sultan Muda, the future Sultan Ali, was the second son of Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal. In the early 1600s, he was made co-regent to his aged father. In April 1604 the old sultan was deposed and Sultan Muda was enthroned under the throne name Sultan Ali Ri'ayat Syah. His brief reign was marked by a severe drought which caused famine and death to many people. Moreover, dynastic instability afflicted the kingdom. In 1605 he picked up a fight with his brother Husain, vassal raja of Pidië. Sultan Ali's and Husain's nephew Perkasa Alam, the later Sultan Iskandar Muda, had been punished by the sultan and therefore fled to Pidië. Sultan Ali demanded his extradition but Husain refused. Husain came in open rebellion and ordered his nephew to lead the Pidië troops in a campaign against the capital, but in the end, the soldiers plainly refused to fight. Perkasa Alam was therefore captured and brought back to Kutaraja where he was confined to prison.

The Portuguese attack and the demise of Sultan Ali

The Portuguese authorities were concerned that Aceh allowed trade with the Dutch East India Company and wished to erect a fortress at the strategically vital estuary of the Aceh River. a fleet was launched under the Viceroy Martim Afonso de Castro reaching there in June 1606. After negotiations with the sultan had failed the invaders attacked. Perkasa Alam asked the sultan to lead the army, his request was granted; In the following battle, the Portuguese attack was halted. De Castro probably heard of a strong Dutch and Johorese force that had attacked Melaka and therefore canceled the invasion. Due to his military feat Perkasa Alam came in high esteem at the court. His mother Puteri Raja Inderabangsa, the sultan's sister, prepared the way for his rise by distributing money to the mercantile elite, the orang kayas. When Sultan Ali suddenly died on 4 April 1607, Perkasa Alam secured the loyalty of the palace guards by generous gifts, gave the officers attractive promises, and threatened the qadi who opposed his enthronement. On the same day as his uncle died he was, therefore, able to ascend the throne, taking the name Iskandar Muda. Under him Aceh would reach its political apogee.

References

Literature

 Djajadiningrat, Raden Hoesein (1911) 'Critisch overzicht van de in Maleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh', Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 65, pp. 135–265.
 Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië, Vol. 1 (1917). 's Gravenhage & Leiden: Nijhoff & Brill.
 Hadi, Amirul (2004) Islam and State in Sumatra: A Study of Seventeenth-Century Aceh. Leiden: Brill.
 Penth, Hans (1969) Hikajat Atjeh: Die Erzählung von der Abkunft und den Jugendjaren des Sultan Iskandar Muda von Atjeh (Sumatra). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

Sultans of Aceh
1607 deaths
Year of birth missing
17th-century Indonesian people
16th-century Indonesian people


title: Martin McBirney

text:
Robert Martin McBirney QC (1922–16 September 1974), known as Martin McBirney, was a magistrate and politician from Northern Ireland who was assassinated.

McBirney studied law at Trinity College Dublin and became a barrister in Belfast, before being called to the bar at Gray's Inn.  In his spare time, he became active in the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP), and served on its executive from 1964-67. In 1966-67, he was also party Chairman. He combined these roles as the first Chairman of the Northern Ireland Society of Labour Lawyers.

McBirney stood for the NILP in Belfast Willowfield at the 1965 Northern Ireland general election, taking 35.1% of the vote.  He was next a candidate in East Belfast at the 1966 general election, and took 45.3% of the vote in one of the party's best ever results, although he was not elected. His final contest was Belfast Pottinger at the 1969 Northern Ireland general election, where he took 48.6% of the vote and was fewer than two hundred votes short of being elected.

In the 1970s, McBirney focused on his legal career. He was made a Queen's Counsel, was appointed a resident magistrate, and served as Senior Crown Prosecutor for Belfast. He worked as a lawyer for the defence on civil rights cases, including one involving the Derry Citizens' Action Committee, in which he defended, among others, Eamonn McCann.

At approximately 8.20 am on 16 September 1974, Mr. McBirney was shot in his home at 172 Belmont Road, Belfast. A man was seen to get out of a car and walk to the rear of the McBirney home. The man was then observed leaving and getting back into the car which had two other occupants. The car was located some 500 yards from the scene of the murder. Its occupants were seen to drive off in another vehicle. The car used to convey the gunmen to and from the scene had been hijacked on the morning of the murder. It was attributed to the Irish Republican Army.

Police investigations linked one person to the murder who was also identified as being the gunman. He was subsequently charged and convicted of murder and received a life sentence

On the same day another judge, Rory Conaghan, was shot dead by the IRA outside his home at Beechlands off the Malone Road, Belfast. Both murders have been attributed to the Irish Republican Army. On hearing of McBirney's death, his sister-in-law, Frances Cooke, suffered a fatal heart attack.

McBirney was a Protestant who had married a Roman Catholic. The couple had one child. He was friendly with politician Paddy Devlin, with playwright Sam Thompson and poet Louis MacNeice.  He personally wrote documentaries and plays for the BBC, including one on Daniel O'Connell. McBirney appeared as a contestant on the Round Britain Quiz.

Poet Michael Longley later revelated that he had written the poem A Civil Servant in McBirney's honour.

References

1922 births
1974 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Members of Gray's Inn
Northern Ireland Labour Party politicians
People killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army
20th-century King's Counsel
Assassinated politicians from Northern Ireland
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland justices of the peace
Northern Ireland King's Counsel
Assassinated judges
1970s assassinated politicians in Europe
Place of birth missing


title: Croatia at the UEFA European Championship

text:
The UEFA European Championship is one of the major competitive international football tournaments, first played in 1960, whose finals stage has been held every four years. The Croatia national football team has contested this tournament since 1996, having been part of Yugoslavia up until the qualifying stages for the 1992 edition. Croatia has qualified for every Euro competition except for the 2000 edition, played in Belgium and the Netherlands. The team's best performances have been reaching the quarter-finals twice — in 1996 and 2008, losing to Germany and Turkey, respectively.

Overall record

*Draws include knockout matches decided via penalty shoot-out.

UEFA Euro 1996

Qualifying

Group stage

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

UEFA Euro 2000

Qualifying

UEFA Euro 2004

Qualifying

Play-offs

Croatia won 2–1 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2004.

Group stage

UEFA Euro 2008

Qualifying

In the qualifiers, Croatia was drawn into Group E of Euro 2008's qualifications, along with Andorra, England, Estonia, Macedonia, Israel and Russia.

Over the course of qualifying, Croatia racked up nine wins, two draws, and one loss. Croatia's loss was a 2–0 defeat at Skopje, Macedonia. Croatia and Romania became the final teams to record their first loss, both on the 17 November 2007 matchday, in a qualification cycle where every team suffered at least one defeat. Croatia gathered numerous headlines after knocking England out on the final matchday, with a 3–2 victory at Wembley Stadium.

Croatian striker Eduardo was the second-highest goalscorer in qualifications with ten goals, trailing Northern Ireland's David Healy.

Group stage

Knockout phase

Quarter-finals

UEFA Euro 2012

Qualifying

Play-offs

Croatia won 3–0 on aggregate and qualified for UEFA Euro 2012.

Group stage

UEFA Euro 2016

Qualifying

Group stage

Knockout phase

Round of 16

UEFA Euro 2020

Qualifying

Group stage

Knockout phase

Round of 16

List of matches

Players with most appearances

Goalscorers

Awards
 Team of the Tournament: Davor Šuker (1996), Luka Modrić (2008)
 With three goals, Mario Mandžukić was the joint-top scorer in 2012 alongside five other players, but failed to win an award.

See also
 Croatia at the FIFA World Cup
 Croatia in the UEFA Nations League
 Serbia at the UEFA European Championship (records for Yugoslavia)

Notes

References

External links

Countries at the UEFA European Championship


title: '68 (band)

text:
68 is an American noise rock duo from Atlanta, Georgia. Formed in 2013 by guitarist and vocalist Josh Scogin—formerly of the hardcore punk band the Chariot—and drummer Michael McClellan, the band currently comprises Scogin and drummer Nikko Yamada.

History

Josh Scogin's former band, the Chariot, played their final show in November 2013. Just over a week later, Scogin teased an announcement with a countdown timer on the website theyare68.com; when the timer ended in December 2013, Scogin revealed that he had formed a new band named '68 and posted a two-song EP, Midnight, for sale online. The title of the EP and its two songs – "Three Is a Crowd" and "Third Time Is a Charm" – were significant to Scogin; the use of the number three in the song titles represented the third act of his life following his stints in Norma Jean and the Chariot, and Scogin also explained that the number three represents "that thought process of continuing on in my head: 'Three's a charm,' oh, this is gonna be great or 'three's a crowd,' like we should've stuck with the Chariot." The band's name, meanwhile, came from his late father’s ’68 Camaro. The initial pressing of Midnight sold out in less than one day; independent record label No Sleep Records re-released it with new artwork on 1 April 2014.

The band toured in April and May 2014, opening for Chiodos, Emarosa, Our Last Night, and Hands Like Houses, and in May 2014 announced their signing to Good Fight Music and eOne Music to release their debut album In Humor and Sadness, which was released two months later on 8 July 2014. To promote the album, the band released "Track Two: e" on YouTube as a pair videos that had to be played in unison in order to hear the song correctly. Scogin said of releasing the song this way: "[S]omeone will have one computer and invite a friend over that has another computer, they will spend several minutes struggling and laughing at trying to sync up the two videos perfectly." The song "Track One: R" was also available for online streaming ahead of the album's release, and in August, they released a music video for "Track One: R" directed by former Norma Jean and Underoath member Daniel Davison. The band's first tour in support of In Humor and Sadness featured Listener (whose vocalist Dan Smith previously guested on the Chariot's 2010 album, Long Live) and Homeless Gospel Choir.

Scogin and McClellan entered the studio in January 2016 to work on their second album, and a few months later posted a demo from the then-upcoming album to YouTube on 14 March 2016. The album, Two Parts Viper, was released over a year later on 2 June 2017.

A few months after the release of Two Parts Viper, McClellan was revealed to have parted ways with Scogin. During the tour, Nikko Yamada replaced McClellan as the band's new drummer.

In September 2020, the band released their second EP, Love Is Ain't Dead. In January 2021, they announced their third album, Give One Take One, which was released on March 26. In August 2023, the band announced their fourth studio album, entitled Yes, And..., along with the release of its lead single "Removed Their Hooks". The album was released on September 29, 2023.

Members
Current members
 Josh Scogin – vocals, guitar (2013–present)
 Nikko Yamada – drums (2017–present)

Former members
 Michael McClellan – drums (2013–2017)

Discography

Studio albums

EPs
 Midnight (2013, self-released)
 Love Is Ain't Dead (2020)

Compilation appearances

Warped Tour 2015 Compilation – "The Human Calculus" (2015, SideOneDummy)

Music videos
 "Track 1 R" (2014)
 Directed by Daniel Davison
 "Track 2 E" (2014)
 "Track 5 E" (2014)
 "Track 7 N" (2015)
 "Track 9 T" (2015)
 "The Workers Are Few" (2017)
 "Eventually We All Win" (2017)
 "Whether Terrified or Unafraid" (2018)
 "Without Any Words (Only Crying and Laughter)" (2018)
 "Bad Bite" (2021)
 "The Knife, The Knife, The Knife" (2021)
 "Removed Their Hooks" (2023)

References

External links

Musical groups from Atlanta
2013 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Musical groups established in 2013
Rock music duos
American post-hardcore musical groups
Punk rock groups from Georgia (U.S. state)


title: I Adore You (film)

text:
I Adore You is a 1933 British musical comedy film set in a movie studio. It was most notable for Errol Flynn appearing as an extra.

Margot Grahame was the heroine and Clifford Heatherley plays a film magnate.

The choreography was done by Ralph Reader, a protege of Busby Berkeley.

It is considered a lost film.

Plot
Norman Young (Harold French) wants to marry Margot Grahame (Margot Grahame) but her contract with a producer prohibits her from marrying during a five-year period. Norman spends millions to take over the contact.

References

External links

Lost British films
1933 films
1933 musical comedy films
Films directed by George King
British musical comedy films
British black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
1930s British films


title: Radiocarbon dating samples

text:
Samples used for radiocarbon dating must be handled carefully to avoid contamination.  Not all material can be dated by this method; only samples containing organic matter can be tested: the date found will be the date of death of the plants or animals from which the sample originally came.

Samples for dating need to be converted into a form suitable for measuring the  content; this can mean conversion to gaseous, liquid, or solid form, depending on the measurement technique to be used. Before this can be done, however, the sample must be treated to remove any contamination and any unwanted constituents. This includes removing visible contaminants, such as rootlets that may have penetrated the sample since its burial.

Pretreatment
Two common contaminants are humic acid, which can be removed with an alkali wash, and carbonates, which can be removed with acid. These treatments can damage the structural integrity of the sample and remove significant volumes of material, so the exact treatment decided on will depend on the sample size and the amount of carbon needed for the chosen measurement technique.

Wood and charcoal
Wood contains cellulose, lignin, and other compounds; of these, cellulose is the least likely to have exchanged carbon with the sample's environment, so it is common to reduce a wood sample to just the cellulose component before testing. However, this can reduce the volume of the sample down to 20% of the original size, so testing of the whole wood is often performed as well. Charcoal is less likely than wood to have exchanged carbon with its environment, but a charcoal sample is likely to have absorbed humic acid and/or carbonates, which must be removed with alkali and acid washes.

Bone
Unburnt bone was once thought to be a poor candidate for radiocarbon dating, but is now possible to test it accurately. The constituents of bone include proteins, which contain carbon; bone's structural strength comes from calcium hydroxyapatite, which is easily contaminated with carbonates from ground water. Removing the carbonates also destroys the calcium hydroxyapatite, and so it is usual to date bone using the remaining protein fraction after washing away the calcium hydroxyapatite and contaminating carbonates. This protein component is called collagen. Collagen is sometimes degraded, in which case it may be necessary to separate the proteins into individual amino acids and measure their respective ratios and  activity. It is possible to detect if there has been any degradation of the sample by comparing the relative volume of each amino acid with the known profile for bone. If so, separating the amino acids may be necessary to allow independent testing of each one—agreement between the results of several different amino acids indicates that the dating is reliable. Hydroxyproline, one of the constituent amino acids in bone, was once thought to be a reliable indicator as it was not known to occur except in bone, but it has since been detected in groundwater.

For burnt bone, testability depends on the conditions under which the bone was burnt. The proteins in burnt bone are usually destroyed, which means that after acid treatment, nothing testable will be left of the bone. Degradation of the protein fraction can also occur in hot, arid conditions, without actual burning; then the degraded components can be washed away by groundwater. However, if the bone was heated under reducing conditions, it (and associated organic matter) may have been carbonized. In this case the sample is often usable.

Shell
Shells from both marine and land organisms consist almost entirely of calcium carbonate, either as aragonite or as calcite, or some mixture of the two. Calcium carbonate is very susceptible to dissolving and recrystallizing; the recrystallized material will contain carbon from the sample's environment, which may be of geological origin. The recrystallized calcium carbonate is generally in the form of calcite, and often has a powdery appearance; samples of a shiny appearance are preferable, and if in doubt, examination by light or electron microscope, or by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, can determine whether recrystallization has occurred.

In cases where it is not possible to find samples that are free of recrystallization, acid washes of increasing strength, followed by dating part of the sample after each wash, can be used: the dates obtained from each sample will vary with the degree of contamination, but when the contaminated layers are removed, consecutive measurements will be consistent with each other. It is also possible to test conchiolin, which is an organic protein found in shell, but this only constitutes 1-2% of shell material.

Other materials
 Peat. The three major components of peat are humic acid, humins, and fulvic acid. Of these, humins give the most reliable date as they are insoluble in alkali and less likely to contain contaminants from the sample's environment. A particular difficulty with dried peat is the removal of rootlets, which are likely to be hard to distinguish from the sample material.
 Soil and sediments. Soil contains organic material, but because of contamination by humic acid of more recent origin, it is very difficult to get satisfactory radiocarbon dates. It is preferable to sieve the soil for fragments of organic origin, and date the fragments with methods that are tolerant of small sample sizes.
 Other types of sample that have been successfully dated include ivory, paper, textiles, individual seeds and grains, straw from within mud bricks, and charred food remains found in pottery.

Isotopic enrichment
Particularly for older samples, it may be useful to enrich the amount of  in the sample before testing. This can be done with a thermal diffusion column. The process takes about a month, and requires a sample about ten times as large as would be needed otherwise, but it allows more precise measurement of the / ratio in old material, and extends the maximum age that can be reliably reported.

Preparation
Once contamination has been removed, samples must be converted to a form suitable for the measuring technology to be used. A common approach is to produce a gas, for gas counting devices:  is widely used, but it is also possible to use other gases, including methane, ethane, ethylene and acetylene. For samples in liquid form, for use in liquid scintillation counters, the carbon in the sample is converted to benzene, though other liquids were tried during the early decades of the technique. Libby's first measurements were made with lamp black, but this technique is no longer in use; these methods were susceptible to problems caused by the  created by nuclear testing in the 1950s and 1960s. Solid targets can be used for accelerator mass spectrometry, however; usually these are graphite, though  and iron carbide can also be used.

The steps to convert the sample to the appropriate form for testing can be long and complex. To create lamp black, Libby began with acid washes if necessary to remove carbonate, and then converted the carbon in the sample to  by either combustion (for organic samples) or the addition of hydrochloric acid (for shell material). The resulting gas was passed through hot copper oxide to convert any carbon monoxide to , and then dried to remove any water vapour. The gas was then condensed, and converted to calcium carbonate in order to allow the removal of any radon gas and any other combustion products such as oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. The calcium carbonate was then converted back to  again, dried, and converted to carbon by passing it over heated magnesium. Hydrochloric acid was added to the resulting mixture of magnesium, magnesium oxide and carbon, and after repeated boiling, filtering, and washing with distilled water, the carbon was ground with a mortar and pestle and a half gram sample taken, weighed, and combusted. This allowed Libby to determine how much of the sample was ash, and hence to determine the purity of the carbon sample to be tested.

To create benzene for liquid scintillation counters, the sequence begins with combustion to convert the carbon in the sample to . This is then converted to lithium carbide, and then to acetylene, and finally to benzene. Targets for accelerator mass spectrometry are created from  by catalysing the reduction of the gas in the presence of hydrogen. This results in a coating of filamentous carbon (usually referred to as graphite) on the powdered catalyst—typically cobalt or iron.

Sample sizes
How much sample material is needed to perform testing depends on what is being tested, and also which of the two testing technologies is being used: detectors that record radioactivity, known as beta counters, or accelerator mass spectrometers (AMS). A rough guide follows; the weights given, in grams, are for dry samples, and assume that a visual inspection has been done to remove foreign objects.

See also
 Chronological dating

References

Sources

Boutton, Thomas W. & Yamasaki, Shin-ichi (eds.) (1996). Mass Spectrometry of Soils. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Radiocarbon dating


title: Yinpan Dam

text:
The Yinpan Dam is a gravity dam on the Wu River in Wulong County of Chongqing Municipality, China. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and navigation. It supports a 500-ton ship lift and a 600 MW power station. Construction on the project began in 2005 and it was completed in 2011 with the first generator commissioned in May of the same year, the fourth in December.

See also

 List of dams and reservoirs in China
 List of tallest dams in China

References

Dams in China
Gravity dams
Dams completed in 2011
Hydroelectric power stations in Chongqing
Dams on the Wu River
Energy infrastructure completed in 2011


title: Geocharis (plant)

text:
Geocharis  is a genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae. It is native to insular Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines).

 Geocharis aurantiaca Ridl. - Johor
 Geocharis fusiformis (Ridl.) R.M.Sm. - Philippines, Sabah
 Geocharis macrostemon (K.Schum.) Holttum - Sumatra
 Geocharis radicalis (Valeton) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. - Sumatra
 Geocharis rubra Ridl. - Sarawak
 Geocharis secundiflora (Ridl.) Holttum - Peninsular Malaysia

References

Alpinioideae
Zingiberaceae genera


title: Metopocetus

text:
Metopocetus is an extinct genus of baleen whale belonging to the family Cetotheriidae. The type species is Metopocetus durinasus.

Description
Metopocetus is diagnosable by lateral occipital crests continuous with temporal crests that diverge forward, as well as elongate frontals, and short nasal bones that project posterior to frontals.

Location
Metopocetus durinasus is known only from the middle Miocene (Langhian) Calvert Beach Member of the Calvert Formation of Westmoreland County, Virginia. Its type specimen is USNM 8518. On the other hand, Metopocetus hunteri is based on a partial cranium from the Breda Formation of the Netherlands.

References

Baleen whales
Miocene cetaceans
Prehistoric cetacean genera
Fossil taxa described in 1896
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope


title: Mount Murchison, Queensland

text:
Mount Murchison is a rural locality in the Shire of Banana, Queensland, Australia.

Geography
Callide Power Station is in the south-east of the locality at 1092 Biloela Callide Road ().

History

Mount Murchison State School opened on 24 April 1935. The new school was built to cater for up to 24 students with a single 18x18 foot classroom with 8 foot verandas front and rear; it was a timber building with a galvanised iron roof and was built on the property of Mr C. G. Skinner. The teacher was Reg Davidson.

Callide Power Station commenced operation in 1965. It was officially opened by Queensland Premier Frank Nicklin  on 21 August 1965.

The mobile library service commenced in 2004.

In the 2011 census, Mount Murchison had a population of 226 people.

In the  Mount Murchison had a population of 149 people.

On 25 May 2021, an explosion and subsequent fire at Callide Power Station caused a significant power outage that affected over 375,000 premises.

Economy
Callide Power Station is an coal-powered electricity generator  with eight steam turbines with a combined generation capacity of 1,720 megawatts (MW) of electricity. As of 2018, generation capacity was 1510 MW.

Education
Mount Murchison State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Lot 137 Dawson Highway (). In 2013, the school had 16 students in a single multi-age class with one teacher. In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 33 students with 3 teachers and 6 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Mount Murchison. The nearest secondary school is Biloela State High School in Biloela to the south-west.

Amenities
Banana Shire Council operate  a fortnightly mobile library service to the school.

Biloela Dirt Riders operate the Stoneyridge Raceway on Cocups Road ().

References

Further reading

Shire of Banana
Localities in Queensland


title: Pascall Roberts

text:
Pascall Ronald Roberts (15 December 1937 – 20 June 2011) was a Trinidad cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1961 to 1979. He toured with the West Indian cricket team in England in 1969 but did not play Test cricket.

A versatile left-arm bowler who could open the bowling and also bowl orthodox spin, Roberts made his first-class debut for Trinidad in 1960-61, taking 5 for 79 and 3 for 61 against Barbados. In his third match later that season he took 5 for 111 and 3 for 77 against E.W. Swanton's XI.

Roberts played as a professional for Lowerhouse in the Lancashire League in 1963, when he made 283 runs at 17.48 and took 60 wickets at 12.98, and 1965, when he made 234 runs at 10.63 and took 70 wickets at 13.81.

He played regularly for Trinidad throughout the 1960s, as well as appearing for North Trinidad in the Beaumont Cup, which was in those years a first-class competition. He was called for throwing during the 1966-67 Shell Shield.

He took 13 wickets at an average of 26.07 in the 1968–69 Shell Shield season, and was selected for the 1969 tour of England. He played 11 first-class matches on the tour but took only 16 wickets at 46.50.

After the 1969–70 season he lost his place in the Trinidad side to the spinners Jack Noreiga, Inshan Ali and Raphick Jumadeen, but he continued to be prominent in the Beaumont Cup. In the 1970-71 final he took 5 for 47 and 4 for 48 against East Trinidad. He captained North Trinidad from 1974-75 (when they won the title) to 1976-77. His only first-class score over 50 was 105 not out for North Trinidad against South Trinidad in 1976-77, after taking 6 for 66. In his last season, 1978-79, aged 41, he took 6 for 17 and 4 for 17 in an innings victory over Tobago. In all matches for North Trinidad he took 98 wickets at 16.58.

References

External links
 Pascall Roberts at Cricket Archive
 Pascall Roberts at Cricinfo

1937 births
2011 deaths
Trinidad and Tobago expatriates in the United Kingdom
Trinidad and Tobago cricketers


title: Livernois Avenue

text:
Livernois Avenue (also referred to as Livernois Road, Livernois Street, Avenue of Fashion, and Main Street) is a major thoroughfare and section line road on the west side of Metro Detroit in the US state of Michigan.

Route description

Within Detroit

Livernois Avenue starts out in southwest Detroit across Jefferson Avenue from Fort Wayne, carrying only southbound traffic, with northbound traffic carried on Dragoon Street one block east. Both roads converge together a block north of Vernor Highway, from this point northward, Livernois carries traffic in both directions. At Alaska Street (between Tireman Street and Joy Road), it turns from north-northwestward to due north. Livernois Avenue then becomes a boulevard at M-5 (Grand River Avenue) and remains one as far north as Margareta Street, with only a brief interruption for two blocks between M-8 (Davison Street) and Grand Street. It is along this stretch that Livernois passes the western edge of the University of Detroit Mercy's main campus. At 7 Mile Road, Livernois becomes the "Avenue of Fashion," and intersects the eastern end of West Outer Drive.

Within Oakland County
Livernois Avenue becomes less prominent as it crosses M-102 (8 Mile Road) into Ferndale, but is still lined with commercial businesses. Livernois then becomes a divided highway again at Marshall Street (between 8 and 9 Mile) and continues to be one until its first physical interruption at 9 Mile Road for a supermarket parking lot. Livernois then starts up again, still a divided roadway and as a residential street, one block north and continues until it is interrupted again just south of the Ferndale city limits at Oakridge Avenue.

Livernois Avenue then picks up as an undivided commercial road again at M-1 (Woodward Avenue) in Pleasant Ridge as Main Street and with only northbound traffic-it does not become a two-way street until the westbound Interstate 696 (I-696) service drive, two blocks north. It retains the Main Street name through the cities of Royal Oak and Clawson before becoming Livernois again upon completely entering Troy at Maple (15 Mile) Road. Livernois then passes under I-75 without an interchange and then crosses Big Beaver Road a couple blocks north.

Livernois Avenue continues northward into Rochester Hills, where it crosses over M-59, again without an interchange. Several miles to the north after a roundabout at Tienken Road, Livernois becomes a residential dirt road. After a staggered junction at Dutton Road which crosses Paint Creek, Livernois ends at Orion Road in southern Oakland Township.

Name
Livernois Avenue was named after Francois Livernois, a French farmer who resided in the area during the 18th century.

History
Between 7 and 8 Mile roads, Livernois is called the "Avenue of Fashion". This section of Livernois was a major retail destination in Detroit up till the 1950s when new suburban malls pulled away shoppers.

Livernois Avenue was the site of the 1975 Livernois-Fenkell riot when the white owner of a bar located on the road near Fenkell Street in Detroit shot and killed a black man as he was attempting a carjacking.

In 2006, the portion between Grove Street (south of McNichols Road) and 7 Mile Road became the first stretch of Livernois Avenue in Detroit to be converted into a divided boulevard. The boulevard has since been extended both north to 8 Mile Road in 2007 and south to Grand River Avenue in the late 2000s. The median north of Margareta Street would later be removed in 2019 as part of a major road construction project.

On October 21, 2019, Livernois Avenue was vacated and permanently closed between Jefferson Avenue and South Street in the Delray neighborhood, to facilitate construction of the United States Port of Entry for the Gordie Howe International Bridge. The following year, on July 17, 2020, the portion north of South Street to the Norfolk Southern railroad was vacated and permanently closed as well, along with the entirety of Dragoon Street between Jefferson Avenue and Fort Street for the same purpose. Also on that same day, the now southernmost section of Livernois between Fort Street and the railroad was reconfigured to facilitate two-way traffic, and to provide a restricted contractor access point for the US POE construction activities beyond.

See also

References

Metro Detroit
Streets in Michigan


title: Next Great Baker (season 4)

text:
The fourth season of Next Great Baker premiered on June 24, 2014. Unlike other previous seasons, the teams competed in teams of two. Other changes from the previous seasons include the addition of Jacques Torres and Bobbie Lloyd as judges, the addition of the final showdown, and the opportunity to work at Buddy's Las Vegas cake shop. However, some aspects of the show were similar, including having ten competitors (or teams) as in season 1, and the $100,000 prize awarded in each of the previous seasons remained.

Contestants
During the fourth season, there were ten different teams of two. The first episode aired on June 24, 2014. This marks the first time that there were ten competitors since the first season. Seasons two and three both had 13 competitors.

Contestant progress

 (WIN) The team(s) won the challenge.
 (WIN) The team(s) received immunity from the cake challenge.
 (HIGH) The team(s) had one of the best cakes for that challenge, but did not win.
 (IN) The team(s) did not win nor lose and advanced to the next week.
 (LOW) The team was one of the bottom cakes, but escaped the final showdown.
 (LOW) This team had one of the worst cakes, but survived by winning the final showdown.
 (OUT) The team was/were eliminated.
 (IN) The team had immunity.
 (WD) The team voluntarily withdrew from the competition.

Notes

Episodes

References

General references

2014 American television seasons
Next Great Baker


title: Geometric transformation

text:
In mathematics, a geometric transformation is any bijection of a set to itself (or to another such set) with some salient geometrical underpinning. More specifically, it is a function whose domain and range are sets of points — most often both  or both  — such that the function is bijective so that its inverse exists. The study of geometry may be approached by the study of these transformations.

Classifications
Geometric transformations can be classified by the dimension of their operand sets (thus distinguishing between, say, planar transformations and spatial transformations). They can also be classified according to the properties they preserve:
 Displacements preserve distances and oriented angles (e.g., translations);
 Isometries preserve angles and distances (e.g., Euclidean transformations);
 Similarities preserve angles and ratios between distances (e.g., resizing);
 Affine transformations preserve parallelism (e.g., scaling, shear);
 Projective transformations preserve collinearity;

Each of these classes contains the previous one.

Möbius transformations using complex coordinates on the plane (as well as circle inversion) preserve the set of all lines and circles, but may interchange lines and circles.

 Conformal transformations preserve angles, and are, in the first order, similarities.
 Equiareal transformations, preserve areas in the planar case or volumes in the three dimensional case. and are, in the first order, affine transformations of determinant 1.
Homeomorphisms (bicontinuous transformations) preserve the neighborhoods of points.
 Diffeomorphisms (bidifferentiable transformations) are the transformations that are affine in the first order; they contain the preceding ones as special cases, and can be further refined.

Transformations of the same type form groups that may be sub-groups of other transformation groups.

Opposite group actions

Many geometric transformations are expressed with linear algebra. The bijective linear transformations are elements of a general linear group. The linear transformation A is non-singular. For a row vector v, the matrix product vA gives another row vector w = vA.

The transpose of a row vector v is a column vector vT, and the transpose of the above equality is  Here AT provides a left action  on column vectors.

In transformation geometry there are compositions AB. Starting with a row vector v, the right action of the composed transformation is w = vAB. After transposition,

Thus for AB the associated left group action is  In the study of opposite groups, the distinction is made between opposite group actions because commutative groups are the only groups for which these opposites are equal.

See also
 Coordinate transformation
 Erlangen program
 Symmetry (geometry)
 Motion
 Reflection
 Rigid transformation
 Rotation
 Topology
 Transformation matrix

References

Further reading

 Dienes, Z. P.; Golding, E. W. (1967) . Geometry Through Transformations (3 vols.): Geometry of Distortion, Geometry of Congruence, and Groups and Coordinates. New York: Herder and Herder.
 David Gans – Transformations and geometries.

 John McCleary (2013) Geometry from a Differentiable Viewpoint, Cambridge University Press
 Modenov, P. S.; Parkhomenko, A. S. (1965) . Geometric Transformations (2 vols.): Euclidean and Affine Transformations, and Projective Transformations. New York: Academic Press.
 A. N. Pressley – Elementary Differential Geometry.
 Yaglom, I. M. (1962, 1968, 1973, 2009) . Geometric Transformations (4 vols.). Random House (I, II & III), MAA (I, II, III & IV).

Geometry
Functions and mappings
Symmetry
Transformation (function)


title: Geostachys

text:
Geostachys is a genus of plants in the Zingiberaceae. It is native to southeast Asia.

 species

References

Alpinioideae
Zingiberaceae genera
Taxa named by John Gilbert Baker
Taxa named by Henry Nicholas Ridley


title: Google Cardboard

text:
Google Cardboard is a discontinued virtual reality (VR) platform developed by Google. Named for its fold-out cardboard viewer into which a smartphone is inserted, the platform was intended as a low-cost system to encourage interest and development in VR applications. Users can either build their own viewer from simple, low-cost components using specifications published by Google, or purchase a pre-manufactured one. To use the platform, users run Cardboard-compatible mobile apps on their phone, place it into the back of the viewer, and view content through the lenses.

The platform was created by David Coz and Damien Henry, French Google engineers at the Google Cultural Institute in Paris, in their 20% "Innovation Time Off". It was introduced at the Google I/O 2014 developers conference, where a Cardboard viewer was given away to all attendees. The Cardboard software development kit (SDK) was released for the Android and iOS operating systems; the SDK's VR View allows developers to embed VR content on the web as well as in their apps.

Through March 2017, over 160 million Cardboard-enabled app downloads were made. By November 2019, over 15 million viewer units had shipped. After the success of Cardboard, Google developed an enhanced VR platform, Daydream, which was launched in 2016. Following declining interest in Cardboard, Google announced in November 2019 that it would open-source the platform's SDK. In March 2021, the Google Store stopped selling Cardboard viewers. As of November 2021, third-party companies continue to sell compatible viewers.

Viewer assembly and operation

Google Cardboard headsets are built out of simple, low-cost components. The headset specifications were designed by Google, which made the list of parts, schematics, and assembly instructions freely available on their website, allowing people to assemble Cardboard themselves from readily available parts. Pre-manufactured viewers were only available from third-party vendors until February 2016, when Google began selling their own through the Google Store.

The parts that make up a Cardboard viewer are a piece of cardboard cut into a precise shape, 45 mm focal length lenses, magnets or capacitive tape, a hook and loop fastener (such as Velcro), a rubber band, and an optional near field communication (NFC) tag. Google provides extra recommendations for large scale manufacturing, and pre-assembled kits based on these plans are available for less than  from multiple vendors, who have also created a number of Cardboard variations.

Once the kit is assembled, a smartphone is inserted in the back of the device and held in place by the selected fastening device. A Google Cardboard–compatible app splits the smartphone display image into two, one for each eye, while also applying barrel distortion to each image to counter pincushion distortion from the lenses. The result is a stereoscopic (3D) image with a wide field of view.

The first version of Cardboard could fit phones with screens up to , and used magnets as input buttons, which required a compass sensor in the phone. An updated design released at Google I/O 2015 works with phones up to , and replaces the magnet switch with a conductive lever that triggers a touch event on the phone's screen for better compatibility across devices.

Software
Google provides three software development kits for developing Cardboard applications: one for the Android operating system using Java, one for the game engine Unity using C#, and one for the iOS operating system. After initially supporting only Android, Google announced iOS support for the Unity plugin in May 2015 at the Google I/O 2015 conference. Third-party apps with Cardboard support are available on the Google Play store and App Store for iOS. In addition to native Cardboard apps, there are Google Chrome VR Experiments implemented using WebGL; phones, including Apple's, that support WebGL can run Google's web experiments. A port of the Google Cardboard demonstration app to iOS was released at Google I/O 2015. In January 2016, Google announced that the software development kits would support spatial audio, a virtual reality effect intended to simulate audio coming from outside of the listener's head located anywhere in 3D space.

In March 2016, Google released VR View, an expansion of the Cardboard SDK allowing developers to embed 360-degree VR content on a web page or in a mobile app, across desktop, Android, and iOS. The JavaScript and HTML code for web publishing VR content is open source and available on GitHub, allowing developers to self-host their content.

On launch, the application offers icons for Cardboard Demos, 360 Video Channel, and Street View, with tabs for My Library and Get Apps.  The Demos mode, set in a static scene above a beach, includes a brief tutorial option, a display of museum objects from all angles, a My Videos, a Photo Sphere, and an Arctic Journey with further options to explore aspects of interactivity.  The demonstrations also included a Google Earth option that allowed interaction with a 3-D reconstruction of real terrain, but this appeared to have been removed as of late May 2019.

Following declining interest in Cardboard, Google announced on November 6, 2019, that it would open-source the platform's SDK. The company said that it would continue "adding new features" to the project.

Related initiatives

Jump
Jump is an ecosystem for virtual reality film-making developed by Google. It was announced at Google I/O on May 28, 2015. Much as Google did with the Cardboard viewer, for Jump the company developed specifications for a circular camera array made from 16 cameras that it will release to the public. GoPro partnered with Google to build an array using their own cameras, although the Jump rig will theoretically support any camera. Once footage has been shot, the VR video is compiled from the individual cameras through "the assembler", Jump's back-end software. The assembler uses computational photography and "computer vision" to recreate the scene while generating thousands of in-between viewpoints. Finalized video shot through Jump can then be viewed through a stereoscopic VR mode of YouTube with a Cardboard viewer.

Expeditions
Expeditions is a program for providing VR experiences to school classrooms through Google Cardboard viewers, allowing educators to take their students on virtual field trips. It was announced at Google I/O 2015, with plans to launch in fall 2015. Each classroom kit would include 30 synchronized Cardboard viewers and smartphones, along with a tablet for the teacher to act as tour guide. Teachers interested in bringing the program to their school can register online. CNET called Cardboard "the first Virtual Reality platform targeted at children." Through May 2016, over one million students had taken a VR field trip through the Expeditions program. In July 2017, Google released a standalone version of the Expedition app, separating it from the platform's education initiative and making it available to the public.

Partnerships and promotions
In November 2014, Volvo released Volvo-branded Cardboard goggles and an Android app, Volvo Reality, to let the user explore the XC90. In February 2015, toy manufacturer Mattel, in cooperation with Google, announced a VR version of the stereoscopic viewer View-Master. Android support was available at the viewer's release in fall 2015, with support for iOS and Windows smartphones available later.

Google also collaborated with LG Electronics to release a Cardboard-based headset for the LG G3 known as VR for G3. Released in February 2015, it was distributed as a free accessory with new G3 models sold in certain countries, and was perceived to be a competitor to the Samsung Gear VR accessory.

On November 8, 2015, The New York Times included a Google Cardboard viewer manufactured by Knoxlabs with all home newspaper deliveries. Readers can download the NYT VR app on their smartphone, which  displays journalism-focused immersive VR environments. Another newspaper, The Guardian, offered a similar promotion, giving away 97,000 Cardboard headsets to readers on October 7, 2017, while releasing a Guardian VR app for iOS and Android.

In December 2015, Google offered free Star Wars-themed Cardboard viewers through the Google Store and Verizon as a part of promotional tie-in for the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens.

Ticket holders for the 2016 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival received a Google Cardboard–inspired cardboard VR viewer in their welcome package that can be used with the Coachella VR mobile app. The festival's organizers partnered with Vantage.tv to offer VR content for the festival, such as 360° panoramic photos of previous events, virtual tours of the 2016 festival site, interviews, and performances.

Reception
On January 27, 2016, Google announced that in the platform's first 19 months, over 5 million Cardboard viewers had shipped, over 1,000 compatible applications had been published, and over 25 million application installs had been made. According to the company, users viewed over 350,000 hours of YouTube videos in VR during that time, and 500,000 students took a VR field trip through the Expeditions program. Through March 2017, over 10 million Cardboard viewers had been shipped and over 160 million Cardboard-enabled app downloads had been made. By November 2019, Google claimed that over 15 million viewer units had shipped worldwide.

Successor
The success of Cardboard convinced Google to develop more advanced virtual reality hardware and appoint a new chief of virtual reality. Google announced an enhanced VR platform called Daydream at Google I/O on May 18, 2016. The platform's first headset, the Daydream View, was released on November 10, 2016.

Google Daydream was not widely adopted by consumers or developers, and in October 2019 Google announced that the Daydream View headset had been discontinued and that they would no longer certify new devices for Daydream.

See also
 Stereoscope
 Google Glass – another Google product for displaying data next to the face
 Nintendo Labo - Similar cardboard headset product produced by Nintendo as part of kit 04

References

External links

Official Cardboard app for Android on Google Play Store
Official Cardboard app for iOS on Apple App Store
Cardboard Design Lab app by Google, demonstrating VR design principles on Google Play

Cardboard
Products introduced in 2014
Products and services discontinued in 2021
Stereoscopy
Virtual reality headsets


title: Alan H. Borning

text:
Alan H. Borning is an American Computer Scientist noted for his research on human computer interaction and object-oriented programming. In particular his research in human-computer interaction is on designing for human values. He works on systems to support civic engagement and deliberation, and works on tools to make public transportation easier to use. He has also worked on constraint-based languages and systems, and  cooperating constraint languages and solvers.

Biography
Borning  received a B.A. in Mathematics from Reed College in 1971. He received a M.S. in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1974 and a Ph.D in Computer Science from  Stanford University in 1979.

He then joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of Washington in 1980, where in 2016 he is still a professor there. He is also an adjunct professor in the Information School, and a member of the Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Urban Design and Planning.

Awards
In the year 2001, he became an ACM Fellow for contributions to constraint-based languages, systems, and applications, to object-oriented programming; and to understanding issues of computers and society.

References

External links
 University of Washington: Alan H. Borning, Department of Computer Science

American computer scientists
University of Washington faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Living people
1950 births
Reed College alumni
Stanford University alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)


title: UMass Minutemen soccer

text:
The UMass Minutemen soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. The team is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. UMass' first men's soccer team was fielded in 1930. The team plays its home games at Rudd Field. The Minutemen are coached by Fran O'Leary.

Seasons

Source: 1930–2021 season.

NCAA tournament results

UMass has appeared in five NCAA tournaments.

Coaching history

Individual achievements

All-Americans

UMass has produced 17 All-Americans, won by 15 different individuals. The most recent All-American came in 2017.

References

External links

Soccer clubs in Massachusetts
1930 establishments in Massachusetts
Association football clubs established in 1930


title: Hornstedtia

text:
Hornstedtia is a genus of plants in the  Zingiberaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, southern China, New Guinea, Melanesia and Queensland.

 species

References

Zingiberaceae genera


title: Up in Hell

text:
Up in Hell is the third studio album from American heavy metal band Incite.  It was released on September 2, 2014 via Minus Head Records.

Track listing

References

Incite albums
Albums produced by Logan Mader
2014 albums


title: Blitzkid

text:
Blitzkid is an American horror punk band from Bluefield, West Virginia. One of the leading exponents of the horror punk scene, the band is led by singer/guitarist TB Monstrosity and singer/bassist Argyle Goolsby. Active from 1997 until 2012 and reforming in 2020, Blitzkid released five studio albums, appeared on numerous compilations, and toured both nationally and internationally.

History
Goolsby, who credits his late mother for giving him the "dedication" to be successful in music, and Monstrosity, who admits to having had the ambition to make Blitzkid a "huge" band, began playing as Blitzkid in early 1997. Initially the duo were motivated by escaping boredom and creating a soundtrack for skating, but over time developed an interest in expressing thoughts about "universal understanding of the world and yourself and your place in it" by embedding metaphors within the dark imagery of their lyrics.

Artist, children's author, and film maker Gris Grimly approached Blitzkid to compose the title track to his 2006 film Cannibal Flesh Riot. The band did this, and also received Grimly artwork to use for a Blitzkid T-shirt design.

Blitzkid played 260 live dates in 2006. In August 2007, the band played the heavy metal-oriented Summer Breeze Open Air festival in Germany in front of 40,000 concert goers. Another notable live gig the band played that summer was supporting The Damned in Prague. The Damned are an important influence to the band and to horror punk generally, and are one of the original UK punk bands.

Blitzkid were back in Germany one year later, this time taking the main stage at the gothic rock themed M'era Luna Festival, playing before an audience of between 20,000 and 25,000.

In July 2010, during their tenth tour of Europe, Blitzkid were one of 34 bands to play the alternative rock Amphi Festival in Cologne, for as many as 50,000 attendees.

In 2011, Blitzkid were third on the bill of a North American tour with Face to Face, Strung Out, and the Darlings. This tour helped raise the band's profile in the wider punk community. A reviewer for the Dallas Observer found the band's "speedy pop-punk with a tinge of metal and classic Misfits" to be "worthy" and "polished", while a reviewer of the Houston show opined that Blitzkid's fusion of "horror punk, '50s rock, and hardcore elements... kicked quite a bit of ass". On the other hand, the advance coverage of the event in Nashville Scene, while praising the two headliners, dismissed Blitzkid as "gothy-looking mall rockers". Following this tour Blitzkid again played Germany's Summer Breeze Open Air festival in August 2011.

During Blitzkid's final European tour in 2012, which also included 14 dates in Germany, seven in the UK, three in the Czech Republic, and two in Slovakia, the band played in Russia for the first time, headlining a one-hour 45 minute show at Moscow's Relax Club. The UK dates included second billing (out of five bands) to Alien Sex Fiend at the November 3 lineup of the Whitby Goth Weekend.

Citing changing family commitments, Monstrosity announced his intention to leave Blitzkid in 2011, but remain in his side-band, Vagora, which had a less demanding tour schedule. Blitzkid officially broke up by the end of 2012, with Argyle Goolsby embarking on a solo career. As of July 2014, Goolsby and Monstrosity's current musical projects are the bands Argyle Goolsby and the Roving Midnight and A Gathering of None respectively.

A documentary of Blitzkid's history titled Blitzkid: Return to the Living, directed by Jeff Frumess of Video Business Media, is currently in post production.

After having reunited for two nights to appear at the Jason Trioxin tribute shows in Teaneck NJ in June 2019, the band announced a reunion tour in spring 2020 called the Escape the Grave tour, which later postponed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Notable collaborations
Blitzkid has a connection with the original and, by many accounts, leading horror punk progenitors, the Misfits. In 2007, Goolsby played bass and performed vocal duties for Gorgeous Frankenstein, a project headed by ex-Misfits guitarist Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein. He played with Doyle's band while remaining in Blitzkid, making him one of horror punk's more visible figures. Doyle returned the favor by guesting on "Mr. Sardonicus" on Blitzkid's Apparitional album. Doyle is one of two ex-Misfits to have collaborated with Blitzkid; Dr. Chud has played drums for Blitzkid at several gigs including the M'era Luna Festival. Chud's playing with Blitzkid can be heard on both the rare Hell Nights Tour 7″ picture disk and on the Anatomy of Reanimation LP. In 2002, Goolsby also played bass for The Undead, the notable horror punk band featuring ex-Misfit Bobby Steele.

Musical style
Blitzkid's melodic approach to the horror punk genre was noted for its strong vocals; Allmusic has described Monstrosity and Goolsby's singing as "immediately appealing". Not all critics were enamored with their music however; the reviewer for Apoch's Metal Review expressed an unfavorable view of some of the band's non-vocal instrumentation. A third reviewer, in a favorable appraisal, expressed the opinion that lyrical concerns aside, Apparitional-era Blitzkid was not sonically dissimilar to such notable punk rock peers as Bouncing Souls, NOFX, and AFI.

Impact

Writing about the band's then-forthcoming retirement, Zachary Ehren of the Huffington Post remarked that "the legend of their music will continue to live on through their dedicated fanbase and the continuous terror they bring to mothers as their children listen to them across the globe." Another reviewer had a more modest assessment of the band's impact; while conceding Blitzkid had been "in the Horror Punk spotlight ... for quite some time", it was suggested that that particular spotlight does not shine particularly brightly due to the band's "underground tactics".

Matt Pathetic, organizer of an annual horror punk festival in New Jersey, reflecting on his perspective of having had the band pester him to be included in 2001, only to become a perennial headliner until their retirement: "Ten years ago a lot of people used to say Blitzkid sounds like the new Misfits. Well, being involved in this scene for a decade, I can say nowadays there's a lot of bands that sound like Blitzkid." But if others see Blitzkid as having left a significant mark, Argyle Goolsby, speaking after the band's last UK gig, is more humble: "I don't have these unreal expectations that we have to have been this ground-breaking blueprint band, I'm not looking for that. I'm just looking for someone to play our CD like ten years from now. When they have a good day. Or a bad day."

Band members
Timeline

Discography

Albums

Demos
1997: Songs for the Aesthetically Challenged (re-release in 2010, only downloadable)

EPs
1999: Terrifying Tales (re-released in 2012 on EMI Germany)
1999: Revisited
2003: Exhuming Graves and Making Dates (split 10-inch LP with Mister Monster)
2006: Everyday Is Halloween (split 7-inch LP with The Spook)
2007: Split Personalities (split 7-inch LP with The Cryptkeeper Five)
2008: Hell Night's Tour 7-inch picture disc (only 66 copies pressed; features Dr. Chud on drums)
2010: Fistfull of Balls Volume 1 (split with Nim Vind)
2011: Head over Hills (7-inch LP)

Misc. releases
2004: Hollow Bodies (acoustic live album)
2009: Studio Dead (live album, only downloadable)
2009: Revisited (new edition, only downloadable)
2009: Rarities (rarities album, only downloadable)

Compilations
2003: This Is Horror Punk (song: "Lupen Tooth")
2006: Horror High presents: Prom Queen Massacre (song: "Pretty in a Casket")
2006: Fiendforce Cuts Vol 1 (song: "Terror (in the haunted house)" and "Dementia")
2006: Ox-Compilation # 67 (song: "Terror (in the haunted house)")
2006: Sonic Seducer – Cold Hands Seduction Vol 62 (song: "Mary and the Storm")
2006: Zillo Scope Signs & Sounds New 2006/09 (song: "Carve out a Heart")
2006: Cannibal Flesh Riot (song: "Cannibal Flesh Riot")
2007: It Came from Trafalgar Soundtrack Volume # 1 (song: "Demon Machine")
2007: Paid in Black: A Tribute to Johnny Cash (song: "I Walk the Line")
2008: Get acquainted Vol 1 (song: "I'm a Zombie," "Hate you better" and "Ad Nauseum Memorie (live)")
2010: The Sound of Horror – Volume 1 (song: "Love Like Blood")
2011: Ox-Compilation # 95 (song: "She won't stop bleeding")
2011: XtraX Clubtrax Vol 3 (song: "Jane Doe # 9")

References

External links

American punk rock groups
Century Media Records artists
EMI Records artists
Horror punk groups
Musical groups from West Virginia
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups disestablished in 2012


title: The Prophet (2014 film)

text:
The Prophet (full title Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet) is a 2014 animated drama film adapted from Kahlil Gibran's 1923 book of the same name. Produced by Salma Hayek, whose voice is also present, the production consisted of different directors for each of the film's collective essays, with animation director Roger Allers supervising and credited as screenwriter. Segment directors include Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi, Joan C. Gratz, Mohammed Saeed Harib, Tomm Moore, Nina Paley, Bill Plympton, Joann Sfar and Michal Socha.

The film had an in-progress preview at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in the United States on 7 August 2015 by GKIDS, and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was submitted to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to be considered for a nomination for Best Animated Feature, but was ultimately not nominated for the award.

Plot
Set in Lebanon under the Ottoman Empire, Kamila, a widowed mother, works as the housekeeper for Mustafa, a foreign poet, painter and political activist being held under house arrest. Mustafa is guarded by the soldier Halim, who secretly pines for Kamila. Kamila's young daughter, Almitra, has stopped talking due to her father's death, and has become a troublemaker who frequently steals from local merchants. Almitra has seagulls for her only friends; she even seems able to talk to them by making birdlike noises.

When Halim's pompous Sergeant arrives to tell Mustafa that he is now free, he must board a ship to his home country by day's end. The Sergeant escorts Mustafa to the ship, and Mustafa spends the time conversing with Kamila, Almitra and Halim, as well as with the townspeople, who regard him a hero. Mustafa's conversations, ranging in topics from freedom, parenthood and marriage, to working, eating, love, and good and evil are animated by the film's various directors in their own unique styles.

Once they reach the ship, the army imprisons Mustafa in a fortress instead of allowing him to board. The commanding officer labels Mustafa's writings as seditious, and demands that he retract his statements. Mustafa refuses, asserting that his writings are not seditious. Thus, the commanding officer sentences Mustafa to death by firing squad the next morning unless he disavows his writings. That evening, Kamila, Almitra and Halim try to help Mustafa escape.

Almitra sees Mustafa through his prison cell window, and talks for the first time since her father's death. Mustafa refuses to try to escape, giving his final animated poem, this time on death. His final wish is that his friends to return to the house and rescue all his paintings and writings before the army can destroy them. The next day, Mustafa once again refuses to renounce his writings as he is being led to the firing squad in the fortress's open yard. A large flock of seagulls surround him as he is being placed in position.

Over at the house, Kamila and Almitra retrieve all of Mustafa's writings and drawings right before the army arrives, and they hide in the woods. Suddenly, they hear loud gunfire and see the flock of seagulls flee the fortress but Almitra insists that Mustafa is all right. As she sees the flock circle around the now departing ship, Almitra sees Mustafa's spirit aboard the homebound ship.

Voice cast
 Liam Neeson as Mustafa
 Salma Hayek as Kamila
 John Krasinski as Halim
 Frank Langella as Pasha
 Alfred Molina as Sergeant
 John Rhys-Davies as Yousef
 Quvenzhané Wallis as Almitra

Additional voices by Assaf Cohen, John Kassir, Nick Jameson, Fred Tatasciore, Terri Douglas, Lynnanne Zager, Leah Allers, Caden Armstrong, Gunnar Sizemore, Mona Marshall, Rajia Baroudi and Michael Bell.

French version
 Mika as Mustafa

Release

The film was released on-demand on 19 January 2016, and on Blu-ray/DVD on 2 February 2016.

Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 65% based on 72 reviews, with an average rating of 6.60/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Kahlil Gibran's the Prophet is a thrillingly lovely adaptation of the classic text, albeit one that doesn't quite capture the magic of its source material." Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 61 out of 100 based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Peter Sobczynski of RogerEbert.com gave it three and a half stars out of four and called it "a wildly ambitious and frequently fascinating film that moviegoers of all ages should find both entertaining and provocative in equal measure." Peter Debruge of Variety wrote, "As if it weren't special enough to hear Neeson recite Gibran's sentiments amidst such striking visuals, the addition of music further elevates verses that so many have already committed to memory and which a whole new audience can now discover for the first time." Joe McGovern of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B" grade, saying, "Each one [of the individual sequences] soars (especially clay painter Joan Gratz’s color-bursting snippet, “On Work”), even if the plot holding them together is frustratingly Disneyish." Roger Moore of Movie Nation gave the film three stars out of four and described it in his review as "a lovely work, imbued with all the sweetness a Who’s Who of great animators can give it."

Writing for TheWrap, James Rocchi called the film "well intentioned, but not especially well executed". Matthew Kassel of The Observer gave the film two stars out of four and wrote, "Often, Mustafa’s musings come unbeckoned—and mostly feel pedantic, like a kind of philosophical mansplaining. You get the gist of what he’s saying, but at a certain point—near the third quarter of the film, I’d say—the prophet’s ambiguous words start to grate." In her review for The New York Times, Jeannette Catsoulis described the film as a "collection of eight mini-sermons [that] falls flat."

References

External links

2014 films
2014 animated films
2010s French animated films
2010s American animated films
Qatari drama films
English-language French films
English-language Lebanese films
English-language Qatari films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian animated feature films
Animated films based on fables
Films scored by Gabriel Yared
Films directed by Roger Allers
Films directed by Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi
Films directed by Joann Sfar
Kahlil Gibran
Lebanese animated films
Animated films based on poems
Magic realism films
2010s English-language films
2010s Canadian films
Cartoon Saloon feature films
Animated films set in the Middle East
American animated drama films
Canadian animated drama films
French animated drama films


title: 2014 Orange County Blues FC season

text:
The 2014 Orange County Blues FC season was the club's fifth season of existence, and their fifth season playing in the third division of American soccer, USL Pro.

Roster

as of May 31, 2014

Competitions

USL Pro

Standings

Match results

U.S. Open Cup

References

2014 USL Pro season
Orange County SC seasons
American soccer clubs 2014 season
2014 in sports in California


title: Bauhinia, Queensland

text:
Bauhinia is a rural town in the Central Highlands Region and a rural locality split between the Central Highlands Region and the Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda, both in Queensland, Australia.

Geography
The town is located near the junction of the Dawson Highway and the Fitzroy Developmental Road. The bulk of the locality is within Central Highlands Region, but the south-east of the locality is part of the Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda.

The land use is crop growing around the Zamia Creek in the east and south-east of the locality. Apart from that, the predominant land use is grazing on native vegetation.

History
Bauhinia State School opened on 20 March 1967. In 2017, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary.

In the , Bauhinia had a population of 47 people.

Education
Bauhinia State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 11559 Fitzroy Development Road (). In 2013, the school had 15 students and 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 22 students with 3 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

There are no secondary schools in Bauhinia; the nearest government secondary school is Moura State High School in Moura to the east, but it is sufficiently distant than alternatives would be distance education and boarding school.

Facilities
The Central Highlands Regional Council operates a library at Eulan Downs, Moura,  which is available by appointment only.  The library does not offer internet access.

References

External links

Central Highlands Region
Towns in Queensland
Aboriginal Shire of Woorabinda
Localities in Queensland


title: Touched by an Angel (novel)

text:
Touched by an Angel is a BBC Books original novel written by Jonathan Morris and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Eleventh Doctor, and his Companions Amy Pond and Rory Williams.

The story is about a girl called Rebecca Whitaker who dies in a car crash. Her husband Mark is still grieving years on and when he is sent back in time by a Weeping Angel, he attempts to stop her dying. The Doctor, Amy and Rory track him down and try to stop him before he creates a paradox.

Characters
Eleventh Doctor
Amy Pond
Rory Williams
Mark Whitaker
Rebecca Whitaker
Frank Pollard
Siobhan
Sophie
Lucy
Emma
Anthony
Jenny

Continuity

 The Weeping Angels first appeared in Blink.
 The Doctor claims that the Timey Wimey Detector's ability to boil an egg isn't a side effect, but rather a feature. His previous Incarnation stated that it could cause them to explode in Blink. After its first appearance, it was destroyed in the novel Ghosts of India. This indicates that the Doctor built a new, identical device.
 The method in which the Doctor defeats the Angels echoes how he defeated them in Blink.
 Future Rory is forced to wear a Fez on orders from The Doctor who declares him "Fez Rory". A reference to the Doctor having worn a Fez in The Big Bang.
 The Doctor says that the Weeping Angels "should know better than to put [him] in a trap", a reference from The Time of Angels.
 In this story, the Angels attempt to create a Temporal Paradox to feed on its energy; however, in The Angels Take Manhattan, creating a Paradox is shown to poison and kill the Angels (although the Doctor specifically states that these Angels can feed on the paradox, suggesting that certain Angels can feed on Paradoxes while others can't.
 The Doctor asks Rebecca if he looks like the sort of person that would kidnap a bride, on her wedding day, in a Police Box. His previous incarnation in fact did that to Donna Noble in The Runaway Bride, albeit unintentionally.
 The Sonic Screwdriver is compared to an electric toothbrush, a reference from The Lodger.
 The Blinovitch Limitation Effect from Mawdryn Undead is explored in detail. The two Marks create an energy field simply by being in the same room, and The Doctor uses his Sonic Screwdriver to lessen the effect on future Rory, allowing him to make contact with his past self without consequence.
 The Weeping Angels have access to Psychic Paper introduced in The End of the World, which according to The Doctor, is "child's play" for them.
 The Doctor refers to Mark's letter to himself as a "Sally Sparrow Survival Kit", a reference from Blink.

Releases
 The story was released as an audiobook on 6 CDs read by Clare Corbett.
 Before the company went into administration, the audiobook was available as a download from the AudioGo website.
 This story was also released as an ebook available from the Amazon Kindle store.
 This novel was reprinted and re-released as an ebook by BBC Books on 6 March 2014 as The Monster Collection Edition.

2011 British novels
2011 science fiction novels
Eleventh Doctor novels


title: Microsoft hoax

text:
A Microsoft hoax may refer to:
 A technical support scam where a fraudulent caller impersonates Microsoft or Windows technical support
 The Microsoft acquisition hoax in which a bogus 1994 press release claims Microsoft has acquired the Roman Catholic Church
 jdbgmgr.exe virus hoax, an e-mail spam in 2002 involving a legitimate Microsoft Windows file
 SULFNBK.EXE, an internal component of the Microsoft Windows operating system that was subject of an email hoax in the early 2000s
 iLoo, a 2003 hoax claiming to be a cancelled Microsoft project


title: Ella, Sri Lanka

text:
Ella (; ) is a small town in the Badulla District of Uva Province, Sri Lanka governed by an Urban Council. It is approximately  east of Colombo and is situated at an elevation of  above sea level. The area has a rich bio-diversity, dense with numerous varieties of flora and fauna. Ella is surrounded by hills covered with cloud forests and tea plantations. The town has a cooler climate than surrounding lowlands, due to its elevation. The Ella Gap allows views across the southern plains of Sri Lanka.

Transport

Road
Located on the Colombo-Badulla railway line, and the A16 highway (Beragala-Hali Ela) a part of the Colombo-Badulla road.

Rail
Ella railway station is the 75th station on the Main Line and is located  from Colombo. The station has one platform and all trains running on the Main Line stop at the station. The station opened in July 1918.

Facilities
Notable government institutions are :
 Police station
 Railway station
 Main post office

Attractions

 Dhowa temple, a 2,000-year-old rock temple, is located on the Badulla-Bandarawela Road. It contains a  unfinished Buddha statue carved into the surrounding rock.
 Bambaragala Peak
 Ella Rock, a lookout point
 Little Adam's Peak, a  pyramidal-shaped hill, located to the southeast of the town. Named after the larger Adam's Peak.
 Ravana Ella Falls, a  waterfall, located approximately  away from the town
 Nine Arches Bridge, Demodara
 Diyaluma Falls, a  waterfall
 Yahalamadiththa temple
 Ravana cave
 Nildiya pokuna

Demographics

See also
 Towns in Uva
 History of Uva Province

References

External links

Towns in Badulla District


title: Darkest Hour (album)

text:
Darkest Hour is the eighth album by American metal band Darkest Hour. It was released on August 5, 2014, through Sumerian Records. It is the first album to feature bassist Aaron Deal and drummer Travis Orbin. The album marks their significant departure from their usual melodic death metal sound, instead having a more mainstream approach with elements of metalcore more prominent, with a more upbeat style and many clean vocals placed throughout.  This style has only been utilised on this release to date however, as with the band's next release would see a return to their original style.

Track listing

Digital Deluxe Edition track listing

Personnel
Darkest Hour
 John Henry – vocals
 Mike Schleibaum – rhythm guitar
 Mike "Lonestar" Carrigan – lead guitar
 Aaron Deal – bass
 Travis Orbin – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 Dræmings – additional vocals on "By the Starlight"
 Anton Patzner – string arrangement on "Departure"
 John Connolly – additional guitars, consultation
 Taylor Larson – mastering, mixing, production
 Ernie Slenkovich – engineering, tracking, editing

References

Darkest Hour (band) albums
2014 albums
Sumerian Records albums


title: Bras d'Or Yacht Club

text:
The Bras d'Or Yacht Club is a yacht club in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. It is located on its namesake body of water, the Bras d'Or Lakes. The club was founded in 1904. Among its founding members were Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, H. Percy Blanchard and Arthur Williams McCurdy. The clubhouse was constructed in 1913. Longtime member J.A. McCurdy, while serving as Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, donated the McCurdy Cup to the club. This cup serves as the club championship. Alexander Graham Bell frequently attended club functions and even composed a song about it.

Notable events
Regatta Week -- Annual event since 1913
Canadian Snipe Championships -- 1954, 1965
OK Dinghy Championships -- 1977
National Laser Open -- 1979
National Laser Open Women -- 1982
Hobie Nationals -- 1987, 1992

Notable members
Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
Arthur Williams McCurdy
H. Percy Blanchard
J.A. McCurdy
Casey Baldwin
Thomas Selfridge
Mabel Bell

References

Yacht clubs in Canada
Organizations based in Nova Scotia


title: Mark Serreze

text:
Mark Clifford Serreze (born 1960) is an American geographer and the director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), a project of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. He officially became the NSIDC's director in August 2009. In 2019, he was named a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geography. Serreze is primarily known for his expertise in the Arctic sea ice decline that has occurred over the last few decades due to global warming, a topic about which he has expressed serious concern.

Early life and education
Serreze grew up in Maine, and credits its frequent snowy weather as an inspiration for his interest in studying ice. He received his PhD from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1989.

Views on sea ice and global warming
In 2007, Serreze said that given the increasingly rapid rate at which Arctic ice has been melting, he thought it was "very reasonable" to expect the Arctic to be ice-free by 2030. He also blamed the decline primarily on anthropogenic global warming. Serreze became well known in 2008 when he described the state of Arctic sea ice as being in a "death spiral", and said it could disappear in the summers within several decades. Also that year, when contacted by the Associated Press, Serreze described the state of Arctic sea ice as being at a "tipping point," after which sea ice will plummet rapidly and added that 2007's then-record low sea ice levels were due in part to wind currents and other weather conditions as well as global warming.

In regards to Antarctic sea ice extent, Serreze noted in an interview 2012 that it is known since years that Arctic sea ice vanishes first, and thus it is not a surprise that observations do not show big reductions and Antarctic sea ice doesn't disprove global warming.

Media appearances
In 2006 he was featured in the Discovery Channel documentary Global Warming: What You Need to Know.

See also
Climate change in the Arctic

Publications
 Serreze, Mark C. (2018) Brave New Arctic: The Untold Story of the Melting North. Princeton University Press. .

References

Living people
1960 births
American geographers
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
University of Colorado Boulder faculty


title: Pacific Northwest PGA Championship

text:
The Pacific Northwest PGA Championship is a golf tournament that is the championship of the Pacific Northwest section of the PGA of America, which includes Oregon, Washington, northern Idaho, western Montana, and Alaska. The tournament began  in 1934 and has been played annually.

Jeff Coston, who played on the PGA Tour in the 1980s, holds the record with seven Pacific Northwest PGA victories from 1997 to 2010.  PGA Tour winners who have also won the Pacific Northwest PGA Championship include Ed "Porky" Oliver (eight-time PGA tour winner), Charles Congdon (two-time PGA tour winner), Pat Fitzsimons, and Don Bies.

Winners

^ Prior to 1999, Sahalee Country Club (1972, 1974) was in unincorporated King County, with a Redmond address.

References

External links
PGA of America – Pacific Northwest section
Past Champions/PNW PGA Professional Championship (PPC)

Golf in Washington (state)
Golf in Oregon
Golf in Montana
Golf in Idaho
PGA of America sectional tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1934
1934 establishments in Washington (state)


title: 2015 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup

text:
The 2015 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup was the fifth edition of the EAFF Women's East Asian Cup, an international women's football tournament organised by the East Asian Football Federation. Nine of ten EAFF member nations entered the tournament. Only Mongolia did not participate.

Rounds

Preliminary round 1
All matches were held in Guam (UTC+10).

Hosts Guam advanced to the next round with two wins.

Awards

Preliminary round 2
All matches were held in Taiwan (UTC+8).

Awards

Goals
6 goals

 Jeon Ga-eul
 Lee Jung-eun

5 goals

 Yeo Min-ji

3 goals

 Ji So-yun

2 goals

 Tan Wen-lin
 Yu Hsiu-chin
 Kay Fung

1 goals

 Lai Li-chin
 Lin Ya-han
 Wong Shuk Fan
 Kim Do-yeon
 Kim Hye-ri
 Kim Hye-yeong
 Kwon Hah-nul
 Park Hee-young
 Yoo Young-a

Final round

Squads

Match officials
Referees

  Casey Reibelt
  Thein Aye
  Pannipar Kamnueng
  Mai Hoàng Trang

Assistant referees

  Renae Coghill
  Widiya Shamsuri
  Rohaidah Mohamed Nasir
  Praphaiphit Tarik
  Liu Hsiu-mei

Matches
The final stage was held in Wuhan, China on 1 to 8 August 2015.
Venue: China
Date: 1 – 8 August 2015
All times listed are local (UTC+8).

Awards

Goals

3 goals

 Ra Un-sim

2 goals

 Ami Sugita
 Ri Ye-gyong
 Wi Jong-sim

1 goals

 Li Dongna
 Wang Shanshan
 Emi Nakajima
 Kumi Yokoyama
 Rika Masuya
 Kim Yun-mi
 Yun Song-mi
 Cho So-hyun
 Jeon Ga-eul
 Jung Seol-bin

Final ranking

Per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-out are counted as draws.

References

External links
East Asian Football Federation
EAFF Women's East Asian Cup on Women's Soccer United

2015 EAFF Women's East Asian Cup
2015 in Asian football
2015 in Chinese football
2015 in South Korean football
2015 in Taiwanese football
2015 in Guamanian sports
2015 in Japanese women's football
2015 in North Korean football
2014 in Macau football
2014–15 in Hong Kong football
2015
2014–15 in Guamanian football


title: Aimée Beekman

text:
Aimée Beekman ( Malla; born 20 April 1933) is an Estonian writer noted in her country for several books said to present realistic depictions of modern life. Amongst her works is Valikuvõimalus (English: An Opportunity for Choice), which involves a woman's unconventional attempt at family life.

Personal life
Born in Tallinn, she was married to Vladimir Beekman.

References

External links
 Aimée Beekman at Estonian Writers' Online Dictionary

1933 births
Living people
Writers from Tallinn
Estonian women novelists
Estonian children's writers
Estonian women children's writers
20th-century Estonian novelists
20th-century Estonian women writers
Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography alumni
Honoured Writers of the Estonian SSR
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples


title: Fairmont Butte

text:
Fairmont Butte is a butte of volcanic origins in the Antelope Valley just west of the City of Lancaster, California in Los Angeles County. Summit elevation is 3,130 feet above sea level. Parts of Fairmont Butte are situated within the boundaries of Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve.

During construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, the City of Los Angeles found deposits of Tuff at Fairmont Butte that closely resembled German Trass and Italian Pozzolana and was an ideal ingredient to blend and use in the production of cement. The City constructed a quarry and regrinding plant at the base of Fairmont Butte to excavate the tuff, grind and blend it with Portland cement which was used in the construction of the aqueduct's Mojave conduit.

See also
Natural history of the Mojave Desert

References

Gallery

Antelope Valley
Geography of Palmdale, California
Landforms of Kern County, California
Buttes of California


title: Midnight ('68 EP)

text:
Midnight is the debut EP from the American noise rock band '68. The album was originally self-released by the band online in December 2013 as a 7" vinyl record. Lead singer and guitarist Josh Scogin estimated that the original pressing of 1,500 copies sold out in about 8 or 9 hours. It was reissued by No Sleep Records on April 1, 2014 with new cover art parodying Nirvana's 1989 debut album, Bleach.

Track listing
 "Three is a Crowd" – 2:42
 "Third Time is a Charm" – 3:30

Personnel
 Michael McClellan – drums
 Josh Scogin – vocals, guitar

References

External links
 Midnight at Bandcamp

2013 EPs
'68 (band) EPs


title: John R. Fesler

text:
John Roush Fesler (November 16, 1835 - February 19, 1920) was a Union Army officer from Xenia, Ohio, that fought in the American Civil War.

Early life
John Roush Fesler was born on November 16, 1835, in Xenia, Greene County, Ohio to William Fesler and Charity Elizabeth Roush or Rausch. John moved to Indiana and in 1859 married Harriett Louisa Fish at Mooresville, in Morgan County, Indiana.

American Civil War
When the American Civil War began in 1861, Fesler sided with the Union. On August 30, 1861, he enlisted into the Union Army at Morgantown, Indiana. Fesler was made the Captain of Company G in the 27th Indiana Infantry Regiment. Fesler commanded his company at the Battle of First Winchester and at the Battle of Cedar Mountain. In 1862, Fesler's Regiment was assigned to the 12th Army Corps, in which it would remain throughout 1863. Fesler then commanded his company during the Battle of Antietam, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862. His regiment spent the winter of 1862 to 1863 camped at Stafford Courthouse, Virginia, and on February 13, 1863, Fesler was promoted Lieutenant Colonel of the 27th Indiana. In March 1863, the 12th Corps, of which the 27th Indiana was a part, was issued a star as its corps badge. On May 5, 1863, Fesler was wounded in action during the Battle of Chancellorsville, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. He then temporarily commanded the 27th Indiana from July 2-3, 1863 during the Battle of Gettysburg when the colonel of the regiment was placed in command of its brigade. Fesler and his regiment then took part in quelling the New York City Draft Riots later that month.

In early 1864, Fesler's regiment was transferred to the new 20th Army Corps, which retained the old corps badge of the 12th. Now as part of the 20th Corps, Fesler and the 27th took part in the Atlanta campaign, fighting at the Battle of Resaca and at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. He again commanded the regiment at the Battle of Peachtree Creek on July 20, 1864, when the colonel was wounded. Fesler and the 27th Indiana mustered out in November 1864.

Later life
After the Civil War, Fesler returned to Indiana, where he was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic (the G.A.R.), an organization of Union veterans of the Civil War. John Fesler and Harriet Fish had six children. They were: May Fesler (1860-1862), William Fesler (1865-1920), Bert Fesler (1867-1947), Emile Fesler (1870-1904), Charles Fesler (1872-1924) and Clara Fesler (1879-1927). John Roush Fesler died on February 19, 1920, in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was 84 years of age.

References

1835 births
1920 deaths
People from Xenia, Ohio
People of Indiana in the American Civil War
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Union Army officers


title: Oscar Martínez (actor)

text:
Oscar Martínez (born October 23, 1949) is an Argentine actor, author and theatre director. He received the Premio Konex de Platino in 1991 for his film work, and again in 2001 for his work as a theatre actor. He also received the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 73rd Venice Film Festival for his role in the comedy-drama The Distinguished Citizen.

Filmography

Television

Theater

Movies

References

1949 births
Living people
Volpi Cup for Best Actor winners


title: Rhododendron subg. Choniastrum

text:
Rhododendron subg. Choniastrum is a subgenus of the genus Rhododendron, originally a section of subgenus Azaleastrum it was elevated to subgenus rank after cladistic analysis revealed that together with Rhododendron it formed a major clade, distinct from other sections of Azaleastrum.

The subgenus includes eleven species, including;

 Rhododendron championae
 Rhododendron hancockii
 Rhododendron latoucheae
 Rhododendron moulmainense
 Rhododendron stamineum

References

Bibliography

Choniastrum
Plant subgenera
Taxa named by Adrien René Franchet


title: Medical Care (journal)

text:
Medical Care is a peer-reviewed public health journal that covers the field of health care. The editors-in-chief are Catarina Kiefe and Jeroan J. Allison (University of Massachusetts Medical School). It was established in 1963 and is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. It is the official journal of the Medical Care Section of the American Public Health Association.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 3.081, ranking it 15th out of 89 journals in the category "Health Care Sciences and Services".

References

External links

 24x7 Home Care Services

English-language journals
Healthcare journals
Monthly journals
Academic journals established in 1963
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins academic journals


title: Hollyhill Hummingbird Farm

text:
Hollyhill Hummingbird Farm, a 501(c)(3) Nonprofit corporation, is an educational farm located in Santa Rosa, California. Its focus is on biodynamics, sustainability, and the ethical treatment of life.

About
The Farm was founded in 2011, by Dave West, an aerospace engineer. The original location of the farm was at the corner of Rainbow Dr and Bubb Rd in Cupertino, California. The farm moved in 2015 to Santa Rosa, California.

Hollyhill Hummingbird Farm's symbol of a hummingbird comes from the philosophy of symbiosis. The Farm grows fruit, vegetables, nuts, herbs, and grains with the help of community volunteers.

References

Farms in California
Non-profit organizations based in California
Cupertino, California
Buildings and structures in Santa Clara County, California


title: Óscar Martínez (presenter)

text:
Óscar Martínez (born 1 June 1976 in Madrid) is a Spanish TV presenter. Since September 2012 he also hosts the Night Show of radio station  and he was the host of Miss Spain.

References

1976 births
Living people
Mass media people from Madrid
Beauty pageant hosts
21st-century Spanish people