title: 20 Once Again

text:
20 Once Again (Chinese: 重返20岁 Chóng fǎn èrshí suì) is the 2015 Chinese comedy film directed by Leste Chen and starring Yang Zishan, Gua Ah-leh, Bolin Chen and Lu Han. The film is a Chinese-Korean co-produced remake of Miss Granny.  It was released on January 8, 2015.

Plot
Shen Meng Jun (Gua Ah-leh) is a crotchety prideful 70-year-old widow who frequently finds fault with everyone around her. She takes pride in her ability to raise her son single-handedly, despite the poverty during the Cultural Revolution, to become a professor of a prestigious university. She shows her bias towards her grandson Xiang Qian Jin (Lu Han) because he aspires to become a musician and he represents a dream that Meng Jun cannot achieve herself. However, she had no opportunity to be a singer. Although kind to her grandson, she is very critical towards both her daughter-in-law, Yang Qin (Yijuan Li), and granddaughter, Xin Ran (Yin Hang), who openly treats Meng Jun with contempt for the way she treats her mother. This leads to Yang Qin fainting due to the pressure placed on her. After this incident, the family decides it's time for her to go to a nursing home. Feeling forlorn, she wanders the streets and impulsively decides to take a final portrait at a photo studio she happens by. Upon leaving, to her astonishment she realizes that she has been transformed back into her 20-year-old self. Given a magical second chance at youth, she changes her name to Meng Li Jun (Yang Zishan).

After Meng Jun's transformation, she decides to keep her new identity a secret. She begins by renting a room from her trusted friend and past servant, Li Dahai (Deshun Wang). Later, while accompanying Dahai to the senior recreation center, she meets her long-time rival, a flirty senior woman. There, they had an epic singing battle, in which Li Jun wins. Li Jun captured the crowd's heart with her voice. While singing, a music director enters and offers her a chance of a lifetime.

Cast
Yang Zishan as young Meng Li Jun
 Gua Ah-leh as 70yr old Meng Li Jun/Shen Meng Jun
Seventy-year-old Li Jun becomes a youth again after visiting a mysterious photo studio. She joins her family and re-experiences the meaning of love, family and music. When Xiang Qian Jin gets into an accident, only she has the same blood type as him and can save his life. She likes Tan Zhi Ming in the end.
Lu Han as Xiang Qian Jin
The grandson of Li Jun, he is pampered by his grandmother. He aspires to be a singer one day and gets the help of his youthful grandmother who helps fulfil his dreams. Not knowing that Li Jun is his grandmother, he starts developing feelings for her. In the end, when he met with a car accident only his grandmother matched his blood type.
Chen Bolin as Tan Zhi Ming
Zhi Ming is a musical director who sees potential in Qian Jin and his band. He develops feelings with Li Jun after working with her band.
Wang Deshun as Li Da Hai
Da Hai was Li Jun's lover as a youth. He continues to hold feelings for Li Jun and is the only one who discovers that Li Jun had become 20 again.
Zhao Lixin as Xiang Guo Bin
The son of Meng Li Jun who is a professor at a university. He has a wife in Qin and two children: a son, Qian Jin and a daughter, Xin Ran. He wanted to send his own mother to the Nursing Home.
Li Yijuan as Yang Qin
The wife of Guo Bin, mother of Qian Jin and Xin Ran and daughter-in-law of Meng Li Jun.
Yin Hang as Xiang Xin Ran
The daughter of Guo Bin and Yang Qin and sister to Qian Jin. The granddaughter of Meng Li Jun who treats her with contempt due to the stress she had put her mother through. It's because of this, Li Jun doesn't get along with Xin Ran and often criticize her for her disrespect.
Zhou Yutong as Xiao Mei

Production
Principal photography began in June 2014.

Reception

Box office
By February 8, 2015, the film had earned over US$59.01 million in China. The film had a worldwide total of US$59,396,311 in box office, setting the box office record for Chinese-Korean co-produced films.

Awards and nominations

References

External links

2015 films
2015 comedy-drama films
Chinese comedy-drama films
Films directed by Leste Chen
Chinese remakes of South Korean films
2010s Mandarin-language films
Miss Granny


title: List of earthquakes in 1926

text:
This is a list of earthquakes in 1926. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. A fairly active year, with Greece, Dutch East Indies, and the Solomon Islands experiencing many large events. In spite of this the death toll was relatively low.

Overall

By death toll

 Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

 Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

References

1926

1926
1926-related lists


title: TATA Kestrel

text:
The TATA Kestrel, also known as the IPMV  (Infantry Protected Mobility Vehicle), is a family of armoured personnel carriers developed by Tata Advanced Systems and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It was developed to replace Soviet-era BMP-1 and BMP-2 and APCs in service with the Indian Army.

History
The Indian Army currently has large fleet of BMP-1, BMP-2, and various types of APCs of Soviet origin. Over time, these vehicles have become obsolete and incapable of taking on the challenge of modern-day warfare. At the same time many superior designs have evolved in Western nations. Tata Motors and DRDO developed the Kestrel vehicle in partnership with Supacat to meet army requirements.

The vehicle was first shown at the Defexpo 2014 convention, showing a Kongsberg PROTECTOR MCT-30R turret and a M151 Remote Weapon Station equipped with Javelin.

In October 2019, the Indian Ministry of Defence cleared the Kestrel for production and export to friendly nations. The Indian Army planned to acquire 200 Kestrels.

Operational history
As tensions continue to escalate between India and China over the de facto Line of Actual Control, DRDO-TATA Kestrel (WhAP), landed at Ladakh to undergo cold-weather trials. The first batch of WhAP's were inducted into the army on 12 April 2022.

WhAP is also being delivered to Central Reserve Police Force.

Design

Development of WhAP 8 × 8 Amphibious Wheeled Armoured Vehicle was taken up to provide common platform for various vehicle type like Wheeled APC, 30 mm Infantry Combat Vehicle, 105 mm Light Tank, command post vehicle, ambulance, special purpose platform, 120 mm mortar carrier, CBRN Vehicle based on the same chassis of Kestrel.

Kestrel is designed for modern day warfare keeping in mind the crew survivability, protection against small arms fire, mobility and protection against concealed explosives. The armour is made up of applique and composites along with welded steels. Additional armour kit can be applied in heavy firing zones. The hull floor is further strengthened to defeat mines and similar explosives. The seats are attached to the roof for improved blast protection. Fuel tanks are placed outside the troop compartment for additional safety.

The 8X8 wheel configuration is set on a hydropneumatic suspension utilizing double wishbone arrangement. All wheels have run flat capability to allow the vehicle to move even after suffering punctures.  There are four axles, the front axle is steerable which minimizes the turning radius of the vehicle.

The glacis plate is very shallow, and the fuel tank is mounted outside the vehicle to improve survivability.  A standard operating crew of two including driver and commander, with a full mechanized squad of 12 members. Anti-blast seats are installed to absorb any shocks and secondary slams, reducing brain and spinal injuries.

Engine is placed at front left. Passengers are placed in the centerline in a back-to-back fashion, each facing a firing port.The Kestrel has high power-to-weight ratio for mountainous terrain and is powered by a 600hp turbocharged diesel engine. The vehicle is fully amphibious, propelled by two waterjets. It can reach up to 100 km/h.

The vehicle has been designed to provide protection against land mines. It ranges from Stanag 4569 Level I to Level IV with the hull being designed with protection up to Stanag Level III. The hull configuration evolved follows a 'V’-type bottom with double configuration consisting of an inner panel and bottom panel. The bottom panel is designed to deflect the blast energy and get deformed to minimize the blast effects.

Snap-on modules are used in the Kestrel in order to easily configure it according to needed roles in the field.

Weapons
The standard turret installation can accommodate a roof-mounted remote controlled Kongsberg Protector MCT-30R(RWS), which is outfitted with a 30mm autocannon. It has an effective range of 3,000m. The turret also has a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun.

The RCWS adds a heavy 12.7mm machine gun or a 40mm automatic grenade launcher. It also has option for adding up to two anti-tank guided missile launcher in quick fire mode. So, the vehicle is capable of countering enemy infantry, light armoured vehicles even main battle tanks.

In the 2016 Defexpo convention, a Kestrel was seen outfitted with the BMP-2 turret. Its known as the WhAP (Wheeled Amphibious Platform).

Variant
Planned variants include ambulance, NBC recon, Command Post and engineer vehicle.

Operators

 Indian Army
 Central Reserve Police Force

References

External links

Armoured personnel carriers of India
Tata vehicles
Eight-wheeled vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s
Amphibious armoured personnel carriers
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers
Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period
Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles


title: A Voice in the Dark

text:
A Voice in the Dark may refer to:

"A Voice in the Dark" (song), a 2010 single by Blind Guardian
A Voice in the Dark, a track on the 2008 album Forever Magic by Fancy
A Voice in the Dark (comic), an ongoing horror/thriller comic book series by Larime Taylor
A Voice in the Dark (film), an American 1921 silent mystery film directed by Frank Lloyd

See also
Voices in the Dark, a compilation DVD set for Babylon 5: The Lost Tales
Voices in the Dark, a Broadway play by John Pielmeier


title: Yang Zishan

text:
Yang Zishan (, born 6 November 1986) is a Chinese actress. She is known for her breakout role in the film So Young, which won her the Huabiao Award for Outstanding New Actress and the Best Actress awards at the 5th China Image Film Festival and the 5th International Chinese Film Festival. Her outstanding performance in So Young also earned her nominations for best actress for the Golden Rooster Award, the Hundred Flowers Award, and at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival. In 2015, she won the Best Actress Award at the Shanghai International Film Festival for her performance in 20 Once Again. In 2017, She starred in Walking Past the Future, the only Chinese film to be nominated for the Un Certain Regard at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, and the science fiction thriller Battle of Memories. In 2018, she starred in Till the End of the World, the first film in history to shoot in Antarctica. In 2020, her film Wuhai premiered at the 68th San Sebastian Film Festival where it competed for the Golden Shell. In 2021, her film Ripples of Life premiered at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival. In 2023, Yang Zishan was appointed the jury member of the 25th Shanghai International Film Festival Golden Goblet Award.

Filmography

Film

Television series

Discography

Personal life
Yang married actor Matt Wu in 2015. They met while starring in 7-minute romantic drama in Taiwan as part of the 2011 web series Female Zodiac Stories.

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Actresses from Jiangsu
Actresses from Nanjing
21st-century Chinese actresses
Living people
1986 births
Chinese film actresses
Chinese television actresses


title: Ronald Kwemoi

text:
Ronald Chebolei Kwemoi  (; born 19 September 1995) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in cross country running and track running events. He specialises in the 1500 metres and holds a personal best of 3:28.81 minutes set at Herculis on July 18, 2014.  The time is a world junior record.  He was the 2014 Kenyan champion in the event. He was a team silver medallist at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.

Career
Hailing from Mount Elgon District, Kwemoi ended his schooling in 2009 as his family could not afford the fees. He began training as a runner under coach Godwill Kipruto and around 2011 moved to Iten, a well-known centre for running in Kenya. He made his first impact as a runner at national level at the age of seventeen. He took his first victory on the Athletics Kenya circuit in Kericho. In February 2013 he entered the Kenyan junior cross country championships and won the race by six seconds. His win—on his national debut—was an upset as he was unknown beforehand and beat the more favoured Leonard Barsoton and Conseslus Kipruto, a world junior champion. This led to his international debut for Kenya and he placed ninth in the junior race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Although he was beaten by his compatriots Barsoton and Kipruto at the event, his placing meant Kenya shared in the team silver medals behind Ethiopia.

After his cross country performances, he travelled to Japan and trained in track events. That season, he won a 1500 metres in with a best of 3:45.39 minutes and set a best of 13:41.99 minutes for the 5000 metres. He joined up with the Komori corporate running team in 2014 and focused on the 1500 m. He won his opening race of that year at the Kanaguri Memorial, improving to 3:42.45 minutes, then improved again to win at the Hyogo Relays. Wins at the East Japan championship and North Rift Valley championship preceded his first Kenyan national title, which he won in Nairobi in 3:34.6 minutes – knocking eight seconds off his previous best. He extended his unbeaten streak in the 1500 m at the Athletissima 2014 Diamond League meeting – there he caused an upset by winning in 3:31.48 minutes to beat world championship medallists Silas Kiplagat, Matt Centrowitz and Abdalaati Iguider. His time was the fastest by a junior (under-20) athlete for nearly ten years and placed him fourth on the all-time junior lists.

In what was called one of the greatest races in the history of the 1500 metres, Kwemoi was an up close spectator to a world record attempt by Asbel Kiprop at the 2014 Herculis meet in Monaco.  The record attempt failed but turned into a highly competitive race, with 9 athletes setting personal bests.  While Silas Kiplagat ended up beating Kiprop in 3:27.64, coming from sixth place with 200 to go to finish a few steps behind in third, Kwemoi improved his personal best and improved upon the world junior record with a 3:28.81.  The time also tied Mo Farah as the number 7 1500 metres of all time.  See the race

From the beginning of 2016 he went under the coaching of the Italian Renato Canova, looking for moving to the longer distance of 5000m.

Personal bests
1500 metres – 3:28.81 min (2014)
Mile – 3:49.04 min (2017)
3000 metres – 7:28.73 min (2017)
5000 metres – 13:16.14 min (2015)
10000 metres – 27:33.94 min (2016)

International competition record

References

External links

Living people
1995 births
Kenyan male middle-distance runners
Kenyan male long-distance runners
People from Mount Elgon District
Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Kenya
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Kenya
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Kenyan male cross country runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Kenya
Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games


title: Vaglierano

text:
Vaglierano is a frazione (and parish) of the municipality of Asti, in Piedmont, northern Italy.

Overview

It is a village on a hill between the valleys of Borbore and Tanaro.

History
Since 1929 Vaglierano was a separate comune; in that year it was aggregated to the municipality of Asti by the Royal charter n. 736 of March 28, 1929.

References

External links

Frazioni of the Province of Asti
Former municipalities of the Province of Asti


title: Nagayathippa

text:
Nagayatippa is a village in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mopidevi mandal of Machilipatnam revenue division.

See also
Villages in Mopidevi mandal

References

Villages in Krishna district


title: Rudy Rasmus

text:
Rudy Rasmus is a pastor, author, and humanitarian. He co-pastors the St. John's United Methodist Church located in downtown Houston with his wife Juanita. St. John's began with nine members in 1992, and is now one of the most culturally diverse congregations in the country.

Career
Rasmus was a monthly contributor to Oprah Winfrey's O Magazine and has recently completed a doctorate at United Theological Seminary. He is a 2008 gospel music industry Stellar Award nominee for the music project "Touch" and is the author of three books, including Jesus Insurgency with coauthor Dottie Escobedo-Frank (Abingdon Publishing, Nashville), and Touch: Pressing against the wounds of a broken world (Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville). His latest book is entitled Love.Period – When all else fails.

Rasmus founded a nonprofit corporation, the Bread of Life, Inc. with his wife in December 1992 and began serving dinners to the homeless in the sanctuary at St. John's. The organization provides an array of services to homeless men and women seven nights a week in the Bread of Life facility on the St. John's campus. The project provides hot meals to the homeless and distributes over 9 tons of fresh food weekly to hungry families. Thanks to generous support from collaborations with local and national partners and significant donations over the years from Tina, Beyoncé, and Solange Knowles, Pastor Rudy has completed over $30 million in housing development projects for the previously homeless in Downtown Houston. The Temenos CDC portfolio includes the Knowles-Temenos Apartments, a 43-unit Single Room Occupancy development, the 80-unit Temenos II Apartments both designed to provide permanent living accommodations for formerly homeless individuals, and the Temenos III Apartments designed for chronic inebriates and the most vulnerable homeless individuals in the Houston community. Eighteen years ago Kelly Rowland teamed up with Beyoncé and Tina Knowles to build the Knowles-Rowland Center for Youth where community empowerment activities for the young and old take place every week. The facility is currently serves as a distribution center meeting the needs weekly of Houstonians in need. Most recently Pastor Rudy teamed up with Tina and Beyoncé to help 100,000 flood victims in the wake of Hurricane Harvey in Houston. Rudy's most recent project is aimed at developing a boarding school for young men who are aging out of foster care. Today, with a focus on social impact investing, the Bread of Life owns and operates the Amazing KMAZ 102.5fm radio station where Rudy can be heard throughout the week on his program "The Love Revolution."

St. John's provides HIV/AIDS testing to churchgoers on Sundays through the "Get Tested Project." After many years of service to the community, Pastor Rudy received the Jefferson Award at a ceremony in Washington, DC in 2009. For years Pastor Rudy coordinated domestic and global anti-hunger initiatives in conjunction with Beyoncé’s concert tours and travels extensively developing food programs around the world for people experiencing food insufficiency.

Personal life
Rasmus and his wife Juanita have been married for 34 years. They have two daughters.

References

External links
The work of the people
 Houston area pastor works with Beyonce
 Column offers advice for ethical quandaries-NPR
 Beyoncé's pastor Rudy Rasmus talks about his new book Love.Period

21st-century Methodist ministers
American humanitarians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people


title: Parshwanath Upadhye

text:
Parshwanath Upadhye is an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and teacher. He is trained in the traditional Mysore style of Bharatanatyam.

Along with his wife Shruti, Parshwanath choreographs, directs, produces and presents his work at national and international venues under the banner of Upadhye School of Dance and Punyah Dance company, Bangalore, India.

Education and training
Parshwanath Upadhye has studied for 15 years in the traditional Mysore style of Bharathanatyam under the guidance of Guru Shri Ravindra Sharma of Belgaum. He completed his Arangetram in the year 1996.

He continued his sadhana  with the Guru at Ravind Natya Niketa, Belgaum till the year 2002.  He completed his Visharad in Bharatnatyam from Akhil Bharatiya Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal in 1993-94 followed by Alankaara in Bharatnatyam from the same University in the year 2000-2003. He also excelled in the Vidwath Examination in Bharatnatyam conducted by Karnataka Secondary Education Board, Bangalore.

In 1996 he participated in the ‘Karanas’ Workshop conducted by the eminent dancer Guru Dr.Padma Subramanyam at Mangalore. He also had the opportunity to explore  Folk music and Dance in the festivals conducted by Bailhongal Janapada Sangha, Karnataka in 1994 -96.

Since 2002 Parshwanath Upadhye learnt from dancer duo, Shri Kiran Subramanyam and Smt.Sandhya Kiran at ‘Rasika Academy of performing Arts,’ Bangalore. Now he continues to learn and explore the art form under Padmashri Prof. Sudharani Raghupathy.

Performances and Presentations

Since 1996 Parshwanath Upadhye has danced and participated in numerous festivals and stages in India and abroad.

From 2012 on, he has been choreographing, directing, producing and presenting under Punyah Dance Company Bangalore. Among the works presented at national and international venues are Hara, Sat-gati, Paartha, Punyah Krishna and Abha.

Critical reception

"There are many perfect performers; but very few who can create magic and still less who dance like the gods. Parshwanath Upadhye belongs to the latter class. He has an electrifying persona and stage presence and there is a vein of spirituality that runs through his dance whatever be the content."

-Ranee Kumar, The Hindu

"Upadhye’s interpretation of a devotee’s adoration of Shiva, more specifically at the famous Chidambaram temple, was a sight to behold. His performance was both athletic and graceful. His high kicks, leaps and knee turns did not come at the cost of nuances such as beautifully articulated mudras or clarity of movement in his adavus (basic bharatanatyam dance steps). To top it all off, he kept up the intensity of the dance until the very end, building a sense of crescendo. There were quite a few audible sighs in the audience, who were clearly moved when the devotee was granted audience by Lord Shiva."

-Aparita Bhandari, The Dance Current, Canada's Dance Magazine

"We know Parshwanath Upadhye as a Bharatanatyam soloist from Bangalore[...]. What we were not aware of is that he is a choreographer, and a brilliant one at that. At Kartik Fine Arts, ‘Hara,’ by Parshwanath’s Punyah Dance Company, was a stunning 55-minute production that combined precision in dance movements, perfect timing, layered music, deft visualisation and effective lighting."

- Rupa Srikanth, The Hindu

"For a dancer with a keen sense of rhythm like Parshwanath Upadhye, there is almost no equal in the field. He is the uncrowned prince of the Bharatanatyam scene today and his Facebook page has more followers than those of some minor Bollywood stars"

-Veejay Sai, culture critic

"Parshwanath Upadhye was remarkable both for his striking combination of tandava energy with gentle lasya grace. His dancing demonstrated high technical virtuosity in movement along with a fluidity, precision, and beautiful expression."

-Dr. Ketu H Katrak, Professor of Drama, University of California, Irvine

"Parshwanath's choreography lacks dramatic arc. His face is not emotive and he masks this cleverly with great physicality. Beautifully executed with interesting exits and entrances, the music is typically BENGALURU LITE - a soft-light music-wafting of Carnatic ragas. Against this, the trio's nonstop movement seemed to be a tad too monotonous. The precision, dynamic partnering and team work were admirable. However, after 50 minutes of this endless movement, I longed for some quiet and measured stillness..

-Dr Anita Ratnam, Jan 1, 2019, Anita says...,

"Parshwanath Upadhye needs to bring more gravitas into his Bharatanatyam abhinaya, than the present superficial mime narratives that seem to be his choice. More like theatre, he keeps spinning narratives which lack in-depth treatment, as seen in Baro Krishnaiyyaa and the other composition devoted to Goddess Chamudeswari, where the over spun Kalidasa episode became more like a digression. The starting Hamsadhwani invocation from the Mysore Bharatanatyam repertoire and the Balamurali Krishna Gati Bhed Priya Tillana in Adi talam showed the dancer’s grasp over nritta. With his Yoga expertise, Upadhye moves with ease.

- Leela Venkataraman, Renowned Dance Critic"

The above review appeared in the article

"While the theme was good, several aspects of the presentation required thinking. The whole piece was relying heavily on the Sanskrit text and less on dance. The actual dance sequences were far and few. Cluttering too many episodes with a text heavy performance also seemed to slow down the energy of the presentation.

- Veejay Sai, culture critic, Nov 6, 2017, Celebrating the Nartak"

Awards and accolades

Parshwanath Upadhye has received several national awards, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi’s Yuva Puraskar award in 2017. He is also an empanelled artist of the ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations).

List of awards
1. Natya Mayura Award by Gangubai Hangal Trust, Karnataka

2. Arsha Kala Choodamani by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, New Jersey, USA

3. Uttam Kalakaar by Mahamastakaabhisheka Committee, Shravanabelgola
4. Nritya Nipuna by Belli Gajje, Bangalore
5. Arihant Puraskar by Jain Parishat, Kolkata
6. Jain Rashtragaurav by Jain Parishat, Karnataka
7. Natya Keerthi by Aru Shri art centre, Colombo, Sri Lanka
8. CCRT Scholarships for pursuing studies in Bharatnatyam by Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India
9. Natya Prabha award by The Sabha Kuwait 2016
10. Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar 2017 by Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi
11. Awarded as the best performer of the year 2017 by Music Academy, Chennai

12. "Kala Kiran puraskar" by Adithya Birla foundation Mumbai 2018

13."Rasika Hridaya Chora" by Sridevi Natyalaya Chennai 2018

Teaching

Parshwanath Upadhye started teaching Bharatanatyam in 1996 when he established the Sharada Sangeetha Nrithya Academy, Belgaum, of which he was also the Director till the year 2000.

In 2010 he established the Upadhye School of Dance in Bangalore of which he is the Director, Chief Choreographer and Performer .

References

Performers of Indian classical dance
Living people
Indian male dancers
1982 births
Dancers from Karnataka
People from Belgaum


title: Shigeru Fujita

text:
was a career military officer and lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

Biography
Fujita was born in  Hiroshima Prefecture, where his father was also a career Japanese Army officer. He attended military preparatory elementary school in Hiroshima and high school in Tokyo, and graduated from the 23rd class of then Imperial Japanese Army Academy in May 1911, and served as a junior officer in a cavalry regiment.  In 1921 he became a company commander, and after attended Cavalry School, was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Brigade. He was promoted to major in 1928 and captain in March 1935. In 1935, Fujita served as aide d'camp to Prince Kan'in Kotohito.

In July 1938, he was assigned command of the IJA 28th Cavalry Regiment and was dispatched to China for combat operations during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In March 1940, as commander of the IJA 15th Cavalry Regiment, he was assigned to patrols of the Nanjing area. In July 1941, he was assigned command of the IJA 2nd Cavalry Brigade and was promoted to major general in October of the same year.

In December, he returned to Japan to take command of the Urawa garrison in Urawa, Saitama. However, as the war drew to an end, he was recalled to combat duty and became commander of the IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade. He was promoted to lieutenant general in March 1945.

His final command was that of the IJA 59th Division in Shandong Province, China. The 59th Division was ordered to withdraw from China without being replaced, fighting  continue rear guard action. During that time, a scorched earth policy was extensively used, during which the division committed numerous atrocities, like using civilians to clear minefields, and the mass killing of civilians. It also resorted to the use of chemical warfare and possibly biological warfare during its retreat, The last battalions of the 59th Division arrived in Hamhung, Korea in early July 1945.

Fujita was apprehended by Soviet forces in Hamhung on the surrender of Japan in August 1945 and was sent as a prisoner of war to Siberia. In July 1950 he was transferred to the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in the People's Republic of China and in June 1956, more than 10 years after the end of the war, he was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment for war crimes, based largely on a series of confessions he made under duress in August 1954. In September 1957, he was released, and in April 1958 he was repatriated to Japan. From October 1960 until his death in 1980 he served as chairman of the Association of Returnees from China.

References

External links

   Fujita Shige crimes against humanity confession Japanese text, page seventh
            Fujita Shige self in English versions

Footnotes

1889 births
1980 deaths
Military personnel from Hiroshima Prefecture
Imperial Japanese Army generals of World War II
Members of the Kwantung Army
Japanese human subject research
Siberian internees
Japanese people convicted of war crimes
People extradited from the Soviet Union
People extradited to China
Prisoners and detainees of China


title: Toguz korgol

text:
Toguz korgool () or togyzkumalak (), is a two-player game in the mancala family that is played in Central Asia.

Board
The game is played on a board with two rows of nine holes. There are two "kazna"  between these rows, which are used to collect captured stones of each user, separately. At the beginning there are nine stones in each hole, except the kazna, which are empty, so players need a total of 162 stones.

Game start

The board sides are labeled as black and white. The player sitting on the white side starts the game.

Game play

Players move alternately. A move consists of taking stones from a hole and distributing them to other holes. On his/her turn, a player takes all the stones of one of his holes, which is not a tuz (see below), and distributes them anticlockwise, one by one, into the following holes. The first stone must be dropped into the hole which was just emptied. However, if the move began from a hole which contained only one stone, this stone is put into the next hole.

If the last stone falls into a hole on the opponent's side, and this hole then contains an even number of stones, these stones are captured and stored in the player's kazna. If the last stone falls into a hole of the opponent, which then has three stones, the hole is marked as a "tuz" ("salt" in Kyrgyz).
There are a few restrictions on creating a tuz:
 A player may create only one tuz in each game.
 The last hole of the opponent (his ninth or rightmost hole) cannot be turned into a tuz.
 A tuz cannot be made if it is symmetrical to the opponent's one (for instance, if the opponent's third hole is a tuz, you cannot turn your third hole into one). It is permitted to make such a move, but it wouldn't create a tuz.

The stones that fall into a tuz are captured by its owner. He may transfer its contents at any time to his kazna. The game ends when a player can't move at his turn because all the holes on his side, which are not tuz, are empty.

When the game is over, the remaining stones which are not yet in a kazna or in a tuz are won by the player on whose side they are. The winner is the player who, at the end of the game, has captured more stones in their tuz and their kazna. When each player has 81 stones, the game is a draw.

Competitions

The first contemporary togyzkumalak/togyzkorgool tournament was held in 1948 in Almaty, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic there were disputes around the rules which were not standardized. That was led to the unification and standardization of rules in 1949.

The first Togyzmkumalak World Championship was held on November 1-7, 2010 in Astana, Kazakhstan. The 25 participants of the men's championship represented 14 nations: Antigua and Barbuda, China, Germany, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, USA, and Uzbekistan. The 18 players of the women's championship came from 10 countries: Azerbaijan, China, Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Four nations sent full teams (3 players) in each gender: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Russia. Uzbekistan had a full male team. Similar to chess, Go and checkers, there are world championships which attract players from all over the world. The Toguz Korgool Federation was found in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, in 1993. The Togyzkumalak World Championships are held every two years, the last ones were in Pardubice, Czech Republic, in 2012. The current Togyzkumalak / Toguz Korgool World Champions are Asel Dalieva (women) and Nurbek Kabiyev (men). The best non-Asian player was Jurij Nold (Germany). There are many competitions on local, regional and national levels in Central Asia. In addition, there are annual tournaments in some European countries, including England (London), Germany (Schweinfurt), Switzerland (La Tour-de-Peilz), and the Czech Republic (Prague and Pardubice). Toguz korgool is now also included in the program of the World Nomad Games.

The game is considered a national sport in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 organized players and about 200 official trainers in Kazakhstan alone.

References

Akshorayev, A. Toguz Kumalak: Kodeks i Klassifizirovanje Igri. Mektep, Alma-Ata (Soviet Union) 1980.
Machatscheck, H.  Zug um Zug: Die Zauberwelt der Brettspiele. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin (Germany / GDR) 1972, 146-147.
Machatscheck, H.  Stein um Stein: Exotik der Brettspiele. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin (Germany / GDR) 1984, 69 & 76-84.
 Pantusov, N. N. Kirgiskaya Igra Toguz Kumalak. In: Izvestia Obshchestva Arkheoligij, Istorij, i Etnografij pri Kazanskom Universitete (Kazan, Russia) 1906; 22: 249-252.
Sharipov, C. A. & Seitshanov, A. M. Laws of Toguz Kumalak Game. Ministry of Tourism and Sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Committee of Sports Affairs, Astana (Kazakhstan) 2006.
Shotayev, M. Rules of Intellectual Game: Toguz Kumalak. Turkistan (Kazakhstan) 2005.

External links
Алгебра кочевников (Toguz korgool) Android Apps on Google Play (in Russian, Kyrgyz and English)
Toguz korgool Android Apps on Google Play (in Russian)
Toguz korgool site
Toguz korgool in Poland
The Kazakh Toguz Kumalak Federation (in Kazakh)
A web site, where you can play Toguz kumalak online
Game application for Android-devices in Google Play (author: Yernar Shambayev)
PlayOK Toguz kumalak online

Traditional mancala games
Traditional board games


The Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (acronym IINRG), formerly known as the Indian Lac Research Institute, is an autonomous institute, established under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for advanced research on lac and other natural resins and gums. The Institute is located at Namkum, Ranchi in Jharkhand, India.

Profile

The Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (IINRG) was originally established as Indian Lac Research Institute (ILRI) for acting as a nodal agency for the research and development of lac and other natural resins and gums on 20 September 1924. The Institute was mandated to focus its attention on crop harvesting and tapping, produce processing, development of products, training, information repository, technology dissemination and liaison with other national and international agencies.

IINRG owes its origin to the recommendations of Lindsay- Harlow Committee, appointed by the erstwhile Imperial Government of India, in 1920, to study the various aspects of lac in the country. On the suggestions of the Committee, Indian Lac Association for Research, a consortium of lac merchants in India was formed. The Indian Lac Research Institute was started by the Association on 20 September 1920. In 1931, the institute was moved under a newly constituted Indian Lac Cess Committee (ILCC).

Later, when the Indian Lac Cess Committee (ILCC) was formed as per the findings and recommendations of the Royal Commission on Agriculture, the institute was transferred to ILCC on 1 August 1931. ILCC was given the control of the London Shellac Research Bureau, UK and Shellac Research Bureau and Polytechnique Institute of Brooklyn, USA as well.

The status remained in the post-independence India till 1966 when the Indian Council of Agricultural Research took over the reins of the Institute on 1 April 1966, becoming one of the earlier institutes under ICAR umbrella. On 20 September 2007, the institute was renamed as the Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (IINRG) and was given an expanded mandate to cover all the natural resins and gums of Indian origin.

Divisions

The activities of the Institute is primarily handled by three divisions, each entrusted with specific tasks.

Lac Production Division

LPD is involved in the research on improvement of production technologies of lac for which it focuses on the improvement of host plants and insects. It maintains a Lac Host and Lac Gene Bank and a biotechnology laboratory specifically for this purpose. Lac insect genetic stocks and host plant germplasms are characterized so that the ideal insect/host plant combination may be selected for developing effective production technologies.

Process and Product Development Division

PPD Division is a later entrant into IINRG and is engaged in the research of processing and value addition processes of natural resins and gums. It attends to the various stages of value addition at the raw, semi-finished and finished natural resins and gums and is an accredited laboratory for the collection, analysis, testing and reporting of lac and lac based products. The Division is ISO-9001 certified and hosts a Processing and Demonstrating Unit with pilot plants for research, refinement, training and demonstration, aimed at entrepreneurial requirements.

Transfer of Technology Division

The Transfer of Technology division is the knowledge bank of IINRG and is responsible for the assessment, refinement and dissemination of the research knowledge as well as imparting training to the farmers and other interested parties on the subject. It also maintains a Lac Museum, displaying a comprehensive range of exhibits ranging from samples from different parts of the world, various technologies, uses of lac in industries such as cosmetics, wool dyeing, medicines and jewellery making.

Facilities
IINRG maintains advanced facilities for the research such as:
Biotechnology lab: Undertakes research and testing work on molecular and plant tissue culture and imparts training to scientists and students.
Field Gene Bank: A repository for germplasm which has been recognised by National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources as National Active Germplasm Site.

IINRG also has a modern conference hall for conferences, seminars and training sessions.

Projects
IINRG is involved in many core in-house projects such as Productivity and Quality Improvement, Crop Production System Management, Processing, Storage and Quality Management, Value Addition, Application Development and Product Diversification, Capacity Building of Farmers and Entrepreneurship Development and Technology Evaluation, Refinement, Dissemination and Demonstration and a set of NAIP projects such as:
 To understand the nature of diversity in lac insects of Kerria spp. in India and the nature of insect x host interaction (NAIP- Component -4 )
 A value chain on lac and lac based products for domestic and export markets. (NAIP- Component -2)
 Developing sustainable framing models for prioritized micro water shed in rainfed area in Jharkhand with BAU, Ranchi. (NAIP Component-3)

The externally funded projects at IINRG are:
 Production of summer kusmi broodlac on kusum for promotion of lac cultivation in Gujarat with farmer's participation. (Forest Department, Silva Division, Gujarat)
 Climate change and lac crop performance
 Lac cultivation and processing unit establishment.
 FQ 3029 (NFBSFARA sponsored)
 Jute based bio-composites for industry

National Network Project
IINRG is the Lead Coordinating Centre among 7 centres, for the National network Project for Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums. The main objects of research are rosins (Pinus roxburghii), guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), karaya gum (Sterculia urens), gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) and guggul (Commiphora mukul). It is also involved in the preparation of agroforestry models on resins and gums.

Publications

IINRG has brought out several publications of which some of the notable ones are:

Ebooks on Natural Resins & Gums
 Natural Resins & Gums of commercial importance - At a glance
 Descriptors of lac insect with special reference to Kerria Spp.
 Lac Culture Operations
 Physico-chemical properties of some Indian plant gums of commercial importance

See also

 Agroecological restoration
 Agroecosystem
 Agroecosystem analysis
 Ecology
 Organic agriculture

References

External links
 on ICAR web site
 on YouTube
 on ASTI
 on Jharkhand Blog
 on Research Gate

Agroecology
Agricultural research institutes in India
Research institutes in Jharkhand
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Forestry research
Forestry in India
1924 establishments in India


title: Typhoon Neoguri (2014)

text:
Typhoon Neoguri (), known in the Philippines as Typhoon Florita, was a large and powerful tropical cyclone which struck Japan in 2014. The eighth named storm and the second typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Neoguri developed into a tropical storm on July 3 and then a typhoon on July 4. It rapidly deepened on July 5, reaching peak intensity late on July 6. Neoguri began to decay on July 7 and passed through Okinawa on July 8 and then making landfall over Kyushu as a severe tropical storm late on July 9. After Neoguri passed through the southern coast of Honshū on July 10, it became extratropical on July 11.

Meteorological history

Late on June 30, a tropical disturbance formed about  east of Chuuk as a broad area of trough with flaring convection, and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a low-pressure area formed at the same area late on the next day. Late on July 2, JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression, as well as the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at the same time, because of formative convective banding features under favourable environmental conditions with low vertical wind shear and good outflow. Early on July 3, JMA began to issue tropical cyclone advisories for the system. Moreover, JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression with flaring and chaotic deep convection. Late on the same day, JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm and designated it as 08W for an increase in organisation of the low-level circulation centre.

The JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Neoguri early on July 4, when a microwave imagery revealed that an eyewall was developing. At 09:00 UTC, the JMA upgraded Neoguri to a severe tropical storm, and then to a typhoon only three hours later, when the system continued tracking northwestwards along the southern periphery of a deep subtropical ridge. Late on the same day, JTWC upgraded Neoguri to a typhoon, when the system had further consolidated with an almost continuous eyewall. On July 5, Neoguri rapidly deepened and consolidated as curved banding wrapped tighter into a ragged  eye, owing to the robust all-around outflow. At noon, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) gave it the local name Florita for entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility.

On July 6, the eye of Neoguri became highly symmetric and attained a large size with a diameter of , when the system was still tracking west-northwestwards along the southern periphery of a deep-layered subtropical ridge to the north. A microwave imagery revealed a small intense convective core and improved convective bands over the southern semi-circle, as well as the radial outflow supported the ongoing intensification. Late on the same day, JTWC upgraded Neoguri to a super typhoon for its contracted eyewall, although the secondary outer eyewall had begun to form. Simultaneously, JMA analysed that Neoguri had reached peak intensity, with ten-minute maximum sustained winds at  and atmospheric pressure at .

Early on July 7, Neoguri began to track north-northwestwards along the southwest extension of a deep-layered subtropical ridge, when the JTWC reported that Neoguri had reached peak intensity as a Category 4 super typhoon with one-minute maximum sustained winds at . However, this was increased to  in the best track, an upgrade to Category 5 super typhoon status. Under the influence of a very favourable environment, the system had an expansive areal coverage as tightly curved deep convective bands, mostly feeding from the southern flank, wrapped even tighter into the expanding and nearly annular eye. However, the deep convection of the northwestern flank was almost eroded at noon, yet the round  eye maintained very well, prompting JTWC downgrading Neoguri to a typhoon late on the same day. Although a digging mid-latitude trough was amplifying the upper-level poleward outflow and helping to maintain the intensity, it increased subsidence along the northwestern quadrant of Neoguri, which significantly hindered the development and caused a weakening trend.

From the evening to early July 8, overall convection of Neoguri significantly increased, when the typhoon began to turn northwards. Later, Neoguri passed between Miyako-jima and Okinawa Island, right before starting to weaken gradually. In the afternoon, convection of Neoguri began to diminish, as well as a noticeable dry slot formed along the eastern semi-circle. The eye became obscured late on the same day, when the interaction with mid-latitude westerly trough was increasing. Early on July 9, increasing vertical wind shear along the northwestern quadrant of Neoguri made deep convection erode very significantly. Soon, JMA downgraded the system to a severe tropical storm when sharply turning eastwards, and cold stratocumulus clouds were streaming into a defined but elongating low-level circulation centre. JTWC downgraded Neoguri to a tropical storm at noon, when the system was tracking along the periphery of the subtropical ridge modified by an approaching mid-latitude trough.

Right before 07:00 JST on July 10 (22:00 UTC on July 9), Neoguri made landfall near Akune, Kagoshima, and the system began to accelerate east-northeastwards. Convection later continued to be greatly sheared southeastwards from the low-level circulation centre which was too broad, elongated, and unravelled to pinpoint, although the poleward outflow enhanced by the strong mid-latitude westerlies continued providing ventilation to the remnant wayward convection. After Neoguri made landfall over the southern part of Wakayama Prefecture around 18:30 JST (09:30 UTC on July 10), JTWC issued the final warning to the fully exposed storm which was becoming extratropical with the forming frontal characteristics at noon, as well as JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm. Neoguri then passed through Izu Peninsula around 02:30 JST on July 11 (17:30 UTC on July 10) and made landfall over Futtsu, Chiba right before 05:00 JST (20:00 UTC on July 10).

Early on July 11, Neoguri became an extratropical cyclone east of the Kantō region and continued moving northeastwards. After passing through Iturup and turning northwards late on the same day, the storm became below gale intensity at noon on July 12. Neoguri completely dissipated in the Sea of Okhotsk one day later.

Preparations

On July 6, the Japan Meteorological Agency warned residents in the Ryukyu Islands that Typhoon Neoguri could be among the strongest storms to strike the country; it forecast the storm move through the Ryukyu Islands with a pressure of . The JMA compared it to Typhoon Nancy in 1961, locally called 第2室戸台風 (2nd Muroto Typhoon), which had a pressure of .  After the agency started to monitor Neoguri under the local name of "Florita", the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration stated that it did not expect the typhoon to directly impact any part of the Philippines; however, PAGASA did expect the typhoon to enhance the Southwest Monsoon, bringing rains to some regions of the country.

The Japanese refiner company Nansei Sekiyu KK halted operations in Okinawa for the duration of the storm.

On July 9, Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways cancelled 40 flights collectively, affecting more than 2,000 travelers. Across Kyushu, officials urged nearly 90,000 residents to evacuate; most evacuations were in the city of Amakusa. Offshore drilling operations at JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation's Negishi refinery were suspended on July 8 and 9.

In Okinawa Prefecture, 580,000 people in 18 municipalities were advised to evacuate. Fourteen of these municipalities recommended evacuation for the entire area encompassed by the municipality. Local government encouraged people within these municipalities to take shelter should they feel they were in danger, and advised for them to do so in strong buildings.

Impact

Throughout Japan, 3 deaths and 67 injures caused by Typhoon Neoguri were confirmed, according to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of the Government of Japan. In Kōriyama, Fukushima, an 83-year-old man fell into a swollen river and died. In Nagiso, Nagano, a landslide sent mud and rock tumbling down a mountainside, killing a 12-year-old boy. A 77-year-old man in Seiyo, Ehime was found dead in a canal.

In the prefectures of Okinawa, Nagano, and Kagoshima, it was reported that there were approximately 10,300 power failures. Three buildings in Nagano Prefecture and Okinawa Prefecture were destroyed completely and, in the same prefectures, eight buildings were partially destroyed. Altogether, 19 buildings took damage in Okinawa Prefecture. Agricultural damage throughout Okinawa Prefecture amounted to ¥3.08 billion (US$30.3 million).

Out ahead of the storm, a man drowned off the coast of Shikoku after his vessel capsized amid large swells.

Heavy rains affected a large swath of northern Honshu, with  falling in Nagai, Yamagata and  in Kitakata, Fukushima. This resulted in widespread and prolonged flooding, especially in Yamagata Prefecture where 56 homes were inundated and evacuation orders were put in place for Shirataka. Rail service from Akayu Station was suspended due to rail line damage; repairs were expected to take until July 22. Total damage in Japan topped at ¥64 billion (US$632 million).

The typhoon's passage pulled a warm air mass over Japan, resulting in a widespread heat wave with temperatures across eastern Honshu and Hokkaido rose to their highest levels in 2014. Temperatures peaked at  in Tatebayashi while Tokyo recorded ; measurements reached  in central Hokkaido. Across eight prefectures, the high temperatures resulted in 1 fatality and 152 hospitalizations for heat stroke.

Neoguri also affected the Jeju Island. Parks and schools were closed, while damage on the island were at ₩223 million (US$220,000).

See also

Other tropical cyclones named Neoguri
Other tropical cyclones named Florita
Typhoon Maemi
Typhoon Tokage (2004)
Typhoon Vongfong (2014)

References

External links

JMA General Information of Typhoon Neoguri (1408) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Neoguri (1408)

08W.NEOGURI from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

2014 in Japan
2014 Pacific typhoon season
History of Okinawa Prefecture
Typhoons in Japan
Typhoons
Articles containing video clips
Neoguri


title: Bintaran

text:
Bintaran is a village in Wirogunan, Mergangsan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The area is known for its Dutch-Javanese architecture. It was formerly a Catholic settlement.

History

Before evolving into an Indisch settlement, Bintaran was known as the location of Ndalem Mandara Giri, a palace of Prince Haryo Bintoro, one of the descendant of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. The name Bintaran is derived from the name of the prince. During the 1930s, the location grows as an Indisch settlement when a church and civic buildings were constructed. At that time, Bintaran was an alternative settlement region for the Dutch people in Yogyakarta which evolved after Loji Kecil area was not adequate anymore. Dutch people who resided in Bintaran were usually officers or sugar factory workers.

Sights
Buildings in Bintaran are fusion of Javanese-Dutch style with thick white walls, tall main door and tall windows. The area has a distinct style which makes it different with buildings in Loji Kecil or Kota Baru: the yard are more spacious while the porch smaller with many pillars. The front doors are usually louvered and the inner doors are often completed with glass.

One of the oldest building is Ndalem Mandara Giri, the former palace of the Prince. The building shows fusion between Dutch and Javanese architecture in the use of Javanese pendopo element, specially constructed with building material from Demak in 1908; and a Dutch-styled interior with a typical high ceiling and tall windows. The house functioned as exhibition room for kris.

Sudirman Museum or officially Museum Sasmitaloka Panglima Besar (Pangsar) Jenderal Sudirman is a museum building on the left side of Bintaran Road. The building was completed in 1890 and was used as residence for financial officer of Pura Paku Alaman VII named Wijnschenk. During the course of history, this building was also used as the residence of General Sudirman.

The Biology Museum of Bintaran is located at Jalan Sultan Agung. It was utilized as the residence of Pakualaman military supervisor. The Fire Fighters Quarter of Bintaran was formerly the residence of Henry Paul Sagers. Wirogunan prison is a Dutch prison which is still used today.

St. Joseph Church of Bintaran

The church of Bintaran was founded by H. van Driessche to accommodate the increasing amount of Catholics in Yogyakarta as Kidul Loji Church could not accommodate them anymore. It was designed by J.H. van Oten BNA and the construction was executed by Hollandsche Beton Maatschappij in 1931 on the Kampementstraat (now Bintaran Kidul). The church was designed by Father H. Van Driessche and Mr. Dawoed specifically for the Javanese people, as Javanese people at that time were not used to attend religious ritual in a Western-style building (e.g. sitting on bench, long narrow room) because of the fabric they used. St. Joseph Church of Bintaran is 36 meters by 20 meters long, and the height is 13 meters. The church is white following the color of the surrounding buildings. The mass bench is only located at the back side, where the Europeans and Javanese upper class usually sat. The front part of this are mattress made of bamboo for the Javanese mass service to sit upon. Sun light enters the room through 72 double roosters instead of windows.

See also
List of churches in Indonesia

References

External links

Populated places in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Yogyakarta


title: Hypocassida subferruginea

text:
Hypocassida subferruginea is a species of leaf beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae.

Description
Hypocassida subferruginea can reach a length of . The basic colour of the body is yellowish or reddish-brown, with light metallic reflection and blackish basal margin of the pronotum.

Ecology
Main larval host plants are in the family Convolvulaceae, especially field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and larger bindweed (Calystegia sepium), but these polyphagous larvae feed also on common yarrow (Achillea millefolium). Adults occur from April to September.

Distribution and habitat
This species is present in most of European countries, in the eastern Palearctic realm, in the Near East, and in North Africa. It mainly occurs in field margins and wetlands.

References

External links

Beetles described in 1776
Cassidinae
Beetles of Europe
Taxa named by Franz von Paula Schrank


title: Ehsanollah Khan Dustdar

text:
Ehsān-Allāh Khān Dūstdār  (), (1883 or 1884 – March 10, 1939) also known as "Red Comrade", was an early twentieth century Iranian Marxist revolutionary and leader of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic. After spending nearly 20 years in exile in the Soviet Union he was executed during Stalin's Great Purge. He was subsequently rehabilitated following Stalin's death.

Early life
He was born in Sari. His father, Mirza Ali Akbar Hafiz al-Sahha was an experimental physician; both his parents were Bábí, a 19th century religious movement largely absorbed by Baháʼí.

Ehsanollah Khan ignored the then-current Baháʼí doctrine against participation in politics and official activities. He studied for a short time at Dar ul-Funun University in Tehran, where he learned French, which gave him access to European radical political literature. He then joined the constitutionalist Mujahideen army in the struggle to depose Muhammad Ali Shah and re-establish the Constitution. He was with the troops that defeated the Shah's forces in 1909.

With the beginning of the First World War, he became a supporter of the pro-Ottoman/German groups battling Russian and British forces and in 1915 he joined the pro-German "provisional government" in Kermanshah and fought side by side with the Ottoman/German forces.

After the defeat of the Provisional Government, he returned to Tehran and joined the Punishment Committee, a group formed in Tehran in 1916 that assassinated people considered "traitors to the interests of the country", such as Ismail Khan, the head of the state granary, whom the Committee blamed for the shortages caused by his grain sales to the British. The committee was dissolved following the arrest of its leaders and prominent members in 1917.

The Jungle Movement
The Jungle Movement was a rebellion against the monarchist rule of the Qajar dynasty that began in the forests of Gilan province to resist foreign intervention and later made common cause with Iranian communists and the Soviet Union. The rebellion lasted from 1915 to 1921.

Contrary to his claims, Ehsanollah Khan was not one of the founders of the Jungle Movement, but joined it in 1917. He fled to Gilan and, at the initiative of Mirza Kuchik Khan, joined the movement in the forests. After the October Revolution in Russia he took the leadership of the left wing of the Jangali and worked closely with the Bolsheviks. This faction advocated a pure communist program and Sovietization of Iran. It also aimed to establish a free education system throughout the country, with the ideology of "liberation from the chains of slavery and oppression for the benefit of the masses", nationalizing factories, mines, mills, water supply, banking and public transportation to create a national transportation system, the promotion of the cooperative system for artisans and small producers, the abolition of private agrarian property and the transfer of waqf lands to productive peasants for the development of a national housing system under the supervision of the central government and local councils, and the regulation of working conditions and public health through progressive legal reforms.

The leadership of the Jungle Movement was less radical. Near the end of 1917, the Jangalis organized a "Unity of Islam" committee, with members on the committee mainly comprising landlords and merchants. Still, they drew up a proposed constitution which accepted "private property in land" with certain limitations but also called for equality, majority rule, and freedom. Even with this, the Jangalis failed to change relations between landlords and peasants, but did continue to hold an anti-absolutist, anti-imperialist, and nationalist position displayed in their newspaper, Jangal, launched in 1917. In years that followed, the movement was gaining strength as disorder and insecurity swept the country.

The Persian Socialist Soviet Republic
In May 1920 the Soviet Caspian Flotilla, led by Fyodor Raskolnikov and accompanied by Sergo Ordzhonikidze, entered the Caspian port of Anzali. This mission was declared to be only in pursuit of the Russian vessels and ammunition taken to Anzali by the White Russian counter-revolutionary General Anton Denikin, who had been given asylum by British forces in Anzali. The British garrison in Anzali soon evacuated the town without any resistance, retreating to Manjil.

Faced with the conflict between his movement and the united British and central government forces, Mirza Kuchak Khan, who had considered seeking support from Bolsheviks the year before, entered into an agreement with the Bolsheviks that included the proclamation of the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, also known as the Soviet Republic of Gilan, under his leadership and the Soviets' promise not to intervene in the internal affairs of the republic.

After the formation of the Soviet Republic Ehsanollah Khan sought to join the Communist Party of Persia, but his application was denied. In late July 1920, he was associated with a coup d'état against Mirza and headed the new government dominated by the Communist Party. In this position, the Republic embarked on extremist policies such as property confiscation, anti-religious propaganda, and forcing money out of rich landlords, which weakened the nascent republic and caused division among the ranks of Gilan's freedom fighters. In September 1920, the Communist Party left the coalition.

Life in exile
By 1921, after the agreement reached between the Soviet Union and Britain, the Soviets decided not to further support the Soviet Republic of Gilan. The Republic collapsed soon after, despite Ehsanollah Khan's attempts to sabotage the "friendship and cooperation" agreement between Tehran and Moscow by continuing land redistribution.

Nariman Narimanov, the head of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Azerbaijan, and Theodore Rothstein, the then Soviet ambassador to Iran, told Ehsanullah Khan to leave Iran. Ehsanollah Khan first went to Moscow.

Ehsanullah Khan's stay in Moscow did not last long. When he returned to Baku in late 1922, he was once again reminded that he had to live in silence and on the sidelines. Apparently, it was during this period that Ehsanullah Khan contacted the Iranian consul in Baku and sought permission to return to Iran. In a coded message sent from Moscow to Tehran, the Advisor to Iran's ambassador to the Soviet Union asked the opinion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on this matter. Tehran responds almost immediately: the government of Iran will allow Ehsanullah Khan to return, provided that he informs the authorities of his arrival date so that the government can consider a suitable place for him to live.

Apparently, the response of the Iranian government was not what Ehsanullah Khan had expected. He was proud of his political past and was not in a position to accept the pardon of the Iranian government. So there was only one way left for him: insisting on his opposition to the central government of Iran.

Apparently, the response of the Iranian government was not the response that Ehsanullah Khan expected. He was proud of his political past and was not in a position to accept the pardon of the Iranian government. So there was only one way left for him: insisting on his opposition to the central government of Iran.

Ehsanullah Khan, along with his associates Mohammad Jafar Kangavari, Ahmad Masafir and Ashouri, founded a new party called "Committee of the Liberation Revolution of Iran". The headquarters of the new party was an old shop in Baku, where Ashuri, the promoter and secretary of Ehsanullah Khan lived. In 1923 Ehsanullah Khan and his associates Seyyed Jalal and Ibrahim Khan directed revolutionary activities to bring about change in their homeland, Iran, from these relatively humble headquarters.

In the five years between 1923 and 1928 Soviet authorities gradually forced Ehsanullah Khan and his associates to accept a form of political isolation. The only evidence of his activity during these years is his performance in one of the first Soviet propaganda films made by Leo Moore, Gilan Ghazi (Girl of Gilan), about the Jungle Movement and its failure. In this film, Ehsanullah Khan appeared as himself; And the roles of famous characters such as Mirza Kuchak Khan were played by actors.

In the middle of the 1920s, the newly established OGPU ordered Ehsanullah Khan and his active entourage to surrender their personal weapons that they had taken with them when they left Anzali and entered the Caucasus. OGPU agents raided their headquarters in Baku and confiscated everything they had, even forbidding them to leave their residence. From then on, they were financially dependent on the small amount they received from the Commissariat of Internal Affairs.

In 1927, in the wake of uprisings against the newly established Pahlavi dynasty in Gilan, Khorasan and Azerbaijan in 1926, he appealed for support from the Soviet Union to return to Iran and tried to start revolutionary activities to overthrow the new monarchy. He received no assistance; Stalin and Bukharin ignored him. Ehsanullah Khan complained that the fate of the revolution in Iran depended on the outcome of diplomatic relations and declared that he was sure that the revolutionary movement would ultimately succeed against the Pahlavi regime and that the Soviets were responsible for the delay.

In Iran, the gradual consolidation and stabilization of Reza Khan's power finally paved the way for his kingdom. It was certainly not something that someone like Ehsanullah Khan would welcome and caused him to reconsider his past positions regarding Reza Shah. For him, Reza Khan was the main agent of "British imperialism" who relied on "the order of the master on the throne." In 1928, Ehsanullah Khan broke his five-year silence and once again returned to the scene of public political activity. This time he drew cartoons of Reza Shah and called him a puppet of "British imperialism". A number of these lithographic caricatures were sent by post to various addresses in Iran, including some government offices.

The Iranian authorities immediately reacted with anger to the publication of these images. Abdolhossein Teymourtash, the court minister and one of the most influential political figures of that time, called Yakov Davityan, the Soviet ambassador to Iran, and informed him of the official protest of the Iranian government. Davityan immediately contacted Moscow and Baku and informed Levon Mirzoyan, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, about the protest of the Iranian government. Davityan wrote in his confidential letter to Mirzoyan that Iranian officials, including Teymourtash, believe that Ehsanullah Khan was involved in this new conspiracy that endangers Iran-Soviet relations. According to Davityan, "such actions deeply harm the diplomatic relations between the two countries", Davityan wrote in his letter to Mirzoyan, "if these political activists are really happy with the continuation of their revolutionary actions, isn't it wiser to continue their activities in their own country and not from Soviet soil." In the end, he calls on the authorities of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan to "find a solution to get out of this predicament and stop Ehsanullah Khan and his group from activities that cause the diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Iran to be dark". The reaction to this call in Baku was immediate. Ehsanullah Khan and his associates were summoned to the OGPU and ordered to stop their political activities immediately.

In the late 1920s, pressure on non-Soviet communists living throughout the Soviet Union gradually increased. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, by issuing a new order, asked all the communist parties of the republics and the commissariat of internal and foreign affairs of each republic to take the necessary steps to convince all non-Soviet communists living in the Soviet Union to accept Soviet citizenship. As a result, a campaign was launched throughout the Soviet Union to "cleanse local parties", which began with the expulsion of members, especially members of immigrant ethnic groups, who had joined the party without following procedures. In addition, membership in the Communist Party was limited to the circle of Stalin's followers.

With the relative stabilization of the political atmosphere in Iran, the official relations between the Soviet Union and Iran became stronger. In the new situation, the mobilization of Iranians from the Caucasus and Turkestan was no longer very important. Both the Comintern and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union finally came to believe that there was no hope for a decisive change in the political landscape of Iran in the near future, and therefore, the Iranians of the Caucasus and Turkestan should encourage exiles such as Ehsanullah Khan to abandon the idea of temporary residence in the Soviet Union or any expectation of returning to Iran and encourage them to accept Soviet citizenship. The Communist Party of Iran was also informed to "carry out its revolutionary activities only in Iran" and leave the task of working on Iranians living in the Soviet Union to the local communist parties. In Azerbaijan, all foreign affairs offices of the Communist Party of Iran were closed and all its assets were handed over to the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. Finally, Iranians who worked directly for the Comintern were excluded from this policy. It was at this time that Ehsanullah Khan was repeatedly asked to accept Soviet citizenship, a request that he refused to accept.

Arrest, death and rehabilitation
After the start of Stalin's purges, Ehsanullah Khan was accused, through people related to him, of trying to discredit the leadership of the Communist Party of Iran, especially Avetis Sultan-Zade, at the Baku meeting in 1931, at which he was not present. A few of OGPU's operatives were able to maintain surveillance over him and report his activities. It appears that Ehsanullah Khan and his associates believed that all the groups in the Soviet Union had forgotten them and that their financial and mental situation was much worse than that of the old communists.

The NKVD described Ehsanullah Khan and his associates as the most dangerous and destructive Iranians living in Azerbaijan in a report to Mir Jafar Baghirov, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, and specifically accused him of acting as agents of the British and Iranian intelligence services, the spread of poisonous propaganda among Iranians living in the Soviet Union, plotting to sabotage the Baku oil fields.

Ehsanullah Khan was arrested on December 24, 1937 in Baku. He was accused of "involvement in anti-Soviet activities, British and later German agency, membership in the Trotsky-Zinoviev circle, and anti-Comintern and anti-Communist Party of Iran activities". He was subjected to severe physical torture in the first stages of interrogation, but despite this, he denied all the charges. The interrogation in Baku lasted five months. In April 1938, he was sent to Moscow for further interrogation. In Moscow, the same accusations were made against him, and he, as before, rejected all the accusations and insisted on his innocence.

Ehsanullah Khan wrote a letter from the detention center to Anastas Mikoyan, who was an influential figure in the Soviet system and was familiar with him from Iran, as well as letters addressed to Nikolai Yezhov, the head of the NKVD, and also Stalin. In these letters, he mentioned his background as a loyal and committed revolutionary and that he was nicknamed "Red Comrade". He appealed to these leaders to intervene on his behalf and allow him to be tried in a "fair and public court". All those letters remained unanswered.

Finally, on March 19, 1939, his trial began in Moscow. At that time he was seriously ill. In the Moscow court, he once again denied all the charges and denied any connection with the German and British intelligence services. His trial lasted only 20 minutes. The judge sentenced him to death. On the morning of the 19th, he was handed over to the death squad in Moscow.

According to his youngest son Kaveh, Ehsanullah Khan's son Bahman was also arrested in 1937. The exact date of his death was not made public. His wife and two sons survived. Born in Baku, Kaveh became a Soviet citizen, lost his sight in World War II, and then studied and composed music. Another son, Faramarz, and his mother returned to Iran after Reza Shah was deposed in 1941.

After Stalin's death in 1953, Ehsanullah Khan was rehabilitated.

See also
Gilan
Jungle Movement of Gilan
The Jangal movement

References

1880s births
1939 deaths
People from Sari, Iran
People executed by the Soviet Union
Iranian revolutionaries
Iranian communists
Iranian emigrants to the Soviet Union
People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union
Soviet rehabilitations
Iranian Bahá'ís
Executed communists
Executed revolutionaries


title: Naftalan

text:
Naftalan may refer to:

 Naftalan, Azerbaijan, a city in central Azerbaijan
 Naftalan oil, a special crude oil found in the Azerbaijani city
 Naftalan (Croatia), a hospital and spa center located near Ivanić-Grad, Croatia

See also
 Naphthalene, the chemical compound


title: Franco, Ciccio e il pirata Barbanera

text:
Franco, Ciccio e il pirata Barbanera (Franco, Ciccio and Blackbeard the Pirate) is a 1969 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Amendola starring the comic duo Franco and Ciccio. It is a parody of the 1883 adventure novel Treasure Island of Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson.

Plot
England, 1700: Franco is the illegitimate son of a pirate who died at sea, and now he works as a waiter in a tavern. Ciccio is an unfortunate Capitan Black who tries to bring up his image as that of a great bloody killer. The two meet in a ship, where Franco discovers a map where there are directions to a mysterious island, the location of the buried treasure of the notorious pirate Flint.

Ciccio then proposes to recruit a crew, and so doesn't realize that between the hubs and the people of the sea enters the dreaded pirate Blackbeard, who is seeking revenge, because years ago he helped Flint earning the coveted treasure...

Cast
 Franco Franchi as Franco
 Ciccio Ingrassia as  Capitan Black
 Fernando Sancho as Blackbeard the Pirate
 Mimmo Palmara as Flint  the Pirate
 Pietro Tordi as Johnson the Pirate
 Rosita Torosh as  Aluna
 Umberto D'Orsi as  Creditor of Capitan Black
 Enzo Andronico as  Cane Nero
 Ignazio Balsamo as pirate Manolo

References

External links

1969 films
1960s adventure comedy films
1960s buddy comedy films
1960s parody films
Films set in 1700
Films set in England
Films directed by Mario Amendola
Italian buddy comedy films
Italian adventure comedy films
Treasure Island films
1969 comedy films
Films scored by Roberto Pregadio
1960s Italian films
Cultural depictions of Blackbeard


title: Ross Doyen

text:
Ross O. Doyen (October 1, 1926 – July 3, 2014) was an American rancher, farmer, and politician.

Born near Rice, Kansas, Doyan served in the United States Navy during World War II. Doyen received his bachelor's degree in agricultural engineering from Kansas State University in 190. He was a farmer and rancher. He served in the Kansas House of Representatives, as a Republican from 1959 to 1968 and then in the Kansas State Senate from 1969 to 1992 and served as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee and president of the senate. Additionally, he served with the National Conference of State Legislatures and Conference of State Governments. He died in Concordia, Kansas.

Notes

1926 births
2014 deaths
People from Cloud County, Kansas
Military personnel from Kansas
Kansas State University alumni
Presidents of the Kansas Senate
Republican Party Kansas state senators
Republican Party members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Ranchers from Kansas
Farmers from Kansas
United States Navy personnel of World War II
20th-century American politicians


title: North Port Passenger Terminal

text:
North Port Passenger Terminal, also known as Terminal 2, is a terminal for passenger ferries, for roll on-roll off ferries (RORO), and for cruise ships located on Pier 4, Manila North Harbor, Port of Manila, Philippines. It is owned by Manila North Harbour Port Inc. and opened on October 9, 2013.

The terminal can accommodate 2-3 million passengers per year, greater than the old terminal which supported about 1.5 million passengers.

The terminal has a total area of about  including the main building, drop-off area, ticketing booths, and a  parking area. It features X-ray scanning area, luggage check-in area and has about 2,000 seating capacity. It can handle 5 vessels at any time.

On November 2, 2013, MV SuperStar Aquarius, a 51,300 gross tonner of Star Cruises, arrived at the terminal. On January 9, 2014, MV Costa Victoria of Costa Cruises, carrying 1,775 passengers, made its maiden call at the terminal.

References

External links
 http://www.mnhport.com.ph/ Manila North Harbour Port, Inc.

Ports and harbors of the Philippines
Buildings and structures in Tondo, Manila
Transportation in Manila
Manila Bay


title: 2014–15 FA Cup qualifying rounds

text:
The 2014–15 FA Cup qualifying rounds opened the 134th season of competition in England for 'The Football Association Challenge Cup' (FA Cup), the world's oldest association football single knockout competition. A total of 736 clubs were accepted for the competition, down 1 from the previous season's 737.

The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down (Levels 5 through 10) in the English football pyramid meant that the competition started with six rounds of preliminary (2) and qualifying (4) knockouts for these non-League teams. The 32 winning teams from fourth qualifying round progressed to the First round proper, where League teams tiered at Levels 3 and 4 entered the competition.

Calendar and prizes
The calendar for the 2014–15 FA Cup qualifying rounds, as announced by The Football Association.

Extra preliminary round
Extra preliminary round fixtures were due to be played on 16 August 2014, with replays taking place no later than 21 August 2014. A total of 368 teams, from Level 9 and Level 10 of English football, entered at this stage of the competition.

Preliminary round
Preliminary round fixtures were due to be played on 30 August 2014, with replays no later than 5 September. A total of 320 teams took part in this stage of the competition, including the 184 winners from the Extra preliminary round and 136 entering at this stage from the six leagues at Level 8 of English football. The round included 34 teams from Level 10 still in the competition, being the lowest ranked teams in this round.

First qualifying round
First qualifying round fixtures were due to be played on 13 September 2014, with replays no later than 18 September. A total of 232 teams took part in this stage of the competition, including the 160 winners from the Preliminary round and 72 entering at this stage from the three leagues at Level 7 of English football. There were 10 teams from Level 10 still in the competition, being the lowest ranked teams in this round.

Second qualifying round
Second qualifying round fixtures were due to be played on 27 September 2014, with replays no later than 2 October. A total of 160 teams took part in this stage of the competition, including the 116 winners from the first qualifying round and 44 entering at this stage from the two divisions at Level 6 of English football. Ellistown & Ibstock United and Blaby & Whetstone Athletic from Level 10 were still in the competition, being the lowest ranked teams in this round.

Third qualifying round
Third qualifying round fixtures were due to be played on 11 October 2014, with replays taking place no later than 16 October 2014. A total of 80 teams took part in this stage of the competition, all winners from the second qualifying round. The round featured six teams from Level 9 still in the competition, being the lowest ranked teams in this round.

Fourth qualifying round
Fourth qualifying round fixtures were due to be played on 25 October 2014, with replays taking place no later than 30 October 2014. A total of 64 teams took part in this stage of the competition, including the 40 winners from the third qualifying round and 24 entering at this stage from the Conference Premier at Level 5 of English football. The round featured Willand Rovers, Greenwich Borough and Shildon from Level 9 still in the competition, being the lowest ranked teams in this round.

Competition proper

Winners from fourth qualifying round advance to First round proper, where teams from League One (Level 3) and League Two (Level 4) of English football, operating in The Football League, first enter the competition.  See 2014–15 FA Cup for a report of first round proper onwards.

Notes

References

External links
 The FA Cup Archive

2014–15 FA Cup
FA Cup qualifying rounds


title: Naftalan oil

text:
Naftalan or Naphtalan is a type of crude oil. It is named after Naftalan, Azerbaijan, where it is found. It is known for its high naphthalene content and use in alternative medicine.

While Naftalan crude oil is too heavy for normal export uses (unlike Azerbaijan's plentiful Caspian Sea oil), it contains about 50 percent naphthenic hydrocarbons.

In Azerbaijan, people using the oil generally sit in a bath and are covered in oil up to their necks. There are numerous petroleum spas in the city of Naftalan itself.

History
After the oil boom at the turn of the 20th century, the Baku naftalan started to be extracted in higher volumes, and exported to Germany. After the borders were closed following the 1917 Russian Revolution, it fell into oblivion in the west. It still attracted some attention in the Soviet Union, when the Azerbaijan Medical University opened a small health resort in 1933. In the 1930s, academician T. G. Pashayev started to try to isolate naphthalan from industrial paraffin and naphthene oils and proposed the term, though more current research indicates that the term "earth mineral oil” is more appropriate for what he described in his paper published in Moscow in 1959.

Health effects

Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy red blood cells, most commonly in people with the inherited condition known as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, which over 400 million people suffer from. Humans, in particular children, have developed the condition known as hemolytic anemia, after ingesting mothballs or deodorant blocks containing naphthalene. Symptoms include fatigue, lack of appetite, restlessness, and pale skin. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may cause confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in the urine, and jaundice (yellow coloration of the skin due to dysfunction of the liver).

The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) held an experiment where male and female rats and mice were exposed to naphthalene vapors on weekdays for two years. Both male and female rats exhibited evidence of carcinogenesis with increased incidences of adenoma and neuroblastoma of the nose. Female mice exhibited some evidence of carcinogenesis based on increased incidences of alveolar and bronchiolar adenomas of the lung, while male mice exhibited no evidence of carcinogenesis.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies naphthalene as possibly carcinogenic to humans and animals (Group 2B). The IARC also points out that acute exposure causes cataracts in humans, rats, rabbits, and mice; and that hemolytic anemia (described above) can occur in children and infants after oral or inhalation exposure or after maternal exposure during pregnancy. Under California's Proposition 65, naphthalene is listed as "known to the State to cause cancer". A probable mechanism for the carcinogenic effects of mothballs and some types of air fresheners containing naphthalene has been identified.

US government agencies have set occupational exposure limits to naphthalene exposure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) over an eight-hour time-weighted average. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a recommended exposure limit at 10 ppm (50 mg/m3) over an eight-hour time-weighted average, as well as a short-term exposure limit at 15 ppm (75 mg/m3). Naphthalene's minimum odor threshold is 0.084 ppm for humans.

Mothballs and other products containing naphthalene have been banned within the EU since 2008.

In China, the use of naphthalene in mothballs is forbidden. Danger to human health and the common use of natural camphor are cited as reasons for the ban.

References

Petroleum
Pseudoscience
Alternative medicine
Naftalan, Azerbaijan
Naphthalenes


title: Virginia Cowles

text:
(Harriet) Virginia Spencer Cowles  (August 24, 1910 – September 17, 1983)  was an American journalist, biographer, and travel writer. During her long career, Cowles went from covering fashion, to covering the Spanish Civil War, the turbulent period in Europe leading up to World War II, and the entire war. Her service as a correspondent was recognized by the British government with an OBE in 1947. After the war, she published a number of critically acclaimed biographies of historical figures. In 1983, while traveling with her husband, she was killed in an automobile accident which left him severely injured.

Early life

Cowles was born in 1910 in Brattleboro, Vermont to Dr. Edward Spencer Cowles and his wife Florence Wolcott Cowles, née Jacquith. In the 1930s, she started to work as a journalist in the United States. After first working on the gossip columns of Boston and New York newspapers - for which she wrote mainly about fashion, love and society - she moved to foreign reporting.

Spanish Civil War
Cowles went to Spain in 1936, with the intention; becoming a war correspondent, despite her relative youth and lack of experience. Her coverage from Spain was notably different from that of many of her contemporaries like Martha Gellhorn (a staunch supporter of the Republican cause)) in that she was determined to cover the war from both sides. Some of her most notable reporting came from Republican sources, such as her interview with Pepe Quintanilla the chief executioner of Madrid. She reported on the Spanish Civil War for the Daily Telegraph, the Sunday Times, and the Hearst newspapers.

Cowles' first book, published in early 1941, Looking For Trouble, details both her experiences in the war, and the small community of foreign war correspondents that developed there, which included Hemingway, Gelhorn and others who would go on to cover World War II. Cowles wrote the book to convey her belief that America should enter World War II.  She included in it her telling account of claustrophobia at a Nuremberg Rally, and her experience of Hitler's diminishment as he left the stand:

His small figure suddenly became drab and unimpressive.  You had to pinch yourself to realize that this was the man on whom the eyes of the world were riveted; that he alone held the lightning in his hands.

World War II
After leaving Spain, Cowles reported from all over Europe, shuttling between Russia, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Finland, and France during 1939 and 1940. For the Sunday Times, she reported on the Winter War, before returning to England in 1940 after the fall of France.
She witnessed the first day of The Blitz, and continued to report on the Battle of Britain throughout, writing from Dover how "You knew the fate of civilization was being decided fifteen thousand feet above your head in a world of sun, wind and sky".

From 1942 to 1943 she worked for John G. Winant, the American Ambassador in London. For the Sunday Times and the Chicago Sun she reported on the North African Campaign. Cowles missed journalism and returned to reporting, from Italy and France in 1944-45.

Later career
In the following four decades Cowles achieved considerable commercial success with a long series of political individual and family biographies. Critics often complained about the lack of sharpness and reliability of her historical analysis, but praised the accuracy of her insight into humanity. She was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1947.

Personal life
In 1945, Cowles married Aidan Crawley a British politician, journalist, television executive and author.  They had three children, two sons and a daughter. Cowles was killed in an automobile accident in 1983, in the car her husband was driving.

Bibliography

Selected books
 Looking for Trouble, (journalistic experiences), Harper, (1941) ; reissued by Faber, (2021) with an introduction by Christina Lamb
How America Is Governed, Lutterworth, (1944);
No Cause for Alarm, Harpers, (1949)  (published in England as No Cause for Alarm: A Study of Trends in England Today, Hamish Hamilton, (1949);
Winston Churchill: The Era and the Man, Harper, (1953) ;
Gay Monarch: The Life and Pleasures of Edward VII, Harper, (1956)  (published in England as Edward VII and His Circle, Hamish Hamilton, 1956);
The Phantom Major: The Story of David Stirling and His Desert Command, Harper, (1958) (published in England as The Phantom Major: The Story of David Stirling and the S.A.S. Regiment, Collins, (1958), junior edition, (1962);
The Great Swindle: The Story of the South Sea Bubble, Harper, (1960);
The Kaiser, Harper, (1963);
1913: The Defiant Swan Song, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (1967);
The Russian Dagger: Cold War in the Days of the Czars, Harper, (1969);
The Romanovs, Harper, (1971) ;
The Rothschilds: A Family of Fortune, Knopf, (1973);
The Last Tsar and Tsarina, Weidenfeld &; Nicolson, (1977);
The Astors: the Story of a Transatlantic Family, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (1979)  ;
The Great Marlborough and His Duchess, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, (1983)  ;

Plays
 Love Goes to Press: A Comedy in Three Acts (USA 1947), University of Nebraska Press, (2nd ed. 2010) Cowles co-authored the play with friend and colleague Martha Gellhorn. The play is about a group of war correspondents on the Italian front. Cowles met Gellhorn, a former wife of Ernest Hemingway, while the two women were covering the Spanish Civil War.

Articles
Contributor of articles to various periodicals and magazines, including Vogue, Harper's, and The American Mercury.

See also
Mary Welsh Hemingway
Tania Long
William L. Shirer

References
Notes

Sources

(re-published as Gellhorn: A 20th-Century Life, Henry Holt & Co., New York (2003) )

 Sorel, Nancy Caldwell (1999). The Women Who Wrote the War. New York: Arcade Publishing. .

1910 births
1983 deaths
American expatriates in England
American women journalists
American women war correspondents
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
People from Brattleboro, Vermont
Road incident deaths in France
20th-century American women writers
American war correspondents of World War II


title: Hypocassida

text:
Hypocassida is a genus of leaf beetles belonging to the subfamily Cassidinae.

Genera
 Hypocassida convexipennis Borowiec, 2000
 Hypocassida cornea (Marseul, 1868)
 Hypocassida grossepunctata Bordy, 2009
 Hypocassida meridionalis (Suffrian, 1844)
 Hypocassida subferruginea (Schrank, 1776

References

External links

 Biolib
 Fauna Europaea

Cassidinae
Chrysomelidae genera


title: The Golf House Club

text:
The Golf House Club, Elie established in 1875, is a historic members golf club located in the East Neuk of Fife, Scotland. Members have playing rights over Elie Links, a UK Top 100 Golf Course.

Approximately ten miles from the "spiritual home of golf" at St. Andrews, golf has been played over the links of Elie since the 1500s.

The clubhouse of the GHC is situated directly adjacent to the first tee.

The current course, a par 70 6251-yard course,
was largely designed by Old Tom Morris and James Braid in 1895.

The current club, the Golf House Club, was founded in 1875 with the building of the clubhouse. An extension, the work of John Currie, was added in 1907. An unusual feature is the periscope from the Royal Navy submarine HMS Excalibur, that was launched in 1955 and scrapped in 1968. The periscope is installed in the starter's hut; players and visitors may use it to view the golf course.

References

External links
Official site

Golf clubs and courses in Fife
1832 establishments in Scotland
1895 establishments in Scotland